bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cultivar and cultivation on sensory profiles of fresh strawberries and their purées
Authors: Kovačević Danijela Bursać , Vahčić Nada , Levaj Branka , Dragović‐Uzelac Verica 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to delineate and compare the sensory profiles of four different strawberry cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), Elsanta, Marmolada, Maya and Queen Elisa, grown in Croatia in both conventional and organic cultivation. Sensory profiles of the fresh fruit and their purées were determined by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). ANOVA was applied to establish the differences between the intensities of sensory attributes of the fresh strawberries and their purées, arising from the employment of different cultivars and different cultivation types. Seven sensory attributes (out of 14 investigated) showed variations among fresh fruit samples and their purées, two types of cultivation and four cultivars. Sensory attributes, in terms of sour, sweet and harmonious tastes and colour intensity, were compared to the results of experimental physicochemical measurements of titratable acidity (TA), pH, total solids (TS), soluble solids (SS), quality index (SS/TA) and total amounts of anthocyanins, and showed strong correlations between them. The results of this study were also evaluated using multivariate modelling methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA). PCA showed that, regardless of cultivar employed, the attributes best characterizing the fresh samples under evaluation were sweet and harmonious taste, firmness, and floury and aqueous texture, while the purée samples could be best described by earthy and green flavour, off‐odour and off‐flavour, homogeneous texture, strawberry odour, viscous texture and sour taste. PCA of the sensory data showed that the analysed sensory attributes could be clearly linked to different cultivars and different cultivation types, for both the fresh samples and their purées. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PUHCA reform to make IPPs consolidate
Authors: Willett Robert E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOver the last decade, independent power producers (IPPs), which produce electricity and which are not regulated by the Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA),have been a bright spot in the gas‐demand picture. Although today only about 35 percent of electric power is generated by these companies, by the endof the decade this proportion should triple.The impact on the natural gas industry is substantial. Slightly less than two‐thirds of the electric power that is provided by IPPs is provided by gas (the reminder is hydroelectric). Moreover , new electric generation is forecasted to provide about half of the growth that the gas industry will enjoy for the rest of the decade.Thus, legislation that affects IPPs could sharply affect the growth of the natural gas indusrty. Such legislation , which reforms PUHCA, has been proposed in a Senate bill, the competitive wholesale electric generation bill
Single dose of a dopamine agonist impairs reinforcement learning in humans: Evidence from event‐related potentials and computational modeling of striatal‐cortical function
Authors: Santesso Diane L. , Evins A. Eden , Frank Michael J. , Schetter Erika C. , Bogdan Ryan , Pizzagalli Diego A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAnimal findings have highlighted the modulatory role of phasic dopamine (DA) signaling in incentive learning, particularly in the acquisition of reward‐related behavior. In humans, these processes remain largely unknown. In a recent study, we demonstrated that a single low dose of a D2/D3 agonist (pramipexole)—assumed to activate DA autoreceptors and thus reduce phasic DA bursts—impaired reward learning in healthy subjects performing a probabilistic reward task. The purpose of this study was to extend these behavioral findings using event‐related potentials and computational modeling. Compared with the placebo group, participants receiving pramipexole showed increased feedback‐related negativity to probabilistic rewards and decreased activation in dorsal anterior cingulate regions previously implicated in integrating reinforcement history over time. Additionally, findings of blunted reward learning in participants receiving pramipexole were simulated by reduced presynaptic DA signaling in response to reward in a neural network model of striatal‐cortical function. These preliminary findings offer important insights on the role of phasic DA signals on reinforcement learning in humans and provide initial evidence regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain mechanisms underlying these processes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudohomophone effects provide evidence of early lexico‐phonological processing in visual word recognition
Authors: Braun Mario , Hutzler Florian , Ziegler Johannes C. , Dambacher Michael , Jacobs Arthur M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPrevious research using event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) suggested that phonological processing in visual word recognition occurs rather late, typically after semantic or syntactic processing. Here, we show that phonological activation in visual word recognition can be observed much earlier. Using a lexical decision task, we show that ERPs to pseudohomophones (PsHs) (e.g., ROZE) differed from well‐matched spelling controls (e.g., ROFE) as early as 150 ms (P150) after stimulus onset. The PsH effect occurred as early as the word frequency effect suggesting that phonological activation occurs early enough to influence lexical access. Low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis (LORETA) revealed that left temporoparietal and right frontotemporal areas are the likely brain regions associated with the processing of phonological information at the lexical level. Altogether, the results show that phonological processes are activated early in visual word recognition and play an important role in lexical access. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural correlates of personally familiar faces: Parents, partner and own faces
Authors: Taylor Margot J. , Arsalidou Marie , Bayless Sarah J. , Morris Drew , Evans Jennifer W. , Barbeau Emmanuel J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractInvestigations of the neural correlates of face recognition have typically used old/new paradigms where subjects learn to recognize new faces or identify famous faces. Familiar faces, however, include one's own face, partner's and parents' faces. Using event‐related fMRI, we examined the neural correlates of these personally familiar faces. Ten participants were presented with photographs of own, partner, parents, famous and unfamiliar faces and responded to a distinct target. Whole brain, two regions of interest (fusiform gyrus and cingulate gyrus), and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Compared with baseline, all familiar faces activated the fusiform gyrus; own faces also activated occipital regions and the precuneus; partner faces activated similar areas, but in addition, the parahippocampal gyrus, middle superior temporal gyri and middle frontal gyrus. Compared with unfamiliar faces, only personally familiar faces activated the cingulate gyrus and the extent of activation varied with face category. Partner faces also activated the insula, amygdala and thalamus. Regions of interest analyses and laterality indices showed anatomical distinctions of processing the personally familiar faces within the fusiform and cingulate gyri. Famous faces were right lateralized whereas personally familiar faces, particularly partner and own faces, elicited bilateral activations. Regression analyses show experiential predictors modulated with neural activity related to own and partner faces. Thus, personally familiar faces activated the core visual areas and extended frontal regions, related to semantic and person knowledge and the extent and areas of activation varied with face type. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship Between Expression of Hepatitis B Virus Antigens in Isolated Hepatocytes and Autologous Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Naumov Nikolai V. , Mondelli Mario , Alexander Graeme J. M. , Tedder Richard S. , Eddleston Adrian L. W. F. , Williams Roger 
Published: August 2008

Previous studies demonstrated that peripheral blood lymphocytes are cytotoxic to autologous hepatocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. We examined whether cytotoxicity is specifically directed against hepatocytes expressing HBsAg or HBcAg. Viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence in isolated hepatocytes before and after exposure to T and non-T lymphocytes from 28 patients with chronic HBV infection in an autologous cytotoxicity assay.
There was significant reduction in the percentage of HBcAg-positive hepatocytes after exposure to T lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, after exposure to non-T cells; hepatocytes expressing HBsAg were not affected. Other studies showed that many hepatocytes containing HBcAg have IgG of anti-HBc specificity bound to their nuclei. In the present study, there was significant association between the presence of HBcAg and nuclear IgG in isolated hepatocytes. The ratio between the percentages of HBcAg-positive and IgG-positive hepatocytes (reflecting the proportion of hepatocytes containing free-core antigen) correlated significantly with reduction in HBcAg-positive liver cells after exposure to T cells, but not to non-T cells.
These results suggest that hepatocytes in which viral replication is occurring and which express core determinants are susceptible to cell-mediated cytotoxicity and that T-cell cytolysis may be modulated by anti-HBc which is bound to hepatocytes.
Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Biliary Bile Acid and Bile Lipid Composition in Gallstone Patients
Authors: Stiehl Adolf , Raedsch Richard , Rudolph Gerda , Walker Siegfried 
Published: August 2008

In five patients with radiolucent gallstones, the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (Urso) in doses of 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 mg per day on biliary lipid and bile acid composition was studied. Biliary cholesterol decreased from 8.8 ± 0.8 mole% to 4.4 ± 0.2 mole% at 500 mg Urso per day (7.1 mg per kg) and to 4.2 ± 0.3 mole% at 750 mg Urso per day (10.7 mg per kg). Administration of 1,000 or 1,250 mg Urso per day produced no further decrease of biliary cholesterol. The biliary content of phospholipids and total bile acids remained unchanged.
During Urso treatment, the relative amounts of glyco-Urso and tauro-Urso in bile increased. Glyco-Urso reached a plateau at 49.1 ± 2.1% of total bile acids during treatment with 1,000 mg Urso per day, and tauro-Urso increased up to 4.3 ± 1.5% of total bile acids at 250 mg Urso per day. Simultaneously cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid decreased.
The data indicate that Urso treatment reduces biliary cholesterol efficiently already at a dose of 500 mg per day; biliary bile acid composition changes up to 1,000 mg Urso per day. Doses greater than 1,000 mg per day produced no additional alterations in bile composition.
Importance of Local Proliferation in the Expanding Kupffer Cell Population of Rat Liver After Zymosan Stimulation and Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Bouwens Luc , Baekeland Marijke , Wisse Eddie 
Published: August 2008

Partial hepatectomy and a single intravenous injection of zymosan were used to provoke expansion of the Kupffer cell population in rat liver. The number of Kupffer cells per microscopic field increased exponentially for 4 to 5 days after either stimulation. During this exponential growth phase, high mitotic activity of Kupffer cells was observed.
The rate of mitosis, based on counts of cells arrested in metaphase by vinblastin, was compared with the increase in total cell population. During the first 3 days after partial hepatectomy, local proliferation was sufficient to explain the increase in population since the mean potential doubling time was 1.3 days compared to an observed doubling time of 3.7 days. During the first 3 days after zymosan stimulation, observed doubling time was 4.3 days compared with the mean potential doubling time of 5.2 days which led to the conclusion that growth is largely due to local proliferation of Kupffer cells. In both experimental situations, extrahepatic recruitment of “resident-type” macrophages was required during the last 2 days of the growth phase, since mitotic activity became too low to explain the observed growth. Proliferating Kupffer cells had characteristics of mature resident macrophages and were, therefore, considered to be different from elicited “exudate-type” cells, such as monocytes.
Biosynthesis of Abnormally Glycosylated α-Antitrypsin by a Human Hepatoma Cell Line†
Authors: Carlson Joyce , Eriksson Sten , Alm Ragnar , Kjellstrom Thomas 
Published: August 2008

The human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5 synthesized and secreted a functioal α-antitrypsin (α-AT) glycoprotein with normal molecular size but retarded electrophoretic mobility. The total process of translation, glycosylation and export required about 40 min and followed the same synthetic pattern as seen in rat hepatocytes, i.e., a signal peptide is cleaved cotranslationally; a core-glycosylated protein in the high-mannose form is formed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, trimmed, and a stable complex-glycosylated α 1-AT is found intracellularly prior to export. α 1-AT export to medium was delayed by tunicamycin, inhibited by cycloheximide but unaffected by colchicine. After addition of exogenous α 1-AT to culture medium, neither negative nor positive feedback induction of synthesis could be demonstrated.
Electrophoretic techniques indicated the presence of atypical, highly branched but incompletely sialylated carbohydrate chains in the hepatoma cell-derived α 1-AT. The accumulation of intracellular α 1-AT inclusions seen in the endoplasmic reticulum may reflect an imbalance between a high rate of polypeptide synthesis and terminal glycosylation.
(+)-Cyanidanol-3 in the Treatment of Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schomerus Hans , Wiedmann Karl H. , Dölle Wolfgang , Peerenboom Herrmann , Strohmeyer Georg , Balzer Klaus , Goebell Harald , Dürr Hans K. , Bode Christian , Blum André L. , Frösner Gert , Gerlich Wolfram , Berg Peter A. , Dietz Klaus 
Published: August 2008

One-hundred sixty patients (81 cyanidanol, 79 placebo) were included in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of 3 gm (+)-cyanidanol-3 per day for 8 weeks on the clinical course of acute viral hepatitis and HBsAg elimination. Quantitative determination of HBsAg was performed at frequent intervals.
The mean time for serum bilirubin to decrease to 1.3 mg per dl was 30.8 ± 3.5 days in the treated group and 52.2 ± 9.8 days in the control group, (p < 0.025). The time for SGOT to decrease to 100 IU per liter was 17.98 ± 1.82 in the treated group and 26.53 ± 3.7 in the control group (p < 0.025). No significant difference in the evolution of other laboratory values or symptoms was found. The elimination rate of HBsAg was identical in both groups. Treatment did not alter the incidence of chronicity.
A Randomized Controlled Study of Propranolol for Prevention of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Final Report
Authors: Lebrec Didier , Poynard Thierry , Bernuau Jacques , Bercoff Eric , Nouel Olivier , Capron Jean-Pierre , Poupon Raoul , Bouvry Michel , Rueff Bernard , Benhamou Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2008

We have previously reported the results of a controlled trial showing that continuous oral administration of propranolol reduced the risk of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis; only part of our patients had been followed for 1 year. This controlled trial was continued for an additional year; accordingly, all of our patients have now been followed for at least 2 years. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether prolonged administration enhances the efficacy of this therapy.
Seventy-four patients with cirrhosis, admitted for an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding, were included in this study; ascites, jaundice and encephalopathy were absent or mild and transient. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups; one group of 38 patients received propranolol twice daily at doses that reduced the resting heart rate by 25%, the other group of 36 patients received a placebo twice daily. The cumulative percentages of patients free of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding 1 and 2 years after inclusion were 87 and 79% in the propranolol group, and 42 and 32% in the placebo group; both differences were highly significant (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the cumulative percentages of surviving patients 1 and 2 years after inclusion were 94 and 90% in the propranolol group, and 84 and 57% in the placebo group; the difference between the two groups was not significant at 1 year, but was statistically significant at 2 years (p < 0.02). We conclude that, in patients with cirrhosis in good condition, propranolol reduced the risk of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and the mortality rate during the 2-year period of continuous oral administration of the drug.
Hepatic Peptidyl Prolyl Hydroxylase Activity and Liver Fibrosis-A Prospective Study of 94 Infants and Children with Hepatobiliary Disorders
Authors: Trivedi Premila , Tanner Stuart M. , Portmann Bernard , Mcclement Janet , Mowat Alex P. 
Published: August 2008

To assess whether hepatic peptidyl prolyl hydroxylase (PPH) activity could serve as a practical quantitative indicator of hepatic fibrosis or aid in the categorization, diagnosis or prognosis of hepatobiliary disorders in infancy and childhood, the activity of this enzyme has been determined prospectively by a tritium release method in 97 biopsies from 94 infants and children with the following conditions: acute hepatitis of infancy, 10 patients; extrahepatic biliary atresia, 13; previous hepatitis of infancy, 8; α-1-antitrypsin deficiency, 6; chronic active hepatitis, 17; chronic persistent hepatitis, 5; glycogen storage disease, 5; and 25 patients with a miscellanea of other liver disorders. PPH activity was considered in relation to diagnosis, biochemical and histological abnormality and subsequent prognosis over a 4-year period. Five liver biopsies which showed no histological abnormality were considered as “controls” having PPH values of 0.72 ± 0.47 (mean ± S.D.). PPH activity was significantly elevated in acute hepatitis of infancy, 9 of the 10 infants having PPH >1.66 units (i.e., mean ± 2 S.D. of the “control” value). Nine infants (70%) with extrahepatic biliary atresia also had PPH activity above this value, as did two with a-1-antitrypsin deficiency and 12 patients all in different diagnostic categories. PPH activity did not correlate with hepatic fibrosis as indicated by hepatic hydroxyproline concentration or by histological assessment, or with biochemical tests of liver function within any diagnostic group or in the series as a whole.
PPH activity was similar in biopsies with and without histological features of cirrhosis. Of the 32 patients with significantly elevated PPH activity, deterioration of their hepatic state in the subsequent 4 years occurred in only 10: 5 with extrahepatic biliary atresia and individual children with acute hepatitis of infancy, α-1-antitrypsin deficiency, biliary hypoplasia, cystic fibrosis and biliary cirrhosis associated with hypogammaglobulinemia.
Thus, although elevated PPH activity may indicate an increase in hepatic collagen biosynthesis at the time of biopsy, it does not appear to be a prognostic indicator of progressive liver damage. We conclude that the determination of hepatic PPH activity is of no diagnostic or prognostic value in hepatobiliary disorders in childhood, and the need for a practical method of monitoring persisting or continuing accumulation of fibrous tissue within the liver remains.
Effects of Nutrition on Unconjugated Plasma Bilirubin Concentrations in Squirrel Monkeys†
Authors: Portman Oscar W. , Alexander Manfred , Cornelius Charles E. , Chowdhury Jayanta Roy , Chowdhury Namita Roy , Arias Irwin M. 
Published: August 2008

Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) have fasting unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (males: 2.0 ± 0.14; females: 3.0 ± 0.26 mg per dl) which resembles that of humans with Gilbert's syndrome. Closely related Brazilian squirrel monkeys have fasting levels (males: 0.29 ± 0.045; females: 0.36 ± 0.073 mg per dl) similar to normal people. The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying mechanisms and the nutritional factors involved. Both Bolivian and Brazilian squirrel monkeys had higher plasma bilirubin concentrations after an 18 hr fast than 4 hr after feeding. The development of fasting hyperbilirubinemia was progressive for at least 24 hr. Both populations that received a semipurified diet containing 5% fat had lower fasting and postprandial plasma bilirubin concentrations than did animals receiving 0.3% fat but much lower than those receiving 20% fat. The emulsified complete meal, or glucose, sucrose, casein, or lactalbumin alone when given by intragastric tube lowered the plasma bilirubin levels of Bolivian monkeys to less than one-half of fasting values within 1 to 4 hr. Water or butter did not have a significant effect. Glucose or fructose, when given intravenously, lowered the plasma bilirubin levels to less than half of fasting values; the fat emulsion, Intralipid, did not have a statistically significant effect. Subcutaneous epinephrine increased plasma glucose concentrations and reduced plasma bilirubin concentrations. When glucose or glucose plus butter were given by stomach tube to Bolivian squirrel monkeys for 48 hr, a very low plasma bilirubin concentration resulted whereas butter given alone resulted in high values.
Fasting Bolivian squirrel monkeys had impaired plasma clearance of [3H]bilirubin; intravenous glucose normalized the pattern. Glucose administration markedly increased excretion of bilirubin into bile. Glucose or bilirubin given intravenously or sucrose administered by gastric tube lowered plasma bile acid concentrations. The complete ration or fat given alone by gastric tube raised plasma bile acid concentrations.
Thus carbohydrate, but not fat, lowered fasting hyperbilirubinemia and increased bilirubin excretion in Bolivian squirrel monkeys. Exogenous glucose may increase the availability of UDP-glucuronate for hepatic conjugation of bilirubin in the fasting subject.
Transmission of Duck Hepatitis B Virus from Chinese Carrier Ducks to Japanese Ducklings: A Study of Viral DNA in Serum and Tissue
Authors: Omata Masao , Yokosuka Osamu , Imazeki Fumio , Matsuyama Yasuhisa , Uchiumi Katsuo , Ito Yoshimi , Mori Junko , Okuda Kunio 
Published: August 2008

Human hepatitis B-like viruses have been found in several animal species, including Chinese ducks. Sera from Chinese carrier ducks which were positive for duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were inoculated in 33 Japanese one-day-old ducklings. The same sera were inoculated in four 3-week-old ducklings, and three 3-month-oId ducks. Ten uninoculated ducklings served as controls. Hepatitis B e-antigen positive human sera and DNA polymerase-positive woodchuck sera were also inoculated into ducklings. DHBV was demonstrated in serum of all ducklings inoculated at one day of age and persisted for more than 6 months in 17 of 20 ducks. In the three ducks in which viremia disappeared, viral DNA was found in liver tissue. Southern hybridization revealed only free viral DNA in infected ducks. Only 1 of 7 ducklings inoculated at 3 weeks or later developed persistent infection. No cross-infectivity by hepatitis B virus or by woodchuck hepatitis virus was demonstrated.
By inoculating DHBV-positive sera into 1-day-old ducklings of a virus-free Japanese flock, we were able to transmit DHBV in all of them and established a chronic carrier state in all ducks which were inoculated at 1 day of age.