bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of partial discharge measurement method for pre‐mold cable accessories with separated‐shielding layers
Authors: Nakatani Youichi , Adachi Mikio , Miyazaki Toshihiro , Noma Takashi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMost of the accidents on XLPE cable line are caused by defective construction of cable accessories. Thus the authors developed a method to measure partial discharges in pre‐mold cable accessories. The authors provided separated‐shielding layers as detection electrodes in accessories, and discriminate between partial discharge pulse and noise pulse using realtime comparison of pulse current magnitudes from both detection electrodes.This paper describes the principle of the noise discrimination method, portable partial discharge measurement apparatus, and the results of field test.
Compensation for light intensity variation by superposing AC magnetic field in optical measurement of DC current
Authors: Higaki Masaru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOptical voltage and current measurement generally necessitates the compensation of light intensity variation which occurs in the optical measuring system, because it is possible the light intensity variation may give rise to a measuring error. Therefore, such compensation methods as dividing the ac component by the dc component of the light intensity are usefully introduced in optical ac voltage and current measurement, but those methods are not useful exactly for the optical measurement of the quantities including dc components.This paper deals with a new useful compensation method for light intensity variation in the optical dc current measurement. Linearly polarized light passes through two kinds of Faraday sensors, in which one detects dc magnetic field caused by dc current and the other detects externally applied constant ac magnetic field. Then, the compensation of the light intensity variation is carried out by measuring the dc and ac components of the beam. The principle of the compensation method using the ac component is described in the paper. Experimental results of this method using flint glass as the Faraday effect cells are reported and it is clarified that this method can decrease the measuring error of the modulation depth for dc current and compensate light intensity variation validity.
Ultrasonic motor‐actuated direct drive positioning servo control system using fuzzy‐reasoning controller
Authors: Izuno Yuji , Nakaoka Mutsuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a traveling‐wave ultrasonic motor (USM)‐actuated positioning servo driver, suitable for direct‐drive motion systems, which incorporates a fuzzy‐reasoning software controller with speed and position‐variable feedback schemes. The experimental results of this USM position servo driver operating at two‐phase high‐frequency resonant inverter are illustrated and evaluated using a one‐axis servo motion drive system. The results show that the new system using a compact USM that incorporates a microprocessor‐based two‐input and one‐output fuzzy‐reasoning controller is cost effective and suitable for special purposes in the industrial, medical, automotive, space and consumer fields.
A study of the electromagnetic vibration of a capacitor induction motor caused by time‐harmonic voltages
Authors: Hirotsuka Isao , Tsuboi Kazuo , Itoh Yuuichi , Ueda Fukashi , Matsui Keiju 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn recent years, power source voltage waveform distortion has become noticeable, as electrical appliances with rectifier circuits have become widely used. Connecting capacitor inductor motor (CRM) to such distorted supply, or controlling CRM by simple controller with a switching device (such as triacs), harmonic voltage is supplied to CRM. In that case, CRM produces electromagnetic vibrations caused by not only the fundamental voltage but also time‐harmonic voltages in the distorted voltage. In addition, CRM produces electromagnetic vibration due to backward magnetic fields. Thus, it is difficult to clarify a relationship between electromagnetic vibration of CRM and harmonic voltages.In this paper, the causes of the electromagnetic vibration of CRM operating under distorted wave supply voltage are discussed. First, a general equation of dominant electromagnetic force waves is shown considering not only forward magnetic fields but also backward magnetic fields. Using a general equation, causes of dominant electromagnetic vibration can be clarified. Next, by discussing in detail some examples of the dominant vibration, the relationship between the vibration and harmonic voltages becomes evident. Furthermore, the relationship between the vibration and backward magnetic field is clarified.
Soft‐switching PWM DC‐DC converter with reduced circulating current
Authors: Hamada Satoshi , Nakaoka Mutsuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSoft‐switching phase‐shifted PWM converters have attracted much attention because of their low switching losses, constant frequency operation and simple control. However, a circulating current flows through the transformer and the primary bridge circuit during the free‐wheeling interval, resulting in relatively high current stresses on the transformers and switching devices compared with those of conventional hard‐switching PWM converters.This paper presents an improved soft‐switching phase‐shifted PWM DC‐DC converter that can substantially reduce the circulating current by employing a tapped inductor for the output low‐pass filter. The principle of operation and the role of the tapped inductor are illustrated. The effectiveness of the tapped inductor is evaluated through simulation analysis. Moreover, a 500 W‐100 Hz prototype converter is implemented to demonstrate the excellent performances of both low switching and low conduction losses.
Two‐electron integral evaluation on the graphics processor unit
Authors: Yasuda Koji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe propose the algorithm to evaluate the Coulomb potential in the ab initio density functional calculation on the graphics processor unit (GPU). The numerical accuracy required for the algorithm is investigated in detail. It is shown that GPU, which supports only the single‐precision floating number natively, can take part in the major computational tasks. Because of the limited size of the working memory, the Gauss‐Rys quadrature to evaluate the electron repulsion integrals (ERIs) is investigated in detail. The error analysis of the quadrature is performed. New interpolation formula of the roots and weights is presented, which is suitable for the processor of the single‐instruction multiple‐data type. It is proposed to calculate only small ERIs on GPU. ERIs can be classified efficiently with the upper‐bound formula. The algorithm is implemented on NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX and the Gaussian 03 program suite. It is applied to the test molecules Taxol and Valinomycin. The total energies calculated are essentially the same as the reference ones. The preliminary results show the considerable speedup over the commodity microprocessor. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Insights into the mechanisms of flavoprotein oxidases from kinetic isotope effects
Authors: Fitzpatrick Paul F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDeuterium, solvent, and 15N kinetic isotope effects have been used to probe the mechanisms by which flavoproteins oxidize carbon–oxygen and carbon–nitrogen bonds in amines, hydroxy acids, and alcohols. For the amine oxidases D‐amino acid oxidase, N‐methyltryptophan oxidase, and tryptophan monooxygenase, D‐serine, sarcosine, and alanine are slow substrates for which CH bond cleavage is fully rate limiting. Inverse isotope effects for each of 0.992–0.996 are consistent with a common mechanism involving hydride transfer from the uncharged amine. Computational analyses of possible mechanisms support this conclusion. Deuterium and solvent isotope effects with wild‐type and mutant variants of the lactate dehydrogenase flavocytochrome b2 show that OH and CH bond cleavage are not concerted, but become so in the Y254F enzyme. This is consistent with a highly asynchronous reaction in which OH bond cleavage precedes hydride transfer. The results of Hammett analyses and solvent and deuterium isotope effects support a similar mechanism for alcohol oxidase. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of ionic liquids in analytical separations
Authors: Shamsi Shahab A. , Danielson Neil D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs), as separation media, have made significant contributions in the past decades in advancing research in gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). This review, covering reports published from the mid 1980s to early 2007, shows how ILs have been used so far in separation science, originally primarily as GC stationary phases and later as mobile phase additives (both millimolar and major percent levels) for LC and CE. Representative GC and LC chromatograms as well as CE electropherograms are shown. In addition, the very recent findings on the development of ionic liquids with surfactant properties and its applications for chiral and achiral analysis are discussed.
Is the metabolic syndrome a useful concept?
Authors: Stanley John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe scientific literature is full of references to the metabolic syndrome. At present there are three separate sets of criteria for diagnosing this syndrome. While the same criteria are used in all three definitions the importance assigned to each is different. The WHO definition makes insulin resistance an essential criterion, the ATP III definition gives it equal weight to the other four criteria while the IDF definition makes it a non‐essential criterion. In addition, the role of body weight, body fat and body fat distribution is not clear. These three definitions of the metabolic syndrome have rather lost sight of Gerald Reaven's original formulation of syndrome X which was very clear that insulin resistance and its compensating hyperinsulinaemia are the causes of a variety of metabolic abnormalities which increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Despite its popularity the metabolic syndrome is not a helpful concept.
Non‐invasive measurement of brain viscoelasticity using magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Sack Ingolf , Beierbach Bernd , Hamhaber Uwe , Klatt Dieter , Braun Jürgen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to develop magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for the fast and reproducible measurement of spatially averaged viscoelastic constants of living human brain. The technique was based on a phase‐sensitive echo planar imaging acquisition. Motion encoding was orthogonal to the image plane and synchronized to intracranial shear vibrations at driving frequencies of 25 and 50 Hz induced by a head‐rocker actuator. Ten time‐resolved phase‐difference wave images were recorded within 60 s and analyzed for shear stiffness and shear viscosity. Six healthy volunteers (six men; mean age 34.5 years; age range 25–44 years) underwent 23–39 follow‐up MRE studies over a period of 6 months. Interindividual mean ± SD shear moduli and shear viscosities were found to be 1.17 ± 0.03 kPa and 3.1 ± 0.4 Pas for 25 Hz and 1.56 ± 0.07 kPa and 3.4 ± 0.2 Pas for 50 Hz, respectively (P ≤ 0.01). The intraindividual range of shear modulus data was 1.01–1.31 kPa (25 Hz) and 1.33–1.77 kPa (50 Hz). The observed modulus dispersion indicates a limited applicability of Voigt's model to explain viscoelastic behavior of brain parenchyma within the applied frequency range. The narrow distribution of data within small confidence intervals demonstrates excellent reproducibility of the experimental protocol. The results are necessary as reference data for future comparisons between healthy and pathological human brain viscoelastic data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schmorl's nodes: clinical significance and implications for the bioarchaeological record
Authors: Faccia K. J. , Williams R. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBack pain is one of the major contributors to disability and loss of productivity in modern populations. However, osteological correlates of back pain are often absent or, as yet, unidentified. As bioarchaeologists depend on osteological evidence to interpret quality of life in the past, back pain, with its profound effects on modern populations, is largely overlooked in archaeological samples. This study addresses this shortcoming in bioarchaeological analysis by exploring the relationship between a defined vertebral osteological lesion, the Schmorl's node, and its effect on quality of life in a clinical population. Using patient insight, healthcare practitioner diagnoses and MR imaging analyses, this study investigates: (1) Schmorl's nodes and sociodemographic factors; (2) the number, location and quantitative aspects (e.g. length, depth, area) of Schmorl's nodes, and how these influence the reporting of pain; (3) the dynamic effects of Schmorl's nodes, in combination with other variables, in the reporting of pain; and (4) the perception and impact of pain that patients attribute to Schmorl's nodes with regard to quality‐of‐life issues. The results of this study indicate that Schmorl's nodes located in the central portion of the vertebral body are significantly associated with patient reporting of pain, and that the presence of osteophytes, in the affected vertebral region, may increase the likelihood that an individual will report pain. This finding provides bioarchaeologists with an osteological correlate to begin interpreting the presence and impact of pain in archaeological populations, with implications for scoring Schmorl's nodes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro amplification and detection of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease PrPSc
Authors: Jones M , Peden AH , Prowse CV , Gröner A , Manson JC , Turner ML , Ironside JW , MacGregor IR , Head MW 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVariant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) poses a serious risk of secondary transmission and the need to detect infectivity in asymptomatic individuals is therefore of major importance. Following infection, it is assumed that minute amounts of disease‐associated prion protein (PrPSc) replicate by conversion of the host cellular prion protein (PrPC). Therefore, methods of rapidly reproducing this conversion process in vitro would be valuable tools in the development of such tests. We show that one such technique, protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), can amplify vCJD PrPSc from human brain tissue, and that the degree of amplification is dependent upon the substrate PRNP codon 129 polymorphism. Both human platelets and transgenic mouse brain are shown to be suitable alternative substrate sources, and amplified PrPSc can be detected using a conformation‐dependent immunoassay (CDI), allowing the detection of putative proteinase K sensitive forms of PrPSc. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A starlike amphiphilic graft copolymer with hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbones and hydrophobic polystyrene side chains
Authors: Peng Dan , Feng Chun , Lu Guolin , Zhang Sen , Zhang Xiaohuan , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA well‐defined starlike amphiphilic graft copolymer bearing hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbones and hydrophobic polystyrene side chains was synthesized by successive atom transfer radical polymerization followed by the hydrolysis of poly‐(methoxymethyl acrylate) backbone. A grafting‐from strategy was employed for the synthesis of a graft copolymer with narrow molecular weight distribution. Hydrophobic polystyrene side chains were connected to the backbones through stable CC bonds. The poly(methoxymethyl acrylate) backbones can be easily hydrolyzed with HCl without affecting the hydrophobic polystyrene side chains. This kind of amphiphilic graft copolymer can form stable sphere micelles in water. The sizes of the micelles were dependent on the ionic strength and pH value. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3687–3697, 2007
Screening for mental disorders in laryngeal cancer patients: a comparison of 6 methods
Authors: Singer Susanne , Danker Helge , Dietz Andreas , Hornemann Beate , Koscielny Sven , Oeken Jens , Matthäus Christoph , Vogel Hans‐Joachim , Krauß Oliver 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine how accurate mental distress screening instruments are in identifying psychological sequelae in ambulatory laryngeal cancer patients who have undergone surgery.Methods: Two‐hundred and fifty subjects were tested for mental disorders according to the guidelines defined in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Psychological Illnesses, Version 4. Screening instruments tested were: the ‘Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’ (HADS), the subscale ‘Emotional Functioning’ of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30), the ‘Hornheider Fragebogen’ (HFB), and a single‐item visual analogues scale (VAS). Accuracy was assessed by calculating the sensitivity rates, specificity rates, and areas under the curve from the receiver operating characteristic curves.Results: The relative frequency of mental disorders was 19.8%. All of the screening instruments tested were found to be highly accurate. The best levels of sensitivity and specificity were associated with the total score of the HADS.Conclusions: These results confirm that a significant minority of laryngeal cancer patients suffer from severe mental distress, and that accurate screening for clinically significant mental disorders is possible using any of the instruments evaluated here. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer families with children: factors associated with family functioning—a comparative study in Finland
Authors: Schmitt F. , Santalahti P. , Saarelainen S. , Savonlahti E. , Romer G. , Piha J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: The objective is to examine the factors associated with family functioning in families with children where a parent has cancer in comparison to families without cancer.Sample and methods: Eighty‐five families including 85 cancer patients, 61 healthy spouses and 68 children between 11 and 17 years of age, and a control group of 59 families including 105 adults and 65 children were given a set of questionnaires including a background variable questionnaire, the Family Assessment Device, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Sense of Coherence (SOC). A statistical multilevel model allowing the use of data from several informants belonging to the same family was constructed for the analysis of associations between variables.Results: Maternal depression and SOC of family members were associated with family functioning; maternal depression impaired family functioning and family members' SOC improved it. No difference was found between the clinical group and the control group.Conclusion: In clinical work with cancer families with children, maternal depression and SOC should be focused on. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative EDX microanalysis of Bi2Te3 in the TEM
Authors: Peranio N. , Eibl O. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractQuantitative chemical analysis by energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX) in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) Zeiss912Ω was applied to p‐type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 and n‐type Bi2(Te,Se)3 thermoelectric materials. Preliminary results yielded artifacts due to Bi spurious X‐rays and hole‐counts significantly beyond zero. A stray aperture was inserted in the TEM to absorb the stray radiation. With this aperture inserted a high‐accuracy quantitative chemical analysis was established. The hole‐counts decreased by a factor of 5 and the scatter of data decreased by a factor of 4 with respect to no aperture inserted. The mole fractions of Te and Se were 54.4 at% and 5.5 at% and varied by 0.5 at% for n‐type material. A similar behaviour was found for Sb and Bi in p‐type material. The variation in stoichiometry is smaller on the sub‐micrometer scale and increases with increasing length scale for both, n‐type and p‐type Bi2Te3. Measurements in the TEM confirmed the inhomogeneous chemical composition found by wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. The improved accuracy of the quantitative EDX analysis is also important for other compounds with unique physical properties. This was demonstrated on thin foils containing heavy elements and on powders of light elements dispersed on Cu‐grids, i.e., the high‐TC superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 and the mineral salt hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6OH2. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of ZnO nanorods for evanescent field optical sensors
Authors: Börner Sandra , Rüter Christian E. , Voss Tobias , Kip Detlef , Schade Wolfgang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe optical wave guiding properties of ZnO nanorods are simulated and studied in detail using a block‐iterative frequency‐domain method and the results of a finite difference method as reference data. The simulations are performed for different wavelengths in the infrared spectral region that are related to specific gas absorption lines. Here both single ZnO nanorods and nanorod arrays with varying period lengths are investigated. The evanescent field distributions and penetration depths into the surrounding media are analyzed and compared as a function of wavelength and rod diameter. Our results give a general overview on the size range where ZnO nanorods may be used for evanescent field interaction based sensors for the detection of gas molecules like CO, CO2 or O2. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Innovation and operation with robotized underwater systems
Authors: Rigaud Vincent 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper reports on the status and design of the operational remotely operated vehicle “Victor 6000”, rated for 6000 m depth and of the 3000 m depth autonomous underwater vehicle “Asterxx” operated by Ifremer the French Institute for Sea Exploitation. Victor 6000 is part of a global system built of subsystems, “scientific modules,” winch and cable, dead weight and umbilical, positioning subsystem using acoustic ultra short base line (USBL) techniques, and software for data and dive management. In 2005 the system was equipped with a second toolsled dedicated to high resolution mapping of the sea bed, with both acoustical and optical devices. Asterxx, the first autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) developed by IFREMER, is 4.5 m in length with a diameter of 0.69 m. Depending on the payload, its weight is between 600 and 800 kg in air,with a diving depth of 3000 m. Its cruising speed is between 0.5 and 2.5 ms. The AUV is capable of carrying various payloads for a wide spectrum of applications. The vehicle can cruise up to 100 km. For coastal applications this vehicle is operable by a limited crew potentially from a nonspecialized vessel. Both vehicles are used for oceanography as well as to continually evolve underwater systems to address new scientific challenges. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An introduction to testing techniques in the intelsat TDMA/DSI system
Authors: Colby R. J. , Parthasarathy R. , Prouse D. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe INTELSAT TDMA/DSI System is a complex, centrally‐controlled communications system, the performance of which will depend to some extent on the effectiveness of the alignment, maintenance and testing procedures. However, the wide range of disciplines encountered in the system mean staff currently familiar with the existing FDMA network may have difficulty with these new and unfamiliar fields. The purpose of this series of four papers is to provide an understanding of the necessity for, and operation of, the SSOG test procedures for the INTELSAT TDMA/DSI system. In this first part, the overall system and its testing requirements will be discussed as a foundation for a discussion of the SSOG tests in Part 2.