bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histo‐and Cytochemical Studies on the Distribution of Acetylcholinesterase‐positive Nerve Fibers in the Goat Adrenal Gland
Authors: Watanabe Tohru , Hiramatsu Kohzy , Ohmori Yasushige , Paik Young‐Ki 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe distribution patterns of acetylcholine esterase positive nerve fibers in the goat adrenal glandis described. Some positive cells are observed within the capsule. Terminals were identified in both the medulla and the cortex of the gland.
Binocular Dissecting Microscopic Studies on the Density of Toruli Tactile in the La Mancha Goat
Authors: Wakuri Hidekazu , Guinan Michael J. , Kitchell Ralph L. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe Merkel cells and associated nervous terminal plates have been called toruli tactiles (TT). These structures can be ubiquitously seen on the shaved hairy skin after staining with a methylene blue solution. Four La Mancha goats of both sexes were examined for the density of TT. TT were visually located under a binocular dissecting microscopic (14 ×) and then the number of TT in the field was directly counted. The density of TT in different corporal areas of the body surface was estimated from the mean of several two‐cm square samples of skin.The results obtained are as follows: The mean number per two‐cm square on the whole body surface ranged from 10.06–11.36 in the male specimen and from 12.98‐14.32 in the female specimen. The density of TT was rather high in the temporal and buccal areas, on the neck, chin and cranial breast, and on the lateral surface of the arm, thigh and leg. Density was moderate in the frontoparieto‐occipital area (female), on the loin and buttocks, in the upper costal, lower caudo‐costal, xiphoid‐umbilical and umbilical‐pubic areas, and on the lateral surface of the forearm. TT were absent or very few in number on the nose and chin, the scrotum, caudal‐pubic area of males, the udder, the vulva, and the digitorum manus et pedis.
Immunohistochemical Study of Peptide‐containing Nerves in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Japanese Field Vole, Microtus montebelli
Authors: Koide M. , Kitamura N. , Yamada J. , Yamashita T. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe distribution and relative frequency of nerves containing immunoreactivity for substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin‐releasing polypeptide (GRP), calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and menthionine‐enkephalin (MENK) were studied by immunohistochemistry in the gastrointestinal tract of the herbivorous Japanese field vole, Microtus montebelli.
Nachweis der hydrodynamisch wirkenden Tensulae in der Substantia spongiosa des Caput femoris bei Bos taurus und Ovis aries
Authors: Copf F. , Czarnetzki A. , Lierse W. , Dolenc A. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryEvidence of tissue (tensulae) that functions hydrodynamically in the spongy substance of the bovine and ovine femoral headThe authors show the presence of CC‐Tensulae in Bos taurus and Ovis aries. They define CC‐Tensulae as tense membranes in openings between the trabeculae of spongy bone. These structures were interpreted in man as a hydrodynamic subsystem which serves the flow and the impulses of mechanical forces. The authors point especially to the similarity that exists between their findings and what has been seen in man.
A New Light Microscopy Classification of Spermatogenesis in the Bull and the Boar Applicable to Tissues Processed for Electron Microscopy
Authors: Suswillo R. F. L. , Watson P. F. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA new light microscopy classification of spermatogenesis in the bull and the boar was formulated to be used in conjunction with electron microscopy. It uses information available from all cell types and allows for very small portions of testicular epithelium at any orientation to be evaluated. The classification devised, being simple in outline, allows for the natural overlap of cell types. Furthermore, it emphasises the direct comparability of the morphological events occurring during spermatogenesis in the bull and the boar.
Impact of day‐case gastroscopy on children and their families
Authors: Jimenez Susan G , Catto–Smith Anthony G 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Increasing numbers of endoscopies are being carried out in children. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the provision of information about the admission and procedure and the functional and economic impact of day‐case gastroscopy on children and their families.Methods:  We administered a structured questionnaire to families of children undergoing elective gastroscopy, with daily follow up by telephone over the next 3 days.Results:  One‐hundred‐and‐three children were recruited. All had seen a consultant gastroenterologist (usually the proceduralist) prior to the endoscopy, who had obtained signed consent; 89% of families remembered receiving an explanation from the doctor carrying out the procedure. Nearly all (94%) described the information they received as adequate. However, only one‐third of families recalled receiving an explanatory brochure and very few had toured the Day Surgical Unit or seen the complimentary video. Thirty percent were unhappy with the time spent at the Day Surgical Unit and an apparent failure to warn of possible delays, 8% felt that they were not given adequate information prior to discharge, and 39% of children failed to attend school the day after the procedure. Although tiredness or sleepiness was common, no correlation was found between the presence of symptoms and school absence. Complaints about the admission included overcrowding, lack of privacy, excessive noise, and failure to cater for adolescents. Fifty percent of parents took leave from work, but most manipulated work rosters and holidays so that costs to them and to the workplace were minimal.Conclusion:  Information provision about the procedure and admission appears to be adequate in most families of children undergoing day‐case gastroscopy, but may be improved in some areas. Failure to remember elements of the consent and explanatory process is common. Minor morbidity is also common after the procedure.
Detection and Quantification of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 (slCAM‐1) in the Serum and Urine of Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: Shi Bing Bing , Goya Nobuyuki , Okuda Hisashi , Ryoji Osamu , Nakazawa Hayakazu , Toma Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

Background: A possible role for intercellular adhesion molecules in tumor progression and metastasis has been strongly suggested. To investigate the effect of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (slCAM‐1) on bladder cancer, slCAM‐1 serum and urinary concentrations were measured in patients with superficial or invasive bladder cancer and in patients with prostatic hypertrophy. Methods: Serum and urine samples were obtained from 26 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (mean age, 66.8 years) and 14 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH; mean age, 70.5 years). Fifteen healthy volunteers served as control patients. Samples were collected before surgery and 5 days after surgery. The serum and urinary slCAM‐1 levels were measured by an ELISA. Results: The preoperative serum concentration of slCAM‐1 was significantly higher in patients with invasive bladder cancer (351.8 ±158.0 ng/mL)than in the healthy controls (233.1 ±96.1 ng/mL; P<0.05) or BPH patients (224.7 ± 80.5 ng/mL; P< 0.05). In addition, serum slCAM‐1 levels were significantly higher in patients with tumors greater than 3 cm in size (412.7 ± 147.6 ng/mL) than in patients with smaller tumors (246.6 ± 101.2 ng/mL; P<0.05). Urinary slCAM‐1 levels in patients with invasive bladder cancer were also significantly higher than in the patients with superficial cancer prior to surgery. Conclusion: Our results suggested that slCAM‐1 may play an important role in the progression of bladder cancer, and that elevated serum slCAM‐1 levels may be related to tumor size.
Value of the Free to Total Prostate Specific Antigen Ratio and Prostate Specific Antigen Density for Detecting Prostate Cancer in Japanese Patients
Authors: Maeda Hiroshi , Arai Yoichi , Okubo Kazutoshi , Aoki Yoshitaka , Okada Takashi , Maekawa Shinya 
Published: July 2007

Background: This study evaluated the free to total serum prostate specific antigen (f/t PSA) ratio and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) in detecting prostate cancer in Japanese males with a PSA level between 2.5 and 20.0 ng/mL in a community‐based urology practice. Methods: Twenty‐six patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and 44 patients with histologically‐proven benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were studied. The serum levels of free PSA (fPSA) and total (t) PSA were determined using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. The f/t PSA ratio was calculated by dividing the fPSA value by the total PSA value and was compared with the PSA and PSAD via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: Patients with prostate cancer had a significantly lower f/t PSA ratio than patients with BPH. The PSAD was a superior diagnostic tool over PSA (P < 0.01) when analyzed by ROC curves. The f/t PSA ratio was also superior to PSA, but lacked significance (P=0.12), and similarly, the PSAD was superior, but not significant, to the f/t PSA ratio. Using a cut‐off value of 0.1 9, the PSAD had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 82%. With a cut‐off value of 14.0%, the f/t PSA ratio had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 66%.Conclusion: This study showed that PSAD alone improved cancer detection significantly better than PSA. However, it is still unclear whether the f/t PSA ratio is superior to PSA or PSAD in the discrimination between BPH and prostate cancer in Japanese male patients.
Kidney Transplantation in Patients with Neurovesical Dysfunction
Authors: Chikaraishi Tatsuya , Nonomura Katsuya , Kakizaki Hidehiro , Seki Toshimori , Morita Ken , Takeuchi Ichiro , Yamashita Tetsufumi , Koyanagi Tomohiko 
Published: July 2007

Background: Five renal recipients with neurovesical dysfunction (NVD) were retrospectively reviewed focusing on anatomical and urodynamic abnormalities of the lower urinary tract and their management prior to kidney transplantation.Methods: The underlying anomalies in these 5 patients were a posterior urethral valve (1 with an imperforate anus; n = 2), meningomyelocele (n = 2) and a congenital short urethra with an imperforate anus (n = 1). Their urinary tracts were evaluated prior to transplantation with voiding cystourethrography, urethrocystoscopy, cystometrography and electromyography of the external urethral sphincter to identify a possible focus of urinary tract infection, urine storage and voiding function.Results: All 5 patients had NVD proven by urodynamic studies or by documentation of urinary retention in the absence of mechanical outlet obstruction. Bilateral high grade vesicoureteral reflux was noted in all patients, requiring ureteroneocystostomy. Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) was ultimately employed for bladder emptying in all patients. Two patients with poor bladder compliance underwent augmentation cystoplasty before transplantation. The Mitrofanoff procedure was used in 2 patients with structural urethral abnormalities to access the bladder for catheterization. After eradication of possible sources of infection and establishment of a low‐pressure urine storage system with bladder emptying by CIC, kidney transplantation was performed. Following kidney transplantation, all of the recipients were asymptomatic for urinary tract infections using CIC. Although 1 patient lost his graft due to chronic rejection, the other 4 other patients have good renal function.Conclusion: Kidney transplantation in patients with NVD can be performed provided that their urinary tract problems are properly resolved.
Differential Expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Papillary and Nodular Tumors of the Bladder
Authors: Li Benyi , Kanamaru Hiroshi , Noriki Sakon , Fukuda Masaru , Okada Kenichiro 
Published: July 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor (c‐met) during bladder tumorigenesis.Methods: HGF and c‐met expression were analyzed immunohistochemically in matched samples of normal, dysplastic, and carcinoma specimens from 49 human bladders resected at the time of radical cystectomy for nonmetastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). The tumors were composed of papillary (n = 22), nodular (n = 16) or mixed papillary and nodular (mixed; n = 11) components. Results: The normal urothelium showed no significant immunoreactivity to HGF. Expression of HGF was observed in 45.5%, 77.3% and 90.9% of specimens demonstrating mild, moderate, and severe dysplastic lesions adjacent to papillary TCCs, respectively, whereas all of the papillary TCC samples were positive for HGF. No immunoreactivity for HGF was found in dysplastic lesions from nodular tumors, and only 2 specimens had positive immunostainingfor HGF in the tumor areas (1 showed weak immunostainingand 1 showed HGF immunostainingonly in the deeper invasive compartment). Additionally, 3 nodular lesions taken from mixed tumors showed weak immunostaining for HGF while the concurrent papillary lesions were HGF‐positive. There was a significant difference of HGF immunoreactivity between papillary and nodular tumors (P < 0.01). c‐met immunostaining was consistently detected in all specimens. HGF and c‐met immunoreactivity did not significantly correlate with tumor stage and grade, nor with overall patient survival irrespective of the tumor growth pattern.Conclusion: These results suggest that HGF expression may play a significant role in the development of papillary TCC.
Preoperative Predictors for Organ‐Confined Disease in Japanese Patients with Stage T1c Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ogawa Osamu , Egawa Shin , Arai Yoichi , Tobisu Kenichi , Yoshida Osamu , Kato Tetsuro 
Published: July 2007

Background: In order to define the characteristics of patients with clinical stage T1c prostate cancer in Japan, clinicopathologic data obtained from patients treated by radical prostatectomy were reviewed. Methods: Fifty‐four stage T1 c cancers were evaluated for tumor volume, Cleason grade, tumor location and pathologic stage from prostatectomy specimens in association with preoperative clinical parameters. Results: The mean tumor volume was 3.94 mL (range, 0.07 to 33.4 mL), and 11 of the 54 tumors had a tumor volume of less than 0.5 mL. Thirty‐two tumors (59%) were organ‐confined, while 7(13%) involved the seminal vesicle and/or regional lymph nodes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the pretreatment variables, including age, pretreatment PSA level, prostate volume, biopsy grade, and number of cancer‐positive cores revealed that the serum PSA level and the number of cancer‐positive biopsy cores were independent factors to predict organ‐confined tumors (P= 0.036 and 0.044, respectively). For T1c cancer with less than 4 cancer‐positive biopsy cores, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting organ‐confined tumors were 90% and 70%, with a cut‐off value of 17 ng/mL for the serum PSA level. Conclusion: The clinicopathologic features of Tic prostate cancer in Japanese patients were similar to those of whites reported elsewhere. Both serum PSA levels and the number of positive biopsy cores may be useful as pretreatment parameters to identify patients with the potential to benefit from radical treatment.
Reduced Chlamydial Infection and Gonorrhea among Commercial Sex Workers in Fukuoka City, Japan
Authors: Tanaka Masatoshi , Nakayama Hiroshi , Sakumoto Misao , Takahashi Koichi , Nagafuji Tatsuo , Akazawa Kohei , Kumazawa Joichi 
Published: July 2007

Background: Until recently, epidemiologic studies of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) infection, amongjapanese female commercial sex workers and their patterns of condom use have been rare. We investigated trends in STDs among female commercial sex workers and their condom use patterns in Fukuoka, Japan, from 1990 through 1995. Methods: The study group consisted of 1218 female commercial sex workers who attended an STD clinic to undergo screening for major STDs including chlamydial infection, gonorrhea and HIV‐1 infection from 1990 through 1995. Endocervical smear specimens were taken from the women to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and blood samples were obtained for the serologic diagnosis of HIV‐1. Also, the commercial sex workers were interviewed concerning their condom use patterns. Results: The annual infection and detection rates of C. trachomatis declined significantly from 58.1 % in 1990 to 46.2% in 1995 and from 16.3% in 1990 to 10.0% in 1995, respectively, while the annual infection and detection rates of N. gonorrhoeae also declined significantly from 13.2% in 1990 to 3.5% in 1995 and from 1.5% in 1990 to 0.4% in 1995, respectively. None were found to be seropositive for HIV‐1 during the 6‐year period. The proportion of commercial sex workers using condoms significantly increased during 1992–1993 and 1994–1995 periods, as compared with the 1990–1991 period. Conclusion: Reductions in the prevalence of major STDs among female commercial sex workers may be related to an increase in the frequency of condom use.
Activation of the Ca2+‐Activated K+ Channel via Protein Kinase A‐Dependent Phosphorylation in Human Prostatic Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Kurokawa Yasushi , Kojima Keiji , Kanayama Hiro‐omi , Kagawa Susumu , Minami Kazushi , Nakaya Yutaka 
Published: July 2007

Background: We investigated the functional importance of the Ca2+‐activated K+ channel (KCa‐channel) of human prostatic smooth muscle cells in cyclic adenosine 3', 5'‐monophosphate (cAMP)‐induced relaxation, to clarify signal transduction pathways and intracellular mechanisms of relaxation in prostatic smooth muscle.Methods: Using the patch‐clamp technique, we characterized the KCa‐channel of cultured human prostatic smooth muscle cells. We also investigated the effects on the KCa‐channels of forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, amrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and protein kinase A (A‐kinase)‐dependent phosphorylation.Results: Single‐channel current recordings from cultured human prostatic smooth muscle cells revealed the presence of KCa‐channels (conductance 296.7±5.67 pS, n = 7). In cell‐attached patch configurations, the KCa‐channel was activated by forskolin (1CH mol/L) and amrinone (10−4 mol/L). In inside‐out patch configurations, it was activated by catalytic subunits of A‐kinase (10 U/mL).Conclusions: We conclude that the KCa‐channel of human prostatic smooth muscle cells is regulated by intracellular cAMP levels and that A‐kinase mediates the cAMP‐induced activation of the KCa‐channel. This regulation of the KCa‐channel by cAMP may at least partially explain cAMP‐induced prostatic smooth muscle relaxation and the effectiveness of certain drugs for treatment of obstruction in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Clinical and Histopathologic Examination of Renal Allografts Treated with Tacrolimus (FK506) for at Least One Year
Authors: Hatori Motoaki , Takahara Shiro , Kyo Masahiro , Kokado Yukito , Nagano Shunsuke , Okuyama Akihiko 
Published: July 2007

Background: We clinically and pathologically analyzed renal allografts from 19 renal transplant patients treated with tacrolimus (FK506) for more than 1 year. Methods: Twenty‐six renal allograft biopsy specimens from 19 renal transplant patients who underwent transplantations between 1991 and 1 993 were evaluated. Thirteen biopsies were performed from stable functioning renal allografts with informed consent (nonepisode biopsy) and the other 13 were from dysfunctional renal allografts with a clinical indication for biopsy (episode biopsy). Results: The main pathologic diagnoses (some overlap) were acute rejection (AR; n = 4), chronic rejection (CR;n = 5), AR + CR(n=4), recurrent IgA nephropathy (n = 5), normal findings (n = 2), minimal‐type chronic FK506 nephropathy (n = 9), and mild‐type FK506 nephropathy (n = 11). Of the nonepisode biopsies, 7 and 4 biopsies showed minimal‐type and mild‐type chronic FK506 nephropathy, respectively. Chronic FK506 nephropathy consisted of rough and foamy tubular vacuolization (5 biopsies), arteriolopathy (angio‐degeneration of the arteriolar wall; 20 biopsies), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (4 biopsies) and the striped form of interstitial fibrosis (11 biopsies). The serum creatinine levels of patients in the mild‐type chronic FK506 nephropathy group, which included 7 episode biopsies, were statistically higher than those in the minimum‐type chronic FK506‐nephropathy group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that chronic FK506 nephropathy consists primarily of arteriolopathy manifesting as insudative hyalinosis of the arteriolar wall, and suggests that mild‐type chronic FK506 nephropathy is a condition which may lead to deterioration of renal allograft function.
Long‐term Results of Definitive Treatment in Elderly Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kanamaru Hiroshi , Arai Yoichi , Moroi Seiji , Yoshida Hiroshi , Yoshimura Koji , Okada Kenichiro 
Published: July 2007

Background: The indication and effectiveness of definitive local treatment for prostate cancer in patients with a limited life expectancy remains to be established. This study is a retrospective analysis of the long‐term clinical outcome of elderly patients with localized prostate cancer treated by radiotherapy or a radical prostatectomy. Methods: From 1982 to 1992, 37 patients with localized prostate cancer, aged 70 years or older, were treated initially by a pelvic lymphadenectomy and then with either external radiotherapy (n = 1 7) or a radical retropubic prostatectomy (n = 20). Lymph node metastasis was negative in all the cases, and no patients received hormonal treatment after the lymphadenectomy. The outcome of all patients was evaluated in June 1997. Results: The 10‐year overall and relative survival rates for the radiotherapy group were 27% and 85%, which were not significantly different from the rates of patients in the prostatectomy group (38% and 74%, respectively). The 5‐year progression free rates for the radiotherapy group and the prostatectomy group were 63% and 95%, respectively (P= 0.06). Conclusion: In elderly patients with localized prostate cancer, the superiority of a radical prostatectomy over radiotherapy was not demonstrated in terms of either overall or relative survival rates, although the progression rate tended to be higher in patients in the radiotherapy group. The indication of definitive treatment in elderly patients should be further studied incorporating a quality of life assessment.