bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scopoletin is biosynthesized viaortho‐hydroxylation of feruloyl CoA by a 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kai Kosuke , Mizutani Masaharu , Kawamura Naohiro , Yamamoto Ryotaro , Tamai Michiko , Yamaguchi Hikaru , Sakata Kanzo , Shimizu Bun‐ichi 
Published: June 2008

SummaryCoumarins are derived via the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants. The 2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one core structure of coumarins is formed via theortho‐hydroxylation of cinnamates,trans/cisisomerization of the side chain, and lactonization.Ortho‐hydroxylation is a key step in coumarin biosynthesis as a branch point from lignin biosynthesis; however,ortho‐hydroxylation of cinnamates is not yet fully understood. In this study, scopoletin biosynthesis was explored usingArabidopsis thaliana, which accumulates scopoletin and its β‐glucopyranoside scopolin in its roots. T‐DNA insertion mutants of caffeoyl CoAO‐methyltransferase 1 (CCoAOMT1) showed significant reduction in scopoletin and scopolin levels in the roots, and recombinant CCoAOMT1 exhibited 3′‐O‐methyltransferase activity on caffeoyl CoA to feruloyl CoA. These results suggest that feruloyl CoA is a key precursor in scopoletin biosynthesis.Ortho‐hydroxylases of cinnamates were explored in the oxygenase families inA. thaliana, and one of the candidate genes in the Fe(II)‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) family was designated as F6′H1. T‐DNA insertion mutants ofF6′H1showed severe reductions in scopoletin and scopolin levels in the roots. The pattern ofF6′H1expression is consistent with the patterns of scopoletin and scopolin accumulation. The recombinant F6′H1 protein exhibitedortho‐hydroxylase activity for feruloyl CoA (Km = 36.0 ± 4.27 μm;kcat = 11.0 ± 0.45 sec−1) to form 6′‐hydroxyferuloyl CoA, but did not hydroxylate ferulic acid. These results indicate that Fe(II)‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase is the pivotal enzyme in theortho‐hydroxylation of feruloyl CoA in scopoletin biosynthesis.
Autophagy regulated by day length determines the number of fertile florets in wheat
Authors: Ghiglione Hernán O. , Gonzalez Fernanda G. , Serrago Román , Maldonado Sara B. , Chilcott Charles , Curá José A. , Miralles Daniel J. , Zhu Tong , Casal Jorge J. 
Published: June 2008

SummaryThe wheat spikelet meristem differentiates into up to 12 floret primordia, but many of them fail to reach the fertile floret stage at anthesis. We combined microarray, biochemical and anatomical studies to investigate floret development in wheat plants grown in the field under short or long days (short days extended with low‐fluence light) after all the spikelets had already differentiated. Long days accelerated spike and floret development and greening, and the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, photoprotection and carbohydrate metabolism. These changes started while the spike was in the light‐depleted environment created by the surrounding leaf sheaths. Cell division ceased in the tissues of distal florets, which interrupted their normal developmental progression and initiated autophagy, thus decreasing the number of fertile florets at anthesis. A massive decrease in the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, a decrease in soluble carbohydrate levels, and an increase in the expression of genes involved in programmed cell death accompanied anatomical signs of cell death, and these effects were stronger under long days. We propose a model in which developmentally generated sugar starvation triggers floret autophagy, and long days intensify these processes due to the increased carbohydrate consumption caused by the accelerated plant development.
A very strict guideline reduces the number of erythrocyte transfusions in preterm infants
Authors: Mimica A. F. M. A. , Dos Santos A. M. N. , Da Cunha D. H. F. , Guinsburg R. , Bordin J. O. , Chiba A. , Barros M. M. O. , Kopelman B. I. 
Published: June 2008

Background and Objectives  Benefits of adopting restrictive guidelines for erythrocyte transfusions are still controversial. The objective of this study was to verify if a very strict guideline could reduce erythrocyte transfusions in preterm infants without adverse outcomes.Materials and Methods  Two prospective cohorts of neonates with gestational age < 37 weeks and birth weight < 1500 g were studied. Neonates born in Period 1 were submitted to a strict guideline for erythrocyte transfusions. In Period 2, a new stricter protocol was introduced. Infants of both periods were compared regarding number of transfusions and clinical outcome.Results  The median number of transfusions decreased from 2 (1 to 14) in Period 1 to 1 (1–9), P = 0·001, in Period 2. The linear regression multivariate analysis showed that the implementation of the stricter guideline was associated with a reduction in the number of transfusions received by patients by 0·55 (95% confidence interval: –0·08; –1·02) units/patients. Number of apnea episodes, weight at 28 days of life and days of hospital stay were similar in both periods. Intra‐hospital death was lower in Period 2.Conclusion  A very strict guideline reduced the number of erythrocyte transfusions in preterm infants, without threatening their clinical course.
Mediterranean commercial sponges: over 5000 years of natural history and cultural heritage
Authors: Pronzato Roberto , Manconi Renata 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the history of the exploitation of a natural resource made up of various types of Mediterranean horny sponges. It also provides an update on trends in the trade of these sponges. The distribution and taxonomic status of Mediterranean species of commercial interest belonging to the genera Spongia and Hippospongia are reported upon and partly emended by (i) the selection of neotypes for Spongia mollissima, Hippospongia communis, and Spongia agaricina from the Indo‐Pacific Ocean versus the Mediterranean Spongia lamella, and (ii) the discussion regarding the problematic status of Spongia zimocca. Attention is also focused upon species that have been of recent commercial interest as sources of metabolites with biomedical potential, such as Dysidea avara, which is considered endangered due to a pressing demand for the industrial extraction of chemicals it produces (e.g. Avarol). The wild harvesting of new target sponges is also discussed, together with a proposal for a rational, sustainable, long‐term strategy for Mediterranean sponge management. Sponge culture in situ is suggested as a useful approach that may allow eco‐compatible management and conservation of this natural resource.
An analysis of sponge diversity and distribution at three taxonomic levels in the Thousand Islands/Jakarta Bay reef complex, West‐Java, Indonesia
Authors: De Voogd Nicole J. , Cleary Daniel F. R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractVery few coral reefs are located close enough to large cities to study the influence of large urban populations on reef assemblages. An exception is the Thousand Islands reef complex to the north of Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, and one of the largest conurbations in the world. Here we present data from a detailed survey where sponge assemblages were assessed at 30 patch reefs associated with islands in three coastal zones along an in‐to‐offshore gradient. Sponge assemblages are described at three taxonomic levels of detail (species, genus and family level). We recorded a total of 118 sponge species, 64 genera and 36 families, Aaptos suberitoides (Brønsted, 1934), Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti (Vosmaer, 1880), Petrosia (Petrosia) nigricans (Lindgren, 1897) and Xestospongia testudinaria (Lamarck, 1813) were the most common species overall. There was a pronounced difference in composition among zones with the most distinct difference between the inshore zone and the other two zones. The inshore environment was characterised by very high turbidity and low live coral cover; the dominant substrate consisted of algal turf and sand. Environmental conditions improved and sponge diversity increased further offshore, although most areas appeared to have been affected by some form of disturbance. Ordinations were also largely congruent, at species, generic and family levels of taxonomic resolution. This indicates that variation in composition at higher taxonomic levels is a good indicator of variation at lower taxonomic levels, at least when there is a pronounced environmental gradient.
Sponges boring into precious corals: an overview with description of a new species of Alectona (Demospongiae, Alectonidae) and a worldwide identification key for the genus
Authors: Calcinai Barbara , Cerrano Carlo , Iwasaki Nozomu , Bavestrello Giorgio 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPrecious corals represent peculiar substrata for several species of boring sponges that exploit their carbonatic scleraxis, strongly decreasing their commercial value. Here we describe a new species of the genus Alectona from Japan recorded in a colony of Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903). The spicular complement of the new species consists of diactinal spicules covered by mushroom‐like tubercles, often modified into styloid forms, and fusiform amphiasters with two or sometimes four verticils, each generally made up of six short tubercled rays. A complete survey of the literature on boring sponges recorded in precious corals in the Mediterranean Sea and Pacific Ocean indicates that the species of the family Alectonidae are the most strictly associated to this kind of substratum. Their world distribution, in fact, partially or totally overlap that of their coral hosts.
Ovarian Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumor with heterologous gastrointestinal epithelium as a source of alpha‐fetoprotein: A case report
Authors: Watanabe Takafumi , Yamada Hidekazu , Morimura Yutaka , Abe Masafumi , Motoyama Teiichi , Sato Akira 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOvarian Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are rare sex cord stromal neoplasms. To date there have been approximately 25 case reports of ovarian SLCT expressing alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP). In such cases, AFP was immunohistochemically detected in the Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, or hepatocytes. This case report confirms heterologous gastrointestinal epithelium expression of AFP. A 20‐year‐old woman presented with complaints of abdominal enlargement and irregular menstrual cycles over one year. A right ovarian tumor was detected and the patient's serum AFP was elevated. A right salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. On microscopic examination, the tumor was composed of a fibrosarcoma‐like area and a poorly differentiated SLCT area with heterologous gastrointestinal epithelium. Immunohistochemical analysis detected AFP in the gastrointestinal epithelium only. Postoperatively, serum AFP levels fell to normal. A recurrent tumor was discovered in the omentum after adjuvant chemotherapy, but serum AFP remained normal. A second laparotomy was performed and the recurrent tumor showed only fibrosarcoma‐like features. The patient received second line chemotherapy and is currently in remission. This is the first case of AFP production by heterologous gastrointestinal epithelium in SLCT.
Stroke in pregnancy associated with syphilis
Authors: Bowring Julie , Mahto Mrinalini , Mandal Debashis , Baker Philip N. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe Incidence of Syphilis has increased in developed countries over recent years. This potentially could lead to a rise in the number of cases presenting in obstetrics and a resurgence of congenital syphilis. Syphilis is a treatable condition, screening in pregnancy is both cost effective and cost beneficial. We describe a rare presentation of syphilis in a young woman in early pregnancy. The patient presented with a stroke, at which time her partner was diagnosed with early latent syphilis. Her findings were thought to be consistent with meningovascular syphilis and treatment lead to resolution of her symptoms. Antenatal screening for syphilis is offered to all women in the UK. Changing migration patterns and high‐risk behavior however, may cause cases to go undetected. Vigilant screening for syphilis is needed in pregnancy as prompt diagnosis and management will aim to cure the mother whilst preventing the adverse effects associated with congenital syphilis.
Targeted mutation of the calbindin D28K gene disrupts circadian rhythmicity and entrainment
Authors: Kriegsfeld Lance J. , Mei Dan Feng , Yan Lily , Witkovsky Paul , LeSauter Joseph , Hamada Toshiyuki , Silver Rae 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the principal circadian pacemaker in mammals. A salient feature of the SCN is that cells of a particular phenotype are topographically organized; this organization defines functionally distinct subregions that interact to generate coherent rhythmicity. In Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), a dense population of directly retinorecipient calbindin D28K (CalB) neurons in the caudal SCN marks a subregion critical for circadian rhythmicity. In mouse SCN, a dense cluster of CalB neurons occurs during early postnatal development, but in the adult CalB neurons are dispersed through the SCN. In the adult retina CalB colocalizes with melanopsin‐expressing ganglion cells. In the present study, we explored the role of CalB in modulating circadian function and photic entrainment by investigating mice with a targeted mutation of the CalB gene (CalB−/− mice). In constant darkness (DD), CalB−/− animals either become arrhythmic (40%) or exhibit low‐amplitude locomotor rhythms with marked activity during subjective day (60%). Rhythmic clock gene expression is blunted in these latter animals. Importantly, CalB−/− mice exhibit anomalies in entrainment revealed following transfer from a light : dark cycle to DD. Paradoxically, responses to acute light pulses measured by behavioral phase shifts, SCN FOS protein and Period1 mRNA expression are normal. Together, the developmental pattern of CalB expression in mouse SCN, the presence of CalB in photoresponsive ganglion cells and the abnormalities seen in CalB−/− mice suggest an important role for CalB in mouse circadian function.
Behavioral relevance of gamma‐band activity for short‐term memory‐based auditory decision‐making
Authors: Kaiser Jochen , Heidegger Tonio , Lutzenberger Werner 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOscillatory activity in the gamma‐band range has been established as a correlate of cognitive processes, including perception, attention and memory. Only a few studies, however, have provided evidence for an association between gamma‐band activity (GBA) and measures of behavioral performance. Here we focused on the comparison between sample and test stimuli S1 and S2 during an auditory spatial short‐term memory task. Applying statistical probability mapping to magnetoencephalographic recordings from 28 human subjects, we identified GBA components distinguishing nonidentical from identical S1–S2 pairs. This activity was found at frequencies between 65 and 90 Hz and was localized over posterior cortical regions contralateral to the hemifield in which the stimuli were presented. The 10 best task performers showed higher amplitudes of this GBA component than the 10 worst performers. This group difference was most pronounced between about 150 and 300 ms after stimulus onset. Apparently the decision about whether test stimuli matched the stored representation of previously presented sample sounds relied partly on the oscillatory activation of networks representing differences between both stimuli. This result could be replicated by reanalyzing the combined data from two previous studies assessing short‐term memory for sound duration and sound lateralization, respectively. Similarly to our main study, GBA amplitudes to nonmatching vs. matching S1–S2 pairs were higher in good performers than poor performers. The present findings demonstrate the behavioral relevance of GBA.
Internal jugular vein diameter in pediatric patients: are the J‐shaped guidewire diameters bigger than internal jugular vein? An evaluation with ultrasound
Authors: SAYIN MURAT M. , MERCAN ARZU , KONER OZGE , TURE HATICE , CELEBI SUHEDA , SOZUBIR SELAMI , AYKAC BORA 
Published: June 2008

SummaryAim:  This study investigates whether the diameters of right internal jugular vein (RIJV) are suitable for the use of ‘big radius curved J‐tip’ Seldinger wires in pediatric patients.Methods:  One‐hundred and thirty‐five children, 1 month to 15 years of age, scheduled for pediatric surgery were divided into four subgroups according to their age (0–12 months, 1–2 years, 2–6 years old, and >6 years). Patients in the 0–12 months group were further divided into two groups as 0–6 months and 7–12 months of age to evaluate RIJV characteristics in detail. Following anesthesia induction, depth, diameter, and area of RIJV were measured with ultrasound at the level of cricoid cartilage and sterno‐clavicular junction in supine and Trendelenburg position.Results:  Infants in the 0–6 months of age group had the least mean diameter of RIJV at both the cricoid cartilage and the sternoclavicular junction level (0.484 ± 0.132 and 0.499 ± 0.136 cm). The aforementioned diameter was significantly lower than the values of other age groups (P < 0.05). Trendelenburg position did not increase RIJV diameter in children below 6 and cross‐sectional area below 2 years old. Correlations between age, height, weight, head circumference and RIJV diameter, cross‐sectional area, depth from the skin were weak.Conclusion:  The diameter of the IJV in pediatric patients, especially infants, is often smaller than the diameter of the J‐tip guidewire curve. We speculate that this may lead to impeded guidewires and failed cannulation. It must also be kept in mind that the Trendelenberg position might not facilitate IJV cannulation in children <2 years of age.
Measuring circulating blood volume in newborn infants using pulse dye densitometry and indocyanine green
Authors: ALADANGADY NARENDRA , LEUNG TERENCE , COSTELOE KATE , DELPY DAVID 
Published: June 2008

SummaryBackground:  Circulating blood volume (BV) is an important, but often unconsidered, variable in newborn infants undergoing intensive care. The data on validation and repeatability of BV measurement are limited.Aim:  To validate and test the repeatability of measuring BV in newborn infants using indocyanine green (ICG) and pulse dye densitometry (PDD).Methods:  Validation– Paired measurements of BV were made using the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) dilution and the PDD method. Repeatability– The BV was measured twice at an interval of 30–40 min in a second group of infants.Results:  Validation– Data from three of 13 infants studied were excluded because of probe dislodgement or ICG injection error. The median (range) birth weight of the 10 infants whose data were analyzed was 1032 g (740–2384 g) and seven (70%) were receiving either mechanical ventilation or nasal CPAP. The median BV measured by HbF dilution was 66.2 ml·kg−1 (43.7–81.0 ml·kg−1) and by the PDD method was 68.9 ml·kg−1 (49.3–101.0 ml·kg−1). The mean difference was 5.92 ml·kg−1 (sd 17.33 ml·kg−1). Repeatability– Twelve infants were studied and three excluded because of probe dislodgement/motion artifact or ICG injection error. The median weight of the nine infants whose data were analyzed was 1208 g (795–2600 g). The median (range) BV1 and BV2 were 70.5 ml·kg−1 (53.1–160 ml·kg−1) and 87.5 ml·kg−1 (38.0–248.0 ml·kg−1), respectively. Mean difference of the two BV estimates (BV1–BV2) was −24.6 ml·kg−1 (sd 33.3 ml·kg−1) and coefficient of repeatability was 66.5 ml·kg−1.Conclusion:  Pulse dye densitometry can be used to measure BV in the newborn infant at the cotside but the repeatability measurements suggest that its use is limited.
AtCDKA;1 silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana reduces reproduction of sedentary plant‐parasitic nematodes
Authors: Van de Cappelle Elke , Plovie Eva , Kyndt Tina , Grunewald Wim , Cannoot Bernard , Gheysen Godelieve 
Published: June 2008

SummaryThe activity of the Arabidopsis thaliana cyclin‐dependent kinase AtCDKA;1 is important throughout G1/S and G2/M transitions and guarantees the progression of the cell cycle. Inhibitor studies have shown that activation of the cell cycle is important for the development of nematode feeding sites. The aim of this study was to silence the expression of the AtCDKA;1 gene in nematode feeding sites to interfere with their development. Therefore, sense and antisense constructs were made for the AtCDKA;1 gene and fused to a nematode‐inducible promoter which was activated in nematode feeding sites at an earlier time point than AtCDKA;1. Two transgenic A. thaliana lines (S266 and S306) containing inverted repeats of the AtCDKA;1 gene and with reduced AtCDKA;1 expression in seedlings and galls were analysed in more detail. When the lines were infected with the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, significantly fewer galls and egg masses developed on the roots of the transgenic than wild‐type plants. Infection of the AtCDKA;1‐silenced lines with Heterodera schachtii resulted in significantly fewer cysts compared with controls. The S266 and S306 lines showed no phenotypic aberrations in root morphology, and analysis at different time points after infection demonstrated that the number of penetrating nematodes was the same, but fewer nematodes developed to maturity in the silenced lines. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that silencing of CDKA;1 can be used as a strategy to produce transgenic plants less susceptible to plant‐parasitic nematodes.
PRNP 1368 polymorphism is not associated with sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease in the Korean population
Authors: Jeong B.‐H. , Lee K.‐H. , Lee Y.‐J. , Kim Y.‐H. , Cho Y.‐S. , Carp R. I. , Kim Y.‐S. 
Published: June 2008

Background:  Human prion protein gene (PRNP) is considered a critical and fundamental gene in determining the incidence of human prion diseases. Codons 129 and 219 play an important role in the susceptibility to sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD). An association between sporadic CJD and the polymorphism (PRNP 1368) in an upstream of PRNP exon 1 has been reported in the British and German populations, but study in the Dutch population has failed to confirm an association.Purpose:  To investigate whether the PRNP 1368 polymorphism is associated with sporadic CJD in the Korean population.Methods:  We compared the genotype and allele frequencies of PRNP 1368 polymorphism in 171 sporadic CJD patients with those in 212 healthy Koreans.Result and conclusion:  A significant difference of genotype and allele frequencies at PRNP 1368 was found between the normal Korean population and various European populations. In contrast to the results in the British and German populations, our study does not show a significant difference in genotype (P = 0.2763) and allele (P = 0.3750) frequencies of PRNP 1368 between sporadic CJD and normal controls.
On Metre in the Rondo of Brahms’s Op. 25
Authors: MURPHY SCOTT 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThe rondo from Brahms's Piano Quartet Op. 25 projects a number of different metres which may be organised into various metric spaces modelled on those of David Lewin and Richard Cohn. Although this organisation does not yield the multiple pitch‐time analogical mappings proposed by Lewin and Cohn, it may be fruitfully applied to many works of Brahms and other composers. I argue that a movement's centrally located metre (the work's ‘logical’ metric tonic) tends also to be its primary metre (the work's ‘rhetorical’ metric tonic), and outline a new method for hearing contiguities in certain metric spaces. I conclude by designing a metric space tailored for the metres of the Op. 25 rondo, in which the refrain's ‘tonic’ metre is centrally located in three dimensions.