bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN CAPACITY AS AN INDEX OF OESTROGENICITY OR ANDROGENICITY IN WOMEN ON ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE STEROIDS
Authors: MAKHZANCY M. N. EL , WYNN V. , LAWRENCE DAPHNE M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma sex hormone binding globulin capacity (SHBC) measurements were evaluated in 125 women with a pre‐treatment mean value of 41 ± 17 nmol/l SHBG and during 3 to 36 cycles of either combination oestrogen and progestagen oral contraceptives (OC) or low progestagen‘mini’pills. An oestrogenic effect or significant elevation of SHBC was noted on combination OC or ethiriyl oestradiol with megestrol acetate, comparable with pregnancy levels (305 t 47 nmol/l SHBC or Volidan), whilst megestrol acetate alone (500 μg) caused a smaller but still significant rise of SHBG. Combination of ethinyl oestradiol with norethisterone acetate (Minovlar Loestrin) produced increased SHBG but ethinyl oestradiol combined with d‐norgestrel (Ovranette) caused no change in mean SHBG. An androgenic effect or significant lowering of mean SHBG to 24 ± 11 nmol/l in women on dl‐norgestrel (75 μg) and a decrease of mean SHBG on norethisterone (350 μg) daily indicated that these 19‐norderivatives are contraindicated in women with low pre‐treatment levels of SHBG or any clinical manifestation or history of androgenic hyperactivity. Combined OC preparations causing some elevation of SHBG might be preferable. Conversely women with a high pre‐treatment SHBG level might be more suited to combination OC with d‐norgestrel or the 19‐norprogestagen‘mini’pills. The characteristic response to SHBC for the group of oral contraceptives used was maintained throughout medication but on discontinuing the SHBC levels returned to pre‐treatment values.
SENSITIVE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR SOMATOSTATIN USING N‐[1251‐TYR‐SOMATOSTATIN AS LABELLED ANTIGEN
Authors: DUPONT ANDRÉ , COY DAVID H. , ALVARADO‐URBINA GABRIEL , CÔTÉ JEAN , MEYERS CHESTER A. , MCMANUS JAMES , BARDEN NICHOLAS , DE LÉAN ANDRÉ , LABRIE FERNAND 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA sensitive radioimmunoassay for somatostatin using N‐[25I]‐Tyr‐somatostatin is described and compared with that using [125I]‐Tyr1‐somatostatin. The minimum detectable amount of somatostatin using N‐[1251]‐Tyr‐somatostatin as tracer was 0.1 to 0.5 pg, which is approximately 10‐fold lower than the lower detection limit of the RIA using [125I]‐Tyr1‐somatostatin. Moreover, it was found that the shelf‐life of N‐[1251]Tyr‐somatostatin was prolonged in comparison with labelled Tyr1‐somatostatin. Human pancreatic and gastric extracts displayed immunological similarity to synthetic somatostatin tetradecapeptide.
THE EFFECT OF SULPIRIDE INDUCED HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN SECRETION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: HAGEN CLAUS , PEDERSEN PETER BECK , JENSEN SØREN BUUS , KNUD OLE , JENSEN THYGE 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBlood glucose concentration and insulin secretion expressed by peripheral plasma insulin (IRI) and C‐peptide levels were measured during saline and sulpiride infusion in five normal men. In another experiment the same variables were analysed in six normal males before and during oral sulpiride treatment for 5 days. The i.v. and oral administration of sulpiride resultedin a significant rise in serum prolactin levels. The stimulated serum prolactin concentrations were equivalent to those seen during stress.The sulpiride induced hyperprolactinaemia did not change blood‐glucose, plasma IRI levels, hepatic insulin removal and glucose utilization during basal conditions or after i.v. glucose administration.
STANDARD DOSE 131I THERAPY FOR HYPERTHYROIDISM CAUSED BY AUTONOMOUSLY FUNCTIONING THYROID NODULES
Authors: TANG FUI S. C. NG , MAISEY M. N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThirty‐one patients with hyperthyroidism shown on scintigram to have autonomously functioning thyroid nodules were treated with a standard dose of 15 milli‐curies (mCi) of 131I. Of thirty patients who have been followed up for at least 6 months to over 3 years, all but one patient were euthyroid after a single dose. Repeat scintigram and Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) test after therapy confirmed that twenty‐five patients were cured of the disease. Only one patient developed hypothyroidism. This simplified standard dose regimen of radioiodine is effective in the treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by autonomously functioning nodules and is not complicated by the high incidence of hypothyroidism that is observed following radioiodine therapy of Graves’disease.
THYROID BINDING ANTIBODIES AND OTHER IMMUNOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH GRAVES’OPHTHALMOPATHY: EFFECT OF TREATMENT WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Authors: WALL J. R. , STRAKOSCH C. R. , FANG S. L. , INGBAR S. H. , BRAVERMAN L. E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPatients with Graves’ophthalmopathy were studied for a possible role of thyroid binding antibodies (TBAb) as measured by a radioreceptor assay, and for in vitro evidence of immunoreactivity to orbital antigens. The effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment on the immunological parameters and the clinical course of the eye disease was also studied. The mean TBAb index for all patients with eye disease was significantly less than that for normals and for patients with Graves’hyperthyroid‐ism who lacked eye disease. The mean TBAb index for patients with ophthalmopathy and past or present hyperthyroidism was significantly less than for those patients with eye disease but no associated hyperthyroidism (‘euthyroid Graves’ disease). TBAb levels did not correlate with the severity or duration of the eye disease and did not change during treatment with CY. Significant titres of serum antibodies against human eye muscle extract or subcellular fractions, or macro‐phage inhibitory factor (MIF) production in response to human orbital tissue extract were not detected in patients with eye disease. The congestive changes improved in all patients treated with CY, although the degree of proptosis and eye muscle involvement improved in only 3 of 24 and 11 of 20 patients respectively with these abnormalities. TBAb are unlikely to play a role in the pathogenesis of Graves’ophthalmopatliy and the hyperthyroidism and eye disease should be considered separate autoimmune disorders. The apparently anomalous finding of a higher mean TBAb index in patients with eye disease and hyperthyroidism than in those with hyperthyroidiam alone may reflect a more severe defect of suppressor T cell function in the former group. Because evidence for specific immunoreactivity
THE EFFECT OF LISURIDE HYDROGEN MALEATE, AN ERGOT DERIVATIVE ON ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE SECRETION IN MAN
Authors: DELITALA G. , WASS J. A. H. , STUBBS W. A. , JONES A. , WILLIAMS S. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of single oral doses of 0.2 mg of lisuride hydrogen maleate, a semisynthetic ergot derivative, on serum levels of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), cortisol and blood glucose were studied in six normal males. Lisuride effectively inhibited basal PRL secretion as well as the PRL response to TRH given 3 h later. In addition, the drug raised basal GH levels and decreased basal and TRH stimulated TSH secretion. No significant differences between lisuride and control were observed in basal LH and FSH, LHRH stimulated gonadotrophins or in cortisol. Drowsiness was noted by all subjects, one became nauseated and another vomited, 60 and 90 min respectively after administration of lisuride. No changes were seen in pulse rate and blood pressure. The endocrine effects of lisuride were attenuated by the prior administration of the dopamine antagonist metoclo‐pramide. These results suggest that lisuride acts as a long‐acting dopamine agonist and that therefore this drug could be of therapeutic use in hyperprolactinaemic states and acromegaly.
IN VITRO BIOSYNTHESIS OF 1 8‐HYDROXY‐l l‐DEOXYCORTI‐COSTERONE FROM DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE BY HUMAN ADRENAL GLANDS REMOVED FROM PATIENTS WITH HYPERCORTICISM
Authors: TOUITOU Y. , BOGDAN A. , LUTON J‐P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe biosynthesis of 18‐hydroxy‐ll‐deoxycorticosterone (18‐OH‐DOC) was studied by in vitro incubations of human adrenals resected from patients with Cushing's syndrome, using deoxycorticosterone as precursor. 18‐OH‐DOC synthesis was similar in adrenals from normal subjects and in those derived from patients with different types of Cushing's syndrome (hyperplasia, adenoma, carcinoma). The in vitro addition of o,p'‐DDD (5 X 10‐3 M) to an adrenocortical carcinoma incubation did not alter 18‐OH‐DOC biosynthesis. By contrast, treatment of the patient with o,p'‐DDD prior to adrenalectomy resulted in a low production of 18‐OH‐DOC in vitro but only when cortisol synthesis was drastically decreased.
EVIDENCE FOR THYROID ANTIGEN‐REACTIVE T LYMPHOCYTES INFILTRATING THE THYROID GLAND IN GRAVES’DISEASE
Authors: TOTTERMAN T. H. , ANDERSSON L. C. , HÄYRY P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe have investigated the relative distribution and some in vitro functions of thyroid‐infiltrating immunocompetent cells obtained at fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in twelve patients with Graves’disease and thirteen patients with Hashimoto's thyroid‐itis. In both disorders the predominant (5749%) thyroid‐infiltrating cell was a small lymphocyte. Significant numbers of plasma cells (10%) were seen only in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes plus macrophages) were present in similar numbers (12–18%) in both disorders. In both Graves’and Hashimoto's disease there was a relative reduction of (thymus‐dependent) lymphocytes in the thyroid gland as compared to the blood. Blood and thyroid‐infiltrating T lymphocytes were tested for in vitro cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) to thyroid antigen in the leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMT). CMI was readily demonstrated in the blood of most patients with Graves’and Hashimoto's disease. When the thyroid‐infiltrating lymphocytes were tested for CMI in the LMT, only the infiltrating cells from patients with Graves’disease displayed CMI, whereas the thyroid‐infiltrating lymphocytes in Hashimoto's disease were negative. Fractionation of the immunocompetent cells demonstrated that the thyroid antigen‐induced LMT response of blood and thyroid‐infiltrating lymphocytes in Graves’disease is a T lymphocytedependent phenomenon.
IDIOPATHIC OEDEMA: A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF BROMOCRIPTINE
Authors: DENT R. G. , EDWARDS O. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe have studied the effect of bromocriptine in seven patients with idiopathic oedema. Two patients were unable to tolerate the drug; the remaining five were maintained on doses of between 5 and 7.5 mg a day. Symptomatic improvement was noted in two patients and in both of these and one other there was a significant improvement in mean diurnal weight gain. The fall in free water and sodium clearance on standing was reduced by bromocriptine, but there was no significant change in the excessive fall in plasma volume.
METOCLOPRAMIDE STIMULATION: A TEST OF GROWTH HORMONE RESERVE IN ADOLESCENT MALES
Authors: COHEN H. N. , HAY I. D. , THOMSON J. A. , LOGUE F. , RATCLIFFE W. A. , BEASTALL G. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA comparison was made between the growth hormone (GH) response to meto‐clopramide (‘Maxolon’‐Beecham Laboratories) and insulin induced hypoglycaemia in thirty‐five short adolescent males. Both tests initially caused adequate release of GH from the pituitary gland in 86% of those subjects who had normal GH reserve. The peak growth hormone responses of the two tests were similar in magnitude and were strongly correlated (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). Both tests raised serum GH to a similar degree in twenty‐nine out of the thirty‐five boys (83%), but four boys who responded satisfactorily to hypoglycaemia failed to respond to metoclopramide (MCP) stimulation, and two boys who failed to respond to hypoglycaemia responded satisfactorily to MCP stimulation.MCP stimulation does not require prior preparation of the patient and is relatively free of side effects. Consequently, it is suggested that MCP stimulation may be a useful 1 hour out‐patient test for growth hormone deficiency in this relatively common group of patients.
METOCLOPRAMIDE INDUCED GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE IN HYPOGONADAL MALES
Authors: COHEN H. N. , HAY I. D. , BEASTALL G. H. , THOMSON J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe growth hormone (GH) response to 10 mg intravenous metoclopramide (MCP) (‘Maxo1on’‐Beecham Laboratories) was determined in ten hypogonadal adult males. All the subjects responded with a peak growth hormone level > 14 mU/1 within 1 hour of administration of MCP. Seven normal adult males did not respond to MCP administration. It is concluded that MCP stimulation may be a useful test for both prolactin and growth hormone reserve in hypogonadal males.
MODIFICATION OF THE NORMAL POSTURAL CHANGES IN PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY BY THE APPLICATION OF POSITIVE PRESSURE TO THE LEGS
Authors: MCGIVERN D. , HARDCASTLE A. , MILLAR J. G. B. , WARREN D. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn six normal male subjects plasma renin activity (PRA) rose progressively on standing over a 2 hour period. PRA fell to basal levels after a further 2 hours of recumbency. The rate of rise of PRA on standing was largely abolised following the application of an anti‐gravity (‘G’) suit. Continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) heart rate (HR) and packed cell volume (PCV) suggest that it is the fall in effective blood volume which elicits the stimuli to renin release during changes in posture.
CONGENITAL GOITRE AND HYPOTHYROIDISM WITH IMPAIRED IODIDE ORGANIFICATION AND HIGH THYROID PEROXIDASE CONCENTRATION
Authors: MEDEIROS‐NETO G. A. , NAKASHIMA T. , TAUROG A. , KNOBEL M. , SIMONETTI J. P. , MATTAR E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA sibship of thirteen subjects whose parents were first cousins was studied for a defect in thyroid hormone synthesis. Five sibs were goitrous and had congenital hypothyroidism. All but one showed a positive perchlorate discharge test (PDT). Three other subjects were goitrous and euthyroid (one with a positive PDT), and the remaining five sibs were euthyroid with a presumably normal thyroid. However, an abnormally exaggerated TSH response to TRH was observed not only in the hypothyroid patients but also in six of the other subjects, indicating a decreased thyroid feedback at the pituitary level in the presence of a normal serum concentration of thyroid hormones. In two hypothyroid patients a normal serum T3, low serum T4 and a low reverse T3 were observed. Microscopic studies of thyroid tissue from three of the sibs disclosed marked cellular hyperplasia with no lymphocytic infiltration anywhere in the tissue.Peroxidase activity was determined on tissue from three sibs by three different assay procedures. It was within the normal range in one patient and was significantly elevated in the other two. There was no evidence for a qualitatively defective peroxidase. The defect in thyroid function in this family does not appear to involve a peroxidase deficiency. Thyroglobulin isolated from the thyroid glands of two of the goitrous, hypothyroid subjects was poorly iodinated but was judged to be normal by immunoreactive and ultracentrifugation procedures. Although the nature of the thyroid metabolic defect in this family was not elucidated, the evidence suggests a genetic defect, probably involving a recessive gene.
PLASMA HORMONE LEVELS AND OESTROGEN PRODUCTION IN A POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMAN WITH ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA AND AN OVARIAN THECOMA
Authors: REED M. J. , HUTTON J. D. , BEARD R. W. , JACOBS H. S. , JAMES V. H. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma hormone concentrations, the production rate of oestrone from androstenedione, and the total production rate of oestrone have been measured in a 57‐year‐old woman with an ovarian thecoma and endometrial carcinoma before and 2 months after hysterectomy and bilateral ovariectomy. The plasma concentration of oestradiol (184 pmol/l), but not oestrone (144 pmol/l), was elevated pre‐operatively and FSH secretion was suppressed (115.0 μg/l). Post‐operatively the plasma concentration of oestradiol was significantly reduced (80 pmol/l) and the concentration of FSH (571 μg/l) had increased to a postmenopausal level. The concentration of oestradiol in samples of plasma obtained simultaneously at operation from the ovarian vein of the ovary containing the thecoma (3.38 nmol/l) was fifteen times greater than in the periphery (228.0 pmol/l), and this confirmed that oestradiol was secreted by the thecoma. The total production rates of oestrone pre‐and post‐operatively were 101.3 nmo1/24 h and 29.2 nmo1/24 h respectively and the production rates of oestrone from androstenedione were 41.4 nmo1/24 h and 32.9 nmo1/24 h. Thus, postaperatively, all the oestrone was produced from circulating androstenedione, whereas pre‐operatively only 40% of the oestrone was produced by the extraglandular conversion of androstenedione; the remaining 60% presumably originated from the peripheral conversion of oestradiol secreted by the thecoma. It is concluded that the oestradiol secreted by the thecoma was probably the major factor which caused the development of endometrial carcinoma in this subject.
EFFECTS OF THE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST CIMETIDINE ON PITUITARY HORMONES IN MAN
Authors: DELITALA G. , STUBBS W. A. , WASS J. A. H. , JONES A. , WILLIAMS S. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of the histamine (H2) receptor antagonist cimetidine on serum levels of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and cortisol were studied in five normal males. Cimetidine, when given by infusion at the dose of 100 mg/h for 5 h, did not alter adenohypophyseal secretion either basally or after pituitary stimulation with LHRH and TRH. However, 400 mg cimetidine given intravenously as a bolus injection significantly stimulated PRL release in all subjects, without affecting any other measured hormone. A dose‐response relationship existed, and 200 mg cimetidine seems to be the minimum PRL‐releasing dose when given as an intravenous bolus injection. These results suggest that cimetidine releases PRL and that this effect is dose‐related, but only when large intravenous injections are given.
PLASMA DOPAMINE‐β‐HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY AND BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY IN HYPERTENSIVE MAN
Authors: LEVY S. B. , FRIGON R. F. , STONE R. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIt has been proposed that measurements of plasma dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DBH) may allow for assessment of adrenergic tone and may elucidate a possible neurogenic contribution to essential hypertension. We performed a series of measurements of DBH in fifty‐seven normotensive and fifty hypertensive black and white men in order (1) to compare DBH to selected blood pressure patterns and (2) to evaluate the influence of salt intake, posture and race on plasma DBH. Plasma DBH, measured on unrestricted salt intake with subjects supine, was 42 ± 4 Units/L in white normotensives, greater (P< 0.05) than black normotensives (26 ± 6 Units/L). White hypertensives had greater plasma concentrations of DBH than black (35 ± 3 vs. 24 ± 5, P< 0.05). Normotensives did not differ from hypertensives. Dietary salt restriction and upright ambulation increased plasma DBH activity in hypertensives. Although DBH did not correlate directly with blood pressure, high DBH values were associated with lability of blood pressure in hypertensives but not in normotensives. There are two possible explanations for our results: (1) multiple factors influence plasma DBH activity and plasma levels reflect more than adrenergic function, or (2) essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease and excess sympathetic neuronal activity alone is not sufficient to produce sustained hypertension.
THE EFFECT OF CLOMIPHENE ON UNCASTRATED AND CASTRATED MALE TRANSSEXUALS
Authors: GOH H. H. , CHEW P. C. T. , KARIM S. M. M. , RATNAM S. S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYClomiphene was administered at a daily dose of 100 mg for 5 consecutive days to two groups of male subjects. There were three uncastrated male transsexuals (Group A) and nine castrated male transsexuals (Group B). In the uncastrated subjects Clomiphene enhanced the secretion of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) starting from day 3 of treatment. The magnitude of the increment ranged from 150%–250% over the mean basal plasma level for LH, 113%–262% for FSH and 12%–68% for T. In contrast, Clomiphene suppressed both FSH and LH in the castrated subjects. Equal suppression of both the gonadotrophins were observed. The levels of FSH and LH in plasma on day 3 were suppressed to 66.4% and 66.2% of their respective mean basal levels. Two days after the termination of treatment, suppressions were maintained. These results suggest that Clomiphene acts as an anti‐oestrogen in uncastrated male transsexuals and in castrated male transsexuals who have subphysiological levels of oestradiol it acts as a weak oestrogen.
PIRIBEDIL INHIBITION OF PROLACTIN RELEASE INDUCED BY MECHANICAL BREAST EMPTYING IN PUERPERAL WOMEN
Authors: ALAGNA S. , LODICO G. , DEVILLA L. , MASALA A. , DELITALA G. , ROVASIO P. P. , STOPPELLI I. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of a 5 day course of Piribedil, a dopaminergic agonist, on prolactin release evoked by mechanical breast emptying in puerperal women, was investigated. A daily dose of 75 mg. caused a significant decrease in the prolactin response to mechanical breast stimulation. Piribedil also proved clinically useful in inhibiting lactation. The role of dopaminergic mechanisms in the regulation of prolactin release induced by mechanical breast emptying are discussed.
THE RATIO OF THYROXINE TO THYROXINE‐BINDING GLOBULIN IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: BURR W. A. , EVANS S. E. , LEE J. , PRINCÉ H. P. , RAMSDEN D. B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum thyroxine (T4), thyroxine‐binding globulin (TBG) and T3 Uptake have been measured in 122 hospital inpatients, 116 healthy volunteers, 101 patients with thyrotoxicosis, thirty‐six patients with myxoedema, eighty‐five euthyroid subjects with high or low TBG concentration and ten patients on treatment with diphenylhdantoin (DPH). T4:TBG ratio and free thyroxine index (FTI = T4/T3Ux 100) were calculated for each individual. In euthyroid controls, TBG concentration was normally distributed, and was significantly greater in females (12.1 ± 1.6 mg/l, mean ± SD) than in males (10. 8 ± 2.9 mg/l). TBG was raised in myxoedema (14.7 ± 2.4 mg/l), and reduced in thyrotoxicosis (10.8 ± 2.4 mg/l) when compared with euthyroid females. There was a 24%, rise in TBG concentration during drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis (pre‐treat‐ment= 11.1 ± 2.5 mg/l, post treatment (3/12) = 13.8 ± 3.4 mg/l). In euthyroid persons, T4 was linearly correlated with TBG concentration (r = 0. 92), but there was a tendency towards a curvilinear relationship which may have been due to reduction in the concentration of thyroxine‐binding prealbumin (TBPA) at high concentrations of TBG. T4:TBG ratio and FTI were similar in their ability to distinguish between thyrotoxic, euthyroid and myxoedematous persons when TBG concentration was normal. T4:TBG ratio was found to have the considerable advantage of correcting for increases in TBG concentration over a five‐fold range, whereas FTI was misleading when TBG concentration was raised. Both FTI and T4:TBG gave unreliable results when TBG was low, and in such cases measurement of TBG should alert the clinician to the need for alternative tests. During DPH treatment, both indices tended to give‘myxoedematous’results. Retrospective analysis of T4:TBG ratio and FTI in 104 hospital in‐patients with T4< 110nmol/l and 40 in‐patients with T4<40nmol/l suggested that the T4:TBG ratio gave better diagnostic precision than FTI.