bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemistry in liquid‐based cervical cytology: Analysis of clinical use following a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sahebali Shaira , Depuydt Christophe E. , Boulet Gaëlle A.V. , Arbyn Marc , Moeneclaey Liliane M. , Vereecken Annie J. , Van Marck Eric A. , Bogers Johannes J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCytological screening for cervical cancer is hampered by imperfect sensitivity and low inter‐observer reproducibility. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing lacks specificity as a primary screening method. Studies indicate that immunocytochemical detection of alterations caused by HPV in the host cells can optimise screening. Here, the potential of p16INK4a (cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p16) and MIB‐1 (Ki‐67 proliferation marker) as adjunct molecular markers for cervical lesions was investigated in a prospective, cross‐sectional study of 500 samples in the framework of opportunistic screening in Flanders, Belgium. A consecutive series of 200 samples and 100 samples from the cytological categories ASC, LSIL and HSIL were investigated. Surepath samples were interpreted according to the Bethesda 2001 reporting system. HPV testing was done with MY09/MY11 consensus PCR. Immunocytochemistry for p16INK4a and MIB‐1 was performed with an automated staining protocol. The number of immunoreactive cells/1,000 cervical cells was assessed. There was a higher mean number of p16INK4A and MIB‐1 immunoreactive cells/1,000 cells in HSIL (4.06 ± 1.93 and 11.13 ± 2.83, respectively) compared to other cytological categories. Both markers showed a large spread in counts, for all categories. In cases of HSIL without immunoreactive cells for either marker, low cellularity and long‐term storage in water were often the cause of false negativity. This study confirms that positive staining for p16INK4a and MIB‐1 is highly correlated with presence of high‐grade lesions. These markers could be used as adjuncts to increase the sensitivity of cytological screening as well as the specificity of the HPV test. However, clear methodological standards are needed for optimal performance of immunocytochemistry in a clinical setting. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fusion of the SEC31L1 and ALK genes in an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Authors: Panagopoulos Ioannis , Nilsson Therese , Domanski Henryk A. , Isaksson Margareth , Lindblom Pia , Mertens Fredrik , Mandahl Nils 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a neoplasm composed of myofibroblastic spindle cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Cytogenetic analyses have revealed that a subgroup of IMT, in particular among children and young adults, harbors clonal chromosomal rearrangements involving chromosome band 2p23. Further, molecular genetic studies have shown that these rearrangements target the ALK gene, serving as the 3′‐partner in fusion genes with various translocation partners. In the present study, we describe the finding of a novel SEC31L1/ALK fusion gene in an intraabdominal IMT of a young man. G‐band analysis revealed a translocation t(2;4)(p23;q21) and subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization with locus‐specific probes strongly indicated disruption of the ALK locus on chromosome 2. Immunostaining with monoclonal mouse anti‐human CD246 ALK Protein showed diffuse cytoplasmic positivity. Using reverse primers for the ALK‐gene, we could, by 5′‐RACE methodology, amplify a single 1.2 kb fragment. Sequence analysis showed that the fragment was a hybrid cDNA product in which nt 3012 of SEC31L1 (NM_016211), located in band 4q21, was fused in‐frame to nt 4080 of ALK (NM_004304). RT‐PCR with two sets of primer pairs specific for SEC31L1 and ALK amplified two transcripts, which at sequencing corresponded to two types of chimeric SEC31L1/ALK transcripts. In the long, type I, transcript nt 3012 of SEC31L1 (NM_016211) was fused in‐frame to nt 4080 of ALK. In the short, type II, transcript nt 2670 of SEC31L1 was fused in‐frame to nt 4080 of ALK. Genomic PCR and subsequent sequencing showed that the breakpoints were located in intron 23 of SEC31L1 and intron 20 of ALK. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Her‐2/neu and EGFR tyrosine kinase activation predict the efficacy of trastuzumab‐based therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Hudelist Gernot , Köstler Wolfgang J. , Czerwenka Klaus , Kubista Ernst , Attems Johannes , Müller Ruth , Gschwantler‐Kaulich Daphne , Manavi Mahmood , Huber Isabell , Hoschützky Heinz , Zielinski Christoph C. , Singer Christian F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractHer‐2/neu overexpression in human breast cancer leads to an aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis. Although the anti‐Her‐2/neu antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin®) has become a valuable therapeutic option for patients with Her‐2/neu‐overexpressing breast cancer, many patients do not benefit from this therapy. To evaluate the effect of receptor activation on tumor response, we have investigated the phosphorylation status of Her‐2/neu and EGFR in 46 Her‐2/neu‐overexpressing tumor samples from trastuzumab‐treated metastatic breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. Activated (p)tyr‐1248 Her‐2/neu was detected in 9 of 46 breast cancers (20%), and activated (p)tyr‐845 and (p)tyr‐1173 EGFR were both present in 6 tumors (13%) while EGFR was present in 16 cases (35%). ptyr‐1248 Her‐2/neu showed a trend to correlate with increased response to trastuzumab (p = 0.063), while ptyr‐845, ptyr‐1173 EGFR and EGFR did not. The presence of ptyr‐1248 Her‐2/neu and ptyr‐845 or ptyr‐1173 EGFR, however, was a strong predictor of both response to trastuzumab‐based treatment (OR = 8.0, p = 0.021 and OR = 8.0, p = 0.021) and clinical benefit (OR = 5.47, p = 0.041 and OR = 6.22, p = 0.028 multivariate logistic regression analysis). Furthermore, ptyr‐845 EGFR and ptyr‐1248 Her‐2/neu were both independent predictors of progression‐free survival (RR = 0.21, p = 0.01 and RR = 0.45, p = 0.026, multivariate analysis). Patients with ptyr‐845 EGFR positive tumors also tended toward increased overall survival (RR = 0.17, p = 0.082). Taken together, we have demonstrated that the determination of activated EGFR improves the utility of ptyr‐1248 Her‐2/neu staining in predicting the clinical outcome of patients undergoing trastuzumab treatment. We hypothesize that the activation state of both Her‐2/neu and EGFR are key determinants for trastuzumab efficacy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RANK ligand expression in heat shock factor‐2 deficient mouse bone marrow stromal/preosteoblast cells
Authors: Kajiya Hiroshi , Ito Masahiro , Ohshima Hayato , Kenmotsu Shin‐ichi , Ries William L. , Benjamin Ivor J. , Reddy Sakamuri V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractHeat Shock Proteins (HSP) are molecular chaperones activated upon cellular stress/stimuli. HSP gene expression is regulated by Heat Shock Factors (HSF). We have recently demonstrated a functional role for heat shock factor‐2 (HSF‐2) in fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2)‐induced RANK ligand (RANKL), a critical osteoclastogenic factor expression on stromal/preosteoblast cells. In the present study, we show that FGF‐2 treatment did not induce RANKL expression in HSF‐2 −/− stromal/preosteoblast cells. Interestingly, HSF‐2 deficiency resulted in rapid induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin mRNA expression in these cells. Furthermore, FGF‐2 did not induce osteoclast formation in co‐culture of normal mouse spleen cells and HSF‐2 −/− stromal/preosteoblast cells. Electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that osteoclasts from HSF‐2 −/− mice have poorly developed ruffled borders. These data further confirm that HSF‐2 plays an important role in FGF‐2‐induced RANKL expression in stromal/preosteoblast cells. HSF‐2 deficiency has pleotropic effects on gene expression during osteoblast differentiation and osteoclastogenesis in the bone microenvironment. Novel therapeutic agents that modulate HSF‐2 activation may have therapeutic utility against increased levels of FGF‐2 and bone destruction associated with pathologic conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 1362–1369, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality standards of CTC black teas as influenced by sources of potassium fertiliser
Authors: Venkatesan Selvaraj , Senthurpandian Velu Kalaipandian , Murugesan Subramanian , Maibuam Wolfgang , Ganapathy Muthukumar NK 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe quality aspects of CTC (crush, tear and curl) black teas were examined against different sources of potassium fertiliser. Potassium supplied as muriate of potash (MOP) improved the liquor components such as theaflavin (TF), thearubigin (TR) and TF/TR ratio at higher levels. The same effect was noticed at lower level itself when the source of K was changed to sulfate of potash (SOP). Termination of K application reduced the TF/TR ratio drastically. The entity responsible for strength, body and colour of tea brew, namely highly polymerised substances, attained its optimum proportion at an NK ratio of 1:0.21 using SOP. Generally, there was a good response from SOP‐treated blocks to caffeine. The flavour index was a maximum at a 1:0.42 NK ratio, using SOP. A slight peak and trough were observed in the case of crude fibre content and water extract over control and MOP‐treated blocks. The leaf K content was negatively correlated with CFC content of made tea. An antagonism was observed between leaf K and Mg. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) in the study of metal–ligand solution equilibria
Authors: Di Marco Valerio B. , Bombi G. Giorgio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the 20 years, since the introduction of electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), the use of this technique in various fields of inorganic, organometallic, and analytical chemistry has been steadily increasing. In this study, the application of ESI‐MS to the study of metal–ligand solution equilibria is reviewed (till 2004 included). In a first section, advantages and drawbacks of ESI‐MS in this type of application are described. Subsequently, a list of ca. 300 studies is reported, in which ESI‐MS was used to give number and stoichiometry of the species at equilibrium, or also to estimate their stability constants. All studies are classified according to the metal ions under examination. Other related applications, such as host–guest interactions and metal ion‐protein binding studies, are briefly reviewed as well. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 25:347–379, 2006
Time‐dependent resveratrol‐mediated mRNA and protein expression associated with cell cycle in WR‐21 cells containing mutated human c‐Ha‐Ras
Authors: Young Leeanne F. , Martin Keith R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCancer results from an undesirable imbalance between cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Both processes may be modulated at the level of gene expression, viz., p53 and c‐Ha‐ras, by dietary bioactive components such as resveratrol. We tested the time‐dependent effect of resveratrol on gene and protein expression in WR‐21 cells containing a mutated human c‐Ha‐ras oncogene. We demonstrate cyclic resveratrol‐mediated expression of p53, mdm2, p21cip/waf, Rb, and cyclin G at both the RNA and the protein level at < 8 h. However, ras was not differentially expressed at either the RNA or the protein level. p53 was upregulated followed by p21cip/waf, then mdm2, and cyclin G, all downstream p53‐activated targets. RNA transcription increased at > 8 h for all genes except p53, but protein levels did not suggest uncoupling of transcription and translation. At 24 h, both p53 and Rb expression returned to baseline, suggesting collapse of DNA structure and spindle assembly checkpoints characteristic of mitotic catastrophe. In summary, resveratrol at < 8 h induced p53‐mediated effects, including apoptosis and cell‐cycle arrest (G2/M). However, later, it induced cell‐cycle checkpoint dysfunction, indicative of mitotic catastrophe. Thus, future studies should better elucidate the temporal mechanism of the dietary bioactive agent resveratrol on cancer cells.
Advances in locally constrained k‐space‐based parallel MRI
Authors: Samsonov Alexey A. , Block Walter F. , Arunachalam Arjun , Field Aaron S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this article, several theoretical and methodological developments regarding k‐space‐based, locally constrained parallel MRI (pMRI) reconstruction are presented. A connection between Parallel MRI with Adaptive Radius in k‐Space (PARS) and GRAPPA methods is demonstrated. The analysis provides a basis for unified treatment of both methods. Additionally, a weighted PARS reconstruction is proposed, which may absorb different weighting strategies for improved image reconstruction. Next, a fast and efficient method for pMRI reconstruction of data sampled on non‐Cartesian trajectories is described. In the new technique, the computational burden associated with the numerous matrix inversions in the original PARS method is drastically reduced by limiting direct calculation of reconstruction coefficients to only a few reference points. The rest of the coefficients are found by interpolating between the reference sets, which is possible due to the similar configuration of points participating in reconstruction for highly symmetric trajectories, such as radial and spirals. As a result, the time requirements are drastically reduced, which makes it practical to use pMRI with non‐Cartesian trajectories in many applications. The new technique was demonstrated with simulated and actual data sampled on radial trajectories. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional finite element analyses of passive pile behaviour
Authors: Miao L. F. , Goh A. T. C. , Wong K. S. , Teh C. I. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPiles may be subjected to lateral soil pressures as a result of lateral soil movements from nearby construction‐related activities such as embankment construction or excavation operations. Three‐dimensional finite element analyses have been carried out to investigate the response of a single pile when subjected to lateral soil movements. The pile and the soil were modelled using 20‐node quadrilateral brick elements with reduced integration. For compatibility between the soil–pile interface elements, 27‐node quadrilateral brick elements with reduced integration were used to model the soil around the pile adjacent to the soil–pile interface. A Mohr–Coulomb elastic–plastic constitutive model with large‐strain mode was assumed for the soil. The analyses indicate that the behaviour of the pile was significantly influenced by the pile flexibility, the magnitude of soil movement, the pile head boundary conditions, the shape of the soil movement profile and the thickness of the moving soil mass. Reasonable agreement is found between some existing published solutions and those developed herein. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability properties of superoptimal preconditioner from numerical range
Authors: Cheng Che‐Man , Jin Xiao‐Qing , Wei Yi‐Min 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA matrix is said to be stable if the real parts of all the eigenvalues are negative. In this paper, for any matrix An, we give some sufficient and necessary conditions for the stability of superoptimal preconditioner EU(An) proposed by Tyrtyshnikov (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 1992; 13:459–473). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple Model for the Simulation of Delamination in Fiber‐ReinforcedComposite Laminates under Mixed‐Mode Loading Conditions
Authors: Balzani Claudio , Wagner Werner 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor a reliable prediction of the mechanical behavior of unidirectional fiber‐reinforced composite laminates (FRCL), it is inevitable to take into account various damage and fracture mechanisms. In this work, delamination under arbitrary mixedmode loading conditions is examined in the framework of the finite element method. Delamination is assumed to be caused by failure of the resin‐rich area in the interface between two layers of FRCL's. In this work, a cohesive interface elementin terms of natural stress‐strain relationships which allows to describe the interlaminar mechanical behavior of FRCL's is introduced. The proposed model prevents the restoration of cohesion in the interface. The interpenetration of the crack faces is avoided by incorporating a simple contact algorithm. A representative numerical example shows the applicability of the proposed concept. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Variational approach for strain‐driven, incremental homogenization of inelastic solids
Authors: Dimitrov S. , Schnack E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study is devoted to finite element modeling of phenomenological rate independent elastoplasticity coupled to damage. The new aspect concerns the treatment of both types of inelasticities. Consistent with physical observations these are interpreted as two pseudophases characterized by specific incremental quasihyperelastic potentials. On this basis, the governing macroscopic energetics is derived as a quasiconvex potential for macro‐stresses and corresponding variational formulation is discretized and solved for two limit cases: pure plastic response and pure scalar damage response. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Finite Element Approach for the Simulation of Quasi‐Brittle Fracture
Authors: Hilgert Oliver , Schröder Jörg , Löblein Joachim 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the context of a strong discontinuity approach, we propose a finite element formulation with an embedded displacement discontinuity. The basic assumption of the proposed approach is the additive split of the total displacement field in a continuous and a discontinuous part. An arbitrary crack splits the linear triangular finite element into two parts, namely a triangular and a quadrilateral part. The discontinuous part of the displacement field in the quadrilateral portion is approximated using linear shape functions. For these purposes, the quadrilateral portion is divided into two triangular parts which is in this way similar to the approach proposed in [5]. In contrast, the discretisation is different compared to formulations proposed in [1] and [3], where the discontinuous part of the displacement field is approximated using bilinear shape functions. The basic theory of the underlying finite element formulation and a cohesive interface model to simulate brittle fracture are presented. By means of representative numerical examples differences and similarities of the present formulation and the formulations proposed in [1] and [3] are highlighted. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microcrack nucleation in brittle solids
Authors: Le K. C. , Berdichevsky V. L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA theory of microcracks nucleation in brittle solids is proposed. Theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental data for silica glass. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Locally Embedded Strong Discontinuities at finite strains – Numerical Implementation
Authors: Mosler J. , Stanković L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a geometrically nonlinear finite element approximation for highly localized deformation in structures undergoing material failure in the form of strain softening, is developed. The basis for its numerical implementation in this class of problems is defined through the elaboration of Strong Discontinuity Approach‐fundamentals. Proposed numerical model uses an Enhanced Assumed Strain Concept for the additive decomposition of the displacement gradient into a conforming and an enhanced part. The discontinuous component of the displacement field which is associated with the failure in the modeled structure is isolated in the enhanced part of the deformation gradient. In contrast to previous works, this part of the deformation mapping is condensed out at the material level, without the application of static condensation technique. The resulting set of constitutive equations is formally identical to that of standard plasticity and therefore, can be solved using the return‐mapping algorithm. No assumptions regarding the interface law connecting the displacement discontinuity with the conjugate traction vector are made. As a result, the proposed numerical solution can be applied to a broad range of different mechanical problems including mode‐I fracture in brittle materials or the analysis of shear bands. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micromechanics of fracture in Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ) studiedby in‐situ Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Müller W. H. , Pezzotti G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper presents some results on residual stress measurements in PSZ ceramics that were obtained by using confocal Raman spectroscopy. Moreover an attempt is made to understand and to model these stress fields by using anisotropic linear elasticity in context with Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation von inelastischem Materialverhalten mit Hilfe eines kraftfeldbasierten FE‐Verfahrens
Authors: Nasdala Lutz , Ernst Gerald , Rothert Heinrich 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInelastisches Materialverhalten ist die Folge einer st?ndigen Umordnung von chemischen und physikalischen Bindungen. Am Beispiel eines f?r Elastomerwerkstoffe entwickelten mikromechanischen Ersatzmodells wird gezeigt, dass sich auf Grundlage der rein elastischen Potentialfunktionen des Kraftfeldansatzes, also ohne Verwendung von D?mpfer‐ oder Reibelementen,Ph?nomene wie der Mullins‐Effekt oder Hysteresen simulieren lassen. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical aspects of the eXtended Finite Element Method
Authors: Peters Markus , Hackl Klaus 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is a very efficient way to reduce mesh dependencies when analysing crack growth. Displacements and stresses around the crack tip are calculated using additional shape functions which span the analytical displacement field around a crack tip.In this paper the following numerical aspects of the XFEM are discussed:• The integration of the stiffness matrix has to be done accurately. Therefore singular functions have to be integrated and an error estimator must be available. We will compare the estimated error and the necessary number of integration points when using different routines.• In case a crack truncates a very small part of a finite element the global stiffness matrix may become singular. One possibility to overcome this problem is to delete some of the enhanced degrees of freedom in the finite element analysis. Another way is to remove zero eigenvalues in the global stiffness matrix algebraically by a stabilization term. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructure inducted stress concentrations in CVI‐CFC materials
Authors: Piat Romana , Schnack Eckart 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCarbon/carbon materials produced by chemical vapour infiltration consist of carbon fibers embedded in an anisotropic matrix of pyrocarbon. In this study we propose: 1) an approach for hierarchical homogenization of material parameters; 2) an approach for prediction of the stress concentrations in this material. The model estimates material properties on two scales: nano and micro scale. The microstructural morphology of CFC‐material on the nano scale can be represented as distribution of mono crystals of pyrographite. For modeling the response at this scale we utilize the Eshelbi's theory for continuously distributed inclusions. The orientations distribution functions of inclusions (mono crystals) are used for calculation of the homogenized elasticity tensor of pyrographite. The numerical calculations of the stress fields in the samples characterized by different types of pyrocarbon coatings provides us the information about the (failure) regions with maximal (critical) values of stress. The obtained results demonstrate a good coincidence with experimentally identified failure regions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)