bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant exposure to drugs of abuse investigated by hair analysis
Authors: Clara Cestonaro , Claudio Terranova , Alessandro Cinquetti , Alessia Russo , Anna Aprile , Donata Favretto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInfant exposure to drugs of abuse represents a worldwide problem whose extent is difficult to estimate. Despite the potentially serious health consequences, few data concerning exposure in children under 1 year of age are available. Since in clinical and forensic settings, neonatal and infant hair testing represents a useful method for investigating suspected drug exposures, an observational retrospective study was performed on hair analysis of children under 1 year of age evaluated at the University Hospital of Padova between 2018 and 2022 with the aim of estimate the extent and define the characteristics of this phenomenon in the reference setting. The sample included 102 infants. Chemical‐toxicological analyses were requested in 38 cases (37.3%) because of clinically suspicious symptoms of the child (e.g., neuropsychiatric symptoms and suspected neonatal abstinence syndrome) and in 64 cases (62.7%) because of other reasons (e.g., maternal drug history, at‐risk environment, and suspected maltreatment). Based on the presence or absence of symptoms in the request, the sample was subdivided into two groups. Hair analysis in these two showed the presence of drug of abuse, respectively, in 44.7% and 67.2% of the cases (p = 0.026). Cocaine was the most frequently detected substance, followed by opiates, and it was detected less frequently in cases investigated for suspicious clinical symptoms (p < 0.05). The results confirm the difficulties in interpreting the clinical picture and in defining the extent of exposure to drugs of abuse. An integrated assessment is fundamental to interpret the case and achieve adequate care of the child.
The potential role of occupational therapy in the treatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Willman Rebecca , Hobbs Midge , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMost individuals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) never receive treatment, and treatment needs far exceed the current capacity of mental health services. Occupational therapy (OT) focuses on enhancing function in daily activities, including eating and feeding. Given OT's rich history in mental health and pediatric feeding disorder treatment, we spotlight the potential role of OT in ARFID treatment, current knowledge, and opportunities for future research. Through a preliminary exploratory inquiry involving a review of current literature and clinical practice, we investigated OT's current involvement, knowledge, and interprofessional collaborative practice gaps in ARFID treatment. While many occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) engage in ARFID treatment, interventions lack rigorous evaluation, and there is limited evidence defining OT's distinct role in interprofessional ARFID treatment. OTPs are uniquely positioned to provide interventions for individuals with ARFID across the lifespan, though research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of OT interventions. Future research suggestions include standardizing OT approaches to ARFID treatment and conducting single‐case experiments and randomized controlled trials to compare OT approaches with alternative methods. Recommendations to address practice gaps include enhancing ARFID education for OT students and practitioners and fostering a greater understanding of OT's role on the interprofessional team.Public SignificanceIndividuals with ARFID face barriers to eating that impact their health and function. On a multidisciplinary team, OTPs can treat diverse client populations by identifying and addressing barriers to daily participation, such as physical impairments, trauma history, and environmental barriers. More research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of OT practices in ARFID treatment.
No fitness effects of same‐sex copulations in male red flour beetles
Authors: Martens Birte M. , Martin Oliver Y. , Janicke Tim , Winkler Lennart 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSame‐sex sexual behavior occurs in diverse animal taxa, yet its evolutionary maintenance is poorly understood as such behavior seems to be costly and does not directly increase reproductive success. We used male Tribolium castaneum beetles, which frequently engage in same‐sex copulations, to test if same‐sex sexual behavior influences future male mating behavior and reproductive success of males. Furthermore, we tested whether same‐sex sexual behavior has benefits via indirect sperm translocation. We conducted a series of mating trials demonstrating that males exposed to same‐sex behavior did not sire less offspring compared to control males that did not engage in same‐sex behavior. This suggests that same‐sex copulations did not lead to fitness costs in subsequent mating interactions. In addition, we found no evidence that indirect sperm translocation via an intermediate male occurs in T. castaneum. Taken together, these results imply that same‐sex sexual behavior in males is associated with no costs in terms of lower mating rate and reduced siring success and does not seem to entail benefits. Moreover, our data conform to the hypothesis that sexual indiscrimination is prevalent in this species, which may explain the relatively high frequency of same‐sex sexual behavior in T. castaneum.
Agave distribution and floral display influence foraging rates of an endangered pollinating bat and implications for conservation
Authors: Lear Kristen M. , Moore Clinton T. , King Elizabeth G. , Gómez‐Ruiz Emma , Flores Maldonado Jose Juan , Ibarra Sanchez Cuauhtemoc , Castañeda Aguilera Ana , Prebyl Thomas J. , Hepinstall‐Cymerman Jeffrey 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWildlife conservation involves making management decisions with incomplete knowledge of ecological relationships. Efforts to augment foraging resources for the endangered Mexican long‐nosed bat (Leptonycteris nivalis) are progressing despite limited knowledge about the species' foraging behavior and requirements. This study aimed to understand L. nivalis responses to floral resource availability, focusing on individual agave‐ and local‐scale characteristics influencing visitation rates to flowering agaves. We observed bat visitation at 62 flowering agaves around two roosts in northeast Mexico on 46 nights in the summers of 2017 and 2018. We found visitation rate had positive relationships with two agave‐scale characteristics: the number of umbels with open flowers and the lower vertical position on the stalk of those umbels (i.e., earlier phenological stages of flowering). However, these factors exhibited strong negative interaction: with few umbels with open flowers, the position of flowering umbels had little effect on visitation rate, but when umbels with open flowers were abundant, visitation rate was more strongly related to the lower flowering umbel position. We also found relationships between visitation rate and two local‐scale characteristics: negative for the density of flowering conspecifics within 30 m of the focal agave and positive for the density of dead standing agave stalks within 30 m. Our findings suggest opportunities to augment foraging resources for L. nivalis in ways that are consistent with their foraging behavior, including: increasing the supply of simultaneously blooming flowers by planting agave species that tend to have more umbels with simultaneously open flowers; planting multiple species of agaves with different flowering times to increase the availability of agaves with open flowers on lower‐positioned umbels throughout the period when bats are present in the region; planting agaves in clusters; and keeping dead standing agave stalks on the landscape. Our study points to useful management strategies that can be implemented and monitored as part of an adaptive management approach to aid in conservation efforts.
Oomycete communities are influenced by land use and disease status in Christmas tree production in Southern Québec, Canada
Authors: Van der Heyden Hervé , Duceppe Marc‐Olivier , Charron Guillaume , Tanguay Philippe , Bilodeau Guillaume J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForests are threatened by many natural stressors intensified by climate change and anthropogenic activities, which tend to increase their susceptibility to pests and pathogens. Consequently, oomycete‐related forest decline or dieback cases are increasing in natural, urban, and agricultural landscapes. It is in this context that Christmas tree growers from Southern Québec, Canada, are experiencing root rot problems, with reported incidences up to 25%. In a previous study, seven Phytophthora spp. were associated with this root rot problem, but the overall diversity of oomycetes has not yet been investigated. Hence, in this study, we use a metabarcoding approach to provide an overview of the diversity, richness, and composition of the oomycete community in fir plantations compared to surrounding natural forests. We showed that the P. cryptogea cluster, P. europaea cluster, P. sansomeana, and P. chlamydospora cluster were significantly more abundant in soils collected from plantations under diseased trees and confirmed that the P. europaea cluster (including P. abietivora) was most frequently associated with trees showing Phytophthora root rot‐like symptoms. Finally, we report that land use (anthropogenic activities) shapes oomycete diversity, while plantations can act as a gateway for invading natural forests. In fact, the results presented here suggested that the P. europaea cluster might already have crossed this boundary and that other species might follow, advocating the importance of improved surveillance of oomycete diversity in various environments.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: Analyses of short‐term efficacy and safety
Authors: Lang Frederick M. , Teruya Sergio , Weinsaft Ariel , Cuomo Margaret , Santos Alfonsina Mirabal , Nalbandian Ani , Bampatsias Dimitrios , Maurer Mathew S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAimsDespite their potential, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have not been well‐studied in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) as randomized trials have excluded patients with this morbid disease. We performed a retrospective study assessing the short‐term efficacy and safety of SGLT2i in ATTR‐CM.Methods and resultsWe screened consecutive patients seen at a tertiary care centre and identified 87 ATTR‐CM patients treated with SGLT2i and 95 untreated control patients. Endpoints included changes in weight, loop diuretic dose, and cardiac/renal biomarkers. The median age of the overall population was 79 (interquartile range [IQR] 11) years. Nearly 90% of patients were male, and 93% were on a transthyretin stabilizer. Control patients demonstrated generally less severe disease at baseline compared to SGLT2i‐treated patients, with lower median Columbia risk score (p < 0.001). Median follow‐up time was 5.6 (IQR 5.2) and 8.4 (IQR 2.1) months in the SGLT2i and control cohorts, respectively. Compared with controls, SGLT2i treatment was associated with significantly greater reductions from baseline in weight, loop diuretic dose, and uric acid during follow‐up (p < 0.001). While no significant between‐group differences were observed on cardiac biomarkers, estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced versus controls 1 month after SGLT2i initiation (p = 0.002), but no significant differences were observed at later timepoints. Results were similar in a propensity score‐matched analysis (n = 42 per cohort). A total of 10 (11.5%) patients discontinued SGLT2i, most commonly due to genitourinary symptoms.ConclusionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors were well tolerated by most patients with ATTR‐CM and appeared to improve volume status and combat diuretic resistance. Randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of 4‐Monosubstituted‐pyrazol‐5‐ones to Enones: Construction of Vicinal Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters
Authors: Goyal Pooja , Dubey Akhil K. , Chowdhury Raghunath 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPyrazolone moiety bearing an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center is frequent in biologically active products and pharmaceuticals. The catalytic route for the construction of quaternary carbon centers poses a formidable challenge . In this report, catalytic asymmetric Michael addition of 4‐monosubstituted‐pyrazol‐5‐ones to simple enones catalyzed by primary amine‐Brønsted acid composite has been developed. An array of pyrazolone derivatives bearing vicinal all carbon quaternary and tertiary stereocenters, were obtained in moderate to good diastereoselectivities (up to 92 : 8 dr) and good to excellent enantiomeric excess (up to 99 % ee). In addition, antipode for enantiomers of the pyrazolone derivatives were also realized in good to high stereoselectivities (up to 92 : 8 dr and up to 98 % ee).
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Multi‐Step Synthesis of N‐Polyheterocycles from Nitroarenes and Glycols
Authors: Gómez‐Gil Sara , Cases Nuria , Hernández‐Ruiz Raquel , Rubio‐Presa Rubén , Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel , Pedrosa María R. , Sanz Roberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report the efficient, sustainable one‐pot synthesis of a wide variety of N‐polyheterocycles, such as imidazo‐quinolines and quinoxalines, and furoquinolines, from easily available nitroaromatics and glycols via a molybdenum catalytic domino reduction‐imine formation‐intramolecular cyclization‐oxidation sequence. It is worth highlighting that the recycling and incorporation of the waste carbonyl byproduct, generated in the reduction step, into the final compound is realized. In addition, the overall efficiency and atom economy of the process are further improved owing to the participation of one reaction intermediate as reductant that allows lowering the amount of external reducing agent employed.
Investigations on Superbase Mediated Reactivity of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Aza‐ortho‐Quinone Methide Precursors
Authors: P. Rahul , T. K. Arunkumar , Sebastian Seena , Raveendran Haritha , Varughese Sunil , Mathew Jomon , John Jubi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe have encountered a superbase‐mediated chemoselective reaction of N‐tosylhydrazones with aza‐ortho‐quinone methide precursors. When tosylhydrazone was treated with ortho‐aminobenzyl alcohol in super basic conditions (KOH+DMSO), we observed the formation of 2‐substituted quinoline. The reaction was found to be general, and by this method, mono‐, di‐ and tri‐substituted quinolines could be made. We could prove experimentally and theoretically that the reaction proceeded via the formation of an azine from the basic decomposition of N‐tosylhydrazones. Finally, the reaction of tosylhydrazone with N‐(2‐(chloromethyl)phenyl)‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide (aza‐ortho‐quinone methide precursor) under super basic conditions afforded hydrazine substituted sulfonamides.
Effects of a Larger N‐Heterocyclic Ring in Rofecoxib Analogues on AIE Activity and Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Liu Wei , Yao Yinyin , Ke Yanbing , Zhou Jingming , Zhang Weiwei , Li Renfu , Lu Yusheng , Jiang Hong , Xie Lijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo analogues of rofecoxib, 2‐Pyr‐ROF and 2‐Pip‐ROF, were designed according to the strategy of heterocyclic ring enlargement and facilely synthesized in a facile manner by Knoevenagel reactions. The first compound, 2‐Pyr‐ROF, had low quantum yields (QY) of 3.0 % in the solid states. After replacing the pyrrolidinyl with piperidinyl, the resulting 2‐Pip‐ROF had a significantly increased QY, with a value of 28 %. The root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) values between S0 and S1 of 2‐Pyr‐ROF and 2‐Pip‐ROF in tetrahydrofuran were 0.51, 0.35 Å, respectively. As compared with 2‐Pyr‐ROF, compound 2‐Pip‐ROF exhibited a smaller RMSD, which indicated a lower non‐radiative transition rate. A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study and Hirshfeld surfaces analysis revealed that 2‐Pip‐ROF had a more nonplanar molecule structure and a weaker π‐π interaction, which might result in a higher fluorescence intensity and QY. Owing to its better aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior, compound 2‐Pip‐ROF showed more multi‐functional applications, including mechanochromism, acidochromism, and lipid droplets imaging ability. These results imply that the strategy of heterocyclic ring enlargement provides a new paradigm for the design of new luminogens with AIE properties.
Dynamic Covalent Synthesis Applied to Optoelectronic and Energy Materials: Design, Applications and Limitations
Authors: Chatir Elarbi , David Arthur H. G. , Gapin Adèle , Goujon Antoine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDynamic Covalent Chemistry, consisting in the use of dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) to create complex objects by working at the thermodynamic equilibrium, has undeniable advantages for the preparation of conjugated systems with tailored optoelectronic properties for organic electronics. Chemists can combine simple building blocks with simple functional groups of appropriate geometry, structure and stoichiometry to build multidimensional conjugated architectures. Dynamic covalent reactions are often precious metal‐free, generate little to no side products and are very efficient. DCBs however afford sensitive materials, and consequently a balance needs to be found between the ease of synthesis, the stability and the performances. The dynamicity of the target materials hence can considerably reduce their applicability in organic electronics where strongly stable materials are needed, but opens the door to stimuli‐responsive behaviour and recyclability. A way to overcome dynamicity issues is to lock DCBs, but often at the cost of decreased conjugation. In this review, we will highlight how DCBs are employed to prepare functional optoelectronically active materials, such as discrete molecules, polymers or covalent organic frameworks, applied in fields ranging from organic light‐emitting diodes and solar cells to organic batteries and transistors. We will also discuss their limitations, benefits and the current challenges to overcome.
Visible‐Light Promoted Minisci–Type Cyanoalkylation of Azauracils via C−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Xiang Chengli , Yu Sheng , Fei Haiyang , Pan Changduo , Yu Jin‐Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA photo‐induced Minisci–type cyanoalkylation of azauracils was developed under metal‐free and base‐free conditions. Readily available cyclobutanone oxime esters were used as the cyanoalkylating reagents via C−C bond cleavage to generate the γ‐cyanoalkyl azauracil derivatives in good to moderate yields. The introduced cyano group can be easily converted into many other functional groups, thus makes current protocol more practical.
A dual‐reference study design for understanding and improving AAV genome size analysis
Authors: Sun Yali , Lu Zhi‐xiang , Miller Michael , Valcour Ying , Khimani Anis H , Bauer Jana , Salomon Michael , Tong Yanhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) is the leading platform of gene delivery for its long‐lasting gene transformation and low immunogenicity. Characterization of the integrity and purity of the rAAV genome is critical to ensure clinical potency and safety. However, current rAAV genome characterization methods that can provide size assessment are either time‐consuming or not easily accessible to general labs. Additionally, there is a lack of right reference standard for analyzing long single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) fragments. Here, we have developed an ssDNA assay on a microfluidic capillary electrophoresis platform using ssDNA reference standard. This assay provides size calling for ssDNA fragment, a detection sensitivity at ∼89 pg/µL (3 × 1010 GC/mL AAV) for 5.1 kb ssDNA fragment, and a turnaround time at ∼100 s per sample with a high throughput sample analyzing capability. Moreover, we have observed that the annealing of AAV ssDNA subsequent to its release from the capsid might introduce an additional double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) peak. This phenomenon is dependent on the sample processing workflow. To avoid the risk of mischaracterization, we recommend the use of dual‐reference standards in combination with other orthogonal methods to have a comprehensive understanding of the rAAV genome size and integrity.
Damage mechanisms and recent research advances in Ni‐rich layered cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Chen Kai , Cai Wenqin , Hu Zhihua , Huang Qingke , Wang Ao , Zeng Zeng , Song Jiahao , Sun Yan , Kong Qingquan , Feng Wei , Chen Ting , Wu Zhenguo , Song Yang , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNickel‐rich cathode is considered to be the cathode material that can solve the short‐range problem of electric vehicles with excellent electrochemical properties and low price. However, microcracks, lithium–nickel hybridization, and irreversible phase transitions during cycling limit their commercial applications. These issues should be resolved by modifications. In recent years, it has been favored by researchers to solve a large number of problems by combining multiple modification strategies. Therefore, this paper reviews recent developments in various modification techniques for nickel‐rich cathode materials that have improved their electrochemical characteristics. The summary of multiple modifications of nickel‐rich materials will play a guiding role in future development.
Deformable nanocarriers for enhanced drug delivery and cancer therapy
Authors: Cao Ziyang , Liu Jing , Yang Xianzhu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, the field of nanomedicine has witnessed substantial advancements in the development of nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery, emerges as promising platforms to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize adverse effects associated with conventional chemotherapy. Notably, deformable nanocarriers have garnered considerable attention due to their unique capabilities of size changeable, tumor‐specific aggregation, stimuli‐triggered disintegration, and morphological transformations. These deformable nanocarriers present significant opportunities for revolutionizing drug delivery strategies, by responding to specific stimuli or environmental cues, enabling achieved various functions at the tumor site, including size‐shrinkage nanocarriers enhance drug penetration, aggregative nanocarriers enhance retention effect, disintegrating nanocarriers enable controlled drug release, and shape‐changing nanocarriers improve cellular uptake, allowing for personalized treatment approaches and combination therapies. This review provides an overview of recent developments and applications of deformable nanocarriers for enhancing tumor therapy, underscores the diverse design strategies employed to create deformable nanocarriers and elucidates their remarkable potential in targeted tumor therapy.