bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in the bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus from the Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
Authors: Apio A. , Palth M. , Wronski T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeasonal, host sex and age-related variations in helminth egg and coccidian oocyst counts were investigated in a naturally infected wild bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) population in Queen Elizabeth National Park, western Uganda from April 2000 to February 2002. The prevalence and mean intensity quantified as the number of eggs and oocysts per gram of faeces were taken as a measure of parasite burdens. Host sex and age-related differences in prevalence values were not found but the overall prevalence of Eimeria sp. was significantly higher during the rainy season, and peak counts were recorded either during or soon after a peak rainfall. A similar trend was observed for Moniezia spp., although the results were marginally not significant. There were also no significant differences in mean intensity values, relative to host sex, age or season.
Two-Phase Flow Patterns of Air – Water and Oil in Mini Channel Against Horizontal Position
Authors: Sukamta  , Faiz Z A , Sudarja  , Sundari S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Two-phase flow is the simplest form of multi-phase flow or multi-component flow. Inside a two-phase flow, two phases or components flow simultaneously. The most important thing to ensure is not to let a flow pattern occur that can increase the flow pressure to increase very extremely so that it will damage the piping system or channel, both on the mini, small channels, and large channels. The flow pattern’s main parameters include superficial velocity, fluid density, and viscosity. Therefore, it is crucial to examine how influential these parameters are in forming flow patterns. This experimental study used an acrylic pipe 160 mm long with a diameter of 1.6 mm in a horizontal position. The liquid solution used is a water-coconut oil emulsion of 350 mg/dl and a water-oil emulsion of 500 mg/dl. The superficial velocity of the gas (JG) = 0.083 m/s - 76.604 m/s and the superficial velocity of the liquid (JL) = 0.041 m/s - 4.145 m/s. The resulting Flow Pattern is Plug, Slug Annular, Annular, and churn. Changes in the mixture of water emulsions and coconut oil have little effect on the flow pattern of a plug, slug annular, and annular and significantly affect the flow pattern of churn. This significant influence occurs because the variation in the mixture of water and oil emulsions greatly affects the difference in viscosity of liquids, namely 130.00 Cp and 161.66 Cp, thus affecting the type of flow pattern. In this study, a bubbly flow pattern was not found. This case was due to the absence of laminar to turbulent transitions because higher oil concentrations resulted in lower Reynolds values.
Microchannel-based Droplet Generation Using Multiphase Flow: A Review
Authors: Raynaldo K , Whulanza Y , Irwansyah R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that allows for precise control of fluids at a micrometer scale, with the goal of generating encapsulated structures or droplets for specific purposes. However, producing monodispersed droplets remains a challenge, making it necessary for researchers to investigate optimal microchannel geometries and parameters for controlling droplet size. Channel-based geometries, including T-junction, flow-focusing, co-flowing, membrane, and step emulsification, are the most commonly used geometries, each with its own advantages and weaknesses. This literature review aims to highlight assessment methods of microfluidic device performance and physical phenomenon in droplet generation for each channel-based geometry, including recent findings by researchers. Output parameters such as microchannel geometries, flow patterns, and flow regime maps with interpretations can be used to evaluate the optimum input for generating droplets that are suitable for a certain application. With the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the world, there is an opportunity to use microfluidic devices to study SARS-CoV-2 and develop post-pandemic therapeutics. The next challenge in microfluidic device development is producing high-throughput double emulsion droplets with monodispersed size using optimum input parameters to satisfy the drug delivery purpose.
Thermal Performance of Hybrid PV/T-TEC Air Collector with Perforated-Finned Absorber Plate
Authors: Amrizal  , Amrul  , Akram M H , Yonanda A , Irsyad M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
PV/T-TEC collector is a device that can produce thermal energy and electrical energy at the same time. The electrical performance may be increased by absorbing residual heat from the PV surface. Due to the temperature difference available between the hot and cold sides of this collector, additional electrical energy can be also generated by using the TEC to increase the total efficiency. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the thermal effect of using both fins and TECs acting as a heatsink. Thus, the perforated zone with a dimension of 100 x 50 x 2 mm was manufactured by lancing and bending processes. Furthermore, 44 pieces of TECs were placed inside the perforated-finned zone and were attached underneath the PV surface to allow a convection heat transfer process. The model collector was then tested by using a solar simulator under 1100 W/m2 with different fluid mass flow rates ranging from 0 to 0.339 kg/s. To meet the test requirements, environmental fluid flow was also implemented and simulated by a fan with an air velocity of 1 m/s. The results showed that increasing the air mass flow rate as a working fluid by five times can reach the operating temperature of the model collector by about 64 °C (24% decrease) and 74 °C (26% decrease) for both with and without environmental fluid flow, respectively. Meanwhile, under the same test conditions, the maximum value for the temperature difference of TEC sides is found to be 5.6 °C for both with and without ambient fluid flow.
High-Speed Train Running Characteristics Assessments Using Multibody Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Putra E D J , Handoko Y A , Wikaranadhi P , Valentino J M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The development of railway transportation in Indonesia in recent years has increased the number of new vehicles with various types and specifications. These new vehicles should pass a series of running characteristics assessments against standards to ensure safety and comfort in operation. Before the field testing, the assessments using numerical simulation in the design stage need to be done. This study aims to assess the high-speed train running characteristics through modeling and testing using multibody dynamics simulation software. The standards used for the assessments refer to EN 14363 – Testing and Simulation for The Acceptance of Running Characteristics of Railway Vehicles. The high-speed train model was built and validated through four methods with comparative values calculated analytically. The validated model was then run in the simulation to get the parameters for assessment. The parameters include the coefficient of flexibility, critical speed, safety against derailment with various methods, ride comfort, and vibration mode. The parameters obtained from the simulation are compared to the acceptance criteria specified in the standard. The results show that the vehicle performance fulfills the requirement prescribed by EN 14363 standard. After the vehicle and the track infrastructure are ready, they need to be confirmed by a series of testing performed on the main line. This study supports the development of high-speed trains in Indonesia and is expected to give more insight into the usefulness of numerical simulation to predict the characteristic of dynamic performances of railway vehicles in actual operating conditions.
Wavelet scattering transform and entropy features in fluorescence spectral signal analysis for cervical cancer diagnosis
Authors: Deo Bhaswati Singha , Nayak Sidharthenee , Pal Mayukha , Panigrahi Prasanta K , Pradhan Asima 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor within the female reproductive system and is regarded as a prominent cause of female mortality on a global scale. Timely and precise detection of various phases of cervical cancer holds the potential to substantially enhance both the rate of successful treatment and the duration of patient survival. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method for detecting the biochemical changes that arise during cancer progression. In our study, fluorescence spectral data is collected from a diverse group of 110 subjects. The potential of the scattering transform technique for the purpose of cancer detection is explored. The processed signal undergoes an initial decomposition into scattering coefficients using the wavelet scattering transform (WST). Subsequently, the scattering coefficients are subjected to computation for fuzzy entropy, dispersion entropy, phase entropy, and spectral entropy, for effectively characterizing the fluorescence spectral signals. These combined features generated through the proposed approach are then fed to 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier to classify them into normal, pre-cancerous, and cancerous categories, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. We obtained mean classification accuracy of 97% using 5-fold cross-validation. This demonstrates the potential of combining WST and entropic features for analyzing fluorescence spectroscopy signals using 1D CNN classifier that enables early cancer detection in contrast to prevailing diagnostic methods.
Household biogas technology in the cold climate of low-income countries: a review of sustainable technologies for accelerating biogas generation
Authors: Lohani Sunil Prasad , Shaw Taniya Kumari , Shrestha Sujesh , Dhungana Bipasyana , Jha Navin Kumar , Chen Haoran , Mohamed Abeer , Cheng Shikun , Raghuvanshi Smita 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Low-income countries (LICs) have long benefitted from household biogas plants for the extraction of clean energy and fertilizers. Despite their popularity, such ordinary plants do not have heating systems and suffer from low biogas production in cold regions or during winter. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research and development of household biogas technology in cold climates. This review specifically highlights the influence of temperature on biogas production and technologies, as well as recent advances in psychrophilic biogas production. These measures include the introduction of adapted inocula, maneuvering operational parameters (such as hydraulic retention time and organic loading rate), co-digestion approach and additives, and digester designs. In addition, this review shows that the adoption of low-cost heating arrangements, including the construction of a greenhouse over biodigesters, digester insulation, and integration of solar heating, is crucial for enhancing biogas production. Furthermore, this review identified gaps in the operation of biodigesters under psychrophilic temperature in LICs and recommends operational consistencies in full-scale psychrophilic biogas plants through the development of standards, operational guidelines, and user training.
Warm reactive autoantibodies detected by solid phase technology: Patient characteristics, laboratory features, and clinical significance
Authors: Blackall Douglas P , Little Jennifer T 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study focused on the serology, clinical characteristics, and hemolytic potential of warm reactive autoantibodies detected by solid phase red cell adherence.

Methods
Ninety-seven patients with warm autoantibodies were evaluated. Serologic characteristics included the strength of solid phase reactivity, the results of tube-based ancillary testing, direct antiglobulin test and eluate results, and an assessment for contemporaneous alloantibodies. Clinical characteristics of the patients included age, sex, and primary diagnosis. Each patient was also assessed for evidence of hemolysis.

Results
Most of the 97 study patients were female (63.9%), and the average age was 66 years. Hematologic disorders were the most common diagnosis. A majority (70.1%) of the warm autoantibodies had 3 to 4+ reaction strengths, and approximately 90% had negative testing with at least 1 test tube method. There was an even distribution of direct antiglobulin test reaction strengths, with 74% reactive with anti–immunoglobulin G only. Alloantibodies were identified in 20% of patients. Evidence of hemolysis was identified in only 13 patients (13.4%).

Conclusions
Warm reactive autoantibodies are more likely to be hemolytic, have strongly reactive indirect and direct antiglobulin tests, remain reactive in tube-based ancillary testing methods, and are seen primarily in patients with hematologic disorders.
MRI findings in 1 case of primary gallbladder lymphoma
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Sun Min , Kang Liqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We describe a case of gallbladder extra-nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT-ML). MALT-ML is rare, and its clinical manifestations are lack of specificity. A few cases have been reported, and no characteristic imaging features have been described. We discussed the challenges of MRI in diagnosing MALT-ML of gallbladder, especially in differentiating it from gallbladder cancer. We found a “comb-like” sign in the inner wall of gallbladder on T2WI, which may be helpful in diagnosing gallbladder MALT-ML.
Use of artificial intelligence for the prediction of lymph node metastases in early-stage colorectal cancer: systematic review
Authors: Thompson Nasya , Morley-Bunker Arthur , McLauchlan Jared , Glyn Tamara , Eglinton Tim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Risk evaluation of lymph node metastasis for early-stage (T1 and T2) colorectal cancers is critical for determining therapeutic strategies. Traditional methods of lymph node metastasis prediction have limited accuracy. This systematic review aimed to review the potential of artificial intelligence in predicting lymph node metastasis in early-stage colorectal cancers.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed of papers that evaluated the potential of artificial intelligence in predicting lymph node metastasis in early-stage colorectal cancers. Studies were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The primary outcome was summarizing artificial intelligence models and their accuracy. Secondary outcomes included influential variables and strategies to address challenges.

Results
Of 3190 screened manuscripts, 11 were included, involving 8648 patients from 1996 to 2023. Due to diverse artificial intelligence models and varied metrics, no data synthesis was performed. Models included random forest algorithms, support vector machine, deep learning, artificial neural network, convolutional neural network and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Artificial intelligence models’ area under the curve values ranged from 0.74 to 0.9993 (slide level) and 0.9476 to 0.9956 (single-node level), outperforming traditional clinical guidelines.

Conclusion
Artificial intelligence models show promise in predicting lymph node metastasis in early-stage colorectal cancers, potentially refining clinical decisions and improving outcomes.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023409094.
Pathophysiology in cortico-amygdala circuits and excessive aversion processing: the role of oligodendrocytes and myelination
Authors: Poggi Giulia , Klaus Federica , Pryce Christopher R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, present with alterations in emotional processing, including excessive processing of negative/aversive stimuli and events. The bidirectional human/primate brain circuit comprising anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala is of fundamental importance in processing emotional stimuli, and in rodents the medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit is to some extent analogous in structure and function. Here, we assess the comparative evidence for: (i) Anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex&lt;-&gt;amygdala bidirectional neural circuits as major contributors to aversive stimulus processing; (ii) Structural and functional changes in anterior cingulate cortex&lt;-&gt;amygdala circuit associated with excessive aversion processing in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, and in medial prefrontal cortex&lt;-&gt;amygdala circuit in rodent models of chronic stress-induced increased aversion reactivity; and (iii) Altered status of oligodendrocytes and their oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelination in anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex&lt;-&gt;amygdala circuits in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and stress models. The comparative evidence from humans and rodents is that their respective anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex&lt;-&gt;amygdala circuits are integral to adaptive aversion processing. However, at the sub-regional level, the anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex structure-function analogy is incomplete, and differences as well as similarities need to be taken into account. Structure-function imaging studies demonstrate that these neural circuits are altered in both human stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and rodent models of stress-induced increased aversion processing. In both cases, the changes include altered white matter integrity, albeit the current evidence indicates that this is decreased in humans and increased in rodent models. At the cellular-molecular level, in both humans and rodents, the current evidence is that stress disorders do present with changes in oligodendrocyte lineage, oligodendrocytes and/or myelin in these neural circuits, but these changes are often discordant between and even within species. Nonetheless, by integrating the current comparative evidence, this review provides a timely insight into this field and should function to inform future studies—human, monkey and rodent—to ascertain whether or not the oligodendrocyte lineage and myelination are causally involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
Heterogeneous genetic patterns in bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria: insights from a Finnish family cohort
Authors: Järvelä Irma , Paetau Ritva , Rajendran Yasmin , Acharya Anushree , Bharadwaj Thashi , Leal Suzanne M , Lehesjoki Anna-Elina , Palomäki Maarit , Schrauwen Isabelle 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria is the most common form of regional polymicrogyria within malformations of cortical development, constituting 20% of all malformations of cortical development. Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria is characterized by an excessive folding of the cerebral cortex and abnormal cortical layering. Notable clinical features include upper motoneuron dysfunction, dysarthria and asymmetric quadriparesis. Cognitive impairment and epilepsy are frequently observed. To identify genetic variants underlying bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria in Finland, we examined 21 families using standard exome sequencing, complemented by optical genome mapping and/or deep exome sequencing. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 5/21 (24%) of families, of which all were confirmed as de novo. These variants were identified in five genes, i.e. DDX23, NUS1, SCN3A, TUBA1A and TUBB2B, with NUS1 and DDX23 being associated with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria for the first time. In conclusion, our results confirm the previously reported genetic heterogeneity of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria and underscore the necessity of more advanced methods to elucidate the genetic background of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria.
EACVI survey on radiation exposure in interventional echocardiography
Authors: Galli E , Soliman-Aboumarie H , Gargani L , Szymański P , Gimelli A , Petersen S E , Sade L E , Stankovic I , Donal E , Cosyns B , Agricola E , Dweck M R , Ajmone Marsan N , Delgado V , Muraru D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) Scientific Initiatives Committee performed a global survey on radiation exposure in interventional echocardiography. The survey aimed to collect data on local practices for radioprotection in interventional echocardiography and to assess the awareness of echocardiography operators about radiation-related risks.

Methods and results
A total of 258 interventional echocardiographers from 52 different countries (48% European) responded to the survey. One hundred twenty-two (47%) participants were women. Two-thirds (76%) of interventional echocardiographers worked in tertiary care/university hospitals. Interventional echocardiography was the main clinical activity for 34% of the survey participants. The median time spent in the cath-lab for the echocardiographic monitoring of structural heart procedures was 10 (5–20) hours/month. Despite this, only 28% of interventional echocardiographers received periodic training and certification in radioprotection and 72% of them did not know their annual radiation dose. The main adopted personal protection devices were lead aprons and thyroid collars (95% and 92% of use, respectively). Dedicated architectural protective shielding was not available for 33% of interventional echocardiographers. Nearly two-thirds of responders thought that the radiation exposure of interventional echocardiographers was higher than that of interventional cardiologists and 72% claimed for an improvement in the radioprotection measures.

Conclusion
Radioprotection measures for interventional echocardiographers are widely variable across centres. Radioprotection devices are often underused by interventional echocardiographers, portending an increased radiation-related risk. International scientific societies working in the field should collaborate to endorse radioprotection training, promote reliable radiation dose assessment, and support the adoption of radioprotection shielding dedicated to interventional echocardiographers.
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Nail–Patella syndrome with anomalous coronary anatomy and aneurysms: a case report
Authors: Varkoly Kyle , Parekh Akarsh , Kaplan Jason , DeYoung Michael Blair 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Nail–Patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal-dominant pleiotropic condition characterized by pelvic and skeletal abnormalities and most commonly affecting a tetrad of nails, knees, elbows, and iliac horns, the iliac horns being pathognomonic for the condition. The most well-documented extra-skeletal manifestation is renal involvement with alteration in Type III collagen. No documented cases of NPS with anomalous coronary arteries or aneurysms, acute coronary occlusion, or successfully coronary interventions exist in the medical literature.

Case summary
A 62-year-old female with a medical history significant for NPS diagnosed 50 years ago presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of chest pain. She recently developed end-stage renal disease managed with peritoneal dialysis within the last year. Angiography revealed 100% right coronary artery occlusion with an anomalous take-off from the left circumflex artery. She demonstrated diffuse coronary aneurysms in the right coronary artery, mid-left anterior descending artery, and other epicardial vessels. Two drug-eluting stents were placed in overlapping fashion. Following careful apposition, the aneurysmal segment was successfully stented without complication. The patient was discharged without complication 2 days later.

Discussion
Our case shows the first reported case of coronary vascular anomalies and successful coronary revascularization in a patient with NPS in the medical literature. Given the recently reported vascular anomalies and known collagen alterations seen in patients with the genetic disorder, clinicians should suspect further systemic vascular anomalies with their own unique therapeutic challenges when encountering patients with this rare genetic syndrome.