bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance cholangiography of biliary strictures after liver transplantation: A prospective double‐blind study
Authors: Kitazono Mary T. , Qayyum Aliya , Yeh Benjamin M. , Chard Paul S. , Ostroff James W. , Coakley Fergus V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurposeTo compare magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in quantitatively evaluating biliary strictures in liver transplant recipients.Materials and MethodsEight liver transplant recipients with suspected biliary complications were referred for ERC and also underwent MRC within 24 hours using a combination of single‐shot rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (SS‐RARE) and three‐dimensional (3D)‐RARE sequences. The studies were independently interpreted by two blinded radiologists and a single blinded endoscopist who recorded the presence of a stricture and/or upstream dilatation, the ratio of recipient‐to‐donor duct diameters at the anastomosis, as well as the proximal duct diameter, length, and percent stenosis of any stricture detected.ResultsUsing ERC as the standard of reference, MRC had a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100%, mean specificity of 83.3%, and mean positive predictive value of 92.9% in the detection of six strictures. Compared with ERC, MRC obtained accurate measurements of recipient‐to‐donor duct diameter ratios (r, 0.91; P < 0.01), proximal duct diameters (r, 0.83, P < 0.05), stricture lengths (r, 0.58; P = 0.06), and percent stenosis (r, 0.78; P = 0.06).ConclusionMRC can provide equivalent imaging to ERC and can reliably identify and quantitatively evaluate biliary strictures in post–orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1168–1173. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation of oligodendrocytes in neurospheres derived from embryonic rat brain using growth and differentiation factors
Authors: Gibney Sinead M. , McDermott Kieran W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStudies on the isolation and propagation of multipotent neural precursors as neurospheres suggest their potential use in the reconstitution of neurons and oligodendrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases. To ensure that an adequate number of functionally relevant cells are present after transplantation, in vitro manipulation of cell fate before transplantation may be necessary to control the terminal phenotype of these cells. Using growth factors known to have a role in oligodendrocyte development such as sonic hedgehog, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2), we have tried to increase the number of oligodendroglia derived from E18 cortical neurospheres. We have shown that although all of the growth factor combinations induce the formation of oligodendroglia, they do so in varying proportions, with PDGF favouring the formation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and sonic hedgehog favouring the formation of mature oligodendrocytes. To further enhance the generation of oligodendroglia we exposed neurospheres to B104‐cell conditioned medium (B104 CM). Long‐term growth of the neurospheres in this B104 CM increased markedly the number of cells committed to the oligodendrocyte lineage, specifically oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. These were then referred to as oligospheres. Our results suggest that the oligosphere culture system may provide a valuable source of cells for the reconstitution of oligodendrocytes in neurologic disorders. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional ryanodine receptors are expressed by human microglia and THP‐1 cells: Their possible involvement in modulation of neurotoxicity
Authors: Klegeris Andis , Choi Hyun B. , McLarnon James G. , McGeer Patrick L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRyanodine receptors (RyRs) are intracellular Ca2+channels that mediate the release of calcium from internal stores and therefore play an important role in Ca2+signaling and homeostasis. Three RyR isoforms have been described thus far, and various areas of brain are known to express each of them. It is well established that neurons can express different RyR isoforms, but it is not known whether microglial cells do so. In the present study we showed that cultured human microglia from both fetal and adult brain specimens express mRNA for RyR1 and RyR2, whereas RyR3 mRNA can be detected only in fetal microglial cells. Calcium spectrofluorometry showed that high levels of the RyR agonist 4‐chloro‐m‐cresol (4‐CmC, 1‐5 mM) induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) in both types of cultured human microglial cells. This effect was attenuated by the RyR antagonist 1,1′‐diheptyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium dibromide (DHBP, 10 μM). Neurotoxicity of conditioned medium from human microglia and THP‐1 monocytic cells stimulated with a combination of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or α‐synuclein was diminished by DHBP. It was also diminished by 4‐CmC at concentrations approximately 100‐fold lower than those used to stimulate intracellular Ca2+release. These data indicate that human microglial cells express functional RyRs and that selective RyR ligands exert antineurotoxic action on this cell type. Therefore, RyR ligands may represent a novel class of compounds that have utility in reducing microglial‐mediated inflammation, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of flagging frequency to confidence intervals in the statistical regression approach for automated quality control of Tmax and Tmin
Authors: You Jinsheng , Hubbard Kenneth G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWith the widespread use of electronic interfaces in data collection, many networks have increased, or will increase, the sampling rate and add more sensors. The associated increase in data volume will naturally lead to an increased reliance on automatic quality assurance (QA) procedures. The number of data entries flagged for further manual validation can be affected by the choice of confidence intervals in statistically based QA procedures, which in turn affects the number of bad entries classified as good measurements. At any given station, a number of confidence intervals for the Spatial Regression Test (SRT) were specified and tested in this study, using historical data for both the daily minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax), to determine how the frequency of flagging is related to the choice of confidence interval. An assessment of the general relationship of the number of data flagged to the specified confidence interval over a set of widely dispersed stations in the High Plains was undertaken to determine whether a single confidence factor would suffice, at all stations, to identify a moderate number of flags. This study suggests that using a confidence factor ‘f’ larger than 2.5 to specify the confidence interval will flag a reasonable number of measurements (<1%) for further manual validation and a single confidence factor can be applied for a state. This paper initially compares two formulations of the SRT method. This comparison is followed by an analysis of the percentage of observations flagged as a function of confidence interval. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Fresh threat: what's lurking in your salad bowl?
Authors: Powell Douglas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn North America in 2006, outbreaks of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella in spinach, lettuce and tomatoes sickened over 700 people and caused four deaths. These high‐profile cases are only the tip of the iceberg, however, and many people are affected by contaminated produce each year. Douglas Powell and Ben Chapman reveal why current food safety programmes in the USA have not eliminated contamination and suggest how an industry led by producers could spearhead programmes to mitigate the risk of future outbreaks. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Inpatient treatment for war‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder: Initial findings on a longer‐term outcome study
Authors: Scurfield Raymond M. , Kenderdine Shawn K. , Pollard Richard J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSymptom checklists and a follow‐up questionnaire were mailed to the first 180 graduates of an inpatient Post Traumatic Stress Treatment program. Eighty‐six of the 180 responded to the survey. Their responses were compared to measures obtained on them while they were inpatients at the treatment program. Significant differences were found on one symptom checklist, while positive trends toward symptom reduction were noted on another. Demographic characteristics of the respondents were dicusssed, as were responses to open‐ended questions regarding in what ways the program helped most and least. Changes in a positive direction were noted in the area of self‐esteem, interpersonal relationships, and symptoms of numbing and arousal. PTSD‐related intrusive symptoms had the least clear‐cut improvement. Implications of these findings for inpatient treatment and aftercare are reviewed, with suggestions for future applied research.
The effects of homicides and suicides on the population longevity of the United States
Authors: Waigandt Alex , Phelps LeAdelle 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze population longevity relative to homicide and suicide deaths in light of competing risks. Mortality data by age and sex derived from Vital Statistics and data from the U.S. Census were utilized to calculate life tables. The causes of death for this study were classified according to the Eighth Revision of the Internal Classification of Disease, Adapted (ICDA) (World Health Organization). The ICSA code for the causes examined in this study are homicides (E960–E987) and suicides (E950–E959). Calculations based upon public health data and cause deletion indicate a loss in population life expectancy due to homicide and suicide deaths of 0.70456 years for males and 0.2606 years for females. When the findings are translated to the life expectancy of the population in terms of time, a total of 1,305,805 person years per decade are irretrievably lost from suicide and homicide deaths.
Current psychiatric complaints of Dutch resistance veterans from world war II: A feasibility study
Authors: Op Den Velde W. , Falger P. R. J. , De Groen J. H. M. , Van Duijn H. , Hovens J. E. , Meijer P. , Soons M. , Schouten E. G. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAs a first step in a nation‐wide study about psychiatric complaints in Dutch Resistance veterans, a feasibility study was conducted to test the instruments. The complaints of eight war victims, aged 61 to 73, were analyzed by means of questionnaires, a psychiatric survey, and a life history interview. All subjects met the DSM‐III‐R criteria for PTSD, with symptoms ranging from mild to very severe. The occurrence of manifest PTSD differed considerably over the years. Highly prevalent complaints included sleep disturbances, anxiety, and vital exhaustion. An increase in psychiatric complaints was often positively associated with the occurrence of stressful life events.
Development of a crime‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder scale for women within the symptom checklist‐90‐revised
Authors: Saunders Benjamin E. , Arata Catalina Mandoki , Kilpatrick Dean G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA community sample of 355 adult women were administered the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised and were assessed with structured interviews for a lifetime history of criminal victimization and Crime‐Related Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder. Using a criterion group classification approach, a 28‐item scale within the SCL‐90‐R was developed that successfully discriminated between the CR‐PTSD positive and negative respondents. Though replication and further research is needed, the developed scale may be of use for initial screening for CR‐PTSD as well as for ongoing clinical assessment and research purposes.
Serum testosterone levels in post‐traumatic stress disorder inpatients
Authors: Mason John W. , Giller Earl L. , Kosten Thomas R. , Wahby Victor S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a longitudinal clinical psychoendocrine study, serum testosterone levels (ng/dl) were measured at 2‐week intervals during the course of hospitalization in 34 male psychiatric inpatients in four diagnostic groups, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (endogenous type) (MDD‐E), paranoid schizophrenia (PS), and bipolar I disorder‐manic (BP), as well as in a group of normal male control subjects (CONT). A oneway analysis of variance revealed that the mean (±SE) testosterone levels were significantly higher (p < 0.0002) in the PTSD (578 ± 59), PS (571 ± 49), and CONT (494 ± 24) groups than in the MDD‐E (331 ± 47) and BP (351 ± 31) groups. The same group differences were significant in the first sample (p < 0.02), while in the last sample the values were significantly higher (p < 0.0004) in the PTSD (623 ± 66) and PS (566 ± 72) groups than in the CONT (482 ± 26), BP (353 ± 61), and MDD‐E (291 ± 52) groups. These preliminary findings, then, indicate that in spite of considerable depressive symptomatology, PTSD patients do not show the relatively low testosterone levels seen in major depressive disorder patients, but instead align more closely with the schizophrenic patients with regard to the pituitary‐gonadal system. There is also an indication that chronic basal testosterone levels in PTSD patients may be elevated in comparison with normal subjects. The possible link suggested by the psychoendocrine literature between testosterone levels and trait factors, particulary paranoid style, in these patient groups is considered, as is the potential application of these findings for multidimensional approaches to the development of improved biologic criteria for psychtric diagnosis.
Traumatic experiences in psychiatric outpatients
Authors: Davidson Jonathan , Smith Rebecca 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFifty‐four newly referred psychiatric outpatients were interviewed and a life history of severe traumatic experiences was taken. Forty‐four gave a positive history, 17 of whom developed symptoms of post‐traumatic stress (PTSS). Twelve met a past or current diagnosis of PTSD. Factors relating to the occurrence of PTSS included early trauma, more traumatic events, incest, perceiving the event as frightening, being physically injured, perceiving the event as being life threatening, seeing a physician, and being hospitalized. Age at trauma and differences between men and women are also discussed.
Assessment issues involving the families of trauma victims
Authors: Carroll Edward M. , Cannon Brooke J. , Foy David W. , Zwier Gail 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews the empirical literature on the clinically significant problems found within families containing a member with post‐traumatic stress disorder. Recommendations are made regarding specific instruments that can be useful for evaluating marital and familial adjustment. Assessment issues concerning the need to weigh historical relationship factors vis‐á‐vis the influences of a traumatized family member are discussed. A “multiple‐gating” model is presented for assessing different aspects of family dysfunction, and suggestions for future research and clinical directions are offered.
Prior life trauma, post‐traumatic stress symptoms, sexual disorders, and character traits in sex offenders: An exploratory study
Authors: Barnard George W. , Hankins Gary C. , Robbins Lynn 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFifty‐two residents in a forensic treatment center for convicted sex offenders were studied using a computer‐assisted assessment methodology regarding prior exposure to seven categories of major trauma, the subsequent occurrence of 15 PTSD criterion symptoms, the occurrence of sexual disorders and pathological character traits based on the DSM‐III‐R Axis II diagnostic criteria. This sample represented 43% of all individuals in such treatment in Florida during the study month. The results in terms of trauma exposure, PTS symptom, sexual disorders, and character traits are reported and discussed in relation to the relevant literature. A theoretical formulation based on object relations theory suggesting a causal link between trauma, narcissistic character pathology, adult PTSD, and sexual deviancy for some sex offenders is presented and related to the findings. The methodological limitations of the research and its implications for future research are explored.
Psychosocial correlates of fire disaster among children and adolescents
Authors: Jones Russell T. , Ribbe David P. , Cunningham Phillippe 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined the extent of children's and adolescents' psychosocial maladjustment associated with a natural disaster, namely, wildfire. The course of psychopathology was assessed six weeks after a major wildfire destroyed 420 homes. Victims' functioning relative to a comparison group from the same community, matched for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and fire insurance was examined. The major goal of this study was to assess systematically the short‐term mental health consequences of a wildfire disaster among children and adolescents. This goal was achieved through the use of standardized assessment procedures. The results of this study add useful information to the literature concerning the impact of disaster among children and adolescents and provide a methodological framework for future efforts in this area.
An unusual reaction to opioid blockade with naltrexone in a case of post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Ibarra Paloma , Bruehl Stephen P. , Carlson Charles R. , Wilson John F. , Norton Jane A. , McCubbin James A. , Montgomery Thomas B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn unusual behavioral and cardiovascular reaction was observed during opioid blockade with naltrexone in a 32‐year‐old male who met DSM III‐R criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As part of an ongoing placebo‐controlled investigation of the effects of naltrexone on laboratory and ambulatory blood pressure reactivity, this participant reported experiencing feelings of rage, explosive behavior, and other unpleasant symptoms. When compared to all other subjects (N = 24), this individual showed significantly greater effects of naltrexone on blood pressure reactivity during the laboratory stressor. His ambulatory blood pressures, when compared to placebo, were significantly increased during the 24‐hr period following naltrexone. The unusual behavioral and cardiovascular responses following ingestion of naltrexone suggest an important role for endogenous opioids in adjustment to stress in this case of PTSD.
Inpatient PTSD treatment: A study of pretreatment measures, treatment dropout, and therapist ratings of response to treatment
Authors: Munley Patrick H. , Bains Dharm S. , Frazee James , Schwartz Lawrence T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPretreatment measures including demographic variables, adjustment index variables and psychological testing variables were studied in relationship to treatment dropout and therapist ratings of overall response to treatment among PTSD veterans in an inpatient PTSD program. Analysis comparing a group of fourteen veterans who dropped out of treatment early and a random sample of fourteen who successfully completed treatment showed no significant differences. Analysis comparing a group of 35 veterans who received the highest therapist ratings on response to treatment with a group of 35 veterans receiving the lowest ratings on response to treatment also showed no significant differences. Analysis of subgroups of patients who had completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) and received high versus low therapist ratings showed one significant difference on the hypomania scale. Overall findings on the MMPI and MCMI appeared similar to other investigations of PTSD.
Stress reactions of school‐age children to the bombardment by scud missiles: A 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Schwarzwald Joseph , Weisenberg Matisyohu , Solomon Zahava , Waysman Mark 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFollow‐up long‐term stress effects to bombardment by scud missiles were restudied 1 year following the Persian Gulf war in a group of 326 6th, 8th, and 11th grade children from areas hit and not hit by the missiles. Postwar stress reactions were assessed by a continuous global symptom score (Frederick and Pynoos, 1988) and by a dichotomous PTSD index. Overall, a large drop in stress reactions was obtained with lapse of time. Residual long‐term stress reactions were found to be associated with higher immediate (4‐week) stress reactions, a greater degree of exposure, and younger age. Results were discussed in relation to residual and evaporation of stress reaction effects as well as in terms of childhood resilience.
Lithium for irritability in post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Forster Peter L. , Schoenfeld Frank B. , Marmar Charles R. , Lang Ariel Janna 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIrritability is often a problem for patients with Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We describe two cases that illustrate the use of lithium in the treatment of veterans with PTSD who complained of serious problems with irritability or angry outbursts. These cases are discussed in the context of evidence that lithium may be useful in other patients with disorders of impulse control. The evidence linking disorders of anger and impulse control to a dysregulation in neurotransmitter regulation, particularly in serotonergic pathways, supports a psychopharmacologic approach to treatment. These findings should lead to further study of the role of lithium in the treatment of this symptom complex in patients with PTSD.
From denial to recognition: Attitudes toward holocaust survivors from world war II to the present
Authors: Solomon Zahava 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the complex attitudes of Israeli society and mental health professionals toward the surivors of the Nazi Holocaust. While the nascent state of Israel provided refuge for the Holocaust survivors and offered them a new identity and opportunity to rebuild their lives, it also demanded that they abnegate their former identities, their Holocaust experiences above all and repress all the emotional problems that the Holocaust created. In the nearly 5 decades since the first survivors arrived on Israel's shores with their accounts of barely imaginable horror society's attitudes toward the survivors have traced a tortured course, throughout which the views of the helping professions have mirrored, rather than led, those of the general public. This paper describes the process of change in attitudes and attempts to explain this process.
Attitudes of therapists toward Holocaust survivors
Authors: Ofri Irit , Solomon Zahava , Dasberg Haim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined current feelings and attitudes toward Holocaust survivors in a sample of 205 Israeli mental health professionals. Subjects were asked to read two vignettes each describing an aged trauma victim who has recently applied for treatment. The first vignette presented a Holocaust survivor and the second a war veteran. The two “patients” were otherwise similar in background and clinical picture. After reading each vignette, subjects were asked to report their feelings toward the patient. Subjects also completed a detailed questionnaire that assessed attitudes on several issues related to the Holocaust. Feelings toward the Holocaust survivor were found to be more intense and more positive than feelings toward the combat veteran. Therapists' attitudes toward Holocaust survivors were also found to be highly and consistently positive. Compared to previous reports, they appear to reflect a change of heart in relation to the past. Therapist background variables were not found to play a major role in determining attitudes toward Holocaust survivors.