bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ECOLOGICAL SUBJECTIVITY IN THE MAKING
Authors: Code Lorraine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis is the first of three chapters that develop the conception of subjectivity on which the book’s argument relies. It shows that the model of developmental psychology, originating with Jean Piaget and persisting in Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage theory of moral development, is embedded in assumptions about achieved rational mastery as the mark of moral and cognitive maturity. Not only does it overlook the part played by sociality and affect in child development, it pays scant attention to the constitutive role of situational factors — cultural, class, racial, gendered, sexual — in the production of human subjectivities. Taking as its point of departure Valerie Walkerdine’s critique of Piaget in The Mastery of Reason, and reading Walkerdine together with Ludwig Wittgenstein’s remarks about “the child”, the chapter argues for an approach to developmentality that is socially and ecologically aware in its conception of subjectivity, sociality, citizenship, and of knowledge as a power-saturated social institution.
PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE, PUBLIC TRUST
Authors: Code Lorraine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTaking its point of departure from the suppression of research findings by a Canadian drug company with a vested interest in keeping them from the public eye, this chapter reads the ambiguous gendered implications of the positioning of Dr. Nancy Olivieri, a scientist and physician, as the principal player in the story. Issues of credibility, answerability, academic freedom, and the role of trust in knowledge figure centrally in the analysis. It shows how ecological thinking allows for the development of a productive reading of responsibility, rooted neither in individualism nor in an implausible voluntarism; and attentive to the climatic conditions in which much scientific research in the 21st century takes place. It extends the discussion of collective responsibility that begins in chapter six to raise questions about ecologically sound research practices, justice, and citizenship.
Women Recovering Our Clothes
Authors: Young Iris Marion 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This essay contends that one of the privileges of femininity in rationalized instrumental culture is an aesthetic freedom — the freedom to play with shape and color on the body, don various styles and looks — and through them exhibit and imagine unreal possibilities. Such female imagination has liberating possibilities because it subverts and unsettles the order of respectable, functional rationality in a world where that rationality supports domination. In the context of patriarchal consumer capitalism, however, such liberating aspects of clothing fantasy are intertwined with oppressing moments. This essay asks how women’s pleasure in clothes can be described. It adopts a method derived from Luce Irigaray in an attempt to extricate the liberating and valuable in women’s experience of clothes from the exploitative and oppressive.
Breasted Experience:
Authors: Young Iris Marion 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This essay explores some aspects of the cultural construction of breasts in a male-dominated society, seeking a positive women’s voice for breasted experience. It begins with a discussion of the dominant culture’s objectification of breasts. Relying on Irigaray’s suggestive ideas about women’s sexuality and an alternative metaphysics not constructed around the concept of object, an experience of breast movement and sensitivity from the point of view of the female subject is presented. It asks how women’s breasts might be experienced in the absence of an objectifying male gaze, and discusses how breasts are a scandal for patriarchy because they disrupt the border between motherhood and sexuality. Finally, the question of objectification is revisited through reflections on a woman’s encounter with the surgeon’s knife at her breast.
A Room of One's Own:
Authors: Young Iris Marion 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Many old people who need nursing care live in residences that routinely deprive them of privacy in the sense of a secure personal space where one dwells according to one’s own habits with things of one’s own. It is argued that old people should not have to do without a home in this sense just because they have become unable to live independently, or because their relatives are unable or unwilling to make a home for them in their own dwellings. Services and institutions offering shelter and care to needy persons often fail to appreciate what is required for individuals not simply to stay alive, physically well, and nourished, but to have the life of a person. A room of one’s own or its equivalent should be understood not as a luxury that social services can ill afford, but rather as a basic element of the value of privacy.
“I Want to Be Ready!”
Authors: Smith Yolanda Y. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter introduces four teaching strategies that emerge from the characteristics of a triple-heritage model of Christian education that is grounded in the African American spirituals. The model consists of the following: communal, creative, critical, and cooperative. The teaching strategies that emerge from these characteristics include communal dialogue, creative engagement, critical reflection, and cooperative action. The chapter then discusses various aspects of a course called “Christian Education in the African American Experience” and details how these strategies have shaped and informed the teaching of the course. The primary purpose of this chapter is to examine the teaching/learning process that emerges throughout the course.
Rethinking the Core
Authors: Aponte Edwin David 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter explores some pedagogical challenges, responses to, and strategies for the inclusion of African and African American cultural perspectives into the required core curriculum courses at a graduate theological seminary. This chapter represents the author's longstanding personal interest in African and African American religions and cultures — an interest that was deepened through participation in the workshop “Mining the Motherlode of African American Religious Life”. This personal commitment is used to develop seminary courses that draw on African American religious life. In the teaching context, part of the challenge of rethinking the core curriculum lies in the particular nature of theological education.
Acknowledging Diversity in the American Catholic Experience
Authors: McNary-Zak Bernadette 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the question of how a course on the history of American Catholicism might be framed for a non-Catholic, Protestant, and Southern context. The author of this book has developed an entirely new course, “Histories of American Catholicism”, which strives to address diversity by problematizing American Catholic identity. This chapter discusses several methodological issues with a particular focus on how they have shaped the author's thinking about how to teach this course. Since the course has not yet been taught in either a Catholic or a non-Catholic context, this chapter is a working proposal that offers a preliminary road map. It will require adjustment as it is tested out.
Teaching African American Religions as Learning to Resist Racism
Authors: Gathje Peter R. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter discusses two strategies that have proven to be helpful in building trust and creating a transformative understanding of African American religions in relation to resistance to racism. The first strategy helps students to see diversity within African American religion (and thus also the African American experience) by providing methods for analysing arguments, persons, and events from the history of African American religions. The second strategy helps students see how their own experiences and perspectives on racism are related to racism in the United States. Used together, these strategies can empower students in their analysis of racism and the variety of ways African American religions have resisted racism. This, in turn, may help students to consider their own relationship to racism and their resistance to it.
Teaching African Religions at a Traditionally White Institution in the South
Authors: Watkins Ralph C. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Teaching “African American Religions” is an intense experience. Teaching the course calls on the teacher to observe the students changing as the students go through a transition during the course. This course has to be seen as a journey. It must be framed as a process of reunification and reconstruction. The teacher needs to feel compassion as he or she works in the community reconciling students to their roots as they explore the foundations of African American religiosity.
Energy Conversions
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOur civilization is based on massive consumption of fossil fuels. This chapter begins by examining technical advances of energy industries, before turning to energy transitions and the process of decarbonization of global energy supply. The second section deals with electricity production in general, and with nuclear generation (as well as nuclear weapons) in particular. The last section traces the invention and deployment of the only two new prime movers introduced during the 20th century: gas turbines and rocket engines.
New Realities and Counterintuitive Worlds
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTechnical advances based on unprecedented levels of energy use brought a new phenomenon of mass consumption as well as many obvious gains in the typical quality of life. However, they have not substantially reduced economic inequality. They also introduced new risks (ranging from car accidents to nuclear weapons) and some worrisome environmental changes, especially the possibility of relatively rapid global warming.
A New Era or an Ephemeral Phenomenon?
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWhile the accomplishments of (and the existing problems with) 20th century ingenuity are clear, their implications for the future are highly contested as techno-optimists clash with critics of technical advances. In this context, it is useful to remember that even the most destructive technical advances were not responsible for most of the man-made deaths during the 20th century. There is nothing inevitable about the long-term survival of civilization based on technical ingenuity and high energy consumption: openness and uncertainty best describe our prospects.
Bioethics and Women
Authors: Mahowald Mary Briody 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This book deals with bioethical issues relevant to women across the life span. “Gender justice” is the starting point and the end point of the author’s approach to the issues addressed. The first section offers an overview of bioethics, critiques prevalent approaches to bioethics and models of the physician-patient relationship, and sketches distinguishing aspects of women’s health care. Classical pragmatists and feminist standpoint theorists are enlisted in support of “an egalitarian perspective”, and positions on the moral status of fetuses and those already born are examined. The second section identifies topics that are directly or indirectly related to women’s health; these include prenatal testing, childbirth and newborn decisions, treatment of minors and the elderly, assisted reproduction, abortion, eating disorders, domestic violence, breast and gynecological cancer, end of life care, and research on women. Brief cases illustrate variables related to each topic. Empirical and theoretical considerations follow each set of cases; these are intended to precipitate more expansive and critical examination of the questions raised. The book concludes with discussion of an egalitarian ideal to be pursued through an ethic of virtue or supererogation rather than obligation. By embracing this ideal, according to the author, moral agents support a more demanding level of morality than guidelines or laws require.
Distinguishing Features of Women's Health Care
Authors: Mahowald Mary Briody 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Sex and gender differences in women’s health care are delineated. Models of the physician-patient relationship and casuistic and principlist methods of moral reasoning are critiqued on grounds of their lack of conformity with an egalitarian approach to bioethical issues. The question of “who is the patient” in health care of pregnant women is discussed. Ethically relevant similarities and differences between professional guidelines and regulatory statutes regarding health care are also examined.
Decisions at Parturition and Birth
Authors: Mahowald Mary Briody 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Cases illustrating variables relevant to the decisions of pregnant women about methods of childbirth, elective cesarean delivery, impaired newborns, and sex assignment at birth are presented. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors relevant to the cases are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of those who are “nondominant”. Implications of different positions about moral status of fetuses and newborns are also considered.
Preventing Pregnancy and Birth
Authors: Mahowald Mary Briody 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Cases illustrating variables relevant to women’s choices about contraception, sterilization, and abortion are presented. With regard to abortion, these include duration of gestation, condition of the fetus, methods of termination, availability and cost of the procedure, medical risks to the woman or potential child, capacity for parenting, responsibilities based on relationships to others, and different positions about the moral status of the fetus. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors are discussed from an egalitarian perspective that privileges women’s standpoint vis-à-vis men’s not only on grounds of nondominance but also on grounds that women, not men, are directly affected by pregnancy.
Violence and Discrimination toward Women and Children
Authors: Mahowald Mary Briody 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Cases illustrating variables relevant to violence toward children, pregnant women, and the elderly, as well as gender discrimination and sexual harassment are presented, stressing the impact of these situations on women’s health. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of those who are “nondominant”, i.e., women as patients. With regard to pregnant women, implications of different positions about moral status of fetuses are also considered.
Nonreproductive Health Issues
Authors: Mahowald Mary Briody 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Cases illustrating variables that arise in the health care of women who are HIV positive or have AIDS, women with breast or gynecological cancer, and the use of hormone replacement therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms are presented. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of women as patients.
From the Council of Trent to “Tridentinism”
Authors: Alberigo Giuseppe 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter describes the emergence of the system called “Tridentinism” following the Council of Trent. The Council incorporated, redefined, and updated the norms of the previous centuries to such an extent that it became preferable to view these norms through the lens of the Council's decrees. The body of Tridentine decrees increasingly edged all previous sources out of ecclesiastical use. Thus, it became obligatory to refer to Trent for solutions to every problem that arose, doctrinal or institutional. As a result, post-Tridentine Catholicism gradually took on a uniformity that nobody would have dared to think possible during the acute phase of the Protestant schism. This “Tridentinism” even managed to penetrate, in important ways, certain parts of the Protestant world.
Moral Theology
Authors: Keenan James F. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Few explicit references regarding moral theology can be found in the documents of either the Council of Trent or the Second Vatican Council. Still, moral theology before and after the two councils went through extraordinary changes regarding method, its standard of authority, and its understanding of moral truth. This chapter is divided into two sections. First, it explores two major works, one thirty years before and the other thirty years after the Council of Trent. Second, it examines developments before and after Vatican II.
Christian Marriage
Authors: Roberts William P. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter explores the shifts in the theological understanding of Christian marriage, from the Tridentine and post-Tridentine era, to the Vatican II and post-Vatican II period. The analysis is divided into five main parts. The first summarizes the main points of the Council of Trent's position on marriage. The second considers the post-Tridentine understanding of the meaning of marriage as reflected in the 1917 Code of Canon Law. The third considers the principal developments of the Church's perception of marriage as presented by the bishops at the Second Vatican Council. The fourth explores some of the practical implications emanating from this change of understanding. The final section explores further questions that emerge from this new perception of marriage, questions that the hierarchical magisterium has not yet sufficiently addressed.
Korea under Siege, 1876-1945
Authors: Chung Young-Iob 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis book examines the transformation of the independent and isolated Korean economy into a dependent colonial economy during the period between 1876 and 1945, focusing on capital formation, economic development, and structural changes. During this 70-year period, Korea underwent three distinct stages of economic transformation: the traditional economy before the opening of the country to the outside world in 1876, the transitional economy between 1876 and 1904 under its own sovereignty, and the colonial economy under Japan from 1905-1945. This book studies the combination of changing circumstances, approaches, and experiences in the country, such as the propensities to work, produce, invest, save, and entrepreneurship, as well as institutional and economic reforms that took place during the three stages of development. It also investigates the level and distribution of income and consumption (standard of living), which reveal a number of significant patterns and characteristics of capital formation, economic development, and structural changes in the Korean economy.
The Transitional Economy, 1876–1904
Authors: Chung Young‐Iob 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter investigates how foreign influences through trade, investment, and other forms of interaction affected the capital formation and economic transformation of Korea during the 30-year transitional period between the opening of the country to the outside world in 1876 and when it became a Japanese protectorate in 1904. It examines the extent to which the infusion of foreign resources, Western technology, and education from foreign countries played a major role as the purveyors of Western thought, technology, investment, and the forces of change and innovation. Korea's responses to the encroaching new foreign forces in terms of domestic institutional reforms and public investments including investment in human capital are assessed. The responses of the private sector, including the Korean people (e.g., society's elites (yangban), merchants, craftsmen, and common citizens) during the transitional period are analyzed. The chapter also examines the question of whether Korea had the motivation to transform into a modern economy. The last part of the chapter assesses Korea's national income, consumption, and savings during the transitional period as a result of foreign incursion.
Mobilization of Savings for Investment
Authors: Chung Young‐Iob 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter examines the mobilization of the savings/resources of both foreign and domestic sources for investment in both the public and private sectors. The foreign sources of resources/savings examined are foreign direct investment, Japanese government grants, and foreign loans, which were largely supplied by Japan, in addition to the savings of both the Japanese and Koreans in Korea. The domestic savings examined are the sources of owners' equity and loans of financial institutions, which may be traced to the savings of both Japanese and Koreans. These have increased over time partly due to the enforcement of the government savings policy. The credit policies of the financial institutions are examined, which directed the mobilized savings to certain targeted industries under the government's guidance. Other facets of mobilization of savings for investment analyzed include: Who supplied the most resources/savings for investment, and to what extent? Who were the borrowers and in what sectors? What were the terms of loans? Who financed them? These analyses may provide insight to capital formation and motives for financing investment in Korea.
Economic Growth and Structural Changes
Authors: Chung Young‐Iob 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the impact of investment on Korea's economic growth and structural changes relative to aggregate production — which is measured in terms of gross domestic product — during the 40 years of Japanese rule. This is followed by an assessment of structural changes in industry, mining, transportation, communications, commerce, finance, agriculture, forestry, and fishing, together with changes in industrial and agricultural organizations, which transformed the Korean economy from agrarian to semi-industrial. This chapter also analyzes the rise of the modern sector, the expansion of businesses, the monopolistic tendency in the industrial sector, changes in the make-up of land ownership, the rise in the scale of landholding, the enlargement of land tenancy, and the worsening status of working farmers, which affected both income and wealth distribution in Korea. The type of goods produced in the manufacturing is examined, particularly between the heavy, chemical, and light industries; the extent of “manufactured goods”; and the rise of the service sectors. The increased volume and changing patterns of foreign trade are also assessed, including the kinds of goods and services traded, Japanese dominance over the Korean economy, and Korea's economic dependency on Japan.
Income Distribution, Consumption, and Saving
Authors: Chung Young‐Iob 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter assesses the impact of capital formation and economic development under Japanese rule on income distribution, consumption (standard of living), and savings in Korea, focusing those of Koreans and Japanese in Korea. This allows the evaluation of the ultimate beneficiaries of economic growth and transformation in the country relative to various economic sectors (e.g., industry and agriculture), income groups (e.g., landlords, farmers, businesses, and wage earners), and different nationalities (i.e., Koreans and Japanese). Similar analyses have been performed relative to personal consumption and savings, as well as business savings based on economic/income sectors/groups and nationality.
Kensington Temple
Authors: Thompson Damian 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter introduces Kensington Temple and its senior pastor, Colin Dye. It shows how the life of the congregation reflects the religious trends discussed in chapters 2 and 3, such as the increasing role of consumer choice in the everyday spirituality of born-again Christians. Kensington Temple also reproduces the conflicting demands of high- and low-tension religion. The second half of the chapter shows how Dye and his flock attempt to reconcile these demands by engaging in the rational management of charisma.