bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of hypercholesterolaemia in glycogen storage disease type I: defective metabolism of low density lipoprotein in cultured skin fibroblasts
Authors: LEVY E. , THIBAULT L. , ROY C. C. , LETARTE J. , LAMBERT M. , SEIDMAN E. G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Hyperlipidaemia is a feature of glycogen storage disease type I (GSD‐I) (Levy et al. [1]). High levels of LDL cholesterol (200 ± 25 mg dl‐1) and apo B (387 ± 44 mg dl‐1) were found in association with hypercholesterolaemia in GSD‐I. Related causative factors might be attributed to overproduction and/or delayed removal of LDL. In this study, a possible alteration in the clearance of LDL was examined. Using cultured fibroblasts for LDL receptor activity, the following observations were made:1 GSD‐I fibroblasts revealed only a slight decrease in LDL binding (65 ± 7) when compared with controls (74 ± 4 ng mg‐1 protein), however, LDL internalization (382±24 vs. 570 ± 52 ng mg‐1 protein) and proteolytic degradation (2082±280 vs. 2916± 12.5 ng mg‐1 protein) were significantly affected (P<0.01).2 Binding, internalization and proteolytic degradation of LDL from GSD‐I were compared with that of controls, and were found to be significantly lower (P<0.01).3 Substitution of control lipoprotein‐deficient serum (LPDS) by GSD‐I LPDS further diminished the above processes (P<0.05).Our results demonstrate that increased plasma cholesterol in GSD‐I is due to a decreased catabolism of LDL. The data suggest that the problem may well be multifactorial, due to diminished receptor expression, abnormal LDL composition and impaired LDL receptor interaction due to a circulating inhibitory factor.
Exercise‐induced changes in insulin‐like growth factors and their low molecular weight binding protein in healthy subjects and patients with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: BANG P. , BRANDT J. , DEGERBLAD M. , ENBERG G. , KAIJSER L. , THORÉN M. , HALL K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Serum concentrations of insulin‐like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF‐1 and IGF‐2), the low molecular weight form of IGF binding protein (IGFBP‐1), insulin, C‐peptide and GH were determined in six healthy subjects and four patients with GH deficiency during 30 min of moderate physical exercise on the cycle ergometer. The load corresponded to 60% of individual maximal oxygen uptake. IGF‐1 and IGF‐2 were determined by radioimmunoassays developed with antibodies isolated from immunized hens egg‐yolk after separation by automated acid gel filtration of serum samples prior to assay.Significant increases in the serum concentrations (mean±SEM) of IGF‐1 (157±24 to 196 ± 29 μg l‐1, P<0.05) and IGF‐2 (451±37 to 678 ±85 μg 1‐1, P< 0.01) were seen in the healthy subjects after 10 min of exercise. The mean percentage increase was 26 ± 5% for IGF‐1 and 50± 11% for IGF‐2. No relation to the GH release was found. In GH‐deficient patients the mean IGF‐2 concentration rose 48 ± 17% from basal 216 ± 63 μg 1‐1 to a peak concentration of 324 ±115 μg 1‐1 (P<0.01) after 30 min, while the 38 ±20% rise of IGF‐1 from basal 36± 13 μg 1‐1 to a peak concentration of 55 ±27 μg 1‐1 was not significant. The serum IGFBP‐1 concentration did not change during exercise, while insulin and C‐peptide concentrations, as well as blood glucose, decreased in both healthy subjects and GH‐deficient patients.In conclusion, exercise induced an increase in the serum concentrations of IGF‐1 and IGF‐2 independently of the GH response. It may be hypothesized that IGFs have a physiological role in the glucose transport into working muscles.
Cellular targets and receptors for interleukin‐6 II. Characterization of IL‐6 binding and receptors in peripheral blood cells and macrophages
Authors: PETERSEN C. MUNCK , DAVIDSEN O. , MOESTRUP S. K. , SONNE O. , NYKJÆR A. , MØLLER B. K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Within 15 min, approximately 2–5% of 125I‐labelled interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) injected intravenously into rats was taken up by the spleen. As determined by light microscopic autoradiography, uptake was mainly (60%) accounted for by macrophages in the red pulp. 125I‐IL‐6 binding in rat peritoneal macrophages was quantitatively similar to that in cultured human monocytes and T‐cells. By comparison, IL‐6 binding to polymorphonuclear granulocytes and freshly isolated monocytes was low. Stimulation with antigen, but not with mitogen (PWM), induced receptor presentation in B‐cells, whereas antigen and mitogen downregulated the binding in T‐cells.At 4 C, labelled IL‐6 bound to cells with a half‐time of about 1.5 h. Binding appeared reversible, but dissociation was slow and incomplete. The apparent Kd for IL‐6 binding was about 30 pmol 1‐1 in most cell types, however, values of approximately 120 pmol 1‐1 were obtained in polymorphonuclear granulocytes. At 37cC, 125I‐IL‐6 was rapidly internalized by T‐cells and monocyte‐macrophages, and after a lag time, TCA‐soluble radioactivity was released from the cells following a sigmoidal curve. Polyacrylamide gel electro‐phoresis of radiolabelled IL‐6 cross‐linked to its binding sites in T‐cells, yielded receptor‐ligand complexes with molar masses of 70–80 and 120–140 kg mo‐1. This would agree with a dimeric conformation of the IL‐6 receptor.,
Further studies on the mechanism of the natriuretic response to low‐dose dopamine in man: effect on lithium clearance and nephrogenic cAMP formation
Authors: SCHOORS D. F. , DUPONT A. G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of intravenous infusion of low‐dose dopamine on electrolyte excretion, lithium clearance, nephrogenous cAMP formation and renal hae‐modynamics was investigated in healthy volunteers. Dopamine significantly increased the urine flow rate by 70.6% and urinary sodium excretion by 72%, but did not change creatinine clearance, PRA or plasma levels of AVP, ANP and cAMP. Renal plasma flow significantly increased by 48.6%; the glomerular filtration rate was not changed.Lithium per se increased basal PRA, but had no effect on the increments of urine flow rate, sodium excretion and renal blood flow induced by dopamine. Dopamine significantly increased the fractional excretion of lithium (representing fractional excretion of sodium at the proximal level). The increase in urinary sodium excretion during dopamine infusion, significantly correlated with the increase in fractional excretion of lithium (r= 0.94; P <0.01) and the increase in nephrogenous cAMP formation (r= 0.96; P > 0.01). No correlation was found between the increase in urinary sodium excretion and the increase in renal blood flow.In conclusion, this study confirms that low‐dose dopamine increases renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion in healthy volunteers. This natriuretic response appears to be due to interaction with proximal tubular dopamine receptors, which are positively coupled to adenylate cyclase.,
Refeeding after starvation in the rat: comparative effects of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates on jejunal and ileal mucosal adaptation
Authors: BUTS J.‐P. , VIJVERMAN V. , BARUDI C. , KEYSER N. DE , MALDAGUE P. , DIVE C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. To compare the tropic effect of different dietary nutrients on mucosal adaptation in the jejunum and ileum, adult rats were submitted to a 96‐h period of starvation and refed isocaloric liquid diets (1.5 kcal ml‐1) containing either protein (casein), carbohydrate (starch) or lipids. In the jejunum, 4 days of starvation caused mucosal hypoplasia, villus and crypt shortening and a decrease in the total activity of disaccharidases with the exception of lactase which was markedly enhanced. In contrast, mucosal hypoplasia was incomplete in the ileum which exhibited an increase in crypt depth and in the specific and total activities of disaccharidases and of aminopeptidase.Compared with protein and carbohydrates, lipids exerted the strongest stimulatory effect for mucosal regeneration. In the jejunum as well as in the ileum, mucosal mass parameters, villus length, crypt depth and lactase activity did reverse towards their initial value within 1–3 days of refeeding lipids, even though the animals received only one‐third of their normal daily caloric intake. Our results indicate that the pattern of response to fasting differs between the proximal and distal small intestine, and that the intestinal changes induced by starvation are rapidly reversed by refeeding small amounts of a diet rich in fat.,
Analysis of radiolucent gallstones by computed tomography for in vivo estimation of stone components
Authors: RAMBOW A. , STARITZ M. , WOSIEWITZ U. , MILDENBURGER P. , THELEN M. , BUSCHENFELDE K.‐H. MEYER ZUM 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Successful oral litholytic and other non‐operative therapies of gallstones require exact determination of the stone components. Since computed tomography (CT) provides highly sensitive measurement of density, we performed a study to evaluate whether CT measurement of stone density allows a prediction of the composition of radiolucent gallstones.Twenty‐eight patients presenting with 29 radiolucent gallbladder (n= 17) or common bile duct stones (n=12) were included. Prior to operative or endo‐scopic therapy the attenuation values (Hounsfield Units, HU) were assessed in vivo by CT under standardized conditions (Somatom II, 125 KV, 130 mAs). After surgical or endoscopic stone removal the concrements were dehydrated, homogenized and then analysed by infra‐red spectroscopy. The previously measured Hounsfield units were not known to the investigator.Eighteen cholesterol and 11 pigment stones could be identified. The attenuation values (Hounsfield units) of cholesterol stones amounting to 28–98 HU (48.7 pM 4.4 HU) differed significantly (P < 0.001) from pigment stones (90–120 HU/105.5 pM 2.8 HU). We conclude that computed tomography provides exact discrimination between cholesterol and non‐cholesterol stones in vivo. Since only cholesterol stones can be dissolved by cheno‐ and ursodeoxycholic acid we recommend measurement of the radiodensity of gallstones by CT prior to any litholytic therapy.Furthermore the prediction of the stone composition facilitates the decision on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and the selection of specific solvents for contact lysis via a nasobiliary probe.,
Hepatitis B vaccination of haemodialysis patients: randomized controlled trial comparing plasma‐derived vaccine with and without pre‐S2 antigen
Authors: SMIT‐LEIJS M. B. L. , KRAMER P. , HEIJTINK R. A. , HOP W. C. J. , SCHALM S. W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The pre‐S2 protein of the hepatitis B virus envelope evokes anti‐pre‐S2 antibodies and enhances the anti‐HBs response after vaccination in mice. In order to evaluate the immunogenicity of the pre‐S2 Ag in man, 102 HBsAg, anti‐HBs, anti‐HBc‐negative haemodialysis patients were vaccinated at random according to one of four vaccination schedules: 5 μg plasma vaccine Pasteur (containing 1 % pre‐S2) or 20 μg plasma vaccine MSD (no pre‐S2) at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 months; or 10 μg Pasteur or 40 μg MSD at 0, 1,2 and 6 months. Anti‐HBs levels were measured by RIA and expressed in IU 1‐1; anti‐pre‐S2 response was evaluated by both EIA and Western blot analysis.Eighty‐four per cent (95% confidence interval: 75–93) of the patients exhibited an anti‐HBs response of 2 IU l‐1 or more and 71% (95% confidence interval: 61–81) reached an anti‐HBs level of at least 10 IU l‐1 within 13 months of the start of vaccination. Anti‐HBs response correlated with age (the response rate decreased with increasing age) but not with either the type of vaccine or dosage. An anti‐pre‐S2 response was observed in 16% (EIA) and 46% (Western blot) of the patients immunized with the Pasteur vaccine and none (EIA, Western blot) of the MSD group. The level of anti‐pre‐S2 antibodies correlated with high anti‐HBs titres; an anti‐pre‐S2 response occurred in only one anti‐HBs‐negative patient.The addition of 1% pre‐S2 to the HBsAg plasma hepatitis B vaccine had no significant effect on the anti‐HBs response in haemodialysis patients and did not markedly broaden protective immunity. Further studies of recombinant vaccines with a higher pre‐S2 content are needed to document the possibility of enhanced immunogenicity of pre‐S2Ag‐containing hepatitis B vaccines in man.
Renal tubular sodium handling and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, renin activity and aldosterone in untreated men under normal living conditions
Authors: CAPPUCCIO F.P. , STRAZZULLO P. , GIORGIONE N. , IACONE R. , FARINARO E. , BUCKLEY M.G. , MILLER M.A. , SAGNELLA G.A. , MacGREGOR G.A. , MANCINI M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The associations between renal tubular sodium handling and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, renin activity and aldosterone were studied in 295 untreated men under normal living conditions. The renal clearance of ingested lithium was used as a marker of proximal tubular sodium handling.Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide was inversely related to creatinine clearance (r=– 0.148, P < 0.01) and directly and significantly related to the overall fractional excretion of sodium (r= 0.213, P < 0.001) and to distal (r= 0.151, P < 0.01) fractional sodium excretion. Plasma renin activity was inversely related to sodium excretion at both proximal (r=– 0.145, P < 0.05) and distal (r=–0.236, P < 0.001) tubular site, whereas plasma aldosterone was significantly and inversely related to distal sodium excretion only (r=–0.305, P < 0.001).The association between plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and distal sodium excretion in a large sample of men under normal living conditions supports the view of a possible tubular effect of the hormone for the overall control of sodium excretion in man.
Suppression of proliferation of human epidermal keratinocytes by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 Analysis of its effect on psoriatic lesion and of its mechanism using human keratinocytes in culture
Authors: KITANO Y. , IKEDA N. , OKANO M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Psoriasis is a genetically determined chronic disease of the skin, and an accelerated proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes is one of the pathophysiological characteristics of psoriatic lesion. Recently, it was reported that topical administration of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 was effective for psoriasis. Our study was done to investigate the effect of 1,25‐(OH)2‐D3 on cell kinetics on human epidermal keratinocytes as a possible mechanism of its effect on psoriasis.After 24‐h application of 1 μg g–1 1,25‐(OH)2‐D3 ointment to psoriatic lesion, the number of mitotic keratinocytes decreased. When the cultured human keratinocytes were exposed to 10–8 mol l–1 1,25‐(OH)2‐D3 for more than 9 days, inhibition of cell proliferation was noted. DNA distribution analysis by flow cytometry showed a decrease in cells in the S phase, and increase in 2c cells. This indicates blockade of the cell cycle in the G1 phase. The cell cycle time was not extended as a result of 1,25‐(OH)2‐D3‐treatment.
The effect of virus infection on the adherence of leukocytes or platelets to endothelial cells
Authors: SPAN A.H.M. , VAN DAM‐MIERAS M.C.E. , MULLERS W. , ENDERT J. , MULLER A.D. , BRUGGEMAN C.A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. It has been reported that atherosclerotic lesions contain genomic material belonging to members of the herpes family. This suggests that latent viral infection may be one of the atherogenic triggers. In this study we show that early infection of endothelial cell monolayers with Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV) results in an increased monocyte (MC) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence, but not in an increased platelet adhesion. Further, is demonstrated that MC and PMN respond differently to virus infected endothelial cell monolayers: PMN adhesion to CMV infected cells is approximately 430% of the control adherence, while the MC adherence is increased to 160%. Also, a difference in virus acting is observed: the adherence of MC or PMN to HSV‐1 infected endothelial cells is caused by a secreted adherence promoting factor, while the adherence of MC or PMN to CMV infected endothelial cells seems to be a cell‐bound phenomenon. In addition, it was demonstrated that the augmentation of MC or PMN adherence to virus infected endothelial cells is sensitive to tunicamycin, suggesting that both virus infections induce the expression of glycoproteins on the endothelial cell membrane, which is responsible for the MC and PMN adhesion.Thus, HSV‐1 and CMV infection of endothelium results in an increased adherence of leukocytes which is suggested, irrespective of the precise nature of the mechanism of virus induced atherosclerosis, to be the earliest event associated with endothelium cell damage.
Gemfibrozil in familial combined hyperlipidaemia: effect of added low‐dose cholestyramine on plasma and biliary lipids
Authors: ÖDMAN B. , ERICSSON S. , LINDMARK M. , BERGLUND L. , ANGELIN B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Gemfibrozil is frequently used for lipid‐lowering in familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL) and in other forms of combined hyperlipidaemia. This therapy increases biliary cholesterol saturation, enhancing the risk for gallstone formation. Furthermore, in hypertriglyceridaemia, LDL cholesterol levels often tend to rise. We have explored the possibility that addition of a low dose of cholestyramine to gemfibrozil therapy obliterates these phenomena. Eighteen gallstone‐free patients with definite (n= 5) or probable (n= 10) FCHL, or combined hyperlipoproteinaemia (n= 3) were randomized to a 6 week treatment with gemfibrozil, 600 mg b.i.d., or gemfibrozil 600 mg b.i.d.plus 4 g cholestyramine o.d. After 6 weeks the patients were crossed over to the alternative treatment. Plasma lipoproteins and biliary lipids were determined at baseline and at the end of each period.Institution of gemfibrozil treatment resulted in a decrease in plasma cholesterol by 15% (P < 0.05) and in plasma triglycerides by 47% (P < 0.05); HDL cholesterol increased by 18% (P < 0.05). Addition of cholestyramine further decreased plasma and LDL total cholesterol by 9% (P < 0.05). Total triglycerides and HDL cholesterol did not change.Gemfibrozil treatment was associated with a rise in the relative biliary concentration of cholesterol from 5.6 ± 0.4 to 6.9 ± 0.5 molar percent (P < 001), and a parallel decrease in the relative concentration of bile acids, resulting in an increased cholesterol saturation of the bile, from 77.5 to 90.6% (P < 0.05). This change was not observed during the combined therapy (mean cholesterol saturation, 82.4%).It is concluded that the addition of a low dose of cholestyramine neutralizes the negative effects on biliary lipid composition induced by gemfibrozil and strengthens some of the positive effects on plasma lipoprotein levels.
The effect on body composition and exercise performance of home parenteral nutrition when given as adjunct to chemotherapy of testicular carcinoma
Authors: HYLTANDER A. , DROTT C. , UNSGAARD B. , TÖLLI J. , KÖRNER U. , ARFVIDSSON B. , LUNDHOLM K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. This study has evaluated whether long‐term and permanent total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can protect body composition and exercise capacity during iterated courses of chemotherapy (PVB) in men with testicular carcinoma. Thirty‐three men were randomly allocated by means of a computer based algorithm to receive either TPN (at hospital and home) during the entire chemotherapy period or to rely on spontaneous oral intake only. Nutrition status was assessed by measurements of whole body nitrogen (neutron activation), total body potassium, body water, urine creatinine excretion, loco‐regional body nutrition indexes (AMC, TSF) and biochemical plasma concentrations (albumin, thyroid hormones). Whole body respiratory gas exchanges were measured during resting, submaximal and maximal exercise. TPN was prescribed on an individual basis in all study patients to cover 150% of their measured caloric need; nitrogen was given as 0·2 g N kg‐1 day. All individuals were allowed to eat freely throughout the study.TPN patients were in overall positive energy balance (+850 Kcal day‐1), while the control group was in negative balance (‐532 Kcal day‐1). This led to weight gain in the TPN group (+2·2 ± 1·0 kg) while the control group lost significant weight (‐4·2±1·1 kg). The average spontaneous oral caloric intake was 1014±153 Kcal day‐1 in the TPN group and 1484 ± 200 Kcal day‐1 in the control group; total protein intake corresponded to 1·5 g protein kg day‐1 in the TPN group and 0·7 kg day‐1 in the control group. Weight gain in TPN‐treated patients consisted only of fat accumulation without significant water retention, and they lost body nitrogen to the same extent as the control patients. The adaptation to undernutrition was better preserved in the control patients determined by indirect calorimetry. Maximal exercise capacity decreased during chemotherapy in both groups to the same extent from around 180 watts to 137 watts (p<0·001), but the relationship between oxygen uptake and submaximal work was not significantly influenced by chemotherapy or TPN in either of the two groups.This study demonstrates that TPN was insufficient to protect body composition or even improve significantly the whole body nitrogen sparing and working capacity when given daily for more than eight weeks as adjunct to chemotherapy in patients with oral food intake reduced by 25–30%. Fat accumulation was the only measurable benefit. It is proposed that this is another example of the inefficiency of artificial nutrition to protect lean body mass in patients with light to pronounced negative caloric balance.
No decrease of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors and duodenal calbindin‐D9k in uraemic rats
Authors: SZABO A. , MERKE J. , THOMASSET M. , RITZ E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In parathyroids of uraemic patients or animals, decreased specific binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 has been observed and implicated in the genesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism of renal failure. We re‐examined binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 using chromatin preparations for receptor characterization which differed from previous studies (a) by inclusion of protease inhibitors (PMSF, aprotinin) and molybdate in the extraction buffer and (b) by omitting the K‐extraction step. With this method, the Nmax in the intestinal mucosa and parathyroids of uraemic animals was significantly higher, while the receptor sedimentation constant (S), DNA affinity and KD were all unchanged. The ratio of occupied to total receptors was not significantly altered. The regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors in response to acute injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 was abnormal. Calbindin‐D9k concentration in the intestines of uraemic and control rats was comparable both before and after administration of 1,25(OH)2D3.The present data demonstrate (a) increased 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors and (b) unchanged 1,25(OH)2D3‐dependent synthesis of calcium binding protein (CaBP) in experimental uraemia.