bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The PVT-Behavior of Ethane in the Gaseous and Liquid States
Authors: Phillips Edward M. , Thodos George 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A reduced density correlation for the gaseous and liquid regions of ethane has been developed from all the experimental PVT data available in the literature for this substance. Saturated vapor and liquid densities reported for methane, propane and n-butane were utilized to establish the rectilinear-diameter line for ethane. This line was then used with the saturated-vapor data for ethane to produce the saturated envelope for this substance. Most of the saturated liquid data reported for ethane were found to be inconsistent with the saturated-liquid curve resulting from this study.
The correlation covers the regions 0.65 less than TR less than 6.0 and 0 less than PR less than 15. For regions for which no experimental data have been reported, the isobars of the correlation were extended by the use of the theorem of corresponding states. This correlation is presented both on rectilinear and log-log coordinates.

Introduction
At the present time, there is considerable interest in the exact PVT behavior of pure hydrocarbons. Matschke and Thodos recently have developed a comprehensive compilation of experimental vapor and liquid density data for methane. Similar studies have been conducted for other pure substances. In the present study the density data available in the literature for gaseous and liquid ethane have been critically reviewed and utilized to develop a reduced density correlation for this substance.

SATURATED LIQUID AND VAPOR DENSITIES
The rectilinear-diameter rule proposed by Cailletet and Mathias states that the sum of the saturated liquid and vapor densities of a pure substance is a linear function of temperature which passes through the critical point. This law, although empirical, has been well established by continued verification since its conception in 1886. This rule has been applied to the saturated density data of methane, propane and n-butane to produce the straight lines presented in Fig. 1 which pass through the critical point TR = 1.00, PR = 2.00.
Investigating Completion Strategies— Cormorant Field, U.K. North Sea
Authors: Stiles Jess H. , Valenti Nicholas P. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper describes studies by Esso E&P U.K. that evaluate various completion strategies for new subsea wells in the Cormorant field, U.K. North Sea. These studies, which complement work done by the field operator (Shell U.K. E&P), include detailed reservoir description work to define oil-in-place (OIP) and permeability distribution and a waterflood simulation for a representative reservoir cross section. Wellbore, flowline, and pipeline hydraulics for the complex production/injection system are included to model well rates more accurately. The results provide general insight into the nature of displacement during waterflooding of a stratified section with a limited number of wells. They also provide specific guidance on (1) dual vs. single completions; (2) perforating, testing, and stimulation sequence; and (3) the benefits of partially perforating high-permeability sands.
Gullfaks A Subsea Well System: Development, Completion, and Production Startup
Authors: Grinrød Mads , Inderberg Olav , Knudsen Tor W. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper discusses the philosophy, development plan, technical and functional descriptions, and experiences in the various phases, including startup, of the Gullfaks A subsea production system. The wells are connected to the Gullfaks A platform, which is a processing, drilling, and living quarters platform. Subsea operations were accomplished.
Review of Microbial Technology for Improving Oil Recovery
Authors: Bryant Rebecca S. , Burchfield Thomas E. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Microbial treatments are potentially cost-effective for increasing oil production, even in today's economic conditions. Field applications that use microorganisms can range from single-well to full-scale waterflooding, but both processes require some knowledge of the reservoir conditions. Coordinated laboratory and field testing is needed to develop microbial oil recovery technology further.
Critical Heterogeneities in a Barrier Island Deposit and Their Influence on Various Recovery Processes
Authors: Sharma Bijon , Honarpour M. M. , Szpaklewicz M. J. , Schatzinger R. A. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper synthesizes geologic information, acquired from the literature and field studies, and provides detailed maps of geologic heterogeneities, obtained from log and core data, of the Bell Creek field, MT. Geologic heterogeneities were correlated with fluid production data to identify the heterogeneities that have a dominant effect on fluid production. Integration of new and existing information from various geological, geophysical, and engineering disciplines allowed us to identify heterogeneities that influence production during different recovery operations.
Calculation of Transient Oil Production in a Radial Composite Reservoir
Authors: Closmann P.J. , Ratliff N.W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Production of oil by expansion from a cylindrical reservoir composed of twoconcentric regions of different properties has been determined as a function oftime for a reservoir producing at constant terminal pressure.. The parametersinvolved are permeability, porosity, compressibility and oil viscosity. Resultsagree with those of a generally accepted method for uniform reservoirs when allparameters are taken as uniform. Cumulative production at any given time isreduced below that of the uniform reservoir when a region of considerably lowerpermeability adjoins the well; cumulative production increases when ahigh-permeability region adjoins the well. Curves are presented illustratingquantitative effects of these variations.

INTRODUCTION
Most petroleum reservoirs can be exploited by release of pressure andconsequent expansion of underground fluid. During part of the productionhistory of certain reservoirs by this mechanism, fluid compressibility can beconsidered small and constant. Cumulative fluid produced by this means as afunction of time was calculated for a uniform reservoir by van Everdingen andHurst.1 For certain cases where a production well has been damagedor where an acid treatment has been used, a zone of properties different fromthose of the reservoir may be created around the production well. In such acase, expansion of the reservoir fluid takes place in a system composed of twoconcentric cylindrical regions of different reservoir properties. Suchcomposite systems were studied in connection with heat flow byJaeger2 who presented a solution for temperature distribution in aradial system with an infinitely large outer radius. Similar heat flow problemshave been studied by other authors;3 Oil production from compositereservoirs was studied for constant production rate by Hurst,4Loucks and Guerrero,5 and Carter.6

THEORY
This work considers constant terminal pressure. Cumulative flow iscalculated for a composite bounded system in which no flow takes place acrossthe outer boundary (Fig. 1). Since the flow is considered to be purely radial, the problem involves only one space dimension and time. It is convenient todefine the following dimensionless pressure drops (Fig. 1).
A New Method for Petroleum Fractions and Crude oil Characterization
Authors: Miquel Jaume , Hernández Jacobo , Castells Francese 
Published: December 2007

Summary
A new procedure for petroleum fraction and crude oil characterization is proposed that is based on pseudocomponent breakdown by the integral method. The method requires only the atmospheric true-boiling-point (TBP) distillation curve and whole-fraction density. The pseudocomponents are obtained by sequentially applying an optimization procedure in which the mass balance is accomplished exactly and the molar-balance error is minimized.
Saturated-Steam-Property Functional Correlations for Fully Implicit Thermal Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Tortike W. S. , Ali S. M. Farouq 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Current methods for determining saturated-steam properties are to look them up in steam tables and interpolate and to use discontinuous polynomial approximations to the experimental data. The latter require heavy computation and are restricted to certain regions of the saturation envelope. This paper presents a complete suite of properties as functions of simple continuous polynomials throughout almost the entire saturation envelope.
Effective Design of Insulated Tubing for a Sour Environment
Authors: Cormier Ken 
Published: December 2007

Summary
In recent years, significant advances have been made in the performance and durability of insulated tubing. Shell Canada Ltd. has paid particular attention to design considerations that ensure long-term thermal performance of sealed-jacket insulated tubing. The most notable modification to date has been the successful application of "getters" to mitigate the negative thermal effects of hydrogen contamination of the tubing annulus.
Solids-Free Brine-in-Oil Emulsions for Well Completion
Authors: Ezzat A. M. , Blattel S. R. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
An invert emulsion fluid composed of brine (e.g., NaCl, NaBr, CaCl2, CaBr2, and ZnBr2) emulsified into hydrocarbon oil (e.g., diesel, crude, or mineral) was formulated with a mixture of nonionic surfactant emulsifiers. Laboratory investigations were conducted to define the emulsion characteristics and to develop methods for controlling the fluid's rheological properties and emulsion stability at elevated temperatures. This system has oil as the external phase, and the stability of the emulsion in most cases is linked to the homogeneity and fineness of the brine-dispersed droplets. The emulsion stability is also related to its viscosity and to the strength of the interfacial film formed by the emulsifiers that coat the brine droplets. For packer-fluid applications, the solids-free invert emulsions offer several advantages over conventional oil- and water-based muds. For example, the fluid is virtually nonconductive, providing greater corrosion protection than conventional water-based muds and clear brines. It can also provide formation protection characteristics and can solve such problems as clay swelling and solids invasion. This new completion fluid is ideal for perforating, drilling in, under-reaming, and gravel packing. The emulsion can be filtered through a less-than-10-μm cartridge filter and can be reclaimed and used again. This new completion fluid was used successfully in the field as a packer fluid and as a perforating fluid for testing a reservoir that was drilled with conventional oil-based mud.
Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Gravel Packing on Gas-Well Productivity
Authors: Oyeneyin M. B. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper presents an aid in the effective design of a comprehensive optimum gas-well completion program involving the gravel-packing method of sand control to ensure maximum productivity for a long period. A numerical approach using PI as a measure of eventual well performance is used in analyzing the productivity of gravel-packed gas wells with a computer. An outline of the comprehensive equations needed to compute PI under steady- and semisteady-state flow conditions based on modified Darcy's law for gas flow is presented. The final analysis with the computer package centers on how best to design a gravel-packed gas-well program that will ensure maximum productivity.
Comparison of Solutions of the Nonlinear and Linearized Diffusion Equations
Authors: Odeh A. S. , Babu D. K. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryAnalytical solutions to the nonlinear partial-differential equation (PDE) that describes pressure behavior during the flow of slightly compressible fluid through porous media are presented. The solutions are compared with the generally accepted solutions of the linearized version of the original nonlinear PDE. It is shown that for routine engineering applications, the solutions to the linearized equation are satisfactory. However, the nonlinear solutions show that some accepted concepts based on the linear solutions are not valid. Moreover, if one is looking for small differences between the field-measured pressure values and the theoretically calculated ones, the solutions to the nonlinear equation should be used in place of the linear solutions.
Optimizing Hydraulic-Fracture Length in the Spraberry Trend
Authors: Barba Robert E. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Between 1982 and 1986, more than 3,000 new wells were drilled in the Spraberry trend in west Texas. All these wells have been hydraulically fractured with ever-increasing volumes of fracturing fluids and proppant. Little work has been done to date to establish an optimum hydraulic-fracture length. A group of wells drilled in Midland County was studied with use of data from geological mapping, cores, openhole logs, postfracture pressure-transient testing, and production declines. From these data, a model was developed to predict production declines before completion. By combining this with well- and completion-cost data, an optimum fracture length can be determined with an internal rate of return (IRR) method.
Accurate Resolution of Physical Dispersion in the Multidimensional Numerical Modeling of Miscible and Chemical Displacement
Authors: Gupta Akhil Datta 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper presents a finite-difference scheme for numerical modeling of the convection-dominated flows common in miscible or chemical flooding in porous media. The proposed difference operator possesses desirable phase and amplitude properties capable of resolving sharp fronts with negligible over- and undershoot. The scheme is generalized to multidimensions. Difference analogs have been derived for variable grid sizes for large-scale compositional simulations. Application to 3D miscible displacement problems and comparison with other standard industry methods have demonstrated the scheme's effectiveness in controlling numerical diffusion and grid-orientation sensitivity without any significant additional computational effort.
The Effect of Rock Wettability on Water Blocking During Miscible Displacement
Authors: Lin Eugene C. , Huang Edward T. S. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
The influence of rock wettability on water blocking of oil during miscible displacements is investigated through both laboratory coreflood experiments and numerical simulations. For non-water-wet cores, the amount of oil remaining in the cores depends on solvent throughput. A solvent-throughput-dependent water-blocking function is proposed for a numerical model to account for the slow release of oil.
Compaction Within the South Belridge Diatomite
Authors: Chase C. A. , Dietrich J. K. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Compaction is incorporated into a field-scale finite-difference thermal simulator to allow practical engineering analysis of reservoir compaction caused by fluid withdrawal. Capabilities new to petroleum applications include hysteresis in the form of limited rebound during fluid injection and the concept of relaxation time (i.e., creep).
Field Application of Minifracture Analysis To Improve Fracturing Treatment Design
Authors: Tan Hyok C. , McGowen James M. , Sollman Mohamed Y. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThis paper presents a comparison of different minifracture analysis techniques, correction of field data to incorporate the effects of temperature and fluid compressibility, determination of closure pressure from various methods to perform the minifracture analysis accurately, field application of minifracture analysis to improve design fracturing treatment, and case histories of full-scale fracturing treatments designed with the parameters obtained from minifracture analysis.
The Effects of Abrasives on Electrical Submersible Pumps
Authors: Wilson Brown L. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe electrical submersible pump (ESP) is a high-speed rotating device. Its operational life in oil wells can depend on the type and quantities of abrasives present in the produced fluid. This paper reports on a set of experiments performed in a specialized abrasive test loop. In the test, the size and quantity of abrasives were varied along with flow rate through the pump. This paper also examines recent literature on sand production and explores some of the practical problems in sand measurement.
Use of a New Four-Component Drilling System in the Attaka Field
Authors: Sawolo N. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Unocal Indonesia Ltd. significantly reduced drilling time and cost by introducing a four-component drilling system in the Attaka field. The new drilling system includes use of polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) bits, a low-toxicity oil-based mud (LTOBM), a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) survey tool, and a steerable positive-displacement mud motor. This paper presents a case study that shows the advantages of the new drilling system over the conventional drilling technique.
Distributed Pressure Measurements Allow Early Quantification of Reservoir Dynamics in the Jene Field
Authors: Bunn G. F. , Wittmann M. J. , Morgan W. D. , Curnutt R. C. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
The Jene field is an undersaturated oil reservoir in a carbonate reefal buildup. Initial production was accompanied by a rapid pressure decline that clearly outlined the need for early pressure maintenance. The widely varying petrophysical properties—in particular, the presence of extensive "tight" streaks—complicated the decisions on location and capacity of water injectors. This, in turn, affected plans for infill drilling, field- and well-production strategies, and estimates of recovery at abandonment. Early production data, combined with systematic pressure measurements, were used to fine-tune a reservoir simulator just a few months after the onset of production, with only about 0.5% of the estimated original oil in place (OOIP) produced.
Matching data included well flowing and shut-in pressures, pressure-buildup tests, and interference tests, and most importantly, layer pressures as derived from Repeat Formation Tester (RFT™) surveys. The matched model was used to evaluate various development strategies to maximize recovery. This paper critically compares the various options and evaluates the sensitivities of the predictions to variations of input parameters. A model update was performed after the original paper was presented. Some interesting results of this update are discussed and appropriate conclusions drawn.
Design of Fracturing Treatments in Multilayered Formations
Authors: Naceur K. Ben , Roeglers J. C. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe propagation of a set of hydraulically induced fractures is simulated with boundary-integral methods. The technique allows simulation of a single fracture in a varying stress field, as well as a set of arbitrarily oriented fractures. Applications relate to interacting parallel and collinear fractures. Fracture geometry is shown to be affected significantly by the interaction of these fractures.
Stimulation-Fluid Systems for Naturally Fractured Tight Gas Sandstones: A General Case Study
Authors: Sattler A. R. , Raible C. J. , Gall B. L. , Gill P. J. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryExtensive production testing and core analyses show that production from the low-permeability sandstones in the Mesaverde formation at the U.S. DOE Multiwell Experiment (MWX) field laboratory is dominated by natural fractures. Stimulation data strongly suggest that damage to the narrow natural fractures significantly affects poststimulation production. This paper summarizes the field data that show evidence for production from natural fractures and for damage to those narrow natural fractures by stimulation fluids, resulting in decreased gas production. The nature of these interactions was clarified through laboratory studies on the degradation of stimulation fluids and the permeability damage to artificially fractured core exposed to the fluids. Evidence confirms that stimulation-fluid damage to the narrow natural fractures restricted the production of gas in early MWX stimulations, consistent with the partial reversibility of fluid damage to natural fractures following a long-term shut-in. A controlled breaker system was designed for use with temperature-stable biopolymer foam. Use of this fluid system in a later MWX stimulation substantially increased gas production and reduced the evidence of damage.
Pore Geometry in High- and Low-Permeability Sandstones, Travis Peak Formation, East Texas
Authors: Soeder D. J. , Chowdiah Prasan 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Petrographic and petrophysical analyses have revealed that tight sandstone possesses distinct petrological properties that differentiate it from conventional sands. Diagenetic alteration changes a wide variety of fluvial, deltaic, and marine sands into similar low-permeability rocks with nearly identical pore structures. In this paper, changes in the pore geometry and petrology as conventional sandstones become tight are examined within a single East Texas sandstone formation.
A Brief History of the Wasson EOR Project
Authors: Bullock Gary W. , Wood Terry B. , Konecki Mark L. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Amoco Production Co. and its partners embarked on a CO2-based EOR project in 1982 at the Wasson ODC Unit (WODCU), Wasson field, Yoakum County, TX. Many years of studies and carefully coordinated planning preceded the project's approval. This paper reviews several aspects of the project and details the WODCU CO2 removal plant.
A Simple Correlation for Estimation of Multiphase Pressure Drop in an Oil Pipeline
Authors: Behnia Masud , Ilic Vojislav 
Published: December 2007

Summary
A basis for developing a simple-to-use multiphase-pressure-drop correlation that could be applied to the design or assessment of pipelines with flows of oil and gas mixtures was established. Simple correlations for predicting the pressure drop are proposed and tested with a data bank from the oil industry.
Design of Concentric Tubular Members
Authors: Imm Gary R. , Stahl Bernhard 
Published: December 2007

Summary
New design equations are developed for several types of concentric tubular-member systems. The design methodology currently used for platform conductors is extended to analyze deepwater conductor systems, telescopic pile-sleeve systems, and pile-jacket leg systems. The resulting equations, which are similar to the widely known American Inst. of Steel Construction (AISC) equations, provide an accurate means of assessing the buckling and ultimate strength capacity of a concentric tubular-member system.
A Shallow-Gas-Kick Simulator Including Diverter Performance
Authors: Starrett Michael P. , Hill A. Dan , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: December 2007

Summary
A computer simulator of the flow and pressure behaviors in wellbores and diverters (large horizontal flowlines from the wellhead) was developed to predict performance during shallow gas blowouts. The model is based on the solution of the unsteady-state mechanical energy-balance equation for pipe flow. Four main regions are considered: the reservoir, the two-phase gas/liquid region in the wellbore, the liquid being displaced ahead of the two-phase region, and the diverter. For the reservoir, equations for transient radial gas flow are used. In the two-phase region, Aziz et al.'s two-phase flow model is used to calculate liquid holdup and factional pressure drop. For liquid ahead of the gas, pressure losses caused by the acceleration of the liquid column are considered. Flow in the diverter allows for two-phase critical flow at the diverter exit. At each timestep, the model calculates the pressure, fraction of each phase present, and velocity throughout the well and the diverter by use of an iterative procedure. The model has shown that the pressure and velocity behaviors depend strongly on the initial difference between bottomhole pressure (BHP) and reservoir pressure and on the wellbore and diverter diameters.