bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular histopathology in (new zealand black x new zealand white)f1 and MRL‐lpr/lpr autoimmune mice: Models for skeletal muscle involvement in connective tissue disease
Authors: Rosenberg Neil L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSkeletal muscle from (New Zealand black x New Zealand white)F1 and MRL‐lpr/lpr mice was examined for histopathologic abnormalities. Although young animals had no muscle abnormalities, older mice in both strains had the following histopathologic abnormalities: perimysial/endomysial inflammation, acute simple denervation, muscle degeneration/necrosis, and an increase in internal nuclei. MRL‐lpr/lpr mice had the following additional histopathologic abnormalities: inflammatory vascular disease (vasculitis), central myofibrillar loss, fascial inflammation, and tubular aggregates. These abnormalities are comparable with those seen in human connective tissue diseases, particularly the association with inflammation. These mouse strains provide good animal models for the study of immunopathologic processes of skeletal muscle associated with connective tissue disease.
Morphologic characteristics of developing osteoarthrotic lesions in the knee cartilage of str/in mice
Authors: Schünke Michael , Tillmann Bernhard , Brück Martina , Müller‐Ruchholtz Wolfgang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of osteoarthrotic cartilage lesions in the knee joints of male STR/IN mice was studied with respect to their histologic appearance and their various localizations in the joint. Spontaneous articular cartilage degeneration on the medial portion of the tibial plateau was considered to be the initial event. Continued loss of cartilage subsequently led to a pronounced instability of the knee joint, with a varus deformity. This was followed by medial patellar luxation with corresponding osteoarthrotic lesions at the facies patellaris femoris. The most marked osteoarthrotic cartilage degeneration developed on the medial tibial condyle and at the facies patellaris femoris of the femoropatellar joint. Histologic examination of the osteoarthrotic defects in these two regions revealed distinct morphologic differences with respect to formation of chondrocyte clusters, tendency to regeneration, and proliferation reactions. Lectin binding experiments in normal articular cartilage revealed regional differences regarding the presence or absence of keratan sulfate in the extracellular matrix. The lack of keratan sulfate in tibial cartilage might reflect its tendency to degenerate spontaneously. It is therefore suggested that male STR/IN mice are particularly useful for studying two different types of osteoarthrosis, one due to a biomechanically induced instability (patellar luxation) and one due to biochemical changes (absence of keratan sulfate) of still unknown pathogenesis.
Acromegalic arthropathy
Authors: Layton Mark W. , Fudman Edward J. , Barkan Ariel , Braunstein Ethan M. , Fox Irving H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArthropathy was assessed in 19 patients with active acromegaly. Axial or peripheral arthropathy was present in 10 patients, was located most often in large joints or the lumbosacral spine, and was osteoarthritic in nature. The mean duration of acromegaly in patients with arthropathy was 21.6 years, while the mean duration in patients without arthropathy was 7.9 years. A mild‐to‐moderate improvement in symptoms, estimated functional ability, and crepitus occurred in 8 of 9 patients who were prospectively examined during therapy to lower production of growth hormone. We conclude that this therapy did improve the symptoms of acromegalic arthropathy. Whether objective structural improvements occur remains unclear.
Anticardiolipin antibodies in lyme disease
Authors: Mackworth‐Young C. G. , Harris E. N. , Steere A. C. , Rizvi F. , Malawista S. E. , Hughes G. R. V. , Gharavi A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from 28 patients with Lyme disease were tested for the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLA). Seven serum samples had elevated levels of IgM ACLA, and 4 had elevated levels of IgG ACLA. Higher IgM ACLA positivity tended to be associated with neurologic disease, and IgM ACLA levels correlated with the specific IgM response to the infecting spirochete (P < 0.01). Absorption experiments indicated that ACLA and antispirochete antibodies are largely separate populations. Thus, ACLA may occur in patients with Lyme disease, particularly in those with neurologic abnormalities, and the production of these antibodies seems to be linked to the specific IgM response.
In vitro rheumatoid factor synthesis in patients taking second‐line drugs for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Olsen Nancy J. , Callahan Leigh F. , Pincus Theodore 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients whose unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce high levels of IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM‐RF) in vitro have more severe disease activity. RA patients being treated with second‐line agents, including gold salts, penicillamine, or methotrexate, tend to be low producers or nonproducers of IgM‐RF in vitro. The possibility that low production or nonproduction of IgM‐RF in vitro may be explained by treatment with second‐line agents alone, irrespective of disease activity, was analyzed in 133 RA patients whose disease status was assessed by multiple laboratory and clinical measures. The results indicate that treatment with second‐line agents and in vitro IgM‐RF synthesis are independently associated with disease activity.
An evaluation of serum osteocalcin in pacet's disease of bone and its response to diphosphonate treatment
Authors: Coulton Les A. , Preston Christopher J. , Couch Malcolm , Kanis John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe found that serum bone γ‐carboxyglutamic acid–containing protein (BGP) (osteocalcin) had lower sensitivity and specificity for measurement of disease activity in Paget's disease of bone than other biochemical measures of disease activity. The administration of diphosphonates induced suppression of urinary hydroxyproline excretion and a subsequent decrease in alkaline phosphatase values, but no consistent change in BGP values. Serum BGP measurements have limited value as a screening test for Paget's disease or for monitoring treatment of the disorder.
HLA–B27–associated arthropathy in childhood: long‐term clinical and diagnostic outcome
Authors: Sheerin Kathleen A. , Giannini Edward H. , Brewer Earl J. , Barron Karyl S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe conducted HLA–B27 tissue typing assessments on 430 consecutive children whose main symptom at presentation to our clinic was arthritis/arthralgia. Eighty‐five of them (20%) had the B27 antigen. Thirty‐six of these children were reexamined after a mean followup period of 8.9 years. Although most had definable rheumatic diseases, only 2 met the New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Children with HLA–B27 and arthritis/arthralgia, although at increased risk of developing AS, have diverse diagnostic and clinical outcomes. The AS criteria used to diagnose the disease in adults may not be appropriate for use in children.
Livedo reticularis and peripheral gangrene associated with primary hyperoxaluria
Authors: Baethge Bruce A. , Daniel Sanusi I. , Landreneau Michael D. , Rohr Michael S. , Mcdonald John C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe a 38‐year‐old man who developed livedo reticularis and peripheral gangrene after bilateral nephrectomy. Pathologic evaluation revealed extensive crystalline deposits within the walls of subcutaneous blood vessels. The diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria was established. This case demonstrates that the vasculopathy of primary oxalosis can mimic systemic necrotizing vasculitis.
Phenotypic analysis of synovial tissue and peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cush John J. , Lipsky Peter E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytofluorometric analysis was performed to characterize the surface phenotype and activation status of freshly isolated synovial tissue lymphocytes (STL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 7 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Proliferative synovium was enzymatically digested to obtain tissue‐derived lymphocytes. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of patient PBL and STL with a variety of monoclonal antibodies failed to reveal a consistent alteration in the number of CD4+ (helper/inducer) PBL or STL. However, there was a significant decrease in the number of CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells in rheumatoid STL (P < 0.05). A significant reduction in the density of the T cell differentiation antigens CD3 and CD4 was observed in RA PBL and STL, compared with control PBL. These differences in antigen density were not seen when normal PBL were subjected to the same enzymatic digestion. Both RA PBL and STL manifested increased expression of HLA–DR antigens, without augmentation of interleukin‐2 receptor expression. Alterations in the expression of the T cell differentiation antigens and activation antigens by patient PBL closely paralleled the abnormalities observed in STL. In contrast, STL of patients with RA exhibited an increase in the expression of the adhesion‐related glycoproteins (leukocyte function‐associated 1 [LFA‐1] and very late activation 1 [VLA‐1] antigens), not observed with autologous PBL. These studies demonstrate that lymphocytes isolated from the synovial tissues of RA patients bear an activated phenotype, exemplified by the modulation of CD3 and CD4 and the expression of HLA‐DR. The enhanced expression of the adhesion molecules LFA‐1 and VLA‐1 by STL may play a role in the localization of these cells to the inflamed synovium.
The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is predicted by rheumatoid factor titer in a longitudinal population study
Authors: Puente Antonio Del , Knowler William C. , Pettitt David J. , Bennett Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRheumatoid factor (RF) is often detected in subjects who do not have rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To determine if the presence of RF is predictive of the development of RA, 2, 712 Pima Indians of Arizona, 20 years of age or older, initially without RA, have been observed for up to 19 years with biennial examinations. These included a medical history, physical examination of the joints, radiographs, and RF determination by sheep cell agglutination test. During the study period, 70 new cases of RA developed. When the population at risk was stratified by RF titer, with reclassification at subsequent examinations if the RF titer changed, the age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence of RA increased with higher titers of RF. The incidence of RA (in cases per 1,000 person‐years) according to RF titer was 2.4 (RF titer <1:2); 6.7 (titer 1:2–1:16); 11.0 (titer 1:32–1:256); and 48.3 (titer >1:256) (P < 0.001). The same trend was also found within each age and sex group, and within groups defined by the number of American Rheumatism Association criteria present before the definite diagnosis. We conclude that the presence of RF, in subjects without RA, is a risk factor for the development of RA, and that this risk is related to the RF titer. It is also suggested that RF may represent a marker of the earliest phases of the pathogenetic process of RA, that may be detectable before the appearance of other features that permit a clinical diagnosis.
Self‐evaluation processes and adjustment to rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Blalock Susan J. , Vellis Brenda Mcevoy De , DeVellis Robert F. , Sauter Suzanne Van H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study we examined whether the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on psychological well‐being is mediated by the way patients evaluate their physical abilities. The primary focus was on patients' satisfaction with their physical abilities and the types of comparisons that patients make between themselves and other people (i.e., social comparisons) when evaluating their abilities. Seventy‐five women with RA were interviewed. Findings indicate that satisfaction with one's physical abilities appears to mediate the relationship between physical and psychological impairment. Furthermore, satisfaction was associated not only with one's abilities per se, but also with the types of comparisons patients made when evaluating their abilities. These findings help explain differences in the levels of psychological well‐being noted among individuals with the same degree of physical impairment.
Effects of recombinant human interleukin‐1β on rabbit articular chondrocytes
Authors: Chin Jia E. , Lin Yuan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing an in vitro model, we characterized the production of prostaglandin E2, 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α, and thromboxane B2 by normal rabbit articular chondrocytes stimulated by interleukin‐1β. The prostanoids were produced in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, which was sensitive to actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Interleukin‐1 also had a pronounced, but reversible, cytostatic effect on chondrocytes, which was not attributable to prostanoid or polyamine synthesis.
Jaw deformity caused by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and its correction
Authors: Myall Robert W. T. , West Roger A. , Horwitz Heidi , Schaller Jane G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn underdeveloped mandible and resulting micrognathia and malocclusion may occur in some children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Combined orthodontic and surgical procedures can now greatly improve esthetics and function in such children. We describe corrective treatment and followup of 7 patients.
Synovial fibroblast‐like cells synthesize seven proteins of the complement system
Authors: Katz Yitzhak , Strunk Robert C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFibroblast‐like cells from synovial tissue obtained during arthroscopy in 4 young adults with recent knee trauma were biosynthetically labeled with 35S‐methionine, and protein production was quantitated by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Synovial fibroblast‐like cells synthesized C1r, C1s, C1 inhibitor, C2, C3, factor B, and factor H, all with the same sizes and subunit structures as the proteins synthesized in skin fibroblasts. The capacity to synthesize these proteins was not lost with passages or freeze‐thawing. Gamma‐interferon stimulation increased synthesis of all 7 proteins. Lipopolysaccharide increased synthesis of only C3 and factor B. Unlike in whole rheumatoid tissue, C4 and C5 were not detected. Synovial lining cells may be an important source of local complement for participation in local defense or development of pathologic states.
Synovial fluid eosinophilia in lyme disease
Authors: Kay Jonathan , Eichenfield Andrew H. , Athreya Balu H. , Doughty Robert A. , Ralph Schumacher H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe three 14‐year‐old boys who developed synovial fluid eosinophilia associated with Lyme disease. One patient, with arthritis that began in 1975, had the first documented case of Lyme disease in New Jersey. Lyme disease should be considered when eosinophilia is noted on analysis of synovial fluid from patients with undiagnosed arthritis.
Plasma and bone osteocalcin levels in rats with type ii collagen—induced arthritis
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi , Shirota Hiroshi , Kuwada Manabu , Terato Kuniaki , Katayama Kouichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOsteocalcin levels in plasma and bone were measured by enzyme immunoassay in rats with arthritis induced by immunization with type II collagen and in untreated control rats. Compared with levels in control rats, the plasma levels of osteocalcin in arthritic rats were markedly decreased 1–3 weeks after immunization; during weeks 8–14, these levels were significantly increased. The osteocalcin content of tarsal bones changed in parallel with the plasma levels. These data suggest that osteocalcin levels in the plasma of arthritic rats reflect alterations in bone formation activity.
A retrospective study of antibodies against basement membrane antigens (type iv collagen and laminin) in patients with primary and secondary raynaud's phenomenon
Authors: Gabrielli Armando , Montroni Maria , Rupoli Serena , Caniglia Maria Luisa , Delustro Frank , Danieli Giovanni 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies against type IV collagen were detected in the sera of 21% of patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) and 68% of patients with systemic sclerosis. Sera from 25% of the PRP patients and 48% of systemic sclerosis patients displayed antibodies to laminin. Eighty percent of the patients with PRP and antibodies to basement membrane antigens developed additional serologic or clinical manifestations, whereas only 16% of patients with PRP and no anti—basement membrane antibodies developed such manifestations.
Quantitative microfocal radiographic assessment of progression in osteoarthritis of the hand
Authors: Buckland‐Wright J. C. , Macfarlane D. G. , Lynch J. A. , Clark B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied 32 patients with osteoarthritis who had 5× macroradiographs taken of their wrists and hands at 6‐month intervals over an 18‐month period. The higher magnification and resolution of microfocal radiography permitted the quantitative detection of progressive changes in 4 different features: subchondral sclerosis, the number and size of osteophytes, juxtaarticular radiolucencies, and joint space narrowing. Compared with normal control subjects, subchondral cortical thickness was greater in all patients at entry and showed a variable degree of change over the study period. Osteophytes and juxtaarticular radiolucencies were present in all patients at study entry; by the end of the study, osteophytes had increased in number and area, and juxtaarticular radiolucencies had increased in area, but not in number. At entry, 44% of the patients had joint space narrowing significantly greater than that in the control subjects; by 18 months, this proportion increased to 65%. No correlation was found between subchondral sclerosis, osteophytes, juxtaarticular radiolucencies, and joint space narrowing. We conclude that in osteoarthritis of the hand, the bony changes have progressed significantly before the occurrence of radio‐graphically evident joint space narrowing indicative of cartilage thinning.
Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate administered by intramuscular and subcutaneous injections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Brooks Paul J. , Spruill William J. , Parish Roy C. , Birchmore Daniel A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe serum concentrations and the pharmacokinetics of low‐dose methotrexate (MTX) were compared after both intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SQ) injections in 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Values for the observed peak concentration, the time to the observed peak concentration, and the area under the time versus concentration curve for IM injections were not significantly different from these values for SQ injections. These results suggest that IM and SQ are interchangeable routes of administration. SQ administration may be a more convenient and less painful way of administering low‐dose MTX.
Antigenicity of a recombinant Ro (SS‐A) fusion protein
Authors: James Judith A. , Daryl Dickey W. , Fujisaku Atsushi , O'Brien Charles A. , Deutscher Susan L. , Keene Jack D. , Harley John B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antigenicity of the 60‐kd human Ro (SS‐A) synthesized in vitro from its complementary DNA as a β‐galactosidase fusion protein (β‐gal—Ro) was evaluated by Western blotting. In this analysis, almost all the anti‐Ro (SS‐A)‐positive sera that bound β‐gal‐Ro also bound affinity‐purified 60‐kd human Ro (SS‐A) (P > 0.005). Three of the 27 anti‐Ro (SS‐A) precipitinpositive sera, however, did not show reactivity on Western blot analysis, which suggests that in some sera, antigenicity to Ro (SS‐A) is destroyed by denaturation. Of the 22 sera that were reactive with β‐gal‐Ro, 2 were not reactive with affinity‐purified human Ro (SS‐A). Two serum samples that did not react with β‐gal‐Ro were also reactive with affinity‐purified human Ro (SS‐A). Nevertheless, except for a small percentage of Ro (SS‐A) precipitin‐positive sera, the frequency of antibody binding to the fusion protein was similar to the frequency of binding to the purified antigen in Western blots. Recombinant Ro (SS‐A) antigen may therefore be valuable in the serologic evaluation of anti‐Ro (SS‐A) autoantibodies.
High prevalence of iga rheumatoid factor in severe polyarticular‐onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, but not in systemic‐onset or pauciarticular‐onset disease
Authors: Walker Sharyn M. , Mccurdy Deborah K. , Shaham Bracha , Brik Riva , Wietting Heidi , Arora Yogesh , Lehman Thomas J. A. , Hanson Virgil , Bernstein Bram 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe presence of IgA rheumatoid factor (IgA‐RF) has been correlated with severe joint disease in adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but IgA‐RF has not been reported in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). In the present study, IgA‐RF was assayed by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and was found in the sera of 14 of 24 children (58%) with active polyarticular JRA. The presence of IgA‐RF correlated with the degree of functional disability. In contrast, IgA‐RF was not found in the sera of systemic‐onset disease patients, regardless of the degree of dysfunction. IgA‐RF was detected in only 1 patient with pauciarticular disease, despite the fact that several patients in this group had severe disease. The presence of IgA‐RF in polyarticular JRA did not correlate with serum IgA levels, but did correlate with the presence and the level of serum IgM‐RF. Thus, the presence of IgA‐RF appears to be specific for polyarticular JRA, and shows a correlation with severe disease in this group.
Cartilage inorganic pyrophosphate elaboration is independent of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis
Authors: Ryan Lawrence M. , Kurup Indira , Mccarty Daniel J. , Cheung Herman S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a product of glycosaminoglycan synthesis, may be cosecreted with matrix proteoglycan to reach the extracellular site where calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals form. To test this hypothesis, sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by articular cartilage in culture was stimulated or inhibited while the effect on extracellular PPi was measured. When stimulated by 0.8 mM xyloside to increase 35SO4 incorporation (mean ± SEM % of control 183 ± 16, n = 5), PPi accumulation changed little (from 54 ± 6 pmoles/mg to 63 ± 8 pmoles/mg of cartilage wet weight). Inhibition of sulfation with monensin or di‐ethylcarbamazine disproportionately lowered 35SO4 incorporation compared with PPi elaboration. Using 60 mM diethylcarbamazine, PPi production was preserved (105 ± 8% mean ± SEM) compared with control cultures, while sulfation was markedly inhibited (7 ± 1%). This dissociation of sulfate incorporation and PPi secretion indicates that it is not likely that glycosaminoglycan sulfation is the source of the PPi that escapes from chondrocytes to participate in the formation of extracellular crystals.
Chronic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome‐associated arthritis: a synovial ultrastructural study
Authors: Bentin Jacques , Feremans Walter , Pasteels Jean‐Lambert , Hauzeur Jean‐Philippe , Menu Roberte , Appelboom Thierry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe a patient who developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome‐related complex, complicated by chronic, symmetric polyarthritis. Synovial biopsy showed large areas of plasma cell infiltration subjacent to the synovial lining. Ultrastructural study demonstrated tubuloreticular structures within endothelial cells, crystal‐like inclusions in plasma cells, and virus‐like particles located around synoviocyte fragments. Although immunologic and morphologic studies did not permit classification of these virus‐like structures, the role of these possible virions in the pathogenesis of the observed synovitis remains to be determined. Surprisingly, the patient's chronic arthritis resolved with anti‐retroviral treatment (azidothymidine; AZT).