bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood social processes and academic achievement in elementary school
Authors: Emory Ronya , Caughy Margaret , Harris T. Robert , Franzini Luisa 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTo examine how neighborhood characteristics influence academic achievement, data were drawn from a community survey of low‐income neighborhoods and linked with data on performance on standardized testing for third‐grade students attending elementary schools in those communities. Results of multilevel logistic regressions indicated that probability of passing the reading portion of the test was associated with high neighborhood expectations for educational attainment and high collective socialization. Contrary to expectations, higher probability of passing reading was associated with higher fear of victimization and retaliation. Passing rates for the mathematics portion of the test were greater in neighborhoods with high levels of collective efficacy. Neighborhood economic impoverishment was not a significant predictor of passing after adjusting for neighborhood social characteristics. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Community violence and externalizing problems: moderating effects of race and religiosity in emerging adulthood
Authors: Fowler Patrick J. , Ahmed Sawssan R. , Tompsett Carolyn J. , Jozefowicz‐Simbeni Debra M. H. , Toro Paul A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe present study examined racial differences in the relationship between exposure to community violence and public and private religiosity in predicting externalizing problems among at‐risk emerging adults. Participants were 178 African American and 163 European American emerging adults at risk for exposure to community violence. Exposure to community violence related to more externalizing problems. Greater public religious affiliation buffered the relationship between community violence and substance abuse, for both African American and European emerging adults. In addition, more privately religious African American emerging adults engaged in less deviant behavior when exposed to higher levels of community violence. European Americans were not protected by private religiosity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between members' perceptions of their neighborhood organization and their involvement and perceived benefits from participation
Authors: Ohmer Mary L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA major resource of small voluntary neighborhood organizations is their members, who give their time and energy to the organization to improve their community. In recent years, there has been a revitalization of strategies that focus on engaging residents to volunteer for neighborhood‐based organizations. The current study was guided by organizational empowerment theory and explored the relationship between resident members' perceptions of their neighborhood organization and their level of involvement and perceived personal and collective benefits from participation. The results demonstrated that members' perceptions of their neighborhood organizations' characteristics and effectiveness were more related to their perceived benefits from involvement than their level of participation. Members' perceptions of their neighborhood organizations' effectiveness, particularly the ability to make tangible community improvements, were the most related to their perceived benefits, including their ability to influence government policies, knowledge and skills in neighborhood and community development, and sense of community. Implications for research and practice are also discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins mediate 1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐induced expression of osteoblast differentiation markers in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Hee Christopher K. , Nicoll Steven B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHuman dermal fibroblasts are generally considered to be restricted to a fibroblastic lineage. Although dermal fibroblasts do not typically express markers of osteoblastic differentiation, they have previously been shown to undergo osteoinduction when stimulated with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) or vitamin D3. However, involvement of BMP signaling in vitamin D3‐mediated osteoinduction has not been reported. In this study, human dermal fibroblasts were cultured in chemically defined medium containing vitamin D3, in the presence of the BMP antagonist noggin or neutralizing antibodies specific for BMP‐4 or BMP‐6, and characterized for markers of osteoblastic differentiation. Treatment of dermal fibroblasts with vitamin D3 induced expression of BMP‐4 (1.2 ± 0.2, 1.7 ± 0.2, and 1.8 ± 0.2 relative fold increase) and BMP‐6 (9.1 ± 0.3, 23.3 ± 2.1, and 30.4 ± 3.0 relative fold increase) at 3, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Vitamin D3 was also shown to induce the expression of the osteoblast‐specific markers, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, in a dose‐dependent manner in human dermal fibroblasts. Addition of noggin, BMP‐4 antibodies, and BMP‐6 antibodies resulted in a downregulation of alkaline phosphatase activity (by 42%, 22%, and 20%, respectively) and secreted osteocalcin (by 20%, 31%, and 49%, respectively) after 21 days in culture. However, blocking BMP signaling did not result in complete recovery of a fibroblastic phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest that BMP signaling plays a role in the induction of an osteoblastic phenotype in human dermal fibroblasts in response to vitamin D3 stimulation. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:162–168, 2009
Information format‐option characteristics compatibility and the compromise effect
Authors: Chang Chung‐Chau , Liu Hsin‐Hsien 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWhen consumers make a decision under preference uncertainty, they often select the compromise choice. Since the compromise effect of the middle option stems from the relational properties of the choice alternatives, an information format compatible with their characteristics makes the middle option more salient and attractive. Focusing on three studies, this article demonstrates that the middle option is (1) more attractive when presented in the middle position; (2) more attractive when information is presented jointly rather than separately; and (3) most attractive when presented in an information display board format, less attractive in a list by attribute condition, and least attractive in a list by alternative condition. These findings imply that information processing strategies and information format‐option characteristics compatibility work in tandem. These three studies thereby show that the information format‐option characteristics compatibility effect is robust and that such compatibility effect is not due to different information processing strategies, which makes these results meaningful for marketing practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How third‐party certification programs relate to consumer trust in online transactions: An exploratory study
Authors: Jiang Pingjun , Jones David B. , Javie Sharon 
Published: August 2008

AbstractConsumer fears about Internet security and ordering over the Internet can influence online buying behavior, and these fears may be exacerbated by increasing attention to identity theft. A key strategy to increase consumer trust in ordering has been participation in third‐party certification programs. This study presents a model describing the relationship between third‐party identifying logos, trust transfer, and trust buildup and tests the model with data collected by an online survey. The results support hypotheses that perceptions of third‐party logos are related to intensity of seal exposure, importance of trust factors in online shopping, and disposition toward third‐party certification. Also, such perceptions and the current level of consumer trust in general in online shopping are positively related to transfer of trust from certification to online e‐marketers. Prior research found that validating logos does not increase transfer of trust; a post‐hoc analysis revealed that this finding is dependent on type of logo. The findings indicate that Web site certification can reassure potential customers and increase the probability of purchase. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of expertise on consumers' satisfaction with the use of interactive recommendation agents
Authors: Su Hung‐Jen , Comer Lucette B. , Lee Sanghyun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBased on cost‐benefit theory and the value‐percept diversity model, this study investigates the underlying mechanism that makes consumers feel satisfied with the use of interactive recommendation agents (IRAs). The format of IRAs was manipulated experimentally (attribute‐based format/benefit‐based format/no agent) and participants were classified as either expert or novice consumers. The dependent measures were the perceived costs and benefits of the information search process, the perceived costs and benefits of the decision‐making process, and the degree of satisfaction with the outcome. The results explain the mechanisms underlying consumers' satisfaction when using an IRA. The findings also suggest the presence of an interaction between the expertise of consumers and the preferred type of IRA on various dependent variables. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensory enabling technology acceptance model (SE‐TAM): A multiple‐group structural model comparison
Authors: Kim Jiyeon , Forsythe Sandra 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSensory enabling technology (SET) can deliver product information that is similar to the information obtained from direct product examination, thus reducing product risk. In addition, the interactivity and customer involvement created by sensory enabling technologies can enhance the entertainment value of the online shopping experience. The proposed model examined this dual role of sensory experience enablers in the online soft goods shopping process for three types of sensory enabling technologies that are widely applied in online retail sites. The results provided empirical support for perceived usefulness and perceived entertainment value as strong predictors of consumers' attitudes toward using all three of the sensory enabling technologies tested in this study. The impact of perceived ease of use differed by technology. Attitudes toward using sensory enabling technologies had a significant impact on the actual use of all three SETs; however, the impact of technology anxiety and innovativeness on the use of SET also appeared to differ by technology. Virtual try‐on played a strong hedonic role, increasing the entertainment value of the online shopping process, whereas 2D views (larger view and alternate views) showed a strong functional role. The 3D rotation view served both functional and hedonic roles. The results indicate that each sensory enabling technology makes a unique contribution to online shopping—either by reducing product risk perceptions or by increasing perceived entertainment value. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arterialized venous free flap for reconstruction of burned face
Authors: Iglesias Martín , Butrón Patricia , Chávez‐Muñoz Claudia , ramos‐Sánchez Iván , Barajas‐Olivas Alexandra 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this study, a forearm arterialized venous free flap (23 cm × 14 cm) was used in a 25‐year‐old male with facial burns sequels to reconstruct both cheeks, chin, lips, nose, columnella, nasal tip, and nostrils. It was arterialized by the facial artery to an afferent vein anastomosis. The venous flow was drained by four efferent vein to vein anastomoses. Although it developed small inferior marginal necrosis in the lower lip, the rest of the flap survived with good quality of the skin in both texture and color, with self‐delimitation of the different esthetics units of the center of the face such as the nasogenian folds, nostrils, and upper lip filtrum, without the need of additional thinning surgical procedures. From all of the above, the arterialized venous free flap is an alternative reconstructive option for the treatment of burn sequels especially those that include the centrofacial region. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Existence of a weak solution to the Navier–Stokes equation in a general time‐varying domain by the Rothe method
Authors: Neustupa Jiří 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe assume that Ωt is a domain in ℝ3, arbitrarily (but continuously) varying for 0⩽t⩽T. We impose no conditions on smoothness or shape of Ωt. We prove the global in time existence of a weak solution of the Navier–Stokes equation with Dirichlet's homogeneous or inhomogeneous boundary condition in Q[0, T) := {(x, t);0⩽t⩽T, x∈Ωt}. The solution satisfies the energy‐type inequality and is weakly continuous in dependence of time in a certain sense. As particular examples, we consider flows around rotating bodies and around a body striking a rigid wall. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudoparabolic equations with additive noise and applications
Authors: Liaskos K. B. , Stratis I. G. , Yannacopoulos A. N. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this work we present some results on the Cauchy problem for a general class of linear pseudoparabolic equations with additive noise. We consider questions of existence and uniqueness of mild and strong solutions and well posedness for this problem. We also prove the existence and uniqueness of mild and strong solutions for a related perturbed Cauchy problem and we investigate the continuity of the solution with respect to a small parameter. The abstract results are illustrated using examples from electromagnetics and heat conduction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of immunogenic cell wall‐associated proteins of Streptococcus suis serotype 2
Authors: Zhang Anding , Xie Chunyan , Chen Huanchun , Jin Meilin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractStreptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a porcine and human pathogen with adhesive and invasive properties. The absence of suitable vaccine or virulent marker can be the bottleneck to control SS2 infection. An immunoproteome‐based approach was developed to identify candidate antigens of SS2 for vaccine development. Hyperimmune sera, convalescent sera, and control sera were analyzed for reactivity by Western Blot against SS2 cell wall‐associated proteins (WAPs) separated by 2‐DE. A total of 34 proteins were identified by immunoproteomic analysis, of which 15 were recognized by both hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera, including most WAPs currently characterized as SS2 vaccine candidate antigens: muramidase‐released protein (MRP), surface protein SP1 (Sao), and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GapdH). The novel immunogenic proteins may be developed as alternative antigens for further study of SS2 vaccine and diagnostics.
Report of the 9th HLPP Workshop October 2007, Seoul, Korea
Authors: Zheng Junjie , Gao Xue , Mato José , Beretta Laura , He Fuchu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Human Liver Proteome Project is one of the Human Proteome Initiatives launched by Human Proteome Organization (HUPO). Major achievements of the project have been obtained under the efforts of international collaboration with all the participants since it was formally proposed in 2002. Its updated progresses were presented in the latest workshop held in conjunction with the sixth HUPO World Congress in October, 2007, Seoul, Korea. Furthermore, four topics related to the project as well as other initiatives were lively discussed among all the attendees.
Description of the low‐affinity interaction between nociceptin and the second extracellular loop of its receptor by fluorescence and NMR spectroscopies
Authors: Vincent Bruno , Mouledous Lionel , Bes Brice , Mazarguil Honore , Meunier Jean‐Claude , Milon Alain , Demange Pascal 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe second extracellular loop (ECL2) of the Noc receptor has been proposed to be involved in ligand binding and selectivity. The interaction of Noc with a constrained cyclic synthetic peptide, mimicking the ECL2, has been studied using fluorescence and NMR spectroscopies. Selective binding was shown with a dissociation constant of ∼10 µM (observed with the constrained cyclic loop and not with the open chain), and residues involved in ligand binding and selectivity have been identified. This bimolecular complex is stabilized by (i) ionic interactions between the two Noc basic motives and the ECL2 acidic residues; (ii) hydrophobic contacts involving Noc FGGF N‐terminal sequence and an ECL2 tryptophane residue. Our data confirm that Noc receptor's ECL2 contributes actively to ligand binding and selectivity by providing the peptidic ligand with a low affinity‐binding site. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of aerosols on non‐precipitating marine stratocumulus. II: The semi‐direct effect
Authors: Hill A. A. , Dobbie S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the second part of a two‐part study, we use the UK Met Office's large‐eddy‐simulation model with bin‐resolved cloud microphysics (the ‘BR‐LEM’) to investigate the semi‐direct aerosol effect. In particular, we focus on the interaction between the semi‐direct effect that results from absorbing aerosol in the boundary layer and the indirect aerosol effects in non‐precipitating marine stratocumulus. We show that, irrespective of the initial concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), the presence of absorbing aerosol, i.e. black carbon (BC), in the boundary layer and the associated warming cause a decrease in liquid‐water path (LWP) and a positive radiative forcing, i.e. a positive semi‐direct forcing. Analysis of the change in the semi‐direct forcing with increasing CCN concentration shows that as CCN increases from 100 cm−3 to 500 cm−3 the semi‐direct forcing is reduced by 20%. In contrast, further increasing CCN concentration to 1000 cm−3 causes the semi‐direct forcing to increase by 75% relative to the value at 100 cm−3. We show that the semi‐direct forcing increases with increasing CCN concentration because of a coupling between the BC warming of the boundary layer and an evaporation–entrainment feedback that results from increasing CCN concentration, which further warms the boundary layer. This coupling increases the impact of BC, causing enhanced BC‐induced reduction of LWP with increasing CCN. It causes marine stratocumulus formed in high‐CCN regimes to be more sensitive to warming by absorbing aerosol, and hence produce a stronger semi‐direct forcing.We compare the BR‐LEM results with results from simulations performed with the standard large‐eddy‐simulation model (the ‘Bulk‐LEM’), employing a simple single‐moment bulk scheme, which does not simulate the dynamical feedback. This comparison demonstrates that for a case of very high pollution, the failure of the bulk microphysics to capture an evaporation–entrainment feedback results in a semi‐direct forcing that is 40% lower than that of the clean control run. As a result, the Bulk‐LEM significantly underestimates the semi‐direct forcing estimate relative to the BR‐LEM. We conclude that, irrespective of the microphysics scheme employed, the semi‐direct aerosol effect is sensitive to the indirect aerosol effect. However, failure to simulate the evaporation–entrainment feedback associated with increasing CCN concentration results in a significant underestimation of the magnitude of the semi‐direct effect and an overestimation of the total aerosol effect. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Examination of aerosol effects on precipitation in deep convective clouds during the 1997 ARM summer experiment
Authors: Lee Seoung Soo , Donner Leo J. , Phillips Vaughan T. J. , Ming Yi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIt has been generally accepted that increasing aerosols suppress precipitation. The aerosol‐induced precipitation suppression was suggested by the study of shallow stratiform clouds. Recent studies of convective clouds showed increasing aerosols could increase precipitation. Those studies showed that intense feedbacks between aerosols and cloud dynamics led to increased precipitation in some cases of convective clouds. This study expanded those studies by analyzing detailed microphysical and dynamical modifications by aerosols leading to increased precipitation. This study focused on three observed cases of mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) driven by deep convective clouds, since MCE accounts for a large proportion of the Earth's precipitation and the study of aerosol effects on MCE is at its incipient stage. Those MCEs were observed during the 1997 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) summer experiment. Two numerical experiments were performed for each of the MCEs to simulate aerosol effects on deep convection. The first was with high aerosol number concentration, and the second was with low concentration. The results showed an increased precipitation at high aerosol, due to stronger, more numerous updraughts, initiated by stronger convergence lines at the surface in convective regions of the MCE. The stronger convergence lines were triggered by increased evaporation of cloud liquid in the high‐aerosol case, made possible by higher values of cloud liquid necessary for autoconversion.The generality of these results requires further investigation. However, they demonstrate that the response of precipitation to increased aerosols in deep convection can be different from that in shallow cloud systems, at least for the cases studied here. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Hydrometeorological ensemble simulations of flood events over a small basin of Majorca Island, Spain
Authors: Amengual A. , Romero R. , Alonso S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA hydrometeorological modelling study is designed in order to assess the feasibility of high‐resolution mesoscale‐model‐driven runoff simulations for a small basin of Majorca in the Balearic Islands. Four intense precipitation events, which caused flood events of different magnitudes over the Albufera basin (with a drainage area of 610 km2), are analysed. The Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC‐HMS) runoff model is used to generate the hydrological simulations. The lack of flow measurements in the basin poses great difficulties in the evaluation of the rain‐gauge‐driven runoff simulations. Therefore the runoff model is run under the assumption that a best estimation of the hydrological model parameters, mainly related to the infiltration properties of the watershed, can be obtained from the high‐resolution observational campaign developed by the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) Land Cover project. The non‐hydrostatic fifth‐generation Pennsylvania State University / NCAR Mesoscale Numerical Model (MM5) is used to provide quantitative precipitation forecasts for the events. The MM5‐driven runoff simulations are compared against stream‐flow simulations driven by the rainfall observations, thus employing the hydrological model as a validation tool. In addition to the control MM5 simulations, a multi‐physics ensemble is carried out: various combinations of the physical parametrizations of the MM5 model (cloud microphysics, moist convection and boundary‐layer schemes) are adopted, in order to better encompass the atmospheric processes leading to the high precipitation amounts. Results show that high‐resolution numerical weather experiments in this area of complex orography accurately reproduce most of the extreme precipitation events under study, enabling potentially valuable discharge simulations, despite the small size of the basin. The value of the multi‐physical model ensemble in conveying the uncertainty of precipitation, and therefore the discharge experiments, is also discussed. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society