bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of EDTA with porous balloon on calcified lesion: An atherosclerotic cadaver study
Authors: Kawai Kenji , Madra Anna , Kawakami Rika , Sato Yu , Konishi Takao , Shiraki Tatsuya , Sekimoto Teruo , Tanaka Takamasa , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEthylene diamine tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent used to dissolve calcium deposits but evidence in decalcifying atherosclerotic lesions is limited.AimsWe assessed the feasibility and efficacy of EDTA delivered via porous balloon to target calcified lesions in cadaveric below‐the‐knee (BTK) arteries.MethodsUsing porcine carotid arteries, EDTA concentration was measured in the arterial wall and outside the artery at the 0‐, 0.5‐, 4‐, and 24‐h circulation after the injection through a porous balloon. In cadaver BTK samples, the proximal and distal anterior tibial artery (ATA) and distal posterior tibial artery (PTA) were studied. EDTA‐2Na/H2O or EDTA‐3Na/H2O were administrated using a porous balloon, then circulated for 6 h for EDTA‐3Na/H2O and 24 h for EDTA‐2Na/H2O and EDTA‐3Na/H2O. Micro‐CT imaging of the artery segments before and after the circulation and cross‐sectional analyses were performed to evaluate calcium burden.ResultsIn the porcine carotid study, EDTA was delivered through a porous balloon present in the arterial wall and was retained there for 24 h. In BTK arteries, cross‐sectional analyses of micro‐CT revealed a significant decrease in the calcium area in the distal ATA segment under 24‐h circulation with EDTA‐2Na/H2O and in the distal ATA segment under 24‐h circulation with EDTA‐3Na/H2O. The proximal ATA segment under 6‐h circulation with EDTA‐3Na/H2O showed no significant change in any parameters of calciumConclusionEDTA‐3Na/H2O or EDTA‐2Na/H2O with longer circulation times resulted in greater calcium reduction in atherosclerotic lesion. EDTA may have a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of atherosclerotic calcified lesions.
Delayed diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris in rural Nepal due to healthcare inaccessibility and harmful traditional practices: A case report
Authors: Adhikari Amisha , Mikrani Jameel Akhtar , Nepal Samata , Rauniyar Ashish , Chaudhary Manish , Atreya Alok 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageEarly intervention is imperative for potentially fatal dermatologic diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. In rural Nepal, limited public awareness, home remedies, and delays in healthcare access lead to poor outcomes. Although biopsy confirms the diagnosis, experienced dermatologists can make an accurate clinical diagnosis when characteristic skin lesions are present.
Acute intestinal obstruction secondary to ingested foreign body in an adult with autism spectrum disorder: A rare case report and review of literature
Authors: KC Suraj , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Abhijeet , Khanal Bhawani , Lamichhane Samiksha , Buhusal Amrit , Sah Vijay Pratap , Bartaula Sanjok , Raki Injmamul Haque , Jindal Raghav 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageForeign body ingestion is common in pediatric age group however can be found in any age group with intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental delay. There is usually a delay in presentation and interventions following foreign body ingestion in patients with neurodevelopmental delay, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and complications owing to inability of such patients giving relevant history. Most ingested foreign bodies naturally pass through the digestive tract without untoward effects. Only a few patients may require surgical interventions. Principle of management should be to reduce anxiety among patients and their visitors. Speedy recovery is enhanced so that they can return to their familiar environment soon.AbstractForeign body ingestion is common in pediatric populations and may be found in any age group with intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental delay. As the patient cannot give a clear and relevant history, there is usually a delay in presentation and interventions following foreign body ingestion in patients with neurodevelopmental delay, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and complications. Most foreign bodies pass through the digestive system without any complications, and very few require surgical intervention. The goal should be to reduce anxiety among patients and their visitors and to enhance speedy recovery so that they can return to their familiar environment soon. Here we report a case of Acute intestinal obstruction secondary to ingestion of the head portion of a doll which was managed with emergency laparotomy with enterotomy and removal of foreign body in a 16 years female with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Bi@C nanosphere anode with Na+‐ether‐solvent cointercalation behavior to achieve fast sodium storage under extreme low temperatures
Authors: Liu Lingli , Li Siqi , Hu Lei , Liang Xin , Yang Wei , Yang Xulai , Hu Kunhong , Hou Chaofeng , Han Yongsheng , Chou Shulei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe low ion transport is a major obstacle for low‐temperature (LT) sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a core‐shell structure of bismuth (Bi) nanospheres coated with carbon (Bi@C) is constructed by utilizing a novel Bi‐based complex (1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as the ligand) as the precursor, which provides an effective template to fabricate Bi‐based anodes. At −40°C, the Bi@C anode achieves a high capacity, which is equivalent to 96% of that at 25°C, benefitting from the core‐shell nanostructured engineering and Na+‐ether‐solvent cointercalation process. The special Na+‐diglyme cointercalation behavior may effectively reduce the activation energy and accelerate the Na+ diffusion kinetics, enabling the excellent low‐temperature performance of the Bi@C electrode. As expected, the fabricated Na3V2(PO4)3//Bi@C full‐cell delivers impressive rechargeability in the ether‐based electrolyte at −40°C. Density functional theory calculations and electrochemical tests also reveal the fast reaction kinetic mechanism at LT, thanks to a much lower diffusion energy barrier (167 meV) and a lower reaction activation energy (32.2 kJ mol−1) of Bi@C anode in comparison with that of bulk Bi. This work provides a rational design of Bi‐based electrodes for rechargeable SIBs under extreme conditions.
Cross‐layer all‐interface defect passivation with pre‐buried additive toward efficient all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Qiurui , Zhu Jingwei , Zhao Yuanyuan , Chang Yijie , Hao Nini , Xin Zhe , Zhang Qiang , Chen Cong , Huang Hao , Tang Qunwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe buried interface in the perovskite solar cell (PSC) has been regarded as a breakthrough to boost the power conversion efficiency and stability. However, a comprehensive manipulation of the buried interface in terms of the transport layer, buried interlayer, and perovskite layer has been largely overlooked. Herein, we propose the use of a volatile heterocyclic compound called 2‐thiopheneacetic acid (TPA) as a pre‐buried additive in the buried interface to achieve cross‐layer all‐interface defect passivation through an in situ bottom‐up infiltration diffusion strategy. TPA not only suppresses the serious interfacial nonradiative recombination losses by precisely healing the interfacial and underlying defects but also effectively enhances the quality of perovskite film and releases the residual strain of perovskite film. Owing to this versatility, TPA‐tailored CsPbBr3 PSCs deliver a record efficiency of 11.23% with enhanced long‐term stability. This breakthrough in manipulating the buried interface using TPA opens new avenues for further improving the performance and reliability of PSC.
Metal‐Organic Framework PCN‐224 Combined Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for Hypoxia Relief and Synergistic Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yuan Haoming , Chen Kaixiu , Geng Jing , Wu Ziyong , Wang Chao , Shi Pengfei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are promising tumor treatments mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have the advantages of being minimally invasive. However, the hypoxia of tumor microenvironment and poor target ability often reduce the therapeutic effect. Here we propose a tumor targeted nanoplatform PCN‐224@Co3O4‐HA for enhanced PDT and synergistic CDT, constructed by hyaluronate‐modified Co3O4 nanoparticles decorated metal‐organic framework PCN‐224. Co3O4 can catalyze the decomposition of highly expressed H2O2 in tumor cells to produce oxygen and alleviate the problem of hypoxia. It can also produce hydroxyl radicals according to the Fenton‐like reaction for chemical dynamic therapy, significantly improving the therapeutic effect. The cell survival experiment showed that after in vitro treatment, 4T1 and MCF‐7 cancer cells died in a large area under the anaerobic state, while the survival ability of normal cell L02 was nearly unchanged. This result effectively indicated that PCN‐224@Co3O4‐HA could effectively relieve tumor hypoxia and improve the effect of PDT and synergistic CDT. Cell uptake experiments showed that PCN‐224@Co3O4‐HA had good targeting properties and could effectively aggregate in tumor cells. In vivo experiments on mice, PCN‐224@Co3O4‐HA presented reliable biosafety performance, and can cooperate with PDT and CDT therapy to prevent the growth of tumor.
Silver(i) Perfluoroalcoholates: Synthesis, Structure, and their Use as Transfer Reagents
Authors: Golz Paul , Shakeri Kamar , Maas Lilian , Balizs Marius , Pérez‐Bitrián Alberto , Kemmler Helen D. , Kleoff Merlin , Voßnacker Patrick , Christmann Mathias , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein we report a general access to silver(i) perfluoroalcoholates, their structure in the solid state and in solution, and their use as transfer reagents. The silver(i) perfluoroalcoholates are prepared by the reaction of AgF with the corresponding perfluorinated carbonyl compounds in acetonitrile and are stable for a prolonged time at −18 °C. X‐ray analysis of single crystals of perfluoroalcoholate species showed that two Ag(i) centers are bridged by the alcoholate ligands. In acetonitrile solution, Ag[OCF3] forms different structures as indicated by IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the silver(i) perfluoroalcoholates can be used as easy‐to‐handle transfer reagents for the synthesis of Cu[OCF3], Cu[OC2F5], [PPh4][Au(CF3)3(OCF3)], and fluorinated alkyl ethers.
Advantages of a synchrotron light source for fluorescence‐detected linear dichroism
Authors: Jones Nykola C. , Rodger Alison , Hoffmann Søren V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFluorescence‐detected linear dichroism (FD‐LD) enables one to collect linear dichroism spectra for oriented fluorophores in the presence of other absorbing species and light scattering. The experiment proceeds by scanning the excitation wavelength and using a filter to collect only emitted photons from the fluorophore. Thus, it has the potential to give data with enhanced selectivity and quality. By using a synchrotron radiation light source and fluorescence‐detection, we show data for a range of fluorophores in different orienting environments. Film and flow‐oriented FD‐LD spectra were collected down to 170 nm. Even for flow‐oriented liposomes, we have data collected down to 210 nm. For strongly scattering samples, for example, liposomes, FD‐LD has the clear advantage that scattering is absent for the longer wavelength fluorescence photons. The collimated and smaller beam size of the synchrotron radiation also gives rise to sharper and more well‐defined features in the spectra.
Description of “Active Domain” Descriptor for Catalysis Center: N‐Doped MoS2 Catalysts as an Example
Authors: Xu Yixue , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhu Shifan , Peng Chunlian , Wang Yuqiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of descriptors to establish catalyst structure‐activity relationships is significant for the construction of efficient catalysts. In this work, we introduce the descriptor of “active domain” (ϕ) to describe the catalytic centers in N‐doped MoS2 with active edge perimeter and charge overlap ratio. The value of ϕ is quantified by the active edge perimeter related active site exposure ratio and charge overlap ratio corresponded product adsorption/desorption. The value of ϕ for rectangular‐like N‐MoS2, hexagonal‐like N‐MoS2, triangular‐like N‐MoS2 and quaternary‐like N‐MoS2 are 29.70, 22.17, 10.86, and 1, respectively. Therefore, the rectangular‐like N‐MoS2 active domains exhibit better catalytic activity than the other active domains. This descriptor based on catalyst geometric and electronic parameters contributes to design catalyst structures, predicts catalytic activity and investigates reaction mechanisms.
Development of 3β,4α‐dihydroxy‐5α‐androstan‐17‐one standard solution for doping analyses
Authors: Kuroe Miho , Yamazaki Taichi , Saito Naoki , Shimizu Yoshitaka , Ihara Toshihide , Numata Masahiko , Itoh Nobuyasu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDoping analyses are essential for sporting events because some athletes might use prohibited substances to win games. To obtain reliable results from doping analyses, it is important to use both reliable standard solutions and validated analytical methods at accredited laboratories. Among the focused compounds related to prohibited substances listed by the World Anti‐Doping Agency, we developed a certified reference material (CRM) for 3β,4α‐dihydroxy‐5α‐androstan‐17‐one (DHAS), a metabolite of formestane that is used to conceal prohibited anabolic steroids, in methanol solution (NMIJ CRM 6212‐a). To develop a CRM traceable to the International System of Units (SI), we newly applied different analytical methods with an SI‐traceable internal standard for quantitative NMR (qNMR) instead of mass balance approach because this CRM solution was required to develop rapidly using a limited amount of high‐purity DHAS. One method was gravimetric blending using the purity of DHAS powder evaluated by both qNMR and a combination of qNMR and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the other was direct quantification of the DHAS mass fraction in the candidate solution CRM by both qNMR and qNMR/HPLC. Because the values obtained by gravimetric blending and direct quantification of the mass fraction were comparable, the arithmetic mean was applied to obtain the certified value. Considering homogeneity and stability according to ISO Guide 35: 2017, the certified values with expanded uncertainties (coverage factor k = 2, approximate 95% confidence interval) were (135.2 ± 9.5) μg/g for the mass fraction and (107.0 ± 7.5) μg/ml for the mass concentration.
Trade‐offs among management objectives in mature Douglas‐fir forests of the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Williams Neil G. , Powers Matthew D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMature conifer‐dominated forests are an important component of the Pacific Northwest landscape, and the conservation of species associated with late‐successional forests has been a primary management focus in these forests for decades. Increasingly, these forests are also valued as carbon stores, with considerable climate change mitigation potential. However, there are also increasing concerns about the effects of climate change, particularly drought, on late‐successional forests. Despite the complexity of balancing these diverse management concerns, few studies have examined the compatibility of biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, and drought adaptation. We used a spatially and temporally synchronous empirical dataset from mature Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands representing three alternative management strategies, passive management (“unmanaged”), thinning, and retention harvest, to examine trade‐offs among management objectives related to drought adaptation, carbon storage, and the conservation of early‐successional and late‐successional forest songbirds. Although previous studies have evaluated drought adaptation in Douglas‐fir, none have focused on mature stands. Therefore, we also examined tree resistance and resilience to the 2001 drought. Trees in retention harvest stands displayed significantly higher drought resistance and resilience than trees in thinned or unmanaged stands, but no differences were observed between trees in the latter two management conditions, potentially due to the long (average of 22 years) period between treatment and drought in our thinned stands. Despite this, thinned stands provided a better multiobjective compromise than unmanaged or retention harvest stands in our trade‐off analysis. Across all mature stands, trade‐offs were largest for objective combinations that involved early‐ or late‐successional forest birds. While our analysis supports the consistency of managing late‐successional forest birds and carbon storage, trade‐offs between early‐successional birds and carbon storage were much larger. Given projected changes in climate, the substantial trade‐offs that we observed between drought adaptation and late‐successional forest birds are notable and imply that achieving these two objectives will be challenging at the stand scale. Our results suggest that a diversity of management approaches, incorporating both active management and reserve‐based strategies, may be necessary to foster a combination of drought adaptation, carbon storage, and biodiversity conservation goals in these forests.
A comprehensive framework for vegetation succession
Authors: Poorter Lourens , van der Sande Masha T. , Amissah Lucy , Bongers Frans , Hordijk Iris , Kok Jazz , Laurance Susan G. W. , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel , Matsuo Tomonari , Meave Jorge A. , Muñoz Rodrigo , Peña‐Claros Marielos , van Breugel Michiel , Herault Bruno , Jakovac Catarina C. , Lebrija‐Trejos Edwin , Norden Natalia , Lohbeck Madelon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSuccession is defined as a directional change in species populations, the community, and the ecosystem at a site following a disturbance. Succession is a fundamental concept in ecology as it links different disciplines. An improved understanding of succession is urgently needed in the Anthropocene to predict the widespread effects of global change on succession and ecosystem recovery, but a comprehensive successional framework (CSF) is lacking. A CSF is needed to synthesize results, draw generalizations, advance successional theory, and make improved decisions for ecosystem restoration. We first show that succession is an integral part of socio‐ecological system dynamics and that it is driven by social and ecological factors operating at different spatial scales, ranging from the patch to the globe. We then present a CSF at the local scale (patch and landscape) at which succession takes place and explain the underlying successional processes and mechanisms operating at that scale. The CSF reflects the increasingly broader perspective on succession and includes recent theoretical advances by not only focusing on species replacement but also on ecosystem development, considering succession as part of a socio‐ecological system, and taking the effect of past and current land use, the landscape context, biotic interactions, and feedback loops into account. We discuss how the CSF can be used to integrate and synthesize successional studies, and its implications for ecosystem restoration.
Notes from the past show how local variability can stymie urchins and the rise of the reds in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Byrnes Jarrett E. K. , Brown Andrea , Sheridan Kate , Peller Tianna , Lawlor Jake , Beaulieu Julien , Muñoz Jenny , Hesketh Amelia , Pereira Alexis , Knight Nicole S. , Super Laura , Bledsoe Ellen K. , Burant Joseph B. , Dijkstra Jennifer A. , Benes Kylla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe impacts of global change—from shifts in climate to overfishing to land use change—can depend heavily on local abiotic context. Building an understanding of how to downscale global change scenarios to local impacts is often difficult, however, and requires historical data across large gradients of variability. Such data are often not available—particularly in peer reviewed or gray literature. However, these data can sometimes be gleaned from casual records of natural history—field notebooks, data sheet marginalia, course notes, and more. Here, we provide an example of one such approach for the Gulf of Maine, as we seek to understand how environmental context can influence local outcomes of region‐wide shifts in subtidal community structure. We explore a decade of hand‐drawn algal cover maps around Appledore Island made by Dr. Art Borror while teaching at the Shoals Marine Lab. Appledore's steep wave exposure gradient—from exposed to the open ocean to fully protected—provides a living laboratory to test interactions between global change and local conditions. We then recreate Borror's methods two and a half decades later. We show that overfishing‐driven urchin outbreaks in the 1980s were slowed or stopped by wave exposure and benthic topography. Similarly, local variation appears to have curtailed current invasions by filamentous red algae. Last, some formerly dominant kelps have disappeared over the past 40 years—an observation verified by subtidal surveys. Global change is altering life in the seas around us. While underutilized, solid natural history observations stand as a key resource for us to begin to understand how global change will translate to the heterogeneous mosaic of life in a future Gulf of Maine and other ecosystems around the world.
Hunting habits die hard: Conserved prey preferences in army ants across two distant neotropical rainforests
Authors: Hoenle Philipp O. , Merkel Christoph , Donoso David A. , Argoti Adriana A. , Blüthgen Nico , von Beeren Christoph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArmy ants are widely recognized as keystone species in neotropical rainforests due to their role as important arthropod predators. Their large‐scale raids involve thousands of workers scouring the forest floor in pursuit of prey, primarily capturing other invertebrates. Up to 20 species of army ants coexist in a rainforest, and dietary niche differentiation has been proposed as a mechanism to alleviate competition among them. Based on only a handful of study sites, however, our understanding of the precise dietary preferences and the extent of niche differentiation remains notably limited. In this study, we aimed to expand our knowledge of army ant communities by resolving an Ecuadorian predation network consisting of 244 prey species and 13 army ant species representing the five known neotropical army ant genera: Cheliomyrmex, Eciton, Labidus, Neivamyrmex, and Nomamyrmex. We collected 2156 prey items from 180 army ant raids/emigrations, and of these, we identified 1945 prey items to the family level, 1313 to the genus level, and 664 to the species level based on morphological identifications and DNA barcodes. Prey consisted primarily of other ants (1843 prey items; 153 ant species), to the largest part ant brood (N = 1726). Hence, most army ant species chiefly plundered the nests of other ants, while the three swarm raiding species, that is, Lab. praedator, Lab. spininodis, and Ec. burchellii, exhibited a relatively high proportion of non‐ant invertebrate prey in their diet. The predation network showed a high degree of specialization (H2′ = 0.65), characterized by little dietary niche overlap among sympatric species. We compared the Ecuadorian network with one previously studied in Costa Rica and found that, despite the large geographic distance, prey preferences remained remarkably similar. We discovered species‐specific preferences for captured ant genera and species, despite some species turnover in both army ants and prey. Additionally, army ants also exhibited consistent spatiotemporal raiding preferences across study sites. In conclusion, predation preferences within army ant communities exhibited consistency in multiple niche dimensions across two distant neotropical rainforests, suggesting a notable level of predictability within army ant predation networks.