bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Different Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Precipitation-Hardened Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Negron Juan , Ali Majed , Almotari Abdalmageed , Algamal Anwar , Alafaghani Ala’aldin , Qattawi Ala 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties of additively manufactured metal parts are often considered inferior to those of their traditionally manufactured counterparts. These inferior mechanical properties are primarily attributed to prevalent defects inherent in additive manufacturing processes, leading to reduced performance and durability. Researchers have extensively studied processing parameters and post-processing techniques to determine optimal conditions for improving the mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion. This study investigates the densification and microstructure characteristics of laser powder bed fusion 15-5 precipitation-hardened stainless steel. The effects of three developed post-heat treatments and three build directions are examined. The results reveal that heat treatment schedules influence material strength and hardness at the cost of reduced ductility, while the fabrication build direction impacts surface porosity. Prolonged heat treatment procedures resulted in the highest hardness values due to enhanced homogenization.
3α-Hydroxybufadienolides in Bufo gallbladders: structural insights and biotransformation
Authors: Ruan Li-Jun , Song Zhi-Jun , Jiang Ren-Wang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBufadienolides, naturally occurring steroids primarily found in toads, have garnered attention for their pharmacological properties and ecological significance. In this study, we isolated and identified 21 bufadienolides from the gallbladders of Bufo gargarizans, comprising four new compounds and 17 known ones. Notably, the predominance of 15 bufadienolides with a 3α-OH configuration in toad bile differs significantly from the 3β-OH bufadienolides found in venom secreted by toad glands. Moreover, our investigation into the biotransformation of 3β-OH and 3α-OH bufadienolides in the liver and kidney tissues of toads revealed an irreversible conversion from 3β-OH to 3α-OH bufadienolides, suggesting a crucial role in toad self-detoxification. These findings provide valuable insights into the structural diversity of bufadienolides and advance our understanding of their medical and ecological significance.
Graphical Abstract
Investigating the thickness of patterned polyethylene layers by changing the line speed and temperature in the embossing machine
Authors: Altuncu Ekrem , Tuccar Kilic Nilay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Patterned polyethylene films are mandatory products in the rubber tire industry. They are used as protective lining to prevent contamination of the rubber. This pattern geometry (2D and 3D) prevents the rubber from sticking to each other. The film is desired to be homogeneous, precise in thickness, and have sufficient mechanical strength. The speed and the temperature of the pattern-forming machine are among the factors that determine this relationship between the thickness of the film and its mechanical properties for sustainable quality production. In this study, the effect of the speed and the temperature of the pattern machine on the pattern thickness during the creation of the pyramid-shaped pattern applied on a 100 ± 5 µm thick polyethylene film were examined. Four different machine speeds (24, 26, 28, and 30 m/min) and three different temperatures (100, 110, and 120 °C) were studied as variables. The impact of parameters on film thicknesses and tensile properties was assessed. Film thickness varied from ~ 375 to ~ 340 µm at higher machine speed, strength-at-break values decreased from 28 to 22 MPa, and elongation values dropped from 575 to 437% with the increment in speed. On the other hand, at higher temperatures, thickness rose from ~ 360 to ~ 390 µm, and elongation values reduced from 440 to 410%. Within the scope of the experimental studies, it was observed that the film thickness changes and the mechanical properties can be controlled by changing the line speed or process temperature.

Graphical abstract
Validation of the Slovenian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale as a screening tool for the detection of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Špeh Andreja , Kalar Irena , Pirtošek Zvezdan , Kramberger Milica Gregorič 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
The Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) is commonly used for detecting individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the Slovenian MoCA as a screening tool for MCI and to determine the optimal cut-off point to detect MCI in the elderly population.

Methods
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), MoCA, and neuropsychological testing assessment were conducted on 93 individuals aged ≥ 60 years. MCI was found in 35 individuals with 58 cognitively asymptomatic controls. Cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity of MoCA were calculated with the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
MCI and healthy individuals did not differ with respect to age and education. Healthy individuals (M = 24.5, SD = 1.7) performed significantly better on MoCA compared to MCI individuals (M = 21.4, SD = 3.2) (p < 0.001). The Cronbach’s α of MoCA as an index of internal consistency was 0.64. MoCA distinguished between healthy controls and MCI individuals with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 74%, using a cut-off of 23/24 points.

Conclusion
The Slovenian version of MoCA demonstrates an optimal cut-off value of 23/24 points for detecting older individuals with MCI. As a screening tool for MCI, its better diagnostic accuracy makes it preferable to using MMSE.
Linking conventional activated sludge treatment plant performances for micropollutants removal to environmental risk and SimpleTreat model assessment
Authors: Di Marcantonio C. , Chiavola A. , Spagnoli D. , Meşe B. , Margarita F. , Gioia V. , Frugis A. , Leoni S. , Cecchini G. , Spizzirri M. , Boni M. R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe attention to the contaminants of emerging concerns or micropollutants is continuously rising, also stimulated by the new initiatives at European level. The present study focuses on the removal of target micropollutants in a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant which is the most common system and considered a source of micropollutants to the environment. The aims were to evaluate the removal efficiency of different stages of the wastewater treatment plant and to conduct the Environmental Risk Assessment on the final effluent. As indicated by the European’s guidelines on Environmental Risk Assessment, the SimpleTreat4.1 model was applied to this purpose: different values of the biodegradation constant, which represents the key factor for modelling, were applied, and the effects on the quality of prediction were evaluated. The evaluations were carried out thorough 3-year monitoring activity in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant on 10 micropollutants belonging to the classes of illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals and psychoactive. The model was found statistically not satisfactory for most of the investigated micropollutants. A better prediction was obtained when the biodegradation constant was calculated based on the full-scale data. Nonetheless, the results obtained in terms of risk were considered acceptable and comparable among each other.
Graphical abstract
Students’ Verification and Elaboration in Outdoor Mathematics: The Role of Digital Feedback in MathCityMap
Authors: Jablonski Simone 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this article, the role of digital feedback that was provided in an outdoor mathematics education setting is taken into consideration. Using the app MathCityMap (2020) in the context of a mathematics trail, the influence of positive and/or negative feedback is examined in relation to how it influences the processes of verification and elaboration. In this context, special emphasis is placed on the students’ verification and elaboration and their relation to reasoning. In this qualitative study, 19 secondary students were filmed while solving mathematics tasks outdoors without digital support, as well as in indoor settings to enable a comparison. The results show that negative feedback in particular leads to a verification of the result. Still, an elaboration and explanation of why a result was incorrect was not often explicitly formulated by the students. Therefore, the potential of feedback is mainly seen in giving students a clear idea about the correctness of the result and searching for an alternative strategy to solve the task when in an outdoor setting.
Becoming-Woman and Time: When is the Subject of Feminism?
Authors: Bowen Charlie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the use of Deleuze and Guattari's concept of “becoming-woman” for feminist theory. Since its first use, the concept has polarized feminist theory. For some, it presents the route out of masculinist logics that third-wave feminism has sought; for others, it denies the female experience and returns “woman” to universalizing, implicitly masculine presuppositions. The paper argues that both are partly right, and that the disagreement stems from an underdeveloped consideration of how “being” and “becoming” coexist in time. Following Rosi Braidotti, the paper claims that “woman” must be understood not in essentialist terms, but as the “virtual feminine” who is the contested subject of sexual difference. Seen this way, woman's being is inseparable from her becoming. The paper therefore argues that we must understand the mutually constitutive relation of being and becoming that produces “woman” in this sense. Drawing on Deleuze's discussion of Aion and Chronos, the paper sees the subject of feminism as temporally dislocated, with both a being and a becoming, rooted in a present that she is always moving beyond. But it claims that this is central for reconciling the conflicting understandings of becoming-woman, and so for preserving the concept as a feminist tool.
Rethinking Innovation in Drugs: A Pathway to Health for All
Authors: Mazzucato Mariana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the misalignment of the drug innovation model in the US with broader societal goals. The paper calls for a reconfiguration of this model to prioritize the common good and ensure equitable access to health innovations. The article stresses the importance of adopting a mission-oriented approach to shape the drug market, including reforming intellectual property rights.
NIH Licensing Would Benefit from Free-Market Provisions
Authors: Feldman Robin , Rosen Zachary 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGovernment encouragement of free markets is a highly effective means of fostering pharmaceutical innovation; the NIH, by including “free-market provisions” in its licensing agreements that discourage anti-competitive and research-impeding behavior, can do a great deal to support this goal even without legislative overhaul.
The diversity of teleost fishes during the terminal Cretaceous and the consequences of the K/Pg boundary extinction event
Authors: Schwarzhans Werner W. , Carnevale Giorgio , Stringer Gary L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Late Cretaceous was a time of blossoming teleost diversification that came to a sudden restriction and partial termination during the extinction event at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. Among the dominant and diverse Late Cretaceous teleost groups prior to the K/Pg boundary event were certain pelagic Aulopiformes (e.g., Ichthyotringoidei and Enchodontoidei) and a large variety of basal Acanthomorpha whose relationships are difficult to determine. The skeletal record diminishes during the late Campanian and is low in the Maastrichtian and Paleocene, constituting the so-called ‘Patterson’s Gap’. Recent studies of fossil otoliths, however, have significantly increased the number of taxa recognised for this time inerval, but most of the putative extinct forms lack adequate calibration with otoliths found in situ in articulated skeletons. However, the otolith assemblages do confirm the presence of great morphological diversity among Aulopiformes and Acanthomorpha incertae sedis that became extinct at the K/Pg boundary. In the present review, we elucidate the effect of the K/Pg boundary from an otolith perspective and categorise extinct lineages and survivors. It is interesting to recognise that several of the surviving lineages are represented by groups that probably originated during the Late Cretaceous but were not particularly common up to the K/Pg boundary and began to expand rapidly and diversify during the early Paleogene. Such lineages probably took advantage to populate void ecospace that may have opened following the extirpation of previously dominant lineages. During the early Paleogene, the otolith record shows that the Ophidiiformes and perciforms s. lat. were the ones that diversified the most rapidly and became the most abundant, and in certain areas associated with the Gadiformes.
Digital learning in techno-utopia? Do-it-yourself education in Kibera, Nairobi
Authors: Van Doninck Nele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article argues that, despite techno-utopian narratives of digital self-directed learning (through content freely available on the internet) and its proposed opportunities for upward social mobility, digital learning is and remains a highly contextual practice, rooted in local realities and aspirational trajectories. Through learning with a community-based organization (CBO) that offers tech training to youth from low-income neighbourhoods in Kibera, Nairobi, I argue that digital learning does not replace formal education but rather is strategically incorporated into already existing learning practices. Although Nairobi has been extensively studied as a frontrunner in technology uptake and development in Africa, it is crucial to also look at technology practices and uptake away from elite design and use, to extend and deepen our knowledge of how the digital realm plays out in the lives of the majority of urban residents.
FabricFolding: learning efficient fabric folding without expert demonstrations
Authors: He Can , Meng Lingxiao , Sun Zhirui , Wang Jiankun , Meng Max Q.-H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAutonomous fabric manipulation is a challenging task due to complex dynamics and potential self-occlusion during fabric handling. An intuitive method of fabric-folding manipulation first involves obtaining a smooth and unfolded fabric configuration before the folding process begins. However, the combination of quasi-static actions like pick & place and dynamic action like fling proves inadequate in effectively unfolding long-sleeved T-shirts with sleeves mostly tucked inside the garment. To address this limitation, this paper introduces an enhanced quasi-static action called pick & drag, specifically designed to handle this type of fabric configuration. Additionally, an efficient dual-arm manipulation system is designed in this paper, which combines quasi-static (including pick & place and pick & drag) and dynamic fling actions to flexibly manipulate fabrics into unfolded and smooth configurations. Subsequently, once it is confirmed that the fabric is sufficiently unfolded and all fabric keypoints are detected, the keypoint-based heuristic folding algorithm is employed for the fabric-folding process. To address the scarcity of publicly available keypoint detection datasets for real fabric, we gathered images of various fabric configurations and types in real scenes to create a comprehensive keypoint dataset for fabric folding. This dataset aims to enhance the success rate of keypoint detection. Moreover, we evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed system in real-world settings, where it consistently and reliably unfolds and folds various types of fabrics, including challenging situations such as long-sleeved T-shirts with most parts of sleeves tucked inside the garment. Specifically, our method achieves a coverage rate of 0.822 and a success rate of 0.88 for long-sleeved T-shirts folding. Supplemental materials and dataset are available on our project webpage at https://sites.google.com/view/fabricfolding.
Adapting language development research paradigms to online testing: Data from preferential looking, word learning and vocabulary assessment in toddlers
Authors: NGUYEN Delphine K-L. , FITZPATRICK Nadine , FLOCCIA Caroline 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
During the recent pandemic, it became necessary to adapt lab-based studies to online experiments. To investigate the impact of online testing on the quality of data, we focus on three paradigms widely used in infant research: a word recognition task using the Intermodal Preferential Looking Paradigm, a word learning task using the Switch task, and a language assessment tool (WinG) where children identify a target word amongst a set of picture cards. Our results for synchronous and asynchronous studies provide support for the robustness of online testing. In Experiment 1, robust word recognition was found in 24-month-old toddlers. In Experiment 2, 17-month-old infants consistently learned a new word. Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrated that 19- to 26-month-old children performed well on a language assessment test administered online. Overall, effect sizes or language scores were found to be higher than in lab-based studies. These experiments point to promising possibilities for reaching out to families around the world.
Prevalence and clinical significance of late gadolinium enhancement in children and adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ong Leong Tung , Fan Si Wei David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectives:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death among the paediatric population. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of late gadolinium enhancement, as assessed by cardiac MRI, in paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Ovid SP to identify relevant studies. Pooled estimates with a 95% confidence interval were calculated using the random-effects generic inverse variance model. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager v5.4 and R programming.Results:Seventeen studies were included in this meta-analysis, encompassing a total of 778 patients. Late gadolinium enhancement was highly prevalent in paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with a pooled prevalence of 51% (95% confidence interval, 40–62%). The estimated extent of focal fibrosis expressed as a percentage of left ventricular mass was 4.70% (95% confidence interval, 2.11–7.30%). The presence of late gadolinium enhancement was associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiac events (pooled odds ratio 3.49, 95% confidence interval 1.10–11.09). The left ventricular mass index of late gadolinium enhancement-positive group was higher than the negative group, with a standardised mean difference of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.42–1.41).Conclusion:This meta-analysis demonstrates that prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement in paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is similar to that in the adult population. The presence and extent of late gadolinium enhancement are independent predictors of adverse cardiac events, underscoring their prognostic significance among the paediatric population.
Evaluation of yield-based selection indices for drought tolerance involving recombinant inbred line population derived from a chickpea cultivar (C. arietinum L.) and its wild relative (C. reticulatum)
Authors: Kushwah Ashutosh , Singh Inderjit , Singh Gurprit , Bindra Shayla , Vij Suruchi , Johal Norah , Kaur Kuldeep , Bhatia Dharminder , Singh Sarvjeet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDrought is a major abiotic stress worldwide limiting chickpea yield drastically. Low heritability and high genotype × environment interactions make the trait-based breeding strategy an unreliable approach. This study was planned to identify the drought-tolerant lines by evaluating yield-based selection indices in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an inter-specific cross between drought-tolerant genotype GPF 2 (Cicer arietinum L.) and drought-sensitive accession ILWC 292 (C. reticulatum) at two locations in India (Ludhiana and Faridkot). A total of six yield-based selection indices were calculated and significant variation was observed in the RILs and their parents for yield-based selection indices at both locations. A holistic approach across association analysis and principal component analysis identified drought tolerance index, mean productivity, geometric mean productivity and harmonic mean productivity as key selection indices, which could be used for indirect selection of drought-tolerant lines. Overall, on the basis of these approaches, a total of 15 promising RILs were identified for their use in chickpea breeding programme for developing drought-tolerant cultivars.
Where are the Eddington-limited starbursts? Gravitational lensing provides a way forward for sub-kiloparsec views of star formation
Authors: Kamieneski Patrick S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, submillimeter surveys have been employed to define samples of gravitationally-lensed dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z ∼ 1 − 4. These extreme objects () appear to form stars prodigiously at rates of . Using all-sky Planck and WISE surveys, and wide-area Herschel surveys, we have identified the PASSAGES sample, with some of the rarest hyper-luminous IR galaxies ever discovered. We have found that their globally-averaged star formation surface densities are always sub-Eddington, typically by an order of magnitude. This may suggest that our understanding of how radiation pressure from massive stars disrupts the collapse of molecular clouds (thereby quenching star formation) is flawed—or simply that smaller physical resolutions are necessary. With the aid of lensing, we can now capture the source-plane distribution of star formation at ∼ 100pc scales, letting us identify isolated super-Eddington regions where quenching is occurring.
Simulating high-realistic galaxy scale strong lensing in galaxy clusters to train deep learning methods
Authors: Angora G. , Rosati P. , Meneghetti M. , Brescia M. , Mercurio A. , Grillo C. , Bergamini P. , Acebron A. , Caminha G. , Tortorelli L. , Bazzanini L. , Vanzella E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGalaxy-galaxy strong lensing in galaxy clusters is a unique tool for studying the subhalo mass distribution, as well as for testing predictions from cosmological simulations. We describe a novel method that simulates realistic lensed features embedded inside the complexity of observed data by exploiting high-precision cluster lens models. Such methodology is used to build a large dataset with which Convolutional Neural Networks have been trained to identify strong lensing events in galaxy clusters. In particular, we inject lensed sources around cluster members using the images acquired by the Hubble Space Telescope. The resulting simulated mock data preserve the complexity of observation by taking into account all the physical components that could affect the morphology and the luminosity of the lensing events. The trained networks achieve a purity-completeness level of ∼ 91% in detecting such events. The methodology presented can be extended to other data-intensive surveys carried out with the next-generation facilities.