bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Translocation of 14C‐Sucrose and 14C‐Benzyl Adenine in Winter Wheat (Tritkum aestivum L.) in the Period of Kernel Formation
Authors: Ibrahim M. El.‐D. , Prochézka S. , Borkovec V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe transport and distribution of 14C‐sucrose and 14C‐BA were studied in internode segments with ear of two winter wheat cultivars with a different mass of kernels in the period of kernel formation. While MC‐sucrose was transported and accumulated intensively in the developing ear, 14C‐BA was transported much less and only a small part of it was found in the ear. With the ear development the accumulation of both 14C‐sucrose and 14C‐BA in the ear increased but the 14C‐BA distribution pattern (ratio of the internode/kernel and the rest of the ear) did not change significantly. In the period of one to two weeks after anthesis the accumulation of 14C‐sucrose and 14C‐BA was higher in the kernels of the Slavia cv., i.e. in the cultivar with a higher mass of kernels.
Nitrogen and Carbofuran Effects on the Growth and Yield Performance of Mungbean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek)
Authors: Hamid A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStudies were carried out both in the semi‐controlled environment and in the field to evaluate the influence of nitrogen and carbofuran in the growth, dry matter partitioning and yield of mungbean. Both nitrogen and carbofuran increased leaf area, leaf N content, NAR, dry matter, most of the yield attributes, and grain yield. Dry matter accumulation during the reproductive phase was significantly influenced by nitrogen and carbofuran, and method of N application. Plants treated with nitrogen fertilizer and carbofuran produced higher amount of dry matter after flowering; but gave low harvest index values compared to control. The results suggest that mungbean yield can be substantially increased through efficient dry matter partitioning employing agronomic manipulations.
Effect of Planting Sequence and Time, and Nitrogen on Maize Legume Intercrop Yield
Authors: Bryan W. B. , Peprah S. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractProductivity of maize (Zea mays L.) legume intercrops is determined by soil, management, and environment. Planting sequence and time and N fertilization are easily controlled management factors but their effects on intercrop yields are not well understood. Maize grown in monoculture or intercropped with polebean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Warp.) was studied for two growing seasons at Morgantown, WV. Crops were seeded in the following sequences: maize before legume, both at the same time, and legume before maize. Planting times were early May or mid June. Nitrogen was applied at 0 or 160 kg ha−1. Maize grain and forage, legume grain and forage, and total forage production were determined on a dry matter basis. Intercropping (average of all treatments) reduced maize grain and forage yields compared to maize in monoculture but had no effect on total forage production. However, total forage production was greatest when the seeding sequence was maize intercropped at the same time or before cowpea. Cowpea never produced grain, but forage production was almost double that of polebean. Maize produced most forage when seeded before the legumes, and the legumes produced most forage when seeded before maize. Early planting increased maize production and decreased legume production. Nitrogen increased maize grain, maize forage, and total forage yields but had not effect on legume forage production. It is concluded that maize/legume intercrops show promise for increasing forage production in temperate areas and more research on planting times and densities, weed control, harvesting and management is needed.
Influence of Benzyladenine on Leaf Senescence and Photosynthesis in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Srivastava G. C. , Goswami B. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of foliar application of benzyladenine on sunflower leaf senescence, photosynthesis, RuBP carboxylase activity and diffusion resistance was investigated. A considerable drop in photosynthetic rate and rise in diffusion resistance were noted dunng the seed filling period. Benzyladenine application maintained the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a : b ratio at higher level, enhanced RuBP carboxylase activity and net photosynthesis in both upper and lower leaves. A lower level of diffusion resistance was also observed by benzyladenine application during seed filling period. The results suggested that application of benzyladenine at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing could help to maintain photosynthesis and assimilate supply to the developing seeds of sunflower.
Osmotic Adjustment and Stomatal Characteristics of the Secale cereale X Secale montanum Cross Permontra
Authors: Gordon‐Werner E. , Dörffling K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOsmotic behavior, photosynthesis and leaf conductance under drought stress as well as stomatal morphology and stomatal recovery after stress were investigated in the drought tolerant Secale cereale x Secale montanum cross Permontra, five S. cereale cultivars and the wild rye S. montanum.Water relations parameters were measured on potted plants during and after a 7 day stress period.Osmotic adjustment occurred in all varieties but was greatest in Permontra. Size and frequency of stomata was not related to drought tolerance but stomatal recovery after stress was quickest in Permontra.
The Persistence of Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrass in a Mixture with Diploid Perennial Ryegrass
Authors: Roegiers P. , Reheul D. , van Bogaert G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn investigation was carried out into the survival of two tetraploid varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), sown in a mixture with a diploid and very intensively grazed for over five years.Mixture M1 consisted of the late heading varieties Meltra and Vigor, and mixture M2 of the early heading varieties Merlinda and Melino.The ploidy was determined by microscopic analysis.The share of the tetraploid component decreased in both mixtures. The decrease was more pronounced in the early heading mixture. Information was also sought on the technique of sampling such swards.
Soil Water Flux Below the Root Zone of a Peanut Crop
Authors: Khan A. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the result of field experiments conducted in Agricultural Engineering Department Farm, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India to estimate changes in water flux below the root zone of a peanut crop with varying irrigation levels in a lateritic sandy loam soil. The magnitude and direction of moisture flux around the root zone were considerably influenced by levels of irrigation and time.
Untersuchungen zur Bildung und Verteilung der Biomasse bei alten und neuen deutschen Sommerweizensorten
Authors: Feil B. , Geisler G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Accumulation and distribution of dry matter in old and new german summer wheat‐cultivars Five old german summer wheat varieties bred in the first third of this century were compared with five new varieties in an outdoor pot trial. The new genotypes outyielded the old varieties by only approximately 10%. It may be supposed that this small genetic gain in grain yield resulted from breeding for superior bread‐making quality. The new genotypes produced more kernels per plant. The tkw of both groups of varieties was nearly equal. However, new and old varieties did not show a particular yield structure. The grain/straw‐ratio of the new varieties was higher. The old varieties reached anthesis later and had produced more above‐ground biomass at anthesis as well as at maturity. Whereas the old genotypes had higher stem and sheath weights at flowering, the weights and areas of leaf laminae were simular for old and new varieties. The new genotypes tended to greater upper leaves and had greener lower leaves, but did not gain more dry matter after anthesis. The postfloral loss of dry matter from the vegetative tissue depended on the organ and the age of the varieties.
Effect of an Azolla Cover on the Conditions in Floodwater
Authors: Kröck T. , Alkämper J. , Watanabe I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAzolla, a free floating waterfern which is used as green manure for rice, forms mats that cover the water surface. Light intensity, oxygen concentration and pH in the water under the Azolla cover were determined in the laboratory and in the field. The relative light intensity under a full cover of Azolla was about 10 percent. Azolla reduced the maximum oxygene concentration in water by 3–8 ppm. The pH was lowered by 1.4 points. The relationship between these characters and possible effects on the utrient conditions in floodwater and soil are discussed.
Effect of Air Humidity on Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Soybean Leaves
Authors: Zou D. S. , Kahnt G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe responses of photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, leaf conductance and cuticular transpiration to water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) have been simultaneously measured in single attached leaves of soybean in order to test the mechanism in the effects of air humidity on photosynthesis and transpiration. The results of present experiments have shown that the affecting mechanism of VPD or air humidity on the photosynthesis and transpiration is by means of controlling not only the stomatal behavior, but also the cultivars behavior, and the stomatal closure at high VPD or low air humidity is a function of the cuticular transpiration, rather than the stomatal transpiration.
Penetration Resistance, Root Growth, and Water Content in a Subsoiled Claypan1
Authors: Grecu S. J. , Kirkham M. B. , Kanemasu E. T. , Sweeney D. W. , Stone L. R. , Milliken G. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPenetration resistance, root length density, and water content of soil with maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), or a mixture of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were measured during two summers, one of which was dry. Plants grew on a silt loam (Mollic Albaqualfs; fine, mixed, thermic), 0.25 m deep overlying a claypan, 1.75 m thick. Half of the plots were subsoiled before planting in the first year of the study and the other half were not subsoiled. During both years, subsoiling had no measurable effect in lowering the penetration resistance in the claypan. Root length density was greater in the claypan than in the topsoil. Subsoiling did not increase root length density in either year. Water content in plots that had been subsoiled was usually similar to that in plots that had not been subsoiled. In the dry year, roots of maize proliferated more in the claypan than did roots of soybean or alfalfa + fescue.
A New Hybrid Model for Panicle Growth in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Mohandass S. , Natarajaratnam N. , Kailasam C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA significant positive correlation was found between grain yield of rice and rate of filling. We developed an hybrid model (combining both Richard's function and quadratic polynomial in one model) for calculating the filling rate. This model is found to be the best fit for panicle development in rice.
Effects of Shading Densities on Root Chemical Composition of Sugarbeet
Authors: Ghandorah M O. , Al‐Saad F. A. , El‐Rouby M. M. , Al‐Derfasi A. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of different shading densities on some chemical composition of the roots of two sugarbeet cultivars was studied out during 1984/1985 season. Plants were grown under 0, 37, 50 and 70 % shading treatments.Results showed that the capacity of root tissue in production or storage of sucrose was not directly dependent on light intensity as all the shading treatments did not change the sugar percentage. Therefore, it was suggested that the sucrose percentage in the root was a genetically‐dependent character more than an environmental one.Also, shading had no significant effects on the chemical composition (protein, fiber, fat, ash and dry matter) of fresh roots at maturity, except the fiber percentage which was significantly increased only under the 70 % shading treatment.
Untersuchungen zum Wurzelwachstum von Jungpflanzen alter und neuer Winterweizensorten sowie eines Spelzweizens bei variierter N‐Versorgung
Authors: Feil B. , Geisler G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Root growth of seedlings of old and new winter wheat cultivars and a spelt wheat at varying levels of nitrogen Root growth of five old (time period 1882–1920) and five new (time period 1975–1982) winter wheal cultivars and a spelt winter wheat cultivar was investigated in two greenhouse trials. Nitrogen (NH4NO3) was supplied at six (Exp. I) and two (Exp. II) levels (sub‐ to supraoptimal for shoot growth). The seedlings were grown in sand‐filled polyethylene tubes of 4.5 cm diameter and 50 cm length at 20 oC. The plants were harvested 11 (Exp. I) and 12 (Exp. II) days after emergence. At this early stage of development root growth o: old and new cultivars differed only slightly. The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots. The longest roots of the modern cultivars penetrated into deeper layers of the substrate. For some traits, cultivar: seemed to respond specifically to the varying N‐supply. However, there were no significant difference: between old and new cultivars. Neither were old cultivars better adapted to low N‐fertilization nor were modern cultivars superior in tolerating toxic concentrations of NH4NO3. Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area. The number of apices was affected only to a very small degree.
Grain Yield and Drought Resistance Indices of Oat Cultivars in Field Rain Shelter and Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Larsson S. , Górny A. G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOat cultivars (n = 22) varying in origin were examined in laboratory and field tests at Svalöv and Ultuna, Sweden, in 1985 and 1986. Comparisons were made between drought resistance characteristics of juvenile plants and drought responses in yield of crops grown in field. By using automatic, movable rain shelters in combination with drip irrigation systems, both high and low irrigation regimes could be effected in the field experiments.Black oat cultivars were more stable under water deficiency conditions, particularly on sandy soil. They possessed the highest drought resistance indices both in the laboratory and field. Modern white oat cultivars were found to be most drought sensitive.Drought resistance index (DRI) and seminal root length (RL), as assessed in seedling stage, were strongly correlated with field drought susceptibility index (S). It is suggested that DRI and RL could be used as selection criteria to increase drought resistance of oats.
Nitrate and Ammonium Uptake Kinetics of Three Annual Range Species
Authors: Dempsey P. M. , Shock C. C. , Williams W. A. , Carlson R. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe uptake kinetics of nitrate and ammonium ions was compared for the annual range species: subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), soft chess (Bromus mollis L.), and broadleaved filaree (Erodium botrys [Cav.] Bertol.) to study competitive interactions in nitrogen deficient soils. Fifteen‐day‐old seedlings were allowed to deplete solutions of nitrate or ammonium in the range of 5 to 500 μM concentrations for a 10‐hour period during which net uptake (depletion) was monitored by a sensitive conductance technique. Subclover uptake rates were markedly less than those for soft chess and filaree for both nitrate and ammonium at both low and high concentrations. The evidence supports the hypothesis that subclover is a poor competitor for soil N in part because of this physiological difference.
Root Distribution Characteristics of Paddy (IR 60) under Mechanical Impedance in Wetlands
Authors: Mathan K. K. , Natesan R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo field trials with paddy crop were raised to study the root distribution characteristics under mechanical impedance. Plots varying in bulk density were created by passing 400 kg stone roller (1 meter width) 8 times and 16 times. After harvest of the first crop 32P was injected to the paddy stubbles and the percentage of total radioactivity at different layers upto 30 cm was calculated to study the root distribution characteristics. The results revealed that 47.2 per cent of the roots are distributed in the first 10 cm of the soil, 29.5 and 23.3. per cent were found in the second and third 10 cm layers, respectively. As the mechanical resistance increased 62.9 to 67.0 per cent of the roots were found in the top 10 cm layer. The root distribution pattern in the second crop was studied by the procedure of Newman (1966). The trend of results were as for the first crop.
Temperature Regime of Azolla under Rice
Authors: Kröck T. , Alkämper J. , Watanabe I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effects of different rice canopies on the temperature regime of the Azolla plants and their immediate environment were studied in a paddy field in the Philippines.Diurnal temperature cycles were measured in the field with thermocouples. Without rice plants Azolla temperature reached of up to 41°C, which was 6°C above air temperature. The rice canopy reduced the temperature of Azolla by up to 5°C. The relationship between the temperature of Azolla and of its environment (air and floodwater) is discussed. Differences between the two planting patterns of rice were obvious. With 20 × 20 cm spacing temperatures were reduced to a greater extend and at an earlier rice crop stage than with double‐narrow‐row spacing. Under extremely high temperatures the nee canopy may improve the conditions for the growth of Azolla.
Influence of Soil Water Regimes on VA Mycorrhiza
Authors: Sieverding E. , Toro T. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA greenhouse trial was conducted with cassava inoculated with seven different VAM fungal species, i.e. Acaulospora longula, A. myriocarpa, Entrophospora colombiana, Glomus fasciculatum, G. manihotis, G. occultum and Scutellospora heterogama. A wet and a dry soil water regime was established to study the effect of water stress on performance of these fungi with a drought tolerant cassava clone. At harvest, N, P and K concentration was analysed in leaves, petioles, stems and roots.In unstressed plants, five endophytes were effective whereas in stressed plants only three fungi improved growth beyond the non‐mycorrhizal control. These were E. colombiana, G. manihotis and G. occultum which were most effective for P uptake under stress. Differential effects of VAM fungal species on root length and K. uptake were found. A. myriocarpa caused the greatest increase in length of feeder roots and G. occultum was one of the most effective for K uptake under both water regimes even though these fungi were not the most effective for dry matter production. Under each water regime, the concentration of N, P and K in leaves, petioles, stems and roots was influenced by the fungal species. Mycorrhizal endophytes differed in tolerance to dry soil conditions as found by root infection ratings. From the results it can be concluded that in addition to the improved P nutrition the enhanced root length and K uptake by VAM fungi may be important for drought tolerance of cassava.
Einfluß des Standortes, der N‐Düngung, der Sorte und des Erntezeitpunktes auf den Ertrag an fermentierbaren Zuckern bei Topinamburkraut und ‐knollen
Authors: Leible L. , Kahnt G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Effect of location, N‐fertilization, variety and harvest date on the yield of fermentable sugars of Jerusalem artichoke tops and tubers In the past, the production of fermentable sugar with Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) resulted nearly exclusively from tubers.It should be investigated to what extent the tops can be used beside tubers as a source of fermentable sugars, connected with studies about diverse components of yield and morphological characteristics.In field trials at three locations in the south‐west of Germany in 1983 and 1984 yields of “Total Fermentable Sugars” (TFZ) with Jerusalem artichoke tops up to 6.7 t/ha were achieved according to variety, N‐fertilization and harvest date. While harvesting Jerusalem artichoke tubers yields of TFZ up to 8.3 t/ha had been feasible.The presented correlations between components of yield and morphological plant characteristics refer to interesting mechanisms of reaction and dependence on the formation of yield with this crop. The high yield level of Jerusalem artichoke and its adaptability to different locations also present this crop as an interesting renewable biomass crop for the south‐west of Germany.
Alternate Selection Indices for Leaf Photosynthetic Rate in Greengram (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek) Cultivars
Authors: Chandra Babu R. , Moosa Sheriff M. , Muralidharan V. , Seetharani M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSignificant differences were observed for leaf net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, nitrate reductase activity, stomatal frequency and specific leaf mass among ten greengram cultivars. Leaf net photosynthetic rate had significant positive correlation with soluble protein, nitrate reductase activity, stomatal frequency and specific leaf mass. Leaf net photosynthetic rate had no relationship with leaf chlorophyll content in greengram.
Methodologische Entwicklungslinien in der Pflanzenbauforschung*
Authors: Krug H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMethodological lines of development in plant production researchConcerning plant production research 2 lines of methodological development are presented: Physiological approaches orientated primarily to botany at low abstraction level and approaches primarily orientated to plant production based on the black box model at high abstraction level. The limits and chances of these approaches and the problems related to application are discussed. Their use for greenhouse production is presented concerning the development of planning‐, long term control‐ and on‐line control models at high abstraction level.ZusammenfassungFür die Pflanzenbauforschung werden 2 me‐thodologische Entwicklungslinien aufgezeigt: Die vorwiegend an der Botanik orientierten, physiologischen Ansätze auf niedriger Ab‐straktionsebene und die vorwiegend pflanzen‐baulich orientierten, von der, black box“‐Me‐thode ausgehenden Ansätze auf hoher Ab‐straktionsebene. Die Grenzen und Möglich‐keiten dieser Ansätze und die mit ihrer An‐wendung verbundenen Probleme werden dis‐kutiert. Ihre Nutzung für die Gewächshaus‐produktion wird anhand der Entwicklung von Planungs‐, Steuerungs‐ und Regelungsmodel‐len auf hoher Abstraktionsebene beschrieben.