bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Seismic Velocity Changes Associated With the Mw 6.1, May 2008 Ölfus Doublet, South Iceland: A Joint Interpretation From dv/v and GPS
Authors: Çubuk‐Sabuncu Yeşim , Jónsdóttir Kristín , Árnadóttir Thóra , Mordret Aurélien , Caudron Corentin , Lecocq Thomas , De Plaen Raphael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn South Iceland, populated and agricultural areas are at risk of earthquakes due to their location within the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ). In 2008, two moderate‐sized earthquakes (M5.8 and M5.9) occurred in Ölfus, the western end of this highly active transform zone. We analyze temporal seismic velocity variations (dv/v) related to the Ölfus earthquake doublet, using cross‐correlations of ambient noise in the frequency range of 0.1–3.0 Hz. The two mainshocks decrease the average velocity by 0.8% at the nearest stations. The co‐seismic changes are most noticeable from 0.7 to 1.7 Hz and affect a 40 km wide region. We present a first‐time comparison of dv/v to crustal deformation, seismicity, co‐seismic volumetric stress changes and reported PGA distribution for the Ölfus doublet. Ground accelerations caused by mainshocks at intermediate distances suggest that strong shaking‐related damage may contribute to the co‐seismic dv/v decrease. A rapid velocity increase (0.3%) in a month after the co‐seismic drop indicates crustal rock healing. We find 3‐months of post‐seismic decorrelation, followed by a nearly permanent velocity decrease (0.2%) confined to a shallow layer (1 km) until the end of the observation period. Afterslip and pore fluid effects in the near‐source region are likely to influence post‐seismic dv/v. We demonstrate that seismic interferometry can contribute to future fault‐zone monitoring operations in the SISZ by detecting small changes in velocity.
CO2 Flushing Triggers Paroxysmal Eruptions at Open Conduit Basaltic Volcanoes
Authors: Caricchi Luca , Montagna Chiara P. , Aiuppa Alessandro , Lages Joao , Tamburello Giancarlo , Papale Paolo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOpen conduit volcanoes erupt with the highest frequency on Earth. Their activity is characterized by an outgassing flux that largely exceeds the gas that could be released by the erupted magma; and by frequent small explosions intercalated by larger events that pose a significant risk to locals, tourists, and scientists. Thus, identifying the signs of an impending larger explosion is of utmost importance for the mitigation of volcanic hazard. Larger explosive events have been associated with the sudden ascent of volatile rich magmas, however, where and why magma accumulates within the plumbing system remains unclear. Here we show that the interaction between CO2‐rich fluids and magma spontaneously leads to the accumulation of volatile‐rich, low density and gravitationally unstable magma at depth, without the requirement of permeability barriers. CO2‐flushing forces the exsolution of water and the increase of magma viscosity, which proceeds from the bottom of the magma column upward. This rheological configuration unavoidably leads to the progressive thickening of a gas‐rich and low density (i.e., gravitationally unstable) layer at the bottom of the feeding system. Our calculations account for observations, gas monitoring and petrological data; moreover, they provide a basis to trace the approach to deeply triggered large or paroxysmal eruptions and estimate their size from monitoring data. Our model is finally applied to Stromboli volcano, an emblematic example of open conduit volcano, but can be applied to any other open conduit volcano globally and offers a framework to anticipate the occurrence of unexpectedly large eruptions.
The Effect of Physically Based Ice Radiative Processes on Greenland Ice Sheet Albedo and Surface Mass Balance in E3SM
Authors: Whicker‐Clarke C. A. , Antwerpen R. , Flanner M. G. , Schneider A. , Tedesco M. , Zender C. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA significant portion of surface melt on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is due to dark ice regions in the ablation zone, where solar absorption is influenced by the physical properties of the ice, light absorbing constituents (LACs), and the overlying crustal surface or melt ponds. Earth system models (ESMs) typically prescribe the albedo of ice surfaces as a constant value in the visible and near‐infrared spectral regions. This work advances ESM ice radiative transfer modeling by (a) incorporating a physically based radiative transfer model (SNow, ICe and Aerosol Radiation model Adding‐Doubling Version 4; SNICAR‐ADv4) into the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), (b) determining spatially and temporally varying bare ice physical properties over the GrIS ablation zone from satellite observations to inform SNICAR‐ADv4, and (c) assessing the impacts on simulated GrIS albedo and surface mass balance associated with modeling of more realistic bare ice albedo. GrIS‐wide bare ice albedo in E3SMv2 is overestimated by ∼4% in the visible and ∼7% in the near‐infrared wavelengths compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Our bare ice physical property retrieval method found that LACs, ice crustal surfaces, and melt ponds reduce visible albedo by 30% in the bare ice region of the GrIS ablation zone. The realistic bare ice albedo reduces surface mass balance by ∼145 Gt, or 0.4 mm of sea‐level equivalent between 2000 and 2021 compared to the default E3SM. This work highlights the importance of simulating bare ice albedo accurately and realistically to improve our ability to quantify changes in the GrIS surface mass and radiative energy budgets.
The Rotational and Divergent Kinetic Energy Spectra of Geostrophic Vortices and Inertia‐Gravity Waves
Authors: Zhang Wei , Peng Jun , Zhang Weimin , Li Zongheng , Wu Hanyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe rotational and divergent kinetic energy (RKE and DKE) spectra of geostrophic vortices (Rossby waves; RWs) and inertia‐gravity waves (IGWs) in the global atmosphere are investigated with ERA5 reanalysis. The separation of RWs and IGWs in physical space is based on the normal‐mode decomposition, and the Helmholtz decomposition produces their RKE and DKE spectra at different layers, with a focus on spherical wavenumbers 10 ≤ l ≤ 100. In the upper troposphere and the middle and lower stratosphere, the RKE spectra of the total mode closely resemble the horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) spectra of RWs over most wavenumbers; the DKE spectra of the total mode are more comparable to the DKE spectra rather than the HKE spectra of IGWs, although their slopes are similar. The HKE of RWs is dominated by its rotational component, accounting for more than 80% of the HKE in most ranges of concern. Although the HKE of IGWs is dominated by its divergent component, its rotation component is also significant, with an average percentage exceeding 25% in all three vertical layers analyzed. Care must be taken when employing divergence as a proxy of IGWs, as the DKE may underestimate the HKE of IGWs. With the increase of altitude and the decrease of scale, the contribution of the divergent component increases in the horizontal circulation of both RWs and IGWs.
Heritability of complex traits in sub-populations experiencing bottlenecks and growth
Authors: Taylor Cameron S. , Lawson Daniel J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPopulations that have experienced a bottleneck are regularly used in Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to investigate variants associated with complex traits. It is generally understood that these isolated sub-populations may experience high frequency of otherwise rare variants with large effect size, and therefore provide a unique opportunity to study said trait. However, the demographic history of the population under investigation affects all SNPs that determine the complex trait genome-wide, changing its heritability and genetic architecture. We use a simulation based approach to identify the impact of the demographic processes of drift, expansion, and migration on the heritability of complex trait. We show that demography has considerable impact on complex traits. We then investigate the power to resolve heritability of complex traits in GWAS studies subjected to demographic effects. We find that demography is an important component for interpreting inference of complex traits and has a nuanced impact on the power of GWAS. We conclude that demographic histories need to be explicitly modelled to properly quantify the history of selection on a complex trait.
The evolution of robotics: research and application progress of dental implant robotic systems
Authors: Liu Chen , Liu Yuchen , Xie Rui , Li Zhiwen , Bai Shizhu , Zhao Yimin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe use of robots to augment human capabilities and assist in work has long been an aspiration. Robotics has been developing since the 1960s when the first industrial robot was introduced. As technology has advanced, robotic-assisted surgery has shown numerous advantages, including more precision, efficiency, minimal invasiveness, and safety than is possible with conventional techniques, which are research hotspots and cutting-edge trends. This article reviewed the history of medical robot development and seminal research papers about current research progress. Taking the autonomous dental implant robotic system as an example, the advantages and prospects of medical robotic systems would be discussed which would provide a reference for future research.
A wideband, high-resolution vector spectrum analyzer for integrated photonics
Authors: Luo Yi-Han , Shi Baoqi , Sun Wei , Chen Ruiyang , Huang Sanli , Wang Zhongkai , Long Jinbao , Shen Chen , Ye Zhichao , Guo Hairun , Liu Junqiu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe analysis of optical spectra—emission or absorption—has been arguably the most powerful approach for discovering and understanding matter. The invention and development of many kinds of spectrometers have equipped us with versatile yet ultra-sensitive diagnostic tools for trace gas detection, isotope analysis, and resolving hyperfine structures of atoms and molecules. With proliferating data and information, urgent and demanding requirements have been placed today on spectrum analysis with ever-increasing spectral bandwidth and frequency resolution. These requirements are especially stringent for broadband laser sources that carry massive information and for dispersive devices used in information processing systems. In addition, spectrum analyzers are expected to probe the device’s phase response where extra information is encoded. Here we demonstrate a novel vector spectrum analyzer (VSA) that is capable of characterizing passive devices and active laser sources in one setup. Such a dual-mode VSA can measure loss, phase response, and dispersion properties of passive devices. It also can coherently map a broadband laser spectrum into the RF domain. The VSA features a bandwidth of 55.1 THz (1260–1640 nm), a frequency resolution of 471 kHz, and a dynamic range of 56 dB. Meanwhile, our fiber-based VSA is compact and robust. It requires neither high-speed modulators and photodetectors nor any active feedback control. Finally, we employ our VSA for applications including characterization of integrated dispersive waveguides, mapping frequency comb spectra, and coherent light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Our VSA presents an innovative approach for device analysis and laser spectroscopy, and can play a critical role in future photonic systems and applications for sensing, communication, imaging, and quantum information processing.
Electro-optic 3D snapshot of a laser wakefield accelerated kilo-ampere electron bunch
Authors: Huang Kai , Jin Zhan , Nakanii Nobuhiko , Hosokai Tomonao , Kando Masaki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLaser wakefield acceleration, as an advanced accelerator concept, has attracted great attentions for its ultrahigh acceleration gradient and the capability to produce high brightness electron bunches. The three-dimensional (3D) density serves as an evaluation metric for the particle bunch quality and is intrinsically related to the applications of an accelerator. Despite its significance, this parameter has not been experimentally measured in the investigation of laser wakefield acceleration. We report on an electro-optic 3D snapshot of a laser wakefield electron bunch at a position outside the plasma. The 3D shape of the electron bunch was detected by simultaneously performing optical transition radiation imaging and electro-optic sampling. Detailed 3D structures to a few micrometer levels were reconstructed using a genetic algorithm. The electron bunch possessed a transverse size of less than 30 micrometers. The current profile shows a multi-peak structure. The main peak had a duration of < 10 fs and a peak current > 1 kA. The maximum electron 3D number density was ~ 9 × 1021 m-3. This research demonstrates a feasible way of 3D density monitoring on femtosecond kilo-ampere electron bunches, at any position of a beam transport line for relevant applications.
A laser-engraved wearable gait recognition sensor system for exoskeleton robots
Authors: Sun Maowen , Cui Songya , Wang Zezheng , Luo Huayu , Yang Huayong , Ouyang Xiaoping , Xu Kaichen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a reinforcement technology that improves load-bearing ability and prevents injuries, assisted exoskeleton robots have extensive applications in freight transport and health care. The perception of gait information by such robots is vital for their control. This information is the basis for motion planning in assistive and collaborative functions. Here, a wearable gait recognition sensor system for exoskeleton robots is presented. Pressure sensor arrays based on laser-induced graphene are developed with flexibility and reliability. Multiple sensor units are integrated into an insole to detect real-time pressure at key plantar positions. In addition, the circuit hardware and the algorithm are designed to reinforce the sensor system with the capability of gait recognition. The experimental results show that the accuracy of gait recognition by the proposed system is 99.85%, and the effectiveness of the system is further verified through testing on an exoskeleton robot.
Prebiotic diet normalizes aberrant immune and behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Prince Naika , Peralta Marzal Lucia N , Markidi Anastasia , Ahmed Sabbir , Adolfs Youri , Pasterkamp R Jeroen , Kumar Himanshu , Roeselers Guus , Garssen Johan , Kraneveld Aletta D , Perez-Pardo Paula 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a cluster of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication and behavior. Increasing evidence suggests that the microbiota-gut-brain axis and the likely related immune imbalance may play a role in the development of this disorder. Gastrointestinal deficits and gut microbiota dysfunction have been linked to the development or severity of autistic behavior. Therefore, treatments that focus on specific diets may improve gastrointestinal function and aberrant behavior in individuals with ASD. In this study, we investigated whether a diet containing specific prebiotic fibers, namely, 3% galacto-oligosaccharide/fructo-oligosaccharide (GOS/FOS; 9:1), can mitigate the adverse effects of in utero exposure to valproic acid (VPA) in mice. Pregnant BALB/cByJ dams were injected with VPA (600 mg/kg, sc.) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on gestational day 11 (G11). Male offspring were divided into four groups: (1) in utero PBS-exposed with a control diet, (2) in utero PBS-exposed with GOS/FOS diet, (3) in utero VPA-exposed with a control diet, and (4) in utero VPA-exposed with GOS/FOS diet. Dietary intervention started from birth and continued throughout the duration of the experiment. We showed that the prebiotic diet normalized VPA-induced alterations in male offspring, including restoration of key microbial taxa, intestinal permeability, peripheral immune homeostasis, reduction of neuroinflammation in the cerebellum, and impairments in social behavior and cognition in mice. Overall, our research provides valuable insights into the gut-brain axis involvement in ASD development. In addition, dietary interventions might correct the disbalance in gut microbiota and immune responses and, ultimately, might improve detrimental behavioral outcomes in ASD.
Proteinase 3 depletion attenuates leukemia by promoting myeloid differentiation
Authors: Liu Huan , Sun Lu , Zhao Hongfei , Zhao Zihan , Zhang Shiyue , Jiang Shan , Cheng Tianran , Wang Xiaohan , Wang Tong , Shao Ya , Zhu Haiyan , Han Huijuan , Cao Yigeng , Jiang Erlie , Cao Yihai , Xu Yuanfu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that have impaired differentiation can transform into leukemic blasts. However, the mechanism that controls differentiation remains elusive. Here, we show that the genetic elimination of Proteinase 3 (PRTN3) in mice led to spontaneous myeloid differentiation. Mechanistically, our findings indicate that PRTN3 interacts with the N-terminal of STAT3, serving as a negative regulator of STAT3-dependent myeloid differentiation. Specifically, PRTN3 promotes STAT3 ubiquitination and degradation, while simultaneously reducing STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation during G-CSF-stimulated myeloid differentiation. Strikingly, pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 (Stattic) partially counteracted the effects of PRTN3 deficiency on myeloid differentiation. Moreover, the deficiency of PRTN3 in primary AML blasts promotes the differentiation of those cells into functional neutrophils capable of chemotaxis and phagocytosis, ultimately resulting in improved overall survival rates for recipients. These findings indicate PRTN3 exerts an inhibitory effect on STAT3-dependent myeloid differentiation and could be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
Transglutaminase 3 regulates cutaneous squamous carcinoma differentiation and inhibits progression via PI3K-AKT signaling pathway-mediated Keratin 14 degradation
Authors: Zhou Kaili , Wu Chenglong , Cheng Wenjie , Zhang Boyuan , Wei Ruoqu , Cheng Daian , Li Yan , Cao Yu , Zhang Wenqing , Yao Zhirong , Zhang Xue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCutaneous squamous carcinoma is the second most common epithelial malignancy, associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. However, the mechanisms underlying cSCC remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified TGM3 as a novel cSCC tumor suppressor that acts via the PI3K-AKT axis. RT-qPCR, IHC and western blotting were employed to assess TGM3 levels. TGM3-overexpression/knockdown cSCC cell lines were utilized to detect TGM3’s impact on epithelial differentiation as well as tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Additionally, subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were employed to examine the effect of TGM3 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo. Finally, molecular and biochemical approaches were employed to gain insight into the tumor-suppressing mechanisms of TGM3. TGM3 expression was increased in well-differentiated cSCC tumors, whereas it was decreased in poor-differentiated cSCC tumors. Loss of TGM3 is associated with poor differentiation and a high recurrence rate in patients with cSCC. TGM3 exhibited tumor-suppressing activity by regulating cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. As a novel cSCC tumor differentiation marker, TGM3 expression was positively correlated with cell differentiation. In addition, our results demonstrated an interaction between TGM3 and KRT14 that aids in the degradation of KRT14. TGM3 deficiency disrupts keratinocytes differentiation, and ultimately leads to tumorigenesis. Furthermore, RNA-sequence analysis revealed that loss of TGM3 enhanced EMT via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Deguelin, a PI3K-AKT inhibitor, blocked cSCC tumor growth induced by TGM3 knockdown in vivo. Taken together, TGM3 inhibits cSCC tumor growth via PI3K-AKT signaling, which could also serve as a tumor differentiation marker and a potential therapeutic target for cSCC.
Slow magnetic relaxation in a europium(II) complex
Authors: Errulat Dylan , Harriman Katie L. M. , Gálico Diogo A. , Salerno Elvin V. , van Tol Johan , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Rouzières Mathieu , Hill Stephen , Clérac Rodolphe , Murugesu Muralee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSingle-ion anisotropy is vital for the observation of Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) properties (i.e., a slow dynamics of the magnetization) in lanthanide-based systems. In the case of europium, the occurrence of this phenomenon has been inhibited by the spin and orbital quantum numbers that give way to J = 0 in the trivalent state and the half-filled population of the 4f orbitals in the divalent state. Herein, by optimizing the local crystal field of a quasi-linear bis(silylamido) EuII complex, the [EuII(N{SiMePh2}2)2] SMM is described, providing an example of a europium complex exhibiting slow relaxation of its magnetization. This behavior is dominated by a thermally activated (Orbach-like) mechanism, with an effective energy barrier of approximately 8 K, determined by bulk magnetometry and electron paramagnetic resonance. Ab initio calculations confirm second-order spin-orbit coupling effects lead to non-negligible axial magnetic anisotropy, splitting the ground state multiplet into four Kramers doublets, thereby allowing for the observation of an Orbach-like relaxation at low temperatures.
Accelerated DNA replication fork speed due to loss of R-loops in myelodysplastic syndromes with SF3B1 mutation
Authors: Rombaut David , Lefèvre Carine , Rached Tony , Bondu Sabrina , Letessier Anne , Mangione Raphael M. , Farhat Batoul , Lesieur-Pasquier Auriane , Castillo-Guzman Daisy , Boussaid Ismael , Friedrich Chloé , Tourville Aurore , De Carvalho Magali , Levavasseur Françoise , Leduc Marjorie , Le Gall Morgane , Battault Sarah , Temple Marie , Houy Alexandre , Bouscary Didier , Willems Lise , Park Sophie , Raynaud Sophie , Cluzeau Thomas , Clappier Emmanuelle , Fenaux Pierre , Adès Lionel , Margueron Raphael , Wassef Michel , Alsafadi Samar , Chapuis Nicolas , Kosmider Olivier , Solary Eric , Constantinou Angelos , Stern Marc-Henri , Droin Nathalie , Palancade Benoit , Miotto Benoit , Chédin Frédéric , Fontenay Michaela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with mutated SF3B1 gene present features including a favourable outcome distinct from MDS with mutations in other splicing factor genes SRSF2 or U2AF1. Molecular bases of these divergences are poorly understood. Here we find that SF3B1-mutated MDS show reduced R-loop formation predominating in gene bodies associated with intron retention reduction, not found in U2AF1- or SRSF2-mutated MDS. Compared to erythroblasts from SRSF2- or U2AF1-mutated patients, SF3B1-mutated erythroblasts exhibit augmented DNA synthesis, accelerated replication forks, and single-stranded DNA exposure upon differentiation. Importantly, histone deacetylase inhibition using vorinostat restores R-loop formation, slows down DNA replication forks and improves SF3B1-mutated erythroblast differentiation. In conclusion, loss of R-loops with associated DNA replication stress represents a hallmark of SF3B1-mutated MDS ineffective erythropoiesis, which could be used as a therapeutic target.