bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and Genetic Wrappers for Improved Phage and RNA Display
Authors: Lamboy Jorge A. , Tam Phillip Y. , Lee Lucie S. , Jackson Pilgrim J. , Avrantinis Sara K. , Lee Hye J. , Corn Robert M. , Weiss Gregory A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn Achilles heel inherent to all molecular display formats, background binding between target and display system introduces false positives into screens and selections. For example, the negatively charged surfaces of phage, mRNA, and ribosome display systems bind with unacceptably high nonspecificity to positively charged target molecules, which represent an estimated 35 % of proteins in the human proteome. Here we report the first systematic attempt to understand why a broad class of molecular display selections fail, and then solve the underlying problem for both phage and RNA display. Firstly, a genetic strategy was used to introduce a short, charge‐neutralizing peptide into the solvent‐exposed, negatively charged phage coat. The modified phage (KO7+) reduced or eliminated nonspecific binding to the problematic high‐pI proteins. In the second, chemical approach, nonspecific interactions were blocked by oligolysine wrappers in the cases of phage and total RNA. For phage display applications, the peptides Lysn (where n=16 to 24) emerged as optimal for wrapping the phage. Lys8, however, provided effective wrappers for RNA binding in assays against the RNA binding protein HIV‐1 Vif. The oligolysine peptides blocked nonspecific binding to allow successful selections, screens, and assays with five previously unworkable protein targets.
Successful percutaneous coronary intervention after implantation of a CoreValve percutaneous aortic valve
Authors: Geist Volker , Sherif Mohammad A. , Khattab Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground: The association between aortic valve disease and coronary atherosclerosis is common. In the recent era of percutaneous aortic valve replacement (PAVR), there is little experience with coronary artery intervention after valve implantation. Case report: To our knowledge, this is the first case of successful percutaneous coronary intervention after implantation of a CoreValve percutaneous aortic valve. We report a case of a 79‐year‐old female patient who underwent successful coronary artery intervention few months after a CoreValve's percutaneous implantation for severe aortic valve stenosis. Verifying the position of the used wires (crossing from inside the self expanding frame) is of utmost importance before proceeding to coronary intervention. In this case, crossing the aortic valve, coronary angiography, and multivessel stenting were successfully performed. Conclusion: Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with previous CoreValve is feasible and safe. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The “art” of medicine and the “smokescreen” of the randomized trial off‐label use of vascular devices
Authors: Ansel Gary M. , Jaff Michael R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOnce a device is approved for sale in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it can legally be used by doctors to treat any condition a physician determines is medically appropriate. Based on postmarket published data and physician procedural experience, this may even become the standard of care when an alternative device either does not exist or is inferior in performance, even before FDA approval. This right of physicians to practice medicine without FDA approval is Federal law. The off‐label use of medical devices for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease has recently become the latest target by groups with interests that have little to do with patient care. This interference has begun to negatively impact the latitude necessary for physicians to best treat their patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autologous cell‐based therapy for ischemic heart disease: Clinical evidence, proposed mechanisms of action, and current limitations
Authors: Perin Emerson C. , Silva Guilherme V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCell‐based therapy is a promising approach for cardiac repair in patients with coronary artery disease. In preclinical and early clinical studies, investigators have preliminary evidence showing that stem cell therapy can safely and effectively improve myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function. Cardiac stem cell therapy may decrease left ventricular remodeling in cases of myocardial infarction and may alleviate symptoms and prevent cardiac enlargement in chronic ischemic heart disease. Various mechanisms, including paracrine effects, are believed to contribute to stem cell‐mediated cardiac repair. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal timing of therapy, best mode of delivery, and most effective cell dose. Cardiac stem cell therapy promises to become an important option for treating patients with coronary artery disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sudden cardiac death complicating alcohol septal ablation: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Antoun Patrick , Masry Hicham El , Breall Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOver the years, alcohol septal ablation has become an effective and well‐accepted modality in the treatment of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy refractory to standard medical therapy. Malignant tachyarrythmias infrequently complicates the procedure and are usually self‐terminating. We describe a case of alcohol septal ablation complicated by sudden cardiac death occurring immediately following the procedure requiring prolonged resuscitative efforts with eventual complete recovery. We also discuss the pathophysiologic significance of this event in the setting of this cardiomyopathy and its relevance as a complication of the procedure. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bubble Size Distribution in Oil‐Based Bubble Columns
Authors: Homayouni S.‐S. , Mehrnia M.‐R. , Mostoufi N. , Rajabi M. , Yazdani A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA practical population balance model was used to evaluate the bubble size distribution in a bubble column. In addition, the bubble size distribution in the bubble column was measured at different gas velocities by photography and analysis of the pictures. Four types of liquid, i.e., water and three petroleum‐based liquids, were used in the experiments. The gas phase was air. It was found that the existing models in the literature are not able to satisfactorily predict the experimentally measured bubble size distribution. The model can be corrected by applying a correction factor to the energy dissipation rate. The corrected model fits the experimental bubble size distribution considerably better than the existing models. The variation of this correction factor is reported for different systems at different gas velocities.
Short note: Estimating the number of pure chemical components in a mixture by maximum likelihood
Authors: Malinowski Edmund R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractComputations attributed to the Malinowski F‐test are incorrect because they were based on determining the equality of secondary eigenvalues instead of the equality of reduced eigenvalues as prescribed in the original work of Malinowski. When the correct expression was employed, the results were found to be in complete agreement with expectations. This does not, in any way, affect the validity of the proposed MLE methodology, which appears to be a valuable tool in the chemometric arsenal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable Naphthenic Acid Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Quantitative Structure–Biodegradation Relationship
Authors: Yu Yinghao , Lu Xingmei , Zhou Qing , Dong Kun , Yao Hongwei , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt has been confirmed that commonly used ionic liquids are not easily biodegradable. When ultimately disposed of or accidentally released, they would accumulate in the environment, which strongly restricts large‐scale industrial applications of ionic liquids. Herein, ten biodegradable ionic liquids were prepared by a single, one‐pot neutralization of choline and surrogate naphthenic acids. The structures of these naphthenic acid ionic liquids (NAILs) were characterized and confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, and their physical properties, such as densities, viscosities, conductivities, melting points (Tm), glass transition points (Tg), and the onset temperatures of decomposition (Td), were determined. More importantly, studies showed that these NAILs would be rapidly and completely biodegraded in aquatic environments under aerobic conditions, which would make them attractive candidates to be utilized in industrial processes. To explore the underlying mechanism involved in the NAIL biodegradation reaction and seek prediction of their biodegradability under environmental conditions, four molecular descriptors were chosen: the logarithm of the n‐octanol/water partition coefficient (log P), van der Waals volume (VvdW), energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), and energies of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO). Through multiple linear regression, a general and qualified model including the biodegradation percentage for NAILs after the 28‐day OECD 301D test (%B28) and molecular descriptors was developed. Regression analysis showed that the model was statistically significant at the 99 % confidence interval, thus indicating that the %B28 of NAILs could be explained well by the quantum chemical descriptor EHOMO, which might give some important clues in the discovery of biodegradable ionic liquids of other kinds.
Energetic Ionic Liquids based on Lanthanide Nitrate Complex Anions
Authors: Tao Guo‐Hong , Huang Yangen , Boatz Jerry A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEnergetic ionic liquids based on anionic lanthanide nitrate complexes Cat+3[Ln(NO3)6]3−, where Cat+ is guanidinium, 4‐aminotriazolium, 4‐amino‐1‐methyltriazolium, 4‐amino‐1‐ethyltriazolium, 4‐amino‐1‐butyltriazolium, 1,5‐diaminotetrazolium, and 1,5‐diamino‐4‐methyltetrazolium, were prepared. The hexanitratolanthanate (‐cerate) salts with the last two cations, which are the first CO‐balanced energetic ionic liquids that are stable to hydrolysis and air, have impact sensitivities of about 27 J. These ionic liquids were obtained by an environmentally friendly, simple method using nitrate‐containing precursors. All salts were fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and determination of thermal stability, phase behavior, density, and water content. According to theoretical calculations, these new compounds have potential as propellants.
A series of new C2‐symmetric amino alcohols with multicoordination groups: Promising catalysts for synthesis of both enantiomers in the borane‐mediated reduction of prochiral ketones
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wang Ya‐Wen , Dou Wei , Zhang Dong , Liu Wei‐Sheng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA series of new C2‐symmetric amino alcohols with multicoordination groups have been synthesized and successfully applied as catalysts in the borane asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones in refluxing toluene, providing the corresponding secondary alcohols with up to 90% ee. An unusual temperature‐dependent reversal of stereochemistry was also observed. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aerosols and gaseous contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging of the lung
Authors: Mosbah Karim , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesus , Berthezène Yves , Crémillieux Yannick 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging of lungs and the investigation of pulmonary pathologies with this technique are limited by low proton spin density, degraded magnetic homogeneity and motion. Inhaled contrast agents (gases or aerosols) can improve the diagnostic value of MRI for lung. Paramagnetic contrast agents such as gadolinium chelates aerosol or dioxygen gas increase the relaxivity of proton in lung parenchyma and can be used to assess the ventilated fraction of the bronchoalveolar space. Similarly, inhalation of non proton‐MRI nuclei such as perfluorinated gas or hyperpolarized gases (3He or 129Xe) can provide functional ventilation image. In this review paper, the principles, the practical implementation, the limitations and possible safety issues of these different techniques are summarized. The main pre‐clinical and clinical applications of these approaches based on oral contrast agents are reviewed and illustrated with cutting‐edge lung MRI studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prospective feasibility trial to determine the significance of the sentinel node gradient in breast cancer
Authors: Bleicher Richard J. , O'Sullivan Martin J. , Ciocca Vincenzo , Ciocca Robin M. , Perkins L. Allen , Ross Eric , Li Tianyu , Patchefsky Arthur S. , Sigurdson Elin R. , Joseph Natalie E. , Sesa Linda , Morrow Monica 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy is standard for breast cancer staging, but SN dye gradients and their significance have never been characterized. If predictive of SN metastasis location, their use for focused pathology examination might improve intraoperative imprint cytology sensitivity.METHODS.This prospective trial enrolled clinically lymph node‐negative patients with invasive breast cancer not undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surgeons marked SN gradients at their bluest end. Nodal halves were examined separately by imprint cytology, and the marked SN half was correlated to metastasis location. Demographic, pathologic, and prognostic features were recorded.RESULTS.Mean patient age and tumor size for the 102 patients was 59.6 years and 2.2 cm, respectively. Of 169 SNs, 159 (94.1%) had dye gradients, which varied by tumor quadrant, but not by histology, diagnosis method, grade, or stage. Among 41 marked SNs with metastases, 92.7% were present in the halves marked by the surgeon. Fourteen were confined to 1 nodal half, with 11 on the marked side and 3 on the unmarked side (P = .029). Metastases were smaller when confined to 1 versus both SN halves (0.14 vs 0.75 cm; P = .005), and smaller (0.87 vs 0.13 cm; P < .0001) when missed intraoperatively.CONCLUSIONS.Dye gradients occur in most SNs and predict metastasis location. The smallest metastases are hardest to detect intraoperatively and are usually confined to the marked SN half. This suggests that marking an SN's bluest half warrants further study to explore whether its correlation to metastasis location may be exploited to focus pathologic examination and decrease the reoperative axillary dissection rate. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of c‐Met expression in glioblastomas
Authors: Kong Doo‐Sik , Song Sang‐Yong , Kim Duk‐Hwan , Joo Kyeung Min , Yoo Jin‐San , Koh Jong Sung , Dong Seung Myung , Suh Yeon‐Lim , Lee Jung‐Il , Park Kwan , Kim Jong Hyun , Nam Do‐Hyun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUD:The authors investigated whether expression of c‐Met protein in glioblastomas is associated with overall survival and biologic features representing tumor invasiveness in patients with glioblastomas.METHODS:Paraffin‐embedded specimens of glioblastomas from 62 patients treated in a single institution were assessed by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of c‐Met expression. On the basis of the clinical data for these patients, the association between c‐Met expression and clinicobiologic features representing tumor invasiveness was analyzed.RESULTS:c‐Met overexpression was detected in 29.0% (18 of 62) of glioblastomas. In patients with c‐Met overexpression, the median survival was 11.7 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 9.9 months‐13.5 months), compared with a median survival of 14.3 months (95% CI, 7.6 months‐21.0 months) for patients whose tumors had no or little expression of c‐Met (P = .031). On the radiographic analysis, 9 of 18 patients (50%) with tumors overexpressing c‐Met demonstrated invasive and multifocal lesions on the initial magnetic resonance images, whereas only 9 of 44 patients (20.5%) with tumors that expressed no or little c‐Met demonstrated these features (P = .030). Using immunohistochemistry, we also found a significant association between c‐Met expression and matrix metalloproteinase‐2,‐9 (P = .020 and P = .013). Furthermore, Myc overexpression was found to be closely correlated with c‐Met overexpression on IHC analysis (P = .004).CONCLUSIONS:The authors suggest that c‐Met overexpression is associated with shorter survival time and poor treatment response in glioblastomas, the mechanism for which is elevated tumor invasiveness on the molecular and clinical phenotypes. This implies that more effective therapeutic strategies targeting c‐Met receptors may have important clinical implication. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of astroglial death in the rat hippocampo‐entorhinal complex following pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus
Authors: Kim Duk‐Soo , Kim Ji‐Eun , Kwak Sung‐Eun , Choi Kyung‐Chan , Kim Dae‐Won , Kwon Oh‐Shin , Choi Soo‐Young , Kang Tae‐Cheon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecently we reported that astroglial loss and subsequent gliogenesis in the dentate gyrus play a role in epileptogenesis following pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE). In the present study we investigated whether astroglial damages in the hippocampo‐entorhinal complex following SE are relevant to pathological or electrophysiological properties of temporal lobe epilepsy. Astroglial loss/damage was observed in the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 region at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after SE, respectively. These astroglial responses in the hippocampo‐entorhinal cortex were accompanied by hyperexcitability of the CA1 region (impairment of paired‐pulse inhibition and increase in excitability ratio). Unlike the dentate gyrus and the entorhinal cortex, CA1 astroglial damage was protected by conventional anti‐epileptic drugs. α‐Aminoadipic acid (a specific astroglial toxin) infusion into the entorhinal cortex induced astroglial damage and changed the electrophysiological properties in the CA1 region. Astroglial regeneration in the dentate gyrus and the stratum oriens of the CA1 region was found to originate from gliogenesis, while that in the entorhinal cortex and stratum radiatum of the CA1 region originated from in situ proliferation. These findings suggest that regional specific astroglial death/regeneration patterns may play an important role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:581–598, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the serotoninergic system in the central nervous system of a shark, the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula
Authors: Carrera Iván , Molist Pilar , Anadón Ramón , Rodríguez‐Moldes Isabel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChondrychthyans (cartilaginous fishes) are key to understanding the ancestral gnathostome condition since they provide an outgroup to sarcopterygians and actinopterygians. To gain comparative knowledge about the development of the vertebrate serotoninergic systems, we studied by immunohistochemistry the origin, spatiotemporal organization, and migration patterns of serotonin‐containing neurons and the growth of axonal pathways in the central nervous system of a shark, the lesser spotted dogfish. Hindbrain serotonin‐immunoreactive cells arose close to the floor plate and most populations migrated ventrally and mediolaterally to form the various raphe and reticular groups. The order of appearance of serotoninergic populations in the rhombencephalon and spinal cord (first the superior groups and then the inferior and spinal populations) roughly matched with that reported in other vertebrates but important differences were noted in the formation of prosencephalic groups in fishes. In addition to preoptic and hypothalamic areas, serotoninergic cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting cells were observed in the isthmus (raphe dorsalis anterioris). Transient serotonin‐immunoreactive cells were noted in the pineal organ, habenula, and pretectum. Further, we provide a revised anatomical framework for reticular and raphe serotoninergic populations considering their origin and segmental organization. Two distinct phases of development of the serotoninergic innervation were distinguished, that of the formation of the main axonal pathways and that of the branching of fibers. The development of main serotoninergic ascending pathways in dogfish was notably similar to that described in mammals. Our findings suggest the conservation of developmental patterns in serotoninergic systems and enhance the importance of elasmobranchs for understanding the early evolution of this system in vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:804–831, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex differences and laterality in astrocyte number and complexity in the adult rat medial amygdala
Authors: Johnson Ryan T. , Breedlove S. Marc , Jordan Cynthia L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe posterodorsal portion of the medial amygdala (MePD) is sexually dimorphic in several rodent species. In several other brain nuclei, astrocytes change morphology in response to steroid hormones. We visualized MePD astrocytes using glial‐fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunocytochemistry. We compared the number and process complexity of MePD astrocytes in adult wildtype male and female rats and testicular feminized mutant (TFM) male rats that lack functional androgen receptors (ARs) to determine whether MePD astrocytes are sexually differentiated and whether ARs have a role. Unbiased stereological methods revealed laterality and sex differences in MePD astrocyte number and complexity. The right MePD contained more astrocytes than the left in all three genotypes, and the number of astrocytes was also sexually differentiated in the right MePD, with males having more astrocytes than females. In contrast, the left MePD contained more complex astrocytes than did the right MePD in all three genotypes, and males had more complex astrocytes than females in this hemisphere. TFM males were comparable to wildtype females, having fewer astrocytes on the right and simpler astrocytes on the left than do wildtype males. Taken together, these results demonstrate that astrocytes are sexually dimorphic in the adult MePD and that the nature of the sex difference is hemisphere‐dependent: a sex difference in astrocyte number in the right MePD and a sex difference in astrocyte complexity in the left MePD. Moreover, functional ARs appear to be critical in establishing these sex differences in MePD astrocyte morphology. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:599–609, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.