bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Parentage Analysis to Determine Reproductive Success of Hatchery-Origin Spring Chinook Salmon Outplanted into Shitike Creek, Oregon
Authors: Baumsteiger Jason , Hand David M. , Olson Douglas E. , Spateholts Robert , FitzGerald Geoff , Ardren William R. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Removal of fish passage barriers provides Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss the opportunity to recolonize previously accessible habitat, though the time scale of natural recolonization may not be sufficient for management or conservation goals. One strategy for accelerating recolonization is to outplant hatchery-origin adults into newly restored habitats. In this paper, we describe how genetic parentage analysis was used to determine the reproductive success of adult stream-type spring Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha taken from two localized hatchery stocks and outplanted into a stream. We defined reproductive success as the production of migratory juveniles. In 2002 and 2003, 83 and 265 adult hatchery salmon, respectively, were outplanted into Shitike Creek, Oregon, a tributary to the Deschutes River. Using 11 microsatellite markers, 799 and 827 migratory juveniles from the two brood years were genotyped and matched back to potential outplanted parents using genetic parentage analyses. Successful spawning of outplant–outplant, outplant–wild, and wild–wild fish occurred in Shitike Creek in both years. Adults outplanted in 2002 showed far fewer matches (18%) to sampled juveniles than those from 2003 (88%). Additionally, only 1% of juveniles had both parents identified as outplants in 2002, compared with almost 61% in 2003. Differences in the number of females outplanted each year appeared to account for the differential productivity. The number of offspring attributed to an individual outplant was variable, ranging from 1 to more than 10. Multiple outplant × outplant matings were identified for each sex as males mated with up to seven females and females mated with up to four males. This study shows that, under the right conditions, outplanted adult hatchery fish taken from localized hatchery stocks can contribute to the overall juvenile production in a natural stream.
Using Conventional Analysis in Parallel with Geographical Information Systems Techniques to Examine the Distribution of Brown Shrimp in the Mississippi Sound
Authors: Riedel Ralf , Perry Harriet , Warren James , Criss Alan , Devender Thomas 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A geographical information systems technique for visualizing spatial data was used in conjunction with standard analytical procedures to examine the size-specific distribution of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus in nearshore nursery areas and open waters of the Mississippi Sound. Brown shrimp abundance was assessed during 2000, 2001, and 2002 by means of an otter trawl along 10 transects consisting of three stations each. The number of brown shrimp, together with the dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity values, were collected at each sampling station. A decreasing trend in salinity was observed from east to west. The highest salinities were measured in 2000. No temporal patterns in dissolved oxygen or temperature were apparent. Brown shrimp showed the highest abundances in western Mississippi Sound, an area adjoining the extensive marshes of St. Tammany and St. Bernard parishes in Louisiana. The average size of the brown shrimp in the western sound was smaller than that of the brown shrimp in other areas, indicating continued recruitment in the former area.
Influence of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity and Coronary Collateralization on Extent of Chronic Myocardial Scar: Insights from Quantitative Coronary Angiography and Delayed-Enhancement MRI
Authors: Bexell Daniel , Setser Randolph M , Schoenhagen Paul , Lieber Michael L , Brener Sorin J , Ivanc Thomas B , Balazs Eva M , O`Donnell Thomas P , Stillman Arthur E , Arheden Håkan , Wagner Galen S , White Richard D 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:In patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, the relationship between coronary artery lesion severity and myocardial scarring is unknown.The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between proximal coronary artery stenosis severity, the amount of coronary collateralization, and myocardial scar extent in the distal distribution of the affected coronary artery based on both quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE–MRI).Methods:Thirty-four patients (26 males, 8 females; age range: 35-86 years) with a coronary artery containing a single, proximal stenosis ≥30% by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) underwent DE-MRI. The relationship between stenosis severity, collateralization, and myocardial scar morphology (area, transmurality and patchiness) was examined using linear mixed-model ANCOVA.Results:There was a statistically significant correlation between stenosis severity and scar extent (r=0.53, p<0.01). Patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses (≥70%) exhibited significantly greater collateralization (p<0.05) and scar extent (p<0.01) than patients with <70% stenosis. However, scarring was often found in patients with stenoses <70%. Also, greater stenosis severity (93±14%) and mean scar extent (41±35%) were found in patients with collaterals than in patients without collaterals (diameter stenosis 48±10%, p<0.01) (scar extent 19±29%, p=0.01).Conclusions:Using QCA and DE-MRI, we demonstrate a significant relationship between coronary artery stenosis severity and myocardial scar extent, in the absence of a documented history of acute infarction. The relationship likely reflects increasing ischemia leading to scar formation in the range of angiographically significant stenosis. However, in the absence of collateralization, scar was observed without significant stenosis, especially in females.
Assessment of plasma cardiac troponin I concentration as a means to differentiate cardiac and noncardiac causes of dyspnea in cats
Authors: Herndon William E. , Rishniw Mark , Schrope Donald , Sammarco Carl D. , Boddy Kirstin N. , Sleeper Meg M. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations can be used to discriminate cardiac from noncardiac causes of dyspnea in cats.
Design—Prospective, multicenter study.
Animals—Client-owned cats with dyspnea attributable to congestive heart failure (D-CHF; n = 31) or to noncardiac causes (D-NCC; n = 12).
Procedures—For each cat, plasma cTnI concentration was analyzed by use of a solid-phase radial partition immunoassay; values in cats with D-CHF and D-NCC were compared. A receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed to determine the accuracy of plasma cTnI concentration for diagnosis of D-CHF.
Results—Median plasma concentration of cTnI in cats with D-CHF (1.59 ng/mL; range, 0.20 to 30.24 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in cats with D-NCC (0.165 ng/mL; range, 0.01 to 1.42 ng/mL). With regard to the accuracy of plasma cTnI concentration for diagnosis of D-CHF, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84. At plasma concentrations ≥ 0.2 ng/mL, cTnI had 100% sensitivity but only 58% specificity for identification of CHF as the cause of dyspnea. At plasma concentrations ≥ 1.43 ng/mL, cTnI had 100% specificity and 58% sensitivity for identification of CHF as the cause of dyspnea.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of the derived diagnostic limits, CHF as the cause of dyspnea could be ruled in or ruled out without additional diagnostic testing in > 50% of the study cats. Measurement of plasma cTnI concentration may be clinically useful for differentiation of cardiac from noncardiac causes of dyspnea in cats.
Use of an electrothermal, feedback-controlled, bipolar sealing device for resection of the elongated portion of the soft palate in dogs with obstructive upper airway disease
Authors: Brdecka David J. , Rawlings Clarence A. , Perry Amanda C. , Anderson Jonathon R. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate efficacy and safety of using an electrothermal, feedback-controlled, bipolar sealing device (BSD) for resection of the elongated portion of the soft palate in brachycephalic dogs with upper airway obstruction.
Design—Uncontrolled clinical trial.
Animals—24 brachycephalic dogs with airway obstruction and elongated soft palate.
Procedures—In all dogs, the excess portion of the soft palate was resected with a BSD. A score for severity of clinical signs of respiratory tract obstruction was assigned before surgery, during the first 24 hours after surgery, and at the time of final follow-up 12 to 23 months after surgery. Potential scores ranged from 0 (no clinical signs even with moderate to vigorous activity) to 4 (agonal breathing or severe cyanosis).
Results—None of the dogs died or developed life-threatening complications after surgery. Clinical scores after surgery (mean ± SD, 0.3 ± 0.6) and at the time of final follow-up (0.9 ± 0.5) were significantly lower than preoperative scores (2.6 ± 0.8).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that a BSD can be safely used for resection of the elongated portion of the soft palate in brachycephalic dogs with upper airway obstruction.
Decreased Production of Human Leukocyte Antigen G Molecules in Sinonasal Polyposis
Authors: Malagutti Nicola , Aimoni Claudia , Balboni Alessandra , Stignani Marina , Melchiorri Loredana , Borin Michela , Pastore Antonio , Rizzo Roberta , Baricordi Olavio Roberto 
Published: October 2008

Background Sinonasal polyposis (SNP) is a chronic inflammatory pathology of nasal and paranasal cavities. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) G molecules are nonclassic class I antigens with anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic properties. As most theories consider polyps to be the manifestation of chronic inflammation, there could be a possible implication of HLA-G molecules in SNP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between SNP and the production of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods The study involved 22 SNP patients (11 with no evidence of disease [NED] after surgery and 11 with relapse [RE]) and 20 healthy subjects. The presence of sHLA-G in PBMC lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated culture supernatants was analyzed. The levels of interleukin (IL) 10, one of the main up-regulators of sHLA-G production, were determined. Exogenous IL-10 was added to the SNP PBMC cultures to reconstitute the impairment in sHLA-G production. Results Increased IL-10 levels in LPS-activated PBMC culture supernatants were found in NED patients in comparison with healthy subjects (p = 0.0184). No sHLA-G production was observed in either of the patient subgroup supernatants (p < 0.0001). The addition of exogenous IL-10 showed the reconstitution of sHLA-G production in NED and in a lower amount in RE patients. Conclusion The results show a defect in sHLA-G production in SNP patients mainly related to the IL-10/HLA-G pathway. Given the anti-inflammatory functions of HLA-G molecules, this impairment could increase the susceptibility to the disease. The different sHLA-G production after exogenous IL-10 addition between NED and RE SNP could represent a marker of disease severity.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow in the Normal Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Xiong Guan-Xia , Zhan Jie-Min , Jiang Hong-Yan , Li Jian-Feng , Rong Liang-Wan , Xu Gen 
Published: October 2008

Background This study aimed to investigate airflow velocity, trace, distribution, and air pressure, as well as the airflow exchange between the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus in a normal subject using computational fluid dynamics. Methods Fluent software is used to simulate nasal cavity and paranasal sinus structure after CT scanning of a normal adult subject. Airflow velocity, pressure, distribution, and trace lines were calculated by Navier-Stokes equation and numerically visualized. Results Airflow in the common and middle meatus accounted for >50 and 30% of total nasal cavity flow. Flow velocity was maximal in the common meatus, followed by the middle meatus. Flow velocity and flux in each paranasal sinus was extremely low. The flow trace in the inferior and lower part of the common meatus was predominately straight inform. Flow was parabolic in the middle and superior meatus and the middle and upper parts of the common meatus. Air pressure was high at the front end of the inferior and middle turbinate and the uncinate process. There was little pressure difference/flow exchange between inner and outer aspects of the paranasal sinus. Conclusion The major airflow forms are straight (lower common and inferior meatus) and parabolic (middle and upper common meatus and middle superior). Flow force is strongest at the front end of the inferior and middle turbinate and uncinate process. There is very little exchange between the paranasal sinus and the nasal cavity during stable airflow.
Impact of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Endoscopic Sinus Surgery on Bone Remodeling of the Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Cho Seok Hyun , Shin Kwang Soo , Lee Yong Seop , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Lee Seung Hwan , Tae Kyung , Kim Kyung Rae 
Published: October 2008

Background Osteitis or bone remodeling is one of the distinct radiological findings in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Bone remodeling of the paranasal sinuses can be affected by many factors including age, sex, chronic inflammation, and surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate radiological evidence of mucosal and bone remodeling and to assess the impact of recurrent rhinosinusitis after surgery on remodeling in patients with CRS. Methods Controls (n = 25) and patients with CRS undergoing primary (n = 25) and revision (n = 15) endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were included in this study. Bone remodeling of the ethmoid sinus was checked by the presence of new bone formation (NBF) and measurement of bone density (HU). Bone remodeling of the maxillary sinus was measured by the vertical and horizontal lengths at maximal cross-sectioned CT images. Results Lund-Mackay scores were significantly increased in the revision ESS group (p = 0.009) and NBF+ group (p = 0.014). NBF was significantly increased in the revision ESS group compared with the primary ESS group (odds ratio = 0.127; CI, 0.029–0.562; p = 0.006). There was a significant difference in ethmoid bone density among controls, primary, and revision ESS (p = 0.0001). The maximal sizes of the maxillary sinus were significantly decreased in CRS groups when compared with controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion In the revision ESS group, soft tissue and bone remodeling may be greater than in the primary ESS group.
Perioperative Complications of HINTEGRA Total Ankle Replacement: Our Initial 50 Cases
Authors: Lee Keun-Bae , Cho Sang-Gwon , Hur Chang-Ich , Yoon Taek-Rim 
Published: October 2008

Background: The purpose of the present study was to report the perioperative complications that occurred among our initial 50 consecutive cases of HINTEGRA total ankle replacement. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 50 cases composed of 30 men and 18 women of average age 57 years. Perioperative complications were used to compare the first 25 cases (Group A) with the subsequent 25 (Group B). Results: Perioperative complications occurred in 15 cases (60%) in Group A but in only five (20%) in Group B. No major wound complications requiring a soft-tissue coverage procedure were encountered. Minor wound complications occurred in three cases in each group which resolved with skin grafting or topical dressing changes. One deep infection occurred in Group A, which required implant removal and antibiotic impregnated spacer prior to revision TAR. Four patients sustained intraoperative malleolus fractures in Group A, but only one in Group B. Coronal malposition of the tibial component occurred in three cases in Group A and in two in Group B. Increased sagittal slope of the tibial component occurred in two cases in Group B and sagittal malposition of the talar component occurred in two cases in Group A. There were seven instances of anterior translation of the talar component with respect to the tibial component; four in Group A and three in Group B. Conclusion: These results suggest that TAR has a steep learning curve. Moreover, knowledge of the perioperative complications of TAR may reduce the incidence of complications. Level of Evidence: III, Therapeutic Study
Complications Encountered with Circular Ring Fixation in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wukich Dane K. , Belczyk Ronald J. , Burns Patrick R. , Frykberg Robert G. 
Published: October 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify and report the complications associated with the use of circular ring fixation in diabetic patients, and to compare the frequency of complications in patients without diabetes. We hypothesized that complications with circular ring fixation occurred more frequently in patients with diabetes than patients without diabetes. Materials and Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained and patient charts were retrospectively reviewed from June 2004 and February 2007. Fifty six consecutive patients undergoing midfoot, hindfoot and/or ankle surgery were treated with circular ring fixation which included 33 diabetic patients in the study group and 23 non-diabetic patients in the control group. Patient demographics, the duration of treatment with the external fixator, and complications were recorded. Results: Males had a greater number of complications compared to females ( p = 0.0014). The total number of complications was statistically greater in diabetic patients (study group) versus non-diabetic patients (control group) ( p = 0.003). In multivariate logistic regression, diabetes and male sex were the only significant variables associated with wire complications (OR 7.35, 95% CI 1.93-28.04 and OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-8584111, respectively). Conclusion: Women are protected from wire complications with a risk reduction of 78% compared to males. Diabetics have a 7-fold risk for any wire complication compared to patients without diabetes. We found no adverse effects of BMI, obesity, age, smoking, neuropathy, or Charcot neuroarthropathy on a satisfactory recovery. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Study
Sliding Oblique versus Segmental Resection Osteotomies for Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Pathology
Authors: Garg Rishi , Thordarson David B. , Schrumpf Mark , Castaneda Deborah 
Published: October 2008

Background: Oblique shortening osteotomy (Weil) can address lesser MP pathology but can have a high rate of complications. The purpose of this study was to review the results of a modification of the Weil osteotomy, the segmental resection metatarsal osteotomy. Materials and Methods: Between 2004 and 2006, 48 patients underwent the segmental resection osteotomy with a mean followup of 13 (range, 6 to 26) months. All the patients were evaluated with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot score and a questionnaire addressing distances they were able to walk, work limitations, sporting activity, and overall satisfaction. Results: The postoperative AOFAS forefoot score was an average of 87.6 (range, 59 to 100; SD, 10.97) and the overall satisfaction rate was 85.4%. The complication rate was 18.8% for transfer metatarsalgia, 27.1% for floating toes, 35.4% for toe weakness, 14.6% for infection, and 10.4% for wound healing problems. Conclusions: Despite the complications, the patients who underwent segmental osteotomy were satisfied with the outcome for lesser MTP joint pain and deformity. This is a preliminary study with significant refinement of the operative method as detailed in the surgical technique section. Further followup will elucidate whether additional changes are necessary in the surgical technique. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Study
Surgical Treatment of Calcaneal Fractures with Use of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic Grafting
Authors: Jiang Sheng-Dan , Jiang Lei-Sheng , Dai Li-Yang 
Published: October 2008

Background: The treatment of calcaneal fractures is challenging. Internal fixation and grafting with sintered β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramic is alternative to bone grafting in the treatment of calcaneal fractures. Methods: Seventy-four patients with intraarticular calcaneal fractures were treated with open reduction, internal fixation and grafting with sintered β-TCP ceramic. Followup was performed using the Maryland foot score as well as plain radiography. Results: All patients were followed for 15 (range, 12 to 26) months. Clinical results as assessed by the Maryland foot score were excellent in 40 of 74 cases (54.1%), good in 28 (37.8%), and fair in 6 (8.1%). Immediately after surgery, the mean Böhler angle was improved by 23 degrees, and 1 year after surgery, the mean Böhler angle decreased by 4 degrees. A similar change was also seen in Gissane angles and the height and width of the calcaneus. There was no statistical correlation between the severity of fracture and functional outcome in this series. All fractures healed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that use of β-TCP combined with open reduction and internal fixation is an effective and safe method for the surgical treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Study
Ankle Arthrodesis with Bone Graft after Distal Tibia Resection for Bone Tumors
Authors: Campanacci Domenico Andrea , Scoccianti Guido , Beltrami Giovanni , Mugnaini Marco , Capanna Rodolfo 
Published: October 2008

Background: Treatment of distal tibial tumors is challenging due to the scarce soft tissue coverage of this area. Ankle arthrodesis has proven to be an effective treatment in primary and post-traumatic joint arthritis, but few papers have addressed the feasibility and techniques of ankle arthrodesis in tumor surgery after long bone resections. Materials and Methods: Resection of the distal tibia and reconstruction by ankle fusion using non-vascularized structural bone grafts was performed in 8 patients affected by malignant (5 patients) or aggressive benign (3 patients) tumors. Resection length of the tibia ranged from 5 to 21 cm. Bone defects were reconstructed with cortical structural autografts (from contralateral tibia) or allografts or both, plus autologous bone chips. Fixation was accomplished by antegrade nailing (6 cases) or plating (2 cases). Results: All the arthrodesis successfully healed. At followup ranging from 23 to 113 months (average 53.5), all patients were alive. One local recurrence was observed with concomitant deep infection (a below-knee amputation was performed). Mean functional MSTS score of the seven available patients was 80.4% (range, 53 to 93). Conclusion: Resection of the distal tibia and arthrodesis of the ankle with non-vascularized structural bone grafts, combined with autologous bone chips, can be an effective procedure in bone tumor surgery with durable and satisfactory functional results. In shorter resections, autologous cortical structural grafts can be used; in longer resections, allograft structural bone grafts are needed. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Study