bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Care Planning Study: Strengths and Learning Needs of Nursing Staff
Authors: Cruttenden Kathleen E. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThis planning study was designed and conducted in a predominantly rural Canadian province to examine the strengths and learning needs of four categories of nursing staff practising in New Brunswick nursing homes. Participants included directors of care, registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and resident attendants. The nursing homes ranged in size from 38 to 196 beds and were located throughout the province. In health and planning studies, ethnography conveys a coherent statement of peoples' local knowledge as culture-sharing groups (Muecke, 1994). The study derived information from the Nursing Home Act, reports, the literature, key informants, and direct observations of and interviews with participants. Leadership strengths defined the roles for categories of staff and supported the capacity of each category to identify their learning needs. In conclusion, nurses practising in nursing homes can and must take an active role in decision making for their learning.
S. Katz. Cultural Aging: Life Course, Lifestyle and Senior Worlds. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2005.
Authors: Grenier Amanda 
Published: February 2007

RÉSUMÉCultural Aging: Life Course, Lifestyle and Senior Worlds présente onze essais regroupant dix ans de réflexion de Katz (1994–2004) sur les “problèmes” du vieillissement culturel. Le livre comprend deux parties. La première, Aging, Life Course and the Cultural Politics of Expertise, porte sur les pratiques historiques, textuelles, politiques et culturelles du savoir, de l'expertise et de la vérité. La deuxième, Lifestyle and the Fashioning of Senior Worlds, pose la problématique des modèles de vieillissement associés à la culture. Katz réfère à des théories contemporaines pour repenser les questions liées à l'étude du vieillissement et soulève des questions essentielles sur les formes de vieillissement et les attentes des personnes âgées dans la société occidentale. Cultural Aging est un exemple d'une gérontologie critique qui repousse les limites de la discipline établie et soulève des questions découlant d'études interdisciplinaires et de connaissances locales.
Predictors of Place of Death for Seniors in Ontario: A Population-Based Cohort Analysis
Authors: Motiwala Sanober S. , Croxford Ruth , Guerriere Denise N. , Coyte Peter C. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTPlace of death was determined for all 58,689 seniors (age ≥ 66 years) in Ontario who died during fiscal year 2001/2002. The relationship of place of death to medical and socio-demographic characteristics was examined using a multinomial logit model. Half (49.2%) of these individuals died in hospital, 30.5 per cent died in a long-term care facility, 9.6 per cent died at home while receiving home care, and 10.7 per cent died at home without home care. Co-morbidities were the strongest predictors of place of death (p< 0.0001). A cancer diagnosis increased the chances of death at home while receiving home care; seniors with dementia were most likely to die in LTC facilities; and those with major acute conditions were most likely to die in hospitals. Higher socio-economic status was associated with greater probability of dying at home but contributed little to the model. Appropriate planning and resource allocation may help move place of death from hospitals to nursing homes or the community, in accordance with individual preferences.
D. Harvey Philip. Schizophrenia in Late Life: Aging Effects on Symptoms and Course of Illness. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2005.
Authors: Neufeld Eva , O'Rourke Norm 
Published: February 2007

RÉSUMÉSchizophrenia in Late Life apporte une contribution précieuse à la documentation et à la recherche sur cette maladie débilitante. Le quatrième livre du docteur Harvey, Schizophrenia in Late Life, couvre plusieurs des aspects importants de la maladie et propose des discussions approfondies sur les changements fonctionnels et cognitifs reliés à l'âge. Étant donné qu'un nombre appréciable de personnes souffrant de schizophrénie arrive à un âge avancé pour la première fois dans l'histoire de l'humanité, ce livre apportera une contribution importante pour les cliniciens et les chercheurs.
B. Findsen. Learning Later. Malabar, FL: Krieger, 2005.
Authors: Pratt Dan 
Published: February 2007

RÉSUMÉS'appuyant principalement sur une perspective politico-économique, ce livre vise à nous donner une meilleure idée de la question de l'apprentissage chez les aînés en adoptant pour ce faire deux perspectives principales: la théorie de l'apprentissage chez l'adulte et la gérontologie sociale. Avec comme toile de fond le vieillissement de la population et les défis associés à l'allongement de l'espérance de vie, le livre comprend neuf chapitres abordant la question de l'éducation et de l'apprentissage des aînés.Cet ouvrage offre une assise permettant un dialogue éclairé entre les secteurs des services sociaux et de l'éducation en ce qui a trait aux responsabilités individuelles, institutionnelles et étatique vis-à-vis la société vieillissante. Il pourrait sensibiliser les étudiants (et les professeurs) aux questions liées aux conditions matérielles des aînés, au contexte dans lequel ceux-ci évoluent, de même qu'à l'environnement politique déterminant la participation à l'éducation.
Fit for Life Steps: Results of a Community Walking Intervention in the Rural Mississippi Delta
Authors: Zoellner Jamie , Connell Carol Lawson , Santell Ross , Fungwe Thomas , Strickland Earline , Avis-Williams Amanda , Yadrick Kathleen , Lofton Kristi , Rowser Marjuyua , Powers Alicia , Lucas Gwendolyn , Bogle Margaret L 
Published: February 2007

Background: A collaborative communityâuniversityâU.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) partnership developed and implemented a 6-month walking intervention whereby volunteer coaches were trained to lead community walking groups in a rural Mississippi Delta Community. Objective: Assess the feasibility of implementing community-based participatory research (CBPR), increase physical activity, and improve anthropometric and biological measures. Methods: This quasi-experimental design examined body mass index, percent body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile, self-reported walking, stages of change, social support, self-efficacy, and decisional balance at enrollment, 3 months, and 6 months. Participants were primarily African-American (99%) women (97%). Changes were evaluated using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Friedman's test. Results: Community members actively participated in assessing the problem, identifying the intervention, intervention planning, data collection, and evaluation. Of the 83 enrolled participants, 66 (80%) completed the intervention. Participants exhibited significant improvements in waist circumference (â1.4 inches), systolic blood pressure (â4.3 mmHg), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (+7.9 mg/dL); (PÂ <Â .001). Self-reported walking per day was 44.8 (SD+52.2) minutes at enrollment, 76.6 (SD+166.6) minutes at 3-months, and 65.9 (SD+89.7) minutes at 6 months (PÂ =Â .154). A positive stage of change shift occurred in 57% of participants; however, no significant positive changes occurred in the other psychosocial variables. Conclusion: The process of developing and implementing this CBPR walking intervention was considered successful as evidenced by the community's active contribution and participation in each phase of this research, the undertaking and application of basic research components, significant improvements in several anthropometric and biological values, and sustainability of the collaborative partnership.
Income dynamics in couples and the dissolution of marriage and cohabitation
Authors: Kalmijn Matthijs , Loeve Anneke , Manting Dorien 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Several studies have shown that a wife’s strong (socio)economic position is associated with an increase in the risk of divorce. Less is known about such effects for cohabiting relationships. Using a unique and large-scale sample of administrative records from The Netherlands, we analyze the link between couples’ income dynamics and union dissolution for married and cohabiting unions over a 10-year period. We find negative effects of household income on separation and positive effects of the woman’s relative income, in line with earlier studies. The shape of the effect of the woman’s relative income, however, depends on the type of union. Movements away from income equality toward a maledominant pattern tend to increase the dissolution risk for cohabiting couples, whereas they reduce the dissolution risk for married couples. Movements away from income equality toward a female-dominant pattern (reverse specialization) increase the dissolution risks for both marriage and cohabitation. The findings suggest that equality is more protective for cohabitation, whereas specialization is more protective for marriage, although only when it fits a traditional pattern. Finally, we find that the stabilizing effects of income equality are more pronounced early in the marriage and that income equality also reduces the dissolution risk for same-sex couples.
A new method for the titration of free phenolic groups in pulps
Authors: Behrooz Eshkiki Rabi , Mortha Gérard , Lachenal Dominique 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A fast and semi-quantitative wet chemical method was developed for the titration of free phenolic groups in residual lignins of pulps. The method is based on selective chlorine dioxide reaction with phenolic units of lignin at 0°C. A known amount of ClO2 is reacted for up to 30 min with various substrates and ClO2 consumption is measured. Experiments with monomeric lignin-like model compounds, a dioxane/HCl lignin (isolated from kraft pulp), kraft pulp, and one thermomechanical pulp (TMP) were performed. The ideal stoichiometric consumption of 1 mol of ClO2 per Ar-OH was approximated in a few cases. More model compound experiments are necessary to establish the possibilities and limitations of the method, but the results of these preliminary experiments are promising. First studies on pulps and comparison of the data with those obtained by 13C NMR analysis on dioxane/HCl lignins showed some deviations in the first instance, which were attributed to reaction of the intermediates HClO and Cl2 involved in the overall mechanism. However, using DMSO as HClO trapping agent improved the ClO2/Ar-OH stoichiometric ratio close to the theoretical value of 2, which essentially yielded better results. This improved stoichiometry was verified for three model compounds, one kraft pulp and one TMP, yielding results were similar to those obtained by 13C NMR analysis.
The effectiveness of silica treatments against wood-boring invertebrates
Authors: Cookson Laurie James , Scown Damian Kile , McCarthy Kevin James , Chew Narelle 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTimber specimens were impregnated with the organo-silicate tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in an effort to deposit hard silica granules and improve resistance to wood-borers. Trials were conducted against marine borers (teredinids andLimnoria), the termiteCoptotermes acinaciformis, and the wood-boring beetleLyctus brunneus. A 14-week laboratory bioassay againstC. acinaciformisshowed that treatedPinus radiatacontaining 16.7 wt.% silica was as readily attacked as untreated timber. However, a 3-year laboratory trial of treatedCastanospermum australeshowed that attack byL. brunneuswas prevented by 10.3 wt.% silica, and reduced by 0.7 and 3.4 wt.% silica. A trial of wood treated with copper-chromium-arsenic followed by silicon was conducted in the sea at Townsville, Australia for 7 years. Double treatment with 6.7 or 19.2 wt.% silica prevented attack inP. radiataby teredinids, while for CCA alone some replicates failed. In the same trial, double-treatedCorymbia maculatawith lower silica retention failed. Silica granules may overwhelm the food and waste-sorting mechanisms in teredinids and lyctine larvae, whereas borers, requiring less intimate contact with granules (Limnoriaand termites), or those that do not ingest wood for food (SphaeromaandMartesia), are little affected.
Using X-ray diffraction in forensic science
Authors: Kotrlý Marek 
Published: February 2007

The majority of expert examination in forensic science is concerned with comparison, determination, and description of diversified samples. X-ray diffraction (powdered and/or single crystal) is bringing big benefits and analytical possibilities into forensic expert work, which are not easily provided by other methods. XRD methods are used in combination with other analytical methods (SEM with EDS/WDS, micro XRF, optical microscopy, FTIR, etc.).
Importance of XRD phase analysis in forensic science lies namely in: analysis of relatively small-volume samples, relatively non-destructive, exact phase analysis, quantitative analysis (in majority of cases). And method is conclusive for a court.
Finely Orchestrated Movements: Evolution of the Ribosomal RNA Genes
Authors: Eickbush Thomas H , Eickbush Danna G 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Evolution of the tandemly repeated ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes is intriguing because in each species all units within the array are highly uniform in sequence but that sequence differs between species. In this review we summarize the origins of the current models to explain this process of concerted evolution, emphasizing early studies of recombination in yeast and more recent studies in Drosophila and mammalian systems. These studies suggest that unequal crossover is the major driving force in the evolution of the rRNA genes with sister chromatid exchange occurring more often than exchange between homologs. Gene conversion is also believed to play a role; however, direct evidence for its involvement has not been obtained. Remarkably, concerted evolution is so well orchestrated that even transposable elements that insert into a large fraction of the rRNA genes appear to have little effect on the process. Finally, we summarize data that suggest that recombination in the rDNA locus of higher eukaryotes is sufficiently frequent to monitor changes within a few generations.
Geostatistical modelling (3D) of the stratigraphic unit surfaces of the Gulf of Lion western margin (Mediterranean Sea) based on seismic profiles
Authors: Chihi Hayet , Tesson Michel , Galli Alain , de Marsily Ghislain , Ravenne Christian 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to build efficiently and automatically a three-dimensional geometric model of the stratigraphic units of the Gulf of Lion margin on the basis of geophysical investigations by a network of seismic profiles, using geostatistics. We want to show that geostatistics can produce unbiased maps of the morphology of submarine stratigraphic units, and furthermore that some specific features of these units can be found, that classical manual mapping may ignore. Depth charts of each surface identified by seismic profiling describe the geometry of these units. The geostatistical approach starts with a statistical analysis to determine the type and parameters of the variograms of the variable “depth” of each identified surface. The variograms of these surfaces show that they are mostly non-stationary. We therefore tried the following two non-stationary methods to map the desired surfaces : (i) the method of universal kriging in case the underlying variogram was directly accessible; (ii) the method of increments if the underlying variogram was not directly accessible. After having modelled the variograms of the increments and of the variable itself, we calculated the surfaces by kriging the variable “depth” on a small-mesh estimation grid.
The depth charts of each surface calculated with the geostatistical model are then interpreted in terms of their geological significance, which makes it possible to suggest hypotheses on the influence of major processes, such as tectonics and rivers (Rhône, Hérault, etc.) on the sedimentary structure of the gulf of Lion margin. The added value of geostatistics for this interpretation is emphasized. These unusual geostatistical methods are capable of being widely used in earth sciences for automatic mapping of “non-stationary” geometric surfaces, i.e. surfaces that possess a gradient or a trend developing systematically in space, such as piezometric or concentrations surfaces.
Spectral encoding on Gold Nanorods Doped in a Silica Sol–Gel Matrix and Its Application to High‐Density Optical Data Storage
Authors: Chon J. W. M. , Bullen C. , Zijlstra P. , Gu M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMetallic nanorods exhibit fascinating optical properties due to surface plasmons—collective oscillation of the electron cloud within a particle. They exhibit two principle absorption bands that correspond to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the nanorod. Most importantly, the longitudinal band can be tuned with the aspect ratio of the rod, making it a spectrally tuneable optical material, which can be applied to a variety of devices from bioimaging to high‐density optical storage. Here, spectral encoding for high‐density optical storage applications is demonstrated on two sizes of gold nanorods (aspect ratios of three and five) doped in a silica sol–gel matrix by femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation. It is widely known that high‐power pulsed laser irradiation causes metal nanorods to undergo shape transformations via the process of melting or fragmentation. The process is enhanced if the laser wavelength is tuned at the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance peak of the nanorods, which results in a significant reduction or shift in the surface plasmon resonance peak. As such a shape change occurs only on the subpopulation of rods that have a longitudinal plasmon band matching the laser wavelength, a size‐ or spectrum‐selective shape transition is possible in a rod mixture with varying aspect ratios. The current spectral encoding technology can be incorporated into existing optical disc technology, such as three‐dimensional bit‐by‐bit and holographic, and can increase the capacity limit by utilizing the spectral domain.
Cover Picture: A Hierarchically Structured Ni(OH)2 Monolayer Hollow‐Sphere Array and Its Tunable Optical Properties over a Large Region (Adv. Funct. Mater. 4/2007)
Authors: Duan G. , Cai W. , Luo Y. , Sun F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fabrication of hierarchically structured Ni(OH)2 monolayer hollow‐sphere arrays with the shell composed of building blocks of nanoflakelets is reported on p. 644 by Weiping Cai and co‐workers. The morphology can be easily controlled by the synthesis parameters, and the arrays show a tunable optical transmission stop band. Tuning can be achieved by changing the size or morphology of the hollow spheres. Such arrays may have potential applications in optical devices, photonic crystals, and as sensors for gas detection.The fabrication of a hierarchically structured Ni(OH)2 monolayer hollow‐sphere array with the shell composed of building blocks of nanoflakelets is demonstrated based on a colloidal monolayer and electrochemical deposition. The morphology can be easily controlled by the colloidal monolayer and deposition parameters. Importantly, such monolayer hollow‐sphere array shows a morphology‐ and size‐dependent tunable optical transmission stop band. This stop band can be easily tuned from 455–1855 nm by changing the size of the hollow spheres between 1000 and 4500 nm, and also fine‐adjusted by changing the deposition time. The array exhibits a nearly incident‐angle‐independent position of the stop band that 3D photonic crystals do not possess. This structure may have potential applications in optical devices, photonic crystals, and sensors for gas detection.
Genetic information: Special or not? Responses from focus groups with members of a health maintenance organization
Authors: Diergaarde Brenda , Bowen Deborah J. , Ludman Evette J. , Culver Julie O. , Press Nancy , Burke Wylie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGenetic information is used increasingly in health care. Some experts have argued that genetic information is qualitatively different from other medical information and, therefore, raises unique social issues. This view, called “genetic exceptionalism,” has importantly influenced recent policy efforts. Others have argued that genetic information is like other medical information and that treating it differently may actually result in unintended disparities. Little is known about how the general public views genetic information. To identify opinions about implications of genetic and other medical information among the general population, we conducted a series of focus groups in Seattle, WA. Participants were women and men between ages 18 and 74, living within 30 miles of Seattle and members of the Group Health Cooperative. A structured discussion guide was used to ensure coverage of all predetermined topics. Sessions lasted approximately 2 hr; were audio taped and transcribed. The transcripts formed the basis of the current analysis. Key findings included the theme that genetic information was much like other medical information and that all sensitive medical information should be well protected. Personal choice (i.e., the right to choose whether to know health risk information and to control who else knows) was reported to be of crucial importance. Participants had an understanding of the tensions involved in protecting privacy versus sharing medical information to help another person. These data may guide future research and policy concerning the use and protection of medical information, including genetic information. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non Platinum Metal Complexes as Anti‐cancer Drugs
Authors: Ott Ingo , Gust Ronald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of metal complexes with platinum central atoms such as cisplatin or carboplatin had an enormous impact on current cancer chemotherapy. However, the spectrum of cancers that can be treated with platinum agents is narrow and treatment efficacy suffers from side effects and resistance phenomena. These unresolved problems in platinum‐based anti‐cancer therapy have stimulated increased research efforts in the search for novel non platinum‐containing metal species as cytostatic agents. Preclinical and clinical investigations showed that the development of new metal agents with modes of action different from cisplatin is possible. Thus, complexes with iron, cobalt, or gold central atoms have shown promising results in preclinical studies and compounds with titanium, ruthenium, or gallium central atoms have already been evaluated in phase I and phase II trials. This review covers some relevant examples of preclinical and clinical research on novel non platinum metal complexes.
Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Naphthindolizinedione Derivatives
Authors: Defant Andrea , Guella Graziano , Mancini Ines 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNovel 6,11‐dioxo‐6,11‐dihydro‐benzo[f]pyrido[1,2‐a]indole‐12‐carboxamide derivatives and the corresponding 7,10‐dihydroxy analogues were designed in accordance with Moore's and Pindur's theory and synthesized based on the structural similarity with known antitumour agents such as ellipticine, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone and 9‐aminoacridine‐4 carboxamide derivatives. These compounds, including structural variations of the amide side chain, were evaluated in the NCI panel of human tumour cell lines, from which 6,11‐dioxo‐6,11‐dihydro‐benzo[f]pyrido[1,2‐a]indole‐(2‐dimethylamino‐ethyl)‐12‐carboxamide 11a was found to be the most potent agent within the series. It showed good selectivity towards leukaemia, colon and renal cancer cell lines, with significant GI50 values, from lower than 10 nM to 0.2 μM. Moreover, its cytotoxicity against the adriamicine‐resistant breast tumour cell line at a concentration lower than 1 μM turned out to be higher than the values using the clinical anticancer agents, daunorubicin and mitoxantrone.