bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron ionization mass spectra and tautomerism of substituted 2‐phenacylquinolines
Authors: Martiskainen Olli , Gawinecki Ryszard , Ośmiałowski Borys , Wiinamäki Kirsti , Pihlaja Kalevi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTautomerism has been studied conventionally in solutions or in the solid state. However, the importance of mass spectrometry in the gas phase was realized relatively late. 2‐Phenacylquinolines are known to undergo ketimine‐enaminone tautomerism. The ratio of tautomers is dependent on the nature of the phenyl ring substituent and the Hammett substituent constants σ. Theoretical calculations indicate the presence of ketimine and enaminone tautomers in the gas phase. The electron ionization mass spectra of eight 2‐phenacylquinolines (ketimine form) were recorded at 70 eV in order to determine the fragmentation routes and to screen for the presence of their enaminone tautomers, (Z)‐2‐benzoylmethylene‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines, in the gas phase. The relative abundances or total ion currents of some ions correlated with the Hammett substituent constants and Hammett‐Brown constants. The product ions [M–CO]+. and [M–HCO]+ were observed. A reaction mechanism is suggested for the formation of these ions, requiring skeletal rearrangements. The results furnish information relating to tautomerism in the gas phase. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotically enhanced coronary artery bypass grafting: the feasibility and clinical outcome of 196 procedures
Authors: Caynak Baris , Sagbas Ertan , Onan Burak , Onan Ismihan Selen , Sanisoglu Ilhan , Akpinar Belhhan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of robotically enhanced myocardial revascularization and to present the clinical outcome of 196 patients.MethodsAll internal thoracic arteries were harvested with the aid of a robotic surgical system. While off‐pump revascularization techniques were mostly used, peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass was needed in some cases with multivessel disease.ResultsA single (n = 118) or multivessel (n = 74) coronary revascularization was performed. Four patients had to be converted to median sternotomy. There was no operative mortality. Follow‐up was complete in 88% (n = 169) patients. The rate of freedom from ischaemic symptoms was 98.2% at mean 22 ± 3 months. Graft patency was 96.4% (81/84).ConclusionsBy increasing surgical capabilities, robotically enhanced CABG in single or multivessel coronary disease was safe, effective and reasonable. It can be an alternative approach to percutaneous methods and conventional surgical techniques, or even used in acute coronary events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of TCP‐based applications over DVB‐RCS DAMA schemes
Authors: Luglio M. , Roseti Cesare , Zampognaro F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) performance over Digital Video Broadcasting—Return Channel via Satellite (DVB‐RCS) standard is greatly affected by the total delay, which is mainly due to two components, propagation delay and access delay. Both are significant because they are dependent on the long propagation path of the satellite link. The former is intrinsic and due to radio wave propagation over the satellite channel for both TCP packets and acknowledgements. It is regulated by the control loop that governs TCP. The latter is due to the control loop that governs the demand assignment multiple access (DAMA) signalling exchange between satellite terminals and the network control center, necessary to manage return link resources. DAMA is adopted in DVB‐RCS standard to achieve flexible and efficient use of the shared resources. Therefore, performance of TCP over DVB‐RCS may degrade due to the exploitation of two nested control loops also depending on both the selected DAMA algorithm and the traffic profile.This paper analyses the impact of basic DAMA implementation on TCP‐based applications over a DVB‐RCS link for a large set of study cases. To provide a detailed overview of TCP performance in DVB‐RCS environment, the analysis includes both theoretical approach and simulation campaign. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pragmatism and rationalism in the development of management science methodologies in the UK and France
Authors: Paucar‐Caceres Alberto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe development of a range of management science methodologies (MSMs) such as ‘soft’ operational research (OR) has been a feature of the UK OR practice over the last decades. This paper suggests that the increasing number of soft approaches developed in the UK is a direct consequence of the pragmatism in management education and management practice in Britain; and of the development of a robust British systems movement that has been engaged with the British OR community. Rationalism prevalent in French management education has kept OR/MS practice biased towards the hard end of MSM. We explore the usage of hard and soft methods and present results of a mailed survey administered to a small sample of British and French MBA graduates working in consultancy. Results reflect features of British and French business culture and management education; and indicate the different directions taken by the MS/OR movements in these two countries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different dose‐dependent correction of MIP‐1β and chitotriosidase during initial enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: van Breemen M. J. , de Fost M. , Maas M. , Wiersma M. G. , Hollak C. E. M. , Poll L. W. , vom Dahl S. , Boot R. G. , Aerts J. M. F. G. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryIn tissue lesions of type I Gaucher patients, characteristic lipid‐laden macrophages, ‘Gaucher cells’, are surrounded by inflammatory phagocytes. Gaucher cells secrete the elevated plasma chitotriosidase. The elevated plasma MIP‐1β in Gaucher patients stems from the phagocytes surrounding the Gaucher cells. Plasma chitotriosidase and MIP‐1β decrease upon successful enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with mannose‐terminated recombinant glucocerebrosidase (alglucerase). Previous histochemical analysis of Gaucher spleens revealed that Gaucher cells express little mannose receptor, in contrast to surrounding phagocytes. We therefore investigated the corrective effects of ERT on plasma MIP‐1β and chitotriosidase in more detail. We also compared effects of one year of treatment with a relatively low dose and a relatively high dose of ERT. A more rapid correction in plasma MIP‐1β, compared to chitotriosidase, was observed in most patients on low‐dose ERT. Correction of plasma MIP‐1β and chitotriosidase levels was more pronounced in the higher‐dosed patient group. Upon prolonged treatment, differences in the effects of enzyme dose were no longer significant. Normalization of plasma MIP‐1β and chitotriosidase levels was attained in the majority of patients. In conclusion, ERT with mannose‐terminated gluocerebrosidase results in prominent corrections of plasma chitotriosidase, a marker of Gaucher cells, and in particular of plasma MIP‐1β, a marker of inflammatory phagocytes. The sharper response in plasma MIP‐1β to ERT is in line with the observation that especially phagocytes surrounding Gaucher cells express mannose‐receptors.
Microscopy Study of Distribution of Laundry Fabric Softener on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Obendorf S. Kay , Dixit Vivechana , Woo Dong Jin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDistribution of fabric softeners on cotton terry cloth was studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The unsaturated groups in the quaternary fabric softeners were tagged with osmium tetroxide to provide contrast in the microscopy. Longitudinal specimens showed the fabric softeners distributed over the cotton fiber surfaces with more in the crenulation of the fiber. Cross sectional specimens revealed that the fabric softener was distributed throughout the cotton fibers with higher concentrations of fabric softener observed in the lumen and crenulation than in the secondary wall and non‐crenulated fiber surface. This distribution of fabric softener is consistent with deposition on both external fiber surfaces and internal fibril surfaces. The deposition and final surface coverage is strongly dependent on the pH value of the washing medium. Repeated treatment cycles with fabric softener using a higher pH washing media resulted in higher concentrations of fabric softener on and within the cotton fibers. Neutral or lower pH washing media resulted in a somewhat constant concentration of fabric softener on and with cotton fibers with increased number of treatment cycles. Differences in perception of softness of the treated fabrics are not explained by differences in distribution of the fabric softener; it appear that there is an optimum amount of softener to achieve the desired sensory response and that further deposition build‐up does not increase perception of softness.
Plasma LCAT Activity and Lipid Subfraction Composition in Obese Beagles Undergoing Weight Loss
Authors: Angell Rebecca , Mitsuhashi Yuka , Bigley Karen , Bauer John E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe relationship between lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and weight loss in dogs was investigated. Four experimental weight‐loss diets were fed to 12 obese female beagles for 56 days in a partial crossover design (n = 6). High‐ (HGI) or low‐ (LGI) glycemic index starch and diacylglycerol or triacylglycerol oils were combined to compose experimental diets with similar fatty acid profiles. Food intake and body weights were measured daily and weekly, respectively. Fasted blood samples were drawn at day 0, day 28, and day 56 to measure plasma LCAT activity and total (TC), unesterified (UC), and esterified (EC) cholesterol concentrations, and for fatty acid analysis of the phospholipid (PL) and EC fractions. The LGI groups lost more weight than the HGI groups due to starch digestibility differences. An HGI starch effect on TC and UC concentrations was observed but was unrelated to weight loss. LCAT activities increased over time but were not different after controlling for percentage weight loss. However, a positive linear correlation was found between LCAT and UC concentrations in all groups. Plasma PL fatty acid profiles reflected the diets fed, but increases in 16 and 18 carbon saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in all groups appeared to be an effect of fatty acid mobilization from storage sites. Both plasma PL and EC fatty acid profiles were similar with both acylglycerol types and EC fatty acids reflected linoleic acid specificity with minimal diet or time effects.
The Swedish breeding cat: Population description, infectious diseases and reproductive performance evaluated by a questionnaire
Authors: Ström Holst Bodil , Frössling Jenny 
Published: March 2009

The questionnaire based study gives a combined description of management, infectious diseases and reproductive performance in breeding catteries during 1 year. The mean number of cats per cattery was 6.1, and 25% of the breeders let some of their cats have free access to outdoors. Breeders reported that infection with feline panleukopenia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus or feline leukaemia virus was uncommon, but 8% of the breeders had sold or had themselves owned a cat that died of feline infectious peritonitis. Presence of conjunctivitis was reported by 33.3% of the breeders. Mean litter size was 3.7±1.5, with 9.7% stillbirths and 8.3% kitten mortality week 1–12. The percentage of stillborn kittens increased with the age of the queen and litter size, and also differed among breeds. Kitten mortality differed among breeds, but did not increase with age of the queen. Seven percent of the litters were delivered by caesarean section, significantly more during winter and positively associated with presence of stillborn kittens.
Anatomy of the transarcuate approach to the petrous apex
Authors: Lee Alice , Hamidi Sanaz , Djalilian Hamid 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveDetermine the dimensions of the approach to the petrous apex through the crura of the superior semicircular canal (SSC).Study DesignMeasurements obtained from high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images.Subjects and MethodsOne hundred ninety‐two HRCTs were screened and 58 temporal bones with pneumatized posterior petrous apex cell tracts in 39 patients were identified and reviewed. Measurements were obtained with the assistance of the standard PACS (picture archiving and communication system) software.ResultsThe mean anterior‐posterior (AP) dimension of the intercrural space of the SSC was 4.88 ± 0.49 mm. The mean superior‐inferior (SI) dimension of this space was 4.90 ± 0.62 mm. When air cells were present in the intercrural space, the dimensions of the approach increased to 5.27 ± 0.50 mm for the AP dimension (P = 0.014) and 5.27 ± 0.70 mm for the SI dimension (P = 0.056).ConclusionThe subarcuate approach is a potential route for the drainage of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas with minimal risk to the SSC, as demonstrated on HRCT measurements.
Modern and late Quaternary clay mineral distribution in the area of the SE Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Hamann Yvonne , Ehrmann Werner , Schmiedl Gerhard , Kuhnt Tanja 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe present-day clay mineral distribution in the southeastern Levantine Sea and its borderlands reveals a complex pattern of different sources and distribution paths. Smectite dominates the suspended load of the Nile River and of rivers in the Near East. Illite sources are dust-bearing winds from the Sahara and southwestern Europe. Kaolinite is prevalent in rivers of the Sinai, in Egyptian wadis, and in Saharan dust. A high-resolution sediment core from the southeastern Levantine Sea spanning the last 27 ka shows that all these sources contributed during the late Quaternary and that the Nile River played a very important role in the supply of clay. Nile influence was reduced during the glacial period but was higher during the African Humid Period. In contrast to the sharp beginning and end of the African Humid Period recorded in West African records (15 and 5.5 ka), our data show a more transitional pattern and slightly lower Nile River discharge rates not starting until 4 ka. The similarity of the smectite concentrations with fluctuations in sea-surface temperatures of the tropical western Indian Ocean indicates a close relationship between the Indian Ocean climate system and the discharge of the Nile River.
Dietary intake, physical activity and nutritional status in adults: the French nutrition and health survey (ENNS, 2006–2007)
Authors: Castetbon Katia , Vernay Michel , Malon Aurélie , Salanave Benoit , Deschamps Valérie , Roudier Candice , Oleko Amivi , Szego Emmanuelle , Hercberg Serge 
Published: March 2009

The French National Programme on Nutrition and Health (Programme national nutrition santé (PNNS)), the aim of which is to reduce nutrition-related chronic diseases, necessitates monitoring of nutritional characteristics. Our objective was to describe dietary intake, physical activity and nutritional status in a national sample of adults, especially according to current French recommendations. The study is based on a cross-sectional population-based survey using a multistage sampling design (Etude nationale nutrition santé (ENNS)). Between February 2006 and March 2007, 3115 18–74-year-old adults were included (participation rate 59·7 %). Energy, macronutrient and food consumption were estimated through three randomly distributed 24 h recalls, and compared to PNNS recommendations; physical activity was described using International Physical Activity Questionnaire guidelines; anthropometry, blood pressure and biochemical measurements were assessed according to national and international references. When compared to current recommendations, intake of carbohydrates (>50 % energy intake without alcohol: 26·4 %), SFA ( < 35 % total lipids: 18·5 %) and total fibre (>25 g/d: 13·7 %) was frequently unsatisfactory. While overall consumption of ‘meat, seafood and eggs’ was satisfactory, that of fruits and vegetables ( ≥ 400 g/d: 43·8 %) and seafood (two or more servings per week: 29·9 %) was frequently too low. The physical activity level was satisfactory at 63·2 %. Overweight was observed in 49·3 % of adults, while 30·9 % were hypertensive and 44·1 % had dyslipidaemia. Vitamin and iron-poor status was found to affect less than 10 % of the population. Based on the ENNS survey, overall nutrition remains a problem in France. Comparison of these data with those of other countries could contribute to a better understanding of variations in nutrition-related diseases.
FACTORS INFLUENCING UNION FORMATION IN NAIROBI, KENYA
Authors: BOCQUIER PHILIPPE , KHASAKHALA ANNE 
Published: March 2009

SummaryUsing retrospective data from the Urban Integration Survey conducted in 2001 in Nairobi, Kenya, on a sample of 955 women and men aged 25–54, this paper compares factors influencing entry into union formation for men and women. The analysis uses event history methods, specifically Cox Proportional Hazards regression, stratified by age cohort and run separately by sex. The results indicate that delay in union formation is more pronounced for women than for men. Cohabitation without formal marriage is the prominent form of union, especially among the younger generation, and appears to have increased. For men, the timing of union is more dependent upon human capital acquisition than on cultural factors. These findings show that the marriage search model, which was first applied in Western countries, can also hold in cities of developing countries. Nonetheless, neither the search model nor the integration or the independence models apply to women's union formation, which very few exogenous factors can explain.
UTILIZATION OF SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN VIETNAM
Authors: DO MAI 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe private sector in health care in Vietnam has been increasingly competing with the government in primary health care services. However, little is known about the use of skilled birth attendance or about choice of public and private sectors among those who opt for skilled attendants. Using data from the Vietnam 2002 Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines factors related to women’s decision-making of whether to have a skilled birth attendant at a recent childbirth, and if they did, whether it was a public or private sector provider. The study indicates that the use of the private sector for delivery services was significant. Women’s household wealth, education, antenatal care and community’s wealth were positively related to skilled birth attendance, while ethnicity and order of childbirth were negatively related. Order of childbirth was positively associated with skilled birth attendance in the private sector. Among service environment factors, increased access to public sector health centres was associated with an increased likelihood of skilled birth attendance in general, but a lowered chance of that in the private sector. Further studies are needed to assess the current situation in the private sector, the demand for delivery services in the private sector, and its readiness to provide quality services.
Reliability of perceptions of voice quality: evidence from a problem asthma clinic population
Authors: Sellars C , Stanton A E , McConnachie A , Dunnet C P , Chapman L M , Bucknall C E , MacKenzie K 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntroduction:Methods of perceptual voice evaluation have yet to achieve satisfactory consistency; complete acceptance of a recognised clinical protocol is still some way off.Materials and methods:Three speech and language therapists rated the voices of 43 patients attending the problem asthma clinic of a teaching hospital, according to the grade-roughness-breathiness-asthenicity-strain (GRBAS) scale and other perceptual categories.Results and analysis:Use of the GRBAS scale achieved only a 64.7 per cent inter-rater reliability and a 69.6 per cent intra-rater reliability for the grade component. One rater achieved a higher degree of consistency. Improved concordance on the GRBAS scale was observed for subjects with laryngeal abnormalities. Raters failed to reach any useful level of agreement in the other categories employed, except for perceived gender.Discussion:These results should sound a note of caution regarding routine adoption of the GRBAS scale for characterising voice quality for clinical purposes. The importance of training and the use of perceptual anchors for reliable perceptual rating need to be further investigated.
Early results for treatment of unilateral vocal fold palsy with injection medialisation under local anaesthetic
Authors: Pratap R , Mehta P , Blagnys B , Montgomery P Q 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:The diagnosis and treatment of unilateral vocal fold palsy is a common part of otolaryngology practice. In those patients in whom resolution of symptoms is slow, the resulting dysphonia can have a dramatic effect on the patient's quality of voice and life. We have previously described the procedure of direct phonoplasty under local anaesthesia using the transnasal laryngoesophagoscope.Objective:To examine the subjective and objective data for the first five patients to undergo this procedure, in the form of laryngographic speech analysis, perceptual assessment and therapy outcome measures.Results:Analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in voice quality, in all the above assessment categories, following local anaesthetic direct phonoplasty using the transnasal laryngoesophagoscope.Conclusion:Collagen injection via transnasal flexible laryngoesophagoscopy is a particularly useful technique for treating vocal fold medialisation, especially in palliative care patients and those with shortened life expectancy.
Night emergency cover for ENT in England: a national survey
Authors: Biswas D , Rafferty A , Jassar P 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the quality of out-of-hours ENT on-call cover by junior doctors, in view of the European Working Time Directive and the recent changes in the National Health Service workforce due to the ‘Modernising Medical Careers’ initiative, in England.Methods:We performed a national survey of first-on-call doctors for ENT, using a telephone questionnaire. Hospital contact details were sourced from the National Health Service website. The inclusion criterion was hospitals providing acute ENT facilities overnight in England.Results:One hundred and nineteen hospitals were contacted; 91 were eligible, and 83 interviews were conducted. The grade of the first-on-call ENT doctor ranged from foundation year two (19 per cent) to registrar level or above (13 per cent). Forty-nine respondents (68 per cent) reported having no previous ENT experience. Fifty-three respondents (74 per cent) covered more than one speciality at night, with seven (10 per cent) covering four or more specialities. The second-on-call doctor was non-resident in 63 cases (88 per cent). Thirty respondents (42 per cent) stated that they did not feel comfortable managing common ENT emergencies as the first doctor on call. Otorhinolaryngology induction courses were offered in 37 of the respondents’ hospitals (51 per cent), these courses were of varying duration.Conclusion:Night-time ENT care is often provided by junior doctors with little experience of the speciality, who are often also responsible for covering multiple specialities. Many reported not feeling comfortable managing common ENT emergencies. Structured induction programmes would help to provide basic knowledge and should be mandatory for all doctors covering ENT.