bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rotation of the Solar Radiative zone
Authors: Turck-Chieze S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDynamical processes are progressively introduced in stellar evolution. In this framework, the Sun is a very specific case where both models and observations have been developed in parallel during the last decade in order to progress on our present insight of solar like stars. In this poster I show the recent progress done on both sides for the rotation of the radiative zone. The present knowledge of the solar rotation profile comes from the detection of acoustic and gravity modes with the instruments GOLF and MDI aboard SoHO. In parallel we study the sensitivity of the theoretical rotation profiles obtained with the CESAM code using different rotation history in the premainsequence.
Mass loss and evolution of hot massive stars
Authors: Vink Jorick S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe discuss the role of mass loss for the evolution of the most massive stars, highlighting the role of the predicted bi-stability jump that might be relevant for the evolution of rotational velocities during or just after the main sequence. This mechanism is also proposed as an explanation for the mass-loss variations seen in the winds from Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs). These might be relevant for the quasi-sinusoidal modulations seen in a number of recent transitional supernovae (SNe), as well as for the double-throughed absorption profile recently discovered in the Hα line of SN 2005gj. Finally, we discuss the role of metallicity via the Z-dependent character of their winds, during both the initial and final (Wolf-Rayet) phases of evolution, with implications for the angular momentum evolution of the progenitor stars of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).
Stellar evolution models with mass loss and turbulence
Authors: Vick M. , Michaud G. , Richard O. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAlthough chemical separation is generally accepted as the main physical process responsible for the anomalous surface abundances of AmFm stars, its exact behavior within the interior of these stars is still uncertain. We will explore two hydrodynamical processes which could compete with atomic diffusion: mass loss and turbulence. We will also discuss the extent to which separation occurs immediately below the surface convection zone as well as the extent to which separation occurs below 200,000 K. To do so, self-consistent stellar models with mass loss and turbulence where calculated using the Montreal stellar evolution code and compared to observations of A and F stars. It is shown that to the precision of observations available for F stars, a mass loss rate of 2×10−14M⊙· yr−1, is compatible with observations and that no turbulence is then required.
The most massive AGB stars
Authors: Siess Lionel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe general properties of stars in the mass range 7–12M⊙, also referred to assuper-AGBstars, are reviewed and special attention is paid to determine how their mass range depends on the initial metallicity and what fraction of these stars end their life as ONe white dwarfs or explode as electron-capture supernova.
Around the Pair Instability Valley – Massive SN Progenitors
Authors: Waldman Roni 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe discovery of the extremely luminous supernova SN 2006gy, possibly interpreted as a pair instability supernova, renewed the interest in very massive stars. We explore the evolution of these objects, which end their life as pair instability supernovae or as core collapse supernovae with relatively massive iron cores, up to about 3 M⊙.
Stellar radii from long-baseline interferometry
Authors: Kervella Pierre 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLong baseline interferometers now measure the angular diameters of nearby stars with sub-percent accuracy. They can be translated in photospheric radii when the parallax is known, thus creating a novel and powerful constraint for stellar models. I present applications of interferometric radius measurements to the modeling of main sequence stars. Over the last few years, we obtained accurate measurements of the linear radius of many of the nearest stars: Procyon A, 61 Cyg A & B, α Cen A & B, Sirius A, Proxima. . . Firstly, I describe the example of our modeling of Procyon A (F5IV-V) with the CESAM code, constrained using spectrophotometry, the linear radius, and asteroseismic frequencies. I also present our recent results on the low-mass 61 Cyg system (K5V+K7V), for which asteroseismic frequencies have not been detected yet.
SONG – Stellar Observations Network Group
Authors: Grundahl Frank , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Kjeldsen H. , Frandsen S. , Arentoft T. , Kjaergaard P. , Jørgensen U. G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSeveral areas of stellar observations depend critically on nearly continuous observations of individual objects over very extended periods. Important examples are investigations of stellar oscillations to carry out asteroseismology, and the search for extra-solar planets. To meet this requirement we are establishing the SONG network, consisting of 8 sites with a 1-meter-class telescope with a suitable geographical distribution. These will be optimized for asteroseismology based on Doppler-velocity observations and the characterization of extra-solar planets with photometry, using gravitational microlensing. Funding has been obtained towards the construction of the prototype SONG telescope which will be set up on Tenerife, with first light expected in 2011. The full network will be established in parallel with the tests of the prototype and is planned to be operational in 2014.
Linkages within institutional structure: an empirical analysis of water institutions
Authors: SALETH R. MARIA , DINAR ARIEL 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTaking water institutions as an illustrative context, this paper attempts a quantitative analysis of the structural and functional linkages within institutional structure and indicates their performance implications and strategic importance for promoting institutional reforms. Against an overview of existing empirical works on institutions in general and water institutions in particular, the paper develops an analytical framework for specifying alternative models of institution–performance interaction within the water sector under different assumptions concerning institutional linkages and their structural properties. These models are, then, empirically estimated using the perception-based information provided by an international panel of 127 water experts from 43 countries and regions around the world. Based on the model results, the paper offers quantitative evidences for institutional linkages and their performance implications, and concludes by indicating their policy roles, especially in developing some reform design and implementation principles useful to overcome the technical and political economy constraints for institutional reforms.
Body Composition, Insulin Sensitivity, and Cardiovascular Disease Profile in Healthy Europeans
Authors: Boorsma Wiebe , Snijder Marieke B. , Nijpels Giel , Guidone Caterina , Favuzzi Angela M.R. , Mingrone Geltrude , Kostense Piet J. , Heine Robert J. , Dekker Jacqueline M. 
Published: October 2008

Objective: To assess whether insulin sensitivity can explain the associations of leg‐fat mass (LFM) and trunk‐fat mass (TFM) with the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile in healthy European men and women.Methods and Procedures: We studied 142 healthy men and women of a multicenter European study on insulin sensitivity, aged 30–60 years, from the centres in Hoorn, the Netherlands and Rome, Italy. Whole‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to determine fat and lean soft tissue mass in the trunk and legs. Fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid levels were measured. Insulin sensitivity (M/I‐ratio) was measured during a euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp. Associations between fat distribution and CVD risk factors were studied with linear regression analyses with adjustment for other body compartments, and subsequent adjustment for insulin sensitivity.Results: In men, larger LFM was significantly and independently associated with lower triglyceride levels (TGs) and higher high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P < 0.10) and tended to be associated also with lower low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lower fasting insulin levels. In women, larger LFM was associated with favorable values of all CVD risk factors, although the associations were not statistically significant. In both sexes, larger TFM was independently and significantly associated with unfavorable values of most CVD risk factors, and most associations did not markedly change after adjustment for insulin sensitivity.Discussion: In a relatively young and healthy European population, larger LFM is associated with a lower and TFM with a higher cardiovascular and metabolic risk, which can not be explained by insulin sensitivity.
Slow‐release oral morphine for maintenance treatment of opioid addicts intolerant to methadone or with inadequate withdrawal suppression
Authors: Kastelic Andrej , Dubajic Goran , Strbad Ervin 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTAims  Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of slow‐release oral morphine (SROM) in opioid addicts intolerant to methadone or with inadequate withdrawal suppression.Design  Prospective, open, non‐comparative multi‐centre study.Setting  Twelve out‐patient Centres for Prevention and Treatment of Drug Addiction in Slovenia.Participants  Male and female opioid addicts (age >18 years) under methadone maintenance therapy requiring a change of treatment in order to continue more effectively with maintenance.Interventions  Maintenance therapy with methadone was switched to once‐daily SROM.Measurements  Efficacy evaluations were based on the reduction of side effects and on the degree of suppression of opiate craving, signs and symptoms of withdrawal. In addition, self‐reported somatic and psychic symptoms (SCL‐27) as well as World Health Organization quality of life‐related (WHO QOL) parameters were monitored.Findings  Thirty‐nine subjects intolerant to methadone and 28 subjects showing inadequate withdrawal suppression under methadone ≥90 mg/day were included as two separate groups in the efficacy analyses. Treatment was switched easily from methadone to SROM on a 1 : 8 ratio. Four‐week SROM treatment resulted in significant reduction of side effects reported under methadone. Signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal as well as craving for opiates were improved significantly in patients with inadequate response to methadone. Physical and psychological wellbeing improved significantly under SROM treatment. SROM was tolerated very well.Conclusions  Maintenance treatment with SROM appears to be a clinically useful alternative treatment in subjects not tolerating methadone or with inadequate withdrawal suppression.
Persistence with oral naltrexone for alcohol treatment: implications for health‐care utilization
Authors: Kranzler Henry R. , Stephenson Judith J. , Montejano Leslie , Wang Shaohung , Gastfriend David R. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTAims  Concerns have been raised about patients' failure to persist in alcohol treatment. We examined prescriptions for oral naltrexone in a large, nationally distributed treatment population to identify characteristics and health‐care utilization patterns associated with persistence.Design  Data from the 2000–2004 MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database were used to identify patients with alcohol‐related claims who were prescribed naltrexone.Measurements  Analysis identified patient characteristics that predicted persistence with naltrexone (defined as having filled prescriptions for ≥80% of the 6‐month treatment period) and its association to health‐care utilization.Findings  Of 1138 patients, 162 (14.2%) were persistent in obtaining naltrexone. Non‐persistent patients were significantly younger, more likely to be hourly employees and to live in an area with a lower median income, and less likely to be newly diagnosed with an alcohol‐related disorder. Non‐persistence in obtaining naltrexone was associated with significantly more intensive treatments, including inpatient detoxification, emergency room visits and hospitalizations.Conclusions  Over a 6‐month period, 85.8% of patients who filled an initial prescription for naltrexone did not persist in obtaining the medication. Non‐persistence was associated with significantly greater use of costly health‐care services. Because the study was correlational, it is not possible to conclude that persistence reduced health‐care costs, as patients with a better prognosis may have been more persistent. Research is needed to determine whether interventions that enhance persistence with naltrexone therapy improve treatment outcomes and reduce health‐care costs.
Proinflammatory cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Rezaei N , Amirzargar A A , Shakiba Y , Mahmoudi M , Moradi B , Aghamohammadi A 
Published: October 2008

SummaryCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency diseases. Cytokine production could be affected in CVID patients, whereas its alteration could be due to genetic polymorphisms within coding and promoter regions of the cytokine genes. This study was performed to analyse the proinflammatory cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms in CVID. The allele and genotype frequencies of a number polymorphic genes coding tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-1R, IL-1RA and IL-6 were investigated and compared between two groups of CVID patients and controls. The IL-6 GA genotype at position nt565 was significantly over-represented in the patient group (P &lt; 0·001), while the IL-6 GG genotype at position −174 (P = 0·006) and the GG genotype at position nt565 (P &lt; 0·001) were significantly lower than controls. The TNF-α AG genotype at position −308 in the patient group was increased significantly in comparison with controls (P = 0·027), but the GG genotype at the same position was significantly decreased (P = 0·011). IL-6 CA and GA haplotypes were the most frequent haplotypes in the patients (P &lt; 0·005), whereas TNF-α GA (P = 0·002) and IL-6 GG (P &lt; 0·001) haplotypes were decreased significantly in the patients in comparison with controls. Cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms could have a role in pathophysiology of CVID. High production of TNF-α is expected in some CVID patients based on the frequency of genotypes/haplotypes of these cytokine gene polymorphisms.
Malnutrition alters the rates of apoptosis in splenocytes and thymocyte subpopulations of rats
Authors: Ortiz R , Cortés L , Cortés E , Medina H 
Published: October 2008

Summary
Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem throughout the developing world. Nutritional deficiencies may be the most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency states in humans. It has been suggested that nutritional imbalances can induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of severe malnutrition on cell subsets and the frequency of spontaneous and/or dexamethasone-induced cell death in vivo in the thymus and spleen from severely malnourished, lactating rats. Apoptosis frequency was estimated by flow cytometry using annexin-V and terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay assays. The results obtained in the present study indicate that malnutrition is associated with a significant increase of spontaneously apoptotic cells in the thymus (9·8-fold) and spleen (2·4-fold). Increase in apoptosis was associated largely with CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes. Unexpectedly, similar frequencies of spontaneous apoptosis of these cells were found in both well-nourished and malnourished rats. In contrast, consistent increases in the apoptosis of CD4-CD8- double-negative thymocytes were observed in malnourished rats. In addition, single-positive CD8+ and single-positive CD4+ thymocytes had higher frequencies of apoptosis in malnourished rats. The frequency of total dexamethasone-induced apoptosis was found to be similar in both groups of animals. Nevertheless, in malnourished dexamethasone-treated animals, the percentage of apoptotic double-negative thymocytes was significantly higher than in well-nourished animals, while the rate of apoptosis was lower among double-positive cells. In general, the thymus appears more sensitive to the effects of malnutrition and dexamethasone than the spleen. Furthermore, double-negative thymocytes appear to be the most affected.
Chronic sleep reduction, functioning at school and school achievement in preadolescents
Authors: MEIJER ANNE MARIE 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThis study investigates the relationship between chronic sleep reduction, functioning at school and school achievement of boys and girls. To establish individual consequences of chronic sleep reduction (tiredness, sleepiness, loss of energy and emotional instability) the Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire has been developed. A total of 436 children (210 boys, 214 girls, 2 missing; mean age = 11 years and 5 months) from the seventh and eight grades of 12 elementary schools participated in this study. The inter‐item reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.78) of the Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire were satisfactory. The construct validity of the questionnaire as measured by a confirmative factor analysis was acceptable as well (CMIN/DF = 1.49; CFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.034). Cronbach’s alpha’s of the scales measuring functioning at school (teacher’s influence, self‐image as pupil, and achievement motivation) were 0.69, 0.86 and 0.79. School achievement was based on self‐reported marks concerning six school subjects. To test the models concerning the relations of chronic sleep reduction, functioning at school, and school achievement, the covariance matrix of these variables were analysed by means of structural equation modelling. To test for differences between boys and girls a multi‐group model is used. The models representing the relations between chronic sleep reduction – school achievement and chronic sleep reduction – functioning at school – school achievement fitted the data quite well. The impact of chronic sleep reduction on school achievement and functioning at school appeared to be different for boys and girls. Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that chronic sleep reduction may affect school achievement directly and indirectly via functioning at school, with worse school marks as a consequence.
Sleep and sleep ecology in the first 3 years: a web‐based study
Authors: SADEH AVI , MINDELL JODI A. , LUEDTKE KATHRYN , WIEGAND BENJAMIN 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThis study was designed to provide data on sleep patterns during the first 3 years, based on a large US–Canada Internet sample, to assess the prevalence of parental interventions and related factors of infant sleep ecology and to evaluate the links between sleep ecology and sleep. Five thousand six parents completed a web‐based online questionnaire about their children, aged from birth to 36 months. The questionnaire included items pertaining to sleep patterns, sleep environment, sleep‐related parental interventions, sleep position, and demographic information. The results reflected clear sleep‐related developmental changes including a decrease in daytime sleep and total sleep time, as well as consolidation of sleep during the night, which was manifested in a decrease in night wakings and nocturnal wakefulness. Sleep ecology and parental behaviors significantly explained a portion of the variance in the child’s sleep patterns. Parental interventions that encourage independence and self‐soothing were associated with extended and more consolidated sleep, especially in comparison to more active interactions that were associated with shorter and more fragmented sleep. These findings provide parents and professionals reference data for assessing sleep in young children. Furthermore, the results provide information on specific ecological factors that are associated with increased risk for sleep problems.
Live‐cell imaging of viral RNA genomes using a Pumilio‐based reporter
Authors: Tilsner Jens , Linnik Olga , Christensen Nynne M. , Bell Karen , Roberts Ian M. , Lacomme Christophe , Oparka Karl J. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryWe describe a method for localizing plant viral RNAs in vivo using Pumilio, an RNA‐binding protein, coupled to bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Two Pumilio homology domain (PUMHD) polypeptides, fused to either the N‐ or C‐terminal halves of split mCitrine, were engineered to recognize two closely adjacent eight‐nucleotide sequences in the genomic RNA of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Binding of the PUMHDs to their target sites brought the split mCitrine halves into close proximity, allowing BiFC to occur and revealing the localization of viral RNA within infected cells. The bulk of the RNA was sequestered in characteristic inclusion bodies known as viral replication complexes (VRCs), with a second population of RNA localized in discrete particles distributed throughout the peripheral cytoplasm. Transfer of the TMV Pumilio recognition sequences into the genome of potato virus X (PVX) allowed the PVX RNA to be localized. Unlike TMV, the PVX RNA was concentrated in distinctive ‘whorls’ within the VRC. Optical sectioning of the PVX VRCs revealed that one of the viral movement proteins was localized to the centres of the RNA whorls, demonstrating significant partitioning of viral RNA and proteins within the VRC. The utility of Pumilio as a fluorescence‐based reporter for viral RNA is discussed.
A cell‐free system for light‐dependent nuclear import of phytochrome
Authors: Pfeiffer Anne , Kunkel Tim , Hiltbrunner Andreas , Neuhaus Gunther , Wolf Iris , Speth Volker , Adam Eva , Nagy Ferenc , Schäfer Eberhard 
Published: October 2008

SummaryTranslocation from the cytosol to the nucleus is an essential step in phytochrome (phy) signal transduction. In the case of phytochrome A (phyA), this step occurs with the help of FHY1 (far‐red‐elongated hypocotyl 1), a specific transport protein. To investigate the components involved in phyA transport, we used a cell‐free system that facilitates the controlled addition of transport factors. For this purpose, we isolated nuclei from the unicellular green algae Acetabularia acetabulum. These nuclei are up to 100 μm in diameter and allow easy detection of imported proteins. Experiments with isolated nuclei of Acetabularia showed that FHY1 is sufficient for phyA transport. The reconstituted system demonstrates all the characteristics of phytochrome transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, FHY1 was also actively exported from the nucleus, consistent with its role as a shuttle protein in plants. Therefore, we believe that isolated Acetabularia nuclei may be used as a general tool to study nuclear transport of plant proteins.