bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RANKL inhibition is an effective adjuvant for docetaxel in a prostate cancer bone metastases model
Authors: Ignatoski K. M. Woods , Escara‐Wilke J. F. , Dai J.‐L. , Lui A. , Dougall W. , Daignault S. , Yao Z. , Zhang J. , Day M. L. , Sargent E. E. , Keller E. T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDDocetaxel induces an anti‐tumor response in men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa); however, the side effects associated with docetaxel treatment can be severe, resulting in discontinuation of therapy. Thus, identification of an effective adjuvant therapy to allow lower doses of docetaxel is needed. Advanced PCa is typically accompanied by skeletal metastasis. Receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) is a key pro‐osteoclastic factor. Targeting RANKL decreases establishment and progression of PCa growth in bone in murine models.METHODSThe efficacy of inhibiting RANKL, using a recombinant soluble RANK extracellular domain fused with the immunoglobulin Fc domain (RANK‐Fc), was tested as an adjuvant therapy with docetaxel for PCa bone metastasis in a murine intra‐tibial model.RESULTThe combination of RANK‐Fc and docetaxel reduced tumor burden in bone greater than either treatment alone.CONCLUSIONThe combination of docetaxel with a RANKL‐inhibiting agent merits further investigation for treatment of advance PCa. Prostate 68:820–829, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabolic interactions of agrochemicals in humans
Authors: Hodgson Ernest , Rose Randy L 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAgrochemicals and other xenobiotics are metabolized by xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) to products that may be more or less toxic than the parent chemical. In this regard, phase‐I XMEs such as cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are of primary importance. Interactions at the level of metabolism may take place via either inhibition or induction of XMEs. Such interactions have often been investigated,in vitro, in experimental animals, using subcellular fractions such as liver microsomes, but seldom in humans or at the level of individual XME isoforms. The authors have been investigating the metabolism of a number of agrochemicals by human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP isoforms and have recently embarked on studies of the induction of XMEs in human hepatocytes. The insecticides chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, carbofuran and fipronil, as well as the repellant DEET, are all extensively metabolized by human liver microsomes and, although a number of CYP isoforms may be involved, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 are usually the most important. Permethrin is hydrolyzed by esterase(s) present in both human liver microsomes and cytosol. A number of metabolic interactions have been observed. Chlorpyrifos and other phosphorothioates are potent inhibitors of the CYP‐dependent metabolism of both endogenous substrates, such as testosterone and estradiol, and exogenous substrates, such as carbaryl, presumably as a result of the interaction of highly reactive sulfur, released during the oxidative desulfuration reaction, with the heme iron of CYP. The hydrolysis of permethrin in human liver can be inhibited by chlorpyrifos oxon and by carbaryl. Fipronil can inhibit testosterone metabolism by CYP3A4 and is an effective inducer of CYP isoforms in human hepatocytes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Spectroscopic ellipsometry of SiO2/TiO2 multilayer periodic structure suitable for Ψ standard
Authors: Tsutsumanova G. G. , Russev S. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAs a highly sensitive method ellipsometry needs standards to access the accuracy in a broad spectral range at different incidence angles. The possibility of using a one dimensional multilayer periodic structure with omnidirectional reflection as an ellipsometric Ψ standard is examined both theoretically and experimentally. The omnidirectional reflection for both fundamental polarizations will give constant Ψ value at any angle of incidence for certain spectral range. The transfer matrix approach is used for the system parameters selection and analysis of the influence of the finite number of periods. Electron beam evaporation technique is used for the fabrication of a system consisting of alternating SiO2/TiO2 layers on a glass substrate. The ellipsometric angles of the multilayer structure are measured using spectroscopic photometric ellipsometer in a spectral range from 410 to 700 nm at different angles of incidence and the experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultra‐thin silicon solar cell: Modelling and characterisation
Authors: Danos L. , Jones G. , Greef R. , Markvart T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn ultra‐thin crystalline silicon solar cell with an active silicon layer of 200 nm has been fabricated and fully characterised electrically (I‐V characteristic, spectral response) and optically (Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry). Interference effects were observed in the spectral response of the cell due to multiple reflections from the layers within the cell. A mathematical model was developed to account for the different reflections and transmission within the cell which reproduced excellently the essential features of the experimental spectral response. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Three‐dimensional radiative transfer in midlatitude cirrus clouds
Authors: Zhong Wenyi , Hogan Robin J. , Haigh Joanna D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThree different types of cirrus cloud field, reconstructed in three dimensions directly from midlatitude observations by a cirrus stochastic model, are used to study the effects of three‐dimensional radiative transfer in both the long‐wave and short‐wave spectral regions. Calculations of three‐dimensional radiative transfer (3D), the independent column approximation (ICA) and the plane‐parallel approximation are compared to quantify the effects on heating rates, radiative fluxes and related properties. Locally the heating rate difference between 3D and ICA reaches more than 10 K day−1 in both the long‐wave and short‐wave, depending upon the distributions of ice water content, which indicates that horizontal radiation transport plays an important role in structures of heating rate. The domain‐averaged heating profiles of 3D agree within a few tenths of a K day−1 with ICA but show a systematic low bias. The domain‐averaged heating rates in cloud layers are increased in 3D by up to 7% in the long‐wave and more than 20% in the short‐wave. The root‐mean‐square differences at individual points are up to ten times larger than the corresponding domain‐averaged differences, representing the cancellation of opposing 3D effects. The ICA biases in long‐wave net flux and emissivity have their maximum values (∼2–3%) near cloud top for the thinnest cloud with lowest fractional coverage. In general, ICA tends to reduce the reflected upwelling short‐wave flux at the top of clouds; the layer‐averaged albedo at cloud top agrees with 3D within 1%, although the corresponding RMS difference may differ by up to 30% from 3D at high solar zenith angles. Similar results are found for whole‐sky (cloudy plus clear) short‐wave reflectances and transmittances for which ICA agrees with 3D within 5%. For domain‐averaged short‐wave absorptance, however, ICA errors can reach 20%. The corresponding RMS differences may differ by up to 50% in reflectance and transmittance but exceed 200% in absorptance. The effects of solar zenith angle are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Solvent effect on the reactivity of CIS‐platinum (II) complexes: A density functional approach
Authors: Sarmah Pubalee , Deka Ramesh C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe structure and chemical reactivity of some selected cis‐platinum(II) complexes, including clinically used drug molecules, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Calculated geometries of the complexes are in agreement with their available X‐ray data. The global and local reactivity descriptors, such as hardness, chemical potential, electrophilicity index, Fukui function, and local philicity are calculated to investigate the usefulness of these descriptors for understanding the reactive nature and reactive sites of the complexes. Inclusion of solvent effect shows that both global and local descriptors change the trend of reactivity with respect to their trend in the gas phase. The stability of the complexes increases with the inclusion of water molecules. Simple regression analysis is applied to build up a quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) model based on DFT derived electrophilicity index for the Pt(II) complexes against A2780 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line to establish the importance of the descriptor in predicting cytotoxicity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Insertion and carbonylation reactions of styrene promoted by [HRh(CO)x‐ (PMe3)3−x] (x = 1, 2) compounds: A theoretical investigation
Authors: Dias Roberta P. , Rocha Willian R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this work we have applied Quantum Mechanical calculations to investigate the first two elementary steps (olefin insertion and carbonylation) in the hydroformylation of styrene, using the model catalysts of the type [HRh(CO)x(PMe3)3−x] (x = 1, 2), which are supposed to be the catalytic species that will be present depending on the CO pressure. The migratory styrene insertion reaction and CO insertion reaction into the metal‐alkyl bond were investigated at the MP4(SDQ) level using the BP86 optimized geometries. Additionally the Spin Component Scale procedure on the MP2 and MP3 energies (SCS‐MP2 and SCS‐MP3) was also applied. It is shown that, at normal hydroformylation conditions and normal CO and H2 pressure, the active catalytic species is preferentially formed in trans arrangement, trans‐[HRh(CO)(PMe3)2], 2b. Because of the greater steric hindrance around the rhodium atom, the electronic effects of the phosphine do not contribute significantly to the stability of the catalyst. The MPn calculations overestimate the stability of the π‐complexes, in comparison with the BP86 value, as much as 25 kcal/mol, with large fluctuations along the perturbation series. The activation energies predicted by the BP86 method, in comparison with the MPn results, are underestimated about 5 kcal/mol. The reaction and the coordination energies are very sensitive to the theoretical level employed. Our results indicate that the competitive trapping of the styrene by different catalytic species, one leading to the branched and the other leading to the linear species, as was experimentally proposed to explain the selectivity, only seems to hold if we consider the subsequent CO insertion step. This assumption based only on the olefin insertion reaction, as the selectivity determining step, does not apply since the branched product will always preferentially be formed. All methods employed here predict the selectivity in good agreement with the experimental selectivity of 70–95% in favor of the branched product. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Density functional theory calculation of 2p spectra of SiH4, PH3, H2S, HCl, and Ar
Authors: Chong Delano P. , Segala Maximiliano , Takahata Yuji , Baerends E. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe method developed recently for prediction of 1s electron spectra is now extended to the 2p spectra of SiH4, PH3, H2S, HCl, and Ar. The method for X‐ray absorption spectra involves the use of ΔEfor the excitation and ionization energies, and application of time‐dependent density functional theory using the exchange‐correlation potential known as statistical average of orbital potentials for the intensities. Additional assumptions and approximations are also made. The best exchange‐correlation functionalExcfor the earlier calculation of ΔEin 1s spectra of C to Ne (namely Perdew–Wang 1986 exchange, combined with Perdew–Wang 1991 correlation) is no longer used in this work on 2p spectra of Si to Ar. Instead, recently testedExcgood for 2p core‐electron binding energies (known as OPTX) for exchange and LYP for correlation, plus scalar zeroth‐order regular approximation is adopted here for the ΔEcalculations. Our calculated X‐ray absorption spectra are generally in good agreement with experiment. Although the predictions for the higher excitations suffer from basis set difficulties, our procedure should be helpful in the interpretation of absorption spectra of 2p electrons of Si to Ar. In addition, we report calculated results for other kinds of electron spectra for SiH4, PH3, H2S, HCl, and Ar, including valence electron ionizations and excitations as well as X‐ray emission. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Structural analysis of HgCdTe and PbSnTe native oxide films
Authors: Berchenko N. N. , Fruginskii M. S. , Kurilo I. V. , Rudyj I. O. , Virt I. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work is to determine the structure of native oxides of HgCdTe and PbSnTe grown by different methods. The starting materials were epitaxial layers HgCdTe and PbSnTe. Anodic oxides were fabricated under standard conditions, and chemical oxides were grown in H2O2KOH solution. The oxide films have been studied by reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Only oxides obtained through natural oxidation in ambient air at room temperature were found to be completely amorphous. All other oxides must be rated as polycrystalline, and their average size of crystallites was determined using Scherrer's formula. To determine the main oxide components, interplane distances were measured on electron diffraction patterns. CdTeO3 and PbTeO3 may be considered such components in HgCdTe and PbTe anodic oxides correspondingly that is well agreed with predictions based on the phase equilibria in Hg(Pb)Cd(Sn)TeO systems as well as XPS and AES results previously obtained. For PbTe chemical oxide, the presence of TeO2 was detected and it is supposed that the chemical oxidation involves the bimodal oxidation, whereby Pb and Te components in PbTe oxidize separately. By using the microindentation technique the microhardness in the semiconductor layer underlying oxides was investigated. It was determined that for HgCdTe anodic oxide, the microhardness is always increased while for PbTe, both anodic and chemical oxidation decreases the microhardness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scanning capacitance microscopy study of carrier depletion within grains of n‐type polycrystalline silicon
Authors: Naitou Y. , Ogiso H. , Kamohara S. , Yano F. , Nishida A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe local electrical properties and corresponding surface topography for phosphorus‐doped n‐type polycrystalline (n‐poly) silicon layers were investigated using scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) and backside‐etched samples. Applying negative bias stress between a sample and a scanning SCM probe tip was found to induce a depleted region within the CMP n‐ poly‐Si sample. In contrast, bias stressing does not intrinsically change the backside‐etched n‐poly‐Si sample. By combining our results with the results of energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy measurement, we can conclude that the active dopant concentration within n‐poly‐Si grains is inhomogeneous. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pt monolayer on Fe(001) as an alternative cathode catalyst: a first principles study
Authors: Escaño Mary Clare Sison , Nakanishi Hiroshi , Kasai Hideaki 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSpin‐polarized density functional theory (DFT)‐based total energy calculations were performed to investigate the electronic structure of Pt monolayer on Fe(001) {PtML/Fe(001)} and its effect on O2 dissociative adsorption. Local density of states (LDOS) at Pt surface shows induced spin polarization on Pt monolayer increasing unoccupied dzz orbital on Pt surface. The potential energy curves (PEC) for the reaction of Pt with O2 show that the system produces a combination of lower activation barrier for O2 dissociation and a weaker O binding than that of clean Pt(001). The modification of Pt surface electronic structure led to a favorable OPt d interaction with promotion of O unpaired electron antiparallel spin alignment with Pt spin as verified by the decrease in O and Pt magnetic moments upon O adsorption. Such results render stabilization and a lowering of energy cost for O2 activation. The weaker O binding, however, may be attributed to the stronger metal–metal interlayer binding in PtML/Fe(001) than in Pt(001), which indicates an increased stability of Pt monolayer on Fe(001) than on its corresponding pure metal slab. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multielement µ‐ED‐XRF analysis of vertebrate fossil bones
Authors: Olivares M. , Etxebarria N. , Arana G. , Castro K. , Murelaga X. , Berreteaga A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA non‐destructive quantitative analysis method was developed using energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (µ‐EDXRF) in combination with partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) to determine major, minor and some trace elements in vertebrate fossil bones and sediments. This method was compared with the obtained results by traditional destructive analytical methods such as inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP/OES) and inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) in a large range of concentrations (from 10 µg/g to 100 mg/g). A mixture design was conducted in order to build a calibration model by mixing up four different geological reference material with similar matrix components. The collected spectra was pre‐processed following different treatments (log and squared root transformations, derivatization, and sample‐wise normalization) and the best regression models were obtained with the first derivative and with the squared root transformation. The full cross‐validated models were satisfactorily validated with samples prepared in the same way as the calibration set samples, and they were applied to study the composition of several fossil bones. In spite of the goodness of the obtained results working with reference materials and homogeneous samples, in the case of fossils, which were not pretreated, the results show significantly higher uncertainties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A portable instrument for in situ determination of the chemical and phase compositions of cultural heritage objects
Authors: Gianoncelli A. , Castaing J. , Ortega L. , Dooryhée E. , Salomon J. , Walter P. , Hodeau J.‐L. , Bordet P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA portable system has been recently developed; it combines x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, allowing simultaneous elemental analysis and phase identification of inorganic materials. A low power (30 W) air‐cooled Cu anode x‐ray source is used, equipped with a polycapillary semi‐lens to provide a parallel x‐ray beam. The system has been designed without mechanical movements and its configuration allows the analysis of objects with arbitrary shapes; the instrument is particularly suitable for material identification in cultural heritage applications where artefacts are non‐moveable, and/or exhibit irregular surfaces and shapes.In this article, we present the design of the instrument and the first test measurements. In particular, our results show that it is possible to identify the main crystalline phases present in the samples and to perform the analysis in relatively short times, from 30 min to 1 or 2 h. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Hospital‐acquired Pneumonia After Surgery for Gastric Cancer: Results of Prospective Surveillance
Authors: Mohri Yasuhiko , Tonouchi Hitoshi , Miki Chikao , Kobayashi Minako , Kusunoki Masato ,   Mie Surgical Infection Research Group
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP) is recognized as a major risk associated with surgery. Although upper abdominal surgery is known to have the highest incidence of postoperative HAP, little is known about the risk factors that contribute to HAP after gastric cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for HAP after elective surgery for gastric cancer.MethodsWe conducted prospective surveillance of all elective gastric resections by surgeons in ten affiliated hospitals, including ours, from May 2001 to May 2005. The outcome of interest was postoperative HAP. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictive significance of variables in gastric cancer surgery.ResultsA total of 529 patients undergoing elective operations for gastric cancer were admitted to the program. Postoperative HAP was identified in 20 patients (3.6%). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that male gender and intra‐ and/or postoperative blood transfusion were independently predictive of postoperative HAP.ConclusionsMale gender and intra‐ and/or postoperative blood transfusion were independent risk factors for the development of HAP after elective resection of gastric cancer. Surgeons should keep these risk factors in mind when managing postoperative patients.
Nursing Resource Considerations for Implementing an Electronic Documentation System
Authors: Saletnik Laurie Ann , Niedlinger Margaret K. , Wilson Marisa 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIMPLEMENTATION OF AN OR MANAGEMENT information system (ORMIS) requires a significant commitment of human resources.THE EXPERIENCES OF THE PERSONNEL at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, as they transitioned to using a single, unified, computerized ORMIS are detailed in this article.INCLUDED ARE DISCUSSIONS of the nursing resources involved in the process, the lessons learned, and the work that remains to be completed for the hospital to fully utilize the system.
Application of the Updated CDC Isolation Guidelines for Health Care Facilities
Authors: Tarrac Shauna Ely 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTHE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL and Prevention has published updated guidelines for isolation precautions that outline how health care workers can prevent the transmission of infectious agents to their patients and to themselves.THE GUIDELINES RE‐EMPHASIZE standard precautions, which guide clinicians in the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), depending on the expected type of exposure. Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette is incorporated into infection control practices as a new component of standard precautions.THE ARTICLE PROVIDES information on the new guidelines as well as information on newly emerging patho gens and methods to prevent disease transmission in health care settings.
Endometrial leukemia inhibitory factor as a predictor of pregnancy after in vitro fertilization
Authors: Serafini Paulo , Rocha André M. , Osório Cyntia T. , da Silva Ismael , Motta Eduardo L. , Baracat Edmund C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether there is an association between endometrial expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle preceding in vitro fertilization (IVF) and treatment outcome.MethodsBiopsy specimens from the endometria of 52 women in the luteal phase were immunostained against LIF. Embryo culture and transfer were done according to standard procedures.ResultsClinical pregnancy occurred in 39% of the women following IVF, and strong endometrial immunohistochemical staining for LIF was associated with pregnancy (P = 0.01). The women with a strong LIF expression had a 6.4‐fold higher chance of becoming pregnant than those with weaker intensities (P = 0.005).ConclusionEndometrial expression of LIF during the luteal phase can be used as a predictor of IVF success.