bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Mr. MASS motivations himself’: explaining Dr. Ernest Dichter
Authors: Fullerton Ronald A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
During the 1950s and into the 1960s no marketing consultant was better known than Dr. Ernest Dichter (1907–1993). Business leaders, advertising professionals, journalists, and even academics attributed to Dichter near‐magical powers to penetrate to the very heart of consumer motivations with his unique psychoanalytic version of ‘Motivation Research’. Social critics saw him as a menace to free societies.
Much of what he claimed, however, was inaccurate and needs to be critically checked against other sources, as will be done here, where archival and other primary sources are evaluated to explore Dichter's career and his legacy.
Dichter exploited the esteem of psychoanalysis yet was not particularly well versed in it himself. He was hardly the ‘father’ of Motivation Research (MR) but rather took from its originators without acknowledgement. His work represented only part of MR.
On the positive side, Dichter's creative and intuitive approach enabled him to portray consumer behavior in ways that celebrated mass affluence, enriched popular mythology, and still influences advertising creatives.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cinemusical meanings in motion pictures: commerce, art, and Brando loyalty … or … De Niro, My God, To Thee
Authors: Holbrook Morris B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The theme of art‐versus‐commerce has surfaced in many motion pictures but serves here to juxtapose three otherwise disparate films that draw upon the power of jazz as a force toward the dramatic development of character, plot, central themes, and other cinemusical meanings. Specifically, via the significance of its ambi‐diegetic music, New York, New York (1977) shows the elevation of artistic integrity (Robert De Niro as Jimmy Doyle) over commercialism (Liza Minnelli as Francine Evans). In Heart Beat (1980), the raw honesty of a committed‐but‐doomed creative genius (Art Pepper) provides nondiegetic music that signifies the self‐destructive degradation of a key protagonist (Nick Nolte as Neal Cassady). Finally, in The Score (2001), the appealing nature of diegetic jazz in a cinemusically‐enriched nightclub environment helps to explain why a soon‐to‐be‐ reformed criminal (Robert De Niro, again, as Nick Wells) would risk everything in collaboration with two bizarre partners (Marlon Brando as Max Baron and Ed Norton as Jack Teller) in hopes of a payoff big enough to allow him to retire from a lucrative career in crime in order to run his legitimate jazz venue and to settle down with his true love (Angela Bassett as Diane Boesman).
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food for thought: a study of food consumption in postmodern US culture
Authors: Kniazeva Maria , Venkatesh Alladi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The objective of this research is to examine the symbolic meanings of contemporary food consumption and provide an in‐depth understanding of related practices. Specifically, we view food as a prominent cultural category representative of postmodernism and approach our study using a postmodern perspective. The paper provides an insight into how US consumers relate to food and highlights the symbolic dimension of food in a culture that is often depicted as highly individualistic. Offering a theoretical framework rooted in an ethnographic account of food consumption we uncover its postmodern complexities that take into account social, cultural, and contextual dimensions. Food is discussed in the context of relationships, desire, and a globalized commodity.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disulfide Symmetric Dimers as Stable Pre‐Hapten Forms for Bioconjugation: A Strategy to Prepare Immunoreagents for the Detection of Sulfophenyl Carboxylate Residues in Environmental Samples
Authors: Estévez M.‐Carmen , Galve Roger , Sánchez‐Baeza Francisco , Marco M.‐Pilar 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA convenient, generic synthesis of bioconjugates from haptens with a thiol group has been established. The corresponding haptens are synthesized as stable symmetric dimmers through a disulfide bond that is reduced immediately before conjugation with the aid of a di(n‐butyl)phenylphosphine polystyrene (DBPP) resin. This strategy was used to prepare haptenized biomolecules and to raise antibodies against short‐alkyl‐chain sulfophenyl carboxylates (X‐Cz‐SPCs;Xis the position of the benzylic group andzis the alkyl‐chain length) formed after degradation of the widely used domestic and industrial linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs) surfactants. Because of the complexity of the LASs technical mixture, homologous and pseudo‐heterologous immunization strategies have been studied with the aim of broadening antibody recognition of the SPC family. With this purpose, two types of immunizing haptens have been synthesized and used to prepare bioconjugates and raise antibodies. Type‐A bioconjugates (SPCA–protein) were prepared by synthesizing type‐A haptens as stable symmetric dimers, generically 2,2′‐dithiobis[5‐{4‐(N‐ethylsulfamoyl)}phenylalkanoic acids] (X‐Cz‐S‐SPC). On the other hand, type‐B bioconjugates (SPCB–protein) were prepared by treating the carboxylic groups of the corresponding 4‐sulfophenylalkanoic acids (X‐Cz‐SPC) with the amino groups of the lysine residues by using classical carbodiimide procedures. Type‐A haptens produced antibodies with a much higher avidity for the target analyte. Under competitive immunochemical configurations (As112/2‐C5–ovalbumin), these antibodies can reach a limit of detection (LOD) of 40 ng L−1with an IC50 value of 200 ng L−1for 3‐C6‐SPC, which opens up the possibility of trace contamination of edible waters by surfactants with 3‐C6‐SPC as a marker of LAS pollution. A comparative study of the properties of the three families of polyclonal antibodies produced revealed that antibodies raised through pseudo‐heterologous immunization strategies produced antibodies with a broader specificity versus the SPC family. These results indicate that this approach could be useful in avoiding synthetic difficulties associated with preparing haptens that preserve all the most important chemical functionalities of the molecule.
Trialkylammoniododecaborates: Anions for Ionic Liquids with Potassium, Lithium and Protons as Cations
Authors: Justus Eugen , Rischka Klaus , Wishart James F. , Werner Kristina , Gabel Detlef 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHerein we report a new class of low‐melting ionic liquids (IL) that consist of N,N,N‐trialkylammonioundecahydrododecaborates(1−) as the anion and a range of cations. The cations include the common cations of conventional ILs such as tetraalkylammonium, N‐alkylpyridinium, and N‐methyl‐N′‐alkylimidazolium. In addition, their salts with lithium, potassium, and proton cations also exist as ILs. Pulse radiolysis studies indicate that the anions do not react with solvated electrons.
Stereochemical comparison of nebivolol with other β‐blockers
Authors: Siebert Carsten D. , Hänsicke André , Nagel Thomas 
Published: December 2007

Abstractβ‐Blockers are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and act by antagonizing the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) on β‐adrenergic receptors. All β‐blockers currently used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease contain at least one chiral center and, while most are marketed as racemates, their cardiac antihypertensive activity generally resides in the S‐enantiomer. Nebivolol is a third generation β‐blocker that is highly selective for the β1‐adrenoceptor. The nebivolol molecule contains four chiral centers and is marketed as a racemate of (+)‐nebivolol (SRRR‐configuration) and (−)‐nebivolol (RSSS‐configuration). Nebivolol differs from all other β‐blockers with a hydroxypropanolamine substructure in that its cardiac antihypertensive activity resides in the R‐enantiomer at the hydroxy group, whereas all other β‐blockers have antihypertensive activity in the S‐enantiomer. Two of the four chiral centers in nebivolol are part of a ring structure and the increased rigidity of this structure may be related to nebivolol's divergence from the standard pharmacophore model of β‐blockers. Chirality, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and Validation of a Noninvasive Method to Estimate Cardiac Output Using Cuff Sphygmomanometry
Authors: Chio Shiu‐Shin , Tsai Jeffrey J. , Hsu Yen‐Ming , Lapointe Jeffrey C. , Huynh‐Covey Thao , Kwan Oi Ling B. , DeMaria Anthony N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundObtaining cardiac output (CO) measurements noninvasively during routine blood pressure recording can improve hypertension management. A new method has been developed that estimates cardiac output using pulse‐waveform analysis (PWA) from a brachial cuff sphygmomanometer. This study evaluates the ability of PWA to track changes in CO as derived by Doppler ultrasound during dobutamine stimulation.HypothesisThis study aims to validate the PWA CO estimation over a wide CO range as would be obtained by dobutamine stimulation during Doppler ultrasound evaluation.MethodA total of 48 patients undergoing standard dobutamine stress echocardiography testing for accepted clinical indications were enrolled. Among them, 44 patients (age 36–83, 18 females, 26 males) with good waveform data for analyses provided estimates of CO in this study. Noninvasive measurements of CO were performed using both Doppler ultrasound recordings and PWA techniques simultaneously at each stage of dobutamine infusion.ResultsA total of 207 simultaneous pulse‐waveform analyses and Doppler measurements were taken during dobutamine stress on 44 cardiac patients. Linear regression analysis revealed good intra‐patient correlation between pulse‐waveform analysis and Doppler at different dobutamine‐induced CO with coefficients from r = 0.69 to 0.98 (p < 0.05). Analysis of all patients yielded an overall correlation of r = 0.82 (p < 0.001, bias = 0.4 L/min, standard deviation = 1.8 L/min).ConclusionThe CO measured noninvasively from a sphygmomanometer using this PWA method correlates well with those of Doppler through a range of dobutamine‐stimulated levels. The CO by PWA should be useful for monitoring hemodynamic changes in hypertensive and cardiac patients during routine blood pressure measurement. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mammography screening of women in their 40s
Authors: Calvocoressi Lisa , Sun Albert , Kasl Stanislav V. , Claus Elizabeth B. , Jones Beth A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.In March 1997, the American Cancer Society (ACS) updated its recommended mammography screening interval for women ages 40–49 years from once every 1 to 2 years to once every year. At the same time, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), which had previously not recommended routine screening of women in their 40s, began recommending screening at 1 to 2‐year intervals. These events occurred during the data collection phase of a prospective study of mammography screening and, thereby, provided an unexpected opportunity to examine the potential influences of changing guidelines on women's beliefs about how frequently they should obtain screening exams.METHODS.This analysis included 1451 African American and white women ages 40‐79 years, who obtained an “index” screening exam between October 1996 and January 1998. In baseline and 2‐year follow‐up telephone interviews, respondents provided information on demographic, socioeconomic, health history, medical care, behavioral and psychosocial factors, and on how frequently they believed women of their age should obtain screening mammograms.RESULTS.After the ACS and NCI announcements of new screening guidelines for women in their 40s, a significant increase in endorsement of annual screening among women ages 40–49 years was observed, consistent with the ACS recommendation for annual screening in that age group. No increase in endorsement of annual screening among women ages 50 years and older was evident during the same time period.CONCLUSIONS.Women's beliefs about how frequently they should obtain mammography screenings appear to change in response to changes in recommendations of high‐profile health organizations, particularly when those recommendations call for an increase in screening. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Twenty‐year disease and treatment‐associated mortality rates of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma of clinical stages IIIB and IV prospectively treated with 3‐month anthracycline‐based chemotherapy followed by extended high‐dose radiation
Authors: Sénécal Delphine , Jais Jean‐Philippe , Desablens Bernard , Berthou Christian , Casassus Philippe , Moles Marie‐Pierre , Delwail Vincent , Gastinne Thomas , Colonna Pierre , Andrieu Jean‐Marie 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.In 1981, the authors developed an original strategy combining 3 cycles of doxorubicin (adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or ABVD‐like chemotherapy and extended high‐dose radiation for treating patients with clinical stages IIIB and IV Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). In the current study, the authors analyzed the 20‐year results of this treatment as applied to 213 patients according to 2 successive trials.METHODS.All patients who responded to chemotherapy received extended high‐dose radiation. The rates of complete remission (CR), freedom from disease progression (FFP), HL‐specific survival (HLSS), second tumors and cardiac events, freedom from treatment‐associated mortality (FFTM), overall survival (OS), and event‐free survival were calculated.RESULTS.In December 2006, the median follow‐up of the surviving patients exceeded 13 years; 102 patients (48%) achieved a CR after chemotherapy and 178 patients (84%) did so after radiotherapy. The rates of FFP (61%, quasi‐stable after 6 years) and HLSS (81.6%, stable after 12 years) were found to be significantly higher in patients who achieved a CR after chemotherapy. The incidence of hematologic malignancies was 10.9% (with 10 of 12 events occurring within the first 7 years). The rates of solid tumors (32.4%), cardiac events (33.4%), and FFTM (65.6%) did not reach any plateau by 20 years and were found to be significantly associated with patient age. The 20‐year OS rate was 48%.CONCLUSIONS.This combined modality treatment gave long‐term results similar to those obtained using 6 to 8 cycles of ABVD. Response to the initial brief chemotherapy administration was found to be predictive of the FFP and HLSS rates. The low rate of FFTM was the result of extended high‐dose radiation. The results of the current study should help to design future trials for treating patients with advanced stages of HL. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Atypical expression of Drosophila gustatory receptor genes in sensory and central neurons
Authors: Thorne Natasha , Amrein Hubert 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMembers of the Drosophila gustatory receptor (Gr) gene family are generally expressed in chemosensory neurons and are known to mediate the perception of sugars, bitter substrates, CO2, and pheromones. The Gr gene family consists of 68 members, many of which are organized in gene clusters of up to six genes, yet only expression of about 15 Gr genes has been characterized in detail prior to this study. Here we describe the first comprehensive expression analysis of six highly conserved Gr genes, Gr28a and Gr28b.a to Gr28b.e. Four of these Gr genes are not only expressed in the characteristic pattern associated with previously analyzed Gr genes—chemosensory neurons of the gustatory and olfactory system—but several other types of sensory neurons and neurons in the brain. Specifically, we show that several of the Gr28 genes are expressed in abdominal multidendritic neurons, putative hygroreceptive neurons of the arista, neurons associated with the Johnston's organ, peripheral proprioceptive neurons in the legs, neurons in the larval and adult brain, and oenocytes. Thus, our findings suggest that some Gr genes are utilized in nongustatory roles in the nervous system and tissues involved in proprioception, hygroreception, and other sensory modalities. It is also possible that the Gr28 genes have chemosensory roles in the detection of internal ligands. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:548–568, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐cadherin expression in palisade nerve endings of rat vellus hairs
Authors: Kaidoh Toshiyuki , Inoué Takao 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPalisade nerve endings (PNs) are mechanoreceptors around vellus hairs of mammals. Each lanceolate nerve ending (LN) of the PN is characterized by a sensory nerve ending symmetrically sandwiched by two processes of type II terminal Schwann cells (tSCIIs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the structural organization of the PN are poorly understood. Electron microscopy showed that adherens junctions appeared to adhere to the sensory nerve ending and tSCII processes, so we examined the location of the N‐cadherin adhesion system in PNs of rat vellus hairs by using immunoelectron microscopy. N‐cadherin localized near both ends of the cell boundary between sensory nerve ending and tSCII processes, which corresponded to the sites of adherens junctions. We further found cadherin‐associated proteins, α‐ and β‐catenins, at the linings of adherens junctions. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of immunoelectron microscopic serial thin sections showed four linear arrays of N‐cadherin arranged longitudinally along the LN beneath the four longitudinal borders of two tSCII processes. In contrast, sensory nerve fibers just proximal to the LNs formed common unmyelinated nerve fibers, in which N‐cadherin was located mainly at the mesaxon of type I terminal Schwann cells (tSCIs). These results suggest that the four linear arrays of N‐cadherin‐mediated junctions adhere the sensory nerve ending and tSCII processes side by side to form the characteristic structure of the LN, and the structural differences between the LNs and the proximal unmyelinated nerve fibers possibly are due to the difference in the pattern of N‐cadherin expression between sensory nerve endings and tSCII or tSCI processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:525–534, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation and Physicochemical Features of Hybrid Threadlike Micelles in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nakamura Kenji , Shikata Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe investigate the construction of long, stable hybrid threadlike micelles consisting of polyelectrolytes and oppositely charged surfactants in aqueous solution and examine the physicochemical features such as their structure and viscoelastic behavior in aqueous solution. The most important point for their construction is the careful control of interactions, especially electrostatic interactions, caused between the surfactants and polyelectrolytes. Incorporated polyelectrolytes are fully extended in these hybrid threadlike micelles irrespective of the molecular weight of the polymer. The viscoelastic behavior of the hybrid threadlike micellar solution is similar to that of ordinary threadlike micellar systems consisting of low‐molecular‐weight substances. However, the inclusion of polymers in the micelles causes differences in their mechanical properties.
Nuclear Spin Relaxation Parameters of MRI Contrast Agents – Insight from Quantum Mechanical Calculations
Authors: Yazyev Oleg V. , Helm Lothar 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNuclear magnetic relaxation in the presence of paramagnetic centres has gained increasing interest in recent years partly due to its importance for contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Rational design of new more efficient agents is possible as a result of a better understanding of the underlying relaxation mechanisms. Quantum chemical calculations together with molecular dynamics simulations allow obtaining fundamental parameters such as quadrupole coupling constants and hyperfine interaction tensors directly at a molecular level. Recent results are presented on gadolinium(III) ions in aqueous solution and on [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]–, a commercial MRI contrast agent. Isotropic hyperfine coupling constants can be calculated for 17O and 1H nuclear spins of water molecules in the first and second coordination sphere of Gd3+. It is also shown that the commonly used point‐dipole approximation for the dipolar interaction between the electron and the nuclear spin is in general valid for 1H spin but not for the directly bound 17O spin. The calculated quadrupole coupling parameters allow a direct determination of the rotational correlation time of complexes from the 17O nuclear spin relaxation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Complexation Properties of Allenic Bipyridines, a New Class of Axially Chiral Ligands for Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Löhr Sandra , Averbeck Jan , Schürmann Markus , Krause Norbert 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe allenic bipyridines 3, which represent a new class of axially chiral ligands for transition metal catalysis, were synthesized and their complexation properties were studied. The synthesis was achieved by copper‐mediated or palladium‐catalyzed SN2′‐substitution of the tertiary propargyl acetates 2. The allenic bipyridines form 1:1 complexes with Cu+ and Ag+ ions that were characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and temperature‐dependent NMR spectroscopy. In the case of the C2‐symmetrical allene 3b, a crystalline silver complex was isolated that exists as a 2:2‐(L2M2) complex in the solid state.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Small Steric Variations in Ligands with Large Synthetic and Structural Consequences
Authors: Qayyum Sadaf , Haberland Kristina , Forsyth Craig M. , Junk Peter C. , Deacon Glen B. , Kempe Rhett 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe reaction of ytterbium metal with the aminopyridines2,6‐(diisopropylphenyl)‐[6‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]amine (1, Ap′H) and (2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐[6‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]amine (2, ApMeH) at elevated temperature under vacuum in the presence of mercury gave rise to divalent [Yb(Ap′)2] (3) and trivalent [Yb(ApMe)3] (4), respectively. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of 3 revealed a four‐coordinate ytterbium atom with two chelating (N,N′) Ap′ ligands inclined to each other at an angle of 126.93(7)° (Cl–Yb–C26). Additionally the complex forms intermolecular CAryl–H agostic interactions [Yb1···C17 2.981(2) Å and Yb1···H17 2.56(3) Å] (all H atoms refined). Complex 4 contains a six‐coordinate ytterbium atom having three chelating (N,N′) ApMe ligands and has distorted octahedral stereochemistry. The reaction of the potassium salts of Ap′H (5) and ApMeH (6) with [YbI2 (thf)4] in thf gave rise to the divalent lanthanoid complexes [Yb(Ap′)2(thf)] (7), and [Yb(ApMe)2(thf)2] (8), respectively, and 7 was also obtained by redox transmetallation/ligand exchange from Yb metal, HgPh2 and Ap′H. X‐ray crystal structures show that 7 and 8 have five‐ and six‐coordinate ytterbium atoms and distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal and distorted octahedral stereochemistry, respectively, the difference in coordination number reflecting the difference in steric demand of the Ap′ and ApMe ligands.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Efficient Stereoselective Syntheses of Constrained Glutamates via Michael‐Induced Ring Closing Reactions
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: December 2007

AbstractZn‐chelated glycine ester enolates are highly efficient nucleophiles for the synthesis of conformationally constrained glutamates via domino sequences of Michael additions and subsequent ring closures (MIRC). This protocol allows the generation of 3–6‐membered ring systems in high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. Depending on the reaction conditions either carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems are obtained. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)