bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Hylamer polyethylene particles isolated from peri‐prosthetic tissues of failed cemented total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Iwakiri Kentaro , Iwaki Hiroyoshi , Kobayashi Akio , Minoda Yukihide , Kagiyama Hiroshi , Kadoya Yoshinori , Takaoka Kunio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPolyethylene wear particles are one of the most important factors affecting the results of total hip arthroplasty. Hylamer, a highly crystalized ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene, has been used in total hip arthroplasty for wear reduction, but has exhibited high wear rate and excessive osteolysis. The aim of the present study was to examine Hylamer wear particles in peri‐prosthetic tissues with osteolysis obtained from two cases of failed cemented total hip arthroplasty at 8 and 6 years after operation. Polyethylene particles were isolated, and examined using a scanning electron microscope and image analyzer. Total numbers of Hylamer polyethylene particles in the two cases were 5.6 × 109 and 8.0 × 109 g−1. Particle sizes (in equivalent circle diameter) for the two cases were 1.07 ± 0.06 μm and 1.16 ± 0.05 μm, and particle shapes (roundness) were 3.05 ± 0.22 and 3.76 ± 0.28. The Hylamer polyethylene particles were larger in size and more elongated and their number was larger, compared with the corresponding reported values for particles generated from conventional polyethylene. This increase in particle number and elongation may lead to early osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty with Hylamer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
PMMA bone cement containing a quaternary amine comonomer with potential antibacterial properties
Authors: Deb S. , Doiron R. , DiSilvio L. , Punyani S. , Singh H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn iodinated quaternary amine dimethacrylate monomer was synthesized and incorporated as a comonomer in acrylic bone cements. Bone cement is used in orthopaedic surgery and imparting antibacterial properties to the cement can be beneficial in the lowering of bacterial infection post surgery. PMMA based bone cements were modified by copolymerising the monomer methylmethacrylate (MMA) with a quaternary amine dimethacrylate by using the redox initiator activator system as used for curing commercial bone cements. The cements were prepared using the commercial PMMA bone cement CMW and the liquid component was modified with the amine to render antimicrobial properties to the cement. The physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of the modified cements were evaluated; in addition, the viability of the cement to function as a orthopaedic cement was also established, especially with an advantage of it being radiopaque, due to the inclusion of the iodine containing quaternary amine. The cytotoxicity of the modified cements were tested using a human cell model and the results indicated that the cells remained metabolically active and proliferated when placed in direct contact with the experimental cement specimens. The cements and their eluants did not evoke any cytotoxic response. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Age‐dependent effects of TWEAK/Fn14 receptor activation on neural progenitor cells
Authors: Hamill C. A. , Michaelson J. S. , Hahm Kyungmin , Burkly Linda C. , Kessler J. A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTWEAK/Fn14 signaling regulates progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in multiple organ systems. This study examined the effects of TWEAK (tumor necrosis factor–like weak inducer of apoptosis) treatment on cultured mouse neural progenitor cells. The receptor for TWEAK is expressed by neural progenitor cells from the early embryonic stages through postnatal development. Although embryonic day 12 (E12) and postnatal day 1 (PN1) neural progenitor cells both express the receptor for TWEAK, TWEAK treatment of cultured E12 and PN1 progenitor cells resulted in age‐dependent effects on proliferation and on neurite extension by neuronal progeny. TWEAK treatment did not alter proliferation of E12 neural progenitor cells but shifted PN1 progenitor cells toward cell‐cycle phases G0 and G1 and reduced the rate at which they incorporated CldU. Conversely, the effects of TWEAK on axon elongation were more prominent in the earlier developmental stage. TWEAK induced extensive neurite outgrowth by the neuronal progeny of E12 but not PN1 progenitors. Treatment of the E12 progenitor cells with a TWEAK‐neutralizing antibody repressed neurite extension, indicating that endogenous activation of this pathway may be required for neurite extension by the embryonic neuronal progeny. These studies indicate that TWEAK/Fn14 receptor activation exerts different effects on neural progenitor cells and their progeny depending on the developmental stage of the cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons in 6‐hydroxydopamine rat model of parkinson's disease does not involve activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3
Authors: Ebert Allison D. , Hann Hoo Jae , Bohn Martha C. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract6‐Hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA), a neurotoxin that causes the death of dopamine (DA) neurons, is commonly used to produce experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD) in rodents. In the rat model of PD first described by Sauer and Oertel, DA neurons progressively die over several weeks following a striatal injection of 6‐OHDA. It is generally assumed that DA neurons die through apoptosis after exposure to 6‐OHDA, but data supporting activation of a caspase enzymatic cascade are lacking. In this study, we sought to determine if caspases involved in the intrinsic apoptotic cascade play a role in the initial stages of 6‐OHDA‐induced death of DA neurons in the progressively lesioned rat model of PD. We found that injection of 6‐OHDA into adult rat striatum did not activate caspase‐9 or caspase‐3 or increase levels of caspase‐dependent cleavage products in the substantia nigra at various survival times up to 7 days after the lesion, even though this paradigm produced DA neuronal loss. These data suggest that in the adult rat brain DA neurons whose terminals are challenged with 6‐OHDA do not die through a classical caspase‐dependent apoptotic mechanism. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peptide hormone exendin‐4 stimulates subventricular zone neurogenesis in the adult rodent brain and induces recovery in an animal model of parkinson's disease
Authors: Bertilsson Göran , Patrone Cesare , Zachrisson Olof , Andersson Annica , Dannaeus Karin , Heidrich Jessica , Kortesmaa Jarkko , Mercer Alex , Nielsen Elisabet , Rönnholm Harriet , Wikström Lilian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe investigated the effects of exendin‐4 on neural stem/progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of the adult rodent brain and its functional effects in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Our results showed expression of GLP‐1 receptor mRNA or protein in the subventricular zone and cultured neural stem/progenitor cells isolated from this region. In vitro, exendin‐4 increased the number of neural stem/progenitor cells, and the number of cells expressing the neuronal markers microtubule‐associated protein 2, β‐III‐tubulin, and neuron‐specific enolase. When exendin‐4 was given intraperitoneally to naïve rodents together with bromodeoxyuridine, a marker for DNA synthesis, both the number of bromodeoxyuridine‐positive cells and the number of neuronal precursor cells expressing doublecortin were increased. Exendin‐4 was tested in the 6‐hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease to investigate its possible functional effects in an animal model with neuronal loss. After unilateral lesion and a 5‐week stabilization period, the rats were treated for 3 weeks with exendin‐4. We found a reduction of amphetamine‐induced rotations in animals receiving exendin‐4 that persisted for several weeks after drug administration had been terminated. Histological analysis showed that exendin‐4 significantly increased the number of both tyrosine hydroxylase‐ and vesicular monoamine transporter 2‐positive neurons in the substantia nigra. In conclusion, our results show that exendin‐4 is able to promote adult neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo, normalize dopamine imbalance, and increase the number of cells positive for markers of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in a model of Parkinson's disease. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transsynaptic modulation of the synaptic vesicle cycle by cell‐adhesion molecules
Authors: Gottmann Kurt 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDelicate control of the synaptic vesicle cycle is required to meet the demands imposed on synaptic transmission by the brain's complex information processing. In addition to intensively analyzed intrinsic regulation, extrinsic modulation of the vesicle cycle by the postsynaptic target neuron has become evident. Recent studies have demonstrated that several families of synaptic cell‐adhesion molecules play a significant role in transsynaptic retrograde signaling. Different adhesion systems appear to specifically target distinct steps of the synaptic vesicle cycle. Signaling via classical cadherins regulates the recruitment of synaptic vesicles to the active zone. The neurexin/neuroligin system has been shown to modulate presynaptic release probability. In addition, reverse signaling via the EphB/ephrinB system plays an important role in the activity‐dependent induction of long‐term potentiation of presynaptic transmitter release. Moreover, the first hints of involvement of cell‐adhesion molecules in vesicle endocytosis have been published. A general hypothesis is that specific adhesion systems might use different but parallel transsynaptic signaling pathways able to selectively modulate each step of the synaptic vesicle cycle in a tightly coordinated manner. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New implications for the QUAKING RNA binding protein in human disease
Authors: Chénard Carol Anne , Richard Stéphane 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe use of spontaneously occurring mouse models has proved to be a valuable tool throughout the years to delineate the signals required for nervous system development. This is especially true in the field of myelin biology, with a large number of different models available. The quaking viable mouse models dysmyelination in the nervous system and links the QUAKING RNA binding proteins to myelination and cell fate decisions. In this Mini‐Review, we highlight the biological functions attributed to this KH‐type RNA binding protein and the recent achievements linking it to human disorders. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Properties of refrigerated ground beef treated with potassium lactate and sodium diacetate
Authors: Fik Mirosław , Surówka Krzysztof , Firek Bożena 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ground meat is product that perishes easily and therefore various preservatives are applied to prolong its shelf life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potassium lactate and sodium diacetate (Protec K‐DI preparation) on general proteolytic activity, protein degradation, texture, colour and water‐holding capacity of vacuum‐packaged ground beef.RESULTS: The activity of endogenous proteolytic enzymes, and hence the rate of protein hydrolysis changed significantly (P < 0.05) during refrigerated storage. The proteolysis was more intensive in the meat with the preservative than in a control sample. According to the results of SDS‐PAGE, the level of myosin in ground beef decreased with increasing storage time, whereas the preservative did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on these changes. However, its impact was the most significant in the case of tropomyosin and troponin T content, as well as changes of 30 kDa protein content. The preservative as well as the increase in storage time influenced an increase in content of polypeptides, peptides and some amino acids in the samples, and had an inhibiting effect on unfavourable changes in ground beef hardness. The preservative addition allowed the meat to maintain desired meat colour, and the main pigment during refrigerated storage was oxymyoglobin (MbO2).CONCLUSION: Results showed that the Protec K‐DI preparation can be useful in minced meat production as a good stabiliser of colour and texture despite the increase observed in proteolytic activity after the preservative addition. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Dendritic Polymers Based on Urethane Chemistry – Syntheses and Applications
Authors: Bruchmann Bernd 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe development of dendritic polymers, including dendrimers as well as hyperbranched or highly branched polymers, is rapidly growing in all fields of polymer chemistry. This review article focuses on dendritic polymers based on urethane chemistry as a principle of construction, summarizing synthetic approaches based on isocyanate chemistry as well as on isocyanate free processes. Furthermore, scientific publications and patent literature were investigated to provide a comprehensive overview of applications where dendritic polyurethanes show their specific chemical and physical potential.magnified image
Homogenization of a boundary‐value problem with a nonlinear boundary condition in a thick junction of type 3:2:1
Authors: Mel'nyk Taras A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe consider a boundary‐value problem for the Poisson equation in a thick junction Ωε, which is the union of a domain Ω0and a large number of ε‐periodically situated thin curvilinear cylinders. The following nonlinear Robin boundary condition ∂νuε+ εκ(uε)=0 is given on the lateral surfaces of the thin cylinders. The asymptotic analysis of this problem is performed as ε → 0, i.e. when the number of the thin cylinders infinitely increases and their thickness tends to zero. We prove the convergence theorem and show that the nonlinear Robin boundary condition is transformed (as ε → 0) in the blow‐up term of the corresponding ordinary differential equation in the region that is filled up by the thin cylinders in the limit passage. The convergence of the energy integral is proved as well. Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, the approximation for the solution is constructed and the corresponding asymptotic error estimate in the Sobolev spaceH1(Ωε) is proved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal pelvic response to cough in women with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Deffieux Xavier , Hubeaux Katelyne , Porcher Raphael , Ismael Samer Sheikh , Raibaut Patrick , Amarenco Gérard 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAimsTo assess how muscular fatigue deteriorates the modulation of pelvic contraction during increasing cough efforts. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between the temporal course of pelvic floor activation during cough.MethodsInformed consent was obtained from 20 women presenting with SUI and 6 continent women (overactive bladder syndrome [OAB]). Bladder pressure (BP) and external anal sphincter electromyographic activity (EAS EMGi) were recorded concomitantly during increasing cough efforts. Modulation of pelvic contraction was assessed before and after two types of intense pelvic exercise (Exercise #1: 10 successive strong cough efforts; Exercise #2: 10 pelvic contractions followed by a maximal pelvic contraction) at 0, 200, and 400 ml of bladder filling. We have also recorded electromyographic activity of external intercostal (EIC) muscles.ResultsWhereas the Exercise 1 had no effect on modulation, the Exercise 2 altered significantly the modulation of pelvic contraction during increasing cough efforts (P = 0.043) only in women presenting with SUI. The bladder filling volume seems to not significantly modify this modulation (P = 0.12). Median latency between the onset of the EAS EMGi and the onset of the EIC EMGi was −470 and −60 msec in OAB group and in SUI group, respectively (P = 0.012). There was a good correlation between mean latency (default of EAS EMGi pre‐activation) and an altered modulation of pelvic contraction during increasing cough efforts (P = 0.040).ConclusionsSome women with SUI exhibit an altered pattern of the PFM response during increasing coughing efforts. The lack of this modulation of PFM response to stress may be one of the pathophysiologic factors of SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:291–296, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of action research in practice development units
Authors: Jinks Annette , Marsden Cathy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a haematology practice development unit. A recurring dichotomy in the literature reviewed is whether such practice development units should be aimed at nurses or at nursing practice. The processes of ensuring the robustness of a series of action research projects are described. All of these projects aim to explore patient perspectives of their illnesses and identify how to improve their care. National Health Service Trust and university partnership arrangements are identified as being of central importance to accreditation processes and to verification of the appropriateness of research outcomes. Staff development initiatives discussed include offering work‐based learning opportunities. It is concluded that to disassociate patients, and how best to improve their care, from the development of practitioners is unhelpful. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudes to starting insulin in primary care
Authors: Burden ML , Burden AC 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to measure the attitudes of patients, practice nurses (PNs) and general practitioners (GPs) when starting insulin in people with type 2 diabetes in primary care.The study methods involved: (1) examining patient attitudes and collecting safety data; and (2) examining the attitudes of GPs and PNs and assessing competencies. The study was conducted in a general practice diabetic clinic, where GPs and PNs were developing new skills under supervision.Forty‐two patients who had started insulin were given questionnaires; 39 were returned. In all, 100% rated encouragement given by PNs as very good, and were satisfied with the follow‐up contact they had received; 100% acknowledged it was very important to have good glycaemic control; 88% had gained good support from friends, family and their surgery during initiation of insulin; and 92% found the information easy to understand, were confident with their injections and were happy to adjust the dose of insulin. Of 17 GPs and PNs, 14 felt empowered to manage those patients who were on maximum tolerated oral hypoglycaemic therapy and needed to go onto insulin but this fell to seven when asked whether they felt confident to discuss the full range of insulin and insulin devices. Thirty‐seven GPs and PNs who between them had started 200 patients on insulin attended a focus group ‐ this identified issues that informed the primary care trust setting up the locally enhanced diabetes service contract.People with type 2 diabetes found starting insulin in their GP's practice satisfactory, and were self‐managing and confident. Most GPs and PNs were confident about initiating insulin. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
A survey to assess the preferences of patients with diabetes for the time and location of their outpatient appointments
Authors: Baggri HS , Jenkins D 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRecent NHS reforms aim to give increased choice of specialist services to patients. Using a questionnaire survey, we ascertained the preferences of patients with diabetes for the time and location of their diabetes outpatient appointments.Questionnaires were distributed to all attendees at consecutive Worcestershire Royal Hospital diabetes adult outpatient clinics during three weeks in 2005. Questionnaires were completed anonymously.A total of 154 patients completed questionnaires (response rate 99%). The age range was 20‐88 years. In all, 47% worked full time, 6% worked part time, 38% were retired and 9% were unemployed. Seventy‐five percent travelled to their appointments by car, 8% by public transport, 6% by taxi, 3% by hospital transport and 8% by other means. Eighty‐one percent of car travellers had difficulty in parking. In total, 47% would prefer to see the diabetes team at a general practice, 43% at the general hospital and 9% at a community hospital. Twenty‐eight percent would prefer any weekday and 38% had no preference. Less than 6% would prefer a weekend appointment. Forty‐four percent would prefer mornings, 26% afternoons and 8% evening appointments; 22% did not mind. Sixteen percent of the sample cared for others during weekdays. Thirty‐six percent of carers preferred morning appointments, 40% the afternoon. Twelve percent wanted to be seen after 5pm. Seventy‐six percent of carers preferred to be seen on a weekday. None wanted to be seen on a Saturday.It was concluded that, in this area, people with diabetes want clinic appointments in either general practice or a general hospital, preferring appointments on weekday mornings. These results may have general relevance. We suggest that similar surveys become routine to inform future planning. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Diabetes and complementary therapies: mapping the evidence
Authors: Pilkington K , Stenhouse E , Kirkwood G , Richardson J 
Published: September 2007

AbstractComplementary therapies are widely used by people with diabetes for the condition itself, for diabetes‐related complications or for non‐diabetes related problems. The aim of this review is to summarise the current research evidence on complementary therapies in the management of diabetes and resulting complications.The review draws primarily on systematic reviews conducted as part of the CAMEOL project (www.rccm.org.uk/cameol), included in the Cochrane Library or on the National Library for Health Complementary and Alternative Medicine Specialist Library (www.library.nhs.uk/cam). Searches were also carried out for studies published subsequently or on other therapies to provide an indication of overall research activity.Systematic reviews were found or conducted on a range of herbs, dietary supplements, massage, acupuncture, homoeopathy, hypnotherapy, meditation, reflexology and yoga. Individual studies were located on several other therapies. Studies addressed metabolic control, general well‐being and complications. Herbs and dietary supplements continue to be the main focus of research activity. Acupuncture trials are also numerous but almost exclusively conducted in China using traditional approaches. For most other therapies, research evidence is limited by extent or quality.Overall, limited data from well‐designed randomised controlled trials are available and results are difficult to translate into clinical practice. Based on promising findings, several herbs, dietary supplements, exercise or body‐based therapies and acupuncture require further investigation. For most therapies, well‐designed robust studies replicating small preliminary studies are required to support those involved in diabetes care in providing evidence‐based advice on the safe and effective use of complementary therapies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.