bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular Fracture Patterns in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Dongas P. , Hall GM 
Published: March 2008

Background: No previous studies on mandibular fracture patterns in Tasmania, and very few elsewhere in Australia, have undertaken to discover which identified age, gender, aetiology, anatomical location of the fracture, period of injury, whether alcohol consumption was associated with the injury, and treatment of mandibular fractures. Method: A retrospective study was undertaken of 251 patients with fractured mandibles presenting to the Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania from 1993–1999. Data were obtained from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery unit fracture record books cross‐checked with patients, impatient/outpatient hospital records. Results: The male to female ratio was 4.5:1, with mandibular fractures most common in the male age group of 21–30 years. Assaults (55 per cent of all patients) were the major cause of fractures. Males accounted for 85.5 per cent of assaults, with punching being the most common method, followed by motor vehicle accidents (MVA), 18.3 per cent and sport, 16.7 per cent. In sport, Australian Rules Football was the most common cause, accounting for 45.2 per cent of sporting injuries. The site most frequently fractured was the angle of the mandible. Alcohol abuse was seen in 41.4 per cent of the patients with 84.6 per cent being male. Open reduction and internal fixation with miniplate osteosynthesis, was the preferred treatment modality. The results are compared with other series. Conclusions: Mandibular fractures are common in Tasmania, with the highest rates involved in assaults and sport (especially Australian Rules Football) and a low rate in MVA. These fractures commonly occurred in young males in which assaults, alcohol and social issues were associated. Therefore, preventive measures and strong public awareness addressing this group may be of benefit in reducing the rate of assaults and sporting injuries to the mandible.
Dentists, Diabetes and Periodontitis
Authors: Bjelland S. , Bray P. , Gupta N. , Hirsch R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis review updates the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. A checklist has been included to assist the general dental practitioner identify individuals with undiagnosed diabetes. The literature indicates a similar incidence of periodontitis exists between well‐controlled diabetics and non‐diabetics. However, a greater incidence and severity of periodontitis is observed in both Type 1 and 2 long‐term diabetics with poor metabolic control. There is an undeniable link between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis with complex interactions occurring between these diseases. A critical review of the literature fails to support the notion that periodontal therapy has a beneficial effect on the long‐term control of diabetes. We have explored the associations between periodontitis and diabetes in the hope of providing the general dental practitioner with the knowledge to support the diabetic patient with the best possible dental care and advice.
Acidic Diet and Dental Erosion Among Athletes
Authors: Sirimaharaj V. , Messer L Brearley , Morgan MV 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: The consumption of acidic foods and drinks is increasing in popularity. The purposes of the present study were to investigate the consumption patterns of acidic foods and drinks among several sport groups and to examine any relationships between consumption patterns and dental erosion.Methods: A questionnaire of oral health habits, diet and dental health was developed. Thirty‐two sports clubs (690 members) of the University of Melbourne participated in a survey. A total of 508 usable questionnaires were received (74.9 per cent response). Descriptive statistics were prepared and logistic regression was used to explore relationships between dental erosion (dependent variable) and the independent variables.Results: Dental erosion was reported by 25.4 per cent of respondents, particularly among athletes of the Martial arts (affecting 37.4 per cent). The consumption of acidic foods and drinks was frequent among most athletes. No significant associations were identified between dental erosion and the frequency of drinking soft drinks or sports drinks. Statistically significant associations were found between dental erosion and age group (p=0.004), frequency of drinking juices (p=0.05), and tooth sensitivity (p=0.001).Conclusion: Athletes may be placing themselves unintentionally at risk of dental erosion and dentists could counsel athletes to control and reduce the effect of potentially erosive foods and drinks.
Studies on dental erosion: An in vivo‐in vitro model of endogenous dental erosion‐its application to testing protection b flouride gel application
Authors: Jones L. , Lekkas D. , Hunt D. , McIntyre J. , Rafir W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: The objective in this study was to develop an in vivo‐in vitro model of endogenous erosion, with a view to exploring the potential for some degree of its control by the use of topical fluoride gel application to teeth.Results: The depth of erosive demineralization of enamel was found to be greatly reduced with increased frequency of APF gel application. The reduction in enamel loss was less following topical application of NaF gel.Methods: Six volunteers each wore a small clasp retained palatal acrylic appliance to which six sterilized enamel tiles were bonded. Three tiles on each appliance were coated extra‐orally with either 1.23 per cent acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) or 2.2 per cent sodium fluoride (NaF) neutral gel for four minutes prior to multiple periods of exposure to the simulated gastric acid, cumulating in 16, 36, 80 and 150 minutes of exposure. Impressions of the enamel tiles prior to and following acid exposure permitted dies to be prepared. These were sectioned through the exposed areas and examined under a stereomicroscope to assess maximum depths of erosion.Conclusions: It was concluded that fluoride gels significantly reduced enamel erosion using this in vivo‐in vitro model and therefore, if prescribed appropriately, should help reduce tooth tissue loss from endogenous erosion.
Tongue cancer: Do patients younger than 40 do worse?
Authors: Hyam DM , Conway RC , Sathiyaseelan Y. , Gebski V. , Morgan GJ , Walker DM , Veness MJ 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Debate continues as to whether being young confers a worse prognosis for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Recent papers have provided conflicting views in this debate. In this study we aimed to investigate if young age at the time of diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue confers a worse prognosis. Methods: Eligible patients were identified through the computer database of the Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney. All eligible patients were treated with radical intent. Using age 40 as a cut off multivariate and survival analysis was undertaken to compare age groups. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 60 years (range, 19–86 years) in 84 males (65 per cent) and 45 females (35 per cent). Median follow‐up time was 43 months (range, 2.3–203 months). Fifteen patients (12 per cent) were aged <40 years. On univariate analysis stage and age were significant determinants of disease‐specific survival. There was no difference in overall survival between the young (<40 years) and middle‐aged groups (40–60 years). However, the young and the middle aged were both more likely to survive than the older age group (>60 years). On multivariate analysis age remained a significant factor for determining disease‐specific survival, with the older age group 2.9 times more likely to die than the younger groups. Conclusion: Young age (<40 years) did not portend to worse survival in comparison to older tongue cancer patients.
Implant‐supported titanium prostheses following augmentation procedures: A clinical report
Authors: Knabe C. , Hoffmeister B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: This report describes a novel technique for fabricating retrievable implant‐supported titanium (Ti) prostheses in patients requiring a comprehensive treatment plan involving the combined efforts of maxillofacial surgery and implant prosthodontics. Methods: Following bone graft reconstructive surgery and implant placement prosthetic treatment was initiated by inserting ITI‐Octa abutments. An impression was made, and a framework was fabricated by fusing Ti‐cast frameworks to prefabricated titanium copings by laser‐welding. This was followed by veneering or fabrication of a removable denture with Ti metal re‐inforcement. Results: Favourable clinical results have been achieved using these screw‐retained Ti implant‐supported restorations for patients treated with reconstructive bone graft‐surgery, with clinical observation periods ranging from three to four years. Conclusions: The present observations suggest that these screw‐retained implant‐supported Ti prostheses may be a meaningful contribution to implant prosthodontics, facilitating retrievable restorations of optimum biocompatibility, good marginal precision and with a good esthetic result. However, controlled clinical studies are needed to establish the long‐term serviceability of these Ti restorations.
Current concepts of the management of dental extractions for patients taking warfarin
Authors: Carter G. , Goss AN , Lloyd J. , Tocchetti R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Controversy has surrounded the correct management of patients therapeutically anticoagulated with warfarin who require dental extractions. The risk of bleeding must be weighed up against the risk of thromboembolism when deciding whether to interfere with a patient's warfarin regimen. An improved understanding of the importance of fibrinolytic mechanisms in the oral cavity has resulted in the development of various local measures to enable these patients to be treated on an outpatient basis. Methods: A review of the literature was undertaken. This was supplemented by the authors' clinical trials and extensive clinical experience with anticoagulated patients. Results: Various protocols for treating patients taking warfarin have been reviewed and summarized and an overview of the haemostatic and fibrinolytic systems is presented. A protocol for management of warfarinized patients requiring dental extractions in the outpatient setting is proposed. Conclusions: Patients therapeutically anticoagulated with warfarin can be treated on an ambulatory basis, without interruption of their warfarin regimen provided appropriate local measures are used.
The role of occupational stress in the maladaptive use of alcohol by dentists: A study of South Australian general dental practitioners
Authors: Winwood PC , Winefield AH , Lushington K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: It is well recognized that dentistry is a stressful profession. However, there are conflicting views about the extent to which such stress contributes to hazardous drinking among dentists. In addition, the relative contributions of stress and pre‐existing vulnerability in predicting alcohol problems among dentists generally (and Australian dentists in particular) have yet to be determined. Methods: The levels of stress and alcohol consumption of 312 South Australian dentists were measured. Factors known to mediate vulnerability to alcohol disorders were also assessed with appropriate psychometric instruments. Results: High levels of stress/burnout, consistent with other studies of dentists' stress, were recorded. Hazardous levels of alcohol consumption, which were between two and four times higher than the normative South Australian population, were also reported, particularly among males and rural dentists. Conclusions: To a significant extent, stress and hazardous alcohol consumption are both present among South Australian dentists. However, compared with work stress/burnout, existing personal vulnerability factors are much stronger predictors of such hazardous alcohol consumption. We suggest that professional dental bodies, and state Dental Boards, may play a role in ensuring stress inoculation and guidance on safe limits of alcohol consumption for dentists‐in‐training; and in creating appropriate mechanisms for assisting dentists who experience alcohol related difficulties.
Microtensile bond strengths to caries‐affected dentine treated with Carisolv
Authors: Burrow MF , Bokas J. , Tanumiharja M. , Tyas MJ 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Little information is available regarding the bonding performance of adhesive restorative materials to caries‐affected dentine after the use of Carisolv(r). The aim of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strengths of two resin‐based adhesives, a conventional glass ionomer cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement to ‘normal’ dentine and caries‐affected dentine after Carisolv treatment. Methods: Specimens were prepared using molar teeth with small carious lesions. Caries was removed with the Carisolv(r) solution and the whole surface was bonded with either SE Bond, One Coat Bond, Fuji IX or Fuji II LC. After 24 hours, specimens were prepared for the microtensile bond strength test and stressed in tension at 1mm/min until rupture of the bond. Mean bond strengths and mode of failure were determined and analysed with the LSD test and chi square test respectively. Results: The results showed no statistical difference for SE Bond, One Coat Bond or Fuji IX, but a difference was observed for the resin‐modified GIC, Fuji II LC. Conclusions: It was concluded that carious dentine treated with Carisolv did not affect the adhesion of the adhesive restorative materials tested in this study with the exception of Fuji II LC.
Clinical evaluation of an ‘all‐in‐one’ bonding system to non‐carious cervical lesions—results at one year
Authors: Burrow MF , Tyas MJ 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: The recent trend in using dentine adhesives is to simplify the number of steps required for bonding. The simplest are now the so‐called ‘all‐in‐one’ products which combine the etching, priming and bonding steps into a single application. However, few clinical trials have been reported using this type of material. The current study reports the one‐year results of a clinical trial with One‐Up Bond F and Palfique Estilite resin composite. Methods: Fifty‐one non‐undercut non‐carious cervical lesions were restored with One‐Up Bond F and Palfique Estilite in 15 patients (mean age 57.5 years). Restorations were evaluated at six months and one year for presence or absence and for marginal staining using standardized colour photographs for comparison. Results: At one year, 42 restorations could be evaluated and all were intact. Slight marginal staining was observed around three restorations but was considered to be of no clinical significance. Conclusions: One‐Up Bond F with Palfique Estelite shows good promise for the restoration of non‐carious cervical lesions.
The split denture: A new technique for artificial saliva reservoirs in mandibular dentures
Authors: Mendoza AR , Tomlinson MJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractXerostomia is a relatively common complaint that can make the wearing of dentures very uncomfortable for affected individuals. To help overcome this problem, a number of techniques have been proposed for incorporating reservoirs, containing salivary substitutes, into dentures. These have had varying degrees of success. This paper presents a case of a patient suffering from xerostomia who was successfully treated with a new form of reservoir denture. This new split‐denture technique resulted in a reservoir denture that provided good lubrication of the oral tissues, was easily cleaned by the wearer and was produced from routine denture materials. Details of its design, construction and other potential applications are also presented.
Non‐surgical management of an oro‐antral fistula in a patient with HIV infection
Authors: Loean RM , Coates EA 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: The risk of post‐extraction complications is higher in patients who are immunosuppressed compared to other patients with normal immune function. In addition, invasive dental procedures are more likely to have serious complications in these patients. This case report demonstrates an effective non‐surgical procedure to treat an oro‐antral fistula in an HIV‐infected man.Methods: The oro‐antral fistula was de‐epithelialized under local anaesthesia and the patient wore a surgical splint continuously, removing it only for cleaning, for an eight week period. Chlorhexidine gel was regularly applied to the fitting surface of the splint and the oro‐antral communication. The patient was reviewed on a regular basis.Results: This procedure resulted in resolution of the patient's symptoms within two weeks. Complete healing of the oro‐antral fistula was evident following eight weeks of wearing the surgical splint.Conclusions: This procedure provided an effective method of treating an oro‐antral fistula in an immunocompromised patient without causing any detrimental effects to the patient's overall health. Adequate pre‐surgical assessment of patients prior to extractions is important in all patients to help prevent the occurrence of such complications.
The human lateral pterygoid muscle: A review of some experimental aspects and possible clinical relevance
Authors: Murray GM , Phanachet I. , Uchida S. , Whittle T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe clinical notion that some disturbance to the activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle plays a role in the aetiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is still widely accepted and influences management strategies. However, there is no rigorous scientific evidence to support this clinical notion and the role of the lateral pterygoid muscle in normal function is still controversial. The classically defined functions of each head of the muscle are that the superior head is active on closing, retrusion, and ipsilateral jaw movements, while the inferior head is active on opening, protrusion and contralateral jaw movements. However, recent data indicate that these concepts are too simplistic. For example, recent evidence suggests that parts of the superior head may also be active on opening, protrusion and contralateral jaw movements, and that the superior head may consist of three mediolaterally arranged functional zones. Given these complexities, the proposal that clicking and/or locking conditions arise in the temporomandibular joint through some form of lack of co‐ordination between the two heads of the muscle needs re‐evaluation. Despite earlier reports to the contrary, both heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle appear to be electrically silent at the postural or resting jaw position, and therefore appear to play no role in the anteroposterior positioning of the jaw at the postural position. An important role has also been demonstrated electromyographically for progressive changes in activity in the inferior head as the direction of horizontal jaw force shifts from one side to the other. This suggests an important role for the lateral pterygoid muscle in the generation of side‐to‐side and protrusive jaw forces. The lateral pterygoid muscle is likely therefore to play an important role in parafunctional excursive jaw movements and also possibly a role in influencing jaw position in patients where the maxillomandibular relationship records change from session to session. The above data provide new insights into the normal function of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The proposal that the lateral pterygoid muscle plays some role in the aetiology of TMD needs now to be rigorously tested.
Non‐surgical approach to advanced chronic periodontitis: A 17.5‐year case report
Authors: Kawamura M. , Sadamori S. , Okada M. , Sasahara H. , Hamada T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis 17.5‐year longitudinal case report details the treatment of advanced chronic periodontitis in a female patient commencing at 34 years of age. The woman was provided with periodontal care comprising of temporary fixation, scaling and root planing, intra‐pocket irrigation using a root canal syringe and regular supervised maintenance. The patient presented with a 10‐year history of bleeding gums. Therapy conducted in general practice had included simple curettage and irrigation. However, these treatments proved unsuccessful and the patient often changed dentists seeking better treatment. She presented to the University Dental Hospital, for diagnosis and treatment of her periodontal conditions after her mandibular lateral incisor had exfoliated. On presentation a purulent exudate could be expressed from all of the pockets. All anterior teeth, excluding the maxillary canines, demonstrated +2 to +3 mobility. The patient did not want any surgical treatment or her teeth extracted. It was decided to treat the patient conservatively without surgery. By postponing extraction, the authors were in a better position to determine the prognosis of the remaining teeth after the infection was under control. Although six teeth were extracted during the 17.5 years, this case report suggests that a non‐surgical approach is a viable option while maintaining regular visits for periodontal care.
Psychic and occlusal factors in bruxers
Authors: Manfredini D. , Landi N. , Romagnoli M. , Bosco M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of associations between bruxism and psychic and occlusal factors. Methods: Participants in this study (n=85) were recruited from the Section of Odontostomatology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Italy. They were split into two groups, bruxers (n=34) and non‐bruxers (n=51), on the basis of the presence of both clinical and anamnestical indicators of bruxism. All participants were administered two self‐reported validated questionnaires to evaluate mood (MOODS‐SR) and panic‐agoraphobic (PAS‐SR) spectra. A number of occlusal variables (deep‐bite, cross‐bite, open‐bite, mediotrusive and laterotrusive interferences, slide RCP‐ICP, laterotrusive guides, canine and molar classes) were also recorded. Results: With regards to occlusal factors, the only association was revealed between bruxism mediotrusive interferences (p<0.05). As for psychiatric investigation, significant differences between bruxers and controls emerged for the presence of both depressive (p<0.01) and manic symptoms (p<0.01) in MOODS‐SR, and for stress sensitivity (p<0.01), anxious expectation (p<0.05), and reassurance sensitivity symptoms (p<0.05) in PAS‐SR. In particular, both mood (p<0.01) and panic‐agoraphobic (p<0.05) spectra symptoms seem to differentiate bruxers from controls in males, while in females strong differences emerged for stress sensitivity symptoms (p<0.05). Conclusions: It can be confirmed that certain psychic traits are present in bruxers, while occlusal factors are not useful parameters to discern bruxers from non‐bruxers.