bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for smoking and substance misuse in pregnant women with mental illness
Authors: Shah Nisha , Howard Louise 
Published: August 2006

Aims and MethodSmoking and substance misuse adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy and psychiatric patients are known to smoke more than other patients. Data collected at the time of routine antenatal booking were analysed to investigate whether pregnant women with mental health problems smoke more than other pregnant women.ResultsData were collected from 156 women. Those with a psychiatric diagnosis (n=76) were significantly more likely to smoke (P<0.001). Associations were also found with illicit drug use and previous termination of pregnancy. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was depression (62%). A diagnosis of schizophrenia was not recorded for any of the women.Clinical ImplicationsThe strong association between smoking and psychiatric diagnosis results in an increased risk of obstetric complications in psychiatric patients. Anti-smoking interventions might be delivered by adequately trained midwives and opportunistically during contact with mental health professionals.
Visual acuity and reported eye problems among psychiatric in-patients
Authors: Punukollu Bhaskar , Phelan Michael 
Published: August 2006

Aims and MethodThe aim of this study was to examine visual problems among patients admitted to an inner city acute mental health unit. We measured visual acuity using a Snellen chart. Patients were also asked about perceived eye problems and access to services.ResultsOf 55 in-patients on five acute general adult wards at an inner city mental health unit over a 3-day period, 31 agreed to participate in the study. Twenty (65%) had impaired visual acuity and 19 (61%) had not been to an optician for 5 or more years. Seventeen patients (55%) reported experiencing difficulty with their eyesight. The main problems reported were blurring of vision and periorbital pain. Of these 17 patients, 15 (88%) had impaired visual acuity on Snellen testing. Half of those who had previously been prescribed glasses or contact lenses reported that they had been lost.Clinical ImplicationsVisual impairment appears to be another area of physical health which is underrecognised and undertreated in people with severe mental health problems. Although there are numerous issues that must be addressed by mental health staff, patients should be asked about eye problems and supported in accessing opticians.
Drug-related movement disorders: training experiences of psychiatrists
Authors: Kuruvilla Kompancariel , Sedano-Ruiz Jose Antonio , Ley Ann 
Published: August 2006

Aims and MethodA questionnaire was sent by post to 185 psychiatrists in Devon and Cornwall to investigate training in the assessment and management of drug-related movement disorders and current training needs.ResultsResponses were obtained from 143 psychiatrists (77%). Formal training was reported by 67 out of 140 (48%). Only 26 out of 142 (18%) had received formal training in the use of rating scales, which were rarely used. The mean level of satisfaction with training received was below the mid-point on a 5-point scale at 2.76 (s.d.=1.23). Mean levels of confidence in the assessment and management of drug-related movement disorders were just above mid-point at 3.25 (s.d.=1.04) and 3.16 (s.d.=0.99) respectively. Specific training was thought to be necessary by 135 out of 141 psychiatrists (96%) and there were high levels of interest in further training, particularly from those below consultant grade.Clinical ImplicationsDrug-related movement disorders affect patients' adherence to medication and their quality of life. Psychiatrists need more structured clinical training in assessing and managing these disorders in order to provide the best clinical care.
Results of Genoidentical Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With Reduced Intensity Conditioning for Acute Myelocytic Leukemia: Higher Doses of Stem Cells Infused Benefit Patients Receiving Transplants in Second Remission or Beyond—The Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Cooperative Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Gorin Norbert-Claude , Labopin Myriam , Boiron Jean-Michel , Theorin Niklas , Littlewood Tim , Slavin Shimon , Greinix Hildegard , Cahn Jean Yves , Alessandrino E. Paolo , Rambaldi Alessandro , Nagler Arnon , Polge Emmanuelle , Rocha Vanderson 
Published: August 2006

Purpose Nucleated cell dose is an important and modifiable factor in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), however its association with outcomes in the context of reduced intensity conditioning regimen (RIC) HSCT for adults with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) is not known. Patients and Methods From 1998 to 2003, 253 patients with de novo AML, received transplants with RIC and peripheral blood from a genoidentical donor. Median age was 55 years (range, 18 to 72) and the median follow-up was 17 months (range, 2 to 67). One hundred forty one patients received transplants in first remission (CR1), 47 received transplants in second remission (CR2), and 65 patients received transplants in a more advanced phase. Fludarabin-based RIC was used in 91% of patients and low-dose (< 4 Gy) total-body radiation in 23% of patients. The median nucleated and CD34 cell dose infused were 9.1× 108/kg and 5.8× 106/kg, respectively. Results Overall, 2-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 41% ± 4% and it was 46% ± 5% for patients receiving a higher cell dose (> 9.1× 108/kg) and 37% ± 5% for the remainders (P = .03). Higher cell doses exclusively benefited patients who received transplantations in CR2 or beyond, with LFS of 47 ± 8 versus 20 ± 8, with no detectable effect for patients who received transplants in CR1. In a multivariate analysis of the overall patient population, higher nucleated cell dose cells were associated with higher LFS (P = .04), higher incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (P = .01), and there was a trend towards a lower relapse incidence (P = .06). Interestingly, CD34+ cell dose was not associated with any outcomes. Conclusion Nucleated cell dose is an important factor that can be modified to improve results of RIC for patients with AML transplanted later than in CR1.
Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of the Formation and Catalytic Activity of Nd2O3
Authors: Hussein Gamal Abdel-Halim Mohamed , Ismail Hamdy Mahmoud 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Nd2O3 catalyst was obtained as a final product of the thermal decomposition of Nd(CH3COO)3·2H2O. The decomposition processes up to 800 °C were characterized by means of TG, DTA, XRD, and IR spectroscopy of the gas and solid phase products. The activation energy values were determined non-isothermally for thermal events involved in the decomposition course. The results indicate that Nd(AcO)3 is completely decomposed to Nd2O3 at 670 °C through five different intermediates; Nd(OH)(CH3COO)2 at 310 °C, NdO(CH3COO) at 320 °C, Nd2(CO3)3 at 350 °C, Nd2O(CO3)2 at 385 °C, and Nd2O2(CO3) at 410 °C. The oxide, Nd2O3, obtained at 800 °C possesses higher surface area (30 m2 g−1) than that obtained at 1000 °C (10 m2 g−1).
Thus, the oxide obtained at 800 °C was tested qualitatively and quantitatively as a catalyst towards the decomposition of 2-propanol at 100—400 °C by IR-spectroscopy. The results indicate that Nd2O3 catalyses 2-propanol dehydrogenation (forming acetone) at &lt; 300 °C and dehydration (forming propene) at &gt; 250 °C. At &gt; 350°C, acetone was involved in a secondary surface reaction, presumably with the surface hydroxyl groups, to give CH4 and CO2 in the gas phase.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Liquid Ammonia and an Evaluation of the Thermodynamic Properties. The Comparative Study of NH3, H2O, and HF
Authors: Honda Kazuhiko , Kitaura Kazuo , Nishimoto Kichisuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was done for liquid ammonia using the potential function expressed by the intermolecular overlap integrals and fractional point charges on the atoms. Thermodynamic properties were estimated using a partition function whose parameters are obtained by referring the results of the MC simulation. The calculated thermodynamic properties were examined by the physically meaningful interaction terms. A comparative study with NH3, H2O, and HF was done and a new index proposed to characterize the liquid with hydrogen bondings.
Study of Hydration and Ionization of Nitric Acid in Benzene
Authors: Naganawa Hirochika , Tachimori Shoichi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The hydration and ionization of nitric acid in benzene were examined at 298 K. The distribution of nitric acid and of water between aqueous solutions and benzene were determined as functions of water activity in the aqueous phase. Two hydrates, mono- and decahydrate, were found in addition to the anhydride in the organic phase by analyzing the distribution data on the basis of the stoichiometry of the acid hydration. The mono- and decahydrate were ascribed to molecular and ionized nitric acid, respectively, by means of spectrophotometry of the organic phase. By the analyses of the absorption spectra and the distribution data, the ionization of nitric acid by water in benzene was clarified and the equilibrium constant was determined.
Effect of Some d-Transition Metal Complexes of Salen-Type Ligands and Acetylacetone on Fluorescence of Europium(III) and Terbium(III)
Authors: Sakamoto Masatomi , Yamamoto Koji , Matsumoto Akira , Nishida Yuzo , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Fluorescence spectra of europium(III) and terbium(III) have been measured in methanolic solutions containing various amounts of [M(salen)] (M = Cu(II), Ni(II)), [Cr(salen)(H2O)2]Cl, [M(saltn)] (M = Cu(II), Ni(II)), [Cu(acacen)], [M(acac)2] (M = Cu(II), VIVO), [M(acac)3] (M = Cr(III), Co(III)), or [Ni(acac)2(H2O)2]. Our purpose was to investigate the influence of these metal complexes on the fluorescence of Eu(III) and Tb(III), where H2salen, H2saltn, H2acacen, and Hacac stand for N,N′ -bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine, N,N′ -bis(1-methyl-3-oxobutylidene)ethylenediamine, and acetylacetone, respectively. The fluorescence intensities of both Eu(III) and Tb(III) decreased with increasing the concentration of [M(salen)] (M = Cu, Ni), [Cr(salen)(H2O)2]Cl, [M(saltn)] (M = Cu, Ni), [Cu(acacen)], and [M(acac)3] (M = Cr, Co), whereas it was little affected by simple metal salts. The intensity of Tb(III) increased up to the addition of a given amount of [M(acac)2] (M = Cu, VO) or [Ni(acac)2(H2O)2] and then decreased on further addition, whereas the intensity of Eu(III) decreased gradually by the addition of these acetylacetonate complexes. These results are explained by the formation of heteronuclear complex species and by the stabilities of acetylacetonate complexes.
Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study of Subtilisins as Relevant to Their Catalytic Activity in Aqueous–Organic Media
Authors: Kijima Tatsuro , Yamamoto Shinji , Kise Hideo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The fluorescence spectra of subtilisin Carlsberg (STC) and subtilisin BPN′ (STB) were measured in aqueous–organic mixed solvents over a wide range of solvent composition. The tryptophan fluorophores were used as probes of the environmental polarity, and the structural changes of the enzymes were detected as changes of the difference in the emission wavelength between the enzymes and N-acetyl-l-tryptophan ethyl ester (Δλem). It was found that Δλem was well correlated with the catalytic activity of the enzymes, as expressed by the hydrolysis rate of N-acetyl-l-tyrosine ethyl ester. For example, the characteristic dependency of the activity of STC on the solvent composition in acetonitrile–water was closely related to the change in Δλem. Similar correlations between Δλem and the catalytic activity were observed for subtilisins in aqueous 1,4-dioxane, THF, DMF, DMA, and DMSO solutions with high correlation coefficients, except for STB in water–DMF and –DMA. The results are discussed in terms of the structural modification of the enzymes in these aqueous–organic media.
Convenient Synthesis of 4-Methylene-2-oxazolidinones and 4-Methylenetetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-ones via Transition-Metal Catalyzed Intramolecular Addition of Nitrogen Atom to Acetylenic Triple Bond
Authors: Tamaru Yoshinao , Kimura Masanari , Tanaka Shuji , Kure Sigeru , Yoshida Zen-ichi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
2-Propynyl tosylcarbamates 1 undergo cyclization smoothly by the catalysis of CuCl/Et3N or AgNCO/Et3N to furnish 4-methylene-2-oxazolidinones 2 in good yields. The similar cyclization of the N-acyl derivatives of 1 (PhCO, MeCO, EtOCO, etc.) is catalyzed effectively by AgNCO/t-BuOK. These reactions accommodate a variety of substituents at C1 and C3 of 2-propyn-1-ol and provide (Z)-2 as single stereoisomers. The scope of the cyclization of 3-butynyl carbamates is rather limited, and in general only N-tosyl derivatives of terminally unsubstituted 3-butyn-1-ols undergo cyclization to give 4-methylenetetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-ones in synthetically useful yields by the catalysis of AgNCO/Et3N or AgNCO/t-BuOK.
Ultrasonic Relaxation Associated with Solute–Solvent Interaction in an Aqueous Solution of 5-Methoxy-1-pentanol
Authors: Nishikawa Sadakatsu , Kuramoto Naoki , Uchiyama Tomoko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
After 5-methoxy-1-pentanol was synthesized, the sound velocity, density, and ultrasonic absorption coefficients in the frequency range from 7.5 to 220 MHz were measured in aqueous solutions at 25 °C. The sound velocity and density were reported in terms of the polynomials as a function of the analytical concentration. The absorption could be described approximately by a single Debye-type relaxational equation in the 2.00 and 5.00 mol dm−3 range. The cause of the relaxation was attributed to a perturbation of an equilibrium associated with an interaction between the solute and the solvent; the rate and thermodynamic constants were determined. The results are discussed by comparing them with those previously reported in relation to the water structure.
The Change of Diamagnetic Susceptibility and the Thermodynamic Data due to Hydrogen Bonding between 2-Propanol and Various Hydrogen Acceptors
Authors: Takahashi Fujio , Sakai Yasuzo , Nakazawa Yoshinori , Mizutani Yohsuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The diamagnetic susceptibility and the equilibrium constants were determined for systems of 2-propanol and various kinds of hydrogen acceptors. Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N, N-dimethylacetamide were used as hydrogen acceptors. The diamagnetic susceptibility of 2-propanol without self-association was estimated to be −41.7 × 10−6 cm3 mol−1 from the results for mixtures of 2-propanol and carbon tetrachloride. Then the sum of the diamagnetic susceptibilities of both a hydrogen acceptor and 2-propanol without self-association was calculated. From the differences between experimental results and calculated values, the changes of diamagnetic susceptibility (ΔχM) due to hydrogen bonding were estimated to be in the region of 9.0—13.5 × 10−6 cm3 mol−1. ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG due to hydrogen bonding were determined. ΔχM seemed to be related to ΔS and ΔG. On the other hand, ΔH was −17.9—18.7 kJ mol−1, and it seemed not to be related to ΔχM.
μ-Peroxo Dicobalt Complexes Containing an Unsymmetrical Dinucleating Ligand : Synthesis, Characterization, and Oxygen Affinity
Authors: Kayatani Takayuki , Hayashi Yoshihito , Suzuki Masatatsu , Uehara Akira 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A new unsymmetric dinucleating ligand, Htpdb (Htpdb = 1,4-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]-2-butanol), was synthesized. This is a hybrid of Htpdp (1,3-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]-2-propanol) and Htmdp (1,5-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]-3-pentanol). Its dinuclear cobalt(II,II) complexes, [Co2(tpdb)(RCOO)](ClO4)2·nH2O (RCOO = CH3COO (1) and C6H5COO (2)), were prepared. Their electronic spectra indicate that 1 and 2 have a five-coordinate structure with a bridging carboxylato group. The complexes reacted reversibly with molecular oxygen in acetonitrile to form dioxygen complexes [Co2(tpdb)(RCOO)(O2)]2+. The structure of a dioxygen complex [Co2(tpdb)(CH3COO)(O2)](PF6)2·CH3CN·0.5H2O (3) was determined by X-ray crystallography. 3 cystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pmn21 with a = 23.034 (6), b = 17.352 (2), c = 10.355 (2) Å, and Z = 4. Two cobalt atoms are triply bridged by dioxygen, acetato, and alkoxo groups. Two cobalt atoms are triply bridged by dioxygen, acetato, and alkoxo groups. P(O2)1/2 of 1 is 720 Torr in acetonitrile at 20 °C; this value is in between those of the corresponding tpdp and tmdp complexes. The bridging skeleton of the dinucleating ligands contributes significantly to the oxygen affinities of the complexes. The complex 2, [Co2(tpdb)(C6H5COO)]2+, underwent an oxidative degradation in methanol–water mixture (1 : 1) in the presence of C6H5COONa to produce a dinuclear mixed valence complex [Co2(tpdb)(C6H5COO)2](ClO4)2·H2O (4).
Thermodynamic Study of Formation Reactions of Mercury(II) Complexes with Polyamino Polycarboxylic Macrocycles
Authors: Kodama Mutsuo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
We have investigated the equilibria of complex formation reactions of mercury(II) ions with polyamino polycarboxylic macrocycles: DOTA (H4dota, H4L), TETA (H4teta, H4L), PEPA (H5pepa, H5L), and HEHA (H6heha, H6L) by employing a polarographic method. Under the experimental conditions employed, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-amine macrocycles: TETA, PEPA, and HEHA, were found to form 1 : 1 ratio protonated complexes as well as normal complexes, while the other tetra-amine macrocycle, DOTA, forms solely a 1 : 1 ratio normal complex, HgL2−. Measurement of thermodynamic parameters, ΔH and ΔS, showed that the introduction of acetate groups into the polyaza frame gives rise to a greater increase in the entropy of reaction, but produces a less exothermic effect.
Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Homoleptic Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing Pyrimidine-2-thionate and Its Derivatives
Authors: Yamanari Kazuaki , Dogi Shozo , Okusako Kensen , Fujihara Takashi , Fuyuhiro Akira , Kaizaki Sumio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A room-temperature reaction of Co(CH3CO2)2·4H2O with pyrimidine-2-thione (Hpymt), or eight kinds of their derivatives (mole ratio = 1 : 2.8—3.0) in methanol, was carried out in air. It was found that the substituent group at a 4-position in the pymt skeleton governs the product. The pymt and its derivatives, having an alkyl or an amino group as the 4-substituent, gave tris-type cobalt(III) complexes mer-[Co(N-S)3] in good yields. On the other hand, the 2-thiouracil derivatives, having an oxygen or a sulfur atom as the 4-substituent, produced only bis-type cobalt(II) complexes [Co(N-S)2]. Such different ligand behavior concerns the different electronic structures of the pyrimidine rings. The presence of three linkage isomers in mer-[Co(4-methyl-pymt)3] has been confirmed by 59Co NMR spectroscopy, and an important role of the CH···π attractive interaction has been found.
Effects of Substrate Structure on Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification of ω-Substituted 1-Alkanols in Organic Solvents
Authors: Nakamura Kaoru , Kawasaki Masashi , Ohno Atsuyoshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed transesterifications of ω-phenyl-1-alkanols with vinyl acetate in organic solvents have been investigated. Benzyl alcohol is the most reactive substrate among those studied. It is proposed that a lipase form Pseudomonas cepacia (PCL) has a domain to attract an aromatic moiety of a substrate.
A Manganese(III) Complex with 1-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-(salicylideneamino)ethane
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Takebayashi Haruyuki , Matsunami Ken 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A meridional manganese(III) complex with tridentate 1-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-(salicylideneamino)ethane (H2L6-5-5), [Mn(HL6-5-5)2]Br, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility. The manganese atom is coordinated in an elongated octahedral environment.
The Role of Surfactants in Achieving Highly Loaded Aqueous Suspensions of Organic Particles
Authors: Ogura Tsugitoshi , Tanoura Masazumi , Tatsuhara Kiyoshi , Hiraki Akio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The behaviors and roles of anionic surfactants in highly loaded aqueous suspensions of carbon black were investigated in order to clarify how they increase the achievable concentration while maintaining the apparent viscosity of a suspension. In a suspension, organic particles and the water bound to them define the effective volume of the solid particles, which determines the relative viscosity, as formulated by the Brinkman equation. The surfactant was found to be adsorbed on the organic particles, decreasing the amount of bound water, as measured by 1H NMR. The result of the study was that a surfactant in a highly-loaded aqueous suspension plays the following three roles at the same time: (Role-1) The decrease in the bound water due to the surfactant allows an increase in the achievable solid concentration at a fixed viscosity by decreasing the effective volume fraction of solids in a suspension. (Role-2) The adsorption of the surfactant was also found to be necessary to inhibit the aggregation of dispersed particles; if, however, the amount of surfactant is insufficient, aggregation can occur even with mechanical stirring, owing to a hydrophobic interaction among the particles. (Role-3) The surfactant influences the viscosity of the suspension through the “k” factor of the Brinkman equation. Surfactants with larger molecules were found to give a larger k value, thus increasing the viscosity, probably because of their effects on the interactions between the dispersed particles.
Effects of Pressure and Solvent on the Thermal Isomerization of Mercury and Silver Dithizonates
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Mukai Tatsuhiko , Matsumoto Kazumi , Yamamoto Shunzo , Nishimura Norio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The thermal isomerizations of mercury and silver dithizonates (Hg(HDz)2 and Ag(HDz)) were followed spectrophotometrically at high pressures and in various solvents. From the pressure dependence of the rate, the activation volumes for the isomerization of Hg(HDz)2 in aprotic solvents were estimated to be about 6 cm3 mol−1, and were compared with those for Ag(HDz). The observed positive values of the activation volumes have been explained in terms of the increase in the intrinsic volume accompanying the isomerization of dithizone. Based on these results, a possible structure of the transition state for the thermal isomerization of Hg(HDz)2 in aprotic solvents was proposed. Moreover, we have followed the thermal isomerization of Hg(HDz)2 in various types of alcohols at low temperatures. The results in alcohols are discussed in terms of solvent hydrogen-bonding ability, and a reaction mechanism is proposed.
Structure and Physical Properties of (EP-TTP)2Au(CN)2
Authors: Mori Takehiko , Misaki Yohji , Yamabe Tokio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The title organic charge transfer salt, where EP-TTP is 2-(4,5-ethylenedithio-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-5(4,5-trimethylenedithio-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene, has so-called β-type donor arrangement, but the Fermi surface is basically one-dimensional. This salt exhibits metallic conductivity down to 0.7 K. The thermoelectric power and ESR show simple metal-like behavior.