bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phospholipids of two strains of dermatophyte,Arthroderma uncinatum
Authors: Kish Zoltan , Cecil Jack R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe phospholipid composition of a mutant strain of the dermatophyteArthroderma uncinatum was compared with that of the wild type. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid were present, and there was marked variation in the amounts of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid in the two strains. Thus, the ratio of phosphatidylcholine (wild type) to phosphatidylcholine (mutant) was 2∶1; the ratio of phosphatidylserine (wild type) to phosphatidylserine (mutant) was 3∶1 and the ratio of phosphatidic acid (wild type) to phosphatidic acid (mutant) was 1∶5. In both strains, the predominant fatty acid was 18∶2, with 54.0% in the wild type and 46.7% in the mutant. Qualitatively, the same fatty acids, with the exception of C20∶0, were found in all of the phospholipid classes; C20∶0, both in the mutant strain (5.79%) and the wild type (trace amounts), was associated with phosphatidylserine. There was a significant difference in the rates of growth of the two strains; the mutant strain grew more rapidly than, and produced three times as much mycelium as, the wild type. The mutant strain also produced larger proportions of total lipid and phospholipid than the wild type; there was 20.5% total lipid and ca. 5% phospholipid in the mutant compared with 15.5% total lipid and 2.6% phospholipid in the wild type.
Fatty acid desaturation by mammary gland microsomes from lactating mice
Authors: Ananda Rao G. , Abraham S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMicrosomal fractions obtained from lactating mouse mammary glands catalyze the desaturation of myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids in the presence of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate, coenzyme A, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form. The products of this reaction are the corresponding monoenoic fatty acids, myristoleic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids respectively. Desaturase, activity was greater with stearate as substrate than with either palmitate or myristate. Palmitate was desaturated at a rate ca. 50% greater than that of myristate. Although both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form served as electron donors, the former was superior in this regard. Desaturase activity was not influenced by the addition of glycerol 3‐phosphate to the incubation medium. However, the presence of this compound did affect the type of lipid formed. In the absence of the added glyceride‐glycerol precursor, the major products were phospholipids, whereas in its presence they were triglycerides.
Effect of oxygen levels on the fatty acids and lipids ofMucor rouxii
Authors: Safe S. , Duncan J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effect of aerobic and oxygen limiting (anaerobic) growth conditions upon the fatty acid and lipid composition ofMucor rouxii has been examined. The aerobic cells contained a range of fatty acids typical of phycomycetes, i.e. γ‐linolenic acid, with an unsaturation index of 1.20, whereas the anerobic cells contained relatively high levels of shorter chained fatty acids and very low concentrations of unsaturated acids (unsaturation index=0.025). The unsaturated compounds were monoolefinic tetra‐, hexa‐, and octadecenoic acids; and closer examination of their di‐trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that all three acids contained the double bond in the Δ9 position. These results were consistent with a microaerobic biosynthetic pathway. In addition, there were major quantitative differences in the lipid composition of the two types of cells; and it was evident that the differences in growth environment markedly affected the cellular lipid and fatty acid compositions.
Fractionation and analysis of fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation
Authors: Trombly Richard , Tappel Al 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe fluorescence excitation spectrum of model conjugated Schiff base compounds that arise from the reaction of malonaldehyde with amino acids was shown to contain a maximum at 260–280 nm in addition to the previously observed maximum at 350–390 nm. Excitation at either maximum results in emission at a single maximum at 440–480 nm. The excitation and emission maxima of the model fluorescent compounds, together with the characteristic reductions in fluorescence intensity caused by alkaline pH or heavy metal coordination, provide criteria with which to examine lipid peroxidation products for the presence of the conjugated Schiff base fluorophore. Silicic acid column chromatography and silica gel thin layer chromatography were employed to fractionate the fluorescent products of model lipid peroxidation systems and of rat testicular lipid soluble extracts. These products contained large families of compounds whose fluorescence characteristics were the same as those of the Schiff base floorophores. The fractionation methods used enabled more thorough fluorescence characterization of many of the products of lipid peroxidation, but the fluores‐cence criteria available do not provide definitive proof of structure.
24‐Methylenelanost‐9(11)‐en‐3β‐ol, new triterpene alcohol from shea butter
Authors: Itoh T. , Tamura T. , Matsumoto T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA new triterpene alcohol was isolated from shea butter and its structure was shown to be 24‐methylenelamost‐9(11)‐en‐3β‐ol. Gas chromatographic correlations between this triterpene alcohol and other related compounds are discussed.
Dietary fats and properties of endoplasmic reticulum: I. Dietary lipid induced changes in composition of microsomal membranes in liver and gastroduodenal mucosa of rat
Authors: Laitinen M. , Hietanen E. , Vainio H. , Hänninen O. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRats were fed for four weeks with different lipid diets to determine the effects on the endoplasmic reticulum membranes of the liver and on the postmitochondrial supernatant fraction of the gastroduodenal mucosa. The diets contained cholesterol, cacao butter, olive oil, and these in combination. The results showed that dietary lipids were able to modify the composition of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and, to a lesser extent, that of postmitochondrial fraction of gastroduodenal mucosa. Cacao butter in the diet decreased the relative proportion of protein in hepatic microsomes. Cholesterol and olive oil were able to increase the cholesterol content of microsomes. The trypsin digestion of membranes revealed that cholesterol increased the solubility of microsomal protein and decreased the trypsin sensitive protein‐lipid binding. The neutral fat diets increased the binding of proteins to the membrane, and cholesterol had no effect when it was given in combination. The low power photomicrographs revealed vacuolization of the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes when rats were fed on lipid rich diets. Also fatty degeneration was present. Cholesterol in combination with olive oil, however, did normalize the structure of the hepatocytes to a marked extent.
Effects of bacteriophage M13 infection upon phospholipid and fatty acid compositions ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Chattopadhyay P. K. , Dutta J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEscherichia coli K38 were grown and infected with wild type and amber mutants of bacteriophage M13 in the early log phase. Lipid compositions of the infected and healthy cultures, grown under identical conditions, were determined 2 hr after infection. From the results, it was observed that total lipid and total phospholipid content remained nearly constant, suggesting that the cell membrane which contained the maximum phospholipids was not damaged by the infection. Moreover, the percentage of diphosphatidylglycerol and lyso‐compounds corresponding to phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol increased, while phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol decreased. The increase in lyso‐compounds may be due to the release of phospholipase A2 (a periplasmic enzyme) from the cell wall after damage by the infection. Bacteriophage M13 infection had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids.
Acetylenic acids from mosses
Authors: Anderson W. H. , Gellerman J. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTwo new acetylenic fatty acids, 9, 12‐octadecadien‐6‐ynoic and 11,14‐eicosadien‐8‐ynoic, were identified from lipids of the moss,Fontinalis antipyretica. They resemble the previously identified 9,12,15‐octadecatrien‐6‐ynoic acid by having a methylene interrupted unsaturated system. The C20 acetylenic acid shows that the capability of mosses to synthesize polyolefinic acids of this chain length applies, in certain species, also to olefinic‐acetylenic acids.
NMR spectra of mercury adducts of unsaturated fatty acids: Quantitative determination ofcis‐trans ratio
Authors: Schaumburg Kjeld 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBy stereospecific adduct formation between mercuric acetate and unsaturated fatty acids, derivatives are obtained suitable for NMR determination ofcis‐trans ratio. The preparation and optimal experimental conditions are determined. Experimental data are found to be within a few per cent of the true values.
Retarded hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase of seed oils withTrans‐3 unsaturation
Authors: Kleiman R. , Earle F. R. , Tallent W. H. , Wolff I. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTriglycerides containing acids withtrans‐3 unsaturation (16∶13, 18∶13 and 18∶33, 9, 12) showed a marked retardation of reaction rate with pancreatic lipase. An inverse relationship was found between content oftrans‐3 unsaturated acids in seed oils and lipolysis rate. Thetrans‐3 unsaturated acids were concentrated in the diglyceride and residual triglyceride fractions of the lipolysates, and only small amounts were present in the free acid and monoglyceride fractions.
Nonconversion of 5,11,14‐eicosatrienoic into arachidonic acid by rats
Authors: Schlenk H. , Sand D. M. , Gellerman J. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMethyl ester of [U‐14C]5,11,14‐20∶3 was administered to essential fatty acid deficient rats. In contrast to a report by Takagi, it was found that the trienoic acid was not converted into arachidonic acid.
Detection of lithocholic acid in multiple sclerosis brain tissue
Authors: Mujtaba Naqvi S. H. , Ramsey Robert B. , Nicholas H. J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBy methods previously employed for detecting lithocholic acid in brains of guinea pigs afflicted with experimental allergic encephalitis, the same acid was detected in a coronal specimen of human brain obtained on autopsy of a multiple sclerosis patient. The specimen contained several well‐defined demyelinated plaque areas. No lithocholic acid was detected in a somewhat larger coronal specimen of normal human brain.
Structure of some intact lipids of petrel stomach oils
Authors: Watts Rodney , Warham John 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe stomach or proventricular oils from 16 species of petrel have been analyzed and the carbon number distributions of the wax esters, triglycerides, and diacylglyceryl ethers are reported. The wax esters have been fractionated further into less and more polar species. To determine whether any intermolecular specificity existed, carbon number distributions for each lipid class were calculated, assuming random esterifications. The triglyceride and diacylglyceryl ether compositions observed were all found to agree closely with those calculated. The wax esters from three petrel species were found to have greater proportions of the middle range species with carbon numbers 34–38 than calculated. However, most of the lipids examined had random structures which have been found to be characteristic of marine sources. The results in general support the belief that the oils are derived directly from dietary sources rather than synthesis by the proventricular glands.
Tirucalla‐7,24‐dienol: A new triterpene alcohol from tea seed oil
Authors: Itoh T. , Tamura T. , Matsumoto T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA new triterpene alcohol is isolated from tea (Thea sinensis, Theaceae) seed oil, and its structure is shown to be 5α‐tirucalla‐7,24‐dien‐3β‐ol. This triterpene alcohol is considered to be a possible biogenetic precursor to the meliane and meliacan series of oxygenated triterpenes. Gas liquid chromatographic and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic correlations between euphane and tirucallane series triterpenes also are discussed.
Vitamin E, cholesterol, and lipids during atherogenesis in rabbits
Authors: Bitman Joel , Weyant Joan , Wood D. L. , Wrenn T. R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRabbits were fed diets including cholesterol and 10% butterfat to determine whether polyunsaturated butter (9% 18∶2) would be less atherogenic than normal saturated butter (3% 18∶2) when fed for 12 weeks. The cholesterol diets alone, 0.5% or 2%, produced aortic plaque development, and plasma cholesterol increased 20 times, lipids increased 10 times, and vitamin E increased 5 times. The inclusion of both fat and cholesterol in the diet produced a synergistic effect, doubling these values to 40 times for cholesterol, 20 times for lipids, and 10 times for vitamin E. The higher circulating levels of cholesterol caused increased tissue levels of cholesterol. With 2% cholesterol and fat, liver and aorta cholesterol increased 10 times, heart 4 times, and muscle cholesterol 2 times. The lower 0.5% dietary cholesterol load was successful in limiting the amount of tissue cholesterol increase. Liver, aorta, heart, and muscle levels of cholesterol were only about half the concentration attained when 2% cholesterol was fed. It was concluded that there were no differences in plasma or tissue cholesterol, vitamin E, or atherosclerosis attributable to the polyunsaturated nature of the diet. The 10% butterfat diets alone, whether saturated or unsaturated, did not induce aortic plaques and did not increase blood or tissue cholesterol, lipids, or vitamin E. Our results suggest that the lipid mobilizing effect is mediated by cholesterol, probably by conversion to bile acids and a stimulation in intestinal absorption.
Site of bile acid absorption in the rat
Authors: Sklan D. , Budowski P. , Hurwitz S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBile acid absorption was measured in the small intestine of the rat using91Y as a nonabsorbed reference substance. Some 50% of the secreted bile acids were absorbed in the proximal half of the small intestine. In situ incubations of ligated intestinal segments into which tauro(14C‐carbonyl)cholic acid was introduced confirmed the considerable uptake of bile acids in the jejunum. The in situ experiments indicated that serosal transport is the limiting stage of bile acid absorption in the jejunum but not in the ileum. Increasing bile acid concentrations in the in situ experiments did not affect the percentage disappearance of dose from the jejunum but reduced the percentage mucosal uptake in the ileum. It is concluded that, in the rat, the proximal small intestine is as important in the absorption of bile acids as the distal small intestine.
Chemiluminescent autoxidation of linolenic acid films on silica gel
Authors: Slawson Vida , Adamson Arthur W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFilms of linolenic acid supported on chromatographic type silica gel undergo autoxidation at a rate which is slow compared to that in homogeneous phase at low surface coverage but comparable to it at coverages approximating a close‐packed monolayer. The new observation reported here is that these surface phase oxidations are chemiluminescent. The quantum yield is ca. 10−12 quanta per molecule of fatty acid reacted for a close‐packed monolayer and remains approximately constant with decreasing coverage. The emission intensity is temperature dependent, with an apparent activation energy of 10 kcal mol−1, and shows an induction period for close‐packed monolayers. The emission spectrum contains a component consistent with excited state ketone emission and a low energy component, ca. 600+ nm, which could be due to singlet oxygen emission. The existence of the emission means that surface autoxidation reactions can be followed in place; the nature of the emission may provide insight into the autoxidation mechanism beyond that which may be inferred from conventional rate measurements.
Esterified alkan‐1‐ols and alkan‐2‐ols in barley epicuticular wax
Authors: von Wettstein‐Knowles P. , Netting A. G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe epicuticular wax on all barley organs is characterized by the presence of long chain esters which have alkan‐1‐ols as their alcohol moiety (mainly C38−C48). A second type of long chain ester in which alkan‐2‐ols serve as the alcohol moiety has been identified in the wax from all organs except the awns and leaf blades (mainly C33−C35). Utilizing Silica Gel H column chromatography, a 95% separation of the two ester types was achieved. Unlike alkan‐1‐ols, the alkan‐2‐ols (primarily C13 and C15) do not occur free in the wax. Esters isolated from spike minus awn wax consisted of 62% alkan‐2‐ol and 38% alkan‐1‐ol containing esters. The isomeric composition of each ester was determined with the aid of gas liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In the mass spectra of the alkan‐2‐ol containing esters, mass ions were absent and the relative intensities of the RCO2H2+, RCO2H+, [R′‐1]+, and RCO+ ions were markedly different from those characteristic for alkan‐1‐ol containing esters. Since esterified alkan‐2‐ols occur only in those waxes having β‐diketones, a close biosynthetic relationship between these two lipid classes is suggested.
Specific inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis exerted by dietary linoleate and linolenate in essential fatty acid adequate rats
Authors: Clarke S. D. , Romsos D. R. , Leveille G. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDietary linoleate and linolenate were investigated for their ability to specifically inhibit liver and adipose tissue lipogenesis in meal‐fed (access to food 900‐1,200 hr), essential fatty acid (EFA) adequate rats. Supplementing a high carbohydrate diet containing 2.5% safflower oil with 3% palmitate 16∶0, oleate 18∶1, or linoleate 18∶2 did not affect in vivo liver or adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis. However, 18∶2 addition to the basal diet did result in a significant (P<0.05) decline of liver fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. When the safflower oil content of the basal diet was reduced to 1%, the addition of 3% 18∶2 or linolenate 18∶3 significantly (P<0.05) depressed hepatic FAS, G6PD, and in vivo fatty acid synthesis by 50%. Addition of 18∶1 caused no depression in hepatic FAS activity but did result in a significant (P<0.05) decline in liver G6PD activity and fatty acid synthesis which was intermediate between basal and basal +18∶2‐or+18∶3‐fed animals. Adipose tissue rates of lipogenesis were completely unaffected by dietary fatty acid supplementation. Similarly, the addition of 3 or 5% 18∶3 to a basal diet for only one meal resulted in no change in lipogenesis relative to that in animals fed the basal diet. The data indicate that, like rats fed EFA‐deficient diets, dietary 18∶2 and 18∶3 exert a specific capacity to depress rat liver FAS and G6PD activities and rate of fatty acid synthesis.
Effects of dietary saturated andtrans fatty acids on cholesteryl ester synthesis and hydrolysis in the testes of rats
Authors: Takatori Takehiko , Phillips Frederick , Privett Orville S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStudies were made of the enzymic synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in rat testes. Weanling rats were fed for 14 weeks diets containing 5% by wt of hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), a concentrate of ethyl elaidate and linolelaidate (TRANS), devoid of essential fatty acids (EFA), or safflower oil (SAFF). Cholesterol esterifying activity was localized in the soluble fraction, and cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was distributed in both particulate and soluble fractions obtained from tissue homogenates. The optimum pH was 6.0 for esterification and 6.9–7.0 for hydrolysis. Neither esterifying nor hydrolytic activity was affected by freezing and thawing, but both reactions were inhibited by heat or sonication. The animals of both the HCO and TRANS groups had developed an EFA deficiency before they were sacrificed. The EFA deficiency produced upon feeding the HCO diet had no apparent effect on the synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in rat testes. The TRANS diet influenced the development of the testes as judged by their size, and cholesterol esterifying and cholesteryl ester hydrolyzing activities were suppressed in the testes of the animals of this group. A major difference in the effects of the HCO and TRANS diets on the lipids of the testes was the relatively minor amount of eicosatrienoic acid (20∶3) and the elevated level of docosapentaenoic acid (22∶5) in the cholesteryl esters of the testicular lipids of the TRANS group.
Comparative antilipidemic effects of various ethyl 5‐substituted benzofuran‐, 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐, and 3(2H)‐benzofuranone‐2‐carboxylate analogs of clofibrate in a triton hyperlipidemic rat model
Authors: Witiak Donald T. , Newman Howard A. I. , Poochikian Guiragos K. , Loh William , Sankarappa Shankar K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe antilipidemic properties of certain benzofuran‐, 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐, and 3(2H)‐benzofuranone‐2‐carboxylate analogs of clofibrate in a hyperlipidemic rat model are described. The hyperlipidemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR‐1339. The results were analyzed in light of structural modifications as well as the lipid solubility of substituted compounds as assessed by a consideration of calculated log P values. Comparisons are made between the activity of these compounds and the activity of related cyclic analogs previously reported. Among the various compounds tested, only the 5‐C1 and phenylsubstituted dihydrobenzofurans were selective against elevated serum cholesterol levels in this animal model. The data presented support the hypothesis that the cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity of clofibrate related analogs in this animal model may be separated through a consideration of log P, conformational, and electronic changes. The proposal is advanced that relatively minor structural modification of clofibrate related analogs may lead to compounds which are not only selective in the Triton model but also to compounds which are likely to exert their effects by differing modes of action.
Free radical reactions of peroxidizing lipids with amino acids and proteins: An ESR study
Authors: Schaich Karen M. , Karel Marcus 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFree radical transfer from oxidizing methyl linoleate to amino acids and proteins was studied in dry model systems incubated for periods up to 20 days. Electron spin resonance was used to study free radical production. Free radicals were detectable in the amino acids lysine, arginine, histidine, tryptophan, and cysteine. Reduced glutathione and, to a limited extent, cystine also gave free radical signals. Free radicals produced in proteins primarily showed central singlet lines, attributable to carbon‐centered radicals, with g=2.004±0.001. Sulfhydryl proteins also exhibited downfield shoulders at g≄2.015 and 2.023 that were essentially identical to peaks observed in cysteine and reduced glutathione. The field positions of sulfur resonance in cysteine and proteins suggested a sulfur‐oxygen complex rather than thiyl radicals.