bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the tumor genomic landscape of aggressive prostate cancer by whole‐genome sequencing of tissue or liquid biopsies
Authors: Weiss Simone , Lamy Philippe , Rusan Maria , Nørgaard Maibritt , Ulhøi Benedicte Parm , Knudsen Michael , Kassentoft Christine Gaasdal , Farajzadeh Leila , Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard , Pedersen Jakob Skou , Borre Michael , Sørensen Karina Dalsgaard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTreatment resistance remains a major issue in aggressive prostate cancer (PC), and novel genomic biomarkers may guide better treatment selection. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can provide minimally invasive information about tumor genomes, but the genomic landscape of aggressive PC based on whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) of ctDNA remains incompletely characterized. Thus, we here performed WGS of tumor tissue (n = 31) or plasma ctDNA (n = 10) from a total of 41 aggressive PC patients, including 11 hormone‐naïve, 15 hormone‐sensitive, and 15 castration‐resistant patients. Across all variant types, we found progressively more altered tumor genomic profiles in later stages of aggressive PC. The potential driver genes most frequently affected by single‐nucleotide variants or insertions/deletions included the known PC‐related genes TP53, CDK12, and PTEN and the novel genes COL13A1, KCNH3, and SENP3. Etiologically, aggressive PC was associated with age‐related and DNA repair‐related mutational signatures. Copy number variants most frequently affected 14q11.2 and 8p21.2, where no well‐recognized PC‐related genes are located, and also frequently affected regions near the known PC‐related genes MYC, AR, TP53, PTEN, and BRCA1. Structural variants most frequently involved not only the known PC‐related genes TMPRSS2 and ERG but also the less extensively studied gene in this context, PTPRD. Finally, clinically actionable variants were detected throughout all stages of aggressive PC and in both plasma and tissue samples, emphasizing the potential clinical applicability of WGS of minimally invasive plasma samples. Overall, our study highlights the feasibility of using liquid biopsies for comprehensive genomic characterization as an alternative to tissue biopsies in advanced/aggressive PC.
Machine learning‐assisted wearable sensor array for comprehensive ammonia and nitrogen dioxide detection in wide relative humidity range
Authors: Li Yiwen , Guo Shuai , Wang Boyi , Sun Jianguo , Zhao Liupeng , Wang Tianshuang , Yan Xu , Liu Fangmeng , Sun Peng , Wang John , Tan Swee Ching , Lu Geyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe fast booming of wearable electronics provides great opportunities for intelligent gas detection with improved healthcare of mining workers, and a variety of gas sensors have been simultaneously developed. However, these sensing systems are always limited to single gas detection and are highly susceptible to the inference of ubiquitous moisture, resulting in less accuracy in the analysis of gas compositions in real mining conditions. To address these challenges, we propose a synergistic strategy based on sensor integration and machine learning algorithms to realize precise NH3 and NO2 gas detections under real mining conditions. A wearable sensing array based on the graphene and polyaniline composite is developed to largely enhance the sensitivity and selectivity under mixed gas conditions. Further introduction of backpropagation neural network (BP‐NN) and partial least squares (PLS) algorithms could improve the accuracy of gas identification and concentration prediction and settle the inference of moisture, realizing over 99% theoretical prediction level on NH3 and NO2 concentrations within a wide relative humidity range, showing great promise in real mining detection. As proof of concept, a wireless wearable bracelet, integrated with sensing arrays and machine‐learning algorithms, is developed for wireless real‐time warning of hazardous gases in mines under different humidity conditions.image
Imperative connotation of SODs in cancer: Emerging targets and multifactorial role of action
Authors: Panda Biswajit , Tripathy Ankita , Patra Srimanta , Kullu Bandana , Tabrez Shams , Jena Mrutyunjay 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSuperoxide dismutase (SOD) is a crucial enzyme responsible for the redox homeostasis inside the cell. As a part of the antioxidant defense system, it plays a pivotal role in the dismutation of the superoxide radicals () generated mainly by the oxidative phosphorylation, which would otherwise bring out the redox dysregulation, leading to higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and, ultimately, cell transformation, and malignancy. Several studies have shown the involvement of ROS in a wide range of human cancers. As SOD is the key enzyme in regulating ROS, any change, such as a transcriptional change, epigenetic remodeling, functional alteration, and so forth, either activates the proto‐oncogenes or aberrant signaling cascades, which results in cancer. Interestingly, in some cases, SODs act as tumor promoters instead of suppressors. Furthermore, SODs have also been known to switch their role during tumor progression. In this review, we have tried to give a comprehensive account of SODs multifactorial role in various human cancers so that SODs‐based therapeutic strategies could be made to thwart cancers.
Comparison of teaching methods for the emergence and maintenance of untaught relations in foreign language vocabulary acquisition: A systematic replication
Authors: Yamaguchi Masaya , Matsuda Soichiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a replication of Daly and K. Dounavi (2020), the researchers evaluated the effect of foreign tact and bidirectional intraverbal teaching on the emergence of untaught relations. Three university students learned three stimulus sets through three types of teaching: native‐foreign intraverbal teaching (vocalizing Spanish words that refer to a Japanese textual stimulus), foreign‐native intraverbal teaching (reversed relation of native‐foreign condition), and foreign‐tact teaching (tacting a picture in Spanish). The researchers used an adapted alternating‐treatments design to assess the differential effect of each teaching condition on the emergence of untaught relations in a foreign language and collected data on response maintenance. The results replicated previous findings that native‐foreign intraverbal and foreign‐tact teachings were more effective than foreign‐native intraverbal teaching despite previous reporting that the maintenance outcomes may be a result of carryover effects.
Diagnosis of an epidermoid retroperitoneal cyst via ultrasound: A case report
Authors: Yonghan Wei , Jian Mo , Shujing Wei , Jie Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRetroperitoneal cysts (RPCs) are rare types of cyst in the retroperitoneal space that are frequently misdiagnosed as gynecological tumors. This case report details, an epidermoid RPC, identified through 2D ultrasound, with attempts to visualize its rendered images using 3D ultrasound. A 39‐year‐old female patient was admitted to the hospital following the detection of a pelvic mass during a routine physical examination. Initially, the lesion was suspected to be an ovarian tumor, but subsequent ultrasound investigations suggested an epidermoid RPC. This diagnosis was later confirmed by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. The definitive diagnosis was made following laparoscopic exploration and pathological examination. This case is shared to analyze the ultrasound characteristics of epidermoid RPCs.
Neonatal enteroids absorb extracellular vesicles from human milk‐fed infant digestive fluid
Authors: Yung Claire , Zhang Yang , Kuhn Madeline , Armstrong Randall J. , Olyaei Amy , Aloia Molly , Scottoline Brian , Andres Sarah F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHuman milk contains extracellular vesicles (HMEVs). Pre‐clinical models suggest that HMEVs may enhance intestinal function and limit inflammation; however, it is unknown if HMEVs or their cargo survive neonatal human digestion. This limits the ability to leverage HMEV cargo as additives to infant nutrition or as therapeutics. This study aimed to develop an EV isolation pipeline from small volumes of human milk and neonatal intestinal contents after milk feeding (digesta) to address the hypothesis that HMEVs survive in vivo neonatal digestion to be taken up intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Digesta was collected from nasoduodenal sampling tubes or ostomies. EVs were isolated from raw and pasteurized human milk and digesta by density‐gradient ultracentrifugation following two‐step skimming, acid precipitation of caseins, and multi‐step filtration. EVs were validated by electron microscopy, western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, resistive pulse sensing, and super‐resolution microscopy. EV uptake was tested in human neonatal enteroids. HMEVs and digesta EVs (dEVs) show typical EV morphology and are enriched in CD81 and CD9, but depleted of β‐casein and lactalbumin. HMEV and some dEV fractions contain mammary gland‐derived protein BTN1A1. Neonatal human enteroids rapidly take up dEVs in part via clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. Our data suggest that EVs can be isolated from digestive fluid and that these dEVs can be absorbed by IECs.
Assessment of Lung Nodule Detection and Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System Classification Using Zero Echo Time Pulmonary MRI
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Cui Yingying , Wang Ying , Liu Shuo , Meng Nan , Wei Wei , Bai Yan , Shen Yu , Guo Jinxia , Guo Zhiping , Wang Meiyun 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe detection rate of lung nodules has increased considerably with CT as the primary method of examination, and the repeated CT examinations at 3 months, 6 months or annually, based on nodule characteristics, have increased the radiation exposure of patients. So, it is urgent to explore a radiation‐free MRI examination method that can effectively address the challenges posed by low proton density and magnetic field inhomogeneities.PurposeTo evaluate the potential of zero echo time (ZTE) MRI in lung nodule detection and lung CT screening reporting and data system (lung‐RADS) classification, and to explore the value of ZTE‐MRI in the assessment of lung nodules.Study TypeProspective.Population54 patients, including 21 men and 33 women.Field Strength/SequenceChest CT using a 16‐slice scanner and ZTE‐MRI at 3.0T based on fast gradient echo.AssessmentNodule type (ground‐glass nodules, part‐solid nodules, and solid nodules), lung‐RADS classification, and nodule diameter (manual measurement) on CT and ZTE‐MRI images were recorded.Statistical TestsThe percent of concordant cases, Kappa value, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, Spearman's correlation, and Bland–Altman. The p‐value <0.05 is considered significant.ResultsA total of 54 patients (age, 54.8 ± 11.9 years; 21 men) with 63 nodules were enrolled. Compared with CT, the total nodule detection rate of ZTE‐MRI was 85.7%. The intermodality agreement of ZTE‐MRI and CT lung nodules type evaluation was substantial (Kappa = 0.761), and the intermodality agreement of ZTE‐MRI and CT lung‐RADS classification was moderate (Kappa = 0.592). The diameter measurements between ZTE‐MRI and CT showed no significant difference and demonstrated a high degree of interobserver (ICC = 0.997–0.999) and intermodality (ICC = 0.956–0.985) agreements.Data ConclusionThe measurement of nodule diameter by pulmonary ZTE‐MRI is similar to that by CT, but the ability of lung‐RADS to classify nodes from MRI images still requires further research.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Effect of cationic Gemini surfactants ethonium and decamethoxin on the spectral properties, solubility and tautomerism of the curcumin
Authors: Barvinchenko Valentyna M. , Kazakova Olga O. , Lipkovska Natalia O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe properties of natural polyphenol curcumin in water solutions of cationic Gemini surfactants decamethoxin and ethonium, which have similar positively charged nitrogen hydrophilic head groups but different spacer sizes and lengths of hydrophobic tails have been investigated in a wide range of concentrations by using UV–Vis spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical calculations. It was found that curcumin dissolves in the organized micellar media of these surfactants in the enol tautomeric form and its solubility increases 400 times compared to water. The binding constants of curcumin with decamethoxin and ethonium were determined by the solubility method. Significant differences in the influence of premicellar concentrations of cationic Gemini surfactants on the solubility and tautomeric transformations of curcumin were revealed. In contrast to decamethoxin, ethonium at a concentration below the CMC promotes a significant increase in the solubility of curcumin and a shift in the tautomeric equilibrium towards the formation of its keto form.
Patient Factors Associated with Missed Otolaryngology Appointments at an Urban Safety‐Net Hospital
Authors: Wilson Carolyn A. , Jamil Taylor L. , Velu Preetha S. , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo determine if patient factors related to ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), medical comorbidities, or appointment characteristics increase the risk of missing an initial adult otolaryngology appointment.MethodsThis study is a retrospective case control study at Boston Medical Center (BMC) in Boston, Massachusetts, that took place in 2019. Patient demographic and medical comorbidity data as well as appointment characteristic data were collected and compared between those that attended their initial otolaryngology appointment versus those who missed their initial appointment. Chi‐square and ANOVA tests were used to calculate differences between attendance outcomes. Multivariate analysis was used to compare the odds of missing an appointment based on various patient‐ and appointment‐related factors.ResultsPatients who were more likely to miss their appointments were more often female, of lower education, disabled, not employed, Black or Hispanic, and Spanish‐speaking. Spring and Fall appointments were more likely to be missed. When a multivariate regression was conducted to control for social determinants of health (SDOH) such as race, insurance status, employment, and education status, the odds of females, Spanish‐speaking, students, and disabled patients missing their appointment were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionA majority of patients at BMC come from lower SES backgrounds and have multiple medical comorbidities. Those who reside closer to BMC, often areas of lower average income, had higher rates of missed appointments. Interventions such as decreasing lag time, providing handicap‐accessible free transportation, and increasing accessibility of telemedicine for patients could help improve attendance rates at BMC.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 134:4003–4010, 2024
Significant dark inorganic carbon fixation in the euphotic zone of an oligotrophic sea
Authors: Reich Tom , Belkin Natalia , Sisma‐Ventura Guy , Berman‐Frank Ilana , Rahav Eyal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEstimates of primary productivity have traditionally disregarded dark inorganic carbon fixation by marine microorganisms. Currently, only limited data are available from different systems on this potentially ecologically important process. We present monthly dark inorganic carbon fixation and photosynthetic rates from the euphotic layer of the northern Gulf of Aqaba collected over a decade between 2010 and 2020. Averaged dark inorganic carbon fixation rates from surface to 100 m depth, ranged from 99 to 173 mg C m−2 d−1, which corresponds to ~ 43% of the annual primary productivity at this location. The lowest dark inorganic carbon fixation rates were found during winter, contributing ~ 7.5% of the integrated primary productivity. During the oligotrophic summer, dark inorganic carbon fixation comprised a larger fraction of the integrated primary productivity estimated as ~ 12%. In accordance, dark inorganic carbon fixation contributed ~ 6% to the particulate organic carbon flux during the winter and ~ 30% during summertime. Complimentary nutrient‐enrichment bioassays of seawater from 5 m show that dissolved organic nutrient enrichment (P and C based) significantly elevates dark inorganic carbon fixation, whereas addition of dissolved inorganic nutrients (, , or both) significantly increased photosynthesis but to a lesser extent dark inorganic carbon fixation. These results suggest that dark inorganic carbon fixation may be an important biochemical process throughout the euphotic zone of oligotrophic seas, and thus should be incorporated into oceanic carbon production estimates.
Dynamic changes in lysosome‐related pathways in APP/PS1 mice with aging
Authors: Xu Zhendong , Hu Jichang , Wei Zhen , Lei Yu , Afewerky Henok Kessete , Gao Yang , Wan Lu , Li Longfei , Lei Ling , Liu Yi , Huang Fang , Yu Tong , Wang Jian‐Zhi , Li Hong‐Lian , Liu Rong , Wang Xiaochuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSenile plaque, composed of amyloid β protein (Aβ) aggregates, is a critical pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to cognitive dysfunction. However, how Aβ aggregates exert age‐dependent toxicity and temporal cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated AD pathogenesis and dynamic alterations in lysosomal pathways within the hippocampus of age‐gradient male mice using transcriptome sequencing, molecular biology assays, and histopathological analyses. We observed high levels of β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) protein expression in the hippocampus at an early stage and age‐dependent Aβ deposition. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the enrichment of differential genes related to the lysosome pathway. Furthermore, the protein expression of ATP6V0d2 and CTSD associated with lysosomal functions exhibited dynamic changes with age, increasing in the early stage and decreasing later. Similar age‐dependent patterns were observed for the endosome function, autophagy pathway, and SGK1/FOXO3a pathway. Nissl and Golgi staining in the hippocampal region showed age‐dependent neuronal loss and synaptic damage, respectively. These findings clearly define the age‐gradient changes in the autophagy–lysosome system, the endosome/lysosome system, and the SGK1/FOXO3a pathway in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, providing new perspectives and clues for understanding the possible mechanisms of AD, especially the transition from compensatory to decompensated state.
Nutritional Sources and Anticancer Potential of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights
Authors: M. Ezzat Shahira , M. Merghany Rana , M. Abdel Baki Passent , Ali Abdelrahim Nariman , M. Osman Sohaila , A. Salem Mohamed , Peña‐Corona Sheila I. , Cortés Hernán , Kiyekbayeva Lashyn , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Calina Daniela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a compound derived from cruciferous vegetables, has garnered attention for its anticancer properties. This review synthesizes existing research on PEITC, focusing on its mechanisms of action in combatting cancer. PEITC has been found to be effective against various cancer types, such as breast, prostate, lung, colon, and pancreatic cancers. Its anticancer activities are mediated through several mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death), inhibition of cell proliferation, suppression of angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels that feed tumors), and reduction of metastasis (spread of cancer cells to new areas). PEITC targets crucial cellular signaling pathways involved in cancer progression, notably the Nuclear Factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), Protein Kinase B (Akt), and Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. These findings suggest PEITC's potential as a therapeutic agent against cancer. However, further research is necessary to determine the optimal dosage, understand its bioavailability, and assess potential side effects. This will be crucial for developing PEITC‐based treatments that are both effective and safe for clinical use in cancer therapy.
Can calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibodies ameliorate writer's cramp and migraine?
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Suzuki Shiho , Fujita Hiroaki , Sakuramoto Hirotaka , Shioda Mukuto , Hirata Koichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecently, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become available as a prophylactic treatment for migraine and have shown high efficacy and safety in clinical practice. CGRP mAbs have been reported to be effective not only for migraine but also for other comorbidities, such as psychiatric complications in patients with migraine. However, there are no reports examining the effect of CGRP mAbs on dystonia. We treated a patient with comorbid migraine and focal task‐specific dystonia (writer's cramp) with a CGRP mAb (erenumab) because of an increase in monthly migraine days despite the addition of migraine prophylaxis. In this patient, erenumab treatment for 3 months led to improvements in symptoms of both focal dystonia and migraine, suggesting a role for CGRP in the pathophysiology of both conditions.
Cardanol‐based polybenzoxazine coatings: Crosslinking structures, hydrophobicity and corrosion protection properties
Authors: Ye Jiaming , Lu Xin , Xin Zhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo bio‐based polybenzoxazine coatings, cardanol/3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane‐based polybenzoxazine (PC‐aptes) and cardanol/stearylamine‐based polybenzoxazine (PC‐s), were prepared for corrosion protection on mild steel. The structures of polybenzoxazines were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Due to the presence of long hydrocarbon chains and hydrogen bond networks, the PC‐aptes and PC‐s coatings showed high hydrophobicity, with static water contact angles of 106.0 ± 0.6° and 104.8 ± 1.6°, respectively. It was noted that the silane‐functionalized PC‐aptes coating had a dual‐crosslinked network of polybenzoxazine and polysiloxane, which could effectively inhibit the penetration of corrosive media. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated that the PC‐aptes coating with higher crosslinking density exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to the PC‐s coating.