bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Deficiency and Atopic Dermatitis Severity in A Bangladeshi Population Living in East London: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: McCarthy Rebecca L. , Tawfik Soha S. , Theocharopoulos Ioannis , Atkar Ravinder , McDonald Bryan , Dhoat Sasha , Hughes Aaron , Thomas Bjorn R. , O’Toole Edel A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Atopic eczema is a common, chronic, inflammatory skin condition with considerable heterogeneity. South Asian people living in the UK frequently have low serum vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), and those with atopic disease can present with severe eczema. The association between vitamin D deficiency and eczema severity, and the role of vitamin D supplementation in atopic eczema is inconsistent, and under-researched in people with Asian ancestry.

Objectives
This cross-sectional study investigates the association between serum 25(OH)D3 and eczema severity in a cohort of South Asian children and young adults living in London.

Methods
Eligible participants were Bangladeshi children and young adults aged 0–30 years with eczema, living in London and participating in the Tower Hamlets Eczema Assessment study. Data was collected via parent/patient self-reporting, clinical history and examination, and hospital databases. 25(OH)D3 levels were documented retrospectively, if available, from hospital databases. Eczema severity was classified by Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score less than or greater than 10 (clear-mild vs. moderate-severe). Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors.

Results
681 participants were included in analyses. 25(OH)D3 results were available for 49.6% (338/681), 84.3% of which had deficient or insufficient lowest 25(OH)D3. Lowest 25(OH)D3 was inversely correlated with EASI score (Spearman’s rank R2 = −0.24, p &lt; 0.001). 26.1% (178/681) had EASI &gt;10 and a lower median lowest and nearest 25(OH)D3. After adjustment for confounding EASI &gt; 10 was significantly associated with a lowest 25(OH)D3 &lt; 25 (OR 3.21, 95%CI 1.35, 8.60), use of mild-moderate potency topical steroid on the face and neck (OR 3.11, 95%CI 1.86, 5.31), calcineurin inhibitor on the face and neck (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.26, 6.10) and potent – very potent topical steroid on the face and neck (OR2.23, 95%CI 1.02, 4.77) and body (OR 2.11, 95%CI 1.18, 3.87).

Discussion
Vitamin D plays a role in modulation of proteins required for skin barrier function and regulation of the innate immune system, suggesting 25(OH)D3 deficiency contributes to skin inflammation. This study demonstrates a relationship between 25(OH)D3 deficiency and worse eczema severity in a cohort of South Asian children and young adults.
A Search for Sars‐CoV‐2 Main Protease Inhibitors: Synthesis and Docking Study of Steroidal Dinitriles
Authors: Nikolić Andrea R. , Kuzminac Ivana Z. , Petri Edward T. , Ćelić Andjelka S. , Sakač Marija N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoronaviruses are continually evolving, as evidenced by the emergence of three closely related pathogenic variants over the past two decades: SARS (2002), MERS (2012), and SARS‐CoV‐2 (2019); and the appearance of many new SARS‐CoV‐2 strains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Hence, COVID‐19 has now become a pandemic disease; with a real possibility for the emergence of new deadly SARS‐related coronaviruses. The SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease, Mpro is an attractive drug target for the development of inhibitors against SARS type and other coronaviruses because it is essential for the viral life cycle and highly conserved among a wide range of pathogenic coronaviruses. This motivated the synthesis of novel inhibitors of Mpro, which could be the basis for COVID‐19 drug development. The synthesis of new 5,6 : 16,17‐diseco and 6,7 : 16,17‐disecoandrostane 16,17a‐dinitriles is reported. In silico ADMET analyses suggest that the synthesized compounds possess drug‐like properties with no predicted toxicities. Structural similarity analyses indicates that synthesized B,D‐diseco 16,17a‐dinitrile derivatives have potential as protease inhibitors. Molecular docking simulations suggest that B,D‐diseco 16,17a‐dinitriles could inhibit substrate binding by Mpro. The present study suggests that newly synthesized androstane 5,6 : 16,17‐diseco‐5‐keto‐6‐oic acid and 6,7 : 16,17‐diseco‐6,7‐dioic acid 16,17a‐dinitriles 8 and 11 could represent a starting point for the design of Mpro inhibitors against SARS type coronaviruses.
Analysis of Ciprofloxacin‐Loaded Nanoparticles (Titania, Silica, and P(MAA‐EGDMA)) for Controlled Drug Release and Improved Antibacterial Effectiveness
Authors: Sanattalab Ehsan , Gürdağ Gülten , Sıgırcı Belgi Diren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, spherical silica, titania and poly(methacrylic acid‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (P(MAA‐EGDMA)) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV spectroscopy methods. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was selected as the drug sample for this study. The loading of CIP onto NPs was accomplished through different methods based on the type of NP used. Although P(MAA‐EGDMA) has higher CIP loading capacity compared to silica and titania nanocarriers, it was observed that the total release amount was less than titania NPs and a littele bit more than silica NPs. The CIP content of NPs was found to be approximately 7 % for both titania and silica, whereas it was observed to be 40 % for P(MAA‐EGDMA). P(MAA‐EGDMA)@CIP released 60ng of CIP over 18 hours, while silica@CIP released 38 ng over the same period. Titania@CIP released 600 ng within 6 hours, showing a tenfold increase compared to the other systems. Interestingly, silica@CIP did not start releasing CIP within 1.5 hours, whereas P(MAA‐EGDMA)@CIP released up to 50 % within the same timeframe. The antibacterial activities of all CIP‐delivery systems were thoroughly examined and compared against a range of bacteria including P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. typhimurium, K. pneumonia, S. epidermidis, S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, and E. Faecalis. Combining titania with CIP resulted in a decrease in antibacterial effect in most bacteria, except for E. coli and S. Typhimurium, where it notably increased to 10 μg/mL. However, the combination showed effectiveness against other bacteria, albeit with a significant reduction compared to individual substance use. These results highlight titania‘s potential as an antibacterial agent against P. aeruginosa, with a lower MIC value compared to CIP.
Healthy Tendon Stem Cell‐Derived Exosomes Promote Tendon‐To‐Bone Healing of Aged Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears by Breaking the Positive‐Feedback Cross‐Talk between Senescent Tendon Stem Cells and Macrophages through the Modulation of Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Zhang Xuancheng , Song Wei , Liu Yang , Han Kang , Wu Yuxu , Cho Eunshinae , Fang Zhaoyi , Jiang Lianghua , Hu Yihe , Zhu Xuesong , Jiang Jia , Huangfu Xiaoqiao , Zhao Jinzhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe re‐tear rate of rotator cuff tears (RCT) after surgical repair is high, especially in aged patients with chronic tears. Senescent tendon stem cells (s‐TSCs) generally exist in aged and chronically torn rotator cuff tendons and are closely associated with impaired tendon‐to‐bone healing results. The present study found a positive feedback cross‐talk between s‐TSCs and macrophages. The conditioned medium (CM) from s‐STCs can promote macrophage polarization mainly toward the M1 phenotype, whose CM reciprocally accelerated further s‐TSC senescence. Additional healthy tendon stem‐cells derived exosomes (h‐TSC‐Exos) can break this positive feedback cross‐talk by skewing macrophage polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype, attenuating s‐TSCs senescence. S‐TSC senescence acceleration or attenuation effects induced by M1 or M2 macrophages are associated with the inhibition or activation of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 signaling pathway following RNA sequencing analysis. Using an aged‐chronic rotator cuff tear rat model, it is found that h‐TSC‐Exos can shift the microenvironment in the tendon‐to‐bone interface from a pro‐inflammatory to an anti‐inflammatory type at the acute postoperative stage and improve the tendon‐to‐bone healing results, which are associated with the rejuvenated s‐TSCs. Therefore, this study proposed a potential strategy to improve the healing of aged chronic RCT.
Rational Design of NIR‐II Ratiometric Fluorescence Probes for Accurate Bioimaging and Biosensing In Vivo
Authors: Li Tuanwei , Zhang Yejun , Wu Feng , Chen Guangcun , Li Chunyan , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntravital fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 900–1700 nm) has emerged as a promising method for non‐invasive diagnostics in complex biological systems due to its advantages of less background interference, high tissue penetration depth, high imaging contrast, and sensitivity. However, traditional NIR‐II fluorescence imaging, which is characterized by the “always on” or “turn on” mode, lacks the ability of quantitative detection, leading to low reproducibility and reliability during bio‐detection. In contrast, NIR‐II ratiometric fluorescence imaging can realize quantitative and reliable analysis and detection in vivo by providing reference signals for fluorescence correction, generating new opportunities and prospects during in vivo bioimaging and biosensing. In this review, the current design strategies and sensing mechanisms of NIR‐II ratiometric fluorescence probes for bioimaging and biosensing applications are systematically summarized. Further, current challenges, future perspectives and opportunities for designing NIR‐II ratiometric fluorescence probes are also discussed. It is hoped that this review can provide effective guidance for the design of NIR‐II ratiometric fluorescence probes and promote its adoption in reliable biological imaging and sensing in vivo.
SafeCheck: Detecting smart contract vulnerabilities based on static program analysis methods
Authors: Chen Haiyue , Zhao Xiangfu , Wang Yichen , Zhen Zixian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEthereum smart contracts are a special type of computer programs. Once deployed on the blockchain, they cannot be modified. This presents a significant challenge to the security of smart contracts. Previous research has proposed static and dynamic detection tools to identify vulnerabilities in smart contracts. These tools check contract vulnerabilities based on predefined rules, and the accuracy of detection strongly depends on the design of the rules. However, the constant emergence of new vulnerability types and strategies for vulnerability protection leads to numerous false positives and false negatives by tools. To address this problem, we analyze the characteristics of vulnerabilities in smart contracts and the corresponding protection strategies. We convert the contracts' bytecode into an intermediate representation to extract semantic information of the contracts. Based on this semantic information, we establish a set of detection rules based on semantic facts and implement a vulnerability detection tool SafeCheck using static program analysis methods. The tool is used to detect six common types of vulnerabilities in smart contracts. We have extensively evaluated SafeCheck on real Ethereum smart contracts and compared it to other tools. The experimental results show that SafeCheck performs better in smart contract vulnerability detection compared to other typical tools, with a high F‐measure (up to 83.1%) for its entire dataset.
The combined determinations of multiple veterinary drugs in animal foods by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection and their application in drug residue investigation
Authors: Liu Ruihua , Kong Zhengqiao , Wu Dan , Yu Jiasi , Liu Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe application of veterinary drugs has brought great economic benefits, but its unreasonable application has also caused a series of safety problems. The study aimed to establish methods that will provide accurate quantitative information for the monitoring of veterinary drug residues in animal‐derived foods. Selecting nine veterinary drugs in four categories, the study combined quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe technology with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect multiple veterinary drugs in animal foods simultaneously. The study established two rapid, efficient, and accurate HPLC‐diode array detection methods to achieve the simultaneous detection of nitroimidazoles and β‐adrenergic agonists, and the simultaneous detection of benzimidazoles and diethylstilbestrol. The limit of detection of the former was 1.36–2.05 μg/kg and the latter 0.42–0.72 μg/kg. Then the two methods were used to detect veterinary drug residues in 297 animal foods from 10 categories to investigate the drug residues. For the seven banned drugs, the detection rates ranged from 1.35% to 7.41%. And for the two restricted drugs, the over‐standard rates were 4.38% and 0.00%.
RETRACTED: MiR‐375 impairs breast cancer cell stemness by targeting the KLF5/G6PD signaling axis
Authors: Chen Haitao , Hou Shanshan , Zhang Hongwei , Zhou Bing , Xi Huifang , Li Xiaofang , Lufeng Zheng , Guo Qianqian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecurrence of breast cancer may be due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). Abnormal tumor cell growth is closely associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of redox homeostasis, and BCSCs exhibit low levels of ROS. The detailed mechanism between the low levels of ROS in BCSCs and their maintenance of stemness characteristics has not been reported. A growing number of studies have shown that tumor development is often accompanied by metabolic reprogramming, which is an important hallmark of tumor cells. As the first rate‐limiting enzyme of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), the expression of G6PD is precisely regulated in tumor cells, and there is a certain correlation between PPP and BCSCs. MiR‐375 has been shown to inhibit stem cell‐like properties in breast cancer, but the exact mechanism is not clear. Here, KLF5, as a transcription factor, was identified to bind to the promoter of G6PD to promote its expression, whereas miR‐375 inhibited the expression of KLF5 by binding to the 3′UTR region of KLF5 mRNA and thus reduced the expression of G6PD expression, inhibits PPP to reduce NADPH, and increases ROS levels in breast cancer cells, thereby weakening breast cancer cell stemness. Our study reveals the specific mechanism by which miR‐375 targets the KLF5/G6PD signaling axis to diminish the stemness of breast cancer cells, providing a therapeutic strategy against BCSCs.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and biological studies of trivalent transition metal ion prompted macrocyclic Schiff base complex
Authors: Sangwan Vikas , Singh D. P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo new macrocyclic Schiff base complexes of trivalent transition metal ion of Cr(III) and Fe(III) in their nitrates form have been synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques, namely, IR, UV, ESI‐MS and ESR. The route of template methodology was adopted for the synthesis of the complexes. The electrolytic nature of the complexes is elucidated with the help of molar conductance measurements. The magnetic moments values give a prediction regarding the presence of unpaired electron. Antimicrobial studies of the synthesized complexes have been carried out for the evaluation of their biological efficacies as potential antimicrobial agents.
The epoxidized linseed oil as a secondary plasticizer in PVC processing
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Thi , Duc Vu Minh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBy replacing the 10 php (parts per hundred polyvinylchloride) DOP plasticizer with the epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) in polyvinylchloride (PVC) processing, a slight increase in tensile properties was observed. The water, 30 wt.% acetic acid, 10 wt.% KOH solution, sunflower oil and n‐hexane were used as media to evaluate the leaching characteristic. The sample weight increased slightly after soaking in water, 30 wt.% acetic solution and decreased slightly in 10 wt.% KOH solution, reduced sharply and strongly in sunflower oil and n‐hexane. The presence of ELO has shown an improvement in migration, volatilization characteristics and thermal property of PVC. The positive effect of ELO as a secondary plasticizer was most evident after 72 hours of soaking in n‐hexane because the shore A hardness of ELO plasticized PVC sample increased by 12 % while PVC sample without ELO was blistered and its shore A hardness could not be measured. The scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of fractured surface the samples after immersing in n‐hexane.
Determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 in cashew nut by UHPLC‐HRMS
Authors: Giang Le Truong , Thien Tran Lam Thanh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, Vietnam is the leading country in exporting cashew to global market. However, tropical climate is a significantly favorable condition for fungus to develop when the cashew is not properly stored. For this reason, mycotoxin contaminations are likely to occur on the cashew, especially aflatoxin. By utilizing solid phase extraction technique with Oasis HLB stationary phase and optimizing conditions of sample preparation, the toxins such as aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 were extracted and concentrated from cashew samples. Simultaneously, with the assistance of ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry detector, this study has successfully fabricated concurrent analysis method of aflatoxin compounds with high sensitivity and selectivity. The method established in this study manifested a high linear range (R2 ≥ 0.995), sensitivity (limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 μg/kg and limits of quantification varied from 0.5 to 1.0 μg/kg), adequate recovery (96.5‐109.4 %), and good repeatability (intra‐day precision in the range of 2.2‐6.1 % and inter‐day precision in the range of 3.6‐13.3 %). In particular, this method has been successfully applied for the determination of 4 aflatoxins in real cashew nut samples.
Secondary metabolites from a marine sponge‐associated fungus Xenomyrothecium sp. IMBC‐FP2.11
Authors: Quang Tran Hong , Huong Pham Thi Mai , Ngan Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hanh Tran Thi Hong , Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Van Minh Chau 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the study, seven compounds were isolated from an EtOAc extract of the marine‐derived fungal strain Xenomyrothecium sp. IMBC‐FP2.11, including (3R,4R)‐4‐hydroxymellein (1), (3R,4S)‐4‐hydroxymellein (2), trans‐3,4‐dihydro‐3,4,8‐trihydroxynaphtalen‐1(2H)‐one (3), (3S)‐6‐hydroxy‐8‐methoxy‐3,5‐dimethyl‐isochroman (4), 8‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐9‐oxo‐9H‐xanthene‐1‐carboxylate (5), TMC‐256A1 (6), and ω‐hydroxyemodin (7). Their chemical structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectra as well as comparison with those of the previously reported compounds. This is the first case to report the chemical profile of a Xenomyrothecium fungal strain.
Anti‐inflammatory metabolites from a marine sponge‐associated fungus Aspergillus sp. IMBC‐FP2.05
Authors: Quang Tran Hong , Vien Le Thi , Anh Le Ngoc , Ngan Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hanh Tran Thi Hong , Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Van Minh Chau 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChemical investigation of the marine sponge‐derived fungal strain Aspergillus sp. IMBC‐FP2.05 resulted in isolation of five compounds, including JBIR‐74 (1), homogentisic acid (2), methyl (2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)acetate (3), 3‐chloro‐2,5‐dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (4), and p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (5). Their chemical structures were identified by comprehensive analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectra in comparison with the previously reported data. Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells were also reported.
Synthesis and structural characterization of N‐methylanthraniloyl‐ (4‐ethylthiosemicarbazide) and its Cu(II) trinuclear complex
Authors: Thuy Pham Thu , Dinh Le Canh , Huy Nguyen Gia , Oanh Pham Thi Ngoc , Thang Pham Chien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe new ligand N‐methylanthraniloyl(4‐ethylthiosemicarbazide) H2L was synthesized by the treatment of anthranilic acid hydrazide and ethyl isothiocyanate in absolute ethanol. The composition and structure of H2L were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as ESI MS, IR, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy as well as SCXRD. Reaction of H2L and mixture of [Cu(MeCN)4](PF6) and o‐phenanthroline in methanol gave rise to a cationic Cu(II) trinuclear complex, which could be separated as PF6– salt with the composition of [Cu3(L)2(o‐phen)2](PF6)2. The spectroscopic and X‐ray crystallographic data analyses demonstrated that H2L deprotonates hydrazide protons and the resulting dianion {L2–} acts as bridging ligand of which most potential donor atoms form stable chelates with Cu(II) ions. In particular, the central Cu(II) ion coordinates with two dianions {L2–} via (O, N2) donor sets, thereby adopting a distorted square planar coordination mode with trans configuration. While each of two terminal Cu(II) ions is five‐coordinate with the coordination sphere composed of (S, N1, Namine) and (N,N) donor sets belonging {L2–} and o‐phenanthroline, respectively.
Lignans from the stems of Clerodendrum inerme Gaertn.
Authors: Minh Tran Thi , Thuong Nguyen Thi Minh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe polar constituents of Clerodendrum inerme collected from coastal area of Thai Binh province were investigated. From the water soluble fraction of the C. inerme stems, four lignan and lignan glucosides (1‐4) along with a phenolic glucoside (5) were isolated. Their chemical structures were established as icariol A2 (1), syringaresinol‐4‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside (2), lariciresinol‐4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol‐4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4) and leonuriside A (5) by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis as well as comparison with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 were found for the first time from this plant.
Methylene blue adsorption of chitosan/nano‐TiO2 films prepared by 3D printing method
Authors: Dung Hoang Tran , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Lu Le Trong , Hoang Thai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the preparation of chitosan/nano‐TiO2 films with different contents of nano‐TiO2 by 3D printing technology. The ink solution for printing was prepared by dissolution of chitosan in 1 % acetic acid before dispersing nano‐TiO2 in the chitosan solution by ultrasonic method. The investigated nano‐TiO2 contents were of 3 and 5 wt.% in comparison with chitosan weight. The obtained chitosan/nano‐TiO2 films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) methods. Besides, the water adsorption ability and moisture content in these films were also evaluated. The chitosan/nano‐TiO2 films were used for adsorption of methylene blue in aqueous. The research results confirmed that the chitosan/nano‐TiO2 films are promising adsorbents for removal of coloring matter.