bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting river water temperatures using stochastic models: case study of the Moisie River (Québec, Canada)
Authors: Ahmadi‐Nedushan Behrouz , St‐Hilaire André , Ouarda Taha B. M. J. , Bilodeau Laurent , Robichaud Élaine , Thiémonge Nathalie , Bobée Bernard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSuccessful applications of stochastic models for simulating and predicting daily stream temperature have been reported in the literature. These stochastic models have been generally tested on small rivers and have used only air temperature as an exogenous variable. This study investigates the stochastic modelling of daily mean stream water temperatures on the Moisie River, a relatively large unregulated river located in Québec, Canada. The objective of the study is to compare different stochastic approaches previously used on small streams to relate mean daily water temperatures to air temperatures and streamflow indices. Various stochastic approaches are used to model the water temperature residuals, representing short‐term variations, which were obtained by subtracting the seasonal components from water temperature time‐series. The first three models, a multiple regression, a second‐order autoregressive model, and a Box and Jenkins model, used only lagged air temperature residuals as exogenous variables. The root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) for these models varied between 0·53 and 1·70 °C and the second‐order autoregressive model provided the best results.A statistical methodology using best subsets regression is proposed to model the combined effect of discharge and air temperature on stream temperatures. Various streamflow indices were considered as additional independent variables, and models with different number of variables were tested. The results indicated that the best model included relative change in flow as the most important streamflow index. The RMSE for this model was of the order of 0·51 °C, which shows a small improvement over the first three models that did not include streamflow indices. The ridge regression was applied to this model to alleviate the potential statistical inadequacies associated with multicollinearity. The amplitude and sign of the ridge regression coefficients seem to be more in agreement with prior expectations (e.g. positive correlation between water temperature residuals of different lags) and make more physical sense. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneous microsatellite instability observed within epithelium of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ozaki Kazuhide , Nagasaka Takeshi , Notohara Kenji , Kambara Takeshi , Takeda Masanori , Sasamoto Hiromi , Jass Jeremy R. , Tanaka Noriaki , Matsubara Nagahide 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMicrosatellite instability (MSI) has been associated with colitic cancer. However, reported frequency of MSI was varied and the association of MSI with mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency was unclear. In addition, the occurrence of genetic alterations in stromal cells within ulcerative colitis (UC) is still controversial. We therefore sampled 164 microareas in various pathological lesions of UC with or without colitic cancer and studied the MSI status in relation to the DNA repair protein expressions. A total of 129 microfoci from colorectal tissue of 5 colitic cancer patients and 35 microfoci of 7 UC patients (without neoplasm) were carefully sampled by laser‐capture microdissection. MSI was analyzed in each microsamples. The protein expression of MMR genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6), O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase and p53 were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. Variety of di‐nulcleotide microsatellite markers was altered in individual microfoci from different morphological epithelial lesions, in full range of nonneoplastic epithelium to colitic cancer. Interestingly, MSI was not observed in stromal cells at any sites, including those within colitic cancer/dysplasia lesions. Expression of the MMR proteins was not lost in any of the lesions examined. Microsatellite alterations rather seem to be related to the initiation than to the progression of colitic cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circulating enterolactone and risk of endometrial cancer
Authors: Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte Anne , Lundin Eva , Micheli Andrea , Koenig Karen L. , Lenner Per , Muti Paola , Shore Roy E. , Johansson Ingegerd , Krogh Vittorio , Lukanova Annekatrin , Stattin Pär , Afanasyeva Yelena , Rinaldi Sabina , Arslan Alan A. , Kaaks Rudolf , Berrino Franco , Hallmans Göran , Toniolo Paolo , Adlercreutz Herman 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIt has been suggested that phytoestrogens protect against hormone‐dependent cancers. Lignans are the main class of phytoestrogens in Western diets. We conducted a prospective study of endometrial cancer and circulating levels of the main human lignan, enterolactone. The design was a case–control study nested within 3 prospective cohort studies, in New York, Sweden and Italy. Serum or plasma samples had been collected at enrollment and stored at −80°C. A total of 153 cases, diagnosed a median of 5.3 years after blood donation, and 271 matched controls were included. No difference in circulating enterolactone was observed between cases (median, 19.2 nmol/L) and controls (18.5 nmol/L). Adjusting for body mass index, the odds ratio for the top tertile of enterolactone, as compared to the lowest was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.7–2.0; p for trend = 0.53). Lack of association was observed in both pre‐ and postmenopausal women. No correlation was observed between enterolactone and circulating estrogens or SHBG in healthy postmenopausal women. These results do not support a protective role of circulating lignans, in the range of levels observed, against endometrial cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soluble MIC is elevated in the serum of patients with pancreatic carcinoma diminishing γδ T cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Märten Angela , von Lilienfeld‐Toal Marie , Büchler Markus W. , Schmidt Jan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIntestinal cells express MHC related molecules termed MICA/MICB, which are up‐regulated under stress and in many gastrointestinal tumors. These molecules can be recognized by the immunoreceptor NKG2D, which is present on NK and γδ T cells. Release of MIC molecules from the cell surface is thought to constitute an immune escape mechanism of tumor cells. The immediate effect of soluble MIC (sMIC) on cellular cytotoxicity of γδ T cells is yet not investigated. We determined sMIC levels in sera of patients with pancreatic carcinoma and the expression of MIC on the surface of tumor cells by FACS. The effect of sMIC content in patient serum on cellular cytotoxicity of γδ T and NK cells was investigated by cytotoxicity assays. Subsequently, the effect of IFN‐α treatment on MIC expression, release and cellular cytotoxicity was investigated. Pancreatic carcinoma cells express MIC, and patient sera contain elevated sMIC levels that correlate with tumor stage and differentiation. Furthermore, cellular cytotoxicity of γδ T cells and NK cells against pancreatic carcinoma is impaired by sMIC in patient sera which is prevented by sMIC neutralization. Incubation of pancreatic cancer cells with IFN‐α increases MIC expression without induction of sMIC resulting in enhanced lysis of tumor cells. Our results demonstrate that sMIC impairs NKG2D‐mediated immunity against pancreatic carcinoma by directly diminishing cytotoxicity of γδ T cells and NK cells. IFN‐α, which is used in adjuvant treatment of pancreatic carcinoma, might partly act via up‐regulation of MIC without induction of sMIC release. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germline mutations and polymorphic variants in MMR, E‐cadherin and MYH genes associated with familial gastric cancer in Jiangsu of China
Authors: Zhang Yuanying , Liu Xiaorong , Fan Yimei , Ding Jianhua , Xu Ailing , Zhou Xuefu , Hu Xu , Zhu Ming , Zhang Xiaomei , Li Suping , Wu Jianzhong , Cao Haixia , Li Jintian , Wang Yaping 
Published: August 2006

AbstractGermline mutations in MSH2, MLH1, E‐cadherin and MutY (MYH) genes have been implicated in the occurrence of gastric cancer (GC). Epidemiological investigation was performed by recruiting patients with GC onset during 2002 in Jiangsu province, China. We identified suspected hereditary GC patients based on either the GC family history or GC onset at early ages. We have screened germline variations in 101 suspected hereditary GC patients at the coding sequences of MSH2, MLH1, E‐cadherin and MYH genes with polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (PCR‐DHPLC) analysis and DNA sequencing. The result showed that about 40% of patients carried germline variations, predominantly with missense mutations. Of the variations detected are 2 base pair substitutions, c.53C > T and c.74G > A, which is predicted to generate missense mutations of p.Pro18Leu and p.Gly25Asp, respectively, and occurred at the same allele of MYH gene. The frequency of variant haplotype T/A in patients was higher than that in the control group (p = 0.021, odds ratio [OR] = 4.43, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.33–14.72). Difference in the frequency of the silent mutation p.Asn751Asn in E‐cadherin gene was also found between patients and controls (p = 0.009, OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.30–4.95). Moreover, 6 types of variations were detected in MSH2 and MLH1 genes in 14 of 101 patients. Most of them occurred at exon7 of MSH2, frequently c.1168C > T, resulting in mutation of p.Leu390Phe. In summary, germline mutation at MSH2, MLH1, E‐cadherin and MYH genes is a frequent event in the familial GC. They may form a genetic basis for the familial GC susceptibility in Chinese population. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The nuclear DNA repair protein Ku70/80 is a tumor‐associated antigen displaying rapid receptor mediated endocytosis
Authors: Fransson Johan , Borrebaeck Carl A.K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTo be of therapeutic relevance, a tumor‐associated antigen should be expressed on the surface of neoplastic cells but not, or to a significantly lower extent, on cells of non‐transformed nature. The Ku heterodimer (Ku70/80) is involved in DNA double strand break recognition and repair and is ubiquitously expressed in the nucleus of all cells. However, its exclusive nuclear localization has been reassessed by studies that demonstrate Ku to be expressed on the surface of tumor cell lines, displaying functions in cell adhesion, migration and invasion. In this study, we add another feature to the pluripotent role of Ku70/80 by showing that, upon binding the novel human recombinant antibody INCA‐X, the Ku70/80 heterodimer is internalized into pancreatic carcinoma cells. The receptor‐mediated endocytosis of Ku70/80 is rapid (t1/2 12 min) and extensive (90% of the receptor pool inside the cell after 100 min) as measured by rotating radioimmunoassay. Ku70/80 was also successfully used as a port of entry for cytotoxic payloads to tumor cells of various origin, as determined by indirect immunotoxin administration of a saporin‐conjugated, secondary anti‐human antibody. Thus, the internalization properties of the Ku70/80 suggest a potential role of this tumor associated antigen in selective drug‐delivery in several human malignancies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional studies of the chromosome 3p21.3 candidate tumor suppressor gene BLU/ZMYND10 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yau Wing Lung , Lung Hong Lok , Zabarovsky Eugene R. , Lerman Michael I. , Sham Jonathan Shun‐tong , Chua Daniel Tsin‐tien , Tsao Sai Wah , Stanbridge Eric J. , Lung Maria Li 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChromosome 3p plays an important role in tumorigenesis in many cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We have previously shown chromosome 3p can suppress tumor growth in vivo by using the monochromosome transfer approach, which indicated the chromosome 3p21.3 region was critical for tumor suppression. BLU/ZMYND10 is one of the candidate tumor suppressor genes mapping in the 3p21.3 critical region and is a candidate TSG for NPC. By quantitative RT‐PCR, it is frequently downregulated in NPC cell lines (83%) and NPC biopsies (80%). However, no functional studies have yet verified the functional role of BLU/ZMYND10 as a tumor suppressor gene. In the current study, a gene inactivation test (GIT) utilizing a tetracycline regulation system was used to study the functional role of BLU/ZMYND10. When BLU/ZMYND10 is expressed in the absence of doxycycline, the stable transfectants were able to induce tumor suppression in nude mice. In contrast, downregulation of BLU/ZMYND10 in these tumor suppressive clones by doxycycline treatment restored the tumor formation ability. This study provides the first significant evidence to demonstrate BLU/ZMYND10 can functionally suppress tumor formation in vivo and is, therefore, likely to be one of the candidate tumor suppressor genes involved in NPC. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kaposi's sarcoma risk among transplant recipients in the United States (1993–2003)
Authors: Mbulaiteye Sam M. , Engels Eric A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma (KS) risk is high in immunosuppressed transplant recipients. KS develops in recipients with pre‐existing infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8), the causative agent for KS, but it can also occur in recipients infected by donors. The relative importance of these sources of infection in recipients in the United States is unknown. We report recipient and donor characteristics associated with KS among transplant recipients in the United States. KS risk, after solid organ transplantation during 1993–2003, was analyzed using data from the Organ Procurement and Tissue Network. Associations were determined using proportional hazards regression. Sixtyfive KS cases were identified among 234,127 transplants (incidence 8.8 per 100,000 person‐years). Most cases occurred in the first 2 years after transplantation (incidence 12.5 per 100,000 person‐years). KS risk increased steadily with recipient age (ptrend < 0.001) and was associated with the recipient being male (HR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.0–3.2), Hispanic (2.1, 1.1–3.8) and a non‐U.S. citizen (3.9, 1.8–8.6). Mismatch at the HLA‐B locus, but not at HLA‐A or HLA‐DR loci, was associated with heightened risk (HR 3.6, 95%CI 1.1–11 for 1–2 vs. 0 HLA‐B mismatches). KS was unrelated to donor characteristics and was not significantly related to use of specific antirejection medications. Our study found that KS incidence was low among transplant recipients in the United States, but it was associated with recipient age, sex and citizenship, perhaps reflecting pre‐existing HHV‐8 infection. The high KS risk immediately posttransplant and in persons with HLA‐B mismatch highlights the role of immunosuppression and/or immune stimulation in KS pathogenesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective multicenter evaluation of fecal tumor pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2‐PK) as a screening biomarker for colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Shastri Yogesh M. , Naumann Marc , Oremek Gerhard M. , Hanisch Ernst , Rösch Wolfgang , Mössner Joachim , Caspary Wolfgang F. , Stein Jürgen M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractProliferating cells, particularly the tumor cells, express a dimeric isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase, termed M2‐PK. It's a direct target of several oncoproteins; the determination of fecal tumor pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2‐PK) might be another promising tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. In this study, we have evaluated fecal M2‐PK as a screening biomarker for colorectal neoplasia. It was compared against fecal occult blood (FOB) and colonoscopy. Three hundred and seventeen consecutive subjects from 4 different centers were included. Stool specimens were collected before purgation, processed appropriately and were tested for FOB and quantitatively analyzed for M2‐PK. Colonoscopies were performed by experienced endoscopists who were unaware of fecal assay results. At cutoff value of 4 U/ml, fecal M2‐PK assay had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 81.1, 86.7, 71.1 and 61.9% respectively for diagnosing CRC whereas FOBT showed a sensitivity of 36.5%, specificity of 92.2%, PPV of 72.9% and NPV of 71.5% for CRC. Such low specificity of fecal M2‐PK will lead to unacceptably high number of false positives if it is used for mass CRC screening, leading to unindicated colonoscopies with its associated inconveniences, risks and costs. CRC screening test must have high specificity; a high sensitivity is not as vital. To conclude, M2‐PK was found to be a poor screening biomarker for CR neoplasia in a subject population at above average risk based on its prospective comparison with colonoscopy. These marginal performance characteristics do not permit its use as a screening tool for CR neoplasia in present clinical settings. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Busulfan loading into poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: Physico‐chemistry and molecular modeling
Authors: Layre Anne‐Magali , Couvreur Patrick , Chacun Hélène , Aymes‐Chodur Caroline , Ghermani Nour‐Eddine , Poupaert Jacques , Richard Joël , Requier Denis , Gref Ruxandra 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe busulfan is an alkylating agent widely used for the treatment of haematological malignancies and nonmalignant disorders. For a long time, it has been available only in an oral form. This treatment leads to a wide variability in bioavailability and side effects such as the veino‐occlusive disease. Thus, an intravenous formulation of busulfan‐loaded nanoparticles may be considered as a major progress. This study deals with busulfan entrapment by nanoprecipitation into five different types of poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) polymers. The polymers leading to the highest busulfan loading efficiencies were poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) and poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate). Molecular modeling along with energy minimization process was employed to identify the nature of the interactions occurring between busulfan and PIBCA. Further, optimization studies enabled to obtain PIBCA nanoparticles displaying busulfan loading ratios equal to 5.9% (w/w) together with nanoparticle yields of 71% (w/w). Since busulfan is a highly reactive molecule, we performed 1H‐NMR spectroscopy experiments showing that chemical integrity of the drug was preserved after loading into nanoparticles. The in vitro release studies under sink conditions, in water, or in rat plasma showed a fast release in the first 10 min followed by a slower one over 6 h. This phenomenon could be explained by the semi‐polar characteristics of busulfan. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Enhancement of the osteogenic efficacy of osteoblast transplantation by the sustained delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor
Authors: Park Min Sun , Kim Sang‐Soo , Cho Seung‐Woo , Choi Cha Yong , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPreviously, the sustained delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been demonstrated to promote bone regeneration in bone defects that had not been treated with osteogenic cell transplantation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the sustained delivery of bFGF could enhance osteoblast transplantation‐mediated ectopic bone formation. Rat osteoblasts and bFGF were mixed with an injectable fibrin matrix and subcutaneously transplanted to rats (cell + bFGF group). The fibrin matrix played roles in both the cell transplantation matrix and the bFGF sustained delivery matrix. The transplantation of osteoblasts suspended in a fibrin matrix without bFGF served as a control. Twelve weeks after transplantation, histological analyses of retrieved transplants showed that new bone formation was more abundant and mature in the cell + bFGF group than in the control group. The bone formation area and the calcium content in the cell + bFGF group were two‐ and nine‐fold higher, respectively, than those in the control group. Enhanced bone formation by the sustained delivery of bFGF may be attributed to the enhanced osteogenic gene expression of the transplanted cells and neovascularization of the transplants, as both mRNA expression of various osteogenic markers and arteriole density in the cell + bFGF group were significantly higher than those in the control group. This study demonstrates that the sustained delivery of bFGF can potentiate ectopic bone regeneration by osteoblast transplantation. This combination therapy may have effective implications for bone regeneration in large bone defects in which extensive osteogenic cell migration and angiogenesis are required. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Influence of adhesive systems and flowable composite lining on bond strength of class II restorations submitted to thermal and mechanical stresses
Authors: Cavalcanti Andrea Nóbrega , Mitsui Fabio Hiroyuki Ogata , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , Marchi Giselle Maria 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adhesive systems and flowable composite lining on bond strength to gingival margins of Class II restorations after thermal/mechanical stresses. Proximal cavities were prepared in 90 bovine incisors. Teeth were assigned into nine groups (n = 10), according to the combination of bonding agent [Single Bond (SB), Optibond Solo Plus (OP), Prime & Bond NT (NT)] and layer (1 mm) of flowable composite Filtek Flow (FF) [absent, one layer, two layers]. Materials were applied according to manufacturers' instructions, and FF layers were photoactivated separately. Restorations were concluded with composite resin and were submitted to thermal (1000×, 5–55°C) and mechanical stresses (100,000×, 80 N). For microtensile evaluation, slabs from the gingival bonded interface were obtained, tested under tension, and their failure mode was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Bond strength data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA/Tukey's test. No interaction was observed between adhesive systems and FF lining (p = 0.89). Also, no significant difference was found between bond strength values, whether or not FF layers were used (p = 0.33). However, bonding systems demonstrated significant differences (p = 0.01). SB and NT presented means higher than those observed with OP. Fracture modes varied considerably between experimental groups, and a greater frequency of cohesive failures was noted when FF layers were used. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Release of gentamicin from bone regenerative materials: An in vitro study
Authors: Teller M. , Gopp U. , Neumann H.‐G. , Kühn K.‐D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAntibiotic loading of bone regenerative materials is a promising way to protect augmentation procedures from infection during the resorption phase of bone substitutes. Especially in the early stage of implantation, it should protect the grafted site against microbiological pathogens. The present study reports the release kinetics of gentamicin after loading from two synthetic bone filling materials. The first, BONITmatrix®, is a biphasic calcium phosphate silica composite obtained by the sol–gel route consisting of 13% silicon dioxide (w/w) and calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate 60/40 w/w). The second, Synthacer®, is a sintered hydroxyapatite ceramic. Gentamicin was loaded by dipping and by vacuum coating. Release kinetics of the loaded Gentamicin was investigated by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and by staphylococcus aureus assay. By dipping, loading failed for Synthacer, and it was 12.7 mg gentamicin per gram bone substitute for BONITmatrix. By vacuum coating, loading was 11.3 mg gentamicin per gram bone substitute for Synthacer and 7.4 mg gentamicin per gram bone substitute for BONITmatrix. Distinct release kinetics were measured. For Synthacer, a high initial release was followed by a lower protracted release level up to 28 days. For BONITmatrix release was continuous over the investigated 70‐day period. The present data suggest that the porosity properties at the nano‐ and microscopic levels, or the composition are responsible for antibiotic loading and subsequent release. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006