bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host‐specific Fusarium oxysporum Causes Wilt of Jojoba
Authors: Tsror (Lahkim) L. , Hazanovski M. , Erlich O. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractJojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] plantations in Israel originated from vegetative propagation, planted during 1991–92, have shown symptoms of wilting and subsequent death. Verticillium dahliae was only rarely isolated from these plants and artificial inoculation showed only mild disease symptoms. Fusarium oxysporum caused severe chlorosis, desiccation, defoliation and wilt in leaves of jojoba plants, resulting in plant death. Recovery of the fungus from artificially inoculated stem cuttings and seedlings showed for the first time that F. oxysporum was the primary pathogen. Inoculated cuttings exhibited wilt within 3 weeks, while in seedlings wilt occurred 10–24 weeks after inoculation. Seedlings and cuttings of jojoba which were inoculated with other Fusarium isolates originating from different crops (F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum from cotton, F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi from carnation, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici from tomato and F. oxysporum f. sp. basilicum from basil) did not develop symptoms. Moreover, cotton, tomato, melon and cucumber seedlings inoculated with several virulent F. oxysporum isolates from jojoba did not show any symptoms of wilt or defoliation. These results indicate a high degree of specificity of the Fusarium isolates from jojoba; therefore, it is suggested that this isolate be defined as F. oxysporum f. sp. simmondsia.
Microsatellite Markers Associated with Spot Blotch Resistance in Spring Wheat
Authors: Sharma R. C. , Duveiller E. , Jacquemin J. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSpot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is a serious wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) disease in the warm areas of South Asia. Breeding for resistance in the past 15 years has produced limited progress, and newly developed wheat cultivars suffer considerable yield reductions under spot blotch epidemics in the region. Resistance is often controlled by multiple genes with additive effects. Marker‐assisted selection, in combination with field selection, could accelerate the identification of progeny with multiple genes for resistance early in the breeding process. A study was conducted to determine microsatellite markers associated with resistance in the F7 progeny from a cross between the spot blotch‐susceptible Sonalika and resistant G162 wheat genotypes. A parental survey using 171 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer sets and spread over 21 chromosomes of wheat identified 52% polymorphic loci. However, only 15 polymorphic markers showed association with two bulks, one each of progeny with low and with high spot blotch severity. The detailed analysis indicated that progeny lines with low spot blotch severity could be separated from those with high severity using three SSR markers located on three wheat chromosomes. The findings may be useful in developing a marker‐assisted selection strategy for spot blotch resistance in wheat.
Diabetes mellitus and kidney cancer risk: The results of Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study)
Authors: Washio Masakazu , Mori Mitsuru , Khan Mmh , Sakauchi Fumio , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Ozasa Kotaro , Hayashi Kyohei , Miki Tsuneharu , Nakao Masahiro , Mikami Kazuya , Ito Yoshinori , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Wakai Kenji , Tamakoshi Akiko ,   The JACC Study Group
Published: May 2007

Background:  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is reported as being a risk factor associated with kidney cancer in Western countries. The incidence of both kidney cancer and DM is lower in Japan than the other developed countries, albeit on the rise.Methods:  We evaluated the risk factors for kidney cancer mortality using the database of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC) study. The analytic cohort included 46 462 males and 64 326 females aged 40–79 years old. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine age‐ and sex‐adjusted relative risk and its 95% confidence intervals.Results:  DM showed an increased, age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio for kidney cancer mortality, but it failed to achieve statistical significance after controlling for other factors.Conclusion:  The present study showed that DM increased the risk of kidney cancer death among the Japanese population. However, further studies may be needed to confirm the findings in the present study because DM failed to remain as a significant risk factor after controlling for other factors because of the small number of kidney cancer deaths in the present study.
Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on quality of life in Japanese men with prostate cancer
Authors: Kato Tomonori , Komiya Akira , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Imamoto Takashi , Ueda Takeshi , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: May 2007

Objective:  We evaluated health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in Japanese men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer.Methods:  Fifty‐six men were enrolled in this study. HRQOL was prospectively measured before ADT, and at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment began, using a general (36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey) and disease‐specific (the University of California, Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index) HRQOL questionnaire.Results:  In the general HRQOL questionnaire, patients with stage B (n = 22) or C (n = 17) disease showed a decline in vitality at 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05 for both). Stage D patients (n = 17) had improvements in bodily pain at 3 and 12 months (P < 0.05 for both), vitality at 12 months (P < 0.05), role‐emotional at 6 months (P < 0.05), and mental health at 3 months (P < 0.05). When clinical stages were not considered, there were no significant changes in the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey. As for the disease‐specific HRQOL, urinary function improved after ADT at 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05 for both), and urinary bother decreased at 3 (P < 0.05), 6 (P < 0.005) and 12 months (P < 0.05). Sexual function decreased at 3 (P < 0.05), 6 (P < 0.005) and 12 months (P < 0.005) but sexual bother improved at 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05 for both). If patients were stratified by clinical stages, similar findings were observed.Conclusions:  General HRQOL was mostly unaffected by ADT in Japanese men. Disease‐specific questions indicated an increase in urinary function. Although deterioration of sexual function was marked, most patients did not report sexual bother. Our results shed new light on the impact of ADT on HRQOL and could provide useful information about patient‐centered outcome evaluations.
Analysis of the validation of existing behavioral pain and distress scales for use in the procedural setting
Authors: CRELLIN DIANNE , SULLIVAN THOMAS P. , BABL FRANZ E. , O’SULLIVAN RONAN , HUTCHINSON ADRIAN 
Published: May 2007

SummaryBackground:  Assessing procedural pain and distress in young children is difficult. A number of behavior‐based pain and distress scales exist which can be used in preverbal and early‐verbal children, and these are validated in particular settings and to variable degrees.Methods:  We identified validated preverbal and early‐verbal behavioral pain and distress scales and critically analysed the validation and reliability testing of these scales as well as their use in procedural pain and distress research. We analysed in detail six behavioral pain and distress scales: Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS), Faces Legs Activity Cry Consolability Pain Scale (FLACC), Toddler Preschooler Postoperative Pain Scale (TPPPS), Preverbal Early Verbal Pediatric Pain Scale (PEPPS), the observer Visual Analog Scale (VASobs) and the Observation Scale of Behavioral Distress (OSBD).Results:  Despite their use in procedural pain studies none of the behavioral pain scales reviewed had been adequately validated in the procedural setting and validation of the single distress scale was limited.Conclusions:  There is a need to validate behavioral pain and distress scales for procedural use in preverbal or early‐verbal children.
Severe twin–twin transfusion syndrome: outcome after fetoscopic laser ablation of the placental vascular equator
Authors: Ierullo AM , Papageorghiou AT , Bhide A , Fratelli N , Thilaganathan B 
Published: May 2007

Objective  To assess the safety and efficacy of a modified fetoscopic laser ablation technique for the management of severe twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in a large series of pregnancies.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  Tertiary referral fetal medicine unit.Population  Women with pregnancies complicated by severe TTTS (Quintero stage III or IV), before 26 weeks of gestation.Methods  Fetoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses was performed. The sonoendoscopic approach was used to identify the placental vascular equator and to photocoagulate crossing vessels.Main outcome measures  Overall survival, fetal and perinatal mortalities, gestational age at delivery, birthweight, operating time and recurrence of TTTS.Results  A total of 77 women underwent the procedure. The mean gestational age at treatment was 20 (range 16–26) weeks. On average, four vessels were ablated during each procedure, with a mean operative time of 15 (range 5–25) minutes. None of the women required a repeat fetoscopic laser treatment for recurrence of the TTTS. There was at least one survivor in 74% (57/77) of pregnancies, and the overall survival rate was 57% (88/154).Conclusions  Fetoscopic laser ablation is a safe and effective form of treatment in the management of severe TTTS. The technique of identifying the common villous district of the placenta by ultrasound and photocoagulating any vessels crossing the vascular equator appears to be an acceptable alternative to both the nonselective and highly selective methods described so far. This approach is associated with a short operating time, low likelihood of TTTS recurrence or fetal anaemia and with survival results that are equivalent to previously reported techniques.
From climate change impacts to adaptation: A development perspective for India
Authors: Garg Amit , Shukla P. R. , Kapshe Manmohan 
Published: May 2007

Abstract India has good reasons to be concerned about climate change as it could adversely affect the achievement of vital national development goals related to socio‐economic development, human welfare, health, energy availability and use, and infrastructure. The paper attempts to develop a framework for integrated impact assessment and adaptation responses, using a recently built railroad coastal infrastructure asset in India as an example. The framework links climate change variables — temperature, rainfall, sea level rise, extreme events, and other secondary variables — and sustainable development variables — technology, institutions, economic, and other policies. The study indicates that sustainable development variables generally reduce the adverse impacts on the system due to climate change alone, except when they are inadequately applied. The paper concludes that development is a vital variable for integrated impact assessment. Well crafted developmental policies could result in a less‐GHG intensive future, enhanced adaptive capacities of communities and systems, and lower impacts due to climate change.
Environment and development in the Republic of the Marshall Islands: Linking climate change with sustainable fisheries development
Authors: Moss Rhea M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a major custodian of one of the ocean's major natural resources: tuna. The commercial tuna fisheries sector is the most important economic sector in the RMI and is thus a substantial contributor to this tiny island nation's GDP. Tuna catch and its associated revenues has fluctuated in line with climatic events such as the El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and, in the last decade, national fisheries development policies have begun to capitalize on the positive effects that ENSO warm events have had on the tuna populations. However, global warming is expected to have a significant impact on ENSO, and not necessarily in positive ways. This paper will focus on the relationship between environment and economic development in the RMI fisheries sector. In particular, the linkages between global warming and its effects on the tuna fisheries sector must be better understood and uncertainties accounted for so that impacts are appropriately addressed and integrated into sustainable fisheries development policies. Conclusions reached are that new fisheries development strategies that emphasize environmental‐based planning are required. The emerging ecosystem‐based approach to fisheries management is a start, as are the various international initiatives in furthering our understanding of the linkages between climate and ocean systems currently underway.
Depression and Anxiety: Effect on the Migraine–Obesity Relationship
Authors: Tietjen Gretchen E. , Peterlin B. Lee , Brandes Jan L. , Hafeez Faizan , Hutchinson Susan , Martin Vincent T. , Dafer Rima M. , Aurora Sheena K. , Stein Michael R. , Herial Nabeel A. , Utley Christine , White Leah , Khuder Sadik A. 
Published: May 2007

Objective.—To discern the effects of depression and anxiety on the migraine–obesity relationship.Background.—Migraine and obesity are highly prevalent conditions and are both independently linked to psychiatric conditions, mainly depression and anxiety.Methods.—Data are from an ongoing cross‐sectional multicenter study on comorbid conditions in clinic patients seeking treatment for headache. The diagnosis of migraine was determined by the examining physician based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)‐II criteria. Participants completed a self‐administered questionnaire with information on demographics, headache features, and physician‐diagnosed comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders. The questionnaire included scales for measuring current depression (PHQ‐9), anxiety (BAI), and headache‐related disability (HIT‐6).Results.—A total of 721 migraineurs (88% women) from 8 different headache treatment centers were included in this study (mean age = 42 years, SD = 12). Aura was reported in 45% and chronic headache (≥15 headache days/month) in 35% of the participants. Prevalence of obesity in our population was 30% and only 38% had normal weight. Obesity was more common in men (P= .004), African Americans (P= .026), and in lower education (P= .05) and household income (P=.05) groups. Current depression (PHQ‐9 score ≥10) was noted in 42% and current anxiety (BAI score ≥8) in 70% of the obese migraineurs. In ordinal logistic regression, obesity was associated with current depression (odds ratio [OR]= 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25 to 2.78) and anxiety (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.22). A significant effect of depression on the body mass index (BMI) and headache frequency relationship was noted. Obese migraineurs with depression were more likely to have higher headache frequency (OR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.92 to 8.99) and headache‐related disability (OR = 7.10, 95% CI: 2.69 to 18.77) compared to normal weight migraineurs without depression. Similarly, obese migraineurs with anxiety were more likely to have higher headache frequency (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.07 to 3.61) and headache‐related disability (OR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.64 to 7.86) compared to normal weight migraineurs without depression. Compared to migraineurs with either current depression or anxiety, those with both these conditions were more likely to have higher headache frequency (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.86 to 5.43) and headache disability (OR = 6.13, 95% CI: 2.58 to 14.59).Conclusion.—Depression and anxiety were common in obese migraineurs. The relationship of obesity with migraine frequency and migraine‐related disability is modified by depression and by anxiety, with the strongest effect observed in migraineurs with both depression and anxiety.
Tracking Clerkship Experience: Just What Do Clinical Clerks See on an Elder Care Rotation?
Authors: Diachun Laura L. , Van Bussel Lisa , Ens Andrea , Dumbrell Andrea C. , Hillier Loretta M. 
Published: May 2007

The Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada, has created a mandatory clerkship in Elder Care that consists of small group seminars, clinical experiences, and an Elder Care manual. This article describes the use of a paper‐based log to track students' clinical encounters to determine whether the Elder Care clerkship offers students the opportunity for a broad range of clinical experiences to address curriculum objectives.Using a paper‐based log that was completed after each clinical encounter, students recorded information including the reason for assessment, tests completed, care recommendations, and personal reflections. Each of 70 students completed an average of 5.5 logs. Cognitive/psychiatric, medical, functional, and social problems were reported in more than 83% of the logs. Almost all students saw at least one patient with cognitive decline and one with depressive symptoms. Only six students reported seeing a patient with delirium. Students were able to think reflectively on their experiences. In matching the clerkship objectives to the learning modality(ies) in which they were addressed, it was found that knowledge‐related objectives were supported primarily by seminars and manual content. Skills‐related objectives were supported primarily by clinical experiences.The clinical experience logs used in this study provided evidence that, in the Elder Care clerkship, for the most part, students are seeing what we think they should be seeing. Study results have informed the revision of the logs, which will be an ongoing method of tracking objectives and students' reflections and ensuring continuous quality improvement.
Inorganic phosphate transport in matrix vesicles from bovine articular cartilage
Authors: Solomon D. H. , Browning J. A. , Wilkins R. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAims:  In mineralizing tissues such as growth plate cartilage extracellular organelles derived from the chondrocyte membrane are present. These matrix vesicles (MV), possess membrane transporters that accumulate Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and initiate the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals. MV are also present in articular cartilage, and hydroxyapatite crystals are believed to promote cartilage degradation in osteoarthritic joints. This study characterizes Pi transport in MV derived from articular cartilage.Methods:  Matrix vesicles were harvested from collagenase digests of bovine articular cartilage by serial centrifugation. Pi uptake by MV was measured using radioactive phosphate (33[P]HPO). The Na+ dependence, pH sensitivity and effects of Pi analogues that inhibit Pi transport were determined.Results:  Pi uptake was temperature‐sensitive and comprised Na+‐dependent and Na+‐independent components. The Na+‐dependent component saturated at high extracellular Pi concentrations, with a Km of 0.16 mm. In Na+‐free solutions, uptake did not fully saturate implying that carrier‐mediated uptake is supplemented by a diffusive pathway. Uptake was inhibited by phosphonoacetate and arsenate, although a fraction of Na+‐independent Pi uptake persisted. Total Pi uptake was maximal at pH 6.5, and reduced at more acidic or alkaline values, representing inhibition of both components.Conclusion:  These properties are highly similar to those of Pi uptake by chondrocytes, suggesting that MV inherit Pi transporters of the chondrocyte membrane from which they are derived. Na+‐independent Pi uptake has not previously been described in MV from growth plate cartilage and is relatively uncharacterized, but warrants further attention in articular cartilage, given its likely role in initiating inappropriate mineral formation.
Prognostic Effect of DNA Aneuploidy from Bladder Washings in Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Puntoni Matteo , Zanardi Silvia , Branchi Daniela , Bruno Silvia , Curotto Antonio , Varaldo Marco , Bruzzi Paolo , Decensi Andrea 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Background: Superficial (papillary) bladder cancer is associated with progression and death from muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but no reliable predictors of the outcomes have been identified.
Methods: We analyzed the long-term prognostic effect of DNA flow cytometry in bladder washings from 93 subjects with previously resected Ta and T1 bladder tumors who participated in a chemoprevention trial of the synthetic retinoid fenretinide. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to determine the prognostic effect of DNA aneuploidy on cancer progression and mortality in conjunction with conventional clinical factors after a median of 11.5 years (interquartile range, 9.5-11.7 years).
Results: Overall, 58 of 93 (62%) specimens were DNA aneuploid at baseline. Progression-free survival was significantly shorter in subjects with stage T1 [hazard ratio (HR), 31.6; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.6-386.1; P &lt; 0.001] and in subjects with baseline DNA aneuploid washing (HR, 10.5; 95% CI, 1.1-126.1; P = 0.03). The risk of death was also greater for stage T1 tumors (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.04-6.7; P = 0.04). DNA aneuploidy was a significant prognostic factor also for overall survival (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.0-9.0; P = 0.05). Fenretinide treatment had no significant effect on cancer progression and death.
Conclusions: DNA aneuploidy in washings from endoscopically normal bladder is a significant predictor of progression and death in addition to tumor stage. This biomarker may help to identify and monitor a high-risk group who may benefit from a chemoprevention intervention. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):979–83)
Atypia in Random Periareolar Fine-Needle Aspiration Affects the Decision of Women at High Risk to Take Tamoxifen for Breast Cancer Chemoprevention
Authors: Goldenberg Vanessa K. , Seewaldt Victoria L. , Scott Victoria , Bean Gregory R. , Broadwater Gloria , Fabian Carol , Kimler Bruce , Zalles Carola , Lipkus Isaac M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RPFNA) is a research procedure designed to (a) evaluate short-term breast cancer risk in women at high risk for developing breast cancer, and (b) track response to chemoprevention. Of import, cellular atypia in breast RPFNA is prospectively associated with a 5.6-fold increase in breast cancer risk in women at high risk. Among 99 women attending a clinic for high-risk breast cancer, we explored the effects of RPFNA cytology results on decision making pertaining to the use of tamoxifen for breast cancer chemoprevention. No patient with nonproliferative or hyperplastic cytology subsequently elected to take tamoxifen. Only 7% of subjects with borderline atypia elected to take tamoxifen. In contrast, 50% with atypia elected to take tamoxifen. These results suggest that the provision of a biomarker of short-term risk can affect the motivation to take tamoxifen for chemoprevention. This conclusion is informative given that tamoxifen, due to its side effects, is often underused by women at high risk of developing breast cancer. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms through which RPFNA results affect the decision to use tamoxifen, or any other breast cancer chemopreventive agent. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):1032–4)
Is TGFBR1*6A a Susceptibility Allele for Nonsyndromic Familial Colorectal Neoplasia?
Authors: Daley Denise , Morgan Wendi , Lewis Susan , Willis Joseph , Elston Robert C. , Markowitz Sanford D. , Wiesner Georgia L. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Our analysis definitely excludes the possibility of the TGFBR1*6A allele increasing the risk of colorectal neoplasia in our sample population. A recent study validating linkage of colorectal cancer to chromosome 9q also excluded the TGFBR1*6A allele as a disease-causing variant in that sample. We conclude that there remains an unidentified susceptibility locus in the region 9q22.2-31.2. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):892–4)