bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connexin43 enhances glioma invasion by a mechanism involving the carboxy terminus
Authors: Bates Dave C. , Sin W. C. , Aftab Q. , Naus C. C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGliomas are particularly difficult to cure owing largely to their invasive nature. The neoplastic changes of astrocytes which give rise to these tumors frequently include a reduction of connexin43 (Cx43), the most abundant connexin isoform expressed in astrocytes. Cx43 is a subunit of gap junctions (GJ), intercellular channels which directly link the cytosol of adjacent cells and allow the regulated passage of ions and small molecules. To examine the role of Cx43 in glioma motility, we identified two variant C6 cell lines which endogenously express high (C6‐H) or low (C6‐L) levels of Cx43. In wound healing and transwell assays, C6‐H cells were more motile than C6‐L cells. To deduce whether Cx43 mediated these differences, assays were conducted on C6‐H cells retrovirally transduced with Cx43 shRNA. Coincident with the stable knockdown of endogenous Cx43, a decrease in motility and invasion was observed. Gap junctional intercellular communication was also decreased, however motility assays conducted in the presence of GJ inhibitors did not reveal significant differences in cell motility. C6 cells transfected with full length or C‐terminal truncated Cx43 (Cx43ΔCT) were subjected to the aforementioned motility assays to expose alternate mechanisms of Cx43‐mediated motility. Cells expressing full length Cx43 exhibited increased motility while cells expressing Cx43ΔCT did not. This report, the first in which RNAi has been employed to reduce Cx43 expression in gliomas, indicates that the downregulation of Cx43 decreases motility of C6 cells. Furthermore, it is the first report to suggest that the Cx43 CT plays an important role in glioma motility. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial coverage of the small cell somata in the rat nucleus of tractus solitarius during postnatal development
Authors: Tashiro Yasura , Kawai Yoshinori 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAstrocytes are thought to be active participants in synaptic plasticity in the developing nervous system. Previous studies suggested that axosomatic synapses decreased in number on the small cells of the rat caudal nucleus of tractus solitarius (cNTS) toward the end of the first postnatal week. Astrocytes might be involved in this phenomenon. We examined the morphological development of astrocytic processes around the small cell soma in the rat cNTS using light and electron microscopy. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamate‐aspartate transporter (GLAST), and glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1)‐positive structures within the cNTS became more intensely stained as development proceeded. GLAST‐positive structures encompassed calbindin‐positive small cell somata after postnatal day 10. Electron microscopic observations indicated that astrocytic processes encompass the small cell soma, while the number of axosomatic synapses decreases as development proceeds. The timing for glial coverage of the small cell soma appears to be consistent with the decrease in axosomatic synapses on the small cells. These observations imply that astrocytes may participate actively in regulating the decrease of axosomatic synapses on small cells in the cNTS during postnatal development. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New estimates of exchange rate pass‐through in Japanese exports
Authors: Parsons Craig R. , Sato Kiyotaka 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRecently, the issue of a decline in exchange rate pass‐through has gained much more attention. Taylor conjectures that a worldwide decline in exchange rate pass‐through is related to the low and stable inflation in many industrialized countries since the early 1990s. Developments of ‘new open‐economy macroeconomics’ also cast renewed attention on exchange rate pass‐through. Theoretical research shows that the choice of an optimal exchange rate regime and the transmission of monetary policy impacts depend crucially on the exporter's price setting behaviour. There are many studies on the pass‐through of Japanese exports, yet most studies simply use the industry‐breakdown data on export price indices, which is insufficient to assess pass‐through patterns in regional trade. Significantly, highly disaggregated (HS 9‐digit level) commodity data are used here to evaluate the extent of pass‐through by commodity and by destination. We investigate and compare the extent of pass‐through to East Asia, Europe, and the US. We also examine whether there is any difference in the degree of pass‐through in the pre‐ and post‐Asian crisis era. Results suggest the most pricing‐to‐market (PTM) occurs in exports to the US market followed by significant, but less PTM in Europe. Virtually no PTM is found in Japanese exports to East Asia. Also, there is no clear evidence of either increasing or decreasing pass‐through over time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incomplete financial market and the sequence of international trade liberalization
Authors: Ma Yue 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, an incomplete financial market model was built to illustrate the impacts of the market incompleteness on the benefits of trade liberalization. Particularly, it will focus on the investigation of the impacts of different sequences of opening up the goods market. That is, should the government open up international trade simultaneously with the opening up of the domestic trade, i.e. implementing a ‘shock therapy’ approach? Or should the government liberalize the domestic goods market first, and then deregulate the international trade, i.e. following a ‘gradualism’ approach? This paper proves that the gradualism approach by opening up the domestic goods market before liberalization of the international trade can guarantee the successive improvement of everyone's welfare. Therefore, the gradualism approach is a Pareto‐improvement sequence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The helping relationship and program participation in early childhood home visiting
Authors: Korfmacher Jon , Green Beth , Spellmann Mark , Thornburg Kathy R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAs researchers have focused on better understanding those circumstances under which home visiting can lead to positive effects on parent and child outcomes, there has been growing interest in examining variation in the experiences of families within these programs, including the quality of the helping relationships between home visitors and parents. The current study examined how participating mothers perceive the helping relationship, using information collected from the Early Head Start National Research and Evaluation Project. Results suggest that although maternal report of the helping relationship is biased towards positive ratings, it remains a significant predictor of program participation, over and above general program satisfaction. Implications for measurement development and program interventions are discussed.
Can we differentiate sensory over‐responsivity from anxiety symptoms in toddlers? perspectives of occupational therapists and psychologists
Authors: Ben‐Sasson Ayelet , Cermak Sharon A. , Orsmond Gael I. , Carter Alice S. , Fogg Louis 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSuppose a toddler becomes distressed after hearing a loud noise or when getting messy; are these indicators of sensory over‐responsiveness or indicators of anxiety? There is little evidence regarding the distinction between sensory over‐responsivity and anxiety disorders in toddlers. This construct validity study examined differences between occupational therapists' and psychologists' judgments of behaviors as representing sensory processing disorders (SPD) versus anxiety disorders. Twenty‐four occupational therapists and 25 psychologists completed a mailed survey, rating items from sensory and anxiety scales as representing sensory and/or anxiety disorders in toddlers, and analyzing cases of toddlers with these disorders. Occupational therapists were more likely to rate items as representing SPD than psychologists, and occupational therapists were more certain of the distinction of the sensory scales from anxiety. For the case designed to present a general anxiety disorder and the one designed to present sensory over‐responsivity, more occupational therapists diagnosed as sensory over‐responsive, while more psychologists diagnosed with a general anxiety disorder. The overlap in judgments of sensory over‐responsivity and anxiety supports the notion that these constructs in part reflect different professionals' perspectives upon behaviors as well as the difficulty in distinguishing these constructs in toddlers.
Quantitative measurement of telomerase activity and localization of its catalytic subunit (hTERT) in chronic inflammation of capsule formation around various model implants and in sarcomas in a rat model
Authors: Bettendorf O. , Schmidt H. , Eltze E. , Rody A. , Herchenröder F. , Jackisch C. , Böcker W. , Pfleiderer B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTelomerase is upregulated in some preneoplastic lesions and overexpressed in the majority of malignant tumors, but absent in most nonneoplastic somatic tissues. We analyzed telomerase activity using TRAP‐assay in capsule tissues in a rat model with chronic inflammation and in tumor, and visualized the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) by immunhistochemistry. Significant elevated telomerase activity was found in tumor tissue compared with nonneoplastic tissue (p = 0.047). Cases with a strong inflammation in capsule tissue showed a specific telomerase activity. In these cases, there were no significant differences in telomerase activities compared with malignant tumor tissue. We demonstrate elevated telomerase activity and its diagnostic limits around model implants in a rat model, and visualize its expression not only in malignant tissue but also in inflammatory cells. So the quantitative measurement of telomerase activity should not be applied in general as a marker for malignancy in capsule tissue. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
ISBT 128 implementation plan for cellular therapy products
Authors: Ashford Paul , Distler Pat , Gee Adrian , Lankester Alan , Larsson Stella , Feller Irene , Loper Kathy , Pamphilon Derwood , Poston Leigh , Rabe Fran , Slaper‐Cortenbach Ineke , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew , Warkentin Phyllis 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe publication of new standards for terminology and labeling marks an important step in ensuring consistency and traceability of cellular therapies at the global level. However, it is only with the widespread implementation of the standard that the benefits can be truly realized. This paper provides guidance on the practical aspects of adopting these new standards for organizations with differing current levels of computerization. It discusses project management, equipment, licensing, and validation topics. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2007. © 2007 Internal Cellular Therapy Coding and Labeling Advisory Group.
Aminopeptidase O contains a functional nucleolar localization signal and is implicated in vascular biology
Authors: Axton Richard , Wallis Julie A. , Taylor Helen , Hanks Mark , Forrester Lesley M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe have identified a gene trap integration into Aminopeptidase O, the gene encoding a member of the M1 family of metalloproteases. Using the βgal reporter of the gene trap vector, we have revealed that at least some ApO isoforms are expressed predominantly in embryonic and adult blood vessels leading us to propose that ApO plays a role in vascular cell biology. The protein produced from an engineered Gfp‐ApO fusion cDNA localises to the nucleolus in transfected COS7 cells. We confirm that indeed the APO protein contains a functional nucleolar localisation domain by demonstrating that GFP‐APO fusion proteins that lack the predicted nucleolar localisation signal are retained in the cytoplasm. We report the existence of multiple alternatively spliced Apo isoforms that differ with respect to the presence of exons encoding important functional domains. Alternative splicing predictably produces protein products with or without the catalytic domain and/or a nucleolar localisation signal and therefore likely represents an important mechanism in regulating the biological activity of APO that has been reported to cleave one of the peptides of the renin angiotensin pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1171–1182, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compatible circuit decompositions of 4‐regular graphs
Authors: Fleischner Herbert , Genest François , Jackson Bill 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA transition system T of an Eulerian graph G is a family of partitions of the edges incident to each vertex of G into transitions, that is, subsets of size two. A circuit decomposition $\cal C$ of G is compatible with T if no pair of adjacent edges of G is both a transition of T and consecutive in a circuit of $\cal C$. We give a conjectured characterization of when a 4‐regular graph has a transition system which admits no compatible circuit decomposition. We show that our conjecture is equivalent to the statement that the complete graph on five vertices and the graph with one vertex and two loops are the only essentially 6‐edge‐connected 4‐regular graphs which have a transition system which admits no compatible circuit decomposition. In addition, we show that our conjecture would imply the Circuit Double Cover Conjecture. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Graph Theory 56: 227–240, 2007
Homologies of the longissimus, iliocostalis, and hypaxial muscles in the anterior presacral region of extant diapsida
Authors: Tsuihiji Takanobu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHomologies of muscles of the m. longissimus and m. iliocostalis groups in the dorsal and cervical regions, as well as those of the subvertebral muscles and mm. intercostales externi that continue from the dorsal into the cervical regions, in extant Diapsida are proposed based on detailed dissections and published accounts of lepidosaurs, crocodylians, and birds. The morphology of tendons and innervation patterns suggest that the avian “m. iliocostalis” in the dorsal region include the homologs of both m. longissimus and m. iliocostalis in non‐avian diapsids. The conserved nature of the morphology of tendons in palaeognath birds also revealed that the avian mm. intertransversarii in the cervical region consist of muscles of the both m. longissimus and m. iliocostalis groups despite having been treated as a single series of muscles, and thus are not homologous with muscles of the same name in Lepidosauria or Crocodylia. The avian mm. inclusi that lie medial to mm. intertransversarii are homologous with mm. intercostales externi in Lepidosauria and mm. intercostales externi and m. scalenus combined in Crocodylia. Innervation patterns suggest that a muscle (“m. iliocostalis capitis”) connecting the atlas rib and occiput in Crocodylia includes contributions from the subvertebral layer and m. cucullaris complex, and possibly m. iliocostalis as well. The present findings may serve as a basis for revising the currently used avian nomenclature so that it will reflect homologies of muscles with their non‐avian counterparts. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics and fate of the spermatozoa of Inachus phalangium (Decapoda, Majidae): Description of novel sperm structures and evidence for an additional mechanism of sperm competition in brachyura
Authors: Rorandelli Rocco , Paoli Francesco , Cannicci Stefano , Mercati David , Giusti Fabiola 
Published: September 2007

AbstractVarious aspects of the reproductive anatomy of the spider crab Inachus phalangium are investigated utilizing light and electron microscopy. Spermatozoal ultrastructure reveals the presence of a glycocalyx in the peripheral region of the periopercular rim, never recorded before in crustacean sperm cells. Sperm cell morphological traits such as semi‐lunar acrosome shape, centrally perforate and flat operculum, and absence of a thickened ring, are shared only with Macropodia longirostris, confirming a close phylogenetic relationship of these species and their separation from the other members of the family Majidae. Spermatozoa are transferred to females inside spermatophores of different sizes, but during ejaculate transfer, larger spermatophores might be ruptured by tooth‐like structures present on the ejaculatory canal of the male first gonopod, releasing free sperm cells. Such a mechanism could represent the first evidence of a second form of sperm competition in conflict with sperm displacement, the only mechanism of sperm competition known among Brachyura, enabling paternity for both dominant and smaller, non‐dominant, males. In addition, we propose several hypotheses concerning the remote and proximal causes of the existence of large seminal receptacles in females of I. phalangium. Among these, genetically diverse progeny, reduction of sexual harassment and phylogenetic retention seem the most plausible, while acquisition of nutrients from seminal fluids, demonstrated in other arthropods, and suggested by previous studies, could be discarded on the basis of the presented data. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New interpretations of the skull of a primitive bony fish Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii: Cladistia)
Authors: Claeson Kerin M. , Bemis William E. , Hagadorn James W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPolypterid fishes are considered the basalmost group of extant actinopterygians and may be a direct link to understanding the systematics and evolution of the first bony fishes. Several investigations have been conducted on one member genus, Polypterus; however, since the first specimens of its sister taxon Erpetoichthys calabaricus were described, remarkably little work has been done on the species. We review terminology critical to understanding cranial morphology in polypterids and present a new description of the skull of E. calabaricus as observed through classical methods of skeletal preparation, X‐radiographic microfocus computed tomography, and 3D‐digital reconstruction. Differences among E. calabaricus and at least three species of Polypterus (P. bichir, P. senegalus, and P. endlicheri), besides the gross variation in size, include an overall elongation of the skull roof observable in most elements of E. calabaricus with a shortening of most associated processes. In addition, several elements present in species of Polypterus are absent in E. calabaricus. As a result, Polypterus should not be used as a proxy for the family Polypteridae to the exclusion of E. calabaricus in phylogenetic studies, which examine early actinopterygians. Each should be treated separately, to resolve inter‐ and intrarelationships of Polypteridae. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anthropogenic heat release in an old European agglomeration (Toulouse, France)
Authors: Pigeon G. , Legain D. , Durand P. , Masson V. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe anthropogenic heat release, QF, has been estimated for the old European agglomeration of Toulouse (France) from February 2004 to March 2005 in the frame of the CAPITOUL experiment. Surface energy balance (SEB) measurements have been conducted at a downtown site, over a dense urban area. A method is proposed to estimate QF at the local scale around this site from observations, as the daily residual term of the SEB equation. The values obtained from this method are in agreement with what can be expected: QF estimates are around 70 W m−2 during winter and 15 W m−2 during summer. On a larger scale (that of the agglomeration), an energy consumption inventory was conducted for the period of the field campaign with a 1‐day temporal resolution and a 100‐m spatial resolution. The estimates of QF obtained with this second method were analysed at the local scale around the measurements site, and compared with estimates computed from the energy budget observations. For the winter period, both estimates are in good agreement. For the summer period, the method based on SEB measurements seems to underestimate QF which is estimated around 30 W m−2 from the inventory. The simultaneous estimate of QF, with these two independent methods is a strength of this study.At the scale of the agglomeration, the basal state of energy consumption (observed during the summer period) varies between 25 W m−2 for the densest areas to less than 5 W m−2 for the residential suburban areas. In the regions crossed by the major roads, the traffic is the major source during summer. Then during the winter period, QF can reach 100 W m−2 in the densest areas of Toulouse whereas it ranges between 5 and 25 W m−2 in the suburban areas. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Urban shading—a design option for the tropics? A study in Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Emmanuel R. , Rosenlund H. , Johansson E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRecent urban microclimate studies in Colombo, Sri Lanka, indicate that the maximum daily temperature within street canyons decreases with increasing height to width (H/W) ratio, but higher H/W ratio negatively affects street‐level wind flow. There is also evidence pointing to the cooling effect of sea breeze. The nocturnal heat island is small in contrast to daytime urban–rural differences. In this paper, we use the software ENVI‐met to simulate the effect of different urban design options on air and surface temperatures, as well as on outdoor thermal comfort. The latter is expressed as the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), an index based on air and radiant temperatures as well as wind and humidity. It is found that high albedo at street level gives the lowest air temperature during daytime, although the reduction is only about 1 °C. The lowest daytime mean radiant temperatures result from high H/W ratios of streets. This has a positive effect on thermal comfort; the increase of H/W ratio from about 1 to 3 leads to a decrease in PET by about 10 °C. Differences in air and surface temperatures, as well as PET, are small during the night. The results show that strategies that lead to better air temperature mitigation may not necessarily lead to better thermal comfort. However, shade enhancement through increased H/W ratios is clearly capable of significant reductions in PET, and thus, improved outdoor thermal comfort. Consequently, a critical urban design task in the humid tropics will be to guide the rapid urban growth towards efficient ‘shade growth’. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society