bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Stress Classification Using EEG and ECG: A CNN Based Multimodal Fusion Model
Authors: Zhou Ben , Wang Lei , Jiang Chenyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Psychological stress cannot be ignored in today's society, and there is an urgent need for an objective and cost-effective method to detect it. However, traditional machine learning methods that require manual feature extraction require a lot of research time and cannot guarantee accuracy. In this paper, we establish a four-category stress multimodal dataset by collecting EEG and ECG signals from 24 subjects performing mental arithmetic tasks with different difficulty levels and propose a multimodal decision fusion model based on Convolution Neural Network to classify the data. The prediction probabilities of EEG and ECG signals for the four stress categories are first extracted by two models each and then fused into the decision model for the final classification, 5-fold cross-validation and Leave-Three-Subjects-Out experiments are performed, which achieve 91.14% and 91.97% accuracy, respectively. In addition, the features of the convolution layer were visualized using the 1D-Grad-CAM method to improve the interpretability of the model.
In dogs (Canis familiaris), social stimulus overshadows nonsocial stimulus, and stronger attachment correlates with responses to the latter
Authors: Shinoda Kumi , Noguchi Nanae , Kondo Nagi , Nagasawa Miho , Kikusui Takefumi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The emotional reactivity hypothesis predicts that reduced fear and aggression in domesticated animals improves their social cognitive abilities toward humans. However, no studies in dogs (Canis familiaris) have shown that higher individual temperament is associated with higher social cognitive abilities, such as human pointing. In this study, we first trained dogs to learn correct responses in a two-choice task using a compound stimulus consisting of social (human pointing) and nonsocial stimuli (printed figures on paper) as cues. Social and nonsocial stimuli were presented alone to examine whether the social stimulus overshadowed the nonsocial stimulus. We also examined the correlation between temperament scores based on the Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) and task performance. The results showed that social stimuli overshadowed nonsocial stimuli in most dogs, indicating that dogs used social stimuli from humans more frequently than nonsocial stimuli. Strong positive correlations were observed between attachment scores and correct response rates to nonsocial stimuli, but there was no correlation between aggression/fear and correct response rates to social stimuli. We considered that positive correlations in attachment scores and correct response rates to nonsocial stimuli indicate the degree of individual attentiveness to various environmental stimuli, that responses to human pointing are likely to be reinforced from an early age. In addition, individual fear and aggression and social cognitive abilities can vary separately.
Incidence, risk factors, management strategies and outcomes of antibody-mediated rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients – a multicenter analysis of the Cooperative European Paediatric Renal Transplant Initiative (CERTAIN)
Authors: Fichtner Alexander , Gauché Laura , Süsal Caner , Tran Thuong Hien , Waldherr Rüdiger , Krupka Kai , Guzzo Isabella , Carraro Andrea , Oh Jun , Zirngibl Matthias , Weitz Marcus , König Jens , Büscher Anja , Berta Laszlo , Simon Thomas , Awan Atif , Rusai Krisztina , Topaloglu Rezan , Peruzzi Licia , Printza Nikoleta , Kim Jon Jin , Weber Lutz T. , Melk Anette , Pape Lars , Rieger Susanne , Patry Christian , Höcker Britta , Tönshoff Burkhard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background.
This study by the Cooperative European Paediatric Renal Transplant Initiative (CERTAIN) was designed to determine the incidence, risk factors, current management strategies and outcomes of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in pediatric kidney transplant recipients (pKTR).
Methods.
We performed an international, multicenter, longitudinal cohort study of data reported to the Cooperative European Paediatric Renal Transplant Initiative (CERTAIN) registry. 337 pKTR from 21 European centers were analyzed. Clinical outcomes, including renal dysfunction, rejection, HLA donor-specific antibodies, BK polyomavirus-associated (BKPyV) nephropathy, and allograft loss, were assessed through 5 years posttransplant.
Results.
The cumulative incidence of de novo donor-specific class I HLA antibodies (HLA-DSA) posttransplant was 4.5% in year 1, 8.3% in year 3 and 13% in year 5; the corresponding data for de novo class II HLA-DSA were 10%, 22.5%, and 30.6%, respectively. During 5 years posttransplant, the cumulative incidence of acute ABMR was 10% and that of chronic active ABMR was 5.9%. HLA-DR mismatch and de novo HLA-DSA, especially double positivity for class I and class II HLA-DSA, were significant risk factors for ABMR, whereas cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG negative recipient and CMV IgG negative donor were associated with a lower risk. BKPyV nephropathy was associated with the highest risk of graft dysfunction, followed by ABMR, T-cell mediated rejection and older donor age.
Conclusions.
This study provides an estimate of the incidence of de novo HLA-DSA and ABMR in pKTR and highlights the importance of BKPyV nephropathy as a strong risk factor for allograft dysfunction.
Urban environmental noise and depression causal pathway: Potential role of chronic conditions as mediator
Authors: Olea Enrique Sanz , Hernández Jesus León , Suarez Joaquin Lozano , Artiñano Begoña , Briz Veronica , Karakitsios Spyros , Sarigiannis Dimosthenis , Santos Saul García Dos , Nuñez-Corcuera Beatriz , Ramis Rebeca 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Accepting the fact of a growing urban population and associated health risks, such as increased exposure to pollutants, and considering the high prevalence of chronic diseases, this study aims to investigate the relationship between exposure to environmental noise and depression. The primary objective is to determine the potential mediating role of chronic diseases in this relationship. This study is part of the European H2020 URBANOME project, designed to explore the relationship between the environment and health in urban settings. The main goal of the project is to promote urban health, well-being, and liveability by systematically integrating health concerns into urban policies and civic activities. We obtained the data for this study from the Madrid City Health Survey, conducted through computer-assisted telephone interviews. Outcome variables assessed through self-reports included depression, exposure to environmental noise, and the presence of chronic diseases. We used a counterfactual mediation framework, implemented by the R package multimediate, to evaluate the potential mediating role of chronic diseases in the relationship between exposure to environmental noise and depression. The study included 8,445 interviews, with a higher percentage of women (54.67%) than men. 23.29% were over 65, and 17.17% under 30. Notably, 7.82% reported depression, 39.53% had chronic diseases, and 35.43% acknowledged noise exposure. In our regression model, those exposed to environmental noise were 1.24 times more likely to have a chronic disease, and individuals with a chronic disease were 2.93 times more likely to suffer from depression. The relationship between noise exposure and depression showed a 12% mediation by chronic diseases, with a 95% confidence interval from 5% to 22%. Our findings suggest a link between environmental noise exposure and depression, potentially mediated by chronic diseases. This points out the need for public health interventions to reduce urban noise exposure and improve mental health. Furthermore, prospective studies are needed for confirmation, incorporating noise level measurements and temporal data on the onset of chronic diseases and depression.
Effect of over-the-counter teeth whitening products available on an e-market portal: an in-vitro study
Authors: Agarwal Radhika , Vasani Nikki , Mense Urmila Sachin , Prasad Niharika , Thomas Manuel Sebastian , Shetty Aditya , Natarajan Srikant 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to compile and evaluate over-the-counter (OTC) toothwhitening products from a prominent e-marketplace, assessing their bleaching effectiveness and impact on enamel.
Methodology: Thirty-eight intact tooth sections were randomly divided into three groups: Group I, the positive control, was treated with a dentist-prescribed bleaching agent (DPA) (Opalescence, Ultradent, USA); Groups II and III were treated with the lowest-rated (LRA) and highest-rated (HRA) e-market bleaching agents, respectively. Ten samples per group were subjected to spectrophotometric analysis for bleaching efficacy, ten for postbleaching microhardness, and two per group for morphological evaluation through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, post hoc tests, and Student’s t tests, maintaining a significance level of P <0.05.
Results: The e-commerce search revealed 15 e-market products out of which most of them lacked usage instructions and comprehensive composition information. DPA exhibited superior tooth whitening, in contrast with the poorly rated online agent, which showed asignificantly lower degree of color change (P=0.007). Microhardness was significantly lower in the LRA treatment group (14.2%) than in the control and HRA treatment groups (8.84% and 7.26%, respectively) (P >0.05). Furthermore, LRA caused severe topographical alterations to the enamel.
Conclusion: e-portal OTC teeth whitening products lackvital information, while dentist-prescribed products outperform LRA products in terms of efficacy and enamel preservation.
Clinical relevance: Patients’ inclination toward easily accessible online products, particularly from platforms such asAmazon, may result in overuse and consequential deleterious effects on dental tissues.
Successful Management of Chromoblastomycosis Utilizing Conventional Antifungal Agents and Imiquimod Therapy
Authors: Zheng Jinjin , Liu Shougang , Xie Zhengmou , Chen Yangxia , Xi Liyan , Liu Hongfang , Liu Yinghui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic fungal infection affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues, is predominantly caused by dematiaceous fungi in tropical and subtropical areas. Characteristically, CBM presents as plaques and nodules, often leading to scarring post-healing. Alongside conventional diagnostic methods such as fungal microscopy, culture, and histopathology. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy can aid in accurate diagnosis. The treatment of CBM is an extended and protracted process. Imiquimod, acting as an immune response modifier, boosts the host's immune response against CBM, and controls scar hyperplasia, thereby reducing the treatment duration. We present a case of CBM in Guangdong with characteristic reflectance confocal microscopy manifestations, effectively managed through a combination of itraconazole, terbinafine, and imiquimod.
Optimizing scan duration and tracer dose in radiomic analysis for 18F-FDG PET/MR brain cancer
Authors: Zhuang Mingzan , Qiu Zhifen , Li Xianru , Xie Tianwu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives: This study is to optimize scan duration and tracer dose in radiomic analysis for 18F-FDG PET/MR brain cancer. Methods: Seventeen patients with brain cancer underwent PET/MR scans with injection of 3.70 MBq/kg 18F-FDG. PET images were split into 5 (PETSD5), 10 (PETSD10), 15 (PETSD15), and 25 (PETSD25) min duration groups, and the injected dose for each group with 10% (PETD10%), 20% (PETD20%), 33% (PETD33%) and 50% (PETD50%) dose levels were then simulated. 93 radiomic features were extracted and ICC was calculated for each feature between groups, respectively.
Results: ICC varied with the feature type, scan duration, and tracer dose. ICC for PETSD10, PETSD15, and PETSD25 in relation to PETSD5 showed an obviously decrease with the lengthen of scan duration and the reduction of tracer dose. ICC on PETD10%, PETD20%, PETD33%, and PETD50% in relation to full-dose PET gradually increased with the enlargement of tracer dose and the extending of scan duration. ICC on different combinations with respect to PETSD5 at full-dose presented similar trends in most features for PETSD10 at 50%, PETSD15 at 33%, and PETSD25 at 20%. Besides, 28 features were non-sensitive to different scan durations and/or dose levels. The intertations between features were slightly affected by different scan durations and/or dose levels, in which discrepancies were sensitive to the specific feature type.
Conclusions: PETSD10 at 50% might be the clinically adaptable solution for 18F-FDG PET/MR brain cancer, showing reduced radiation burden, better compatibility and clinical feasibility. Changes in scan duration and/or tracer dose in PET should be approached with caution.
Gene ontology-guided analyses of pan-primate regulatory LTR elements contributing to embryogenesis, development of physiological traits and pathological phenotypes of Modern Humans
Authors: Glinsky Gennadi V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Two distinct families of pan-primate endogenous retroviruses, namely HERVL and HERVH, infected primates germline, colonized host genomes, and evolved into the global genomic regulatory dominion (GRD) operating during human embryogenesis (HE). Analyzed in this contribution GRD derived from HERV sequences constitutes 8839 highly conserved fixed LTR elements linked to 5444 down-stream target genes forged by evolution into a functionally-consonant constellation of 26 genome-wide multimodular genomic regulatory networks (GRNs), each of which is defined by significant enrichment of numerous single gene ontology (GO)-specific traits. Locations of GRNs appear scattered across chromosomes to occupy from 5.5%-15.09% of human genome. Each GRN harbors from 529–1486 regulatory LTRs derived from LTR7, MLT2A1, and MLT2A2 sequences that appear quantitatively balanced according to their genome-wide abundance. GRNs integrate activities from 199–805 down-stream target genes, including transcription factors, chromatin-state remodelers, signal-sensing and signal-transduction mediators, enzymatic and receptor binding effectors, intracellular complexes and extracellular matrix elements, and cell-cell adhesion molecules. GRNs compositions consist of several hundred to thousands smaller GO enrichment-defined genomic regulatory modules (GRMs) combining from a dozen to hundreds LTRs and down-stream target genes, which appear to operate on individuals life-span timescale along specific phenotypic avenues to exert profound effects on patterns of transcription, protein-protein interactions, developmental phenotypes, physiological traits, and pathological conditions of Modern Humans. Overall, this study identifies 69,573 statistically significant regulatory LTR-linked GRMs (Binominal FDR q-value threshold of 0.001), including 27,601 GRMs validated by the single GO-specific directed acyclic graph (DAG) analyses across six GO annotations. Collectively, reported herein observations support the hypothesis that pan-primate ERVs have made significant impacts on evolution of GRNs affecting physiological traits and pathological conditions of Modern Humans, including phenotypes manifestation of which considered human-specific.
An Open GNSS Spoofing Data Repository: Characterization and Impact Analysis with FGI-GSRx Open-Source Software-Defined Receiver
Authors: Islam Saiful , Bhuiyan Mohammad Zahidul H. , Liaquat Muwahida , Pääkkönen Into , Kaasalainen Sanna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Spoofing is becoming a prevalent threat to the users of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It is important to deepen our understanding of spoofing attacks and develop resilient techniques to effectively combat this threat. Detecting and mitigating these attacks requires thorough testing, typically conducted in a laboratory environment through the establishment of a spoofing test-bed. The complexity, cost and resource demands of creating such a test-bed underscore the necessity of utilizing openly available datasets. To address this need, this paper introduces a new GNSS spoofing data repository from Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI) named hereafter as 'FGI-SpoofRepo'. This data repository consists of raw In-phase and Quadrature (I/Q) data of live recordings of GPS L1 C/A, Galileo E1, GPS L5, and Galileo E5a signals. These datasets encompass three distinct types of spoofing characteristics (synchronous, asynchronous, and meaconing), making them very useful example candidates of open data for testing the performance of any anti-spoofing techniques (be it detection or mitigation). The inclusion of live signals in multiple GNSS frequencies and the presence of cryptographic signatures in Galileo E1 signal make these datasets potential benchmarks for assessing the resilience performance of multi-frequency multi-constellation receivers. The analysis of the datasets is carried out with an open-source MATLAB-based software-defined receiver, FGI-GSRx. An updated version of FGI-GSRx, equipped with the necessary modifications for processing and analyzing the new datasets, is released alongside the datasets. Therefore, the GNSS research community can utilize the open-source FGI-GSRx or any third-party SDR to process the publicly available raw I/Q data for implementation, testing and validation of any new anti-spoofing technique. Overall, this research aims to advance the understanding of complex spoofing attacks on GNSS signals, providing insight into enhancing resilience in navigation systems.
Efficient Design of True Random Number Generator using multiple Ring Oscillator for key generation
Authors: Patel Roma , Gupta Ramji 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This work investigates the contribution and design with the 31 number of ring oscillators and constituent inverters and the truly randomness of non-deterministic Number Generators using ring oscillators on Field Programmable gate Array (FPGA). They are being used more often to create cryptographic systems for the reason of their similar encryption speed to system and resource efficiency. A conventional ring oscillator designed by using of n + 1 number of inverters, with the last inverter's output being fed back into the first one's input. Non deterministic number generator uses metastability states to generate random numbers and hence it uses an alternate source of jitter for entropy. In this menuscript the proposed design are implemented in the xillinx Vivado version 2018.3 in the environment of FPGA family Artix-7 (XC7A100TCSG324-1) with different numbers of constituent inverters and ring oscillators. The proposed True Random Number Generator (TRNG) design achieved 432.25 Mbp/s with 83.355 gain and consume 14.5% less power compare to some designs. The random bit streams generated from it pass all tests in the NIST statistical test suite.
The association of peripheral refraction and relative peripheral refraction with astigmatism in Shanghai schoolchildren’s myopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Huiyu , Chen Meng , Zhang Junjie , Chen Jun , Xu Yan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose Currently, no relevant studies have reported a relationship between astigmatism and peripheral refraction (PR). We aimed to describe the association between PR and relative peripheral refraction (RPR) with astigmatism in Chinese children with mild to moderate myopia, and to provide new insights into the influence of astigmatism. Methods Three-hundred-and-seven children (6–14 years old) from Shanghai were included in this study. The PR and RPR were measured using multispectral refraction topography (MRT). Cycloplegic refraction was measured using an autorefractor (KR-8900, Topcon), whereas axial length and ocular biological parameters were measured using Zeiss IOLMaster 700. Only data from the right eye were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression was used to explore the relationship between cylinder power and MRT parameters. Results Overall, the median spherical equivalent was − 1.50 D (interquartile range, IQR: -2.25, -0.88), showing an apparent trend of hyperopic defocus from the macula to the peripheral retina. Astigmatism was correlated with PR rather than RPR especially at eccentrically inferior and within a 45° radius of the retina (coefficients 0.12–0.18,P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that the effect of astigmatism on PR tended to increase with greater lens thickness. Conclusions Astigmatism may be a risk factor for myopia due to its impact on peripheral refraction as opposed to relative peripheral refraction. In this cohort, we also found evidence supporting the association between peripheral hyperopia and myopia development.
Hyponatremia is not induced by the administration of hypotonic fluids (half saline) during postoperative maintenance of infants with biliary atresia after sufficient diuresis is achieved
Authors: Yokota Kazuki , Uchida Hiroo , Shirota Chiyoe , Tainaka Takahisa , Sumida Wataru , Makita Satoshi , Amano Hizuru , Nakagawa Yoichi , Maeda Takuya , Gohda Yousuke , Kato Daiki , Hinoki Akinari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: In Japan, the administration of extra-hypotonic fluids (approximately 35 mEq/L of sodium) as maintenance fluid is still the mainstream practice, and there have been relatively few reports concerning maintenance intravenous fluid therapy. At our institution, since 2014, maintenance fluids containing 83 mEq/L of Na (HALF) have been administered after diuresis was achieved post-Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia. We investigated whether hyponatremia is induced by the administration of half saline during postoperative maintenance of infants with biliary atresia.
Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for biliary atresia at our institution were included. The serum sodium concentration ([Na]) before and after surgery and the incidence of hyponatremia were compared between the group of patients administered fluid with [Na] of 35 mEq/L (exHYPO group, 59 patients) and the group of patients administered fluid with [Na] of 83 mEq/L (HALF group, 20 patients).
Results: The median age of the patients was 59 days. There were no significant differences in the background or preoperative [Na] between the two groups. There was a significant decrease in [Na] on postoperative day 3 (POD3) in the exHYPO group compared with the preoperative [Na] value in the exHYPO group and the [Na] value on POD3 in the HALF group. There were no significant differences in [Na] before and after surgery in the HALF group. The odds ratio was 21.0 and the 95% confidence interval was 3.31–130, indicating that the exHYPO group had an increased risk of hyponatremia.
Conclusion: Administration of half saline as maintenance fluid can maintain [Na] during postoperative maintenance of infants with biliary atresia.