bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different degrees of atherosclerosis detected by backscattered ultrasound: An in vitro study on fixed human aortic walls
Authors: Picano Eugenio , Landini Luigi , Distante Alessandro , Sarnelli Roberta , Benassi Antonio , L'Abbate Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to establish whether ultrasonic backscattered signals may characterize the atherosclerotic process, providing a quantitative assessment of severity. Measurements on aortic specimens were made in vitro by a transducer acting as transmitter and receiver. Two different indices were measured, one based on peak amplitude value (Vmax) and the other on fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of ultrasonic reflected signal (IBI). Two hundred fixed aortic wall specimens (50 normal, 50 fatty streaks, 50 fibrofatty, and 50 calcific) were first characterized ultrasonically and then pathologically, both macroscopically (before ultrasonic study) and histologically (after it). Differentiation of normal, fibrofatty and calcific specimens was achieved using Vmax. Values obtained in fatty streaks overlapped with normal wall but significantly differed from values of fibrofatty and calcific subsets. The results with IBI were similar except that the difference between normal and fibrofatty specimens was not statistically significant. Such changes in acoustic behavior of atherosclerotic walls could be due to increased deposition of highly echogenic biological materials, such as collagen, cholesterol crystals (in fibrofatty specimens), and calcium salts (in calcific ones). Therefore, backscattered signals appear to provide in vitro simple parameters indicative of changes in the arterial wall structure due to the atherosclerotic process.
Real‐time ultrasound visualization of tongue movement during swallowing
Authors: Shawker Thomas H. , Sonies Barbara , Stone Maureen , Baum Bruce J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing noninvasive real‐time ultrasound, tongue movement was visualized during single swallowing in eight normal subjects and one neurologically impaired patient with dysphagia and chronic aspiration. In normals, a clearly defined muscular wave of the tongue, traveling at approximately 15 cm/sec, carried a 5‐cc test water bolus posteriorly. In the patient who had 12th cranial nerve weakness, there was complete absence of normal tongue activity and no midtongue bolus formation or transmission.
Polycystic Ovarian Disease: Ultrasonic Evaluation and Correlations With Clinical and Hormonal Data
Authors: Parisi Luigi , Tramonti Maria , Derchi Lorenzo E. , Casciano Silvio , Zurli Alberto , Rocchi Pietro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe size, shape, margins, and structure of the ovaries, as observed in 26 patients with polycystic ovarian disease were analyzed, and uterinelovarian ratio (maximum antero‐posterior diameter of uterine fundus divided for longitudinal diameter of ovary) was calculated. The maximum surface area of the organs ranged from 9.5 cm2 to 17.3 cm2 (average value 12.9 cm2). A “roundness index” (minimum diameter × 100/maximum diameter) was calculated in order to evaluate the shape: it ranged from a value of 100 in perfectly rounded ovaries to a value of 54 in ovaries of oval shape. The ovarian structure was characterized by many small cysts of the same dimensions in 19 cases; in two patients there was a predominant cyst; in five cases it appeared as many thick echoes arranged along parallel lines. The uterinelovarian ratio was always equal to or less than 1. Correlation tests for size, shape of the ovaries, patient's age, and duration of symptoms were highly significant. This leads one to suppose that both of these ultrasonic findings are a function of the duration of the disease and that polycystic ovarian disease, once established, is the cause of progressive enlargement of these organs.
Usefulness of Renal Ultrasonography for Assessment of Severity and Course of Acute Tubular Necrosis
Authors: Nomura Gakuji , Kinoshita Eiichi , Yamagata Yuji , Koga Nobuhiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRenal ultrasonographic studies were done in 26 patients with acute tubular necrosis. Prominent findings were an increase in renal size, especially the anteroposterior diameter, and sharp delineation of swollen pyramids. The ratio of anteroposterior to longitudinal diameter (WL) was correlated with serum creatinine levels and inversely correlated with urine osmolalities. It was well correlated with the recovery time of acute renal failure. The patient group having an increased H/L had a mean recovery time of 32.4 days and 11 of the 12 patients required hemodialysis (mean of 10 times). The patient group having a normal H/L had a mean recovery time of 15.5 days and 9 of the 14 required hemodialysis (mean of 3 times).
Sonographic patterns of renal Cell carcinoma with emphasis on relation to tumor size
Authors: Sugimoto Sumiko , Tsujimoto Fumio , Kato Yoshinari , Tada Shimpei , Onishi Tetsuro , Masuda Fujio , Machida Toyohei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic appearance of 37 renal cell carcinomas was reviewed with particular emphasis on the relationship between the echo pattern of tumor and tumor size. Small carcinomas tended to be solid and hypoechoic; seven lesions less than 5 cm in the largest dimension were either hypo‐ or isoechoic. The echogenicity level of the solid parts within the lesion, whether it was solid or mixed, tended to increase as the tumor grew. It is important to recognize that the sonographic appearance of renal cell carcinomas varies with the size of the tumor.
Accuracy of conceptual age estimation from fetal crown‐rump length
Authors: Selbing Anders , Fjällbrant Bo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of conceptual age estimated by crown‐rump length is not fully assessed by Robinson and Fleming in their excellent study.1 They avoid the problem by using the expression “menstrual maturity.” We have evaluated predictors of fetal age from crown‐rump length measurements where conceptual age was calculated either from the day of artificial insemination by donor (AID) or from the day of ovulation as judged from recordings of basal body temperature (BBT). When the date of AID was used as the conception date, better mathematical fits (R2 = 0.92) were obtained than when the thermal nadir was used (R2 = 0.86). The distribution around the regression line in the AID group is skewed with the 5th‐95th percentile range being 3.7 days above the line and 7.3 days below the line. Similar results were obtained in the BBT group. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. Indexing Words: Crown‐rump length · Conceptual age · Artificial insemination · Maternal basal body temperature.
Effect of aging on common bile duct diameter: A real‐time ultrasonographic study
Authors: Wu Chung‐Chieng , Ho Yau‐Hui , Chen Chang‐Yi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a high‐resolution real‐time scanner, a technique has been established in our laboratory for visualizing the entire extrahepatic bile duct with multiple longitudinal oblique approaches and, if necessary, several transverse scans through the pancreatic head. To determine the normal size of the extrahepatic bile duct and to evaluate the effect of aging on the duct diameter, 256 healthy subjects and patients without hepatobiliary disease were examined using this technique from January to August, 1982. The entire extrahepatic duct was detected in 203. The inner diameter of the widest point of the duct varied from 1 mm to 10 mm, and was found to be agedependent (r = 0.60, P < 0.001). It is concluded that, based on the visualization of the entire extrahepatic duct echographically, the normal inner diameter of common bile duct can be up to 10 mm, and there is a mild change of duct size with age.
Development of health risk evaluation data for diagnostic ultrasound: A historical perspective
Authors: Stewart Harold F. , Moore Roscoe M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe growth of ultrasound applications in diagnostic medicine has helped stimulate related biological effects investigations. Current data related to effects associated with diagnostic ultrasound indicate the need for additional research on cell surface structures, motility and developmental effects. Research on biological effects, especially for evaluating in vivo end points analogous to those employed by investigators using in vitro systems and simple organisms, are needed. Particular emphasis relative to potential effects on fetal and embroyonic development is indicated. Limited data also suggest the need to investigate possible effects on the immune response. There is a growing realization of the potential importance of nonthermal effects and increasing evidence that the temporal peak intensity is potentially related to the production of some effects. A number of recent comprehensive reviews have helped iden‐ tify, analyze and evaluate some of the relevant data. Indexing Words: Biological effeds Safety.
Mathematical Modeling of Fetal Growth: I. Basic Principles
Authors: Rossavik Ivar K. , Deter Russell L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbstract: Quantitative characterization of fetal growth requires the selection of measurement parameters and a growth curve model. For such studies we propose two new parameters (the head cube and the abdominal cube) and a new growth curve model [P = c(t)k+S(t)]. These parameters are relatively insensitive to shape changes and are related to three‐dimensional parameters even though they can be calculated from profile diameter measurements. The growth curve model is capable of adequately describing a wide variety of growth curves and its coefficients may be associated with specific biological variables. The properties of these parameters and the growth curve model are discussed. Indexing Words: Gross models · Fetal growth.
Ultrasonic detection of lymph node metastases in the region around the celiac axis in esophageal and gastric cancer
Authors: Yoshinaka Heiji , Nishi Mitsumasa , Kajisa Takashi , Kuroshima Kazunao , Morifuji Hidemi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe celiac axis could be visualized with ultrasound in 140 out of 166 cases (84%). Failure to identify the celiac axis was associated with extensive metastases to the celiac lymph nodes in 73% (19/26) of these cases. The location of lymph nodes in this region could be determined using the celiac axis and its branches as land marks. Celiac lymph nodes can be roughly classified into three types: Type 1—unclear margins and relatively uniform diffuse internal echoes, Type 2—clear margins and weak internal echoes, and Type 3—clear margins and scattered, large internal echoes, frequently seen with notchings. Metastases in celiac lymph nodes were found in 53 of 166 cases, based on histological examination of surgically removed nodes. A preoperative ultrasonic examination indicated lymph node metastases in 39 out of the 53 cases (sensitivity of 74%) and no lymph node metastases in 108 of the remaining 113 cases (specificity of 96%). Most lymph nodes with metastases were of Types 2 or 3. The longer the diameter of the lymph node or the larger the ratio of metastatic area to node cross‐sectional area, the higher the detection rate tended to be. These results indicate that ultrasound can be very useful in screening patients for celiac lymph node metastases.
Pulsed doppler fetal echocardiography
Authors: Huhta James C. , Strasburger Janette F. , Carpenter Robert J. , Reiter Alexander , Abinader Edward 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) has proven value in the examination of the infant or child with known or suspected congenital heart disease. In order to assess how PDE might be useful in the evaluation of the infant in utero, we reviewed our experience with this technique used in combination with both cross‐sectional and M‐mode echocardiography. Where previous examinations had suggested some abnormality or where there was a risk factor for congenital heart disease, we performed PDE examinations on the cardiovascular system of 36 infants in utero ranging in gestational age from 20‐39 weeks (mean 32 weeks). PDE of the fetal heart was found to be valuable in three areas: (1) quantitation of hemodynamics, (2) characterization of cardiac rhythm, and (3) identification of certain congenital cardiovascular structural anomalies.
Sonographic diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: Critical appraisal of reliability and diagnostic criteria
Authors: Yip William C. L. , Tay John S. H. , Wong H. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCritical review of the current medical literature shows lack of complete evaluation of the parameters of “medical decision making” in the sonographic diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). A computer program was specially written to calculate these parameters on three published series of patients with IHPS, using originally advocated and modified sonographic criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of the sonographic tests are influenced by the chosen diagnostic criteria, while predictive values are affected by the prevalence of IHPS in the particular population studied. A change in the ventral‐dorsal diameter criterion from 1.2 cm to 1.5 cm increased the sensitivity (from 0.52 to 0.97, p < 0.0001) and negative predictive value (0.60 to 0.95, p < 0.01) in the population of Wilson et al (9), changing the prevalence of IHPS from 0.58 to 0.12, (sensitivity, specificity and sonographic criterion kept constant) reduced the positive predictive value from 0.90 to 0.48 (p < 0.0001). The term “accuracy” has little scientific meaning and should be discarded in comparative evaluation. These results indicate that the real contribution of sonography in decision making in patients with suspected IHPS (but without a palpable mass) has not been properly evaluated by research workers.
Echogenic adnexal masses associated with first‐trimester pregnancy: Sonographic appearance and clinical significance
Authors: Pennes David R. , Bowerman Richard A. , Silver Terry M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a retrospective survey of a large obstetrical ultrasound experience, 10 echogenic adnexal masses in nine patients with a coexistent intrauterine pregnancy were detected and analyzed. Definitive follow‐up data available for seven of the nine patients disclosed three ovarian teratomas, two hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts, one endometrioma, one inflammatory mass, and one colonic pseudomass. In one additional patient, an echogenic ectopic pregnancy with an intrauterine pseudogestational sac simulated the above entities. Conservative management with follow‐up sonography is generally indicated for echogenic masses coexistent with first‐trimester intrauterine pregnancies.
Significance of preoperative use of ultrasonography in parathyroid neoplasms: Comparison of sonographic textures with histologic findings
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshikazu , Fukase Masaaki , Uchihashi Masahito , Takenaka Mutsumi , Hishikawa Ruo , Nakada Masaki , Nonaka Hiroshi , Kondo Toshifumi , Fujita Takuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic textures of 10 parathyroid tumors in nine patients were examined and compared with their histologic features, particularly with the amount of fibrous trabeculae. The carcinomas containing a large amount of fibrous trabeculae, which is the most frequent finding in parathyroid cancer, were very echogenic. On the other hand, the adenomas without fibrous trabeculae showed a low echogenicity. These data suggest that the possibility of malignancy is high when the parathyroid tumor is found to be very echogenic.
Analysis of blood clot echogenicity
Authors: Peter David J. , Flanagan Larry D. , Cranley John J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of B‐mode ultrasound to follow effectively blood clot echogenicity changes over time under conditions of red cell preservation and lysis was evaluated. Blood clots were produced in cellulose dialysis tubing and then placed into appropriate baths of either saline or water. The echogenicity changes were then followed quantitatively using A‐mode and qualitatively using B‐mode imaging. Blood clots in saline showed an initial decrease followed by a leveling off in echogenicity. Blood clots in water showed a decline in echogenicity throughout the experiment. The A‐mode imaging was effectively able to follow blood clot echogenicity changes under these controlled conditions.
Amebic liver abscess: Sonographic diagnosis and management
Authors: Berry M. , Bazaz R. , Bhargava S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOver a period of 3 years, 68 intrahepatic abscesses in 48 patients were detected by ultrasonography at our institution in New Delhi, India. Our experiences with the sonography and management of this entity are presented. Multiple abscesses were present in 14 patients; the rest had a single abscess. The most common location was the right lobe of the liver. The sonographic morphology of the abscess was analyzed in terms of the echo pattern of the wall and contents of the abscess. These were later correlated with the duration of illness. An attempt was made to assess healing and thereby the age of the abscess. Follow‐up ultrasound scans indicated that the change in sonographic appearance lags behind clinical improvement by a considerable period of time.
Removal of air from liver specimens via vacuum
Authors: Sommer F. Graham , Solomon Hilary , Carroll Barbara 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFresh liver specimens have been ultrasonically imaged in vitro in order to evaluate specimen air content before the acquisition of ultrasonic waveform data for tissue characterization studies. It was found necessary to expose liver slices to vacuum for about 16 h in order to remove enough air to acquire waveform data from air‐free regions of interest in these slices. Larger portions of liver, and whole liver, were found to retain large amounts of air even after 16 h of exposure to vacuum.
Differential diagnosis of anechoic/hypoechoic lesions in the abdomen detected by ultrasound
Authors: Schölmerich Jürgen , Volk Brigitte A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound is the method of choice in the detection and differentiation of solid or cystic masses in the abdomen. The differential diagnosis of anechoic and hypoechoic lesions comprises a large variety of benign and malignant diseases or abnormalities. This paper describes a number of such lesions and, in addition, discusses the possible differential diagnoses so far reported in the literature. An attempt is made to describe the different features of such lesions. Most of them are rare but have to be considered if a lesion of unknown origin or clinical relevance is detected by ultrasound.
Production of microbubbles for use as echo contrast agents
Authors: Butler Bruce D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA variety of agents have been proposed for use as contrast for ultrasound studies. Several reports suggest the use of microbubbles because of their superior son‐ographic resolution. We describe a method of producing calibrated microbubbles utilizing differential absorption and gas injection techniques. Gas injection methods are described using a Plexiglas® microbubbler apparatus with a fine needle orifice. The bubbles originally produced by this device are in a size range of 40–100 μm and consist of nitrogen (10%) and carbon dioxide (90%). The differential absorption technique uses THAM [tris(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride] to absorb the carbon dioxide (diluent gas) from the bubbles selectively, leaving smaller microbubbles. The microbubbles can be calibrated using the electric gating principle of the Coulter Counter.
Echo‐doppler measurement of splanchnic blood flow in control and cirrhotic subjects
Authors: Zoli Marco , Marchesini Giulio , Cordiani Maria Rita , Pisi Paolo , Brunori Alessandra , Trono Antonio , Pisi Emilio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlood flow in the splanchnic veins was studied in cirrhotics and matched controls by means of a system that combines a mechanical sector scanner with a pulsed Doppler. The measurements were validated in an in vitro model. Echo‐doppler studies could be carried out reproducibly in only approximately two‐thirds of cases because of poor echo transmission or incomplete cooperation. Portal blood velocity was significantly reduced in cirrhotics (10.5 ± 0.6 cds versus 16.0 ± 0.5 in controls; p < 0.001), but portal blood flow was normal because of enlarged portal caliber. A complete hemodynamic evaluation of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins was possible in only a few subjects. In selected patients the technique may prove relevant in the study of hemodynamic effects of drugs and surgery on portal blood flow.
Acardiac anomaly: Review of the subject with case report and emphasis on practical sonography
Authors: Gibson John Y. , D'Cruz Cyril A. , Patel Ramesh B. , Palmer Sue M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe acardiac anomaly is a rare condition found only in monozygotic multiple pregnancies, usually twins. We present a review of the pathophysiology of acardia and a case report. Twin embryonic membrane formation is discussed, since a conceptual understanding of the subject is necessary for the early recognition of this and other evere anomalies. Emphasis is placed on close sonographic monitoring to insure the best chance of survival of the normal twin, who may die of heart failure if delivery is not properly timed.
Ultrasound of normal skin
Authors: Fornage Bruno D. , Deshayes Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe authors have used a commercially available real‐time sector scanner and a 10‐MHz probe with a built‐in water path for B‐mode imaging of the normal skin. Measurements have been performed in 10 volunteers at 18 sites on the body surface. Normal skin thickness ranges from 1.4 mm at the dorsal aspect of hand to 4.8 mm at the heel. Clinical applications of B‐mode imaging of the skin are discussed.
Mathematical modeling of fetal growth. IV. Evaluation of trunk growth using the abdominal profile area
Authors: Rossavik Ivar K. , Deter Russell L. , Hadlock Frank P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowth of the fetal abdomen has been reexamined in a longitudinal study of 32 normally growing fetuses using the abdominal profile area (AA) and the Rossavik growth model. The growth of the fetal abdomen was compared to that of the fetal head. In early pregnancy the growth rate was higher for the fetal head than for the fetal abdomen, whereas the opposite was the case in late pregnancy. The coefficient k was lower, and the s was higher, for AA than for the head profile area (HA), giving a less prominent sigmoid shape to the AA growth curve. The best correlation to fetal weight at birth was found for the AA growth curve as a whole. The AA s‐residual correlated best of all single parameters, with the coefficient c of HA being next. The s‐residual appears to reflect the nutritional supply available in late pregnancy, and we conclude that fetal weight at birth depends more on this supply than on the genetic factors controlling fetal growth.