bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERMITTENT CUSHING'S DISEASE WITH SPONTANEOUS REMISSION
Authors: SCOTT R. S. , ESPINER E. A. , DONALD R. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA patient with well documented Cushing's syndrome, associated with excessive secretion of ACTH, was studied over a 20 month period. During this time there were three episodes of spontaneous biochemical remission and except for a 7 day period of exacerbation the patient has had normal Cortisol production for the last 15 months. During this recent prolonged remission period, repeat pituitary function testing demonstrated persistent abnormalities of the hypothalamic pituitary axis, in that ACTH failed to respond to a hypoglycaemic stimulus. However in all other respects adrenal function was normal with preservation of diurnal rhythmicity of cortisol and ACTH, and intact dexamethasone suppressability of cortisol. The additional unusual features of normal GH and TSH responses to stimulation, during either remission or exacerbation, suggest a subtle and localized hypothalamic defect in this case.
SERUM ANDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN NEONATES AND YOUNG INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO 21‐HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY*
Authors: PANG S. , LEVINE L. S. , CHOW D. M. , FAIMAN C. , NEW M. I. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYConcentrations of androstenedione (Δ4‐A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), testosterone (T), and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP) were measured in cord sera and in sera of normal and sick infants from birth to 18 months of age, and were compared with those of five male and five female infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (CAH). Cord blood androgen concentrations (Δ4‐A, DHA, T) in three affected CAH newborns and 17‐OHP in two of these infants did not differ from those of normal newborns (twenty females, thirty‐four males). Postnatally, in infants with CAH, both Δ4‐A and 17‐OHP was highly elevated while DHA was not different from that of normal or sick infants. However, one very sick infant with both elevated Δ4‐A and 17‐OHP was ultimately proven to be normal. T in all affected CAH females (70–650 ng/dl) was clearly elevated compared to normal and sick infants (<5–38 ng/dl). T concentrations in four of the five male infants with CAH (60–295 ng/dl) were indistinguishable from the T concentrations in normal newborn males (25–458 ng/dl). Following treatment, longitudinal studies of 17‐OHP and androgens in these infants with CAH showed significantly positive correlation between 17‐OHP and Δ4‐A in both male (r = 0.74) and female (r = 0.8) infants while a positive correlation between 17‐OHP and T was present only in female infants (r=0–97). Thus, serum Δ4‐A was as useful as 17‐OHP for both diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of CAH in both sexes while T was useful only in female infants. Of interest was that T in the male infants with CAH rapidly decreased with glucocorticoid administration and remained low (< 2–11 ng/dl) for 3–4 weeks during the period when T is normally high. This suggests that in CAH the T was adrenal in origin and that testicular T was suppressed in the untreated state. These data support the presence of a negative feedback effect by excess adrenal sex steroids o n the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis in young male infants with CAH.
AMYLOID GOITRE IN FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER
Authors: DANOVITCH G. M. , ROITH D. LE , SOBEL R. , SIKULERd E. , STRAUS R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThree patients known to suffer from familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), systemic amyloidosis and chronic renal failure developed large amyloid goitres. Amyloid goitre is an extremely rare complication of systemic amyloidosis not previously described in FMF. The clinical and pathological features of these three cases were similar to those previously described in amyloid goitre. In two of the patients abnormalities in thyroid function were consistent with those documented in chronic renal failure. There was evidence of hypothyroidism in a third patient. There was no evidence of amyloid induced dysfunction of other endocrine organs.
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN PLASMA AND TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS OF 17 β‐OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE DURING HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: BATRA S. , BENGTSSON L. P. , SJÖBERG N‐O. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOestradiol and progesterone concentration in plasma, decidua, myometrium and placenta obtained from women undergoing Caesarian section at term and abortion at weeks 16–22 of pregnancy were determined. There was a significant increase in oestradiol concentration (per g wet wt) both in placenta, decidua and myometrium from mid‐term to term. Both at mid‐term and term oestradiol concentrations in decidua and myometrium were much smaller than those in the plasma (per ml). Progesterone concentration in placenta and in myometrium did not increase from mid‐term to term where it increased significantly in decidua. Decidual and myometrial progesterone concentrations at mid‐term were 2–3 times higher than those in plasma, but at term the concentrations in both these tissues were lower than in plasma. The ratio progesterone/oestradiol in plasma, decidua, myometrium and placenta at mid‐term was 8.7, 112.2, 61.4 and 370.0, respectively, and it decreased significantly in the myometrium and placenta but was nearly unchanged in plasma and decidua at term. The general conclusion to be drawn from the present study is the lack of correspondence between the plasma concentrations and the tissue concentrations of female sex steroids during pregnancy.
PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM IN A MONGOL GIRL
Authors: HANCOCK K. W. , STITCH S. R. , CHAPMAN C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA mongol child suffering from hypothyroidism who presented with precocious puberty is described. A presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic precocious puberty was first made and she was treated initially with medroxyprogesterone acetate, and later with cyproterone acetate. The diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism was made late because of misleading results of protein bound iodine estimations. Subsequently, thyroid medication resulted in a prompt return to the normal range of the previously elevated levels of plasma gonadotrophins, thyroid stimulating hormone and plasma and urinary oestrogens, but the serum prolactin remained elevated for several months after therapy was begun.
INCREASED PLASMA ACTIVITIES OF N‐ACETYL‐β‐D‐GLUCOSAMINIDASE ISOENZYMES IN HUMAN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: POON P. Y. W. , DORNAN T. L. , ELLIS R. B. , TURNER R. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase activities are raised in maturity‐onset insulin‐dependent diabetic patients. Continuous gradient DEAE‐cellulose column chromatography and assay of heat‐stable enzyme activity both show that the activities of all isoenzymes are equally increased rather than a previously described increase of specific isoenzymes. Plasma enzyme activities are similarly increased in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy, and correlate with simultaneous plasma glucose concentrations.
ELEVATED THYROXINE‐BINDING GLOBULIN WITH X‐CHROMOSOME LINKED INHERITANCE
Authors: BUCHANAN B. D. , HAGEN G. A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA new kindred with elevated levels of serum thyroxine‐binding globulin (TBG) as an inherited trait has been reported. Of the twenty‐four family members tested, three males and nine females had elevated serum TBG. The pedigree was consistent with an X‐chromosome linked mode of inheritance.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASMA PROLACTIN CONCENTRATION AND PITUITARY FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH A PITUITARY ADENOMA
Authors: HAGEN C. , LINDHOLM J. , SUENSON E. , RIISHEDE J. , HUMMER L. , JACOBSEN H.H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe influence of hyperprolactinaemia on endocrine functions in forty‐two consecutive patients with untreated pituitary tumours was studied. Patients with acromegaly, Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome were excluded. Sixteen patients (eleven men and five women) had a pituitary adenoma with suprasellar extension and twenty‐six (eleven men and fifteen women) had a small intrasellar tumour. Basal plasma prolactin concentration was measured in all. Thyroid function was assessed by plasma thyroxine (T4) and TSH concentrations, adrenocortical function and growth hormone (GH) secretion by the maximum plasma Cortisol, adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and GH concentrations, respectively, during insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia (ITT). Gonadal function was studied by measuring plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol‐17β and in men, testosterone. On the basis of computer assisted tomography of the sella turcica, the tumour volume was calculated. The basal plasma prolactin concentration was elevated in 69% of the patients. Decreased GH secretion was the most frequent pituitary dysfunction (78%) followed in men by gonadal insufficiency (77%), adrenocortical insufficiency (31%) and thyroid insufficiency (21%). There was no difference between patients with elevated and normal plasma prolactin concentration as to the tumour volume and any of the endocrine variables.
INCREASED ALDOSTERONE SECRETION INDUCED BY SULPIRIDE
Authors: COSTA G. , FRISINA N. , DE PASQUALE R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSulpiride induces an increase in plasma prolactin and a simultaneous increase of aldosterone release in man. In isolated and superfused bovine adrenal glands, prolactin does not increase aldosterone production even in high concentrations, whereas sulpiride induces a significant and long lasting increase in the production of this hormone and a concomitant increase in the tissue levels of cAMP. This suggests a direct effect on the biosynthesis of aldosterone.
EFFECTS OF SULPIRIDE INDUCED HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH TURNER'S SYNDROME
Authors: LOLI P. , RIOLO A. , BONOMO M. , RONZONI M. , BOTALLA L. , GELLI D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn order to evaluate the interference of prolactin (PRL) on some aspects of pituitary‐gonadal derangement observed in patients with hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea (HA), a GnRH stimulation test (100 μg i.v.) was performed on twenty‐one patients with hyperprolactinaemia without evidence of pituitary tumour and in nine subjects with Turner's syndrome (TS) before and after sulpiride administration (200 mg/day orally, for 3 months). In patients with HA an enhanced response of gonadotrophins to GnRH was observed. In patients with TS a further increase of the gonadotrophin hyper‐responsiveness to the releasing hormone occurred when hyperprolactinaemia was induced by chronic sulpiride administration. Since, in these patients, appreciable ovarian steroido‐genesis is lacking, a direct effect of the increased plasma PRL at the hypothalamo‐pituitary level is likely. In hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea pituitary hyper‐responsiveness may not be due to PRL effect on ovarian steroidogenesis.
A COMPARISON OF NEPHROGENOUS CYCLIC AMP, TOTAL URINARY CYCLIC AMP AND THE RENAL TUBULAR MAXIMUM REABSORPTIVE CAPACITY FOR PHOSPHATE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: ALSTON W. C. , ALLEN K.R. , TOVEY J. E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA determination was made of total urinary adenosine 3′‐5′cyclic monophosphate (UcAMP), nephrogenous cyclic AMP (NcAMP) excretion and also of the renal tubular maximum reabsorptive capacity for phosphate TmPO4/GFR (all expressed as a function of the glomerular filtrate) in fourteen patients with primary hypercalcaemic hyperparathyroidism and twelve control normal subjects. The hyperparathyroid patients gave a mean excretion of UcAMP (7·0 ± 45·68 nmol/100 ml GF; mean ± SEM), NcAMP (6·19 ± 0·64 nmol/100 ml GF) which were significantly greater (P < 0·001) than those of normal controls, (2′45 ± 0·15nmol/100 ml GF and 1·25 ± 0·12nmol/100 ml GF) respectively. The difference between the patients and controls for the maximum renal tubular reabsorptive capacity for phosphate (TmPO4/GFR) (patients 0·55 ± 0·04, controls 1·05 ± 0·05 mmol/l GFR) was also highly significant (P<0·001). Statistical evaluation of the results obtained from the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism revealed that there was a positive correlation between the level of plasma calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) (r=+0·46), NcAMP(r=+0·337), UcAMP (r=+0·36), and an inverse correlation with the TmPO4/GFR (r=−0·62). There was also a positive correlation between plasma immunoreactive PTH and NcAMP(r=+0·31), and UcAMP(r=+0·35), and an inverse correlation with the TmPO4/GFR (r=−0–39). Successful removal of a single parathyroid adenoma in six patients was associated with a highly significant fall in the excretion of UcAMP, NcAMP, and a rise in the TmPO4/GFR (P<0·005). The combination of a low TmPO4/GFR and a high excretion of UcAMP or NcAMP in the presence of hypercalcaemia is highly suggestive of primary hyperparathyroidism in the absence of clinical evidence of malignant disease.
THE EFFECT OF PROPRANOLOL WITHDRAWAL ON THYROID HORMONES IN NORMAL AND HYPERTHYROID SUBJECTS
Authors: ROSS P. J. , JONES M. K. , JOHN R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBlood thyroid hormone levels were measured during, and for 6 days after, treatment with propranolol (160 mg/day, 4–8 weeks) in five hyperthyroid patients and six normal volunteers. In hyperthyroid patients triiodothyronine (T3) and free triiodothyronine index (FT3I) rose to peak levels 60 h after propranolol withdrawal without significant change in thyroxine (T4) or Thyopac‐3 test. In normal subjects no significant change in thyroid hormone levels was seen during propranolol treatment or withdrawal. The rise in T3 and FT3I coincides with, and may contribute to, the rebound increase in adrenergic activity after propranolol withdrawal in hyperthyroidism.
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF METOCLOPRAMIDE ON ALDOSTERONE SECRETION
Authors: EDWARDS C. R. W. , AL‐DUJAILI E. A. S. , BOSCARO M. , QUYYUMI S. , MIALL P. A. , REES LESLEY H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMetoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist drug, elevated plasma aldosterone and prolactin levels without significantly affecting plasma renin activity, ACTH or potassium. Studies with isolated perfused rat zona glomerulosa cells showed that metoclopramide could directly stimulate aldosterone release and that this action was blocked by dopamine. These results suggest that dopamine may play an important inhibitory role in the control of aldosterone secretion.
GONADAL‐PITUITARY HORMONE LEVELS IN GYNAECOMASTIA
Authors: McFADYEN I. J. , BOLTON A. E. , CAMERON E. H. D. , HUNTER W. M. , RAAB G. , FORREST A. P. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma levels of LH, FSH, oestradiol 17β and testosterone were measured in twenty‐two men with gynaecomastia. The group was divided by age into those under and those over 50‐years‐old and the mean hormone levels of the two groups were compared with two groups of age‐matched normal men. In the young men with gynaecomastia LH and consequently the LH: FSH ratio was lower than in controls. Older patients with gynaecomastia had higher values of both LH and FSH than normal controls but the LH: FSH ratio was similar in the two groups. A pulsatile pattern of LH was present only in the young controls. Older controls had higher FSH levels than younger controls. In older men with gynaecomastia oestradiol levels and the oestradiol: testosterone ratio were higher than in those without.
LACK OF EFFECT OF SOMATOSTATIN ON THYROID GLAND FUNCTION IN GRAVES' DISEASE
Authors: SKARE S. , FREY H. M. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFive women with Graves' disease, 26–52 years of age, with serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) 4·8–9·2 nmol/l and thyroxine (T4) 200–320 nmol/l were studied. A 26 h infusion of cyclic somatostatin (Bachem), 6 mg in isotonic saline solution was administered. Radioactive iodine i.v. (125I or 131I) was given immediately after the start of this infusion. Serum T3, T4 and conversion rate (CR%= PBRI: total RI × 100) were determined four times during the infusion, then daily for a week. The same studies, related to an injection of radioiodine, were performed during a control week when no somatostatin was administered. Arginine‐stimulated insulin and growth hormone (hGH) concentrations were considerably lowered by the somatostatin infusion. No difference in serum T3, T4 or CR between the week that started with somatostatin infusion and the control week was observed. Twelve‐26 h after the somatostatin infusion started, all patients experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, which lasted 2–6 h after somatostatin withdrawal. Somatostatin in the dose given does not inhibit thyroid gland function in Graves' disease.
THE EFFECT OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE ON SERUM TESTOSTERONE, LH, FSH, AND PROLACTIN IN MALE SEXUAL OFFENDERS
Authors: JEFFCOATE W. J. , MATTHEWS R. W. , EDWARDS C. R. W. , FIELD L. H. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe anti‐androgen, cyproterone acetate, was administered in a dose of 100 mg/day to eight adult male sexual offenders for 21–31 days. Serum testosterone fell to subnormal levels within 7 days and remained low for 6–28 days after treatment was stopped. The fall in testosterone was accompanied by a fall in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and a rise in serum prolactin. All subjects experienced a decrease in libido and in frequency of masturbation. The probable mechanisms of action of cyproterone acetate are discussed, as is its potential role in the management of sexual offenders. These studies suggest that measurement of serum testosterone could be used as an index of compliance in sexual offenders treated with cyproterone acetate who are released on parole.
GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE α SUBUNIT SECRETION BY PITUITARY ADENOMAS: INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL IRRADIATION
Authors: MACFARLANE I. A. , BEARDWELL C. G. , SHALET S. M. , DARBYSHIRE P. J. , HAYWARD ELIZABETH , SUTTON M. L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn ninety‐nine patients with pituitary adenomas, forty‐six with acromegaly, the serum level of the glycoprotein hormone α subunit was elevated in eighteen cases. Thirteen of these were acromegalic and one had an FSH‐producing tumour. Alpha levels varied little during the day, from one day to the next and over a 6 month period. In twenty‐five patients with a variety of other hypothalamic‐pituitary disorders examined, one patient with a craniopharyngioma had a mildly elevated α level. External pituitary irradiation was followed by an acute and often transient fall in α level in several of these patients. Of the fifty‐four patients with pituitary adenomas who had received external irradiation before testing, only five had elevated α subunit levels compared with thirteen patients of the forty‐five who had not been irradiated. This difference in incidence of elevated α level was statistically significant (P < 0·025). We conclude that external irradiation may reduce a subunit level chronically in many patients with pituitary adenoma.
CSF AND PLASMA SOMATOSTATIN LEVELS IN ACROMEGALY
Authors: WASS J. A. H. , PENMAN ERICA , MEDBAK S. , REES LESLEY H. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels of somatostatin have been measured in patients with active acromegaly and the results compared to those obtained in patients with non‐endocrine diseases. Plasma levels have also been studied in acromegalics given oral glucose. The mean CSF somatostatin level in twenty patients without endocrine disease was 76 pg/ml (range 46–112) which did not diner significantly from that found in eight acromegalics (mean 87 pg/ml, range 48–160). Plasma somatostatin in twenty‐two acromegalic patients on no medical treatment was 43 pg/ml (range 9–113), not significantly different from values in a normal control population. There were no differences in the somatostatin levels of non‐diabetic acromegalics. After oral glucose, there was a rise in circulating somatostatin in eleven out of twelve acromegalic patients, and this rise did not differ from that seen in normal subjects. It is probable that altered somatostatin secretion is neither the cause nor the result of acromegaly; however it is possible that local changes in somatostatin concentration which are not reflected in peripheral plasma or CSF levels may occur near the site of its production.
HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA DURING PROLONGED LACTATION: EVIDENCE FOR ANOVULATORY CYCLES AND INADEQUATE CORPUS LUTEUM
Authors: DELVOYE P. , DELOGNE‐DESNOECK J. , ROBYN C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum progesterone and prolactin were measured in single blood samples collected from 176 mothers during a lactation period of 2 years and from fifty‐six non‐lactating, non‐pregnant and regularly menstruating women from the Kivu region (Zaire). On the basis of serum progesterone levels, evidence of corpus luteum activity was obtained in 61% of non‐lactating women; but only 20% of non‐amenorrhoeic lactating mothers. This suggests an increased incidence of anovulatory cycles and/or cycles with short luteal phases among nursing mothers. The incidence of corpus luteum activity was 8% in amenorrhoeic lactating mothers. In this 8% recurrence of ovulation preceded return of menstruation. Mean serum progesterone was significantly higher and serum prolactin significantly lower in the non‐lactating women than in the nursing mothers. This suggests that although ovulation occurs, corpus luteum activity is inadequate in hyperprolactinaemic nursing mothers.
NORMAL AND MALIGNANT BREAST TISSUE IS A TARGET ORGAN FOR 1, 25‐(OH)2 VITAMIN D3
Authors: EISMAN J. A. , MACINTYRE I. , MARTIN T. J. , FRAMPTON R. J. , KING R.J.B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMalignant and benign human breast tumours as well as rabbit breast tissue were examined for specific receptors for 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 using competitive binding studies and sucrose density gradient analysis. Classical high affinity, low capacity receptors for 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 were found in breast and node tissue in seven of ten patients with breast cancer and in all three patients with benign neoplasms. An inflammatory breast mass showed no binding. Similar receptors were found in breast tissue from pregnant and lactating rabbits. Taken with other recent data, these results suggest that 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 may activate calcium transport in the malignant as well as in the normal lactating breast.
LONG TERM SPIRONOLACTONE AND THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: LEWIS P. S. , GORCHEIN A. , JAMES VIVIAN H. T. , MAY C. N. , HORTH C. E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn view of recent evidence that spironolactone may inhibit synthesis of corticosteroids by a direct effect on the adrenal cortex, adrenocortical function was studied in eight patients with essential hypertension who had been treated with spironolactone from 3 months to 14 years. Their 24 h renal excretion of adrenocorticoid metabolites and the responses of cortisol, aldosterone and 18‐hydroxy‐1 l‐deoxycorticosterone (18‐OH‐DOC) to an incremental infusion of tetracosactrin (1–24 ACTH) were compared with those in eight patients with recently diagnosed essential hypertension who had received no spironolactone. The spironolactone‐treated group had a significantly higher excretion of aldosterone, whilst the excretion of other adrenocorticoid metabolites did not differ. The same group also required less tetracosactrin to stimulate a detectable rise of plasma cortisol and 18‐OH‐DOC, they had greater plasma 18‐OH‐DOC responses at all infusion rates and, at the lowest infusion rates, had greater aldosterone responses. These results indicate that long‐term spironolactone therapy does not inhibit adrenocortical function and may have some stimulatory effects.