bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Influence on the Development Design Selection of an Actual System
Authors: Saidi Farah B. , Upchurch John L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The field under evaluation is situated approximately 50 miles from shore inwater depths ranging from 1,300 ft to 2,300 ft. Since the field is nearer to shore than at least one other long subsea tieback the operator felt that itmight be possible to develop it using only subsea equipment. However, beforeproceeding we needed to evaluate a number of options to verify that a longsubsea tieback really was technologically feasible and would be costeffective.
Five development options were initially considered to transport up to 600mmscfd of natural gas and associated condensate and water to shore. The optionsconsidered were a Long Distance Subsea Tieback, Subsea Tieback to a Shallow Water Platform (with full and minimal processing capability), Subsea Tiebackwith a Local Control Platform, and Subsea Tieback to a Floating Production and Storage facility.
A common concern among all of the proposed development options was flowassurance - mainly, the required line sizes, formation of hydrates and slugging. Numerous hydraulic cases were investigated using PIPESIMi (steadystate multiphase flow simulator) and OLGAii (three phase transient simulator)for the two most probable development options under operational conditions. Results from these analyses played a major role in confirming the technicalfeasibility a Long Distance Subsea Tieback and in the selection of a Long Distance Subsea Tieback as the preferred development strategy.
This paper discusses the methodology used for the analysis, results andfindings of the investigation, and the recommendations that ultimately led tothe selection of the final development solution.

Introduction
The operator had discovered a large gas field in water depths of 1,300 ft to 2,300 ft and wanted to determine both the technological and economicfeasibility of a number of potential development options before proceeding withproject sanction. A feasibility and conceptual study was performed to identifypossible development scenarios, select a preferred development scheme and toprovide an 'AFE Quality' cost estimate for project sanction.
The first step in determining the preferred option was to identify potentialoptions and eliminate the least favorable options.PIPESIM - Baker Jardine & Associates, Steady State, Mulitphase Flow SimulatorOLGA - Scandpower A/S, Transient, Multiphase Flow Simulator
Liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometry assay of bromotetrandrine in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Song Naining , Zhang Shaoyu , Li Quansheng , Liu Changxiao 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method (LC‐MS/MS) for the determination of bromotetrandrine in rat plasma has been developed and applied to pharmacokinetic study in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats after a single oral administration. Sample preparation involves a liquid–liquid extraction with n‐hexane–dichlormethane (65:35, containing 1% 2‐propanol isopropyl alcohol, v/v). Bromotetrandrine and brodimoprim (internal standard, IS) were well separated by LC with a Dikma C18 column using methanol–ammonium formate aqueous solution (20 mm) containing 0.5% formic acid (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The ionization was optimized using ESI(+) and selectivity was achieved using MS/MS analysis, m/z 703.0 → 461.0 and m/z 339.0 → 281.0 for bromotetrandrine and IS, respectively. The present method exhibited good linearity over the concentration range of 20–5000 ng/mL for bromotetrandrine in rat plasma with a lower limit of quantification of 20 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were 2.8–7.5% and 3.2–8.1%, and the intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy ranged from −4.8 to 8.2% and −5.6 to 6.2%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after a single oral administration to SD rats with bromotetrandrine of 50 mg/kg. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Failing to ponder? delusion‐prone individuals rush to conclusions
Authors: White Lars O. , Mansell Warren 
Published: March 2009

AbstractJumping to conclusions (JTC) has been proposed as an aetiological factor involved in the formation of delusions from the earliest stages. A number of researchers have thus shifted their focus to include the study of subclinical populations. Expanding on these studies, 17 delusion‐prone and 22 control students completed four versions of the beads‐in‐a‐jar paradigm (including multiple jar variants) to test recent claims regarding JTC's specificity to less ambiguous paradigms with a limited number of jars. Additional measures were administered to tease out a potential mechanism underlying JTC. The delusion‐prone group showed a higher JTC bias which proved relatively robust across variants. Task performance was related to degree of self‐reported rushing. It is concluded that delusion‐prone individuals exhibit JTC, even when confronted with more ambiguous scenarios, potentially as a consequence of feeling rushed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape reconstruction of an inverse boundary value problem of two‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Yan Wenjing , He Yaling , Ma Yichen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of the shape reconstruction of two‐dimensional flows governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. Our objective is to derive a regularized Gauss–Newton method using the corresponding operator equation in which the unknown is the geometric domain. The theoretical foundation for the Gauss–Newton method is given by establishing the differentiability of the initial boundary value problem with respect to the boundary curve in the sense of a domain derivative. The numerical examples show that our theory is useful for practical purpose and the proposed algorithm is feasible. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5‐Lipoxygenase‐inhibitory constituents from Schizandra fructus and Magnolia flos
Authors: Lim Hyun , Son Kun Ho , Bae Ki Hwan , Hung Tran Manh , Kim Yeong Shik , Kim Hyun Pyo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn order to establish the antiallergic properties of Schisandra fructus and Magnolia flos, several compounds isolated from these plants were tested for 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) inhibitory activity in vitro, for the first time. The compounds including schizandrins, schisandrols, gomisins, fargesin, eudesmin and lirioresinol B dimethyl ether, inhibited 5‐LOX‐catalysed leukotriene production from A23187‐treated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL‐1) cells at concentrations of 1–100 µm. In particular, constituents such as schisandrol A and gomisins showed potent inhibitory activity (IC50s < 10 µm) on 5‐LOX‐catalysed leukotriene production, but were much less active on cyclooxygenase‐2‐catalysed prostaglandin E2 and inducible nitric oxide‐catalysed NO production. These compounds have the potential to be developed as novel antiallergic agents and may contribute to the antiallergic pharmacological use of these plant materials in Chinese medicine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective antileishmania activity of 13,28‐epoxy‐oleanane and related triterpene saponins from the plant families Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae, Aceraceae and Icacinaceae
Authors: Vermeersch Marieke , Foubert Kenn , Luz Raquel Inocêncio da , Puyvelde Luc Van , Pieters Luc , Cos Paul , Maes Louis 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMaesa saponins with the 13,28‐epoxy‐oleanane triterpene core skeleton were described recently to possess strong and selective in vitro and in vivo antileishmania activity. In the absence of direct chemical derivatization possibilities, a structure‐based literature search was carried out to explore a structure‐activity relationship. Crude alcohol extracts from several plant species of Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae, Aceraceae and Icacinaceae were evaluated for in vitro activity against Leishmania infantum intracellular amastigotes and cytotoxicity on MRC‐5SV2 cells, while the saponin content was evaluated qualitatively by TLC. A clear correlation was found between the presence of close analogue 13,28‐epoxy‐oleanane triterpene saponins and potent and selective antileishmania activity. This was most striking in Maesa species, except for M. macrosepala. Interesting activities were also found in extracts that did not exactly match the TLC characteristics of the Maesa saponin references, as was the case for Ardisia angusta, A. amherstiana, A. caudata, A. gigantifolia, A. roseiflora, Myrsine affinis, Acer brevipes and A. laurinum var. petelotii. This study indicates that the 13,28‐epoxy‐oleanane triterpene moiety is essential for selective antileishmania potential and that several other plant species could still be explored for antileishmania drug discovery. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between early suicide behaviors and mental health: Results from a nine‐year panel study
Authors: MacDonald Ryan , Taylor John , Clarke Diana 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper employs community‐level data to examine the relationship between suicide behaviors, measured at age eleven, and two mental health outcomes assessed nine‐years later. Specifically, we assess the role and significance of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in substance dependence and depressive symptomatology. We evaluate these linkages in the context of two hypothesized mediators: exposure to social stress and T‐1 depressive symptoms. Results indicate suicide ideation and attempts are significant predictors of later mental health problems. However, controlling for T‐1 depression and stress exposure explains away the relationship between suicide attempts and later mental health. In contrast, suicide ideation remained a robust predictor of depression and drug dependence. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Upregulation of the CD40–CD40 ligand system in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Lukanov Tzvetan Hristoforov , Bojinova Svetla Ivanova , Emin Alkan Levha , Veleva Galina Lubomirova , Popova Vanya Slavcheva , Konova Emiliana Ilieva 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the CD40–CD40 ligand (CD40L) system in women with pre‐eclampsia.MethodsExpression of CD40 on monocytes and expression of CD40 and CD40L on platelets were determined by whole blood flow cytometry in 23 women with pre‐eclampsia and in 23 normotensive pregnant women. Serum levels of soluble CD40L in both groups of women were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThere was a significantly higher expression of CD40 and CD40L on platelets and CD40 on monocytes in the women with pre‐eclampsia compared with normotensive pregnant women (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). The serum concentration of soluble CD40L was significantly higher in women with pre‐eclampsia compared with normotensive pregnant women (P = 0.012).ConclusionPre‐eclampsia is associated with activation of the CD40–CD40L system. The activation of this system may contribute to the development or maintenance of the proinflammatory and prothrombotic responses, increased cytokine production, and endothelial cell dysfunction found in pre‐eclampsia.
Chromosomal changes in sporadic and familial head and neck paragangliomas
Authors: Sevilla María A. , Hermsen Mario A. , Weiss Marjan M. , Grimbergen Anneliese , Balbín Milagros , Llorente José Luis , Rodrigo Juan Pablo , Suárez Carlos 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveParagangliomas (PGLs) of the head and neck are benign neoplasms derived from the autonomic nervous system. Familial PGLs have been associated with germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes, and occasionally in Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) and RET. The aim of this study was to compare somatic DNA copy number changes in tumors of familial and sporadic origin.Material and MethodsEight familial and 16 sporadic patients were analyzed for germline mutations and exon deletions in SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, VHL, and RET by direct sequencing and MLPA. Microarray CGH analysis was applied to map genome‐wide somatic copy number changes.ResultsFifteen cases carried a germline mutation in SDHB or SDHD, four of which not described before. Microarray CGH detected abnormalities in 10 of 18 cases, most frequently concerning deletions at 1p, 1q, and 11q, the sites where SDH are located. However, these deletions occurred in both SDH mutation–positive and SDH mutation–negative cases.ConclusionsThese data suggest that inactivating germline SDH mutations and somatic deletions of SDH genes as a “second hit” are involved in a subset, but not in all PGLs. Additional genes and mechanisms may need to be studied, especially in the group of sporadic PGL showing no chromosomal aberrations.
Effectiveness of honey on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Authors: Alandejani Talal , Marsan Joseph , Ferris Wendy , Slinger Robert , Chan Frank 
Published: March 2009

ObjectivesBiofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) have been shown to be an important factor in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). As well, honey has been used as an effective topical antimicrobial agent for years. Our objective is to determine the in vitro effect of honey against biofilms produced by PA and SA.Study DesignIn vitro testing of honey against bacterial biofilms.MethodsWe used a previously established biofilm model to assess antibacterial activity of honey against 11 methicillin‐susceptible SA (MSSA), 11 methicillin‐resistant SA (MRSA), and 11 PA isolates. Honeys were tested against both planktonic and biofilm‐grown bacteria.ResultsHoney was effective in killing 100 percent of the isolates in the planktonic form. The bactericidal rates for the Sidr and Manuka honeys against MSSA, MRSA, and PA biofilms were 63‐82 percent, 73‐63 percent, and 91‐91 percent, respectively. These rates were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those seen with single antibiotics commonly used against SA.ConclusionHoney, which is a natural, nontoxic, and inexpensive product, is effective in killing SA and PA bacterial biofilms. This intriguing observation may have important clinical implications and could lead to a new approach for treating refractory CRS.
Hoarseness in children with cleft palate
Authors: Hamming Katherine K. , Finkelstein Marsha , Sidman James D. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveDetermine the rate of hoarseness in children with cleft palate (CP). Understand the relationship between velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and hoarseness in children with CP.Study DesignCase series with chart review.Subjects and MethodsRetrospective chart review of 185 patients with CP treated by a Children's Hospital Cleft Team and born between 1991 and 2001.ResultsOf total patients, 54.1 percent were male and 45.9 percent female. All types of CP were represented. The overall rate of hoarseness was 20.0 percent at age 3‐4 and 18.4 percent at age 6‐7. The presence of VPI did not correlate with the presence of hoarseness or dysphonia. VPI decreased when comparing age 3‐4 (58.4%) with age 6‐7 (30.2%,P< 0.001), but the hoarseness rates did not change, 20.8 percent at age 3‐4 and 19.5 percent at age 6‐7 (P= 0.56).ConclusionPatients with CP are thought to have increased risk of voice disturbances due to compensatory articulation mechanisms used when a patient has VPI. However, this study of 185 patients with CP showed no relationship between VPI and hoarseness. The overall rate of hoarseness of this population with CP was within the reported range for the normal population of children. These findings suggest that the theory that VPI causes hoarseness due to compensatory speech mechanisms may be incorrect.
ATTACHED PRIMES OF THE TOP GENERALIZED LOCAL COHOMOLOGY MODULES
Authors: GU YAN , CHU LIZHONG 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLet (R,𝔪) be a commutative Noetherian local ring, letIbe an ideal ofRand letMandNbe finitely generatedR-modules. Assume that$\mathrm {pd} (M)=d\lt \infty $,$\dim N=n\lt \infty $. First, we give the formula for the attached primes of the top generalized local cohomology moduleHId+n(M,N); later, we prove that if Att(HId+n(M,N))=Att(HJd+n(M,N)), thenHId+n(M,N)=HJd+n(M,N).
FUNCTIONAL CALCULUS EXTENSIONS ON DUAL SPACES
Authors: TERAUDS VENTA 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this note, we show that if a Banach space X has a predual, then every bounded linear operator on X with a continuous functional calculus admits a bounded Borel functional calculus. A consequence of this result is that on such a Banach space, the classes of finitely spectral and prespectral operators coincide. We also apply our theorem to give some sufficient conditions for an operator with an absolutely continuous functional calculus to admit a bounded Borel one.
ON SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS WITH INDEFINITE NONLINEARITIES
Authors: LONG JING , YANG JIANFU 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper we consider the problem of finding standing waves – solutions to nonlinear Schrödinger equations with vanishing potential and sign-changing nonlinearities. This involves searching for solutions of the problem (1)We show that the problem has a solution, and the maximum point of the solution is concentrated on a minimum point of some function as ε→0.
The relationship of grain filling with abscisic acid and ethylene under non-flooded mulching cultivation
Authors: ZHANG Z. C. , XUE Y. G. , WANG Z. Q. , YANG J. C. , ZHANG J. H. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYGrain filling is an intensive transportation process regulated by plant hormones. The present study investigated whether and how the interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene is involved in mediating the grain filling of rice (Oryza sativaL.) under non-flooded mulching cultivation. A field experiment repeated over 2 years was conducted with two high-yielding rice cultivars, Zhendao 88 (ajaponicacultivar) and Shanyou 63 (anindicahybrid cultivar), and four cultivation treatments were imposed from transplanting to maturity: traditional flooding as control (TF), non-flooded plastic film mulching (PM), non-flooded wheat straw mulching (SM) or non-flooded no mulching (NM). Compared with that under TF, grain yield was reduced by 21·0–23·1% under PM (P<0·05), 1·4–1·8% under SM (P>0·05) and 50·9–55·4% under NM (P<0·05). Both PM and NM significantly (P<0·05) reduced the proportion of filled grains and grain weight and were associated with decreased grain filling rates. In SM there was a significant increase in the grain filling rate. The concentration of ABA in the grains was very low at the early grain filling stage, reaching a maximum when the grain filling rate was the highest, and showed no significant differences (P>0·05) between TF, PM and SM. However, it was significantly higher in NM. In contrast to ABA, the ethylene evolution rate and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration in the grains were very high at the start of grain filling and sharply decreased during the active grain filling period. Both PM and NM increased the ethylene evolution rate and ACC concentration, whereas these were reduced in SM. The ratio of ABA to ACC was increased under SM but decreased under PM and NM, indicating that ethylene was more enhanced than ABA when plants were grown under NM and PM. The concentration of ABA correlated with the grain filling rate as a hyperbolic curve, whereas the ethylene evolution rate correlated with the grain filling rate as an exponential decay equation. The ratio of ABA to ACC significantly correlated with the grain filling rate with a linear relationship. Application of amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (inhibitor of ethylene synthesis by inhibiting ACC synthase) or ABA to panicles under TF and PM at the early grain filling stage significantly increased activities of the key enzymes involved in sucrose to starch conversion in the grains, sucrose synthase, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthase, grain filling rate and grain weight. Application of ethephon (ethylene-releasing agent) or fluridone (inhibitor of ABA synthesis) had the opposite effect. The results suggest that antagonistic interactions between ABA and ethylene may be involved in mediating the effect of non-flooded mulching cultivation on grain filling, and a high ratio of ABA to ethylene enhances grain filling rate.
A scanning electron microscope study on the route of entry of triclabendazole into the liver fluke,Fasciola hepatica
Authors: TONER E. , McCONVERY F. , BRENNAN G. P. , MEANEY M. , FAIRWEATHER I. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYStudies have been carried out to establish the relative importance of oral and trans-tegumental uptake of triclabendazole by the liver fluke,Fasciola hepatica. Experiments were designed to block either oral uptake of drug, by use of ligatures, or trans-tegumental diffusion, by allowing the drug to bind to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the medium. Changes to the surface morphology of the tegument and gut were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Flukes were incubatedin vitrofor 24 h in TCBZ.SO at a concentration of 15 μg/ml. Tegumental disruption in ligatured and non-ligatured flukes was similar, suggesting that closing the oral route did not affect drug uptake. The gut remained unaffected by drug treatment. When BSA (30 mg/ml) was present in the medium, there was a marked decline in the level of tegumental disruption. Again, the gut retained a normal morphology. Non-ligatured flukes were also incubated for 24 hin vitroin TCBZ.SO (15 μg/ml) in the presence of red blood cells. Oral ingestion of blood was demonstrated, although the gut surface retained a normal morphology. In contrast, the tegumental surface was severely affected by the drug. The findings support previous pharmacological studies which suggest that trans-tegumental uptake of triclabendazole predominates in the liver fluke.
Welsh and English in the city of Bangor: A study in functional differentiation
Authors: Lindsay Cora F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis article considers the ways in which the Welsh and English languages are currently used in Bangor, a cathedral and university city in North Wales. The two languages carry different kinds of authority in different contexts and are acquired in different ways by children from different backgrounds. Some religious institutions have a clear commitment to one language, but others practice various forms of bilingualism. The relationship between the two languages in education and the other public services is partially determined by consciously formulated language policies but is less consistent than some official statements might suggest. The patterns of usage in commercial and domestic life are even more various and frequently involve complex forms of code-switching. (Welsh, English, Wales, bilingualism)
Language use in peer review texts
Authors: He Agnes Weiyun 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTApplying the functional approach to language developed by Halliday and Hasan, this study delineates the criterial and characteristic features of language used in 13 peer review letters from a graduate seminar by native speakers of English, with an average length of 300–350 words. Examining discourse goals, global text structure, obligatory and optional elements, sequence and co-occurrence of discourse elements, verb types, modalized directives, and lexical choice, this article demonstrates that peer review texts are shaped by the institutional and situational contexts within which they are embedded, and at the same time contribute to these contexts. (Genre studies, interactive discourse analysis, written communication, systemic linguistics, peer review, classroom discourse)