bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoma of the calvaria in l‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Authors: Larnaout A. , Amouri R. , Neji S. , Zouari M. , Kaabachi N. , Hentati F. 
Published: October 2007

Summaryl‐2‐Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (l‐2‐OHGA) is a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disease linked to chromosome 14q21.1 and is caused by mutations in the gene that most likely encodes l‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, which normally catalyses l‐2‐hydroxyglutarate to α‐ketoglutarate. It is characterized by progressive mental deterioration, pyramidal and cerebellar syndromes, macrocephaly and marked polycystic white‐matter degeneration mainly involving frontal lobes. Brain tumours of variable nature have frequently been observed in l‐2‐OHGA. We report a patient affected by this disease who at the age of 20 years developed a bone tumour involving the right frontal region of the calvaria. He had first presented at the age of 10 years with psychomotor delay, clumsy gait and moderate mental impairment. Examination showed macrocephaly, cerebellar ataxia and quadripyramidal syndrome. Brain MRI showed low signal intensities on T1‐weighted images and high signal intensities on T2‐weighted images in cerebral subcortical white matter. Serum and urinary amino acid assay was normal. Urinary 2‐hydroxyglutaric acid was 1418 mmol/mol creatinine (controls <25). Analysis of the l‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene revealed a homozygous mutation in exon 2 (A320G). At the age of 20 years, an osteoma of the right frontal bone was diagnosed. This finding reinforces the opinion concerning the association of l‐2‐OHGA and tumorigenesis and prompted us to verify the possible responsibility of some overproduced substances in this disease for the development of tumours and to look for any correlation between the type of mutation in the l‐2‐OHGA gene and the tumorigenic potential observed in some patients affected by this disease.
Molecular differences in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene and development of a species-specific marker for onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and melon thrips, T. palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), vectors of tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae)
Authors: Asokan R. , Krishna Kumar N.K. , Kumar Vikas , Ranganath H.R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA quick and developmental-stage non-limiting method of the identification of vectors of tospoviruses, such as Thrips tabaci and T. palmi, is important in the study of vector transmission, insecticide resistance, biological control, etc. Morphological identification of these thrips vectors is often a stumbling block in the absence of a specialist and limited by polymorphism, sex, stage of development, etc. Molecular identification, on the other hand, is not hampered by the above factors and can easily be followed by a non-specialist with a little training. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) exhibits reliable inter-species variations as compared to the other markers. In this communication, we present the differences in the mtCOI partial sequence of morphologically identified specimens of T. tabaci and T. palmi collected from onion and watermelon, respectively. Species-specific markers, identified in this study, could successfully determine T. tabaci and T. palmi, which corroborated the morphological identification. Phylogenetic analyses showed that both T. tabaci and T. palmi formed different clades as compared to the other NCBI accessions. The implication of these variations in vector efficiency has to be investigated further. The result of this investigation is useful in the quick identification of T. tabaci and T. palmi, a critical factor in understanding the epidemiology of the tospoviruses, their management and also in quarantine.
Differential electroantennogram response of females and males of two parasitoid species to host-related green leaf volatiles and inducible compounds
Authors: Chen L. , Fadamiro H.Y. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractParasitoids employ different types of host-related volatile signals for foraging and host-location. Host-related volatile signals can be plant-based, originate from the herbivore host or produced from an interaction between herbivores and their plant host. In order to investigate potential sex- and species-related differences in the antennal response of parasitoids to different host-related volatiles, we compared the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of both sexes of the specialist parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), and the generalist, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), to varying doses of selected plant-based host-related volatiles: two green leaf volatiles (cis-3-hexenol and hexanal) and three inducible compounds (cis-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, and (E,E)-α-farnesene). Mating had no significant effect on EAG response. Females of both species showed significantly greater EAG responses than conspecific males to green leaf volatiles, which are released immediately after initiation of herbivore feeding damage. In contrast, males showed greater responses than conspecific females to inducible compounds released much later after initial damage. Cotesia marginiventris females and males showed greater EAG responses than counterpart M. croceipes to the tested compounds at various doses, suggesting that the generalist parasitoid shows greater antennal sensitivity than the specialist to the tested host-plant volatiles. These results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of green leaf volatiles and inducible compounds in the ecology of female and male parasitoids.
How can alien species inventories and interception data help us prevent insect invasions?
Authors: Kenis M. , Rabitsch W. , Auger-Rozenberg M.-A. , Roques A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractInformation relevant to invasion processes and invasive alien insect species management in Central Europe was extracted from two databases: a compilation of two inventories of alien insects in Austria and Switzerland, and a list of interceptions of non-indigenous plant pests in Europe gathered by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) for the period 1995–2004. For one-third of the insects established in Switzerland and Austria, the region of origin is unclear. Others come mainly from North America, Asia and the Mediterranean region. Among the intercepted insects, 40% were associated with commodities from Asia, 32% from Europe and only 2% from North America. Sternorrhyncha, Coleoptera and Psocoptera were particularly well represented in the alien fauna compared to the native fauna. In the interception database, Sternorrhyncha were also well represented but Diptera accounted for the highest number of records. Sap feeders and detritivores were the dominant feeding niches in the alien insect fauna. In contrast, external defoliators, stem borers, gall makers, root feeders, predators and parasitoids were underrepresented. Nearly 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria live only indoors. Another 15% live outdoors but exclusively or predominantly on exotic plants. Less than 20% are found mainly in ‘natural’ environments. The majority of introductions of alien insects in Europe are associated with the international trade in ornamental plants. An economic impact was found for 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria, whereas none is known to have an ecological impact. The implications of these observations for further studies and the management of alien species in Europe are discussed.
Early season natural control of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens: the contribution and interaction of two spider species and a predatory bug
Authors: Sigsgaard L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNilaparvata lugens Stål, the Brown Planthopper (BPH), is a major pest in rice. The lycosid Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg & Strand) and the linyphiid Atypena formosana (Oi) are the early dominant predators in irrigated rice. Later, predatory bugs, including the mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, become dominant. In unsprayed rice, BPH numbers normally remain low. While P. pseudoannulata is known to be a key natural enemy of BPH, the contribution to BPH reduction by the smaller A. formosana is less well known. Due to the size difference, A. formosana may also be an intraguild prey of P. pseudoannulata. To investigate predation on BPH by the two spider species alone, together and in combination with C. lividipennis, two cage experiments were conducted, the first with adult spiders, the second with immature/unmated spiders. In the latter, spiders were introduced with a delay to allow a better establishment of C. lividipennis. In both experiments, BPH numbers were lowest in treatments with more than one predator species present. Intermediate BPH reduction was obtained with P. pseudoannulata followed by A. formosana and C. lividipennis. While P. pseudoannulata can prey upon large nymphs and adult BPH, A. formosana favour early instar BPH, leading to a more even control across instars in treatments with both spider species. Pardosa pseudoannulata numbers increased more with A. formosana or A. formosana and C. lividipennis present. In contrast, P. pseudoannulata reduced A. formosana and C. lividipennis numbers. The presence of C. lividipennis apparently lessened intraguild predation on A. formosana and may be an intraguild prey of A. formosana. Competition for prey may have added to the antagonistic interactions found. From a biological control perspective, the presence of both spiders in early rice is an advantage for the biological control of BPH in rice. In early rice, results show that A. formosana is an important predator of BPH and, like C. lividipennis, can complement control by P. pseudoannulata and serve as intraguild prey for the latter species.
Parameter rigid actions of the Heisenberg groups
Authors: DOS SANTOS NATHAN M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA locally free action of a Lie group is parameter rigid if for each other action with the same orbit foliation there exists a $C^\infty $ orbit-preserving diffeomorphism which conjugates the action to a reparametrization of the other by an automorphism of the Lie group. We show that for actions of the Heisenberg groups, if the first leafwise cohomology group of the orbit foliation is isomorphic to the first cohomology of the Lie algebra of the group, then the action is parameter rigid. Using this, we give examples of parameter rigid actions for all of the Heisenberg groups.
Workforce Responses to the Creeping Privatization of the UK National Health Service
Authors: Givan Rebecca Kolins , Bach Stephen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWhen the British National Health Service was founded in 1948, professional employees and support staff, with the exception of family doctors, worked directly for the state. Since the 1980s, private employment in the National Health Service (NHS) has steadily grown. Beginning with the outsourcing of support services, the number of privately-employed workers in the National Health Service has gradually increased. This paper argues that marketization in the health sector has increased dramatically under the New Labour government. As policymakers have moved from ideological to pragmatic justifications for marketization, union opposition has similarly become more pragmatic and less ideological. With unions unable to stop these reforms, they have turned to the practical concerns of their members in partially-privatized workplaces under complex employment arrangements. This article shows that while ideologically opposing marketization, unions and employees have been forced into a more pragmatic position. Research at two privately-funded public hospitals shows that unions in the workplace have used their resources to protect their members, as thwarting the involvement of the private sector is nearly impossible.
“Blame the System, Not the Victim!” Organizing the Unemployed in New Zealand, 1983–1992
Authors: Locke Cybèle 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe restructuring of capital and the transformation of the workforce in the late twentieth century has produced a newly-shaped working class; one that encompasses those in insecure work and unemployed workers. With this repositioning has come new political organizations of unemployed workers, of which Te Roopu Rawakore o Aotearoa, the national New Zealand organization for unemployed workers, is an example. This organization of unemployed was not only significant for its existence in the face of poverty, status disintegration, and a perceived sense of social worthlessness, but also for the tripartite ideology its members employed. Unemployed workers in New Zealand combined the identity politics of race and gender with a class-based critique of society to demand “the right to work and a living wage for all.”
Racism in a “Raceless” Society: The Soviet Press and Representations of American Racial Violence at Stalingrad in 1930
Authors: Roman Meredith 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn late August 1930, two white American workers from the Ford Motor Company in Detroit were tried for attacking a black American laborer at one of the Soviet Union's prized giants of socialist industry, the Stalingrad Traktorostroi. Soviet trade-union authorities and all-union editors used the near month-long campaign to bring the two assailants to “proletarian justice,” in order to cultivate the image that workers in the USSR valued American technical and industrial knowledge in the construction of the new socialist society, but vehemently rejected American racism. They reinforced this image in publications by juxtaposing visual depictions of Soviet citizens' acceptance of black Americans as equals against those which portrayed the lynching of black workers in the United States.
WHAT ARE ENLIGHTENMENTS?
Authors: MCMAHON DARRIN M. 
Published: October 2007

Jonathan Israel, Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650–1750 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001)Jonathan Israel, Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man 1670–1750 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006)“A public can only attain enlightenment slowly,” Kant famously observed. His use of the term “public” (Publikum), of course, is notoriously slippery, and even now, after decades of academic discussion of Öffenlichkeit and l'opinion publique, it regularly trips up the unsuspecting undergraduate intent on answering Kant's central question: What is enlightenment? And yet it is clear that whatever else he meant, Kant envisioned a central role for the scholar (Gelehrter) in constituting the public, and furthering enlightenment. And so we might say, in a Kantian gloss, that scholars attain enlightenment, and knowledge of the Enlightenment, only slowly.
ORIENTALISM REVERSED: RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN THE TIMES OF EMPIRES
Authors: ETKIND ALEXANDER 
Published: October 2007

Susan Layton, Russian Literature and Empire: Conquest of the Caucasus from Pushkin to Tolstoy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, paperback version 2005; first edition 1994)Harsha Ram, The Imperial Sublime: A Russian Poetics of Empire (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2003)In the last decades of the Russian Empire, Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire made for favorite reading among the intelligentsia. Today imperial themes have become increasingly important in American academia; historians and literary scholars who study Russia are no exception. The two studies under review explore the spirit and the letter of the Russian Empire in the moment of boom and glory preceding its collapse. Published in 1994, Susan Layton's Russian Literature and Empire was the pioneering study of the subject. Published in 2003, Harsha Ram's The Imperial Sublime is so different from Layton's book that the differences, rooted in the American rather than the Russian imperial experience, deserve reflection in their own right. While Layton looked at the world through the emancipatory optic of postcolonialist and feminist movements, Ram manifests a different kind of sensibility, one which is alert to the scale and beauty of the victorious power. In a sad but understandable way, Susan Layton's ethical concerns give way to Harsha Ram's aesthetic ones.
“LIKE BUT UNALIKE”: ERIC SUNDQUIST AND LITERARY HISTORICISM
Authors: POSNOCK ROSS 
Published: October 2007

Eric Sundquist, Strangers in the Land: Blacks, Jews, Post-Holocaust America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005)As measured by that deadly but inescapable phrase “quantity and quality,” Eric Sundquist is perhaps the most productive American literature scholar of his generation. Since 1979, when he was still in his twenties, he has authored half a dozen books while editing another half-dozen. All have made an impact and many of these have been highly influential—his first book, Home as Found: Authority and Genealogy in Nineteenth-Century American Literature, was among the very first to read canonical American works through the lens of contemporary literary and psychoanalytic theory; his edited collection American Realism: New Essays (1982) proved pivotal in reviving the critical energy in a major but long-dormant literary and historical period. To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature (1993) was by implicit design and to powerful effect nothing less than a rewriting of the foundational work of American literary history and criticism—F. O. Matthiessen's monumental American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman (1941). I will spend some time describing To Wake the Nations not only because of the book's exceptional importance but because its eloquent introduction provides the closest thing to a critical credo that Sundquist has written. His description there of his critical ideals—particularly of “justice,” boundary-crossing and “verification”—will help orient our approach to Strangers in the Land, which remains loyal to these ideals as it extends his interest in race and ethnicity, black and white, to the tormented subject of blacks and Jews, united by a “bond of alienation.” (52).
Ammonia oxidation and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea from estuaries with differing histories of hypoxia
Authors: Caffrey Jane M , Bano Nasreen , Kalanetra Karen , Hollibaugh James T 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Nitrification, the oxidation of NH4+ to NO2− and subsequently to NO3−, plays a central role in the nitrogen cycle and is often a critical first step in nitrogen removal from estuarine and coastal environments. The first and rate-limiting step in nitrification is catalyzed by the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase (AmoA). We evaluate the relationships between the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA genes; potential nitrification rates and environmental variables to identify factors influencing AOA abundance and nitrifier activity in estuarine sediments. Our results showed that potential nitrification rates increased as abundance of AOA amoA increased. In contrast, there was no relationship between potential nitrification rates and AOB amoA abundance. This suggests that AOA are significant in estuarine nitrogen cycling. Surprisingly, more of the variability in potential nitrification rates was predicted by salinity and pore water sulfide than by dissolved oxygen history.
Primary producing prokaryotic communities of brine, interface and seawater above the halocline of deep anoxic lake L'Atalante, Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Yakimov Michail M , La Cono Violetta , Denaro Renata , D'Auria Giuseppe , Decembrini Franco , Timmis Kenneth N , Golyshin Peter N , Giuliano Laura 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Meso- and bathypelagic ecosystems represent the most common marine ecological niche on Earth and contain complex communities of microorganisms that are for the most part ecophysiologically poorly characterized. Gradients of physico-chemical factors (for example, depth-related gradients of light, temperature, salinity, nutrients and pressure) constitute major forces shaping ecosystems at activity ‘hot spots’ on the ocean floor, such as hydrothermal vents, cold seepages and mud volcanoes and hypersaline lakes, though the relationships between community composition, activities and environmental parameters remain largely elusive. We report here results of a detailed study of primary producing microbial communities in the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The brine column of the deep anoxic hypersaline brine lake, L'Atalante, the overlying water column and the brine-seawater interface, were characterized physico- and geochemically, and microbiologically, in terms of their microbial community compositions, functional gene distributions and [14C]bicarbonate assimilation activities. The depth distribution of genes encoding the crenarchaeal ammonia monooxygenase α subunit (amoA), and the bacterial ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (RuBisCO), was found to coincide with two different types of chemoautotrophy. Meso- and bathypelagic microbial communities were enriched in ammonia-oxidizing Crenarchaeota, whereas the autotrophic community at the oxic/anoxic interface of L'Atalante lake was dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria and sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria. These autotrophic microbes are thus the basis of the food webs populating these deep-sea ecosystems.
Differences in the gene expression profile of human monocytic cells activated by high and low affinity Fc-gamma-receptors.
Authors: Manikandan Jayapal , Reghunathan Renji , Melendez Alirio Jose , Pushparaj Peter Natesan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractReceptors for the constant (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G, play an important role in linking the humoral and cellular arms of immune response. Three different classes of receptors have been defined, FcγRI (CD64), FcγRII (CD 32), and FcγRIII (CD16). We have previously shown that in a human monocyte model (IFNγ-primed U937 cells), FcγRI and FcγRII stimulation trigger two very distinct intracellular signalling pathways. Here we show for the first time, the use of oligonucleotide microarrays to investigate the overall gene-expression profile of human monocytes triggered with FcγRI or FcγRII. Our data indicate that several interesting genes are differentially expressed in response to the different receptors, pointing out to a complete different genetic response of human monocytes regulated by the different signal transduction cascade triggered by FcγRI or FcγRIIa. Thus, providing new insights into the different mechanisms utilized by the different IgG receptors to effect their functions.
Activation of TRF3 Transcription Factor by Small Interfering RNAs
Authors: Persengiev Stephan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNAs that results in posttranscriptional silencing of target gene expression. Double-stranded processed RNAs of 21-23 nt were found to affect in a non-specific manner a number of signaling and transcription pathways, including interferon and PKR cascades. We report here that siRNAs induce the expression of general transcription factor TRF3, which can trigger an interferon response in mammalian cells.