bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panic Anxiety after Abrupt Discontinuation of Mianserin
Authors: Kuniyoshi Masahiro , Arikawa Katsuyoshi , Miura Chishin , Inanaga Kazutoyo 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We observed a case of withdrawal after abrupt discontinuation of mianserin. A 41‐year‐old woman was treated according to a diagnosis of depression, which was her 6th episode. Mianserin 30 mg/day, etizolam 1 mg/day and flunitrazepam 1 mg/day were administered. When the patient discontinued taking the drugs by herself because of subsiding of these symptoms, severe panic anxiety appeared. This panic anxiety was not relieved by taking etizolam and flunitrazepam again, but subsided rapidly by the re‐administration of mianserin 30 mg/day, and because of that the depressive symptom also disappeared.From these experiences panic anxiety seemed to be a withdrawal symptom, and involvement of the noradrenergic system in panic anxiety as well as serotonergic system was suggested.
Reexamination of 123 I‐IMP‐SPECT at Interictal Stages in Adult Partial Epilepsy
Authors: Jibiki Itsuki , Kubota Takashi , Fujimoto Kimio , Yamaguchi Nariyoshi , Matsuda Hiroshi , Tsuji Shiro , Hisada Kinichi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY 123I‐ZMP‐SPECT scans at the interictal stages in 13 epileptic patients with normal X‐ray CT findings were reexamined at intervals of 1.9 ± 0.8 years. Interictal scalp EEGs were recorded a few hours after each SPECT scan. All of the SPECT abnormalities indicated focal hypo fixation images of 123I‐IMP, i.e. zones of a decreased rCBF reflecting a functional inactivation. Among 11 patients with the SPECT abnormalities in the first SPECTs, eight cases had the complete or partial regional reproduction of the abnormalities in the second SPECTs. As changes in the SPECT findings, an alteration from the abnormal SPECT images to
Emotional Facial Expressions at the Onset of Temporal Lobe Seizures: Observations on Scalp and Intracranial EEG Recordings
Authors: Hiyoshi Toshio , Seino Masakazu , Mihara Tadahiro , Matsuda Kazumi , Tottori Takayasu , Yagi Kazuichi , Wada Juhn A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The initial facial expressions of 195 complex partial seizures of 98 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were reviewed in relation to the laterality and focality of electroencephalographic (EEG) seizure origin. A neutral expression was observed most often (71) followed in frequency by expressions of disgust (13), happiness (7) and sadness (7). There was no expression of anger, surprise and fear.No correlation was found between the type of facial expression and the side of seizure origin. However, among 27 patients examined by means of intracranial EEG recordings, it was evident that a disgust expression occurred with oro‐alimentary automatisms at the beginning of mesial temporal lobe seizures, whereas a happy one occurred without oro‐alimentary automatisms at the beginning of lateral temporal lobe seizures. Although the facial expressions were not always related to the concurrent ictal emotion, it appeared that the majority of the patients with the disgust expression had autonomic features, while those of the happy/sad expression had psychic/sensory ones.It was concluded that (1) a disgust expression occurs as an indirect consequence of “crude sensation,” while a happy/sad expression occurs as a direct consequence of “elaborate mental state” (Jackson)6 and (2) facial expressions must be reviewed in relation to focality rather than laterality in temporal lobe seizures.
A Correlative Study between Hippocampal Atrophy Quantified by Tomo‐Pneumoencephalography and Epileptogenic Focus in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Tottori Takayasu , Mihara Tadahiro , Matsuda Kazumi , Watanabe Yutaka , Yagi Kazuichi , Seino Masakazu , Asakura Tetsuhiko 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIt appeared certain that we can quantify the rate of hippocampal atrophy by utilizing the sagittal cuts in tomo‐pneumoencephalog‐raphy. This is a reliable method to infer the side of the epileptogenic focus in temporal lobe epilepsy since a close correlation was disclosed between the side with more atrophic features of the hippocampus and that of the epileptogenic focus explored by depth EEG, in particular, in the mesial temporal focus group. On the other hand, it seems to be plausible that the hippocampal atrophy could be secondarily induced by epileptic discharges in the lateral temporal group. Namely, controversies dealing with the casual relationship of hippocampal atrophy should be discussed based on the epileptogenic focus localization in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Developments in the Care of ‘New’ Long‐Stay Inpatients in the United Kingdom–Implications for Japanese Psychiatry
Authors: Iseda Takashi , Kaneko Sunao , Singh Krishna , Shepherd Geoff 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The English “ward‐in‐a‐house” for new long‐stay patients (NLS) is described. NLS are usually defined as (a) aged between 18 and 65, (b) continuously in hospital for between 1 and 5 years, and (c) individuals for whom it has not been possible to find alternative accommodation outside hospital, despite repeated attempts to do so. The “ward‐in‐a‐house” combines the best features of high quality hospital care with the best features of community‐based residential units.The “Koike‐dormitory” which was set up more than 20 years ago in Maebashi city had many of the characteristics of the English “ward‐in‐a‐house” and this is also described.The possibility of developing a “ward‐in‐a‐house” in Japan is then discussed.
Pharmacological Studies on Lithium: Its Effect on Serotonergic Function
Authors: Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe summary of the above results is demonstrated in Fig. 1. Li enhanced 5‐HT synthesis and 5‐HT release via its inhibitory effect on presynaptic 5‐HT autoreceptors. The increased 5‐HT level in synaptic cleft down‐regulated 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT., receptors. The 5‐HT1A‐me‐diated AC activity and behaviors were enhanced, but the 5‐HT2‐mediated PI turnover and behaviors were suppressed. These effects of Li on 5‐HT neurones might be involved in the mechanism of action of affective disorders.
Enhancing Effects of Sound on Methamphetamine‐Induced Behavioral Aberrations in the Rat: A Model of Relapse of Schizophrenia‐Like Symptoms
Authors: Hada Hiroshi , Miyamoto Kenshiro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Conditioning of methamphetamine (MAP)‐induced behavioral aberrations, hyperactivity (HA), stereotyped (SB) and bizarre behavior (BB) in rats were examined using Pavlovian conditioning methods. A speaker‐sound (SS) was used as the conditioning stimulus (CS) and MAP‐induced behavior as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). The rats belonging to the Sound Group were repeatedly administered with MAP or saline paired with SS in an observation room and those in the Soundless Group with MAP only in the housing room.After chronic administration with MAP, conditioned behavioral responses (CBR) such as HA, SB, and BB were observed more intensely in the Sound Group than in the Soundless Group while being subjected to SS. CBR were greatest on the 30th day after the last MAP administration and they did not disappear for 120 days.CBR were considered as analogous to the spontaneous relapse of schizophrenia‐like symptoms.Furthermore, as a certain behavior which had been conditioned could easily be observed as CBR with both specific (SS) and nonspecific environmental cues (handling), it is difficult to distinguish the withdrawal behavioral effects of MAP that lacks those of CBR.
The Effects of Clonazepam on Rolandic Discharge of Benign Epilepsy of Children with Centro‐Temporal EEG Foci
Authors: Takahashi Keiichi , Saito Masahiro , Kyo Keiko , Gomibuchi Kyoko , Niijima Shinichi , Tada Hideyo , Honda Toshihiro , Sato Yasuko , Takahashi Hiroshi , Ohtsuka Chikaya 
Published: March 2008

Summary1) CZP had marked effects on RD. RD disappeared in 8 (73%) of 11 patients treated with CZP alone and 6 (43%) of 14 treated with CZP in combination with other drugs. Even when RD persisted, its amplitude and frequency decreased in some patients.2) In the group treated with CZP in combination with other drugs, RD disappeared in all 5 patients with the persistent RD, of whom 2 had arachnoid cyst. Of the 6 patients with frequent seizures, 2 were subsequently diagnosed as having CPS and SPS, respectively. Patients who did not respond to CPZ included those in whom the diagnosis of BECCT should be reconfirmed, and electro‐clinical response may be also useful for diagnosing RD.3) In patients treated with CZP alone for a short‐term treatment of BECCT, the drug administration could be discontinued only in one. A longer follow‐up study is necessary to reach a conclusion in future.
Animal Models: Behavior and EEG Changes of Unanesthetized Cats after Kainic Acid Injection into Unilateral Caudate Nucleus
Authors: Takano Katsunobu , Tanaka Tatsuya , Fujita Tsutomu , Yonemasu Yukichi 
Published: March 2008

Summary1. The microinjection of KA into the unilateral caudate nucleus induces secondarily generalized seizure.2. The caudate nucleus considered to be one of the important relay structures in the generalization of epilepsy.3. In this model of caudate nucleus epilepsy, cats did not show spontaneous seizure or choreic movement in the chronic stage.
Developing of EEG Print and Its Preliminary Technical Application
Authors: Takigawa Morikuni , Fukuzako Hiroshi , Ueyama Kenichi , Takeuchi Kouzou , Fukuzako Tsuyoshi , Nomaguchi Mitsuo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this report, we discuss a method called “EEG print” to represent EEG contrast mapping in time and frequency domains simultaneously. A bank of bandpass FIR (Finite Impulse Response) digital filters is used to obtain EEG prints. EEG prints were taken from four areas (F3, F4, O1 and O2) of EEG when healthy subjects were at rest with their eyes closed. The pattern of the prints was classified into four types: α type, β type, α+β type and complex type. It was found that EEG prints may vary from person‐to‐person but they usually do not vary much between the four areas for a given person. The method is further modified to obtain “differential EEG prints” to investigate whether meaningful higher frequency EEG components exist. Differentiation of EEG resulted in marked intensification of the fast waves, using 0.14 Hz as the critical point. In differential EEG print with higher order differentiation, amplification in the high frequency components increase their frequency. As a result, it is possible to observe variations in the high frequency components, which are otherwise not detectable in the usual EEG print. EEG print can be used for representing the function of the brain. Using the method for classification of EEG print patterns, described in this paper, we can clarify not only the characteristics of the normal brain but also the pathophysiology of mentally‐ill patients.
Behavioral and neuroimaging studies on schizophrenia in Japan
Authors: SHIMAZONO YASUO , MATSUSHIMA EISUKE 
Published: March 2008

Abstracts Chronic methamphetamine psychotics became a major problem in Japan after World War II. On one hand, the clinical symptoms of chronic methamphetamine psychotics were noted to resemble those of schizophrenics quite closely but, on the other hand, their respective personality profiles appeared to differ. Recent research on exploratory eye movements has also shown such similarities and differences. In long‐term remitted chronic methamphetamine psychotics, extremely small doses of drugs, or stress, can be enough to cause a recurrence of symptoms. This phenomenon resembles the recurrence of schizophrenia, and animal experiments and basic research are being actively conducted in order to elucidate the mechanism involved.Some 20 years ago, unique studies were conducted that objectively looked at the characteristic behavior of severe chronic schizophrenics in a playground situation. Exploratory eye movements can also be regarded as a kind of behavior and, in this paper, eye movement patterns made in response to a maze test are discussed. In addition, much research on brain imaging in schizophrenia is being conducted in Japan and several interesting studies have also been chosen by the authors for presentation in this paper.
Dying in dignity: The pros and cons of assisted suicide
Authors: DIEKSTRA RENÉ F. W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract This paper describes the historical background and the current situation regarding the practice of assisted suicide in The Netherlands. It outlines and discusses what is considered to be the ‘golden standard’ of conduct for doctors and other health professionals in this area, it describes experiences with the application of this standard and discusses some of the major pitfalls involved. It also describes the results of several empirical studies on the attitudes of the general public, and the nature and magnitude of the practice of assisted suicide in the country.It is concluded that although perfect application of the ‘Dutch Protocol’ encourages and supports careful and responsible professional conduct regarding assisted suicide and provides satisfactory safeguards both for the patients involved, (potential) survivors and society as a whole, there are many cases where the desired perfection is far from feasible, hence assistance with suicide remains very hazardous. It is also concluded, however, that health care policy makers, as well as professionals, should confront the issue of assisted suicide, since, as the historical development in The Netherlands has shown, repression and denial implicates the worst of all possible scenarios, and does not contribute at all to the primordial goals of a humane health care system: the alleviation of suffering and the prevention of premature death.
Specificity and developmental consequences of speech loss in children with pervasive developmental disorders
Authors: KURITA HIROSHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSpeech loss (SL) was compared in 276 children who had pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) with 62 children with intellectual disabilities without PDD. Speech loss seems relatively specific to PDD because it is significantly more common in children with PDD (26.1%, 72/276) than in those with intellectual disabilities (1.6%, 1/62). In three PDD categories, speech loss occurred in all the 12 children with disintegrative psychosis, 35/149 (23.5%) children with infantile autism and 25/115 (21.7%) children with other PDD. Children with pervasive developmental disorders and speech loss had spoken significantly earlier yet developed less satisfactorily after speech loss than those without it. Speech loss seems fairly specific to PDD and is indicative of unfavorable intellectual development in children with PDD.
Effects of caffeine on event‐related potentials: Comparison of oddball with single‐tone paradigms
Authors: KAWAMURA NAOKI , MAEDA HISAO , NAKAMURA JUN , MORITA KIICHIRO , NAKAZAWA YOICHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe investigated the acute effects of caffeine (500 mg) on event‐related potentials (ERP) in 10 healthy subjects using standard oddball and single‐tone paradigms. Event‐related potentials were recorded before oral ingestion of caffeine or placebo and 30 min and 210 min after. The oddball paradigm, but not the single‐tone paradigm, showed that the P300 amplitude and the area were significantly increased 30 min after ingestion of caffeine and significantly decreased 30 min after ingestion of placebo. The effects of caffeine disappeared at 210 min. Neither the P300 latency nor the reaction time changed significantly with the oddball paradigm. However, the reaction time was shortened 30 min after ingestion of caffeine with the single‐tone paradigm. These findings suggest that the caffeine‐induced increase in the P300 amplitude may have resulted from the increased allocation of attentional resources to the discriminating process which was not, however, accompanied by facilitation of the process and that caffeine may specifically stimulate the discriminating process involved in the oddball paradigm. In addition, the simple psychomotor performance of button‐pressing in response to a tone signal was accelerated by caffeine.
Electron transfer at the microbe–mineral interface: a grand challenge in biogeochemistry
Authors: FREDRICKSON J. K. , ZACHARA J. M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe interplay between microorganisms and minerals is a complex and dynamic process that has sculpted the geosphere for nearly the entire history of the Earth. The work of Dr Terry Beveridge and colleagues provided some of the first insights into metal–microbe and mineral–microbe interactions and established a foundation for subsequent detailed investigations of interactions between microorganisms and minerals. Beveridge also envisioned that interdisciplinary approaches and teams would be required to explain how individual microbial cells interact with their immediate environment at nano‐ or microscopic scales and that through such approaches and using emerging technologies that the details of such interactions would be revealed at the molecular level. With this vision as incentive and inspiration, a multidisciplinary, collaborative team‐based investigation was initiated to probe the process of electron transfer (ET) at the microbe–mineral interface. The grand challenge to this team was to address the hypothesis that multiheme c‐type cytochromes of dissimilatory metal‐reducing bacteria localized to the cell exterior function as the terminal reductases in ET to Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides. This question has been the subject of extensive investigation for years, yet the answer has remained elusive. The team involves an integrated group of experimental and computational capabilities at US Department of Energy's Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility, as the collaborative focal point. The approach involves a combination of in vitro and in vivo biologic and biogeochemical experiments and computational analyses that, when integrated, provide a conceptual model of the ET process. The resulting conceptual model will be evaluated by integrating and comparing various experimental, i.e. in vitro and in vivo ET kinetics, and theoretical results. Collectively, the grand challenge will provide a detailed view of how organisms engage with mineral surfaces to exchange energy and electron density as required for life function.
“Spread your ass cheeks”: And other things that should not be said in indigenous languages
Authors: MUEHLMANN SHAYLIH 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn this article, I describe the use of indigenous‐language swearwords by the younger generation in the Cucapá settlement of El Mayor in northern Mexico. I argue that this vocabulary functions as a critique of and a challenge to the increasingly formalized imposition of indigenous‐language capacity as a measure of authenticity and as both a formal and an informal criterion for the recognition of indigenous rights. I argue that this ethnographic case can also be read as a critique of the notion of language as a cultural repository popularized in recent linguistic anthropological literature on language endangerment. For the youth in El Mayor, indigenous identity is not located in the Cucapá language but in an awareness of a shared history of the injustices of colonization and a continuing legacy of state indifference. [language death, indigenous people, politics of recognition, Mexico, swearwords, identity, language ideology]
The lessons of slavery: Discourses of slavery,mestizaje,andblanqueamientoin an elementary school in Puerto Rico
Authors: GODREAU ISAR P. , REYES CRUZ MARIOLGA , FRANCO ORTIZ MARILUZ , CUADRADO SHERRY 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOn the basis of ethnographic research conducted in an elementary public school in Puerto Rico, we maintain in this article that subduing and narrowing the history of slavery is instrumental in the reproduction of national ideologies ofmestizajein Afro‐Latin America. We explore how school texts and practices silence, trivialize, and simplify the history of slavery and conclude that these maneuvers distance blackness from Puerto Rican identity and silence racism while upholding racial democracy andblanqueamientoas a social value. [slavery, racism in education, Puerto Rico, blanqueamiento, mestizaje, blackness, public history]
Of hungry ghosts and other matters of consumption in the Republic of Korea: The commodity becomes a ritual prop
Authors: KENDALL LAUREL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTContemporary South Korean shaman rituals(kut)incorporate new consumer goods as agentive “props,” foci that provoke mime and commentary in dramatic interactions between shamans, clients, gods, and ancestors. In the 1990s, much of this object‐centered performance concerned the moral ambiguities of consumption, an appreciation facilitated by an analytic focus on the prop itself. In this study, I argue that the play of props in ritual conveys otherwise elusive nuances regarding the play of things in everyday life and that, when new consumer goods assume the status of props, they enable commentary on the moral paradox of getting and having. [prop, consumption, commodity, South Korea, shaman, ritual, materiality]
Effect ofWithania somniferaon Insulin Sensitivity in Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Rats
Authors: Anwer Tarique , Sharma Manju , Pillai Krishna Kolappa , Iqbal Muzaffar 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We investigated the effect of an aqueous extract ofWithania somnifera(WS) on insulin sensitivity in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. NIDDM was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) to 2 days old rat pups. WS (200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day for 5 weeks after the animals were confirmed diabetic (i.e. 75 days after streptozotocin injection). A group of citrate control rats (group I) were also maintained that has received citrate buffer on the second day of their birth. A significant increase in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum insulin levels were observed in NIDDM control rats. Treatment with WS reduced the elevated levels of blood glucose, HbA1c and insulin in the NIDDM rats. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed in the same groups, in which we found a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in the rats treated with WS. The insulin sensitivity was assessed for both peripheral insulin resistance and hepatic insulin resistance. WS treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity index (KITT) that was significantly decreased in NIDDM control rats. There was significant rise in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐R) in NIDDM control rats whereas WS treatment significantly prevented the rise in HOMA‐R in NIDDM‐treated rats. Our data suggest that aqueous extract of WS normalizes hyperglycemia in NIDDM rats by improving insulin sensitivity.