bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mast seeding, predator satiation, and temperature cues in Chionochloa (Poaceae)
Authors: Kelly Dave , Turnbull Matthew H. , Pharis Richard P. , Sarfati Michal S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSnow tussocks (Chionochloa spp.) in New Zealand exhibit extreme mast seeding which is synchronised within and among populations and species over large spatial scales. This masting behaviour satiates three endemic insect seed predators, and the weather cue that triggers heavy flowering has been reported as a very warm austral summer in the year before flowering. Here we elucidate the details of flowering, predator satiation, and temperature cues for Chionochloa. A 22‐year observational data set for Chionochloa pallens from 1,070 m elevation on Mt Hutt, Canterbury, indicates that flowering was highly variable (CV = 1.79) which was effective in predator satiation, and the key cue for heavy flowering was warm temperatures between 1 January and 7 February the year before flowering. Both the number of inflorescences per tussock (the most variable component of reproductive output) and the number of florets per inflorescence were increased. Surprisingly, there were also same‐season effects of temperatures between October and December on the number of inflorescences per tussock produced in late December through February. Experimental warming of tussocks using open‐topped clear plastic enclosure tubes verified the same‐season observations by significantly increasing flowering in the current season, but much less often increased flowering in the subsequent season. A comparison of masting patterns 1990–2008 with altitude in two tussock species, C. pallens and C. macra, indicates that at higher altitudes (ca. 1,580 m vs. 1,070 m) the temperature thresholds for a given flowering effort were lowered. The lowering of thresholds (2.1°C in C. pallens and 1.5°C in C. macra) was similar to the reduction in mean growing‐season air temperatures (2.0°C) found between the sites. Thus, despite different local temperatures at high and low altitude sites, the different populations flowered with a similar intensity each year. The primary benefit of mast seeding in Chionochloa appears to be predator satiation, and the key predator (the cecidomyiid Eucalyptodiplosis chionochloae) has extended diapause. If diapause can be influenced by climate cues, the exact nature of the climate cues will be important to the evolutionary interaction between the plant and its seed predators.
ON FIXED POINTS OF DOUBLY SYMMETRIC RIEMANN SURFACES
Authors: GROMADZKI GRZEGORZ , KOZŁOWSKA-WALANIA EWA 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we study ovals of symmetries and the fixed points of their products on Riemann surfaces of genus g ≥ 2. We show how the number of these points affects the total number of ovals of symmetries. We give a generalisation of Bujalance, Costa and Singerman's theorems in which we show upper bounds for the total number of ovals of two symmetries in terms of g, the order n and the number m of the fixed points of their product, and we show their attainments for n holding some divisibility conditions. Finally, we give an upper bound for m in terms of n and g, and we study conditions under which it has given parity.
A NOTE ON L2-SUMMAND VECTORS IN DUAL SPACES
Authors: AIZPURU ANTONIO , GARCÍA-PACHECO FRANCISCO J 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIt is shown that every L2-summand vector of a dual real Banach space is a norm-attaining functional. As consequences, the L2-summand vectors of a dual real Banach space can be determined by the L2-summand vectors of its predual; for every n ∈ , every real Banach space can be equivalently renormed so that the set of norm-attaining functionals is n-lineable; and it is easy to find equivalent norms on non-reflexive dual real Banach spaces that are not dual norms.
CROSS-CONSTRAINED VARIATIONAL PROBLEM AND THE NON-LINEAR KLEIN–GORDON EQUATIONS
Authors: GAN ZAIHUI , ZHANG JIAN 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we put forward a cross-constrained variational method to study the non-linear Klein–Gordon equations with an inverse square potential in three space dimensions. By constructing a type of cross-constrained variational problem and establishing so-called cross-invariant manifolds of the evolution flow, we establish some new types of invariant sets for the equation and derive a sharp threshold of blowup and global existence for its solution. Finally, we give an answer to the question how small the initial data are for the global solution to exist.
DIMENSION ESTIMATE OF THE EXPONENTIAL ATTRACTOR FOR THE CHEMOTAXIS–GROWTH SYSTEM
Authors: EFENDIEV MESSOUD , NAKAGUCHI ETSUSHI , OSAKI KOICHI 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we study an upper bound of the fractal dimension of the exponential attractor for the chemotaxis–growth system in a two-dimensional domain. We apply the technique given by Eden, Foias, Nicolaenko and Temam. Our results show that the bound is estimated by polynomial order with respect to the chemotactic coefficient in the equation similar to our preceding papers.
A CLASS OF EXCHANGE RINGS
Authors: LEE TSIU-KWEN , ZHOU YIQIANG 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIt is well known that a ring R is an exchange ring iff, for any a ∈ R, a−e ∈ (a2−a)R for some e2 = e ∈ R iff, for any a ∈ R, a−e ∈ R(a2−a) for some e2 = e ∈ R. The paper is devoted to a study of the rings R satisfying the condition that for each a ∈ R, a−e ∈ (a2−a)R for a unique e2 = e ∈ R. This condition is not left–right symmetric. The uniquely clean rings discussed in (W. K. Nicholson and Y. Zhou, Rings in which elements are uniquely the sum of an idempotent and a unit, Glasgow Math. J. 46 (2004), 227–236) satisfy this condition. These rings are characterized as the semi-boolean rings with a restricted commutativity for idempotents, where a ring R is semi-boolean iff R/J(R) is boolean and idempotents lift modulo J(R) (or equivalently, R is an exchange ring for which any non-zero idempotent is not the sum of two units). Various basic properties of these rings are developed, and a number of illustrative examples are given.
ULTRAPOWERS OF BANACH ALGEBRAS AND MODULES
Authors: DAWS MATTHEW 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Arens products are the standard way of extending the product from a Banach algebrato its bidual″. Ultrapowers provide another method which is more symmetric, but one that in general will only give a bilinear map, which may not be associative. We show that ifis Arens regular, then there is at least one way to use an ultrapower to recover the Arens product, a result previously known for C*-algebras. Our main tool is a principle of local reflexivity result for modules and algebras.
‘Twisted relations’: Method and meaning in Britten's Billy Budd
Authors: Whittall Arnold 
Published: August 2008

In Herman Melville's story, Billy Budd, Sailor (An Inside Narrative), the potentially mutinous reaction of the Bellipotent's crew to Billy's execution is quelled by a call to order:For suddenly the drum beat to quarters, which familiar sound happening at least twice every day, had upon the present occasion a signal peremptoriness in it. True martial discipline long continued superinduces in average man a sort of impulse whose operation at the official word of command much resembles in its promptitude the effect of an instinct.
Listening as a Letter of Uriah: A note on Berio's Un re in ascolto (1984) on the occasion of the opera's first performance in London (9 February 1989)
Authors: Vogt Matthias Theodor 
Published: August 2008

Imagine what would have happened if Prospero had come out in front of the curtain at the end of the first performance of Shakespeare's Tempest on 1 November 1611 and if, at his wordsNow, 'tis true,I must be here confin'd by you,Or sent to Naples. Let me not,Since I have my dukedom gotAnd pardon'd the deceiver, dwellIn this bare island by your spell;But release me from my bandsWith the help of your good hands.Gentle breath of yours my sailsMust fill, or else my project fails,Which was to please […],the audience had not applauded. In accordance with Jacobean theatrical practice, the sound of applause breaks the theatrical illusion.
The lost voice of Rosine Stoltz
Authors: Smart Mary Ann 
Published: August 2008

Carolyn Heilbrun, Writing a Woman's LifeUntil recently, women's biography and feminist interpretation of texts have travelled along separate paths, the exhaustive documentation required by biography often seeming to overwhelm efforts at interpretation, dictating that the genre remain essentially conservative and anti-theoretical. This is unfortunate, if only because it is in the writing of women's lives that biography and theory may need each other most. The women we examine are sometimes minor figures, ordinary people most interesting when seen as emblematic of a broader context; and of course they rarely lived according to modern feminist principles: what does one make of a talented woman who devoted her life more to caring for men than for herself? Such situations present conundrums that simultaneously resist and require the solace of theory.
A food-based dietary strategy lowers blood pressure in a low socio-economic setting: a randomised study in South Africa
Authors: Charlton Karen E , Steyn Krisela , Levitt Naomi S , Peer Nasheeta , Jonathan Deborah , Gogela Theresa , Rossouw Katja , Gwebushe Nomonde , Lombard Carl J 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a food-based intervention on blood pressure (BP) in free-living South African men and women aged 50–75 years, with drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertension.MethodsA double-blind controlled trial was undertaken in eighty drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertensive subjects randomised to an intervention (n40) or control (n40) arm. The intervention was 8-week provision of six food items with a modified cation content (salt replacement (SOLO™), bread, margarine, stock cubes, soup mix and a flavour enhancer) and 500 ml of maas (fermented milk)/d. The control diet provided the same quantities of the targeted foods but of standard commercial composition and 500 ml/d of artificially sweetened cooldrink.FindingsThe intervention effect estimated as the contrast of the within-diet group changes in BP from baseline to post-intervention was a significant reduction of 6·2 mmHg (95 % CI 0·9, 11·4) for systolic BP. The largest intervention effect in 24 h BP was for wake systolic BP with a reduction of 5·1 mmHg (95 % CI 0·4, 9·9). For wake diastolic BP the reduction was 2·7 mmHg (95 % CI −0·2, 5·6).ConclusionsModification of the cation content of a limited number of commonly consumed foods lowers BP by a clinically significant magnitude in treated South African hypertensive patients of low socio-economic status. The magnitude of BP reduction provides motivation for a public health strategy that could be adopted through lobbying of the food industry by consumer and health agencies.
Trends in excess weight and thinness among Spanish schoolchildren in the period 1992–2004: the Cuenca study
Authors: Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Sánchez López Mairena , Moya Martínez Pablo , Solera Martinez Montserrat , Pacheco Blanca Notario , Salcedo Aguilar Fernando , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn developed countries, there is abundant information on the epidemic of childhood obesity, but only a few studies on trends in the dual burden of body weight (overweight and thinness).ObjectiveTo examine trends in overweight and thinness among 9–10-year-old Spanish children in the last decade.MethodsData were taken from cross-sectional studies on schoolchildren in Cuenca (Spain), conducted in 1992, 1996, 1998 and 2004 with similar methods. Weight and height were measured by trained personnel with standardized procedures. Overweight (including obesity) and thinness were defined according with the International Obesity Taskforce BMI cut-offs.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight increased from 24·4 % in 1992 to 30·9 % in 2004 (P = 0·07), rising from 21·2 % in 1992 to 32·0 % in 2004 (P = 0·03) among boys and from 27·7 % to 29·8 % (P = 0·67) among girls. The overall prevalence of thinness was 2·7 % in 1992 and 9·2 % in 2004 (P < 0·001); in the same period, thinness prevalence rose from 1·9 % to 9·0 % (P = 0·10) among boys and from 3·7 % to 9·5 % (P < 0·01) among girls.ConclusionsThe dual burden of body weight has increased among children in Cuenca in the last decade. Population-based policies addressing childhood obesity, which is the most frequent problem, should not increase the risk of thinness.
Multiple levels of meaning and the tension of consciousness
Authors: Bekaert Stefan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWhen can we say that a Bantu smith knows the ‘meaning’ of iron smelting - only when he explicitly recognizes the underlying sexual structure of it or simply when he knows how to go on smithing? Is structuralist theory, which considers meaning as codic and diacritical, really incommensurable with a phenomenological view of meaning as something primarily experiential? In this posthumous paper, Stefan Bekaert argues that the differences between both perspectives are gradual rather than fundamental. Drawing on the sexual metaphors in Sakata iron technology, he presents a tentative scale of meaning levels: the level of typified experience, the level of pragmatic motive, the level of (meta)physical intervention, the level of experiential gestalt, the level of explicit metaphor, and the level of codic oppositions. Rejecting the ‘one-world-ism’ predominant in many social sciences, he argues that humans inhabit and draw on many worlds at once. (DVR)
Approaches to the perception of landscape
Authors: Johnston Robert 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper is a review of recent academic debate dealing with the relationship between perception and landscape. It is suggested that there are two ways in which the perception of landscape is considered: the explicit and the inherent approach. The explicit approach isolates perception within the landscape as something between the observed and the cognitised. While an inherent approach does not isolate perception because it is embedded within ways of living - or being. The discussion is illustrated with archaeological examples.
Death, fire and abandonment
Authors: Verhoeven Marc 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis article offers an interpretation of the structure and meaning of a mortuary ritual at Tell Sabi Abyad in Syria. Remains of this funeral have been uncovered in the ‘Burnt Village’, a late neolithic settlement largely destroyed by fire. The possibly intentional and ritual burning of the settlement is related to the mortuary ritual; it is suggested that here we have evidence for an extended ‘death ritual’ ending, but also transforming, human and material life. Death, fire and abandonment, then, seem to have been closely related. Some examples suggest that these relations also existed at other neolithic sites in the Near East.
The exhibition of architecture and the architecture of an exhibition
Authors: Bernbeck Reinhard 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOne of the major archaeological museums, the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, serves as an example to discuss present problems of museology. I argue that the development of museums has to be analysed from a combination of perspectives, including an historical one, that of visitors and of museum staff. In a first section, the paper outlines the history of the Pergamon Museum, including an institutional history and the larger socio–political framework. To highlight the range of possibilities of understanding, I give two readings of the museum from the viewpoints of differently oriented visitors, one colonialist, the other postmodern. I then consider current debates among curators and distinguish between two main exhibition strategies, one pragmatist, the other purist. Finally, I discuss the larger framework in which museums exist, which shows their problematic status. Using critical theory's distinction between culture industry and affirmative (elite) culture, I show that the Pergamon and other museums survive today only through an uneasy compromise between these two extreme poles of culture.
Buried lives
Authors: Crossland Zoë 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper writes a history of the forensic excavations in Argentina of the remains of ‘the disappeared’; people who were abducted and murdered under the military governments of the 1970s and early 1980s. The physical remains of these people were, and still are, located at a nexus of desires and attempts to reconstruct both individual and national collective memory, through creating and sustaining the individual and collective identities of the disappeared. As such the human remains have become a vigorously contested site for different and irreconcilable constructions. This paper considers the ambiguity of human remains; the tensions between humans as bodies and as people, the difficult issue of human embodiment after death, and the incompatible narratives that arise from these ambiguities. A textual analysis of the narratives created around the excavations of the disappeared in the Argentinian and English speaking media is used to illustrate the ways in which archaeological narratives about the dead are used in the creation of conflicting societal and personal constructions of the human body in Argentina, and the effect that this has had on the ways the disappeared are remembered.
The raw, the cooked and the burnt
Authors: Campbell Ewan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe iron age settlement at Sollas, North Uist, Scotland, provides an unusually varied set of data relating to food and the role of animals in society. By comparing the evidence of food residues on pottery with animal remains from middens, foundation burials and cremations, structural patterns emerge which throw light on the relative status of domestic species. Sheep and cows are treated differently, with sheep being mainly buried, and cattle cremated. This patterning enables a speculative world view of the inhabitants to be constructed, and further analysis shows that mature cattle were classified differently from younger animals. It is suggested that these normally hidden structuring principles cause difficulties for the conventional interpretation of animal remains on other iron age sites.
Generations of aristocracy
Authors: Woolf Greg 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper sets out to examine issues of continuity and change in the social hierarchies of the peoples of the Gallic interior, between the late Iron Age and the early Roman period. This part of the empire is one in which we might reasonably expect to find substantial continuity of social structure. Many scholars have argued that this is indeed the case, notwithstanding the evident changes in material culture. This paper argues that the opposite was true. Apparent similarities, I suggest, reinforced by the ways we have studied provincial cultures, have masked dramatic changes in the basis of social power. That conclusion has implications for other provincial societies, and for Roman imperialism in general.
Heading south, looking north
Authors: Shepherd Nick 
Published: August 2008

AbstractArchaeology has to re-think the terms of its practice, because current debate tends to intervene at the level of theory, which leaves the discipline ungrounded in a theory of practice or a conception of the historical coming into being of archaeology as a discipline. From a South African perspective, its grand narrative is primarily concerned with the development of social theory in the West but it does not provide - it cannot provide – an account of the formation of the discipline as a social and signifying practice situated in a broader social and political context. Central to this re-thinking, I argue, are questions of social value, and the role played by archaeology in projects of restitution, social justice, memory and identity.
Archaeology as encounter
Authors: Grima Reuben 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAmong the influences that have altered the nature of archaeology over the past two decades, two major trends are singled out for discussion here. The first is the emerging interest in understanding the subjective experiences and perceptions of life in the past. The second trend is the growing concern with making archaeology more meaningful and accessible to a wider public. Some of the characteristics of these two trends will be considered in turn. It is then argued that, although these two movements are generally considered as quite separate issues, they stem from shared social and historic roots. The recognition of the inseparability of these two areas of concern has far-reaching implications for the nature and role of future archaeological practice.
Significance tests for comparing digital gene expression profiles
Authors: Varuzza Leonardo , Gruber Arthur , Pereira Carlos 
Published: August 2008

Abstract Most of the statistical tests currently used to detect differentially expressed genes are based on asymptotic results, and perform poorly for low expression tags. Another problem is the common use of a single canonical cutoff for the significance level (p-value) of all the tags, without taking into consideration the type II error and the highly variable character of the sample size of the tags. This work reports the development of two significance tests for the comparison of digital expression profiles, based on frequentist and Bayesian points of view, respectively. Both tests are exact, and do not use any asymptotic considerations, thus producing more correct results for low frequency tags than the chi-square test. The frequentist test uses a tag-customized critical level which minimizes a linear combination of type I and type II errors. A comparison of the Bayesian and the frequentist tests revealed that they are linked by a Beta distribution function. These tests can be used alone or in conjunction, and represent an improvement over the currently available methods for comparing digital profiles.
Effects of Feedback Frequency and Timing on Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer of Speech Skills in Acquired Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Austermann Hula Shannon N. , Robin Donald A. , Maas Edwin , Ballard Kirrie J. , Schmidt Richard A. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeTwo studies examined speech skill learning in persons with apraxia of speech (AOS). Motor-learning research shows that delaying or reducing the frequency of feedback promotes retention and transfer of skills. By contrast, immediate or frequent feedback promotes temporary performance enhancement but interferes with retention and transfer. These principles were tested in the context of a common treatment for AOS.MethodTwo studies (N= 4,N= 2) employed single-subject treatment designs to examine acquisition and retention of speech skills in adults with AOS under different feedback conditions.ResultsReduced-frequency or delayed feedback enhanced learning in 3 participants with AOS. Feedback manipulation was not an influential variable in 3 other cases in which stimulus-complexity effects may have masked treatment effects.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that individuals with AOS can benefit from structured intervention. They provide qualified support for reduction and delay of feedback, although interaction with other factors such as stimulus complexity or task difficulty needs further exploration. This study adds to the growing body of literature investigating the use of principles of motor learning in treating AOS and provides impetus for consideration of pre-treatment variables that affect outcome in treatment studies.