bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General secondary education in Spain: administrative law aspects
Authors: Lamza Dmytro 
Published: March 2024

The article analyses the system of general secondary education in Spain from the perspective of administrative law. The author aims to study the main goals and objectives of general secondary education in Spain, its principles, structure, educational relations and the State’s obligations in the field of education. The research is based on the analysis of the fundamental legal act in the field of education in Spain, the Organic Law of Education.
The author notes that in the system of compulsory secondary education in Spain, particular attention is paid to the educational and professional orientation of students, taking into account the gender-sensitive approach and special educational needs of students with disabilities. In addition, school education is aimed at teaching students the basic elements of culture, instilling tolerance, healthy lifestyle skills, and respect for the environment.
For the purpose of comparative analysis of the practical achievements of the Spanish secondary education system, the author draws attention to the results of the OESD’s Programme for International Student Assessment PISA, other data from the OECD, UNDP and independent rankings.
It is noted that public administration in the field of general secondary education is in close communication and interaction of public authorities, is characterised by decentralisation of powers, transparency, accountability, autonomy of educational institutions and flexibility in the organisation of the educational process. The author looks into the distribution of powers in the field of education between the bodies of the General State Administration, such as the Government of Spain and the Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports of Spain, and the administrations of the Autonomous Communities. Education authorities at different levels coordinate their actions, each within its own competence, in order to use resources efficiently and achieve the goals set by law.
On the basis of the research, the author concludes that public administration in the field of education in Spain is aimed at meeting to the fullest extent the needs of the population in providing general secondary education, and the Spanish education system itself is focused on the formation of educated, tolerant and culturally enriched individuals. The state is most interested in taking into account the needs of students to unveil their potential to the full extent.
The role of the UN in preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons
Authors: Les Iryna 
Published: March 2024

According to the UN Charter (Article 26), the UN Security Council is the primary organ responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security. Nuclear states agreed to the adoption of a UN Security Council Resolution that provided positive security assurances. The adoption of UN Security Council Resolution №255 on June 19, 1968, was of particular significance. This resolution stipulated that instances of aggression involving the use of nuclear weapons or the threat of such aggression against a non-nuclear-weapon state would require immediate action by the UN Security Council and its permanent members, who are nuclear-armed states.
The aim of the work is to determine the role of the UN Security Council in the system of preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The methodological basis of the study will focus on the analysis and understanding of the impact of the UN Security Council on strategies and measures aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons in the international context.
The results of our research have shown that the role of the UN Security Council in the disarmament of Iraq’s nuclear program, which could have led to the development of nuclear weapons, proved to be significant. To achieve this, in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution №687 adopted on April 3, 1991, the Special Commission (UNSCOM) was established.
During an extraordinary meeting of the UN Security Council at the highest level on September 24, 2009, Resolution UN Security Council Resolution № 1887 was adopted, aimed at supporting nuclear non-proliferation, criticizing Iran and North Korea. Resolution №1887 outlines measures to strengthen control and the rights of nuclear-weapon states to demand the return of nuclear materials and equipment in case of violations of the Non-Proliferation Treaty or withdrawal from it. It also involves enhancing security measures for the storage of nuclear materials and strict export controls.
Conclusions. In our opinion, the powers of the UN Security Council in the field of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction should be utilized more promptly and effectively. The insufficient effectiveness of this international mechanism in preventing proliferation remains a cause for serious concern among UN members worldwide. To enhance the effectiveness of the UN Security Council, we propose the adoption of a comprehensive resolution that includes provisions on the procedure for a state’s withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and its violation of commitments to refrain from acquiring nuclear weapons. This resolution should stipulate the imposition of sanctions against such a state based on a special report from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Such a mechanism can ensure an effective impact of the international community on states that withdraw from the NPT.
Prevention of corruption risks when performing customs procedures: types and concepts
Authors: Pai Inna 
Published: March 2024

The aim of the work is involves clarifying the theoretical and practical problems of preventing corruption risks in the implementation of customs procedures, the peculiarities of its definition of the essence and concept, and the selection of separate criteria for their classification within the limits of its customs and legal provision. The methodological basis of the study used a set of scientific research methods such as dialectical, formal-legal, systemic, hermeneutic, comparative-legal, empirical, etc. The content of individual categories “corruption”, “corruption risk”, “procedure”, “legal procedure”, “customs procedure”, “customs formalities” was clarified, the constituent elements of customs procedures were revealed. A proper definition of “corruption risk in the field of customs procedures” is proposed. It has been established that the customs procedure is a set of requirements that are determined by the implementation of customs control and customs clearance of goods and the peculiarity of paying taxes and customs payments, and the conditions of their implementation depend on a certain customs regime (that is, on the purpose, form and conditions of the movement of goods). It was determined that the institution of prevention of corruption risks in relation to violations of the established procedure for the implementation of customs procedures has its own specificity of legal support and is a separate subject of research in the science of customs law. It was found that the prevention of corruption risks in the implementation of customs procedures is a component of the prevention of corruption risks in the public administration of state customs affairs and is a separate part of the prevention of corruption in this area. It was concluded that the corruption risk in the field of customs procedures is legal, organizational and other factors and reasons that generate, encourage (stimulate) corruption in the implementation of customs control procedures, customs clearance procedures, as well as tax and customs payment procedures and their order implementation. According to the prevalence, it is proposed to highlight the following corruption risks in the implementation of customs procedures in the activities of customs officials, namely: dishonesty of customs officials, the occurrence of a conflict of interests among customs officials, lack of control by the management of customs authorities, the presence of discretionary powers of customs officials etc.
Legal regulation of cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency operations in the European Union
Authors: Zhelekhovska Tetiana 
Published: March 2024

The article “Legal Regulation of Cryptocurrency and Cryptocurrency Operations in the European Union” offers a comprehensive examination of the evolving legal landscape surrounding cryptocurrencies within the European Union (EU). It begins by defining cryptocurrencies, highlighting their unique characteristics such as decentralization, volatility, and potential for misuse. These features pose significant regulatory challenges, as traditional legal frameworks may not be fully equipped to address them.
The article delves into the EU’s response to these challenges. It outlines the various legislative measures that have been implemented to regulate cryptocurrencies and related operations. These measures aim to strike a balance between fostering innovation in the digital economy and ensuring consumer protection and financial stability. The article discusses the implications of these regulations, noting that while they have brought some clarity and security to the sector, they also risk stifling innovation if not carefully calibrated.
The article explores the ongoing debates within the EU regarding the appropriate regulatory approach to cryptocurrencies. It underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of the technology and its potential impacts. The article argues that regulation should not merely react to the challenges posed by cryptocurrencies but should also anticipate future developments to remain effective and relevant.
The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of dialogue and collaboration among regulators, industry stakeholders, and the public in shaping the regulatory approach to cryptocurrencies. It suggests that such engagement can help ensure that regulations are not only responsive to current issues but also adaptable to future changes.
The article provides a thorough and insightful analysis of the legal regulation of cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency operations in the European Union. It underscores the complexity of the issue and the need for a dynamic and forward-looking regulatory approach. The article serves as a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the intricacies of cryptocurrency regulation in the EU.
Examining the formation of legal guarantees for equal acces to civil service: historical origins and modern application
Authors: Demianchenko Anastasiia 
Published: March 2024

The aim of the work is to demonstrate the historical progression of access to civil service across different historical epochs – Ancient World, Middle Ages, New Era, and Modern Times. The developmental phases of equal access to civil service mirror the primary trends in shaping the relationship between individuals and the state. The article demonstrates the peculiarities of legal guarantees, which are closely intertwined with the complex global political, economic, social, and cultural transformations of humanity, giving scholars the space to go far beyond modern history. Employing a theoretical research model focused on a human-centered perspective, it scrutinizes the essence of legal assurances. The historical method is employed to comprehend the retrospective formation and progression of the civil service. Additionally, the axiological method forms the basis for considering equal access to the civil service as a value category.
Results of the research highlight that the legal guarantees of the right to equal access to the civil service have evolved over time, dating back to the Ancient World. This evolution is attributed to the formation of the civil service institution. The legal guarantees for equal access to the civil service are not only recognized at the national level but are also enshrined in international legal standards aimed at protecting human and civil rights. The study acknowledges that restrictions on the right to equal access during periods of special legal regimes can limit citizens’ political opportunities for contributing to good governance. Author concluded that from the time of the Ancient World to the present, as a product of the evolutionary formation of the civil service institution, legal guarantees of the right to equal access to the civil service have been formed, including legality and fairness of selection procedures, equality, and non-discrimination of applicants for civil service positions, requirements for professionalism and competence, remuneration, etc.
Project Risk Management: modern trends and effective practices
Authors: Fedyk Olga , Fedyk Serhiy 
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the management of project risks, with the aim of their timely detection and identification, which in turn will ensure the successful implementation of the project and its completion. Special attention is paid to the stages of project risk management and analysis of methods aimed at minimizing and avoiding project risks.
The most modern and well-known methods include such methods as: risk avoidance; insurance; self-insurance; risk financing; diversification; risk taking; risk limitation; risk distribution and risk prevention, the complex application of which will ensure the successful implementation of the project and protect the project from the influence of destabilizing external and internal factors.
India National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) and BJP: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Naeem 
Published: March 2024

This article focusses on the formation of a new alliance, namely the India National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA). The Indian National Congress, which has long dominated Indian politics, leads the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance. Opposition parties formed the India National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) to challenge the BJP in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections. The coalition contends that the BJP is endangering India’s multiparty democracy and secular principles. The “Collective Resolve” campaign includes a pledge to preserve and uphold the idea of India as it is expressed in the Constitution of India. Efforts are being done to resist the claimed systemic conspiracy by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to target, punish, and suppress specific Indians and address polarization. Findings of the reveal that there have been instances of Hindu extremist groups initiating anti-Muslim operations, resulting in numerous casualties and injuries among the Muslim community, as well as other minority groups within the region. The BJP challenged the Indian National Congress, the Nehruvian state, and secular democracy. The policies implemented by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from 2014 to 2019 were highly detrimental to society, as they strategically employed the Hindutva ideology for political gain and suppressed minority groups through their uncompromising ideological stance. Contrarily, the policies implemented by Congress subsequent to 2009 exhibited a greater emphasis on principles such as freedom, economic growth, liberalism, and prioritization of the welfare of the populace.
Unlocking the Secrets of Economic Growth: Understanding the Transmission Mechanism of the Monetary Policy
Authors: Shahzad Husnain , Shoukat Ayza , Abdullah Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

This research investigates how changes in monetary policy impact Pakistan's economic growth. trajectory, focusing on macroeconomic indicators and monetary policy's role in long-term economic objectives. The research uses a quantitative approach and econometric methods to evaluate data from 1991 to 2020. Results show that certain variables, like interest rates, capital formation, labor force, and current account balance, positively impact economic growth, while others, like exchange rates, net trade, money supply, and private sector access to domestic credit, have negative impacts. These statistically significant correlations show how monetary policy variables and economic outcomes interact in complex ways.
The Effect of Working Capital Management on The Profitability of the Textile Industry: Evidence from Pakistan Textile Industry
Authors: Rukh Lala , Ahmad Khursheed , Khan Sangeen , Ikramullah  
Published: March 2024

The working capital management has significant importance in business investment because it impact on company’s Profitability and efficiency. The current study has taken the textile sector of Pakistan comprising of three sectors , that is spinning weaving and composite comprising of 155 companies in total . The aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of working capital management on profitability of the textile firms. A sample of 20 businesses is randomly selected for a period of six years to carry out the current study. In the existing study ROA is taken as a measure of profitability of the firm. While the working capital is taken as the measure of the cash conversion cycle. Account receivable collection period, Account payable time period size of the firm sales growth and current ration. Regression analysis is done and to address the issue of multicollinearity VIF test is done. The study's conclusions demonstrate that working capital utilization matters to Pakistani textile enterprises and that effective working capital utilization affects profitability. Studies show that when a company's inventory turnover period increases, its profitability decreases. The prompt transformation of raw materials into final products has a significant impact on the profitability of the company. The analysis did not uncover any proof that profitability and the cash conversion cycle (CCC) were significantly correlated.
The influence of feed and depth on the operation of bubu fishing tools in Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Zega Melvi Purnama Fajar , Bustari Bustari , Nasution Polaris 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the weight of the bait and the effective depth for operating traps in Kesuma Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, and Pelalawan Regency. The bait weight is divided into 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g, while the depth is divided into 1 m and 5 m. This research was carried out in January 2022 at the Nilo River in Kesuma Village. The method used in this study was the experimental fishing method with a randomized group design factor. The test results of the analysis of variance on the number of catches show that there is an influence of bait, depth, and interaction between the two, or a value of Fcount > Ftable. The test results of the analysis of variance on catch weight showed that there was an effect of bait and depth because the value of Fcount > Ftable, while the interaction of bait and depth had a value of Fcount < Ftable, so there was no interaction effect on catch weight. Based on the results of the Least Significant Difference (LSD) further test, it is known that the effective weight of oil palm bait to get a larger number of catches is 150 g at a depth of 5 m, while to get heavier catches, the trap will be effective at a depth of 1 m with a bait weight of 150 g.
Studi Deskriptif Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Penyapihan Asi pada Anak dibawah Usia 6 Bulan
Authors: Nora Rahmanindar  , Seventina Nurul Hidayah  , Evi Zulfiana  
Published: March 2024

Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) sangat penting bagi tumbuh kembang yang optimal baik fisik maupun mental dan kecerdasan bayi serta melindungi terhadap penyakit. Kurangnya pemberian ASI atau bahkan tidak diberinya ASI hingga berusia 24 bulan banyak menimbulkan dampak antara lain, meningkatnya insiden penyakit diare, malnutrisi pada anak usia di bawah dua tahun, timbulnya alergi makanan serta dapat menyebabkan hubungan anak dan ibu yang kurang keeratannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang penyapihan ASI pada anak dibawah usia 6 bulan. Metode yang digunakan rancangan cross sectional, sampel yang digunakan sebanyakn 73 ibu. Hasil penelitian yaitu Tingkat pengetahuan responden tentang penyapihan ASI menunjukkan sebagian besar (41,1%) mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan baik, berdasarkan karakteristik umur menunjukkan sebagian besar (34,2%) mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan baik pada kelompok responden umur 20-35 tahun, berdasarkan karakteristik paritas menunjukkan sebagian besar (30,1%) mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan baik pada kelompok responden yang pernah melahirkan anak lebih dari satu (multipara), berdasarkan karakteristik pendidikan menunjukkan sebagian besar (19,2%) mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan baik pada kelompok responden yang berpendidikan SMU/SMK, berdasarkan karakteristik pekerjaan menunjukkan sebagian besar (35,6%) mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan baik pada kelompok responden yang sebagai ibu rumah tangga.
PENGUATAN PENATAUSAHAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH MENUJU AKUNTABEL DI KELURAHAN LANNA KECAMATAN PARANGLOE KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Junaid Asriani , Susanto Edy , Arif Muh. , Kalsum Ummu 
Published: March 2024

Prinsip akuntabilitas dalam tata kelola pemerintahan adalah prinsip yang menjamin bahwa pemerintah bertanggungjawab atas serangkaian program yang berada di bawahnya. Terlaksananya prinsip akuntabilitas dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan publik terhadap pemerintah. Akuntabilitas keuangan pemerintah merupakan ke­wajiban melaporkan dan mempertanggung­jawabkan keuangan daerah secara vertikal kepa­da pemerintah kabupaten/kota dan secara horizontal kepada masyarakat atas peren­canaan, pelaksanaan, dan penatausahaan secara berkala. Kebutuhan mendesak dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan aparatur pemerintah daerah adalah penatausahaan keuangan daerah karena kenyataannya aparatur pemerintah daerah masih banyak yang kurang paham tentang penatausahaan dan pendokumentasian keuangan yang baik dan benar. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan pelatihan penatausahaan keuangan daerah yang akuntabel di tingkat kelurahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan PKM terdiri dari tiga macam yaitu: (a) Penyululan, (b) focus group discusion (FGD) antara peserta, pihak aparatur Kelurahan, dan tim pengabdi; (c) inventarisasi bukti transaksi sesuai dengan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan pemerintah kelurahan pada tahun anggaran berjalan. Hasil PKM menunjukkan bahwa aparatur kelurahan belum maksimal memahami tentang penatausahaan keuangan daerah terkait dengan dana kelurahan diperuntukkan untuk mendorong partisipasi masyarakat untuk kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat di kelurahan, dimana prosesnya diputuskan pada Musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan (musrenbang).
Kata Kunci: Akuntabilitas, Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah, Penatalaksanaan
Pemodelan Numerik Arus Pasang Surut 2D Menggunakan Software Mike 21 (Studi Kasus Selat Bangka)
Authors: Rahma Anggrani Aulia , Adrianto Dian , Malik Kurnia 
Published: March 2024

Perairan Selat Bangka merupakan perairan yang berada diantara Pulau Sumatera dan Pulau Bangka. Perairan Selat Bangka memiliki peranan penting bagi masyarakat, umumnya dimanfaatkan sebagai daerah penangkapan ikan dan jalur transportasi untuk penyaluran bahanbahan maupun hasil pengolahan industri. Kondisi hidrodinamika di perairan meliputi arus, gelombang, dan pasang surut. Arus adalah gerakan air yang mengakibatkan perpindahan horizontal dan vertikal massa air. Pemodelan dalam mengelola pola arus dibangun dengan menggunakan suatu persamaan kontinuitas dan menggunakan persamaan momentum dengan perata-rataan kedalaman. Mike 21 adalah perangkat lunak pemodelan terhadap pesisir dan perairan laut. Memasukkan data-data pendukung seperti data batimetri, data arus, dan data pasang surut. Pengukuran pemodelan juga melakukan pemodelan numerik untuk mengetahui pola arus secara spasial dan temporal dengan menggunakan model DHI MIKE 21.