bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Public Face of Presumptions
Authors: Petroski Karen 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTWe commonly think of presumptions as second-best inferential tools allowing us to reach conclusions, if we must, under conditions of limited information. Scholarship on the topic across the disciplines has espoused a common conception of presumptions that defines them according to their function within the decisionmaking process. This focus on the “private” face of presumptions has generated a predominantly critical and grudging view of them, perpetuated certain conceptual ambiguities, and, most important, neglected the fact that what we refer to as “presumptions” have distinguishing features other than the defeasibility and burden-shifting effects associated with their use as inferential tools. When a decisionmaker gives reasons for a conclusion, the decisionmaker often cites a presumption among the reasons for that conclusion; in this guise–their “public” face–presumptions display different, and uniquely valuable, features that remain hidden if we understand them only as aids to inference. This essay both surveys recent approaches to the critical analysis of presumptions in law, philosophy, and discourse studies, and offers an account of how we might begin to think about this other, public face of presumptions.
On the Epistemic Authority of Courts
Authors: Stein Alex 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper uses Carl Ginet's concept of “disinterested justification” to identify the boundaries of the epistemic authority of courts. It claims that courts exercise this authority only in the “interest-free” zone, in which their determinations of disputed facts’ probabilities can be made and justified on epistemic grounds alone. This is not the case with the “interest-laden” domain, where courts allocate risks of error under conditions of uncertainty. This domain is controlled by the risk-allocating evidentiary rules: burdens of proof, corroboration, hearsay, opinion, character, and others. These rules are driven by moral and political, rather than epistemic, reasons. Their role is to allocate the risk of error among plaintiffs, defendants, and prosecution by setting forth probability thresholds for findings of fact and the criteria for adequacy of the evidence upon which those findings can be made.
Bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionato)nickel(II)
Authors: Sherwood Trevor 
Published: April 2024

image

[
41749‐92‐2
]
or
[
14481‐08‐4
]

C
22
H
38
O
4
Ni

(MW 425.23)

InChI =
1S/2C11H20O2.Ni/c2*1‐10(2,3)8(12)7‐9(13)11(4,5)6;/h2*7,12H,1‐6H3;/q;;+2/p‐2/b2*8‐7‐

InChiKey =
PIIJAZNTPALBJL‐ATMONBRVSA‐L

(used as catalyst for polymerizations, oxidations, hydrofunctionalizations, amide alcoholysis, and cross‐coupling reactions)

Alternative Names
: nickel(II) bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionate), Ni(TMHD)
2
, Ni(thd)
2
, Nickel(II) di(pivaloyl)methane, Ni(dpm)
2
.

Physical Data
: mp 219–225 °C.

1–3

bp (sublimation) 90–110 °C/0.1 mm Hg.

3

Solubility
: soluble in hexanes, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, THF, and DMA; partially soluble in DMSO; insoluble in water.

Form Supplied in
: dark purple to light purple solid from commercial supplier (Strem catalog number 28‐0088). Recrystallized sample reported to be red needles; dry pink powder reported to turn blue on standing due to hydration.

1

Ni(TMHD)
2
·
x
H
2
O reported to be a green powder.

4

Analysis of Reagent Purity
: elemental analysis.

1

1
H NMR.

5

Preparative Methods
: mixing of methanolic solutions of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptanedione and nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate followed by the addition of water affords a precipitated solid which can be collected and dried.

1

Ultrasonic mixing of a solution of nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptanedione in methanol followed by pH adjustment affords a precipitated solid.

5

This material can also be purchased from commercial suppliers.

Purification
: recrystallization from hot dichloroethane.

1

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: material can be handled under air with standard personal protective equipment. Dried samples will slowly hydrate on standing under ambient atmosphere.

1

Purified, dried samples should be stored under inert atmosphere in a glovebox or sealed in a desiccator and need only be used in a glovebox if hydration is to be avoided.
3‐Oxo‐2‐tosyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1
H
‐1λ
3
‐benzo[
d
][1,2]iodazol‐1‐yl acetate (GenOx‐PJ)
Authors: Thai‐Savard Léa 
Published: April 2024

image

[2243393‐44‐2]

C
16
H
14
INO
5
S

(MW 459.26)

InChI =
1S/C16H14INO5S/c1‐11‐7‐9‐13(10‐8‐11)24(21,22)18‐16(20)14‐5‐3‐4‐6‐15(14)17(18)23‐12(2)19/h3‐10H,1‐2H3

InChiKey =
RQDQCGBTXDPXTH‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(decarboxylation hypervalent iodine reagent)

Physical Data
: mp: 160 °C.

Solubility
: soluble in dichloromethane, 1,2‐dichloroethane, acetone, and acetic acid. Insoluble in diethyl ether, hexanes, isopropyl acetate, acetonitrile, methanol, and water.

Form Supplied in
: white powder, commercially available.

Analysis of Reagent Purity
:
1
H NMR (400 MHz,
d
6
‐DMSO, δ): 8.02−7.95 (m, 2
H
), 7.95–7.89 (m, 2
H
), 7.86 (dd,
J
= 8.8, 0.9 Hz, 1
H
), 7.80–7.71 (m, 1
H
), 7.44 (d,
J
= 8.1 Hz, 2
H
), 2.38 (s, 3
H
), 2.26 (s, 3
H
) ppm.
13
C{1
H
} NMR (101 MHz,
d
6
‐DMSO, δ): 174.1, 162.4, 144.5, 136.8, 136.0, 132.3, 131.4, 131.2, 129.7, 128.8, 127.9, 118.0, 21.1, 20.2 ppm.

1

Preparative Method
: three‐step synthesis from 2‐iodobenzoic acid (eq 1).

image

Step 1. Synthesis of 2‐iodo‐
N
‐tosylbenzamide.

Thionyl chloride (3.53 mL, 48.4 mmol) followed by DMF (0.20 mL, 2.6 mmol) was added to 2‐iodobenzoic acid (10.0 g, 40.3 mmol) in CH
2
Cl
2
(200 mL). The mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in toluene (32 mL), and the mixture was added to a solution of 4‐toluenesulfonamide (6.90 g, 40.3 mmol), triethylamine (14.0 mL, 101 mmol), and DMAP (0.250 g, 2.02 mmol) in EtOAc (80 mL). The mixture was heated for 1 h to 60 °C, then cooled to room temperature, and quenched with 1 M HCl (50 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 50 mL), and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried over MgSO
4
. The drying agent was filtered off, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica, CH
2
Cl
2
) affording 2‐iodo‐
N
‐tosylbenzamide (15.8 g, 39.5 mmol, 98%) as a colorless oil.

Step 2. Caution: For safety reasons, the reaction was carried out behind an antiblast shield. mCPBA (77% pure; 8.85 g, 39.6 mmol) was added to a solution of 2‐iodo‐
N
‐tosylbenzamide (15.8 g, 39.5 mmol) and Ac
2
O (160 mL, 1.68 mol) in AcOH (158 mL), and the resulting mixture was heated for 48 h to 80 °C. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and diethyl ether (150 mL) was added. The desired compound (7.13 g, 15.5 mmol, 39%) was crystallized at 0 °C from the solution and was collected by filtration.

Purification
: recrystallization in diethyl ether.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: store under inert atmosphere at −20 °C in the dark. Might be shock sensitive.
Azidotrifluoromethane
Authors: Beier Petr 
Published: April 2024

image

[3802‐95‐7]

CF
3
N
3

(MW 111.03)

InChI =
1S/CF3N3/c2‐1(3,4)6‐7‐5

InChiKey =
VTWUWWKZOBMMPO‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

Physical Data
: bp −28.5 °C (at 743 torr) estimated.

Solubility
: soluble in THF, chloroform, and most organic solvents.

Form Supplied in
: solution in THF (0.5 M).

Preparative Methods
: azidotrifluoromethane

1,2

was prepared by the reaction of trifluoronitrosomethane with hydrazine, followed by the treatment with chlorine gas (eq 1).

3–5

Azidotrifluoromethane was also prepared starting from electrophilic azide reagent tosyl azide and TMSCF
3
activated with cesium fluoride and was isolated by distillation (eq 2).

6

image

image

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: CF
3
N
3
is thermally relatively stable and safe to use in laboratory in solution at temperatures <150 °C.

6

Can be stored in THF solution in a fridge or a freezer due to compound volatility. Storage in pure form in a stainless‐steel cylinder at ambient temperature at several atmospheres' pressure did not result in any significant decomposition.

5

Decomposition was reported at 1120 K to give N
2
and FCN.

7

Also, an explosion was reported at 330 °C.

4
Evaluation and mitigation of deformable image registration uncertainties for MRI‐guided adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Zhong Hualiang , Kainz Kristofer K. , Paulson Eric S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeWe evaluate the performance of a deformable image registration (DIR) software package in registering abdominal magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and then develop a mechanical modeling method to mitigate detected DIR uncertainties.Materials and MethodsThree evaluation metrics, namely mean displacement to agreement (MDA), DICE similarity coefficient (DSC), and standard deviation of Jacobian determinants (STD‐JD), are used to assess the multi‐modality (MM), contour‐consistency (CC), and image‐intensity (II)‐based DIR algorithms in the MIM software package, as well as an in‐house developed, contour matching‐based finite element method (CM‐FEM). Furthermore, we develop a hybrid FEM registration technique to modify the displacement vector field of each MIM registration. The MIM and FEM registrations were evaluated on MRIs obtained from 10 abdominal cancer patients. One‐tailed Wilcoxon‐Mann‐Whitney (WMW) tests were conducted to compare the MIM registrations with their FEM modifications.ResultsFor the registrations performed with the MIM‐CC, MIM‐MM, MIM‐II, and CM‐FEM algorithms, their average MDAs are 0.62 ± 0.27, 2.39 ± 1.30, 3.07 ± 2.42, 1.04 ± 0.72 mm, and average DSCs are 0.94 ± 0.03, 0.80 ± 0.12, 0.77 ± 0.15, 0.90 ± 0.11, respectively. The p‐values of the WMW tests between the MIM registrations and their FEM modifications are less than 0.0084 for STD‐JDs and greater than 0.87 for MDA and DSC.ConclusionsAmong the three MIM DIR algorithms, MIM‐CC shows the smallest errors in terms of MDA and DSC but exhibits significant Jacobian uncertainties in the interior regions of abdominal organs. The hybrid FEM technique effectively mitigates the Jacobian uncertainties in these regions.
Research on trajectory control of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom industrial robot based on visual image
Authors: Hu Ruiling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the trajectory control effect of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom industrial robots, this paper combines visual image technology to conduct research on trajectory control of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom industrial robots. Aiming at the problem of video segmentation under sudden illumination changes, this paper uses a Gaussian mixture model based on the global illumination function to adopt a variety of illumination invariant features, and proposes a scene segmentation algorithm suitable for sudden illumination changes. Moreover, this paper compares and verifies the algorithm from the subjective and objective perspectives through experiments, which shows that the algorithm in this paper can segment the scene more accurately even in the environment of sudden changes in illumination. In addition, the results of the accuracy test and the trajectory control test show that the research method of the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom industrial robot trajectory control based on the visual image proposed in this paper can effectively improve the trajectory control effect of the robot.
A Novel Biomimetic Catalyst with Mn4‐xNixCaO5 Structure for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Xu , Geng Zhibin , Wang Jianghao , Zhu Qian , Shao Zhiyu , Ya Ming , Yu Ying , Li Liping , Feng Shouhua , Li Guangshe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn natural plants, Mn4CaO5 cluster with metal‐oxo “distorted chair”‐like structure exhibits excellent oxygen evolution activity. However, the performance of biomimetic oxygen evolution catalysts based on the Mn4CaO5‐like structure is far inferior to expectations. Herein, Ca and Ni are first doped together into birnessite and constructed a “distorted chair”‐like structure unit Mn4‐xNixCaO5 in a birnessite‐like Ca‐Mn(Ni)‐O catalyst, the biomimetic Mn4‐xNixCaO5 unit efficiently activates lattice oxygen and boosts the O─O coupling in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which allows the catalyst to perform superior OER activity with an outstanding overpotential of 184 mV at 300 mA cm−2. Besides, the birnessite‐like Ca‐Mn(Ni)‐O catalyst is stabilized by coupling to NiMnO3 nanoplate, thus forming a stable catalyst that can work for >500 h without attenuation. This work optimizes biomimetic structures by introducing new elements, which provides new insight into developing efficient biomimetic materials.
Homogenizing Morphology and Composition of Methylammonium‐Free Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite for Efficient and Stable Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Lian Xinxin , Xu Ye , Fu Wei , Meng Rui , Ma Quanxing , Xu Chunyu , Luo Ming , Hu Ying , Han Junchao , Min Hao , Krishna Anurag , Chen Yifan , Zhou Huawei , Zhang Xueling , Chen Cong , Chang Jin , Li Can , Chen Yifeng , Feng Zhiqiang , Li Zhen , Zuo Guangzheng , Gao Jifan , Zhang Hong , Mo Xiaoliang , Chu Junhao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA facile and eco‐friendly dimethyl sulfoxide‐mediated solution aging (DMSA) treatment is presented to control the crystallization dynamics of methylammonium (MA)‐free wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite films, enhancing film quality, and morphology for high‐performance tandem solar cells. The comprehensive structural, morphological, and characterization analyses reveal that the DMSA treatment significantly enhances composition and morphology homogeneity while suppressing halide segregation. Consequently, opaque, and semi‐transparent MA‐free WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.28% and 17.61%, respectively. Notably, the unencapsulated DMSA‐treated devices maintain 95% of the initial PCE after 900 h of continuous operation at 55 °C ± 5 °C. Furthermore, stacking semi‐transparent DMSA‐treated PSCs as top cells in a 4T tandem configuration, along with silicon heterojunction (SHJ), lead–tin (Pb–Sn) alloyed PSCs, and organic photovoltaics (OPV) as bottom cells, yields impressive PCEs of 28.09%, 26.09%, and 25.28%, respectively, for the fabricated tandem cells. This innovative approach opens new avenues for enhancing the photo‐stability and photovoltaic performance of perovskite‐based tandem solar cells.
Accelerating Surface Reaction Kinetics and Enhancing Bulk as well as Surface Charge Carrier Dynamics in Al/ Al2O3‐Coated BiVO4 Photoanode
Authors: Jiang Tao , Wang Wenzhong , Bi Yue , Liang Yujie , Fu Junli , Wang Lijuan , Zhou Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution from water splitting of semiconductor photoanodes is intricately linked to their light‐absorbing capacity, surface reaction kinetics, bulk charge carrier separation efficiency, and surface charge carrier injection efficiency. Harnessing the surface plasmon resonance effect of metals emerges as a promising approach to enhance PEC performance of semiconductor photoanodes. This work presents the first application of non‐noble metal Al nanoparticles to sensitize a BiVO4 nanoporous film (NPF) photoanode. This process significantly expedites the surface kinetics of water oxidation, and improves both bulk charge carrier separation and surface carrier injection efficiencies of BiVO4 NPF photoanode. Additionally, the surface‐formed Al2O3 film effectively preserves the stability of photoanode, leading to a substantial improvement in PEC hydrogen evolution of BiVO4 NPF photoanode in a three‐electrode PEC cell with sulfite scavenger. The constructed BiVO4/Al NPF heterojunction photoanode exhibits a hydrogen evolution rate of 73.9 µmol cm⁻2 h⁻¹ at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, 1.68 times of BiVO4 photoanode. Additionally, BiVO4/Al NPF photoanode exhibits excellent stability under long‐time light irradiation of 8 h. This study provides valuable insights into the design of nonnoble‐metal‐based plasmonic photoanodes for efficient hydrogen generation through PEC cell from the perspectives of surface reaction kinetics, charge carrier injection, and separation.
Robust Chemiresistive Behavior in Conductive Polymer/MOF Composites
Authors: Roh Heejung , Kim Dong‐Ha , Cho Yeongsu , Jo Young‐Moo , del Alamo Jesús A. , Kulik Heather J. , Dincă Mircea , Gumyusenge Aristide 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for gas sensing but are often limited to single‐use detection. A hybridization strategy is demonstrated synergistically deploying conductive MOFs (cMOFs) and conductive polymers (cPs) as two complementary mixed ionic‐electronic conductors in high‐performing stand‐alone chemiresistors. This work presents significant improvement in i) sensor recovery kinetics, ii) cycling stability, and iii) dynamic range at room temperature. The effect of hybridization across well‐studied cMOFs is demonstrated based on 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) and 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaiminotriphenylene (HITP) ligands with varied metal nodes (Co, Cu, Ni). A comprehensive mechanistic study is conducted to relate energy band alignments at the heterojunctions between the MOFs and the polymer with sensing thermodynamics and binding kinetics. The findings reveal that hole enrichment of the cMOF component upon hybridization leads to selective enhancement in desorption kinetics, enabling significantly improved sensor recovery at room temperature, and thus long‐term response retention. This mechanism is further supported by density functional theory calculations on sorbate–analyte interactions. It is also found that alloying cPs and cMOFs enables facile thin film co‐processing and device integration, potentially unlocking the use of these hybrid conductors in diverse electronic applications.
Nature‐Inspired Helicoidal Nanocellulose‐Based Multi‐Compartment Assemblies with Tunable Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Mujica Randy , Augustine Anusree , Pauly Matthias , Battie Yann , Decher Gero , Houérou Vincent Le , Felix Olivier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCellulose‐based nanocomposites are highly appealing for the development of next‐generation sustainable functional materials. Although many advances have been made in this direction, the true potential of fibrillar nanocomposites has yet to be realized because available fabrication approaches are inadequate for achieving precise structural control at the sub‐micrometer scale. Here a spray‐assisted alignment methodology of cellulose nanofibrils is combined with the layer‐by‐layer assembly into an additive manufacturing process in which the alignment direction of each cellulose layer is rationally selected to achieve thin films with a helicoidal arrangement of the nanofibrils. The helicoidal structure of the films is verified by measuring the circular dichroism (CD) of the samples. The sign and position of the structural CD peak show that the handedness and the pitch of the chiral structures can be easily tuned by deliberately selecting simple parameters, such as the number of consecutive cellulose layers sprayed in the same direction, and the angle of rotation between successive stacks of layers. To the authors’ knowledge, this approach is unique as it offers the possibility to prepare complex nanocomposite architectures with various nanoscale‐controlled sub‐structures from different anisometric objects, which is enabling novel designs of composite films with damage‐resistant and/or optical filtering functionalities.
Challenges and Breakthroughs in Enhancing Temperature Tolerance of Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Che Chang , Wu Feng , Li Yu , Li Ying , Li Shuqiang , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium‐based batteries (LBBs) have been highly researched and recognized as a mature electrochemical energy storage (EES) system in recent years. However, their stability and effectiveness are primarily confined to room temperature conditions. At temperatures significantly below 0 °C or above 60 °C, LBBs experience substantial performance degradation. Under such challenging extreme contexts, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) emerge as a promising complementary technology, distinguished by their fast dynamics at low‐temperature regions and superior safety under elevated temperatures. Notably, developing SIBs suitable for wide‐temperature usage still presents significant challenges, particularly for specific applications such as electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and deep‐space/polar explorations, which requires a thorough understanding of how SIBs perform under different temperature conditions. By reviewing the development of wide‐temperature SIBs, the influence of temperature on the parameters related to battery performance, such as reaction constant, charge transfer resistance, etc., is systematically and comprehensively analyzed. The review emphasizes challenges encountered by SIBs in both low and high temperatures while exploring recent advancements in SIB materials, specifically focusing on strategies to enhance battery performance across diverse temperature ranges. Overall, insights gained from these studies will drive the development of SIBs that can handle the challenges posed by diverse and harsh climates.
Bistable Electrochromic Ionogels via Supramolecular Interactions for Energy‐Efficient Displays
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Lei Chuxin , Guan Weixin , Wu Kai , Zhang Bowen , Yu Guihua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBistable electrochromic (EC) materials and systems offer significant potential for building decarbonization through their optical modulation and energy efficiency. However, challenges such as limited design strategies and bottlenecks in cost, fabrication, and color have hindered the full commercialization of energy‐saving EC windows and displays, with few materials achieving true bistability. Herein, a novel strategy for designing bistable electrochromic materials is proposed by leveraging supramolecular interactions. These interactions facilitate reversible color transitions, stabilize the colored structure, and enable spatial confinement to inhibit diffusion, thereby achieving bistable electrochromism. The mechanisms and materials underlying these unconventional electrochromic systems are substantiated through detailed characterization. This strategy enables the preparation of low‐cost and sustainable transparent electrochromic displays with high performance. Notably, the display information remains clearly visible for more than 2 h without consuming energy. Involving biomass materials and removable device structures also enhances the sustainability and scalability of EC technology applications and development. These results demonstrate the crucial role of supramolecular chemistry in the development of cutting‐edge materials for applications such as energy‐saving smart windows.
Sub‐Nanometer Mono‐Layered Metal–Organic Frameworks Nanosheets for Simulated Flue Gas Photoreduction
Authors: He Dong , Wang Qian , Rong Yan , Xin Zhifeng , Liu Jing‐Jing , Li Qiang , Shen Kejing , Chen Yifa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe dilemma between the thickness and accessible active site triggers the design of porous crystalline materials with mono‐layered structure for advanced photo‐catalysis applications. Here, a kind of sub‐nanometer mono‐layered nanosheets (Co‐MOF MNSs) through the exfoliation of specifically designed Co3 cluster‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported. The sub‐nanometer thickness and inherent light‐sensitivity endow Co‐MOF MNSs with fully exposed Janus Co3 sites that can selectively photo‐reduce CO2 into formic acid under simulated flue gas. Notably, the production efficiency of formic acid by Co‐MOF MNSs (0.85 mmol g−1 h−1) is ≈13 times higher than that of the bulk counterpart (0.065 mmol g−1 h−1) under a simulated flue gas atmosphere, which is the highest in reported works up to date. Theoretical calculations prove that the exposed Janus Co3 sites with simultaneously available sites possess higher activity when compared with single Co site, validating the importance of mono‐layered nanosheet morphology. These results may facilitate the development of functional nanosheet materials for CO2 photo‐reduction in potential flue gas treatment.