bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgA Deficiency, Superior Mediastinal Tumour with Unusual Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Lee C. H. , Quin J. W. , Wong C. S. , Grace C. S. , Rozenberg M. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The clinical course of a 17‐year‐old man with selective IgA deficiency and anaplastic carcinoma in the superior mediastinum is described. High swinging fevers, neutrophil leucocytosis reaching 60 X 109/I, polyarthralgia and skin vasodilatation were unusual manifestations of the tumour. Marked tissue reactions in the neck and polyserositis occurred with a neutrophil granulocyte tissue reaction and progressed to fibrosis. Circulating immune complexes were present and IgE levels were grossly raised. It was not established whether the unusual clinical manifestations were due solely to the tumour or were an abnormal response of an IgA‐deficient host.Review of the literature of malignancy in selective IgA deficiency casts doubt upon an increased incidence of neoplasm in this immune deficiency.
Pneumococcal Disease and its Prevention with Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines—A Review
Authors: Douglas R. M. , Riley I. D. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have been shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious and are becoming available for use in patients at high risk of developing pneumococcal infections.Precise estimates of the role of the pneumococcus in human respiratory disease are difficult to obtain, as this organism is also a frequent commensal of the upper respiratory tract; and as the optimal techniques for the identification and proof of its role are not widely used. Nevertheless, the pneumococcus remains the principal cause of adult pneumonia and paediatric otitis media, and is also an important cause of death from bacteremia and meningitis.At present it seems likely that in Australia these vaccines will be most useful amongst people over the age of 50 years, those with chronic systemic disease, alcoholics, splenectomized individuals and disadvantaged groups such as Australian aborigines, all of whom are particularly susceptible to pneumo‐coccal bacteremia which has a considerable mortality rate. The possibility of preventing pneumococcal otitis media in childhood is still being evaluated. Studies of the role played by the various pneumococcal serotypes in Australian populations are urgently needed.
Emerging Patterns off Hepatitis B Chronic Liver Disease in Australia
Authors: McCaughan G. W. , Parsons C. , Gallagher N. D. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Emerging patterns of hepatitis B chronic liver disease in Australia. G. W. McCaughan, C. Parsons and N. D. Gallagher, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 359–364.Until now, the hepatitis B virus has been thought to play a minor role in the aetiology of chronic liver disease in Australia. This is a report of 21 patients with cirrhosis and/or primary hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B antigenaemia. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in six patients, five of whom had underlying cirrhosis. The disease occurred mainly in non‐Australian born males, and was not often associated with a previous history of hepatitis. The death of 16 patients within 12 months of presentation is in contrast to previous concepts of the benign nature of hepatitis B associated cirrhosis.
Is Pancreatic Polypeptide Estimation of Value in Diagnosing Gastrinomas (Zollinger‐Ellison Syndrome)?
Authors: Byrnes D. J. , Marjason J. , Henderson L. , Gallagher N. , Fabricatorian D. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Is pancreatic polypeptide estimation of value in diagnosing gastrinomas (Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome)? D. J. Byrnes, J. Marjason, L. Henderson, N. Gallagher and D. Fabricatorian, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 364–366.Serum levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were determined in 32 normal subjects, 18 patients with gastrinoma, 19 patients with pituitary adenoma and 11 patients with duodenal ulceration.Mean serum levels of PP in patients with gastrinomas (67±31 pmol/ (SD)) were significantly (P < 0·01) higher than in the normal subjects (47 ± 15 pmol/). However, only five of 18 of the patients with gastrinomas had PP levels above the upper limit of normal and elevations of similar magnitude were observed in patients with other disease processes. It is therefore concluded that serum PP estimations are not of value in the diagnosis of gastrinomas.
Thyroid Hormone Response to Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone Stimulation in Subjects from Endemic Goitre Regions of Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Maberly G. F. , Eastman C. J. , Corcoran J. M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Thyroid hormone response to thyro‐trophin releasing hormone stimulation in subjects from endemic goitre regions of Sarawak, Malaysia. G. F. Maberly, C. J. Eastman and J. M. Corcoran, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 385–390.In iodine deficient subjects a common finding has been subnormal T4 levels, normal or slightly elevated T3 levels together with normal or elevated TSH levels. A comparative study of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in 165 severely goitrous (prevalence of 99%) and 122 non‐goitrous control subjects from two regions in Sarawak, Malaysia confirmed serum levels consistent with these findings.There has been some uncertainty whether these altered serum hormone concentrations found in endemic goitrous subjects arise primarily from thyroidal secretion or increased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 or altered disposal of these hormones. A 20 mg dose of oral TRH was administered to ten goitrous and five non‐goitrous subjects and the serum thyroidal response measured over four hours. The mean maximal increment in TSH in the goitrous (43±2 mU) was almost double that of the non‐goitrous (23±2 mU/) subjects (P<0·02). Despite this the mean maximal increment in T4 in the goitrous (14·2±16·7 nmol/) was less than one quarter of the non‐goitrous group (94±32 nmol/; P <0·02). The mean maximal increment in T3, in the two groups, however, were similar (goitrous, 1·21±0·1 nmol/; non‐goitrous 1·32±0·7 nmol/). Serum thyroid hormone concentrations measured 24 hours following 10 IU parenterally administered bovine TSH to 14 goitrous and seven non‐goitrous subjects gave a similar pattern. TSH suppressed to low levels in both groups. The mean increment in T3 was almost identical in both groups (goitrous, 1·55±0·12 nmol/; non‐goitrous, 1·57±0·12 nmol/). The mean increment in T4 in the goitrous (14±2·10 nmol/) was less than one quarter of the non‐goitrous group (62±14 nmol/; P < 0·05). These findings support evidence, thus far mainly derived from animal studies, that the altered serum thyroid hormone concentrations seen in endemic goitre arise primarily from thyroidal secretion. It is further suggested that the pattern arises from the iodine deficient gland being unable to maintain a normal T4 secretion rather than an adaptation by the thyroid to maintain euthyroidism by increased T3 secretion.
Hodgkin's Disease Terminating in Acute Leukaemia: Report of Seven Cases
Authors: Wolf M. M. , Cooper I. A. , Ding J. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Hodgkin's disease terminating in acute leukaemia. M. M. Wolf, I. A. Cooper and J. C. Ding, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 398–402.Acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia developed in seven patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. All had received intensive radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One patient had clinical evidence of active Hodgkin's disease at the time of diagnosis of acute leukaemia, and of four other patients who had a post mortem examination another showed evidence of Hodgkin's disease. The median time from the first presentation with Hodgkin's disease to the development of acute leukaemia was 7·7 years. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in four patients. A preleukaemic phase was present in three patients. Survival following diagnosis of acute leukaemia was short (median four weeks) and only one patient achieved a complete remission. Although published data suggests that radiation exposure is an important aetiologic factor in the induction of acute leukaemia in patients with Hodgkin's disease, it appears likely that additional chemotherapy may have a significant potentiating effect.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia—A Prospective Study
Authors: Kerlin P. , Reiner R. , Daviesr M. , Sage R. E. , Grant A. Kerr 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Iron deficiency anaemia‐a prospec; tivestudy. P. Kerlin, R. Reiner, M. Davies, R. E. Sage and A. Kerr Grant, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 402–407.A prospective study was performed over 15 months to determine the cause of iron deficiency in adult males and postmenopausal females attending a general hospital. The laboratory computer identified all subjects with a haemoglobin less than 10·6 g/dl and a mean corpuscular volume less than 86 fl. Patients becoming anaemic after trauma or recent surgery were excluded. The iron status of each patient was assessed by serum iron studies, serum ferritin or sternal marrow aspiration. Reduced red cell indices and blood film morphology were not diagnostic of iron deficiency. Of 215 patients assessed, about half (103) were found to be iron replete. This group had a variety of disorders—malignancy, chronic inflammation, chronic renal and non‐malignant haematological diseases. The other group of 104 patients satisfied criteria for iron deficiency, and 100 of these were investigated further. The cause of iron deficiency was found in all but three subjects. Inadequate dietary intake was a contributing factor in over half of the patients and 40 regularly took salicylates. Investigation defined a source of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss in most instances.
Bronchial Reactivity in Western Red Cedar Induced Asthma
Authors: Hamilton R. D. , Crockett A. J. , Ruffin R. E. , Alpers J. H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Bronchial reactivity in western red cedar induced asthma. R. D. Hamilton, A. J. Crockett, R. E. Ruffin and J. H. Alpers, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 417–419.A patient with Western red cedar induced asthma is described. The diagnosis was confirmed by a bronchial challenge with Western red cedar saw dust and the subsequent prolonged bronchial reactivity changes were measured using histamine inhalation tests.
Radiation‐related Coronary Artery Disease in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Leong A. S. Y. , Forbes I. J. , Ruzic T. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Radiation‐related coronary artery disease in Hodgkin's disease. A. S. Y. Leong, I. J. Forbes and T. Ruzic, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 423–425.Coronary artery disease is a rare and only recently recognised complication of mediastinal irradiation. A 34‐year‐old man died suddenly eight years after mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Autopsy disclosed severe narrowing of all major extramural coronary arteries by atherosclerotic plaques whereas all other systemic and visceral arteries were virtually free of atheroma. Autopsy findings in the five reported cases of radiation‐related coronary artery disease are reviewed.
67Gallium Uptake in Psittacosis Infection
Authors: Andrews J. T. , Fraser J. R. E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: 67Gallium uptake in psittacosis infection. J. T. Andrews and J. R. E. Fraser, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, p. 437–439. 67Gallium citrate isotope scanning was performed in a febrile patient with pneumonitis and hepatitis who was later shown to have psittacosis. Focal isotope uptake was detected in both lungs in the absence of radiological changes. There was no enhanced concentration in the liver where inflammatory cell infiltration was slight.
Aldosterone Producing Adenoma: Fludrocortisone Suppression and Left Adrenal Vein Catheterisation in Definitive Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Gordon R. D. , Jackson R. V. , Strakosch C. R. , Tunny T. J. , Rutherford J. C. , McCosker J. , Moriarty W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: In 12 (eight female) consecutive patients with primary aldosteronism (1971–1978), aged 15 to 54 years, the diagnosis was unsuspected until hypokalaemia (mean 2.2 mmol/l) was revealed by routine biochemical testing. In nine patients, hypertension was severe (diastolic blood pressure > 120 mmHg, seven on treatment). A firm diagnosis of primary aldosteronism was based on sequential demonstration of (1) high urine potassium excretion with concurrent unexplained hypokalaemia, (2) inappropriately suppressed plasma renin activity after application of two potent stimuli to renin secretion, namely, salt‐free diet and upright posture, (3) inappropriately high aldosterone production demonstrated by measurement of 24‐hour urine aldosterone excretion after seven days of high salt diet and fludrocortisone acetate orally.Left adrenal vein catheterisation, which is said to provide preoperative localisation of aldosterone producing adenoma to the right or left gland and to distinguish aldosterone producing adenoma from bilateral hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa, was successful in ten of 12 patients. A left‐sided adenoma was correctly predicted in eight, a right‐sided adenoma in one and results consistent with bilateral hyperplasia were found in one patient. Right‐sided adenomas were present in the two patients in whom adrenal vein catheterisation was unsuccessful. After removal of the 11 adenomas, plasma potassium returned to normal and hypertension was cured in nine patients and markedly improved in two.These results show that the combination of seven days of salt loading and fludrocortisone acetate to firmly establish the diagnosis, followed by adrenal venous catheterisation to lateralise the tumour, leads to a high cure rate in the treatment of aldosterone producing adenoma.
Progressive Polyradiculoneuropathy: Treatment with Azathioprine
Authors: Walker G. L. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: A case is presented of a 64‐year‐old male with chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (CIP) relentlessly progressing (despite steroids) to virtually complete quadriplegia over seven months. Once commenced on Azathioprine he dramatically improved over a six week period.The truly progressive form of CIP is rare. It is, however, immunologically similar to relapsing CIP and to the more common acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (AIP). Although the place of steroid therapy is still in doubt it would seem that cytotoxic immunosup‐pressives have something definite to offer in these conditions where there is progression beyond 4–5 weeks. In the largest series of CIP available (where the patients were untreated, or treated with steroids alone) the mortality rate was 11%, and the “complete recovery” rate only 5%. Although only isolated case reports are available, it would seem that if more aggressive immunosuppressive therapy was used more frequently, the prognosis might be considerably improved.
Heparin‐Associated Thrombocytopenia: Case Report and Prospective Study
Authors: Gallus A. S. , Goodall K. T. , Beswick W. , Chesterman C. N. 
Published: March 2008

Summary:Heparin‐associated thrombocytopenia: Case report and prospective study. A. S. Gallus, K. T. Goodall, W. Beswick and C. N. Chesterman,Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980,10, pp. 25–31.After observing a patient with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia we prospectively recorded the incidence of thrombocytopenia associated with heparin treatment by measuring the platelet count every second day in 166 patients given therapeutic heparin for various thrombo‐embolic disorders, and 51 patients given low‐dose heparin prophylaxis. A platelet count below 100×10g/litre developed in nine patients (5.4%) during or soon after full‐dose heparin therapy, and in one patient given low‐dose heparin. Careful clinical review suggested that heparin was either the most likely cause or a contributing cause of thrombocytopenia in 51166 patients (3.0%) receiving therapeutic heparin and none of the patients who received prophylactic heparin. Associated laboratory studies suggest that heparin‐initiated platelet aggregation in vivo is a useful marker for heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia.
Renal Infection with Mycobacterium Chelonei
Authors: Becker G. J. , Walker R. G. , Dziukas L. J. , Harvey K. J. , Valentine R. , Kincaid‐Smith P. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Renal infection with mycobacterium chelonei. G. J. Becker, R. G. Walker, L. J. Dziukas, K. J. Harvey, R. Valentine and P. Kincaid‐Smith, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 44–47.A case of renal infection with Mycobacterium chelonei is described. The infection probably occurred via haematogenous spread from an infected arteriovenous shunt in a uraemic woman. Prolonged treatment with intravenous cefoxitin combined with oral erythromycin and rifampicin eradicated the organism from the urine. Although renal function stabilized for one year, gradual deterioration to end‐stage renal failure occurred.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopaenic Purpura and Anuria: Response to Plasma Exchange
Authors: Richmond J. M. , D'Apice A. J. F. , Whitworth J. A. , Kincaid‐Smith P. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura and anuria: Response to plasma exchange.J. M. Richmond, A. J. F. d'Apice, J. A. Whitworth and P. Kincaid‐Smith, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 48–50.This report discusses the treatment and recovery of a 29‐year‐old woman with thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura complicated by severe renal failure. The case is reported because of the rarity of recovery from anuric renal failure in this disease and the probable contribution of plasma exchange to this recover.
Dermal Necrosis Following Coumarin: Is It Immunologically Induced?
Authors: Hislop I. G. , Zilko P. J. , Petersen M. , Ahmed N. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Dermal necrosis following coumarin: Is it immunologically induced? I. G. Hislop, P. J. Zilko, M. Petersen and N. Ahmed, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 51–53.Two patients with dermal necrosis due to anticoagulation therapy with warfarin are reported. Both patients demonstrated some disturbance in immunological function. It appears possible that warfarin may act as a happen in the induction of hypersensitivity to the drug. It is recommended that future cases should be studied to determine whether there is a defect in immunoregulation, and whether circulating immune complexes are responsible for the typical skin lesions.
Immune Thrombocytopenia Induced by Cotrimoxazole
Authors: Barr A. L. , Whineray M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Immune thrombocytopenia induced by cotrimoxazole. A. L. Barr and M. Whineray. Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 54–55.Cotrimoxazole administration is occasionally associated with thrombocytopenia. Interference with folate metabolism has been postulated.2 The drug has also been postulated to induce an autoantibody by acting as a hapten3, but proof has not been forthcoming. A case is reported in which the serum has been shown to contain an anti‐platelet autoantibody requiring sulphamethoxazole or cotrimoxazole for activity.
Viral Hepatitis and the Drug Cult: A Brief Socioepidemiological Study in Sydney
Authors: Boughton C. R. , Hawkes R. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Viral hepatitis and the drug cult: A brief socio‐epidemiological study in Sydney. C. R. Boughton and R. A. Hawkes, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 157–161.Study of 141 individuals attending a Sydney drug referral centre revealed considerable psychosocial maladjustment in the group. Seventy‐five per cent showed serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection, past or present, as compared with 73% of control subjects. Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen was found to be twice as frequent as a serological marker of HBV infection, as antibody to hepatitis B surface antigenPrevalence rates of antibody to hepatitis A virus were similar in the drug and control groupsHepatitis possibly due to hepatitis non A non B virus infection, was found in 74% of those with clinical and biochemical hepatitis at the time of the study
The Influence of Beta Blockers upon Plasma Cyclic AMP Levels*
Authors: England J. F. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The influence of beta blockers upon plasma cyclic AMP levels. J. F. England, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 180–181.Beta adrenoreceptor blocking drugs with high intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (pindolol and alprenolol) produced significant elevation of plasma cyclic AMP levels, when compared to propranolol. In hypertensive patients, despite these marked differences in plasma cyclic AMP levels, similar blood pressure control was achieved with these three beta blockers
When is Diabetes?—A New Look at Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zimmet P. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: While the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is usually straightforward because of typical symptoms and signs along with an unequivocally high plasma glucose, there is still considerable controversy about diagnostic criteria for diabetes based on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Recently there has been world‐wide recognition of the need for standardisation of these criteria. A new set of diagnostic criteria, based on prospective and cross‐sectional epidemiologic studies have now been recommended by a World Health Organisation Expert Committee on Diabetes.The new criteria set out recommendations for normal subjects, those with impaired glucose tolerance (a borderline group), and diabetics. The use of these criteria should result in uniform reporting of the OGTT, as well as reducing to a minimum the mis‐diagnosis of diabetes.
Selective IgA Deficiency in Australian Blood Donors
Authors: Wells J. V. , McNally M. P. , King M. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Selective serum IgA deficiency (defined as a serum IgA level less than 50 mgll) was detected in 14 of 6, 191 Australian blood donors screened by double diffusion analysis of serum specimens in agarose. This prevalence rate of 0·23% (1 in 442) is the same as that found in blood donors in Sweden but is higher than rates found in blood donors in France (0·05%), Norway (0·08%), USA (0·15%), England (0·19%) and Finland (0·20%).Antibodies to human IgA were detected in the serum of three of 11 blood donors with selective IgA deficiency (27%). There was no evidence in the present study of blood transfusion reactions from these anti‐IgA antibodies when they were transfused into recipients.
Effects of Cimetidine on the Healing of Benign Gastric Ulcers
Authors: Clarke A. C. , Lee S. P. , Tasman‐Jones C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: A prospective double‐blind trial was undertaken to determine whether treatment with cimetidine influenced the healing of gastric ulcers in New Zealand patients. Ulcer size and healing was assessed by endoscopic examination.Of the 30 patients who completed the trial, 15 were given cimetidine and 15 placebo. At six weeks, 60% of the patients on cimetidine had healed their ulcers, whereas only 20% of those on the placebo had healed ulcers (P < 0·05). Fewer patients taking cimetidine required antacids for symptom control than those on placebo treatment (P < 0·05).The study confirmed that cimetidine treatment accelerates the healing of gastric ulcers.