bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of surgical and conservative treatment outcomes for type a aortic intramural hematoma
Authors: Yin Li , Wang Jiankai , Qiu Zhibing , Chen Xin , Su Cunhua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to compare hospital and long-term clinical outcomes associated with various treatment methods for Stanford A type aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) to provide a reference for clinical decision-making.

Methods
In this single-center cohort study, we retrospectively analyzed 73 patients with Type A IMH treated at our center from August 1, 2018 to August 1, 2021. Among these patients, 26 were treated conservatively, and 47 underwent surgical intervention. We next compared this IMH cohort with 154 patients with acute type A aortic dissection (AD) who were treated surgically during the same study period.

Results
Computed tomography angiography revealed that the diameter of the ascending aorta of IMH patients treated with surgery was higher than IMH patients treated with conservative therapy (44.92 ± 7.58 mm vs. 51.22 ± 11.85 mm, P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in other clinical parameters. The in-hospital mortality of patients with IMH who underwent surgical treatment was lower than those undergoing conservative treatment (0% vs. 11.5%, P < 0.05). The long-term mortality of the conservative IMH group was higher than the surgical IMH group (26.1% vs. 8.5%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the surgical parameters and postoperative complications between AD and IMH surgery patients. The proportion of circulatory arrest time in the lower body (19.98 ± 9.39 min vs. 17.51 ± 3.97 min) and arch involvement (98 (63.6%) vs. 22 (46.8%)) in the IMH surgery group was lower than in the AD surgery group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Compared with conservative treatment, surgical treatment of IMH significantly improves the survival rate of patients. Thus, surgical intervention should be considered the primary treatment option if feasible. Furthermore, The safety of IMH surgery can be guaranteed just like AD. But we still need in the future evidence on bigger samples.

Graphical abstract
Ginsenosides as dietary supplements with immunomodulatory effects: a review
Authors: Tang Ping , Liu Sitong , Zhang Junshun , Ai Zhiyi , Hu Yue , Cui Linlin , Zou Hongyang , Li Xia , Wang Yu , Nan Bo , Wang Yuhua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImmune disorders have become one of the public health problems and imposes a serious economic and social burden worldwide. Ginsenosides, the main active constituents of ginseng, are regarded as a novel supplementary strategy for preventing and improving immune disorders and related diseases. This review summarized the recent research progress of ginsenosides in immunomodulation and proposed future directions to promote the development and application of ginsenosides. After critically reviewing the immunomodulatory potential of ginsenosides both in vitro and in vivo and even in clinical data of humans, we provided a perspective that ginsenosides regulated the immune system through activation of immune cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, STAT, and AMPK, as well as positively affected immune organs, gut flora structure, and systemic inflammatory responses. However, the evidence for the safety and efficacy of ginsenosides is insufficient, and the immune pathways of ginsenosides remain incompletely characterized. We believe that this review will provide a valuable reference for further research on ginsenosides as dietary supplements with immunomodulatory effects.
CD133 significance in glioblastoma development: in silico and in vitro study
Authors: Abdoli Shadbad Mahdi , Nejadi Orang Fatemeh , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is among the commonly diagnosed brain malignancies with poor prognosis. CD133 has been introduced as an oncogene in various cancers, like GBM. This study aimed to investigate the significance of CD133 in GBM development using in silico and in vitro techniques.

Method
The TCGA-GBM database was analyzed for the correlational and comparative studies. After selecting the U87MG cell line, CD133-siRNA was transfected into U87MG cells and treated with temozolomide. The cell viability, cell cycle, migration, clonogenicity, and apoptosis of groups were investigated using MTT, flow cytometry, wound-healing, colony formation, and annexin V/PI assays. Using qRT-PCR method, the mRNA expression levels of MMP16, SOX2, RAF1, MAP2K1, MAPK3, PIK3CA, AKT3, mTOR, CDK4, and BCL2 were studied.

Results
CD133 silencing improves apoptosis rate, arrests the cell cycle at the sub-G1 phase, suppresses the clonogenicity of U87MG cells, and inhibits the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways via downregulating the RAF1, MAP2K1, MAPK3, PIK3CA, AKT3, and mTOR expression. Besides, combining CD133 silencing with temozolomide treatment considerably inhibits the migration of U87MG cells compared to temozolomide monotherapy.

Conclusion
CD133 can regulate the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways and modulate the clonogenicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle of GBM. Combining CD133 silencing with temozolomide treatment considerably increases apoptosis, arrests the cell cycle at the sub-G1, and suppresses migration of U87MG cells compared to temozolomide monotherapy.

Graphical Abstract
Torso hemorrhage: noncompressible? never say never
Authors: Zhang Lian-Yang , Zhang Hua-Yu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSince limb bleeding has been well managed by extremity tourniquets, the management of exsanguinating torso hemorrhage (TH) has become a hot issue both in military and civilian medicine. Conventional hemostatic techniques are ineffective for managing traumatic bleeding of organs and vessels within the torso due to the anatomical features. The designation of noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) marks a significant step in investigating the injury mechanisms and developing effective methods for bleeding control. Special tourniquets such as abdominal aortic and junctional tourniquet and SAM junctional tourniquet designed for NCTH have been approved by FDA for clinical use. Combat ready clamp and junctional emergency treatment tool also exhibit potential for external NCTH control. In addition, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) further provides an endovascular solution to alleviate the challenges of NCTH treatment. Notably, NCTH cognitive surveys have revealed that medical staff have deficiencies in understanding relevant concepts and treatment abilities. The stereotypical interpretation of NCTH naming, particularly the term noncompressible, is the root cause of this issue. This review discusses the dynamic relationship between TH and NCTH by tracing the development of external NCTH control techniques. The authors propose to further subdivide the existing NCTH into compressible torso hemorrhage and NCTH’ (noncompressible but REBOA controllable) based on whether hemostasis is available via external compression. Finally, due to the irreplaceability of special tourniquets during the prehospital stage, the authors emphasize the importance of a package program to improve the efficacy and safety of external NCTH control. This program includes the promotion of tourniquet redesign and hemostatic strategies, personnel reeducation, and complications prevention.
Why consumers have impulsive purchase behavior in live streaming: the role of the streamer
Authors: LI Xiaolin , Huang Dunhu , Dong Guofeng , Wang Bing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo explore the influencing factors of consumers’ impulsive purchase behavior in live streaming, based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response framework, we construct the model of how streamers influence consumers’ impulsive purchase behavior by consulting literature. Collected data by means of a questionnaire, and made an empirical study by using the structural equation model to explore the mechanism of streamer affecting consumers’ impulsive purchase behavior. The results show that streamer characteristics (personal charisma, professionalism) and streamer performance (interactivity, entertainment) affect consumers’ impulsive purchase behavior by affecting consumers’ trust and flow experience. The empirical results have important theoretical and practical significance.
Perception of affordable diet is associated with pre-school children’s diet diversity in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: the EAT Addis survey
Authors: Abdelmenan Semira , Berhane Hanna Y. , Turner Christopher , Worku Alemayehu , Selling Katarina , Ekström Eva-Charlotte , Berhane Yemane 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite improvements in food access and nutrition security over the last few decades, malnutrition remains a major public health problem. One of the significant contributors to these problems is affordability of nutritious food. This study aimed to examine the association between perceived food affordability and pre-school children’s diet diversity in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from 2017 to 18 were used for the analysis. A 24-hour dietary recall assessment was done to assess children’s dietary diversity (DD). We used a modified operational definition of affordability indicator called perceived affordability of dietary diversity (afford-DD) to evaluate the impact of the food environment in terms of affordability at the household level. A sample (n 4,898) of children aged 6–59 months representative of households in Addis Ababa was randomly selected using a multistage sampling procedure including all districts in the city. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess the association between children’s DD and afford-DD.

Results
The survey revealed that the mean (standard deviation [SD]) of children’s DD was 3.9 [± 1.4] while the mean [SD] of afford-DD was 4.6 [± 2.1]. Overall, 59.8% of children met the minimum dietary diversity (≥ 4 food groups). White roots and tubers were the most commonly consumed food groups regardless of their affordability. Considerable variations were observed between households that reported the food item affordable and not affordable in consumption of Vitamin A rich vegetables and fruits, meat and fish, egg, and dairy. The children’s DD was positively associated with afford-DD after adjusting for maternal education, household wealth status and other relevant confounding. Higher maternal education modified the association between affordability and children’s diet diversity.

Conclusions
This study suggests higher perceived food affordability was associated with better diet diversity in children. A higher level of maternal education had the potential to mitigate affordability challenges in meeting the children’s dietary diversity needs. Our study emphasizes the need for inclusive food programs and nutrition interventions addressing social differences, intensifying efforts to make nutrient-rich diets affordable for the less privileged, and highlights the potential benefits of targeting maternal education in addressing child dietary diversity.
Oxygen-enhanced MRI assessment of tumour hypoxia in head and neck cancer is feasible and well tolerated in the clinical setting
Authors: McCabe Alastair , Martin Stewart , Rowe Selene , Shah Jagrit , Morgan Paul S. , Borys Damian , Panek Rafal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Tumour hypoxia is a recognised cause of radiotherapy treatment resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Current positron emission tomography-based hypoxia imaging techniques are not routinely available in many centres. We investigated if an alternative technique called oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OE-MRI) could be performed in HNSCC.

Methods
A volumetric OE-MRI protocol for dynamic T1 relaxation time mapping was implemented on 1.5-T clinical scanners. Participants were scanned breathing room air and during high-flow oxygen administration. Oxygen-induced changes in T1 times (ΔT1) and R2* rates (ΔR2*) were measured in malignant tissue and healthy organs. Unequal variance t-test was used. Patients were surveyed on their experience of the OE-MRI protocol.

Results
Fifteen patients with HNSCC (median age 59 years, range 38 to 76) and 10 non-HNSCC subjects (median age 46.5 years, range 32 to 62) were scanned; the OE-MRI acquisition took less than 10 min and was well tolerated. Fifteen histologically confirmed primary tumours and 41 malignant nodal masses were identified. Median (range) of ΔT1 times and hypoxic fraction estimates for primary tumours were -3.5% (-7.0 to -0.3%) and 30.7% (6.5 to 78.6%) respectively. Radiotherapy-responsive and radiotherapy-resistant primary tumours had mean estimated hypoxic fractions of 36.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.4 to 56.2%) and 59.0% (95% CI 44.6 to 73.3%), respectively (p = 0.111).

Conclusions
We present a well-tolerated implementation of dynamic, volumetric OE-MRI of the head and neck region allowing discernment of differing oxygen responses within biopsy-confirmed HNSCC.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04724096. Registered on 26 January 2021.

Relevance statement
MRI of tumour hypoxia in head and neck cancer using routine clinical equipment is feasible and well tolerated and allows estimates of tumour hypoxic fractions in less than ten minutes.

Key points
• Oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) can estimate tumour hypoxic fractions in ten-minute scanning.
• OE-MRI may be incorporable into routine clinical tumour imaging.
• OE-MRI has the potential to predict outcomes after radiotherapy treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Efficacy and safety of modified medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Li Hua , Wang Yao , Guo Jing , Zhang Peiqi , Xu Zheng , Peng Kai , Dong Xiaoli , Zhao Liming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet (MCTKD) is previously less commonly used in China. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the modified MCTKD in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in Chinese patients.

Methods
Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy were enrolled to receive treatment with modified MCTKD in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital during December 2020 and September 2022. The modified MCTKD contained fat that provided 50–70% of the total energy, as well as proteins and carbohydrates that provided 20–30% and 20% of energy, respectively. The fat component was composed of 20–30% medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and 30–40% long-chain triglycerides. The efficacy and safety of the diet were assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months.

Results
A total of 123 patients aged 2.5 to 65 years, were included in this study. The response rates at 1, 3 and 6 months were 49.6%, 43.1%, and 30.9%, respectively. The seizure freedom rates at 1, 3 and 6 months were 12.2%, 10.6%, and 6.5%, respectively. The retention rates at 1, 3 and 6 months were 98.4%, 65.0% and 33.3% respectively. Side effects occurred in 21.14% of patients, which were predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation, and most of them resolved after dietary adjustments. A total of 82 patients (66.7%) discontinued the treatment with the reason of refusing to eat (8.1%), poor efficacy (35.0%), poor compliance (4.9%), and inability to follow-up (9.8%). Only 4 patients (3.3%) withdrew the diet due to side effects.

Conclusions
The modified MCTKD with MCTs providing 20–30% of energy has a good safety in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, but its effectiveness needs to be enhanced. Further modifications of MCTKD with an optimal energy ratio are required to achieve a better efficacy and safety.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: New insight of the efficacy trimetazidine in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pramana Ketut Angga Aditya Putra , Cahyani Ni Gusti Ayu Made Sintya Dwi , Pintaningrum Yusra , Rahmat Basuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
This review aims to examine the impact of trimetazidine on skeletal muscle function in patients suffering from peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods
We searched for studies, both experimental and observational research, concerning the comparison of trimetazidine administration to placebo/standard of care in patients with PAD in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane. Meta-analyses of the included studies were performed using Review Manager v5.4. Clinical parameters [ankle-brachial index (ABI) and maximum walking distance (MWD)] were analyzed.

Results
Three observational studies involving 378 participants with PAD satisfied predefined criteria. There was no substantial difference between the examined groups’ on ABI (pre- and post-intervention) (MD = − 0.06 [− 0.19 to 0.07], p = 0.38, I2 = 90%). Meanwhile, MWD improvement was significantly higher (MD = 14.15 [6.05–22.25], p = 0.0006, I2 = 37%) in trimetazidine group than in the control group.

Conclusions
Current evidence from our meta-analysis suggests the beneficial role of trimetazidine's anti-ischemic effect in PAD patients by improving MWD, while it has an insignificant influence on ABI.
Enabling regulatory policy globally will promote realization of the potential of animal biotechnology
Authors: Hallerman Eric , Bredlau Justin , Camargo Luiz Sergio A. , Dagli Maria Lucia Zaidan , Karembu Margaret , Kovich Daniel , Muia Anne Ndanu , Murrone Mariana L. , Rocha-Salavarrieta Pedro Jesus , Romero-Aldemita Rhodora , Tizard Mark , Walton Mark , Wray-Cahen Diane 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Animal biotechnologies have the potential to improve the sustainability and security of our global food systems. Government regulatory authorities are responsible for ensuring the safety of food their citizens consume, whether it is produced via conventional breeding methods or biotechnologies. While some countries have implemented animal biotechnology oversight policies, many countries have yet to develop theirs. Historically, regulatory approvals were required before products of biotechnology could enter the marketplace, and the high cost of the approval process limited the number and types of animal and plant products that sought approval. Only one biotech animal in the world that was developed for food production has reached the market under a GMO or rDNA approval process. The advent of genome editing techniques has revolutionized the scientific approach to introducing changes into DNA sequences and how biotechnology can be used to enhance agricultural breeding. Regulatory dialogs about biotechnology also have changed as a result of these new technologies. Regulatory agencies have begun to respond to these scientific advances, and a growing number of countries are looking to modernize regulatory approaches for these products, based on risk (or lack thereof) and similarity to organisms that could be produced via conventional breeding methods. Advances in animal biotechnology, especially genome editing, can accelerate the incorporation of valued phenotypes in animals, including enhanced yield, disease resistance, resilience to changing climate, and improved animal welfare, as well as food qualities valued by consumers. For animals with these biotechnology-introduced traits to enter agricultural production and reach consumers, clear risk-proportionate regulatory approaches must be in place, and to facilitate international trade of animal products, regulatory processes need to be aligned and compatible. Effective scientific public communication is crucial to build public trust in precision animal biotechnology and risk-proportionate regulatory approaches. An international workshop on regulatory approaches for animal biotechnology was convened in 2022 with 27 countries represented. We synthesize here technical progress, development of regulatory policy, and strategies for engagement with diverse publics on animal biotechnology reported in the workshop. Our goal is to encourage development and implementation of risk-proportionate regulatory approaches and policies in a global context.
Priority-enabled MQTT: a robust approach to emergency event messaging
Authors: Akshatha P S , Divyashree S , Dilip Kumar S M 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents priority support in the Internet of Things to support the reliable and timely transmission of messages during emergencies. The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol is a widely used IoT messaging protocol. However, it does not support the timely and fast delivery of emergency messages. In this regard, this paper proposes to classify the messages into three different queues. The RabbitMQ broker manages virtual queues based on the message type, such as First Come First Served, Critical, and Urgent. In addition, the proposed approach stores the messages in the MySQL database for further analysis. To confirm its efficacy, we compare the Urgent and Critical queues with the current First Come First Served technique in an experimental implementation. Wireshark packet analyzer is used to record packets while messages are being transmitted between clients and the broker to examine end-to-end latency, jitter, response time, and total time. The results show that the proposed approach performs better for high-priority emergency messages.
Sirtuin 3 Mediated by Spinal cMyc–Enhancer of Zeste Homology 2 Pathway Plays an Important Role in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Neuropathic Pain Model
Authors: Zhu Xun , Yi Hyun , Gu Jun , Liu Shue , Hayashi Kentaro , Ikegami Daigo , Pardo Marta , Toborek Michal , Roy Sabita , Li Heng , Levitt Roy C. , Hao Shuanglin 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Clinical data demonstrate that chronic use of opioid analgesics increases neuropathic pain in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of HIV-related chronic pain. In this study, we investigated the role of the transcription factor cMyc, epigenetic writer enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2), and sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) pathway in HIV glycoprotein gp120 with morphine (gp120M)-induced neuropathic pain in rats.

METHODS:
Neuropathic pain was induced by intrathecal administration of recombinant gp120 with morphine. Mechanical withdrawal threshold was measured using von Frey filaments, and thermal latency using the hotplate test. Spinal expression of cMyc, EZH2, and Sirt3 were measured using Western blots. Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against cMyc, a selective inhibitor of EZH2, or recombinant Sirt3 were tested.

RESULTS:
In the spinal dorsal horn, gp120M upregulated expression of cMyc (ratio of gp120M versus control, 1.68 ± 0.08 vs 1.00 ± 0.14, P = .0132) and EZH2 (ratio of gp120M versus control, 1.76 ± 0.05 vs 1.00 ± 0.16, P = .006), and downregulated Sirt3 (ratio of control versus gp120M, 1.00 ± 0.13 vs 0.43 ± 0.10, P = .0069) compared to control. Treatment with intrathecal antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against cMyc, GSK126 (EZH2 selective inhibitor), or recombinant Sirt3 reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in this gp120M pain model. Knockdown of cMyc reduced spinal EZH2 expression in gp120M treated rats. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that enrichment of cMyc binding to the ezh2 gene promoter region was increased in the gp120M-treated rat spinal dorsal horn, and that intrathecal administration of antisense ODN against cMyc (AS-cMyc) reversed the increased enrichment of cMyc. Enrichment of trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine residue 27 (H3K27me3; an epigenetic mark associated with the downregulation of gene expression) binding to the sirt3 gene promoter region was upregulated in the gp120M-treated rat spinal dorsal horn; that intrathecal GSK126 reversed the increased enrichment of H3K27me3 in the sirt3 gene promoter. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that cMyc mediated ezh2 gene transcription at the ezh2 gene promoter region, and that H3K27me3 silenced sirt3 gene transcription at the gene promoter region.

CONCLUSION:
These results demonstrated that spinal Sirt3 decrease in gp120M-induced neuropathic pain was mediated by cMyc–EZH2/H3K27me3 activity in an epigenetic manner. This study provided new insight into the mechanisms of neuropathic pain in HIV patients with chronic opioids.