bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Fluorogenic Probe Reveals Lipid Droplet Dynamics in ME/CFS Fibroblasts
Authors: Ding Siyang , Sanislav Oana , Missailidis Daniel , Allan Claire Yvonne , Owyong Tze Cin , Wu Ming‐Yu , Chen Sijie , Fisher Paul Robert , Annesley Sarah Jane , Hong Yuning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic cellular organelles that play an essential role in lipid metabolism and storage. LD dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases. However, investigations into the cellular LD dynamics under disease conditions have been rarely reported, possibly due to the absence of high performing LD imaging agents. Here a novel fluorogenic probe, AM‐QTPA, is reported for specific LD imaging. AM‐QTPA demonstrates viscosity sensitivity and aggregation‐induced emission enhancement characteristics. It is live cell permeable and can specifically light up LDs in cells, with low background noise and superior signals that can be quantified. After validation in cell model with LD accumulation induced by oleic acid treatment, AM‐QTPA is applied in a small proof‐of‐concept number of human fibroblast samples derived from people diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), a complex and debilitating disease with unknown cause. The results indicate the presence of larger but fewer LDs in ME/CFS fibroblasts compared to the healthy counterparts, accompanying with frequent LD‐mitochondria contacts, suggesting potential upregulation of lipolysis in ME/CFS connective tissue like fibroblasts. Overall, AM‐QTPA provides new understanding of the anomalous LD dynamics in disease status, which, potentially, will facilitate in‐depth investigation of the pathogenesis of ME/CFS.
Fast Charge‐Transfer Rates in Li‐CO2 Batteries with a Coupled Cation‐Electron Transfer Process
Authors: Jaradat Ahmad , Ncube Musawenkosi K. , Papailias Ilias , Rai Nikhil , Kumar Khagesh , Koverga Volodymyr , Nemade Roshan Y. , Zhang Chengji , Shan Nannan , Shahbazi Hessam , Namaeighasemi Arash , Seraji Pardis , Namvar Shahriar , Berry Vikas , Cabana Jordi , Subramanian Arunkumar , Ngo Anh T. , Curtiss Larry A. , Salehi‐Khojin Amin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLi‐CO2 batteries with a high theoretical energy density (1876 Wh kg−1) have unique benefits for reversible carbon fixation for energy storage systems. However, due to lack of stable and highly active catalysts, the long‐term operation of Li‐CO2 batteries is limited to low current densities (mainly <0.2 mA cm−2) that are far from practical conditions. In this work, it is discovered that, with an ionic liquid‐based electrolyte, highly active and stable transition metal trichalcogenide alloy catalysts of Sb0.67Bi1.33X3 (X = S, Te) enable operation of the Li‐CO2 battery at a very high current rate of 1 mA cm−2 for up to 220 cycles. It is revealed that: i) the type of chalcogenide (Te vs S) significantly affects the electronic and catalytic properties of the catalysts, ii) a coupled cation‐electron charge transfer process facilitates the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) occurring during discharge, and iii) the concentration of ionic liquid in the electrolyte controls the number of participating CO2 molecules in reactions. A combination of these key factors is found to be crucial for a successful operation of the Li‐CO2 chemistry at high current rates. This work introduces a new class of catalysts with potential to fundamentally solve challenges of this type of batteries.
High‐Voltage Recyclable Organic Cathode Enabled by Heteroatomic Substitution for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Dawei , Zhou Jiyao , Yin Zilong , Feng Guanzheng , Ji Weixiao , Huang He , Pang Siping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractN‐type organic compounds present themselves as promising high‐capacity cathodes for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. However, a common challenge is their working voltages often falling below 1 V versus Zn2+/Zn. To bridge this gap, a high‐voltage organic material is first developed, 5,6,11,12‐tetraazanaphthacene (TANC), using a heteroatomic substitution strategy. TANC feature a large π‐conjugated plane enriched with π−π interactions, which not only enhancing structural stability but also boosting charge transfer kinetics. The TANC cathode is achieved from its dihydro precursor, denoted as 2H‐TANC, via a facile in situ activation process within the battery itself. This electrochemical synthesis method is cost‐effective and environmentally friendly compared to traditional chemical method. The cathode shows a record‐high discharge voltage of 1.15 V (vs Zn2+/Zn) among n‐type organic materials and maintains cycling stability over 47,500 cycles. Furthermore, spent TANC electrodes can be efficiently recycled via a simple extraction process. The work marks a significant step toward the development of high‐voltage, affordable, and recyclable organic electrode materials, steering them to the forefront of future sustainable battery technologies.
Coordination‐mediated atomic metal catalysts for cascaded transformation of β‐O‐4 dimeric model compound into quinoline
Authors: Zhao Xin , Fang Ruiqi , Wang Fengliang , Li Yingwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHere, we report the fabrication of atomic‐metal catalysts for the facile cascaded transformation of lignin β‐O‐4 dimeric model compound into quinoline. A series of dual‐metal single‐atom (SA) moieties (MaC4 and Mb2N6, where Ma and Mb represent two different metal SAs, C and N represent carbon and nitrogen atoms, respectively) are integrated on N‐doped carbons with designed compositions and coordination configurations. Characterizations indicate the homogeneous distribution of uniform and modifiable SA sites, over which the electron distribution is significantly polarized due to synergistic interactions. The distinctive physicochemical properties of catalysts afford attractive performances in the cascaded synthesis of quinoline from lignin β‐O‐4 dimeric model compound through cascaded transformation. In a continuous flow instrument, CuC4/Co2N6@NC furnishes 93.7% yield of 2‐phenylquinoline with a space‐time yield of 75.7 g gcat h−1. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal the synergistic interactions between CuC4 and Co2N6 endow the catalyst with high efficiency in cascaded transformation.
Measuring mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) testes via parallel laser photogrammetry: Expanding the use of noninvasive methods
Authors: Ehrie Austen J. , Iruri‐Tucker Alec A. , Lord Yasmin B. , Williamson Heidi G. , Hunt Kevin D. , Polly P. David , Fitzpatrick Courtney L. , Wasserman Michael D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractParallel laser photogrammetry (PLP), which consists of attaching two or three parallel laser beams at a known inter‐beam distance to a camera, can be used to collect morphological measurements of organisms noninvasively. The lasers project onto the photo being taken, and because the inter‐beam distance is known, they act as a scale for image analysis programs like ImageJ. Traditionally, this method has been used to measure larger morphological traits (e.g., limb length, crown‐rump length) to serve as proxies for overall body size, whereas applications to smaller anatomical features remain limited. To that end, we used PLP to measure the testes of 18 free‐living mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. We tested whether this method could reliably measure this relatively small and globular morphology, and whether it could detect differences among individuals. We tested reliability in three ways: within‐photo (coefficient of variation [CV] = 4.7%), between‐photo (CV = 5.5%), and interobserver (intraclass correlation = 0.92). We found an average volume of 36.2 cm3 and a range of 16.4–54.4 cm3, indicating variation in testes size between individuals. Furthermore, these sizes are consistent with a previous study that collected measurements by hand, suggesting that PLP is a useful method for making noninvasive measurements of testes.
Tunneling Effect of Fermions in Silicene Through Potential Barrier
Authors: Zriouel Sanae , Jellal Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe influence of a a rectangular potential barrier on the quantum transport of fermions in silicene is explored. Specifically, analytical solutions are presented to derive transmission and reflection probabilities together with conductance. It is shown that the transmission is highly sensitive to both the barrier height and incident energy. As a result, the occurrence of Klein and resonant tunnelings is observed, with a significant dependence on the barrier width. Notably, it is found that perfect transmission extends beyond normal incidence, occurring at various oblique angles. Moreover, the transmission pattern exhibits a more fragmented structure with increasing barrier width, reminiscent of Fabry‐Pérot resonances. In contrast, the conductance displays a non‐monotonic dependence on incident energy and features rapid oscillations with a rising barrier height. However, at a constant barrier height, there is a minimal disparity among conductance profiles for high incident energy values. When incident energy equals the barrier height, the conductance experiences a local minimum. For a thin barrier, a substantial reduction in conductance is observed, unlike the oscillatory behavior seen with a thicker barrier. These findings underscore the progress in silicene research and offer a fresh perspective on the relativistic applications of tunneling in this material.
Fundamental Structural and Electronic Understanding of Palladium Catalysts on Nitride and Oxide Supports
Authors: Huang Junhao , Klahn Marcus , Tian Xinxin , Bartling Stephan , Zimina Anna , Radtke Martin , Rockstroh Nils , Naliwajko Pawel , Steinfeldt Norbert , Peppel Tim , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Logsdail Andrew J. , Jiao Haijun , Strunk Jennifer 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe nature of the support can fundamentally affect the function of a heterogeneous catalyst. For the novel type of isolated metal atom catalysts, sometimes referred to as single‐atom catalysts, systematic correlations are still rare. Here, we report a general finding that Pd on nitride supports (non‐metal and metal nitride) features a higher oxidation state compared to that on oxide supports (non‐metal and metal oxide). Through thorough oxidation state investigations by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), CO‐DRIFTS, and density functional theory (DFT) coupled with Bader charge analysis, it is found that Pd atoms prefer to interact with surface hydroxyl group to form a Pd(OH)x species on oxide supports, while on nitride supports, Pd atoms incorporate into the surface structure in the form of Pd−N bonds. Moreover, a correlation was built between the formal oxidation state and computational Bader charge, based on the periodic trend in electronegativity.
Halogen‐free boron‐based hybrid system for enhancing flame retardancy, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy
Authors: Kocaman Suheyla , Temiz Melisa , Işık Murat , Ahmetli Gulnare , Ceyhan Ayhan Abdullah , Karakaya Şeyma 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to increase the flame retardancy of epoxy‐based composites by using various flame retardants together with colemanite filler (CLM), which is a very mineral‐rich boron type. As a flame retardant, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and boron‐containing compounds: borax (BRX) and natural minerals (tincal (TNC) and colemanite (CLM)), as well as barium metaborate (BaMB) synthesized by us were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), contact angle (CA), and particle size analysis were used to characterize the composites and additives. All boron compounds increased the thermal stability of the composites. Except for the ER/CLM‐BaMB composite, other composites' surface contact angles were over 90°. In terms of both combustion and thermal properties, the best CLM‐BaMB‐Al(OH)3‐TNC ratio was determined as 15:5:15:15. The tensile strength, self‐extinguishing time, estimated and experimental Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) values for this composite were determined as 96 MPa, 65 s, 29.6%, and 25%, respectively. In addition, ANOVA was applied to determine the effect of hybrid filler type and different weight ratios on the mechanical properties of composites.
Dental caries in living and extinct strepsirrhines with insights into diet
Authors: Selig Keegan R. , López‐Torres Sergi , Burrows Anne M. , Silcox Mary T. , Meng Jin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDental caries is one of the most common diseases afflicting modern humans and occurs in both living and extinct non‐human primates, as well as other mammalian species. Compared to other primates, less is known about the etiology or frequency of caries among the Strepsirrhini. Given the link between caries and diet, caries frequency may be informative about the dietary ecology of a given animal. Understanding rates of caries in wild populations is also critical to assessing dental health in captive populations. Here, we examine caries frequency in a sample of 36 extant strepsirrhine species (n = 316 individuals) using odontological collections of wild‐, non‐captive animals housed at the American Museum of Natural History by counting the number of specimens characterized by the disease. Additionally, in the context of studying caries lesions in strepsirrhines, case studies were also conducted to test if similar lesions were found in their fossil relatives. In particular, two fossil strepsirrhine species were analyzed: the earliest Late Eocene Karanisia clarki, and the subfossil lemur Megaladapis madagascariensis. Our results suggest that caries affects 13.92% of the extant individuals we examined. The frugivorous and folivorous taxa were characterized by the highest overall frequency of caries, whereas the insectivores, gummivores, and omnivores had much lower caries frequencies. Our results suggest that caries may be common among wild populations of strepsirrhines, and in fact is more prevalent than in many catarrhines and platyrrhines. These findings have important implications for understanding caries, diet, and health in living and fossil taxa.
Vascular microforamina and endocranial surface: Normal variation and distribution in adult humans
Authors: Bruner Emiliano , Eisová Stanislava 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe term craniovascular traits refers to the imprints left by arteries and veins on the skull bones. These features can be used in biological anthropology and archaeology to investigate the morphology of the vascular network in extinct species and past populations. Generally, the term refers to macrovascular features of the endocranial cavity, like those associated with the middle meningeal artery, venous sinuses, emissary foramina, and diploic channels. However, small vascular passages (here called microforamina or microchannels) have been occasionally described on the endocranial surface. The larger ones (generally with a diameter between 0.5 and 2.0 mm) can be detected through medical scanners on osteological collections. In this study, we describe and quantify the number and distribution of these microforamina in adult humans (N = 45) and, preliminarily, in a small sample of children (N = 7). Adults display more microchannels than juvenile skulls. A higher frequency in females is also observed, although this result is not statistically significant and might be associated with allometric cranial variations. The distribution of the microforamina is particularly concentrated on the top of the vault, in particular along the sagittal, metopic, and coronal sutures, matching the course of major venous sinuses and parasagittal bridging veins. Nonetheless, the density is lower in the region posterior to bregma. Beyond oxygenation, these vessels are likely involved in endocranial thermal regulation, infection, inflammation, and immune responses, and their distribution and prevalence can hence be of interest in human biology, evolutionary anthropology, and medicine.
Can the role of a personal tutor contribute to reducing the undergraduate degree awarding gap for racially minoritised students?
Authors: Gabi Josephine , Braddock Alison , Brown Claire , Miller Denise , Mynott Gwenda , Jacobi Melissa , Banerjee Pallavi , Kenny Karen , Rawson Andrew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe imperative to address the complex problem of degree awarding gaps within UK higher education institutions is multifaceted and messy. Various studies have continually highlighted this persistent undergraduate awarding gap (racial equity gap or/ethnicity gap) between White and racially minoritised students. This disparity in educational outcomes, where racially minoritised students compared to their White counterparts are less likely to graduate with good honours degrees, has gained considerable attention from policymakers and scholars. This underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that transcend conventional approaches and boundaries to achieve systemic change. Efforts to close the awarding gap have predominantly focused on decolonising the curriculum, which is vital. Still, it is also crucial to recognise personal tutoring (PT) as a pivotal and often underestimated role in addressing the awarding gap. The PT role, with its potential to provide a joined‐up experience for students, promoting student engagement and enabling them to navigate the ever‐changing academic landscape, can be a catalyst for racial equity and an antidote to the degree awarding gap. By reviewing the literature, empirical studies, policy frameworks and practical implementations, this paper sheds light on the diverse ways PT can serve as a potent tool for promoting equity and inclusion and enhancing equitable outcomes for all. Through a synthesis of existing literature and critical analysis, this scoping review highlights ways PT in higher education is conceptualised nationally and internationally and how it can drive transformational change in higher education when aligned with principles of equity.
Students' preferences for setting and/or mixed‐ability grouping in secondary school physical education in England
Authors: Wilkinson Shaun D. , Penney Dawn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is an extensive international literature on different forms of ability grouping in schools, much of which describes their impact on students' academic achievement, motivation, self‐concept and/or attitudes towards learning. Comparatively little research has focused on students' perspectives of these practices, while the research that has been conducted has primarily focused on mathematics, English and science. There is a conspicuous and arguably significant absence of research that explores students' perspectives on different forms of ability grouping in other areas of the school curriculum, including physical education (PE). In contrast to the relative privacy of classroom‐based subjects, students' bodies, physical competencies and performances are very openly on display in PE, which potentially accentuates the importance of grouping strategies from students' perspectives. This study sought to extend current grouping and ability research by generating large‐scale data relating to students' preferences for setting, mixed‐ability grouping or a combination of these approaches in secondary school PE. Data were collected through an online survey administered to 4908 students in 48 mainstream state‐funded secondary schools located in all nine regions of England. The responses showed that overall, most students preferred setting to mixed‐ability grouping or a combination of these approaches. Variations in preferences are discussed in relation to demographic and situational factors, including gender, self‐identified ability, school year group, previous experiences and the nature of the learning environment. Implications of the findings for policy, practice and future research are discussed, and the need for ability to be problematised and further explored in PE research and practice is highlighted.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure and thermal treatment on polyphenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of Phaseolus coccineus L.
Authors: García‐Alonso Alejandra , Alvarado López Alejandra N. , Redondo‐Cuenca Araceli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a nonthermal technology that has been applied to several innovative food products, extending shelf life while preserving sensory characteristics and nutritional value. This technology is feasible to apply to legumes, like beans, to soften them and reduce preparation time. Traditionally, before bean consumption, soaking and cooking processes are carried out to develop palatability; however, this involves a loss of compounds with high biological activity such as dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and polyphenols, which are of interest due to their antioxidant capacity and related benefits linked to a reduction in the risk of several diseases. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of HHP against traditional cooking on polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity of four Phaseolus coccineus L. cultivars: three Mexican (purple, brown, and white) and one Spanish (white).FindingsThere was a higher loss of polyphenols in beans where only heat treatment was applied compared to those treated by HHP. The highest antioxidant capacity (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power) was observed in colored samples with a higher content of total polyphenols.ConclusionsThe use of HHP decreases the cooking time of beans by 15 min while preserving the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties.Significance and NoveltyHHP can be an alternative for the legume food industry, to reduce cooking time, while preserving or improving their composition and functionality.
Severe dengue infection unmasking drug‐induced liver injury: Successful management with N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Gautam Naveen , Shrestha Nishan , Bhandari Sanjeev , Thapaliya Sabin 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageClinicians in tuberculosis and dengue endemic regions should have heightened vigilance for drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) overlapping with active infections, enabling prompt recognition and life‐saving conservative management.AbstractSevere dengue and drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) are significant independent risk factors for acute liver failure. The co‐occurrence of these conditions significantly complicates clinical management. Here, we describe the case of a 21‐year‐old Nepali female who developed acute liver failure during antitubercular therapy (ATT). The patient, presenting with fever and nausea after 3 weeks of ATT, subsequently received a diagnosis of severe dengue. Laboratory evidence indicated markedly elevated transaminases (AST 4335 U/L, ALT 1958 U/L), total bilirubin (72 μmol/L), and INR (>5). Prompt discontinuation of first‐line ATT, initiation of a modified ATT regimen, and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) infusion facilitated the patient's recovery after a week of intensive care. This case underscores the potential for synergistic hepatotoxicity in regions where multiple endemic illnesses coincide. Early recognition of DILI, cessation of offending agents, and comprehensive intensive care are crucial interventions. While the definitive efficacy of NAC remains under investigation, its timely administration in these complex cases warrants exploration for its potential lifesaving benefits.