bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulation characteristics and its evaluation method of N2 gas for nonstandard lightning impulse waveforms
Authors: Kaneko Shuhei , Okabe Shigemitsu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUntil recently, SF6 gas has widely been used as the best insulating medium in substation equipment. However, SF6 gas was specified to be a greenhouse gas at COP3 in 1997 because of its high global warming potential (GWP), and alternative insulation gases to SF6 have been sought for a long time. Alternatives using the natural gases are considered to be suitable, but none of them show better properties for insulation as well as good environmental compatibility. Therefore, it is necessary to rationalize the equipment insulation level and reduce the test voltage of electric power apparatus to as low a level as possible. The actual lightning surge waveform (so‐called nonstandard lightning impulse waveform) occurring in the actual field is different from the standard lightning impulse waveform (1.2/50 μs). There are many cases in which the actual lightning surge waveform has a steep rise and large decay of overvoltage, and the insulation requirements are not as severe as those for the standard lightning impulse waveform. In this paper, we focused our research on N2 gas as an SF6 substitute and investigated the insulation characteristics of N2 gas for a single‐frequency oscillatory waveform with various frequencies from 2.7 to 20.0 MHz and damping ratios. Based on the experimental results, it might be possible to reduce the test voltage of N2 gas insulation by evaluating the crest value of the actual lightning surge waveform that has been converted into an equivalent standard lightning impulse waveform. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 10–20, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20754
Remaining service life diagnostic technology of insulators for power distribution equipment
Authors: Miki Shinsuke , Okazawa Hiroshi , Hasegawa Taketoshi , Tsunoda Sei , Inujima Hiroshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe authors have developed a remaining service life diagnostic technology for insulators, which are important parts involved in determining the service life of power distribution equipment. Application of chemical evaluation and the Mahalanobis–Taguchi (MT) method enabled them to diagnose the insulators' degree of deterioration with great accuracy and nondestructively onsite. The theory derives the threshold value of surface resistivity for electric discharge initiation calculated based on the diagnostic results from the MT method and the year in which the master curve of service life and the threshold value intersect. It was clarified that a remaining service life could be predicted by this technology, because there was a good relationship between the check examination results of electric discharge initiation in the laboratory and the results the authors found. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 1–9, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20854
A calculation method of equivalent circuit constants with mutual leakage reactance on synchronous machine with damper winding
Authors: Kano Takashi , Nakayama Hiroki , Ara Takahiro , Matsumura Toshihiro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe mutual leakage reactance between the d‐axis damper and field windings is ignored in the conventional d‐axis equivalent circuit. It has been pointed out that the calculated value of the field transient current differs considerably from the measured value when this reactance is not taken into account. A method to determine this reactance has been reported previously, but this method has problems concerning measurement precision. The authors have previously presented a calculation method for equivalent circuits, adapting a DC decay testing method, using two synchronous machines of the same specifications (one with damper winding, the other without). Yet, this method is not practical because of the use of two machines.This paper presents a calculation method for equivalent circuit constants taking into account the mutual leakage reactance to accurately represent the field transient current using a single machine. The proposed method determines equivalent circuit constants by calculating the physically correct d‐axis transient reactance from the operational impedances when the field winding is shorted and when the field winding is shorted with an external resistance. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing the measured values with the calculated values of field and armature currents at sudden three‐phase short‐circuit. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 71–78, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20891
vic‐Dichlorodiphosphapropenes – Synthesis and Coordination Ability
Authors: Septelean Raluca , Nemes Gabriela , Escudié Jean , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Ioan , Ranaivonjatovo Henri , Petrar Petronela , Gornitzka Heinz , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Luminita , Saffon Nathalie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNew substituted 2,3‐dichloro‐1‐λ3σ2‐P,3‐λ3σ3‐P‐diphosphapropenes Mes*P=C(Cl)‐P(Cl)tBu (1) (Mes* = 2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl) and the oxidation compounds Mes*P=C(Cl)–P(=E)(Cl)R [R = tBu, E = S (2), O (3); R = Mes, E = O (4)] are reported. From the reaction of 2 with W(CO)5(thf) the chelate compound W(CO)4[Mes*P=C(Cl)–P(S)(Cl)tBu] (5) was obtained. Reaction of 1 or 2 with PdCl2(cod) led to PdCl2[cyMes*PC(H)(Cl)–P(Cl)tBu] (cyMes*P = 5,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐phosphaindane) (6) or PdCl2[cyMes*PC(H)(Cl)–P(S)(Cl)tBu] (7), in which the coordination to the Pd atoms is accompanied by intramolecular addition of CH(tBu) of Mes* to the P=C bond of the dichlorodiphosphapropene. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Supramolecular Interactions in Chitosan Gels
Authors: Kato Kazuaki , Schneider Hans‐Jörg 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChitosan gel particles show selective size changes with a large variety of effector compounds. Swelling induced by protonation of the chitosan amino groups is counteracted by non‐covalent cross‐linking with anions, depending on the structure of the acids. Thus, contraction amounts to 30 % with malonic acid, but to <1 % with the homologuous succinic acid, to 60 % with tartaric acid and to 51 % with 2,4‐dinitrophenol. With acetic acid expansion starts at around pH 6, whereas with, for example, hydrochloric acid swelling occurs at around pH 4. All size changes are essentially due to changes in water content. Basic amino acids, such as His, Lys and Arg, induce significantly enhanced expansion only in the presence of other acids as cofactors, therefore performing as logic AND gates. Enantioselective size changes are large with dibenzoyltartaric acid derivatives. Reducing the size of the gel particles allows the speed of size change to increase significantly; a similar sensitivity increase is achieved by the accompanying compartmentalization effect. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed α‐Hydrostannations of Propargylamines as the Key Step in the Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Lin Hechun , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Mo‐catalyzed hydrostannation of propargylic amines and amides gave rise to functionalized vinylstannanes in good yield. The α‐stannylated products were formed preferentially, which are interesting synthetic building blocks. If halogenated aromatic amines were subjected to this protocol, the products obtained could be converted into indole and isoquinoline derivatives through intramolecular Stille couplings. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Night eating, binge eating and related features in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Olbrich Katharina , Mühlhans Barbara , Allison Kelly C. , Hahn Eckhart G. , Schahin Simin Pour , de Zwaan Martina 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the nature and extent of the association between night eating, other forms of disordered eating and obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS).Eighty‐one participants (20 women and 61 men), mean age 53.7 years diagnosed with OSAS were assessed prior to starting treatment. Using a cut‐off of ≥25 on the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), 8.6% of the participants screened positive for night eating syndrome (NES). In addition, 7.5% met criteria for a daytime eating disorder. NES was significantly associated with diagnoses of depression, anxiety and eating disorders and was significantly correlated with an impairment of mental quality of life. No associations were found between NES and gender, BMI and the severity of the OSAS. NES does not appear to be closely linked to OSAS; however, in patients with OSAS and NES a significant co‐morbidity with psychiatric disorders can be expected which might require additional treatment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Prison health care: is contracting out healthy?
Authors: Bedard Kelly , Frech H. E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUS prison health care has recently been in the news and in the courts. A particular issue is whether prisons should contract out for health care. Contracting out has been growing over the past few decades. The stated motivation for this change ranges from a desire to improve the prison healthcare system, sometimes in response to a court mandate, to a desire to reduce costs. This study is a first attempt to quantify the impact of this change on inmate health. As morbidity measures are not readily obtainable, we focus on mortality. More specifically, we use a panel of state prisons from 1979 to 1990 and a fixed effects Poisson model to estimate the change in mortality associated with increase in the percentage of medical personnel employed under contract. In contrast to the first stated aim of contracting, we find that a 13% increase in percentage of medical personnel employed under contract increases mortality by 1.3%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expanding wallets and waistlines: the impact of family income on the BMI of women and men eligible for the Earned Income Tax Credit
Authors: Schmeiser Maximilian D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe rising rate of obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now one of the most serious public health challenges facing the US. However, the underlying causes for this increase are unclear. This paper examines the effect of family income changes on body mass index (BMI) and obesity using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort. It does so by using exogenous variation in family income in a sample of low‐income women and men. This exogenous variation is obtained from the correlation of their family income with the generosity of state and federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) program benefits. Income is found to significantly raise the BMI and probability of being obese for women with EITC‐eligible earnings, and have no appreciable effect for men with EITC‐eligible earnings. The results imply that the increase in real family income from 1990 to 2002 explains between 10 and 21% of the increase in sample women's BMI and between 23 and 29% of their increased obesity prevalence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantile effects of prenatal care utilization on birth weight in Argentina
Authors: Wehby George L. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Castilla Eduardo E. , Lopez‐Camelo Jorge S. , Ohsfeldt Robert L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe effects of prenatal care utilization on birth weight (BW) may vary by unobserved fetal health endowments. This heterogeneity will be masked by estimating the effects at BW mean but can be evaluated by estimating the effects at BW quantiles as fetal health endowment is a strong correlate with the BW quantile order. We estimated the effects of prenatal care visits and delay before prenatal care initiation, on BW mean and quantiles using a sample of infants from Argentina. Self‐selection into prenatal care was modeled using 2SLS and instrumental variable quantile regression. Results suggest that the ‘mean’ effect of prenatal care utilization largely underestimates the effects at lower BW quantiles. About 35 and 77 g increase in BW mean and 0.1 quantile respectively, per visit and about 30 and 139 g decrease in BW mean and 0.1 quantile respectively, per week delayed, were estimated. Ignoring self‐selection into prenatal care resulted in underestimation of mean and quantile effects. Results highlight the limitation of analyses focused on ‘mean effects’ in the presence of treatment heterogeneity and emphasize the importance of identifying women at risk for having infants at lower BW quantiles as they may benefit most from earlier and more intensive prenatal care. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of detection and treatment on lifetime medical costs for patients with precancerous polyps and colorectal cancer
Authors: Howard David H. , Tangka Florence K. , Seeff Laura C. , Richardson Lisa C. , Ekwueme Donatus U. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the costs associated with early detection of disease is important for determining the fiscal implications of government‐funded screening programs. We estimate the lifetime medical costs for patients with screen‐detected versus undetected polyps and early‐stage colorectal cancer. Typically, cost–effectiveness studies of screening account only for the direct costs of screening and cancer care. Our estimates include costs for unrelated conditions. We applied the Kaplan–Meier Smoothing Estimator to estimate lifetime costs for beneficiaries with screen‐detected polyps and cancer. Phase‐specific costs and survival probabilities were calculated from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database for Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65. We estimate costs from the point of detection onward; therefore, our results do not include the costs associated with screening. We used a modified version of the model to estimate what lifetime costs for these patients would have been if the polyps or cancer remained undetected, based on assumptions about the ‘lead time’ for polyps and early‐stage cancer. For younger patients, polyp removal is cost saving. Treatment of early‐stage cancer is cost increasing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pleiotropic function of ezrin in human metastatic melanomas
Authors: Federici Cristina , Brambilla Daria , Lozupone Francesco , Matarrese Paola , de Milito Angelo , Lugini Luana , Iessi Elisabetta , Cecchetti Serena , Marino Marialucia , Perdicchio Maurizio , Logozzi Mariantonia , Spada Massimo , Malorni Walter , Fais Stefano 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe membrane cytoskeleton cross‐linker, ezrin, has recently been depicted as a key regulator in the progression and metastasis of several pediatric tumors. Less defined appears the role of ezrin in human adult tumors, especially melanoma. We therefore addressed ezrin involvement in the metastatic phenotype of human adult metastatic melanoma cells. Our results show that cells resected from melanoma metastatic lesions of patients, display marked metastatic spreading capacity in SCID mice organs. Stable transfection of human melanoma cells with an ezrin deletion mutant comprising only 146 N‐terminal aminoacids led to the abolishment of metastatic dissemination. In vitro experiments revealed ezrin direct molecular interactions with molecules related to metastatic functions such as CD44, merlin and Lamp‐1, consistent with its participation to the formation of phagocitic vacuoles, vesicular sorting and migration capacities of melanoma cells. Moreover, the ezrin fragment capable of binding to CD44 was shorter than that previously reported, and transfection with the ezrin deletion mutant abrogated plasma membrane Lamp‐1 recruitment. This study highlights key involvement of ezrin in a complex machinery, which allows metastatic cancer cells to migrate, invade and survive in very unfavorable conditions. Our in vivo and in vitro data reveal that ezrin is the hub of the metastatic behavior also in human adult tumors. © 2009 UICC
Smoking modifies the relationship between XRCC1 haplotypes and HPV16‐negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Applebaum Katie M. , McClean Michael D. , Nelson Heather H. , Marsit Carmen J. , Christensen Brock C. , Kelsey Karl T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractReports on the relationship between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and polymorphisms in X‐ray cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) have been inconsistent. We hypothesized this may be due to not accounting for Human papillomavirus type‐16 (HPV16) and thus examined whether smoking modified the association between XRCC1 haplotypes and HNSCC risk within HPV16 serologic strata. Cases were diagnosed in Greater Boston, Massachusetts. Controls were matched to cases on age, gender and residential town. Genotyping was conducted on three XRCC1 polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln) and serology was used to determine HPV16 exposure. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age, sex, race, education, smoking, alcohol consumption and HPV16 serology. There was no overall association between XRCC1 polymorphisms and HNSCC risk. Smoking did not modify the association between XRCC1 polymorphisms and HNSCC risk among the HPV16 seropositive (pinteraction = 0.89) but it did for the HPV16 seronegative (pinteraction=0.04). Among the HPV16 seronegative, heavy smokers with a haplotype containing a variant allele had an increased HNSCC risk (haplotype with 399Gln: OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.97–1.86), whereas never/light smokers with variant alleles may have a reduced risk. In sum, the association between XRCC1 and HNSCC risk differed by HPV16 status and smoking. Among the HPV16 seronegative, heavy smokers with XRCC1 variant alleles had an increased HNSCC risk. There was no relationship between XRCC1 and HPV16‐related HNSCC, regardless of smoking. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for HPV16 exposure even when studying susceptibility to HNSCC. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
R‐roscovitine sensitizes anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis via regulation of IKK/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Festa Michela , Petrella Antonello , Alfano Silvia , Parente Luca 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAmong thyroid carcinomas, highly aggressive undifferentiated or anaplastic carcinomas still await effective therapeutic strategies. R‐roscovitine is a novel cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor in clinical trials as anti‐cancer agent. We have investigated the effects of R‐roscovitine on proliferation and apoptosis of 4 thyroid cancer cell lines with different degrees of malignancy. R‐roscovitine induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in all cells analyzed possibly by inhibiting the CDK1‐cyclin B1 complex. However, the compound was unable to induce a significant cell apoptosis. R‐roscovitine has been shown to sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. We report that R‐roscovitine sensitized thyroid cell lines to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis with the highest degree of synergism observed in the most undifferentiated cancer cells. Apoptosis was associated with the activation of caspases. In thyroid cancers, NF‐κB is constitutively activated contributing to the proliferation of malignant cells. Accordingly, we observed that R‐roscovitine inhibited p65 expression and nuclear translocation. Moreover, IKKβ over‐expression inhibited R‐roscovitine‐ and TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. The combined treatment also caused down‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic proteins transcriptionally regulated by NF‐κB. Finally, R‐roscovitine up‐regulated expression of DR5 TRAIL receptors. These results demonstrate that undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells can be effectively killed by a combination treatment of subtoxic doses of R‐roscovitine and TRAIL. R‐roscovitine sensitization of TRAIL‐induced apoptosis appears to be mediated by the inhibition of the IKK/NF‐KB pathway leading to down‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic genes and up‐regulation of TRAIL death receptors. The combination of R‐roscovitine and TRAIL may represent a novel approach to the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas resistant to conventional chemotherapy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus targets over‐expression of arginase I in hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Cao Wenjun , Sun Bill , Feitelson Mark A. , Wu Tong , Tur‐Kaspa Ran , Fan Qishi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is often associated with chronic liver disease, which is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To study the HCV host‐cell relationship on the molecular level, HepG2 and Huh7 cells were stably transfected with an infectious cDNA clone of HCV or with empty vector. Evidence for HCV replication was obtained in both culture systems. HCV also stimulated growth in vitro. To identify genes whose altered expression by HCV are important to the pathogenesis of infection, RNAs were isolated from HepG2‐HCV and HepG2‐vector cells and subjected to microarray analysis. The results showed that arginase 1 mRNA and protein were elevated about threefold in HCV positive compared with negative cells (p < 0.01). Arginase 1 expression was elevated in more than 75% of HCV infected liver samples compared with paired HCC from the same patients (>33% positive) and to uninfected liver tissues (0% positive). Arginase 1 specific siRNA inhibited the ability of HCV to stimulate hepatocellular growth in culture by >70%, suggesting that the metabolism of arginine to ornithine may contribute to HCV mediated stimulation of hepatocellular growth. Introduction of arginase specific siRNA also resulted in increased nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (>1.2‐fold), nitric oxide (NO) production (>3‐fold) and increased cell death (>2.5‐fold) in HCV positive compared with negative cells, suggesting that these molecules potentially contribute to hepatocellular damage. Hence, an important part of the mechanism whereby HCV regulates hepatocellular growth and survival may be through altering arginine metabolism. © 2009 UICC