bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous outgrowth of epstein‐barr virus‐positive B‐cell lines from circulating human B cells of different buoyant densities
Authors: Yao Q. Y. , Czarnecka H. , Rickinson A. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) has potent cell‐growth‐transforming activity for human B lymphocytes in vitro, yet appears to persist in the circulating B‐cell pool of virus carriers in vivo as a largely asymptomatic (i.e., non‐growth‐transforming) infection. The true nature of this infection, and the identity of the cells involved, remain to be determined. Studies of Lewin et al. (1987) have suggested (i) that the frequency of virus‐infected cells in the circulating B‐cell pool differs in different buoyant density fractions, being most abundant in the low‐density population, and (ii) that rare virus‐infected cells with the capacity for direct in vitro outgrowth to EBV‐transformed cell lines are segregated within the high‐density population. We have repeated this work using B‐cell fractions from a much larger panel of asymptomatic virus carriers and find (i) that the incidence of virus‐infected B cells Is not significantly different between high‐and low‐density fractions, and (ii) that virus‐infected cells from both fractions give rise to EBV‐transformed cell lines in culture predominantly through a 2‐step mechanism of virus replication and secondary infection rather than by direct outgrowth.
Sensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cancer: A comparison of the tissue distribution of photofrin ii and aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate in nude mice bearing a human malignant tumor
Authors: Peng Q. , Moan J. , Kongshaug M. , Evensen Jan F. , Anholt H. , Rimington C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of Photofrin II (P‐II) and aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AIPCS4) in tissues of BALB/c nu/nu nude mice bearing the LOX human melanoma was measured fluorimetrically at different times after intraperitoneal injection of the drugs, 20 mg/kg body weight. The plasma levels of the drugs as well as the excretion in feces and urine were also determined. The plasma concentrations of both drugs were found to build up In a similar manner during the first 30 min after injection. Thereafter, the plasma level of AIPCS4 decreased exponentially with an elimination half‐life of 1.5 hr. The kinetics of elimination of P‐ll from the plasma were consistent with a 2‐compartment model, with 90% of sensitizer lost with a half‐life of about 5 hr, and the remaining fraction with a half‐life of 30 hr. About 80% of the injected dose of P‐II was excreted in the feces during the 7‐days following injection, while 77% of AlPCS4 was excreted in the urine during the same period. After injection of a dose of 20 mg/kg, the concentrations of P‐II in the LOX tumor as well as in the skin, muscle, brain, heart, lung, kidney and liver increased for about 24 hr, then remained constant or decreased slowly for the next 48 hr, after which they decreased slightly faster. On the other hand, the concentrations of AIPCS4 in most tissues as well as in the tumor peaked at about 30 min, then decreased with a half‐life of between 1.5 and 3 hr. The tumor/skin concentration ratio was about I for both drugs (1–24 hr after injection). The tumor/muscle concentration ratio was about 2 for P‐II at all sampling times, and maximally 10 (at 18 hr after injection) for AIPCS4. In the present tumor model, the tumor/tissue concentration ratio for all tissues at I hr and at 24 hr after the injection was equal for the 2 drugs or higher for AIPCS4.
Tumour‐growth suppression in nude mice by a murine monoclonal antibody: Factors hampering successful therapy
Authors: Johansson Christina , Segrén Sverker , Lindholm Leif 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe murlne MAb C215 has been shown to mediate ADMMC In vitro and to have a tumour‐growth‐suppressive effect on xenografted COLO 205 human colocarcinoma cells in nude mice. To overcome the limitations of MAb therapy, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of tumour‐ growth suppression. In the present work, we have used C215 to define the Importance of different parameters involved in tumour therapy with murine IgG2a antibodies. The results show that there exists a period of roughly 2 days after inoculation into animals during which the tumour cells are sensitive to an inhibitory antibody‐mediated effect. After this initial period, the In‐vlvo sensitivity of tumour cells to antibody‐ mediated Inhibition Is much reduced. Tumour cells can remain “dormant” and, despite ongoing antibody treatment, develop Into tumours with a reduced growth rate, which is not caused by outgrowth of antigen‐deficient tumour cells. Finally, a pronounced dependence of antibody‐mediated tumour suppression on antibody dose was observed.
Human small‐cell lung‐cancer cells are cytokine‐resistant but NK/LAK‐sensitive
Authors: Lagadec Patricia F. , Saraya Khaled A. , Balkwill Frances R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have studied the effects of 8 cytokines and their combinations on the in vitro growth of 10 human small‐cell cancer lines (SCLC). Interferon‐α and γ (IFN‐α and γ) caused significant but slight growth inhibition over a 7‐day incubation period. However, none of the other 6 cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin (LT), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), or granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), modified SCLC cell proliferation. In contrast, all 10 lines were sensitive to lysis by natural killer (NK) and lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells. Sensitivity to LAK cells could be Increased by pretreatment of SCLC cells with IFN‐γ. As resistance to the cytostatic/cytotoxic activity of some cytokines has been associated with autocrine production of cytokines, we screened the SCLC lines for cytokine mRNAs. Within the limits of detection of the assay we found no expression of TNF, TGF‐β1, IL‐1β or IL‐6 mRNA in the 10 SCLC lines.
The risk of cancer at all sites following gastric operation for benign disease. A cohort study of 4,224 patients
Authors: Eide Tor J. , Viste Asgaut , Andersen Aage , Søreide Odd 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report represents the results of a historical cohort analysis of 3,360 males and 864 females who had a gastric resection or gastroenterostomy for benign disease between 1900 and 1969. Within the period 1970 to 1988 the cohort was cross‐checked with the data files at the Cancer Registry of Norway to identify the patients in whom cancer had been diagnosed. When analyzed according to cancer sites, increased risk was recorded for the oropharynx, stomach, colon, pancreas, liver, biliary tract, larynx, lungs, urinary bladder and non‐melanomatous cancers of the skin In males. In females, increased risk was only observed for the oropharynx, but was close to a statistically significant level also for cancer of the stomach. A lower number of tumors of the central nervous system than expected was observed in both males and females. The increased risk of cancer of the lungs, larynx and urinary bladder in males can be regarded as evidence of the high prevalence of smokers in the cohort. We suggest that die increased risk of cancer of digestive organs Is mainly related to life‐style factors, particularly tobacco‐specific nitrosamlnes whose effect Is enhanced by surgical sequelae.
Patients treated with a monoclonal antibody (ab1) to the colorectal carcinoma antigen 17–1A develop a cellular response (DTH) to the “internal image of the antigen” (ab2)
Authors: Mellstedt Håkan , Frodin Jan‐Erik , Biberfeld Peter , Fagerberg Jan , Gisombe Ricardo , Hernandez Aleida , Masucci Giuseppe , Li Su‐Ling , Steinitz Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe anti‐tumor effector functions of unconjugated MAb in cancer therapy are not fully understood. Direct cytotoxic mechanisms have been demonstrated as well as induction of anti‐idiotypic (ab2) and anti‐anti‐idiotypic (ab3) antibodies. If such a humoral response is induced, then an idiotypic cellular response would also be anticipated. Human monoclonal ab2s which mimic a tumor‐associated antigen (TAA) (CO17–1A) of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells (“the internal image of the antigen”) were produced. These ab2s were injected intradermally to patients with metastatic CRC who had been treated with the anti‐colon carcinoma MAb 17–1A (ab1). Five out of 12 patients had a specific DTH (delayed‐type hypersensitivity) reaction of the tuberculin type, which was proven by immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies. Serum ab, was demonstrated In 4/4 tested DTH+ patients and also in 4 DTH patients. Control patients did not show any skin reactivity. Generation of an idiotypic response induced by the infused antibody (ab1) might be regarded as an active anti‐tumor “vaccination”. Induction of an idiotypic cellular and humoral cascade might be an important anti‐tumor effector function of MAb and should be considered in future strategies for such therapy in cancer patients.
Oncofetal expression of the human intestinal mucin glycoprotein antigens in gastrointestinal epithelium defined by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Hertzog Paul J. , Robinson H. Clem. , Ma Jeng , Mackay Ian R. , Linnane Anthony W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA mucin preparation from a colonic adenocarcinoma was used to prepare monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that reacted specifically either with normal adult small‐intestine mucin antigen(s) (SIMA), or normal adult large‐intestine mucin antigen(s) (LIMA). Both SIMA and LIMA show a unique oncofetal pattern of expression. Thus SIMA was expressed in early fetal stomach, large and small Intestines but thereafter only in the normal small intestine. SIMA expression was detected immunohistochemically in cancers of the colorectum (82/112) and stomach (48/86). LIMA was detected in the stomach of the early fetus but thereafter only in the normal large intestine. LIMA expression was detected in 61/86 cancers of the stomach. Moreover, both SIMA and LIMA were expressed inappropriately in mucosa adjacent to tumors, indicative of the detection of possible pre‐malignant epithelium. We used a sandwich ELISA and biochemical procedures to show that the SIMA and LIMA molecules were large extensively glycosylated multi‐unit mucin glycoproteins that differed markedly from each other. SIMA, whether extracted from normal small‐intestine or colonic cancers, had a molecular weight above 1.000 kDa, a mean buoyant density 1.33 g/ml and s value of 4.8. LIMA had a molecular weight above 10.000 kDa, a mean buoyant density 1.45 g/ml and an s value 9.5. The SIMA and LIMA epitopes were judged to be carbohydrate in nature by reason of their resistance to harsh physical chemical treatments or protease digestion, and sensitivity to periodate oxidation, neuraminidase or β elimination. Only the SIMA epitope was sensitive to neuraminidase. In conclusion, MAbs to carbohydrate‐dependent epitopes on SIMA and LIMA identify the oncofetal pattern of expression of these distinct intestinal mucin glycoproteins in colonic and gastric carcinoma. These MAbs will be useful in further studies of the significance of oncofetal mucin expression during carcinogenesis.
Barrett's esophagus: Epidemiological and clinical results of a multicentric survey
Authors:   Gruppo operativo per lo studio delle precancerosi dell'esofago (GOSPE)
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1987 we established an kalian multicenter study involving 16 gastroenterologic institutions. The main aims of the study were to assess the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in a cohort of patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and the relationship between endoscopic and histologic features. We enrolled 14,898 consecutive patients, and found 251 (1.7%) had endoscopic findings consistent with Barrett's esophagus and/or esophagitis (grade 2 to 4 according to Savary). On histological examination, Barrett's esophagus was confirmed in III of 251 patients (44.2%). The crude prevalence rate of BE, based on histology, was 7.4/1000, and was 2.6‐fold higher In males than In females (c.i. 1.7–4.0). Barrett's esophagus proved to be 25‐fold more frequent among patients who complained of heartburn (80.1/1000) than among the others (3.2/1000). Specialized columnar epithelium was identified In 69 of 111 cases (62.2%) and the proportionate distribution of the histological subtypes was similar in males and in females (chi‐square Idf = 0.20, p = n.s.). Dysplasia was detected in 7 patients, all of whom had specialized columnar epithelium (6 low grade and 1 high grade). In conclusion, we believe that our rate of 7.4/1000 approaches the true prevalence rate of Barrett's esophagus, as it is based on our study of unselected patients presenting for initial evaluation of a variety of UGI symptoms. The occurrence of dysplasia in specialized columnar epithelium suggests that patients with this subtype of Barrett's esophagus may be at increased risk for developing cancer and might, therefore, benefit most from surveillance.
Evaluation of circulating tumor necrosis factor‐α in patients with gynecological malignancies
Authors: De Jaco Pierandrea , Asselain Bernard , Orlandi Camillo , Fridman Wolf Herman , Teillaud Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTNF‐α levels in sera from patients with gynecological cancers were evaluated by ELISA and compared with those of patients with benign ovarian cysts or of anonymous healthy donors. Patients with cervical and endometrial carcinoma and with benign ovarian cysts showed levels of TNF‐α similar to those of healthy donors. In contrast, significantly increased levels of TNF‐α were found in patients with ovarian carcinoma, regardless of the stage of disease.
Antibody response to immunization with ganglioside GD3 and GD3 congeners (lactones, amide and gangliosidol) in patients with malignant melanoma
Authors: Ritter Gerd , Boosfeld Erika , Adluri Rita , Calves Michele , Oettgen Herbert F. , Old Lloyd J. , Livingston Philip 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGD3 is the ganglioside most abundantly expressed on the cell surface of human melanoma, and treatment with a murine MAb recognizing GD3 has induced major responses in a small proportion of patients with melanoma. We have therefore attempted to induce production of GD3 antibodies in melanoma patients by active immunization. We found, however, that vaccination with GD3‐expressing melanoma cells or purified GD3 does not result in antibody production. We describe here attempts to overcome the poor immunogenicity of GD3 in patients with melanoma by chemical modification. GD3 lactones, GD3 amide and GD3 gangliosidol were synthesized, and the humoral immune response to these derivatives was analyzed. Immunization of melanoma patients with these GD3 derivatives resulted in production of IgM antibodies and, in the case of GD3 amide, also of IgG antibodies. The antibodies to the GD3 derivatives did not cross‐react with GD3. This is in contrast to observations In the mouse, where GD3 lactone I induced antibodies that showed cross‐reactivity with GD3. Thus, the human immune response was specifically directed toward the modified epitope, rather than to the native structure.
Variations in centromeric heterochromatin among patients with pre‐malignant and malignant oral diseases
Authors: Dave Bhavana J. , Trivedi Amit H. , Adhvaryu Siddharth G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolymorphism of heterochromatic regions of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 was studied in 60 oral cancer patients, in 40 patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and in 60 normal healthy subjects. The size heteromorphism was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in chromosome 1 of the patients. Localization variants were also significantly more frequent among the patients (p < 0.05 for OSMF and < 0.001 for oral cancer patients). The C‐band heteromorphism patterns remained comparable in OSMF and in oral cancer patients, with chromosome 1 being the most frequently involved. On correlating the tobacco/areca‐nut chewing habit with the presence of C‐band heteromorphism, we observed that C‐band heteromorphism was present in 89% of the habit‐free oral cancer patients and 80% of the OSMF patients with relatively shorter exposure to this habit, i.e. < 5 years. This signifies that genetic factors are important in the causation of oral precancerous and cancerous conditions and that polymorphism of the heterochromatic regions does appear to play a role in these conditions.
Diet and thyroid cancer: A pooled analysis of four european case‐control studies
Authors: Franceschi Silvia , Levi Fabio , Negri Eva , Fassina Ambrogio , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between frequencies of consumption of selected indicator foods and the risk of thyroid cancer was Investigated in a pooled analysis of 4 case‐control studies conducted in 3 areas of northern Italy and the Swiss Canton of Vaud, on a total of 385 historically confirmed cases of thyroid cancer and 798 controls in hospital for acute, non‐neoplastic, non‐hormone‐related diseases. Cases tended to consume significantly more frequently a number of starchy foods: the odds ratio (OR) for the highest vs. lowest tertile was 1.8 for pasta or rice, 2.1 for bread, 1.6 for pastry and 2.0 for potatoes. ORs also tended to be above unity for several types of meat and significantly so for chicken and poultry, cooked ham, salami and sausages. Raw ham and fish were significantly protective (OR = 0.7 in the highest tertile for both). Significant direct associations were observed with cheese (OR = 1.4 for the highest tertile), butter (OR = 2.1) and oils other than olive (OR = 1.6). The risk estimates were below unity for most types of vegetables and fruits, and the Inverse trends were significant for carrots (OR = 0.6 for the highest tertile), green salad (OR = 0.6) and citrus fruits (OR = 0.7). No association was observed with alcohol intake. These results were consistent and reproducible across various study centers.
Induction of in vitro and in vivo anti‐tumor responses by sensitization of mice with liposomes containing a crude butanol extract of leukemia cells and transferred inter‐membranously with cell‐surface proteins
Authors: Shibata Ryujiro , Noguchi Tetsuro , Sato Toshinori , Akiyoshi Kazunari , Sunamoto Junzo , Shiku Hiroshi , Nakayama Eiichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGeneration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro and tumor‐rejection responses by sensitization of semi‐syngeneic mice with tumor‐antigen‐reconstituted liposomes were investigated. Liposomes were prepared from a crude' butanol extract (CBE) of BALBRVD leukemia cells and egg phosphatidylcholine (PC): 1,2‐dimyristoylamido‐1,2‐deoxyphosphatidylcholine (DDPC) (3:2) or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) : DDPC (1:4). Inter‐membrane protein transfer (IMPT) liposomes were prepared by incubating BALBRVD cells with DMPC : DDPC (1:4) liposomes. Sensitization of male CB6F, mice with CBE or IMPT liposomes induced a level of cytotoxicity similar to that on sensitization with mitomycin‐C(MMC)‐treated BALBRVD against BALBRVD target cells after In vitro sensitization with the tumor cells. Sensitization with CBE alone resulted in only marginal cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effector cells induced by either mode of sensitization were CD8+ T‐cells whose recognition was Kd‐restricted. No difference in specificity was observed with the different modes of sensitization. Two in vivo immunizations with CBE or with CBE liposomes at a dose of 25 μg of protein (equivalent to 2.5 × 107 cells) cause moderate inhibition of BALBRVD tumor growth in male CB6F1 mice and immunization with IMPT liposomes at a dose of 1 μg of protein result in efficient protection.
Biodistribution of a monoclonal antibody (RNL‐1) against the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in athymic mice bearing human small‐cell lung‐cancer xenografts
Authors: Boerman O. C. , Mijnheere E. P. , Broers J. L. V. , Vooijs G. P. , Ramaekers F. C. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to determine the targeting potential of the murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) RNL‐1 for human small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) in a nude mouse model. RNL‐1 is preferentially reactive with SCLC and lung carcinoids, and was classified as a cluster‐1 MAb as defined by the International Workshop on Small‐Cell Lung‐Cancer Antigens. From the intercellular location of the target antigen and Its reactivity with 3T3 cells transfected with nucleic acid sequences encoding for the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), it was concluded that RNL‐1 is directed against NCAM. RNL‐1 was radiolabelled with either 125iodine or 111indium and injected into nude mice bearing NCI‐H82 SCLC xenografts. The biodistribution of the radiolabels was determined up to 120 hr post injection. Maximum tumour accretion for 111In‐RNL‐1 was 11.6% ID/g and 6.5% ID/g for 125I‐RNL‐1. The accumulation of 111In‐RNL‐1 could be visualized clearly by gamma scintigraphy without background subtraction techniques. Autoradiographs of whole‐body sections from animals injected with 125I‐RNL‐1 showed that activity in the SCLC xenografts was mainly peripheral, suggesting that tumour uptake is dependent on the vascularization of the tumour tissue.
Investigation of the assay of AFB1‐albumin adducts using proteolysis products in Elisa
Authors: Olubuyide I. O. , Makarananda K. , Judah D. J. , Neal G. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpidemiological evidence of the involvement of aflatoxins in the aetiology of human liver cancer has led to an increasing interest in the development of appropriate techniques for monitoring human exposure. The assay for aflatoxin adducts in albumin has a better potential for assessing long‐term exposure than analyses of urine samples, and several protocols for ELISA of these adducts, following proteolysis of albumin, have been examined. However, there is usually an incomplete release of a major adduct, aflatoxin‐lysine, even after prolonged hydrolysis, and the adduct is very unstable under some conditions of proteolysis for unknown reasons. Therefore, before such techniques can be recommended for general application, the significance of such factors in the quantitive estimation of aflatoxin adducts needs to be evaluated. This study has detected the presence of a considerable fraction of aflatoxin‐modified material, produced by proteolysis of in vivo aflatoxin‐modified rat albumin or in vitro modified bovine albumin, and which is not recognized in ELISA by an anti‐aflatoxin polyclonal antibody having a wide spectrum of aflatoxin metabolite detection. This fraction increases in parallel with the proteolysis protocols.
Analysis of gene amplification in head‐and‐neck squamous‐cell carcinomas
Authors: Leonard J. Helen , Kearsley John H. , Chenevix‐Trench Georgia , Hayward Nicholas K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe presence of gene amplification was determined in 66 fresh head‐and‐neck SCC specimens using a battery of 9 different probes. Amplification of at least one gene was found in 12 samples (18%), of which 7 were amplified at multiple loci (58%). We observed amplifications for EGFR (10% of samples) and c‐myc (9%), as well as co‐amplification of bcl‐1/int‐2 (7%). No amplifications were demonstrated for c‐Ha‐ras‐1, TGFα, c‐mos, c‐erb B‐2, or c‐erb A‐2. The incidence of proto‐oncogene amplification in head‐and‐neck SCC patients is comparable to that reported for other solid tumours. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients with or without gene amplification. However, the presence of multiple amplifications In several patients with advanced primary tumours suggests that the accumulation of genetic changes may correlate more closely with tumour size than with inherent biologic aggression.