bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of moyamoya syndrome and hemoglobin E/beta‐thalassemia
Authors: Parker Torrey M. , Ward Leanne M. , Johnston Donna L. , Ventureya Enrique , Klaassen Robert J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMoyamoya syndrome is a rare diagnosis that has been linked to a small number of hemoglobinopathies. Children with Moyamoya syndrome tend to present with transient ischemic attacks, mental deficiency, and/or neurological deficits. We describe a case of a 15‐year‐old Cambodian male with HbE/β‐thalassemia who was found to have left Moyamoya syndrome as part of an evaluation for growth hormone deficiency. The link between Moyamoya syndrome and HbE/β‐thalassemia may be multifactorial, but Moyamoya syndrome is an important consequence to consider in children with HbE/β‐thalassemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:422–424. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in prenatal diagnosis—experience of a large series of rapid testing for aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y
Authors: Gerdes Tommy , Kirchhoff Maria , Lind Anne‐Marie , Vestergaard Larsen Gitte , Kjaergaard Susanne 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundMultiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is a relatively new method for rapid prenatal diagnosis of common aneuploidies, and larger series to evaluate its performance remain to be reported.MethodsA total of 2400 prenatal chorionic villus samples (CVS) and 1525 prenatal samples of amniotic fluids (AF) were analyzed using a commercial MLPA kit (SALSA P095) for aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y, and subsequent G‐banding.ResultsMLPA gave conclusive results in 2330 (97.1%) CVS and 1417 (92.9%) AF samples. MLPA and G‐banding showed concordant results except for five CVS and two AF. These were acceptable differences, as MLPA is not expected to detect all cases of mosaicism or partial deletions. MLPA gave inconclusive results for 19 (0.79%) CVS and 20 (1.31%) AF samples in which mosaicism, triploidy, contamination by maternal cells, or structural abnormalities were suspected by MLPA. Finally, 30 (1.97%) AF were discarded because of maternal blood staining, and 51 (2.1%) CVS and 58 (3.8%) AF were discarded because of technical problems.ConclusionThe data presented confirm that MLPA is a rapid, simple and reliable method for large scale testing for nonmosaic aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, or Y in trypsin‐digested CVS and in AF. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing women's acceptance of prenatal screening tests
Authors: Li De‐Kun , Karlberg Kristen , Wi Soora , Norem Carol 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factors influencing a woman's acceptance of the expanded alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) test.MethodsA population‐based case‐control study. All women (age < 35) who declined the expanded AFP test were identified as eligible cases. Controls were randomly selected from all women (age < 35) who accepted the test.ResultsWe interviewed 199 cases and 229 controls before 30 weeks of gestation. While 47% of cases reported opposition to abortion as one of their reasons for declining the test (Group A), the remaining 53% of cases had a variety of other reasons for declining (Group B). After controlling for potential confounders, factors significantly associated with declining the test included: skepticism of the usefulness of the test results (odds ratio (OR) = 33.0), influence from family members (OR = 11.4), low educational level (OR = 7.1), willingness to keep a malformed fetus (OR = 6.2), failure to use providers as useful sources of information (OR = 5.0), and misunderstanding of the purpose of the test (OR = 2.0). Polytomous logistic regression revealed that Groups A and B had different determining factors as well as common factors.ConclusionWhile many influential factors for participating in prenatal screening remain unmodifiable, some of them may be addressed to improve women's acceptance of prenatal screening tests. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of reading attitude on reading achievement: A test of the temporal‐interaction model
Authors: Martínez Rebecca S. , Aricak O. Tolga , Jewell Jeremy 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDespite widespread efforts to prevent reading problems and an abundance of research about best practices in remediating reading skills deficits, reading continues to be exceptionally difficult for many students. Researchers have become interested in investigating the degree to which affective factors such as reading attitude relates to reading performance. In the current study, 76 fourth‐grade students were administered Curriculum‐Based Measurement tasks in reading (R‐CBM) and the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey (ERAS; McKenna & Kear, 1990, 1999). In the fall of the following school year (4 months later), participants completed a high‐stakes statewide reading assessment. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and a path analysis were computed to address the research questions. Results indicated that both reading ability (β = .62, p = .01) and reading attitude significantly predicted reading achievement (Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress‐Plus;ISTEP+) 4 months later (β = .22, p = .01), supporting a temporal interactive effect (Kush, Watkins, & Brookhart, 2005) of prior reading attitude and skill on later reading achievement. Additional findings, implications for practice, directions for future research, and limitations of the study are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sweet silver: A formaldehyde‐free silver staining using aldoses as developing agents, with enhanced compatibility with mass spectrometry
Authors: Chevallet Mireille , Luche Sylvie , Diemer Hélène , Strub Jean‐Marc , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Rabilloud Thierry 
Published: November 2008

AbstractProtein detection methods after electrophoresis have to be sensitive, homogeneous, and not to impair downstream analysis of proteins by MS. Speed, low cost, and user friendliness are also favored features. Silver staining combines many of these features, but its compatibility with MS is limited. We describe here, a new variant of silver staining that is completely formaldehyde‐free. Reducing sugars in alkaline borate buffer are used as developers. While keeping the benefits of silver staining, this method is shown to afford a much better performance in terms of compatibility with MS, both in PMF by MALDI and in LC/ESI/MS/MS.
Identification of proteins that modify cataract of mouse eye lens
Authors: Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Tang Yajun , Ackermann Renate , Pleissner Klaus‐Peter , Schmid Monika , Stein Robert , Zimny‐Arndt Ursula , Kumar Nalin M. , Jungblut Peter R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe occurrence of a nuclear cataract in the eye lens due to disruption of the α3C×46 connexin gene, Gja3, is dependent on strain background in a mouse model, implicating factors that modify the pathology. The differences upon cataractogenesis in the urea soluble proteins of the lens of two mouse strains, C57BL/6J and 129/SvJ, were analyzed by a comparative proteomics approach. Determination of the complete proteome of an organ offers the opportunity to characterize at a molecular level, differences in gene expression and PTMs occurring during pathology and between individuals. The abundance of 63 protein species was altered between the strains. A unique aspect of this study is the identification of chaperonin subunit 6A, mortalin, ERp29, and syntaxin‐binding protein 6 in the eye lens. DNA polymorphisms resulting in nonconservative amino acid changes that led to altered physicochemical properties of the proteins were detected for mortalin, chaperonin subunit 6A, annexin A1, and possibly γ‐N crystallin. The results show HSP27/25 and/or ERp29 are the likely major modifying factors for cataractogenesis. Extension of the results suggests that small heat‐shock proteins have a major role for influencing cataract formation in humans.
Serum biomarker discovery in renal cancer using 2‐DE and prefractionation by immunodepletion and isoelectric focusing; increasing coverage or more of the same?
Authors: Vasudev Naveen S. , Ferguson Roisean E. , Cairns David A. , Stanley Anthea J. , Selby Peter J. , Banks Rosamonde E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAs an initial screen for novel markers of renal cancer and to minimise background heterogeneity, we have compared the within‐patient profiles of serum samples from seven patients pre‐ and post‐nephrectomy. Samples were depleted of six of the most abundant proteins using Agilent's multiple affinity removal system (MARS) followed by solution‐phase IEF prior to separation by 2‐DE using narrow range IPG Strips, with a total of 84 gels. The reproducibility of the various steps was demonstrated and an approximate two‐fold increase (from 374 to 779) in the number of protein spots observed in the pH region 4.6–7.0 was obtained. However, the majority of additional proteins seen were further isoforms of existing proteins due to the higher resolution and the majority of protein spots identified were still moderate to highly abundant species. Only one protein spot (as yet unidentified) was found to change significantly in the same direction in at least four patients. Although this powerful prefractionation and analysis strategy allows the visualisation of multiple protein isoforms, it is insufficient to allow detection of lower abundance proteins in serum without the implementation of further strategies.
Ionic and pH effects on the osmotic properties and structure of polyelectrolyte gels
Authors: Horkay Ferenc , Basser Peter J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe investigate the effects of salt concentration and pH on neutralized poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) gels in near physiological salt solutions. Either adding calcium ions or decreasing the pH is found to induce reversible volume transitions but the nature of these transitions seems to be different. For example, the osmotic pressure exhibits a simple power law dependence on the concentration as the transition is approached in both systems, but the power law exponent n is substantially different in the two cases. On decreasing the pH the value of n gradually increases from 2.1 (at pH = 7) to 3.2 (at pH = 1). By contrast, n decreases with increasing calcium ion concentration from 2.1 (in 100 mM NaCl solution) to 1.6 (0.8 mM CaCl2 in 100 mM NaCl solution). In both systems, a strong increase of the small‐angle neutron scattering intensity (SANS) is observed near the volume transition. The SANS results reveal that calcium ions favor the formation of linearly aligned regions in PAA gels. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2803–2810, 2008
Enthalpic relaxation of silica–polyvinyl acetate nanocomposites
Authors: Amanuel Samuel , Gaudette Anna N. , Sternstein S. S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAlthough the effects of filler nanoparticles size and surface treatment on the glass transition temperature of the matrix phase have received well‐deserved attention, nanofiller effects on other physical parameters associated with the glass transition have received less interest. To better understand how the incorporation of nanofillers affects the enthalpic relaxations associated with the glass transition, differential scanning calorimeter measurements were carried out on silica–polyvinyl acetate nanocomposites with respect to filler content, annealing temperature, and annealing period. As expected, longer annealing periods below the glass transition temperature resulted in an increase of the subsequent enthalpic relaxations. However, the presence of filler substantially reduces the enthalpic relaxation relative to that of the neat polymer at longer annealing periods only. The underlying enthalpic relaxations and the effects suppressed by the fillers are specific to the annealing temperature. These results suggest a significant alteration in the physical state of the matrix because of the presence of the filler particles. However, this does not imply the existence of a glassy layer or layers with a glass transition gradient near the filler surface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2733–2740, 2008
Structural relaxation of stacked ultrathin polystyrene films
Authors: Koh Yung P. , Simon Sindee L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTheTgdepression and kinetic behavior of stacked polystyrene ultrathin films is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and compared with the behavior of bulk polystyrene. The fictive temperature (Tf) was measured as a function of cooling rate and as a function of aging time for aging temperatures below the nominal glass transition temperature (Tg). The stacked ultrathin films show enthalpy overshoots in DSC heating scans which are reduced in height but occur over a broader temperature range relative to the bulk response for a given change in fictive temperature. The cooling rate dependence of the limiting fictive temperature,Tf′, is also found to be higher for the stacked ultrathin film samples; the result is that the magnitude of theTgdepression between the ultrathin film sample and the bulk is inversely related to the cooling rate. We also find that the rate of physical aging of the stacked ultrathin films is comparable with the bulk when aging is performed at the same distance fromTg; however, when conducted at the same aging temperature, the ultrathin film samples show accelerated physical aging, that is, a shorter time is required to reach equilibrium for the thin films due to their depressedTgvalues. The smaller distance fromTgalso results in a reduced logarithmic aging rate for the thin films compared with the bulk, although this is not indicative of longer relaxation times. The DSC heating curves obtained as a function of cooling rate and aging history are modeled using the Tool‐Narayanaswamy‐Moynihan model of structural recovery; the stacked ultrathin film samples show lower β values than the bulk, consistent with a broader distribution of relaxation times. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2741–2753, 2008
Viscoelastic properties and residual stresses in polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐reinforced epoxy matrices
Authors: Li Qingxiu , Hutcheson Stephen A. , McKenna Gregory B. , Simon Sindee L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFiber‐filled thermosetting polymer composites are extensively used in aerospace industries. One disadvantage of these materials is cure induced or thermally induced residual stresses in the matrix, which may result in deteriorated performance and premature failure. This article explores the use of epoxy/multifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites as resins with reduced thermal stress coefficients that result in mitigated residual stresses. The effect of POSS loading on the thermal stress coefficient of the epoxy/POSS nanocomposite resins was investigated from below the β‐relaxation to the α‐relaxation, or glass transition temperature, (i.e., from −100 to 180 °C) by measuring the shear modulus and linear thermal expansion coefficient. The thermal stress coefficient of the epoxy/POSS nanocomposites is found to be a strong function of temperature, decreasing rapidly with decreasing temperature through the α‐relaxation region, increasing in the vicinity of the β‐relaxation, and then decreasing below the temperature associated with the peak in the β‐relaxation. With increasing POSS content, the thermal stress coefficient is reduced compared with the neat resin in the vicinity of the α‐relaxation; however, the thermal stress coefficient increases with increasing POSS content below the temperature of the β‐relaxation peak. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2719–2732, 2008
Attempt to normalize simulated exhaled nitric oxide according to ventilatory settings
Authors: Figueras‐Aloy J. , Berrueco R. , Salvia‐Roiges M.D. , Rodríguez‐Miguélez J.M. , Miracle‐Echegoyen X. , Botet‐Mussons F. , Mur‐Sierra A. , Vall O. , Carbonell‐Estrany X. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundSimulated exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) depends on ventilatory settings used in different experimental conditions.ObjectivesTo normalize the simulated minute exhaled nitric oxide according to different ventilatory settings.Working HypothesisDifferent ventilatory settings influence the concentrations of exhaled nitric oxide and these results can be normalized.Methodology and Study DesignWe used a rubber lung model (50 ml) with an orifice through which a 3 mm endotracheal tube was introduced. The NO, which simulated that of endogenous production, was delivered through the base of the lung using a unidirectional rotameter and obtaining a concentration of around 25 ppb. The sample of gas was recorded through a 6 F arterial catheter introduced into the endotracheal tube to its tip. The ventilator used was a Babylog 8000. Air delivered was compressed and filtered and had an NO content of under 0.3 ppb. The NO level assessed was the plateau value given by the software of the Sievers NOA apparatus. Each experiment involved sampling during 1 min, three times. Normalization was done using a multiple cubic regression formula.ResultsAn increase in respiratory frequency or in peak of inspiratory pressure were accompanied by a decrease in eNO (ppb). Minute volume was adjusted for the percentage of leakage given by the ventilator. Normalization was obtained analyzing 518 respirations with different ventilatory settings. The coefficient of variation fell from 15.5% to 0.27%. Validation of the normalization formula was performed in other three groups (320, 372, and 372 respirations) with different simulated NO concentrations (25, 16, and 50 ppb), resulting in reduction of the coefficient of variation from 42.7% to 9.3%, from 42.3% to 10.6% and from 45.2% to 9.6%, respectively.ConclusionsNormalization of simulated minute eNO according to ventilatory settings is possible using the equipment and experimental set‐up reported. Extrapolation to patients is not possible without constraints. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1167–1174. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and subsequent purification of carbon nanotubes by arc discharge in NaCl solution
Authors: Jahanshahi Mohsen , Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Hajizadeh Solmaz , Seresht Razieh Jabari 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fascinating structures with a wide range of applications and several methods have been developed for their fabrication. The arc‐discharge in liquid method is a new technique for synthesis of nanocarbon structures and is recognized as a low‐cost method. In this work, this method was used for fabrication of carbon nanotubes, and subsequently a modified acid treatment method was applied as a purification stage. In order to optimize the process, a statistical design of experimental (Taguchi method with L9 orthogonal array robust design) was implemented in this study. As the result of Taguchi analysis in this study, voltage, ratio of catalyst and solution were the most influencing parameters on the yield product of carbon nanotubes (7.9 mg/min purified CNTs). The maximum product yield of CNTs was obtained at a voltage of 25 V, NaCl 0.2N as a salt in solution, Ni/Fe as a catalyst and a 1:1 catalyst ratio. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as Raman spectra were utilized to study the morphology and purity of these carbon nanotubes. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two‐dimensional Fourier spectroscopy of semiconductors: a perspective from non‐equilibrium many‐body theory
Authors: Virk Kuljit S. , Sipe J. E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA framework based on the non‐equilibrium Green functions is developed for the study of two‐dimensional Fourier spectroscopy of semiconductors. Perturbative treatment of the electromagnetic field is used to derive a closed set of differential equations for the multi‐particle correlation functions.A diagrammatic method is also developed to describe the driving of the many‐body system by three optical pulses. Themethod retains all features of the double‐sided Feynman diagrams for bookkeeping of optical excitations, and complements it by allowing for the description of interactions as well. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Paraexciton polariton propagation beats in cuprous oxide
Authors: Brandt Jan , Fröhlich Dietmar , Sandfort Christian , Bayer Manfred , Stolz Heinrich 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn time‐resolved transmission spectroscopy of the 1Sparaexciton in cuprous oxide a temporal broadening and oscillations of the transmitted pulse for several tens of nanoseconds are observed. These observations are interpreted as polariton propagation beats and indicate a long paraexciton dephasing time in the nanosecond range.We discuss the dependence of the beat period on the external magnetic field and propose a model to calculate polariton beats for an inhomogeneously broadened resonance. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of electron and optical confinement on performance of UV laser diodes
Authors: Bulashevich K. A. , Ramm M. S. , Karpov S. Yu. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractUsing simulations accounting for birefringence of III‐nitride materials, we studied the laser diodes emitting light at 360‐380 nm, which was controlled by adjusting the InGaN composition in the multiple‐quantum well active region. Both electron and optical confinement in the LD heterostructures are found to depend strongly on the quantum well composition and affect remarkably the threshold current of the diodes. In particular, the electron leakage from the active region becomes considerable at low InN contents in the quantum wells. The waveguide mode penetration beyond the nominal waveguide layers results in remarkable variation of the optical confinement factor with the emission wavelength and switching between different lateral modes. The above effects provide explanation of the observed three‐fold increase in the threshold current density of the LDs upon small changes of the quantum well composition. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Treating adolescent ovarian cysts with Chinese herbs: a case report
Authors: Qu Fan , Zhou Jue , Huang Hefeng 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn the report an adolescent female patient who suffered from continuous lower abdominal distending pain with an ovarian cyst was successfully cured with Chinese herbs. Chinese herbs were orally administered for 18 days, after which all of the symptoms and the ovarian cyst disappeared. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local characterizations of quaternary AlInGaN/GaN heterostructures using TEM and HAADF‐STEM
Authors: Okuno Hanako , Takeguchi Masaki , Mitsuishi Kazutaka , Irokawa Yoshihiro , Sakuma Yoshiki , Furuya Kazuo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLocal characterizations of a quaternary group III nitride material AlInGaN were carried out using electron microscopy. The chemical composition and the lattice parameter of the sample were estimated by a combination of energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, respectively. These results correspond well with the nominal composition of bulk sample measured by SIMS with only a few percent of error, indicating the validity of these techniques for the local characterization on this kind of hetero‐structural materials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.