bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-World Effectiveness of Ustekinumab in Ulcerative Colitis in a United States Multicenter Cohort Consortium
Authors: Yarur Andres J , Ungaro Ryan , Huang Katherine , Wang Wenfei , Sasankan Priya , Zulqarnain Mir , Johnson Amanda M , Bader Geoffrey , Kay Carl , Costable Nicholas , Dulaney David , Fenster Marc , Beniwal-Patel Poonam , Syal Gaurav , Patel Anish , Loftus Jr Edward , Pekow Joel , Cohen Benjamin , Deepak Parakkal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Pivotal trials have shown that ustekinumab is effective in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the population included in these trials do not represent the cohort of patients treated in the real world. In this study, we aimed to describe the effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in a clinical cohort of patients with UC.

Methods
We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study and included patients with active UC starting ustekinumab. Variables collected included demographics, clinical data, and disease activity (measured using partial Mayo score [PMS] and endoscopic Mayo score) at follow-up. The primary outcomes were cumulative rates of steroid-free clinical and biochemical remission (SFCBR), defined as a PMS &lt;2 while off steroids and a normal C-reactive protein and/or fecal calprotectin.

Results
A total of 245 patients met inclusion criteria. The median time of follow-up was 33 (interquartile range, 17-53) weeks, and 214 (87.3%) had previous exposure to a biologic and/or tofacitinib. Rates of SFCBR, clinical remission, and endoscopic remission at 6 and 12 months were 12.0% (n = 16 of 139), 29.0% (n = 71 of 175), and 18.0% (n = 7 of 39), and 23.8% (n = 15 of 63), 54.3% (n = 57 of 105), and 31.0% (n = 9 of 29), respectively. Non-Hispanic White race, higher baseline PMS, and the use of concomitant corticosteroids were independently associated with failure to achieve SFCBR. Of the 73 that were dose escalated, 28.4% did not respond, 49.3% experienced a benefit, and 21.6% achieved remission.

Conclusions
In a population enriched with refractory UC, ustekinumab was well tolerated and induced remission in a significant number of patients. Larger studies with a longer follow-up are warranted.
Obituary: Patrick Wyndham Hanks
Authors: Rundell Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Though best known for his extensive and often transformative writings on lexicography and corpus linguistics, Patrick Hanks was also a career lexicographer with a strong track record of managing a string of groundbreaking dictionaries. His experience at the lexicographic coalface led him to question dictionary conventions, especially when the corpus data seemed to be at odds with traditional approaches to identifying and explaining meanings. His ideas about meaning potentials, his focus on ‘the probable not the possible’, and his Theory of Norms and Exploitations all arose directly from the experience of analysing corpus data in order to describe how words behave and combine. He was involved in almost every major development in our field over the last 50 years, and his influence will continue to be felt for as long as people are analysing language and making dictionaries.
Clonal Expansion of a Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 Capsule Variant Sequence Type 700 With Enhanced Vaccine Escape Potential After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction
Authors: Kalizang'oma Akuzike , Swarthout Todd D , Mwalukomo Thandie S , Kamng’ona Arox , Brown Comfort , Msefula Jacquline , Demetriou Hayley , Chan Jia Mun , Roalfe Lucy , Obolski Uri , Lourenço Jose , Goldblatt David , Chaguza Chrispin , French Neil , Heyderman Robert S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 remains a problem globally. Malawi introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2011, but there has been no direct protection against serotype 3 carriage. We explored whether vaccine escape by serotype 3 is due to clonal expansion of a lineage with a competitive advantage.

Methods
The distribution of serotype 3 Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs) and sequence types (STs) globally was assessed using sequences from the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Project. Whole-genome sequences of 135 serotype 3 carriage isolates from Blantyre, Malawi (2015–2019) were analyzed. Comparative analysis of the capsule locus, entire genomes, antimicrobial resistance, and phylogenetic reconstructions were undertaken. Opsonophagocytosis was evaluated using serum samples from vaccinated adults and children.

Results
Serotype 3 GPSC10-ST700 isolates were most prominent in Malawi. Compared with the prototypical serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide locus sequence, 6 genes are absent, with retention of capsule polysaccharide biosynthesis. This lineage is characterized by increased antimicrobial resistance and lower susceptibility to opsonophagocytic killing.

Conclusions
A serotype 3 variant in Malawi has genotypic and phenotypic characteristics that could enhance vaccine escape and clonal expansion after post-PCV13 introduction. Genomic surveillance among high-burden populations is essential to improve the effectiveness of next-generation pneumococcal vaccines.
The Mercurial Commitment: Revisiting the Unintended Consequences of Military Humanitarian Intervention and Anti-Atrocity Norms
Authors: Sawada Hiroto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The debate on whether military humanitarian intervention and anti-atrocity norms, such as the responsibility to protect, cause perverse incentives, and provocative violence by a rebel group, has yet to reach a consensus. Specifically, existing theories are unable to fully explain why “emboldened” rebel groups provoke the government in some cases but not others. This paper reconciles this unresolved debate by arguing that it is not anti-atrocity norms but the temporary feasibility of humanitarian intervention that induces the potential rebel group to actually provoke the government. The inherent temporariness of the feasibility of large-scale intervention causes a commitment problem: An expectation of a temporary intervention shifts the balance of power toward a potential rebel and opens a quickly closing window of opportunity. A three-player game shows that, among other findings, a higher probability of humanitarian intervention alleviates the potential rebel’s incentive to fight, implying that the criticism of anti-atrocity norms is a “false charge.” The model also (i) explains why weaker groups can rebel in the shadow of external intervention and (ii) presents a novel implication that lowering the intervention cost can exacerbate the adverse incentive when a domestic commitment problem caused by the consolidation of government power is not severe.
Diversity without Adversity? Ethnic Bias toward Refugees in a Co-Religious Society
Authors: Getmansky Anna , Matakos Konstantinos , Sinmazdemir Tolga 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
What shapes the host population’s willingness to accept refugees into social, economic, and political life in their country? We argue that refugees’ ethnicity plays a key role—both directly and indirectly—in shaping support for having refugees as neighbors and for granting them a work permit or citizenship. Fielding a conjoint experiment in Turkey (N = 2,362), we find that locals discriminate against Syrian Arab and Kurdish refugees compared to Turkomans. Although a university degree, social ties with locals, and knowledge of language boost prorefugee attitudes, ethnic bias may attenuate their effect. For example, local language knowledge increases support for Arab refugee profiles, but only when it comes to granting them a work permit, but not having them as neighbors or granting citizenship. In contrast, it increases support for profiles of Turkomans and Kurds in all the three domains. Thus, strategies such as learning the local language may not advance all refugees in all domains.
Elitist Remedies? Complaint Resources and Representation in International Human Rights Bodies
Authors: Steinert Christoph Valentin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates determinants of representation in international human rights bodies. It is argued that socioeconomic factors shape whether human rights abuses translate into complaints to international human rights mechanisms. To seek international remedy, victims of human rights abuse must be aware of remedies, and they require complaint literacy to file complaints. Alternatively, they need ties to skilled networks that might represent their cases. Such complaint resources are systematically shaped by socioeconomic factors, implying that international human rights remedies tend to represent a self-selection of economic elites. The theoretical claims are tested both on the national and individual levels with novel data on the human rights complaint mechanisms operated by the UN Special Procedures (UNSP). While this mechanism is universally open, the follow-up statements of the UNSP reflect socioeconomic disparities both on the national and individual levels. On the national level, human rights abuses translate into more UNSP statements directed at richer countries. On the individual level, lawyers and professors tend to be more likely to be covered by the UNSP. The findings contribute to our understanding of representation in international human rights remedies, suggesting that these mechanisms struggle to reach marginalized groups in low-income countries.
The National Healthcare Safety Network’s digital quality measures: CDC’s automated measures for surveillance of patient safety
Authors: Shehab Nadine , Alschuler Liora , McILvenna Sean , Gonzaga Zabrina , Laing Andrew , deRoode David , Dantes Raymund B , Betz Kristina , Zheng Shuai , Abner Sheila , Stutler Elizabeth , Geimer Rick , Benin Andrea L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
This article presents the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)’s approach to automation for public health surveillance using digital quality measures (dQMs) via an open-source tool (NHSNLink) and piloting of this approach using real-world data in a newly established collaborative program (NHSNCoLab). The approach leverages Health Level Seven Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) application programming interfaces to improve data collection and reporting for public health and patient safety beginning with common, clinically significant, and preventable patient harms, such as medication-related hypoglycemia, healthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection, and healthcare-associated venous thromboembolism.

Conclusions
The NHSN’s FHIR dQMs hold the promise of minimizing the burden of reporting, improving accuracy, quality, and validity of data collected by NHSN, and increasing speed and efficiency of public health surveillance.
An innovative framework for supporting content-based authorship identification and analysis in social media networks
Authors: Gaviria de la Puerta José , Pastor-López Iker , Tellaeche Alberto , Sanz Borja , Sanjurjo-González Hugo , Cuzzocrea Alfredo , Bringas Pablo G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Content-based authorship identification is an emerging research problem in online social media networks, due to a wide collection of issues ranging from security to privacy preservation, from radicalization to defamation detection, and so forth. Indeed, this research has attracted a relevant amount of attention from the research community during the past years. The general problem becomes harder when we consider the additional constraint of identifying the same false profile over different social media networks, under obvious considerations. Inspired by this emerging research challenge, in this paper we propose and experimentally assess an innovative framework for supporting content-based authorship identification and analysis in social media networks.
Extracellular sombrero vesicles are hallmarks of eosinophilic cytolytic degranulation in tissue sites of human diseases
Authors: Neves Vitor H , Palazzi Cinthia , Malta Kássia K , Bonjour Kennedy , Kneip Felipe , Dias Felipe F , Neves Josiane S , Weller Peter F , Melo Rossana C N 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Eosinophil sombrero vesicles are large tubular carriers resident in the cytoplasm of human eosinophils, identifiable by transmission electron microscopy, and important for immune mediator transport. Increased formation of sombrero vesicles occurs in activated eosinophils in vitro and in vivo. In tissue sites of eosinophilic cytolytic inflammation, extracellular eosinophil sombrero vesicles are noted, but their frequency and significance in eosinophil-associated diseases remain unclear. Here, we performed comprehensive quantitative transmission electron microscopy analyses and electron tomography to investigate the numbers, density, integrity, and 3-dimensional structure of eosinophil sombrero vesicles in different biopsy tissues from 5 prototypic eosinophil-associated diseases (eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis/nasal sinuses, ulcerative colitis/intestines, hypereosinophilic syndrome/skin, dermatitis/skin, and schistosomiasis/rectum). The morphology of extracellular eosinophil sombrero vesicles was also compared with that of cytoplasmic eosinophil sombrero vesicles, isolated by subcellular fractionation from peripheral blood eosinophils. We demonstrated that (i) eosinophil cytolysis, releasing intact sombrero vesicles and membrane-bound granules, is a consistent event in all eosinophil-associated diseases; (ii) eosinophil sombrero vesicles persist intact even after complete disintegration of all cell organelles, except granules (late cytolysis); (iii) the eosinophil sombrero vesicle population, composed of elongated, curved, and typical sombreros, and the eosinophil sombrero vesicle 3-dimensional architecture, diameter, and density remain unchanged in the extracellular matrix; (iv) free eosinophil sombrero vesicles closely associate with extracellular granules; and (v) free eosinophil sombrero vesicles also associate with externalized chromatin during eosinophil ETosis. Remarkably, eosinophil sombrero vesicles appeared on the surface of other cells, such as plasma cells. Thus, eosinophil cytolysis/ETosis can secrete intact sombrero vesicles, alongside granules, in inflamed tissues of eosinophil-associated diseases, potentially serving as propagators of eosinophil immune responses after cell death.
(401) Insertion of A 2-Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis with Combined General and Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Hampel G , Pincus J , Koller C , Arnett Z , Raheem O 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Inflatable penile prosthesis placement is widely used for treatment of medically refractory erectile dysfunction. In patients with prior pelvic or abdominal surgery, use of a 2-piece inflatable penile prosthesis avoids the need for placement of a reservoir in the pelvis, which can be a complicated procedure due to possible retropubic scarring. A pudendal nerve block can be employed as a regional anesthesia strategy for penile surgery to reduce use of intraoperative and postoperative opiates.

Objective
This video covers the placement of a 2-piece inflatable penile prosthesis under general and regional anesthesia in a patient with a complex surgical history.

Methods
The video demonstrates a step-by-step technique for the pudendal nerve block and placement of the 2-piece prosthesis.

Results
A 63-year-old male with history of multiple abdominal and pelvic surgeries was treated severe, refractory ED with insertion of a 2-piece inflatable penile prosthesis under general and regional anesthesia. He did not require any intraoperative opiates. He had a normal and uneventful postoperative recovery with a reduced postoperative opiate requirement. The prosthesis cycled properly four weeks after surgery.

Conclusions
In select patients undergoing insertion of a penile prosthesis, the use of a pudendal nerve block in combination with general anesthesia can reduce the perioperative opiate requirement.

Disclosure
No
Carbohydrate distribution via SWEET17 is critical for Arabidopsis inflorescence branching under drought
Authors: Valifard Marzieh , Khan Azkia , Berg Johannes , Le Hir Rozenn , Pommerrenig Benjamin , Neuhaus H Ekkehard , Keller Isabel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are the most recently discovered family of plant sugar transporters. By acting as uniporters, SWEETs facilitate the diffusion of sugars across cell membranes and play an important role in various physiological processes such as abiotic stress adaptation. AtSWEET17, a vacuolar fructose facilitator, was shown to be involved in the modulation of the root system during drought. In addition, previous studies have shown that overexpression of an apple homolog leads to increased drought tolerance in tomato plants. Therefore, SWEET17 might be a molecular element involved in plant responses to drought. However, the role and function of SWEET17 in above-ground tissues of Arabidopsis under drought stress remain elusive. By combining gene expression analysis and stem architecture with the sugar profiles of different above-ground tissues, we uncovered a putative role for SWEET17 in carbohydrate supply and thus cauline branch elongation, especially during periods of carbon limitation, as occurs under drought stress. Thus, SWEET17 seems to be involved in maintaining efficient plant reproduction under drought stress conditions.
Prevalence of Pain With Movement in Active Duty US Army Soldiers
Authors: Emberton Jennifer S , Adams Benjamin G , Hotaling Brittany R , Zosel Kristen L , Grist Stephen M , Henderson Nancy , Kardouni Joseph , Westrick Richard B 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Soldiers must be able to perform a multitude of physically demanding tasks as part of their regular duty, but their physical readiness is often degraded due to pain and musculoskeletal injury (MSKI). The presence of pain with movement has been associated with increased MSKI risk in Soldiers. Improved awareness of the prevalence of painful movements in uninjured Soldiers could help inform Army injury mitigation efforts. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of pain with movement in a population of healthy active duty Soldiers.

Materials and Methods
The Selective Functional Movement Assessment—Top Tier Movements (SFMA-TTM), active range of motion (AROM) of the hips and shoulders, and the elicitation of pain with movement were measured in 268 healthy US Army Soldiers. Descriptive statistics were generated for the number of painful movements for each measure and inferential statistics; independent t-test and one-way independent analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for analysis of the other measures.

Results
Greater than half (59%) of the participants reported pain with at least 1 movement and more than 41% reported pain with 2 or more movements. Soldiers reported a mean of 1.35 painful movements on the SFMA-TTM assessment and a mean of 1.54 painful AROM movements.

Conclusions
Pain with functional movement patterns was common across a sample of uninjured Soldiers. The presence of pain with movement warrants further evaluation as it may impact a Soldier’s physical performance, risk for future injury, and overall quality of life.
A serendipitous discovery of H i-rich galaxy groups with MeerKAT
Authors: Glowacki M , Albrow L , Reynolds T , Elson E , Mahony E K , Allison J R 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We report on the serendipitous discovery of 49 H i-rich galaxies in a 2.3 h Open Time observation with MeerKAT. We present their properties including their H i masses, intensity and velocity maps, and spectra. We determine that at least three H i-rich galaxy groups have been detected, potentially as part of a supergroup. Some members of these galaxy groups show clear interaction with each other in their H i emission. We cross-match the detections with PanSTARRS, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Galaxy Evolution Explorer, and obtain stellar masses and star formation rates. One source is found to be a potential OH megamaser, but further follow-up is required to confidently determine this. For six sources with sufficient spatial resolution in H i, we produce rotation curves with BBarolo, generate mass models, and derive a dark matter halo mass. While the number of galaxies detected in this relatively short pointing appears to be at the high end of expectations compared to other MeerKAT observations and group H i mass function studies, this finding highlights the capability of MeerKAT for other serendipitous discoveries, and the potential for many more H i-rich galaxies to be revealed within both existing and upcoming Open Time data sets.
Opportunities and challenges of lupus care in Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific: A call to action
Authors: Mysler Eduardo , Monticielo Odirlei Andre , Al-Homood Ibrahim Abdulrazaq , Lau Chak Sing , Hussein Heselynn , Chen Yi-Hsing 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Lupus remains a disease with a low prioritisation in the national agendas of many countries in Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific, where there is a dearth of rheumatologists and limited access to new or even standard lupus treatments. There is thus an important need for education, advocacy, and outreach to prioritise lupus in these regions to ensure that patients receive the care they need. This article reviews some of the specific challenges facing the care and management of people with lupus in these regions and suggests strategies for improving patient outcomes. Specifically, we review and discuss (with a focus on the aforementioned regions) the epidemiology of lupus; economic costs, disease burden, and effects on quality of life; barriers to care related to disease assessment; barriers to effective treatment, including limitations of standard treatments, high glucocorticoid use, inadequate access to new treatments, and low adherence to medications; and strategies to improve lupus management and patient outcomes. We hope that this represents a call to action to come together and act now for the lupus community, policymakers, health authorities, and healthcare professionals to improve lupus management and patient outcomes in Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific.