bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing and Delivering and Data Literacy
Authors: Yates Simeon , Carmi Elinor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we present our own work on developing the idea of Data Literacy and reflect on the potential to develop democratic education for data citizenship. In our work we link ideas from Dewey (New Republic 61:294–296, 1930) and Freire (Pedagogy of the oppressed (revised). Continuum, 1970/1996), with ideas from Nussbaum (Int Stud Rev 4(2), 123–135, 2002) and Sen (The idea of justice. Harvard University Press, 2009), to consider how we move towards a more just datafied society (see Carmi E, Yates S, Int J Commun 17:3619–3637, 2023). We argue that Data Literacy and Data Citizenship interventions need to build on a deep understanding of their audience and their journey towards greater data citizenship and awareness of issues in our datafied society. The chapter sets out seven principles for the development of Data Literacy and data citizenship support interventions and explores approaches to their development.
Dirt Tracks off the Superhighway: How COVID Widened the Digital Gap for Remote First Nations communities in Australia
Authors: Featherstone Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter outlines findings from a 2020 review of the impact of telecommunications infrastructure programs on internet access in Australia’s remote Indigenous communities (RICs) and outstanding needs. This review was undertaken for the Australian Communications Consumer Action Network (ACCAN) about 6 months after the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. The review outlined over $155 million of investment in telecommunications infrastructure in RICS by governments and industry over the last 5 years. However, it found that significant gaps in access and usage of communications technologies remained due to issues of affordability, lack of last mile delivery or community access facilities, service quality and congestion, and barriers to using online services. Some communities have chosen to not accept infrastructure due to concerns around cyber-safety, potential impacts on cultural and social cohesion, and ongoing costs of services and maintenance. Without a coordinated digital inclusion strategy in place to address these barriers, there is currently a patchwork of solutions. The chapter concludes by outlining the report’s recommendations and noting subsequent policy efforts to address the growing digital divide for First Nations people in Australia, including establishing a target to close the digital inclusion gap.
Creating Creativity for Future-Proofing Digital Engagement, an Evidence Based Approach
Authors: Barnard Josie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCreativity may be the single most important skill in our increasingly ‘online’ society. Pre-Covid, it had already been established that creativity is key to the acquisition of ‘future-proofing’ digital skills. Through 2020 and 2021, ‘lockdowns’ forced by the Covid pandemic brought wider attention to the value of creativity in the context of digital upskilling – but what exactly is ‘creativity’ in this context, and, how can it be enabled with measurable effectiveness? These questions are the subject of this chapter, which makes three main contributions to the understanding of how digital skills are acquired and developed. Firstly, in presenting findings from a small-scale longitudinal study that was conducted May 2020–May 2021 during Covid lockdowns, it provides evidence that creativity can be deployed to enable ‘future-proofing’ (i.e. sustainable and resilient) digital skills acquisition. Secondly, in a theory and policy context in which it is known in general terms that creativity is important but specificity regarding how is lacking, it provides emergent findings that improve understanding of the role of creativity in digital skills acquisition and retention. Thirdly, it presents a new theoretical position on the role of creativity in developing resilience in the digital sphere, with associated policy implications.
Introduction
Authors: Takabe Hideaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA brief overview of the fluid model to describe most of the plasmas is given. Assuming the velocity distributions of electrons and ions are shifted Maxwellian distribution, plasmas can be described with fluid approximation regardless they are collisional or collisionless. The time evolution of laser plasmas is described with the fluid model with non-ideal equation of state, non-local electron transport, radiation transport, and so on. Modeling atomic state of plasma, effective charge, spectral opacity, and emissivity are calculated to couple with the energy equation of the electron fluid. As a reference to the plasma physics explained in this book, the physics scenario of laser fusion dynamics is used to know what kinds of physics become to couple from laser absorption to the fusion energy production through the implosion dynamics.It is emphasized that the development of a physics-integrated code is important to study such laser-produced plasmas. Along with the advancement of technology for diagnostics and lasers, the analysis of the experimental data has helped the improvement of the physics models by comparing the experimental data to the corresponding simulations. Considering the technically limited number of implosion experiments with a huge laser facility, the advancement of the physics-integrated codes is becoming the main issue to increase the quality of analysis and design for better performance experiments. The progress of computer performance and advancement of experiments are now non-separable in complicated nonlinear systems such as plasma physics even within the hydrodynamic modeling of plasmas.
Self-Similar Solutions of Compressible Fluids
Authors: Takabe Hideaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStrong shock waves are used to compress and heat any matters in the laboratory. The ablation pressure by intense laser is used to compress even solid matters. In plane geometry, it is easier to design multi-shocks to compress the matters, while it is more beneficial to use the spherical compression. No simple solutions are available to know the trajectories of shocks in one-dimensional spherical symmetry. Here we see several analytical solutions with the self-similar method. The method is to find new governing solution of ordinary differential equation from partial differential fluid equations. The self-similar method is known before the birth of computer.The blast wave is the most famous one. Here, we review the basic method to derive several self-similar solutions allowing the spherical implosion, useful to laser driven implosion. The isobaric solution provides uniform pressure and spark-main fuel structure, and isochoric solution gives us uniform density profile at the maximum compression. It is shown that even including thermal conduction, it is possible to find a solution of ablation structure. This is an extended solution more appropriate compared to the steady state solutions shown in the previous chapter.The blast waves are widely used from laser experiments to supernova remnants (SNRs). SNRs are blast waves driven by the matters exploding by supernova explosion. A self-similar solution with forward and reverse shock waves is found to explain many observation data of SNRs. A numerical simulation shows that the solution of ejecta-driven shock changes from Chevalier’s self-similar solution to the other Sedov-Taylor one. The self-similarity is one of the key physics controlling nonlinear hydrodynamic equations.
Opacity and Radiation Transport
Authors: Takabe Hideaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen an intense laser is irradiated on medium and high Z materials, large amount of energy is converted to x-rays and transported as radiation in plasmas. The same kind of transport equation as the electrons should be solved for the radiation energy spectrum. The tuff issue for the case of non-local electron transport modeling was the inclusion of the effect of electric and magnetic fields. Instead, the photons can be assumed to travel with straight path, while the problem is physical modeling of opacity, especially when the plasma is partially ionized and line radiation transport is important. So, the modeling of spectral opacity and emissivity of partially ionized plasma becomes challenging. It has been studied for a long time in astrophysics regarding the evolution of stars etc. More challenging point in laser plasma is caused by the fact that the plasma is small but high-density, so that the laser plasma is optically thick in some case. With intense lasers, spectral opacity has been studied experimentally and opacity codes have been improved. Finally, neutrino transport in gravitationally-collapsing supernovae is also explained as a topic that the hydrodynamic instability is strongly affected by local and non-local transport by neutrino.
Physical of Warm Dense Matters
Authors: Takabe Hideaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractContinuous progress of compute capability, DFT has been used to study complicated physics of warm-dense matter (WDM) to compared to a variety of experimental results in laboratories obtained by compression and heating of solids with intense lasers. The phase transition of insulator-metal of hydrogen is now hot topics in high-pressure physics (HPP). Advancement of laser technology and diagnostics have made such challenging subjects as precision science.In twenty-first century, x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities have been constructed as users’ facility. XFEL is new method to precision diagnostics of dense matters via x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS). For bridging the experiment and theory to analyze XRTS data, Chihara formulated scattering spectra by decomposing three dynamical structure factors (DSF). Now, time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) is also solved with supercomputer to apply laser-matter interaction in quantum world.In this chapter, whole stories and models are explained and some examples are explained regarding the application to analyze experimental data obtained with intense lasers and XFEL.
The Implementation of Critical Thinking Skills in American Curriculum Schools in Sharjah: A Study on Science Teachers’ Approach and Academic Standards
Authors: El-Gazzar Heba , Forawi Sufian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the science teachers apply critical thinking in their classrooms in some of American schools in Sharjah. In the modern days, the attention towards critical thinking skills is massive. For so many years it’s been acknowledged as a central objective in the field of education. The academic standards in various subjects including math, science, and social studies give significance to several connections between critical thinking and the content of the core curriculum, guiding the students in a more superior way. This research study was aspired to delve into the approach of in-service science teachers regarding the implementation and utilization of critical thinking attributes in science classes that apply the NGSS science academic content standards in some American curriculum schools in Sharjah (UAE). In this quantitative study, twenty science teachers responded and volunteered from various schools in Sharjah. A large diversity of standards was attended by science teachers in place of needing critical thinking skills in the face of the fact that a lot of others were contemplated to be inadequate. The scheme concerned with standards perceived high in comparison to critical thinking in science. However, the standards of the science content conceded the minimal amount.
Investigating the Food Waste Status in the Hospitality Sector of the Emirate of Dubai-UAE
Authors: Sadeh Reham Zeyad , Abu Hijleh Bassam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSaving natural resources to sustain a better future for the generations requires focusing mainly on the three pillars of a sustainable society; the social, economic and environmental. In 2015, the world was united to set international goals to reduce the recent, global problems affecting these pillars; the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Goal number 12 focuses on making consumption and production reasonable to lower the use of natural resources and decrease the waste generated consequently. The food loss and waste problem has been the focus of individuals and governments in the last few years as it affects the sustainable vision of the countries. Tackling this issue needs the united efforts of the private and public sectors and is considered under goal SDG 12.3. Food loss is defined as the decrease in food amounts before consumption, mostly in developing countries. While food waste focuses on food thrown out after consumption, left intentionally or thrown away, and mostly in developed countries. The UAE has one of the highest per capita amounts of food waste yearly, around 224 kg. Thus, efforts to tackle the problem have to start, this is in alignment with achieving international targets like SDG 12.3 and national ones such as “Zero Hunger” by 2051. Huge efforts and initiatives in the country are established, mainly focusing on recovering food waste through banks, composting and animal feeds. However, source reduction is considered the top priority in solving the food waste problem. This paper suggests topics to fill the theoretical gap, which was confirmed to be lacking in the country, in finding the causes and drivers of food waste in the hospitality sector of Dubai.
Estimating the Reliability of the Inspection System Employed for Detecting Defects in Rail Track Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves
Authors: Khalil Abdelgalil , Masurkar Faeez , Abdul-Ameer A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work focuses on the implementation of a data-based method to determine the inspection system reliability in terms of detecting different types of damages in rail tracks using ultrasonic-guided Rayleigh waves and a probability of detection (POD) technique. In this study, the reliability is tested against a surface crack (SC) and sub-surface damage – a through-side thickness hole (TSTH). The guided Rayleigh waves are generated using a custom-designed sensor that excites Rayleigh surface waves in the specimen and the propagating waves are sensed on the rail track surface. The wedge shape design of the sensor helps to excite a specific ultrasonic mode in the sample thereby hindering the ultrasonic energy of other coupled guided waves that can propagate simultaneously and the wedge angle is determined according to Snell’s law relying on the wave velocity of Rayleigh wave and bulk longitudinal wave. The guided wave responses as a function of varying severity of defects are obtained through a simulation study after the verification of the obtained guided wave responses with the help of an experimental study. A damage index (DI) is defined depending on defect size that gives the trend of damage severity from the captured ultrasonic responses and for monitoring defects in the rail track. This DI is eventually fed into the POD model to determine the probability of defect detection which in turn helps determine the inspection system reliability. The POD method also helps to study the critical design parameters that could affect or improve crack detection results.Purpose – To determine the reliability of inspection system deployed for interrogating health status of rail track.Methodology – Employing the Probability of detection technique for determining how reliable the inspection system is in detecting the health status of the rail track specimen using the ultrasonic guided waves.Findings – It has been found that the proposed inspection system is >90% reliable in detecting defects.Implications – This methodology can help maintenance engineers to make an informed decision on their developed technique for investigating the health status of the rail track sample.Originality/ value – 13%.
The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Teachers’ Performance in the UAE
Authors: Salameh Nahida , Benkohila Nora 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJob satisfaction greatly affects job performance. This is of a prodigious value in education as the teachers’ performance impacts the quality of education and thus the Human Development Index (HDI) of the nation.Purpose: to investigate the effect of job satisfaction on the performance of teachers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) utilizing a scale that was used in business management previously.Methodology: The research used a quantitative empirical method, whereby the impact of the independent variable (teachers’ satisfaction) was measured on the dependent variable (teachers’ performance). The data used was primary data collected via a survey distributed to a convenient sample. Respondents included 112 teachers working in UAE. SPSS application was used for data analysis. Reliability, factor analysis and construct validity were tested, and shown adequate sample and reliable tool. Regression model was applied, in order to test the two developed hypotheses.Findings: revealed that job satisfaction is associated with job performance among teachers.Implications: Results may help decision makers to enhance the teachers’ satisfaction in order to improve teachers’ performance.
Durability Design Approach and Exposure Conditions in Eurocode, British Standard and ISO 13823 Standards: A Review
Authors: Al-Haddad Diala Basim , Jokhio Gul Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeveral incidents of early deterioration of reinforced concrete structures have been reported in recent years. Consequently, the critical demand to incorporate durability in the structural design and construction approach has emerged. As a result, durability design provisions in many countries’ standards have gotten increasingly stringent. In the absence of clear standard guidelines for design engineers, insufficient design and failures or an expensive over-design to provide for the worst-case scenario may occur. This paper compares and critically reviews the durability design requirements and provisions in the Eurocode, British standards, and ISO standards and proposes improvements that will contribute to the development of the coming generation of these documents. The review revealed similarities in the durability design approach, exposure conditions, and design requirements in the Eurocode code and British standard, whereas the ISO 13823 approach is different. The studied documents’ durability provisions are comprehensive, detailed, and well-defined. Nevertheless, several provisions require to be revised to avoid misinterpretation by the code practitioners and to ensure an economically conservative durable design.
Impact of Innovative Lighting Strategies on the Performance of Workplace Environment
Authors: Tobeishat Reema A. , Sheta Wael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInnovative lighting layouts ILS is crucial in the office environment, with a significant impact on occupants’ well-being, visual quality, and saving energy consumption. A technical understanding of light sources and performance is vital in lighting design. Open office lighting settings varies from small areas based on light quantity, fixed approach (recessed/suspended), and layout, affecting illuminance lx-level and visual quality. This study evaluates minimalist lighting conditions and identifies the most efficient solution for uniformity in a workspace. It focuses on specific zones (accent light seating zone, task area, and circulation zones). Considering many factors, such as luminaire type, layout distribution, and quantity, influence illuminance levels and visual quality. The aim is to establish various innovative lighting layouts for multiple tasks in an open office, and identify key factors enhancing illuminance levels, distribution uniformity, and energy efficiency. This work utilizes Dialux-evo 10 simulation software to develop various strategies using different minimalist luminaires shapes, quantities, and layout distributions within an existing office in Masdar City, UAE to improve visual workspace performance. Two-strategies have created, analyzing current conditions and evaluating proposed lighting concepts by installing various artificial lighting types and designing different layouts for each workspace independently. The results emphasize the importance of different factors such-as light efficacy and fixed lighting approach in achieving required illuminance levels. The visual impact of each workspace is influenced by lighting uniformity, color, and distribution, a CRI of 80 or higher is preferred for accurate color representation. The type, quantity, and arrangement of luminaires play a crucial role in the overall visual outcome. The linear arrangement with batwing-shaped distribution Scenario-C achieves an acceptable illuminance level of 565lx, resulting in a reduction of approximately 10.9% compared to the regular arrangement of the base case.
Highlighting the Impacts of Parents’ Beliefs on Students’ Education
Authors: Alahmad Alaaeddin , Hussin Mohamad , Sapar Ahmad Arifin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurpose- To highlight the impacts of parents’ beliefs on students’ education due to the dearth of such studies in the field of education.Methodology- A sequential mixed-method approach was utilised, where quantitative data were collected and analysed, and then triangulated with qualitative data. The study employed a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews completed by 51 and nine parents, respectively. Convenience sampling was used.Findings- The obtained data showed that parents’ beliefs play a key role in students’ education, as these beliefs are associated with parents’ expectations regarding their children. Moreover, parents’ beliefs function as a guide for their children’s efforts and endeavours.Implications- This study recommends that increasing parental awareness regarding their role in their children’s education would be an effective strategy that would provide students with an enhanced learning environment.Originality/value- This study is considered of great value as it urges policy makers and leaders to increase investment in the parents’ role in students’ education.
Establishing a Guideline and Decision-Making Approach for UAE Solar Assets Waste Management by Utilizing PVsyst
Authors: Al−Ali Amel Khalid Ali , Abdul-Ameer Alaa , Touqan Basim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research studies the PV solar panels waste with respect to their end-of-life EOL management for PV assets installed in a solar park in the UAE. The lack of thorough worldwide rules and frameworks that direct decision-making in connection to the disposal of photovoltaic (PV) panel waste, as well as the insufficient research on the management of such waste, are the driving forces behind this study. The study aims to address this gap by identifying the factors affecting the performance and efficiency of PV systems, specifically in UAE, a country known for its extremely hot and dry climate, and establish an evaluation approach and guidelines. PVsyst simulation software was utilized for the purpose of system performance analysis and to provide support in the decision-making process by adhering to specifically designed technical flowcharts. The fundamental performance-related parameters of the PV panels, coupled with meteorological information, were determined as important elements for assessing the general performance. The study also identified the main instruments used to make end-of-life (EOL) decisions. The results reveal that the photovoltaic (PV) system at the UAE solar park completed its end of life coupled with an 80% PR ratio sooner than anticipated, with 22 years as compared to the manufacturer's expected 25 years. This leads to the conclusion that installing photovoltaic (PV) panels in hot climates regions accelerates the degradation of the PV panels. The study provides a clear understanding of the circumstances that cause PV systems to fail earlier than expected and consequently introduce more waste to the environment.