bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The enhancement of psychological wellness: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Cowen Emory L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDeveloped the concept of psychological wellness and made the case that proportionally more resources should be directed to the pursuit of this goal. Five pathways to wellness are considered, implicating aspects of individual development and the impact of contexts, settings, and policies. The five pathways are: forming wholesome early attachments; acquiring age‐ and ability‐appropriate competencies; engineering settings that promote adaptive outcomes; fostering empowerment; and acquiring skills needed to cope effectively with life stressors. Although these noncompeting pathways have differential salience at different ages and for different groups and life conditions, each is an essential element in any comprehensive social plan to advance wellness. Examples of effective programs are cited in all five areas, including recent comprehensive, long‐term programs embodying multiple pathways to wellness.
Short versus longer term effectiveness of an outreach program for the homeless mentally Ill
Authors: Bybee Deborah , Mowbray Carol T. , Cohen Evan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPresents 12‐month follow‐up results from an outreach/linkage intervention with persons who are homeless and mentally ill, contrasting these with results obtained at 4 months. Both sets reflect the success of the program in placing individuals in independent housing. However, longer term data provide useful information regarding client movement patterns and increased tenure in nonhomeless living arrangements beyond the termination of specialized services. Analyses of 12‐month residential outcomes identified four variables as significant predictors: recruitment source, project service duration, CMH service duration, and client age. In contrast to 4‐month predictors, variables reflecting baseline client functioning were no longer significantly related to outcome, suggesting that the positive effects of the intervention may take longer to achieve with some clients. Discussion focuses on the implications of these effectiveness results for future research designs and measures as well as the utility and limitations of preexperimental approaches for evaluating innovative service models when implementation and efficacy experiences are lacking.
The continuity principle: A unified approach to disaster and trauma
Authors: Omer Haim , Alon Nahman 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe continuity principle stipulates that through all stages of disaster, management and treatment should aim at preserving and restoring functional, historical, and interpersonal continuities, at the individual, family, organization, and community levels. Two misconceptions work against this principle and lead to decisional errors: the “abnormalcy bias” which results in underestimating victims' ability to cope with disaster, and the “normalcy bias” which results in underestimating the probability or extent of expected disruption. This article clarifies these biases and details the potential contributions of the continuity principle at the different stages of the disaster.
Social problem solving in unsafe situations: Implications for sexual abuse education programs
Authors: Grober Jacqueline S. , Bogat G. Anne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExamined the impact of two subject variables (age and gender) and two contextual factors (antagonist age and nature of the social dilemma) on children's social problem solving (SPS). Preschoolers (N=62) were individually presented with four stories that varied the antagonist age (peer vs. adult) and social dilemma (nonsexual vs. sexual). Responses were coded for three SPS variables: number of alternative solutions, solution content, and planfulness. Younger preschoolers were less competent problem solvers in all types of unsafe situations, and, compared to girls, some aspects of boys' problem solving were compromised in sexual encounters. Results also suggest that the nature of the social dilemma, but not the age of the antagonist, affects perschoolers' SPS. Children generated fewer alternative solutions and fewer effective strategies to the sexual encounters compared to the nonsexual dilemmas. Findings are discussed in relation to research on children's SPS and child sexual abuse prevention efforts.
Programmatic prevention of adolescent problem behaviors: The role of autonomy, relatedness, and volunteer service in the teen outreach program
Authors: Allen Joseph P. , Kuperminc Gabe , Philliber Susan , Herre Kathy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExplored the mechanisms by which a well‐validated intervention to prevent school failure, suspension, and teenage pregnancy produces its effects, using site‐level data from 66 sites involving over 1,000 students participating in national replication of the Teen Outreach Program. Multiple informants provided data on operating characteristics of each site. These were then used to explain differences across sites in levels of success in reducing youth problem behaviors using a pre‐post design and a well‐matched comparison group. In accord with predictions from developmental theory, middle school sites that promoted student autonomy and relatedness with peers and with site facilitators achieved significantly greater levels of success in reducing problem behaviors. Offering volunteer experiences perceived as teaching middle school students new skills and leaving them real choices about the type of work they did was also linked to program success. Although the program was equally sucessful with students from a wide range of sociodemographic backgrounds, links of program factors to site‐level outcomes were found only for middle school but not high school sites. Implications of these findings for the development of programmatic interventions targeted at adolescents are discussed.
Helping homeless mentally Ill people: What variables mediate and moderate program effects?
Authors: Morse Gary A. , Calsyn Robert J. , Allen Gary , Kenny David A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis process evaluation study examined what variables moderate and mediate treatment effects on days in stable housing and client satisfaction for homeless mentally ill clients. In general, demographic characteristics did not moderate either outcome variable. Housing contacts, entitlement contacts, mental health contacts, and supportive services were significant mediators of the treatment effect on days in stable housing. Program contacts, mental health contacts, and supportive services were significant mediators of client satisfaction.
Impact of the JOBS intervention on unemployed workers varying in risk for depression
Authors: Vinokur Amiram D. , Price Richard H. , Schul Yaacov 
Published: October 2006

AbstractReports the results of the JOBS II randomized field experiment that included a sample of 1,801 recent job losers, 671 of which participated in a modified version of the JOBS I intervention for unemployed workers (Caplan, Vinokur, Price, & van Ryn, 1989). The intervention focused on enhancing the sense of mastery through the acquisition of job‐search and problem‐solving skills, and on inoculation against setbacks. JOBS II was intended to prevent poor mental health and to promote high quality reemployment. The study tested whether the efficacy of the intervention could be increased by screening and oversampling respondents who were at higher risk for a significant increase in depressive symptoms. Results demonstrated that the intervention primarily benefited the reemployment and mental health outcomes of the high‐risk respondents. This suggests the feasibility of enhancing the efficacy of this preventive intervention by targeting, it for high‐risk unemployed workers who could be identified prospectively.
Sense of community in a remote mining town: Validating a Neighborhood Cohesion scale
Authors: Robinson David , Wilkinson Derek 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPsychometric properties and determinants of Buckner's Neighborhood Cohesion Index (NCI) have previously been reported for 206 individuals from three Washington, DC suburbs. This study analyses the properties and determinants of the scale for 1182 mine workers in Elliot Lake, a remote Canadian single‐industry town. Data were collected through in‐person interviews. The scale in the Elliot Lake sample was highly reliable (α=.91) and the Elliot Lake and Washington NCI item‐total scale correlations were similar. Multiple regression found income and education related significantly negatively and years in neighborhood and home ownership significantly positively to NCI with coefficients comparable to those Buckner found in Washington. However, additional significant positive predictors of NCI were home equity, length of home ownership, and the presence of both pre‐school‐age and school‐age children in the home, whereas a significant negative predictor was poor health. The NCI thus appears to be stable across societies, and shows systematic relationships with background variables. Home equity, duration of home ownership, children and health were significant predictors of NCI in our larger Canadian sample.
Evaluation of a preventive intervention for a self‐selected subpopulation of children
Authors: Short Jerome L. , Roosa Mark W. , Sandler Irwin N. , Ayers Tim S. , Gensheimer Leah K. , Braver Sanford L. , Tein Jenn-Yun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEvaluated an experimental preventive intervention developed for children who perceived their parents as problem drinkers. The 8‐session program was designed to improve children's coping, self‐esteem, and social competence, and modify alcohol expectancies which were specified as mediators of the effects of parental alcohol abuse on child mental health. Participants were 271 self‐selected 4th‐, 5th‐, and 6th‐grade students in 13 schools. The children were randomly assigned to treatment or delayed treatment conditions and the program was given to three successive cohorts of students. A meta‐analysis across three different cohorts indicated significant program effects to improve knowledge of the program content and the use of support‐ and emotion‐focused coping behaviors for the full sample. A slightly stronger range of effects was found for a high‐risk subsample.
The role of work experience and individual beliefs in police officers' perceptions of date rape: An integration of quantitative and qualitative methods
Authors: Campbell Rebecca 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurveyed police officers from two police departments in the Midwest on their perceptions of date rape (N=91). The aim of this research was to examine the influence of officers' work experiences and general beliefs about women on their perceptions of date rape. Two approaches were utilized. First, using quantitative structural‐equation modeling, a model that integrated work experiences and individual beliefs was evaluated using LISREL VII. Results suggest a direct path from the work experience variables to perceptions of date rape: Officers with more experience with rape cases held more sympathetic beliefs about data rape and date rape victims. Officers who found their training on rape to be very helpful, and those who reported that their work environment was sexualized and sexual harassment was a problem, were also less victim blaming. An indirect influence of these variables was also supported. Officers with more experience, those who perceived their training as helpful, and those with heightened awareness of sexual harassment in the workplace also held more favorable attitudes toward women, which, in turn, predicted less victim‐blaming perceptions of date rape. Second, qualitative methods were used to have the police define and describe in their own words what has shaped their beliefs about date rape. These narratives were content analyzed by two raters. The qualitative results validated the quantitative findings as the officers were most likely to mention professional experience with rape cases and departmental trainings as important factors that changed their opinions. Work climate and personal experiences were also cited as influential. Implications for integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in research, and training interventions with police are discussed.
Negative social interactions, distress, and depression among those caring for a seriously and persistently mentally III relative
Authors: Rauktis Mary Elizabeth , Koeske Gary F. , Tereshko Olga 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInvestigated both positive and negative social interactions and their effect on mental health for 106 individuals caring for a seriously mentally ill family member. Results from mixed‐model (hierarchial and stepwise) multiple regression analyses in which caregiver age, socioeconomic status, caregiving demand, and severity of patient symptoms was controlled showed that negative social interaction accounted for a significant portion of variance in the caregivers' feelings of distress and depression. Moderated multiple regression analyses showed that under conditions of high negative interaction, the relationship between demand and distress was intensified. Implications of these findings for the conceptualization and measurement of negative social interaction as well as its clinical implications were discussed.
Protective processes in adolescence: Matching stressors with social resources
Authors: Gore Susan , Aseltine H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWorking within the “matching theory” of social supports, this research focuses on depressed mood and examines how resilience to stress during adolescence is shaped by developmental constraints on the use of support for coping with problems in the family, peer, and personal arenas. The sample is 1,036 adolescents systematically drawn from 3 community high schools in the Boston area. Predictions center on the efficacy of peer and family supports, and two intraindividual protective factors: sense of mastery and sense of social integration. Findings indicate little evidence of cross‐domain stress buffering (where family support buffers the effects of peer stress on mood, and vice versa), suggesting that family and peer domains are more distinct during this stage of development. Protective effects for friendship stresses are evidenced, but boys are more able than girls to marshal their personal and support resources in managing friendship problems. Discussion centers on matching theory and the role of development in shaping coping responses to stress.
Social support and psychosocial competence: Explaining the adaptation to college of ethnically diverse students
Authors: Zea Maria Cecilia , Jarama S. Lisbeth , Bianchi Fernanda Trotta 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExamined relationships among social support, psychosocial competence, and adaptation to college in a sample of 357 African American, Asian American, Latino, and white college students. Social support and active coping were significant predictors of adaptation to college, whereas locus of control was not. However, there was an interaction between ethnicity and locus of control indicating that although internal African American, Latino, and white students had higher adaptation‐to‐college scores than external students, the opposite was true for Asian Americans. The relationships among social support, internality, and active coping were also explored. Satisfaction with social support and internality were positively related to active coping, but locus of control and social support were unrelated. Active coping and internality were significantly related to each other for all groups except for African Americans. Although most relationships were the same across groups, these findings call attention to the role of ethnicity as a moderator of college adjustment processes.
Organizational characteristics of empowering community settings: A multiple case study approach
Authors: Maton Kenneth I. , Salem Deborah A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough empowerment is often cited as a major guiding construct for community psychology, relatively little is known about the characteristics of empowering community settings. The current paper uses a multiple case study methodology to generate a number of key organizational characteristics of empowering community settings to guide future work in the area. In‐depth, multilevel, longitudinal research was conducted on three empowering community settings: a religious fellowship, a mutual help organization for persons with severe mental illness, and an educational program for African American students. The organizational features found to characterize all three settings were (a) a belief system that inspires growth is strengths‐based, and is focused beyond the self; (b) an opportunity role structure that is pervasive, highly accessible, and multifunctional (c) a support system that is encompassing, peer‐based, and provides a sense of community; and (d) leadership that is inspiring, talented, shared, and committed to both setting and members. Limitations of the research are discussed, and directions for future research suggested.
Mobilizing positive reinforcement in communities to reduce youth access to tobacco
Authors: Biglan Anthony , Ary Dennis , Koehn Virginia , Levings Debra , Smith Sandra , Wright Zada , James Lisa , Henderson Jamye 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA community intervention to mobilize positive reinforcement for not selling tobacco to young people was evaluated. The intervention had five components: (a) mobilization of community support, (b) merchant education, (c) changing consequences to clerks for selling or not selling to those under 18, (d) publicity about clerks’ refusals to sell, and (e) feedback to store owners or managers about the extent of their sales to adolescents. A multiple baseline design experiment was conducted, in which two small Oregon communities received the intervention, while two others continued in baseline. Outlets’ willingness to sell was assessed repeatedly by teenage volunteers. The intervention significantly reduced the proportion of stores willing to sell. Mobilizing socia and material reinforcement for stores not selling tobacco to young people is a viable means of reducing such sales. It may be especially valuable in communities where laws against sales to minors go unenforced.
Competing risks analysis in mountain pine beetle dynamics
Authors: Cole Walter E. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThis paper presents an application and evaluation of competing risks analysis (Chiang, 1968) of mountain pine beetle life tables. Three known and one group of unknown risks are used. Interpretation of the results imply that only the crude probability of death from a specific cause is applicable to this situation; net and partial crude probabilities are yet incomplete. None of the risks (factors of mortality) exerted sufficient influence upon the population to be considered factors of regulation or reduction. Evidence remains that the mountain pine beetle is food‐regulated at optimum temperature conditions and temperature‐regulated at optimum food conditions.
Some interactions of two hymenopterous parasites of the chaff scale
Authors: Avidov Z. , Gerson U. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe development of single, as well as mixed, populations of Aphytis hispanicus and Prospaltella inquirenda, the two important parasites of the chaff scale, Parlatoria pergandii was studied in laboratory. After 24 months of rearing, neither parasite displaced the other, though P.inquirenda, after an initial lag, began to overtake A.hispanicus. The practical applications of these findings are discussed.
Use of the regression of mean crowding on mean density for estimating sample size and the transformation of data for the analysis of variance
Authors: Iwao Syun'iti , Kuno Eizi 
Published: October 2006

SummaryAn approximate method for estimating the sample size in simple random sampling and a systematic way of transformation of sample data are derived by using the parameters α and β of the regression of mean crowding on mean density in the spatial distribution per quadrat of animal populations (Iwao, 1968). If the values of α and β have been known for the species concerned, the sample size needed to attain a desired precision can be estimated by simply knowing the approximate level of mean density of the population to be sampled. Also, an appropriate variance stabilizing transformation of sample data can be obtained by the method given here without restrictions on the distribution pattern of the frequency counts.
Population studies of Cavelerius saccharivorus Okajima (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae): A few findings on population interchange
Authors: Murai Minoru 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe change in population density of Cavelerius saccharivorus was studied in the sugar cane field and the Miscanthus habitats around it. This species spent 2 (or partly 3) generations a year. It was suggested that the density rose in the sugar cane field where the density had been low enough, when the population density increased in the nearby sugar cane fields. Likely, the density in the Miscanthus habitat increased with the density in the nearby sugar cane field. It seems that these are mainly due to flying movement of adults, and that the movement takes place in every season.It was found through the investigation in the sugar cane field that the percentage of long‐winged adults increased with the population density. These adults seemed to emmigrate to the nearby sugar cane fields and Miscanthus habitats. The remarkable increase in the percentage of long‐winged adults in the sugar cane field was probably due to the immigration into there. In the Miscanthus habitat the adult population was consisted mainly of long‐winged ones. Through all the observations, it was suggested that the adult movement was associated with the population regulation and performed chiefly by long‐winged adults.
Protective factors and young adolescent tendency to abstain from alcohol use: A model using two waves of intervention study data
Authors: Spoth Richard , Redmond Cleve , Hockaday Cathy , Yoo Seongmo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo waves of data from a family‐focused preventive intervention project were used to test a model of the influence of protective factors on young adolescents’ tendency toward alcohol abstinence. Prior theoretical and empirical work guided the specification of hypothesized effects of the protective factors affectional relationship with parents, affiliation with prosocial peers, and mastery‐esteem on tendency toward alcohol abstinence. The tested model controlled for preintervention measures and included specified interrelations of protective factors across time. Structural equation analysis indicated that the model fit the data. Two of the hypothesized cross‐time effects, however, were not supported.
Patterns of adolescent involvement in problem behaviors: Relationship to self‐efficacy, social competence, and life events
Authors: Chung HyunHee , Elias Maurice 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsing a sample of 556 adolescents from a suburban community, patterns of various adolescent problem behaviors (e.g., delinquent behavior, smoking, use of alcohol or drugs) and their links to self‐efficacy, social competence, and life events were examined. Cluster analysis was conducted to identify four subgroups of adolescents who showed distinct patterns of problem behaviors. These clusters were compared on the measures of self‐efficacy, social competence, and life events. Overall results suggest there are meaningful links between adolescents’ problem behavior patterns and self‐efficacy, the amount and quality of participation in various after school activities, and life events. For example, a subgroup of adolescents who showed uniformly low prevalence of all problem behaviors reported more positive academic self‐efficacy, more active participation in sports and nonsports activities, more positive life events, and fewer negative events than adolescents who were involved in multiple problem behaviors. Implications for prevention and future research on adolescent problem behaviors are discussed.