bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Bedside Case-Based Learning in the Clinical Practice of Midwifery Education in China
Authors: Zhang Yao , Xu Xinfen , Wang Fang , Tu Lewei , Deng Qinqi , Xu Mengyan , He Guijuan , Johnston Linda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the impact of bedside case-based learning on critical thinking and capacity for self-directed learning in a group of midwifery students in China
Background
Bedside teaching is a well-established educational tool to improve the clinical practice of medical, nursing, and midwifery students. A new pedagogical approach; bedside case-based learning (BCBL) is an interactive teaching approach involving small-group, student-educator discussion to describe the etiology and management of a patient case. This new approach has been gradually integrated into Chinese midwifery education programs to promote clinical problem-solving skills, knowledge application, teamwork, and collaboration.
Design:
A quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test group design
Methods
This study used a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test group design. A convenience sample of 67 third-year students majoring in midwifery at the university were prospectively enrolled in this study. Pre- and post-BCBL class surveys were conducted using the Self-Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning (SRSSDL) and the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CTDI-CV) to assess changes in self-learning and critical thinking abilities before and after the intervention.
Results
Following bedside case-based learning, the total scores for self-directed learning capacity and critical thinking increased, although there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Although there were no statistically significant differences between pre- and post-test results, students' self-assessed scores in self-directed learning and critical thinking improved between pre- and post-test.
Maternal factors associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis among term babies delivered by caesarean section: a case-control study at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Maisaba James M , Migisha Richard , Owaraganise Asiphas , Tibaijuka Leevan , Agaba David Collins , Muhumuza Joy , Ngonzi Joseph , Kyoyagala Stella , Kayondo Musa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Babies born by caesarean section in low-income settings are at increased risk for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), which has higher mortality than late-onset sepsis. However, maternal factors contributing to EONS among cesarean-delivered babies in these settings, including Uganda, are not well documented. We determined maternal factors associated with EONS among term babies delivered by caesarian section at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), southwestern Uganda.
Methods: We conducted an unmatched case-control study at MRRH from December 2019 to March 2020. Cases were term newborns delivered by caesarean section with EONS (within 72 hours). Controls were term newborns delivered by cesarean section at MRRH without EONS. We enrolled mother-baby pairs for both groups, obtaining maternal data via structured questionnaires The diagnosis of EONS was made using the WHO Young Infant Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses algorithm. Cases were consecutively recruited while controls were recruited by simple random sampling in a ratio of 1:2. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify maternal factors associated with EONS.
Results: We enrolled 52 cases and 104 controls. The mean age for the mothers was 27 (±5.5) years.
Neonates born to referred mothers had higher odds of EONS than those born to non-referred mothers (AOR=6.21, 95% CI: 1.81–21.31). Additionally, decision-to-delivery time >1 hour for emergency caesarean section (AOR=16.44, 95% CI: 4.17–64.8), antepartum hemorrhage (AOR=7.97, 95% CI: 1.59–39.95, p=0.012), primiparity (AOR=4.81, 95% CI: 1.11–20.78), and >3 vaginal examinations after membrane rupture (AOR=4.25, 95% CI: 1.54 - 11.72) were associated with EONS.
Conclusions: Prime gravidity, antepartum hemorrhage, multiple vaginal examinations after membrane rupture, long decision-to-delivery time, and referral status were associated with EONS among term babies delivered by caesarean section at MRRH. To reduce EONS risk, clinicians should limit post-membrane rupture vaginal exams or consider prophylactic antibiotics if multiple exams are needed. Screening babies born to primiparous women, those referred, those with antepartum hemorrhage, multiple vaginal exams after membranes rupture, and long decision-to-delivery times, could aid prompt recognition of EONS and timely interventions. Implementing standard procedures to reduce caesarean decision-to-delivery time could reduce risk for EONS in this setting.
Microstructure Homogenization - Human vs Machine
Authors: Lißner Julian , Fritzen Felix 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Two approaches are presented to improve the capabilities of machine learning models in multi- scale modeling for microstructure homogenization (graphical abstract in Fig. 1). The first approach features a Bayesian data mining scheme with a human in the loop, halving the prediction error com- pared to [1] using four novel efficient to evaluate feature descriptors. The second purely machine learning driven approach utilizes convolutional neural networks, where we introduce a novel mod- ule, designed to capture characteristics of different length scales within the image. The new module features a new normalization block, which aids in calibrating the differently obtained feature char- acteristics. Further improvements, universally applicable to artificial neural networks, are found with a novel hyperparameter insensitive learning rate schedule, which adapts to the training progress of the model. A further improvement is given by a pre-trained feature bypass which utilizes global low level features, to serve as baseline prediction such that the model is able to dedicate its atten- tion to high level features. The proposed schemes have been applied to different literature models, yielding significant improvements in any investigated convolutional neural network. The improve- ments found by the two overarching contributions, i.e., derived through feature development with a human in the loop, and via convolutional neural networks, are critically assessed in a thermal and mechanical setting. It is further expanded to variable material parameters while allowing for variable microstructural elements, yielding drastically reduced prediction errors across-the-board.
Evaluation of and prevention strategies for falls and geriatric syndromes in geriatric individuals followed by home health services: a single-centre study
Authors: Tuncer Özge , Sakallı Ayça Asma , Tekin Nil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background Falls are an important health problem that can lead to morbidity and mortality in geriatric patients. In this study examined, various factors associated with falls and fear of falling in geriatric patients were examined. Methods This was a prospective, analytical study, and the sample size was calculated to be 320 participants with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 0.05. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated during home visits or hospitalizations. An 11-question sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire was developed by the researchers after reviewing the literature using a data collection form. The FRAIL Scale, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, Barthel Index, Itaki Fall Risk Scale, Six-Item Screener, Tinetti Balance and Gait Test, and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF) were used to evaluate whether the participants had geriatric syndromes. Results The mean age of the 320 participants was 81.52 ± 7.57 years, and approximately half of the participants were female. The rate of malnutrition was 77.8%. A total of 57.2% of the participants had environmental hazards in their homes, 58.8% had a history of falls, 54.4% had a fear of falling, and 44.1% had experienced an injury due to a fall. There were statistically significant correlations between a history of falls and fear of falls and age, calf circumference, the number of medications used, environmental hazards in the home, fragility, malnutrition risk, and the Itaki Fall Risk Scale, Barthel Index, total Tinetti Balance and Gait Test, and total GDS-SF scores. Conclusions The incidence of falls in this study was high, and falls were associated with general health status, age, and nutritional status. In addition, using a single scale for determining the risk of falls is not appropriate, and many parameters should be included in screenings.
Exploration of wear characteristics in aluminium-silicon carbide metal matrix composites for aerospace and automotive applications
Authors: Srini Bharath 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this investigation, two metal matrix composites were synthesised employing the vertical stir-casting methodology, amalgamating aluminium with silicon carbide (SiC) at concentrations of 5% and 12%. To assess the tribological properties of these composites, a pin-on-drum wear analysis was executed. Throughout this scrutiny, meticulous monitoring of wear losses was undertaken over a predetermined traversal distance while subjecting the specimens to incremental loads spanning from 1, 2, & 3 kilograms. The results unequivocally demonstrated that, in concert with the increase in applied loads, the composite containing 12% silicon carbide exhibited a conspicuous mitigation in wear losses vis-à-vis its counterparts containing 5% silicon carbide. This augmented wear resistance observed in the 12% silicon carbide composite can be attributed to the heightened mass fraction of SiC particulates integrated into the composite matrix. These SiC particulates, functioning as reinforcing agents, contributed to an amplification in the composite's hardness and wear resistance. These findings not only yield invaluable insights into the tribological behaviour of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) but also elucidate the potential impact of supplementary performance parameters on their wear characteristics.
Impact of Smoking on MicroRNAs in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hajsadeghi Shokoufeh , Iranpour Aida , Mirshafiee Shayan , Nekouian Reza , Mollababaei Maryam , Motevalli Hamed , Ahmadi Seyyed Amir Yasin , Dakkali Mohammad Sedigh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Given the importance of coronary artery disease and the range of cardiovascular disease phenotypes in smokers, as well as the potential genetic and epigenetic factors, we were motivated to explore the impact of smoking on some selected microRNAs associated with atherosclerosis.
Methods: A total of 60 individuals were selected in four groups including non-smoker without atherosclerosis (S-A-), non-smokers with atherosclerosis (S-A+), smokers without atherosclerosis (S+A-) and smokers with atherosclerosis (S+A+). Micro-RNA expression was investigated using real-time PCR. General linear model was used to calculate fold change (FC) considering S-A- as the reference group.
Results: For mir-34a, down-regulation was observed in S+A- (FC =0.13, P =0.007) and S+A+ (FC =0.23, P =0.036) groups. For mir-126-3p, down-regulation was observed in S-A+ group (FC =0.05, P =0.024). For mir-199, up-regulation was observed for S+A- group (FC =9.38, P =0.007). The only significant interaction between pack-years of smoking and number of atherosclerotic vessels was for mir-199 which was in favor of down-regulation (P =0.006), while the main effects were in favor of up-regulation (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Mir-34a expression may be affected by smoking, whereas mir-126-3p expression may be affected by atherosclerosis. The significant down-regulation of mir-199 for the interaction of smoking dose and severity of atherosclerosis was a notable finding showing the harmful consequence of this interaction. Further studies are needed for this micro-RNA.
WITHDRAWN: Interactions of the background state and eddies in shaping Aleutian Low variation
Authors: Lin Nan , Zhang Tuantuan , Ren Qiaoling , Cheung Ho‑Nam , Yang Song 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The Aleutian Low (AL) is a dominant feature of the mean circulation in the North Pacific during the winter season. The background stationary wave, air-sea interaction, and transient eddies over the North Pacific exert distinct impacts on the interannual variations of the AL intensity and position. In this study, we adopt the geopotential tendency equation to investigate the roles of various physical processes in the maintenance and interannual variation of the AL. It shows that the absolute vorticity advection plays the most important role in the formation and maintenance of the AL intensity, while the high-frequency transient eddies contribute most to both the meridional and zonal shifts of the AL. The high-frequency transient eddy vorticity forcing affects the AL through barotropic energy conversion process, and in turn the AL enhances the high-frequency transient eddies through baroclinic energy conversion process, forming a positive feedback. The associated high-frequency eddy kinetic energy anomalies exhibit an eastward movement to the east coast of North America in the years of intensified AL, which explains why the strengthening of the AL is often accompanied by an eastward movement. Furthermore, the energy conversion terms of high-frequency transient eddies are mostly located over the eastern part of the extratropical North Pacific, leading to asymmetric features in the zonal movement of the AL.
A Risk-Based Model for Allocating Post-Earthquake Reconstruction Finance in Medium-Size Iranian Cities
Authors: Kazemiasl Niloofar , Motamed Hooman , Fazlavi Mohsen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This research proposes efficient financial resource allocation methods in post-earthquake urban reconstruction. Considering the economic challenges associated with such projects, having a predefined plan to identify and address gaps and challenges is crucial. The study emphasises the significance of conducting pre-disaster studies to manage post-disaster financial resources better. Metropolitan Tehran, particularly District 2 of Tehran municipality, was chosen as a case study due to its high importance, vulnerability, and risk. The research encompasses two main parts: seismic risk assessment and allocating financial resources for reconstruction. The first part employed risk analysis and computer programming for seismic risk modelling. In the second part, allocation methods for post-disaster budgets were proposed through interviews, past experiences, and computer programming. Various scenarios were considered for financial resource allocation, and an algorithm was developed to evaluate the reconstruction progress rate over time. The results indicate that, for optimistic, probable, and pessimistic scenarios, the post-earthquake reconstruction process for an urban area with characteristics similar to District 2 of Tehran municipality is estimated to conclude, on average, in 4.3, 9.2, and 11.3 years, respectively. This research provides valuable insights into effective resource allocation strategies, emphasising the importance of pre-disaster planning for efficient post-disaster reconstruction.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the evolution of the immune landscape during perihematomal edema progression after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Peng , Gao Cong , Guo Qiang , Yang Dongxu , Zhang Guangning , Lu Hao , Li Daojing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Perihematomal edema (PHE) after post-intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has complex pathophysiological mechanisms that are poorly understood. The complicated immune response in the post-ICH brain constitutes a crucial component of PHE pathophysiology. In this study, we aimed to characterize the transcriptional profiles of immune cell populations in human PHE tissues and explore the microscopic differences between different types of immune cells.
Methods
ScRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to map immune cell populations within comprehensively resected PHE samples collected from patients at different stages after ICH.
Results
We established, for the first time, a comprehensive landscape of diverse immune cell populations in human PHE tissue at a single-cell level. Our study identified 12 microglial and five neutrophil subsets in human PHE tissue. What’s more, we discovered that the SPP1 pathway served as the basis for self-communication between microglia subclusters during the progression of PHE. Additionally, we traced the trajectory branches of different neutrophil subtypes. We also demonstrated that microglia-produced OPN could regulate the immune environment in PHE by interacting with CD44 cells.
Conclusions
As a result of our research, we have gained valuable insight into the immunomicroenvironment within PHE tissue, which could potentially be used to develop novel treatment modalities for ICH.
State of conservation of an industrial brick masonry chimney: a case-study in Montijo, Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Teresa Diaz , Santos Teresa Oliveira 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Industrial masonry chimneys emerged in the mid-19th century and eventually became integrated into urban landscapes, gaining significance as symbolic historical remnants of local industries. This poses new challenges, particularly concerning the safety of populations and goods, as well as the preservation of the now-historical structures. In this article, we assess the conservation status of the 45-meter-high chimney of the former cork processing factory Mundet, located in Montijo, Portugal. The study involved a structural survey conducted using height access equipment, along with an investigation to diagnose moisture and salt decay at the base of the chimney. The later included measuring current and hygroscopic moisture distributions, as well as XRD characterization of brick and mortar samples. At the chimney's base salt crystallization causes efflorescence and erosion, leading to masonry disintegration. This is associated with rising damp and the presence of sodium sulfate in the brick and sodium chloride in the mortar. In the shaft, mortar erosion becomes more pronounced as we ascend. At the crown, extensive mortar erosion and limited compression have caused the NE-facing half to disappear, while the rest is at risk of imminent collapse. Damage mitigation measures to address this situation are proposed.
Precarious but Possible: A Qualitative Study of the Landscape of Gig Work for People Living with Disabilities and Future Recommendations for Best Practices
Authors: Penner Sydney , Griffith Janessa , Hughes Emma , Karoli Kamilla , Stockdale Cameron 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aims
This qualitative study aims to explore and understand the experiences of individuals with disabilities who engage in gig work.
Methods
In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of participants living with one or more disabilities who are engaged in gig work. Thematic analysis was employed to identify common patterns, experiences, and challenges faced by participants.
Results
Preliminary findings indicate that the gig economy offers both opportunities and obstacles for people with disabilities. Opportunities include increased autonomy, flexible working hours, and the ability to leverage their unique skills and strengths. However, participants also reported encountering barriers such as income insecurity, discrimination, and a lack of benefits. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the nuanced experiences of participants based on factors such as disability type and the nature of work performed.
Conclusion
The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the gig economy's impact on people with disabilities and inform policy and practice recommendations to enhance inclusivity, accessibility, and support mechanisms within this emerging work paradigm. Future research can build upon these findings to develop interventions and strategies that promote equitable opportunities and address the specific needs of individuals with disabilities in the gig economy.
Composition and Genetic Diversity of Zooxanthellae Clades in Coral Pocillopora meandrina in a Bleaching Prone Atoll
Authors: Nangammada Sahab , Rajan Rajkumar , Reddy Santhosh Kumar , Raheem Abdul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Coral hosts expelling the zooxanthellae from their tissues as a stress response is a major cause of coral loss in coral reefs worldwide. As the zooxanthellae exist in different clades, it is assumed that corals' responses to stress could depend on the composition and diversity of zooxanthellae clades in coral hosts. Knowledge of zooxanthellae characteristics, therefore, is crucial to understanding bleaching stress.
Methods and Results
We studied zooxanthellae clade characteristics in coral Pocillopora meandrina in a bleaching-prone atoll in the Lakshadweep archipelago. We found the coexistence of multiple clades, B, C, D, and E, in the genus Symbiodinium and clade C in Cladocopium within single hosts. Clade composition revealed the dominance of clade C with no significant difference among all samples across 5 and 10 m depths (R = -0.064, P > 0.9), supporting clade-host specificity. Significant differences among clades were observed from the pairwise distance data (R = 0.477, P = 0.0001; multivariate analysis of pairwise distance data - ANOSIM) and the genetic diversity analyses, where clade C exhibiting highest genetic diversity among Symbiodinium clades (Hn = 25, Hd = 1, π = 0.0133 at 5 m, and Hn = 18, Hd = 0.9, π = 0.0125 at 10 m).
Conclusions
These findings explain the consistent dominance of clade C among different localities and depth gradients, which could be a suitable clade adapting to different light and temperature conditions. The present study suggests that monitoring changes in clade composition and genetic diversity in coral hosts is crucial to understanding bleaching stress.
Heliox ventilation in older hypertensive ICU patients improves hemodynamics: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhou Lili , Chen Lihui , Zhuang Mingkai , Lin Jing , Zhang Hui , Weng Qinyong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Conventional mechanical ventilation has adverse impacts on hemodynamics of older hypertensive ICU patients. Limited studies have addressed way to ameliorate these negative effects. This study aimed at determining if heliox ventilation mitigated the side-effects of conventional mechanical ventilation in senile hypertensive patients.
Methods: Seventy-nine older adults aged 65 to 95 years with essential hypertension who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation treatment, were divided into two groups: a control group of nitrogen-oxygen ventilation (n = 40) and an experimental group of heliox ventilation (n = 39). The control group received conventional room air ventilation and the experimental group innovatively adopted the closed heliox ventilation technique. All patients had appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values (5-8cmH2O) using the optimal oxygenation method under VCV mode throughout the study. Blood pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), heart rate (HR), and airway pressure were measured every hour.
Results: An increase of CVP and airway pressure coupled with a decrease of blood pressure and ScvO2 were observed in the control group as expected (p < 0.05). Comparatively, CVP and airway pressure reductions with an increased ScvO2 were observed in the experimental group (p < 0.05). In the experimental group, blood pressure and HR did not change significantly.
Conclusions: Heliox ventilation improves cardiac function and blood pressure in older hypertensives as compared with nitrogen-oxygen ventilation.
Trial registration
This trial was registered. The Chinese trial registration number is ChiCTR2100043945. The date of registration is 6-3-2021. The registered name is that heliox ventilation improves hemodynamics in older patients with hypertention admitted to the intensive care unit.