bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition of Methylamine over Ruthenium Black
Authors: Orita Hideo , Naito Shuichi , Onishi Takaharu , Tamaru Kenzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The decomposition of methylamine over Ru black was investigated in the presence and absence of hydrogen, and the dependence of reaction rate on the pressures of reactants was also examined. Methylamine decomposes rapidly to gaseous ammonia and deposited carbon species (CHx(a)) over clean Ru black in the absence of hydrogen. The hydrogenation of CHx(a) after the decomposition of amines produced hydrocarbons in the range C1–C4 whose distribution was dependent on the way CHx(a) was accumulated.
Amorphous Ni–Ti and Ni–Zr Alloys for Water Electrolysis Cathode Materials
Authors: Machida Ken-ichi , Enyo Michio , Toyoshima Isamu , Miyahara Koshiro , Kai Kenzo , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Amorphous Ni–Ti and Ni–Zr alloys for their possible use in water electrolysis cathode materials were investigated. The hydrogen electrode reaction in 1 M NaOH (1 M= 1 mol dm−3) proceeds via the Volmer-Tafel reaction route with mixed rate-determining characteristics. The electrocatalytic activity is augmented significantly with a treatment of the alloy electrodes with aq HF. Thus, the exchange current density reaches 10−3A cm−2 (apparent) at 303 K. The activation energy values are 9.4, 5.5, and 6.1 kcal mol−1 (1 cal=4.184J) for the Volmer and Tafel step and the overall reaction, respectively. Surface analyses of the electrodes have indicated that such a high activity is caused by a stable porous Ni layer which is formed on the surface by the acid treatment. Such a porous Ni layer was not effectively formed if the alloys were in crystalline states.
Phase Equilibria in the Ln2O3–V2O3–V2O5 (Ln=Eu and Yb) Systems at 1200 °C
Authors: Kitayama Kenzo , Sou Hidehiko , Katsura Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phase equilibria in the systems, Eu2O3–V2O3–V2O5 and Yb2O3–V2O3–V2O5, were established at 1200 °C by changing the oxygen partial pressure from −0.68 (air) to −13.00 atm in terms of logPo2. In the Eu2O3–V2O3–V2O5 system, 0.81Eu2O3·0.19V2O5 (Eu1.62V0.38O3.38) was stable; in the Yb2O3–V2O3–V2O5 system, a new compound Yb7V3O16 was stable; and in both systems Ln2O3, LnVO4, LnVO3, VnO2n−1(n=2–7), and VO2 were stable under the present experimental conditions. On the basis of the established phase diagrams, Gibbs energies of these reactions, 31/50 Eu2O3+19/50 EuVO3+19/100 O2= Eu1.62V0.38O3.38, EuVO3+1/2O2= EuVO4, 2 Yb2O3+ 3 YbVO3+1/2O2=Yb7V3O16, Yb7V3O16+O2=2 Yb2O3+ 3 YbVO4, and YbVO3+1/2O2=YbVO4, were determined to be −58.9, −126.0, −134.0, −210.0, and −117.7 kJ respectively. EuVO4, Eu1.62V0.38O3.38, YbVO4, Yb7V3O16, V2O3, and VO2 have nonstoichiometric compositions.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of μ-Imidazolato-bis{[tris(2-methylthioethyl)amine]copper(II)}perchlorate
Authors: Suzuki Masatatsu , Ueda Ikuhiko , Kanatomi Hajime , Murase Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure of the title complex, [Cu2(NS2-Me)2im](ClO4)3, has been determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method, where NS3-Me is tris(2-methylthioethyl)amine and im is imidazolate anion. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a with a unit cell with the dimensions of a=13.114(3), b=28.045(6), c=10.481(2) Å, β=98.70(2)°, V=3810.2(13) Å3, and Z=4. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method. The residual R value was 0.0594 for 4431 independent reflections. The coordination geometries of the two copper atoms are different from each other; the Cu(1) is in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with three sulfur atoms in the equatorial plane and two nitrogen atoms in the axial positions, while the coordination geometry of the Cu(2) can be best described as an intermediate between a trigonal bipyramidal and a square pyramid. The intramolecular Cu(1)···Cu(2) distance is 5.930(2) Å. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility data showed a strong antiferromagnetic exchange interaction with a coupling constant –J=63 cm−1. The Cu(1)–N(1)–C(1) and Cu(2)–N(2)–C(1) angles, which have been considered to be related to the magnitude of the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction, are 132.1(5) and 127.0(6)°, respectively. The magnetism of the complex is discussed in connection with the structural data.
Alkyd Resin Paint as a New Membrane Material of Ion-selective Electrode
Authors: Katsu Takashi , Togawa Keiko , Fujita Yuzaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new membrane material, alkyd resin paint, was used for a silver iodide-based ion-selective electrode. The electrode was easily prepared in the laboratory by mixing silver iodide precipitate and alkyd resin paint. The electrode responded to both iodide and silver ions with the deviations from a Nernstian response due to adsorption and desorption of ions. Silver ions tended to adsorb more strongly on the electrode surface. The preparation and properties of the present electrode are described in view of an analytical utilization of the electrode.
The Solvent Effects on the Photochemical Isomerization of 5-Cyano-5H-benzocycloheptene
Authors: Kobayashi Hisako , Takatoku Keizo , Kato Masahiko , Miwa Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical reaction of 5-cyano-5H-benzocycloheptene (1b) has been studied kinetically in various solvents. The main reactions were (1) a 1,7-hydrogen shift, with simultaneous cyclization, to give 7b-cyanola,7b-dihydro-1H-cyclopropa[a]naphthalene and (2) a 4π-electrocyclic ring closure to give cyclobutenes. The former reaction was found to show rather complicated solvent effects, but the latter was accelerated in less polar solvents. The conformational equilibrium between exo- and endo-forms was also observed in the NMR spectra of 1b under various conditions. From a consideration of the solvent effects on the product distribution, the ground-state conformations of 1b could be reflected in the ratio of the exo and endo forms of the cyclization products.
One-step Synthesis of Long-chain Aliphatic α,ω-Dicarboxylic Acids Utilizing the Copper-catalyzed Reaction of β-Propiolactone with α,ω,-Di-Grignard Reagents
Authors: Fujisawa Tamotsu , Sato Toshio , Kawara Tatsuo , Tago Hideyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Copper-catalyzed reaction of β-propiolactone with α,ω-di-Grignard reagents, followed by esterification gave six-carbon homologated α,ω-dicarboxylic acid esters in good yields.
The Reaction Nitrile Oxides with Alkyl- and Alkyl-halo-substituted p-Benzoquinones
Authors: Shiraishi Shinsaku , Holla B Shivarama , Imamura Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various aromatic nitrile N-oxides, sterically stabilized and unstabilized ones, were allowed to react with several alkyl- and alkyl-halo-substituted p-benzoquinones with a view to studying the influence of quinone substituents on the mode of the addition reaction. Mono-, di-, and tri-substituted quinones with such substituents gave isoxazoline derivatives formed through addition of nitrile oxides to the C=C bond of the quinones. 2-Chloro-5- and -6-methyl-p-benzoquinones gave two kinds of C=C adducts, one formed through the addition to the C=C of methyl-substituted side and the other to that of chlorine-substituted side, and the latter adducts were not isolable due to the prompt dehydrochlorination forming the fully-conjugated isoxazoloquinones and subsequent C=O addition of another nitrile N-oxide forming spirodioxazole derivatives.
Mechanism of the Photooxidation of and Photoepoxidation with Cyclic α-Diketones
Authors: Sawaki Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photooxidation of phenanthrenequinone (PhQ) under oxygen afforded diphenic acid and its peroxy acid, while acenaphthenequinone (AcQ) predominantly yielded 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride. The photolysis of PhQ or AcQ in the presence of olefins afforded predominantly 1 : 1 cycloadducts and the photoepoxidation was a very minor one accompanying significant amount of C–C cleavage of olefins. These results show that the photoreaction of PhQ, or AcQ with olefins is very fast and competitive with the quenching and/or reaction with oxygen. The photoepoxidation of stilbene in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in a high selectivity (&gt;98%) for the trans-epoxide. The same was true for the epoxide formed in the coautoxidation of benzaldehyde and stilbene. These facts suggest that the photoepoxidation with cyclic α-diketones as a minor reaction proceeds chiefly by way of acylperoxyl radical, accompanying the epoxidation with peroxy acids produced concomitantly. Mechanisms of the photooxidation of and photoepoxidation with the cyclic diketones are discussed in comparison with the case of acyclic diketones.
Sweetness of Hesperetin Dihydrochalcone Derivatives Linked to ω-Amino Acid or Its Oligomer
Authors: Kawai Masao , Kuwabara Kyoko , Kimura Ritsuko , Sekido Sachiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Derivatives of hesperetin dihydrochalcone having ω-amino acid, oligoglycine, or oligo-(γ-aminobutyric acid) were synthesized and tasted. The hydrophobicity of the introduced group is important for understanding the structure-sweet taste relationship of these compounds, though other factors than hydrophobicity also must be taken into account.
C-Sulfinylation of Grignard Reagents and Enamines with Sulfinic Acid
Authors: Noguchi Yoshihide , Kurogi Kenkichi , Sekioka Minako , Furukawa Mitsuru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Direct C-sulfinylation of Grignard reagents with sulfinic acid (4) in the presence of activating reagents, such as phenyl phosphorodichloridate (1), diphenyl phosphorochloridate (2), and 3-phthalimidooxy-l,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide, were investigated. β-Keto sulfoxides were also formed by the reaction of enamines with 4 using 1 and 2 under similar conditions.
Physicochemical Studies of Alkali Metal Solutions in Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Lagoste Jacques , Schué Francois 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We have studied the rate of alkali metal dissolution in THF as a function of its nature and of the cryptand (C). The selectivity has been estimated through the equilibrium constant of the following equilibrium:
M−+C\leftrightarrowsM+C+2esolv.−
Both ΔH° and ΔS° for this reaction are negative. The entropy decrease reveals that the sum of the energies bonds between the cation and the ligand and the electrons and the solvent is higher than that necessary to desolvate and dissociate M−.
Production of Ethylene and Propylene by the Vapor-phase Catalytic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Butane with Carbonyl Sulfide
Authors: Akimoto Masamichi , Sakatani Takashi , Echigoya Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ethylene and propylene were produced at high yields, additionally to butenes and butadiene, by the vapor-phase oxidative dehydrogenation of butane with COS over SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, and TiO2 catalysts at 873–923 K. The results of kinetic and mechanistic studies indicate that ethylene and propylene are produced by the oxidative dehydrogenation through a homolytic mechanism followed by β-scission of the carbon–carbon bond.
One-pot Synthesis of Acid Anhydrides from Acids Using N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylchloroformamidinium Chloride under Mild Conditions
Authors: Fujisawa Tamotsu , Tajima Kazuhisa , Sato Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylchloroformamidinium chloride reacted smoothly with a variety of carboxylic and phosphoric acids in the presence of a tertiary amine to give the corresponding acid anhydrides in high yields.
Palladium Catalyzed Reaction of Trimethylsilyltributyltin with α-Halo Ketones. Preparation of Enol Silyl Ethers
Authors: Kosugi Masanori , Ohya Takao , Migita Toshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of trimethylsilyltributyltin with α-halo ketone in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium chloride plus twice molar amounts of trimethyl phosphite gave enol silyl ethers in good yields.
Charge-carrier Transport in Nematic 2-(p-Decyloxybenzylideneamino)-9-Fluorenone
Authors: Okamoto Ken-ichi , Nakajima Shu , Itaya Akira , Kusabayashi Shigekazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-(p-Decyloxybenzylideneamino)-9-nuorenone (DBAF), with a large π-electronic group, showed a transient photocurrent induced by the strongly-absorbed light from a N2 gas laser in the nematic, monotropic smectic, and isotropic liquid states. This photocurrent seemed to be due to the space-charge-limited current. The drift mobilities of the positive and negative charge carriers (μp and μn respectively) were determined from the peak time. The μn was ten times larger than μp, while the activation energies were identical. The modified Walden rule was valid in the nematic state ranging from 90 °C to 135 °C. The nematic mixtures of DBAF and N-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-p-butylaniline also showed a similar transient photocurrent, the magnitude of which increased significantly with an increase in the DBAF content. The mobilities were independent of the DBAF content and were nearly equal to those in nematic DBAF at the same viscosity, η: that is, μn=3×105, and μp=2.5×10−6 cm2/V s at η=0.026 Pa s. These facts indicate that the nature of the carrier transport of the photoconduction is not electronic, but ionic. The O2− and the cation radical of DBAF are proposed as the ionic carrier species for both nematic DBAF and the nematic mixtures.
Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relations of Supercooled Liquid and Glass of Triphenylchloromethane/o-Terphenyl Mixture
Authors: Naoki Motosuke , Matsushita Manabu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Volumetric data on the supercooled liquid state and on the glassy state are reported for a binary mixture of triphenylchloromethane and o-terphenyl. In the supercooled liquid state, the thermal expansivity, the isothermal compressibility, and their temperature dependences of the mixture are much samller than those of simple molecular liquids and are almost the same order of magnitude as those of polymer liquids. The glass of the mixture also closely resembles polymer glasses in the apparent thermodynamic properties. Some representative lattice-like liquid theories are applied to the pressure-volume-temperature relations of the supercooled liquid sample, with the aid of the principle of corresponding states.
Photochromic Behavior of Schiff Base–Metal Complexes. I. Photoinduced Hydrolysis of Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate- and Salicylaldehyde-α-amino Acid–Zinc(II) Complexes
Authors: Kurauchi Yoshiaki , Ohga Kazuya , Yokoyama Akihiko , Morita Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-α-amino acid–Zn(II) complexes and their salicylaldehyde analogues showed photochromic behavior in borate buffer at pH 9.5. A detailed comparison of UV spectral changes during the thermal back reaction with those for the complex formation indicates that the photoexcitation of the complexes induces the hydrolysis of the Schiff base ligands and that the back reaction corresponds to regeneration of the complexes.
Interaction of Cationic Dye and Anionic Detergent above and below the Critical Micelle Concentration as Revealed by Fluorescence Characteristics
Authors: Sato Hiroyasu , Kawasaki Masahiro , Kasatani Kazuo , Nakashima Nobuaki , Yoshihara Keitaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The interaction of 3,3′-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide, a cationic dye, with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic detergent, was studied as a function of the concentration of SDS ([SDS]) above and below the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The [SDS]-dependent fluorescence spectra, quantum yield and decay measurements revealed the deaggregation of the dye above the cmc and the formation of the dye–SDS aggregate below the cmc.
Transient Intermediate Produced from 5-Aminouracil in Reaction with Dichloride Anion Radical
Authors: Masuda Takahiro , Gunji Ryoji , Kimura Takako , Yamauchi Kotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A transient absorption, which is relatively long-lived, was found in a flash photolysis of aqueous potassium chloride containing 5-aminouracil. The transient absorption with a peak at about 335 nm was assigned to an intermediate produced from 5-aminouracil through a one-electron oxidation by dichloride anion radical. For the intermediate, a possible structure is proposed to explain its long life-time. On the basis of the transient absorption, a determination of the rate constant for the reaction of 5-aminouracil with dichloride anion radical was carried out by use of a competition kinetics. The value of (2.9±0.2)×108 dm3 mol−1 s−1 was obtained as the rate constant on the basis of rate constants of several reference compounds. By comparing the values obtained by the competition method with those estimated by a direct analysis of the decay rate of dichloride anion radical, the validity of the competition method was examined.
Pyrolytic Sulfurization Gas Chromatography. XV. Simultaneous Determination of the Atomic Ratio between C, H, O, and N in an Organophosphorus Compound
Authors: Hara Tadashi , Fujinaga Kaoru , Okui Fujio , Arai Akihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to confirm whether or not pyrolytic sulfurization gas chromatography can be applied to organophos-phorus compounds, many kinds of organophosphorus compounds were examined; C-rich compounds gave satisfactory results while C-poor ones gave lower oxygen values. The application limit of this method to various organophosphorus compounds was determined by the use of the C/O value and a structural factor for a sample, and the application limit was established. The structural factor of a sample varied with the kind of X1, X2, X3, and X4 in the general formula X1X2X3P=X4, where X1=OH, OR, R; X2=OH, OR′, R′; X3=OH, OR″, R″; and X4=O, S.
Development of Hydrogen Ion Selective Electrode with Lithium Phosphate Glasses for the Use in Solutions Containing Hydrofluoric Acid
Authors: Nomura Tsuyoshi , Nakagawa Genkichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to determine reproducible and stable potential response conditions of the hydrogen ion in hydrofluoric acid solutions, lithium phosphate glass membranes of various constituents were developed. The glass membranes contained various metal oxides: Ag2O, Li2O, P2O5, MgO, BeO, WO2, and Al2O3. The response characteristics of the glass electrode depend strongly on the glass compositions. For the examination of the selectivity coefficient and the electrode function of hydrogen ion activities, the glass composition of 10 Ag2O : 20 Li2O : 50 P2O5 : 10 MgO : 10 WO2 is the most suitable one. The potential response is linear over the hydrogen ion activities of (100.3–10−4) mol/dm3, and has a slope of 44.5 mV/decade change in the hydrogen ion activity at 20 °C. The dynamic response time was within a minute in the range 10−1 to 10−4 mol/dm3. The intereference of the various cations on the activity of about 0.1 mol/dm3 can be ignored during the determination of the hydrogen ion activities at pH below 3. Physical and chemical properties, such as glass transition temperature, softening temperature, thermal expansion, membrane resistance, and chemical durability were measured and compared with those of other glasses.
One-step Synthesis of (2-Amino-2-carboxyethylthio)dopas (Cys-dopas) from Dopa and Cysteine by Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Iron–EDTA Complex
Authors: Ito Shosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
5-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethylthio)dopa, 2-(2-amino-2-carboxyethylthio)dopa, and 2,5-bis(2-amino-2-carboxyethylthio)dopa were synthesized from dopa and cysteine by oxidation in a neutral buffer with H2O2 in the presence of iron–EDTA complex. H2O2, iron salt, and EDTA were essential for the reaction. Ultimate oxidizing species seem to be hydroxyl and superoxide radicals.
Synthesis and Properties of Cationic Polynucleotide Analog Binding RNase A
Authors: Shimidzu Takeo , Murakami Akira , Yamana Kazushige 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new type of cationic polynucleotide analog binding RNase A and its related compounds were synthesized from an insoluble cross-linked poly(4-vinylpyridine). The cross-linked poly(4-vinylpyridine) was converted into an aldehyde derivative by the reaction with cyanogen bromide. The aldehyde derivative was used for the binding of RNase A and 9-(2-aminoethyl)adenine through their amino groups. The cationic adenine polynuleotide analog binding RNase A favorably interacted with nucleotides containing uracil base through the base-specific interactions. This analog showed the considerable selectivity in the hydrolysis of uridine polynucleotide owing to the template effect.
Constituents of the Root Bark of Ailanthus altissima SWingle. Isolation and X-Ray Crystal Structures of Shinjudilactone and Shinjulactone C and Conversion of Ailanthone into Shinjudilactone
Authors: Ishibashi Masami , Tsuyuki Takahiko , Murae Tatsushi , Hirota Hiroshi , Takahashi Takeyoshi , Itai Akiko , Iitaka Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two new quassinoids, shinjudilactone and shinjulactone C were isolated from the root bark of Ailanthus altissima SWingle and their structures were established to be 1β,11α-dihydroxy-2,16-dioxo-13(12→11α)abeo-picras-3-en-12,20-olide and 1α,12α : 5α,13α-dicyclo-1β,12β,20-trihydroxy-9βH-picras-3-ene-2,11,16-trione, respectively, by X-ray diffraction analysis. Shinjudilactone was prepared from ailanthone by benzilic acid rearrangement.
Structure Determination of Bitter Principles in Ailanthus altissima. Structure of Shinjulactone A and Revised Structure of Ailanthone
Authors: Naora Hirokazu , Ishibashi Masami , Furuno Tetsuo , Tsuyuki Takahiko , Murae Tatsushi , Hirota Hiroshi , Takahashi Takeyoshi , Itai Akiko , Iitaka Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure of a new bitter principle, shinjulactone A, isolated from Ailanthus altissima SWingle was determined to be 11β,20-epoxy-1β,2α,11α,12α-tetrahydroxypicrasa-3,13(21)-dien-16-one and the configuration of a hydroxyl group at C-12 of ailanthone was revised to α-orientation by X-ray analysis.
Chemiluminescences in the Carbon Monoxide–Active Nitrogen System
Authors: Washida Nobuaki , Bandow Hiroshi , Inoue Gen 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Chemiluminescences produced in the reaction of CO with active nitrogen were measured in the region from infrared to vacuum ultraviolet. The infrared emission from vibrationally excited CO was measured by means of a FTIR spectrometer. A vibrationally excited CO up to v″=18 was observed. The quenching and relaxation of vibrationally excited CO were measured by the addition of other gasses. The formation of carbon atoms was observed by the absorption of carbon resonance lines, and the recombination reaction of C+N+M→CN*+M is proposed as the mechanism of the violet and red emission of CN. The reaction of CO*(a3Π)+CO\eweq→C+CO2 is proposed as the carbon-atom source. The emission of the fourth positive band of CO was observed in the vacuum UV region. The effect of self-absorption by the vibrationally excited CO was reduced by the addition of CO2. It is suggested that the apparent abnormal vibrational distribution in CO(A1Π) can be reduced by considering the effect of the quenching of CO(A1Π).
NMR Lanthanoid-probe Analyses of Conformational Properties of 8,2′-S-Cycloadenosine 3′-Monophosphate in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Oida Tetsuya , Uesugi Seiichi , Ikehara Morio , Miyazawa Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The advanced method of NMR lanthanoid-probe analyses was used for studying the molecular conformations of 8,2′-anhydro-8-thio-9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (8,2′-S-cycloadenosine) 3′-monophosphate in aqueous solution. From the observed ratios of Pr(III)-induced shifts, Gd(III)-enhanced relaxation rates as well as vicinal spin-coupling constants, the most probable values (and standard deviations) of the fractional populations of the local conformations for the C5′–C4′ bond, sugar ring, C3′–O3′ bond, and O3′–P bond and the internal rotation angles of the two forms about the C3′–O3′ bond were determined by the program COFLEM. The internal rotation equilibrium about the C3′-O3′ bond was found to be interrelated with the puckering of the sugar ring. The advanced lanthanoid probe method is thus useful for the analyses of the conformational characteristics of cyclonucleotides as well as of unmodified nucleotides in aqueous solution.