bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid responses of bees and butterflies but not birds to targeted urban road verge habitat enhancements
Authors: Brown Julian , Threlfall Caragh G. , Harrison Lee , Baumann Jess , Williams Nicholas S. G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Cities provide opportunities for biodiversity conservation through the design of urban greenspaces as wildlife habitat. A significant proportion of urban public land is narrow linear road verges, though their small size and harsh environmental conditions (e.g. high soil temperatures) may limit their ability to support plants and animals.

We worked with a municipal government in a highly urbanised area to test whether conversion of standard road verges (e.g. lawn) to predominantly native understorey plants (forbs, grasses and shrubs) selected for their abilities to tolerate harsh growing conditions and provide habitat increased the abundance and richness of bees, butterflies and birds. We used a before‐after‐control‐impact experiment and characterised temporal dynamics of biodiversity responses 1 year prior to planting and 4 years post‐planting. We also tested whether traits known to influence species responses to urbanisation (body size and feeding specialisation) mediated responses to road verge plantings.

Bee species richness and abundance increased at experimental plantings in the first post‐planting year and remained stable thereafter despite fluctuations at control sites. Butterfly abundance but not richness increased, and there was no evidence of bird responses to plantings.

Larger bee species, which are known to be most negatively impacted by urbanisation, benefited more from the road verge plantings, while there was no effect of feeding specialisation. Bird and butterfly traits did not mediate responses to plantings.

Synthesis and applications. Road verges comprise a significant proportion of urban green spaces, and our results suggest that despite their small sizes and harsh environmental conditions they can provide habitat for bees and to a lesser extent butterflies. We demonstrated that habitat value can be rapidly enhanced by converting standard road verges to native understorey plants and that these benefits may be greatest for the bee species most negatively impacted by urbanisation. Modifications such as additional plant species or wider verges may be required for urban road verges to provide habitat for a greater range of taxa including birds and butterflies.
Phorophyte preference of an epiphytic orchid (Dendrobium wangliangii) is independent of orchid mycorrhizal fungi that promote seed germination
Authors: Zhao Dake , Mou Zongmin , Zhao Erqiang , Bai Jiamei , Zhang Xue , Yuan Zihan , Wang Ruibin , Wang Qiuxia , Jacquemyn Hans , Ning Chen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Epiphytism is an example of an obligate interspecific interaction between plants, where a plant species grows on another plant species for physical support. In epiphytic orchids that rely on suitable host tree species (phorophytes) and mycorrhizal fungi for germination and growth, a distinct preference has been observed for particular host tree species. However, the factors driving this host preference remain unclear.

In this study, we investigated whether mycorrhizal fungi that promote seedling development determine the preference of phorophytes in the epiphytic orchid Dendrobium wangliangii. First, we identified the preferred host tree species for this orchid. Next, in vitro and in situ germination experiments were conducted to identify potential fungi that promote seed germination. Finally, high‐throughput sequencing was used to assess the distribution of these fungi on both colonized host trees and potential host trees, including individual trees of the host species not yet colonized by the orchid and trees of another species growing in the vicinity of a colonized tree.

Dendrobium wangliangii exhibited a preference for trees within the Fagaceae family. Two Fusarium species from the bark of host trees were identified as the primary fungi that promote seed germination. Successful protocorm formation and seedling development were observed exclusively on preferred phorophytes. Fungal community analyses further indicated that both Fusarium spp. occurred on all potential host trees, suggesting that the host preference of this epiphytic orchid is not constrained by the distribution of suitable mycorrhizal fungi.

Synthesis: Regarding the epiphytes that depend on mycorrhizal fungi for successful seedling recruitment, we conclude that strong epiphyte–phorophyte associations do not arise from the limited distribution of mycorrhizal fungi but are more likely the result of other factors inherent in the phorophyte environment.
Preventing multiple resistance above all: New insights for managing fungal adaptation
Authors: Ballu Agathe , Ugazio Claire , Duplaix Clémentine , Noly Alicia , Wullschleger Juerg , Torriani Stefano F. F. , Dérédec Anne , Carpentier Florence , Walker Anne‐Sophie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSustainable crop protection is vital for food security, yet it is under threat due to the adaptation of a diverse and evolving pathogen population. Resistance can be managed by maximising the diversity of selection pressure through dose variation and the spatial and temporal combination of active ingredients. This study explores the interplay between operational drivers for maximising the sustainability of management strategies in relation to the resistance status of fungal populations. We applied an experimental evolution approach to three artificial populations of Zymoseptoria tritici, an economically significant wheat pathogen, each differing in initial resistance status. Our findings reveal that diversified selection pressure curtails the selection of resistance in naïve populations and those with low frequencies of single resistance. Increasing the number of modes of action most effectively delays resistance development, surpassing the increase in the number of fungicides, fungicide choice based on resistance risk, and temporal variation in fungicide exposure. However, this approach favours generalism in the evolved populations. The prior presence of multiple resistant isolates and their subsequent selection in populations override the effects of diversity in management strategies, thereby invalidating any universal ranking. Therefore, the initial resistance composition must be specifically considered in sustainable resistance management to address real‐world field situations.
Systematic analysis of innate immune‐related genes in the silkworm: Application to antiviral research
Authors: Xia Junming , Peng Ruoxuan , Fei Shigang , Awais Mian Muhammad , Lai Wenxuan , Huang Yigui , Wu Hailin , Yu Yue , Liang Lingying , Swevers Luc , Sun Jingchen , Feng Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe silkworm, a crucial model organism of the Lepidoptera, offers an excellent platform for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the innate immune response of insects toward pathogens. Over the years, researchers worldwide have identified numerous immune‐related genes in silkworms. However, these identified silkworm immune genes are not well classified and not well known to the scientific community. With the availability of the latest genome data of silkworms and the extensive research on silkworm immunity, it has become imperative to systematically categorize the immune genes of silkworms with different database IDs. In this study, we present a meticulous organization of prevalent immune‐related genes in the domestic silkworm, using the SilkDB 3.0 database as a reliable source for updated gene information. Furthermore, utilizing the available data, we classify the collected immune genes into distinct categories: pattern recognition receptors, classical immune pathways, effector genes and others. In‐depth data analysis has enabled us to predict some potential antiviral genes. Subsequently, we performed antiviral experiments on selected genes, exploring their impact on Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication. The outcomes of this research furnish novel insights into the immune genes of the silkworm, consequently fostering advancements in the field of silkworm immunity research by establishing a comprehensive classification and functional understanding of immune‐related genes in the silkworm. This study contributes to the broader understanding of insect immune responses and opens up new avenues for future investigations in the domain of host–pathogen interactions.
Comprehensive quality evaluation of fermented‐steaming Fructus Aurantii based on chemical composition, flavor characteristics, and intestinal microbial community
Authors: Xu Qijian , Li Qinru , Yang Ting , Long Jiangling , Huang Yingying , Luo Yuting , Fang Yangbing , Chen Xuemei , Lu Xiaomei , Zhao Tingxiu , Ma Enyao , Chen Jiamin , Wang Meiqi , Xia Quan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFructus Aurantii (FA) is an edible and medicinal functional food used worldwide that enhances digestion. Since raw FA (RFA) possesses certain side effects for some patients, processed FA (PFA) is commonly used in clinical practice. This study aimed to establish an objective and comprehensive quality evaluation of the PFA that employed the technique of steaming and fermentation. Combined with the volatile and non‐volatile components, as well as the regulation of gut microbiota, the differentiation between RFA and PFA was analyzed. The results showed that the PFA considerably reduced the contents of flavonoid glycosides while increasing hesperidin‐7‐O‐glucoside and flavonoid aglycones. The electronic nose and GC‐MS (Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) effectively detected the variation in flavor between RFA and PFA. Correlation analysis revealed that eight volatile components (relative odor activity value [ROAV] ≥ 0.1) played a key role in inducing odor modifications. The original floral and woody notes were subdued due to decreased levels of linalool, sabinene, α‐terpineol, and terpinen‐4‐ol. After processing, more delightful flavors such as lemon and fruity aromas were acquired. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis indicated a significant increase in beneficial microbial taxa. Particularly, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Blautia exhibited higher abundance following PFA treatment. Conversely, a lower presence of pathogenic bacteria, including Proteobacteria, Flexispira, and Clostridium. This strategy contributes to a comprehensive analysis technique for the quality assessment of FA, providing scientific justifications for processing FA into high‐value products with enhanced health benefits.Practical ApplicationThis study provided an efficient approach to Fructus Aurantii quality evaluation. The methods of fermentation and steaming showed improved quality and safety.
The influence of tree genus, phylogeny, and richness on the specificity, rarity, and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Tedersoo Leho , Drenkhan Rein , Abarenkov Kessy , Anslan Sten , Bahram Mohammad , Bitenieks Kriss , Buegger Franz , Gohar Daniyal , Hagh‐Doust Niloufar , Klavina Darta , Makovskis Kristaps , Zusevica Austra , Pritsch Karin , Padari Allar , Põlme Sergei , Rahimlou Saleh , Rungis Dainis , Mikryukov Vladimir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPartner specificity is a well‐documented phenomenon in biotic interactions, yet the factors that determine specificity in plant‐fungal associations remain largely unknown. By utilizing composite soil samples, we identified the predictors that drive partner specificity in both plants and fungi, with a particular focus on ectomycorrhizal associations. Fungal guilds exhibited significant differences in overall partner preference and avoidance, richness, and specificity to specific tree genera. The highest level of specificity was observed in root endophytic and ectomycorrhizal associations, while the lowest was found in arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. The majority of ectomycorrhizal fungal species showed a preference for one of their partner trees, primarily at the plant genus level. Specialist ectomycorrhizal fungi were dominant in belowground communities in terms of species richness and relative abundance. Moreover, all tree genera (and occasionally species) demonstrated a preference for certain fungal groups. Partner specificity was not related to the rarity of fungi or plants or environmental conditions, except for soil pH. Depending on the partner tree genus, specific fungi became more prevalent and relatively more abundant with increasing stand age, tree dominance, and soil pH conditions optimal for the partner tree genus. The richness of partner tree species and increased evenness of ectomycorrhizal fungi in multi‐host communities enhanced the species richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, it was primarily the partner‐generalist fungi that contributed to the high diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in mixed forests.
Surgery challenges and postoperative complications of lung cancer after neoadjuvant immunotherapy
Authors: Bai Guangyu , Chen Xiaowei , Peng Yue , Ji Ying , Bie Fenglong , Liu Yang , Yang Zhenlin , Gao Shugeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn China, real‐world data on surgical challenges and postoperative complications after neoadjuvant immunotherapy of lung cancer are limited.MethodsPatients were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to January 2023, and their clinical and pathological characters were subsequently analyzed. Surgical difficulty was categorized into a binary classification according to surgical duration: challenging or routine. Postoperative complications were graded using Clavien–Dindo grades. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors affecting the duration of surgery and postoperative complications greater than Clavien–Dindo grade 2.ResultsIn total, 261 patients were included. Of these, stage III patients accounted for 62.5% (163/261) at initial diagnosis, with 25.3% (66/261) at stage IIIB. Central‐type non‐small‐cell lung cancer accounted for 61.7% (161/261). One hundred and forty patients underwent video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery and lobectomy accounted for 53.3% (139/261) of patients. Surgical time over average duration was defined as challenging surgeries, accounting for 43.7%. The postoperative complications rate of 261 patients was only 22.2%. Smoking history (odds ratio [OR] = 9.96, 95% [CI] 1.15–86.01, p = 0.03), chemoimmunotherapy (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.22–6.86, p = 0.02), and conversion to open surgery (OR = 11.3, 95% CI 1.38–92.9, p = 0.02) were identified as independent risk factors for challenging surgeries, while pneumonectomy (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.15–0.86, p= 0.02) was a protective factor. Meanwhile, pneumonectomy (OR = 7.51, 95% CI 2.40–23.51, p < 0.01) and challenging surgeries (OR = 5.53, 95% CI 1.50–20.62, p = 0.01) were found to be risk factors for postoperative complications greater than Clavien–Dindo grade 2.ConclusionsCompared to immunotherapy alone or in combination with apatinib, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy could increase the difficulty of surgery while the incidence of postoperative complications remained acceptable. The conversion to open surgery and pneumonectomy after neoadjuvant immunotherapy should be reduced.
Workforce strategies to address children's mental health and behavioural needs in rural, regional and remote areas: A scoping review
Authors: Hurley John , Longbottom Paula , Bennett Bindi , Yoxall Jacqui , Hutchinson Marie , Foley Kitty‐Rose , Happell Brenda , Parkes Jill , Currey Kate 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionChildren living in rural, regional and remote locations experience challenges to receiving services for mental illness and challenging behaviours. Additionally, there is a lack of clarity about the workforce characteristics to address the needs of this population.ObjectiveTo scope the literature on the rural, regional and remote child mental health and behavioural workforce and identify barriers and enabling mechanisms to mental health service provision.DesignA scoping review utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A database search was undertaken using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Scopus to identify papers published 2010–2023. Research articles reporting data on mental health workforce characteristics for children aged under 12 years, in rural, regional or remote locations were reviewed for inclusion.FindingsSeven hundred and fifty‐four papers were imported into Covidence with 22 studies being retained. Retained studies confirmed that providing services to meet the needs of children's mental health is an international challenge.DiscussionThe thematic analysis of the review findings highlighted four workforce strategies to potentially mitigate some of these challenges. These were: (1) The use of telehealth for clinical services and workforce upskilling; (2) Role shifting where non mental health professionals assumed mental health workforce roles; (3) Service structure strategies, and (4) Indigenous and rural cultural factors.ConclusionA range of potential strategies exists to better meet the needs of children with mental health and behavioural issues. Adapting these to specific community contexts through co‐design and production may enhance their efficacy.
Transforming health care delivery: The role of primary health care nurses in rural and remote Australia
Authors: Robinson Tracy , Govan Linda , Bradley Cressida , Rossiter Rachel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThis paper describes the policy context and approaches taken to improve access to primary health care in Australia by supporting nurses to deliver improved integrated care meeting community needs.ContextIn Primary Health Care (PHC), the nursing workforce are predominantly employed in the general practice sector. Despite evidence that nurse‐led models of care can bridge traditional treatment silos in the provision of specialised and coordinated care, PHC nurses' scope of practice varies dramatically. Nurse‐led models of care are imperative for rural and remote populations that experience workforce shortages and barriers to accessing health care. Existing barriers include policy constraints, limited organisational structures, education and financing models.ApproachThe Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association (APNA) received funding to implement nurse‐led clinics as demonstration projects. The clinics enable PHC nurses to work to their full scope of practice, improve continuity of care and increase access to health care in under serviced locations. We reviewed a range of peer‐reviewed literature, policy documents, grey literature and APNA provided sources, particularly those relevant to rural and remote populations. We argue more focus is needed on how to address variations in the scope of practice of the rural and remote PHC nursing workforce.ConclusionDespite growing evidence for the effectiveness of nurse‐led models of care, significant policy and financial barriers continue to inhibit PHC nurses working to their full scope of practice. If their potential to transform health care and increase access to health services is to be realised these barriers must be addressed.
Becoming‐Interdependent: Democratic Praxis In‐Against‐and‐Beyond Capitalism in Agrifood Collectives
Authors: Smessaert Jacob , Feola Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper contributes to debates on autonomous geographies by foregrounding and analysing democratic praxis in two grassroots agrifood collectives to interrogate the ways in which it constitutes a vehicle for postcapitalist transformation. We focus on the negotiation and (re)distribution of power (Case Study 1) and the politicisation of ambiguous human–more‐than‐human entanglements (Case Study 2) and find that the dynamics and frictions these collectives experience can be understood as diverse processes of becoming‐interdependent. Becoming‐interdependent refers to a collective recognition of existing and emerging relationships and dependencies (amongst human people as well as between humans and more‐than‐human actors) and efforts to continuously navigate these. Based on these insights, we discuss tensions between capitalist–postcapitalist realities and making–unmaking in grassroots collectives. We conclude by conceptualising becoming‐interdependent as a deliberate response to the separations and abstractions inscribed in capitalism and by connecting it to debates on strategies for postcapitalist transformation.
Sequence stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous in the Eastern Barents Sea
Authors: Mordasova Alina V. , Stoupakova Antonina V. , Suslova Anna A. , Escalona Alejandro V. , Marín Dora , Gilmullina Albina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in the Eastern Barents Sea Basin are up to 2 km thick and represent one of the least studied Arctic intervals. Here, for the first time, we present a detailed analysis of 43,000 km of 2D seismic profiles, as well as well‐log and core data from 24 offshore wells with the aim to create a comprehensive sequence stratigraphic framework that can be integrated with the rest of the basin. Results show that (1) seven third‐order sequences and five types of clinoforms can be identified based on integrated seismic and well data. The age of each sequence was established based on published biostratigraphic investigations along with new dinocyst interpretations included in this study; (2) the deep marine basin was gradually filled with sediments coming from north, east and south as a response to HALIP, Canada Basin opening and Cimmerian uplift of Novaya Zemlya, and was preserved only in the south‐western part of the Barents Sea Basin at the end of Early Cretaceous and (3) both Eastern Barents Sea and West Siberia Basin share similarities in sedimentary environments and tectonic setting, though the spatial distribution of clastic reservoirs in Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous mega‐sequence heavily depends on the source areas that require more provenance focused research. The results presented here can be used in further regional exploration in the area and to better understand the geodynamic evolution of the Greater Barents Sea Basin.
Role of autophagy and proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: Exploring the therapeutic interventions
Authors: Panwar Surbhi , Uniyal Prerna , Kukreti Neelima , Hashmi Afreen , Verma Shivani , Arya Aanchal , Joshi Gaurav 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders are devastating disorders characterized by gradual loss of neurons and cognition or mobility impairment. The common pathological features of these diseases are associated with the accumulation of misfolded or aggregation of proteins. The pivotal roles of autophagy and proteostasis in maintaining cellular health and preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). This article presents an in‐depth examination of the interplay between autophagy and proteostasis, highlighting how these processes cooperatively contribute to cellular homeostasis and prevent pathogenic protein aggregate accumulation. Furthermore, the review emphasises the potential therapeutic implications of targeting autophagy and proteostasis to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases. While advancements in research hold promise for developing novel treatments, the article also addresses the challenges and complexities associated with modulating these intricate cellular pathways. Ultimately, advancing understanding of the underlying mechanism of autophagy and proteostasis in neurodegenerative disorders provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues and future research directions.