bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Relative Progressivity of the Biden Administration's Federal Student Loan Forgiveness Proposal
Authors: Goss Jacob , Mangrum Daniel , Scally Joelle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We quantify the total stock of balances eligible for the Biden administration's 2022 student loan forgiveness proposal and examine which groups would have benefited most. Up to $442 billion in loans were eligible. Those who would have benefited most were younger, had lower credit scores, and lived in lower- and middle-income neighborhoods. We also find that Black and Hispanic borrowers would have disproportionately benefited from the proposal. We then compare the distribution of beneficiaries for the proposed policy to several alternative hypothetical forgiveness proposals and three existing tax credits. The additional forgiveness for Pell Grant recipients increased the progressivity of the policy at a cost of $129 billion. Reducing the income eligibility criterion in half from the proposal would have reduced the cost by nearly $100 billion and made the policy more progressive. Compared with existing tax credits, the announced forgiveness policy is less progressive than the Earned Income Tax Credit but more progressive than the 2019 Child Tax Credit and higher education tax credits. We conclude with a discussion of how each policy lever affects the progressivity of loan cancellation to help inform future policy.
Quantifying Bias in Hierarchical Category Systems
Authors: Warburton Katie , Kemp Charles , Xu Yang , Frermann Lea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Categorization is ubiquitous in human cognition and society, and shapes how we perceive and understand the world. Because categories reflect the needs and perspectives of their creators, no category system is entirely objective, and inbuilt biases can have harmful social consequences. Here we propose methods for measuring biases in hierarchical systems of categories, a common form of category organization with multiple levels of abstraction. We illustrate these methods by quantifying the extent to which library classification systems are biased in favour of western concepts and male authors. We analyze a large library data set including more than 3 million books organized into thousands of categories, and find that categories related to religion show greater western bias than do categories related to literature or history, and that books written by men are distributed more broadly across library classification systems than are books written by women. We also find that the Dewey Decimal Classification shows a greater level of bias than does the Library of Congress Classification. Although we focus on library classification as a case study, our methods are general, and can be used to measure biases in both natural and institutional category systems across a range of domains.1
On the Antiquity of the Virginity Blessing
Authors: Yahalom Shalem 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A variety of sources support the claim that different versions of the virginity blessing were recited throughout the Jewish communities during the Middle Ages. Despite its widespread use, the virginity blessing and confirmation ritual are not mentioned in the Talmud, and the wording of the blessing is first mentioned only in Sefer Halakhot gedolot. The absence of this blessing in earlier texts can be considered from two alternative perspectives. The first is that the blessing was composed after the Mishnah and Talmud were canonized. Alternatively, it was indeed an early blessing, but it was practiced in circles that operated outside the scholarly mainstream. Ruth Langer preferred the second possibility. This study will adopt Langer’s position that the blessing originated in the Land of Israel. It will show, however, that this blessing could not have been recited in ancient times and that it must have been a later development.
Identifiers and reflexives in Old Albanian
Authors: de Vaan Michiel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Albanian possesses eight different lexemes built to a radical element vetë, with meanings ranging from ‘person’, ‘self’, ‘own’ to ‘only’ and ‘apart’. The aim of this paper is to clarify the distribution and meaning of these words in Old Albanian, in particular, in texts from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. I also discuss the etymology of these various stems, though the ultimate origin of vet(ë) cannot be established.
Pompē, Peplos, Poikilia: Picturing the Panathenaia on an Athenian Amphora
Authors: Bundrick Sheramy D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An Athenian black-figure amphora from the Etruscan site of Orvieto juxtaposes a scene of Zeus, Athena, and Herakles battling Giants with three kitharōidoi in procession. Attributed to the Painter of Berlin 1686, the amphora shares much with the painter’s name vase, also featuring musicians but in a sacrificial procession to Athena. The Gigantomachy composition, meanwhile, echoes a group of vases by different painters dedicated on the Athenian Akropolis. I propose that the Orvieto amphora was inspired by the Greater Panathenaia, combining the Gigantomachy as a central myth of the festival with kitharōidoi from its grand pompē. Foregrounding the multilayered concept of poikilia, I further suggest the painter evoked the Panathenaia’s multisensory experience through the amphora’s materiality and aesthetics. Together, the amphora’s paired scenes encourage contemplation of harmony (harmonia) and divine order (kosmos).
Distinguishing Amazonian ipê species (Handroanthus, Bignoniaceae) using macroscopic wood anatomy and leaf morphology
Authors: Souza Elisa P. , Gomes Beatriz M. , Fagg Christopher W. , Marques Luiz Fernando , Gontijo Alexandre B. , Sonsin-Oliveira Júlia 
Published: February 2024

Summary
The ipê trees belonging to the genus Handroanthus are among the most exploited species in the Amazon Forest. However, limitations in the wood identification processes can lead to an overexploitation of a single species. We compare, macroscopically, the wood anatomy of five Amazon Handroanthus species (H. barbatus, H. capitatus, H. impetiginosus, H. incanus and H. serratifolius–Bignoniaceae). Except for H. barbatus the species are trees over 20 m tall and are used commercially. We compared leaf morphology of the two most commercially used species (H. impetiginosus and H. serratifolius), aiming to separate them in the field with identification keys. For wood macroscopical analyses, 55 samples were used; the specimens were obtained in the field and from wood collections. The dichotomous key, preferable to be used in a laboratory, enables the distinction of the five species. However, the use of this key requires more knowledge about wood anatomy, since it was necessary to use more quantitative characteristics, due to the great intraspecific variation in Handroanthus woods, also reflected in the PCA (principal components analysis) and grouping analysis. To identify the plant species H. impetiginosus and H. serratifolius, the use of axial parenchyma type and vessel characteristics were important distinguishing factors, while in leaves, the most significant features were characteristics such as leaf margin, trichomes and domatia. In addition, by focusing on these key features, a multiple access identification key was created, which simplified the identification by reducing the number of characteristics necessary for the identification, facilitating its use in the field.
Bendopnea Predicts High SYNTAX Score in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Şaylık Faysal , Kümet Ömer , Sarıkaya Remzi , Akbulut Tayyar 
Published: February 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major health problems worldwide. CAD severity, as calculated by SYNTAX score (SS), is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. A new symptom of shortness of breath within 30 s while bending forward is described as bendopnea and is related to elevated cardiac filling pressure. It is also known that a high SS is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction which leads to higher LV filling pressure. We aimed to investigate whether there was an association between bendopnea and high SS in CAD patients. A high SS was defined ≥22. Of 374 stable angina pectoris patients, 238 (64%) patients had bendopnea and 136 (36%) patients had no bendopnea in this study. The bendopnea (+) group had higher SS and Gensini scores than the bendopnea (−) group (posterior probabilities >0.999 and 0.995, respectively). The presence of bendopnea was independently associated with a higher SS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.82, 95% credible intervals [CrI] = 1.93–8.17). When different priors were used in the context of meta-analysis, there was only 18% heterogeneity among the results, indicating that the results of our study were robust. This is the first study to report that bendopnea was independently associated with CAD severity.
A study on immunohistochemical expression of HER2/Neu and p63 and its association with grade and invasiveness in case of bladder carcinoma
Authors: Sinha Subham , Choudhury Sunirmal , Mishra Jagamohan , Kundu Gourab , Bera Malay Kumar , Mondol Partha Protim 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Bladder cancer is a global disease, ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer. The incidence and prevalence increase with age. Grade and aggressiveness have been found to be related with different genetic expression and mutation. Aims: To evaluate any relation of grade and invasiveness of urothelial cancer with varied expression of immune histochemical marker p63 and her2/neu. Materials and methods: The present study was a hospital based prospective cross-sectional study. This Study was conducted from July 2021 to April 2023 in the Urology department of a tertiary care hospital. Total 90 patients undergoing trans urethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) were included in this study. Result: It was found that, patients who had decreased p63 expression had high grade in tumours (93.1%) compared to patients who were expressing normal p63 (32.8%) and this was statistically significant ( p < 0.0001). Tumours with decreased p63 also appeared to be more invasive, 62.1% were found to be muscle invasive. Tumours with her2 neu expression found to be more aggressive in nature, 85.7% had high grade features and 53.6% were muscle invasive. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that immunohistochemical expression of HER2/neu positive and decreased p63 expression were associated with high grade and invasiveness in case of bladder carcinoma.
Exploring Pathways to Caregiver Health: The Roles of Caregiver Burden, Familism, and Ethnicity
Authors: Mehdipanah Roshanak , Briceño Emily M. , Malvitz Madelyn , Chang Wen , Lewandowski-Romps Lisa , Heeringa Steven G. , Levine Deborah A. , Zahuranec Darin B. , Langa Kenneth M. , Gonzales Xavier F. , Garcia Nelda , Morgenstern Lewis B. 
Published: February 2024

Objectives This study examines the associations of ethnicity, caregiver burden, familism, and physical and mental health among Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Methods We recruited adults 65+ years with possible cognitive impairment (using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score<26), and their caregivers living in Nueces County, Texas. We used weighted path analysis to test effects of ethnicity, familism, and caregiver burden on caregiver’s mental and physical health. Results 516 caregivers and care-receivers participated. MA caregivers were younger, more likely female, and less educated compared to NHWs. Increased caregiver burden was associated with worse mental (B = −0.53; p < .001) and physical health (B = −0.15; p = .002). Familism was associated with lower burden (B = −0.14; p = .001). MA caregivers had stronger familism scores (B = 0.49; p < .001). Discussion Increased burden is associated with worse caregiver mental and physical health. MA caregivers had stronger familism resulting in better health. Findings can contribute to early identification, intervention, and coordination of services to help reduce caregiver burden.
Joint-Preserving Osteotomy of the Lateral Tibial Plafond for Posttraumatic Osteonecrosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rammelt Stefan , Walther Eric Jörg 
Published: February 2024

Background: Posttraumatic osteonecrosis (ON) of the lateral distal tibia is a rare but severe complication of malleolar fractures. Treatment options include ankle fusion, arthroplasty, osteotomy, and drilling but clinical data on outcomes are limited to single case reports. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the outcome following joint-preserving reconstruction. Methods: Over a 10-year period, 10 patients (8 females and 2 males, average age 36 years; range, 27-68 years) with posttraumatic ON were treated with intra-articular osteotomy of the distal tibia and bone grafting. All patients initially sustained a closed pronation injury, 7 with initial tibiotalar subluxation. Chronic syndesmotic instability following initial treatment was present in 4 patients and 5 were smokers. All patients were followed for a median of 68 (range, 12-103) months, 7 returned in person for clinical and radiographic follow-up. Results: No immediate postoperative complications were seen. Secondary ankle fusion was necessary in 1 case (10%) because of progressive osteoarthritis. At the time of follow-up, anterior ankle arthritis leading to impingement and requiring cheilectomy was noted in 4 cases, partial graft necrosis, and secondary syndesmotic instability requiring revision surgery was seen in 1 case each. Compared with the preoperative values, significant improvement in the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score ( P = .012), EuroQuol-5 Score ( P = .008), and Foot Function Index (FFI-D pain, P = .028; FFI-D restriction, P = .038) was seen. Average range of motion at the ankle was 45 degrees. Conclusion: In our limited series of patients with posttraumatic ON of the lateral distal tibia, we found that joint-preserving reconstruction using an intra-articular distal tibial osteotomy with autologous bone grafting usually provided significant functional improvement and pain relief. In our cohort secondary fusions by a median 5.5-year follow-up were rare, but secondary, joint-sparing surgeries were common. Level of Evidence: Level III, prospective study.
The Child Behavior Check List Usefulness in Screening for Severe Psychopathology in Youth: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Chavannes Pascal , Gignac Martin 
Published: February 2024

Objective: This article will review the use of the CBCL to diagnose youth with psychopathological disorders focusing on: ADHD, Mood Disorders, Autism Spectrum disorders, and Disruptive Disorders. Method: Using a narrative review approach, we investigate the usefulness of the CBCL as a screening tool to detect childhood onset psychopathology across different diagnostic syndromes. Results: The available literature supports the use of the CBCL for ADHD screening and as a measure of ADHD severity. While some studies support a specific profile linked with childhood bipolar disorder, replication studies for this profile found mixed results. The CBCL was also found to be useful in screening for patients presenting with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Conduct Disorder, and Childhood Bipolar Disorder all of which presents with more severely impaired scores. Conclusion: The CBCL holds promise as a screening tool for childhood psychopathology.
Using Q-sort method to explore autistic students’ views of the impacts of their anxiety at school
Authors: Ambrose Kathryn , Simpson Kate , Adams Dawn 
Published: February 2024

Anxiety is a common co-occurring condition for autistic students; however, little is known about how anxiety may affect their social or academic outcomes in an educational setting. Furthermore, the perspectives of students themselves have rarely been included in the literature. Using Q-sort method, 45 autistic participants aged 7 to 17 years identified the outcomes they perceived were most impacted by their anxiety in the educational setting. The three outcomes most highly rated as being impacted by anxiety overall were academic outcomes. Using by-person factor analysis, six distinct factors, or ‘viewpoints’, were identified. These viewpoints reflect different combinations of outcomes affected by anxiety, including missing school or activities, reduced interactions with friends, reduced classroom communication and finding it harder to complete schoolwork. This study adds to the literature by using Q-sort method to enable autistic children and adolescents to report the impacts of their anxiety. Anxiety has additional impacts on the social and academic outcomes of autistic students, highlighting the need for increased awareness and training for parents and professionals, an individualised approach to student support and further research regarding the relationship between anxiety and academic outcomes. Lay abstract Many autistic students experience anxiety, but there is little research that explores how anxiety might affect autistic students in the school environment. In this study, 45 autistic students, aged 7 to 17 years, completed an online sorting activity to tell us how anxiety impacts them at school. The students were given 21 statements about possible social and academic effects of anxiety (for example, ‘When I’m worried it’s hard to start my schoolwork’ or ‘When I’m worried I talk less to my friends or other students’), and sorted them based on how much they agreed each statement was true for them. The three statements most highly rated as being impacted by anxiety were difficulties related to schoolwork. By comparing the information provided by students, six smaller groups of students were identified who sorted the statements in a similar order. These groups show that anxiety affects different autistic students in different ways, including missing school or activities, communicating less with friends and teachers and finding it harder to complete schoolwork. This online sorting activity enabled autistic students themselves to report how anxiety affects them at school. The results suggest that it is important to provide individualised support for autistic students who experience anxiety at school, to reduce the impact of their anxiety on their participation, communication and interactions, and schoolwork. Further research about the effects of anxiety on the academic outcomes of autistic students is also needed.
The sanctity of decoding: Reframing Hebrew literacy in the United States and Europe
Authors: Badder Anastasia , Avni Sharon 
Published: February 2024

Aims and Objectives: This article explores the challenges Jewish children face in educational programs teaching about Judaism and Jewish culture located in the United States and Europe. Students learn to decode Hebrew but not to read for comprehension, which conflicts with other types of literacy learning they encounter throughout their education in school and at home. Methodology: The study is based on long-term participant observation at two religious education programs, one in the United States and one in Luxembourg. Data and Analysis: A language socialization lens was applied to coded fieldnotes to bring findings into conversation with each other. Findings: Following initial frustrations stemming from a mismatch between American and European schooled literacy expectations and Hebrew decoding, students came to understand Hebrew as a distinctive sacred language. This allowed them to reconceptualize decoding as a successful and meaningful form of literacy and to see themselves as competent Hebrew users and members of a broader Jewish community. Originality: Existing studies primarily focus on sacred languages and literacies oriented around supporting connections with the divine. This study contributes to the existing body of work by illustrating religious literacy education aimed at cultivating communal and religious identification. Implications: This study provides evidence that decoding of sacred texts without comprehension of lexico-semantic content can be a meaningful form of literacy that enables religious members to affirm and do community without explicit reference to divine relations. It argues for a distinctive form of bilingualism in which the sacred language and talk about it work together to create meaningful religious learning.
Testing the boundaries of the model of pro-group intent: Does group interaction influence reaction to poor performers?
Authors: Lukas Thürmer J. 
Published: February 2024

Objective: When task groups depend on all members’ contributions, one poor performer can threaten the entire group’s goal attainment. The model of pro-group intent (M-PGI) stipulates that group responses to such poor performers are primarily determined by the group’s assessment of that person’s willingness to help the group ( attributed pro-group intent). Despite supportive evidence, past research has neglected whether model predictions hold under conditions more representative of group life. The current study thus tests the M-PGI in (a) personal interaction, (b) settings beyond the work context, and (c) repeated decisions. Method: The current paper reports two experiments using repeated decision scenarios across a range of group situations (i.e., within-participant designs). The main experiment, moreover, manipulated whether two group members discussed their response to a described poor performer (interacting dyads) or decided individually (nominal dyads; between-participant factor). Results: Results provide consistent evidence for the M-PGI across contexts. Process analyses provide some evidence that model effects were stronger in interacting (vs. nominal) dyads. Conclusions: Interacting groups focus on poor performers’ intent when determining their responses. I discuss the implications of the M-PGI for group dynamics theory and research, as well as a range of applied fields.
Thumb Arthroplasty as Reliable Long-term Solution for Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Minimum of 15 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Van Geel Pieter , Decramer Arne , Top Alexander , Muermans Stijn , Ryckaert Thomas , Vanmierlo Bert 
Published: February 2024

Background: In patients with symptomatic trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint arthritis resistant to conservative treatment, surgical treatment can be advised. One of the many surgical treatment options is TMC arthroplasty. The Arpe prosthesis is one example of these TMC arthroplasties. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients who underwent TMC arthroplasty with the Arpe prosthesis after a minimum of 15 years of follow-up. Clinical, radiologic, and qualitative outcomes were assessed for 43 Arpe arthroplasties in 41 patients, of whom 2 had bilateral arthroplasties. The female to male ratio was 39:4. The mean follow-up time was 197 months (range = 180-225). Results: The cumulative survival rate after a mean of 16.5 years was 84%. Seven failures (16%) were registered, of which 5 during the first 3 years after primary surgery. All patients were successfully converted to a trapeziectomy. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score improved with 44.9 points and visual analogue pain score with 97% and 91% at rest and during exercise, respectively. Conclusions: This series demonstrates that thumb arthroplasty is a reliable long-term solution for thumb base arthritis, with significant pain reduction and functional improvement, even after 15 years of follow-up.