bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover Image, Volume 141, Issue 13
Authors: Liang Shuting , Li Fengjiao , Xie Shunbi , Chen JianYang , Jiang Dabo , Qu Xi , Zhang Haifeng 
Published: February 2024

Created by Shuting Liang, the cover image shows electricity‐generating insoles that are composed of silicone holes filled with liquid metal. The movement of the human foot generates electricity. With a friction area of 18.75 cm2, a maximum output voltage of 221 mV is obtained. LM‐TENG could be used in various fields to convert human mechanical energy into electricity and continue to provide clean energy for wearable electronic devices. DOI: 10.1002/app.55092image
Chemical Variability and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Leaf Essential Oil from Algerian Sahara
Authors: Bekhechi Ahlem , Malti Charaf Eddine Watheq , Babali Brahim , Bouafia Miloud , Bekhechi Chahrazed , Casanova Joseph , Paoli Mathieu , Tomi Félix 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe chemical composition of 71 oil samples from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L., harvested in three provinces: Naâma (Western Algeria), Béchar and Adrar (Algerian Sahara), was investigated by GC‐FID, GC/MS and 13CNMR. In total, 52 compounds were identified accounting for 88.8 % to 99.9 % of the total composition. The chemical composition of the oils was largely dominated by monoterpenes, with 1,8‐cineole (9.7–70.2 %), camphor (0.3–31.0 %) being the major compounds followed by borneol (0.3–21.0 %), α‐pinene (4.5–14.5 %), β‐pinene (0.1–12.0 %), linalool (0.7–9.9 %) and verbenone (up to 11.1 %) which was present only in the samples harvested in Adrar. All compositions (71 samples) were submitted to statistical analysis. Combination of hierarchical clustering dendrogram and principal component analysis suggested the existence of three groups (one of these being subdivided into two sub‐groups) which were distinguished on the basis of 1,8‐cineole, camphor and verbenone contents. Four essential oil samples, containing 1,8‐cineole and/or camphor as main components, exhibited anti‐inflammatory activity against lipoxygenase, with IC50 values in the range 93 to 155 μg/mL.
Controllable Construction of Vinyl Sulfones and β‐Keto Selenosulfones via Selective Oxidative Sulfonylation of Alkenes
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhang Yuan , Zheng Yi , Huang Changfeng , Cao Hua 
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe selective oxidative sulfonylation of alkenes with selenium sulfonate depended on the reaction conditions. The electrochemical C—H sulfonylation proceeded smoothly to afford (E)‐vinyl sulfones with good selectivity in an undivided cell without external oxidant. While aerobic trifunctionalization of alkenes occurred in the presence of KI in the air, which provides β‐keto selenosulfones via the formation of C—O, C—S, and C—Se bonds in one‐pot. Following control experiments, a plausible mechanism is proposed to rationalize the experimental results.
A General Model of Impact Sensitivity for Nitrogen‐Rich Energetic Materials: A Combined Incremental Theory and Genetic Function Approximation Study
Authors: Zhang Zhixiang , Ma Yiding , Chen Chao , Bondarchuk Sergey V. , Liu Yingzhe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we report the first example of impact sensitivity prediction based on the genetic function approximation (GFA) as a regression method. The prediction is applicable for a wide variety of chemical families, which include nitro compounds, peroxides, nitrogen‐rich salts, heterocycles, etc. Within this work, we have obtained 7 empirical models (with 27–32 basis functions), which all provide 0.80≤R2≤0.83 and 7.2 J≤RMSE≤7.8 J (for 450 training set compounds) and 0.64≤R2≤0.70 and 11.2 J≤RMSE≤12.4 J (for 170 test set compounds). The models were developed using Friedman Lack‐of‐Fit as a scoring function, which allows avoiding an overfitting. All the models have simple descriptors as basis functions and include linear splines. Furthermore, the applied descriptors do not require expensive calculation procedures, namely, non‐empirical quantum‐chemical calculations, complex iterative procedures, real space electron density analysis, etc. Most descriptors are based on structural and topological analysis and a part of them require very cheap semi‐empirical PM6 calculations. The prediction takes a few minutes as an average, and most of the time is for the structure preparation and manual calculation of the descriptor “Increment”, which is based on our recent incremental theory.
Large‐scale hybrid test of a curved bridge considering complete boundary condition by a large spatial loading system
Authors: Tian Yingpeng , Chen Jie , Du Chunbo , Xu Dan , Zhou Huimeng , Sun Zhiguo , Li Quanwang , Wang Dongsheng , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSmall‐radius curved bridges are mostly used for overpass ramps, that are spatially irregular and usually have very complex seismic behavior. It is not easy to reproduce such behavior because of the need for large‐scale shaking tables. The hybrid test is one of the most effective approaches for solving this problem by considering the structural elements of interest as physically tested substructure while the rest is numerically simulated. In this paper, a hybrid test system was first developed based on the OpenFresco framework, where one of the piers was considered as the tested substructure, and the rest was simulated by OpenSees. A novel spatial loading device (SLD), configured as the Stewart pattern, was then developed to achieve the boundary conditions between substructures. The control schemes to perform the force‐displacement mixed control, conduct the geometric transformation while considering the load point offset, and achieve an external displacement control were proposed and validated through several rounds of hybrid testing. The experimental results indicate that the experimental system including loading control subsystem and hybrid control subsystem can realize the loading command accurately.
Neuroscience and Society: Supporting and Unsettling Public Engagement
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvancing neuroscience is one of many topics that pose a challenge often called “the alignment problem”—the challenge, that is, of assuring that science policy is responsive to and in some sense squares with the public's values. This issue of the Hastings Center Report launches a series of scholarly essays and articles on the ethical and social issues raised by this vast body of medical research and bench science. The series, which will run under the banner “Neuroscience and Society,” is supported by the Dana Foundation and seeks to promote deliberative public engagement, broadly understood, about neuroscience. As a social goal, deliberative public engagement is both ubiquitous and elusive—called for everywhere yet difficult to undertake at a national level on a complex scientific topic. To be meaningful, deliberative public engagement must occur in many locations in a society and be carried forward by many actors. Scholarly writing might contribute in several ways.
Normal Serum Indices of Bone Collagen Biosynthesis and Degradation in Small for Gestational Age Infants
Authors: Namgung Ran , Tsang Reginald C. , Sierra Rosa I. , Ho Mona L. 
Published: February 2024

SummarySerum carboxyterminal propetide of type I procollagen (PICP) and cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopetide of type I collagen (ICTP), new markers of bone collagen type I biosynthesis and degradation, have not been studied in small for gestational age (SGA) infants. In an earlier study, we found a lower bone mineral content (BMC) and decreased serum osteocalcin in SGA than in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants, supporting the thesis that decreased fetal bone formation is a cause of lower BMC in SGA. In view of the role of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) in the regulation of collagen type I synthesis and degradation, and low serum IGF‐I concentrations in SGA infants, we hypothesized that serum PICP would be lower and serum ICTP would be higher in SGA than in AGA infants, reflecting decreased bone collagen type I biosynthesis or enhancement of bone collagen type I degradation in SGA. We studied 19 term SGA and 38 term AGA infants that were matched specifically 1:2 by gestation and birth month. There were no differences between SGA and AGA infants in serum PICP nor ICTP concentrations. Serum ICTP was correlated with osteocalcin and with PICP in SGA infants but not in AGA infants. Thus, serum biochemical indices of bone collagen type I biosynthesis and degradation in term SGA infants are similar to those in term AGA infants. These findings are not consistent with the thesis of altered fetal bone collagen type I biosynthesis or degradation in SGA. We suggest that the reduced bone mineral content in SGA infants is predominantly related to a lower supply of minerals rather than defective regulation of bone collagen type I metabolism.
Impact of Solid Food on Plasma Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Status of Term Infants at 8 Months of Age
Authors: Luukkainen Päivi , Salo Matti K. , Visakorpi Jarmo K. , Räihä Niels C. R. , Nikkari Tapio 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWe studied healthy term infants at 6 and 8 months of age to assess the effect of fat‐containing solid foods (mashed veal, chicken, and pork provided in ready‐to‐feed cans) on plasma long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCP) status. Twenty‐one infants were breast‐fed and 49 were formula‐fed. The fat of the formula contained 16.2% linoleic acid and 2.3% α‐linolenic acid but no LCPs. The solid‐food intake was assessed with a 7‐day dietary record. Blood samples were obtained at 6 and 8 months of age, and the fatty acid composition of plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) and phospholipids (PL) were analyzed with capillary gas liquid chromatography. The solid food‐derived fat intake was higher in the formula‐fed than in the breast‐fed group at 6 months, and it increased significantly in both groups (from 0.15 to 0.39 g/kg/day and from 0.24 to 0.43 g/kg/day in breast‐fed and formula‐fed groups, respectively). The relative plasma concentrations of arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) were significantly lower in the formula‐fed than in the breast‐fed group at both 6 and 8 months. In the formula‐fed group at 8 months, the proportion of solid food‐derived fat correlated positively with plasma 20:4n‐6, and the mean percentage of PL‐20:4n‐6 were 8.0% (95% confidence interval, 7.4‐8.5) and 9.0% (8.3‐9.7) in its lowest and highest quartiles, respectively. In the breast‐fed group, solid food‐derived fat intake had no effect on plasma 20:4n‐6. The two groups were similar in that solid‐food fat had no effect on plasma PL‐ or CE‐22:6n‐3. In conclusion, the introduction of meat containing solid foods to formula‐fed infants increases their plasma 20:4n‐6, but not to levels found in breast‐fed infants. Further studies are needed to establish an optimal fatty acid composition of solid foods during weaning.
Sucrase‐Isomaltase Gene Expression in Suckling Rat Intestine: Hormonal, Dietary, and Growth Factor Control
Authors: Nsi Emvo Edouard , Raul Francis , Koch Bernard , Neuville Pascal , Foltzer‐Jourdainne Charlotte 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe effect of hydrocortisone, sucrose, and epidermal growth factor (EGF), alone or in combination, was investigated on the precocious expression of sucrase activity and sucrase‐isomaltase (SI) mRNA in normal and adrenalectomized (ADX) suckling rats. In normal rats, each regulatory factor administered separately from 12 to 13 days of age induced a parallel expression of sucrase activity and SI mRNA. A potentiation of both sucrase activity and SI mRNA was observed after administration of hydrocortisone plus sucrose. Only SI mRNA was potentiated after EGF‐sucrose administration or EGF‐hydrocortisone administration. However, the potentiation of the activity was obtained after a prolonged treatment period of 4 days. In adrenalectomized rats, sucrose and EGF were still able to induce precocious induction of SI mRNA and sucrase activity, but sucrase activity was lowered by 75% by sucrose and by 30% by EGF. The combined treatments gave results similar to those obtained in normal rats. The results obtained in ADX rats indicate that the effects of sucrose and EGF on the precocious expression of sucrase and the potentiation of SI mRNA are independent of endogenous glucocorticoids. The rate of [3H] thymidine incorporation into mucosal DNA of normal sucklings was similar after single or combined treatments. From this study, we conclude that the precocious induction of intestinal sucrase by various regulatory factors, alone or in combination, is primarily regulated at the level of mRNA and is independent of increases in cellular proliferation and circulating glucocorticoids.
15N‐Tracer Studies in Formula‐Fed Preterm Infants: The Role of Glycine Supply in Protein Turnover
Authors: Plath Christian , Heine Willi , Wutzke Klaus D. , Uhlemann Marlies 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn preterm infants, protein‐turnover rates obtained by [15N]glycine as a tracer are known to be overestimated. This may reflect the insufficient supply of dietary glycine. In this randomized study, the influence of a glycine‐rich diet on whole body protein turnover rates in eight male preterm infants (29‐32 weeks, 1,200‐2,540 g birthweight) using the 15N‐tracer technique on days 21 and 28 of life was investigated to evaluate the necessity of supplementing preterm infant formulas with proteins rich in glycine. Before and during the study, the infants were alternately fed with a commercial available preterm infant formula (I, 2% protein, 40 mg glycine/dl) and a variety of this formulation with glycine‐rich proteins (II, 2% protein, 130 mg glycine/dl). The protein‐turnover rates were computed after 15N‐single‐pulse labeling with the help of the three‐compartment model (TCM) and the urinary ammonia end‐product method (AEPM). The tracer used was [15N]glycine (dosage: 2 mg 15N/kg). For the determination of 15N‐excess‐excretion kinetics, fractionated urine specimens were collected over a 36‐h period. The protein‐turnover rate calculated by TCM was 8.8 ± 1.6 g/kg/day (formula I) and 7.7 ± 2.0 g/kg/day (formula II); using AEPM, the rate was 8.7 ± 2.5 g/kg/day and 7.5 ± 1.5 g/kg/day, respectively. We conclude that the presaturation of the precursor pool by an adequate glycine intake minimizes drawbacks that may arise when using [15N]‐glycine as a tracer in preterm infants, and a protein concentration of 2%, as in formula I, and consequently, a 170% glycine content when compared with the same human milk volume, meets the glycine requirement.
Celiac Disease in Down's Syndrome with HLA Serological and Molecular Studies
Authors: Failla P. , Ruberto C. , Pagano M. C. , Lombardo M. , Bottaro G. , Perichon B. , Krishnamoorthy R. , Romano C. , Ragusa A. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe association between Down's syndrome (DS) and celiac disease (CD) has been confirmed by several authors. The sensitivity and specificity of antigliadin antibodies (AGAs), the clinical features of subjects with DS and CD (DS‐CD +), the incidence of CD, and the results of serological and molecular class I and II HLA typing were determined in a sample of 57 Sicilian subjects with DS. Six (10.5%) and 17 subjects (29.8%) showed high level of IgA AGAs and IgG AGAs, respectively. AGAs sensitivity and specificity were lower than in the population without DS. Ten people with DS were submitted to jejunal biopsy, and seven (12.2%) showed CD according to ESPGAN criteria. All seven patients were put on gluten‐free diet, followed by rapid disappearance of symptoms. Class I and II HLA serological and molecular typing was carried out in seven DS‐CD + subjects, 22 people with DS without CD (DS‐CD ‐), five subjects with CD without DS, and 20 controls. Between DS‐CD + and DS‐CD ‐ subjects, no statistically significant difference regarding serum HLA class I antigens was found. DQA1 *0101 allele appears significantly in DS‐CD + patients and deserves to be searched for in a larger sample to assess its meaning in the DS‐CD association.
Gastrointestinal Absorption of Insulinlike Growth Factor‐I in Neonatal Pigs
Authors: Xu Ruo‐Jun , Wang Tian 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTo determine if milk‐borne insulinlike growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) is absorbed in neonatal piglets, recombinant human IGF‐I was iodinated and then administered via an oral‐gastric tube to newborn and 3‐day‐old piglets together with fluorescent isothiocyanate dextran (FITC‐D70s, a macromolecular marker for assessment of gut closure). Results showed that total radioactivity and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)‐precipitable radioactivity rose significantly in the plasma of both newborn and 3‐day‐old piglets 1 hour after oral‐gastric administration of 125I‐IGF‐I, although the magnitude of increase was greater in newborns than in 3‐day‐old piglets. In contrast, significant absorption of FITC‐D70s was observed only in newborn piglets but not in 3‐day‐old piglets. Chromatographic analysis revealed that 125I‐IGF‐I represented up to 20% of total plasma radioactivity in the newborns and up to 10% in the 3‐day‐old piglets. The 125I‐IGF‐I found in the plasma was mostly bound to IGF‐binding proteins. These results indicate that milk‐borne IGF‐I can be absorbed in neonatal piglets and the absorption is independent of gut closure.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Antibodies in Children in Bloemfontein, South Africa
Authors: Pelser H. H. , Househam K. C. , Joubert G. , van der Linde G. , Kraaij P. , Meinardi M. , McLeod A. , Anthony M. 
Published: February 2024

Background:An association of H. pylori infection with chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration and gastric cancer is known.Methods:Prevalence of IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in children in the Bloemfontein, South Africa area was studied. Children attending the general pediatric out‐patient department at Pelonomi Hospital in Bloemfontein were grouped according to age. A minimum of 100 children was investigated in each age group. Baseline demographic and socioeconomic data were collected.Results:The study showed a high prevalence of H. pylori antibodies. Prevalence increased with age: 13.5% in children 3 months‐2 years, 48.5% at 2‐5 years, 67.3% at 5‐10 years and 84.2% at 10‐15 years. Investigation of the socioeconomic data in relation to the prevalence of H. pylori was inconclusive.Conclusions:This high prevalence needs further study.
Soy‐Polysaccharide‐Supplemented Soy Formula Enhances Mucosal Disaccharidase Levels Following Massive Small Intestinal Resection in Rats
Authors: Michail S. , Mohammadpour M. , Park J. H. Y. , Vanderhoof J. A. 
Published: February 2024

Background:Addition of soy polysaccharide to infant formulas has previously been shown to reduce the duration of diarrhea in infants with acute gastroenteritis. Fiber is metabolized to short‐chain fatty acids that have been shown to be beneficial in inducing adaptation in the small bowel. We therefore hypothesize that a soy‐polysaccharide‐supplemented infant formula may be potentially advantageous in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome and could have a trophic effect on the remaining small intestine.Methods:Male Spraque‐Dawley rats weighing 250 g were divided into two groups. One group received Isomil, a standard infant soy formula. The second group received Isomil supplemented with fiber, Isomil DF. Half the animals in each dietary group were subjected to 80% jejunoileal resection and the reminder were sham operated. Animals were pair‐fed one of two diets for 14 days. At the conclusion of the 14‐day period, mucosal weight and sucrase and lactase levels in the remaining duodenum and ileum were determined.Results:Resected animals fed fiber‐supplemented formulas had significantly higher sucrase and lactase levels in the proximal bowel. Comparable results were not observed in the sham‐operated animals.Conclusions:The addition of soy polysaccharide to infant formulas fed to children with short bowel syndrome might potentially improve small intestinal functional adaptation as well as positively affecting stool consistency.
Serum Levels of Osteocalcin and Type I Procollagen in Children with Celiac Disease
Authors: Pratico' G. , Caltabiano L. , Bottaro G. , Palano G. M. , Rotolo N. , Spina M. 
Published: February 2024

Background:Bone metabolism may be disturbed in children with celiac disease.Methods:Two markers of bone turnover were used: the level of osteocalcin (BGP) and the level of carboxylterminal peptide of type I procollagen (PICP). BGP and PICP were measured by radioimmunoassays in 18 untreated children with celiac disease (mean age: 22.9 ± 15.6 months) and in 15 control subjects (mean age 28.5 ± 21 months). All the patients were rechecked after 1 month and again after 3 months from beginning of a gluten‐free diet (GFD).Results:Compared with controls at diagnosis our patients had significantly lower serum levels of BGP and PICP (p = 0.003 and p = 0.018 by Student's t test, respectively). These levels increased markedly during the 1st 3 months of GFD.Conclusions:The alteration in calcium phosphate homeostasis caused by celiac disease directly affects the synthesis of both components of the connective matrix of bone. Measurements of BGP and PICP provide a reliable and rapidly obtainable index of normalization of the processes of bone growth which can be achieved with a GFD.
Assessment of Plasma Fibronectin in Malnourished Nigerian Children
Authors: Akenami Francis O. T. , Koskiniemi Marjaleena , Siimes Martti A. , Ekanem Emmanuel E. , Bolarin Debayo M. , Vaheri Antti 
Published: February 2024

Background:Severe malnutrition is associated with septic infections. The concentrations of fibronectin, albumin, and transferrin in plasma were measured in three groups of children with protein‐energy malnutrition, aged 1‐3 years, each group comprising 20 children. The aim of which was to test whether plasma fibronectin, being an opsonic protein, was reduced in such children, and if it was a useful index for assessing the severity of malnutrition.Methods:The concentrations of fibronectin, albumin, and transferrin in plasma were studied by enzyme immunoassay/immunoblotting, spectrophotometry and immunoturbidimetry respectively.Results:All values were significantly lower in the patients with malnutrition than in the age‐ and sex‐matched well‐nourished Nigerian reference children. Within the malnourished group, the fibronectin value was evenly reduced in all subgroups. Albumin and transferrin values were lowest in the patients with kwashiorkor, highest in the marasmic patients, and intermediate in the patients with marasmic kwashiorkor; the values correlated mutually in individual cases as well, but not with the fibronectin levels. Neither plasma fibronectin fragmentation nor tissue fibronectin was detected in any patient with malnutrition or in the reference subjects.Conclusions:The reduced plasma fibronectin values in these patients may be due to reduced synthesis by the liver, as evidenced by the equally reduced albumin and transferrin concentrations and/or to the multiple infections characteristic of the patients.