bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Branch Fusion Between the Ventral and Dorsal Pancreatic Duct
Authors: HIROOKA Takashi , KATAOKA Shinichi , OHCHI Hiroaki , MARUO Takanori , TOYONAGA Takashi , DOZAIKU Toshio , HAMADA Takaaki , NAKAMICHI Kouji , UEZU Asahiro , NAKAMOTO Takeshi , MAKIMOTO Shinichirou , SHINBO Masaya , YAMAMOTO Hiroshi , NISHIHARA Hideki , TACHIBANA Shogo , KUMAGAYA Akifumi , KIKUCHI Hiroshi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract : Fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts exhibits various forms and one of them is branching fusion. Branch fusion was divided into 3 types according to ERP findings. Fusion of the upper branches of the ventral pancreatic duct with the dorsal pancreatic ducts was designated as being type 1. Fusion of the lower branch of the dorsal pancreatic duct with the ventral pancreatic duct in roundabout way was designated as being type 2. Fusion of the lower branch of the dorsal pancreatic duct with the ventral pancreatic duct in short way was designated as being type 3.We demonstrated the presence of branch fusion involving the branch of the dorsal pancreatic duct by histopathological examination and immunohistochemical examination using pancreatic polypeptide cells as an indicator in one patient with type 1 branch fusion and one with type 3 branch fusion who underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy.ERP showed chronic pancreatitis in 3 of 4 patients with type 1, 3 of 8 patients with type 2, and 7 of 18 patients with type 3 branch fusion, of whom 1, 2, and 4, respectively had non‐alcoholic pancreatitis. The high incidence of pancreatitis suggested that branch fusion is the cause of pancreatitis.In addition, evaluation of ERP images revealed Santorini's duct originating from the ventral pancreatic duct in 5 patients with type 1 branch fusion, suggesting the presence of the ansa pancreatica proposed by Dawson. This finding may also be closely associated with the development of pancreatitis. (Dig Endosc 1994; 6 : 87–93)
Complications of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: YAMAKAWA Tatsuo 
Published: August 2007

Summary: Fourteen papers clearly describing morbidity and mortality are evaluated to assess the frequency of major operative and postoperative accidents or complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the key technical points important in the prevention of bile duct injury which is the most common operative complication during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.A total of 108, 612 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed in these series. Technical complications relating to the cause of death were encountered in 22 out of 49 cases (44.9%) and the mortality rate was 0.02%. The most common reason for conversion was difficult adhesions around the gallbladder, unclear anatomy of Carot's triangle and bile duct injury. Moreover bile duct injury was the most common technical complication, although injury to the major vessels and intestine led to higher mortality rates than common bile duct injury. Almost all authors have postulated in their papers that the majority of these major complications occured at institutions operating on less than 100 cases. These facts suggest that technical complications can be minimized by guidelines for prevention of operative injury, namely adequate training and experience in humans. In this paper, our technique was introduced and the importance of how to explore Carot's triangle is emphasized to prevent bile duct injury.
Present Status of Early Colorectal Cancer in Japan
Authors: SATAKE Yoshiharu , KAMINAGA Norihiro , KATAKURA Shigehiro , FUJITA Rikiya 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:We examined and clinicopathologically analyzed 422 patients with early colorectal cancer that we encountered, and discussed the problems typical of early colorectal cancers in Japan.In Japan we define early colorectal cancer as consisting of intramucosal cancer and cancer with submucosal invasion. Because histopathologists subjectively diagnose patients with intramucosal cancer, their diagnoses for the same specimen often differ from each other. The only way to avoid such confusion caused by diagnostic differences and to reach a consensus on the diagnosis of intramucosal cancer is to make a diagnosis of intramucosal cancer only in those patients who clearly show the structural atypia and/or the cellular atypia, that are typical of cancer.No one will deny the importance of the depressed type early cancer, the number of cases of which have recently been increasing in Japan. However, it is also important to assert that endoscopically‐discovered depressed neoplastic lesions are not always cancer. In the depressed neoplastic lesions discovered in our patients, the number of adenoma was almost three times that of cancer. Forty percent of the patients with depressed type early cancer also had an adenoma component. Therefore, at this moment we cannot conclude that early cancer with a depression is de‐novo‐genetic colorectal cancer.Eighty percent of early colorectal cancers are discovered to be the protruded type of early cancer. Twenty‐six percent of early cancers with submucosal invasion, including early cancers with massively submucosal invasion, are 6 to 10 mm in diameter and 76% of these are protruded early cancers. These facts indicate that colorectal tumors, protruded or depressed, which are more than 6 to 10 mm in diameter should be endoscopically removed to prevent them from becoming advanced cancers.
A Case of Choledochocele Associated with Carcinoma of the Pancreas
Authors: IMAEDA Kenrou , KATAGIRI Kenji , MIYAMOTO Tadahisa , ANDOU Tomoaki , TOKUNAGA Hirokazu , IDE Masayoshi , TSUJI Shigeharu , YAMADA Kyouichi , HOSHINO Makaoto , ITOH Makoto , TAKEUCHI Toshihiko 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:A‐59‐year old woman was admitted with lumbago and back pain. An abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a tumor of the body of the pancreas and multiple space occupying lesions in the liver. Endoscopic retrograde chorangiopancreatography revealed a 11 mm cystic dilatation of the terminal portion of the common bile duct protruding into the duodenal lumen and an obstruction of the pancreatic duct in the body portion. Celiac artery angiography showed an irregularity in the wall of the splenic artery. In line with these findings, the patient was diagnosed as suffering from choledochocele associated with carcinoma of the pancreas. As she already had multiple metastatic liver tumors, her treatment was limited to amelioration of her symptoms. Increasing stenosis of the common bile duct, however, required endoscopic sphinctomy and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage. Type 3 Choledochocele of Alonso‐Lej's classification is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported in association with malignant bile duct tumors. We believe this case to be the first one in our country linked with carcinoma of the pancreas.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy, Duodenostomy and Jejunostomy for Alimentation in Gastrectomized Patients
Authors: NISHIGUCHI Yukio , YOSHIKAWA Kazuhiko , ARIMOTO Yuichi , TAKEUCHI Kazuhiro , YAMASHITA Yoshito , SHIGESAWA Akira , NISHIMURA Shigehiko , SAWADA Ryugo , OGAWA Masafumi , YUKIMOTO Kiyotaka , FUYUHIRO Yuichi , LEE Jae‐To , KANG Soon‐Myoung , BABA Mitsuru , SOWA Michio 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) which can be accomplished with local anesthesia and without the necessity for laparotomy is now gaining popularity as a clinical treatment for patients who have difficulties in swallowing and require long term nutritional support but have an intact gut. A total of 40 patients underwent percutaneous endoscopic placement of a feeding tube in our clinic. They included 37 patients who had had PEG, 1 Percutaneous Endoscopic Duodenostomy (PED) and 2 Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy (PEJ). Of these patients, 3 had previously had a partial gastrectomy and 1 had had an esophagectomy with esophago‐jejunostomy. Three patients who had undergone a previous partial gastrectomy received different procedures; 1 PEG, 1 PED and 1 PEJ, which were considered to be most appropriate for each patient. One patient with a previous esophagectomy had a PEJ. PEG, PED and PEJ for the patients who had previously undergone a gastrectomy were successfully done with great care. Our experience suggests that PEG, PED or PEJ are rapid, safe and useful procedures for patients who are a poor anesthetic or poor operative risk and can be used even for patients who have undergone previous surgery.
Endoscopically Resected Colorectal Sessile Tumors with Nodular Surface Aggregates
Authors: NISHIKAWA Kunihisa , HIRAI Yoshihiko , MATSUMURA Masaru , YAMAMOTO Hiroyuki , MATSUSHITA Toshio , KUSAKA Toshihiro , TOYOOKA Shigetake , KAWASE Mitsuo , MUKAINO Sakae , SATOH Humiaki , HIROSE Yuki , NOGUTI Masato , KONISHI Humio , KOHLI Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Twenty colorectal sessile tumors, with nodular surface aggregates, were endoscopically resected in 20 patients. Among 17 tumors less than 19 mm in diameter, 16 were completely resected in one session and one required piecemeal resection to achieve complete removal. All three lesions measuring over 30 mm were resected piecemeal, and one of these lesions was concurrently heat‐probe treated.Thus, all lesions were completely resected endoscopically. Histologically, tubular adenoma was identified in nine resected specimens, tubulovillous adenoma in eight, serrated adenoma in one, and carcinoma in adenoma in two. None of the malignant lesions had invaded the submucosa. Adenomas showing severe atypia and carcinomas in adenomas accounted for 55% of all lesions. These findings indicate that endoscopic mucosal resection is the treatment of choice for sessile tumors with nodular surface aggregates; lesions which cannot be managed by this procedure should be surgically resected.
Early Recognition of Isolated Splenic Vein Thrombosis: Diagnostic Value of Endosonography
Authors: HIZAWA Kazuoki , JIMI Seiichirou , AOYAGI Kunihiko , SUEKANE Hiroshi , OGAWA Yoshiaki , TANAKA Masao , FUJISHIMA Masatoshi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:A 71‐year‐old man was followed‐up for chronic pancreatitis and gastric mucosal cancer after endoscopic resection. Repeated endoscopic ultrasonography incidentally depicted isolated gastric varices and paramural collateral vessels, which had gone unrecognized on conventional endoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography. The features of subsequent angiography were consistent with isolated splenic vein thrombosis. Isolated splenic vein thrombosis, which often follows pancreatitis, is characterized by gastric varices and splenomegaly without portal hypertension. This condition has a poor medical prognosis due to possible variceal hemorrhage, if the condition is left undiagnosed. For patients with chronic pancreatitis, we should not only examine the pancreas but also check for gastric varices using endoscopic ultrasonography, which is a non‐invasive yet sensitive procedure for uncovering this abnormality.
High‐cycle fatigue mechanisms in 1045 steel under non‐proportional axial‐torsional loading
Authors: VERREMAN Y. , GUO H. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTDetailed microscopic analyses have been made on the high‐cycle mechanisms in 1045 steel under various stress‐controlled axial‐torsional loadings. A special attention has been paid to a critical example of non‐proportional loading, i.e., 90° out‐of‐phase loading with different stress ratios. The replica technique has been used to monitor crack initiation and propagation from the microstructure scale. The orientations of persistent slip bands and Stage I cracks are in good agreement with the critical plane concept. The evolutions of crack length with cycle life as well as the crack aspect ratios depend on the loading condition. However at a given life, the data are consolidated in terms of crack depth versus cycle life. The McDiarmid parameter correlates stress‐life data under proportional loadings. However, it underestimates fatigue lives under out‐of‐phase loading at high stress ratio and it overestimates them in the case where all planes experience the same shear stress amplitude (stress ratio = 0.5). More damaging mechanisms are involved in crack initiation and crack propagation. It is recommended to test the fatigue performance of materials in this last condition that involves the worst damage mechanisms.
Contextualizing Research on Social Capital in Regional Clusters
Authors: STABER UDO 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNumerous works in economic geography and regional studies have considered social capital a salient factor in the performance of regional business clusters. Theoretical arguments have focused on those structural, relational and cognitive features of social capital that are expected to facilitate cooperation and innovation as a basis for cluster success. However, the available empirical evidence on the performance implications of social capital is weak and largely inconsistent. I argue that one reason for the observed cross‐study inconsistencies is the neglect of the situational context in which social capital evolves. I discuss how acontextual studies can lead to analytical error and flawed conclusions concerning the performance outcomes of social capital. I propose several approaches to contextualizing research and discuss how they would advance our understanding of the performance implications of social capital in a cluster setting.RésuméDe nombreux travaux de géographie économique et études régionales voient dans le capital social un facteur fondamental de la réussite des pôles d'entreprises régionaux. Les discussions théoriques ont porté sur les caractéristiques structurelles, relationnelles et cognitives du capital social qui sont censées faciliter coopération et innovation, composantes de base de la réussite de ces pôles. Toutefois, les preuves empiriques disponibles des implications du capital social dans cette réussite sont fragiles et peu cohérentes. Cet article affirme que les incohérences des études croisées tiennent, pour une part, à l'ignorance du contexte situationnel dans lequel évolue le capital social. Il expose comment des études hors contexte peuvent conduire à une erreur analytique et à des conclusions incorrectes quant aux résultats générés par le capital social. Il propose plusieurs approches pour placer les recherches en contexte et analyse comment, grâce à elles, nous pourrions mieux comprendre la part de réussite propre au capital social dans le cadre d'un pôle donné.
Patient participation in nursing care from a patient perspective: a Grounded Theory study
Authors: Larsson Inga E. , Sahlsten Monika J. M. , Sjöström Björn , Lindencrona Catharina S. C. , Plos Kaety A. E. 
Published: August 2007

The study's rationale:  Patients’ active participation in their own care is expected to contribute to increased motivation to improve their own condition, better treatment results and greater satisfaction with received care. Knowledge of patients’ understanding of participation is of great importance for nurses in their efforts to meet patient expectations and for quality of nursing care.Aim:  The aim was to explore the meaning of patient participation in nursing care from a patient point of view.Methodological design and justification:  Six tape‐recorded focus group interviews with 26 Swedish informants described opinions on and experiences of patient participation. The informants consisted of patients in somatic inpatient care as well as discharged patients from such a setting. The Grounded Theory method was used and the data were analysed using constant comparative analysis.Ethical issues and approval:  The ethics of scientific work was followed. Each study participant gave informed consent after verbal and written information. The Ethics Committee of Göteborg University approved the study.Findings:  The patients emphasised the importance of collaboration to improve participation. The core category, Insight through consideration, was generated from four inter‐related categories: (i) Obliging atmosphere; (ii) Emotional response; (iii) Concordance; and (iv) Rights and their 15 subcategories.Conclusions:  The meaning structures of patient participation in nursing care revealed from a patient point of view, seemed to mainly consist of not only external factors presented by the institutions – by the professionals – but also internal patient factors. The patients’ view of participation should be considered to a greater degree in nursing practice and education, as should also further development of nursing care policy programmes, evaluation and quality assurance criteria. For further development, studies are needed in similar and other settings.
NON‐DESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN PAINTINGS AND ENAMELS
Authors: CESAREO R. , FRAZZOLI F. V. , MANCINI C. , SCIUTI S. , MARABELLI And M. , MORA P. , ROTONDI P. , URBANI G. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSX‐ray fluorescence analysis is a non‐destructive method, very useful for qualitative and quantitative determination of chemical elements in paintings, frescoes, enamels, etc.Measurements have been carried out on ancient Persian mural painting allowing the identification of about ten different pigments.Furthermore, many oil paintings have been examined. For example, about thirty regions of different colour tonalities concerning the ‘Deposizione’by Raffaello Sanzio have been analysed; in this way it has been possible to determine the composition of several pigments used by the author and to identify some restored regions.The enamels of a ligneous Egyptian panel have also been studied; the results are in good agreement with those obtained using conventional methods.
THE UTILIZATION OF TRACE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION TO CORRELATE BRITISH POST‐MEDIEVAL POTTERY WITH EUROPEAN KILN SITE MATERIALS
Authors: POOLE A. B. , FINCH L. R. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThis study uses X‐ray fluorescent analysis to compare the trace chemical composition of seventeen pottery sherds excavated from sites in Britain with the trace analyses of twenty four sherds from continental sources. Results indicate that certain elements, notably zirconium, titanium, rubidium, and strontium show little variation within a particular sherd and are consistent among samples from the same source. Certain other elements appear to show wide variation which is possibly attributable to firing conditions, burial or is connected with the glaze. The comparisons of analyses indicate that nine of the seventeen British sherds can be closely correlated with particular continental sources. Tentative correlation is suggested for five sherds. The remaining three sherds clearly do not come from any of the sources investigated.
MINERALOGICAL ANALYSES OF CERAMIC MATERIALS FROM QUINUA, DEPARTMENT OF AYACUCHO, PERU
Authors: ARNOLD D. E. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSMineralogical analyses of clays, tempers and paints from contemporary sources in the vicinity of Quinua, Peru, were carried out by means of X‐ray diffraction, microscopic examination and physical separation. The data indicates that (1) there is a substantial amount of mineralogical variability in these materials, (2) the differences between the clays and tempers consist of the differences between the relative amounts of plastics and non‐plastics present in each of these kinds of materials, (3) the paints contain a mineral known for its superior spreading qualities. The study concludes that (1) the region had the ceramic resources to support a tradition of several polychrome styles like those made during the Peruvian Middle Horizon (a.d. 600–800), (2) ancient pastes made in the region had a great deal of mineralogical variability, (3) archaeologists should redefine their notion of ‘temper’, and (4) modern mineralogical differences between pastes tempered by the potter and those not tempered by the potter can also apply to ancient pastes of the region.
COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF SILVER AND GOLD IN SILVER COINS
Authors: SCHWEIZER F. , FRIEDMAN A. M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSA series of silver coins was analysed for silver and gold contents by three methods—chemical wet analysis, activation analysis and X‐ray fluorescence using a point source linear spectrometer (milliprobe). The results indicate that while the X‐ray fluorescence technique gives better agreement with chemical analysis for major components the use of activation analysis with automated equipment results in a considerable saving of time and has a high sensitivity for some minor components.
THERMOLUMINESCENCE FROM UNIRRADIATED FLINTS: REGENERATION THERMOLUMINESCENCE
Authors: GÖKSU H. Y. , FREMLIN J. H. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThe ‘spurious’thermoluminescent glow from ground samples of flint is responsible for dating errors in the region of 10 000 years for grains less than 45 μm diameter or of 4000 years for larger grains. The glow is partly tribothermoluminescence and partly regeneration thermoluminescence and the conditions in which these arise or are accelerated have been found. It is shown that if thin polished slices are used rather than powder, the amount of such glow is negligible.
PREHISTORIC FLINT MINES AND THEIR IDENTIFICATION AS SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL
Authors: SIEVEKING G. DE G. , BUSH P. , FERGUSON J. , CRADDOCK P. T. , HUGHES M. J. , COWELL M. R. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThis paper is a statistical and geological study of the results of analysis of flint from British and West European flint mines, carried out by emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Groups of flint specimens were studied from each geographically separate flint mining area. Flints were analysed for a group of easily measured trace elements shown by previous work to be generally present. The ratios between the trace elements form a consistent pattern for each flint mine and statistically valid differences of pattern can be recognized between different flint mines. A geological investigation shows that the measured trace elements may be derived from clay minerals and explains geographical and statistical variation in the composition of flint in terms of its mode of origin in the chalk. An advanced statistical technique allows individual flint specimens of unknown origin to be attributed by their composition to one or other of the identified flint sources. The archaeological implications of this study are discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGY ON THE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOILS ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Authors: TITE M. S. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSA heating mechanism for the enhancement of the magnetic susceptibility of soils on archaeological sites is assumed. Data for the iron oxide concentration which is available for conversion to the strongly ferrimagnetic form is presented for soils derived from a wide range of geological strata. These data are then used, in conjunction with the concept of the fractional conversion of the iron oxide that has occurred as a result of fires associated with human habitation, to explain the wide range of soil susceptibilities observed on archaeological sites. The feasibility of employing magnetic surveying techniques for the location of buried features on archaeological sites, situated on the different geological strata, is then discussed.
THERMOLUMINESCENT DATING OF BAKED CLAY BALLS OF THE POVERTY POINT CULTURE
Authors: HUXTABLE J. , AITKEN M. J. , WEBER J. C. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSSeven sites in Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas have been dated. For six sites (Terral Lewis, Poverty Point, Jaketown, Teoc Creek, Shoe Bayou, and Claiborne) the results are not inconsistent with contemporaneity; excluding Claiborne the average date is 1000 b.c., with an error limit in absolute terms of ± 200 years. The seventh site (Loggy Bayou), in which sherds and balls were found in association, gave a date some fifteen hundred years more recent.
THERMOLUMINESCENT DATING OF FIRED ROCK‐CRYSTAL FROM BELLAN BANDI PALASSA, CEYLON
Authors: WINTLE A. G. , OAKLEY K. P. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSFired rock‐crystal was found within the matrix of a Balangodese (pre‐Vedda) burial in a Mesolithic midden in Ceylon; thermoluminescent measurements indicated a date of about 7000 years before present.