bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐specific prevalence and years of healthy life in a system with three health states
Authors: Diehr Paula , Yanez David , Derleth Ann , Newman Anne B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractConsider a 3‐state system with one absorbing state, such as Healthy, Sick, and Dead. Over time, the prevalence of the Healthy state will approach an ‘equilibrium’ value that is independent of the initial conditions. We derived this equilibrium prevalence (Prev:Equil) as a function of the local transition probabilities. We then used Prev:Equil to estimate the expected number of years spent in the healthy state over time. This estimate is similar to the one calculated by multi‐state life table methods, and has the advantage of having an associated standard error. In longitudinal data for older adults, the standard error was accurate when a valid survival table was known from other sources, or when the available data set was sufficient to estimate survival accurately. Performance was better with fewer waves of data. If validated in other situations, these estimates of prevalence and years of healthy life (YHL) and their standard errors may be useful when the goal is to compare YHL for different populations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibration of generalized double well oscillators
Authors: Litak G. , Borowiec M. , Syta A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe have applied the Melnikov criterion to examine a global homoclinic bifurcation and a transition to chaos in the case of the double well dynamical system with a nonlinear fractional damping term and external excitation. The usual double well Duffing potential having one negative square term and one positive quartic term has been generalized to a double well potential with a negative square term and a positive one with an arbitrary real exponent q > 2. We have also used a fractional damping term with an arbitrary power p applied to velocity which enables one to cover a wide range of realistic damping factors: from dry friction p → 0 to turbulent resistance phenomena p = 2. Using perturbation methods we have found a critical forcing amplitude μc above which the system may behave chaotically. Our results show that the vibrating system is less stable in transition to chaos for smaller p satisfying an exponential scaling low. The critical amplitude μc is an exponential function of p. The analytical results have been illustrated by numerical simulations using standard nonlinear tools such as Poincare maps and the maximal Lyapunov exponent. As usual for chosen system parameters we have identified a chaotic motion above the critical Melnikov amplitude μc.
Unified Poincaré and Hardy inequalities with sharp constants for convex domains
Authors: Avkhadiev F.G. , Wirths K.‐J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLet Ω be an n‐dimensional convex domain, and let ν ∈ [0, 1/2]. For all f ∈ H01(Ω) we prove the inequality

where δ = dist (x, ∂ Ω), δ0 = sup δ. The factor λν2 is sharp for all dimensions, λν being the first positive root of the Lamb type equation Jν(λν)+ 2λν Jν′(λν) = 0 for Bessel's functions. In particular, the case ν= 0 with λ0= 0,940 ... presents a new sharp form of the Hardy type inequality due to Brezis and Marcus, while in the case ν = 1/2 with λ1/2 = π/2 we obtain a unified proof of an isoperimetric inequality due to Poincaré for n = 1, Hersch for n = 2 and Payne and Stakgold for n ≥ 3. A generalization, when the latter integral is replaced by the integral ∫Ω|f|2 / δ2‐mdx, m > 0, is proved, too. As a special case, we obtain the sharp inequality

where jν is the first positive zero of Jν.
Neurodegeneration and chronic renal failure in methylmalonic aciduria—A pathophysiological approach
Authors: Morath M. A. , Okun J. G. , Müller I. B. , Sauer S. W. , Hörster F. , Hoffmann G. F. , Kölker S. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryIn the last decades the survival of patients with methylmalonic aciduria has been improved. However, the overall outcome of affected patients remains disappointing. The disease course is often complicated by acute life‐threatening metabolic crises, which can result in multiple organ failure or even death, resembling primary defects of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Biochemical abnormalities during metabolic derangement, such as metabolic acidosis, ketonaemia/ketonuria, lactic acidosis, hypoglycaemia and hyperammonaemia, suggest mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, long‐term complications such as chronic renal failure and neurological disease are frequently found. Neuropathophysiological studies have focused on various effects caused by accumulation of putatively toxic organic acids, the so‐called ‘toxic metabolite’ hypothesis. In previous studies, methylmalonate (MMA) has been considered as the major neurotoxin in methylmalonic aciduria, whereas more recent studies have highlighted a synergistic inhibition of mitochondrial energy metabolism (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, tricarboxylic acid cycle, respiratory chain, mitochondrial salvage pathway of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP)) induced by propionyl‐CoA, 2‐methylcitrate and MMA as the key pathomechanism of inherited disorders of propionate metabolism. Intracerebral accumulation of toxic metabolites (‘trapping’ hypothesis’) is considered a biochemical risk factor for neurodegeneration. Secondary effects of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as oxidative stress and impaired mtDNA homeostasis, contribute to pathogenesis of these disorders. The underlying pathomechanisms of chronic renal insufficiency in methylmalonic acidurias are not yet understood. We hypothesize that renal and cerebral pathomechanisms share some similarities, such as an involvement of dicarboxylic acid transport. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview on recent pathomechanistic concepts for methylmalonic acidurias.
Social Capital and Diversity Generalized Trust, Social Cohesion and Regimes of Diversity
Authors: Hooghe Marc 
Published: September 2007

Abstract.In recent years an impressive amount of evidence has been collected documenting a negative relationship between levels of ethnic diversity and social capital indicators, in particular generalized trust. In this article we raise a number of theoretical arguments that should be addressed before these findings can be generalized. First, it has to be remembered that most of these studies focus on generalized trust as a social capital indicator, while trust probably is most vulnerable for the effects of weakening homogeneity. Second, it is argued that in order to arrive at a better understanding of the relation between diversity and social capital, at least three intermediary variables need to be taken into account: 1) the question whether diversity entails segregation of networks at the individual level; 2) the increase in diversity rather than the absolute level; 3) the regimes societies use to govern diversity, and especially the variation with regard to the openness of these regimes. We close by exploring the suggestion that in more diverse societies, recognition of group differences and identities, and group relations based on equality-based concepts of reciprocity should be considered as potentially more meaningful strategies.Résumé.Dans les dernières années, une quantité impressionnante de preuves ont été rassemblées, qui documentent une relation négative entre le niveau de diversité ethnique et les indicateurs de capital social, en particulier la confiance généralisée. Dans cet article, nous soulevons un certain nombre d'arguments théoriques qu'il faut examiner avant de pouvoir généraliser ces résultats. D'abord il faut noter que la plupart de ces études se sont concentrées sur la confiance généralisée comme indicateur de capital social alors que la confiance est probablement particulièrement vulnérable aux effets d'une érosion de l'homogénéité. Deuxièmement, nous avançons que, pour mieux comprendre la relation entre diversité et capital social, trois variables intermédiaires au moins doivent être prises en considération : 1) l'existence d'une ségrégation des réseaux au niveau individuel du fait de la diversité; 2) l'augmentation de la diversité plutôt que son niveau absolu; 3) les régimes que les sociétés utilisent pour gouverner la diversité et surtout le degré d'ouverture de ces régimes. Pour finir, nous explorons la suggestion que, dans des sociétés plus diverses, la reconnaissance des différences et identités des groupes, et des relations inter-groupes basées sur des concepts d'égalité et de réciprocité devraient être considérées comme des stratégies potentiellement plus significatives.
La Continuité et le Changement dans les Stratégies de Développement Économique en Iran Aprés 1989
Authors: Shirdel Mohammad-Ali 
Published: September 2007

Résumé.Cette recherche a pour objectif d'expliquer le changement et la continuité dans les stratégies de développement économique après la révolution islamique en Iran. Le modèle explicatif est le suivant : la configuration et l'interaction particulière de quatre facteurs expliquent le choix et le changement dans les stratégies de développement économique en Iran : l'État, la société civile, le système mondial et les idées. À partir de 1989, la Deuxième République annonce des changements importants dans l'État islamique et dans ses relations avec la société civile islamique, d'un côté, et avec le système international, de l'autre. Ces changements en ont entraîné d'autres dans les stratégies de développement et ont eu pour résultat l'application d'une nouvelle stratégie de développement. Cette nouvelle stratégie a deux volets importants : les programmes de stabilisation économique et les programmes d'ajustement structurel.Abstract.This research aims to explain change and continuity in the strategies of economic development after the Islamic revolution in Iran. The explanatory model is as follows: the particular configuration and interaction of four factors explain the choices and changes in the strategies of economic development in Iran: the state, civil society, the world system and ideas. Starting in 1989, the Second Republic announced important changes in the Islamic State and its relations with civil society on one side, and with the international system on the other. These changes involved other changes in the strategies of development and the application of a new strategy of development. This new strategy has two important facets: programs of economic stabilization and programs of structural adjustment.
Pierre Bourdieu : la méthodologie,
l'épistémologie,
l'interdisciplinarité.
Authors: Laberge Yves 
Published: September 2007

Pierre Bourdieu, Esquisse pour une auto-analyse. Paris,
Raisons d'agir (Collection “ Cours et travaux ”), 2004,
144 p.Pierre Bourdieu, Jean-Claude Chamboredon, Jean-Claude Passeron (dir.),
Le métier de sociologue. Préalables
épistémologiques. 5e édition. Berlin et New
York, Mouton de Gruyter, 2005 [1968], xix + 357 p.Edwige Corcia, Bertrand Geay, Annick Coupé, Violaine Roussel,
Sylvia Faure, Philippe Adrien, Markos Zafiropoulos, Martine Fournier,
Sylvain Bourmeau, Philippe Corcuff, Bernard Vernier, Daniel Buren,
Gérard Mauger, Vincent de Gaulejac. Pierre Bourdieu: les champs
de la critique. Paris, Bibliothèque Centre-Pompidou,
Collection “ BPI en actes ”, 2004, 284 p.Carles, Pierre (réalisateur), avec Pierre Bourdieu, La
sociologie est un sport de combat [en anglais : Sociology Is
a Martial Art]. Paris et Brooklyn : VF Films, et Pierre Carles
(C-P Productions). Distributeur pour l'Amérique du Nord :
First Run/Icarus Films, 2001. Vidéocassette VHS, NTSC, 146
minutes.Yvette Delsaut et Marie-Christine Rivière, Bibliographie
des travaux de Pierre Bourdieu, Pantin (France), Le temps des
cerises, 2002.
Democratic Norms Remain Stronger than Ethnic Ties: Defending “Foreign Interventions and Secessionist Movements”
Authors: Bélanger Louis , Duchesne Érick , Paquin Jonathan 
Published: September 2007

Abstract.This article is a response to Stephen Saideman's criticism of our research findings on third state intervention in secessionist crises, which was published in this journal in 2005. Here we defend our methodology and the validity of our results. We also explain why, in our view, Saideman's criticisms and the alternative research design that he offers are seriously questionable. More specifically, our reply focuses on his problematic case selection and on his measurement of ethnic ties, which is methodologically inconsistent and biased.Résumé.Cet article constitue une réponse à la critique de Stephen Saideman concernant nos résultats de recherche, paru dans cette revue en 2005, sur les interventions des États tiers dans les crises sécessionnistes. Nous défendons ici notre méthode et la validité de nos résultats. Nous expliquons aussi pourquoi, selon nous, il est possible de remettre en question les critiques et le devis de recherche de Saideman. Plus précisément, notre réponse se concentre sur sa sélection de cas douteuse et sa mesure des liens ethniques, puisque nous jugeons celle-ci méthodologiquement incorrecte et biaisée.
Recognizing Aboriginal Title: The Mabo Case and Indigenous
Resistance to English-Settler Colonialism
Authors: Dick Caroline 
Published: September 2007

Recognizing Aboriginal Title: The Mabo Case and Indigenous
Resistance to English-Settler Colonialism, Peter H. Russell, Toronto,
Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press, 2005, pp. xii, 470.Peter Russell's insightful book on Aboriginal land rights in
Australia weaves together two tales, that of Indigenous crusader Eddie
Koiki Mabo and the slow and arduous struggle of Torres Strait Islanders
and mainland Aborigines to have their native land rights recognized by
Australian governments in the hope of forging a new, post-colonial
relationship. Along the way, Russell places these stories in the context
of the push and pull of international events and movements that affected
Australia's domestic politics and assesses the political progress of
Indigenous peoples in Canada, the United States and New Zealand.
Canada's Governors General: Biography and Constitutional
Evolution 1847–1878
Authors: Smith David E. 
Published: September 2007

Canada's Governors General: Biography and Constitutional
Evolution 1847–1878, Barbara J. Messamore, Toronto: University
of Toronto Press, 2006, pp. viii, 308.There is no comprehensive history of the office of governor general, a
scholarly lapse that this book goes only part way in repairing.
Canada's Governors General covers the period 1847 to 1878,
that is, from Lord Elgin's signing of the controversial Rebellion
Losses Bill, because his advisers who controlled the colonial legislative
assembly advised him to do so, to the receipt of new Letters Patent and
Instructions thirty years later from London. The intent of these last was
to provide greater certainty about the function and role of the governor
general following Lord Dufferin's excitable interventions in the wake
of the Pacific Scandal to maintain British Columbia's adhesion to
Confederation.
Institutionnaliser l'évaluation des politiques
publiques. Étude comparée des dispositifs en Belgique, en
France, en Suisse et aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Jolicoeur Mathieu Masse 
Published: September 2007

Institutionnaliser l'évaluation des politiques
publiques. Étude comparée des dispositifs en Belgique, en
France, en Suisse et aux Pays-Bas, Jacob, Steve, Bruxelles, Presses
interuniversitaires européennes, coll. Cité
européenne, no 35, 2005, 271 pages.L'évaluation des politiques publiques est monnaie courante
dans la plupart des démocraties occidentales. Les études
présentant des expériences nationales
d'évaluation ne manquent pas; par contre, les analyses
comparées demeurent peu nombreuses. Le livre de Steve Jacob pose le
problème de l'institutionnalisation de
l'évaluation dans quatre pays européens (France,
Belgique, Suisse et Pays-Bas). En étudiant attentivement
l'évolution de l'évaluation dans ces quatre pays,
on découvre qu'elle emprunte des chemins variés
reflétant les spécificités nationales. L'auteur
pose l'hypothèse dans son livre que ce développement de
l'évaluation est tributaire du milieu (type d'État
et caractéristiques des acteurs importants) dans lequel il se
réalise.
Le rêve et la forêt. Histoires de chamanes nabesna
Authors: Doran, Anne 
Published: September 2007

Le rêve et la forêt. Histoires de chamanes
nabesna, Guédon, Anne-Marie, PUL, 2005, 616 pages.Ce livre est le fruit d'enquêtes faites par l'auteure
depuis 1968 auprès des Nabesna, un peuple autochtone de langue
déné situé à la frontière entre le
Yukon et l'Alaska, au centre d'un territoire habité par
les Athapaskans (Dénés) septentrionaux dont ils se
rapprochent par la culture et la langue. Sa connaissance profonde de la
culture des Nabesna prend constamment appui sur les cultures des peuples
autochtones environnants pour s'en démarquer ou s'y
comparer, ce qui fait que son objet est beaucoup plus large que la seule
culture nabesna et rejoint tout le monde athapascan.
Digital State at the Leading Edge
Authors: Roberge Ian 
Published: September 2007

Digital State at the Leading Edge, Sandford Borins, Kenneth
Kernaghan, David Brown, Nick Bontis, Perri 6 and Fred Thompson, Toronto,
Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press, 2007, pp. 446.There is a small but dedicated community of scholars who work in the
field of Canadian public administration. These researchers have produced
research of outstanding interest and quality. Digital State at the
Leading Edge is no exception to this rule; it is an excellent example
of evidence-based research.
De la démocratie au Québec 1940–1970. Anthologie
des débats autour de l'idée de démocratie de la
Seconde Guerre mondiale à la Crise d'octobre
Authors: Rocher François 
Published: September 2007

De la démocratie au Québec 1940–1970.
Anthologie des débats autour de l'idée de
démocratie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale à la Crise
d'octobre, Lévesque, Michel (avec la collaboration de
Lucie Blanchet), Montréal : Lux Éditeur, 2005, xxxvi, 338
pages.La réflexion théorique et les débats
idéologiques entourant la notion de démocratie ne sont pas
près de s'épuiser. Il s'agit d'un
thème important, sinon central, dans nos sociétés
libérales, qui ne perd jamais de son actualité. La
littérature contemporaine en philosophie politique, ainsi que les
études comparées des politiques canadienne et
québécoise, abordent régulièrement le
thème de la démocratie, des conditions de sa
réalisation et des mécanismes institutionnels qui lui
donnent corps. L'ouvrage de Michel Lévesque nous rappelle que
les enjeux idéologiques qui y sont associés ont aussi fait
l'objet de réflexions et de débats au Québec
entre 1940 et 1970. La lecture de ces textes illustre bien le fait que la
démocratie se présente toujours comme un idéal
à réaliser, mais surtout que les évaluations que
l'on peut en faire sont en grande partie déterminées
par le contexte historique. Michel Lévesque note “ une
tendance manifeste chez plusieurs auteurs à présenter leur
présupposés comme des vérités établies
en s'appuyant sur une interprétation empirique de
l'histoire en lieu et place d'analyses approfondies et
étoffées ” (p. xxxv). Le passage du temps nous permet
de réaliser la pertinence de cette remarque à la
lumière des préoccupations qui dominaient au milieu du
20e siècle au Québec et au Canada. Toutefois, il
pourrait tout aussi bien s'agir d'un rappel
méthodologique à l'endroit des jugements qui sont
posés aujourd'hui sur l'état de la
démocratie canadienne et québécoise.
Political Thought in Canada: An Intellectual History
Authors: Dhamoon Rita 
Published: September 2007

Political Thought in Canada: An Intellectual History,
Katherine Fierlbeck, Peterborough ON: Broadview Press, 2006, pp. 178.Katherine Fierlbeck's project to provide “a brief exegesis
of some of the more important political and philosophical debates in
Canada's history” (6) is a difficult one, as she herself notes,
because the criteria for determining which thinkers and ideas to include
are contested. Fierlbeck selects a rich range of well known and
under-theorized thinkers and, more importantly, she historicizes the links
between political ideas and events so as to contextualize the development
of political thought. Although she recognizes that there is no single
school of Canadian thought, the unifying theme of the book is that of
national identity.
Political Parties and Political Systems: The Concept of Linkage
Revisited
Authors: MacDermid Robert 
Published: September 2007

Political Parties and Political Systems: The Concept of Linkage
Revisited, Andrea Römmele, David M. Farrell, Piero Ignazi, eds.,
Westport CN: Praeger/Greenwood, 2005, pp. x, 181.This is a book of nine short essays that develop and extend the ideas
of linkage theory. The nature of the relationship between citizens and the
state, through political parties and other organizations, has been a focus
of study in a range of democratic regimes at least since de Tocqueville.
Kay Lawson has dedicated a career to the study and classification of
linkage relationships and to developing theories about how citizens and
subjects are linked to the state. Lawson's best-known works included
The Comparative Study of Political Parties (1976), Political
Parties and Linkage: A Comparative Perspective (1980), When
Parties Fail: Emerging Alternative Organizations (co-edited with
Peter H. Merkl, 1988), and How Political Parties Work: Perspectives
from Within (1994).. This volume does not claim to be a
festschrift but it celebrates, applies and extends her work.
Discourses of Denial: Mediations of Race, Gender, and Violence
Authors: Abu-Laban Yasmeen 
Published: September 2007

Discourses of Denial: Mediations of Race, Gender, and
Violence, Yasmin Jiwani, Vancouver: UBC Press, 2006, pp. viii,
255.At first glance many political scientists may not see Discourse of
Denial as an intervention that speaks to their discipline. After all,
Jiwani's examination of racism, sexism and violence in Canada is
explicitly directed to those who traverse multiple and interdisciplinary
boundaries, racialized young women and immigrant women, front-line
feminist anti-violence, anti-racist and anti-poverty activists, as well as
policy makers. However, political scientists can gain much from this
persuasively argued, methodologically diverse, innovative and
well-researched book. Jiwani addresses how certain institutions—in
particular, the dominant media—serve to “mediate”
violence. Mediations involve discursive strategies that give recognition
to certain expressions of violence and completely erase others, especially
racism. Since political scientists frequently rely on the media in their
research and teaching, and serve as media commentators as part of their
community service, there is much here that is thought-provoking.
A DNA sequence-based study of theSchistosoma indicum(Trematoda: Digenea) group: population phylogeny, taxonomy and historical biogeography
Authors: ATTWOOD S. W. , FATIH F. A. , MONDAL M. M. H. , ALIM M. A. , FADJAR S. , RAJAPAKSE R. P. V. J. , ROLLINSON D. 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYPartial (DNA) sequences were collected for 2 mitochondrial loci (SrrnaandLrrna, therrnS andrrnL rRNA genes respectively) forSchistosoma indicumgroup species from 4 Southeast Asian countries. The samples included 7 populations, 4 of which were previously unstudied. In 11 cases the combination of locus and population was new. The aim of the study was to provide a phylogeny based on new independent data and multiple populations (earlier studies had mostly used a common set of field samples or laboratory lines) and to examine interrelationships and phylogeography within this species group. Paraphyly of theS. indicumgroup was confirmed, as was the basal position ofSchistosoma incognitumin theSchistosomaphylogeny. Southeast AsianSchistosoma spindaleandS. incognitumpopulations were shown to fall into their respective con-specific cohesive groupings. Estimated divergence times for these taxa were shown to be related to Pleistocene changes in sea level and the radiation of definitive host groups. A revised phylogeographical model is proposed in the light of these findings.