bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality of Epilepsy in Developed Countries: A Review
Authors: Forsgren Lars , Hauser W. Allen , Olafsson Elias , Sander J. W. A. S. , Sillanpää Matti , Tomson Torbjörn 
Published: December 2005

Summary:  Mortality in people with epilepsy has been studied in many different populations. In population‐based incidence cohorts of epilepsy with 7–29 years follow‐up, there was up to a threefold increase in mortality, compared to the general population (standardized mortality ratios [SMR] ranged from 1.6 to 3.0). When studies include selected epilepsy populations where patients with frequent and severe seizures are more common, the mortality is even greater. Relative survivorship (RS) following the diagnosis of epilepsy was 91%, 85%, and 83% after 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. In a population with childhood‐onset epilepsy, RS was 94% and 88% after 10 and 20 years.The level of increased mortality is affected by several factors. In idiopathic epilepsy where the causes of seizures are unknown, the results are conflicting. There was no significant increase in mortality in studies from Iceland, France, and Sweden, a barely increased risk in a study from the United Kingdom, and a significantly increased risk in a study from the United States. In contrast, all studies report a significant increased mortality in remote symptomatic epilepsy (standardized mortality ratios [SMRs] ranging from 2.2 to 6.5). The highest mortality is found in patients with epilepsy and neurodeficits present since birth, including mental retardation or cerebral palsy (SMRs ranging from 7 to 50).Mortality is also affected by age, with the highest SMRs in children, the combined effect of low mortality in the reference population, and high mortality in children with neurodeficits and epilepsy. The highest excess mortality is found in the elderly, ≥75 years. A pronounced increase in mortality is found during the first year following the onset of seizures due to underlying severe diseases. The increased mortality remains in different studies 2–14 years following diagnosis.Most of the factors responsible for the increased mortality are related to the underlying disorder causing epilepsy with pneumonia, cerebrovascular disease, and neoplastic disorders (risk remains elevated when primary brain tumors are excluded), as the most frequently recorded causes. The most common direct seizure‐related cause of death in adolescents and young adults is sudden unexpected death, which is 24 times more common than in the general population.
Mortality in Patients with a First Unprovoked Seizure
Authors: Beghi Ettore , Leone Maurizio , Solari Alessandra 
Published: December 2005

Summary:  Purpose: The mortality after a first epileptic seizure is affected by the source of cases, the intensity of the diagnostic work‐up, the type and the presumed etiology of the seizure, the length of follow‐up, and the modalities of data collection (retrospective vs. prospective). We review the four studies of this topic. Methods: Four studies have been identified which focused on the mortality of the first unprovoked seizures or the first afebrile (provoked or unprovoked) seizure. These included two population‐based surveys, one clinic‐based community survey, and a randomized clinical trial on the treatment of the first unprovoked generalized tonic–clonic seizure. Results: A standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 2.3 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.5–3.3) for unprovoked first seizures was found in a retrospective cohort study in the population of Rochester, Minnesota. The SMR was higher during the first year after the seizures to progressively decrease thereafter. Acute symptomatic seizures carried the higher risk, followed by remote symptomatic seizures, while idiopathic and cryptogenic seizures carried no risk. The increased SMR found in women and in patients aged 0–19 years enrolled in the randomized trial differs from that seen in other mortality studies in epilepsy (SMR being highest in the youngest age groups) and may be a chance finding. Conclusions: Mortality is increased in patients with a first unprovoked seizure, particularly during the first year after the seizure. This increased mortality is associated with known etiology of the seizure, and is not present when etiology is unknown.
Mortality in the First 30 Days Following Incident Acute Symptomatic Seizures
Authors: Hesdorffer Dale C. , D'Amelio Marco 
Published: December 2005

Summary:  Purpose: Very little is known about short‐term mortality after acute symptomatic seizure. One study found an increased mortality in the first year after acute symptomatic seizure, like mortality following acute symptomatic status epilepticus. Methods: We studied mortality in the first 30 days after an acute symptomatic seizure in two cohorts. In Washington Heights, New York City, we reviewed the medical records of all adults aged 20 years and older seen at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center from January 1, 1990 through December 13, 1994 to identify incident acute symptomatic seizure. In Rochester, Minnesota, the medical records of all Rochester residents were reviewed to identify incident acute symptomatic seizure from January 1, 1965 through December 31, 1984. Case fatality (CF) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) were calculated for deaths in the first 30 days. Results: A total of 323 adults were identified in Washington Heights and 428 in Rochester. The CF was 20% in both cohorts. CF was greatly increased in the people aged 65 years and older (28.4% in Washington Heights and 40.5% in Rochester) versus younger individuals (17.7% in Washington Heights and 11.2% in Rochester). In both cohorts, the SMR was greatly increased overall (102.1 in Washington Heights and 149.4 in Rochester), and separately for males, females, all etiologies except head trauma in Washington Heights, and younger individuals. In older individuals, the SMR was increased in Washington Heights but not in Rochester. Conclusion: Acute symptomatic seizures are associated with increased mortality in the first 30 days. It is unknown how seizures contribute to this mortality or whether mortality is due solely to the underlying medical condition.
Effect of Mixing Methods on Mechanical Properties of Alginate Impression Materials
Authors: Frey Gary , Lu Huan , Powers John 
Published: December 2005

Background: A commercial mechanical mixer is available to make the mixing of alginate more convenient and more consistent for the practitioner; however, there is very little information on the mechanical properties of alginate mixed with this device as compared with hand mixing.
Purpose: To compare the mechanical properties of alginate impression materials mixed with a mechanical mixer (Alginator II, Cadco) and hand mixing.
Material and Methods: Three alginate impression materials (Identic, Jeltrate, and Kromopan) were tested. Strain in compression, elastic recovery, and compressive strength were measured according to ANSI/ADA specification no. 18‐1992; tear energy was measured using a pants tear test. Five specimens were prepared for each group with 12 groups for the mechanical mixer and 12 groups for hand mixing, for a total of 120 specimens. A two‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's PLSD test at the 0.05 level of significance were used to analyze the data.
Results: There were statistically significant differences in properties among the materials, but mixing technique had no statistically significant effect on strain in compression and tear energy.
Conclusion: The mechanical mixer improved elastic recovery and compressive strength of the alginate impression materials tested and had no effect on strain in compression and tear energy. A mechanical mixer facilitates the mixing of alginate impression materials and improves some mechanical properties.
Subjective Assessment by Patients of the Efficiency of Two Denture Adhesive Pastes
Authors: Kulak Yasemin , Özcan Mutlu , Arikan Ayla 
Published: December 2005

Purpose: This study evaluated the subjective responses of 30 denture wearers with regard to the effectiveness of two denture adhesive pastes.
Materials and Methods: Thirty patients responded to questions related to retention, chewing ability, taste, duration of adhesives in the mouth, and removal; comparing the use of two denture adhesives based on polymethylvinylether‐maleic anhydride compounds or carboxymethyl cellulose.
Results: The denture adhesive paste based on polymethylvinylether‐maleic anhydride (PVM‐MA) compound was rated higher (73% and 87%) than carboxymethyl cellulose (CC) adhesive paste (60% and 37%) on chewing ability and duration in the mouth (p= 0.0001 and p= 0.0001, respectively) by experienced denture wearers in both maxilla and mandible. There were no statistically significant differences between the two denture adhesive pastes on the retention of maxillary dentures, taste, and removal of the adhesive (p= 0.08, p= 0.67, and p= 0.41, respectively).
Conclusions: All subjects responded that the retention of their dentures was either a little better or much better when using either of the adhesive pastes.
Anti‐D alloimmunization after D‐mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematologic diseases
Authors: Cid Joan , Lozano Miguel , Fernández‐Avilés Francesc , Carreras Enric , Pereira Arturo , Mazzara Roberto , Ordinas Antorio 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  The de novo development of anti‐D after D‐mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a possibility that must be considered. The transfusion of D− blood components after AHSCT has been recommended but anti‐D alloimmunization in this setting has been studied little. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze anti‐D formation after D‐mismatched AHSCT.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Thirty patients with a hematologic disease who underwent D‐mismatched AHSCT were retrospectively studied. Support therapy included red blood cells (RBCs) and platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) from whole‐blood donations and PLTs from apheresis. After AHSCT, patients received D+ PCs without administering Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG). An antibody screening to detect anti‐D was performed by low‐ionic‐strength saline‐indirect antiglobulin test with the tube test.RESULTS:  Fifteen D+ patients received stem cells (SCs) of D− donors and 15 D− patients received SCs of D+ donors. After AHSCT, patients received a median of 11.5 (range, 0‐32) D− RBC units. D+ patients received 682 (83%) of 825 PLT units from D+ donors, and D− patients received 573 (85%) of 678 PLT units from D+ donors. None of the 30 patients developed anti‐D after a median follow‐up of 32 weeks (range, 4‐310 weeks).CONCLUSION:  Anti‐D alloimmunization after performing a D‐mismatched AHSCT is infrequent in patients with hematologic diseases although patients receive D−mismatched PLT transfusions without RhIG administration.
CD34+ cell adhesion molecule profiles differ between patients mobilized with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor alone and chemotherapy followed by granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Ford Clyde D. , Greenwood Jay , Anderson Jeffrey , Snow Greg , Petersen Finn Bo 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  High‐dose therapy with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell support is widely utilized but requires successful CD34+ cell mobilization and collection. Chemotherapy plus growth factors appear to mobilize more CD34+ cells than growth factors alone. Because alterations in expression of adhesion molecules are important in the trafficking of hematopoietic progenitors, the possibility was explored that the mechanism of this superior mobilization may be greater down regulation of adhesion molecules.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  The expression of eight adhesion molecules (CD11a, b, and c; 15s; 49d and e; 54; and 62L) on the collected CD34+ cells from 15 patients undergoing mobilization with chemotherapy plus granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) was compared with those of 14 concomitant patients receiving G‐CSF alone.RESULTS:  Patients receiving chemotherapy plus G‐CSF mobilized more CD34+ cells and did not differ in prior chemotherapy or radiation. There were no significant differences in the percentage of CD34+ cells expressing any of the adhesion molecules examined between the two groups. The chemotherapy plus G‐CSF–mobilized cells consistently showed higher expression intensity, and this showed significance or a strong trend for CD11a and c, CD15s, and CD54. Despite these higher expression levels, there were no differences in engraftment kinetics.CONCLUSIONS:  CD34+ cells mobilized by chemotherapy plus growth factors appear to have higher intensities of expression of several adhesion molecules. The significance of this observation will require further study.
Listeria monocytogenesin platelets: a case report
Authors: Guevara Ramon E. , Tormey Michael P. , Nguyen Dao M. , Mascola Laurene 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce bacterial contamination in platelets (PLTs) have led to implementation of tests for bacterial detection before product release. Although relatively rare as a human pathogen,Listeria monocytogenesoften causes serious illness and has a case‐fatality rate of 20 percent.CASE REPORT: PLTs from an asymptomatic 58‐ year‐old Hispanic male with a long history of PLT donation were culture‐positive for the presence ofL. monocytogenes. The pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern of the isolate matched two otherL. monocytogenesisolates in the CDC National PulseNet database. Public health investigation found no evidence that the other two isolates were epidemiologically related to the PLT donor, who remained asymptomatic.CONCLUSION: A cluster of listeriosis cases was detected by PFGE but the significance is unknown. Organisms of public health significance should be reported to health departments. Better surveillance and reporting are needed in the efforts to improve blood product safety.
Gingival reaction to well‐fitted subgingival proximal gold inlays
Authors: Mörmann W. , Regolati B. , Renggli H. H. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract Proximal inlays were seated in contralateral teeth in eight subjects with clinically healthy gingivae. After 23 days, the subgingival area and part of the supragingival surface of one of the inlays was roughened with an abrasive instrument up to 1 mm above the gingival margin; the other inlay remained polished. Gingival fluid flow rate was buccally and lingually measured in the papillary area close to the proximal roughened and polished inlay surfaces and also at papillae beside sound proximal surfaces of the same teeth during a period of 85 days. In addition, plaque was scored and also assessed planimetrically.The mean gingival fluid flow rate was significantly higher adjacent to both the rough and polished filling surfaces when compared with proximal surfaces without restoration. Plaque indices were similar in the vicinity of filled and sound proximal areas irrespective of the gold surface texture. Planimetrically more plaque was formed on the sites of roughened inlays.
Influence of teeth, plaque and dentures on the retention of chlorhexidine in the human oral cavity
Authors: Bonesvoll P. , Olsen I. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe retention of chlorhexidine in the oral cavity after rinsing with 10 ml 0.2 % [14C]‐chlorhexidine‐digluconate for 1 min was found to be 3.8 mg (S.D. = 1.4 mg) in a group of 12 edentulous patients. By comparison, the mean oral retention in 10 dental students with cleaned and polished teeth was 4.6 mg (S.D. = 0.7 mg). Measurement of the retention in 6 subjects before and after extensive tooth extractions showed no major influence of the teeth on the chlorhexidine retention.Plaque accumulation for 6 d increased the mean Plaque Index from 0 to 0.82 (S.D.=0.35). The corresponding mean oral retention increased significantly from 4.6 mg (S.D.=0.7 mg) to 5.6 mg (S.D.=1.1 mg).Chlorhexidine was readily bound to acrylic resin dentures. A mean binding of 4.2 mg (S.D.=2.0) after 16 min immersion in 110 ml 0.2% chlorhexidine solution was found.The [14C] activity of the saliva showed a sharp fall during the first few hours after insertion of the dentures, followed by a slow release, with activity still present after 24 h.
Inhibitory effect of benzethonium and zinc chloride mouthrinses on human dental plaque and gingivitis
Authors: Compton Frank H. , Beagrie George S. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract In a double‐blind study the plaque‐ and gingivitis‐inhibiting capacities of three aqueous mouthrinse solutions of benzethonium chloride, zinc chloride, and benzethonium chloride combined with zinc chloride were compared to those of a placebo mouthrinse. Forty‐three adults with clean teeth and healthy gingiva were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. All participants received an initial prophylaxis. Assessments of plaque and gingivitis were made before and after a 10‐day test period. During this time the subjects suspended oral hygiene procedures and rinsed daily with 20 ml of their respective rinse solutions.According to the measurements made before and after the test period, the mouthrinse containing benzethonium chloride produced 42 to 42.9 % less plaque than any of the other three formulations. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Gingivitis scores of the four groups did not differ significantly. These findings indicate that benzethonium chloride is a moderately effective antiplaque agent.
Periodontal treatment of multi rooted teeth.
Authors: Hamp Sven‐Erik , Nyman Sture , Lindhe Jan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract This paper describes: (1) a system for classification and treatment of furcation involvements, and (2) a 5‐year post‐operative evaluation of 100 patients treated for periodontal breakdown in the bi/tri‐furction areas.The results of this study demonstrate that it is possible to arrest further destruction within the root furcation area. The successful treatment of the multirooted teeth was probably the consequence of: (1) the quasi total elimination of plaque retention areas from the bi/tri‐furcation area, and (2) meticulous oral hygiene by the patients.
The possible pathogenesis of gingival recession
Authors: Baker D. L. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract Stages in the pathogenesis of gingival recession were observed in rats in which pocketing had been induced by replacement of natural incisors with dental implants. Suitable conditions were thus created on the palatal aspect of the implant sockets for recession to occur.The recession process was examined at intervals by taking transverse serial sections. In the epithelial and connective tissues deep to the receding margin, morphological changes were seen which apparently lead to cleft formation and recession. These appeared to be associated with mononuclear cell infiltration of the connective tissue. The study suggests that gingival recession involves a localized inflammatory process which causes breakdown of connective tissue and leads to proliferation of the epithelium into the site of connective tissue destruction. Proliferation of the epithelial cells into the connective tissue brings about a subsidence of the epithelial surface, which is manifest clinically as recession.
Free grafts of palatal mucosa on the lingual aspect of the mandible
Authors: Schokking C. C. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The importance of an adequate amount of keratinized and attached gingiva to maintain gingival health has been stressed by several authors (Friedman & Levine 1964, Lang & Löe 1972, Bernimoulin & Mühlemann 1973) and though the rationale for increasing the width of the gingiva applies equally well to both the lingual and the vestibular surfaces, only one report of a graft on the lingual aspect of the mandible in dentate patients has been found in the literature (Goldman & Cohen 1973).The object of this report is to describe the indications, the surgical procedure devised and the results obtained in two patients.
Bone morphology and bone loss in periodontal disease
Authors: Manson J. D. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract A clinical study of the distribution of different types of bone defects in chronic pertodontitis was carried out on 30 patients. An analysis of 176 defects suggests that their distribution reflects the original morphology of the alveolar bone. The role of function as a determinant of that morphology is examined. While there appears to be a relationship between functional stress and the phylogenesis of the bone, there is no direct relationship between function and ontogenesis. A study of growth remodelling of the mandible in several animals indicates that the pattern of activity is dictated by a drive to achieve a mature form which is the expression of the genetic endowment. Normal function and normal muscle stress are part of the environment in which complete growth can take place, but they do not appear to play a more active role in determining the form of growth; abnormal function does not allow normal growth to take place.The relationship between functional stress and the morphology and activity of the mature bone is not clear.Osteoporosis of age, as measured by the metacarpal index in 101 patients with chronic periodontitis, did not appear to be significantly related to the bone loss score. However, in 54 female patients, aged 35–45 years, a significant correlation was found between the metacarpal index and a “rapidity of bone loss” score.
Retardation of epithelial migration in new attachment attempts in intrabony defects in monkeys
Authors: Ellegaard B. , Karring T. , Löe H. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract New attachment procedures were performed in 80 three‐wall intrabony defects produced adjacent to incisors and canines in monkeys. Following a reverse bevel incision, rnucoperiosteaS flaps were raised on the buccal and lingual aspect of 40 intrabony defects, AH soft tissue was removed from the defects and following transplantation of autogenous bone grafts, the tissue flaps were replaced and sutured. On the buccal and lingual aspect of another 40 intrabony defects a split flap procedure was performed. Granulation tissue was removed from the defects and following transplantation of autogenous bone grafts, the defects were covered with free palatal grafts.The animate were sacrificed (o yield observation periods from 0 to 42 days. After de‐caicification of the specimens and embedding in paraffin, 8‐μm serial sections were cut and stained. The epithelium on the full thickness flap seemed almost unaffected by the surgical procedure and had migrated between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm along the root surface during the first week of healing. The epithelium on the transplants degenerated almost completely within the first week after surgery and epithelial migration along the root surface was not observed until after 10–12 days.These results indicate that the migration of epithelium during the postoperative phase of new attachment attempts can be retarded by covering the defects with free palatal grafts instead of full thickness flaps.