bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical residents’ experiences with group biases in medical decision making: a qualitative study
Authors: Choi Justin J. , Mhaimeed Nada , Al-Mohanadi Dabia , Mahmoud Mai A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Systematic biases in group decision making (i.e., group biases) may result in suboptimal decisions and potentially harm patients. It is not well known how impaired group decision making in patient care may affect medical training. This study aimed to explore medical residents’ experiences and perspectives regarding impaired group decision making and the role of group biases in medical decision making.
Methods
This study used a qualitative approach with thematic analysis underpinned by a social constructionist epistemology. Semi-structured interviews of medical residents were conducted at a single internal medicine residency program. Residents were initially asked about their experiences with suboptimal medical decision making as a group or team. Then, questions were targeted to several group biases (groupthink, social loafing, escalation of commitment). Interviews were transcribed and transferred to a qualitative data analysis software. Thematic analysis was conducted to generate major themes within the dataset.
Results
Sixteen interviews with residents revealed five major themes: (1) hierarchical influence on group decision making; (2) group decision making under pressure; (3) post-call challenges in decision making; (4) interactions between teamwork and decision making; and (5) personal and cultural influences in group decision making. Subthemes were also identified for each major theme. Most residents were able to recognize groupthink in their past experiences working with medical teams. Residents perceived social loafing or escalation of commitment as less relevant for medical team decision making.
Conclusions
Our findings provide unique insights into the complexities of group decision making processes in teaching hospitals. Team hierarchy significantly influenced residents’ experiences with group decision making—most group decisions were attributed to consultants or senior team members, while lower ranking team members contributed less and perceived fewer opportunities to engage in group decisions. Other factors such as time constraints on decision making, perceived pressures from other staff members, and challenges associated with post-call days were identified as important barriers to optimal group decision making in patient care. Future studies may build upon these findings to enhance our understanding of medical team decision making and develop strategies to improve group decisions, ultimately leading to higher quality patient care and training.
Geometric factor analysis for dose distribution in the whole breast irradiation
Authors: Chen Feihu , Pan Xiang , Liu Xuhong , Wang Ru , Li Qianyan , Bai Han , Tan Simeng , Kong Yinwu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Protecting the heart and left lung is important for left-sided breast cancer radiotherapy. So，this study was to investigate the effect of geometric parameters on the dose of left lung and heart in whole breast radiotherapy.
Methods
A plan was designed for each patient using VMAT technology for thirty patients. A triangular ABC of the target was defined layer by layer. The geometric parameters were defined: Rat-H (the ratio of heart), Rat-L (the ratio of lung), the curvature and thickness of the target ρ and d. Explored the relationships between these parameters and the dose-volume of heart (V5,h, V10,h, V20,h, MHD) and left lung (V5,LL, V10,LL, V20,LL, V30,LL, V40,LL, MLD).
Results The V5,h, V10,h and MHD were all significantly associated with Rat-H (p<0.05). The V5,LL, V10,LL, V20,LL, V30,LL, V40,LL and MLD were all significantly associated with Rat-L (p<0.05). And the V20,LL, V30,LL and V40,LL were all significantly associated with d (p<0.05). Meanwhile，V30,LL and V40,LL were all significantly associated with ρ (p<0.05) . The correlations of the dose-volume of left lung and the four geometric parameters could be expressed by linear functions.
Conclusions
The geometric parameters Rat-H, Rat-L, d and ρ were closely related to the dose-volume of heart and left lung in whole breast radiotherapy.
Learning from virtual experiments to assist users of Small Angle Neutron Scattering in model selection
Authors: Robledo José Ignacio , Frielinghaus Henrich , Willendrup Peter , Lieutenant Klaus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this work we combine the advantages of Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) Monte Carlo simulations with the recent advances in computer vision to generate a tool that can assist SANS users in form factor model selection. We generate adataset of almost 260.000 SANS virtual experiments of the SANS beamline KWS-1 at FRM-II, Germany, intended for Machine Learning purposes. Then, we train a recommendation system based on an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks to predict the form factor model from the two-dimensional SANS scattering pattern measured at the position-sensitive detector of the beamline. The results show that the CNNs can learn the form factor prediction task, and that this recommendation system has a high accuracy in the classification task on 46 different form factor models. We also test the network with real data and explore the outcome. Finally, we discuss the reach of counting with the set of virtual experimental data presented here, and of such a recommendation system in the SANS user data analysis procedure.
Clinical efficacy of Luohua Anshen oral liquid in the treatment of short-term insomnia disorders (syndrome of depressed liver qi transforming into fire): protocol for a single-center, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Ting , Lee Yuan-Xin , Li Chun-Yan , Wang Yin , Huang Yu-Ling , Wang Guo-Hua , Wang Hui-Ru , Zhao Fei-Yi , Zhang Wen-Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: At present, insufficient attention and unsatisfactory treatment for short-term insomnia disorder are widespread problems. This group of people should receive safe and effective treatment as soon as possible and avoid developing into chronic insomnia disorder. We hope to intervene and treat these patients through Luohua Anshen oral Liquid, which is made of peanut branches and leaves and has been used to effectively treat insomnia disorder, this method can be conducive to preventing short-term insomnia disorder chronicity and reducing the burden of health economics.
Methods: This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial will be conducted at Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. After the one-week baseline, 96 short-term insomnia patients will be allocated 1:1:1 to intervention group A (treatment with Luohua Anshen oral liquid placebo 30 min after breakfast, and Luohua Anshen oral liquid 30 min before retiring for sleep),intervention group B (treatment with Luohua Anshen oral Liquid 30 min after breakfast, and Luohua Anshen oral liquid placebo 30 min before retiring for sleep) or the control group (treatment with oral placebo twice a day), with 4 weeks of treatment and 12 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome will be evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The secondary outcomes included the incidence of chronic insomnia, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Scale (TCMSS) and Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5) scores; the sleep parameters recorded in the GENEActiv and Sleep Diary;and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores. The mechanistic evidence will be full-spectrum detection via serum and fecal sample metabolomics.
Discussion: This study provides more subjective and objective evidence of the efficacy and safety of Luohua Anshen oral liquid for improving sleep quality and exploreing the metabolic pathway of Serum and feces in patients with short-term insomnia.
Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (Identifier: ChiCTR2300071930) on 30 May 2023.
The Inverse-Power Burr–Hatke-G Family: Properties and Inference with Real-Life Applications
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohamed A. , Nofal Zohdy M. , Afify Ahmed Z. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces a new generator called the inverse-power Burr–Hatke-G (IPBH-G) family. The special models of the IPBH-G family accommodate different monotone and nonmonotone failure rates, so it turns out to be quite flexible family for analyzing non-negative real-life data. We provide three special sub-models of the family, and derive its key mathematical properties. The parameters of the special IPBH-exponential model are explored using some frequentist approaches of estimation. Numerical simulations are performed to compare and rank the proposed methods based on partial and overall ranks. The superiority of the IPBH-exponential model over other distributions is illustrated empirically by means of three real-life data sets from applied sciences including industry, medicine, and agriculture.
A Preliminar Study of the Avifauna Composition of Four Parks in Salto, São
Authors: Maia Bárbara , Constantino Daniel Josué , Lima Vinícius Emanuel Brito 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Birds play several ecological roles, such as plant pollination, seed dispersion, pest control, maintenance of gene flow, also attracting tourists to birdwatching. Therefore, knowledge regarding this biota is relevant for ecology and is important for understanding ecosystem dynamics and how human intervention affects them. The municipality of Salto, located in the southeast of São Paulo/Brazil, is a mutualistic transition zone between three brazilians biomes, predominantly riparian forest present along the banks of Tietê river, supporting ecological tourism among other 70 touristic resorts, gathering landscapes of great scenic beauty. In order to characterize avian community of Salto, we carried surveys in four different preserved parks, from March/2021 to March/2023. Data collection was based on field observations and photographic records on the WikiAves platform, using qualitative criteria, in which 340 native species were acknowledged for the area. The present work stands for the first birdlife characterization attempt for the municipality of Salto, generating relevant data regarding ecological dynamics between remnants, to quantify seasonal migrations in the city and provide subsidies for environmental enrichment in the parks. This work contributes to future conservation initiatives, as well as environmental education and support sustainable local ecotourism.
Size differences between the maxillary halves in CBCT datasets of subjects with unilateral palatal canine impactions
Authors: Baqer Ahmed , Gyasudeen Kabir Syed , Eljabour Rana , Chaudhry Jahanzeb , Prasad Sabarinath , Tawfik Abdulrahman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate asymmetry in the maxillary volume of subjects with unilateral palatal canine impactions using a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) segmentation method.
Methods
Craniofacial CBCT datasets of eleven subjects with unilateral palatal canine impactions were processed with a combination of AI-assisted automatic and investigator-guided segmentation techniques. Post-segmentation, three investigators independently measured the voxel-based volumes of specific maxillary structures, including the impaction and non-impaction maxillary sides, and the maxillary canines.
Results
High inter- and intra-investigator reliability in the volumetric measurements was seen. No significant right-left differences in the volumetric measurements of the skeletal maxillary halves (p = 0.3) or maxillary canines (p = 0.87) was observed in subjects with unilateral palatal canine impactions.
Conclusions
Within study limitations, right-left maxillary volumetric symmetry is observed in subjects with unilateral palatal canine impactions. The study establishes a reliable method for future AI-assisted investigations to understand the aetiology of canine impactions using CBCT datasets.
Deciphering the Impact of Nutrient Composition and Tissue Structure on Rumen Microbiome Dynamics in Roughage Degradation
Authors: Ye Xiaoxing , Li Keyao , Li Yafei , Gu Mingming , OMOOR IBRAHIM N.A. , Liu Haoyu , Qiu Shuilin , Jiang Xinhui , Lu Jianing , Ma Zhiyi , Wu Jiyao , Gan Qianfu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Ruminant animals, such as goats, depend on rumen microbial communities to degrade fibrous nutrients from roughages, facilitating their growth and development. This research delved into the dynamic shifts in surface-attached rumen microbes found in representative roughages (rice straw, bamboo shoot sheet, and alfalfa) and examined their degradation characteristics. Four 14-month-old Min Dong goats with rumen fistulas were used for the experiment, and the roughages were assessed at seven intervals (4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, and 72 h). Using the 16S rRNA and metagenomics sequencing techniques to reveal the microbiome composition and their functions.
Results
Prevotella and Treponema were pinpointed as pivotal genera in roughage degradation. The nutritional composition and tissue structure of roughages affected microbial attachment, causing variations in nutrient degradation rates and the overall degradation process. Microbes related to dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation were abundant in the early fermentation stages (4-12h) while decreased as time progressed. In contrast, microbes of fiber degradation increased gradually after 24-hour. Dominant in the goat rumen, Prevotella and Treponema are integral to roughage degradation, attributed to their multifaceted functional traits. Furthermore, the surface-attached microbes in the three roughages produced BG (β-Glucosidase), C1 (Endo-β-1,4-glucanase), Cx (Exo-β-1,4-glucanase), and NEX (Neutral xylanase) enzymes. The activity of these enzymes and their correlation with GHs (Glycoside Hydrolases) functional genes increased with the fiber content of the roughages.
Conclusions
These insights advance our understanding of microbial roles in ruminant nutrition and digestion. The interaction between microbial communities and rumen fermentation is pivotal to understanding the collaborative gene encoding by goat rumen microbiota being critical for fiber degradation.
GLiDe: a web-based genome-scale CRISPRi sgRNA design tool for prokaryotes
Authors: Xiang Tongjun , Feng Huibao , Xing Xin-hui , Zhang Chong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
CRISPRi screening has become a powerful approach for functional genomic research. However, the off-target effects resulting from the mismatch tolerance between sgRNAs and their intended targets is a primary concern in CRISPRi applications.
Results
We introduce Guide Library Designer (GLiDe), a web-based tool specifically created for the genome-scale design of sgRNA libraries tailored for CRISPRi screening in prokaryotic organisms. GLiDe incorporates a robust quality control framework, rooted in prior experimental knowledge, ensuring the accurate identification of off-target hits. It boasts an extensive built-in database, encompassing 1,397 common prokaryotic species as a comprehensive design resource.
Conclusions
GLiDe provides the capability to design sgRNAs for newly discovered organisms. We further demonstrated that GLiDe exhibits enhanced precision in identifying off-target binding sites for the CRISPRi system.
Determining the link between psoriasis and Crohn's disease using bioinformatics and systems biology approaches
Authors: Xu Shihao , Li Ya , Yang Xin , Xie ChaoZheng , He Kuan , Wei Zhengqiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Psoriasis, like Crohn's Disease is a lasting inflammatory condition with a complex mix of genetic and immune factors. It brings challenges to patients worldwide. This research delves into their connection by using RNA sequencing techniques and gene expression analysis to uncover genetic pathways. It emphasizes the significance of NAMPT as a gene influencing how they regulate responses and disease development. The study sheds light on the interplay among psoriasis and Crohn's disease by merging datasets. It provides perspectives, on targeted treatment approaches. Improved diagnostic accuracy.
A Descriptive Study on the Characteristics of Cardiomyopathy Patients with Acid α-Glucosidase (GAA) Pseudo-deficiency Allele and the Clinical Significance in a Tertiary Heart Centre in Malaysia
Authors: CHOW Han Bing , LIM Caryn Tsujean , HO Yik Hon , LING Hwei Sung , CHAN En Ze , FONG Alan Yean Yip , SAID Asri , ONG Tiong Kiam , OON Yen Yee 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
GAA pseudo-deficiency is a change in the GAA genetic sequence that results in GAA enzyme activity reduction. It generally has no clinical consequence among newborns and children. However, the long-term clinical consequences into adulthood have not been well studied. This study aims to study the characteristics of cardiomyopathy patients who carry GAA pseudo-deficiency alleles.
Methods
All patients who were diagnosed with cardiomyopathy at our centre and went through genetic testing from January 2021 to June 2022 were recruited retrospectively. Data collected include demographics, types of genetic allele mutations, GAA activity level, cardiomyopathy phenotypes, neurological examination, NYHA class, lung function test and creatinine kinase level. The information was then analysed with IBM SPSS Version 27.
Results
6 patients were positive for the GAA pseudodeficiency allele. Among those, 1 (16.7%) exhibited both c.1726G > A and c.2065G > A alleles while the other 5 (83.3%) had only c.2065G > A allele. The median age of our patient population was 46 years old and 66.7% were female. 33.3% of our patients displayed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype, 16.7% had transthyretin amyloid phenotype, 16.7% had hypertensive phenotype and 16.7% had Fabry phenotype. All of the patients had normal CK levels and GAA enzymatic activity. None of them demonstrated respiratory insufficiency or neurological manifestations attributable to Pompe Disease.
Conclusion
The GAA pseudo-deficiency allele in adult cardiomyopathy patients is benign. However, a longer prospective study is desired to ascertain its clinical significance.
The ecological role of Fraxinus for species diversity in floodplain forests
Authors: Floren Andreas , Horchler P. , Sprick P. , Müller Tobias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

To assess how different tree species contribute to overall diversity and system function, we sampled 99 trees by fogging in Elbe floodplain forests and collected 182,179 arthropods, of which 25,861 (14.2%) were beetles. Ninety percent of all beetle individuals and 65% of the beetle species were associated with the canopy. Beetles of the herb and soil layer contributed 35% to canopy richness, but represented only 8% of all individuals. Beetle communities differed significantly in diversity, structure and functional composition between tree species, suggesting different roles in maintaining diversity. Two types of communities could be distinguished: 1) those with high proportions of specialists that formed a predictable framework, characterised by high alpha diversity and low within-beta diversity such as those on Quercus robur and Ulmus laevis, and 2) those on Fraxinus excelsior with predominantly non-specific beetles, characterised by high alpha and high beta diversity. We found that the distribution of the most abundant zoophagous and second most abundant phytophagous guilds in the beetle- and ordinal communities was similar for all trees but differed significantly between tree species. This suggests strong top-down control of herbivore populations. These results indicate that a comprehensive assessment of tree canopy diversity is necessary and overdue to understand the ecological processes that ensure the functioning of forest ecosystems and the provision of ecological services.
Family Socioeconomic Status, Perceived Stress, and Sleep Quality Among First-Semester Junior middle school Freshmen: A Latent Growth Modeling Approach
Authors: Fu niuniu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study conducted short-term longitudinal tracking of 1352 first-semester junior middle school freshmen to understand how lower family socioeconomic status and higher perceived stress affect sleep quality during this "key transition" in schooling. The study used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale, Chinese Version of the Perceived Stress Scale, and Family Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire, along with a latent variable growth modeling approach, to explore the overall sleep quality development trajectory and its influencing factors for first-semester freshmen. The results showed that junior middle school first-semester freshmen's sleep quality scores in the transition period presented a linear downward trend, and perceived stress hindered the improvement of sleep quality during this period. Moreover, students with low family socioeconomic status experienced greater perceived stress and poorer sleep quality during the transition to junior middle school. These findings are help to understand the processes by which established risk factors, including lower family socioeconomic status and higher perceived stress, impact sleep quality development. Therefore, it is necessary to alleviate the perceived stress of students with lower family socioeconomic status, thereby improving sleep quality in early life and preventing sleep disorders in adulthood.
Analysis of the Current Status and Moderated Mediating Effect of Medication Beliefs, Medication Adherence, and Social Support Among Elderly Individuals with Polypharmacy in Rural Hangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Xinan , Yu Shiqi , Zhou Hongting , Huang Liebin , Zhu Xuejiao , Zhou Liping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to examine the prevailing level of medication adherence among elderly individuals residing in rural areas of Hangzhou, China, who experience polypharmacy. The objective is to analyze the factors influencing medication compliance and validate the moderated mediation model. Ultimately, the findings will serve as a valuable reference and foundation for enhancing medication adherence among the rural elderly population with polypharmacy.
Methods
A convenience sampling method was employed to survey 220 rural elderly patients with chronic diseases requiring multiple drug use across five administrative districts (counties) of Hangzhou. Data were collected through a general information questionnaire, a medication knowledge and attitude questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the MORISKY Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MMAS-8). A total of 240 questionnaires were distributed, and 220 valid responses were obtained.
Results
Among 220 community elderly patients with polypharmacy, 36 cases (16.4%) had good compliance, 50 cases (22.7%) had strong belief in taking medicine, 2 cases (0.9%) had high knowledge ability of taking medicine, and 91 cases (41.4%) had high social support ability. Results from the univariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations (P < 0.05) with age, education level, medication knowledge, medication belief, and social support. Social support capacity partially mediated the relationship between medication belief and medication adherence, accounting for 14.8% of the total effect (P < 0.001). Furthermore, education level moderated the effects of medication belief and social support capacity (P < 0.05), culminating in a moderated mediation model.
Conclusion
Greater attention should be devoted to polypharmacy among the elderly, particularly in rural areas. By implementing targeted interventions and comprehensive measures, personalized intervention programs should be refined, and policy guidance and implementation should be reinforced. Moreover, efforts to enhance the capabilities of family doctors and community nursing in rural areas are crucial to ensuring the long-term efficacy of health education, promoting optimal utilization of support, and improving medication utilization among the rural elderly population.