bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Sensor Based on Sol–Gel‐Derived V2O5/Nafion Composite Films
Authors: Choi Han Nim , Lyu Young‐Ku , Lee Won‐Yong 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMesoporous V2O5/Nafion composite films have been used for the immobilization of tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)$\rm{ {_{3}^{2+}}}$) on an electrode surface to yield a solid‐state electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor. The electrochemical and ECL behavior of Ru(bpy)$\rm{ {_{3}^{2+}}}$ ion‐exchanged into the composite films has been characterized as a function of the amount of Nafion incorporated into the V2O5/Nafion composite. The composite film with 80% Nafion content has the largest pore diameter (4.19 nm) and yields the maximum ECL response for tripropylamine (TPA) because of the fast diffusion of analyte into the film with large pores. Due to the enlarged pore size and enhanced conductivity of the V2O5/Nafion composite, the present ECL sensor based on the composite films exhibited around 2 orders of magnitude higher ECL response and one order of magnitude lower detection limit for TPA (10 nM) compared to those obtained with the ECL sensors based on other types of sol–gel ceramic/Nafion composite films such as SiO2/Nafion and TiO2/Nafion.
Inducible and neuron‐specific gene expression in the adult mouse brain with the rtTA2S‐M2 system
Authors: Michalon Aubin , Koshibu Kyoko , Baumgärtel Karsten , Spirig Dominique Haingotiana , Mansuy Isabelle M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTo achieve inducible and reversible gene expression in the adult mouse brain, we exploited an improved version of the tetracycline‐controlled transactivator‐based system (rtTA2S‐M2, rtTA2 hereafter) and combined it with the forebrain‐specific CaMKIIα promoter. Several independent lines of transgenic mice carrying the CaMKIIα promoter‐rtTA2 gene were generated and examined for anatomical profile, doxycycline (dox)‐dependence, time course, and reversibility of gene expression using several lacZ reporter lines. In two independent rtTA2‐expressing lines, dox‐treatment in the diet induced lacZ reporter expression in neurons of several forebrain structures including cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, and olfactory bulb. Gene expression was dose‐dependent and was fully reversible. Further, a similar pattern of expression was obtained in three independent reporter lines, indicating the consistency of gene expression. Transgene expression could also be activated in the developing brain (P0) by dox‐treatment of gestating females. These new rtTA2‐expressing mice allowing inducible and reversible gene expression in the adult or developing forebrain represent useful models for future genetic studies of brain functions. genesis 43:205–212, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macrophage/microglia activation factor expression is restricted to lesion‐associated microglial cells after brain trauma
Authors: Lünemann Anna , Ullrich Oliver , Diestel Antje , Jöns Thomas , Ninnemann Olaf , Kovac Adam , Pohl Elena E. , Hass Ralf , Nitsch Robert , Hendrix Sven 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAfter traumatic brain lesion, microglial cells are rapidly activated, migrate toward the sites of injury, and cause secondary damage that accounts for most of the loss of brain function. In the present study, we have characterized a new macrophage/microglia activation factor (MAF). Using the monocytic cell line U937, we were able to demonstrate that MAF is upregulated after TPA‐induced differentiation into macrophages. We have generated a specific antibody against MAF. In BV‐2 microglial cells, MAF is partially co‐localized with IB4, a classical microglial marker. In addition, we have analyzed the in vivo expression patterns of MAF after entorhinal cortex lesion. We were able to show a substantial upregulation of MAF on selected CD11b+ and IB4+ macrophages/microglial cells in the deafferented hippocampus and in the perilesional region, while no MAF expression was detectable on the contralateral side. Confocal microscopy revealed a lysosome‐like expression pattern in BV‐2 cells, as well as in ECL‐associated macrophages/microglial cells in vivo. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that U937 cells with downregulated MAF converted slower and to a significantly reduced extent to the macrophageal phenotype after TPA treatment. In addition, MAF downregulation in BV‐2 microglial cells substantially reduced the phagocytotic uptake of dextran beads. Our data indicate that MAF is expressed in selected macrophages/microglial cells around the lesion and in the degenerating hippocampus after ECL. Furthermore, MAF expression in monocytic cells seems to play a functional role in the differentiation to a phagocytosing phenotype and may be, at least partially, required for phagocytotic activity, specifically in lesioned tissue after brain trauma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A method for multitask fMRI data fusion applied to schizophrenia
Authors: Calhoun Vince D. , Adalı Tulay , Kiehl Kent A. , Astur Robert , Pekar James J. , Pearlson Godfrey D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIt is becoming common to collect data from multiple functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms on a single individual. The data from these experiments are typically analyzed separately and sometimes directly subtracted from one another on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis. These comparative approaches, although useful, do not directly attempt to examine potential commonalities between tasks and between voxels. To remedy this we propose a method to extract maximally spatially independent maps for each task that are “coupled” together by a shared loading parameter. We first compute an activation map for each task and each individual as “features,” which are then used to perform joint independent component analysis (jICA) on the group data. We demonstrate our approach on a data set derived from healthy controls and schizophrenia patients, each of which carried out an auditory oddball task and a Sternberg working memory task. Our analysis approach revealed two interesting findings in the data that were missed with traditional analyses. First, consistent with our hypotheses, schizophrenia patients demonstrate “decreased” connectivity in a joint network including portions of regions implicated in two prevalent models of schizophrenia. A second finding is that for the voxels identified by the jICA analysis, the correlation between the two tasks was significantly higher in patients than in controls. This finding suggests that schizophrenia patients activate “more similarly” for both tasks than do controls. A possible synthesis of both findings is that patients are activating less, but also activating with a less‐unique set of regions for these very different tasks. Both of the findings described support the claim that examination of joint activation across multiple tasks can enable new questions to be posed about fMRI data. Our approach can also be applied to data using more than two tasks. It thus provides a way to integrate and probe brain networks using a variety of tasks and may increase our understanding of coordinated brain networks and the impact of pathology upon them. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mimicry: Sensitization of Lewis rats with Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides induces formation of antibody toward GD3 ganglioside
Authors: Usuki Seigo , Thompson Stuart A. , Rivner Michael H. , Taguchi Kyoji , Shibata Keiko , Ariga Toshio , Yu Robert K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRecently we have reported cases of demyelinating inflammatory neuropathy showing elevated titers of anti‐GD3 antibodies, which occurs rarely in Guillain‐Barré syndrome. To examine the correlation between the anti‐GD3 antibody titer and Campylobacter jejuni infection, we sensitized female Lewis rats with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from serotype HS19 of C. jejuni and examined changes in nerve conduction velocity and nerve conduction block (P/D ratio). After 16 weeks of sensitization, animals revealed decreases of nerve conduction velocity and conduction block (P/D ratio) and high titer of anti‐GD3 antibodies. These anti‐GD3 antibodies also blocked transmission in neuromuscular junctions of spinal cord‐muscle cells cocultures. The GD3 epitope was verified to be located on the Schwann cell surface and nodes of Ranvier in rat sciatic nerve. To determine the target epitope for GD3 antibodies in causing nerve dysfunction, the LPS fraction containing the GD3 epitope was purified from the total LPS by using an anti‐GD3 monoclonal antibody‐immobilized affinity column. Subsequently, chemical analysis of the oligosaccharide portion was performed and confirmed the presence of a GD3‐like epitope as having the following tetrasaccharide structure: NeuAcα2‐8NeuAc2‐3Galβ1‐4Hep. Our data thus support the possibility of a contribution of GD3 mimicry as a potential pathogenic mechanism of peripheral nerve dysfunction. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analytical and semipreparative resolution of ranolazine enantiomers by liquid chromatography using polysaccharide chiral stationary phases
Authors: Luo Xingping , Zhai Zongde , Wu Xiaomei , Shi Yanping , Chen Liren , Li Yongmin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNovel HPLC methods were developed for the analytical and semipreparative resolution of new antianginal drug ranolazine enantiomers. Good baseline enantioseparation was achieved using cellulose tris (3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) chiral stationary phases (CSPs) under both normal‐phase and polar organic modes. The validation of the analytical methods including linearity, LODs, recovery, and precision, and the semipreparative resolution of ranolazine racemate were carried out using methanol as mobile phase without any basic and acidic additives under polar organic mode, using CDMPC CSPs. At analytical scale, the elution times of both enantiomers were less than 7.5 min at 20°C and 1.0 mL/min, with the separation factor (α) 1.88 and the resolution factor (Rs) 2.95. At semipreparative scale, about 14.3 mg/h enantiomers could be isolated and elution times of both enantiomers were less than 13 min at 2.0 mL/min. To increase the throughput, the technique of overlapping injections was used. The first eluted enantiomer was isolated with a purity of 99.6% enantiomer excess (e.e.) and >99.0% yield. The second enantiomer was isolated with a purity of 98.8% e.e. and >99.0% yield. In addition, optical rotation and circular dichroism spectroscopy of both ranolazine enantiomers isolated were also investigated.
Identification of objects in an acoustic wave guide inversion II: Robin–Dirichlet conditions
Authors: Lee Doo‐Sung , Gilbert R. P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the unknown body problem in a wave guide where one boundary has a pressure release condition and the other an impedance condition. The method used in the paper for solving the unknown body inverse problem is the intersection canonical body approximation (ICBA). The ICBA is based on the Rayleigh conjecture, which states that every point on an illuminated body radiates sound from that point as if the point lies on its tangent sphere. The ICBA method requires that an analytical solution be known exterior to a canonical body in the wave guide. We use the sphere of arbitrary centre and radius in the wave guide as our canonical body. We are lead then to analytically computing the exterior solution for a sphere between two parallel plates. We use the ICBA to construct solutions at points ranging over the suspected surface of the unknown object to reconstruct the unknown object using a least‐squares matching of computed, acoustic field against the measured, scattered field. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On a hierarchy of models for electrical conduction in biological tissues
Authors: Amar M. , Andreucci D. , Bisegna P. , Gianni R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper we derive a hierarchy of models for electrical conduction in a biological tissue, which is represented by a periodic array of period ε of conducting phases surrounded by dielectric shells of thickness εη included in a conductive matrix. Such a hierarchy will be obtained from the Maxwell equations by means of a concentration process η → 0, followed by a homogenization limit with respect to ε. These models are then compared with regard to their physical meaning and mathematical issues. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal diffusion spectroscopy: Theory and implementation in restricted systems using oscillating gradients
Authors: Parsons Edward C. , Does Mark D. , Gore John C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe theory of temporal diffusion spectra is reviewed. In contrast to q‐space spectroscopy, which measures the displacement spectrum of spins in a spatial domain, the spectral density of the velocity correlation function (VCF) in the temporal domain is considered. It is demonstrated that casting diffusion in this domain may facilitate measurements of microscopic geometry and the decomposition of the diffusion signal into components due to disperse flow and restricted diffusion. An oscillating gradient (OG) method of diffusion spectroscopy was developed and implemented. Microscopic pore sizes, surface‐to‐volume ratios (S/Vs), and diffusion path tortuosities were extracted from model systems using this method. Cases are discussed in which this type of experiment may allow the characterization of pore geometry when spatial domain experiments fail. OGs may be combined with imaging sequences to map complex patterns of diffusion and flow. Moreover, scalar apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in complex biological systems may be subtly dependent on specific pulse sequence parameters. Thus, scalar ADC measurements using gradient pulses with different frequency spectra may give different results. Conversely, the frequency dependence of motion‐sensitizing gradient pulses may be exploited to deduce the origin of ADC changes. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dephased MRI
Authors: Bakker Chris J.G. , Seppenwoolde Jan‐Henry , Vincken Koen L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this work gradient dephasing is treated as a mechanism for manipulating contrast in otherwise conventional MR images. The paper provides a theoretical and experimental framework for this approach. It starts from the observation that dephasing gradients invoke a shift in k‐space. From this it is inferred that the effects of in‐plane and through‐plane dephasing can be systematically explored in the context of any given imaging experiment by sampling k‐space more widely and densely than dictated by the field of view (FOV) and the spatial resolution of the desired images. The oversampled k‐space allows an ensemble of lower‐resolution dephased images to be reconstructed in which the degree and direction of dephasing are determined by the off‐center position of the reconstruction window. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated for standard gradient‐echo acquisitions in a phantom. The results indicate the potential of the proposed methodology for evaluating 3D image data and optimizing gradient dephasing in applications that rely on the exploitation of partial volume and susceptibility effects (e.g., tracking interventional devices and tracing magnetically labeled substances). Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beyond the g‐factor limit in sensitivity encoding using joint histogram entropy
Authors: Larkman David J. , Batchelor Philip G. , Atkinson David , Rueckert Daniel , Hajnal Jo V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe maximum practical speed‐up that can be achieved using parallel imaging methods is widely accepted to be limited by g‐factor noise. An approximate expression for the g‐factor noise as a function of the principal eigenvector of the inverse sensitivity matrix is derived. This formulation allows g‐factor enhanced noise to be reduced by a constrained optimization procedure with joint image histogram entropy between a reference image and a SENSE image as an image quality metric. The reference image does not need to have identical resolution or contrast. The reference image may also be used for coil calibration. The limits of the method are explored using simulated and real array coil data with high g‐factor using a variety of contrast and resolution combinations. The method preserves image structure, contrast, and lesions even when these were not observable in the reference data. In all cases g‐factor was dramatically reduced. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion tensor spectroscopy (DTS) of human brain
Authors: Ellegood Jacob , Hanstock Chris C. , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe diffusion tensor of N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (tCr), and choline (Cho) was measured at 3T using a diffusion weighted STEAM 1H‐MRS sequence in the healthy human brain in 6 distinct regions (4 white matter and 2 cortical gray matter). The Trace/3 apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of each metabolite was significantly greater in white matter than gray matter. The Trace/3 ADC values of tCr and Cho were found to be significantly greater than NAA in white matter, whereas all 3 metabolites had similar Trace/3 ADC in cortical gray matter. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values for all 3 metabolites were consistent with water FA values in the 4 white matter regions; however, metabolite FA values were found to be higher than expected in the cortical gray matter. The principal diffusion direction derived for NAA was in good agreement with expected anatomic tract directions in the white matter. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crane Dynamics with Modulated Hoisting
Authors: Bockstedte Andreas , Kreuzer Edwin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor many types of cranes commonly used in technical applications, the reduction of payload pendulations is an important design issue. Especially for cranes with variable cable length, oscillations are boosted by the hoisting of the payload due to nonlinear effects. Most of the techniques for active damping are based on a control input that displaces the support of the hoisting mechanism perpendicularly to the direction of the pendulum. However, controlled motion of the carrying structure might not be suitable or even impossible for some applications.The possibility to influence and reduce pendulations by means of feedback controlled variations of the cable length is hardly used in crane technology. A control strategy based on the phenomenon of autoparametric resonances in nonlinear dynamical systems is presented that manipulates the desired hoisting velocity by superposition of a suitably modulated motion in order to reduce amplifications of the pendulations, in particular in absence of other effective control inputs. Experimental results for a simple pendulum setup are presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dissipation induced instabilities in continuous non‐conservative systems
Authors: Kirillov Oleg N. , Seyranian Alexander P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this contribution we analyze the stabilizing and destabilizing effect of small damping for rather general class of continuous non‐conservative systems, described by the non‐self‐adjoint boundary eigenvalue problems. Explicit asymptotic expressions obtained for the stability domain allow us to predict when a given combination of the damping parameters leads to increase or to decrease in the critical non‐conservative load. The results obtained explain why different types of internal and external damping so surprisingly influence on the stability of non‐conservative systems. As a mechanical example the stability of a viscoelastic rod with small internal and external damping, loaded by tangential follower force, is studied in detail. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Damping of Vibrations in a SystemWith Two Beams by Structural Friction
Authors: Kosior Andrzej 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the results of tests on free and forced harmonic vibrations in a system with two beams with structural friction taken into account. The beams are clamped together with uniform unitary pressure. The hysteresis loop describing the frictional‐elastic properties of the system has a form of a parallelogram. The autor created a mathematical model of the vibrating system with two beams. During free vibrations of the system, its damping characteristics were tested by a digital simulation method. The vibration damping decrement as a function of amplitude displacement was determined. When vibrations were harmonically forced, the amplitude ‐ frequency characteristics of the system were determined numerically. The system was used as a nonlinear vibration damper in a linear system with a harmonic force. The equations of motion of the nonlinear two‐degree of freedom system were solved by means of a digital simulation method. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Results from Bifurcation Analysis in Ship Dynamics
Authors: Kreuzer Edwin , Markiewicz Marian , Pick Marc‐André 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTo assure safe ship operations on one hand side and to reduce operational restrictions to a minimum a proper knowledge of the ship's behavior in waves is necessary. One approach to achieve this is to generate an exact mathematical model of a ship and the fluid–structure–interaction in order to determine dangerous and safe operational conditions by analyzing the behavior with present numerical methods from nonlinear dynamics theory. Comparison between numerical simulations and experimental results as well as two sets of save and dangerous conditions for a given model of a real ship are shown. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applications of Artificial Neural Networks for Periodic Structures Analysis
Authors: Krzyżyński Tomasz , Brochocki Andrzej 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe paper presents the nondeterministic, based on artificial neural network application approach analysis of periodic structures. We can distinguish several examples where the problem may be observed: conventional and magnetic railways, high building constructions that consist of repeatable blocks, ship and aeroplane bodies, space‐shuttle periodic designs, long‐beam antenna structures or mistuned blade disks with friction damping elements. The scope of research is to examine possibilities of use the neural networks for mistuning parameters definition and also to denominate its possible causes. The results obtained via neural network simulator training process are compared with the calculations based on mathematical model. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Suppression of Induced Vibrations using Dynamic Shape Control with Distributed Piezoelectric Actuation
Authors: Nader M. , v. Garssen H.‐G. , Irschik H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the present contribution, the complete suppression of elastic vibrations of structures by means of an additional piezoelectric eigenstrain distribution is considered. A vibrating cantilever is used as a descriptive example. First, according to the theory of dynamic shape control, a continuous distribution for the actuation is derived. Then, positions for discrete piezoelectric patches are suggested. The introduced theoretical strategy is validated by .nite element computations and an appropriate laboratory experiment. Based on frequency response measurements, a feedback controller is designed in the frequency domain. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)