bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Regulation of the Respiratory Genes in the CyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803 during the Early Response to Glucose Feeding
Authors: Lee Sanghyeob , Ryu Jee-Youn , Kim Soo Youn , Jeon Jae-Heung , Song Ji Young , Cho Hyung-Taeg , Choi Sang-Bong , Choi Doil , de Marsac Nicole Tandeau , Park Youn-Il 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe coordinated expression of the genes involved in respiration in the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 during the early period of glucose (Glc) treatment is poorly understood. When photoautotrophically grown cells were supplemented with 10 mm Glc in the light or after a dark adaptation period of 14 h, significant increases in the respiratory activity, as determined by NAD(P)H turnover, respiratory O2 uptake rate, and cytosolic alkalization, were observed. At the same time, the transcript levels of 18 genes coding for enzymes associated with respiration increased with differential induction kinetics; these genes were classified into three groups based on their half-rising times. Transcript levels of the four genes gpi, zwf, pdhB, and atpB started to increase along with a net increase in NAD(P)H, while the onset of net NAD(P)H consumption coincided with an increase in those of the genes tktA, ppc, pdhD, icd, ndhD2, ndbA, ctaD1, cydA, and atpE. In contrast, the expression of the atpI/G/D/A/C genes coding for ATP synthase subunits was the slowest among respiratory genes and their expression started to accumulate only after the establishment of cytosolic alkalization. These differential effects of Glc on the transcript levels of respiratory genes were not observed by inactivation of the genes encoding the Glc transporter or glucokinase. In addition, several Glc analogs could not mimic the effects of Glc. Our findings suggest that genes encoding some enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately regulated at the transcriptional level during the switch of nutritional mode.
Phytochrome Induces Rapid PIF5 Phosphorylation and Degradation in Response to Red-Light Activation
Authors: Shen Yu , Khanna Rajnish , Carle Christine M. , Quail Peter H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe phytochrome (phy) family of sensory photoreceptors (phyA–phyE in Arabidopsis thaliana) induces changes in target-gene expression upon light-induced translocation to the nucleus, where certain members interact with selected members of the constitutively nuclear basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family, such as PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3). Previous evidence indicates that the binding of the photoactivated photoreceptor molecule to PIF3 induces rapid phosphorylation of the transcription factor in the cell prior to its degradation via the ubiqitin-proteosome system. To investigate whether this apparent primary signaling mechanism can be generalized to other phy-interacting partners, we have examined the molecular behavior of a second related phy-interacting member of the basic helix-loop-helix family, PIF5, during early deetiolation, immediately following initial exposure of dark-grown seedlings to light. The data show that red light induces very rapid phosphorylation and subsequent degradation (t 1/2 &lt; 5 min) of PIF5 via the proteosome system upon irradiation. Photobiological and genetic evidence indicates that the photoactivated phy molecule acts within 60 s to induce this phosphorylation of PIF5, and that phyA and phyB redundantly dominate this process, with phyD playing an apparently minor role. Collectively, the data support the proposal that the rapid phy-induced phosphorylation of PIF3 and PIF5 may represent the biochemical mechanism of primary signal transfer from photoactivated photoreceptor to binding partner, and that phyA and phyB (and possibly phyD) may signal to multiple, shared partners utilizing this common mechanism.
Distinct Functions for the Two PsbP-Like Proteins PPL1 and PPL2 in the Chloroplast Thylakoid Lumen of Arabidopsis
Authors: Ishihara Seiko , Takabayashi Atsushi , Ido Kunio , Endo Tsuyoshi , Ifuku Kentaro , Sato Fumihiko 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPsbP, an extrinsic subunit of photosystem II (PSII), is a nuclear-encoded protein that optimizes the water-splitting reaction in vivo. In addition to PsbP, higher plants have two nuclear-encoded genes for PsbP homologs (PsbP-like proteins [PPLs]) that show significant sequence similarity to a cyanobacterial PsbP homolog (cyanoP); however, the function of PPLs in higher plants has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking either of two PPLs, PPL1 and PPL2. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that PPL1 would be an ortholog of cyanoP, and PPL2 and PsbP may have a paralogous relationship with PPL1. Analysis on mRNA expression profiles showed that PPL1 expressed under stress conditions and PPL2 coexpressed with the subunits of chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex. Consistent with these suggestions, PSII activity in a ppl1 mutant was more sensitive to high-intensity light than wild type, and the recovery of photoinhibited PSII activity was delayed in ppl1 plants. Therefore, PPL1 is required for efficient repair of photodamaged PSII. Furthermore, the stoichiometric level and activity of the chloroplast NDH complex in thylakoids were severely decreased in a ppl2 mutant, demonstrating that PPL2 is a novel thylakoid lumenal factor required for accumulation of the chloroplast NDH complex. These results suggest that during endosymbiosis and subsequent gene transfer to the host nucleus, cyanoP from ancient cyanobacteria evolved into PPL1, PPL2, and PsbP, and each of them has a distinct role in photosynthetic electron transfer in Arabidopsis.
Organised complexity, meaning and understanding
Authors: Bawden David 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to outline an approach to a unified framework for understanding the concept of “information” in the physical, biological and human domains, and to see what links and interactions may be found between them. It also aims to re‐examine the information science discipline, with a view to locating it in a larger context, so as to reflect on the possibility that information science may not only draw from these other disciplines, but that its insights may contribute to them.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of an extensive literature review and analysis, loosely based on the approaches of Stonier, Madden and Bates, and including analysis of both scientific and library/information literature.FindingsThe paper identifies the concept of information as being identified with organised complexity in the physical domain, with meaning in context in the biological domain, and with Kvanvig's concept of understanding in the human domain. The linking thread is laws of emergent self‐organised complexity, applicable in all domains. Argues that a unified perspective for the information sciences, based on Popperian ontology, may be derived, with the possibility of not merely drawing insights from physical and biological science, but also of contributing to them. Based on Hirst's educational philosophy, derives a definition for the information sciences around two poles: information science and library/information management.Originality/valueThis is the only paper to approach the subject in this way.
Parallel methods for the update of partitioned inverted files
Authors: MacFarlane A. , McCann J.A. , Robertson S.E. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeAn issue that tends to be ignored in information retrieval is the issue of updating inverted files. This is largely because inverted files were devised to provide fast query service, and much work has been done with the emphasis strongly on queries. This paper aims to study the effect of using parallel methods for the update of inverted files in order to reduce costs, by looking at two types of partitioning for inverted files: document identifier and term identifier.Design/methodology/approachRaw update service and update with query service are studied with these partitioning schemes using an incremental update strategy. The paper uses standard measures used in parallel computing such as speedup to examine the computing results and also the costs of reorganising indexes while servicing transactions.FindingsEmpirical results show that for both transaction processing and index reorganisation the document identifier method is superior. However, there is evidence that the term identifier partitioning method could be useful in a concurrent transaction processing context.Practical implicationsThere is an increasing need to service updates, which is now becoming a requirement of inverted files (for dynamic collections such as the web), demonstrating that a shift in requirements of inverted file maintenance is needed from the past.Originality/valueThe paper is of value to database administrators who manage large‐scale and dynamic text collections, and who need to use parallel computing to implement their text retrieval services.
Information history: its importance, relevance and future
Authors: Weller Toni 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the emergent field of information history (IH) and to move towards a definition of IH. Some of the more traditional historical approaches to information science are challenged in their claims to be information history.Design/methodology/approachThe historiography of the field is discussed, and an analysis of the continuing development of IH is explored.FindingsIH is a field that has been attracting increasing attention in recent years from historians and information scientists alike. Although still a relatively young area, this paper argues that IH has the potential to develop into a highly relevant and dynamic field of research. The paper concludes with a look at the future for this area of research, with some suggestions as to how IH needs to develop in order to gain the credence and recognition it deserves.Originality/valueThis paper attempts to augment the debate on IH and to encourage a broader recognition of this young and dynamic field within LIS.
Of the rich and the poor and other curious minds: on open access and “development”
Authors: Haider Jutta 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to reconsider open access and its relation to issues of “development” by highlighting the ties the open access movement has with the hegemonic discourse of development and to question some of the assumptions about science and scientific communication upon which the open access debates are based. The paper also aims to bring out the conflict arising from the convergence of the hegemonic discourses of science and development with the contemporary discourse of openness.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a critical reading of a range of published work on open access and the so‐called “developing world” as well as of various open access declarations. The argument is supported by insights from post‐development studies.FindingsOpen access is presented as an issue of moral concern beyond the narrow scope of scholarly communication. Claims are made based on hegemonic discourses that are positioned as a priori and universal. The construction of open access as an issue of unquestionable moral necessity also impedes the problematisation of its own heritage.Originality/valueThis paper is intended to open up the view for open access's less obvious alliances and conflicting discursive ties and thus to initiate a politisation, which is necessary in order to further the debate in a more fruitful way.
Inhibition performance and adsorption behaviour of dodecylamine on N80 steel in CO2‐saturated brine solution
Authors: Zhaoling Lu , Chaoyang Fu , Xingpeng Guo 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to investigate the different inhibition performance and adsorption behaviour of dodecylamine in acidic and neutral environments and to understand further the inhibition mechanism of dodecylamine in CO2‐saturated brine solution.Design/methodology/approachThe inhibition performance and adsorption behaviour of dodecylamine on N80 steel in CO2‐saturated brine solution in acidic and neutral environments were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.FindingsCorrosion potentials exhibited a pronounced shift in the positive direction at higher concentrations of dodecylamine. The inhibition efficiency of dodecylamine was shown to be pH‐dependent. The effective inhibition concentration of dodecylamine decreased from pH 4.9 to 7.4. In a neutral environment, the inhibitor was shown to affect the deposition of the corrosion products and provide more active sites to bond with the inhibitor. More alkaline environments made the electron cloud density of dodecylamine much higher, which was more favourable to the interaction of dodecylamine and the naked metal base, and hence dodecylamine had a much better inhibition performance in a neutral environment than in acidic environments.Originality/valueThis paper provides information regarding the inhibition performance and adsorption behaviour of dodecylamine on N80 steel and probes the inhibition mechanism of dodecylamine in acidic and neutral environments. The results of the work contribute to an understanding of the inhibition mechanism of the inhibitor in different environments, which will be useful for effective design and choice of inhibitors in CO2 corrosion.
Turning to the problem is the answer to the question of how you can learn faster than others: applying PBL at work
Authors: Yeo Roland K. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to explore the role of problem‐based learning (PBL) in workplace settings. It seeks to discuss the principles of PBL in relation to individual and group learning, and to propose possible applications that can be incorporated into the workplace.Design/methodology/approachData were collected in Singapore through two sample groups: ten PBL specialists who had direct experience in workplace applications and 50 working professionals who had some direct or indirect experience in PBL. Convergent interviewing and open‐ended survey questions in addition to follow‐up face‐to‐face interviews were used respectively.FindingsPBL can help employees to approach daily problems more confidently. Lessons drawn from problem‐solving activities can enhance the learning capacity of employees through dialogue and reflective inquiry. PBL activities can also help systematize learning patterns that are otherwise developed haphazardly through informal learning.Research limitations/implicationsPBL creates different learning networks by allowing greater learning loops to develop. The desired outcome is the generation of critical organizational knowledge necessary for competition and growth. PBL taps into intra‐organizational processes where a deeper relationship between its applications and workplace learning can be further explored.Practical implicationsThe successful implementation of PBL in workplace settings requires a realistic timeframe, an appropriate reward and recognition system, a strategic positioning of technological infrastructure and an effective communication channel. Managers need to first appreciate the intrinsic value of PBL by supporting learning networks through the adjustment of organizational structures and processes.Originality/valuePBL is more than a useful approach used in educational settings. PBL principles can be strategically applied to workplace environments to promote different learning types. Transfer of individual to team learning can best be achieved through the structured yet spontaneous PBL activities.
What counts as good practice in contemporary apprenticeships?
Authors: Fuller Alison , Unwin Lorna 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to: first, outline the features of the contemporary apprenticeship system, and its performance in terms of the numbers starting and completing programmes; and second, to report the findings of empirical research which sought to identify the characteristics of effective apprenticeship.Design/methodology/approachTwo contrasting sectors were selected to identify aspects of provision that generate “success”: “engineering”, which has a long tradition of apprenticeships and “business administration”, which has a shorter history of involvement. Four organizations, two from each sector, were selected from those, which had gained the highest grade in the formal inspection of apprenticeship provision undertaken by the Adult Learning Inspectorate. Interviews were carried out with training personnel and investigated issues such as the organisation's rationale(s) for employing apprentices; the costs and benefits associated with the approach; the structure of the training and the pedagogical processes employed; and the links between the programme and career progression.FindingsThe findings in the paper indicate that effective apprenticeships are strongly associated with a sustained organisational commitment to apprenticeship. This stems from an identifiable business case to recruit and train young people and a concern with their personal (long‐term) as well as job‐specific (short‐term) development. This approach is manifested through the development of programmes which ensure that apprentices participate in a wide range of co‐ordinated and progressive work and learning opportunities.Originality/valueThe paper identifies a range of good practice features emerging from the case studies and discusses the prospects for extending this approach to other industries and occupations.
Australian employers' strategies to improve the quality of apprentices
Authors: Smith Erica 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine the ways in which Australian companies can achieve high quality apprenticeship and traineeship systems in a time of labour shortage through close attention to the recruitment and development of apprentices and trainees.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on six qualitative case studies in a range of industries and occupational areas, carried out as part of an international project on apprenticeship.FindingsThe paper finds that there are significant differences among companies in the skills and experience that they bring to the processes of recruiting and developing apprentice and trainees. Poor skills appear to lead to poor outcomes in terms of quality of apprentices and trainees while investment of skills and time leads to high quality outcomes that may significantly add value to the company. The effects of shortcomings in this area may be exacerbated in a tight labour market.Research limitationsThe research in this paper is limited by the depth of the case studies which primarily rest on in‐depth interviews with senior managers. The research could be extended by further case studies that include interviews with apprentices and trainees.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that companies employing apprentices and trainees need to be very clear about why they are employing them and the development strategies that will be put in place. The inclusion of off‐the‐job training at a training provider adds a safety net that is particularly important for inexperienced companies.Originality/valueThe value of the paper lies in its use of detailed empirical examples to illustrate successful and less successful ways of managing apprentices and trainees.
Problem situations triggering line pruning in financial services: evidence from the UK
Authors: Argouslidis Paraskevas C. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the problem situations leading financial firms to kick off the elimination decision‐making process for financial products in their line, measure the importance of problem situations, and assess the effects of a set of contextual variables on the above importance.Design/methodology/approachThe study took place in the UK; data were collected through 20 in‐depth interviews with managers of financial firms and a mail survey to a stratified random sample of financial firms, which yielded 112 returns.FindingsEight problem situations are identified and their importance is measured. The results indicate that the importance of problem situations is highly situation‐specific: it varies in relation to the degree of a financial firm's market orientation, the intensity of competition, the austerity of the regulatory environment, and the rhythm of technological change.Research limitations/implicationsFrom a theoretical standpoint, future research on the investigation of the importance of decision variables pertaining to line pruning must always take into consideration the internal and the external context of the firm. From a practical standpoint, this study has important policy implications, since it provides managers with a first picture of the effects of selected contextual forces on the importance of the problem situations triggering line pruning in services settings. The limitations of the study provide useful avenues for future investigation.Originality/valueThis study represents the first attempt to measure the importance of different problem situations triggering line pruning in financial services and relate that importance to a set of contextual variables. As such, it makes a clear theoretical contribution.
Relationship orientation or service quality?
Authors: Camarero Carmen 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe current work aims to analyze the complementary effects of relationship and service‐quality orientations on market and economic performance and their mediating role in the relationship between market orientation and performance.Design/methodology/approachIn order to test the hypotheses proposed, an empirical analysis for financial and insurance companies was conducted.FindingsThe study reveals that market performance relates highly to relationship orientation and service quality as two alternative but complementary strategies, whereas the effect on economic performance is basically indirect through the market performance.Practical implicationsResults suggest that applying relational policies such as preferential treatment, communication and adaptation to customers' needs is critical for customer retention, reducing complaints and conflicts or improving the positioning. Moreover, the firms need to focus on quality service, as a consequence of relationship orientation and another requisite for market performance and, subsequently, economic performance.Originality/valueThis work integrates market orientation philosophy with relationship marketing and service quality as related drivers of the firm's performance. Few empirical works had related these concepts until now in this way.