bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO STEROIDOGENESIS IN NORMAL HUMAN OVARIAN TISSUE
Authors: Kumari Lakshmi , Goldzieher Joseph W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Eleven samples of normal human ovarian tissue from the various phases of the cycle were incubated with 7-3H progesterone and 4-14C-5-pregnenolone. Isolation, identification and quantitation of the metabolites showed clearly that pregnenolone is a far better substrate than progesterone for the production of C19 steroids. Under the conditions of these incubations, 3β-ol dehydrogenase enzyme activity converted the majority of the metabolites into androstenedione. The accumulation of radioactive androstenedione at the end of the incubation exceeded that of testosterone except in the later part of the luteal phase.
EFFECT OF GONADECTOMY AND OESTROGEN ON PITUITARY LH-CONTENT AND ORGAN WEIGHTS IN ANDROGEN-STERILIZED FEMALE RATS
Authors: van Rees G. P. , Gans E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In female rats sterilized by an injection of testosterone propionate (TP) shortly after birth, the effects of gonadectomy and gonadectomy plus chronic treatment with oestradiol benzoate were studied.
Pituitary LH-contents were affected in a similar way as in normal females, although there was an indication that the sensitivity of the response of pituitary LH-content to oestradiol was slightly less in TP-sterilized than in normal rats.
The effect of oestradiol on uterine weights was definitely less in gonadectomized TP-sterilized rats than in gonadectomized controls. It was therefore concluded that negative feedback mechanisms between ovarian steroids and LH-secretion operate in a normal manner in TP-sterilized rats. The sensitivity of the uterus to oestrogen, however, is decreased.
THE EFFECT OF CLOMIPHENE ON HORMONE EXCRETION IN PATIENTS WITH GALACTORRHOEA
Authors: Loraine J. A. , Bell E. T. , Harkness R. A. , Harrison M. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of Clomiphene on hormone excretion in two patients with galactorrhoea has been studied.
In both subjects ovulation as judged by urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion occurred either during or immediately following treatment. The administration of Clomiphene was followed by a prolonged rise in the output of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-oxosteroids.
Rapid cessation of galactorrhoea occurred following Clomiphene administration.
METABOLISM OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE BY THE HUMAN FOETUS AT MIDPREGNANCY
Authors: Bolté E. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four previable foetuses (18th to 20th week of gestation) were perfused with a combination of 14C-labelled dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and 3H-labelled dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS). Approximately 80% of the radioactive material administered was recovered from the various foetal tissues and perfusates.
With the exception of the liver, which exhibited an approximately equal concentration of the two isotopes, all foetal tissues contained more 14C-than 3H-labelled material. On an average, 27% of the 14C-, and 8% of the 3H-labelled material administered was retained by the foetal organism. Approximately 80% of the 14C-labelled material recovered from the foetal tissues was in a conjugated form; very little, if any of the 3H-labelled material was recovered as unconjugated (free) material.
More than 90% of the conjugated radioactive material present in the different foetal tissues, except the liver and residual foetus, was isolated and identified as DHAS. The 3H- to 14C-ratio of the DHAS isolated from various tissues showed marked differences; it was lowest in the lungs and adrenals, indicating that these organs are active sites of sulpho-conjugation of DHA.
In addition to DHAS, androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol 3-sulphate (Δ5-DIOLS) and androst-5-ene-3β,16α,17β-triol 3-sulphate (Δ5-TRIOLS) were isolated from the liver and a smaller amount of Δ5-TRIOLS from the residual foetal tissues. From the perfusates, 3β,16α-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3 sulphate (16αHO-DHAS) was isolated. The 3H- to 14C-ratio of the Δ5-TRIOLS isolated from the liver was considerably lower than those of Δ5-DIOLS and DHAS isolated from the same organ.
It is concluded that
DHA is extensively sulphurylated by a variety of foetal tissues, very little, if any DHAS is hydrolysed by the foetal organism, DHAS and also some DHA is 16α-hydroxylated by the previable foetus, the foetal liver is the principal site of 16α-hydroxylation of the DHAS circulating in the foeto-placental unit.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF C-21 STEROIDS IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT
Authors: Palmera R. , Eriksson G. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two midterm human placentas were perfused in situ with pregnenolone-7α-3H sulphate and the unconjugated metabolites present in the placentas and perfusates were analyzed. Eighty-five and 54% of the radioactive material recovered from the placentas was in an unconjugated form, whereas only 1 and 3% of that found in the perfusates was unconjugated. Eighty-one and 76% of the unconjugated material recovered from the placentas was isolated as progesterone and 2 and 6% as pregnenolone. Fifty-two and 42% of the unconjugated material recovered from the perfusates was isolated as progesterone and 30 and 36% as pregnenolone.
Of the total radioactive material administered 1.1 and 2.7% was isolated as progesterone and 0.24 and 0.45% as unconjugated pregnenolone. More than 90% of the conjugated radioactive material recovered from the perfusate was unchanged pregnenolone sulphate.
The results indicate that the midterm placenta converts circulating pregnenolone sulphate into pregnenolone and progesterone and secretes both of these compounds to the foetus.
DISTRIBUTION OF SOME STEROID SULPHOKINASES IN FOETAL HUMAN TISSUES
Authors: Wengle Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study of the pattern of various steroid sulphokinases and phenol sulphokinase in human foetal adrenals, cerebrum, choroid plexus, heart muscle, jejunum, kidneys, liver, lungs, skeletal muscle, skin and thymus has been undertaken, using 35S-labelled 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulphate (PAPS). Oestrone sulphokinase is present in all the foetal tissues studied, except the cerebrum. Significant amounts of steroid alcohol sulphokinases (e. g. DHA and DOC sulphokinase) are detected in the adrenals, jejunum, kidneys and liver. Phenol sulphokinase is also present in these tissues, as well as in the lungs.
A qualitative similarity is observed between the adrenals, jejunum and liver with regard to the pattern of steroid alcohol sulphokinases, although the adrenals are a much richer source of these enzymes than the two last-mentioned organs. The activity of DOC sulphokinase is equal to, or slightly higher than, that of DHA sulphokinase in the kidney preparations, in contrast to all other human tissues containing steroid sulphokinases.
Some physiological implications of these results are discussed.
THE PARATHYROIDS IN PREGNANT ALLOXAN DIABETIC RATS AND THEIR OFFSPRING
Authors: Hansson C. Görna , Angervall Lennart 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In non-insulinized alloxan diabetic pregnant rats an altered calciumphosphorus homeostasis was demonstrated and in addition morphological parathyroid changes occurred in the diabetic rats and their offspring. This was manifested by enlargement of the parathyroid glands and increased mitotic rate, suggesting parathyroid stimulation. The parathyroid volume in the offspring of the alloxan diabetic rats exhibited a significant negative relationship with the maternal serum calcium and a significant positive relationship with the maternal serum phosphorus. Hence it is reasonable to assume that the altered calcium-phosphorus homeostasis in the diabetic pregnant rats is responsible for the morphological changes in the foetal parathyroids.
ETUDES IN VIVO. SUR LE METABOLISME DES ANDROGENES APRES ADMINISTRATION DE STEROIDES INHIBITEURS DE L'OVULATION
Authors: Mauvais-Jarvis Pierre 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioactive dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone, which are two circulating compounds in humans, have been injected into normal men, women and patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome. These injections were made before and after administration of ethinyl-oestradiol, lynoestrenol and association of lynoestrenol and mestranol (Lyndiol®).
The per cent conversion of injected steroids into 17-ketonic and 17β-hydroxylated urinary metabolites was calculated. The results observed can be summarized as follows: in all cases, the yields of sulfate metabolites formed from radioactive precursors were more important after treatment by antiovulatory steroids, especially urinary dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate derived from injected dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate: aetiocholanolone and androsterone formed from testosterone.
The modifications in the 5β/5α ratio of androstanediols suggest that oral synthetic oestrogens and progestins inhibit the 5α-Δ4 reductase implicated in the »17β-hydroxyl metabolic pathway« of testosterone. A change in 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is also postulated, because testosterone was more metabolized into androsterone via androstenedione, and less reduced into androstanediol after antiovulatory steroids.
THE EFFECTS OF ACTH AND HCG ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TESTOSTERONE IN MALE PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
Authors: Tamm J. , Apostolakis M. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of HCG and/or ACTH administration have been investigated in 2 normal subjects and in 12 male patients suffering from various endocrinopathies. It was found that:
In normal adult males 3000 IU HCG given daily over three days appear to be sufficient to obtain a significant increase in urinary testosterone excretion. The degree of the increase appears to be dependent on the age of the patient. Prolonged HCG administration in secondary hypogonadism can lead to significant sustained increases of testosterone and epitestosterone excretions. Endogenous HCG of the type produced by chorionepitheliomas does not necessarily have an effect on testosterone and epitestosterone production in male patients. HCG stimulates the testosterone and epitestosterone secretion of the testes only; it thus has no effect on orchiectomized patients. Exogenous ACTH increases the testosterone and epitestosterone production of the adrenal cortex, the latter apparently more than the former; the testosterone/epitestosterone quotient in the urine falls. In orchiectomized patients ACTH administration leads to an increase of oestrogen production from the adrenal cortex and of oestriol excretion in the urine.
THE UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE ISOMERS OF A SYNTHETIC OESTROGEN IN VARIOUS ORGANS OF IMMATURE MICE
Authors: Terenius Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The meso- and rac.isomers of hexoestrol were labelled with tritium and administered systemically into immature female mice. Following the injection of meso-hexoestrol. the concentration of radioactivity was 10—20 times higher in the uterus, vagina and liver than in the skeletal muscle for at least 15 hours. 1 and 4 hours following injection, most of the recovered radioactivity in the uterus and vagina appeared to be unchanged meso-hexoestrol. In the plasma, most of the radioactivity was more polar.
The uptake of meso-hexoestrol in the uterus and vagina was depressed by simultaneous administration of carrier. Pretreatment with 17β-oestradiol also inhibited the uterine and vaginal uptake while pretreatment with 17α-oestradiol was less efficient. The uptake in the liver and skeletal muscle was not inhibited.
Following the injection of rac.-hexoestrol, there was no selective accumulation of radioactivity in the uterus or vagina in relation to skeletal muscle. The liver content equalled that found following the injection of the meso-isomer.
SIGNIFICANCE OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE FOR THYROID HORMONE SUPPLY DURING STIMULATION
Authors: Emrich Dieter , Pfannenstiel Peter , Hoffmann Günter , Keiderling Walter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of the two thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and particularly the T4/T3 ratio was studied by the 131I technique in rats and rabbits during stimulation. Both exogenous TSH and experimentally increased endogenous TSH (secondary to the partial inhibition of thyroid function by sodiumperchlorate) caused a change in the T4/T3 ratio in favour of T3. This response of thyroid hormone production (in rats) and secretion (in rabbits) was found at different times after the use of 131I. It depended on the intensity of the direct or indirect thyrotrophic stimulation. From this observation it is suggested that the synthesis and the secretion of the biologically more effective T3 is more markedly increased during stimulation than is T4 probably in order to compensate more successfully for deficiencies in the peripheral thyroid hormone supply.
TRANSHYDROGENATION IN THE HUMAN PLACENTA
Authors: Crist Robert D. , Warren James C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human placental 17β-oestradiol dehydrogenase exists in two electrophoretic forms which are either isozymes or components of a monomerpolymer system. Both forms utilize NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactor and 17β-oestradiol-3-sulfate and testosterone as substrate. Using a method developed to detect transhydrogenase activity on starch gel after electrophoresis, both forms were shown to mediate transhydrogenation but transhydrogenase:dehydrogenase activity ratios of the two forms were different. No oestrogen-sensitive transhydrogenase distinct from 17β-oestradiol dehydrogenase was observed on electrophoresis of placental crude supernatant and purified preparations at several pH values.
THE RENAL CLEARANCE OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Keller Paul J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The renal clearance of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone (FSH, LH) was studied in seven postmenopausal women. The clearance values for FSH ranged from 0.16 to 0.70 (mean 0.58) ml/min, and those for LH from 0.03 to 0.26 (mean 0.14) ml/min. Thus the mean FSH clearance was 4.1 times greater than the LH clearance. The difference was statistically confirmed by the Wilcoxon test.
Similarly the mean FSH/LH ratio was four times higher in urine than in plasma when results were expressed in terms of NIH-FSH-S2 and NIH-LH-S3, or in terms of the 2nd International Reference Preparation for Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin. Consequently, the plasma contained relatively more LH than the corresponding urine samples. A nonspecific effect of plasma proteins on the bioassay of FSH and LH was excluded.
INFLUENCE OF CHOLESTYRAMINE ON ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF THYROXINE IN SYRIAN HAMSTER
Authors: Bergman F. , Heedman P.-A. , van der Linden W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Syrian hamsters were treated for one month with a diet containing 5 mg/100 g 1-thyroxine. If after this treatment with thyroxine the hamsters were fed a thyroxine-free diet with cholestyramine for one month, the thyroid glands were normal while in the controls they still had a »resting« appearance. In a second experiment hamsters were given a diet containing 131I 1-thyroxine with and without cholestyramine. A significantly smaller fraction of the radioactivity was found in the carcass, exclusive of the gastrointestinal tract, of the cholestyramine treated animals than in that of the controls. In a third experiment hamsters were injected intravenously with 131I 1-thyroxine and given diets with and without cholestyramine. The radioactivity of the cholestyramine treated animals was found to decrease more rapidly than that of the controls due to a larger excretion of radioactive material in the faeces. It is concluded that cholestyramine diminishes the absorption and promotes the excretion in the faeces of thyroxine or its iodine containing derivates.
TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL CASES OF PENDRED'S SYNDROME IN ONE FAMILY
Authors: Bax G. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pendred's syndrome is a condition which, in its complete form, is characterized by congenital deaf-mutism, goitre, and defective organic binding of iodide in the thyroid. However, there are less typical cases, e. g. without a goitre, with only limited hearing loss, or a normal perchlorate discharge test.
A family was studied in which Pendred's syndrome was found in two generations. The complete form was present in two members; two other members were considered to show less typical forms of the same disorder. All were euthyroid. Three out of five sons were deaf-mute and goitrous. Perchlorate caused a discharge of radioiodine from the thyroid in two of them, and also in the father who had no goitre and a slight loss of hearing only detectable by audiometry.
Peripheral deiodination of radioactive diiodotyrosine was normal in all patients, but had been abnormal in one son while he was hypothyroid.
COMPOSITION EN ACIDES AMINES DE LA THYROGLOBULINE DE DIFFERENTES ESPECES ANIMALES
Authors: Rolland Marcel , Bismuth Janine , Fondarai Joseph , Lissitzky Serge 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Amino acid composition of S19 thyroglobulin of eight species (seven mammals and one bird) has been determined. A statistical study of the results shows significant variations of all amino acids except valine, leucine and cystine. Beef, horse and hog thyroglobulins have a very similar, if not identical, amino acid composition. The remarkable constancy of the valine, leucine and cystine contents as well as the sum of the amino acids with hydrophobic side chain, suggests a great similarity of the secondary and tertiary structures of the studied thyroglobulins.
COMPOSITION EN ACIDES AMINES DE THYROGLOBULINES PROVENANT DE SUJETS EUTHYROIDIENS ET GOITREUX
Authors: Bismuth Janine , Rolland Marcel , Lissitzky Serge 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Amino acid composition of S19 thyroglobulin purified from three normal human thyroid glands, a hyperthyroid goiter, two hypothyroid familial goiters and a euthyroid goiter, has been determined.
No significant differences in amino acid composition has been observed.
URINARY 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID EXCRETION IN GUINEA-PIGS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS
Authors: Benson Bryant 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An attempt was made to localize an anatomic site in the hypothalamus where mechanisms are to be found for the control of pituitary adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) secretion in the adult male guinea-pig. Daily urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) excretion and the effects of cold exposure and insulin on base-line 17-OHCS excretion levels were determined preoperatively. Each animal acted as a self control. Bilateral electrolytic coagulation lesions were placed in a variety of hypothalamic sites in sixty-eight animals, and base-line 17-OHCS excretion levels and the 17-OHCS response to cold exposure and insulin injection were again determined. Preoperative and postoperative values were compared and the ablated anatomic sites noted.
Animals with bilateral lesions in the ventromedian and dorsomedian nuclei displayed a significant reduction in daily 17-OHCS excretion, and 17-OHCS responses to cold exposure and insulin injection. Animals with posterior hypothalamic lesions and sham operated animals had postoperative daily 17-OHCS values and 17-OHCS responses to cold and to insulin that were above or equal to the preoperative values. It was postulated that in the guinea-pig the hypothalamic mechanisms in control of ACTH are to be found in the middle and anterior hypothalamus, in the neuropil associated with the ventromedian and dorsomedian nuclei.
IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS REACTION BETWEEN HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND HUMAN PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Robyn C. , Hubinont P. O. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Immunologically mono-specific antisera prepared against human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) preparations completely neutralized in vitro as well as in vivo the luteinizing hormone (LH) and also the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) activity of both human hypophyseal gonadotrophin (HHG) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparations.
A COMPARISON OF THE ANTIFERTILITY AND HORMONAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME NEW SYNTHETIC OESTROGENS
Authors: Bennett J. P. , Kendle K. E. , Vallance D. K. , Vickery B. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The oestrogenic and post-coital antifertility activities of fourteen new synthetic steroids have been compared in the mouse and rat. The uterotrophic and post-coital antifertility potencies did not exactly parallel each other in either species. Maximum activity was found to reside in different compounds in the two species.
The optimal day for prevention of pregnancy by administration of a single dose of BDH 2700 (17α-chloroethynyl-3,17β-dimethoxy-oestra1,3,5(10)-triene), a representative member of the series, was the third or fourth day of pregnancy in the mouse and the fourth day in the rat. The minimum completely effective dose was 90 μg/kg in the mouse and 810 μg/kg in the rat.
The post-coital antifertility activity of BDH 2700 in the rat has been demonstrated as resulting from an increase in the rate of egg transport with their eventual expulsion through the vagina.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF OESTROGENS ON ANDROGEN DEPENDENT FRUCTOSE FORMATION IN SEX ACCESSORY ORGANS
Authors: Thomas John A. , Knych Edward T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone alone had a stimulating effect on the fructose formation in castrate mice, but the combined treatment of testosterone and oestrogen caused significant reductions in anterior prostate levels of this carbohydrate. Oestrogens were more effective in counteracting the action of testosterone when injected early rather than late after castration. Ethynyl oestradiol and oestradiol benzoate were more effective in counteracting testosterone than other oestrogens studied. There was a greater reduction in fructose levels when lower doses of injected testosterone were simultaneously administered with oestrogen(s).
In the seminal vesicles a synergistic action between testosterone and various oestrogens on fructose levels was commonly observed, though antagonism is also evident. Increasing the period of time between castration and initial injection appeared to enhance the synergistic actions of the two hormones.
FINE STRUCTURE OF HUMAN PARATHYROID GLANDS: NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL
Authors: Weymouth Richard J. , Sheridan Michael N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The fine structure of normal, hyperplastic and adenomatous parathyroid glands of man have been described. Electron dense granules, similar to those described in man by Roth & Munger (1962) and identified as secretory material, have been described. However, before the definite significance of these granules can be defined, cytological studies must be more extensive and correlated with biochemical and fractionation analyses. These same granules have been described within the mitochondrial crista, and a functional sequence has been postulated.
Cytologically »typical« chief and oxyphil cells have been identified. On the basis of the number of mitochondria, many intermediate or transitional cells are described. It is postulated that there may be a single parenchymal cell type of the parathyroid glands of man which may be cytologically modified to represent varying physiological activities of this gland.