bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanded criteria for the ultrasonic diagnosis of gallstones
Authors: Crow Harte C. , Bartrum Royal J. , Foote Sheila R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonic examination of the gallbladder for stones can be an accurate procedure if an expanded set of criteria are used. Employing such criteria we have been able to reach a diagnosis in 92 percent of examinations with no false positive and no false negative results. The expanded criteria are described and several illustrative examples are shown.
Torque feedback radiometer for ultrasonic power measurements
Authors: Dunbar Lee E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA radiometer for use in ultrasonic power measurements in the 10–200 milliwatt regime has been built and tested. The device is based on the torque feedback principle applied to a friction‐free taut‐band meter movement. Measurements using the instrument have been made on two commerical ultrasound instruments.
Diagnostic echocardiography in the adult
Authors: Kraus Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to review basic and practical adult echocardiography. The commonly used techniques are briefly described. Normal valve characteristics, common valvular abnormalities, evaluation of cardiac chamber dimensions, pericardial space and left ventricular function are discussed. Newer aspects of echocardiography, two‐dimensional scanning and pulsed Doppler techniques, are briefly reviewed. Finally, a discussion of problems and new directions in the field are presented.
Echoencephalographs of 100 consecutive acute psychiatric admissions
Authors: Daum Conrad H. , McKinney William M. , Proctor Richard C. , Barnes Ralph W. , Potter Patty 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEchoencephalography (ECHO) on 100 consecutive acute short‐term psychiatric admissions showed a high (12 per cent) incidence of abnormalities. Incidence of midline ECHO abnormalities was 2 per cent, comparable to similar studies. Ventricular enlargement accounted for the majority of ECHO abnormalities. This study also confirmed a previous report of a relationship between third ventricular size and response to treatment. Use of the ECHO as a screening test for these patients was safe and rapid. Correlative studies tended to confirm ECHO findings.
Intraoperative echocardiographic studies of the mitral valve: Assessment of commissurotomy and repair
Authors: Mary David A. S. , Catchpole Leslie A. , Ionescu Marian I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMitral echocardiograms obtained by direct application of the ultrasonic probe to the epicardial surface were compared with echocardiograms obtained by the conventional chest surface technique in 32 patients. The groups comprised 16 patients with stenosis, nine with incompetence, and seven patients with normal mitral valves. In every patient, prior to the exploration of the mitral valve, echocardiograms were obtained from the surface of the chest and from the epicardial surface of the heart. In 13 patients, direct epicardial and chest surface echocardiograms were repeated after mitral valvotomy or repair. The initial mitral valve lesion in these patients was stenosis in seven and incompetence in six. The diastolic closure rates (E‐F speed) obtained by direct epicardial surface echocardiography revealed a significant statistical correlation (P < 0.001) which was comparable to that recorded from the chest surface. This technique offers a further means of detecting residual mitral stenosis, before closure of the chest, after conimissurotomy or repair.
Normal upper abdominal vasculature: A study correlating contact B scanning with arteriography and gross anatomy
Authors: Skolnick M. Leon , Royal David R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVisualization of the normal upper abdominal vessels has been reported using gray scale ultrasound contact scanners. In this report we will demonstrate that the same vessels can also be seen on scans made with bistable equipment. The vessels on serial sagittal and transverse ultrasound scans will be compared with arteriograms, anatomic drawings, and cadaver photographs to provide the anatomic justification for identifying the vessels seen on the ultrasound images. Modifications in scanning technique and equipment setting to obtain the bistable images of vessels are discussed.
Gray scale echography of soluble protein and protein aggregate fluid collections (in vitro study)
Authors: Cunningham Jerome J. , Wooten Wayne , Cunningham Margaret A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoluble protein fluid collections ranging from 0.5 to 21 gm/l00 ml and collections of protein microaggregates with a particle size less than 700 microns are indistinguishable from water when these collections are examined qualitatively by gray scale echography in a laboratory setting. Echography of protein macroaggregate collections of 1‐3 mm particle size gives rise to images showing strong internal echoes and poor margin definition and may simulate solid structures. Protein macroaggregates may be the source of error when complex biological fluids simulate solid lesions on gray scale echograms.
Correlations of carotid and intracranial pulsations occuring simultaneously with K complexes in the electroencephalogram
Authors: Fernandez Heriberto , Smith Baldwin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChanges in both intracranial and carotid pulsations occurred each time K complexes appeared in the electroencephalogram. This new method for the simultaneous recording of intracranial and carotid pulsations and for correlating them with changes in the EEG will allow further investigation into the origin of intracranial pulsations.
An ultrasonic multitransducer scanner for real‐time heart imaging
Authors: Pedersen Jan Fog , Northeved Allan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn ultrasonic multitransducer scanner has been developed. It works in combination with a conventional echocardiograph and is capable of instant dynamic cross‐sectional imaging of the heart. A 10 cm wide area is scanned by 50 parallel sound beams, spaced 2 mm apart, at a frame rate of 36 per second. The equipment is described and preliminary clinical experience is reported. The scanner has been used for routine heart examinations and for obstetrical and abdominal scanning as well.
Oscillation of left ventricular structures in aortic regurgitation
Authors: Johnson Allen D. , Gosink Barbara B. , Forsythe John , Grandjean Nanette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh‐frequency diastolic oscillation of the anterior mitral leaflet is a common echocardiographic feature in aortic regurgitation. We have studied a group of 56 patients with aortic regurgitation in whom diastolic oscillation of the anterior mitral leaflet was present. Thirty‐one of these had similar diastolic oscillation of the posterior leaflet; occasional patients demonstrated oscillation of the interventricular septum or chordae tendineae. The presence of these diastolic oscillations did not correlate with the presence of the Austin‐Flint murmur. We conclude that diastolic oscillation of left ventricular structures other than the anterior mitral leaflet can be recorded on echocardiograms of patients with aortic regurgiation. The mechanism responsible for these oscillations is not known; several possibilities are discussed.
Gray scale sonographic anatomy of the pancreas
Authors: Ghorashi Bijan , Rector William R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the development of gray scale, the appearance of pancreatic anatomy and its relationship to surrounding structures can be demonstrated more effectively. Gray scale has made it possible to identify such vessels as the portal vein, superior mesenteric vein, superior mesenteric artery, splenic vein, etc. This makes it possible to identify the pancreas more precisely. The normal pancreas appears to have a fairly specific echo pattern. The pancreas scanning techniques used in this study include the oblique, transverse, and longitudinal sections. Oblique views are especially useful.
The antepartum findings of conjoined twins
Authors: Wilson Robert L. , Shaub Michael S. , Cetrulo Curtis J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVarious estimates abound as to the incidence of conjoined (Siamese) twins, but they are indeed uncommon. The probability of their occurance has been calculated to be once in every 12,000 to once in every 100,000 deliveries. Although uncommon, the antepartum diagnosis can be extremely important to the twins and the mother, if only to spare the trauma of a trial by labor. The findings, both radiographic and ultrasonic, are presented herein.
Noninvasive ultrasonic estimation of brachial artery blood flow
Authors: Thomas Paul A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonic instrumentation based on the Doppler phenomenon fulfills the requirements that a blood flowmeter should sense a variable which is a funciton of the volume of blood moved through a blood vessel in situ. The blood foow velocity waveform recorded noninvasively from the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa was used as basis for quantitatively estimating a stroke flow index. The method used in these experiments was reproducible in 31 volunteer subjects studied; the first and second brachial artery stroke flow indices determined on different days had a correlation coefficient of 0.909. The calculated minute flow index ranged from 32 to 95 ml in these subjects. A clinical application was explored by making serial measurements before and after operation in 64 patients submitting to 68 open heart operations. A significant reduction in the brachial artery blood flow velocity was recorded ostoperatively in 21 of these patients. The brachial artery stroke flow index has potential value as an objective measure of cardiovascular instability.
Continuous abdominal raster scanning a technique for increasing anatomic informaiton and reducing scan time
Authors: Skolnick M. Leon , Royal David R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContinuous raster scanning can improve avdominal ′B scan image resolution and decrease the time required for scanning. Rapid, serial, single‐sweep scans are performed at 3 to 8 mm intervals during suspended respiration. This technique markedly reduces organ distortion by respiratory and vascular motion. It is best performed with a contact scanner operating in video mode that utilizes a high resolution storage oscilloscope.
Ultrasonic evaluation of radiation therapy ports
Authors: Carter Stephen J. , Denney John D. , Tesh Donald W. , Marty Raymond , Davis M. Christine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadiation therapy is useful in the palliative treatment of large, unresectable abdominal and pelvic malignancies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of B mode ultrasound scanning as an adjunctin radiation treatment planning of these patients. Fifty‐one patients with large abdominal or pelvic masses had radiation therapy ports established using findings from surgery, radiographs, and physical examination. All the patients then had B mode ultra sound examinations. The position of the therapy ports was marked on the echogram. Thirty‐one of the 51 patients studied (61 percent) had evidence of extension of tumor beyond the therapy ports. This was often due to “iceberging”, i.e. when the deep portion of the tumor was considerably larger than the palpable margins of the superficial portion. B mode ultrasound scanning is a valuable adjunct in planning palliative radiation therapy of patients with large, unresectable, abdominal and pelvic malignancies.
Contralateral displacement of abdominal viscera by a retroperitoneal liposarcoma: Ultrasonic demonstration
Authors: Kim Erich , Goldman Stanford M. , Minkin Stanford D. , Salik Julian O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOccasional reports have described contralateral displacement of the kidney, gall bladder, or liver by masses, but no ultrasonographic description of this phenomenon has been published. To our knowledge, this is the first report of contralateral displacement of all three structures by an encapsulated, well‐differentiated, low‐grade liposarcoma. The significance to the ultrasonographer lies in the fact that he may be the firt physician, as we were in this case, to have the opportunity to recognize the true anatomical relationships of all three organs and to suggest that this tumor is more likely to be benign or slowly growing rather than a highly infiltrative process.
Phonocardiographic and echocardiographic features of Lillehei‐Kaster mitral prosthesis
Authors: Estevez Roberto , Mookherjee S. , Potts James , Fulton Maru , Obeid Anis I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen patients were studied with phonocardiography (phono) and echocardiography (echo) three to 13 months after mitral valve replacement with Lillehei‐Kaster mitral valve prostheses. Echo measurements in all patients included prosthesis excursion (DE), opening velocity (OV), closing velocity (CV), and Q‐to‐mitral prosthesis closure (Q‐MPC). In five patients, further, echo measurements included isometric contraction period (ICP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and time to complettion of aortic valve opening (TCAO). Phono measurements in all patients included pre‐ejection perior (PEP), LVET, and PEP/LVET. Further phono measurements in the same five patients in whom further echo measurements were performed included Q to first heart sound (Q‐S1), ICP, and isometric relaxation period (IRP). Phono and echo measurements were done sequentially. The echo results showed widespread values for De, OV and CV with no correlation between clinical state, size of prosthesis, or postoperative duration. There was a positive correlation between CV and OV, r + 0.65. Q‐MPC by echo averaged 72 msec, which is longer than reported values for Q‐to‐mitral valve closure in normal people. Similarly, ICP by echo was shorter than ICP by phono in every patient. Of the phono measurements IRP was shortest (45 msec) in one patient in congestive heart failure with a possible prosthesis malfunction. We conclude that echo and phonocardiography are useful tools in evaluation mitral prosthesis function, but because normal values are wide spread, individual measurements may be useful for followup in the same individual. Precise measurement of subdivisions of systolic intervals are now possible with these techniques.
Echocardiographic detection and management of patent ductus arteriosus in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: A two‐and one‐half year prospective study
Authors: Goldberg Stanley J. , Allen Hugh D. , Sahn David J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA prospective 2 1/2 year study of 50 infants with combined respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was undertaken to determine whether echocardiographic measurements combined with clinical assessment could be used to select those infants who needed cardiac treatment. From a pilot study, criteria were adopted to use digoxin in the treatment of infants with evidence of congestive cardiac failure and/or a left atrial dimension 1.5 times normal size, and to ligate the PDA in those with unremitting congestive cardiac failure and a left atrial dimension persistently twice normal. Left atrial, left ventricular, and aortic dimensions, left atrial to aortic ratio, and mean Vef were echocardiographically determined. Forty‐six per cent of the 50 infants with PDA required igoxin administration, and 18 per cent of the total group was operated. The long‐term mortality for the total group was 12 per cent (6 of 50) and mortality was 33 per cent (3 of 9) for the operated group. Results showed that absolute left atrial dimension, particularly if recorded in two dimensions, most accurately predicted those infants who would develop congestive cardiac failure that would become medically unmanageable.
A comparison of gray scale ultrasound and radionuclide imaging for the detection of focal hepatic lesions: Open shutter technique
Authors: Zatz Leslie M. , Gouldin Judith A. , Hanley Gail A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA conventional B scan ultrasound unit was modified by the addition of a specially built logarithmic amplifier and a high resolution nonstorage oscilloscope, as suggested by Taylor and Carpenter. One hundred five consecutive patients submitted for radionuclide imaging of the liver were examined with ultrasound using a standardized scanning system. The ultrasound technique produced scans that were technically poor or inadequate in 37 per cent of the patients studied. In the studies in which there has been confirmation, the ultrasound diagnosis was accurate in 73 per cent and the radionuclide diagnosis was correct in 83 per cent. The combined accuracy of the two studies was 93 per cent. In 11 patients, ultrasound more clearly defined the lesions that were demonstrated by both techniques or demonstrated the nature of suspicious or equivocal areas on the radionuclide images. In 84 patients, the radionuclide scan imaged the liver more completely or demonstrated lesions more clearly than did the ultrasound examination. This specific approach to ultrasound gray scale imaging appears to be a valuable supplemental tool to radionuclide imaging, but at its present sate of development cannot replace it as a routine screening technique for hepatic disease.
The relationship of computed tomography and ultrasonography in diagnosis of abdominal disease
Authors: Holm Hans H. , Smith Edward H. , Bartrum Royal J. , Edwards Sally Ann 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA detailed comparison of computed tomography and ultrasonography of the abdomen is presented from a theoretical point of view. The advantages and limitations of both modalities are discussed in terms of scan content, resolution, plane of interrogation, dynamic imaging, examination time, imaging problems, automation, contrast administration, puncture guidance, examination availability, hazards, personnel and space requirements, and cost. Analysis of these factors leads the authors to conclude that ultrasound should be the procedure of choice for sectional imaging of the abdomen. Computed tomography should be reserved for those situations in which the ultrasound examination is not diagnostic (.e., skeletal system, lungs, mediastinum).
The atrophic postmenopausal uterus
Authors: Miller Edward I. , Thomas Roger H. , Lines Patricia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe size of postmenopausal uterus varies, but after 65 years of age, it routinely appears atrohic. A pelvic mass in this age group should not be assumed to be within the uterus unless a careful search excludes an atrophic uterus. Single sweep longitudinal ultrasound sections are the best method of localizing a small uterus, but sometimes gain settings must be varied to demonstrate the organ.
Atypical cholesonograms in primary and secondary malignant disease of the biliary tract
Authors: Cunningham Jereome J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHepatic metastases or mass lesion near the head of the pancreas are usually found when echograms are performed on patients with malignant disease of the biliary tract. Atypical cholesonograms may result when the gall bladder itself is deformed or invaded by tumor, when tumor obstructing the bile duct is plaquelike and not detectable as a mass lesion, or when gall stones coexist as a purely incidental finding.
Ultrasonic evaluation of portacaval shunts
Authors: Goldberg Barry B. , Patel Jagdish 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients who had portacaval shunts were examined both before and after surgery. In the majority of cases, it was possible to detect the portcaval shunt by actually demonstrating the site of anastomosis. There was dilatation of the vena cava just cephalad to the site of the anastomosis due to the increased volume of blood entering the vena cava from the portal system. Mesocaval shunts have also been detected. Splenorenal shunts, however, could not be demonstrated in this series. While gray scale B scan ultrasound was used to record the site of anastomosis and measure the vessel diameters, real time two‐dimensional ultrasound provided dynamic information. Long term serial examinations are being obtained to evaluate the continued patency of the shunts. Ultrasound appears to be a promising new noninvasive study for the evaluation of portcaval shunts.
Ultrasonic imaging of normal intrauterine fetal anatomy
Authors: Flanigan Donald J. , Buttny June H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the advent and subsequent refinement of gray scale compound scanning, we are now able to obtain in utero a more detailed look at the size, shape, position, and anatomical relationships between the internal organs and vascular structures within the body of a fetus. It is now possible to visualize fetal intracranial structures, lungs, myocardium and valvular structures, liver, spleen, stomach, abdominal aorta, portal venous system, gall bladder, umbilical vein, kidneys, urinary bladder, and genitalia. Fetal extremities, including individual phalanges, are better visualized with gray scale than with bistable sonography.
Unusual echographic appearance of a courvoisier gall bladder
Authors: Weeks Landon E. , McCune Bruce R. , Martin James F. , O'Brien Thomas F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient who had been jaundiced for more than four months was examined with diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound examination revealed that the patient had a solid‐appearing mass in the region of the gall bladder, in addition to findings diagnostic of obstructive jaundice. A probable mass was also noted in the head of the pancreas. The clinical data and representative echographic pictures are presented to emphasize the point that sludge within the gall bladder is echogenic and appears more solid than cystic on a standard echographic examination.
The ultrasonic demonstration of gastric lesions
Authors: Mascatello V. J. , Carrera G. F. , Telle R. L. , Berger M. , Holm H. H. , Smith E. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen cases of circumferential gastric antral disease identified by upper gastrointestinal (GI) series over a 12‐month period were studied by grayscale ultrasound. In 93 per cent of the patients studied, a characteristic ovoid anechoic area containing a dense central collection of echoes was identified. The abnormality was located in the midline or slightly to either side, just dorsal to the inferior margin of the liver on longitudinal sections. The lesions studied included primary and secondary malignancy, lymphoma, corrosive gastritis, and granulomatous disease of childhood. In each instance a barium study of the stomach confirmed the location of the lesion. A prospective study of 50 normal individuals revealed one patient in whom the characteristic appearance was found at ultrasound and who subsequently had a normal upper GI series. Thus, although the ultrasound appearance of antral thickening may rarely be found in normal individuals, this characteristic appearance should strongly suggest gastric pathology, necessitating an upper GI series.
Staging of bladder tumors by means of transrectal ultrasonography
Authors: Harada Kazuya , Igari Dairoku , Tanahashi Yoshikatsu , Watanabe Hiroki , Saitoh Masahito , Mishina Teruo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransrectal ultrasonography is a specially devised technique to obtain clear tomograms of the intrapelvic organs, such as the prostate, urinary bladder and seminal vesicles. We used this technique to evaluate 64 patients with bladder tumors. The results were compared with histological findings after exploratory surgery. Ultrasonograms of these tumors were estimated on the basis of bladder wall irregularity, bladder deformity, bladder capacity and extravesical spread of tumor. Each tumor stage showed characteristic ultrasonic features. Extravesical spread of tumor, which was observed in 67 percent of stage D tumors, proved to be an important finding to distinguish stage D tumors from other tumor stages. We suggest these features as diagnostic criteria for ultrasonic staging of bladder tumors.