bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tob Regulates the Timing of Sleep Onset at Night inDrosophila
Authors: Han Emily , Lee Sang Soo , Park Kristen H. , Blum Ian D. , Liu Qiang , Mehta Anuradha , Palmer Isabelle , Issa Habon , Han Alice , Brown Matt P. , Sanchez-Franco Victor M. , Velasco Miguel , Tabuchi Masashi , Wu Mark N. 
Published: March 2024

Sleep is regulated by homeostatic sleep drive and the circadian clock. While tremendous progress has been made in elucidating the molecular components of the core circadian oscillator, the output mechanisms by which this robust oscillator generates rhythmic sleep behaviour remain poorly understood. At the cellular level, growing evidence suggests that subcircuits in the master circadian pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals and in the clock network inDrosophilaregulate distinct aspects of sleep. Thus, to identify novel molecules regulating the circadian timing of sleep, we conducted a large-scale screen of mouse SCN-enriched genes inDrosophila. Here, we show that Tob (Transducer of ERB-B2) regulates the timing of sleep onset at night in female fruit flies. Knockdown of Tob pan-neuronally, either constitutively or conditionally, advances sleep onset at night. We show that Tob is specifically required in “evening neurons” (the LNds and the 5ths-LNv) of the clock network for proper timing of sleep onset. Tob levels cycle in a clock-dependent manner in these neurons. Silencing of these “evening” clock neurons results in an advanced sleep onset at night, similar to that seen with Tob knockdown. Finally, sharp intracellular recordings demonstrate that the amplitude and kinetics of LNd post-synaptic potentials (PSPs) cycle between day and night, and this cycling is attenuated with Tob knockdown in these cells. Our data suggest that Tob acts as a clock-output molecule in a subset of clock neurons to potentiate their activity in the evening and enable the proper timing of sleep onset at night.Significance SummaryWell-timed, high quality sleep is critical for human health and function. Elucidating how sleep is regulated by the circadian clock may reveal molecular targets for intervening in this process. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying clock regulation of sleep is limited. From a high-throughput behavioral screen inDrosophila, we identified a novel clock output genetob(transducer of erb-b2) required for proper timing of sleep onset at night. Tob levels cycle under clock control, and we show that Tob facilitates post-synaptic potentiation in a specific population of clock neurons. Our work suggests a molecular mechanism by which the clock regulates sleep onset by potentiating the function of a subset of clock neurons at night.
Inovasi Produk Olahan Jagung dan Kerang Darah Untuk Atasi Stunting
Authors: Katili Abubakar Sidik , Lamondo Djuna , Kasim Vivien Noveriana A. 
Published: March 2024

Stunting adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang mengkhawatirkan dan menjadi perhatian banyak negara termasuk Indonesia. Dalam hal ini, desa Persatuan Kecamatan Popayato Barat Kabupaten Pohuwato mengalami tingginya tingkat stunting. Program ini bertujuan sebagai sebuah bentuk solusi alternatif dalam mengatasi stunting dan mengoptimalkan kemampuan masyarakat dalam mengolahan sumber daya pangan lokal menjadi produk yang memiliki nilai gizi yang memenuhi syarat. Metode pelaksanaan dalam program ini dalam bentuk focus group discusion (FGD) antara tim dosen dan mahasiswa KKN dengan pihak mitra dalam hal ini pemerintah Kabupaten, pemerintah Kecamatan Desa, pelatihan bagi perangkat dan aparat desa, kader kesehatan dan masyarakat, pelatihan dan pendampingan praktek pengolahan pangan lokal sebagai bahan pangan untuk mengatasi stunting, sosialisasi tentang pangan lokal sebagai bahan pangan untuk mengatasi stunting, serta penguatan kelembagaan. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 6 orang mahasiswa yang berasal dari berasal dari beberapa program studi yang ada di Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Pelaksanaan program melibatkan mahasiswa dalam kegiatan MBKM (Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka) yang direkognisi ke dalam 20 SKS. Kegiatan MBKM yang dapat dilakukan yaitu Proyek Desa, KKN (Kuliah Kerja Nyata) MBKM Peduli Stunting dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. Mahasiswa yang terlibat dalam Proyek Desa dan KKN MBKM Peduli Stunting yaitu sebanyak 6 mahasiswa. Hasil program yang dicapai yakni telah terlaksananya bentuk strategi pencegahan stunting melalui pemeberian produk pagan berbasis lokal, produk yang diberikan adalah olahan fermentasi dari jagung pulut dan bakso kerang darah serta talur puyuh, selain itu dalam proses pencegahan stunting mahasiswa KKN telah melaksanakan pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan kegiatan pelatihan olehan produk lokal yang mengandung protein dan zink yang dapat mencegah stunting. Adanya sebuah bentuk strategi dalam mengelola dan memanfaatkan pangan lokal yang berbasis masyarakat dalam Membantu program pemerintah kabupaten Pohuwato dan pemerintah provinsi Gorontalo dalam rangka pencegahan stunting di Desa Pesrstuan Kecamatan Poayato Barat Kabupaten Pohuwato
Predictors of the Outcome at 2 Years in Neonates With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Fourgeaud Jacques , Magny Jean-François , Couderc Sophie , Garcia Patricia , Maillotte Anne-Marie , Benard Melinda , Pinquier Didier , Minodier Philippe , Astruc Dominique , Patural Hugues , Parat Sophie , Guillois Bernard , Garenne Armelle , Guilleminot Tiffany , Parodi Marine , Bussières Laurence , Ghout Idir , Ville Yves , Leruez-Ville Marianne 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Approximately 20% of neonates with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) develop long-term sequelae. The ability to accurately predict long-term outcomes as early as the neonatal period would help to provide for appropriate parental counseling and treatment indications. With this study, we aimed to identify neonatal predictive markers of cCMV long-term outcomes.

METHODS
As this study’s subjects, we chose neonates diagnosed with cCMV in 13 hospitals throughout France recruited from 2013 to 2017 and evaluated for at least 2 years with thorough clinical, audiology, and imaging evaluations and psychomotor development tests.

RESULTS
A total of 253 neonates were included, and 3 were later excluded because of the identification of a genetic disorder. A total of 227 were followed up for 2 years: 187/227 (82%) and 34/227 (15%) were infected after a maternal primary or nonprimary infection, respectively, 91/227 (40%) were symptomatic at birth, and 44/227 (19%) had cCMV sequelae. Maternal primary infection in the first trimester was the strongest prognosis factor (odds ratio = 38.34 [95% confidence interval, 5.02–293], P &lt; .001). A predictive model of no risk of sequelae at 2 years of age according to normal hearing loss at birth, normal cerebral ultrasound, and normal platelet count had 98% specificity, 69% sensitivity, and 0.89 area under the curve (95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.96).

CONCLUSIONS
In the studied population, children with normal hearing at birth, normal platelet count at birth, and a normal cranial ultrasound had no risk of neurologic sequelae and a low risk of delayed unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The use of this model based on readily available neonatal markers should help clinicians establish a personalized care pathway for each cCMV neonate.
Psychotropic Medication Administration in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Foster Ashley A. , Hoffmann Jennifer A. , Qayyum Zheala , Porter John J. , Monuteaux Michael , Hudgins Joel 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Visits by youth to the emergency department (ED) with mental and behavioral health (MBH) conditions are increasing, yet use of psychotropic medications during visits has not been well described. We aimed to assess changes in psychotropic medication use over time, overall and by medication category, and variation in medication administration across hospitals.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of ED encounters by youth aged 3–21 with MBH diagnoses using the Pediatric Health Information System, 2013–2022. Medication categories included psychotherapeutics, stimulants, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antihypertensives, and other. We constructed regression models to examine trends in use over time, overall and by medication category, and variation by hospital.

RESULTS
Of 670 911 ED encounters by youth with a MBH diagnosis, 12.3% had psychotropic medication administered. The percentage of MBH encounters with psychotropic medication administered increased from 7.9% to16.3% from 2013–2022 with the odds of administration increasing each year (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.13). Use of all medication categories except for antianxiety medications increased significantly over time. The proportion of encounters with psychotropic medication administered ranged from 4.2%–23.1% across hospitals (P &lt; .001). The number of psychotropic medications administered significantly varied from 81 to 792 medications per 1000 MBH encounters across hospitals (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Administration of psychotropic medications during MBH ED encounters is increasing over time and varies across hospitals. Inconsistent practice patterns indicate that opportunities are available to standardize ED management of pediatric MBH conditions to enhance quality of care.
Embodied Resilience: A Quasi-Experimental Exploration of the Effects of a Trauma-Informed Yoga and Mindfulness Curriculum in Carceral Settings
Authors: Rousseau Danielle , Bourgeois Jennifer Wyatt , Johnson Josephine , Ramirez Lacey , Donahue Marissa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Individuals who are incarcerated likely experience trauma or exacerbate existing trauma, which has significant health risks. Trauma-informed care aims to address the experienced trauma. The current study explored the effect of a trauma-informed yoga and mindfulness curriculum in carceral settings. In this quasi-experimental study, participants (n = 326) were assigned to either six weekly sessions of 60-minute group trauma-informed yoga and mindfulness or a waitlist control condition. Stress and mood were measured pre- and postclass, whereas coping, emotional awareness, emotional regulation, anxiety, anger management, compassion, self-compassion, forgiveness, and posttraumatic growth were measured pre- and postcurriculum. The trauma-informed group showed a significant increase in mood and decrease in stress after participation in class. Participants were more likely to use positive coping skills, experienced greater levels of forgiveness, and were more likely to experience posttraumatic growth after completing programming as compared to a control group. Qualitative data highlighted perceived improvements in mood, physical health, communication with peers, coping with anxiety and anger, focus and self-control, optimism, acceptance, and open-mindedness. The qualitative data also demonstrated the importance of supportive relationships outside of participants’ peers (i.e., instructors). Outcomes suggest benefit of a trauma-informed yoga and mindfulness curriculum in aiding people who are incarcerated in supporting mental and physical well-being and building resilience.
Impact of case-based learning approach in clinical microbiology on second-year students: A prospective observational study
Authors: T Lakshmi  Jyothi , Wajid M , M Saranya , Naaz Shazia , Hada Vivek , Rani Usha , Suravaram Swathi , K Ariyanachi 
Published: March 2024

Case-based learning (CBL) is an interactive student-centred exploration of real-life situations. It has been used in addition to didactic lectures (DL) in the medical curriculum for strengthening the students' critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and better understanding of the disease and its management. 100 students were divided into 2 groups. Group A was exposed to CBL first and didactic lectures later and Group B were exposed to didactic lectures and then to CBL, with pre and post tests conducted with questionnaire each time. 91% of the students were satisfied with the newer teaching learning method and 94% of the students felt the teaching method must be student centric. CBL revealed improvised learning among the students and enhanced their communication skills and long term memory, while with didactic lectures, the students seemed not too keen on applying and implementing the topics.
Assessment of treatment outcome among HIV positive tuberculosis patients in Visakhapatnam
Authors: Sushma Kuppli Sai , Bhimarasetty Devi Madhavi , Lotheti Siva Kumar 
Published: March 2024

In March 2016, RNTCP revised its technical and operational guidelines. One of the major additions was introduction of Daily Regimen in the treatment of Drug sensitive TB, started initially among TB-HIV co-infected patients in 2017. The present study was taken up to assess the treatment outcomes of Tuberculosis among TB-HIV co-infected patients and certain factors related to the poorer outcome of the treatment.An Observational Longitudinal study conducted at an ART centre, attached to King George Hospital in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, among all TB-HIV co-infected patients newly diagnosed with Drug Susceptible Tuberculosis, aged above 18years, at the selected ART centre, from the month of June 2018 to December 2018. The sample size calculated was 88 with an absolute precision of 10. Ethical clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee, Andhra Medical College; Written informed consent from all the study participants were taken prior to start of study. Confidentiality of the study participants was maintained Qualitative variables were presented as proportions. Analytical statistics include chi-square test and regression analysis. 74% of the patients had a favourable treatment outcome, 15% of the patients died and 11% of the patients were lost to follow up. Occupational status of the study participant, Socio- economic class, tobacco using habit and their CD4 counts had a statistically significant impact on their TB treatment outcome.CD4 count below 200cells/mm, Tobacco use, Diabetes Mellitus- factors responsible for unfavourable treatment outcome of Tuberculosis treatment Case-specific approaches among LFUs may be carried out to bring improvements in the strategies which are already existing or framing new strategies.
Cross sectional study on the molecular detection of Hepatitis B virus in patients with chronic liver disease in Guntur, India revealed mutations in Genotype A of occult HBV
Authors: Murty Darbha S , Kolli Prasanthi , Jyothi Pendyala , Metta Muralidhar , Kavitha Anumula , Lokeshu Talapagala 
Published: March 2024

The present study was aimed at the molecular detection of HBV infection among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and to study the mutation spectrum S-gene region in the occult HBV strains. An observational study conducted on 200 clinically diagnosed CLD cases enrolled from the Gastroenterology unit. Two hundred serum samples were screened with Fibroscan and for HBsAg, HBCT and estimated liver enzymes. Samples positive for either HBsAg or Anti HBc total were further evaluated for other HBV markers and presence of HBV DNA. The S region was amplified in occult CHB cases and sequenced. 70.5% (141) of the patients with CLD were suffering with Chronic Hepatitis B virus (CHB). The HBV DNA was detected in 19.14% patients. Four cases were in occult phase. Two samples of them could be amplified. The isolates belong to the genotype A, and revealed certain mutations leading to novel amino acids. Mutations in the S gene sequences of HBV virus from the Occult HBV infection (OBI) patients would lead to immune escape or cause occult infection. In the Genotype A at two positions, amino acids that are likely to cause occult infection are observed apart from mutations at certain positions leading to novel amino acids.
Establishing pathology museum in a new medical college: Processes and challenges
Authors: P V Nikhil , Minal Jessica , Edupuganti Himasree , Shetty Archana , Sandeepa Supriya , Mahadev Sandhyarani Kanna , Gaffoor Nidha , Muralidhar Aparna , Nagabhushan Bhargavi K , Murali Nirupama 
Published: March 2024

A good pathology museum is intended to strengthen the intellectual material for the undergraduate students and visits to a pathology museum are an indispensable part of teaching pathology to medical students. The preservation of anatomy of pathological specimen is of utmost importance as the new successful current methods of therapy are changing the picture of diseases beyond recognition. We aim to elaborate the processes, difficulties and challenges faced in developing and setting up the pathology museum in a nascent medical college in a rural area. The new museum was set up in accordance with the guidelines provided by the National Medical Commission in addition to the guidelines of the state university. Literature search and discussions with other medical colleges all over the country also played an important role in the setting up of the museum. Our effort is to present our experience as hands on experience for setting up a pathology museum from a scratch for the pathologists, students and the technicians and also to increase the awareness to utilize the museum for innovative and interactive learning sessions for students by usage of QR coded specimens, museum catalogues, interactive E-kiosks and maintaining of log books.
Retrospective analysis of acute appendicitis in COVID-19 pandemic – A clinical study of 100 cases
Authors: Roy Debashisha , Majhi Harekrishna , Mallick Manas Ranjan 
Published: March 2024

Acute appendicitis is a very common abdominal emergency condition. The incidence varies from 5.7 to57 patient /lakh population per year in the world wide survey. It is frequent in both sexes, But highest in children & adolescences. Presentation of this condition is some time so confusing that it should be distinguished from other acute abdominal conditions in proper time and appropriate measures should be taken to treat the patients to avoid unwanted complications, this complication is probably more complicated in COVID-19 pandemic period. This study is designed to compare acute appendicitis cases in relation to clinical features, gradation of disease & post operative complications before COVID-19 (June 2019-March 2020) and during COVID-19 pandemic period (April 2020-October 2021). METHOD-Cases of the study were divided into 2-groups.Group-A (65 cases) in pre- pandemic period and Group-B (35 cases) in pandemic period. The study is based on the clinico-radiological features, laboratories investigations and gradation of disease. Gradation: Grade-I (probably appendicitis), Grade-II (definite appendicitis), Grade-III (perforation of appendices), Grade-IV (appendicular abscess), Grade-V (complicated appendicitis/ appendicular lump). Out of 100 enrolled cases 65 belongs to pre pandemic and 35 in pandemic period. It was found that increase in post-operative complications, were more in higher grade groups during pandemic periods. The COVID-19 pandemic has great impact on diagnosis, treatment and increased complications in post operative period of acute appendicitis, probably due to late presentation in emergency department. Pandemic directly or indirectly affect the outcome of a disease process and management.
A retrospective study of clinical profile of para-phenylenediamene poisoning (hair dye poisoning) in cases admitted in medical college
Authors: Ahuja Neha , Kamboj Kanwal , Sinha Amrita , Nigam Nilam 
Published: March 2024

India has a high suicide rate and a large proportion of these suicides occur through poisoning. Poisoning by Hair dye has been increasing and constitutes a large proportion of the poisoning cases. The principle toxic constituent of Hair dye poisoning is Paraphenylenediamine (PPD).Present study was done by analyzing the demographic profile, clinical presentation, biochemical profile, life saving interventions and mortality in cases of PPD poisoning. This study was conducted on 80 cases. Angioedema, pain in oral cavity, dark coloured urine, oro-facial edema were main clinical features. Raised TLC count, elevated liver enzymes (sgpt, sgot), elevated serum creatinine, hypocalcemia, elevated bilirubin, low haemoglobin.Paraphenylene diamine poisoning is developing now days due to easy obtainability and low cheap price. It is more common in poor, illiterate, married females of younger age group living in rural areas. Aggressive treatment and Tracheostomy can save life of Patients.
Histopathological spectrum of skin lesions in a tertiary health care centre – A retrospective study
Authors: Mahapatra Rashmi Rekha , Das Rupa , Mishra Shree Kumar Chinmayananda , Prusty Gouranga Charan , Samal Smita Rani 
Published: March 2024

Skin is the body’s largest and most complex organ, performing a wide range of functions. Environmental factors, genetics, cleanliness standards and social norms all influence the type of skin lesions that exist in different countries and regions. The skin lesions can vary from inflammatory to neoplastic. In clinically alike dermatoses, skin biopsy is used to provide significant information to the pathologist and dermatologist. The aim of the study is to identify and discuss the histopathology of different types of skin lesions, as well as their prevalence, age, sex distribution and location of lesions among hospital patients and compare the results with other relevant studies. The study was a retrospective observational study undertaken for the duration of three years in the Pathology Department of a tertiary health care center. Skin biopsy slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin were studied and classified after a detailed histopathological study under light microscope. 178 cases of skin lesions in total were evaluated having a 1.5:1 male to female ratio. Nonneoplastic lesions constituted 30.33% of skin lesions, while benign and malignant tumors constituted 55.05% and 14.6% of skin lesions respectively. In neoplastic lesions, keratinocytic tumors were the most common tumor type. The most common malignant tumor was squamous cell carcinoma, whereas epidermal inclusion cyst was the most prevalent benign tumor. The head and neck were the most prevalent sites for skin lesions. Most of the skin lesions can be accurately diagnosed by histopathological evaluation of biopsy of lesions in combination with clinical findings.
To study the profile of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR) TB patients on shorter regimen at a tertiary care Centre of North India
Authors: Gautam Aditya Kumar , Yadav Prashant , Gupta Ashish Kumar , Kumar Adesh , Rai Shashank Kumar , Singh Naresh Pal 
Published: March 2024

The effectiveness of shorter regimen for the treatment of MDR-TB patients was found in the study done by Damien Foundation in Bangladesh, therefore we planned to study the profile MDR-TB patients who were taking shorter regimen so that various factors can be explored related to this regimen in Indian scenario.This was a prospective longitudinal study done in respiratory medicine department between January 2020 to December 2021. There were 177 patients of MDR/ RR pulmonary TB were identified and as per inclusion criteria and based on exclusion criteria 84 patients were excluded therefore our study population comprised of 93 remaining patients those who filled the study protocol, their treatment (Injectable shorter regimen ) and follow up investigations done as per programmatic management of drug resistant TB guideline of National TB elimination programme. There were 55(59%) males and 38(41%) were females and mean age of patient was 31±15.11 years (range 4-82 years). Out of 93 patients 27(29%) were smokers and 25(27%) were alcoholics and the most common symptom was fever 92(98.9%). The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus 11(11.9%). The most common minor side effect seen was GI intolerance in 41(44.1%) patients.Out of 93 patients 76.3% (71) were cured and 23.7% (22) patients were failed to cure. The association between smoking and treatment outcome was statistically significant (p value=0.013). The association between treatment outcome and previous history of adequate treatment was found to be significant (p=0.016).