bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should we use criteria or eyeballing to reject post‐interruption tracings?
Authors: Veugelers Rebekka , Penning Corine , Grootscholten Stefan P.J. , Merkus Peter J.F.M. , Arets Hubertus G.M. , Rieken Rob , Brussee Jessica E. , Jilderda‐Janssen Mayke , Tibboel Dick , Evenhuis Heleen M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDuring the analysis of interrupter resistance (Rint)‐measurements, most authors reject post‐interruption tracings based on the shape of the pressure‐time and flow‐time curves. However, objective criteria for rejection are lacking. We aimed to formulate explicit rejection criteria that correspond to eyeballing the curve pattern (daily practice), in order to simplify the analysis. Inter‐observer agreement within and between both methods was studied. Results obtained with the developed rejection criteria were compared to those of current practice (eyeballing) using 54 measurements (807 interruptions) of children with severe neurological impairment. Inter‐observer agreement on rejection was similar using the criteria or eyeballing (85.6% vs. 82.8%). Using the criteria, more individual interruptions were rejected (43.4% vs. 29.8% using eyeballing), while discarding total measurements (<5 remaining interruptions) was similar (9.2% vs. 7.4% using eyeballing). Results using only the criteria for pressure‐time curves were comparable to eyeballing. Outcome values were comparable between any of the used rejection methods and not rejecting at all. In this first detailed study on rejection of post‐interruption tracings, explicit rejection criteria were developed. None of the rejection methods influenced the outcome value relevantly. However, rejection criteria can contribute to the standardization of the Rint technique and simplify decision‐making in daily practice. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:937–946. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of transient tachypnea of the newborn and childhood asthma
Authors: Birnkrant David J. , Picone Charlene , Markowitz Wendy , El Khwad Mohammed , Shen Wen Hsin , Tafari Nebiat 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective:To determine if transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is independently associated with childhood asthma.Methods:The sampling frame was a computerized database on 18,379 term infants born between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 2000 in an urban tertiary care hospital. This was a case‐control study nested in a cohort of all term newborns who were subsequently diagnosed with asthma (n = 2137) and a similar number of birthday‐matched controls. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code was used to identify the infants with TTN and those who developed asthma. Logistic regression was used to adjust for potentially confounding variables. Stratified multivariate analysis was undertaken on subgroups to assess possible effect modification by factors known to influence the incidence of asthma: race, gender, domicile, and maternal asthma.Results:After adjustment for potential confounding, TTN was significantly associated with the diagnosis of childhood asthma (adjusted OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–1.99; P = 0.0052). The association of TTN and asthma was statistically strongest among male infants, especially among males whose mothers lived at an urban address, males of non‐white race, and males whose mothers did not have asthma. The pattern of association of TTN and asthma was similar for infants diagnosed with asthma once compared with those diagnosed with asthma recurrently.Conclusion:TTN was independently and significantly associated with the subsequent diagnosis of childhood asthma, especially among male infants. TTN may be a marker of deficient pulmonary function reflecting inherited susceptibility to asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:978–984. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of a hand‐held exhaled nitric oxide analyzer for use in children
Authors: McGill Claire , Malik Gulshan , Turner Stephen W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMeasurements of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) may be useful in the diagnosis and management of asthma in children. A new hand‐held device (MINO®, Aerocrine) for measuring FENO has been marketed but has not been validated in a pediatric population. The objective is to validate the MINO® against the NIOX® analyzer. This was a randomized cross‐over study where FENO was measured in a single assessment using the MINO® and NIOX®. Children were recruited from a respiratory clinic and had six attempts to provide a FENO measurement with each analyzer. Fifty‐five children were enrolled, 33 boys, median age 9 years. A mean FENO value was obtained in 39 children with MINO® and 44 with NIOX®. Paired mean FENO values were obtained in 34 children and the values were higher for the NIOX® (mean difference 3.9 ppb limits of agreement −1.1, 8.9). The differences between analyzers became greater at higher FENO values. The first FENO value using the MINO® was 24 ppb and the mean of all FENO values using the MINO® was 27 ppb (difference not significant). Exhaled NO values were comparable between the two analyzers although there was greater consistency at lower values. The findings of the study do not contradict the manufacturer's recommendation that only one FENO value is required with the MINO®, however, we suggest that the mean of at least two values should be reported in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1053–1057. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coupling of the electronic band structure with Ag phonon modes in Y123 and Y124 systems
Authors: Khosroabadi H. , Mossalla B. , Akhavan M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAb initio frozen‐phonon calculations have been performed for k = 0 Ag Raman modes of two superconducting systems Y123 and Y124. We have used the local density approximation pseudopotential method in our calculations by VASP code. Results have been compared with other computational and experimental data for similar systems. Then we present changes of electronic band structure with the change of ionic positions in each Ag mode for both systems. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrafast photoresponse of superconductor/ferromagnet Nb/NiCu heterostructures
Authors: Pepe Giovanni Piero , Amanti Maria , De Lisio Corrado , Latempa Rossella , Marrocco Nicola , Parlato Loredana , Peluso Giuseppe , Barone Antonio , Sobolewski Roman , Taneda Takahiro 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report on femtosecond optical pump‐probe studies of proximized ferromagnet/superconductor (F/S) hybrids, consisting of Ni0.5Cu0.5 layers deposited on top of Nb films. The weak ferromagnetic nature of the completely proximised Ni0.5Cu0.5 film makes possible to observe the dynamics of the nonequilibrium superconductivity through the near‐surface optical reflectivity change measurements. The time‐resolved photoresponse transient of the NiCu(21 nm)/Nb bilayer in the superconducting state shows strongly suppressed slow bolometric component. The fast relaxation time is also discussed accordingly to current theories on S/F heterostructures. The proposed S/F nanobilayers represent a new, artificially designed superconductor with the features (sub‐picosecond photoresponse with suppressed bolometric component) very desirable for superconducting photodetectors and photon counters. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fluctuation conductivity analysis on the Bi‐based superconductors processed under same conditions
Authors: Ben Azzouz F. , Zouaoui M. , Annabi M. , Ben Salem M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report electrical conductivity fluctuation measurements on different Bismuth‐based granular samples synthesized under same processing conditions.Using the fluctuation conductivity Δσ as a function of the reduced temperature ϵ in the range –7 < ln ϵ < 1, we identified Gaussian and critical fluctuation conductivity in (Bi,Pb)‐2223 and Bi‐2212 samples. Within the mean field region, samples show predominately two dimensional (2D) behaviour with exponent λ = –1. Closer to critical temperature T C, we have observed a crossover of λ from –2/3 to –1/3 in the critical region. The obtained exponents are consistent with 3D‐XY model predictions. The regime with the critical exponent –2/3 is dominate in the case of (Bi,Pb)‐2223 sample. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interplay of electron–phonon and Coulomb interaction in semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Förstner J. , Knorr A. , Moloney J. V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe cover picture of this issue of physica status solidi (c) has been taken from the article [1]. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of hybrid density functional, Hartree–Fock, and GW calculations on NiO
Authors: Patterson C. H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe electronic band structure of NiO in the ferromagnetic state is calculated using the B3LYP hybrid density functional, the Hartree–Fock (HF) method, and the GW approximation (GWA) with dielectric functions constructed using either B3LYP or HF wave functions and energy eigenvalues. The band structure from the GWA calculation based on B3LYP wave functions is quite similar to the parent B3LYP band structure; the main differences are in valence bandwidth and in the upward shift of the empty minority spin Ni 3d bands relative to the same bands in the B3LYP calculation. The band structure from the GWA calculation based on HF wave functions differs in that there are large upward shifts in valence band positions in the GWA calculation relative to the HF calculation, which result from screening of the bare exchange term in the Fock operator. Matrix elements of the HF exchange operator are obtained using wave functions from self‐consistent HF or B3LYP calculations. Magnitudes of these matrix elements for several states at the Γ point of the Brillouin zone are compared, and it is found that the only major difference occurs in the empty minority spin bands derived from Ni 3d states of e symmetry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Conformational studies of 3‐hexyne
Authors: Churchill Geoffrey B. , Wiberg Kenneth B. , Bohn Robert K. , Michels H. Harvey 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe microwave spectrum of 3‐hexyne has recently been observed and can be assigned unambiguously to a syn‐eclipsed C2v conformation. Owing to its nonpolar nature, a trans‐conformer (C2h) would not be observable in microwave studies. A gauche conformer (C2), which would exhibit tunneling splittings because there are two equivalent structures corresponding to a torsional angle of ±τ, was also not experimentally observed. In the present study, we determine whether computational studies can be carried out with sufficient accuracy to support these experimental observations. The torsional barrier to rotation in this molecule is expected to be of the order of 10–20 cal/mol, similar to that observed in 2‐butyne. This very low barrier offers a significant computational challenge. In an attempt to find a rigorous explanation for the observed stability of the C2v conformer, ab initio calculations were carried out at the Hartree–Fock (HF) and second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2) levels of theory with several basis sets, ranging from 6‐311+G(d,p) to aug‐cc‐pVQZ. We find that the calculated potential energy surface for 3‐hexyne is extremely flat for variation of the torsional angle. The relative stability of the conformers of 3‐hexyne is quite dependent on the size of the basis set and tight convergence criteria must be used in the search for stable minima. Stable structures of nearly identical energy were found for the syn‐eclipsed C2v conformation and a gauche C2 structure. The trans‐C2h structure is found to be a transition state for the basis sets that were used in this study. The C2v structure has the lowest calculated energy using the aug‐cc‐pVQZ basis, in agreement with experiment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Decoherence of a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state in a five‐qubit NMR quantum computer
Authors: Kawamura Minaru , Morimoto Takuji , Mori Yoshiyuki , Sawae Ryuichi , Takarabe Kenichi , Manmoto Yoshinori 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis work provides a simple approximate method of creating a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state with high fidelity, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, and reports on the decoherence process for these GHZ states, which is observed with a pair of encoder and decoder quantum circuits. The prepared GHZ states are verified by measuring the quantum correlations, which are well known as GHZ correlations. The results of the decoherence experiments, show that the GHZ states decay faster than bipartite entangled states such as Bell states by a factor of 1.3, and it appears that two different decoherence processes exist. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Detection of new fumonisin mycotoxins and fumonisin‐like compounds by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Bartók Tibor , Szécsi Árpád , Szekeres András , Mesterházy Ákos , Bartók Mihály 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFumonisins were produced in a rice culture infected with Fusarium verticillioides. To decrease the possibility of the formation of artifacts, the fumonisins were analyzed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (RP‐HPLC/ESI‐IT‐MS2) immediately after the extraction of the culture material without any sample clean‐up. In addition to already known fumonisins, numerous new fumonisin mycotoxins and fumonisin‐like compounds were detected. On the basis of the IT‐MS2 data, detailed fragmentation pathways including new mechanisms were proposed for the different series of fumonisins. The retention times, the masses of the protonated molecules and of the product ions including the backbones and the characteristic neutral mass losses from the protonated molecules of the new compounds suggested their structures (applying the well‐known designation): iso‐FA1a,b, iso‐FB1a–d, iso‐FB2,3a–e, PHFB2a–c, PHFB4a–d, FB5/iso‐FB5a–d, FBK1 2TCA, FBK4 2TCA, FC2, iso‐FC2,3, PHFC4, FD and FBX series. The relative quantities of fumonisins and fumonisin‐like compounds found in the sample extract were expressed as percentages of FB1 (0.02–100%). The backbone of the compound denoted FD contained fewer carbon atoms than the well‐known fumonisins with the C19 or C20 backbone and may well be a precursor of the longer compounds. For the compounds denoted FBX (12 compounds), one or two OH groups attached to the fumonisin backbone were esterified by carboxylic acids other than tricarballylic acid, such as cis‐aconitic acid, oxalylsuccinic acid and oxalylfumaric acid. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring contact pressure distributions under elastohydrodynamic point contacts
Authors: Johns‐Rahnejat P. M. , Gohar R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCircular point contact EHD pressure distributions were investigated under various operating conditions using a thin film piezo‐resistive pressure transducer. A series of controlled experiments, in which the active element of the transducer is positioned at various contact cross‐sections, was carried out. The results are analysed and presented in the form of isobars. The pressure distribution closely describes the Hertzian pressure profile with a secondary pressure peak appearing prior to and near the exit constriction.
Studies on the shear stability of macromolecular additives by size exclusion chromatography
Authors: Florea M. , Luca Paula , Balliu S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFactors affecting the mechanical stability of polyalkylmethacrylate type additives are comparatively examined for different shear degradation test methods and routine engine service, taking into account rheological and size exclusion chromatography data. The shear test methods are assessed regarding the MWD of the degraded additives.The extent of degradation of macromolecular additives and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the degraded products depend on the nature and extent of shear stress, average molecular weight, MWD, chemical structure, nature of the base oil and temperature. The shape of the MWD of the sonicated and automotive service subject additives was found to be similar, unlike that of the additives sheared by the diesel injector method. These are narrower and more dependent on the initial MWD of the additive, especially in the case of the additives with broader MWD. A shear test that better correlates with service has to take into account not only the control of shear stress, by appropriate calibration, but also a suitable degradation mechanism.
On the influence of test parameters on friction and wear of ceramics in oscillating sliding contacts
Authors: Klaffke Dieter 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe tribological behaviour of different ceramics in contact with steel was studied for the case of oscillating sliding motion with a ball‐on‐disc apparatus. The influence of several test condition parameters was investigated by a systematic variation of the stroke, frequency, and normal load at room temperature in laboratory air at different levels of relative humidity. Each of the four parameters was varied in three stages. While the coefficient of friction was only mildly influenced by the operational variables, the coefficient of wear showed great variations and depended strongly on the humidity of the surrounding air. The effect of the operational variables and of the humidity on friction and wear varied for the different materials under investigation.
An accelerated simulation test apparatus for evaluating elevated temperature erosion‐corrosion behaviour of iron and steel in gas‐solid flows
Authors: Shaoguang Liu , Ping Wang , Daoyuan Wang , Jiubang Chen , Qingmei Zen , Xingcheng Guo , Delin Shu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper introduces an accelerated simulating test apparatus for evaluating high temperature erosion‐corrosion behaviour of iron and steel in gas‐solid flows. This device is designed to investigate the high‐temperature erosion‐corrosion properties of materials and to optimise anti‐erosion‐corrosion measures for iron and steel parts. It simulates the working conditions of the pipes in an economiser. We have shortened the test duration by increasing the density of abrasive particles in the fluids. The test set up is composed of six main parts, including the blowing system, heating system, feeder/mixer, erosion‐corrosion chamber, and loading system, the cooling system, and the control system. Four years' operation has shown that the repeatability for the experimental results is good. The SEMs of the worn surfaces of both specimens and actual pipes in the economiser show that they are consistent with each other. Four years' operation has shown that the test apparatus is characterised by reliability and good simulation ability. Both practical and theoretical research work can be done with this device.
High‐temperature erosion tests on materials for fluidized bed combustor heat‐exchanger tubes
Authors: Martinella R. , Menetti L. , Angelo D. D' 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn order to simulate and predict the erosion damage suffered by in‐bed tubes in fluidised bed combustors, dedicated test equipment was set up at CISE's tribology laboratory with ENEL S. p. A (Italian National Electricity Board) support. This erosion rig was used to test and characterise the behaviour of AISI 310, P9, and P22 steels, candidate materials for this type of heat‐exchanger tube. Tests were carried out at room temperature to characterise the erosion behaviour of these materials and at higher specimen (350°C and 500°C) and air (840°C) temperatures to simulate and characterise their behaviour in service. From this experimental work it turned out that, while at room temperature, the erosion behaviour of the three materials did not differ significantly, at high temperature P9 showed the best resistance in both test conditions and AISI 310 displayed an optimum behaviour at normal impact angles, but had the higher erosion rate at 30° impact angle.
An engineering theory and an experimental method for contaminant wear testing
Authors: Ruiqing Jia , Zhixin Xia , Hesheng Shao , Mingyun Zhang , Liangju Wang 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn engineering theory and experimental method for contaminant wear are proposed. By analysing the wear characteristics of hydraulic components, the contaminants' wear strength σm, wear factor ƒm, lubrication parameter λl, flexibility parameter λa, and material parameter λm, etc., can be defined. In addition, a new test apparatus, ‘MMU‐5’, that can be used for studying wear properties under lubrication conditions, is reported. The friction pair of the tester is composed of two ring specimens. The most important aspect of this tester is that the gap between the two specimens can be adjusted from 0 to 100 microns. Using the tester, parameters such as λl, λa, λm, and ƒm, are investigated experimentally. Finally, the application of the corresponding engineering theory is assessed.
Method of abrasive wear testing in comminution processes
Authors: Scieszka Stanislaw F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe abrasive wear properties of materials in sliding contact with solid mineral particles during a comminution process have been studied. The equipment used can simulate tribo‐conditions inside coal pulverisers. Using the experimental apparatus, a number of different materials have been tested and classified according to their resistance to abrasive wear in rubbing contact with particulate coal. The method and principles of three new rigs have been described in the previous paper (see p. 235).
Laboratory shearing tests for viscosity index improvers
Authors: Mortier Mieke 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe relative resistance of VI improvers to breakdown depends on internal structural parameters (chemical type, ratio of monomers, degree of branching) as well as on external factors (test type, duration, severity).Of the many bench tests available to screen shear stability, the 30 cycle CEC injector test is most commonly used for engine oils. Test duration, however, can significantly change the relative ranking of VI improver shear stability. While some polymers stabilise quickly, others continue to degrade when test duration is extended. Some polymers are also more susceptible to the severity of the shearing conditions encountered, e.g. in the FZG and the Tapered Bearing tests.It is therefore important to determine which test, and which set of conditions, will rank shear stability of different VI improver types in the same order as does the field.
Lubricant related factors controlling oil consumption in diesel engines
Authors: Van Dam W. , Kleiser W. M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOil consumption control in internal combustion engines is affected by both engine design and lubricant related factors. In an attempt to study the lubricant related factors, an oil consumption measurement engine test, using the Mercedes‐Benz OM 364A engine, was developed. The engine test data confirm the effects of viscosity and volatility. In addition, the results indicate that the selection of base oil and viscosity index modifier may have an effect on oil consumption which would not be predicted from the rheological properties of the oil.From various different engine tests, indications were obtained about a possible relationship between oil consumption and viscosity increase. A data search yielded results that confirm this correlation.