bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociologie de la paroisse comme Assemblée eucharistique
Authors: Houtart Fr. 
Published: March 2007

The first part sets out the bases of social study of the parish. This would seem to start from three lines of thought: the deeper study of certain fundamental sociological concepts; the sociological examination of parishes in their factual reality; the developing of sociological thought in line with the implications of theology. The author treats this third point in the second part of the article. Here he directs our attention on the one hand to the theological status of the parish as the place of the eucharistic assembly, and on the other to the remaining significant elements of the parochial institution.
Le problème des vocations religieuses en Pologne
Authors: Zdaniewicz Witold 
Published: March 2007

In the first two parts of his work, the author devotes himself to a statistical study of changes in the personnel of convents in Poland between 1945 and 1958 (number of postulants, number of professed, number leaving the religious life, lay brothers and clerics). It would appear that the number of vocations among brothers in particular is diminishing, that twice as many leave as enter and that the brothers who leave outnumber the professed threefold. In a third part, the sociological analysis attempts to grasp, at a conscious level, the motivation of vocations: for priests, it is the desire for the apostolic life which predominates; for brothers, it is of a more monastic nature: to serve God. The enquiry also reveals the social factors under the influence of which monks become aware of their vocations. The more noticeable features are: the importance of the years of primary education, the importance of the liturgy, personal example and the activity of the Church, the reputation of the chosen community. Finally, enquiry at an individual level attempts to discover the way in which vocations arise: their difficulties, the cause of 'crises'. 46 % of clerics and 43% of brothers go through a crisis in the course of their lives. The cause is to be looked for in the increasing influence of 'secular' life on the convents; this influence has a profound effect on the activity and spirituality of religious, (the practice of obedience in particular). In conclusion: 1. The statistics create the impression not so much of 'crisis' as of modification in the recruitment of religious orders, (nuns are not taken into account in this study). 2. As for spiritual 'crises': these will find no solution unless the structures of the religious life adapt and accept postulants as they are, with all the implications of their modern mentality.
Immigrant Sect Development in Britain: A Case of Status Deprivation ?
Authors: Hill Clifford 
Published: March 2007

L'auteur analyse la formation et l'extension rapide de sectes religieuses (surtout pentecôtistes), qui se recrutent parmi des noirs antillais récemment immigrés en Angleterre; le phéno mène est mis en perspective avec les tensions sociales, et en particulier celles qu'a provoqué l'immigration noire en Grande- Bretagne. La plus importante de ces sectes sert de cas d'ana lyse et sa croissance est interprétée à partir du concept d'anomie. Les Antillais immigrés en Grande-Bretagne ne souffrent pas de dépossession économique, mais de l'infériorité de leur race et de leur statut, et cela est devenu particulièrement sensible depuis que, pour la première fois, le problème racial est devenu un enjeu électoral. L'analyse montre que les adhé sions à la secte se font plus nombreuses à mesure que s'accroît ce problème. L'auteur conclut à l'existence d'un lien entre l'anomie et la croissance des sectes religieuses de noirs en Grande-Bretagne.
The Wood and the Trees
Authors: Bourdin Alain , Sain-Cricq Mireille , Hirschhorn Monique 
Published: March 2007

Les représentations sociales associées à l'électricité et à l'éner gie nucléaire manifestent-elles un retour du sacré? Si l'on en tend par sacré la référence au tout autre, l'existence d'un sens donné, les résultats de /'enquête ne semblent pas confir mer cette hypothèse. A travers les discours s'exprime au contraire un mode de pensée non dualiste qui conduit à une éthique de la responsabilité. La disparition de la garantie métaphysique entraine ainsi la recherche d'autresformes de sécurité. Parler hâti vement de retour du sacré serait occulter la mutation qui s'ébau che.
The Sacredness of the Cow in India
Authors: Batra S.M. 
Published: March 2007

Cet article traite d'un aspect souvent négligé par les études consacrées au caractère sacré de la vache en Inde. Ces études, sou vent polémiques, se sont préoccupées d'aspects techniques et envi ronnementaux et n'ont pratiquement rien apporté quant à la compréhension de la logique culturelle contenue dans le caractère sacré de cet animal. Basé sur I 'étude de textes sacrés, sur des observations empiri ques dans le Nord du Pays et sur des travaux d'anthropologues dans d'autres régions, cet article jette une lumière sur le caractère sacré de la vache dans l'Inde ancienne, sur les processus histori ques qui ont abouti à l'émergence des tabous concernant la con sommation du boeuf, sur les mythes et rites qui accompagnent ce phénomène, sur ses significations culturelles dans la société indienne. L'auteur estime que l'interprétation métaphorique technico-environnementale de Harris à propos du caractère sacré de la vache ne rend pas compte de manière adéquate du maintien de ce modèle culturel en Inde. L'idéologie religieuse indienne explique mieux cette persistance car la sacralité de la vache est un reflet d'actes symboliques ayant un caractère expressif et une fin en soi qui dépassent les simples considérations rationnelles.
Water-Resistant, Water Vapor Permeable Cotton Fabrics1
Authors: Fourt Lyman , Quinn Frank 
Published: March 2007

The water vapor transmission property of the cotton fiber is used to greatest advantage in plastic-coated, water-resistant fabrics when the coatings are relatively light, and are as much as possible located inside the fabric structure, with cotton exposed on each surface. "Hill and valley" structured fabrics such as narrow wale pique, poplins, drills and twills with prominent twill lines, and napped or pile fabrics, such as suedes or velvets with a substantial backing portion of the fabric, are ad vantageous. However, light coatings on 80 X 80 print cloth, well scraped into the surface, can also show favorable combinations of relatively low vapor resistance and relatively high hydrostatic resistance. A plasticized resin latex with a substantial proportion of water-soluble thickener tends to give more porous films than the films produced by plastisols, but each ap proach can give a wide range of combinations of properties. White the fabrics do show vapor and water resistances which compare favorably with commercial "breathable vinyl" upholstery fabrics, the appearance and feel are different. Many factors in addition to water vapor permeability and hydrostatic resistance need to be considered in commercial fabrics.
The SRRL Integrated System for Opening and Cleaning Cotton—the Opener-Cleaner
Authors: Rusca R.A. , Young R.C. 
Published: March 2007

An integrated system for cleaning cotton at textile mills is under development at the Southern Regional Research Laboratory. The theory and general design of the system and of one of its component machines, the Opener-Cleaner, are discussed. The results of laboratory evaluations, usitig tivr commercial varieties of cotton, are presented. Comparisons of the processing performance of a conventtonat opening-picking line and an experimental line w ith the Opener-Cleaner are favorable to the experimental line. The Opener-Cleaner, alone, provides 35% cleaning efficiency and 0.3% lint loss at 1500 lb./hr. production.
New Fibers in Tire Cords
Authors: Mallory G.D. 
Published: March 2007

Cotton, rayon, nylon, and steel have been used to make satisfactory tires. These four fibers vary widely in appearance and characteristics. They were used successfully in spite of these differences where many other fibers were inadequate. The most critical factors are cost per pound per unit of strength as built in the tire and fatigue life for reversing loads at operational temperatures. New fibers should have enough of the basic requirements, a feature quality for some needed and spectacular performance, and a price such that our customers will buy our tires.
Combed Roving Twist Formula
Authors: Simpson Jack , Corley James R. , Schnabel Gerald G. 
Published: March 2007

This study revealed that the twist required in rovings of combed cottons for good processing and drafting qualities varies directly with the hank roving, fiber fineness (Micronaire), and the variation of fiber length (both the uniformity ratio from the Fibrograph and per cent coefficient of variation from the Suter Webb Sorter). The twist varies inversely with the per cent noils removed and fiber length (Classer's staple length and upper half mean from the Fibrograph). Four of these variables were incorporated into a formula, and a correction method was devised for the fifth variable. A nomograph based on this formula was constructed. It enables rapid determination of the twist required in rovings ranging from 0.25-10.0 hank, using combed cottons varying widely in fiber fineness, staple length, and per cent noils removed.
The Mothproofing of Wool with Dieldrin
Authors: Lipson M. , McPhee J.R. 
Published: March 2007

Dieldrin does not react with wool but, during treatment in aqueous emulsions, some of the insecticide penetrates the fibers. This small amount, sufficient to mothproof the wool, is not removed by the usual drycleaning solvents which do not cause swelling, but can be extracted completely by hot methanol or acetone. Dieldrin is gradually lost when treated wool is washed in soap solutions, but an initial application of 0.05% on the weight of wool gives a mothproofing effect which withstands machine washing for 3 hr. ASTM Standard Tests have been applied to wool containing 0.05% Dieldrin, and the insectproofing effect found to be fast (Class 3) to laundering, dry and wet cleaning, hot pressing, sea water, acid and alkaline perspiration, light, and rubbing. Dieldrin has been applied to large amounts of wool at various stages of processing: the results of these industrial trials are given. Treatment should preferably be in the final wet process, since some of the insecticide is removed by subsequent dyeing, bleaching, or milling. Application is preferred from the dyebath when dyeing is the final wet process.
Cosmopolitanism and the Circle of Reason
Authors: MEHTA PRATAP BHANU 
Published: March 2007

What I require is a convening of my culture's criteria, in order to confront them with my words and life as I pursue them and as I may pursue them; and at the same time to confront my words and life as I pursue them with the life my culture's words may imagine for me: to confront the culture with itself, along the lines it meets in me. Stanley Cavell
Erotic “Remedy” Prints and the Fall of the Aristocracy in Eighteenth-Century France
Authors: BELLHOUSE MARY L. 
Published: March 2007

The asshole remains the one shameful part of the bourgeois body.... The anus is the private part par excellence of the bourgeois body.... It has no place in socially admissible desire.... The use of the asshole is the touchstone of the conflict between the private and the public. Guy Hocquenghem
Children as Victims and Victimizers
Authors: Wilczenski Felicia L. , Steegmann Ruth , Braun Michelle , Feeley Francis , Griffin Jennifer , Horowitz Thomas , Olson Suzanne 
Published: March 2007

This paper presents a systemic perspective for understanding the pervasive problem of victimization in schools by clarifying adult attitudes toward childhood aggression, examining victimization as a continuum of behavior, and emphasizing the interpersonal relationship between victims and victimizers. In addition, the rationale and description of a preventive program dealing with children as victims and victimizers is presented. Bullying happens all the time In class, at home, or in the lunch line Bullies punch, kick, threaten, and steal Then I don't have money for my lunch meal They try to be cool by making others hurt And that makes you feel like dirt I don't know how they can stand to do such If I tried bullying, I'd feel bad too much. Tracy, Amy and Phil, Age 11 Fair Play Program Participants
Co-operative Movement Confronts Centralization: Israeli Kibbutz Regional Organizations
Authors: Rayman Paula 
Published: March 2007

Co-operative movements, collectives and alternative institutions existing within a larger environment of opposing values have limited success in maintaining egalitarian and co-operative practices. When these collectives attempt to form centralized organizations they confront patterns of bureaucratization and stratification common to the institutions of the dominant society. Theoretical issues of the inevitability of increasing organizational hierarchy, standardization and routinization are addressed in the study of three kibbutz regional institutions. Based on fieldwork conducted in the 1970s, the study indicates that regional advances have caused conflicts for kibbutz social structure. The co-operative system will never transform capitalist society. To convert social production into one large and harmonious system of free and co-operative labour, general social changes are wanted, changes of the general condition of society... K. Marx, Capital, Vol. 1
The Family, Politics, and Religion in the 1980s
Authors: PANKHURST JERRY G. , HOUSEKNECHT SHARON K. 
Published: March 2007

The major objective of this article is to examine the process of the politicization of the family and to provide a sociological interpretation. Major social changes have led to the definition of the family as a social problem. Because old patterns have been disrupted, a “normative reaction to normlessness” has set in providing the motivation for the profamily social movement on both the religious and the political level. New Right familism can be viewed as a reaction to what are actually worldwide changes in family patterns that force a reevaluation of the “old individualism” (centered on male prerogatives) and encourage the acceptance of the “new individualism,” which respects the developing extrafamilial prerogatives of females, the young, and the elderly. Various developments may provide further success or failure for the profamily movement, but the ultimate impact of the movement on society will depend upon the interaction of social organizational and normative dynamics. To the extent that liberal views on family matters prevail, advocates must respond to the need to develop a greater vision for America as a society along with their increased options for personal expression.
Learning to include Pete
Authors: Riddle Beverley 
Published: March 2007

This is an account of how one teacher is working to include a partially sighted boy in her mainstream primary school class. It is seen as a learning process as much for the teacher as for the young pupil himself. Pete is nine years old, with ocular albinism and nystagmus giving reduced near and distance vision. He has been with us since the Summer term, and in my class since September. I had no experience of working with visually impaired children, and all I knew was that he had a teaching assistant (TA) for 15 hours a week and had 'problems seeing'. Reading the reports on Pete, I understood that he was above average intelligence and needed help accessing the curriculum.
Social Stratification and Mobility in the World System
Authors: Bornschier Volker , Trezzini Bruno 
Published: March 2007

This article briefly reviews earlier as well as recent approaches to world social stratification and highlights changes in paradigms similar to those in national stratification research. One reason for conceptual similarities in both fields is increasing social differentiation, which triggered reconceptualizations. In reviewing different approaches, the article focuses on the innovative contributions of network analysis, which entered world stratification research in the 1980s, and outlines its main findings. A major concern of the authors lies in the integration of these theoretical explanations of successful or failed efforts in late development, explanations which are either situated on the level of the international or the national stratification system. Starting from the fact of the remarkably different economic performance of the semiperipheral countries like Taiwan and South Korea, as compared to Mexico and Brazil, the article explains such differentiation by - among other things - the interplay of internal stratification and world economic position, an interplay subsumed under the authors' concept of `the world market for protection and social order'.
Industrial Revenue Bond Recipients: The Kansas Experience
Authors: Smith Loran B. 
Published: March 2007

Industrial revenue bonds have been criticized either because too much IRB money funded retail or commercial projects rather than industrial or manufacturing projects or because large profitable corporations were the major beneficiaries of the bonds. These criticisms, however, were often supported by random citations of questionable cases rather than a thorough investigation of bond usage. This paper investigates IRB usage in Kansas between 1962 and 1983. It particularly focuses on bond usage in the state's largest cities where bonds are categorized by purpose and by recipient to determine the pattern of economic development and the major beneficiaries. This study found that many of the criticisms of industrial revenue bonds were applicable to the Kansas pattern of usage.
Uneeda Biscuit: The First Consumer Package?
Authors: Twede Diana 
Published: March 2007

This article describes the development of the Uneeda Biscuit package, created in 1899, and the claim that it was the first consumer package. The package represents an important change in the way products were sold. The technical and 7narketing innovation of this package demonstrates a major cultural shift to packaged consumer goods and shelf-stable food—the package was a necessary component in the self-service national distribution retail era that was to follow. The claim that Uneeda Biscuit employed the first consumer package can be refuted on some specific grounds—glass bottles have been used as distinctive consumer unit packages since the 1700s; canned food dates from the mid 1800s; and consumer packages for toilet paper preceded the Uneeda box by 20 years. Nonetheless, Uneeda played an important role in the development of the paperboard box industry, which has been a necessary component of twentieth-century retailing.
Juvenile Delinquency Structures and Forms of Dealing with it in Budapest and Hamburg
Authors: Walter Michael , Fischer Wolfgang 
Published: March 2007

This article presents a comparative analysis of juvenile delinquency in two large European cities from different social systems (period of observation: 1974-1983). We selected for comparison, crime incidence and the manner in which crime was handled. An examination of the crime rates confirmed the impression that higher rates and higher increases of criminality occur in Western cities. The examination of specific offences (excluding certain mass offences) leads to different results, yet there is some correspondence in quantitative terms (sexual offences or homicide). These findings were established with improved instruments of research. Although Budapest's detection rates are generally higher than Hamburg's, a striking correspondence among the detection rates were obtained. Thus indicating that similar policies regarding reporting and registration exist in both countries although the actual amount of offences registered differs considerably. However, the comparison of the different processes of selection reveals another striking similarity: whilst on the level of instituted proceedings great differentials are observed, the situation changes completely at the juridical level. Almost perfect congruency can be found regarding the number of convictions so that the amount of "net-criminality" (i.e. the actual number of imposed and executed sentences), thus the forensic expenditure of work are nearly identical on both countries. Various interpretations for these findings are discussed and further reaching questions are developed.
Evaluation of Interfacial Grafting Between Matrix and Gel Inclusions in High Impact Polystyrene
Authors: Theocaris P.S. , Kefalas V. , Spathis G. 
Published: March 2007

The interfacial grafting between the glassy polystyrene matrix and the rubber-like par ticle phase (gel phase) of High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) is known to be important to the fracture toughness of the material [1]. A simple quantitative model is developed to determine interfacial grafting from the observed shifts between the glass transition temperature of pure matrix polystyrene and three commercial types of HIPS.
Structure and Thermo-Elastic Properties of SMC
Authors: Kabelka J. , Ehrenstein G.W. 
Published: March 2007

A calculation process was developed to determine the whole set (in-plane as well as in the cross direction) of thermo-elastic properties of SMC materials on the basis of known properties of components. A typical feature of SMC structure (that the ma jority of reinforcing fibres remain collected in bundles acting as a sieve during the wetting process) is discussed. SMC-composite is held for a transverse isotropic material and is modeled by a symmetric three-layer composite with the centre layer consisting of plane isotropically reinforced fibre composite and the border layers represented by the isotropic particulate composite. The classical laminate theory is used to find the effective deforma tion characteristics of SMC. The properties of the centre layer are expressed in terms of a UD composite. The Kerner-Hashin theory has been proven satisfactory for prediction of particle composite properties in the case when the particle form doesn't differ too much from the spherical one (e.g., the case of a CaCO3 filler). The application of the Lewis-Nielsen theory allows a good agreement between theoretical and experimental values when platelet particle form must be considered (the case of a kaolin filler). An application of a low-profile additive reduces the stiffness of the resin and enhances its thermal expansion. This effect was found especially significant at higher temperatures and could not be described by means of a mechanical model only.
Stress Prevention and Alleviation Strategies for the Police
Authors: Webb Stephen D. , Smith David L. 
Published: March 2007

While the available evidence suggests that at least some aspects of police work are stressful, our knowledge of the causes and consequences of that stress is based largely on conjecture. Stress research is exceedingly complex. After literally hundreds of studies on various facets of occupational stress, the results remain ambivalent and our knowledge meagre. Given that stress research is still in an exploratory stage, it is argued that the immediate attention of occupational stress studies among the police should focus on treatment and prevention strategies rather than on the sources or consequences of stress. Toward this end, this paper reviews a wide variety of programs aimed at preventing or alleviating police stress. The proposed strategies are classified here as either proactive or reactive. Proactive strategies are meant to prevent the development of stress through training and selection programs, better selection criteria, and a variety of administrative methods. The reactive strategies, such as counseling or rehabilitation programs, are aimed at alleviating the consequences of stress. Other direct relaxation techniques, e.g., biofeedback and meditation, are also reviewed along with the issue of disability compensation for stress related illnesses.