bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Stratocumulus Cloud Amounts in a 200‐m Resolution Multi‐Scale Modeling Framework Through Tuning of Its Interior Physics
Authors: Peng Liran , Blossey Peter N. , Hannah Walter M. , Bretherton Christopher S. , Terai Christopher R. , Jenney Andrea M. , Pritchard Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh‐Resolution Multi‐scale Modeling Frameworks (HR)—global climate models that embed separate, convection‐resolving models with high enough resolution to resolve boundary layer eddies—have exciting potential for investigating low cloud feedback dynamics due to reduced parameterization and ability for multidecadal throughput on modern computing hardware. However low clouds in past HR have suffered a stubborn problem of over‐entrainment due to an uncontrolled source of mixing across the marine subtropical inversion manifesting as stratocumulus dim biases in present‐day climate, limiting their scientific utility. We report new results showing that this over‐entrainment can be partly offset by using hyperviscosity and cloud droplet sedimentation. Hyperviscosity damps small‐scale momentum fluctuations associated with the formulation of the momentum solver of the embedded large eddy simulation. By considering the sedimentation process adjacent to default one‐moment microphysics in HR, condensed phase particles can be removed from the entrainment zone, which further reduces entrainment efficiency. The result is an HR that can produce more low clouds with a higher liquid water path and a reduced stratocumulus dim bias. Associated improvements in the explicitly simulated sub‐cloud eddy spectrum are observed. We report these sensitivities in multi‐week tests and then explore their operational potential alongside microphysical retuning in decadal simulations at operational 1.5° exterior resolution. The result is a new HR having desired improvements in the baseline present‐day low cloud climatology, and a reduced global mean bias and root mean squared error of absorbed shortwave radiation. We suggest it should be promising for examining low cloud feedbacks with minimal approximation.
ED‐AttConvLSTM: An Ionospheric TEC Map Prediction Model Using Adaptive Weighted Spatiotemporal Features
Authors: Li Liangchao , Liu Haijun , Le Huijun , Yuan Jing , Wang Haoran , Chen Yi , Shan Weifeng , Ma Li , Cui Chunjie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel Total Electron Content (TEC) map prediction model, named ED‐AttConvLSTM, using a Convolutional Long Short‐Term Memory (ConvLSTM) network and attention mechanism based on encoder‐decoder structure. The inclusion of the attention mechanism enhances the efficient utilization of spatiotemporal features extracted by the ConvLSTM, emphasizing the significance of crucial spatiotemporal features in the prediction process and, as a result, leading to an enhancement in predictive performance. We conducted experiments in East Asia (10°N–45°N, 90°E−130°E). The ED‐AttConvLSTM was trained and evaluated using the International GNSS Service TEC maps over a period of six years from 2013 to 2015 (high solar activity years) and 2017 to 2019 (low solar activity years). We compared our ED‐AttConvLSTM with IRI‐2016, COPG, LSTM, GRU, ED‐ConvLSTM and ED‐ConvGRU. The results indicate that our model surpasses the comparison models in forecasting both high and low solar activity years, across most months and UT moments in a day. Moreover, our model exhibits notably superior prediction performance during the most severe phases of a magnetic storm when compared to the comparison models. Subsequently, we then also discuss how the prediction performance of our model is affected by latitude. Finally, we discuss the diminishing performance of our model in multi‐day predictions, demonstrating that its reliability for forecasts ranging from one to 4 days in advance. Beyond the fifth day, there is a pronounced decline in the model's performance.
Stress Patterns and Crustal Anisotropy in the Eastern Alps: Insights From Seismological and Geological Observations
Authors: Villani F. , Antonioli A. , Pastori M. , Baccheschi P. , Ciaccio M. G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the Eastern Alps, the indentation of the Adriatic promontory since the Cenozoic affected the kinematics of separate crustal domains bounded by faults that accommodate lateral extrusion processes and differential shortening. Deciphering the pattern of crustal stresses in the orogen interior is challenging, due to the lack of in situ stress measurements at crustal depths. We define stress regimes and the orientations of the most‐compressive horizontal stress (SHmax) by integrating published results with new data, including stress analysis from fault plane solutions, estimation of crustal anisotropy through the shear wave splitting analysis, paleostress determination from fault slip data, and computation of cumulative seismic displacements. The retrieved regional SHmax are generally consistent with N‐S convergence. In the northern part of the study area, current stress orientations are almost parallel to paleo‐SHmax, suggesting a rather uniform compressional regime since the late Cenozoic. Conversely, sharp deflections and divergence with paleo‐SHmax appear at the western border of the Adriatic promontory across major transpressive and extensional shear zones and in the Southalpine domain, indicating a change in tectonically induced second‐order stresses. A current strike‐slip regime with subordinate orogen‐parallel seismic displacements affects a belt to north of the Periadriatic Lineament and NE‐extension characterizes the Ortles‐Engandine region. Seismic anisotropy locally exhibits fault‐parallel fast axes (Brenner‐Giudicarie fault‐systems, Dinaric and Southalpine thrusts), whereas stress‐induced anisotropy parallel to SHmax characterizes the southern part of the orogen. Cumulative seismic displacements are small compared to geodetic ones, and unravel partitioning of deformation into second‐order transpressive and extensional belts in response to indentation.
Rainfall Frequency Analysis Based on Long‐Term High‐Resolution Radar Rainfall Fields: Spatial Heterogeneities and Temporal Nonstationarities
Authors: Smith James A. , Baeck Mary Lynn , Miller Andrew J. , Claggett Elijah L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRainfall frequency analysis methods are developed and implemented based on high‐resolution radar rainfall data sets, with the Baltimore metropolitan area serving as the principal study region. Analyses focus on spatial heterogeneities and time trends in sub‐daily rainfall extremes. The 22‐year radar rainfall data set for the Baltimore study region combines reflectivity‐based rainfall fields during the period from 2000 to 2011 and polarimetric rainfall fields for the period from 2012 to 2021. Rainfall frequency analyses are based on non‐stationary formulations of peaks‐over‐threshold and annual peak methods. Increasing trends in short‐duration rainfall extremes are inferred from both peaks‐over‐threshold and annual peak analyses for the period from 2000 to 2021. There are pronounced spatial gradients in short‐duration rainfall extremes over the study region, with peak values of rainfall between Baltimore City and Chesapeake Bay. Spatial gradients in 100‐year, 1 hr rainfall over 20 km length scale are comparable to time trends over 20 years. Rainfall analyses address the broad challenge of assessing changing properties of short‐duration rainfall in urban regions. Analyses of high‐resolution rainfall fields show that sub‐daily rainfall extremes are only weakly related to daily extremes, pointing to difficulties in inferring climatological properties of sub‐daily rainfall from daily rainfall analyses. Changing measurement properties are a key challenge for application of radar rainfall data sets to detection of time trends. Mean field bias correction of radar rainfall fields using rain gauge observations is an important tool for improving radar rainfall fields and provides a useful tool for addressing problems associated with changing radar measurement properties.
Publication Recommendations to Report Laboratory Data of Neonates – a Modified Delphi Approach
Authors: Vander Elst Zoë , Hildebrand Heidrun , Short Mary A. , Henscheid Nick , Ward Robert , Ariagno Ronald , Diacovo Thomas , Lang Tim , Allegaert Karel , Smits Anne ,   The International Neonatal Consortium, Singh Kanwaljit , Kenner Carole , Discenza Deb , Nakamura Hidefumi , Podichetty Jagdeep , Degl Jennifer , Davis Jonathan , Turner Mark , Padula Michael , Kusuda Satoshi , Lacaze Thierry , Miller Thomas , Eklund Wakako , Roddy William 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Clinical and analytical information on laboratory data of neonates in scientific publications is sparse and incomplete. Furthermore, interpreting neonatal laboratory data can be complex due to their time-dependent and developmental physiology, and paucity of well-established age-appropriate reference ranges for neonates. This study aims to develop publication recommendations to report laboratory data of neonates to enhance the quality of these data in research and clinical care.

Methods
A modified Delphi approach was used to develop recommendations in cooperation with the International Neonatal Consortium. A Core Group, including different stakeholders, was responsible for developing the recommendations, in collaboration with a Reflection Group, responsible for providing additional input.

Results
The recommendations were classified into three categories: ‘Clinical Characteristics’, ‘Bio-analytical Information’ and ‘Data-analytical Information’. These were each divided into ‘Core Data’ (always to be reported) and ‘Supplemental Considerations’ (to be reported when considered relevant to the study).

Conclusion
Our recommendations provide guidance on standardization of neonatal laboratory data in publications. This will enhance the comparison, replication, and application of study results in research initiatives and clinical practice. Furthermore, these recommendations also serve as foundational work to develop reference ranges for neonatal laboratory values by standardizing the quality of information needed for such efforts.

Impact

Standardized reporting of neonatal laboratory data in scientific publications will enhance the comparison, replication, and application of study results in research initiatives and clinical practice, as well as improve reporting to regulatory agencies.

To integrate multistakeholder perspectives, a modified Delphi approach was used to develop publication recommendations which strengthens the applicability of the recommendations.

Implementation of standardization will likely improve the overall quality of neonatal clinical research and neonatal healthcare.

In addition, these recommendations are foundational to develop reference ranges for neonatal laboratory values by standardizing the quality of information needed for such efforts.
Risk and adverse clinical outcomes of thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumors—a Danish population-based cohort study
Authors: Adelborg Kasper , Veres Katalin , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Clouser Mary , Saad Hossam , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Knowledge about thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumors is scarce. We examined the risk of thrombocytopenia among patients with solid tumors and its association with adverse outcomes.

Methods
Using Danish health registries, we identified all patients with incident solid tumors from 2015-2018 (n = 52,380) and a platelet count measurement within 2 weeks prior to or on their cancer diagnosis date. The risk of thrombocytopenia was categorized as grades 0 (any platelet count × 109/L): <150; 1: <100; 2: <75; 3: <50; 4: <25, and 5: <10. To study the outcomes, each patient with thrombocytopenia was matched with up to five cancer patients without thrombocytopenia by age, sex, cancer type, and stage. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) of bleeding, transfusion, or death, adjusting for confounding factors.

Results
The 1-year risk of thrombocytopenia was 23%, increasing to 30% at 4 years. This risk was higher in patients receiving chemotherapy (43% at 1 year and 49% at 4 years). Overall, patients with thrombocytopenia had higher 30-days rates of bleeding (HR = 1.72 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.41–2.11]). Thrombocytopenia was also associated with an increased rate of transfusion, and death, but some of the risk estimates were imprecise.

Conclusions
The risk of thrombocytopenia was substantial among patients with solid tumors and associated with adverse outcomes.
Engagement of sialylated glycans with Siglec receptors on suppressive myeloid cells inhibits anticancer immunity via CCL2
Authors: Wieboldt Ronja , Sandholzer Michael , Carlini Emanuele , Lin Chia-wei , Börsch Anastasiya , Zingg Andreas , Lardinois Didier , Herzig Petra , Don Leyla , Zippelius Alfred , Läubli Heinz , Mantuano Natalia Rodrigues 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe overexpression of sialic acids on glycans, called hypersialylation, is a common alteration found in cancer cells. Sialylated glycans can enhance immune evasion by interacting with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) receptors on tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Here, we investigated the effect of sialylated glycans and their interaction with Siglec receptors on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We found that MDSCs derived from the blood of lung cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice strongly express inhibitory Siglec receptors and are highly sialylated. In murine cancer models of emergency myelopoiesis, Siglec-E knockout in myeloid cells resulted in prolonged survival and increased tumor infiltration of activated T cells. Targeting suppressive myeloid cells by blocking Siglec receptors or desialylation strongly reduced their suppressive potential. We further identified CCL2 as a mediator involved in T-cell suppression upon interaction between sialoglycans and Siglec receptors on MDSCs. Our results demonstrated that sialylated glycans inhibit anticancer immunity by modulating CCL2 expression.
Evaluating the management trends for priapism and assessing the risk of priapism after in-office intracavernosal injections: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Leong Joon Yau , Prebay Zachary J. , Ebbott David , Li Michael , Chung Paul H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe describe the management trends of patients suffering from any priapism and evaluate the risks of developing priapism after intracavernosal injections (ICI) performed in office. We queried TriNetX for two separate male adult cohorts - those presenting with any priapism based on International Classification of Disease code, N48.3 (priapism) and those who underwent ICI in office based on Current Procedural Terminology code, 54235 (injection of corpora cavernosa with pharmacologic agent[s]). We evaluated treatment options for these patients after any priapism and described demographic risks for developing priapism after ICI performed in office. There were 17,545 priapism encounters and 26,104 usages of ICI in the office. Most common treatment for any priapism was corporal irrigation/injection of medications (11.3%). Patients presenting with priapism after ICI were younger (age > 65 years, OR 0.44 [95% CI 0.38–0.51], p < 0.01) and had a higher prevalence of mood disorders (20% vs 14%), behavioral disorders (7% vs 2%) and sickle cell disease (6% vs <1%). They were less likely to have diabetes (14% vs 22%), hypertension (33% vs 40%), prostate cancer (13% vs 25%) or have taken sildenafil or tadalafil (29–30% vs 35–38%). For patients administering ICI, proper screening and counseling of priapism is important to reduce complications.
Emerging opportunities and challenges for the future of reservoir computing
Authors: Yan Min , Huang Can , Bienstman Peter , Tino Peter , Lin Wei , Sun Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReservoir computing originates in the early 2000s, the core idea being to utilize dynamical systems as reservoirs (nonlinear generalizations of standard bases) to adaptively learn spatiotemporal features and hidden patterns in complex time series. Shown to have the potential of achieving higher-precision prediction in chaotic systems, those pioneering works led to a great amount of interest and follow-ups in the community of nonlinear dynamics and complex systems. To unlock the full capabilities of reservoir computing towards a fast, lightweight, and significantly more interpretable learning framework for temporal dynamical systems, substantially more research is needed. This Perspective intends to elucidate the parallel progress of mathematical theory, algorithm design and experimental realizations of reservoir computing, and identify emerging opportunities as well as existing challenges for large-scale industrial adoption of reservoir computing, together with a few ideas and viewpoints on how some of those challenges might be resolved with joint efforts by academic and industrial researchers across multiple disciplines.
Wandering principal optical axes in van der Waals triclinic materials
Authors: Ermolaev Georgy A. , Voronin Kirill V. , Toksumakov Adilet N. , Grudinin Dmitriy V. , Fradkin Ilia M. , Mazitov Arslan , Slavich Aleksandr S. , Tatmyshevskiy Mikhail K. , Yakubovsky Dmitry I. , Solovey Valentin R. , Kirtaev Roman V. , Novikov Sergey M. , Zhukova Elena S. , Kruglov Ivan , Vyshnevyy Andrey A. , Baranov Denis G. , Ghazaryan Davit A. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Martin-Moreno Luis , Volkov Valentyn S. , Novoselov Kostya S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNature is abundant in material platforms with anisotropic permittivities arising from symmetry reduction that feature a variety of extraordinary optical effects. Principal optical axes are essential characteristics for these effects that define light-matter interaction. Their orientation – an orthogonal Cartesian basis that diagonalizes the permittivity tensor, is often assumed stationary. Here, we show that the low-symmetry triclinic crystalline structure of van der Waals rhenium disulfide and rhenium diselenide is characterized by wandering principal optical axes in the space-wavelength domain with above π/2 degree of rotation for in-plane components. In turn, this leads to wavelength-switchable propagation directions of their waveguide modes. The physical origin of wandering principal optical axes is explained using a multi-exciton phenomenological model and ab initio calculations. We envision that the wandering principal optical axes of the investigated low-symmetry triclinic van der Waals crystals offer a platform for unexplored anisotropic phenomena and nanophotonic applications.
Comparing frequency of booster vaccination to prevent severe COVID-19 by risk group in the United States
Authors: Park Hailey J. , Gonsalves Gregg S. , Tan Sophia T. , Kelly J. Daniel , Rutherford George W. , Wachter Robert M. , Schechter Robert , Paltiel A. David , Lo Nathan C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is a public health need to understand how different frequencies of COVID-19 booster vaccines may mitigate the risk of severe COVID-19, while accounting for waning of protection and differential risk by age and immune status. By analyzing United States COVID-19 surveillance and seroprevalence data in a microsimulation model, here we show that more frequent COVID-19 booster vaccination (every 6–12 months) in older age groups and the immunocompromised population would effectively reduce the burden of severe COVID-19, while frequent boosters in the younger population may only provide modest benefit against severe disease. In persons 75+ years, the model estimated that annual boosters would reduce absolute annual risk of severe COVID-19 by 199 (uncertainty interval: 183–232) cases per 100,000 persons, compared to a one-time booster vaccination. In contrast, for persons 18–49 years, the model estimated that annual boosters would reduce this risk by 14 (10–19) cases per 100,000 persons. Those with prior infection had lower benefit of more frequent boosting, and immunocompromised persons had larger benefit. Scenarios with emerging variants with immune evasion increased the benefit of more frequent variant-targeted boosters. This study underscores the benefit of considering key risk factors to inform frequency of COVID-19 booster vaccines in public health guidance and ensuring at least annual boosters in high-risk populations.
Fully bioresorbable hybrid opto-electronic neural implant system for simultaneous electrophysiological recording and optogenetic stimulation
Authors: Cho Myeongki , Han Jeong-Kyu , Suh Jungmin , Kim Jeong Jin , Ryu Jae Ryun , Min In Sik , Sang Mingyu , Lim Selin , Kim Tae Soo , Kim Kyubeen , Kang Kyowon , Hwang Kyuhyun , Kim Kanghwan , Hong Eun-Bin , Nam Min-Ho , Kim Jongbaeg , Song Young Min , Lee Gil Ju , Cho Il-Joo , Yu Ki Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBioresorbable neural implants based on emerging classes of biodegradable materials offer a promising solution to the challenges of secondary surgeries for removal of implanted devices required for existing neural implants. In this study, we introduce a fully bioresorbable flexible hybrid opto-electronic system for simultaneous electrophysiological recording and optogenetic stimulation. The flexible and soft device, composed of biodegradable materials, has a direct optical and electrical interface with the curved cerebral cortex surface while exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. Optimized to minimize light transmission losses and photoelectric artifact interference, the device was chronically implanted in the brain of transgenic mice and performed to photo-stimulate the somatosensory area while recording local field potentials. Thus, the presented hybrid neural implant system, comprising biodegradable materials, promises to provide monitoring and therapy modalities for versatile applications in biomedicine.
Reversible chirality inversion of an AuAgx-cysteine coordination polymer by pH change
Authors: Ni Bing , Vivod Dustin , Avaro Jonathan , Qi Haoyuan , Zahn Dirk , Wang Xun , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResponsive chiral systems have attracted considerable attention, given their potential for diverse applications in biology, optoelectronics, photonics, and related fields. Here we show the reversible chirality inversion of an AuAgx-cysteine (AuAgx-cys) coordination polymer (CP) by pH changes. The polymer can be obtained by mixing HAuCl4 and AgNO3 with L-cysteine (or D-cysteine) in appropriate proportions in H2O (or other surfactant solutions). Circular dichroism (CD) spectrum is used to record the strong optical activity of the AuAg0.06-L-cys enantiomer (denoted as L0.06), which can be switched to that of the corresponding D0.06 enantiomer by alkalization (final dispersion pH > 13) and can be switched back after neutralization (final dispersion pH <8). Multiple structural changes at different pH values (≈9.6, ≈13) are observed through UV-Vis and CD spectral measurements, as well as other controlled experiments. Exploration of the CP synthesis kinetics suggests that the covalent bond formation is rapid and then the conformation of the CP materials would continuously evolve. The reaction stoichiometry investigation shows that the formation of CP materials with chirality inversion behavior requires the balancing between different coordination and polymerization processes. This study provides insights into the potential of inorganic stereochemistry in developing promising functional materials.