bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further structural studies on the F9 (T/t) antigen(s)
Authors: Vitetta Ellen S. , Cook R. , Artzt K. , Poulik M.D. , Uhr J.W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe subunits of F9 (a product of a T/t allele) and H‐2 antigens were studied with regard to molecular weight and antigenicity. 3H‐labeled H‐2 and Relabeled F9 were reduced, mixed and electrophoresed on 4 different concentrations of acrylamide in order to detect differences between their carbohydrate moieties as well as their polypeptide chains. The major subunit (mol. wt. 44 000) of the 2 antigens co‐electrophoresed at each gel concentration. Rabbit sera raised against rat β2 ‐microglobulin (β2M), spleen cells and teratoma cells were used to immunoprecipitate molecules from lysates of radiolabeled splenocytes and teratocarcinoma cells. The anti‐spleen and anti‐β2 M sera failed to deplete lysates of F9 antigen which could be subsequently bound by specific syngeneic antiserum. In contrast, rabbit anti‐F9 depleted > 80 % of F9 molecules from the lysate. The rabbit anti‐spleen and anti‐β2M sera depleted H‐2 from spleen cell lysates but the anti‐F9 did not. These results suggest that neither the large nor the small subunits of H‐2 and F9 are immunologically cross‐reactive using rabbit sera.
Regulation of allotype expression in heterozygous rabbits III. Concomitant modulation and concomitant suppression of a2 and a3 allotypes on individual peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Kimball E. S. , Wolf B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSensitization of peripheral blood lymphocytes from heterozygous a2/a3 rabbits with purified, monospecific anti‐a3 antibodies, raised in a1/a1 rabbits, resulted in the disappearance of surface a2 and a3 allotypes (concomitant modulation) after subsequent incubation at 37°C, as determined by the mixed antiglobulin (rosette) test. Similar results were obtained when anti‐a2 antibodies were used. The dose dependence of modulation and comodulation were also studied. Testing of mixtures of homozygous a2/a2 plus a3/a3 cells never led to comodulation. Blocking studies, performed to determine the surface contiguity of a2 and a3 determinants, indicated that both allotypes are situated close together in the membrane on cells exhibiting allotype inclusion.Overnight culture in serum‐free medium revealed that cells which underwent extensive modulation and comodulation were often suppressed for both homologous and alternate allotypes (concomitant suppression). These and other data suggest that a single modulation event, in which extensive removal of cell membrane Ig occurred, could serve to inhibit the re‐expression of Ig. This may, in part, reflect interactions with membrane receptors involved in the regulation of expression of VH gene products. Implications of VH allotype inclusion are discussed.
An antiserum which recognizes lipopolysaccharidereactive B cells in the mouse
Authors: Forni Luciana , Coutinho A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit antisera have been prepared against spleen B cells from C3H/Tif mice, high responders to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After complete absorption on tissues of C3H/HeJ mice (LPS nonresponders), such antisera specifically stain and kill (in the presence of complement) a fraction of the B cells from a number of LPS high responder strains, and fail to recognize any cells in two different LPS nonresponder strains, C3H/HeJ and C57Bl/10.Sc.Cr.The ontogeny, organ and strain distribution of this B cell marker parallels LPS reactivity. Frequencies of cells stained by this antiserum correspond to the frequencies of LPS‐reactive B cell precursors recently determined. This antigen(s) is expressed by LPS‐activated B cell blasts but not by cells which remain small after 48 h in the presence of LPS. Removal of the cells recognized by the antisera leads to depletion of LPS‐reactive cells, while enriching for reactivity to another B cell mitogen, e.g. lipoprotein.
A mendelian idiotype is demonstrable in the heteroclitic anti‐NP antibodies of the mouse
Authors: Karjalainen K. , Mäkelä O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarlier work from two laboratories had shown that three mouse strains of allotype b produce a restricted response to hapten (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP). These antibodies shared a peculiar heteroclitic fine specificity and exhibited a predictable although polyclonal isoelectric focusing (IEF) pattern in most of these mice. These characteristics were controlled by (an) Ig‐1‐linked gene(s) (VHNFb). We report studies with a guinea pig anti‐idiotype serum which recognized the products of the VHNPb gene (idiotype NP‐b) but not other Ig. Binding of idiotype NP‐b was hapten‐inhibitable.Idiotype NP‐b was the predominant (> 85%) antibody population in the primary and secondary responses of C57BL/6, and also in F1 hybrid mice between C57BL/6 and an idiotype‐negative strain. By preparative IEF, idiotype NP‐b was separated into fractions (IgG1(λ) which had different affinities for the anti‐idiotype, and also slightly different binding affinities for analogues of NP.Lambda1 light chain seems to be required for the expression of the idiotype gene, but with the exception of the SJL strain, the light chain is not responsible for the observed genetic polymorphism. Besides, λ is the predominant light chain in idiotype‐negative anti‐NP antibodies at least in strains BALB/c, SM, DBA, A/J and RF but not in strains CBA, AKR, NZB and SJL.
Conditions for maximal synthesis of cyclic AMP by mouse macrophages in response to β‐adrenergic stimulation
Authors: Welscher H. D. , Cruchaud A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of cyclic AMP by mouse peritoneal macrophages in response to stimulation by isoproterenol was studied as a function of drug concentration, incubation time and cell density. Cyclic AMP levels of macrophages increased 3 to 3.5 times over the control level 20 sec after the addition of 10−3 Misoproterenol. Under these conditions the dose response could be followed down to an isoproterenol concentration of 10−6 to 10−7 M. When cell suspensions were inactivated as early as 1 sec after the addition of the drug, the increase in cyclic AMP was much greater (153 vs. 25 pmol/107 cells). Macrophage suspensions of high cell density were less responsive than those of low cell density. In the absence of any inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, the stimulatory effect of isoproterenol was always of short duration. The maximal effect of β‐adrenergic stimulation probably occurs in less than 1 sec at a cell density less than 2 × 106 cells/ml. The β‐blocking drug Visken abolished the observed effects.
Shedding of anti‐IgM from antibody‐coated human lymphoma lines: Differences between Epstein‐Barr virus‐negative lines and their virus‐converted sublines
Authors: Yefenof E. , Lundin Lena , Klein G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vitro converted, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) genome‐carrying cell lines showed a reduced ability to shed surface‐bound antibodies, compared to their EBV‐free parental B lymphoma lines. On the other hand, antibody degradation was higher with EBV‐positive cells. Analysis of antibody‐coated single cells revealed that cells which failed t o redistribute or cap their ligand‐bound surface components at 37 °C, were also capable of shedding bound antibody. This suggests that capping and shedding are essentially independent phenomena, although both may be influenced by the same virally induced change in the lateral mobility of membrane constituents.
The spontaneous development of thymocytotoxic antibodies in athymic nude mice and its suppression after transfer of syngeneic thymocytes
Authors: Izui S. , Louis J. , Lambert P.‐H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAthymic nude mice early in life spontaneously develop a high level of thymocytotoxic antibodies which have characteristics similar to the thymocytotoxic autoantibodies occurring in young NZB mice. Thymocytotoxic activity was no longer detectable in the serum of nude mice two weeks after the intravenous injection of syngeneic thymocytes, although the levels of spontaneously occurring anti‐DNA and anti‐hapten antibodies were not affected by the cell transfer.
Immunity to transplantable carcinogen‐induced fibrosarcomas in B2/B2 chickens. III. Tumor growth inhibition by local delayed hypersensitivity reactions to unrelated antigens
Authors: Palladino M. A. , Jeanette Thorbecke G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDelayed hypersensitivity (DH) reaction to human Ig, corynebacterium parvum or allogeneic cells at the site of tumor cell injection, suppressed the fibrosarcoma (SCFS) growth in chickens. Spleen cells of SC chickens sensitized to human Ig or C. parvum suppressed SCFS growth when adoptively transferred with tumor cells, but only when the sensitizing antigen was present locally. This suppression did not occur in irradiated recipients. SCFS I cells injected into wattles of chickens immune to the tumor, provoked a local DH reaction. Spleen cells from donors sensitized to SCFS I adoptively transferred immunity to both SCFS I and SCFS II when cells of the two tumors were mixed together before injection, but not when SCFS II cells were injected alone. Tumor‐specific and nontumor‐specific DH may be essential for local suppression of fibrosarcoma growth in chickens.
Evidence for independent genetic regulation of the expression of different antibody classes in anti‐sheep red blood cell responses
Authors: Seman M. , Chevalier Florence , Stanislawski M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree levels of variation are described in the response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Inbred strains of mice are distinguishable in terms of early or late kinetics of IgM response, high or low overall IgG response, and the relative expression of IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b antibody in their response to SRBC. Results using C57BL/10 hybrid progeny strongly suggest a genetic control of these different aspects of the anti‐SRBC response. The IgM kinetic pattern and the quantitative IgG response are regulated by two independent multigenic systems. Evidence is also presented for a distinction between the genes controlling the quantitative IgG response and those which control the 7 S isotypic pattern. IgG2a antibody expression seems regulated by a single gene. Neither group of genes involved in these various types of regulation seems directly linked to the H‐2 complex or to the CH allotype. The hypothesis that 4 different sets of genes might control IgM, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b expression is discussed.
Induction of immunological tolerance to the penicilloyl antigenic determinant. II. Evaluation of stable and unstable penicilloyl dextrans
Authors: Schneider C. H. , Otz Ursula , Gruden Elsbeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA specific tolerant state to the major antigenic determinant of penicillin allergy, the penicilloyl group, was induced in C3H mice primarily immunized with penicilloylated bovine gamma globulin in complete Freund's adjuvant. Tolerance was obtained by intraperitoneal administration of either of two penicilloyl‐bearing dextrans of molecular weight 2 × 106. One conjugate contained penicilloyl groups stably bound via a 1,6‐diaminohexane spacer, the other bore the penicilloyl groups directly bound to the hydroxyl groups of the carrier. These directly bound penicilloyl groups undergo hydrolytic cleavage within 3 days under physiological conditions in neutral aqueous solution. Model experiments showed that the rapid cleavage into carrier and haptenic derivatives also applies to penicilloylated dextran in receptor‐bound and particulate form, as may be expected from the highly hydrophilic character of the conjugate. The stable conjugate at 1 mg and the cleavable conjugate at 4 mg doses induced comparable tolerance lasting for at least 8–12 weeks.For hapten‐dextran tolerance these findings make very unlikely any mechanism requiring the continuous presence of unmodified tolerogen on the membrane or in the interior of tolerant cells, and imply second‐stage processes to explain the long duration of unresponsiveness. They also show that cleavable penicilloyl tolerogens may be considered for prospective clinical use.
Antigen‐specific suppression of cytotoxic T cell responses in mice. I. Suppressor T cells are not cytotoxic cells
Authors: Al‐Adra A. R. , Pilarski Linda M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe main conclusion from these experiments is that the antigen‐specific suppressor T cell of mice which inhibits the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes is not itself a cytotoxic T cell. This conclusion is supported by two main observations: first, a certain cell number from first‐step cultures which was suppressive in the presence of a high dose of antigen actually helped the cytotoxic response at a lower antigen dose. This observation is difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis that suppression is due to the killing of the stimulator or the responder cells in the second‐step culture by cytotoxic T cells. Second, cells from first‐step cultures of cortisone‐treated mice displayed cytotoxic activity but had no suppressive effect on the generation of killer cells. It was further demonstrated that these cells failed to influence in any way the suppressive effect, however weak, of cells from first‐step cultures of normal spleen. We therefore favor the view that the suppression observed in this system is due to a regulatory signal which occurs as a result of the ability of both inhibitory cells and responder cells to recognize and respond to allogeneic determinants expressed on the surface of stimulator cells.The suppressor T cells described here act by linked associative recognition of antigen. That is, suppressor T cells only inhibit the induction of a precursor cytotoxic T cell in the presence of an antigen to which both the precursor cell and the suppressor cell can bind. In this sense, suppressors act in a manner analogous to helper T cells in T‐B cell cooperation; carrier‐specific helper T cells only enhance an anti‐hapten B cell response in the presence of hapten‐carrier conjugates. Similarly, alloantigen a (carrier)‐specific suppressor T cells only inhibit alloantigen b (hapten)‐specific cytotoxic responses in the presence of (a × b)F1 stimulator cells (hapten‐carrier conjugate), not in the presence of a mixture of parental stimulator cells (a + b).
Prevention of immunoglobulin production by allotypedependent T cells
Authors: Bosma M. J. , Bosma G. C. , Owen J. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdoptive lymphocyte transfers between Iga, Igb and Igd allotype‐congenic mouse strains revealed host barriers against the production of certain donor allotypes. First, as recipients of Igb cells, Iga and Igd mice permitted the production of donor Ig‐4b but not that of Ig‐lb. The apparent mediators of this Ig‐lb barrier were T cells specific for Ig‐lb determinants on B cells. Additional cell transfers showed Iga mice to have a second barrier against allotype production by Igd donor cells. Reciprocal cell transfers showed Igb and Igd mice to have comparatively weak barriers against Iga‐producing cells.As host barriers were absent in mice deficient for T cells (athymic nude mice), it appears that they are T cell‐mediated. Further, the allotype‐dependence of such barriers means that the antigens responsible must be under the control of allotype‐linked genes. The regulatory implications of this for the immune system are discussed.
Idiotype‐specific T helper cells are required to induce idiotype‐positive B memory cells to secrete antibody
Authors: Woodland R. , Cantor H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have tested the proposition that induction of certain sets of B cell clones to produce antibody requires a signal from T helper cells that recognize idiotypic determinants expressed on Ig receptors of the relevant B cell clones. The approach is based on the analysis of T cell populations required to induce B cells to secrete anti‐arsonate antibodies that are marked by a cross‐reactive idiotype (CRId). CRId+ anti‐azophenyl arsonate (Ar) antibodies are produced in A/J strain mice after immunization with Ar keyhole limpet hemocyanin and represent 20–70% of the total anti‐Ar antibody response.These studies indicate that antibody secretion by idiotype+ B memory cells requires two signals: one provided by “carrier”‐specific Ly‐1 cells, and a second delivered by idiotype‐specific Ly‐1 cells. Both signals are required for optimal induction of idiotype+ B memory clones.
Incorporation of rat histocompatibility (AgB) antigens into liposomes, and their susceptibility to immune lysis
Authors: Willoughby Eileen M. , Turner M. J. , Sanderson A. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purification of detergent‐solubilized rat histocompatibility antigens is described. The antigen may readily be incorporated into synthetic vesicles (liposomes) which appear to be unilamellar and between 0.1 μm and 0.2 μm in diameter. The addition of specific antibody leads to the agglutination and precipitation of the liposomes. An enzyme, horseradish peroxidase, may be incorporated into the trapped aqueous phase of the liposome, and its release by antibody and complement can be detected.
Specific antigens of chicken thymus
Authors: Pace Judith L. , Barger B. O. , Dawe D. L. , Ragland W. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurified plasma membranes from chicken thymus and bursa cells were prepared and solubilized with sarkosyl (sodium salt of N‐methyl‐N‐(1‐oxodecyl)‐glycine). Antisera to solubilized thymus plasma membrane (TPM) were produced in rabbits and the globulin fraction obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Four precipitating antigens were detected in solubilized TPM by immunoelectrophoresis. Following absorption with chicken serum and bursa plasma membrane (BPM) immunosorbents, three antigens, designated T1, T2, T3, were specific for the TPM fraction, and one antigen, T1, was found in soluble extracts of thymus tissue. Absorption with isolated plasma membrane and whole cells indicated that the T1 and T2 antigens in solubilized TPM are associated with the plasma membrane but not expressed on the surface of the cell. A common antigen, designated BT, was detected in BPM and TPM fractions and in membrane preparations of spleen. The antigens were not detected in any other tissues or cells including brain, circulating lymphocytes and erythrocytes.
Cytological and functional analysis of inflammatory infiltrates in human malignant tumors I. Composition of the inflammatory infiltrates
Authors: Häyry P. , Tötterman T. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen individual human tumors displaying an unusually strong inflammatory reaction were disaggregated with a mixture of collagenase and deoxyribonuclease. The dispersed cellular materials consisted of approximately equal numbers of cancer cells, nonmalignant parenchymal cells and inflammatory leukocytes. As the erythrocyte/leukocyte ratio in the dispersed material was only 2:1, as compared to 290:1 in the blood, any notable blood contamination was excluded. The differential counts and the subclass distribution of the infiltrating lymphocytes were established directly from the initial dispersed material without any prior purification of the infiltrating cells. Three distinct types of inflammatory infiltrates were recorded which correlated to some extent with the cancer type and the tumor localization in the body. In three cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma and one case of mammary carcinoma, the infiltrate consisted of approximately equal proportions of lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Most of the lymphocytes in these lesions were sheep red blood cell (SRBC) nonrosetteforming, surface Ig‐negative “null” lymphocytes. In three cases of testicular seminoma, the infiltrate was predominantly lymphocytic, though also plasma cells and plasmablasts were present in substantial numbers. In this tumor, nearly all infiltrating lymphocytes were SRBC‐ and α‐naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)‐positive T lymphocytes. Finally, in two cases of ovarial papillary carcinoma and one case of uterine carcinosarcoma, the infiltrate consisted of approximately equal proportions of plasma cells plus lymphocytes, tissue macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Equal numbers of T, B and null lymphocytes were present in the infiltrating lymphocyte population. Seventy‐four to 100% of the infiltrating macrophages, when present, expressed the Fc receptor for IgG, and half of the infiltrating monocytes carried this surface marker. The results thus demonstrate that the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in different human cancers is highly variable, probably reflecting the type of tumor, its localization in the body, the stage of tumor growth and possibly the type of immune response.
Identification of an IgD‐like surface immunoglobulin on rabbit lymphocytes
Authors: Sire Joséphine , Collé Allain , Bourgois Alain 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit immunoglobulin antigen receptor molecules were analyzed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. By sequential precipitation, using first anti‐μ and then anti‐L chain antisera, two different immunoglobulins of similar molecular weight could be demonstrated. After tryptic digestion, two fractions were identified: an IgMs and an Fab fragment, the latter appearing after a few minutes of incubation. Thus, as in man and in the mouse, two main immunoglobulin antigen receptors were found in the rabbit. One receptor on rabbit lymphocytes is an IgMs molecule, and the other is easily split in the hinge region like human and mouse IgD receptors.
A human thymocyte antigen defined by a hybrid myeloma monoclonal antibody
Authors: McMichael Andrew J. , Pilch Jennifer R. , Fabre John W. , Mason David Y. , Galfré Giovani , Milstein Cesar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with human thymocytes were fused with the myeloma line P3‐NS1/1Ag 4.1. One of the resulting hybrid clones (NA1/34) secreted an antibody that was highly specific for human thymocytes. Eighty‐five % of thymocytes expressed the antigen designated HTA1. There were an estimated 15 × 104 molecules of HTA1 per cell, and it is therefore a major surface molecule. The expression of this antigen on thymocytes appears to be reciprocal to HLA, as recognized by another monoclonal antibody W6/32. Immunoprecipitated material from [125I]‐labeled thymocyte membranes was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate which disclosed a single component of 45 000 molecular weight.
Deficiency of high‐affinity anti‐β‐D‐galactosidase antibodies in selected low immune responder mice
Authors: de Macario Everly Conway , Macario Alberto J. L. , Heumann Anne‐Marie , Biozzi Guido 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmount and affinity of anti‐β‐D‐galactosidase‐activating antibodies (AAb) were studied in two lines of mice obtained by selective breeding for antibody response to heterologous erythrocytes. These lines, referred to as high (H) and low (L) lines, differ also in their responses to many antigens. Concerning AAb amounts, the maximal titer in H mice is higher than in L mice. However, the AAb levels in H mice decreased with increasing immunizing doses and became lower than in L mice for the highest dose. This fact can be explained in terms of intramolecular competition or suppression. Whereas the usual maturation pattern was observed in H mice, no AAb of high affinity were found in L mice, even after a minimal immunizing dose. At any dose tested, no maturation of AAb occurred until three months after immunization. This deficiency may be ascribed to B lymphocyte or macrophage modifications. A correlation between the deficiency of high‐affinity AAb in L mice and their genetically induced low antibody responsiveness cannot be proved.