bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid metabolite identification with sub parts‐per‐million mass accuracy from biological matrices by direct infusion nanoelectrospray ionization after clean‐up on a ZipTip and LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Erve John C. L. , DeMaio William , Talaat Rasmy E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMetabolite identification studies remain an integral part of pre‐clinical and clinical drug development programs. Analysis of biological matrices, such as plasma, urine, feces and bile, pose challenges due to the large amounts of endogenous components that can mask a drug and its metabolites. Although direct infusion nanoelectrospray using capillaries has been used routinely for proteomic studies, metabolite identification has traditionally employed liquid chromatographic (LC) separation prior to analysis. A method is described here for rapid metabolite profiling in biological fluids that involves initial sample clean‐up using pipette tips packed with reversed‐phase material (i.e. ZipTips) to remove matrix components followed by direct infusion nanoelectrospray on an LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometer using a protonated polydimethylcyclosiloxane cluster ion for internal calibration. We re‐examined samples collected from a prazosin metabolism study in the rat. Results are presented that demonstrate that sub parts‐per‐million accuracies can be achieved on molecular ions, facilitating identification of metabolites, and on product ions, facilitating structural assignments. The data also show that the high‐resolution measurements (R = 100 000 at m/z 400) enable metabolites of interest to be resolved from endogenous components. The extended analysis times available with nanospray enables signal averaging for 1 min or more that is valuable when metabolites are present in low concentrations as encountered here in plasma and brain. Using this approach, the metabolic fate of a drug can be quickly obtained. A limitation of this approach is that metabolites that are structural isomers cannot be distinguished, although such information can be collected by LC/MS during follow‐on experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speciation of manganese binding to biomolecules in pine nuts (Pinus pinea) by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detectors followed by identification by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Arias‐Borrego Ana , García‐Barrera Tamara , Gómez‐Ariza José L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAdvances in analytical methodology for speciation of manganese in pine nuts are presented in this work. The approach is based on the use of orthogonal chromatographic systems, namely size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) of the extracts and strong anion exchange (IEC) of the fractions collected by the first column. In both columns, manganese elution is first monitored by a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) instrument equipped with an octopole reaction cell and an ultraviolet (UV) detector. SEC is performed by using two columns covering the molecular weight range from <10 to 70 kDa that allows an initial screening of the molecular weight of the Mn species. The higher resolution capability of the low molecular weight range column is the reason to use the latter for further experiments. The fraction from SEC‐ICP‐MS in which Mn is present at highest concentration is submitted to IEC‐ICP‐MS allowing Mn‐citrate and MnCl2 identification by retention time matching with standards. The concentration of these species is estimated to be 75 and 125 µg kg−1 (as Mn), respectively, in the pine nuts samples and the presence of Mn‐citrate is confirmed by nanoelectrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (nESI‐QqTOF‐MS). In the same fraction, a third Mn‐containing peak is detected in the IEC‐UV‐ICP‐MS chromatogram. This peak corresponds to a protein containing Mn that was later submitted to a tryptic digestion and analyzed by nESI‐QqTOF. The MS/MS data of a doubly charged peptide are used to obtain the sequence of the protein with the Mascot search engine. The peak turned out to be isocitrate dehydrogenase, a protein commonly associated with Mn. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of diisopropylfluorophosphate in rat plasma and brain tissue by headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Meng , Terry Alvin V. , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA simple, sensitive and rapid method for the determination of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in rat plasma and brain tissue using headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is presented. A 65 µm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was selected for sampling. The main parameters affecting the SPME process such as extraction and desorption temperature, extraction and desorption time, salt addition, and fiber preheating time were optimized in each matrix to enhance the extraction efficiency of the method. The lower limits of quantitation for DFP in plasma and brain tissue were 1 ng/mL and 3 ng/g, respectively. The method showed good linearity over the range from 1–100 ng/mL in plasma and 3–300 ng/g in brain tissue with correlation coefficient (R2) values higher than 0.995. The precision and accuracy for intra‐day and inter‐day were less than 10%. The relative recoveries in plasma and brain for DFP were greater than 50%. Stability tests including autosampler and freeze and thaw were also investigated. This validated method was successfully applied to study the neurobehavioral effects of low‐level organophosphate exposures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A serum metabolomic investigation on hepatocellular carcinoma patients by chemical derivatization followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Xue Ruyi , Lin Zhenxin , Deng Chunhui , Dong Ling , Liu Taotao , Wang Jiyao , Shen Xizhong 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the serum metabolic difference between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 20) male patients and normal male subjects (n = 20). Serum metabolome was detected through chemical derivatization followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The acquired GC/MS data was analyzed by stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and support vector machine (SVM). The metabolites including butanoic acid, ethanimidic acid, glycerol, L‐isoleucine, L‐valine, aminomalonic acid, D‐erythrose, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid in combination with each other gave the strongest segregation between the two groups. By applying these variables, our method provided a diagnostic model that could well discriminate between HCC patients and normal subjects. More importantly, the error count estimate for each group was 0%. The total classifying accuracy of the discriminant function tested by SVM 20‐fold cross validation was 75%. This technique is different from traditional ones and appears to be a useful tool in the area of HCC diagnosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NTRU‐based sensor network security: a low‐power hardware implementation perspective
Authors: Hu Fei , Wilhelm Kyle , Schab Michael , Lukowiak Marcin , Radziszowski Stanislaw , Xiao Yang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWireless sensor network security requires the cryptography software extremely low complex and energy efficient due to the limited memory and CPU capacity in a sensor. The NTRU (Nth degree truncated polynomial ring) encrypt algorithm has been shown to provide certain advantages when designing low power and resource constrained systems, while still providing comparable security levels to higher complexity algorithms. Unlike the current works that build NTRU software in a chip, this research focuses on the hardware implementation of NTRU algorithms because hardware implementation has much higher execution speed than software implementation. In contrast to previous research, the focus is shifted away from specific optimizations but rather provides a study of many of the recommended practices and suggested optimizations with particular emphasis on polynomial arithmetic and parameter selection. Recommendations for algorithm and parameter selection are made regarding implementation in hardware with respect to the resources available. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ovarian volume and follicle number in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women
Authors: Chen Y. , Li L. , Chen X. , Zhang Q. , Wang W. , Li Y. , Yang D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the value of ovarian volume and follicle number in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a Chinese population.MethodsThis study included 432 women with PCOS selected using the National Institutes of Health criteria, who were compared with 153 age‐matched women as controls. All participants were given a transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound scan during day 3–5 of the menstrual cycle (for regularly menstruating women) or randomly (for oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic women). The ovarian volume (calculated using the simplified formula: 0.5 × length × height × width) and follicle number were obtained and the best diagnostic cut‐off values were evaluated using receiver–operating characteristics (ROC)‐curve analysis.ResultsThe 10th and 90th centiles of ovarian volume in PCOS patients were 4.89 and 15.79 cm3, respectively, and the median was 9.21 cm3; the 10th and 90th centiles of follicle number were 8 and 19, respectively, and the median was 12. The 10th and 90th centiles of ovarian volume in controls were 2.43 and 7.75 cm3, respectively, and the median was 4.46 cm3; the 10th and 90th centiles of follicle number were 3 and 10, respectively, and the median was 6. The differences in ovarian volume and follicle number between patients and controls were statistically significant. The areas under the ROC curves for mean ovarian volume (MOV), maximum ovarian volume (MaxOV), mean follicle number (MFN) and maximum follicle number (MaxFN) to diagnose PCOS were 0.898, 0.882, 0.909 and 0.911, respectively. Setting the threshold for MOV at 6.4 cm3 (sensitivity 81%, specificity 85.6%), the threshold for MaxOV at 7.9 cm3 (sensitivity 78%, specificity 85.6%), the threshold for MFN at 10 (sensitivity 85.2%, specificity 88.8%) and the threshold for MaxFN at 12 (sensitivity 85.2%, specificity 92.6%) obtained the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity, based on the Youden index.ConclusionsWe conclude that ovarian volume and follicle number have satisfactory power for use in the diagnosis of PCOS. Cut‐offs of 6.4 cm3, 7.9 cm3, 10 and 12, for MOV, MaxOV, MFN and MaxFN, respectively, obtained the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PCOS in Chinese women. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Characteraction of New Magnetic Co–Al HTLc/Fe3O4Solid Base
Authors: Wang Jun , You Jia , Li Zhanshuang , Yang Piaoping , Jing Xiaoyan , Zhang Milin 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Novel magnetic hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLcs) were synthesized through introducing magnetic substrates (Fe3O4) into the Co–Al HTLcs materials by hydrothermal method. The magnetic Co–Al HTLcs with different Fe3O4contents were characterized in detail by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, DSC, and VSM techniques. It has been found that the magnetic substrates were incorporated with HTLcs successfully, although the addition of Fe3O4might hinder the growth rate of the crystal nucleus. The morphology of the samples showed the relatively uniform hexagonal platelet-like sheets. The grain boundaries were well defined with narrow size distribution. Moreover, the Co–Al HTLcs doped with magnetic substrates presented the paramagnetic property.
Changing Attitudes to the Management of Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer—A Postal Survey of UK Urologists
Authors: Dawam D. , Naseem M.S. , Masood S. , Kourieffs C. , Sherrif M.S. , Mufti G.R. , Palmer J.H. 
Published: September 2008

Introduction: In the United Kingdom, radiotherapy as opposed to cystectomy has been the preferred treatment modality in invasive bladder cancer [Bower M, Ma R, Savage P, Abel P, Waxman J. British urological surgery practice. 2. Renal, bladder and testis cancer. BJU 1998;81:513–7]. However, there appears to have been a recent shift from this approach in favour of radical cystectomy. Against this background, we conducted to postal survey of all full UK urologists to ascertain their practice. The aim of the study was to find out about the current practice of management of muscle invasive bladder cancer in the UK, in particular the shift from radiotherapy to radical surgery as the preferred method of treatment. Material and methods: A 19-point questionnaire on management of muscle invasive bladder cancer was posted to all UK based full BAUS members. Results: 478 questionnaires were sent and 139 valid responses received. Ninety percent used CT as the staging investigation; only 43% requested a bone scan. Eighty two percent offered radical cystectomy as the treatment of choice, of these 94% also undertook limited or extended pelvic node dissection. Five percent used neo-adjuvant radiotherapy. Sixty nine percent routinely undertook an ileal conduit diversion; 31% discussed other forms of diversion and only 6% undertook ortho-topic bladder reconstruction routinely. Recurrence after radiotherapy was treated by salvage cystectomy by 87%. The majority of respondents offered life-long follow-up. Conclusion: Radical cystectomy is the favoured treatment of UK urologists for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Ileal conduit is still the preferred method of diversion and only a small minority offer orthotopic reconstruction. Perhaps better patient education as well as better reconstructive training opportunities for cancer urologists will make neobladders a favoured option in the future.
A comparison of vaginal, laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal, and minilaparotomy hysterectomies for enlarged myomatous uteri
Authors: Sesti Francesco , Calonzi Francesca , Ruggeri Velia , Pietropolli Adalgisa , Piccione Emilio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the operative data and early postoperative outcome of vaginal hysterectomy (VH), laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), and minilaparotomy hysterectomy (MiniLPT).MethodsA total of 150 women who required hysterectomy for enlarged myomatous uteri were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups: VH (n = 50), LAVH (n = 50), and MiniLPT (n = 50). The primary outcome was hospital discharge time. The secondary outcomes were operative time, blood loss, paralytic ileus, postoperative pain, and intraoperative and early postoperative complications.ResultsMean hospital discharge time was longest with MiniLPT, and shortest with VH (P < 0.01). VH was the fastest operating technique, was associated with less blood loss, and resulted in shortest duration of paralytic ileus (P < 0.01). No intraoperative complications occurred.ConclusionVH should be the preferred surgical approach in patients with enlarged myomatous uteri. When VH is not feasible, LAVH should be considered an alternative to MiniLPT. Further controlled prospective studies are required to confirm these results.
On finite dimensionality of mixed Tate motives
Authors: Biglari Shahram 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe prove a few results concerning the notion of finite dimensionality of mixed Tate motives in the sense of Kimura and O'Sullivan. It is shown that being oddly or evenly finite dimensional is equivalent to vanishing of certain cohomology groups defined by means of the Levine weight filtration. We then explain the relation to the Grothendieck group of the triangulated category D of mixed Tate motives. This naturally gives rise to a λ–ring structure on K0(D).
What you think is not what they get: significant discrepancies between prescribed and administered doses of tube feeding
Authors: van den Broek Paulina W. J. H. , Rasmussen-Conrad Ellen L. , Naber Anton H. J. , Wanten Geert J. A. 
Published: September 2008

Enteral tube feeding remains an indispensible strategy to treat disease-related malnutrition. In the present study we evaluated in clinical practice whether prescribed feeding volumes correspond with administered quantities and we highlight possible causes for discrepancies. During a 4-month observation period data from all patients fully depending on tube feeding (1·5–2·5 litres/d) were collected in a Dutch 900-bed academic hospital. The range for administered feeds to be adequate was set at 100 ± 10 % of the prescribed dose. Fifty-five patients (mean age 57 (sd 30) years) were included. Tube feeding was given continuously via pump (n 37) or drip (n 3), in portions (n 14) or by combined modes (n 1). Administered tube feeding amounts were significantly lower than prescribed in 40 % of all patients (P ≤ 0·001). The mean ratio of administered v. prescribed energy was 87 (sd 21) % (all modes), 85 (sd 24) % (pump), 94 (sd 12) % (portions) and 88·3 (sd 18·1) % (drip), respectively. The mean energy deficit amounted to 1089 kJ/d (range − 7955 to +795). Only on intensive care unit wards did feeding administration meet the set goal. Feeding interruptions because of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures were the main reason for decreased intakes. Our findings show that many patients relying on tube feeding do not meet their nutritional goals during hospital stay. This problem can be addressed by adapting feeding schedules and the use of formulations with a higher energy density.
Is the use of ultrasound-derived prediction equations for adults useful for estimating total and regional skeletal muscle mass in Japanese children?
Authors: Midorikawa Taishi , Sanada Kiyoshi , Yoshitomi Aiko , Abe Takashi 
Published: September 2008

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether ultrasound-derived prediction equations for estimating total and regional skeletal muscle (SM) mass in adults are applicable for prepubertal children and adolescents. Ten Japanese prepubertal children and twenty-one adolescents volunteered for the study. Contiguous MRI images with a 1 cm slice thickness were obtained from the first cervical vertebra to the ankle joints as reference data. The SM volume was calculated from the summation of digitised cross-sectional areas. The regional SM volume was determined by anatomical landmarks visible in the scanned images. The volume units were converted into mass by an assumed SM density (1·041 g/cm3). Muscle thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasound at nine sites on different muscles (lateral forearm, anterior and posterior upper arm, abdomen, subscapular, anterior and posterior thigh, anterior and posterior lower leg). Total and regional SM mass was estimated using adult prediction equations. Mean values between measured and predicted total and regional segments of SM mass were not significantly different for adolescents, but were for prepubertal children. There was a relatively large range of the 95 % limits of agreement both in prepubertal children and adolescents. These results suggest that the adult ultrasound-derived prediction equations are useful for estimating total and regional SM mass for adolescents at the group level, but the relatively high degree of variability suggested limited reliability at the individual level both in prepubertal children and adolescents.
LATITUDINARIANISM AND APOCALYPTIC HISTORY IN THE WORLDVIEW OF GILBERT BURNET, 1643–1715*
Authors: CLAYDON TONY 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTAlthough one of the most influential figures of his time, Bishop Gilbert Burnet has become one of the most neglected. This article outlines Burnet's worldview, arguing that it can only be partly understood by labelling him a ‘latitudinarian’ as scholars have hitherto tended to. Alongside Burnet's conventionally latitudinarian descriptions of Christianity as a set of rational and simple beliefs that could command very wide assent, the bishop also had a strong sense of history as a providential and apocalyptic unfolding of a battle between ‘true’ and ‘false’ churches, which was characterized by a powerful European dimension and by an identification of Antichrist with religious persecution. The article concludes with suggestions about how such lines of thought might have cohered with the more traditionally ‘latitudinarian’ elements of Burnet's philosophy, and about how they might allow historians to re-think the latitudinarian movement more generally.
PARLIAMENTARY ENCLOSURE, PROPERTY, POPULATION, AND THE DECLINE OF CLASSICAL REPUBLICANISM IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN
Authors: THOMPSON S. J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe pamphlet debate concerning the perceived effects of parliamentary enclosure on property and population in eighteenth-century Britain has been largely neglected by intellectual historians. One consequence of this debate was to undermine the credibility of the classical republican economic vision of agrarian simplicity, due to its proponents' failure to come to terms with the enormous disjunction between ancient and modern economies. Although the enclosure of agricultural land had provoked hostility since at least the fifteenth century, after 1700 its opponents developed new arguments to take account of the legislature's increasingly prominent role in facilitating the process. In doing so, anti-enclosure writers drew on classical republican ideas, arguing that enclosure was contrary to the public interest because it eroded the independence of the yeomanry, valorized by numerous republican authorities as integral to the country's military strength. In their criticisms of modern policy, these writers praised the agrarian laws of the Roman republic, as well as the Tudor tillage acts. The agricultural ‘improvers’, on the other hand, denied the validity of these precedents on the grounds that the historical contingencies which had produced the Roman agrarian laws, or the Tudor tillage acts, were of limited relevance in a society based on the interdependence of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce.
BRITISH REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SURVEILLANCE OF ITALIAN AFFAIRS, 1860–70*
Authors: WRIGHT O. J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTDuring the nineteenth century the British consular service was often dismissed as an organization with purely commercial responsibilities. A succession of governments and diplomats insisted upon this notion, despite the fact that at certain times both relied very much on consular officials for information on foreign affairs. This dependence was especially evident in Italy during the decade after 1860, when British leaders had lent their moral and diplomatic support to the creation of the modern Italian state against considerable international opposition. During this period their desire not to see the achievement undone led them to maintain a close watch on Italian affairs. The contribution made in this area by the consular service, and the manner in which it was reorganized in response to Italian unification, show how such a role could take priority over its other functions. Although this state of affairs was no doubt exceptional on account of the remarkable level of British interest in the Unification of Italy, it nonetheless provides a clear demonstration of how the organization could be used under certain circumstances. The extent to which British consuls were used to monitor affairs in post-unification Italy also encourages reflection upon the widespread view that British foreign policy rejected interventionism in favour of isolation from European affairs during the 1860s.