bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacement of Dietary Fish Oils by Alpha‐Linolenic Acid‐Rich Oils Lowers Omega 3 Content in Tilapia Flesh
Authors: Karapanagiotidis Ioannis T. , Bell Michael V. , Little David C. , Yakupitiyage Amararatne 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA 20‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine whether increasing linolenic acid (18:3n‐3) in vegetable oil (VO) based diets would lead to increased tissue deposition of 22:6n‐3 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were supplemented with 3% of either linseed oil (LO), a mixture of linseed oil with refined palm olein oil (PO) (LO–PO 2:1) and a mixture of refined palm olein oil with linseed oil (PO–LO 3:2) or with fish oil (FO) or corn oil (CO) as controls. The PO–LO, LO–PO and LO diets supplied a similar amount of 18:2n‐6 (0.5% of diet by dry weight) and 0.5, 0.7 and 1.1% of 18:3n‐3, respectively. Increased dietary 18:3n‐3 caused commensurate increases in longer‐chain n‐3 PUFA and decreases in longer‐chain n‐6 PUFA in the muscle lipids of tilapia. However, the biosynthetic activities of fish fed the LO‐based diets were not sufficient to raise the tissue concentrations of 20:5n‐3, 22:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 to those of fish fed FO. The study suggests that tilapia (O. niloticus) has a limited capacity to synthesise 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 from dietary 18:3n‐3. The replacement of FO in the diet of farmed tilapia with vegetable oils could therefore lower tissue concentrations of 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3, and consequently produce an aquaculture product of lower lipid nutritional value for the consumer.
Self‐reported reactive and regulative temperament in early adolescence: Relations to internalizing and externalizing problem behavior and “Big Three” personality factors
Authors: Muris Peter , Meesters Cor , Blijlevens Pim 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe present study examined the relations between self‐reported reactive and regulative temperament factors and psychopathological symptoms and personality traits in a group of non‐clinical youths aged 9–13 years (N=208). Results showed that the reactive temperament factor of negative affectivity was positively associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, whereas the regulative temperament factor of effortful control was negatively related to such symptoms. Further analyses provided some support for the notion that in particular the combination of high negative affectivity and low effortful control was associated with high symptom levels. Results also revealed specific relations between lower‐order temperament traits and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. That is, fear and (low) attention control appeared to be more clearly associated with internalizing symptoms, whereas anger/frustration and (low) activation and inhibitory control were more convincingly linked to externalizing symptoms. Finally, relations with the “Big Three” personality traits were as anticipated, with high positive correlations between negative affectivity and extraversion/surgency and their Eysenckian counterparts of neuroticism and extraversion, respectively.
Influence of cardiac resynchronisation therapy on different types of sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Oldenburg Olaf , Faber Lothar , Vogt Jürgen , Dorszewski Anja , Szabados Florian , Horstkotte Dieter , Lamp Barbara 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAimsThis study investigates the influence of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) on sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with severe heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsSeventy‐seven patients with HF (19 females; 62.6±10 years) eligible for CRT were screened for presence, type, and severity of SDB before and after CRT initiation (5.3±3 months) using cardiorespiratory polygraphy. NYHA class, frequency of nycturia, cardiopulmonary exercise, 6‐minute walking test results, and echocardiography parameters were obtained at baseline and follow‐up.Central sleep apnoea (CSA) was documented in 36 (47%), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in 26 (34%), and no SDB in 15 (19%) patients. CRT improved clinical and haemodynamic parameters. SDB parameters improved in CSA patients only (apnoea hypopnoea index: 31.2±15.5 to 17.3±13.7/h, p<0.001; SaO2min: 81.8±6.6 to 84.8±3.3%, p=0.02, desaturation: 6.5±2.3 to 5.5±0.8%, p=0.004). Daytime capillary pCO2 was significantly lower in CSA patients compared to those without SDB with a trend towards increase with CRT (35.5±4.2 to 37.9±5.7 mm Hg, ns). After classifying short term clinical and haemodynamic CRT effects, improved SDB parameters in CSA occurred in responders only.ConclusionsIn patients with severe HF eligible for CRT, CSA is common and can be influenced by CRT, this improvement depends on good clinical and haemodynamic response to CRT.
Reducing maternal mortality due to elective abortion: Potential impact of misoprostol in low‐resource settings
Authors: Harper C.C. , Blanchard K. , Grossman D. , Henderson J.T. , Darney P.D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOver 99% of deaths due to abortion occur in developing countries. Maternal deaths due to abortion are preventable. Increasing the use of misoprostol for elective abortion could have a notable impact on maternal mortality due to abortion. As a test of this hypothesis, this study estimated the reduction in maternal deaths due to abortion in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The estimates were adjusted to changes in assumptions, yielding different possible scenarios of low and high estimates. This simple modeling exercise demonstrated that increased use of misoprostol, an option for pregnancy termination already available to many women in developing countries, could significantly reduce mortality due to abortion. Empirical testing of the hypothesis with data collected from developing countries could help to inform and improve the use of misoprostol in those settings.
Market switching in shipping — A real option model applied to the valuation of combination carriers
Authors: Sødal Sigbjørn , Koekebakker Steen , Aadland Roar 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper derives a real options model of flexibility and applies it to shipping, valuing the option to switch between the dry bulk market and wet bulk market for a combination carrier, a ship type that is capable of operating in both markets but that has fallen out of favor due to high price tags. The model is a mean‐reverting (Ornstein–Uhlenbeck) version of a standard entry–exit model with stochastic prices. A closed form solution for the value of flexibility is derived, expressed in terms of Kummer functions. The estimated value of flexibility is related to historical price differentials between combination carriers and oil tankers of comparable size. Based on numerical experiments it is concluded that new combination carriers may enter the market in the near future.
Influence of pressure release rate and protein concentration on the formation of pressure-induced casein structures
Authors: Merel-Rausch Eva , Kulozik Ulrich , Hinrichs Jörg 
Published: April 2007

The formation of pressure-induced casein structures (600 MPa for 30 min at 30°C) was investigated for different pressure release rates (20 to 600 MPa min−1) and casein contents (1 to 15 g/100 ml). Structures from liquid (sol) to solid (gel) were observed. The higher the protein content and the pressure release rate, the higher was the dynamic viscosity. A firm gel was built up at a casein content of 7 g/100 ml for a pressure release rate of 600 MPa min−1, while lower release rates resulted in less firm gels (200 MPa min−1) or liquid structures (20 MPa min−1). In a 5 g/100 ml casein solution and at a pressure release rate of 600 MPa min−1, casein aggregates were generated which were built from smaller casein particles with a larger hydrodynamic diameter and higher voluminosity than in the untreated solution. After a slow release rate casein micelles had a smaller hydrodynamic diameter and a lower voluminosity, but were similar in shape and diameter as compared with the micelles in solution before high pressure treatment.
Effects of intravenous triacylglycerol emulsions on lymphocyte responses to mitogens in fasted dairy cows undergoing intense lipomobilization
Authors: Lacetera Nicola , Scalia Daniela , Mashek Dough G , Bernabucci Umberto , Grummer Ric R 
Published: April 2007

The objective of the study was to assess the effects of intravenous infusion of triacylglycerol (TAG) emulsions derived from different lipid sources on responses to mitogens of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from fasted dairy cows. Six multiparous, non-pregnant, non-lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3×3 Latin Square design. For 4 d, cows were fasted and infused intravenously with a 20% TAG emulsions derived from tallow (TA), linseed oil (LO) or fish oil (FO). Fasting was employed to induce energy deficit and lipid mobilization. Emulsions were administered for 20 to 30 min every 4 h throughout the 4 d fast at a rate of 0·54 g TAG/kg BW/d. Blood samples were taken before the first infusion, and then every 24 h during the fast. Blood was utilized to assess DNA synthesis, IgM and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion by PBMC stimulated with mitogens. In TA infused cows there was a decline of PBMC ability to respond to mitogens, which was significant 48 h after initiation of the infusion period for DNA synthesis and IFN-γ secretion. In LO or FO infused cows, PBMC responses to mitogens were not altered during the infusion period, and in some cases PBMC responses to mitogen was improved at 72 and 96 h after initiation of treatments. Effects of TAG infusion on PBMC responses to mitogens depended on the lipid source suggesting that LO or FO can attenuate the negative effects of fasting on immune functions.
Anterior fracture dislocation of the odontoid peg in ankylosing spondylitis as a cause for rhinolalia clausa: a case study
Authors: Hilton J M , Tassone P , Hanif J , Blagnys B 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe present an unusual cause of rhinolalia clausa secondary to an oropharyngeal mass. A 69-year-old male presented to the otorhinolaryngology clinic with a one year history of a ‘plummy’ voice. He had a longstanding history of severe ankylosing spondylitis. Examination revealed an obvious hyponasal voice and a smooth hard mass in the midline of the posterior nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal walls. Subsequent computed tomography scans and lateral plain neck X-ray showed a fracture dislocation of the odontoid peg, secondary to ankylosing spondylitis, which had eroded through the body of the C1 vertebra to lie anteriorly, resulting in the aforementioned impression into the pharyngeal mucosa. The radiological images, the role of the nasal airways in phonation and the causes of hyponasal speech are discussed.
Scleroderma and radiotherapy as part of the treatment of breast carcinoma: Six cases and a short critical review of the literature
Authors: Kirova Youlia M. , Bollet Marc A. , Dys Isabelle , Campana Francois , Laki Fatima , Dendale Remi , Salmon Remy , Fourquet Alain 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurpose: To add six new cases to the literature and to determine whether women with pre-existing scleroderma have an increased incidence of complications after breast-conserving therapy.Methods and Materials: From 1995 to 2005, nine patients with pre-existing scleroderma were treated for their breast cancer at the Institute Curie. Six of them underwent radiotherapy. The patients who underwent radiotherapy were irradiated using high-energy photons of a cobalt unit and/or linear accelerator, either before or after surgery, or were exclusively treated using radiation therapy. The early and late skin reactions have been evaluated using the Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria (RTOG) and Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Scheme (RTOG, EORTC).Results: Median follow-up of the six irradiated patients was 34 months (range from 10 to 120 months). Early reactions were as follows: grade 1 in two cases, grade 2 in two cases, and grade 3 in two cases. Late toxicity was as follows: grade 0 in three patients, currently at 56, 48, and 12 months of follow-up; grade 1, slight atrophy, in two patients; grade 3 reaction with marked atrophy in one patient, followed up for 120 months now. There was no toxicity worse than grade 3 in these series.Conclusions: This small study cannot provide evidence that scleroderma increases the risk of developing early and late toxicity. Patients with scleroderma must be discussed in multidisciplinary meetings to adapt their treatment to their rheumatologic history. When radiotherapy is considered, more attention must be paid to the protection of normal tissues. Careful follow-up during and after the radiation therapy remains of paramount importance in this specific population of patients.
Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated
Authors: Gillman P K 
Published: April 2007

New data on the pharmacology of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), their affinities for human cloned CNS receptors and their cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition profiles, allow improved deductions concerning their effects and interactions and indicate which of the TCAs are the most useful. The relative toxicity of TCAs continues to be more precisely defined, as do TCA interactions with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). TCA interactions with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) have been, historically, an uncertain and difficult question, but are now well understood, although this is not reflected in the literature. The data indicate that nortriptyline and desipramine have the most pharmacologically desirable characteristics as noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), and as drugs with few interactions that are also safe when coadministered with either MAOIs or SSRIs. Clomipramine is the only available antidepressant drug that has good evidence of clinically relevant serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition (SNRI). These data assist drug selection for monotherapy and combination therapy and predict reliably how and why pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions occur. In comparison, two newer drugs proposed to have SNRI properties, duloxetine and venlafaxine, may have insufficient NRI potency to be effective SNRIs. Combinations such as sertraline and nortriptyline may therefore offer advantages over drugs like venlafaxine that have fixed ratios of SRI/NRI effects that are not ideal. However, no TCA/SSRI combination is sufficiently safe to be universally applicable without expert knowledge. Standard texts (e.g. the British National Formulary) and treatment guidelines would benefit by taking account of these new data and understandings.British Journal of Pharmacology(2007)151, 737–748; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707253
Chemokines and their receptors as potential targets for the treatment of asthma
Authors: Palmqvist C , Wardlaw A J , Bradding P 
Published: April 2007

Asthma is a chronic and sometimes fatal disease, which affects people of all ages throughout the world. Important hallmarks of asthma are airway inflammation and remodelling, with associated bronchial hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow obstruction. These features are orchestrated by cells of both the innate (eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells) and the adaptive (TH2 T cells) immune system, in concert with structural airway cells. Chemokines are important for the recruitment of both immune and structural cells to the lung, and also for their microlocalisation within the lung tissue. Specific blockade of the responses elicited by chemokines and chemokine receptors responsible for the pathological migration of airway cells could therefore be of great therapeutic interest for the treatment of asthma.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 725–736; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707263
Effect of two active compounds obtained from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea on the acute inflammatory responses elicited by LPS in the rat paw
Authors: Medeiros R , Passos G F , Vitor C E , Koepp J , Mazzuco T L , Pianowski L F , Campos M M , Calixto J B 
Published: April 2007

Background and purpose:α‐Humulene and trans‐caryophyllene are sesquiterpene compounds identified in the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea which display topical and systemic anti‐inflammatory effects in different experimental models. However, the molecular mechanisms through which they exert their anti‐inflammatory activity still remain unclear. Here, we evaluate the effects of α‐humulene and trans‐caryophyllene on the acute inflammatory responses elicited by LPS.Experimental approach:The biological activities of α‐humulene and trans‐caryophyllene were investigated in a model of acute inflammation in rat paw, induced by LPS and characterized by paw oedema, neutrophil recruitment, cytokine production, activation of MAP kinases and NF‐κB and up‐regulated expression of kinin B1 receptors.Key results:Treatment with either α‐humulene or trans‐caryophyllene effectively reduced neutrophil migration and activation of NF‐κB induced by LPS in the rat paw. However, only α‐humulene significantly reduced the increase in TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels, paw oedema and the up‐regulation of B1 receptors following treatment with LPS. Both compounds failed to interfere with the activation of the MAP kinases, ERK, p38 and JNK.Conclusions and Implications:Both α‐humulene and trans‐caryophyllene inhibit the LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation and neutrophil migration, although only α‐humulene had the ability to prevent the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐1β and the in vivo up‐regulation of kinin B1 receptors. These data provide additional molecular and functional insights into the beneficial effects of the sesquiterpenes α‐humulene and trans‐caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea as agents for the management of inflammatory diseases.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 618–627; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707270
Mutations within the FGF5 gene are associated with hair length in cats
Authors: Drögemüller C. , Rüfenacht S. , Wichert B. , Leeb T. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryHereditary hair length variability in mice and dogs is caused by mutations within the fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feline FGF5 orthologue as a functional candidate gene for the long hair phenotype in cats, which is recessive to short hair. We amplified the feline FGF5 cDNA and characterised two alternatively spliced transcripts by RT‐PCR. Comparative cDNA and genomic DNA sequencing of long‐ and short‐haired cats revealed four non‐synonymous polymorphisms in the FGF5 coding sequence. A missense mutation (AM412646:c.194C>A) was found in the homozygous state in 25 long‐haired Somali, Persian, Maine Coon, Ragdoll and crossbred cats. Fifty‐five short‐haired cats had zero or one copy of this allele. Additionally, we found perfect co‐segregation of the c.194C>A mutation within two independent pedigrees segregating for hair length. A second FGF5 exon 1 missense mutation (AM412646:c.182T>A) was found exclusively in long‐haired Norwegian Forest cats. The c.182T>A mutation probably represents a second FGF5 mutation responsible for long hair in cats. In addition to the c.194C>A mutation, a frameshift mutation (AM412646:c.474delT) was found with a high frequency in the long‐haired Maine Coon breed. Finally, a missense mutation (AM412646:c.475A>C) was also associated with the long‐haired phenotype in some breeds. However, as one short‐haired cat was homozygous for this polymorphism, it is unlikely that it has a functional role in the determination of hair length.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms for pig identification and parentage exclusion
Authors: Rohrer G. A. , Freking B. A. , Nonneman D. 
Published: April 2007

SummarySingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have become an important type of marker for commercial diagnostic and parentage genotyping applications as automated genotyping systems have been developed that yield accurate genotypes. Unfortunately, allele frequencies for public SNP markers in commercial pig populations have not been available. To fulfil this need, SNP markers previously mapped in the USMARC swine reference population were tested in a panel of 155 boars that were representative of US purebred Duroc, Hampshire, Landrace and Yorkshire populations. Multiplex assay groups of 5–7 SNP assays/group were designed and genotypes were determined using Sequenom's massarray® system. Of 80 SNPs that were evaluated, 60 SNPs with minor allele frequencies >0.15 were selected for the final panel of markers. Overall identity power across breeds was 4.6 × 10−23, but within‐breed values ranged from 4.3 × 10−14 (Hampshire) to 2.6 × 10−22 (Yorkshire). Parentage exclusion probability with only one sampled parent was 0.9974 (all data) and ranged from 0.9594 (Hampshire) to 0.9963 (Yorkshire) within breeds. Sire exclusion probability when the dam's genotype was known was 0.99998 (all data) and ranged from 0.99868 (Hampshire) to 0.99997 (Yorkshire) within breeds. Power of exclusion was compared between the 60 SNP and 10 microsatellite markers. The parental exclusion probabilities for SNP and microsatellite marker panels were similar, but the SNP panel was much more sensitive for individual identification. This panel of SNP markers is theoretically sufficient for individual identification of any pig in the world and is publicly available.
Successful treatment of thrombotic microangiopathy after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with rituximab
Authors: Au Wing‐Yan , Ma Edmond S. , Lee Tsz‐Leung , Ha Shau‐Yin , Fung Alvin T. , Lie Albert K. W. , Kwong Yok‐Lam 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a grave complication after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and effective treatment is undefined. Five patients with postHSCT TMA, which was refractory to at least 1 week of plasma exchange and prednisolone, were treated with rituximab (375 mg/m2/week × 4). Remission was achieved in four patients, of whom three remained in remission and one had died of sepsis at a median follow‐up of 10 months. ADAMTS13 levels were low in all evaluable patients, and only one patient showed significant anti‐ADAMTS13 antibody. The levels of ADAMTS13 and anti‐ADAMTS13 antibody did not change significantly with rituximab‐induced remission.
Absolute lymphocyte count predicts therapeutic efficacy of rituximab therapy in follicular lymphomas
Authors: Behl Deepti , Ristow Kay , Markovic Svetomir N. , Witzig Thomas E. , Habermann Thomas M. , Colgan Joseph P. , Inwards David J. , White William L. , Ansell Stephen M. , Micallef Ivana N. , Johnston Patrick B. , Porrata Luis F. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe immunologic mechanisms of action of rituximab include complement mediated lysis and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We hypothesised that a stronger host immune system prior to rituximab therapy for follicular (grades 1and 2) lymphomas (FL) would result in better response rates and longer time to progression (TTP). Thus, we studied the role of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) prior to rituximab therapy on treatment efficacy and TTP in FL patients. Between 1996 and 2002, 79 FL patients were treated with single agent rituximab during their lymphoma treatment at the Mayo Clinic. The median age of the cohort was 56·6 years (range: 25–98 years). The median TTP was 12·5 months (range: 1–76 months). Superior TTP was observed with an ALC ≥0·89 × 109/l (n = 40) compared with an ALC <0·89 × 109/l (n = 39) at the time of rituximab therapy (median: 36·5 vs. 8·1 months, respectively,P < 0·0009). Higher complete response rates were observed in the ALC ≥0·89 × 109/l (23/40, 58%) compared with the ALC <0·89 × 109/l (5/39, 13%) (P < 0·0001). Multivariate analysis showed ALC to be an independent predictor for TTP. This study supports our hypothesis that a higher ALC predicts longer TTP following rituximab therapy.