bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situational Analysis of Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram at One of the Districts of Gujarat
Authors: Shah Tejas , Prajapati Bipin , Shah Venu 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Rastriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) is a holistic approach implemented for betterment of adolescent health. Barriers in the implementation can be identified by conducting the situational analysis of any program. The present study is a part of the multi-centric study conducted at Sabarkantha district for situational analysis of RKSK. To assess the implementation of various components under RKSK at various levels of health facilities, 2) to identify the barriers faced by services providers in RKSK implementation, and 3) to identify the perception of beneficiaries regarding RKSK.

Materials and Methods:
A Cross-sectional study using a mixed method approach was conducted to review the implementation of the RKSK program at Sabarkantha district. In-depth interview of health personnel involved in implementation of RKSK was conducted using pre-structured and pre-tested interview guide. Ongoing sessions of Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics (AFHCs) were examined, and exit interview of adolescents was conducted. Adolescents residing within limits of the defined facility were also interviewed. Frequency and percentages were used for descriptive analysis, and a thematic qualitative analysis approach was used for qualitative aspects.

Results:
RKSK was implemented successfully at Primary Health Centers. Infrastructure for AFHC was inadequate particularly at higher care facilities. Weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) was successfully implemented in the district. Overall sessions conducted at AFHC were found to be satisfactory. Adolescents interviewed in the community were satisfied with the services delivered to them under RKSK.

Conclusion:
For better implementation of RKSK, there is a need to focus on certain issues such as inadequate infrastructure of AFHCs, the lack of trained counselors, unavailability of sanitary pads, and inadequate participation of adolescents from the community in availing RKSK services.
Cost-Effectiveness of mHealth Intervention (TeCHO+) for Improving Maternal and Child Health Indicators in Gujarat, India
Authors: Saha Somen , Pandya Apurvakumar , Raval Devang , Saxena Deepak 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Gujarat has implemented an mHealth program, technology for community health operations-plus (TeCHO+) in 2019. TeCHO+ is a mobile and web-based application that essentially enables data entry by the frontline workers providing service at the time and place of service delivery to improve the coverage and data quality. It also facilitates early identification of morbid condition and timely treatment. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of TeCHO+ program in Gujarat.

Materials and Methods:
The study compared key program outcome indicators before and after the launch of TeCHO+ program. As the program was launched across the State, eMamta, the previous version of mother and child tracking system was used for comparison. A decision tree was parameterized to estimate change in disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and cost as a result of implementing TeCHO+ from a health system perspective.

Results:
TeCHO+ incurred a cost of Rs. 2,624 per beneficiary against Rs. 1,075 per beneficiary under the previous eMamta program. TeCHO+ has resulted in significant DALY averted through early identification of high-risk cases both among pregnant women and children. Overall, cost-effectiveness analysis indicated that TeCHO+ incurred an incremental cost of Rs. 1802.84 per DALY averted, which is 1.19% of the GDP per capita of India (year 2020).

Conclusion:
This study concludes that TeCHO+ is cost-effective for mother and child care and can be considered for replicating.
Psychosocial Factors in Brain Infections Research in the Last Decade
Authors: Nair Vasundharaa S. , Thomas Priya Treesa , Netravathi M 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Brain infections are serious neurological events that require immediate care, with around 171 districts of 19 states in India reporting cases every year. Along with the biomedical factors, psychosocial factors of health (BPS) are influential in the outcomes of brain infections as well.

Materials and Methods:
A scoping review was conducted to understand the psychosocial factors explored in brain infections in the last decade. Articles focusing on social, psychological, public health factors, sequelae, and rehabilitation of inflammatory conditions, both pathogenic and autoimmune were covered. The search was conducted using keywords related to brain infections in electronic databases: PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Prisma-ScR guidelines were used to screen articles and the identified factors were categorized under eight psychosocial factors using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework of analysis.

Results:
From a total of 6012 documents retrieved, 11 articles met the criteria. Global burden associated with brain infections, disability and death, the vulnerable population at risk of developing brain infections, gaps in existing literature, pathways to care, mental health, cognitive difficulty associated with infections and their sequelae were the major psychosocial factors identified.

Conclusions:
The review focussed to understand the multitude of psychosocial factors causing delay and damage in brain infections in LMIC context. Along with biomedical factors, there exist several psychosocial factors that could potentially influence the outcome of treatment in brain infections. However, only few have been explored, suggesting the need for more studies to inform the care and sustainable interventions at the macro level to improve the outcomes and reduce the burden in brain infections.
The Efficiency of Anganwadi Centers Located in Rural Field Practice Area of a Medical College in North India
Authors: Sengar Mili , Kunwar Rajesh , Mishra Chandra Pati 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was launched in 1975 for the improvement in maternal and child health and nutrition. The services under ICDS are implemented through Anganwadi centers (AWCs) and are delivered by Anganwadi workers (AWWs) at grassroots level. To evaluate the efficiency of all AWCs located in the field practice area of the medical college in North India, using data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the catchment area of rural health training center. Each of the 15 AWCs was considered a decision-making unit (DMU), and physical structure and logistics were included as input variables; and percentage of beneficiaries receiving supplementary nutrition and health checkups were included as output variables. DEA technique was used to calculate the efficiency score for each DMU with the help of DEAOS free online software.

Results:
DMU 14th was found to be most efficient (100%) and DMU second was the least efficient (45%). DMU 13 and 14 demonstrated a level of performance that is superior to all other DMUs. DMU 13th and 14th were, therefore, considered 100% efficient. DEA analysis showed that total output increases and/or input reductions were required for making the inefficient DMUs efficient.

Conclusion:
Most of the AWCs were inefficient and an improvement in the infrastructure and logistics is likely to improve the efficiency of AWCs.
Micronutrient Deficiency in Pregnancy
Authors: Gopal Muthu , Sunitha K. , Arockiasamy J. , Sibqathulla Maryam Jamila , Yuvaraj J. , Kalyanaraman Shantaraman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Micronutrients play an important role in influencing pregnancy outcomes. Anemia is common among pregnant women against which iron and folic acid supplementation programs are already in action. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemic and selected micronutrient status among pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:
It is a community-based cross-sectional study. The study was carried out among pregnant women registered in Primary Health Center, Kallur, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India, using a semi-structured data capture tool. The blood samples were collected following standard procedure.

Results:
The micronutrient status among 139 pregnant women were selenium <1%, copper <1%, zinc 11.5%, iodine 14.4%, Vitamin B12 41.7%, and ferritin 42.4%. Vitamin B12, zinc, and selenium levels showed a significant difference with reference values among the three trimesters. Iron and folic acid supplementation was followed by 58.7% of pregnant women. Multiple micronutrient deficiency with anemia was found among 54.6%.

Conclusion:
Anemia and micronutrient deficiency are high among pregnant women in this region. Since iron and folic acid supplementation strategies are already being implemented by the government, it is high time that we extend our health policy beyond that and plan for micronutrient supplementation as well.
A Comparative Health Assessment of Occupationally Lead Exposed Individuals with Blood Lead Levels Range across Upper Acceptable Limit
Authors: Upadhyay Kuldip , Viramgami Ankit , Balachandar Rakesh , Pagdhune Avinash , Sen Somnath , Sarkar Kamalesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context:
Lead (Pb) smelting workers are exposed to high lead levels and its adverse health effects. Despite no biological role, regulatory bodies regard blood lead levels (BLL) ≤40 µg/dL as upper acceptable limit in occupationally lead exposed population.

Objective:
To explore the differences in general health status of individuals with BLL ≤40 µg/dL and >40 µg/dL.

Methods:
All workers (n = 803) of age >18 years employed in a Pb smelting plant were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain sociodemographics, occupational details, followed by detailed clinical examination. 5 ml of venous blood was collected and BLLs were determined as per standard NIOSH method using GF-AAS technic. A complete general health status was performed including hemoglobin and blood pressure (BP).

Results:
About 47.7% of the participants exhibited high BLL (>40 µg/dL), while the rest 52.3% were identified to have ≤40 µg/dL. Both groups were grossly similar in the majority of demographic and occupational parameters. Interestingly, both groups had substantially higher fraction of workers with elevated BP.

Conclusions:
Lead exposed workers with BLL ≤40 µg/dL are at equal risk of health hazards as those with BLL >40 µg/dL. There is a need to revisit the current guidelines on the BLL for workers to protect from the hazards of chronic lead exposure.
Tobacco Cessation Program among Cab Drivers in Mumbai, India
Authors: Mishra Gauravi Ashish , Pimple Sharmila A. , Kulkarni Vasundhara Y. , Gupta Subhadra D. , Mujmudar Parishi V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats, killing nearly seven million people annually. With implementation of smoke-free public places legislation, cabs in India are smoke free. However, large majority of cab drivers are addicted to tobacco.

Aims:
The objectives were to measure cab drivers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices about tobacco pre and post intervention, educate them regarding hazards of tobacco and need for smoke-free cabs, perform oral cancer screening, and provide assistance to quit tobacco.

Subjects and Methods:
This interventional study among cab drivers was conducted in Mumbai during 2015–2018. Different cab unions in Mumbai were contacted and 400 cab drivers were enrolled and interviewed. They were offered health education, oral cancer screening, and tobacco cessation assistance at regular intervals for 1 year.

Results:
About 63.8% of cab drivers used tobacco, mainly in smokeless forms. Almost 94.1% intended to quit, 66.3% had made previous quit attempts, and 69.8% expressed the need of assistance for quitting. One hundred and twelve cab drivers were diagnosed with oral precancers and one with oral carcinoma. About 49.4% of cab drivers quit tobacco and 46.7% reduced tobacco consumption at the end of 1 year. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, Muslim cab drivers were less likely to quit tobacco as compared to Hindus.

Conclusion:
Adherence to smoke-free laws plays a significant role in reducing exposure of cab drivers to secondhand smoke. This program demonstrates the successful implementation of tobacco cessation program that could be replicated among other workforces.
Comparative evaluation of smear layer removal by using different irrigant activation techniques: An in vitro scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Singla Munish , Kaur Harleen , Mittal Litik , Gupta Saloni , Joseph Mintu Maria 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This in vitro study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of different irrigation activation techniques in removing the smear layer from the root canal dentin using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 extracted single-rooted premolar with straight canal and mature apex were used for this study. After the selection of teeth, all the samples were decoronated followed by biomechanical preparation. The sample after preparation was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and randomly divided into three groups with 20 sample in each group (n = 20), (Group 1) control, (Group 2) ultrasonic, and (Group 3) laser. The irrigant activation was done in all the groups and then sample was prepared for the scanning electron microscope analysis.

Statistical Analysis:
The statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney-U-test.

Results:
The findings suggested that the diode laser irrigant activation technique was superior to the ultrasonic and conventional techniques to eradicate smear layers.

Conclusion:
With the limitation of this study, diode laser activation showed better cleaning of root dentinal walls compared to ultrasonic activator and traditional method.
Comparative evaluation of incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation using three different endodontic retreatment systems – An in vitro study
Authors: Aarthi S. , Sivakumar J. S. , Sivakumar A. Andamuthu , Soundappan J. Saravanapriyan , Chittrarasu M. , Jayanthi G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context:
Safe and efficient removal of all root filling materials from the root canal system without compromising radicular dentin structure is essential for optimal nonsurgical retreatment.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the incidence of dentinal defects caused during root canal filling removal using conventional, rotary, and reciprocating retreatment file systems.

Settings and Design:
A detailed protocol explaining purpose and procedures of the study was submitted to the Institutional Ethics Committee and ethical clearance obtained.

Subjects and Methods:
Sixty human maxillary permanent central incisors were collected and decoronated to 12-mm standardized length. The canals prepared up to a master apical file size F3 with Protaper hand files, obturated using AH plus sealer, examined under the stereomicroscope (×40 magnification): Group I: Control (n = 15), Group II: Conventional (n = 15), Group III: Protaper Universal Retreatment Files (n = 15), and Group IV: Reciproc Blue (n = 15). After instrumentation, teeth were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex to evaluate the presence of dentinal defects under the stereomicroscope.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistics were performed using the SPSS, version, 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Initially, normality test was done using the Shapiro–Wilk test and data were not normally distributed followed by Kruskal–Wallis test. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results:
Maximum percentage increase in dentinal defects was observed in Protaper Universal Retreatment Files followed by Conventional method and Reciproc Blue.

Conclusions:
Significantly Reciproc Blue reduced the incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation.
Evaluation of different mechanical cleaning protocols associated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in the removal of residues from the post space
Authors: Vitória Matheus Sousa , de Almeida Eran Nair Mesquita , Barros Antonia Patricia Oliveira , de Oliveira Eliane Cristina Gulin , Costa Joatan Lucas de Sousa Gomes , Dantas Andrea Abi Rached , Kuga Milton Carlos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of different mechanical protocols using rotary brush (RB), ultrasonic tip, and oscillatory system (OS) associated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in the removal of residues and dentin permeability in the cervical and apical segments of the post space.

Settings and Design:
Experimental in vitro study.

Methods:
Forty roots from human first molars were prepared and divided into four groups according to the cleaning protocols: Control (CO), NaOCl 2.5% conventional irrigation with a syringe; RB associated with NaOCl 2.5%; ultrasonic tip (US) associated with NaOCl 2.5%; OS associated with NaOCl 2.5%.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The persistence of residues was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and data submitted to Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests, and dentin permeability evaluated by confocal microscopy and date submitted to ANOVA one-way and Tukey’s tests (P = 0.05).

Results:
There were no differences in residue cleaning among the CO, RB, US, and OS groups, regardless of the analyzed root segment (P > 0.05). When comparing groups, dentin permeability in the CO group was significantly lower in the cervical segment (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The OS group promoted the highest permeability value in the apical segment. RB, US, and OS are similar in removing residues from the post space. However, OS results in higher dentin permeability in the apical segment.
Effect of herbal antioxidants on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel at different time intervals
Authors: Kamat Sharad , Malgundkar Nakul Hemantkumar , Gupta Divya , Kamat Mamata 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Anterior tooth discolorations can be treated conservatively and noninvasively through bleaching to achieve the desired esthetic outcomes. However, bleaching along with composite resin is advisable for certain clinical cases for optimum results. However, shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to the bleached tooth gets significantly lowered. Before placing the composite restoration, the bleached enamel needs to be treated with antioxidant agents to increase its SBS. The study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of herbal antioxidants on SBS of composite resin to bleached enamel at different time intervals.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty extracted single-rooted maxillary incisors postdecoronation, keeping their labial surfaces up were mounted in cold-cure acrylic resin. The samples were randomly divided into: Group I – unbleached; Group II – 10% pine bark extract for 10 min postbleaching; Group III – 10% pine bark extract for 20 min postbleaching; Group IV – application of 10% rosemary extract for 10 min postbleaching, Group V – application of 10% rosemary extract for 20 min postbleaching; Group VI – no application of antioxidant. 35% hydrogen peroxide was used for bleaching all the samples except those which served as negative control. Later composite cylinder 4 mm in diameter and length were built on prepared enamel. The maximum load at failure was recorded using the universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and Tukey’s t-test with significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
Highest load was exhibited by Group I. Group V showed satisfactory shear strength followed by Groups IV, III, II, and VI.

Conclusion:
Both 10% rosemary and 10% pine bark extracts showed better results when applied for 20 min as compared to 10 min application. Increased duration of antioxidant application increases the SBS.
Evaluation of the Training Program on Participatory Rural Appraisal Methods Targeting Undergraduate Medical Students from the First Professional Phase
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Rahayu Gandes Retno , Prihatiningsih Titi Savitri 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods have been acknowledged as important tools to involve members of the community in the process of identification of their problems, the factors contributing to the development of these problems, and ways by which these problems can be resolved.

Materials and Methods:
A quasi-experimental study will be conducted in two stages among first professional phase medical students. In the first stage, these students will be trained on PRA methods by the trained teachers, while in the second stage, these students will implement PRA methods in the local community. The entire training process and its different components will be evaluated using validated study tools (semi-structured questionnaire), which will be administered using Google Forms. The statistical analysis will be performed using frequency and percentages, and a paired t-test will be used to compare the change in knowledge before and after training.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, first professional phase medical students must be trained in PRA methods and subsequently supervised to monitor their change in behavior. However, as the success of the entire program will depend on the quality of training imparted to medical students, the training program must be evaluated from the perspective of students, community, and teachers.
Spontaneous large subperiosteal orbital hematoma in a patient with neuroblastoma
Authors: Ahmed Ali Y. , Alanazi Tariq A. , Alsuhaibani Adel H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
We present a case of spontaneous large subperiosteal orbital hematoma in a 2-year-old boy causing compressive optic neuropathy. On physical examination, he was found to have an abdominal mass. The patient underwent urgent drainage of the subperiosteal orbital hematoma along with a biopsy of the abdominal mass which confirmed the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Following surgery, proptosis, optic disc swelling, and afferent pupillary defect (APD) improved, and after one month of receiving two doses of chemotherapy, his general condition improved.