bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal nickel exposure and congenital musculoskeletal defects
Authors: Arild Vaktskjold , Ljudmila Vasiljevna Talykova , Valerij Petrovitsj Chashchin , Jon Öyvind Odland , Evert Nieboer 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether women occupationally exposed to nickel in early pregnancy are at elevated risk of delivering a newborn with a malformation or deformation of the musculoskeletal system (ICD‐10: Q65‐Q79).MethodsData about the newborn, maternal occupation and workplace were obtained using the Kola Birth Register (KBR). Each record in the KBR was assigned a categorical nickel (Ni) exposure rating according to the occupation the delivering woman had at the time of becoming pregnant. This was achieved by using as a guideline the water‐soluble Ni subfraction of the inhalable aerosol fraction obtained by personal monitoring for nickel‐ and copper‐refinery workers or/and measured urinary‐Ni concentrations. The reference population was delivering women from the source population with background exposure level. In total, the study population consisted of 22,965 births.ResultsThree hundred and four infants (13.3/1,000 births; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.9–14.7) were diagnosed with isolated musculoskeletal defect(s) at birth. The adjusted odds ratio for the association between the maternal exposure to Ni and this outcome was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.76–1.21) per unit increase in exposure category.ConclusionThe incidence of defects in the musculoskeletal system at birth was high, especially for feet deformities, but we found no effect of maternal exposure to water‐soluble Ni on the risk of delivering a newborn with a defect. However, the incidence among women working in the copper refinery was higher than in the other employment groups. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:825‐833, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cohen syndrome resulting from a novel large intragenic COH1 deletion segregating in an isolated Greek island population
Authors: Bugiani Marianna , Gyftodimou Yolanda , Tsimpouka Paraskevi , Lamantea Eleonora , Katzaki Eleni , d'Adamo Pio , Nakou Sheena , Georgoudi Nelli , Grigoriadou Maria , Tsina Efthymia , Kabolis Nikolaos , Milani Donatella , Pandelia Efthimia , Kokotas Haris , Gasparini Paolo , Giannoulia‐Karantana Aglaia , Renieri Alessandra , Zeviani Massimo , Petersen Michael B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCohen syndrome, caused by mutations in the COH1 gene, is an autosomal recessive disorder consisting of mental retardation, microcephaly, growth delay, severe myopia, progressive chorioretinal dystrophy, facial anomalies, slender limbs with narrow hands and feet, tapered fingers, short stature, kyphosis and/or scoliosis, pectus carinatum, joint hypermobility, pes calcaneovalgus, and, variably, truncal obesity. Here, we describe the clinical and molecular findings in 14 patients from an isolated Greek island population. The clinical phenotype was fairly homogeneous, although microcephaly was not constant, and some patients had severe visual disability. All patients were homozygous for a novel intragenic COH1 deletion spanning exon 6 to exon 16, suggesting a founder effect. The discovery of this mutation has made carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis possible in this population. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Nonsolvens”‐Anwendungen von ionischen Flüssigkeiten bei Biotransformationen und in der Organokatalyse
Authors: Domínguez de María Pablo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDie Anwendung ionischer Verbindungen, die bei Raumtemperatur flüssig sind, (room‐temperature ionic liquids, RTILs) als (Co‐)Solventien und/oder Reagentien ist gut dokumentiert. Außer diesen Verwendungszwecken gibt es aber auch “Nonsolvens”‐Anwendungen von RTILs in Biotransformationen sowie der Organokatalyse. Beispiele sind die Anknüpfung von Substraten an RTILs, mit ILs beschichtete Enzyme (ILCEs) und/oder gemeinsame Lyophilisierung von Enzym und IL, der Aufbau von biokatalytischen ternären Reaktionssystemen, die Kombination von Enzymen, RTILs, Membranen und (Bio‐)Elektrochemie oder IL‐gebundene Organokatalysatoren. Diese Strategien liefern robustere, schnellere und enantioselektivere Bio‐ und Organokatalysatoren, die für viele Anwendungen eingesetzt werden können. Es zeigt sich, dass RTILs eine große Zahl vielversprechender Alternativen für herkömmliche chemische Reaktionen bieten.
“Nonsolvent” Applications of Ionic Liquids in Biotransformations and Organocatalysis
Authors: Domínguez de María Pablo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe application of room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as (co)solvents and/or reagents is well documented. However, RTILS also have “nonsolvent” applications in biotransformations and organocatalysis. Examples are the anchoring of substrates to RTILs; ionic‐liquid‐coated enzymes (ILCE) and enzyme–IL colyophilization; the construction of biocatalytic ternary reaction systems; the combination of enzymes, RTILs, membranes, and (bio)electrochemistry; and ionic‐liquid‐supported organocatalysts. These strategies provide more robust, more efficient, and more enantioselective bio‐ and organocatalysts with many practical applications. As shown herein, RTILs offer a wide range of promising alternatives to conventional chemistry.
An experimental kinetic model for the oxidative coupling of methane using a bench‐scale reactor
Authors: Yaghobi Nakisa , Ghoreishy Mir Hamid Reza , Eslamimanesh Vahid 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work is to develop a kinetic model for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) based on the gas‐hourly space velocity (GHSV) and methane‐to‐oxygen ratio. The experiments were carried out in a bench‐scale tubular‐fixed bed reactor, using 30 g of perovskite titanate as the reaction catalyst. Different GHSVs (3000–6000 h−1) and methane‐to‐oxygen ratios (2,2.5 and 3) were selected. A mechanism was assumed in which the consumption rate of methane is always twice the production rate of C2 hydrocarbons. A power‐law model was assumed for rate of reaction in terms of partial pressure of oxygen and methane. Using a linear regression analysis, the kinetic model was determined. Comparison of the calculated rate of reaction with the experimentally measured data confirmed the accuracy and applicability of the developed model under various reaction conditions. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and control of Wiener type process applied to real‐time heat exchanger
Authors: Srinivasan A. , Lakshmi P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA simple relay feedback method is proposed for the identification and control of Wiener‐type nonlinear processes. Wiener‐type processes comprise a linear dynamic subsystem followed by a nonlinear static element. A linear dynamic subsystem is identified from the shape of the output curve. If the dynamics are not captured then the order of the subsystem is improved. The nonlinear static function is identified by the simple least square estimation (LSE) method. This method avoids the iterative procedure. The inverse static nonlinearity is also obtained by the LSE method. The Wiener‐model–based nonlinear control strategy is used to compensate the nonlinear dynamics of the process, so that the controller parameters can be determined by the usual tuning rules developed for linear processes. Two important parameters are obtained through relay feedback test (RFT): amplitude of the periodic output (ku) and the ultimate period (pu). Proportional integral (PI) parameters are obtained directly from these two parameters. This proposed method is designed to adapt easily with the real‐time processes. Finally, simulated and experimental results are given to validate the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the extraction of intracellular L‐asparaginase by high‐pressure homogenization
Authors: Zhu Jian‐Hang , Liu Juan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effect of high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) on the primary extraction of intracellular L‐asparaginase from Escherichia coli by aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) has been investigated. When HPH was operated under a pressure of 120 MPa for four passages, 17.8% of L‐asparaginase activity was lost. The addition of EOPO (a triblock copolymer of a central hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) block with hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks on each side) could improve the endurance of L‐asparaginase to high pressure; while the existence of KHP (a mixture of KH2PO4 and K2HPO4) could strongly facilitate such deactivation. When HPH was operated in the ATPE system formed from EOPO and KHP, the recovery of L‐asparaginase was greatly enhanced, as compared to the conventional HPH process. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From back‐room curiosity to mainstream design tool: a short history of CFD modelling at Alcoa World Alumina
Authors: Brown Gary 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article briefly reviews the history of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling at Alcoa over the past decade. Case studies from mechanical, chemical and environmental engineering have been used to demonstrate how CFD has changed from something of a back‐room curiosity into a mainstream engineering design and retrofit tool. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using CFD to identify means of reducing power consumption for mixing and suspension in paper pulp stock chests
Authors: Kor Yann Kae , Prince Rolf G. H. , Fletcher David F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper presents ongoing work at Australia's largest paper recycler, Visy Pulp & Paper, involving experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies to understand paper pulp mixing processes, aimed at identifying means of reducing the large power consumption of the agitators currently used. The key focus of this paper is on the modelling of a pseudo‐plastic fluid and the determination of means by which adequate flow circulation can be maintained in such a system. We look at reducing the present agitator speed, at using a larger impeller, and examine the performance of a completely different design. Power consumption reductions of 50%, and perhaps 75–80%, from present levels, appear feasible and could be implemented economically. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of cluster diameter for a wide range of particles for gas–solid dispersed phase in a fast fluidized‐bed reactor
Authors: Das Mitali , Meikap B. C. , Saha R. K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFast fluidized‐bed (FFB) reactors have been used in chemical process industries. Clustering behavior of the FFB has been studied with Geldart group B particles like coal and iron ore in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) of inner diameter 0.1016 m and height 5.62 m. Clustering phenomena has been investigated by incorporating the effects of acceleration and friction into the homogeneous gas–solid cluster suspension model. The cluster diameter calculated from homogeneous cluster suspension model appears to tally with the measured data when the particle concentration in the suspension lies in the dilute phase. It has been found that the acceleration has some effect on the cluster diameter. However, the solid friction does not have any significant role. The result of the present study gives a clear understanding of clustering phenomena in FFB. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction analysis for decentralized control based on dissipativity
Authors: Xu Shichao , Bao Jie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new interaction analysis for decentralized control is presented in this paper. The proposed method uses (Q, S, R)‐dissipativity and passivity to identify the effect of loop interactions on the dynamic control performance achievable by multiloop controllers (in terms of open‐loop bandwidth of the plant and multiloop controller). The frequency‐dependent upper bounds of the controller gain are also formulated to provide more insights into the impacts of interactions on decentralized control. A case study on the interaction analysis of distillation column is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study on the accumulation of azo dyes using Schizophyllum commune and Trametes versicolor in different inorganic acids containing a growth medium
Authors: Renganathan S. , Gautam P. , Karthik V. , Miranda Lima Rose , Velan M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe accumulation of Acid Orange 7 and Acid Red 88 dyes using Schizophyllum commune and Trametes versicolor in various inorganic acid media was studied as the function of initial pH (1–6) and initial dye concentration (10–100 mg/l). The optimum pH value for the accumulation of the dye was determined as 2. The maximum percentage color removal and maximum dye uptake value were observed in phosphoric acid medium when compared to all other inorganic acid media, such as sulfuric, nitric and hydrochloric acid. The maximum percentage color removal value was determined as 34.3 (S. commune) and 31.9 (T. versicolor) for Acid Orange 7; and 72.7 (S. commune) and 72.1 (T. versicolor) for Acid Red 88; respectively. The maximum dye uptake value was determined as 34.1 mg/g (S. commune) and 32.37 mg/g (T. versicolor) for Acid Orange 7; and 133.03 mg/g (S. commune) and 132.03 mg/g (T. versicolor) for Acid Red 88 dye; respectively, at an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/l. The maximum percentage color removal of Acid Red 88 dye using S. commune and T. versicolor was found to be more when compared to Acid Orange 7. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Fe–AOT complex on the properties of iron oxide particles formed by an AOT isooctane/water emulsion system
Authors: Oshitani J. , Hatai I. , Yoshida M. , Gotoh K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFormation of iron oxide particles with aerosol‐OT (AOT)/isooctane/water emulsion was carried out employing a coprecipitation reaction for Fe3O4 particles. Emulsions containing Fe2+/Fe3+ were mixed with those containing OH−. Iron oxide particles were formed by changing the concentration ratio of AOT to iron ions and maintaining the volume fraction of water in the emulsion at 0.25. Particle formation was also carried out using nonemulsified aqueous solutions as a reference. The morphology, crystal structure, magnetic property and hydration degree of the particles formed under various conditions were compared. The α‐FeOOH or amorphous particles are formed instead of Fe3O4 when the AOT concentration is comparable to, or higher than, the iron ion concentration. These particles contain an OH group and water, and are oxidized to become α‐Fe2O3 by heating in N2. The Fe–AOT complex as the origin of OH‐rich particle formation was the focus of this investigation. The IR measurement was carried out for the Fe–AOT complex, separately prepared with the aqueous solution. It was found that the Fe–AOT complex was hydrated, indicating that hydration of the complex affects the properties of particles formed by the emulsion. A possible mechanism for formation of α‐FeOOH or amorphous particles with emulsion is proposed. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of activated carbon for methane storage
Authors: Dai Xiao Dong , Liu Xin Mei , Zhao Guofeng , Qian Ling , Qiao Ke , Yan Zi Feng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractActivated carbon used for methane storage was treated with HNO3, H2SO4, and H2, and the effects of treatment on the properties of the activated carbon were studied by N2 adsorption, temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD), Boehm titration, and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Methane storage tests were carried out on untreated and treated activated carbons. It was found that surface treatment significantly influenced the surface properties and pore structures of the activated carbon. The surface area and pore volume were enhanced by acid treatment owing to the removal of impurities in the carbon; also, the number and species of the surface functional groups changed. Methane sorption capacity did increase slightly, because it was closely related to not only the porosity but also the decreased surface complex by decreased number of functional groups. H2 treatment not only decreased the surface area and porosity but also changed surface properties, which decreased methane storage capacity. In general, results of our study showed that surface treatment of activated carbon was not beneficial in methane storage. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive nonlinear DMC of hydrodealkylation process using Aspen Engineering Suite
Authors: Jithender Reddy T. , Aadaleesan P. , Saha Prabirkumar 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) is widely used in chemical and petrochemical industries for improving plant efficiency and reducing off‐spec products. While traditional DMC is a technique based on a linear model, the nonlinear extension of DMC is also being investigated by researchers since the early nineties. In this work, the Nonlinear Dynamic Matrix Control (NDMC) is improved to accomplish an on‐line model parameter adaptive process to make it an Adaptive Nonlinear DMC (ANDMC). The performance of the ANDMC is compared with a constant parameter NDMC for disturbance rejection. The entire simulation has been carried out using the commercial dynamic simulator Aspen™ Engineering Suite (2004.1). Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of copper and zinc from aqueous solutions and industrial effluents using emulsion liquid membrane technique
Authors: Venkatesan S. , Meera Sheriffa Begum K. M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCopper and zinc were removed from dilute aqueous solutions together with recovery of copper from electroplating wastewater containing copper ions by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique. The effects of surfactant concentration, carrier concentration, emulsification speed, emulsification time, internal phase stripping agent concentration, and aqueous‐to‐organic phase (A/O) volume ratio on the emulsion stability and breakup have been studied in detail and reported. A mixture of kerosene as diluent, span 80 as surfactant, di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate as carrier was used. An experimental study was performed to optimize the pH of the aqueous external phase based on distribution coefficient of solute between aqueous external phase and organic (membrane) phase. The batch extraction was carried out under various experimental conditions such as agitation time, agitation speed, membrane‐to‐external phase (M/E) ratio, solute concentration in the feed phase and carrier concentration in membrane phase on the percentage recovery of zinc and copper ions in their respective feed streams and the operating parameters have been optimized for maximum recovery. It was found that 84% of copper and 86% of zinc were removed from aqueous solution with a concentration factor of 5. It was also found that ELM extraction of copper from wastewater was around 8–17% less than that of the synthetic solution. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Properties, and Redox Behavior of Mono‐, Bis‐, and Tris[1,1,4,4,‐tetracyano‐2‐(1‐azulenyl)‐3‐butadienyl] Chromophores Binding with Benzene and Thiophene Cores
Authors: Shoji Taku , Ito Shunji , Toyota Kozo , Yasunami Masafumi , Morita Noboru 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMono‐, bis‐, tris‐, and tetrakis(1‐azulenylethynyl)benzene and mono‐ and bis(1‐azulenylethynyl)thiophene derivatives 5–10 have been prepared by Pd‐catalyzed alkynylation of ethynyl arenes with 1‐iodoazulene derivative or the 1‐ethynylazulene derivative with tetraiodobenzene and iodothiophenes under Sonogashira–Hagihara conditions. Compounds 5–10 reacted with tetracyanoethylene in a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction to afford the corresponding 1,1,4,4,‐tetracyano‐2‐(5‐isopropyl‐3‐methoxycarbonyl‐1‐azulenyl)‐3‐butadienyl chromophores 12–16 in excellent yields, except for the reaction of the tetrakis(1‐azulenylethynyl)benzene derivative. 1,1,4,4,‐Tetracyano‐2,3‐bis(1‐azulenyl)butadiene (17) was also prepared by the similar reaction of bis(1‐azulenyl)acetylene (11) with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). The redox behavior of novel azulene derivatives 12–17 was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which revealed multistep electrochemical reduction properties. Moreover, a significant color change was observed by visible spectroscopy under electrochemical reduction conditions.
Dinuclear Zinc‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Desymmetrization of Acyclic 2‐Substituted‐1,3‐Propanediols: A Powerful Entry into Chiral Building Blocks
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Malhotra Sushant , Mino Takashi , Rajapaksa Naomi S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe asymmetric acylation of meso‐2‐substituted‐1,3‐propanediols by using an amphoteric chiral dinuclear zinc catalyst is described. It is has been demonstrated that both 2‐alkyl‐ and 2‐aryl‐1,3‐propanediols can be desymmetrized in high yields and enantioselectivities by using the same family of ligands. Given that both antipodes of the chiral catalyst are available, both enantiomers of the desymmetrized product can be obtained from the same starting material. The synthetic utility of the desymmetrized products has been demonstrated by the synthesis of several chiral building blocks with high enantiomeric purities.
Synthesis and Reactivity of [Penta(4‐halogenophenyl)cyclopentadienyl][hydrotris(indazolyl)borato]ruthenium(II) Complexes: Rotation‐Induced Fosbury Flop in an Organometallic Molecular Turnstile
Authors: Carella Alexandre , Launay Jean‐Pierre , Poteau Romuald , Rapenne Gwénaël 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe preparation of ruthenium(II) complexes coordinated to a penta(4‐halogeno)phenylcyclopentadienyl ligand and to the hydrotris(indazolyl)borate ligand are detailed. Our strategy involves first the coordination of the penta(4‐bromo)phenylcyclopentadienyl ligand by reaction with the ruthenium–carbonyl cluster followed by the coordination of the tripodal ligand. The pentabrominated precursor was successfully converted to the pentaiodinated derivative by using the Klapars–Buchwald methodology, applied for the first time on organometallic substrates. Cross‐coupling reactions were performed on both pentabromo and pentaiodo complexes to introduce in a single step the five peripheric ferrocenyl fragments required to obtain a potential molecular motor. The two ligands present in the ruthenium complexes undergo a correlated rotation that was established both experimentally by NMR experiments and an X‐ray diffraction study, and theoretically by DFT calculations. The potential‐energy curve obtained by DFT revealed the energy barrier of the gearing mechanism to be only 4.5 kcal mol−1. These sterically highly constrained complexes can be regarded as organometallic molecular turnstiles.
Total Synthesis and Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Guadinomines B and C2
Authors: Hirose Tomoyasu , Sunazuka Toshiaki , Tsuchiya Satoshi , Tanaka Toshiaki , Kojima Yasuhiro , Mori Ryuma , Iwatsuki Masato , Ōmura Satoshi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article describes the determination of the absolute configurations of the guadinomines, which are novel cyclic guanidyl natural products that are inhibitors of the type III secretion system (TTSS) of bacteria. Any compound that interrupts the TTSS of bacteria is potentially an ideal anti‐infectious drug. The reliable asymmetric synthesis of guadinomines has revealed their absolute configurations, which could not have been defined without this synthetic approach. Our report not only describes the asymmetric total synthesis of the title compounds, but also demonstrates the novel concise synthesis of tri‐substituted piperazinone cores as optically pure forms. The novel feature of our method is an intramolecular SN2 cyclization that uses PPh3 and I2 to construct the unique 5‐membered cyclic guanidine substructure.