bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Disclosure Risk Assessment: Predicting Small Frequencies in Contingency Tables
Authors: Forster Jonathan J. , Webb Emily L. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryWe propose an approach for assessing the risk of individual identification in the release of categorical data. This requires the accurate calculation of predictive probabilities for those cells in a contingency table which have small sample frequencies, making the problem somewhat different from usual contingency table estimation, where interest is generally focused on regions of high probability. Our approach is Bayesian and provides posterior predictive probabilities of identification risk. By incorporating model uncertainty in our analysis, we can provide more realistic estimates of disclosure risk for individual cell counts than are provided by methods which ignore the multivariate structure of the data set.
Modelling Three-Dimensional Trajectories by Using Bézier Curves with Application to Hand Motion
Authors: Faraway Julian J. , Reed Matthew P. , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2007

Summary
A modelling approach for three-dimensional trajectories with particular application to hand reaching motions is described. Bézier curves are defined by control points which have a convenient geometrical interpretation. A fitting method for the control points to trajectory data is described. These fitted control points are then linked to covariates of interest by using a regression model. This allows the prediction of new trajectories and the ability to model the variability in trajectories. The methodology is illustrated with an application to hand trajectory modelling for ergonomics. Motion capture was used to collect a total of about 2000 hand trajectories performed by 20 subjects to a variety of targets. A simple model with strong predictive performance and interpretablility is developed. The use of hand trajectory models in the digital human models for virtual manufacturing applications is discussed.
An Analysis of Pulsation Periods of Long Period Variable Stars
Authors: Hart Jeffrey D. , Koen Chris , Lombard Fred 
Published: September 2007

SummaryWe report the results of a period change analysis of time series observations for 378 pulsating variable stars. The null hypothesis of no trend in expected periods is tested for each of the stars. The tests are non-parametric in that potential trends are estimated by local linear smoothers. Our testing methodology has some novel features. First, the null distribution of a test statistic is defined to be the distribution that results in repeated sampling from a population of stars. This distribution is estimated by means of a bootstrap algorithm that resamples from the collection of 378 stars. Bootstrapping in this way obviates the problem that the conditional sampling distribution of a statistic, given a particular star, may depend on unknown parameters of that star. Another novel feature of our test statistics is that one-sided cross-validation is used to choose the smoothing parameters of the local linear estimators on which they are based. It is shown that doing so results in tests that are tremendously more powerful than analogous tests that are based on the usual version of cross-validation. The positive false discovery rate method of Storey is used to account for the fact that we simultaneously test 378 hypotheses. We ultimately find that 56 of the 378 stars have changes in mean pulsation period that are significant when controlling the positive false discovery rate at the 5% level.
BURYING THE DEAD, CREATING THE PAST1
Authors: RUNIA EELCO 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTProfessional historians tend to be ambivalent about one of the prime historical phenomena of our time: the desire to commemorate. The amount of attention given to memory (collective or not) and trauma bears witness to the fact that historians really do want to give in to that desire; the fact that they treat these subjects in a rather “positivist” way suggests that they regard it as a bit improper to do so wholeheartedly. As a result commemoration is all over the place but is never taken as seriously as it should be. This essay argues that effective commemoration should start with a question Giambattista Vico might have asked: “who are we that this could have happened?” Posing this question means relinquishing the identity‐enhancing, self‐celebrating stance from which we tend to commemorate “unimaginable” events. Commemorative self‐exploration is a confrontation with what we don't like to be confronted with: the fact that occasionally we behave in utter contradiction to what we regard as our identity. Heterodox, “monstrous,” and therefore Gedächtnisfähig behavior comes in three varieties: things we are proud of, things we are ashamed of, and the sublime “mutations” in which we “commit” history and embark on the unimaginable. Because sublime mutations change consciousness, commemorating them confronts posterity with almost insuperable epistemological difficulties. Commemorating sublime mutations means burying them—not in the sense of “covering” them, but in the sense of “inventing” a way in which they keep on living.
FLORENTINE CIVIC HUMANISM AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN IDEOLOGY
Authors: YORAN HANAN 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTThis article revisits the question of the modernity of the Renaissance by examining the political language of Florentine civic humanism and by critically analyzing the debate over Hans Baron's interpretation of the movement. It engages two debates that are usually conducted separately: one concerning the originality of civic humanism in comparison to medieval thought, and the other concerning the political and social function of the civic humanists' political republicanism in fifteenth‐century Florence. The article's main contention is that humanist political discourse rejected the perception of social and political reality as being part of, or reflecting, a metaphysical and divine order or things, and thus undermined the traditional justifications for political hierarchies and power relations. This created the conditions of possibility for the distinctively modern aspiration for a social and political order based on liberty and equality. It also resulted in the birth of a distinctively modern form of ideology, one that legitimizes the social order by disguising its inequalities and structures of domination. Humanism, like modern political thought generally, thus simultaneously constructs and reflects the dialectic of emancipation and domination so central to modernity itself.
Polarization of caveolins and caveolae during migration of immortalized neurons
Authors: Lentini D. , Guzzi F. , Pimpinelli F. , Zaninetti R. , Cassetti A. , Coco S. , Maggi R. , Parenti M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDuring CNS development neurons undergo directional migration to achieve their adult localizations. To study neuronal migration, we used a model cell line of immortalized murine neurons (gonadotropin‐releasing hormone expressing neurons; GN11), enriched with caveolins and caveolae invaginations that show in vitro chemotaxis upon serum exposure. Cholesterol depletion with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin induced the loss of caveolae and the inhibition of chemotaxis, thus suggesting that GN11 migration depends upon the structural integrity of caveolae. Polarization of proteins and organelles is a hallmark of cell migration. Accordingly, GN11 cells transmigrating through filter pores exhibited a polarized distribution of caveolin‐1 isoform (cav‐1) in the leading processes. In contrast, during two‐dimensional migration cav‐1 and caveolae polarized at the trailing edge. As caveolae are enriched with signaling molecules, we suggest that asymmetrical localization of caveolae may spatially orient GN11 neurons to incoming migratory signals thereby transducing them into directional migration.
mRNA expression levels of tight junction protein genes in mouse brain capillary endothelial cells highly purified by magnetic cell sorting
Authors: Ohtsuki Sumio , Yamaguchi Hirofumi , Katsukura Yuki , Asashima Tomoko , Terasaki Tetsuya 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTight junctions (TJs) are an important component of the blood‐brain barrier, and claudin‐1, ‐3, ‐5 and ‐12 have been reported to be localized at the TJs of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). To understand the contribution of each claudin subtype to TJ formation, we have measured the mRNA expression levels of claudin subtypes (claudin‐1 to ‐23) and other relevant proteins in highly purified mouse BCECs. Mouse BCECs were labeled with anti‐platelet endothelial cellular adhesion molecule‐1 antibody and 2.3 × 106 cells were isolated from 15 mice by magnetic cell sorting. Expression of Tie‐2, Mdr1a and GLUT1 mRNAs was concentrated in the isolated fraction, and contamination with neurons and astrocytes was substantially less than in the brain capillary fraction prepared by the standard glass‐beads column method. Expression of occludin, junctional adhesion molecule and endothelial‐specific adhesion molecule mRNAs was concentrated in the isolated fraction, suggesting that the corresponding proteins are selectively expressed in mouse BCECs. Among claudin subtypes, claudin‐5 was most highly expressed, at a level which was at least 593‐fold greater that that of claudin‐1, ‐3 or ‐12. Expression of mRNAs of claudin‐8, ‐10, ‐15, ‐17, ‐19, ‐20, ‐22 or ‐23 was also concentrated in the isolated fraction, suggesting these subtypes are expressed in mouse BCECs. The levels of claudin‐10 and ‐22 mRNAs were comparable with that of occludin mRNA. These results indicate that claudin‐5 is the most abundant claudin subtype in mouse BCECs, and are consistent with the idea that claudin‐10 and ‐22 are involved in TJ formation at the blood‐brain barrier in cooperation with claudin‐5.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the red snow crab (Chionoecetes japonicus)
Authors: AZUMA N. , ABE S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA total of 12 polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci were isolated from the red snow crab, Chionoecetes japonicus (Brachyura: Majidae), one of important fisheries resources in the Far East. The number of alleles observed at each locus ranged from two to 19, with the observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.125–0.875 and 0.156–0.949, respectively, suggesting these loci to be a useful molecular marker for population analysis in this species. Of the 12 loci, seven also were available for genotyping of the snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, implying these loci as a useful molecular marker in the genus Chionoecetes.
To What Extent Does the Financial Reporting Process Curb Earnings Surprise Games?
Authors: BROWN LAWRENCE D. , PINELLO ARIANNA SPINA 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTManagers play earnings surprise games to avoid negative earnings surprises by managing earnings upward or by managing analysts' earnings expectations downward. We investigate the effectiveness of the financial reporting process at restraining earnings surprise games. Because the annual reporting process is subject to an independent audit and more rigorous expense recognition rules than interim reporting, it provides managers with fewer opportunities to manage earnings upward. We document that, relative to interim reporting, annual reporting reduces the likelihood of income‐increasing earnings management and, to a lesser extent, of negative surprise avoidance, but increases the magnitude of downward expectations management. Our findings suggest that regulatory attempts to monitor corporations' internal checks and balances are likely to be more effective at curbing upward earnings management than at mitigating negative surprise avoidance.
Coagulation function in fresh‐frozen plasma prepared with two photochemical treatment methods: methylene blue and amotosalen
Authors: Osselaer Jean‐Claude , Debry Cécile , Goffaux Maite , Pineau Jacqueline , Calomme Genevieve , Dubuc Eric , Chatelain Bernard , Vandendaele Marie‐Claire , Hsu Jocelyn , Rheinschmidt Margaret , Lin Lily 
Published: September 2007

BACKGROUND: Pathogen inactivation of plasma intended for transfusion is now the standard of care in Belgium. Two methods for treatment of single plasma units are available: amotosalen plus ultraviolet A light and methylene blue plus visible light. This study compared the quality and stability of plasma treated with these two methods.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma units made from a pool of two ABO‐matched fresh apheresis units were photochemically treated with either amotosalen (PCT‐FFP) or methylene blue (MB‐FFP). A total of 12 paired samples were evaluated. Plasma coagulation function was assessed at three time points: immediately after treatment, after 30 days of frozen storage, and an additional 24 hours at 4°C after thawing. Comparison between PCT‐FFP and MB‐FFP was assessed with the paired t test and a p value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.RESULTS: Based on statistical analysis, mean levels of factor (F)II, FXII, FXIII, von Willebrand antigen, ADAMTS‐13, D‐dimers, and protein C were equivalent between PCT‐FFP and MB‐FFP for all three time points. PCT‐FFP exhibited shorter mean prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (two time points), and thrombin time and higher mean levels of fibrinogen, FXI, and protein S than MB‐FFP. Retention of FV, FVII, FVIII, FX, or von Willebrand factor:ristocetin cofactor in PCT‐FFP was either equivalent to or higher than MB‐FFP. MB‐FFP contained higher mean levels of plasminogen, antithrombin, and plasmin inhibitor than PCT‐FFP. Retention of F IX in MB‐FFP was higher than PCT‐FFP only after the 4°C storage after thawing.CONCLUSION: There is adequate preservation of therapeutic coagulation factor activities in both PCT‐FFP and MB‐FFP. The overall coagulation factor levels and stability of PCT‐FFP were better preserved than MB‐FFP.
Blood banking–induced alteration of red blood cell flow properties
Authors: Relevy Hanna , Koshkaryev Alexander , Manny Noga , Yedgar Saul , Barshtein Gregory 
Published: September 2007

BACKGROUND: Blood banking procedures are associated with damage to red blood cell (RBC) membranes, which can impair their flow properties, namely, their deformability, aggregability, and adherence to endothelial cells (ECs) and thus possibly introducing a circulatory risk to recipients. This study was undertaken to comprehensively explore the effect of cold storage and gamma irradiation on RBC flow properties.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBC flow properties were monitored as a function of shear stress with a computerized cell flow properties analyzer. Because we had previously studied storage effect on RBC aggregability (Transfusion 1999;39:277‐81), here we determined the storage effect on RBC adherence and deformability, by measuring them before (control) and during storage. Gamma irradiation effect on RBC aggregability, adherence, and deformability was determined before (control) and after irradiation.RESULTS: Cold storage significantly elevated the number of adherent RBCs and the strength of their interaction with ECs, and was marked by decreased RBC deformability as early as 2 weeks into the storage period. The elevation of RBC–EC interaction was well correlated with translocation of phosphatidylserine to the RBC surface. Gamma irradiation induced an immediate and marked increase in the number of rigid cells, but did not affect RBC adherence and aggregability.CONCLUSION: RBC flow properties appear to be especially sensitive to cold storage and gamma irradiation because they are impaired long before the expiration date. Because impaired RBC flow properties facilitate circulatory disorders, the potential circulatory risk of transfusion RBC with blood banking–impaired rheology should be considered.
DCS‐1, DCS‐2, and DFV share amino acid substitutions at the extracellular RhD protein vestibule
Authors: Flegel Willy A. , Von Zabern Inge , Doescher Andrea , Wagner Franz F. , Vytisková Jindra , Písačka Martin 
Published: September 2007

BACKGROUND: RhD and RhCE are structurally related to ammonium transporter proteins, yet their physiologic function remains unclear. Recent three‐dimensional homology modeling with Escherichia coli AmtB as a template defined a putative transmembraneous channel. Three RhD variants with amino acid substitutions located at the extracellular channel aperture are described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood samples were selected because of serologic abnormalities. RHD, RHCE, and LW nucleotide sequences were determined from genomic DNA. D epitope patterns were established with monoclonal anti‐D panels. Three‐dimensional Rh structures were calculated by alignment to AmtB.RESULTS: The RHD allele DCS‐1 was found to carry the two amino acid substitutions F223V (667T > G) and A226P (676G > C) caused by missense mutations in RHD exon 5. This study compared DCS‐1 with the D variants DFV (F223V) and DCS‐2 (A226P), harboring solely one or the other of the two substitutions. All three D variants were associated with a cDE haplotype. The antigen densities were approximately 3000 D antigens per red blood cell for DCS‐1, 800 for DCS‐2, and 9300 for DFV. DCS‐1 and DCS‐2 were partial D, because they lacked distinct epitopes. DFV presented as an almost normal D phenotype; the sample contained allo‐anti‐LWa. The Dw antigen was absent from DCS‐1, DFV, and DAU‐4, but expressed by DAU‐5.CONCLUSION: DCS‐1, DCS‐2, and DFV carry amino acid substitutions at the extracellular vestibule, visualized by 3‐dimensional modeling. Proline at position 226 greatly influenced the D antigen density and may reduce the RhD membrane integration. Although the F223V substitution is regarded as the initial event in the evolution of the weak D Type 4 cluster, the current DFV allele probably evolved independently, as evident from different RHCE haplotypes.
Influence of Meals on Variations of ST Segment Elevation in Patients with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: NISHIZAKI MITSUHIRO , SAKURADA HARUMIZU , MIZUSAWA YUKA , NIKI SAORI , HAYASHI TATSUYA , TANAKA YASUAKI , MAEDA SHINGO , FUJII HIROYUKI , ASHIKAGA TAKASHI , YAMAWAKE NORIYOSHI , ISOBE MITSUAKI , HIRAOKA MASAYASU 
Published: September 2007

Background: Glucose‐induced insulin secretion is one of the contributing factors to fluctuation of ST segment elevation in Brugada syndrome. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of meals on variations of ST elevation in Brugada syndrome. Methods: We assessed changes of ST segment elevation in lead V1‐3 on ECG before and after taking meals, at midnight, and at 3:00 a.m. in 20 patients with Brugada syndrome. Plasma glucose, insulin, and K+ concentrations were measured. Variations of ST elevation were defined as morphological changes and/or augmentation of ST segment level by >1.0 mm. Result: Variations of ST segment morphology or elevation level after meals were observed in 15 of 20 patients (75%). ST elevation was augmented most markedly after dinner (3.3 ± 1.7 mm) and decreased both at midnight (2.6 ± 1.3 mm: P < 0.01 vs after dinner) and at 3:00 a.m. (2.4 ± 1.2 mm: P < 0.01 vs after dinner). Morphologic changes and elevation levels of ST segment were associated with changes in glucose‐induced insulin levels after meals, being highest after dinner (47 ± 33 μU/mL) and decreasing significantly at midnight (7 ± 4 μU/mL) and at 3:00 a.m. (5 ± 2 μU/mL). There were no correlations between ST elevation and changes in serum K+ level or heart rate. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that variations of ST elevation are frequently associated with meals. Aggravation of ST elevation is most prominent in the evening to night after dinner rather than the period between midnight and early morning. This information may help to predict event times at high risk for life‐threatening arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome.
Mesenchymal stem cells and neovascularization: role of platelet‐derived growth factor receptors
Authors: Ball Stephen G. , Shuttleworth C. Adrian , Kielty Cay M. 
Published: September 2007

Introduction
The vascular endothelial growth factor/platelet‐derived growth factor super‐family of ligands and receptors
Role of platelet‐derived growth factor receptors in regulating the MSC fate
MSCs and the vasculature
Summary

AbstractThere is now accumulating evidence that bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make an important contribution to postnatal vasculogenesis, especially during tissue ischaemia and tumour vascularization. Identifying mechanisms which regulate the role of MSCs in vasculogenesis is a key therapeutic objective, since while increased neovascularization can be advantageous during tissue ischaemia, it is deleterious during tumourigenesis. The potent angiogenic stimulant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to regulate MSC mobilization and recruitment to sites of neovascularization, as well as directing the differentiation of MSCs to a vascular cell fate. Despite the fact that MSCs did not express VEGF receptors, we have recently identified that VEGF‐A can stimulate platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, which regulates MSC migration and proliferation. This review focuses on the role of PDGF receptors in regulating the vascular cell fate of MSCs, with emphasis on the function of the novel VEGF‐A/PDGF receptor signalling mechanism.
Intravitreal autologous bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cell transplantation: a feasibility report
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Witzens‐Harig Mathias , Arseniev Lubomir , Ho Anthony D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurpose:  To report on the feasibility and safety of an intravitreal injection of mononuclear cells derived from autologous bone marrow.Methods:  A 43‐year‐old patient with very advanced atrophy of the retina and optic nerve caused by diabetic retinopathy had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil endotamponade. Despite complete retinal attachment, vision was limited to defective light perception as a result of retinal capillary occlusion. As an ultima ratio, the patient underwent an intravitreal injection of autologous bone marrow‐derived stem cells obtained by isolating mononuclear cells from 100 ml of bone marrow.Results:  On postoperative day 1, a cluster of injected cells was observed on the retinal surface in the inferior fundus periphery. The anterior chamber was completely filled with silicone oil, which was released transcorneally. Subsequently, intraocular pressure remained normal and the anterior chamber was free of inflammatory cells or flare. Within 1 week of the injection, visual acuity remained at light perception. There were no signs of any side‐effects of the therapy, such as inflammation or infection.Conclusions:  Intravitreal autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation is technically feasible.