bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tenotomy versus Tenodesis in the Management of Pathologic Lesions of the Tendon of the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii
Authors: Frost Andrew , Zafar Mohammed Saqib , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: September 2008

Background Primary and secondary lesions of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii are common, with no clear consensus about their optimal management. Hypothesis There is no difference in outcomes of tenotomy and tenodesis for lesions of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii. Study Design We performed a comprehensive quantitative review of the published English-language literature comparing the outcomes of tenotony and tenodesis for lesions of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii. Methods All relevant articles in peer-reviewed journals were retrieved, and each article was scored using the Coleman Methodology Score, a highly repeatable methodology score, by 2 independent reviewers. Results Scores were predominantly low for quality of the studies, with patient number and validated outcome measures being the weakest areas. Conclusion There is a lack of quality evidence to advocate one technique over the other. We emphasize the need for appropriately powered, well-conducted, randomized, controlled trials comparing the outcomes of these 2 procedures. There is little difference in the outcome of tenotomy compared with tenodesis. Tenotomy is easy and quick, with less need for postoperative rehabilitation. We therefore suggest that biceps tenotomy be the preferred method. Clinical Relevance Biceps pathologic lesions are common. There is no evidence base for their most appropriate management.
The Anatomic Reconstruction of Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations Using 2 TightRope Devices
Authors: Walz Lars , Salzmann Gian M. , Fabbro Thomas , Eichhorn Stefan , Imhoff Andreas B. 
Published: September 2008

Background For the reconstruction of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation, several operative procedures have been described; however, the anatomic reconstruction of both coracoclavicular ligaments has rarely been reported. Purpose The aim of this biomechanical study is to describe a new procedure for anatomic reconstruction of the AC joint. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Materials and Methods Forty fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested. Cyclic loading and a load-to-failure protocol was performed in vertical (native, n = 10; reconstructed, n = 10) and anterior directions (native, n = 10; reconstructed, n = 10) on 20 AC joints and repeated after anatomic reconstruction. Reconstruction of conoid and trapezoid ligaments was achieved by 2 TightRope devices (Arthrex, Naples, Florida). Dynamic, cyclic, and static loading until failure in vertical (n = 5) and horizontal (n = 5) directions were tested in native as well as reconstructed joints in a standardized setting. Results The native coracoclavicular ligaments in static load for vertical force measured 598 N (range, 409–687), elongation 10 mm (range, 6–14), and stiffness 99 N/mm (range, 67–130); static load for anterior force was 338 N (range, 186–561), elongation 4 mm (range, 3–7), and stiffness 140 N/mm (range, 70–210). The mean maximum static load until failure in reconstruction for vertical force was 982 N (range, 584–1330) ( P = .001), elongation 4 mm (range, 3–6) ( P < .001), and stiffness 80 N/mm (range, 66.6–105) ( P = .091); and for anterior static force 627 N (range, 364–973) ( P < .001), elongation 6.5 mm (range, 4–10) ( P = .023), and stiffness 78 N/mm (range, 46–120) ( P = .009). During dynamic testing of the native coracoclavicular ligaments, the mean amount of repetitions (100 repetitions per stage, stage 0–100 N, 100–200 N, 200–300 N, etc, and a frequency of 1.5 Hz) in native vertical direction was 593 repetitions (range, 426–683) and an average of 552 N (range, 452–683) load until failure. In vertical reconstructed testing, there were 742 repetitions (range, 488–893) ( P = .222; with a load until failure of 768 N (range, 486–900) ( P = .095). In the anterior direction load, the native ligament failed after an average of 365 repetitions (range, 330–475) and an average load of 360 N (range, 307–411), while reconstructed joints ended in 549 repetitions (range, 498–566) (P = .008J with a load until failure of 547 N (range, 490–585) ( P = .008). In all testing procedures, a preload of 5 N was performed. Conclusion The anatomic reconstruction of the AC joint using TightRope is a stable and functional anatomic reconstruction procedure. The reconstruction technique led to favorable in vitro results with equal or even higher forces than native ligaments. Clinical Relevance Through anatomic repair, stable function of the AC joint can be achieved in an anatomic manner.
The Epidemiology of US High School Basketball Injuries, 2005–2007
Authors: Borowski Laurel A. , Yard Ellen E. , Fields Sarah K. , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: September 2008

Background With more than a million high school athletes playing during the 2006–2007 academic year, basketball is one of the most popular sports in the United States. Hypothesis Basketball injury rates and patterns differ by gender and type of exposure. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Basketball-related injury data were collected during the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 academic years from 100 nationally representative US high schools via Reporting Information Online. Results High school basketball players sustained 1518 injuries during 780 651 athlete exposures for an injury rate of 1.94 per 1000 athlete exposures. The injury rate per 1000 athlete exposures was greater during competition (3.27) than during practice (1.40; rate ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 2.10–2.57) and was greater among girls (2.08) than among boys (1.83; rate ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.26). The ankle/foot (39.7%), knee (14.7%), head/face/neck (13.6%), arm/hand (9.6%), and hip/thigh/upper leg (8.4%) were most commonly injured. The most frequent injury diagnoses were ligament sprains (44.0%), muscle/tendon strains (17.7%), contusions (8.6%), fractures (8.5%), and concussions (7.0%). Female basketball players sustained a greater proportion of concussions (injury proportion ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.49–3.91) and knee injuries (injury proportion ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.30), whereas boys more frequently sustained fractures (injury proportion ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.77) and contusions (injury proportion ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.31). The most common girls’ injury requiring surgery was knee ligament sprains (47.9%). Conclusion High school basketball injury patterns vary by gender and type of exposure. This study suggests several areas of emphasis for targeted injury prevention interventions.
Arthroscopic Surgery for Primary Traumatic Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Sillanpää Petri J. , Mäenpää Heikki M. , Mattila Ville M. , Visuri Tuomo , Pihlajamäki Harri 
Published: September 2008

Background No data exist whether patients with primary traumatic patellar dislocation benefit from initial arthroscopic medial repair surgery. Purpose To compare long-term outcomes of patients treated with acute arthroscopic stabilization for patellar dislocation with those treated nonoperatively except for removal of loose bodies. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods The study group included 76 consecutive military recruits (72 men, 4 women), with a median age of 20 years (range, 19–22) at the time of dislocation. Thirty patients (group 1) underwent initial arthroscopic medial retinacular repair, and 46 patients (group 2) were treated without stabilizing surgery, including 11 who had osteochondral fragments arthroscopically removed. Patients with previous patellar dislocations or instability were excluded. Aftercare was identical in both groups. Redislocations, subjective symptoms, and functional limitations were evaluated after a median 7-year follow-up. Results Sixty-one (80%) patients participated in a follow-up examination. At final follow-up, 8 (23%) redislocations occurred in group 2 and 5 (19%) in group 1 ( P = .84). Eight (23%) patients in group 2 and 3 (12%) in group 1 reported patellar subluxations ( P = .18). In group 1, 81% regained their preinjury activity level compared with 56% in group 2 ( P = .05). Functional outcomes were good in both groups (Kujala scores: 87 for group 1 and 90 for group 2) ( P = .22). Regarding the presence of osteoarthritic characteristics in the patellofemoral joint, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Conclusions Initial arthroscopic medial retinacular repair was not followed by improved patellar stability nor reduced incidence of redislocations compared with nonoperative (except for removal of loose bodies) treatment. Acute arthroscopic medial retinacular repair allowed patients to better regain preinjury activity level than in patients not undergoing retinacular repair. The decision to stabilize the patella by initial arthroscopic surgery should be made with caution.
Tibial Fixation of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafts in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zheng Naiquan , Price Chad T. , Indelicato Peter A. , Gao Bo 
Published: September 2008

Background The use of interference screw fixation for bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts in anterior cruciate ligament fixation is well established. No previous study has compared bovine bone screws and biodegradable interference screws or demonstrated their efficacy for requirements associated with early rehabilitation. Hypothesis There is no difference in tension loss and pull-out strength between bovine bone screws and biodegradable interference screws. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts were performed in 40 human tibiae from 20 donors. A bovine bone screw and a polylevolactide interference screw were used for tibial fixation in each pair. A cyclic testing protocol with varying magnitude and orientation of the graft loading was developed. Cyclic tests were performed at 1 Hz for 5000 cycles with a peak force of 200 N applied to the graft. Survival rate and postcyclic-test pull-out strength were compared. Results Fifteen of 20 reconstructions fixed with bovine bone screws and 17 of 20 fixed with biodegradable screws reached 5000 cycles. Graft tension drop after the 5000 cycles averaged 19.7 N (±12.9) for bovine bone screws and 18.9 N (±16.3) for biodegradable screws. There were no significant differences in tension loss and pull-out strength between the 2 types of screws. Conclusion Bovine bone screws are comparable to biodegradable interference screws in providing stable tibial fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. Clinical Relevance The use of bovine bone screws may be comparable to the popular biodegradable interference screws used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in postsurgery rehabilitation.
Geldanamycin-induced Lyn dissociation from aberrant Hsp90-stabilized cytosolic complex is an early event in apoptotic mechanisms in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Trentin Livio , Frasson Martina , Donella-Deana Arianna , Frezzato Federica , Pagano Mario A. , Tibaldi Elena , Gattazzo Cristina , Zambello Renato , Semenzato Gianpietro , Brunati Anna M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLyn, a tyrosine kinase belonging to the Src family, plays a key role as a switch molecule that couples the B-cell receptor to downstream signaling. In B-CLL cells, Lyn is overexpressed, anomalously present in the cytosol, and displays a high constitutive activity, compared with normal B lymphocytes. The aim of this work was to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these aberrant properties of Lyn, which have already been demonstrated to be related to defective apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. Herein, Lyn is described to be in an active conformation as integral component of an aberrant cytosolic 600-kDa multiprotein complex in B-CLL cells, associated with several proteins, such as Hsp90 through its catalytic domain, and HS1 and SHP-1L through its SH3 domain. In particular, Hsp90 appears tightly bound to cytosolic Lyn (CL), thus stabilizing the aberrant complex and converting individual transient interactions into stable ones. We also demonstrate that treatment of B-CLL cells with geldanamycin, an Hsp90 inhibitor already reported to induce cell death, is capable of dissociating the CL complex in the early phases of apoptosis and thus inactivating CL itself. These data identify the CL complex as a potential target for therapy in B-CLL.
Expanded cells in monoclonal TCR-αβ+/CD4+/NKa+/CD8−/+dim T-LGL lymphocytosis recognize hCMV antigens
Authors: Rodríguez-Caballero Arancha , García-Montero Andrés C. , Bárcena Paloma , Almeida Julia , Ruiz-Cabello Francisco , Tabernero Maria Dolores , Garrido Pilar , Muñoz-Criado Santiago , Sandberg Yorick , Langerak Anton W. , González Marcos , Balanzategui Ana , Orfao Alberto 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRecent studies suggest the potential involvement of common antigenic stimuli on the ontogeny of monoclonal T-cell receptor (TCR)–αβ+/CD4+/NKa+/CD8−/+dim T-large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphocytosis. Because healthy persons show (oligo)clonal expansions of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV)–specific TCRVβ+/CD4+/cytotoxic/memory T cells, we investigate the potential involvement of hCMV in the origin and/or expansion of monoclonal CD4+ T-LGL. Peripheral blood samples from patients with monoclonal TCR-αβ+/CD4+ T-LGL lymphocytosis and other T-chronic lymphoproliferative disorders were evaluated for the specific functional response against hCMV and hEBV whole lysates as well as the “MQLIPDDYSNTHSTRYVTVK” hCMV peptide, which is specifically loaded in HLA-DRB1*0701 molecules. A detailed characterization of those genes that underwent changes in T-LGL cells responding to hCMV was performed by microarray gene expression profile analysis. Patients with TCR-αβ+/CD4+ T-LGL displayed a strong and characteristic hCMV-specific functional response, reproduced by the hCMV peptide in a subset of HLA-DRB1*0701+ patients bearing TCRVβ13.1+ clonal T cells. Gene expression profile showed that the hCMV-induced response affects genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses, cell cycle progression, resistance to apoptosis, and genetic instability. This is the first study providing evidence for the involvement of hCMV in the ontogeny of CD4+ T-LGL, emerging as a model disorder to determine the potential implications of quite a focused CD4+/cytotoxic immune response.
IL-3 induces a Pim1-dependent antiapoptotic pathway in primary human basophils
Authors: Didichenko Svetlana A. , Spiegl Nicole , Brunner Thomas , Dahinden Clemens A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe contribution of basophils in allergic disease and other Th2-type immune responses depends on their persistence at sites of inflammation, but the ligands and molecular pathways supporting basophil survival are largely unknown. The comparison of rates of apoptosis and of the expression of antiapoptotic proteins in different human granulocyte types revealed that basophils have a considerably longer spontaneous life span than neutrophils and eosinophils consistent with high levels of constitutive Bcl-2 expression. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is the only ligand that efficiently protects basophils from apoptosis as evidenced by screening a large number of stimuli. IL-3 up-regulates the expression of the antiapoptotic proteins cIAP2, Mcl-1, and Bcl-XL and induces a rapid and sustained de novo expression of the serine/threonine kinase Pim1 that closely correlates with cytokine-enhanced survival. Inhibitor studies and protein transduction of primary basophils using wild-type and kinase-dead Pim1-Tat fusion-proteins demonstrate the functional importance of Pim1 induction in the IL-3–enhanced survival. Our data further indicate that the antiapoptotic Pim1-mediated pathway operates independently of PI3-kinase but involves the activation of p38 MAPK. The induction of Pim1 leading to PI3-kinase–independent survival as described here for basophils may also be a relevant antiapoptotic mechanism in other terminally differentiated leukocyte types.
Pak1 regulates multiple c-Kit mediated Ras-MAPK gain-in-function phenotypes in Nf1+/− mast cells
Authors: McDaniel Andrew S. , Allen Jayme D. , Park Su-Jung , Jaffer Zahara M , Michels Elizabeth G. , Burgin Sarah J. , Chen Shi , Bessler Waylan K. , Hofmann Clemens , Ingram David A. , Chernoff Jonathan , Clapp D. Wade 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NF1 locus, which encodes neurofibromin, a negative regulator of Ras. Patients with NF1 develop numerous neurofibromas, which contain many inflammatory mast cells that contribute to tumor formation. Subsequent to c-Kit stimulation, signaling from Ras to Rac1/2 to the MAPK pathway appears to be responsible for multiple hyperactive mast cell phenotypes; however, the specific effectors that mediate these functions remain uncertain. p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) is a downstream mediator of Rac1/2 that has been implicated as a positive regulator of MAPK pathway members and is a modulator of cell growth and cytoskeletal dynamics. Using an intercross of Pak 1−/− mice with Nf1+/− mice, we determined that Pak1 regulates hyperactive Ras-dependent proliferation via a Pak1/Erk pathway, whereas a Pak1/p38 pathway is required for the increased migration in Nf1+/− mast cells. Furthermore, we confirmed that loss of Pak1 corrects the dermal accumulation of Nf1+/− mast cells in vivo to levels found in wild-type mice. Thus, Pak1 is a novel mast cell mediator that functions as a key node in the MAPK signaling network and potential therapeutic target in NF1 patients.
Prophylactic infusion of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes stimulated with Ad5f35pp65 gene-modified dendritic cells after allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Micklethwaite Kenneth P. , Clancy Leighton , Sandher Upinder , Hansen Anna M. , Blyth Emily , Antonenas Vicki , Sartor Mary M. , Bradstock Kenneth F. , Gottlieb David J. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and its therapy continue to contribute to morbidity and mortality in hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Many studies have demonstrated the feasibility of in vitro generation of CMV-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy of CMV. Few clinical trials have been performed showing the safety and efficacy of this approach in vivo. In this study, donor-derived, CMV-specific T cells were generated for 12 adult HSCT patients by stimulation with dendritic cells transduced with an adenoviral vector encoding the CMV-pp65 protein. Patients received a prophylactic infusion of T cells after day 28 after HSCT. There were no infusion related adverse events. CMV DNAemia was detected in 4 patients after infusion but was of low level. No patient required CMV-specific pharmacotherapy. Immune reconstitution to CMV was demonstrated by enzyme linked immunospot assay in all recipients with rapid increases in predominantly CMV-pp65 directed immunity in 5. Rates of graft-versus-host disease, infection, and death were not increased compared with expected. These results add to the growing evidence of the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy of CMV in HSCT, supporting its more widespread use. This study was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as #ACTRN12605000213640.
Impact of early dose intensity on cytogenetic and molecular responses in chronic- phase CML patients receiving 600 mg/day of imatinib as initial therapy
Authors: Hughes Timothy P. , Branford Susan , White Deborah L. , Reynolds John , Koelmeyer Rachel , Seymour John F. , Taylor Kerry , Arthur Chris , Schwarer Anthony , Morton James , Cooney Julian , Leahy Michael F. , Rowlings Philip , Catalano John , Hertzberg Mark , Filshie Robin , Mills Anthony K. , Fay Keith , Durrant Simon , Januszewicz Henry , Joske David , Underhill Craig , Dunkley Scott , Lynch Kevin , Grigg Andrew 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
We conducted a trial in 103 patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) using imatinib 600 mg/day, with dose escalation to 800 mg/day for suboptimal response. The estimated cumulative incidences of complete cytogenetic response (CCR) by 12 and 24 months were 88% and 90%, and major molecular responses (MMRs) were 47% and 73%. In patients who maintained a daily average of 600 mg of imatinib for the first 6 months (n = 60), MMR rates by 12 and 24 months were 55% and 77% compared with 32% and 53% in patients averaging less than 600 mg (P = .037 and .016, respectively). Dose escalation was indicated for 17 patients before 12 months for failure to achieve, or maintain, major cytogenetic response at 6 months or CCR at 9 months but was only possible in 8 patients (47%). Dose escalation was indicated for 73 patients after 12 months because their BCR-ABL level remained more than 0.01% (international scale) and was possible in 45 of 73 (62%). Superior responses achieved in patients able to tolerate imatinib at 600 mg suggests that early dose intensity may be critical to optimize response in CP-CML. The trial was registered at www.ANZCTR.org.au as #ACTRN12607000614493.
Genome-wide copy number profiling reveals molecular evolution from diagnosis to relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yang Jun J. , Bhojwani Deepa , Yang Wenjian , Cai Xiangjun , Stocco Gabriele , Crews Kristine , Wang Jinhua , Morrison Debra , Devidas Meenakshi , Hunger Stephen P. , Willman Cheryl L. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Pui Ching-hon , Evans William E. , Relling Mary V. , Carroll William L. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The underlying pathways that lead to relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are unknown. To comprehensively characterize the molecular evolution of relapsed childhood B-precursor ALL, we used human 500K single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays to identify somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) in 20 diagnosis/relapse pairs relative to germ line. We identified 758 CNAs, 66.4% of which were less than 1 Mb, and deletions outnumbered amplifications by approximately 2.5:1. Although CNAs persisting from diagnosis to relapse were observed in all 20 cases, 17 patients exhibited differential CNA patterns from diagnosis to relapse. Of the 396 CNAs observed in 20 relapse samples, only 69 (17.4%) were novel (absent in the matched diagnosis samples). EBF1 and IKZF1 deletions were particularly frequent in this relapsed ALL cohort (25.0% and 35.0%, respectively), suggesting their role in disease recurrence. In addition, we noted concordance in global gene expression and DNA copy number changes (P = 2.2 × 10−16). Finally, relapse-specific focal deletion of MSH6 and, consequently, reduced gene expression were found in 2 of 20 cases. In an independent cohort of children with ALL, reduced expression of MSH6 was associated with resistance to mercaptopurine and prednisone, thereby providing a plausible mechanism by which this acquired deletion contributes to drug resistance at relapse.