bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of cytochrome P‐450 in Cunninghamella elegans intact protoplasts and cell‐free preparations capable of steroid hydroxylation
Authors: Dlugoński Jerzy , Bartnicka Katarzyna , Zemelko Iwona , Chojecka Violetta , Sedlaczek Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytochrome P‐450 was shown to be involved in 11α‐, and 11β‐hydroxylation of Substance S in intact C. elegans protoplasts. The steroid transformation was inhibited by carbon monoxide, the inhibitory effect being dependent on CO concentration. The function of cyt P‐450 in intact protoplasts was confirmed by the estimation of strong absorption at 450 nm in the CO difference spectrum. The presence of antimycin A was necessary to prevent the reduction of the cytochrome oxidase and its interference with the cyt P‐450 in the spectrophotometric analysis.The intracellular content of cyt P‐450 could be increased from 5.25 pm/mg protein to 26.88 pm/mg protein when the steroid inducer was present in the medium at each stage of protoplast preparation and during cyt P‐450 determination.The enriched microsomal fraction obtained from the crude extract of ruptured protoplasts contained the steroid 11α‐hydroxylase system of C. elegans. The activity of 11β‐hydroxylase could not be detected under the conditions of the experiment. The localization of steroid hydroxylases of C. elegans in microsomes was confirmed by cyt P‐450 detection in the 9600 × g supernatant. Membranous fractions (pellets 1100 × g and 9600 × g) of the concanavaline A stabilized protoplasts, carrying the marker plasma‐membrane‐bound and mitochondrial ATPases, did not show maximum absorption at 450 nm in the CO difference spectrum.
Anthracyclinone‐blue A and B, new natural anthracyclinones containing nitrogen in the molecules: Isolation, chemical structures and biosynthesis
Authors: Eckardt K. , Tresselt D. , Ihn W. , Schumann G. , Eritt I. , Sedmera P. , Novák J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo new anthracyclinones, 7‐(2‐hydroxyethylamino)bisanhydroaklavinone and 7‐(2‐hydroxyethylamino)bisanhydro‐ϵ‐rhodomycinone, were isolated from fermentations of the blocked mutants S. galilaeus S 383 and S. griseus ZIMET 43707, respectively. The new compounds have been designated as anthracyclinone‐blue A and B because of their characteristic deep‐blue colour. Feeding experiments suggest that anthracyclinone‐blue A and 7‐hydroxy‐bisanhydroaklavinone, a minor component of strain S 383, are shunt products originating from aklaviketone.
Proteases of psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from glaciers
Authors: Margesin Rosa , Palma Norbert , Knauseder Franz , Schinner Franz 
Published: February 2007

Abstract25 psychrotrophic protease‐forming bacteria isolated from glaciers were identified as follows: Pseudomonas spp. (18 strains), Flavobacterium spp. (3 strains), Xanthomonas maltophilia (2 strains), Aeromonas hydrophila (1 strain) and Bacillus sp. (1 strain). Characteristics of proteolytic activity in cell‐free culture supernatants were studied. Proteases produced by 40% of the bacteria showed a maximum azocaseinolytic activity around 40°C and pH 7. Enzymes were rapidly inactivated after heating at 50°C. pI‐values of proteases ranged from > 9.5 to 7.0. Sensitivity to EDTA indicates that most proteases are metalloproteases. Proteases of psychrotrophs could be differentiated from proteases of mesophiles by a lower temperature optimum, a lower activation energy and a higher sensitivity against heat treatment.
In vivo utilization of N‐(phosphonomethyl)‐anilines and related substances by Pseudomonas spec. GS
Authors: Albrecht Birgit , Weidhase Rosemarie , Stock Manfred , Weidhase Reinhard Albrecht 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUtilization of various phosphonates as source for phosphorus by the glyphosate degrading strain Pseudomonas spec. GS was investigated. Metabolites of phosphonate degradation were characterized indicating the cleavage of the C—P‐bond as primary step of breakdown.The phosphonate N‐(phosphonomethyl)‐4′‐nitroazobenzene‐4‐amine (azophon) was characterized as a suitable substrate for detection of C—P‐bond splitting activity in vivo.Pseudomonas cells permeabilized by toluene treatment were also capable of phosphonate degradation whereas no in vitro activity of a putative C—P‐bond cleaving enzyme was detectable after cell disruption.
Two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins synthesized during early germination of Bacillus subtilis 168 in the presence of actinomycin D
Authors: Hirano Yoshiro , Matsuda Motoo , Kameyama Tadanori 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to demonstrate the synthesis of approximately 65 [35S]‐methionine‐labelled soluble proteins between 0 and 10 min after the start of germination, of approximately 210 proteins at 10–20 min, and of approximately 260 proteins during vegetative growth of Bacillus subtilis. When actinomycin d and [35S]‐methionine were administered at the onset of germination and the proteins synthesized during the subsequent 15 imn were analyzed, two proteins were detected, and were designated protein I and protein II. Immunoblot analysis with an antiserum raised against RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli demonstrated that protein II corresponded to the σA factor of Bacillus subtilis. Thus, the σA facter is synthesized during early germination of Bacillus subtilis in the presence of actinomycin D.
Application of immobilized cells for biotransformations of steroids
Authors: Schmauder H.‐P. , Schlosser D. , Günther T. , Hattenbach A. , Sauerstein J. , Jungnickel F. , Augsten H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA survey is given of possible solutions and open‐ended questions in the biotransformation of steroids (without side chain degradation of sterols) by using immobilized cells. The data of literature between 1975 and 1990 and results of preliminary experiments from the microbial, biochemical, biophysical, physiological, as well as the biotechnological point of view are summarized and discussed.
Utilization of 1,3,5‐trihydroxybenzene (phloroglucinol) by a soil isolate, Rhodococcus species BPG‐8
Authors: Armstrong Stephen , Patel Thakor R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA Gram‐positive bacterial strain was isolated from oil rich soil in Newfoundland and found to utilize various di‐ and trihydroxylated aromatic compounds as a source of carbon and energy. This bacterium exhibited rod/coccus dimorphism during its growth cycle. Chemical analysis of cell wall composition (amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids) was performed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrophotometry and high pressure liquid chromatography. Comparison of both acid production and growth substrates showed complete homology with Rhodococcus erythropolis. Growth of the isolate on phloroglucinol (1,3,5 trihydroxybenzene) occurred in the pH range 5–8; with a substrate and temperature optima of 8.0 mM and 25 °C. The oxidation of PG was examined using whole cells as well as crude cell extracts. PG oxidation was shown to be due to an inducible enzyme system. Tentatively the isolate was identified as Rhodococcus species BPG‐8 which is able to utilize phloroglucinol as the sole source of carbon and energy.
The N‐terminal amino acid sequences of Brevibacterium sp. R312 nitrile hydratase
Authors: Duran R. , Chion C. K. N. Chan Kwo , Bigey F. , Arnaud A. , Galzy P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNitrile hydratase from Brevibacterium sp. R312 was purified to homogeneity. The isoelectric point was 5.75. The two kinds of subunits were separated by reverse phase HPLC and their N‐terminal amino acid sequences were found to be identical to those of Rhodococcus sp. N‐774 nitrile hydratase.
Taxonomic relationship of some members of Azotobacteraceae based on their protein profiles
Authors: Jana Subhas Chandra , Chakrabartty Pran Krishna , Mishra Ajit Kumar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnalysis of protein profiles of the members of Azotobacteraceae suggests that the genus Azotobacter consists of a heterogeneous group of bacteria, of which Azotobacter beijerinckii should possibly be separated to a new genus. Azomonas agilis and Azomonas macrocytogenes are only 26 percent related to each other.
Potassium leakage from Escherichia coli cells treated by organic ammonium salts
Authors: Mlynarčík Dušan , Sirotková Libuša , Devínsky Ferdinand , Masárová Ľubomíra , Pikulíková Aurélia , Lacko Ivan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of the homologous series of 1,1‐dialkylpiperidinium bromides on the potassium leakage from Escherichia coli cells has been studied. The minimum concentration for each compound which is able to release maximum of cellular potassium has been determined and correlated with the inhibitory activities of the compounds. The relationship between the structure and the activity enables to consider the K+ leakage as the marker of inhibitory activity of the membrane active antimicrobials.
Utilization of organic acids and amino acids by species of the genus Bacillus: A useful means in taxonomy
Authors: Nagel Matthias , Andreesen Jan R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe type strains of 26 Bacillus species were investigated with respect to their capabilily to utilize 48 organic acids and 20 amino acids by using phenol red indicator plates and an amino acid analyzer, respectively. In addition, strains of Bacillus sphaericus were found to utilize many organic acids and amino acids in contrast to carbohydrates which are routinely checked. The results obtained indicated an individual utilization pattern for every species investigated, pointing to a useful taxonomic application of these tests for the genus Bacillus.
Isolation, identification and germination of spores of Thermoactinomyces from Qatari soils (Arabian Gulf)
Authors: Shoreit Ahmed A. M. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract40 isolates of Thermoactinomyces were isolated from Qatari soils and identified as T. vulgaris (26 isolates), T. thalpophilus (8), T. putidus (4) and T. sacchari (2). The total count of this genus increased concomitantly with the increase of organic matter in soil samples. The effect of temperature, pH and composition of medium on the germination of spores of T. vulgaris were examined by measuring the reduction of turbidity of spore suspensions. Optimal germination took place at 55 °C, at a pH range of 7.5 to 8.5 and in phosphate buffer (10 mM) plus L‐alanine, L‐leucine and L‐phenylalanine (1 mM).
Metabolic blocks in the degradation of β‐sitosterol by a plasmid‐cured strain of Arthrobacter oxydans
Authors: Dutta Ranjit K. , Roy Monoj K. , Singh H. Devendra 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlasmid‐harbouring, sterol‐decomposing organism Arthrobacter oxydans 317 was treated with sodium dodecylsulphate to obtain a plasmid‐cured strain A. oxydans 317 A1 incapable of utilizing 4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione (AD). The strain 317 Al was unable to degrade β‐sitosterol side chain completely to form AD but could carry out partial degradation as shown by the accumulation of 3‐oxochol‐4‐en‐24‐oic acid as a major metabolite and 27‐norcholest‐4‐en‐3,24‐dione as a minor metabolite. The strain could form 1,4‐androstadiene‐3,17‐dione (ADD) from 3‐oxo‐23,24‐bisnorchol‐1,4‐dien‐22‐oic acid (BNC) to a limited extent. The existence of metabolic blocks in the conversion of 3‐oxochol‐4‐en‐24‐oic acid to 3‐oxo‐23,24‐bis‐norchol‐4‐en‐22‐oic acid and further conversion to AD by the plasmid‐cured strain 317 Al was suggested. Neither the formation of ADD from AD nor the conversion of AD and ADD to 9α‐hydroxy derivatives leading to steroid ring opening could be done by the plasmid‐cured strain but the 17β‐reduction of AD and ADD and 1(2)‐reduction of ADD were not affected by the absence of the plasmid. It was proposed that plasmid determines 1(2)‐dehydrogenation and 9α‐hydroxylation of steroid ring structure in this organism.
A correlation with type of sulfonamide resistance gene in Escherichia coli and synergy between trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Valentine Carrie R. , Hawk James M. , Christian Mary M. , Youmans Roger W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlasmids carrying type I or II sulfonamide‐resistance (Sur) genes were evaluated for their effect on synergy between trimethoprim (Tmp) and sulfamethoxyzole (Smx) in E. coli. Strain J53 containing each of three plasmids (R1, pSa, and R388) with the type I Sur gene displayed a synergistic response to Tmp/Smx; strain LE392 containing a plasmid (RSF1010) with the type II Sur gene displayed no synergy. The difference in synergy between type I and type II Sur genes might be explained by the difference in amount of resistant enzyme produced.
Metabolism of gallate in Penicillium simplicissimum
Authors: Patel T. R. , Hameed Nuzhat , Armstrong Stephen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pathway for the degradation of gallate (3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoate) by a new strain of Penicillium was examined by in vivo and in vitro cell‐free systems. The organism was identified as P. simplicissimum (OUD THOM. It grew optimally at pH 5.5 and 27 °C, with 11.75 mM (0.2%) gallate added to the basal salt media. Mycelia grown on gallate accumulated protocatechuate in the medium, and had inducible activity for protocatechuate 3,4‐dioxygenase as determined by spectrophotometric and oxygen electrode studies. A NADPH‐dependent reductase in the cell‐free extract reduced gallate to dihydrogallate. Maleylacetate reductase was also detected in the gallate induced cell‐free extract, while β‐ketoadipate was detected as the product produced. The possible steps in the degradation of gallate are discussed.
Fungal contamination, natural occurrence of mycotoxins and resistance for aflatoxin accumulation of some broad bean (Vicia fabaL.) cultivars
Authors: Saber Sabah M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing glucose‐CZAPEK's and 10% NaCl glucose‐CZAPEK's agar media incubated at 28 ± 2 °C, nine genera and 18 species were identified from 10 different cultivars seed of broad bean.AspergillusandPenicilliumwere the most common genera on the two types of media used. The most common fungal species wereAspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. tamariiandPenicillium chrysogenum.Thin‐layer chromatographic analysis indicated that seeds of one cultivar only was naturally contaminated with aflatoxins B1, B2, G1and G2. Nine mycotoxin‐free cultivars of broad bean were examined for resistance or susceptibility for aflatoxin production when inoculated byAspergillus flavusIMI 89717. Results obtained revealed that seeds of two cultivars were highly resistant, two cultivars showed partial resistance and the remaining were susceptible to the establishment ofA. flavusand aflatoxin accumulation.The results did not show any relationship between morphological characters (olour, shape and size) and the amount of aflatoxin produced on the different broad bean seed cultivars. Also the results reveal absence of significant variation in the total nitrogen of the highly susceptible, partially resistant and highly resistant groups of broad bean seeds examined. Mean values of calcium, total phosphate and potassium of both seed coat and seed kernel of the susceptible seeds were low as compared to those of partially and highly resistant seed cultivars. The susceptible seeds contained higher levels of magnesium, zinc and sodium while the resistant seeds contained lower ones.
Cellulase from Trichoderma isolate
Authors: Ali Md. Showkat , Akhand Anwarul Azim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new mesophilic Trichoderma isolate produced cellulases during growth on water hyacinth. Optimum cultural conditions for maximum enzyme production were: water hyacinth 0.25%, NH4NO3 0.2%, Tween 80.2%, 6 day cultivation at 28–30 °C. Partially purified cellulases from this organism displayed activity optima at pH 3–4 and 50–60 °C. The enzymes were stable at pH 3–6 and temperature upto 60 °C. Fe2+ had the most stimulating effect on cellulases activities amongst many metal ions tested.
Characterization of root‐nodule bacteria indigenous in the salt‐affected soils of Egypt by lipopolysaccharide, protein and plasmid profiles
Authors: Zahran Hamdi H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSome characteristics of thirty isolates of root‐nodule bacteria, indigenous in the salt‐affected soil of Egypt, were studied. To recognize different isolates of these bacteria, the electrophoretic pattern of plasmids and of whole cell lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and proteins were analysed and compared using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), respectively. The bacteria showed patterns of LPS, protein and plasmid which varied among isolates of different plant species as among isolates of a single plant species. Based on LPS and protein profile analysis, isolates from root‐nodules of broadbean and lupin plants were more diverse than isolates from root‐nodules of berseem plant. Root‐nodule bacteria of lupin and berseem were also less diverse than root‐nodule bacteria of broadbean when compared on the basis of plasmid profiles. This result indicate that root‐nodule bacteria of broadbean may have higher surviving ability in the salt‐affected soil. Most isolates of the root‐nodule bacteria synthesized specific LPS (smooth, ladder‐like type) and protein, which were different from LPS and protein of other well‐known (recognized) Rhizobium species. These specific forms of LPS and protein could be a prerequisite for the bacterial isolates to tolerate salt stress conditions of the salt‐affected soils.
Naphthalene‐anthracene‐utilizing microorganisms
Authors: Bagy M. K. , Shoreit A. A. M. , Hemida S. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOil‐polluted freshwater samples collected from Assiut oil company, Egypt, were screened for hydrocarbon‐utilizing microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). Two hydrocarbons (naphthalene and anthracene) were used as a sole source of carbon.Most Probable Number (MPN) technique was used to determine naphthalene and anthraceneutilizing bacteria. Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Nocardia and Pseudomonas were recovered on basal medium supplemented with the hydrocarbons. Numbers of bacteria decreased as the pollution in water increased. Eleven species and 1 variety belonging to 8 terrestrial fungal genera were collected from oil polluted water on naphthalene or anthracene modified CZAPEK agar medium. Aspergillus (A. flavus var. columnaris) and Scopulariopsis (S. brumptii) were the most prevalent genera. 75.4 and 24.6% of total bacterial isolates utilized naphthalene and anthracene with different ranges of turbidity, respectively.
Role of plasmid pJL1 of Arthrobacter oxydans 317 in the degradation of β‐sitosterol
Authors: Dutta Ranjit K. , Roy Monoj K. , Singh H. Devendra 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArthrobacter oxydans 317 is a plasmid (pJL1)‐harbouring organism capable of complete degradation of β‐sitosterol, 4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione (AD) and 1,4‐androstadiene‐3,17‐dione (ADD). Plasmid‐cured strain A. oxydans 317 A1 obtained by treatment of A. oxydans 317 with sodium dodecylsulphate (DUTTA et al. 1989) is capable of only partial degradation of β‐sitosterol side chain and incapable of utilizing AD and ADD. Conjugation experiments were carried out using A. oxydans 317 A1 as the recipient and A. oxydans 317 as the donor of pJL1 plasmid. A transconjugant strain A. oxydans 317 TC containing pJL1 plasmid was obtained. The transconjugant was able to form 9 α‐hydroxy‐4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione (9α‐hydroxy AD) from β‐sitosterol and AD, and to utilize ADD for growth but it could not convert AD to ADD. It was proposed that pJL1 is involved in the conversion of 3‐oxochol‐4‐en‐24‐oic acid to AD and in the 9α‐hydroxylation of the steroid nucleus but it is not connected with 1,2‐dehydrogenation, a critical reaction step in steroid ring opening.
Role of NH or NO on release of soluble phosphate from hydroxyapatite by Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium
Authors: Halder A. K. , Banerjee A. , Mishra A. K. , Chakrabartty P. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCapability of strains of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium to solubilize phosphate was determined in a defined medium containing hydroxyapatite as source of insoluble phosphate and (NH4)2SO4 or KNO3 as nitrogen source. Phosphate solubilization was found to be directly related to reduction of medium pH during growth of the strains. In general, presence of NH in the medium caused higher solubilization of phosphate by the strains as compared to the presence of NO as nitrogen source. The strain R. leguminosarum bv. viccae BICC 635 was the only exception which solubilized comparable amount of phosphate in medium containing either (NH4)2SO4 or KNO3. It appears, that the strains employ two different mechanisms for phosphate solubilization. One of the mechanisms relies upon the presence of NH in the culture and the other is independent of it. The strains could be divided into two groups, high‐ and low solubilizers based on their performances of phosphate solubilization.
Mitotically unstable polyploids in the yeast Pichia guilliermondii
Authors: Klinner U. , Böttcher F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAttempts to obtain triploids or tetraploids of P. guilliermondii by sexual hybridization led to mitotically stable hybrids. However, their DNA content per cell was not higher than in diploids. The results of random spore analysis demonstrate that these hybris were in fact aneuploids which obviously suffered drastic chromosome losses immediately after mating. This phenomenon could have been caused either by aneuploidy already present in the parental strains or it might have been due to a general inability of P. guilliermondii to maintain a polyploid genome.
A simple screening procedure for microbial phase‐transfer mediators conveying anions
Authors: Stengel C. , Reinhardt G. , Gräfe U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe conveyance of methylorange (helianthin) anion from a weakly acidic aqueous solution to a toluene layer was taken as a measure for the presence of anionophoric metabolites in microbial culture extracts mediating the transfer of amphiphilic anions from the water phase to an organic solvent. The presence of lipophilic amines such as pamamycin in microbial extracts thus could easily be detected by a directed screening procedure for anionophoric compounds. The efficiency of the screening procedure was demonstrated both with purified antiobiotics (pamamycin, a dimethylamino subunit of pamamycin, turimycin) and extracts from a large collection of Streptomyces strains.
Fate of the subapical cell in Streptomyces granaticolor mycelia
Authors: Kretschmer S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn stained Streptomyces granaticolor mycelia the fate of the subapical cell (c2) formed periodically after each septation of the apical cell (c1) was analzyed. From the time of birth of c2, the intervals until the starts of first and second branching, the doubling of length by branch growth, and septation were determined. Since five cultures grown at different growth rates were used, the intervals were expressed in relation to the interseptation time of c1 (T) of the respective culture. With few exceptions, the determined values were rather independent of the growth rate. On average, the fate of c2 was: start of branching at 0.7 T, doubling in length at 1.4 T, and septation at 1.7 T, meaning that septation of c1 and c2 did not occur synchronously. A second branch was formed 1.7 T after the first, i.e. at the same interval between the first (in c1) and second (in c2) septation.The site of septation was either more or less median within the original c2‐length, or within the branch, adjacent to the branching site. The percentage of the former was higher in cultures showing delayed branching. Generally, the median position of septation prevailed. As a consequence, the branched c2 was divided into two differently sized and shaped daughter cells. On average, the branch‐receiving daughter was about 2.5 times larger than the branchless daughter.The increase of the frequency of septation within the original c2 cells was followed for five T‐times. Rate and degree of increase was dependent on the growth rate or on the original length of c2. As a result, within all cultures the interseptal distance within the main hyphae approached a length of about 5 μm.