bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokine modulation of endothelial cell sensitivity to photodynamic therapy
Authors: Breider Mike A. , Lu Xiaochen , Panjehpour Masoud , Frazier Donita L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if recombinant angiogenic cytokines modulate the sensitivity of endothelial cells to the toxic effects of chloroaluminum sulphonated phthalocyanine (AlSPc) photodynamic therapy (PDT). Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in 24‐well tissue culture plates were pretreated for 24 hr with AlSPc and either acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF), interleukin‐1‐α (IL‐1), or transforming growth factor‐β (TGF) followed by argon‐pumped dye laser. Endothelial cell damage was monitored with 51chromium release. FGF, TGF, and, to a lesser extent, IL‐1, enhanced the PDT‐mediated damage to endothelial cells, whereas PDGF and TNF did not significantly modulate toxicity. The enhanced endothelial cell damage was seemingly not related to rate of cell proliferation or amount of photoactive drug uptake by the EC. These results suggest that presence of tumor secreted cytokines may enhance PDT‐mediated toxicity of tumor associated endothelial cells. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pump/probe transmission measurements of corneal tissue during excimer laser ablation
Authors: Pettit G. H. , Ediger M. N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTransient changes in the transmission of a 355 nm probe pulse through corneal tissue during 193 nm ArF laser ablation have been examined. A significant decrease in collimated transmission of the probe beam was observed for time delays between 10 ns and 1 ms after the 193 nm laser pulse. At 10 ns delay the collimated probe transmission was 70% of the preablation level. Minimum collimated transmission (40%) was observed at 30 μs delay. Transmitted probe examination by both diode array and integrating sphere measurements indicate the observed attenuation is due to scattering of the incident probe beam and not due to absorption. The significant scattering at nanosecond delay times suggests onset of the ablation process during the ArF pulse. Scattering therefore may affect the deposition of the 193 nm radiation in the ablation target. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro decalcification of aortic valve leaflets with the Er:YSGG laser, Ho:YAG laser, and the cavitron ultrasound surgical aspirator
Authors: Williamson Warren A. , Aretz H. Thomas , Weng Guoxing , Shahian David M. , Hamilton William M. , Pankratov Michail M. , Shapshay Stanley M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to compare the efficacy of the erbium: yttrium‐scandium‐gallium‐garnet (Er:YSGG) laser and the holmium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Ho:YAG) lasers in debriding calcium from freshly explanted aortic valve leaflets and to compare the Er:YSGG laser with the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA). Aortic valve leaflets were freshly explanted from patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Initially, 4 leaflets each were debrided with the Er:YSGG and the Ho:YAG lasers to attempt removal of calcium deposits while preserving the underlying integrity of the leaflets and minimizing thermal damage. The Er:YSGG laser was more effective in doing so with less thermal and photoacoustic damage when compared with the Ho:YAG laser.Twelve more leaflets each were then debrided with the Er:YSGG laser and the CUSA. The Er:YSGG laser again proved less injurious to the underlying leaflet. The CUSA‐treated leaflets demonstrated shattering and disruption of adjacent tissue as well as collagen fiber exposure. These changes were not seen with the Er:YSGG laser. Because of these properties, the Er:YSGG laser merits further evaluation as a tool for aortic valvuloplasty procedures in selected patients with senescent calcific aortic stenosis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in oxidative metabolism of murine spleen following laser and superluminous diode (660–950 nm) irradiation: Effects of cellular composition and radiation parameters
Authors: Karu T. , Andreichuk T. , Ryabykh T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemiluminescence (CL) of splenocytes of A/Sn mice was recorded after irradiation of the cells with various individual laser an superluminous diode probes at wavelengths from 660 to 950 nm (pulse repetition rates varying from 4 to 5,000 Hz) and at various doses. Laser radiation was found to increase or suppress the spontaneous CL of splenocytes suspension, the amplitude and the sign of the effect depending on the cellular composition of the samples. Direct correlations between the effect of laser radiation (per cent in changes of CL when irradiated at 820 nm, 1.1.103 J/m2, 292 Hz) and per cent of plasmacytes (r = 0.743, P<0.001), neutrophils (r = 0.650, P<0.001) as well as myelocytes and metamyelocytes (r = 0.505, P<0.01) were established. The correlation with per cent of lymphocytes (r = −0.590, P<0.001) was found to be a reverse one. Dependence of the irradiation effects on dose, pulse repetition rate, and wavelength are presented. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analgesic effect of Ga‐Al‐As diode laser irradiation on hyperalgesia in carrageenin‐induced inflammation
Authors: Honmura Akie , Ishii Akemi , Yanase Masahiro , Obata Junichi , Haruki Eiichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study concerned the effect of Ga‐Al‐As diode laser irradiation (780 nm, continuous wave, 31.8 J/s/cm2, spot size od 0.2 mm, 3 minutes/dose) on hyperalgesia induced in the hind paw of rats by injecting carrageenin. The pressure‐pain thresholds of hind paws were measured by the Randall‐Selitto test for evaluation of hyperalgesia. Two doses of laser irradiation, given to the inflamed region immediately before and after the injection of carrageenin, partially (∼ 50%) inhibited the occurrence of hyperalgesia accompanied with a progression of inflammation. This analgesic effect was equal to that of indomethacin (4 mg/kg, i.o.). In another group, the hyperalgesia was removed almost completely for at least 24 hours by one dose of laser irradiation, which was given 3 hours after the carrageenin injection, whereas the edema was not inhibited. This analgesic effect, however, was partially (∼ 50%) antagonized with a dose of 10 mg/kg (i.p.) of naloxone and totally inhibited with 30 mg/kg. These results suggest that low‐power laser irradiation on inflamed regions of carrageenin‐treated rats has a marked analgesic effect and that certain mechanisms that are not related to endogenous opioids are involved in a part of the mechanisms of the analgesic effects. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI guided interstitial laser therapy in a rat malignant glioma model
Authors: El‐Ouahabi Abdessamad , Guttmann Charles R. G. , Hushek Stephen G. , Bleier Alan R. , Dashner Kathleen , Dikkes Pieter , McL. Black Peter , Jolesz Ferenc A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have used MR monitoring to guide and evaluate the effects of the Nd:YAG interstitial laser on a well‐characterized rat brain tumor model (C6). MRI was used to determine the tumor size, verify the location of the interstitial probe, and evaluate the size and location of the laser–induced lesion during and after treatment. During laser irradiation, an irreversible loss of signal intensity at the fiber tip and a reversible decrease in signal intensity around it were observed with MRI. None of the treatment protocols affected mean rat survival significantly. Although MRI‐guided interstitial laser therapy appears to be safe and easy, it does not provide a curative treatment for spatially disseminated gliomas where a “target volume” cannot be adequately defined. Better results can be expected, especially in well‐defined tumors, with improvements of both the imaging techniques and the laser treatment protocol. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic activity of liposome‐delivered Cd‐texaphyrin using tumor‐bearing nude mice
Authors: König Karsten , Genze Felicitas , Miller Kurt , Rück Angelika , Reich Ella , Repassy Denes 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPhotodynamic effects in bladder‐tumor bearing nude mice induced by a krypton ion laser (752.5 nm) after i.v. application of liposome‐delivered cadmium texaphyrin were investigated. Cd‐texaphyrin possesses strong absorption transitions in the far red spectral region (around 760 nm) and a high quantum efficiency of singlet oxygen production. No therapeutic effects were obtained using irradiation 24 hours after administration of the sensitizer, whereas phototreatment 2 hours after application led to significant tumor reduction. This corresponds well with studies on fluorophore‐labeled liposomes indicating highest tumor accumulation 1–2 hours after administration. However, the induced cytotoxic effects were lower than those of HpD. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soft tissue studies with 805 nm diode laser radiation: Thermal effects with contact tips and comparison with effects of 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser radiation
Authors: Judy Millard M. , Matthews J. Lester , Aronoff Billie L. , Hults Donald F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study compares the perioperative depths of thermal coagulation, charring, and incision in rabbit liver, internal anterior abdominal wall skeletal muscle, and abdominal skin and in swine liver and abdominal skin obtained with 805 nm diode laser and 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser radiation using 300‐μm‐diameter conicaltip and 1,200‐μm‐diameter spherical‐tip contact fibers by hand. Additionally, the total depth of tissue necrosis surrounding incisions made with both lasers and contact tips is determined 48 hours postoperatively in the three tissues, and healing of the liver and abdominal wall muscle 21 and 35 days postoperatively is assessed histologically. Perioperatively determined charring, coagulation, and incision depth obtained in all tissues with either 805 nm or 1,064 nm laser radiation were sensibly equivalent at equal laser power values for each of the two contact tip shapes tested. At equal laser power values, coagulation depths obtained in rabbit abdominal skin using the 300‐μm‐diameter conical tip differed significantly (P ⩽ 0.01) from those values obtained with the 1,200‐μm‐diameter spherical tip. Incision depths obtained with the two different contact tip shapes at equal laser power settings in the different tissues studied differed in a few instances with no apparent pattern relating to tissue type or laser power. Depth of incisions obtained with both laser and tip types increases in the range of 6–12 w, but plateaus in the range 12–18 w in the tissues studied. Incisions obtained with both diode and Nd:YAG laser contact were essentially hemostatic, with self‐limiting oozing at most. Tissue necrosis examined at 48 hours showed invasion of inflammatory cells in liver, abdominal skeletal muscle, and skin; 21 and 35 days postoperatively, histology samples of liver and skeletal muscle showed healing with normal fibrous tissue deposition. Results of this study support the essential equivalency of tissue thermal effects obtained with the 805 nm diode and Nd:YAG lasers in the contact mode and support the use of the diode laser as an alternative medical laser. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Q‐switched CTE:YAG (2.69 μm) laser ablation: Basic investigations on soft (corneal) and hard (dental) tissues
Authors: Kermani O. , Lubatschowski H. , Asshauer Th. , Ertmer W. , Lukin A. , Ermakov B. , Krieglstein G. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAblative infrared lasers either show poor transmission in optical fibers (Er:YAG: 2.94 μm; ErCr:YSGG: 2.79 μm) or are characterized by potential relevant thermal side effects (Ho:YAG: 2.1 μm). The CTE:YAG laser (Cr,Tm,Er doted YAG) emits radiation at a wavelength of 2.69 μm. Efficiently high optical fiber transmission is accomplished (attenuation: < 8db/m for Low‐Hydroxy‐Fused‐Silica (LHFS): 0.3 ppm). Since the laser can easily be run in the Q‐switch mode (pulse duration: 0.5–2.5 μs) thermal side effects of tissue interaction were expected to be low. Laser tissue interaction was studied on soft (porcine and human cornea), as well as on hard (human dental) tissue. Histological and micromorphological examinations were performed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that ablation rates in corneal tissue increased from 5 to 90 μm/pulse with increasing laser fluences (5.5–20 J/cm2). Collateral thermal damage reached as far as 20 ± 5 μm, and was higher (up to 50 μm) when craters where processed in the contact mode using LHFS‐optical fibers. In comparison to soft tissue ablation, hard dental tissue ablation showed very little increase of ablation rate (1–3 μm/pulse) when higher fluences were applied. In dental tissue processing, the ablative effect was accompanied by a luminescence, indicating the presence of plasma. We conclude that the presented CTE:YAG laser can be considered as an effective tool for a variety of laser surgical applications where high power optical fiber delivery is required and where strong thermal side effects are not desired. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ab‐interno erbium (Er):YAG laser sclerostomy with iridotomy in Dutch cross rabbits
Authors: Hill Richard A. , Le Minh T. , Yashiro Hideko , Constan Chris , Treadway Anthony , Stern David , Lesiecki Michael L. , Brown Lisa , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn ab‐interno technique using a pigmented rabbit model has been developed that uses a pulsed erbium:YAG laser to create an iridotomy with a sclerostomy through the same corneal incision. Laser energy was delivered with an articulated arm terminating in side‐firing (850 or 650 μm OD) or end‐firing (850 or 400 μm OD) fiber optic endoprobes, which allowed iridotomies and sclerostomies, respectively, to be created. Initially, sclerostomies (8–10, 8 mJ/300 μs pulses) and basal iridotomies (1–3, 4 mJ/200 μs pulses) were created with the larger probes. Problems encountered with this technique included corneal decompensation and rapid formation of peripheral anterior synechiae with occlusion of sclerostomies. The smaller endoprobes were then used to create midperipheral iridotomies and sclerostomies utilizing the same energy parameters. Sclerostomies created in this manner remained patent in the first postoperative week until the animals were sacrificed to obtain material for histologic study. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current status of infrared fiber optics for medical laser power delivery
Authors: Merberg Glenn N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere are a host of fiber‐optic delivery devices available for use with the Er:YAG, HF, CO, and CO2 lasers at 2.9, 2.8, 5.3, and 10.6 μm wavelengths, respectively. While many of these fibers are not as convenient to use as conventional silica fibers, they offer the ability to deliver infrared laser energy for a wide variety of medical applications. The fundamental attributes of fluoride glass, chalcogenide glass, single‐crystal sapphire, and polycrystalline silver halide optical fibers are reviewed and their practical properties tabulated. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ablation of polymethylmethacrylate by Ho:YAG, Nd:YAG, and Erb:YAG lasers
Authors: Buchelt Martin , Kutschera Hans‐Paul , Katterschafka Thomas , Kiss Harald , Lang Susanne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHo:YAG, Nd:YAG, and Erb:YAG laser ablation of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was investigated under in vitro and simulated clinical conditions. Ablation rates were measured for all lasers and after ablation, macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the ablation site was investigated. The mean ablation rates of the Erb:YAG, Ho:YAG, and Nd:YAG laser increased from 8 μm per pulse at 100 mJ to 44 μm per pulse at 300 mJ from 100 μm per pulse at 200 mJ to 222 μm per pulse at 800 mJ and from 28 μm per pulse at 100 mJ to 189 μm per pulse at 800 mJ, respectively. Macroscopic investigation exhibited melting of bone cement for the Ho:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers and pulse‐to‐pulse vaporization for the Erb:YAG laser. The width of thermal alteration, however, was comparable for all lasers used. Removal of cement from bone specimens under simulated clinical conditions showed good detachment of cement when the fiber was used parallel; in case of perpendicular use, remainders of cement and carbonization of bone could be observed upon histological investigation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selecting source locations in multifiber interstitial laser photocoagulation
Authors: Wyman Douglas R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA theoretical basis and practical algorithm are described for selecting optimal fiber source locations in multifiber interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP). By analyzing the shape of overlapping coagulation patterns, the optimal separation of adjacent point heat sources inside a flat target volume boundary is shown to be d* = 2√2rc, where rc is the coagulation radius of a single source. Against a curved boundary, the algorithm specifies how d* should be altered. To assess the validity of the theory, ILP was conducted in bovine muscle by delivering 1064 nm laser energy through two or four plane‐cut optical fibers simultaneously. Delivered power, exposure duration, and source separation were varied. The observed coagulation patterns matched the theorypredicted patterns at delivered powers of 1.60W and 1.85W, but not at 2.40W. Also, the experiments indicate that reciprocity of delivered power and exposure duration is invalid for ILP. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of radiation therapy and Photofrin® on tissue response in a rat model
Authors: Biel Merrill A. , Kim Tae , Trump Michael J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTreatment of advanced carcinomas of the head and neck may benefit from adjuvant photodynamic therapy and brachyradiotherapy. To date, however, there has been no controlled study to evaluate whether high‐dose irradiation can be safely accomplished without major tissue reaction in the presence of high circulating doses of Photofrin, the photosensitizing agent used in photodynamic therapy. Thirty adult male white rats were involved in the study. Fifteen rats received Photofrin 5 mg/kg intravenously, and 15 rats received the same volume of sterile saline intravenously. At 48 hours following injection, each rat received 1,000 cGy of radiation to a 3 × 5 cm area of dorsal skin using a cobalt linear accelerator unit. Skin changes postradiation were observed for degree of erythema, blistering, necrosis, and sloughing. Five rats from the Photofrin and control radiation groups were sacrificed on days 2, 7, and 21 postradiotherapy. Skin changes in each animal were identical with mild erythema lasting from 10–14 days postradiotherapy. There was no evidence of blistering, necrosis, or sloughing of skin in any of the animals studied. Histologic evaluation of the irradiated skin after sacrifice demonstrated no difference between the Photofrin and saline‐irradiated groups. As well, the histologic recovery from acute radiation injury was also identical. This controlled study demonstrates that radiation therapy may be safely administered without increased morbidity when tissue concentrations necessary to perform photodynamic therapy are present. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer using a 180° windowed esophageal balloon
Authors: Overholt Bergein F. , Panjehpour Masoud , Denovo Robert C. , Petersen Mark G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough delivery of uniform circumferential light is desirable during photodynamic therapy of advanced esophageal cancer in humans, early esophageal cancer may need only targeted treatment. Studies were performed in the canine esophagus of eight animals to investigate whether use of a “windowed” (shaded) centering balloon would improve targeted illumination of esophageal mucosa for photodynamic therapy. Shaded balloons were developed with a 2‐cm‐long, 360° or 180° clear “window.” Photofrin 4 mg/Kg was used as the photosensitizer. Light at 630 nm was delivered at 300 J/cm or 600 J/cm. Isotropic probes placed on the balloon wall allowed real‐time measurement and verification of relatively uniform light doses delivered to esophageal mucosa during balloon photodynamic therapy. With the windowed balloon, targeted delivery of photodynamic therapy was possible. Using the 180° balloon, mucosa exposed to illumination was destroyed, whereas mucosa protected from light by the balloon shading was undamaged. Healing was complete and strictures did not occur. The shading of the balloon protected normal mucosa and prevents the formation of esophageal strictures. The “windowed” centering balloon provides a technology and technique that allows targeted delivery of uniform light during esophageal PDT. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low intensity laser irradiation inhibits tritiated thymidine incorporation in the hemopoietic cell lines HL‐60 and U937
Authors: O'Kane Sharon , Shields T. Dolores , Gilmore William S. , Allen James M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low intensity laser irradiation (660 nm, 12 mW, 5 kHz) on tritiated thymidine incorporation in two hemopoietic cell lines, HL‐60 and U937. Cells were suspended at a concentration of 1 × 106/ml in their respective serum‐free media and irradiated at energy densities from 1.0 to 11.5 J/cm2. Twenty‐four hours after irradiation the cells were assayed for their ability to incorporate tritiated thymidine (3H‐TdR) in comparison with nonirradiated cells. Analysis by two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for unrelated groups showed that laser irradiation at all energy densities ⩾ 5.8 J/cm produced a significant decrease in 3H‐TdR incorporation (P < 0.05) into HL‐60 cells. In U937 cells, irradiation at energy densities of 5.8, 7.2, and 11.5 J/cm2 caused a similar reduction in 3H‐TdR incorporation (P < 0.01), although not at 8.6 and 9.6 J/cm2. The temperature of each cell suspension was recorded both during and immediately postirradiation, and no significant thermal changes were observed. These findings demonstrate a direct photobiological effect of laser irradiation on these two cell lines. The precise mechanism for this effect is unknown but may have significance in understanding the biological action of laser's known therapeutic effectiveness in promoting wound repair. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of low intensity laser (830 nm) irradiation on skin temperature and antidromic conduction latencies in the human median nerve: Relevance of radiant exposure
Authors: Lowe Andrea S. , Baxter G. David , Walsh Deirdre M. , Allen James M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of low intensity near‐infrared laser radiation (830 nm; 1.5–12 J/cm2; continuous wave) on peripheral neurophysiology and skin temperature were investigated using antidromic conduction studies in the human median nerve in vivo. Healthy human volunteers (n = 80) were recruited and randomly allocated to one of two control (n = 30) or five laser groups (1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, and 12 J/cm2; n = 10 per group). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in negative peak latency difference scores (NPLDs) and skin temperature over a 20 min period post‐irradiation demonstrated a significant decrease in skin temperature following irradiation at the lowest radiant exposure (1.5 J/cm2) coupled with a significant increase in NPLDs (P < 0.05). While no such (significant) changes were found in the other laser groups, it was found that observed changes (increases and decreases) in NPLDs were inversely related to changes in skin temperature. These findings demonstrate measurable peripheral neurophysiological effects of laser radiation concomitant with changes in skin temperature; however, further studies are indicated to establish the precise relationship between the observed effects on skin temperature and nerve Conduction. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.