bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐utero pulmonary drainage in the management of primary hydrothorax and congenital cystic lung lesion: a systematic review
Authors: Knox E. M. , Kilby M. D. , Martin W. L. , Khan K. S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of in‐utero pulmonary drainage on perinatal survival in fetuses with primary hydrothoraces and/or congenital cystic lung lesions.MethodsRelevant papers were identified by searching MEDLINE (1966–2004), EMBASE (1988–2004) and the Cochrane Library (2004 issue 2). Studies were selected if the effect of prenatal pulmonary drainage (shunt, surgery or drainage) on perinatal survival was compared with no treatment, in fetuses with ultrasonic evidence of lung pathology. Study selection, quality assessment and data abstraction were performed independently and in duplicate.ResultsOf a total number of 7958 articles, there were 16 controlled observational studies involving 608 fetuses. Study characteristics and quality were recorded for each study. Data were abstracted to generate 2 × 2 tables to compare the effect of pulmonary drainage vs. no drainage on perinatal survival. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were used as summary measures of effect and the results were stratified according to predicted fetal prognoses. Pulmonary drainage did not improve perinatal survival in cystic lung lesions compared with no drainage (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32–0.97, P = 0.04) overall. However there was a marked improvement with this therapy in a subgroup of fetuses with fetal hydrops fetalis (OR 19.28, 95% CI 3.67–101.27, P = 0.0005) but not in the subgroup uncomplicated by fetal hydrops fetalis (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.32, P = 0.002).ConclusionPercutaneous, in‐utero pulmonary drainage in fetuses with ultrasonic evidence of congenital pulmonary cystic malformations was associated with improved perinatal survival among fetuses with hydrops fetalis and therefore poor predicted survival. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral skin necrosis in the recipient of monochorionic twins complicated by twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Fox C. , Cox P. , Kilby M. D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) complicates approximately 15% of monochorionic, diamniotic twin pregnancies and if untreated carries a high perinatal loss rate of between 80% and 100%, depending on the stage. The underlying pathology in TTTS appears to be an imbalanced intertwin perfusion difference, secondary to functional unidirectional arteriovenous anastomoses within a monochorionic placenta. We report two cases of monochorionic twin pregnancy complicated by TTTS, in which the pregnancies were treated by serial aggressive amnioreduction. However, the recipient twin in each pregnancy developed ‘ischemic damage’ to a lower limb. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaktives Magnetronsputtern von Dünnschichtsolarzellen
Authors: Ellmer Klaus , Unold Thomas 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, dass reaktives Magnetronsputtern geeignet ist, um elektronisch hochwertige CuInS2‐Solarzellen‐Absorberschichten herzustellen. Hierbei können die Schichten mit einer kompakten Morphologie und Korngrößen im Mikrometerbereich bei Substrattemperaturen unter 500 °C mit Hilfe von metallischen Targets abgeschieden werden. Die mit diesem Prozess hergestellten Schichten besitzen vergleichbare strukturelle und elektronische Eigenschaften, wie CuInS2‐Schichten die in einem 2‐Stufen‐Sulfurisierungsprozess präpariert werden, welcher zur Zeit kommerzialisiert wird. Insbesondere lassen sich für die reaktiv gesputterten Schichten Ladungsträger‐Diffusionslängen von der Größenordnung der Schichtdicke (≈ 2μm) nachweisen. Dies resultiert in Solarzellen mit Wirkungsgraden größer 10 %, vergleichbar mit den besten Wirkungsgraden von CuInS2‐Solarzellen aus anderen Beschichtungsprozessen. Diese Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung des Magnetronsputterns als Großflächenbeschichtungsverfahren für Absorberschichten in Dünnschicht‐Solarzellen.
Optische und mechanische Eigenschaften von RLVIP HfO2‐Schichten
Authors: Kunz Andrea , Hallbauer Antje , Huber Daniel , Pulker Hans K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn diesem Artikel wurden auf ungeheizten Gläsern (Quarzglas, Borosilikatglas) und Si‐Wafern HfO2‐Schichten mittels Reaktiven Niederspannungs‐Hochstrom‐Ionenplattieren (RLVIP) hergestellt. Diese wurden hinsichtlich der optischen Eigenschaften (Brechungsindex, Absorptionskoeffizient) und den mechanischen Schichtspannungen untersucht. Hierfür wurden die Prozessparameter Bogenstrom und Sauerstoffpartialdruck variiert. Mit dem Spektralphotometer wurde die Transmission der Schichten vermessen, woraus der Brechungsindex und die Absorptionskante ermittelt wurden. Für die Messung der Absorption wurde die Photothermale Deflektionsspektroskopie eingesetzt und der Absorptionskoeffizient berechnet. Die mechanischen Schichtspannungen wurden aus der Verformung von dünnen Si‐Wafern ermittelt.
A load awareness medium access control protocol for single‐hop wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Chao Chih‐Min , Sheu Jang‐Ping , Chou I‐Cheng 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA contention‐based wireless ad hoc medium access control (MAC) protocol, such as carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), has excellent efficiency when the system is light loaded. The main drawback of such protocols is their inefficiency and unbounded delay when the system load is heavy. On the other hand, a contention‐free MAC protocol, such as token passing, has a better and fair throughput when the system is heavy loaded. The main drawback of such protocols is their inefficiency when only a small amount of users want to transmit. In this paper, we propose a new load awareness single‐hop wireless ad hoc MAC protocol (which is called theLAprotocol) that exploits the benefits of both contention‐based and contention‐free protocols. A contention‐based MAC protocol is used when the system is light loaded and a contention‐free one is used otherwise. OurLAprotocol, which operates in a distributed fashion and is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard, can switch smoothly between the contention‐based protocol and the contention‐free one. Simulation results show that our protocol indeed extracts the better part of two kinds of protocols. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Cumulative Risks and Promotive Factors on Urban Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug Use: A Longitudinal Study of Resiliency
Authors: Ostaszewski Krzysztof , Zimmerman Marc A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractResiliency theory provides a conceptual framework for studying why some youth exposed to risk factors do not develop the negative behaviors they predict. The purpose of this study was to test compensatory and protective models of resiliency in a longitudinal sample of urban adolescents (80% African American). The data were from Years 1 (9th grade) and 4 (12th grade). The study examined effects of cumulative risk and promotive factors on adolescent polydrug use including alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. Cumulative measures of risk/promotive factors represented individual characteristics, peer influence, and parental/familial influences. After controlling for demographics, results of multiple regression of polydrug use support the compensatory model of resiliency both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Promotive factors were also found to have compensatory effects on change in adolescent polydrug use. The protective model of resiliency evidenced cross‐sectionally was not supported in longitudinal analysis. The findings support resiliency theory and the use of cumulative risk/promotive measures in resiliency research. Implications focused on utilizing multiple assets and resources in prevention programming are discussed.
Do seasonally fluctuating aquatic subsidies influence the distribution pattern of birds between riparian and upland forests?
Authors: Uesugi Akane , Murakami Masashi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSeasonal fluctuation of allochthonous subsidies influences food web structure and dynamics in recipient communities. This study investigated whether aquatic subsidies influence the dynamics of insectivorous birds in entire catchment. We estimated the prey biomass and bird density in riparian and upland habitats in three catchments in temperate deciduous forests in Hokkaido, Japan. Aquatic prey was found only in riparian forests and the biomass peaked in early spring, while terrestrial prey was equally distributed between habitats and increased in biomass in late spring. Bird density was higher in riparian than in upland forests before bud break, when the biomass of aquatic insects peaked, but was similar in both forests during the rest of the seasons. These results suggest that aquatic prey subsidies are used not only by birds inhabiting riparian forests, but also by birds associated with upland forests. Aquatic prey subsidies may be particularly important in the spring as a critical food resource for survival and the breeding activities of birds, thereby, influencing the population dynamics of bird communities.
Temperature dependent optical properties of single, hierarchically self-assembled GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots
Authors: Benyoucef M , Rastelli A , Schmidt OG , Ulrich SM , Michler P 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of bright photoluminescence emission at room temperature from single unstrained GaAs quantum dots (QDs). The linewidth of a single-QD ground-state emission (≈ 8.5 meV) is comparable to the ensemble inhomogeneous broadening (≈ 12.4 meV). At low temperature (T ≤ 40 K) photon correlation measurements under continuous wave excitation show nearly perfect single-photon emission from a single GaAs QD and reveal the single photon nature of the emitted light up to 77 K. The QD emission energies, homogeneous linewidths and the thermally activated behavior as a function of temperature are discussed.
Traveling waves with paraboloid like interfaces for balanced bistable dynamics
Authors: Guo Jong-Shenq , Hamel François , Ninomiya Hirokazu , Roquejoffre Jean-Michel , Chen Xinfu 
Published: September 2006

Cylindrically symmetric traveling waves with paraboloid like interfaces are constructed for reaction–diffusion equations with balanced bistable nonlinearities. It is shown that the interface (a level set) is asymptotically a paraboloid

z = \frac{c}{2(n−1)}|x|^{2}

, where

(x,z) \in \mathbb{R}^{n} \times \mathbb{R}

(

n⩾2

) is the space variable and

c

is the speed that the wave travels upwards in the vertical

z

-direction. In the two-dimensional case (i.e.,

n = 1

), the interface is asymptotically a hyperbolic cosine curve

z = A\mathrm{\cosh }(\mu x)

for some positive constants

A

and

μ

.

Résumé

Nous montrons l'existence d'ondes progressives à symétrie cylindrique pour des équations de réaction–diffusion dont le terme de réaction est une fonction bistable de moyenne nulle. Les courbes de niveau sont de forme parabolique (ou expontielle en dimension 2 d'espace). Plus précisément, l'interface (n'importe quelle courbe de niveau) se comporte asymptotiquement comme une parabole

z = \frac{c}{2(n−1)}|x|^{2}

, où

(x,z) \in \mathbb{R}^{n} \times \mathbb{R}

(

n⩾2

) est la variable d'espace et

c

est la vitesse de propagation de l'onde dans la direction

z

. En dimension 2 d'espace (i.e.

n = 1

), l'interface se comporte asymptotiquement comme un cosinus hyperbolique

z = A\mathrm{\cosh }(\mu x)

, où

A

et

μ

sont des constantes strictement positives.
Interior estimates for some semilinear elliptic problem with critical nonlinearity
Authors: Esposito Pierpaolo 
Published: September 2006

We study compactness properties for solutions of a semilinear elliptic equation with critical nonlinearity. For high dimensions, we are able to show that any solutions sequence with uniformly bounded energy is uniformly bounded in the interior of the domain. In particular, singularly perturbed Neumann equations admit pointwise concentration phenomena only at the boundary.

Résumé
On étudie les propriétés de compacité pour solutions d'une équation elliptique semi-linéaire avec non-linéarité critique. En hautes dimensions, on démontre qu'une suite de solutions avec énergie uniformément bornée est uniformément bornée dans l'intérieur du domaine. En particulier, les équations de Neumann perturbées singulièrement peuvent avoir des phénomènes de concentration seulement sur la frontière.
Childhood adversities and risk for suicidal ideation and attempts: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: ENNS MURRAY W. , COX BRIAN J. , AFIFI TRACIE O. , DE GRAAF RON , TEN HAVE MARGREET , SAREEN JITENDER 
Published: September 2006

Background. Developmental adversities may be risk factors for adult suicidal behavior, but this relationship has rarely been studied prospectively. The present study examined the association between childhood adversities and new onset suicidal ideation and attempts in an adult population-based sample.Method. The study used a large community mental health survey (the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study; n=7076, age range 18–64 years). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between childhood adversities and new onset of suicidal ideation and attempts over 3 years of longitudinal follow-up.Results. During the study period 85 new cases of suicidal ideation and 39 new onset suicide attempts were observed. The incidence rate for new suicide ideation was 0·67% per year and the incidence rate for new suicide attempts was 0·28% per year. Childhood neglect, psychological abuse and physical abuse were strongly associated with new onset suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 2·80 to 4·66 for new onset suicidal ideation and from 3·60 to 5·43 for new onset suicide attempts. The total number of adversities reported had a strong graded relationship to new onset suicidal ideation and attempts. These associations remained significant after controlling for the effects of mental disorders.Conclusions. Childhood abuse and multiple adversities are strongly associated with future suicidal behavior and the mental disorders assessed in the present study do not fully account for this effect. A comprehensive understanding of suicidal behavior must take childhood adversities into account.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder, tics and anxiety in 6-year-old twins
Authors: BOLTON DEREK , RIJSDIJK FRÜHLING , O'CONNOR THOMAS G. , PERRIN SEAN , ELEY THALIA C. 
Published: September 2006

Background. Previous reports of genetic influences on obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms have suggested moderate heritability. Family history studies of co-morbidity have found familial aggregation with tics, especially for early-onset OCD, and familial aggregation with anxiety disorders.Method. Heritability of OCD and familial aggregation of OCD, tics and anxiety disorders were investigated in a community sample of 6-year-old twins using a two-phase design in which 4662 twin pairs were sampled and 854 pairs were assessed in the second phase by maternal-informant diagnostic interview using DSM-IV criteria.Results. In the multivariate model combined additive genetic and common environmental effects were estimated as 47% for sub-threshold OCD, and the model was unable to distinguish these sources of familial aggregation. There were strong familial aggregations between sub-threshold OCD and tics and between sub-threshold OCD and other anxiety disorders (80% and 97% respectively), although again specific sources could not be distinguished.Conclusions. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis of a tic-related early-onset OCD phenotype, but also with the hypothesis of an anxiety-related early-onset OCD phenotype.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine in the general population: results from a longitudinal community study
Authors: RÖSSLER WULF , LAUBER CHRISTOPH , ANGST JULES , HAKER HELENE , GAMMA ALEX , EICH DOMINIQUE , KESSLER RONALD C. , AJDACIC-GROSS VLADETA 
Published: September 2006

Background.Many patients with psychological or physical problems are interested in non-medical approaches. The reasons for the growing popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are not well understood considering that evidence of the effectiveness of conventional therapies is greater than ever before. We have examined data from the Zurich Study to determine trends and predictors of CAM use in Switzerland.Method.The Zurich Study is a longitudinal community study that was started in 1979 with a sample of 591 participants born in 1958 and 1959. In 1999, the last of six interview waves with face-to-face interviews was conducted. CAM use was analyzed with data from interviews in 1993 and 1999. Polytomous logistic regression analysis focused on the personal, demographic and sociocultural background of CAM users.Results.CAM use in the last 12 months was reported by 21·9% of the participants in 1993 and by 29·5% in 1999. CAM use among those exhibiting either physical or psychological problems was in the ratio of two to one. There was a trend from alternative variants of CAM (homeopathy) to complementary ones (massage, osteopathy, acupuncture). The vast majority of CAM use was in addition to conventional therapies. Predictors of CAM use were, among others, attribution of physical complaints to stress and other psychological variables, very low education level in parents, and lacking political interest.Conclusions.Besides the sociocultural background, characteristics such as the psychological attribution style play an important role in CAM use. CAM use in Switzerland is mainly of a complementary rather than an alternative nature.
Hepatitis A virus infection in people of South Asian origin in England and Wales: analysis of laboratory reports between 1992 and 2004
Authors: GUNGABISSOON U. , ANDREWS N. , CROWCROFT N. S. 
Published: September 2006

SUMMARYThe aim of the study was to determine whether rates of hepatitis A infection are higher in people of South Asian origin compared to the general population, to look for evidence of spread to the general population, and to identify ways to improve preventive strategies. Routine laboratory reports of hepatitis A infection in England and Wales in 1992–2004 were analysed. Study participants were patients with confirmed hepatitis A infection reported to the Health Protection Agency by the diagnosing laboratory. Nam Pehchan software was used to identify patients of South Asian ethnicity. Main outcome measures were comparison of incidence of hepatitis A in South Asian and non-South Asian groups, by age and region. Rates of infection were significantly higher in the South Asian group compared to the non-South Asian group (rate ratio 2·68, 95% confidence interval 2·07–3·47). Patients in the South Asian group had a younger age distribution. Travel was an important risk factor with 85% of those of South Asian origin acquiring their infection abroad, most frequently in the Indian subcontinent, compared to less than one third of those in other groups. Health-care professionals should ensure that all travellers to high-risk countries are protected by hepatitis A vaccination. Targeted information campaigns may be indicated in regions of the United Kingdom for people in South Asian minority ethnic groups.
The Role of Intensity Upon Pitch Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Arnoldner Christoph , Kaider Alexandra , Hamzavi Jafar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectives: Pitch plays a key role in the perception of speech and music, the recognition of a speaker's voice, and in analyzing complex auditory patterns. To date, little consideration has been given to the influence of stimulation level on pitch perception. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a sound's intensity on pitch perception in cochlear implant recipients using monopolar stimulation.Study Design: Thirteen patients with an average implant use of 4.13 years took part in this study. All patients were implanted with MedEl Combi 40/40+ cochlear implants.Methods: In the first part of the study, we performed a pitch ranking procedure to confirm that all patients were able to judge pitch changes. Using a visual scale, study participants were then asked to compare the pitch of an intensity‐constant reference tone with the pitch of a test tone of varying intensity.Results: Eleven (85%) patients were found to perceive a clear change in pitch with changing stimulus intensity. Statistical analysis showed a strong positive correlation in 10 patients (correlation coefficients between 0.99 and 0.71) and a strong negative correlation in 1 patient (r = −0.92).Conclusions: The results suggest that a distinct relationship exists between pitch perception and intensity of the stimulus. To date, speech coding strategies do not support these findings. Nevertheless, we believe that for the optimized most natural perception of sounds, especially music, the described particularities of pitch perception need to be respected, and further investigations on this topic are necessary.
‘Bow and Lean Test’ to Determine the Affected Ear of Horizontal Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Choung Yun‐Hoon , Shin You Ree , Kahng Hison , Park Keehyun , Choi Sung Jun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective: One of the problems in the management of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC‐BPPV) is the difficulty in determining the affected ear using Ewald's second law. The purpose of this study is to develop the new “bow and lean test (BLT)” to easily determine the affected ear of HSC‐BPPV and evaluate its efficiency.Methods: We compared the efficiency between the classic method and BLT in 26 patients with HSC‐BPPV. The classic method is based on Ewald's second law comparing the intensity of nystagmus or symptoms in the head roll test. BLT is based on the direction of both “bowing nystagmus” and “leaning nystagmus” at the head's bowing and leaning state in a sitting position. The affected ear is the same direction of bowing nystagmus in canalolithiasis and the same direction of leaning nystagmus in cupulolithiasis.Results: In 26 patents (15 canalolithiasis, 11 cupulolithiasis), 3 (11.5%) patients did not show a prominent affected ear in the classic method, and 7 (26.9%) patients showed the different affected ear between the two methods. All 10 patients were successfully treated with just one trial of barbecue rotation based on the affected ear in BLT. Three patients did not show any bowing or leaning nystagmus. The side with canal paresis in all four patients, who showed significant canal paresis in bithermal caloric tests, was equal to the affected ear based on BLT.Conclusions: The “bow and lean test” (also called “Choung's test”) is a new method that can easily determine the affected ear of HC‐BPPV.