bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biphasic parapharyngeal synovial sarcoma : A cytologic and immunocytologic report of a case
Authors: Khademi Bijan , Daneshbod Yahya , Negahban Shahrzad , Daneshbod Khosrow , Kaviani Massud , Mohammadianpanah Mohammad , Ashraf Mohammad J 
Published: August 2006

Background:
Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma in the head and neck region and parapharyngeal space. There is no previous cytologic report of synovial sarcoma of parapharynx. The cytologic and immunocytochemical findings of a parapharyngeal biphasic synovial sarcoma together with diagnostic pitfalls are described.

Case report:
A 21-year-old girl presented with a 6-month history of progressive right arm pain, neck mass and upper aerodigestive tract obstruction. On physical examination there was a large painless mass arising from the right-sided parapharyngeal space causing airway obstruction. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large tumor in the right-sided parapharyngeal space. Fine needle aspiration through cervical region was performed and was reported as benign spindle cell tumor. Smears were cellular and composed mostly of tight and loose clusters of spindle cells. Epitheloid cells could also be identified intermingled with them. She underwent near total resection of the tumor. Pathologic report disclosed the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. She then received postoperative adjuvant external radiotherapy.

Conclusion:
Due to rarity of this tumor in this region and nonspecific cytologic features, we could not differentiate this tumor from the other more common spindle cell neoplasms. Considering synovial sarcoma in this region and immunocytochemistry can be helpful in rendering a correct initial diagnosis of this tumor.
Serum, urinary, and salivary nitric oxide in rheumatoid arthritis: complexities of interpreting nitric oxide measures
Authors: Weinberg J Brice , Lang Thomas , Wilkinson William E , Pisetsky David S , St Clair E William 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) may play important roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an inflammatory disease involving joints and other systems including salivary glands. To assess NO production in RA patients, we compared levels of serum, urine, and salivary nitrite and nitrate (NOx) in patients with RA and normal subjects, and we examined the relationships of these measures to disease activity. Serum, urine, and NOx levels as well as renal creatinine, NOx clearance and fractional excretion rates were compared in 25 RA patients and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Subjects were hospitalized for 3 days and placed on a NOxrestricted diet. NOx was assayed using nitrate reductase and the Griess reagent. RA activity was assessed using standard clinical and laboratory measures. While consuming a restricted diet for 3 days to eliminate the effects of oral intake of NOx, 24 hour urinary NOx excretion decreased in both RA patients and healthy controls. Urine NOx levels at all time points were not significantly different between RA patients and normal subjects. Serum NOx levels also decreased during the 3 days of NOx restriction, but RA patients had higher serum NOx levels at all time points compared with the control group. Likewise, serum NOx/creatinine ratios were higher in RA patients than in controls. Although basal salivary flow rate and tear flow were lower in RA patients, salivary NOx levels did not differ between normal and RA subjects. While renal creatinine clearance was not different between the two groups, we found that RA patients had lower renal NOx clearance and lower renal NOx fractional excretion. After correction of p values for multiple comparisons, there were no significant relationships for the RA group between measures of disease activity and the urinary NOx, serum NOx, or urinary NOx clearance. Despite interest in the use of NO as a marker of disease activity, alterations in renal NOx clearance and fractional excretion in RA make it difficult to assess in vivo NO production even with strict dietary restriction of NOx intake.
Preventing autoimmune arthritis using antigen-specific immature dendritic cells: a novel tolerogenic vaccine
Authors: Popov Igor , Li Mu , Zheng Xiufen , San Hongtao , Zhang Xusheng , Ichim Thomas E , Suzuki Motohiko , Feng Biao , Vladau Costin , Zhong Robert , Garcia Bertha , Strejan Gill , Inman Robert D , Min Wei-Ping 
Published: August 2006

AbstractConventional treatments for autoimmune diseases have relied heavily on nonspecific immune suppressants, which possess a variety of adverse effects without inhibiting the autoimmune process in a specific manner. In the present study we demonstrate the effectiveness of antigen-specific, maturation-resistant, tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) in suppressing collagen-induced arthritis, a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of DC progenitors with the NF-κB inhibiting agent LF 15-0195 (LF) resulted in a population of tolerogenic DC that are characterized by low expression of MHC class II, CD40, and CD86 molecules, as well as by poor allostimulatory capacity in a mixed leukocyte reaction. Administering LF-treated DC pulsed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin antigen to naïve mice resulted hyporesponsiveness specific for this antigen. Furthermore, administration of LF-treated DC to mice with collagen-induced arthritis resulted in an improved clinical score, in an inhibited antigen-specific T-cell response, and in reduced antibody response to the collagen. The efficacy of LF-treated DC in preventing arthritis was substantiated by histological examination, which revealed a significant decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration in the joints. In conclusion, we demonstrate that in vitro-generated antigen-specific immature DC may have important potential as a tolerogenic vaccine for the treatment of autoimmune arthritis.
Pivotal Advance: Francisella tularensis LVS evades killing by human neutrophils via inhibition of the respiratory burst and phagosome escape
Authors: McCaffrey Ramona L , Allen Lee-Ann H 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia. Recent data indicate that F. tularensis replicates inside macrophages, but its fate in other cell types, including human neutrophils, is unclear. We now show that F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), opsonized with normal human serum, was rapidly ingested by neutrophils but was not eliminated. Moreover, evasion of intracellular killing can be explained, in part, by disruption of the respiratory burst. As judged by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and nitroblue tetrazolium staining, neutrophils infected with live F. tularensis did not generate reactive oxygen species. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that NADPH oxidase assembly was disrupted, and LVS phagosomes did not acquire gp91/p22phox or p47/p67phox. At the same time, F. tularensis also impaired neutrophil activation by heterologous stimuli such as phorbol esters and opsonized zymosan particles. Later in infection, LVS escaped the phagosome, and live organisms persisted in the neutrophil cytosol for at least 12 h. To our knowledge, our data are the first demonstration of a facultative intracellular pathogen, which disrupts the oxidative burst and escapes the phagosome to evade elimination inside neutrophils, and as such, our data define a novel mechanism of virulence.
Long-Term Cardiac Tolerability of Trastuzumab in Metastatic Breast Cancer: The M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Guarneri Valentina , Lenihan Daniel J. , Valero Vicente , Durand Jean-Bernard , Broglio Kristine , Hess Kenneth R. , Michaud Laura Boehnke , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana M. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Esteva Francisco J. 
Published: August 2006

Purpose To evaluate the cardiac safety of long-term trastuzumab therapy in patients with human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) –overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX). Patients and Methods Among 218 MBC patients treated with trastuzumab-based therapy for at least 1 year, 173 patients were assessable for cardiac toxicity. Cardiac events (CEs) were defined as follows: asymptomatic decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 50%; decrease of 20 percentage points in LVEF compared with the baseline; or signs or symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF). Results The median cumulative time for trastuzumab administration was 21.3 months. The median follow-up was 32.6 months (range, 11.8 to 79.0 months). Forty-nine patients (28%) experienced a CE: three patients (1.7%) had an asymptomatic decrease in the LVEF of 20 percentage points, 27 patients (15.6%) experienced grade 2 cardiac toxicity, and 19 patients (10.9%) experienced grade 3 cardiac toxicity. All but three patients had improved LVEF or symptoms of CHF with trastuzumab discontinuation and appropriate therapy. There was one cardiac-related death (0.5%). Baseline LVEF was significantly associated with CE (hazard ratio, 0.94; P = .001). The hazard of a CE among patients taking concomitant taxanes was higher early in the follow-up period but declined during the course of follow-up. Conclusion The risk of cardiac toxicity of long-term trastuzumab-based therapy is acceptable in this population, and this toxicity is reversible in the majority of the patients. In patients who have experienced a CE, additional treatment with trastuzumab can be considered after recovery of cardiac function.
Fault Ride-through Testing of Wind Turbines
Authors: Mo Olve , Tande John Olav , Warland Leif , Ljøkelsøy Kjell 
Published: August 2006

Grid codes concerning low-voltage fault ride-through capabilities of wind turbines are not (yet) harmonized, varying from country to country. Full-scale field testing of wind turbines with respect to all such codes may therefore not be practical. IEC 61400-21 is currently under revision, and the last committee draft (CD 2006) presents a standardized physical test for characterizing a wind turbine's response to a voltage-dip. The results of such physical tests may be used to validate numerical models of the turbine, which in turn can be used for modelling grid code compliance assessment of particular country codes. Success with such modelled validation will provide confidence in numerical simulations. The hypothesis of this paper is that the use of numerical models, that have been validated against the standardized tests, can reduce the number of physical full-scale tests needed. This paper assesses to what degree a validated simulation model is capable of predicting the fault ride-through capabilities of a fixed speed induction generator. This is done by comparing measurements on a wind-turbine emulator in a laboratory with predictions from a validated simulation model of the laboratory emulator. Simulations and laboratory measurements show excellent agreement. The validated simulation model accurately predicts the fault ride-through capability of the direct grid connected induction generator. It is concluded that the proposed methodology is promising and thus has the potential to increase the efficiency of grid code assessments. Full-scale field tests will still be required to validate the modelling completely, but using numerical models reduces the number of field tests needed.
Evaluation of the isoflurane-sparing effects of lidocaine and fentanyl during surgery in dogs
Authors: Steagall Paulo V. M. , Teixeira Neto Francisco J. , Minto Bruno W. , Campagnol Daniela , Corrêa Mariana A. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the isoflurane-sparing effects of lidocaine and fentanyl administered by constant rate infusion (CRI) during surgery in dogs.
Design—Randomized prospective study.
Animals—24 female dogs undergoing unilateral mastectomy because of mammary neoplasia.
Procedures—After premedication with acepromazine and morphine and anesthetic induction with ketamine and diazepam, anesthesia in dogs (n = 8/group) was maintained with isoflurane combined with either saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control), lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg [0.68 mg/lb], IV bolus, followed by 250 μg/kg/min [113 μg/lb/min], CRI), or fentanyl (5 μg/kg [2.27 μg/lb], IV bolus, followed by 0.5 μg/kg/min [0.23 μg/lb/min], CRI). Positive-pressure ventilation was used to maintain eucapnia. An anesthetist unaware of treatment, endtidal isoflurane (ETiso) concentration, and vaporizer concentrations adjusted a nonprecision vaporizer to maintain surgical depth of anesthesia. Cardiopulmonary variables and ETiso values were monitored before and after beginning surgery.
Results—Heart rate was lower in the fentanyl group. Mean arterial pressure did not differ among groups after surgery commenced. In the control group, mean ± SD ETiso values ranged from 1.16 ± 0.35% to 1.94 ± 0.96%. Fentanyl significantly reduced isoflurane requirements during surgical stimulation by 54% to 66%, whereas the reduction in ETiso concentration (34% to 44%) observed in the lidocaine group was not significant.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of fentanyl resulted in greater isoflurane sparing effect than did lidocaine. However, it appeared that the low heart rate induced by fentanyl may partially offset the improvement in mean arterial pressure that would be expected with reduced isoflurane requirements.
Sodium iodide I 131 treatment of dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors: 39 cases (1990–2003)
Authors: Turrel Jane M. , McEntee Margaret C. , Burke Blaise P. , Page Rodney L. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine outcome for dogs with nonresectable thyroid carcinomas treated with sodium iodide I 131 and identify factors associated with outcome.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—39 dogs.
Procedures—A definitive or presumptive diagnosis of thyroid tumor was made on the basis of cytologic or histologic examination, abnormal accumulation of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m during scintigraphy, or both, and dogs were treated with sodium iodide I 131. Dogs with cervical thyroid tumors were evaluated 3 to 6 weeks after 131I therapy, and residual tumor was resected when feasible.
Results—Prior to 131I therapy, 32 dogs had a solitary mass and 7 had metastases; 21 were hyperthyroid, 16 were euthyroid, and 2 were hypothyroid. Median survival time for dogs with local or regional tumors (ie, stage II or III) was significantly longer (839 days) than median survival time for dogs with metastasis (366 days). Tumor site (cervical vs ectopic), dose of sodium iodide I 131, age, body weight, treatment (131I therapy alone vs 131I therapy followed by surgery), and serum T4 concentration prior to 131I therapy were not significantly associated with survival time. Three dogs died of radioiodine-associated myelosuppression within 3 months after treatment, but no specific factor associated with development of toxicosis was identified.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that 131I therapy may result in prolonged survival times in dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors, regardless of serum thyroxine concentration prior to treatment. Dogs undergoing 131I therapy should be monitored for signs of bone marrow suppression.
Protesting Cartography: Places the United States Has Bombed
Authors: O’Hara Slavick Elin 
Published: August 2006

Protesting Cartography: Places the United States has Bombed is a series of protest drawings of US military interventions. Utilizing surveillance imagery, military websites such as the US Department of Defense battle plans, aerial photography, mass media, and maps, each drawing is based on a rendering of a place, almost always viewed from the air, which has been targeted by US bombers. I choose to make these drawings by hand rather than to employ photographic or other mechanical means in the hope that people will take their time with them.
This project is an attempt to provide: a comprehensive and more humane acknowledgement of war; a revelation and analysis of our own complicity and passive acceptance of things as they are; different and multiple ways to access, interpret, and act on the magnitude of war and its aftermath; the truth; an uncovering of covert operations; and a remembrance of the dead for the living.
National Stroke Association guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks
Authors: Johnston S. Claiborne , Nguyen‐Huynh Mai N. , Schwarz Miriam E. , Fuller Kate , Williams Christina E. , Josephson S. Andrew , Hankey Graeme J. , Hart Robert G. , Levine Steven R. , Biller Jose , Brown Robert D. , Sacco Ralph L. , Kappelle L. Jaap , Koudstaal Peter J. , Bogousslavsky Julien , Caplan Louis R. , van Gijn Jan , Algra Ale , Rothwell Peter M. , Adams Harold P. , Albers Gregory W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectiveTransient ischemic attacks are common and important harbingers of subsequent stroke. Management varies widely, and most published guidelines have not been updated in several years. We sought to create comprehensive, unbiased, evidence‐based guidelines for the management of patients with transient ischemic attacks.MethodsFifteen expert panelists were selected based on objective criteria, using publication metrics that predicted nomination by practitioners in the field. Prior published guidelines were identified through systematic review, and recommendations derived from them were rated independently for quality by the experts. Highest quality recommendations were selected and subsequently edited by the panelists using a modified Delphi approach with multiple iterations of questionnaires to reach consensus on new changes. Experts were provided systematic reviews of recent clinical studies and were asked to justify wording changes based on new evidence and to rate the final recommendations based on level of evidence and quality. No expert was allowed to contribute to recommendations on a topic for which there could be any perception of a conflict of interest.ResultsOf 257 guidelines documents identified by systematic review, 13 documents containing 137 recommendations met all entry criteria. Six iterations of questionnaires were required to reach consensus on wording of 53 final recommendations. Final recommendations covered initial management, evaluation, medical treatment, surgical treatment, and risk factor management.InterpretationThe final recommendations on the care of patients with transient ischemic attacks emphasize the importance of urgent evaluation and treatment. The novel approach used to develop these guidelines is feasible, allows for rapid updating, and may reduce bias. Ann Neurol 2006
Two‐Dimensional Acetylenic Scaffolding: Extended Donor‐Substituted Perethynylated Dehydroannulenes
Authors: Kivala Milan , Mitzel Frieder , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Seiler Paul , Gross Maurice , Diederich François 
Published: August 2006

AbstractStarting from (Z)‐bis(N,N‐diisopropylanilino)‐substituted tetraethynylethene (TEE), perethynylated octadehydro[12]‐ and dodecadehydro[18]annulenes were prepared by oxidative Hay coupling. The dodecadehydro[18]annulene with six peripheral N,N‐diisopropylanilino substituents was characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Elongation of the Z‐bisdeprotected TEE by Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling with 1‐bromo‐2‐(triisopropylsilyl)ethyne provided a Z‐configured bis(butadiyne), which after alkyne deprotection afforded under Hay coupling conditions N,N‐diisopropylanilino‐substituted perethynylated hexadecadehydro[20]‐ and tetracosadehydro[30]an‐nulenes. The diisopropylanilino substituents enhance the properties of these unprecedented all‐carbon perimeters in several distinct ways. They ensure their solubility, increase their stability, and importantly, engage in strong intramolecular charge‐transfer interactions with the electron‐accepting all‐carbon cores, resulting in intense, bathochromically shifted charge‐transfer bands in the UV/Vis spectra. The charge‐transfer character of these bands was confirmed by protonation‐neutralization experiments. The redox properties of the new carbon‐rich chromophores were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk voltammetry, which indicated different redox behavior for aromatic (4n+2 π electrons) and antiaromatic (4n π electrons) dehydroannulenes.
The effect of tamoxifen on the pharmacokinetics of letrozole in female rats
Authors: Tao X. , Brodie A. M. H. , Nnane I. P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe effects of single doses of tamoxifen (TAM; 0.5–5 mg/kg, i.v.) and chronic pretreatment with TAM (0.1–5.0 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 7 consecutive days) on letrozole (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) pharmacokinetics were evaluated in female Sprague‐Dawley rats. The plasma concentration‐time profiles of letrozole (0.1–2.0 mg/kg) after single i.v. doses were analysed by the non‐compartment model with terminal half‐lives (t1/2,λz) ranging from 34.3 to 37.5 h. The volume of distribution at the terminal phases (Vd(λz)) ranged from 1.9 to 2.1 l/kg and clearance (CL) varied from 0.036 to 0.042 l/(h·kg). After co‐administration of TAM and letrozole intravenously, thet1/2, Vd(λz)andCLof letrozole were not significantly altered. Chronic pretreatment with TAM significantly decreased thet1/2of letrozole by about 33%, and increased its clearance by an average of 40%. However, TAM pretreatment did not significantly affect theVd((λz)of letrozole in female rats. Co‐administration of letrozole and TAM orally increased the absorption half‐life of letrozole threefold although the absolute bioavailability remained unchanged. These observations suggest that single oral doses of TAM delay the absorption of letrozole while chronic pretreatment with TAM accelerates the elimination of letrozole, probably due to induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in rats. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is it time for pan‐European, open‐end real estate funds?
Authors: Skinner David , Bradford David 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRecent changes in Europe's real estate market will probably help open‐end funds become more broadly accepted for pan‐European investment. These changes include greater awareness of the benefits of such structures, the growing appetite of institutional investors for a strategic exposure to non‐domestic real estate and the globalization of the investment management industry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atorvastatin has cardiac safety at intensive cholesterol‐reducing protocols for long term, yet its cancer‐treatment doses with chemotherapy may cause cardiomyopathy even under coenzyme‐Q10 protection
Authors: Caner Metin , Sonmez Bingur , Kurnaz Ozlem , Aldemir Caner , Salar Seda , Altug Tuncay , Bilir Ayhan , Altinoz Meric A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractStatins provide strong clinical benefits via reducing stroke deaths, and they are also considered for tumor reduction and chemo‐sensitization. High dose atorvastatin in adults (80 mg daily, approx. 1 mg/kg) is proven to afford greater protection against cardiac deaths than does a standard lipid‐lowering dose in coronary syndrome. For cancer trials, mega doses up to 30 mg/kg have been used for short term treatments but neither a high nor a mega‐dose of atorvastatin has been tested for long term cardiac safety. This may be of special concern, since some animal studies showed deleterious effects of statins on cardiac tissue, which may be related with coenzymeQ (CoQ) depletion. We performed an electron microscopic analysis of rat hearts after low, high‐or mega‐dose atorvastatin therapy and with or without MNU (methyl‐nitrosourea)‐stress. MNU + daily high dose atorvastatin treatment for 13 months did not produce severe cardiac toxicity with CoQ. However, at mega doses (30 mg/kg) and with MNU, mitochondrial damage and myofibrillary disintegration was obvious. Strong proliferation of mitochondria under high dose atorvastatin therapy with CoQ may explain the lack of cardiotoxicity; and this finding seems to parallel recent data that statins induce HNF‐4 and PPAR‐alpha, both responsible for mitochondria‐proliferation. Employment of statins for tumor chemo‐sensitization at high‐dosage and for long term treatments may require strategies to direct the mevalonate‐entry differentially into cardiac and tumor cells and to develop a protocol analogous to folic acid salvage of methotrexate toxicity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.