bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress, chronic disease, and muscle wasting
Authors: Moylan Jennifer S. , Reid Michael B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnderlying the pathogenesis of chronic disease is the state of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant levels. If an overproduction of oxidants overwhelms the antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage of cells, tissues, and organs ensues. In some cases, oxidative stress is assigned a causal role in disease pathogenesis, whereas in others the link is less certain. Along with underlying oxidative stress, chronic disease is often accompanied by muscle wasting. It has been hypothesized that catabolic programs leading to muscle wasting are mediated by oxidative stress. In cases where disease is localized to the muscle, this concept is easy to appreciate. Transmission of oxidative stress from diseased remote organs to skeletal muscle is thought to be mediated by humoral factors such as inflammatory cytokines. This review examines the relationship between oxidative stress, chronic disease, and muscle wasting, and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress acts as a catabolic signal. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Anti‐MuSK myasthenia gravis presenting with Epstein–Barr virus‐associated mononucleosis and immune‐mediated diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bhibhatbhan Arunee , Kline Gregory , Vincent Angela , Toth Cory 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report a young woman with the abrupt onset of infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr virus associated with a subsequent autoimmune form of diabetes mellitus and myasthenia gravis with anti–muscle‐specific kinase (MuSK) antibodies. The simultaneous onset of these two autoimmune diseases preceded by a systemic viral illness supports a causal relationship between MuSK antibodies and myasthenia gravis and suggests the possibility of a viral trigger in some cases. Muscle Nerve, 2007
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of transgenic mouse models with altered high‐energy phosphoryl transfer metabolism
Authors: Renema W. Klaas Jan , Kan Hermien E. , Wieringa Bé , Heerschap Arend 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies of transgenic mice provide powerful means to investigate the in vivo biological significance of gene products. Mice with an under‐ or overexpression of enzymes involved in high‐energy phosphoryl transfer (∼P) are particulary attractive for in vivo MR spectroscopy studies as the substrates of these enzymes are metabolites that are visible in MR spectra. This review provides a brief overview of the strategies used for generation and study of genetically altered mice and introduces the reader to some practical aspects of in vivo MRS studies on mice. The major part of the paper reviews results of in vivo MRS studies on transgenic mice with alterations in the expression of enzymes involved in ∼P metabolism, such as creatine kinase, adenylate kinase and guanidinoacetate methyl transferase. The particular metabolic consequences of these enzyme deficiencies in skeletal muscle, brain, heart and liver are addressed. Additionally, the use of ∼P systems as markers of gene expression by MRS, such as after viral transduction of genes, is described. Finally, a compilation of tissue levels of metabolites in skeletal muscle, heart and brain of wild‐type and transgenic mice, as determined by in vivo MRS, is given. During the last decade, transgenic MRS studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of the physiological role of phosphotransfer enzymes, and to the view that these enzymes together build a much larger metabolic energy network that is highly versatile and can dynamically adapt to intrinsic genotoxic and extrinsic physiological challenges. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural topology optimization for the design of broadband dielectric resonator antennas using the finite difference time domain technique
Authors: Nomura Tsuyoshi , Sato Kazuo , Taguchi Kenji , Kashiwa Tatsuya , Nishiwaki Shinji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) are a relatively new class of antenna that utilizes the radiation phenomena of dielectric resonators in open space. Since mainly analytical approaches have been applied to investigate DRA designs, the current DRA forms are limited to simple geometric shapes and high‐performance DRAs with complex shapes have not yet been developed. Topology optimization is capable of yielding high‐performance structures, and has been extensively applied to a variety of structural optimization problems. Applying it to the task of DRA design may be extremely useful for the design of high‐performance antennas. On the other hand, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method has been used to numerically evaluate general antenna performance, since it is numerically robust during time domain analyses and can handle complex models. Thus, the integration of topology optimization with the FDTD method has the potential to enable innovative designs of advanced antennas that offer exceptional performance. In this research, we propose a new topology optimization method for the design of DRAs that aim to operate with enhanced bandwidths, using the FDTD method. First, the concept of topology optimization is briefly discussed, and a way to integrate topology optimization with the FDTD method is proposed. Next, design requirements are clarified and the corresponding objective functions and the optimization problem are formulated. An optimization algorithm is constructed based on these formulations. Finally, several DRA design examples are presented to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lysis at the anterior vertebral body margin: evidence for brucellar spondylitis?
Authors: Mays S. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently, palaeopathologists have begun to diagnose brucellosis in skeletal remains from minor lytic lesions located on the anterior margins of one or some few vertebral bodies, taking these lesions to represent brucellar epiphysitis. However, review of the literature indicates that these lesions have been sporadically noted for some time by palaeopathologists and various different interpretations have been placed upon them. In view of this, a study of these vertebral marginal lesions (VML) was undertaken in a large series of archaeological skeletons from England, with the aim of characterising their morphology and frequency and shedding light upon their causes. In the study material, VML were found only in the lumbar spine, where they occurred with a prevalence of approximately 4%. It was argued that VML are consistent with two principal alternative diagnoses: brucellosis and traumatic anterior disc herniation. Differentiating these possibilities for the VML in the study material was difficult, but the balance of the evidence seemed to favour traumatic anterior disc herniation as the more likely cause. It is concluded that VML should not be used to identify the presence of brucellosis in skeletal remains unless there is further evidence, in the form of additional skeletal lesions or biomolecular evidence for residual brucella bacterial DNA, to support such a diagnosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of needle diameter on nanofiber diameter and thermal properties of electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Macossay Javier , Marruffo Alexis , Rincon Roman , Eubanks Tom , Kuang Anxiu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of needle diameter on the resulting electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) average nanofiber diameter has been evaluated for three different needle gauges. The resulting nanofibers were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), suggesting a lack of correlation between the needle diameter used and the resulting average nanofiber diameter. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated an increase in the thermal stability of PMMA nanofibers when compared to powdered PMMA, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies evidenced lower glass transition temperatures (Tg) for PMMA nanofibers in the first heating cycle. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of novel silicone modified acrylic resins and their film properties
Authors: Özgümüş S. , İyim T. B. , Acar I. , Küçükoğlu E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNew silicone modified acrylic resins were synthesized and some of their film properties were investigated. At first, macromer (MC) was synthesized by the condensation reaction of the reactive polysiloxane intermediate (Z‐6018) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in toluene as solvent at 110°C under nitrogen atmosphere. Then, MC was reacted with 2‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) at different mole ratios (1:1, 1:3, 1:5) by using benzoyl peroxide as initiator in toluene to obtain novel silicone acrylic resins. These resins were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT‐IR), and their thermal properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The properties of the films prepared from these resins were determined. The results showed that these resins are thermally stable polymers and all films are flexible, semi‐gloss and have excellent drying, adhesion properties. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biofunctional properties of polyester fibers grafted with chitosan and collagen
Authors: Jou Chi‐Hsiung , Lin Shang‐Ming , Yun Ling , Hwang Mou‐Chuan , Yu Da‐Guang , Chou Wen‐Li , Lee Jui‐Sheng , Yang Ming‐Chien 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber was treated with 60Co‐γ‐ray and grafted with acrylic acid (AA). The resulting fibers were further grafted with chitosan (CS) via esterification. Afterward collagen (COL) was immobilized onto CS‐grafting fibers. The antibacterial activity of CS against Staphylococus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was preserved after COL‐immobilization. After immobilizing COL, the L929 fibroblasts cell proliferation was promoted than CS‐grafting PET fiber. The results indicate that by grafting with CS and immobilizing with COL, PET fibers exhibited both antibacterial activity against four pathological bacteria and improvement in the proliferation of fibroblast. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The psychosocial impact of parental cancer on children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Osborn Tessa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review aimed to identify (i) whether early stage parental cancer is associated with an increased risk of psychosocial difficulties amongst children and adolescents; (ii) which factors are associated with variations in psychosocial functioning amongst these children and adolescents. Searches of four electronic databases and the reference lists of relevant articles revealed 10 studies which satisfied the inclusion criteria for the first review question and thirteen studies for the second. Limitations in methodological quality and modest numbers of studies examining the same variables, restricted the conclusions which could be drawn. Overall, the evidence suggests that children and adolescents do not generally experience elevated levels of serious psychosocial difficulties compared to reference groups, but they are at a slightly increased risk for internalising type problems. Adolescent daughters appear to be the most negatively affected group. The prevalent use of measures of child psychopathology may be masking more context‐specific problems and lower levels of distress. Family variables, especially family communication/expressiveness, are consistently associated with child/adolescent psychosocial functioning and there is suggestive evidence for the role of maternal depression/adjustment and parenting variables. There is little evidence that medical/treatment variables are important predictors of child outcomes. These findings have implications for identifying families with children most in need of support and indicating variables to target in interventions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological adjustment of survivors of localised prostate cancer: investigating the role of dyadic adjustment, cognitive appraisal and coping style
Authors: Wootten Addie C. , Burney Sue , Foroudi Farshad , Frydenberg Mark , Coleman Grahame , Ng Kim T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to identify the factors that contribute to psychological adjustment in prostate cancer patients two or more years post‐treatment.Method: One hundred and sixty‐seven men who had undergone treatment for localised prostate cancer participated in this study. In the sample 63 participants had undergone external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), 55 radical prostatectomy (RP), 27 EBRT plus hormone therapy (EBRT/HT), and the remainder a combination of treatments. Patients completed the UCLA‐PCI, the POMS, CISS, DAS and a threat appraisal questionnaire.Results: The majority of patients reported relatively positive adjustment in most domains except sexual functioning. For those who reported ongoing psychological difficulty mood disturbance was associated with sexual bother, dyadic adjustment, threat appraisal, self‐efficacy appraisal and emotion‐focussed coping. Lower levels of urinary bother were associated with the use of more task‐focussed coping. Emotion‐focussed coping and threat appraisal mediated the relationship between sexual bother and mood disturbance. Emotion‐focussed coping moderated the influence of dyadic adjustment on mood disturbance.Conclusions: Dyadic adjustment, threat appraisal and coping style play a significant role in the long‐term psychological adjustment of prostate cancer patients. The results of the current study indicate that the use of emotion‐focussed coping to manage sexual bother appears to result in poor psychological adjustment, which indicates the need for further education or intervention to manage sexual dysfunction.Ethics Clearance: Human ethics approval was granted from Southern Health, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Monash University Ethics Committee before commencement of data collection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray absorption and molecular dynamics study of cation binding sites in the purple membrane
Authors: Sepulcre Francesc , Cordomí Arnau , Proietti M. Grazia , Perez Juan J. , García Joaquin , Querol Enric , Padrós Esteve 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present work describes the results of a study aimed at identifying candidate cation binding sites on the extracellular region of bacteriorhodopsin, including a site near the retinal pocket. The approach used is a combined effort involving computational chemistry methods (computation of cation affinity maps and molecular dynamics) together with the Extended X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) technique to obtain relevant information about the local structure of the protein in the neighborhood of Mn2+ ions in different affinity binding sites. The results permit the identification of a high‐affinity binding site where the ion is coordinated simultaneously to Asp212− and Asp85−. Comparison of EXAFS data of the wild type protein with the quadruple mutant E9Q/E74Q/E194Q/E204Q at pH 7.0 and 10.0 demonstrate that extracellular glutamic acid residues are involved in cation binding. Proteins 2007 © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of doping location on photoconductive spectrum of SiGe quantum dots
Authors: Schacham S. E. , Vardi A. , Le Thanh V. , Finkman E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComparative analysis of photoconductive (PC) spectra obtained from SiGe quantum dots grown on Si shows large dependence on the location of doping. The sample with doping in the silicon barrier has much larger response than the sample in which the doping was placed in the wetting layer, i.e. in the self assembled dots. This is due to the penetration of the wave‐function into the barrier in the first structure, as shown by the 1‐D simulation. Several peaks in the infrared were observed, ranging from 70 to 220 meV, associated with inter‐level transitions of holes in the valance band of the dot or the wetting layer. The overall spectra and the relative intensity of the various peaks change drastically with bias magnitude and polarity. The PC signals increase super‐linearly with bias, indicating that the carriers are released into the quasi‐continuum through tunneling. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Terahertz radiation from coherent confined optical phonons in GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells
Authors: Nakayama M. , Mizoguchi K. , Kojima O. , Furuichi T. , Mizumoto A. , Saito S. , Syouji A. , Sakai K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have investigated the characteristics of the intense terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation in (GaAs)35/(AlAs)35 multiple quantum wells with an optical gating method, where the radiation source is coherent longitudinal optical (LO) phonons confined in the GaAs layers. It is found that the intensity of the THz wave from the coherent GaAs‐like LO phonon is enhanced under the condition that the pump‐pulse energy is resonant with the energies of the confined heavy‐hole and light‐hole excitons, which suggests the considerable contribution of the Fröhlich interaction to the generation mechanism. The period‐number dependence of the THz‐wave intensity demonstrates that the THz wave generated in each GaAs layer is constructively superimposed. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the THz‐wave intensity is discussed from an aspect of disturbance by thermal phonons. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐controlled LEDs and VCSELs
Authors: Hövel S. , Gerhardt N. C. , Brenner C. , Hofmann M. R. , Lo F.‐Y. , Reuter D. , Wieck A. D. , Schuster E. , Keune W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo different concepts for transferring spin‐optoelectronics to practical room temperature operation devices are explained. First, electrical spin injection in the absence of an external magnetic field and up to room temperature is demonstrated for the first time using Fe/Tb‐multilayers as Schottky‐injectors on common LED‐structures. Complete switching of the polarization from one orientation to the opposite is feasible within ±0.3 T.Second, the amplification of spin‐information in vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) is demonstrated by optical test experiments. The output polarization of the VCSEL is unambiguously controlled by the polarized optical excitation. Furthermore, only a spin polarization degree of 30% for the electrons in the active region is required to generate a 100% polarized emission at room temperature for both pulsed and continuous optical excitation.Finally, we suggest a combination of both concepts in an electrically pumped spin‐VCSEL. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Confinement effects on optical phonons in spherical, rod‐, and tetrapod‐shaped nanocrystals detected by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Nobile Concetta , Kudera Stefan , Fiore Angela , Carbone Luigi , Chilla Gerwin , Kipp Tobias , Heitmann Detlef , Cingolani Roberto , Manna Liberato , Krahne Roman 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpherical, rod‐ and tetrapod shaped CdSe nanocrystals are investigated by Raman spectroscopy and the longitudinal‐optical and surface optical phonons are observed. We find that the position of the longitudinal‐optical phonon slightly red‐shifts with decreasing diameter, whereas the position of the surface optical phonon depends significantly on diameter and length of the rods or the tetrapod arms. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interface photonic states at the boundary between a metal and a dielectric Bragg mirror
Authors: Shelykh I. A. , Kaliteevskii M. , Kavokin A. V. , Brand S. , Abram R. A. , Chamberlain J. M. , Malpuech G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTamm states of light are localized interface modes inside the light‐cone. In contrast to the surface modes they can have a zero in‐plane wave‐vector. We show that they can be formed in both TE and TM polarizations at the boundary between the isotropic media with a negative dielectric constant (e.g. a metal below the plasmon resonance) and a periodical dielectric Bragg structure. It is shown that the order of layers in Bragg structure is crucial for the appearance of the Tamm states. The in‐plane dispersion of the interface states is parabolic with effective masses slightly different for TE and TM polarizations, both of the order of 10–5 of the free electron mass. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of localized 2D‐layers of silicon nanoparticles embedded in a SiO2 layer by a stencil‐masked ultra‐low energy ion implantation process
Authors: Dumas C. , Grisolia J. , Ressier L. , Arbouet A. , Paillard V. , Ben Assayag G. , Claverie A. , van den Boogaart M. A. F. , Brugger J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe propose an original approach called “stencil‐masked ion implantation process” to perform a spatially localized synthesis of a limited number of Si nanoparticles (nps) within a thin SiO2 layer. This process consists in implanting silicon ions at ultra‐low energy through a stencil mask containing a periodic array of opened windows (from 50 nm to 2 µm). After the stencil removal, a thermal annealing is used to synthesize small and spherical embedded nps. AFM observations show that the stencil windows are perfectly transferred into the substrate without any clogging or blurring effect. The samples exhibit a 3 nm localized swelling of the regions rich in Si nps. Moreover, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy shows that due to the quantum confinement only the implanted regions containing the Si nps are emitting light. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contactless electroreflectance and photoluminescence study of highly strained InGaAs(Sb) double quantum wells
Authors: Hsu H. P. , Korotcov A. , Huang Y. S. , Chen W. C. , Su Y. K. , Tiong K. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInGaAs(Sb)/GaAs double quantum wells (DQWs) structures grown with Sb assistance under different Sb/V ratios by metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) have been characterized as a function of temperature in the temperature range between 17 and 300 K by the techniques of contactless electroreflectance (CER) and photoluminescence (PL). The interband transition energies are determined via a lineshape fit to the CER spectra and exhibit a slight redshift with the incorporation of Sb. The PL spectra show redshifted peak location with decreasing intensity and broadened full width at half maximum with increasing Sb/V ratio during MOVPE growth. A careful analysis of CER and PL spectra has led to the identification of various excitonic transitions. The anomalous temperature variation of PL spectra has been attributed to the carrier localization effect resulted from the presence of Sb clusters at the QW interfaces. The parameters that describe the temperature dependence of the interband transition energies are evaluated and discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)