bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between physicochemical analysis and radical‐scavenging activity of vegetable oil blends as affected by frying of French fries
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Amer Mohamed Mostafa Afify , Sulieman Abd El‐Rahman Mohamed 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe main goal of the present work was to compare and correlate the results of physicochemical parameters and antiradical performance of some oil blends during deep‐frying, which will be an initial indicator for applying antiradical tests for monitoring deep‐frying oils. Two oil blends were prepared. The first blend was a mixture (1 : 1, wt/wt) of sunflower seed oil and palm olein (SO/PO) and the second was a mixture (1 : 1, wt/wt) of cottonseed oil and palm olein (CO/PO). The oil blends were evaluated during intermittent frying of French fries on two consecutive days for 16 h, with oil replenishing after 8 h. Changes in the fatty acid profile and some physicochemical parameters (peroxide value, color index, viscosity, total polar compounds and UV absorbance at 232 and 270 nm) were used to evaluate the alterations during frying. A quick spectrophotometric method was developed to assess deep‐frying oil quality. With the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, the neutralization of the stable radical DPPH by antioxidants present in the oil during frying was measured. Radical‐scavenging activity (RSA) of both oil blends was recorded during frying, wherein the results showed that the SO/PO blend had the highest RSA. It was evident from the results that a proportional correlation and positive relationship existed between the levels of fatty acids and the physicochemical characteristics of the vegetable oil blends and their RSA. The initial results obtained allow us to suggest that antiradical measurements could be used to quantify the oxidative and hydrolytic deterioration of vegetable oils upon frying.
Identification of novel Runx1 (AML1) translocation partner genes SH3D19, YTHDf2, and ZNF687 in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nguyen TuDung T. , Ma Lisa N. , Slovak Marilyn L. , Bangs Charles D. , Cherry Athena M. , Arber Daniel A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThree patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with reciprocal 21q22/RUNX1(AML1) translocations involving chromosomes 1 and 4 were studied. Three novel RUNX1 translocation partner genes on 1q21.2 (ZNF687), 1p35 (YTHDF2), and 4q31.3 (SH3D19) were identified using a panhandle polymerase chain reaction and the 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. The translocation events occurred between exons 3 and 7 of the RUNX1 gene. The partner gene breakpoints localized to the region in the partner gene with the highest Alu density, suggesting that Alus may contribute to the recombination events. Two out of three of the cases retained RUNX1's entire RUNT domain in the translocation, and RUNX1 mutations were absent in the fusion transcripts, confirmed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis. SH3D19 encodes a cytoplasmic protein EBP known to suppress RAS‐induced cellular transformation, which can be inhibited by nuclear recruitment. The t(4;21) created a hybrid RUNX1‐EBP protein retaining RUNX1's DNA binding domain, which may result in nuclear localization of the chimeric protein and inhibition of EBP's RAS‐suppressive functions. Future studies would be useful to further characterize these novel fusion protein products. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A scan statistic for identifying chromosomal patterns of SNP association
Authors: Sun Yan V. , Levin Albert M. , Boerwinkle Eric , Robertson Henry , Kardia Sharon L.R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe have developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association scan statistic that takes into account the complex distribution of the human genome variation in the identification of chromosomal regions with significant SNP associations. This scan statistic has wide applicability for genetic analysis, whether to identify important chromosomal regions associated with common diseases based on whole‐genome SNP association studies or to identify disease susceptibility genes based on dense SNP positional candidate studies. To illustrate this method, we analyzed patterns of SNP associations on chromosome 19 in a large cohort study. Among 2,944 SNPs, we found seven regions that contained clusters of significantly associated SNPs. The average width of these regions was 35 kb with a range of 10–72 kb. We compared the scan statistic results to Fisher's product method using a sliding window approach, and detected 22 regions with significant clusters of SNP associations. The average width of these regions was 131 kb with a range of 10.1–615 kb. Given that the distances between SNPs are not taken into consideration in the sliding window approach, it is likely that a large fraction of these regions represents false positives. However, all seven regions detected by the scan statistic were also detected by the sliding window approach. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns within the seven regions were highly variable indicating that the clusters of SNP associations were not due to LD alone. The scan statistic developed here can be used to make gene‐based or region‐based SNP inferences about disease association. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of HLA class I dependent immunogenic peptides from clonotypic TCRβ expressed in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Zeng Jinyang , Müller‐Berghaus Jan , Nguyen Xuan Duc , Klüter Harald , Schönhaber Hiltrud , Song Mingxia , Schwinn Nicole , Schadendorf Dirk , Goerdt Sergij , Eichmüller Stefan , Dippel Edgar 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe clonotypic T‐cell receptor (TCR) is a potential target antigen for specific immunotherapy of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). We identified T‐cell epitopes from the rearranged TCR β chain of the malignant T‐cell population by the “reverse immunology” approach. Peptide‐specific T‐cell lines were generated against predicted epitopes and tested for the recognition of tumor cells and cells transfected with the full‐length DNA coding for TCRV β chain. Two peptides derived from the clonotypic TCRVβ of a HLA‐A2 positive patient could induce peptide‐specific T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and the patient as assessed by IFN‐γ ELISpot assay. Furthermore, the reactive CTLs efficiently recognized autologous Sézary tumor cells, as well as HLA‐A2 positive 293 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid expressing the corresponding TCRVβ29 protein. Similar results were obtained in a HLA‐A3+ patient for TCRVβ7‐Jβ2.7. In conclusion, our experiments show that the TCR β chain harbors epitopes suitable as targets for specific vaccination which might be a promising approach for the specific immunotherapy of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intestinal‐specific PPARγ deficiency enhances tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice
Authors: McAlpine Christen A. , Barak Yaacov , Matise Ilze , Cormier Robert T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMultiple investigations of the effects of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands on colon cancer have produced contradictory results. While some studies demonstrated increased numbers of colonic polyps in ApcMin/+ mice treated with various thiazolidinedione (TZD) PPARγ ligands, others reported amelioration of tumor multiplicity and progression in both ApcMin/+ mice and in mice with chemically‐induced colon cancer. Here, we addressed the role of PPARγ in murine intestinal tumorigenesis using gene knockout methodology. We found that either heterozygous or homozygous intestinal‐specific PPARγ deficiency enhanced the number of ApcMin/+ tumors in both the small intestine and colon, especially in the colon, where PPARγ deficiency also modulated tumor incidence. Gender significantly affected tumor multiplicity independent of PPARγ genotype. Female ApcMin/+ mice developed more tumors in the small intestine and more tumors overall, whereas male ApcMin/+ mice developed more tumors in the colon. Nevertheless, intestinal PPARγ deficiency enhanced tumorigenesis irrespective of gender. Our results suggest that PPARγ functions as a tumor resistance factor in the mouse intestine and warrant further investigation of the PPARγ‐dependent and independent actions of TZDs in cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromatographic analysis of penicillins in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids
Authors: Samanidou Victoria F. , Evaggelopoulou Evaggelia N. , Papadoyannis Ioannis N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNatural penicillin (benzylpenicillin) is the oldest antibiotic observed by Alexander Fleming in 1928. To broaden its spectrum of activity, natural penicillin was modified, giving rise to a group of antibiotics under the name ‘penicillins’. Although an increasing number of bacteria appear to be resistant to them, penicillins are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections including Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Consequently, they are widely used in human and veterinary medicine to prevent and treat diseases. This review covers the analytical methodologies, mainly chromatographic, employed to the penicillins determination in pharmaceutical formulations, biological fluids and in production‐scale fermentations reported in the literature. Results of published assays are comparatively presented focusing on sample preparation regarding isolation and purification, chromatographic conditions and method validation. Information on chemical structure, spectrum of activity and action mechanism of common penicillins has also been given.
Motorenöle auf der Basis von Pflanzenölen – ein neuer Ansatz
Authors: Luther Rolf 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn Motorenschmierstoffen werden heute vorwiegend Grundöle aus der Petrochemie verwendet. In einem Forschungsvorhaben wurden Möglichkeiten zum Einsatz von Pflanzenölen und deren Derivaten (Esteröle) in Motorenölen für die Umlaufschmierung (Viertaktmotoren) untersucht. In einer Variante wurde ein umweltverträgliches Hochleistungsmotorenöl auf Basis gesättigter Ester in Verbindung mit einer zink‐ und polymerfreien Additivierung entwickelt und mit Erfolg getestet. In einer zweiten Zielrichtung ist ein neuartiges Motorenschmierungskonzept realisiert worden, das erstmals den Einsatz von unverändertem Raps‐ oder Sonnenblumenöl in Motorenölen erlaubt. Bei dem hier vorgestellten Verfahren wird die prinzipiell geringe Alterungsbeständigkeit von Pflanzenölen durch ständiges Auffrischen ausgeglichen; das anfallende Gebrauchtöl wird dem Treibstoff zugemischt und mitverbrannt, ohne daß dabei die Verbrennungsabgase nachteilig beeinflußt werden. Die Additivierung der Pflanzenöle wurde aschearm und zinkfrei ausgelegt. Mit dieser Kombination von speziellem Öl und Verfahren konnten erste gute Einsatzerfahrungen an mehreren Dieselmotoren gesammelt werden. Im Bereich von Stationärmotoren ist der Aspekt des kontinuierlichen Ölwechsels mit einem besonders umweltverträglichen Motorenschmierstoff ein vielversprechender Ansatz.
Electromagnetic Activation of Shape Memory Polymer Networks Containing Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Schmidt Annette M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSummary: By incorporation of surface‐modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles into shape memory polymer matrices, remote actuation of complex shape transitions by electromagnetic fields is possible. The composite thermosets of oligo(ε‐caprolactone)dimethacrylate/butyl acrylate contain between 2 and 12 wt.‐% magnetite nanoparticles serving as nanoantennas for magnetic heating. It is shown that the particles are dispersed homogenously within the matrix and that the basic thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer matrix are maintained. The specific loss power of the particles is determined to be 30 W · g−1 at 300 kHz and 5.0 W. During the shape transition at 43 °C, no further temperature increase is observed.
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Self‐Assembling Synthetic Oligopeptide‐Based Gelators
Authors: Das Apurba K. , Banerjee Arindam 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSynthetic self‐assembling oligopeptide gelators are an important class of compounds which form thermoreversible gels in various organic solvents as well as in aqueous medium. These gels are soft, viscoelastic materials which are envisaged for useful applications in biological and material sciences. The terminally protected self‐assembling synthetic tripeptide Boc‐Ala‐Aib‐β‐Ala‐OMe 1 (Aib: α‐aminoisobutyric acid i.e. dimethyl glycine and β‐Ala: β‐Alanine) forms gels in various organic solvents, whereas its structural analog i.e. the peptide Boc‐Ala‐Gly‐β‐Ala‐OMe 2 (another self‐assembling synthetic tripeptide) fails to form gels under similar conditions and this issue has been addressed. The terminally protected tripeptide Boc‐Ala‐Val‐Ala‐OMe 3 has been found to form gels in different aromatic organic solvents. Several structural analogs of peptide 3 [using small structural changes either in protecting groups (at the N or C‐terminal position) or in amino acid side chains] have been synthesized, characterized and studied for gelation to address the question how structural changes can regulate the gelation property. Results of the gelation studies indicate that some structural changes are useful to make new peptide gelators with some variations in gelation property and efficiency, while a few structural changes in the protecting groups are really detrimental, leading to abolition the gelation property. These gels are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR studies.
Microfibrillar Networks: Polymer Thermoreversible Gels vs Organogels
Authors: Guenet Jean‐Michel 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper is intended to review some aspects of fibrillar networks by comparing polymer thermoreversible gels and organogels, the latter being obtained through the self‐assembling of small organic molecules. The morphology, the rheological properties and the gelation mechanisms are particularly examined. The possibility of preparing hybrid materials is discussed.
Supramolecular Chemistry of Bile Acid Derivatives: Formation of Gels
Authors: Babu Ponnusamy , Sangeetha Neralagatta M. , Maitra Uday 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis article describes some of the exciting results obtained during the study of the gelation behavior of bile acid derivatives in the authors laboratory. The serendipitous discovery of charge‐transfer interaction promoted gelation of organic solvents by (steroid)pyrene derivatives/TNF is presented. In this class of molecules, the effect of the location of the chiral center in chiral gelators on the overall chirality of the aggregates in the gel was studied. Also described are the aggregation behavior of bile acid based aqueous gelators which led us to postulate design principals to obtain bile acid based aqueous/organogelators.
Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids: For a Difference in the Supramolecular Synthesis
Authors: Pedireddi V. R. , Shimpi Manishkumar R. , Yakhmi J. V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCu(I) and Ni(II) coordination polymers with 4,4′‐bipyridine and 2,2′‐bipyridine, respectively, that have been synthesized from an ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) gave different coordination environment and supramolecular networks than the corresponding synthesis from the other solvents. The resultant complexes were characterized by single crystal x‐ray diffraction methods.
Optimized 1D double quantum filter NMR experiments
Authors: Ramesh V. , Chandrakumar N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe propose and demonstrate a 1D pulse sequence to convert double quantum coherence (DQC) of y phase with optimal efficiency, relying on single transition selection. Our sequence has a larger high‐sensitivity bandwidth with respect to the coupling, compared to other reconversion strategies. A modified version of the new pulse sequence provides the missing chemical shift and coupling information, at minor cost in sensitivity. Application to 1D 13C INADEQUATE is demonstrated.Our new sequence is also applied to quadrupole coupled spin‐1 systems, such as 2H in lyotropic phase. Performance of the sequence may be fine‐tuned by pulse flip angle optimization, taking into account relaxation effects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Millions of missing girls: from fetal sexing to high technology sex selection in India
Authors: George Sabu M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe morality and acceptability of using prenatal diagnosis for sex selection is being extensively debated around the world as advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and embryology have enabled selective implantation of embryos of the desired sex (George and Dahiya, 1998; Savulescu, 1999; Raphael, 2002; Harris, 2005; Robertson, 2005; Snider, 2005). Sophisticated methods of separation of semen, originally developed for cattle breeding, are being used for human sex selection. Recently, non‐invasive methods of fetal sex determination in the first trimester (from 6 weeks) of pregnancy have also emerged (Hahn and Chitty, 2005). Market forces that promote sex selection along with libertarian ideologues have assisted in blurring the ethical limits (Paul, 2001; President's Council on Bioethics, 2003). The widespread misuse of sex selection for eliminating girls before birth in India and among the Indian diaspora needs to be brought into the global ‘intellectual discourse’. It is imperative that Western ethicists recognize the genocidal nature of sex selection taking place in certain Asian countries. Even if they believe that these trends will not affect mainstream Western societies, the promotion or tolerance of sex selection amounts to a ‘crime of silence’ against this ongoing genocide in China and India. I have been concerned with issues of the girl child in India for over two decades and sex selection among Asian Indians in North America (George et al., 1992; George et al., 1993; George and Dahiya, 1998). This article examines the missing millions of girls, but will not consider the 1980s campaign against fetal sex determination, Indian feminists' recognition of sex selection as violence against women (unlike several Western feminists, Moazam, 2004), or the Government's response to regulate prenatal diagnostic techniques in 1994 (George and Dahiya, 1998; George, 2002). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization and melting of polyethylene copolymers: Differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy studies
Authors: Mirabella Francis M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Hoffman–Lauritzen theory of secondary, surface nucleation and growth was primarily relied upon for about 40 years after its introduction in about 1960 to rationalize the crystallization of flexible chain polymers into lamellar crystals. However, in about 1998, Strobl and coworkers introduced a different model for crystallization, based on the stage‐wise formation of lamellae. Two major components of this model were as follows: (1) the concept of the formation of a mesomorphic melt as a precursor to crystallization and (2) the control of the melting temperature range of lamellar crystals of homogeneous polyolefin copolymers by an inner degree of order or perfection rather than on the crystal thickness. The first concept is in disagreement with the HL theory and the second with the Gibbs‐Thomson theory, which associates melting temperature with lamella thickness. In the present study, differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy were successfully employed to monitor thein situquiescent crystallization of polyethylene homopolymer and copolymer. In the present study, evidence was not found to support the concept of lamellae with equal thickness melting over a broad temperature range. Some evidence was found that might be interpreted to support the concept of a mesomorphic melt as a precursor to crystallization. At present, the model promoted by Strobl and coworkers appears to be at an uncertain stage at which strong proof or disproof are not available. However, this alternative model has injected a new vitality into the study of crystallization of flexible chain polymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2369–2388, 2006
Objective and subjective stressors and the psychological adjustment of melanoma survivors
Authors: Hamama‐Raz Y. , Solomon Z. , Schachter J. , Azizi E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study of 300 melanoma survivors examines the relative contributions of objective illness‐related factors (stage of illness at diagnosis, time since diagnosis, and change in physical condition) and of subjective factors (cognitive appraisal) to their psychological adjustment. The findings show that lower appraisal of their situation as a threat, higher appraisal of it as a challenge, and higher appraisal of their subjective ability to cope with it all increased their well‐being, while lower threat appraisal and higher appraisal of subjective ability to cope also reduced their distress. These findings, which are consistent with Lazarus and Folkman's stress coping theory, suggest that subjective factors may be more important than objective medical factors in predicting patients' adjustment. With this, more advanced stage at diagnosis contributed to reducing distress, while being married contributed both to higher well‐being and reduced distress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing a Simulation Model for Reconstruction of Prehistoric Forest-Stand Dynamics
Authors: Solomon Allen M. , Delcourt Hazel R. , West Darrell C. , Blasing T. J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThree characteristics of the output of a forest-stand simulation model were matched to pollen records of actual vegetation in central Tennessee. Temporal shifts of individual pollen taxon frequencies were compared to shifts of individual plant species frequencies in simulated biomass for the last 16,000 yr. Individual pollen profiles (temporally ordered species frequencies) were also compared to simulated biomass profiles during that period. Modern ratios of pollen to vegetation composition (Rvalues) were compared with those calculated from simulated biomass percentages and fossil pollen percentages. The model output was similar to the comparable characteristics of the pollen record. The model output is therefore a plausible description of vegetation characteristics at the site of pollen deposition in central Tennessee. The model produced information unavailable from other sets of prehistoric data. This information describes the invasion and growth of the yellow-poplar which produces no windborne pollen, and of palynologically indistinguishable oak and pine species. These results suggest that many paleoecological questions can be answered through appropriate simulation modeling studies.
Holocene Variations of Monsoon Rainfall in Rajasthan
Authors: Bryson R. A. , Swain A. M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo reconstructed histories of the monsoon rainfall in Rajasthan show that the monsoon was weak or absent in latest glacial time. With the advent of Holocene climatic patterns, fresh water lakes formed in dune fields and the pollen rain preserved in these reservoirs provides a basis for the reconstruction of the monsoon history. The two reconstructions, separated by only 150 km, have some features in common and some striking differences. Both show maximum monsoon amounts in the early Holocene, with a roughly two-thirds decrease to the present. Both show salinization in sub-Boreal time. Both show long intervals of near complete desiccation in the last four millennia. The shorter term variations, however, are not closely parallel. These shorter term variations may be explained in terms of the behavior of the present day interannual variability.