bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive Single‐Dose Chemotherapy in Pneumonia in Children
Authors: HESSELMAN B. H. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYAn account is given of 195 cases of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in children from 0 15 years of age, treated in the medical wards of Kronprinsessan Lovisas Barnsjukhus during the period ½ 1941 ½ 1945.In all the cases chemotherapy has been given in the form of a massive single dose. In 48 cases (24 %) the massive dose treatment has been supplemented by continuous chemotherapy. Sulphapyridine, sulphathiazole and sulfadimin have been used. The dosage has been 0.3 g per kg body weight for children under 3 years, and 0.2 g per kg body weight for the others, with 8 g as the maximal dose.There have been few complications, and the toxic side‐effects have been extremely slight. 5.6 % fatal cases are recorded of all the cases observed, but if those cases where pneumonia has appeared as a complication of a serious congenital malformation or of a serious primary basic illness, are subtracted, the mortality is 2.1 %.As the massive single‐dose treatment is technically easy to carry out, gives the patient more repose than does the continuous treatment during the period when the illness is most severe, lessens to a considerable degree the work of the hospital personnel, gives a result which can be compared favourably with that of continuous chemotherapy, gives rise to few complications and toxic side‐effects, this treatment can be recommended for pneumonia in children.Satisfactory results have also been obtained with massive single‐dose treatment in eases of capillary bronchitis.
COW'S MILK IDIOSYNCRASY IN INFANTS
Authors: VENDEL STEPHAN , WALLGREN HEAD: PROFESSOR ARVID 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn the period 1919—1947 a total of 23 clinically definite cases of cow's milk idiosyncrasy were treated at the 4 children's hospitals of Stockholm. This series of cases, supplemented by one case from private practice in Stockholm, is surveyed and attention is directed to an unusual symptom to which earlier authors have not attached any great significance, namely the very varying interval of time between exposure and allergic reaction.1 It is found that this allergic period of latency is as a rule individually constant and that therefore with this basis of classification it is possible to present the 24 cases so that their other clinical symptoms fall naturally into two distinct clinical types. These two types agree with the classification of cow's milk idiosyncrasy which von Sydow, on other grounds, has proposed.
Dermatomyositis in Children
Authors: SUNDE HANS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo instances of dermatomyositis in children show the more important symptoms, with an acute remittent course in one case and a chronic course in the other.Noting definite can be said about the etiology, but attention is called to streptococcus infection. Strikingly many cases appear to show increased antistreptolysin titers.It is discussed whether dermatomyositis may be looked upon as secondary to certain infectious diseases, possibly a state of hypersensitiveness of the skin and muscles to some circulating antigen or bacterial product.The treatment is symptomatic. Protection against infections during the course of the disease is important.ResumeDeux cas de dermatomyosite chez des enfants montrent les symptômes les plus importants, avec un cours aigu rémittent dans un cas et un cours chronique dans ľautre.Rien de définitif ne peut être dit au sujet de ľétiologie, mais on attire ľattention sur ľinfection par streptocoques. Un nombre remarquable de cas semblent montrer une eroissance de titre ?antistreptolysin.On se demande si la dermatomyosite peut être considérée comme une maladie secondaire de certaines maladies infeetieuses, peut‐être une forme ?hypersensibilité de la peau et des muscles à quelque produit antigène ou bactérien ambulant.Le traitement est symptômatique. II importe de protéger le malade contre les infections durant le cours de la maladie.Zusammenfassung2 Beispiele von Dermatomyositis bei Kindern zeigen die wichtigsten Symptome mit akut remittierendem Verlauf in dem einen und chronisehem in dem andern Falle.Über die Ätiologie kann nichts Definitives gesagt werden, es wurde aber die Aufmerksamkeit auf eine Streptokokken‐Infek‐tion gerichtet. Auffallend viele Fälle scheinen einen erhöhten Antistreptokokkentiter zu zeigen.Es wird erortert, ob die Dermatomyositis als sekundär nach bestimmten Infektionskrankheiten, möglicherweise als ein Zu‐stand von Überempfindlichkeit der Haut und der Muskeln gegen irgendein zirkulierendes Antigen oder Bakterienprodukt angesehen werden kann.Die Behandlung ist symptomatisch. Schutz vor Infektionen während des Krankheitsverlaufes ist wichtig.ResumenDos ejemplos de dermatomiositis infantil muestran los sín‐tomas importantes con un curso agudamente remitente en un caso y crónico en el otro.No se puede decir nada definitivo en lo que se refiere a la etiología, pero se llama la atención sobre una infectión estrepto‐cócica. Es notable que muchos casos parecen demostrar un título aumentado de antiestreptolisina.Se discute si se puede considerar la dermatomiositis como secundaria a ciertas enfermedades infecciosas, posiblemente un estado de liipersensibilidad de la epidermis y de los músculos con relatión a algún producto circulatorio antígeno o bactérico.El tratamiento es sintomático. La protección contra infec‐ciones durante el curso de la enfermedad es importante.
Lntravascular Red Cell Aggregation in Newborn Infants with Infections
Authors: ARAJÄRVI T. , ZlLLlACUS H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe blood stream can be directly observed in the conjunctival blood vessels with the aid of a stereo‐microscope at 40–100 x magnification. When this method of observation was applied in a large number of newborn infants during the first days or weeks of life it was noted that the blood stream in the small vessels and capillaries of the conjunctiva was even and ungranulated in completely healthy children. The red cells flowed along in even, single or double lines in both capillaries and para‐Capillaries. In the larger vessels, the blood stream was even and ungranulated. However, as soon as even very slight prodromal signs of infection appeared, a slight rise in the temperature, a lowering of the general condition, vomiting or abnormality of the stools; for instance, the circulating red cells began to form into clumps. In many cases, aggregation of the red cells was the first sign of infection to appear. The aggregating tendency was more pronounced when the infection was severe than when it was mild. The aggregation phenomenon was characterized by the fact that, in capillaries and paracapillaries, colourless spaces were observable between erythrocyte “carriages” of varying lengths. In vessels of larger calibre the blood stream was granulated. The rate of flow was decreased in all the vessels studied. As it is known from earlier investigations that the degree of red cell aggregation bears a certain relationship to the increased sedimentation rate of the red cells, intravascular aggregation in infants with infection may be regarded as a sedimentation reaction directly observed in vivo. Instead of using the microsedimentation reaction an early diagnosis of infection can be made by direct observation of the blood stream with a view to detecting the possible presence of red cell aggregation. This also holds good for premature babies. Cases of erythroblastosis foetalis and cases with extensive traumatic lesions (e.g. parturition injuries) form exceptions to this rule since they also display intravascular red cell aggregation.Fifteen cases are described.
Re‐Infections with Measles: Familial Immunity Defect
Authors: THAMDRUP ERIK 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAuthentic communications about re‐infections with measles are rare. The writer reports a case of presumably fourth infection with measles in an 8‐year‐old boy who had also had whooping cough and German measles twice, and, further, recurring tonsillitis and “influenzal infections”. The patient's mother, 2 of her sisters and brothers, and a brother had had measles twice, the brother also whooping cough twice.Examinations of the patient's serum proteins showed a normal content of total protein, albumin and globulin. The electrophoretic pattern was normal. Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins could not be demonstrated in the patient's blood. Parotitis complement fixation < 4. Antibody against influenza A could be demonstrated. After vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus a normal formation and excretion of antitoxins was ascertained (followed for a year). The electrophoretic pattern remained unchanged. Previous communications and the anamnestic information received about this patient seem, however, to indicate that there are individuals who have a poor immunization capacity against measles (in this patient also against certain other infections), and that this is a constitutional hereditary property.
A Case of the Hand‐Schüller‐Christian Disease Treated with Cortisone1 (A Discussion of the Primary or Secondary Nature of the Lipold Deposits)
Authors: KARLÉN KARL‐HENRIK 
Published: January 2008

SummaryReport of an 1 1/2 year old boy with Hand‐Schüller‐Christian disease. A dose of 3 mg cortisone per kg of body weight per day, injected intramuscularly, initially resulted in conspicuous improvement. Thus, the general condition improved, the hepatomegaly and splenomegaly decreased, as did the protrusion of the eyeball, polyruia and polydipsia. Oedema subsequently developed and became increasingly severe; no changes were found in the blood chemistry to account for it. It was necessary to discontinue cortisone therapy after 3 weeks. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly and he died after a further 5 days.
Studies on Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Children
Authors: BERFENSTAM RAGNAR 
Published: January 2008

Summary

An account of the results of intravenous and intramuscular injections of whole blood, plasma and serum into premature infants is given. In all cases there is an increase of carbonic anhydrase activity in the infant's blood.
The cause for the increase in enzyme activity is discussed. This is found to be probably due to an activating factor in plasma; this factor is thermostable, dialysable and seemingly of non‐electrolyte character.
The possible inconveniences that premature infants could suffer on account of their low carbonic anhydrase activity and the help possibly afforded to these infants by transfusions are discussed.
The Claw Hand in Gargoylism, its Pathology and Treatment
Authors: SJÖLIN STlG , SKOOG TORD 
Published: January 2008

SummaryGargoylism is discussed briefly as a systemic disorder and a typical case is reported in detail. Claw hand, a characteristic symptom, is shown to be due to a trigger finger condition and was completely cured surgically in this case. The origin of trigger finger in gargoylism is discussed and the advantage of overcoming the hand deformity is stressed. Further a surgical reduction of the tongue was carried out in this case to relieve the breathing difficulties caused by macroglossia.
Retrolental Fibroplasia ‐ Animal Experiments| The effect of the eyes of fullterm mice. A preliminary report
Authors: GYLLENSTEN LARS J. , HELLSTRÖM BO E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe following changes have been found in the eyes of 1–3 weeks old fullterm mice, who were exposed to pure oxygen intermittingly from birth: haemorrhages, retinal folding and formation of a vascular, cellular and fibrons tissue in the Vitreous body.
Stenosis of the Larynx in Infancy Haemangioma of the Larynx
Authors: RAMSE O. B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA 3‐months‐old girl suffered from difficulty in inspiration from birth. Attacks of dyspnoea set in gradually with stridor, cyanosis and loss of consciousness. There were repeated remissions. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a bluish‐black swelling in the region of the subglottis, and a post‐mortem examination showed a haemangioma in the larynx with haemorrhage, tracheo‐bronchitis and atelectasis of the lungs. In connexion with this case a brief account is given of the symptomatology, diagnostic possibilities and treatment of haemangioma in the larynx.
Macrogenitosomia Caused by Interstitial Cell Tumour of the Testis. A Case in a 71/2‐Year‐Old Boy
Authors: THAMDRUP E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe case is the 13th that has been published. The symptoms (premature somatic and genital development) commenced when the patient was 7 years; 6 months later a tumour of the right testis, measuring 2times2x3 cm, was removed and verified microscopically as a typical interstitial cell tumour without signs of malignancy. Following the operation the patient's abnormally rapid development ceased. 10 months later the patient's condition was unchanged, but 18 months after the operation there was a slight regression of the symptoms. After the operation the remaining testis developed to more than twice its original size, which was considered a compensatory hypertrophy, as there was no palpable tumour and the excretion of 17‐ketosteroids, which before the operation was 40.1 mg in 24 hours, immediately fell to normal values and remained normal.The possibility of malignancy, the result of the hormone analyses and the regression of the symptoms after operation are discussed. The presence of malignant tumoura has been reported only in adults. In addition to the increased excretion of 17‐ketosteroids there was a slightly elevated excretion of oestrogenic hormone. The latter is supposed to have been caused by a production in the tumour cells of abnormal steroids with oestrogen effect, or by an excess of normal oestrogenic hormone. Eegression of the symptoms has not been observed in all the cases reported. The possibility of regression is greater the earlier the patient is operated on after the onset of the symptoms.
Appearance of the Fundus Oculi in Prematurely Born Infants Treated With and Without Oxygen
Authors: HUGGERT A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe author has compared a group of 121 prematurely born children (5 with a birth weight at the highest 1300 g) who recerived a large supply of oxygen, with another group of 44 prematures (2 with a birth weight at the highest 1300 g) who received oxygen to a very slight extent. In the first group, 2 cases of cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia developed, in the latter group none, while acute peripheral retinal changes of a more pronounced degree occurred among 33 and 4 children, respectively. No definite increase in mortality could be proved to occur among the children as a result of the more restricted use of oxygen.Very narrow vessels in different parts of the eye, together with pale papillae, were seen during the continuous use of oxygen, while dilated vessels and oedema of the fundus oculi certainly occurred more often in children who received oxygen, but these changes did occur also in other cases. In those cases dilated vessels were often seen immediately after birth, or in relation to a lowered general condition, especially if associated with infections.Oxygen administration is only to be recommended in cases of pronounced asphyxia: at the same time, the importance of a gradual withdrawal of oxygen and control examination of the fundus oculi is stressed in these cases.
Hemolysis of Human Blood Caused by Oxygen and Its Prevention with Vitaman E Preliminary Report
Authors: RÄIHÄ NIELS 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Hemolysis tests were performed on blood incubated with increasing oxygen concentrations.2. It was concluded that the degree of hemolysis in some cases is directly proportional to the concentration of oxygen.3. Vitamin E administered to the tested subjects has an inhibitory effect on this hemolysis.4. It seems that fetal blood, due to some physiological effect, has a different behaviour under the above conditions.Hémolyse du sang humain par l'oxygène et l'effet préventif de la vitamine E.Des tests d'hémolyse ont été faits sur du sang ayant subi l'incubation avec des doses croissantes d'oxygène. On a pu tirer la conclusion que dans certains cas le degré d'hémolyse est directement proportionnel à la concentration d'oxygène. La vitamine E administrée aux sujets examinés a un effet inhibiteur sur cette hémolyse. Il semble que le sang du fœtus, à cause d'un certain effet physiologique, se comporte différemment dans les circonstances mentionnées plus haut.Die durch Sauerstoff verursachte Hämolyse des menschlichen Blutes und ihre Verhinderung durch Vitamin E.Es wurden Hämolyseuntersuchungen mit in steigenden Sauerstoffkonzentrationen inkubiertem Blut durchgeführt. Man stellte fest, dass der Grad der Hämolyse in einigen Fallen direkt proportional der Sauerstoffkonzentration ist. Gibt man den Versuchspersonen Vitamin E, so hat dieses einen hemmenden Effekt auf die Hämolyse. Auf Grand gewisser physiologischer Wirkungen scheint sich das Fötalblut un ter den obengenannten Bedingungen anders zu verhalten.Hemóliais de sangre humana con oxigeno y efecto irihibitorio de la vitamina E.Se realizaron pruebas de hemólisis con sangre incubada con concentraciones crecientes de oxigeno. Conclúyese que el grado de hemólisis en algunos casos es directamente proporcional a la concentratión de oxígeno. La vitamina E administrada a los sujetos sometidos a la prueba tuvo un efecto inhibitorio sobre la hemólisis. Parece que la sangre fetal, debido a algún efeeto fisiólogico, tiene un comportamiento diferente en las condiciones citadas.
Galactose Intolerance: Observations on an Experimental Animal
Authors: PERRY J. W. , MOORE ANNE E. , THOMAS D. A. , HIRD F. J. R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe effect of adding galactose to the diet of chicks has been studied. Concentrations of 10%, 5% and 2.5% w/v. in drinking water were uniformly fatal, the survival time varying inversely with the dose.During life the birds showed increased blood galactose levels, reduced plasma alpha amino nitrogen levels and were subject to fits.Failure to thrive, involvement of the central nervous system, galactosaemia and increased galactose excretion are features common to both the human and the experimental disease. These features have been emphasised in support of the chick as an experimental animal for the investigation of galactose intolerance.It was found in vitro, using segments of chicks' gut, that galactose did not support the uptake of the amino acid L‐histidine. It is suggested that if galactose and/or galactose‐1‐phosphate interfere with the supply of useful energy to tissue cells, this might lead to a multiplicity of disorders of which reduced absorption of amino acids is only one.On a étudié l'effet de l'addition de galactose au régime de poulets. Des concentra‐tions de 10, 5 et 2,5 % dans l'eau de boisson se sont toujours montrées mortelles, la durée de la survie ayant été inversément proportionelle aux concentrations. Durant leur survie, les oiseaux ont montré im accroissement de la galactosémie, une réduction de 1'alpha‐amino nitrogène et furent sujets à des convulsions. Ralentissement de la croissance, dégénéreseence du Système nerveux central, galaetosémie et augmentation de l'excrétion du galactose sont des symptomes de la maladie, à la fois, chez l'homme et 1'ammal de laboratoire. On a déduit de ces faits que le poulet est un animal de choix pour l'expérirnentation sur l'intolérance au galactose. On a prouvé, in vitro, en employ‐ant des intestins de poulet, que le galactose ne favorise pas la résorption de l'acide aniiné, L‐histidine. On suggère que, si le galactose ou/et le 1‐phosphate de galactose empèehent l'apport d'énergie utile aux cellules, cela peut mener à de nombreux désor‐dres et, parmi ceux‐ci, à la diminution de l'absorption des acides aminés.
The Falling Rate of Breast‐Feeding in Sweden
Authors: STRÖM JUSTUS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe breast‐feeding rate in Sweden has fallen quite considerably from 1944 to 1953 despite the efficiency of prenatal care organization. The rate for wholly breast‐fed children under 2 months of age, in the country as a whole, fell from 77 to 74 per cent, under 4 months from 58 to 49 per cent, and under 6 months from 43 to 33 per cent. Certain general causes of this situation are discussed, particular emphasis being laid on the short period of nursing at obstetric departments, women's professions and the financial conditions appertaining thereto, the comparatively slight risks involved in artificial feeding, the ease of using various manufactured preparations and the intense propaganda made for them.L'allaitement maternel a considérablement diminué en Suède de 1944 à 1953, en dépit du développement des organisations de soins prénataux. Le pourcentage des enfants nourris au sein considéré dans tout le pays, a diminue de la manière suivante: En dessous de 2 mois, de 77 à 74%; en dessous de 4 mois, de 58 à 49%; en dessous de 6 mois, de 43 à 33%. Les causes de cette diminution sont ensuite discutées. Un accent particulier est mis sur la période de soins trop courte dans les services d'obstétrique, sur la fréquence des professions féminines et la situation pécuniaire qui en découle, que I'on doit opposer au risque minime d'une alimentation artificielle, à la facilité d'emploi des divers produits diététiques, et à la réclame considérable qui leur est faite.
A Comparison of Hemoglobin and Erythrocyte Values in the First‐horn and the Second‐born Twin, and in First, Second and Third Triplet during the Neonatal Period
Authors: SEIP MARTIN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe last‐born twin or triplet usually has a higher hemoglobin and erythrocyte content of the peripheral blood during the first two weeks of life than twin no. 1 (triplets nos. 1 and 2). This is assumed to be due to an extra “blood transfusion” to the last‐born twin or triplet from the placenta and umbilical vessels after birth, before the clamping of the cord, caused by the more complete contraction of the uterus when the last fetus is also delivered. The last‐born twin or triplet therefore is likely to have a somewhat greater iron reserve at birth.Comparaison du taux d'hémoglobine et du nombre d'érythrocytes pendant la période néonatale chez le premier et le deuxieme jumeau, le premier, le deuxième et le troisième triplet.Pendant les deux premières semaines de la vie, le sang périphérique est plus riche en érythrocytes et en hémoglobine chez le jumeau ou le triplet dernier‐nés que chez le premier jumeau (ou le ler et le 2e triplet). Ce fait est expliqué parce que le jumeau ou le triplet dernier‐nés reçoivent, avant le clampage du cordon, une transfusion supplémentaire de sang venant du placenta et de l'utérus, celui‐ci se contractant de manière plus complète après la délivrance du dernier fétus. Le jumeau ou le triplet dernier‐nés sont susceptibles, par conséquent, d'avoir une réserve de fer plus considérable.Ein Vergleich von Haemoglobin‐ und Erythrocytenwerten zwischen erst‐ und zweitgebo‐renen Zwillingen und erst‐, zweit‐ und letztgeborenen Zwillingen während der Neugeburts‐periode.Der zuletzt geborene Zwilling oder Drilling hat gewöhnlich einen höheren Haemoglobin‐ und Erythrocytengehalt im peripheren Blut wahrend der ersten zwei Lebens‐wochen als der Zwilling Nr. 1 (Drilling Nr. 1 und 2). Es wird angenommen, dass dies durch eine besondere. Bluttransfusion bedingt ist, die der letztgeborene Zwilling oder Drilling nach der Geburt von der Placenta und den Nabelgefässen bekommt, bevor die Nabelschnur durch die vollständigere Kontraktion des Uterus abgedrosselt wird, wenn auch der letzte Foetus geboren ist. Der letztgeborene Zwilling oder Drilling muss deshalb wahrscheinlich bei Geburt eine etwas grössere Eisenreserve haben.Comparación de los valores hemoglobínicos y eritrocíticos en el primero y segundo mellizo y en el primero, segundo y tercer trillizo durante el periodo neonatal.Durante las dos primeras semanas de vida, los valores de hemoglobina y el recuento de eritrocitos en la sangre periférica son generalmente mas altos en el mellizo o trillizo nacido último. Se cree que esto sea debido a una transfusión extra por parte de la placenta y los vasos umbilicales antes de una contracción más completa del útero. Probablemente el último mellizo o trillizo sea, al nacer, portador de una mayor reserva de hierro.