bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Products as VehiclesForn-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation
Authors: Martin Lisa , Zarn Dayna , Hansen Anne Marie , Wismer Wendy , Mazurak Vera 
Published: November 2008

Purpose: An n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplement was incorporated into three food products previously determined to be preferred by cancer patients, and overall acceptability of these foods was evaluated.Methods: Preliminary testing was performed; an internal panel determined initial acceptability of foods with the supplement added. Taste panel evaluations were held at the Cross Cancer Institute in Edmonton, Alberta. Each participant completed a questionnaire rating aroma, flavour, and overall acceptance on a seven-point hedonic scale (1 = dislike extremely, 7 = like extremely), as well as ability to consume each food daily.Results: Foods were well-liked by patients and non-patients. Mean ± standard deviation acceptance scores for the three foods were pasta sauce 5.9 ± 0.94 (n = 90), oatmeal 6.1 ± 0.88 (n = 79), and smoothie 5.9 ± 1.12 (n = 126). Overall, 94% of patients and non-patients gave tomato pasta sauce, oatmeal, and the smoothie an acceptance score of at least 5.Conclusions: The supplement was incorporated successfully into three foods, which were highly accepted by patients with cancer. Further research should focus on incorporating the supplement into flavoured or sweet foods, as these appear most effective. Microencapsulated fish oil in food products may be used as an alternative to fish oil capsules for delivering n-3 PUFA in clinical trials.
Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure of IndividualsWith Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Hogan S. Eileen 
Published: November 2008

Purpose: The relationship between body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) was investigated in two boys and two men with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (ages 11 to 22.4 years) and two boys with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) (ages 7.75 and 13.75 years).Methods: The REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry; body composition indices (weight, height, skinfolds, and mid-arm circumference) were measured using standardized techniques and compared with healthy reference data.Results: Those with DMD had reduced corrected mid-upperarm muscle area (C-MUMA) in comparison with healthy peers, and approximately twice the subcutaneous fat levels of subjects with BMD and healthy peers. Boys with BMD had remarkably lower muscle status than did boys with DMD and healthy peers. In both groups, REE was lower than in healthy peers; REE was associated with body weight (r=0.85), height (r=0.92), mid-upper arm fat area (MUFA) (r=0.97), and C-MUMA (r=0.65).Conclusions: Individuals with muscular dystrophy (MD) exhibit considerable disease-specific alterations in body composition. The REE had a stronger relationship with growth (weight and height) and subcutaneous body fat composition and a weaker association with C-MUMA. Understanding the effect of MD on body composition and REE will allow dietitians to individualize energy recommendations.
Vegetable and Fruit Intake And Factors Influencing their Intake
Authors: Li Liming , Levy-Milne Ryna 
Published: November 2008

Purpose: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and an attitude/behaviour questionnaire (ABQ) were developed, and their validity and reliability were tested to determine adolescents’ vegetable and fruit (VF) intakes and factors influencing their food choices. Methods: High school students living in the lower mainland of British Columbia participated. The FFQ was adapted from the National Cancer Institute VF By-Meal screener, which was designed to be used with adults. After several focus groups with adolescents, the FFQ was revised to make it more user-friendly. The ABQ was developed after a literature review of factors influencing youth VF intake, and was based on the constructs within the Health Belief Model. Results: The FFQ was validated against a written 24-hour dietary record (correlation coefficient = 0.52). The test-retest reliability coefficient for the FFQ was 0.46. A panel of experts tested the ABQ construct validity, and changes were made as a result of the recommendations. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability of the ABQ were 0.71 and 0.59, respectively. Both questionnaires were tested for face validity with students and revised accordingly. Conclusions: Further validation of these two questionnaires against other standardized tools is required. Future studies with adolescents using these tools can guide program and resource development.
Integrating Image Perception and Time‐to‐First‐Spike Coding in MoS2 Phototransistors for Spiking Neural Network
Authors: Su Xiangwei , Zhang Bihua , Liang Caijing , Tian Maoxin , Zhang Tianjiao , Bian Zheng , Miao Jialei , Yang Quan , Xu Yang , Yu Bin , Chai Yang , Lin Peng , Zhao Yuda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHuman vision system remains alert for dangers and adopts high‐speed and low‐power coding methods to convert the image information to spike signals. To meet the demand for danger alert in machine vision, it is important to design intelligent sensors to integrate the functions of image perception and high‐efficiency coding for high‐priority analysis. Inspired by the human visual system, a MoS2 phototransistor is introduced on SiNx substrate enabling simultaneous image perception and time‐to‐first‐spike (TTFS) coding. The device demonstrates exceptional performance in encoding 3‐bit grayscale images, achieving a low mean squared error of 0.008 and a high structural similarity index of 0.9784. Spiking neural networks (SNN) with TTFS coding achieve high recognition accuracy (98.86%) while reducing spike count by 75%. The device array also perceives motion direction and object states by converting data temporally. This work establishes a hardware foundation to promote the performance of SNNs in efficiently identifying crucial information.
Alignment Controlled Aramid Nanofiber‐Assembled Films
Authors: Tu Ruowen , Kim Hyun Chan , Baabdullah Osama A.H. , Sodano Henry A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAramid nanofibers (ANFs) are a strong and heat‐resistant nanomaterial that can be isolated from commercial para‐aramid fibers, which allow a bottom‐up self‐assembly to form ordered macroscale structures like ANF films. However, the anisotropic nature of high aspect ratio ANFs is not fully exploited when fabricating ANF films for the optimal mechanical properties. In this research, direct ink writing (DIW) is applied to produce ANF‐assembled films with arbitrary shapes, and the shear‐induced alignment of ANFs can follow the printing path direction. Therefore, controlled alignment of ANFs following the computer‐programmed printing pattern is achieved by DIW, which provides a path for the application of topology and nanofiber alignment optimization in nanofiber‐assembled films. In addition, the resulting DIW ANF films exhibit outstanding Young's modulus of 8.39 GPa, tensile strength of 198 MPa, and tensile toughness of 19.4 MJ m−3 in the alignment direction, together with a wide working temperature range up to 440 °C without losing 50% of its room temperature storage modulus. Moreover, the demonstrated self‐joining ability, rollability, and lamination processability of the DIW ANF films expand their potential applications toward high‐temperature ultrathin tubes, substrates for flexible printed circuit boards, and three‐dimensional all‐ANF lightweight structural parts in extreme environments.
3D Carbon Allotropes: Topological Quantum Materials with Obstructed Atomic Insulating Phases, Multiple Bulk‐Boundary Correspondences, and Real Topology
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Zhang Qianwen , Cheng Xia , Wang Wenhong , Qian Shifeng , Cheng Zhenxiang , Zhang Gang , Wang Xiaotian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study of topological phases with unconventional bulk‐boundary correspondences and nontrivial real Chern number has garnered significant attention in the topological states of matter. Using the first‐principle calculations and theoretical analysis, a high‐throughput material screening of the 3D obstructed atomic insulators (OAIs) and 3D real Chern insulators (RCIs) based on the Samara Carbon Allotrope Database (SACADA) are performed. Results show that 422 out of 703 3D carbon allotropes are 3D OAIs with multiple bulk‐boundary correspondences, including 2D obstructed surface states (OSSs) and 1D hinge states, which are in 1D and 2Ds lower than the 3D bulk, respectively. The 2D OSSs in these OAIs can be modified when subjected to appropriate boundaries, which benefits the investigation of surface engineering and the development of efficient topological catalysts. These 422 OAIs, which have 2D and 1D boundary states, are excellent platforms for multi‐dimensional topological boundaries research. Remarkably, 138 of 422 OAIs are also 3D RCIs, which show a nontrivial real topology in the protection of spacetime inversion symmetry. This work not only provides a comprehensive list of 3D carbon‐based OAIs and RCIs, but also guides their application in various aspects based on multiple bulk‐boundary correspondences and real topological phases.
Accessing the O Vacancy with Anionic Redox Chemistry Toward Superior Electrochemical Performance in O3 type Na‐Ion Oxide Cathode
Authors: Tian Yinfeng , Cai Yusheng , Chen Yuanping , Jia Min , Hu Haonan , Xie Wenyong , Li Dongke , Song Hucheng , Guo Shaohua , Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnionic redox chemistry is now viewed as the effective paradigm of improving the capacity of layered oxide materials in Sodium‐ion battery. In this study, O3‐type layered oxide NaLi0.18Co0.23Ru0.59O2 (NLCR) with O redox ability is successfully synthesized via a facile solid‐state synthesis method. By manipulating the calcinate atmosphere with air and argon (sort by NLCR‐Air NLCR‐Ar respectively), a large amount of O vacancy is introduced in the NLCR‐Air cathode. NLCR‐Air with sufficient O vacancy exhibited superior rate performance which showed 87.7% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 20 C. Both NLCR‐Air and NLCR‐Ar showed activation of O redox properties which is supported by the soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS). Nevertheless, the in‐situ X‐ray diffraction and sXAS studies disclosed the O vacancy can promote the reversible phase transition and effectively suppress the irreversible O redox upon cycling. These are further supported by theoretical study which suggested a fast kinetic of Na diffusion and less electron agglomeration around the O atom for NLCR‐Air with O vacancy.The research proposed a modification strategy with extraordinary reversible O redox property within O3‐type layered cathode and offered a novel insight into understanding the anionic redox mechanism thus provide guidance of material design advanced energy storage systems.
Superhydrophobic Triboelectric Structural Materials Enabled by Hierarchical Spatial Assembly
Authors: Hou Zhuli , Liu Tao , Li Mingyang , Xu Yanniu , Wu Xunxiao , Luo Shuwen , Cai Chenchen , Mou Yakun , Qiu Yuhang , Nie Shuangxi , Lu Dengjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNon‐contact intelligent sensing technology is a key player in the data acquisition and environmental monitoring framework of the Internet of Everything, laying the groundwork for the realization of highly integrated intelligent network systems. However, environmental factors continue to be a major challenge in the process of real‐time monitoring and feedback of objects, constraining the stability and accuracy of the sensing signals. In this study, a hierarchical spatial assembly strategy is implemented to effectively integrate an intermediate energy storage layer with superhydrophobic surfaces (CA = 162 ± 2.5°), resulting in the development of a moisture‐resistant triboelectric structural materials with stable monitoring and tracking capabilities. The moisture‐resistant self‐powered sensor constructed from this triboelectric structural material operates effectively in extreme humidity conditions (99% RH) with a full‐scale output retention rate of 95.2%, and is capable of accurately sensing human activity from the distance of 3 m. Importantly, the sensor can also effectively detect vehicle states during operation and perform real‐time monitoring of the vehicle's surrounding environment. This study not only overcomes the long‐standing challenges of accuracy and stability in high humidity for sensors but also advances the development of sustainable, interconnected intelligent systems for the Internet of Everything in extreme environmental conditions.
Specific and Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework Confined Os Nanoclusterzyme for Interference‐Free and Ultrasensitive Biosensing
Authors: Zhou Pengyou , Dai Yuwei , Lin Xiaorui , Song Yuxin , Pang Yuanfeng , Chen Rui , Xiao Rui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe peroxidase (POD)‐mimic nanozymes can be a potential tool for point‐of‐care (POC) diseases diagnosis. However, the complex sample matrix and unspecific multiple‐enzyme activities of nanozyme can generate false background signal and decrease the diagnostic accuracy. Here, a magnetic and POD‐specific covalent organic framework (COF) confined osmium (Os) nanoclusterzyme Fe3O4@COF@Os is developed for biomarkers biosensing. First, found that the catalytic activity and specificity of Fe3O4@COF@Os can be regulated by the deoxidizers and the functional groups of COF ligands. By using ascorbic acid as deoxidizer and F functional COF ligands, Fe3O4@COF@Os displayed superior POD‐specific activity and negligible oxidase (OXD) and catalase (CAT) mimic activity. Therefore, Fe3O4@COF@Os can separate and analyze of targets in bio‐matrix without background interference. For application, Fe3O4@COF@Os based lateral flow assay is established for serum cancer biomarker prostate‐specific antigen, the detection limit is 3.83 pg mL−1. For clinical prostatic cancer samples, the accuracy is 100% with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 with commercial ELISA kit. For chronic disease biomarker sensing, salivary glucose can be quantified as low as 0.1 µm, with negligible background interference and favorable recyclability. This specific magnetic nanozymes can offer a promising pretreatment‐free and POC strategy for rapid and accurate diseases diagnosis.
Utilizing Shear Piezoelectricity of Chiral Lead‐Free Metal Halides for Electromechanical Sensing
Authors: Gong Yong‐Ji , An Lian‐Cai , Zhang Ying , Zhao Chen , Li Zhi‐Gang , Guo Tian‐Meng , He Min , Yu Jie , Li Wei , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChiral hybrid metal halides have emerged as a promising class of piezoelectric materials owing to their ease of synthesis, low acoustic impedance, and solution processibility. However, many known chiral halides crystalize in structures with only shear piezoelectricity which is less facile to be utilized compared with the longitudinal piezoelectricity, largely preventing their practical utility. In addressing this problem, chiral lead‐free S‐MPBiCl5 and R‐MPBiCl5 (MP = 2‐methylpiperazinium) with shear piezoelectricity are synthesized and the thin films orientating along the polarization direction are fabricated. These orientated films, characterized by numerous grains and compact grain boundaries, can effectively facilitate the grain boundary sliding to convert normal stress into shear stress, thus facilely activating the shear piezoelectricity. The resulting devices can accurately identify the position and type of ultrasound sources without the need for a complex acoustic impedance matching layer. Moreover, these devices can successfully sense delicate variations in momentum caused by table tennis balls. The findings open up a new pathway to utilize shear piezoelectricity that is normally considered unuseful of metal halides and other molecular piezoelectrics.
Fibrous Solar Evaporator with Tunable Water Flow for Efficient, Self‐Operating, and Sustainable Hydroelectricity Generation
Authors: Ge Can , Xu Duo , Song Yuhang , Liu Yingcun , Feng Xiao , Gao Chong , Chen Ze , Liu Keshuai , Sun Zhe , Fang Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConvenient and green hydroelectricity generation (HG) systems are widely studied to cope with the energy crisis. Electricity can be generated through streaming potential with merely water droplets. Nevertheless, the operational requirement of persistent water supply restricts the durability and practicality of HG. Solar‐driven steam generation with continuous and sufficient water flow has become a promising integration way to enhance HG sustainability. However, most evaporation‐accelerated hydroelectricity generators are threatened by excessive wetting decay and ionic erosion damage, which significantly impair charge accumulation and operational durability. To address this issue, a carbon black/polypyrrole decorated Tencel framework (CPF) with tunable water flow is fabricated through twisting and braiding technology. The modified water flow rate, height, and content ensure rapid ion migration, appropriate wetting boundary, and sufficient brine circulation, respectively. The aqueous flow and ion strength are optimized through the evaporation‐accelerated and desalination‐integrated HG. Hence, the CPF evaporator shows an efficient, self‐operating, and sustainable output of 0.73 V, 0.6 µA, and 2.38 kg m−2 h−1 in 3.5 wt.% brine under 1 sun radiation without salt deposition. The scalable, prolonged, and adaptable outdoor operation throughout the daytime ensures the clean production of electricity and freshwater.
Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion‐Based Photolysis: Applications in Photopharmacology
Authors: Klimezak Maxime , Chaud Juliane , Brion Anaïs , Bolze Frédéric , Frisch Benoit , Heurtault Béatrice , Kichler Antoine , Specht Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe emerging field of photopharmacology is a promising chemobiological methodology for optical control of drug activities that could ultimately solve the off‐target toxicity outside the disease location of many drugs for the treatment of a given pathology. The use of photolytic reactions looks very attractive for a light‐activated drug release but requires to develop photolytic reactions sensitive to red or near‐infrared light excitation for better tissue penetration. This review will present the concepts of triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion‐based photolysis and their recent in vivo applications for light‐induced drug delivery using photoactivatable nanoparticles.
Ultimately Adaptive Fluid Interfacial Phospholipid Membranes Unveiled Unanticipated High Cellular Mechanical Work
Authors: Lu Zhou , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Zhou Junhong , Nakanishi Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiving cells actively interact biochemically and mechanically with the surrounding extracellular matrices (ECMs) and undergo dramatic morphological and dimensional transitions, concomitantly remodeling ECMs. However, there is no suitable method to quantitatively discuss the contribution of mechanical interactions in such mutually adaptive processes. Herein, a highly deformable “living” cellular scaffold is developed to evaluate overall mechanical energy transfer between cell and ECMs. It is based on the water–perfluorocarbon interface decorated with phospholipids bearing a cell‐adhesive ligand and fluorescent tag. The bioinert nature of the phospholipid membranes prevents the formation of solid‐like protein nanofilms at the fluid interface, enabling to visualize and quantify cellular mechanical work against the ultimately adaptive model ECM. A new cellular wetting regime is identified, wherein interface deformation proceeds to cell flattening, followed by its eventual restoration. The cellular mechanical work during this adaptive wetting process is one order of magnitude higher than those reported with conventional elastic platforms. The behavior of viscous liquid drops at the air–water interface can simulate cellular adaptive wetting, suggesting that overall viscoelasticity of the cell body predominates the emergent wetting regime and regulates mechanical output. Cellular‐force‐driven high‐energy states on the adaptive platform can be useful for cell fate manipulation.
Scalable Approach to Molecular Motor‐Polymer Conjugates for Light‐Driven Artificial Muscles
Authors: Yao Xuyang , Vishnu Jude Ann , Lupfer Claudius , Hoenders Daniel , Skarsetz Oliver , Chen Weixiang , Dattler Damien , Perrot Alexis , Wang Wen‐zhi , Gao Chuan , Giuseppone Nicolas , Schmid Friederike , Walther Andreas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe integration of molecular machines and motors into materials represents a promising avenue for creating dynamic and functional molecular systems, with potential applications in soft robotics or reconfigurable biomaterials. However, the development of truly scalable and controllable approaches for incorporating molecular motors into polymeric matrices has remained a challenge. Here, it is shown that light‐driven molecular motors with sensitive photo‐isomerizable double bonds can be converted into initiators for Cu‐mediated controlled/living radical polymerization enabling the synthesis of star‐shaped motor‐polymer conjugates. This approach enables scalability, precise control over the molecular structure, block copolymer structures, and high‐end group fidelity. Moreover, it is demonstrated that these materials can be crosslinked to form gels with quasi‐ideal network topology, exhibiting light‐triggered contraction. The influence of arm length and polymer structure is investigated, and the first molecular dynamics simulation framework to gain deeper insights into the contraction processes is developed. Leveraging this scalable methodology, the creation of bilayer soft robotic devices and cargo‐lifting artificial muscles is showcased, highlighting the versatility and potential applications of this advanced polymer chemistry approach. It is anticipated that the integrated experimental and simulation framework will accelerate scalable approaches for active polymer materials based on molecular machines, opening up new horizons in materials science and bioscience.
Ultrafast Shift Current in SnS2 Single Crystals: Structure Considerations, Modeling, and THz Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Kushnir Friedman Kateryna , Khanmohammadi Sepideh , Morissette Erin M. , Doiron Curtis W. , Stoflet Roy , Koski Kristie J. , Grimm Ronald L. , Ramasubramaniam Ashwin , Titova Lyubov V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAbove‐band gap optical excitation of non‐centrosymmetric semiconductors can lead to the spatial shift of the center of electron charge in a process known as shift current. Shift current is investigated in single‐crystal SnS2, a layered semiconductor with the band gap of ≈2.3 eV, by THz emission spectroscopy and first principles density functional theory (DFT). It is observed that normal incidence excitation with above gap (400 nm; 3.1 eV) pulses results in THz emission from 2H SnS2 () polytype, where such emission is nominally forbidden by symmetry. It is argued that the underlying symmetry breaking arises due to the presence of stacking faults that are known to be ubiquitous in SnS2 single crystals and construct a possible structural model of a stacking fault with symmetry properties consistent with the experimental observations. In addition to shift current, it is observed THz emission by optical rectification excited by below band gap (800 nm; 1.55 eV) pulses but it requires excitation fluence more than two orders of magnitude higher to produce same signal amplitude. These results suggest that ultrafast shift current in which can be excited with visible light in blue–green portion of the spectrum makes SnS2 a promising source material for THz photonics.