bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alveolar Bone Loss in a Ligature-Induced Periodontitis Model in Rat Using Different Ligature Sizes
Authors: Wichienrat Warintorn , Surisaeng Theeraphat , Sa-Ard-Iam Noppadol , Chanamuangkon Theerapat , Mahanonda Rangsini , Wisitrasameewong Wichaya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives Ligature-induced periodontitis model has been widely used as a preclinical stage for investigating new treatment modalities. However, the effect of different ligature sizes on alveolar bone loss has never been studied. Therefore, we examined alveolar bone loss in this rat model using different sizes of silk ligatures, as well as healing after ligature removal.
Materials and Methods Left maxillary second molars of Sprague-Dawley rats were ligated with 3-0, 4-0, or 5-0 silk ligatures (n = 4–5/group) for 14 days before harvested maxillae and gingival tissues. For subsequent experiment, animals were ligated for 14 days using the ligature size that induced the most alveolar bone loss before ligature removal and sacrificed at 0, 7 and 14 days (n = 5–6/group). All maxillae and gingival tissues were harvested to evaluate alveolar bone level, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels.
Statistical Analysis Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States). Data from all experiments were tested for normality using Shapiro–Wilk test. Data between ligatured and nonligatured teeth were compared using Student's t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Differences among different ligature sizes were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by multiple comparisons with post-hoc test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results The alveolar bone loss of ligated teeth was substantially higher than that of control after 14 days of ligation. While 3-0 and 4-0 resulted in significantly greater bone loss than 5-0 silk, the 3-0 group had the lowest rate of ligature loss. Therefore, alveolar bone healing postligature removal was investigated further using 3-0 silk. The results showed no significant bone level change at 2 weeks after ligature removal. In term of IL-1β and TNF-α levels, there was no statistically significant difference in IL-1β level between groups at any time point, while TNF-α was undetectable.
Conclusion These data showed that 3-0 silk was the most effective ligature size in promoting alveolar bone loss comparing with 4-0 and 5-0 silk. During the 2-week period following ligature removal, spontaneous bone healing was not observed.
Cryptoart: ethical challenges of the NFT revolution
Authors: Calvo Patrici 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe digital transformation of the art world has become a revolution for the sector. Cryptoart, based on non-fungible tokens (NFT), is attracting the attention of artists, collectors and enthusiasts for its ability to tokenise any element that can be sold as art in the digital market. In this way, it is able to become a scarce resource and an economic asset by encapsulating the market value of a piece of digital art, which may or may not have a reference in the real world. This study will delve into the ethical aspects underlying what is known as the NFT Revolution, particularly impacts related to the abuse or destruction of cultural heritage, speculation and the generation of economic bubbles and environmental unsustainability. To this end, this research has been carried out within the framework of a hermeneutic-critical proposal for analysing, understanding and prescribing cryptoart and its processes. This, methodology, typical of the human and social sciences, critically analyses the current context of the digital transformation of art through the study and interpretation of bibliographical sources and case studies in order to reconstruct the keys and conditions of possibility that guide its development in a fair and responsible way.
Thermally stable Peltier controlled vacuum chamber for electrical transport measurements
Authors: Poole S. F. , Amin O. J. , Solomon A. , Barton L. X. , Campion R. P. , Edmonds K. W. , Wadley P. 
Published: March 2024

The design, manufacture, and characterization of an inexpensive, temperature-controlled vacuum chamber with millikelvin stability for electrical transport measurements at and near room temperature is reported. A commercially available Peltier device and a high-precision temperature controller are used to actively heat and cool the sample space. The system was designed to minimize thermal fluctuations in spintronic and semiconductor transport measurements, but the general principle is relevant to a wide range of electrical measurement applications. The main issues overcome are the mounting of a sample with a path of high thermal conductivity through to the Peltier device and the heat sinking of the said Peltier device inside a vacuum. A copper slug is used as the mount for a sample, and a large copper block is used as a thermal feedthrough before a passive heat sink is used to cool this block. The Peltier device provides 20 W of heating and cooling power, achieving a maximum range of 30 K below and 40 K above the ambient temperature. The temperature stability is within 5 mK at all set points with an even better performance above the ambient temperature. A vacuum pressure of 10−8 hPa is achievable. As a demonstration, we present experimental results from current-induced electrical switching of a CuMnAs thin film. Transport measurements with and without the Peltier control emphasize the importance of a constant temperature in these applications. The thermal lag between the sample space measurement and the sample itself is observed through magnetoresistance values measured during a temperature sweep.
Evaluation of silicon and indium gallium arsenide photodiodes as direct timing detectors for pulsed x-ray systems
Authors: Brown Cameron B. , Remelius Dennis K. , Smilowitz Laura B. 
Published: March 2024

Benchtop pulsed x-ray systems are commonly used to record dynamic material data on the order of nanoseconds, but pulse timing is often difficult to accurately determine. This study demonstrates that commercially available photodiodes can be used effectively for direct x-ray pulse detection without the need for visible light scintillators. X-ray pulses from four commercially available flash x-ray systems were quantified using one silicon and two indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodiodes. The measured InGaAs pulse durations were strongly dependent on radiation dose in the non-linear operating regime, so the photodiodes were shielded to operate below the 2.5 V non-linear regime threshold. The average pulse duration and pulse arrival time jitter of the photodiodes for each x-ray source were within several nanoseconds with the exception of two sets of measurements that were affected by low instrument sensitivity and electrical noise. These results show that InGaAs photodiodes can be used as effective and repeatable stand-alone timing diagnostics for x-ray pulses as short as 20 ns or less.
Isotope effect on the formation of CN by radiative association reactions
Authors: Giani L. , Šimsová née Zámečníková M. , Di Genova G. , Ceccarelli C. , Balucani N. , Nyman G. 
Published: March 2024

The formation of CN and its isotopologue C15N through radiative association has been investigated. We considered two processes for the collisions of ground state C(3P) and N(4S) atoms (A2Π → X2Σ+ and b4Π → a4Σ+), as well as, for the first time, we investigated the radiative association of ground state C(3P) and excited N(2D) atoms (B2Σ+ → X2Σ+). The cross-sections for the three processes have been calculated using semi-classical, quantum mechanical, and Breit–Wigner theories. The rate constants, derived from the combination of semi-classical and Breit–Wigner results, have been fitted to the Kooij formula to be used in astrochemical modeling. The rate constant for the B2Σ+ → X2Σ+ process dominates in the investigated temperature range (10–10 000 K), when its own asymptotic energy is used as a reference level. Moreover, the B2Σ+ → X2Σ+ process presents the most pronounced isotope effect on the rate constant. We suggest considering these newly investigated radiative association processes for the formation of CN and C15N in the interstellar medium.
The influence of loading, road transport, unloading and time in lairage on body temperature in finished feedlot steers
Authors: Bonner S. L. , Loxton I. D. , Lisle A. , Lawrence R. J. , Lees A. M. , Gaughan J. B. 
Published: March 2024

Context Transport of cattle can be stressful and may lead to increased body temperature. It is necessary to quantify the effect of transport on body temperature so that informed management decisions can be made. Aims This study aimed to determine the effects of a 5.5 h, 430 km road transport journey on body temperature (TB) of feedlot steers. Methods Body temperature was obtained at 30 min intervals. All cattle were weighed and randomly allocated to a truck pen prior to transport. Cattle were transported on a single B-double truck, with three upper-deck and three lower-deck compartments. At 0630 hours, cattle were walked from their pens (25 m), weighed and loaded onto the truck. Loading was completed by 1030 hours. Key results During the weighing and loading process prior to transport, mean TB increased from 39.37 ± 0.11°C to 40.21 ± 0.11°C. Immediately following loading, mean TB increased. The TB of cattle on the upper deck was 40.96 ± 0.08°C and on the lower deck 40.89 ± 0.08°C (P = 0.6299). During the first 3 h of the journey, the TB of lower-deck cattle decreased by 1.14°C (P < 0.01), compared with a 0.83°C reduction in cattle on the upper deck. Over the duration of the journey, which took 1 h longer than expected, the mean TB of the cattle on the upper deck (40.47 ± 0.11°C) was greater (P < 0.0001) than that on the lower deck (40.04 ± 0.12°C). One hour after unloading at the abattoir, pooled TB was 40.26 ± 0.12°C. Minimum TB (38.87 ± 0.04°C) occurred at 10.5 h after unloading. Conclusions The results from this study highlight that increases in TB were more associated with cattle handling and loading events, rather than transport, under these environmental conditions. Understanding the magnitude of this increase will help managers decide on pre- and post- transport management of cattle. Implications Cattle handling and loading for transport may lead to an increase in TB, which can remain elevated for a number of hours. However, it is unclear what the impact of hotter climatic conditions would have on trailer microclimate and, as such, TB regulation during road transport.
Bulk viscous late acceleration under near equilibrium conditions in f(R, T) gravity with mixed dark matter
Authors: Pai Vishnu A , Mathew Titus K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Numerous studies have tried to explain the observed late acceleration of the Universe as being caused by the bulk viscosity associated with the dark matter (DM) component. However, for driving the said accelerated expansion, all such models require a violation of near equilibrium conditions (NECs) associated with the background viscous theory. But recently, it was found that, with the aid of a cosmological constant, it is possible to maintain NEC for the bulk viscous warm DM during certain evolutionary epochs of the Universe. Nevertheless, this negated the possibility of having a ‘solely’ viscous-driven late acceleration in Einstein gravity within the NEC limit. In the present study, we investigate a model of the Universe composed of mixed DM components, with viscous DM, and inviscid cold DM as its constituents, in the context of

R
+
2
λ

T

v
m

gravity, and show that the model predicts late acceleration by satisfying NEC, critical energy condition and second law of thermodynamics (SLT) throughout the evolution, even in the absence of a cosmological constant. One intriguing feature observed in this model is the possibility of having a negative bulk viscous coefficient and yet satisfying the SLT. Finally, by applying both theoretical and observational constraints on the model parameters, we determined the best-fit values of model parameters and thereby analyzed the evolutionary behavior of some relevant cosmological observables.
Stable determination of an impedance obstacle by a single far-field measurement
Authors: Diao Huaian , Liu Hongyu , Tao Longyue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We establish sharp stability estimates of logarithmic type in determining an impedance obstacle in

R

2

. The obstacle is the polygonal shape and the surface impedance parameter is non-zero constant. We establish the stability results using a single far-field pattern, constituting a longstanding problem in the inverse scattering theory. This is the first stability result in the literature in determining an impedance obstacle by a single far-field measurement. The stability in simultaneously determining the obstacle and the boundary impedance is established in terms of the classical Hausdorff distance. Several technical novelties and developments in the mathematical strategy developed for establishing the aforementioned stability results exist. First, the stability analysis is conducted around a corner point in a micro-local manner. Second, our stability estimates establish explicit relationships between the obstacle’s geometric configurations and the wave field’s vanishing order at the corner point. Third, we develop novel error propagation techniques to tackle singularities of the wave field at a corner with the impedance boundary condition.
Theoretical valley-polarized subgap transport and intravalley pairing states in a silicene-based antiferromagnet–superconductor junction
Authors: Ding Zixuan , Wang Donghao , Huang Chuanshuai , Li Mengyao , Tao Yongchun , Huang Fengliang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We theoretically study the valley-polarized subgap transport and intravalley pairing states in silicene-based antiferromagnet/superconductor (AF/SC) junctions. It is found that in the absence of an electric field, the antiferromagnetic order induced in silicene can give rise to valley-polarized states that strongly affect the subgap conductance. With the increasing antiferromagnetic exchange field, the gap-edge Andreev-resonant peak is replaced by broadened features for the homo-SC model whereas by a sharp conductance dip for the bulk-SC one. This significant difference arises from the intravalley Andreev reflection caused by the valley-mixing scattering in the bulk-SC model, which can be enhanced by the antiferromagnetic order. Particularly, this intravalley pairing process can be switched on or off by adjusting the spin polarization through the electric field applied in the AF region. Our findings not only pave a new road to employ antiferromagnetic materials in valleytronics, but also facilitate the verification and detection of potential intravalley pairing state and valley polarization in silicene.
Complex energy-based description of alpha-cluster lifetime in intense laser fields
Authors: Szilvási Réka , Kis Dániel P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The phenomenon of laser-assisted alpha decay is studied within the framework of non-Hermitian quantum theory integrated with the (t, t′)-formalism. The width and the lifetime of the alpha cluster of a specific isotope is extracted from the spectrum of the complex-scaled Hamiltonian operator of the nuclear system and estimated numerically. The laser-field-induced correction to the lifetime is computed by first-order (t, t′)-perturbation calculation with regard to different polarization states and control parameters of the external laser field, adjusting appropriate intensity and photon energy pairs by examining the limit of the non-relativistic approximation of the problem.
Silica-based scintillators: basic properties of radioluminescence kinetics
Authors: Grandvillain Marjorie , Vidal Marie , Hérault Joël , Benabdesselam Mourad , Hofverberg Petter , Mady Franck 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRadioluminescent silica-based fiber dosimeters offer great advantages for designing miniaturized realtime sensors for high dose-rate dosimetry. Rise and fall kinetics of their response must be properly understood to better assess their performances in terms of measurement speed and repeatability. A standard model of radioluminescence (RL) has already been quantitatively validated for doped silica glasses, but beyond conclusive comparisons with specific experiments, a comprehensive understanding of the processes and parameters determining transient and equilibrium kinetics of RL is still lacking. We analyze in detail the kinetics inherent in the standard RL model. Several asymptotical regimes in the RL growth are demonstrated in the case of a pristine sample (succesive quadratic, linear and power-law time dependencies before the plateau is reached). We show how this situation is modified when a pre-irradiation partly fills traps beforehand. RL growth is then greatly accelerated because of the pre-formation of recombination centers (RCs) from dopant ions, but not due to pre-filling of trapping levels. In all cases, the RL intensity eventually tends to a constant level equal to the pair generation rate, long before all carrier densities themselves reach equilibrium. This occurs late under irradiation, when deep traps get to saturation. The fraction of dopants converted into RCs is then ‘frozen’ at a lower level the smaller the density of deep traps. Controlling RL kinetics through the engineering of material traps is not an option. Pre-irradiation appears to be the simplest way to obtain accelerated and repeatable kinetics.
Improved metric-based meta learning with attention mechanism for few-shot cross-domain train bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhong Hao , He Deqiang , Lao Zhenpeng , Jin Zhenzhen , Shen Guoqiang , Chen Yanjun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Traction motor bearings, as a crucial component of subway trains, play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of train operations. Therefore, intelligent diagnosis of train bearings holds significant importance. However, due to the complex and dynamic nature of bearing conditions coupled with limited fault data availability, traditional diagnostic methods fail to yield satisfactory results. To address this issue, we propose an improved metrics-based meta-learning approach for accurate few-shot cross-domain fault diagnosis of train bearings. Firstly, we introduce a 1D-signal channel attention mechanism that effectively extracts latent features and enhances recognition accuracy. Secondly, by incorporating the Adabound algorithm into our model framework, we further enhance its classification performance. Finally, through several case studies, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in comparison to other approaches within similar settings.
Fabrication of thin inorganic temperature-sensitive paint using ball milling and its temporal response delay
Authors: Jung Juyong , Saito Shimpei , Someya Satoshi , Baba Soumei , Takada Naoki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) is widely used to measure the temperature distribution. A TSP is advantageous in terms of cost and spatiotemporal resolution. However, regardless of its thickness, a finite thickness introduces errors. An important issue regarding the thickness of the TSP is the temporal response delay. In this study, a thin TSP was fabricated using ball milling, and TSPs with a thickness <2 µm could be produced. However, the phosphorescence intensity decreased drastically after ball milling. A special system was designed to measure the temporal response delay caused by the TSP layer. A high-resolution measurement technique (210 kHz and 1.05 µm/pixel) was employed. Time delays were defined and calculated using both experimental and numerical approaches. Numerical simulations were conducted using the experimental data and the thermal properties of ZnO:Zn and epoxy, given that the thermal properties of TSP are unknown. From the time delay, it was found that the thermal diffusivity of the TSP was between those of ZnO:Zn and epoxy, and this result was considered reasonable. Although this study provides only a rough estimation of the thermal diffusivity of TSPs, it reveals a relationship between the time delay and thermal diffusivity, opening up the possibility of calculating the thermal diffusivity from the time delay. Our results can help advance the application of TSPs for temperature measurements in highly dynamic environments.
Type A standard uncertainty evaluation in one measurement through uncertainty propagation from voxel values’ distribution for computed tomography metrology
Authors: Ou Dongsheng , Xiao Yongshun , Lan Dini , Wang Yingxin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
According to the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, ‘type A evaluation’ generally requires repeated measurements, which are time-consuming for CT scans. To solve this problem, we developed a method for estimating the standard deviation of measurement results in one measurement through uncertainty propagation, which can be regarded as repeatability standard deviation to evaluate the type A standard uncertainty. The method first fits the CT voxel value distribution, uses the ISO50 method to determine the spatial distribution of surface points from the voxel value distribution and edge shape interpolation, and then derives the measurement results by fitting geometric parameters with the least square algorithm. Finally, the standard deviation of the measurement results is evaluated according to the distribution of the surface point position through uncertainty propagation. We performed simulations and experiments using the hole-plate with 28 holes to compare the uncertainty evaluated by our method and the type A standard uncertainty evaluated on the basis of a series of observations obtained under repeatability conditions. Both simulation and experimental results show that these two uncertainties follow the same statistical variation pattern. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the two uncertainties in simulation and experiment are 0.79 and 0.33, respectively, indicating that the uncertainty evaluated by the proposed method can directly replace the type A uncertainty or provide a reference similar to type A uncertainty for the evaluation of the combined uncertainty.
Acoustic tunnel lining cavity detection using cepstral coefficients with optimized filter bank
Authors: Wu Ting , Cheng Xiaobin , Yan Zhaoli , Yang Jun , Chai Xuesong , Dai Xiaojing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tunnels are an essential component of modern transportation infrastructure, and their structural health is critical to traffic safety, which can be seriously affected by tunnel lining cavities. In this paper, an acoustic-based detection approach for assessing the integrity of tunnel linings is studied. By tapping the tunnel lining surface, acoustic signals are sampled and analyzed using a novel feature parameter extraction algorithm-the energy-frequency cepstral coefficient, which uses wavelet packet decomposition to obtain energy distribution statistics in the frequency domain of the signal, and constructs a signal-dependent filter bank to achieve the cepstral coefficient extraction. Compared with the traditional Mel filter bank, this method can adaptively adjust the resolution of the filter bank according to the frequency characteristics of the classified samples. This allows for higher frequency resolution in regions where the energy distribution is concentrated. As a result, the extracted feature parameters achieve both dimensional compression and superior information retention. Experimental results show that the proposed energy-frequency cepstral coefficient feature outperforms the traditional Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient feature, resulting in a higher accuracy of tunnel lining detection. The convolutional neural network model achieves an accuracy of 99.2%, with a 78.9% reduction in error rate compared with the traditional Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient feature parameters. Additionally, a particle swarm optimization support vector machine model is trained to achieve an accuracy rate of 99.6% and an error rate reduction of 76.5%.