bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singularity formation for the cylindrically symmetric rotating relativistic Euler equations of Chaplygin gases
Authors: Hu Yanbo , Guo Houbin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper studies the formation of singularities in smooth solutions of the relativistic Euler equations of Chaplygin gases with cylindrically symmetric rotating structures. This is a nonhomogeneous hyperbolic system with highly nonlinear structures and fully linearly degenerating characteristic fields. We introduce a pair of auxiliary functions and use the characteristic decomposition technique to overcome the influence of the rotating structures in the system. It is verified that smooth solutions develop into a singularity in finite time and the mass-energy density tends to infinity at the blowup point for a type of rotating initial data.
Shadowing for nonuniformly hyperbolic maps in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Ren Xiankun , Zhou Yunhua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We prove a shadowing lemma for nonuniformly hyperbolic maps in Hilbert spaces. As applications, we firstly prove that the positive Lyapunov exponents of a hyperbolic ergodic measure µ can be approximated by positive Lyapunov exponents of atomic measures on hyperbolic periodic orbits; secondly, give an upper estimation of metric entropy by using the exponential growth rate of the number of such periodic points that their atomic measures approximate µ and their positive Lyapunov exponents approximate the positive Lyapunov exponents of µ.
A label free nano biosensor for the detection of E.coli using cysteine capped gold nanoparticle
Authors: R Maguteeswaran , A Evarshini , Samuel Vimala Rani , Pondurai Sampath 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study presents a novel one-pot synthesis method to generate positively charged gold nanoparticles (+) Au NPs, utilizing the thiol-containing amino acid cysteine as a capping agent. The resulting Cys-Au NPs displayed a self-assembled monolayer of uniformly sized gold nanoparticles with the diameter of size 36 nM and demonstrated a distinct color change and absorbance shift from 530 to 512 nm when exposed to E. coli, enabling the development of a colorimetric biosensor for rapid and reliable detection of the bacteria. Cys-Au NPs were characterized using spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy); X-ray diffractometer analysis and the photophysical properties of the particles towards E. coli were investigated through absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric tests. The electrostatic binding between Cys-Au NPs and the negatively charged E. coli cell wall facilitated the sensor’s specificity. The biosensor exhibited a detection limit of 2.2 × 102 CFU/mL, with a linear detection range between 2.2 × 10¹ and 2.2 × 104 CFU/mL. The sensor’s applicability extends to the detection of E. coli in potable water, presenting significant potential in food safety and clinical diagnostics. This innovative detection method provides a quick and efficient means of identifying E. coli in water samples, offering broad applications in various fields, including rapid bacterial detection, food safety, and clinical diagnostics.
Complexity-free charged anisotropic Finch-Skea model satisfying Karmarkar condition
Authors: Khan S , Yousaf Z 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBy making use of the extended geometric deformation (EGD) approach, this work explores the charged anisotropic Finch-Skea solution satisfying the Karmarkar condition. The implementation of EGD-approach splits the original gravitational source into perfect and anisotropic fluid configurations. We employ Herrera’s complexity factor Herrera L (2018Phys. Rev.D97044010) formalism to develop theoretical models characterizing the role of complexity in the Finch-Skea solution. The use of the Karmarkar condition enables us to derive a solution for the isotropic, charged spherical configuration by defining a Finch-Skea metric that evaluates the deformation functions. The Finch-Skea ansatz serves as a valuable seed model for solving the seed-gravitational source, however, the zero-complexity constraint is employed to solve the remaining set of anisotropic equations. We match the interior metric manifold attributed to the spherically symmetric ansatz with the classical Reissner-Nordström metric. We examined the influence of gravitational decoupling on the anisotropic Finch-Skea solution. We also analyzed the physical viability of the presented results using graphical representations for the thermodynamic variables.
Spectroscopic and electronic investigations on tin(II) 2,3-naphthalocyanine/p-Si heterojunction for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Hassanien A M , Darwish A A A , Kamal A M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The spectroscopic and electronic properties of small-molecular organic semiconductors in thin films are a significant aspect that controls the performance of their optical/optoelectronic devices. A heterojunction of thermal vacuum deposited film of tin(II)2,3-naphthalocyanine (SnNc) dye onto a p-type Si wafer (SnNc/p-Si) was fabricated. The morphology of SnNc thin film onto Si wafer was explored using the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The specular reflectance and the fluorescent properties of SnNc thin film onto Si wafer were investigated. The PL emission spectra of SnNc/p-Si emission bands are related to the B and Q absorption bands for SnNc. The spectral behavior of the refractive index and the specific polarizability for both SnNc/Glass and SnNc/p-Si were extracted. Under varying temperatures (298–378 K), the electronic properties of the SnNc/p-Si heterojunction were analyzed in dark conditions. The diode parameters of SnNc/p-Si heterojunctions, which exhibited temperature-dependent behavior, were extracted from the current–voltage (I-V) procedure. According to the Cheung-Cheung and Norde procedure, the essential electrical diode parameters of the SnNc/p-Si device, such as the ideality factor, the series resistance, and barrier height, were estimated. The photoconductivity parameters, such as the photocurrent, the sensitivity, and the responsivity of the SnNc/p-Si devices, were estimated. These findings can be helpful and utilized in optoelectronic and organic electronic applications.
A simple naked eye detection of Pb2+ on a gold nanocluster decorated disposable paper spot arrays
Authors: Kumara B N , Naveen M H , Sonia J , Rafi Mohammed , Bang Jin Ho , Prasad K Sudhakara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Among all the heavy metal ions, Lead (Pb2+) has become a serious threat to human health and the environment. It is vital to develop an accurate system to monitor the Pb2+ level. Fluorescent and colorimetric sensors are one such system to detect Pb2+ with high accuracy. Herein, we used thiolated gold nanoclusters (GNC) decorated paper spot arrays for the detection of Pb2+ through a simple colorimetric method. The prepared GNC and the developed complex were well-studied using various characterizations. The addition of Pb2+ to GNC results in a slight shift in the absorption spectra from 485 nm to 534 nm. Further, GNC showed a broad emission peak centered around 650 nm, and the addition of Pb2+ resulted in an enhancement in the peak intensity, due to cation-induced-aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). The HR-TEM analysis confirms the spherical shape of the prepared GNCs with an average size of 2.60 nm. Whereas, the addition of Pb2+ onto GNC leads to the formation of an aggregated structure of size 6.17 nm due to the formation of a chelation complex. The GNC showed a particle size of 2 nm with a zeta potential of −16.45 mV, whereas the Pb2+@GNC complex exhibited an increment in an average size to 96 nm having a zeta potential of −19.67 mV, substantially demonstrating the capturing of Pb2+ by GNC. Overall, spectroscopic and surface morphology studies indicated aggregated induced emission (AIE) phenomena between GNC and Pb2+. The selective detection of Pb2+ by GNC was observed by the appearance of salmon pink to mauves colour and was captured using a smartphone. The developed paper spot array can detect up to 10 ppm of Pb2+. Further, the developed probe showed a distinguishable color change for Pb2+ along with other cations of interest such as Hg2+, Mg2+, K+, Mn2+, and Fe2+. Therefore, the present paper spot array could detect Pb2+ even in the presence of other metal ions due to its evident distinguishability. The fabricated GNC-embedded paper spot array obeys the new REASSURED criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and could be used for on-spot detection of Pb2+.
Electrostatic anharmonicity in cylindrical Penning traps induced by radial holes to the trap center
Authors: Chimwal Deepak , Kumar Sugam , Joshi Yash , Lal Aditya Aryan , Nair Lekha , Quint Wolfgang , Vogel Manuel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a systematic and quantitative investigation of the electrostatic anharmonicity in cylindrical Penning traps that is induced by the presence of radial holes for access to the trap center. The expected distortion of the electrostatic potential is studied as a function of the relative hole size, shape, arrangement, and number.
μ2mech: A software package combining microstructure modeling and mechanical property prediction
Authors: Linda Albert , Negi Ankit Singh , Panwar Vishal , Chafle Rupesh , Bhowmick Somnath , Das Kaushik , Mukherjee Rajdip 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We have developed a graphical user interface (GUI) based package μ2mech to perform phase-field simulation for predicting microstructure evolution. The package can take inputs from ab initio calculations and CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) tools for quantitative microstructure prediction. The package also provides a seamless connection to transfer output from the mesoscale phase field method to the microscale finite element analysis for mechanical property prediction. Such a multiscale simulation package can facilitate microstructure-property correlation, one of the cornerstones in accelerated materials development within the integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) framework.
Azimuthal modulation of light propagation through 1DPCs via efficient nonlinear frequency mixing
Authors: Batoo Khalid Mujasam , Al-Dolaimy F , Al-Shukarji Ali Hisham , Abdulridui Ussam Abdali , Hussain Sajjad , Abbas Jamal K , Shaghnab Murtadha Laftah , Ramadan Montather F , Alawadi Ahmed , Alsalamy Ali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the transmitted and reflected light beams from a one-dimensional defect photonic crystal (1DPC) composed of a three-level ladder-type quantum system. The lower leg of the ladder scheme is driven by a weaker probe beam, while the upper leg is driven by a stronger control beam. Unlike natural atoms, this type of model with broken symmetry permits the generation of a sum-frequency signal beam between the majority of higher and lower quantum states, resulting in the formation of a cyclic closed-loop arrangement for the interaction between light and matter. The Laguerre Gaussian (LG) field with strong coupling and a weak probe light interact with the quantum system. A new weak signal light is produced as a result of the system’s symmetric breakdown, and the medium becomes azimuthal dependent. We investigate the spatial dependence of the transmitted and reflected light from a defect 1DPC by using azimuthal modulation of the LG light. Additionally, we will discuss how the absorption spectrum’s spatial modulation varies with winding numbers. We discover that in certain regions, the gain can be realized without population inversion under certain specified parametric parameters.
Rapid detection and recognition of phosphors using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and principal component analysis method—back propagation neural network algorithm
Authors: Shen Lingbin , Tian Liping , Yao Hongbing , Tian Dongpeng , Ge Yifan , Sun Zhongmou , Liu Yuzhu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rapid detection and quality monitoring of phosphor materials have always been a difficult problem in phosphor materials market. In this work, an independently proposed method based on principal component analysis method—error back propagation neural network algorithm—laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (PCA-BPNN-LIBS) was used for the detection and recognition of phosphors. Firstly, spectroscopic study was carried out on phosphor material samples, and the composition of phosphor elements was analyzed according to the full emission spectrum. Spectral data with different element characteristics detected by LIBS were used as training data sets for further identification. Then PCA method and BPNN algorithm were applied to identify 4 types phosphor samples (P11, P20, P43, P46). A very clear distinction graph was obtained, and the classification accuracy of 99.93% was verified. Allresults show that the proposed PCA-BPNN-LIBS method is an effective method for rapid analysis and recognition of phosphors.
An identity-verifiable quantum threshold group signature scheme based on three-particle GHZ states
Authors: Zhiming Deng  , Lu Dianjun , Chen Teng , Yao Weixin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the advancement of the new generation of information technology in recent years, quantum digital signatures have been widely concerned. Among them, quantum threshold group signatures have become a hot research field due to their advantages such as low cost and strong scalability. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an identity-verifiable quantum threshold group signature scheme based on three-particle GHZ states. The characteristics of the scheme are as follows. The signers can reconstruct the key K for signature’s generation and verification by using the Shamir threshold secret sharing scheme. A quantum signature is generated by performing controlled-not operations, von Neumann measurements, and quantum Fourier transform. When the signature is verified, only classical hash values need to be compared, without comparing quantum states. Identity verification is performed between participants by using hash functions. The efficiency of the scheme is improved by using super-dense coding. Security analysis shows that our scheme is unforgeable and undeniable.
Avoidance of axonal stimulation with sinusoidal epiretinal stimulation
Authors: Corna Andrea , Cojocaru Andreea-Elena , Bui Mai Thu , Werginz Paul , Zeck Günther 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Neuromodulation, particularly electrical stimulation, necessitates high spatial resolution to achieve artificial vision with high acuity. In epiretinal implants, this is hindered by the undesired activation of distal axons. Here, we investigate focal and axonal activation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in epiretinal configuration for different sinusoidal stimulation frequencies. Approach. RGC responses to epiretinal sinusoidal stimulation at frequencies between 40 and 100 Hz were tested in ex-vivo photoreceptor degenerated (rd10) isolated retinae. Experiments were conducted using a high-density CMOS-based microelectrode array, which allows to localize RGC cell bodies and axons at high spatial resolution. Main results. We report current and charge density thresholds for focal and distal axon activation at stimulation frequencies of 40, 60, 80, and 100 Hz for an electrode size with an effective area of 0.01 mm2. Activation of distal axons is avoided up to a stimulation amplitude of 0.23 µA (corresponding to 17.3 µC cm−2) at 40 Hz and up to a stimulation amplitude of 0.28 µA (14.8 µC cm−2) at 60 Hz. The threshold ratio between focal and axonal activation increases from 1.1 for 100 Hz up to 1.6 for 60 Hz, while at 40 Hz stimulation frequency, almost no axonal responses were detected in the tested intensity range. With the use of synaptic blockers, we demonstrate the underlying direct activation mechanism of the ganglion cells. Finally, using high-resolution electrical imaging and label-free electrophysiological axon tracking, we demonstrate the extent of activation in axon bundles. Significance. Our results can be exploited to define a spatially selective stimulation strategy avoiding axonal activation in future retinal implants, thereby solving one of the major limitations of artificial vision. The results may be extended to other fields of neuroprosthetics to achieve selective focal electrical stimulation.
Field tests for performance evaluation of a new spent-fuel verification system in heavy water reactor
Authors: Kwak Sung-Woo , Kim Hojik , Kim Jisu , Kim Yewon , Lim Kyung Taek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The optical fiber-based measurement system has been utilized for inspecting CANDU-type
spent fuel at the Wolsung site in South Korea under the nuclear safeguards of the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In our previous studies, we developed a new spent-fuel verification
system to address issues of the existing instrument. While our prior work primarily focused on
equipment development, we had not yet conducted comprehensive field tests to assess its
performance. Recently, we conducted field tests at the Wolsung Unit 4 to thoroughly evaluate the
newly developed spent-fuel verification system's performance. This paper discusses the results of
these field tests, with a focus on signal sensitivity, the system's capability to distinguish
neighboring spent-fuel bundles, and the optical fiber background signals. Additionally, we
conducted experiments to assess how different scintillation materials impact the system's
performance, including p-terphenyl organic scintillator, PVT plastic scintillator, and lithium
glass scintillator. The experimental results demonstrated that the new instrument equipped with
the p-terphenyl organic scintillator outperformed the existing system. The p-terphenyl
scintillator emerged as the superior choice among the three radiation scintillators. Signals that
were previously undetectable using the Li glass scintillator were observed in the signals obtained
with the p-terphenyl and PVT plastic scintillators. The remarkable performance of the new
verification instrument is attributed mainly to the p-terphenyl's high light output and low decay
time. The newly developed verification system is expected to streamline IAEA safeguards inspection
efforts, reducing both time and the burden on nuclear operators. This report represents the first
successful application of the p-terphenyl scintillator as a radiation detector in a wet spent fuel
pool. The experimental findings presented in this paper are anticipated to be valuable for
researchers working on radiation detectors suitable for high radiation environments in water.
The DarkSide-20k experiment
Authors: Zani A. ,   the DarkSide-20k collaboration
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The DarkSide-20k experiment represents the present goal of the Global Argon Dark Matter
Collaboration program. Bringing together the experience from previous argon-based detectors, as
well as the knowledge gained on large volume membrane cryostats developed within the DUNE program,
the community is now building a dual-phase LAr-TPC equipped with SiPM arrays for light
readout. The main goal of the experiment is to discover or to extend the current sensitivity
limits on the search for dark matter WIMP-like particles. Currently, the experiment has entered
the construction phase and the external cryostat is being put in place at Laboratori Nazionali del
Gran Sasso (LNGS), Italy. Detector construction will follow, and data taking is expected to start
in late 2026. This contribution will introduce the DarkSide detector and goals, and it will
report on the ongoing construction of the underground infrastructure at LNGS. Finally, it will
concentrate on the current activities on large arrays of silicon light detectors, that are at the
base of the construction of the detector light readout system.
The PETALO project
Authors: Iguiñiz Nerea Salor ,   the PETALO collaboration
Published: March 2024

Abstract
PETALO (Positron Emission TOF Apparatus with Liquid xenOn) is a project that uses liquid xenon as a scintillation medium, silicon photomultipliers as a readout and fast electronics to provide a significant improvement in PET-TOF technology. Liquid xenon allows one to build a continuous detector with a high stopping power for 511 keV gammas. In addition, SiPMs enable a fast and accurate measurement of the time and energy with a small dark count rate at the low temperatures required by liquid xenon. PETit, the first PETALO prototype built at IFIC (Valencia), consists of an aluminum box with one volume of liquid xenon and two planes of VUV SiPMs, which register the scintillation light emitted in xenon by the gammas coming from a 22Na radioactive source placed in the middle. The liquid xenon volume is divided in small, highly reflective cells to enhance light collection.
The first results of energy resolution are presented.
Measurement of UKRI-MPW0 after irradiation: an HV-CMOS prototype for high radiation tolerance
Authors: Zhang C. , Hammerich J. , Powell S. , Vilella E. , Wade B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
UKRI-MPW0 was developed to further improve the radiation tolerance of HV-CMOS pixel sensors. It implements a novel sensor cross-section that uses backside-only biasing to allow high substrate bias voltages > 600 V. In this contribution, the measured results of irradiated UKRI-MPW0 samples are presented, including their current-to-voltage (I-V) characteristics, depletion depth and pixel performance. The chip is proved to have survived high radiation fluence of 3 × 1015 neq/cm2.
Local feature expansion Vision Transformer model for bearing fault diagnosis under noise environments
Authors: Zhang Xinliang , Xie Hongbin , Zhou Yitian , Jia Lijie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Vision Transformer (ViT) shows potential in bearing fault
diagnosis due to its multi-head self-attention mechanism and
parallel feature extraction network which are efficient to achieve
the robust complete feature representation of the fault. However,
its adaption to the noise interference relies on the sufficient huge
amount of training samples to prepare the local features of the
fault and may suffer performance degradation when only a limited
number of samples are available for the model training. To combat
this challenge, an improved ViT diagnosis model based on the local
feature expansion, i.e., LFE-ViT, is proposed. An auxiliary feature
extraction block is introduced using a local feature expansion
network and works as a parallel module with the ViT encoder. Through
the enlargement of the receptive field, the multi-scale local
features on a high dimensional space are available upon the limited
samples. Then, through a feature embedding channel, the extracted
local features are transmitted to the ViT encoder. Finally, by
virtue of the multi-head self-attention mechanism to capture the
time sequence global information, a fault diagnosis model comprising
comprehensively local and global feature information is
derived. Experimental validation on the bearing fault dataset from
Case Western Reserve University shows that LFE-ViT has provided a
rather satisfactory diagnosis performance under limited samples and
noise environment.
Improving convergence of generalised Rosenbluth sampling for branched polymer models by uniform sampling
Authors: Roberts T , Prellberg T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Sampling with the generalised atmospheric Rosenbluth method (GARM) is a technique for estimating the distributions of lattice polymer models that has had some success in the study of linear polymers and lattice polygons. In this paper we will explain how and why such sampling appears not to be effective for many models of branched polymers. Analysing the algorithm on a simple binary tree, we argue that the fundamental issue is an inherent bias towards extreme configurations that is costly to correct with reweighting techniques. We provide a solution to this by applying uniform sampling methods to the atmospheres that are central to GARM. We caution that the ensuing computational complexity often outweighs the improvements gained.