bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive biology of the blackmouth catshark, Galeus melastomus (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) off the Languedocian coast (southern France, northern Mediterranean)
Authors: Capapé C. , Guélorget O. , Vergne Y. , Reynaud C. 
Published: March 2008

The blackmouth catshark, Galeus melastomus presents a wide Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution, and is commonly captured off the Languedocian coast (southern France, northern Mediterranean). The males and females sexually matured between 510–550 mm and 520–610 mm total length (TL), respectively. The largest male and the largest female were 620 mm and 640 mm TL, respectively. There was a significant relationship of total liver mass vs TL between males and females. The diameter of the largest yolky oocytes ranged from 15 to 18 mm (16.5 ± 2.7). Production of egg cases was observed throughout the year, except in September. Egg cases had between 36 and 50 mm (mean: 45.3 mm ± 3.9) in length without horns, and between 14 and 21 mm (18.2 mm ± 1.4) in width. Fecundity remained difficult to assess; an estimation based on production of egg cases enabled us to consider 93 egg cases per year as a maximum.
Diving activity of a solitary wild free ranging bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Díaz López Bruno , Shirai Julia Andrea Bernal , Prieto Alberto Bilbao , Fernández Paula Méndez 
Published: March 2008

Solitary wild bottlenose dolphins and man frequenting the same small areas makes boat interaction more or less inevitable. Here we provide the first quantified data about solitary bottlenose dolphin diving behaviour in the presence and absence of boats. Over 110 hours were spent observing a solitary bottlenose dolphin within a 6 km2 bay on the north-western coast of Spain from April to August 2005. A generalized linear mixed model explaining 77.3% of the variability of duration of dives indicated that the animal did not vary its diving activity in function of the presence of boats. However, the length of dives was related with the behavioural events prior to dive. Dolphin activity was characterized by mean dive intervals (mean = 62.6 seconds) related to a predominance of foraging behaviour. Because of the frequent presence of boats and the manner in which they moved, the dolphin may have become accustomed to their presence. The data reported here could be used to implement precautionary management proposals that take into account the potential effects of boat presence on bottlenose dolphins.
A Feasibility Study on a Regional Navigation Transceiver System
Authors: Park Byungwoon , Kim Doyoon , Lee Taikjin , Kee Changdon , Paik Boksoo , Lee Kihoon 
Published: March 2008

This paper proposes an airborne transceiver system as an alternative navigation system and a triangulation method using bidirectional range measurements as a method of transceiver position determination. We suggest several system arrays that can estimate each mobile transceiver position in real time. We found that our suggested alternative navigation system working in a 700 km×900 km region is feasible using only 10 transceivers at an altitude of 42 km, furthermore its performance can compete with that of Galileo's Open Service. This paper will contribute to the establishment of an alternative or backup navigation system with modest expenditure and a short development period, and which is independent of GPS.
The COLREGS and the Princess Alice
Authors: Kemp John 
Published: March 2008

There is currently considerable interest in the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea (the COLREGS). Suggestions for changes are made, but their validity is difficult to assess because there is little possibility of testing new proposals before they are introduced. There is, however, the possibility of considering the history of the COLREGS, and their effectiveness, as they have evolved over the years. In this paper, the author's aim is to look at the lessons that may be learned from one, particularly tragic, collision between the Princess Alice and the Bywell Castle in 1878. Opinions differ as to whether a study of history is likely to be a useful exercise.History is more or less bunk – Henry Ford (American Industrialist)The only way forwards is backwards – Boris Johnson (British Politician)
The ASHA Board of Ethics: An Update on Roles, Responsibilities, and Educational Resources
Authors: Diefendorf Allan O. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
This article reviews the purpose of the ASHA Board of Ethics as a supportive body whose primary charge is to assist in the professional development of ethical practice within and among the membership of ASHA. Although this body enforces the rules of conduct established by the code, one of its primary purposes is to review, revise, and disseminate changes or opinions of ASHA in response to issues as they arise in professional practice and research. As such, this article provides a list of current ASHA Issues in Ethics Statements, articles, and tabled summaries of the principles and rules of the current ASHA code used for filing complaints. This article suggests that ASHA members should view the ASHA Code of Ethics as a mindset instead of a rule book and the ASHA Board of Ethics as a resource for advisement and interpretation rather than the enforcer of the rules.
Training Methods With Clinicians and Students—A Personal Story and Change: Narrative Therapy for Stuttering
Authors: Leahy Margaret 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Educating students and informing clinicians regarding developments in therapy approaches and in evidence-based practice are important elements of the responsibility of specialist academic posts in universities. In this article, the development of narrative therapy and its theoretical background are outlined (preceded by a general outline of how the topic of fluency disorders is introduced to students at an Irish university). An example of implementing narrative therapy with a 12-year-old boy is presented. The brief case description demonstrates how narrative therapy facilitated this 12-year-old make sense of his dysfluency and his phonological disorder, leading to his improved understanding and management of the problems, fostering a sense of control that led ultimately to their resolution.
Dysphagia: Legal and Ethical Issues in Caring for Persons at the End of Life
Authors: Wagner Lynne C. Brady 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Speech-language pathologists (SLP) who treat patients with dysphagia may at some point work with persons who are dying. The purpose of this article is to provide a legal and ethical framework for the participation of the SLP in the care of persons at the end of life. The skills of the SLP can be critical to enhancing the dying experience of patients by preparing them to deal with symptoms of dysphagia and by maintaining or facilitating their communication abilities to meet functional needs in the final stages of life.
Activation of Na+/H+ exchanger is associated with hyperinsulinemia in borderline hypertensive rats
Authors: Masai M. , Fujioka Y. , Fujiwara M. , Morimoto S. , Miyoshi A. , Suzuki H. , Iwasaki T. 
Published: March 2008

Activation of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) is known to be related to elevated blood pressure in hyperinsulinemia. To test whether there is the change in NHE activity in insulin resistance, we measured NHE activity of platelets in fructose‐induced hyperinsulinemia in Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKY), in borderline hypertensive rats (BHR), and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).All rats were fed a 60% fructose diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured with a pH‐sensitive fluorescent dye 2′7′‐bis (2‐carboxyethyl)‐5‐carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester. NHE activity was evaluated by the recovery of pHi following addition of sodium propionate (Vmax). Measurement of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) was performed using fura2/acetoxymethylester.Systolic blood pressure in fructose diet BHR elevated significantly greater than that in control diet BHR with the increase of both [Ca2+]i and Vmax. In WKY, there was no significant increase in systolic blood pressure and [Ca2+]i except Vmax in a fructose diet. Vmax in control diet SHR was greater than in control diet WKY and BHR, and we found no additional increase in Vmax with a fructose diet in SHR. In BHR, a high salt diet increased systolic blood pressure and Vmax to a similar degree as a fructose diet or a high salt combined with a fructose diet. Plasma insulin concentration correlated positively with Vmax in WKY and BHR, but not SHR.A fructose diet induces hyperinsulinemia and elevates blood pressure in BHR. Hyperinsulinemia appears to activate NHE in a different manner in SHR, and might be associated with an elevation in blood pressure in BHR.
Percutaneous microductectomy with a directional vacuum-assisted system guided by ultrasonography for the treatment of breast discharge: experience in 63 cases
Authors: Torres-Tabanera M. , Alonso-Bartolomé P. , Vega-Bolivar A. , Sánchez-Gómez S. M. , Lag-Asturiano E. , Sainz-Miranda M. , Garijo-Ayensa F. 
Published: March 2008

Background: Vacuum-assisted devices are becoming a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of breast pathology. Recent publications show good results in percutaneous removal of benign lesions. Purpose: To discuss our experience in percutaneous excision of ductal lesions with a vacuum-assisted, ultrasound-guided directional system. Material and Methods: From January 2003 to July 2006, 63 patients with pathological nipple discharge and intraductal lesion identifiable on imaging were studied at two reference centers. Percutaneous excision with a vacuum-assisted device was offered as an alternative to surgery. Results: A total of 71 lesions were diagnosed in 63 patients with a mean age of 52 years. All the patients presented nipple discharge. Mammography was normal in 65 cases (92%). Galactography showed an intraductal lesion in 67 cases (94%). Mean lesion size on ultrasonography was 7.4 mm (2–26 mm). Percutaneous excision was performed in 45 lesions (63%), while surgical excision was indicated in 26 lesions. The histopathological results in the 45 lesions biopsied demonstrated intraductal papilloma in 30 cases, dilated duct with papillomatous projections in 11, ductal ectasia with no papillary lesion in three, and a nonspecific benign result in one. Excision was considered complete in 41 lesions (91%). Clinical signs of discharge were resolved in 39 patients (95% of cases treated percutaneously). Mild complications occurred in four cases. Conclusion: Percutaneous excision of ductal lesions with an ultrasound-guided, vacuum-assisted device is a safe procedure with high diagnostic and therapeutic value for the management of breast discharge.
Visual scoring of atherosclerosis in chest computed tomography: findings among male construction workers
Authors: Hiltunen A. , Kivisaari L. , Leino-Arjas P. , Vehmas T. 
Published: March 2008

Background: Standard chest computed tomography (CT) examinations may contain valuable and underused information on atherosclerosis. Purpose: To study the retrospective scoring of chest atherosclerosis in CT studies performed for reasons other than cardiovascular. Material and Methods: Unenhanced CT images originally used for lung cancer screening of 505 male construction workers were retrospectively analyzed for chest atherosclerotic calcifications (coronary, aortic, and precervical artery origins). Findings were compared between those with a prediagnosed cardiovascular disease or diabetes ( n = 180) and disease-free subjects ( n = 325). Results: Arterial calcifications (all) occurred among 96.6% of the subjects and coronary calcifications among 91.7%. The average total calcium score of the diseased subjects was 8.34 vs. 5.13 in the disease-free group ( P<0.001). All calcification scores increased with age. In multivariable analyses, systolic blood pressure, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and smoking were generally associated with high scores, while high stature and high diastolic blood pressure were mainly associated with low scores. Nonsignificant positive associations between asbestos exposure and coronary calcifications were found. Conclusion: Our scoring method agreed well with preknown cardiovascular risk factors, indicating the method's usability. Chest CT examinations contain valuable information concerning atherosclerosis. This can be used epidemiologically or to reveal occult atherosclerotic disease.
Carbohydrate feeding during exercise
Authors: Jeukendrup Asker E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCarbohydrate ingestion can improve endurance capacity and performance. Since the 1980s, research has focused on optimizing the delivery strategies of these carbohydrates. The optimal dose of carbohydrate is still subject to debate, but recent evidence suggests that there may be a dose–response effect as long as the carbohydrate ingested is also oxidized and does not result in gastrointestinal distress. Oxidation rates of a single type of carbohydrate do not exceed 60 g·h−1. However, when multiple transportable carbohydrates are ingested (i.e. glucose and fructose), these oxidation rates can be increased significantly (up to 105 g·h−1). To achieve these high oxidation rates, carbohydrate needs to be ingested at high rates and this has often been associated with poor fluid delivery as well as gastrointestinal distress. However, it has been suggested that using multiple transportable carbohydrates may enhance fluid delivery compared with a single carbohydrate and may cause relatively little gastrointestinal distress. More research is needed to investigate the practical applications of some of the recent findings discussed in this review.
Optimizing training adaptations by manipulating glycogen
Authors: Baar Keith , McGee Sean 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFor decades, glycogen has been recognized as a storage form of glucose within the liver and muscles. Only recently has a greater role for glycogen as a regulator of metabolic signalling been suggested. Glycogen either directly or indirectly regulates a number of signalling proteins, including the adenosine‐5′‐phosphate‐ (AMP‐) activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). AMPK and p38 MAPK play a significant role in controlling the expression and activity of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivators (PGCs), respectively. The PGCs can directly increase muscle mitochondrial mass and endurance exercise performance. As low muscle glycogen is generally associated with greater activation of these pathways, the concept of training with low glycogen to maximize the physiological adaptations to endurance exercise is gaining acceptance in the scientific community. In this review, we evaluate the scientific basis for this philosophy and propose some practical applications of this philosophy for the general population as well as elite endurance athletes.
A SYSTEM FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF INTEGRATED CONCENTRATIONS OF HORMONES IN THE BLOOD
Authors: DAGGETT PETER 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe study of integrated concentrations of hormones in the blood can be used to assess accurately the activity of endocrine diseases. A system for making such measurements is described, based on a new pump and double lumen catheter. The properties of this system are discussed and previous systems from the literature are reviewed.
EFFECT OF A LARGE DOSE OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR ON PITUITARY AND THYROID FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSONISM
Authors: NISULA BRUCE C. , GLAUBIGER GEORGE A. , LOUVET JEAN‐PIERRE , CHASE N. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF) was given intravenously in doses of 0.5 mg and 20 mg to six patients with Parkinsonism treated with l‐dopa. Plasma thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured before and after TRF infusion. The observation that FSH and LH did not change in response to either dose of TRF confirmed specificity of the effects of TRF for certain anterior pituitary functions. The plasma TSH and prolactin levels achieved after 20 mg TRF were considerably greater and were maintained longer than those after 0.5 mgTRF. However, despite a seven fold increase in the overall TSH response, the T4 and T3 responses to 20 mg TRF were not significantly greater than those to 0.5 mg TRF. The explanation for this discrepancy between immunoreactive TSH levels and apparent biologic effect is unclear.
SUPPRESSION OF PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE LEVELS WITH GLUCOSE INFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY
Authors: NAKAGAWA KOJI , OBARA TAKAO 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIntravenous glucose infusion which increased blood glucose levels over 27.8 mmol/1 suppressed plasma GH levels by 41–74% in five acromegalic patients with basal concentrations of less than 20 mu/1, but not in six patients with basal levels over 80 mu/1. Oral 100 g glucose loading had little suppressing effect in both groups. These results appear to indicate that the suppressibility with hyperglycaemia is partially retained or restored in some, if not all, patients of acromegaly with lower GH secreting activity.
The strategic dimension of transactional information systems: some organizational implications
Authors: Andreu R , Ricart JE , Valor J 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Often information systems (IS) are classified in three groups: (a) transactional, used mainly for co‐ordination and resource allocation purposes at the operational level of a company; (b) tactical, often employed to support the resource procurement activities typical of middle management; and (c) information systems for strategic decision making, designed to help in the planning and strategy design processes which are the direct responsibility of top management. In general, the amount of care and management attention that companies give to these different types of systems is proportional to their position in this hierarchy: little attention is devoted to the mundane transaction‐pushing systems and exquisite care is put into developing the sophisticated decision making aid for the CEO and his/her staff.The IS/IT literature has been reporting quite commonly cases in which companies have attained or lost great competitive advantages by way of their transactional information systems [for example, Emery Worldwide, Baxter Healthcare ASAP system, and Frontier Airlines]. The aim of this paper is to identify actions that companies can take to realize potential benefits of their IS, in particular from their low‐level, transactional IS.Among other actions, we will conclude that companies would be better off if they: (a) have the IS department at the right place in the organization, staffed with people knowledgeable about the basic nature of the business in which the company is engaged; (b) are sensible to what can be called ‘strategic maintenance’ of systems, (c) set up a formal procedure for IS planning to ensure coherence between IS plans and business plans, derived, in turn, from business strategy, and (d) keep abreast of the relevant technology.Several examples taken from European companies are used to illustrate these conclusions.
Hybrid managers — what do we know about them?
Authors: Earls MJ , Skyrme DJ 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. There is increasing interest in ‘hybrid managers’, a breed of managers who blend information management skills with general management skills. Such people are perceived as important in enabling organizations to exploit information systems effectively in today's competitive business environment.Based on a literature survey this paper summarizes what we know about hybrid managers, as expressed by both ‘expert opinion’ and formal research studies. We conclude that little substantive research has been conducted into hybrid managers. Much has still to be learnt about their possible role, characteristics and competences; and how organizations should recruit and develop them. Because of the paucity of published material about ‘hybrids’ in the information systems context, we have drawn inferences from appropriate analogues in other functions — namely personnel, finance and R&D. Relevant studies in related areas of information systems, general management, careers and management development are also put into the ‘hybrid’ context.
Mental models, cognitive dissonance and executive information systems' effectiveness
Authors: Ramaprasad A. , Hill M. E. , Salach D. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Recently there has been interest in the interaction between executives' mental models and executive information systems (EIS). As stated by Rockart & De Long (1988), ‘the most significant effect of computer support for executives may be in the enhanced mental models of the systems’ users' (p. 130).It is proposed that each interaction between the EIS and the executive will induce cognitive dissonance in the executive. The effect of the dissonance on the mental models will depend upon (a) whether the executive is in an exploratory mode or confirmatory mode and (b) whether the dissonance is below, within or above the threshold range.Cognitive dissonance serves to instil an opportunity for the creation, confirmation, expansion or reconstruction of one's mental model (s). This increases the likelihood of the executive's effectiveness being enhanced by the EIS and thus would enable better decision making. On the other hand, it can also lead to the rejection of the EIS depending on the mode (exploratory or confirmatory) of the executives and the level of their conviction in their mental models.An understanding of the cognitive dissonance threshold ranges of executives under different modes of operation is important to prevent rejection of the EIS at one extreme and unquestioning acceptance at the other extreme. Continuous learning engendered by cognitive dissonance within the threshold range, whether in the exploratory mode or the confirmatory mode, is essential tor sustaining the symbiotic relationship between the executive and the EIS. Controlling the level of dissonance within certain range limits would allow opportunities for the creation, confirmation, expansion or reconstruction of mental models and thus, through enhanced mental models, enable better decision making by the executive. This better decision making results in increased effectiveness.