bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytodiagnosis of multiple myeloma presenting as orbital involvement : A case report
Authors: Sharma Alok , Kaushal Manju , Chaturvedi Nishith K , Yadav Rajbala 
Published: August 2006

Background:
Plasma cell neoplasms represent autonomous proliferations of plasma cells and can manifest as diffuse myeloma with systemic involvement (plasma cell myeloma or multiple myeloma), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), or as variants of plasma cell myeloma such as indolent myeloma, smoldering myeloma, osteosclerotic myeloma, plasma cell leukaemia and non-secretory myeloma. Localized neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells presents as solitary plasmacytoma of bone or extramedullary plasmacytoma. Involvement of orbit can occur as a solitary plasmacytoma, or as part of systemic involvement in multiple myeloma, the clinical outcome being significantly worse in the latter setting.

Case presentation:
A 37 year old male presented with low grade fever showing evening rise, headache, diplopia and swelling in the right periorbital and temporal region. Imaging studies revealed destructive lesion of sphenoid, frontal bone and zygomatic arch with soft tissue component extending to infratemporal fossa and orbit. A fine needle aspirate from the temporal region swelling showed features of a plasmacytoma, and subsequent workup confirmed the presence of systemic disease. A final diagnosis of multiple myeloma with orbital involvement at presentation was made.

Conclusion:
Present case describes the extremely rare presentation of multiple myeloma with orbital involvement and highlights the utility of cytology in such lesions. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of plasmacytoma at extramedullary sites offers an opportunity for non-invasive verification of systemic involvement, and thus plays a major role in early diagnosis and management of these patients.
Identification of 491 proteins in the tear fluid proteome reveals a large number of proteases and protease inhibitors
Authors: de Souza Gustavo A , de Godoy Lyris MF , Mann Matthias 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Background
The tear film is a thin layer of fluid that covers the ocular surface and is involved in lubrication and protection of the eye. Little is known about the protein composition of tear fluid but its deregulation is associated with disease states, such as diabetic dry eyes. This makes this body fluid an interesting candidate for in-depth proteomic analysis.

Results
In this study, we employ state-of-the-art mass spectrometric identification, using both a hybrid linear ion trap-Fourier transform (LTQ-FT) and a linear ion trap-Orbitrap (LTQ-Orbitrap) mass spectrometer, and high confidence identification by two consecutive stages of peptide fragmentation (MS/MS/MS or MS3), to characterize the protein content of the tear fluid. Low microliter amounts of tear fluid samples were either pre-fractionated with one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and digested in situ with trypsin, or digested in solution. Five times more proteins were detected after gel electrophoresis compared to in solution digestion (320 versus 63 proteins). Ontology classification revealed that 64 of the identified proteins are proteases or protease inhibitors. Of these, only 24 have previously been described as components of the tear fluid. We also identified 18 anti-oxidant enzymes, which protect the eye from harmful consequences of its exposure to oxygen. Only two proteins with this activity have been previously described in the literature.

Conclusion
Interplay between proteases and protease inhibitors, and between oxidative reactions, is an important feature of the ocular environment. Identification of a large set of proteins participating in these reactions may allow discovery of molecular markers of disease conditions of the eye.
Multiphoton Ionization and Fragmentation Process of Benzene at 193 nm Involving Ionization of Neutral Fragments
Authors: Mori Yoshihiro , Kitagawa Taiji 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Laser flux dependences of multiphoton ionization (MPI) of benzene and benzene-d6 were measured both in gaseous phase and in molecular beam with ArF (193 nm) and KrF (248 nm) excimer lasers. Several different behaviors were observed at 193 nm in comparison with the MPI at 248 nm : An unexpected enhancement of the MPI efficiency at high laser power involving three-photon ionization process, an unusually small ratio of (C4D4+• + C4D3+ + C4D2+•)/C3D3+ (1—2) compared with the ratio expected from the breakdown diagram (3—5) and a very large isotope effect on the relative intensity of C4H4+•/C4D4+• (0.65). To interpret these phenomena, we propose a new MPI and fragmentation scheme at 193 nm involving two-photon ionization of benzene via the intermediate triplet state(s), possibly T1 and/or T2, and one-photon ionization of C3H3 (C3D3) radical formed via two-photon dissociation of benzene. The observed laser flux dependences of MPI efficiency and intensities of several major ions were analyzed with the rate equation model derived from the proposed scheme. As a result, more than 80% of the observed C3D3+ ions were found to be produced from the C3D3 radical. The analyses also suggest the existence of at least two isomeric species for the C3D3 (C3H3) radical and the C4D4+• (C4H4+•) ions, respectively.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Ruthenium after Solid-Phase Extraction with 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone 4-Oxime into Microcrystalline p-Dichlorobenzene
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A Highly sensitive extraction method has been developed for the spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium after extraction of its 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone 4-oxime (HMNQO) complex into microcrystalline p-dichlorobenzene. The optimum pH range for the extraction is 5.0—7.0. The solid p-dichlorobenzene containing the ruthenium-HMNQO complex is separated by filtration and dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide. The absorbance is measured at 450 nm against a reagent blank. Beer’s law is obeyed upto 10.1 ppm of ruthenium. The molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity are 2.7 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0037 μg cm−2, respectively which is compared with the molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity without using solid phase extraction method (1.4 × 104 and 0.0072). The interference of various ions has been studied in detail.
Studies of the Hydrous Niobium(V) Oxide Ion Exchanger. VI. Rate of the Isotopic Exchange of Strontium Ions between the Exchanger in the Sr2+ Form and Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yamazaki Hiromichi , Inoue Yasushi , Sahara Satoshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The rate of the isotopic exchange of Sr2+ between hydrous niobium(V) oxide in the Sr2+ form and aqueous solution of strontium salts was determined radiochemically. The exchange rate was controlled by the diffusion of Sr2+ in the exchanger particles. The diffusion coefficients of Sr2+ and their activation energy changed with the pH in a solution equilibrated with exchangers. Under the conditions of constant pH, the diffusion coefficients were constant up to a certain concentration of Sr2+ (0.1 mol dm−3, pH 7.5), wherefrom they began to increase. The results were considered in terms of the interaction between the ions and the ion-exchange sites by comparing them with the Na+ isotopic exchange rate on this material.
Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study of α-Chymotrypsin as Relevant to Catalytic Activity in Aqueous–Organic Media
Authors: Tomiuchi Yoshimasa , Kijima Tatsurou , Kise Hideo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The effects of the composition of aqueous–organic mixed solvents on steady state fluorescence emission of α-chymotrypsin were investigated. In all the solvent systems, maximum wavelength of fluorescence emission shifted initially to higher wavelength and then to lower wavelength by increasing water content in organic solvents. The results were interpreted in terms of the changes in microenvironment of tryptophan residues in the enzyme due to conformational modification of the enzyme. The maximum emission wavelength of chymotrypsin is well correlated to its catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester. Activity of chymotrypsin decreased or it was totally inhibited at solvent compositions which give long emission wavelength of the enzyme. The results suggest that the fluorescence spectroscopy may be useful for detection of conformational changes and alteration of catalytic activity of the enzyme.
Syntheses of Naphthoquinone Compounds Using Chromium Carbonyl Carbene Complexes
Authors: Yamashita Masakazu , Ohishi Takahiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The chromium carbonyl carbene complexes bearing an acetoxyl group and a phenyl substituent were found to react smoothly with acetylene compounds to produce naphthoquinone derivatives in good yields after oxidation. This cycloaddition reaction proceeded regioselectively and several naphthoquinones were prepared selectively from the complex and unsymmetrical acetylenes.
An Efficient Method for the Stereoselective Synthesis of β-d- and α-d-Ribofuranosides from 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-d-ribofuranose by the Use of [Catecholato(2−)-O,O′]oxotitanium and Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride
Authors: Suda Shinji , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
β-d-Ribofuranosides are stereoselectively synthesized in high yields directly from 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-d-ribofuranose and trimethylsilylated nucleophiles by the use of [catecholato(2−)-O,O′ ]oxotitanium and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, while α-d-ribofuranosides are prepared predominantly in high yields in the coexistence of lithium perchlorate.
Baker’s Yeast Reduction of α-(Acylamino)acetophenones and Lipase Catalyzed Resolution of 2-Acylamino-1-arylethanols
Authors: Izumi Taeko , Fukaya Katsumi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Enzymatic reduction of α-acylaminoacetophenones with fermenting baker’s yeast afforded optically active (R)-2-acylamino-1-arylethanols. Furthermore, lipase-catalyzed resolution of the 2-acylamino-1-arylethanols using vinyl acetate as an acyl donor resulted in the formation of (S)-1-acetoxy-2-acylamino-1-arylethanols and (R)-2-acylamino-1-arylethanols.
Electrophilic Substitution of 3,4-Dihydrocyclopenta[cd]pyrene and the 3-Ketone
Authors: Minabe Masahiro , Nishimura Ryuuji , Kimura Takao , Tsubota Motohiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Brominaton of 3,4-dihydrocyclopenta[cd]pyrene (1) with bromine yielded predominantly the corresponding 8-bromide; on the other hand, a similar reaction of cyclopenta[cd]pyren-3(4H)-one (2) afforded the 4-bromide. The Friedel–Crafts acetylations of 1 and 2 with acetyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride occurred at sites 8, 6, and 1. The isomeric distribution in the acetylation of 1 was similar to that of 2. The relative reactivity of 2 with 1-acetylpyrene in acetylation was 0.75. The partial rate factor of site 1 of 1 was less than that of the corresponding position of 1-acetylpyrene, in spite of the fact that sites 6 and 8 of 1 were more reactive than the corresponding positions of 1-acetylpyrene. Nitration of 2 using acetyl nitrate in acetic anhydride took place at positions similar to the case of the acetylation of 2; however, the nitration of 1 gave the 5-nitro derivative in addition to the 8, 6, and 1-isomers.
Partial Molar Volumes of Sodium Alkyl Sulfates and Disodium α,ω-Alkanediyl Disulfates in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Tamaki Kunio , Nagai Keiko , Ohara Yoko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The densities of aqueous solutions of sodium alkyl sulfates, H(CH2)nSO4Na (n = 1—6, 8, 10, 12) and disodium α,ω-alkanediyl disulfates, NaO4S(CH2)nSO4Na (n = 2—4, 6, 8, 10) were measured at 25 °C, and the limiting partial molar volumes were calculated. The group partial molar volume of SO4− was estimated to be 44.0 cm3 mol−1.
Iron-Catalyzed Oxidation of 4-Substituted N,N-Dimethylanilines with Molecular Oxygen in the Presence of Benzoyl Cyanide
Authors: Murata Satoru , Teramoto Koji , Miura Masahiro , Nomura Masakatsu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The oxidation of 4-substituted N,N-dimethylanilines with molecular oxygen using a catalytic amount of iron(III) chloride efficiently proceeded in the presence of benzoyl cyanide to give the corresponding N-cyanomethyl-N-methylanilines along with N-methylformanilides.
Lactonization of Hydroxy Ester over Hydrous Zirconium(IV) Oxide Modified by Trimethylsilyl Chloride
Authors: Kuno Hideyuki , Shibagaki Makoto , Takahashi Kyoko , Matsushita Hajime 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The lactonization of hydroxy esters was performed over hydrous zirconium(IV) oxide modified by trimethylsilyl chloride. In the case of both primary and secondary hydroxy esters, lactones were obtained in high yield. In addition, it was elucidated that modified-hydrous zirconium(IV) oxide is superior to hydrous zirconium(IV) oxide regarding selectivity in lactonization.
7Li NMR and 35Cl, 81Br NQR Study of Lithium Ion Conductor LiAlX4 (X = Cl and Br)
Authors: Yamada Koji , Kinoshita Masakazu , Hosokawa Kayoko , Okuda Tsutomu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The dynamic behavior of LiAlX4 (X = Cl and Br) was studied by means of 7Li NMR and 35Cl, 81Br NQR spectroscopies. The motional narrowing processes of the 7Li NMR due to Li+ diffusion were observed above room temperature for single crystals of LiAlX4. The activation energies for these processes were 43.4 and 42.1 kJ mol−1 for the chloride and bromide analogs, respectively. A stepwise decrease in the 7Li NMR quadrupole splitting suggested that the Li nucleus sees time averaged electric field gradient (EFG) arising from several different sites. The modulation effect of Li+ diffusion on the NQR relaxation times was detected only for LiAlBr4 but not for the chloride analog.
A DNMR Study of Restricted Methylene Rotations in Pyridyl-, Pyrimidyl-, and Quinolylmethyllithium
Authors: Yoshino Akihiro , Sakakihara Hiroshi , Takahashi Kensuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The thermodynamical parameters for the title rotations were obtained by means of the DNMR technique. The parameters can be explained in terms of both steric and electronic effects of the substituents introduced. The largest activation energy and entropy were found to be about 122 kJ mol−1 and 153 J K−1 mol−1 for 6-methyl-2-quinolylmethyllithium.
Novel Organic Ions of High-Spin States. III. ESR and 1H ENDOR Studies of a Monocation of m-Phenylenebis(phenylmethylene)
Authors: Matsushita Michio , Nakamura Toshihiro , Momose Takamasa , Shida Tadamasa , Teki Yoshio , Takui Takeji , Kinoshita Takamasa , Itoh Koichi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The monocation of m-phenylenebis (phenylmethylene)(m-PBPM), the first high-spin hydrocarbon cation, has been generated by γ-radiolysis and subsequent photolysis of 1,3-bis(α-diazobenzyl)benzene in s-butyl chloride at 77 K. The system is studied by ESR and 1H ENDOR spectroscopy. Two conformers of the monocation are detected which are associated with spin Hamiltonian parameters of S = 3/2, g = 2.003, D = 0.1350 cm−1, and |E| = 0.0040 cm−1 and S = 3/2, g = 2.003, D = 0.1285 cm−1, and |E| = 0.0055 cm−1, respectively. The off-axis extra lines characteristic of the quartet-state powder pattern ESR spectra were identified. The ground state of both the cations is confirmed to be spin-quartet by the measurement of their ESR intensity at low temperatures. The 1H ENDOR measurement has shown that the electron in the nonbonding π-orbital is removed upon ionization to yield the π-cation. The hyperfine structure due to the divalent 13C was found to be consistent with the electronic structure of the π-cation. A semiempirical calculation of the fine structure parameters D and E has been carried out in terms of spin–spin interaction. The semiempirical calculation and the electronic structure suggest that both the cations are in a trans–trans conformation in contrast to a cis–trans for the neutral m-PBPM. The result is discussed in comparison with the monoanion of m-PBPM.
Behavior of Surfactants in a Highly Loaded Coal–Water Slurry. I. Effects of Surfactant Concentration on Its Properties
Authors: Ogura Tsugitoshi , Tanoura Masazumi , Hiraki Akio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Two types of anionic surfactants and one type of nonionic surfactant were investigated in order to clarify their roles and behaviors in a highly loaded coal–water slurry (CWM) of high coal concentration. Both saturated adsorption of the surfactant on coal particles and its presence in water were found to be necessary to prepare a practical CWM. The adsorption isotherms of the surfactants were described using the “Langmuir” equation. Each surfactant had a characteristic value of saturated adsorption. An estimation method of the required amount of the surfactant to prepare a practical CWM was proposed. The zeta potential of the CWM was found to vary with the coal concentration, and to be controlable using surfactants, thus failing to be a proper measure of the CWM at high coal concentrations.
CMC of Alkylammonium Nitrate Determined by a Novel Method
Authors: Yamauchi Akira , Inoue Minako , Ohgi Hironori , Mito Takatoshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A novel method for the determination of the critical concentration of a micelle formation based on the measurement of liquid junction potential was presented in this paper. The CMC values of the typical anionic and cationic surfactants and the new compounds, alkylammonium nitrates were obtained by using the method. The CMC values of the new compounds were confirmed by means of the conventional methods. In addition, the transport numbers of those compounds relating to the dynamic behavior in solution were estimated and the physical meaning was discussed.
Critical Consideration on the Phase Diagrams of Monolayers Drawn from the π–A Isotherms
Authors: Kato Teiji , Tatehana Atsushi , Suzuki Noboru 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The shape of π–A isotherms of insoluble monolayers on a water surface was determined by balancing the relaxation times of the molecular processes which occur during the compression of monolayers and the time of observation (tob). Here, tob is defined in terms of the reciprocal of the strain rate of compression; to keep tob constant during compression, monolayers should be compressed under a constant strain rate rather than a constant speed. π–A isotherms of high-purity pentadecanoic acid monolayers were measured under two different tob (300 and 3000 s). Phase diagrams of the pentadecanoic acid in monolayers drawn from the π–A isotherms differ considerably upon changing tob by ten times. Therefore, if one wishes to draw a phase diagram from the results of the temperature dependence of the π–A isotherm, tob of the measurements should be annexed to compare these results with those of other investigators. The so-called solid film region of the monolayers at low temperatures disappeared for isotherms measured at longer tob than 3000 s, in contrast to the general sense of relaxation phenomena. This was explained by the large deviation from πesp of the pentadecanoic acid at the lower end of the solid film region (21 mN m−1) at lower temperatures.
In-Plane Anisotropy in Mixed Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Triphenylene Derivatives and 2,4,7-Trinitro-9-fluorenone
Authors: Ogawa Kimiya , Yonehara Hisatomo , Pac Chyongjin , Maekawa Eturô 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Monolayers and Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaalkoxytriphenylenes (CnOTP; n denotes the number of carbon atoms per alkyl chain substituent; n = 3—6) and their charge transfer (CT) complexes with 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) were studied. It was found that the surface pressure applicable for the deposition of LB film increases as the length of alkyl chain of the peripheral substituents decreases. Polarized UV-vis and infrared spectra for the LB films of the CT complexes can be explained consistently with the following model of molecular assembly: The long axes of one-dimensionally stacked molecular columns are preferentially oriented along the dipping direction in the LB films. Marked in-plane dichroism was observed for the LB films of the CT complexes while the LB film of CnOTP without TNF showed only a little dichroism.
Ligand Effect on the Electrochemical Oxidation of trans-[Ru(NO2)X(py)4]n (n = 0 for X = NO2, n = + for X = NH3). Reactivity of Coordinated Nitro (RuII–NO2) to Give Monooxygen Moiety (RuIV=O) Depends on the Ambient Ligand (X)
Authors: Nagao Noriharu , Nagao Hirotaka , Nishimura Hisatoshi , Kuroda Hiroshi , Satoh Katsuyuki , Howell F Scott , Mukaida Masao 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of trans-[Ru(NO2)X(py)4]n(n = 0 for X = NO2 and n = + for NH3) in CH3CN was investigated at various temperatures. trans-[RuII(NO2)2(py)4] undergoes a one-electron oxidation to give trans-[RuIII(NO2)2(py)4]+. Rapid chemical reactions (nitro–nitrito isomerization, dimeric intermediate formation, and its disintegration) follow in succession until nearly equal amounts of trans-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(py)4]2+ and trans-[RuII(NO2)(solvent)(py)4]+ are generated as the final products. Essentially the same result was found in trans-[Ru(NO2)(NH3)(py)4]+. These results were quite different from those observed previously in the electrochemical oxidation of trans-[RuIICl(NO2)(py)4], where both trans-[RuIVCl(O)(py)4]+ and trans-[Ru(NO)Cl(py)4]2+ were generated directly by one-electron oxidation. We conclude that the different electrochemical behavior between trans-[RuCl(NO2)(py)4] and trans-[Ru(NO2)X(py)4]n (X = NO2 and NH3) stems primarily from a different disintegration mode of the above-mentioned dimeric intermediate species.
Separation and Concentration of Tin(IV) by Co-precipitation with Gallium Phosphate for Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Kagaya Shigehiro , Ueda Joichi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Gallium phosphate co-precipitates quantitatively 0.5—5.0 μg of tin(IV) from 100 to 500 cm3 of a sample solution at pH 3.0—6.0. After co-precipitation, tin(IV) can be sensitively determined by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. The atomic absorbance of tin(IV) increases by about 1.7 times in the presence of gallium. Although many ions interfere with the determination, interference from the majority can be eliminated by using a graphite furnace impregnated with hafnium, which also improves the sensitivity and reproducibility of the determination. Tellurium(IV) and zirconium(IV) interfere seriously. The calibration curve is linear from 0.02 to 0.20 μg cm−3 for tin(IV), and the detection limit (signal/noise = 2) is 0.23 ng cm−3 of tin(IV) in 500 cm3 of the initial sample solution. This method is applicable to the analyses of water samples for tin(IV).
Preparation of Cyclodextrin Precipitates with Volatile Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Media, and Determination of Hydrocarbon/Cyclodextrin Molar Ratios in the Precipitates
Authors: Sanemasa Isao , Wu Yue , Koide Yuuki , Shigenaga Masako , Ishibashi Kazunari , Deguchi Toshio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A technique is proposed to prepare cyclodextrin (CyD) precipitates with volatile hydrocarbons. On introducing the vapor of a liquid or solid hydrocarbon into α-, β-, or γ-CyD in an aqueous solution and circulating it in a closed system, CyD can be easily precipitated. The CyD precipitates isolated from aqueous solutions were analyzed for the hydrocarbon/CyD molar ratio. The concentration of CyD in the supernatant aqueous solution was also measured. The technique has been applied at 25 °C to such hydrocarbons as n-alkanes (C5 to C10), cyclohexane, halobenzenes(fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-benzene), p-difluorobenzene, benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, and diphenylmethane. Precipitates were also prepared in β-CyD solutions with the vapor of C5—C9 mixtures at various mixing ratios.