bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the New World Health Organisation Growth Standards: Differences From 3 Countries
Authors: Fenn Bridget , Penny Mary E 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTObjective:To compare differences in child nutritional status and the prevalence of wasting, stunting, and underweight between the new World Health Organization (WHO) standards based on healthy optimally fed children from different cultures and the international National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO references using empirical data from the first round of a longitudinal panel study.Materials and Methods:Three cross‐sectional data sets from the Young Lives longitudinal study were analysed from India (Andhra Pradesh state), Peru, and Vietnam. Around 2000, children between 6 and 17.9 months old from each country were weighed and measured. Mean z scores for weight‐for‐length, weight‐for‐age, and length‐for‐age—and the prevalence of wasting, stunting, and underweight—were calculated using the new WHO growth standards and compared with the results calculated using NCHS/WHO references.Results:Compared with the NCHS reference, the mean weight‐for‐length and weight‐for‐age z scores for all countries were higher, and the mean length‐for‐age z scores were similar, using the WHO standards. The mean z score for weight‐for‐age was closer to zero, compared with NCHS, in all 3 countries, indicating that the WHO standard curves better reflect the pattern of ponderal growth in these populations. Using WHO standards, wasting was more prevalent in India and Peru but less prevalent in Vietnam. In all 3 countries a higher proportion of children were stunted and fewer children classified as underweight.Conclusions:Using the new WHO standards resulted in differences in mean z scores for weight‐for‐length and weight‐for‐age and changes in the prevalence of wasting, stunting, and underweight. The direction and magnitude of difference are not consistent.
Deamidated Gliadin Peptides Form Epitopes That Transglutaminase Antibodies Recognize
Authors: Korponay‐Szabó Ilma R , Vecsei Zsófia , Király Róbert , Dahlbom Ingrid , Chirdo Fernando , Nemes Éva , Fésüs László , Mäki Markku 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTObjective:Deamidated gliadin peptides are efficient antigens in diagnostic tests for celiac disease, and results correlate better with transglutaminase 2–based assays than those with native gliadin. We investigated whether deamidated gliadin antigens are structurally similar to transglutaminase 2 or could mimic transglutaminase epitopes.Patients and Methods:Serum samples from 74 celiac and 65 control patients, and 13 different transglutaminase 2–specific monoclonal mouse antibodies were investigated for their binding to commercially available deamidated gliadin peptides using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, competition studies, and molecular modelling.Results:The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with deamidated gliadin peptides had 100% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity in patients. Deamidated gliadin epitopes also were recognized by 3 transglutaminase‐specific monoclonal antibodies, and antibodies affinity‐purified with deamidated gliadin peptides from celiac patient sera reacted with transglutaminase but did not show endomysial binding. The binding of the monoclonal antibodies to deamidated gliadin was inhibited dose dependently by full‐length recombinant human transglutaminase, its fragments containing the binding sites of these monoclonal antibodies, or by celiac patient antibodies. Deamidated gliadin peptides decreased the binding of transglutaminase‐specific monoclonal antibodies to transglutaminase. Three different cross‐reacting transglutaminase epitopes were found, of which 2 are located in the C‐terminal domain and 1 is conformational. The binding of celiac serum samples to deamidated gliadin peptides could not be abolished by transglutaminase or by any of the transglutaminase‐specific monoclonals, indicating that celiac sera also contain additional antibodies to gliadin epitopes different from transglutaminase.Conclusions:Certain deamidated gliadin–derived peptides and transglutaminase 2 epitopes have similar 3‐dimensional appearance. This homology may contribute to the induction of transglutaminase autoantibodies by molecular mimicry.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting behaviour in swine
Authors: Reiner G. , Köhler F. , Berge T. , Fischer R. , Hübner‐Weitz K. , Scholl J. , Willems H. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryBehavioural indices in vertebrates are under genetic control at least to some extent. In spite of significant behavioural problems in farm animals, information on the genetic background of behaviour is sparse. The aim of this study was to map QTL for behavioural indices in swine under healthy conditions and after infection withSarcocystis miescheriana, as behaviour can be significantly influenced by disease.This well‐described parasite model subsequently leads to acute (day 14 p.i.), subclinical (day 28 p.i.) and chronic disease (day 42 p.i.), allowing the study and comparison of the behaviour of pigs under four different states of health or disease. The study was based on a well‐described Pietrain/Meishan F2family that has recently allowed the detection of QTL for disease resistance. We have mapped six genome‐wide significant and 24 chromosome‐wide significant QTL for six behavioural indices in swine. Six of these QTL (i.e. 20% of total QTL) showed effects on behavioural traits of the healthy pigs (day 0). Some of them (QTL on SSC11 and 18) lost influence on behavioural activities during disease, while the effects of others (QTL on SSC5, SSC8) partly remained during the whole experiment, although with different effects on the distinct behavioural indices. The disease model has been of high relevance to detect effects of gene loci on behavioural indices. Considering the importance of segregating alleles and environmental conditions that allow the identification of the phenotype, we conclude that there are indeed QTL with interesting effects on behavioural indices in swine.
Another Case of Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction due to Incompatibility without Demonstrable Antibodies
Authors: Heistö Helge , Myhre Kåre , Börresen Wilhelm , Vogt Else , Heier Anna‐Margrethe 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA haemolytic transfusion reaction is reported in which no incompatibility was demonstrable in vitro. The determination of the survival time of 51Cr‐tagged red cells from several donors showed markedly different disappearance rates. A specificity of the incompatibility was therefore suspected.RésuméUne réaction hémolytique est décrite dans laquelle aucune incompatibilité n'a pu être mise en évidence in vitro. La détermination du temps de survie des érythrocytes marqués au Cr 51 provenant de nombrew donneurs a permis de constater des différences très marquées dans les taux de disparition des érythrocytes. Ceci laisse suspecter une spécificité de l'incompatibilité.Zusammenfassung:Es wird uber eine hämolytische Transfusionsreaktion berichtet, bei welcher in vitro keine Inkompatibilität festgestellt werden konnte. 51Cr‐markierte Erythrozyten verschiedener Spender wiesen stark unterschiedliche Überlebenszeiten im Empfängerorganismus auf. Es wurde deshalb eine Spezifität der Inkompatibilität vermutet.
HL‐A Antigens in Hodgkin's Disease and Other Lymphomas
Authors: Sybesma J. Ph. H. B. , Borst‐Eilers Els , Holtzer J. D. , Moes Mieke , Pielage Els , Planque B. A. de 
Published: March 2009

Abstract.35 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 13 patients with other lymphomas and 26 control subjects have been typed for 8 HL‐A antigens.The frequency of HL‐A8 and HL‐A7 was higher among the patients with Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas than among control subjects. In contrast to findings reported by others we did not find any difference in HL‐A5 frequency between patients with Hodgkin's disease and control subjects.
C3, GBG, Orosomucoid and Haptoglobin Polymorphisms Improved Staining Methods1
Authors: Tulchin N. , Ornstein L. , Weiner P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. C3, GBG, and orosomucoid polymorphisms were electrophoresed in a high‐voltage agarose method which permitted the typing of 15–20 samples. The increased sensitivity of the dye Coommassie blue was used to stain the protein, and yielded higher resolution than amido black.The typing of haptoglobin samples, was facilitated by devising a method which utilizes the peroxidase activity of the haptoglobin‐hemoglobin complex with 0‐tolidine and hydrogen peroxide as substrates and 4‐chloro‐1‐naphthol as coupler.
Buffy Coat and Cell Separator Granulocyte Concentrates
Authors: Hughes Andrew , Addison I.E. , Al‐Hadithy H. , Brozović B. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Buffy coat granulocyte concentrates were prepared manually from single fresh whole blood donations after centrifugation. The erythrocyte, granulocyte and platelet numbers in these concentrates were compared to cell numbers in concentrates obtained by mechanical leukapheresis using intermittent flow centrifugation. Buffy coats contained approximately half the number of granulocytes and three times the number of erythrocytes per unit volume than cell separator concentrates. There was no difference in platelet numbers. Thus to give a therapeutic dose of granulocytes equivalent to that obtained by cell separation, 2–3 times greater volume of buffy coat concentrates would be required.In vitro granulocyte function, as measured by migration, phagocytosis, and Candida killing was also compared in buffy coat and cell separator concentrates. The only difference found was reduced Candida killing in the buffy coat granulocytes.The possible clinical use of buffy coat concentrates, as a source of granulocytes, is discussed.
Partial Separation of Blood Clotting Factors, Albumin, and IgG by Continuous Free Film Electrophoresis
Authors: Austen D.E.G. , Cartwright T. , Dickerson C.H. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Blood plasma and factor VIII concentrate have been fractionated by continuous free film electrophoresis in an apparatus which was designed to overcome the problems of overheating usually inherent in this technique. Results show that complete separation of plasma proteins is unlikely to be obtained by a single passage through this apparatus. However, a useful degree of fractionation may be obtained with certain proteins, for example fibrinogen and IgG.It should be possible to concentrate blood clotting factors if the electrophoresis is used in combination with a conventional separation procedure such as adsorption on aluminium hydroxide. The advantage of the electrophoretic technique is that it is a continuous process using the minimum of extraneous chemicals. The disadvantage is that it introduces a 40‐fold dilution into the fractionation.
An Integrated Liquid‐Frozen Blood Banking System1
Authors: Valeri C.R. , Sims K.L. , Bates J.F. , Reichman D. , Lindberg J.R. , Wilson A. C. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Frozen red cells have been field‐tested at the Mobile Fleet Hospital deployed at 29 Palms, Calif., and at Bridgeport, Calif., and at the PACOM Blood Program Office, Okinawa, Japan, to evaluate the feasibility of using these products to support the US Navy and Marines in combat areas.We studied both nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated cryopreserved red cell concentrates. Red cells stored at 4°C in CPD or CPDA‐1 for 3–6 days (nonrejuvenated), and red cells stored at 4°C in CPD for 22–26 days or in CPDA‐1 for 36–38 days before biochemical modification (rejuvenated), were frozen with 40% w/v glycerol at ‐80°C. A multiple‐bag collection system with a 600 or 800 ml primary bag was used for blood collection, and the primary bag was used for processing from preparation of the red cell concentrate through prewash dilution. The thawed red cells were washed with 1.5 liters of a sodium chloride‐glucose‐phosphate solution.As part of this feasibility study, frozen red cells were shipped by air in dry ice (‐79 °C), and previously frozen washed red cells were shipped in wet ice (4°C). In vitro red cell recovery values were at least 90%. After postwash storage at 4°C for as long as 3 days, the red cells had 24‐hour posttransfusion survivals of at least 70%, normal or slightly impaired oxygen transport function, and minimal hemolysis.
Immunochemical Characterization of a Monoclonal Anti‐LebBlood Grouping Reagent
Authors: Messeter L. , Brodin T. , Chester M.A. , Karlsson K.‐A. , Zopf D. , Lundblad A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA haemagglutinating monoclonal anti‐LebLantibody has been obtained from a mouse‐mouse hybridoma after immunization with the Leb‐active oligosaccharide lacto‐N‐difucohexaose I, coupled to edestin. Of 13 other antibodies obtained, one was able to agglutinate enzyme‐treated erythrocytes of all ABO groups and three more were considered to be anti‐LebHhaemagglutinins. The remaining nine antibodies did not agglutinate red cells. The specificity of the stronger of the anti‐LebLhaemagglutinins was examined by studying its binding to a number of glycoconjugates and oligosaccharides.
Platelet Preservation in Large Containers1
Authors: Kakaiya Ram M. , Katz Alfred J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe influence of the size of the container on platelet concentrate storage at 20–24°C was examined. Baseline studies were obtained with 50 platelet concentrates in 300‐ml PL‐146 plastic containers. Experimental studies included 6 platelet concentrates each in 300‐, 600‐ and 2,000‐ml containers made of PL‐146 plastic. Platelet count, total platelets, pO2, pCO2, pH, glucose consumption, lactate production, platelet morphology and recovery by platelets to osmotic stress were monitored during storage.During storage, the best pH and morphology values were observed with 2,000‐ml containers. The lowest glucose consumption and lactate production were also associated with the 2,000‐ml containers. Intermediate improvement in these parameters was noted in 600‐ml containers. Recovery from osmotic stress was better in 2,000‐ and 600‐ml containers as compared to 300‐ml containers. In addition, characteristic changes in pO2 and pCO2 during storage suggest that improved platelet preservation in larger containers is due to improved gas exchange conditions obtained with increased surface area available for gas exchange.
Evidence of Autonomous Red Cell Expression of Xga Antigen in Human Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Sparkes Robert S. , Crist Michol , Sparkes Maryellen C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHuman bone marrow transplant chimeras afford the opportunity to determine whether a red blood cell antigen is autonomously controlled. Evaluation of an Xg(a‐) recipient and an Xg(a+) recipient, each transplanted with bone marrow of donors of opposite Xga types, shows that the Xga antigen is of the donor type following transplantation. This indicates that the Xga antigen is controlled by the red blood cell, and confirms earlier studies in natural chimeras.
Leukapheresis in a Patient with Sézary Syndrome
Authors: Decaro J.H. , Novoa J.E. , de Anda G. , Galaschi D. , Rodriguez A. , de Bellis R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A patient with Sézary syndrome refractory to cytotoxic agents underwent leukapheresis on the Aminco continuous flow centrifuge. Five procedures were performed over a 15‐day period. A total of 6.9 × 109 cells were removed. The patient's skin lesions and lymphadenopathy regressed.Repeated removal of the buffy coat by leukapheresis has not resulted in thrombocytopenia. It is concluded that cytapheresis may be effective in this clinical condition even when the peripheral leukocyte count is normal.
Quantitative Differential Agglutination Method Using the Coulter Counter to Measure Survival of Compatible but Identifiable Red Blood Cells1
Authors: Valeri C.R. , Landrock R.D. , Pivacek L.E. , Gray A.D. , Fink J.G. , Szymanski I.O. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The method described here using a centrifuge and Coulter Cell Counter for the quantitative differential agglutination of human red cells uses commercial anti‐A and anti‐B antisera for the ABO system, and for the Rh system a commercial anti‐D serum, a low ionic strength solution and an anti‐human IgG antiserum. We compared this Coulter Counter method with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer method which utilizes bromelin and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and anti‐A, anti‐B and anti‐CD antisera, and found this new method to be the simpler of the two. The nonagglutinable count with the Coulter Counter was 1.07% for A1 red cells, 2.26% for A2 red cells, 1.06% for B red cells, and 1.78% for Rh‐positive red cells, results similar to those seen with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer.Results with the Coulter Counter method were consistently accurate whether the ACD red cells were studied on the day of collection, after 10 days of 4 °C storage, or after 4 °C storage for up to 6 days followed by cryopreservation with 40% (w/v) glycerol at–80 °C, thawing and washing.In this study, red cell samples obtained from recipients who had received compatible but identifiable donor red cells were frozen with 40% glycerol and stored at–80 °C for 10 months, thawed and washed. Survival measurements on these washed previously frozen red cells were similar to the values in liquid‐stored red cells.
Isolation of Mononuclear Leukocytes in a Plastic Bag System Using Ficoll‐Hypaque1
Authors: Carciero R. , Valeri C. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMononuclear cells, present in bone marrow and peripheral blood, have been isolated from red cells and granulocytes using a ficoll‐hypaque density centrifugation process. Cells isolated by this process which uses centrifuge tubes may become contaminated. In 19 studies in our laboratory we used Ficoll‐Hypaque treatment to isolate mononuclear cells from cellular residues obtained during plateletpheresis using a modified 600‐ml polyvinylchloride (PL‐146) plastic bag with the Haemonetics blood processor V‐50 or the Fenwal CS‐3000 blood processor. The 600‐ml PVC plastic bag was modified by sealing its vertical edges using radio frequency to form a narrow bag with a volume of approximately 200 ml. A 125‐volume of diluted apheresis cellular residue was collected, and the mononuclear cells were isolated as follows: the diluted cellular residue was layered onto 75 ml of Ficoll‐Hypaque with a specific gravity of 1.077 and was centrifuged at 260 g for 30 min at 22°C. The supernatant plasma was removed. The mononuclear cell layer was transferred to a sterile 600‐ml transfer bag, and the cells were washed with saline. Of the 4.24d±0.9 times 109 mononuclear cells applied to the gradient, approximately 3.73±0.8times109 cells were recovered. The recovered cells consisted of 77.3±8% lymphocytes, 19.0±7% monocytes, and 3.6±3% granulocytes. There was no significant difference in tissue culture growth in the CFU‐GEMM assay of mononuclear cells whether the plastic tube or the plastic bag system was used. Aerobic bacteriologic cultures were negative. The PL‐146 plastic bag system used in this study proved to be a significant aid in isolating mononuclear cells from plateletpheresis residue.
Intravenous Immunoglobulins: Pharmacological Aspects and Therapeutic Use
Authors: Hässig A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract.The requirements for a present‐day IVIG preparation are outlined. These are mainly: fully preserved activities of the recognition and effector functions of the IgG molecule, a normal subclass distribution, and a normal half‐life after infusion.The therapeutic uses of IVIG preparations are discussed as follows: (1) Antibody substitution in cases of generalized or partial antibody deficiency in immune‐compromised patients. These include the following diseases: hypogamma‐globulinemia (congenital and aquired, including the neonates); drug‐induced and viral immunosuppression. (2) Antibody substitution in cases of selective antibody deficiency in otherwise immune‐competent patients. These include acute cases of consumptive antibody deficiencies of the Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction type; in particular, chronic inflammations which apparently involve ineffective immune responses in which the organism is unable to build up sufficient amounts of antibodies with the required partial specificity, which is indispensable for overcoming the disease. (3) Modulation of the immune system by Ig‐Ig interactions (mainly idiotype‐anti‐idiotype interactions) and Ig‐Fc‐receptor interactions, as it is known from the RES blockade during IVIG treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Comparison of a Conventional Quadruple‐Bag System with a ‘Top‐and‐Bottom’ System for Blood Processing
Authors: Pietersz R. N. I. , Dekker W. J. A. , Reesink H. W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract‘Top‐and‐bottom’ bags have an outlet at the top and at the bottom of the collecting bag, allowing simultaneous expression of plasma and red cells, whereas the buffy coat remains in the collecting bag. The composition of blood components was investigated following manual separation of whole blood in a conventional 4‐bag system (A) or automated separation in a ‘top‐and‐bottom’ system (B). To overcome inter‐donor differences, two units of whole blood were pooled and redistributed into the original bags (A and B) prior to centrifugation. Leukocyte‐poor platelet concentrates (LPPC) were manufactured from both types of buffy coat (A and B). The volumes of plasma, red cell concentrates (RCC) and buffy coat were similar in both methods. However, the residual leukocytes and platelets in the RCC from the top‐and‐bottom system were significantly lower than in the conventional system, 140 ± 59 times 106 (mean ± SD) versus 762 ± 228 times 106, respectively (p<0.01). Both types of LPPC contained less than 107 leukocytes and could be stored for 7 days maintaining a pH above 6.5. We conclude that the top‐and‐bottom system enables automated and standardized preparation of RCC and plasma with a significantly better buffy‐coat removal than with manual processing.
The Influence of Cryopreservation on Activity and Surface Markers of Lymphokine‐Activated Killer Cells
Authors: Letellier C. , Rameliarison L. , Fizet D. , Ferrer A.M. , Vezon G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFicoll‐separated and monocyte‐depleted mononuclear cells isolated from normal leukapheresis products were cryopreserved. These cells were incubated with or without 1,000 U/ml of recombinant interleukin‐2 (rIL‐2) for 4 days, and their lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) and natural killer (NK) activities were measured. IL‐2 activation induced a significant increase in the expression of the CD25 antigen. There was no change in CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD56 and CD57 cell marker expression. Cryopreservation did not induce any change in the membrane antigen expression and in the lymphocyte subsets. The NK activity was well preserved and the decrease of LAK activity of IL‐2‐activated cells after cryopreservation was not significant. In contrast, cells activated before cryopreservation had a significantly lower cytotoxic activity and the number of cells expressing the IL‐2 receptor was also significantly reduced. However, the decrease of CD56 expression was not significant. CD25 expression seemed to be proportional to the LAK activity of the cells. This study demonstrated that cryopreserved lymphocytes, after 4 days of culture with rIL‐2, could be as active and could express the CD25 and CD56 cell surface markers in the same manner as fresh LAK cells.