bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposable Formulation of Transmission Constraints for Decentralized Power Systems Optimization
Authors: Xavier Álinson Santos , Dey Santanu Subhas , Qiu Feng 
Published: February 2024

One of the most complicating factors in decentralized solution methods for a broad range of power system optimization problems is the modeling of power flow equations. Existing formulations for direct current power flows either have limited scalability or are very dense and unstructured, making them unsuitable for large-scale decentralized studies. In this work, we present a novel sparsified variant of the injection shift factors formulation, which has a decomposable block-diagonal structure and scales well for large systems. We also propose a decentralized solution method, based on the alternating direction multiplier method, that efficiently handles transmission line outages in N-1 security requirements. Benchmarks on multizonal security-constrained unit commitment problems show that the proposed formulation and algorithm can reliably and efficiently solve interconnection-level test systems with up to 6,515 buses with no convergence or numerical issues. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods & Analysis. Funding: This work was partially supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development funding from Argonne National Laboratory provided by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy [Grant DE-AC02-06CH11357]. This work was also partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Grid Modeling Program [Grant DE-OE0000875]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0326 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0326 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Decision Diagram-Based Branch-and-Bound with Caching for Dominance and Suboptimality Detection
Authors: Coppé Vianney , Gillard Xavier , Schaus Pierre 
Published: February 2024

The branch-and-bound algorithm based on decision diagrams is a framework for solving discrete optimization problems with a dynamic programming formulation. It works by compiling a series of bounded-width decision diagrams that can provide lower and upper bounds for any given subproblem. Eventually, every part of the search space will be either explored or pruned by the algorithm, thus proving optimality. This paper presents new ingredients to speed up the search by exploiting the structure of dynamic programming models. The key idea is to prevent the repeated expansion of nodes corresponding to the same dynamic programming states by querying expansion thresholds cached throughout the search. These thresholds are based on dominance relations between partial solutions previously found and on pruning inequalities given by rough upper bounds and local bounds — two additional filtering techniques recently introduced. Computational experiments show that the pruning brought by this caching mechanism allows for significantly reducing the number of nodes expanded by the algorithm. This results in more benchmark instances of difficult optimization problems being solved in less time while using narrower decision diagrams. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design and Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0340 ), as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0340 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Organizational and Economic Obstacles to Automation: A Cautionary Tale from AT&T in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Feigenbaum James , Gross Daniel P. 
Published: February 2024

AT&T was the largest U.S. firm for most of the 20th century. Telephone operators once comprised more than 50% of its workforce, but in the late 1910s, it initiated a decades-long process of automating telephone operation with mechanical call switching—a technology invented in the 1880s. We study what drove AT&T to do so and why it took nearly a century. Interdependencies between call switching and nearly every other activity in AT&T’s business presented obstacles to change: Telephone operators were the fulcrum of a complex production system that had developed around them, and automation only began after the firm and new technology were adapted to work together. Even then, automatic switching was only profitable in larger markets—hence, diffusion expanded when the technology improved or service areas grew. The example suggests even narrowly defined tasks can be difficult to automate if they interact with many others. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: The authors thank the Duke University Fuqua School of Business and Harvard Business School Division of Research and Faculty Development for financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01760 .
Survivalist Organizing in Urban Poverty Contexts
Authors: Weiss Tim , Lounsbury Michael , Bruton Garry 
Published: February 2024

Institutional scholarship on organizing in poverty contexts has focused on the constraining nature of extant institutions and the need for external actors to make transformative change interventions to alleviate poverty. Comparatively little attention has been paid to the potentially enabling nature of extant institutions in poverty contexts. We argue that more empirical work is needed to deepen our understanding of self-organizing processes that actors embedded in such contexts generate in their own efforts to survive. Drawing on the social worlds approach to institutional analysis, we shed light on how actors self-organize to produce enduring organizational arrangements to safeguard themselves against adverse poverty outcomes. Employing data from fieldwork and interviews collected in the urban neighborhood of Dagoretti Corner in Nairobi, Kenya, we examine the colocation of 105 largely identical auto repair businesses in close spatial proximity. We find that actors leverage an indigenous institution—the societal ethos of Harambee—to enable a process we identify as “survivalist organizing.” Based on our research, we argue that survivalist organizing incorporates four interlocking survival mechanisms: cultivating interbusiness solidarity, maintaining precarious interbusiness relationships, redistributing resources to prevent business deaths, and generating collective philanthropy to avoid personal destitution. We develop a new research agenda on the institutional study of self-organizing in poverty contexts focused on strengthening rather than supplanting urbanized indigenous institutions that catalyze collective self-organizing. Funding: This work was supported by the China National Science Foundation [Grants 72091310 and 72091315].
CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder: Some Lessons Learned 20 Years After the First Description
Authors: Pestana Knight Elia M. , Olson Heather E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Loss of function variants in the Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 gene (CDKL5) causes CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). Most cases of CDD are due to a de novo missense or truncating variants. The CDKL5 gene was discovered in 1998 as part of the genomic mapping of the chromosome Xp22 region that led to the discovery of the serine-threonine kinases STK9. Since then, there have been significant advancements in the description of the disease in humans, the understanding of the pathophysiology, and the management of the disease. There have been many lessons learned since the initial description of the condition in humans in 2003. In this article, we will focus on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, with particular focus on seizures because of its relevance to the medical practitioners and researchers and guidelines for management. We finalize the manuscript with the voice of the parents and caregivers, as discussed with the 2019 meeting with the Food and Drug Administration.
The Power of Partnerships to Identify and Address Mental Health Concerns Experienced by Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lunsky Yona , Lake Johanna , Thakur Anupam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There are significant research gaps with regard to understanding and addressing the mental health concerns of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their families. In this article, we reflect on research we have carried out about mental health and IDD prior to and during the pandemic in Ontario, Canada. We aim to address how partnering with people with IDD, family caregivers, service providers, and policy makers can help accelerate needed progress in this area. We conclude with some lessons learned during the pandemic about what to emphasize in building and maintaining such partnerships.
Miniaturizing a coherent beam combining system into a compact laser diode module
Authors: Mourikis Christos , Sahm Alexander , Hildenstein Philipp , Paschke Katrin , Tränkle Günther 
Published: February 2024

We present a laser module with dimensions of 76×43×15mm3 that for the first time to our knowledge realizes a coherent beam combination in such a compact device, using two tapered amplifiers seeded by a distributed Bragg reflector ridge waveguide laser diode operating at 761 nm in a single longitudinal mode. The generated combined optical power is up to 5 W continuous wave with a combing efficiency of 85%. The phase of the system is controlled by the current in the ridge waveguide section of one of the tapered amplifiers. The phase-stabilization process is automated using a reverse hill-climbing algorithm and an ATmega328P microcontroller.
Risks in the analogue and digitally-supported medication process and potential solutions to increase patient safety in the hospital: A mixed methods study
Authors: Kopanz Julia , Lichtenegger Katharina , Schwarz Christine , Wimmer Melanie , Kamolz Lars Peter , Pieber Thomas , Sendlhofer Gerald , Mader Julia , Hoffmann Magdalena 
Published: February 2024

Background
In hospital medication errors are common. Our aim was to investigate risks of the analogue and digitally-supported medication process and any potential solutions.

Methods
A mixed methods study including a structured literature search and online questionnaires based on the Delphi method was conducted. First, all risks were structured into main and sub-risks and second, risks were grouped into risk clusters. Third, healthcare experts assessed risk clusters regarding their likelihood of occurrence their possible impact on patient safety. Experts were also asked to estimate the potential for digital solutions and solutions that strengthen the competence of healthcare professionals.

Results
Overall, 160 main risks and 542 sub-risks were identified. Main risks were grouped into 43 risk clusters. 33 healthcare experts (56% female, 50% with >20 years professional-experience) ranked the likelihood of occurrence and the impact on patient safety in the top 15 risk clusters regarding the process steps: admission (n = 4), prescribing (n = 3), verifying (n = 1), preparing/dispensing (n = 3), administering (n = 1), discharge (n = 1), healthcare professional competence (n = 1), and patient adherence (n = 1). 28 healthcare experts (64% female, 43% with >20 years professional-experience) mostly suggested awareness building and training, strengthened networking, and involvement of pharmacists at point-of-care as likely solutions to strengthen healthcare professional competence. For digital solutions they primarily suggested a digital medication list, digital warning systems, barcode-technology, and digital support in integrated care.

Conclusions
The medication process holds a multitude of potential risks, in both the analogue and the digital medication process. Different solutions to strengthen healthcare professional competence and in the area of digitalization were identified that could help increase patient safety and minimize possible errors.
Can the combination of antiplatelet or alteplase thrombolytic therapy with argatroban benefit patients suffering from acute stroke? a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Authors: Xie Haiyan , Chen Ying , Ge Wukun , Xu Xiuping , Liu Chengjiang , Lan Zhiyong , Yang Yina 
Published: February 2024

Background
The effectiveness of administering argatroban as a treatment approach following antiplatelet therapy or alteplase thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute stroke is presently uncertain. However, it is important to highlight the potential benefits of combining this medication with known thrombolytics or antiplatelet therapy. One notable advantage of argatroban is its short half-life, which helps minimize excessive anticoagulation and risk of bleeding complications in inadvertent cases of hemorrhagic stroke. By conducting a meticulous review and meta-analysis, we aim to further explore the common use of argatroban and examine the plausible advantages of combining this medication with established thrombolytic and antiplatelet therapies.

Method
In this study, we performed a rigorous and methodical search for both randomized controlled trials and retrospective analyses. Our main objective was to analyze the impact of argatroban on the occurrence of hemorrhagic events and the mRS scores of 0–2. We utilized a meta-analysis to assess the relative risk (RR) associated with using argatroban versus not using it.

Results
In this study, we analyzed data from 11 different studies, encompassing a total of 8,635 patients. Out of these patients, 3999(46.3%) received argatroban treatment while the remaining 4636(53.7%)did not. The primary outcome of 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score≤2) showed that the risk ratio (RR) for patients using argatroban after alteplase thrombolytic therapy compared to those not using argatroban was(RR, 1.00 ([95% CI, 0.92–1.09]; P = 0.97), indicating no statistical significance. However, for patients using argatroban after antiplatelet therapy, was (RR,1.09 [95% CI, 1.04–1.14]; P = 0.0001), which was statistically significant. In terms of hemorrhagic events, the RR for patients using argatroban compared to those not using argatroban was (RR,1.08 [95% CI, 0.88–1.33]; P = 0.46), indicating no statistical significance.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that further research into combination therapy with argatroban and antiplatelet agents may be warranted, however more rigorous RCTs are needed to definitively evaluate the effects of combination treatment.
CONSUMO E GASTOS COM MEDICAMENTOS DO COMPONENTE ESPECIALIZADO DA ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2012 A 2021
Authors: Bazoni Patrícia Silva , Faria Ronaldo José , Santos Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro dos , Barbalho Ingridy Marina Pierre , Silva Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da 
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Estimar o consumo e gastos com os medicamentos do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF) no Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de séries temporais, com base em dados sobre o consumo e gastos com os medicamentos do CEAF no Brasil, no período de 2012 a 2021. Os dados deste estudo foram extraídos por meio do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIA/SUS) e do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde (SIOPS). Resultados: Foram identificadas diferenças importantes na contabilização dos gastos com medicamentos do CEAF pelo SIA/SUS e SIOPS, sendo que os gastos do SIA/SUS estavam subestimados em relação aos registrados no SIOPS. De acordo com o SIA/SUS, a região Sudeste foi a que apresentou maiores gastos com os medicamentos do CEAF, seguida das regiões Sul, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte. Além disso, quando se verifica as quantidades de unidades farmacêuticas adquiridas, foi observado um aumento gradativo com o passar dos anos (2012 - 2021). Conclusão: Os gastos com os medicamentos do CEAF mantiveram-se estacionários ao longo dos anos. Em contrapartida, identificou-se tendência de aumento das unidades farmacêuticas adquiridas ao longo dos anos, o que aponta para eficiência na utilização dos recursos públicos.
Cathepsin X deficiency alters the processing and localisation of cathepsin L and impairs cleavage of a nuclear cathepsin L substrate
Authors: Xu Bangyan , Anderson Bethany M. , Mountford Simon J. , Thompson Philip E. , Mintern Justine D. , Edgington-Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Proteases function within sophisticated networks. Altering the activity of one protease can have sweeping effects on other proteases, leading to changes in their activity, structure, specificity, localisation, stability, and expression. Using a suite of chemical tools, we investigated the impact of cathepsin X, a lysosomal cysteine protease, on the activity and expression of other cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in dendritic cells. Among all proteases examined, cathepsin X gene deletion specifically altered cathepsin L levels; pro-cathepsin L and its single chain accumulated while the two-chain form was unchanged. This effect was recapitulated by chemical inhibition of cathepsin X, suggesting a dependence on its catalytic activity. We demonstrated that accumulation of pro- and single chain cathepsin L was not due to a lack of direct cleavage by cathepsin X or altered glycosylation, secretion, or mRNA expression but may result from changes in lysosomal oxidative stress or pH. In the absence of active cathepsin X, nuclear cathepsin L and cleavage of the known nuclear cathepsin L substrate, Lamin B1, were diminished. Thus, cathepsin X activity selectively regulates cathepsin L, which has the potential to impact the degree of cathepsin L proteolysis, the nature of substrates that it cleaves, and the location of cleavage.
A study on intelligent translation of English sentences by a semantic feature extractor
Authors: Jiang Shulun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In order to enhance the performance of machine translation, this article briefly introduced algorithms that can be used to extract semantic feature vectors. Then, the aforementioned algorithms were integrated with the encoder–decoder translation algorithm, and the resulting algorithms were subsequently tested. First, the performance of the semantic recognition of the long short-term memory (LSTM)-based semantic feature extractor was tested, followed by a comparison with the translation algorithm that does not include semantic features, as well as the translation algorithm that incorporates convolutional neural network-extracted semantic features. The findings demonstrated that the LSTM-based semantic feature extractor accurately identified the semantics of the source language. The proposed translation algorithm, which is based on LSTM semantic features, achieved more accurate translations compared to the other two algorithms. Furthermore, it was less affected by the length of the source language.
Electrically tunable plasmonic metasurface as a matrix of nanoantennas
Authors: Mayoral Astorga Luis Angel , Shabaninezhad Masoud , Northfield Howard , Ntais Spyridon , Rashid Sabaa , Lisicka-Skrzek Ewa , Mehrvar Hamid , Bernier Eric , Goodwill Dominic , Ramunno Lora , Berini Pierre 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We report the fabrication and characterization of a plasmonic metasurface comprising electrically-contacted sub-wavelength gold dipole nanoantennas, conformally coated by a thin hafnia film, an indium tin oxide layer and a backside mirror, forming metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors, for use as an electrically-tunable reflectarray or metasurface. By voltage biasing the nanoantennas through metallic connectors and leveraging the carrier refraction effect in the MOS capacitors, our measurements demonstrate phase control in reflection over a range of about 30°, with a constant magnitude of reflection coefficient of 0.5, and the absence of secondary lobes. Comprehensive electromagnetic and quantum carrier models of the structure are developed and are in excellent agreement with the measurements. The metasurface holds promise for use as an optical phased array.
Sample-efficient inverse design of freeform nanophotonic devices with physics-informed reinforcement learning
Authors: Park Chaejin , Kim Sanmun , Jung Anthony W. , Park Juho , Seo Dongjin , Kim Yongha , Park Chanhyung , Park Chan Y. , Jang Min Seok 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Finding an optimal device structure in the vast combinatorial design space of freeform nanophotonic design has been an enormous challenge. In this study, we propose physics-informed reinforcement learning (PIRL) that combines the adjoint-based method with reinforcement learning to improve the sample efficiency by an order of magnitude compared to conventional reinforcement learning and overcome the issue of local minima. To illustrate these advantages of PIRL over other conventional optimization algorithms, we design a family of one-dimensional metasurface beam deflectors using PIRL, exceeding most reported records. We also explore the transfer learning capability of PIRL that further improves sample efficiency and demonstrate how the minimum feature size of the design can be enforced in PIRL through reward engineering. With its high sample efficiency, robustness, and ability to seamlessly incorporate practical device design constraints, our method offers a promising approach to highly combinatorial freeform device optimization in various physical domains.
Antibacterial, mechanical, and dielectric properties of hydroxyapatite cordierite/zirconia porous nanocomposites for use in bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Khoshaim Ahmed B. , Moustafa Essam B. , Youness Rasha A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We made nanocomposites with different amounts of hydroxyapatite (HA), cordierite (Cord), and zirconia (ZrO2), then sinterized them and studied them using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Additionally, the bioactivity of the sintered samples was assessed in vitro following treatment with simulated bodily fluid (SBF), and FESEM was used to validate the creation of the HA layer on their surfaces. Measurements were also made for mechanical and antibacterial properties. All materials' electrical and dielectric characteristics were assessed before and after being treated with SBF solution. All of the samples that were studies had porosity increases of about 7.14, 22.44, 43.87, and 73.46%. This was because the sintering temperature was lowered while the concentration of ZrO2 in the samples increased. Also, the microhardness got 5.35, 14.28, 28.57, and 55.35% better because there was more ZrO2 and Cord in the samples than in the sample that did not have them. In addition, the compressive strength of all studied samples followed this trend, as it increased by 2.81, 7.79, 17.74, and 34.32% due to the reasons mentioned above. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the tested samples decreased as they increased their ZrO2 and Cord contents. The bioactivity of the research materials also somewhat decreased as the concentrations of Cord and ZrO2 were enhanced over time. Due to the magnesium (Mg2+) ions found in Cord's composition and the samples' porousness, which aided in forming an apatite layer on their surface, their bioactivity behavior was slightly reduced. All the samples that were looked at had a strong antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis bacteria), which stopped their growth to a point between 2.33–3.30 mm. These results supported the notion that the generated porous nanocomposites have great potential for use in bone tissue engineering.