bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat rhizosphere dynamics of Trichoderma gamsii A5MH and suppression of a Pythium root rot-Fusarium crown rot disease complex over two consecutive cropping seasons
Authors: Stummer Belinda E , Zhang Xinjian , Moghaddam Minoo J , Yang Hetong , Harvey Paul R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Determine the wheat rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma gamsii strain A5MH and in planta suppression of the Pythium root and Fusarium crown rot pathogens Globisporangium irregulare and Fusarium pseudograminearum.

Methods and results
Wheat was continuously cropped (eight years) at a minimum tillage, low growing season rainfall (GSR ≤ 170 mm) site shown as highly conducive to Pythium root and Fusarium crown rots. Root isolation frequency (RIF) and qPCR were used to determine the rhizosphere dynamics of strain A5MH and the target pathogens at tillering, grain harvest, and in postharvest stubble over the final 2 years. Strain A5MH actively colonized the wheat rhizosphere throughout both growing seasons, had high root abundance at harvest [log 4.5 genome copies (GC) g−1] and persisted in standing stubble for at least 293-d postinoculation. Globisporangium irregulare was most abundant in roots at tillering, whereas F. pseudograminearum was only abundant at harvest and up to 9-fold greater in the drier, second year (GSR 105 mm). Strain A5MH decreased RIF of both pathogens by up to 40%, root abundance of G. irregulare by 100-fold, and F. pseudogaminearum by 700-fold, but was ineffective against crown rot in the second year when pathogen abundance was &gt;log 6.0 GC g−1 root. Strain A5MH increased crop emergence and tillering biomass by up to 40%.

Conclusions
Further trials are required to determine if the A5MH-induced pathogen suppression translates to yield improvements in higher rainfall regions where non-cereal rotations reduce crown rot inoculum.
An Efficient Electron Ptychography Method for Retrieving the Object Spectrum from Only a Few Iterations
Authors: Li Zhongbo , Biskupek Johannes , Linck Martin , Rose Harald , Kükelhan Pirmin , Müller Heiko , Kaiser Ute 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present an efficient approach for electron ptychography based on a mathematical relationship that differs from that underlying the established algorithms of the ptychography iterative engine or the noniterative algorithms like the Wigner-distribution-deconvolution or the single-side-band method. Three variables are handled in this method—the transfer function of the objective lens, the object spectrum, and the diffraction wave whose phase is unknown. In the case of an aberration-corrected electron microscope, one is able to obtain a well-estimated transfer function of the lens. After reducing the number of three variables down to two, we construct an iterative loop between the object spectrum and the diffraction wave, which retrieves the object spectrum within a small number of iterations. We tested this object spectrum retrieval method on both a calculated and an experimental 4D-STEM datasets. By applying this method, we explore the influence of sampling, dose, and the size of illumination aperture on the reconstructed phase images.
Evolution and distribution of superbubbles in simulated Milky Way-like galaxies
Authors: Li Chengzhe , Li Hui , Cui Wei , Marinacci Federico , Sales Laura V , Vogelsberger Mark , Torrey Paul 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Stellar feedback plays a crucial role in regulating baryon cycles of a galactic ecosystem, and may manifest itself in the formation of superbubbles in the interstellar medium. In this work, we used a set of high-resolution simulations to systematically study the properties and evolution of superbubbles in galactic environments. The simulations were based on the SMUGGLE galaxy formation framework using the hydrodynamical moving-mesh code arepo, reaching a spatial resolution of $\sim 4 \, \rm pc$ and mass resolution of $\sim 10^3 \, \rm M_{\odot }$. We identified superbubbles and tracked their time evolution using the parent stellar associations within the bubbles. The X-ray luminosity-size distribution of superbubbles in the fiducial run is largely consistent with the observations of nearby galaxies. The size of superbubbles shows a double-peaked distribution, with the peaks attributed to early feedback (radiative and stellar wind feedback) and supernova feedback. The early feedback tends to suppress the subsequent supernova feedback, and it is strongly influenced by star formation efficiency, which regulates the environmental density. Our results show that the volume filling factor of hot gas (T &gt; 105.5 K) is about $12~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ averaged over a region of 4 kpc in height and 20 kpc in radius centred on the disc of the galaxy. Overall, the properties of superbubbles are sensitive to the choice of subgrid galaxy formation models and can, therefore, be used to constrain these models.
Triaxial Schwarzschild models of NGC 708: a 10-billion solar mass black hole in a low-dispersion galaxy with a Kroupa IMF
Authors: de Nicola Stefano , Thomas Jens , Saglia Roberto P , Snigula Jan , Kluge Matthias , Bender Ralf 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a (1.0 ± 0.28) × 1010 M⊙ supermassive black hole (BH) at the centre of NGC 708, the Brightest Cluster Galaxy of Abell 262. Such high BH masses are very rare and allow to investigate BH–host galaxy scaling relations at the high mass end, which in turn provide hints about the (co)evolution of such systems. NGC 708 is found to be an outlier in all the canonical scaling relations except for those linking the BH mass to the core properties. The galaxy mass-to-light ratio points to a Kroupa IMF rather than Salpeter, with this finding confirmed using photometry in two different bands. We perform this analysis using our novel triaxial Schwarzschild code to integrate orbits in a five-dimensional space, using a semiparametric deprojected light density to build the potential and non-parametric line-of-sight velocity distributions (LOSVDs) derived from long-slit spectra recently acquired at Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) to exploit the full information in the kinematic. We find that the galaxy geometry changes as a function of the radius going from prolate, nearly spherical in the central regions to triaxial at large radii, highlighting the need to go beyond constant shape profiles. Our analysis is only the second of its kind and will systematically be used in the future to hunt supermassive BH in giant ellipticals.
EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII predict and participate in TAT-Cx43266–283 antitumor response in preclinical glioblastoma models
Authors: Álvarez-Vázquez Andrea , San-Segundo Laura , Cerveró-García Pilar , Flores-Hernández Raquel , Ollauri-Ibáñez Claudia , Segura-Collar Berta , Hubert Christopher G , Morrison Gillian , Pollard Steven M , Lathia Justin D , Sánchez-Gómez Pilar , Tabernero Arantxa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) commonly displays epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations (mainly amplification and EGFRvIII) and TAT-Cx43266–283 is a Src-inhibitory peptide with antitumor properties in preclinical GBM models. Given the link between EGFR and Src, the aim of this study was to explore the role of EGFR in the antitumor effects of TAT-Cx43266–283.

Methods
The effect of TAT-Cx43266–283, temozolomide (TMZ), and erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor) was studied in patient-derived GBM stem cells (GSCs) and murine neural stem cells (NSCs) with and without EGFR alterations, in vitro and in vivo. EGFR alterations were analyzed by western blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization in these cells, and compared with Src activity and survival in GBM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Results
The effect of TAT-Cx43266–283 correlated with EGFR alterations in a set of patient-derived GSCs and was stronger than that exerted by TMZ and erlotinib. In fact, TAT-Cx43266-283 only affected NSCs with EGFR alterations, but not healthy NSCs. EGFR alterations correlated with Src activity and poor survival in GBM patients. Finally, tumors generated from NSCs with EGFR alterations showed a decrease in growth, invasiveness, and vascularization after treatment with TAT-Cx43266–283, which enhanced the survival of immunocompetent mice.

Conclusions
Clinically relevant EGFR alterations are predictors of TAT-Cx43266–283 response and part of its mechanism of action, even in TMZ- and erlotinib-resistant GSCs. TAT-Cx43266–283 targets NSCs with GBM-driver mutations, including EGFR alterations, in an immunocompetent GBM model in vivo, suggesting a promising effect on GBM recurrence. Together, this study represents an important step toward the clinical application of TAT-Cx43266–283.
Muhammad Ali
Authors: Lemert Charles 
Published: March 2024

Muhammad Ali (b. 1942–d. 2016) was a professional boxer who has been called the Greatest Boxer of all time and was named, by Time, Sport’s Illustrated, and Life magazines, the Greatest Athlete of the 20th century. He was brash enough after first winning the heavyweight box title in 1964, to shout then and thereafter, “I am the Greatest!” Shortly after defeating Sonny Liston, he changed his name from Cassius Clay to Muhammad Ali, and as a member of the Nation of Islam he enjoyed a close personal friendship with Malcolm X. His most famous fight was in 1974 in Kinshasa, Zaire, known as the “Rumble in the Jungle,” when he knocked out the heavily favored George Foreman. This win was significant for two reasons. First, it came after a prolonged absence from boxing when he was exiled from the sport for refusing to enter the draft for the American war in Vietnam, famously saying: “I Ain’t Got No Quarrel with Them Viet Cong.” Second, the fight in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo introduced him to African people, thus making Ali into a global race figure. He was in this moment, and for some years after, the most famous person in the world. He was not a writer, but he was an amazing oral poet who influenced hip hop music. Ali was able to compose plain verse in the moment. Some he wrote out before. Once, while speaking to the graduating class at Harvard University, students shouted for a poem. He answered spontaneously: “Me/We.” George Plimpton called this the shortest poem in literary history. Ali’s public persona was always associated with entertaining. His moniker “Float Like a Butterfly, Sting Like a Bee” was a near perfect figurative description of his boxing skills. He could in fact dance brilliantly about the ring to confuse opponents, but when he saw an opening, he could sting with lighting fast punches. In his last years after boxing, frail with Parkinson’s Syndrome, his Islamic faith inspired millions—especially when, his face frozen and arm trembling, he lit the Olympic Flame at the 1996 Games in Atlanta. At the same time, Ali was humble enough in the end to beg forgiveness for abandoning Malcolm X in 1964. Overall Muhammad Ali was many things at once. As a result, he has been studied in many books and other media. He was as much a cultural icon as an athlete.
Comparison of miRNA profiles in the immune response of pediatric acute appendicitis and pediatric enterobiasis patients caused by Enterobius vermicularis
Authors: Öztürk Ayşe Betül , Eroglu Fadime 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the miRNA profile in the immune response with the parasite in pediatric patients with acute appendicitis caused by Enterobius vermicularis and in pediatric patients with enterobiasis.

Methods
A total of 30 tissue samples, which were operated with the diagnosis of pediatric acute appendicitis in the last 10 y and Enterobius vermicularis was detected by histopathological findings, were analyzed. In addition, blood samples were taken from 30 pediatric patients diagnosed with enterobiasis for this study. The miRNAs that activate T and B cells were evaluated by a quantitative real-time PCR, statistically calculated within ΔΔCt values, and fold changes were evaluated by Welch’s T test, in which p&lt;0.5 was considered to be significant.

Results
It was found that 48 out of 136 (35.3%) miRNAs differed between the pediatric patient and healthy control groups. It was determined that 22 (57.9%) of the different miRNAs were T cell activating miRNAs and 26 (68.4%) were B cell activating miRNAs. While there was a significant difference in miRNA values activating T cells in two patient groups (p&lt;0.01), there was no significant difference in miRNA values activating B cells (p&gt;0.01).

Conclusions
In the study, although Enterobius vermicularis was the causative agent in both patient groups, it was revealed that the immune response of patients with acute appendicitis was more affected than enterobiasis patients.
Antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants and susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyelu Oluwatoyin Olawunmi , Essien Edidiong Nkiruka , Adebote Valentine , Ajayi Abraham , Essiet Utibeima Udo , Adeleye Adeyemi Isaac , Smith Stella Ifeanyi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Genetic determinants are known to promote antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer.

Methods
We molecularly characterized integrons, plasmid replicon types and metallo-β-lactamase-encoding genes of 38 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical samples.

Results
The P. aeruginosa isolates displayed high resistance (97.4%) to β-lactams. Seventeen (44.74%) of them possessed plasmids. Of the 17 isolates that possessed plasmids, 11 (64.7%) of them harboured IncFIA plasmid replicon type, while 6 (35.3%), 5 (29.4%) and 5 (29.4%) were of the IncFIB, IncF and IncW types, respectively. The intI1 gene was detected in 19 (50%) of the isolates. The blaNDM-A, blaNDM-B and blaVIM genes were detected in 14 (35.9%), 4 (10.3%) and 5 (12.8%) of the isolates, respectively.

Conclusions
High resistance to β-lactams was observed among P. aeruginosa strains of clinical origin in this study. They possessed transmissible genetic elements indicating the potential for continuous dissemination, thus continuous surveillance is advocated.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Acute versus Chronic Urticaria Triggered by COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Oztas Kara Rabia , Sevimli Dikicier Bahar 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Although acute urticaria (AU) and urticaria-like rash are commonly reported with COVID-19 infection, chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) triggered by COVID-19 is rare. The authors compared the features of COVID-19 infection-induced chronic CSU and AU to determine which patients’ COVID-19 infection leads to CSU and possible indicators of chronicity.

METHODS
The authors retrieved the charts of patients diagnosed with AU or CSU following COVID-19 at the Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence and compared patients in terms of demographic characteristics, length of time between infection and onset of urticaria, duration of urticaria, COVID-19 disease severity, laboratory test results, vaccination, and treatment status.

RESULTS
A total of 92 patients were included in the study: 7 with CSU following COVID-19 and 85 with AU after COVID-19. The mean duration of urticaria for CSU and AU following COVID-19 was 13.0 ± 6.0 months and 7.1 ± 3.4 days, respectively. The average time between COVID-19 and the start of urticaria was longer in the CSU group (20.7 ± 3.9 days vs 4.5 ± 2.8 days, respectively; P = .000). No between-group differences were found for any other parameters.

CONCLUSIONS
The onset of urticaria more than 2 weeks after COVID-19 infection may serve as an indicator for urticaria chronicity beyond 6 weeks and may help physicians predict the possible course of urticaria associated with COVID-19 infection. The relevance of basopenia and eosinopenia needs to be determined.
The Management of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Skin Ulcers after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhao XueHua , Wang Xun , Li Lai Juan , Wu LinZhu 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The comprehensive management of a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease skin ulcers after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is challenging. This report describes the case of a 53-year-old woman who presented with ulcers on her right leg 140 weeks after a bone marrow transplant. The patient received wound assessment and management based on the Triangle of Wound Assessment and Wound Bed Preparation 2021, respectively. Hydrogel and antibacterial protease dressings were applied along with systemic oral administration of moxifloxacin hydrochloride (two capsules, two times daily) and JiXueGanPian tablets (classic Chinese herbal formula; two capsules, two times daily), hospital-community-home continuous care, and patient-centered education. Finally, after 133 days of nursing, the patient’s wound was completely healed without complications or other skin issues. The use of hydrogel combined with the antibacterial protease dressing was a promising technique for handling this type of wound, enhanced by multidisciplinary collaboration. Of course, providing patients with education that focuses on prevention is necessary.
Does Size Really Matter? Incidence of Periprosthetic Fractures After Femoral Osteotomy in Patients With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Wimmer Sam P. , Wren Tishya A.L. , Rethlefsen Susan A. , Abousamra Oussama N. , Kay Robert M. 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Of children, 30% to 35% with cerebral palsy (CP) develop hip subluxation or dislocation and often require reconstructive hip surgery, including varus derotation osteotomy (VDRO). A recent literature review identified postoperative fractures as the most common complication (9.4%) of VDROs. This study aimed to assess risk factors for periprosthetic fracture after VDRO in children with CP.

Methods:
A total of 347 patients (644 hips, 526 bilateral hips) with CP and hip subluxation or dislocation (129 females; mean age at index VDRO: 8.6 y, SD 3.4, range: 1.5 to 17.7; 2 Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I, 35 GMFCS II, 39 GMFCS III, 119 GMFCS IV, 133 GMFCS V, 21 unavailable) were included in this retrospective, single-group intervention (VDRO) study at a tertiary referral center. Imaging and clinical documentation for patients age 18 years or younger at index surgery, treated with VDRO were reviewed to determine demographic data, GMFCS level, surgeon, type of hardware implanted, use of anticonvulsants and steroids, type of postoperative immobilization, presence of periprosthetic fractures, fracture location and mechanism, and time from surgery to fracture. Potential determinants of periprosthetic fractures were assessed using mixed effects logistic regression.

Results:
Of 644 hips, 14 (2.2%, 95% CI: 1.3%, 3.6%) sustained a periprosthetic fracture, at a median of 2.1 years postoperatively (interquartile range: 4.6 y, range: 1.2 mo to 7.8 y). Patients with a fracture had a median age at index surgery of 7.3 years (interquartile range: 4.3, range: 2.8 to 17.8; 1 GMFCS II, 6 GMFCS IV, 7 GMFCS V). Periprosthetic fractures were not significantly related to age at index surgery (P= 0.18), sex (P= 0.30), body mass index percentile (P= 0.87), surgery side (P= 0.16), anticonvulsant use (P= 0.35), type of postoperative immobilization (P= 0.40), GMFCS level (P= 0.31), or blade plate size (P= 0.17). Only surgeon volume significantly related to periprosthetic fracture (odds ratio = 5.03, 95% CI: 1.53, 16.56, P= 0.008), with the highest-volume surgeon also using smaller blade plates (P< 0.01).

Conclusions:
Periprosthetic fractures after VDRO surgery in children with CP are uncommon, and routine hardware removal appears unnecessary. The data suggest that the common dogma of putting in the largest blade plate possible to maximize fixation may increase the risk of periprosthetic fracture. Due to the overall low fracture rate, especially when contextualized relative to the risk of hardware removal, a reactive approach to hardware removal appears warranted.

Level of Evidence
Level III—retrospective study (targeting varus derotational osteotomies in children with cerebral palsy).
Dermal Regeneration Template in the Management and Reconstruction of Burn Injuries and Complex Wounds: A Review
Authors: Gupta Subhas , Moiemen Naiem , Fischer John P. , Attinger Christopher , Jeschke Marc G. , Taupin Philippe , Orgill Dennis P. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Dermal scaffolds have created a paradigm shift for burn and wound management by providing improved healing and less scarring, while improving cosmesis and functionality. Dermal regeneration template (DRT) is a bilayer membrane for dermal regeneration developed by Yannas and Burke in the 1980s. The aim of this review is to summarize clinical evidence for dermal scaffolds focusing on DRT for the management and reconstruction of burn injuries and complex wounds.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of PubMed was performed from the start of indexing through November 2022. Articles reporting on DRT use in patients with burns, limb salvage, and wound reconstruction were included with focus on high-level clinical evidence.

Results:
DRT has become an established alternative option for the treatment of full-thickness and deep partial-thickness burns, with improved outcomes in areas where cosmesis and functionality are important. In the management of diabetic foot ulcers, use of DRT is associated with high rates of complete wound healing with a low risk of adverse outcomes. DRT has been successfully used in traumatic and surgical wounds, showing particular benefit in deep wounds and in the reconstruction of numerous anatomical sites.

Conclusions:
Considerable clinical experience has accrued with the use of DRT beyond its original application for thermal injury. A growing body of evidence from clinical studies reports the successful use of DRT to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life across clinical indications at a number of anatomical sites.
Posterior Auricle Bilobed Cartilage-skin Flap for Reconstructing the Earlobe: A Case Report
Authors: Nakazawa Risa , Ishii Nobuaki , Akimoto Masataka , Ogawa Rei 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
Because the auricle plays an important role in facial aesthetics, all earlobe operations must seek to limit postoperative ear deformity. This report describes the single-stage posterior-auricle bilobed cartilage-skin flap technique for reconstructing the earlobe. A 31-year-old man incurred a left earlobe deficiency due to a human bite. Earlobe reconstruction was conducted 102 days later. A bilobed flap was designed on the posterior-auricular skin. Both flaps were pedicled in the caudal posterior-auricular area. The first incision raised the upper lobe, which consisted of posterior-auricle skin and conchal cartilage. The skin was sutured to the auricle base so that it formed the anterior earlobe. The cartilage was then cut to separate and processed to the natural curve. The second incision elevated the second flap from the caudal posterior-auricular area. This was sutured to the first flap so that it formed the posterior earlobe. The donor sites were closed with simple sutures. The reconstructed earlobe had no obvious contracture after surgery. Most donor-site scarring was hidden behind the auricle. At 9 months postoperative, the patient was satisfied with the result. Our technique allows us to harvest cartilage from the same operative field, perform a single-stage reconstruction, and recreate a relatively large earlobe with good size and shape. The posterior auricle bilobed cartilage-skin flap technique is useful for earlobe reconstruction.