bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors for postoperative recurrence of stage I colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis of a large population
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Song Zhangfa 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Patients diagnosed with stage I CRC typically do not require postoperative adjuvant treatment. However, postoperative recurrence is present in at least 40% of patients with CRC and often occurs in those with stage I disease. This study aimed to elucidate the current status of recurrence and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with stage I CRC.MethodsData of indicated patients were obtained from 18 registries in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). The multivariable Fine–Gray regression model was used to identify the mortality risk of patients. Disparities in survival were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with recurrent risk overestimation.ResultsOur study indicated a recurrence rate of 15.04% (1,874/12,452) in stage I CRC cases. Notably, we identified race, age, T stage, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels as independent risk factors for tumor recurrence, substantially impacting prognosis. Furthermore, gender, race (Black), age (&gt;65 years), elevated CEA levels, and refusal or unknown status regarding radiotherapy significantly correlated with an adverse prognosis in patients with stage I CRC.ConclusionsWe identified certain key clinicopathological features of patients with stage I CRC and demonstrated the survival benefits of radiotherapy, offering a new perspective on stage I CRC follow-up and treatment recommendations.
Assessing susceptibility for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity in an in vitro 3D respiratory model for asthma
Authors: Valdez Reese M. , Rivera Brianna N. , Chang Yvonne , Pennington Jamie M. , Fischer Kay A. , Löhr Christiane V. , Tilton Susan C. 
Published: April 2024

There is increased emphasis on understanding cumulative risk from the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors as it relates to public health. Recent animal studies have identified pulmonary inflammation as a possible modifier and risk factor for chemical toxicity in the lung after exposure to inhaled pollutants; however, little is known about specific interactions and potential mechanisms of action. In this study, primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) cultured in 3D at the air-liquid interface (ALI) are utilized as a physiologically relevant model to evaluate the effects of inflammation on toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of contaminants generated from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Normal HBEC were differentiated in the presence of IL-13 for 14 days to induce a profibrotic phenotype similar to asthma. Fully differentiated normal and IL-13 phenotype HBEC were treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BAP; 1–40 μg/mL) or 1% DMSO/PBS vehicle at the ALI for 48 h. Cells were evaluated for cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, and transcriptional biomarkers of chemical metabolism and inflammation by quantitative PCR. Cells with the IL-13 phenotype treated with BAP result in significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased barrier integrity, less than 50% compared to normal cells. The effect of BAP in the IL-13 phenotype was more apparent when evaluating transcriptional biomarkers of barrier integrity in addition to markers of mucus production, goblet cell hyperplasia, type 2 asthmatic inflammation and chemical metabolism, which all resulted in dose-dependent changes (p &lt; 0.05) in the presence of BAP. Additionally, RNA sequencing data showed that the HBEC with the IL-13 phenotype may have increased potential for uncontrolled proliferation and decreased capacity for immune response after BAP exposure compared to normal phenotype HBEC. These data are the first to evaluate the role of combined environmental factors associated with inflammation from pre-existing disease and PAH exposure on pulmonary toxicity in a physiologically relevant human in vitro model.
Identification and Economic Evaluation of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Care Consumption Patterns Using Sequence Analysis
Authors: Demeulemeester Romain , Grosclaude Pascale , Grunenwald Solange , Saint-Pierre Philippe , Savy Nicolas , Costa Nadège 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of care consumption patterns and individual characteristics on the cost of treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), in France, with a specific emphasis on socioeconomic position.Methods: The methodology involved a net cost approach utilising cases from the EVATHYR cohort and controls from the French National Health Insurance database. Care consumption patterns were created using Optimal Matching and clustering techniques. The individual characteristics influence on patterns was assessed using multinomial logistic regression. The individual characteristics and patterns influence on care costs was assessed using generalised estimating equations.Results: The findings revealed an average cost of €13,753 per patient during the initial 3 years. Regression models suggested the main predictors of high DTC specific care consumption tended to include having a high risk of cancer recurrence (OR = 4.97), being a woman (OR = 2.00), and experiencing socio-economic deprivation (OR = 1.26), though not reaching statistical significance. Finally, high DTC-specific care consumers also incurred higher general care costs (RR = 1.35).Conclusion: The study underscores the increased costs of managing DTC, shaped by consumption habits and socioeconomic position, emphasising the need for more nuanced DTC management strategies.
Determination of Self-Neutralization Phenomena of Ion Beams with Langmuir Probe Measurements and PIC-DSMC Simulations
Authors: Kozakov Ruslan , Maigler Maximilian , Schein Jochen , Wallace Neil 
Published: April 2024

Small mN-class gridded ion thrusters are usually tested in a vacuum chamber without the use of a neutralizer, relying on self-neutralization of the ion beam due to interaction with facility walls. Langmuir probe measurements performed immediately downstream of such a thruster reveal values of the plasma potential of several hundreds of volts. If this locally very high potential indeed exists, it would have significant impact on the erosion rate of RIT grids and thus reduce the lifetime of thrusters compared to the generally accepted plasma potential of a few tens of volts. Further measurements performed with a movable Langmuir and emissive probes indicate that the probe mount violates the ability of the ion beam to self-neutralize. This is concluded due to dependence of the measured potential value on the degree of neutralization introduced in the experiment. Particle-in-cell and direct-simulation Monte Carlo simulations of the ion beam corresponding to experimental conditions (ion energy EXe+=1.5 keV and ion beam current IXe+=17 mA) are carried out to determine the phenomena responsible for the self-neutralization; mainly, reactions with neutral species such as ionization by electron or ion impact and secondary electron emission (SEE) from the facility walls are compared. Reasonable agreement with measurements is achieved, and SEE is determined to be the primary source of electrons, indicating that facility and measurement disturbance effects majorly influence testing of (non-neutralized) ion beams. Further, limitations of the applicability of probe diagnostics on non-neutralized ion beams are described.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Improves Cognitive Impairment and Intestinal Microecological Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet in Rats
Authors: Jin Kangyu , Chen Bing , Han Shengyi , Dong Jingyi , Cheng Shangping , Qin Bin , Lu Jing 
Published: April 2024

Consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) is widely recognized to cause obesity and result in chronic brain inflammation that impairs cognitive function. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown effectiveness in both weight loss and cognitive improvement, although the exact mechanism is still unknown. Our study examined the effects of rTMS on the brain and intestinal microecological dysfunction. rTMS successfully reduced cognitive decline caused by an HFD in behavioral assessments involving the Y maze and novel object recognition. This was accompanied by an increase in the number of new neurons and the transcription level of genes related to synaptic plasticity (spindlin 1, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic protein-95) in the hippocampus. It was reached that rTMS decreased the release of high mobility group box 1, activation of microglia, and inflammation in the brains of HFD rats. rTMS also reduced hypothalamic hypocretin levels and improved peripheral blood lipid metabolism. In addition, rTMS recovered the HFD-induced gut microbiome imbalances, metabolic disorders, and, in particular, reduced levels of the microvirus. Our research emphasized that rTMS enhanced cognitive abilities, resulting in positive impacts on brain inflammation, neurodegeneration, and the microbiota in the gut, indicating the potential connection between the brain and gut, proposing that rTMS could be a new approach to addressing cognitive deficits linked to obesity.
Adapting Organizational Inclusivity Through Empowering Gender-Diversity
Authors: Nguyen Colton 
Published: April 2024

With an increasingly diverse workforce, organizational efficiency needs to consider the measurement of sustainability through the empowerment of social identities. When organizational leaders intentionally foster a culture that values their gender-diverse stakeholders, organizational efficiency increases. This article reviews how organizational leaders are able to increase their productivity, efficiency and overall organizational sustainability through adapting to inclusive practices. Sharma (2019) notes that initiatives to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion can significantly enhance a company's performance, resonating particularly with newer generations of employees who seek meaning and purpose in their work. The organization’s environment has the opportunity to facilitate a stronger stakeholder-focused culture which emphasizes inclusivity. Through the evaluation of Diversity, Equity and Inclusivity principles as well as analyzing the intersectionality of Gender-Diversity, this article highlights how organizational inclusivity must empower its stakeholders. Social Identity Theory presents how individuals are able to thrive through their authenticity. This leads to workplace leaders being presented with the organizational need of adapting to include equitable practices for inclusivity. As social identity is a prevalent part of employee’s psychological-safety, organizations need to measure their efficiency through efforts of inclusivity. Workplaces must value the psychological-safety of all of its stakeholders in order to thrive as an entire organization (Frazier et al.,2017). Current research demonstrates the need for organizations to practice alignment of stakeholders and collaboration for productivity (Zhenjing et al., 2022). However, the gap in current research presents that gender identity is not currently considered as a social identity that needs inclusivity efforts in the workplace. When organizations adapt their practices to enable all stakeholders to thrive through inclusive efforts, overall organizational efficiency increases. Stringer (1999) discusses how the facilitation and implementation of change as part of action research projects can help create systemic changes. This type of change to the systems of the workplace through equitable practices for gender-diversity would create change for future generations in the workplace.
Diversity and inclusion in the South African telecommunications industry: An LGBTQIA+ employee perspective
Authors: Sibande Xolile , Gobind Jenika 
Published: April 2024

Despite improvements globally in actions and campaigns supporting the LGBTQIA+ community, individuals who belong to the community continue to face immense backlash and challenges in their lives for their choices and beliefs. In Africa, there are still over 30 countries that criminalise acts of homosexuality. People who identify as LGBTQIA+ often face discrimination, harassment, and violence because of their sexual orientation or gender in social and workplace settings. This study aimed to understand the experiences of employees who align with the LGBTQIA+ community and how they navigate diversity and inclusion in the workplace. While examining whether organisational culture may enable the seamless reasonable accommodation and inclusion of LGBTQIA+ employees in the workplace. The study focused on one sector at this time to further understand if the South African telecommunications industry is embracing diversity, equity and inclusion of employees who identify as LGBTQIA+. The two theories which guided the study were the queer theory and institutional theory. These theories assisted in providing a greater understanding of the concepts and phenomena studied. Providing a lens that enabled an understanding of how an individual’s unique experiences in the workplace may be perceived, as a deterrence for inclusion. Following a mixed qualitative methodology, data was gathered using a two-phase approach. The first phase entailed purposively selecting eight participants who engaged in a reflective diary. The second phase involved a set of interviews with fifteen participants. Data gathered from both phases were coded and thematically analysed enabling a triangulation of findings. Which revealed that diversity and inclusion measures are unmet. Employees who identify, as belonging to the LGBTQIA+ community are challenged each day with many resigning in an attempt to escape discrimination, harassment, and abuse. Participant's commitment to continue with the diary study for fear of being identified as the first limitation. The second limitation was the industry's reluctance to share their insights. Trust had to be built to continue with the research process. Recommendation for further research in this area and for studies to include other sectors with larger samples.
Barriers to Women Professionals’ Career Growth during Covid-19 in India
Authors: Chaudhari Sushama , Inamdar Shivani 
Published: April 2024

The slow advancement of women in their workplaces remains a social concern for corporates and industry experts across the globe (International Labour Organisation Report, 2018). During the covid-19 pandemic, the advancement of women got significantly impacted owing to the increased burden of domestic responsibilities and other personal challenges. According to the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Report (2021), women in India were seven times more likely to lose their jobs during the pandemic and eleven times more likely to not return to work after the job loss. With the Covid-19 pandemic on the rise and spreading, companies were forced to redesign their work systems, initiate and adopt a remote-work setup option. While, a majority of companies continue with the hybrid model, some companies are slowly eliminating it and returning to the regular office norms as before. This change is likely to impact women, especially the working mothers, owing to the uneven distribution of child-care responsibilities, domestic work, etc. Additionally, conventional barriers such as discriminatory practices, mentoring, networking challenges and role conflicts are expected to persist or rather increase in the changed-working models – be it the hybrid, remote, or completely offline system. The present study focuses on identifying the constraints faced by the Indian women striving against the current for their career advancements, both during the Covid-19 pandemic disruption phase and post-pandemic scenario. The insights from the study will be helpful to gain a cumulative understanding about the challenges faced by women owing to the emerging work system and in addressing the future concerns more systematically.
Pedagogical Strategies for Female Students in IT Disciplines to Promote Gender Equality: The Case of Five European Universities
Authors: T. Pereira Elisabeth , Vukičević Ana , Urem Frane , Gomes Diogo 
Published: April 2024

Once Female students in Informatics and Technology (IT) and Computer Science degrees at European higher education institutions, in the 21st century, represent a smaller percentage compared with male students, this paper investigates the main reasons that may explain this fact, as well as presents new pedagogical strategies for female students in IT courses. These strategies derive from understanding stereotypes, perceptions, cultural implications, and propositions for inclusive IT education; and are relevant for supporting IT students’ equality and success. Further, good lecturing in general together with positive reinforcement with students lays a crucial foundation for supporting all students in IT. The present research was developed in five European universities: Croatia, Italy, Slovakia, Poland, and Portugal. Starting from a literature review on the topic was developed a questionnaire that was applied to a sample of IT students in these five universities. The results were analyzed to define some new pedagogical strategies. These allowed us to conclude about the main reasons for the decision of female students to choose to study IT programs and higher education institutions develop pedagogical strategies more adequate and more attractive to female students, as well as to contribute to increased employability and successful integration in the labor market.
The Precarious Existence of Jane Austen’s Charlotte Lucas Across Time and Text
Authors: Baksi Yalcin Olgahan 
Published: April 2024

Rewritings of Jane Austen’s works are produced following particular literary conventions, philosophies, creative imaginations, and interpretations, which present new readers with fresh stories featuring distinct images. The journey of her works across centuries and continents, as well as their presence in such disparate cultures and historical periods, may well attest to the similarities as well as the important differences among various peoples across the world, despite the social, cultural, and ideological differences between countries. In the American author Seth Grahame-Smith’s Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (2009), a mash-up of nineteenth-century author Jane Austen’s still-popular novel, Charlotte Lucas is indisputably in a difficult situation, not only because of the socio-economic realities of her precarious existence in the novel but also because of the zombie bite she receives. Although Charlotte’s decision to marry Mr. Collins is justified, the mash-up version of the novel still turns her into a zombie, as if indicating a punishment for her marriage to Mr. Collins. However, in his movie adaptation, Pride and Prejudice + Zombies (2016), the American director Burr Steers lets Charlotte survive and remain contentedly married to Mr. Collins, although she is still presented as a vulnerable figure without combat skills who needs the protection of both her husband and Lady Catherine de Bourgh. By following Linda Hutcheon’s adaptation theory, particularly the process of “appropriation and salvaging” (2006), this paper aims to explore the representation of Charlotte Lucas in Pride and Prejudice and Zombies and its film adaptation, Pride and Prejudice + Zombies, thereby contributing to the field of adaptation studies with a gender focus.
A DDD-Analysis of Antibiotic Therapy in a Multidisciplinary Hospital During a COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Кенденков О.И. , Гавриленко Л.Н. 
Published: April 2024

Пандемия COVID-19 внесла изменения в потребление антибактериальных препаратов в стационаре в сторону существенного увеличения их натурального количества за счет увеличения разовых дох и количества пациентов, которым данные препараты назначались. Максимальный прирост дала группа резервных антибактериальных препаратов, а именно меропенем, дорипенем, имипенем/циластатин, эртапенем, колистин, а также ванкомицин и тейкопланин. Это связано с указаниями по ведению осложнений COVID-19-инфекции во временных рекомендациях Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь и неизбежным ростом вентилятор-ассоциированных осложнений на фоне тяжелых ковид-инфекций, а также с широким использованием агрессивной антибактериальной терапии. Частое использование резервных антибактериальных препаратов в стационарах во время пандемии COVID-19 вызывает обоснованные опасения касательно глобального влияния на рост устойчивости к антибиотикам. Это подчеркивает необходимость разработки и внедрения стратегий, нацеленных на разумное применение данных препаратов.
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the consumption of antibacterial drugs in the hospital in the direction of a significant increase in their natural quantity due to an increase in single doses and the number of patients, to whom these drugs were prescribed. The maximum increase was given by the group of reserve antibacterial drugs, namely meropenem, doripenem, imipenem/cilastatin, ertapenem, colistin, as well as vancomycin and teicoplanin. This is due to the guidelines on the management of complications of COVID-19 infection in the temporary recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus and the inevitable growth of ventilator-associated complications on the background of severe COVID-19 infection, and as well as with the widespread use of aggressive antibiotic therapy. Frequent use of back-up antibacterial drugs in hospitals during the COVID-19 COVID-19 pandemic raises legitimate concerns about the global impact on the rise of antibiotic resistance. This emphasizes the need to develop and implementation of strategies aimed at the judicious use of these drugs.
Drug-Induced Diseases in Cardiology
Authors: Мацкевич С.А. , Кожанова И.Н. 
Published: April 2024

На сегодняшний день становится весьма актуальной проблема осложнений лекарственной терапии с развитием лекарственно-индуцированных заболеваний. Это обусловлено назначением схем лечения при некоторых заболеваниях на длительный период, а также внедрением в медицинскую практику большого числа лекарственных препаратов, обладающих кардиотоксичностью. В статье приведены данные о наиболее частых лекарственно-индуцированных заболеваниях в кардиологии. Рассмотрены основные механизмы развития кардиотоксичности лекарственных препаратов, факторы риска. Кардиотоксичность представляет собой медицинскую и социально-экономическую проблему, поскольку ослабляет эффективность и безопасность проводимой фармакотерапии, ухудшает прогноз основного заболевания.
The problem of complications of drug therapy with the development of drug-induced diseases is becoming very relevant today. This is due to the prescription of long-time treatment regimens for certain diseases, as well as the introduction into medical practice of a large number of cardiotoxic drugs. The article provides data on the most common drug-induced diseases in cardiology. The main mechanisms of development of cardiotoxicity of drugs and risk factors are considered. Cardiotoxicity is a medical and socio-economic problem, since it weakens the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy and worsens the prognosis of the underlying disease.