bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Misidentification in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Quantification of Risk
Authors: Gray James E. , Suresh Gautham , Ursprung Robert , Edwards William H. , Nickerson Julianne , Shiono Pat H. , Plsek Paul , Goldmann Donald A. , Horbar Jeffrey 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVE. To quantify the potential for misidentification among NICU patients resulting from similarities in patient names or hospital medical record numbers (MRNs).
METHODS. A listing of all patients who received care in 1 NICU during 1 calendar year was obtained from the unit's electronic medical record system. A patient day was considered at risk for misidentification when the index patient shared a surname, similar-sounding surname, or similar MRN with another patient who was cared for in the NICU on that day.
RESULTS. During the 1-year study period, 12186 days of patient care were provided to 1260 patients. The unit's average daily census was 33.4; the maximum census was 48. Not a single day was free of risk for patient misidentification. The mean number of patients who were at risk on any given day was 17 (range: 5–35), representing just over 50% of the average daily census. During the entire calendar year, the risk ranged from 20.6% to a high of 72.9% of the average daily census. The most common causes of misidentification risk were similar-appearing MRNs (44% of patient days). Identical surnames were present in 34% of patient days, and similar-sounding names were present in 9.7% of days. Twins and triplets contributed one third of patient days in the NICU. After these multiple births were excluded from analysis, 26.3% of patient days remained at risk for misidentification. Among singletons, the contribution to misidentification risk of similar-sounding surnames was relatively unchanged (9.1% of patient days), whereas that of similar MRNs and identical surnames decreased (17.6% and 1.0%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS. NICU patients are frequently at risk for misidentification errors as a result of similarities in standard identifiers. This risk persists even after exclusion of multiple births and is substantially higher than has been reported in other hospitalized populations.
Intermittent Hydronephrosis Secondary to Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Clinical and Imaging Features
Authors: Tsai Jeng-Daw , Huang Fu-Yuan , Lin Chun-Chen , Tsai Tsuen-Chiuan , Lee Hung-Chang , Sheu Jin-Cherng , Chang Pei-Yeh 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVE. We sought to assess the clinical and imaging findings in intermittent hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction, with particular emphasis on the characteristic ultrasonographic findings.METHODS. This prospective, longitudinal, observational study included all children who had intermittent ureteropelvic junction obstruction and presented with abdominal pain over 6 years. Renal ultrasound was used as an initial screening tool to detect intermittent hydronephrosis. Renal ultrasonography was repeated every 1 to 2 days to record serial changes from the symptomatic to the asymptomatic stage. Their clinical manifestations and imaging findings were studied.RESULTS. Eighteen patients (14 boys, 4 girls) were studied. Most had sharp pain that began acutely and typically lasted for &lt;2 days. Most of the children (16 of 18) had nausea and vomiting that accompanied the pain. The acute episode generally resolved spontaneously and was followed by a pain-free interval that ranged from days to months. Factors that predisposed to an attack included increased water intake, vigorous exercise, or bladder distention. All patients had clearly demonstrable obstruction of the renal pelvis during an acute attack, a finding that diminished or resolved during the symptom-free intervals. During convalescence, all patients had renal pelvic wall thickening on ultrasonography. This finding appeared on the second or third day after a painful episode subsided, persisted for 6 to 9 days, and then disappeared in the symptom-free stage. Pyeloplasty was performed in 17 patients, none of whom had recurrent pain on follow-up. Extrinsic obstructions were found in 9 patients.CONCLUSIONS. The keys to diagnosis are awareness of the syndrome, a detailed history, and immediate and serial imaging studies during painful crises. A thickened renal pelvic wall during convalescence is an important ultrasonic sign of intermittent hydronephrosis.
Parathyroid Hormone Induces Mitogen‐Activated Kinase Phosphatase 1 in Murine Osteoblasts Primarily Through cAMP‐Protein Kinase A Signaling
Authors: Aghaloo Tara L. , Pirih Flavia Q. , Shi Andrew , Bezouglaia Olga , Tetradis Sotirios 
Published: January 2006

Background: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates osteoblast function by binding to the PTH receptor 1 (PTHR1) to activate downstream signaling to induce expression of primary response genes (PRGs), which affect various aspects of the osteoblast phenotype. We previously identified PTH‐induced PRGs in MC3T3‐E1 cells, including mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 (mkp1), which dephosphorylates members of the MAPK family. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms of PTH's induction of mkp1 in primary mouse osteoblasts.Methods: Northern and Western analyses were used to determine mkp1 mRNA and protein expression. In vivo experiments were also performed to determine PTH's effect on mkp1 in mouse calvariae and long bones.Results: A total of 10 nM PTH and PTH‐related protein (PTHrP) maximally induced mkp1 mRNA levels after 1 hour in osteoblasts. PTH also increased mkp1 protein expression, and induced mkp1 mRNA independent of new protein synthesis. PTHR1 triggers protein kinase A (PKA), PKC, and calcium pathways. Although PKA and PKC agonists induced mkp1 mRNA levels, only cyclic adenosine 3′:5′‐monophosphate (cAMP)‐PKA inhibition blocked PTH‐induced mkp1 mRNA levels. These data suggest that PTH‐induced mkp1 mRNA levels are primarily mediated through the cAMP‐PKA pathway. Further, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which activates cAMP‐PKA and PKC, induced mkp1 mRNA to a greater extent than PGF2α and fluprostenol, which activate PKC signaling only. Finally, PTH maximally induced mkp1 mRNA levels in mouse calvariae and long bones in vivo at 0.5 hours.Conclusions: mkp1's in vitro and in vivo induction in PTH‐target tissues suggests its involvement in some of the effects of PTH on osteoblast function. mkp1 may be an important target gene in the anabolic effect of PTH on osteoblasts.
Coronally Positioned Flap for Root Coverage: Poorer Outcomes in Smokers
Authors: Silva Cléverson Oliveira , Sallum Antônio Wilson , de Lima Antônio Fernando Martorelli , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: January 2006

Background: Gingival recession is significantly more common among smokers, while the relative outcome of various root coverage procedures in smokers, compared to non‐smokers, is debatable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on the outcome of coronally positioned flap (CPF) in the treatment of Miller Class I gingival recession defects.Methods: Ten current smokers (≥10 cigarettes daily for at least 5 years) and 10 non‐smokers (never smokers), each with one 2‐ to 3‐mm Miller Class I recession defect in an upper canine or bicuspid, were treated with CPF. At baseline and 6 months, clinical parameters, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession depth (RD), and apico‐coronal width of keratinized tissue (KT) were determined.Results: Intragroup analysis showed that CPF was able to reduce RD and improve CAL in both groups (P <0.05). Intergroup analysis demonstrated that smokers presented greater residual RD at 6 months and lower percentage of root coverage (69.3% versus 91.3%; P <0.05). No smokers obtained complete root coverage compared to 50% of non‐smokers (P <0.05).Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that CPF provides benefits for both smokers and non‐smokers in terms of root coverage of shallow Miller Class I recession defects. However, cigarette smoking negatively impacts the clinical outcomes, specifically residual recession, percent root coverage, and frequency of complete root coverage.
Prediction of the Removal Efficiency of a Novel Two‐Stage Hybrid Scrubber for Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Bandyopadhyaya A. , Biswasa M. N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEmission of SO2 from various industrial sources occurs in varying concentrations and quantities. The operation of scrubbers as SO2 control devices is getting more and more attention as pollution control regulations are tightened. Experimental investigations on the scrubbing of SO2 in a novel two‐stage hybrid (spray‐cum‐bubble column) scrubber using water and dilute sodium alkali are reported. Empirical and semi‐empirical correlations are developed for the prediction of the performances of the bubble and the spray sections in terms of various pertinent variables of the system for water and alkaline scrubbing, respectively. The contribution of the mass transfer enhancement factor towards the removal of SO2 has been exploited while developing the semi‐empirical correlation for the prediction of performance in alkaline scrubbing. The predicted values are in excellent agreement with the experimental values. Finally, the operating features of the scrubber and design aspects are discussed in order to develop our understanding for practical applications.
Geochemical character and tectonic environment of ultramafic to mafic cumulate rocks from the Tekirova (Antalya) ophiolite (southern Turkey)
Authors: Bağci Utku , Parlak Osman , Höck Volker 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Upper Cretaceous Tekirova (Antalya) ophiolite derived from the southern branch of the Neotethys is located at the southwestern part of the Antalya Complex along the Tauride belt in southern Turkey. It comprises harzburgitic tectonites, ultramafic to mafic cumulates, isotropic gabbro, sheeted dykes, volcanics and associated sedimentary rocks. The cumulate rocks are located mainly along the Çiralı–Tekirova section to the south and at Doyran to the north. Several isolated blocks of cumulate rocks are also observed in the north–south‐trending Gödene zone of the Antalya Complex. The ultramafic and mafic cumulate rocks are represented by wehrlite, lherzolite, olivine clinopyroxenite, olivine gabbronorite, olivine gabbro, gabbronorite and gabbro. The order of crystallization in the cumulates is olivine (Fo88–76) ± chromian spinel → clinopyroxene (Mg#92–76) → orthopyroxene (Mg#86–70) → plagioclase (An97–84). The major and trace element geochemistry of the plutonic rocks suggests that the primary magma generating the Tekirova (Antalya) ophiolite is compositionally similar to those observed in modern island arc tholeiitic sequences. The presence of highly magnesian clino‐ and orthopyroxenes along with the absence of plagioclase in the ultramafic cumulates suggest their formation as a result of high‐pressure crystal fractionation (c. 10 kbar). In contrast, the mafic cumulates in the upper crustal level show evidence of a lower‐pressure (2–2.5 kbar) environment within the same tectonic setting. Therefore, it is suggested that the cumulate ultramafic rocks were probably precipitated as a result of in situ crystallization processes along the walls of a conduit system extending downward from a crustal level magma chamber to mantle depths of approximately 30 km. After their formation, the ultramafic cumulates were transported to a shallow‐level magma chamber where the remainder of the plutonic section (mafic cumulates) was formed at a lower pressure environment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and simulations of a bacterial outer membrane protein: OprF from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Khalid Syma , Bond Peter J. , Deol Sundeep S. , Sansom Mark S. P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOprF is a major outer membrane protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a homolog of OmpA from Escherichia coli. The N‐terminal domains of both proteins have been demonstrated to form low conductance channels in lipid bilayers. Homology models, consisting of an eight‐stranded β‐barrel, of the N‐terminal domain OprF have been constructed based on the crystal structure of the corresponding domain from E. coli OmpA. OprF homology models have been evaluated via a set (6 × 10 ns) of simulations of the β‐barrel embedded within a solvated dimyristoyl‐phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer. The conformational stability of the models is similar to that of the crystal structure of OmpA in comparable simulations. There is a degree of water penetration into the pore‐like center of the OprF barrel. The presence of an acidic/basic (E8/K121) side‐chain interaction within the OprF barrel may form a “gate” able to close/open a central pore. Lipid–protein interactions within the simulations were analyzed and revealed that aromatic side‐chains (Trp, Tyr) of OprF interact with lipid headgroups. Overall, the behavior of the OprF model in simulations supports the suggestion that this molecule is comparable to OmpA. The simulations help to explain the mechanism of formation of low conductance pores within the outer membrane. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermodynamic origin of order parameters in mean‐field models of spin glasses
Authors: Janiš V. , Zdeborová L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe analyze the thermodynamic behavior of general n ‐component mean‐field spin glass models in order to identify the origin of the hierarchical structure of the order parameters from the replica‐symmetry breaking solution. We derive a configurationally dependent free energy with local magnetizations and averaged local susceptibilities as order parameters. Using an example of the replicated Ising spin glass we demonstrate that the hierarchy of order parameters in mean‐field models results from the structure of inter‐replica susceptibilities. These susceptibilities serve for lifting the degeneracy due to the existence of many metastable states and for recovering the thermodynamic homogeneity of the free energy. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Debye temperature of the Pb layers on Ni(111)
Authors: Krupski A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractLow‐energy electron diffraction (LEED) was used to investigate the surface Debye temperature (Θ D) for p(1 × 1)‐Ni(111), and p(3 × 3)‐ and p(4 × 4)‐Pb/Ni(111) adlayers. For the (0, 0) beam of the clean Ni(111) and for the (1/3, 1/3) and (0, 1/4) beams of the Pb/Ni(111) the dependence of diffraction spot intensity on the sample temperature was measured and the Debye temperature was determined to 370 ± 5 K, 164 ± 9 K and 180 ± 5 K, respectively. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enantiospecific separation and quantitation of mephenytoin and its metabolites nirvanol and 4′‐hydroxymephenytoin in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Jansson Britt , Elsherbiny Doaa , Simonsson Ulrika S. H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA sensitive method using enantiospecific liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry detection for the quantitation of S‐ and R‐mephenytoin as well as its metabolites S‐ and R‐nirvanol and S‐ and R‐4′‐hydroxymephenytoin in plasma and urine has been developed and validated. Plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, while urine samples were diluted twice with the mobile phase before injection. The analytes were then separated on a chiral α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) column and thereafter detected, using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In plasma, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL for S‐ and R‐4′‐hydroxymephenytoin and S‐nirvanol and 3 ng/mL for R‐nirvanol and S‐ and R‐mephenytoin. In urine, the LLOQ was 3 ng/mL for all compounds. Resulting plasma and urine intra‐day precision values (CV) were <12.4% and <6.4%, respectively, while plasma and urine accuracy values were 87.2–108.3% and 98.9–104.8% of the nominal values, respectively. The method was validated for plasma in the concentration ranges 1–500 ng/mL for S‐ and R‐4′‐hydroxymephenytoin, 1–1000 ng/mL for S‐nirvanol, and 3–1500 ng/mL for R‐nirvanol and S‐ and R‐mephenytoin. The validated concentration range in urine was 3–5000 ng/mL for all compounds. By using this method, the metabolic activities of two human drug‐metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 and CYP2B6, were simultaneously characterized. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of confounding through secondary samples
Authors: Yin Li , Sundberg Rolf , Wang Xiaoqin , Rubin Donald B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe control of confounding is essential in many statistical problems, especially in those that attempt to estimate exposure effects. In some cases, in addition to the ‘primary’ sample, there is another ‘secondary’ sample which, though having no direct information about the exposure effect, contains information about the confounding factors. The purpose of this article is to study the influence of the secondary sample on likelihood inference for the exposure effect. In particular, we investigate the interplay between the efficiency improvement and the possible bias introduced by the secondary sample as a function of the degree of confounding in the primary sample and the sizes of the primary and secondary samples. In the case of weak confounding, the secondary sample can only little improve estimation of the exposure effect, whereas with strong confounding the secondary sample can be much more useful. On the other hand, it will be more important to consider possible biasing effects in the latter case. For illustration, we use a formal example of a generalized linear model and a real example with sparse data from a case–control study of the association between gastric cancer and HM‐CAP/Band 120. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in purinergic signaling after cerebral injury – involvement of glutamatergic mechanisms?
Authors: Franke Heike , Grummich Benjamin , Härtig Wolfgang , Grosche Jens , Regenthal Ralf , Edwards Robert H. , Illes Peter , Krügel Ute 
Published: January 2006

AbstractExtracellular purines act as neuromodulators on transmitter release and may exert toxic effects at higher concentrations. In microdialysis studies, endogenous ATP facilitated the extracellular concentration of glutamate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats. Additionally, P2 receptors are involved in astrogliosis in vivo after a stab wound injury in the same region, suggesting that these receptors, preferentially the metabotropic P2Y1receptor subtype, mediate also trophic responses. Two sets of experimental findings support the involvement of purinergic and glutamatergic mechanisms in the response of brain to mechanical damage. First, in the present studies, the initial time course of extracellular ATP and glutamate was analyzed after a mechanical injury. The concentration of ATP in microdialysates was elevated only in the first 15‐min sample whereas glutamate returned to a basal concentration not before a 90‐min period had elapsed. We suggest, that the acute injury‐evoked stimulation of P2 receptors contributes to glutamate‐mediated excitotoxicity. Second, the expression of P2Y1receptors and their possible relation to glutamatergic structures, identified by neuronal vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs), were elucidated in non‐treated and mechanically injured animals after 4 days. The number of P2Y1‐positive cells was significantly increased after injury. Furthermore, P2Y1receptor‐labeled cells do not exhibit immunoreactivity for VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 without and after injury. However, after injury, a co‐expression of the P2Y1receptor on VGLUT3‐immunopositive cells in the NAc was observed. No VGLUT1‐, 2‐ and 3‐immunoreactivity was found on P2Y1‐positive glial fibrillary acidic protein‐immunopositive astrocytes at both conditions.Our data suggest that the expression of P2Y1receptors at neurons and astrocytes is modulated in response to cerebral injury. It can be assumed, that the enhanced sensitivity of neurons to purinergic signaling may be related directly or indirectly to changes of the glutamatergic transmission.
The Radiologic Diagnosis of Endolymphatic Sac Tumors
Authors: Patel Nirmal P. , Wiggins Richard H. , Shelton Clough 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective: To identify and classify radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of endolymphatic sac tumors.Study Design: Retrospective case review. Tertiary referral center.Methods: 31 adult patients (32 tumors) with imaging (computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and/or angiography) and histopathologic diagnoses of lesions that involved the posterior temporal bone from July 1995 to August 2004 were included in the study. Interventions were diagnostic. Main outcome measures were CT, MRI (T1, T1 with gadolinium enhancement and T2‐weighted), and angiographic features of seven patients (eight temporal bones) with endolymphatic sac tumors were examined and compared to the radiologic findings of the 24 historical control patients with various lesions involving the posterior temporal bone.Results: CT findings of endolymphatic sac tumors revealed lesions centered over the endolymphatic sac, retrolabyrinthine, and presigmoid regions of the temporal bone. Central calcific spiculation and posterior rim calcification was present in all lesions (100%) on CT examination. T1‐weighted MRI scans showed hyperintense foci in seven of eight lesions (88%). T1‐weighted post‐gadolinium scans showed heterogeneous enhancement in all cases (100%). T2‐weighted images showed heterogeneous signals in all lesions (100%). Angiography (traditional or magnetic resonance angiography [MRA]) identified exclusive external carotid supply for lesions less than 3 cm. Tumors greater than 3 cm were supplied by external carotid, internal carotid, and posterior fossa circulation arteries.Conclusions: Reliable radiologic criteria to preoperatively identify endolymphatic sac tumors exist. Preoperative diagnosis of posterior temporal bone lesions enables appropriate surgical planning and treatment of the pathology.