bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foams as Mobility Control Agents for Oil Recovery by Gas Displacement
Authors: Llave F. M. , Chung F. T-H. , Louvier R. W. , Hudgins D. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Experimental studies were conducted to facilitate understanding of the behavior of foam flow and its application in gas flooding processes. This paper presents the results of studies that involved: (1) foam flow behavior in smooth capillary tubes and packed glass tubes; (2) effects of changes in injection rates on foam performance; (3) effects of foams on unsteady state gas-liquid relative permeabilities; and (4) effects of foams on improving gas sweep efficiency.
The apparent viscosities and mobilities of foams flowing through smooth capillaries and packed glass tubes were measured. The experiments were designed to observe and quantify the behavior of foam under various conditions including foam quality, shear rate, surfactant concentration, and temperature. The bubble size distribution of pregenerated foam was measured to determine the contribution of foam texture to its flow behavior. Experimental results were evaluated using available mathematical models developed for predicting apparent viscosities of foam in smooth capillary tubes and packed glass tubes.
Coreflooding experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of variations in injection rates on foam performance as a mobility control agent. Results of the experiments showed that higher injection rates of nitrogen displacing a surfactant solution resulted in foam generation that contributed to a significant increase in sustained pressure gradient across the core. The unsteady state method was used to study the effects of foam injection on gas-liquid relative permeabilities and improving sweep efficiency in Berea sandstone cores. The presence of foam resulted in a significant reduction of the permeability of the core to gas. The ability of a foam of known texture to sustain differential pressures across a core in the absence of flow was also determined. Using a parallel coreflood setup, fluid flow was preferentially diverted from a high-permeability core to a low-permeability core.
History Matching of a Heavy-Oil Combustion Pilot in Romania
Authors: Petit H. J-M. , Le Thiez P. , Lemonnier P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Many papers have been published in recent years on the numerical modeling of in-situ combustion. They have mainly dealt with numerical formulations, but very few have been devoted to field history-match, especially concerning heavy-oil.
Among the fields exploited by in-situ combustion, Suplacu de Barcau in Romania, with its very high-viscosity oil (2000 mPa.s at reservoir conditions), offers an interesting case for bringing out the main difficulties encountered during history-matching with a 3D in-situ combustion simulator.
This paper describes the different phases of the numerical study made on the initial 5-spot pattern using a compositional thermal model. An effort was made to simulate the reaction aspects in radial geometry (ignition phase and propagation of the combustion front) and then to perform 3D match of production data.
The different choices concerning the description of the reservoir, the definition of the kinematic parameters related to the laboratory tests performed and the numerical parameters are described. In spite of various uncertainties as to the pilot test data and the reservoir description, it was possible to: (1) obtain very good agreement for the propagation of the combustion front and the temperature distribution; and (2) reproduce the oil and gas production curves and the injection pressure.
An Evaluation of Cubic Equations of State for Phase Behavior Calculations Near Miscibility Conditions
Authors: Danesh A. , Xu Dong-Hai , Todd A. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The paper presents results from vapour-liquid equilibrium experiments simulating gas injection processes, using 25-component fluids as black and volatile oils. Gases were added to the oil to approach the system to the critical point (miscibility) and the volume, density and compositions of equilibrated phases were measured at various levels of pressure and added gases. The measured near miscibility data as well as pertinent literature data have been used to evaluate the reliability of EOS modelling. It is shown that whilst certain EOS are capable of predicting the phase behaviour at these conditions, others, including some widely used equations, can give unreliable results. The predicted volumes of equilibrated phases are shown to be particularly inaccurate with deviations over 100%. A volume translation method, based on equilibrium ratios, has been proposed to improve the predicted phase density for mixtures near critical point. The significance of input compositional and volumetric data for accurate phase behaviour prediction near miscibility is demonstrated.
An Expert System for Casing String Design
Authors: Jellison M. J. , Klementich E. F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the design and implementation of a rules-based expert system for casing string design. The expert system functions as a front end to a sophisticated, technically-robust tubular design and analysis model which is capable of generating a minimum cost-safe casing string design considering both API load capacity and von Mises equivalent stress-intensity criteria. Consequently, the extensive input parameters required for such a computer model are greatly reduced.
Based on a limited number of input parameters, the expert system generates service conditions which depend on the function of the casing string – conductor, surface, protective, production, etc., design criteria including material grades and connectors, and hole diameters for buckling considerations.
General well information provided by the designer to the expert system consists of the well type – Exploratory or Development, to set the gas kick tolerance, the geology type – hard rock or recent sediments, to set the fracture gradient parameters, and the drilling environment – onshore or offshore, to adjust the fracture gradients and set the design criteria.
After execution of the expert system, the designer can either transparently let the casing model design the string or review the data created by the expert system. Of course if desired, the user can modify, delete, and/or add additional parameters to the casing model created with the expert system.
The benefit to the user of the expert input system for casing string design is a rapid and consistent generation of the standard input parameters for the sophisticated structural design and analysis program, allowing the well designer more time for actual well planning and review functions.
A 3D Integrated Structure for Computer-Aided Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Touffait Y. , Beucher H. , Guerillot D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
An accurate understanding of the internal architecture of a reservoir is required to improve oil recovery forecasts.
This article describes a software which gives 3D images of this architecture using conditional geostatistical simulations and provides tools to study the influence of these lithological descriptions on fluid flow behavior.
This software establishes the link between wells data and fluid flow reservoir simulators. Each step of this interactive and graphic system is explained here: –geological and geostatistical analysis to characterize a suitable model for the following steps,–conditional geostatistical simulations giving a lithological description of the internal heterogeneities on high resolution grids,–quantification of the reservoir assigning petrophysical values to each lithofacies grid cell (porosity and absolute permeability tensor),–scaling up methods computing in a cost effective way the averaged petrophysical values associated to reservoir simulator grid cells.
This new software concept which integrates multidisciplinary methods helps production geologists, geostatisticians, applied mathematicians and reservoir engineers to work in the same environment.
Bluepack 3-D and Its Use in the Petroleum Industry
Authors: Renard R. D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
It is now 15 years since the first research version of BLUE-PACK 3-D was developed at the Centre de Geostatistique of the Paris School of Mines in Fontainebleau (France). It has taken 15 years time to test and adapt the results of Prof Matheron's works to the industrial world. Today BLUE-PACK 3-D is considered as the leading product for applied geostatistics by the major petroleum companies as well as major institutions in other fields of Earth Resource Management such as oceanography, hydrogeology, forestry, dredging, mining… The purpose of this paper is to review the features included in the latest version of the package (Release VI) and to illustrate how it is used for kriging (i.e. estimation) and for simulating spatially distributed variables.
Petroleum Computing in the 1990's: The Case for Industry Standards
Authors: Schwager R. E. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The petroleum industry has reached a point where significant breakthroughs in future computer-related productivity gains are constrained by currently implemented computer systems and applications software. This paper discusses in detail the problems associated with these existing petroleum software systems, leading to specifications for enhancements and the relevant industry standards required to solve those problems. In addition, the pros and cons of a "multi-company consortium" will be weighed as the most cost-effective means of developing a true petroleum industry standard for technical computing.
Fully Implicit Black-Oil Simulation on Personal Computers
Authors: Qi Y. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
For many difficult reservoir simulation problems, the fully implicit black-oil models are the only efficient and viable means to the solution. Because of their stringent demands on computer's power, the fully implicit simulators are generally run on mini, main or super computers. However, the current trend of 32-bit microprocessors being used in the main-stream Personal Computers(PC) opens a new horizon for reservoir simulation applications. This paper examines the feasibility of a fully implicit black-oil simulator run on these PCs. The simulator uses a general black-oil formulation and can solve 3-dimensioual. 3-phase problems with multi-layered wells.
Two aspects which affect the applicability of personal computer environment in reservoir simulation are addressed. First, various considerations for model's efficiency in program design and coding are discussed. Second, the model's performance and requirements on different PC systems are compared. The calculation examples show that the fully implicit black-oil model presented can be run efficiently on the current i386 type of PCs for problems up to several thousands grid blocks. For putting the advances of personal computer environment in perspective, some runs made on the new IBM RISC/6000 320 desktop are also presented.
Two-Phase Linear Fluid Flow Modeling for In Situ Combustion
Authors: Thurnau D.H. 
Published: December 2007

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers Inc.

Background
Considerable experimental and theoretical effort has been devoted to understanding the heat flow and stoichoimetric problems associated with the underground combustion process of oil recovery. Results of these efforts have been vital to success in the engineering of field applications of underground combustion.
Continued success in applying this process to diverse petroleum reservoirs would be aided by a quantitative understanding of the associated fluid flow phenomena. Semiquantitative notions about the oil displacement mechanisms and the nature of the "oil bank" are presently employed in the evaluation of underground presently employed in the evaluation of underground combustion prospects. A quantitative delineation of the fluid flow aspects would facilitate better engineering predictions of:
Injectivity history (compressor requirements), Sweep pattern, Fuel content dependence on air flux.
A reasonably complete theoretical treatment of the in situ combustion process would require simultaneous solution of the heat flow, distillation, and three-phase fluid flow problems. Further, this should be done for a multidimensional medium which is not necessarily homogeneous or isotropic. While it is perfectly feasible to develop the necessary equations for such a model, their general solution was much too ambitious an undertaking for the computing capacity available when this work was begun.
We therefore confined this effort to exploring the numerical methods required and to becoming familiar with the displacement mechanisms that would be evidenced in the solution of a greatly simplified mathematical model. Specifically, the following restrictions were adopted:
Two-phase fluid flow (oil and air only). No distillation effects. Temperature profiles obtained from an independent study of the associated heat-flow problem.
To provide a basis for evaluating the results of the model study, a special laboratory tube run experiment was conducted. Here the sandpack was initially saturated with oil only, omitting the usual "connate" water. During burning, the only water present was the water of combustion. The experiments were conducted under psuedo-adiabatic conditions for which temperature distributions are known.
Improved Technique Developed for Acidizing Gas Producing and Injection Wells
Authors: Justice W.H. , Nielsen Jens P. 
Published: December 2007

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 195, 1952, pages 285–288.

Abstract
This paper describes an improved acidizing technique which has been applied in acidizing gas wells in the La Gloria field. Wells acidized in this manner exhibited a much greater increase in deliverability than wells acidized in the conventional manner. The acid is injected into the well in small slugs separated by a small volume of high pressure gas. The acid and gas are displaced from the tubing by high pressure gas to reduce the hydrostatic head on the well when the acid is recovered from the well. The well is opened for production as soon as the acid and gas are displaced. This procedure permits a very rapid recovery of the acid which results in large increases in the deliverability of the gas wells.
It has been found advantageous in the acidization of gas injection wells to inject the high pressure gas directly after the acid without backflowing the acid out of the well. This practice has made it possible to inject the gas in the injection wells of this field with a much lower pressure differential. This reduces the horse-power required to inject the gas and also decreases the number of injection wells required per reservoir.

Introduction
Results obtained by acidizing gas wells in the La Gloria field have varied considerably in the past. For this reason, a planned study of the acidizing procedure was undertaken in order to obtain more consistent results.
The Frio Sands of the La Gloria field are rather permeable and it was not necessary to acidize many of the wells when they were originally completed. At the completion of an eight year cycling program in several of the gas reservoirs, it became necessary to recomplete many wells in other reservoirs. It was found that the open flow potential of the wells recompleted in different sands was not as large as wells that were originally completed in that reservoir.
A study of the drilling records of several of these wells indicated that the sands had originally been subjected to considerable hydrostatic drilling fluid overload while the well was being drilled to the deeper sands of the field. It is indicated that during this eight year period, the drilling mud and water that were lost into the formation when the well was being drilled had formed a relatively impermeable zone around the well bore. This impermeable zone around the well bore made it very difficult to obtain high deliverability wells when the original wells are recompleted in other zones.
Use of a Dynamic Two-Phase Pipe Flow Simulator in Blowout Kill Planning
Authors: Rygg O. B. , Gilhuus T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An underground blowout in Norwegian North Sea exploration well 2/4-14 was successfully killed by pumping heavy mud into the well from a relief well. As part of the kill planning, simulations by use of the dynamic two-phase pipe flow simulator OLGA were performed. The code, originally developed for two-phase hydrocarbon flow in pipelines and risers, was modified to handle injection of kill fluids and inflow from the reservoir. This paper presents the principles for the kill simulator, the results of the simulations and how these results were used in the design of the kill operation. Finally a comparison with observed data are presented.
Processing of Turbodrill Rotating Speed Signal with an Adaptive Noise Canceller
Authors: Liang Huaqing , Shao Zhongwu , Chai Qinzhong 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A method for detection of weak turbodrill rotating speed signal is proposed on the basis of theoretical analysis and field test of the interference in mud channel through which the signal is transmitted from downhole to the surface. This method uses an adaptive noise canceller (ANC) to eliminate the strong pump interference and determines the speed through power spectrum peak detection. The principle of ANC is explained in detail. Computer simulation and laboratory tests have demonstrated the feasibility of a signal processor thus constructed.
New Rheological Correlation for Cement Slurries as a Function of Temperature
Authors: Ravi K. M. , Sutton D. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents results of a study conducted to determine the effects of elevated temperatures and pressures on cement slurry rheological properties. New correlations developed from this study provide a more accurate means for predicting friction pressures which might be encountered in actual cementing operations. Currently, there are no correlations available in the literature or being used in the industry which consider the effects of temperature and pressure on cement slurry rheology. The new correlation expands on the modified Bingham Plastic model introduced by Shah and Sutton.1 The critical fluid properties required for the pressure drop correlation, plastic viscosity and yield point, are shown to be influenced significantly by temperature. As a prerequisite to measuring cement slurry rheology accurately under temperature and pressure conditions, a new viscometer was designed and constructed. The new viscometer operates using the same principles as a conventional rotational viscometer, but slurry can be circulated and conditioned as it is heated and pressurized.
The study shows that when compared to temperature effects, pressure effects on rheological properties of cement slurries can be neglected. However more work needs to be done to confirm pressure effects. The temperature effects have been correlated and are presented in this paper.
A Method for Combined Jet and Mechanical Drilling
Authors: Butler T. , Fontana P. , Otta R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A method has been developed for jet assisted mechanical drilling with fluid pressures of up to 34,000 PSI. This paper will present the most recent drilling results of an ultra-high pressure drilling system that integrates with existing drilling equipment, to provide two (2) fluid steams to the drill bit, one of which is highly pressurized. High rates of penetration over conventional drilling rates have been observed from field drilling results. Based on the most current field drilling projects, this paper will present details concerning the method for combined jet and mechanical drilling as well as actual field drilling results.
The Technical Ladder: A Historic Perspective
Authors: Sauer E. R. , White T. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
While the concept of a technical ladder did not originate in the petroleum industry, it had an early introduction in 1946. The petroleum industry was not only a pioneer in its implementation and development, but an avid practitioner of its use, growth and success.
This paper recounts its introduction, development, changes in emphasis, reasons for success and disappointment, in hopes that such examination may lead to greater acceptance and more meaningful motivation of professional employees in times that differ materially from those in which the technical ladder emanated.
Multiscale Representation for Simultaneous Estimation of Relative Permeabilities and Capillary Pressure
Authors: Chardaire-Riviere C , Chavent G , Jaffre J. , Jun Liu 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper proposes an improvement in a numerical method for the simultaneous determination of relative permeabilities and capillary pressure. It uses the results of only one laboratory flooding test performed under representative reservoir conditions. Relative permeabilities and capillary pressure axe estimated by using a least-squares technique after the one-dimensional saturation equation has been solved. The experimental data required are the outlet production, the pressure drop between the two faces and (or) local saturation profiles measured at different times in the sample.
The improvement described in this paper enables relative permeabilities and capillary pressure to be determined simultaneously as piecewise linear functions, thus eliminating the need for any closed-form formula representation. This improvement consists of the use of a multiscale approach to represent the parameters, coupled with a scale-by-scale optimization.
The validity of the method is first demonstrated with simulated data. With the multiscale approach, the minimization procedure converges in cases when standard parametrization fails to do so. Secondly, the method is applied to immiscible two-phase flow experiment. Very good matching is obtained.
Liquid Distributions in Porous Rock Examined by Cryo Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Sutanto E. , Davis H. T. , Scriven L. E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Determination of oil and water distributions in the pore space of reservoir rock is important in oil recovery. Several indirect methods, such as testing wettability of mineral surfaces, assessing capillary pressure and relative permeability behavior, and measuring electrical resistivity, have been practiced to estimate the oil and water distribution in porous rock. However, a direct method of determining liquid distributions in situ has been lacking.
Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) provides a means of visualizing oil and water in the individual pore segments of a porous rock. The liquid-bearing rock is frozen and kept cold at about 100 K. The frozen sample is then fractured, coated with evaporated chromium, and examined in a scanning electron microscope. Secondary and backscattered electron images and x-ray maps of the fracture surface identify the locations of oil and water in the exposed section of the pore space. Sometimes complementary fracture surfaces can be imaged. Series of the backscattered electron images illuminate the mechanisms of oil-water displacement in strongly water-wet and mixed-wet sandstones.
Vertical Permeability Measurement in New Reservoirs Using Tidal Pressure Changes
Authors: Wannell M. J. , Morrison S. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A new method of measuring vertical permeability is presented and successfully tested with field data. It takes advantage of naturally induced tidal pressure changes that occur in all reservoirs and can therefore be used at the appraisal stage. A single well drilled through a gas liquid contact is required - ideally in an offshore field. The pore volume compressibility is also measured using tidal data and compared with core measurements.