bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encoding the fundamental frequency of a complex tone in the presence of a spectrally overlapping masker
Authors: Carlyon Robert P. 
Published: October 2005

A series of experiments investigated listeners’ ability to encode the fundamental frequency (F0) of a group of harmonics (the ‘‘target’’) in the presence of a second, spectrally overlapping, group (the ‘‘masker’’). Experiment 1a was a sequential F0 discrimination task between two targets, whose F0s were geometrically centered on 210 Hz, in the presence of a 210-Hz masker. The target and the masker were bandpass filtered identically, either from 20 to 1420 Hz (‘‘low-frequency’’ condition) or from 3900 to 5400 Hz (‘‘high-frequency’’ condition). In the low-frequency condition the masker affected performance only moderately, regardless of whether it was gated synchronously with, or was turned on 150 ms before and off 150 ms after, each 200-ms target. In the high-frequency condition, the synchronous masker also had a moderate effect, but the asynchronous masker reduced performance dramatically. Whatever the masker gating, listeners did not hear the combination of the masker and target in this region as a mixture of two complex tones, but experienced a unitary noiselike or ‘‘crackle’’ percept. Experiment 1b showed that the large deterioration seen in the high-frequency condition of experiment 1a could be obtained in the low-frequency condition by reducing the F0 to 62.5 Hz, suggesting that the resolvability of adjacent harmonics was important for the effect.
Experiment 2 required listeners to detect a difference in F0 (‘‘ΔF0’’) between two simultaneous groups of components, one filtered in the high region and the other in the low region. Performance was only slightly degraded by a continuous masker filtered in the low region, but was reduced to chance by a masker in the high region. Experiment 3 showed that, as the ΔF0 between a masker and a target in the low region increased from 1% to 8%, listeners identified the mixture as sounding progressively ‘‘less fused,’’ but this was not the case in the high region. It is concluded that listeners are poor at extracting the F0s of two groups of unresolved harmonics in the same frequency region. The experiments provide no evidence that listeners can use the leading part of an asynchronous masker to identify its F0 and thereby help extract the target’s F0 from the mixture.
Propagation and analysis issues in the prediction of long-range reverberation
Authors: Smith Kevin B. , Hodgkiss William S. , Tappert Frederick D. 
Published: October 2005

Data collected from the Office of Naval Research-special research program (ONR-SRP) bottom reverberation research cruises consist of various environmental measurements (sound-speed profiles, bottom properties, etc.), extensive bathymetric mapping of the 300 km×150 km natural laboratory, and high-quality acoustic reverberation data recorded in both monostatic and bistatic geometries.
The analysis of the acoustic data and the effects of propagation are investigated. Accurate GPS tracking of the participating research vessels provided the precision necessary to attempt to correlate ‘‘spiky’’ reverberation events with bathymetric features. Understanding the limitations of our ability to resolve such features—due to imperfect signal processing, environmental variability, and complex multipath structures—is the main objective of this work. Using a simplified time-to-range conversion, the measured reverberation data can be displayed over the local bathymetry. This process shows good correlation between large-scale [O(km)] high-level returns and bathymetric ridge structures. Employing a PE propagation model in a quasi-cw manner, many of the large-scale reverberation features can be shown to correlate well with predicted high-level ensonification of the total field [low transmission loss (TL)]. Extending the model predictions to include time domain broadband pulse propagation, it can be shown for ranges greater than ∼20 km that multipaths and forward scatter produce complex ensonification patterns which are unresolvable in time and/or range. The effect of this on the ability to correlate finer scale returns and bathymetric features will be discussed. Preliminary analysis of data from a bottom mounted vertical array in the vicinity of 1/2 CZ exhibits strong evidence for the existence of these predicted multipaths and provides a means of confirming the relative intensities predicted by propagation models.
Inverse scattering using backpropagated eigenfunctions.
Authors: Mast T. Douglas , Nachman Adrian I. , Waag Robert C. 
Published: October 2005

A new approach to inverse scattering using the eigenfunctions of scattering operators is presented. This approach provides a unified framework that encompasses eigenfunction methods of focussing, diffraction tomography, and inverse scattering in arbitrary media. The eigenfunctions of scattering operators are used to specify source distributions that focus incident energy in the vicinity of inhomogeneities. The present inverse scattering approach represents unknown scattering media using products of numerically backpropagated fields of eigenfunctions. Recent progress in the mathematical theory of inverse scattering has suggested that these products are an appropriate basis for the reconstruction of unknown inhomogeneities. Because of the focussing property of scattering operators, these products also form an efficient basis for computational implementations of inverse scattering. The currently suggested approach has the further advantage of applicability to any medium for which a background Green’s function can be determined. Computational results illustrate focussing of eigenfunctions on discrete and distributed scattering media, quantitative imaging analogous to diffraction tomography, and high-resolution inverse scattering in media with strongly scattering inhomogeneous backgrounds.
All posters will be on display from 8:30 to 11:30 a.m. To allow contributors an opportunity to see other posters, contributors of odd-numbered papers will be at their posters from 8:30 to 10:00 a.m. and contributors of even-numbered papers will be at their posters from 10:00 to 11:30 a.m.
Vowel identification based on amplitude modulation
Authors: Moore Brian C. J. , Alcántara Joseph I. 
Published: October 2005

This study investigated the extent to which flat-spectrum harmonic complexes could be identified as one of six vowels when three pairs of successive harmonics, located at the first, second, and third formant frequency values, were amplitude modulated. In experiment 1, the amplitude modulation (AM) rate was at or close to 10 Hz. In condition 1, all components were added in cosine phase, and the 10-Hz AM was in phase for all ‘‘formants.’’ Performance improved monotonically with increasing modulation index, m. In condition 2, m was fixed at 0.5 and the level of each background harmonic was varied randomly (roved) from stimulus to stimulus. Even a rove range of only ±2 dB reduced scores considerably. Condition 3 was like condition 1, but with components added in random phase. Performance was very poor for all modulation indices. This suggests that subjects were unable to use momentary differences in level between formant and background harmonics, and supports the idea that, for cosine-phase stimuli, they were using information from the low-amplitude portions (‘‘valleys’’) of the cochlea-filtered waveforms. In further conditions, the components were added in cosine phase and the AM had a different phase and/or different rate (10, 16, and 24 Hz) on the different formants. Scores were very similar to those obtained when the AM was identical for all formants.
In experiment 2, the AM rate was at or close to 2 Hz. When all formants were modulated in phase at 2 Hz, very good performance was found for components added in cosine phase, and performance was essentially unaffected by making the AM different in rate and/or phase across formants. When the components were added in random phase, performance was well above chance when the formants were modulated in-phase at 2-Hz, but worsened markedly when the modulation differed in rate and/or phase across formants. Randomizing the level of each background harmonic caused performance to deteriorate and to become similar for cosine-phase and random-phase stimuli. Performance deteriorated further when the AM differed in phase across formants. The results suggest that, for a 2-Hz modulation rate, and when information from the valleys is not available, performance depends on momentary increases in level of the formant harmonics relative to the background.
Radiation impedance of a circular vibrating plate on the surface of viscoelastic media.
Authors: Kimura Masao 
Published: October 2005

Radiation impedance of a vibrating plate on the surface of a visco-elastic medium such as marine sediment varies with the viscoelastic properties of the medium. Therefore, it is possible to predict the viscoelastic properties using the characteristics of the radiation impedance. In this paper, the characteristics of radiation impedance of a circular vibrating plate on the surface of viscoelastic media were obtained by numerical analysis. The results showed that the values of ka (k is the wave number, a is the radius of a circular vibrating plate) at which the imaginary part of the radiation impedance becomes zero can be related to the ratio of the shear wave velocity to the longitudinal wave velocity, that is, the Poisson’s ratio. Next, measurements of radiation impedance for three kinds of urethane rubbers and two kinds of dry beach sands were done, and the measured values were compared to the calculated values.
The goal of this informal workshop is to bring together several researchers working on various aspects of voice perception. Historically, the study of voice has been treated as a more-or-less autonomous area quite distinct from other research problems in speech and hearing sciences. In this workshop, some of the traditional problems of voice classification and perception will be discussed and reviewed and then these efforts will be related to recent findings in speech perception and spoken word recognition which have shown important dependencies between traditional voice parameters and perceptual analysis of the speech signal. The contributors to the session include: Jody Kreiman, Diana VanLancker, Keith Johnson, Robert Remez, Peter Jusczyk, and David Pisoni. Please bring your slides and overheads and join in the discussion on some long-standing problems related to the ‘‘indexical’’ and ‘‘linguistic’’ functions of speech. For further information about this informal workshop, please feel free to contact D. B. Pisoni via E-mail: pisoni@indiana.edu. Everyone with an interest in speech perception, production, and spoken language processing is welcome to attend and contribute to the discussion of these problems.
The role of job strain on return to work after carpal tunnel surgery
Authors: Gimeno D , Amick B C , Habeck R V , Ossmann J , Katz J N 
Published: October 2005

Aims:To examine the impact of job strain (that is, high psychological job demands and low job control) on return to work and work role functioning at two months, six months, or both, following carpal tunnel release surgery.Methods:A community based cohort of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients from physician practices was recruited between April 1997 and October 1998 throughout Maine (USA). 128 patients at two months and 122 at six months completed all relevant questions. A three level outcome variable indicated whether patients had: (1) returned to work functioning successfully, (2) returned to work functioning with limitations, or (3) not returned to work for health reasons. Two job strain measures were created: one, by combining psychological job demands and job control; and two, by dividing demands by control. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify predictors of the three level work outcome variable.Results:After adjustment, workers with high demands and high control (active work) were less likely to successfully return to work (OR = 0.22; p = 0.014) at two months. Having a job with higher demands than job control (high strain) predicted not returning to work or returning to work but not successfully meeting job demands (OR = 0.14; p = 0.001), at six months.Conclusions:The findings underscore the role of psychosocial work conditions, as defined by the Karasek demand-control model, in explaining a worker’s return to work. Clinicians, researchers, and employers should consider a multidimensional and integrative model of successful work role functioning upon return to work. Moreover, since the evidence of the effects of work process changes on the reduction of CTS is very scarce, these findings point to the opportunity for collaborative workplace interventions to facilitate successful return to work.
Agricultural pesticide use and risk of glioma in Nebraska, United States
Authors: Lee W J , Colt J S , Heineman E F , McComb R , Weisenburger D D , Lijinsky W , Ward M H 
Published: October 2005

Background:To evaluate the risk of the adult glioma associated with farming and agricultural pesticide use, the authors conducted a population based case control study in eastern Nebraska.Methods:Telephone interviews were conducted with men and women diagnosed with gliomas (n = 251) between 1988 and 1993 and controls (n = 498) randomly selected from the same geographical area. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for farming and for use of individual and chemical classes of insecticides and herbicides, including pesticides classified as nitrosatable (able to form N-nitroso compounds upon reaction with nitrite). Non-farmers were used as the reference category for all analyses.Results:Among men, ever living or working on a farm and duration of farming were associated with significantly increased risks of glioma (⩾55 years on a farm OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 8.6); however, positive findings were limited to proxy respondents. Among women, there were no positive associations with farming activities among self or proxy respondents. Specific pesticide families and individual pesticides were associated with significantly increased risks among male farmers; however, most of the positive associations were limited to proxy respondents. For two herbicides and three insecticides, use was positively associated with risk among both self and proxy respondents. Based on a small number of exposed cases, ORs were significantly increased for the herbicides metribuzin (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.7) and paraquat (OR = 11.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 101), and for the insecticides bufencarb (OR = 18.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 187), chlorpyrifos (OR = 22.6, 95% CI 2.7 to 191), and coumaphos (OR = 5.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 32).Conclusion:The authors found significant associations between some specific agricultural pesticide exposures and the risk of glioma among male farmers but not among female farmers in Nebraska; however, most of the positive associations were limited to proxy respondents. These findings warrant further evaluation in prospective cohort studies where issues of recall bias are not a concern.
A prospective cohort study among new Chinese coal miners: the early pattern of lung function change
Authors: Wang M-L , Wu Z-E , Du Q-G , Petsonk E L , Peng K-L , Li Y-D , Li S-K , Han G-H , Atffield M D 
Published: October 2005

Aims:To investigate the early pattern of longitudinal change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) among new Chinese coal miners, and the relation between coal mine dust exposure and the decline of lung function.Methods:The early pattern of lung function changes in 317 newly hired Chinese underground coal miners was compared to 132 referents. This three year prospective cohort study involved a pre-employment and 15 follow up health surveys, including a questionnaire and spirometry tests. Twice a month, total and respirable dust area sampling was done. The authors used a two stage analysis and a linear mixed effects model approach to analyse the longitudinal spirometry data, and to investigate the changes in FEV1 over time, controlling for age, height, pack years of smoking, mean respirable dust concentration, the room temperature during testing, and the group×time interaction terms.Results:FEV1 change over time in new miners is non-linear. New miners experience initial rapid FEV1 declines, primarily during the first year of mining, little change during the second year, and partial recovery during the third year. Both linear and quadratic time trends in FEV1 change are highly significant. Smoking miners lost more FEV1 than non-smokers. Referents, all age less than 20 years, showed continued lung growth, whereas the miners who were under age 20 exhibited a decline in FEV1.Conclusion:Dust and smoking affect lung function in young, newly hired Chinese coal miners. FEV1 change over the first three years of employment is non-linear. The findings have implications for both methods and interpretation of medical screening in coal mining and other dusty work: during the first several years of employment more frequent testing may be desirable, and caution is required in interpreting early FEV1 declines.
"Creeping Spatiality": The Location of Nous in Plotinus' Universe
Authors:   Wilberding
Published: October 2005

AbstractThere is a well-known tension in Plotinus' thought regarding the location of the intelligible region. He appears to make three mutually incompatible claims about it: (1) it is everywhere; (2) it is nowhere; and (3) it borders on the heavens, where the third claim is associated with Plotinus' affection for cosmic religion. Traditionally, although scholars have found a reasonable way to make sense of the compatibility of the first two claims, they have sought to relieve the tension generated by (3) by both downplaying the importance of cosmic religion to Plotinus and reinterpreting his spatial language metaphorically. In this paper I argue that both of these maneuvers are unsatisfactory. Rather, it is possible to reconcile Plotinus' metaphysics with the world-view of cosmic religion (CR world-view), i.e., to retain the spatial sense of Plotinus' language without making his metaphysics incoherent.In the first part of this paper, I show that cosmic religion is not just an awkward appendage to Plotinus' metaphysics. After explaining what cosmic religion involves, I argue that the CR world-view is in fact central to his natural philosophy. Then, I turn to the problem of the compatibility between cosmic religion and Plotinus' thought. By carefully considering how Aristotle's Prime Mover is present to his universe, I show how we can make claims (2) and (3) compatible for Plotinus. Then, I argue that Plotinus' own account of the omnipresence of soul and its powers' actualizations in particular locations provides a parallel to the problem of the compatibility between (1) and (3), and further that these two accounts can be combined to resolve completely the tension between the CR world-view and Plotinus' metaphysics. In the final section, I discuss the implications this has for our understanding of the soul's ascent and descent.
Vestigial Scenes in John: Settings without Dramatization
Authors: Hedrick Charles 
Published: October 2005

AbstractJohn 2:12 comprises little more than a scene setting and plays no evident role in John's overall narrative. Thus it is surprising to find it in a text whose "author" knows that space is limited (John 21:25) and so narrates things serving a soteriological purpose (John 20:30-31). This paper compares John 2:12 to other similar brief independent "scenes" in the gospel, and identifies their literary character as "vestigial scenes": these are scene settings, which for some reason are not dramatized. The paper concludes by exploring reasonable options for explaining their presence in the text.
The novel protein KBP regulates mitochondria localization by interaction with a kinesin-like protein
Authors: Wozniak Marcin J , Melzer Martina , Dorner Cornelia , Haring Hans-Ulrich , Lammers Reiner 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
Members of the Kinesin-3 family of kinesin-like proteins mediate transport of axonal vesicles (KIF1A, KIF1Bβ), distribution of mitochondria (KIF1Bα) and anterograde Golgi to ER vesicle transport (KIF1C). Until now, little is known about the regulation of kinesin-like proteins. Several proteins interact with members of this protein family. Here we report on a novel,

K

IF1

b

inding

p

rotein (KBP) that was identified in yeast two-hybrid screens.

Results
KBP was identified by using the yeast-two-hybrid system with an amino-terminal fragment of KIF1C as a bait that is strongly homologous to KIF1B. Here we investigated the interaction of KBP and KIF1B. The full length proteins coimmunoprecipitated after overexpression and in untransfected 293 cells. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed that KBP was mainly localized to mitochondria, as has been described for KIF1Bα. Overexpression of a deletion mutant or reduction of the KBP protein level using an anti-sense construct led to an aggregation of mitochondria. Such an effect is probably due to the lower activity of KIF1Bα in the absence of KBP, as was revealed in motility assays.

Conclusion
KBP is a new binding partner for KIF1Bα that is a regulator of its transport function and thus represents a new type of kinesin interacting protein.
Systematic mutation analysis of KIAA0767 and KIAA1646 in chromosome 22q-linked periodic catatonia
Authors: Stöber Gerald , Kohlmann Bernd , Siekiera Markus , Rubie Claudia , Gawlik Micha , Möller-Ehrlich Kerstin , Meitinger Thomas , Bettecken Thomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackgroundPeriodic catatonia is a familial subtype of schizophrenia characterized by hyperkinetic and akinetic episodes, followed by a catatonic residual syndrome. The phenotype has been evaluated in two independent genome-wide linkage scans with evidence for a major locus on chromosome 15q15, and a second independent locus on chromosome 22qtel.MethodsIn the positional and brain-expressed candidate genes KIAA0767 and KIAA1646, we searched for variants in the complete exons and adjacent splice-junctions as well as in parts of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions by means of a systematic mutation screening in individuals from chromosome 22q-linked pedigrees.ResultsThe mutation scan revealed 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms, among them two rare codon variants (KIAA0767: S159I; KIAA1646: V338G). However, both were neither found segregating with the disease in the respective pedigree nor found at a significant frequency in a case-control association sample.ConclusionStarting from linkage signals at chromosome22qtelin periodic catatonia, we screened two positional brain-expressed candidate genes for genetic variation. Our study excludes genetic variations in the coding and putative promoter regions of KIAA0767 and KIAA1646 as causative factors for periodic catatonia.