bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An immunoregulatory factor associated with spleen cells from tumor‐bearing animals.: III. Characterization of the factor's target cells
Authors: Isakov Noah , Hollander Nurit , Segal Shraga , Feldman Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immunoregulatory factor associated with spleen cells from tumor‐bearing mice was found to potentiate the generation of antibody‐producing cells (APC). In an attempt to characterize the target cell of this enhancing factor (EF), its activity in mice devoid of mature T lymphocytes was tested. Levels of anti‐SRBC APC were augmented when EF was injected together with SRBC to nude mice and “B” mice. In addition, EF potentiated the antibody response against the IgM‐inducing T. independent pneumococcal polysaccharide SIII antigen. These results suggest that EF most probably exerts its enhancing influence directly on B lymphocytes. In a different line of experiments adoptive secondary responses were performed. Mice were immunized with SRBC as carrier or with the NIP‐chicken erythrocytes (as a source of NIP‐specific primed B cells) in the presence or absence of EF. Various combinations of spleen cells from the donor immunized mice were transferred in a mixture with NIP‐SRBC to lethally irradiated recipient mice. EF did not exert any potentiation effect on helper function, except when primed B cells were used. In contrast, a clear activation or clone expansion of hapten‐specific B cells was observed. These findings indicate that the enhancing factor from tumor‐bearing animals directly affected the anti‐genie triggering of B lymphocytes and their subsequent proliferation and differentiation to antibody‐producing cells.
Tissue CEA in premalignant epithelial lesions and epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Prognostic significance
Authors: Lindgren J. , Wahlström T. , Seppälä M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was studied by the indirect triple‐bridge immunoperoxidase method in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens from 191 patients with premalignant epithelial lesions or epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated 12 years ago. The frequency of tissue CEA positivity was found to increase with advancing clinical disease in the following manner: mild dysplasia, 25%; severe dysplasia, 37%; carcinoma in situ, 60%; invasive carcinoma stage I, 60%; stage lla, 65%; stage Mb, 80%; and stages III and IV, 69%. The prognostic significance of the tissue CEA positivity was studied in two groups of patients formed on the basis of clinical spread and treatment of the disease. The first group of 60 patients with stage I and Ma cancers had undergone radical surgery. The second group of 44 patients with more advanced carcinomas had been treated by radiotherapy alone. No significant difference in the survival rates was observed in either group between patients with CEA‐positive and CEA‐negative tumours. In the light of the absence of CEA from normal cervical epithelium, the increasing occurrence of CEA from premalignant lesions to advancing malignant growth suggests that CEA reflects an aggressive potential in premalignant lesions. However, the survival data on patients with CEA‐positive and ‐negative invasive carcinomas suggest that CEA‐positive cancers are not more malignant than CEA‐negative cancers.
Cancer morbidity and causes of death among danish brewery workers
Authors: Jensen Ole M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCancer morbidity and causes of death were examined in a retrospective cohort study of 14,313 male members of the Danish Brewery Workers' Union in order to determine health effects of heavy beer drinking, in particular in the aetiology of colorectal cancer. Brewery workers hold the right to consume 6 bottles (2,100 ml) of light pilsener beer (alcohol content 3.7 g1/00 ml) on the premises of the brewery per working day. The cohort included 1,063 mineral‐water factory workers with no free ration of beer. Cancer morbidity and mortality were compared with those of the general population after adjustment for age, sex, area and time trends. Cancer morbidity, 1943–1972, was increased for cancer of the pharynx (RR = 2.09), oesophagus (RR=2.09), liver (RR=1.51) and larynx (RR = 1.98). The risk of these tumours was highest among workers who had had a ration of free beer during 30 or more years of employment. An increased risk of lung cancer (RR‐1.16) corresponds with the risk among persons of low socio‐economic class. These tumour sites accounted for a 9% excess of all malignant neoplasms among members of the BWU. No increased risk for either cancer of the colon (RR = 1.07) or cancer of the rectum (RR = 1.02) was observed. In contrast to studies on “alcoholics”, only deaths from the above‐mentioned cancers, liver cirrhosis (RR=1.77) and motor vehicle accidents (RR = 1.33) were in excess; total mortality was only slightly above expectation (RR = 1.06). The present investigation suggests that the statistical association between beer and colo‐rectal cancer is of a non‐causal nature. It is concluded that the heavy consumption of “weak” alcoholic beverages may increase the risk of upper aero‐digestive tract cancers, and that part of the disease pattern associated with “alcoholism” is unrelated to alcohol consumption.
Non‐random duplication of chromosome 15 in murine T‐cell leukemias induced in mice heterozygous for translocation 1(14:15)6
Authors: Wiener Francis , Spira Jack , Ohno Shinsuke , Haran‐Ghera Nechama , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTrisomy of chromosome 15 is a highly regular feature of murine T‐cell leukemogenesis. We have studied the chromosomal constitution of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced T‐cell leukemias in C57BL × CBAT6T6 F, mice. The CBAT6T6‐derived chromosome 1(14:15)6 was regularly duplicated whereas the C57BL‐derived normal chromosome 15 was only present in one copy. It was concluded that the gene(s) that tend to duplicate in parallel with the neoplastic transformation of the prothymocyte to an overt leukemie cell have a greater chance of duplicating and/or may have a stronger promoting effect on leukemogenesis if located on the CBA‐derived, structurally rearranged T(14:15)6 than the corresponding genes located on the C57BL‐derived normal chromosome 15.
Neuroendocrine cells in serially passaged rat stomach cancers induced by MNNG
Authors: Kobori O. , Oota K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive gastric carcinomas, induced in inbred Wistar rats by oral administration of N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) dissolved in drinking water, were successfully transplanted to isologous rats. The transplants grew to a size of 10 to 35 mm in diameter within 8 to 25 weeks of implantation. In one case, serial transplantations were maintained up to the 11th generation, with occurrence of distant metastasis in the 3rd generation. Histological, histochemical, and electron microscopical comparison of the original and transplanted tumors revealed thet (1) the original tumors were quite well differentiated, forming either papillary or tubular structures, whereas the transplants were more anaplastic and pleomorphic showing often solid nests; and (2) tumor cells with gastrointestinal differentiation and cells with neuroendocrine differentiation were present and evenly distributed in both the original and the serially transplanted tumors. As it is unlikely that the normal and neo‐plastic neuroendocrine cells are growing side‐by‐side with and independently of the epithelial neoplastic components in the present series of transplants, the findings strongly suggest (1) the multidirectional potency of the inbred rat stomach carcinoma cells and (2) the common neoplastic origin of the epithelial and neuroendocrine components.
Preserved foods as possible cancer hazards: Wa rats fed salted fish have mutagenic urine
Authors: Fong L. Y. Y. , Ho J. H. C. , Huang D. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix batches of food traditionally and commonly consumed by southern Chinese, including two samples of dried shrimps and four samples of different species of salted fish, were tested for mutagenic properties using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA1000. Mutagenic activities toward both tester strains were found in all preparations. In most cases, these activities were enhanced by liver microsomal activation. Urine collected from experimental rats regularly fed salted fish also showed mutagenic activity. The level of this activity decreased markedly when the experimental rats were transferred from a salted fish diet to Purina rat chow. Our data suggested the presence of mutagenic/carcinogenic substances in some local preserved foods and at least one of them, salted fish, has been suspected on epidemiological and experimental evidence to be a possible co‐carcinogenic factor in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern Chinese. Our finding is compatible with this hypothesis.
Enhancement of 2‐acetylaminofluorene liver carcinogenesis in rats fed a choline‐devoid diet
Authors: Lombardi Benito , Shinozuka Hisashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of feeding a choline‐devoid (CD) or a choline‐supplemented (CS) diet on the induction of liver tumors in rats by 2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF) were investigated. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed either a CD or a CS diet containing 0.0075% AAF. Three to eight animals were killed 1, 3, 4 and 6 months thereafter. Well to moderately well differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas developed in 50% and 75% of rats fed the CD+AAF diet for 4 and 6 months, respectively. Cholangiocarcinomas developed, after 6 months, in 38% of the animals. No tumor developed in rats fed the CS+AAF diet. The results extend to AAF those previously obtained with DL‐ethionine and azaserine showing that feeding a CD diet greatly potentiates the induction in rats of liver tumors by chemical carcinogens.
Hodgkin's disease in patients with previous infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Kvåle Gunnar , Arne Høiby Ernst , Pedersen Einar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with a positive reaction to the Paul‐Bunnell test in the period 1961–72 were identified at nine different laboratories in Norway and matched against cases of malignant lymphoma registered at the Cancer Registry of Norway in the period 1961–75. Among 5, 840 patients having a positive Paul‐Bunnell test a total of six developed malignant lymphoma, three of these more than 1 year after the positive Paul‐Bunnell test. The expected number of malignant lymphoma was 2.04. Of the six lymphoma cases, five were classified as Hodgkin's disease (HD). The present investigation agrees well with the findings of other epidemiological studies. There seems to be a small excess in incidence of HD among patients with previous infectious mononucleosis (IM), but both diagnostic problems and possible confounding factors must be taken into account before a possible causal association is considered.
Risk factors for cancer of the testis in young men
Authors: Henderson Brian E. , Benton Barbara , Jing Jennie , Yu Mimi C. , Pike M. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn individually matched case‐control study of testis cancer in 131 men under age 40 was counducted to investigate antecedent risk factors including events during prenatal life. Ten patients were born with an undescended testis compared to only two controls (p = 0.02), a previously reported risk factor. Two new risk factors were uncovered: six patient‐mothers received hormones during the Index pregnancy compared to only one control‐mother, and eight patient‐mothers and two control‐mothers reported excessive nausea as a complication of the index pregnancy. A hypothesis linking these three factors is presented: viz. that a major risk factor for testis cancer is a relative excess of certain hormones (in particular estrogen) at the time of differentiation of the testes.
Long‐term T‐cell‐mediated immunity to Epstein‐Barr virus in man. III. Activation of cytotoxic T cells in virus‐infected leukocyte cultures
Authors: Moss D. J. , Rickinson A. B. , Pope J. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments have been conducted to determine the role played by immune T cells in the regression of EB‐virus‐induced transformation which is exclusively seen in leukocyte cultures from seropositive donors. Kinetic studies suggest that, In virus‐infected cultures from such donors, a population of T cells proliferates within the first 2 weeks apparently in response to the appearance of virus‐infected B cells. This proliferation continues to some extent during the period of regression. Nonspecific induction of T‐cell proliferation by PHA did not induce regression in virus‐infected cultures from seronegative donors and actually prevented the regression in seropositive donor cultures. T cells harvested from seropositive donor cultures 11–14 days post infection were generally much more inhibitory to the growth of the autologous EB‐virus‐transformed cell line than were T cells either freshly prepared from whole blood or harvested from corresponding uninfected cultures; this inhibitory activity was either absent or much diminished when assayed against allogeneic target cell lines. The results suggest that virus‐infected individuals possess a pool of virus‐specific memory T cells capable of mounting a cytotoxic response when properly challenged in vitro.
Characterization of normal cervical epithelium, intraepithelial neoplasias and cervical carcinomas in vitro by quantitative studies on nuclear overlap behaviour
Authors: Ebeling K. , Tanneberger St. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an in vitro system the overlap behaviour of cultivated cells of human normal cervical epithelium, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive cervical carcinoma was examined with a quantitative method initiated by Abercrombie and his co‐workers. The overlap index of cells from normal cervical epithelium was significantly lower than that of all other cells examined (p<0.001), while no significant differences existed between overlap indices of cervical carcinoma cells and ovarian carcinoma cells (p>0.05). Likewise no significant differences were obtained from comparison of overlap indices of cells of carcinoma in situ or dysplasia and cervical carcinoma (p>0.05). The calculated low overlap index of cells cultivated from normal cervical epithelium is a quantitative expression of the monolayering in such cultures. The significant differences of overlap index between cells cultivated from normal cervical epithelium and from intraepithelial atypias and carcinomas of the cervix uteri, and the non‐significant differences between intraepithelial atypias and cervical carcinomas, are considered as an expression of the same biological deviation in preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix uteri. Obviously, in spite of the different morphology, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri have biologically common features and the different morphological classification of the preinvasive lesions of the cervix uteri does not always reflect their real invasive potential.
Lymphomas resembling lymphoid leukosis in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus
Authors: Witter R. L. , Crittenden L. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChickens inoculated as embryos or at hatching with the chick syncytial strain of reticuloendo‐theliosis virus developed a high incidence of lymph‐oid neoplasms between the 17th and 43rd weeks of age, involving principally the liver and bursa of Fabricius. On the basis of organ distribution, latent period, pathology and surface IgM production, the lymphomas closely resembled those of lymphoid leukosis. One inoculated chicken developed a myxosarcoma. No tumors were observed in un‐inoculated controls. The tumor‐bearing chickens were free of infection with Marek's disease virus and exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) of subgroups A, B, C or D. However, the chickens were known to express endogenous ALV genes to varying degrees.
Genetic control of in vivo immunity to tumor‐specific transplantation antigens of chemically induced murine fibrosarcomas
Authors: Parmiani Giorgio , Ballinari Dario 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA possible genetic control of the in vivo immunity to tumor‐specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) of two methylcholanthrene‐induced BALB/c fibro‐sarcomas, C‐1 and ST2, was studied in F1 compatible hosts. Both tumors, which have been previously shown to share their TSTA, lost their immunogenicity in (BALB/c×C3Hf)F1 and C‐1 also in (BALB/c×BALB.K)F1 mice; the immunogenicity of both sarcomas remained unchanged in other hybrid combinations of BALB/c with H‐2b or H‐2a animals. For C‐1 this was true either for a primary immunity to low doses (104 and 5 × 104) of tumor cells or for the secondary immune response measured as a capacity of preimmunized animals to resist a challenge of 105 cells. Since (BALB/c×B10.BR) or (BALB/c×AKR)F1 hybrids (both H‐2d × H‐2k) were able to reject C‐1 cells as strongly as BALB/c mice, the proof of a possible genetic influence involving dominant genes coding for low responsiveness to C‐1 or to ST2 and linked to H‐2k haplotype was sought in a back‐cross experiment. The primary and secondary immune response to C‐1 and the secondary immunity to ST2 were evaluated in BALB/c × (BALB/c × C3Hf) back‐cross mice. Results for both tumors were compatible with the presence of an H‐2 dominant gene (or cluster of genes), whose products suppress immunity to TSTA; the linkage of low anti‐tumor responsiveness with H‐2k was demonstrated for both C‐1 and ST2. Further evidence for this linkage was found in the study of immunity to C‐1 in (BALB/c×C3Hf)×(BALB/c×C3Hf) F2 animals. An attempt to map gene(s) governing the low immune response to C‐1 and ST2 was performed by studying the anti‐tumor immunity of BALB/c, (BALB/c×A), (BALB/c×A.TL), (BALB/c×A.AL), (BALB/c×B10.A), [BALB/c×B10.A(4R) and (BALB/c×C3H.OH]F1 mice. It was found that Kk and Dk regions are not necessary for the low immunity to C‐1 to be expressed, therefore mapping the relevant gene(s) in the Ik region. The low immune response of (BALB/c×C3H.OH)F1 mice to C‐1, however, suggested that Dk genes are also important in this phenomenon. For ST2, only BALB/c×C3H.OH animals showed a low anti‐tumor response thus mapping genes coding for a suppression of anti‐ST2 immunity in the Dk region. Since (BALB/c×B10.A) but not (BALB/c × A)F1 mice (both hybrids having an identical H‐2d × H‐2a genotype but different non‐H‐2 backgrounds) were able to develop an anti‐C‐1 immunity, an effect of non‐H‐2 factors which may counteract the suppressive activity of MHC genes is implied. The possible mechanims of this genetic control are discussed.
Transplanted cultured cells from pregnancy‐dependent mammary tumors have a heterogenous developmental potential
Authors: Aidells Bruce D. , Lee Audrey E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCultured cells derived from pregnancy‐dependent mouse mammary tumors (plaques) when transplanted into the gland‐free mammary fat pad display a heterogeneous developmental potential. They not only gave rise to plaques but also produced normal mammary gland, hyperplastic alvoelar nodules (HAN), and autonomous mammary tumors.
Natural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in hamsters
Authors: Datta Surjit K. , Gallagher Michael T. , Trentin John J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphoid cells from normal inbred LSH and random‐bred Syrian golden hamsters were evaluated for natural cytotoxic activity against cultured simian adenovirus 7 (SAT)‐induced lymphoma of the LSH hamster employing the 51Cr‐release cytotoxlcity assay. Natural cytotoxic reactivity was found in both inbred and random‐bred hamsters. The level of activity was much higher in random‐bred (38.2% lysis) than in inbred (14.9%) hamsters. The percentage lysis of SA7 target cells was proportional to the effector:target cell (E:T) ratio. Natural cytotoxic reactivity was high in both spleen and bone marrow intermediate in mesenteric lymph node, and low or non‐existent in thymus. Natural cytotoxic responses were present In 4‐to 7‐day‐old, adult and aged (1‐to 11/2‐year‐old) hamsters. Exposure of hamsters to 1,100 R of whole‐body irradiation had little or no effect on natural cytotoxic reactivity, indicating the radio‐resistant nature of the reactivity in hamsters, as in mice. Treatment of hamsters with a single dose of either 500 mg cytoxan/kg intraperitoneally (IP), or 5 mg carrageenan IP markedly suppressed their natural cytotoxic responses, as in mice. Growth of transplanted SA7 tumor in inbred hamsters or of D., lymphoma in random‐bred hamsters strongly inhibited the natural spleen‐cell‐mediated lysis of SA7 lymphoma cells. Thus, while hamster natural cytotoxic activity shared most of the properties of mouse NK activity, it differed in (1) appearing earlier in life (2) increasing progressively into older age (1 1/2 years) and (3) being as high in bone marrow as in spleen, or higher.
Simultaneous presence of EBNA‐positive and colony‐forming cells in peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Katsuki T. , Hinuma Y. , Saito T. , Yamamoto J. , Hirashima Y. , Sudoh H. , Deguchi M. , Motokawa M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEBNA‐positive lymphoblast cells were detected in 0.1 to 0.9% of the T‐cell‐depleted lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood samples of five patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM). The same blood specimens from four of the five patients contained cells that formed EBNA‐positive colonies in soft agar containing EBV antibodies. The ratio of the colony formers to EBNA‐positive cells was higher in blood samples taken early in the disease than in those obtained in later stages of the disease. The present results strongly suggest that EBV‐transformed cells are present in the peripheral circulation of IM patients and that such cells can directly give rise to immortalized cetl lines in vitro.
Liver‐colonizing melanoma cells selected from B‐16 melanoma
Authors: Tao Tien‐Wen , Matter Alex , Vogel Kurt , Burger Max M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLiver‐colonizing tumor cells were selected from B‐16 melanoma by a stepwise procedure: (1) injection of the original cells through the portal circulation; (2) removal of tumor cells from the hepatic tumor nodules for culture in vitro; (3) reinjection of such cells through the portal circulation and repetition of steps 2 and 3 eight times. The predilection of these selected cells to form tumors in the liver was clearly demonstrated following injection of the cells intra‐arterially. The accuracy of the injection technique was controlled by monitoring amounts of injected radioactively labelled Sephadex microspheres. This liver‐colonizing preference was not exclusive, but relative.
Cell‐mediated cytotoxicity for cultured autologous melanoma cells
Authors: Livingston P. O. , Shiku H. , Bean M. A. , Pinsky C. M. , Oettgen H. F. , Old L. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood lymphocytes from 32 patients with malignant melanoma were tested for cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) against cultured autologous melanoma cells. Effector cells were prepared from venous blood by defibrination, gel sedimentation, nylon column filtration, and lysis of remaining erythrocytes with NH4Cl. Melanoma cells prelabelled with [3H]proline were used as target cells in a 40‐h assay and CMC was evaluated against standards obtained with blood lymphocytes from the least reactive normal donor. Reproducible autologous CMC was detected in 18 of 32 patients in a series of 367 total tests. CMC correlated with tumor volume (5–500 cm3) but not with tumor stage or DNCB reactivity. Preliminary results indicated that autologous CMC was not affected by treatment with DTIC, dexamethasone, intralesional BCG, radiation therapy, or partial surgical excision. Lack of consistent CMC in 14 patients could not be attributed to a measurable decrease in general immune capacity or to increased resistance of the patients' melanoma cells to CMC in general. Fibro‐blasts were more resistant to CMC than melanoma cells, and therefore of questionable value for defining specificity in direct tests.