bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans‐18:1 acids in french tub margarines and shortenings: Recent trends
Authors: Bayard Corinne C. , Wolff Robert L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of twelve French tub margarines and three industrial shortenings was established with particular attention to theirtrans‐18:1 acid content. Four of the twelve margarines (including two major brands, with 60% of market share) were devoid oftrans isomers, one contained less than 2%trans‐18:1 acids, whereas the seven others had a mean content of 13.5 ± 3.6%trans isomers. Four years ago, no margarines with 0%trans‐18:1 acids could be found. It is deduced that the recent Dutch and American studies on possible effects oftrans acids on human health (serum cholesterol, heart disease risks) may have had some influence on French margarine manufacturers. Presently, an average French tub margarine contains only 3.8% oftrans‐18:1 acids instead of 13% four years ago. To protect brand names, some manufacturers have replaced partially hydrogenated oils with tropical fats or fully hydrogenated oils. On the other hand, two of the three shortenings had high levels oftrans‐18:1 acids: 53.5 and 62.5%. This last value, obtained for a sample of hydrogenated arachis oil, seems to be one of the highest values ever reported for edible hydrogenated oils. In this sample,trans‐18:1 plus saturated acids accounted for 85% of total fatty acids. This would indicate that shortening producers and users are not yet aware of recent dietary recommendations, probably because these products are not easily identifiable by consumers in food items, in contrast to margarines.
Assessment of olive oil adulteration by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography/amperometric detection of tocopherols and tocotrienols
Authors: Dionisi F. , Prodolliet J. , Tagliaferri E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method involving reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection has been developed for the analysis of tocopherols and tocotrienols in vegetable oils. The sample preparation avoids saponification. Recoveries of α‐tocotrienol and γ‐tocotrienol in extra virgin olive oil were 97.0 and 102.0%, respectively. No tocotrienols were detected in olive, hazelnut, sunflower, and soybean oils, whether virgin or refined. However, relatively high levels of tocotrienols were found in palm and grapeseed oils. This method could detect small quantities (1–2%) of palm and grapeseed oils in olive oil or in any tocotrienol‐free vegetable oil and might, therefore, help assess authenticity of vegetable oils.
Estimation of sharma constant and thermoacoustic properties of fatty acids
Authors: Subrahmanyam M. S. R. , Vedanayagam H. Sumathi , Rao D. Venkateshwar , Rajaiah A. , Venkatacharyulu P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFrom the volume expansivity α, a number of thermoacoustic parameters, including the Sharma constant,S0, are estimated for four fatty acids as a function of temperature. The Sharma constant, which was established to be a constant with the characteristic value 1.11 ± 0.01 over a number of systems investigated by earlier investigators, is also found to be a constant with the same value for all fatty acids under investigation. Further, the Sharma constant,S0, is independent of temperature and dependent only on α. All other parameters estimated are discussed and compared with the values reported in the literature by earlier workers for different systems.
Characterization of lipid hydroperoxides generated by photodynamic treatment of leukemia cells
Authors: Bachowski Gary J. , Korytowski Witold , Girotti Albert W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new technique, high‐performance liquid chromatography with reductive mode electrochemical detection on a mercury drop (HPLC‐EC), has been used for analyzing lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) formation in photooxidatively stressed L1210 leukemia cells. Highly specific and sensitive for peroxides (detection limits <0.5 pmol for cholesterol hydroperoxides and <50 pmol for phospholipid hydroperoxides), this approach allows different classes of LOOH to be separated and determined in minimally damaged cells. L1210 cells in serum‐containing growth medium were irradiated in the presence of merocyanine 540 (MC540), a lipophilic photosensitizing dye. Lipid extracts from cells exposed to a light fluence of 0.11 J/cm2 (which reduced clonally assessed survival by 30%) showed 12–15 well‐defined peaks in HPLC‐EC. None of these peaks was observed when cells were irradiated without MC540 or when dye/light‐treated samples were reduced with triphenylphosphine prior to analysis. Three peaks of relatively low retention time (<12 min) were assigned to the following species by virtue of comigration with authentic standards: 3β‐hydroxy‐5α‐cholest‐6‐ene‐5‐hydroperoxide (5α‐OOH), 3β‐hydroxycholest‐4‐ene‐6β‐hydroperoxide (6β‐OOH), and 3β‐hydroxycholest‐5‐ene‐7α/7β‐hydroperoxide (7α/7β‐OOH). Formation of 5α‐OOH and 6β‐OOH (singlet oxygen adducts) was confirmed by subjecting [14C]cholesterol‐labeled cells to relatively high levels of photooxidation and analyzing extracted lipids by HPLC with radiochemical detection. Material represented in a major peak at 18–22 min on HPLC‐EC was isolated in relatively large amounts by semipreparative HPLC and shown to contain phospholipid hydroperoxides (predominantly phosphatidylcholine species, PCOOH) according to the following criteria: (i) decay of 18–22 min peak during Ca2+/phospholipase A2 treatment, with reciprocal appearance of fatty acid hydroperoxides; (ii) reduction of peroxide during treatment with reduced glutathione and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, but not glutathione peroxidase; and (iii) comigration with PCOOH standards in thin‐layer chromatography. HPLC‐EC analysis revealed quantifiable amounts ofPCOOH and ChOOH at a light fluence that clonally inactivated <10% of the cells, which allows for the possibility that photoperoxidative damage plays a causal role in cell killing.
Effect of dietary carnosine on plasma and tissue antioxidant concentrations and on lipid oxidation in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Chan Wendy K. M. , Decker Eric A. , Chow Ching K. , Boissonneault Gilbert A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of dietary carnosine supplementation on plasma and tissue carnosine and α‐tocopherol concentrations and on the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat skeletal muscle homo‐genates was evaluated. Plasma, heart, liver and hind leg muscle was obtained from rats fed basal semipurified diets or basal diets containing carnosine (0.0875%), α‐tocopheryl acetate (50 ppm), or carnosine (0.0875%) plusα‐tocopheryl acetate (50 ppm). Dietary carnosine supplementation did not increase carnosine concentrations in heart, liver and skeletal muscle. Dietary supplementation with both carnosine and α‐tocopherol increased carnosine concentrations in liver 1.56‐, 1.51‐ and 1.51‐fold as compared with diets lacking carnosine, α‐tocopherol or both carnosine and α‐tocopherol, respectively. Dietary supplementation with both carnosine and α‐tocopherol also increased α‐tocopherol concentrations in heart and liver 1.38‐fold and 1.68‐fold, respectively, as compared to supplementation with α‐tocopherol alone. Dietary supplementation with carnosine, α‐tocopherol or both car‐nosine and α‐tocopherol was effective in decreasing the formation of TBARS in rat skeletal muscle homogenate, with dietary α‐tocopherol and α‐tocopherol plus carnosine being more effective than dietary carnosine alone. The data suggest that dietary supplementation with carnosine and α‐tocopherol modulates some tissue carnosine and α‐tocopherol concentrations and the formation of TBARS in rat skeletal muscle homogenates.
Enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: long-term outcomes of a psycho-educational prevention program alone and enriched with psychiatric consultation or cognitive behavioral therapy
Authors: CONRADI HENK JAN , de JONGE PETER , KLUITER HERMAN , SMIT ANNET , van der MEER KLAAS , JENNER JACK A. , van OS TITUS W. D. P. , EMMELKAMP PAUL M. G. , ORMEL JOHAN 
Published: March 2007

Background. The long-term outcome of major depression is often unfavorable, and because most cases of depression are managed by general practitioners (GPs), this places stress on the need to improve treatment in primary care. This study evaluated the long-term effects of enhancing the GP's usual care (UC) with three experimental interventions.Method. A randomized controlled trial was conducted from 1998 to 2003. The main inclusion criterion was receiving GP treatment for a depressive episode. We compared: (1) UC (n=72) with UC enhanced with: (2) a psycho-educational prevention (PEP) program (n=112); (3) psychiatrist-enhanced PEP (n=37); and (4) brief cognitive behavioral therapy followed by PEP (CBT-enhanced PEP) (n=44). We assessed depression status quarterly during a 3-year follow-up.Results. Pooled across groups, depressive disorder-free and symptom-free times during follow-up were 83% and 17% respectively. Almost 64% of the patients had a relapse or recurrence, the median time to recurrence was 96 weeks, and the mean Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score over 12 follow-up assessments was 9·6. Unexpectedly, PEP patients had no better outcomes than UC patients. However, psychiatrist-enhanced PEP and CBT-enhanced PEP patients reported lower BDI severity during follow-up than UC patients [mean difference 2·07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·13–3·00) and 1·62 (95% CI 0·70–2·55) respectively] and PEP patients [2·37 (95% CI 1·35–3·39) and 1·93 (95% CI 0·92–2·94) respectively].Conclusions. The PEP program had no extra benefit compared to UC and may even worsen outcome in severely depressed patients. Enhancing treatment of depression in primary care with psychiatric consultation or brief CBT seems to improve the long-term outcome, but findings need replication as the interventions were combined with the ineffective PEP program.
Alfentanil in short procedures
Authors: SANDERS R. S. , SINCLAIR M. E. , SEAR J. W. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryNinety patients, premedicated with temazepam 20 mg, undergoing suction termination of pregnancy, were studied. Forty patients received alfentanil (500 μ g), and thirty halothane (1.5%) as supplements to either etomidate or methohexitone–nitrous oxide–oxygen anaesthesia. A further 20 patients received alfentanil 250 μg at induction of anaesthesia with methohexitone, followed by a further 250 μg immediately prior to the onset of surgery. Recovery was assessed by the time patients took to open eyes on command, to giving their correct date of birth, and to performing the deletion test. Satisfactory operating conditions were not obtained with the combination of etomidate and halothane. Faster recovery was seen in patients with either etomidate or methohexitone and receiving alfentanil (p < 0.01) Testing by the ‘p’ deletion test showed impaired psychomotor performance at 30 minutes after cessation of anaesthesia in all groups compared with the pre‐operative scores. Side effects leading to unsatisfactory anaesthesia were more frequent in patients who had received etomidate (p <0.01).
A modified MIE Superlite exhaust valve incorporating a positive pressure safety relief valve
Authors: GIL‐RODRIGUEZ J. A. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryMost scavenging systems incorporate safety devices to protect the patient against sudden positive and negative pressure surges. If full protection is to be guaranteed, positive pressure relief devices should be positioned as close as possible to the patient and, preferably, should form an integral part of the expiratory valves of anaesthetic systems and ventilators. One such safety device is described in this paper.
Insulin‐dependent diabetes during the peri‐operative period An nssessment of continuous glucose‐insulin‐potaium infusion, and traditional treatment
Authors: THOMAS D. J. B. , PLATT H. S. , ALBERTI K. G. M. M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryTwenty seven insulin‐dependent diabetics, and six non‐diabetic subjects undergoing elective surgery have been studied. Twelve diabetics received continuous glucose‐insulin‐potassium (GIK) infiion for at least 4 hours after surgery terminated. Six diabetic patients having morning surgery received a proportion of their morning insulin dose with intravenous glucose (25 g) before surgery and the remaining jve operated on in the afternoon received their morning insulin with breakfast. Non‐GIK groups were combined and compared with GIK. Postoperative diabetic treatment was the same in both groups. Plasma glucose changes were studied in all patients and other metabolites whenever possible.Mean pre‐operative glucose, non‐esterjedfatty acid, and 3‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations were similar in GIK and non‐GIK groups. Four hours postoperatively plasma glucose, and 3‐hydroxybutyrate values were lower in the GIK group than in the non GIK group (p < 0.05) as were mean plasma non‐esterfed fatty acid levels. Plasma glucose concentration was also lower in GIK subjects at 72 hours postoperatively (p < 0.01). At other times measured metabolic variables were similar in both GIK and non GIK groups.
Ranitidine and single‐dose antacid therapy as prophylaxis against acid aspiration syndrome in obstetric practice
Authors: GILLETT G. B. , WATSON J. D. , LANGFORD R. M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe efficacy of the non‐particulate antacid 0.3 M sodium citrute in single and multiple dose regimes was investigated in 156 obstetric patients, both emergency and elective, who required operative delivery under general anasthesia. Failure of either of these regimes to elevate the intragastric pH consistently to an ucceptuhle level (> 3) led to investigation of a regime combining the histamine H2‐receptor antugonist. ranitidine, and a single pre‐anasthetic dose of 0.3 M sodium citrate in a further I70 patients. Satisfactory pH values (>3) were achieved in all patients studied. The results from the first 99 cases were analysed statistically by comparison with the multiple dose sodium citrate regime and showed a very significant improvement in the ranitidine group for intragastric pH and volume. No untoward side‐effects were discovered in either mother or baby and the 6‐hourly administration of ranitidine, which was easily complied with, had no eflect on the progress of labour or operutive delivery rate.
Laryngotracheo‐oesophageal cleft A report of three cases
Authors: ARMITAGE E. N. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe clincial presentation of cleft larynx is described in a mother, and her first‐born child, and in a third, unrelated child. The symptoms vary with the anatomical severity of the cleft, but may closely resemble those of H‐type tracheo‐oesophageal fistula. Modifications to Pettersson's classfication of the condition are suggested. These allow more precise definition of the milder cases in which surgery carries a reasonable prognosis. The accuracy of clinical diagnosis, especially at laryngoscopy, has been disappointing. The importance of probing the posterior wall of the larynx at direct laryngoscopy is emphasised, since the larynx may appear normal even when an extensive cleft is present.
Serum morphine levels
Authors: WALDMANN C. S. , EASON J. R. , RAMBOHUL E. , HANSON G. C. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA study was undertaken to compare continuous subcutaneous infusions of morphine with continuous intravenous infusions in patients whose lungs were mechanically ventilated for 24 hours postoperatively. Serum morphine levels were measured after the end of surgery and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours in nine patients receiving continuous subcutaneous morphine and in four patients receiving continuous intravenous morphine given at the same rate. At 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours the means of serum morphine levels in the intravenous group were 20 ng/ml. 17.75 ng/ml, 18.5 ng/ml and 18 ng/ml, respectively, the corresponding figures in the subcutaneous group being 23.2 ng/ml. 20 ng/ml, 20.7 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml. For the intravenous route the mean dose of supplementary analgesia was 14 mg of phenoperidine in the first 24 postoperative hours, whereas for the subcutaneous route the mean dose was 11.66 mg. The differences in the serum morphine levels and in the requirements of phenoperidine were not statistically significant. We conclude that a continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine is a simple and effective means of achieving postoperative analgesia.
Tracheal tube cuff pressure
Authors: PATEL R. I. , OH T. H. , CHANDRA R. , EPSTEIN B. S. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe volume and pressure of a tracheal tube cuff inflated with air increases during nitrous oxide anasthesia. The study was designed to investigate the changes of tracheal tube cuff pressure during nitrous oxide anasthesia following inflation of the cuff with air or saline in 10 mongrel dogs who were anasthetised with nitrous oxide and their lungs artificially ventilated. At the end of 6 hours there was no change in cuff pressure when saline had been used for inflation, but was six times the initial pressure when air had been used. On microscopic examination of the trachea, only the air group had glandular inflammation, dilatation and destruction. Therefore, it appears that if saline is used to inflate tracheal tube cuffs, there will not be an increase in cuff volume and pressure during nitrous oxide anasthesia.
The use of radiotelemetry techniques for thein vivoassessment of antacids
Authors: O'SULLIVAN G. , HARRISON B. J. , BULLINGHAM R. E. S. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe use of the pH radio pill for the assessment of antacid effect has been evaluated. The correlation between the pH pill and a conventional pH electrode system was high (r2= 0.997). The records of in vivo pH against time allow unique measurements of antacid efficacy (defined as the integrated area under the pH against time curve) and duration of action to be obtained. Using a free pill, antacid assessments were performed in 13 subjects in the left lateral position. The effects of repeated antacid administrations were studied in five subjects using a pH pill which was prevented from leaving the stomach by tethering it to the teeth. These longer studies were performed in the sitting position. The efficacy (p < 0.02) and duration of action (p < 0.02) of sodium citrate 0.3 M were less in those subjects in whom the pill was tethered. The differences between the results of the studies using either a free or a tethered pill can be attributed to posture. The overall duration of' action of sodium citrate 15 ml was short, the mean (SEM value being 42.4 (4.5) minutes in the left lateral position and 21.2 (4.0) minutes in the upright position.
End‐tidal CO2 monitoring
Authors: BAUDENDISTEL L. , GOUDSOUZIAN N. , COTE C. , STRAFFORD M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryTwo cases of malignant hyperthermia are described where the earliest sign was a rise in the end‐tidal CO, concentration. This led to nearly immediate detection and adequate treatment with sodium dantrolene. These cases demonstrate the efficacy of monitoring end‐expired CO2 concentrations in patients at risk from malignant hyperthermia, as well as a means for following the adequacy of treatment.
The cardiorespiratory effects of ICI 35 868 in patients with valvular heart disease
Authors: AUN C. , Major E. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe haemodynamic effects at induction of anaesthesia with ICI 35 868 (1.5 mg/kg) are reported in ten patients with severe aortic or mitral valve disease. The average decrease of mean arterial pressure was 19.1% (p< 0.01), heart rate decreased by 10% (p< 0.01). Cardiac index and stroke volume index were both little changed but there were significant reductions in rate pressure product and left ventricular stroke work index (p < 0.01).
A review of the research priorities of practitioners working with children in social care
Authors: Stevens Madeleine , Liabo Kristin , Roberts Helen 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTIt has been argued both that research in social care is insufficiently relevant to practice, and that a clearer steer is needed from the social work community in shaping national research priorities. The work reported here systematically searched for and analysed findings from studies that asked practitioners working with children for their suggestions for research. Eight studies were found, and authors gave us access to the primary data from four of these, to which we added responses from the What Works for Children? website survey of practitioners’ research priorities. Responses were analysed in terms of both topic and type of research. Family support, parenting and child protection research were among the most frequently requested child‐focused topics. In terms of question type, almost half the research suggestions concerned the effectiveness of interventions. These findings suggest that a commitment to outcomes, and to robustly researched interventions to attain those outcomes, are increasingly important to practitioners. These views from the front line may well be useful in assisting decision‐makers in social work, and research funders, to set priorities.
Varicocele sclerotherapy improves serum inhibin B levels and seminal parameters
Authors: Di Bisceglie Cataldo , Bertagna Angela , Baldi Matteo , Lanfranco Fabio , Tagliabue Milena , Gazzera Carlo , Gandini Giovanni , Manieri Chiara 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe usefulness of treating varicocele in order to improve fertility is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate variations in seminal parameters and inhibin B concentrations in a group of males affected by varicocele and treated by percutaneous retrograde sclerotherapy in comparison with a group of patients who did not undergo varicocele treatment. Thirty‐eight patients with left varicocele underwent spermatic vein phlebography and percutaneous retrograde sclerotherapy with hydroxy‐polyaethoxy‐dodecanol. Serum inhibin B, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone levels and seminal parameters (sperm concentration, motility and morphology) were performed before and 6 months after sclerotherapy. Forty patients with left varicocele who did not undergo sclerotherapy were studied as controls. A significant increase (p < 0.01) in serum inhibin B levels and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in FSH levels were observed 6 months after treatment. Semen analysis showed a significant improvement in sperm concentration (p < 0.05) and progressive motility (p < 0.01) after treatment. In control group no significant variations in hormonal and seminal parameters were observed 6 months after the basal examination. Six months after the basal evaluation, inhibin B levels were significantly higher in treated subjects than in controls (p < 0.05) whereas FSH levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Sperm concentration and progressive motility were significantly increased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) in treated subjects in comparison with controls. In conclusion, varicocele sclerotherapy improves inhibin B levels and seminal parameters, confirming the positive effect of this treatment on spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function.