bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aminobenzotriazole inhibits and induces several key drug metabolizing enzymes complicating its utility as a pan CYP inhibitor for reaction phenotyping
Authors: Aluri Krishna C. , Slavsky Marina , Tan Ying , Whitcher‐Johnstone Andrea , Zhang Zhoupeng , Hariparsad Niresh , Ramsden Diane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAminobenzotriazole (ABT) is commonly used as a non‐selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to assign contributions of CYP versus non‐CYP pathways to the metabolism of new chemical entities. Despite widespread use, a systematic review of the drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential for ABT has not been published nor have the implications for using it in plated hepatocyte models for low clearance reaction phenotyping. The goal being to investigate the utility of ABT as a pan‐CYP inhibitor for reaction phenotyping of low clearance compounds by evaluating stability over the incubation period, inhibition potential against UGT and sulfotransferase enzymes, and interaction with nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Induction potential for additional inhibitors used to ascribe fraction metabolism (fm), pathway including erythromycin, ketoconazole, azamulin, atipamezole, ZY12201, and quinidine was also investigated. ABT significantly inhibited the clearance of a non‐selective UGT substrate 4‐methylumbelliferone, with several UGTs shown to be inhibited using selective probe substrates in human hepatocytes and rUGTs. The inhibitors screened in the induction assay were shown to induce enzymes regulated through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, Constitutive Androstane Receptor, and Pregnane X Receptor. Lastly, a case study identifying the mechanisms of a clinical DDI between Palbociclib and ARV‐471 is provided as an example of the potential consequences of using ABT to derive fm. This work demonstrates that ABT is not an ideal pan‐CYP inhibitor for reaction phenotyping of low clearance compounds and establishes a workflow that can be used to enable robust characterization of other prospective inhibitors.
Estimation of the benefit from pre‐emptive genotyping based on the nationwide cohort data in South Korea
Authors: Huh Ki Young , Hwang Sejung , Na Joo Young , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Jang In‐Jin , Chung Jae‐Yong , Yoon Seonghae 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenetic variants affect drug responses, making pre‐emptive genotyping crucial for averting serious adverse events (SAEs) and treatment failure. However, assessing the benefits of pre‐emptive genotyping based on genetic distribution, drug exposure, and demographics is challenging. This study aimed to estimate the population‐level benefits of pre‐emptive genotyping in the Korean population using nationwide cohort data. We reviewed actionable gene‐drug combinations recommended by both the Clinical Pharmacogenomics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) and the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) as of February 2022, identifying high‐risk phenotypes. We collected reported risk reduction from genotyping and standardized it into population attributable risks. Healthcare reimbursement costs for SAEs and treatment failures were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Statistics in 2021. The benefits of pre‐emptive genotyping for a specific group were determined by multiplying drug exposure from nationwide cohort data by individual genotyping benefits. We identified 31 gene‐drug‐event pairs, with CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 demonstrating the greatest benefits for both male and female patients. Individuals aged 65–70 years had the highest individual benefit from pre‐emptive genotyping, with $84.40 for men and $100.90 for women. Pre‐emptive genotyping, particularly for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, can provide substantial benefits.
Efficient species identification for Pacific salmon genetic monitoring programs
Authors: Robinson Zachary L. , Stephenson Jeff , Vertacnik Kim , Willis Stuart , Horn Rebekah , McCane Jesse , Coykendall D. Katharine , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenetic monitoring of Pacific salmon in the Columbia River basin provides crucial information to fisheries managers that is otherwise challenging to obtain using traditional methods. Monitoring programs such as genetic stock identification (GSI) and parentage‐based tagging (PBT) involve genotyping tens of thousands of individuals annually. Although rare, these large sample collections inevitably include misidentified species, which exhibit low genotyping success on species‐specific Genotyping‐in‐Thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) panels. For laboratories involved in large‐scale genotyping efforts, diagnosing non‐target species and reassigning them to the appropriate monitoring program can be costly and time‐consuming. To address this problem, we identified 19 primer pairs that exhibit consistent cross‐species amplification among salmonids and contain 51 species informative variants. These genetic markers reliably discriminate among 11 salmonid species and two subspecies of Cutthroat Trout and have been included in species‐specific GT‐seq panels for Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, and Rainbow Trout commonly used for Pacific salmon genetic monitoring. The majority of species‐informative amplicons (16) were newly identified from the four existing GT‐seq panels, thus demonstrating a low‐cost approach to species identification when using targeted sequencing methods. A species‐calling script was developed that is tailored for routine GT‐seq genotyping pipelines and automates the identification of non‐target species. Following extensive testing with empirical and simulated data, we demonstrated that the genetic markers and accompanying script accurately identified species and are robust to missing genotypic data and low‐frequency, shared polymorphisms among species. Finally, we used these tools to identify Coho Salmon incidentally caught in the Columbia River Chinook Salmon sport fishery and used PBT to determine their hatchery of origin. These molecular and computing resources provide a valuable tool for Pacific salmon conservation in the Columbia River basin and demonstrate a cost‐effective approach to species identification for genetic monitoring programs.
An efficient multi‐scale transformer for satellite image dehazing
Authors: Yang Lei , Cao Jianzhong , Chen Weining , Wang Hao , He Lang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGiven the impressive achievement of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in grasping image priors from extensive datasets, they have been widely utilized for tasks related to image restoration. Recently, there is been significant progress in another category of neural architectures—Transformers. These models have demonstrated remarkable performance in natural language tasks and higher‐level vision applications. Despite their ability to address some of CNNs limitations, such as restricted receptive fields and adaptability issues, Transformer models often face difficulties when processing images with a high level of detail. This is because the complexity of the computations required increases significantly with the image's spatial resolution. As a result, their application to most high‐resolution image restoration tasks becomes impractical. In our research, we introduce a novel Transformer model, named DehFormer, by implementing specific design modifications in its fundamental components, for example, the multi‐head attention and feed‐forward network. Specifically, the proposed architecture consists of the three modules, that is, (a) multi‐scale feature aggregation network (MSFAN), (b) the gated‐Dconv feed‐forward network (GFFN), (c) and the multi‐Dconv head transposed attention (MDHTA). For the MDHTA module, our objective is to scrutinize the mechanics of scaled dot‐product attention through the utilization of per‐element product operations, thereby bypassing the need for matrix multiplications and operating directly in the frequency domain for enhanced efficiency. For the GFFN module, which enables only the relevant and valuable information to advance through the network hierarchy, thereby enhancing the efficiency of information flow within the model. Extensive experiments are conducted on the SateHazelk, RS‐Haze, and RSID datasets, resulting in performance that significantly exceeds that of existing methods.
How developing a point of need training tool for evidence synthesis can improve librarian support for researchers
Authors: Chiang Bronte , McClurg Caitlin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMedical and health sciences librarians who are involved in evidence synthesis projects will know that systematic reviews are intensely rigorous, requiring research teams to devote significant resources to the methodological process. As expert searchers, librarians are often identified as personnel to conduct the database searching portion and/or are approached as experts in the methodology to guide research teams through the lifecycle of the project. This research method has surged in popularity at our campus and demand for librarian participation is unsustainable. As a response to this, the library created self‐directed learning objects in the form of roadmap to assist researchers in learning about the knowledge synthesis methodology in an expedient, self‐directed manner. This paper will discuss the creation, implementation and feedback around our educational offering: Systematic & Scoping Reviews: Your Roadmap to Conducting an Evidence Synthesis.
The cascade of care for hepatitis C in Victoria, Australia: a data linkage cohort study
Authors: Snow Kathryn , MacLachlan Jennifer H. , Rowe Stacey , Higgins Nasra , Cowie Benjamin C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHighly effective hepatitis C therapies are available in Australia. However, people living with hepatitis C face various barriers to accessing care and treatment.AimsTo identify gaps in the cascade of care for hepatitis C and generate estimates of the number living with untreated infection according to population group, using a representative longitudinal study population.MethodsWe linked hepatitis C notification data from Victoria to national pathology, prescribing and death registry data. We assessed receipt of key clinical services in a large cohort who tested positive for hepatitis C from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2016, with follow‐up to 30 June 2018. We estimated the number still living with hepatitis C, adjusting for spontaneous clearance and mortality.ResultsThe cohort comprised 45 391 people positive for hepatitis C. Of these, 13 346 (29%) received treatment and an estimated 28% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26–30%) were still living with chronic infection at 30 June 2018, with the remainder still living following spontaneous clearance (30%, 95% CI: 29–32%) or having died (12%, 95% CI: 12–12%). Half (50%) of those still living with hepatitis C were born from 1965 to 1980, and 74% first tested positive before 2011.ConclusionsDespite an enabling policy environment and subsidised therapy, many people in this cohort were not treated. Increased measures may be needed to engage people in care, including those who acquired hepatitis C more than 10 years ago.
Pathways and transitions for patients admitted to an emergency department after self‐harming events
Authors: Sandahl Malene , Lassen Annmarie Touborg , Stenager Elsebeth , Østervang Christina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe frequency of people presented in emergency departments (EDs) after self‐harming events is increasing. Previous studies have shown that the complexity of the disorders of patients admitted to the ED after self‐harming events can be overwhelming for ED healthcare professionals (HCPs) to handle. The objective of this study was to observe and investigate the pathways for patients admitted to the ED after self‐harming events to either transition or discharge. Participant observation and interviews were selected as the methods to generate insight into the pathways of patients admitted to the ED after self‐harming events. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. A sample size of 20 patients was analysed, and a total of 213 h of observation took place during the data collection. Three main themes appeared: (1) patients' mental stress versus high expectations, (2) uncertainty about how to address the self‐harming event and (3) a system of chaos. Patients admitted to the ED after self‐harming events struggle with difficult mental stress. Despite this, they face high expectations that they will fit in and cooperate in the ED. The healthcare system is organised with unclear responsibilities and without systematic ways to care for self‐harm patients and so provides chaotic patient pathways. There is a need for improved cross‐sectional competencies, mutual agreements and systematic communication for discharge, transitions and follow‐up care between those involved in the patient's pathway and care.
Patterns of Non‐influenza Respiratory Viruses Among Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Cases in Burkina Faso: A Surveillance Study
Authors: Lingani Moussa , Cissé Assana , Ilboudo Abdoul Kader , Yaméogo Issaka , Tarnagada Zekiba 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough influenza viruses cause only one‐fifth of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Burkina Faso, the other viral causes of SARI remain poorly investigated to inform clinical and preventive decision making.MethodsBetween 2016 and 2019, we prospectively enrolled inpatients meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition of SARI in Burkina Faso. Results of viral etiologies among inpatients tested negative for influenza using the Fast Track Diagnostics Respiratory Kits (FTD‐33) were reported.ResultsOf 1541 specimens tested, at least one respiratory virus was detected in 76.1% of the 1231 specimens negative for influenza virus. Human rhinoviruses (hRVs) were the most detected pathogens (476; 38.7%), followed by human adenoviruses (hAdV) (17.1%, 210/1231), human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) (15.4%, 189/1231), enterovirus (EnV) (11.2%, 138/1231), human bocavirus (hBoV) (7.9%, 97/1231), parainfluenza 3 (hPIV3) (6.1%, 75/1231), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (6.0%,74/1321), parainfluenza 4 (hPIV4) (4.1%, 51/1231), human coronavirus OC43 (hCoV‐OC43) (3.4%, 42/1231), human coronavirus HKU1(hCoV‐HKU1) (2.7%, 33/1231), human coronavirus NL63 (hCoV‐NL63) (2.5%, 31/1231), parainfluenza 1 (hPIV1) (2.0%, 25/1231), parainfluenza 2 (hPIV2) (1.8%, 22/1231), human parechovirus (PeV) (1.1%, 14/1231), and human coronavirus 229E (hCoV‐229E) (0.9%, 11/1231). Among SARI cases, infants aged 1–4 years were mostly affected (50.7%; 622/1231), followed by those <1 year of age (35.7%; 438/1231). Most detected pathogens had year‐long circulation patterns, with seasonal peaks mainly observed during the cold and dry seasons.ConclusionSeveral non‐influenza viruses are cause of SARI in Burkina Faso. The integration of the most common pathogens into the routine influenza surveillance system might be beneficial.
Life‐history traits of an exploited skate: The short‐tail yellownose skate Zearaja brevicaudata (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes)
Authors: Bianchi Santiago J. , Roman Jorge M. , Lucifora Luis O. , Barbini Santiago A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe short‐tail yellownose skate, Zearaja brevicaudata, occurs off southern Brazil and along the Argentine continental shelf, including waters surrounding the Islas Malvinas and the upper slope, and is very frequently caught by trawl fisheries throughout its range. The age, growth, and maturity of Z. brevicaudata were investigated using 204 individuals collected by commercial fishing vessels from northern Argentina, between March 2016 and September 2019. Age was determined on a sample comprising vertebrae from 151 individuals, 60 males, ranging in size from 391 to 956 mm total length (TL), and 91 females, ranging in size from 324 to 1060 mm TL. Maximum ages determined for males and females were 22 and 29 years, respectively. A Bayesian framework was employed with a set of three candidate models to estimate growth parameters (von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic). The von Bertalanffy model had the best fit, and the sexes showed undistinguishable growth parameters. For sexes combined, derived growth mean parameters (± S.D.) were L∞ = 1081 mm ± 64.34 mm, k = 0.09 ± 0.01 years−1, and L0 = 248 mm ± 23.52 mm. The age at maturity was estimated at 13.15 and 14.66 years for males and females, respectively.
Shortcuts and detours of environmental collective legal mobilizations: the cases of the Atrato River and the Amazon region in Colombia
Authors: CIESIELSKI MARKUS , GARCÍA CARVAJAL CARLOS ANDRÉS , VARGAS TRUJILLO JULIETTE 
Published: March 2024

AbstractColombia's Atrato River and Amazon region were declared legal entities by Colombian judges in 2016 and 2018 respectively. This set the stage for a new era of environmental litigation in Colombia, in which a number of natural entities have been granted this status. In both contrasting cases, non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) brought dramatic environmental harms to court through the special acción de tutela procedure, but did not claim a new ecocentric legal status for nature. This article asks how rights were collectively mobilized in the Atrato and Amazon cases and led to ecocentric judgments. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 2020 with members of NGOs and grassroots organizations involved in these two cases, revealing the emergence of grievance collectives. Through the analysis of these qualitative data, we argue for a perspective that considers the interdependence of legal mobilization and the collective as a social relationship. Collective support led to the choice of an unconventional process. However, this supported the litigation collectives and resulted in ecocentric judgments that generated challenges for the associated collectives in the post‐litigation phase. Thus, the analysis of legal mobilization and social relations in the collectives as interdependent improves the understanding of the shortcuts and detours through which complex conflicts have been presented in cases of environmental litigation, and helps to strengthen the scope and concepts of collective legal mobilization.
The association between well‐being and olfactory sensitivity
Authors: Joshi Akshita , Hummel Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWell‐being (WB) is defined as a healthy state of mind and body. It consists of mental, physical, and social domains. In our everyday life, we perceive millions of odors from our environment, which have a role in social communication, protecting us from the environmental hazards and in our quality of life. A lot is known about the association between olfaction and depression; however, the relation between WB and olfaction remains unexplored. In the study, we reanalyzed 122 healthy subjects (mean age of 26 ± 3 years; 58 men/64 women). WB state was examined using the 42‐item, General habitual well‐being questionnaire and olfactory sensitivity was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks test. We found out a significant positive correlation between the WB and olfactory sensitivity r119 = .21, p = .023. Therefore, it is evident that even in healthy subjects, there exist a positive relationship between the sense of smell and the WB state. This connection may offer valuable insights into potential indicators of future mental health conditions.Practical ApplicationsThe sense of smell plays a critical role in establishing social connections, including kin recognition and the development of sexual relationships. Olfactory loss serves as an early indicator for depression. Likewise, in individuals without apparent health issues, assessing smell function can serve as a potential precursor for identifying mental health conditions. Consequently, it is advisable to integrate smell testing into routine medical simulation training.
Blood gases, acid‐base, and metabolic alterations in calves with bronchopneumonia diagnosed via clinical signs and thoracic ultrasonography: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Boccardo Antonio , Ferrulli Vincenzo , Sala Giulia , Scavone Donatella , Paltrinieri Saverio , Filippone Pavesi Laura , Pravettoni Davide 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBronchopneumonia (BP) in calves potentially causes systemic changes.ObjectivesTo describe metabolic, arterial blood gas, and acid‐base disorders in calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasound (TUS), Wisconsin score (WISC), and combinations of WISC and TUS.AnimalsTwo hundred thirty‐one dairy preweaned dairy calves from 13 dairy farms.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Each calf sequentially underwent arterial blood gas evaluation, WISC score, venous sampling, and TUS. Calves were grouped based on a single diagnostic method and combination of WISC and 2 TUS cutoffs (≥1 cm; ≥3 cm) as healthy, upper respiratory tract infection, subclinical BP, and clinical BP.ResultsOxygenation and acid‐base variables were unaffected. Glucose concentration in TUS‐affected calves was significantly lower (P < .001) than in healthy calves (median ≥TUS1cm = 5.2 mmol/L 25%‐75% interquartile range [IQR] 4.5‐6.1, <TUS1cm = 5.9 mmol/L IQR 5.5‐6.6; ≥TUS3cm = 5.1 mmol/L IQR 4.4‐6.2, <TUS3cm = 5.8 mmol/L IQR 5.3‐6.4). Paraoxonase‐1 was significantly lower (P < .001) in TUS‐affected calves (≥TUS1cm = 64.1 U/mL IQR 40.8‐78, <TUS1cm = 77.3 U/mL IQR 61.9‐96.5; ≥TUS3cm = 59.2 U/mL IQR 37.7‐72.4, <TUS3cm = 72.9 U/mL IQR 53.4‐95.5). None of the variables highlighted clear distinctions in WISC‐detected clinical and subclinical BP calves based on the combination of WISC and TUS.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinical signs indicate minor systemic disorders compared to TUS. The abnormalities detected by ultrasonographic examination were moderate and did not deviate from normal reference ranges.
Shovel point optimization for unmanned loader based on pile reconstruction
Authors: Chen Guanlong , Wang Yakun , Li Xue , Bi Qiushi , Li Xuefei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study details an advanced shovel point optimization system for unmanned loaders, crucial for efficient shovelling operations. First, the shovel point evaluation index is established with reference to the driver's experience. Second, a novel method for pile profile reconstruction is proposed, utilizing a trained neural network to detect piles and extracting the point cloud using LiDAR and camera fusion. Subsequently, the system employs optimization algorithm to identify the best shovel point. Finally, 62 consecutive working experiments are successfully conducted. The system's performance closely approximates the driver's choices and achieves an average bucket fill factor of 97.7% for four materials. Results demonstrate the proposed method is reliable and efficient and contributes to the development of automated construction machinery.