bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flowable Fill as Geotechnical Material in Highway Cross-Drain Trenches
Authors: Zhang Z , Tao M 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Controlled low strength materials (CLSM), also called flowable fills, have widely been used in infrastructure construction due to their inherent merits. However, the procedure of choosing proper constituents and proportions for CLSM is based on such criteria as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), flowability, ability to be re-excavated, and subsidence.A variety of flowable fills are available in design, but few works have been devoted to the soil environment adjacent to trench backfill even though soils' properties are equally important to satisfactory performance of highway cross-drains. A wide range of UCS values existing in CLSM trench backfills causes uncertainties for practitioners in mixture designs. This technical note presents a simple procedure to select an appropriate CLSM for highway cross-drain trenches that will be compatible with adjacent subgrade/embankment soils from perspective of strength and compressibility.A mixture design example illustrates that CLSM with 28-day UCS of 410 kPa is suitable for highway trenches in Louisiana, and such CLSM is also excavatable if sequential excavation is desired.
Detecting and Quantifying Leakage Through Defective Borehole Seals: A New Methodology and Laboratory Verification
Authors: Chesnaux R , Chapuis RP 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method for quantifying leakage through poorly sealed boreholes is presented and verified using a laboratory scale sandbox experiment. The method applies to a leaky borehole between two aquifers separated by an aquitard. A nonreactive tracer is injected into an upper aquifer piezometer, and the lower aquifer is pumped at a fixed rate. First, the presence of the tracer in the recovered water indicates the existence of the hydraulic short-circuit and cross-contamination. The leakage rate associated with the pumping rate can then be determined by measurement of the recovered tracer concentration. By correlating the leakage rate with the pumping rate, the hydraulic properties of the defective seal can be determined and the degree of cross-contamination can be predicted for any pumping rate. The method will be useful for practitioners who need to evaluate the quality of a borehole seal. The method is successfully tested using a laboratory sandbox experiment.
Comparison of Different Methods for Fatigue Limit Evaluation by Means of the Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Minak G 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Different methods for the determination of the fatigue or endurance limit of metallic materials are commonly used. They provide different results and it is not possible to know a priori which is more accurate. We tested numerically a number of these methods by means of Monte Carlo simulation, so that it was possible to compare the result to the known exact value. We performed uniaxial fatigue testing as well on a steel containing nonmetallic inclusions in two different states (annealed and hardened) and on a cast aluminum alloy, and we found the fatigue limit according to the methods considered. The results obtained confirmed that in cases of materials containing inclusions or voids the application of the methods analyzed could give inaccurate results.
Patient Visits to a National Practice-Based Research Network: Comparing Pediatric Research in Office Settings With the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
Authors: Slora Eric J. , Thoma Kathleen A. , Wasserman Richard C. , Pedlow Steven E. , Bocian Alison B. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. Our objective with this study was to assess the extent to which patients who are seen by practitioners in Pediatric Research in Office Settings, a national primary care practice–based research network, are representative of those who are seen in ambulatory office–based pediatric primary care in the United States.METHODS. Pediatric Research in Office Settings patient data were collected from the offices of 57 randomly selected network practitioners as part of an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality–funded effort to describe primary care visits and replicate the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey in primary care practice–based research networks. These data were from 1706 randomly selected pediatric patient visits that occurred between March and June 2002. National comparison data were 948 randomly selected pediatric patient visits that occurred between March and June 2000 in the offices of the 33 primary care pediatric practitioners who had participated in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The groups were compared on patient demographics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, as represented by Medicaid status), visit characteristics (percentages of patients referred, practitioner designation of visit as acute versus nonacute, and continuity of care), the top patient/parent-articulated reasons for visit, and the top practitioner diagnoses.RESULTS. Comparisons revealed substantial similarities between Pediatric Research in Office Settings and national data, including gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and visit characteristics. Differences were noted for age and race, with Pediatric Research in Office Settings children approximately 1 year older and comprising a significantly lower proportion of black patients than their National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey counterparts. Although the top 6 reasons that were articulated by parents for outpatient visits in the 2 groups were remarkably similar in rank order and proportions, there were overall differences, mostly attributable to a larger number of the “other” category in the Pediatric Research in Office Settings cases. There were no significant differences among the top 5 practitioner visit diagnoses between the Pediatric Research in Office Settings and National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data.CONCLUSIONS. The Pediatric Research in Office Settings patient population is reasonably representative of patients who are seen in US ambulatory office-based pediatric primary care practices; therefore, the Pediatric Research in Office Settings is an appropriate laboratory for studies of care in such settings.
Three Croismare Documents: Weighing the Authenticity of Letters to Diderot's “Religieuse” and Mme Madin
Authors: de Croismare Marquis , Valahu Dan , Lloyd Heather 
Published: July 2006

Thus does Denis Diderot express his skepticism about whether it was actually the Marquis de Croismare, an Ostensibly Innocent player in the machinations leading to the composition of La religieuse, who replied to letters to him by Diderot and company or whether Frédéric Grimm and friends tricked Diderot into believing it was Croismare. Counterbalancing the philosophe's questioning volley is Grimm's assertion in the “Préface”:Vous voudrez bien vous souvenir que toutes ses [Madin's] lettres, ainsi que celles de sa recluse, ont été fabriquées par nous autres enfants de Bélial, et que toutes les lettres de son généreux protecteur sont véritables et ont été écrites de bonne foi, ce qu'on eut toutes les peines du monde à persuader à M. Diderot qui se croyait persiflé par le marquis et par ses amis.(Diderot, Religieuse 33)
How self‐relevant imagination affects memory for behaviour
Authors: Thomas Ayanna K. , Hannula Deborah E. , Loftus Elizabeth F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that imagination can be used to affect behaviour and also to distort memory, yet few studies have examined whether the effects of imagination on behavioural estimates and memory are related. In two experiments, the effects of imagination on self‐reported behaviour and subsequent memory for that behaviour were investigated. A comparison of behavioural estimates collected before and after imagination demonstrated that reported estimates of behaviour changed after imagination. In addition, memory for the original estimates of behaviour was also affected, suggesting that imagination may impair one's ability to remember originally reported behaviour. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the observed changes in reported behaviour were accompanied by the largest errors in memory for originally reported behaviour when participants generate images based on self‐relevant scenarios. On the other hand, memory distortion was minimized when participants read but did not imagine self‐relevant scenarios. These results have direct application to clinicians and researchers who employ imagination techniques as behavioural modifiers, and suggest that techniques that are self‐relevant but do not include imagery may be a useful alternative to imagination. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative‐Index Materials: New Frontiers in Optics
Authors: Soukoulis C. M. , Kafesaki M. , Economou E. N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA lot of recent interest has been focused on a new class of materials, the so‐called left‐handed materials (LHMs) or negative‐index materials, which exhibit highly unusual electromagnetic properties and hold promise for new device applications. These materials do not exist in nature and can only be fabricated artificially; for this reason, they are called metamaterials. Their unique properties are not determined by the fundamental physical properties of their constituents, but rather by the shape and distribution of the specific patterns included in them. Metamaterials can be designed to exhibit both electric and magnetic resonances that can be separately tuned to occur in frequency bands from megahertz to terahertz frequencies, and hopefully to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article presents a short history of the field, describes the underlying physics, and reviews the experimental and theoretical status of the field at present. Many interesting questions on how to fabricate more isotropic LHMs, on how to push the operational frequency to optical wavelengths, how to reduce the losses, and how to incorporate active or nonlinear materials in LHMs remain to be explored further.
Frontometaphyseal dysplasia: Mutations in FLNA and phenotypic diversity
Authors: Robertson Stephen P. , Jenkins Zandra A. , Morgan Timothy , Adès Lesley , Aftimos Salim , Boute Odile , Fiskerstrand Torunn , Garcia‐Miñaur Sixto , Grix Arthur , Green Andrew , Kaloustian Vazken Der , Lewkonia Ray , McInnes Brenda , van Haelst Mieke M. , Macini Grazia , Illés Tamás , Mortier Geert , Newbury‐Ecob Ruth , Nicholson Linda , Scott Charles I. , Ochman Karolina , Brożek Izabela , Shears Deborah J. , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Suri Mohnish , Whiteford Margo , Wilkie Andrew O.M. , Krakow Deborah 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFrontometaphyseal dysplasia is an X‐linked trait primarily characterized by a skeletal dysplasia comprising hyperostosis of the skull and modeling anomalies of the tubular bones. Extraskeletal features include tracheobronchial, cardiac, and urological malformations. A proportion of individuals have missense mutations or small deletions in the X‐linked gene, FLNA. We report here our experience with comprehensive screening of the FLNA gene in a group of 23 unrelated probands (11 familial instances, 12 simplex cases; total affected individuals 32) with FMD. We found missense mutations leading to substitutions in the actin‐binding domain and within filamin repeats 9, 10, 14, 16, 22, and 23 of filamin A in 13/23 (57%) of individuals in this cohort. Some mutations present with a male phenotype that is characterized by a severe skeletal dysplasia, cardiac, and genitourinary malformations that leads to perinatal death. Although no phenotypic feature consistently discriminates between females with FMD who are heterozygous for FLNA mutations and those in whom no FLNA mutation can be identified, there is a difference in the degree of skewing of X‐inactivation between these two groups. This observation suggests that locus heterogeneity may exist for this disorder. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mild craniosynostosis with 1p36.3 trisomy and 1p36.3 deletion syndrome caused by familial translocation t(Y;1)
Authors: Hiraki Yoko , Fujita Hiroko , Yamamori Shunji , Ohashi Hirofumi , Eguchi Maki , Harada Naoki , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report on a 20‐year‐old man and a 16‐year‐old woman with a chromosomal imbalance derived from a balanced translocation, t(Y;1)(q12;p36.3) of the father. The man had a partial trisomy for 1p36.3‐pter [46,X,der(Y)t(Y:1)(q12;p36.3)] and mild craniosynostosis of metopic and sagittal sutures as well as a borderline mental impairment, while the woman with a deletion for 1p36.3‐pter [46,XX,der(1)t(Y;1)(q12;p36.3)] showed dysmorphic face with large anterior fontanel and severe developmental delay. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that his trisomy spanned the 5.3‐Mb region from 1p telomere harboring the critical region for craniosynostosis. To our knowledge, the man is the first case of a pure type of simple 1p36.3 trisomy as the effect of heterochromatic Yq12‐qter deletion likely does not affect phenotype. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two sisters with IMAGe syndrome: Cytomegalic adrenal histopathology, support for autosomal recessive inheritance and literature review
Authors: Tan Tiong Yang , Jameson J. Larry , Campbell Peter Ellis , Ekert Paul G. , Zacharin Margaret , Savarirayan Ravi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAdrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) is a rare condition and causes primary adrenal insufficiency. X‐linked (OMIM 300200) and autosomal recessive (OMIM 240200) forms are recognized. Recently, an association between Intrauterine growth restriction, Metaphyseal dysplasia, Adrenal hypoplasia congenita, and Genital abnormalities (IMAGe syndrome; OMIM 300290) has been described. We present the clinical features of two sisters with intrauterine growth restriction, AHC, and dysmorphic features. Interesting histopathologic findings of one sister are also presented. We suggest that IMAGe syndrome is the most plausible diagnosis and that autosomal recessive inheritance is likely. We analyzed genes that were postulated candidates for IMAGe syndrome (SF1, DAX‐1, and STAR), and no mutations were found. Other cases of IMAGe syndrome are reviewed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscle involvement and motor function in amyoplasia
Authors: Kroksmark Anna‐Karin , Kimber Eva , Jerre Ragnar , Beckung Eva , Tulinius Mar 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe most common form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is amyoplasia. Diagnostic criteria are highly specific, with decreased muscle mass, typical contractures and limb positioning at birth. Intellectual development is normal. The aims of this study were to investigate how muscle strength and contractures affect motor function in amyoplasia, and to relate current functional status to joint positions at birth. Medical records were reviewed and a clinical examination was performed, with investigation of muscle strength, range of motion, and motor function. Thirty‐five patients with amyoplasia participated and were divided into three functional groups: 11 community ambulators, 11 household ambulators, and 7 non‐ambulators. Six children less than 2 years old were not categorized. Community ambulators had the best muscle strength and none had knee flexion contractures extending 20 degrees. Household ambulators had severe contractures in the lower limbs, but good muscle strength in the upper limbs. Non‐ambulators had most severe contractures and most severely reduced muscle strength. Most of the non‐ambulators were born with hips in severe abduction, flexion and external rotation. Good and very good correlations were found between muscle strength and motor function, and only moderate correlations between range of motion and motor function. We conclude that more attention should be paid to developing muscle strength, with early stimulation of active movement, and that periods of immobilization should be minimized. Further, ultrasound or MRI of muscle tissue in the newborn period would be useful to evaluate prerequisites for future development of muscle strength and thereby anticipate response to therapy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal growth of the ventral prostate in Wistar rats: A stereological and morphometrical study
Authors: Vilamaior Patrícia S.L. , Taboga Sebastião R. , Carvalho Hernandes F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMorphological and stereological analyses were used to characterize the growth kinetics of the Wistar rat ventral prostate (VP). Volume density and absolute volume of the epithelium, lumen, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and nonmuscular stroma were determined by stereology and paired with plasma testosterone levels and different morphometric measurements. The VP shows an initial growth within the first 3 weeks, a resting phase, and the puberal growth. The puberal growth was coincident with the raise in plasma testosterone. Lumen formation occurred within the 3 postnatal weeks. After an expected increase during puberty, the lumen showed a further increase at the 12th week. The volume density of the nonmuscular stroma and of the SMCs decreased slowly postnatally. Absolute volume of the luminal compartment showed three phases of growth (weeks 1–3, 6–9, and 11–12). On the other hand, the increase in the absolute volume of the epithelium was steady up to the 8th week and then showed a marked increase up the 10th week. The increase in epithelial volume was characterized morphologically by the presence of epithelial infoldings and sprouts. The growth of the epithelium showed a 2‐week delay as compared to the lumen and occurred only until the 10th week. The epithelial height was variable but could be related to the synthetic activity of the epithelium. In conclusion, the postnatal growth of the VP results from a combination of epithelial proliferation/differentiation and synthesis/accumulation of the secretory products in the lumen. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:885–892, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Furo‐salicylanilides and Their Heterocyclic Derivatives with Anticipated Molluscicidal Activity
Authors: Hassan Ghaneya Sayed , Hegazy Gehan Hegazy , Safwat Hany Mohamed 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of new furo‐salicylanilides and their heterocyclic derivatives is described. Twenty‐three compounds were screened for their molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Five of the tested compounds showed no activity, while eighteen compounds showed strong to moderate activity using bayluscide as a reference.
A Femtosecond Study of Excitation‐Wavelength Dependence of Solvation Dynamics in a Vesicle
Authors: Sen Pratik , Ghosh Subhadip , Mondal Sudip Kumar , Sahu Kalyanasis , Roy Durba , Bhattacharyya Kankan , Tominaga Keisuke 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe dependence of fluorescence and solvation dynamics of coumarin 480 (C480) in a dimyristoyl–phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicle on excitation wavelength (λex) was studied with femtosecond fluorescence upconversion. The study revealed an ultrafast 1.5‐ps component of solvation that was not detected earlier. C480 exhibits pronounced red‐edge excitation shift (REES) by 10 nm in a DMPC vesicle. This is due to the microheterogeneity of the lipid vesicle. In lipids, the probe is distributed in different locations with varying static and dynamic electrostatic responses. Solvent relaxation becomes faster and the amount of dynamic Stokes shift decreases with increasing λex. For excitation at the red end (λex=430 nm), the solvation time was found to be 1.5 ps. However, for excitation at the blue end, (λex=390 nm), there are two substantially slower components of 250 and 2000 ps. It seems that for λex=390 nm, the major contribution to total emission is due to the probe (C480) molecules in the hydrophobic and restricted locations inside the lipid bilayer. Excitation at 430 nm preferentially selects the probe molecules in a highly mobile environment (water pool of the lipid).
Unexpected Chiroptical Inversion Observed for Supramolecular Complexes Formed between an Achiral Polythiophene and ATP
Authors: Li Chun , Numata Munenori , Takeuchi Masayuki , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA series of supramolecular complexes between a water‐soluble achiral polythiophene derivative (PT‐1) and various nucleotides has been prepared. It was found that upon the introduction of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and uridine triphosphate (UTP) into aqueous solutions of achiral PT‐1, which has a random‐coiled conformation, chiral supramolecular π‐stacked aggregates of PT‐1 can be constructed. These complexes exhibit an unique split‐type induced circular dichroism (ICD) in the π–π* transition region of the main chain. In particular, it was found that the Cotton effect of the chiral supramolecular PT‐1/ATP aggregates reveals a dramatic inversion of chirality with a change in the concentration of ATP, which has not been previously observed in chiral macromolecular complexes. On the basis of extensive investigations performed with UV/Vis spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, TEM, AFM, and dynamic light scattering (DLS), a possible mechanism for the formation of chiral superstructures of PT‐1 and chiroptical inversion induced by changes in ATP concentration is proposed.
Diffusion‐Influenced Reversible Trapping Problem in the Presence of an External Field
Authors: Park Soohyung , Shin Kook Joe 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe investigate the field effect on the diffusion‐influenced reversible trapping problem in one dimension. The exact Green function for a particle undergoing diffusive motion between two static reversible traps with a constant external field is obtained. From the Green function, we derive the various survival probabilities. Two types of trap distribution for the many‐body problem are considered, the periodic and random distributions. The mean survival probability is obtained for the crossing‐forbidden case for the two types of trap distribution. For the periodic distribution it decays exponentially. For the random trap distribution, similar to the irreversible case, there exists a critical field strength at which the long time asymptotic behavior undergoes a kinetic transition from the power law to exponential behaviors. The difference between equilibrium concentrations for the two types of trap distribution due to the fluctuation effect of trap concentration vanishes as the field strength increases.
Flavin‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Amines and Sulfides with Molecular Oxygen: Biomimetic Green Oxidation
Authors: Imada Yasushi , Iida Hiroki , Ono Satoshi , Masui Yoshiyuki , Murahashi Shun‐Ichi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFlavin‐catalyzed green oxidation of heteroatom compounds such as sulfides and amines with molecular oxygen and even air in the presence of hydrazine monohydrate in a fluorous solvent such as 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol at room temperature gives the corresponding oxidation products highly efficiently and selectively along with water and molecular nitrogen, which are environmentally benign by‐products. The proposed reaction mechanism is based on the kinetics, solvent effect, and redox properties of flavin catalysts.
Shareholder wealth effects of private placements of debt made by REITs
Authors: Higgins Eric , Howton Shawn , Howton Shelly 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study examined both the short‐run and long‐run shareholder wealth effects of private placements of debt made by Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). The authors found that there is no significant market reaction to the placement. One‐year and three‐year adjusted abnormal returns were found to be negative and significant for placing REITs. This suggests that REITs do not benefit from added monitoring associated with the private placement. The results also suggest that REIT managers issue in order to grow the asset size of the firm to the detriment of shareholder wealth. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications