bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the interplay between leadership behavior and leader well-being: a person-centered approach
Authors: Wittmers Anja , Klasmeier Kai N. , Thomson Birgit , Maier Günter W. 
Published: March 2024

PurposeDrawing on COR theory and based on a person-centered approach, this study aims to explore profiles of both leadership behavior (transformational leadership, abusive supervision) and well-being indicators (cognitive irritation, emotional exhaustion). Additionally, we consider whether certain resource-draining (work intensification) and resource-creating factors (leader autonomy, psychological contract fulfillment) from the leaders' work context are related to profile membership.Design/methodology/approachThe profiles are built using LPA on data from 153 leaders and their 1,077 followers. The relationship between profile membership and correlates from the leaders' work context is examined using multinomial logistic regression analyses.FindingsLPA results in an interpretable four-profile solution with the profiles named (1) Good health – constructive leading, (2) Average health – inconsistent leading, (3) Impaired health – constructive leading and (4) Impaired health – destructive leading. The two groups with the highest sample share – Profiles 1 and 3 – both show highly constructive leadership behavior but differ significantly in their well-being indicators. The regression analyses show that work intensification and psychological contract fulfillment are significantly related to profile membership.Originality/valueThe person-centered approach provides a more nuanced view of the leadership behavior – leader well-being relationship, which can address inconsistencies in previous research. In terms of practical relevance, the person-centered approach allows for the identification of risk groups among leaders for whom organizations can provide additional resources and health-promoting interventions.
Context dependence of warming‐induced shifts in montane soil microbial functions
Authors: Spinella Sydne , Classen Aimee T. , Sanders Nathan J. , McLaren Jennie R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

High elevation and latitude ecosystems are experiencing high levels of anthropogenic atmospheric warming. Climate warming may directly change soil microbial activity and alter ecosystem carbon dynamics and productivity, but increasing evidence suggests these responses may depend on other biotic factors such as plant community composition and abiotic factors such as moisture.

We examined how abiotic (warming) and biotic (presence of dominant plant species) factors interact to affect soil microbial processes. Our experiment deployed the independent and combined treatments of experimental warming and dominant plant species removal in a high and low elevation montane meadows. We analysed multiple soil microbial responses to warming and the presence of a dominant plant at three times throughout the growing season, including soil respiration, microbial metabolic functional diversity, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and extracellular enzyme potential activity.

Overall, there were few independent microbial responses to either the warming or the removal treatments. There was a significant interaction between warming and the removal of a dominant plant species, where microbial biomass and the activity of some microbial enzymes were lower in warmed plots where the dominant species was removed relative to control plots.

The effect of warming on extracellular enzyme activity was typically observed only at the high‐elevation site. In contrast, we found that effects of warming were consistent across the growing season, despite strong temporal variation in microbial properties.

Our results emphasize the need to further consider soil microbial responses to warming under multiple environments, including shifts in both biotic and abiotic factors, to aid in predictions of carbon dynamics under future global change.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The nexus between tourism and social capital development: The role of institutional quality and globalization
Authors: Song Chunqiao , Ali Qamar , Yaseen Muhammad Rizwan , Iqbal Khan Muhammad Tariq 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study shows the impact of tourism, institutional quality, globalization, renewable energy, foreign direct investment, and income inequality on social capital. This research used data from 120 countries from 1995 to 2019, which were divided into four income groups. This study used Driscoll‐Kraay regression and U‐test for empirical analysis. The U‐shaped curve found between social capital and tourism in high, upper‐middle, and low‐income countries. An inverted U‐shaped link exists between social capital and tourism in lower‐middle‐income countries. Results show a rise in social capital due to a rise in institutional quality (all panels), globalization (high, upper‐middle, and lower‐middle‐income countries), and renewable energy (high, upper‐middle, and lower‐middle‐income countries). The fall in social capital was observed due to a rise in globalization (low‐income countries), renewable energy (low‐income countries), and income inequality (high‐income countries). It is recommended to (a) promote tourism without deteriorating customs, traditions, and institutions; (b) ensure local involvement in the management, coordination, and planning of tourism activities; (c) build personal, generalized, institutionalized, and political trust; (d) globalization; and (e) reduction in income inequality. First, it uses a social capital index having multiple indicators, that is, civil society participation, freedom, power distribution, personal integrity, security, social class equality, and social rights. Second, it uses a comprehensive global tourism index, which is a combination of five tourism‐related variables. Third, it explores the effect of FDI inflow, income inequality, institutional quality, globalization, and renewable energy on social capital.
Surgery is safe and improves survival in extremely old aged patients with breast cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Cheung Alyson , Hung Ka‐wai Ray , Tsoi Yee Kei , Law Sze Hong , Chan Wing Cheong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn 2019, 11% of breast cancers are diagnosed at age 80 or above and this group of older patients constitutes 27% of breast cancer deaths. Previous clinical trials demonstrated comparable survival in older patients given hormonal therapy alone versus standard surgical treatment. However, newer studies showed that surgical treatment in older patients is associated with reduced all‐cause and cancer‐related mortality. Our study aims to compare the survival of older patients with breast cancer who received surgery versus hormonal therapy alone or expectant management, analyse the factors affecting survival and compare the local complication rates.MethodsPatients treated under the New Territories East Cluster breast clinic with breast cancer diagnosed at age 80 or above were included in the study. Patients with metastatic disease were excluded. All medical records on the Hospital Authority Clinical Management System were retrospectively reviewed. Predictors including whether surgery was performed, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, oestrogen receptor (ER) status, T stage, N stage and activities of daily living status were assessed.ResultsSeventy‐eight consecutive patients with breast cancer (median age 85, range 80‐99) from 2004 to 2020 were included. Of these, 39 (50%) received surgery, whereas 39 (50%) did not. Patients who received surgery have a longer survival time (median 113 months vs 62 months; log‐rank test P = .001). Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression model demonstrated that surgery and ER status affect survival. Patients who received surgery also have a lower incidence of local tumour progression and skin ulceration (χ21 = 6.3, P = .012).ConclusionIn older patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer, surgical treatment is associated with a better survival and lower rates of local progression and complications. Surgery is advised even in older patients as long as they are fit for surgery.
Phase III, multicenter, randomized trial of 45 Gy versus 30 Gy thoracic radiation for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC): Study protocol
Authors: Deng Lei , Shayan Gulidanna , Jiang Wei , Bi Nan , Wang Luhua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsolidative thoracic radiotherapy (cTRT) has previously shown benefit to patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) who respond to chemotherapy. However, the optimum dose of cTRT is unknown. The purpose of this randomized trial is to compare the efficacy of 45 Gy in 15 fractions with 30 Gy in 10 fractions cTRT in ES‐SCLC.MethodsThis phase III, multicenter, randomized trial is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of different cTRT dose in ES‐SCLC. Eligible patients with pathologically confirmed ES‐SCLC who responded to 4–6 cycles of etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) or carboplatin (EC) chemotherapy were randomized 1:1 to receive either 30 Gy in 10 fractions (standard dose) or 45 Gy in 15 fractions (high dose) cTRT. The primary endpoint is 2‐year overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints include 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS), 2‐year local control (LC) and treatment related toxicity as measured by adverse events according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0).DiscussionThe present study is the first randomized phase III trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of higher versus lower dose cTRT in ES‐SCLC, providing evidence for future clinical practice in prolonging survival of patients with ES‐SCLC.
Immunoglobulin free light chains in severe asthma patient: Could they be a new biomarker?
Authors: Caruso C. , Ciasca G. , Baglivo I. , Di Santo R. , Gasbarrini A. , Firinu D. , Bagnasco D. , Passalacqua G. , Schiappoli M. , Caminati M. , Canonica G. W. , Heffler E. , Crimi C. , Intravaia R. , Basile V. , Marino M. , Colantuono S. , Del Giacco S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence is available about the presence of increased serum concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig) free light chains (FLCs) in both atopic and non‐atopic inflammatory diseases, including severe asthma, providing a possible new biomarker of disease.MethodsWe analyzed clinical and laboratory data, including FLCs, obtained from a cohort of 79 asthmatic subjects, clinically classified into different GINA steps. A control group of 40 age‐matched healthy donors (HD) was considered. Particularly, HD have been selected according to the absence of monoclonal components (in order to exclude paraproteinemias), were tested for total IgE (that were in the normal ranges) and were negative for aeroallergens specific IgE. Moreover, no abnormality of common inflammatory markers (i.e., erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein) was detectable.ResultsFLC‐k levels were significantly increased in the asthmatic population, compared to the control group. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in FLC‐λ levels, the FLC‐k/FLC‐λ ratio displayed remarkable differences between the two groups. A positive correlation between FLC‐κ and FLC‐λ levels was found. FLC‐ λ level displayed a significant negative correlation with the FEV1 value. Moreover, the FLC‐κ /FLC‐ λ ratio was negatively correlated with the SNOT‐22 score and a positive correlation was observed between FLCs and Staphylococcus Aureus IgE enterotoxins sensitization.ConclusionsOur findings confirmed the role of FLCs in asthma as a potential biomarker in an inflammatory disease characterized by different endotypes and phenotypes. In particular, FLC‐κ and FLC‐k/FLC‐λ ratio could be a qualitative indicator for asthma, while FLC‐λ levels could be a quantitative indicator for clinical severity parameters.
Perineuronal nets as regulators of parvalbumin interneuron function: Factors implicated in their formation and degradation
Authors: Santos‐Silva Thamyris , Colodete Debora A. E. , Lisboa João Roberto Fernandes , Silva Freitas Ícaro , Lopes Caio Fábio Baeta , Hadera Victor , Lima Thaís Santos Almeida , Souza Adriana Jesus , Gomes Felipe V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe brain extracellular matrix (ECM) has garnered increasing attention as a fundamental component of brain function in a predominantly “neuron‐centric” paradigm. Particularly, the perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized net‐like structure formed by ECM aggregates, play significant roles in brain development and physiology. PNNs enwrap synaptic junctions in various brain regions, precisely balancing new synaptic formation and long‐term stabilization, and are highly dynamic entities that change in response to environmental stimuli, especially during the neurodevelopmental period. They are found mainly surrounding parvalbumin (PV)‐expressing GABAergic interneurons, being proposed to promote PV interneuron maturation and protect them against oxidative stress and neurotoxic agents. This structural and functional proximity underscores the crucial role of PNNs in modulating PV interneuron function, which is critical for the excitatory/inhibitory balance and, consequently, higher‐level behaviours. This review delves into the molecular underpinnings governing PNNs formation and degradation, elucidating their functional interactions with PV interneurons. In the broader physiological context and brain‐related disorders, we also explore their intricate relationship with other molecules, such as reactive oxygen species and metalloproteinases, as well as glial cells. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for modulating PNNs in brain disorders.
Additional Cover
Authors: Choi Nahyun , Hwang Juyeong , Kim Doo Yeong , Kim Jino , Song Seung Yong , Sung Jong‐Hyuk 
Published: March 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article Involvement of DKK1 secreted from adipose‐derived stem cells in alopecia areata by Nahyun Choi et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13562.
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Borolatonin limits cognitive deficit and neuron loss while increasing proBDNF in ovariectomised rats
Authors: Barrón‐González Mónica , Rivera‐Antonio Astrid M. , Jarillo‐Luna Rosa A. , Santiago‐Quintana José M. , Levaro‐Loquio David , Pérez‐Capistran Teresa , Guerra‐Araiza Christian H. , Soriano‐Ursúa Marvin A. , Farfán‐García Eunice D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBorolatonin is a potential therapeutic agent for some neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its administration exerts ameliorative effects such as those induced by the equimolar administration of melatonin in behavioral tests on male rats and in neuronal immunohistochemistry assays.ObjectiveIn this study, motivated by sex differences in neurobiology and the incidence of AD, the ability of borolatonin to induce changes in female rats was assessed.MethodsEffects of borolatonin were measured by the evaluation of both behavioral and immunohistopathologic approaches; additionally, its ability to limit amyloid toxicity was determined in vitro.ResultsSurprisingly, behavioral changes were similar to those reported in male rats, but not those evaluated by immunoassays regarding neuronal survival; while pro‐brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity and the limitation of toxicity by amyloid in vitro were observed for the first time.ConclusionBorolatonin administration induced changes in female rats. Differences induced by the administration of borolatonin or melatonin could be related to the differences in the production of steroid hormones in sex dependence. Further studies are required to clarify the possible mechanism and origin of differences in disturbed memory caused by the gonadectomy procedure between male and female rats.
Multi‐disciplinary diabetic limb salvage programme in octogenarians with diabetic foot ulcers is not futile: An observational study with historical controls
Authors: Ge Lixia , Zhao Jiashen , Tan Matthew , Tan Elaine , Liew Huiling , Yong Enming , Hoe Jeremy , Shi Claris , Chan Dexter Yak Seng , Ang Gary Yee , Molina Joseph Antonio , Sun Yan , Hoi Wai Han , Chandraskear Sadhana , Lo Zhiwen Joseph 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the effectiveness of a multi‐disciplinary diabetic limb salvage programme in improving clinical outcomes and optimising healthcare utilisation in 406 patients aged ≥80 years with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), compared to 2392 younger patients enrolled from June 2020 to June 2021 and against 1716 historical controls using one‐to‐one propensity score matching. Results showed that elderly programme patients had lower odds of amputation‐free survival (odds ratio: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.88) and shorter cumulative length of stay (LOS) compared to younger programme patients (incidence rate ratio: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.69). Compared to the matched controls, participating in the programme was associated with 5% higher probability of minor lower extremity amputation, reduced inpatient admissions and emergency visits, shorter LOS but increased specialist and primary care visits (all p‐values <0.05). The findings suggest that the programme yielded favourable impacts on the clinical outcomes of patients aged≥80 years with DFUs. Further research is needed to develop specific interventions tailoring to the needs of the elderly population and to determine their effectiveness on patient outcomes while accounting for potential confounding factors.
Periodontitis is associated with decreased experimental pressure pain tolerance: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016
Authors: Hadler‐Olsen Elin , Petrenya Natalia , Jönsson Birgitta , Steingrímsdóttir Ólöf Anna , Stubhaug Audun , Nielsen Christopher Sivert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the relationship between periodontitis and experimental pain tolerance.Materials and MethodsParticipants from the population‐based seventh survey of the Tromsø Study with data on periodontitis were included (n = 3666, 40–84 years old, 51.6% women). Pain tolerance was assessed through (i) pressure pain tolerance (PPT) test with a computerized cuff pressure algometry on the leg, and (ii) cold‐pressor tolerance (CPT) test where one hand was placed in circulating 3°C water. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the association between periodontitis and pain tolerance adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking and obesity.ResultsIn the fully adjusted model using the 2012 Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodntology case definitions for surveillance of periodontitis, moderate (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.18) and severe (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.42) periodontitis were associated with decreased PPT. Using the 2018 classification of periodontitis, having Stage II/III/IV periodontitis was significantly associated with decreased PPT (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18) compared with having no or stage I periodontitis. There were no significant associations between periodontitis and CPT in fully adjusted models.ConclusionsModerate and severe periodontitis was associated with experimental PPT.
Molecular characterization of virulence and resistance genes in Salmonella strains isolated from chickens sold at the informal chicken market in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Mokgophi Thelma M. , Gcebe Nomakorinte , Fasina Folorunso , Adesiyun Abiodun A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study determined the occurrence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella strains recovered from chicken obtained from informal markets in Gauteng province, South Africa. The study also assessed the relationship between these characteristics, the source, the type of samples, and the serotypes of Salmonella isolates. A total of 151 samples (cloacal swabs, chicken carcasses, and carcass drips) were randomly collected from 47 informal market outlets in six townships in Gauteng province. Salmonella spp. was isolated and identified based on ISO 6579:2002 methods and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting invA gene fragment. Conventional PCR was used to detect 12 virulence and 18 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Salmonella spp. The most frequently detected virulence genes were invA (100%), shdA (91%), mgtB (87.7%), and sopE (81%), but considerably low for spvC (2.2%), sefC (1.5%), and pefC (0.4%). The differences in detection frequency were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Tetracycline‐resistant genes tetA (34.7%) and tetB (16%) were the most frequently detected, while Beta‐lactam‐resistant genes blaTEM (0.4%), blaCMY‐2 (0.4%) and quinolones resistant gene qnrS (0.4%) were detected in low frequency (p < 0.05). The locations of the outlets and the types of samples were significantly associated with detecting some virulence and AMR genes. Significant but moderately to substantial positive correlations were observed for qnrS, sul2; shdA, and mgtB genes. The pipA and spiC were, however, substantially negatively correlated. Our findings show that detecting these virulence and AMR genes in Salmonella isolates serves as a potential health hazard to the public, environment, and poultry farming in Gauteng, South Africa.
Caregiver‐reported use of physical restraints among community‐dwelling older adults with severe dementia in Singapore
Authors: Andres Ellie Bostwick , Chaudhry Isha , Balasubramanian Ishwarya , Poco Louisa , Malhotra Chetna ,   the PISCES study group
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults with severe dementia are at increased risk of being physically restrained in nursing homes and acute care settings, but little is known about restraint use among those cared for at home. This study explores caregiver‐reported use of restraints among community‐dwelling older adults with severe dementia.MethodsUsing cross‐sectional data from 215 family caregivers, we describe restraint use among older adults with severe dementia living at home. We then use multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with restraint use.ResultsNearly half (47%) of caregivers reported on older adults who had been subject to restraints. Most caregivers reporting restraint use suggested safety reasons, such as prevention of falls (68%), wandering (30%), and removal of catheters or feeding tubes (29%); and 44% indicated doctors or other health care providers were involved in the decision to restrain. Feeding tubes (OR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.27–13.59) and physically aggressive agitation behaviors (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.09–3.40) were associated with higher odds of restraint use among older adults with severe dementia. Caregivers who received strong emotional support from friends (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21–0.95) were less likely to report restraint use while serving as a caregiver to others (OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.36–5.63) increased the odds of restraint use.ConclusionsThe pervasiveness of restraint use is concerning and suggests a lack of evidence‐based guidance and support for both caregivers and healthcare providers to prevent restraint use among older adults with severe dementia cared for at home.
In search of key performance indicators of regional competitiveness in the European Union
Authors: Borsekova Kamila , Korony Samuel , Lawson Colin W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates key performance indicators (KPIs) affecting regional competitiveness in the European Union (EU) and compares its performance across two groups of EU regions identified by their development phase based on the path dependence argument. Utilizing 40 indicators from the Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) across 268 NUTS2 regions, it identifies five critical KPIs: Knowledge workers, Employment rate, Labor productivity, Potential market size, and not in education, employment, or training. The classification and regression tree decision tree reveals the labor market efficiency pillar as crucial for RCI classification. Offering unique insights into RCI indicators and their impact, this research provides a policy‐oriented perspective and suggests avenues for further comparative research.