bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective activity of tocha, the stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata, and ampelopsin
Authors: Murakami Toshiyuki , Miyakoshi Masazumi , Araho Daisuke , Mizutani Kenji , Kambara Toshimitsu , Ikeda Takao , Chou Wen‐Hua , Inukai Mihoko , Takenaka Asako , Igarashi Kiharu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHepatoprotective effect of the leaves and stems of Ampelopsis grossedentata together with its main constituent, ampelopsin, were examined on D‐galactosamine induced liver injury in rats. The diet containing 50% ethanolic extract (1%) and ampelopsin (0.1%) markedly suppressed the increase of LDH, ALT, AST, α‐tocopherol levels and GSG/GSSH caused by GalN treatment. These results suggested that ampelopsin from Tocha acted to prevent the oxidative stress in vivo that may have been due to active oxygen species formed by a macrophage by the action of GalN.
Oral administration of hydrolyzed rice bran prevents the common cold syndrome in the elderly based on its immunomodulatory action
Authors: Maeda Hiroaki , Ichihashi Kenichi , Fujii Takako , Omura Kazunobu , Zhu Xia , Anazawa Mari , Tazawa Kenji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe preventive effect of Hydrolyzed Rice Bran against the common cold syndrome was examined in elderly people. Arabinoxylan derivatives of Hydrolyzed Rice Bran (HRB) were prepared from water‐soluble rice bran through partial processing using a carbohydrate complex. Using the water‐soluble Rice Bran (RB) as a control, a cross over double‐blind study was conducted on both substances over a 6‐week administration period. Fifty elderly people aged from 70 to 95 years participated in the study and the comparative data from 36 participants were analyzed. There were no withdrawals from in the study due to the side effects of the experimental foods. Symptoms were observed and scored. The total symptom score for the RB treatment group was three times higher than that for the HRB treatment group. The average duration of symptoms was 2.6 days for RB whereas it was only 1.2 days for HRB. Furthermore, some immunomodulatory action was observed in laboratory tests. HRB was shown to be useful in reducing the physical stress associated with acute respiratory tract infection.
Antioxidative properties of lycopene and other carotenoids from tomatoes: Synergistic effects
Authors: Shi John , Kakuda Yukio , Yeung David 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLycopene is the major carotenoid in tomatoes. Tomatoes contain a matrix of many bioactive components, including vitamin C, vitamin E, other carotenoids (a‐, β‐, γ‐ carotene, lutein), and flavonoids. Their synergistic interactions, when used in combination, may be responsible for the observed beneficial effects of tomato‐based products. This study investigated the synergistic antioxidant activity of lycopene in combination with β‐carotene, vitamin E, and lutein. A liposome system was used to test the synergistic antioxidant activity. The carotenoid mixtures were more efficient in protecting liposome from oxidation than the individual carotenoid. Mixtures of lycopene and vitamin E appear to have the greatest synergistic antioxidant activity.
Chemistry and antioxidative activity of hot water extract of Japanese radish (daikon)
Authors: Katsuzaki Hirotaka , Miyahara Yoshiyuki , Ota Masnobu , Imai Kunio , Komiya Takashi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe comparison of antioxidative activity between the hot water extract and ambient water extract of Japanese radish (daikon) was carried out. The activity of the hot water extract was higher than that of the ambient water extract. One of the antioxidants was isolated as L‐tryptophan that should no change in its amount that was determined between the hot water extract and ambient water extract. Moreover, tryptophan changed to 5‐hydroxy tryptophan in the rat liver microsome model. This phenomenon may show that tryptophan is changed to another antioxidant in the body.
Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits oxidative stress in mouse skin: Involvement of attenuation of leukocyte infiltration
Authors: Nakamura Yoshimasa , Miyoshi Noriyuki , Takabayashi Satoko , Osawa Toshihiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe exposure of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) to mouse skin resulted in the attenuation of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced oxidative damage through not only inhibition of the NADPH oxidase system but also leukocyte clearance at inflamed region. In spite of little ability to affect TPA‐induced edema formation, pretreatments of mouse skin with BITC before the first or second TPA treatment significantly decrease the H2O2 level. A histological study also demonstrated that BITC enhanced the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)‐positive index in mouse skin, suggesting that BITC might accelerate the disappearance of infiltrated leukocytes. Thus, these gathered data further supported that BITC has a potential as an anti‐inflammatory agent.
Promoting effect and recovery activity from physical stress of the fruit of Morus alba
Authors: Hwang Keum Hee , Kim Young‐Kyoon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe examined the effects of the fruit of M. alba extracts on the changes of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities during and after the physical exercise in rat. Each activity was measured by used serotonin(5‐HT) and benzylamine as substrate. Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and the concentrations of lactate in blood which were clinical indexes of physical exercise were also determined to compare with the relation of MAO activities. Those activities during and after the physical exercise have different tendency in each other enzyme. MAO‐A activity was sharply decreased with stress by physical activities compared to the normal group, whereas MAO‐B activity was increased for 60 minutes after exercise. All of these indexes were recovered to normal state by oral administration of extract of M. alba. These results of this study suggested M. alba may modulate the MAO activities during exercise and promote the capability of physical activities and show anti‐stress effect. In general, MAO inhibitors have been used drugs for the purpose of treatment Parkinson's disease, dementia, deprression. These results can apply to produce the health and functional foods that have modulating effects for these diseases.
Antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic effect of ferulic acid in STZ‐induced diabetic mice and KK‐Ay mice
Authors: Ohnishi M. , Matuo T. , Tsuno T. , Hosoda A. , Nomura E. , Taniguchi H. , Sasaki H. , Morishita H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAntioxidant activity and biological properties of ferulic acid (FA) are well recognized. This study was designed to estimate the potential utility of FA administered orally at low dosage for improvement of hyperglycemia in diabetes. With this aim we have evaluated the hypoglycemic effect of FA in two type diabetic animal models: (1) streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice, a model of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM); (2) KK‐Ay mice, a model of non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In addition, we measured the production of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) in brown adipose tissues of diabetic mice at the end of FA feeding experiment. FA at 0.01% and 0.1% of basal diet showed to suppress significantly blood glucose levels in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. In KK‐Ay mice 0.05% FA suppressed effectively blood glucose levels. In addition, FA inhibited the lipid peroxidation in brown adipose tissue of diabetic mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that dietary FA may be useful in alleviating oxidative stress and attenuating the hyperglycemic response associated with diabetes.
Radical scavenging mechanism of phenol carboxylic acids: Reaction of protocatechuic esters
Authors: Saito Shizuka , Okamoto Yasuko , Kawabata Jun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSolvent‐dependency of the antiradical reaction of protocatechuic acid (3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, PA) and its esters has been investigated. In aprotic solvents, methyl protocatechuate (PAMe) was readily oxidized by two molar equivalents of DPPH radical and converted to protocatechuquinone methyl ester (PQMe). On the other hand, in alcoholic solvents such as methanol, PAMe rapidly consumed five radicals in 30 min and changed to complex oxidized mixtures. A 1H‐NMR analysis of the reaction mixture of PAMe and DPPH radical in methanol showed that PAMe was rapidly converted to PQMe and its 3‐hemiacetal. In addition, a signal of 2‐methoxy‐PQMe 3‐hemiacetal was also detected in the reaction mixture. The results suggested that PQMe undergoes a nucleophilic attack by the solvent alcohol molecule at the C‐2 of the ring in methanol, leading to a regeneration of catechol structure, which accounts well for the higher DPPH radical scavenging activity of PAMe in alcohols than in aprotic solvents.
Successful removal of p‐quinone with chitosan in an aqueous phase in relation to degree of deacetylation
Authors: Takahashi Tomoki , Imai Masanao , Suzuki Isao 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPhenol oxidant is successfully removed by using chitosan particles in the aqueous phase. Removal of p‐quinone by chitosan from crab shells was investigated kinetically from molecular weight (MW) of chitosan, deacetylation degree (DD) and reaction temperature. The rate constant assuming first‐ordered reaction on removal of p‐quinone in aqueous phase primarily depended on the MW of chitosan, not on the DD. Quantities of chitosan exceeding 5 × 105 MW are able to obtain a sufficiently high rate constant (10−3 s−1). At higher temperatures, higher rate constants were obtained in the entire experimental MW and DD. The activation energy obtained was 43.8 kJ·mol−1.
The regulation and function of phosphate in the human body
Authors: Takeda Eiji , Taketani Yutaka , Sawada Naoki , Sato Tadatoshi , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInorganic phosphate (Pi) is required for cellular function and skeletal mineralization. Serum Pi level is maintained within a narrow range through a complex interplay between intestinal absorption, exchange with intracellular and bone storage pools, and renal tubular reabsorption. Pi is abundant in the diet, and intestinal absorption of Pi is efficient and minimally regulated. The kidney is a major regulator of Pi homeostasis and can increase or decrease its Pi reabsorptive capacity to accommodate Pi need. The crucial regulated step in Pi homeostasis is the transport of Pi across the renal proximal tubule. Type II sodium‐dependent phosphate (Na/Pi) cotransporter (NPT2) is the major molecule in the renal proximal tubule and is regulated by hormones and nonhormonal factors.Recent studies of inherited and acquired hypophosphatemia which exhibit similar biochemical and clinical features, have led to the identification of novel genes, phosphate regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX) and fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23), that play a role in the regulation of Pi homeostasis. The PHEX gene encodes an endopeptidase, predominantly expressed in bone and teeth but not in kidney. FGF‐23 may be a substrate of this endopeptidase and inhibit renal Pi reabsorption.In a survey in the United States and in Japan, the amount of phosphorus from food is gradually increasing. It is thought that excess amounts of phosphorus intake for long periods are a strong factor in bone impairment and ageing. The restriction of phosphorus intake seems to be important under low calcium intake to keep QOL on high level.
Effects of phenolics in Empire apples on hydrogen peroxide‐induced inhibition of gap‐junctional intercellular communication
Authors: Kang Nam Joo , Lee Ki Won , Lee Sang Jun , Lee Chang Yong , Lee Hyong Joo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated antioxidant and antitumor‐promoting activities of major phenolic phytochemicals of apples. The contents of each antioxidant in Empire apples was quantified and their contributions to total antioxidant activity of apples were determined using assay for inhibition of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced superoxide radical generation in cell culture model and expressed in vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC). The estimated contribution of major phenolics and vitamin C to total anitoxidant capacity of 100 g fresh Empire apples is as follows: quercetin (60.05 VCEAC) > chlorogenic acid (12.32) > phloretin (7.41) > procyanidin B2 (7.22) > vitamin C (6.61) > epicatechin (5.10) in superoxide radical scavenging assay. Recent reports suggest that the mechanism of carcinogenic process of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may be associated with the inhibition of gap‐junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), which is involved in tumor promotion process. Apple extracts showed the protective effects against the inhibition of GJIC by H2O2 in a dose‐dependent manner. Quercetin exerted the strongest protective effects among major antioxidants in apples on H2O2‐induced inhibition of GJIC, following epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and vitamin C, while chlorogenic acid and phloretin had no effects. Our results indicate that cancer chemopreventive activity of apples is associated with the combined antioxidant capacity and antitumor‐promoting activities of diverse antioxidants.
Black tea extract suppresses transformation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor induced by dioxin
Authors: Fukuda Itsuko , Sakane Iwao , Yabushita Yoshiyuki , Sawamura Shin‐Ichi , Kanazawa Kazuki , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDioxins cause various adverse effects through binding to an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and transformation of the receptor. In this study, we investigated whether black tea extract suppresses AhR transformation. Dried black tea leaves were extracted with 75% ethanol, and the extract was pretreated to the rat liver cytosol fraction 10 min prior to addition of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD). Transformed AhR was detected by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay. Black tea extract suppressed AhR transformation in a dose‐dependent manner, and the IC50value against 1 nM TCDD‐induced AhR transformation was 8.9 μ/ml. The result suggests that intake of black tea has a potential to suppress the AhR transformation, leading protection from dioxin toxicity.
Comparison of estrogen and genistein in their antigenotoxic effects, apoptosis and signal transduction protein expression patterns
Authors: Park Ock Jin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe antigenotoxic effects of estrogen and genistein (isoflavones) were compared by measuring the degree of protection against plasmid DNA strand breakage induced by peroxyl free radicals using the DNA strand scission assay with pBR322 DNA. Isoflavones decreased DNA strand breakage by AAPH radical treatment at the all of three concentrations tested (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 μ/ml) with the range of 89.5% to 99.6%. Compared to genistein, estrogen was not as effective as genistein showing 46.9% to 29.6% protection, and this protective effect was decreased as estrogen concentrations increased from 0.1 to 0.3 μ/ml. DNA ladder experiments showed that genistein induced apoptosis in cultured cell lines, whereas estrogen did not induce any apoptosis. The effects of cell signal trandsduction protein expression patterns were compared between estrogen and genistein. The increased expression of cyclin B1 by estrogen was tampered by genistein at the highest concentration. Antigenotoxic and antiproliferative effects of genistein shown in this study support the hypothesis that it has a chemopreventive effect against particular types of cancers.
Lentinan from shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) suppresses expression of cytochrome P450 1A subfamily in the mouse liver
Authors: Okamoto Takashi , Kodoi Rie , Nonaka Yuji , Fukuda Itsuko , Hashimoto Takashi , Kanazawa Kazuki , Mizuno Masashi , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInduction of xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes is related to the formation and chemoprevention of cancer. Since cytochrome P450s (CYPs) including CYP1A subfamily metabolize certain pro‐carcinogens to their ultimate forms, down‐regulation of CYP1As by food factors leads to the prevention of cancer. Mushroom polysaccharides, especially β‐glucans such as lentinan from Lentinus edodes, possess the anti‐tumor and immunomodulating activities through the cytokine production from immunocytes. Recent our studies have demonstrated that lentinan suppresses hepatic CYP1As expression in the both constitutive and inducible levels through the production of tumor necrosis factor‐α and an increase in the DNA‐binding activity of nuclear factor‐κB. This paper discusses on the effective lentinan dosage and route of administration for suppression of CYP1As.
3D collagen cultures under well‐defined dynamic strain: A novel strain device with a porous elastomeric support
Authors: Tomei Alice A. , Boschetti Federica , Gervaso Francesca , Swartz Melody A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe field of mechanobiology has grown tremendously in the past few decades, and it is now well accepted that dynamic stresses and strains can impact cell and tissue organization, cell–cell and cell–matrix communication, matrix remodeling, cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell migration, and many other cell behaviors in both physiological and pathophysiological situations. Natural reconstituted matrices like collagen and fibrin are often used for three‐dimensional (3D) mechanobiology studies because they naturally form fibrous architectures and are rich in cell adhesion sites; however, they are physically weak and typically contain >99% water, making it difficult to apply dynamic stresses to them in a truly 3D context. Here we present a composite matrix and strain device that can support natural matrices within a macroporous elastic structure of polyurethane. We characterize this system both in terms of its mechanical behavior and its ability to support the growth and in vivo‐like behaviors of primary human lung fibroblasts cultured in collagen. The porous polyurethane was created with highly interconnected pores in the hundreds of µm size scale, so that while it did not affect cell behavior in the collagen gel within the pores, it could control the overall elastic behavior of the entire tissue culture system. In this way, a well‐defined dynamic strain could be imposed on the 3D collagen and cells within the collagen for several days (with elastic recoil driven by the polyurethane) without the typical matrix contraction by fibroblasts when cultured in 3D collagen gels. We show lung fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast differentiation under 30%, 0.1 Hz dynamic strain to validate the model and demonstrate its usefulness for a wide range of tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 217–225. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus medialis longus really exist? A systematic review
Authors: Smith T.O. , Nichols R. , Harle D. , Donell S.T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThere remains controversy over whether the vastus medialis (VM) is a single anatomical structure or whether it is composed of two separate portions, the vastus medialis longus (VML) proximally and the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) distally. The objective of this study was to assess the evidence base of investigations into muscle fiber orientation, presence of a fibrofascial plane, and the innervation of the VM in human cadaver specimens and subjects. In addition to a hand search of specialist journals, an electronic search of AMED, British Nursing Index, CINAHL, the Cochrane database, EMBASE, ovid Medline, Pubmed, and Zetoc were performed from their inception to September 2008. All human subject papers assessing VM fiber orientation, presence of a fibrofascial plane, and the innervation of the VM where reviewed. Twenty‐six papers, assessing 699 healthy knees, and 591 specimens with patellofemoral dysfunction were reviewed. The majority of nonpathological and pathological cases presented with a substantial alteration in fiber alignment seen between proximal and distal muscle portions of VM. Both cohorts presented with either one or two nerve branches to the VM. A fibrofascial plane dividing these two muscles was seen in a small proportion of both pathological and nonpathological knees. There was, however, insufficient good quality evidence to state whether the VM is composed of two separate components, the proximal VML and the distal VMO. Further study is recommended to evaluate the pathophysiological implications of such findings and to assess whether these correlate to functional electromyographic findings between the VML and VMO muscles. Clin. Anat. 22:183–199, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve in Koreans
Authors: Kim Deog‐Im , Nam Seong‐Han , Nam Yong‐Seok , Lee Kyu‐Seok , Chung Rak‐Hee , Han Seung‐Ho 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe marginal mandibular branch (MMB) has a particular risk of injury during surgical procedures in the submandibular region, especially over the lower border of the mandible. The facial nerve has been described in many studies, but the MMB is dealt with generally as a branch of the facial nerve. The purpose of this study was to document the anatomy of the MMB by correlation with anatomical landmarks. Eighty‐five facial halves were examined for this study. The MMB was classified according to the number of branches and their connections with other branches, and by its relationship with landmarks of the gonion, facial artery, and retromandibular vein. The MMB showed one (28%), two (52%), three (18%), or four branches (2%) where it exited the parotid gland. Classification was based on connection with other branches. Type I (60%) did not communicate with other branches. Type II (40%) communicated with the buccal or cervical branches, or with another branch of the MMB. The cervicofacial division coursed along the lateral aspect of the retromandibular vein in 83% of specimens. The MMB passed the facial artery superficially (42%), passed it deeply in 4%, and ran on both sides of it in 54% of the facial halves. The distribution of the MMB formed a quadrilateral with angles +19.8 mm, −8.1 mm, +30.0 mm, and −15.3 mm measured from two sides on the inferior border of the mandible. These topographical data should help to decrease the incidence of injuries during surgery on the submandibular regions in Koreans. Clin. Anat. 22:207–214, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.