bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical control of the spin state in a semimagnetic quantum dot
Authors: Kuhn Tilmann , Reiter Doris E. , Axt Vollrath Martin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn a Mn doped quantum dot the spin state of the Mn atom can be controlled via a well chosen sequence of laser pulses, which create or annihilate excitons in the quantum dot. The change of the state consists of a flip of the Mn spin accompanied by a simultaneous spin flip of an electron or light hole induced by the exchange interaction between Mn spin and electron or hole spin. All flipping processes can be interpreted in terms of exchange‐induced Rabi oscillations. The period and amplitude of the oscillations are determined by the coupling strength of the exchange interactions, which also strongly influences the energy splitting between the involved states. External magnetic fields can be used to tune the energies of the exciton states and thereby minimize the energy splitting between the states involved in the spin flip process. Thus the switching dynamics can be optimized by applying a magnetic field. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
G‐mode behaviour of closed ended single wall carbon nanotubes under pressure
Authors: Ghandour Ahmad J. , Dunstan D. J. , Sapelkin Andrei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe have performed high pressure Raman experiments on closed‐ended single wall carbon nanotubes using two different excitation wavelengths: 632.8 nm and 514 nm. We found that the shape of the G‐mode spectrum changes while changing the excitation wavelength at lower pressures, while it becomes similar at 3.5 GPa. In addition we record that the value of the transition pressure, associated with the structural transitions in the tubes, has also changed with changing the excitation wavelength even though we are examining tubes from the same produced sample. We attribute these results to the tubes having different electronic nature (metallic; semi‐conducting) and different diameters in resonance with each excitation wavelength. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pressure dependence of the Raman active vibrations in InP–CdS hybrid nanoparticles
Authors: Tallman R. E. , Weinstein B. A. , Trallero‐Giner C. , Sahoo Y. , Prasad P. N. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe effects of pressure on the confined and surface‐optical (SO) vibrations in core‐shell InP–CdS colloidal nanoparticles are explored experimentally by Raman scattering and theoretically using the phenomenological macroscopic approach (PMA) (F. Comas and C. Trallero‐Giner, Phys. Rev. B 67, 115301 (2003); C. Trallero‐Giner et al., to be published [1]). Experiments on two sample ensembles are carried out to P = 6.5 GPa at 373 K and 230 K (including laser heating) using diamond‐cells with 4:1 methanol:ethanol and pyridine media. We observe the pressure‐induced shifts of the peaks due to the confined LO‐ and TO‐like core modes, and of the broad feature assigned to SO vibrations at the CdS‐shell surface. PMA calculations are performed for the confined modes and the ℓ = 1, 2 SO modes in spherical geometry using pressure‐dependent bulk parameters as input. We compute the frequencies for different core radii and shell‐to‐core radius ratios γ. The best fit to the pressure data is found for an InP core diameter of 45 ± 10 A, and γ ∼ 1.1–1.4 depending on the sample ensemble and the value of ℓ. The effects of pressure on the InP–CdS core‐shell modes appear to be well described by the PMA formalism. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab initio calculations of ascorbic acid interacting with C61(COOH)2 complex under pressure
Authors: Zanella I. , Lemos V. , Guerini S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAb initio calculations were performed to study the interaction between a C61(COOH)2 complex with ascorbic acid under hydrostatic pressure. The system was found to support pressures up to 2.0 GPa, the value above which disruption of bonds was observed. At 2.0 GPa states are observed in the DOS where a HOMO–LUMO gap existed before application of the pressure. Also, the binding energy between the vitamin C and the remaining system is increased by ∼1.6 times when the pressure applied is 2.0 GPa. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of molybdate–benzotriazole surface treatment against copper tarnishing
Authors: Zhang Da‐Quan , Goun Joo Hyung , Yong Lee Kang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe synergistic effect of benzotriazole (BTAH) and molybdate on the inhibition of copper tarnish was studied in this paper. The antitarnish treatment of copper was conducted with BTAH solution containing molybdate. The surface morphology observation and composition analysis were investigated by SEM with energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The addition of molybdate improved the protection of BTAH significantly. The BTAH + molybdate treated copper specimen has higher N concentration in its surface. The structure of the protective film was studied by XPS and AES measurements. It was characterized to be a complex of Cu(I)BTA. The antitarnish effect is certified by the formation of the protective Cu(I)BTA film. Molybdate does not participate in the formation of the protective film. The presence of molybdate promotes the passivation of copper. This facilitates the stabilization of the cuprous oxide film, and strengthens the adsorption of BTAH. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface characteristics analysis of nitrocarburized (Tenifer) and carbonitrided industrial steel AISI 02 types
Authors: Fares M.L. , Touhami M.Z. , Belaid M. , Bruyas H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGenerally, tool steels for cold work are obtained by rolling and forging processes. They are treated to have a structure conferring to the material a high toughness limit in terms of wear resistance and endurance. The objective of this study is the thermochemical heat treatment of industrial steel blades made of AISI 02 types, intended for polymer crushing. The effects of nitrocarburizing (Tenifer) and gaseous carbonitriding processes on surface characteristics are considered. These surface treatments increase the usefulness of properties, that is, fatigue strength, wear and corrosion resistance of this microalloyed steel. The influence of treatment duration and the thickness of the layers on surface properties are investigated. The analysis and characterization are carried out using physical analysis [optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) techniques] and mechanical measurements (microhardness, weight loss and residual stresses) of treated material. The results are intended to contribute in defining and optimizing the adequate choice of treatments for this type of steel in industrial conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint modeling longitudinal semi‐continuous data and survival, with application to longitudinal medical cost data
Authors: Liu Lei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIt has been increasingly common to analyze simultaneously repeated measures and time to failure data. In this paper we propose a joint model when the repeated measures are semi‐continuous, characterized by the presence of a large portion of zero values, as well as right skewness of non zero (positive) values. Examples include monthly medical costs, car insurance annual claims, or annual number of hospitalization days. A random effects two‐part model is used to describe respectively the odds of being positive and the level of positive values. The random effects from the two‐part model are then incorporated in the hazard of the failure time to form the joint model. The estimation can be carried out by Gaussian quadrature techniques conveniently implemented in SAS Proc NLMIXED. Our model is applied to longitudinal (monthly) medical costs of 1455 chronic heart‐failure patients from the clinical data repository at the University of Virginia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oligothiophene Assemblies Defined by DNA Interaction: From Single Chains to Disordered Clusters
Authors: Björk Per , Thomsson Daniel , Mirzov Oleg , Wigenius Jens , Inganäs Olle , Scheblykin Ivan G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe organization of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) interacting with biomolecules sets conditions for the biodetection of biological processes and identity, through the use of optical emission from the CPE. Herein, a well‐defined CPE and its binding to DNA is studied. By using dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy, it is shown that the CPE forms a multimolecule ensemble in aqueous solution that is more than doubled in size when interacting with a small DNA chain, while single chains are evident in ethanol. The related changes in the fluorescence spectra upon polymer aggregation are assigned to oscillator strength redistribution between vibronic transitions in weakly coupled H‐aggregates. An enhanced single‐molecule spectroscopy technique that allows full control of excitation and emission light polarization is applied to combed and decorated λDNA chains. It is found that the organization of combed CPE–λDNA complexes (when dry on the surface) allows considerable variation of CPE distances and direction relative to the DNA chain. By analysis of the polarization data energy transfer between the polymer chains in individual complexes is confirmed and their sizes estimated.
Microreplication and Design of Biological Architectures Using Dynamic‐Mask Multiphoton Lithography
Authors: Nielson Rex , Kaehr Bryan , Shear Jason B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA strategy for rapidly printing three‐dimensional (3D) microscopic replicas using multiphoton lithography directed by a dynamic electronic mask is reported. Morphological descriptions of 3D structures are encoded as stacks of 2D slices created from tomographic and computer‐designed instruction sets. In this manner, digital images serve as input for a sequence of reflective photomasks on a digital micromirror device to direct replication of a structure. By scanning a laser focus across the face of the intrinsically aligned masks, tomographic and computed data can be translated into protein‐based 3D reproductions with submicrometer feature sizes within 1 min. This straightforward and highly versatile approach may provide improved routes for the development of 3D cellular scaffolds, rapid prototyping of microanalytical devices, and production of custom tissue replacements.
Cameo: an alternative model of concurrency for Eiffel
Authors: Brooke Phillip J. , Paige Richard F. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We present a new concurrency model for the Eiffel programming language. The model is motivated by describing a number of semantic problems with the leading concurrency model for Eiffel, namely SCOOP. Our alternative model aims to preserve the existing behaviour of sequential programs and libraries wherever possible. Comparison with the SCOOP model is made. The concurrency aspects of the alternative model are presented in CSP along with a model of exceptions. The results show that while the new model provides increased parallelism, this comes with the price of increased overhead due to lock management.
Estimating number of families for an urban fox population by using two public data sets
Authors: Uraguchi Kohji , Yamamura Kohji , Saitoh Takashi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe number of families in the urban fox population of Sapporo, Japan, was estimated from two sets of data reported by the public to government: records of road‐killed foxes (information‐A) and records of complaints about foxes (information‐B). We assumed that fox populations consist of families that have exclusive home ranges, i.e., territories, during the period between gestation and dispersal. The urban area was then divided into hexagons that correspond to the territories. The locations from the two sets of records during the territorial period were plotted on the map. The number of fox families for which information‐A and/or B was reported was estimated by counting the number of hexagons that include the record. The total number of families was estimated by using a double‐observation method. We adopted Chapman's unbiased estimator which is based on the hypergeometric distribution that corresponds to the conditional likelihood. We demonstrated the possibility of estimating the abundance of animals from government data such as road kill and complaints if the animals have territories.
Does Microvascular free flap Reconstruction in oral Squamous cell Carcinoma Improve Patient Survival?
Authors: Marchetti Claudio , Pizzigallo Angelo , Cipriani Riccardo , Campobassi Angelo , Badiali Giovanni 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveWe analyzed our experiences with microvascular reconstruction after oncologic resections for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Has microvascular surgery changed the survival rate of these patients?DesignRetrospective study.Subjects and MethodsForty‐two consecutive patients enrolled from March 1999 to December 2004. Follow‐up time ranged from 1 to 94 months. Survival rates were evaluated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared among different groups with the use of Cox regression.ResultsThe actuarial 5‐year survival rate was 41.9% (SD = 9.6%). Survival rates were also analyzed according to T, N, and stage. The survival was significantly related only to N, which showed a 72.4% increase in the risk related to the increase of one N stage.ConclusionsA comparison between our study group and those of 3 previous similar studies would not provide definitive statistical evidence, but it could certainly suggest a trend. The comparison seems to support that microvascular free tissue transfer does not change the survival of these patients.
Lymphosonographic Sentinel node Biopsy of the Supraglottis in a Swine Model
Authors: Curry Joseph M. , Grindle Christopher R. , Merton Daniel A. , Goldberg Barry B. , Rosen David , Pribitkin Edmund A. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo test the feasibility of a novel contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) technique, or lymphosonography, for sentinel node biopsy (SNB) of the supraglottis in a porcine model.Study Design and SettingIn this prospective, non‐randomized animal study, blue dye and ultrasound contrast agent were injected into the supraglottis in seven 50‐kg Yorkshire swine. Transcutaneous CEUS was used to identify real‐time lymphatic flow of contrast through lymph channels (LC) to the sentinel lymph node (SLN). SNB was carried out, visually identifying a blue node, with the assistance of intraoperative CEUS. Bilateral modified radical neck dissections were performed to search for any residual contrast‐positive or blue SLNs.ResultsIn each case, at least one SLN was identified by preoperative CEUS. A total of 12 nodes were identified on preoperative CEUS, and 11 of 12 nodes were stained with blue dye (91.7%). No residual blue or contrast‐positive nodes were identified on neck dissection.ConclusionsLymphosonographic SNB of the supraglottis in a porcine model is technically feasible, and yields results comparable to traditional blue dye–guided techniques. No “shine‐through” effect or nonsequential nodal enhancement occurred. This technique holds promise for sentinel node biopsy and allows a novel method for in vivo investigation of the lymphatic system.
A method for identification of vocal fold lamina propria fibroblasts in culture
Authors: Thibeault Susan L. , Li Wenhua , Bartley Stephanie 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveVocal fold biology research is emerging as a vital area of study in laryngology. One impediment is the lack of both commercially available vocal fold lamina propria fibroblasts and a constitutively expressed specific marker for fibroblasts. We present an in vitro technique that allows for identification of fibroblasts by ruling out the possibility of the cells belonging to other lineages that are found in vocal fold tissue.Study DesignAn in vitro study.MethodsTwo primary vocal fold fibroblast cell lines and one immortalized vocal fold fibroblast cell line were cultured. Immunohistologic staining for α‐actinin, cytokeratin 19, and von Willebrand factor was completed for the three fibroblast lines in addition to skeletal, endothelial, and epithelial cell lines. Cell type was differentiated by positive staining for α‐actinin, cytokeratin 19, and von Willebrand factor.ResultsFibroblast cultures did not express α‐actinin, cytokeratin 19, and von Willebrand factor, whereas skeletal muscle, endothelial, and epithelial cultured cells expressed each respectively.ConclusionsThis simple rule‐out methodology for fibroblast confirmation is an important step when establishing cell culture, and it establishes sound internal validity particularly in the early stages of this emerging area of study.
Pro-competition Policy Tools and State Capacity: Corporatisation of Public Universities in Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors: Mok Ka Ho 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In the last decade, the higher education systems in Hong Kong and Singapore have experienced the processes of marketisation and corporatisation. Public universities are under constant pressures to restructure themselves to become more entrepreneurial and globally competitive. The principal goal of the article is to compare and contrast how and why governments in Hong Kong and Singapore have increasingly adopted more pro-competition policy tools, especially when indirect policy instruments have become increasingly popular in governing higher education in these East Asian Tigers. The present article also examines whether and how these Asian developmental states have really reduced their capacity in managing the public sector particularly when the “liberalising and marketising trends” are more globally driving their choices and options of policy tools.
Firm Accounting Practices, Accounting Reform and Corruption in Asia
Authors: Wu Xun 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Despite rapid economic growth and assiduous efforts in anti-corruption campaigns, many Asian economies continue to be plagued with rampant corruption problems; and in a number of countries, the progress towards corruption reduction has stagnated over the last decade as measured by corruption perception indices. This paper focuses on the corporate sector as the main source of corruption problems in Asia, with particular emphasis on the impact that firm accounting practices have on the level of bribery. Using a unique cross-country firm-level dataset, we examine some distinct characteristics of bribery in corporate Asia, and empirically test the relationship between firm accounting practices and bribery. Our findings suggest that better accounting practices can help reduce both the incidence of bribery activities and the amount of bribe payments, but conforming to high quality accounting standard alone will not necessarily enhance the quality of accounting practices and thus will not automatically bring down the level of bribery.
Graptolite and conodont biostratigraphy of the upper Telychian–lower Sheinwoodian (Llandovery–Wenlock) strata, Jabalón River section, Corral de Calatrava, central Spain
Authors: LOYDELL D. K. , SARMIENTO G. N. , ŠTORCH P. , GUTIÉRREZ-MARCO J. C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA graptolite biostratigraphy is erected for the upper Telychian (uppercrenulataBiozone) to lower Sheinwoodian (riccartonensisordubiusBiozone) strata of the Jabalón River section, Spain. Two unconformities are recognized in the section: one between thelapworthiandmurchisonibiozones; the other between themurchisoniandriccartonensisbiozones. These unconformities coincide with intervals of lowered eustatic sea-level. Graptolite assemblages include both cosmopolitan taxa and some which have been recorded previously from Morocco and/or other Spanish sections. At some stratigraphical levelsPristiograptusorEuroclimacisspecies are abundant;Monoclimacis,StreptograptusandMediograptusspecies are generally uncommon. Conodonts were examined from the upperspiralisthrough to lowermurchisoniBiozone; the occurrences ofPterospathodus amorphognathoidesare consistent with the species' known range elsewhere. Four new graptolite species are described:Euroclimacis jabalonensis,E. hamata,Monoclimacis flexaandStimulograptus pradoi.
A comparative study of the filamentation and Weibel instabilities and their cumulative effect. II. Weakly relativistic beams
Authors: STOCKEM A. , LAZAR M. , SHUKLA P. K. , SMOLYAKOV A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCounterstreaming plasma systems with intrinsic temperature anisotropies are unstable against the excitation of Weibel-type instabilities, namely, filamentation and Weibel instabilities, and their cumulative effect. Here, the analysis is extended to counterstreaming plasmas with weakly relativistic bulk velocities, while the thermal velocities are still considered to be non-relativistic. Such plasma systems are relevant for fusion plasma experiments and the more violent astrophysical phenomena, such as jets in gamma-ray burst sources. Simple analytical forms of the dispersion relations are derived in the limit of a small transverse temperature or a large temperature anisotropy of the beams. The aperiodic growing solutions are plotted systematically for the representative cases chosen in Paper I (Lazar et al. 2009 J. Plasma Phys. 75, in press). In the limit of slow non-relativistic plasma flows, the numerical solutions fit well with those obtained in Paper I, but for weakly relativistic streams an important deviation is found.
Excitation of ion wakefields by electromagnetic pulses in dense plasmas
Authors: SHUKLA P. K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe excitation of electrostatic ion wakefields by electromagnetic pulses in a very dense plasma is considered. For this purpose, a wave equation for the ion wakefield in the presence of the ponderomotive force of the electromagnetic waves is obtained. Choosing a typical profile for the electromagnetic pulse, the form of the ion wakefields is deduced. The electromagnetic wave-generated ion wakefields can trap protons and accelerate them to high energies in dense plasmas.
Partition Literature: A Study of Intiār Ḥusain
Authors: Memon Muhammad Umar 
Published: November 2008

In an interview given in July 1974, Intiz̤ār Ḥusain, one of the most perceptive creative writers of Pakistan, had this to say about the experience of migration that was the direct outcome of the Partition of India in 1947:A decade ago when I was talking about the experience of migration and the articles I wrote concerning it, I was in a state of great hope and optimism. It was then my feeling that in the process of the Partition we had sudenly, almost by accident, regained a lost, great experience—namely, the experience of migration, hijrat, which has a place all its own in the history of the Muslims—and that it will give us a lot. But today, after our political ups and downs, I find myself in a different mood. Now I feel that sometimes a great experience comes to be lost to a nation; often nations forget their history. I do not mean that a nation does, or has to, keep its history alive in its memory in every period. There also comes a time when a nation completely forgets its past. So, that experience, I mean the experience of migration, is unfortunately lost to us and on us. And the great expectation that we had of making something out of it at a creative level and of exploiting it in developing a new consciousness and sensibility—that bright expectation has now faded and gone.