bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Serosal Patch Clinical Use in 12 Animals
Authors: CROWE DENNIS T. 
Published: February 2008

Hollow viscus perforation and leakage were treated successfully in eight dogs by suturing the surface of a loop of healthy bowel over the leaking areas, forming a serosal patch. The technique also was employed in three dogs and one cat to reinforce areas of potential leakage in the urinary bladder, small intestine, and colon.Healthy bowel serosa was used to seal perforations in both clean‐contaminated and grossly infected visceral wounds. The serosal patch, with its muscular and submucosal reinforcing layers, resisted intraluminal pressure and proved successful in some animals where omental patching or wrapping had failed.
Feline Stifle Implant Arthroplasty
Authors: POWERS DENNIS L. , MAZANTI LAURA , RECUM ANDREAS F. VON 
Published: February 2008

Surgical management of feline osteoarthritis is currently limited to joint immobilization or amputation. A method of implanting a readily available Swanson Design Silastic finger joint implant in feline stifles was developed and tested in four cats.The surgical procedure was uncomplicated. The cats ambulated well and resumed normal activities. The joints were stable and retained normal ranges of motion. No undesirable gross pathology resulted from 3 months of implant residence.We believe that the results of this preliminary study justify investigation of prolonged implant times and clinical trials in arthritic cat stifles.
Bilateral Ureteroileostomy and Perineal Urinary Diversion in Dogs
Authors: BJORLING DALE E. , MAHAFFEY MARY B. , CROWELL WAYNE A. 
Published: February 2008

The urinary bladder was excised, and the ureters were implanted into an isolated segment of distal jejunum and ileum in three experimental dogs. The isolated bowel loop was drawn through the pelvic canal within the external anal sphincter to exit ventral to the anus. The dogs were evaluated for urinary continence, urinary tract infection, and renal function for up to 6 months postoperatively.Urinary continence did not return. Continuous urine leakage caused perineal scalding. The cutaneous openings of the isolated bowel loops developed strictures. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations did not increase. Excretory urography and retrograde radiographic studies of the bowel loop were performed periodically. Unilateral hydronephrosis was observed in two dogs 2 weeks postoperatively. The remainder of the excretory urograms were normal. Ureteral reflux was observed commonly on retrograde contrast studies. Positive bacterial cultures were obtained from all bowel loops and kidneys at necropsy. Alpha‐streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus spp. were isolated most frequently. Mild pyelitis was seen in histopathologic examination of the kidneys after necropsy. Urothelium replaced bowel mucosa near the site of ureteral implantation.This method of urinary diversion is not satisfactory for clinical use.
Use of Reconstruction Plates for the Repair of Segmental llial Fractures Involving Acetabular Comminution in Four Dogs
Authors: OST PETRA C. , KADERLY ROBERT E. 
Published: February 2008

Four dogs (27.3–31.8 kg) with ilial body fractures associated with various degrees of acetabular comminution were treated using internal fixation. Anatomic reduction and internal fixation were achieved using a long 2.7 mm reconstruction plate on the hemipelvis. Based on the patient's pelvic radiographs, the reconstruction plate was precontoured before surgery to precisely fit a bony pelvis of similar size and shape. Excellent anatomic reduction of the fractures was achieved in all four dogs. Three dogs recovered uneventfully and regained full function of the affected leg. In one dog with comminution of the acetabulum, reduction of the most caudally located fracture was not maintained. Severe osteoarthritis developed, and excision arthroplasty was performed.Reconstruction plates offer greater versatility than dynamic compression plates in the treatment of complex pelvic fractures such as ilial body fractures with acetabular comminution. The technique of precontouring the reconstruction plate prior to surgery decreases intraoperative time and corrects minor discrepancies in reduction.
Epoxy Putty for Free‐Form External Skeletal Fixators
Authors: ROE SIMON C. , KEO THEARAYOUK 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To evaluate the suitability of epoxy putty for use as a connecting beam material in a free‐form external skeletal fixator.Design—Mechanical evaluation of beams and the pin‐material interface of commonly used methacrylates and the proposed epoxy putty.Procedure—The apparent modulus, bending strength, and toughness of 10 beams of three methacrylates (Technovit, APEF System, Bone Cement) and three epoxy putties (Oatey Epoxy Putty, All‐Metals PowerPoxy, and Plumber's PowerPoxy) were determined in three‐point bending. The shear strength of smooth and roughened‐shaft pins embedded in the three methacrylates and the Oatey Epoxy Putty was determined by pull‐out testing.Results—The epoxy putties had similar strength, greater apparent modulus, and reduced toughness when compared with the methacrylates. The shear strength of the smooth pin interface with the Oatey Epoxy putty was greater than that with the methacrylates. The interface with roughened pins was much stronger than that with smooth pins for all materials tested.Clinical Relevance—Epoxy putty is a suitable material for free‐form external fixators. It is easy to handle, inexpensive, and has suitable setting times and mechanical properties.
Laryngoplasty With or Without Ventriculectomy for Treatment of Left Laryngeal Hemiplegia in 230 Racehorses
Authors: HAWKINS JAN F. , TULLENERS ERIC P. , ROSS MICHAEL W. , EVANS LOREN H. , RAKER CHARLES W. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of laryngoplasty on racing performance and to determine if any of the following variables had a significant effect on outcome: breed (ThoroughbredvStandardbred), endoscopic grade of laryngeal function, ventriculectomy versus no ventriculectomy, type of prosthetic suture used, and number of prostheses placed.Study Design—Retrospective study of laryngoplasty with or without ventriculectomy for treatment of left laryngeal hemiplegia in racehorses between 1986 and 1993.Animals or Sample Population—230 horses (174 Thoroughbreds, 56 Standardbreds).Methods—The medical records of racehorses or horses intended for racing were reviewed. Signalment, admitting complaints, physical examination findings, resting endoscopic grade of laryngeal function, type of prosthetic suture material used, number of prosthetic sutures placed, presence or absence of ventriculectomy, and postoperative complications were recorded.Results—Upper respiratory tract noise and exercise intolerance were the most common presenting complaints. Two horses had a laryngeal grade of 2, 109 horses a laryngeal grade of 3, and 119 horses a laryngeal grade of 4. Two double‐strand braided polyester sutures were used in 147 horses, a single double‐strand polyester suture was used in 49 horses, and a single double‐strand nylon suture was used in 34 horses. Ventriculectomy was performed on 186 horses. The most common complication recognized during hospitalization was coughing in 50 horses. Telephone follow‐up was obtained for 176 horses. For 168 horses, respiratory noise after surgery was decreased in 126 horses, the same in 28, and increased in 14. After hospital discharge, coughing occurred in 43 of 166 horses, and a nasal discharge occurred in 26 horses. Postoperative racing performance for 167 horses was subjectively evaluated by respondents as being improved in 69% of the horses. Overall owner satisfaction with the outcome after surgery was 81%. Of 230 horses, 178 raced at least one time after surgery. Overall, 117 horses raced three or more times before and after surgery, and 65 of these horses had improved performance index scores. None of the variables of surgical interest affected performance index scores.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Laryngoplasty with or without ventriculectomy allowed 77% of the horses to race at least one time after surgery, improved racing performance in 56% of the horses that completed three races before and after surgery, and improved subjectively evaluated racing performance in 69% of the horses.
Surgical Treatment of Bile Peritonitis in 24 Dogs and 2 Cats: A Retrospective Study (1987–1994)
Authors: LUDWIG LORI L. , McLOUGHLIN MARY A. , GRAVES THOMAS K. , CRISP M. SUSAN 
Published: February 2008

Objective— The purpose of this study was to determine the signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and factors affecting outcome of dogs and cats surgically treated for bile peritonitis.Study Design— Retrospective study.Animals or Sample Population— Twenty‐four dogs and two cats surgically treated for bile peritonitis.Methods— The medical records of dogs and cats surgically treated for biliary effusions at the Ohio State University and Michigan State University between 1987 and 1994 were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare factors affecting outcome.Results— The cause of the biliary effusion was determined in 24 animals, and resulted from disruption of the biliary tract secondary to trauma (n = 13) or necrotizing cholecystitis (n = 11). Determination of the bilirubin concentration of the abdominal effusion was the only diagnostic test that was 100% effective in diagnosing bile leakage before surgical intervention. The bilirubin concentration of the effusion was consistently at least two times higher than the serum bilirubin concentration. Bacteriologic culture and sensitivity revealed that a septic, biliary effusion was usually associated with multiple types of gram‐negative bacteria. The overall survival rate was 50% (13 of 26). The peripheral white blood cell count was significantly lower in survivors (mean 20,608/uL) compared with nonsurvivors (mean 35,712/uL). The immature neutrophil count was also significantly lower in survivors (mean 686/uL) than in nonsurvivors (4,852/uL). Only 27% (3 of 11) of the animals with a septic biliary effusion survived. In contrast, 100% (6 of 6) of the animals in which no bacteria were isolated from the abdominal effusion survived. Open abdominal drainage was not a successful treatment for 7 of 9 animals with septic biliary effusions. Survival was not significantly affected by the distribution of the peritonitis, cause of biliary effusion, or duration of clinical signs before surgical intervention.Conclusions— Patients with sterile biliary effusions have a much lower mortality rate than those with septic biliary effusions. The successful treatment of sterile biliary effusions does not require open abdominal drainage, and is not affected by the duration of the effusion.Clinical Relevance— This retrospective study provides information that may aid the surgeon in the diagnosis and treatment of bile peritonitis.
An In Vitro Biomechanical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Dynamic Compression Plated Osteotomized Adult Equine Tibiae
Authors: MCDUFFEE LAURIE A. , STOVER SUSAN M. , TAYLOR KENNETH T. 
Published: February 2008

Objective— To determine the monotonic mechanical properties of osteotomized adult equine tibiae stabilized with two dynamic compression plates (DCP) and to compare the mechanical properties with those of intact tibiae and in vivo loads. Study Design— The compressive, bending, and torsional mechanical properties of plated and intact tibiae were assessed in vitro. Animals or Sample Population— Twelve pairs of adult equine tibiae. Methods— Tibiae were loaded in axial compression, craniocaudal 3‐point bending, or torsion in external rotation in a single cycle to failure. Mechanical properties were determined from load‐displacement data. Results— Compared to intact tibiae, the mean yield load, failure load and stiffness of plated tibiae were significantly lower (P <.05) (compression and torsion); and the mean yield and failure bending moments, and bending stiffness, of the plated tibiae were lower (P <.075 for yield), or significantly lower, respectively. The mean compression and bending yield loads for plated tibiae were greater than in vivo loads. The mean torsional yield load for plated tibiae approximated the torsional load determined for the adult horse at a walk. Conclusions— Simple, anatomically reduced, DCP plated tibiae should have adequate strength to withstand immediate, postoperative in vivo compressive loads and bending moments placed on the tibia in vivo during immediate postoperative activities, however, may not have adequate torsional strength during immediate postoperative weight‐bearing at a walk. Clinical Relevance— Additional supportive methods, to decrease torsional loads, may be beneficial in maintaining stability of plate repaired tibiae during recovery from anesthesia and postoperative healing.
Partial Resection and Omentalization: A New Technique for Management of Prostatic Retention Cysts in Dogs
Authors: BRAY JONATHAN P. , WHITE RICHARD A.S. , WILLIAMS JOHN M. 
Published: February 2008

Objective‐The purpose of this study was to determine the results of a new technique for management of prostatic retention cysts in dogs.Study Design‐A retrospective clinical study.Animals‐Eighteen client‐owned dogs.Methods‐Dogs with prostatic retention cysts were treated by celiotomy and drainage of the cysts. The majority of the cyst wall was resected and residual cyst cavities were packed with omentum. All dogs were castrated.Results‐Long‐term resolution of clinical signs was achieved in all dogs, with follow‐up periods ranging from 6 to 42 months. Five dogs developed urinary incontinence postoperatively. This persisted in two dogs, but was well controlled with phenylpropanolamine. In the remaining dogs, the incontinence was transient and resolved within 2 months of surgery.Conclusions‐Partial cyst resection combined with omentalization and castration was a simple and effective means of managing prostatic retention cysts. The incidence of serious complications, including postoperative urinary incontinence, was low.
Anesthesia in Sheep With Propofol or With Xylazine‐Ketamine Followed by Halothane
Authors: LIN HUI‐CHU , PUROHIT RAM C. , POWE TOM A. 
Published: February 2008

Objective‐This study evaluates the clinical usefulness and anesthetic effect of propofol, and compares these effects with those of xylazine‐ketamine‐halothane anesthesia in sheep.Study Design‐Prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Animals or Sample Population‐ Fourteen healthy adult male sheep.Methods‐Sheep were randomly assigned to two different drug regimens: (1) Bolus injection of propofol (3 mg/kg, intravenously [IV]) followed by continuous intravenous infusion and (2) xylazine (0.11 mg/kg, IV) and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg, IV) for induction followed by halothane anesthesia. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial blood pressures were monitored during anesthesia. Venous blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis. Quality of induction and recovery were also recorded.Results‐The average dose of propofol used to induce and maintain anesthesia was 6.63 ±2.06 mg/kg and 29.3 ±11.7 mg/kg/hr (0.49 ±0.20 mg/kg/min), respectively. The duration of propofol anesthesia was 45.3 ±13.2 minutes and recovery to standing occurred in 14.7 ±5.7 minutes. Sheep receiving xylazine‐ketamine‐halothane were anesthetized for 35.9 ±4.0 minutes and recovery to standing occurred within 28.5 ±7.5 minutes. Sheep anesthetized with propofol had a significantly higher heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and Pvo2, and a lower Pvco2at 30 minutes and lower BE at 15 and 30 minutes than sheep anesthetized with xylazine‐ketamine‐halothane.Conclusions‐Propofol anesthesia was characterized by a smooth induction, effective surgical anesthesia and rapid recovery which was comparable to anesthesia with xylazine‐ketamine‐halothane.Clinical Relevance‐Propofol may be indicated in situations when it is desirable to maintain anesthesia with an intravenous infusion followed by a rapid recovery in healthy sheep.
Evaluation of an Oscillometric Blood Pressure Monitor on Anesthetized Cats and the Effect of Cuff Placement and Fur on Accuracy
Authors: BRANSON K.R. , WAGNER‐MANN C.C. , MANN F.A. 
Published: February 2008

Objectives— (1) To determine the usefulness of one specific oscillometric monitor for making indirect measurements of arterial pressure in cats. (2) To determine the difference between two specific cuff placement sites. (3) To determine if clipping the hair beneath the cuff has an affect on the accuracy of oscillometric blood pressure determination.Study Design— Prospective study comparing the accuracy of the Datascope Passport (Data‐scope Corp, Paramus, NJ) with concurrent invasive measurements.Animals— Six anesthetized domestic felines weighing 4.5 to 5 kg.Methods— The direct arterial pressure was measured using a cannula placed in the right common carotid artery. Oscillometric cuffs of appropriate size were placed on both thoracic limbs distal to the elbow and both pelvic limbs distal to the stifle. The hair in the areas of cuff placement on the right limbs was clipped circumferentially. Measurements of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were taken for each site during normotension, hypotension, and hypertension. Comparisons between indirect and direct measurements were made using a parametric analysis of method comparison.Results— No significant differences were noted when die clipped limbs were compared with the corresponding limbs which were left undipped (P>.378) or when the thoracic limb measurements were compared widi those of the pelvic limb (P>.088). There were significant differences (P<.002) between the two pressure measurement methods for the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures over all three pressure ranges.Conclusions— The Datascope Passport did not accurately estimate the invasively measured arterial pressure.Clinical Relevance— Use of noninvasive blood pressure monitoring equipment is increasing in use in veterinary medicine, and the accuracy of one specific monitor is reported.
The Intercarpal Ligaments of the Equine Midcarpal Joint, Part 1: The Anatomy of the Palmar and Dorsomedial Intercarpal Ligaments of the Midcarpal Joint
Authors: WHITTON R. CHRIS , MCCARTHY PAT H. , ROSE REUBEN J. 
Published: March 2008

Objective—To describe in detail the structure of the medial palmar intercarpal ligament (MPICL), the lateral palmar intercarpal ligament (LPICL), and a dorsomedial intercarpal ligament (DMICL) of the equine midcarpal joint. Study Design—Dissections of equine midcarpal joints. Animals and Sample Population—Ten carpal joints from eight thoroughbred horses. Methods—Detailed dissections of the midcarpal joint were performed, with particular attention paid to the MPICL, the LPICL, and the DMICL. The attachments and dimensions of these structures were recorded, as well as their behavior during joint movement. Results—The DMICL arose from the dorsomedial surface of the radial carpal bone (CR) and coursed palmarodistally to insert on the dorsomedial aspect of the second carpal bone (C2). The LPICL attached proximally predominantly on the distal part of the palmaromedial surface of the ulnar carpal bone (CU). From here the ligament coursed distomedially and slightly palmarly to the proximal palmarolateral surface of the third carpal bone (C3). The structure of the MPICL was complex. It attached proximally to the distolateral surface of the CR and distally to the proximal palmaromedial surface of C3, and the proximal palmarolateral aspect of the C2. It could be divided into four fiber bundles in all carpi. The predominant direction of fibers was dorsoproximal to palmarodistal, whereas the palmaromedial bundle coursed palmaroproximal to dorsodistal. Conclusions—The orientation of their fibers indicate that the MPICL and DMICL primarily resist dorsomedial displacement of CR, whereas the LPICL resists dorsolateral displacement of the CU and intermediate carpal bone. Clinical RelevanceAn understanding of the structure of the intercarpal ligaments of the midcarpal joint is important in interpreting their function and the reasons for damage to their structure.
The Intercarpal Ligaments of the Equine Midcarpal Joint, Part 2: The Role of the Palmar Intercarpal Ligaments in the Restraint of Dorsal Displacement of the Proximal Row of Carpal Bones
Authors: WHITTON R. CHRIS , ROSE REUBEN J. 
Published: March 2008

Objective—To determine the relative contributions of the palmar intercarpal ligaments in the midcarpal joint to the restraint of dorsal displacement of the proximal row of carpal bones. Study Design—A biomechanical study of cadaver equine carpi. Animals or Sample Population—Eight equine forelimbs from six thoroughbred horses. Methods—With joints in full extension, the radius was dorsally displaced while midcarpal joint displacement was measured. The restraining force at a joint displacement of 1.5 mm was determined from the load‐displacement curve. A ligament or pair of ligaments was then cut and the testing procedure repeated. Their contribution to restraining force was calculated as the percentage change in restraining force after the ligament was sectioned. Relative cross‐sectional areas of the ligaments tested were measured at the level of the midcarpal joint. Results—The collateral ligaments were the major contributors to the restraint of dorsal displacement (P <.001). In all joints, the palmar intercarpal ligaments contributed a greater proportion than the palmar carpal ligament (PCL) (P <.05). The mean percentage (±SEM) contributions to the restraint of dorsal displacement were 62.8 ± 3.4 for the collateral ligaments, 14.5 ±1.4 for the PCL, and 22.7 ± 2.2 for the palmar intercarpal ligaments. Mean cross‐sectional area expressed as a percentage (±SEM) of the total ligamentous area were 9.0 ± 0.3 for the palmar intercarpal ligaments, 27.1 ± 3.0 for the PCL, and 63.8 ± 2.8 for the collateral ligaments. Conclusions—Despite the small size of the palmar intercarpal ligaments, they play an important role in the restraint of dorsal displacement of the proximal row of carpal bones. Clinical Relevance—Interpretation, as well as prevention and treatment of intercarpal ligament tearing requires an understanding of their function.