bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable pH‐Responsive CI1040 Delayed‐Release Hydrogel for the Treatment of Tendon Adhesion
Authors: Wu Rongpu , Pang Sa , Lv Wenxin , Zou Jian , Li Yuange , Li Yanhao , He Jibing , Gu Hengyu , Wang Yiting , Guan Yuanyuan , Peng Xiaochun , Wang Yi , Liu Shen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTendon injuries, often leading to debilitating adhesions, pose significant challenges in clinical practice. Conventional treatments have limitations, necessitating novel strategies. Injectable hydrogels, known for their biocompatibility, have shown promise. To enhance their antiadhesive properties, researchers have started incorporating drugs. Existing drug delivery systems often peak in the initial days, falling short during the fibroblast proliferation phase which occurs ≈1 week after injury. In this research, CI1040 is selected as an antiadhesion drug, encapsulated within zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8(ZIF‐8), and incorporated into oxidized hyaluronic acid/N‐carboxyethyl chitosan(OHA/CEC) hydrogel(Gel), resulting in the synthesis of CI1040@ZIF@Gel. This unique pH‐responsive drug release system involves encapsulating CI1040 within ZIF‐8, a substance that degrades under acidic conditions while remaining stable in physiological environments. This system selectively releases the drug during the fibroblast proliferation phase, responding to the localized pH reduction post‐tendon injury. CI1040@ZIF@Gel exerted a 65% inhibition on extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, reducing the production of collagen types III (Col III) in the adhesion area by 56%. These results indicate that CI1040@ZIF@Gel can effectively inhibit fibroblast proliferation and adhesion through the interleukin 9 receptor/mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase(IL9r/MEK/ERK) pathway, while also acting as a physical barrier to prevent the formation of tendon adhesion.
Research Advances in Magnetic Field‐Assisted Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Ru , Qiu Li‐Peng , Cao Shi‐Ze , Li Zhi , Gao Shi‐Long , Zhang Jun , Ramakrishna Seeram , Long Yun‐Ze 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolar‐to‐chemical energy conversion thorugh photocatalytic technology has garnered significant attention due to its potential for clean hydrogen pro duction, pollutant degradation, and carbon dioxide reduction. However, its relatively low solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency hinders its industrial development. External fields have currently emerged as a supplementary energy source to augment the overall catalytic efficiency. Recently, the photocatalytic performance has been considerably enhanced through magnetic field modulation, which promotes the separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers. This article systematically reviews the recent research progress of magnetic field–assisted photocatalysis, discussing phenomena such as the negative magnetoresistance effect, Lorentz force, and spin polarization. It comprehensively analyzes the effect of magnetic fields on critical processes in photocatalysis: light absorption, charge‐carrier separation, and surface reactions. In particular, this review focuses on the spin‐relaxation mechanism, explains how the electron lifetime is extended through spin polarization, and proposes design strategies for spin‐polarized materials. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and potential opportunities for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. The ultimate objective of this review is to offer notable theoretical and experimental insights that can guide the design and development of high‐performance photocatalysts and photocatalytic systems.
[2.2]Paracyclophane‐Substituted Chiral Multiresonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xu Yan , Hafeez Hassan , Seibert Jasmin , Wu Sen , Ortiz Jhon Sebastian Oviedo , Crassous Jeanne , Bräse Stefan , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study reports two pairs of chiral multi‐resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials PCP‐DiKTa and Czp‐DiKTa by decorating a known MR‐TADF core, DiKTa, with different [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP) based planar chiral groups. PCP‐DiKTa shows narrow sky‐blue emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 44 nm, while the emission of Czp‐DiKTa is slightly broader with a FWHM of 66 nm and redshifted. Both emitters show high photoluminescence quantum yields of 93 and 99% for PCP‐DiKTa and Czp‐DiKTa, respectively. Enantiomerically pure samples of both compounds show chiroptical properties in the ground state while only Czp‐DiKTa exhibits chiroptical activity in the excited state, with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 4 × 10−4. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with PCP‐DiKTa and Czp‐DiKTa show maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 25.7 and 29.2%, with λEL of 489 and 518 nm, and FWHMs of 53 and 69 nm, respectively. These EQEmax values are higher than those of other reported devices employing PCP‐based D‐A type emitters. This work demonstrates that the PCP moiety is not only a powerful building block to develop planar chiral emitters but one that is compatible with the fabrication of high efficiency devices.
Synergistic Regulation of Crystallization Kinetics of Donor/Acceptor by New Volatile Additives for High Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Jiaping , Deng Jiawei , Pei Yaqi , Jeong Sang Young , Huang Bin , Zhou Dan , Woo Han Young , Xu Junying , Wu Feiyan , Chen Lie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIdeal nanoscale morphology of heterojunction active layer is important for the development of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the mismatched crystalline kinetic between the polymer donor and small molecular acceptor often leads to the difficulties in controlling the morphology of the active layer. Herein, polar 1,2‐dibromo‐4,5‐difluorobenzene (DFB) and non‐polar 1,4‐dibromotetrafluorobenzene (TFB) are developed as the volatile additives for OSCs. More attractively, different from the reported volatile additives, both new volatile additives can simultaneously interact with donor and acceptor, synergistic regulating the crystallization kinetic and well‐balancing the crystallization behaviors between the polymer donor and small molecular acceptor during film formation process. Notably, due to the stronger dipole‐dipole interactions with active layer, polar DFB induces the more favorable film morphology than non‐polar TFB. As a result, the two additives‐treated PM6:Y6 devices both outperform the CN‐treated device (16.13%), and the polar DFB‐treated device deliver a higher efficiency of 17.15% than non‐polar TFB‐treated one (16.30%). With polar DFB additive, PM6:L8‐BO and PM6: BTP‐eC9 also achieve superior efficiency of 18.46% and 18.17%, respectively. This work deepens the insights of regulating crystallization kinetics and optimizing nanoscale morphology by developing simple volatile additives for further achieving high‐efficient OSCs.
One Stone Three Birds: Silver Sulfadiazine Modulates the Stability and Dynamics of Hydrogels for Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Huang Ye , Kang Haifei , Wang Yue , Liu Kun , Wei Wenying , Dai Honglian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDynamic covalent bond hydrogels have demonstrated significant application potential in biomedical fields for their dynamic reversibility. However, the contradiction between the stability and dynamics of the hydrogel restricts its application. Here, utilizing silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) as a catalyst, hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogels are constructed through imine bond crosslinking and incorporated disulfide bonds within the same crosslinking chain. It is found that AgSD can accelerate the formation of imine crosslinking bonds to improve the stability of hydrogels, thereby shortening the gelation time by ≈36.9 times, enhancing compression strength and adhesion strength by ≈2.4 times and 1.7 times, respectively, while inhibiting swelling and degradation rates to ≈2.1 times and 3.7 times. Besides, AgSD can coordinate with disulfide bonds to enhance the dynamics of hydrogel, enhancing the hydrogel self‐healing efficiency by ≈2.3 times while reducing the relaxation time by ≈25.1 times. Significantly, AgSD imparts remarkable antibacterial properties to the hydrogel, thereby effectively facilitating the healing of bacterial infected wounds. Consequently, introducing AgSD enables hydrogels to possess concurrent stability, dynamics, and antibacterial properties. This strategy of regulating hydrogels by introducing AgSD provides a valuable reference for the application of dynamic covalent bonds.
Polymerizing M‐Series Acceptors for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells: Effect of the Molecular Shape
Authors: Zhu Yuhang , Guo Hui , Xiong Xiaoying , Cai Dongdong , Ma Yunlong , Zheng Qingdong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurrently, high‐performance polymerized small‐molecule acceptors (PSMAs) based on ADA‐type SMAs are still rare and greatly demanded for polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, two novel regioregular PSMAs (PW‐Se and PS‐Se) are designed and synthesized by using centrosymmetric (linear‐shaped) and axisymmetric (banana‐shaped) ADA‐type SMAs as the main building blocks, respectively. It is demonstrated that photovoltaic performance of the PSMAs can be significantly improved by optimizing the configuration of ADA‐type SMAs. Compared to the axisymmetric SMA‐based polymer (PS‐Se), PW‐Se using a centrosymmetric SMA as the main building block exhibits better backbone coplanarity thereby resulting in bathochromically shifted absorption with a higher absorption coefficient, tighter interchain π–π stacking, and more favorable blend film morphology. As a result, enhanced and more‐balanced charge transport, better exciton dissociation, and reduced charge recombination are achieved for PW‐Se‐based devices with PM6 as polymer donor. Benefiting from these positive factors, the optimal PM6:PW‐Se‐based device exhibits a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.65% compared to the PM6:PS‐Se‐based device (8.90%). Furthermore, incorporation of PW‐Se as a third component in the binary active layer of PM6:M36 yields ternary devices with an outstanding PCE of 18.0%, which is the highest value for PSCs based on ADA‐type SMAs, to the best of the knowledge.
Memristive Explainable Artificial Intelligence Hardware
Authors: Song Hanchan , Park Woojoon , Kim Gwangmin , Choi Moon Gu , In Jae Hyun , Rhee Hakseung , Kim Kyung Min 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is often considered a black box because it provides optimal answers without clear insight into its decision‐making process. To address this black box problem, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has emerged, which provides an explanation and interpretation of its decisions, thereby promoting the trustworthiness of AI systems. Here, a memristive XAI hardware framework is presented. This framework incorporates three distinct types of memristors (Mott memristor, valence change memristor, and charge trap memristor), each responsible for performing three essential functions (perturbation, analog multiplication, and integration) required for the XAI hardware implementation. Three memristor arrays with high robustness are fabricated and the image recognition of 3 × 3 testing patterns and their explanation map generation are experimentally demonstrated. Then, a software‐based extended system based on the characteristics of this hardware is built, simulating a large‐scale image recognition task. The proposed system can perform the XAI operations with only 4.32% of the energy compared to conventional digital systems, enlightening its strong potential for the XAI accelerator.
Chain‐Like Semiconductive Fillers for Dielectric Enhancement and Loss Reduction of Polymer Composites
Authors: Wu Xudong , Karlin Anat , Beilin Vadim , Shter Gennady E. , Grader Gideon S. , Ivry Yachin , Lin Shuheng , Tan Daniel Q. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDielectric loss is a crucial factor in determining the long‐term endurance for security and energy loss of dielectric composites. Here, chain‐like semiconductive fibers of titanium oxide, indium, and niobium‐doped titanium oxide are used for enhancing the complex dielectric properties of a polymer through composite construction, which involves significant interface enhancements. The chain‐like fibers significantly enhance the dielectric constant owing to the special morphology of the fillers and their interfacial polarization, especially at higher temperatures. The dielectric loss and electrical conductivity of the composites are substantially reduced across the entire investigated temperature range, achieved by passivating the fiber surface with an alumina shell using atomic layer deposition. The as‐deposited alumina shell transformed from an amorphous to a crystalline phase through thermal annealing results in a porous shell and more effective suppression of the loss tangent and electrical conductivity. A plausible mechanism for loss suppression is associated with carrier movement along the surface of the fibers and bulk, leading to a higher loss tangent. The alumina shell blocks the carrier transport path, particularly at the interfaces, resulting in a reduced interfacial polarization contribution and energy storage loss. This study provides a method for inhibiting dielectric loss by fabricating fillers with special surfaces.
Porous Titanium/SF Sponge Composite Scaffold with Loads of Gentamicin and Small Extracellular Vesicles to Improve Antibacterial and Osteogenesis Properties
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Hanxu , Xiong Yin‐Ze , Wang Bibo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing has been widely used for producing porous titanium orthopedic implants. However, the higher surface area inherent to porous structures increases the risk of bacterial colonization. In this work, composite scaffolds with dual functions of the antibacterial and osteogenesis promotion properties are developed. The porous titanium is fabricated using a selective laser melting process to provide mechanical support. Silk fibrin (SF) sponge‐loading gentamicin and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are prepared in the pores of the porous titanium. The developed composite scaffolds are investigated for their antibacterial and osteogenesis effects. The samples exhibit well antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The samples also show good cytocompatibility, effectively promoting the adhesion and proliferation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). EVs significantly promote the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes in rBMCSs and the superior extracellular matrix mineralization reveals that EVs have a remarkable role in enhancing osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the composite scaffolds with dual functions of antibacterial and osteogenesis promotion properties have excellent potential for orthopedic implant applications.
Back Interface and Absorber Bulk Deep‐Level Trap Optimization Enables Highly Efficient Flexible Antimony Triselenide Solar Cell
Authors: Yang Jia , Chen Mingdong , Chen Guojie , Hou Yanqing , Su Zhenghua , Chen Shuo , Zhao Jun , Liang Guangxing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe unique 1D crystal structure of Antimony Triselenide (Sb2Se3) offers notable potential for use in flexible, lightweight devices due to its excellent bending characteristics. However, fabricating high‐efficiency flexible Sb2Se3 solar cells is challenging, primarily due to the suboptimal contact interface between the embedded Sb2Se3 layer and the molybdenum back‐contact, compounded by complex intrinsic defects. This study introduces a novel Molybdenum Trioxide (MoO3) interlayer to address the back contact interface issues in flexible Sb2Se3 devices. Further investigations indicate that incorporating a MoO3 interlayer not only enhances the crystalline quality but also promotes a favorable [hk1] growth orientation in the Sb2Se3 absorber layer. It also reduces the barrier height at the back contact interface and effectively passivates harmful defects. As a result, the flexible Sb2Se3 solar cell, featuring a Mo‐foil/Mo/MoO3/Sb2Se3/CdS/ITO/Ag substrate structure, demonstrates exceptional flexibility and durability, enduring large bending radii and multiple bending cycles while achieving an impressive efficiency of 8.23%. This research offers a straightforward approach to enhancing the performance of flexible Sb2Se3 devices, thereby expanding their application scope in the field of photovoltaics.
“Cold feet”: A qualitative study of medical students who seriously considered emergency medicine but chose another specialty
Authors: Akhavan Arvin R. , Kontrick Amy V. , Egan Haley , Balint Stephanie A. , Kane Bryan G. , House Joseph B. , Graffeo Charles S. , Courtney D. Mark , Lu Dave W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionEmergency medicine (EM) has historically been among the most competitive specialties in the United States. However, in 2022 and 2023, 219 of 2921 and 554 of 3010 respective National Resident Matching Program positions were initially unfilled. Medical students’ selection of a medical specialty is a complex process. To better understand recent trends in the EM residency match, this qualitative study explored through one‐on‐one interviews the rationale of senior medical students who seriously considered EM but ultimately pursued another specialty.MethodsA convenience sample of senior medical students from across the United States was recruited via multiple mechanisms after the 2023 match. Participant characteristics were collected via an online survey. Qualitative data were generated through a series of one‐on‐one semistructured interviews and thematic analysis of the data was performed using a constant comparative approach.ResultsSixteen senior medical students from 12 different institutions participated in the study. Thematic saturation was reached after 12 interviews but data from all 16 interviews were included for qualitative analyses. Five major themes emerged as important in students’ consideration but ultimate rejection of EM as a career: (1) innate features of EM attracted or dissuaded students, (2) widespread awareness of a recent workforce report, (3) burnout in EM, (4) their perception of EM's standing in the health care landscape, and (5) early EM experience and exposure.ConclusionsThis qualitative study identified five major themes in the career decisions of senior medical students who seriously considered EM but chose another specialty. These findings may help inform the perceptions of students and guide future EM recruitment efforts.
Synthesis of (E)‐β‐Iodovinyl Sulfones via HI‐mediated Vicinal Iodosulfonylation of Alkynes with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Chen Zu‐Jia , Zeng Yu , Li Zhong‐Hao , Li Huan‐Qing , Yu Shi‐Wei , Shen Qing , Wang Zhao‐Yang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydroiodic acid‐mediated vicinal iodosulfonylation reaction of alkynes with sodium sulfinates is proposed for the synthesis of (E)‐β‐iodovinyl sulfones. The method is easy to operate, environmentally friendly, using inexpensive and easily available raw materials, and giving the target products with good regio‐ and stereoselectivity in satisfactory yields.
Total Synthesis of the Euphorbia Diterpenoid Pepluacetal
Authors: Liu Meng , Wu Chuanhua , Xie Xingang , Li Huilin , She Xuegong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the Euphorbia diterpenoid pepluacetal is disclosed in both racemic and chiral fashions. The synthesis strategically relies on a photo‐induced Wolff rearrangement/lactonization cascade (WRLC) reaction to access the cyclobutane moiety, a ring‐closing metathesis/cyclopropanation sequence to rapidly forge the 7–3 bicyclic system, and a late‐stage Rh‐catalyzed transannular carbenoid insertion to C(sp3)−H bond followed by a Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and ring‐opening manipulations to install the side chain. The synthetic route demonstrates excellent stereochemical control on the non‐classical concave‐face bond formation, remote traceless stereochemical relay and high scalability to provide 20 mg of (+)‐pepluacetal.
Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of Ferroptosis on Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Using a Dual‐Locking Mitochondrial Targeting Strategy
Authors: Yin Junling , Zheng Xueying , Zhao Yuxi , Shen Xiaotong , Cheng Tian , Shao Xinyu , Jing Xinying , Huang Shuhong , Lin Weiying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch on ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) using mitochondrial viscosity as a nexus holds great promise for MIRI therapy. However, high‐precision visualisation of mitochondrial viscosity remains a formidable task owing to the debilitating electrostatic interactions caused by damaged mitochondrial membrane potential. Herein, we propose a dual‐locking mitochondria‐targeting strategy that incorporates electrostatic forces and probe‐protein molecular docking. Even in damaged mitochondria, stable and precise visualisation of mitochondrial viscosity in triggered and medicated MIRI was achieved owing to the sustained driving forces (e.g., pi‐cation, pi‐alkyl interactions, etc.) between the developed probe, CBS, and the mitochondrial membrane protein. Moreover, complemented by a western blot, we confirmed that ferrostatin‐1 exerts its therapeutic effect on MIRI by improving the system xc−/GSH/GPX4 antioxidant system, confirming the therapeutic value of ferroptosis in MIRI. This study presents a novel strategy for developing robust mitochondrial probes, thereby advancing MIRI treatment.
Triplet‐Triplet Energy Transfer: A Simple Strategy for an Efficient Visible Light‐Induced Photoclick Reaction
Authors: Fu Youxin , Alachouzos Georgios , Simeth Nadja A. , Di Donato Mariangela , Hilbers Michiel F. , Buma Wybren Jan , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotoclick reactions combine the advantages offered by light‐driven processes and classical click chemistry and have found applications ranging from surface functionalization, polymer conjugation, photo‐crosslinking, and protein labeling. Despite these advances, the dependency of most of the photoclick reactions on UV light poses a severe obstacle for their general implementation, as this light can be absorbed by other molecules in the system resulting in their degradation or unwanted reactivity. However, the development of a simple and efficient system to achieve bathochromically shifted photoclick transformations remains challenging. Here, we introduce triplet‐triplet energy transfer as a fast and selective way to enable visible light‐induced photoclick reactions. Specifically, we show that 9,10‐phenanthrenequinones (PQs) can efficiently react with electron‐rich alkenes (ERAs) in the presence of a catalytic amount (as little as 5 mol %) of photosensitizers. The photocycloaddition reaction can be achieved under green (530 nm) or orange (590 nm) light irradiation, representing a bathochromic shift of over 100 nm as compared to the classical PQ‐ERAs system. Furthermore, by combining appropriate reactants, we establish an orthogonal, blue and green light‐induced photoclick reaction system in which the product distribution can be precisely controlled by the choice of the color of light.
Synthesis and Structure of Protonated Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Jessen Christoph , Kornath Andreas J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSalts of protonated sulfur dioxide were synthesized by recrystallization of [FS(OX)2][SbF6] (X=H, D) in aprotic solvents at low temperatures. Hemiprotonated sulfur dioxide [(SO2)2H][Sb2F11] was obtained from the solvent SO2 and the monoprotonated sulfur dioxide [OSOD][Sb2F11], using 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane as solvent. For both compounds, single crystals were obtained and an X‐ray structure analysis was conducted. Furthermore, the salts were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and the results were discussed together with quantum chemical calculations on the M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory.