bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adagrasib Treatment After Sotorasib-Related Hepatotoxicity in Patients With
KRAS
G12C
-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Luo Jia , Florez Narjust , Donnelly Anjali , Lou Yanyan , Lu Kevin , Ma Patrick C. , Spira Alexander I. , Ryan Debra , Husain Hatim 
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE

KRAS
is the most commonly mutated driver oncogene in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sotorasib and adagrasib, KRAS
G12C
inhibitors, have been granted accelerated US approval; however, hepatotoxicity is a common side effect with higher rates in patients treated with sotorasib proximal to checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of adagrasib after discontinuation of sotorasib because of treatment-related grade 3 hepatotoxicity through real-world and clinical cases.

METHODS

Medical records from five patients treated in real-world settings were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had locally advanced or metastatic
KRAS
G12C
-mutated NSCLC and received adagrasib after sotorasib in the absence of extracranial disease progression. Additional data were collected for 12 patients with
KRAS
G12C
-mutated NSCLC enrolled in a phase Ib cohort of the KRYSTAL-1 study and previously treated with sotorasib. The end points associated with both drugs included timing and severity of hepatotoxicity, best overall response, and duration of therapy.

RESULTS
All patients were treated with CPIs followed by sotorasib (initiated 0-64 days after CPI). All five real-world patients experienced hepatotoxicity with sotorasib that led to treatment discontinuation, whereas none experienced treatment-related hepatotoxicity with subsequent adagrasib treatment. Three patients from KRYSTAL-1 transitioned from sotorasib to adagrasib because of hepatotoxicity; one experienced grade 3 ALT elevation on adagrasib that resolved with therapy interruption and dose reduction.

CONCLUSION

Adagrasib may have a distinct hepatotoxicity profile from sotorasib and is more easily combined with CPIs either sequentially or concurrently. These differences may be used to inform clinical decisions regarding an initial KRAS
G12C
inhibitor for patients who recently discontinued a CPI or experience hepatotoxicity on sotorasib.
Mean-field analysis of the glassy dynamics of an elastoplastic model of super-cooled liquids
Authors: Baron J. W. , Biroli G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present a mean-field theory of a coarse-grained model of a super-cooled liquid in which relaxation occurs via local plastic rearrangements. Local relaxation can be induced by thermal fluctuations or by the long-range elastic consequences of other rearrangements. We extract the temperature dependence of both the relaxation time and the length scale of dynamical correlations. We find two dynamical regimes. First, a regime in which the characteristic time and length scales diverge as a power law at a critical temperature T

c
. This regime is found by an approximation that neglects activated relaxation channels, which can be interpreted as akin to the one found by the mode-coupling transition of glasses. In reality, only a crossover takes place at T

c
. The residual plastic activity leads to a second regime characterised by an Arrhenius law below T

c
. In this case, we show that the length scale governing dynamical correlations diverges as a power law as

, and is logarithmically related to the relaxation time.
The doomsday of black hole evaporation
Authors: Wang Shao-Jiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
By assuming simultaneously the unitarity of the Hawking evaporation and the universality of Bekenstein entropy bound as well as the validity of cosmic censorship conjecture, we find that the black hole evaporation rate could evolve from the usual inverse square law in black hole mass into a constant evaporation rate near the end of the Hawking evaporation before quantum gravity could come into play, inferring a slightly longer lifetime for lighter black holes.
Balanced Crystalloids Versus Normal Saline in Kidney Transplant Patients: An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Carvalho Pereira Lucas , Carvalho Pereira Igor , Dias Delfino Cabral Thamiris , Viana Patricia , Mendonça Ribeiro Arthur , Amaral Sara 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The use of balanced crystalloids over normal saline for perioperative fluid management during kidney transplantation and its benefits on acid-base and electrolyte balance along with its influence on postoperative clinical outcomes remains a topic of controversy. Therefore, we conducted this review to assess the impact of balanced solutions compared to normal saline on outcomes for kidney transplant patients.

METHODS:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing balanced lower-chloride solutions to normal saline in renal transplant patients. Our main outcome of interest was delayed graft function (DGF). Additionally, we examined acid-base and electrolyte measurements, along with postoperative renal function. We computed relative risk (RR) using the Mantel-Haenszel test for binary outcomes, and mean difference (MD) for continuous data, and applied DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models to address heterogeneity. Furthermore, we performed a trial sequential analysis (TSA) for all outcomes.

RESULTS:
Twelve RCTs comprising a total of 1668 patients were included; 832 (49.9%) were assigned to receive balanced solutions. Balanced crystalloids reduced the occurrence of DGF compared to normal saline, with RR of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71–0.94), P = .005; I² = 0%. The occurrence was 25% (194 of 787) in the balanced crystalloids group and 34% (240 of 701) in the normal saline group. Moreover, our TSA supported the primary outcome result and suggests that the sample size was sufficient for our conclusion. End-of-surgery chloride (MD, −8.80 mEq·L–1; 95% CI, −13.98 to −3.63 mEq.L–1; P < .001), bicarbonate (MD, 2.12 mEq·L–1; 95% CI, 1.02–3.21 mEq·L–1; P < .001), pH (MD, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.04–0.07; P < .001), and base excess (BE) (MD, 2.41 mEq·L–1; 95% CI, 0.88–3.95 mEq·L−1; P = .002) significantly favored the balanced crystalloids groups and the end of surgery potassium (MD, −0.17 mEq·L−1; 95% CI, −0.36 to 0.02 mEq·L−1; P = .07) did not differ between groups. However, creatinine did not differ in the first (MD, −0.06 mg·dL−1; 95% CI, −0.38 to 0.26 mg·dL−1; P = .71) and seventh (MD, −0.06 mg·dL−1; 95% CI, −0.18 to 0.06 mg·dL−1; P = .30) postoperative days nor urine output in the first (MD, −1.12 L; 95% CI, −3.67 to 1.43 L; P = .39) and seventh (MD, −0.01 L; 95% CI, −0.45 to 0.42 L; P = .95) postoperative days.

CONCLUSIONS:
Balanced lower-chloride solutions significantly reduce the occurrence of DGF and provide an improved acid-base and electrolyte control in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
Opioid-Sparing Anesthesia Versus Opioid-Free Anesthesia for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ao Yichan , Ma Jingyue , Zheng Xiaozhuo , Zeng Jie , Wei Ke 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Patients who undergo laparoscopic bariatric surgery (LBS) are susceptible to postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) or opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) protocols have been proposed as solutions; however, differences between the 2 alternative opioid protocols for anesthesia maintenance in obese patients remain uncertain. A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the impacts of OFA and OSA on PONV.

METHODS:
Systematic searches were conducted using Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OFA and OSA strategies. After screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the credibility of the evidence. The main concern of this review was the difference between OFA and OSA in reducing PONV. The primary outcome was any PONV occurrence within 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain intensity, opioid consumption, opioid-related adverse events, and length of hospital stay.

RESULTS:
Fifteen RCTs involving 1310 patients were identified for a network meta-analysis from 1776 articles that compared OFA, OSA, and traditional opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) strategies in LBS. Twelve RCTs (80%) with 922 participants (70%) were eligible for the occurrence of PONV. These included 199 (22%) patients who received OFA and 476 (52%) and 247 (27%) patients who received OSA and OBA, respectively. OFA was more effective at reducing PONV (relative risks [RR], 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–0.9, moderate-quality evidence) compared to OSA. No differences were observed in postoperative pain control or opioid consumption between the OFA and OSA strategies (very low-to high-quality evidence). Notably, OFA is associated with a higher risk of bradycardia than OSA (RR, 2.6, 95% CI, 1.2–5.9, moderate-quality evidence).

CONCLUSIONS:
OFA is more effective than OSA in reducing the occurrence of PONV during the early postoperative period of LBS, although it may associate with an increased risk of bradycardia. Patients who received either opioid-alternative strategy demonstrated similar effects in reducing postoperative opioid consumption and alleviating pain intensity.
Mass Participation and Tournament Event Management for the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement (2022 Update)
Authors: Herring Stanley A. , Kibler W. Ben , Putukian Margot , Blauwet Cheri , Boyajian-O'Neill Lori A. , Boyd Joel , Franks R. Rob , Indelicato Peter A. , LeClere Lance E. , Logan Catherine , O’Connor Francis G. , Matuszak Jason , Roberts William O. , Sallis Robert E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mass participation events include endurance events (e.g., marathon, triathlon) and/or competitive tournaments (e.g., baseball, tennis, football (soccer) tournaments). Event management requires medical administrative and participant care planning. Medical management provides safety advice and care at the event that accounts for large numbers of participants, anticipated injury and illness, variable environment, repeated games or matches, and mixed age groups of varying athletic ability. This document does not pertain to the care of the spectator.
Using a data-driven approach to define post-COVID conditions in US electronic health record data
Authors: Andersen Kathleen M. , Khan Farid L. , Park Peter W. , Wiemken Timothy L. , Emir Birol , Malhotra Deepa , Alhanai Tuka , Ghassemi Mohammad M. , McGrath Leah J. 
Published: April 2024

Objective
To create a data-driven definition of post-COVID conditions (PCC) by directly measure changes in symptomatology before and after a first COVID episode.

Materials and methods
Retrospective cohort study using Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record (EHR) dataset from the United States of persons of any age April 2020-September 2021. For each person with COVID (ICD-10-CM U07.1 “COVID-19” or positive test result), we selected up to 3 comparators. The final COVID symptom score was computed as the sum of new diagnoses weighted by each diagnosis’ ratio of incidence in COVID group relative to comparator group. For the subset of COVID cases diagnosed in September 2021, we compared the incidence of PCC using our data-driven definition with ICD-10-CM code U09.9 “Post-COVID Conditions”, first available in the US October 2021.

Results
The final cohort contained 588,611 people with COVID, with mean age of 48 years and 38% male. Our definition identified 20% of persons developed PCC in follow-up. PCC incidence increased with age: (7.8% of persons aged 0–17, 17.3% aged 18–64, and 33.3% aged 65+) and did not change over time (20.0% among persons diagnosed with COVID in 2020 versus 20.3% in 2021). For cases diagnosed in September 2021, our definition identified 19.0% with PCC in follow-up as compared to 2.9% with U09.9 code in follow-up.

Conclusion
Symptom and U09.9 code-based definitions alone captured different populations. Maximal capture may consider a combined approach, particularly before the availability and routine utilization of specific ICD-10 codes and with the lack consensus-based definitions on the syndrome.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from patients at the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Tetteh Francis Kwame Morgan , Ablordey Anthony , Obeng-Nkrumah Noah , Opintan Japheth Awuletey 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionExtended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeare pathogens of significant public health interest for which new antibiotics are urgently needed.AimTo determine the prevalence of ESBLs inE.coliandK.pneumoniaeisolates from patients attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) in Ghana.MethodologyThe study was a cross-sectional study involving convenience sampling ofE.coliandK.pneumoniaeisolates from consenting patients’ clinical specimens, between April and June 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed, and ESBL-producer phenotypes were further screened forBlaTEM,BlaSHV, andBlaCTX-Mgenes. Patients’ clinical data were additionally collected using a structured questionnaire.ResultsOf the 150 non-duplicateE.coliandK.pneumoniaeisolates identified, 140 were confirmed asE.coli(84%,n= 117) andK.pneumoniae(16%,n= 23). Of these, sixty-two (44%) [E.coli(84%;n= 52);K.pneumoniae(16%;n= 10)] phenotypically expressed ESBLs. The proportion of ESBL-producing isolates was higher in adults (15–65 years) than in neonates (< 28 days) (p =0.14). Most of the isolates showed a high percentage resistance to ampicillin (96%) and tetracycline (89%), but a relatively lower resistance to amikacin (36%). No isolate was resistant to meropenem. More ESBL producers were multidrug resistant compared to non-ESBL-producers [23% (14/62) versus 18% (14/78);p= 0.573]. Overall, 74% (n= 46) of the ESBL genotypes expressedBlaCTX-M-1genes, followed by 63% (n= 39)BlaTEM, and 16% (n= 10)BlaSHV. The study showed a high prevalence of ESBL-positiveE.coliandK.pneumoniae, mostly CTX-M-1 producers at TTH.ConclusionRoutine laboratory ESBL screening is warranted to inform patient management.
Strategies for primary HPV test-based cervical cancer screening programme in resource-limited settings in India: Results from a quasi-experimental pragmatic implementation trial
Authors: Oommen Anu Mary , Isaac Rita , Paul Biswajit , Weller David , Finkel Madelon L. , Thomas Anitha , Ram Thomas Samuel , H. R. Prashanth , Cherian Anne George , Thomas Vinotha , Sadan Vathsala , Siva Rajeswari , Rose Anuradha , Marcus Tobey Ann , Jeyapaul Shalini , K. Sangeetha Rathnam , Malini Tabeetha , N. Surenthiran , Jebaraj Paul , John Neenu Oliver , Ramesh Charles , Raj C. Jeffers Jayachandra , Kumar S. Rakesh , B. V. Balaji , Dorathy P. Irene , Murali Valliammal , N. Prema , K. Kavitha , Ranjani D. Priya 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundIn order for low and middle income countries (LMIC) to transition to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test based cervical cancer screening, a greater understanding of how to implement these evidence based interventions (EBI) among vulnerable populations is needed. This paper documents outcomes of an implementation research on HPV screening among women from tribal, rural, urban slum settings in India.MethodsA mixed-method, pragmatic, quasi-experimental trial design was used. HPV screening on self-collected cervical samples was offered to women aged 30–60 years. Implementation strategies were 1) Assessment of contextual factors using both qualitative and quantitative methods like key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FGDs), pre-post population sample surveys, capacity assessment of participating departments 2) enhancing provider capacity through training workshops, access to HPV testing facility, colposcopy, thermal ablation/cryotherapy at the primary health care centers 3) community engagement, counselling for self-sampling and triage process by frontline health care workers (HCWs). Outcomes were assessed using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework.ResultsScreening rate in 8 months’ of study was 31.0%, 26.7%, 32.9%, prevalence of oncogenic HPV was 12.1%, 3.1%, 5.5%, compliance to triage was 53.6%, 45.5%, 84.6% in tribal, urban slum, rural sites respectively. Pre-cancer among triage compliant HPV positive women was 13.6% in tribal, 4% in rural and 0% among urban slum women. Unique challenges faced in the tribal setting led to programme adaptations like increasing honoraria of community health workers for late-evening work and recalling HPV positive women for colposcopy by nurses, thermal ablation by gynaecologist at the outreach camp site.ConclusionsSelf-collection of samples combined with HCW led community engagement activities, flexible triage processes and strengthening of health system showed an acceptable screening rate and better compliance to triage, highlighting the importance of identifying the barriers and developing strategies suitable for the setting.Trial registrationCTRI/2021/09/036130.
Characterization of the Small Bowel Microbiome Reveals Different Profiles in Human Subjects Who Are Overweight or Have Obesity
Authors: Leite Gabriela , Barlow Gillian M. , Rashid Mohamad , Hosseini Ava , Cohrs Daniel , Parodi Gonzalo , Morales Walter , Weitsman Stacy , Rezaie Ali , Pimentel Mark , Mathur Ruchi 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Gut microbiome changes are linked to obesity, but findings are based on stool data. In this article, we analyzed the duodenal microbiome and serum biomarkers in subjects with normal weight, overweight, and obesity.

METHODS:
Duodenal aspirates and serum samples were obtained from subjects undergoing standard-of-care esophagogastroduodenoscopy without colon preparation. Aspirate DNAs were analyzed by 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing. Predicted microbial metabolic functions and serum levels of metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers were also assessed.

RESULTS:
Subjects with normal weight (N = 105), overweight (N = 67), and obesity (N = 42) were identified. Overweight-specific duodenal microbial features include lower relative abundance (RA) of Bifidobacterium species and Escherichia coli strain K-12 and higher Lactobacillus intestinalis, L. johnsonii, and Prevotella loescheii RA. Obesity-specific features include higher Lactobacillus gasseri RA and lower L. reuteri (subspecies rodentium), Alloprevotella rava, and Leptotrichia spp RA. Escalation features (progressive changes from normal weight through obesity) include decreasing Bacteroides pyogenes, Staphylococcus hominis, and unknown Faecalibacterium species RA, increasing RA of unknown Lactobacillus and Mycobacterium species, and decreasing microbial potential for biogenic amines metabolism. De-escalation features (direction of change altered in normal to overweight and overweight to obesity) include Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. hominis, L. iners, and Bifidobacterium dentium. An unknown Lactobacillus species is associated with type IIa dyslipidemia and overweight, whereas Alloprevotella rava is associated with type IIb and IV dyslipidemias.

DISCUSSION:
Direct analysis of the duodenal microbiome has identified key genera associated with overweight and obesity, including some previously identified in stool, e.g., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Specific species and strains exhibit differing associations with overweight and obesity, including escalation and de-escalation features that may represent targets for future study and therapeutics.
Influência da Cultura Nacional sobre as Práticas de RSC: Analisando as Empresas Industriais dos Países do BRICS
Authors: Pinheiro Alan Bandeira , Batistella Ana Julia , Mazzioni Sady , Baú Dal Magro Cristian 
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: A literatura que relaciona cultura nacional e práticas de RSC têm apontado resultados inconclusivos. Portanto, este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a influência da cultura nacional sobre a divulgação de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa, de empresas sediadas no Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul (BRICS).
Métodos: Foram investigadas 4.706 observações de 1.159 empresas, relativas ao período de 2009 a 2019. A divulgação de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa foi mensurada pela avaliação de 100 itens relacionados às questões ambientais e sociais, disponível pela Refinitiv Eikon®. Em relação à cultura nacional, utilizou-se o framework proposto por Hofstede (2011). Na análise dos dados considerou-se a regressão de dados em painel.
Resultados/discussão: Os resultados mostram que as empresas utilizam as ações de RSC para angariar o apoio dos funcionários e dos indivíduos menos poderosos. A dimensão distância ao poder influencia negativamente para que as empresas divulguem suas práticas de RSC. O individualismo no nível do país afeta positivamente a divulgação de RSC. A cultura de orientação de longo prazo implica no comportamento empresarial ao reduzir a divulgação de RSC. Por fim, a dimensão indulgência afeta positivamente a responsabilidade social, indicando que em países mais indulgentes, as empresas priorizam os aspectos financeiros em detrimento dos aspectos sociais e ambientais.
Contribuições: Esse estudo oferece novas evidências que comprovam a Teoria Institucional, ao provar que a cultura nacional é um fator que molda o comportamento ético das empresas sediadas em economias emergentes. O artigo apresenta novos resultados para o efeito das dimensões individualismo e orientação de longo prazo sobre a responsabilidade social corporativa. Estudos anteriores têm evidenciado o papel das instituições formais sobre a RSC, mas eles têm ignorado o impacto da cultura.
Mitigation of arsenic and zinc toxicity in municipal sewage sludge through co-pyrolysis with zero-valent iron: A promising approach for toxicity reduction of sewage sludge
Authors: Saffari Mahboub , Moosavirad Seyed Morteza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The co-pyrolysis (at 300°C and 600°C) of municipal sewage sludge (SS) with zero-valent iron (Fe0: 1.5% and 3%) was investigated to reduce the toxicity of arsenic (As) and zinc (Zn) in SS. The BCR sequential extraction method, desorption kinetic analysis, and material characterization techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction) were used to evaluate the effects of the treatments on Zn and As behavior. The results showed that co-pyrolysis significantly reduced the acid-soluble fraction (18–43% for Zn; 83–95% for As) and mobility factor (45–85% for Zn; 86–96% for As) of Zn and As compared to untreated SS. Desorption experiments indicated a significant reduction in Zn and As release in treated samples, particularly in the co-pyrolysis sample at 600°C and Fe0 3% (67% for Zn; 88% for As) in comparison with untreated SS. Co-pyrolysis of Fe0 and SS led to the formation of new functional groups (Si–O, aromatic), a more porous surface morphology, and highly stable chemical crystals (ferric arsenate, zinc arsenide), which played a crucial role in Zn and As stabilization. The findings of this study suggest that co-pyrolysis is a promising approach for mitigating As and Zn toxicity in SS. However, additional field testing with plant-based systems is necessary for confirmation.