bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fatal Case of Suspected Anaphylaxis with Cefoperazone and Sulbactam: LC‐MS Analysis
Authors: Tsujikawa Kenji , Kuwayama Kenji , Miyaguchi Hajime , Kanamori Tatsuyuki , Iwata Yuko , Inoue Hiroyuki , Kishi Tohru 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:Cefoperazone and sublactam are prescribed in combination and used in the treatment of moderate to severe bacterial infections. Serious anaphylaxis is a rare side effect. This report describes a fatal case of suspected anaphylaxis after intravenous administration of a combination of the two drugs. Heart blood was analyzed for cefoperazone by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and by liquid‐liquid precipitation for sublactam after protein precipitation with aqueous acetonitrile, followed by tandem mass spectrometry in the product ion scan mode for identification and by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode for quantitation. Calibration curves for cefoperazone and sublactam were linear over the range 0.07 to 1.93 and 0.046 to 0.914 μg/ml respectively. The decedent's blood concentrations of cefoperazone and sublactam were 0.368 and 0.143 μg/ml respectively. As these concentrations were below concentrations reported after single dosing studies and below those considered to be minimally inhibitory, death was presumed to have been caused by hypersensitivity and not an overdose. In conclusion, this procedure is useful for detecting and quantitating cefoperazone and sublactam in postmortem blood and may be useful in the evaluation of anaphylaxis.
Positive Identification of the Principal Component of a White Powder as Scopolamine by Quantitative One‐Dimensional and Two‐Dimensional NMR Techniques
Authors: Henderson Terry J. , Cullinan David B. , Lawrence Richard J. , Oyler Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:An unidentified white powder collected as evidence in an intelligence investigation was characterized exclusively by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. A small fraction of the powder dissolved in D2O was subjected to a series of one‐ and two‐dimensional techniques which were used to elucidate the molecular structure of the powder’s major component and positively identify it as the scopolamine biotoxin. Quantitative one‐dimensional experiments identified individual proton and carbon atom sites, and conventional 14N spectroscopy detected a single nitrogen atom site. Heteronuclear single quantum coherence data correlated all protons to their directly bonded carbon atom, and together with the quantitative spectra, were used to determine the number of protons directly bonded to each carbon atom. The presence of a methyl, carboxyl, and a benzyl group was also identified from these data. Correlation spectroscopy detected a three proton and a nine proton JH,H network, representing a CH2CH moiety and seven carbon atom ring, respectively. These five elements were assembled into an almost complete molecular structure by using long‐range, J‐coupled, 1H–13C pairs detected by heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectroscopy and 1H–1H dipolar‐coupled pairs found from nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) data. Additional oxygen atom sites were inferred from 1H–13C correlation intensities in the HMBC spectra along with 1H and 13C chemical shift values, or directly from NOESY correlations. Only a single oxygen atom site could not be inferred from NMR data, but its presence was inferred from comparisons to target analyte structures to complete the structure of the scopolamine molecule. To confirm these results, an ethanol/H2O solution of the powder was analyzed by direct infusion into an ion trap mass spectrometer. A prominent base signal was observed at m/z 304.1 amu, corresponding to the protonated molecular ion of scopolamine. Subsequently, the ion was selected and subjected to collision‐induced dissociation, producing characteristic major MS/MS fragments at m/z 138.1 and 156.1. Comparisons of 1H and 13C chemical shift values and JH,H values measured from our NMR data were found to agree very favorably with previously reported values for scopolamine in D2O.
The Effects of Deprivation on the Time Spent Examining Crime Scenes and the Recovery of DNA and Fingerprints
Authors: Adderley Richard , Bond John W. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:DNA and fingerprint identifications are now accepted as an integral part of the investigation of a wide range of criminal offences from burglary and auto crime to serious and major crime. Despite this, there is still much variation between U.K. police forces in the recovery of fingerprint and DNA material from crime scenes. Analysis of burglary and auto crime data for Northamptonshire, U.K., during a 3‐year period has enabled an examination of the relationship between the deprivation of the neighborhood in which the crime was committed and the level of service provided by Crime Scene Examiners. The results indicate that the time spent examining a crime scene for forensic evidence is not affected by the deprivation of the neighborhood. Further, there is no statistical significance between deprivation and the recovery of fingerprints from the crime scene. The relationship between deprivation and DNA recovery is, however, statistically significant with DNA being recovered more frequently from less deprived neighborhoods.
Decompression retinopathy and possible risk factors
Authors: Saricaoglu Murat Sinan , Kalayci Defne , Guven Dilek , Karakurt Ahmet , Hasiripi Hikmet 
Published: February 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  To discuss the underlying mechanisms in decompression retinopathy.Methods:  Report of two cases.Results:  Retinal hemorrhages secondary to decompression retinopathy occurred following combined trabeculotomy‐trabeculectomy with mitomycine‐C (MMC) in one eye of a case of congenital glaucoma and pars plana vitrectomy‐lensectomy in a case of vitreous condensation secondary to pars planitis. Both cases were operated under general anesthesia. Postoperative hypotony did not take place in either eye. The same surgical procedure was performed on the other eye of the patient with congenital glaucoma 1 week apart. Postoperative decompression retinopathy was not seen in this eye despite hypotony was recorded.Conclusion:  Valsalva manoeuvre, hypotony and other factors may play a role individually or in combination in the pathogenesis of decompression retinopathy.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Frequency of Eight Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Genetic Thrombophilic Factors in Czech Women
Authors: Subrt Ivan , Ulcova‐Gallova Zdenka , Bibkova Katarina , Micanova Zdenka , Hejnalova Marketa , Cerna Monika , Hradecky Libor , Novotny Zdenek 
Published: February 2008

ProblemThe aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of eight antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) in serum, four genetic thrombophilic factors and their mutual relation in 206 patients with repeated pregnancy loss (RPL).Method of studyEnzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used for detection of aPLs against ph‐serine, ph‐ethanolamine, ph‐inositol, DL‐glycerol, phosphatidic acid, anti‐annexin V, cardiolipin, and beta2‐GPI. FV 1691G>A (Leiden mutation), FII 20210G>A mutation, MTHFR 677C>T and MTHFR 1298A>C variant genotypes were determined using a melting curve analysis of the PCR amplification product detected by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Genotypic distribution and allelic frequencies were calculated. Correlation between aPLs and thrombophilic factors was tested by chi‐square and Fisher exact test.ResultsOur results show significantly increased prevalence of aPLs against ph‐inositol (17–19.6% dependent on number of spontaneous miscarriages) and against ph‐serine (18–25%). aPLs in IgG prevail. In 96% of the studied group, at least one risk factor was found (either aPLs positivity or thrombophilic factor). Both aPLs and thrombophilic factors were present in 43%. In the group of women with three or more RPLs, strong positive correlation of aPLs positivity and thrombophilic risk factors was observed.ConclusionAntiphospholipide antibodies and genetic thrombophilic factors are important risk factors in the pathogenesis of RPL. Both autoantibodies against various kinds of phospholipides and genetic thrombophilic factors must be studied together in diagnosis of RPL for appropriate treatment.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: V‐Chain Preference of Gamma/Delta T‐Cell Receptors in Peripheral Blood During Term Labor
Authors: Barakonyi Aliz , Miko Eva , Varga Peter , Szekeres‐Bartho Julia 
Published: February 2008

ProblemAn altered function of the maternal immune system creates a favorable environment for the developing fetus during pregnancy. At term, new regulatory mechanisms are activated, to initiate labor. Earlier we showed that in peripheral blood of pregnant women gamma/delta T cells of cytotoxic phenotype are replaced by those of a non‐cytotoxic phenotype. Here we studied the Vgamma and Vdelta chain usage of peripheral gamma/delta T cells from women in labor.Method of studyVgamma and Vdelta chain expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained at the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and during parturition were examined by immuncytochemistry and flow cytometry.ResultsIncreased % of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 and decreased % of Vgamma4/Vdelta1 T cells were found in peripheral blood during labor, together with unaltered percentages of single Vgamma+ or Vdelta+ cells. The initially high Vgamma4/Vdelta1 to Vgamma9/Vdelta2 ratio decreased during labor.ConclusionThe initiation of labor is characterized by an altered V‐chain usage of gamma/delta T cells.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Occasional Antiphospholipid Antibody Positive Patients with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Also Merit Aspirin Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort‐Control Study
Authors: Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi , Ozaki Yasuhiko , Nakanishi Tamao , Sato Takeshi , Suzumori Nobuhiro , Kumagai Kyoko 
Published: February 2008

ProblemIt is well known that treatment with aspirin plus heparin is effective for patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) to prevent pregnancy loss. However, it is unclear if occasional antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are a risk factor and whether patients with aPL at one time point but not diagnosed as APS should be treated.Method of studyWe therefore studied whether aspirin alone is effective in patients with occasional aPL who did not meet the criteria for APS. We compared live birth rates between 52 patients with occasional aPL treated with aspirin and 672 unexplained patients with no medication. Patients in both group had a history of two or three pregnancy losses.ResultsIn all, 44 of 52 patients (84.6%) with occasional aPL could experience live birth when treated with aspirin alone. 509 of 672 patients (75.7%) with unexplained pregnancy losses could have babies. When miscarriage cases caused by an abnormal embryonic karyotype were excluded, the success rates were 95.7% (44/46) and 81.2% (509/621), respectively. The live birth rate in patients with occasional aPL treated with aspirin was significantly higher than that in unexplained patients with no medication (P = 0.008).ConclusionWe therefore conclude that aspirin is also useful in patients with occasional aPL but not APS.
Expression of two drug‐metabolizing cytochrome P450‐enzymes in human salivary glands
Authors: Kragelund C , Hansen C , Torpet LA , Nauntofte B , Brøsen K , Pedersen AML , Buchwald C , Therkildsen MH , Reibel J 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  The oral cavity is constantly lubricated by saliva and even small amounts of xenobiotics and / or their metabolites in the saliva may affect the oral mucosa. Our aim was therefore to clarify if xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are expressed in salivary glands.Methods:  Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens from parotid (10), submandibular (7) and labial (10) salivary glands were examined immunohistochemically and by in situ hybridization for expression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 protein and mRNA.Results:  CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 protein and mRNA were detected in ductal and seromucous / serous acinar cells in all gland types although to a varying degree and intensity. Mucous acinar cells were positive to a lesser extent.Conclusion:  The results indicate a xenobiotic metabolizing capability of salivary glands. This may have implications for development of oral mucosal disease as a result of mucosal exposure to metabolites originating from internal sources (blood) as well as from saliva.
Late onset of a facial variant of steatocystoma multiplex – Calretinin as a specific marker of the follicular companion cell layer
Authors: Riedel Christian , Brinkmeier Thomas , Kutzner Heinz , Plewig Gerd , Frosch Peter J. 
Published: February 2008

SummarySteatocystoma multiplex is a rare, almost exclusively autosomal dominant disease of the sebaceous glands. The sites of predilection are the sternal region, upper back, axillae and proximal parts of the extremities. A 78‐year‐old woman developed multiple yellowish nodules only on the face over a few months. Histology revealed large cysts with a thin wall and connection to sebaceous glands. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the inner epithelial layer of the cysts was positive with calre‐tinin. With curettage and CO2 laser therapy, a good cosmetic result was achieved. This is the first case report in the German literature of a rare sporadic form of steatocystoma multiplex with late onset and exclusive localization in the face.
Congenital syphilis re‐emerging
Authors: Simms Ian , Broutet Nathalie 
Published: February 2008

SummaryWorldwide, of the 12 million people infected with syphilis every year, two million are pregnant women. An estimated 50 % of these pregnancies will end in fetal or perinatal death, low birth weight babies or babies born with congenital syphilis. The World Health Organization is developing control strategies for the developing world. Cases of congenital syphilis are costly to health care systems but can be prevented through antenatal screening and treatment. The evolving European syphilis epidemic has resulted in an increased incidence of infection in reproductive age women and the emergence of cases of congenital syphilis. This reflects a failure of prenatal care delivery systems as well as syphilis control programs.
Successful treatment of primary chronic osteomyelitis in SAPHO syndrome with bisphosphonates
Authors: Just Alexander , Adams Sabine , Brinkmeier Thomas , Barsegian Vahé , Lorenzen Johannes , Schilling Fritz , Frosch Peter 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe treatment of the painful osteomyelitis in patients with SAPHO syndrome (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis) is often a problem. A 53‐year‐old woman had experienced palmo‐plantar pustular skin lesions for four years, and in the past two years complained about progressive breath‐and movement‐dependent pain of the sternum. On examination she had extensive palmoplantar pustules and a painful swelling in the area of the right sternoclavicular joint. The three‐phase bone scintigraphy showed a strong focal enrichment in the right sternoclavicular joint and at the transition from the manubrium to the corpus sterni suggesting active osteo‐chondritis. Initially prednisolone and ibuprofen were administered, but only the skin changes regressed. The strong sternal pain decreased only after infusion of 4 mg zoledronic acid over three days. In a follow‐up examination after five months the patient was still free of pain. The bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclastic activity and lead to long‐lasting improvement of osteo‐articular complaints in the SAPHO syndrome.
Factory packed and expired – about emergency insect sting kits
Authors: Fischer Jörg , Knaudt Björn , Caroli Ulrich M. , Biedermann Tilo 
Published: February 2008

Summary Background: Patients allergic to insect venom are instructed to always carry emergency medication–an emergency kit. According to the current guidelines, these emergency kits should contain a H1‐receptor‐blocking antihistamine and corticosteroid for oral use, as well as an epinephrine inhaler and in particular situations an epinephrine auto‐injector. Patients and Methods: For quality management reasons patients with wasp venom allergy who presented for sting challenge provocation test were told to demonstrate their emergency kits. Concomitantly, constituents of the patient's emergency kits were checked for date of expiry of the medication and the patients were interviewed on storage and use of the emergency kits. Results: In total 42 patients with a median duration time of systemic immunotherapy of 2.5 year were evaluated. Medication post date of expiration was found in 54% of the kits (n = 39). Only 31% of the patients could demonstrate how to use the kits correctly. Problems were especially evident concerning for using the application of the inhaler and auto‐injector. 50% of the patients demonstrated using epinephrine auto‐injectors in such way that an accidental injection into the fingers would have resulted. Conclusion: To assure safe and effective handling of all components of the emergency kit, continuous training and repeated supervised practice is necessary.
Lepidopterism — oak processionary caterpillar dermatitis: Appearance after indirect out‐of‐season contact
Authors: Maronna Andreas , Stache Heiko , Sticherling Michael 
Published: February 2008

SummaryLepidopterism by contact with oak processionary caterpillars is becoming more frequent in Germany and is often described in the lay press. The hairs of the adolescent caterpillars cause localized and generalized mechanic‐irritative, toxic and allergic skin reactions. We describe the oak processionary caterpillar dermatitis in a married couple caused by indirect contact via their dog's saliva, after the dog had oral contact with an abandoned caterpillar nest in winter and became ill. Accordingly, the recommendation for prophylaxis by avoiding contact with oak processionary caterpillars has to be extended beyond the direct contact with caterpillars in summer.
Structural heterogeneity and productivity of a tall fescue pasture grazed rotationally by cattle at four stocking densities
Authors: Cid Maria Silvia , Ferri Carlos M. , Brizuela Miguel A. , Sala Osvaldo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe spatial heterogeneity in the structure and the productivity of the vegetation was examined in a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pasture rotationally grazed at four stocking densities in the Pampean region of Argentina. The examined pasture was grazed at the stocking densities of 3.6, 4.6, 5.6 and 6.6 animals ha−1 with a two‐paddock 14‐day rotational grazing system. Spatial distribution of plant height was examined as well as the percentages of short patch area (heavily utilized patches) or tall patch area (areas ungrazed or lightly defoliated). In addition, biomass, growth rate and relative growth rate were assessed for both short and tall patches. Grazing generated patchiness in vegetation structure and growth at all stocking densities. Increased stocking density caused an increase in the percentage of the short patch area in the paddocks. Short patches had relatively less live biomass than tall ones, but their relative growth rate was 31% higher than that of tall patches (0.021 ± 0.007 vs 0.016 ± 0.005 g DM g DM−1 day−1). The increase in stocking density enlarged the proportion of short patch areas with higher relative growth rate. The relative growth rate (average between short and tall patches) of the two highest stocking densities was 61.7% higher than that of the low stocking density treatments (0.023 ± 0.006 vs 0.014 ± 0.004 g DM g DM−1 day−1). Although the growth rate of the short patches did not exceed the value of the tall patches, the high value of relative growth rate appeared to indicate a higher photosynthetic capacity of the short patches. Moreover, live biomass did not decrease during the experimental period even in the short patch areas showing that, in the particular conditions of our study, overgrazing did not occur at the range of the stocking density examined.
THE ORIGIN OF THE PERMO‐TRIASSIC GAS ACCUMULATIONS IN THE IRANIAN ZAGROS FOLDBELT AND CONTIGUOUS OFFSHORE AREAS: A REVIEW OF THE PALAEOZOIC PETROLEUM SYSTEM
Authors: Bordenave M. L. 
Published: February 2008

More than 1500 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of gas reserves have been discovered in Permo‐Triassic carbonates sealed by thick Triassic anhydrites in the Zagros Foldbelt (SW Iran), the southern part of the Gulf (Iran, Qatar, and Abu Dhabi) and Saudi Arabia. This paper discusses the origins of this gas in terms of source rock distribution and thermal maturation through time (as indicated by modelling), regional variations in thermal maturation (as indicated by cumulative isopachs), and long‐range migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon prior to the Zagros orogeny. The sequence of events leading to the present‐day distribution of gas accumulations is reconstructed in detail.The only important source rocks so far identified in the Late Proterozoic to Late Triassic succession are organic‐rich, radioactive shales which are dated as Llandoverian (early Silurian). Oil generation began in the Middle Jurassic in areas of greatest subsidence, while the gas window was reached locally as early as the Middle Cretaceous. Huge volumes of oil, then of gas, accumulated in a few major regional highs and salt‐related structures prior to the Zagros orogeny. Part of the gas was lost during Zagros folding as some of the anticlines were breached, and another portion, possibly associated with light oil, remigrated into unbreached Zagros anticlines.Among critical parameters essential to the appraisal of the numerous Permo‐Triassic prospects present in Lurestan, Fars and in the Iranian Offshore, three are discussed in this paper, namely (i) the location of prospects in comparison to pre‐Zagros regional highs and to reconstructed pre‐Zagros gas accumulations; (ii) the characteristics of potential reservoir intervals in the Dalan/Kangan Formation; and (iii) the extent of the Dashtak evaporitic seal. The distribution of surface oil, bitumen and gas seepages together with indirect hydrocarbon indications provides an additional exploration tool.
Mouse models of human arrhythmia syndromes
Authors: Killeen M. J. , Thomas G. , Sabir I. N. , Grace A. A. , Huang C. L.‐H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSudden cardiac death stemming from ventricular arrhythmogenesis is one of the major causes of mortality in the developed world. Congenital and acquired forms of long QT syndrome (LQTS) are in turn associated with life threatening arrhythmias. Over the past decade our understanding of arrhythmogenic mechanisms in the setting of these diseases has increased greatly due to the creation of a number of animal models. Of these, the genetically amenable mouse has proved to be a particularly powerful tool. This review summarizes the congenital and acquired LQTS and describes the various mouse models that have been created to further probe arrhythmogenic mechanisms.
A revisionist model of hospital licensure
Authors: Blum John 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article explores the use of a new governance approach in the context of American acute care hospital regulation, specifically focusing on the core regulatory process of licensure. This article calls for the alteration of current command and control regulations through the adoption of a four‐part revisionist licensing model. The model seeks to reinvigorate the licensing process by making it not only more relevant to efficient operations, but also adaptable to current industry challenges. Based generally on alternative regulatory models such as responsive regulation, meta‐regulation, and management‐based regulation, the revisionist licensing proposal is driven by the broad goals of bureaucratic reduction, participatory regulation, and more focused obligations. Elements of the model include refocusing on baseline requirements, problem identification and correction, negotiated obligations, and alteration of the structure of oversight. Specific application examples are provided in the areas of charity care and health planning.