bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What drives home bias? Evidence from fund managers' views
Authors: Lütje Torben , Menkhoff Lukas 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA new survey of fund managers reveals home bias for these sophisticated investors in a setting being unrestricted by customer preferences or legal requirements. We confirm informational and behavioural determinants of home bias and find them to hold simultaneously. Further examinations of potential characteristics of home biased fund managers show that the perceived informational advantage does not need to be valid. Multivariate analyses indicate home bias being related to relative return optimism, overconfidence, higher age, lower bonus and less experience. Therefore, behavioural determinants contribute usefully towards an explanation of the home bias puzzle. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective cell proliferation can be controlled with CPC particle coatings
Authors: Szivek J.A. , Margolis D.S. , Schnepp A.B. , Grana W.A. , Williams S.K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTo develop implantable, engineered, cartilage constructs supported by a scaffold, techniques to encourage rapid tissue growth into, and on the scaffold are essential. Preliminary studies indicated that human endothelial cells proliferated at different rates on different calcium phosphate ceramic (CPC) particles. Judicious selection of particles may encourage specific cell proliferation, leading to an ordered growth of tissues for angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis. The goal of this study was to identify CPC surfaces that encourage bone and vascular cell growth, and other surfaces that support chondrocyte growth while inhibiting proliferation of vascular cells. Differences in bone and vascular cell proliferation were observed when using epoxy without embedded CPCs to encourage bone cells, and when three CPCs were tested, which encouraged vascular cell proliferation. One of these (CPC 7) also substantially depressed cartilage cell proliferation. Only one small‐diameter crystalline CPC (CPC 2) supported rapid chondrocyte proliferation, and maintained the cartilage cell phenotype. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Hemocompatibility of high strength oxide ceramic materials: An in vitro study
Authors: Fischer Horst , Luk Maria , Oedekoven Bernward , Telle Rainer , Mottaghy Khosrow 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHigh strength oxide ceramic materials like alumina and zirconia are frequently used for artificial joints because of their biocompatibility and high wear resistance. Their suitability as materials for implants and biomedical devices with direct blood contact, such as cardiovascular implants or components for blood pumps and dialyzers, has not been confirmed to date. The objective of this study was to investigate whether oxide ceramics show sufficient hemocompatibility. Dense specimens were made out of alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, and aluminum titanate. Polyvinylchloride and silicone were additionally tested as reference materials. Interactions of human blood with the surfaces were studied by investigating partial thromboplastin time (PTT), thrombin antithrombin III complex (TAT), free plasma hemoglobin concentration, complete blood count, complement factor 5a, and protein adsorption. The results from the PTT and TAT tests clearly indicated higher blood activation by the ceramic materials when compared to the two polymer materials. However, alumina and zirconia showed lower C5a concentrations and less protein adsorption than the reference materials. Our results revealed that oxide ceramic materials alone cannot be used for implants in direct blood contact without modification of the ceramic surface, for example, by made‐to‐measure inert nanocoatings. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
On the molecular electron structure of three phosphinine‐containing macrocycles
Authors: Ferro V. R. , López R. , Omar S. , De La Vega J. M. García 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA broad set of structural models and theoretical methods has been successfully used for studying both the molecular electron structure of the silacalix[3]phosphinine and the changes of the macrocycle core under the conditions that frequently correspond to its complexes with metals. The macrocycle core of the silacalix[3]phosphinine and its neutral derivatives are strongly deviated from the main molecular plane. The phosphorous electron lone pairs and the π‐cloud of the phosphinine units give the main contribution to the electron valence structure in the silacalix[3]phosphinine and also in its both oxidized and reduced derivatives. Although the electron lone pairs of the P atoms tend to be strongly repulsive, they are either totally or partially extended above all the fragment of the phosphorous atoms depending on geometrical factors or even strongly coupled with the π‐cloud of the phosphinine units. Electronic processes that take away part of the electron density from the macrocyle favor both its planar configuration and the asymmetric distribution of the valence electrons in the silacalix[3]phosphinine and its derivatives. The limit condition to this effect is the appearance of a new in‐plane σ molecular orbital between the P atoms of two neighboring phosphinine units. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Castration of male C57L/J mice increases susceptibility and estrogen treatment restores resistance to Theiler's virus‐induced demyelinating disease
Authors: Fuller Alyson , Yahikozawa Hiroyuki , So Eui Young , Dal Canto Mauro , Koh Chang‐Sung , Welsh C. Jane , Kim Byung S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIntracerebral inoculation of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) results in immune‐mediated demyelination in selective mouse strains. We have previously demonstrated that the males of C57L mice are significantly more susceptible to TMEV‐induced demyelinating disease. To assess further the hormonal influence for this gender‐associated differential susceptibility, estrogen‐treated, castrated C57L mice were infected with TMEV and compared with sham‐operated and/or placebo‐treated mice. Interestingly, castration further elevated the susceptibility to virally induced demyelinating disease compared with sham‐castrated control mice, and prolonged treatment of castrated mice with estrogen restored the resistance to the level of control mice. These results strongly suggest that sex hormone levels contribute to the gender‐biased susceptibility to TMEV‐induced demyelinating disease. Mice treated with estrogen showed a significantly decreased level of virus‐specific Th1 responses both in the periphery and in the CNS. In addition, in vitro estrogen treatment was able to inhibit viral replication directly in macrophages, consistent with the lower level of viral RNA in microglia/macrophages in the CNS from castrated estrogen‐treated mice compared with controls. Also, estrogen treatment inhibited VCAM‐1 expression induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α in cerebral vascular endothelial (CVE) cells via inhibition of nuclear factor‐κB (NFκB), which is produced in various glial cells upon TMEV infection. Overall, estrogen treatment appears to exert its effects on viral replication, induction of immune responses, as well as infiltration of activated immune cells into the CNS via inhibition of NFκB function. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serine phosphorylation by casein kinase II controls endocytic L1 trafficking and axon growth
Authors: Nakata Asuka , Kamiguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe cell adhesion molecule L1 plays crucial roles in axon tract development. In vitro, L1 presented as a culture substrate stimulates axon elongation by binding to L1 expressed on the growth cone. In migrating growth cones, L1 is endocytosed via the AP‐2/clathrin‐mediated pathway at the central domain, followed by anterograde vesicular transport and recycling to the plasma membrane of the leading front. It has previously been shown that this endocytic trafficking of L1 is critical for axon elongation (Kamiguchi and Yoshihara [2001] J. Neurosci. 21:9194–9203). Adjacent to the AP‐2 recognition site, the L1 cytoplasmic domain has a cluster of acidic amino acids containing Ser1181 that can be phosphorylated by casein kinase II (CKII; Wong et al. [1996a] J. Neurochem. 66:779–786). In this paper, we demonstrate that Ser1181 phosphorylation by CKII is implicated in both normal endocytic trafficking of L1 and L1‐stimulated axon growth. Whereas L1 is sorted into transferrin‐positive endosomes after endocytosis, pharmacological inhibition of CKII caused some population of L1 to be internalized into transferrin‐negative compartments. Single‐amino‐acid mutations at Ser1181, which either prevent or mimic phosphorylation by CKII, caused similar missorting of internalized L1. Furthermore, dorsal root ganglion neurons that had been treated with a CKII inhibitor or transfected with the L1 mutants showed impaired ability to extend axons on an L1 substrate but not on other control substrates. These results demonstrate the novel role of CKII in L1‐mediated axon elongation and stress the importance of functional linkage between L1 phosphorylation and L1 trafficking in migrating growth cones. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glutamate decarboxylase protects neurons against excitotoxic injury
Authors: Matthews Christopher C. , Zielke H. Ronald , Fishman Paul S. , Remington Mary P. , Bowen Thomas G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough the majority of agents with antiexcitotoxic action act as glutamate receptor antagonists, enzymatic degradation of glutamate can also be neuroprotective. The very low specific activity of the mammalian form of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) from glutamate in neurons, is likely to limit its utility as an antiglutamate neuroprotectant. In contrast, the bacterial form of GAD can be isolated with relatively high specific activity and is most active in acidic environments. We have expressed and purified GAD from Escherichia coli (bGAD) and tested the ability of the enzyme to protect against glutamate excitotoxicity. Incubation of rat hipppocampal slices with the potassium channel antagonist tetraethyl ammonium (TEA) resulted in widespread excitotoxic death of pyramidal and granule cell neurons. bGAD alone showed no significant neurotoxicity and significantly reduced excitotoxicity induced by TEA. We hypothesize that bGAD may be internalized into the synaptic vesicle compartment by nonspecific endocytosis, where both the appropriate pH and high glutamate concentrations are present. Targeting of this enzyme to the interior of synaptic vesicles may enhance its potency as a neuroprotectant against excitotoxicity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic study and UV–Vis spectra of 1:2 complexation of free base para‐substituted meso‐tetraphenylporphyrins with trimethylsilyl chloride
Authors: Safavi Afsaneh , Movahedi Zarangiz , Mohajer Daryoush , Abdollahi Hamid 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe UV–Vis spectra for 1:2 complexation of four different para‐substituted meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin (H2t(4‐X)pp) and meso‐tetraphenylporphyrins (H2tpp) with trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSC) displayed large and different redshifts (28–32.4 nm) of Soret and (15–41.7 nm) Q(0‐0) bands, whereas 1:2 complexation of the less flexible tetramesitylporphyrin (H2tmp) with TMSC led to rather small redshift (24.8 nm) of the Soret band and blueshift (−7.4 nm) of the Q(0‐0) band. The varying spectral behavior for the porphyrins complexation seems to essentially reflect the different extent of π‐interactions between the meso‐aryl groups and the presumably saddled porphyrin macrocycle, through their relative coplanarity. The observed order of the rate constants for the complexation of various para‐substituted porphyrins, H2t(4‐OCH3)pp (9.27 ± 0.03) × 10−3 > H2t(4‐CH3)pp (6.68 ± 0.05) × 10−3 > H2tpp (3.2 ± 0.05) × 10−3 > H2t(4‐Cl)pp (8.36 ± 0.06) × 10−4, clearly demonstrated a higher reaction rate for the porphyrins containing para‐substituents with stronger electron donor ability. The calculated order for porphyrins (0.9 ± 0.1) and for TMSC (1.0 ± 0.1) suggests rate = K[Por][TMSC] for the complexation. Attempts were made to explain the absence of spectral evidence for the presence of an intermediate 1:1 (TMSC) Por adduct in terms of its high reactivity and/or relative instability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 231–235, 2007
Reduction of large detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms for autoignition using joint analyses of reaction rates and sensitivities
Authors: Saylam A. , Ribaucour M. , Pitz W. J. , Minetti R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis study describes a new technique of reduction of detailed mechanisms for autoignition. It is based on two analysis methods. An analysis of reaction rates is coupled to an analysis of reaction sensitivity for the detection of redundant reactions. Thresholds associated with the two analyses have a great influence on the size and efficiency of the reduced mechanism. Rules of selection of the thresholds are defined. The reduction technique has been successfully applied to detailed autoignition mechanisms of two reference hydrocarbons: n‐heptane and isooctane. The efficiency of the technique and the ability of the reduced mechanisms to reproduce well the results generated by the full mechanism are discussed. A speedup of calculations by a factor of 5.9 for n‐heptane mechanism and by a factor of 16.7 for isooctane mechanism is obtained without losing accuracy of the prediction of autoignition delay times and concentrations of intermediate species. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 181–196, 2007
Oxidation of vanillin by diperiodatocuprate(III) in aqueous alkaline medium: A kinetic and mechanistic study by stopped flow technique
Authors: Hiremath D. C. , Kiran T. S. , Nandibewoor S. T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidation of vanillin (VAN) by diperiodatocuprate(III) (DPC) in alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength of 0.50 mol dm−3 was studied spectrophotometrically. The reaction between DPC and vanillin in alkaline medium exhibits 1:2 stoichiometry (vanillin: DPC). The reaction is of first order in [DPC] and has less than unit order in both [VAN] and [alkali]. Intervention of free radicals was observed in the reaction. Increase in periodate concentration decreases the rate. The oxidation reaction in alkaline medium has been shown to proceed via a monoperiodatocuprate(III)–vanillin complex, which decomposes slowly in a rate‐determining step followed by other fast steps to give the products. The main products were identified by spot test, IR, and MS studies. The reaction constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism are calculated. The activation parameters with respect to slow step of the mechanism are computed and discussed, and thermodynamic quantities are also determined. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 236–244, 2007
Equine zona protein synthesis and ZP structure during folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and embryogenesis
Authors: Kölle Sabine , Dubois Clotilde S. , Caillaud Maud , Lahuec Cécile , Sinowatz Fred , Goudet Ghylène 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn the equine, the zona pellucida (ZP) is the major barrier to successful in vitro fertilization. Therefore the aim of our studies was to analyze species‐specific features of the equine ZP in regard to structure and glycoprotein ZPB and ZPC expression sites during oocyte development and embryogenesis. The equine ZP revealed high immunological cross‐reactivity to porcine ZPB and ZPC. In the ovary, the distribution of ZPB and ZPC was co‐localized and correlated with the developmental stage of the follicle. ZPB and ZPC expression started in the oocyte of the late primordial and primary follicle. In the secondary follicle, both the oocyte and the cumulus cells contributed to ZPB and ZPC synthesis. After in vivo maturation the oocyte stopped ZPB and ZPC production whereas the cumulus cells continued synthesis. Contrary, in vitro matured (IVM) cumulus‐oocyte‐complexes (COCs) revealed a reverse expression pattern. This was correlated to alterations in the distribution, number, and size of pores in the ZP. In the zona, N‐acetylglucosamine residues were co‐localized with ZPC. The acellular glycoprotein capsule surrounding early equine embryos was negative for ZPB and ZPC. Our results imply that in the horse ZPB and ZPC glycoprotein expression is differentially regulated during folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and embryogenesis. Contrary to the bovine and porcine, zona protein synthesis during in vivo maturation is completely overtaken by the cumulus cells implying that in the horse these cells are crucial for zona integrity. During IVM, the cumulus cells lose their ability to synthesize glycoproteins leading to alterations in the zona structure. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 851–859, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variable‐node elements for non‐matching meshes by means of MLS (moving least‐square) scheme
Authors: Lim Jae Hyuk , Im Seyoung , Cho Young‐Sam 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA new class of finite elements is described for dealing with non‐matching meshes, for which the existing finite elements are hardly efficient. The approach is to employ the moving least‐square (MLS) scheme to devise a class of elements with an arbitrary number of nodal points on the parental domain. This approach generally leads to elements with the rational shape functions, which significantly extends the function space of the conventional finite element method. With a special choice of the nodal points and the base functions, the method results in useful elements with the polynomial shape functions for which the C1 continuity breaks down across the boundaries between the subdomains comprising one element. The present scheme possesses an extremely high potential for applications which deal with various problems with discontinuities, such as material inhomogeneity, crack propagation, phase transition and contact mechanics. The effectiveness of the new elements for handling the discontinuities due to non‐matching interfaces is demonstrated using appropriate examples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes in childhood AML in the absence of transplantation in first remission—Children's Cancer Group (CCG) studies 2891 and CCG 213
Authors: Castellino Sharon M. , Alonzo Todd A. , Buxton Allen , Gold Stuart , Lange Beverly J. , Woods William G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients lack a matched‐related bone marrow transplant (BMT) donor in first remission.ProcedureDisease‐free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS), and post‐relapse outcome were evaluated for children with de novo AML on CCG 213 and the standard timing (ST) and intensive timing (IT) induction arms of CCG 2891 who were randomized to (intent‐to‐treat, ITT) or who received (as‐treated, AT) only chemotherapy intensification.ResultsOutcomes at 8 years post‐induction in ITT analysis of chemotherapy intensification were as follows: 31% DFS, 43% OS on CCG 213; 34% DFS, 51% OS on CCG 2891 ST; 48% DFS, 56% OS on CCG 2891 IT. All toxic deaths during and following Capizzi II chemotherapy intensification on both protocols were in patients >3 years of age (P ≤ 0.001). Black race was a significant poor prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.008, hazard ratio: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.15–2.61). Overall 48% of patients on both trials relapsed and 19.1% of patients who relapsed on these trials survived. CR1 >12 months portends a much better OS for patients who relapse. Post‐relapse treatment included BMT in 47% of patients.ConclusionsOS on CCG 2891 was superior to CCG 213 but equivalent between ST and IT arms due to better salvage rates post‐relapse in ST patients. Overall survival for childhood AML in the absence of BMT in CR1 is influenced by duration of CR1 and by race. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:9–16. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of ethylene oxide gas house explosion
Authors: Woodward John L. , Wesevich James W. , Thomas J. Kelly , Baker Quentin A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn explosion destroyed a small “Gas House” in which aerosol cans were being filled with ethylene oxide on June 24, 1997. At issue was whether the ignition occurred in the Gas House or from a remote catalytic converter. Our investigation of the pattern of blast damage supports ignition at the catalytic converter that generated a burn‐back through the ducting. A strong jet ignition reached a flammable atmosphere in the Gas House and ignited an explosion that well exceeded the yield strength of the prefabricated metal Gas House in spite of the vent panels and access doors being released and discharging of the fire suppression system. One of the doors from the Gas House flew off of the building as hazardous debris, which impacted and catastrophically failed a second door located in an adjoining occupied building. This resulted in the only fatality associated with this event. This study illustrates the damage patterns that indicate the direction of the initial explosion wave. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007.
Improvement methods in U.K. and Mexican construction industries: a comparison
Authors: Hernandez David Joaquin Delgado , Aspinwall Elaine 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe application of improvement methods in the manufacturing industry has proven to be a valuable feature of continuous improvement activities. To establish whether the same is true in the construction sector, a survey was conducted to assess the current level of use and the perceived importance of such methods in both the U.K. and in Mexico. Following a broad review of the literature, various improvement tools, techniques and methods were recognized and grouped using affinity diagrams. A questionnaire was designed to collect the information and served as a basis for comparison. The results of the survey showed that, in terms of use, computer networks, laws and regulations, teams and teamwork, inspection and planning software were common practice in the U.K. while computer networks, customer satisfaction surveys, design software, Gantt charts and laws and regulations were commonly used in Mexico. A similar set of methods were perceived as highly important except that inspection and planning software were replaced by customer satisfaction surveys and customer complaints, respectively, in the case of the U.K. companies and Gantt charts by inspection in the case of Mexico. When comparing the mean use and the mean perceived importance for each method in both countries, significant differences were found mainly in the use of those for gathering and organizing customer needs, those aimed at planning and controlling quality and those for technology. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ion‐pairing liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of cytarabine in mouse plasma
Authors: Hsieh Yunsheng , Duncan Christine J. G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn ion‐pairing high‐performance liquid chromatographic (IP‐HPLC) system interfaced with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source and a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) with minimal sample preparation was developed for the determination of cytarabine (ara‐C), a very hydrophilic anticancer drug, in mouse plasma. A conventional reversed‐phase chromatographic column in combination with two ion‐pairing reagents was adapted for retention and separation of ara‐C from the endogenous interferences in mouse plasma. The effects of the experimental conditions such as the fraction of ion‐pairing reagents and organic solvents in the mobile phase on the chromatographic performance and the ionization efficiency of ara‐C were investigated. The potential of ionization suppression resulting from the endogenous biological materials on the IP‐HPLC/MS/MS method was evaluated using the post‐column infusion technique. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed IP‐HPLC/MS/MS procedure for analysis of ara‐C in the mouse plasma was demonstrated by comparison with those obtained by the porous graphite carbon column (PGC) HPLC/MS/MS method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.