bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in HIV Prevalence, Condom Use and Associated Factors among Female Sex Workers in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Rowe Emily , Suarjaya Made , Armini Luh Putu Sri 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to review trends of HIV prevalence, condom use and associated risk factors among the female sex workers (FSW) in Denpasar, Bali.
Methods: To analyze trends of HIV prevalence, surveillance data from 2000-2013 was used. Survey data from 2007 to 2013 was referenced for analysis of condom use trends. Data on associated risk factors was taken from 2012 integrated HIV and behavior survey.
Results and conclusion: HIV prevalence among direct FSW in 2000 was as low as 1.6% (95%CI: 0.05-3.15) and continued to rise, reaching a prevalence peak of 22.5% (95%CI: 16.4-26.6) in 2010. HIV prevalence began to decline in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Analysis unearthed similar prevalence trends among indirect FSW albeit with a much lower prevalence of 0.25% in 2001, rising to 7.2% in 2010 and declining to 2.2% in 2013. The proportion of direct FSW reporting to always wear condoms in the last working week increased from 38% in 2007 (95%CI: 33.3-42.7) to 65% in 2013 (95%CI: 60.4-69.6). Multivariate analysis with logistic regression indicated that the significant risk factor with HIV prevalence was the specific grouping of FSW, in that low/mid-price are more at risk in comparison to high price with OR=4.37 (95%CI: 1.42-13.38). Risk factors associated with condom use was also the specific group of FSW, high price reported higher condom use with OR=4.04 (95%CI:2.03-8.04) and greater role of sex work site ‘pimps’ in encouraging their FSW to reject clients refusing to wear condoms with OR=2.06 (95%CI: 1.29-3.30). HIV prevalence among indirect and high-price direct FSW was much lower compared to prevalence in low/mid-price direct FSW. HIV prevalence and condom use among direct FSW population are significantly associated with group price range and the role of ‘pimps’.
Home Sanitation and Nutritional Status as Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) at Karang Taliwang Health Centre, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sutiasih Lisa , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung 
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is a continuing health problem in Mataram, particularly at the Karang Taliwang Health Centre (KTHC), which has the highest prevalence of TB - 294/100,000 in 2010; 173/100,000 in 2011. This study investigates the risk factors of pulmonary TB in KTHC.
Methods: Study design used was a case control, 46 respondents with pulmonary TB and 92 persons without either TB/acute respiratory infection were controls. Variables examined were: house sanitation, socio-economic, nutrition, cigarette smoke exposure, other infections and immunisation status. Data was obtained by direct survey on site, measurement using role meter, hygrometer, lux-meter, mistar and HIV test. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: Bivariate analysis shows that risk factors were house sanitation (ventilation, humidity, light and population density), socio-economic factors, nutritional status and other disease. Multivariate analysis indicated risk factors were: ventilation with OR=2.87 (95%CI: 1.01-8.20), humidity with OR=3.91 (95%CI: 1.28-11.89), sunlight access with OR=4.46 (95%CI: 1.34-14.85), temperature with OR=5.41 (95%CI: 1.90-15.39), nutrition with OR=6.74 (95%CI: 2.52-18.02). These factors contributed to 48.9% TB occurences.
Conclusion: This study found that house sanitation and nutritional status are risk factors of of TB transmission at KTHC, Mataram.
Factors related to Acceptance of HIV Testing by Pregnant Mothers in Health Centres in Denpasar City
Authors: Arniti Ni Ketut , Wulandari Luh Putu , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To determine reasons of pregnant mothers to undergo HIV testing and factors influencing this decision.
Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 120 pregnant mothers seeking antenatal care in two sites: Puskesmas I Denpasar Utara and Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan, during the period of 26 March to 22 April 2014. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using univariate to determine the frequency distribution of each variable, bivariate to determine the relationship between the dependent variable with each independent variable by the chi-squared test and multivariate analysis performed by logistic regression to determine the dominant factors to improve the acceptance of pregnant mothers to HIV testing.
Results: Reasons to undergo HIV testing were on recommendation from health providers (65.8%), concern for personal status (61.7%) and concerns about possibility of vertical transmission (19.2%). Bivariate analysis showed that the acceptance by pregnant mothers was higher in mothers unemployed (75.8%; p=0.033), good knowledge about HIV and its transmission (78.4%; p=0.001), was susceptible to HIV/AIDS (72.0%; p=0.019), the perception that HIV/AIDS is a severe disease (77.0%; p≤0.001), perceptions of the benefits of HIV testing (70.8%; p=0.002), absence perceived barriers (100%; p≤0.001) as well as good support from husband/family (87.7%; p≤0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that factors influencing were support from husband/family with OR=8.71 (95%CI: 2.89-26.28), perception of severity of HIV with OR=3.39 (95%CI: 1.08-10.69) and employment status with OR=2.82 (95%CI: 1.07-7.42).
Conclusion: The majority of women to undergo HIV testing because of recommendations by staff and a desire to know HIV status. Acceptance of HIV testing among pregnant mothers was influenced by the support of the husband/family, the perception of the severity of HIV / AIDS, and employment status.
Perceptions of patients and providers on the use of acupressure services at Public Health Centres, Tabanan District, Bali
Authors: Sukawinaca I Made , Sari Komang Ayu Kartika , Wirawan I Made Ady 
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Acupressure services are available at some public health centres (PHCs) in Bali, but the service utilisation remains low. The purpose of this study is to explore the perception of patients and service providers on the use of acupressure services at PHC in Tabanan.
Methods: This study used a qualitative design based on observation and in-depth interviews with 13 informants consisting of patients, health service practitioners, head of PHC and program manager at Tabanan Health Office. The informants were chosen purposively and the data were analysed thematically.
Results: There were different perceptions regarding the benefits of acupressure services between patients utilising the services and those who had not. Patients who had undergone acupressure demonstrated positive perception of the service. Acupressure services are considered to be effective in dealing with patient complaints, have no side effects, and patients reported being satisfied with the services provided by the PHC. Patients who did not utilise acupressure services, view acupressure as an ineffective therapy with potential side effects that may endanger their health. These patients experienced trauma from similar massage techniques. Service providers lamented the absence of government support in the form of local regulations that would enable them to access funding, increase human resources and facilitate promotion of the services.
Conclusions: Patient perceptions of acupressure services still vary, with some contraints in the implementation that consist of local regulation, operational fund and human resources. Acupressure services still require synergy between central and local government policies to support its implementation.
Acomodações, intervenções e modificações em sala de aula para estudantes universitários com o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade - TDAH: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Ferreira João Carlos Peixoto , Gallo Rosângela Peixoto , Ferreira Rosilene Peixoto , Rocha Gabrielle Peixoto , Prado Ana Carolina do , Silva Alessandro Pereira da , Santos Clayton Eduardo dos , Boschi Sílvia Regina Matos da Silva , Scardovelli Terigi Augusto , Martini Sílvia Cristina 
Published: April 2024

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a eficácia de estratégias de acomodação, intervenção e modificação para estudantes universitários com TDAH. Foi feita uma revisão sistemática, cujo protocolo foi registrado no banco de dados internacional PROSPERO: CRD42024504644, e adotados a estratégia PICO e o protocolo PRISMA 2020. Esta revisão abrangeu estudos em língua inglesa publicados até outubro de 2023, conduzidos em ambientes de sala de aula universitária. A pesquisa focou nos efeitos dessas estratégias no desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes. Foram selecionados 19 artigos científicos das bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, BVS, Scopus, ERIC e Base Search. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada pelo instrumento Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Os resultados indicaram que acomodações comuns, como tempo estendido para avaliações e a aplicação de avaliações em salas separadas, apesar de benéficas, não atendem plenamente às necessidades dos estudantes com TDAH. Estratégias promissoras identificadas incluem a abordagem dos pontos fortes dos estudantes com TDAH através do Design Universal para Aprendizagem (DUA), prazos flexíveis para entrega de trabalhos, treinamento em estratégias de realização de avaliações, simulados e permissão para o acesso e/ou gravação de aulas, ressaltando a importância de abordagens personalizadas. Apesar das limitações da pesquisa, como, por exemplo, a escassez de estudos focados em estratégias específicas de aprendizagem para o TDAH voltada para o ensino superior e a ausência de legislação direcionada à inclusão desses estudantes, essa pesquisa destaca a necessidade crítica de mais estudos voltados ao desenvolvimento e implementação de soluções práticas e eficazes para a melhoria do apoio educacional e para a inclusão de estudantes com TDAH no ensino superior. Conclui-se que, embora existam recursos e práticas educacionais com potencial para melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes universitários com TDAH, são necessárias estratégias mais abrangentes e personalizadas que superem os desafios enfrentados por esses estudantes, como procrastinação, dificuldades de planejamento, aversão a recompensas atrasadas, miopia temporal e problemas na memória de trabalho. Sugere-se, por fim, investigar o conhecimento de professores universitários sobre o TDAH e explorar novas abordagens pedagógicas, visando a proporcionar uma experiência educacional mais enriquecedora para os estudantes que enfrentam essa condição.
Gender Discrimination and its Impact on Pakistani Women Married to Afghan Refugees (1980-2018)
Authors: Manzoor Bushra , Khan Muhammad Daniyal 
Published: April 2024

Gender discrimination in nationality law of Pakistan not only undermines women’s equality in citizenship but also violates their right and results in hardships for their families. State’s Nationality law that discriminate women to have equal rights of citizenship undermines them to access healthcare, education, employment, family unity, inheritance, mobility and property rights. The current research highlights the problems faced by the women married to Afghan refugees through thematic and discourse analysis of the interviewees using CAQDA, i.e., MAXQDA-2022 software. The study is qualitative in nature and the analysis is based on a coding model. The sample is taken through snowball sampling of the population under study. The research shows how unequal nationality laws violate women right to get citizenship and obstruct their equality in the family. The Pakistani law of citizenship also impacts the enjoyment of women right by them as well as their children and spouses.
Gender equality in nationality laws is not only fundamental to equal citizenship of women but it also support families’ wellbeing, children rights to identity and sustainable development. Thereby, it will benefit the society as a whole.
Article: The Digital Markets Act and the Whack-A-Mole Challenge
Authors: Franck Jens-Uwe , Peitz Martin 
Published: April 2024

This article addresses the implementation of the Digital Market Act’s rules on anti-circumvention. An effects-based approach is presented and a three-step methodology is proposed to identify whether a certain practice should be conceptualized as circumventing an obligation. This approach is applied to several practices suspected of circumventing the ban on parity clauses and an analysis is carried out to establish how the results fit into the Digital Market Act’s concept and instruments for avoiding circumvention. Moreover, the role that the anti-circumvention rules may play in safeguarding the effectiveness of the restrictions on tying and self-preferencing in ranking are elaborated on, thus illustrating how they may operate to future-proof the Digital Markets Act but also where their limitations lie.
Digital Markets Act, anti-circumvention, antitrust law, price parity clauses, bundling, self-preferencing
Article: Perspective on the Payment VAT Exemption Following the Decision of the UK Supreme Court in Target
Authors: Gamito Philippe 
Published: April 2024

It is well established that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has taken a strict approach in construing the payment VAT exemption laid down in Article 135(1)(d) of the VAT Directive 2006/112/EC (VAT directive). After more than twenty years of jurisprudence in this space, the CJEU held in DPAS Limited (Case C-5/17) (DPAS) that an instruction to make a payment, albeit essential, was not enough to satisfy the legal requirements for VAT exemption. The impact of this judgment cannot be overlooked. In the UK, the Supreme Court handed down its judgment in Target Group Limited on 11 October 2023 (Target SC) (Target Group Ltd v. HMRC [2023] UKSC 35) in which it fully endorsed the DPAS doctrine, resulting in a disappointing but widely expected outcome. At its core, it was held that, even if a supplier causes a transfer by sending a binding instruction, such activity does not meet the bar for exemption regardless of whether such causal effect inevitably results, without alteration, in a transfer of funds between the parties. This interpretation represents a landmark shift in interpretation under UK VAT law towards a more restrictive approach. In the author’s view, although the conclusion seems sensible as applied to the facts in Target SC, the Supreme Court did not take the opportunity to distinguish mere administrative tasks taking place outside a typical payment supply chain from a payment instruction made by a financial intermediary, thereby putting any type of instruction on equal footing. This contribution considers the judgment in Target SC in detail and examines whether the legal interpretation of the UK Supreme Court aligns with previous judgments of the CJEU.
VAT, Payment Exemption, Outsourcing, Functionality Test, Causal Effect, Restrictive Interpretation, SDC
Article: The Antidumping Regime of the Gulf Cooperation Council: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Islam M. Rafiqul , Alhihi Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has introduced a legal regime of antidumping measures (ADMs) since 2004 and amended in 2010 to shield GCC industries from harm caused by dumped imports. Gulf countries also use various protection measures permissible under the WTO agreements which have enhanced the implementation of the Unified Strategy of Industrial Development for the GCC Member States. These measures aim to mitigate unfair trade practices and defend the domestic industries of GCC members against the adverse effects of dumped imported goods. This article critically examines the ADM regime to see whether (a) it can achieve its intended economic objectives; and (b) its legal framework is aligned with the antidumping regime of the WTO. The article highlights the potential influence of these measures on trade relations between the GCC and its trading partners, and the consequences for the Gulf local industry and consumers.
International trade, Gulf Cooperation Council, antidumping measures, WTO, GCC antidumping law
Een kennismaking met General Comment No. 26
Authors: de Jong-de Kruijf M.P. 
Published: April 2024

Een kennismaking met General Comment No. 26
In deze bijdrage staat General Comment No. 26 over ‘children’s rights and the environment with a special focus on climate change’ centraal. Er wordt een overzicht gegeven van de inhoud van GC26. Er wordt ingegaan op relevante verdragsrechten, de invulling van de verantwoordelijkheden van overheden om klimaatrechten van kinderen te verwezenlijken, kinderen en hun toegang tot klimaatrechten en de betekenis van ‘intergenerational equity’.
Evapotranspiração de referência sazonal simplificada para o Oeste Baiano (BA) e Região de Piracicaba (SP), Brasil
Authors: Haddad Souza Vieira Gustavo , Tonoli Felisberto Rudson , Junior Nandorf Rodrigo , Vieira Lo Monaco Paola Alfonsa , Chambela Neto Alberto , Dalla Bernardina Garcia André 
Published: April 2024

O método Penman-Monteith é utilizado mundialmente para a estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência, sem que se tenha necessidade de calibrações locais, devido ao seu embasamento físico. No entanto, o método exige a utilização de uma estação meteorológica completa, devido à quantidade de variáveis necessárias, tornando, assim, a estimativa onerosa e inviabilizando seu uso em pequenos e médios empreendimentos. Objetivou-se com este estudo comparar a estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência pelo método Penman-Monteith com dados faltantes e Hargreaves-Samani com o método Penman-Monteith completo, em escalas anual e sazonal, para os municípios de Luís Eduardo Magalhães-BA e Piracicaba-SP. A comparação se baseou nos parâmetros da regressão linear, coeficiente de determinação, índice de concordância de Willmott, coeficiente de correlação, coeficiente de confiança e raiz quadrada do erro médio. A melhor alternativa ao método padrão, em Luís Eduardo Magalhães, foi o método com dados faltantes de radiação solar e umidade relativa, apresentando valores de R² acima de 0,75 em todas as escalas de observação, enquanto para Piracicaba, todos os métodos utilizados apresentaram um desempenho classificado como bom, muito bom ou excelente. Para os dois municípios, nota-se que a escala anual é suficiente para estimar a evapotranspiração de referência, descartando a necessidade de análise sazonal.
Tendências e variabilidade climática de frentes frias e precipitação na região metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Segura Caroline Santos , Rocha Rosmeri Porfírio da 
Published: April 2024

As frentes frias desempenham um papel crucial no regime de precipitação no sudeste do Brasil, especialmente na região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). A compreensão das tendências e variabilidades desses sistemas e da chuva associada é fundamental para avaliar impactos climáticos locais. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as características das frentes frias, a precipitação e seus extremos, contribuindo para melhorar a compreensão das tendências climáticas na região. Analisa ainda a habilidade da reanálise ERA-20C em capturar climatologia observada de frentes frias. Entre 1960-2010, uma média de 39,6 frentes frias por ano foram observadas na estação meteorológica localizada na RMSP. A ERA-20C mostrou resultados muito próximos com os obtidos das observações. Os extremos de precipitação foram identificados usando o percentil 95 da precipitação diária (em mm) de cada mês, considerando-se apenas os dias com precipitação acima de 0 mm. No período 1960-2010, este critério resultou em 486 eventos extremos de precipitação, dos quais 290 podem estar relacionados com a passagem de frentes frias na RMSP. Foram analisadas tendências para séries temporais de precipitação, frequência de frentes frias e precipitação extrema através do teste Mann-Kendall. Apenas a série temporal de precipitação anual acumulada apresentou taxa de crescimento linear significativa.
Os efeitos do teletrabalho na cultura organizacional: análise a partir de uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Daniela Maria da , Araújo Marcus Augusto Vasconcelos , Francisco Inêz Cristina , Pinto Erick França 
Published: April 2024

As organizações constataram que o teletrabalho pode ser de grande valia para elevar as habilidades laborativas e a produtividade, podendo assim, fornecer versatilidade para os colaboradores quanto aos seus horários. Com o advento da pandemia da COVID-19, os funcionários tiveram impactos no ambiente de trabalho e na cultura, trazendo assim mudanças significativas. O presente estudo realizou um levantamento das informações já existentes por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre cultura organizacional mostrando sua importância para se manter uma boa relação com colaboradores na era digital. Mediante o estudo, verificou-se que o teletrabalho possui seus prós e contras, por um lado tem-se a ideia de maior flexibilidade, entretanto as TICS’s fazem com que os colaboradores estejam disponíveis a qualquer hora, além de gerar outros problemas como o isolamento social durante as atividades. A gerência pode sugerir que supervisores procurem compreender essas lacunas e busquem soluções a fim de trazer um melhor equilíbrio entre a vida pessoal e profissional bem como melhorar a relação entre os colaboradores, momentos como cafés virtuais e troca de experiências pode ser algo que estimule o contato e a manutenção dos valores da organização.
Investigação geotecnológica para otimizar a piscicultura em uma microbacia hidrográfica neotropical
Authors: Rios Beatriz , Garcia Alice Viene Serra , Oliveira Leonnan Carlos Carvalho de , Macedo Humberto Rodrigues , Werneck Pedro Rondon , Francisco Humberto Rodrigues , Feiden Aldi 
Published: April 2024

As microbacias neotropicais são importantes para o desenvolvimento regional dos municípios que as compõem, devendo seus recursos serem geridos de forma sustentável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os recursos naturais e os viveiros escavados para piscicultura presentes na microbacia hidrográfica do rio Encantado, oeste do Estado do Paraná. A delimitação da microbacia e caracterização morfológica foi realizada a partir do modelo digital de elevação da área, os dados dos solos, e uso e cobertura do solo foram obtidos EMBRAPA e do projeto MapBiomas. Os viveiros escavados foram mapeados, identificados e quantificados para processamento e análise dos dados. A microbacia hidrográfica do rio Encantado apresentou altitude variando entre 250 e 581 metros, com maior presença de relevo suavemente ondulado e tipo de solo predominante Latossolo Vermelho. A produção de soja ocupa a maior parte da área da microbacia. A presença de rodovias pavimentadas facilita o transporte de insumos e escoamento de produção. Foram identificados 419 viveiros escavados, com predominância de viveiros de pequeno porte, com maior concentração na região oeste da microbacia. Os viveiros escavados contabilizaram uma área de 164,13 hectares, sedo 58,34% de grande porte. Portanto, através do uso de geotecnologias, foi possível verificar que a microbacia possui características favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da piscicultura, especialmente ao analisar as áreas mais favoráveis para a expansão da atividade.