bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative pressure therapy is effective to manage a variety of wounds in infants and children
Authors: McCord Shannon S. , Naik‐Mathuria Bindi J. , Murphy Kathy M. , McLane Kathy M. , Gay Andre N. , Bob Basu C. , Downey Cara R. , Hollier Larry H. , Olutoye Oluyinka O. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTNegative pressure therapy (NPT) has been accepted as a valuable adjunct for wound closure in adults; however, reports on its effectiveness in young children and infants, including neonates, are limited. A retrospective chart review was conducted on children treated with NPT at a single institution between January 2003 and December 2005. Wound volumetric measurements were calculated at the start and end of therapy. Sixty‐eight patients with 82 wounds were identified. The mean age was 8.5 years (range 7 days–18 years). Twenty patients (29%) were 2 years of age or younger, including eight neonates. Wound types included: pressure ulcers (n=13), extremity wounds (n=18), dehisced surgical wounds (n=19), open sternal wounds (n=10), wounds with fistulas (n=3), and complex abdominal wall defects (n=6). Low suction pressures (<100 mmHg) were generally used in children younger than 4 years of age. Following NPT, 93% of wounds decreased in volume. The average wound volume decrease was 80% (p<0.01, n=56). NPT can be effectively used to manage a variety of wounds in children and neonates. No major complications were identified in our retrospective review. Prospective studies are required to better refine the use of this technology in children.
Surgical wound‐healing complications in heart transplant recipients treated with rapamycin
Authors: Zakliczynski Michael , Nozynski Jerzy , Kocher Alfred , Lizak Maria K. , Zakliczynska Helena , Przybylski Roman , Wojarski Jacek , Zembala Marian 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess the influence of rapamycin (RAPA) used perioperatively on surgical complications in heart transplant recipients. The study group consisted of 28 heart transplant recipients (26M/2F, 49.2±11 years) receiving 15 mg of RAPA before operation, 10 mg of RAPA on the first postoperative day (POD) and 5 mg daily (n=20) thereafter, or 5 mg daily starting on POD 2 (n=8), until the introduction of cyclosporine‐A. A matched historical control group was composed of 28 patients (26M/2F, 49.7±9 years) receiving cyclosporine‐A from POD 1. We compared a number of surgical complications and reinterventions among groups. Statistical significance was assessed using the chi‐square test and the Mann–Whitney U‐test. There were 16 (57%) patients in the study group vs. six (21%) in the control group requiring reintervention (p=0.014). Pericardial tamponade decompression was performed in seven (25%) vs. zero patients, and sternum refixation in seven (25%) vs. zero patients (p=0.015). None of the wounds was infected. The overall drainage volume was 4,213±5,996 vs. 1,911±1,728 mL (p=NS). The frequencies of biopsy‐proven rejection and infection were comparable, except lower cytomegalovirus infection rates in the study group: three (11%) vs. 11 (39%) for the control group (p=0.023). The use of RAPA in the perioperative period of heart transplantation increases the risk of surgical wound‐healing complications.
Antibacterial activity of positive and negative polarity low‐voltage pulsed current (LVPC) on six typical Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens of chronic wounds
Authors: Daeschlein Georg , Assadian Ojan , Kloth Luther C. , Meinl Christina , Ney Frank , Kramer Axel 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe positive effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on wound healing has been shown in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of increased blood flow, protein denaturation, and stimulation of cellular defense, an antibacterial effect of ES is to be expected. Although the antibacterial effect of ES already has been demonstrated in vitro, little attention has been paid to the direct antibacterial effect of changing polarity of the applied current. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of positive and negative monophasic low‐voltage pulsed current on typical Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens of chronic wounds. Using the Dermapulse®‐System, three Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia faecium) organisms were tested against positive and negative polarity low voltage pulsed current. All tested organisms were significantly reduced by ES. The reduction differed significantly between positive polarity and control and negative polarity and control, with the highest log10 reduction factor (RF) achieved with positive polarity. Using positive polarity, the maximum RF was measured for E. coli (median log10 RF 0.83; 25th percentile 0.59, 75th percentile 0.98) and the lowest for S. epidermidis (median log10 RF 0.20; 25th percentile 0.17, 75th percentile 0.24). Yet, there was no significant difference with positive ES against Gram‐positive or Gram‐negative organisms.
Cultural Perspectives of International Breast Health and Breast Cancer Education
Authors: Dow Meneses Karen , Yarbro Connie Henke 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To (a) describe teaching–learning strategies to foster cultural exchange among participants in the Train‐The‐Trainer (TTT) International Breast Health Program; (b) describe participants' perceptions of cultural influences on breast health and breast cancer; and (c) explore lessons learned about cultural influences on breast health TTT educational programs.
Organizing Construct: The TTT curriculum was grounded in the belief that nurses can effectively deliver breast health and breast cancer education, that educational programs must be culturally relevant and sensitive to the needs of the target population, and that an urgent need exists worldwide to reduce the burden of breast cancer.
Methods: A total of 32 nurses from 20 countries participated in three TTT programs held before the biennial meetings of the International Society of Nurses in Cancer Care (ISNCC) since 2000, with follow‐up by E‐mail survey. Narrative descriptions of their perspectives and experiences are reported.
Results: Teaching–learning strategies incorporated cultural values into a TTT program to engage participants in sharing their individual and collective experiences about women with breast cancer.
Conclusions: Developing countries are increasingly multicultural. Developed countries have large immigrant populations that generally maintain the cultural values and practices about breast cancer from the country of origin. These “lessons learned" are important in planning other educational programs.
Reconceptualizing Adolescent Sexual Risk in a Parent‐Based Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Katherine Hutchinson M. , Wood Elyssa B. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To expand the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explicate the influence of parents on adolescent behaviors and describe its application to adolescent sexual risk behaviors.
Organizing Construct: Parents have repeatedly been shown to be among the most significant influences on adolescents' sexual risk‐related attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. However, many of the leading theoretical frameworks for understanding HIV‐related sexual risk behavior are individual‐level models that do not include important influences outside the individual, such as parents and families.
Findings and Conclusions: The proposed expansion of the TPB indicates the conceptual underpinnings for the design of family‐based prevention programs to reduce HIV‐related risk behaviors among adolescents. Additional research is needed to examine the predictive validity of the expanded model, and instrument development is needed for many of the expanded model constructs, most notably the parent constructs.
Developing a Parsimonious Model for Predicting Completion of Advance Directives
Authors: Judy Campbell Mary , Jo Edwards M. , Ward Karen S. , Weatherby Norman 
Published: May 2007

Purpose

: To develop a theory‐based model to assist nurses in promoting self‐determination for completion of an advance directive (AD).
Design and Methods

: This descriptive study included data from a convenience sample of 118 community‐dwelling older adults in Tennessee, USA. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the influence of 15 factors and covariates on completion of an AD.
Findings

: The parsimonious model had three significant factors: receiving AD information; attitude index; and health literacy score. Participants were highly likely to complete ADs if they had positive attitudes toward ADs and had received information on ADs. As health literacy increased, the likelihood that participants completed ADs was reduced. This model explained 25% of the variation in AD completion. Chi‐square fit for the parsimonious model was highly significant.
Conclusions

: Of 15 factors and covariates that could influence completion of an AD, only receiving information about ADs, having positive attitudes toward ADs, and health literacy significantly affected the likelihood of participants completing ADs. More study is needed on this model and how nurses can assist patients with end‐of‐life decisions.
Perspectives of Elderly People on Advance Directives in Japan
Authors: Matsui Miho 
Published: May 2007

Purpose

: To examine perspectives of Japanese elderly people on advance directives (ADs) and factors related to positive attitudes toward ADs.
Method

: The data were collected by a structured questionnaire from 313 of 565 older adult members of senior citizens' centers in two cities in Japan. Survey items pertained to demographic characteristics, terminal care preferences, and personal values, including autonomy, family function, and religious piety.
Findings

: Of the 313 elderly people who completed questionnaires, 72.9% had positive preferences for executing living wills. With regard to durable power of attorney for health care, 62.2% approved of it. The supporters of ADs were more likely to have had discussions about terminal care with family members or physicians, experience of a family member hospitalized for terminal illness or injury, preferences for life‐sustaining treatments that were self‐determined, and personal values such as religious piety. The relationship between positive preferences toward durable power of attorney for health care and sex, marital status, and living arrangements were significant.
Conclusions

: Most Japanese older adults in this study approved of ADs, and family structure was important to the acceptance of designating a proxy. Discussion about end‐of‐life care and respect for life‐sustaining treatment preferences are important decisions, about the end of life.
Toward a Theory of Self‐Reconciliation Following Mistakes in Nursing Practice
Authors: Crigger Nancy J. , Meek Vicki L. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To explore nurses' responses to making mistakes in hospital‐based practice in the US.
Methods: A grounded theory approach was used to explore the process that occurs after nurses perceive that they have made mistakes in practice. Theoretical sampling was used and data were collected until saturation occurred. Ten participants, who were registered nurses, described 17 personal mistakes. The mistakes they described occurred in hospitals. All participants were practicing nursing either in hospitals or in other work settings.
Findings: A process of “Self‐Reconciliation After Making Mistakes in Hospital Practice” was identified, with four distinct categories: reality hitting, weighing in, acting, and reconciling. The core category was reconciliation of the self, personally and professionally.
Conclusions: This research was a first step toward the development of a theory of mistake making in nursing practice. This response to making mistakes is consistent with previous research and is related to cognitive dissonance theory. The responses to mistakes varied from less healthy responses of blaming and silence to healthier responses that included disclosure, apologizing, and making amends. Further research to develop the theory and to determine helpful interventions is suggested.
The Transition of Nurse Practitioners to Changes in Prescriptive Authority
Authors: Kaplan Louise , Brown Marie‐Annette 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To understand nurse practitioners' (NPs) decisions about whether to obtain prescriptive authority for controlled substances, to describe NPs' experiences with providing or prescribing controlled substances, and to describe the relationship between perceived autonomy and prescriptive authority for controlled substances.
Design and Methods: Twelve focus groups were conducted with approximately 100 NPs who attended continuing education conferences. Discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Grounded theory approaches were used for data collection and analysis.
Findings: A core category of Letting go and taking hold characterized Washington State NPs' experience of the transition to prescribing schedule II–IV medications. Three dimensions of the NPs' transition were Resisting change, Ambivalent about change, and Embracing change.
Conclusions: The core category, Letting go and taking hold, indicated how transition to a new scope of practice extended beyond successful passage of legislation, the importance of examining the nature of professional transition that accompanies successful legislative change, and role development as an ongoing process throughout one's career in response to changes in scope of practice. NPs need preparation for a new scope of practice long before legislation actually passes. Revealing and examining this process can facilitate the goal of achieving fully autonomous NP practice.
Relationships Between Change and Organizational Culture in Hospitals
Authors: Seren Seyda , Baykal Ulku 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To define organizational culture in hospitals that have received quality certificates and to identify attitudes of healthcare personnel toward change.
Methods: The population was all physicians and nurses (N=3,067) employed at four private hospitals that have received accreditation or the “ISO” certificate, and four public hospitals, all of which were located within Istanbul city limits. A proportional sample of 570 participants were selected from the eight hospitals. Data‐gathering tools were information form, culture scale, and Attitude Against Change Scale (AACS). Data were evaluated by using descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha coefficient, Chi‐square test, and by t test for dependent groups, one‐way variance analysis (ANOVA), and Tukey test.
Findings: The lowest score averages on the AACS were found in those employed in public hospitals, in those who perceived top executives as autocrats, and in those who were unwilling to participate in quality studies. Participants in a power culture were least open to change.
Conclusions: A collaborative culture was the most evident culture in private hospitals, but in public hospitals the most dominant culture was a power culture.
Sexual Harassment Against Nurses in Turkey
Authors: Çelik Yusuf , Çelik Sevilay Şenol 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To identify the prevalence and sources of sexual harassment against nurses in Turkey, its consequences, and factors affecting harassment experiences.
Design: Descriptive survey. Participants (N=622) were selected from nurses working in eight Ministry of Health hospitals in Turkey.
Methods: Participants were surveyed with a Sexual Harassment Questionnaire, consisting of the sociodemographic characteristics of participants, types of sexual harassment, sources, feelings, ramifications, and ways to cope with sexual harassment behaviors. Frequency and percentage distributions, chi‐square, and logistic regression were used for data analysis.
Findings: The results showed 37.1% of participants had been harassed sexually. Physicians were identified as the primary instigators of sexual harassment. The most common reactions against harassers were anger and fear; frequently reported negative effects of sexual harassment were disturbed mental health function, decline in job performance, and headache. “Did nothing” was the coping method used most commonly by the nurses. About 80% of sexually harassed nurses did not report the incident of sexual harassment to hospital administration.
Conclusions: The lower working status and power of nurses in the workplace, poor working conditions in healthcare settings, and insufficient administrative mechanisms, including the present law and regulations against sexual harassers, were identified as important factors in the work environment in Turkey.
Sexual conflicts, loss of flight, and fitness gains in locomotion of polymorphic water striders
Authors: Goodwyn Pablo Perez , Fujisaki Kenji 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn insect wing polymorphism, morphs with fully developed, intermediate, and without wings are recognized. The morphs are interpreted as a trade‐off between flight and flightlessness; the benefits of flight are counterbalanced by the costs of development and the maintenance of wings and flight muscles. Such a trade‐off has been widely shown for reproductive and developmental parameters, and wing reduction is associated with species of stable habitats. However, in this context, the role of water locomotion performance has not been well explored. We chose seven water striders (Heteroptera: Gerridae) as a model to study this trade‐off and its relation to sexual conflicts, namely,Aquarius elongatus(Uhler),Aquarius paludum(Fabr.),Gerris insularis(Motschulsky),Gerris nepalensisDistant,Gerris latiabdominisMiyamoto,Metrocoris histrio(White), andRhagadotarsus kraepeliniBreddin. We estimated the locomotion performance as the legs’ stroke force, measured on tethered specimens placed on water with a force transducer attached to their backs. By dividing force by body weight, we made performance comparisons. We found a positive relationship between weight and force, and a negative one between weight and the force‐to‐weight ratio among species. The trade‐off between water and flight locomotion was manifested as differences in performance in terms of the force/weight ratio. However, the bias toward winged or wing‐reduced morphs was species dependent, and presumably related to habitat preference. Water strider species favouring a permanent habitat (G. nepalensis) showed higher performance in the apterous morph, but in those favouring temporary habitats (A. paludumandR. kraepelini) morphs’ performance did not differ significantly. Males had higher performance than females in all but three species studied (namely,A. elongatus,G. nepalensis, andR. kraepelini); these three have a type II mating strategy with minimized mating struggle. We hypothesized that in type I mating system, in which males must struggle strongly to subdue the female, males should outperform females to copulate successfully. This was not necessarily true among males of species with type II mating.
Virtual Colonoscopy
Authors: Andresen K. J. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryVirtual colonoscopy (VC) is an emerging technique for colorectal polyp detection in a normal‐risk screening population, in patients who have undergone incomplete colonoscopy, or patients who cannot undergo optical colonoscopy. Improvements in technology since VC's description over a decade ago have improved sensitivity for polyp detection. The current recommendations for VC technique include cathartic bowel preparation and faecal tagging, scanning with multi‐detector computed tomography scanner, 2D and 3D interpretation on a dedicated viewing platform, a standardized system for reporting VC results [CT Colonography Reporting and Data System (C‐RADS)], and suggesting appropriate follow‐up. Given the significant learning curve for performing and interpreting VC, if this technique is to gain credibility, those who perform VC must be well‐trained and must understand the limitations of VC for detection of small lesions and extra‐colonic pathology. Institutional implementation of VC can be challenging. Using this less‐invasive technique to increase patient compliance with colorectal polyp screening (and ultimately the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer) is the goal.
Bone Response Inside Free‐Form Fabricated Macroporous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with and without an Open Microporosity
Authors: Malmström Johan , Adolfsson Erik , Arvidsson Anna , Thomsen Peter 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  The technique of free‐form fabrication enables the production of controlled macroporous geometry inside ceramic scaffolds. Using scaffolds with identical macropore design makes it possible to study a relevant biological response linked to other specific changes of the material.Purpose:  This study investigates the role of open micropores in hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold during early bone healing to quantitatively ascertain whether microporosity in otherwise identical macroporous HA scaffolds can influence the bone response in rabbit tibia and femur at 6 weeks.Materials and Methods:  HA scaffolds (Ø: 3.8 mm) with and without microporosity were randomly installed in both cortical and trabecular bone sites of New Zealand White rabbits. The animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after surgery. Ground sections obtained from en bloc tissues containing scaffold and recipient bone were subjected to histological evaluation and histomorphometric analysis.Results:  Microscopy showed elevated amounts of bone ingrowth and bone contact inside the microporous HA (mHA) group as compared with non‐mHA.Conclusion:  The current study indicates that the presence of open scaffold microporosity in HA, as determined by the fabrication process, enhances the ability of ceramic scaffolds to promote bone ingrowth and bone contact.
Ultrastructure of the Interface Between Titanium and Surrounding Tissue in Rat Tibiae – A Comparison Study on Titanium‐Coated and ‐Uncoated Plastic Implants
Authors: Okamatsu Kae , Kido Hirofumi , Sato Atsuko , Watazu Akira , Matsuura Masaro 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPurposes  The purposes of this study were to prepare experimental titanium‐coated plastic implants suitable for electron microscopy examination of the titanium‐bone interface and the response of tissue surrounding titanium, and to histologically compare surrounding tissue responses in coated and uncoated implants.Materials and Methods  Experimental plastic implants were prepared from a plastic rod coated with a thin film of titanium. Plastic implants without coatings were used as controls. The implants were placed into tibiae of 10‐week‐old male rats. The specimens with implants were harvested 4 weeks after placement and observed under a light microscope, a transmission electron microscope, and a scanning electron microscope.Results  In the transmission electron microscopy, the titanium layer of the experimental implant was a uniform layer that was approximately 150‐ to 250‐nm wide. The new bone formation was observed around both titanium‐coated implants and plastic implants. However, there was no direct bone contact with the plastic implant.Discussion  The responses of tissue surrounding the experimental implants varied. Under an electron microscope, the following areas were observed: (1) an area with a direct contact between the titanium and bone, (2) an area at the interface where an amorphous layer was observed, (3) an area with progressing calcification in the surrounding tissue where the cells were adjacent to the titanium surface, and (4) an area in which bone resorption and apposition were observed and remodeling was thought to be occurring.Conclusion  The experimental titanium was homogenous and was considered to be highly useful in observing the responses of the surrounding tissue to the titanium surface.