bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditory assessment of patients with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with three-day mefloquine-artesunate on the north-western border of Thailand
Authors: Carrara Verena I , Phyo Aung P , Nwee Paw , Soe Ma , Htoo Hsar , Arunkamomkiri Jaruwan , Singhasivanon Pratap , Nosten François 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
The use of artemisinin derivatives has increased exponentially with the deployment of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) in all malarious areas. They are highly effective and are considered safe, but in animal studies artemisinin derivatives produce neurotoxicity targeting mainly the auditory and vestibular pathways. The debate remains as to whether artemisinin derivatives induce similar toxicity in humans.

Methods
This prospective study assessed the effects on auditory function of a standard 3-day oral dose of artesunate (4 mg/kg/day) combined with mefloquine (25 mg/kg) in patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated at the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, on the Thai-Burmese border. A complete auditory evaluation with tympanometry, audiometry and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) was performed before the first dose and seven days after initiation of the antimalarial treatment.

Results
Complete auditory tests at day 0 (D0) and day 7 (D7) were obtained for 93 patients. Hearing loss (threshold > 25 dB) on admission was common (57%) and associated with age only. No patient had a threshold change exceeding 10 dB between D0 and D7 at any tested frequency. No patient showed a shift in Wave III peak latency of more than 0.30 msec between baseline and D7.

Conclusion
Neither audiometric or the ABR tests showed clinical evidence of auditory toxicity seven days after receiving oral artesunate and mefloquine.
Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) of lymphoma: correlation with histopathology and immunohistochemistry
Authors: El-Sayed Abeer M , El-Borai Mohammad H , Bahnassy Abeer A , El-Gerzawi Shadia MS 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the role of flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in diagnosis and characterization of lymphoma tissue specimens from Egyptian patients.MethodsFCI using 2 and 3 color staining approaches, was performed on 50 fresh lymph nodes specimen from Cairo NCI patients with suspected lymphoma presenting with either localized or generalized lymphadenopathy.FCI results were correlated with histopathologic as well as immunophenotypic[by immunohistochemistry (IHC)] findings.ResultsBy FCI, cases were diagnosed as follows: 9(18%) reactive hyperplasia (RH), 32(64%) B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) [24 diffuse large (DLBCL), 2 follicular, 3 small lymphocytic, 2 mantle cell lymphoma and a case of T cell rich B cell lymphoma], 3 (6%) T cell NHL [2 peripheral T cell lymphoma and a case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma], 2(4%) Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) while 4 (8%) were non-lymphomatous tumors (NLT). Light chain restriction (LCR) was detected in the 32 FCI diagnosed B-NHL. The overall concordance between FCI versus histopathology and IHC was 88%. The sensitivity and specificity of FCI in diagnosis of NHL was 94.9% and 100% respectively; in HL they were 40% and 100% respectively and in NLT, both sensitivity and specificity were 100% while for RH were 100% and 89.1% respectively.ConclusionFCI is a sensitive and specific method in diagnosis and classification of NHL as well as in detection of monoclonality. False negative results could be due to the presence of heterogeneous populations of lymphocytes in special types of lymphoma.
Virtual karyotyping with SNP microarrays reduces uncertainty in the diagnosis of renal epithelial tumors
Authors: Hagenkord Jill M , Parwani Anil V , Lyons-Weiler Maureen A , Alvarez Karla , Amato Robert , Gatalica Zoran , Gonzalez-Berjon Jose M , Peterson Leif , Dhir Rajiv , Monzon Federico A 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
Renal epithelial tumors are morphologically, biologically, and clinically heterogeneous. Different morphologic subtypes require specific management due to markedly different prognosis and response to therapy. Each common subtype has characteristic chromosomal gains and losses, including some with prognostic value. However, copy number information has not been readily accessible for clinical purposes and thus has not been routinely used in the diagnostic evaluation of these tumors. This information can be useful for classification of tumors with complex or challenging morphology. 'Virtual karyotypes' generated using SNP arrays can readily detect characteristic chromosomal lesions in paraffin embedded renal tumors and can be used to correctly categorize the common subtypes with performance characteristics that are amenable for routine clinical use.

Methods
To investigate the use of virtual karyotypes for diagnostically challenging renal epithelial tumors, we evaluated 25 archived renal neoplasms where sub-classification could not be definitively rendered based on morphology and other ancillary studies. We generated virtual karyotypes with the Affymetrix 10 K 2.0 mapping array platform and identified the presence of genomic lesions across all 22 autosomes.

Results
In 91% of challenging cases the virtual karyotype unambiguously detected the presence or absence of chromosomal aberrations characteristic of one of the common subtypes of renal epithelial tumors, while immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization had no or limited utility in the diagnosis of these tumors.

Conclusion
These results show that virtual karyotypes generated by SNP arrays can be used as a practical ancillary study for the classification of renal epithelial tumors with complex or ambiguous morphology.
Osseointegration of zirconia implants: an SEM observation of the bone-implant interface
Authors: Depprich Rita , Zipprich Holger , Ommerborn Michelle , Mahn Eduardo , Lammers Lydia , Handschel Jörg , Naujoks Christian , Wiesmann Hans-Peter , Kübler Norbert R , Meyer Ulrich 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
The successful use of zirconia ceramics in orthopedic surgery led to a demand for dental zirconium-based implant systems. Because of its excellent biomechanical characteristics, biocompatibility, and bright tooth-like color, zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO2) has the potential to become a substitute for titanium as dental implant material. The present study aimed at investigating the osseointegration of zirconia implants with modified ablative surface at an ultrastructural level.

Methods
A total of 24 zirconia implants with modified ablative surfaces and 24 titanium implants all of similar shape and surface structure were inserted into the tibia of 12 Göttinger minipigs. Block biopsies were harvested 1 week, 4 weeks or 12 weeks (four animals each) after surgery. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed at the bone implant interface.

Results
Remarkable bone attachment was already seen after 1 week which increased further to intimate bone contact after 4 weeks, observed on both zirconia and titanium implant surfaces. After 12 weeks, osseointegration without interposition of an interfacial layer was detected. At the ultrastructural level, there was no obvious difference between the osseointegration of zirconia implants with modified ablative surfaces and titanium implants with a similar surface topography.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate similar osseointegration of zirconia and titanium implants at the ultrastructural level.
Research Note—The Researcher as a Consumer of Scientific Publications: How Do Name-Ordering Conventions Affect Inferences About Contribution Credits?
Authors: Maciejovsky Boris , Budescu David V. , Ariely Dan 
Published: November 2008

When researchers from different fields with different norms collaborate, the question arises of how name-ordering conventions are chosen and how they affect contribution credits. In this paper, we answer these questions by studying two disciplines that exemplify the two cornerstones of name-ordering conventions: lexicographical ordering (i.e., alphabetical ordering, endorsed in economics) and nonlexicographical ordering (i.e., ordering according to individual contributions, endorsed in psychology). Inferences about credits are unambiguous in the latter arrangement but imperfect in the former, because alphabetical listing can reflect ordering according to individual contributions by chance. We contrast the fields of economics and psychology with marketing, a discipline heavily influenced by both. Based on archival data, consisting of more than 38,000 journal articles, we show that the three fields have different ordering practices. In two empirical studies with 351 faculty and graduate student participants from all three disciplines, as well as in a computer simulation, we show that ordering practices systematically affect and shape the allocation of perceived contributions and credit. Whereas strong disciplinary norms in economics and psychology govern the allocation of contribution credits, a more heterogeneous picture emerges for marketing. This lack of strong norms has detrimental effects in terms of assigned contribution credits.
Soda-AQ delignification of poplar wood. Part 2: Further degradation of initially dissolved lignins
Authors: Venica Albert D. , Chen Chen-Loung , Gratzl Josef S. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Degraded lignin fragments dissolved in pulping liquor during the soda AQ pulping of poplar (Populus deltoides) wood with a flow through reactor were divided in two fractions. The first one (LF-1) was collected during the heating-up period (100°C until the final temperature t
max=170°C); the second one (LF-2) was collected at t
max with 60 min cooking time. These two liquors were then treated at 170°C for 70 min (leading to a liquor LF-1A) and 10 min (leading to a liquor LF-2A). By these post-treatments, pulping liquors of batch pulpings were simulated. From the four liquors, lignins were isolated and after purification the chemical and physical properties were characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC: to obtain their molecular weight distribution), nitrobenzene oxidation, permanganate oxidation, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. By these means, the reaction mechanisms of dissolved and degraded lignin fragments in pulping liquors was elucidated and insight was gained concerning the effectiveness of the anthraquinone-anthrahydroquinone (AQ-AHQ) redox system using the corresponding batch lignin preparation as reference. The simulated batch fractions LF-1A, LF-2A, and true batch lignin preparations are similar. They have a high content of condensed arylpropane units. Among them, syringylpropane units are most severely degraded, in particular, etherified β-aryl ether bonds are cleaved to a great extent after dissolution in pulping liquor. The structure of the remaining degraded lignin fragments was changed seriously, particularly on their side chains. Oxidation and disproportionation reactions are typical. In the presence of fibers, xylans tend preferentially to simple deposition on fibers instead of grafting with the degraded lignin fragments. Dissolution of carbohydrates is not affected by higher alkali concentration at the end of the pulping, and the yield losses are caused by a better lignin removal.
Fenton-induced degradation of polyethylene glycol and oak holocellulose. A model experiment in comparison to changes observed in conserved waterlogged wood
Authors: Almkvist Gunnar , Persson Ingmar 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Degradation of polysaccharides and polyethylene glycol have recently been observed in the wood of the Swedish war-ship Vasa. The signs of degradation are highly correlated to the presence of iron compounds, indicating iron initiated reactions of Fenton type. In order to test this hypothesis pure polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mw
=1500 u) and prepared oak holocellulose were oxidized by hyddroxyl radicals induced by Fenton's reagent [Fe(II)/H2O2] in aqueous solution. The changes in molar weight distribution (MWD) were analysed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography. The changes in MWD were consistent to random scission of the polymers according to statistical simulations. By NMR analysis the main PEG degradation products formed were identified as PEG molecules with different end groups: alcohols, aldehydes and formate esters; the latter hydrolyse to formic acid. The all over results show close similarities to the situation observed in the Vasa wood and strengthen the hypothesis of oxidative degradation initiated by iron compounds in the wood.
Analysis of acids and degradation products related to iron and sulfur in the Swedish warship Vasa
Authors: Almkvist Gunnar , Persson Ingmar 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Aqueous wood extracts from the historic Swedish warship Vasa have been analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry as part of studies on the chemical degradation related to increased levels of iron and sulfur. The results show that low molecular organic acids have accumulated in the Vasa wood after the 1961 salvage. The increased acidity was found in a context of chemical degradation of the wood polymers and the conservation agent polyethylene glycol (PEG) in iron-rich parts of the timber. Formic, glycolic and oxalic acid are all possible end-products of oxidative degradation of wood polymers, whereas hydrolysis of acetyl groups in xylan may have contributed to increased concentrations of acetic acid. MALDI-TOF spectra of PEG displaced towards low-molecular PEG oligomers, as reported earlier, were accompanied by increased levels of formic acid, indicating oxidative degradation of PEG. PEG with a carboxylic acid end group (PEGC) was observed to a minor degree in the wood. However, analysis of stored conservation treatment solutions showed high concentrations of PEGC yielding significant contributions to the acidity during the 1960s conservation period. PEGC was probably formed as a result of microbial processes during the early conservation regime. Calculations using concentrations and well-established acidity constants show that oxalic and formic acid are the primary contributors to a low pH in the wood. The increased acidity in the interior of the wood was found in the absence of sulfur compounds but in a context of iron. The majority of the sub-samples with significant levels of sulfate in the surface region with a prospective sulfur oxidation, however, showed neither a decreased pH nor significant depolymerization. This indicates that oxidation pathways of organically bound sulfur do not necessarily produce strong acids, and thereby free protons, as the final product. These observations imply opposing effects of iron and reduced sulfur species, with iron acting as a initiator in oxidative reactions of Fenton type, whereas the reduced organic sulfur compounds may act as anti-oxidants.
Laboratory diagnosis and clinical manifestations of patients with dysfibrinogenemia / Laboratoriumsdiagnostik und klinische Manifestation der Dysfribrinogenämie
Authors: Miesbach Wolfgang 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Hereditary dysfibrinogenemia is a rare clotting disorder due to a structural defect in the fibrinogen molecule that results in a tendency for bleeding and thrombosis, as well as obstetric complications. We describe the laboratory results and clinical manifestations for 50 patients with a diagnosis of dysfibrinogenemia. Various different laboratory measurements of fibrinogen were performed on samples from these patients, including fibrinogen (Clauss), heat fibrinogen precipitation according to Schulz and immunological fibrinogen. Fifty patients were found with dysfibrinogenemia (52% female; median age 52, range 9–89 years). The fibrinogen level according to Clauss was low, with a median of 51 mg/dL (range 15–86 mg/dL; normal range 150–450 mg/dL). Determination of other fibrinogen levels revealed normal results: heat fibrinogen precipitation according to Schulz, 240 mg/dL; and immunological fibrinogen, 244 mg/dL. The median reptilase time was longer than normal, at 55 s (normal 20 s). Some 50% of the patients reported a distinct bleeding tendency, mostly a tendency for hematoma (60%) and secondary bleeding (44%). Thirteen patients had thrombotic events, of which 54% were located arterially. Some 12% of the patients reported a tendency for bleeding and for thrombosis, whereas 19% had miscarriages, sometimes recurrent. We found that functional fibrinogen levels (Clauss) were generally lower in patients with bleeding manifestations (43 vs. 57 mg/dL in other patients).
Procalcitonin und seine Bedeutung für die Diagnose bakterieller Infektionen / Procalcitonin: Importance for the diagnosis of bacterial infections
Authors: Christ-Crain Mirjam , Schuetz Philipp , Huber Andreas R. , Müller Beat 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
Procalcitonin ist das Pro-Hormon von Calcitonin. Im Gegensatz zu Calcitonin, welches primär in der Schilddrüse gebildet wird, wird Procalcitonin bei einer bakteriellen Infektion im Körper von allen infizierten parenchymatösen Organen produziert.
Insbesondere bei der Diagnosestellung milder, lokalisierter oder beginnender Infektionen muss ein empfindliches Verfahren verwendet werden mit einer funktionellen Sensitivität, die idealerweise in dem Bereich gesunder Individuen messen kann (ca. 0,02 μg/L).
Procalcitonin konnte aufgrund seiner überlegenen diagnostischen Eigenschaften bei Atemwegsinfektionen die initiale Antibiotikaverschreibung sowie die Dauer der Antibiotikatherapie sowohl im stationären als auch im ambulanten Bereich in der Hausarztpraxis deutlich reduzieren (um 40–75%).
Obwohl prognostisch Procalcitonin anderen Infektionsmarkern überlegen ist, liegt jedoch eine eingeschränkte Aussagekraft bei der initialen Untersuchung bei Eintritt vor. Insbesondere der Verlauf von Procalcitonin kann aber über die Prognose Auskunft geben: sehr hohe und im Verlauf ansteigende Werte zeigen ein hohes Risiko für einen ungünstigen Verlauf an.
Trotz dieser Vorteile gegenüber anderen Infektionsmarkern ist Procalcitonin kein perfekter Marker für Infektionen. So kann es falsch hoch sein bei nicht-bakteriellen Erkrankungen (z.B. posttraumatisch, Malaria, schwerste Entzündungen, medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom) und bleibt bei streng lokalisierten Infektionen in einem relativ tiefen Bereich.
Wie jeder andere Biomarker sollte Procalcitonin deshalb immer im Kontext von Anamnese und klinischer Untersuchung interpretiert werden. Unter dieser Verantwortung kann mittels Procalcitonin die Diagnose einer bakteriellen Infektion deutlich verbessert werden.
Haben die Konzentrationen von Interleukin 6, Procalcitonin und CRP bei Intensivpatienten während des ersten Fieberanstieges eine prognostische Bedeutung? / Interleukin 6, procalcitonin and CRP levels during first increase of fever in intensive care patients
Authors: Fraunberger Peter , Holler Ernst , Parhofer Klaus G. , Walli Autar K. , Seidel Dietrich 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
Zur Untersuchung der klinischen Bedeutung von Biomarkern während intensivmedizinischer Betreuung wurden Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reaktives Protein (CRP) bei 38 kritisch kranken Patienten während des ersten Fieberanstieges über 38,3°C gemessen. Bereits zum Zeitpunkt des Fieberanstieges konnten signifikant höhere IL-6-Konzentrationen bei Patienten verzeichnet werden, welche die Erkrankung nicht überlebten. Insbesondere IL-6-Werte >1000 pg/mL waren mit sehr hoher Mortalität assoziiert. Sensitivität, Spezifität, positive and negative Vorhersagewerte zur Beurteilung der Mortalität waren für IL-6 höher als für PCT und CRP. ROC-Analysen zeigten die höchste prognostische Wertigkeit für IL-6-Konzentrationen im Vergleich zu PCT und CRP-Konzentrationen. Diese Daten unterstützen die Hypothese, dass eine deutlich erhöhte IL-6-Konzentration bereits zum Zeitpunkt des ersten Fieberanstieges ein guter Frühmarker zur Erkennung von Hochrisikopatienten mit hoher Mortalität ist.
Update on Injury Trends in Alpine Skiing
Authors: Johnson Robert J. , Ettlinger Carl F. , Shealy Jasper E. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Over the 34 years from December of 1972 to April of 2006 the authors evaluated prospectively 18,696 injuries sustained by 17,193 skiers and reported to the injury clinic operated in the base lodge of a medium-sized northern Vermont ski area. Data from a total of 3966 randomly selected uninjured controls were also collected. Over the period approximately 6,780,940 skier-visits were accrued by the area. The overall injury rate dropped by 55 % over the 34 years of the study to 1.9 injuries per thousand skier visits. Among lower extremity injuries only tibial plateau fractures produced a statistically significant negative trend. Twist-related lower leg injuries improved the most with a net reduction of 87 % over 34 years. Bending-related lower leg injuries showed no improvement in the last half of the study. Overall, the incidence of knee ligament injuries changed very little. However, the incidence of minor to moderate sprains diminished by 77 % while severe knee sprains, usually involving the anterior cruciate ligament, increased by 268 % through the early 90s. Since then there has been a 37 % improvement. Among upper body injuries only clavicle and humerus fractures produced statistically significant negative trends.
Giovanni Maria Bononcini and the Uses of the Modes
Authors: Barnett Gregory 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The persistence of the modes in the seventeenth century, their significance in Baroque-era musical thought, and the impact of modal theory on composition are all exemplified in the work of Giovanni Maria Bononcini (1642–78), violinist, maestro di cappella, and energetic proponent of twelve-mode theory. He sought to incorporate modal technique in an unprecedented array of musical styles, and the realization of his modal principles in his duos, madrigals, and sonatas—motivated in part by professional circumstances and by the interests of his patrons—represents the most detailed demonstration of the modes in his time. As applied in his compositions, Bononcini's modal theory proves to be less a system of tonal organization than a musical symbol—of erudition, history, and Catholic tradition—whose meanings he could shape.
RISK‐SENSITIVE ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR IN THE TRINIDADIAN GUPPY,POECILIA RETICULATA
Authors: Botham M. S. , Hayward R. K. , Morrell L. J. , Croft D. P. , Ward J. R. , Ramnarine I. , Krause J. 
Published: November 2008

The comparative approach has become a powerful tool for understanding how predation has shaped prey behavior. In this study we recorded the occurrence of common aquatic predator species and their densities in seven natural populations of Trinidadian guppies,Poecilia reticulata. We then exposed shoals of guppies from each of these populations to a series of predator treatments. Predator treatments differed in the species of predator used (pike cichlids,Crenicichla frenata; rivulus,Rivulus hartii; and freshwater prawns,Macrobrachium carcinus) and thus in the level of risk posed. We recorded the antipredator responses of guppies in each of these predator treatments.The strength of antipredator behavior shown by guppies was affected by both the type of predator they were exposed to and the level of predation risk they experienced naturally in the wild. Importantly, we found that guppies from high‐risk populations showed a heightened response, compared to those from lower risk populations, only when exposed to the predator species that posed the greatest risk. Our results show the importance of individual predator species in shaping the behavioral traits of prey species at the population level. This has implications for prey movement between habitats that are geographically close but differ greatly in predator fauna.