bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral tolerance limits CNS accumulation of CD8 T cells specific for an antigen shared by tumor cells and normal astrocytes
Authors: Calzascia Thomas , Loh Jacelyn M. S. , Di Berardino‐Besson Wilma , Masson Frédérick , Guillaume Philippe , Burkhardt Karim , Herrera Pedro L. , Dietrich Pierre‐Yves , Walker Paul R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractT cell mediated immunotherapies are proposed for many cancers including malignant astrocytoma. As such therapies become more potent, but not necessarily more tumor‐specific, the risk of collateral autoimmune damage to normal tissue increases. Tumors of the brain present significant challenges in this respect, as autoimmune destruction of brain tissue could have severe consequences. To investigate local immune reactivity toward a tumor‐associated antigen in the brain, transgenic mice were generated that express a defined antigen (CW3170–179) in astroglial cells. The resulting six transgenic mouse lines expressed the transgenic self‐antigen in cells of the gastrointestinal tract and CNS compartments, or in the CNS alone. By challenging transgenic mice with tumor cells that express CW3, self/tumor‐specific immune responses were visualized within a normal polyclonal T cell repertoire. A large expansion of the endogenous CW3170–179‐specific CD8 T cell population was observed in nontransgenic mice after both subcutaneous and intracerebral implantation of tumor cells. In contrast, CW3170–179‐specific immune responses were not observed in transgenic mice that exhibited extracerebral transgene expression. Importantly, in certain groups of mice in which transgene expression was restricted to the CNS, antigen‐specific immune responses occurred when tumor was implanted subcutaneously, but not intracerebrally. This local immune tolerance in the brain was induced via peripheral (extrathymic) rather than central (thymic) tolerance mechanisms. Thus, this study highlights the role of regional immune regulation in the prevention of autoimmunity in the brain, and the potential impact of these mechanisms for brain tumor immunotherapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly efficient and feeder‐free production of subculturable vascular endothelial cells from primate embryonic stem cells
Authors: Saeki Kumiko , Yogiashi Yoshiko , Nakahara Masako , Nakamura Naoko , Matsuyama Satoko , Koyanagi Akemi , Yagita Hideo , Koyanagi Makoto , Kondo Yasushi , Yuo Akira 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe vascular endothelial cell (VEC) differentiation from primate embryonic stem (ES) cells has critical problems: low differentiation efficiencies (<2%) and/or subculture incapability. We report a novel feeder‐free culture method for high efficiency production of subculturable VECs from cynomolgus monkey ES cells. Spheres, which were generated from ES cells in the presence of cytokine cocktail, were cultured on gelatin‐coated plates. Cobblestone‐shaped cells spread out after a few days, which were followed by an emergence of a sac‐like structure containing hematopoietic cells. All adherent cells including sac walls cells and surrounding cobblestone cells expressed vascular endothelial cadherin (VE‐cadherin) at intercellular junctions. Subculture of these cells resulted in a generation of homogeneous spindle‐shaped population bearing cord‐forming activities and a uniform acetylated low density lipoprotein‐uptaking capacity with von Willbrand factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase expressions. They were freeze–thaw‐tolerable and subculturable up to eight passages. Co‐existence of pericytes or immature ES cells was ruled out. When introduced in a collagen sponge plug implanted intraperitoneally in mice, ES‐derived cells recruited into neovascularity. Although percentages of surface VE‐cadherin‐positive population varied from 20% to 80% as assessed by flow cytometry, the surface VE‐cadherin‐negative population showed intracellular VE‐cadherin expression and mature functions, as we call it as atypical VECs. When sorted, the surface VE‐cadherin‐positive population expanded as almost pure (>90%) VE‐cadherin/PECAM‐1‐positive VECs by 160‐fold after five passages. Thus, our system provides pure production of functional, subculturable and freeze–thaw‐tolerable VECs, including atypical VECs, from primate ES cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 261–280, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ni(ll) biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus Env 3: the study of important parameters in biomass biosorption
Authors: Tahir Arifa , Zahid Sidra 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The removal of toxic metals from wastewaters by biosorption, based on the metal‐binding capacities of various biological materials, has attracted much interest. However, the success of this approach depends on economic feasibility, which can be obtained by optimisation of the environmental conditions. In this study, Ni(II) biosorption experiments were carried out using a preformed biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus. A pure culture of previously isolated R. arrhizus Env 3 was used for maximum biosorption of nickel metal from nickel‐electroplating industrial effluent.RESULTS: Various environmental factors such as nickel concentration, pH, temperature, mycelial pellet weight, pretreatment of fungal biomass, dead and living fungal biomass and time course of biosorption by R. arrhizus Env 3 were optimised for maximum removal of nickel from the effluent. The maximum nickel removal rate of 618.5 mg g−1 was observed with living biomass at pH 8, temperature 35 °C, nickel concentration 500 mg L−1, pellet size 3 g wet weight and shaker velocity 150 rpm. Maximum nickel biosorption was obtained after 72 h.CONCLUSION: Statistical analysis of different factors such as temperature, pH, mycelial pellet size, concentration of nickel in effluent and residual nickel level showed that all these factors had significant effects on the biosorption of nickel metal by R. arrhizus Env 3 from nickel‐electroplating industrial effluent. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Concomitant diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease: A study of two cases
Authors: Lin Amy , Kadam Jaydeep S. , Bodenheimer Henry C. , Leonard John , Joyce Maureen A. , Lake‐Bakaar Gerond 
Published: June 2008

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus HCV infection progresses through liver fibrosis and cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma HCC. It appears to be causally related to B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma since regression after antiviral therapy has been described. Two cases are described of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and HCC arising simultaneously in two patients. The first patient did not have cirrhosis on liver biopsy. HCV had been undetectable in plasma following successful therapy with interferon and ribavirin treatment 7 years earlier. The second patient developed an aggressive form of hepatocellular carcinoma HCC within weeks of stopping treatment with interferon and ribavirin. Therapy had induced complete viral suppression for over 40 weeks. The two cases suggest that non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and HCC can develop in the absence of detectable hepatitis C viremia and argues for continued surveillance even after sustained virological response to treatment. J. Med. Virol. 80:1350–1353, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple one‐step real‐time RT‐PCR for diagnosis of dengue virus infection
Authors: dos Santos Harryson Wings Godoy , Poloni Telma Regina Ramos Silva , Souza Kelly Paula , Muller Vanessa Danielle Menjon , Tremeschin Flávia , Nali Lívia Christensen , Fantinatti Leandro Ricardo , Amarilla Alberto Anastacio , Castro Helda Liz Alfonso , Nunes Marcio Roberto , Casseb Samir Mansour , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando , Badra Soraya Jabur , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes , Aquino Victor Hugo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDengue is the most important arbovirus disease in tropical and sub‐tropical countries, and can be caused by infection with any of the four‐dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Infection with DENV can lead to a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from sub‐clinical infection or an influenza‐like disease known as dengue fever (DF) to a severe, sometimes fatal, disease characterized by hemorrhage and plasma leakage that can lead to shock, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). The diagnosis of dengue is routinely accomplished by serologic assays, such as IgM and IgG ELISAs, as well as HI tests, analyzing serum samples obtained from patients with at least 7 days of symptoms onset. These tests cannot be used for diagnosis during the early symptomatic phase. In addition, antibodies against dengue are broad reactive with other flaviviruses. Therefore, a specific diagnostic method for acute DENV infection is of great interest. In that sense, the real‐time RT‐PCR has become an important tool that can be used for early and specific detection of dengue virus genome in human serum samples. This study describes a simple, specific, and sensitive real‐time RT‐PCR for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection. J. Med. Virol. 80:1426–1433, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of human metapneumovirus among hospitalized children younger than 1 year in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Camps Marta , Ricart Sílvia , Dimova Veselka , Rovira Núria , Muñoz‐Almagro Carmen , Garcia Juan Jose , Pons‐Odena Martí , Marcos Mª Angeles , Pumarola Tomàs 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHuman metapneumovirus was discovered recently respiratory virus implicated in both upper and lower respiratory tract infection. In children, the clinical symptoms of human metapneumovirus are similar to those produced by respiratory syncytial virus, ranging from mild to severe diseases such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of human metapneumovirus and other common respiratory viruses among admitted to hospital infants. From January 2006 to June 2006, 99 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from hospitalized children younger than 12 months in order to study respiratory viruses. Human metapneumovirus detection was performed by cell culture and two RT‐PCR targeting on polymerase and fusion genes. The latter gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. In 67/99 children (67%) at least one viral pathogen was identified, the viruses detected most frequently were respiratory syncytial virus (35%), human metapneumovirus (25%) and rhinovirus (19%). The results obtained in this study, show that: (1) human metapneumovirus is one of the most important viruses among children less than 12 months; (2) children infected with human metapneumovirus were significantly older than those infected by respiratory syncytial virus; (3) human metapneumovirus was associated more frequently with pneumonia whereas respiratory syncytial virus was only detected in patients with bronchiolitis; (4) there was a clear epidemiological succession pattern with only a small overlap among the viruses detected most frequently; (5) all human metapneumovirus samples were clustered within sublineage A2. J. Med. Virol. 80:1452–1460, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SV40 large T antigen‐specific human T cell memory responses
Authors: Coleman Sharon , Gibbs Allen , Butchart Eric , Mason Malcolm D. , Jasani Bharat , Tabi Zsuzsanna 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe continued presence of simian virus 40 (SV40), a monkey polyomavirus, in man is confirmed by the regular detection of SV40‐specific antibodies in 5–10% of children who are unlikely to have received contaminated polio‐vaccines. The aim of our experiments was to find cellular immunological evidence of SV40 infection in humans by testing memory T cell responses to SV40 large T antigen (Tag). As there is some indication that the virus may be present in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells, we analyzed T cell responses in MPM patients and in healthy donors. The frequencies of responding T cells to overlapping Tag peptides were tested by cytokine flow cytometry. CD8+ T cells from 4 of 32 MPM patients responded (above twofold of control) to SV40 Tag peptides, while no positive responses were detected in 12 healthy donors. Within SV40 Tag we identified three 15 amino acid‐long immunogenic sequences and one 9 amino acid‐long T cell epitope (p138) (138FPSELLSFL146), the latter including a HLA‐B7‐restriction motif. T cell responses to p138 were SV40‐specific as T cells stimulated with p138 did not cross‐react with the corresponding sequences of Tag of human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV. Similarly, the relevant BKV and JCV Tag peptides did not generate T cell responses against SV40 TAg p138. Peptide‐stimulated T cells also killed SV40 Tag‐transfected target cells. This article demonstrates the presence, and provides a detailed analysis, of SV40‐specific T cell memory in man. J. Med. Virol. 80:1497–1504, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus X mutations occurring naturally associated with clinical severity of liver disease among Korean patients with chronic genotype C infection
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ju , Park Joo‐Hee , Jee Youngmee , Lee Seoung‐Ae , Kim Hong , Song Byung‐Cheol , Yang Soohyun , Lee Myunghee , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Kim Yoon Jun , Lee Hyo‐Suk , Hwang Eung‐Soo , Kook Yoon‐Hoh , Kim Bum‐Joon 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFew reports have detailed mutation frequencies and mutation patterns in the entire X region according to clinical status. The aims of this study were to elucidate the relationships between mutation patterns and their frequencies in the X region and clinical status in a Korean cohort and determine specific X mutation types, related closely with liver disease progression. All X mutations were determined by direct sequencing in 184 patients with different clinical features. Mutation rates in the X region in patients with more severe liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3.6%) or liver cirrhosis (4%) were always significantly higher than in patients with corresponding less severe forms, chronic hepatitis (2.9%) or asymptomatic carriers (2.1%), but no significant difference in mutation rates was found in terms of HBeAg serostatus. All five mutation types (V5M/L, P38S, H94Y, I127T/N, and K130M and V131I) affecting the six codons were found to be related significantly to clinical severity. Among these, two mutation types (V5M/L and K130M and V131I) were observed more frequently in HBeAg negative patients than in HBeAg positive patients. In conclusion, the results suggest that an accumulation of mutations in the X region contributes to disease progression in chronic patients, at least Korean patients with genotype C. Specific mutation types appears to be related more to severe liver diseases such as HCC or liver cirrhosis. In particular, a novel mutation type (V5M/L) discovered firstly during the present study was found to be associated significantly with HCC. J. Med. Virol. 80:1337–1343, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The detection and characterization of hepatitis E virus in pig livers from retail markets of India
Authors: Kulkarni M.A. , Arankalle V.A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe zoonotic transmission of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a well‐established fact and pigs are known reservoirs of the virus. The human and swine HEV from countries such as the USA, Japan and Taiwan, show a remarkable sequence identity. Swine liver samples from markets in Japan and US were shown to be HEV RNA positive. In contrast, in India, viruses belonging to different genotypes, that is, genotypes 1 and 4 circulate in humans and pigs respectively, at least for the last 20 years. To assess possible exposure of the Indian population to swine HEV, 240 pig liver samples were collected from retail markets of Pune, western India. Two (0.83%) samples were found positive for HEV RNA by nested RT‐PCR. Nucleotide sequence‐based phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of genotype 4 HEV with 90–91% similarity and clustering with Indian swine HEV sequences generated earlier. The data suggest the possibility of HEV infection in persons consuming infected pig liver. So far, it has not been possible to detect any type 4 HEV infection in humans. The absence of type 4 infections in humans may be attributed to cooking leading to the inactivation of the virus. J. Med. Virol. 80:1387–1390, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐species infection of specific‐pathogen‐free pigs by a genotype 4 strain of human hepatitis E virus
Authors: Feagins A.R. , Opriessnig T. , Huang Y.W. , Halbur P.G. , Meng X.J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important pathogen. The animal strain of HEV, swine HEV, is related to human HEV. The genotype 3 swine HEV can infect humans and genotype 3 human HEV can infect pigs. The genotype 4 swine and human HEV strains are genetically related, but it is unknown whether genotype 4 human HEV can infect pigs. A swine bioassay was utilized in this study to determine whether genotype 4 human HEV can infect pigs. Fifteen, 4‐week‐old, specific‐pathogen‐free pigs were divided into three groups of five each. Group 1 pigs were each inoculated intravenously with PBS buffer as negative controls, group 2 pigs similarly with genotype 3 human HEV (strain US‐2), and group 3 pigs similarly with genotype 4 human HEV (strain TW6196E). Serum and fecal samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days postinoculation (dpi) and tested for evidence of HEV infection. All pigs were necropsied at 56 dpi. As expected, the negative control pigs remained negative. The positive control pigs inoculated with genotype 3 human HEV all became infected as evidenced by detection of HEV antibodies, viremia and fecal virus shedding. All five pigs in group 3 inoculated with genotype 4 human HEV also became infected: fecal virus shedding and viremia were detected variably from 7 to 56 dpi, and seroconversion occurred by 28 dpi. The data indicated that genotype 4 human HEV has an expanded host range, and the results have important implications for understanding the natural history and zoonosis of HEV. J. Med. Virol. 80:1379–1386, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virus load dynamics of individual CMV‐genotypes in lung transplant recipients with mixed‐genotype infections
Authors: Görzer Irene , Kerschner Heidrun , Jaksch Peter , Bauer Claudia , Seebacher Gernot , Klepetko Walter , Puchhammer‐Stöckl Elisabeth 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of disease and transplant dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. Simultaneous emergence of more than one CMV‐genotype can occur, and appears to be disadvantageous for the patient. In this study, the dynamics of individual CMV‐genotypes in blood and lung was assessed within mixed CMV‐genotype populations emerging after lung transplantation. In 69 plasma and 76 bronchoalveolar lavage samples of 16 lung transplant recipients with mixed CMV‐genotype infections within the first year posttransplantation each of the major glycoprotein B (gB) and glycoprotein H (gH) genotypes was selectively quantified by genotype‐specific quantitative TaqMan assays. The data obtained revealed that individually different genotype dynamics occurred for the individual patients and that the relative levels of the genotypes to each other may change over time. The quantitative development was independent of the specific gB–gH‐genotype. In 10 of the 16 lung recipients the patient's individual genotype composition was the same in blood and lung. Genotype development during the follow‐up was influenced by antiviral treatment. These data show for the first time that the CMV load used as diagnostic tool after transplantation is not always a constant entity but reflects the sum of the individual CMV‐genotype dynamics developing over time. J. Med. Virol. 80:1405–1414, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Follow‐up of a multi‐drug resistant HIV‐1 infected patient successfully treated with darunavir and etravirine
Authors: Audelin Anne Margrethe , Lebech Anne‐Mette , Petersen Ann Berith , Jørgensen Louise Bruun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA multi‐drug‐resistant, non‐compliant HIV‐1 patient was treated successfully with a combination of the drugs darunavir and etravirine for more than 8 months. The patient experienced an immunoreconstitution syndrome due to improved compliance. Examining previous resistance tests for this type of patient is valuable when assigning new medication. J. Med. Virol. 80:1319–1321, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidative behaviour of fresh‐cut ‘Fuji’ apples treated with stabilising substances
Authors: Larrigaudière Christian , Ubach Dolors , Soria Yolanda , Rojas‐Graü Ma Alejandra , Martín‐Belloso Olga 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although changes in the quality of fresh‐cut products treated with chemical stabilisers have been extensively described in the literature, very little is known about the physiology of these products. This work aims to describe the physiological aspect and particularly the effects of chemical preservatives on the oxidative behaviour of fresh‐cut apples.RESULTS:Immediately after treatment, the samples treated with the anti‐browning agents (ascorbic acid + cysteine) exhibited a sharp increase in H2O2 levels (a five‐fold increase when compared to the other samples) and peroxidative damage, especially at the beginning of the storage period (two‐fold increase after 1 day). In line with this result, peroxidase (POX) activity decreased by 50% during the first day of storage, but no significant changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were found between the different samples. H2O2 accumulation was not attributed to the action of cysteine but to a specific action of ascorbic acid, which mainly acted as a pro‐oxidant under these conditions.CONCLUSION:The results presented in this work showed that ascorbic acid cause important oxidative damage in fresh‐cut Fuji apples. Alternatives are required to prevent detrimental loss of quality resulting from this oxidative action. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Water‐Soluble Polymeric Thioxanthone Photoinitiator Containing Glucamine as Coinitiator
Authors: Jiang Xuesong , Yin Jie 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA novel kind of water‐soluble polymeric photoinitiator was synthesized by introducing thioxanthone moieties and glucamine into the polymeric chain, as well as low‐molecular weight model compounds. The photochemical and photophysical properties of these photoinitiators were studied. PTX‐GA possesses a similar UV‐vis absorption, weaker fluorescence emission and a shorter lifetime of the TX triplet state (τ) as compared to TX‐MGA and TX‐PMAC/MDEA. ESR showed that in TX‐PMAC/MDEA the smallest number of radicals is generated. Photopolymerization of arylamide and methylene bisacryamide initiated by these photoinitiators shows that PTX‐GA is more effective than TX‐MGA and TX‐PMAC/MDEA.magnified image
Conducting Polypyrrole Conical Nanocontainers: Formation Mechanism and Voltage Switchable Property
Authors: Huang Jiyong , Quan Baogang , Liu Mingjie , Wei Zhixiang , Jiang Lei 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNanostructures with stimuli‐responsive properties are of great importance for the application of smart materials in nanotechnology. Unique hollow polypyrrole nanostructured arrays with a conical shape have been produced by a stepwise electropolymerization process. The polypyrrole conical nanocontainers exhibit a reversible switchable behavior between open and closed states, which is controlled by the movement of counter ions during electrically controlled reversible oxidation and reduction processes. The formation of conical nanocontainers is affected by the oleo‐wettability of the substrate. Conical nanocontainers can be formed on oleo‐phobic substrates in aqueous solution by using dopant‐stabilized pyrrole nanodroplets as the guiding template for the polymerization.magnified image