bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional documentation of wound healing: First results of a new objective method for measurement
Authors: Körber Andreas , Rietkötter Jost , Grabbe Stephan , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: September 2006

Summary Background: The objective assessment of wound healing is one essential parameter of quality assurance in a modern chronic wound management program. In the past assessment has been based exclusively on a two‐dimensional measurement of the wound surface with planimetry or digital photo documentation in combination with such measurements. An objective method for measuring the volume of chronic wounds has not yet been available. Patients and Methods: In cooperation with the company RSI, we linked digital photography, optical raster by means of digital scanner, and picture processing software (DigiSkin®) for an exact three‐dimensional image of chronic wounds. The generated point clouds allow the visual, computer‐assisted three‐dimensional quantification and can document the course of healing of chronic wounds. Results: In comparison to currently available systems, our new method makes possible the objective measurement of volume changes and wound healing course in chronic wounds.We demonstrate the utility of the system in reference to three patients with chronic venous leg ulcers. Conclusions: Using this new, objective three‐dimensional wound measurement system,it is possible to reliably quantify changes in wound healing for the first time. Future clinical studies have a new option for the gathering of data which will facilitate evidenced‐based conclusions.
EFFECT OF RIPENING TEMPERATURE ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE‐STYLE SAUSAGES
Authors: TAN F.J. , HSU K.C. , OCKERMAN H.W. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT After drying, Chinese‐style sausages were ripened at 12, 15 or 18C with 85% relative humidity for 0, 5 and 10 days. The moisture contents of the sausage samples for the 12C ripening group increased after 10 days of ripening, while the 15 and 18C ripening group samples remained the same. The samples' pH values significantly decreased with storage time, and the samples ripened at 18C had significantly lower pH of 5.70 and a higher pH reduction of 1.34‐pH unit compared with the other two groups after 10‐day ripening. No significant difference of L*, a* and b* values of the sausages occurred among the three treatments during 10 days of ripening. After the 10‐day ripening, only total plate count of the 12C samples met a standard set by a local sanitary authority, which was ≤3 × 106 cfu/g.
OXYGEN SCAVENGER EFFECT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF METMYOGLOBIN ON BEEFSTEAKS DURING EARLY LOW‐OXYGEN STORAGE
Authors: BEGGAN M. , ALLEN P. , BUTLER F. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT Changes in color and metmyoglobin fraction on the surface of M. longissimus lumborum (LL), M. semimembranosus (Sm) and M. psoas major (PM) steaks were assessed during a 1‐week storage under an ultra‐low‐oxygen atmosphere (with/without an oxygen scavenger). Sm and PM muscles had a redder and more highly saturated color than the LL muscle throughout the storage period. LL steaks had lower percentage metmyoglobin and oxymyoglobin, and higher percentage deoxymyoglobin than Sm and PM steaks. These differences were present from the time of packing. A significantly higher percentage of metmyoglobin formed on all muscles stored without an oxygen scavenger between 72 and 168 h compared with muscles stored with an oxygen scavenger (P < 0.05). The additional metmyoglobin formation on steaks stored without an oxygen scavenger, suggests that differences in headspace composition existed, however, these differences were not detected by the gas chromatography method used in this experiment.
EFFECT OF MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN ISOFORMS ON MUSCLE FIBER CHARACTERISTICS AND MEAT QUALITY IN PORCINE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE
Authors: CHOI Y.M. , RYU Y.C. , KIM B.C. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms on the muscle fiber characteristics, protein denaturation and meat quality in the porcine longissimus muscle. MHC 1 isoform content showed a higher correlation with the number and area (r = 0.74 − 0.77) percentage of fiber type I than other isoforms. The low group, categorized by low MHC 1 isoform content, had a lower pH45min, a paler surface and a higher drip loss than the high group. Moreover, the MHC 1 isoform content showed a positive correlation with the level of protein solubility (r = 0.42 − 0.45). These results suggest that the contents of the MHC isoforms affect the biochemical characteristics of the muscles and pork quality. Therefore, the contents of the MHC isoforms, particularly MHC 1 isoform, are a useful parameter for examining the variation in protein denaturation and meat quality.
EFFECT OF FREEZING, EXPOSURE TO ENHANCEMENT SOLUTION AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE ON PORK BONE DISCOLORATION
Authors: NICOLALDE C. , STETZER A.J. , TUCKER E. , MCKEITH F.K. , BREWER M.S. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop a model system to evaluate the effects of freezing, exposure to enhancement solution and modified atmosphere on discoloration of pork rib bones. Bones were removed from carcasses, split along the transverse plane, then frozen (−20C) or held at 4C for 24 h. Half of each temperature pretreatment group was exposed to a 4% phosphate/4% NaCl enhancement solution, while half served as controls. Samples were packaged in modified atmosphere packaging (80% O2/20% CO2) or air and displayed in a retail case (4C, 24 h). Visual discoloration occurred during the first 10 h of display; additional visual darkening (brown, green/black) occurred in previously frozen samples, while refrigerated samples remained redder. After 24 h, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*, a* and b* values indicated that previously frozen samples were darker and less red. The frozen samples contained more methemoglobin per gram of protein than those that had never been frozen.
Quality and Quantity of Saliva DNA Obtained from the Self-administrated Oragene Method—A Pilot Study on the Cohort of Swedish Men
Authors: Rylander-Rudqvist Tove , Håkansson Niclas , Tybring Gunnel , Wolk Alicja 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Self-collection of saliva has the potential to provide molecular epidemiologic studies with DNA in a user-friendly way. We evaluated the new Oragene saliva collection method and requested saliva samples by mail from 611 men (ages 53-87 years). We obtained a response rate of, on average, 80% [varying from 89% (ages 67-71 years) to 71% (ages 77-87 years)]. DNA was extracted from 90 randomly selected samples, and its usefulness was evaluated with respect to quality, quantity, and whole-genome amplification (WGA). Visual inspection of DNA on agarose gels showed high molecular weight DNA (&gt;23 kb) and no degradation. Total DNA yield measured with PicoGreen ranged from 1.2 to 169.7 μg, with a mean of 40.3 μg (SD, 36.5 μg) and a median of 29.4 μg. Human DNA yield was estimated by real-time PCR of the human prothrombin gene to account for 68% (SD, 20%) of total DNA. We did WGA on 81 saliva DNA samples by using the GenomiPhi DNA kit and genotyped both saliva DNA and WGA DNA for 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms randomly selected from the human genome. Overall genotyping success rate was 96% for saliva DNA and 95% for WGA DNA; 79% of saliva DNA samples and 79% of WGA DNA samples were successfully genotyped for all 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. For the 10 specific assays, the success rates ranged between 88% and 100%. Almost complete genotypic concordance (99.7%) was observed between saliva DNA and WGA DNA. In conclusion, Oragene saliva DNA in this study collected from men is of high quality and can be used as an alternative to blood DNA in molecular epidemiologic studies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(9):1742–5)
Prevalence of Fragile Histidine Triad Expression in Tumors from Saudi Arabia: A Tissue Microarray Analysis
Authors: Bavi Prashant , Jehan Zeenath , Atizado Valerie , Al-Dossari Hassan , Al-Dayel Fouad , Tulbah Asmah , Amr Samir S. , Sheikh Salwa S. , Ezzat Adnan , El-Solh Hassan , Uddin Shahab , Al-Kuraya Khawla 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Aim: The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene was discovered and proposed as a tumor suppressor gene for most human cancers. It encodes the most active common human chromosomal fragile region, FRA3B. We studied the prevalence of loss of FHIT expression in various tumors and correlated its loss with various clinicopathologic features.
Methods: To determine whether the absence of FHIT expression correlates with clinical variables such as grade, stage, and survival time, we assessed FHIT expression using immunohistochemistry. More than 1,800 tumors from more than 75 tumor categories were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format.
Results: Loss of FHIT expression ranged from 19% in ovarian tumors to 67% in lung cancers. Clinical and pathologic features like grade, stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis showed correlation with loss of FHIT expression in some tumors. No difference was seen in the survival patterns and loss of FHIT expression in any of the tumor groups studied.
Conclusions: Loss of FHIT expression is an ubiquitous event in the multistep, multifactorial carcinogenesis process. FHIT may be altered at different stages in different types of cancers. Most of the tumors with a wider prevalence of loss of FHIT expression as an early event show a correlation with clinicopathologic features. However, in some of the tumors, FHIT expression is lost as a late event and is only seen in a fraction of the tumors. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(9):1708–18)
Serum Heat Shock Protein 70 Levels and Lung Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study Nested in a Large Cohort Study
Authors: Suzuki Koji , Ito Yoshinori , Wakai Kenji , Kawado Miyuki , Hashimoto Shuji , Seki Nao , Ando Masahiko , Nishino Yoshikazu , Kondo Takaaki , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Ozasa Kotaro , Inoue Takashi , Tamakoshi Akiko ,   for the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study Group
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to the process of carcinogenesis, but few epidemiologic studies have examined associations with risk of lung cancer. Relationships between lung cancer risk and serum levels of both heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were investigated in a case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk. Serum samples and lifestyle information were collected at baseline from 39,242 men and women between 1988 and 1990. Of these, 240 deaths from lung cancer were identified through 1999, and 569 controls were matched for sex, age, and study area. Serum levels were measured in 189 cases and 377 controls for Hsp70 and in 209 cases and 425 controls for hsCRP. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) across quartiles, adjusted for confounding factors, including smoking habits, were 0.83 (0.44-1.58), 1.41 (0.77-2.60), and 1.84 (0.92-3.71) for Hsp70 (Ptrend = 0.042) and 1.13 (0.67-1.91), 0.66 (0.38-1.16), and 1.19 (0.70-2.02) for hsCRP (Ptrend = 0.941). In males, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) across quartiles were 1.30 (0.59-2.84), 1.74 (0.83-3.67), and 2.49 (1.06-5.85) for Hsp70 (Ptrend = 0.029). High levels of serum Hsp70 might thus be associated with increased risk of lung cancer among Japanese males, although further studies are needed to clarify associations between chronic inflammation and lung cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(9):1733–7)
Metabolic Gene Variants and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: De Roos Anneclaire J. , Gold Laura S. , Wang Sophia , Hartge Patricia , Cerhan James R. , Cozen Wendy , Yeager Meredith , Chanock Stephen , Rothman Nathaniel , Severson Richard K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGenes involved in metabolism of environmental chemical exposures exhibit sequence variability that may mediate the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We evaluated associations between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 15 variants in AHR, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C9, CYP2E1, GSTP1, GSTM3, EPHX1, NQO1, and PON1. Cases were identified from four Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries in the United States, and population-based controls were identified through random-digit dialing and Medicare eligibility files. Metabolic gene variants were characterized for the 1,172 (89% of total) cases and 982 (93%) controls who provided biological samples for genotyping. Subjects who were heterozygous or homozygous for the cytochrome P450 gene variant CYP1B1 V432L G allele were at slightly greater risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [odds ratio (OR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.97-1.65]; these results were consistent across B-cell lymphoma subtypes and among both non-Hispanic White and Black subjects, although not statistically significant. The CYP2E1 −1054T allele was associated with decreased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (CT and TT genotypes combined OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.93), and this pattern was observed among all histologic subtypes. The numbers of cases of particular subtypes were rather small for stable estimates, but we noted that the PON1 L55M AA allele, associated with slightly increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (variant homozygotes OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.96-1.95), was most strongly associated with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma, with ORs for variant homozygotes of 2.12 and 2.93, respectively. There was no overall association with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for the other gene variants we examined. The modest effects we observed may reflect the context of exposures within the general population represented in our study. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(9):1647–53)
Chronic hypoxia promotes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α–dependent resistance to etoposide and vincristine in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Hussein Deema , Estlin Edward J. , Dive Caroline , Makin Guy W.J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHypoxia is widespread in solid tumors as a consequence of poorly structured tumor-derived neovasculature. Direct measurement of low oxygen levels in a range of adult tumor types has correlated tumor hypoxia with advanced stage, poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and poor prognosis. Little is known about the importance of hypoxia in pediatric tumors; therefore, we evaluated the effects of hypoxia on the response of the neuroblastoma cell lines SH-EP1 and SH-SY5Y to the clinically relevant drugs, vincristine, etoposide, and cisplatin. Short periods of hypoxia (1% O2) of up to 16 hours had no effect on drug-induced apoptosis or clonogenic survival. Prolonged hypoxia of 1 to 7 days leads to reduction in vincristine- and etoposide-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y and SH-EP1 cells, and this was reflected in increased clonogenic survival under these conditions. Neither short-term nor prolonged hypoxia had any effect on the clonogenic response to cisplatin in SH-SY5Y cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) α was stabilized in these cell lines within 2 hours of hypoxia but was no longer detectable beyond 48 hours of hypoxia. Up-regulation of carbonic anhydrase IX showed HIF-1α to be transcriptionally active. Down-regulation of HIF-1α by short hairpin RNA interference and the small-molecule 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole reduced hypoxia-induced drug resistance. These results suggest that prolonged hypoxia leads to resistance to clinically relevant drugs in neuroblastoma and that therapies aimed at inhibiting HIF-1α function may be useful in overcoming drug resistance in this tumor. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(9):2241–50]
Novel insights in the regulation of CCL18 secretion by monocytes and dendritic cells via cytokines, Toll-like receptors and rheumatoid synovial fluid
Authors: van Lieshout Antoine WT , van der Voort Robbert , le Blanc Linda MP , Roelofs Mieke F , Schreurs B Willem , van Riel Piet LCM , Adema Gosse J , Radstake Timothy RDJ 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe T cell attracting chemokine CCL18 is produced by antigen presenting cells and a role for CCL18 has been suggested in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of these conditions, in which abundant CCL18 production is present. Although Th2 cytokines and IL-10 are known to have an effect on CCL18 production, there are several gaps in our knowledge regarding the exact regulation of CCL18 secretion, both in general and in RA. In this study we provide new insights in the regulation of CCL18 secretion by monocytes and dendritic cells.ResultsIn contrast to a large panel of pro-inflammatory stimuli (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IFN-γ), T cell mimicking molecules (RANKL, CD40L) or TLR driven maturation, the anti-inflammatory IL-10 strongly stimulated DC to secrete CCL18. On freshly isolated monocytes, CCL18 secretion was induced by IL-4 and IL-13, in strong synergy with IL-10. This synergistic effect could already be observed after only 24 hours, indicating that not only macrophages and dendritic cells, but also monocytes secrete CCL18 under these stimulatory conditions. A high CCL18 expression was detected in RA synovial tissue and incubation of monocytes with synovial fluid from RA patients clearly enhanced the effects of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10. Surprisingly, the effect of synovial fluid was not driven by IL-10 of IL-13, suggesting the presence of another CCL18 inducing factor in synovial fluid.ConclusionIn summary, IL-10 synergistically induces CCL18 secretion in combination with IL-4 of IL-13 on monocytes and monocyte derived cells. The effects of IL-14, IL-13 and IL-10 are strongly enhanced by synovial fluid. This synergy may contribute to the high CCL18 expression in RA.
Conducting research in individual patients: lessons learnt from two series of N-of-1 trials
Authors: Wegman Anke CM , van der Windt Daniëlle AWM , Stalman Wim AB , de Vries Theo PGM 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
Double-blind randomised N-of-1 trials (N-of-1 trials) may help with decisions concerning treatment when there is doubt regarding the effectiveness and suitability of medication for individual patients. The patient is his or her own control, and receives the experimental and the control treatment during several periods of time in random order. Reports of N-of-1 trials are still relatively scarce, and the research methodology is not as firmly established as that of RCTs. Recently, we have conducted two series of N-of-1 trials in general practice. Before, during, and after data-collection, difficulties regarding outcome assessment, analysis of the results, the withdrawal of patients, and the follow-up had to be dealt with. These difficulties are described and our solutions are discussed.

Discussion
To prevent or anticipate difficulties in N-of-1 trials, we argue that that it is important to individualise the outcome measures, and to carefully consider the objective, type of randomisation and the analysis. It is recommended to use the same dosages and dosage forms that the patient used before the trial, to start the trial with a run-in period, to formulate both general and individualised decision rules regarding the efficacy of treatment, to adjust treatment policies immediately after the trial, and to provide adequate instructions and support if treatment is adjusted.

Summary
Because of the specific characteristics of N-of-1 trials it is difficult to formulate general 'how to do it' guidelines for designing N-of-1 trials. However, when the design of each N-of-1 trial is tailored to the specific characteristics of each individual patient and the underlying medical problem, most difficulties in N-of-1 trials can be prevented or overcome. In this way, N-of-1 trials may be of help when deciding on drug treatment for individual patients.
Measles transmission following the tsunami in a population with a high one-dose vaccination coverage, Tamil Nadu, India 2004–2005
Authors: Mohan Arumugam , Murhekar Manoj V , Wairgkar Niteen S , Hutin Yvan J , Gupte Mohan D 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
On 26 December 2004, a tsunami struck the coast of the state of Tamil Nadu, India, where one-dose measles coverage exceeded 95%. On 29 December, supplemental measles immunization activities targeted children 6 to 60 months of age in affected villages. On 30 December, Cuddalore, a tsunami-affected district in Tamil Nadu reported a cluster of measles cases. We investigated this cluster to estimate the magnitude of the problem and to propose recommendations for control.

Methods
We received notification of WHO-defined measles cases through stimulated passive surveillance. We collected information regarding date of onset, age, sex, vaccination status and residence. We collected samples for IgM antibodies and genotype studies. We modeled the accumulation of susceptible individuals over the time on the basis of vaccination coverage, vaccine efficacy and birth rate.

Results
We identified 101 measles cases and detected IgM antibodies against measles virus in eight of 11 sera. Cases were reported from tsunami-affected (n = 71) and unaffected villages (n = 30) with attack rates of 1.3 and 1.7 per 1000, respectively. 42% of cases in tsunami-affected villages had an onset date within 14 days of the tsunami. The median ages of case-patients in tsunami-affected and un-affected areas were 54 months and 60 months respectively (p = 0.471). 36% of cases from tsunami-affected areas were above 60 months of age. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the sequences of virus belonged to genotype D8 that circulated in Tamil Nadu.

Conclusion
Measles virus circulated in Cuddalore district following the tsunami, although there was no association between the two events. Transmission despite high one-dose vaccination coverage pointed to the limitations of this vaccination strategy. A second opportunity for measles immunization may help reducing measles mortality and morbidity in such areas. Children from 6 month to 14 years of age must be targeted for supplemental immunization during complex emergencies.
Port-site tumour recurrence of oral squamous carcinoma following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a lesson to be aware of
Authors: Daniels Ian R 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
Patients with aero-digestive malignancy will often require a feeding gastrostomy during their treatment to maintain their nutritional status. These are usually placed percutaneously using an endoscopic technique.

Case presentation
A fifty-six year old male underwent placement of a percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) prior to commencement of his treatment for an oral squamous cell carcinoma. The treatment for this was locally curative. However, he developed a metastasis at the site of his PEG tube. This was excised en-bloc with the anterior gastric and abdominal walls.

Conclusion
Tumour implantation into wounds has been previously reported. In this case the direct trauma of passing the PEG tube through the oropharynx led to implantation of cells in the anterior abdominal wall. In these cases laparoscopic placement may be more beneficial to avoid this problem.