bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitating factors, presentation and outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis among patients seen at moi teaching and referral hospital, eldoret kenya
Authors: Msagha Clemence Mwahe , Kamano Jemima , Ayuo Paul 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a major complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with a likelihood of high mortality if not managed appropriately. It is diagnosed with a triad of hyperglycemia, ketonemia and metabolic acidosis.ObjectivesTo describe the precipitating factors, clinical presentation and outcomes of DKA among patients attending Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH).MethodsThis prospective study involved 120 consecutively recruited participants diagnosed with DKA. Participants were drawn from the Emergency department and Diabetes Outpatient clinic and followed up in the wards and intensive care unit (ICU) in MTRH for up to 10 days. Focused history and physical examination was done. Blood sugar was measured daily; blood ketones and blood gases were measured on days 1,2,3 and 5. Precipitating factors, presentation and outcomes were summarised as frequencies and their corresponding percentages and presented in tables and charts.ResultsThe median age of participants was 33 years (IQR 23, 44.5). Type 1 DM represented 63.3% and type 2 DM 34.2% of the patients. The most common precipitating factors for DKA were; new onset undiagnosed DM (37.5%), missed medication (36.7%) and infection (35.8%). The most common presentation was dehydration (97.5%) with 49.2% of the patients having severe DKA while 22.5% had mild DKA. Urine and blood ketones for diagnosis of DKA were present in 46.4% and 100% of patients respectively. The median length of hospital stay was 6 days (IQR 5,7) with infection being a significant determinant (aOR 2.63). The number of days taken for DKA to resolve ranged from 1 to 5 days with a median period of 3 days (IQR 2,3). DKA in-hospital mortality was 9.2% with new onset DM being a significant determinant (uOR 5.19).ConclusionSome of the identified DKA precipitants in the study are preventable. The impact of DKA in MTRH is notable given the significant hospital stay and mortality.RecommendationWe recommend implementation research studies that would develop and test different strategies to address the precipitants to prevent DKA. For the hospital to undertake an audit of current DKA management process with the aim of improving outcomes in terms of hospital stay and mortality.
Inhibition of striatal indirect pathway during second postnatal week leads to long lasting deficits in motivated behavior
Authors: Olivetti Pedro R. , Torres-Herraez Arturo , Raudales Ricardo , Sumerau Mary-Elena , Moyles Sinead , Balsam Peter , Kellendonk Christoph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder with postulated neurodevelopmental etiology. Genetic and imaging studies have shown enhanced dopamine and D2 receptor occupancy in the striatum of patients with schizophrenia. However, whether alterations in postnatal striatal dopamine can lead to long lasting changes in brain function and behavior is still unclear. Here, we approximated striatal D2R hyperfunction in mice via designer receptor mediated activation of inhibitory Gi-protein signaling during a defined postnatal time window. We found that Gi-mediated inhibition of the indirect pathway during postnatal day 8-15 led to long lasting decreases in locomotor activity and motivated behavior measured in the adult animal. In vivo photometry further showed that the motivational deficit was associated with an attenuated adaptation of cue-evoked dopamine levels to changes in effort requirements. These data establish a sensitive time window of D2R-regulated striatal development with long lasting impacts on neuronal function and behavior.
HIV-1 Capsid Rapidly Induces Long Lived CPSF6 Puncta in Non-dividing Cells but Similar Puncta Already Exist in Uninfected T-cells
Authors: Guedán Anabel , Burley Megan , Caroe Eve R. , Bishop Kate N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein forms the outer shell of the viral core that is released into the cytoplasm upon infection. CA binds various cellular proteins, including CPSF6, that directs HIV-1 integration into speckle associated domains in host chromatin. Upon HIV-1 infection, CPSF6 forms puncta in the nucleus. Here, we characterised these CPSF6 puncta further, in HeLa cells, T-cells and macrophages and confirm that integration and reverse transcription are not required for puncta formation. Indeed, we found that puncta formed very rapidly after infection, correlating with the time that CA entered the nucleus. In aphidicolin-treated HeLa cells and macrophages, puncta were detected for the length of the experiment, suggesting that puncta are only lost upon cell division. CA still co-localised with CPSF6 puncta at the latest time points, considerably after the peak of reverse transcription and integration. Intriguingly, the number of puncta induced in macrophages did not correlate with the MOI, or the total number of nuclear speckles present in each cell suggesting that CA/CPSF6 is only directed to a few nuclear speckles. Furthermore, we found that CPSF6 already co-localised with nuclear speckles in uninfected T-cells suggesting that HIV-1 promotes a natural behaviour of CPSF6.
Characterization ofArabidopsisaldolases AtFBA4 and AtFBA5; inhibition by morin and interaction with calmodulin
Authors: Symonds Kyle , Smith Milena A. , Esme Oona , Plaxton William C. , Snedden Wayne A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFructose bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs) catalyze the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. We analyzed two previously uncharacterized cytosolicArabidopsisFBAs, AtFBA4 and AtFBA5. Based on a recent report, we examined the interaction of AtFBA4 with calmodulin (CaM)-like protein 11 (AtCML11). AtFBA4 did not bind AtCML11, however, we found that CaM bound AtFBA5 in a Ca2+-dependent manner with high specificity and affinity (KD∼ 190 nM) and enhanced its stability. AtFBA4 and AtFBA5 exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics withKmandVmaxvalues of 180 µM and 4.9 U/mg for AtFBA4, and 6.0 µM and 0.30 U/mg for AtFBA5, respectively. The flavonoid morin inhibited both isozymes. Our study suggests that Ca2+signalling and flavanols may influence plant glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.
Interictal waking and sleep electrophysiological properties of the thalamus in focal epilepsies
Authors: Biagioni Tommaso , Fratello Maria , Garnier Elodie , Lagarde Stanislas , Carron Romain , Villalon Samuel M. , Lambert Isabelle , Marchi Angela , Makhalova Julia , Trebuchon Agnes , Bonini Francesca , Scavarda Didier , Benar Christian , Bartolomei Fabrice , Pizzo Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionAddressing drug-resistant epilepsy poses a significant clinical hurdle, particularly when conventional resective surgery is not feasible. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) emerges as a potential therapeutic avenue for such cases. To shed light on the thalamo-cortical epileptogenic networks and refine prognostic indicators and treatments, we conducted an exhaustive examination of interictal data from thalamic stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in a substantial patient cohort (n=121). Our investigation delved into thalamo-cortical connectivity, interictal hyperexcitability biomarkers, and their associations with clinical parameters during both rest and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep states.MethodologyWe conducted an observational study retrospectively gathering data from patients who underwent stereotactic-EEG with thalamic implantation as part of pre-surgical evaluation. Interictal recordings during rest and NREM sleep were analyzed to detect spikes and fast ripples automatically. Functional connectivity between the thalamus and other brain regions (involved or non-involved in the epileptogenic network) was examined using linear regression analysis (R2), while statistical evaluations assessed relationships between these measures, patient outcomes, and clinical variables.ResultsElevated rates of thalamic spikes and fast ripples during sleep were linked to unfavorable surgical outcomes (Engel class III/IV) compared to favorable outcomes (Engel class I/II). Thalamo-cortical functional connectivity analysis revealed heightened thalamic strength, particularly in the beta and gamma bands during sleep, among patients with poor surgical outcomes, especially with non-involved networks. Conversely, during rest, lower spike and fast ripple rates were observed in patients with longer epilepsy durations. Furthermore, thalamic strength values during resting state were diminished in patients with prolonged epilepsy durations and older age.DiscussionOur study uncovered heightened thalamic interictal activity and thalamo-cortical functional connectivity during sleep in patients with unfavorable surgical outcomes, within the largest cohort of patients with thalamic recordings documented. These findings inform pre-surgical assessments, aiding in identifying patients unsuitable for surgery and suggesting alternative interventions like DBS. Additionally, diminished thalamic activity and connectivity associated with epilepsy duration and age prompt speculation on the role of the thalamus as a pivotal hub in aging-related processes. Vigilance state-dependent insights from the thalamus underscore the necessity for comprehensive analyses to tailor stimulation protocols, facilitating a personalized therapeutic approach.
Life-history adaptation under climate warming magnifies the agricultural footprint of a cosmopolitan insect pest
Authors: Burc Estelle , Girard-Tercieux Camille , Metz Moa , Cazaux Elise , Baur Julian , Koppik Mareike , Rêgo Alexandre , Hart Alex , Berger David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate change is affecting population growth rates of ectothermic pests with potentially dire consequences for agriculture, but how rapid genetic adaptation impacts these dynamics remains unclear. To address this challenge, we predicted how climate change adaptation in life-history traits of insect pests may affect future agricultural yields by unifying thermodynamics based on first principles with classic life-history theory. Our model predicts that warming temperatures favour changes in resource allocation decisions coupled with increased larval host consumption, resulting in a predicted double-blow on agricultural yields under future climate change. We find support for these predictions by studying thermal adaptation in life-history traits and underlying gene expression in the wide-spread insect pest,Callosobruchus maculatus, with five years of life-history evolution under experimental warming causing an almost two-fold increase in its predicted agricultural footprint. These results emphasize the need for integrating a mechanistic understanding of life-history evolution into forecasts of pest impact.
The CRISPRaTOR: a biomolecular circuit for Automatic Gene Regulation in Mammalian Cells with CRISPR technology
Authors: Mallozzi Alessio , Fusco Virginia , Ragazzini Francesco , di Bernardo Diego 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe introduce the CRISPRaTOR, a biomolecular circuit for precise control of gene expression in mammalian cells. The CRISPRaTOR leverages the stochiometric interaction between the artificial transcription factor VPR-dCas9, and the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIA4, enhanced with synthetic coiled-coil domains to boost their interaction, to maintain the expression of a reporter protein constant across diverse experimental conditions, including fluctuations in protein degradation rates and plasmid concentrations, by automatically adjusting its mRNA level. This capability, known as Robust Perfect Adaptation (RPA), is crucial for the stable functioning of biological systems and has wide-ranging implications for biotechnological applications. The CRISPRaTOR belongs to a class of biomolecular circuits named antithetic integral controllers, and it can be easily adapted to regulate any endogenous transcription factor thanks to the versatility of CRISPR-Cas system. Finally, we show that RPA holds also in cells genomically integrated with the CRISPRaTOR, thus paving the way for practical applications in biotechnology that require stable cell lines.
A Gridded Microclimate Dataset from a Sub-Arctic Biodiversity Hotspot in Finland
Authors: Niittynen P. , Salminen H. , Peña-Aguilera P. , Aalto J. , Alahuhta J. , Luoto M. , Maliniemi T. , Rissanen T. , Roslin T. , Tukiainen H. , Tyystjärvi V. , Kemppinen J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTMicroclimate measurements are crucial for explaining and predicting functions and patterns in nature, yet the availability of microclimate data often poses a challenge. This study introduces a dataset comprising 63 spatially continuous microclimate surfaces for the Kilpisjärvi region in northwestern Finland. The study region is a biodiversity hotspot for arctic-alpine flora and fauna and one of the most extensively investigated regions in Northern Europe. The data were gathered through a collaborative network of microclimate loggers, encompassing 430 measurement locations that comprehensively cover the 300 km2 landscape under study. We employed predominantly well-performing Random Forest models to project microclimate variables across the study area at a 3-metre spatial resolution. The high-resolution and extensive spatial coverage of the dataset facilitates examination of microclimate characteristics and variability across this sub-Arctic region, providing a valuable resource for both theoretical and applied research, as well as for biodiversity conservation.
A starting guide on multi-omic single-cell data joint analysis: basic practices and results
Authors: Martini Lorenzo , Bardini Roberta , Di Carlo Stefano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMulti-omics single-cell data represent an excellent opportunity to investigate biological complexity in general and generate new insights into the biological complexity of heterogeneous multicellular populations. Considering one omics pool at a time captures partial cellular states, while combining data from different omics collections allows for a better reconstruction of the intricacies of cell regulations at a particular time. However, multi-omics data provide only an opportunity. Computational approaches can leverage such opportunities, given that they raise the challenge of consistent data integration and multi-omics analysis. This work showcases a bioinformatic workflow combining existing methods and packages to analyze transcriptomic and epigenomic single-cell data separately and jointly, generating a new, more complete understanding of cellular heterogeneity.
Enhancing Prediction of Human Traits and Behaviors through Ensemble Learning of Traditional and Novel Resting-State fMRI Connectivity Analyses
Authors: Yoshimoto Takaaki , Tokunaga Kai , Chikazoe Junichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent efforts in cognitive neuroscience have focused on leveraging resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) data from fMRI to predict human traits and behaviors more accurately. Traditional methods typically analyze RSFC by correlating averaged time-series data between regions of interest (ROIs) or networks, a process that may overlook critical spatial signal patterns. To address this limitation, we introduced a novel linear regression technique that estimates RSFC by predicting spatial brain activity patterns in a target ROI from those in a seed ROI. We applied both traditional and our novel RSFC estimation methods to a large-scale dataset from the Human Connectome Project, analyzing resting-state fMRI data to predict sex, age, personality traits, and psychological task performance. Additionally, we developed an ensemble learner that integrates these methods using a weighted average approach to enhance prediction accuracy. Our findings revealed that hierarchical clustering of RSFC patterns using our novel method displays distinct whole-brain grouping patterns compared to the traditional approach. Importantly, the ensemble model outperformed the traditional RSFC method in predicting human traits and behaviors. Notably, the predictions from the traditional and novel methods showed relatively low similarity, indicating that our novel approach captures unique and previously undetected information about human traits and behaviors through fine-grained local spatial patterns of neural activation. These results highlight the potential of combining traditional and innovative RSFC analysis techniques to enrich our understanding of the neural basis of human traits and behaviors.
Ethnic inequalities in primary care for people with multiple long-term conditions: evidence from the General Practice Patient Survey
Authors: Hayanga Brenda , Stafford Mai , Bécares Laia 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the relationship between ethnicity and experiences of primary care for people with multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) and assess the relative importance of demographic, practice, and area-level factors as influences on primary care experiences across ethnic groups.DesignA retrospective study using 2018-19 GP Patient Survey data linked to the General Practice Workforce data, and the Office for National Statistics data.SettingUKParticipants: 294,987 respondents with two or more long-term conditions with complete data on selected demographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, economic activity), practice and area-level variables (number of full-time equivalent GPs and nurses, practice size, area-deprivation, area life expectancy and ethnic density).Main outcome measuresMultilevel regression analysis used to assess the relationship between ethnicity and experience of accessing primary care (i.e. satisfaction with appointment times, types and booking experience) and interacting with healthcare professionals (i.e. satisfaction with confidence and trust in healthcare professionals and the extent to which patients feel healthcare professionals listen to them, give them enough time, treat them with care and concern, involve them in healthcare decisions, and meet their needs). Separate regression models built for each outcome and included i) each covariate separately, ii) demographic factors (iii) demographic, practice, and areal-level factors.ResultsUpon full adjustment Arab, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Indian, Pakistani, other Asian, mixed white and Asian, other white and other ethnic group people with MLTCs have both lower levels of satisfaction with primary care access and interacting with healthcare professionals compared with white British people. The influence of demographic, practice and area-level factors is not uniform across ethnic groups. For example, demographic factors account for the inequalities in levels of satisfaction with access to primary care between white British people and Black other, mixed other, mixed white & Black Caribbean and Gypsy & Irish Travellers. However, practice and area-level factors strengthen inequalities in the experience of accessing primary care for Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani people.ConclusionsGiven that patient experience is a key aspect of healthcare quality and is said to be associated with favourable health outcomes, the inequalities identified in this study are concerning. The poorer experiences of primary care might be one mechanism by which people with MLTCs from minoritised ethnic groups have poorer health outcomes. In addition to the assessment of other practice and area-level factors, qualitative studies are required to understand and effectively address the sources of ethnic inequalities in primary care experiences for people with MLTCs.
Description of new mandibular remains ofMicrocolobusfrom Nakali (ca. 10 Ma, Kenya): implications on the evolution of Miocene colobines
Authors: Pallas Laurent , Nakatsukasa Masato , Kunimatsu Yutaka 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTWe have described mandibular specimens of fossil colobines from the late Miocene site of Nakali (Kenya). Using qualitative and quantitative dental and mandibular traits, we compared them to an extensive sample of extant colobines and Miocene fossil colobines. We tested the hypothesis that i) only one species was present in this newly described fossil sample, ii) this species is phenetically distinct from fossil colobines from Ngerngerwa and Ngorora, iii) this species is phenetically distinct from hitherto documented fossil Miocene colobines, and iv) this species is phenetically more different from extant African colobines than from Asian colobines. Bootstrap analyses demonstrated that the Nakali specimens belong to a single fossil species. Dental and symphyseal morphometric ratios and a morphometric geometric analysis of the corpus cross-section showed that the Nakali colobines belong toMicrocolobus tugenensis. Bootstrap analyses failed to unambiguously confirm the distinct taxonomic status of isolated dental specimens from Ngerngerwa and Ngorora, and suggest that they may represent, along with the Nakali sample, a single species. A linear discriminant analysis established on dental linear dimensions of four Nakali specimens classified them within the African colobine tribe (Colobini).Microcolobushave a P4occlusal morphology, a breadth differential of the symphyseal transverse tori, and an inclination of the symphysis similar to extant African colobines. However, the corpus shape ofMicrocolobusis closer to that of primitive cercopithecoids, in addition to the lack of the diagnostic mesiodistal elongation of the lower canine of extant African colobines, suggesting thatMicrocolobusis likely a stem Colobinae.
Thematic fields potentially impacting on building maintenance developments
Authors: Falorca Jorge Furtado 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on the results of a study carried out to identify and analyse which potential subject areas may have impact on developments in the field of building maintenance (BM). That is, it is intended to contribute to the integration of new approaches so that building maintenance management (BMM) becomes as automated, digital and intelligent or smartness as possible in the near future.

Design/methodology/approach
The research approach has resulted in a theory that is essentially based on a qualitative design. The route followed was a literature review, involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of carefully selected information, mostly from recently published records. The data assembled and the empirical experience itself made it possible to present a comprehensive viewpoint and some future outlooks.

Findings
Five thematic areas considered as potentially impactful for BM developments have been highlighted, analysed and generically labelled as thematic base words, which are monitoring, automation, digitalisation, intelligence and smart. It is believed that these may be aspects that will lay the groundwork for a much more advanced and integrated agenda, featured by a high-tech vision.

Originality/value
This is thought to be a different way of looking at the problem, as it addresses five current issues together. Trendy technological aspects are quite innovative and advantageous for BMM, providing opportunities not yet widely explored and boosting the paradigm shift.