bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses by co-fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate TA2 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus isolate HCJ2F-19
Authors: Hawaz Estifanos , Tafesse Mesfin , Tesfaye Anteneh , Kiros Solomon , Beyene Dereje , Kebede Gessesse , Boekhout Teun , Groenwald Marizeth , Theelen Bart , Degefe Ayantu , Degu Sisay , Admasu Alene , Hunde Biru , Muleta Diriba 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Co-culturing is a widely used method to improve bioethanol production from biomass enriched in fermentable sugars. This study aims to produce bioethanol from sugarcane molasses by simultaneous co-fermentation of S. cerevisiae isolate TA2 and W. anomalus isolate HCJ2F-19.

Methods
Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize fermentation conditions, including mixing rate (110–150 rpm), temperature (25–35 °C), molasses concentration (25–35 obrix), and incubation time (36–72 h). The ethanol concentration was analyzed using HPLC equipped with a UV detector.

Results
The monocultureS. cerevisiae isolate TA2 produced 17.2 g.L−1 of ethanol, 0.33 g.g−1 of ethanol yield, and 0.36 g.L−1.h−1 of productivity compared to W. anomalus isolate HCJ2F that produced 14.5 g.L−1, 0.30 g.g−1 and 0.28 g.L−1.h−1 ethanol, ethanol yield, and productivity under laboratory conditions, respectively. In comparison to single cultures of S. cerevisiae TA2 and W. anomalus HCJ2F, the co-fermentation using both isolates showed an increased ethanol yield of 29% and 53% compared to the single species fermentations, respectively. The results showed that the growth of W. anomalus HCJ2F-19 and S. cerevisiae TA2 was not influenced by each other during the co-fermentation process. The one variable at a time optimization (OVAT) analysis resulted in an ethanol concentration of 26.5 g.L−1 with a specific yield and productivity of 0.46 g.g−1, 0.55 g.L−1.h−1, respectively, at pH 5.5, 25 obrix, 48 h, 150 rpm, 30 °C, 60:40 inoculum ratio, and 10% overall inoculum size. The maximum ethanol concentration of 35.5 g.L−1 was obtained by co-fermentation using the RSM-CCD tool at 30 obrix, 30 °C, 54 h, and 130 rpm.

Conclusion
The results suggested that the co-fermentation of S. cerevisiae isolate TA2 and W. anomalus isolate HCJ2F improves bioethanol production from sugar cane molasses under optimum fermentation conditions.
Training in the implementation of sex and gender research policies: an evaluation of publicly available online courses
Authors: Gompers Annika , Olivier Madeline T. , Maney Donna L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Recently implemented research policies requiring the inclusion of females and males have created an urgent need for effective training in how to account for sex, and in some cases gender, in biomedical studies.

Methods
Here, we evaluated three sets of publicly available online training materials on this topic: (1) Integrating Sex & Gender in Health Research from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); (2) Sex as a Biological Variable: A Primer from the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH); and (3) The Sex and Gender Dimension in Biomedical Research, developed as part of “Leading Innovative measures to reach gender Balance in Research Activities” (LIBRA) from the European Commission. We reviewed each course with respect to their coverage of (1) What is required by the policy; (2) Rationale for the policy; (3) Handling of the concepts “sex” and “gender;” (4) Research design and analysis; and (5) Interpreting and reporting data.

Results
All three courses discussed the importance of including males and females to better generalize results, discover potential sex differences, and tailor treatments to men and women. The entangled nature of sex and gender, operationalization of sex, and potential downsides of focusing on sex more than other sources of variation were minimally discussed. Notably, all three courses explicitly endorsed invalid analytical approaches that produce bias toward false positive discoveries of difference.

Conclusions
Our analysis suggests a need for revised or new training materials that incorporate four major topics: precise operationalization of sex, potential risks of over-emphasis on sex as a category, recognition of gender and sex as complex and entangled, and rigorous study design and data analysis.
Case study of UAS ignition of prescribed fire in a mixedwood on the William B. Bankhead National Forest, Alabama
Authors: Craycroft John , Schweitzer Callie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
For at least four decades, practitioners have recognized advantages of aerial versus ground ignition for maximizing the effectiveness of prescribed fires. For example, larger areas can be ignited in less time, or ignition energy may be variously targeted over an area in accordance with the uneven distribution of fuels. The maturation of wireless communication, geopositioning systems, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) has enhanced those advantages, and UAS approaches also provide further advantages relative to helicopter ignitions, such as reduced risk to human safety, lower operating costs, and higher operational flexibility. In a long running study at the Bankhead National Forest in northcentral Alabama, prescribed fire has been used for nearly 20 years. Most of the burns have been hand-ignited via drip torches, while some have been aerially ignited via helicopter. In March 2022, for the first time, a UAS was used to ignite prescribed fires across a landscape that included a long-term research stand. This field note relates comparisons of both fire behavior and fuel consumption metrics for the UAS-ignited burn versus previous burns on the same stand, and versus burns of other research stands in the same year.

Results
The UAS-ignited prescribed fire experienced burn effects similar to those from ground-ignited prescribed fires on the same stand in previous years, as well as those from ground-ignited prescribed fires on other stands in the same year.

Conclusion
This post hoc analysis suggests that UAS ignition approaches may be sufficient for achieving prescribed burn goals, thereby enabling practitioners to realize the advantages offered by that ignition mode.
Early prediction of chronic kidney disease based on ensemble of deep learning models and optimizers
Authors: Saif Dina , Sarhan Amany M. , Elshennawy Nada M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent studies have proven that data analytics may assist in predicting events before they occur, which may impact the outcome of current situations. In the medical sector, it has been utilized for predicting the likelihood of getting a health condition such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). This paper aims at developing a CKD prediction framework, which forecasts CKD occurrence over a specific time using deep learning and deep ensemble learning approaches. While a great deal of research focuses on disease detection, few studies contribute to disease prediction before it may occur. However, the performance of previous work was not competitive. This paper tackles the under-explored area of early CKD prediction through a high-performing deep learning and ensemble framework. We bridge the gap between existing detection methods and preventive interventions by: developing and comparing deep learning models like CNN, LSTM, and LSTM-BLSTM for 6–12 month CKD prediction; addressing data imbalance, feature selection, and optimizer optimization; and building an ensemble model combining the best individual models (CNN-Adamax, LSTM-Adam, and LSTM-BLSTM-Adamax). Our framework achieves significantly higher accuracy (98% and 97% for 6 and 12 months) than previous work, paving the way for earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
Role and application of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the assessment of left and right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction: a UK nationwide survey
Authors: Corbett Liam , O’Driscoll Patrick , Paton Maria , Oxborough David , Surkova Elena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) imaging has permitted advancements in the quantification of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes and ejection fraction. We evaluated the availability of 3DE equipment / analysis software, the integration of 3DE assessment of the LV and RV in routine clinical practice, current training provisions in 3DE, and aimed to ascertain barriers preventing the routine use of 3DE for volumetric analysis. Through the British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) regional representatives’ network, echocardiographers were invited to participate in an open online survey. A total of 181 participants from echocardiography departments in the United Kingdom (UK), the majority from tertiary centres (61%), completed the 28-question survey. For 3DE quantification, 3DE-LV was adopted more frequently than 3DE-RV (48% vs 11%, respectively). Imaging feasibility was a recognised factor in 3DE RV and LV adoption. Many respondents had access to 3D probes (93%). The largest observed barriers to 3DE routine use were training deficiencies, with 83% reporting they would benefit from additional training opportunities and the duration of time permitted for the scan, with 68% of responders reporting allowances of less than the BSE standard of 45–60 min per patient (8% < 30-min). Furthermore, of those respondents who had undertaken professional accreditation, competence in 3DE was not formally assessed in 89%. This UK survey also reported good accessibility to magnetic resonance imaging (72%), which was related to overall 3DE adoption. In summary, although 3DE is now readily available, it remains underutilised. Further training opportunities, integrated formal assessment, improved adoption of BSE minimum recommended scanning times, alongside industry and societal support, may increase 3DE utilisation in routine practice.
Validating Risk Prediction Models for Multiple Primaries and Competing Cancer Outcomes in Families With Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Using Clinically Ascertained Data
Authors: Nguyen Nam H. , Dodd-Eaton Elissa B. , Corredor Jessica L. , Woodman-Ross Jacynda , Green Sierra , Gutierrez Angelica M. , Arun Banu K. , Wang Wenyi 
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE There exists a barrier between developing and disseminating risk prediction models in clinical settings. We hypothesize that this barrier may be lifted by demonstrating the utility of these models using incomplete data that are collected in real clinical sessions, as compared with the commonly used research cohorts that are meticulously collected. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic counselors (GCs) collect family history when patients (ie, probands) come to MD Anderson Cancer Center for risk assessment of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by deleterious germline mutations in the TP53 gene. Our clinical counseling-based (CCB) cohort consists of 3,297 individuals across 124 families (522 cases of single primary cancer and 125 cases of multiple primary cancers). We applied our software suite LFSPRO to make risk predictions and assessed performance in discrimination using AUC and in calibration using observed/expected (O/E) ratio. RESULTS For prediction of deleterious TP53 mutations, we achieved an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.85) and an O/E ratio of 1.66 (95% CI, 1.53 to 1.80). Using the LFSPRO.MPC model to predict the onset of the second cancer, we obtained an AUC of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.82). Using the LFSPRO.CS model to predict the onset of different cancer types as the first primary, we achieved AUCs between 0.70 and 0.83 for sarcoma, breast cancer, or other cancers combined. CONCLUSION We describe a study that fills in the critical gap in knowledge for the utility of risk prediction models. Using a CCB cohort, our previously validated models have demonstrated good performance and outperformed the standard clinical criteria. Our study suggests that better risk counseling may be achieved by GCs using these already-developed mathematical models.
New Daily Persistent Headache
Authors: Robbins Matthew 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article describes the clinical features, etiology, differential diagnosis, management, and prognosis of new daily persistent headache.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
New daily persistent headache has attracted renewed attention as it may arise in the setting of a COVID-19 infection. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension, particularly from CSF-venous fistulas, remains an important secondary headache disorder to consider before diagnosing new daily persistent headache. Symptomatic treatment for new daily persistent headache may include acute and preventive therapies used for migraine and tension-type headache, such as triptans, oral preventive agents, onabotulinumtoxinA, and agents that target calcitonin gene-related peptide.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
New daily persistent headache is a daily headache syndrome that starts acutely and can only be diagnosed after 3 months have elapsed and other secondary and primary headache diagnoses have been excluded. The clinical manifestations largely resemble either chronic migraine or chronic tension-type headache. The underlying cause is unknown, but it is plausible that multiple etiologies exist and that it is not a single disease entity. The prognosis is variable but often poor, and the treatment approach is largely extrapolated from the management of chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache.
Posttraumatic Headache
Authors: Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment of posttraumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Latest Developments
The International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition requires that posttraumatic headache begin within 7 days of the inciting trauma. Although posttraumatic headache characteristics and associated symptoms vary, most commonly there is substantial overlap with symptoms of migraine or tension-type headache. New insights into posttraumatic headache pathophysiology suggest roles for neuroinflammation, altered pain processing and modulation, and changes in brain structure and function. Although the majority of posttraumatic headache resolves during the acute phase, about one-third of individuals have posttraumatic headache that persists for at least several months. Additional work is needed to identify predictors and early markers of posttraumatic headache persistence, but several potential predictors have been identified such as having migraine prior to the mTBI, the total number of TBIs ever experienced, and the severity of initial symptoms following the mTBI. Few data are available regarding posttraumatic headache treatment; studies investigating different treatments and the optimal timing for initiating posttraumatic headache treatment are needed.

Essential Points
Posttraumatic headache begins within 7 days of the causative injury. The characteristics of posttraumatic headache most commonly resemble those of migraine or tension-type headache. Posttraumatic headache persists for 3 months or longer in about one-third of individuals. Additional studies investigating posttraumatic headache treatment are needed.
HERA-lding More Integration in Health? Examining the Discursive Legitimation of the European Commission's New Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority
Authors: Godziewski Charlotte , Rushton Simon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Context: Since COVID-19, the European Commission (EC) has sought to expand its activities in health through the development of a European Health Union and within it the Health Emergencies Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA).
Methods: The authors applied a discourse analysis to documents establishing HERA to investigate how the EC legitimated the creation of this institution. They focused on how it framed health emergencies, how it framed the added value of HERA, and how it linked HERA to existing EU activities and priorities.
Findings: Their analysis demonstrates that security-based logics have been central to the EC's legitimation of HERA in alignment with a “securitization of health” occurring worldwide in recent decades. This legitimation can be understood as part of the EC's effort to promote future integration in health in the absence of new competences.
Conclusions: Securitization has helped the EC raise its profile in health politically without additional competences, thereby laying the groundwork for potential future integration. Looking at the discursive legitimation of HERA sheds light not only on whether the EC is expanding its health powers but also how it strategizes to do so. HERA, while constrained, allows the EC to further deepen security-driven integration in health.
Offline Returns for Online Retailers via Partnership
Authors: Nageswaran Leela , Hwang Elina H. , Cho Soo-Haeng 
Published: April 2024

Online shoppers often prefer to return items to stores (i.e., “offline return”) rather than mail them back. We study a new business practice, return partnership, wherein online retailers partner with store retailers to offer offline returns. We seek to identify when return partnerships benefit both the store and online retailers. Customers choose between the online and store channels for their purchase and decide whether, and through which channel, to return an online purchase if needed. We find that store and online retailers who offer differentiated products have incentives to partner, as in the case of the return partnership between Everlane and Cost Plus World Market (formed via Happy Returns—a service provider that connects online retailers with store retailers). In this case, the online retailer’s benefit from the cost savings achieved by consolidating shipments of returned items from stores outweighs the loss associated with a high return rate. We show that, contrary to initial intuition, return partnerships may also feature retailers who offer similar products, as in the case of Amazon-Kohl’s. In this case, online customers’ migration to offline returns ensures a store retailer’s incentive to partner. However, it limits the incentive of an online retailer when the added convenience of an offline return induces more returns of online purchases. Thus, we caution that with limited differentiation in product offerings, store visits should not be too convenient for a partnership to form. This paper was accepted by Jay Swaminathan, operations management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01291 .
Annular leukocytoclastic vasculitis: a new feature of IgA vasculitis
Authors: Belfeki Nabil , Ghriss Nouha , Kammoun Sonia , Zayet Souheil , Moini Cyrus , Terrier Benjamin 
Published: April 2024

Background: Annular erythema is a rare manifestation of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It may be associated with various drugs, infections, malignancies, or systemic diseases. Case description: A 36-year-old woman with no personal medical history presented with annular erythema with target lesions and petechial purpura. The patient had fever and joint arthralgia. A skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposits on direct immunofluorescence. The diagnosis of immunoglobulin A vasculitis with annular leukocytoclastic vasculitis was made. The patient showed global improvement with topical steroids without relapse. Conclusion: An annular variant of leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a rare manifestation of immunoglobulin A vasculitis.
Domestic dogs in indigenous Amazonian communities: Key players in Leptospira cycling and transmission?
Authors: Guzmán Diego A. , Diaz Eduardo , Sáenz Carolina , Álvarez Hernán , Cueva Rubén , Zapata-Ríos Galo , Prado-Vivar Belén , Falconí Mercy , Pearson Talima , Barragan Veronica 
Published: April 2024

Background
Leptospirosis is the world’s most common zoonotic disease. Mitigation and control rely on pathogen identification and understanding the roles of potential reservoirs in cycling and transmission. Underreporting and misdiagnosis obscure the magnitude of the problem and confound efforts to understand key epidemiological components. Difficulties in culturing hamper the use of serological diagnostics and delay the development of DNA detection methods. As a result, especially in complex ecosystems, we know very little about the importance of different mammalian host species in cycling and transmission to humans.

Methodology/principal findings
We sampled dogs from five indigenous Kichwa communities living in the Yasuní National Park in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin. Blood and urine samples from domestic dogs were collected to assess the exposure of these animals to Leptospira and to identify the circulating species. Microscopic Agglutination Tests with a panel of 22 different serovars showed anti-leptospira antibodies in 36 sampled dogs (75%), and 7 serogroups were detected. Two DNA-based detection assays revealed pathogenic Leptospira DNA in 18 of 19 dog urine samples (94.7%). Amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and SecY genes from 15 urine samples revealed genetic diversity within two of three different Leptospira species: noguchii (n = 7), santarosai (n = 7), and interrogans (n = 1).

Conclusions/significance
The high prevalence of antibodies and Leptospira DNA provides strong evidence for high rates of past and current infections. Such high prevalence has not been previously reported for dogs. These dogs live in the peridomestic environment in close contact with humans, yet they are free-ranging animals that interact with wildlife. This complex web of interactions may explain the diverse types of pathogenic Leptospira observed in this study. Our results suggest that domestic dogs are likely to play an important role in the cycling and transmission of Leptospira. Future studies in areas with complex ecoepidemiology will enable better parsing of the significance of genotypic, environmental, and host characteristics.