bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Lipids as Strong Determinants of Fetal Environment and Growth in Pregnancies With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Schaefer-Graf Ute M. , Graf Kristof , Kulbacka Irina , Kjos Siri L. , Dudenhausen Joachim , Vetter Klaus , Herrera Emilio 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE—To determine the contribution of maternal glucose and lipids to intrauterine metabolic environment and fetal growth in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In 150 pregnancies, serum triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFAs), glycerol, insulin, and glucose were determined in maternal serum and cord blood during the 3rd trimester. Maternal glucose values came from oral glucose tolerance testing and glucose profiles. Measurements of fetal abdominal circumference (AC) were performed simultaneously with maternal blood sampling and birth weight, and BMI and neonatal fat mass were obtained following delivery.
RESULTS—Maternal TGs and FFAs correlated with fetal AC size (at 28 weeks: triglycerides, P = 0.001; FFAs, P = 0.02), and at delivery they correlated with all neonatal anthropometric measures (FFA: birth weight, P = 0.002; BMI, P = 0.001; fat mass, P = 0.01). After adjustment for confounding variables, maternal FFAs and TGs at delivery remained the only parameters independently related to newborns large for gestational age (LGA) (P = 0.008 and P = 0.04, respectively). Maternal FFA levels were higher in mothers with LGA newborns than in those with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns (362.8 ± 101.7 vs. 252.4 ± 10.1, P = 0.002). Maternal levels of TGs, FFAs, and glycerol at delivery correlated with those in cord blood (P = 0.003, P = 0.004, and P = 0.005, respectively). Fetal triglyceride and cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with newborn birth weight (P = 0.001), BMI (P = 0.004), and fat mass (P = 0.001). TGs were significantly higher in small for gestational age (SGA) newborns compared with AGA or LGA newborns, while insulin-to-glucose ratio and FFAs were the highest in LGA newborns.
CONCLUSIONS—In well-controlled GDM pregnancies, maternal lipids are strong predictors for fetal lipids and fetal growth. Infants with abnormal growth seem to be exposed to a distinct intrauterine environment compared with those with appropriate growth.
Predictors of Gait Speed in Patients after Hip Fracture
Authors: Kline Mangione Kathleen , Craik Rebecca L. , Lopopolo Rosalie , Tomlinson James D. , Brenneman Susan K. 
Published: July 2008

Purpose: Following hip fracture, patients demonstrate greatly reduced walking speeds 1 year later compared with age-matched elders. The purpose of our study was to examine the factors that relate to gait speed in patients after hip fracture. Methods: Forty-two men and women (mean age 79 ± 7.5 years) who sustained a hip fracture participated in this study. Linear regression analysis was used to determine a statistical model that best predicted gait speed, the dependent variable. Gait speed was measured with a computerized gait mat. The independent variables were age, sex, height, weight, time post-fracture, medications, mental status, depression, balance confidence, Medical Outcome Studies, Short Form (SF-36), balance, and lower extremity isometric force. All subjects were discharged from physical therapy services, and measurements were taken, on average, 17 weeks post-fracture. Results: Using stepwise regression, 72% of the variance in gait speed was explained by summed lower extremity strength normalized by body weight, general health (SF-36), and balance confidence (Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale). Conclusions: Impairments (summed lower extremity strength) and risk factors (perception of general health and balance confidence) are important predictors of gait speed in elders after hip fracture.
Factors Associated with Physiotherapists’ Interest in Cardiorespiratory Continuing Education Using Computer-Assisted Learning: A Survey
Authors: Reid W. Darlene , Stanton Susan J. , Kelm L. Cheryle 
Published: July 2008

Purpose: To determine factors associated with Canadian physiotherapists’ interest in undertaking continuing education in various cardiorespiratory content areas and their willingness to complete a portion of study within each of these content areas via computer-assisted learning (CAL). Methods: In a six-page mailed questionnaire, 1,426 potential participants were asked to indicate their interest in 11 cardiorespiratory content areas, their continuing-education preferences, and their access and willingness to do continuing education by CAL. Demographic data were also collected from respondents. Results: Respondents included 285 physiotherapists from cardiorespiratory interest groups (CRGs) and 447 from the licensing bodies’ sample (overall response rate = 56%). Physiotherapists in public employment and practice areas other than orthopaedics had increased interest in all cardiorespiratory content areas except Exercise Physiology. Membership in a CRG increased their likelihood to be willing to learn the cardiorespiratory content area via CAL. Conclusions: In developing content and determining the accessibility of cardiorespiratory continuing education, educators should consider the type of employer and area of practice of interested attendees as well as the lack of willingness to use CAL by those not involved in CRGs.
Significance of the double-layer and single-layer signs in the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine
Authors: Min Jun-Hong , Jang Jee-Soo , Lee Sang-Ho 
Published: July 2008

Object
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the significance of the signs of dural penetration, which were previously described by Hida et al. This goal was accomplished by an analysis of preoperative computed tomography scans and a review of the medical records of patients who underwent removal of the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) via the anterior approach.

Methods
Outcomes in 197 patients with cervical OPLL who underwent anterior decompression and fusion were studied retrospectively. The types of OPLL, single- and double-layer signs of dural penetration, diameter of the central hypodense mass of the double-layer sign, and the presence of actual dural penetration were evaluated.
Signs of dural penetration were found in 30.5% of patients. These signs were much more prevalent in patients with nonsegmental OPLL. Dural defects were present in 20 (52.6%) of 38 patients with double-layer signs and in three (13.6%) of 22 patients with single-layer signs. Among patients in the double-layer sign group, the mean diameter of the central hypodense masses was thicker in the group with an actual dural defect. Although not to the degree reported by Hida et al., the double-layer sign had a significant association with dural defects. In particular, the thicker the central hypodense mass of the double-layer sign, the greater the possibility of a dural defect. However, a single-layer sign had less significance than a double-layer one.

Conclusions
Surgeons should be alert to the increased possibility of a dural defect when there is a double-layer sign with a thick central hypodense mass in nonsegmental OPLL.
Effective prevention of surgical site infection using a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline–based antimicrobial prophylaxis in lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Kanayama Masahiro , Hashimoto Tomoyuki , Shigenobu Keiichi , Oha Fumihiro , Togawa Daisuke 
Published: July 2008

ObjectAntimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) reduces the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) in lumbar spine surgery, but a great deal of variation exists regarding the timing and duration of AMP. The authors had previously used prophylactic antibiotics for 5 to 7 postoperative days. Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guideline, the AMP period was changed to the day of surgery only. In the current study, the authors compared the rate of SSI in lumbar spine surgeries between two different protocols of AMP.MethodsData from 1597 consecutive uninfected patients who had undergone lumbar spine surgery between January 1999 and September 2004 were reviewed. The pathophysiologies among these patients included disc herniation in 686, degenerative spondylolisthesis in 340, spinal stenosis in 259, failed lumbar surgeries in 73, degenerative scoliosis in 52, isthmic spondylolisthesis in 48, spinal trauma in 34, foraminal stenosis in 27, spinal tumor in 27, and miscellaneous in 51 patients. The rate of SSI was compared between the two AMP groups.There were 1133 patients in the multiple-dose group, and 464 patients in the single-dose group. The rate of instrumentation surgery was not statistically different between the multiple-dose group (43%) and the single-dose group (39%). The overall rate of SSI was 0.7%. The SSI rate was 0.8% in the multiple-dose group and 0.4% in the single-dose group; the difference between the two was not significant. Regarding the organisms of SSI, resistant strains of bacteria were cultured in five (83.3%) of six patients in the multiple-dose group, whereas none was cultured in the single-dose group.ConclusionsData in the current study did not demonstrate a difference in the rate of SSI between the two different AMP protocols. Based on the CDC guideline, a single dose of AMP was proven to be efficacious for the prevention of SSI in lumbar spine surgeries. A shorter duration of first-generation cephalosporin use may effectively prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection.
Transient intradural catheter lysis in a patient with a diffuse and elongated subdural hematoma of the spine due to trauma
Authors: Deininger Martin H. , Hubbe Ulrich , Moske-Eick Olaf , Vougioukas Vassilios I. 
Published: July 2008

✓The often extended and elongated configuration of a diffuse subdural hematoma of the spine makes it impossible to completely evacuate with common neurosurgical approaches. The authors describe the complete evacuation of a diffuse subdural hematoma of the entire spine due to trauma in a patient who suffered myelopathy and paraplegia in succession, by using transient subdural catheter lysis. After the patient underwent a partial hemilaminectomy at T7–8 and L2–3 using a lateral transmuscular approach, a 15 cm-long intraventricular catheter was inserted at each hemilaminectomy site and connected to an external ventricular drainage system in a procedure lasting 1 hour. Subsequently, 5000 IU of urokinase was applied four times daily for 30 minutes each time over the next 5 days. Two months later, the patient presented with spastic paraparesis Manual Muscle Test Grade 4/5. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed no catheter-related complications.
The authors conclude from this case that transient catheter lysis may be an effective and gentle method to treat diffuse and elongated subdural hematomas of the spine due to trauma. A larger series needs to be analyzed, however, to address the indications and limitations of the technique compared with conventional open surgery. Such evaluation should include serial MR imaging and electrophysiological examination.
Spontaneous resorption in recurrent intradural lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Sakai Tsubasa , Tsuji Takashi , Asazuma Takashi , Yato Yoshiyuki , Matsubara Osamu , Nemoto Koichi 
Published: July 2008

✓The authors report a case of spontaneous resorption of intradural disc material in a patient with recurrent intradural lumbar disc herniation and review magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathological findings. Intradural lumbar disc herniation is rare, and most patients with this condition require surgical intervention due to severe leg pain and vesicorectal disturbance. In the present case, however, the recurrent intradural herniated mass had completely disappeared by 9 months after onset. Histological examination of intradural herniated disc tissue demonstrated infiltrated macrophages and angiogenesis within the herniated tissue, and Gd-enhanced MR images showed rim enhancement not only at the initial presentation, but also at recurrence.
The authors conclude that when rim enhancement is present on Gd-enhanced MR images, there is a possibility of spontaneous resorption even though the herniated mass may be located within the intradural space. Moreover, when radiculopathy is controllable and cauda equina syndrome is absent, conservative therapy can be selected.
Extensive total spondylectomy for recurrent giant cell tumor in the thoracic spine
Authors: Matsumoto Morio , Ishii Ken , Takaishi Hironari , Nakamura Masaya , Morioka Hideo , Chiba Kazuhiro , Takahata Takeshi , Toyama Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2008

✓The authors report the case of a 47-year-old woman who harbored a giant cell tumor at the T-5 level. She had undergone curettage of the tumor via a combined anterior and posterior approach at a regional hospital and was later referred to the authors' institution for treatment after the tumor recurred. On examination she exhibited progressive paraparesis and was nonambulatory due to cord compression caused by the tumor, which had invaded the spinal canal and extended to the right paravertebral muscles and right thoracic cavity. A spondylectomy was performed through a single posterior approach. The tumor, together with a portion of the dura mater, pleura, and muscles, was resected en bloc from T-4 to T-6. After resection, spinal reconstruction was performed by placement of an anterior titanium mesh cage as well as posterior pedicle screw and rod instrumentation. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and she exhibited substantial neurological recovery and became ambulatory. Two and a half years after surgery, the patient was tumor free.En bloc resection of a recurrent giant cell tumor was successfully achieved through a single posterior approach. This surgical technique can be an effective option for this pathological condition, which is difficult to manage using other conventional treatment options including repeated curettage and radiotherapy.
Sequence length polymorphisms within primate amelogenin and amelogenin‐like genes: usefulness in sex determination
Authors: Morrill Benson H. , Rickords Lee F. , Schafstall Heather J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSequence length polymorphisms between the amelogenin (AMELX) and the amelogenin‐like (AMELY) genes both within and between several mammalian species have been identified and utilized for sex determination, species identification, and to elucidate evolutionary relationships. Sex determination via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of the AMELX and AMELY genes has been successful in greater apes, prosimians, and two species of old world monkeys. To date, no sex determination PCR assay using AMELX and AMELY has been developed for new world monkeys. In this study, we present partial AMELX and AMELY sequences for five old world monkey species (Mandrillus sphinx, Macaca nemestrina, Macaca fuscata, Macaca mulatta, and Macaca fascicularis) along with primer sets that can be used for sex determination of these five species. In addition, we compare the sequences we generated with other primate AMELX and AMELY sequences available on GenBank and discuss sequence length polymorphisms and their usefulness in sex determination within primates. The mandrill and four species of macaque all share two similar deletion regions with each other, the human, and the chimpanzee in the region sequenced. These two deletion regions are 176–181 and 8 nucleotides in length. In analyzing existing primate sequences on GenBank, we also discovered that a separate six‐nucleotide polymorphism located approximately 300 nucleotides upstream of the 177 nucleotide polymorphism in sequences of humans and chimps was also present in two species of new world monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis and Saimiri sciureus). We designed primers that incorporate this polymorphism, creating the first AMELX and AMELY PCR primer set that has been used successfully to generate two bands in a new world monkey species. Am. J. Primatol. 70:976–985, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pattern of tumor recurrence in initially nonmetastatic breast cancer patients
Authors: Sanuki‐Fujimoto Naoko , Takeda Atsuya , Amemiya Atsushi , Ofuchi Toru , Ono Masato , Yamagami Ryo , Hatayama Jun , Kunieda Etsuo , Shigematsu Naoyuki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Breast cancer is likely to have systemic involvement. However, to the authors' knowledge there are few reports to date regarding clinically detected patterns of metastasis, meticulously studied in regard to the natural history of breast cancer, including unusual sites of metastasis.METHODS.Patients treated for invasive breast cancer from April 1983 to May 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Patterns of clinically apparent tumor recurrence, focusing especially on unusual metastases, were studied as well as possible risk factors for unusual metastases and their influence on survival.RESULTS.Overall, 3783 patients were eligible for the current analysis. The median duration of follow‐up was 5.0 years (range, 0.6 years–20.4 years). Cumulative 5‐year and 10‐year survival rates were 89.7% and 81.5%, respectively. “Unusual metastasis” was defined as systemic failure with a frequency of ≤1%; in the current series; it was observed in 85 (2.2%) patients %. Of those, 70 (82%) had preceding metastasis in the usual sites. The median duration until the development of usual and unusual metastasis was 2.3 years and 3.6 years, respectively (P < .0001). Among764 patients with distant metastasis, the 5‐year cumulative overall survival rate in those with or without unusual metastasis was 53.5% and 53.4 years, respectively (P = .33). No risk factors for unusual metastasis were identified.CONCLUSIONS.This retrospective study examined the frequency of unusual metastases in a large number of Japanese patients with initially nonmetastatic breast cancer. The prognosis of patients with unusual metastases was found to be similar to that of patients with metastasis only at more usual sites. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Development of a robust GABABcalcium signaling cell line using β‐lactamase technology and sorting
Authors: Cui Mei , Chung Fu‐Zon , Donahue Christopher J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe GABABreceptor is a member of the “family 3” G protein coupled receptors. The GABABreceptors modulate activity inwardly rectifying potassium channels and high voltage activated calcium channels. The GABABreceptors require heterodimerization between two subunits, GABAB1and GABAB2, for functional expression. A robust functional calcium cell line was developed that contained both the human truncated GABAB(1b)and human truncated GABAB(2)receptors. The cell line was analyzed and sorted using β‐lactamase as a reporter. Single cell clones were sorted and isolated using flow cytometry based on high β‐lactamase expression. The single cell clones were further tested in a 384‐well calcium mobilization assay using the Fluo‐4 AM calcium indicator on the fluorescent imaging plate reader system (FLIPR). Twenty‐seven clones were grown up from single cell collections and 10 clones demonstrated a high response to GABA stimulation. The 10 clones were re‐evaluated based on agonist dose response and EC50. Clone‐16 was identified and utilized in high throughput screening (HTS) assay development. Using sorting and β‐lactamase as a reporter, we were able to develop a robust, functional cell‐based, GABAB, calcium mobilization assay. The cell line described here can be used for high throughput FLIPR screening and also to compare and rank the potency and selectivity of agonists, antagonists and potentiators of the GABABreceptor. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Standardization and optimization of multiparameter intracellular cytokine staining
Authors: Nomura Laurel , Maino Vernon C. , Maecker Holden T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntracellular cytokine staining (ICS) is a common method for rapid quantitation of cytokine‐producing antigen‐specific T cells. T cell production of IFNγ in particular, and more recently IL‐2 as well, is often taken as a measure of vaccine immunogenicity in experimental vaccine trials. As more fluorochromes become available for use in ICS and other applications detecting intracellular markers, the selection of optimal fluorochrome combinations becomes correspondingly more complicated. Additionally, as more sophisticated flow cytometers become available, more attention is being paid to potential result variability from one instrument to another. This review summarizes an oral presentation given at MASIR 2008, January 30–Feb 1, 2008, in La Plagne, France. We focus on issues associated with multiparameter (>four color) flow cytometry, including matching antibody specificities with available fluorochromes and techniques to optimize fluorochrome combinations. We examine issues specific to intracellular staining as well as broader topics such as instrument setup, experimental controls, sample management, and analysis of multiparameter data sets. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of lyophilized cells, antibodies, beads, peptides, etc. (collectively known as “lyoplates”), which can decrease experiment‐to‐experiment variability as well as processing time. Most clinical trials compile results from multiple testing sites, using data that was acquired on‐site in each location. We present data from two different ongoing multi‐laboratory standardization studies, one involving 15 laboratories and one involving nine. We identify issues of variability and, where possible, offer solutions. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The influence of drainage projects on environmental and wetland ecology
Authors: Koç Cengiz 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study researched how the drainage project of Köycegiz plain in the Special Environment Protection Region in the western Mediterranean basin of Turkey impacted the wetlands and sweet gum forests (Liquidambar orientalis) around Lake Köycegiz. The quality of and the change in the surface water and the water table, and their impact on environment and wetlands were researched. The level of water table in A‐zone wetland adjacent to Lake Köycegiz varied between 0.0 and 0.50 m. In some parts of the fields paralleling to A‐zone wetland, and called B‐zone, the water table level was also between 0.50 and 1.00 m. Anions (Cl− and SO4−) and cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg++) increased twofold in water samples obtained from A and B zone wetland compared to the irrigation water used in the research area. The mean of salinity in water table and irrigation water ranged from 545 to 1423 μS cm−1. The mean of water table salinity in A and B zone wetland was 1689 μS cm−1. Electrical conductivity (salinity) and compositions of ions provided an indication of changes occurring in A and B zone wetland function. Wetlands and sweet gum forests were impacted adversely in summer period when the water table fell down below the level necessary for meeting the demands. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008