bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale analysis of glucocorticoid target genes in rat hypothalamus
Authors: Sato Hirohito , Horikawa Yukio , Iizuka Katsumi , Sakurai Noriko , Tanaka Takeshi , Shihara Nobuyuki , Oshima Akihiko , Takeda Jun , Mikuni Masahiko 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInsufficient glucocorticoid (GC) signaling is frequently observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). Since emotional and behavioral symptoms are often accompanied by disturbances in hypothalamic systems, GC insufficiency in this region is regarded as important in the pathogenesis of MDD. In this study, 22 early GC‐responsive genes comprising 15 up‐regulated and 7 down‐regulated genes in rat hypothalamus were identified as being regulated at least two‐fold by dexamethasone using microarray with 22 599 unique transcripts. Among these 22 genes, five of which are novel GC‐responsive genes, the expression patterns ofsgk,bcl6,pdk4,andplekhf1were examinedin vitroin detail, and GC‐responsive regions were identified only within the promoter ofsgk. This suggests that glucocorticoid response element‐independent pathways also play a critical role in early GC‐response in hypothalamus. Considering that a number of these GC‐responsive genes are candidate neuronal regulators, this gene list should be useful in clarifying the relationship between GC insufficiency and the pathogenesis of MDD.
Differential regulation of sphingomyelin synthesis and catabolism in oligodendrocytes and neurons
Authors: Kilkus John P. , Goswami Rajendra , Dawson Sylvia A. , Testai Fernando D. , Berdyshev Eugeny V. , Han Xianlin , Dawson Glyn 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNeurons (both primary cultures of 3‐day rat hippocampal neurons and embryonic chick neurons) rapidly converted exogenous NBD‐sphingomyelin (SM) to NBD‐Cer but only slowly converted NBD‐Cer to NBD‐SM. This was confirmed by demonstrating low in vitro sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) and high sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity in neurons. Similar results were observed in a human neuroblastoma cell line (LA‐N‐5). In contrast, primary cultures of 3‐day‐old rat oligodendrocytes only slowly converted NBD‐SM to NBD‐Cer but rapidly converted NBD‐Cer to NBD‐SM. This difference was confirmed by high in vitro SMS and low SMase activity in neonatal rat oligodendrocytes. Similar results were observed in a human oligodendroglioma cell line. Mass‐Spectrometric analyses confirmed that neurons had a low SM/Cer ratio of (1.5 : 1) whereas oligodendroglia had a high SM/Cer ratio (9 : 1). Differences were also confirmed by [3H]palmitate‐labeling of ceramide, which was higher in neurons compared with oligodendrocytes. Stable transfection of human oligodendroglioma cells with neutral SMase, which enhanced the conversion of NBD‐SM to NBD‐Cer and increased cell death, whereas transfection with SMS1 or SMS2 enhanced conversion of NBD‐Cer to NBD‐SM and was somewhat protective against cell death. Thus, SMS rather than SMases may be more important for sphingolipid homeostasis in oligodendrocytes, whereas the reverse may be true for neurons.
The roles of membrane estrogen receptor subtypes in modulating dopamine transporters in PC‐12 cells
Authors: Alyea Rebecca A. , Laurence Stephanie E. , Kim Sung H. , Katzenellenbogen Benita S. , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Watson Cheryl S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe effects of 17β‐estradiol (E2) on dopamine (DA) transport could explain gender and life‐stage differences in the incidence of some neurological disorders. We tested the effects of E2 at physiological concentrations on DA efflux in nerve growth factor‐differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells that express estrogen receptors (ER) α, ERβ, and G‐protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), and DA transporter (DAT). DAT efflux was determined as the transporter‐specific loss of 3H‐DA from pre‐loaded cells; a 9–15 min 10−9 M E2 treatment caused maximal DA efflux. Such rapid estrogenic action suggests a non‐genomic response, and an E2‐dendrimer conjugate (limited to non‐nuclear actions) caused DA efflux within 5 min. Efflux dose–responses for E2 were non‐monotonic, also characteristic of non‐genomic estrogenic actions. ERα siRNA knockdown abolished E2‐mediated DA efflux, while ERβ knockdown did not, and GPR30 knockdown increased E2‐mediated DA efflux (suggesting GPR30 is inhibitory). Use of ER‐selective agonists/antagonists demonstrated that ERα is the predominant mediator of E2‐mediated DA efflux, with inhibitory contributions from GPR30 and ERβ. E2 also caused trafficking of ERα to the plasma membrane, trafficking of ERβ away from the plasma membrane, and unchanged membrane GPR30 levels. Therefore, ERα is largely responsible for non‐genomic estrogenic effects on DAT activity.
Evaluation of mitral regurgitation by pulmonary venous blood flow patterns. Relation to angiographic and haemodynamic parameters in subgroups of patients
Authors: Teien D. , Holm S. , Karp K. 
Published: May 2008

Summary. Objectives: to study the relationship between pulmonary venous systolic flow fraction (PVSFfr) recorded using pulsed Doppler transesophageal echocardiography and angiographic grading and haemodynamic parameters in subgroups of patients with mitral regurgitation.Background: reversed systolic pulmonary venous flow is a sensitive sign of severe mitral regurgitation. Scarse data are available regarding the effects of atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease.Methods: PVSFfr was calculated as the systolic flow velocity integral divided by the total inflow integral. PVSFfr is negative when systolic flow is dominantly reversed. 111 patients were studied.Results: PVSFfr<0 was 91% sensitive for angiographic severe mitral regurgitation (MR) (specificity 75%). In patients with sinus rhytm and without coronary artery disease the sensivity was 100% and specificity was 86% (n= 25). PVSFfr correlated to angiographic grade (r= ‐0.63, P= 0.0001), mean PCW (r= ‐0.63, P= 0.0001), v‐wave (r=‐0.72, P= 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (r= 0.28, P= 0.003) and left atrial diameter (r= ‐0.42, P= 0.0001) (n= 111). Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed the v‐wave, angiographic grading, left atrial diameter and systolic blood pressure to be independent predictors of PVSFfr. Subgroup analysis revealed a correlation (r= 0.85, n= 25) between angiographic grading and PVSFfr in patients with sinus rhythm without CAD and (r= 0.35, n= 23) in patients with CAD in atrial fibrillation.Conclusions: PVSFfr is valuable in assessing mitral regurgitation. In the presence of atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease the correlation with angiographic grading decreases indicating the dynamic nature of this valvular lesion.
Effect of β‐blocking agents with and without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity on work efficiency in healthy men
Authors: Mäki T. , Näveri H , Leinonen H , Sovijärvi A 
Published: May 2008

Summary. In order to evaluate the effect of β‐blocking agents with and without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) on work efficiency in healthy subjects, we studied the haemodynamic and gas exchange parameters, as well as blood lactate concentrations, during a graded maximal bicycle exercise test performed after perorally given propranolol (PRO) and pindolol (PIN) in seven healthy men. The medications (PRO: 80 mg X 2/day, PIN: 10 mg X 2/day, for seven days) were given in a placebo (PLA) controlled, double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over fashion.Both the drugs reduced heart rate and blood pressure during exercise equally compared with the placebo. The oxygen uptake at submaximal work loads, as well as at the maximum, was constantly and equally reduced by PRO and PIN compared with PLA. The anaerobic threshold was reached at a slightly lower oxygen uptake for both the drugs compared with the placebo (P < 0.05). No significant difference was, however, observed in the work levels at which the ventilatory anaerobic threshold was reached. Moreover, the gross efficiency, i.e. the amount of work performed at a certain energy consumption level (aerobic+anaerobic), was increased by both PRO (26.7 ± 0.5%, P < 0.02 vs PLA: 24–7 ± 0.5%) and PIN (26.5 ± 0–5%, P < 0.05 vs PLA) at a submaximal work load of 240 W.The results indicate that β‐blocking agents propranolol and pindolol slightly and equally reduce maximal work performance, but increase the efficiency of submaximal work in a way that a certain amount of external work can be done with smaller consumption of oxygen. These findings may contribute to the benefit of β‐blocking agents in patients with coronary heart disease.
Do attributions mediate the association between attachment and negative couple communication?
Authors: PEARCE ZOE J. , HALFORD W. KIM 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study explored whether attributions for negative partner behavior mediate the association between insecure attachment and negative couple communication, using both self‐report and observational data. A sample of 59 married and cohabiting Australian couples completed self‐report measures of attachment, attributions, and communication; were videotaped participating in two 10‐min problem‐solving discussions; and were assessed on their attributions during the discussions using video‐mediated recall. Multilevel modeling found that female attachment insecurity was the most consistent predictor of self‐reported and observed couple communication, and negative attributions mediated the association between attachment and self‐reported couple communication. These findings suggested that attachment insecurity increased the likelihood that negative attributions were generated, which, in some cases, then influenced the style of communication each partner reported.
Self‐ and maternal representations, relatedness patterns, and problem behavior in middle childhood
Authors: WANIEL ARIELA , BESSER AVI , PRIEL BEATRIZ 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated the association between children’s representations of their mothers’ and teachers’ reports of children’s problem behavior. The research team conducted semistructured narrative interviews with a community sample of 203 Israeli 9‐ to 11‐year‐old children. Ten months later, researchers collected teachers’ reports of children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. This study investigated whether children’s self‐representation narratives and their maladaptive relatedness stances questionnaire scores mediated this association. Results indicated that children reporting benevolent representations of their mothers exhibited lower levels of problem behavior. More positive self‐representations and lower levels of skewness in children’s relatedness stances to their mothers both mediated this association. This article includes a discussion of these results in light of factors contributing to maladjustment in middle childhood.
Family rituals in married couples: Links with attachment, relationship quality, and closeness
Authors: CRESPO CARLA , DAVIDE ISABEL N. , COSTA M. EMILIA , FLETCHER GARTH J. O. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study examined the association between self‐reports of family rituals and relationship attachment, relationship quality, and closeness in 150 married couples in Portugal. Using structural equation modeling to examine both within‐individual and across‐partner effects, the results were generally as predicted. First, lower levels of avoidant attachment were related to greater family investment in rituals. Second, greater family investment in rituals was associated with more positive relationship quality and closeness. Third, family investment in rituals partially mediated the link between avoidance and relationship quality and closeness. Fourth, the mediational models were significant for women but not for men. These results highlight the importance of links among family interactions, couple interactions, and individual differences.
How was your day? Couples’ affect when telling and hearing daily events
Authors: HICKS ANGELA M. , DIAMOND LISA M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study examined day‐to‐day mood changes associated with disclosure of positive and stressful events as affect regulation within couples. In daily diaries, 48 couples cohabiting in the United States reported whether they told their partner about the most positive and stressful event of their day. Participants reported greater positive affect on days when they told their partner about the most positive event of their day. This effect was less pronounced among avoidant women. Participants also reported greater positive affect on days when their partner shared their most positive event. Sharing about stressors was not associated with greater negative affect. These findings underscore the importance of investigating affect regulation processes such as daily event disclosures from a dyadic perspective.
The impact of imagined audiences on self‐appraisals
Authors: SCHLENKER BARRY R. , WOWRA SCOTT A. , JOHNSON RYAN M. , MILLER MARISA L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe concept of the relational self suggests that simply imagining significant others produces shifts in self‐assessments consistent with one’s roles and experiences with those others. To test relevant hypotheses, college women (from the United States) imagined a significant other as part of a visualization task. After imagining parents as compared to peers, participants described themselves as less sensual, dominant, and adventurous (Experiment 1), a pattern consistent with other women’s ratings of how they actually felt with those others. Supporting the idea that self‐esteem differences emerge in more evaluative contexts, self‐esteem moderated self‐assessments on key dimensions (Experiment 2). After imagining a romantic other but not a best friend, self‐esteem was directly related to women’s self‐ratings of sensuality, physical attractiveness, and being at ease.
From bottega to studio
Authors: Bauer Linda 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe changing conception of the artist that occurred during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has been recognized in various ways. This article seeks to argue that it may be seen in the language used to describe artists’ working spaces. Typically lacking any precise differentiation in the inventories of painters’ estates that enumerate the contents of their dwellings room by room, the language for these spaces undergoes a change in the more rhetorically shaped literature on art. First sporadically, then strikingly, the word ‘bottega’ with its unwanted commercial connotations is abandoned and, before ‘studio’ comes to take its place, the word ‘stanza’– simply space or room – is used as a more neutral, less problematic word, even for multiple spaces. Entailed in this usage is both the concern for the status of the artist and the introduction of new social practices into a definition of the artist's workplace that had been largely economic.
The Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence in Older Women: Incidence, Progression, and Remission
Authors: Lifford Karen L. , Townsend Mary K. , Curhan Gary C. , Resnick Neil M. , Grodstein Francine 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVES: To examine the epidemiology of urinary incontinence (UI) in older women.DESIGN: Prospective study.SETTING: Nurses' Health Study.PARTICIPANTS: Incidence of UI was determined in 23,792 women aged 54 to 79 without UI at baseline. Progression or remission of UI was determined in 28,813 women with UI at least monthly at baseline.MEASUREMENTS: UI was ascertained according to questionnaires in 2000 and 2002. Rates of incident UI and progression or remission of prevalent UI were calculated. Logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks of UI associated with risk factors.RESULTS: In women with no urine leakage at baseline, 9.2% reported leakage at least monthly after 2 years. For women with leakage at least weekly, the incidence was 3.6%; of these cases, stress UI had the highest incidence, followed by mixed and urge UI. Relationships between UI and age differed for stress UI, which decreased with age (relative risk (RR)=0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.43–0.92 for aged 70–79 vs 54–59), and urge and mixed UI, which increased with age (RR=2.28, 95% CI=1.09–4.75 and RR=2.11, 95% CI=1.24–3.61, respectively). For prevalent UI in 2000, 32.1% of subjects with leakage once a month progressed to leakage at least once a week over follow‐up. Only 8.9% with frequent leakage in 2000 reported improvement to monthly leakage or less, with 2.0% having complete remission.CONCLUSION: The incidence of UI is high in older women, and progression from occasional to frequent leaking is common. Urge UI, for which there are limited effective treatments, increases with age, thus research on UI prevention in older women is particularly important.
Scholarship in Emergency Medicine in an Environment of Increasing Clinical Demand: Proceedings from the 2007 Association of American Medical Colleges Annual Meeting
Authors: Schrader Chet , Barsan William G. , Gordon James A. , Hollander Judd , King Brent R. , Lewis Roger , Richardson Lynne D. , Sklar David 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAcademic emergency medicine can benefit by broadening the way in which scholarship is defined to include teaching, integration of knowledge, application of knowledge to practical clinical problems and as discovery of new knowledge. A broad view of scholarship will help foster innovation and may lead to new areas of expertise. The creation of a scholarly environment in emergency medicine faces the continued challenge of an increasing clinical demand. The solution to this dilemma will likely require a mix of clinical staff physicians and academic faculty who are appreciated, nurtured and rewarded in different ways, for the unique contributions they make to the overall success of the academic program.
Who Can Speak for the Emergently Ill? Testing a Method to Identify Communities and Their Leaders
Authors: Merchant Raina M. , Rubright Jonathan D. , Pryor John P. , Karlawish Jason H. T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires researchers to consult with the community prior to conducting research with exception from informed consent, but little is known about whether people support this and, if they do, who researchers should consult. We sought to determine if people could identify communities and leaders of those communities who researchers should consult with to represent their views about research that requires an exception from informed consent.Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional interview study using a convenience sample of patients seeking care in an urban emergency department (ED) to determine if people belonged to specific communities and, if they did, if they could identify communities and leaders appropriate for consultation. Descriptive statistics were used to represent our findings.Results: Most of the 262 participants approached for the study completed the interview (199; 76%). Of those interviewed, 122 (61%) were African American, 54 (27%) were white, 83 (42%) were male, and the mean (±standard deviation [SD]) age was 36.2 ± 14.4 years. Most, (194; 97%), identified that they belonged to a community and most (177; 89%), said that researchers could consult at least one of their communities for consultation about an exception from informed consent study. Participants typically named geographic and religious‐affiliated communities and leaders as appropriate for consultation.Conclusion: Most participants identified a community and a leader of that community who researchers could consult about research with exception from informed consent. Geographic and faith‐based organizations could play an important role in consultation.
Therapeutic Effects and Anti‐inflammatory Mechanisms of Heparin on Acute Lung Injury in Rabbits
Authors: Wang Meitang , He Jian , Mei Bin , Ma Xiuqiang , Huo Zhenglu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives:  The objectives were to investigate the potential beneficial effects and molecular mechanisms of heparin and low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) on acute lung injury (ALI).Methods:  Forty‐eight rabbits were randomized into four groups: normal control group (Group A), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (Group B), LPS + heparin group (Group C), and LPS + LMWH group (Group D). The rabbit ALI model was established by intravenous (IV) injection with LPS. Alveolar–arterial O2 difference (PA‐aO2), serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), circulating p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) levels, lung nuclear factor (NF)‐κB levels, and lung dry/wet (D/W) ratio were measured, and the lung injury scores were calculated.Results:  Lipopolysaccharide caused significant increases in PA‐aO2, serum TNF‐α, expression of p38 MAPK in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), the lung injury scores, and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity in the lung tissue and caused a decrease in lung D/W ratio. A positive linear correlation was found between p38 MAPK and TNF‐α at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours (r = 0.68, 0.92, 0.93, and 0.93, respectively) and between NF‐κB and p38 MAPK and TNF‐α at 6 hours (r = 0.94 and 0.83, respectively). IV heparin or LMWH given after LPS treatment attenuated these changes in inflammatory response, oxygenation, p38 MAPK expression, and NF‐κB activation.Conclusions:  The anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of heparin in ALI may be inhibiting p38 MAPK and NF‐κB activities, and then TNF‐α overexpression, thus alleviating the inflammatory reaction.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2008; 15:1–8 © 2008 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Start making scents: the challenge of integrating chemistry into pollination ecology
Authors: Raguso Robert A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAlthough research on plant volatiles and pollination ecology has grown explosively over the past 15 years, there remains little dialogue between these fields. Here I examine the historical and cultural reasons for this impasse, focusing on the ways that questions in each field are addressed, and the potential for productive cross‐talk. The specialization–generalization debate in pollination has cast doubt on the importance of sensory biology in mediating plant–pollinator interactions on the community scale. However, chemical ‘filters’ of volatile or nectar‐borne repellents are likely to explain the absence of specific interactions in plant–pollinator webs. In addition, the omission of plant volatiles from path analyses measuring the relative impacts of herbivores and pollinators on plant fitness may be one reason for large unexplained variance terms in such models. Floral scent functions in concert with visual and gustatory cues by attracting pollinators from a distance, increasing approaches and landings, and mediating outcrossing rates through changes in visitation frequency and duration. All dimensions of floral chemistry, including ontogenetic and diel variation in scent emissions, have the potential to respond to balancing selection between herbivores and pollinators. The available data reveal that chemical aspects of floral phenotypes are important across the specialization–generalization spectrum, and thus are widely applicable to mainstream pollination ecology.