bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate of in vitro Incorporation of Precursors into Hepatic Lipids and Proteins in Patients with Extrahepatic Cholestasis
Authors: Stakeberg H. , Lundborg H. , Scherstén T. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Extrahepatic cholestasis in man is known to be associated with high phosphoglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in serum. Moreover, an abnormal lipoprotein, often referred to as lipoprotein‐X (LP‐X), appears in serum in cases of extrahepatic cholestasis.The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of incorporation of precursors into hepatic lipids and proteins in vitro and to compare these changes with the lipoproteins in plasma in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. The rate of incorporation of glycerol into triglycerides and into different classes of phosphoglycerides was determined. The rate of incorporation of leucine into proteins was also determined in liver slices from 15 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis and compared with controls. In cholestatic liver tissue, the rate of incorporation of glycerol into choline phosphoglycerides and into ethanolamine phosphoglycerides was significantly increased. The rate of incorporation of leucine into hepatic proteins was also increased significantly in these patients. The results suggest that the changed metabolism of phospholipids and protein in liver tissue in cholestatic conditions may contribute to the changes in the serum lipoprotein pattern.
Hypertriglyceridaemia Secondary to Liver Disease
Authors: Müller P. , Fellin R. , Lambrecht J. , Agostini B. , Wieland H. , Rost W. , Seidel D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Some patients with liver dysfunction show a marked hypertriglyceridaemia, a phenomenon most frequently accompanied by cholestasis.In this report we have identified, isolated and characterized an abnormally large (300–700 Å), triglyceride rich, low density lipoprotein, (d 1.019‐1.063 g/ml) designated β2‐lipoprotein (β2‐LP), from the plasma of patients with hypertriglyceridaemia secondary to liver disease. The β2‐LP differs significantly in its percent composition and protein moiety from the unique lipoprotein‐X (LP‐X) specific for cholestasis and also from normal β‐lipoproteins, both of which are also present in the patients LDL fraction. Furthermore, some evidence is provided suggesting that the β2‐LP is likely to represent an intermediate particle of chylomicron metabolism, which accumulates in this disease due to a markedly diminished hepatic lipase activity.
Effects of Dopamine on Kidney Function and on the Adenyl Cyclase Phosphodiesterase System in Man
Authors: Vlachoyannis J. , Weismüller G. , Schoeppe W. 
Published: March 2008

Clearance studies were made to determine the influence of intravenous infusions of dopamine (between 2.5 and 3.5 μg‐kg.‐1min.‐1) on renal function and on the adenyl cyclase phosphodiesterase system in eleven patients with chronic renal disease.Glomerular filtration rate (+ 19 %), effective renal plasma flow (+ 29 %), sodium (+ 199 %) and potassium (+ 40 %) clearances were significantly increased. These effects were associated with a stimulation of the adenyl cyclase phosphodiesterase system demonstrated by an increase of cyclic adenosine 3'5′‐monophosphate in plasma and urine.The results suggest that dopamine probably affects renal function by activating the adenyl cyclase phosphodiesterase system.
The Metabolism of Low Density Lipoprotein in Endogenous Hypertriglyceridaemia
Authors: Sigurdsson G. , Niooll A. , Lewis B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe metabolism of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was studied in eighteen hypertriglyceridaemic patients by injecting autologous radioiodinated LDL. Over 95 % of the label was bound to the protein moiety of LDL and therefore the metabolic data reflect the fate and distribution of LDL apoprotein (apo B). The hypertriglyceridaemic subjects included ten with Type V, five with Type IV, two with Type III and one with Type lib hyperlipoproteinaemia. For comparison identical studies were carried out in seven normal subjects and five patients with heterozygous familial hyperbetalipoproteinaemia (Type Ila).The groups differed considerably in mean LDL‐cholesterol concentration. The patients with Type V lipoprotein pattern had significantly lower LDL‐cholesterol concentration (mean 0.754 g/1) than the normal group (mean 1.237 g/1). Raised LDL‐cholesterol levels were observed in all patients with heterozygous familial hyperbetalipoproteinaemia. The synthetic rate of LDL‐apoprotein was found to be similar in all three groups (hypertriglyceridaemic, normal and hypercholesterolaemic). The highest synthetic rate was observed in the patient with Type lib pattern. However, the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of LDL‐apoprotein differed significantly. The highest mean FCR was found in the Type V group (0.65 ± 0.17 day‐1) compared with 0.41 ± 0.09 day‐1 in the normal group and 0.185 + 0.05 day‐1 in the Type Ila group. A strong inverse correlation was found between FCR and LDL apoprotein concentration in the whole series (r = ‐ 0.90, p < 0.001) as well as within the Type V group (r = ‐ 0.87, p < 0.01).These data indicate that the low plasma levels of LDL frequently observed in patients with very high plasma triglyceride levels are due to a high removal rate of LDL in these patients rather than to abnormal LDL synthesis.
Influence of Ureteral Catheter Size on Urinary Flow Rate and Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Rat
Authors: Vandewalle A. , Bonvalet J. P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe influence of ureteral catheter diameter on renal function was studied in rats during different diuretic states. Urinary flow rate and glomerular filtration rate were measured on each rat using ureteral catheters of two different internal diameters.In non‐diuretic rats, urinary flow rate and glomerular filtration rate did not change according to the catheter diameter. In diuretic rats, urinary flow rate was frcm 40 to 70% lower with the smaller catheter. Differences became more marked as urinary flow rate increased. Glomerular filtration rates were about 20% lower when measured with small catheters.These results clearly demonstrate that the use of small diameter ureteral catheters during diuretic states leads to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and urinary flow rate. The results also emphasize the importance of using large diameter catheters during such experimental conditions.
Renin‐Aldosterone Axis in Ethanol Intoxication and Hangover
Authors: Linkola J. , Fyhrquist F. , Nieminen M. M. , Weber T. H. , Tontti K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe renin‐aldosterone system was studied in human volunteers during ethanol intoxication and hangover. Plasma renin activity increased more than 100%, when 1.5 ‐ 2.3 g ethanol per kg body weight was ingested over a three hour period. During hangover the increase even exceeded 200%. Plasma aldosterone concentration decreased during ethanol intoxication, but increased greatly during hangover. It is suggested that the stimulation of the renin‐aldosterone axis during ethanol intoxication and hangover is due to dehydration and increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
Effects of Haemodialysis on Fractional Intestinal Absorption of Calcium in Uraemia
Authors: Chanard J. M. , Drüeke T. , Zingraff J. , Man N.‐K. , Russo‐Marie F. , Funck‐Brentano J.‐L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFractional intestinal absorption of calcium was measured in 41 haemodialysed patients 4 hours after an oral dose of 47 Ca. Fractional intestinal calcium absorption was 40.3 ± 1.9% (SEM) when measured 10 to 12 hours after a haemodialysis session (dialysate calcium concentration: 1.75 mmol/litre). This value was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that in 26 healthy controls (56.8 ± 1.8%) and higher (p < 0.05) than that of 3 5 patients with chronic renal failure treated conservatively (34.5 ± 2.1%). In 17 patients, fractional intestinal calcium absorption was measured just before and just after a dialysis session. Pre‐dialysis fractional intestinal calcium absorption (33.7 ± 3.0%) was not significantly different from fractional intestinal calcium absorption in uraemic patients treated conservatively, while after dialysis fractional intestinal calcium absorption had increased significantly to 42.0 ± 2.6% (p < 0.001). It is suggested that the transient increase in fractional intestinal calcium absorption observed after dialysis could be related to dialysis induced volume depletion rather than to a vitamin D‐dependent mechanism.
Bone Mass In Maintenance Haemodialysis. Prospective Study with Sequential Biopsies
Authors: Malluche H. H. , Ritz E. , Lange H.P. , Arras D. , Schoeppe W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe change of bone mass during maintenance haemodialysis was studied in 20 patients. Iliac crest biopsies were obtained at a 9 ‐ 16 months interval. Two biopsies were taken in order to give an independent estimate of the sampling error. 22 individuals in the same age group without skeletal disease who died from traffic accidents or from violent deaths were used as controls.Undecalcified sections of bone (Masson‐Goldner‐stain) were evaluated by micromorpho‐metry. At the beginning of the study osteosclerosis (i.e. volumetric density of bone above x ± 2 SD in control patients) was found in 14 out of 20 patients. Volumetric density of bone only increased in one of the patients during the observation period. A significant decrease of volumetric density of bone was found in 5 out of 20 patients. This could be attributed to prolonged immobilisation in two cases and to inadequate protein‐ and calorie‐intake in two cases. No predisposing factor could be found in the fifth case.It is concluded that loss of spongy bone mass (osteopenia) is not an invariable result of haemodialysis.
Intestinal Adaptation after Jejuno‐lleal Bypass Operation for Massive Obesity
Authors: Iversen B. M. , Schjønsby H. , Skagen D. W. , Solhaug J. H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntestinal adaptation was studied in six patients with massive obesity treated by je‐juno‐ileal bypass operation. Glucose absorption in the jejunum was measured by a perfusion technique. The morphometric and enzymatic measurements were carried out on biopsies from the proximal jejunum and the distal ileum. Results obtained before and six months after the operation were compared. The glucose absorption per unit length of jejunum was unchanged at a glucose concentration of 66 mmol/1 in the perfusate but increased significantly at a glucose concentration of 133 mmol/1 (p < 0.025). The mean sucrase activity did not change, whereas the lactase activity increased significantly in the jejunum and ileum. The mean villus height increased significantly, while the epithelial cell height and cell width were unchanged both in the jejunum and the ileum, suggesting that the operation resulted in epithelial cell hyperplasia. The glucose absorption in the jejunum was positively correlated with the villus height (r = 0.76), which suggests that the increased glucose absorption was related to an increased number of epithelial cells.
The Role of the Beta‐Adrenergic Receptor in the Secretion of Gastrin: Studies in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Duodenal Ulcers
Authors: Brandsborg O. , Brandsborg M. , Christensen N. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntravenous infusion of isoproterenol, a beta‐adrenergic receptor stimulatory agent, increased serum gastrin concentration significantly more in patients with a duodenal ulcer than in healthy subjects. The rise in pulse rate, blood glucose concentration and in serum insulin was the same in both groups of subjects. Gastrin secretion was also increased significantly more in the patients than in the control subjects after a beef‐meal. Basal serum gastrin concentrations were higher in the patients than in the control subjects and correlated to the rise in serum gastrin during both tests in the patients with a duodenal ulcer. Isoproterenol and meal stimulated gastrin secretion, expressed as percent of the basal value, were twice as high in the patients as in the control subjects.The combined administration of isoproterenol and the meal had an additive effect on the rise in serum gastrin.Isoproterenol stimulated gastrin secretion was completely suppressed by propranolol, a beta‐adrenergic receptor blocking agent, which had no effect on meal stimulated gastrin secretion.It is concluded that the mechanism of the hypersecretion of gastrin in patients with a duodenal ulcer did not involve a specific abnormality of the beta‐adrenergic receptor or the receptor which recognized proteins and their digested products.There is no established role of beta‐adrenergic receptor activity in the hypersecretion of gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcers. It is suggested that the beta‐adrenergic receptor may have some yet unknown function unrelated to the acute secretory response of gastrin.
Hepatic Storage and Biliary Transport Maximum of Taurocholate and Taurochenodeoxycholate in the Dog
Authors: Poupon Renée , Poupon Raoul , Dumont M. , Erlinger S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to validate for taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate the multiple infusion method of Wheeler et al. previously used for the study of hepatic sulphobromophthalein transport and to obtain numerical estimates of the relative storage capacity and secretory transport maximum of both bile acids. Experiments were performed in anaesthetized dogs after depletion of the endogenous bile acid pool. Bile was collected continuously to prevent recirculation of bile acids and to measure their secretion rates. Taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate were infused intravenously at 3 different rates and blood samples were collected every ten min to measure serum bile acid concentrations. Extrahepatic distribution spaces of taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate were measured by an isotope dilution method. Serum bile acid concentrations varied linearly with time during the last 30 min of each infusion period. A linear relationship was found between the calculated hepatic removal rate and the rate of change of serum bile acid concentration. The mean values of relative storage capacity were (in μmol. μmol‐1 1‐1. kg body weight‐1) 0.16 ± SD 0.07 for taurocholate and 0.08 ± SD 0.03 for taurochenodeoxycholate. The mean values for secretory transport maximum were (in μmo 1.min‐1. kg body weight‐1) 4.81 ± SD 1.24 for taurocholate and 3.56 ± SD 0.60 for taurochenodeoxycholate. The values of secretory transport maximum with the multiple infusion method were only slightly higher than those obtained by direct measurement of biliary secretion. The values of relative storage capacity obtained during infusions resulting in decreasing plasma concentrations were usually lower than those obtained when the plasma concentration increased. This suggests that the limitations of the method previously noted for sulphobromophthalein may apply to bile acids.
Cholesterol metabolism in Papua New Guineans
Authors: WHYTE MALCOLM , NESTEL PAUL , MacGREGOR ALEXANDER 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Cholesterol metabolism has been studied in a group of healthy males drawn from a New Guinea highland population whose plasma cholesterol concentration is low by Western standards and does not rise with age.Mean values from compartmental studies in six subjects were: pool A mass 289 mg/kg; production rate 1069 mg/day or 17.4 mg kg‐1 day‐1. The average rate of endogenous synthesis measured by sterol balance in twelve men was 751 mg/day or 12.4 mg kg‐1 day‐1. There was evidence of probable suppression of synthesis by about 500 mg/day when I g/day of egg yolk cholesterol was added to the diet of six subjects for 5 weeks. In the latter group, mean cholesterol absorption was 39% (390 mg/day) but the plasma cholesterol concentration did not rise, possibly reflecting compensatory reduction in synthesis.It is suggested that these results were unexceptional, except possibly for the failure of the plasma cholesterol concentration to rise when cholesterol was ingested, despite gross differences in diet and many other factors.
Blood—brain barrier permeability during electroshock seizures in the rat
Authors: BOLWIG TOM G. , HERTZ MARIANNE M. , HOLM‐JENSEN JØRGEN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of electrically induced seizures on the permeability of the rat blood‐brain barrier was investigated. The small radioactive tracers sodium (24N+), chloride (36Cl‐), carbon labelled thiourea (14C‐thiourea) and glucose (14C‐D‐glucose) were studied in indicator dilution experiments with indium labelled diethylene‐triaminepenta‐acetic acid (113mIn‐DTPA) as reference substance. This method allows a quantitative estimate of the transcapillary loss of solutes, the extraction (E), during a single passage through the brain. Passage of macromolecules was studied using as marker substance Evans Blue which binds to plasma albumin.In the resting state ENa, ECl, Ethiourea and Eglucose were 2.9, 4.8, 9.3 and 12.5%, respectively. During seizures and during shortlasting hypercapnia E glucose decreased while E for the other tracers was unchanged. As cerebral blood flow increased, there must be an increased transfer of test substances into the brain. This finding is in agreement with recent human studies [15]. When Evans Blue was injected intravenously prior to electroshock, there was no staining of brain tissue after one electroshock but following repeated electroshocks some staining was observed. In an attempt quantify this transcapillary loss of albumin by means of indicator dilution, 51Cr‐labelled erythrocytes were used as intravascular reference substance against 113mIn‐DTPA (a plasma tracer). However, the albumin loss (by pinocytosis or otherwise) occurring after ten electroshocks could not be detected during a single passage through the brain.
Immunoglobulins in myasthenia gravis: effect of human lymph IgG 3 and F(ab‘)2 fragments on a cholinergic receptor preparation from Torpedo marmorata*
Authors: LEFVERT A. K. , BERGSTRÖM K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Lymph IgG from patients with myasthenia gravis was shown to inhibit the binding of radio‐labelled Naja naja siamensisα‐neurotoxin to membrane fragments from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. This effect could be related to IgG subclass 3 and to the F(ab)2 fragment.These findings confirm the involvement of antibodies to postsynaptic structures in myasthenia gravis.
Bile acid metabolism in ileostomy patients
Authors: HUIBREGTSE K. , HOEK F. , SANDERS G. T. B. , TYTGAT G. N. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In ten ileostomy patients, a 14C‐cholylglycine breath test was performed. The 14CO2 in the exhaled air and the 14C bile acid quantity and composition and fat content in the subsequent 24 h ileostomy effluent were determined and compared to the values in twenty healthy controls.The results show that in ileostomy patients only minor bile acid‐deconjugation occurs in vivo. Deconjugation in the ileostomy bags was found to be mainly responsible for the absence of conjugated bile acids in many of the ileostomy effluent samples. Secondary bile acids were not present in these patients, as determined by TLC. The fecal fat and bile acid excretion was found to be in the normal range in ileostomy patients provided no concomitant ileum resection was present.
Determination of splenic blood flow by inhalation of radioactive rare gases
Authors: HUCHZERMEYER H. , SCHMITZ‐FEUERHAKE I. , REBLIN T. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. We have evaluated the 133Xenon inhalation method for the determination of splenic blood flow. In twenty‐two healthy persons the blood flow was on average 109 ± 4 ml/100 g X min, which is equivalent to a total blood flow of about 170 ml/min. In patients with chronic fatty liver hepatitis specific blood flow was reduced (81 ± 10 ml/100 g X min) as it was in patients with cirrhotic liver without splenomegaly (75 ± 2 ml/100 g X min). With increasing weight of the spleen, the total blood flow rises, although specific blood flow is low. Our results obtained by the 133Xenon inhalation method are similar to results obtained by others using intraarterial injection of tracer gas. The advantages of the inhalation method as a non‐traumatic method are: (1) the stress for the patient is very small; (2) blood flow measurements can be repeated within short periods of time.We consider for the present the 133Xenon inhalation method to be the method of choice for the determination of the splenic blood flow.
The influence of hydrazine, phenelzine and nialamide on gluconeogenesis and cell respiration in the perfused guinea‐pig liver
Authors: HAECKEL R. , OELLERICH M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Hydrazine (2 mmol/l) and phenelzine (0.5 mmol/l), which are known to produce hypoglycaemia, inhibit glucose formation from lactate in the perfused guinea‐pig liver. The hydrazone formed from pyruvate and phenelzine exerted the same effect at concentrations of only 0.05 mmol/l. It is suggested that the hydrazones are the substances which are effective.All these compounds inhibited pyruvate consumption and decreased CO2 production by the perfused liver which, together with the pattern of hepatic metabolite concentrations, indicate that they diminish pyruvate metabolism. None of them influenced the activities in vitro of pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. The hydrazone compound caused an increase of the ATP/ADP ratio at lower concentrations and an opposite effect above 0.5 mmol/l.Nialamide, another hydrazine derivative, also reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis but led to a marked decrease in the hepatic ATP/ADP ratio and liver cell respiration accompanied by a rise in the 3‐hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio.
Hereditary deficiency of phosphoglycerate kinase: a new variant in erythrocytes and leucocytes, not associated with haemolytic anaemia
Authors: KRIETSCH WOLFGANG K. G. , KRIETSCH HELGARD , KAISER WOLFRAM , DUNNWALD MANFRED , KUNTZ GÜNTER W. K. , DUHM† JOCHEN , BÜCHER THEODOR 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. An X‐chromosome linked phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes and leucocytes was discovered in a large German kindred. Seven males of two generations were found to have only 21% of the normal enzyme activity in their erythrocytes, and twelve females of three generations showed various degrees of this defect. The differences in the expression of the deficiency in heterozygote females are explained by the Lyon hypothesis.The deficiency is caused by a variant enzyme, named phosphoglycerate kinase Munchen. Although it differs from the normal enzyme electrophoretically, the two enzymes resemble one another closely in many respects. They have essentially the same Km for the substrates of the backward reaction, identical pH optima and similar rates of thermal inactivation. In contrast to the nine previously described phosphoglycerate kinase deficiencies, all of which are associated with haemolytic anaemia, the carriers of phosphoglycerate kinase München show no overt clinical symptoms. The erythrocyte concentrations of adenine nucleotides and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate are normal.