bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Lateral Collateral Ligament Injury of the Interphalangeal Joint of the Great Toe in Adolescents during Taekwondo
Authors: Shin Yong-Woon , Choi In-Ho , Rhee Nam-Kyou 
Published: September 2007

Background Sports-related open lateral collateral ligament injury of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe has not been previously described in the English literature. Hypothesis This injury can occur in adolescents while performing barefooted high-kicking or fast-running exercises involving rapid, 180° turns on a dry, rough, wooden floor in a Taekwondo gymnasium. Injury occurs when the whole body turns quickly while supported only by the plantar aspect of the distal phalanx of the great toe. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods The 7 study subjects consisted of 6 boys and 1 girl between 10 and 16 years old. Causes, pattern, mechanism of injury, treatment, and outcomes were investigated. Results All patients showed the same injury pattern and mechanism. They all had an open wound on the dorsolateral aspect of the interphalangeal joint. It was postulated that rapid whole body turning supported only by the distal phalanx of the great toe produces nonphysiologic varus stress at the interphalangeal joint, which results in open detachment of the lateral collateral ligament and adjoining periosteum from the proximal phalanx and interphalangeal joint subluxation. All 7 patients regained full great toe function after surgical repair. Conclusion This unique sports-related open interphalangeal joint injury should be recognized. Participants, trainers, and health providers engaged in Taekwondo or similar sports should understand the pathomechanism of this injury and develop preventive measures.
Evaluation of reference genes for real-time RT-PCR expression studies in the plant pathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Authors: Takle Gunnhild W , Toth Ian K , Brurberg May B 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Real-time RT-PCR has become a powerful technique to monitor low-abundance mRNA expression and is a useful tool when examining bacterial gene expression inside infected host tissues. However, correct evaluation of data requires accurate and reliable normalisation against internal standards. Thus, the identification of reference genes whose expression does not change during the course of the experiment is of paramount importance. Here, we present a study where manipulation of cultural growth conditions and in planta experiments have been used to validate the expression stability of reference gene candidates for the plant pathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Results
Of twelve reference gene candidates tested, four proved to be stably expressed both in six different cultural growth conditions and in planta. Two of these genes (recA and ffh), encoding recombinase A and signal recognition particle protein, respectively, proved to be the most stable set of reference genes under the experimental conditions used. In addition, genes proC and gyrA, encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and DNA gyrase, respectively, also displayed relatively stable mRNA expression levels.

Conclusion
Based on these results, we suggest recA and ffh as suitable candidates for accurate normalisation of real-time RT-PCR data for experiments investigating the plant pathogen P. atrosepticum and potentially other related pathogens.
The (cost-)effectiveness of an individually tailored long-term worksite health promotion programme on physical activity and nutrition: design of a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Robroek Suzan JW , Bredt Folef J , Burdorf Alex 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disability and mortality in most Western countries. The prevalence of several risk factors, most notably low physical activity and poor nutrition, is very high. Therefore, lifestyle behaviour changes are of great importance. The worksite offers an efficient structure to reach large groups and to make use of a natural social network. This study investigates a worksite health promotion programme with individually tailored advice in physical activity and nutrition and individual counselling to increase compliance with lifestyle recommendations and sustainability of a healthy lifestyle.

Methods/Design
The study is a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial with the worksite as the unit of randomisation. All workers will receive a standard worksite health promotion program. Additionally, the intervention group will receive access to an individual Health Portal consisting of four critical features: a computer-tailored advice, a monitoring function, a personal coach, and opportunities to contact professionals at request. Participants are employees working for companies in the Netherlands, being literate enough to read and understand simple Internet-based messages in the Dutch language.
A questionnaire to assess primary outcomes (compliance with national recommendations on physical activity and on fruit and vegetable intake) will take place at baseline and after 12 and 24 months. This questionnaire also assesses secondary outcomes including fat intake, self-efficacy and self-perceived barriers on physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. Other secondary outcomes, including a cardiovascular risk profile and physical fitness, will be measured at baseline and after 24 months.
Apart from the effect evaluation, a process evaluation will be carried out to gain insight into participation and adherence to the worksite health promotion programme. A cost-effectiveness analysis and sensitivity analysis will be carried out as well.

Discussion
The unique combination of features makes the individually tailored worksite health promotion programme a promising tool for health promotion. It is hypothesized that the Health Portal's features will counteract loss to follow-up, and will increase compliance with the lifestyle recommendations and sustainability of a healthy lifestyle.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52854353.
Swainsonine reduces 5-fluorouracil tolerance in the multistage resistance of colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Hamaguchi Jun , Nakagawa Hiroaki , Takahashi Masato , Kudo Takeaki , Kamiyama Naoya , Sun Bailong , Oshima Takahiro , Sato Yuji , Deguchi Kisaburo , Todo Satoru , Nishimura Shin-Ichiro 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Drug resistance is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. Acquisition of chemo-resistance not only reduces the effectiveness of drugs, but also promotes side effects and markedly reduces the patient's quality of life. However, a number of resistance mechanisms have been reported and are thought to be the reason for the difficulties in solving drug-resistance problems.

Result
To investigate the mechanisms of drug resistance, a set of cell lines with different levels of sensitivity and possessing different mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was established from a colorectal cancer cell line. The expression of thymidylate synthase, orotic acid phosphoribosyltransferase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, which are well known to be related to drug resistance, differed among these cell lines, indicating that these cell lines acquired different resistance mechanisms. However, swainsonine, an inhibitor of N-glycan biosynthesis, reduced 5-FU-tolerance in all resistant cells, whereas the sensitivity of the parental cells was unchanged. Further analysis of the N-glycan profiles of all cell lines showed partial inhibition of biosynthesis and no cytotoxicity at the swainsonine dosage tested.

Conclusion
These observations suggest that N-linked oligosaccharides affect 5-FU resistance more widely than do drug-resistance related enzymes in colorectal cancer cells, and that the N-glycan could be a universal target for chemotherapy. Further, swainsonine may enhance the performance of chemotherapy by reducing tolerance.
A new therapy for highly effective tumor eradication using HVJ-E combined with chemotherapy
Authors: Kawano Hirokazu , Komaba Shintarou , Kanamori Toshihide , Kaneda Yasufumi 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Inactivated HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan; Sendai virus) particles (HVJ envelope vector; HVJ-E can incorporate and deliver plasmid DNA, siRNA, antibody and peptide and anti-cancer drugs to cells both in vitro and in vivo. We attempted to eradicate tumors derived from mouse colon cancer cells, CT26, by combining bleomycin (BLM)-incorporated HVJ-E (HVJ-E/BLM) with cisplatin (CDDP) administration.

Methods
CT-26 tumor mass was intradermally established in Balb/c mice. HVJ-E/BLM was directly injected into the tumor mass with or without intraperitoneal administration of CDDP. The anti-tumor effect was evaluated by measuring tumor size and cytotoxic T cell activity against CT26. Re-challenge of tumor cells to treated mice was performed 10 days or 8 months after the initial tumor inoculation.

Results
We found that three intratumoral injections of HVJ-E/BLM along with a single intraperitoneal administration of CDDP eradicated CT26 tumors with more than 75% efficiency. When tumor cells were intradermally re-injected on day 10 after the initial tumor inoculation, tumors on both sides disappeared in most of the mice that received the combination therapy of HVJ-E/BLM and CDDP. Eight months after the initial tumor eradication, surviving mice were re-challenged with CT26 cells. The re-challenged tumors were rejected in all of the surviving mice treated with the combination therapy. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for CT26 were generated in these surviving mice.

Conclusion
Combination therapy consisting of HVJ-E and chemotherapy completely eradicated the tumor, and generated anti-tumor immunity. The combination therapy could therefore be a promising new strategy for cancer therapy.
Rooting the eutherian tree: the power and pitfalls of phylogenomics
Authors: Nishihara Hidenori , Okada Norihiro , Hasegawa Masami 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Background
Ongoing genome sequencing projects have led to a phylogenetic approach based on genome-scale data (phylogenomics), which is beginning to shed light on longstanding unresolved phylogenetic issues. The use of large datasets in phylogenomic analysis results in a global increase in resolution due to a decrease in sampling error. However, a fully resolved tree can still be wrong if the phylogenetic inference is biased.

Results
Here, in an attempt to root the eutherian tree using genome-scale data with the maximum likelihood method, we demonstrate a case in which a concatenate analysis strongly supports a putatively wrong tree, whereas the total evaluation of separate analyses of different genes grossly reduced the bias of the phylogenetic inference. A conventional method of concatenate analysis of nucleotide sequences from our dataset, which includes a more than 1 megabase alignment of 2,789 nuclear genes, suggests a misled monophyly of Afrotheria (for example, elephant) and Xenarthra (for example, armadillo) with 100% bootstrap probability. However, this tree is not supported by our 'separate method', which takes into account the different tempos and modes of evolution among genes, and instead the basal Afrotheria tree is favored.

Conclusion
Our analysis demonstrates that in cases in which there is great variation in evolutionary features among different genes, the separate model, rather than the concatenate model, should be used for phylogenetic inference, especially in genome-scale data.
Use of Ly6G-specific monoclonal antibody to deplete neutrophils in mice
Authors: Daley Jean M , Thomay Alan A , Connolly Michael D , Reichner Jonathan S , Albina Jorge E 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe anti-granulocyte receptor-1 (Gr-1) mAb, RB6-8C5, has been used extensively to deplete neutrophils in mice and to investigate the role of these cells in host defense. RB6-8C5 binds to Ly6G, which is present on neutrophils, and to Ly6C, which is expressed on neutrophils, dendritic cells, and subpopulations of lymphocytes and monocytes. It is thus likely that in vivo administration of RB6-8C5 may deplete not only neutrophils but also other Gr-l+ (Ly6C+) cells. This study describes the use of an Ly6G-specific mAb, 1A8, as an alternative means to deplete neutrophils. In vivo administration of RB6-8C5 reduced blood neutrophils and Gr-1+ monocytes, whereas administration of 1A8 reduced blood neutrophils but not Gr-1+ monocytes. Plasma TNF-α in endotoxemia was increased 20-fold by RB6-8C5 pretreatment and fourfold by 1A8 pretreatment. In a wound model, pretreatment with either antibody decreased wound neutrophils and macrophages. TNF-α staining in brefeldin-treated wound leukocytes was increased by pretreatment with RB6-8C5, but not 1A8. Neutrophil depletion with 1A8 offers advantages over the use of RB6-8C5, as it preserves non-neutrophil Gr-1+ cells depleted by the anti-Gr-1 antibody. The loss of non-neutrophil Gr-1+ populations in RB6-8C5-treated animals is associated with increased TNF-α responses, suggesting these cells may function to suppress TNF-α production.
Acyl chain-dependent effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on human neutrophils
Authors: Ojala P J , Hirvonen T E , Hermansson M , Somerharju P , Parkkinen J 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is the most abundant lysophospholipid in plasma and tissues, and its level increases in ischemia and inflammation. LPC induces various proinflammatory actions in leukocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, but its effects may vary, depending on the acyl chain. In the present study, we identified the molecular species of LPC in human plasma and studied their effects on human neutrophils. Unsaturated LPC species over a wide concentration range (5–200 μM) induced long-lasting superoxide production in neutrophils. The response was preceded by a &gt;10-min lag time and lasted for 60–90 min. Superoxide production was prevented when albumin was added together with LPC at a molar ratio of 1:2 or higher, and significant inhibition was observed even when albumin was added 4–8 min after LPC. Saturation of albumin by fivefold molar excess of stearic acid reduced the inhibitory effect significantly. Saturated LPCs, particularly the most abundant 16:0 species, induced significantly less superoxide production than the unsaturated species and only at 5–10 μM concentrations. Saturated LPC species elicited a several-fold higher increase in cytoplasmic calcium and at &gt;20 μM, increased plasma membrane permeability. A mixture of LPCs mimicking the plasma LPC composition induced nearly similar superoxide production as the most active LPC18:1 alone. These results indicate remarkable acyl chain-dependent differences in the cellular effects of LPC. Elevation of LPC level may increase inflammation through activation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase, particularly when the simultaneous increase of free fatty acids diminishes the ability of albumin to scavenge LPCs.
NFATc1 Induces Osteoclast Fusion Via Up-Regulation of Atp6v0d2 and the Dendritic Cell-Specific Transmembrane Protein (DC-STAMP)
Authors: Kim Kabsun , Lee Seoung-Hoon , Ha Kim Jung , Choi Yongwon , Kim Nacksung 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
NFATc1 has been characterized as a master regulator of nuclear factor κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation. Herein, we demonstrate a novel role for NFATc1 as a positive regulator of nuclear factor κB ligand-mediated osteoclast fusion as well as other fusion-inducing factors such as TNF-α. Exogenous overexpression of a constitutively active form of NFATc1 in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage cells (BMMs) induces formation of multinucleated osteoclasts as well as the expression of fusion-mediating molecules such as the d2 isoform of vacuolar ATPase Vo domain (Atp6v0d2) and the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). Moreover, inactivation of NFATc1 by cyclosporin A treatment attenuates expression of Atp6v0d2 and DC-STAMP and subsequent fusion process of osteoclasts. We show that NFATc1 binds to the promoter regions of Atp6v0d2 and DC-STAMP in osteoclasts and directly induces their expression. Furthermore, overexpression of Atp6v0d2 and DC-STAMP rescues cell-cell fusion of preosteoclasts despite reduced NFATc1 activity. Our data indicate for the first time that the NFATc1/Atp6v0d2 and DC-STAMP signaling axis plays a key role in the osteoclast multinucleation process, which is essential for efficient bone resorption.
Ultrasensitive Flow-based Immunoassays Using Single-Molecule Counting
Authors: Todd John , Freese Bob , Lu Ann , Held Douglas , Morey Jennifer , Livingston Richard , Goix Philippe 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Background: Immunoassay (IA) technology has expanded the clinical utility of protein biomarkers, but demands for increased sensitivity, dynamic reporting ranges, and small sample volumes have limited the potential clinical usefulness of many biomarkers. We assessed the performance, including limits of detection (LODs) and the dynamic reporting range, of an IA-based technology, Erenna Immunoassay System, for a series of biomarkers, including cardiac troponin I (cTnI).
Methods: Erenna IAs were used with 10 different and clinically important biomarkers to ascertain the LOD with various sample sizes (10 μL to 200 μL).
Results: The Erenna Immunoassay System generated LODs of 10–100 pg/L using 100 μL of sample. For cTnI, the LOD was 0.2 ng/L and a 10% CV was seen between 0.78 and 1.6 ng/L.
Conclusions: The Erenna IA-based technology reproducibly measures protein biomarkers with detection limits of 10–100 pg/L, with a dynamic range of &gt;4.5 logs in sample volumes of 50–150 μL.
Assessment of Liquid Microbead Arrays for the Screening of Newborns for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Pyatt Robert E , Mihal David C , Prior Thomas W 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Background: Spinal muscular atrophy is a common neurodegenerative disorder that has recently been considered for inclusion in the next generation of newborn screening regimens. We sought to validate liquid microbead arrays for the identification of affected individuals by direct DNA analysis.
Methods: Assays were created to detect the homozygous deletions in exon 7 of the SMN1 gene found in approximately 95% of affected individuals by use of 2 different microbead chemistries on the Luminex 200: MultiCode-PLx and Tag-It. A series of 367 blood spots including 164 from affected individuals, 46 from known carriers, and 157 from unaffected individuals were then analyzed with each assay.
Results: The MultiCode-PLx assay required 4.2 h to perform and provided correct identification of all 164 samples from affected individuals. Correct exclusion was also made for all 46 carrier and 157 unaffected individual samples. The Tag-It assay required 6.8 h, detected all samples from affected individuals, and excluded all but 1 (99.5%) of the samples from carriers and unaffected individuals. Neither method was sensitive to increasing copy numbers of the SMN2 gene.
Conclusions: Both methods showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of patients with spinal muscular atrophy. For both methods, ample DNA was extracted from all blood spots for analysis, and SMN2 copy numbers did not interfere. Liquid bead arrays represent a robust method for DNA analysis in newborn screening laboratories.
Scanning the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene Using High-Resolution DNA Melting Analysis
Authors: Montgomery Jesse , Wittwer Carl T , Kent Jana O , Zhou Luming 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Background: Complete gene analysis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) by scanning and/or sequencing is seldom performed because of the cost, time, and labor involved. High-resolution DNA melting analysis is a rapid, closed-tube alternative for gene scanning and genotyping.
Methods: The 27 exons of CFTR were amplified in 37 PCR products under identical conditions. Common variants in 96 blood donors were identified in each exon by high-resolution melting on a LightScanner®. We then performed a subsequent blinded study on 30 samples enriched for disease-causing variants, including all 23 variants recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and 8 additional, well-characterized variants.
Results: We identified 22 different sequence variants in 96 blood donors, including 4 novel variants and the disease-causing p.F508del. In the blinded study, all 40 disease-causing heterozygotes (29 unique) were detected, including 1 new probable disease-causing variant (c.3500-2A&gt;T). The number of false-positive amplicons was decreased 96% by considering the 6 most common heterozygotes. The melting patterns of most heterozygotes were unique (37 of 40 pairs within the same amplicon), the exceptions being p.F508del vs p.I507del, p.G551D vs p.R553X, and p.W1282X vs c.4002A&gt;G. The homozygotes p.G542X, c.2789 + 5G&gt;A, and c.3849 + 10kbC&gt;T were directly identified, but homozygous p.F508del was not. Specific genotyping of these exceptions, as well as genotyping of the 5T allele of intron 8, was achieved by unlabeled-probe and small-amplicon melting assays.
Conclusions: High-resolution DNA melting methods provide a rapid and accurate alternative for complete CFTR analysis. False positives can be decreased by considering the melting profiles of common variants.
The Feasibility of Using a Risk-informed Approach for Calculating Reactor Pressure Vessel Heatup and Cooldown Operating Curves
Authors: Gamble Ron , Server William , Carter Robert 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The current procedures for calculating pressure-temperature (P/T) limits for normal reactor startup and shutdown are defined by deterministic fracture mechanics methodology in the ASME Code, Appendix G (in both Section XI and Section III). The recent pressurized thermal shock (PTS) re-evaluation effort used a very thorough probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) evaluation to develop a technical basis to increase the PTS screening criteria. The feasibility of applying this same PFM methodology to evaluate normal startup and shutdown operation for both pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) pressure vessels is described in this paper. The approach taken in this study was to define a new risk-informed margin term to be applied to the stress intensity factor for membrane tension (KIm) in Appendix G. The margin on KIm was determined by finding the value that results in a vessel failure frequency equal to 10−6 failures/reactor-year when the reactor operates up to the pressure-temperature limits calculated using the risk-informed margin. This simple approach was selected because it results in a minimum change to the current ASME Code procedure, is easy to apply when revising plant operating P/T limits, and allows for an increase in the allowable P/T limits by as much as would be provided by any alternate procedure. The results from this initial study indicate the margin on KIm in Appendix G can be reduced from 2 to 1.5 for PWR vessels for shutdown and potentially reduced from 2 to as low as 1 for startup. The results indicate the margin on KIm in Appendix G can be reduced from 2 to approximately 1 for BWR vessels for shutdown and potentially startup. Additional analyses for PWR and BWR vessels will be needed to develop a comprehensive risk-informed basis for any revisions to the ASME Code, Appendix G.