bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heck reactions in monoglyme and diglyme using BmimCl as pre‐ligand
Authors: da Silva Aline A. Bello , de Souza Andréa Luzia F. , Antunes O. A. C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHeck reactions between iodobenzene and methyl acrylate were carried out in monoglyme and diglyme as solvents, using different ligands and palladium sources, and good to high yields were obtained in the production of (E)‐substituted olefins. The ionic liquid BmimCl was successfully utilized as pre‐ligand to substitute triphenylphosphine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, electrochemical properties and fungicidal activity of 1,1′‐bis(aroyl)ferrocenes and their derivatives
Authors: Dou Yan‐Ye , Xie Yun‐Fu , Tang Liang‐Fu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractReaction of functionalized cyclopentadienyl sodium CH3O2CArC(O)CpNa (Ar = aryl and Cp = cyclopentadienyl) with FeCl2 in a 2:1 ratio gives 1,1′‐bis(aroyl)ferrocenes [CH3O2CArC(O)Cp]2Fe in reasonable yields. Upon treatment of these aroyl compounds with NaBH4, the ketone carbonyl is reduced to yield compounds [CH3O2CArCH(OH)Cp]2Fe, while with the stronger reductive reagent LiAlH4, diols [HOCH2ArCH(OH)Cp]2Fe are obtained. All new compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Their electrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The structure of [CH3O2CC10H6C(O)Cp]2Fe was further confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the fungicidal activities of these new compounds were also determined in vitro. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decolorization of reactive dyebath containing high exhaust and low salt dyes by nanofiltration and its reuse
Authors: Vishnu G. , Joseph Kurian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNanofiltration (NF) is a relatively new field in membrane technology, which has the potential to be the front‐runner in management of reactive dyeing effluents with respect to removal of color to enable reuse of salt. This paper discusses the performance of NF‐270‐2540 FILMTEC NF membrane for color removal and salt recovery from exhausted reactive dyebaths. Simulated dyebaths containing high exhaust (CI Red 120, CI Yellow 84 and CI Blue 4) and low salt (Cibacron Red LS6G, Yellow LSR, Blue LSG) reactive dyes were prepared for light, medium, and dark shades. The dye retention decreased at high salt concentrations of 60 and 90 g/L. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon removal efficiency was in the range of 80–90%. The permeate flux significantly decreased beyond a salt concentration of 40 g/L. The reusability studies on the recovered permeate showed that it could be reused for light, medium, and dark shades. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008
Differences in gene expression and benzo[a]pyrene‐induced DNA adduct formation in the liver of three strains of female mice with identical AhRb2 genotype treated with 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin and/or benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Wu Qing , Suzuki Junko S. , Zaha Hiroko , Lin Tien‐Min , Peterson Richard E. , Tohyama Chiharu , Ohsako Seiichiroh 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo search for genes whose products modify aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)‐dependent toxicity caused by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD), gene expression profiles in the liver were surveyed using microarrays 24 h after the administration of TCDD to three strains of female mice, BALB/cAnN (BALB), C3H/HeN (C3H) and CBA/JN (CBA) all of identical AhR genotype. The BALB/cAnN strain had a more marked induction of a number of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) sub‐families, particularly the GSTmu gene family, compared with the other two strains. To assess the effects of GSTs induction to metabolize carcinogens, TCDD (40 µg kg−1) was administered to BALB and CBA strains, followed 24 h later by an i.p. injection of low or high dose of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P, 50 or 200 mg kg−1). The 32P‐postlabelling analysis showed that administration of TCDD alone failed to induce DNA adduct formation in both BALB and CBA strain mouse livers. The low dose of B[a]P alone produced DNA adduct in the liver of both strains to a similar extent. Treatment with TCDD 24 h before the low dose of B[a]P suppressed the formation of B[a]P‐induced DNA‐adduct more markedly in the BALB strain compared with the CBA strain. Taken together, these findings show that TCDD treatment causes strain‐specific alterations in gene expression and B[a]P‐induced DNA adduct formation in the liver of female mice of the same AhRb2 genotype. Furthermore, it suggests that TCDD‐treated female mice of the BALB strain may have genes whose products modify the toxicity of B[a]P as evidenced by TCDD‐induced alterations in B[a]P‐DNA adduct formation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender and collective action: motivations, effectiveness and impact
Authors: Pandolfelli Lauren , Meinzen‐Dick Ruth , Dohrn Stephan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGender is often a key determinant of people's abilities to participate in collective action, yet there has been relatively little research on the links between gender and collective action. This article, and the ones that follow in this special issue, explore the intersection of these two fields. We present three entry points for a gendered analysis of collective action: motivations to engage in collective action; effectiveness of collective action (as defined by group objectives and the process by which the group works to meet those objectives); and impact of collective action on gender equity. We discuss each of these themes by highlighting key issues presented in the articles in this special issue. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstructing small perturbations of scatterers from electric or acoustic far‐field measurements
Authors: Lim Mikyoung , Louati Kaouthar , Zribi Habib 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of determining the boundary perturbations of an object from far‐field electric or acoustic measurements. Assuming that the unknown scatterer boundary is a small perturbation of a circle, we develop a linearized relationship between the far‐field data and the shape of the object. This relationship is used to find the Fourier coefficients of the perturbation of the shape. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Loading of Gelatin Nanoparticles
Authors: Kommareddy Sushma , Amiji Mansoor M. 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes the synthesis of nanoparticles using the biopolymer gelatin and its derivatives, the loading of DNA to the nanoparticles by encapsulation and adsorption, and the estimation of entrapment efficiency. The steps involved in the preparation of nanoparticles by desolvation using ethanol are presented, as are the precautions to be taken during the encapsulation or adsorption of the payload.
Two new genera of Eucoilidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)
Authors: QUINLAN J. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract Psichacra marshalli Cameron is redescribed and assigned to the new genus Pseudopsichacra. ‘New Genus B’ of Weld is redescribed as Bewelda gen.n. and striata sp.n. is designated as the type–species. An emendation of Weld's key is included to show the positions of both genera.
The immature stages of some Phlebotomine sandflies from Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: WARD RICHARD D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractImmature stages of Lutzomyia anduzei (Rozeboom), L.antunesi (Coutinho), L. flaviscutellata (Mangabeira), Psychodopygus davisi (Root), Ps.paraensis (Costa Lima) and Ps.lainsoni Fraiha & Ward are described from specimens reared in the laboratory. The Lutzomyia species are members of the intermedia group, though L. flaviscutellata larvae more closely resemble those of Psychodopygus species. The larvae of L.anduzei and L. antunesi are separable on minor setal differences and are similar to previously described members of the intermedia group. Ps. paraensis is distinguishable from the other two Psychodopygus species described, by the absence of prothoracic seta 2. Head seta 5 of Ps.davisi is about twice the length of that in Ps. paraensis and larvae of Ps.lainsoni are pale and characterized by colourless body setae 4 and 10. A key to the fourth instar larvae is given which includes all the known larvae of the intermedia group and of the genus Psychodopygus. Morphological differences in the Psychodopygus larvae do not appear to reflect the separation of the adults into series.
A morphometric comparison of three closely related species of Myrmica (Formicidae), including a new species from England
Authors: ELMES G. W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the course of a population study on Myrmica sabuleti Meinert a miniature queen was found in some colonies. This paper describes the form as a new parasitic species, Myrmica hirsuta sp.n., and shows how an analogous male was identified. Twelve measurements were then made on a sample of males and females of this new species and these were compared with M. sabuleti and Myrmica scabrinodis Nyl. using a multivariate discriminating technique. The status of the new species is discussed.
A new tribe, Epistomentini, of Buprestidae (Coleoptera) with a redefinition of the tribe Chrysochroini
Authors: LEVEY B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA new tribe Epistomentini is designated to include Epistomentis Solier, Cyria Solier (with which Cyrioides Carter and Xenocyria Obenberger are synonymized), Diadoxus Thomson, Cyrioxus Hoschek, and a new genus and species Araucariana queenslandica, which is described.The tribe Chrysochroini is redefined, and Epidelus Deyrolle, Cyalithus Thomson, Cyalithoides Fisher and Chrysopistus Thery are transferred to it from the Chalcophorini. Chalcophoropsis Thomson is transferred from the Chrysochroini to the Chalcophorini.A reassessment of the value of some characters used in the higher classification of the Buprestidae is given.
Identification of European Iassus species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) with one species new to Britain
Authors: WILSON MICHAEL R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe form of the female ovipositor and chaetotaxy of the fifth instar nymphs have been found to distinguish the two European Iassus species, lanio (L.) and scutellaris (Fieber). The latter species is recorded in Britain for the first time.
The enigmatic genus Heterogyna Nagy (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae; Heterogyninae)
Authors: DAY MICHAEL C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe genus Heterogyna Nagy, 1969, is based on a single male specimen unavailable for study since description. Its affinities have remained enigmatic. Reasons are given for considering males of four additional new species to be congeneric with Heterogyna. The species are described, figured and a key is presented. On the basis of these species, the genus is placed as a previously unrecognized subfamily of Sphecidae, Heterogyninae Nagy, 1969. Brachypterous females are associated with these males. An account is given of a novel modification of the sting apparatus, which may be used in conjunction with the last tergum as a grasping organ.
The species of the Enicospilus americanus complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in eastern North America
Authors: GAULD IAN D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Enicospilus americanus species‐complex is characterized and a key presented to the seven eastern North American species. Three species, E.americanus (Christ), E.glabratus (Say) and E.texanus (Ashmead) are redescribed, and four species are described as new. These are: E. lebophagus sp.n., a Mesoamerican species whose range just extends into southern Texas; E.cushmani sp.n., a widespread eastern North American species, E.aktites sp.n., a Mesoamerican coastal species whose range extends into the very southern tip of Florida; and E.peigleri sp.n., a northern Mexican/southern U.S. species. The cephalic capsules of the final instar larvae of five species are described, and notes on the biology of all species presented. The known hosts of the species are listed.ResumenSe caracteriza el complejo de especies Enicospilus americanus y se presenta una Have para las siete especies del este de Norte America. Se redescriben tres especies: E.americanus (Christ), E.glabratus (Say) y E.texanus (Ashmead) y cuatro se describen como nuevas: E.lebophagus, una especie mesoamericana cuya distribution apenas se extiende hasta el sur de Texas; E.cushmani, especie muy distribuida en el este norte‐americano; E.aktites, una especie mesoamericana cuya distribucion apenas se extiende hasta el sur de Florida; y E.peigleri, especies del norte de Mexico y sur de los Estados Unidos. Se describen las capsulas cefalicas del instar final de larva de cinco especies y se presentan algunas notas sobre la biologia de todas las especies, asi como tambien una lista con todos los huespedes conocidos de las especies.
Cytological and morphological differences within Palaearctic Glyphina (Homoptera: Aphididae), and their taxonomic significance
Authors: BLACKMAN R.L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractKaryotype variation within the genus Glyphina in Europe is described and correlated with morphological differences. G.pseudoschrankiana sp.nov., on Betula pubescens in Europe and Japan, is separated form G.schrankiana Börner, on Alnus spp. in northern and central Europe, on the basis of differences in karyotype and morphology. G.jacutensis Mordvilko is synonymized with G.schrankiana. A key is provided to palaearctic members of the genus.
Review of the Australian kelp flies Diptera: Coelopidae
Authors: Mcalpine David K. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The morphology of the Coelopidae is considered, particularly in relation to taxonomic characters, terminology, and sexual di morphism. Taxonomic relationships and family limits are discussed; the Coelopidae appear to be most closely related to the families Helcomyzidae and Dryomyzidae of the superfamily Sciomyzoidea. The following genera are excluded from the Coelopidae: Listriomastax and Apetaenus (Tethinidae), Orygma (Sepsidae), Heterocheila (or Oedoparea, position doubtful). The position of the genera Malacomyia, Baeopterus and Icaridion in the Coelopidae is confirmed. The Coe lopidae are divided into two subfamilies, Lopinae subfam.n. and Coe‐lopinae. The Coelopinae include four tribes: Glumini trib.n., Coelopini, Coelopellini trib.n., Ammini trib.n. The following genera and species are described as new: Lopa, Gluma, Rhis, This, Amma, Lopa convexa, Gluma keyzeri, G.nitida, G.musgravei, Rhis whitleyi, This canus, Coe‐lopella popeae, Amma blancheae. The subgenera Fucomyia and Neo‐coelopa of the genus Coelopa are rejected as invalid. Chaetocoelopa huttoni Harrison (1959) is a new synonym of Chaetocoelopa littoralis (Hutton, 1881). Coelopa palauensis Hardy (1957) is a new synonym of C.alluaudi Seguy (1941), which is recorded from Australia for the first time. Coelopa africana Malloch (1933a) is a new synonym of C.ursina (Wiedemann, 1824) from southern Africa. Keys are provided to supra‐generic groupings of Coelopidae, to the Australasian genera, and to the species of Chaetocoelopa, Coelopella, Gluma and Icaridion.Information on the biology and ecology of Coelopidae is summarized, and additional data on Australian species are recorded. Coelopids are among the most significant organisms recycling stranded kelp, because of their often enormous biomass. Their activities can be detrimental to sea‐side recreation. Parasitism by Stigmatomyces sp. (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) is recorded for several coelopid species. The distribution patterns of coelopid taxa are discussed.
Paraphyly of Homoptera and Auchenorrhyncha inferred from 18S rDNA nucleotide sequences
Authors: CAMPBELL BRUCE C. , STEFFEN‐CAMPBELL JODY D. , SORENSEN JOHN T. , GILL RAYMOND J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEvolutionary affiliations of eighteen families of Hemiptera (s.l.) are inferred using molecular phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide (nt) sequences of 18S rDNAs. Exemplar taxa include: Archaeorrhyncha (=Fulgoromorpha): flatid, issid, dictyopharid, cixiid and delphacid; Prosorrhyncha (=Heteropterodea): Peloridiomorpha (=Coleorhyncha) ‐peloridiid, Heteroptera gerrid, lygaeid and mirid; Clypeorrhyncha [=extant (monophyletic) cicadomorphs]: cicadid, cercopoids (cercopid, aphrophorid), membracid and cicadellids (deltocephaline and cicadelline); and Sternorrhyncha: psyllid, aleyrodid, diaspidid and aphid. Analysed sequences encompass a region beginning ≅550 nucleotides (nts) from the 5'‐end to ≅200 nts upstream from the 3'‐end of the gene [≅1150 base pairs (bp) in euhemipteran to >1400 bp in sternorrhynchan taxa]. Maximum parsimony and bootstrap analyses (PAUP) identify four principal hemipteran clades, Stenorrhyncha, Clypeorrhyncha, Archaeorrhyncha and Prosorrhyncha. These lineages are identified by synapomorphies distributed throughout the gene. Sternorrhyncha is a sister group to all other Hemiptera (i.e. Euhemiptera sensu Zrzavy), rendering Homoptera paraphyletic. Within Euhemiptera, clades Clypeorrhyncha, Archaeorrhyncha, Prosorrhyncha and Heteroptera are supported by one, three, two and three synapomorphic sites, respectively. There is equitable parsimonious inference for Archaeorrhyncha as the sister group to Prosorrhyncha (Neoherriiptera sensu Sorensen et al.) or Clypeorrhyncha, in either case rendering Auchenorrhyncha paraphyletic. Neohemiptera is supported by one synapomorphy. Within Clypeorrhyncha, clade cicada + cercopoids is the sister group of the clade cicadellids + membracid (Membracoidea sensu Dietrich & Deitz). Among archaeorrhynchans, clade delphacid + cixiid is the sister group of the clade dictyopharid + flatid + issid. Within Prosorrhyncha, the peloridiid is sister to the Heteroptera. Within Heteroptera, gerrid is the sister group of the clade mirid + lygaeid (Panheteroptera sensu Schuh). Based on secondary structure of synonymous 18S rRNA, two synapomorphies each of Sternorrhyncha, Prosorrhyncha and Heteroptera are compensatory substitutions on stem substructures. All other synapomorphies identifying major lineages of Hemiptera are noncompensatory substitutions on either bulges or stems. Short basal internodal distances suggest radiation of hemipteran lineages at the suborder level occurred rapidly. Morphological, palaeoentomological and eco‐evolutionary factors supporting the 18S rDNA‐based phylogenetic tree are discussed.
Conochironomus Freeman: an Afro‐Australian Chironomini genus revised (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: CRANSTON PETER S. , HARE LANDIS 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe chironomid genus Conochironomus is revised, with diagnoses provided for both sexes of adults and, for the first time, the immature stages. The Afrotropical genotype C.acutistilus Freeman and the newly described Australian species C.australiensis (for misidentified acutistilus in Australia), C.cygnus and C.kakadu are described in all stages. C.avicula Freeman is redescribed from the male, and C.deemingi is described as new from the male alone, both from the Afrotropical Region. The Australian species C.cervus is described as new, based on the pupa alone. Comments are made on the ecology and distribution. A previously little‐recognized ‘tropical’ Gondwanan biogeographic explanation for Conochironomus distribution is postulated.
THE EFFECT OF RED AND FAR RED LIGHT ON CAROTENOID AND CHLOROPHYLL FORMATION IN PEA SEEDLINGS
Authors: Henshall J.D. , Goodwin T.W. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Treatment of etiolated pea seedlings with a short exposure to red light caused a stimulation of growth (size and dry wt production) and carotenoid synthesis during the following 48 hr compared with seedlings kept entirely in darkness.The effect is nullified by a following dose of far red light and thus the phenomenon is probably phytochrome‐controlled.Similar treatment with red light one hour before continuous illumination with white light tended to reduce the lag period for chlorophyll synthesis.Again a following dose of far red light reversed this response.
STUDIES ON FLAVINS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS—II*. PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF RIBOFLAVIN IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN
Authors: Koaiol Jacek 
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The photodegradation of riboflavin by 436 mμ monochromatic light and of lumichrome by white nonfiltered light was studied in a set of organic solvents including ethanol, acetone, dioxane, pyridine and acetic acid. For comparison, water was used as a solvent. Photolysis was carried out in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.Riboflavin and lumichrome were found to be effectively stabilized towards the action of light by hydrogen bonds with solvent molecules, and consequently are most light‐stable in water solutions. The overall scheme of riboflavin photolysis in organic solvents seems to be the same as in aqueous solutions. Lumichrome has been found as the main product of riboflavin photolysis in the organic solvents tested.
CINETIQUE DES ECHANGES D'OXYGENE ET DE LA FLUORESCENCE DES CHLOROPLASTES ISOLES
Authors: Joliot. Yaroslav de Kouchkovsky et Pierre 
Published: January 2008

Abstract Oxygen evolution and fluorescence have been studied with isolated chloroplasts illuminated, in the absence of Hill reagents, by flashes or continuous light. As in whole cells, at least two substances are involved in the primary process leading to the oxygen evolution. The first, called E, probably is the photochemical “complex” of System II. After a long period of darkness, E is not active. It is activated in two steps. Step one is a photochemical reaction, induced by a quantum of light absorbed by pigment‐system II, which results in the production of E in a reduced state. Step two is a dark oxidation of the reduced E by the second substance, A. The oxidized E can then enter the normal photochemical cycle of system II. Reduced E might alternatively be oxidized by oxygen, this reaction being responsible for a very rapid and brief light‐induced oxygen uptake. Substance A is measured by the oxygen burst and is present in the chloroplasts at the approximate ratio of 1 molecule for 70 molecules of total chlorophyll while E is at the ratio of about 1/2800. This gives a E over A value of 1/35 which is much smaller than the one found in whoe cells (ca. 1/10). This independent behavior of E and A suggests that chloroplast extraction destroys some photochemical centers without having a direct impact on A, which might diffuse from one center to another. Besides the brief light‐induced oxygen uptake above mentioned, there is another one which is related to System I functioning.The kinetics of the oxygen evolution and of the fluorescence have been compared. During the activation process of the oxygen evolving ability, rate of oxygen evolution and fluorescence yield increase in a parallel way. After the maximum velocity of the oxygen burst is reached (i.e. after activation), the fluorescence yield keeps growing up until the steady‐state is attained (with an intermediary plateau), whereas the rate of oxygen emission slows down. The time‐course curves of fluorescence obtained with inactivated or activated chloroplasts are essentially different in that the initial yield is higher in the latter case.