bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Legacy of a Medieval Hindu Commentator
Authors: Smith Jason W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Parimēlaḻakar was a commentator and scholar who lived around the late thirteenth century CE and wrote commentaries on two major works of Tamil literature: the Paripāṭal and Tirukkuṟaḷ. While Parimēlaḻakar has been regarded as both a hero and a villain in Tamil literary history, this article argues that he is neither hero nor villain, but a capacious thinker who sought to harmonise the Sanskrit and Tamil literary traditions. First, the article shows that Parimēlaḻakar’s Tirukkuṟaḷ commentary is a natural outgrowth of and response to the broad intellectual currents of his time, in which Tamil literary culture was deeply informed by Sanskrit. Second, the article examines Parimēlaḻakar alongside Paripperumāḷ, another Tirukkuṟaḷ commentator, to highlight the range of choices made by commentators in bridging the worlds of Sanskrit and Tamil during the first half of the second millennium. Ultimately, the article advocates on behalf of a more nuanced portrait of Parimēlaḻakar’s legacy.
Typing supernova remnant G352.7−0.1 using XMM–Newton X-ray observations
Authors: Dang Ling-Xiao , Zhou Ping , Sun Lei , Mao Junjie , Vink Jacco , Zhang Qian-Qian , Domček Vladimír 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
G352.7−0.1 is a mixed-morphology (MM) supernova remnant (SNR) with multiple radio arcs and has a disputed supernova origin. We conducted a spatially resolved spectroscopic study of the remnant with XMM–Newton X-ray data to investigate its explosion mechanism and explain its morphology. The global X-ray spectra of the SNR can be adequately reproduced using a metal-rich thermal plasma model with a temperature of ∼2 keV and ionization time-scale of ∼3 × 1010 cm−3 s. Through a comparison with various supernova nucleosynthesis models, we found that observed metal properties from Mg to Fe can be better described using core-collapse supernova models, while thermonuclear models fail to explain the observed high Mg/Si ratio. The best-fit supernova model suggests a ∼13 M⊙ progenitor star, consistent with previous estimates using the wind bubble size. We also discussed the possible mechanisms that may lead to SNR G352.7−0.1 being an MMSNR. By dividing the SNR into several regions, we found that the temperature and abundance do not significantly vary with regions, except for a decreased temperature and abundance in a region interacting with molecular clouds. The brightest X-ray emission of the SNR spatially matches with the inner radio structure, suggesting that the centrally filled X-ray morphology results from a projection effect.
scalepopgen: Bioinformatic Workflow Resources Implemented in Nextflow for Comprehensive Population Genomic Analyses
Authors: Upadhyay Maulik , Pogorevc Neža , Medugorac Ivica 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Population genomic analyses such as inference of population structure and identifying signatures of selection usually involve the application of a plethora of tools. The installation of tools and their dependencies, data transformation, or series of data preprocessing in a particular order sometimes makes the analyses challenging. While the usage of container-based technologies has significantly resolved the problems associated with the installation of tools and their dependencies, population genomic analyses requiring multistep pipelines or complex data transformation can greatly be facilitated by the application of workflow management systems such as Nextflow and Snakemake. Here, we present scalepopgen, a collection of fully automated workflows that can carry out widely used population genomic analyses on the biallelic single nucleotide polymorphism data stored in either variant calling format files or the plink-generated binary files. scalepopgen is developed in Nextflow and can be run locally or on high-performance computing systems using either Conda, Singularity, or Docker. The automated workflow includes procedures such as (i) filtering of individuals and genotypes; (ii) principal component analysis, admixture with identifying optimal K-values; (iii) running TreeMix analysis with or without bootstrapping and migration edges, followed by identification of an optimal number of migration edges; (iv) implementing single-population and pair-wise population comparison-based procedures to identify genomic signatures of selection. The pipeline uses various open-source tools; additionally, several Python and R scripts are also provided to collect and visualize the results. The tool is freely available at https://github.com/Popgen48/scalepopgen.
Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Maternal Genetic History of East Asian Dogs
Authors: Zhang Ming , Song Yanbo , Wang Caihui , Sun Guoping , Zhuang Lina , Guo Mingjian , Ren Lele , Wangdue Shargan , Dong Guanghui , Dai Qingyan , Cao Peng , Yang Ruowei , Liu Feng , Feng Xiaotian , Bennett E Andrew , Zhang Xiaoling , Chen Xi , Wang Fen , Luan Fengshi , Dong Wenbin , Lu Guoquan , Hao Daohua , Hou Hongwei , Wang Hui , Qiao Hong , Wang Zhongxin , Hu Xiaojun , He Wei , Xi Lin , Wang Weilin , Shao Jing , Sun Zhouyong , Yue Lianjian , Ding Yan , Tashi Norbu , Tsho Yang , Tong Yan , Yang Yangheshan , Zhu Shilun , Miao Bo , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Lizhao , Hu Songmei , Ni Xijun , Fu Qiaomei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that dogs were domesticated during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Siberia, which contrasts with previous proposed domestication centers (e.g. Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia). Ancient DNA provides a powerful resource for the study of mammalian evolution and has been widely used to understand the genetic history of domestic animals. To understand the maternal genetic history of East Asian dogs, we have made a complete mitogenome dataset of 120 East Asian canids from 38 archaeological sites, including 102 newly sequenced from 12.9 to 1 ka BP (1,000 years before present). The majority (112/119, 94.12%) belonged to haplogroup A, and half of these (55/112, 49.11%) belonged to sub-haplogroup A1b. Most existing mitochondrial haplogroups were present in ancient East Asian dogs. However, mitochondrial lineages in ancient northern dogs (northeastern Eurasia and northern East Asia) were deeper and older than those in southern East Asian dogs. Results suggests that East Asian dogs originated from northeastern Eurasian populations after the LGM, dispersing in two possible directions after domestication. Western Eurasian (Europe and the Middle East) dog maternal ancestries genetically influenced East Asian dogs from approximately 4 ka BP, dramatically increasing after 3 ka BP, and afterwards largely replaced most primary maternal lineages in northern East Asia. Additionally, at least three major mitogenome sub-haplogroups of haplogroup A (A1a, A1b, and A3) reveal at least two major dispersal waves onto the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ancient times, indicating eastern (A1b and A3) and western (A1a) Eurasian origins.
ESI–MS analysis of Cu(I) binding to apo and Zn7 human metallothionein 1A, 2, and 3 identifies the formation of a similar series of metallated species with no individual isoform optimization for Cu(I)
Authors: Melenbacher Adyn , Stillman Martin J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich proteins involved in metal homeostasis, heavy metal detoxification, and protection against oxidative stress. Whether the four mammalian MT isoforms exhibit different metal binding properties is not clear. In this paper, the Cu(I) binding properties of the apo MT1A, apo MT2, and apo MT3 are compared and the relative Cu(I) binding affinities are reported. In all three isoforms, Cu4, Cu6, and Cu10 species form cooperatively, and MT1A and MT2 also form a Cu13 species. The Cu(I) binding properties of Zn7-MT1A, Zn7-MT2, and Zn7-MT3 are compared systematically using isotopically pure 63Cu(I) and 68Zn(II). The species formed in each MT isoform were detected through electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry and further characterized using room temperature phosphorescence spectroscopy. The mixed metal Cu, Zn species forming in MT1A, MT2, and MT3 have similar stoichiometries and their emission spectral properties indicate that analogous clusters form in the three isoforms. Three parallel metallation pathways have been proposed through analysis of the detailed Cu, Zn speciation in MT1A, MT2, and MT3. Pathway ① results in Cu5Zn5-MT and Cu9Zn3-MT. Pathway ② involves Cu6Zn4-MT and Cu10Zn2-MT. Pathway ③ includes Cu8Zn4-MT. Speciation analysis indicates that Pathway ② is the preferred pathway for MT2. This is also evident in the phosphorescence spectra with the 750 nm emission from Cu6Zn4-MT being most prominent in MT2. We see no evidence for different MT isoforms being optimized or exhibiting preferences for certain metals. We discuss the probable stoichiometry for MTs in vivo based on the in vitro determined binding constants.
ARF4-mediated retrograde trafficking as a driver of chemoresistance in glioblastoma
Authors: Budhiraja Shreya , McManus Graysen , Baisiwala Shivani , Perrault Ella N , Cho Sia , Saathoff Miranda , Chen Li , Park Cheol H , Kazi Hasaan A , Dmello Crismita , Lin Peiyu , James C David , Sonabend Adam M , Heiland Dieter H , Ahmed Atique U 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Cellular functions hinge on the meticulous orchestration of protein transport, both spatially and temporally. Central to this process is retrograde trafficking, responsible for targeting proteins to the nucleus. Despite its link to many diseases, the implications of retrograde trafficking in glioblastoma (GBM) are still unclear.

Methods
To identify genetic drivers of TMZ resistance, we conducted comprehensive CRISPR-knockout screening, revealing ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4), a regulator of retrograde trafficking, as a major contributor.

Results
Suppressing ARF4 significantly enhanced TMZ sensitivity in GBM patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, leading to improved survival rates (P &lt; .01) in both primary and recurrent lines. We also observed that TMZ exposure stimulates ARF4-mediated retrograde trafficking. Proteomics analysis of GBM cells with varying levels of ARF4 unveiled the influence of this pathway on EGFR signaling, with increased nuclear trafficking of EGFR observed in cells with ARF4 overexpression and TMZ treatment. Additionally, spatially resolved RNA-sequencing of GBM patient tissues revealed substantial correlations between ARF4 and crucial nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) downstream targets, such as MYC, STAT1, and DNA-PK. Decreased activity of DNA-PK, a DNA repair protein downstream of nEGFR signaling that contributes to TMZ resistance, was observed in cells with suppressed ARF4 levels. Notably, treatment with DNA-PK inhibitor, KU-57788, in mice with a recurrent PDX line resulted in prolonged survival (P &lt; .01), highlighting the promising therapeutic implications of targeting proteins reliant on ARF4-mediated retrograde trafficking.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that ARF4-mediated retrograde trafficking contributes to the development of TMZ resistance, cementing this pathway as a viable strategy to overcome chemoresistance in GBM.
Lu Xun
Authors: Cheng Eileen J. 
Published: March 2024

Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren, b. 1881–d. 1936), the “father of modern Chinese literature” and “soul of the nation,” left his mark on 20th-century literature, culture, and politics. Well-known for his collections of short stories, Outcry (1923) and Hesitation (1926), he was also an accomplished scholar, cultural critic, poet, and a pioneer of literary forms. A book collector, translator, and editor, he avidly promoted the works of other artists and writers. Hailed as a leader of the New Culture Movement, he is often regarded as a radical iconoclast. Lu Xun’s relationship to both tradition and modernity, however, was ambivalent. A supporter of the New Culture reforms, he was also skeptical of new literary trends. Critical of tradition, he nonetheless harbored a lifelong affinity for classical Chinese literature, published scholarly works on the subject, and wrote classical-style poetry until the end of his life. Ever the skeptic, Lu Xun described himself as an “in-between”—zhongjian wu中間物—an intermediary who refused to identify with either the traditional or modern camp. He was relentlessly critical of others as he was of himself. His writings exposed a “crisis of representation” by questioning intellectuals’ ability to truly represent their subjects. Despite his skepticism, Lu Xun was driven by a radical hope: he wrote to expose the illnesses of society in the hope of finding remedies for them. His radically innovative style, and often complex and sometimes abstruse creative writings, were a product of his critical engagement with a large corpus of texts and ideas—classical and modern, domestic and foreign. Besides his short story collections, his creative works include prose poems in Wild Grass (1926), an experimental memoir Morning Blossoms Gathered at Dusk (1928), and a collection of rewrites of old fables, Old Tales Retold (1928). Beginning in 1926, Lu Xun immersed himself in Marxist theories. He became the titular leader of the League of Left-Wing Writers in 1930 and began promoting—though never writing—proletarian literature. Instead, he turned primarily to the form of polemical essay (zawen) in the last decade of his life, writing wry and penetrating critical social commentaries which he referred to as his “daggers and spears.” In his later years, he often lent his name to promoting the works of young writers and artists. Especially drawn to woodcut art—a form he felt was conducive to promoting the proletarian cause—Lu Xun became an active force behind the woodcut movement in the 1930s. The bibliography focuses primarily on English-language studies with some Chinese sources.
The Mismeasure of Music “On Computerized Music Listening and Analysis via Machine Learning”
Authors: Sturm Bob L. T. , Wiggins Geraint A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The worthwhile application of computers to study music audio recording collections requires such systems to be engineered to have the appropriate sensitivities and knowledge. One approach to designing such systems is the use of machine learning with music recording datasets. We address two widely held assumptions in the engineering of such systems: 1) if a system reproduces all labels of a music recording dataset then it must have learned about music; and 2) if a system is being trained on a music recording dataset then it is being trained on music. In this chapter, we show that these assumptions are not true, and that machine learning with music recording datasets can result in music listening systems that may not be as successful as they appear. We propose several principles to guide the engineering of computerized music listening and analysis via machine learning.
The space of closed G2-structures. I. Connections
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Zheng Kai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, we develop foundational theory for geometries of the space of closed G2-structures in a given cohomology class as an infinite-dimensional manifold. We construct Levi-Civita connections for Sobolev-type metrics, formulate geodesic equations and analyze the variational structures of torsion-free G2-structures under these Sobolev-type metrics.
Access to justice and multinational corporations: promoting privately driven transnational hybrid adjudication
Authors: Gulati Rishi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the delivery of justice to victims of corporate conduct through privately driven transnational hybrid dispute resolution mechanisms. The advent of such mechanisms is now evident through the creation of Meta’s Oversight Board (‘OSB’). How to incorporate such privately driven justice mechanisms in more conventional forms of legal ordering is an important question constituting the central inquiry of this reflection. Via the example of the OSB, this chapter highlights how some content moderation disputes between Meta, one of the most powerful technology companies today, and its users is being resolved using innovative private adjudicative mechanisms. It is then argued that forums like the OSB should be deferred to. But only if the quality of justice provided is consistent with international standards. Where those standards are met, the broad circulation of decisions made by privately driven adjudicative mechanisms should be promoted. This requires proactive, outcome driven, and coordinated international institutional action.
Artificial Intelligence in corporate governance: a few inquiries on the (non-)compliance of directors’ duties from a Portuguese law perspective
Authors: de Lima Igor Silva 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is widely accepted that directors’ duties encompass the duty to prepare and analyse information concerning the company’s business and affairs and market conditions and the duty to monitor and oversee the company’s actual and prospective economic and financial outlook. While exercising the so-called business judgment rule, directors shall question themselves as to whether the information reasonably available at the time a decision is to be made provides sufficient grounds to support it. They also must have in due regard the underlying business rationality of the decision concerned. The issue merits particular attention in the context of companies undergoing economic or financial distress in the vicinity of insolvency. Directors usually resort to assistance from internal staff and external advisors as well as to technological tools for performing managerial activities. There are a number of options of technologies that employ artificial intelligence (AI) and that have shown a high degree of certainty in predicting scenarios of economic or financial distress. However, directors are not exempted from potential accountability for actions taken in breach of their duties by simply employing AI technology. If, how, and to which extent the use of AI in corporate governance will affect the compliance of a director’s duties are questions yet to be addressed.
Analgesia and Sedation Use During Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Dunbar Peter J. , Peterson Ryan , McGrath Max , Pomponio Raymond , Kiser Tyree H. , Ho P. Michael , Vandivier R. William , Burnham Ellen L. , Moss Marc , Sottile Peter D. ,   for the Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To describe U.S. practice regarding administration of sedation and analgesia to patients on noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for acute respiratory failure (ARF) and to determine the association of this practice with odds of intubation or death.

DESIGN:
A retrospective multicenter cohort study.

SETTING:
A total of 1017 hospitals contributed data between January 2010 and September 2020 to the Premier Healthcare Database, a nationally representative healthcare database in the United States.

PATIENTS:
Adult (≥ 18 yr) patients admitted to U.S. hospitals requiring NIV for ARF.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We identified 433,357 patients on NIV of whom (26.7% [95% CI] 26.3%–27.0%) received sedation or analgesia. A total of 50,589 patients (11.7%) received opioids only, 40,646 (9.4%) received benzodiazepines only, 20,146 (4.6%) received opioids and benzodiazepines, 1.573 (0.4%) received dexmedetomidine only, and 2,639 (0.6%) received dexmedetomidine in addition to opioid and/or benzodiazepine. Of 433,357 patients receiving NIV, 50,413 (11.6%; 95% CI, 11.5–11.7%) patients underwent invasive mechanical ventilation on hospital days 2–5 or died on hospital days 2–30. Intubation was used in 32,301 patients (7.4%; 95% CI, 7.3–7.6%). Further, death occurred in 24,140 (5.6%; 95% CI, 5.5–5.7%). In multivariable analysis adjusting for relevant covariates, receipt of any medication studied was associated with increased odds of intubation or death. In inverse probability weighting, receipt of any study medication was also associated with increased odds of intubation or death (average treatment effect odds ratio 1.38; 95% CI, 1.35–1.40).

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of sedation and analgesia during NIV is common. Medication exposure was associated with increased odds of intubation or death. Further investigation is needed to confirm this finding and determine whether any subpopulations are especially harmed by this practice.
Quantifying partial volume effect in SPECT and planar imaging: optimizing region of interest for activity concentration estimation in different sphere sizes
Authors: Jalilifar Mostafa , Sadeghi Mahdi , Emami-Ardekani Alireza , Geravand Kouhyar , Geramifar Parham 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
To quantify the partial volume effect in single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and planar images of Carlson phantom as well as providing an optimum region of interest (ROI) required to more accurately estimate the activity concentration for different sphere sizes.

Methods

131I solution with the 161.16 kBq/ml concentration was uniformly filled into the different spheres of Carlson phantom (cold background condition) with the diameters of 7.3, 9.2, 11.4, 14.3, 17.9, 22.4 and 29.9 mm, and there was no background activity. In the hot background condition, the spheres were filled with the solution of 131I with the 1276.5 kBq/ml addition to the background activity concentration of 161.16 kBq/ml in all the phantoms. The spheres were mounted inside the phantom and underwent SPECT and planar images. ROI was drawn closely on the boundary of each sphere image and it was extended to extract the true count.

Results
In the cold background condition, the recovery coefficient (RC) value for SPECT images ranged between 0.8 and 1.03. However, in planar imaging, the RC value was 0.72 for the smallest sphere size and it increased for larger spheres until 0.98 for 29.9 mm. In the hot background condition, the RC value for sphere diameters larger than 20 mm was overestimated more than in the cold background condition. The ROI/size required to more accurately determine activity concentration for the cold background ranged from 1.18 to 2.7. However, in the hot background condition, this ratio varied from 1.34 to 4.05.

Conclusion
In the quantification of partial volume effects, the spill-out effect seems to play a crucial role in the distribution of the image counts beyond the boundaries of the image pixels. However, more investigations are needed to accurately characterize limitations regarding the object size, background levels, and other factors.