bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in heparin‐released lipolytic activity in the superficial and deep veins of the human forearm
Authors: HEAF D. J. , KAIJSER L. , EKLUND B. , CARLSON L. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Various doses of heparin were given as a single injection into the brachial artery of each of twelve fasting healthy males. Plasma lipolytic activity was measured in samples obtained before and at frequent time intervals after heparin injection, in the artery and the deep and superficial veins of the same forearm.As little as 0.15 U heparin produced a rapid and detectable relase of lipolytic activity in both deep and superficial veins. A series of tenfold increases in the dose produced correspondingly greater releases in the veins but the increments in the release were smaller than the increments in the dose. Three repeated 15 U doses of heparin, separated by 30 min, in the same subject gave a high degree of reproducibility of the release of lipolytic activity in both deep and superficial veins. 90% of the lipase activity in the vein was inhibited by 1 M NaCl.In all subjects the release of lipolytic activity was higher in the deep vein, which predominantly drains muscle, than in the superficial vein, which drains mostly subcutaneous tissues such as skin and adipose tissue. This indicates that muscle is a tissue of considerable importance as a source of post heparin plasma lipolytic activity.
Studies on the catecholamine resistance in fat cells from patients with phaeochromocytoma
Authors: SMITH U. , SJÖSTRÖM L. , STENSTRÖM G. , ISAKSSON O. , JACOBSSON B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In order to elucidate the mechanism for cate‐cholamine‐resistance, known to occur after prolonged administration, adipose tissue specimens were obtained from ten patients with phaeochromocytoma. The specimens were preincubated for different periods of time, and then incubated with noradrenaline in vitro.After excision the fat cells were resistant to noradrenaline and a concentration that would have been supramaximal in normal fat cells was required to elicit a significant lipolytic response. In contrast to fat cells from control patients, the cellular levels of cAMP did not increase in response to noradrenaline. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity was 4–5 times higher in the specimens from the patients with phaeochromocytoma than in the control tissues. The presence of high PDE activity in these fat cells was also suggested by the fact that exceedingly high theophylline concentrations were required to elicit a lipolytic effect.After extending the preincubation period in fresh medium, the tissue sensitivity to catecholamines was largely restored. Simultaneously, the PDE activity declined about 50% (but was still higher than in the control tissues) and the levels of cAMP tended to increase in response to noradrenaline. Thus, the data suggest that one important mechanism for the catecholamine‐resistance in this state is the presence of high PDE activity.Prolonged stimulation of fat cells with noradrenaline in vitro leads to catecholamine‐resistance which, at least partly, may be due to the formation of a hormone antagonist which also leaks out into the surrounding medium. Taken together with the present data it seems that at least two mechanisms may influence the cellular sensitivity to catecholamines: (a) the formation of a hormone antagonist; and (b) an adaptive increase in PDE activity.
Quantitation of thrombin‐antithrombin III complexes in human blood
Authors: COLLEN D. , COCK F. DE , VERSTRAETE M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Human thrombin‐antithrombin III complex was generated in defibrinated plasma by activation of the intrinsic coagulation system and isolated using affinity chromatography on insolubilized heparin and gel filtration. The resulting material probably contained factor Xa‐antithrombin III and factor IXa‐antithrombin III as well, although no specific identification of these complexes was made. An antiserum was raised, in rabbits, against this complex and rendered specific for neoantigens by absorption with fresh human plasma in the presence of inhibitors (heparin and p‐nitrophenyl‐p'‐guanidinoben‐zoate). Further purification of the ‘specific’ antibodies was achieved by immunoabsorption on the insolubilized complex. Polystyrene particles were coated with the resultant antisera and used in an agglutination test for the determination of thrombin‐antithrombin III complexes in the plasma of healthy subjects and various patients.Purified thrombin‐antithrombin III complex at a concentration of 0.3‐0.6 μ/ml caused a distinct agglutination of the particles, whereas purified prothrombin and antithrombin III at concentrations of 250 μg/ml did not. Coagulation of human blood resulted in a progressive generation of agglutinating activity in the serum, reaching a maximum titre of 1/320 to 1/640. Sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis also agglutinated the particles but this activity would be removed by absorbing the rheumatoid factor on insolubilized human IgG.The thrombin‐antithrombin III titre in 95% of plasma samples from fifty‐six male and thirty‐two female healthy subjects was less than or equal to 1/8. In nine patients with overt signs of intravascular coagulation of various origin, the thrombin‐antithrombin III titres varied from 1/30 to 1/120. It is concluded that in vivo activation of the coagulation system is associated with the appearance of circulating thrombin‐antithrombin III complexes which can be directly assayed in plasma on the basis of their neoantigenic expression.
Body composition and adipose tissue cellularity before and after jejuno‐ileostomy in severely obese subjects
Authors: KRAL J. G. , BJÖRNTORP P. , SCHERSTÉN T. , SJÖSTRÖM L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In severe obesity with adipose tissue hyperplasia it is difficult to achieve and sustain weight decrease by conventional therapy. Fifteen severely obese patients (mean body weight 135 kg) with hyperplastic obesity had a jejuno‐ileostomy according to Payne to induce weight reduction by controlled malabsorption. Body composition, adipose tissue cellularity, and glucose tolerance were studied before and after the operation when the patients had reached a new stable weight (WS) a mean 21 months after surgery.Preoperative fat cell number was unchanged at follow‐up, in contrast to all other variables of body composition. Reductions in fat cell size were evenly distributed in different major subcutaneous regions. Body potassium was determined immediately after operation and at 6 months intervals until WS. The postoperative decrease stopped at 6 months, thus differing from the decrease in body weight.Significant positive correlations between the postoperative decrease in body weight or body fat, and preoperative body weight, body fat and body cell mass were analysed by multiple stepwise regression. Preoperative body weight and body fat were shown to predict postoperative weight loss at a level of P 0.005. A positive correlation between body fat decrease and fat cell number could be explained hypothetically by an increased caloric demand in hyperplastic obesity.
Relationship among the concentrations of serum lipoproteins and changes in their chemical composition in patients with untreated nephrotic syndrome
Authors: GHERARDI E. , ROTA E. , CALANDRA S. , GENOVA R. , TAMBORINO A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The quantitative and qualitative changes of serum lipoproteins have been studied in twelve patients with untreated uncomplicated nephrotic syndrome. The lipoprotein disorders found in these patients were characterized by an elevation of VLDL (d < 1.006 g ml‐1), LDL (d 1.006–1.019 g ml‐1) and LDL2 (d 1.019–1.063 g ml‐1) and a diminution of HDL2 (d 1.063–1.125 g ml‐1). These changes were strictly correlated with the concentration of serum albumin and were more pronounced in the patients with serum albumin < 20 g l‐1.The study of the relationship among the concentrations of the various lipoprotein classes indicated that (i) the levels of VLDL and LDL1 were reciprocally related to that of the high density lipoproteins and (ii) the level of LDL2 rose with the moderately increased VLDL and LDL1 but at the high concentrations of VLDL and LDL1 observed in the severe nephrotic syndrome it did not show any further increase, suggesting a defect in the conversion of VLDL to LDL2.The nephrotic syndrome was associated with marked changes in the composition of all lipoprotein fractions which were found to contain more phospholipid but less protein than normal. Major changes in composition were observed in VLDL and LDL1 which were rich in esterified cholesterol and phopholipids and had an esterified cholesterol: triglyceride molar ratio (CE/TG) higher than the corresponding fractions of the control subjects. Furthermore, CE/TG ratio in these fractions increased as their serum concentration increased.These observations indicate that in severe, untreated uncomplicated nephrotic syndrome there is a progressive accumulation of d < 1.019 g ml‐1 lipoproteins rich in esterified cholesterol. Chemically these resemble VLDL and chylomicron remnants and are possibly related to some defect in the conversion of VLDL to LDL2.
Measurement of serum apolipoprotein B by radioimmunoassay
Authors: KARLIN JOAN B. , JUHN DAWN J. , SCANU ANGELO M. , RUBENSTEIN ARTHUR H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. A sensitive and specific double antibody radioimmunoassay for the major apolipoprotein (apo B) of human serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) is described. Using anti‐LDL and anti‐apo B antibodies the immunoreactivity of LDL and apo B were compared. Human LDL and its isolated apo B were not immunologically identical when each antiserum was used with its homologous label; a population of antibodies was selected which reacted with antigenic sites unique to the antigen itself as well as to those which were common to the closely related protein. When the heterologous label was used with either antiserum, a population of antibodies directed against antigenic sites shared by the LDL and apo B molecules was selected.Apo B in sera samples can be measured using either anti‐LDL or anti‐apo B antibodies provided that intact LDL was used for preparation of the iodinated tracer and standard. Serum apo B levels in healthy normolipi‐daemic males and females were 0.93 ±0.25 g/l (range 0.58–1.39) and 0.90 ± 0.15 g/l (range 0.58–1.12), respectively. The total cholesterol and apo B, and phos‐pholipid and apo B concentrations for both males and females were significantly correlated (P<0.05). In another normolipidaemic population (n= 52), total serum apo B values correlated positively with LDL cholesterol (r= 0.92, P< 0.001).Apo B was measured in sera from patients with abetalipoproteinaemia, familial hypercholesterolaemia and Tangiers disease. Apo B was not detected in the serum of subjects with abetalipoproteinaemia, while the apo B level in the familial hypercholesterolaemic subjects was significantly elevated (range 3.26–4.94 g/l) compared to normals (P<0.001). Serum apo B (0.80 g/l) of the subject with Tangier disease was within the normal range.
Thyroid function after subtotal resection for hyper‐thyroidism: a prospective study
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM B. , GILLQUIST J. , KARLBERG B. , TEGLER L. 
Published: March 2008

B.KÅGEDAL1Abstract. Eight‐seven patients treated for thyrotoxicosis by subtotal thyroidectomy were examined 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Thirty‐six of the patients were also examined 24 months after surgery.The patients were divided into two groups according to serum concentration of thyrotrophin (TSH) 6 weeks after surgery. Group I contained fifty‐five patients with a normal serum TSH, of whom three developed recurrent hyperthyroidism during the observation period. The remaining fifty‐two patients were clinically euthyroid during the entire observation period but had rather low serum thyroxine (T4) levels and normal serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels 6 weeks after surgery. Most patients had a normal TSH response to thyro‐trophin‐releasing hormone (TRH). T4 levels rose significantly within 6 months after surgery and then remained almost unchanged.Group II contained thirty‐two patients with a serum TSH above 5 mU/1 6 weeks after surgery. Seven of these patients developed hypothyroidism within 1 year of surgery. The twenty‐five remaining patients had low serum T4 with normal serum T3 levels at 6 weeks. TSH response to TRH was pathologically raised. Basal TSH level remained raised during the observation period but serum T4 levels approached those in group I within 12 months.These investigations show that patients with a raised basal serum TSH are at risk of developing hypothyroidism. Normal serum concentrations of thyroid hormones are reached sooner by patients with normal TSH levels than by patients with raised TSH levels. The basal serum TSH level seems to be a better indicator of risk of hypothyroidism than the serum T4 level, which is low in most patients 6 weeks after surgery.
Relation between triglycerides in human skeletal muscle and serum and the fractional elimination rate of exogenous plasma triglycerides
Authors: FRÖBERG S. O. , RÖSSNER S. , ERICSSON M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Muscle triglycerides, serum lipid and lipo‐protein concentrations and an intravenous fat tolerance test were determined on thirteen survivors of myocardial infarction and on fourteen subjects referred to a Lipid Clinic but without myocardial infarction.The mean concentration of triglycerides in muscle and the fractional removal rate k2 of intravenous injected Intralipid were similar in patients with and without MI. In seventeen of these subjects type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia was found.In type IV patients the muscle triglyceride concentration was twice that found in patients without hyper‐triglyceridaemia. A negative correlation between muscle triglyceride concentration and the k2 value was found for all subjects with a correlation coefficient of —0.62 (P< 0.001). No independent correlations were found between muscle triglyceride and serum triglyceride concentration or the triglyceride concentrations of the major lipoproteins.
Hepatic and extrahepatic triglyceride lipase activity in uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis
Authors: BOLZANO K. , KREMPLER F. , SANDHOFER F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In eleven patients with chronic renal insufficiency treated by intermittent haemodialysis and in ten normal subjects, hepatic and extrahepatic triglyceride lipase activity of post heparin plasma was selectively measured, utilizing the different sensitivity of both enzymes to inhibition by protamine sulphate. In uraemic patients, hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was significantly decreased and extrahepatic triglyceride lipase activity was normal when compared with the control group.The uraemic subjects showed a moderate hypertri‐glyceridaemia; their serum cholesterol level, however, was normal. The high triglyceride concentration was due to an increase of very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins of the density between 1.006 and 1.019g/ml (LDL1) The concentration of low density lipoproteins of the density between 1.019 and 1.063g/ml (LDL2) was decreased. LDL2 were relatively rich in triglycerides when compared with LDL2 from the control group.
Quantitative changes of serum lipoprotein‐X after cholestyramine administration in infants with cholestatic biliary tract and liver disease
Authors: POLEY J. R. , CAPLAN D. B. , MAGNANI H. N. , ALAUPOVIC P. , SMITH E. I. , CAMPBELL D. P. , BHATIA M. , BURDELSKI M. , BOJANOVSKI D. 
Published: March 2008

5Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, GFRAbstract. Lipoprotein‐X (LP‐X) was determined before and after the administration of cholestyramine in fifty‐five infants with persistent cholestatic jaundice to differentiate between intra‐ and extrahepatic disease.In twenty‐seven infants with biliary atresia, serum LP‐X prior to cholestyramine ranged from 0.87 to 11.42 g/1 (mean: 3.43 g/l); the average concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in males. After cholestyramine, LP‐X rose in twenty‐three, remained the same in two, and decreased slightly in two infants.Serum LP‐X was present in twenty of the twenty‐eight infants with intrahepatic cholestasis prior to cholestyramine in concentrations from 0.84 to 14.19 g/l (mean: 3.13 g/l). After cholestyramine, LP‐X decreased in all by an average of 78% (P< 0.005). The other eight infants did not have LP‐X before or after cholestyramine.This study shows that LP‐X in the serum of infants with cholestatic jaundice indicates severe cholestasis, but is not itself diagnostic of biliary atresia. The differentiation of biliary atresia from other diseases is readily achieved, as the administration of cholestyramine for 2–3 weeks causes a marked decrease of serum LP‐X in patients with patent extrahepatic bile ducts. The absence of serum LP‐X excludes biliary atresia.
Bile acid profiles in urine of patients with liver diseases
Authors: BREMMELGAARD A. , SJÖVALL J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Quantitative gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used to study the metabolic profiles of unconjugated, conjugated and sulphated bile acids in urine of patients with intermittent intrahepatic cholestasis of unknown aetiology, cirrhosis of the liver, primary biliary cirrhosis, viral and toxic hepatitis and extrahepatic cholestasis.A large number of bile acids was present which can broadly be classified into four groups: cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids constituted between 49·4% and 77·9% of the total bile acids (mean values of the groups); deoxycholic and other 3,12‐disubstituted bile acids between 1·3% and 12·3%, monohydroxy bile acids between 6·7% and 14·4% and bile acids hydroxylated at C‐1 or C‐6 between 4·6% and 14·6%. The high proportion of bile acids from the latter group, and the presence of tetrahydroxylated bile acids, clearly distinguished hepatic disease from the normal state. The metabolic profiles were very variable and there were few consistent differences between the groups of diseases studied. Norcholic acid constituted a significantly higher percentage of the total bile acids in cirrhotic patients (6·2 ± 6·8%) than in non‐cirrhotic patients (1·3±1·8%, P<0·001). With this exception, no profile was specific for any type of intra‐ or extra‐hepatic cholestasis.The excretion rates of the major l‐hydroxylated bile acids were positively correlated to each other. The same was true for the major 6‐hydroxylated bile acids. This may indicate that cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids act as substrates for common 1‐ and 6‐hydroxylating enzymes. Possibly the taurine conjugates are preferred substrates since 1‐hydroxylated bile acids and hyocholic acid were found mainly in this fraction. A positive correlation between the excretion of sulphated 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid and 3β,12α‐dihydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid indicates a direct metabolic relationship between these compounds.Confirming previous data, a high proportion of bile acids was sulphated. The degree of sulphation increased with decreasing number of hydroxyl groups, reaching 100% for the monohydroxy and most of the dihydroxy acids. Tetrahydroxycholanoates were not sulphated, and sulphation of trihydroxycholanoates was positively correlated to the renal bile acid excretion rate.Bile from patients with intermittent intrahepatic cholestasis did not contain the tetrahydroxylated bile acids present in urine. Hyocholic acid was a very minor, mainly taurine conjugated, bile acid. Monohydroxy bile acids were usually below the detection limit. These data do not support the hypothesis that lithocholic acid participates in the initiation or perpetuation of intermittent intrahepatic cholestasis of unknown aetiology.
On the contribution of prostaglandin‐like substances to the action of bradykinin on intestinal motility and blood flow in canine jejunal loop in situ
Authors: PYTKOWSKI BOHDAN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Blood flow and motility were studied in a canine jejunal loop in situ with intact innervation.Bradykinin was administered into a side branch of the supplying artery and indomethacin was infused intravenously I h before experiments. In the control group without indomethacin infusion, bradykinin 1–10 nmol/l gradually increased blood flow without significantly altering motility. Higher concentrations of bradykinin (20–100 nmol/l) augmented rhythmic contractions of the intestine. Phasic blood flow decreased during contraction and increased after relaxation, and mean blood flow increased. Bradykinin (0·2–1·0 μmol/l) caused tonic intestinal contractions. Blood flow initially increased but was soon impeded in proportion to the amplitude and duration of the tonic contractions. With intestinal muscle relaxation, blood flow increased to values markedly higher than control. In the group pretreated with indomethacin, blood flow did not increase after bradykinin administration. However, administration of PGE2 produced significant increase in flow, similar to that observed after bradykinin. Acetylcholine or isoprenaline also markedly increased blood flow.Increased intestinal motility caused by bradykinin mechanically impeded blood flow through the intestine, thus masking its direct vasodilating action. The action of bradykinin on the intestinal vascular bed is probably mediated or modulated by endogenous prostaglandin‐like substances.
Lactate elimination in man: effects of lactate concentration and hepatic dysfunction
Authors: WOLL P. J. , RECORD C. O. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Lactate elimination was studied in twenty‐six healthy volunteers during primed constant lactate infusion or multiple lactate injection tests, at blood lactate concentrations of 1–8 mmol‐1. Although lactate elimination fitted a single exponential curve over a 30 min period, a significant correlation between the rate removal constant (KL) and the peak blood lactate concentration (Lø) was demonstrated:logeKL= ‐ 2·43 ‐ 0.132 Lø (P= 0·003, r= 0·63, n= 20)This suggests that lactate removal does not follow first order kinetics over a wide concentration range but becomes saturated at relatively low blood lactate concentrations. Estimates of the lactate distribution volume did not differ significantly at different dosage levels, but remained in the range 270–300 ml kg‐1. Skeletal muscle uptake accounted for about 26% of the infused lactate load.Seven patients with well‐compensated hepatic cirrhosis were compared with a group of six control subjects during primed constant infusion tests. Fasting and steady state blood lactate concentrations achieved were similar in both groups. A significant prolongation in lactate half‐life was demonstrated in the cirrhotics (18·8 ± 1·4 min (mean ± SEM) compared to 14·7 ± 2·2 min; P < 0·02). Since peripheral uptake of lactate in the forearm was similar in the two groups, this suggests that hepatic lactate uptake was impaired, due either to hepatocyte dysfunction or portal diversion.