bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct bacterial succession and functional response to alginate in the South, Equatorial, and North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Balmonte John Paul , Giebel Helge‐Ansgar , Arnosti Carol , Simon Meinhard , Wietz Matthias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe availability of alginate, an abundant macroalgal polysaccharide, induces compositional and functional responses among marine microbes, but these dynamics have not been characterized across the Pacific Ocean. We investigated alginate‐induced compositional and functional shifts (e.g., heterotrophic production, glucose turnover, hydrolytic enzyme activities) of microbial communities in the South Subtropical, Equatorial, and Polar Frontal North Pacific in mesocosms. We observed that shifts in response to alginate were site‐specific. In the South Subtropical Pacific, prokaryotic cell counts, glucose turnover, and peptidase activities changed the most with alginate addition, along with the enrichment of the widest range of particle‐associated taxa (161 amplicon sequence variants; ASVs) belonging to Alteromonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Phormidiaceae, and Pseudoalteromonadaceae. Some of these taxa were detected at other sites but only enriched in the South Pacific. In the Equatorial Pacific, glucose turnover and heterotrophic prokaryotic production increased most rapidly; a single Alteromonas taxon dominated (60% of the community) but remained low (<2%) elsewhere. In the North Pacific, the particle‐associated community response to alginate was gradual, with a more limited range of alginate‐enriched taxa (82 ASVs). Thus, alginate‐related ecological and biogeochemical shifts depend on a combination of factors that include the ability to utilize alginate, environmental conditions, and microbial interactions.
Understanding institutional layers and modes of change for energy transitions: Analysis of Norway's electricity sector reforms
Authors: Ekanem Minika , Noble Bram F. , Poelzer Greg , Hernes Hans‐Kristian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInstitutions have significant implications for whether and how energy systems restructure, evolve, and successfully transition. Yet, literature analyzing energy sector reforms often approach transitions from economic or technical perspectives, with much less attention to the underlying roles and influences of institutions. This paper explores the roles and influence of institutions on the speed, direction, timing, and sequence of energy transitions. A conceptual framework integrating the hierarchy of institutions with an historical institutionalist approach is developed and applied to explore transitions in Norway's electricity sector as a case study. Results show that conversion followed by layering emerge as the dominant modes of institutional change in Norway's electricity sector reform, illustrating the importance of alignment between institutions in creating the conditions for large‐scale energy transitions and the importance of boundaries to maintain alignment between levels of institutions. Governments can minimize potential gaps between transition intentions and outcomes through effective conversion and layering of institutional arrangements, but layering challenges emerge when institutional change introduces new actors or energy arenas to existing policy paradigms.
The Medicare Care Choices Model was associated with reductions in disparities in the use of hospice care for Medicare beneficiaries with terminal illness
Authors: Niedzwiecki Matthew J. , Forrow Lauren Vollmer , Gellar Jonathan , Pohl R. Vincent , Chen Arnold , Miescier Lynn , Kranker Keith 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of the Medicare Care Choices Model (MCCM) on disparities in hospice use and quality of end‐of‐life care for Medicare beneficiaries from underserved groups—those from racial and ethnic minority groups, dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, or living in rural areas.Data Sources and Study SettingMedicare enrollment and claims data from 2013 to 2021 for terminally ill Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries nationwide.Study DesignThrough MCCM, terminally ill enrolled Medicare beneficiaries received supportive and palliative care services from hospice providers concurrently with curative treatments. Using a matched comparison group, we estimated subgroup‐specific effects on hospice use, days at home, and aggressive treatment and multiple emergency department visits in the last 30 days of life.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThe sample included decedent Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in MCCM and a matched comparison group from the same geographic areas who met model eligibility criteria at time of enrollment: having a diagnosis of cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or HIV/AIDS; living in the community; not enrolled in the Medicare hospice benefit in the previous 30 days; and having at least one hospital stay and three office visits in the previous 12 months.Principal FindingsEligible beneficiaries from underserved groups were underrepresented in MCCM. MCCM increased enrollees' hospice use and the number of days at home and reduced aggressive treatment among all subgroups analyzed. MCCM also reduced disparities in hospice use by race and ethnicity and dual eligibility by 4.1 (90% credible interval [CI]: 1.3–6.1) and 2.4 (90% CI: 0.6–4.4) percentage points, respectively. It also reduced disparities in having multiple emergency department visits for rural enrollees by 1.3 (90% CI: 0.1–2.7) percentage points.ConclusionsMCCM increased hospice use and quality of end‐of‐life care for model enrollees from underserved groups and reduced disparities in hospice use and having multiple emergency department visits.
Enhancing precision in lung tumor ablation through innovations in CT‐guided technique and angle control
Authors: Hung Wei‐Te , Tsai Stella Chin‐Shaw , Wu Tzu‐Chin , Tu Hsien‐Tang , Lin Huan‐Cheng , Su Chun‐Lin , Wu Yu‐Chieh , Lin Li‐Cheng , Lin Frank Cheau‐Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the precision and safety outcomes of image‐guided lung percutaneous thermal ablation (LPTA) methods, focusing on radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA). The study utilized an innovative angle reference guide to facilitate these techniques in the treatment of lung tumors.MethodsThis study included individuals undergoing LPTA with the assistance of laser angle guide assembly (LAGA) at our hospital between April 2011 and March 2021. We analyzed patient demographics, tumor characteristics, procedure details, and complications. Logistic regressions were employed to assess risk factors associated with complications.ResultsA total of 202 patients underwent ablation for 375 lung tumors across 275 sessions involving 495 ablations. Most procedures used RFA, especially in the right upper lobe, and the majority of ablations were performed in the prone position (49.7%). Target lesions were at a median depth of 39.3 mm from the pleura surface, and remarkably, 91.9% required only a single puncture. Complications occurred in 31.0% of ablations, with pneumothorax being the most prevalent (18.3%), followed by pain (12.5%), sweating (6.5%), fever (5.0%), cough (4.8%), hemothorax (1.6%), hemoptysis (1.2%), pleural effusion (2.0%), skin burn (0.6%), and air emboli (0.2%). The median procedure time was 21 min. Notably, smoking/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emerged as a significant risk factor for complications.ConclusionThe LAGA‐assisted LPTA enhanced safety by improving accuracy and reducing risks. Overall, this investigation contributes to the ongoing efforts to refine and improve the clinical application of these thermal ablation techniques in the treatment of lung tumors.
Peripheral nervous system and neuromuscular disorders in the emergency department: A review
Authors: Sivadasan Ajith , Cortel‐LeBlanc Miguel A. , Cortel‐LeBlanc Achelle , Katzberg Hans 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionAcute presentations and emergencies in neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) often challenge clinical acumen. The objective of this review is to refine the reader's approach to history taking, clinical localization and early diagnosis, as well as emergency management of neuromuscular emergencies.MethodsAn extensive literature search was performed to identify relevant studies. We prioritized meta‐analysis, systematic reviews, and position statements where possible to inform any recommendations.SummaryThe spectrum of clinical presentations and etiologies ranges from neurotoxic envenomation or infection to autoimmune disease such as Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) and myasthenia gravis (MG). Delayed diagnosis is not uncommon when presentations occur “de novo,” respiratory failure is dominant or isolated, or in the case of atypical scenarios such as GBS variants, severe autonomic dysfunction, or rhabdomyolysis. Diseases of the central nervous system, systemic and musculoskeletal disorders can mimic presentations in neuromuscular disorders.ConclusionsFortunately, early diagnosis and management can improve prognosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of acute presentations in neuromuscular disorders relevant for the emergency physician.
The role of genetic variability of the host on the resistance to Neospora caninum infection in cattle
Authors: Dinon Anabella , Fiorani Franco , Campero Lucía María , Moore Dadín Prando , Corva Pablo Marcelo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeospora caninum is one of the most frequently diagnosed abortifacient pathogens in cattle. There is abundant genomic information about the parasite itself, but very little is known about the genetic variability of resistance in the most common intermediate host. The aim of this review was to compile all the available information about the genetic variability associated with the resistance to N. caninum both between and within cattle breeds. We systematically searched for published studies that investigated the influence of genetics of the host on the prevalence of N. caninum and risk of abortion. Beyond the potential confounding effects of feeding systems, management and animal density, some lines of evidence suggest that Holstein, the most popular breed for milk production, has a comparatively higher risk of abortion due to infections by N. caninum, whereas some beef breeds from Continental Europe seem to be more resistant. It is still not clear if different genetic mechanisms of resistance are involved in the two known routes of infection: postnatal ingestion of oocysts or transplacental transmission from the infected dam to the fetus. Genomic information associated with susceptibility to infection and risk of abortion in different cattle breeds is still scarce. The information reported here could be useful to identify new research alternatives and to define novel strategies to deal with this major problem of animal production.
Successful infliximab treatment in siblings with Netherton syndrome: Unveiling a novel SPINK5 gene variant and literature review
Authors: Salici Nazmiye Selin , Ozcanli Adil , Rasulova Gunel , Basak Ayse Nazli , Tekgul Seyma , Vural Secil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNetherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis. In this article, we present two siblings with NS who harbour a novel variant in the SPINK5 gene and were treated with infliximab infusions. Both patients exhibited the characteristic clinical triad of NS, and their whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a homozygous variant, c.1820+53G>A, in the SPINK5 gene. Notably, this is the first documented instance of homozygosity for this particular variant. Despite the absence of a specific treatment, both patients achieved total clearance of the skin lesions, and a significant decrease in total IgE levels was documented.
Shxwelí li te shxwelítemelh xíts'etáwtxw: The museum's confinement of Indigenous kin
Authors: Robinson Dylan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcross the globe, museums filled with glass and plexiglass vitrines display collections of Indigenous belongings. The typical display scenario for such belongings places them upon plinths, underneath plexiglass. These cases render the life they contain into objects of display, things to be seen but not touched. For Indigenous people, experiencing this objectifying system of display is often traumatic because that which is on display fits neither category of object nor thing. They hold life, and are beings or ancestors; they are treated as kin. Alongside the life of ancestors who take material form, thousands of Indigenous songs collected by ethnographers on wax cylinder recordings and reel‐to‐reel tape are similarly confined in museum collections. These songs also hold life, but of different kinds from their material cousins. To reassess the role of the museum as a place that confines life is to put into question its relationship to incarceration. If the museum is a carceral space, how then, might we define repatriation alongside practices of “reentry” and kinship reconnection?
Pig‐feast democracy
Authors: Kusumaryati Veronika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn most Melanesian societies, pig feasts have been declining in recent years, owing to the incursion of Christianity and the modern economy. But in Indonesia‐occupied West Papua, pig feasts are being held more often, and at a greater scale, than ever. The feasts are taking place in the context of West Papua's “special autonomy” status and Indonesia's democratic reforms, which have established direct local elections (pilkada) in the region. The boom in pig feasts shows how this traditional institution, together with the modern institution of elections, has become a platform for contestations over democracy and Papuan autonomy. Anthropological attention to traditional institutions, such as pig feasts, can offer insight into a condition of plural political order. It can furthermore tell us how Indigenous Peoples negotiate the terms of democratic reforms and negotiate their incorporation into the state through their own institution of ceremonial exchange.
The demographic and diagnostic profile of women with intellectual disability and mental health disorder in New South Wales and patterns of service use: A data linkage study
Authors: Whittle Erin L. , Fisher Karen , Srasuekbul Preeyaporn , Trollor Julian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence indicates that intellectual disability and gender are both factors in differential usage of services. However, there are limited data about the demographic and service usage patterns of people with intellectual disability who use mental health services. This is particularly true in relation to women with intellectual disability with mental ill health. Interrogation of large‐scale linked data sets can provide valuable insights into patterns of service usage among marginalised groups.MethodA large collaborative data linkage project was assembled with the overarching aim of providing an epidemiological profile of the health (including mental health), health service use, mortality and other service system contacts of people with intellectual disability in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. These linked data were used to interrogate the demographic, diagnostic and service use profiles of women with intellectual disability who have sought mental health support in NSW.ResultsThe linked data demonstrated important differences in patterns of diagnosis and service use for women with intellectual disability and mental health disorders, when compared to women without intellectual disability and men with and without intellectual disability, with mental health disorders. The diagnostic profile of women with intellectual disability reflected the gendered nature of diagnoses found in the wider population. Women with intellectual disability also experienced higher rates of diagnostic instability than other groups.ConclusionsThe intersection between gender, intellectual disability and mental health has an effect on diagnostic profile and patterns of service use for women with intellectual disability. These differences are important and may impact targeted service delivery and planning for women with intellectual disability who have sought mental health support.
Huntingtin CAG repeats in neuropathologically confirmed tauopathies: Novel insights
Authors: Pérez‐Oliveira Sergio , Castilla‐Silgado Juan , Painous Cèlia , Aldecoa Iban , Menéndez‐González Manuel , Blázquez‐Estrada Marta , Corte Daniela , Tomás‐Zapico Cristina , Compta Yaroslau , Muñoz Esteban , Lladó Albert , Balasa Mircea , Aragonès Gemma , García‐González Pablo , Rosende‐Roca Maitée , Boada Mercè , Ruíz Agustín , Pastor Pau , De la Casa‐Fages Beatriz , Rabano Alberto , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Molina‐Porcel Laura , Álvarez Victoria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested a relationship between the number of CAG triplet repeats in the HTT gene and neurodegenerative diseases not related to Huntington's disease (HD). This study seeks to investigate whether the number of CAG repeats of HTT is associated with the risk of developing certain tauopathies and its influence as a modulator of the clinical and neuropathological phenotype. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the potential of polyglutamine staining as a neuropathological screening. We genotyped the HTT gene CAG repeat number and APOE‐ℰ isoforms in a cohort of patients with neuropathological diagnoses of tauopathies (n=588), including 34 corticobasal degeneration (CBD), 98 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 456 Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, we genotyped a control group of 1070 patients, of whom 44 were neuropathologic controls. We identified significant differences in the number of patients with pathological HTT expansions in the CBD group (2.7%) and PSP group (3.2%) compared to control subjects (0.2%). A significant increase in the size of the HTT CAG repeats was found in the AD compared to the control group, influenced by the presence of the Apoliprotein E (APOE)‐ℰ4 isoform. Post‐mortem assessments uncovered tauopathy pathology with positive polyglutamine aggregates, with a slight predominance in the neostriatum for PSP and CBD cases and somewhat greater limbic involvement in the AD case. Our results indicated a link between HTT CAG repeat expansion with other non‐HD pathology, suggesting they could share common neurodegenerative pathways. These findings support that genetic or histological screening for HTT repeat expansions should be considered in tauopathies.
Lithological influence on sill geometry in sedimentary basins: Controls and recognition in reflection seismic data
Authors: Kjenes Martin , Eide Christian Haug , Argüello Scotti Agustin , Lecomte Isabelle , Schofield Nick , Bøgh Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSills play a leading role in the transport of magma in sedimentary basins. The contact between sills and host rocks reflects the acting emplacement processes during sill propagation and evolution. Recent studies have shown that the propagation of sills and dykes is strongly influenced by the lithology of the host rocks, but none have detailed documentation of marginal features in large‐scale intrusive complexes. Three‐dimensional seismic data is the primary method of mapping and investigating such complexes, but it is difficult to accurately image sills due to their low thickness compared to seismic resolution. By understanding the relationship between local lithology and marginal sill features, we can better understand the imaging of sills in seismic datasets and their resulting geometry. In this study, we present a seismic‐scale sill analogue through multiple high‐resolution three‐dimensional models, with corresponding logs and field observations from Cedar Mountains, San Rafael Swell, US. This model was further used to develop a synthetic seismic dataset, providing us with a strong control on which marginal sill features fall beneath seismic resolution. We found that lithology plays a critical control in sill geometry and morphology. In Cedar Mountains, sills emplaced within massive sandstones frequently exhibit strata‐discordant base contact with the host rock. Conversely, sills found within heterolithic intervals and mudstones typically display strata‐concordant base contact with the host rocks. Sills within heterolithic intervals also tend to exhibit a more complex segmentation with multiple broken bridges. Furthermore, our findings show that sills are more than 3.7 times more likely to intrude in mudstone compared to sandstone and heterolithic intervals. These results suggest how sill geometries can be adapted to interpret lithology in seismic datasets from sedimentary basins with little to no well control. We anticipate that our findings may provide better knowledge for interpreting sills in sedimentary basins and contribute to developing more sophisticated geomechanical emplacement models for igneous intrusions.
Increasing access to quality parent education through a virtual synchronous setting: A qualitative study
Authors: Jiang Yu , Routh Brianna , Fakuajo Oluwatoyin Akinde 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmerica's crisis of youth mental health challenges has been worsened by COVID‐19. Group‐based parent education has been proven effective in intervention and prevention; however, a lack of universal access and the busyness of parents are significant barriers to participation. Rapid growth in technology‐based education aims to increase accessibility but live, virtual parent education was understudied. E3 Parent Education (E3PE) was a free, virtual, and synchronous group programme offered in Montana by a certified parent educator to support families navigating common and uncommon challenges.MethodsThrough qualitative evaluation with eight programme participants (n = 8), this study aimed to understand impacts and access of this parent education programme.ResultsAll participants (100%) aligned on three themes describing the virtual, synchronous parent education experience: convenience, connection, and comfort. Participants suggested strategies for improvement as well.DiscussionA free, virtual, synchronous, group‐based format provided equitable access and lowered the barriers to participation. Findings advised that the developers, facilitators, and policymakers consider adding virtual options alongside in‐person settings to reduce participant barriers and meet the needs of different families.
Obstructive sleep apnoea in obesity: A review
Authors: Tai Jian E. , Phillips Craig L. , Yee Brendon J. , Grunstein Ronald R. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is a common comorbidity that occurs in individuals with obesity. It classically manifests with excessive daytime sleepiness, resulting in reduced quality of life, workplace productivity, and an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. Weight gain plays an important role in its pathogenesis through worsening upper airway collapsibility, and current treatment options are targeted towards mechanically overcoming upper airway obstruction and weight loss. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy remains the most widely prescribed treatment for obstructive sleep apnea but poor tolerance is a common barrier to effective treatment. Sustainable weight loss is an important treatment option but can be difficult to achieve without bariatric surgery. The recent advances in incretin‐based pharmacotherapies represent a promising avenue not only in achieving long‐term weight loss but also in treating obstructive sleep apnoea and alleviating the burden of its symptoms and comorbidities.