bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untargeted LC‐Q‐TOF mass spectrometry method for the detection of adulterations in skimmed‐milk powder
Authors: Cordewener Jan H. G. , Luykx Dion M. A. M. , Frankhuizen Rob , Bremer Maria G. E. G. , Hooijerink Hendricus , America Antoine H. P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA nontargeted protein identification method was developed to screen for adulterations in skimmed‐milk powder (SMP). There are indications of falsified SMP content due to the addition of plant proteins. To demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the developed comparative LC‐MS method using a quadrupole TOF MS instrument, adulterated SMP samples were prepared by the addition of protein isolates of soy and pea to skimmed‐milk before pasteurisation and evaporation. The comparative LC‐MS approach enabled unequivocal discrimination of those SMP samples containing soy and pea protein from nonadulterated SMP. To identify the source of (plant) proteins present in the adulterated SMP, data‐dependent LC‐MS/MS was used in combination with an include list of differential peptides. Numerous peptides originating from the major seed proteins of soy (glycinin, β‐conglycin) and pea (legumin, vicilin) could be identified in this way.
Efficacy of neck dissection: Are surgical volumes important?
Authors: Morton Randall P. , Gray Lincoln , Tandon Dev A. , Izzard Mark , McIvor Nicholas P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hyphothesis:Surgical volumes have been shown in many fields to reflect expertise and to be associated with improved clinical outcomes. We sought to test similar hypotheses that neck dissection is a volume‐sensitive procedure wherein the number of lymph nodes harvested and clinical outcomes are correlated with the number of neck dissections performed.Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 375 neck dissections. The number of nodes harvested was examined by multiple linear regression before and after mathematical correction for pathologists' variation over time. The prior experiences of the surgeons were also averaged, depending on whether there was regional recurrence after at least 9 months of follow‐up.Results:More nodes were found by the pathologists over time, with 2.1 more nodes being found on average for each successive year (P < .001). After correcting for this effect of time, there remained a significant relationship between surgeons' experience and number of nodes harvested (P < .003). Additionally, cases that recurred were operated by less‐experienced surgeons (P = .02).Conclusions:We have demonstrated that there is a “learning curve” for neck dissection. Our most experienced surgeon harvested on average 11 more nodes than similar specimens submitted by the group of inexperienced surgeons. The effect of experience remains significant even without adjusting for time (P < .001). Surgical experience also affects clinical outcome months after the dissection. This retrospective review supports surgical volume as an indicator of expertise in neck dissection that could be used to assess trainees' progress and for quality assurance in large head and neck units. Laryngoscope, 2009
Cochlear implant surgery in patients more than seventy‐nine years old
Authors: Eshraghi Adrien A. , Rodriguez Michael , Balkany Thomas J. , Telischi Fred F. , Angeli Simon , Hodges Annelle V. , Adil Eelam 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the surgical complications, auditory performance, and hearing handicap following cochlear implantation in patients greater than 79 years of age.Study Design:Retrospective trial, tertiary referral center.Methods:The study group was comprised of 21 patients implanted after 79 years of age from 1996 through 2006 with follow‐ups past their 8th decade. Pre‐op evaluation consisted of pure‐tone audiometry and speech discrimination scores (Hearing in Noise Test and City University of New York sentence test). The results of these tests were compared to similar tests taken post‐op. A validated hearing handicap questionnaire was used to evaluate the outcome.Results:There were no permanent medical or surgical complications. However, two patients developed exacerbations of previous comorbid conditions (i.e., urinary retention and acute delirium). Implanted patients experienced a significant improvement in audiologic performance, post‐op pure tone average, and post‐op speech scores (P < .001). A majority of them were able to use the phone and reported that the cochlear implant was of great benefit to them. The post‐op hearing handicap inventory for the elderly demonstrated a significant decrease of hearing handicap scores.Conclusions:This is the first study to focus on a patient group this advanced in age. With increasing life expectancy, we should begin to stratify risk versus benefit of cochlear implantation in this age group. Cochlear implantation improved audiologic performance and the quality of life in patients older than 79 years old. There were no permanent medical or surgical complications. Chronic pain and temporary vertigo were the most common complications reported in this elderly group. Laryngoscope, 2009
An extension of Lewis's Lemma, renormalization of harmonic and analytic functions, and normal families
Authors: Grahl Jürgen , Roth Oliver 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn extension of a lemma due to J. Lewis is established and is used to give rapid proofs of some classical theorems in complex function theory such as Montel's theorem and Miranda's theorem. Another application of Lewis's Lemma yields a general normality criterion for families of harmonic and holomorphic functions. This criterion permits a quick proof of Bloch's classical covering theorem for holomorphic functions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proteomics of regulated secretory organelles
Authors: Brunner Yannick , Schvartz Domitille , Couté Yohann , Sanchez Jean‐Charles 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRegulated secretory organelles are important subcellular structures of living cells that allow the release in the extracellular space of crucial compounds, such as hormones and neurotransmitters. Therefore, the regulation of biogenesis, trafficking, and exocytosis of regulated secretory organelles has been intensively studied during the last 30 years. However, due to the large number of different regulated secretory organelles, only a few of them have been specifically characterized. New insights into regulated secretory organelles open crucial perspectives for a better comprehension of the mechanisms that govern cell secretion. The combination of subcellular fractionation, protein separation, and mass spectrometry is also possible to study regulated secretory organelles at the proteome level. In this review, we present different strategies used to isolate regulated secretory organelles, separate their protein content, and identify the proteins by mass spectrometry. The biological significance of regulated secretory organelles‐proteomic analysis is discussed as well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:844–867, 2009
Synthesis and Characterization of a Modified Chitosan
Authors: Ali Sk. Akbar , Singh Ram Prakash 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChitosan has been modified by incorporating a cationic moiety N‐ (3‐chloro 2‐hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) onto its primary amine group in aqueous alkali medium. A series of modified chitosan copolymers (Chito‐cat‐1 to Chito‐cat‐5) was synthesized by varying the CHPTAC to chitosan ratio. The modified chitosan copolymers have been characterized by viscometry, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermal analysis and X‐ray diffractometry. From the above investigations, it has been confirmed that the cationic moiety was successfully incorporated onto chitosan.
Preparation of Chitosan Based Scaffolds Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Rinki Kumari , Dutta Pradip K. , Hunt Andy J. , Clark James H. , Macquarrie Duncan J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA novel chitosan‐formaldehyde porous derivative (scaffolds) was prepared by reaction of 85% deacetylated chitosan with 37% aq. formaldehyde using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc. CO2). Prior to reaction, the chitosan hydrogel was prepared in 1% aq. acetic acid (AcOH) and formaldehyde. The prepared hydrogel was subjected to solvent exchange. The identity of the Schiff base was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The chitosan‐derivative was evaluated by thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and porosimetry analysis. Overall, the sc. CO2 assisted chitosan derivative opens new perspectives as biomedical material.
The Coagulation Impact of 50% Epoxidised Natural Rubber Chain in Ethylene Carbonate‐Plasticized Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Latif Famiza , Aziz Madzlan , Ali Ab Malik Marwan , Yahya Muhd Zu Azhan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this research, thin, soft and flexible free standing films can be obtained from poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/50% epoxidised natural rubber (ENR 50)/lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) blends. However, phase separation is observed on the surface of the films which indicates that the blending is not homogeneous. The blend became more homogeneous when ethylene carbonate (EC) plasticizer is introduced into the blend system. However, the anti‐plasticization effect of EC on ENR 50 occurs at lower concentration of EC at which the rubber became coagulated due to immiscibility of the rubber with EC plasticizer during solution casting. These ENR 50 coagulates can be observed as large solid structures in the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) micrographs of the EC‐plasticized rubber‐based electrolytes. The presence of these coagulates, hinder the migration of lithium ions in the system and also trap the lithium ions within the coil. This in turn reduced the number of free lithium ions that contribute to the ionic conduction. As a result, the conductivity of the un‐plasticized PMMA/ENR 50/LiCF3SO3 film dropped drastically by two orders of magnitude.
Microporous Network Polymers Based on Cobaltphthalocyanines
Authors: Samuel Jacob , Makhseed Saad 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of microprous Co‐phthalocyanine based plolymers were prepared in good yield (>90%) by the polymeric tetramerisation reaction of nonplanar bisphthalonitrile monomers with cobalt acetate. The resulting free‐flowing polymers are dark green in apperance with good stability towards a range of solvents and temperature. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy image clearly shows the presence of micropores (<2 nm). Nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements show that these materials have high surface areas in the range of 500–600 m2g−1 along with high concentration of pores in the range of 0.6–0.7 nm.
Ethylene‐Octene Copolymer‐Nanosilica Nanocomposites: Effects of Epoxy Resin Functionalized Nanosilica on Morphology, Mechanical, Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Authors: Reddy Chaganti Srinivasa , Patra Prabir Kumar , Das Chapal Kumar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA comparative study of the structural, thermal, mechanical and thermomechanical properties of ethylene‐octene copolymer1Ethylene‐octene copolymer is produced using Dow's INSITETM™ constrained geometry catalyst and process technology. ENGAGE the trade name of this copolymer.
(mPE)2This copolymer will be represented as mPE.
nanocomposites synthesized with pure nanosilica (NS) and nanosilica‐functionalized with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (ENS) has been reported. These nanocomposites were prepared using “melt mixing” method at a constant loading level of 2.5 wt. %. The effects of pure nanosilica (NS) and epoxy resin‐functionalized‐nanosilica (ENS) on the above mentioned properties of ethylene‐octene copolymer were analyzed by wide‐angle‐x‐ray diffractometer (WAXD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). TEM studies have shown a better dispersion of nanoparticles in case of ethylene‐octene copolymer‐epoxy resin‐functionalized‐nanosilica nanocomposite (mPE‐ENS) than that of ethylene‐octene copolymer‐nanosilica nanocomposite (mPE‐NS). The tensile tests show that organic modification of nanosilica particles brings up an appreciable increase in yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break of the polymer. DMA studies have shown an increase in the storage modulus and glass transition temperature for mPE‐ENS with respect to mPE‐NS. Further, the TGA results have shown a higher thermal stability for mPE‐ENS in comparison to mPE‐NS.
Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Incorporated Polyester Polyol from Linseed Oil: A Sustainable Material
Authors: Akram Deewan , Sharmin Eram , Ahmad Sharif 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPolyols obtained from seed oils have established themselves as excellent building blocks of polymers, viz. polyurethanes. In this work, a novel attempt has been made to incorporate boron in the backbone of polyol [LPO] derived from linseed oil. Furthermore, LPO was treated with phthalic anhydride [PA] and boric acid [BA] (in different molar ratios) to obtain boron incorporated linseed polyester polyols [BPPEs] through solvent less synthesis process. BPPEs were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR) to confirm the incorporation of boron and also to elucidate their structures. Physico‐chemical characterization and antibacterial behavior of BPPEs was also investigated. It is speculated that these resins may serve as excellent raw materials for adhesives, coatings and as antibacterial agents.
Current treatments of chronic immune‐mediated demyelinating polyneuropathies
Authors: Brannagan Thomas H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), and anti–myelin‐associated glycoprotein (anti‐MAG) neuropathy are three demyelinating acquired neuropathies, with distinct responses to immunotherapy. In placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized trials, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been effective for CIDP and MMN, and plasmapheresis has been effective for CIDP. Corticosteroids have been beneficial in controlled trials for CIDP. Other agents, including cyclophosphamide, rituximab, azathioprine, cyclosporine, interferons, fludarabine, mycophenolate mofetil, and etanercept, have been reported to benefit some patients with inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies in case series and case reports. This review examines the use and toxicity associated with these immunotherapy medications in treating patients with chronic immune‐mediated demyelinating neuropathies. Muscle Nerve, 2009
A new Cosserat‐like constitutive model for bedded salt rocks
Authors: Li Yin‐Ping , Yang Chun‐He , Daemen Jaak J. K. , Yin Xue‐Ying , Chen Feng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSalt rocks are commonly used as geologic host rocks for storage of gas and crude oil, and are being considered for the disposal of radioactive waste. Different from the salt rock domes in many countries, the salt rock formations in China are usually laminar with many alternating layers, i.e. rock salt, anhydrite, and/or mudstone. Considering the unique stratigraphic characteristics of these salt rocks, a new Cosserat‐like medium constitutive model is proposed in order to facilitate efficient modeling of the mechanical behavior of these formations. In this model, a new representative volume element, containing two different layers, is employed to simulate the compatibility of the meso‐displacement between two different layers and also the bending effect. A new method for the deformation and failure analysis of bedded salt rocks is derived therefrom. Having the macro‐average stresses, the conventional stresses in the different layers can be obtained in sequence. The conventional stresses can then be utilized in a routine way for the strength and failure analysis. For the initial numerical modeling, the new Cosserat‐like medium is reduced to a transversely isotropic one. The simplified constitutive model for layered media is then implemented into FLAC3D codes. A test sample validates that the results by using the numerical model are in good agreement with that by using the built‐in model, and the mesh size for the new model is reduced greatly. Finally, an application for the stability of oil storage caverns in deep thinly bedded salt rocks is carried out. The effects on convergence of storage caverns and on the failure of surrounding rock due to the presence of the mudstone interlayers (hard phase) are discussed in detail. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Block s‐step Krylov iterative methods
Authors: Chronopoulos Anthony T. , Kucherov Andrey B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBlock (including s‐step) iterative methods for (non)symmetric linear systems have been studied and implemented in the past. In this article we present a (combined) block s‐step Krylov iterative method for nonsymmetric linear systems. We then consider the problem of applying any block iterative method to solve a linear system with one right‐hand side using many linearly independent initial residual vectors. We present a new algorithm which combines the many solutions obtained (by any block iterative method) into a single solution to the linear system. This approach of using block methods in order to increase the parallelism of Krylov methods is very useful in parallel systems. We implemented the new method on a parallel computer and we ran tests to validate the accuracy and the performance of the proposed methods. It is expected that the block s‐step methods performance will scale well on other parallel systems because of their efficient use of memory hierarchies and their reduction of the number of global communication operations over the standard methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape inverse problem for the two‐dimensional unsteady Stokes flow
Authors: Yan Wenjing , He Yaling , Ma Yichen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, the shape inverse problem for the two‐dimensional unsteady Stokes flow has been presented. We employ Piola transformation to bypass the divergence free condition for the flow and prove the differentiability of the solution to the initial boundary value problem. For the approximate solution of the ill‐posed and nonlinear problem, we propose a regularized Gauss‐Newton method. The numerical examples show that our theory is useful for practical purpose and the proposed algorithm is feasible. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Paget's disease in pre‐contact Florida? Revisiting the Briarwoods site in Gulf coast Florida
Authors: Pinto D. C. , Stout S. D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis report presents results of a reanalysis addressing the presence of Paget's disease (Osteitis deformans) in the pre‐contact Safety Harbour Briarwoods site (8PA66), a burial mound in Pasco County along Gulf coast Florida, dating around 1000–1500 AD. Due to the paucity of published histological and radiological analyses as well as the suspect nature of this Paget's disease report, a new study was conducted. The diagnosis was suspect for three reasons. First, the original diagnosis was based on five skeletal fragments from five different burials making the results questionable. Secondly, Paget's disease is very similar to treponemal disease and can possibly be misdiagnosed. The characteristic histological mosaic pattern found in Paget's disease provides the most definitive differential diagnosis. Thirdly, Paget's disease is found primarily in European populations and this is a pre‐contact site. Histological sections from the suspected Pagetic bones were analysed for the presence of the mosaic pattern. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were unable to support or deny the presence of Paget's disease due to the fragmentary nature of the skeletal elements as well as extensive diagenesis resulting from exposure to the environment. The presence of Paget's disease could not be confirmed or refuted at Briarwoods due to extensive taphonomic damage. However, it is suggested that the presence of treponemal disease should be investigated because although not originally reported, the presence of saber‐shin tibiae consistent with this disease are present at this site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards an isotopic ecology of herbivory in the Puna ecosystem: new results and patterns on Lama glama
Authors: Yacobaccio H. D. , Morales M. R. , Samec C. T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe present stable isotopic data obtained in order to elucidate the diet of current domestic camelids and their feeding areas, as a necessary step for the interpretation of archaelogical assemblages, and to answer questions regarding past diet, herd structure, foraging zones and interaction with human populations. Seventeen new δ
13C collagen isotope values from Lama glama bones were measured in order to start a systematic study of the isotopic ecology of herbivory in the Puna ecosystem of Jujuy province, Argentina. These values were compared with those previously available, and a reliable correlation between altitude and variation in isotopic values was found: of the order of −2‰ depletion for each 500 m increase in altitude. These results were interpreted as related to variation in vegetal assemblage due to altitude. We consider that the outcomes of this research exceed the scope of our study area, being important to the Argentine Puna as a whole, and will also contribute to the development of current animal population ecological models applied to the interpretation of archaeological remains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of fetal gender on first trimester nuchal translucency and maternal serum free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A MoM in normal and trisomy 21 pregnancies
Authors: Cowans Nicholas J. , Stamatopoulou Anastasia , Maiz Nerea , Spencer Kevin , Nicolaides Kypros H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate if fetal sex has an impact on 1st trimester combined screening for aenuploidy.MethodsWe studied the first trimester PAPP‐A, free β‐human chorionic gonadatropin (β‐hCG) and nuchal translucency levels in 56 024 normal, singleton pregnancies with known fetal sex at birth. We also examined the distributions in 722 pregnancies with trisomy 21 of known fetal sex.ResultsWe have found a 14.74% increase in first trimester maternal serum (MS) median free β‐hCG MoM, 6.25% increase of PAPP‐A and a 9.41% decrease in delta NT, when the fetus was female. Analysis of data has shown that women carrying a female fetus were 1.084 times more likely to be in the ‘at risk’ group than those carrying a male fetus. In examining data from 722 pregnancies in which the fetus was affected by trisomy 21, we observed a similar 20.8% increase in free β‐hCG MoM, 5.7% increase in PAPP‐A and a 12% decrease in delta NT when the fetus was female. Amongst the trisomy 21 cases, 88.8% of male trisomy 21 cases were detected compared with 91.2% in female cases, this difference was not statistically significant. Correcting for fetal sex redressed the balance in screen‐positive rate between the sexes and had a minimal impact on detection rate.ConclusionCorrecting for fetal sex may be a worthwhile consideration. A cost‐benefit analysis would be required to determine if it is feasible to introduce fetal gender assignment into the routine first trimester scan for the purpose of marker correction and whether this would have any significant impact. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the fetal brain
Authors: Pugash Denise , Krssak Martin , Kulemann Vanessa , Prayer Daniela 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFetal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is technically feasible in utero and demonstrates similar findings to those observed in neonatal populations. MRS can provide additional information to conventional T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging of the fetal brain. It is of particular use when subtle changes are present on conventional fetal MRI sequences, and when imaging fetuses at risk of brain injury and metabolic abnormalities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.