bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of position‐specific tritium‐labeled 20(S)‐camptothecin, 9‐amino‐20(S)‐camptothecin, and 10,11‐methylenedioxy‐20(S)‐camptothecin
Authors: Nicholas Allan W. , Wani Mansukh C. , Wall Monroe E. , Kepler John A. , Taylor George F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis is given for three ring A tritiated camptothecin (CPT) analogs as biological probes in the study of the parent compounds which are of current widespread interest as potent anticancer agents. The strategy of catalytic tritolysis of aryl halide bonds was employed, and thus the preparations of the requisite precursors 9‐chloro‐20(S)‐CPT (9), 9‐amino‐10,12‐dibromo‐20(S)‐CPT (14), and 9‐chloro‐10,11‐methylenedioxy‐20(S)‐CPT (18) are given; catalytic tritiation of these respective precursors under polar, alkaline solvent conditions using palladium/carbon provides smooth conversion to [9‐3H]‐20(S)‐CPT (10), 9‐amino‐[10,12‐3H]‐20(S)‐CPT (15), and [9‐3H]‐10,11‐methylenedioxy‐20(S)‐CPT (19).
Synthesis of [11C] platelet‐activating factor (PAF) analogs for in vivo imaging of PAF receptors
Authors: Sasaki T. , Karasawa K. , Ishiwata K. , Satoh N. , Ishii S. , Ogawa K. , Nozaki T. , Setaka M. , Nojima S. , Senda M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract1‐O‐Hexadecyl‐2‐O‐N, N‐dimethylcarbamoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine[choline methyl‐11C] ([11C]dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF) and 1‐O‐Hexadecyl‐2‐O‐acetyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine[choline methyl‐11C] ([11C]C16‐PAF) were synthesized as follows; Each of non‐labeled dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF and C16‐PAF was treated with sodium benzene thiolate to derive their desmethyl‐precursors containing a dimethylphosphoethanolamine at sn‐3. 11C‐Labeled dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF and C16‐PAF were synthesized by methylation of the respective desmethyl‐precursors using [11C]CH3I. The radiochemical yield of methylation in [11C]dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF and [11C]C16‐PAF was about 15 and 10% (decay corrected), respectively. The lower yield of [11C]C16‐PAF compared with that of [11C]dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF was attributed to hydrolysis of the 2‐acetyl group of [11C]C16‐PAF during methylation. To study the stability to enzymatic hydrolysis, [11C]dimethylcarbamoyl‐PAF or [11C]C16‐PAF was incubated with mouse plasma at 37 °C.
Synthesis of [3H]cyfluthrin
Authors: Pleiß Ulrich , Römer Johannes , Thomas Rudolf 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor the elucidation of the distribution and biotransformation of Cyfluthrin in tse‐tse flies the tritium‐labelled compound was needed. A brominated precursor was dehalogenated with tritium gas using a special noble metal catalyst to give the desired [3H]Cyfluthrin. The labelling position was confirmed by 3H‐NMR spectroscopy. After synthesis and purification, the [3H]Cyfluthrin obtained showed a specific activity of 23.7 Ci/ mmol (877 GBq/mmol).
Synthesis and labelling characteristics of 99mTc‐mercaptoacetyltripeptides
Authors: Bormans G. , Cleynhens B. , Adriaens P. , de Roo M. , Verbruggen A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA number of derivatives of mercaptoacetyltriglycine in which one or more of the three glycylmoieties are replaced by other amino acids such as D‐ or L‐alanine, D‐serine, D‐2‐aminobutyric acid, D‐valine or D‐phenylglycine have been synthesized and labelled with technetium‐99m.Labelling with technetium yielded in each a mixture of mainly two radioactive species, which probably are diastereomeric oxotechnetium (V) complexes originating from the presence of a chiral carbon atom in the ligands. The diastereomers were separated by reversed phase HPLC. Except for the serine derivative, all radiolabelled derivatives have a longer retention time than the parent compound 99mTc‐MAG3. The relative amount of the two diastereomers formed upon labelling is dependent on the nature of the ligand but can be influenced to a limited extent by the pH of the exchange labelling mixture.
Marquage PAR 14C et 13C du terbutylanilino‐4 chloroethyluree
Authors: Azim M. , Madelmont J. C. , Cussac C. , Rapp M. , Maurizis J. C. , G.‐Gaudreault R. , Godeneche D. , Veyre A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLe 2‐chloroethy isocyanate a été marqué par 14C ou 13C sur le groupe carbonyl à partir de l'acide 3‐chloropropionique 14C ou 13C afin de réaliser le marquage du 4‐terbutyl [3‐(2‐chloroethyl ureido] benzene).
Synthesis of the anti‐tumor agent CI‐973 {[SP‐4‐3‐(R)]‐[1,1‐cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2)](2‐methyl‐1,4‐[4‐14C]butanediamine‐N,N′)platinum}
Authors: Ekhato I. Victor , Hoeschele James D. , Huang Che C. , Nanavaty Bela , Lee Helen T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStarting from the chiral compound 1, (R)‐(+)‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐[14C]butanediamine 7 was synthesized in a sequence of reactions in which 14C‐label was introduce using label potassium cyanide. Compound 7 was reacted with potassium tetraiodoplatinate and silver 1,1‐cyclobutanedicarboxylate to make the title compound {[SP‐4‐3‐(R)]‐[1,1‐cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2)](2‐methyl‐1,4‐butanediamine‐N,N′)platinum} 11.
Synthese d'un telomere perfluorocarbone derive du tris‐(hydroxymethyl) 14C et 13C‐acrylamidomethane (F‐TAC)
Authors: Azim M. , Madelmont J. C. , Rapp M. , Maurizis J. C. , Pavia A. , Pucci B. , Veyre A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLe télomère perfluoré F5TAC5 a été marqué par 14C et 13C sur le groupe carbonyle à partir de l'acide acrylique 14C. La synthèse est réalisée en cinq étapes à partir de BaCO3 comme précurseur. Le rendement de marquage calculé par rapport au précurseur (Ba14CO2 ou 13CO3) est de l'ordre de 25 à 30%.
Synthesis of [21‐13C]‐cholesterol
Authors: Caballero Gerardo M. , Gros Eduardo G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of [21‐13C]‐cholesterol (5) from 3β‐O‐(t‐butyldimethylsilyl)‐17β‐cyano‐androst‐5‐ene (1) is described. Labelled carbon‐atom was introduced by Grignard reaction of nitrile derivative with [13C]‐methylmagnesium iodide. Location of label was confirmed by 13C‐NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of [N‐C3H3]‐trans‐(1R,3S)‐(−)‐1‐Phenyl‐3‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene (H2‐PAT)
Authors: Wyrick Steven D. , Myers Andrew M. , Booth Raymond G. , Kula Nora S. , Baldessarini Ross J. , Mailman Richard B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSubsequent to the discovery that the (+)‐benzomorphan sigma receptor ligands, (+)‐pentazocine and (+)‐N‐allylnormetazocine, stimulated tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine synthesis in rat striatum in vitro, we reported a similar effect on a structurally similar series of 1‐phenyl‐3‐aminotetrahydronaphthalenes (phenylaminotetralins, PAT's). Both racemic 1‐phenyl‐3‐dimethylamino‐6‐chloro‐7‐hydroxytetralin (CI,OH‐PAT) and racemic 1‐phenyl‐3‐dimethylaminotetralin (H2‐PAT) stimulated tyrosine hydroxylase with an EC50 of approximately 0.1 μM. The former was also found to have a non‐specific dopamine releasing effect while the latter was devoid of such activity affording it the less complicated pharmacological profile of the two analogs. We previously reported the synthesis of tritium labeled Cl,OH‐PAT to be used in radioreceptor and autoradiography studies and found that it labeled a sigma‐like site in guinea pig brain with an apparent Kd of ∼50 pM and with a pharmacological profile unique from other known CNS receptors. Here we report the synthesis of high specific activity tritium labeled trans‐(1R,3S)‐(−)‐H2‐PAT as this enantiomer was found to be more active in the tyrosine hydroxylase assay and possessed approximately 45 fold greater affinity for the novel neuromodulatory sigma‐like receptor.
Synthesis of 8‐[18O]hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine
Authors: Hermanns R. C. A. , Zomer G. , Jacquemijns M. , Stavenuiter J. F. C. , Westra J. G. , Teixeira A. J. R. , Van De Werken G. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract8‐[18O]Hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine was synthesized starting from 8‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine and the sodium salt of [18O]benzyl alcohol, resulting in the intermediate 8‐[18O]benzyloxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. Subsequent reduction by catalytic transfer hydrogenation, yielded the desired product 8‐[18O]hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine.8‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine was synthesized from 2′‐deoxyguanosine by treatment with Br2. The sodium salt of [18O]benzyl alcohol was prepared by treatment of ethyl benzimidate hydrochloride with H218O (95%), LiAlH4 and sodium hydride. Starting from H218O the overall yield of 8‐[18O]hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine was approximately 4%. The isotopic purity was calculated to be 93.4 atom% based on GC‐MS measurements. The chemical purity and the isotopic purity comply with the planned application, namely as internal standard for the determination of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine by GC‐MS.
Synthesis of sodium 6‐isopropyl‐3‐[4‐(P‐chlorobenzenesulfonylamino)‐butyl]‐[2‐14C]azulene‐1‐sulfonate
Authors: Yanagisawa Takashi , Yokota Masayuki , Tomiyama Tsuyoshi , Ikegami Shiro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSodium 6‐isopropyl‐3‐[4‐(p‐chlorobenzenesulfonylamino)‐butyl]azulene‐l‐sulfonate (KT2‐962)1, which has been found to be a potent and selective thromboxaneA2receptor antagonist, was synthesized in14C‐labelled form by using potassium [14C]‐cyanide.14C‐labelled1with a specific activity of 2.36 GBq/mmol was prepared with no‐carrier‐added and in nine steps in 64% overall radiochemical yield.
Synthesis of bisaramil labelled with carbon‐14 and deuterium
Authors: Szammer J. , Simon‐Trompler E. , Mlinko S. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract[6,8‐14C2]‐Bisaramil: 3‐methyl‐7‐ethyl‐9α‐(4‐chlorobenzoyloxy)‐3,7‐diazabicyclo/3.3.1./nonane‐[6,8‐14C2] monohydrochloride and [7‐N‐D5‐ethyl]‐Bisaramil: 3‐methyl‐7‐[D5‐ethyl]‐9α‐(4‐chlorobenzoyloxy)‐3,7‐diazabicyclo/3.3.1./nonane monohydrochloride were synthesized in four steps from 14CO2 (6% overall yield) and in six steps from [D6]‐ethanol (4% overall yield), respectively.
99m‐technetium labelling of a tumor associated murine monoclonal antibody for immunoscintigraphic studies in man
Authors: Archimandritis Spyridon C. , Malamitsi Julia , Belkas Elias , Varvarigou Alexandra D. , Cotsyfakis Kyriakos , Sivolapenko Gregory , Zorzos John , Skarlos Demosthenes V. , Proukakis Charalambos 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe present study refers to the preparation of a 99m‐Technetium labelled murine monoclonal antibody for clinical application. The monoclonal antibody was incubated with a 20fold molar excess of 2‐iminothiolane. The free thiol groups created, were capable of binding reduced technetium. Labelling took place through an exchange reaction with 99m‐Technetium‐Glucoheptonate. The labelling conditions were studied extensively. Diverse chromatographic methods (ITLC, HPLC) were developed in order to study the radiochemical behaviour of the labelled antibody and evaluate the labelling efficiency and the in vitro stability. Results on the labelling technique and on the quality control methods are presented, as well as preliminary immunoscintigraphic data.
In vivo pharmacokinetics of [14C]‐etanidazole
Authors: Breccia Alberto , Gattavecchia Enrico , Feroci Giorgio , Fini Adamo , Busutti Luciano 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEtanidazole, like other nitroaromatic radio sensitizers, displays its biological activity mostly through two molecular groups: the nitro group and the side‐chain attached to the nitrogen in the imidazole ring in position 1.To monitor the behaviour of the two moieties in vivo, labelled Etanidazole, containing a 14C atom in position 2 of the side‐chain was prepared and administered to four patients at a 2 gm−2 dose: the concentration of Etanidazole in different fluids and tissues was followed either by titrating the NO2 group by polarography or determining the total radioactivity, carried by the side‐chain. Two different profiles of Etanidazole concentration were found, in blood and urine, as determined by the two methods. The concentration was found to be higher when measured as total radioactivity than when measured by polarography; this difference was greater in blood (49%) than in urine (27%). Since the two methods involve determination of different portions of the Etanidazole molecule, we hypothesized a degradation of the drug to explain these differences.
Synthesis of [2,4‐3H] 17β‐dihydroequilin sulfate
Authors: Bhavnani Bhagu R. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract[2,4‐3H] 17β‐dihydroequilin‐3‐sulfate ammonium salt suitable for in vivo pharmacokinetic studies was synthesized from [2,4‐3H] equillin. Sulfation of [2,4‐3H] equillin with pyridine‐chiorosulfonic acid mixture gave in high yields [2,4‐3H] equilin sulfate, which was then reduced with sodium borohydride to yield [2,4‐3H] 17β‐dihydroequilin sulfate. The reduction was sterospecific and no 17α‐reduced products were formed.
Synthesis of [19‐11C]arachidonic acid
Authors: Kihlberg Tor , Långström Bengt 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe preparation of (all Z)‐1,17‐dichloro‐4,7,10,13‐heptadecatetraene is reported. The synthesis was performed in five steps with a total yield of 22 %, starting from 5‐chloro‐1‐pentyne. The corresponding bis Grignard reagent was used in a copper‐mediated coupling reaction with [1‐11C]ethyl iodide followed by a carbonation with CO2 to afford [19‐11C]arachidonic acid in 23 % decay corrected radiochemical yield within 52 min. The radiochemical purity of the final product was 98 %. In a typical run starting with 20 GBq [11C]O2, 760 MBq of [19‐11C]arachidonic acid was obtained, with a specific activity of 1.6 GBq/μmol.
Preparation of high molecular weight radioiodinated alginic acid
Authors: Orlando P. , Binaglia L. , De Feo A. , Trevisi R. , Melodia C. , Trenta R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA simple procedure is described for preparing125I‐labelled alginic acid. The reducing terminal of alginic acid is derivatized with tyramine through the formation of Schiff base which is subsequently reduced with sodium cyanoborohydride. By radioiodination of the aromatic ring introduced,125I‐labelled alginic acid was obtained with high specific activity.
Synthesis of 2‐methyl‐2‐[[(7‐methyl‐7H‐benzo[c]carbazol‐10‐yl)[14C]methyl[amino]‐1,3‐propanediol mesylate — a potential antitumor agent
Authors: Hill John A. , Eaddy John F. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract2‐Methyl‐2‐[[(7‐methyl‐7H‐benzo[c]carbazol‐10‐yl)methyl]amino]‐1,3‐propanediol (1, 7U85) was synthesized as the mesylate salt in the [14C]‐labelled form with specific activity 48.4 mCi/mmol suitable for metabolism and tissue distribution studies in animals The synthetic sequence involved the regiospecific synthesis of a bromobenzo[c]carbazole by a modified Fischer indole synthesis, formylation by a Bouveault reaction, and reductive amination. The radiochemical purity was > 97.3%.
212Pb/212Bi‐EDTMP — synthesis and biodistribution of a novel bone seeking alpha‐emitting radiopharmaceutical
Authors: Hassfjell Sindre P. , Hoff Per , Bruland Øyvind S. , Alstad Jorolf 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAt present, haematological toxicity is dose limiting in radionuclide therapy of bone metastases, and there is a need for radiopharmaceuticals with improved tumour/bone marrow dose ratios. Therefore, α‐emitters e.g. 212Bi may be more suitable than β‐emitters, because of the short range and high LET values of α‐particles. In this study, 212Bi and its mother nuclide 212Pb were produced in an isotope generator by collecting gaseous 220Rn emanating from barium (228Th) stearate. The carrier‐free 212Pb/212Bi were bound to the chelating bone‐seeking compound ethylene‐diamine‐tetra(methylene‐phosphonic acid) (EDTMP) with 90% yield. The biodistribution in Balb/c mice was investigated by injecting 100 μl of a saline PBS buffer 0.020 M in EDTMP and 10 MBq/ml in 212Pb/212Bi. Mice were killed in groups of three at 0.5, 2, 13 and 24 h post‐injection times. Both 212Pb‐EDTMP and 212Bi‐EDTMP localised strongly in the skeleton, especially in the femur, at all time points measured, with the % of injected dose per gram (%ID/g) as high as 15 for 212Pb and 13 for 212Bi. All other organs investigated showed low uptake of both radionuclides, with the exception of the kidneys, for which a ratio femur/kidney of 1.5 for 212Bi 2 h postinjection was observed. By comparison the ratio femur/blood was 20 for 212Bi 2 h postinjection. The experiment indicates a potential for 212Pb/Bi‐EDTMP in targeted radiotherapy of osteoblastic bone lesions.
Synthesis and X‐ray structure determination of N,N′‐bis‐l‐(1‐carboxy‐2‐mercaptoethyl)ethylenediamine, oxotechnetium (V), [TcO(EC)]
Authors: Pirmettis I. , Mastrostamatis S. , Papadopoulos M. , Raptopoulou C. P. , Terzis A. , Chiotellis E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe complex of N,N′‐bis‐1‐(carboxy‐2‐mercaptoethyl)ethylene‐diamine (EC) labelled with reduced Tc‐99m was proposed as a new agent in renal tubular secretion studies. Here we present the synthesis and single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination of the N,N′‐bis‐1‐(1‐carboxy‐2‐mercaptoethyl)ethylene‐diamine oxotechnetium(V) complex, [99TcO (EC)]. Crystals are orthoro‐bic, space group P212121, with a=19.570(1), b=10.080 (1), c=6.300 (1)A, Z=4 and R=0.0294. The technetium is hexacoordinated being bonded to oxygen (1.657(3)A), the two N atoms and the two deprotonated S atoms. The sixth site, trans to the oxo‐group is occupied by one deprotonated carboxylate group. The infrared spectra is also presented.
The syntheses of radiolabelled org 5222 and its main metabolite org 30526
Authors: Vader Jan , Kaspersen Frans , Sperling Eric , Schlachter Irene , Terpstra Annie , Hilberink Peter , Wagenaars Gerard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe syntheses of trans‐5‐chloro‐2, 3, 3a‐12b‐tetrahydro‐2‐methyl‐1H‐dibenz [2, 3:6, 7] oxepino [4, 5‐c]pyrrole (Org 5222), a potential antipsychotic compound, labelled with 3H, 14C and 36C1 and trans‐5‐chloro‐2, 3, 3a, 12b‐tetrahydro‐1H‐dibenz [2, 3:6, 7]‐oxepino [4, 5‐c] pyrrole (Org 30526) labelled with 3H are described. 3H‐labelled Org 5222 of low specific activity was prepared by a base catalyzed exchange with tritiated water of an amide precursor, 3H‐labelled Org 5222 with a high specific activity by a catalytic reductive dehalogenation. 3H‐labelled Org 30526 was prepared both by demethylation of 3H‐Org 5222 and by catalytic reductive iodination of 11‐iodo‐Org 30526. 14C‐labelled Org 5222 was synthesized in 6 steps using 14C‐sarcosine as starting material. 36C1‐labelled Org 5222 was prepared by diazotation reaction in the presence of H36C1.
Labelled compounds of interest as antitumour agents. Part 41. Deuteration and tritiation of a nitroimidazole‐carborane designed for BNCT
Authors: Scobie Martin , Bew Sean P. , Threadgill Michael D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractQuenching the anion generated from a 2‐(ω‐carboranylalkyl)dithiane with 2H2O at −78°C and at 0°C introduced deuterium exclusively at C‐2 of the carborane. Extension of this model reaction to a bioreductively‐targetted carborane allowed the synthesis of 2‐[2H]‐ and 2‐[3H]‐isotopomers of a nitroimidazole‐carborane which is of interest in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of cancer.
The synthesis of (−)‐4‐methyl‐8‐chloro‐trans‐1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b‐octahydrobenzo‐[f]‐quinolin‐3‐one‐[3‐14C] (LY300502‐14C]) via a circuitous route
Authors: Kuo Fengjiun , Wheeler William J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of the C‐14 labeled isotopomer of LY300502, a potent 5α‐reductase inhibitor has been accomplished in four radiochemical steps. The route involves the synthesis of LY300502‐[14C] from LY300502 via a circuitous route; the label was introduced with ethyl chloroformate‐[carbonyl‐14C].
A single‐mode microwave cavity for reducing radiolabelling reaction times, demonstrated by alkylations with [11C]alkyl halides
Authors: Stone‐Elander Sharon A. , Elander Nils , Thorell Jan‐Olov , Solås Gunnar , Svennebrink Jan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA single‐mode microwave cavity was constructed for microscale reactions with consideration taken to the space limitations typical for shielded working spaces used with positron emitting radionuclides. The effect of the microwave field in this cavity on typical reaction media is demonstrated. Reaction times for radiolabelling neuroreceptor ligands with [11C]methyl iodide and [2‐11C]isopropyl iodide were shown to be considerably reduced compared with the times reported in the literature for the corresponding thermal procedures.
Synthesis of carbon‐14 labeled Taxol® (paclitaxel)
Authors: Walker Donald G. , Swigor John E. , Kant Joydeep , Schroeder Daniel R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractReductive cleavage of the C13 side chain of Taxol® (1, paclitaxel) followed by regioselective silylation gave 7‐triethylsilylbaccatin III (4). 3‐O‐Triethylsilylation of 5 and subsequent reaction with benzoyl chloride‐C7‐14C gave azetidinone 7. Coupling of 4 and 7 followed by deprotection gave 1.26 g of Taxol®‐N3′‐14C (11) having a specific activity of 26.5 mCi/mmol and a radiochemical purity of 95%.
Labelling of benzocaina with tritium
Authors: Malik Sohail 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA convenient method is described to label a local anesthetic, benzocaine, with tritium. The bromoester of para — aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was prepared from para‐nitrotoluene and was reduced with tritium. The generation of isotopic hydrogen and labelling of benzocaine was achieved in one‐step. A mixture of sodium borohydride (NaB3H4) with cobalt (II) chloride was used to generate tritium gas. 5% Pd/C was used as a catalyst. This constitutes the first report of tritium labelled benzocaine.
Synthesis of racemic [methyl‐d3]‐iabeled cis‐ and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine
Authors: Ravard Alain , Crooks Peter A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA method is described for the synthesis of the racemic [methyl‐d3] forms of the nicotine metabolites cis‐3′‐hydroxycotinine and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine. The key intermediate was [methyl‐d3]‐N‐methylhydroxylamine, obtained from a selective hydrogenation of d3‐nitro‐methane. This intermediate was converted to [methyl‐d3]‐α‐3‐pyridyl‐N‐methylnitrone, which was condensed with methyl acrylate to give a mixture of isomeric isoxazolidines. The hydrogenolysis of this mixture afforded a 70:30 mixture of [methyl‐d3] cis‐ and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, from which the pure cis‐ isomer could be isolated by recrystallization from acetone. [Methyl‐d3]‐trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine could be prepared in high yield from the cis‐isomer via chiral inversion utilizing a Mitsunobu reaction, or by chromatographic separation from a mixture of the cis‐ and trans‐3′‐benzoyloxycotinine, followed by O‐debenzoylation in methanolic NaOH.
The synthesis of perdeuterated azone (d35‐1‐dodecylhexahydro‐2H‐azepin‐2‐one)
Authors: Groundwater Paul W. , Hadgraft Jonathan , Harrison Julian E. , Watkinson Adam C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPerdeuteroazone (3) has been synthesised via the base‐catalysed coupling of d11‐hexahydro‐2H‐azepin‐2‐one (2) with d25‐1‐chlorododecane.
Synthesis of [2H13]heptanoic acid via the desulfurization of methyl 3‐chloro‐5,6‐dibromothieno[3,2,b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate with nickel‐aluminium alloy in NaOD‐D2O solution
Authors: Tsuzuki Hirohisa , Mukumoto Mamoru , Tsukinoki Takehito , Mataka Shuntaro , Tashiro Masashi , Yonemitsu Tadashi , Nagano Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2006

Abstract[2H13]Heptanoic acid was synthesized as its methyl ester (4) (deuterium content: 96%) with Ni‐Al alloy in 10% NaOD‐D2O via the desulfurization of methyl 3‐chloro‐5,6‐dibromothieno[3,2,b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate (3), which was derived from 4,5‐dibromothiophene‐2‐carboaldehyde (1) in two steps.
Synthesis of [U‐14C]Arg labelled decapeptide cetrorelix, a novel lutenizing hormone — releasing hormone antagonist
Authors: Locher Mathias , Johnston James , Müller Thomas , Borbe Harald O. , Kutscher Bernhard , Engel Jürgen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe decapeptide cetrorelix is a novel luteinizing hormone — releasing hormone (LH‐RH) antagonist. For nonclinical studies concerning absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) in animals the [14C]‐lebelled compound is essential. Therefore, [U‐14C]Arg cetrorelix acetate salt was synthesized by Amersham International, Buckinghamshire (England) from precursor peptides provided by Degussa AG, Hanau‐Wolfgang (Germany). [U‐14C]Arg labelled cetrorelix peptide base has a specific activity of 8.13 MBq/mg (220 μCi/mg) and a molecular weight of 1442.6 g/mol at this specific activity. The chemical and radiochemical purity (92.2 % decapeptide content and 97.6%, respectively) determined by HPLC is suitable for nonclinical investigations.