bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New reports on the association between eggs and sclerotium-forming fungi in Neotropical termites with insights into this mutualistic interaction
Authors: Costa-Leonardo Ana Maria , Janei Vanelize , da Silva Iago Bueno 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Over many years of co-evolution, termites and fungi have developed varied interactions. Sclerotia, termed termite balls, are fungal resting structures often mixed with termite eggs, with many reports in temperate areas. Here, we show that this interaction is more widespread than suggested, by reporting the occurrence of fungal sclerotia harboured in the nests of four Neotropical termitids: Cornitermes cumulans, Silvestritermes euamignathus (Syntermitinae), Velocitermes heteropterus, and Nasutitermes corniger (Nasutitermitinae). We performed termite–fungus recognition bioassays and carried out morphometrical, histological, and histochemical analyses on the sclerotia, assuming that they vary in their stored materials according to the maturation stage. Morphometrical and morphological features varied among the sclerotia associated with the different termite species. Moreover, workers preferentially carried related sclerotia, suggesting a species-specific interaction, and did not mistake them for eggs. Immature and mature sclerotia varied in the concentration of stored proteins, polysaccharides, and melanin. This facultative mutualism is advantageous for the sclerotia because they are kept in a competitor-free environment and, in turn, are likely to serve as an additional source of termite digestive enzymes. We provide new findings concerning the geographical distribution, termite species, and nesting habits related to this termite–fungus association, reinforcing its parallel evolution.
Impact of near-infrared fluorescence imaging plus indocyanine green fluorescence on postoperative hypoparathyroidism rates after total thyroidectomy and central neck lymph node dissection
Authors: Di Lorenzo Sofia , Carrillo Lizarazo Jose Luis , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Kraimps Jean-Louis , Donatini Gianluca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with thyroid carcinoma often undergo cervical lymph node dissection, which is associated with high rates of both transient and permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The impact of near-infrared fluorescence imaging + indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence on postoperative hypoparathyroidism rates after total thyroidectomy and central neck lymph node dissection was evaluated.

Methods
All patients undergoing surgery between January 2019 and March 2023 were included and divided into three groups: a control group (parathyroid glands identified visually), a near-infrared fluorescence imaging alone group, and a near-infrared fluorescence imaging + ICG fluorescence group. The primary outcome was the transient and permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism rates. Secondary outcomes were: length of surgery and number of parathyroid glands identified, inadvertently resected, and autotransplanted.

Results
A total of 131 patients were included in the study (47 in the control group, 45 in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging alone group, and 39 in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging + ICG fluorescence group). The transient hypoparathyroidism rate was 48.9% in the control group, 37.8% in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging alone, and 5.1% in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging + ICG fluorescence group (P &lt; 0.0001), while the permanent hypoparathyroidism rate was 8.5% in the control group, 2.2% in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging alone group, and 0% in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging + ICG fluorescence group (P = 0.096). The number of parathyroid glands identified was 159 of 188 in the control group, 165 of 180 in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging alone group, and 149 of 156 in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging + ICG fluorescence group (P = 0.002). Inadvertent resection of parathyroid glands occurred for 29 of 188 in the control group, 15 of 180 in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging alone group, and 7 of 156 in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging + ICG fluorescence group (P = 0.002), with subsequent parathyroid gland autotransplantation for 2 of 29 in the control group, 2 of 15 in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging alone group, and 3 of 7 in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging + ICG fluorescence group (P = 0.040). There was no difference in the median operating time between groups.

Conclusion
The use of near-infrared fluorescence imaging + ICG fluorescence decreased both transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism rates in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy and central neck lymph node dissection.
Resilience to summer bushfire in the threatened orchid, Caladenia tessellata, in terms of pollination success, herbivory, and mycorrhizal associations
Authors: Phillips Ryan D , Hatley Jude , Li Xia , Dimon Richard J , Reiter Noushka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In some biogeographic regions, many threatened plant species occur in habitats that periodically experience bushfire. However, we currently have relatively little information on how important plant–animal and plant–fungus interactions are affected by these fires. For the threatened sexually deceptive orchid Caladenia tessellata we test whether pollination rate, frequency of florivory, and the species of mycorrhizae the plant associates with differ between burnt and unburnt sites. Interestingly, pollination rates were unaffected by fire, demonstrating that populations of the thynnine wasp pollinator can persist post-fire. However, there was a significant negative relationship between number of flowers in a population and pollination success, which is likely a by-product of a deceptive pollination strategy. Despite the presence of vertebrate herbivores, florivory rates were low in both burnt and unburnt sites. Caladenia tessellata associated primarily with the mycorrhiza Serendiptia australiana, regardless of fire history. While our results suggest resilience to a one-off summer fire for the ecological interactions that we measured, it would be interesting to investigate the effects of fire frequency and time of year. High reproductive rates in small populations of C. tessellata suggest these populations may be viable and that retaining them is a high priority for conservation.
A bromeliad living in the city: a case of a native species resilient to urbanization in South Brazil
Authors: Ruas Renata de B , de Godoy Sara M , Feliciano Daniele C , Ruas Claudete de F , Bered Fernanda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In an era of increasing urbanization across the planet, understanding how urbanization affects biodiversity and whether or not species will be able to adapt quickly enough to urban environments is critical to conserving biodiversity. We studied the effects of urbanization on genetic diversity, genetic structure, and local adaptation in Tillandsia aeranthos, an epiphytic self-incompatible bromeliad with a high ability to colonize urban habitats. We sampled T. aeranthos along two transects comprising urbanization gradients in South Brazil. We used AFLP markers to genotype 200 individuals and we obtained 971 fragments, of which 100% were polymorphic. We found high levels of genetic diversity and a greater proportion of genetic variation found within populations. We did not find a decrease in genetic diversity with increasing urbanization, as expected if the effects of genetic drift were greater in those urbanized habitats. In each transect, the urban populations were genetically clustered with the non-urban populations, indicating that dispersion by pollen or seed may occur between urban and non-urban populations. The lack of correlation between the outlier loci detected and the index of urbanization found in our study corroborates with other indices of genetic diversity not being affected by urbanization. Our results suggest that gene flow via pollen and seed, combined with high rates of outcrossing, are major determinants of the maintenance of genetic diversity in urban populations of T. aeranthos.
Speciation of iodine on biogenic iron oxyhydroxides by I K-edge and LIII-edge XANES
Authors: Kikuchi Sakiko , Kashiwabara Teruhiko , Kurisu Minako , Wakaki Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The host phase of iodine (I) in biogenic iron oxyhydroxides (BIOS) was determined using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). I K-edge and LIII-edge XANES analyses of BIOS collected from deep-sea hydrothermal environments revealed that the primary form of I in the BIOS is an organic species. Furthermore, LIII-edge XANES fitting implied the dominance of aromatic-bound I among BIOS. Our first observation of organic–trace element association in natural BIOS can explain the enhanced adsorption of I on BIOS compared to synthetic ferrihydrite. This further suggests the importance of various chemistry on this organic–mineral composite for understanding the geochemical cycling of trace elements.
Detecting periodic time scales of changes in temporal networks
Authors: Andres Elsa , Barrat Alain , Karsai Márton 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Temporal networks are commonly used to represent dynamical complex systems like social networks, simultaneous firing of neurons, human mobility or public transportation. Their dynamics may evolve on multiple time scales characterizing for instance periodic activity patterns or structural changes. The detection of these time scales can be challenging from the direct observation of simple dynamical network properties like the activity of nodes or the density of links. Here, we propose two new methods, which rely on already established static representations of temporal networks, namely supra-adjacency and temporal event graphs. We define dissimilarity metrics extracted from these representations and compute their power spectra from their Fourier transforms to effectively identify dominant periodic time scales characterizing the changes of the temporal network. We demonstrate our methods using synthetic and real-world data sets describing various kinds of temporal networks. We find that while in all cases the two methods outperform the reference measures, the supra-adjacency-based method identifies more easily periodic changes in network density, while the temporal event graph-based method is better suited to detect periodic changes in the group structure of the network. Our methodology may provide insights into different phenomena occurring at multiple time scales in systems represented by temporal networks.
The association of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at intensive care unit discharge with intensive care unit readmission in the cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Shin Yonghoon , Jang Ji Hoon , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Na Soo Jin , Chung Chi Ryang , Choi Ki Hong , Park Taek Kyu , Lee Joo Myung , Yang Jeong Hoon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) readmissions contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The severity of patient illness at ICU discharge may predict early ICU readmission. Thus, in this study, we investigated the association of cardiac ICU (CICU) discharge Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score with unplanned CICU readmission in patients admitted to the CICU.

Methods and results
We retrospectively reviewed the hospital medical records of 4659 patients who were admitted to the CICU from 2012 to 18. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores at CICU admission and discharge were obtained. The predictive performance of organ failure scoring was evaluated by using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves. The primary outcome was unplanned CICU readmission. Of the 3949 patients successfully discharged from the CICU, 184 (4.7%) had an unplanned CICU readmission or they experienced a deteriorated condition but died without being readmitted to the CICU (readmission group). The readmission group had significantly higher rates of organ failure in all organ systems at both CICU admission and discharge than the non-readmission group. The AUROC of the discharge SOFA score for CICU readmission was 0.731, showing good predictive performance. The AUROC of the discharge SOFA score was significantly greater than that of either the initial SOFA score (P = 0.020) or the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (P &lt; 0.001). In the multivariable regression analysis, SOFA score, overweight or obese status, history of heart failure, and acute heart failure as reasons for ICU admission were independent predictors of unplanned ICU readmission during the same hospital stay.

Conclusion
The discharge SOFA score may identify patients at a higher risk of unplanned CICU readmission, enabling targeted interventions to reduce readmission rates and improve patient outcomes.
Dual trajectories of short-term and long-term sickness absence and their social- and health-related determinants among women in the public sector
Authors: Suur-Uski Johanna , Fagerlund Pi , Granroth-Wilding Hanna , Salonsalmi Aino , Rahkonen Ossi , Lallukka Tea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Short- and long-term sickness absence (SA) vary in their determinants. We examined short- and long-term SA contemporaneously as two interconnected phenomena to characterize their temporal development, and to identify employees with increasing SA at an early stage.

Methods
We extracted 46- to 55-year-old employed women from the Helsinki Health Study occupational cohort during 2000–17 (N = 3206) and examined the development of short- (1–14 days) and long-term (&gt;14 days) SA using group-based dual trajectory modelling. In addition, we investigated the associations of social-, work- and health-related factors with trajectory group membership.

Results
For short-term SA, we selected a three-group solution: ‘no short-term SA’ (50%), ‘low frequency short-term SA’ (40%), and ‘high frequency short-term SA’ (10%) (7 spells/year). For long-term SA, we also selected three trajectory groups: ‘no long-term SA’ (65%), ‘low long-term SA’ (27%), and ‘high long-term SA’ (8%). No SA in the short-term SA model, indicated a high probability of no SA in the long-term model and vice versa. The developmental pattern was far less certain if participant was assigned to a trajectory of high SA in either one of the models (short- or long-term SA model). Low occupational class and poor health behaviours were associated with the trajectory groups with more SA.

Conclusion
SA does not increase with age among most employees. If either SA rate was high, the developmental patterns were heterogenous. Employers’ attention to health behaviours might aid in reducing both short- and long-term SA.
Telemedicine visits requiring follow-up in-person visits at an urban academic family medicine centre
Authors: Arsenault Mylène , Long Stephanie , D’Souza Vinita , Ilie Alexandru , Todd Keith J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine was rapidly implemented in care settings globally. To understand what factors affect the successful completion of telemedicine visits in our urban, academic family medicine clinic setting, we analysed telemedicine visits carried out during the pandemic.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of telemedicine visits from 2 clinical units within a family medicine centre. To investigate the association between incomplete visits and various factors (age, gender, presenting complaints, physician level of training [resident or staff] and patient-physician relational continuity), we performed a multivariable logistic regression on data from August 2020, February 2021, and May 2021. An incomplete visit is one that requires a follow-up in-person visit with a physician within 3 days.

Results
Of the 2,138 telemedicine patient visits we investigated, 9.6% were incomplete. Patients presenting with lumps and bumps (OR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.44, 10.5), as well as those seen by resident physicians (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.56) had increased odds of incomplete visits. Telemedicine visits at the family medicine clinic (Site A) with registered patients had lower odds of incomplete visits (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.39) than those at the community clinic (Site B), which provides urgent/episodic care with no associated relational continuity between patients and physicians.

Conclusion
In our urban clinical setting, only a small minority of telemedicine visits required an in-person follow-up visit. This information may be useful in guiding approaches to triaging patients to telemedicine or standard in-person care.
The comparison between effects of heterogeneous and homogeneous half-spaces underlying homogeneous layer on solitary Love waves
Authors: Deliktas-Ozdemir Ekin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A comparative analysis is performed on the effects of heterogeneity in both linear and non-linear material characteristics of half-space on the propagation of bright and dark solitary Love waves in a non-linear layered half-space. The layer is assumed to be homogeneous, non-linear and elastic, while the half-space is vertically heterogeneous. The problem is formulated for two types of elastic materials, incompressible and generalized neo-Hookean materials, and the differences caused by the two materials in the formulation are revealed. For the media composed of generalized neo-Hookean materials, a non-linear Schrödinger equation describing the self interaction of Love waves is obtained using multiple scales method. The differences in the effects of linear and non-linear material properties of the half-space on both the existence and non-linear evolution of bright and dark solitary Love waves are compared graphically.
Association of white matter hyperintensities with BMD, incident fractures, and falls in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Cai Lishan , Lv Xingyu , Li Xiang , Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Heianza Yoriko , Qi Lu , Zhou Tao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease globally, which increases the healthcare service burden. Recent studies have linked higher white matter hyperintensities (WMH) to reduced BMD, increasing the risk of fractures and falls in older adults. However, limited evidence exists regarding the dose–response relationship between WMH and bone health in a larger and younger population. Our study aimed to examine the association of WMH volume with BMD, incident fractures and falls, focusing on dose–response relationship with varying levels of WMH volume. We included 26 410 participants from the UK Biobank. The association between WMH volume and BMD was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios of incident fractures and falls. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) fitted for linear and Cox regression models were employed to explore potential non-linearity. Over a mean follow-up time of 3.8 yr, we documented 59 hip fractures, 392 all fractures, and 375 fall incidents. When applying RCS, L-shaped relationships were identified between WMH volume and BMD across all 4 sites. Compared with those in the lowest fifth of WMH volume, individuals in the second to the highest fifths were associated with a reduction of 0.0102–0.0305 g/cm2 in femur neck BMD, 0.0075–0.0273 g/cm2 in femur troch BMD, 0.0173–0.0345 g/cm2 in LS BMD, and 0.0141–0.0339 g/cm2 in total body BMD. The association was more pronounced among women and younger participants under age 65 (Pinteraction &lt; .05). Per 1 SD increment of WMH volume was associated with 36.9%, 20.1%, and 14.3% higher risks of incident hip fractures, all fractures, and falls. Genetically determined WMH or apolipoprotein E genotypes did not modify these associations. We demonstrated that a greater WMH was associated with BMD in an L-shaped dose–response manner, especially in women and those under 65 yr.
Genomic Analyses Capture the Human-Induced Demographic Collapse and Recovery in a Wide-Ranging Cervid
Authors: Kessler Camille , Shafer Aaron B A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The glacial cycles of the Quaternary heavily impacted species through successions of population contractions and expansions. Similarly, populations have been intensely shaped by human pressures such as unregulated hunting and land use changes. White-tailed and mule deer survived in different refugia through the Last Glacial Maximum, and their populations were severely reduced after the European colonization. Here, we analyzed 73 resequenced deer genomes from across their North American range to understand the consequences of climatic and anthropogenic pressures on deer demographic and adaptive history. We found strong signals of climate-induced vicariance and demographic decline; notably, multiple sequentially Markovian coalescent recovers a severe decline in mainland white-tailed deer effective population size (Ne) at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. We found robust evidence for colonial overharvest in the form of a recent and dramatic drop in Ne in all analyzed populations. Historical census size and restocking data show a clear parallel to historical Ne estimates, and temporal Ne/Nc ratio shows patterns of conservation concern for mule deer. Signatures of selection highlight genes related to temperature, including a cold receptor previously highlighted in woolly mammoth. We also detected immune genes that we surmise reflect the changing land use patterns in North America. Our study provides a detailed picture of anthropogenic and climatic-induced decline in deer diversity and clues to understanding the conservation concerns of mule deer and the successful demographic recovery of white-tailed deer.
Dynamics of miRNA accumulation duringC. eleganslarval development
Authors: Nahar Smita , Morales Moya Lucas J , Brunner Jana , Hendriks Gert-Jan , Towbin Benjamin , Hauser Yannick P , Brancati Giovanna , Gaidatzis Dimos , Großhans Helge 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTemporally and spatially controlled accumulation underlies the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various developmental processes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, this is exemplified by the temporal patterning miRNAs lin-4 and let-7, but for most miRNAs, developmental expression patterns remain poorly resolved. Indeed, experimentally observed long half-lives may constrain possible dynamics. Here, we profile miRNA expression throughout C. elegans postembryonic development at high temporal resolution, which identifies dynamically expressed miRNAs. We use mathematical models to explore the underlying mechanisms. For let-7, we can explain, and experimentally confirm, a striking stepwise accumulation pattern through a combination of rhythmic transcription and stage-specific regulation of precursor processing by the RNA-binding protein LIN-28. By contrast, the dynamics of several other miRNAs cannot be explained by regulation of production rates alone. Specifically, we show that a combination of oscillatory transcription and rhythmic decay drive rhythmic accumulation of miR-235, orthologous to miR-92 in other animals. We demonstrate that decay of miR-235 and additional miRNAs depends on EBAX-1, previously implicated in target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD). Taken together, our results provide insight into dynamic miRNA decay and establish a resource to studying both the developmental functions of, and the regulatory mechanisms acting on, miRNAs.