bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration into the continuity of consciousness
Authors: B'Hahn Carmella 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCan we explain the wisdom we perceive in the eyes of newborn babies? Is the simple answer that they are incredibly wise? Is birth perhaps the death of an expanded consciousness, a state to which we are reborn with immense relief at the moment of physical death? Most eastern philosophy has long held this belief, but the body of evidence to support this hypothesis is also now burgeoning in the West. This paper examines some of that evidence, looking at what informs us of the existence of consciousness before birth and after death. It also addresses the importance of this knowledge reaching healthcare professionals, particularly those who work closely with birth, death and dying, and the grieving process. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Photoluminescence of cerium–europium co‐doped SiO2 phosphor prepared by a sol–gel process
Authors: Ntwaeaborwa O. M. , Swart H. C. , Kroon R. E. , Holloway P. H. , Botha J. R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCe3+ and Eu3+ ions were simultaneously incorporated into a SiO2 matrix by a sol–gel process, resulting in a phosphor that could be used in applications such as fluorescent lamps, solid state lasers, optical waveguides and field emission displays. Variation between blue and red emissions was obtained when co‐doped SiO2:Ce,Eu powders with concentrations ranging from 0 to 5 mol% were exposed to ultraviolet light. An enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity from Ce3+, probably due to energy transfer from Eu3+, was observed for activator concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 mol%. Comparatively low PL intensities, especially from Ce3+, associated with concentration‐quenching were observed for activator concentrations in the range of 2–5 mol%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel sample pretreatment method using supercritical fluids for the analysis of atmospheric environmental samples by means of time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Sakamoto Tetsuo , Yamamoto Azusa , Owari Masanori , Nihei Yoshimasa 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA novel sample pretreatment method was developed for time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) analysis of organic matter in environmental particles. This method employs the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique. In SFE, the extraction efficiencies of aliphatic and aromatic compounds are largely different from each other at a certain fluid condition, e.g. pressure and temperature. Two‐step SFE (two fluid conditions) of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) showed that n‐alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be separately extracted by changing both the fluid pressure and temperature from low to high. This selective extraction was applied to the sample preparation of TOF‐SIMS analysis, where n‐alkanes are ‘unwanted’ constituents if PAHs are the analytical targets. The obtained TOF‐SIMS spectrum of the particles after SFE was simplified and the mass peaks of PAHs were easily assigned, because n‐alkanes were selectively removed in the SFE pretreatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of epitaxial MIM structures on NiAl(110) studied by XPS and low energy electron diffraction
Authors: Yoshitake Michiko , Song Weijie 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFabrication of a metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) structure of the Au/Pd/Al2O3/NiAl(110) system was investigated in situ using XPS and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). A well‐ordered Al2O3 film thicker than 0.5 nm was grown through the controlled oxidation of NiAl(110) at elevated temperature. Nearly layer‐by‐layer growth of Pd film on a 0.85‐nm thick, well‐ordered Al2O3 was observed by XPS when Pd was slowly deposited at room temperature. Binding energy shifts were not observed for the photoelectron peaks from the alumina or the substrate, but a binding energy shift was observed in the Pd peak during Pd deposition until 1.3 ML. The Pd layer produced hexagonal spots in LEED, suggesting the epitaxial growth of the (111) plane parallel to the surface. The Au layer was deposited on the Pd layer at room temperature under a slow deposition rate and also showed hexagonal spots in LEED. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of hydrogen contained in passivated poly‐Si and microcrystalline‐Si by ERDA technique
Authors: Boldyryeva H. , Honda S. , Mackova A. , Mates T. , Fejfar A. , Kočka J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPolycrystalline Si (poly‐Si) thin films produced by atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) were treated by hydrogen passivation in the remote plasma system. Such materials could be potentially used for photovoltaics applications. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of hydrogen passivation on poly‐Si thin film properties, such as hall mobility and photoluminescence. Elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) was used to determine the depth distribution and concentration of hydrogen. ERDA was also applied to determine the hydrogen content of amorphous/microcrystalline silicon produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) with various dilution ratios of the working gases (H2 and SiH4). A dependence of the hydrogen content on the crystallinity was observed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of silica‐coated TiO2 and its UV absorption for sunscreen cosmetic applications
Authors: Jaroenworaluck A. , Sunsaneeyametha W. , Kosachan N. , Stevens R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNanosized TiO2 is used extensively in sunscreen cosmetics as an inorganic UV absorber that can allow an optically transparent film to be applied to human skin. TiO2 is known to exist in three crystal forms: anatase, brookite and rutile. The rutile phase is generally used as a component in sunscreen cosmetics because of its higher UV absorption. A surface coating can be added to nanosized TiO2 to enhance its UV absorption by a different light diffraction mechanism. Silica‐coated nanosized TiO2 is examined in this study for this purpose. The nanosized TiO2 has been synthesized using hydrolysis of tetra‐isopropylorthotitanate (TIPT) as a precursor. After a calcination process, nanosized TiO2 was formed and subsequently its surface modified by coating with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the source of the silica. The same coating method was applied to nanosized commercial TiO2, to compare the surface characteristics. The resulting powders of coated TiO2 were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analyzed by energy dispersive analysis (EDS), respectively. UV‐vis spectroscopy was used to study the differences and effectiveness of the coated and uncoated TiO2. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy: simplifying complexity
Authors: van Riessen G. A. , Thurgate S. M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe use of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is expanding rapidly with the advent of more convenient, high‐resolution laboratory‐based instruments. The increase in the numbers and distribution of synchrotrons has also fuelled this burgeoning interest. Powell (C. J. Powell, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 21 (S42) 2003) has shown that the number of papers published on or using XPS has doubled in the past 10 years. He reports that there are in excess of 3000 papers published using XPS data each year across a wide range of applications, making it the most important technique for the determination of the composition of nano‐scale surface films. Yet XPS and the associated technique of Auger‐electron spectroscopy (AES) are not yet developed to the stage where the data and its interpretation are unambiguous. Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS) provides a means of simplifying spectra, allowing for the decomposition of these into components that have a common origin. The spectra so produced provide a unique opportunity to test theory. In this paper, we will review recent progress in developing better APECS spectrometers and illustrate the power of APECS with new data acquired by these. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SysML and UML 2 support for activity modeling
Authors: Bock Conrad 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article describes activity modeling as specified by the Systems Modeling Language (as specified by the SysML Merge Team, http://doc.omg.org/ad/2006‐02‐01, February 2006) and the finalization of the Unified Modeling Language version 2 (UML 2). It reviews and updates an earlier proposed alignment between Enhanced Functional Flow Block Diagrams (EFFBD), UML 2 Activities, and requirements developed by the International Council on Systems Engineering and Object Management Group. It presents a spectrum of activity modeling techniques, ranging from a widely used systems engineering diagram, the EFFBD, to continuous flow modeling. The techniques include control capabilities, continuous system concepts, and others related to functional decomposition and allocation. The article also describes refinements of activity modeling concepts identified during SysML development. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 9:160–186, 2006
PaladinRM: Graph‐based visualization of requirements organized for team‐based design
Authors: Austin Mark , Mayank Vimal , Shmunis Natalya 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWhen requirements are organized into levels for team development, graph structures are needed to describe the comply and define relationships among requirements. Present‐day requirements engineering tools employ graph‐based structures for the storage and representation of engineering requirements, but often use a tree‐based model to display relationships among requirements. This strategy of development simplifies the details of implementation for visualization purposes, but unfortunately also causes gaps to appear between the visual representation and the underlying graph‐based data structures. Systems engineers currently use manual procedures to identify and close these gaps. To mitigate the limitations of this slow and error prone process, this paper describes the formulation of algorithms and development of a Java‐based requirements visualization tool called PaladinRM. PaladinRM can read a tree representation of requirements exported from a database, and construct and visualize the block diagram representation with all duplicate nodes removed. The implementation of PaladinRM makes extensive use of Semantic Web technologies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 9: 129–145, 2006
Effect of cutting height of Napier grass on rumen degradation and in vitro dry matter digestibility
Authors: Zewdu Tessema , Baars RMT 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPlant height at cutting had a significant inverse effect on rumen organic matter digestibility (OMD), neutral detergent fibre degradability (NDFD) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). There was a positive linear correlation between IVDMD and both OMD and NDFD at 48–120 h. The fertilizer treatments did not yield any significant difference on OMD, NDFD or IVDMD. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Variation in size, protein, cyanide and tannin contents of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus)
Authors: Offei SK , Asante IK , Danquah EY 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThirty one accessions had 100‐seed weight of 23.8 to 71.8 g and protein contents from 20.4 to 30.3%. There was little variation in cyanide content. Tannin contents varied tenfold among the accessions and increased with colour. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of fruit perianth on quality and storability of Gondeila and Barakawi dates
Authors: Abu‐Goukh Abu‐Bakr A , Shattir Adil E , Abdelbagi Azhari O 
Published: March 2006

AbstractGondeila and Barakawi dates stored without perianths had 24.0 and 9.8% respectively insect infestation after 6 months. Fruits stored with perianths intact or replaced by wax showed little infestation late during storage. Dates stored without perianths showed significant reduction in total and reducing sugars, proteins and phenolics. There was a positive correlation between insect infestation and reduction in total and reducing sugars, proteins and phenolics during storage. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of silver nitrate on in vitro shoot growth of coffee
Authors: Giridhar P , Indu EP , Vijaya Ramu D , Ravishankar GA 
Published: March 2006

AbstractShoots of arabica and robusta coffee showed increased growth when incubated on MS medium containing silver nitrate and indole acetic acid and benzyladenine. Different concentrations of silver nitrate had the greatest effect on the various growth parameters. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Seasonal occurrence, spatial distribution and control of the cocoa stem borer, Eulophonotus myrmeleon, in Ghana
Authors: Adu‐Acheampong R , Ackonor JB , Sarfo JE , Padi B 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEulophonotus myrmeleon larvae had population peaks in May and September and this occurred mainly up to 1.5 m above ground level. Adult emergence showed peaks in April and October. Larvae could be controlled by squeezing aluminium phosphide paste into the exit holes or by plugging them with pieces of wood. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The response of the forest tree Terminalia superba to weed competition and intercropping in the savanna of Kombé, Congo
Authors: N'zala D , Ikoungou C 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe weed species occurring with Limba (Terminalia superba) saplings are reported. Weeds affected tree growth only at some stages in the first year and intercropping with groundnut, maize and soyabean had no adverse effect. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Improving maize and cowpea seed quality through seed processing
Authors: Asiedu EA , Danquah OA , Adusei‐Akowuah P , Van Gastel AJG 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA medium (110‐day) maturing Quality Protein Maize variety and an early (60‐day) cowpea variety, were harvested, shelled/threshed and mechanically cleaned using an air‐screen cleaner, followed by a gravity separator. This gave significant increases in field emergence, laboratory germination, pure seed and 1000‐seed weight of maize and cowpea. Germination and purity of both of the processed seeds far exceeded the Ghanaian minimum standards. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Influence of growth‐promoting substances on sprouting of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) setts
Authors: Suja G , Nair VM , Saraswathy P , Geetha Kumari VL 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSett treatment with 2% thiourea induced early sprouting and longer sprouts that led to a vigorous crop. Potassium nitrate had no pronounced effect. The farmers' practice of dipping the setts in cow dung slurry or smearing with wood ash resulted in poor, slow and staggered sprouting. Indole acetic acid had the least effect on sprouting. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on root‐knot nematode disease of soyabean
Authors: Agu CM 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe highly resistant soyabean cultivar TGx536‐02D became susceptible to Meloidogyne javanica at 1.0–2.5 g/plant of single superphosphate applied. The moderately resistant TGx 813‐6D became more susceptible at 0.5–2.5 g/plant of the fertilizer. The highly susceptible cultivar Samoy‐1 was not affected by 2.5 g/plant. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
The degradability of straw from single‐ and double‐crop rice varieties
Authors: Vadiveloo J 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe degradation of two single‐crop and six double‐crop rice straw varieties was compared before and after urea treatment. The single‐crop varieties were taller, later maturing, lower in grain yield, contained more stem and were lower in the degradability of their straw than the double‐crop varieties before urea treatment. This suggests that breeding for improved agronomy could also improve the straw. Single‐crop varieties responded better to urea than the double. Principal component and cluster analyses showed that the distinction between single‐ and double‐crop varieties before urea treatment were not evident after it. The leaf fraction of all straw varieties responded better than the stem to urea. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Yield of rainfed lowland rice with medium water depth under anaerobic direct seeding and transplanting
Authors: Sarkar RK , Das Sanjukta 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSeeds of six rice cultivars sown in moistened soil and maintained after five days under 20±5 cm of water were compared with 30‐day‐old seedlings transplanted in the normal way. Compared with transplanting, the crops from anaerobic direct seeding had more plant height and above‐ground dry matter, less chlorophyll and specific leaf weight, and more panicles per unit area and sterile spikelets. Panicle weight and harvest index showed highly significant positive associations with grain yield. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Aflatoxin contamination of dried yam chips marketed in Nigeria
Authors: Bankole SA , Adebanjo A 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDried yam chips from different markets in western Nigeria had pH 5.7–6.1 and moisture contents of 7.5–14.3%. Aspergillus was the predominant mould followed by Penicillium. From thin layer chromatography analysis, 54% of the chips were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 up to 186 (g/kg, 32% with aflatoxin B2 up to 55 (g/kg. Of the samples, 51% contained aflatoxin above the 20 ppb internationally accepted residue limit. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
The properties of starches from some Ivory Coast wild yam (Dioscorea) species
Authors: Sahoré DA , Amani NG , Nemlin GJ 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStarch was extracted from tubers of the wild yam species Dioscorea praehensilis, hirtiflora, burkilliana, bulbifera, minutiflora and dumetorum. The physicochemical and gelatinization properties are reported. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effect of defoliation and intercropping with forage legumes on maize yield and forage production
Authors: Zewdu Tessema 
Published: March 2006

AbstractLeaf defoliation of maize at various growth stages significantly affected the yield of grain, stem, cob and defoliated leaf. Forage legumes could be established under maize without reducing the grain or stover yield. Leaf defoliation up to 50% did not affect the grain and stover yield components or the yield of undersown Vicia villosa. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Role of soil amendment and repeated cropping in the management of pea root rot
Authors: Sagar Vinay , Sugha SK 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSoil amendment and repeated cropping with different non‐host crops such as wheat, oats, maize and sorghum reduced the population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi and F. solani f. sp. pisi in the soil and the severity of pea root rot due to these pathogens. F. solani f. sp. pisi was more sensitive to soil amendment, and wheat and especially maize were more effective than the other two non‐host crops. Repeated cropping of non‐host species was more effective than a single crop. No relation was established between the population of the Fusaria and severity of pea root rot. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Rumen dry matter degradation of tree species by West African dwarf goats
Authors: Ubani ON , Tewe OO , Smith J 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRumen degradation of browse tree/shrubs was determined in West African dwarf goats. Gliricidia sepium, Baphia nitida and Afzelia bella were ranked as high; Newbouldia laevis and Alchornea cordifolia as medium; and Albizia zygia and Dialum guineense as low in forage quality. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
The life cycle of the cocoa stem borer Eulophonotus myrmeleon in Ghana
Authors: Adu‐Acheampong R , Padi B , Sarfo JE 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA female Eulophonotus myrmeleon at emergence contains fully developed eggs and may lay whether mated or not. There is no preferred oviposition site and eggs are deposited randomly on the tree or on plant debris. The larva tunnels into a stem, enlarging the gallery as it grows, and spends its entire immature life inside the stem. Survival to adulthood was 2–3%. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Damage by the fruit borer Nephopterix sp. and other factors in sheanut tree, and their distribution in northern Ghana
Authors: Dwomoh Emmanuel Agyemang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStudies in seven districts of northern Ghana showed that Nephopterix sp., physiological disorders and an unidentified borer caused 16%, 2.6% and 0.8% of fruit losses, respectively. Infestation by borers occurred mainly in April to June, while losses due to physiological disorders were highest in March. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of nitrogen and farmyard manure on insect pests of pearl millet in northern Ghana
Authors: Tanzubil Paul B , Zakariah M , Alem A 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIncreasing the rate of N applied to millet increased the incidence of stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis, and cotton stainers, Dysdercus volkeri. Controlled studies confirmed that when C.ignefusalis larvae were reared on millet grown on high doses of N, their survival and subsequent crop damage increased. However, nitrogen applications reduced the incidence of the head miner, Heliocheillus albipunctella. Farmyard manure, even at 10 kg/ha, had no significant effect on pest incidence. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Breaking of seed coat dormancy in guava
Authors: Essien EP 
Published: March 2006

AbstractScarification of seeds with concentrated acids greatly increased germination, especially sulphuric acid, which showed 98% germination. The control seeds soaked in cold water gave 20%, while pre‐treatment with gibberellic acid gave 65%. Seeds soaked in hot water did not germinate. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Economic analysis of mango multistrata intercropping
Authors: Awasthi OP , Saroj PL 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMultistorey cropping of mango with bay, black pepper, pineapple and ginger did not affect the yield of mango. Four combinations of these intercrops gave net returns of 91–143% over the monocrop. Ginger, bay leaf and pepper were effective in sustaining income especially during an ‘off’ year when mango is not bearing. By intercropping, farmers can generate income over a period of seven months. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus brachyurus on leaf growth of sweetpotato
Authors: Agu CM 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMeloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus brachyurus reduced leaf growth on shoots of sweet potato. M. incognita had a greater effect than P. brachyurus. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Storability of Amaranthus leafy vegetable in different vegetable boxes
Authors: Oyebanji AO , Ubani ON , Williams JO , Adesida MA , Olahan SA 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFresh Amaranthus sp. leafy vegetable was stored in cane boxes lined with polyethylene or woven polypropylene or unlined boxes, all covered with moist jute. Open‐air storage on laboratory benches was the control. The vegetable in boxes stored well for 3 days without loss of acceptability, but discolouration and rotting were obvious by the sixth day. The leaves stored in open air were of moderate quality within a day and unacceptable. Returns from using the boxes were N79‐80 per day, compared to rental cost of N20‐21.4 per day. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Thermostable amylases from hyper‐thermal springs of Ethiopia
Authors: Haki GD , Rakshit SK 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBacterial colonies were isolated from six Ethiopian hyperthermal springs which were at 36–93°C, and 10% of these were amylase positive. A number of the crude enzyme extracts were active at elevated temperatures. Two thermophilic Gram‐positive Bacillus strains were identified as B. stearothermophilus and B. licheniformis. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd