bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of dexamethasone, high‐dose cytarabine, and carboplatin is effective for advanced large‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma of childhood
Authors: Sandlund John T. , Santana Victor M. , Hudson Melissa M. , Onciu Mihaela , Head David , Murry Daryl J. , Ribeiro Raul , Wallace Dana , Rencher Renee , Pui Ching‐Hon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of dexamethasone, high‐dose cytarabine, and carboplatin (DAC) combination therapy in children with newly diagnosed large‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and to estimate the event‐free and overall survival rates achieved when DAC is incorporated into a conventional regimen.METHODS.From 1991 to 1997, 20 boys and 5 girls aged 4.2 to 17.7 years who had stage III (according to the St. Jude staging system) (n = 21) or stage IV (n = 4) large‐cell NHL were treated in this study. DAC therapy was administered at the beginning of the induction phase in 2 sequential cycles and incorporated throughout a continuation phase (modified from the ACOP+ regimen, which features doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dexamethasone. The total duration of treatment was approximately 10 months.RESULTS.DAC therapy yielded a response in 22 of 25 patients (88%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 68%‐97%): complete remission in 13 cases (52%), and partial response in 9 (36%). After additional treatment with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dexamethasone, complete remission was attained in 18 patients (72%) and partial remission in 3 (12%). The event‐free survival rate (± the standard error [SE]) was 64% ± 9% and the overall survival rate was 80% ± 8% at 5 years.CONCLUSIONS.The results of the current study indicate that the DAC regimen is well tolerated and effective for pediatric patients with large‐cell NHL. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and MDM2 SNP309 with clinical outcome of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Han Ji‐Youn , Lee Geon Kook , Jang Dae Ho , Lee Sung Young , Lee Jin Soo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of the study was to investigate whether polymorphisms of p53 codon 72 (Arg72Pro) and MDM2 SNP309 (309T>G) affect p53 expression and the clinical outcome of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS.A total of 148 NSCLC patients, previously enrolled in 2 different prospective clinical trials, were genotyped for the p53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 309T>G polymorphisms. Immunohistochemical staining of p53 protein was performed on 61 tumor samples. Genotypes were correlated with p53 expression, clinicopathologic factors, tumor response, and survival. Multivariate logistic or Cox regression analyses were used to adjust for possible confounding variables.RESULTS.The distribution of sex, age, performance status, stage, tumor histology, and smoking habit was not significantly different among polymorphism variants. However, a significant association was observed between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and primary resistance to chemotherapy. Patients with the Pro/Pro variant were more likely to be resistant to first‐line chemotherapy, especially the irinotecan plus cisplatin regimen, than those with Arg/Arg or Arg/Pro variants (60% vs 27%, P = .014). In multivariate analysis, the Pro/Pro genotype was strongly predictive for shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.952, P = .01). The p53 overexpression was associated with MDM2 SNP309. The TT genotype showed more p53 overexpression than TG or GG genotypes (P = .036). In multivariate analysis, the MDM2 TT genotype was independently predictive for longer survival (HR = 1.742, P = .032).CONCLUSIONS.The p53 72Pro/Pro variant was predictive for primary resistance to chemotherapy and shorter progression‐free survival. The MDM2 SNP309 was associated with less p53 overexpression and prognostic for worse survival. Genotyping these polymorphisms may be useful for predicting the clinical outcome of advanced NSCLC. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma: The role of consolidation treatment after a complete response to high‐dose methotrexate‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Ekenel Meltem , Iwamoto Fabio M. , Ben‐Porat Leah S. , Panageas Katherine S. , Yahalom Joachim , DeAngelis Lisa M. , Abrey Lauren E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The most effective treatment for a new diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma is high‐dose methotrexate (MTX)‐based chemotherapy followed by whole‐brain radiation therapy (WBRT). However, this combined modality treatment carries an increased risk of delayed neurotoxicity. For patients who achieve a complete response (CR) after induction that uses high‐dose MTX‐based chemotherapy, it is not clear if consolidation treatment is necessary. Therefore, a retrospective study was conducted to assess the impact of consolidation treatment after a CR to initial induction chemotherapy on disease control and survival.METHODS.The authors retrospectively analyzed 122 patients who achieved a CR after initial MTX‐based chemotherapy. The benefit of consolidation WBRT, high‐dose cytarabine (HDAC), or both on failure‐free (FFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed.RESULTS.With a median follow‐up of 60 months, FFS was longer in patients who received WBRT plus HDAC as consolidation treatment (P = .03 by univariate analysis); there was no difference in OS observed among patients who received no consolidation treatment, HDAC alone, WBRT plus HDAC, or WBRT alone. Age and Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) were the only independent prognostic factors. Patients who received WBRT alone or in combination with HDAC had higher rates of neurotoxicity.CONCLUSIONS.Consolidation treatment with WBRT, HDAC, or both does not appear to improve survival in patients who achieved a CR with induction MTX‐based therapy. Age, KPS, and risk of delayed neurotoxicity must be considered in the choice of consolidation regimens. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Clinical and therapeutic implications of the mutational status of IgVH in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Chavez Julio C. , Khorfan Khadija A. , Pinilla‐Ibarz Javier 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe past 2 decades have brought major advances to clinicians' understanding of the complexities of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Novel biologic and genetic markers are providing tools for more accurate prediction of responses, disease progression, and survival of patients across different stages of CLL. Several multivariate analyses have confirmed unmutated IgVH to be an independent adverse prognostic marker in patients with CLL. The presence of unmutated IgVH is strongly associated with poor‐risk genomic aberrations and overexpression of CD38 and ZAP‐70. Nevertheless, these associations are not absolute. The design of future clinical trials are already incorporating novel prognostic markers such as IgVH, among others, as part of risk‐adapted strategies aimed at improving treatment outcomes by tailoring the aggressiveness of the therapy proportional to disease risk. Such a strategy could minimize unnecessary chemotoxicity in patients with favorable prognosis CLL, while reserving more aggressive therapy, including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, for patients with poor‐risk features. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Clinical relevance of mutations in the Wilms tumor suppressor 1 gene WT1 and the cadherin‐associated protein β1 gene CTNNB1 for patients with Wilms tumors
Authors: Royer‐Pokora Brigitte , Weirich Angela , Schumacher Valerie , Uschkereit Constanze , Beier Manfred , Leuschner Ivo , Graf Norbert , Autschbach Frank , Schneider Dominique , von Harrach Melissa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Mutations in the Wilms tumor (WT) suppressor 1 gene (WT1) and the cadherin‐associated protein β1 gene (CTNNB1) are found predominantly in stromal type WT, defining a genetic subgroup. The clinical relevance of these mutations remains to be determined.METHODS.A long‐term follow‐up study was performed for 71 patients (International Society of Pediatric Oncology Study 9/Society for Pediatric Oncology; n = 77 tumors) with known molecular genetic status. Eight patients had bilateral disease, including 2 patients with a WT in both kidneys and 5 patients with a WT in 1 kidney and nephrogenic rests (NRs) in the other kidney. The response to preoperative chemotherapy, relapses, metastases, metachronous tumor development, and deaths were evaluated with a median follow‐up of 12 years and 4 months.RESULTS.Nineteen patients (n = 24 tumors) had WT1 mutations, and 16 were constitutional mutations. Three patients with germline mutations had second tumor events: Two patients developed a WT in the kidney with NRs 3 years and 11 years after the first tumor; and 1 patient developed second tumors after 2 years, 1 in the kidney with a previous WT and 1 in the kidney with a previous NR. Eighteen of the WT1 mutant tumors were analyzed for CTNNB1 mutations, and all had mutations. A poor volumetric response (progression and <50% reduction) was observed in all patients who had tumors with a WT1 mutation and in 23 of 52 nonmutant tumors.CONCLUSIONS.Patients with WT1 germline mutations had an increased risk for bilateral disease and second tumor events. Therefore, the authors concluded that tumor surveillance until adulthood should be considered. Although tumors with both WT1 and CTNNB1 mutations had a poor volumetric response, there was no significant difference in overall survival in this cohort of patients with and without WT1 mutations. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Radioembolization with selective internal radiation microspheres for neuroendocrine liver metastases
Authors: King Julie , Quinn Richard , Glenn Derek M. , Janssen Julia , Tong Denise , Liaw Winston , Morris David L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.There are limited effective treatment options available and a poor 5‐year survival for patients with inoperable neuroendocrine liver metastases (NETLMs). In this study, the authors prospectively assessed the safety and efficacy of treatment with yttrium 90 (90Y) radioactive microspheres for patients with unresectable NETLMs.METHODS.Radioactive 90Y resin microspheres (selective internal radiation [SIR‐Spheres]) were administered through a temporarily placed percutaneous hepatic artery catheter concomitantly with a 7‐day systemic infusion of 5‐fluorouracil to patients with progressive, unresectable NETLMs. Patients were monitored prospectively, and the response to treatment was measured by using cancer markers and tumor size on computed tomography imaging studies.RESULTS.Thirty‐four patients (22 men) with a mean age 61 years (range, 32‐79 years) who had unresectable NETLMs were treated between December 2003 and December 2005. The mean (±standard error) follow‐up was 35.2 ± 3.2 months. The site of the primary neuroendocrine tumor was the bronchus in 1 patient, the medullary thyroid in 2 patients, gastrointestinal in 15 patients, the pancreas in 8 patients, and of unknown origin in 8 patients. The tumors were classified as vipoma (1 tumor), somatostatinoma (1 tumor), glucagonoma (2 tumors), large cell (3 tumors), carcinoid (25 tumors), and of unknown origin (2 tumors). Complications after 90Y radioembolization included abdominal pain, which was mild to severe; nausea and fever; and lethargy that lasted from 1 week to 1 month. Two patients developed biopsy‐proven radiation gastritis, 1 patient developed a duodenal ulcer, and there was 1 early death from liver dysfunction and pneumonia. Subjective changes from recorded baseline hormone symptoms were reported every 3 months. Symptomatic responses were observed in 18 of 33 patients (55%) at 3 months and in 16 of 32 patients (50%) at 6 months. Radiologic liver responses were observed in 50% of patients and included 6 (18%) complete responses and 11 (32%) partial responses, and the mean overall survival was 29.4 ± 3.4 months). In patients who had evaluable chromogranin A (CgA) marker levels, there was a fall in CgA marker levels after 90Y radioembolization in 19 patients (26%) at 1 month, in 19 patients (41%) at 3 months, in 15 patients (43%) at 6 months, in 11 patients (42%) at 12 months, in 8 patients (38%) at 24 months, and in 3 patients (46%) at 30 months.CONCLUSIONS.In this open study of 34 patients, the results demonstrated that radioembolization with 90Y resin microspheres can achieve relatively long‐term responses in some patients with nonresectable NETLMs. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Proposal for a new risk model in myelodysplastic syndrome that accounts for events not considered in the original International Prognostic Scoring System
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , O'Brien Susan , Ravandi Farhad , Cortes Jorge , Shan Jianqin , Bennett John M. , List Alan , Fenaux Pierre , Sanz Guillermo , Issa Jean‐Pierre , Freireich Emil J. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Recent studies have highlighted issues with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) model in relation to the exclusion of many subgroups that now represent a large proportion of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (eg, secondary MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia [CMML] with leukocytosis, prior therapy) and its lack of applicability to most patients on investigational programs, because many would have received prior therapies and would have had MDS for a significant length of time.METHODS.The authors analyzed 1915 patients with MDS who were referred from 1993 to 2005 (including those with CMML, secondary MDS, and MDS with prior therapy). Only 507 patients (26%) had primary MDS without prior therapy (ie, classifiable by the IPSS). Patients were divided randomly into a study group (n = 958) and a test group (n = 957).RESULTS.A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in the study group identified the following adverse, independent factors as continuous and categoric values (P<.001): poor performance, older age, thrombocytopenia, anemia, increased bone marrow blasts, leukocytosis, chromosome 7 or complex (≥3) abnormalities, and prior transfusions. Cutoffs for anemia, thrombocytopenia and blasts, and cytogenetic subsets were different according to the IPSS. The new MDS prognostic model divided patients into 4 prognostic groups with significantly different outcomes. The model was validated in the test group. Applying the prognostic score of the new model within the 4 IPSS risk groups, overall, and in patients who had primary MDS without prior therapy was found to be highly prognostic in each subset. Applying the IPSS within each of the 4 risk groups of the new MDS model was not found to be prognostic.CONCLUSIONS.The new model accounts for duration of MDS and prior therapy. It is applicable to any patient with MDS at any time during the course of MDS. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Addressing volumetric locking and instabilities by selective integration in smoothed finite elements
Authors: Hung Nguyen‐Xuan , Bordas Stéphane Pierre Alain , Hung Nguyen‐Dang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper promotes the development of a novel family of finite elements with smoothed strains, offering remarkable properties. In the smoothed finite element method (FEM), elements are divided into subcells. The strain at a point is defined as a weighted average of the standard strain field over a representative domain.This yields superconvergent stresses, both in regular and singular settings, as well as increased accuracy, with slightly lower computational cost than the standard FEM.The one‐subcell version that does not exhibit volumetric locking yields more accurate stresses but less accurate displacements and is equivalent to a quasi‐equilibrium FEM. It is also subject to instabilities. In the limit where the number of subcells goes to infinity, the standard FEM is recovered, which yields more accurate displacements and less accurate stresses.The specific contribution of this paper is to show that expressing the volumetric part of the strain field using a one‐subcell formulation is sufficient to get rid of volumetric locking and increase the displacement accuracy compared with the standard FEM when the single subcell version is used to express both the volumetric and deviatoric parts of the strain. Selective integration also alleviates instabilities associated with the single subcell element, which are due to rank deficiency.Numerical examples on various compressible and incompressible linear elastic test cases show that high accuracy is retained compared with the standard FEM without increasing computational cost. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient generation of multi‐scale random fields: A hierarchical approach
Authors: Borges M. R. , Pereira F. , Amaral Souto H. P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces a new methodology to generate numerically multi‐scale random fields. The generation of numerical samples of random fields plays an important role in Monte Carlo simulation methods. We are concerned with porous media flow studies where random field generators are used widely as a tool to model rock heterogeneities for applications in hydrocarbon recovery and groundwater flow.Reservoir rock properties such as permeability and porosity vary in space and may be characterized by their distributions. As the true distribution of these properties is unknown, we assume that they can be approximated by Gaussian (or transforms of Gaussian) random fields. In particular, we focus on correlated random fields with a power‐law covariance structure.Our new method for the numerical generation of random fields uses a hierarchy of independent Gaussian variables defined on multiple length scales and is based on a theoretical construction of random fields described in Glimm and Sharp (J. Stat. Phys. 1991; 62(1–2):415–424). Numerical results are presented to show that the proposed method is accurate and numerically efficient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The moment‐of‐fluid method in action
Authors: Ahn Hyung Taek , Shashkov Mikhail , Christon Mark A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe moment‐of‐fluid (MOF) method is a new volume‐tracking method that accurately treats evolving material interfaces. The MOF method uses moment data, namely the material volume fraction, as well as the centroid, for a more accurate representation of the material configuration, interfaces and concomitant volume advection. In contrast, the volume‐of‐fluid method uses only volume fraction data for interface reconstruction and advection. Based on the moment data for each material, the material interfaces are reconstructed with second‐order spatial accuracy in a strictly conservative manner. The MOF method is coupled with a stabilized finite element incompressible Navier–Stokes solver for two materials. The effectiveness of the MOF method is demonstrated with a free‐surface dam‐break and a two‐material Rayleigh–Taylor problem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of adiabatic shear bands in heat‐conducting elastothermoviscoplastic materials by the meshless local Bubnov–Galerkin method
Authors: Batra R. C. , Spinello D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTransient finite coupled thermomechanical simple shearing deformations of a block made of an elastothermoviscoplastic material that exhibits strain and strain‐rate hardening, and thermal softening are studied by using the meshless local Bubnov–Galerkin method. A local nonlinear weak formulation and a semidiscrete formulation of the problem are derived. The prescribed velocity at the top and the bottom surfaces of the block is enforced by using a set of Lagrange multipliers. A homogeneous solution of the problem is perturbed by superimposing on it a temperature bump at the center of the block, and the resulting nonlinear initial‐boundary‐value problem is solved numerically. We have developed an integration scheme to numerically integrate the set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations.The inhomogeneous deformations of the block are found to concentrate in a narrow region of intense plastic deformation usually called a shear band. For a material exhibiting enhanced thermal softening, it is shown that as the shear stress within the region of localization collapses, an unloading elastic shear wave emanates outward from the edges of the shear band. In the absence of an analytical solution, the computed results have been compared with those obtained by the finite element and the modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved multistep method with non‐linear corrections
Authors: Boroni G. , Lotito P. , Clausse A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new semi‐implicit class of multistep methods for stiff ordinary differential equations is presented. The general method is based on the application of estimation functions not only for the derivatives but also for the state variables. This permits the transformation of the original system in a purely algebraic system using the solutions of previous steps. The novelty introduced is a non‐linear correction for the estimation‐function coefficients, which is deduced from a combined analysis of stability and convergence order. That is, the estimation‐function coefficients are recalculated in each time step. The convergence order of the resulting scheme is better than the equivalent linear multistep methods, while preserving A‐stability. Numerical experiments are presented comparing the new method with backward differentiation formula. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upper bounds on the coarsening rate of discrete, ill‐posed nonlinear diffusion equations
Authors: Esedoḡlu Selim , Greer John B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe prove a weak upper bound on the coarsening rate of the discrete‐in‐space version of an ill‐posed, nonlinear diffusion equation. The continuum version of the equation violates parabolicity and lacks a complete well‐posedness theory. In particular, numerical simulations indicate very sensitive dependence on initial data. Nevertheless, models based on its discrete‐in‐space version, which we study, are widely used in a number of applications, including population dynamics (chemotactic movement of bacteria), granular flow (formation of shear bands), and computer vision (image denoising and segmentation). Our bounds have implications for all three applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A throughput maximization strategy for scheduling transaction‐intensive workflows on SwinDeW‐G
Authors: Liu Ke , Chen Jinjun , Yang Yun , Jin Hai 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWith the rapid development of e‐business, workflow systems now have to deal with transaction‐intensive workflows whose main characteristic is the huge number of concurrent workflow instances. For such workflows, it is important to maximize the overall throughput to provide good quality of service. However, most of the existing scheduling algorithms are designed for scheduling of a single complex scientific workflow instance and are not efficient enough for scheduling transaction‐intensive workflows. To address this problem, we propose a throughput maximization strategy (TMS), which contains two specific algorithms for scheduling transaction‐intensive workflows at the instance and task levels, respectively. The first algorithm called Opposite Average Load tries to maximize the overall throughput by pursuing the overall load balance at the instance level, whereas the second algorithm called Extended Min–Min tries to further maximize the overall throughput at the task level by increasing the utilization rate of resources within each local autonomous group. The comparison and simulation performed on Swinburne Decentralized Workflow for Grid (SwinDeW‐G), a peer‐to‐peer‐based grid workflow environment, demonstrate that our strategy can improve the overall throughput significantly over existing scheduling algorithms when scheduling transaction‐intensive workflows. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.