bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Karaciğer Yağlanmasının Over Rezervine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yeşil Ebru , Cengiz Nureddin , Eminler Ahmet Tarık , Kahyaoğlu Akkaya Zeynep , Acar Şencan 
Published: April 2024

Özet
Giriş: Çalışmamızda, yüksek yağlı diyetle beslenen dişi sıçanlarda karaciğer yağlanmasının, over rezervi üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmamız için Sakarya Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu’ndan (SÜHADYEK) 07.10.2020 tarih ve 57 sayılı kararı ile onay alınıp tüm deneysel uygulamalar etik kurallara uygun şekilde yürütülmüştür. Kontrol (n=7) ve deney (n=8) grupları oluşturulmuş, 60 gün süren çalışma süresince hayvanların ağırlıkları düzenli olarak kaydedilmiştir. Kontrol grubu standart rat yemi, çeşme suyu ile ad libitum beslenmeye tabi tutulurken deney grubunda non alkolik karaciğer yağlanması oluşturabilmek için özel olarak hazırlanmış yüksek yağ oranına sahip yem ve eş zamanlı olarak gavaj yoluyla fruktoz verilmiştir. Deney sonunda, AMH ve FSH’nin biyokimyasal değerlendirmeleri için kan örnekleri, histopatolojik değerlendirmeler için ise karaciğer ve ovaryum numuneleri alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışma süresince kayıt altına aldığımız canlı ağırlık ortalamalarının değerlendirilmesinde kontrol ve deney gruplarının her ikisinde de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış izlenmiştir (p
El relato de la escritura o la sobrerrepresentación de la violencia y del dolor
Authors: Ferreri Natalia Lorena 
Published: April 2024

Nuestra lectura está impulsada por una reflexión de Milan Kundera en la que expresa que “Todos los aspectos de la existencia que descubre la novela, los descubre como belleza.” (1986, p. 147), aun cuando el entramado de esa existencia se compone de una de las experiencias humanas más desgarradoras, como es el exilio. El relato de esa experiencia está mediado (BARTHES, 2004) por la escritura, se trata acaso de “una reseña de un acontecimiento excepcional” (BLANCHOT, 1959): la tortura, la persecución, el encarcelamiento y el exilio constituyen en nuestro corpus el referente de esos relatos. Así, la violencia y el dolor emergen en la superficie de estas historias en tanto escritura, ya que esa voluntad, ese deseo, esa urgencia por escribir no hace más que desnudar lo inenarrable, la imposibilidad de capturar los hechos tal y como sucedieron. En este sentido, nuestro trabajo se apoya en la hipótesis de que el relato de la escritura constituye en nuestro corpus el pasaje mediante el cual la violencia y el dolor son aprehendidos ya no como una “realidad vivida” (RANCIÈRE, 2004) sino como una forma particular de expresión sensible, es decir, de arte. Leeremos entonces la escritura del encarcelamiento y del exilio en Le livre imprévu (2010), de Abdellatif Laâbi (Marruecos, 1942); de la tortura y del exilio en Exercices de survie (2012), de Jorge Semprun (Madrid, 1923 - París, 2011); y de la persecución y del exilio en Héroïnes (2017), de Linda Lê (Vietnam, 1963).
A vida em ruína
Authors: Gomes de Paula Natacha , Bungart Neto Paulo 
Published: April 2024

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar uma das micronarrativas presentes na obra Flores artificiais (2014) de Luiz Ruffato denominada “Uma história inverossímil”. Pretende-se refletir como os aspectos de sua construção espelham questões da sociedade e dos impactos dos trágicos acontecimentos da modernidade na identidade do sujeito. Esses são representados pela figura do personagem Robert Willian Clarke (apelido Bobby), que, mesmo achando-se alheio aos episódios históricos, estava desde cedo sendo atingido por eles. Fora alvo da marginalização e exclusão por precisar passar pelo processo de desenraizamento e, como consequência, encarar inúmeras experiências traumáticas que transformaram toda sua identidade. Pode-se perceber que a contemporaneidade instiga os escritores à renovação de suas formas literárias para retratar as questões sociais, incorporando esteticamente a realidade à obra e situando-a como uma força transformadora. Ruffato, atento às urgências do contexto contemporâneo trabalha com a ficcionalização do autor e com a sobreposição de pontos de vistas, ao dar espaço para que Bobby vítima das agruras da guerra e do deslocamento contribua para o testemunho do que foi o século XX e suas implicações. Nesse sentido, dá continuidade às heranças literárias do realismo, destacando novas maneiras de evocar a realidade mais do que apenas pelo “efeito” do real, mas através de procedimentos que diluem as fronteiras entre realidade e ficcionalidade. A discussão proposta fundamenta-se nos estudos de Schøllhammer (2009; 2016); Santos (2001); e Rancière (2021), dentre outros.
OS NOMES DOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS: MOTIVAÇÃO TOPONÍMICA
Authors: Tavares Marilze , Ananias Anna Carolina Chierotti dos Santos 
Published: April 2024

Este estudo insere-se na área da Lexicologia, mais especificamente na área da Onomástica/Toponímia, que trata da investigação dos nomes de lugares a partir de diferentes perspectivas. O objetivo principal do trabalho é examinar a motivação dos nomes dos 26 estados brasileiros, e elucidar, o quanto possível, os nomes de origem indígena que constituem o corpus. Para análise dos topônimos, fundamenta-se, especialmente, nas obras de Dauzat (1946, 1947), Sapir (1969), Dick (1990a, 1990b, 2001), Sampaio (1987). O método empregado consiste em, principalmente, incluir os topônimos analisados em umas das 26 categorias motivacionais propostas por Dick (1990b) e procurar apresentar aspectos das causas específicas de nomeação. O resultado da análise demonstrou que a principal motivação dos topônimos analisados são os recursos hídricos, sobretudo os rios, recuperados em nomes como Pará, Paraná, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, dentre outros; a pesquisa evidencia também que mais da metade dos nomes de estados têm origem indígena, como nos exemplos: Acre, Bahia, Goiás, Sergipe, Tocantins. Constatou-se também que a translação toponímica pode ser apontada como causa de vários nomes analisados uma vez que, além de especificar as unidades federativas, também especificam acidentes físicos, sobretudo, rios importantes do território estadual.
Knowledge and Attitude on Atraumatic Care to Hospitalized Children among Nurses of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Mahato Pramila , Karna Basanta Kumar , Chaudhari Amit Kumar , Singh Rakesh 
Published: April 2024

Background: The experience of hospitalization is usually distressing and even traumatic, especially for children. Being hospitalized and receiving care affects the child’s response to their illness. Action aimed at solving children’s problems by nurses must be based on atraumatic care principles. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding atraumatic care to hospitalized children.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 nurses in the tertiary hospital in Eastern Nepal. All the nurses working in the study setting were recruited in the study. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from the respondents. Obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 by using both descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The majority (68.70%) of respondents had adequate knowledge towards atraumatic care among hospitalized children. Similarly, more than half (52.80%) of the respondents showed favorable attitudes in the implementation of atraumatic care. The respondents’ knowledge and attitude were not significantly associated with selected sociodemographic variables. However, there was a significant positive correlation between nurse’s knowledge and attitude towards the implementation of atraumatic care.
Conclusion: Despite the finding that more than two third of the nurses had adequate knowledge of the implementation of atraumatic care, the favorable attitude towards its application among hospitalized children seems poor. Henceforth, with the finding that a positive correlation exists between knowledge and the attitude of nurses towards the implementation of atraumatic care, a favorable attitude of the nurses could be enhanced by increasing knowledge regarding implementation of atraumatic care.
Perception of Educational Learning Environment among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Ranjitkar Uma Devi , Kalikote Bhagawati , Koirala Manisa , Pandey Apsara , Singh Ajanta 
Published: April 2024

Background: Learning environment have both direct and indirect influence on learning of the students, their engagement in learning and motivation to learn. How teachers interact with students and how students interact with one another affects learning and can be phrased as positive or negative learning environment. This study aimed to find out students’ perception on educational environment of the undergraduate nursing students.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive design was adopted. Maharajgunj Nursing Campus was the study setting. Complete enumerative sampling method was applied. Total sample size was 218 undergraduate nursing students. Structured self-administered questionnaire Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) an international inventory tool was used to collect data. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, and percentage.
Results: Most of the respondents were above 20 years (91.7%) of age, female (98.2%), and followed Hindu religion (95%). More than half (54.6%) were studying B.Sc. Nursing, The total mean score of the respondents in Dundee Ready Education Environment Measures was 130.54 + 17.44 with the score ranging from 75 to 186. The mean score on the subscales student’s perception of learning was 32.22+4.987 with the score ranging from 15-48, student’s perception of teachers 28.26+3.93 ranging from 11 to 41, academic self-perception 22.69+3.709 with the score ranging from 13 to 43, perception of learning atmosphere 30.30+5.196 with the score ranging from 11 to 45 and student’s social self perception 17.05+3.735 with the score 8 to 51. Most of the respondents (85.3%) have positive perception towards educational learning environment.
Conclusion: The study concludes that most of the respondents have a positive perception on the learning environment as well as a positive perception towards the teachers, followed by a perception of the learning atmosphere as positive.
Maternal and Newborn Health Service in Federal System of Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Gautam Saraswoti Kumari 
Published: April 2024

Maternal health is the health status of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the post-partum period, which combines the health care dimension of family planning, preconception, prenatal care and postnatal care is vital to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. In this regard, government of Nepal is adopted two key strategies to improve maternal health: ensuring that a selected health facilities have emergency obstetric care services that are available 24 hours a day and the presence of health personnel with midwifery skills who can competently provide safe and effective delivery care. In this context, three level of government namely; federal, provincial and local government is providing the maternal and neonatal health service.
Keywords: Levels of Care, Maternal health, Skilled Health Professionals, Service Sites
Symptoms Experience among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Clinic
Authors: Gautam Roshani 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Symptoms assessment is the foremost and first step of health care management. People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) experience various physical and psychological symptoms throughout the disease. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and an individual’s quality of life is adversely affected by poorly managed severe symptoms. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms among people living with HIV who attended an Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clinic.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among consecutively selected 208 people with HIV who attended an ART clinic. Memorial Symptoms Assessment Scale (MSAS) was used to assess the symptoms. Data were collected through the interview method. Descriptive (Mean, SD), independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis.
Results: Among 208 respondents, the most prevalent symptoms in people with HIV receiving ART were numbness and tingling sensation in hands and feet (37.5%), followed by lack of energy (33.7%), pain (29.8%) and weight loss (25.5%). Likewise, the most distressing symptoms were: numbness and tingling sensation in hands and feet (20.2%), lack of energy (19.8%), pain (18.3%), and feeling sad (4.3%). Total symptoms score and physical symptoms occurrence were significantly different according to age, CD4 count, duration of taking ART, and presence of comorbidities.
Conclusions: People living with HIV are experiencing various physical and psychological symptoms despite receiving antiretroviral therapy. These distressing symptoms need to be acknowledged and managed holistically.
Keywords: ART center, Distressing symptoms, Experience, People living with HIV
Awareness Regarding Lithium Toxicity among the Caregivers of Mentally III Patients Attending a Tertiary Level Mental Hospital, Bagmati Province
Authors: Kayastha Sujita Kumari , Sharma Chandrakala , Bhattarai Tilarupa 
Published: April 2024

Background: Lithium is the commonly used drug for bipolar affective disorders. Patient and family education about adverse effects, drug therapy and serum lithium monitoring are essentials to prevent and manage the lithium toxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of finding out the awareness regarding lithium toxicity among the caregivers of patients receiving lithium.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional was adopted in this study. A total of 141 caregivers were selected purposively from the psychiatric outpatient department of Mental Hospital Lagankhel, Lalitpur over a period of four weeks from September 1st to 28th, 2019. Caregivers were interviewed using structured interview schedule. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test) were used to describe the socio-demographic variables and measure the association between level of awareness and selected socio-demographical variables.
Results: The study findings revealed more than (52.5%) half of the family members were not aware of the fact that lithium may cause toxicity if taken inappropriately. There was no statistically significant association between the level of awareness and respondents’ socio-demographic variables.
Conclusion: More than half of the caregivers are unaware of lithium toxicity. Thus indicates a need to provide information and education regarding lithium toxicity to the caregivers of patients taking lithium.
Historical Overview of Nursing Education in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sarala 
Published: April 2024

In the changing world, history is the key to understand the trend in any society. History of nursing education helps to understand how nursing education has progressed from past to present. The objective of this reviewarticle is to briefly describe the initiation and progression of nursing education in Nepal with special focus on trends in nursing education in Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, the first institution for nursing education in Nepal.
Bone Health at Stake: Alarming Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency in Karachi Children.
Authors: Jaffri Syeda Huda Zehra 
Published: April 2024

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is a major public health problem for Pakistani children. The purpose of this cross-sectional research was to determine the prevalence and possible correlates of vitamin D insufficiency in young children under the age of five living in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: We analysed data from 400 children aged 0 to 5 years who had vitamin D testing (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) at a diagnostic laboratory in Karachi between January and December 2022. Participants' vitamin D levels were classified as adequate (≥30 ng/ml) or insufficient (<30 ng/ml). Logistic regression with robust standard errors adjusted for clustering in the laboratory environment.
Results: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was disturbingly high at 71.8% (287/400), near national prevalence. Age emerged as a major risk factor, with older children being more likely to be deficient (OR: 1.20 per year increase in age, 95% CI: 1.11-1.30, p 0.001). Winter months increased the incidence of deficit compared to summer (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.21-2.89, p = 0.010). Gender had no significant connection with deficit.
Conclusions: Our data show that vitamin D insufficiency is a major problem among children in Karachi. To address this public health concern and protect children's health and development, targeted initiatives encouraging safe sun exposure, diversifying diets with vitamin D-rich foods, and investigating fortified staples or regular supplementation are urgently required.
Empowering Nurses as Quality Champions: A Call for Transformative Change in Child Health
Authors: Hashmi Salahuddin Tausif 
Published: April 2024

This editorial advocates for empowering nurses as "quality champions" in pediatric care, proposing a multi-pronged framework for actively engaging them in identifying and addressing quality issues. Highlighting nurses' invaluable frontline expertise and often overlooked potential, the author calls for a paradigm shift toward a collaborative, patient-centered model of quality improvement.
The framework emphasizes cultivating a culture of quality through leadership engagement, open communication, and nurse training. It further suggests leveraging nurse expertise by establishing interdisciplinary QI teams, empowering nurses as data champions, and implementing robust feedback mechanisms. Recognizing and rewarding nurses' success through formal recognition, professional development opportunities, and impact measurement is also crucial.
Embracing this transformative approach promises: improved patient outcomes, enhanced care experiences, increased staff satisfaction, and sustainable improvements.
I, personally urges the research community to explore this topic, showcase successful nurse-driven QI initiatives, and pave the way for a healthcare system where every nurse becomes a champion for quality in child health.
Related Party Transactions and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Ghana
Authors: Antwi F. Antwi 
Published: April 2024

The paper ascertains the relationship between related party transactions (RPTs) and performance of manufacturing companies in Ghana. Firms on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) were sampled and secondary data was gathered from their annual financial reports spanning from 2013 to 2017. Considering the outcome of the Hausman test, random effects estimator was used in the regression analysis testing the link between RPTs and firm performance. The results of the study indicate that there exists a significantly positive relationship between the main variables, i.e. related party transactions and firm performance. This provides evidence that the magnitude of related party transactions that manufacturing firms carry out can enhance their performance. The policy implication here is that, regulatory institutions and key decision makers may have to look at the sector differently when it comes to rules to govern related party transactions as compared to say the banking sector. All the control variables used in this study turned out to be statistically and negatively related to firm’s performance. Leverage negatively affecting firm’s performance is possibly due to high interest rates, something which is common in emerging economies like Ghana. The negative influence of ownership concentration is an indication that when the concentration levels of firm ownership increases, it may affect good practices negatively thereby affecting performance in a likewise manner. Lastly, the size of firms being negative and statistically significant supports the school of thought that, the larger the firm, the more the inefficiencies leading to diseconomies of scale; hence, there is the need to improve upon efficiency of large manufacturing firms in Ghana.
Empirical test of bullies' status goals: assessing direct goals, aggression, and prestige
Authors: Sijtsema Jelle J. , Veenstra René , Lindenberg Siegwart , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe literature suggests that status goals are one of the driving motivations behind bullying behavior, yet this conjecture has rarely if ever been examined empirically. This study assessed status goals in three ways, using dyadic network analysis to analyze the relations and goals among 10–11 and 14–15 year olds in 22 school classes (N boys=225; N girls=277). As a validation bullies were contrasted with victims. Bullies had direct status goals (measured with the Interpersonal Goal Inventory for Children) and showed dominance as measured with proactive aggression. Moreover, as predicted from a goal perspective, bullying behavior was related to prestige in terms of perceived popularity. In contrast, victims lacked status goals, were only reactively aggressive, and low on prestige. That being popular is not the same as being liked could be shown by the fact that bullies were just as rejected as victims by their classmates. Eighth‐grade bullies had more direct status goals than fourth‐grade bullies, possibly indicating that striving for the popularity component of status increases in early adolescence. Aggr. Behav. 35:57–67, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One‐Pot/Four‐Step/Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indole Derivatives: The Combination of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Systems
Authors: Sakai Hayato , Tsutsumi Ken , Morimoto Tsumoru , Kakiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOne‐pot, four‐step syntheses of indoles using both solid‐supported heterogeneous and homogeneous palladium catalysts and reagents were carried out. Such a combination of these two‐phase catalysts and reagents causes a dramatic increase in yield, and it is a simple process. The presented methodology is effective for four‐step reactions to provide various functionalized indoles.
A New Chiral Organosulfur Catalyst for Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Epoxides
Authors: Gui Yuan , Li Jian , Guo Chang‐Shan , Li Xin‐Liang , Lu Zhi‐Feng , Huang Zhi‐Zhen 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new chrial organosulfide was synthesized through an unexpected Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement. This organosulfide could catalyze the epoxidation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes smoothly with benzyl bromide to give trans‐diaryl epoxides in satisfactory yields (60–84%) with excellent diastereoselectivities (trans:cis=95:5–100:0) and good to excellent enantioselectivities (86–96% ee).
Low birth weight of contemporary African Americans: An intergenerational effect of slavery?
Authors: Jasienska Grazyna 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe average birth weight in the contemporary African‐American population is about 250 g lower than the average birth weight of European Americans. Differences in genetic and socioeconomic factors present between these two groups can explain only part of birth weight variation. I propose a hypothesis that the low birth weight of contemporary African Americans not only results from the difference in present exposure to lifestyle factors known to affect fetal development but also from conditions experienced during the period of slavery. Slaves had poor nutritional status during all stages of life because of the inadequate dietary intake accompanied by high energetic costs of physical work and infectious diseases. The concept of “fetal programming” suggests that physiology and metabolism including growth and fat accumulation of the developing fetus, and, thus its birth weight, depend on intergenerational signal of environmental quality passed through generations of matrilinear ancestors. I suggest that several generations that have passed since the abolition of slavery in the United States (1865) has not been enough to obliterate the impact of slavery on the current biological and health condition of the African‐American population. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.