bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and survival of 750 children diagnosed with a renal tumor in the first seven months of life: A collaborative study by the SIOP/GPOH/SFOP, NWTSG, and UKCCSG Wilms tumor study groups
Authors: van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Grundy Paul , Graf Norbert , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Bergeron Christophe , Patte Catherine , van Tinteren Harm , Rey Annie , Langford Carolyn , Anderson Jim R. , de Kraker Jan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundTo review the clinical characteristics and survival of infants diagnosed with a primary renal tumor in the first 7 months of life.ProcedureA retrospective data review of patients registered in five large international protocols (SFOP/GPOH/SIOP9/93‐01, UKW3 and NWTSG 4 and 5) spanning 1985–2002.Results750 (7.2%) of 10,430 registered patients were diagnosed with a renal tumor before age 213 days. Tumor types were Wilms tumor (WT) 58%; congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) 18%; malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRTK) 8%; clear cell sarcoma (CCSK) 2%; non‐Wilms tumor (unspecified) 6%; histology unknown, 9%. CMN predominated among tumors diagnosed in the first month of life (54%) but its relative contribution diminished to <10% of all cases diagnosed after the age of 3 months (P < 0.001). Among 639 cases with specified histology and stage, 9/11 stage IV tumors were MRTK, 37/39 bilateral tumors were WT. In 626 children where surgical approach was specified, 522 had immediate nephrectomy. For all cases, 5 years event‐free survival (EFS) was 80% and overall survival (OS) 86%. Five years EFS and OS respectively by tumor type were WT (86%, 93%), CMN (94%, 96%), CCSK (49%, 51%), MRTK (16%, 16%).ConclusionRenal tumors diagnosed in the first 7 months of life generally have an excellent prognosis though histology is an important prognostic factor. In the first 2 months of life the prevalence of CMN is high. The relative occurrence of WT increases rapidly with age thereafter. Bilateral tumors are usually WT. Tumors with metastases at diagnosis are usually MRTK. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1130–1134. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of serum withdrawal on the protein profile of quiescent human dermal fibroblasts in primary cell culture
Authors: Boraldi Federica , Annovi Giulia , Paolinelli‐Devincenzi Chiara , Tiozzo Roberta , Quaglino Daniela 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe effect of serum deprivation on proliferating cells is well known, in contrast its role on primary cell cultures, at confluence, has not been deeply investigated. Therefore, in order to explore the response of quiescent cells to serum deprivation, ubiquitous mesenchymal cells, as normal human dermal fibroblasts, were grown, for 48 h after confluence, in the presence or absence of 10% FBS. Fibroblast behaviour (i.e. cell morphology, cell viability, ROS production and elastin synthesis) was evaluated morphologically and biochemically. Moreover, the protein profile was investigated by 2‐DE and differentially expressed proteins were identified by MS. Serum withdrawal caused cell shrinkage but did not significantly modify the total cell number. ROS production, as evaluated by the dihydroethidium (DH2) probe, was increased after serum deprivation, whereas elastin synthesis, measured by a colorimetric method, was markedly reduced in the absence of serum. By proteome analysis, 41 proteins appeared to significantly change their expression, the great majority of protein changes were related to the cytoskeleton, the stress response and the glycolytic pathway. Data indicate that human dermal fibroblasts in primary cell culture can adapt themselves to environmental changes, without significantly altering cell viability, at least after a few days of treatment, even though serum withdrawal represents a stress condition capable to increase ROS production, to influence cell metabolism and to interfere with cell behaviour, favouring the expression of several age‐related features.
Synthesis of novel three‐arm star azo side‐chain liquid crystalline polymer via ATRP and photoinduced surface relief gratings
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Wei , Chen Xinrong , Cheng Zhenping , Wu Jianhong , Zhu Jian , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA three‐arm star azo side‐chain liquid crystalline (LC) homopolymer, poly[6‐(4‐methoxy‐4‐oxy‐azobenzene) hexyl methacrylate] (PMMAZO), was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The polymerization of 6‐(4‐methoxy‐4‐oxy‐azobenzene) hexyl methacrylate proceeded in a controlled/“living” way. A series of three‐arm star LC block copolymers (PMMAZO‐b‐PMMA) were also synthesized. The polymers were characterized by 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatograph, and UV–vis spectra, respectively. The both polymers of PMMAZO and copolymers of PMMAZO‐b‐PMMA exhibited a smetic phase and a nematic phase. As concern to the PMMAZO, the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and phase‐transition temperature from the smetic to nematic phase and from the nematic to isotropic phase increased with the increase of molecular weight (Mn(GPC)) of PMMAZO. The phase transition temperature of the block copolymers, PMMAZO‐b‐PMMA, with the same PMMA block was similar to that of PMMAZO. However, the Tg of the PMMAZO‐b‐PMMA decreased at low azo content and then increased with the increasing Mn(GPC) when azo content was above 61.3%. With illumination of linearly polarized Kr+ laser beam at modest intensities (35 mW/cm2), significant surface relief gratings formed on PMMAZO films with different molecular weights were observed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 777–789, 2008
Synthesis, optical properties, and spectral stability of chiral dendronized binaphthyl‐containing polyfluorene derivatives
Authors: Liu Zi‐Tong , He Yan‐Mei , Wang Zhi‐Jian , Feng Yu , Fan Qing‐Hua 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA new kind of chiral dendronized binaphthyl‐containing random polyfluorene derivatives bearing different contents (3.2–14.9 mol %) of Fréchet's polyether dendritic wedges have been designed and synthesized through a versatile Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation. Their properties have been investigated by NMR, TGA, DSC, CD, UV–vis, and photoluminescence and compared to those of poly(9,9‐dihexylfluorene) (PF). It was found that attachment of Fréchet's dendritic wedges into the main chain enhanced the emission efficiency and thermal stability of the copolymers. Furthermore, different from PF, good to excellent spectral stabilities in the solid state were proven for all the dendronized chiral copolymers after a thermal annealing under air at 200 °C. The second‐generation dendronized polymer P3 bearing about 15 mol % of dendritic pendants exhibited high quantum yields in both solutions and films, and excellent thermal oxidative stability. These results demonstrated that the combination of the twisted nonplanar binaphthyl and the sterically demanding dendron could efficiently suppress the intermolecular packing and aggregation at much lower dendron contents compared to other reported dendronized polyfluorenes. Additionally, the investigation of circular dichroism spectra of these chiral dendronized polymers showed a strong Cotton effect at long wavelength (378–384 nm), indicating that the chirality of binaphthyl unit was transferred to the whole polyfluorene backbone. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 886–896, 2008
Infrared stealth and anticorrosion performances of organically modified silicate‐NiZn ferrite/polyaniline hybrid coatings
Authors: Wu K. H. , Chen P. H. , Yang C. C. , Ho W. D. , Liu C. I. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHybrid coatings based on organically modified silicate‐Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/polyaniline were synthesized through a sol–gel technique with different NiZn ferrite/polyaniline weight ratio (1/1, 1/2, 1/5). These hybrid films were deposited via spin coating onto an aluminum alloy to improve the corrosion protection and to act as infrared stealth coatings. The effects induced by the NiZn ferrite/polyaniline hybrids on the chain dynamic, ferromagnetic behavior, infrared stealth, and anticorrosion performances of the coated samples were investigated. The rotating‐frame spin‐lattice relaxation times and scale of the spin‐diffusion path length indicated that the configuration of the hybrid films was highly cross‐linked and dense. The thermal extinction of the hybrid coatings increased with the increase in the polyaniline content. Potentio‐dynamic and salt‐spray analysis revealed that the hybrid films provided an exceptional barrier and corrosion protection in comparison with untreated aluminum alloy substrates. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 926–935, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of ethylene‐propylene‐1‐pentene terpolymers
Authors: da Silva Marco Antônio , Galland Griselda Barrera 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEthylene (E), propylene (P), and 1‐pentene (A) terpolymers differing in monomer composition ratio were produced, using the metallocenes rac‐ethylene bis(indenyl) zirconium dichloride/methylaluminoxane (rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO), isopropyl bis(cyclopentadienyl)fluorenyl zirconium dichloride/methylaluminoxane (Me2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2/MAO, and bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride, supported on silica impregnated with MAO (Cp2ZrCl2/MAO/SiO2/MAO) as catalytic systems. The catalytic activities at 25 °C and normal pressure were compared. The best result was obtained with the first catalyst. A detailed study of 13C NMR chemical shifts, triad sequences distributions, monomer‐average sequence lengths, and reactivity ratios for the terpolymers is presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 947–957, 2008
A novel optically active diblock copolymer composed of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly[N‐{o‐(4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl)phenyl}maleimide]: Synthesis, micellization behavior, and chiroptical property
Authors: Lou Liping , Jiang Liming , Sun Weilin , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA series of optically active amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesizedby using potassium alkoxide of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MeOPEGO−K+) to initiate the anionic polymerization of N‐{o‐(4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl)phenyl}maleimide [(R)‐PhOPMI]. The PEG‐macroinitiators generated in situ in the reaction between MeOPEGOH and potassium naphthylide in tetrahydrofuran. The synthetic procedure may provide the PEG‐b‐PPhOPMI copolymers with well‐defined structure, as evidenced by gel permeation chromatography, 1H NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. In particular, the preparation of block copolymers having a laevorotation or dextrorotation activity was accomplished by changing the feed composition. The micellization was examined for the amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous milieu by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism. The results indicate that the copolymers could form regular spherical micelles with core‐shell structure when the hydrophilic component was long enough; in contrast, the copolymers containing shorter PEG segments formed aggregates in large dimension due to the considerable interaction between hydrophobic PPhOPMI components. Also, it was found that the aggregated structure of the polymeric micelles is strongly dependent on the medium nature and the polymer concentration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1025–1033, 2008
Transient entanglements and clusters in dilute polymer solutions
Authors: Bednar F. , de Oliveira M. H. , Paris J. , van de Ven T. G. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA convenient method to monitor polymer dissolution is to measure the pressure drop created by passing a polymer solution through a capillary constriction rheometer. In this work, we studied the dissolution of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and cationic starch (C‐starch). We found that for freshly dissolved and entangled PEO, the main contribution to the overall pressure drop is due to the contraction and expansion of PEO entanglements at the entrance and exit of the capillary, and that the friction in the capillary plays a minor role. On the other hand, for well‐dissolved PEO, because of the absence of PEO entanglements, the loss of pressure is mainly due to friction. At high velocities the contraction and expansion coefficient for freshly dissolved PEO was more than 20 times higher than for well‐dissolved PEO, resulting in a three times higher overall pressure drop. C‐starch consists of amylopectin (∼ 85%) and amylose and is known to contain clusters when freshly dissolved, likely formed from the globular amylopectin molecules. For C‐starch, the main contribution to the overall pressure drop is due to friction. Entrance and exit effects contribute only 10% to the overall pressure drop, which might be due to the linear amylose molecules in C‐starch. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 253–262, 2008
Reorientation of crystalline and noncrystalline regions in regenerated cellulose fibers and films tested in uniaxial tension
Authors: Gindl Wolfgang , Reifferscheid Moritz , Martinschitz Klaus J. , Boesecke Peter , Keckes Jozef 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe orientation of molecular chains in regenerated cellulose films and fibers was characterized using in situ wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and birefringence measurements coupled with tensile tests. Generally, an increase in the degree of preferred orientation in the direction of applied strain was observed during testing. For both types of specimen this relationship was clearly linear, irrespective of whether the volume‐averaged preferred orientation or the orientation in the crystalline and noncrystalline regions was considered. Interestingly, the rate of change in orientation induced by external strain was significantly higher for noncrystalline regions when compared with that of crystalline regions. This difference was more pronounced for cellulose fibers when compared with films. Upon the reversal of straining in cellulose films until zero stress, the degree of orientation diminished in a linear fashion. However, a large part of the orientation, both crystalline and noncrystalline, induced by tensile straining remained permanent and increased further when straining was resumed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 297–304, 2008
Uniaxially aligned carbon nanofibers derived from electrospun precursor yarns
Authors: Okuzaki Hidenori , Takahashi Takui , Hara Yusuke , Yan Hu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractUnlike conventional electrospun polymer fibers deposited on a target electrode as a randomly oriented mesh, poly(p‐xylenetetrahydrothiophenium chloride) was electrospun into centimeters‐long yarns vertically on the surface of the electrode but parallel to the electric field. The diameter of the yarn was strongly affected by the concentration, spinning rate, and viscosity of the polymer solution, but less dependent on the applied voltage. The subsequent carbonization of thus‐electrospun yarns at 600–1000 °C resulted in uniaxially aligned carbon nanofibers with average diameters of 127–184 nm. On the basis of Raman spectra, the graphitic crystallite size and the molar fraction of graphite were estimated to be 1.2–1.4 and 0.21–0.24 nm, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 305–310, 2008
A 3‐factor model for the FACIT‐Sp
Authors: Canada Andrea L. , Murphy Patricia E. , Fitchett George , Peterman Amy H. , Schover Leslie R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjective: The 12‐item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well‐being Scale (FACIT‐Sp) is a popular measure of the religious/spiritual (R/S) components of quality of life (QoL) in patients with cancer. The original factor analyses of the FACIT‐Sp supported two factors: Meaning/Peace and Faith. Because Meaning suggests a cognitive aspect of R/S and Peace an affective component, we hypothesized a 3‐factor solution: Meaning, Peace, and Faith.Methods: Participants were 240 long‐term female survivors of cancer who completed the FACIT‐Sp, the SF‐12, and the BSI 18. We used confirmatory factor analysis to compare the 2‐ and 3‐factor models of the FACIT‐Sp and subsequently assessed associations between the resulting solutions and QoL domains.Results: Survivors averaged 44 years of age and 10 years post‐diagnosis. A 3‐factor solution of the FACIT‐Sp significantly improved the fit of the model to the data over the original 2‐factor structure (Δχ2=72.36, df=2, p<0.001). Further adjustments to the 3‐factor model resulted in a final solution with even better goodness‐of‐fit indices (χ2=59.11, df=1, p=0.13, CFI=1.00, SMRM=0.05).The original Meaning/Peace factor controlling for Faith was associated with mental (r=0.63, p<0.000) and physical (r=0.22, p<0.01) health on the SF‐12, and the original Faith factor controlling for Meaning/Peace was negatively associated with mental health (r=−0.15, p<0.05). The 3‐factor model was more informative. Specifically, using partial correlations, the Peace factor was only related to mental health (r=0.53, p<0.001); Meaning was related to both physical (r=0.18, p<0.01) and mental (r=0.17, p<0.01) health; and Faith was negatively associated with mental health (r=−0.17, p<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study support a 3‐factor solution of the FACIT‐Sp. The new solution not only represents a psychometric improvement over the original, but also enables a more detailed examination of the contribution of different dimensions of R/S to QoL. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On entropy conditions and traffic flow models
Authors: Knowles J.K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper is concerned with “entropy conditions” for traffic flow models governed by one‐dimensional nonlinear scalar conservation laws. The classical conditions of this type serve as selection principles used to overcome the lack of uniqueness of weak solutions for such laws. These principles select solutions in accord with observations for the simplest traffic flow models, but they seem not to do so when the constitutive law underlying the model is refined so as to be more realistic. The classical conditions are here compared with an analog of the second law of thermodynamics based on an entropy density that crudely measures the disorder of the traffic flow.
Kinetic Studies on Oxirane Cleavage of Epoxidized Soybean Oil by Methanol and Characterization of Polyols
Authors: Lin Bo , Yang Liting , Dai Honghai , Yi Aihua 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the oxirane cleavage of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) by methanol (Me) without a catalyst was studied at 50, 60, 65, 70 °C. The rate of oxirane ring opening is given by k[Ep][Me]2, where [Ep] and [Me] are the concentrations of oxiranes in ESO and methanol, respectively and k is a rate constant. From the temperature dependence of the kinetics thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), free energy of activation (ΔF) and activation energy (ΔEa) were found to be 76.08 (±1.06) kJ mol−1, −118.42 (±3.12) J mol−1 k−1, 111.39 (±2.86) kJ mol−1, and 78.56 (±1.63) kJ mol−1, respectively. The methoxylated polyols formed from the oxirane cleavage reaction , were liquid at room temperature and had three low temperature melting peaks. The results of chemical analysis via titration for residual oxiranes in the reaction system showed good agreement with IR spectroscopy especially the disappearance of epoxy groups at 825, 843 cm−1 and the emergence of hydroxy groups at the OH characteristic absorption peak from 3,100 to 3,800 cm−1.
Isolation of cDNAs encoding 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase from the mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata: correlating genetic and physical maps of chromosome 5
Authors: Scott M. J. , Kriticou D. , Robinson A. S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe have isolated and determined the nucleotide sequences for cDNA clones encoding glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) from the medfly Ceratitis capitata. The derived amino acid sequences for G6PD and 6PGD are presented and compared with G6PDs and 6PGDs from other species. The codon usage of the cDNA clones has little bias with the notable exceptions of arginine, glycine and leucine.The chromosomal location of the genes for 6PGD and G6PD were determined by in situ hybridization to salivary gland polytene chromosomes. This localization orients a genetic map of enzymatic loci and illustrates a remarkable similarity in the intra chromosomal order of homologous genes between Drosophila melanogaster and medfly.
Transfection of cultured cells of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, with a heat‐shock‐promoter‐chloramphenicol‐acetyltransferase construct*
Authors: Stiles B. , Heilmann J. , Sparks R. B. , Santoso A. , Leopold R. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractExpression of heat shock proteins (hsp) in the BRL‐AG‐3C cell line from the cotton boll weevil was examined. It was determined that the maximal expression of endogenous hsp occurred at 41°C. Various transfection methods were then compared using this cell line in conjunction with a transiently expressed bacterial gene marker (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) which was under the control of the Drosophila hsp 70 gene promoter. The cationic lipid preparation Lipofectin was found to be very efficient at transfecting the boll weevil cells. Polylysine and 20‐hydroxyecdysone‐conjugated polylysine were moderately effective, whereas polybrene and electroporation, under the conditions reported herein, were ineffective at transfecting this cell line.
Modulation of DNA‐binding proteins in Locusta migratoria in relation to juvenile hormone action
Authors: Braun R. P. , Wyatt G. R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractUsing a gel mobility shift assay, protein factors have been identified that may participate in the transcriptional regulation of the juvenile hormone (JH) induced vitellogenin A (VgA) gene of the migratory locust. Two DNA‐binding proteins were found that were modulated in correlation with VgA gene activity during normal reproductive cycles and experimental stimulation by an active JH analogue (pyriproxyfen). One of these, JH factor (JHF), may be a regulator of VgA and perhaps other JH‐responsive genes. The second, mobile factor (MF), appears to have a more general role in cellular responses to external stimuli such as JH and wounding. JHF and MF may represent factors that act together with the JH receptor to regulate VgA gene transcription.
Cloning and sequencing of the blood meal‐induced late trypsin gene from the mosquito Aedes aegypti and characterization of the upstream regulatory region
Authors: Barillas‐Mury C. , Wells M. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA 4.1 kb genomic clone of the late trypsin gene from the mosquito Aedes aegypti was isolated, mapped and subcloned. A1.6 kb subclone, corresponding to 1.1 kb of upstream regulatory region and 0.5 kb of coding region, was sequenced. The gene has no introns within the coding region. The 5 end of the mature mRNA was mapped using primer extension analysis. A TATA box consensus sequence (TATAAA) was found at position —31 from the 5 end of the mature mRNA. A cluster of five repeat sequences homologous to the yeast GCN4 DNA binding site was found within 200 nucleotides upstream of the cap site. GCN4 is required for derepression mediated control of general amino acid biosynthesis in response to amino acid starvation in yeast. It activates the transcription of at least twenty different genes coding for enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis. The presence of this cluster of consensus sequences suggests that a protein similar to GCN4 might regulate expression of the late trypsin gene in the mosquito. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA indicates that late trypsin is a single copy gene.