bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cathodic protection of aluminium in seawater
Authors: Knudsen Ole Øystein , Vada Eystein , Krieger Waldemar , Bertram Jan , Jevremovic Ivana , Wilson Håvard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCathodic protection of various 6000 aluminium alloys and variants of EN AW‐5083 in seawater has been studied. The alloys were immersed in seawater and polarized to about −1.06 V versus Ag/AgCl for 1 year. The cathodic current density increased initially due to formation of a copper film on the surface, but the effect was temporary. After 200 days, the current demand for cathodic protection had stabilized on all the investigated alloys at 0 to about 20 mA/m2, depending on the Fe/Si ratio in the alloy. Depending on the content of noble intermetallic particles, the aluminium will corrode at a low and constant rate. Application of a coating on the aluminium will decrease the cathodic current demand for cathodic protection significantly. Coatings on submerged aluminium are very stable and not susceptible to degradation mechanisms like cathodic disbonding.
Insertion sequence transposition activates antimycobacteriophage immunity through an lsr2‐silenced lipid metabolism gene island
Authors: Li Yakun , Wei Yuyun , Guo Xiao , Li Xiaohui , Lu Lining , Hu Lihua , He Zheng‐Guo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInsertion sequences (ISs) exist widely in bacterial genomes, but their roles in the evolution of bacterial antiphage defense remain to be clarified. Here, we report that, under the pressure of phage infection, the IS1096 transposition of Mycobacterium smegmatis into the lsr2 gene can occur at high frequencies, which endows the mutant mycobacterium with a broad‐spectrum antiphage ability. Lsr2 functions as a negative regulator and directly silences expression of a gene island composed of 11 lipid metabolism‐related genes. The complete or partial loss of the gene island leads to a significant decrease of bacteriophage adsorption to the mycobacterium, thus defending against phage infection. Strikingly, a phage that has evolved mutations in two tail‐filament genes can re‐escape from the lsr2 inactivation‐triggered host defense. This study uncovered a new signaling pathway for activating antimycobacteriophage immunity by IS transposition and provided insight into the natural evolution of bacterial antiphage defense.
An integrative review of home care recommendations for women after caesarean section
Authors: Mdoe Mwajuma Bakari , Mselle Lilian Teddy , Kibusi Stephen Mathew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo describe home‐based care and practices recommended for mothers after caesarean section (CS), existing in the literature.DesignSystematic review.MethodsThis integrative literature review was conducted by using Google Scholar, PubMed and Hinari databases from its inception to June 2021. The search included research articles, protocols and guidelines that describe home care practice after CS and assessed for their quality. Synthesis of recommendations from the included literature was classified based on the type of study design, and the review was guided by methodology registered in Prospero (ID CRD42021276905).ResultsA total of 681 literatures were found, and 12 met the criteria. Recommended home care components were divided into four major categories; wound care practice (wound cleaning, drying and bandage change); nutrition (high‐protein diet, vitamin C, fibre and balanced diet); exercise (pelvic floor muscle, walking and breathing exercise) and hygiene (bathing and wearing clean clothes). There was limited literature addressing the components of perineal care and home environment. Varying recommendations were found regarding wound cleaning and dressing in the studies done in low‐ and high‐income countries.
A path to human‐raccoon dog harmony: Identifying factors influencing the tolerance of urban residents in Shanghai towards a neglected species
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Wang Yihan , Wu Lejie , Feng Yidi , Li Yuhan , Zhang Zhuojin , Zhao Qing , Wang Fang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Human‐wildlife interactions become increasingly common in urban areas across all continents and ecosystem types. Depending on the context, human‐wildlife interactions can be categorized as harmonious, neutrality, or in conflict and raises cultural, economic and ecological challenges in maintaining urban biodiversity. Understanding the mechanism behind the tolerance of residents to the presence of wildlife is vital to promoting a harmonious coexistence between humans and wildlife in urban environments.

To advance our knowledge of this mechanism, we developed a questionnaire to survey residents in Shanghai, China about their knowledge of and attitude towards raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), a species whose population is increasing in urban areas. Using 281 questionnaires, we conducted structural equation modelling to examine how relational values, including familiarity with raccoon dogs, perceived benefits and risks, together with residents' trust in wildlife management authorities, interactively influence the tolerance for this species.

We found that the residents' familiarity with raccoon dogs positively influenced their tolerance, both directly and indirectly through increased perceived benefits and reduced perceived risks. Furthermore, trust in wildlife management authorities contributed to higher tolerance through perceived benefits. Our results suggested that education about the relational values of raccoon dogs to the public can reduce the traditional negative connotation for this species and promote the coexistence of people and raccoon dogs in Shanghai urban environment.

Based on our understanding about how raccoon dogs were culturally constructed and the willingness of residents to share landscapes with the species, we advocate that relational values play an important role in future urban biodiversity conservation planning. We also advocate for education programs that familiarize the public with raccoon dogs as well as other species, which can turn urban human‐wildlife conflicts into harmonious relationships in Shanghai and other urban areas.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A cross‐cultural latent profile analysis of university students' cognitive test anxiety and related cognitive‐motivational factors
Authors: Thomas Christopher L. , Ozer Omer 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe successful treatment of test anxiety treatment requires an understanding of the unique barriers and challenges faced by test‐anxious students. Therefore, the current study utilized a combination of person‐centered and qualitative methods to investigate the existence of unique subpopulations or subtypes of test‐anxious students within Turkish and United States student samples. University students (N = 422) completed measures of cognitive test anxiety, self‐efficacy, academic buoyancy, failure appraisal, academic self‐handicapping, and goal commitment. Participants also completed open‐ended questions assessing facilitators and inhibitors of academic success. The results of a multigroup latent profile analysis identified four learner subtypes in both the Turkish and United States samples. However, our analyses revealed structural differences in latent profiles identified in two cultural contexts. Furthermore, the qualitative results emphasized the importance of self‐regulated learning, buoyancy, goal commitment, and self‐actualization to academic success. Our discussion emphasizes the importance of considering learners' unique characteristics when designing educational supports.
Parliament, petitions and pandemic: Conspiracism in Australia's federal e‐petitions system, 2020−2021
Authors: Lyall Ben , Marple Patrick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, some groups and individuals rearticulated state power through conspiracy theories. Despite their fringe status, conspiracy theory beliefs can directly animate citizen's engagements with institutions. Drawing on Barkun's ‘conventional’ and ‘stigmatised’ knowledge types, we analyse the appearance of conspiracism in citizen e‐petitions, and their rebuttal by government ministries. Our data are e‐petitions submitted to the House of Representatives in the Parliament of Australia between 2020 and 2021. Petitions and responses are snapshots of pandemic governance in motion: unfolding through contested interpretations of a diverse range of subjects including virology, immunisation and border security. The novel characteristics of conspiracist petitions allow theories to persist, irrespective of their place in wider society: they appropriate e‐petition system affordances, compete directly with institutions and officials, reframe events to maintain narratives over time, and serve as entrepreneurial activity for individual conspiracists. E‐petitions remain an essential democratic forum between citizens and federal parliament but represent challenges for policymaking and government communication in uncertain times.
An empirical confinement model for ANFO explosive
Authors: Suceska Muhamed , Bohanek Vjecislav , Dobrilovic Ivana , Skrlec Vinko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmmonium‐nitrate‐fuel‐oil (ANFO) explosive, one of the most used mining explosives, exhibits highly non‐ideal behaviour. The non‐ideality of the detonation is manifested in the strong dependence of the detonation velocity on the charge radius and existence and the characteristics of confinement. This can lead to the detonation velocities as low as one‐third of the ideal velocity. The literature reported experimental detonation velocities of cylindrical ANFO charges confined in different confiners (aluminium, copper, steel, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinyl chloride) are analysed in this paper. An empirical confinement model, which relates the detonation velocity to the charge radius and the mass of the confiner to the mass of explosive ratio per unit length, is proposed. The model predicts the detonation velocity of unconfined and confined ANFO charges with a mean average percentage error of 8.8 %.
The impact of the new trend of urban‐to‐urban migration on fertility behaviors
Authors: Yi Yang , Shangguan Yiwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn China, urban‐to‐urban migration is an emerging migration trend that may have different impacts on fertility behavior. Based on the China General Social Survey, this study provides an in‐depth examination of the impact of urban‐to‐urban migration on fertility behavior. The findings show that urban‐to‐urban migrants tend to adopt more conservative fertility decisions, including lowering the likelihood of having children, delaying the age of first birth, and lengthening birth intervals. Traditional catch‐up and interference hypotheses fail to account for these results, whereas findings from the selectivity hypothesis suggest that urban‐to‐urban migrants anticipate lower numbers of children and maintain more open attitudes towards sexuality, potentially contributing to the conservative fertility behaviors. In addition, the study also reveals that urban‐to‐urban migration appears to promote a more open and liberal attitude towards childbearing, particularly weakening discriminatory attitudes towards women entrenched in feudal notions. This study has not only enriched the theories of migrant fertility behavior but also offered a new perspective on the recent changes in China's fertility rate.
An analysis of fog and low stratus life‐cycle regimes over central Europe
Authors: Pauli Eva , Cermak Jan , Andersen Hendrik , Fuchs Julia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA better understanding of fog and low stratus (FLS) life cycles, in particular the typical onset and dissipation times, can help traffic safety and solar power planning. Besides its high dependence on the prevalent meteorological conditions, the FLS life cycle is further determined by the FLS type as well as the underlying geography and climate. While satellite‐based FLS data sets with high temporal and spatial resolution are available, an objective, large‐scale, satellite‐based classification of FLS life‐cycle regions, which would allow for more targeted analyses of the FLS life cycle, is lacking. In this study, a hierarchical clustering algorithm is applied to identify regions of similar relationships of the FLS life cycle to environmental conditions over central Europe. The clustering reveals major FLS life‐cycle regimes with distinct differences in FLS occurrence, temporal FLS life‐cycle patterns, and climatic characteristics. Based on regime‐specific sensitivity analyses, the relationships of the FLS life cycle with near‐ground temperature and specific humidity are identified as the most relevant input relationships for the clustering algorithm, especially in the Mediterranean region. FLS life‐cycle regimes are further presented at a regional scale, outlining the applicability of the derived FLS life‐cycle regimes to future regional process‐oriented FLS life‐cycle studies.
eRPCA: Robust Principal Component Analysis for Exponential Family Distributions
Authors: Zheng Xiaojun , Mak Simon , Xie Liyan , Xie Yao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRobust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a widely used method for recovering low‐rank structure from data matrices corrupted by significant and sparse outliers. These corruptions may arise from occlusions, malicious tampering, or other causes for anomalies, and the joint identification of such corruptions with low‐rank background is critical for process monitoring and diagnosis. However, existing RPCA methods and their extensions largely do not account for the underlying probabilistic distribution for the data matrices, which in many applications are known and can be highly non‐Gaussian. We thus propose a new method called RPCA for exponential family distributions (), which can perform the desired decomposition into low‐rank and sparse matrices when such a distribution falls within the exponential family. We present a novel alternating direction method of multiplier optimization algorithm for efficient decomposition, under either its natural or canonical parametrization. The effectiveness of is then demonstrated in two applications: the first for steel sheet defect detection and the second for crime activity monitoring in the Atlanta metropolitan area.
Facile and Rapid Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles on Unconventional Imine‐ Decorated Silica
Authors: Mohanapriya N. , Chandrasekaran Naveen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe demonstrate the reduction of gold (Au) on silica monoliths by surface decoration of amine and imine (formed by reaction of amine present in 3‐amino propyl triethoxy silane (APTES) and acetone) functionalities on the surface of silica. The reduction of Au3+ to Au0 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐Diffuse reflectance and X‐ray Photo electron spectroscopic techniques. Without employing the conventional strategies with reducing agents like sodium borohydride and sodium citrate, here, the surface functionalized amine and imine was found to reduce the metal ions, additionally, the surface silanols was found to anchor and serve as the adsorption sites to hold the metal ions prior to reduction. The control experiment was performed with silica monoliths without the surface functionalities displayed no evident reduction of Au3+ to their respective metallic form. Interestingly, the reduction of Au was found to be more facile on imine modified silica, due to the strong electrostatic interaction of highly polarized imine with Au3+ ions.
Co−Fe‐based Heterometallo‐Supramolecular Polymer for Non‐Enzymatic Electrochemical Nitrite Detection and the Study of Electron Transfer Kinetics
Authors: Akter Riva , Mia Md. Mithu , Awal Abdul , Hossain Md. Delwar , Ahammad A. J. Saleh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHere, we report the fabrication of Heterometallo‐supramolecular polymer (H‐SMP) for the selective oxidation of nitrite with the investigation of some kinetic parameters by the complex formation of Co(II) and Fe(II) salts with the symmetrical ligand which is composed of terpyridine moieties specially referred to as [4′,4′′′′‐(1,4‐Phenylene)bis(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine)] to form polyCoFe. The characterization of polyCoFe was carried out using UV‐Vis titration, FT‐IR and SEM. The viscosity measurement of H‐SMP was utilized to calculate its molecular weight using Mark‐Houwink‐Sakurada equation. The electrochemical performance of polyCoFe_GCE was evaluated using the CV and EIS techniques. The kinetics of the irreversible electro‐oxidation mechanism were investigated by introducing variations in scan‐rate and pH. The concurrence observed between the experimental and simulated CV results provided additional evidence supporting the accuracy and reliability of the determined kinetic parameters. We investigated the efficiency of polyCoFe_GCE for nitrite detection at various concentrations using CV as well as amperometry methods. The amperometric technique showed a wide linear range of 0.66 to 194.15 μM and a low detection limit of 0.11 μM. In addition, modified electrode underwent interference, stability, and reproducibility tests. Real samples were analyzed using both CV and amperometry methods, and the obtained results were compared with those obtained from standard solutions.
Plasma‐Driven Tuning of Dielectric Permittivity in Graphene
Authors: Tatarova Elena , Dias Ana , Dankov Plamen , Kissovski Jivko , Botelho do Rego Ana Maria , Bundaleska Neli , Felizardo Edgar , Abrashev Miroslav , Ferraria Ana Maria , Strunskus Thomas , Shvalya Vasyl , Santhosh Neelakandan M. , Ivanov Ivan Valeriev , Košiček Martin , Zavašnik Janez , Alves Luis Lemos , Gonçalves Bruno , Cvelbar Uroš 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMaterials with tunable negative electromagnetic performance, i.e., where dielectric permittivity becomes negative, have long been pursued in materials research due to their peculiar electromagnetic (EM) characteristics. Here, this promising feature is reported in materials on the case of plasma‐synthesized nitrogen‐doped graphene sheets with tunable permittivity over a wide (1–40 GHz) frequency range. Selectively incorporated nitrogen atoms in a graphene scaffold tailor the electronic structure in a way that provides an ultra‐low energy (0.5–2 eV) 2D surface plasmon excitation, leading to subunitary and negative dielectric constant values in the Ka‐band, from 30 up to 40 GHz. By allowing the tailoring of structures at atomic scale, this novel plasma‐based approach creates a new paradigm for designing 2D nanomaterials like nanocarbons with controllable and tunable permittivity, opening a path to the next generation of 2D metamaterials.
Ferroelectric Bi2O2Te‐Based Plasmonic Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Detection
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Lixuan , Li Penghui , Nie Anmin , Zhai Kun , Xiang Jianyong , Mu Congpu , Wen Fusheng , Wang Bochong , Xue Tianyu , Liu Zhongyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUltrasensitive detection of biomarkers, particularly proteins, and microRNA, is critical for disease early diagnosis. Although surface plasmon resonance biosensors offer label‐free, real‐time detection, it is challenging to detect biomolecules at low concentrations that only induce a minor mass or refractive index change on the analyte molecules. Here an ultrasensitive plasmonic biosensor strategy is reported by utilizing the ferroelectric properties of Bi2O2Te as a sensitive‐layer material. The polarization alteration of ferroelectric Bi2O2Te produces a significant plasmonic biosensing response, enabling the detection of charged biomolecules even at ultralow concentrations. An extraordinary ultralow detection limit of 1 fm is achieved for protein molecules and an unprecedented 0.1 fm for miRNA molecules, demonstrating exceptional specificity. The finding opens a promising avenue for the integration of 2D ferroelectric materials into plasmonic biosensors, with potential applications spanning a wide range.
Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction via Electronic Structure Regulation: Activating PtRh with Rare Earth Tm Alloying
Authors: Li Qingqing , Zhang Botao , Sun Chang , Sun Xiaolei , Li Zhenxing , Du Yaping , Liu Jin‐Cheng , Luo Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for producing green hydrogen, yet it remains challenging due to the sluggish kinetics in alkaline environments. Pt is located near the peak of HER volcano plot, owing to its exceptional performance in hydrogen adsorption and desorption, and Rh plays an important role in H2O dissociation. Lanthanides (Ln) are commonly used to modulate the electronic structure of materials and further influence the adsorption/desorption of reactants, intermediates, and products, and noble metal‐Ln alloys are recognized as effective platforms where Ln elements regulate the catalytic properties of noble metals. Here Pt1.5Rh1.5Tm alloy is synthesized using the sodium vapor reduction method. This alloy demonstrates superior catalytic activity, being 4.4 and 6.6 times more effective than Pt/C and Rh/C, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the upshift of d‐band center and the charge transfer induced by alloying promote adsorption and dissociation of H2O, making Pt1.5Rh1.5Tm alloy more favorable for the alkaline HER reaction, both kinetically and thermodynamically.
Harnessing Natural Evaporation for Electricity Generation using MOF‐Based Nanochannels
Authors: Liu Huimin , Cui Peng , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Jingjing , Ge Ying , Zhou Zunkang , Meng Yao , Huang Zanying , Yang Ke , Du Zuliang , Cheng Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFunctionalized nanochannels can convert environmental thermal energy into electrical energy by driving water evaporation. This process involves the interaction between the solid–liquid interface and the natural water evaporation. The evaporation‐driven water potential effect is a novel green environmental energy capture technology that has a wide range of applications and does not depend on geographical location or environmental conditions, it can generate power as long as there is water, light, and heat. However, suitable materials and structures are needed to harness this natural process for power generation. MOF materials are an emerging field for water evaporation power generation, but there are still many challenges to overcome. This work uses MOF‐801, which has high porosity, charged surface, and hydrophilicity, to enhance the output performance of evaporation‐driven power generation. It can produce an open circuit voltage of ≈2.2 V and a short circuit current of ≈1.9 µA. This work has a simple structure, easy preparation, low‐cost and readily available materials, and good stability. It can operate stably in natural environments with high practical value.
A Wind Bell Inspired Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Extremely Low‑Speed and Omnidirectional Wind Energy Harvesting
Authors: Huang Jinlong , Shao Jiang , Zhong Wei , Sun Chao , Zhang Gengchen , Chen Longyi , Fang Jiwen , Li Chong , Wang Jia , Feng Xiaoming , Zhou Lijun , Mi Hongliang , Chen Jiawei , Dong Xiaohong , Liu Xue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs one of the most promising renewable energies, wind energy is abundant in the natural environment. However, it is still challenging to effectively collect wind energy because of its variable wind speed and unpredictable direction. Here, a triboelectric nanogenerator, which is inspired by ancient Chinese wind bells, has been developed to collect energy from variable‐speed and multi‐directional wind. The wind‐bell‐inspired triboelectric nanogenerator (W‐TENG) has the capability to generate electricity even at a very low wind speed of 0.5 m s−1. Furthermore, it is able to harvest wind energy effectively from all directions (0–360 degrees). The parameter‐optimized W‐TENG achieves a maximum output voltage of 9.3 V and a maximum current of 0.63 µA. Electronic devices including a digital watch and 40 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are successfully powered by the designed W‐TENG, demonstrating its applicability. In this study, it is believed that a novel and effective strategy is provided to harvest energy from variable‐speed and multi‐directional wind.