bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal tracheal perforation
Authors: McLEOD B. J. , SUMNER E. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTracheal perforation following intubation in the neonatal period is rarely reported but is a serious complication that should be considered whenever difficulty in ventilation, surgical emphysema or pneumothoraces appear following intubation. Management includes the immediate and skilled replacement of the tube within the tracheal lumen and control of the air leak. Factors which increase the likelihood of occurrence of perforation are discussed.
Ro 15‐1788 for postoperative recovery
Authors: WOLFF J. , CARL P. , CLAUSEN T. G. , MIKKELSEN B. O. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryIn a double‐blind randomised study, 100 women who underwent induced abortion under midazolam anaesthesia were given the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15‐1788 or placebo after termination of anaesthesia. Recovery was assessed by means of a modified Steward coma scale. Following incremental doses of Ro 15‐1788, 56% of the patients were fully awake within 3 minutes and 92% after 5 minutes, which was significant compared to the placebo group. The median duration of amnesia was 91 minutes after Ro 15‐1788 compared to 121 minutes in the placebo group (p<0.001). The median dose of Ro 15‐1788 was 0.4 mg. A slight positive correlation between total dose of Ro 15‐1788 and total amount of midazolam was found. Nausea and/or vomiting were found to be more frequent in the Ro 15‐1788 group, hut otherwise we, found no differences between groups with regard to either side effects or cardiorespiratory function. Ro 15‐1788 is evidently an effective antagonist to the sedation induced by midazolam.
Severe upper airway obstruction and difficult intubation in cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: DRENGER B. , ZIDENBAUM M. , REIFEN E. , LEITERSDORF E. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryUpper airway obstruction in cicatricial pemphigoid is rarely seen by the anaesthetist. A case of severe dyspnoea due to progressive laryngeal obstruction is presented. Tracheal intubation during induction of general anaesthesia for permanent tracheostomy was extremely difficult and was successfully performed by introducing a size 12 French suction catheter through the stenotic laryngeal orifice. Adequate ventilation was achieved by using the oxygen flush valve to deliver oxygen intermittently through the catheter.
Dinamap arm and thigh arterial pressure measurement
Authors: GOLDTHORP S. L. , CAMERON A. , ASBURY A. J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTwo automatic arterial pressure monitors (Model 1846 P) were used in 30 patients to measure arterial pressures and heart rates in the thigh and arm. Significant differences were found in thigh‐arm sytolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic pressures (p < 0.05). Arm pressures could be predicted from leg pressures and correction factors are suggested. Mean pressures in the thigh approximated more closely to the calculated mean pressures than in the arm. These differences were of little clinical importance.
The stability of preservative‐free morphine in plastic syringes
Authors: BRAY R. J. , DAVIES P. A. , SEVIOUR J. A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe stability of preservative‐free morphine in plastic syringes over 36 hours in the range of concentrations commonly used in our hospital to provide continuous morphine infusions was investigated. The morphine concentration remained at 100% (SD 1.5 percent) of the control values over 36 hours and demonstrates that the concentration of morphine is not reduced with time in these circumstances.
Clinical automatic control of neuromuscular blockade
Authors: ASBURY A. J. , LINKENS D. A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA simple feedback control technique has been used to automatically deliver pancuronium to anaesthetised surgical patients. The dosage rate is automatically adjusted at 10‐second intervals, according to the measured evoked, rectified, integrated electromyogram. When set to demand 80 percent blockade, in 40 patients. the controller maintained blockade at a steady mean level of 72.9 percent (consuming pancuronium at a mean rate of 0.47 μg/kg/minute). The main clinical practical problems involved protection against electrical noise and the need to spend time setting up the equipment.
Suxamethonium‐induced hyperkalaemia following cold injury
Authors: LAYCOCK J. R. D. , LOUGHMAN E. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryWithin the space of 9 days, a 4‐month‐old baby requiring cardiac surgery was exposed to two periods of hypothermic circulatory arrest for surgery, and prolonged surface cooling postoperatively. At the end of this period, the administration of suxamethonium was associated with a marked rise in serum potassium.
Survey of alarms in an intensive therapy unit*
Authors: O'CARROLL T. M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe origin and frequency of alarm soundings in a general purpose intensive therapy unit were recorded by the nursing staff for 3 weeks. Only eight out of a total of 1455 soundings indicated potentially life threatening problems. There were many false alarms from the monitoring system and the infusion rate pump. The overall frequency of soundings varied little by day or night. There is a need for a graded system of alarms to reflect the priority of the disturbance detected.
Cardiac dysrhythmias during oral surgery. Comparison of hyoscine and droperidol premedication
Authors: Smith D.C. , O'Connell P. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias during inpatient dental anaesthesia under halothane was studied following either hyoscine or droperidol as a supplement to papaveretum for premedication. Forty‐three percent of patients given hyoscine exhibited cardiac dysrhythmias compared to 23 percent of the group given droperidol (p = 0.03). The incidence of dysrhythmias bore no relationship to the age. sex or weight of the patient. nor to the end tidal carbon dioxide tension.
Cardiac surgery in Jehovah's witnesses. A review of 36 cases
Authors: Henderson A.M. , Maryniak J.K. , Simpson J.C. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryBetween January 1971 and January 1985, 31 Jehovah's witnesses underwent 24 bypass and 12 non‐bypass cardiothoracic operations at the National Heart Hospital. Fifty‐eight% of the group were under 16 years of age. There was one death in the non‐bypass group unrelated to blood loss. Six deaths occurred in the bypass group. In one of these, blood loss contributed to the cause of death and in two patients. blood loss was directly related to the cause of death. The anaesthetic management of Jehovah's witnesses undergoing cardiac surgery is discussed.
Nitrous oxide in early human pregnancy
Authors: CRAWFORD J. S. , LEWIS M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAn analysis of the outcome of 375 cases (383 fetuses) of cervical cerclage and 58 other operations (59 fetuses) conducted under general anaesthesia, which included the administration of nitrous oxide, failed to reveal a single instance of which nitrous oxide could have been clearly indicted as a cause of fetal abnormality The incidence of inevitable abortion and of low birth weight babies in the series of cervical cerclage conducted under general anaesthesia was identical to that in a series conducted under regional analgesia (115 fetuses). This represents the first of a two‐part test of the proposition that nitrous oxide should not be administered to women in the first or second trimester. Our interim conclusion is that the proposition is unacceptable.
Vecuronium and atracurium infusions during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: DENNY N. M. , KNEESHAW J. D. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTwo similar groups of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting received either atracurium or vecuronium infusions for neuromuscular blockade. Both groups demonstrated a marked reduction in neuromuscular blocking requirements during hypothermic bypass at 30 C. The ratio of the dose rates at 30 C to that at 37 C was signijicantly less with vecuronium (p<0.01).
The management of labour using continuous lumbar epidural analgesia in a patient with a malignant cerebral tumour
Authors: Goroszeniuk T. , Howard R. S. , Wright J. T. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA mother presented at 28 weeks with epileptiform convulsions which were due to a malignant cerebral tumour. Labour and delivery at 34 weeks were managed under epidural analgesia. The infant was healthy, but the mother died several days later following cerebral decompression.
Pompe's disease and anaesthesia
Authors: McFARLANE H.J. , SONI N. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA case report of a child with Pompe's disease (glycogen storage disease Cori type II), who underwent two general anaesthetics, is presented. The progressive infiltration of heart and skeletal muscle with glycogen results in a severe form of cardiomyopathy and respiratory muscle weakness. Consequently, there are significant problems in the anaesthetic management of these patients. Although there are theoretical attractions for some anaesthetic drugs, the key factors in a successful outcome are attention to anaesthetic technique and close monitoring.
Patient‐controlled analgesia
Authors: OWEN H. , GLAVIN R. J. , REEKIE R. M. , TREW A. S. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTwo modern patient‐controlled analgesia pumps have been evaluated in the laboratory and in clinical use. Both machines generally performed satisfactorily and patients achieved good pain relief from self‐administered morphine. The relative merits of the two pumps are discussed and although the on demand analgesic computer is preferred, a substantial investment of time on the ward is required to provide continuous patient‐controlled analgesia.
Acute respiratory failure following lithium intoxication
Authors: LAWLER P. G. , COVE‐SMITH J. R. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTwo patients suffering from severe lithium poisoning (blood level > 4 mmol/litre) were treated by haemodialysis. Both patients developed delayed respiratory failure, with the characteristics of adult respiratory distress syndrome, at a time when lithium levels had fallen below 2 mmol/litre. We recommend early respiratory support in the treatment of severe lithium intoxication.
Intravenous fluids in minor surgery. Their effect on recovery from anaesthesia
Authors: Keane P.W. , Murray P.F. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe value of infusing a total of 2 litres of intravenous fluids intra‐ and postoperatively was assessed in 212 fasting patients undergoing minor surgery procedures. The treated patients (108) recovered from the effects of surgery and anaesthesia more quickly than patients without fluids (104). The results of improved quality of the postoperative recovery, a shorter hospital stay and earlier return to work, especially in those patients who had some difficulty in recovering from anaesthesia on previous occasions, encourages the more frequent use of intravenous fluids in minor surgery.
Plasma histamine levels following atracurium
Authors: BARNES P. K. , de RENZY‐MARTIN N. , THOMAS V. J. E. , WATKINS J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryPlasma histamine levels were determined in 41 patients, 1.5 and 4 minutes after the intravenous administration of 0.6 mg/kg of atracurium. Clinical features of histamine release were sought at the time of blood sampling. Sixteen patients had elevation of plasma histamine 2.6 (SD 1.2) ng/ml 1.5 minutes after the injection of atracurium. Plasma histamine had returned to control levels at 4 minutes. There was a poor correlation between plasma histamine levels and the clinical manifestations observed. We conclude that atracurium has a low plasma histamine release potential and that cutaneous reactions after atracurium do not always indicate that plasma histamine levels are elevated.
Epidural anaesthesia in von Hippel‐Lindau disease
Authors: MATTHEWS A. J. , HALSHAW J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe management of childbirth, including epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section is described in a patient with von Hippel‐Lindau disease. The reasons for the choice of epidural anaesthesia are explained and the anaesthetic significance of the disease is discussed.
Continuous infusion epidural analgesia in obstetrics
Authors: Ewen A. , Mcleod D. D. , Macleod D. M. , Campbell Alison , Tunstall M. E. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe effects of 0.08% (Group A) and0.25% (Group B) solutions of bupivacaine were compared in a random manner, to assess continuous pump infusion epidural analgesia in labour. Both solutions were infused at a dose rate of 20 mg bupivacaine/hour. The results in all the mothers who had received infusions lasting more than 4 hours were studied. There were 25 11 Group A and 28 in Group B. Any treatment during the infusion epidural for inadequate analgesia, hypotension, etc., was recorded as an intervention. The mean of the intervention‐free intervals n>as significantly greater in Group A than in Group B. and significantly fewer top‐up injections were required in Group.4. The results show that the administration of a 0.08% solution of bupivacaine into the epidural space by continuous pump infusion is more labour saving than the infusion of a 0.25% solution. The concept that a greater volume infusion rate maintains a more extended liquid sleeve of local anaesthetic in the epidural space is supported.
Assisted ventilation and the Servo ventilator in infants
Authors: Bingham R. M. , Hatch D. J. , Helms P. J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA laboratory assessment was made of systems used for Continuous Positive Airway Pressurel lntermittent Mandatory Ventilation (Cpapiimv) with the Servo 900B and 900C ventilators. Pressure‐volume loops recorded during sine wave oscillation using an external Cpapiimv system were similar to those found during normal respiration. Pressure‐volume loops using the systems based on the ventilator's inbuilt trigger mechanism were very djflerent. particularly for the 900B. The results were conjirmed by measurements in two infants. The implications of these jindings with reference to the weaning of infants from mechanical ventilation are discussed.
Monitoring EEG frequency and amplitude during cardiac surgery
Authors: Murray A. , Glaria A. P. , Pearson D. T. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryChanges in the electroencephalograms of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were studied. An analysis technique with a simple display of amplitude and frequency within the traditional bands was used. During the course qf an operation, there can be dramatic changes in frequency contribution with little or no change in overall EEG amplitude. Evaluation of the results shows that this technique clearly draws attention to periods of EEG change, and examples are given.
A new device for the inflation of the antigravity suit
Authors: Brodrick P. M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe 'Schuro’orthopaedic tourniquet inflator catl be simply converted into a suitable device for inflating an antigravity suit (G‐suit). The antigravity suit may be used on neurosurgical patients undergoing procedures in the sitting position to help prevent hypotension and air embolism. The availability of this device may encourage the more widespread use of an antigravity suit in neuro‐anaesthetic practice.
Obstetric anaesthetic services in Scotland in 1982
Authors: Scott D. B. , Aitken R. E. G. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA recent survey of Scottish obstetric anaesthesia practice revealed that the majority of deliveries take place in the larger hospitals; these also have the highest epidural rates, both for relief of pain in labour and for Caesarean section. However, as epidural blockade is an essential part of modern obstetric practice, it is a matter of concern to achieve an equal standard in the medium‐sized hospitals, whilst accepting that special arrangements are required in the very small obstetric hospitals.
Alfentanil supplemented anaesthesia for short procedures
Authors: COLLIN R. I. W. , DRUMMOND G. B. , SPENCE A. A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThirty‐nine unpremedicated patients who presented for cystoscopy were given either alfentanil or saline in a random double‐blind fashion immediately before anaesthesia with etomidate, nitrous oxide and enflurane. Alfentanil significantly reduced myoclonus associated with etomidate. During anaesthesia, patients who received alfentanil had smaller minute volumes, lower respiratory frequencies, and smaller increases in heart rate. The incidence of apnoea was not significantly increased. After operation, patients who received alfentanil were prescribed significantly more analgesia, possibly because of their reduced uptake of volatile anaesthetic agent: It is concluded that supplementation with alfentanil improves the quality of anaesthesia induced with etomidate.
Premedication with cimetidine and metoclopramide
Authors: PANDIT S. K. , KOTHARY S. P. , PANDIT UMA A. , MIRAKHUR R. K. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled parallel study was conducted in adult females to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of cimetidine 300 mg orally and metoclopramide 10 or 20 mg intravenously in reducing pre‐operative residual gastric volume and raising gastric pH. The effect of pre‐operative metoclopramide on postoperative nausea and vomiting was also investigated. Oral cimetidine was given approximately 2–2.5 hours before, and intravenous metoclopramide either 15 or 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. The study showed that placebo‐treated patients undergoing outpatient operations have an increased risk of acid aspiration because of high residual gastric volume and low pH and increased risk of serious pulmonary injury should acid aspiration occur. Metoclopramide 10 or 20 mg intravenously prior to induction of anaesthesia was effective in reducing the residual gastric volume significantly, but not in raising pH. The combination of cimetidine and metoclopramide, as well as cimetidine alone, reduced the risk factors of acid aspiration by raising gastric pH and reducing residual volume. No anti‐emetic effect of metoclopramide was observed. Higher doses of metoclopramide (20 mg) produced significant side effects (pushing. dizziness, extrapyramidal side effects), but were only marginally more effective than 10 mg doses in reducing residual gastric volume.
Ventricular volume and ejection fraction in the diagnosis of the aetiology of low cardiac output in burned patients
Authors: MARTYN J. A. J. , McKUSICK K. , STRAUSS H. W. , BURKE J. F. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryCardiovascular instability following burns may result from either cardiac or non‐cardiac causes. We illustrate three cases in whom routine measurements of atrial filling pressures and cardiac output alone did not reject the adequacy of blood volume or the myocardial performance. In each instance, measurements of ventricular volume and ejection fraction by thermodilution technique or 99mTC ventriculography were useful to determine the actual causes of decreased cardiac output.
A portable oxygen generator
Authors: HALL L. W. , KELLAGHER R. E. B. , FLEET K. J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe use of a portable generator which liberates oxygen from hydrogen peroxide solutions has been investigated in veterinary anaesthesia to assess its potential as an alternative to conventional oxygen supplies both in emergency situations and in the event of failure of cylinder systems. The reliability of the supply appears to be good and the operation of the generator simple, making it suitable for a number of potential uses. It should compare favourably with oxygen concentrator devices used for similar purposes.
Bromazepam as oral premedication. A comparison with lorazepam
Authors: Ponnudurai R. , Hurdley J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA double‐blind trial of bromazepam 6 mg versus lorazepam 2 mg as oral premedicant agents was undertaken. A total of 153 patients were studied; 78 received bromazepam and 75 lorazepam. Objective and subjective assessments of sedation, amnesia, nausea and vomiting were performed. No significant difference between the IWO groups was found. It was concluded that bromazepam 6 mg and lorazepam 2 mg were equally satisfactory as premedicant drugs.
Flow through intravenous cannulae
Authors: KESTIN I. G. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe flows through intravenous cannulae, generated using the test described in British Standard 4843, are presented for all the cannulae available in the United Kingdom. These flows are compared to those obtained using clinical apparatus with two different pressure gradients. The implications of these results in selecting suitable intravenous cannulae and the other factors influencing flows through cannulae are discussed.
Speed of injection and spread of bupivacaine in the epidural space
Authors: GRIFFITHS R. B. , HORTON W. A. , JONES I. G. , BLAKE D. 
Published: February 2007

SummarySpeed of injection of bupivacaine was assessed in 73 women who received epidural analgesia in labour. Rapid injection was shown to produce quicker onset of epidural block and more reliable perineal anaesthesia than slow injection, but there was no difference in the final extent of the block.
Oxygen analysers
Authors: ROE P. G. , TYLER C. K. G. , TENNANT R. , BARNES P. K. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryFive currently available fuel cell oxygen analysers were studied with a view to their use in anaesthesia. The accuracy, response time and safety features of these analysers are discussed. Fuel cell analysers appear to be suitable oxygen monitors for routine anaesthetic use.
Acute beta‐adrenoreceptor blockade and induced hypotension
Authors: SIMPSON D. L. , MACRAE W. R. , WILDSMITH J. A. W. , DALE B. A. B. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThirty patients scheduled for major middle ear surgery and induced hypotension, with a trimetaphan/sodium nitroprusside infusion, were randomly allocated to receive a single oral dose of beta‐adrenoreceptor antagonist 2 hours before surgery. In group 1 ten patients received metoprolol 50 mg, in group 2 ten patients received metoprolol 25 mg and in group 3 ten patients received oxprenolol 20 mg. There were ten controls for each group. The nitroprusside infusion rate was significantly reduced in groups 1 and 3. However, there was an unacceptably high incidence of profound bradycardia after induction of anaesthesia in those patients who had received beta‐adrenoreceptor antagonists pre‐operatively and this technique is not recommended for routine use.
Anaesthesia for combined heart and lung transplantation
Authors: SALE J. P. , PATEL D. , DUNCAN B. , WATERS J.H. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryIn December 1983, Harefield Hospital started a programme for combined heart and lung transplantation. Fifty‐two transplants have been successfully performed, with 36 survivors (April 1986). Patient selection and anaesthetic management of both donor and recipient are discussed. Two case histories are presented which illustrate the principles of anaesthetic management and postoperative care.
A comparison between the effects of fentanyl, droperidol with fentanyl, and halothane anaesthesia on intra‐ocular pressure in adults
Authors: FENECK R. O. , DURKIN M. A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe effects of fentanyl 3.0 μg/kg (group 1), droperidol 0.1 μg/kg with fentanyl 3.0 μg/kg (group 2), and halothane 0.5% inspired concentration (group 3) on intra‐ocular pressure were compared. In each group, a decrease in intra‐ocular pressure was produced which was significantly lower than resting values (p > 0.01) and was independent of changes in arterial blood pressure. The recovery time in group 1 patients was significantly less than that of patients in group 3.