bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A five-year review of burn injuries in Irrua
Authors: Dongo Andrew E , Irekpita Eshobo E , Oseghale Lilian O , Ogbebor Charles E , Iyamu Christopher E , Onuminya John E 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background
The management of burns remains a challenge in developing countries. Few data exist to document the extent of the problem. This study provides data from a suburban setting by documenting the epidemiology of burn injury and ascertaining outcome of management. This will help in planning strategies for prevention of burns and reducing severity of complications.

Methods
A total of 72 patients admitted for burns between January 1st, 2002 and December 31st, 2006 at the Irrua specialist teaching hospital were studied retrospectively. Sources of information were the case notes and operation registers. Data extracted included demographics as well as treatment methods and outcome

Results
The results revealed male to female ratio of 2.1:1. Over 50% of the injuries occurred at home. There was a seasonal variation with over 40% of injuries occurring between November and January. The commonest etiologic agent was flame burn from kerosene explosion. There were 7 deaths in the series.

Conclusion
Burns are preventable. We recommend adequate supply of unadulterated petroleum products and establishment of burn centers.
A BAC clone fingerprinting approach to the detection of human genome rearrangements
Authors: Krzywinski Martin , Bosdet Ian , Mathewson Carrie , Wye Natasja , Brebner Jay , Chiu Readman , Corbett Richard , Field Matthew , Lee Darlene , Pugh Trevor , Volik Stas , Siddiqui Asim , Jones Steven , Schein Jacquie , Collins Collin , Marra Marco 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe present a method, called fingerprint profiling (FPP), that uses restriction digest fingerprints of bacterial artificial chromosome clones to detect and classify rearrangements in the human genome. The approach uses alignment of experimental fingerprint patterns to in silico digests of the sequence assembly and is capable of detecting micro-deletions (1-5 kb) and balanced rearrangements. Our method has compelling potential for use as a whole-genome method for the identification and characterization of human genome rearrangements.
Full-bore crank-angle resolved imaging of combustion in a four-stroke gasoline direct injection engine
Authors: Ma H , Marshall S , Stevens R , Stone R 
Published: October 2007

The conventional Bowditch piston arrangement in an optical access engine limits the field of view to about half the bore area. By using a transparent crown (with a flat top) and incorporating a concave surface into the underside of the piston, then the piston crown acts as a diverging lens. Appropriate choice of the radius of curvature and the piston crown thickness provides an image of the full bore. There is of course optical distortion in the image but, since the piston position is known for each image, then it is comparatively simple to reconstruct undistorted images and videos. As an illustration of the technique, results are presented here for flame front tracking, and estimates of the combustion temperature and soot loading by a colour ratio pyrometry technique. This full-bore imaging technique is also applicable to many other optical diagnostic techniques. For a motored engine with particle imaging velocimetry and an optical cylinder liner, then the light sheet could enter either through the piston to illuminate a vertical plane or through the cylinder liner and be imaged through the piston. The choice of laser-based combustion diagnostic techniques would be limited by the transmission range of the piston window.
Modified Salter osteotomy for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Eren A. , Pekmezci M. , Demirkiran G. , Cakar M. , Guven M. , Yazici M. 
Published: October 2007

The Salter innominate osteotomy has been used successfully for many years in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip. One of its main drawbacks is the need for internal fixation with pins and their subsequent removal. We describe a modification of this osteotomy that does not require pin fixation and secondary removal. We retrospectively reviewed 114 hips in 94 patients who had been operated on by a single surgeon. An oblique rather than the original horizontal osteotomy was used without internal fixation. There were 80 female and 14 male patients. The mean age at operation was 25 months (18 to 84) and the mean follow-up was 30 months (12 to 88). Most patients required additional open reduction and capsuloplasty. The mean pre-operative acetabular index was 37.9° (24° to 54°), which decreased to 19.9° (7° to 29°) in the immediate post-operative period, and improved to 14.6° (5° to 25°) at the final follow-up (student’s t-test, p < 0.0001). We believe that by changing the direction of the osteotomy line, it is possible to avoid pin fixation. The radiological outcomes are comparable to those of the original technique, but longer follow-up will be necessary.
The genetic predisposition to adverse outcome after trauma
Authors: Giannoudis P. V. , van Griensven M. , Tsiridis E. , Pape H. C. 
Published: October 2007

Technological advances and shorter rescue times have allowed early and effective resuscitation after trauma and brought attention to the host response to injury. Trauma patients are at risk of progressive organ dysfunction from what appears to be an uncontrolled immune response. The availability of improved techniques of molecular diagnosis has allowed investigation of the role of genetic variations in the inflammatory response to post-traumatic complications and particularly to sepsis. This review examines the current evidence for the genetic predisposition to adverse outcome after trauma. While there is evidence supporting the involvement of different polymorphic variants of genes in determining the post-traumatic course and the development of complications, larger-scale studies are needed to improve the understanding of how genetic variability influences the responses to post-traumatic complications and pharmacotherapy.
Association between radiological findings and symptoms at the patellofemoral joint in advanced knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Chang C. B. , Han I. , Kim S. J. , Seong S. C. , Kim T. K. 
Published: October 2007

We investigated the association between the radiological findings and the symptoms arising from the patellofemoral joint in advanced osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Four radiological features, joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, translation of the patella and focal attrition were assessed in 151 consecutive osteoarthritic knees in 107 patients undergoing total knee replacement. The symptoms which were assessed included anterior knee pain which was scored, the ability to rise from a chair and climb stairs, and quadriceps weakness. Among the radiological features, only patellar translation and obliteration of the joint space had a statistically significant association with anterior knee pain (odds ratio (OR) 4.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83 to 12.88 and OR 11.23; 95% CI 2.44 to 51.62) respectively. Patellar translation had a statistically significant association with difficulty in rising from a chair (OR 9.06; 95% CI 1.75 to 45.11). Other radiological features, including osteophytes, joint space narrowing, and focal attrition had no significant association. Our study indicates that the radiological findings of patellar translation and significant loss of cartilage are predictive of patellofemoral symptoms and functional limitation in advanced OA of the knee.
The long-term results of simultaneous fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing total knee replacements performed in the same patient
Authors: Kim Y.-H. , Yoon S.-H. , Kim J.-S. 
Published: October 2007

We compared the results of 146 patients who received an anatomic modular knee fixed-bearing total knee replacement (TKR) in one knee and a low contact stress rotating platform mobile-bearing TKR in the other. There were 138 women and eight men with a mean age of 69.8 years (42 to 80). The mean follow-up was 13.2 years (11.0 to 14.5). The patients were assessed clinically and radiologically using the rating systems of the Hospital for Special Surgery and the Knee Society at three months, six months, one year, and annually thereafter. The assessment scores of both rating systems pre-operatively and at the final review did not show any statistically significant differences between the two designs of implant. In the anatomic modular knee group, one knee was revised because of aseptic loosening of the tibial component and one because of infection. In addition, three knees were revised because of wear of the polyethylene tibial bearing. In the low contact stress group, two knees were revised because of instability requiring exchange of the polyethylene insert and one because of infection. The radiological analysis found no statistical difference in the incidence of radiolucent lines at the final review (Student’s t-test, p = 0.08), most of which occurred at tibial zone 1. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship for aseptic loosening of the anatomic modular knee and the low contact stress implants at 14.5 years was 99% and 100%, respectively, with a 95% confidence interval of 94% to 100% for both designs. We found no evidence of the superiority of one design over the other at long-term follow-up.
Non-operative treatment of large anterior glenoid rim fractures after traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder
Authors: Maquieira G. J. , Espinosa N. , Gerber C. , Eid K. 
Published: October 2007

The generally-accepted treatment for large, displaced fractures of the glenoid associated with traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder is operative repair. In this study, 14 consecutive patients with large (> 5 mm), displaced (> 2 mm) anteroinferior glenoid rim fractures were treated non-operatively if post-reduction radiographs showed a centred glenohumeral joint. After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years (2.8 to 8.4), the mean Constant score and subjective shoulder value were 98% (90% to 100%) and 97% (90% to 100%), respectively. There were no redislocations or subluxations, and the apprehension test was negative. All fragments healed with an average intra-articular step of 3.0 mm (0.5 to 11). No patient had symptoms of osteoarthritis, which was mild in two shoulders and moderate in one. Traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder, associated with a large displaced glenoid rim fracture can be successfully treated non-operatively, providing the glenohumeral joint is concentrically reduced on the anteroposterior radiograph.
A new radiological index for assessing asphericity of the femoral head in cam impingement
Authors: Gosvig K. K. , Jacobsen S. , Palm H. , Sonne-Holm S. , Magnusson E. 
Published: October 2007

Femoroacetabular cam impingement is thought to be a cause of premature osteoarthritis of the hip.The presence of cam malformation was determined in 2803 standardised anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs from the Copenhagen Osteoarthritis Study by measuring the alpha (α) angle and the triangular index, a new measure of asphericity of the femoral head. In addition, the α-angle and the triangular index were assessed on the AP and lateral hip radiographs of 82 men and 82 women randomly selected from patients scheduled for total hip replacement (THR). The influence of varying femoral rotation on the α angle and the triangular index was also determined in femoral specimens under experimental conditions.From the 2803 radiographs the mean AP α-angle was 55° (30° to 100°) in men and 45° (34° to 108°) in women. Approximately 6% of men and 2% of women had cam malformation. The α-angle and triangular index were highly inter-related. Of those patients scheduled for THR, 36 men (44%) and 28 women (35%) had cam malformation identifiable on the AP radiographs. The triangular index proved to be more reliable in detecting cam malformation when the hip was held in varying degrees of rotation.The combination of the α-angle and the triangular index will allow examination of historical radiographs for epidemiological purposes in following the natural history of the cam deformity.
Femoral anteversion
Authors: Tayton E. 
Published: October 2007

In an adult man the mean femoral anteversion angle measures approximately 15°, for which the reasons have never been fully elucidated.An assortment of simian and quadruped mammalian femora was therefore examined and the anteversion angles measured. A simple static mathematical model was then produced to explain the forces acting on the neck of the femur in the quadruped and in man. Femoral anteversion was present in all the simian and quadruped femora and ranged between 4° and 41°. It thus appears that man has retained this feature despite evolving from quadrupedal locomotion.Quadrupeds generally mobilise with their hips flexed forwards from the vertical; in this position, it is clear that anteversion gives biomechanical advantage against predominantly vertical forces. In man with mobilisation on vertical femora, the biomechanical advantage of anteversion is against forces acting mainly in the horizontal plane. This has implications in regard to the orientation of hip replacements.
Arthroscopic synovectomy, removal of loose bodies and selective biceps tenodesis for synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder
Authors: Lunn J. V. , Castellanos-Rosas J. , Walch G. 
Published: October 2007

We retrospectively identified 18 consecutive patients with synovial chrondromatosis of the shoulder who had arthroscopic treatment between 1989 and 2004. Of these, 15 were available for review at a mean follow-up of 5.3 years (2.3 to 16.5). There were seven patients with primary synovial chondromatosis, but for the remainder, the condition was a result of secondary causes. The mean Constant score showed that pain and activities of daily living were the most affected categories, being only 57% and 65% of the values of the normal side. Surgery resulted in a significant improvement in the mean Constant score in these domains from 8.9 (4 to 15) to 11.3 (2 to 15) and from 12.9 (5 to 20) to 18.7 (11 to 20), respectively (unpaired t-test, p = 0.04 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Movement and strength were not significantly affected. Osteoarthritis was present in eight patients at presentation and in 11 at the final review. Recurrence of the disease with new loose bodies occurred in two patients from the primary group at an interval of three and 12 years post-operatively. In nine patients, loose bodies were also present in the bicipital groove; seven of these underwent an open bicipital debridement and tenodesis. We found that arthroscopic debridement of the glenohumeral joint and open debridement and tenodesis of the long head of biceps, when indicated, are safe and effective in relieving symptoms at medium-term review.
Recommendations for the characterization of porous solids (Technical Report)
Authors: Rouquerol J. , Avnir D. , Fairbridge C. W. , Everett D. H. , Haynes J. M. , Pernicone N. , Ramsay J. D. F. , Sing K. S. W. , Unger K. K. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Asymmetric syntheses and lanthanide-induced CD studies of (24R and 24S) 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24,25-pentols
Authors: Dayal B. , Rao K. , Salen G. , Seong W. M. , Pramanik B. N. , Huang E. C. , Toome V. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Synthesis of macrocyclic lactam/lactone derivatives having antimicrobial activity
Authors: Helquist Paul , Bergdahl Mikael , Hett Robert , Gangloff A. R. , Demillequand Marc , Cottard Muriel , Mader M. M. , Friebe Timothy , Iqbal J. , Wu Y. , Akermark Björn , Rein T. , Kann Nina 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
New natural products from terrestrial medicinal plants and marine algae
Authors: Ahmad V. U. , Ahmad W. U. , Aliya R. , Baqai F. T. , Ghazala  , Iqbal S. , Khatoon R. , Mohammad F. V. , Noorwala M. , Perveen S. , Pervez A. , Saba N. , Shah M. G. , Siddiqui S. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Structural and Material Skeletal Phenotypes in C57BL/6J and DBA/2 Second-Generation and Recombinant Inbred Mice
Authors: Lang Dean H , Sharkey Neil A , Mack Holly A , Vogler George P , Vandenbergh David J , Blizard David A , Stout Joseph T , McClearn Gerald E 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
QTL analyses identified several chromosomal regions influencing skeletal phenotypes of the femur and tibia in BXD F2 and BXD RI populations of mice. QTLs for skeletal traits co-located with each other and with correlated traits such as body weight and length, adipose mass, and serum alkaline phosphatase.
Introduction: Past research has shown substantial genetic influence on bone quality, and the impact of reduced bone mass on our aging population has heightened the interest in skeletal genetic research.
Materials and Methods: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses were performed on morphologic measures and structural and material properties of the femur and tibia in 200-day-old C57BL/6J × DBA/2 (BXD) F2 (second filial generation; n = 400) and BXD recombinant inbred (RI; n = 23 strains) populations of mice. Body weight, body length, adipose mass, and serum alkaline phosphatase were correlated phenotypes included in the analyses.
Results: Skeletal QTLs for morphologic bone measures such as length, width, cortical thickness, and cross-sectional area mapped to nearly every chromosome. QTLs for both structural properties (ultimate load, yield load, or stiffness) and material properties (stress and strain characteristics and elastic modulus) mapped to chromosomes 4, 6, 9, 12, 13, 15, and 18. QTLs that were specific to structural properties were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, and 17, and QTLs that were specific to skeletal material properties were identified on chromosomes 5, 11, 16, and 19. QTLs for body size (body weight, body length, and adipose mass) often mapped to the same chromosomal regions as those identified for skeletal traits, suggesting that several QTLs identified as influencing bone could be mediated through body size.
Conclusion: New QTLs, not previously reported in the literature, were identified for structural and material properties and morphological measures of the mouse femur and tibia. Body weight and length, adipose mass, and serum alkaline phosphatase were correlated phenotypes that mapped in close proximity of skeletal chromosomal loci. The more specific measures of bone quality included in this investigation enhance our understanding of the functional significance of previously identified QTLs.
Risk Factors for a First-Incident Radiographic Vertebral Fracture in Women ≥65 Years of Age: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Nevitt Michael C , Cummings Steven R , Stone Katie L , Palermo Lisa , Black Dennis M , Bauer Douglas C , Genant Harry K , Hochberg Marc C , Ensrud Kristine E , Hillier Teresa A , Cauley Jane A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Vertebral fractures in older women signal an increased risk of additional osteoporotic fractures. To identify risk factors for first vertebral fractures, we studied 5822 women ≥65 years of age who had no fracture on baseline radiographs of the spine. Several modifiable risk factors increased an older woman's risk of developing a first vertebral fracture, and women with multiple risk factors and low BMD had the highest risk. Risk factors and low BMD should be useful to help focus efforts to prevent these fractures.
Introduction: Vertebral fractures are a common cause of back pain and disability and signal an increased risk of additional osteoporotic fractures in older women. Little is known about the risk factors for the first occurrence of a vertebral fracture.
Materials and Methods: To identify risk factors for a first vertebral fracture, we studied 5822 women ≥65 years of age from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures who had no fracture on baseline radiographs of the spine. We measured potential risk factors and BMD of the wrist and calcaneus at baseline and BMD of the spine and hip halfway through follow-up. Fractures were assessed by standard methods from spine radiographs obtained at baseline and follow-up an average of 3.7 years later.
Results and Conclusions: In multivariable analyses, older age, previous nonspine fracture, low BMD at all sites, a low body mass index (BMI), current smoking, low milk consumption during pregnancy, low levels of daily physical activity, having a fall, and regular use of aluminum-containing antacids independently increased the risk of a first vertebral fracture. Women using estrogen and those who engaged in recreational physical activity had a decreased risk. The effects of low BMI, smoking, use of estrogen and antacids, and previous fracture were partially mediated by BMD. Women in the lower third of wrist BMD with five or more risk factors had a 12-fold greater risk than women in the highest third of BMD who had zero to three risk factors. The 27% of women at highest risk suffered 60% of the incident fractures. In conclusion, several modifiable risk factors and BMD independently increase an older woman's risk of developing a first vertebral fracture. The combination of risk factors and BMD should be useful for focusing efforts to prevent vertebral fractures.
Immortalization of Cementoblast Progenitor Cells With Bmi-1 and TERT
Authors: Saito Masahiro , Handa Keisuke , Kiyono Tohru , Hattori Shintaro , Yokoi Takamasa , Tsubakimoto Takanori , Harada Hidemitsu , Noguchi Toshihide , Toyoda Minoru , Sato Sadao , Teranaka Toshio 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A cementoblast progenitor cell line designated BCPb8 was successfully isolated from dental follicle cells immortalized with Bmi-1 and hTERT. BCPb8 showed the potential to differentiate into cementoblasts on implantation into immunodeficient mice. BCPb8 was confirmed to be the first established cementoblast progenitor cell line and will provide a useful model for investigating cementogenesis.
Introduction: The dental follicle is the mesenchymal tissue surrounding the developing tooth germ. During tooth root development, progenitor cells present in the dental follicle are believed to play a central role in the formation of periodontal components (cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone). However, little more is known about the biology of these progenitors. Previously, we observed that cultured bovine dental follicle cells (BDFCs) contained putative cementoblast progenitors. To further analyze the biology of these cells, we attempted to isolate cementoblast progenitors from immortalized BDFC through expression of the polycomb group protein, Bmi-1, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).
Materials and Methods: BDFCs were transduced with replication-deficient retroviruses carrying human Bmi-1(LXSN-Bmi-1), and hTERT (LXSH-hTERT) for immortalization. Single cell clones were established from immortalized BDFC, and differentiation into cementoblasts was assessed by implantation into immunodeficient mice.
Results and Conclusion: BDFCs expressing Bmi-1 and hTERT showed an extended life span - 90 population doublings more than normal BDFCs - and still contained cells with the potential to differentiate into cementoblasts on implantation into immunodeficient mice. From these cells, we established a clonal cell line, designated BCPb8, which formed cementum-like tissue that was reactive to the anti-cementum-specific monoclonal antibody 3G9 and expressed mRNA for bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and type I collagen on implantation. Thus, by using Bmi-1 and hTERT, we succeeded in immortalizing cementoblast progenitor cells from BDFC without affecting differentiation potential. The BCPb8 cell line is the first immortalized clonal cell line of cementoblast progenitors and could be a useful tool not only to study cementogenesis but also to develop regeneration therapy for patients with periodontitis.