bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C enhances vesicular storage of dopamine and counters dopaminergic toxicity
Authors: Bucher Meghan L. , Dunn Amy R. , Bradner Joshua M. , Egerton Kristen Stout , Burkett James P. , Johnson Michelle A. , Miller Gary W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra exist in a persistent state of vulnerability resulting from high baseline oxidative stress, high‐energy demand, and broad unmyelinated axonal arborisations. Impairments in the storage of dopamine compound this stress because of cytosolic reactions that transform the vital neurotransmitter into an endogenous neurotoxicant, and this toxicity is thought to contribute to the dopamine neuron degeneration that occurs Parkinson's disease. We have previously identified synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) as a modifier of vesicular dopamine function, demonstrating that genetic ablation of SV2C in mice results in decreased dopamine content and evoked dopamine release in the striatum. Here, we adapted a previously published in vitro assay utilising false fluorescent neurotransmitter 206 (FFN206) to visualise how SV2C regulates vesicular dopamine dynamics and determined that SV2C promotes the uptake and retention of FFN206 within vesicles. In addition, we present data indicating that SV2C enhances the retention of dopamine in the vesicular compartment with radiolabelled dopamine in vesicles isolated from immortalised cells and from mouse brain. Further, we demonstrate that SV2C enhances the ability of vesicles to store the neurotoxicant 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and that genetic ablation of SV2C results in enhanced 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced vulnerability in mice. Together, these findings suggest that SV2C functions to enhance vesicular storage of dopamine and neurotoxicants and helps maintain the integrity of dopaminergic neurons.
Comprehensive assessment of risk factors and pathogenic characteristics of wound infections following thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhu Jianhua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, with surgical resection as a primary treatment modality. However, postoperative wound infections (PWIs) pose significant risks following thoracoscopic radical resection. This study aims to identify the risk factors and pathogenetic characteristics associated with PWIs in lung cancer surgery. A comprehensive retrospective study was conducted from August 2021 to June 2023 at our institution. The study included 30 patients who developed PWIs and 60 controls who did not, following thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer. We evaluated various factors including age, hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, body mass index (BMI), operation time, prophylactic antibiotic use, diabetes mellitus and tumour staging. Diagnostic criteria for PWIs were based on clinical signs and microbiological confirmation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, utilizing chi‐square tests, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The predominant pathogens identified in PWIs were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Univariate analysis revealed operation time (≥4 h) and diabetes mellitus as significant risk factors for PWIs, while prophylactic antibiotic use was associated with a lower incidence of PWIs. Multivariate analysis further confirmed these findings, highlighting prolonged operation time and diabetes as significant predictors of PWIs, and antibiotic use as a protective factor. Prolonged operation time and diabetes mellitus significantly increase the risk of PWIs following thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer, whereas prophylactic antibiotics play a protective role. These findings underscore the importance of tailored preventive strategies in clinical practice to minimize the occurrence of postoperative infections and improve surgical outcomes in lung cancer patients.
Mitochondrial respiration in peripheral arterial disease depends on stage severity
Authors: Speichinger Fiona , Gratl Alexandra , Raude Ben , Schawe Larissa , Carstens Jan , Hering Nina A. , Greiner Andreas , Pesta Dominik , Frese Jan Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and its severity is graded based on clinical manifestation. To investigate the influence of the different stages on myopathy of ischemic muscle we analysed severity‐dependent effects of mitochondrial respiration in PAD. Eighteen patients with severe PAD, defined as chronic limb‐threatening ischemia, 47 patients with intermittent claudication (IC) and 22 non‐ischemic controls were analysed. High‐resolution respirometry (HRR) was performed on muscle biopsies of gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis muscle of patients in different PAD stages to investigate different respiratory states. Results from HRR are given as median and interquartile range and were normalized to citrate synthase activity (CSA), a marker for mitochondrial content. In order to account for inter‐individual differences between patients and controls, we calculated the ratio of O₂‐flux in gastrocnemius muscle over vastus muscle (‘GV ratio’). CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle as a proxy for mitochondrial content was significantly lower in critical ischemia compared to controls. Mitochondrial respiration normalized to CSA was higher in IC compared to controls. Likewise, the GV ratio was significantly higher in IC compared to control. Mitochondrial respiration and CSA of PAD patients showed stage‐dependent modifications with greater changes in the mild PAD stage group (IC).
Remote sensing‐based mapping of structural building damage in the Ahr valley
Authors: Samprogna Mohor Guilherme , Sieg Tobias , Koch Oliver , Buhrmann Aaron , Maiwald Holger , Schwarz Jochen , Thieken Annegret H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlood damage data are needed for various applications. Structural damage of buildings can reflect not only the economic damage but also the life‐threatening condition of a building, which provide crucial information for disaster response and recovery. Since traditional on‐site data collection shortly after a disaster is challenging, remote sensing data can be of great help, cover a wider area and be deployed earlier in time than on‐site surveys. However, this has its challenges and limitations. We elucidate on that by presenting two case studies from flash floods in Germany. First, we assessed the reliability of an existing flood damage schema, which differentiates from minor (structural) damage to complete building collapse. We compared two on‐site raters of the 2016 Braunsbach flood, reaching an excellent level of reliability. Second, we mapped structural building damage after the flood in the Ahr valley in 2021 using a textured 3D mesh and orthophotos. Here, we evaluated the remote sense‐based damage mapping done by three raters. Although the heterogeneity of ratings using remote sensing data is larger than among on‐site ratings, we consider it fit‐for‐purpose when compared with on‐site mapping, especially for event documentation and as basis for financial damage estimation and less complex numerical modelling.
Examining suicide risk in sexual and gender minority youth: A descriptive observational study on depressive symptoms, social support and self‐esteem
Authors: Gómez‐Chica Pablo , Rueda‐Ruzafa Lola , Aparicio‐Mota Adrián , Rodriguez‐Arrastia Miguel , Ropero‐Padilla Carmen , Rodriguez‐Valbuena Cristian , Román Pablo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo understand the factors that contribute to the risk of suicide among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual (sexual minorities) youth.BackgroundThe increase in the likelihood of suicide has made it an urgent issue in public health, particularly among young people, where it now ranks as the fourth leading cause of death. This issue becomes even more significant when focusing on sexual minorities.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in targeted young individuals (15–29 years). Several variables were assessed, including suicide risk, self‐esteem, presence and severity of depressive symptoms, perceived social support and self‐reported levels of anxiety and depression.ResultsStatistically significant disparities were observed in suicide risk, presence of depressive symptoms and self‐reported levels of anxiety and depression, all of which were more pronounced in sexual minority youth compared to heterosexual cisgender individuals. Likewise, statistically significant differences were noted concerning self‐esteem and family support, both of which were lower in sexual minority youth.ConclusionThis study has identified risk factors, such as anxiety, depression and limited social support, as well as protective factors, like higher self‐esteem and self‐concept. Understanding and addressing all these factors are essential in reducing the elevated rates of suicide among sexual minority youth. Consequently, evidence‐based interventions such as Gender and Sexuality Alliances, which empower and create safe spaces for sexual minority youth, possess substantial potential for effectively addressing this issue.Implications for the ProfessionGiven sexual minorities vulnerability, healthcare pros, especially nurses, must grasp suicide risk factors. They can help by educating, offering care, assessing risk and fighting stigma. This guarantees safety and access to mental health services for at‐risk individuals from sexual minorities.Reporting MethodThe reporting follows the STROBE checklist.Patient ContributionPeople who were invited to participate voluntarily completed a range of questionnaires.
Navigating growing pains: Tensions in integrating critical race theory in psychology and strategies for addressing them
Authors: Nicolai Korinthia D. , Morton Terrell R. , La Torre Corina De , DeCuir‐Gunby Jessica T. , Koenka Alison C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently there has been an uptake in the call for research that explores race and racism within the context of psychology. Researchers can use Critical Race Theory (CRT) to do so. However, scholars within the field of psychology may confront growing pains when integrating psychology research with CRT due to their respective inquiry worldviews—postpositivism and critical—which result in several tensions pertaining to the framing of research and methods. These tensions may limit the uptake of CRT in psychology and may cause people to struggle to understand CRT. Therefore in this article, we describe (a) CRT and related frameworks, (b) tensions when integrating CRT into psychology, and (c) strategies to attenuate the tensions. Additionally, we highlight the importance of identity and the political choice of using CRT. It is critical for psychology researchers to challenge dominant postpositivist research inquiry worldviews and deconstruct what is considered “legitimate knowledge.” By doing so, we can (a) validate experiences and vast forms of knowledge that shape the reality of People of Color and our families, communities, and cultures and (b) challenge systems of oppression.
Theorizing the governance of direct and indirect transactions in multi‐tier supply chains
Authors: Chae Sangho , Choi Thomas Y. , Hoetker Glenn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn outsourcing decision does not equate to the outsourcing of a sourcing decision. Many indirect transactions with lower tier suppliers are embedded in transactions with first‐tier suppliers. Building on the identification of a transaction as the fundamental unit of analysis, this study proposes that transactions comprise bundles of intertwined direct transactions at the firm level and indirect transactions at the supply chain level. These indirect transactions require separate but not independent sourcing decisions. Using a buyer's decision to control or delegate the governance of indirect transactions for an externally sourced product, this study demonstrates that disaggregating the transaction advances theory by extending the range of outcomes, refining the calculus of the make‐or‐buy decision, and providing a coherent theoretical framework for multi‐tier supply chain management. This study considers the theoretical, managerial, and societal implications across various contingencies involving inter‐firm relationships.
Genotype–environment associations reveal genes potentially linked to avian malaria infection in populations of an endemic island bird
Authors: Sheppard Eleanor C. , Martin Claudia A. , Armstrong Claire , González‐Quevedo Catalina , Illera Juan Carlos , Suh Alexander , Spurgin Lewis G. , Richardson David S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatterns of pathogen prevalence are, at least partially, the result of coevolutionary host–pathogen interactions. Thus, exploring the distribution of host genetic variation in relation to infection by a pathogen within and across populations can provide important insights into mechanisms of host defence and adaptation. Here, we use a landscape genomics approach (Bayenv) in conjunction with genome‐wide data (ddRADseq) to test for associations between avian malaria (Plasmodium) prevalence and host genetic variation across 13 populations of the island endemic Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii). Considerable and consistent spatial heterogeneity in malaria prevalence was observed among populations over a period of 15 years. The prevalence of malaria infection was also strongly positively correlated with pox (Avipoxvirus) prevalence. Multiple host loci showed significant associations with malaria prevalence after controlling for genome‐wide neutral genetic structure. These sites were located near to or within genes linked to metabolism, stress response, transcriptional regulation, complement activity and the inflammatory response, many previously implicated in vertebrate responses to malarial infection. Our findings identify diverse genes – not just limited to the immune system – that may be involved in host protection against malaria and suggest that spatially variable pathogen pressure may be an important evolutionary driver of genetic divergence among wild animal populations, such as Berthelot's pipit. Furthermore, our data indicate that spatio‐temporal variation in multiple different pathogens (e.g. malaria and pox in this case) may have to be studied together to develop a more holistic understanding of host pathogen‐mediated evolution.
Comparison of the Medium‐term Outcomes of Anterior Lumbar Discectomy and Fusion with Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song Chao , Deng Zhibo , Dai Hanhao , Zheng Wu , Yu Guoyu , Wu Yijing , Luo Jun , Xu Jie 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveLumbar degenerative diseases (LDDs) with huge herniation in the left lateral recess or central canal present challenges for oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) or endoscope‐assisted OLIF procedures. Currently, minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS‐TLIF) is the primary approach for this issue. This study aims to provide a standardized technical description of the anterior lumbar discectomy and fusion (ALDF) and evaluate the medium‐term clinical effectiveness of both ALDF and MIS‐TLIF techniques.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on LDDs who underwent ALDF and MIS‐TLIF surgery from January 2018 to January 2020. The evaluation encompassed various clinical outcomes, such as the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for back pain and leg pain (VAS‐back, VAS‐leg), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), the 36‐item short‐form health survey mental component summary (SF‐36 MCS), and the physical component summary (SF‐36 PCS). Additionally, radiological parameters, including disc height (DH), segmental disk angle (SDA), lumbar lordosis (LL), and cross‐sectional area (CSA), were assessed. Data including radiculopathy, estimated blood loss, operation time, time of getting out of bed, fusion rate, and complications were recorded. Student's independent samples t test and Pearson's chi‐square test were used to compare the differences between groups.ResultsIn total, 47 patients were treated by ALDF and 48 patients were treated by MIS‐TLIF. The ALDF group exhibited statistically significant lower estimated blood loss and earlier time of getting out of bed compared to the MIS‐TLIF group (p < 0.05). The ALDF group demonstrated lower VAS‐back scores and a higher remission rate of low back pain 3 years after the surgery (p < 0.05). During the entire follow‐up period, the ALDF group exhibited higher increases in DH and SDA compared to the MIS‐TLIF group (p < 0.05). At 6 months, the fusion rate in the ALDF group was significantly higher than in the MIS‐TLIF group (p < 0.05). The comparison revealed no statistically significant differences in complication rates between the two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe ALDF could be considered as a viable surgical alternative for the treatment of LDDs that necessitate ventral neural direct decompression. ALDF exhibited favorable medium‐term outcomes in patients with LDDs, displaying advantages in facilitating expedited recovery, enhancing radiographic outcomes, and elevating the remission rate of low back pain. Although ALDF presents slightly higher complication rates compared to MIS‐TLIF, it does not adversely affect clinical outcomes.
Inside‐out: Synergising leaf biochemical traits with stomatal‐regulated water fluxes to enhance transpiration modelling during abiotic stress
Authors: Caine Robert S. , Khan Muhammad S. , Brench Robert A. , Walker Heather J. , Croft Holly L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs the global climate continues to change, plants will increasingly experience abiotic stress(es). Stomata on leaf surfaces are the gatekeepers to plant interiors, regulating gaseous exchanges that are crucial for both photosynthesis and outward water release. To optimise future crop productivity, accurate modelling of how stomata govern plant–environment interactions will be crucial. Here, we synergise optical and thermal imaging data to improve modelled transpiration estimates during water and/or nutrient stress (where leaf N is reduced). By utilising hyperspectral data and partial least squares regression analysis of six plant traits and fluxes in wheat (Triticum aestivum), we develop a new spectral vegetation index; the Combined Nitrogen and Drought Index (CNDI), which can be used to detect both water stress and/or nitrogen deficiency. Upon full stomatal closure during drought, CNDI shows a strong relationship with leaf water content (r2 = 0.70), with confounding changes in leaf biochemistry. By incorporating CNDI transformed with a sigmoid function into thermal‐based transpiration modelling, we have increased the accuracy of modelling water fluxes during abiotic stress. These findings demonstrate the potential of using combined optical and thermal remote sensing‐based modelling approaches to dynamically model water fluxes to improve both agricultural water usage and yields.
Public trust in regulatory agencies and support for policies on agricultural gene drive
Authors: Buchman Leah W. , Goldsmith Carol L. , Heitman Elizabeth , Kang Ki Eun , Liu Xinsheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPublic trust in government agencies plays an important role in the formation of public opinion about public policy issues. However, the association between public trust in regulatory agencies and public support for policy development in emergent biotechnologies such as gene drive is not well understood. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are tasked with coordinating and regulating biotechnology. Drawing on past literature, this study examines how public trust in these federal agencies is associated with public opinion on various options for gene drive policy. Using data from a nationally representative public opinion survey (n = 1220) conducted in 2021, our statistical analyses show that respondents who report higher levels of trust in regulatory agencies are more likely to support policy proposals that promote gene drive research and ultimately, may lead to regulatory policies that allow gene drive to be researched and employed to manage agricultural pests, establishing a pathway for scientists, developers, producers, and consumers alike to realize the benefits of this technology.
Prevention of drought damage through zeolite treatments onVitis vinifera: A promising sustainable solution for soil management
Authors: Cataldo Eleonora , Puccioni Sergio , Eichmeier Aleš , Storchi Paolo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractViticultural activity is intrinsically interlocked with climatic fluctuations and awful subjected to soil management. Increasing temperatures and reduced precipitation originate several alterations in the metabolic plant pathway and a depletion in grapes quality. The main aspiration of soil management is to keep and retain a microenvironment that considers all vine requirements to upgrade the balance between vegetative growth and cluster quality intensifying its resilience towards abiotic stress. Aiming to establish match and dissimilar drought stress responses among Sangiovese grapevines, we scouted ecophysiological and biochemical alterations after zeolite and irrigation soil application (combined and/or alone), using as control plants naturally exposed to abiotic stress in a Chianti Classico vineyard. When grapevines were exposed to water stress alone, the main reactions encompassed dwindled leaf midday water potential (Ψleaf) and increased proline content. These were accompanied by augments in zeaxanthin and lutein leaf contents, symptomatic of oxidative stress. Positive metabolic alterations in grapes triggered by zeolite and/or water showed some influence on the ripening of the berry differently depending on the year. They created a situation of resilience in berry avoiding arrest in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway during the warmest season and produced a more balanced maturation, closer to the objectives of the modern producer of classic Chianti (i.e. fresher and less alcoholic wines) during the fresher one. Under severe drought, it was activated the shikimic acid pathway and in stressed vines treatment, (WS) a reduction in malic acid content was found. Sugar and phenolic compounds were enhanced by zeolitic and undrought treatments. A negative effect enkindled by the drought and high temperatures combined with stress was the accumulation of quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside (Qrut), quercetin‐3‐O‐galactoside (Qgala), quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Qgluc) and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoronide (Qgluco) in WS treatment. These results summarize that clinoptilolite applied to the soil, both combined with water as well in purity, noteworthy protectorship from more detrimental repercussions of drought‐stressed grapevines, suggesting that new sustainable approaches in soil management are useful for the wellness of vines.