bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting along with Colleagues – Does Profit Sharing Help or Hurt?*
Authors: Heywood John S. , Jirjahn Uwe , Tsertsvadze Georgi 
Published: November 2005

SummaryTheory presents two channels through which profit sharing can cause workers to increase their coworkers' productivity: greater cooperation and increased peer pressure. This paper argues that these generate opposite influences on coworker relations, and that which dominates varies according to circumstances and type of worker. Using German data, we show that, for non‐supervisory men, profit sharing increases cooperation, but that for those who highly value success on the job, it has no influence on cooperation, and for supervisors it reduces cooperation. Moreover, the findings show striking gender differences in the effect of profit sharing. We contend these patterns fit with underlying theoretical expectations.
Mapping QTLs on chicken chromosome 1 for performance and carcass traits in a broiler x layer cross
Authors: Nones K. , Ledur M. C. , Ruy D. C. , Baron E. E. , Melo C. M. R. , Moura A. S. A. M. T. , Zanella E. L. , Burt D. W. , Coutinho L. L. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryWith the objective of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for performance and carcass traits, an F2 chicken population was developed by crossing broiler and layer lines. A total of 2063 F2 chicks in 21 full‐sib families were reared as broilers and slaughtered at 42 days of age. Seventeen performance and carcass traits were measured. Parental (F0) and F1 individuals were genotyped with 80 microsatellites from chicken chromosome 1 to select informative markers. Thirty‐three informative markers were used for selective genotyping of F2 individuals with extreme phenotypes for body weight at 42 days of age (BW42). Based on the regions identified by selective genotyping, seven full‐sib families (649 F2 chicks) were genotyped with 26 markers. Quantitative trait loci affecting body weight, feed intake, carcass weight, drums and thighs weight and abdominal fat weight were mapped to regions already identified in other populations. Quantitative trait loci for weights of gizzard, liver, lungs, heart and feet, as well as length of intestine, not previously described in the literature were mapped on chromosome 1. This F2 population can be used to identify novel QTLs and constitutes a new resource for studies of genes related to growth and carcass traits in poultry.
Is the Sonoran Desert losing its cool?
Authors: Weiss Jeremy L. , Overpeck Jonathan T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFreezing temperatures strongly influence vegetation in the hottest desert of North America, in part determining both its overall boundary and distributions of plant species within. To evaluate recent variability of freezing temperatures in this context, minimum temperature data from weather stations in the Sonoran Desert are examined. Data show widespread warming trends in winter and spring, decreased frequency of freezing temperatures, lengthening of the freeze‐free season, and increased minimum temperatures per winter year. Local land use and multidecadal modes of the global climate system such as the Pacific decadal oscillation and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation do not appear to be principal drivers of this warming. Minimum temperature variability in the Sonoran Desert does, however, correspond to global temperature variability attributed to human‐dominated global warming. With warming expected to continue at faster rates throughout the 21st century, potential ecological responses may include contraction of the overall boundary of the Sonoran Desert in the south‐east and expansion northward, eastward, and upward in elevation, as well as changes to distributions of plant species within and other characteristics of Sonoran Desert ecosystems. Potential trajectories of vegetation change in the Sonoran Desert region may be affected or made more difficult to predict by uncertain changes in warm season precipitation variability and fire. Opportunities now exist to investigate ecosystem response to regional climate disturbance, as well as to anticipate and plan for continued warming in the Sonoran Desert region.
Microbiological quality of fresh‐cut sweet potatoes
Authors: Erturk Elif , Picha David H. 
Published: November 2005

SummarySweet potato roots were dipped in various concentrations of chlorine for 5 min at 1 or 20 °C before and after slicing, and then stored at 2 or 8 °C for 14 days to evaluate the effects of different chlorine treatments and storage temperatures on the microbiological quality of fresh‐cut sweet potato slices. The microflora of fresh‐cut sweet potato slices was dominated by mesophiles, followed by psychrotrophs and fungi initially and during storage. The 2 °C storage was necessary to keep the microbial load at a low level. No spoilage was observed in fresh‐cut sweet potatoes at both storage temperatures for 14 days. Chlorination of sweet potatoes before slicing was not effective in ensuring acceptable microbiological quality of fresh‐cut sweet potatoes. Dipping slices in 200 ppm chlorine at 1 °C reduced the population of all micro‐organisms during storage.
A review of recent studies in China on the possible beneficial health effects of tea
Authors: Zhu Yong‐xing , Huang Hervé , Tu You‐ying 
Published: November 2005

SummaryTea is one of the most heavily consumed beverages in the world. The relationship between tea drinking and human health is becoming a subject of intense study by scientists throughout the world. In this paper, we first provide a comprehensive analysis of the medical literature on tea published in China during the past 20 years, and then highlight some recent studies in China on the relationship between tea and several human diseases. During the period 1982–2002, 691 research papers related to tea and health have been published in 290 Chinese journals. These studies showed that tea and tea constituents have various biological activities and suggested that tea drinking might be beneficial to human health. Tea has potential in the prevention or adjuvant treatment of several diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. The trend and future direction in medical research on tea in China are also briefly discussed.
A review of the kinetics of degradation of inosine monophosphate in some species of fish during chilled storage
Authors: Howgate Peter 
Published: November 2005

SummaryA literature search was made for data on the concentrations of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and its degradation products, inosine (Ino) and hypoxanthine (Hx), in the flesh of vertebrate fish during storage in ice. Twenty‐one publications containing data for forty‐five species were selected for review. A mathematical model was developed for analysing the data by assuming that the kinetics of degradation of IMP could be modelled as consecutive first order reactions. The model was fitted to the data and in about half of the cases examined in the review the data suggested that IMP and degradation products were lost by leaching and the kinetic model was extended to allow for this loss. In all of the cases reviewed the mathematical model was a good fit to the experimental data and the reaction rates for the reactions are tabulated in the paper. In all species the concentration of IMP decreased as a first order reaction, but for thirteen of the species examined the enzyme model of IMP to Ino to Hx did not fit the data in that either Ino or Hx did not accumulate in the muscle. There were only a few examples of replications of storage trials within species and comparison of the outcomes of these replications suggested that season or, in the case of farmed fish, genetic stock or cultural practices might influence initial IMP concentrations or reaction rates.
Electron paramagnetic resonance detection of Mexican irradiated spices
Authors: Bortolin E. , Bustos Griffin E. , Cruz‐Zaragoza E. , De Coste V. , Onori S. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryFour different spices produced in Mexico, namely black pepper, two kinds of chilli and oregano, were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique for detection purposes. In all the non‐irradiated spices we tested, the same single line signal at g = 2.0041 (native signal) was registered. Irradiation induced at least two EPR signals overlapping the native signal: an intense singlet and, with the exclusion of oregano, a weak triplet with hyperfine splitting of 3 mT due to cellulose free radicals. The recombination time of the free radicals produced by irradiation was short compared with the shelf‐life of the spices, thus limiting the application of the EPR technique for detection. To extend the time when these products may be identified as irradiated, the method proposed by Yordanov and Gancheva (Appl Radiat Isot 2000;52:195) was applied to the spices, but with no success. Thermoluminescence tests provided correct results for all the spices, even 2 years after irradiation.
Inhibition properties of dipeptides from salmon muscle hydrolysate on angiotensin I‐converting enzyme
Authors: Ono Seigo , Hosokawa Masashi , Miyashita Kazuo , Takahashi Koretaro 
Published: November 2005

SummaryWe isolated Phe–Leu as an angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor from hydrolysate of chum salmon muscle. The IC50 value of this peptide was 13.6 μm, and it showed non‐competitive inhibition. The reverse sequence dipeptide Leu–Phe also showed ACE inhibitory activity. However, Leu–Phe is much less inhibitory than Phe–Leu with an IC50 value of 383.2 μm. In addition, the inhibition mode was competitive. To investigate the relationship between dipeptide sequence and ACE inhibition properties, we further measured ACE inhibitory activity and inhibition mechanism using six Trp‐containing dipeptides, which had been identified from the same salmon muscle hydrolysate as ACE inhibitory peptides in a previous study. Peptides with Trp as the C‐terminal residue, Ala–Trp, Val–Trp, Met–Trp, Ile–Trp, Leu–Trp showed non‐competitive inhibition. On the other hand, reversed sequence peptides with Trp at the N‐terminal were competitive inhibitors, except Trp–Leu. These results indicate that the sequence of ACE inhibitory dipeptides can affect both inhibitory potency and the inhibition mechanisms.
Physical, chemical and palynological characterization of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) honey in Israel
Authors: Dag Arnon , Afik Ohad , Yeselson Yelena , Schaffer Arthur , Shafir Sharoni 
Published: November 2005

SummaryVarious methods were used to characterize avocado honey in Israel. Perseitol, a unique sugar present only in avocado honey, served as an indicator for the degree of purity of avocado honey. Low avocado pollen counts made the common melissopalynology method ineffective at predicting the contribution of avocado nectar to honey. It was also found that the levels of fructose, sucrose and glucose do not uniquely characterize avocado honey. Potassium content and eight other minerals were linearly highly correlated to perseitol content. Moreover, pH level, absorbance and degree of darkness were significantly correlated to perseitol content, and can therefore be used to characterize avocado honey.
Reviewing models of auxin canalization in the context of leaf vein pattern formation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rolland‐Lagan Anne‐Gaëlle , Prusinkiewicz Przemyslaw 
Published: November 2005

SummaryIn both plants and animals vein networks play an essential role in transporting nutrients. In plants veins may also provide mechanical support. The mechanism by which vein patterns are formed in a developing leaf remains largely unresolved. According to the canalization hypothesis, a signal inducing vein differentiation is transported in a polar manner and is channeled into narrow strands. Since inhibition of auxin transport affects venation patterns, auxin is likely to be part of the signal involved. However, it is not clear whether the canalization hypothesis, initially formulated over 25 years ago, is compatible with recent experimental data. In this paper we focus on three aspects of this question, and show that: (i) canalization models can account for an acropetal development of the midvein if vein formation is sink‐driven; (ii) canalization models are in agreement with venation patterns resulting from inhibited auxin transport and (iii) loops and discontinuous venation patterns can be obtained assuming proper spacing of discrete auxin sources.
Scraping Sounds Produced by a Social Wasp (Asteloeca ujhelyii, Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Nascimento Fábio S. , Hrncir Michael , Tolfiski Adam , Zucchi Ronaldo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA distinct behavior performed by workers of the social wasp Asteloeca ujhelyii is described: guard waSPS, sitting outside of the nest around the entrance hole, scratch the nest envelope with their forelegs, thereby producing an audible ‘scraping sound’. Field observations revealed a relationship between the occurrence of the scraping behavior and the occurrences of waSPS entering and leaving the nest. The scraping was experimentally reproduced in the laboratory by moving a dissected wasp's leg parallel to the plane of the nest envelope. The resulting substrate‐borne vibrations propagate very well over a distance of a few centimeters. The amplitude of these vibrations depends on the velocity of the scraping movements. The possible role of the scraping behavior in the waSPS’ communication is discussed.
Elaborate Nests in a Weaverbird: A Role for Female Choice?
Authors: Quader Suhel 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStudies on sexual selection have focused on behaviour and morphology, but several groups of animals build elaborate structures associated with acquiring a mate. I investigated female choice for nests built by male baya weavers (Ploceus philippinus). Nest choice by females should be strong, as nests are obvious direct benefits provided by males. I used a field experiment supplemented with correlational information to ask whether females appear to base mate choice decisions on male behaviour, nest architecture, and nest location. When the nests of highly visited males were exchanged with those of poorly visited males, female visits remained highest at the original male and location. I found no relationship between female choice and male display or other behaviour. Correlational analyses show that nest location was a better predictor of female choice than was nest architecture. These data suggest that current female choice is driven more by access to safe nesting sites rather than to well‐built nests, possibly because all males are able to build nests of adequate quality. However, nest architecture is unlikely to be irrelevant to females, and its role deserves further investigation.
The Prevalences ofBrachyspiraspp. andLawsonia intracellularisin Swedish Piglet Producing Herds and Wild Boar Population
Authors: Jacobson M. , Gerth Löfstedt M. , Holmgren N. , Lundeheim N. , Fellström C. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to survey the prevalences of the enteric pathogensBrachyspira hyodysenteriae,Brachyspira pilosicoliandLawsonia intracellularisin Swedish growing pigs and in the Swedish wild boar population and to relate these findings to clinical signs. The study included 105 randomly selected herds, constituting approximately one third of Swedish herds with a herd size of >100 sows. The herds were located all over the country. In these herds, growth promoters were not used and pigs sampled were not subjected to any medication. From each herd, samples were taken from 10 growing pigs aged 8–12 weeks, corresponding to approximately 2.5% of all growing pigs present in the herd at the sampling occasion. If possible, the samples were taken from pigs with diarrhoea. Forty‐eight faecal samples and 71 rectal swabs were also taken from free‐living wild boars (31 piglets, 19 growers and 21 adult animals) at shooting. The samples were analysed by culture and biochemical tests for the presence ofBrachyspiraspp. and by nested PCR for the presence ofL. intracellularis.Brachyspira hyodysenteriaewas not demonstrated in any sample.Brachyspira intermediawas detected in 22 samples originating from 15 herds,Brachyspira innocens/Brachyspira murdochiiwas detected in 370 samples from 82 herds andB. pilosicoliwas detected in 134 samples originating from 34 herds. In 21 herds and in 534 samples, noBrachyspiraspp. were detected.Lawsonia intracellulariswas demonstrated in 285 samples from 50 herds. Further, 418 samples from conventional herds were negative with respect toL. intracellularisand in 345 samples the PCR had been inhibited. All samples from the wild boars were negative forBrachyspiraspp., 12 of 48 samples were negative forL. intracellularis, and in 36 wild boar samples, the PCR was inhibited.
Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Faecal Enterococci of Wild Animals in Portugal
Authors: Poeta P. , Costa D. , Sáenz Y. , Klibi N. , Ruiz‐Larrea F. , Rodrigues J. , Torres C. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryAntibiotic susceptibility was tested in 140 non‐selected enterococci (73 Enterococcus faecalis, 45 E. faecium and 22 of other species) recovered from faecal samples of 77 wild animals in Portugal. Susceptibility testing for 11 antibiotics (vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, quinupristin–dalfopristin and ciprofloxacin) was determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Forty‐four isolates (31.4%) showed susceptibility to all the antibiotics tested (5.5% of E. faecalis; 62.2% of E. faecium; and 78.6% of E. hirae). Neither ampicillin‐resistance nor acquired‐vancomycin‐resistance was detected and 1.4% of the isolates showed high‐level‐resistance for gentamicin or streptomycin. Tetracycline and erythromycin resistances were shown in 28.6% and 20.1% of the isolates, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing and tet(M) + tet(L), erm(B) or aac(6′)‐aph(2′′) genes were detected in most of tetracycline‐, erythromycin‐ or gentamicin‐resistant enterococci respectively. Genes encoding virulence factors were studied by PCR and a wide variety of virulence genes were detected in most of E. faecalis isolates but were rarely found in E. faecium and not detected in the other species. The prevalence of genes encoding virulence factors in E. faecalis was as follows: cpd (98.6%), gelE (75.3%), agg (30.1%), fsr (17.8%), ace (9.6%) and esp (4.1%). Low percentages of antibiotic resistance was found in the faecal enterococci of wild animals but a wide variety of virulence genes were detected among E. faecalis isolates although were rare in the other species.
Changes in Peripheral Blood Leucocyte Counts and Subpopulations after Experimental Infection with BVDV and/orMannheimia haemolytica
Authors: Gånheim C. , Johannisson A. , ÖHagen P. , Persson Waller K. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryLeucocyte counts and subpopulations were studied in peripheral blood from calves experimentally infected in the respiratory tract with either bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) orMannheimia haemolytica(Mh), or with a combination of both agents (BVDV/Mh). A non‐inoculated control group was included. Peripheral blood samples were obtained for total leucocyte counts, and for neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts. The numbers of blood lymphocytes expressing the surface antigens CD4, CD8, WC1, B and IL‐2R were analysed using flow cytometry. The results showed that BVDV inoculation induced a significant decrease in total leucocyte counts and in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers, while Mh inoculation induced significant increases in total leucocyte counts and neutrophils, while the lymphocyte count decreased. In the BVDV/Mh group, the total leucocyte count and the lymphocyte numbers decreased significantly. In this group, the lymphocyte numbers remained on a very low level throughout the rest of the study. The numbers of CD4+, CD8+ and WC1+ lymphocytes decreased significantly compared with before inoculations mainly in the BVDV and BVDV/Mh groups. The drops were most pronounced in the BVDV/Mh group. The numbers of B+ lymphocytes and IL‐2R+ cells did not change significantly.
The Persistence of Brucella melitensis in Experimentally Infected Ewes Through Three Reproductive Cycles
Authors: Tittarelli M. , Di Ventura M. , De Massis F. , Scacchia M. , Giovannini A. , Nannini D. , Caporale V. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe authors studied the persistence of infection in 46 ewes experimentally infected with Brucella melitensis biovar 3 and monitored through three subsequent reproductive cycles. The entire experimental period lasted for 151 weeks. Infection of ewes and elimination of Brucella in milk, or its presence in vaginal discharges, persisted throughout the duration of the trial, as demonstrated by recurrent elimination of Brucella in milk and vaginal discharges. Brucella melitensis was recovered from the tissues of one ewe killed at the end of the trial. The strain was recovered from vaginal swabs and milk following parturition in the third reproductive cycle from an ewe that had aborted in the first cycle but was not pregnant in the second cycle. From a public health point of view, the periodical recovery of Brucella from the milk during the entire trial period illustrated that brucellosis in sheep remains a continuous occupational risk and a significant public health problem for consumers of fresh milk and milk products. That risk may persist for at least 3 years following the initial infection of the flock. Lamb antibody titres became negative in all lambs within 5 months after birth. This suggested that serological tests on lambs may have no practical diagnostic significance if performed during the first 5 months of life. Nevertheless, the birth of three infected lambs suggested that the phenomenon of latent carrier state may represent another way for B. melitensis to persist in a flock.
A population‐based study of renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer in the same patients
Authors: BAROCAS DANIEL A. , RABBANI FARHANG , SCHERR DOUGLAS S. , VAUGHAN E. DARRACOTT 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of prostate cancer in men with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the incidence of RCC in men with prostate cancer.METHODSWe evaluated the database of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute from 1973 to 1996, to calculate the incidence of RCC in men with prostate cancer and the incidence of prostate cancer in men with RCC. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR, observed/expected) was calculated for each of the scenarios of interest, as well as for RCC and prostate cancer in men with other common malignancies. Lung/bronchus cancer, colon/rectal cancer, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma were selected for the control scenarios because they are the most common non‐urological cancers among men in the USA.RESULTSThere was a higher incidence of RCC in men with prostate cancer (SIR 1.25, P < 0.01). RCC incidence was also higher in men with each of the other malignancies. Prostate cancer incidence was higher in men with RCC (SIR 1.42, P < 0.001), but was not significantly elevated for any of the control scenarios.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of RCC is higher in men with each of the index cancers, whereas that for prostate cancer was higher only in men with RCC. A common aetiological factor is possible. However, it is also possible that detection bias explains these findings. Serial imaging might increase the detection of RCC among patients with a variety of index malignancies. Patients with RCC who are followed by a urologist might be screened more rigorously for prostate cancer than patients with other primary malignancies, leading to increased detection in these men.