bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short- and long-term effectiveness of interventions for improving adherence to glaucoma medications
Authors: Abaidoo Benjamin , Govender-Poonsamy Pirindhavellie , Mashige Khathutshelo P. 
Published: February 2025

Background: The need for effective interventions for addressing non-adherence to glaucoma medications is fundamental in improving visual outcomes among persons with glaucoma.Aim: The study aims to assess the effectiveness of short- and long-term behavioural, educational and mixed interventions for improving adherence to glaucoma medications.Setting: Four eye hospitals in Accra were used for this study.Methods: This was a prospective multi-centre randomised controlled trial involving 236 non-adherent patients with glaucoma. Participants were assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received behavioural, educational and mixed interventions. Data were analysed with the IBM SPSS software version 25. Mean differences in adherence between the groups were determined at baseline, at 3 months and 6 months intervals, using the Independent-Sample-t-test and repeated measures for analysis of variance. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: The mean age was 61.0 ± 7.9 years. Participants were similar in terms of age, intraocular pressure and cup-to-disc ratio, across the study centres (P 0.05). At 3- and 6-months following intervention, the intervention group experienced an increase in adherence from 55.1% to 59.3% respectively. There was a significant difference in mean score for adherence between the intervention and control groups after 3 and 6 months with an effect size ≥ 0.80 (P 0.05).Conclusion: The interventions resulted in a significant improvement in adherence.Contribution: Our findings support the use of multi-faceted interventions in reducing non-adherence to glaucoma medications.
Clinical evaluation of a novel technique of flange formation using green laser in 4-flange scleral fixated intra-ocular lens implantation
Authors: Agrawal Teena , Agrawal Mahesh , Tiwari Sakshi , Shukla Durgesh 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) is the mainstay of restoration of vision where natural lens or its support is absent for placing an IOL in the bag. The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate the novel four-flange SFIOL technique using 532 nm laser for flange making in a tertiary eye care center in central India.

Methods:
We reviewed total 33 patients who have undergone four-flanged SFIOL between January 2023 to October 2023. The clinical parameters like best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), spherical equivalent (SE), and postoperative complication like cystoid macular edema (CME) were evaluated. All the surgeries were performed by a senior vitreo-retinal (VR) surgeon in a tertiary eye care center.

Results:
The mean preoperative BCVA was improved from 0.7 log MAR unit to 0.21 log MAR unit postoperatively. The mean preoperative IOP and SE improved from 19.48 mmHg to 17.12 mm Hg and 8.98D to 0.63D on postoperative follow-up, respectively. Early complications, within 1 month of surgery, noted in 15 patients (45%) and includes corneal edema – six cases (18.18%), CME – three cases (9.09%), intraocular lens tilting – two cases (6.06%), flange exposure – two cases (6.06%), and one case (3.03%) each of vitreous hemorrhage and glaucoma.

Conclusion:
Four-flange SFIOL using green laser for flange formation is a safe and effective modification of sutured SFIOL with good outcome in long term.
Decentration following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in eyes with high myopia and its influence factors
Authors: Lin Hui-Ni , Zeng Hongqiang , Ji Ruifeng , Li Jinyu , Zhang Riping , Sun Lixia 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
The purpose is to measure the decentration after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in eyes with high myopia and analyze its influence factors.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 86 right eyes of 86 high myopia patients who underwent SMILE surgery in our hospital from August 2017 to December 2019. Patients were examined before the surgery and 3 months postoperatively. Objective and subjective refraction tests, intraocular pressure, aberrations, fundus examination, and corneal topography were recorded during all the follow-up visits. Indices of corneal anterior surface morphology, including the index of surface variance (ISV), index of vertical asymmetry (IVA), keratoconus index (KI), central keratoconus index (CKI), index of height asymmetry (IHA), and index of height decentration (IHD), as well as corneal tangential curvature and kappa angle, were all collected from Pentacam (Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). Image J software was used to measure the decentration and the area of effective optic zone (EOZ). Spearman’s correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to assess relationships between variables.

Results:
Overall, data from 86 eyes were gathered and analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 25.43 years (SD, 6.08; range, 18 to 45 years), and 50 eyes (58.14%) were female. The baseline refractive characteristics of the patients were summarized in Table 1. At the 3-month after SMILE, the mean UCVA (LogMAR) was −0.02 ± 0.06, and the CDVA (LogMAR) was −0.04 ± 0.05. The safety index was 1.04 ± 0.14, and the efficacy index was 0.99 ± 0.15. At the 3 months after SMILE, the horizontal decentration (HD) showed significant correlations with those preoperative indexes, including spherical aberration (SA) (r = −0.28, P < 0.05), CKI (r = 0.26, P < 0.05), and Xk (X-axis of the kappa angle) (r = 0.27, P < 0.05). The vertical decentration (VD) was significantly influenced by preoperative higher-order aberrations (HOAs) (r = 0.24, P < 0.05) and Trefoil (r = 0.39, P < 0.05) and was also positively correlated with preoperative IVA (r = 0.29, P < 0.05), IHD (r = 0.33, P < 0.05), and Yk (Y-axis of the kappa angle) (r = 0.29, P < 0.05). And the total decentration (TD) was correlated with preoperative Trefoil (r = 0.30, P < 0.05), IHD (r = 0.22, P < 0.05), and Yk (r = 0.30, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression revealed a relationship between TD and Yk (adjust R
2 = 0.18, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients with high myopia after SMILE had achieved effective results. A larger kappa angle especially the Yk would tend to larger decentration. High IHD and the Trefoil preoperatively also influenced the decentration after surgery.
Lemborexant overdose: A case report
Authors: Katto Daichi , Ito Hiroshi , Kobayashi Daiki 
Published: February 2025

Rationale:
Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist. While effective for regulating sleep, overdoses are a concern, especially in suicide attempts. However, limited data exist on lemborexant overdose, prompting this case report to elucidate its clinical course.

Patient’s Concern:
A 91-year-old Japanese woman with multiple comorbidities, including insomnia and chronic kidney disease, was admitted after ingesting 315 mg of lemborexant in a suicide attempt.

Diagnosis:
Lemborexant overdose.

Interventions:
Supportive care with 500 mL of Ringer’s acetate solution at the emergency room.

Outcomes:
She gradually regained full consciousness with no residual deficits. Due to persistent suicidal ideation, she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital after seven days of supportive care.

Lessons:
A review of four lemborexant overdose cases managed at our hospital revealed that overdoses primarily induce altered consciousness and are unlikely to cause organ dysfunction. Supportive care is generally sufficient for management. However, given the limited data, further case accumulation is needed to enhance clinical understanding.
Evaluation of Effect of Interproximal Reduction in Enamel in Orthodontic Therapy: An Original Research
Authors: Dakshinakabat Prachurya , Pragnya B , Mishra Amrita , Jain Pinal , Singh Amoli , Agrawal Anagha 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Interproximal reduction (IPR) is an orthodontic technique used to address space constraints by removing small amounts of enamel between teeth. This research aims to evaluate the impact of IPR on enamel surface integrity, tooth sensitivity, and the long-term stability of orthodontic results.

Methods:
The study was conducted on a sample of 50 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Three parameters were evaluated: changes in enamel thickness pre- and post-IPR, post-treatment sensitivity using a visual analog scale, and relapse tendencies measured over a 12-month follow-up. Data were statistically analyzed using paired t-tests.

Results:
Enamel thickness was reduced by an average of 0.25 mm post-IPR (P < 0.05). Mild post-treatment sensitivity was reported by 30% of the patients. Relapse was minimal, with no statistically significant correlation with the extent of IPR performed.

Conclusion:
IPR is a safe and effective method in orthodontic treatment with minimal enamel reduction, mild short-term sensitivity, and no significant long-term relapse. These findings support the continued use of IPR as a conservative approach to space management.
Longitudinal Study on the Impact of Orthodontic Treatment Timing on Skeletal and Dental Development in Adolescents
Authors: Adarsh Kumar , Goyal Jashan D. , Kaur Guramrit P. , Neeharika Thammineni , Samal Sweta , Datla Praveen K. V. , Ravuri Preetham 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The timing of orthodontic treatment can significantly impact skeletal and dental development, particularly during the adolescent growth spurt. This study investigates the influence of early, mid, and late-treatment initiation on mandibular growth, dental alignment, and occlusal correction in adolescents.

Methods:
A total of 60 adolescents were divided into three groups based on their skeletal maturity: early, mid, and late. Key parameters including mandibular growth, dental alignment, and occlusal changes were measured at baseline, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. A two-year follow-up was conducted, and a cephalometric analysis was performed.

Results:
The early-treatment group showed the most significant skeletal changes, particularly in mandibular growth. The mid and late groups demonstrated better dental alignment outcomes. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in mandibular growth between groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Treatment timing plays a critical role in determining skeletal and dental outcomes. Early treatment enhances skeletal changes, while later treatment is more effective for dental alignment.
Epidemiological Study on the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Oral Premalignant Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khaire Neha , Movva Janvi B. , Desai Vishwa , Gunnam Divya S. , Karni Prashant A. , Patel Ayushi , Syed Afroz Kalmee 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) are precursors to oral cancer and are commonly associated with lifestyle risk factors, particularly tobacco and alcohol use. Identifying the prevalence and associated risk factors of OPLs in a tertiary care setting is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital. The prevalence of OPLs was assessed, and risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and betel quid chewing were evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine significant associations between risk factors and the presence of OPLs.

Results:
The prevalence of OPLs was found to be 7.2%, with the highest incidence among individuals with tobacco and quid-chewing habits. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between tobacco use and the development of OPLs (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The study highlights the high prevalence of OPLs and their strong association with tobacco and quid-chewing habits. These findings emphasize the need for public health interventions targeting high-risk populations to prevent the progression of OPLs to oral cancer.
A Systemic Review of Pharmacological Management of Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Gupta Surendra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
There is a growing need for safe and effective treatment due to the rise in child obesity rates worldwide. The effectiveness and safety of pediatric obesity drugs were reviewed in this systematic review based on international research.

Techniques:
PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase searches were performed to locate pediatric randomized controlled trials of antiobesity medications. Demographics, medication effectiveness, adverse events, and quality of life were all analyzed.

Findings:
There were 12 studies totaling 4,331 children in the review. The age range of the participants was 8.8 to 16.3 years, and their baseline BMI was between 26.2 and 41.7 kg/m2. Medication combinations such as phentermine/topiramate, metformin, extended-release metformin, topiramate, exenatide, and liraglutide were frequently studied. The amount that each medication decreased BMI varied somewhat, with liraglutide exhibiting the most decrease (-5.88 kg/m2). Comparator groups and pediatric antiobesity medication users experienced comparable adverse events and study discontinuation rates. Medication dose adjustments were more common in pediatric cases (10.6% vs. 1.7%; RR = 3.74 [95% CI: 1.51 to 9.26]). Quality of life increased in all trials, however, not specifically for pediatric cases.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, metformin, topiramate, exenatide, liraglutide, and the combination of topiramate and phentermine may lower BMI in children; however, more studies are required to ascertain their long-term safety and effectiveness. Children and adolescents with pediatric obesity may benefit from a tailored, multidisciplinary strategy that incorporates lifestyle modifications, pharmaceutical therapies, and psychological support to assist manage the condition and enhance the health and well-being of those affected.
UNDERSTANDING NORTHERN GHANA’S CONTEMPORARY CHIEFTAINCY CONFLICTS: ORIGINS, ACTORS AND DYNAMICS
Authors: Ibrahim M. G. , Ateng M. A. , Akanyani F. A. 
Published: February 2025

Despite the countless efforts to address chieftaincy conflicts in Northern Ghana, these conflicts remain protracted, relapsed, and internecine. This paper, examined these kinds of conflicts by illustrating a comprehensive understanding of the contemporary conflicts in Northern Ghana. The research strategy for this study is qualitative research, while the study design is the multiple case study. Interviews and focus groups were used to gather data from 39 respondents who were chosen purposively. The findings from the thematic and cross-site analysis indicated that conflicts were predominantly characterized by a structural condition where both sides not only used history to support their perspectives, but also manipulated history in specific ways. The various iterations of historical accounts often offer a consistent justification for the refusal to accept practical compromises. Furthermore, although the skins were associated with chieftaincy, the underlying motivations and interests were primarily connected to obtaining and managing the land resource. The presence of contextual concerns leads to a syndrome of conflict that has a substantial impact on the conflict management strategies used to address various conflict situations. These qualities are crucial for establishing a tranquil environment as they provide a foundation for managing activities effectively. Keywords: Conflicts, Protracted, Relapsed, Contemporary, Mechanisms, Ghana
SUBPOPULATION COMPOSITION OF T-HELPER CELLS IN THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN COLON CANCER
Authors: Kryukova V. V. , Tsepelev V. L. , Tereshkov P. P. , Sebaochzhay A. V. 
Published: February 2025

Objective – to study the subpopulation composition of T-helpers in the tumor microenvironment of patients with colon cancer.Materials and methods. The relative content of T-helpers in the tumor microenvironment, the subpopulation composition of T-helpers, and the expression of co-inhibitory proteins (CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3) by CD4-positive cells were determined by flow cytofluorimetry in 105 patients with stage III colorectal cancer. The control group consisted of 75 patients who underwent colon surgery for non-neoplastic diseases.Results. In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), the relative content of T-helpers in the tumor microenvironment increases by 1,4, the proportion of naive cells (CD3+CD4+CD45RA+CCR7+) decreases by 1,8 times, the relative content of central memory T-helpers (CD3+CD4+CD45RA-CCR7+) increases, the number of CD4-positive effector memory cells (CD3+CD4+CD45RA-ССR7-) and terminally differentiated T-helpers (CD3+CD4+CD45RA+ССR7-) decreases. In patients with CRC, on the surface of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, the expression of CD57 increases by 4,1 times, the co-inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 by 5,5 times, and the PD-1 protein by 1,8 times.Conclusion. In patients with colorectal cancer, the subpopulation composition of T-helpers in the tumor microenvironment changes, which is expressed in a decrease in the proportion of naive cells and the most differentiated effector cells with a simultaneous increase in the percentage of central memory cells.
Penerapan Model Discovery Learning dengan Pendekatan Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) Menggunakan Media Kartu Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas V SD Inpres Mariso 3 Kota Makassar
Authors: Anjar Dwi Kusuma Wardani  , Ayu Anggraeni  , Halim St. Nur Humairah 
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang bertujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di kelas V SD Inpres Mariso 3 Kota Makassar melalui penerapan Model Discovery Learning dengan pendekatan Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) menggunakan media kartu. PTK ini terdiri dari dua siklus pembelajaran, masing-masing melalui tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah 25 peserta didik kelas V yang terdiri dari 11 peserta didik laki-laki dan 14 peserta didik perempuan. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif dengan membandingkan hasil siklus I dan II. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar bahasa Indonesia peserta didik sebesar 77,5% pada siklus II, sementara hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat sebesar 100% pada siklus yang sama. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan pendekatan CRT dan media kartu berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di kelas V SD Inpres Mariso 3 Kota Makassar pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2024/2025.
When Silence Is Heard: Embodied Listening in Medical Facilities’ Competing Sonic Epistemes
Authors: Lipscombe Ailsa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, I analyze how medical facilities’ sonic ecologies are marked by contradictory frames of interpretation. Tuning into the socio-sonic resonances of the COVID-19 pandemic, I argue that its medical(ized) acoustemologies are shaped by diverse and relational embodiments that resist universalizing narratives of “normate” experiences. I reveal how communities of chronically ill patients and healthcare professionals respond to medical(ized) silence by engaging with their unique histories of listening and their embodied responses to trauma. In turn, I argue that these pandemic listening praxes are produced by—and become reflections of—“the medicalization of the everyday.”
Riff Culture: Spontaneous Solo Performances in Private Rock Music Schools
Authors: Rush Kayla 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article presents an ethnographic case study of Rock Jam, a private, extracurricular, fee-based popular music education organization in Dublin, Ireland. It examines the common free-time activity of spontaneous solo riff-playing, arguing that this activity is central to what happens socially, culturally, and musically at Rock Jam. After providing a new definition of riffs, it interrogates how riffs are used in this context, examining their simultaneous functions as both memes and signs. It then discusses the interactions between riff-playing and musician bodies. It concludes by examining the multiple and viral ways in which riffs circulate throughout Rock Jam and beyond.
HUBUNGAN FAST FOOD DAN LINGKAR PERUT PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 5 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Fitriani Rosmauli Jerimia 
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang : Pola makan remaja yang tidak sehat seperti sering mengonsumsi fast food dapat menyebabkan obesitas. Obesitas pada remaja menimbulkan berbagai dampak kesehatan dan mental. Obesitas dapat diukur melalui lingkar perut.
Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi fastfood terhadap lingkar perut remaja SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta.
Metode : Desain penelitian ini menggunakan cross-sectional study yang dilaksanakan di SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 210 remaja, setelah dihitung menggunakan rumus slovin diperoleh hasil sampel yaitu 68.
Hasil : Mayoritas responden (94,1%) konsumsi fast food dalam kategori jarang dan 88,2% responden memiliki lingkar perut yang normal.
Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi fast food dengan lingkar perut remaja SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta dengan nilai p-value 0,065. Diharapkan dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan sampel yang lebih besar dan kuesioner yang lebih detail.
Talent Bridge
Authors:   Associate Professor  Faculty of Management Studies, CMS Business School  JAIN UNIVERSITY  No.17, Seshadri Rd, Gandhi Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560009, U Siva Sankar Ramnath 
Published: February 2025

"TalentBridge" is an innovative digital platform designed to streamline the connection between students seeking part-time employment and businesses in need of emerging talent. Recognizing the increasing demand for flexible, career-relevant job opportunities, TalentBridge provides a structured and user-friendly ecosystem that benefits both students and employers.

For students, TalentBridge serves as a gateway to financial independence, skill development, and career advancement by offering part-time jobs that align with their academic schedules and career aspirations. The platform ensures accessibility by providing job opportunities near campuses and residences, thereby minimizing logistical challenges. Moreover, TalentBridge fosters professional growth through networking, mentorship, and skill-enhancing opportunities.

For businesses, TalentBridge acts as a bridge to a dynamic and diverse talent pool, allowing them to recruit motivated and skilled students for part-time roles. The platform provides advanced hiring tools, real-time support, and a seamless recruitment process to optimize talent acquisition.

By leveraging strategic partnerships with educational institutions and businesses, maintaining a strong technological infrastructure, and continuously improving user experience, TalentBridge is poised to revolutionize the part-time job market. Future expansions include mentorship programs, skill development courses, and networking events to create a comprehensive student-to-career pathway. Through innovation, strategic operations, and a commitment to excellence, TalentBridge aims to redefine student employment and talent acquisition.