bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved survival in COVID‐19 related sepsis and ARDS treated with a unique “triple therapy” including therapeutic plasma exchange: A single center retrospective analysis
Authors: Keith Philip , Bohn Rebecca Inez Caldino , Nguyen Trung , Scott L. Keith , Richmond Monty , Day Matthew , Choe Carol , Perkins Linda , Burnside Rebecca , Pyke Richard , Rikard Ben , Guffey Amanda , Saini Arun , Park H. J. , Carcillo Joseph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThroughout the COVID‐19 pandemic, the mortality of critically ill patients remained high. Our group developed a treatment regimen targeting sepsis and ARDS which we labeled “triple therapy” consisting of (1) corticosteroids, (2) therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), and (3) timely intubation with lung protective ventilation. Our propensity analysis assesses the impact of triple therapy on survival in COVID‐19 patients with sepsis and ARDS.MethodsRetrospective propensity analysis comparing triple therapy to no triple therapy in adult critically ill COVID‐19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at Lexington Medical Center from 1 March 2020 through 31 October 2021.ResultsEight hundred and fifty‐one patients were admitted with COVID‐19 and 53 clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed. Multivariable analysis revealed that triple therapy was associated with increased survival (OR: 1.91; P = .008). Two propensity score‐adjusted models demonstrated an increased likelihood of survival in patients receiving triple therapy. Patients with thrombocytopenia were among those most likely to experience increased survival if they received early triple therapy. Decreased survival was observed with endotracheal intubation ≥7 days from hospital admission (P < .001) and there was a trend toward decreased survival if TPE was initiated ≥6 days from hospital admission (P = .091).ConclusionOur analysis shows that early triple therapy, defined as high‐dose methylprednisolone, TPE, and timely invasive mechanical ventilation within the first 96 hours of admission, may improve survival in critically ill septic patients with ARDS secondary to COVID‐19 infection. Further studies are needed to define specific phenotypes and characteristics that will identify those patients most likely to benefit.
Social anxiety of the citizens of Kazakhstan: The dynamics of change and its impact on public consciousness
Authors: Duisenova Indira , Mukazhanova Almira , Simtikov Zhomart , Abishev Maidan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to analyze the factors associated with the formation of social anxiety and to explore trends in their impact on society in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors have used comparative, descriptive, and deductive methods to achieve the research goals. The results of the study determined that anxiety phenomena have become increasingly common over time and social anxiety is one of the most dangerous due to its degree of limitation. The vast majority of people experience some form of social anxiety, which occurs when distorted reality intervenes and certain moments signalize as dangerous. As a product of individual experience and sociopolitical construct, fear becomes the element organizing the state order. The social aspects are notably relevant to the process when the common sense of public consciousness puts security in the foreground as a matter of the greatest importance and urgency.
Aluminum exposure alters the pedal mucous secretions of the chocolate‐band snail, Eobania vermiculata (Gastropoda: Helicidae)
Authors: Guglielmi Marco Vito , Mastrodonato Maria , Semeraro Daniela , Mentino Donatella , Capriello Teresa , La Pietra Alessandra , Giarra Antonella , Scillitani Giovanni , Ferrandino Ida 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAluminum (Al) is used in everyday life and present in food drugs, packaging, industry, and agriculture. Although it is the most common metal in the Earth crust, a correlation has been demonstrated between its presence and various pathologies, even serious ones, especially of a neurological type. However, there is a histological gap regarding the role Al can have in contact with the covering and secreting epithelia. The alterations of the ventral and dorsal foot mucocytes and their secretions of the snail Eobania vermiculata caused by Al were investigated in situ by histochemical and lectin‐histochemical techniques. Administration to different experimental groups took place for 3 and 9 days with 50 and 200 μM of AlCl3. Several types of mucocytes were detected with a prevalent secretion of acid glycans in the foot of E. vermiculata. Sulfated glycans prevail in the dorsal region, with one type showing only fucosylated residues and another also having galactosaminylated and glycosaminylated residues. Carboxylated glycans prevail in the ventral region, with presence of galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals in both cells. Snails treated presented a general decrease of mucin amount in the secreting cells and affected the mucus composition. These changes could alter the rheological and functional properties of the mucus with possible implications for the health of the treated animals.Research Highlights
Snails were fed with Al‐contaminated lettuce at different concentrations.
In the foot mucocytes produced mucus with prevailing acidic glycans.
In the treated resulted a reduction in the amount of mucus and an alteration of glycan composition.
Diurnal variation in short‐ and long‐duration precipitation within the Dabie Mountain region in Central China
Authors: Li Chao , Cui Chunguang , Jiang Xingwen , Wang Xiaofang , Fu Shenming , Cui Wenjun , Berrington Andrew H. , Sun Jing , Liu Peiting 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiurnal variation in regional precipitation in Central and East China has been broadly identified in previous study. This study focused on clarifying not only the differences in the diurnal variation concerning the local precipitation occurred in the Dabie Mountain (DBM) region and the regional precipitation occurred through the middle‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, but also the association mechanism between diurnal variation in local precipitation with differing duration and diurnal modulation of ambient circulations driven by large‐scale background synoptic force or local‐scale orographic force of the DBM. It was found that cases of short duration precipitation (SDP, duration <6 h) and cases of long duration precipitation (LDP, duration ≥6 h) exhibit vastly different patterns of diurnal variations. Further investigation revealed that the primary pattern of the ambient circulation responsible for SDP and LDP is the recycling transformation between a closed cyclonic circulation to a cyclonic wind shear, and the recycling movement of a closed cyclonic circulation in the lower troposphere respectively. Although the diurnal variation in LDP exhibited greater orographic regional differences between the west slope (WS) region and the east slope (ES) region in comparison with that of SDP, topographical sensitivity experiments of the DBM and detailed analysis of background synoptic systems associated with LDP indicated that this regional orographic difference shows closer association with eastward propagation of background synoptic systems than orographic effects of the DBM. Respective strengthening of upward vertical motion at different levels of the troposphere during diurnal variation in SDP and LDP cases provide substantial evidences to reconfirm the close association with orographic force in lower the troposphere for SDP cases and background synoptic force in middle troposphere for LDP cases. Further quantitative diagnosis also confirmed that the orographic effects of the DBM is conducive to cause marked differences in the diurnal variation in SDP cases between the WS region and the ES region via adjustment of the upslope wind over the former and the circumventing wind over the latter.
Using algorithms to improve knowledge work
Authors: Amaya Javier , Holweg Matthias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe explore how organizations leverage algorithms to improve knowledge work in contexts where the tasks require skilled work, as distinct from routine tasks that have traditionally been the focus of academic enquiry. Drawing on a multiple‐case study of four business areas in a multinational energy firm undergoing a digital transformation, we find that contrary to what the literature predicts, tasks that require skilled work can also benefit from the adoption of algorithmic solutions. To benefit, business areas engaged in two distinct pathways for transforming knowledge work. The first focuses on automating a specific task, replacing human activity with algorithms in a single task. The second involves re‐engineering an entire process, whereby sequences of steps adjacent to the task at hand are redesigned on integration of an algorithm. We find that these pathways have different effects on the ability to improve knowledge work, suggesting that alignment between the task and the pathway chosen is crucial to realizing any improvement. We also find that the ability to sustain any improvement depends on the adjustment of the knowledge regime—the practices and structures that sanction knowledge. Building on these findings, we propose a general process model for the adoption of algorithmic solutions in knowledge work. In the wider context of the future of work debate, our findings challenge the prevailing notion that a task's skill requirements determine the extent to which knowledge work can be improved by algorithmic solutions.
High‐pressure and high‐temperature Raman spectroscopic study of zircon as a pressure scale in hydrothermal DACs
Authors: Takahashi Naoko , Kobayashi Hiroki , Kagi Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRaman spectra of zircon have recently been used as a pressure scale for studies of geological fluids at high temperatures and high pressures using diamond anvil cells (DACs). The zircon scale is advantageous in high chemical stability and the large pressure response of the B1g mode. Despite its excellent applicability, the calibration of the scale has been carried out only in a narrow pressure–temperature range, especially under limited high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions. In this study, the pressure and temperature dependence of the Raman modes of synthetic zircon was investigated up to 9.5 GPa and from room temperature to 776 K using an externally heated diamond anvil cell. Ruby and gold were used as the reference pressure scales. The Raman shift of the B1g mode for the antisymmetric stretching of the SiO4 structure in zircon showed a linear pressure dependence of 5.48(4) cm−1/GPa up to 8 GPa at room temperature, in agreement with the previous studies. Measurements under high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions confirmed that the pressure dependence up to 9.5 GPa along the isotherms from 373 to 675 K was consistent with the room‐temperature value; the wavenumbers can be well deduced from the sum of the individual effects of pressure and temperature, obtained at ambient temperature and pressure, respectively. A comparison of the zircon scale with the c‐BN Raman spectroscopic scale confirmed that the pressures determined with these scales were in reasonable agreement. The present results provide a confident use of the zircon Raman spectroscopic scale in a wider pressure–temperature range than previous studies for the internally consistent pressure determination.
The prophylaxis functions of Lactobacillus fermentumGLF‐217 and Lactobacillus plantarumFLP‐215 on ulcerative colitis via modulating gut microbiota of mice
Authors: Li Ao , Liu Aijie , Wang Jun , Song Hainan , Luo Pengfei , Zhan Meng , Zhou Xiaoli , Chen Lihao , Zhang Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe strong connection between gut microbes and human health has been confirmed by an increasing number of studies. Although probiotics have been found to relieve ulcerative colitis, the mechanism varies by the species involved. In this study, the physiological, immune and pathological factors of mice were measured and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms in preventing ulcerative colitis.ResultsThe results demonstrated that ingestion of Lactobacillus fermentum GLF‐217 and Lactobacillus plantarum FLP‐215 significantly alleviated ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), as evidenced by the increase in body weight, food intake, water intake and colon length as well as the decrease in disease activity index, histopathological score and inflammatory factor. Both strains not only improved intestinal mucosa by increasing mucin‐2 and zonula occludens‐1, but also improved the immune system response by elevating interleukin‐10 levels and decreasing the levels of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ. Moreover, L. fermentum GLF‐217 and L. plantarum FLP‐215 play a role in preventing DSS‐induced colitis by regulating the structure of gut microbiota and promoting the formation of short‐chain fatty acids.ConclusionsThis study may provide a reference for the prevention strategy of ulcerative colitis. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A comparative study on flaxseed lignan biotransformation through resting cell catalysis and microbial fermentation by β‐glucosidase production Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Authors: Feng Chengcheng , Wu You , Cai Zizhe , Song Ziliang , Shim Youn Young , Reaney Martin J.T. , Wang Yong , Zhang Ning 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlax lignan has attracted much attention because of its potential bioactivities. However, the bioavailability of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the main lignan in flaxseed, depends on the bioconversion by the colon bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with β‐glucosidase activity has found wide application in preparing bioactive aglycone.RESULTSLAB strains with good β‐glucosidase activity were isolated from fermented tofu. Their bioconversion of flax lignan extract was investigated by resting cell catalysis and microbial fermentation, and the metabolism of SDG by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C5 following fermentation was characterized by widely targeted metabolomics. Five L. plantarum strains producing β‐glucosidase with broad substrate specificity were isolated and identified, and they all can transform SDG into secoisolariciresinol (SECO). L. plantarum C5 resting cell reached a maximum SDG conversion of 49.19 ± 3.75%, and SECO generation of 21.49 ± 1.32% (0.215 ± 0.013 mm) at an SDG substrate concentration of 1 mM and 0.477 ± 0.003 mm SECO was produced at 4 mm within 24 h. Although sixteen flax lignan metabolites were identified following the fermentation of SDG extract by L. plantarum C5, among them, four were produced following the fermentation: SECO, demethyl‐SECO, demethyl‐dehydroxy‐SECO and isolariciresinol. Moreover, seven lignans increased significantly.CONCLUSIONFermentation significantly increased the profile and level of flax lignan metabolites, and the resting cell catalysis benefits from higher bioconversion efficiency and more straightforward product separation. Resting cell catalysis and microbial fermentation of flax lignan extract by the isolated β‐glucosidase production L. plantarum could be potentially applied in preparing flax lignan ingredients and fermented flaxseed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Yellow leaf green tea modulates the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathway and gut microbiota in high‐fat diet‐induced mice to alleviate obesity
Authors: Tian Baoming , Pan Yizhu , Zhou Xue , Jiang Yuezhi , Zhang Xiangchun , Luo Xudong , Yang Kai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDYellow leaf green tea (YLGT) is a new variety of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze, which has yellow leaves and the unique qualities of ‘three green through three yellow’. The present study aimed to investigate the anti‐obesity effect of YLGT in mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and to explore the potential mechanisms by regulating the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathways and gut microbiota.RESULTSThe results showed that YLGT aqueous extract reduced body weight, hepatic inflammation, fat accumulation and hyperlipidemia in HFD‐induced C57BL/6J mice, and also accelerated energy metabolism, reduced fat synthesis and suppressed obesity by activating the AMPK/CPT‐1α signaling pathway and inhibiting the FAS/ACC/SREBP‐1c signaling pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiment further confirmed that the alteration of gut microbiota (e.g. increasing unclassified_Muribaculaceae and decreasing Colidextribacter) might be an important cause of YLGT water extract inhibiting obesity.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, YLGT has a broad application prospect in the treatment of obesity and the development of anti‐obesity function beverages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pharmacokinetics of four tannin compounds from Sanguisorba officinalis L. before and after processing by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wei Yuxin , Yang Chunjuan , Jiang Shuang , Wang Zhibin 
Published: February 2024

Sanguisorba officinalis L. possesses detoxifying, analgesic, and hemostatic properties. After charred processing, S. officinalis exhibits significantly enhanced medicinal effects. Currently, most pharmacokinetic studies focus on the chemical constituents of unprocessed S. officinalis. There is limited research on the comparison of chemical constituents before and after processing. This study established a pharmacokinetic method using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy (UHPLC‐MS/MS) to simultaneously determine the levels of four tannin compounds in rat plasma. In negative ion mode, MS/MS detection was performed using an electrospray ionization source. Chromatographic separation was performed using WATERS ACQUITY HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 µm) with a gradient elution of water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The pharmacokinetic results indicate that all four compounds reached peak concentrations within 2 h, demonstrating rapid absorption into the bloodstream within the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, the absorption was generally faster in the charred compound of S. officinalis after processing. These four compounds exhibited slower elimination in rat plasma, while in S. officinalis charcoal, the compounds were eliminated more rapidly. The pharmacokinetic results have revealed the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the four analytes in rat plasma which provides valuable reference information for further investigating the in vivo absorption process of S. officinalis after processing.
Cranial Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound for Neonatal Providers
Authors: Kolnik Sarah E. , Sahota Annika , Wood Thomas R. , German Kendell , Puia‐Dumitrescu Mihai , Mietzsch Ulrike , Dighe Manjiri , Law Janessa B. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveDespite strong evidence for its utility in clinical management and diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), the use of neonatal cranial point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has not been standardized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of training NICU providers to perform cranial POCUS by tracking the quality of image acquisition following training.MethodsObservational single‐center cohort study of cranial POCUS images obtained by trained neonatal practitioners (attendings, fellows, and advanced practice providers) using a protocol developed by a radiologist and neonatologist. Exams were performed on infants born ≤1250 g and/or ≤30 weeks gestation within the first 3 days after birth. A survey to assess attitudes regarding cranial POCUS was given before each of three training sessions. Demographic and clinical data collection were portrayed with descriptive statistics. Metrics of image quality were assessed by a radiologist and sonographer independently. Analysis of trends in quality of POCUS images over time was performed using a multinomial Cochran‐Armitage test.ResultsEighty‐two cranial POCUS scans were performed over a 2‐year period. Infant median age at exam was 14 hours (IQR 7–22 hours). Metrics of image quality depicted quarterly demonstrated a significant improvement in depth (P = .01), gain (P = .048), and quality of anatomy images captured (P < .001) over time. Providers perceived increased utility and safety of cranial POCUS over time.ConclusionCranial POCUS image acquisition improved significantly following care team training, which may enable providers to diagnose ICH at the bedside.
Inauthentic inclusion: Exploring how intention to use AI‐generated diverse models can backfire
Authors: Sands Sean , Demsar Vlad , Ferraro Carla , Campbell Colin , Cohen Justin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRapid advances in AI technology have important implications for, and effects on, brands and advertisers. Increasingly, brands are creating digital models to showcase clothing and accessories in a similar way to human models, with AI used to customize various body types, ages, sizes, and skin tones. However, little is known about how the underrepresented consumers respond to a brand's intention to use AI‐generated models to represent them. We explore this by conducting four studies. We find evidence that a brand's intention to use AI‐generated (vs. human) models negatively affects brand attitude (study 1). We further investigate this effect using two different underrepresented consumer groups: LGBTQIA+ consumers (study 2) and consumers with disabilities (study 3). We show the effect to be serially mediated by consumers' perception of greater threat to their self‐identity and a lower sense of belonging, subsequently having a negative effect on brand attitude. Finally, we show that the perception of a brand's motivation for representing diverse consumer groups can attenuate these negative effects (study 4). Specifically, when consumers believe a brand is intrinsically motivated to use AI‐generated diversity representations, they report a significantly lower social identity threat which in turn is associated with a significantly higher sense of belonging to the brand. Our research findings suggest that a brand's well‐meaning intentions to represent diversity can in fact have negative effects on the very consumers whom a brand is trying to attract. While catering to diversity is of critical importance, our results indicate that brand managers should exercise caution when using AI to appeal to diverse groups of potential consumers.
Access to 2,4‐Disubstituted Pyrrole‐Based Polymer with Long‐Wavelength and Stimuli‐Responsive Properties via Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2] Polycycloaddition
Authors: Wang Lingna , Zhang Jianbo , Li Chunmei , Dang Wanbin , Guo Wei , Xie Junjian , Zhou Fengtao , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPyrrole‐based polymers (PBPs), a type of fascinating functional polymers, play a crucial role in materials science. However, efficient synthetic strategies of PBPs with diverse structures are mainly focused on conjugated polypyrroles and still remain challenging. Herein, an atom and step economy protocol is described to access various 2,4‐disubstituted PBPs by in situ formation of pyrrole core structure via copper‐catalyzed [3+2] polycycloaddition of dialkynones and diisocyanoacetates. A series of PBPs is prepared with high molecular weight (Mw up to 18 200 Da) and moderate to good yield (up to 87%), which possesses a fluorescent emission located in the green to yellow light region. Blending the PBPs with polyvinyl alcohol, the stretchable composite films exhibit a significant strengthening of the mechanical properties (tensile stress up to 59 MPa, elongation at break >400%) and an unprecedented stress‐responsive luminescence enhancement that over fourfold fluorescent emission intensity is maintained upon stretching up to 100%. On the basis of computational studies, the unique photophysical and mechanical properties are attributed to the substitution of carbonyl chromophores on the pyrrole unit.