bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Salbutamol in Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Mikuš Peter , Valášková Iva , Havránek Emil 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the separation and determination of salbutamol (SAL) in commercial pharmaceuticals was developed. Several parameters affecting the separations were studied including type and concentration of the carrier ion, counter ion, and the pH of the buffer. A hydrodynamically closed CE separation mode employing a 300 μm I.D. capillary, dynamically coated by polymeric buffer additive, provided good performance parameters (precision, accuracy, sensitivity). The obtained results suggest that the proposed method is suitable for routine assay of SAL in pharmaceutical preparations and can be used as an alternative to the conventional open CE mode for this application.
N,N‐Dichlorotaurine: Chemical and Bactericidal Properties
Authors: Gottardi Waldemar , Hagleitner Magdalena , Nagl Markus 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe biogenous antimicrobial agent N‐chlorotaurine (NCT) converts by disproportionation to N,N‐dichlorotaurine (NDCT) at a rate proportional to acidity. This occurs at appreciable amounts already in weakly acidic biological systems. To understand the consequences of NDCT formation, a thorough investigation of this undescribed compound was mandatory, which needed its synthesis. Differently from NCT, this was possible in the aqueous system using trichloroisocyanuric acid. While the free acid, Cl2HNCH2CH2SO3H, was not available in pure form, its sodium and potassium salts were analytically pure and showed melting points (decomposition) of 125–128 °C (potassium) and 162–164 °C (sodium). The sodium salt demonstrated unexpected long‐term stability even at room temperature (8.4 % loss of activity within 4 months). The aqueous solutions of both salts exhibited a weak acid reaction, and they were less stable than NCT. With regard to chlorination of amines (transhalogenation), NDCT was, surprisingly, less efficacious than NCT, which manifested itself by a lack of reactivity at pH < 7, for which a mechanistic explanation is given. Compared on a molar scale, NDCT was more bactericidal than NCT against the gram‐negative bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis, while there was no difference concerning the gram‐positive ones, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The increase of bactericidal activity at acidic pH was the same as observed with NCT and is attributed to a higher susceptibility of bacteria in this environment. Taken together, NDCT seems not to be suited to substitute NCT as a preparation fit for medical practice.
Comparison and visualisation of high‐resolution transport modelling with aircraft measurements
Authors: O'Connor F. M. , Carver G. D. , Savage N. H. , Pyle J. A. , Methven J. , Arnold S. R. , Dewey K. , Kent J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article presents a case study of a comparison of an Eulerian chemical transport model (CTM) and Lagrangian chemical model with measurements taken by aircraft. High‐resolution Eulerian integrations produce improved point‐by‐point comparisons between model results and measurements compared to low resolution. The Lagrangian model requires mixing to be introduced in order to model the measurements. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Removal of kinetic traps and enhanced protein folding by strategic substitution of amino acids in a model α‐helical hairpin peptide
Authors: Chapagain Prem P. , Gerstman Bernard S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe presence of non‐native kinetic traps in the free energy landscape of a protein may significantly lengthen the overall folding time so that the folding process becomes unreliable. We use a computational model α‐helical hairpin peptide to calculate structural free energy landscapes and relate them to the kinetics of folding. We show how protein engineering through strategic changes in only a few amino acid residues along the primary sequence can greatly increase the speed and reliability of the folding process, as seen experimentally. These strategic substitutions also prevent the formation of long‐lived misfolded configurations that can cause unwanted aggregations of peptides. These results support arguments that removal of kinetic traps, obligatory or nonobligatory, is crucial for fast folding. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 167–178, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The cost of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma
Authors: Oestreicher Nina , Ramsey Scott D. , McCune Jeannine S. , Linden Hannah M. , Veenstra David L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the U.S., the majority of premenopausal patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma are treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. However, to the authors' knowledge, there have been few formal analyses of adjuvant chemotherapy cost performed to date, especially in premenopausal women. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the direct medical cost of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with early‐stage breast carcinoma.METHODSThe attributable cost of adjuvant chemotherapy was evaluated by comparing the total cost of care for patients with breast carcinoma (cases) during the period from diagnosis to 9 months subsequent with the cost for age‐matched and gender‐matched control patients without breast carcinoma over an equivalent time period. The authors identified cases from a linked database of claims records from a managed care organization, and the Cancer Surveillance System registry. Controls were identified from the managed care organization from which the cases originated. Resource prices were based on reimbursements from the managed care organization.RESULTSThe attributable cost of adjuvant chemotherapy was estimated to be $23,019 (95% confidence interval, $19,596–$26,441), based on 1239 women. The cost appeared to decrease with increasing age at diagnosis, with total costs of $26,834, $19,889, and $17,098 for women < 50, 50–59, and ≥ 60 years, respectively. Also, costs were higher for regional versus local disease ($36,076 vs. $12,659), for women who had a mastectomy versus breast‐conserving surgery ($31,075 vs. $17,889), and for women who had no comorbidities versus ≥ 1 comorbidity ($23,606 vs. $21,340). Contributors to high chemotherapy cost included use of chemotherapy agents not included in clinical guidelines during the study period, use of supportive care agents, and hospitalizations.CONCLUSIONSThe attributable cost of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma is significant. The integration of managed care claims data with clinical data from the Cancer Surveillance System registry offered a unique opportunity to derive more informative and accurate disease burden estimates in oncology. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Single‐fraction radiosurgery for the treatment of spinal breast metastases
Authors: Gerszten Peter C. , Burton Steven A. , Welch William C. , Brufsky Adam M. , Lembersky Barry C. , Ozhasoglu Cihat , Vogel William J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe spine is the most common site of bony metastases in patients with osseous breast carcinoma metastases. Spine metastases are the source of significant pain and occasionally neurologic deficit in this patient population. Conventional external beam radiotherapy lacks the precision to allow delivery of large single‐fraction doses of radiation and simultaneously limit the dose to radiosensitive structures such as the spinal cord. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of the treatment of spinal breast carcinoma metastases with a single‐fraction radiosurgical technique.METHODSIn this prospective cohort evaluation, 68 breast carcinoma metastases to the spine in 50 patients were treated with a single‐fraction radiosurgery technique with a follow‐up period of 6–48 months, median 16 months. The most common indication for radiosurgery treatment was pain in 57 lesions, as a primary treatment modality in 8 patients, and for radiographic tumor progression, as a postsurgical boost, and for a progressive neurologic deficit in 1 patient each.RESULTSTumor volume ranged from 0.8–197 cm3 (mean, 27.7 cm3). Maximum tumor dose was maintained at 15–22.5 Gy (mean, 19 Gy). No radiation‐induced toxicity occurred during the follow‐up period (6–48 mo). Long‐term axial and radicular pain improvement occurred in 55 of 57 (96%) patients who were treated primarily for pain. Long‐term radiographic tumor control was seen in all patients who underwent radiosurgery as their primary treatment modality, for radiographic tumor progression, or as a postsurgical treatment.CONCLUSIONSSpinal radiosurgery was found to be feasible, safe, and clinically effective for the treatment of spinal metastases from breast carcinoma. The results indicate the potential of radiosurgery in the treatment of patients with spinal breast metastases, especially those with solitary sites of spine involvement, to improve long‐term palliation. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Impulsivity and compulsivity in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Engel Scott G. , Corneliussen Stephanie J. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Crosby Ross D. , le Grange Daniel , Crow Scott , Klein Marjorie , Bardone‐Cone Anna , Peterson Carol , Joiner Thomas , Mitchell James E. , Steiger Howard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveA primary objective of the current article is to investigate the relationship between impulsivity and compulsivity in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). A second goal is to explore the relationship between impulsivity and compulsivity and related psychiatric problems.MethodTwo‐hundred four females with BN completed several measures of impulsivity and compulsivity as well as measures of personality, substance use, eating pathology, and depression.ResultsParticipants reported considerable variability on measures of impulsivity and compulsivity and these scores were positively correlated with each other. Impulsive‐compulsive groups differed in personality, substance use, eating, and depression.ConclusionThese findings suggest that impulsivity and compulsivity can coexist in BN patients and that both traits may provide useful information about comorbid problems in women with BN. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Problematic eating and feeding behaviors of 36‐month‐old children
Authors: Lewinsohn Peter M. , Holm‐Denoma Jill M. , Gau Jeffrey M. , Joiner Thomas E. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth , Bear Patty , Lamoureux Becky 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveWe incorporated selected items from several existing instruments to create a comprehensive multifactorial instrument to measure problematic eating behaviors in young children and to examine the prevalences and correlates of these behaviors.MethodA community sample of young mothers (N = 93) completed the inventory of problematic eating behaviors for their 36‐month‐old children.ResultsThe most common child problems reported by mothers were the spitting out of food during feedings and becoming upset when food was restricted. A four‐factor solution identified pickiness (e.g., child eats a limited variety of food), food refusal (e.g., child refuses to eat specific foods), struggle for control (e.g., frequent struggles with child over food), and positive parental behavior (e.g., praising child about his/her food intake) domains. Internal consistency was moderate to good for all factors. Only the struggle for control factor was related to other problematic behaviors as measured by the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL). The food refusal factor was related to mothers' lifetime history of any psychopathology. The pickiness factor was related to mothers' lifetime history of alcohol dependence.ConclusionFindings suggest that child clinicians should be sensitive to the quality of mother‐child interactions during feeding. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of race, gender, and socioeconomic status on binge eating frequency in a population‐based sample
Authors: Reagan Patricia , Hersch Joni 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates race and gender differences in the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of frequency of binge eating using a population‐based sample.MethodAn analysis of self‐reported data on 573 women and 360 men (range, 18–97 years) from a cross‐sectional, multistage area probability sample of individuals aged 18 years and older residing in the Detroit metropolitan area conducted in 1995.ResultsFor women, the frequency of binge eating is negatively associated with age and family income, and positively associated with being married, depression, and time residing in polluted neighborhoods. For men, the frequency of binge eating is negatively associated with age. The frequency of binge eating was not affected by education, race, obesity, or current dieting.ConclusionThe frequency of binge eating is highest among adults younger than 40 years. It follows an income gradient for women, but not for men. After controls for individual disadvantage, there is no residual Black/White difference in binge eating. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in ballet students: Examination of environmental and individual risk factors
Authors: Thomas Jennifer J. , Keel Pamela K. , Heatherton Todd F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe current study compared the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among adolescent ballet dancers at national, regional, and local schools.MethodFemale ballet students (N = 239; mean age = 15.0 ± 1.5 years) from five geographically disparate summer programs completed the Eating Dis‐order Inventory (EDI) and answered questions regarding eating disorder symptoms.ResultsStudents from both national and local schools reported significantly higher EDI total, Drive for Thinness, and Perfectionism scores compared with regional students. In contrast, national students reported significantly greater dieting scores and lifetime histories of self‐induced vomiting compared with regional and local students.ConclusionEating pathology among adolescent ballet dancers may be a function of both genetic and environmental risk. Dancers who exhibit high levels of perfectionism and, perhaps consequently, place themselves in highly competitive environments, may exhibit a significantly increased risk for disordered eating in comparison to dancers who are less perfectionistic and/or place themselves in less competitive environments. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous Homogeneous Catalysis (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 20/2005)
Authors: Müller Christian , Nijkamp Marije G. , Vogt Dieter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows the concept of operating a homogeneous catalyst under continuous operation conditions: The recycling of molecular‐weight‐enlarged transition‐metal complexes by suitable filtration methods and equipment in order to combine the advantages of both classical homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Various aspects of molecular‐weight enlargement and immobilization of catalysts, and recent developments, are reported in the Microreview by D. Vogt et al. on p. 4011 ff.
An Electrochemical Robotic System for Routine Cathodic Adsorptive Stripping Analysis of Ni2+ Ion Release from Corroding NiTi Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Ruhlig Dirk , Schulte Albert , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) as highly sensitive and selective method for quantifying trace amounts of dissolved Ni2+‐ions has been integrated into an electrochemical robotic device using the wells of microtiter plates as low‐volume electrochemical cells. A three‐electrode assembly integrating a Bismuth film‐modified glassy carbon electrode as working electrode and a glass capillary for delivering Ni2+ standard solution in conjunction with an adapted software allowed multiple AdSV measuring cycles to be performed one after the other in the individual compartments of a 24‐well microtiter plate. Of advantage for the automation was the possibility of an in‐well electrochemical removal of used and a replating of fresh Bi films in between distinct measuring cycles. With optimized parameters for the accumulation of the complex between Ni2+‐ions and dimethylglyoxime onto the surface of the Bi film electrode and the subsequent stripping procedure, automated adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the established system offered a linear dynamic range of up to 170 nM, a sensitivity of 12 nA/nM Ni2+ and a limit of of detection of 2.1 nM (N=16) for the detection of trace levels of Ni2+‐ions. Automated AdSV certainly is of convenience for studying larger number of samples due to the high‐throughput capability of the robotic apparatus. As example, the automatic quantification of Ni2+‐ion release from electropolished surfaces of NiTi shape memory alloys during corrosion in NaCl solutions is described.
The influence of top management team attention patterns on global strategic posture of firms
Authors: Levy Orly 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDrawing upon the managerial cognition and the upper echelons perspectives, this study proposes that the cognitive capabilities of top executives significantly affect globalization efforts. Specifically, the study suggests that managerial attention patterns or the cognitive processes of [noticing and constructing meaning] about the environment influence strategic posture of firms. Based on a longitudinal sample of U.S. firms operating in technologically intensive industries, the results indicate that firms were more likely to develop an expansive global strategic posture when their top management paid attention to the external environment and considered a diverse set of elements in this environment. On the other hand, firms led by top management that paid more attention to the internal environment were less likely to be global. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteoclastogenesis in the nonadherent cell population of human bone marrow is inhibited by rhBMP‐2 alone or together with rhVEGF
Authors: Wan Chao , He Qiling , Li Gang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDuring bone development and repair, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodeling are closely associated processes that share some common mediators. In the present study nonadherent human bone marrow mononuclear cells under the induction of sRANKL and M‐CSF, differentiated into osteoclasts with TRAP‐positive staining, VNR expression, and Ca‐P resorptive activity. The effects of various combinations of rhBMP‐2 (0, 3, 30, and 300 ng/mL) and rhVEGF (0 and 25 ng/mL) on osteoclastogenesis potentials were examined in this experimental system. The percentages of TRAP‐positive multiple nucleated cells represent osteoclast differentiation potential, and the percentages of resorptive areas in the Ca‐P coated plates resemble osteoclast resorption capability. The presence of rhBMP‐2 at 30 and 300 ng/mL showed inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and their resorptive capability in the human osteoclast culture system. rhVEGF (25 ng/mL) enhanced the resorptive function of osteoclast whenever it was used alone or combined with 3 ng/mL rhBMP‐2. However, rhVEGF‐induced resorptive function was inhibited by 30 ng/mL and 300 ng/mL rhBMP‐2 in a dose‐dependent manner. Statistical analysis demonstrated that an interactive effect exists between rhBMP‐2 and rhVEGF on human osteoclastogenesis. These findings suggested that an interactive regulation may exist between BMPs and VEGF signaling pathways during osteoclastogenesis; exact mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Recombinant human BMP‐7 effectively prevents non‐union in both young and old rats
Authors: Hak David J. , Makino Takeshi , Niikura Takahiro , Hazelwood Scott J. , Curtiss Shane , Reddi A. Hari 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of age on the effectiveness of rhBMP‐7 treatment in a fracture with severe periosteal damage that is known to result in non‐union formation. Closed stabilized femur fractures were produced in 3‐month‐old and 18‐month‐old rats. The fracture site was exposed and 2 mm of the periosteum cauterized circumferentially to impair normal fracture healing. The cauterized fracture site was immediately treated with either 100 µg rhBMP‐7 (BMP‐7 group), or with 25 µL of vehicle alone (control group). Fracture healing was evaluated with radiographs taken at 3 and 6 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 3 and 6 weeks and specimens subjected to biomechanical and histological evaluation. In both age groups, none of the control animals healed throughout the 6 weeks experimental duration. All of the rhBMP‐7–treated 3‐month‐old animals were radiographically healed at 3 weeks. In comparison, only 56% (9/16) of the rhBMP‐7–treated 18‐month‐old animals were radiographically healed at 3 weeks. At 6 weeks, however, all of the 18‐month‐old rhBMP‐7–treated animals had healed. Histology revealed slower healing in the 18‐month‐old animals. Treatment with rhBMP‐7 significantly increased all of the biomechanical properties in both age groups. In the 3‐month‐old animals the mechanical strength approached that of the intact femur at 3 weeks, while in the 18‐month‐old animals this did not occur until 6 weeks. In conclusion, rhBMP‐7 can effectively stimulate fracture repair in both young (3‐month‐old) and old (18‐month‐old) rats. However, the effect of rhBMP‐7 on the rate of fracture healing is greater in young rats compared to old rats. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Evaluation of inherent variation in porcine M. thoracis et lumborum and M. semimembranosus
Authors: McDonagh Ciara , Mullen Anne Maria , Kerry Joseph P , Troy Declan J 
Published: October 2005

AbstractVariation in quality traits may occur between the different muscles within a carcass and also within a muscle. This study examined inter‐ and intramuscular variation and the resulting effect on measurements (pH, conductivity and colour) taken within 24 h post mortem. The effect of shackling on these quality prediction measurements was also determined. Finally the inherent variability of quality attributes within porcine M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) was examined at 4 days post mortem. Significant intermuscular variation was detected at 24 h post mortem, with higher pH and conductivity values recorded in the M. semimembranosus (SM) than in the LTL. pH and conductivity measurements in both muscle types were correlated (r = 0.46–0.88, P < 0.05) at 45 min and 3 h post mortem. CIE L* and a* values, % reflectance and Japanese pork colour scores were significantly (P < 0.001) different in the neck region (M. biventer cervicis and M. splenius) than on the surface of the SM and M. gluteus medius. An intramuscular effect was not observed in either SM or LTL muscles. Shackling did not introduce a significant variation between sides for pH, conductivity and colour measurements taken up to 24 h post mortem. At 4 days post mortem it was determined that the water‐holding capacity, tenderness (Warner–Bratzler Shear force) and composition of the LTL are not dependent on sampling location within the muscle. These results suggest that meat quality measurements are uniform throughout the LTL (loin) and that a significant relationship exists between the LTL and SM muscles. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry