bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Th e Men tal Health of Visible Ethnic Minorities in Canada
Authors: Naidoo Josephine C. 
Published: March 2007

Canada's humanitarian response to the world refugee crisis and to the immigration of people from non-western countries has gathered momentum in the last two decades. Canada has become pluralistic in every sense: linguistic, religious, cultural, and racial. Given current population trends, this diversity will continue to be a salient feature of Canadian society. New demands have arisen regarding the well-being of visible ethnic minority Canadians, the prevention of emotional disorders, and the guarantee that people of all cultural origins needing help have access to it. Data reflecting changes in Canadian immigration policy toward immigrants/ refugees from non-western countries since the 1950s are highlighted. The protection of minority rights in the 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and the 1988 Multiculturalism Act are identified. The 1986-88 mandate and findings of a Federal Government Task Force studying the mental health of immigrants/refugees, are outlined. Selected data focusing on visible ethnic minorities deriving from this study, and a pertinent literature review are presented as follows: cultural factors in mental health, changing public racial attitudes, and employment related stress. Attention is given to the problems of high risk visible minority women, particularly women of South Asian origins. The paper closes on the optimistic note of the potential rich resource of ethnic visible minorities to their newly adopted Canadian home.
Devoted Wife/Sensuous Bibi: Colonial Constructions of the Indian Woman, 1860-1900
Authors: Sen Indrani 
Published: March 2007

Current research has rather tended to neglect the print culture of 19th-century British India and its contribution towards the formation of gender ideologies. This article attempts to scrutinise the clamorous voices of the print culture: the newspapers, popular periodicals as well as copious published works, and to unravel the complex and sometimes contradictory web of constructions that ihese built around the gendered colonised. The second half of the century witnessed a definite cultural focus on the Indian woman. Among other things, this interest took the form of a constant engagement with the subject of the 'native' female in the print culture of the British community resident in India. The article explores the multifaceted and pluralistic representation of the Indian woman, ranging from prurient accounts of native female sensuality and discussion of social reform issues to laudatory inscriptions of wifely devotion and the sati. In other words, the image of the Indian woman was constantly being reconstituted and proscriptions of her sensuousness were interwoven with prescriptions of passive feminine behaviour. Admired models of perceived Eastern female docility were often selectively drawn upon, in a process constituting an 'Indianisation' of the Anglo-Indian female paradigm. While it is well recognised that representations of Indian women were strategically linked to the agenda of empire, what this article also tries to show is that, due to the complex interconnections between the ideologies of gender and empire, these gender representations also served to contain disturb ing issues raised by the contemporary women's movement in England.
Managerial Work Goal Priorities in Asia: Emerging Trends from Three Divergent National Contexts
Authors: Chatterjee Samir R. , Pearson Cecil A. L. 
Published: March 2007

During the past decade, unprecedented changes have taken place in the economic life of Asia. Major reforms have been undertaken in large countries like China and India; also smaller Asian countries like Mongolia have moved away from centrally planned socialist systems to market-oriented structures, while Singapore has emerged as a unique Asian country with a significant place in the global competitiveness stakes. As each country endeavours to respond to a particular set of national socio-economic imperatives, the overall diver sity of the Asian context intensifies. Increasingly, it is becoming difficult to develop a pan-Asian basis of managerial ideology and practice to provide a counterpoint to the traditional managerial theories developed in the West. In spite of this, a homogenous pattern is emerging in the work goal priorities of managers across Asia. The transitional context of Mongolia, the competitive context of Singapore, and the socio-economic reform agenda in India may be similar in terms of the managerial priorities in each of these contexts which are converging rapidly. This article explores the nature of convergence taking place in managerial work goals in three Asian countries to evaluate the priorities of managers as they respond to their respective societal contexts of transi tion, reform and global competitiveness. The empirical study reported in this article compares and contrasts managerial work goals through data collected by surveying managers in India, Mongolia and Singapore. The article aims to contribute to the strengthening of the empirical basis of Asian managerial ideas and practices.
Response to Discussants
Authors: Smelser Neil J. 
Published: March 2007

The Forum consists of comments on previously published papers and responses by authors. Unlike the Comment section in many other academic journals, the Forum includes solicited as well as unsolicited contributions. We encourage debates by actively seeking points of view contrary to those expressed in articles published in the journal. The Forum is intended to promote an open and critical debate that contributes to the intellectual vitality and further development of rational-choice-based theory and research. Forum contributions should follow the form used by Rationality and Society and should not exceed five double-spaced pages.
Fluid Durability in a High Speed Electro-Rheological Clutch
Authors: Johnson A.R. , Makin J. , Bullough W.A. , Firoozian R. , Hosseini-Sianaki A. 
Published: March 2007

The durability of an electro-rheological (ER) fluid was investigated by running a high speed ER clutch under different conditions and periods of operation. The tests involved running the clutch at 3000 rpm for a total period of twelve hours over a five day period. The tests subjected the fluid to a centripetal acceleration of 3000 m/s2, and were conducted with and without an excitation field of 2 kV/mm, and with and without shearing the fluid at shear rates up to 9500 s-1. The condition of the fluid was assessed periodically by measuring the torque response of the clutch to a step ap plication of voltage in respect of both magnitude and speed of response. Results at the two pole 50 Hz synchronous speed of 3000 rpm indicated that the particles in the fluid were centrifuged over the prolonged test periods. The application of a voltage across the fluid had a negligible effect on this particle migration. The effect of particle migration due to centrifugal and electro-static effects indicate future development requirements for these smart materials.
Performance of Alternative Chlorofluorocarbons in Rigid Urethane Appliance Foams
Authors: Dietrich K.W. , Doerge H.P. 
Published: March 2007

Two alternative chlorofluorocarbons, CFC-123 and CFC-141b, have been proposed as substitute blowing agents for CFC-11 in rigid urethane foams. Both of these have similar boiling points to CFC-11 but substantially reduced ozone depletion potentials. Mobay Corporation has evaluated both of these in a variety of systems to determine their potential use as blowing agents for rigid urethane foams in appliance applications. Due to the different molecular weights compared to CFC-11, there is theoretically 11 weight percent more CFC and 15 weight percent less CFC-141b required in foam formulation to obtain equivalent gas volumes. Using the same gas volumes as CFC- 11, CFC-123 and CFC-141b gave poorer flowability resulting in higher foam densi ties. With CFC-123, depending on the formulation, the nature of the isocyanate, the chemical structure and on the technique of foam preparation, there was a remarkable difference in densities and physical properties. The highest densities and the poorest physical properties were found in PMDI polyurethane foams because of a plasticiz ing effect of the CFC-123 in the polymer. However, in TDI polyurethane foams, densities and properties were more comparable to foams with CFC-11. CFC-123 also showed good performance in rigid polyisocyanurate foams. In all systems, CFC- 141b was closer to CFC-11 m overall properties. Both alternatives produced as theoretically expected, higher k-factor foams than CFC-11. In corresponding foam systems, we measured up to 15 percent higher ther mal conductivities. The k-value retention of foams made with CFC-123 and CFC- 141b appeared to be similar to CFC-11. The formulations tested were developed originally for use with CFC-11. To improve the performance of the alternatives as blowing agents in rigid polyure thane appliance foams, adjustments and optimization of the formulations will be nec essary.
The Control of Wind Cooling of Wood Frame Building Enclosures
Authors: Timusk J. , Seskus A.L. , Ary N. 
Published: March 2007

An extensive investigation of moisture problems in wood frame houses revealed that one of the most common problems was the formation of mould and mildew on inside wall surfaces of exterior corners (Van Poorten, 1983). The ma jority of the problem houses were of recent construction (around 1975), electrically heated yet "naturally ventilated." Clearly, inadequate ventilation was one of the con tributing factors. It was not possible to explain this occurrence solely in terms of thermal bridging, two-dimensional heat flow, hindered air circulation or lack of radiant heat gain. It was then suggested that additional cooling of wall surfaces resulted from defects in the sheathing which allowed wind to cool the wall construction in corners where a rapid change in wind pressure occurred. It was also suggested that in future housing, such problems could be largely avoided by providing airtight sheathing at building corners by moving the air barrier, customarily located on the room-side of the wall insulation, to the weather side where it would perform two functions (Timusk, 1983). A full-scale comer of a wood frame wall was built and evaluated for wind cooling effects in the laboratory. According to prediction, significant additional cooling did take place when defects in wall sheathing did exist and when the corner was exposed to a typical wind pressure gradient. The effectiveness of an externally-located air barrier was further demonstrated in a prototype house. Its installation and inspection was facilitated by locating it where it is not penetrated by joists, partition walls and electrical wires.
Effect of Cellsize Reduction on Polyurethane Foam Physical Properties
Authors: Smits G.F. 
Published: March 2007

Polymer distribution in rigid PU foams is a complex, position de pendent parameter which can be described in terms of: 1) the overall density and density distribution, 2) the average cellsize and cellsize distribution, 3) cell elonga tion and orientation and 4) the material distribution between struts and windows within the individual cells. Considering that a typical foam contains only 2-3 volume % of polymer, it is not surprising that any variation in the way this material is distributed will have a large impact on most of the physical properties of the foam. In the present paper, we evaluate what effects can be expected from changes in cellsize and/or density on the polymer distribution in foams and consequently on foam physical properties like compressive strength, initial thermal conductivity, and thermal conductivity aging. These results are obtained using a blend of modelling techniques and experimental data. Generally speaking, in PU foams a reduction in the average cellsize will also cause an increase in the amount of material which is present in the cell windows versus the cell struts. It is observed that in most systems, the window thickness remains relatively unaffected by cell size reduction. Also, for a given density, there exists a cell size at which the cells will no longer be closed simply because there is not enough material available to ensure film stability. Since the cell windows represent most of the barrier to diffusion, the rate of aging will be reduced dramatically by this shift in the material distribution as long as the cells are still closed. A reduction in cellsize will, in general, also cause a reduction in the initial thermal conductivity, mostly because of the reduction in the thermal radiation component to foam thermal conductivity. There exists a region, however, where this effect is reversed. Further reductions in cellsize will cause an increase in thermal conductivity rather than a decrease. The impact of cellsize reduction on foam compressive strength is usually negative, again because of the concomitant change in polymer distribution.
Analytical Models for Settling of Attic Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation
Authors: Svennerstedt Bengt 
Published: March 2007

Settling of attic loose-fill thermal insulation is a long-term process. Settling depends on the quality of the loose-fill insulation and the attic conditions during the service life. The main factors affecting settling of attic loose-fill insulation are density (mass), climate of the attic, and vibrations of the building structure. Analytical models for settling of attic loose-fill thermal insulation can be helpful for both interpretation and prediction of observed settling behaviour. The prediction of the settling process of loose-fill thermal insulation in a model is valuable when estimating the thermal properties of the loose-fill insulation after a certain lifetime. Efforts to carry out a preliminary analytical model for the settling property have been made in two ways. Firstly, experimental field settling data have been used to fit a common logarithmic mathematical function. Secondly, a four-element linear vis coelastic model, the Burger model, has been adjusted to experimental field settling data. Comparison of the thirty years settling data calculated with the fitted logarithmic functions and the Burger equations has been performed for cellulose fibre and mineral fibre insulation (Svennerstedt, 1993).
Rain Control and Design Strategies
Authors: Straube John , Burnett Eric F.P. 
Published: March 2007

Controlling rain penetration is one of the most important func tions of the building enclosure. Despite its importance, the design for rain penetra tion is typically based on experience and rules of thumb that make use of tradi tional details. Designers and analysts have no theory to guide them. This paper develops a rational means of describing, understanding, and classifying rain control for the above-grade enclosure. The manner in which walls and roofs actually control rain in service is then discussed. The rain control classification developed is a rigorous and practical means of un derstandmg the function of each layer and material in an assembly This approach will aid the development of realistic test methods and provide the means for a more accurate assessment of the reasons for enclosure failures and therefore the proper repair and retrofit strategies.
Autobiographical Awareness as a Catalyst for Managerial and Organisational Development
Authors: Torbert William , Fisher Dalmar 
Published: March 2007

This article argues and illustrates that autobiographical research, writing, and conservation that engenders autobiographical awareness, form a significant catalyst for managerial and organisational development toward continual quality improvement and the creation of learning organisations. The article also argues that autobiographical writing and conversation is a key process - indeed, an indispensable process - in social scientific research based on the action inquiry paradigm (Torbert, 1991).
Weber and Foucault: Social Theory for the Study of Organizations
Authors: Clegg Stewart 
Published: March 2007

Weber, credited with having founded organization theory, did so inadvertently, as the study of the ideal type of bureaucracy. A contrary interpretation suggests organization analysis would be a branch of cultural studies with the analysis of values at its core. The contemporary theorist who has come nearest to carrying out a Weberian project with respect to the analysis of organizations, without acknowledging that this was so, was Foucault. Foucault's imputed foundations for the analysis of organizations bring into effect two liberations from the Weberian legacy. The first liberation is from analysis of organizations principally as structure, the predominant interpretation of Weber in the literature. The second liberation is not to lapse into the obverse of the structuralist view, a perspective that seeks to interpret individuals through the practice of verstehende. Structural analysis has no truck with individuals and their subjectivity, unless these become privileged by being embedded in strategically powerful representations in the organization. By contrast, analyses that function principally at the level of interpreting the putative motives, intentions and other attributes of subjectivity that, supposedly, are recoverable from an interpretative understanding of the individuals that compose organizations, rarely grasps the means and forms whereby some subjective representations become strategically sovereign. While the former offers an overstructuralized account of organizations, the latter offers-one that is understructuralized. In the former, individuals are regarded as bearers of a structural rationality worked out by impersonal forces of size or efficiency, while in the latter individuals are conceived of as subjectivities abstracted from structure. More appropriately, analysis should focus on how it is possible that certain structures of subjectivity and modes of what passes for rationality get constituted. At the core of this analysis are a post-Foucauldian, post- interpretative and post-structuralist account of power. Central to this are the analytically paradoxical interconnections of values, power, rules and discretion. Certain forms of organization structure seek to fix these in specific fields of force through contractualizing and otherwise freezing specific relations of meaning. Structure, in this sense, does not concern the scalar and other properties of bureaucracy that Weber identified so much as the forms of organization design that creative and dominant imagination envisages and concretizes.
Preceptorship: the progression from student to staff nurse
Authors: Pfeil Michael 
Published: March 2007

■ Preceptorship assists the development from learner to accountable staff nurse. ■ Time has to be available for preceptorship to be successful. ■ The learning objectives need to be relevant for the individual preceptee. ■ Preceptors require considerable support for their role. ■ Preceptees had difficulty adjusting to being staff nurses and experienced high levels of stress. ■ Most progress was observed after a three month period, when ability and confidence levels had increased and stress levels decreased.
Rational Aggregation
Authors: Chapman Bruce 
Published: March 2007

In two recent papers, Christian List and Philip Pettit have argued that there is a problem in the aggregation of reasoned judgements that is akin to the aggregation of the preference problem in social choice theory.1 Indeed, List and Pettit prove a new general impossibility theorem for the aggregation of judgements, and provide a propositional interpretation of the social choice problem that suggests it is a special case of their impossibility result.2 Specifically, they show that no judgement aggregation function for a group is possible if the group seeks to satisfy certain `minimal conditions' designed to ensure that the function is both responsive to the individually rational views of its members and collectively rational in the set of judgements it holds. In this article, I resist the List and Pettit claim that there is the same propensity for collective irrationality or incoherence in the aggregation of reasoned judgements as there is in the aggregation of preference. I argue that reason, because it has a logical structure that is lacking in mere preference, has the effect of giving priority to some aggregations over others, a priority that is not permitted by one of the conditions imposed by List and Pettit. This avoids the incoherence that would otherwise exist if these different aggregations, not consistent with one another, were to compete at the same level of priority. The priority of some aggregations is particularly apparent, I shall argue, if one views the aggregation of judgements through the lens of common law decision-making.
Recent Advances in Infrared Measurement of Coextruded Webs
Authors: Marchand Hector E. , Sipos Peter 
Published: March 2007

Continuing advances in resin development and plastics processing in recent years have resulted in many companies using several coextrusion processes for a wide variety of products. The typical processor is now being squeezed by increasing com petition on one side, greater technological demands on another side, and the uncer tainty of future petrochemical prices on the third. When producing complex struc tures including layers for barrier, structural, and/or sealant properties, the producer is always trying to balance the scales between product cost and product performance. A method to perform on-line measurement and control of coextrusion components/ layers would be of great help to the processor in improving product quality while reducing the extrusion of excess polymer. Recent technological advances in infrared measurement technology have helped to turn this desire into reality. This paper describes the principles of infrared mea surement technology, and then shows how the new sensor technologies are solving many of the limitations of the older IR sensors.
`One Day at a Time' and other Slogans for Everyday Life: The Ethical Practices of Alcoholics Anonymous
Authors: Valverde Mariana , White-Mair Kimberley 
Published: March 2007

Alcoholics Anonymous has developed an oral tradition for teaching people to alter their relation to their own desires and their own freedom fundamentally, teaching that is done through practice rather than through ideas. Our study of AA's innovative organisational tools for building long-lasting mutual-help groups shows that the same tools that build the organisation also exemplify and embody the organisation's ethical worldview. To that extent, AA's group practices are worth studying not only from the point of view of learning about bottom-up, non-expert-led networks but also to shed light on the development of a popular pragmatist ethics in which little techniques - anonymity, the focus on the 24-hour cycle, etc. - deconstruct the Kantian distinction between means and ends. This study of the everyday ethics of AA members argues that AA's unique role in the history of popular ethical practices can be traced to several original features. First, AA incorporates elements of the disease model of alcoholism while remaining fundamentally a spiritual programme, thus mapping an important hybrid terrain often ignored by students of medicalisation. Secondly, AA was able to steer away from the political controversies about temperance, prohibition, and control of alcoholic beverages that had made the old temperance movement founder. Thirdly and most importantly, AA uniquely managed to combine the once-in-a-lifetime experience of total transformation that is characteristic of religious conversion with the development of a series of slogans and mental techniques for dealing with the `trivial' details of life. This paper first outlines the hybrid terrain of AA, between medicine and religion, and then examines a few of the techniques that are at the core of AA's success, including anonymity, the Higher Power, and the twenty-four hour cycle.