bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGU Sonar Data Restriction Panel
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The AGU Council accepted the report of the panel set up in February to study the issue of restriction by the U.S. Navy of access to high‐resolution sonar data for the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. Panel chairman John Bossier announced that “the Navy has acted in the best interests of the nation” in lifting the restriction order. Only two areas, egress routes to two submarine bases (see “Navy Defines Areas Under Sonar Ban,” in News, this issue), remain restricted.Panel members were Bruce Douglas, Alexander Malahoff, Donald Piepgras, Paul Richards, David Smith and Manik Talwani.
1989 Sullivan Award: Walter Sullivan honored with AGU's New Award for Excellence in Science Journalism
Authors: Briscoe Melbourne G. 
Published: October 2006

Thank you, Mr. President, for the opportunity to be here at the AGU Spring Meeting to present this award.Walter Seager Sullivan, Jr., is listed in Current Biography as “born 1918, journalist.” This is like listing Arnold Palmer as a “golfer;” it is true, but it misses the point.
IAHS Third Scientific Assembly Reports
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The introduction to reports from ITSA, held in Baltimore, Md., May 10–19, and summaries of the first week's two symposia were published in last month's WaterWatch (Eos, August 22). This WaterWatch continues the summaries of high points of this Scientific Assembly, third in the series of which the first was held in Exeter, England in July 1982 and the second was held in Budapest, Hungary, in July 1986.A highlight of the first week was a guest lecture by Peter S. Eagleson, Past President of AGU and professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. As chairman of the Committee on Opportunities in the Hydrologic Science of the National Research Council's Water Science and Technology Board, Eagleson presented the results of the committee's survey (see “Profiles of the Hydrologic Community,” Eos, May 23, p. 612).
Groundwater management
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The IAHS field trip Groundwater Effects of Urban and Agricultural Management, on May 13, was planned to show the effect of urban and agricultural “best management practices” (BMPs) on ground‐water quality and hydrology. The research is done at several sites in Maryland, where observation‐well networks provide information on the groundwater system, and data are being collected on precipitation and surface or storm‐water characteristics at each site.The first stop after leaving Baltimore was in Jefferson Patterson State Park in Calvert County, where agricultural BMPs are in use. There the attendees heard descriptions of the various phases of BMPs that have been implemented during data collection, viewed the data‐collection network, and learned about the statistical and computer modeling analysis of the data.
Acid rain effects
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The IAHS held trip Acid Rain in the Appalachian Mountains, on May 13, focused on monitoring and analysis of the potential effects of acid rain in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. At Luray, Va., the tour intercepted the Skyline Drive and proceeded south along the top of the mountains, with views of the Shenandoah Valley to the west and the Piedmont to the east.The research sites were a meteorological station where cloud and fog chemistry is being investigated and an instrumented small watershed where the fate of acid inputs is being studied. The research project combines micrometeorology, climatology, environmental chemistry, hydrology, and biology to describe and predict the response of a mature deciduous forest to its environment. Through this integrated approach, the complex atmospheric processes, biological processes, and biogeochemical cycling in an ecosystem can be understood.
Systems analysis
Authors: Shamir, U. , Loucks D. P. 
Published: October 2006

The IAHS symposium Systems Analysis for Water Resources Management: Closing the Gap Between Theory and Practice was held May 17–19, organized by the IAHS International Commission on Water Resources Systems (ICWRS).The opinions expressed by the authors of the 31 papers scheduled for presentation and by the discussants on whether a gap exists, its magnitude, and reasons for its existence, varied considerably and covered a wide range of situations and applications. While some expressed concern about the continuing gap, many demonstrated that—when proper attention is paid to the personnel, institutional, and political concerns—developers of sound water resources management methods and tools can indeed have a positive influence on management of water resources systems.
Greenhouse policy study from NAS
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The National Academy of Sciences will produce a study for the Environmental Protection Agency on policy responses to global warming. The report is due out before the end of 1990.Dan J. Evans, former U.S. Senator and former Governor of Washington, will chair a panel of the Commission on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, a body of the councils of the NAS, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. Evans is a registered civil engineer and previously chaired the Pacific Northwest Electric Power and Conservation Planning Council.The 13‐person panel includes AGU members Stephen Schneider of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and Robert Frosch, Vice President of Research Laboratores at General Motors Corp., Jessica Mathews, Vice President of the World Resources Institute, and Sir Crispin Tickell, the United Kingdom's Ambassador to the United Nations.
Editor's Citations: Excellence in Refereeing
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The reviewers whose photographs appear below have been cited by editors of AGU's journals for excellence in refereeing. The time and diligence contributed by these reviewers enhance the quality of AGU's journals. The editor's citation recognizes this special service to the Union, and the individuals who are listed below are to be commended for consistently providing constructive and thoughtful reviews.This is the first of a three‐part series featuring the reviewers cited for excellence.
Vehicle‐environment interaction workshop
Authors: Slanger T. J. 
Published: October 2006

On February 20–21, 1988, the Vehicle‐Environment Interaction Workshop was held at the Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Md., to evaluate the current understanding of the physical and chemical processes that occur when vehicles in low Earth orbit (LEO) interact with the ambient atmosphere, the unique characteristic of this environment being 8‐km/s impact velocity of the incoming atoms and molecules. Most of the papers on the first day were devoted to the phenomenology and interpretation of space vehicle glows, whereas on the second day, laboratory investigations and discussions of charged particle interactions were presented.The unambiguous recognition of the phenomenon of spacecraft glows occurred when the astronauts on shuttle flight STS‐3, in March 1982, visually observed an orange glow on the shuttle surfaces visible from the flight deck [Banks et al., 1983]. Photographs showed that the glow was strongest on surfaces facing into the incoming atmosphere (the ram direction) and that it decayed with increasing distance from the surface, with a characteristic length on the order of 20 cm. The glow intensity was seen to be strongly enhanced when the rear attitude control thrusters were fired, when both surface‐related and homogenous glows were observed.
CFCs: A larger greenhouse role
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The extreme sensitivity of the atmosphere to human intervention is demonstrated by new evidence of the rapidly expanding role of chlorofluorocarbons in greenhouse warming.A new study indicates that CFCs, present in just a few parts per billion in the atmosphere, are responsible for fully a quarter of greenhouse warming over the last decade, more than previously estimated. Projections suggest that if CFC production had not declined after 1974 the compounds would today be the largest single trace gas cause of climate change, responsible for nearly as much eventual warming as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide combined.
Climate and global change: Characteristics of NOAA satellite data
Authors: Ohring G. , Gallo K. , Gruber A. , Planet W. , Stowe L. , Tarpley J. D. 
Published: October 2006

The principal finding of an International Council of Scientific Unions ICSU)/Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) ad hoc group on Remote Sensing for Global Change [Rasool, 1987] was that “The current international operational satellite system, augmented with the technology developed by research missions and supported by validation experiments and a comprehensive data system, could provide the basis for a global change observing system.” The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's environmental satellites represent a significant part of the international system.NOAA manages a NOAA series of polar orbiters and a Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series of geostationary satellites. A NOAA satellite can view each point on the Earth's surface every 12 hours, at approximately the same local time each overpass. An attempt is made to maintain two NOAA satellites in orbit at all times, a so‐called afternoon “bird” with nominal observing times of 2 P.M. and 2 A.M. and a morning bird with observations at 7 A.M. and 7 P.M. A GOES satellite hovering over the equator views continuously the surface of the Earth within 60° Earth central angle of the subsatellite point. NOAA operates a two‐GOES system, one nominally stationed at 75°W and the other at 135°W.
A future for models?
Authors: Posey C. J. 
Published: October 2006

During times when overshot and undershot water wheels provided power for turning millstones, much depended upon the miller's judgment. “A big order is coming in tomorrow. Better shut down this afternoon. The trash rack needs to be cleaned and the flash boards raised.” Common sense could solve most of the problems in those days. It had to, if business was to continue.As the industrial revolution progressed, generation of electricity became a possibility. Higher rotational speeds than could be obtained by belts, pulleys, or gears were needed. Ingenious though the miller might have been, he had to depend on engineers who understood electricity and high‐velocity flow to mate water wheels to dynamos. Enough engineers did, and by making tests of a variety of designs, often with small‐scale runners, were able to guarantee the efficiency of hydroelectric generators suitable for a variety of sites. The miller was thus relieved of the “high‐tech” decision. Now all important decisions fall to his successors, the utility companies, with assistance(?) from the State Utilities Boards and the National Securities and Exchange Commission.
Geodetic control for tide gauges
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The International Association for Physical Sciences (IAPSO), Commission on Mean Sea Level and Tides, Geodetic Committee, has completed a report entitled “Geodetic Fixing of Tide Gauge Bench Marks”. The report is the result of a three‐day workshop held at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Mass., in November 1988, cosponsored by WHOI, IAPSO, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Geodetisists actively engaged in the application of advanced geodetic technologies, including Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), the Global Positioning System (GPS), Satellite Altimetry, and Gravimetry, to the study of change in sea level were asked to: Identify the oceanographic and geophysical requirements for fixing Tide Gauge Bench Marks (TGBMs) in an absolute terrestrial coordinate system. Evaluate the technology available for fixing TGBMs. Make recommendations of a strategy for coordinated global fixing of TGBMs and for making the results centrally available.
LTCS: The Lower Thermosphere Coupling Study of the CEDAR and WITS Programs, an attempt to better understand the “Ignorosphere”
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2006

The atmospheric region extending from the temperature minimum at the tropopause, at about 18 km, to the mesopause (and sometimes higher, depending on context and author) is commonly referred to as the middle atmosphere. It is inaccessible to the large majority of meteorological rockets and satellites. Interactions there are complex and hard to model realistically. The region is so difficult to study that it has affectionately and sometimes despairingly become known as the “ignorosphere.”The mesopause is the temperature minimum occurring in Earth's atmosphere near 90 km and represents the boundary between the mesosphere and thermosphere. The mesosphere lies at 50–90 km altitude and has a negative temperature gradient; the thermosphere lies above 90 km and has a positive temperature gradient (see Figure 1). The thermal and dynamical structure of the region around the mesopause, extending for present purposes from about 80 km to 150 km, is characterized by a diversity of physical processes that dynamically and energetically couple the middle and upper atmosphere.
Hubble Space Telescope arrives
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

After a secret transcontinental flight, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has arrived at the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Fla., where it will be tested in preparation for a March 26, 1990, launch aboard the space shuttle Discovery.The telescope was gingerly transferred from a Lockheed plant in California, where it was assembled, to Florida on an Air Force C‐5 transport plane. The details of the move were not made public because the Air Force moves around top‐secret spy satellites similar to the HST in much the same way as it did the NASA telescope.
Bacon‐Bercey Scholarship awarded to Hamann
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Catherine A. Hamann, a graduate student at Iowa State University, has been selected as the recipient of the 1989 June Bacon‐Bercey Scholarship for Women in Atmospheric Sciences. The scholarship, administered by AGU, is provided through a gift from noted meteorologist June Bacon‐Bercey.Hamann received her B.S. in meteorology from Iowa State University and is currently enrolled as a graduate student in the university's atmospheric sciences program. She is currently working on two research projects. The first project, dealing with the effects of seasonal forcing on planetary waves, is a continuation of work she began as an undergraduate. The second project, in the area of regional cyclogenesis and the stability of non‐parallel flow, is also the subject of her thesis.
The Voyager 2 Neptune encounter
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. 
Published: October 2006

The existence of Neptune was predicted from perturbations observed in the orbital characteristics of the planet Uranus. Two mathematicians, John Couch Adams of England and Jean Joseph Urbain Le Verrier of France, independently predicted its location in 1845 and 1846, respectively. By telescopic sightings from the Berlin Observatory in 1846, Johann Gottfried Galle and Louis Heinrich D'Arrest confirmed Neptune's existence as the eighth planet in the Solar System.Neptune's equatorial diameter is 5 × 105 km, similar to Uranus's. It is 30 Astronomical Units (1 AU = 1.5 × 108 km) from the sun and has an orbital period of 165 years. Before Voyager 2′s encounter, the planet's rotational rate was believed to be between 17 and 18 hours. The planet's rotational axis is tilted 29° relative to its orbital plane. Neptune radiates 2.8 times more energy than it absorbs from sunlight, a greater energy imbalance than exists for any of the other planets. In addition, its density of 1.64 gm cm−3 is greatest among the giant planets. These two extremes may be linked, an indication of an unusual degree of radiogenic heating within Neptune.
DELP Symposium: Tectonics of eastern Asia and western Pacific Continental Margin
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Eastern Asia and the western Pacific make up a broad region of active plate tectonic interaction. The area is a natural laboratory for studying the processes involved in the origin and evolution of volcanic island arcs, marginal basins, accretionary prisims, oceanic trenches, accreted terranes, ophiolite emplacement, and intracontinental deformation. Many of our working concepts of plate tectonics and intraplate deformation were developed in this region, even though details of the geology and geophysics there must be considered of a reconnaissance nature.During the past few years researchers have accumulated a vast amount of new and detailed information and have developed a better understanding of the processes that have shaped the tectonic elements in this region. To bring together scientists from many disciplines and to present the wide range of new data and ideas that offer a broader perspective on the interrelations of geological, geochemical, geophysical and geodetic studies, the symposium Tectonics of Eastern Asia and Western Pacific Continental Margin was held December 13–16, 1988, at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan, under the auspicies of DELP (Dynamics and Evolution of the Lithosphere Project).
British Hydrological Society
Authors: Petts G. E. 
Published: October 2006

The British Hydrological Society was formed in November 1983 in response to a growing need for a new broadly based national society. It caters to those interested in parts or all of this interdisciplinary subject and currently has more than 500 members. The organization aims to “promote interest and scholarship in both the scientific and applied aspects of hydrology and to foster the involvement of its members in international activities.”The society is an independent body formally associated with the Institution of Civil Engineers and the Institute of Hydrology in recognition of their special interests in hydrology and with a view to serving both the applied and scientific interests of its members. The affairs of the society are managed by a committee elected by its members.
Snow cover and glacier variations
Authors: Colbeck Sam 
Published: October 2006

This symposium was held May 16, 1989, during the International Association of Hydrological Sciences Third Scientific Assembly in Baltimore, Md. The symposium was sponsored by the International Commission on Snow and Ice.The theme of this symposium centered on the current interest in worldwide changes in snow and ice masses, as well as other topics of interest to snow and ice studies. Attendance of delegates from the Chinese Institute at Lanzhou was particularly welcome because this large delegation was able to introduce and share their work on snow and glaciers with delegates from other countries. There were also stimulating presentations on Soviet work on ice cores and Japanese work on Chinese glaciers. The results of 30 years of records from 2300 stations in China were analyzed to show how the snow accumulation had varied in recent decades. It was also shown that about two‐thirds of the glaciers in China have retreated, most strongly in the 1960s and again in the 1980s. Informal presentations were made of some of the Soviet work on ice cores and of the variations of the snow cores in Hungary in recent winters.
Sediment and the environment
Authors: Hadley Richard F. , Ongley E. D. 
Published: October 2006

This symposium, held May 17–18 during the International Association of Hydrological Sciences Third Scientific Assembly, was organized and sponsored by the International Commission on Continental Erosion. The papers presented dealt with sediment problems and contaminants transport associated with both natural and disturbed environments. Topics discussed were divided into four general groups: sediment‐associated transport of contaminants in nonpoint pollution; erosion control problems associated with mining, construction and waste disposal activities; time lag in sediment movement through drainage networks; and the modeling of runoff and sedimentation.Average attendance at each of the six sessions was about 50 persons. Of the 23 scheduled papers, 21 were presented by the authors; however, the two missing authors were replaced on the program by authors who had submitted abstracts but who did not complete their manuscripts in time for prepublication. Therefore 23 papers were presented and the program was complete. Participation by country was: Bolivia, 1; People's Republic of China, 2; Canada, 4; India, 2; Israel, 1; Netherlands, 2; United Kingdom, 1; and United States, 10.
Earthquake response
Authors: Simpson David , Hough Susan , Lerner‐Lam Arthur , Phinney Robert 
Published: October 2006

The Loma Prieta earthquake in northern California gave geophysicists an unexpected chance to mobilize a team to take portable seismographs to an earthquake region. The magnitude‐7.1 earthquake occurred Tuesday, October 17 at 5:04 P.M. Pacific Daylight Time. Less than 48 hours after the main shock, IRIS consortium seismologists from Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory in Palisades, N.Y., were setting up new, portable equipment around San Francisco.The ability to move quickly to the earthquake area was an unanticipated bonus of two National Science Foundation programs: IRIS, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology in Arlington, Va., and NCEER, the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research in Buffalo, N.Y.
Biogeochemistry of model estuaries
Authors: Windom Herbert L. 
Published: October 2006

The First International Symposium on the Biogeochemistry of Model Estuaries was held May 21–27 in Primosten, Yugoslavia. The goals of the symposium were to bring together scientists from North America and Europe to present results of studies on biogeochemical processes in estuaries, discuss strategies for developing a more fundamental understanding of these processes, and pursue ways to achieve better international cooperation. About fifty scientists attended.A major focus of the symposium was the results from a French‐Yugoslavian cooperative study of the biogeochemistry of the Krka estuary in Yugoslavia. The Krka is a stratified estuary that drains a karsted carbonate watershed. The system provides a model for studying biogeochemical processes in estuaries that receive low suspended solids but relatively high dissolved solids in terrestrial runoff. The project was also an opportunity to examine interfacial processes at the well‐defined density boundary. Results demonstrated the importance of that boundary in controlling the biogeochemistry of the system.
Money for quakes
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

In the wake of a multibillion‐dollar earthquake relief bill for California that quickly passed Congress, the Senate voted to retain the Federal Emergency Management Agency as the lead agency of the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program by passing an amended version of S. 1062, a bill to reorganize NEHRP. In a related action, the Senate added more money for the program to an appropriations bill.On the floor of the Senate October 25, Al Gore (D‐Tenn.) introduced and won approval for an extra $20 million appropriation for NEHRP as an addition to a Continuing Resolution on the Fiscal Year 1990 budget. He compared the October 17 earthquake in northern California to last December's Armenian earthquake, which killed 20,000 people. “The difference between 20,000 dead and less than 100 dead was preparation, preparedness, prevention,” he said