bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucin‐depleted foci show strong activation of inflammatory markers in 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced carcinogenesis and are promoted by the inflammatory agent sodium dextran sulfate
Authors: Femia Angelo Pietro , Dolara Piero , Luceri Cristina , Salvadori Maddalena , Caderni Giovanna 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMucin‐depleted foci (MDF), formed by dysplastic crypts devoid of mucins, have been identified in the colon of carcinogen‐treated rodents and in humans at high risk for colon cancer. The lack of the protective layer of mucus may cause inflammation which has been linked to colon carcinogenesis, therefore, the expression of markers such as cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i‐NOS) and macrophage infiltration was studied with immunohistochemistry (IH) in MDF harvested from F344 rats treated with the colon carcinogen 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The same determinations were performed in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and, at a later time point, in tumours. A dramatic increase in COX‐2, i‐NOS and macrophage infiltration was observed in MDF but ACF showed a moderate increase compared with the paired normal mucosa. Tumours were positive for all the markers. RT‐PCR experiments demonstrated that i‐NOS RNA expression was increased in a set of MDF confirming the results obtained with immunohistochemistry. In an inflammation‐cancer experimental model [mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)], we observed that DSS‐induced inflammation promoted MDF in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas ACF were not affected. In conclusion, we report here for the first time a strong activation of the inflammatory process in MDF, which may contribute to the further progression of MDF to tumours. © 2009 UICC
Culture of human mesenchymal stem cells using electrosprayed porous chitosan microbeads
Authors: Maeng Yu‐Jeong , Choi Sung‐Wook , Kim Hyun Ok , Kim Jung‐Hyun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to fabricate porous chitosan microbeads using an electrospraying method into liquid nitrogen, then thawing and refreezing. The microbeads were then used to evaluate their potential for tissue engineering of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a mercury porosimeter were used to show the morphology of the scaffolds formed and to determine their pore size and porosity. As the chitosan concentration increased (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt %), the diameter of the porous microbead increased from 350 to 890 μm, and the average pore size and the porosity decreased from 65 to 21 μm and 95 to 38%, respectively. The hMSCs were cultured onto the porous microbeads in a spinner flask. SEM images and methyl tetrazolium salt assays at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days of culture revealed that hMSCs had successfully attached and proliferated inside the porous microbeads. This study demonstrated that electrosprayed porous chitosan microbeads can be used as three‐dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Synthesis of tricyclic phospholene oxides by cycloaddition of phosphorus halides with heterocyclic analogs of 1‐vinyl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalenes
Authors: Quin Louis D. , Gordon Michael D. , Macdiarmid Joan E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReplacement of C‐4 with a hetero substituent (NR,O,S) in the 1‐vinyl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalene system has provided a new type of diene for participation in the McCormack cycloaddition reaction with P(III) halides. The tricyclic phospholene oxides so obtained are the first to bear an additional heteroatom in the ring system. 1,2‐Dihydro‐7‐methoxy‐1‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)‐4‐vinylquinoline is a stable solid that reacts with methylphosphonous dichloride to give, after hydrolysis of the cycloadduct, the 1,2,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐phospholo‐[2,3‐c]quinoline ring system. The dihydroquinoline moiety was aromatized by detosylation with potassium t‐butoxide. The tendency of 4‐vinyl‐2H‐benzopyran to dimerize was a serious complication in its use, and the cycloaddition with methylphosphonous dichloride proceeded only in low yield. The product, a 2,3,3a,4‐tetra‐hydrobenzo[3,2‐d]pyran derivative, was a stable, easily purified and characterized substance. 4‐Vinyl‐2H‐benzo[b]thiopyran was more stable than the pyran, but the phospholo derivative from reaction with methylphosphonous dichloride was more difficult to purify. All products were characterized by 13C‐nmr spectroscopy.
Some reactions of mono substituted pyrazine monoxides
Authors: Ohta Akihiro , Watanabe Tokuhiro , Akita Yasuo , Yoshida Maki , Toda Suzumi , Akamatsu Tomoko , Ohno Hiroko , Suzuki Akiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reactions of the monoxides of propylpyrazine and phenylpyrazine with phosphoryl chloride or acetic anhydride were investigated. Except in the case of the reaction of 2‐propylpyrazine 1‐oxide with acetic anhydride, chlorination or acetoxylation occurred on the pyrazine ring in all cases; moreover, these reactions occurred preferentially at the position poorest in π‐electron density. The N‐oxidation and the successive chlorination of monochloro‐phenylpyrazines were also investigated, and the structures of the products were confirmed.
Reaction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones with guanidine. Substituent effects on the protonation constants of 2‐amino‐4,6‐diarylpyrimidines
Authors: Al‐Hajjar Farouk H. , Sabri Salim S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract1,3‐Diaryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ones, I, reacted with guanidine hydrochloride (II) in the presence of 3 moles of sodium hydroxide to give the corresponding 2‐amino‐4,6‐diarylpyrimidines, III. The structure and configuration of the products are based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence.The protonation constants of these compounds (series A and series B) have been determined in 50 volume percent ethanol‐water medium. Excellent linear correlations are obtained when pKa values of the two series of 2‐amino‐4,6‐diarylpyrimidines, IIIa‐j and IIIk‐r, are plotted against the substituent constant, σx, and the polar substituent constant, σ* xC6H4, for substituted phenyl groups.The pKa values have also been correlated with the extended Hammett equation. The correlation follows the equations:Series A; pKa = 3.273 ‐ 0.820σI,X ‐ 0.662σR,XSeries B; pKa = 3.169 ‐ 0.424σI,X ‐ 0.137σR,X
Synthesis of benzo[4,5]phenaleno[1,9‐bc]thiophene and benzo[4,5]phenaleno[9,1–6c]thiophene
Authors: Tominaga Yoshinori , Castle Raymond N. , Lee Milton L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo pentacyclic thiophenes, benzo[4,5]phenaleno[1,9–6c]thiophene (1) and benzo[4,5]phenaleno[9,1‐bc]‐thiophene (2) were synthesized via the corresponding 3‐methylphenanthro[2,1‐b]thiophene (7) and 1‐methylanthra[2,1–6]thiphene (19).
Synthesis of 2′‐amino‐2′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorocytidine
Authors: Sharma R. A. , Bloch A. , Bobek M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAcetylation of 2′‐deoxy‐5‐fluoro‐2′‐trifluoroacetamidouridine with acetic anhydride in pyridine, followed by treatment with phosphorus pentasulfide in refluxing dioxane afforded 3′,5′‐di‐O‐acetyl‐2′‐deoxy‐5‐fluoro‐2′‐trifluorothioacetamido‐4‐thiouridine (3). Treatment of 3 with methanolic sodium methoxide furnished 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐trifluorothioacetamido‐4‐thiouridine (4), whereas its treatment with methanolic ammonia gave 2′‐amino‐2′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorocytidine (5). An alternative approach for the preparation of this compound proceeding from 2′‐trifluoroacetamidocytidine was unsuccessful, since the use of acetic anhydride in pyridine led to the replacement of the trifluoroacetyl function by an acetyl group, yielding an intermediate unsuitable for obtaining the target compound.The title compound was inactive at 1 × 10−4 M concentration against HeLa and leukemia L1210 cells in vitro, but inhibited the in vitro growth of E. coli cells at a concentration of 1 × 10−7 M. It was also found to be a substrate for CR/dCR deaminase partially purified from human liver, with a Km of 128 μM.
Nichtsteroidale entzündungshemmer. 13. Bis‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐arylthiopyrimidine
Authors: Klose Walter , Schwarz Katica 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 4,5‐bis‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐arylthio‐ and 4,6‐bis‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐arylthiopyrimidines are described. The phenylthio, 4‐fluorophenylthio‐, 2‐thienylthio derivatives were prepared.
A simple and efficient synthesis of 3‐cyano‐4‐phenyl‐2‐pyridone
Authors: Marecki Paul E. , Wemple James N. , Butke Gregory P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA preparatively useful method for the synthesis of 3‐cyano‐4‐phenyl‐2‐pyridone (I) is described. Reaction of 2‐cyano‐3‐methylcinnamamide (VII) with N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal affords the corresponding dimethylaminomethylidene amide VIII which in turn, is thermally cyclized to I in DMF solvent. The advantages of this method include mild reaction conditions for short periods to give good yields of I on large scales without chromatographic purification.
The first example ot the benzo[b]pyrimido[4,5‐f]azocine king system
Authors: Schwan Thomas J. , Miles Nelson J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBase catalyzed cyclization of ethyl 4‐[2‐(2‐amino‐4,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]‐2‐phenylpyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate, derived from ethyl 4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐5‐pyrimidinecarboxylate and 3,4‐dimethoxy‐6‐nitrobenz‐aldehyde, gave 5,6‐dihydro‐8,9‐dimethoxy‐3‐phenylbenzo[b]pyrimido[4,5‐f]azocine‐12(11H)‐one, the first reported example of this ring system.
Aminopyrazoles. IV . Pyrazol‐3‐ and 5‐amines from 2,3‐dihaloalkanenitriles or 3‐chloroacrylonitriles and hydrazines
Authors: Ege Günter , Franz Hermann 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2,3‐Dihalopropanenitriles and substituted 3‐chloropropenenitriles react with hydrazines in basic solution to form either pyrazol‐3‐amines 4 or pyrazol‐5‐amines 5 or a mixture of both isomers.
Photochemical approach to 4,5‐dioxoaporphine alkaloids. The total synthesis of pontevedrine
Authors: Castedo Luis , Estévez Ramón J. , Saá José M. , Suau Rafael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn easy and efficient total synthesis of pontevedrine 14b, a 4,5‐dioxoaporphine alkaloid, was achieved for the first time. It is based on the controlled photo‐oxidation of the lactam 7c, to give the benzylidene‐dioxo compound 13b and its subsequent photocyclizaton. A “one pot” transformation of the lactam 7c into norpontevedrine 14a was also achieved.
The reaction of 3‐(1‐imidazolyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones with nucleophiles
Authors: Kashima C. , Tajima T. , Shimizu M. , Omote Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGenerally 3‐hetero‐substituted 2‐alken‐1‐ones were prepared from 1,3‐alkanediones, 3‐chloro‐2‐alken‐1‐ones, or conjugated ynones. The preparation of 3‐hetero‐substituted 2‐alken‐1‐ones was subjected to some limitations by these methods. By the reaction of 3‐(1‐imidazolyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones (I) and 3‐(3‐oxo‐1‐alkenyl)‐1‐methylimidazolium iodides (II) with nucleophiles, 3‐hetero‐substituted 2‐alken‐1‐ones could be obtained regioselectively in good yield under mild conditions. These results suggested that compounds I and II were concluded to be useful intermediates for the organic synthesis.
The regiospecific synthesis of N‐substituted pyrazoles. I. 1‐ and 2‐substituted indeno[1,2‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Lemke Thomas L. , Sawhney Kailash N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of the enaminoketones (2 or 5) of 2‐acyl‐1,3‐indandiones with unsymmetrical hydrazines results in the regiospecific synthesis of 1,3‐ or 2,3‐disubstituted indeno[1,2‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H)‐ones (4 or 7). The synthesis of the enaminoketones (2 or 5) is accomplished by way of amine addition to the 2‐acyl‐1,3‐indandiones 8a‐c or by reduction of the indenoisoxazole 9. The structural assignment of the isomeric indenopyrazoles 4 and 7 is based upon 1H‐nmr chemical shifts.
Chemistry of 1,6‐diazaphenalene. Reaction with alkylating and acylating agents
Authors: Avasthi Kamlakar , Cook J. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA study of the reactivity of 1,6‐diazaphenalene (1) toward alkylating and acylating agents has been carried out in order to investigate the chemistry of this new heterocycle. Attempts to alkylate 1 were successfully completed by stirring the lithium stabilized anion of 1 with either methyl iodide or benzyl bromide to provide N‐alkyldiazaphenalenes 4 and 5, respectively, whereas, experiments performed to alkylate 1 under conditions employed for alkylation of imidazole were unsuccessful. Studies directed toward acylation of 1 did not lead, in general, to isolable acyldiazaphenalenes; however, in one specific case successful acylation of 2‐chloro‐9‐methoxy‐1,6‐diazaphenalene (10) did provide a characterisable amide (14). Where possible the chemistry of 1,6‐diazaphenalene has been compared to that reported for imidazole.
Synthesis of 2,3,3a,8a‐tetrahydroindeno[2,1‐b]pyrrole derivatives
Authors: Crooks Peter A. , DeSimone Francesco , Ramundo Eliseo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new entry into the 2,3,3a,8a‐tetrahydroindeno[2,1‐b]pyrrole system, 1, has been investigated. 2,3,3a,8a‐Tetrahydro‐3a,8a‐dihydroxy‐1‐methylindeno[2,1–6]pyrrole‐2,8‐dione, 3, formed from the reaction of ninhydrin and N‐methylacetamide has been subjected to catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and chlorination reactions to afford a variety of substituted derivatives of 1.
1‐Alkyl‐4‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2(1H)‐quinazolinones and thiones. Synthesis and 1H‐NMR spectra
Authors: Houlihan William J. , Cooke George , Denzer Max , Nicoletti Joseph 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of 1‐alkyl‐4‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2(1H)‐quinazolinones and thiones were prepared by a modification of the Pictet‐Spengler reaction that involves treatment of an N‐alkyl‐N‐arylurea or thiourea with an aryl aldehyde in the presence of methanesulfonic acid. The 1H‐nmr spectra of several of these compounds gave rise to unusual OCH2O and isopropyl signals.
Structure and bonding in 9‐hydroxy‐1,4‐dimethylthioxanthenium bis(carbomethoxy)methylide and related ylides
Authors: Abbady M. A. , Askari S. , Morgan M. , Ternay A. L. , Galloy J. , Watson W. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe single‐crystal X‐ray structures of 9‐hydroxy‐1,4‐dimethylthioxanthenium bis(carbomethoxy)methylide and 1,4‐oxathianium bis(carbomethoxy)methylide are reported. The methylide carbon of the former is pseudo‐axial while that of the latter is equatorial. The former exhibits a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond to a carbonyl oxygen atom.
Alkylation and an unusual reductive ring opening of some thieno[3,4‐b][1,5]benzoxazepin‐10‐ones
Authors: Olagbemiro Timothy O. , Press Jeffery B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAs part of a program towards the syntheses of novel tricyclic compounds, some derivatives of thieno[3,4‐b]‐[1,5]benzoxazepin‐10‐one system 1 were prepared and were subsequently subjected to reduction reactions using lithium aluminum hydride. Although thienobenzoxazines 4 were obtained as the sole product of the reduction in most cases, unusual ring‐opened products, namely 3‐hydroxymethylthiophenes 5, were also formed during several reductions.
Synthesis and structural study of cyclopentane, indene and fluorene spiro‐derivatives
Authors: Galvez E. , Trigo G. G. , Martinez M. , Cabezas N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of three pharmacologically interesting series of cyclopentane, indene‐2 and fluorine‐9‐spiro‐5′‐oxazolidine‐2′, 4′‐dione is described. Based on the data from 1H and 13C nmr spectra, the main conformational features of the above mentioned compounds is established.
Zur synthese von 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐2‐ und 3‐carbonitrilen. II. Mitteilung über studien zur chemie der 1,4‐oxazine
Authors: Bartsch Herbert , Schwarz Otto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDie Reaktion von O‐Aminophenolen mit Dibrompropionsaureestern fiihrt ausschliefilich zu 2‐substituierten Dihydro‐l,4‐benzoxazinen. Die hohe Regioselektivitat wird durch Michael‐Addition der Stickstoffunktion an den durch Bromwasserstoffeliminierung entstandenen Michael‐Acceptor erklart und durch Reaktion von 1a‐1d mit 15, die zu den 2‐Carbonitrilen 16a‐16d fiihrt, bewiesen. Die Substitution der Methoxylgruppe in 18 durch Cyanid liefert das 3‐Carbonitril 19.
Amidrazones. 8. Synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxdiazoles by thermolysis of N3‐acylamidrazone ylides
Authors: Smith Richard F. , Coffman Karen J. , Geer Susan M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractN3‐Acylamidrazone ylides 3 were synthesized by the reaction of 2‐(iminophenylmethyl)‐1,1,1‐trimethylhydrazinium hydroxide, inner salt (2a) or 2‐(1‐iminoethyl)‐1,1,1‐trimethylhydrazinium hydroxide, inner salt (2b) with acyl chlorides or acetic anhydride. Thermolysis of 3 gave 3,5‐disubstituted oxadiazoles 4 and trimethylamine.
Structure du méthyl‐3 phénylamino‐4 phényl‐5 triazole‐1,2,4
Authors: Bois Claudette , Philoche‐Levisalles Michéle , Chihaoui Mansour 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLa détermination de la structure du méthyl‐3 phénylamino‐4 phényl‐5 triazole‐1,2,4 a été effectuée par diffraction des RX sur monocristaux. Elle a permis de trancher entre les deux mecanismes de reaction possibles lorsque Ton oppose l'hydrazine à des hydrazonates‐N acylés.
Synthesis of pyrido[3,2‐c]pyridazines
Authors: Turck Alain , Brument Jean‐François , Quéguiner Guy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of some 3‐methylpyrido[3,2‐c]pyridazines substituted at positions 6 and 6,7 is described. The first step of the preparation of an aza analog of ellipticine is studied.
Thiocarbamoyl derivatives of N‐acylpiperazines
Authors: Dhawan Balram , Southwick Philip L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract1‐(p‐Chlorobenzoyl)piperazine failed to yield a thiocarbamoyl derivative when treated with ammonium thiocyanate; only a thiocyanate salt was formed. However, it reacted readily with benzoylisothiocyanate to form the expected 1‐(N‐benzoylthiocarbamoyl)‐4‐(p‐chlorobenzoyl)piperazine. Benzoylisothiocyanate also produced an N‐benzoylthiocarbamoyl derivative of 1‐formylpiperazine.
Reactions with heterocyclic diazonium salts. Synthesis of several new azolylhydrazones
Authors: Hafez Ebtissam Abdel Aziz , Abed Nosrat Mustafa , Elsakka Ibrahim Ahmed , Elnagdi Mohamed Hilmy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeveral new stable azolylhydrazones could be synthesized via coupling of diazotised cycliuc amidines with active methylene reagents. The obtained compounds were utilised for synthesis of several, otherwise not readily accessible fused azoles.
Synthesis of 6‐methoxyindoles and indolines. Regioselective c‐6 bromination of indolines and subsequent nucleophilic substitution with a methoxyl group
Authors: Miyake Yuko , Kikugawa Yasuo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRegioselective bromination of the 6‐position of indolines was investigated. Treatment of indolines with bromine in sulfuric acid in the presence of silver sulfate or with bromine in superacid afforded the 6‐bromoindolines, which were converted to 6‐methoxyindolines and indoles.
Substituted γ‐lactones. XXX. Reactions of α‐Keto‐β‐Subtituted‐γ‐butyrolactones with diamines
Authors: Amer Adel , Ventura Montserrat , Zimmer Hans 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe condensation reaction between α‐keto‐β‐aroyl (or acyl) ‐γ‐butyrolactones, 4a‐4e and o‐phenylenediamine or 2, 3‐diaminonaphthalene leads under retrograde aldol condensation involving loss of formaldehyde to formation of 3‐substituted‐3, 4‐dihydro‐2 (1H) quinoxalinones or benzo [g] quinoxalinones, 7a‐7g, respectively as a new convenient synthesis of this type of heterocyclic systems. The reaction of type 4 compound with 4, 5‐diaminopyromidine, 8, was found to proceed differently. 2‐[(4‐Amino‐5‐pyrimidinyl)amine]‐4‐oxo‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4‐phenyl‐2‐butenoic acid 9 was the only product formed when the reaction between 4a and 8 was run in ethanol. The same reaction in glacial acetic acid proceeds with loss of formaldehyde, to afford 7‐phenacylidene‐7,8‐dihydro‐6 (1H)‐pteridione 10. The reaction between type 4 compounds and ethylenediamine or 1, 4‐phenylenediamine leads to the formation of the bis‐condensation products 13–15, respectively.
Synthesis of pyrido [2,1‐f]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazine derivatives
Authors: Molina P. , Ferao A. , Fresneda P. M. , Lorenzo A. , Tárraga A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA convenient synthesis of derivatives of the 4H‐pyrido [2,1‐b]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazine ring system from readily available 1‐amino‐4,6‐diphenyl‐2‐pyridone and phenacyl bromides or arylmethyl ketones is described.
Synthesis of 2‐oxo and 6‐hydroxylated benzimidazole analogs of DOPA as potential norepinephrine antagonists
Authors: Zenker N. , Talaty C. N. , Callery P. S. , Wright J. , Hubbard L. S. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of benzimidazolone analogs of DOPA and α‐methyl‐DOPA and of the benzimidazole and benzimidazolone analogs of 6‐hydroxy‐DOPA is reported. These compounds showed a moderate amount of dopamine β‐hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitory activity but did not significantly alter tissue catacholamine levels.
Synthesis of(E)7‐[[2‐[4‐(m‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐3α and 3β‐hydroxy‐1‐butenyl]‐5‐oxo‐1 ‐pyrrolidinyl]]heptanoic acids
Authors: Zoretic P. A. , Bhakta C. , Jardin J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of an 8‐aza‐PGE1 analog, (E)‐7‐[[2‐[4‐(m‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐3α and 3β‐hydroxy‐1‐butenyl]‐5‐oxo‐pyrrolidinyl]]heptanoic acids is reported.
Synthesis of 4,8‐dimethyl‐6‐phenyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐1,3,6‐dioxazocines
Authors: Nishiyama Tomihiro , Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Yamada Fukiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFive 6‐phenyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐1,3,6‐dioxazocines were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxypropyl)‐ and N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)chloroanilines with paraformaldehyde in the presence of p‐toluenesulfonic acid.
The synthesis of benzo[b]phenanthro[d]thiophenes and anthra[b]benzo[d]thiophenes
Authors: Tedjamulia Marvin L. , Tominaga Yoshinori , Castle Raymond N. , Lee Milton L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of benzo[b]phenanthro[2, 3‐d]thiophene (5), benzo[b]phenanthro[4, 3‐d]thiophene (6), benzo‐[b]phenanthro[2, 1‐d]thiophene (9), benzo[b]phenanthro[3, 2‐d]thiophene (14a), anthra[1, 2‐b]benzo[d]thiophene (24), anthra[2, 3‐b]benzo[d]thiophene (29) and anthra[2, 1‐b]benzo[d]thiophene (30) is described as well as the preparation of 13‐methylbenzo[b]phenanthro[3, 2‐d]thiophene (14b).
Synthesis of (dihydrobenzoxathiinyloxy)acetic acids
Authors: Tegeler John J. , Ong Helen H. , Profitt James A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeveral (dihydrobenzoxathiinyloxy)acetic acids have been prepared as potential antihypertensive agents. The dihydrobenzoxathiin ring system was constructed via an intramolecular alkoxide displacement reaction.
Studies on imidazole derivatives and related compounds. 2. Characterization of substituted derivatives of 4‐carbamoylimidazolium‐5‐olate by ultraviolet absorption spectra
Authors: Tarumi Y. , Atsumi T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe representative mono‐ and dialkyl‐substituted derivatives of 4‐carbamoylimidazolium‐5‐olate (1) were synthesized unequivocally. On the basis of their spectral data for ultraviolet absorption spectra in acidic, basic and neutral solutions, we have found some spectral characteristics which make it facile to clarify the position of substituents.
A new synthesis of substituted 2(1H)‐pyrazinones
Authors: Vekemans J. , Pollers‐Wieërs C. , Hoornaert G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe hydrohalides of 2‐sec‐aminoalkanenitriles on treatment with oxalyl halides in o‐dichlorobenzene at 80‐100° give 3, 5‐dihalo‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones, of which the 3‐halo substituent is easily replaced by nucleophiles. A reaction mechanism for the pyrazinone synthesis is proposed.