bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REGULATION OF CALCIUM‐PARATHYROID HORMONE FEEDBACK IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM: EFFECTS OF BISPHOSPHONATE TREATMENT
Authors: ADAMI S. , MIAN M. , BERTOLDO F. , ROSSINI M. , JAYAWERRA P. , O'RIORDAN J. L. H. , LO CASCIO V. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYDichloromethylene bisphosphonate (C12MBP), a powerful inhibitor of bone resorption, was administered to 27 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. It was given by either intravenous infusion (six patients, 500‐1000 mg day), or by intramuscular injection (six patients, 100‐200 mg/day) or by mouth (15 patients, 1600‐2400 mg/day) for 20–180 days. Sustained suppression of bone resorption was observed in all patients, as judged by a fall in the urinary hydroxyproline excretion. In contrast, the hypocalcaemic effect was inconsistent and short‐lived, particularly in the patients without overt bone disease. The fall in serum calcium seemed largely to be due to a transient dissociation between bone resorption and bone formation and was associated with increases in circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH). In ten patients given the bisphosphonate orally for 6 months, serum calcium was unchanged but serum PTH was significantly raised. These results suggest that Cl2MBP may be of use for short‐term correction of severe hypercalcaemia due to hyperparathyroidism, particularly in the patients with overt bone disease. However, its long‐term use should not be recommended because of increased PTH secretion.
Graves'DISEASE IN PREGNANCY: TSH RECEPTOR BINDING INHIBITING IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND MATERNAL AND NEONATAL THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: MORTIMER ROBIN H. , TYACK SHIRLEY A. , GALLIGAN JOHN P. , PERRY‐KEENE DONALD A. , TAN YONG M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe studied interrelationships between maternal and neonatal thyroid function, TSH receptor binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII), and dose of thionamide antithyroid drugs in 44 women with active Graves'disease presenting during 46 pregnancies, and their 48 infants. The women were treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) or carbimazole (CBZ). In 30 pregnancies (30 infants) treatment was withdrawn from 3 to 18 weeks before delivery (Group A). Drug treatment (PTU, n = 10, dose 50‐400 mg/day or CBZ, n = 6, dose 5‐45 mg/day) was continued throughout pregnancy and delivery in 16 pregnancies producing 18 infants (Group B). The maternal TBII at delivery was well correlated with maternal free thyroxine index (FTI) averaged over the third trimester (r = 0.603, P < 0.001) and umbilical venous serum TBII (r = 0940, P < 0.001). Neonatal FTI was independently related to umbilical vein TBII (t = 2.29, P = 0.03) and maternal dose of antithyroid drug (t =−2.21, P = 003). Neonatal thyrotoxicosis was seen in all four infants (8% of births) of women whose TBII levels at delivery exceeded 70%. No child was born with a subnormal FTI but 7/18 infants in group B had raised TSH at birth. This was more likely to occur (P = 0.05) if maternal TBII was <30% (6/10) than if maternal TBII was > 30% (1/8). Four Group B women with FTI in the lower half of the reference range delivered infants with raised TSH compared with 3/14 (21%) women whose FTI was in the upper half of the reference range or above (P = 0.05). In pregnant women with active Graves'disease TBII levels reflect stimulatory TSH receptor antibody activity. TBII measurements are of use in the prediction of neonatal thyrotoxicosis and impaired neonatal thyroid function in infants of women treated with antithyroid drugs.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT BY CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ACROMEGALY ASSOCIATED WITH ECTOPIC GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE SECRETION FROM A CARCINOID TUMOUR
Authors: HARRIS P. E. , BOULOUX P. M. G. , WASS J. A. H. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAcromegaly secondary to the secretion of ectopic growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is rare. We have documented the presentation and unusual clinical course of a patient with a disseminated GHRH‐secreting bronchial carcinoid tumour associated with acromegaly over a 17‐year period. Recurrent widespread metastatic lesions have been treated over a 10‐year period by repeated cycles of the nitrosourea CCNU and 5‐fluorouracil with evidence of tumour regression and reduction of circulating growth hormone (GH) and urinary 5HIAA excretion. This cytotoxic regimen, which has been well tolerated, may prove valuable in the management of disseminated carcinoid tumours.
SUPPRESSION OF PLASMA ANDROGENS BY THE ANTIANDROGEN FLUTAMIDE IN PROSTATIC CANCER PATIENTS TREATED WITH ZOLADEX, A GnRH ANALOGUE
Authors: AYUB M. , LEVELL M. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYChronic treatment with the GnRH (gonadotrophin hormone releasing hormone) agonist Zoladex causes suppression of testicular androgens. Use of antiandrogens has been advocated to block the effects of the initial surge of androgens, and to block any presumed effects of adrenal androgens. We have measured plasma concentrations of androgens and possible precursors before and during treatment in the following prostate cancer patients: 10 who received Zoladex alone (Z), nine who received Zoladex ± the anti‐androgen flutamide (Z + F) and five who were orchidectomized (O). Testosterone fell in the Z + F group to 0.84±0.21 nmol/l(mean±SD) significantly lower (Wilcoxon P < 0.05) than after Z (1.58±1.84 nmol/1) alone. Progesterone and 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone did not change significantly in any group. Androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) showed significant falls in Z + F (from 3.44±0.34 to 1.92±0.18 μmol/1 and from 3.88±0.64 to 1.92 μ 0.36 μmnol/ 1 respectively) but not in other groups. These results are consistent with our demonstration of an inhibitory effect of flutamide, hydroxyflutamide and other antiandrogens on human adrenal microsomal 17α‐hydroxylase and 17, 20‐lyase activitiesin vitro.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE ROLE OF SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE (SMS 201‐995) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH TALL STATURE
Authors: HINDMARSH P. C. , PRINGLE P. J. , DI SILVIO L. , BROOK C. G. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe have studied the effect of somatostatin analogue (SMS 201‐995) given as a subcutaneous injection on the growth and growth hormone secretion in seven tall children (two male; five female). SMS 201‐995 was given in doses of 37.5 or 50 μg on a once or twice‐daily regimen. Growth velocity decreased from a pretreatment median of 8.3 cm/year (range 5.5–12.2) to 30 cm/year (range 0.2–4.5) after 6 months treatment (Wilcoxon, P=0.02). In three of the children therapy was discontinued for the next 6 months with restoration of growth rate to pretreatment values in two of the three. Growth hormone secretion decreased as a result of SMS 201‐995 therapy although one child needed a twice‐daily regimen to achieve long‐term suppression. Final height measurements were reduced in four of five patients with an overall reduction between 1.1 and 6.3 cm and no change in the other. No effects of treatment on fasting glucose and insulin, glycosylated haemoglobin or serum thyroxine concentrations were observed. These preliminary studies suggest that SMS 201‐995 may have a role in the management of the growth of tall children but the optimum mode of administration remains to be established.
Endocrine function in patients with Cushing's disease before and after treatment
Authors: Lindholm Jörgen 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective To estimate the value of some commonly used tests In diagnosing Cushing's disease and to assess the outcome after treatment design Follow‐up of a consecutive group of patients for 4·1 to 109·6 months, median 34·4 patients Forty‐six patients assumed to have ACTH dependent hypercorticism (of 50 patients with Cushing's syndrome) were included. Forty‐five underwent trans‐sphenoidal neurosurgery. Ten were treated preoperatively with radiotherapy measurements Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid and gonadal function, radiology and pituitary histology were evaluated results One main finding was a significant correlation between the urinary excretion of cortisol before and during administration of dexamethasone. Thus patients with modestly elevated urinary cortisol excretion had an apparently normal suppression. The urinary cortisol values during the dexamethasone test were significantly related to the peak plasma cortisol concentrations at the 30‐minute ACTH tests. Computed tomography failed to Identify an adenoma In 10 of the 19 patients who were histologlcally proved to harbour a corticotroph adenoma. At 6 months after radiotherapy, clinical and biochemical improvement was noted in none. Cure was achieved In 36 after neurosurgery. Eventually, adrenalectomy was needed In eight patients. Sixteen patients developed persisting adrenal Insufficiency after neurosurgery so that the total number of patients on permanent steroid substitution was 24. Post‐operative thyroid and gonadal Insufficiency (In men and women of fertile age) was found In 36 and 49%, respectively conclusions The diagnostic value of measuring the cortisol excretion during dexamethasone administration appears doubtful. The outcome after neurosurglcal treatment for Cushing's disease Is not entirely satisfactory. Further studies are needed to decide whether adrenalectomy as the first line of therapy should be considered relevant in some patients with Cushing's disease
Morbidity in patients on l‐thyroxine: a comparison of those with a normal TSH to those with a suppressed TSH
Authors: Leese G. P. , Jung R. T. , Guthrie C. , Waugh N. , Browning M. C. K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE Patients on l‐thyroxine with a ‘suppressed’ TSH (< 0 05 mU/l) were compared to those in whom TSH was detectable but not elevated (0 05– 4 0 mU/l), with regard to morbidity data.DESIGN Biochemical data from Tayside Thyroid Register was matched to hospital admissions data obtained from Health Board Statistics.PATIENTS The patients were identified from those registered on the computerized Tayside Register.MEASUREMENTS Serum T4 and TSH assays, clinical assessment scores, and admission records with regard to ischaemic heart disease, overall fractures, fractured neck of femur and breast carcinoma.RESULTS Over one year, 1180 patients on thyroxine replacement had clinical and biochemical assessment; 59% had a suppressed TSH and 38%‘normal’ TSH. Patients with a suppressed TSH exhibited higher median serum thyroxine levels (146 nmol/l, range 77– 252 vs 119 nmol/l, 58– 224; P<0001). Patients under the age of 65 years on l‐thyroxine had an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease compared to the general population (female 2 7 vs 0 7%, P<0 001; male 6 4 vs 17%, P<0 01), but the risk was no different between those with suppressed and normal TSH. There was no increase in risk for overall fracture, fractured neck of femur or breast carcinoma in those on thyroxine with suppressed or normal TSH.CONCLUSION Patients under the age of 65 years on l‐thyroxine had an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease. There was no excess of fractures in patients on l‐thyroxine even if the TSH is suppressed.
Effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone metabolism in an iodine and selenium deficient population
Authors: Contempré B. , Duale N. L. , Dumont J. E. , Ngo B. , Diplock A. T. , Vanderpas J. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE Severe selenlum deficiency has been documented In northern Zaïre, already known as one of the most Iodine deficient regions In the world and characterized by a predominance of the myxoedematous form of cretinism. This has been attributed to the double deficiency of essential trace elements. A short selenium supplementation programme was conducted In this area to evaluate the effects of a selenium supplementation on thyroid diseases.DESIGN Placebo or selenium 50 ųg as selenomethionine was administered once dally for 2 months. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after supplementation. PATIENTS Fifty‐two healthy schoolchildren from northern Zaire.MEASUREMENT Selenium status, thyroid function and urinary Iodide were determined.RESULTS After 2 months of selenium supplementation, mean±SD serum T4 decreased from 73.1 ± 45.4 to 48.3 ± 23.7 nmol/l (P <0.001), serum FT4 from 11.8.6.7 to 8.4.41 pmol/l (P, 0.01), and serum rT3 from 124.115 to 90.72 pmol/l (P < 0.05), without significant change In serum T3 and serum TSH.CONCLUSION Delodinase type I which has been shown to be a seleno‐enzyme could account for the changes in thyroid hormones In our subjects. Our data show that selenium plays a definite role in thyroid hormone metabolism In humans. Selenium could be an Important cofactor in the clinical picture of Iodine deficiency In Central Africa could be Involved In the aetiology of both forms of cretinism.
Risk factors for coronary artery disease in lean and obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Conway Gerard S. , Agrawal R. , Betteridge D. J. , Jacobs H. S. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE The evidence that some women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are hyperinsulinaemic has brought into question their risk of developing early coronary artery disease. We have focused on three cardiac risk factors which have been associated with hyperinsullnaemia by measuring glucose tolerance, fasting serum lipid concentrations and blood pressure in women with PCOS.DESIGN Comparison of clinical and biochemical measurements in lean and obese women with PCOS and in women with normal ovaries. Determinants of the risk factors for coronary artery disease were assessed by multiple regression analysis.PATIENTS One hundred and two women with ultrasound diagnosed PCOS and 19 lean women with normal ovaries were studied. Patients were recruited from a reproductive endocrine clinic.MEASUREMENTS Fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), HDL2, glucose tolerance, fasting and stimulated insulin, gonadotrophins, testosterone and androstenedione were measured during a 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test. Recumbent blood pressure was measured automatically.RESULTS Lean women with PCOS were found to be hyperinsulinaemic and have reduced serum HDL and HDL2 concentrations compared to women with normal ovaries; serum insulin concentrations correlated positively with plasma glucose and blood pressure measurements in multiple regression analysis. Obese women with PCOS were in addition found to have higher systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride and plasma glucose concentration than lean women with PCOS and controls.CONCLUSIONS These results support the evidence that hyperinsulinaemic women with PCOS have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and therefore form a population in whom metabolic screening is advisable.
Prolonged treatment with finasteride (a 5α‐reductase inhibitor) does not affect bone density and metabolism
Authors: Matzkin Halm , Chen Juza , Weisman Yosef , Goldray David , Pappas Fran , Jaccard Niva , Braf Zvl 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE Since it is not clear whether testosterone or dihydrotestosterone is the active hormone in bone metabolism, we wished to assess the effect of finasteride, a 5α‐reductase inhibitor, on vertebral bone mineral density and parameters of bone and mineral metabolism.DESIGN Patients were treated in a randomized, double‐blind controlled study with either placebo, 1 or 5 mg/day finasteride.PATIENTS Twenty‐three men with benign prostatic hyper‐plasla (BPH) were included in this study; eight received placebo, seven were allocated to treatment with 1 mg/day, and eight to 5 mg/day finasteride for 12 months.MEASUREMENTS Vertebral bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine by dual energy X‐ray bone densltometry. Serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcln and vitamin D metabolites were measured regularly. Urinary calcium and creatinlne excretion were monitored as well.RESULTS Finasteride caused a significant decrease in serum dlhydrotestosterone after 6 and 12 months, but no effect on serum testosterone. Vertebral bone mineral density remained unaltered. None of the other parameters monitored were affected except for a small unexplained increase in 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D in the group receiving 5 mg finasteride/day.CONCLUSIONS Testosterone is probably the active hormone in bone metabolism. However, oestradiol, the product of testosterone aromatization (which remains unaltered under finasteride) may yet be another possible responsible steroid in the maintenance of bone density. We can also not rule out that the small amount of dihydrotestosterone remaining under finasteride administration is sufficient for maintaining normal bone metabolism.
Impaired thermoregulation in adults with growth hormone deficiency during heat exposure and exercise
Authors: Juul Anders , Behrenscheer Anne , Tims Trine , Nielsen Bodil , Halkjær‐Kristensen Jens , Skakkebæk Niels E. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE It has recently been shown that patients with growth hormone deficiency have a reduced sweating capacity. We hypothesize that reduced sweating might affect thermoregulation in growth hormone deficiency patients. In the present study we have examined thermoregulation in growth hormone deficiency patients.DESIGN AND PATIENTS Six adult growth hormone deficiency patients and six matched controls were exposed to a 90‐minute heat period (40°C). On a second day the subjects exercised for 30 minutes under standardized conditions.MEASUREMENTS On both occasions changes in GH secretion, sweating and temperature were registered. Heat storage and evaporation were calculated from these data.RESULTS We found that during the moderate heat exposure, evaporation was less (56.7 vs 115.6 W, P= 0.0037) and heat storage greater (60.7 v s 37.0 W, P= 0.025) in growth hormone deficiency patients compared to their matched controls. Two of the six patients reacted with severe clinical symptoms of heat exhaustion, whereas the controls were unaffected. After exercise the patients reached significantly higher core temperatures than their matched controls (38.1 vs 37.8°C, P= 0.0097).CONCLUSIONS Thus, our findings are indicative of a reduced thermoregulatory function in some patients with G H deficiency.
Screening for thyroid diseases in an iodine sufficient area with sensitive thyrotrophin assays, and serum thyroid autoantibody and urinary iodide determinations
Authors: Konno N. , Yuri K. , Taguchi H. , Miura K. , Taguchi S. , Hagiwara K. , Murakami S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and Its relation to thyroid autoantibodies and urine iodide concentration in apparently healthy people residing in Sapporo, a city of northern Japan, where the iodine intake is high.DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Serum TSH and thyroid autoantibodies, and urine iodide were measured in 4110 people (2931 men and 1179 women) (age 456 ± 103 years (mean ± SD)) who were recruited at the hospital for medical examinations.RESULTS The thyroid autoantibodies were positive in 6.4% of males and 13.8% of females with an age‐related increase. Of the people with positive antibodies, 87.2% had normal TSH values (0.15–5.0 mU/l) as measured by a sensitive assay. The prevalence of unsuspected hyperthyroidism as defined by suppressed TSH values was 0.61%, of which 64% was diagnosed as Graves' disease based on positive thyrotrophin receptor antibody results. The prevalence of unsuspected hypothyroidism, as evidenced by supranormal TSH, was 0.68% for males and 3.13% for females with an age‐related increase. Of those with hypothyroidism, 45.5% were autoantibody positive. The overall prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 13.11% for females and 6.15% for males. The urine iodide levels of hypothyroidism with a positive autoantibody of 38.5 (17.7–83.9)μmol/l and a negative autoantibody of 34.9 (17.9–67.9) μmol/l were both significantly higher than that of normal subjects (26.9 (14.6–49.6) μmol/l) (P <0.01). When iodine intake was restricted for 6–8 weeks for hypothyroid subjects, the elevated TSH and thyroglobulin and low free T4 levels were reversed in the autoantibody negative but not in the positive group.CONCLUSIONS This study provides further information on the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroid diseases in an iodine sufficient area. In addition, it suggests that more than half of the patients with unsuspected hypothyroidism were negative for autoantibodies and that the excessive iodine intake may be involved in causing latent hypothyroidism.
The relation between clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome and β‐cell function
Authors: Weber R. F. A. , Pache T. D. , Jacobs M. L. , Doctor R. , Loriaux D. Lynn , Fauser B. C. J. M. , Birkenhäger J. C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOBJECTIVE Hyperandrogenism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome has been shown to correlate with hyperinsulinaemia of insulin resistance. We have investigated if basal levels of insulin and the response to the intravenous administration of glucagon can reveal insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.PATIENTS Nine obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and nine non‐obese (BMI 19–25 kg/m2) women with PCOS, chosen from a population of 91 women attending the infertility clinic, and 19 normally cycling women (seven obese, 12 non‐obese) were studied. Oligo or ameno‐rrhoea, hirsutism, and 12 or more follicles in a given ovary were selection criteria.MEASUREMENTS Glucagon, 1 mg, was given intravenously to 18 of the 91 women and to the control subjects. Blood was taken at –5, 0, 5, 10 and 15 minutes for measurements of integrated areas under the response curve for insulin, C‐peptide and glucose, respectively. Basal blood samples were drawn for fasting insulin, C‐peptide, glucose, testosterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), free fatty acids and IGF‐I measurements. The free androgen index was calculated according to the formula FAI = testosterone ± 100/SHBG.RESULTS There were no significant differences in maximal increment and area under the response curve for glucose, C‐peptide and insulin. FAI was significantly higher in all patients with features of polycystic ovary syndrome. However, fasting insulin levels were significantly higher only in obese patients when compared with obese control subjects and lean patients.CONCLUSIONS The administration of 1 mg glucagon i.v. did not distinguish patients with polycystic ovary syndrome from control subjects. The mild insulin resistance of polycystic ovary syndrome is related only to obesity and is therefore unlikely to play an important role in the hyperandrogenism associated with the syndrome.