bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid factors react with fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 fcγ‐binding proteins
Authors: Tsuchiya Naoyuki , Malone Christine , Hutt‐Fletcher Lindsey M. , Williams Ralph C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) were tested in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) (II‐481 and B10/A8) to glycoprotein E (gE), the Fcγ‐binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), as well as with MAb 88‐S to gE of HSV‐2. Most of the RF reacted with II‐481 and 88‐S. Positive reactions were recorded for RF reacting with whole MAb II‐481 and 88‐S, as well as with their Fab, but not their Fc, fragments. Human monoclonal IgM RF isolated from mixed cryoglobulins showed a similar profile, with reactivity for both whole MAb II‐481 and 88‐S and for their Fab fragments. Reactivity with MAb to gE was observed regardless of the Gm specificity of the polyclonal RF and the crossreactive idiotypes (6B6, 17.109, or G6) of the monoclonal RF. No positive reactions were noted between protein A and Fab fragments of any of the anti‐gE MAb. These findings indicate that many RF may bear the internal image of the Fcγ‐binding regions of 2 different herpesviruses: HSV‐1 and HSV‐2.
Monocyte‐derived neutrophil chemotactic factor/interleukin‐8 is a potential mediator of crystal‐induced inflammation
Authors: Terkeltaub Robert , Zachariae Claus , Santoro Denise , Martin Jody , Peveri Paola , Matsushima Kouji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe physical interaction of particulates with resident mononuclear phagocytes is a consistent feature in certain forms of crystal‐induced inflammation. In this study, we observed that monosodium urate crystals stimulated the rapid release of neutrophil chemotactic activity from monocytes, and that this activity steadily increased over 24 hours. Because the release of monocyte‐derived neutrophil chemotactic activity was markedly diminished by pretreatment of the monocytes with cycloheximide, and was completely removed from conditioned media by adsorption to heparin‐agarose, we addressed the possibility that monocyte‐derived neutrophil chemotactic factor/interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a heparin‐binding neutrophil‐activating polypeptide, might modulate these activities. Urate crystal‐induced IL‐8 secretion from monocytes was verified by radioimmuno‐assay. In addition, an IL‐8–specific antibody markedly inhibited the neutrophil‐activating capacity of the conditioned media from monocytes activated by urate crystals, as well as by inflammatory silica crystals. Last, IL‐8 was significantly increased in gouty synovial fluids (range 3.0–16.8 ng/ml, mean 8.4 ng/ml, n = 6) relative to osteoarthritic synovial fluids (range 1.1–1.7 ng/ml, mean 1.5 ng/ml, n = 6) (P = 0.006). We conclude that microcrystal‐induced secretion of IL‐8 by mononuclear phagocytes may mediate a number of forms of crystal‐induced inflammation.
Synovial fluid 5′‐nucleotidase activity. Relationship to other purine catabolic enzymes and to arthropathies associated with calcium crystal deposition
Authors: Wortmann Robert L. , Veum Judith A. , Rachow John W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe measured 5′‐nucleotidase (5NT) activity in synovial fluid from 159 patients with various diagnoses. The activity of 5NT was compared with activities of nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase, alkaline and neutral phosphatases, and adenosine deaminase, in the same samples. Higher levels of 5NT activity occurred in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic joints than from joints of patients with gout, pseudogout, or rheumatoid arthritis. The highest levels of 5NT activity were found in synovial fluid from patients with Milwaukee shoulder syndrome and from osteoarthritis patients in whom deposition of calcium‐containing crystals was also present.
The mitogenic response to stimulation with basic calcium phosphate crystals is accompanied by induction and secretion of collagenase in human fibroblasts
Authors: McCarthy Geraldine M. , Mitchell Peter G. , Cheung Herman S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSynovial fluid basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals are associated with severe destructive arthro‐pathies that are characterized by synovial proliferation and digestion of articular collagenous structures. BCP crystals are potent mitogens, which may account for this proliferation. The role of collagenase in articular degradation is controversial because, despite the massive loss of collagen, no studies have confirmed collagenolytic activity in synovial fluid, as originally reported. We investigated collagenase messenger RNA induction and enzyme activity in human foreskin flbroblasts proliferating in response to stimulation with BCP crystals, and analyzed the associated secreted proteins. Northern blots revealed a dose‐dependent accumulation of collagenase message, evident by 4 hours and continuing to at least 36 hours, in BCP‐stimulated cultures. One‐ and 2‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of conditioned media from BCP crystal–stimulated cultures revealed the selective induction of 2 proteins with molecular weight and pI values consistent with those of collagenase. Increased enzyme activity was also found. Thus, the mitogenic response of fibroblasts to BCP crystals is accompanied by collagenase induction and secretion, supporting the hypothesis that they act as a mediator of joint destruction in BCP crystal–associated arthropathies.
Enkephalinase: A physiologic neuroimmunomodulator detected in the synovial fluid
Authors: Appelboom Thierry , De Maertelaer Viviane , De Prez Eric , Hauzeur Jean‐Philippe , Deschodt‐Lanckman Monique 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEnkephalinase (endopeptidase 24.11) is a metallopeptidase that is able to cleave not only neuropeptides and hormones but also immune mediators. The enzyme was quantified in synovial fluid obtained from 36 swollen joints. Its concentration correlated with the synovial fluid cell count, mainly the polymorphonuclear cells and lymphocytes, and with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. No statistically significant difference in enkephalinase levels was demonstrated between the groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondylarthropathy, microcrystalline arthritis, or osteoarthritis. The presence of enkephalinase in the synovial fluid could reflect the intensity of the inflammatory process, or it could represent a physiologic regulator of inflammation and pain within the joint.
Effect of Medication on Synovial Fluid Leukocyte Differentials in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bahremand Manijeh , Ralph Schumacher H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe compared leukocyte populations in synovial fluid samples from 45 rheumatoid arthritis patients, grouped according to medications taken. Seventeen of the 22 patients receiving only nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs had lymphocytes as the single predominant cell. None of the 23 patients receiving second‐line agents had lymphocyte predominance. These findings may have important implications for drug mechanisms and must be considered in future studies of synovial fluid.
Autoantibodies to Nuclear Lamin C in the Eosinophilia—Myalgia Syndrome Associated with L‐Tryptophan Ingestion
Authors: Varga John , Maul Gerd G. , Jimenez Sergio A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To examine the autoantibodies (antinuclear antibodies [ANA]) present in serum from a patient with eosinophilia—myalgia syndrome (EMS).Methods. Sera obtained during the early phase of EMS and following therapy with prednisone were screened by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp‐2 cells, and ANA were characterized by immunoblotting on a purified nuclear lamin fraction.Results. ANA with a ring‐like pattern of nuclear staining were identified at high titer by immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting experiments showed them to be directed against lamin C. The antibody titer declined dramatically after discontinuation of L‐tryptophan and therapy with prednisone.Conclusion. This is the first characterization of an antigen/autoantibody system associated with EMS. The findings indicate that this EMS‐associated autoantibody recognizes epitopes localized in the carboxyterminal region of lamin C. The occurrence of antilamin C autoantibodies in one EMS patient expands the spectrum of clinical conditions associated with these antibodies, and provides evidence for an autoimmune response in EMS.
P‐31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
Authors: Newman Eric D. , Kurland Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To explore alterations in energy utilization as a potential etiology for weakness in polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM).Methods. P‐31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies were performed in patients with acute and treated PM/DM and in normal controls, at rest and with exercise.Results. Patients with acute and treated PM/DM showed increased ratios of inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine (PCr) during exercise, with loss of ATP disproportional to loss of PCr.Conclusion. This study demonstrates changes in energy utilization in PM/DM, thus supporting the notion of a metabolic etiology for the weakness associated with these diseases.
Increase in CD5+ B Cells in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jarvis James N. , Kaplan Joseph , Fine Nancy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To investigate the association between CD5+ B cell expression and IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM‐RF) in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA).Methods. CD5+ B cell levels analyzed by flow cytometry and IgM‐RF expression determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay were compared in children with JRA, children with other collagen vascular diseases, and healthy controls.Results. Children with polyarticular JRA had expanded populations of CD5+ B cells, and expansion of CD5+ B cells and IgM‐RF both correlated with disease activity.Conclusion. The results indicate that an expanded CD5+ B cell population leads to IgM‐RF production in patients with polyarticular JRA, as well as patients with RA.
The radiographic criterion in the 1987 revised criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Reassessment in a prospective study of early disease
Authors: Paimela Leena 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To assess the radiographic criterion in the 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in patients with early RA.Methods. The diagnostic value of radiologic changes in the hands was compared with that of radiologic changes in the feet, in a prospective study of 78 patients with early definite or classic RA (symptoms for ≤12 months) according to the 1958 criteria.Results. At entry, 23% of the patients had erosions only in metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints, 6% only in hands, and 5% both in hands and in feet. After 2 years of followup, 29% of the patients had only MTP joint erosions and 3% had only hand erosions. At study entry, the level of clinical activity in patients with erosions in the feet only was lower than that in other patients, and 44% of these patients would not have been diagnosed as having RA by the 1987 criteria.Conclusion. In early RA, radiographic changes in the feet seem to be a more sensitive criterion than radiographic changes in the hands. Therefore, addition of radiographic evaluation of the feet to the revised criteria may improve the classification of recent‐onset RA.
Mycobacteria and human heat shock protein—specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in rheumatoid synovial inflammation
Authors: Li Shu Guang , Quayle Alison J. , Shen Yamin , Kjeldsen‐Kragh Jens , Oftung Fredrik , Gupta Radhey S. , Natvig Jacob B. , Førre Øystein T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To study the cytotoxic capacity of mycobacteria‐specific T lymphocyte lines and clones from sites of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also studied antigen specificity, surface phenotype, expression of T cell receptors (TCR), and HLA restriction.Methods. Autologous macrophages (Mπ) from the synovial membrane (SM), synovial fluid (SF), or peripheral blood (PB) were used as target cells in cytotoxicity assays.Results. All SM and SF cell lines tested thus far have shown specific lysis of the autologous Mπ from SM or PB that had been pulsed with BCG (bacillus Calmette‐Guerin), but no cytotoxicity when the targets were pulsed with irrelevant antigens such as tetanus toxoid and Chlamydia. Both CD4+ and CD8+ cells were shown to be involved in the specific cytolysis. The majority of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines were TCRα/β+ cells. However, both TCRα/β+ and TCRγ/δ+ clones (TCR δ1+) from one RA patient showed antigen‐specific lysis. Antigen‐specific recognition by a number of CTL lines and clones generated from SF and SM was restricted by HLA—DR molecules. Two Mycobacterium bovis 65‐kd heat shock protein (HSP)–specific TCRα/β+ SF T cell clones also lysed Mπ that had been pulsed with a recombinant human 65‐kd HSP.Conclusion. Joint inflammation and destruction might be partly attributable to a cross‐reaction of mycobacteria‐induced cytotoxic T cells with self HSP.
Elevated expression of β1 and β2 integrins, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 in the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis of recent onset
Authors: Sollberg Stephan , Peltonen Juha , Uitto Jouni , Jimenez Sergio A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To investigate the possible role of integrins and cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of the mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis of skin that occurs in systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods. The presence and topographic distribution of β1, β2, and β4 integrins, as well as of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM‐1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), was examined immunohistochemically in affected skin from 8 patients with rapidly progressive SSc of recent onset. The expression of the β1 integrin gene was also investigated by in situ hybridization with a human sequence‐specific complementary DNA.Results. The presence of β1 integrin epitopes and the corresponding messenger RNA within inflammatory cells surrounding small vessels was demonstrated in SSc skin but not in normal skin. Lymphocytes positive for β2 integrin were also found only in SSc skin, and they appeared in close proximity to small blood vessels and collagen bundles. Immunostaining for β4 integrin epitopes revealed no differences between normal and SSc skin. ELAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 monoclonal antibodies, which identify epitopes indicative of endothelial cell activation, stained endothelial cells in SSc skin but not normal skin.Conclusion. These observations suggest that the complex interactions of β1 and β2 integrins, as well as ELAM‐1 and ICAM‐1, may be intimately involved in the pathogenesis of SSc, perhaps by mediating the homing and targeting of pathogenetic lymphocytes to the affected tissues.
Serosal mast cells maintain their viability and promote the metabolism of cartilage proteoglycans when cocultured with chondrocytes
Authors: Stevens Richard L. , Somerville Laura L. , Sewell Duane , Swafford James R. , Caulfield John P. , Levi‐Schaffer Francesca , Hubbard John R. , Dayton Elahe T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine the consequences of mast cell (MC)–chondrocyte interactions.Methods. Cocultured cells were analyzed histochemically, morphologically, biochemically, and functionally.Results. Cocultured MC adhered to the chondrocytes and remained viable. Chondrocytes cocultured with nonactivated MC produced more proteoglycans than did chondrocytes cultured alone, and these proteoglycans possessed an intact hyaluronic acid—binding region. In contrast, most of the proteoglycans produced by chondrocytes cocultured with activated MC were degraded.Conclusion. These studies indicate that a complex interaction occurs in which the nonactivated MC stimulates biosynthesis and the activated MC degrades cartilage proteoglycans.
Lymphocyte responses to DR4/1‐restricted peptides in rheumatoid arthritis. The immunodominant T cell epitope on the 19‐kd mycobacterium tuberculosis protein
Authors: Tan Paul L. J. , Farmiloe Sarah , Young Judy , Watson James D. , Skinner Margot A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. Peptides presented by DR4/1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). T cell responses to DR4/1‐restricted peptides unrelated to the causative antigen may be altered in RA. Thus, DR4/1‐restricted lymphocyte responses in healthy volunteers and patients with RA were determined.Methods. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and synovial lymphocytes were cultured with synthetic peptides spanning the 19‐kd Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) protein.Results. 3H‐thymidine uptake by PBL from 5 of 7 healthy individuals and 5 of 7 RA patients increased in response to the N‐terminal peptide (residues 1–20). Eleven fresh synovial fluid and 4 fresh synovial tissue (ST) lymphocyte samples did not proliferate in response to any of the peptides. However, the same T cell epitope was identified by ST lymphocytes when these were precultured. The N‐terminal peptide was not a common antibody‐binding site, unlike several of the other peptides.Conclusion. Similar responses by RA and normal PBL to a DR4/1‐restricted immunodominant T cell epitope on the 19‐kd MT protein were observed. The responses were more readily detected in PBL than in synovial lymphocytes. These observations may be relevant for assessing unrelated synthetic peptides in the development of DR4/1‐restricted peptide immunotherapy.
Inhibition of synovial fluid T cell proliferation by anti‐CD5 monoclonal antibodies. A potential mechanism for their immunotherapeutic action in vivo
Authors: Verwilghen Jo , Kingsley Gabrielle H. , Ceuppens Jan L. , Panayi Gabriel S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against the T cell surface molecule CD5 are able to provide accessory stimulatory signals to resting T cells. The potential role of CD5 as an immunoregulatory molecule in inflammatory synovitis was examined.Methods. Synovial fluid and peripheral blood T cells of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were purified and stimulated with interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), and the effect of MAb directed against CD5 on IL‐2 responsiveness was examined.Results. IL‐2—induced proliferation of synovial fluid T cells was strongly inhibited by anti‐CD5 MAb, but not by anti‐CD28 or anti‐CD3 MAb. In RA peripheral blood T cells, MAb directed against CD5, CD3, and CD28 induced IL‐2—dependent T cell growth, similar to findings in healthy controls. The difference in activity of anti‐CD5 MAb on synovial fluid T cells compared with peripheral blood T cells was not due to different surface expression of CD5.Conclusion. Anti‐CD5 has an inhibitory effect on in vivo—activated synovial fluid T cells. The disease‐ameliorative effects of anti‐CD5 immunotoxin treatment of RA may be partly due to “switching‐off” of T cell activation in the joints.
Antilactoferrin antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are associated with vasculitis
Authors: Coremans I. E. M. , Hagen E. C. , Daha M. R. , Van Der Woude F. J. , Van Der Voort E. A. M. , Kleijburg‐Van Der Keur C. , Breedveld F. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine the occurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and the specificity of these antibodies (Ab) in serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by vasculitis (rheumatoid vasculitis [RV]).Methods. ANCA was detected with an indirect immunofluorescence test on ethanol‐fixed granulocytes. Ab against the cytoplasmic antigens proteinase‐3, elastase, lactoferrin (LF), and myeloperoxidase were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results. ANCA were found in the serum of 43% of 49 patients with RV and in 36% of 50 patients with RA. Anti‐LF Ab occurred more frequently in RV patients (45%) than in RA patients (4%), whereas reactivity against the other cytoplasmic antigens did not differ significantly between these groups.Conclusion. Anti‐LF Ab in serum of patients with RA may be useful in the diagnosis of vasculitis in RA.
Use of an antibody against the matrix metalloproteinase–generated aggrecan neoepitope fvdipen‐cooh to assess the effects of stromelysin in a rabbit model of cartilage degradation
Authors: Bayne Ellen Kahn , MacNaul KAREN L. , Donatelli Susan A. , Christen Amy , Griffin Patrick R. , Hoerrner Lori A. , Calaycay Jimmy R. , Ayala Julia M. , Chapman Kevin , Hagmann William , Weidner Jeffrey R. , Mcdonnell Joseph , Moore Vernon L. , Mumford Richard A. , Lark Michael W. , Hutchinson Nancy I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To define the stromelysin cleavage site in the interglobular domain of rabbit aggrecan, and to determine whether the stromelysin‐generated neoepitope can be used as a marker of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in vivo.Methods. The carboxy‐terminus sequence of the stromelysin‐generated hyaluronic acid–binding region (HABR) of rabbit aggrecan was determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction complementary DNA cloning and DNA sequence analysis, followed by purification and mass spectral protein sequence analysis of the HABR fragment. Active stromelysin was injected into the stifle joints of rabbits, and a stromelysin‐generated aggrecan neoepitope was analyzed by Western blotting and localized in situ by indirect immunofluorescence. Proteoglycan fragments in joint fluids were quantified by a dimethylmethylene blue dye‐binding assay.Results. Stromelysin cleavage of rabbit aggrecan generated a 55‐kd HABR fragment that terminated in the sequence FMDIPEN. An anti‐FVDIPEN antibody recognized the FMDIPEN neoepitope in situ in cartilage from stromelysin‐injected joints. The appearance of the FMDIPEN neoepitope corresponded to the release of cartilage proteoglycan fragments into the joint fluid, and could be inhibited by pretreatment of the rabbits with a synthetic stromelysin inhibitor.Conclusion. These results indicate that the anti‐FVDIPEN antibody can be used to assess the role of MMPs in cartilage degradation in vivo.
Effects of stress management on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Parker Jerry C. , Smarr Karen L. , Buckelew Susan P. , Stucky‐ropp RenéE C. , Hewett John E. , Johnson Jane C. , Wright Gail E. , Irvin William S. , Walker Sara E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To examine the effects of stress‐management training on clinical outcomes in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods. Patients with RA (n = 141) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a stress management group, an attention control group, or a standard care control group. The stress management and the attention control groups received a 10‐w eek intervention followed by an additional 15‐m onth maintenance phase.Results. The stress management group showed statistically significant improvements on measures of helplessness, self‐efficacy, coping, pain, and health status. Selected beneficial effects were still detectable at the 15‐m onth followup evaluation.Conclusion. The data indicated that stress management interventions are capable of producing important clinical benefits for persons with RA.