bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FluoMEP: A new genotyping method combining the advantages of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism
Authors: Chang Alex , Liew Woei Chang , Chuah Aaron , Lim Zijie , Lin Qifeng , Orban Laszlo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPCR‐based identification of differences between two unknown genomes often requires complex manipulation of the templates prior to amplification and/or gel electrophoretic separation of a large number of samples with manual methods. Here, we describe a new genotyping method, called fluorescent motif enhanced polymorphism (fluoMEP). The fluoMEP method is based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay, but combines the advantages of the large collection of unlabelled 10mer primers (ca. 5000) from commercial sources and the power of the automated CE devices used for the detection of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns. The link between these two components is provided by a fluorescently labeled “common primer” that is used in a two‐primer PCR together with an unlabeled RAPD primer. By using the same “common primer” and a series of RAPD primers, DNA templates can be screened quickly and effectively for polymorphisms. Our manuscript describes the optimization of the method and its characterization on different templates. We demonstrate by using several different approaches that the addition of the “common primer” to the PCR changes the profile of amplified fragments, allowing for screening various parts of the genome with the same set of unlabeled primers. We also present an in silico analysis of the genomic localization of fragments amplified by a RAPD primer with two different “common primers” and alone.
Expected loss‐based alarm threshold set for earthquake early warning systems
Authors: Iervolino Iunio , Giorgio Massimiliano , Manfredi Gaetano 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarthquake early warning systems (EEWS) seem to have potential as tools for real‐time seismic risk management and mitigation. In fact, although the evacuation of buildings requires warning time not available in many urbanized areas threatened by seismic hazard, they may still be used for the real‐time protection of critical facilities using automatic systems in order to reduce the losses subsequent to a catastrophic event. This is possible due to the real‐time seismology, which consists of methods and procedures for the rapid estimation of earthquake features, as magnitude and location, based on measurements made on the first seconds of the P‐waves. An earthquake engineering application of earthquake early warning (EEW) may be intended as a system able to issue the alarm, if some recorded parameter exceeds a given threshold, to activate risk mitigation actions before the quake strikes at a site of interest. Feasibility analysis and design of such EEWS require the assessment of the expected loss reduction due to the security action and set of the alarm threshold. In this paper a procedure to carry out these tasks in the performance‐based earthquake engineering probabilistic framework is proposed. A merely illustrative example refers to a simple structure assumed to be a classroom. Structural damage and non‐structural collapses are considered; the security action is to shelter occupants below the desks. The cost due to a false alarm is assumed to be related to the interruption of didactic activities. Results show how the comparison of the expected losses, for the alarm‐issuance and non‐issuance cases, allows setting the alarm threshold on a quantitative and consistent basis, and how it may be a tool for the design of engineering applications of EEW. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predistortion and nonlinear detection for OFDM signals in the presence of nonlinear high power amplification
Authors: Han Huy Dung , Hoeher Peter Adam 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is characterised by a large peak‐to‐average‐power ratio and an orthogonal signal design. As a consequence, OFDM is particularly vulnerable with respect to nonlinear distortions caused, for example by a nonlinear high power amplifier (HPA). In the presence of nonlinear high power amplification, OFDM suffers from crosstalk between all subcarriers. Furthermore, the power density spectrum is significantly widened.In this article, wesimultaneouslyuse a memoryless predistorter (PD) at the transmitter side and a nonlinear detector at the receiver side. The PD reduces the out‐of‐band power, whereas the nonlinear detector improves the bit error rate (BER). Since maximum‐likelihood detection is prohibitive, a novel reduced‐state symbol detector (RSSD) derived from the maximum‐likelihood detector is proposed. For a QPSK/OFDM system in the presence of a memoryless solid‐state power amplifier, it is shown that the PD is not only useful for spectral shaping, but also in order to reduce the computational complexity of the nonlinear detector and to provide more robustness, concerning an incomplete knowledge of the characteristics of the nonlinearity at the receiver. The overall raw bit error performance is shown to be close to that of a linear QPSK/OFDM system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil resources of the Motul de San José Maya: Correlating soil taxonomy and modern Itzá Maya soil classification within a classic Maya archaeological zone
Authors: Jensen Christopher T. , Moriarty Matthew D. , Johnson Kristofer D. , Terry Richard E. , Emery Kitty F. , Nelson Sheldon D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInvestigations of soil resources in the department of Petén, Guatemala can provide important insight into the agricultural and land use strategies of the ancient Maya. The site of Motul de San José, located 3 km north of Guatemala's Lago Petén Itzá, is situated in the core zone of Classic Maya civilization and in an area currently inhabited by the modern Itzá Maya. This area was occupied and farmed from the Middle Preclassic period (˜600 B.C.) to the Early Postclassic (˜A.D. 1000). During the Late Classic period (˜A.D. 600–830), Motul de San José was one of many centers of intense population growth. The authors focused on examining soil resources in the Motul de San José area. Soil studies included chemical and physical evaluations of soils and an investigation of the traditional soil classification system used by modern Itzá Maya farmers in the community of San José. The results of these investigations, along with a subsequent carbon isotopic study of ancient vegetative signatures by Webb et al. (this issue, 291–312) provide a framework for assessment of ancient Maya land‐use strategies in the Motul de San José area. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapeutic non‐adherence: a rational behavior revealing patient preferences?
Authors: Lamiraud Karine , Geoffard Pierre‐Yves 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper offers an indirect measure of patient welfare based on whether patients comply with the prescription they receive. Adherence behavior is supposed to reveal patients' subjective valuations of particular therapies. We write a simple theoretical model of patient adherence behavior, that reflects the trade‐off between perceived costs and observed regimen efficacy. A discrete choice framework is then used for the estimation, i.e. the comparison of the incremental benefit of drug intake between two regimens. Consequently, the empirical analysis is based on the identification of patient and drug characteristics associated with adherence. The econometric approach is implemented through a bivariate panel two‐equation simultaneous system studying jointly the factors associated with adherence and response to treatment. The data come from a randomized clinical trial conducted in France between 1999 and 2001 and comparing the efficacy of two tritherapy strategies in HIV disease.Both the theoretical and empirical results suggest that, for comparable clinical efficacy and toxicity levels, a higher adherence level is associated with higher patient welfare, thus adding valuable information to conclusions drawn by a mere biostatistical analysis. Therefore, from the perspective of the patient, the adherence‐enhancing drug must be favored. Our results based on panel data also stress that unobserved patient characteristics account substantially for drug valuation and that the assessment evolves during the course of the treatment. Furthermore, we provide a new framework for the analysis of adherence data. The microeconometric framework highlights that non‐adherence is an endogenous behavior, thus suggesting new ways for improving adherence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lectin binding properties of human follicular center lymphocytes and follicular (nodular) lymphomas
Authors: Strauchen James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of lectin binding receptors in normal human lymphoid tissue and follicular (nodular) lymphoma was studied in tissue sections using a panel of lectin‐peroxidase and lectin‐fluorescein conjugates: Concanavalin A (Con A), Peanut agglutinin (PNA), Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA), Soybean agglutinin, Ulex europeus and Bandeiraea simplicifolia. Two lectins studied, PNA and LTA were found to bind selectively to the cell membranes of follicular centre lymphocytes in normal lymphoid tissue, and to the neoplastic cells of follicular (nodular) lymphomas. Con A, in contrast, bound selectively to follicular centre macrophages (tingible body cells) and identified in follicular (nodular) lymphomas a population of dendritic‐like cells not otherwise recognized and possibly corresponding to dendritic cells identified ultra‐structurally. Follicular (nodular) lymphomas share the lectin binding properties of non‐neoplastic follicular centres. The expression of receptors for lectins with blood group activity (PNA T‐like, LTA H‐like) on follicular lymphocytes may play a role in follicle formation.
Cytokinetic study on the effects of N4‐behenoyl‐1‐β‐d‐arabinofuranosylcytosine on murine leukemic cells L 1210: A comparison with the effects of 1‐β‐d‐arabinofuranosylcytosine
Authors: Maruo N. , Horiuchi H. , Nakabo T. , Kondo M. , Nakamura T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of N4‐behenoyl‐1‐β‐d‐arabinofuranosylcytosine (BH‐AC) on the cell cycle of murine leukemic cells (L 1210 cells) were compared with those of 1‐β‐d‐arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara‐C), known to be effective for acute leukemia. In a cytokinetic study, a combination of Feulgen microcytofluorometry and tritiated thymidine autoradiography (3H‐TdR ARG) was used to measure DNA content and to determine DNA synthesis simultaneously in a single cell. Administration of 200 mg/kg of BH‐AC significantly prolonged the survival time of mice bearing L 1210. In addition, the cells in the G1 + S1 phases increased with time, accounting for 94.4 per cent of all cells measured at 48 h after the administration, compared to 73.7 per cent before administration. On the other hand, following the administration of 86 mg/kg of ara‐C (equivalent to 200 mg/kg of BH‐AC), the percentage of cells in the S1 + S1 phases increased maximally to 75.9 per cent at 18 h. Cytokinetic studies further showed that BH‐AC administration blocks DNA synthesis of the cells in the S‐phase for a longer period than does ara‐C. These results suggest that the prolonged inhibition by BH‐AC on DNA synthesis allows cells to accumulate in the S‐phase to a greater degree.
Modifications in the classification of primary myelodysplastic syndromes: The addition of a scoring system
Authors: Varela B. L. , Chuang C. , Woll J. E. , Bennett J. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective series of patients with the primary myelodysplastic syndrome has been reviewed and the survival updated. A scoring system is proposed that has advantages in predicting survival outcome. The importance of either dysmegakaryocytopoiesis or dysgranulocytopoiesis is emphasized because of its prognostic impact on leukaemic progression. Over 50 per cent of the patients die from either acute leukaemia or consequences of defective marrow production of granulocytes and platelets. Although only a few cases were included, the RAEB‐T group has a very poor outcome and appears much closer to FAB M2in biologic behaviour than RAEB. Both the criteria for the FAB subtypes and the scoring system can be applied easily in each case of myelodysplasia.Of the 56 patients only 9 were still alive as of April, 1984. Eight of these were in the RA‐S and RA categories (or using the scoring system grouping 7 were group 1). All of the 16 patients who progressed to overt AML died within 4 weeks, and none was treated with chemotherapy. Of the remaining 31 patients, half died as a result of infection and/or haemorrhage and the remainder from apparently unrelated causes (cardiovascular, carcinoma, renal failure). These latter deaths are not surprising in light of the median age of 72 years.
Heterogeneity of response and survival in diffuse histiocytic lymphoma after bacop therapy (bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone)
Authors: Levine Alexandra M. , Goldstein Mark , Meyer Paul R. , Forman Stephen J. , Parker John W. , Paganini‐Hill Annlia , Lukes Robert J. , Feinstein Donald I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDiffuse ‘histiocytic’ lymphoma (DHL) is heterogeneous pathologically, consisting of four subtypes within Lukes–Collins; large‐cleaved (LC), large non‐cleaved (LNC), immunoblastic sarcoma of B cells (B‐IBS), and immunoblastic sarcoma of T‐cells (T‐IBS). This heterogeneity is also recognized in the Cooperative Working Formulation on non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Prior studies have suggested clinical heterogeneity of DHL as well, although conclusions were hampered by small numbers, and lack of therapeutic uniformity. We treated 57 patients with advanced DHL, using BACOP: 22 LNC, 16 T‐IBS, 13 B‐IBS, six LC. Complete remission rate for LNC was 64 per cent (14/22); B‐IBS was 54 per cent (7/13); LC was 33 per cent (2/6); T‐IBS was 25 per cent (4/16). (p=0.10). Median survival for LNC was 27.8 months, B‐IBS was 25.9, LC was 14, T‐IBS was 12.0. The survival was significantly shorter for T‐IBS patients when compared to the others (p=0.01). By multi‐variate analysis, histologic subtype (p=0.02), age (p=0.03), and stage (p=0.06) were significant and independent prognostic variables in predicting survival. We conclude that LNC may respond the most favourably to BACOP, whereas alternative regimens appear necessary for patients with T‐IBS.
Acute leukemias of childhood: Pathologic features
Authors: Swerdlow Steven H. , Glick Alan D. , Cousar John B. , Collins Robert D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMajor advances have been made in the diagnosis and therapy of childhood leukemia over the last two decades (Zuelzer and Flatz, 1960; Miller, 1980; Steinhorn and Myers, 1981; Kobrinsky et al., 1980).Sophisticated phenotypic analysis of these leukemias has partially revealed their complexity; there are at least three to five distinct clinical pathological entities in the childhood leukemia groups. Improved therapy has resulted in marked increases in survival and cures. Less attention has been given to the pathology of childhood leukemia, although the frequency and complexity of tissue examinations have greatly increased. In particular, the pathologic manifestation of relapses, detection of focal leukemia after treatment and the pathology of complications have not been systematically reviewed.Our goal was to look at all of the pathologic manifestations of leukemia and to relate these manifestations to homogeneous patient populations grouped by their type of leukemia. Therefore all of the cytologic, hematologic, histopathologic, ultrastructural and immunologic materials on a consecutive group of leukemic children seen at Vanderbilt from 1970 to 1981 were reviewed; pathologic manifestations of leukemia were then analysed in relationship to diagnostic categories.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Clinical features, cytogenetics, and prognosis in 30 consecutive cases
Authors: Alessandrino E. P. , Orlandi E. , Brusamolino E. , Lazzarino M. , Morra E. , Castagnola C. , Bernasconi C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 30 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CrMML) was performed to define the natural history of the disease and the risk of acute transformation. Our patients fulfilled the following criteria of diagnosis: blood monocytosis over 1 × 109/1, blast cell percentage in bone marrow up to 30, and in peripheral blood less than 5. The most common presenting feature was anemia; seven patients had fever; three patients complained of purpura and bleeding. Anysopoikilocytosis and macrocytosis were frequent. Abnormal granulocyte morphology, defective granulation and abnormal leukocyte alkaline phos‐phatase were often observed. Blast cells in peripheral blood smears were found in 14 patients. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were increased in 82 per cent and 93 per cent, respectively. Dysplastic changes involving erythroid, granulocytic and megakaryocytic lineages were constant features in all cases. Agranulated blasts above 5 per cent of marrow nucleated cells were seen in 13 patients (43 per cent). Seven of the 20 patients showed non‐specific chromosomal abnormalities at diagnosis. Median survival from diagnosis was 18 months (range, 3‐112). Evolution into acute myeloid leukemia occurred in 11 patients. No difference in survival was found between patients who developed acute leukemia and patients who did not. A shorter survival has correlated to the following parameters: leukocytes > 10 × 109/1, the presence of blasts in peripheral blood and agranulated blasts in the marrow above 5 per cent.
An immunopathologic evaluation of lymph nodes from monkey and man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and related conditions
Authors: Meyer Paul R. , Ormerod L. David , Osborn Kent G. , Lowenstine Linda J. , Hendrickson Roy V. , Modlin Robert L. , Smith Ron E. , Gardner Murray B. , Taylor Clive R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMorphology and immunostaining of lymph nodes taken from rhesus monkeys and man are compared. The monkeys were inoculated with biologic materials known to transmit simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) and the human biopsies were obtained from homosexual men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The lymph nodes from monkey and man share common immunohistochemical features, ranging from exhuberant follicular hyperplasia to lymphocyte depletion stage. The follicular hyperplasia differed from reactive controls by the larger follicular size and disorganization within the follicular centers as well as an increase in the number of cells with the T suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype. The lymphocyte depletion stage showed a loss of reactive follicles and small T lymphocytes with a predominance of mature monocytes/macrophages. Most monkeys and humans with the lymphocyte depletion morphology fulfilled the case definitions for AIDS and SAIDS while those with follicular hyperplasia usually had ‘prodromal’ findings.The simian agent is associated with alterations in lymph node morphology and immunostaining which parallel the changes seen in spontaneous human cases supporting a similar pathogenesis for AIDS and SAIDS.
Staging and treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (CVP) in advanced cutaneous t‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Tirelli Umberto , Carbone Antonino , Zagonel Vittorina , Volpe Rachele , Veronesi Andrea , Galligioni Enzo , Tumolo Salvatore , Brema Fulvio , Trovo Mauro G. , Grigoletto Eligio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐three consecutive patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas were submitted to staging procedures including lymphangiography, bone marrow biopsy and aspiration, peripheral blood morphological examination, peritoneoscopy with liver and spleen biopsy, and in selected patients lymph node biopsies. Extracutaneous disease (lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver and spleen) was detected in 12 patients. Bone marrow was involved in 25 per cent of the patients at presentation (all patients had lymph node involvement) and in two of nine patients with advanced disease during the follow‐up. Peripheral blood was involved in 65 per cent of the patients at presentation (ten patients with advanced disease) and in six of nine patients with advanced disease during the follow‐up. In 16 patients with advanced disease (T3‐T4 and/or extracutaneous disease), CVP was given with a 50 per cent objective response rate and four complete remissions of 47+, 12+, 19 and 19 months duration. Median survival of patients with advanced disease was 4 years.
Aggressive angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (castleman's disease) treated with high dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Repetto L. , Jaiprakash M. P. , Selby P. J. , Gusterson B. A. , Williams H. J. H. , McElwain T. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of aggressive widespread angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia in a 42‐year‐old male, treated with high dose melphalan is presented. The disease had failed to enter a durable remission after chemotherapy. High dose melphalan with autologous bone marrow transplantation achieved a complete remission which has lasted for 15 months to date. This approach can be considered when other measures fail.
Phenotypic heterogeneity displayed by T‐NON Hodgkin's lymphoma (T‐NHL) cells dispersed from diagnostic lymph node biopsies
Authors: Jones D. B. , Wright D. H. , Paul F. , Smith J. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this communication we present the results of the study of the surface antigen expression of cells dispersed from 19 fresh lymph node biopsies. All cases subsequently received a histological diagnosis of T‐cell lymphoma (T‐NHL). The monoclonal antibody (Mab) panel employed for surface staining of viable cells contained reagents reactive with the sheep red blood cell receptor (OKT11) and T3‐receptor associated determinants (UCHT1, OKT3) and a range of surface antigens found on subsets of T‐cells. These antibodies are characterized according to their CD group as allocated by the First and Second Monoclonal Antibody Workshops. Cells were also stained with Mabs reactive with MHC class II subregion products. All 19 cases displayed marked heterogeneity for both pan‐T‐cell and T‐subset antigens. An observation which is significant in terms of the routine diagnosis of T‐NHL and with regard to the rational classification of node‐based tumours of T‐cell originUnlike resting peripheral blood T‐cells, MHC class I1 subregion products were expressed on most of the cases examined though Tu22, directed towards a monomorphic determinant of HLA‐DQ, stained fewer cells than other antibodies. Aberrant expression of MHC class I1 on lymphoma cells may reflect the activation of the tumour population.