bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal circulation, oxygenation and metabolism is not affected by oleic acid lung injury
Authors: Claesson Jonas , Lehtipalo Stefan , Bergstrand Ulf , Arnerlöv Conny , Rocksen David , Hultin Magnus , Winsö Ola 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThis study was performed to establish a platform for further studies on effects of ventilatory treatment modalities on the intestines during mechanical ventilation of acute lung injury (ALI). We tested the hypotheses that oleic acid (OA) infusion causes changes in intestinal circulation, oxygenation and metabolism, and that OA is distributed to tissues outside the lung. This was performed as an experimental, prospective and controlled study in an university animal research laboratory. Thirteen juvenile anaesthetized pigs were used in the main study, where seven were given an intravenous infusion of 0·1 ml kg−1 OA and six served as control (surgery only). In a separate study, four animals were given an intravenous infusion of 0·1 ml kg−13H‐labelled OA. We measured systemic and mesenteric (portal venous blood flow, jejunal mucosal perfusion) haemodynamic parameters, mesenteric oxygenation (jejunal tissue oxygen tension) and systemic cytokines (tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6). We calculated mesenteric lactate flux and mesenteric oxygen delivery, uptake and extraction ratio. In the animals given 3H‐OA, we measured 3H‐OA in different tissues (lungs, heart, liver, kidney, stomach, jejunum, colon and arterial blood). We found that OA given intravenously is distributed in small amounts to the intestines. This intestinal exposure to OA does not cause intestinal injury when evaluating mesenteric blood flow, metabolism or oxygenation. OA infusion induced a moderate increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and a decrease in PaO2/Fraction inspired O2 (P/F) ratio, giving evidence of severe lung injury. Consequently, the OA lung injury model is suitable for studies on intestinal effects of ventilatory treatment modalities during mechanical ventilation of ALI.
UNDERSTANDING SIZE AND THE BOOK‐TO‐MARKET RATIO: AN EMPIRICAL EXPLORATION OF BERK'S CRITIQUE
Authors: Fan Xinting , Liu Ming 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBecause they are scaled by price, the ability of size (i.e., the market capitalization of a firm) and the book‐to‐market equity ratio to determine expected returns may, according to Berk (1995), reflect only a simultaneity bias. The two‐stage least squares approach is used to control for this bias and to investigate the economic meanings of these variables. We discover that size and the book‐to‐market ratio contain distinct and significant components of financial distress, growth options, the momentum effect, liquidity, and firm characteristics. Our findings support Berk in his contention that that size and the book‐to‐market ratio reflect a combination of different economic mechanisms that are misspecified in the expected return process.
VOLATILITY FORECASTS, TRADING VOLUME, AND THE ARCH VERSUS OPTION‐IMPLIED VOLATILITY TRADE‐OFF
Authors: Donaldson R. Glen , Kamstra Mark J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe investigate empirically the role of trading volume (1) in predicting the relative informativeness of volatility forecasts produced by autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) models versus the volatility forecasts derived from option prices, and (2) in improving volatility forecasts produced by ARCH and option models and combinations of models. Daily and monthly data are explored. We find that if trading volume was low during period t−1 relative to the recent past, ARCH is at least as important as options for forecasting future stock market volatility. Conversely, if volume was high during period t−1 relative to the recent past, option‐implied volatility is much more important than ARCH for forecasting future volatility. Considering relative trading volume as a proxy for changes in the set of information available to investors, our findings reveal an important switching role for trading volume between a volatility forecast that reflects relatively stale information (the historical ARCH estimate) and the option‐implied forward‐looking estimate.
DURATION, DEFAULT RISK, AND THE TERM STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATES
Authors: Xie Yan Alice , Liu Sheen , Wu Chunchi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe examine the interactive effect of default and interest rate risk on duration of defaultable bonds. We show that duration for defaultable bonds can be longer or shorter than default‐free bonds depending on the relation between default intensity and interest rates. Empirical evidence indicates that in most cases duration for defaultable bonds is much shorter than for their default‐free counterparts because of the negative relation between default risk and interest rates. Results suggest that the duration measure must be adjusted for the effects of default risk and stochastic interest rates to achieve an effective bond portfolio immunization.
EVIDENCE ON THE MARKET FOR PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORS
Authors: Keys Phyllis Y. , Li Joanne 
Published: October 2005

AbstractUsing the temporary increase in the supply of directors associated with successful tender offers, we examine characteristics of directors who are valuable in the market for board seats. We find that after a takeover, professional directors are three times more likely to receive new appointments than other types of directors released from their respective boards. We find that the proportion of professional directors in above‐average performing targets is significantly greater than that in underperforming targets. Our results indicate that professional directors generally have valuable general human capital that more than offsets the costs of multiple directorships.
INVESTOR OVEROPTIMISM AND PRIVATE EQUITY PLACEMENTS
Authors: Marciukaityte Dalia , Szewczyk Samuel H. , Varma Raj 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe reexamine investor tendency to overweight recent experiences when predicting future performance of firms by examining a sample of firms making private equity placements. Our findings are consistent with the projection argument that investors use the recent experiences of other firms to predict the success of placing firms. Specifically, we find that the placements preceded by a larger number of recently very successful firms are associated with the significantly more favorable market reaction to the placement announcement and significantly poorer post‐placement stock price performance.
MATCHING FINANCIAL AND REAL INVESTMENT OPTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM WARRANT CALLS
Authors: Garcia‐Feijóo Luis , Howe John S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe provide new evidence on the sequential financing explanation for the use of warrants. Consistent with sequential financing, capital spending starts increasing in the year of the call and peaks three years after the call. In addition, both equity and debt financing increase significantly in the year of the call and remain at high levels. Warrant contract features—the exercise price and the presence or absence of a price condition for callable warrants—are also consistent with the sequential financing hypothesis.
Mortality and Adverse Health Events in Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents with and without Dementia
Authors: Magaziner Jay , Zimmerman Sheryl , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Van Doorn Carol , Hebel J. Richard , German Pearl , Burton Lynda , Taler George , May Conrad , Quinn Charlene C. , Port Cynthia L. , Baumgarten Mona ,   for the Epidemiology of Dementia in Nursing Homes Research Group
Published: October 2005

Objectives: To evaluate the association between dementia and mortality, adverse health events, and discharge disposition of newly admitted nursing home residents. It was hypothesized that residents with dementia would die at a higher rate and develop more adverse health events (e.g., infections, fevers, pressure ulcers, falls) than residents without dementia because of communication and self‐care difficulties.Design: An expert clinician panel diagnosed an admission cohort from a stratified random sample of 59 Maryland nursing homes, between 1992 and 1995. The cohort was followed for up to 2 years or until discharge.Setting: Fifty‐nine Maryland nursing homes.Participants: Two thousand one hundred fifty‐three newly admitted residents aged 65 and older not having resided in a nursing home for 8 or more days in the previous year.Measurements: Mortality, infection, fever, pressure ulcers, fractures, and discharge home.Results: Residents with dementia had significantly lower overall rates of infection (relative risk (RR)=0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.70–0.85) and mortality (RR=0.61, 95% CI=0.53–0.71) than those without dementia, whereas rates of fever, pressure ulcers, and fractures were similar for the two groups. These results persisted when rates were adjusted for demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and functional status. During the first 90 days of the nursing home stay, residents with dementia had significantly lower rates of mortality if not admitted for rehabilitative care under a Medicare qualifying stay (RR=0.25, 95% CI=0.14–0.45), were less often discharged home (RR=0.33, 95% CI=0.28–0.38), and tended to have lower fever rates (RR=0.78, 95% CI=0.63–0.96) than residents without dementia.Conclusion: Newly admitted nursing home residents with dementia have a profile of health events that is distinct from that of residents without dementia, indicating that the two groups have different long‐term care needs. Results suggest that further investigation of whether residents with dementia can be well managed in alternative residential settings would be valuable.
Alcoholism and suicidal behavior: a clinical overview
Authors: Sher L. 
Published: October 2005

Objective:  The purpose of this paper was to provide a clinical review of the literature on the relation of alcoholism to suicidal behavior.Method:  Studies of alcoholism and suicidal behavior available in MEDLINE, Institute for Scientific Information Databases (Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were identified and reviewed.Results:  Alcoholism is associated with a considerable risk of suicidal behavior. Individuals with alcoholism who attempt or complete suicide are characterized by major depressive episodes, stressful life events, particularly interpersonal difficulties, poor social support, living alone, high aggression/impulsivity, negative affect, hopelessness, severe alcoholism, comorbid substance, especially cocaine abuse, serious medical illness, suicidal communication, and prior suicidal behavior. Partner‐relationship disruptions are strongly associated with suicidal behavior in individuals with alcoholism.Conclusion:  All individuals with alcoholism should receive a suicide risk assessment based on known risk factors.
Minor depression as a predictor of the first onset of major depressive disorder over a 15‐year follow‐up
Authors: Fogel J. , Eaton W. W. , Ford D. E. 
Published: October 2005

Objective:  To study the relationship of minor depression to first onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) among 1634 individuals over a 15‐year follow‐up using the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area cohort.Method:  Logistic regression analyses were conducted with minor depression alone and also adjusting for anxiety, sociodemographic, and medical variables, with MDD as the outcome variable. Also, among those with minor depression, depressive symptom categories were studied with both logistic regression and population attributable risk (PAR) to determine if they predicted MDD.Results:  Individuals with a history of minor depression had an odds ratio of more than 5 of having a first lifetime episode of MDD (adjusted OR: 5.37, 95% CI: 2.87, 10.06). Suicidal ideation, appetite/weight issues, and sleep difficulty had the highest PARs.Conclusion:  Minor depression strongly predicts MDD. Clinical and public health interventions for individuals with minor depression can potentially impact the pathway leading to MDD.
Non‐affective Acute Remitting Psychosis: a preliminary report from Iran
Authors: Alaghband‐Rad J. , Boroumand M. , Amini H. , Sharifi V. , Omid A. , Davari‐Ashtiani R. , Seddigh A. , Momeni F. , Aminipour Z. 
Published: October 2005

Objective:  To investigate the concept of ‘Non‐affective Acute Remitting Psychosis’ (NARP) in a group of patients with first episode psychosis in Iran.Method:  This is a 24‐month follow‐up study of 54 patients with first‐episode psychosis admitted consecutively to a psychiatric hospital in Tehran, Iran. At the end of follow‐up, consensus judgments were made on fulfillment of the NARP criteria as well as illness course and treatment. NARP was defined as a psychotic illness with acute onset (developed within 1 week), short duration (remission within 6 months), and the absence of prominent mood symptoms.Results:  Of 49 patients who completed the follow‐up, 15 (30.6%) had NARP, accounting for 60% of non‐affective psychoses. Ten patients with NARP remained relapse free, four had a very short‐lived relapse, and only one developed a chronic illness. Throughout the follow‐up, patients with NARP received fewer months of treatment than did patients with other non‐affective psychoses.Conclusion:  The high proportion of NARP among patients with first episode psychosis, and the favorable course is in keeping with previous studies in developing countries.
Administrative registers in psychiatric research: a systematic review of validity studies
Authors: Byrne N. , Regan C. , Howard L. 
Published: October 2005

Objective:  To conduct a systematic review of studies investigating the validity of administrative registers for use in psychiatric research.Method:  Studies were identified using MEDLINE (1966–2004) and EMBASE (1980–2004) databases using keywords ‘validity’ or ‘reliability’ combined with ‘register’ or ‘database$’. Studies reviewed by two raters blind to each other and quality assessed using a data extraction form devised by the authors. A narrative description of the findings is presented.Results:  Fourteen studies were identified, seven of which concerned Scandinavian registers. Ten studies were solely concerned with diagnostic validity and the most common single diagnosis studied was schizophrenia (five studies). Methods used and study quality varied widely.Conclusion:  Given the importance of the area, relatively little high‐quality work exists into systematically measuring the diagnostic data validity of registers for research purposes.
Exposure to ‘ideal’ facial images reduces facial satisfaction: an experimental study
Authors: Newton J. Timothy , Minhas Gursharan 
Published: October 2005

Abstract – Objective: Psychological research has suggested that exposure to media images of ‘ideal’ female models has a negative impact on women's perception of their body image. The present study examined the effects of exposure to images of faces rated as high in attractiveness upon facial satisfaction, compared with exposure to ‘neutral’ stimuli.Methods: Participants comprised three groups of women: 24 women undergoing orthodontic treatment, 22 patients undergoing orthognathic treatment, and 20 women receiving no current dental treatment. All completed measures of facial and body image satisfaction after viewing images of houses or faces as follows: The Body Satisfaction Scale, The Revised Body Image Scale of Secord and Jourard and a Visual Analogue Scale measuring satisfaction with Facial Appearance. A repeated‐measures design was adopted with a 4–6‐week period between experimental conditions. All participants were randomly assigned to one of the two orders (Houses–Faces or Faces–Houses). The findings were analysed using general linear modelling analysis of variance.Results: Exposure to idealized images of faces resulted in a significant decrease in facial satisfaction when compared with the control condition (mean facial satisfaction for all participants in Faces condition, Body Satisfaction Scale‐Head Scale = 22.2, SD = 7.81; Revised Body Image Scale‐Facial Subscale = 25.5, SD = 4.57; VAS = 7.8, SD = 2.47; Mean facial satisfaction for all participants in Houses condition, Body Satisfaction Scale‐Head scale = 19.5, SD = 6.81; Revised Body Image Scale‐Facial Subscale = 26.8, SD = 4.87; VAS = 6.2, SD = 2.72).Conclusions: Media may exert a negative influence on self‐perception, particularly amongst individuals who, for one reason or another, are sensitive to the appearance of their face. The findings of the present study have implications for the demand for orthodontic treatment for aesthetic enhancement at a time when resources are limited. Interventions are discussed to help individuals question their acceptance of such media messages.
The theory of reasoned action and patient compliance during orthodontic treatment
Authors: Bos Annemieke , Hoogstraten Johan , Prahl‐Andersen Birte 
Published: October 2005

Abstract –  Objectives:  The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) for the prediction and understanding of patients’ intention to comply during orthodontic treatment and to analyze the effect of two additional variables in the model, namely perceived behavioral control and anticipated regret. Moreover, (the determinants of) intentions of orthodontic patients to comply during treatment were compared with (the determinants of) intentions of parents to stimulate this cooperation.Methods:  A questionnaire was handed out to patients and parents visiting the Department of Orthodontics of the Academic Centre of Dentistry in Amsterdam. In both the patient and parent sample, independent‐sample t‐tests, correlation analyses and stepwise regression analyses were conducted. Variables in both samples were compared and tested.Results:  The extended version of the TRA explained 20% of the variance in the patients’ intention to comply. The patients’ anticipated regret, attitude and motivation to comply were significant determinants of the patients’ intention to comply. In addition, the parents’ attitude toward compliance was a significant predictor. The role of parents in enhancing patients’ intentions to comply cannot be neglected.Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that patients’ intentions to comply during orthodontic treatment are influenced by factors outside of the TRA. Therefore, it is recommended to develop a new model, in which factors of the TRA are included, which can be used specifically for the study of compliance in orthodontics.
Dental care and HIV‐infected individuals: are they equally treated?
Authors: Giuliani Michele , Lajolo Carlo , Rezza Giovanni , Arici Claudio , Babudieri Sergio , Grima Pierfrancesco , Martinelli Canio , Tamburrini Enrica , Vecchiet Jacopo , Mura Maria Stella , Cauda Roberto , Mario Tumbarello ,   the BSAHOD study group
Published: October 2005

Abstract –  Objective:  To investigate the problems in seeking dental care faced by HIV‐positive individuals in Italy.Methods:  A multicenter observational study was performed by distributing an anonymous self‐administered questionnaire to patients of six public healthcare facilities specialized in the treatment of individuals with HIV infection. The questions concerned personal data potentially correlated with discrimination, the patient–dentist relationship before and after HIV diagnosis, and the reasons for seeking dental care in public facilities. We also evaluated the patients’ discomfort in the patient–dentist relationship after HIV diagnosis, performing univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:  Of the 1500 questionnaires distributed; 883 were filled‐out completely. A total of 630 persons received dental care after HIV diagnosis: 209 (33.2%) did not tell the dentist that they were seropositive. Of those who did, 56 were refused care. For patients treated by a private dentist, having been treated by the same dentist before diagnosis was a risk factor for great discomfort in the patient–dentist relationship (P < 0.002). Being treated in public facilities was associated with having received dental care after HIV diagnosis (P < 0.001) and a primary school education (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  There exist episodes of discrimination on the part of some dentists, and a relatively high proportion of HIV‐positive persons do not disclose their seropositivity to the dentist. Dentists should be provided with training for promoting both ethically acceptable practices and suitable clinical management of HIV‐positive persons.
Morphology of the coronal-line region in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Almudena Prieto M. , Marco Olivier , Gallimore Jack 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
We present new images of the coronal-line region, as traced by [Si vii] 2.48 μm, in some of the nearest Seyfert 2 galaxies. In each of these galaxies, the coronal-line emission comprises a bright, compact central source and extended emission showing broad alignment along a particular direction, usually coinciding with that defined by the radio emission or the extended narrow-line region. The full extent of the coronal-line emission ranges from a few tens of parsecs to ∼150 pc radius from the nucleus and is a factor of ∼10 smaller than that seen in the extended, lower ionization gas. With a spatial resolution of 10 pc or better, the coronal region shows diffuse and filamentary structure in all cases, and it is difficult to see whether it breaks down into discrete blobs such as those seen in lower ionization lines or radio images of comparable resolution. The extent of the coronal-line emission is larger than would be predicted by photoionization models, which argues for additional in situ gas excitation, the most plausible energy source being shock excitation.
Recruiting the Next Generation of Measurement Professionals1
Authors: Sireci Stephen G. 
Published: October 2005

How are we going to find the next generation of measurement professionals? What are the issues pertinent to recruitment and training?If there were any period one would desire to be born in, is it not the age of revolution; when the old and the new stand side by side and admit of being compared; when the energies of all … are searched by fear and by hope; when the historic glories of the old can be compensated by the rich possibilities of the new era? This time, like all times, is a very good one, if we but know what to do with it. (Ralph Waldo Emerson, Phi Beta Kappa Address, 1837.)
On generalized vector quasivariational-like inequality problems
Authors: Khaliq Abdul , Rashid Mohammad 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe introduce a class of generalized vector quasivariational-like inequality problems in Banach spaces. We derive some new existence results by using KKM-Fan theorem and an equivalent fixed point theorem. As an application of our results, we have obtained as special cases the existence results for vector quasi-equilibrium problems, generalized vector quasivariational inequality and vector quasi-optimization problems. The results of this paper generalize and unify the corresponding results of several authors and can be considered as a significant extension of the previously known results.
Existence of fixed points on compact epilipschitz sets without invariance conditions
Authors: Kamenskii Mikhail , Quincampoix Marc 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe provide a new result of existence of equilibria of a single-valued Lipschitz function "Equation missing" on a compact set "Equation missing" of "Equation missing" which is locally the epigraph of a Lipschitz functions (such a set is called epilipschitz set). Equivalently this provides existence of fixed points of the map "Equation missing". The main point of our result lies in the fact that we do not impose that "Equation missing" is an "inward vector" for all point "Equation missing" of the boundary of "Equation missing". Some extensions of the existence of equilibria result are also discussed for continuous functions and set-valued maps.