bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health Care Knowledge and Practices of a Group of Deaf Adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oredugba Folakemi A. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Objective: This study sought to determine the oral health care knowledge and practices of a group of deaf adolescents in Lagos. Methods: The study involved 50 students of Wesley School 1 for the Deaf, Lagos (26 males and 24 females, aged 10–19 years, mean 13.3±2.8). Information about previous dental care, oral hygiene, and snacking habits were obtained through a questionnaire and sign language by the teachers. Results: Only 12 percent of pupils had received dental care. Eight percent and 72 percent, respectively, gave correct answers to causes of tooth decay and bleeding gums. Ninety‐four percent brushed their teeth once daily, with no significant sex difference (P>.05). Reported dental problems include bleeding gums (36%), tooth discoloration, and tooth decay. The majority of pupils (60%) preferred biscuits and soft drinks as snacks. More than 90 percent were willing to have a dental check‐up. Conclusions: The oral health knowledge and practices of this group of children will improve through a controlled school‐based oral health education program.
Dental Caries Status and Need for Dental Treatment of Pennsylvania Public School Children in Grades 1,3, 9, and 11
Authors: Weyant Robert J. , Manz Michael , Corby Patricia 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Objectives: This cross‐sectional study was designed to determine the caries status and provide a general evaluation of the level of dental treatment need of Pennsylvania public school children in grades 1, 3, 9, and 11 on a statewide and regional basis. Methods: Between September 1998 and May 2000, caries status and treatment need were assessed using a school‐based dental examination, performed on a representative sample (n=6,040) of public school children in grades 1, 3, 9, and 11 (age range=6 to 21 years). Children's caries status in the primary and permanent dentition was assessed. Need for treatment was scored on a three‐level categorical scale—no treatment need identified, routine treatment need, and urgent treatment need—and was based on the presence and severity of caries and other oral conditions. Population estimates of the prevalence of untreated dental caries, DMFT and dft scores, and treatment need were calculated by grade and geographically, using the six Pennsylvania health districts and the cities of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. The inequality of caries distribution in the population was assessed for both permanent and primary caries using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. Results: Dental caries has remained highly prevalent among Pennsylvania's public school children. Caries levels varied considerably by health districts and city. Urgent treatment needs were significant and also varied by health district and city. Conclusions: Dental caries remains the most prevalent disease affecting Pennsylvania's schoolchildren. Caries status varies significantly by region of the state, suggesting that environmental, social, and demographic contextual factors may be important determinants of disease prevalence.
Life‐style Correlates of Tooth Loss in an Adult Midwestern Population
Authors: Klein Barbara E. K. , Klein Ronald , Knudtson Michael D. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Objectives: To describe life‐style correlates of tooth loss in a representative rural American population. Methods: Information on tooth loss as well as past medical history and life‐style factors was obtained in a well‐defined cohort of 2,764 persons 53–96 years of age in Beaver Dam, WI (1998–2000). Results: There were 1,992 (68.2%) persons missing some and 447 (15.3%) missing all of their teeth. In univariable analyses, age, cigarette smoking, heavy drinking, education, multivitamin use, and diabetes status were associated with tooth loss. Tooth loss was associated with poorer self‐rated health and with difficulty eating solid food and inability to enjoy some food. In multivariable models age, education, smoking, heavy drinking, and diabetes were significantly associated with tooth loss. Conclusions: Tooth loss is common in older persons and is associated with many risk factors including education, smoking, and heavy drinking. It is possible that modifying these may influence risk of tooth loss.
Prevalence and Handedness Correlates of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in the Turkish Population
Authors: Çiçek Yasin , Çanakçi Varol , Özgöz Mehmet , Ertas Ümlt , Çanakçi Ebru 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study was designed to determine the relationship between recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and handedness, and to assess the prevalence of RAS in the Turkish population. Methods: The present study was conducted among 11,360 persons (5,705 males and 5,655 females) with a mean age of 30.4 years. A questionnaire focusing on handedness was administered to these patients. Handedness was assessed according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. The diagnosis of RAS was made on the basis of clinical appearance, location, and the patient's health history. RAS information of patients was collected by means of a data form specifically designed for this study. Subjects were informed about RAS. We took anamneses and filled out the investigation forms. Apart from patients with registration of current aphthae (average point prevalence, APP), patients who had a past two‐year history (self‐reported two‐year prevalence, SRTP) of the lesion were also included in this study. Data were analyzed using the chi‐square and logistic regression tests. Results: The prevalence of RAS (APP) was 2.7 percent and that of a history of RAS (SRTP) 22.8 percent. Thus, the total prevalence (APP + SRTP), including present lesions and a two‐year history (SRTP), was 25.5 percent. Adjusted results showed that females, left‐handers, 10–30‐year‐olds, and nonsmokers were 1.53, 1.69, 2.05, and 1.61 times more likely to have RAS (APP+SRTP) than males, right‐handers, 31–50‐year‐olds, and smokers, respectively (P <.0001). Conclusion: The present study suggests that left‐handedness appears to be a predictor factor for RAS.
Association Between Mandibular Retrognathia and TMJ Disorders in Adult Females
Authors: Miller James R. , Burgess Jeffrey A. , Critchlow Cathy W. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Objective: This study assesses the association between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and mandibular retrognathia. Methods: We conducted a case‐control study among women, aged 18–70 years, recruited from Kaiser Permanente Northwest Division (KPNW, Portland, OR) and Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound (GHC, Seattle, WA). Cases (N=160) were women seeking treatment for TMJ disorders at KPNW and GHC clinics. Controls (N=151) were women without TMJ disorders, selected from among adult female dental hygiene patients at KPNW or GHC enrollees. Case status was determined by questionnaire; mandibular sagittal position (orthognathic, mildly retrognathic, severely retrognaihic, or prognathic) was measured using digitized facial photographs. Odds ratios (OR) and associated 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) estimated the magnitude of the association between TMJ disorders and mandibular sagittal position. Results: Women with TMJ disorders were 4.0 times (95% CI/1.5, 10.8) more likely than controls to have severe retrognathia; no association with mild retrognathia or prognathia was seen. Results were similar when cases were restricted to those with recent onset of TMJ pain (OR/6.3; 95% CI=1.8, 21.8). Conclusions: We found a strong association between TMJ disorders and severe mandibular retrognathia in adult females. In some women this likely resulted from TMJ disorders influencing mandibular development over time. However, among a subset of women, our data support the reverse hypothesis—that severe mandibular retrognathia may influence the development of TMJ disorders. Despite this strong association, abnormal mandibular position contributed only a small portion to the overall rate at which women sought treatment for TMJ disorders.
Oral Cancer Knowledge and Examination Experiences Among North Carolina Adults
Authors: Patton Lauren L. , Agans Robert , Elter John R. , Southerland Janet H. , Strauss Ronald P. , Kalsbeek William D. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Objective: This study assesses knowledge of oral cancer risk factors, clinical signs, and oral cancer examination experience among North Carolina adults. Methods: A statewide random digit dial, computer‐assisted telephone interview was conducted in 2002, Data from 1,096 respondents, with a response rate of 62 percent, were poststratified to 2000 census data by sex, race, and age group to produce population‐based estimates. Knowledge of one sign of oral cancer, four or more risk factors for oral cancer, and having ever had an oral cancer examination were compared in logistic regression models using normalized weights. Results: Fourteen (95% confidence interval [CI]±2) percent of adults had never heard of oral or mouth cancer. Risk factor knowledge was high for 56 percent (95% CI±3) and associated in a logistic regression model with younger age, feeling personal factors cause cancer, and nonuse of snuff. One sign of oral cancer (sore/lesion, red or white patch in mouth, and bleeding in the mouth) was correctly identified by 53 percent (95% CI±3) with significantly more correct responses from younger people, nonsmokers, and some college education. Only 29 percent (95% CI±3) reported ever having had an oral cancer examination when this procedure was described. Most respondents reported exams performed by dentists. In a weighted logistic regression model, older age, being dentate, nonsmokers, alcohol users, and those with some college education were significantly more likely to report having ever had an oral cancer examination. Conclusions: Although there is moderate knowledge of signs and risk factors for oral cancer among North Carolina adults, knowledge deficits remain. Oral cancer examinations need to be increased, particularly among tobacco smokers.
Association of Denture Use with Sleep‐disordered Breathing Among Older Adults
Authors: Endeshaw Yohannes W. , Katz Sheri , Ouslander Joseph G. , Bliwise Donald L. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigates the relationship between sleep‐disordered breathing and denture use. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study of community‐dwelling older adults. Information about denture use was obtained using a questionnaire. Ambulatory sleep recording in subjects' homes was performed using Embletta PDS (Medcare, Iceland). Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 58 subjects completed the study. The mean apnea hypopnea (AHI) index was 15.1 ± 16.1. Twenty‐two subjects (38%) used dentures and most removed them before sleep. There was significant association between denture use and AHI ≥ 15 per hour of sleep (odds ratio [OR]/6.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.71, 23.22; P=.006). Conclusions: This preliminary study found an association between sleep‐disordered breathing and denture use, which may represent a proxy for a relationship between sleep‐disordered breathing and edentulism. Given the common occurrence of both conditions among older adults, the observed relationship warrants a more detailed investigation of the mechanisms whereby loss of teeth leads to upper airway closure during sleep.
An Assessment of the Dental Public Health Infrastructure in the United States
Authors: Tomar Scott L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research commissioned an assessment of the dental public health infrastructure in the United States as a first step toward ensuring its adequacy. This study examined several elements of the US dental public health infrastructure in government, education, workforce, and regulatory issues, focused primarily at the state level. Methods: Data were drawn from a wide range of sources, including original surveys, analysis of existing databases, and compilation of publicly available information. Results: In 2002, 72.5% of states had a full‐time dental director and 65% of state dental programs had total budgets of $1 million or less. Among U.S. dental schools, 68% had a dental public health academic unit. Twelve and a half percent of dental schools and 64.3% of dental hygiene programs had no faculty member with a public health degree. Among schools of public health, 15% offered a graduate degree in a dental public health concentration area, and 60% had no faculty member with a dental or dental hygiene degree. There were 141 active diplomates of the American Board of Dental Public Health as of February 2001; 15% worked for state, county, or local governments. In May 2003, there were 640 US members of the American Association of Public Health Dentistry with few members in most states. In 2002, 544 American Dental Association members reported their specialty as Dental Public Health, which ranged from 0 in five states to 41 in California. Just two states had a public health dentist on their dental licensing boards. Conclusions: Findings suggest the US dental public health workforce is small, most state programs have scant funding, the field has minimal presence in academia, and dental public health has little role in the regulation of dentistry and dental hygiene. Successful efforts to enhance the many aspects of the US dental public health infrastructure will require substantial collaboration among many diverse partners.
Decision‐Making Process for Treatment of Mandibular Fractures among Minority Groups
Authors: Der‐Martirosian Claudia , Gironda Melanie W. , Black Edward , Leathers Richard , Atchison Kathryn A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: While patients' preferences for medical care are widely studied, only a small number of studies have looked at the decision‐making process for dental treatment of mandibular fracture. This study examines the decision‐making process for treatment of mandibular fractures among minority groups. Study participants were asked to consider Maxillomandibular Fixation (MMF ‐ a non‐surgical approach of wiring the teeth for 4–8 weeks) or Rigid Internal Fixation (RIF ‐ surgical placement of bone plate). Methods: A qualitative study of patients receiving care at an inner‐city hospital for either 3rd molar extraction under general anesthesia or a mandibular fracture were recruited to participate in an hour‐long focus group to discuss their preferences. The 3rd molar group was selected as a comparison group exemplifying experience with oral surgery and recovery from general anesthesia. Results: Seven decision‐making factors affecting choice of treatment were discussed by both jaw fracture and 3rd molar groups, including: side effects, effectiveness of each treatment, trusting doctor's recommendation, what to expect from each procedure, use of pictures from previous case studies, surgery location of scar/ incision, and size of scar. Rigid Internal Fixation (RIF) participants discussed a different set of concerns compared to Maxillomandibular Fixation (MMF) participants. Conclusions: Regardless of gender, the treatment of choice for both 3rd molar and jaw fracture participants was the non‐surgical method of wiring of the teeth for 4–8 weeks. The Phase II part of this study will systematically examine patient preferences among a larger sample of 3rd molar and jaw fracture patients by incorporating the patient‐reported concerns about treatment of jaw fracture found in this inductive, phenomenological study.
Opinions of South Carolina Dental Students toward Tobacco Use Interventions
Authors: Cannick Gabrielle F. , Horowitz Alice M. , Reed Susan G. , Drury Thomas F. , Day Terry A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: Tobacco use accounts for 75 percent of oral cancer deaths in the United States. One objective of Healthy People 2010 is to increase the percentage of dentists who provide smoking cessation counseling. However, studies of dentists have shown that the majority feel inadequately prepared to do so. The objective of this study was to determine the opinions of dental students at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) regarding the provision of tobacco use interventions for patients. Methods: In 2002, 163 students were administered a written questionnaire which included questions about tobacco use interventions (response rate = 80 percent). Opinion items were analyzed using factor analysis, Fisher's Exact Test, and ANOVA (a 50.025). Results: While 89 percent of students agreed that dentists should be trained to provide tobacco cessation education, only 39 percent thought that they themselves were adequately trained. Students' opinions toward the role and training of dentists in providing tobacco use interventions differed by academic year. Only 14.1 percent of dental students were quite or very confident in their ability to help patients to stop smoking. Conclusions: This study indicates that although MUSC dental students support tobacco cessation training for dentists, the majority responded that they are not adequately trained and are not comfortable providing tobacco cessation education to patients. A comprehensive tobacco prevention and cessation program is indicated for the objective of Healthy People 2010 to be met.
The Cost‐Effectiveness of Large Amalgam and Crown Restorations Over a 10‐Year Period
Authors: Kolker Justine L. , Damiano Peter C. , Flach Stephen D. , Bentler Suzanne E. , Armstrong Steven R. , Caplan Daniel J. , Kuthy Raymond A. , Warren John J. , Jones Michael P. , Dawson Deborah V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To assist clinical decision making for an individual patient or on a community level, this study was done to determine the differences in costs and effectiveness of large amalgams and crowns over 5 and 10 years when catastrophic subsequent treatment (root canal therapy or extraction) was the outcome. Methods: Administrative data for patients seen at the University of Iowa, College of Dentistry for 1,735 large amalgam and crown restorations in 1987 or 1988 were used. Annual costs and effectiveness values were calculated. Costs of initial treatment (large amalgam or crown), and future treatments were determined, averaged and discounted. The effectiveness measure was defined as the number of years a tooth remained in a state free of catastrophic subsequent treatment. Years free of catastrophic treatment were averaged, and discounted. The years free of catastrophic treatment accounted for individuals who dropped out or withdrew from the study. Results: Teeth with crowns had higher effectiveness values at a much higher cost than teeth restored with large amalgams. The cost of an addition year free of catastrophic treatment for crowns was $1,088.41 at 5 years and $500.10 at 10 years. Teeth in women had more favorable cost‐effectiveness ratios than those in men, and teeth in the maxillary arch had more favorable cost‐effectiveness ratios than teeth in the mandibular arch. Conclusions: Neither the large amalgam or crown restoration had both the lowest cost and the highest effectiveness. The higher incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for crowns should be considered when making treatment decisions between large amalgam and crown restorations.
Demographic Factors Associated with Dental Utilization Among Community Dwelling Elderly in the United States, 1997
Authors: Skaar Daniel D. , Hardie Nancy A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize dental service utilization in 1997 by community dwelling Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: The Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, or MCBS, is a continuous annual series of nationally representative surveys of Medicare beneficiaries. Univariate comparisons were made between dependent variables (dental utilization and types of dental services) by each of the independent variables (age group, gender, race, income, education, population density, marital status and US Census Bureau regions using weighted proportions to test for independence between dependent and independent variables. Results: Overall, an estimated 41% of the population had a dental visit. Although utilization declined with aging, 24% of those 85 and older visited a dentist. Conclusions: This descriptive study provides important information about dental utilization and services in the American elderly population. Younger, high income, white or educated elderly Americans had higher dental utilization.
Prevalence and Causes of Oral Injuries in a Population of Canadian Adults Aged 18 to 50 Years ‐ A Brief Communication
Authors: Locker David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence and causes of injuries to the mouth and teeth among adults aged 18 to 50 years in Ontario, Canada. Methods: 2001 individuals in the target age range participated in a telephone interview survey based on random digit dialling. Results: Overall, 15.5% of subjects reported a history of injury with 5.4% having multiple episodes of injury. One third of the injuries occurred in adulthood. The majority (85.0%) with a history of trauma reported damage to the teeth and of these, 26.0% broke one or more teeth, 25.4% reported one or more teeth being knocked out and 6.5% reported displacement of teeth. The most common cause of injury was playing sports, followed by collisions and falls. Violence accounted for 10.0% of the injuries reported. The causes of injury varied according to gender; education and the age at which the injury occurred. Conclusion: Oral and dental injuries occur throughout the lifespan, although the causes appear to vary according to the age at which they happen.
Dental Anxiety Among Young Israeli Male Adults as Related to Treatment Received during Childhood
Authors: Levin Liran , Eli Llana , Ashkenazi Malka 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate dental fear and anxiety among young male adults treated during childhood either by a certified pediatric dentist or a general dental practitioner. Methods: A structured questionnaire that included information regarding issues related to dental fear and anxiety (Intake Interview Questionnaire and the Dental Anxiety Scale) was completed by 497 young male army recruits (18 years old). Results: During childhood, 59 (11.9%) of the participants were treated on a regular basis by a certified pediatric dentist and 344 (69.2%) by a general dental practitioner. Sporadic care (not regular care) by general dental practitioners was given to 94 participants (18.9%). Average level of dental anxiety among participants treated by certified pediatric dentists was 7.9 compared to 8.2 (general dentists) and 8.7 (sporadic care by general dentists). There were no significant differences between the groups. However, significant differences were found in the prevalence of high dental anxiety between participants treated by a regular dentist in childhood and those treated sporadically (15.4% vs. 23.4%, respectively). Negative emotions were common. Environmental etiologic factors were infrequently reported. Conclusions: The general level of dental anxiety among young Israeli males was normal. No relation was found between level of dental anxiety and the professional education of the treating dentist in Childhood. Regular dental care in childhood has more effect on preventing the development of high dental anxiety than the professional education of the early caregiver.