bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Aware Ransomware Detection in Cloud Environments Using a Hybrid ReLU- GRU, Adaptive Ant Colony Optimization, and Shannon Entropy Framework
Authors: M Thanjai Vadivel , J Jagannathan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Ransomware attacks in cloud environments for data storage have an increased concern that demands ransom payments that encrypt critical data. The proposed method is classified based on Shannon Entropy, ReLU-GRU networks and adaptive Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has been used to enhance the proposed method. The encrypted files are detected utilizing Shanon entropy with file randomness while the sequential data patterns are captured by the ReLU-GRU for the emerging attack patterns for the precise ransom ware classification. The framework is validated using a dataset of 6,245 records, distinguishing ransom ware from benign activity based on system logs, API calls, and process behaviors. Pre-processing techniques, including data normalization, feature extraction, and privacy-preserving API security, refine input data. Results demonstrate 99.13% accuracy, 99.11% precision, 99.07% recall, and a 99.09% F1-score, surpassing methods like SAE-LSTM, GAN, and RLDAC. Shannon Entropy-based API security further prevents unauthorized access. The ROC curve confirms a perfect AUC score of 1.00, while the model achieves a 99.1% detection rate with a false positive rate of just 0.81%, outperforming techniques like SMO and FeSA. The proposed ReLU-GRU + ACO + Shannon Entropy model proves to be efficient, scalable, and privacy-aware. Future research will explore federated learning for distributed detection and zero-trust security architectures to counter advanced ransomware threats.
Spatial but not temporal orienting of attention enhances the temporal acuity of human peripheral vision in an ecologically valid scenario
Authors: Foerster Francois , Giersch Anne , Cleeremans Axel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The temporal acuity of a sensory system determines its capacity to detect delays between events, which enables ordering the events in time and adapting behaviors accordingly. Whether and how voluntary attention drives visual temporal acuity is still unclear, especially in peripheral vision. Here, we present a psychophysical study aimed at 1) evaluating whether cue-based spatial and temporal orientation of visual attention modulates the temporal acuity in peripheral vision, 2) assessing to what extent these modulations rely on shared or distinct mechanisms, and 3) exploring whether these modulations are cumulative or independent from each other. To address these goals, forty participants performed an ecologically valid asynchrony detection task in immersive virtual reality whilst electroencephalographic and pupillary dynamics were recorded. We found non-cumulative reductions of pupil constriction during the processing of cues orienting attention in space and time. This suggests that pupil size represents a readout of the formation of cue-based spatiotemporal expectations about visual targets. We further found that pre-target oscillatory dynamics in posterior theta and alpha bands are suppressed by both spatial and temporal orienting of visual attention, with cumulative effects, while beta band activity remains unaffected. These modulations provide evidence for shared and interactive top-down mechanisms of explicit spatial and temporal attention on visual temporal processing. Yet, despite these modulations, only explicit spatial orienting enhances the sensitivity to asynchronies. Implicit, but not cue-based temporal orienting increased task performance. This highlights that explicit endogenous attention directed to space – but not to time – increases the temporal acuity of peripheral vision. Overall, these results cast unambiguous doubts on the accepted trade-off that spatial attention always meliorate spatial visual acuity while impeding temporal visual acuity, and thus call for the further refinement of models of visual attention.
Coated Surgical Sutures: Nanoparticles and nanocomposite as coating materials for absorbable and nonabsorbable wound closure devices
Authors: shebl heba , abdallah rehab , abdallah omnia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Upgrading the surgical sutures, as the main wound closure device, is essential. The evolution of bacterial resistance and the plummeting of antibiotics have directed research toward augmented sutures. Nanotechnology has provided answers to these concerns. The use of bacterial isolates as bio-factory for synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanocomposites via a one pot ex situ method provides environmentally friendly silver nanocomposites in addition to the use of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol polymers as carriers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential analysis revealed spherical negatively charged AgNPs. These nanoparticles and nanocomposites were used as coatings for absorbable vicryl and nonabsorbable silk surgical sutures. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 3D images of these coated sutures showed a significant decrease in surface roughness with improved surface topography, specifically with chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) vicryl coated sutures with effective attachment of the nanocomposite and nanoparticles thin film on the suture surface. Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDX) analysis showed the significant presence of the thin film of coating materials on the surface of the sutures and the significant elemental presentation of Ag. Vicryl and silk coated CS-Ag sutures showed significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial isolates. AgNPs coated silk and vicryl sutures recorded the lowest amounts of Ag ions at 0.03–0.45 ppm released after 14 days, while polyvinyl alcohol-silver (PVA-Ag) coated ones showed the highest rates at 0.75–0.93 ppm.
MicroRNA as a predictor of efficacy and safety of clozapine in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Sosin Dmitry Nikolaevich , Khasanova Aiperi Kylychbekovna , Illarionov Roman Arionovich , Popova Anastasia Konstantinovna , Glotov Andrey Sergeevich , Mosolov Sergey Nilolaevich , Sychev Dmitry Alekseevich 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Clozapine is the only antipsychotic effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, it is only effective in 40% of patients with treatment resistant and is associated with a large number of adverse drug reactions. Personalization of clozapine therapy is of great importance to clinical psychiatry. MicroRNA expression is a promising biomarker for predicting the efficacy and safety of clozapine. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules, 18–25 nucleotides in length, that participate in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. We determined the entire microRNA expression profile in these patients before starting clozapine and after four weeks of clozapine administration. Taking сlozapine alters the expression of twenty-four microRNAs. Levels of hsa-miR-6814-5p, hsa-miR-129-5p, hsa-miR-6068, and hsa-miR-128-1-5p were associated with clozapine efficacy. Analysis of the association between microRNA expression and clozapine safety parameters showed the following: expression levels of hsa-miR-4472 were associated with asthenia, hsa-miR-4472 and hsa-miR-4510 with increased sleep duration, hsa-miR-615-3p and hsa-miR-4715-3p with tachycardia, and hsa-miR-329-1-5p with increased body weight. A number of microRNAs whose expression was altered during clozapine therapy have been shown to be associated with other neuropsychiatric diseases. MicroRNA regulates the expression of a large number of genes, including those involved in the efficacy and safety of clozapine. This fact suggests the prospect of further studies, involving complex analysis of pharmacotranscriptomic and pharmacogenetic biomarkers.
WITHDRAWN: Aortic recoarctation in infants: risk factors and the role of catheter intervention in its management
Authors: Al-Mutairi Mansour B. , Alnajjar Abdulhameed A. , R.Abdelrehim Ayman , Allugmani Mohammad , Morsy Mohamed F. , Khoshhal Saad , Baangood Luna S. , Alahmadti Ahmad , Ishak Abdulaleem , Ibrahim Andreen , Salem Sherif S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Recurrent stenosis after repair of coarctation of aorta (CoA) is not an uncommon problem, the need for surgical re-intervention ranges from 5–.50%. We aimed to identify the risk factors related to the failure of surgical interference in managing CoA and the role of catheter intervention to dilate the stenosis or retraction of the tissue.
Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2017 and December 2023 on 100 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) with CoA who underwent surgery at Madinah Cardiac Centre. Patients in the age group from 1 day to 30 days at the age of surgery with significant stenosis post-surgery (dynamic or echo picture) were included in the study. Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who had undergone Norwood surgery were excluded from the analysis. The data included gender, age, weight, pre-operative procedures, diagnosis, associated cardiac and non-cardiac anomalies, and type of surgery.
Results
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2017 and December 2023 on 100 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) with CoA who underwent surgery at Madinah Cardiac Centre. 41% of patients underwent resection and end-to-end anastomosis, 34% underwent extended end-to-end anastomosis, and 25% did complex arch reconstruction. There was a significant improvement in left ventricle function (p < 0.001). Intraoperatively, 5% of patients had complications, 3% had bleeding, and 1% had chest and cardiac complications, while post-operative, 64% had complications, 5% had bleeding, 18% had chest complications, 31% had cardiac complications, and 10% had sepsis. There was a statistically significant decrease in CoA pressure gradient from (48.12 ± 9.57) pre-operative to (22.39 ± 10.8) post-operative, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). (7%) of patients had VSD closure, (2%) died, and (16%) needed post-operative catheterization. Operation low weight increased the risk of surgery failure.
Conclusion
In conclusion, low weight increased the risk of failure of surgery, while age and other anomalies were insignificant factors. Although re-dilatation of the aorta is feasible, such re-expansion may not achieve adult size. Accordingly, alternative solutions may have to be developed and will be reviewed.
Correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders: analysis of Korean National Health Insurance database
Authors: Park Young Hwan , Kim Min Ho , Kim Hong Jin , Choi Myeong Geun , Chun Eun Mi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence rates of inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders following COVID-19 vaccination and compare them with those in unvaccinated individuals. We used data from 2,218,715 individuals in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database and investigated the incidence rates of inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders following COVID-19 vaccination. At 12 weeks after vaccination, the cumulative incidence rates of plantar fasciitis (0.14–0.17%), rotator cuff syndrome (0.29–0.42%), adhesive capsulitis (0.29–0.47%), HIVD (0.18–0.23%), spondylosis (0.14–0.23%), bursitis (0.02–0.03%), Achilles tendinitis (0.0–0.05%), and de-Quervain tenosynovitis (0.04–0.05%) were higher in all three vaccinated groups (mRNA vaccine, viral vector vaccine, and mixing and matching) compared with the unvaccinated group. All COVID-19 vaccines were identified as significant risk factors for inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders (odds ratio, 1.404 to 3.730) except for the mixing and matching vaccines for de Quervain tenosynovitis. This study suggests a strong correlation between inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders and COVID-19 vaccination concerning adverse reactions.
Medical education: is the reel a good deal?
Authors: Pozza Daniel Humberto , Neto Fani Lourença , Costa-Pereira José Tiago , Tavares Isaura 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Based on our question, "Is the reel a good deal for medical education?" this study explores the effectiveness of short (around 2 minutes) video-based learning in engaging students enrolled in a medical course. With the increasing integration of digital tools in education, video content has emerged as a dynamic method to enhance learning experiences. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by using anonymous self-administered questionnaires, prepared taking into account previous studies, to 264 informed students that voluntarily agreed to participate. This sample represented 75.5% of the students’ attending the classes. The questionnaires included topics related to 65 short videos about practical classes and learning preferences. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics. The students considered that the content and format of the videos were adequate (99.6% and 100%, respectively). Specifically, the videos helped the students to better understand the practical classes, consolidate and retain the practical content and simplify the study for the exams. Additionally, the videos were praised for their high-quality audiovisual content, being innovative, complete, concise, short and/or adequate, or better than other formats such as printed information. The combination of written and audiovisual support materials for teaching and studying is important and has been shown to improve students’ performance. This pedagogical methodology is well-suited for the current generation of students, aiding not only in study and exam preparation but is also in remote learning.
A Comparison of Perinatal Outcomes of Turkish and Syrian Immigrant Women: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zehra incedal SONKAYA  , Aksüt AKÇAY Emine 
Published: February 2025

This present aim the differences in prenatal, labor and neonatal outcomes for Syrian refugees and Turkish citizens. A total of 315 Turkish and 296 Syrian migrant women participated in the case-control study. Age, age at first pregnancy, antenatal care, and prenatal hemoglobin values were significantly lower in Syrian refugee group. Stillbirth rates were higher in the Turkish citizens group. The percentage of newborns hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care need and neonatal resuscitation was higher in Syrian immigrant women. In comparison to non-refugee control patients, refugee women in our study had poor antenatal care and adverse perinatal outcomes were observed.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Produk dan Legalisasi Minuman Herbal bagi Komunitas Gerakan Seribu Tangan Kreatif Lampung
Authors: Rina Oktaf , Zuriati Zuriati , Qomariyah Nurul 
Published: February 2025

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan pembuatan produk dan legalisasi minuman herbal bagi komunitas Gerakan Seribu Tangan Kreatif di Lampung. Pelatihan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan anggota komunitas dalam memproduksi minuman herbal yang berkualitas. Dalam konteks ini, pelatihan tidak hanya mencakup aspek teknis pembuatan minuman herbal, tetapi juga aspek legalitas yang diperlukan untuk memasarkan produk secara resmi. Kegiatan ini dihadiri oleh 28 pemilik UMKM yang tergabung dalam wadah Gerakan Seribu Tangan Kreatif Lampung. Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan anggota komunitas dalam memproduksi minuman herbal yang berkualitas, serta memahami pentingnya legalisasi produk untuk meningkatkan daya saing di pasar. Jenis produk herbal yang dibuat adalah minuman yang berbahan baku buah serta rempah alami dan diproses secara hygiene. Dengan memanfaatkan potensi lokal dan sumber daya alam yang melimpah, diharapkan komunitas ini dapat menghasilkan karya dalam bentuk minuman kesehatan. Dengan meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kesehatan maka produk minuman herbal memiliki potensi pasar yang tinggi karena diminati konsumen. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan ini dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi perekonomian lokal dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggota komunitas.
Kata kunci : minuman herbal, hygiene, komunitas gerakan seribu tangan kreatif Lampung, UMKM
Bovine Coronavirus Isolation and Cultivation in Continuous Cell Lines
Authors: Dea S. , Roy R. S. , Begin M. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Vero, Madin-Darby bovine kidney, and porcine kidney-15 continuous cell lines were shown to be satisfactory for the isolation and multiplication of the Nebraska calf diarrhea coronavirus (ncdc), as well as bovine coronaviruses isolated from affected calves with scours in Quebec dairy and beef herds. A readily recognizable cytopathic effect (cpe) was produced in these cell cultures as early as the second or third passage. The viruses could also be serially propagated in these cell cultures, and electron microscopic examination of infected cells showed characteristic coronavirus particles identical to those found in intestinal contents of diarrheal calves. Viral antigens could also be demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining, and viral yield varied between 106 to 107 median tissue culture infective dose/ml after 10 to 15 passages. A cpe was also produced in fetal bovine kidney cells, but it was difficult to recognize, and cpe was not produced in several other continuous cell lines tested or in primary fetal lamb kidney cells. Syncytia were not detected in susceptible cell cultures.
It was also demonstrated that the infection of Vero cells by ncdc could be managed culturally in such a way as to produce a maximum of the viral production capacity whether by acting on the cell adsorption properties or on the cell metabolism. The addition of heat-inactivated bovine fetal serum without γ-globulins to the maintenance medium (up to 5%) did not inhibit the growth of the virus in these cells, whereas the pH of inoculation and incubation media was shown to affect it significantly. Cell-sheet treatment with dactinomycin (up to 0.05 μg/ml), trypsin (up to 20 μg/ml), DEAE-dextran (up to 25 μg/ml), and hypertonic medium significantly increased the production of ncdc or appearance of viral cytopathogenicity or both.
Effect of Vaccinal and Passive Immunity on Experimental Infection of Pigs with Porcine Parvovirus
Authors: Paul P. S. , Mengeling W. L. , Brown T. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One group of 5 pigs was vaccinated twice at 6 and 8 weeks of age with an inactivated porcine parvovirus (ppv) vaccine. A 2nd group of 5 pigs was passively immunized at 9 weeks of age, and a 3rd group of 5 pigs served as nonimmunized controls. The immunity of all pigs was challenged with live ppv at 10 weeks of age. Four vaccinated pigs with hemagglutinating-inhibiting (hi) antibody titer of 160 to 640 and 3 passively immunized pigs with hi titer of 80 to 160 were resistant to ppv infection. Neither infective virus nor viral antigen was detected in their tissues. However, virus replicated in tissues of 1 vaccinated and 2 passively immunized pigs with hi titers of 80, and viral antigen was detected in their lymphoid tissues. There was a 4-fold increase of hi titer in 1 passively immunized pig. Viremia and viral excretion were not detected in any of the vaccinated or passively immunized pigs. In contrast, ppv replicated in the tissues of nonimmunized pigs; both virus and viral antigen were detected in their tissues, and they produced hi antibodies to ppv. All nonimmunized pigs developed viremia and shed virus in oral secretions and feces. Our data show that a high level of humoral antibodies is required for protection from ppv infection.
Comparison of Bone Scans and Radiography for Detecting Bone Neoplasms in Dogs Exposed to 238PuO2
Authors: Wolff R. K. , Merickel B. S. , Rebar A. H. , Mewhinney J. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Radioisotopic bone scans and radiography were used to detect bone neoplasms in 144 dogs that inhaled α-particle-emitting 238PuO2 particles. Radiography was used routinely to survey the skeleton of the dogs. Nineteen dogs developed bone neoplasms; 17 of these were studied with bone scans and radiography; both methods showed a high degree of success in detecting bone neoplasms. Predominant regions of occurrence have been the lumbar region of the spine and the humerus. The bone scanning method used γ-camera detection of iv injected 99mTc-labeled methylene diphosphonate. All neoplasms detected radiographically also were identified by bone scans. In addition, 3 lesions confirmed histologically as osteosarcomas were detected by bone scanning, but were missed by radiography. Bone scanning was a more sensitive means for the detection of bone neoplasms than were routine radiographic procedures.
Effect of Ambient Temperature and Humidity on Urine Output in Sheep
Authors: Guerrini Vincent Henry , Koster Naomi , Bertchinger Henk 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Urine output, respiratory rate, water intake, plasma and urine osmolalities, and pcv of 6 sheep exposed to 4 weeks each of hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid environments alternated with 3 weeks each of cool-dry control environments were determined.
Compared with urine output during the control environment, urine output increased during hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid exposure, but was 70% greater during the hot-humid environment than during hot-dry exposure. Water intake increased 37% to 45% during hot-dry exposure but decreased 34% during the first 2 weeks of cool-humid exposure. Urine osmolality decreased 38%, 22%, and 44% during hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid exposure, respectively, whereas plasma osmolality values only increased 3% during hot-dry exposure. Respiratory rates increased on exposure to both hot environments, but decreased during cool-humid exposure. The pcv decreased 3% after 1 week of hot-humid exposure, 8% after 4 weeks of hot-dry exposure, and 5% after 4 weeks of cool-humid exposure.
Urine output, and probably plasma volume, increased during these periods because evaporative heat loss was reduced due to the lack of adequate air convection and mobility. Heat loss through increased urine output was not significant (P < 0.2). Enclosed sheep should be kept with short fleeces and should be maintained in conditions of low temperature and adequate convection if representative physiologic, biochemical, and pharmacologic assessments are desired.
Sarcocystis Infections in Georgia Swine
Authors: Prestwood Annie K. , Cahoon Robert W. , McDaniel H. Thomas 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tissues from 168 mature sows obtained at slaughter in northern and southern Georgia were examined for nfection with Sarcocystis spp. Digestion techniques revealed zoites in 28 (16.6%) sows. Infected meat was fed co laboratory-reared dogs, cats, raccoons (Procyon lotor), and opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). Dogs and raccoons shed sporocysts (8.3 μm ×11.2 μm) 12 to 14 days after infection. Cats and opossums were refractory to infection.
Sarcocystis-free pigs were infected with 50,000 sporocysts of swine-dog origin. Tissues from laboratory-infected swine were fed to dogs and raccoons. Both species shed sporocysts 14 days later. This is the 1st time in which a definitive host has been demonstrated for species of Sarcocystis occurring in North American swine. The raccoon constitutes a new definitive host for S suicanis Erber 1977. In contrast to previously reported low prevalences of Sarcocystis infections in swine, the relatively high prevalence reported here indicates that S suicanis may be of importance to swine producers in Georgia.
Treatment of Syphacia obvelata in the Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with Piperazine Citrate
Authors: Unay Eduardo S. , Davis Barbara J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effective dose for eradication of Syphacia obvelata infestation in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) was determined and a colony of 2,278 hamsters housed in 751 cages were treated. Two treatment courses with 10 mg of piperazine citrate/ml of drinking water for 7 days, separated by 5 days without treatment, achieved eradication of parasites previously demonstrated by perianal fecal smears containing ova.