bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous human lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity against tumor target cells. II. Is the complement receptor necessarily present on the killer cells?
Authors: Pross Hugh F. , Baines Malcolm G. , Jondal Mikael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of various lymphocyte depletion techniques on SLMC effector cell activity against the cell line K562 could be attributed t o the effects that these procedures had on the proportions of FclC3 receptor‐bearing cells in the preparations. Depletion of cytotoxic activity by removal of Fc receptor‐bearing cells could be augmented by the presence of complement on the 7S‐EA indicator cells used for rosette depletion. Two methods of assessing the presence of surface receptors on cytotoxic cells are presented: (1) linear regression analysis of spontaneous cytotoxicity plotted as a function of the proportions of receptor‐bearing cells remaining after various depletion techniques; and (2) the use of a mathematical formula t o estimate the proportion o f cytotoxic cells with any particular receptor, based on the effects of receptor‐bearing cell depletion. Linear regression analysis of cytotoxicity vs the proportions of SRBC, Fc o r C3 receptor‐bearing cells demonstrated that all cytotoxic cells had the Fc receptor, but that cytotoxicity could s t i l l occur in the absence of cells with the C3 receptor. This indicated that the C3 recepor is not necessary for the demonstration of SLMC activity. The mathematical formula to predict cytotoxicity after depletion of C3 receptor‐bearing lymphocytes showed, however, that a significant proportion of the Fc receptor‐positive killer cells were also C3 receptor‐positive. No direct evidence was found t o support a role for T cells in SLMC, although E rosette depletion resulted in lower than expected cytotoxicity i n view of the number of Fc receptor‐bearing cells remaining in the preparation.
The relative proliferation index as a more sensitive parameter for evaluating lymphoproliferative responses of cancer patients to mitogens and alloantigens
Authors: Dean J. H. , Connor R. , Herberman R. B. , Silva J. , McCoy J. L. , Oldham R. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocyte proliferation (LP)6 assays were performed in microculture using the T‐cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A); the T+B cell mitogens, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and staphylococcal phage lysate (SPL); and a pool of allogeneic stimulating leukocytes in oneway mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) in lung and breast cancer patients and normal individuals. The resultant data were expressed in three different ways: (1) as mean counts per minute (CPM) of tritiated thymidine incorporation; (2) as a stimulation index (SI) and (3) as a relative proliferation index (RPI). The RPI is defined as the ratio of net CPM (nCPM) in experimental cultures with stimulant (E) minus medium control cultures (C) of a test individual to the mean nCPM of three or more normal individuals examined in the same assay on the same day. These expressions were then compared for their ability to discriminate between LP responses in cancer patients and normal individuals. The RPI value and selected cut‐off values gave the most sensitive measure for the determination of depressed proliferative responses. These analyses demonstrated that lung carcinoma patients were depressed to PHA (50%), MLC (47%), PWM (43%) and Con A (40%). To a lesser degree, breast carcinoma patients were also depressed to MLC (36%), PHA (31%), PWM (27%) and Con A (19%). Our data indicate that the use of the RPI in the analysis of LP response represents an improved method for detecting impaired response of lymphocytes to general mitogens and alloantigens which can consistently reveal immunosuppression in many cancer patients and may be useful for serial monitoring of individual patients.
α‐Fetoprotein‐containing cells in the early stages of liver carcinogenesis induced by 3′‐methyl‐4‐dimethyl‐aminoazobenzene and 2‐acetylaminofluorene
Authors: Tchipysheva T. A. , Guelstein V. I. , Bannikov G. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe morphology of rat liver cells containing α‐feto‐protein (AFP) during early stages of carcinogenesis induced by 3′methyl‐4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene and 2‐acetylaminofluorene was investigated. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect AFP. AFP was not found in the cells of hyperplastic nodules but was present in the cells located in areas of transitional cell proliferation. A large proportion of the AFP‐positive cells formed gland‐like structures. The cells containing AFP were at various levels of differentiation according to morphological criteria. Poorly differentiated, small, basophilic cells were predominant among the AFP‐positive population. The most highly differentiated AFP‐positive cells had the morphology of hepatocytes.
The binding of benzo(a)pyrene and N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐n‐nitrosoguanidine to subnuclear fractions of akr mouse embryo cells in culture
Authors: Zytkovicz Thomas H. , Moses Harold L. , Spelsberg Thomas C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe marked localization of a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo(a)pyrene, and its metabolites and a carcinogenic alkylating agent, N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine, to a specific subnuclear fraction (fraction I) from AKR‐2B mouse embryo cells in culture is described. Fraction I is isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation of sheared nuclei from cells exposed to the carcinogens. The association of tritiated benzo(a)‐pyrene to fraction I consisted of loosely associated radioactivity which is extractable by organic solvents, and of tightly bound (termed “covalently” bound) radioactivity which is not extractable by organic solvents. Increases in the extent of metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and in the amount of “covalently” bound radioactivity occur with increasing periods of incubation of the cells with the labelled carcinogen. This observation, together with the fact that these increases are dramatically reduced by inhibiting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism (using the inhibitor 7,8‐benzoflavone), suggests that a time‐dependent metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene is required for “covalent” binding to nuclear material. Data are presented suggesting that a two‐step reaction may be involved in the binding of benzo(a)pyrene to subnuclear macromolecules. The fraction I localization of such structurally diverse chemical carcinogens as benzo(a)pyrene and N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine suggests that this fraction may localize all species of chemical carcinogens and that this localization may be involved in the chemically induced malignant transformation of cells.
Morphology and pathogenesis of tumors of the thymus and stomach in sprague‐dawley rats following intragastric administration of methyl nitrosourea (MNU)
Authors: Koestner A. W. , Ruecker F. A. , Koestner A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntragastric intubation of MNU (20 mg/kg twice weekly for 9 weeks) into young Sprague‐Dawley rats resulted in a 100% incidence of thymic lymphomas and gastric carcinomas in animals surviving more than 14 weeks. Progressive thymic atrophy followed the successive MNU administration culminating in marked lymphoid depletion by the 5th week of MNU treatment. At 6 weeks, repopulation of the thymus with lymphoblastic cells was observed, which progressed to thymic neoplasia. The first thymic lymphoma appeared at the 6th week. By the 15th week all rats were either moribund or had succumbed to anoxia caused by pleural effusions associated with thymic neoplasia. Twenty‐six of 31 thymic tumors were classified as lymphocytic lymphomas, 2 as histiocytic, 1 as mixed lymphocytic‐histiocytic, 1 as bimorphic and 1 as an epithelial thymoma. All but 2 lymphomas were restricted to the thymus. Of these 2 (both histiocytic lymphomas), 1 involved the spleen, liver and abdominal lymph nodes and the other infiltrated locally into cervical and thoracic regions. Significant thymic enlargement occurred only after MNU treatment was stopped (MNU acting as an anti‐cancer drug). The gastric carcinomas were restricted to the non‐glandular portion of the stomach and developed as a final step following ulceration, hyperplasia and neoplastic transformation. The short latency period and the high incidence of thymic neoplasms represent valuable criteria for future use of this model for pathomorphogenetic as well as immuno‐and chemotherapeutic investigations.
ADCC effector cells in a murine adenocarcinoma. I. Evidence for blood‐borne bone‐marrow‐derived monocytes
Authors: Haskill J. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe origin and identity of effector cells for antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and/or growth inhibition (ADCC) found in the murine mammary adenocarcinoma T1699 were investigated. Non‐phagocytic, non‐adherent ADCC effector cells were identified in bone marrow, peripheral blood and the host fraction of the tumor but not from lymphoid organs. These cells were shown to be distinct from the specific growth‐inhibitory “armed monocytes” also identified in situ. The ADCC effector cells possess low levels of EA Fc receptors and appear to express a macrophage‐associated antigen. Both the bone‐marrow and the in situ effector cells became phagocytic after overnight incubation, providing further evidence for the monocyte‐macrophage lineage of these cells. The results suggest that bone‐marrow‐derived blood‐borne monocytes are the principal ADCC effector cells localizing in the mammary adenocarcinoma T1699. The parallels between tumor‐induced immunity and cellular resistance to infectious agents involving hypersensitivity reactions and blood‐borne monocytes are discussed.
Incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in the five nordic countries: significance of solar radiation
Authors: Magnus Knut 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin has increased rapidly among white people during the last decades. Excellent possibilities for detailed epidemiological analysis of malignant melanoma are provided in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden), where the five national cancer registries were established during the period 1942–1958. Their materials are based on reports from hospitals and histopathological laboratories and death certificates. The organization of the registries is largely similar, and efforts have been made to bring the materials into conformity. More than 14,000 cases are included in the analysis, which covers the period 1953–1972 in Denmark, Finland and Norway, 1955–1974 in Iceland and 1959–1971 in Sweden. The tumors have been grouped by anatomical site as follows: face, neck/trunk, upper limb, lower limb, and other and unspecified sites. The incidence of malignant melanoma is similar in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Lower incidence rates are observed in Finland and Iceland. Time trends in incidence are remarkable and clearly statistically significant, except for Iceland where the number of cases was very small. The period for doubling the incidence rate ranged from 10 to 17 years. Striking contrasts by sex are observed when the material is grouped according to primary site. There is a male preponderance for incidence on the neck/trunk and the reverse is found for the lower limbs. There is only a slight increase in incidence of malignant melanoma of the face, whereas for the neck/trunk, particularly among males, and for the lower limbs, particularly among females, there is a consistent upward trend. A difference between the face, on the one hand, and the neck/trunk and lower limbs on the other, is also disclosed in the curves showing the age‐specific incidence rates.In conclusion, the results indicate that there is a marked real increase in incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in all the Nordic countries. This increase is in accordance with the hypothesis of the association between solar radiation and risk of cutaneous melanoma, and could possibly be ascribed to changes in habits of leisure and clothing. It ought to be possible to introduce control measures against malignant melanoma which is becoming a serious cancer problem. This is a challenge for future preventive medicine.
Cell mediated immunity during infectious mono‐nucleosis to epstein‐barr virus associated antigens
Authors: Periman Phillip , Levine P. H. , Ablashi D. V. , Royston Ivor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐three patients with recent infectious mononucleosis were studied for cell‐mediated immunity to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated antigens. By means of a virion‐containing antigen preparation, (P3J), leukocyte migration inhibition was demonstrated in 6 of 13 patients with acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) and in 6 of 10 patients studied during the convalescent period. Inhibition with a soluble antigen (S) preparation was seen in only a few patients at all stages of the illness. Lymphocyte blast transformation on exposure to P3J occurred in 4 of 9 patients with acute IM; no other study group reacted. Control donors lacking anti‐EBV antibodies did not demonstrate migration inhibition or blast transformation with either P3J or S. Control donors with evidence of previous EBV infection did demonstrate migration inhibition with P3J (8 of 12) and S (3 of 10). These studies indicated that cell‐mediated immunity to EBV‐associated antigens could be detected by either leukocyte migration inhibition or lymphocyte blast transformation, but neither assay is diagnostic of infectious mononucleosis.
Mechanism of Corynebacterium parvum anti‐tumour activity. II. Protective effect in T‐cell‐deprived mice
Authors: Mazurek Cypka , Chalvet Huguette , Stiffel Claude , Biozzi Guido 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe natural resistance to syngeneic mammary carcinoma was reduced by thymectomy alone in adult C3H mice or in mice thymectomized, lethally irradiated and restored with bone‐marrow cells (Tx RB). The protective effect of C. parvum was not modified by adult thymectomy but it was reduced in Tx RB mice. The injection of thymic cells to Tx RB mice or the elimination of T cell precursors in bone‐marrow cells injected in Tx RB mice did not increase the protective effect of C. parvum. These results were compatible with the hypothesis that T cells do not intervene in the mechanism of C. parvum protective effect.
Production of hybrid cells by fusion of human malignant tumour cells and primary mouse embryo cells
Authors: Watkins J. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHybrid cells with a subtetraploid mouse chromosome complement were produced by fusion of three types of human tumour cells with primary mouse embryo cells. The most frequently present presumptive human chromosome was 21. Numerous chromosome rearrangements were present. Some hybrid cells produced regressing tumours in mice.
Bovine leukemia virus specific antibodies among french cattle. II. Radioimmunoassay with the major structural protein (BLV P24)
Authors: Levy D. , Deshayes L. , Parodi A. L. , Levy J. P. , Stephenson J. R. , Devare S. G. , Gilden R. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the major internal protein of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV p24) was established using anti‐BLV p24 natural antibodies and purified 125I‐labelled BLV p24. The final precipitation of the immune complexes was realized by a preparation of inactivated Stophylococcus aureus Cowan I. Sera from 363 cows belonging to (1) leukemic herds, (2) non‐leukemic but BLV‐exposed herds, and (3) apparently unexposed herds were studied comparatively in BLV p24 RIA, complement fixation and immunodiffusion. The BLV p24 RIA appeared much more sensitive than the two other methods in the detection of positive sera. With this method 100% of the leukemic animals, excluding those with juvenile lympho‐sarcoma, presented very high antibody titers (±10,000). Practically all cows with persistent lymphocytosis were also positive with slightly lower levels of antibodies, confirming the relationship between BLV infection and the persistent lymphocytosis. Moreover, about two‐thirds of the hematologically suspect animals and one‐third of the normal animals from BLV‐exposed herds were found positive, whereas 100% of the sera from unexposed cows remained negative for anti‐BLV p24 antibodies.
Interspecies‐, species‐ and type‐specific T antigenic determinants of human papovaviruses (JC and BK) and of simian virus 40
Authors: Beth E. , Cikes M. , Schloen L. , di Mayorca G. , Giraldo G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunofluorescence tests, absorption studies and quantitative analysis by a very sensitive 51Cr micro‐complement fixation (CF) technique were used to define the degree of relatedness between the tumor (T) antigens induced by human papovaviruses, strain JC and BK, with simian virus 40 (SV40) and mouse polyoma virus (PyV). Antisera against JCV, BKV, SV40 and PyV T were raised in tumor‐bearing hamsters. The data obtained indicate that T antigens of JCV, BKV and SV40 possess various subspecificities which can be distinguished and looked upon as interspecies‐, species‐ and type‐specific antigenic determinants. It was found that JCV T and BKV T synthesized in transformed hamster cells share about the same amount (20%) of interspecies cross‐reacting antigen with SV40 T from H‐50 cell extracts (transformed hamster cells). Although hamster cells transformed by PyV showed definite PyV T reactivity, no cross‐reactivity, at least with the sera used, was found with human papovavirus and SV40 T antigens. Furthermore, degree of heterogeneity was observed within the T antigen complex derived from different SV40‐transformed cells.
Two‐step chromosomal control of tumorigenicity of chinese hamster cells in nude mice
Authors: Ebina T. , Koi M. , Ishida N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA simple method for microinjecting isolated chromosomes into a single living cell under an inverted microscope has been developed. Of the 368 injected cells, 85 were able to form a colony and could be cloned. Clones of Chinese hamster V79 cells microinjected with chromosomes isolated from murine D56 cells [V79 (D56) cells] were tested for tumorigenicity in immunodeficient nude mice and for colony‐forming ability in soft agar.Untreated recipient V79 cells were highly tumorigenic and had a high colony‐forming ability in soft agar. In contrast, two out of the 21 microinjected clones tested were non‐tumorigenic in nude mice and had only weak colony‐forming ability in soft agar.The chromosome banding pattern was analyzed in microinjected clones and tumors derived from cells of these clones. In cells of the two non‐tumorigenic clones, a telocentric chromosome 1 (t1) was specifically involved in translocations with other chromosomes or chromosome fragments. In all tumor cells obtained from nude mice, a supernumerary piece or a whole biarmed chromosome 14 (b14) was specifically found. The results suggest that the t1 chromosome bears the gene which controls in vitro transformation and that the additional genetic change, i.e. the extra piece of b14 chromosome, was required for tumor formation in vivo.
Analysis of established human carcinoma cell lines for lymphoreticular‐associated membrane receptors
Authors: Kerbel R. S. , Pross H. F. , Leibovitz A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐one different long‐term established human carcinoma culture cell lines were examined for the presence or absence of receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (“Fc receptors”), the third component of complement (C3 receptors), sheep erythrocytes and mouse erythrocytes. Included in the catalogue of lines tested were adeno‐carcinoma of the adrenal cortex, colon, rectum, lung, liver, breast and kidney, and carcinomas of the uterine cervix, bladder and vulva. All lines were found to be consistently Fc receptor‐negative, as assayed by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes coated with subhemagglutinating amounts of anti‐sheep erythrocyte antibodies, or bovine erythrocytes heavily coated with non‐hemagglutinating anti‐bovine erythrocyte antibodies. This is similar to results obtained with murine tumors: carcinomas are consistently Fc receptor‐negative, while those lines which are Fc receptor‐positive are invariably lymphoreticular in nature. The human carcinoma cell lines were also negative for complement (C3) receptors and spontaneous T and B rosette markers. It is proposed that, in most cases, rosette‐forming cells found in primary human carcinomas are, as in the mouse or rat, representative of infiltrating non‐malignant lympho‐reticular cells.
Complement‐dependent cytotoxic antibodies in the course of cervical carcinoma
Authors: Christenson Brith 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComplement‐dependent cytotoxic antibodies to three cervical carcinoma cell lines (Me‐180, SW‐732 and HeLa) and to Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2)‐infected cells were determined in a long‐term study of women with cervical carcinoma. Cytolysis of surface antigens differed significantly between the cervical carcinoma cell lines and HSV‐2. Regression of the tumor during treatment was accompanied by decreasing cytolysis in the cervical carcinoma lines, while tumor bearers and patients who became severely ill had high or increasing cytotoxic antibodies. The opposite was noted for the antibody response to HSV‐2 infected cells: patients with less advanced cancer had significantly higher cytolytic activity than those who were severely ill or had advanced cancer; long‐term survivors demonstrated high, stable lysis of HSV‐2 infected cells. As a control of the cervical carci noma cell lines, cytolytic activity was tested also on a lung carcinoma cell line, A‐549. No significant differences were found between the patients with cervical cancer and the control women. Tumor bearers and patients treated for advanced cervical cancer showed a slight but non‐significant increase in cytolytic activity on the A‐549 line.
Surface glycoprotein patterns of normal and malignant human lymphoid cells. I. T cells, T blasts and leukemic T cell lines
Authors: Andersson Leif C. , Gahmberg Carl G. , Nilsson Kenneth , Wigzell Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExposed surface glycoproteins of resting and in vitro activated human T lymphocytes and leukemic T‐cell lines were labelled by the galactose oxidase‐tritiated sodium borohydride method. The labelled glycoproteins were separated by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and visualized by auto‐radiography. The basic glycoprotein patterns of the T lymphocytes and T blasts were found also in the leukemic T cells. The glycoprotein pattern of the T‐cell lines was easily distinguishable from that of other hematopoietic cell lines. The findings suggest that: (1) surface glycoprotein analysis might be useful for the identification of cell lines and for the differential diagnosis of hematopoietic malignancies; and (2) cells of cultured T lines may be used for the identification and preparation of T lymphoid differentiation antigens and perhaps also tumor‐associated surface molecules.
Lymphocyte subpopulations and mitogenic responses in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, prior to and after radiotherapy
Authors: Lamelin J.‐P. , Ellouz R. , De‐Thé G. , Revillard J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighteen patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were compared to matched controls, before or after cobalt therapy, for the ability of their peripheral blood lymphocytes to: (1) form E and EAC rosettes and (2) mount a proliferative response with PHA, Con A and ALG. A slight decrease in the percentage of E rosettes and a moderate hyporesponsiveness to PHA and Con A were observed before treatment. The statistical significance of these alterations was borderline. Within the group of treated patients a much greater depression, including the response to ALG, was found, although a few long‐term survivors responded to mitogens as well as the controls. These findings stress the difficulty of interpreting the results of a longitudinal study of cell‐mediated immunity, specific or non‐specific, in cancer patients. Finally, by comparing the proHferative response to the three mitogens before and after radiotherapy, it is suggested that their differential effect on these responses might be used in man, as it was in mice, to delineate lymphocyte subpopulations.