bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Countryside
Authors: Hinshelwood R D 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe socially constructed concept of the countryside’ varies in different periods of history. These various pictures of ‘the countryside’ can be plotted quite accurately on various unconscious phantasies active within the minds of individuals, and discerned by psycho‐analysis. This paper explores this correspondence between the individual and the social (the collective) from several aspects.
Self Psychology: Origins and Overview
Authors: Lachmann Frank M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe origins of Kohut's theory of self psychology can be found in Freud's metapsychology. In his first book The Analysis of the Self, Kohut, however, reversed the classical assumption that posits narcissism and object love to be in a see‐saw relationship. He proposed separate lines of development for each, that is, an independent line of development for narcissism. Kohut's shift from a psychoanalytic focus on the narcissistic sector of the personality to a psychology of the self is outlined. The concept of ‘narcissistic transferences’ gave way to ‘selfobject transference’ . The self psychological view of sexuality, aggression, resistance, psychosexual development, the Oedipal phase, transference and countertransference are presented. Treatment implications derived from these contributions are the most extensive and revolutionary aspect of Kohut's proposals. A case vignette illustrates Kohut's distinction between Oedipal conflict pathology and Oedipal phase manifestations.
The Psychotherapist's Erotic Subjectivity
Authors: Mann David 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe therapist's erotic desires towards the client is a much tabooed and little discussed subject within psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. It is suggested that this topic needs to be opened up for scientific exploration and discussion. This paper is an investigation into the nature of the therapist’ s erotic subjectivity. A review of the literature suggests how difficult it is for many analysts to deal with their erotic desires towards the client completely successfully. Some clinical examples are given to illustrate how the therapist's erotic desires may make a positive contribution to the analysis. It is suggested that erotic desires are inevitable and are part of a healthy Oedipal development. The child needs to internalise and identify with the opposite sex parent's ability to contain incestuous longings. Like the parent, the therapist can expect to have sexual feelings for his or her clients. It is further suggested that objective erotic desires can be as useful as any other feeling the therapist might experience so long as they are analysed and understood in the client's interest.
Castration Desire
Authors: Mann David 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces the idea of castration desire: the desire to lose the penis to strengthen identification with the mother, to deny difference and thereby maintain the phantasy of fusion. Castration desire is therefore linked to the regressive part of the personality that seeks to avoid differentiation. In this context, castration anxiety is seen as a later development that actively promotes separation and individuation from the mother. These issues are explored using clinical and mythological examples.
Hateful Relationships
Authors: Gottlieb Sue 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThis paper explores some of the dynamics of hateful relationships between parts of the self as they are played out between patient and therapist. The patients described are dominated by a ruthless internal object bent upon eliminating the most vulnerable parts of the self and the potentially helpful external object. In its most extreme form this type of hatred becomes psychotic when it destroys the means of perception. Also considered is the hatred experienced by the therapist, and a distinction made between ‘objective’ hatred and that resulting from the projection into the therapist of a hating internal object.
The Promise of Family Therapy
Authors: Kraemer Sebastian 
Published: June 2007

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARYThe process of family therapy unleashes forces which are powerful, primitive and potentially theatrical. Family systems therapy has evolved with little acknowledgement, and even disparagement, of the influence of psychoanalysis. In doing so, it has had a revolutionary impact but also one which has diminished the role of experience, particularly in the therapist. There are signs of convergence between modern psychoanalysis and systems therapy, and both have refined techniques that foster the primary task of therapy, which is observation through participation. In order to achieve this, family therapists require their own special skills to protect them from being stage struck by the family/audience (who also provide the script). The positive connotation is just one of these techniques, and I try to unravel its workings from my own experience. Positive connotation is effective when it provokes a transformation in the therapist, which precedes any change in the family. It is a promising technique but it can lead one astray.
In the Name‐of‐the‐Father: Absent Presence
Authors: Weatherill Rob 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTPsychoanalysis exists! It exists despite splitting attacks made on it by the analysand, and by the analyst's own internal objects, which threaten to destroy it. But it is the silent abundant goodness of the analytic setting, its freedom, its openness, its ‘without memory or desire’, that enable us to experience primary hate in face of terror. But no one possesses this goodness. Unless the analyst has some acknowledged or unacknowledged faith in this goodness, which is never his own, he will not be able to bear envy and will resort to cynicism or manipulation.
Further Thoughts on ‘That Which Patients Bring to Analysis’
Authors: Rey J. H. , Magagna Jeanne 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe concept of the internal objects and internal and external spaces has been further developed in this paper. These objects are an important part of patients seeking treatment for themselves for they are also looking unconsciously for ‘treatment’ of these objects. The objects are ‘damaged’ and the patient does not know how to repair them. He keeps them alive in the hope that help will come. The methods used to keep them alive, even when dying, have been described. The stages at which these objects have been, or are thought to have been, damaged is vital. For example, they can range from the sensori‐motor level to higher levels of maturation, to produce psychosis, borderline or hypochondria. The concrete level is stressed for it leads to concrete repair as opposed to psychic reparation.
Varieties of Disorders of the Self
Authors: Wolf Ernest S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTFifteen years have passed since ‘The disorders of the self and their treatment: an outline’ (Kohut & Wolf 1978) presented an up‐to‐date survey of the progress that had been achieved in the development of self psychology. It seems now that the time is ripe for another stock‐taking. Especially diagnosis, aetiology and treatment possibilities should be brought in line with accumulating clinical experience. The content and focus of this essay are determined by an attempt to clarify aspects of theory and practice that have remained problematical. Again, as in 1978, a classification of self disorders forms the centre of this survey.
Becoming a Grandmother: The Third Position
Authors: Issroff Rahle 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe third position refers to a type of relationship where one is an observer of a relationship rather than a participant. It is the attainment of this position that enables a grandmother to accept her child's partner and the birth of their baby. The type of anxiety aroused in grandmother by the birth will depend on the extent to which she has been able to resolve her oedipal anxieties. My own experience of becoming a grandmother and my work with a patient who became a grandmother during therapy contributed to my understanding of the significance of this life event.
Problems of Identity in Multi‐Disciplinary Teams: The Self and Systems in Change
Authors: Nightingale Anne , Scott David 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTRapid changes in the ethos and functioning of the NHS are examined in the light of their effect on the multidisciplinary team members of a psychotherapy service. A process account is given of the nature of the changes in the service, the early emergence of difficulties in the team and their identification in psychodynamic terms. Some preliminary solutions are discussed. A theoretical discussion examines the need for an alternative meta psychology, involving the concept of the autonomous self and open systems theory, to aid our understanding of the process by which a system change can provoke psychic disturbance in the individual.
Why Purchase Psychotherapy Services?
Authors: Healy Kevin 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTCase examples are used to illustrate the human consequences of the significant levels of psychosocial morbidity in Britain today. A variety of psychotherapeutic interventions may reduce morbidity and also reduce the social costs such morbidity accounts for. The value of a psychotherapy assessment is emphasised as a way of matching resources and patients. In this connection the specialist role of the consultant psychotherapist is discussed.
Silence and Emptiness in the Service of Healing: Lessons from Meditation
Authors: Del Monte Michael 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis article gives a brief historical introduction to meditation in the Christian and other religious traditions, relating it to concepts of Freud and Bion. Following a description of the technique of meditation, its essence is then discussed ‐ especially in terms of its embeddedness in mystical traditions which hail from the old religions of the Orient. The main part of this paper concerns the work and teachings of John Main, the Benedictine monk who arguably did most to reintroduce the ancient discipline of Christian meditation to contemporary Western practitioners. Parallels are drawn between Main's view of silence in meditation and silence in psychoanalysis.The article ends with some cautious notes on the possibility that meditation, as Main described it, may not be ideal for schizoid, dissociated, or overly narcissistic individuals. Those practitioners with good ego‐strengths are likely to benefit the most.
Being in the Know: Thoughts on Training, Prestige and Knowledge
Authors: Gardner Fiona 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to explore aspects of psychoanalytic psychotherapy training, with particular reference to the pressures and uncertainties experienced following graduation. The prestige of the professional position places expectations ‘to know’, so there is an ambivalence in remaining open to analytic knowledge as supposition. The effect of unconscious processes is examined alongside the influence of role responsiveness. The concept of ‘embodied knowledge’ is proposed as a possible synthesis of the experiential and learning processes, whilst still leaving us with an open rather than restricted perspective… and ‘to know’ Rather consists in opening out a way. (Browning)
Holmes on Bowlby and the Future of Psychotherapy: A Response
Authors: Ryle Anthony 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTHolmes’ discussion of the clinical implications of attachment theory is critically discussed. It is argued that the use of interpretation presented by Holmes to explain Bowlby's dispute with the psychoanalytic establishment is inappropriate and that the differences between psychoanalytic ideas and those proposed by Bowlby and arising from later observational studies of early development are substantial. Finally it is suggested that neither Bowlby nor psychoanalysis pay sufficient attention to the child's organisation of meaning in the early interaction with caretakers.
On Beginning Treatment
Authors: Rycroft Charles 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn ‘On Beginning Treatment’ I compare and contrast the ‘correct’ procedure for beginning an analysis that I was taught in the 1940s with how I begin treatment now in the 1990s. I argue that my present method is less rigid, less authoritarian and more realistic than the ‘classical’ procedure I was taught 50 years ago. I end the paper with some reflections on training analyses and their economic and emotional significance for both training analyst and trainee analysand.
Cross‐Gender Identifications in Heterosexual Couples
Authors: Colman Warren 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA well‐established sense of gender does not depend on sexual object choice but on a sense of security in belonging to the gender correlated to one's biological sex. Cross‐gender identifications are often found in heterosexual couples who show a marked reversal of conventional gender norms and whose typical interaction constitutes a shared defence against their mutual lack of gender security. Both partners are ‘possessed’ by the contrasexual archetype (anima and animus) and have been unable to integrate their contrasexual potential. Three aetiological factors seem to predispose both men and women towards cross‐gender identification: an over‐close relationship with the parent of the opposite sex, a negative identification with the parent of the same sex and inappropriate use by their mothers as substitute caretakers (‘narcissistic objects’). In both sexes masculinity is idealised while femininity is denigrated.
The Dream of Psychoanalysis: Irma's Dream, Some Commentaries, and a Contemplation of its Navel
Authors: Morgan Sian 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTFreud's dream of 1895, ‘Irma's Dream’, stands at the beginning of psychoanalytic theory, but Freud's analysis only glancingly refers to the ‘unknown’ elements that are found at ‘the navel of the dream’. The imagery of the dream suggests this phrasing is significant and that unconscious elements refer to the oracle at Delphi. At Delphi a chthonic goddess was supplanted by a patriarchy; the ‘unknown’ at the centre of the dream is the archaic mother, repressed by Freud and by the patriarchal character of early psychoanalytic theory.
Group Analysis, Transculturality and Ethics
Authors: Brown Dennis G. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe foundation matrix described by Foulkes embodies values, standards and myths of each culture as well as our common biological characteristics. The workshops of the European Association for Transcultural Group Analysis have revealed how much of this matrix is unconscious, taken for granted, until we are confronted by people of another culture or have to move from one culture to another. Such a move is often traumatic. The abuse of difference is integral to historical tragedy and trauma, but a move from paranoid destructiveness to depressive reparation is possible in favourable circumstances.Primitive morality is contrasted with more mature ethics. In the microsphere the basis of a sense of justice and fairness is traced to the nursing couple and the early family. In the macrosphere its socio‐cultural base is seen to be manifested in family rules and laws of inheritance. Maturity involves the appreciation of and transcending of differences and different interests. It is proposed that the psychoanalytic concept of ‘genitality’ offers a paradigm for transculturality.
What Do We Mean by ‘Psychodynamic’? A Contribution to the Development of a Model
Authors: Lidmila Alan 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTI hope to make a preliminary contribution to the development of a model that more clearly reformulates the practices of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in a way that recognizes a diversity of analytic practice that I think has been misdescribed ‐ technically and politically ‐ as ‘psychodynamic’. The paper firstly considers the question of definition and suggests four identifiable meanings of the term’ psychodynamic’. The discussion then reviews a number of core and inextricably connected questions of theory and practice under the following headings: setting and regression, time and frequency, countertransference, creativity and the real relationship, interpretation and pure technique, and the problem of eclecticism. The paper concludes by briefly exploring the parameters of psychodynamic practice in relation to eclecticism in psychotherapy, and makes a plea for a model that is consistent, authentic and ecumenical.
An Attachment‐Based Approach to Working with Clients Affected by HIV and AIDS
Authors: Purnell Chris 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relevance of attachment theory in the provision of psychological support to people who are affected by HIV. It highlights the themes of change, loss and vulnerability as central to the issues which confront members of this client group. Indications are provided of a range of attachment‐related behavioural responses which can be activated by these conditions, and illustrations are provided of how the activation of attachment behaviour can destabilize the relationships of some clients who are anxiously attached. The concept of a secure base, a term first coined by Mary Ainsworth and developed as a theme by the originator of attachment theory, John Bowlby, is presented as being a central provision by the therapist in work with clients who are affected by HIV, and illustrations are given of how the therapist might begin to help build a secure base for clients who have anxious, internal working models of attachment. The paper concludes with an indication of how an attachment‐based approach might be used in working with clients in the terminal stages of HIV‐related illness.
LOVE IN THE TIME OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: Gerrard Jackie 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the hypothesis that patients need to arouse the loving feelings of their psychotherapists in order to reach a sense of their own lovableness and capacities for loving. The history of love in the countertransference is reviewed and two kinds of love are described, leading to the idea that secondary love arises out of primary love. Examples of work with three patients demonstrate clinically various ways in which the therapist's loving feelings are reached.
PSYCHOTHERAPY AND MEMORY – AN ATTACHMENT PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Holmes Jeremy 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTEarly Freudian concepts of memory are contrasted with those of contemporary psychoanalysis. Freud and Breuer's project to ‘remove the amnesias’ has been replaced with a more subtle, context‐bound view of memory, in which it is not only facts but their associated affects that need to be retrieved. The attachment‐based typology of insecure attachment patterns provides a framework for thinking about memories in psychotherapy, which may be suppressed, overwhelming or unintegrated. Memories are constructions and are therefore inherently unreliable. ‘Normal’ and traumatic memories are processed, stored and retrieved in different ways. The controversy over recovered memories and the false memory syndrome are reviewed in the light of this argument. Therapeutic implications are discussed.
Bicuspid aortic valve in competitive athletes
Authors: Stefani L , Galanti G , Toncelli L , Manetti P , Vono M C , Rizzo M , Maffulli N 
Published: June 2007

Aim:Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital cardiac condition. The presence of BAV in non-elite athletes has been poorly investigated; it is usually asymptomatic until valvular stenosis, regurgitation or other vascular alterations are evident.Design:Over a three-year period, 2273 competitive athletes were consecutively investigated with transthoracic echocardiography. The traditional parameters, the aortic root dimensions at four levels and the systolic and diastolic flow of aortic valve, were studied with continuous Doppler according to the echo guidelines.Setting:The study protocol included all the non-elite athletes investigated for the first evaluation to obtain eligibility.Patients:2273 competitive athletes aged 8–60 years from several sports and regularly trained were evaluated with anamnesis, clinical check-up and echocardiography in order to exclude subjects with systemic or congenital heart disease.Results:BAV was diagnosed in 58 athletes (2.5%). Of these, nine had normal valvular function, 47 had abnormal valvular function with mild–moderate aortic regurgitation, and two had moderate stenosis. Aortic root dimensions at all levels were significantly greater in athletes with BAV than in athletes with a normal tricuspid valve. No relation was found with age, body surface area, aortic regurgitation or years of training.Conclusions:BAV is a relatively common congenital cardiac disease in athletes and commonly asymptomatic for a long time. This study suggests the usefulness of evaluating young athletes using echocardiography at least once when they start their sporting activity.
Equipment-independent reference values for dopamine transporter imaging with 123I-FP-CIT
Authors: Hornung J. , Hamann C. , Pöpperl G. , Tatsch K. , Koch W. 
Published: June 2007

Summary
Aim: Reliable reference values are helpful to interpret and compare the results of dopamine transporter imaging with SPECT. Since semi-quantitative reference values cannot be easily transferred between imaging equipments, this study aimed to establish equipment independent normal values for the true striatal binding of 123I-FP-CIT. Patients, methods: Specific striatal FP-CIT binding of 6 healthy volunteers and 26 patients with essential tremor were used to generate a reference range by applying an equipment specific resolution dependent factor to compensate for recovery effects. This factor has been determined previously by a series of standardized phantom measurements of an anthropomorphic basal ganglia phantom. Herewith, the resulting DAT binding values represent the expected true specific binding in the striatum. Results: On average, true specific striatal binding was 5.83 ± 0.96 in healthy controls, 5.25 ± 0.67 in patients with essential tremor and 5.36 ± 0.75 in the entire study cohort. Conclusion: These preliminary results may serve as a basis for the generation of a generally accepted equipment independent reference range for dopamine transporter imaging with 123I-FP-CIT. By a simple phantom measurement that can be accomplished within one day factors related to specific imaging equipment and processing can be corrected for, resulting in specific binding values which may enable a more standardized interpretation of dopamine transporter scans.