bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetics of Cultivated Bougainvilleas. IX. Precocious Centromere Division and Origin of Polyploid Taxa
Authors: Ohri D. , Zadoo S. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPrecocious centromere division at metaphase I leading to diploid gamete formation has been observed in three cultivars. Some of the PMC's are characterized only by rod bivalents whose centromeres split at metaphase I. After passing to respective poles, the already divided centromeres fall apart at telophase I, with the result that each pole has unreduced number of 34 chromosomes. There is no second division and such cells form dyads which give rise to diploid pollen grains. Such unreduced pollen are 100 per cent fertile because of reduced (or no) recombination between hamoeolugous genomes and the presence of two sets of chromosomes. Thus, triploids or even tetraploids can arise when such pollen grains are involved in tertilization with reduced or unreduced egg of other cultivars.
Path‐Coefficient Analysis of Leaf‐Anatomical Characters Affecting Frost Injury in Potato
Authors: Tiwari S. P. , Sukumaran N. P. , Khushu C. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCorrelation and path‐coefficient analysis for leaf‐anatomical characters affecting frost injury was carried out in twenty eight varieties and accessions belonging to several wild and cultivated tuber‐bearing species of Solanum in order to identify selection criteria in breeding for frost resistance in potato Palisade thickness and palisade proportion showed a significant negative correlation with frost injury Path‐coefficient analysis revealed that palisade thickness had the highest direct negative effect on frost injury whereas leaf thickness, not conforming to its behaviour as found in simple correlation analysis, emerged ax the next highest factor to have direct positive effect on frost injury. Direct and indirect effects of these factors on frost injury vis a vis their interdependence were found to be in support ot the ‘palisade thickness method’ for screening frost resistant genotypes in potato breeding programmes.
Genes for Resistance to Yellow Rust in Seedlings of Wheat Cultivars from Pakistan Tested with British Isolates of Puccinia striiformis
Authors: Perwaiz M. S. , Johnson R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeedlings of 26 wheat caltivars from Pakistan were tested with 18 British races of P. striiformis. It is postulated that the race‐specific genes Yr6, Yr7, Yr9 and perhaps Yr2 were present among the cultivars, and that there was other resistance not controlled by these genes.
Effect of Selection for Days to Flower in X‐ray Treated Population of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)
Authors: Sinhamahapatra S. P. , Rakshit S. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDry seeds of an early variety of jute (Fanduk) were X‐irradiated to study the effect of selection for days to flower. Variation was induced in days to flower as evident from the high values of genotypic variances and hen lability estimates in the Mi generation. Asymmetric‐response was realized in the M4 generation following disruptive selection — response being more towards lateness than earliness. However, significant variances for days to flower were present among both early and late selections in M4 generation. While late lines were superior to the mother variety in plant height and fibre vie Id: pi ant, early lines were inferior to the mother variety in these‐traits. Distribution of 15 late lines in fibre yield and plant height classes showed that S lines exceeded the mother variety in fibre yield, plant and 7 of them exceeded it in plant height. In general, gradual shift towards lateness was associated with gradual shift towards greater plant height and fibre yield. Two late lines were very promising and earlier in maturity than the recommended early varieties.
Productivity and Cytogenetic Analysis of an Unbranched Mutant in Hyoscyamus niger L.
Authors: Sharma J. R. , Lal R. K. , Lavania U. C. , Gupta M. M. , Mishra H. O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn unbranched mutant (Ub) with marginal arrangement of large leaves substantially altered floral and reproductive features in H. niger was isolated in M2. It bred true for all mutant characteristics in M2 generation. Appearance of restricted branching (Rb mutant) in some M3 families seems 10 be a transient phase. Erect growth habit Coupled with non‐overlapping leaf‐disposition is useful for high crop density to obtain higher biomass field and, in turn, more crude drug production per unit area. Improvement in alkaloid content is an additional advantage augmenting its economic viability. Seed setting was, however. Poor due to pollen‐polymorphism accruing from desynapsis and lack of organized alignment of chromosomes at Ml and subsequent abnormal disjunction at Al.
Inheritance of White Rust Resistance in Brassica juncea
Authors: Uhukral S. K. , Singh Hari 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInheritance of white rust resistance was studied in two crosses between resistant (R) and sensitive (S) types of Brassica juncea, namely EC 12749 ×‘Parkash’ (R × S) and EC 12749 ×‘Varuna’ (R × S) under conditions of normal and late sowing. Analysis of six generations revealed the importance of additive, dominant and epistatic effects. Disease was more prevalent under late sowing due to favourable environment. Reciprocal recurrent selection is advocated for exploiting the additive and non‐additive gene effects for resistance to white rust.
Selection of Head Blight Resistant Wheats Through Improved Seedling Resistance
Authors: Mesterhazy A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn a four years' test (1982—1985) it was shown that there are highly significant differences in resistance to seab and seedling blight in wheat. Using a novel approach, that head blight resistance should be measured on stands free of leaf diseases and with a number of isolates with different pathogenicity in the inoculation tests, the rep‐rod Liability of results increased significantly over the levels so far published. The genotype‐ by‐year and the genotype‐by‐isolate interactions remained low. Beside differences in resistance deviations in tolerance were also detected. The best materials that were selected are near to the better spring wheat resistance sources. A tendency for correlation between seedling and head blight resistance was found and the most resistant genotypes in the seedling stage will, with high probability, yield head blight resistant material.It thus became possible to include seedling resistance into the breeding program for head blight resistance, Further evidence for there being an identical genetic basis for resistance to F. graminearum and F. culmorum is presented.
Possible New Genes for Resistance to Powdery Mildew, Septoria Glume Blotch and Leaf Rust of Wheat
Authors: Negassa M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn Ethiopian wheat collection consisting of 293 tetraploid and hexaploid entries was investigated for resistance to powdery mildew, Septoria glume blotch, and leaf rust with the aim of finding probable new genes for resistance to these diseases. Seedlings were screened with isolates of these diseases in the greenhouse or growth chamber. The material was also scored for field resistance to powdery mildew after the fifth leaf stale. The diversity of the reaction types to powdery mildew and Septoria glume blotch was estimated by the Shannon‐Weaver diversity index. Thirty‐nine entries (13%) of the collection were resistant to moderately resistant co the mildew isolates, 14S‐77 and 46—77, that had: a combined virulence spectrum effective against nine identified genes for resistance to powdery mildew. One hundred and et till TV‐tour entries (63 %) of the collection showed field resistance to mildew. One hundred and eighty‐one entries (62 %) of the collection were at least moderately resistant in an aggressive isolate of Sartorial nodorum. Resistance to a race of leaf rust was detected in one hundred and sixty‐eight entries or 58.% of the collection. Generally, resistance to these diseases is concentrated in Central and Southern Ethiopia. The different reaction types of the resistant entries to these diseases and the high estimates of diversity for reaction types indicated the presence of many different probable new genes and genetic backgrounds for resistance to these diseases.
‘Florin’: A Doubled Haploid Wheat Variety Developed by the Anther Culture Method
Authors: de Buyser J. , Henry Y. , Lonnet P. , Hertzog R. , Hespel A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe cross from which the doubled haploid wheat variety ‘Florin’ is derived was made in 1978. As early as October 1985, after two years of official tests for registration, ‘Florin’ was licensed. The major advantage of anther culture is the lime saved in comparison with conventional pedigree breeding. Much research remains to be done to understand the anther culture system and to increase the efficiency of producing doubled haploids.
Natural Outcrossing in Rice Bean
Authors: Das N. D. , Dana S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNatural outcrossing in rice bean (Vigna umbellata [Thumb.] Ohwi and Ohashi) was studied in the progenies of recessive plants in F generation of six crosses involving three loci — Ti (seed coat base colour), (seed coat mosaic) and Rr (seedling colour), The estimate of outcrossing (α) varied from 0.27 10 0.81 and the percentage of line showing outcrossing varied from 86.S to 100 and the outcrossing was non random.
Prospects for the Development of Rapeseed (B. napus L.) with Improved Linoleic and Linolenic Acid Content
Authors: Roy N. N. , Tarr A. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe special aspects of the Western Australian rape‐seed breeding programme for the improvement of C18 fatty acids (FA) have been highlighted. Progress made through the use of ‘Oro’‐mutant and IXLIN (interspecific X derived) as sources of genes fur improved C18 FA is discussed. These two donor lines were crossed or intercrossed with high yielding, disease resistant B. napus lines (summer and winter type) or their early generation progenies from interspecific crosses with B. juncea or B. carinata. Tins provided suitable genetic diversity and favourable agronomic background for the introgression of target genes or gene system for improved C18 fatty acids. Many of the polyenoic lines selected from these crosses have indicated scope for combining high linoleic and low linolenic acid levels, with maintenance of good growths and seed development in plants well adapted to the environment.
Genetic Variation for Regenerative Response in Immature Leaflet Cultures of the Cultivated Peanut, Arachis hypogaea*
Authors: Seitz M. H. , Stalker H. T. , Green C. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractForty‐seven genotypes of the cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., were screened for regenerative responses of immature leaflet cultures on two media varying in the auxin: cytokinin ratio. Statistical analysis revealed significant media and genotype differences for rhizogenesis plus media differences for callus proliferation but no differences for shoot formation. When genotypes were categorized according to botanical types, differences between subspecies were observed for rhizogenesis. Cultivars of the Virginia botanical type (subspecies hypogaea) were significantly different from either the Valencia or Spanish botanical types (both subspecies fastigiata). Overall, rhizogenesis varied from 0 to 70% among all genotypes. Shoot production was low (30%) while callus proliferation was extremely high (70%).
Identification of Wheat Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes by Analysing Host‐Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Heun M. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFifty‐nine winter wheat cultivars and thirteen lines possessing known powdery mildew resistance genes were inoculated with eleven different isolates. By comparing their resistance patterns the responsible major resistance genes of the above‐mentioned cultivars have been determined. The so‐called “Blaukorn” resistance is conditioned by gent Pm4b. The resistance patterns of Ml‐i and Pm5 being similar, the relationship between them has to be analysed by segregating populations.
Selection for Seed Yield in Lolium perenne L.*
Authors: Bugge Gisela 
Published: April 2006

AbstractComponents of seed yield were estimated for each set of 100 plants derived from six varieties of Lolium perenne. Significant differences between the varieties were found for all components of seed yield, but the range was broader within each variety. An indirect selection of seed yield using the character seeds per spike produced a selection response similar to that obtained by direct selection on high seed yield per plant. A direct and indirect selection of characters estimated in small, drilled plots of topcross off‐springs (F1) was less successful than the selection based on the single plants. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the single plants and their offsprings did not show significant agreement for seed yield. But altogether the results indicated that the increase of seed yield/area was about 6 % when 10 % of the best plants were selected.
Studies on Pigmentation of Fruits in Derivatives of Crosses between Cucurbita maxima Duch. ×C. moschata Poir.
Authors: Shifriss C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPrecocious fruit pigmentation was found to be recessive in Cucurbita maxima. When precocious C. maxima cultivars were crossed with C. moschata and C. equadorensis, the trait was found to be dominant. Following the introduction of precocious pigmentation into C. moschatta cv. ‘Waltham Butternut’, the character was found to be recessive. In addition, foliage yellowing, spotting and leaf variegation were associated with the character.At fruit maturity two new fruit colors were obtained; orange and green, vs the typical cream color of the cv. ‘Waltham Butternut’. It is suggested that at least two complementary genes from both parental species control orange fruit color, and a’ single gene is responsible for mature green pigmentation. Improvement of C. moschata cultivars is aimed at by assembling the beneficial effects of the various characters.
Intersubgeneric Crossability in the Genus Glycine Willd.
Authors: Singh R. J. , Hymowitz T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn intersubgeneric crosses between wild perennial Glycine species of submenus Glycine and soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr., of subgenus Soja, all the putative hybrid pods aborted from 9 to 30 days after pollination (DAP). Spraying of 70 ppm gibberellic acid on hybridized gynoecia facilitated pod retention. Fluorescence microscopy revealed normal pollen germination and pollen tube growth in all the intersubgeneric crosses except in the G. cyrtoloba × G. max cross.
Epistasis in Maize (Zea mays L.) III. Comparison of Single and Three‐Way Crosses for Forage Traits
Authors: Melchinger A. E. , Geiger H. H. , Seitz G. , Schmidt G. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe importance of epistasis for forage performance and quality traits was studied in early maturing European maize (Zea mays L.) breeding materials. Sixty‐six three‐way crosses (3W), 33 of the flint x (dent · dent) and 33 of the dem × (flint · flint) type, were compared with the mean of their respective non‐parental single crosses () using data obtained in six environments. For each of the 11 traits examined, at least 6 out of the 66 three‐way crosses displayed significant (P < 0.05) epistatic deviations, calculated as – 3W. Averaged over crosses and environments, epistatic deviations were highly significant (P < 0,31] for 8 trails, but of minor importance except for grain yield. In general, the variance of epistatie deviations was appreciably smaller than the variance of genotype × environment interactions. Highly significant correlations occurred among epistatie deviations for silking date, dry matter content of ear, and dry matter yield of grain and stover. The reliability of predicting the performance of three‐way crosses from 2W as opposed to assessing them directly was investigated as a function of the number of test environments. Disturbing e fleets of epistasis on prediction only became important under intense testing (> 3 or 4 environments), With fewer test environments, both procedures were almost equivalent, due to a smaller influence of genotype × environment interaction on the values, Epistasis is concluded to be of minor importance with regard to the optimum type of hybrid for forage use.
A Major Gene for Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight in Maize
Authors: Badu‐Apraku B. , Gracen V. E. , Bergstrom G. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of the reaction of maize (Zea mays L.) to anthracnose leaf blight caused by Colletotrichum graminicola was studied in eight generations derived from a cross between a hypersensitively resistant inbred. LB–58, and a susceptible inbred, A632. The generations consisted of the two parents, F1, F2 backcrosses and the backcrosses‐selfed, Chisquare analysis of the data for individual locations as well as across locations indicated that resistance at both the seedling and mature plant stages of development is conditioned by a single dominant gene, designated CgL. A study of the reactions of LB‐58 in several hybrid combinations indicated that resistance was expressed in ail cast‐s even though the expression of CgL gene was modified somewhat in different hybrid combinations.
Selection of Diploid Nematode‐Resistant Sugar Beet from Monosomic Addition Lines
Authors: Jung C. , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMonosomic sugar beet/wild beet addition lines (2n = 19) with full resistance against the beet cyst nematode have been characterized in different ways. Within the B. procumbens and B. webbiana addition lines three groups could be classified according to their isozymes pattern, growth habit, transmission rate, and resistance level. It is assumed that B. procumbens and B. webbiana each possess three different chromosomes which carry genes for nematode resistance. In the offspring of the addition lines diploid translocation types appear at very low frequencies, Isozyme pattern or growth type of the resistant plants were used for selecting diploid types in the offspring of monosomic addition lines. Effective selection could be made in progenies of susceptible sugar beets pollinated by addition lines because the pollen transmission of the alien chromosome is very low. Using these methods 7 nematode‐resistant sugar beet lines could be selected. The transmission rates of the resistance gene ranged from 70.6% to 100%. Threw heterozygous progenies showed a 1:1 segregation indicating monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance. The level of resistance was as high as in the addition lines.
Nondestructive and Rapid Leaf Measurements for Use as Selection Criteria in Vicia faba L.*
Authors: Ricciardi L. , Pace C. De , Filippetti A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFour Vicia faba F2 populations were studied to identify leaf characters that can be scored precisely at low cost and cause minimal disturbance to the plant during the leaf scoring in a selection program to change leaf canopy architecture. From correlation and biometrical analyses, involving eight measurements of leaflet and rachis characters, it was ascertained that the area index (length × width) of the first basal leaflet and the total rachis length of the leaf on the 5th flowering node, were the most informative, rapidly, and nondestructively determined leaf characters serving‐ the above‐men tinned requirements.
Genetic Variability among Nut Yield Traits and Selection in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Faluyi M. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA study was conducted on eight nut traits within three generically broad‐based populations of cashew to determine the yield attributes that could be employee for selection of nigh yielding and good quality cashew materials. The analyses indicated appreciable valuation for the genotypes studied ‐with nut count and its weight per tree contributing most towards the total divergence. The heritability and the genetic advance estimates showed clearly that total nut yield u eight per tree can be improved through individual tree selection. Also the computed correlation coefficient for the traits indicated that selections based on nut weight per tree would be effective as a selection criterion for both quantitative and qualitative yield characters. Kernel and shell weights, the two main economic components of cashew nut. were found to be closely correlated with an approximate ratio 1:2.
The Influence of Combined Treatment of Fast Neutrons and NEU on the Mutation Spectrum in Peas
Authors: Swiecicki W. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInvestigations were carried out on mutation induction in peas by using fast neutrons (Nf), N‐nitroso‐N‐ethylurea (NEU), And a combined treatment of both agents. In total, 1314 mutants were isolated representing a wide mutation spectrum. In comparison 10 the single mutagens the combined treatment acted as a different, third if it were mutagen, being the most effective and producing the highest number and the widest spectrum of induced mutants. Nf was clearly least effective with regard to the number of mutants, but it did induce the widest mutation spectrum per 100 induced mutants. Moreover, some mutation types appeared only with a given mutagen and in a given genotype. The greatest number of such specific mutants was selected in the line Wt 3527 after the combined treatment; among them some new genes in Pisum were found, e.g. orange pod, necrosis, arthritic or determinate growth.
Further Studies on Phylogenetic Relationships in Secale: On the Origin of its Species
Authors: Vences F. J. , Vaquero F. , Garcia P. , de la Vega M. Perez 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFourteen isozymatk loci have been analyzed in 23 samples of populations belonging to genus Secale by starch gel electrophoresis. The allelic frequencies for these loci have also been estimated and used in calculating genetic identity values between populations. Isozymatic data agree with the hypothesis that there are four species in the genus Secale: S. cereale, S. montanum, S. silvestre, and S. vavilovii. The characteristics of growth and outbreeding habits, and the isozymatic variability along with the previously known cytogenetic data, maintain S. montanum as the probable ancestor of the other three species: two are self‐pollinated and monomorphic for isozymes (S. silvestre and S. vavilovii) and the other is open‐pollinated and variable (S. cereale) and dearly distinguishable by its genetic variability from the other two. Finally, from isozymatic data it is not possible to distinguish between populations belonging to S. montanum and populations, belonging to. S. cereale.
Outcrossing Rates in Autumn and Spring‐Sown Barley
Authors: Doll H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNatural outcrossing is a potential cause of the admixtures which are often observed, especially in winter barley. Outcrossing was studied in yield trials with hap laid ‐derived homozygous offspring, lines from tour crosses between winter and spring barley varieties. Outcrosses were recognised by heterozygosity in storage protein loci Hor1 and Hor2 as revealed by electrophoresis. Outcrossing, was, on average, about 5% in lines sown in the autumn and less than 0.5% after spring sowing. Autumn‐sown lines from one of the four crosses studied had about 10% outcrosses.