bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market transformations in the development of land relations (experience of Canada and Scotland)
Authors: Ignatenko I. V. 
Published: April 2024

The development of land relations today remains one of the most important tasks of Ukraine. The priority directions for the development of such relations are the creation of conditions for the inclusion of land to the economic circulation and the regulation of land relations in combination with the increase of budget revenues of all levels from the use of land.
In modern conditions, the land policy of developed countries creates mechanisms for regulating the land market with a multifaceted socio-economic content. This complex process is accompanied by the reform of land relations. Effective management of land resources ensures the development of the land market. Discussions regarding the creation of a full-fledged land market in Ukraine are still ongoing. Analysis of foreign experience will allow to transform land relations in Ukraine.
Natural resources are diverse, but land is becoming an increasingly valuable resource for most countries. They are trying to achieve high rates of economic growth, which, in turn, are related to the development of land resources. It often turns out that such «development» is connected with the seizure of a million hectares of agricultural land by rich corporations or even foreign states. Deprivation of rights to land claims the status of the most famous and, at the same time, little-researched form of deprivation of rights not only in modern literature devoted to «land grabbing», but also in classical theory in general. The article discusses the factors contributing to «land grabbing». Global factors causing similar processes in Canada and Scotland, current consequences, future risks are identified. It was established that the factors of «grabbing of land» for agricultural purposes are of different nature. This is a significant price differentiation on the land market, and the increase in the investment attractiveness of agricultural land, the consequences of privatization and land consolidation. The leading role of the state in the investment process and the existence of a strategy for spreading the influence of the countries in question, which is implemented in parallel with the purchase of land, are shown.
Determinants of criminal offenses related to corruption
Authors: Nykyforenko N. A. 
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to analysis of socio-economic, socio-political, organizational-management, legal and cultural-psychological determinants that determine the occurrence and spread of criminal offenses related to corruption.
The system of such determinants has been defined, which outlines as fully as possible various aspects that can contribute to the emergence and spread of criminal offenses related to corruption in society. It includes socio-economic factors (insufficient level of economic and social security of the subject of the declaration), socio-political factors (international armed conflict and lack of political will to combat corruption), organizational and management factors (failure of prevention subjects to take necessary and sufficient measures to provision of explanations of anti-corruption legislation, notification of the subject of the declaration about the need to submit a declaration and the deadline for such submission, difficulties in proving declaration of inaccurate information), legal (excessive complexity of the norms of anti-corruption legislation in the part of declaration, which causes difficulties in their interpretation and application, imperfection of the grounds of responsibility for failure to submit a declaration or declaration of inaccurate information, limitations of the legislator regarding the terms and number of opportunities to submit a corrected declaration), cultural and psychological (low level of moral and ethical standards in the activities of state authorities and local self-government bodies, tolerance of corruption in society, mental dependence of individual subjects declaration from corrupt practices).
It is argued that the proposed system of determinants outlines as fully as possible the various aspects that can contribute to the emergence and spread of criminal offenses related to corruption in society. At the same time, the specified system necessitates the application of a comprehensive approach to the elimination of the specified determinants, which cover almost all spheres of society’s vital activities.
Self-taxation as a form of participation of citizens in expenditures of the territorial community: the experience of the Republic of Poland
Authors: Babin I. I. 
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Polish experience of legal regulation of self-taxation as a form of citizen’s participation in local community expenditures. It is shown that the Institute of self- taxation in the Republic of Poland has a long history. Borrowed in the 1950s in the USSR, it continues to be successfully used today as a tool to further mobilize financial resources to address local issues. The peculiarities and mechanism of establishing self-taxation are disclosed. It is shown that today the mechanism of establishing self-taxation is significantly complicated and the only acceptable form of its introduction is a local referendum. The author emphasizes the existence in Polish law and the financial and legal doctrine of a clear position on the distinction between self-taxation and taxes. Self-taxation is intrinsic to the target character, its own form of legalization, its own entity and its voluntary nature.
It is substantiated that self-taxation is an independent form of non-taxable compulsory payment and is used to resolve issues of local importance, its size and order of introduction and use are determined independently by the population in a local referendum. At the same time, local referendums for Poland remain a rare occurrence. This is due to both the cost and the complexity of the procedure. In addition, the widespread use of self-tax referendums was blocked by court decisions and the opinion of financial law experts, who stated that the self-tax institute in its current form had no legal basis.
The analysis shows that the Polish communities most often use self-taxation of the population for the purposes related to the construction of infrastructure networks (water and sewerage networks) or municipal waste management (sorting, disposal and storage). Introducing self-taxation is essential for the development of territorial communities. Self-taxation allows territorial communities to receive additional funds, increase civic activity of residents, and increase the level of responsibility of local self-government bodies.
A person’s right to be forgotten
Authors: Byelov D. M. , Bielova M. V. , Gornylo O. T. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines in detail the concept of “a person’s right to be forgotten” as an important aspect of a natural person’s right to information about himself, which allows a person to demand the removal or destruction of his personal information. The question is also devoted to the main aspects of the history and development of the “right to be forgotten” concept.
The author states that a significant contribution to the regulation of the right to be forgotten within the framework of the legislation on personal data protection was made by the European Union. After all, EU Regulation 2016/679 defines the conditions for obtaining this right, the conditions for fulfilling requests to delete information about yourself, and the circumstances under which this right may be limited. However, this Regulation does not take into account the entire amount of personal information, which complicates the process of realizing the human right to be forgotten.
It has been determined that different countries develop their own approaches to the right to be forgotten. It was found that the current legislation of Ukraine provides for two stages of “forgetting”: a court decision and filing a complaint for violation of the terms of consent to the processing and storage of personal data.
At the same time, the decision of the European Court, which became key in the world judicial practice regarding the human right to be forgotten, was considered. In addition, the balance between the right to be forgotten and freedom of information is described. The public interest and ethical aspects in the context of the right to be forgotten are studied. The need for transparency and a balanced approach to the researched law is substantiated.
The technical aspects of the human right to be forgotten and the challenges they generate are also described. The complexity of technical data deletion and the challenges of data caching and indexing have been studied. The general aspects of ensuring the security and protection of data during deletion are identified, as well as the impact of artificial intelligence and automation on the human right to be forgotten.
Eigenvalue-Based Incremental Spectral Clustering
Authors: Kłopotek Mieczysław A. , Starosta Bartłomiej , Wierzchoń Sławomir T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Our previous experiments demonstrated that subsets of collections of (short) documents (with several hundred entries) share a common, normalized in some way, eigenvalue spectrum of combinatorial Laplacian. Based on this insight, we propose a method of incremental spectral clustering. The method consists of the following steps: (1) split the data into manageable subsets, (2) cluster each of the subsets, (3) merge clusters from different subsets based on the eigenvalue spectrum similarity to form clusters of the entire set. This method can be especially useful for clustering methods of complexity strongly increasing with the size of the data sample, like in case of typical spectral clustering. Experiments were performed showing that in fact the clustering and merging of subsets yield clusters close to clustering of the entire dataset. Our approach differs from other research streams in that we rely on the entire set (spectrum) of eigenvalues, whereas the other researchers concentrate on few eigenvectors related to lowest eigenvalues. Such eigenvectors are considered in the literature as of low reliability.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Profitability Indicators in the Hospitality Sector
Authors: Vojtekova Simona , Kliestik Tomas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many business entities in Slovakia felt the pressure of government restrictions during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially entities from SK NACE I: accommodation and food services activities. The main objective of this article is to analyse the return on equity, assets and sales in selected sectors in Slovakia and find out if the Covid-19 pandemic has an effect on these profitability ratios. Firstly, we use ex-post financial analyses and then Friedman’s nonparametric test to find those groups of years between which there are differences. The study period 2016-2021 includes comparisons before the Covid-19 period, as well as dealing with the pandemic era. Our investigation concerns 321 business entities from SK NACE I, especially from Division 56: Food and beverage service activities. The findings showed the impact of the pandemic on profitability indicators such as total assets, equity, and sales. Therefore, it was feasible to establish that these are the indicators most affected by the pandemic, such as the economic outcome after taxes, assets, equity, and sales. Additionally, significant differences in indicators were confirmed in the pairs of years 2019–2020 and 2019–2021. Significant changes were confirmed between the years provided, which may most likely be attributed to the outbreak of the pandemic of the viral disease Covid-19. This study and its results may have added value for the management of business entities and the government of the Slovak Republic by stimulating the negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on firms in these sectors.
Employer Branding – Employer Attractiveness as a New Mindset in the Healthcare Sector
Authors: Heide Michael P. , Schröder Stefan , Wittemann Nathalie , Don Philomena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The shortage of skilled labour, demographic change and ever-increasing cost pressures are presenting healthcare organisations with key challenges in the areas of strategy, leadership and portfolio management. In the Federal Republic of Germany, there is an acute shortage of skilled workers in 352 of 801 occupational groups (44% of all occupational groups). Effective employer branding is the only way to sustainably increase employer attractiveness and generate competitive advantages on the labour market. Employer branding is the identity-based development and positioning of a company as an attractive employer. The aim of the article is to identify relevant characteristics of employer attractiveness, which can be located in particular in the perception of IT specialists. The identification of these characteristics should help organizations to optimize their personnel policy in the long term. The authors chose the mixed-methods research approach. The hypothesis system is conceptualized and operationalized within the framework of structural equation modelling (SEM). The practical relevance of the findings from the quantitative research is examined in expert interviews. The data analysis is based on qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz. Due to the research background, data collection is limited to the EU member state Germany. The shift in the balance of power in the labour market towards employees is not a development that can be limited to Europe. In a globalized world, companies have access to a wider talent pool, but are also exposed to increased competition for the best talent. A strong employer brand enables companies to stand out and attract top talent. The empirical results show that a positively perceived employer attractiveness can achieve the employer branding goals of recruiting employees and retaining them in the long term. The clever combination of tangible and intangible benefits, embedded in a modern corporate and error culture (mindset), is decisive in determining whether qualitative growth of the organization is possible.
Municipal Wastewater Quality Control: Heavy Metal Comparative Analysis—Case Study
Authors: Halecki Wiktor , Sionkowski Tomasz , Chmielowski Krzysztof , Kowalczyk Agnieszka , Kalarus Konrad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A comparative analysis was conducted on raw and treated wastewater and the concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The research aimed to demonstrate improved efficiency in reducing heavy metal levels as a part of municipal and industrial waste management, with a specific emphasis on minimising the overall environmental impact. In this study, we presented the results of a repeated measures analysis of variance and assessed compliance with heavy metal content standards in sewage sludge from municipal treatment using a one-sample t-test against a reference norm. The analysis included measurements conducted between 2004 and 2015. We conducted an analysis of heavy metals, including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and mercury (Hg). High Zn concentration that we observed in pre-treatment wastewater raised important questions. Leakages in sewage networks can result in contaminants infiltrating the wastewater, thereby increasing pollutant concentrations. Elevated concentrations can stem from industrial activities, where Zn and pollutants are discharged into wastewater as byproducts of industrial operations. The study illustrated the attainment of the highest sanitary standards, ensuring that treatment processes effectively eliminate harmful toxic substances, ultimately guaranteeing that the final product is safe for further reclamation processes.
Development of the modified clothoidal (MCL) shape of composite dowels against the background of fatigue and technological issues
Authors: Lorenc Wojciech , Kożuch Maciej 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Composite dowels opened new possibilities for engineers designing composite structures. The fundamental and most important characteristic of composite dowels is the shape of the cutting pattern (called line). It is important to understand why only one particular shape of the cutting line, the modified clothoidal (MCL) shape, is being used in bridge engineering, while so many different shapes have been investigated by many researchers. The essential part of the process of developing composite dowels – the development of shape of the cutting line – is presented in this paper. The investigation, development, and evolution of the MCL shape, which is the final form of composite dowels for bridges and has been widely introduced in bridge engineering, are presented. The results of comparative tests of different shapes under cyclic loads are discussed. The background for the design formulas for the steel part and the fabrication aspects are highlighted.
Analisis Pendapatan, Biaya Operasional dan Laba Bersih Terhadap Harga Saham
Authors: Nazriel Muhammad , Sunarya Erry , Jhoansyah Dicky 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries in various countries globally, the tourism industry is an industry that is actively developing, innovating and having a major impact on the country's economy. The tourism sector is also a sector that can trigger economic growth, although often this sector is referred to as a complex sector due to changing tourism trends, this sector is able to move more than 700 million people around the world. However, due to the impact of Covid-19, especially on Tourism, Hospitality and Restaurant subsector companies listed on the IDX, they had to experience a decline in financial performance as evidenced by the decline in share prices of each company in the Tourism, Hospitality and Restaurant subsector. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of income, operating costs and net profit on stock prices. The methodology used in this study is quantitative methods with a total of 60 samples derived from the financial statements of companies listed on the IDX. The findings in this study were that there was a significant positive effect of earnings on stock prices while operating expenses and net income had no significant effect on stock prices.
Keywords: tourism industry; share price; Revenue; Operating Costs; Net Profit
The use of Internet resources in historical research
Authors: Mikheeva Vitalina Vladimirovna 
Published: April 2024

Computer technology has long been an integral part of our lives. The information resource of mankind is constantly growing, being updated and replenished, and benefits professionals of any specialization. Currently, the Internet has turned into a vast information space, into an immeasurable repository. In this repository, information of various kinds (scientific, business, educational, text, audio and video information) is publicly available and is constantly being enriched, there are virtual archives, libraries, and news feeds. The worldwide information network has connected not only individual researchers, but also numerous scientific organizations around the world. The object of the research is the analysis of Internet resources and the application of their potential in the field of historical knowledge. The subject of the research is the analysis of the Internet as a modern information environment of historical science, the use of Internet capabilities in historical research, as well as in historical education. The following methods were used in writing the work: historicism, historical-comparative, historical-genetic. This made it possible to discover potential Internet resources in the field of historical research. When writing the work, the author conducted a study, during which more than 300 sites and Web pages on the history of Russia and world history, located on various servers, were analyzed. The author gave a description of the main groups of sources represented on the Internet, and proposed his own classification of professional resources. He also focused on the characteristics of resources created by Academic organizations, the search for special articles and books, historical multimedia resources, collections of encyclopedias and dictionaries, anthologies, the use of blogs and forums, as well as file-sharing networks to search for historical information. Internet bibliographic resources, electronic catalogs, and meta-search bibliographic systems are also highlighted. Special attention is paid to the methods of more effective search for historical information, a new search concept is proposed.
The socio-political situation in Greece according to the report of the Swedish diplomatic mission from Constantinople (August 1916)
Authors: Kostrikov Sergey Petrovich 
Published: April 2024

The subject of the study is a report from the Swedish diplomatic mission in Constantinople, transmitted to the envoy of the Swedish Kingdom in St. Petersburg, considered as an important source on the socio-political situation in Greece with an assessment of possible prospects for its development. The report contains information concerning the most serious disagreements and irreconcilable contradictions between supporters of the Germanophile position led by King Constantine and supporters of the prominent liberal politician E. Venizelos, who repeatedly headed the Greek government. The latter openly advocated cooperation with the Entente countries, primarily Great Britain, for the landing of a contingent of allied troops in Greece to help the Serbian army and prevent the troops of the central powers. The period of the beginning of a series of uprisings in continental Greece and on the Greek islands of the king's policy is described. Based on the methods of historicism and systematic research, the issues of the very complicated situation around Greece as one of the most important players in the Balkans, the problems of the Thessaloniki Front, the military and diplomatic actions of the Entente allies in the region, the assessment of the situation by Swedish diplomats and their forecasts are considered. The analysis of the considered source allows us to draw the following conclusions. The materials of the report under study, together with other information, created a three-dimensional picture of events in Greece for the Swedish government in order to take any measures and take the necessary position from the point of view of the country's interests. This report was also important for our military and diplomatic authorities to understand the Swedish side's reaction to the events in Greece, to see their objective assessment of the outcome of this situation, and of the entire world war as a whole. The information obtained from this source gave Russian diplomacy the opportunity to use them in its relations with partners and have an idea of the prospects for the development of the situation in the Balkans.