bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO METABOLISM OF PROGESTERONE-4-14C IN AN ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA OF THE RAT
Authors: Johnson David F. , Snell Katharine C. , Francois Daniel , Heftmann Erich 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro metabolism of progesterone-4-14C and 11-deoxycorticosterone-4-14C acetate in a rat adrenocortical carcinoma, 494 and 494-H, has been studied and compared with adrenal tissue from normal rats. An accumulation of deoxycorticosterone in the tumour tissue with an accompanying decrease of corticosterone and aldosterone, indicates a blockade in the 11-hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone. A difference in the distribution of radioactive metabolites is observed between incubation experiments with Tumour 494 and 494-H. These findings indicate a correlation between the metabolic activity and the physiological findings in the host.
EFFECT OF FOOD RESTRICTION ON BODY COMPOSITION AND ISLET HYPERTROPHY OF MICE BEARING CORTICOTROPHIN-SECRETING TUMOURS
Authors: Hausberger Franz X. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Mice bearing corticotrophin-secreting anterior pituitary tumours develop obesity and enlargement of the islets of the pancreas due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the beta cells. These animals consume during periods of maximal weight gain approximately 1/3 more food than controls. In the present study, tumour-grafted female mice and control animals of the same age and body weight were maintained on restricted food for 6 weeks. The experiment was started before any secretory activity of the tumour was evident. Reduction of the food intake to approximately 75 and 70 per cent of the norm was sufficient to either maintain the pre-experimental body weight or to produce a slow moderate weight loss. The fat content of the tumour mice was almost twice as high as that of the controls of the same weight. The islet volume of the controls decreased, and that of the experimental animals increased, although not to the same degree as that of tumour-bearing mice with food available ad libitum. Weight reduction in tumour mice was associated with greater loss of nitrogen than in controls. Postprandial blood sugar levels were of the same order of magnitude in both groups. Mice made hypothalamic hyperphagic by administration of goldthioglucose, and maintained at their pre-experimental body weight, failed to develop islet hypertrophy and increased fat deposition. Observations are discussed supporting the theory that hyperadrenocorticism stimulates increased secretion of insulin with resultant acceleration of synthesis and deposition of fat.
ROLE OF THE ERYTHROCYTES IN TRANSPORT AND METABOLISM OF 4-14C-CORTISOL
Authors: Vermeulen A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After infusion of 4-14C-cortisol, radioactivity associated with red cells amounts to 16 – 37 % of total blood radioactivity and its biological half life is similar to the half life of plasma radioactivity. Cortisol is not metabolized by erythrocytes in vitro.
Our data suggest that the corticoids are adsorbed at the red cells surface.
OESTROGEN METABOLISM IN THE HUMAN FOETUS
Authors: Diczfalusy E. , Cassmer O. , Alonso C. , de Miquel M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to test the validity of a previously advanced hypothesis, that the human foetus actively participates in the oestrogen metabolism of pregnancy attempts were made to introduce different oestrogens into the foetal organism prior to surgical interruption of gestation.
Intravenous infusion into the mother of as much as 100 mg of oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) resulted in no rise at all in the oestriol concentration of amniotic fluid and only in an extremely limited increase in the conjugated oestriol content of the foetal lungs and livers. It was found that intra-amniotic injection is a most effective way of introducing oestrogen into the foetal organism, since the oestrogen injected is rapidly swallowed (perhaps also aspirated) by the foetus. The administration of 25 mg amounts of 17β-oestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol) or oestriol by this route resulted in a greatly elevated concentration of conjugated oestrone (3-hydroxy-oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-17-one) + oestradiol and oestriol, respectively, in a variety of foetal organs, such as the lungs, liver, intestines, and adrenals + kidneys. Especially the lungs seemed to represent a very active site of conjugation, whereas the increase in conjugated oestrogens in the placenta was very limited.
Intra-amniotically administered 17β-oestradiol or oestriol rapidly disappeared from the amniotic fluid; it was halved in less than 2 hours and disappeared within 24 hours.
LUTEINISATION INDUCED IN »CONSTANT OESTRUS RATS« BY LOWERING OESTROGEN PRODUCTION
Authors: Flerkó Béla , Bárdos Vera 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In albino rats with bilaterally placed electrolytic lesions between the optic chiasma and paraventricular nuclei and in constant vaginal oestrus with no corpora lutea in the ovaries, luteinisation could be induced (1) by unilateral ovariectomy and hemiresection of the other; (2) by grafting half of one ovary after bilateral ovariectomy into the renal capsule or (3) into the spleen. While under the experimental conditions (1) and (2) the degree of luteinisation was found to be in a reciprocal relation to the amount of the remaining or grafted ovarian tissue, intrasplenic ovarian grafts (3) always contained a large number of corpora lutea. Formation of corpora lutea could accordingly be induced in rats with constant vaginal oestrus due to hypothalamic lesions by decreasing the oestrogen level in the blood. Luteinisation was most pronounced in the intrasplenic grafted animals in which a reduction of the oestrogen producing tissue had been combined with a practically quantitative oestrogen inactivation by the liver.
IMMUNOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
Authors: Wide Leif , Roos Paul , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human pituitary LH inhibits an haemagglutination reaction between anti-HCG-sera and HCG-coated blood cells. This immunological technique can be used for quantitative and qualitative estimation of human pituitary LH and of LH in human urine, provided no chorionic gonadotrophin is present.
THE THYROID FUNCTION IN ACUTE STEROID DEPRIVATION FOLLOWING BILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY
Authors: Einhorn J. , Franksson C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The changes in thyroid function associated with adrenal crisis were studied in patients who had undergone bilateral adrenalectomy.
Following interruption of the cortisone therapy the thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine rose, as did the PBI concentration in the blood. On resumption of the cortisone administration, in connection with adrenal crisis, the uptake of radioiodine and PBI fell again – the latter to levels significantly lower than those prior to withdrawal of the cortisone. No similar fall was observed in adrenalectomized patients when corresponding doses of cortisone were given without preceding cortisone deprivation.
The causal relationship of changes in thyroid function to adrenal crisis is discussed.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF POST-PARTUM NECROSIS OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
Authors: Sheehan H. L. , Stanfield J. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
From a histological study of the lesions which develop in the vessels of the human pituitary gland during the first two days after the onset of post-partum necrosis of the anterior lobe, it is concluded that the primary vascular disturbance is a spasm involving the arteries which supply the anterior lobe and the stalk. This arrests the portal blood supply and also the direct arterial blood supply to the lobe, but permits a slight circulation to continue in the stalk. If the spasm is relieved within about an hour the parenchyma suffers only a transient functional damage. If it continues for several hours all the tissues in the anterior lobe are killed and, when blood finally attempts to flow into the dead vessels, stasis and thrombosis occurs. This thrombosis is a secondary phenomenon and is not the cause of the necrosis. Variations in the extent and the duration of the spasm account for the variations in the size of the necrosis; in about half the cases the lesion involves 97 to 99 per cent of the anterior lobe, but the pars tuberalis and a small amount of the pars interloralis always survive. The arterial spasm is certainly related to a severe general circulatory collapse at the time of delivery, but the reason for its very specific localisation to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland remains obscure.
OESTROGEN METABOLISM IN THE HUMAN FOETUS
Authors: Diczfalusy E. , Cassmer O. , Alonso C. , de Miquel M. , Westin B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out in order to test a previously advanced hypothesis according to which the human foetus is capable of carrying out oestrogen conjugation reactions.
In vitro incubation of slices of different foetal tissues with oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) resulted in a significantly increased concentration of conjugated oestriol in foetal liver, lungs, kidneys, adrenals, and perhaps also in skeletal muscle. No such increase was found when endometrial or myometrial tissue from an adult subject was incubated under the same experimental conditions, or when foetal tissues were incubated in the absence of oestriol.
Countercurrent distribution studies of the conjugated material formed in vitro suggest that it might be identical with oestriol
Intra-amniotic injection of 17β-estradiol ((oestra-1,3,5(10))-triene-3,17βdiol) or oestriol to volunteers in whom the foetus was previously separated in situ from its placental connections resulted in a significantly elevated concentration of conjugated oestrone ((3-hydroxy-oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien17-one). 17β-oestradiol and oestriol, respectively, in the foetal lungs and livers and – following 17β administration – also in the intestines. On the other hand, the concentration of conjugated oestrone, 17β-oestradiol or oestriol in the placental tissue was significantly lower under these conditions than in similarly treated patients with an intact foeto-placental connection.
When previable foetuses were perfused with diluted blood to which 17β-oestradiol, or oestriol was added, a significantly elevated concentration of conjugated oestrone + 17β-oestradiol, and oestriol, respectively, was found in the foetal lungs, liver, intestines, kidneys + adrenals.
It is concluded that the human foetus is already an important site of oestrogen conjugation at relatively early stages of gestation. It is suggested that these conjugation processes take place in several foetal organs, such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenals, intestines, and perhaps also other tissues.
THE SECRETION OF ANDROGEN BY THE X-IRRADIATED OVARY OF THE ADULT RAT
Authors: Shelton Margaret 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to determine whether the secretion of androgen by the ovary of the adult rat increases after X-irradiation, irradiated ovaries were implanted into castrated male litter-mates, and pieces of prostate into both X-irradiated and normal female rats.
The grafts of irradiated ovaries failed to vascularize and grow, and did not appear to secrete androgen, as judged by the weight of the accessory sex organs of the male hosts. The results of these experiments were therefore considered inconclusive.
On the other hand, the structure of the prostatic grafts removed from female hosts indicated that the circulating level of androgen was higher in the irradiated than in the non-irradiated animals.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO CRYPTORCHIDISM
Authors: Gunn Samuel A. , Gould Thelma Clark , Anderson W. A. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous studies have revealed that the amount of administered 65Zn taken up by the rat dorsolateral prostate is a sensitive indicator of androgen level. Further experimentation demonstrated seasonal variations in the capacity of the rat dorsolateral prostate to take up 65Zn, i. e., 60 to 85 % higher 65Zn uptake values were noted at certain times of year (high phase) than at other times of year (low phase). These studies suggested using the 65Zn uptake technique to determine if there were any subtle alterations in male hormone level following surgically induced cryptorchidism in rats. This publication demonstrated than when the 65Zn uptake by the dorsolateral prostate of control animals was in a high phase, there was a transient lowering of 65Zn approximately one week following cryptorchid surgery. In contrast, at times of year when the capacity of the dorsolateral prostate to take up 65Z was already in a physiological low, there was no further depression of glandular activity caused by the cryptorchid state. These experiments emphasize the importance of hidden seasonal rhythms in endocrine experimentation, even in the laboratory rat housed under constant environmental conditions.
STUDIES OF STABLE IODINE METABOLISM AS A GUIDE TO THE INTERPRETATION OF RADIOIODINE TESTS
Authors: Koutras D. A. , Alexander W. D. , Buchanan W. W. , Crooks J. , Wayne E. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The results of radioiodine tests are dependent not only on thyroid function but also on the size of the iodine pools in which the radioiodine is diluted. The significance of the second factor is analysed in this paper and it is shown that there is a danger in interpreting radioiodine tests in isolation. The uptake of 131I is inversely related to the extrathyroidal inorganic iodine pool and the PB131I is inversely related to the intrathyroidal iodine pool. Both these pools may be diminished in euthyroid persons and thus a high uptake of 131I may be associated with a high PB131I and so lead to false diagnostic conclusions.
In order to avoid diagnostic errors standard 131I tests should never be reported without some knowledge of relevant clinical features, for example, whether there is the possibility of prolonged iodine deficiency, of previous treatment, of Hashimoto's disease, or of dyshormonogenesis. In this way due weight can be given to factors which increase or decrease the iodine pools of the body and discrepancies between the clinical picture and radioiodine tests become obvious. More specific investigations can then be undertaken in appropriate cases.
PLASMA LEVEL, URINARY EXCRETION AND CLEARANCE OF 17-OHCS IN RENAL PATIENTS AFTER INTRAVENOUS CORTISOL INJECTION
Authors: Pekkarinen A. , Kasanen A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentrations of free and conjugated 17-OHCS in the plasma, the excretion of 17-OHCS into the urine, and the 17-OHCS clearance were determined in control subjects and renal patients after an intravenous injection of cortisol.
The average content of conjugated 17-OHCS in the plasma before the injection was three times higher in the renal group than in the control group. The conjugated 17-OHCS clearance after cortisol injection in the renal patients was three times lower than in the control group.
As the clearance investigation does not offer any advantages compared with the determination of conjugated 17-OHCS in the plasma, the authors consider that, because of its simplicity the last-mentioned determination is as the best clinical test for measuring the steroid status in renal patients.
ALDOSTERONAUSSCHEIDUNG UND ELEKTROLYTHAUSHALT UNTER PITRESSINEINWIRKUNG BEI NICHT HYDRIERTEN NORMALEN VERSUCHSPERSONEN
Authors: Franken F. H. , Irmscher K. , Daweke H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
11 normal subjects were kept on a standard diet containing 120–150 mval Na and 60–70 mval K pro die. The total fluid supply was 1500–2000 ml in 24 h. After a 6 days control period during which continuously the haematocrit values, Na, K and Cl in serum, the excretion of Na, K, Cl and aldosterone in urine, and the body weight have been checked, the subjects were given intramuscular injections each 5 IU Pitressin in oil. Further studies of the above values on the following 6–7 days showed no changement of the Na, K and Cl concentrations in serum under pitressin and also a little drop of the hematocrit values. Likewise the excretion of Na, K and Cl in urine and the body weight remained unchanged. On the contrary there was a significant drop of the aldosterone excretion in urine of about 50 % on the 2. and 3. day after pitressin was given followed by an increase above the control values.
The possible mechanism of the decreased aldosterone excretion is discussed. Since no retention of fluid and no corresponding increase of intravasal fluid volume were found an inhibition of the adrenoglomerulotrophin, and by that a decreased secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex is suggested.
OESTROGEN METABOLISM IN THE HUMAN FOETUS
Authors: Diczfalusy E. , Cassmer O. , Alonso C. , de Miquel M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The nature of the conjugated oestrogen formed by the human foetus in vivo following intra-amniotic administration or perfusion of 17β-oestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol) and oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol), respectively, was studied.
Sodium 17β-oestradiol-3-sulphate and (indirectly) sodium oestrone sulphate were identified in extracts of lungs, liver and kidneys of foetuses treated with 17β-oestradiol. An additional compound, probably a conjugated form of 2-methoxy-17β-oestradiol was also detected in the liver of such foetuses.
Sodium oestriol-3-sulphate was identified in extracts of lungs, liver and kidneys of foetuses treated with oestriol.
In pooled extracts of intestines of untreated foetuses two conjugated forms of oestriol were detected; one was characterized as sodium oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate, whereas the other is presumably identical with sodium oestriol-3-sulphate.
It is concluded that among the different foetal organs at least the lungs, liver and kidneys are capable of sulphurylating steroid oestrogens. It is likely that oestrogen sulphurylation reactions also take place in other foetal organs. It is suggested that the intestinal mucosa of the human may be a potential site of oestrogen glucosiduronation.
CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF A LONG-ACTING OESTRIOL (POLYOESTRIOL PHOSPHATE)
Authors: Lauritzen Christian , Velibese Semih 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A description is given of experimental investigations and preliminary clinical experience with the long-acting oestriol compound polyoestriol phosphate – a water-soluble polymere of oestriol and phosphoric acid. The compound seems to exert all the physiologically important effects of oestriol. Even with high doses the hormone causes no proliferation of the endometrium and no withdrawal bleeding. It has no untoward effect on metabolism. It decreases slightly the cholesterol concentration (to the extent of ⅓–⅕ of the effect produced by long-acting oestradiol esters). The compound has a wide therapeutic range. No side-effects have been observed. Doses of 10 mg or more have a prolonged duration. Additional prolongation of the effect is largely dependent on dosage. To ensure an effect lasting for 4 weeks 40 mg polyoestriol phosphate (corresponding with 30 mg oestriol) is required – an amount which roughly corresponds with physiological quantitative data.
The compound, which involves an interesting new principle of prolongation, was most effectively used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and genital organic disorders. For these indications it can be recommended without reservation.
THE ROLE OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS IN INITIATION OF MILK SECRETION
Authors: Haun Charles K. , Sawyer Charles H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Electrolytic lesions were stereotaxically placed within the hypothalamus of ovariectomized, oestrogen-primed rabbits in order to determine what influence this area of the brain exerts upon lactogenesis. Before and after production of the lesions, the mammary glands were examined grossly (in situ) and microscopically for signs of secretory activity. Milk secretion was initiated or greatly enhanced (indicating release of abundant amounts of prolactin) in those, and only those, cases in which the lesions destroyed the arcuate nucleus and the base of the ventromedial nucleus. Since this identical region has been shown to be essential for the release of pituitary ovulating hormone, the present evidence strongly supports the concept that the hypothalamo-hypophysial mechanism which stimulates the release of gonadotrophins simultaneously inhibits the release of prolactin. Lactogenesis in the rabbit would thus seen to be a phenomenon in which the adenohypophysis liberates prolactin as a consequence of suppression of the release of gonadotrophin.
PARALLEL BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF AN ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA FROM A PATIENT WITH PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM
Authors: Davignon Jean , Tremblay Gilles , Nowaczynski Wojciech , Koiw Erich , Genest Jacques 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An adrenocortical adenoma surgically removed from a patient with primary aldosteronism was investigated by histological, histochemical and incubation-chromatographic techniques and compared to intact adrenal tissue excised from the contralateral gland. The tumour was composed almost entirely of fasciculata-like tissue and released »in vitro« cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, cortisone and 17-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone but no measurable amounts of 11β-hydroxy-androstenedione. In contrast to the contralateral gland with prominent zona glomerulosa and atrophic zona fasciculata, which responded poorly to corticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation, the tumour responded by a striking increase in the formation of cortisol, corticosterone and aldosterone. An attempt was made to correlate the morphological aspect with the biochemical findings »in vitro«.
CONGENITALE NEBENNIERENRINDENHYPERPLASIE BEIM MANN MIT NORMALER KEIMDRÜSENFUNKTION UND FERTILITÄT
Authors: Bahner Friedrich , Schwarz Gerhard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Brother and sister with congenital hyperplasia of adrenal glands are described. The female, 21 years old, presents a feminine pseudohermaphroditism having before undergone a precocious puberty of the heterosexual type. The male, 33 years old, has had a precocious puberty of isosexual type. His testes are of normal size, the spermiogram permits fertility. He is father of two children.
Similar cases of congenital hyperplasia of adrenal glands with and without hypogonadism in male subjects are discussed. We suppose that atrophy of the testes depends on the oestrogen secretion of the adrenals. Over-production of androgens without oestrogens may lead to complete precocious puberty. In this case androgens may cause a precocious maturation of the hypothalamic sexual centre.
CONCURRENCE OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM AND RECURRENT HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Skanse Bengt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The rare concurrence of recurrent hyperthyroidism and postoperative hypoparathyroidism was observed in two patients. In contrast to previous reports, the development of hyperthyroidism was not accompanied by any increase of serum calcium or amelioration of the signs of tetany. The implications of these observations are discussed. It is suggested that this varying response to thyroid hormone among different patients may be due to differences in the degree of parathyroid insufficiency.
THE SITE OF PRODUCTION OF OESTROGENIC HORMONES IN HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Frandsen V. Aasted , Stakemann Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The hormone excretion was determined in five cases of pregnancy with anencephalic foetus who also had a hypotrophia of the adrenals. The only abnormality noted in the hormone excretion pattern was the consistently low excretion of oestrogenic hormones amounting to about 1/10 of the normal pregnancy level. A possible correlation between the low oestrogen excretion and the hypotrophia of the foetal adrenals is suggested.