bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aproximaciones a puertoLos espacios litorales colombianos desde la cartografía náutica francesa a comienzos del siglo xx
Authors: Rangel Juan Alexis Acero 
Published: April 2024

Las representaciones cartográficas de los litorales colombianos, con sus respectivas rutas y accesos a los puertos durante finales del siglo xix e inicios del siglo siguiente, permiten ver su importancia económica y al mismo tiempo, proporcionan una mirada a la dimensión del espacio oceánico en el cual el país estuvo inserto. La dinámica y desarrollo del conocimiento geográfico de los espacios marítimos y costeros, generados a través del mapeo de estas áreas y zonas portuarias, es el principal objetivo del artículo. Desde la cartografía crítica con el nuevo giro visual, se aborda el análisis de este tipo de inscripciones hechas por el Servicio Hidrográfico de la Marina de Francia y el uso de este tipo de piezas en el mapa oficial de Colombia; relacionado con la construcción y desarrollo de infraestructuras de conectividad o espacios de interconexión en el litoral, que configuraron su posible territorialización y proyectaron una imagen de nación articulada al comercio mundial.
Grandes empreendimentos agroindustriais e evolução de indicadores socioeconômicos: o caso do Polígono Canavieiro Paulista
Authors: Filho João Jaime de Carvalho Almeida , Silva Jonathas Magalhães Pereira da , Martines Marcos Roberto 
Published: March 2024

L'article examine l'évolution des indicateurs socio-économiques et démographiques survenus dans les municipalités de l'intérieur de São Paulo, entre 1975 et 2018, une période coïncidant avec l'expansion et la consolidation du secteur de sucre-énergie, qui utilise près de la moitié des terres agricoles sur ce territoire et installe des usines de canne à sucre dans plus d'un tiers des municipalités de ce que nous appelons Polígono Canavieiro Paulista ou Polygone de la Canne à Sucre de São Paulo. Prétendument générateur de croissance économique, le phénomène pose une question : charges et primes se traduisent-elles par un bilan positif pour la commune où sont implantées les usines de canne à sucre ? Le présent travail aborde cette question en comparant des indicateurs entre groupes de communes avec ou sans présence de usines de la canne à sucre et en spatialisant les résultats. Une tentative est faite pour vérifier l'influence des usines aux niveaux municipal et régional et, dans les municipalités avec usines de canne à sucre, il y a une différenciation discrète, positive et constante quant à l'évolution des indicateurs. Enfin, la recherche nous permet conclure que, par la présence du secteur sucre-énergie, dans la période étudiée, les inégalités s'accentuent entre les communes de São Paulo.
Study on disease activity of immunological disorders to correlate with thyroid function and other associated correlations
Authors: Pawar Akash , Joshi Prakash , Singhai Abhishek 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Organ-specific immunological disorders involving organ/gland like the thyroid, liver, muscles, pancreas, etc., is a result of autoimmunity which can be with or without association with systemic immunological disorders. The thyroid gland is most commonly involved. We evaluated thyroid dysfunction and ESR among various immunological disorders and their correlation with disease activity and hemoglobin respectively.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional/observational study was conducted by including 110 patients with different immunological disorders who came in as in-patients and outpatients in our institute for 18 months and various data were collected and evaluated to analyze the targeted parameters among the study group.

Results:
We found a positive correlation between disease activity and thyroid dysfunction in different immunological disorders (only in Rheumatoid arthritis [P = 0.004) and Systemic lupus erythematosus (0.009) and not in other immunological disorders] among the study group. A positive correlation was found between ESR (Mean value – 19.63 and Standard Deviation (SD) – 09.473) and disease activity (only in Rheumatoid arthritis P = 0.0001) where a negative correlation was found between ESR and Hemoglobin (Mean value – 11.07 and SD – 01.91 (P = 0.001) in patients under study.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated a positive correlation between thyroid dysfunction and ESR with disease activity, whereas demonstrated a negative correlation between ESR and Hemoglobin in patients with various immunological disorders under study.
Screening of Hospitalized Elderly Patients for Frailty and Associated Co-morbid Conditions in Western Gujarat in India
Authors: Makwana Naresh R. , Ram Rohitkumar V. , Yogesh M 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Older patients admitted to hospitals have a greater impact on the healthcare system as the population ages. The relationship between the recovery of functional impairments and frailty status in geriatric care units is still not clear. Simple screening technologies are required in order to operationalize frailty management in this susceptible population due to these restrictions. Aim: The study aims to screen hospitalized older adults for frailty and associated co-morbid conditions in western Gujarat, India.Materials and Methods:This is an institutionally based cross-sectional study conducted on the elderly patients (aged 60 years or more) admitted at the tertiary-level government hospital of Jamnagar District of Gujarat State during the period of October 22 to December 22. The assessment was done with a structured questionnaire for FRAIL screen, the Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS), Charles Co-morbidity Index, Geriatric Depression Scale-5 (GDS-5), and Short Form-12 (SF-12) Health Survey.Results:The overall findings of this study reveal that of 124 participants 34 (27%) were frail, 52 (42%) were found to be a likelihood of depression by the GDS, and 29 (23%) were having dementia by RCS, respectively. In our study, we also found a statistically significant association between frailty and dementia (Pvalue < 0.001).Conclusion:The present study implies the prevalence of frailty among old age elderly patients and its association with various socio-demographic and co-morbid conditions of the participants. Early identification of frailty and co-morbid conditions can help to prevent adverse health outcomes.
Burden and predictors of distress among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Excerpts of an observational study from Eastern India
Authors: Mahala Swastik , Basu Gandhari , Halder Indranil 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Diabetes distress (DD) is a common psychological condition distinct from depression. This is a unique, hidden emotional burden and worry that the patient experiences under ongoing treatment.

Aim:
To assess the prevalence and predictors of DD among adult diabetics attending a tertiary healthcare facility.

Settings and Design:
This hospital-based observational, analytical, cross-sectional study recruited 152 adult patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods:
The sociodemographic and diabetes-related information was collected with the help of a predesigned, structured proforma. Clinical and anthropometric examinations were conducted. Distress was determined by the standardized Diabetic Distress Scale (DDS). Statistical Analysis Used: The mean (SE) value was calculated for quantitative variables. The mean item score in DDS of ≥2 is taken as the presence of distress. Fisher’s exact Chi-square test was done to check for association. Two-tailed significance test with a P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Majority of study participants were literate, married, and from the lower middle socioeconomic class. High blood pressure was the most common co-morbidity and tobacco use was the most prevalent addiction. The prevalence of diabetes distress was 77.0%. Emotional DD was found to be more common than regimen, interpersonal, and physician-related DD. The major determinants that emerged were young age, low socioeconomic class, physical inactivity, longer time duration to reach the hospital, associated known co-morbidities, and poor glycaemic control.

Conclusion:
A target-specific and routine counseling sessions merged with pronged strategic services are essential to improve the mental health of respondents.
Effects of school nurse-led health education to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh: Cluster nonrandomized controlled trial
Authors: Aivey Sadia A. , Fukushima Yasuko , Rahman Md Moshiur , Nahar Niru S. , Ahmed Ashir , Prihanto Junaidi B. , Hawlader Mohammad D. H. , Moriyama Michiko 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Malnutrition is a major health concern among children especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there are limited studies on school health in Bangladesh. This study aimed to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh by increasing awareness and knowledge through school nurse-led health education.Methods and Materials:A prospective, open-label, parallel-group (1:1), cluster nonrandomized controlled trial on primary school children conducted in rural Bangladesh. The study lasted 13 months between September 2021 and September 2022. Four schools were selected and assigned to the intervention and control groups (CGs). Next, school nurses provided evidence-based health education to the children in the intervention group (IG) for 9 months to improve awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. Data were collected at baseline, midline, and endline.Results:Overall, 604 children were enrolled at the baseline; among them, 455 (CG,n= 220; IG,n= 235) completed the study. Changes in the malnutrition rate—the primary outcome—were not significant (P= 0.225). However, after adjusting the endline data with baseline and sociodemographic data, the children’s body mass index improved significantly in the IG than in the CG (P< 0.05). Changes in eating behavior, and awareness and knowledge of malnutrition—the secondary outcomes—significantly differed between the groups (P< 0.001).Conclusion:The school nurse-led health education program significantly improved primary school children’s awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. This study revealed the effectiveness of school nurses in reducing malnutrition among children, which may decrease future morbidity and mortality rates in children.
Social media impact on psychological well-being—A cross-sectional study among the adolescents of Odisha
Authors: Sahoo Prabhudarsan , Mishra Mausumi , Das Sai Chandan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Psychological well-being encapsulates positive dimensions, encompassing an individual’s sense of mastery, autonomy, personal growth, and a profound connection with purpose and meaning in life. In the domain of mental well-being, research indicates that social media yields consequential outcomes, contributing to elevated levels of well-being, life satisfaction, and social support. The engagement of adolescents with social networking sites serves as a facilitator in fortifying existing friendships and cultivating new connections through online platforms. This, in consequence, alleviates social isolation and loneliness, thereby fostering a discernible enhancement in the mental health of adolescents.

Method:
The study was conducted among 120 undergraduate students studying in different colleges of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The study was based on a 2 (social media use) ×2 (gender) factorial design with independent variables being the social media use (high use and low use) and gender (boys and girls) of the undergraduate students. All of the adolescents were in the age group of 17–19 years. Subjects were randomly selected from different undergraduate colleges of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software version 21.

Results:
The sample consisted of 120 students from different colleges of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Comparisons of psychological well being mean scores of subjects indicated that high social media use had higher psychological well being than their low social media use among the counterparts. Psychological well being scores of the boys was found to be higher than girls, indicating that boys were psychologically healthier than their girl counterparts.

Conclusion:
The finding of this study revealed that higher social media users had better perceived social support than lower social media users. Comparison of mean scores disclosed that boys and higher social media users had better psychological well-being than girls and lower social media users respectively. Social media is linked to social support and psychological wellbeing among the college students. This information will provide information to psychologists and public health specialist guiding their work with college students.
An epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Kashmir
Authors: Hussain Arshad , Dar Mansoor A. , Shah Majid S. , Roub Fazle 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Mental disorders are highly prevalent and affect people across all regions of the world. The State of Jammu and Kashmir has been witness to a conflict for about three decades. Little is known about the extent of mental disorders in Kashmir. There was a dire need to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders among the rural population of Kashmir. The study was undertaken to estimate the point prevalence of specific mental disorders in rural population of Kashmir, sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders and to assess the service utilization in individuals with mental disorders.

Materials and Methods:
Community-based survey carried out in rural districts of Kashmir using a mixed sampling technique. The survey was conducted in six blocks of two districts (Pulwama and Baramulla) of Kashmir. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for psychiatric morbidity was used. Appropriate statistical methods were applied.

Results:
In total, 11.3% of adult population suffers from mental illness in the valley. As compared to males (8.4%), females had a higher prevalence (12.9%). Depressive disorders (8.4%) were the most common psychiatric disorders, followed by anxiety disorders (5.1%). Only 12.6% of patients suffering from mental disorders had sought treatment for their illnesses.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study have cleared many doubts and indicated the prevalence of 10 common mental health disorders in the general population as well as among different socioeconomic groups in Kashmir. This study has indicated low levels of treatment sought by people with mental illness.
Global epidemiology of cannabis use disorders and its trend from 1990 to 2019: Benchmarking analysis of the global burden of disease study
Authors: Shah Kinjal , Farwa Umm E. , Vanaparti Ankitha , Patel Savan , Kanumuri Manisha , Vashishth Oshin , Hossain Nadia , Dahiya Roopali , Banala Mallareddy , Enamorado Fredy Reynaldo Pavon , Patel Abhiraj S. , Nadeem Huzaifa , Kanani Ravi , Desai Hardik D. , Sharma Kamal H. , Tripathi Sharanya 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Cannabis is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances globally, with an increasing trend in its legalization for both medical and recreational purposes in various countries. While cannabis offers potential therapeutic benefits, its regular use can lead to the development of Cannabis Use Disorders (CUDs). Understanding the epidemiology of CUDs is crucial in assessing the public health burden associated with cannabis use.

Methods:
Epidemiological parameters of CUDs were assessed using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology across different age-groups, years, sexes, and locations worldwide from 1990-2019.

Results:
Globally, for both sexes combined, prevalent cases of CUDs increased steadily from 17.1 million(95%UI=12.7-22.8million) in 1990 to 23.8-million(95%UI=17.8-30.9 million) in 2019. All age-adjusted highest number of incidence observed in High-Income-North-America(HINA)(121/100,000), followed by Australasia(100/100,000), Oceania(83.97/100,000), Tropical Latin America(69.59/100,000). Globally, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate(ASDR) observed higher in HINA, followed by Australasia, and Western-Europe. In male, all-age incidence counts increased from 1.7 million(95%UI=1.3-2.4million) in 1990 to 2.4 million(95%UI=1.8-3.2 million) in 2019. The highest annual percentage of change in age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR) was found in East-Asia (22%) followed by Middle-East and North-Africa(MENA)(15%). The age group of 15-24 years exhibited the highest burden of CUDs.

Conclusion:
The widespread occurrence of CUDs on a global scale poses a substantial challenge to public health. Understanding the impact of CUDs and implementing evidence-based interventions is crucial in mitigating the associated individual, societal, and economic burdens. Continued research, collaboration, and knowledge dissemination are essential to inform policies, prevention efforts, and treatment strategies aimed at addressing CUDs on a global-scale.
Correlation between cardiovascular risk and glycemic control among patients with diabetes
Authors: Dalimunthe Naomi Niari , Ahmad Herwindo , Dalimunthe Dina Arwina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Uncontrolled blood glucose levels are thought to increase the likelihood of CVD in individuals with diabetes. Therefore, stratification of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes is crucial.

Objective:
To assess the relationship between cardiovascular risk, as measured by the Jakarta Cardiovascular Score (JCS), and blood glucose control, as shown by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, in individuals with diabetes.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional analytic analysis was undertaken in a private clinic between April and June 2022. This study examined 110 diabetes patients who had not experienced any cardiovascular complications. Correlation analysis was employed to investigate the association between the risk of CVD and levels of HbA1c.

Results:
According to JCS, a significant proportion of patients (86.4%) were classified as high risk for CVD. The recorded HbA1c values varied from 5% to 16.20%. Around 90% of the study participants exhibited uncontrolled blood glucose levels, as evidenced by an HbA1c value exceeding 7%. Nevertheless, individuals with HbA1c levels below 7% exhibited a more excellent average total risk score. The JCS and HbA1c levels showed a weak negative connection, with a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.198 and a P value of 0.038.

Conclusion:
There is a weak negative correlation between the cardiovascular risk score of diabetic patients and their blood glucose control.
Incidence of deranged thyroid levels in women aged 25 years and above with lower back pain
Authors: Dhar Sanjay , Kale Sachin , Kale Sachiti S , Patel Abhiraj , Shinde Sumedha , Vatkar Arvind J , Doshi Suraj S , Biswal Pannag B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Low back pain (LBP) constitutes a significant portion, 57%, of overall disability, posing a considerable burden on individuals, healthcare systems, and society. Despite the abundance of literature on various causes and treatments for LBP, success in its management remains inconsistent. There is a growing consensus for a more comprehensive investigation into the early stages of LBP to understand its origin and progression better, aiming to target interventions more precisely. Among adolescents, females exhibit a higher prevalence of LBP than that of males. Notably, thyroid imbalances can lead to physiological changes, resulting in fatigue and generalized muscle or joint pain, which often improve with thyroid medication. However, there is limited research exploring the association between LBP and thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the incidence of thyroid dysfunction, assessed through thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) screening, in women aged 25 years and above who experience LBP.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted following ethical approval from D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital, and Research Centre, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India, from April 15, 2021, to April 30, 2022. Upon obtaining informed consent and elucidating the study’s objectives, we randomly screened 852 females aged 25 years. Among them, 426 females reported experiencing LBP persisting for more than 3 weeks.

Results:
Out of 852 female subjects screened, 426 had LBP, of which 66.9% had high TSH levels. There was no substantial association between age and deranged thyroid (high TSH). There was a statistical correlation between high TSH and LBP with a P value of 0.00001 and a strong negative correlation.

Conclusion:
LBP in females aged 25 years and above may be a consequence of deranged thyroid levels, that is, elevated TSH levels (hypothyroidism). Therefore, this will help diagnose, treat, and subsequently prevent LBP by screening TSH Levels.
Reflective writing by medical students on the newly implemented foundation course in MBBS curriculum: An in-depth analysis
Authors: Ohri Ashwariya , Kaur Jasleen , Alam Sana , Khan Sabina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
An analysis of reflective writing by medical students on the newly implemented foundation course under the Competency-based Medical Education (CBME).

Materials and Methods:
A month-long foundation course was conducted for the newly enrolled Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students by the National Medical Commission (NMC) guidelines. After the program, 150 anonymous reflections were collected from the students. These reflections were evaluated, and common themes were identified using the thematic analysis method.

Results:
Students were highly appreciative of sessions such as communication and ethics, basic life skills and first aid, vaccination, hand hygiene, biomedical waste disposal, skills labs, yoga and sports, and appreciated how this course helped them seamlessly transition from school to college life and helped ease their anxieties about this significant change in their lives. Campus tours and sessions facilitated by experienced and valued faculty members gave students great insight into the profession and helped familiarize them with the hospital setup. It also made the students more comfortable with the faculty members and better acquainted with each other. Introduction to topics new to them, such as community and family medicine, was greeted with great appreciation. Students also appreciated the free form of reflective writing and how it helped them express their experience in their own words, without restrictions. Students suggested that the duration of the course be shortened or perhaps it occurs simultaneous to their syllabus but also noted that this is a beautiful addition to the curriculum set by NMC. Language sessions are region-specific and need to be validated by other studies. Change is the only constant in our lives, and this change in the curriculum seems to be a positive step toward educating empathetic and wholesome medical professionals of the future generation.

Conclusion:
Introducing the foundation course under CBME is a revolutionary step toward enhancing our country’s medical education system. Student reflections on the course and its sessions serve as a mirror for us to enhance and refine our curriculum. The reflections analyzed showed a significantly positive response towards the course by the students. Future studies analyzing the impact of foundation courses on their medical school journey would yield exciting insights.