bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between physical activity and quality of life among Western Australian breast cancer survivors
Authors: Milne Helen M. , Gordon Sandy , Guilfoyle Andrew , Wallman Karen E. , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious research has shown that physical activity (PA) may be beneficial to quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer survivors. Few studies however, have focused on the time period soon after the completion of adjuvant therapy or examined exercise issues separately for rural/urban or healthy weight/obese breast cancer survivors. Our study addressed these issues. Breast cancer survivors (N = 558) from the Western Australia Cancer Registry completed a survey that included the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast (FACT‐B) scale. Results showed that only 31% of breast cancer survivors were meeting the recommended PA guidelines post‐treatment. Analysis of variance revealed that survivors meeting these guidelines reported higher scores on the FACT‐B (mean difference 8.6; 95% CI = 5.0–12.1; p<0.001), the FACT‐General (mean difference 6.3; 95% CI = 3.5–9.0; p<0.001), the trial outcome index (TOI; p<0.001), and several of the FACT‐B subscales. Furthermore, healthy weight participants also reported higher scores than obese participants on the FACT‐B (p = 0.058) and the breast cancer subscale (p = 0.033). There were no differences based on geographic location. We conclude that physically active and healthy weight breast cancer survivors report better QoL than their inactive and obese counterparts soon after completing adjuvant therapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GLP SOPs for equipment calibration and maintenance. Part 4: logistics of SOP writing
Authors: Colligon Irina , Rosa Michelle 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOn the surface, writing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) seems fairly simple. All you need to do is write it all down. Unfortunately as the clichés go, appearances can be deceiving, and if it looks too good to be true, it probably is. This is not to say that the act of getting the processes on paper has to be torturous, it just requires some forethought and planning.In the previous installments of this series (Qual Assur J 2006; 10(2): 107–110 [1]; Qual Assur J 2006; 10(3): 203–207; Qual Assur J 2006; 10(4): 279–285), we have discussed the preparatory steps for writing SOPs, such as the process inventory (Qual Assur J 2006; 10(3): 203–207) and mapping (Qual Assur J 2006; 10(4): 279–285). In this portion, we are going to discuss the logistics of creating SOPs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shaking table model test and numerical analysis of a complex high‐rise building
Authors: Lu Xilin , Zhou Ying , Lu Wensheng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOwing to commercial or aesthetic considerations, the shapes of high‐rise city buildings are becoming increasingly unique and complicated. This brings challenges to structural engineers in analyzing and predicting their dynamic responses, which are crucial to the safety of the buildings. For these buildings in China, a detailed study, sometimes including shaking table testing, is required to verify the safety and rationality of their design. This paper presents results of a study performed for a high‐rise building with a large space in the ground floor and large openings in elevation. The maximum responses of acceleration and deformation were measured and evaluated, as well as the dynamic characteristics, cracking pattern and failure mechanism of the building. In addition, a 3D finite element analysis was carried out and the analytical results were compared with experimental ones to gain a better understanding of the structural behavior. Suggestions regarding the design of this type of structure were also derived from the test results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse analysis of building structures under excitation of near‐fault ground motion with consideration of large deformation and displacement
Authors: Shih Ming‐Hsiang , Chen Chang‐Liang , Sung Wen‐Pei 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe dynamic analysis of structural stability with consideration of material and geometrical non‐linearity is necessary for near fault‐earthquake that is rich in long‐period components and often induces the non‐linear large displacement and deformation response of a building structure. A macro‐element bilinear geometric stiffness model and simplified analytical model are proposed and developed to analyze the P‐Δ effects of structural dynamic response using a numerical approach. A structural stable threshold diagram is then proposed to evaluate the geometric stability of a building structure with large deformation under the excitation of a near‐fault earthquake. The analysis results reveal: (1) the simplified geometric stiffness analytical model is useful for analyzing structural dynamic P‐Δ effects and acquire very good accurate results even though the structural geometric stiffness varies between elastic and plastic zone; (2) stable threshold diagrams, based on dynamic analysis and statistical analysis procedures, are conducted by application of this proposed model to easily evaluate structural geometric stability with larger deformation imposed by a near‐fault earthquake. This method can supplement the insufficient capability for the static pushover analysis procedure to estimate the seismic proof demands for building without dynamic P‐Δ effects analysis; (3) the analysis results of stable threshold diagrams indicate that when stability coefficient θ of a building is greater than 1 or base shear factor (V/W) of the building is less than 0·2, static P‐Δ effects become noticeable. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions using P‐chirogenic diaminophosphine oxides: DIAPHOXs
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a new class of chiral phosphorus ligand: aspartic acid‐derived P‐chirogenic diaminophosphine oxides, DIAPHOXs, and their application to several Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions. Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation was initially examined in detail using diaminophosphine oxides 1a, resulting in the highly enantioselective construction of quaternary stereocenters. Mechanistic investigations revealed that 1a is activated by N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide‐induced tautomerization to afford a trivalent diamidophosphite species 12, which functions as the actual ligand. Furthermore, asymmetric allylic amination was examined using Pd‐DIAPHOX catalyst systems, providing a variety of chiral allylic amines. © 2007 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 7: 150–158; 2007: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20108
Profit Evaluation in Some Repairable Redundant Systems
Authors: Kumar Ashok 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo models have been considered for repairable redundant systems with perfect and imperfect switchover. The system model consists of many active units with one spare unit as standby. The failure time distributions are assumed to be exponential whereas the repair time distributions are arbitrary. The reward structure of Howard has been superimposed on the semi‐Markov processes generated by the system models to obtain the expected profit that the systems will earn per unit time if they are operated in an infinitesimal time interval. Several particular cases have been included.
Zur intervallanalytischen Lösungseinschließung bei charakteristischen Anfangswertproblemen mit hyperbolischer Differentialgleichung zst = f(s, t, z)
Authors: Bauch H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractZur Lösung von Anfangswertproblemen bei gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen lassen sich iterative Verfahren verwenden, die auf der Defektmethode basierend die Konstruktion numerisch sicherer Fehlerschranken hoher Genauigkeit bei relativ geringem Rechenaufwand ermöglichen. Derartige Verfahren können in analoger Weise auch zur Lösung des charakteristischen Anfangswertproblems bei hyperbolischen Differentialgleichungen der Gestalt zst(s, t) = f(s, t, z(s, t)) eingesetzt werden. Unter relative schwachen Voraussetzungen an das Ausgangsproblem entsteht eine linear konvergente Folge inklusionsmonotoner Intervallfunktionen, die sämtlich den gesuchten Fehler ‐ und damit die Lösung des Problems ‐ sicher einschließen.
Bounds for the Probability of Wait in M/G/s Queues
Authors: Stoyan H. , Stoyan D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAusgehend von der Kenntnis der Randverteilung des Wartezeitenvektors werden mittels linearer Optimierung Schranken für die Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür, daß eine Forderung in M/G/s warten muß, ermittelt.
Numerical Solution of the Flow between Two‐Counter‐Rotating Infinite Plane Disks by Multiple Shooting
Authors: Pesch H.‐J. , Rentrop P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUsing multiple shooting techniques the two‐point boundary value problem for the flow between two counter‐rotating disks is solved numerically for Reynolds number R in the range 0 < R ≦ 20000. Relations between the two disks problem and the boundary value problem of a single disk are investigated.
Ähnlichkeitsgesetz des Spektrums der Turbulenzenergie für den Trägheitsbereich k ≫ k0 in homogener isotroper Turbulenz
Authors: Szablewski W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAuf der Grundlage der Formel von Kovasznay für den turbulenten Energiefluß, die äquivalent ist dem Kolmogorovschen −5/3‐Gesetz des Spektrums der Turbulenzenergie, wird für den Trägheitsbereich k ≫ k0 (k0 Wellenzahl der großen Wirbel) ein Ähnlichkeitsgesetz des Spektrums der Turbulenzenergie hergeleitet, das die Modellkonstante Reλ enthält und in der Asymptote in das Kolmogorovsche −5/3‐Gesetz übergeht. Das entsprechende eindimensionale Spektrum stimmt mit der neueren Messung von J. Schedvin et al. überein.
Die Greensche Matrix für zwei aneinander reibungsfrei gleitende elastische Halbräume mit verschiedenen Laméschen Moduln
Authors: Jentsch L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEs wird der Greensche Tensor für zwei elastische Halbräume (mit verschiedenen Laméschen Moduln), die sich berühren und reibungsfrei gegeneinander gleiten können, berechnet. Für den regulären Teil des Tensors wird ein geeigneter Potentialansatz gemacht und die Dichten dieser Potentiale aus einem singulären Integralgleichungssystem durch Fourier‐Transformation ermittelt. Als Grenzfälle ergeben sich die elastostatischen Greenschen Tensoren 2. und 3. Art für den Halbraum. Mit Hilfe des Greenschen Tensors lassen sich gewisse Wärmespannungsprobleme explizit lösen; als Beispiel wird eine in einem der beiden Halbräume eingeschlossene wärmeisolierte Kugel betrachtet, die um eine konstante Temperatur erwärmt wird.
Wave Motion of Small Amplitude of a Fully Ionized Plasma under Gravitational Field
Authors: Pai S. I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe two‐fluid theory is used to analyze the wave motion of a fully ionized plasma under the gravitational field. For wave propagated in the direction of the gravitational force, the transverse waves are not affected by the gravitational force but the longitudinal waves are greatly affected by the gravitational force. There is a cut‐off frequency ωc such that all the longitudinal waves with frequency greater than ωc will always be damped even for an ideal plasma of infinite electrical conductivity.
Kombinationsresonanz eines stochastisch erregten Schwingungssystems
Authors: Model R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe combination resonance of a nonlinear vibrating system exited parametrically by narrow‐band random forces is investigated. The application of the integral equation method leads to approximative formulae for the probability densities of the two response amplitudes. The results are evaluated numerically in dependence of the linear and nonlinear damping.
Ein Beitrag zur Systematisierung von Variationsprinzipien der Elastizitätstheorie und zu ihrer Verwendbarkeit für Finite‐Element‐Verfahren
Authors: Knothe K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe submitted paper presents a systematic synopsis on variational principles with relaxed continuity requirements for linear elastic continua. Two‐field functionals with deformations and stresses as unknown functions and one‐field functionals derived therefrom are considered. The general applicability of these variational principles for finite element procedures is evaluated.
Über die Existenz eines diskreten Spektrums der elastischen Platte kleiner Ausbiegung bei gemischten Randbedingungen einschließlich elastischer Randlagerung sowie Lagerung im Plattengebiet und Massenträgheiten
Authors: Schlüter H. ‐J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractProceeding from an equivalent formulation of variation problem for the eigenvalue of plate theory by Kirchhoff and using a theorem by I. Hlaváček/J. Nečas, the existence of a discrete spectrum is proved in case of elimination of free movement of rigid‐body. The plate is investigated for mixed boundary conditions as well as elastic boundary bedding and stretching and bedding in plate region. Mass inertia forces also may exist.
Dynamic Snap‐through Buckling of a Timoshenko Two Bar Frame under a Suddenly Applied Load
Authors: Kounadis A. N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA variational methodology for investigating the dynamic stability of frames subjected to a suddenly applied load of constant magnitude and infinite duration is developed and successfully demonstrated through a simple two‐bar frame. A criterion for dynamic stability is presented on the basis of which dynamic snap‐through loads are established. Using Timoshenko's beam theory the individual and coupling effects of various parameters (i.e. cross‐sectional shape, loading eccentricity, slenderness ratio and moment of inertia ratio of the two bars) on the dynamic and static snap‐through load are fully assessed.
A Method of Characteristics for Solving Two‐dimensional Unsteady Flow Problems
Authors: Ravindran Renuka 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe aim of this investigation is to evolve a method of solving two‐dimensional unsteady flow problems by the method of characteristics. This involves the reduction of the given system of equations to an equivalent system where only ‘interior’ derivatives occur on a characteristic surface. From this system, four special bicharacteristic directional derivatives are chosen. A finite difference scheme is prescribed for solving the equations. General rectangular lattices are also considered. As an example, we investigate the propagation of an initial pressure distribution in a medium at rest.
Dynamic Deformation Processes of Elastic‐Plastic Systems
Authors: Gröger K. , Nečas J. , Trávníček L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with dynamic processes of elastic‐plastic systems the behaviour of which is described by models that make use of internal state variables and internal forces. It is proved an existence‐uniqueness result with respect to displacements, strains, stresses, internal state variables and internal forces, and it is shown that these values depend continuously on initial values and external forces.
Relation of the quality of solvent‐extracted soybean oil and residual oil content of meal
Authors: Arnold Lionel K. , Choudhury R. Basu Roy , Chang Huan‐Yang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFlaked soybeans were extracted by commercial hexane in a continuous countercurrent pilot‐plant and in glass extraction‐rate apparatus. The quality of the oil extracted at various stages was evaluated in terms of iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, color, refining loss, free fatty acids, phospholipids, and neutral oil. As the residual oil content of the meal decreased, the refining loss, phospholipid content, and color of the extracted oil increased. There was no significant change in other properties. The maximum amount of refined oil was obtained with a meal containing about 1% residual oil.
Ozonization of soybean oil. The preparation and some properties of aldehyde oils
Authors: Pryde E. H. , Anders D. E. , Teeter H. M. , Cowan J. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA polyaldehydie product called aldehyde oil was prepared by the ozonization of soybean oil, followed by reductive decomposition of the ozonolysis products. Reductive decomposition by chemical means gave 85舑90% yields of carbonyl in the aldehyde oil. Catalytic reduction gave 75舑80% yields. Partially‐hydrogenated soybean oil gave more efficient results than did unhydrogenated oil. The polyfunctional aldehyde oil was found to undergo condensation reactions with phenolic compounds, urea, amines, and polyols to give cross‐linked polymers.
Alternative hydrocarbon solvents for cottonseed extraction
Authors: Wan P. J. , Pakarinen D. R. , Hron R. J. , Richard O. L. , Conkerton E. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHexane has been used for decades to extract edible oil from cottonseed. However, due to increased regulations affecting hexane because of the 1990 Clean Air Act and potential health risks, the oil‐extraction industry urgently needs alternative hydrocarbon solvents to replace hexane. Five solvents,n‐heptane, isohexane, neohexane, cyclohexane, and cylopentane, were compared with commercial hexane using a benchscale extractor. The extractions were done with a solvent to cottonseed flake ratio of 5.5 to 1 (w/w) and a miscella recycle flow rate of 36 mL/min/sq cm (9 gal/min/sq ft) at a temperature of 10 to 45°C below the boiling point of the solvent. After a 10‐min single‐stage extraction, commercial hexane removed 100% of the oil from the flakes at 55°C; heptane extracted 100% at 75°C and 95.9% at 55°C; isohexane extracted 93.1% at 45°C; while cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and neohexane removed 93.3, 89.4, and 89.6% at 35, 55, and 35°C, respectively. Each solvent removed gossypol from cottonseed flakes at a different rate, with cyclopentane being most and neohexane least effective. Based on the bench‐scale extraction results and the availability of these candidate solvents, heptane and isohexane are the alternative hydrocarbon solvents most likely to replace hexane.
Quantitative extraction of pecan oil from small samples with supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Maness Niels O. , Chrz Donna , Pierce Troy , Brusewitz Gerald H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA procedure to determine total oil content of pecan was developed for samples weighing 500 and 10 mg by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide as the extraction solvent, and chilled hexane as the trapping solvent. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were prepared from the total lipid fraction by using either an aliquot (500 mg starting weight) or the entire extract (10 mg starting weight). Total oil content obtained for either sample size with SFE was similar to that obtained with an organic solvent extraction technique. The fatty acid composition for the total lipid fraction of oils extracted with SFE was the same as for oils extracted with organic solvents, and oil composition did not change during SFE. Both oil yield and fatty acid composition were similar to those reported previously for pecan. Samples could be extracted and placed into FAME‐derivatizing reagents in one day, and fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction could be determined by gas‐liquid chromatography the next day. The procedure, as demonstrated for pecan, should be suitable for other oilseeds, especially those containing low amounts of water.
Methods for increasing estolide yields in a batch reactor
Authors: Erhan Selim M. , Kleiman Robert , Isbell Terry A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEstolides are formed when the carboxylic acid group of one fatty acid forms an ester link at the site of unsaturation of another fatty acid. These compounds have the potential to be used in a variety of applications, such as lubricants, greases, plastics, inks, cosmetics, and surfactants. By manipulating the reaction equilibrium, yields of 20% estolide in clay‐catalyzed estolide reactions have been increased to 30%. Reactions conducted at 180°C, where water was vented out of the reactor at specific times, not only gave dimer‐free estolides but also yields up to 30%. Steam has also been used instead of water with similar results. Estolides were quite stable at temperatures up to 250°C, even when they were exposed to air.
Storage stability of biodiesel
Authors: Bondioli Paolo , Gasparoli Ada , Lanzani Armando , Fedeli Enzo , Veronese Sergio , Sala Maura 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRenewable vegetable fuels are spreading rapidly throughout Europe and North America. Because biodiesel fuel has now acquired an important market share, it is necessary to thoroughly examine aspects of its use not previously considered either at the research stage or when overhauling the production technology. One of these aspects is its medium‐term storage. The object of the present work is to study the behavior of biodiesel under controlled storage conditions that simulate those found in reality. Samples of biodiesel were kept in the dark, at two different temperatures (20°C and 40°C), in both glass and iron containers. They were controlled by the parameters that indicate their state of oxidation. Another group of samples was stored in glass and kept under the conditions described above in the presence of increasing quantities of water to determine its influence on the formation of acidity.
Elucidation of cyclic fatty acid monomer structures. Cyclic and bicyclic ring sizes and double bond position and configuration
Authors: Mossoba Magdi M. , Yurawecz Martin P. , Roach John A. G. , Lin Hubert S. , McDonald Richard E. , Flickinger Brent D. , Perkins Edward G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGas chromatography (GC)‐electron ionization mass spectrometry of 2‐alkenyl‐4,4‐dimethyl‐oxazoline derivatives was used to confirm the identities of a complex mixture of C18 diunsaturated cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAMs) that were isolated from heated flaxseed (linseed) oil. The positions of double bonds and 1,2‐disubstituted unsaturated 5‐ and 6‐membered rings along the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains were established by this method. The oxazoline spectra exhibited a homologous ion series with a pattern of peaks that were 14 u (u=atomic mass unit) apart but interrupted when a double bond (12‐u mass interval) or a ring was present along the fatty acid chain. The identity and location of a ring were indicated by a large interval of 68, 82, 66, 80, 78, or 120 u for a saturated 5‐ or 6‐membered ring, monounsaturated 5‐ or 6‐membered ring, diunsaturated 6‐membered ring, or monounsaturated bicyclic ring system (fused 5‐ and 6‐membered rings), respectively. The double bond configuration for the methyl ester derivatives of these CFAMs was established by GC‐matrix isolation‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The elucidated alkenyl structures at C2 in diunsaturated 2‐[alkenyl]‐4,4‐dimethyloxazolines were 8‐(2‐but‐trans‐1‐enyl‐cyclopentenyl)octyl, 9‐(2‐propyl‐cyclopentenyl)non‐rans‐8‐enyl, 9‐(2‐propyl‐cyclopentenyl)non‐cis‐7‐enyl, 8‐(2‐but‐cis‐1‐enyl‐cyclopentenyl)ocytl, 9‐(2‐propylcyclopentenyl)non‐cis‐8‐enyl, 8‐(2‐propyl‐cyclohex‐cis‐4‐enyl)oct‐trans‐7‐enyl, 8‐(prop‐trans‐1‐enyl‐cyclohex‐cis‐4‐enyl)ocytl, and 8‐(2‐propylcyclohexa‐cis,cis‐3,5‐dienyl)octyl.