bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of the polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid/cationic liposome on the progression of murine B16F10 melanoma
Authors: Fujimura Taku , Nakagawa Satoshi , Ohtani Tomoyuki , Ito Yumiko , Aiba Setsuya 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCellular proteins, retinoic acid inducible gene‐I and Toll‐like receptor 3, sense dsRNA including polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (PIC) to stimulate innate immune response. The local administration of PIC has been demonstrated to be effective in anti‐tumor immunotherapy. However, the effects of PIC delivered cross the cell membrane have not yet been examined. To address this issue, we used a complex of PIC and cationic liposome (PIC liposome) and examined its anti‐tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. PIC liposome could directly suppress the growth of B16F10 melanoma in vitro and repeated peritumoral injections of PIC liposome inhibited melanoma growth in a dose‐dependent manner. This treatment induced tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 (TRP‐2)‐tetramer+ CD8+ cells in the lymph nodes. As the mechanism for its anti‐tumor immune response, we showed that the intradermal injection of PIC liposome induced the maturation of dendritic cells (DC). Moreover, the intratumoral injection of immature DC after treatment with PIC liposome significantly increased the number of TRP‐2‐specific IFN‐γ‐producing cells in the lymph nodes as well as spleen, which resulted in an augmentation of the anti‐tumor immune response. These studies demonstrate the potential of peritumoral injection of PIC liposome as immunotherapy for malignant melanoma.
Alteration of epitope recognition pattern in Ag85B and ESAT‐6 has a profound influence on vaccine‐induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Bennekov Thomas , Dietrich Jes , Rosenkrands Ida , Stryhn Anette , Doherty T. Mark , Andersen Peter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo analyze the effect of vaccine delivery systems on antigen recognition and vaccine efficacy, we compared immune responses in mice immunized either with an adenovirus vector expressing a fusion of Ag85B and ESAT‐6 or with the recombinant fusion protein in a liposomal adjuvant. Both vaccines induced high levels of antigen‐specific IFN‐γ production. The adjuvanted protein vaccine induced primarily a CD4 T cell response directed to the epitope Ag85B241–255 and gave efficient protection against subsequent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In contrast, the adenoviral construct induced a strong CD8 response predominantly targeted to the epitope ESAT‐615–29 and no significant protection against infection. Vaccination with the protein vaccine resulted in highly accelerated recall of Ag85B241–255‐specific T cells immediately post M. tuberculosis challenge whereas the ESAT‐615–29 epitope was barely recognized during infection. Delivery of the viral construct in cationic liposomes switched the immune response to a protective one dominated by CD4 T cells targeted to the Ag85B241–255 epitope. These data demonstrate that the nature of the T cell response to a vaccine antigen is more important than its magnitude with respect to protective efficacy and that vaccine‐mediated changes in immunodominance can result in T cell responses of limited relevance during the natural infection.
Regulation of 2B4 (CD244)‐mediated NK cell activation by ligand‐induced receptor modulation
Authors: Sandusky Mina M. , Messmer Birgitta , Watzl Carsten 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cell activity can be stimulated by different surface receptors. 2B4 is a member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)‐related receptor family and is important for stimulating human NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Here we show that stimulation of human NK cells by antibody‐mediated 2B4 cross‐linking or incubation with target cells expressing the 2B4 ligand CD48 results in a strong down‐modulation of 2B4 surface expression. This down‐modulation is observed in NK cell lines, purified human NK cells and NK cell clones, and is accompanied by an internalization of 2B4. The modulation of 2B4 is dependent on the activity of Src‐family kinases, but independent of PI3 K activity or actin polymerization. Inhibitory receptors can interfere with 2B4‐mediated signals and NK cell activation. However, co‐engagement of inhibitory killer cell Ig‐like receptors has no influence on the down‐modulation of 2B4. This suggests that the modulation of 2B4 expression is independent of inhibitory receptors. The lower surface expression of 2B4 after ligand‐induced down‐modulation results in reduced 2B4‐mediated NK cell activation and cytotoxicity. The modulation of activating surface receptors may therefore be another mechanism for the fine‐tuning of NK cell activity and may lead to the adaptation of NK cell cytotoxicity in tissues with high ligand expression.
NF‐κB binds to the immunoglobulin Sγ3 region in vivo during class switch recombination
Authors: Wang Lili , Wuerffel Robert , Kenter Amy L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIg class switch recombination (CSR) is dependent upon the expression of activation‐induced deaminase and targeted to specific isotypes by germ‐line transcript expression and isotype‐specific factors. NF‐κB plays critical roles in multiple aspects of B cell biology and has been implicated in the mechanism of CSR by in vitro binding assays and altered S/S junctions derived from NF‐κB p50‐deficient mice. However, the pleiotropic contributions of NF‐κB to gene expression in B cells has made discerning a direct role for NF‐κB in CSR difficult. We now observe that binding of NF‐κB components p50 and p65 is detected on Sγ3 in vivo following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation and repressed by LPS + IL–4, suggesting a direct role for this factor in CSR. In vivo footprinting confirms occupancy of a previously defined NF‐κB recognition site in Sγ3 with the same temporal kinetics as found in the chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Binding of NF‐κB components p50 and p65 was also detected on Sγ1 following B cell activation. H3 histone hyper acetylation at Sγ1 is strongly correlated with NF‐κB binding, suggesting that NF‐κB mediates chromatin remodeling in the Sγ3 and Sγ1 region.
Temporal cross‐talk between TCR and STAT signals for CD8 T cell effector differentiation
Authors: Verdeil Grégory , Chaix Julie , Schmitt‐Verhulst Anne‐Marie , Auphan‐Anezin Nathalie 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe strength and duration of signaling through surface receptors is a primary means of controlling cell fate decisions. In adaptive immunity, Ag‐initiated T cell stimulation is secondarily regulated by cytokines. We here summarize evidence for temporal control of a gene expression program in naive CD8 T cells. It is initiated in response to TCR engagement but relies on secondary signaling from cytokine receptors to be sustained and to allow development of full effector capacity. This mechanism permits cytokine receptor signaling to rescue abortive TCR signaling, such as that induced in response to weak or partial TCR agonists. Indeed, limiting TCR‐initiated signaling on the Ras/ERK pathway may be complemented by STAT activation. Thus, TCR‐ and cytokine‐driven activation of transcription factors and epigenetic modifications may act in concert in a temporally staggered process to establish the functional program of effector CD8 T cells. Based on gene expression profiling, molecular targets whose activation or inactivation may boost or dampen CD8 T cell effectors are also identified. Manipulation of these targets may, respectively, increase anti‐tumor responses or prevent graft‐versus‐host reactions.
Nucleic acid agonists for Toll‐like receptor 7 are defined by the presence of uridine ribonucleotides
Authors: Diebold Sandra S. , Massacrier Catherine , Akira Shizuo , Paturel Carine , Morel Yannis , Reis e Sousa Caetano 
Published: November 2006

AbstractToll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) mediates innate responses by responding to viral RNA in endocytic compartments. However, the molecular pattern recognised by TLR7 and whether it differs between RNA of viral and self origin remains unclear. Here, we identify nucleic acids that act as TLR7 agonists for mouse and human cells. We show that uridine and ribose, the two defining features of RNA, are both necessary and sufficient for TLR7 stimulation, and that short single‐stranded RNA (ssRNA) act as TLR7 agonists in a sequence‐independent manner as long as they contain several uridines in close proximity. Consistent with the notion that TLR7 lacks specificity for sequence motifs, we show that it is triggered equally efficiently by viral or self RNA delivered to endosomes. Our results support the notion that TLR7 recognises uracil repeats in RNA and that it discriminates between viral and self ligands on the basis of endosomal accessibility rather than sequence.
Oxidation of Phosphanes with Orthoquinones: An Unusual Decomposition of an Unexpectedly Stable Zwitterion
Authors: Shevchenko Igor , Andrushko Vasyl , Lork Enno , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOxidation of the ylide (Et2N)2P[=C(CN)CH(CF3)2]CH2P(NEt2)2 (3) with tetrachloroorthobenzoquinone (TOB) does not give the expected 1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane but stops at the formation of the unusually stable intermediate zwitterion 6. The molecular structure of 6 was established by X‐ray analysis. In solution at temperatures above 15 °C zwitterion 6 undergoes an unusual decomposition into symmetrical carbodiphosphorane 7 and hexafluoroisovaleronitrile 8. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Oriented Crystallisation on Supports and Anisotropic Mass Transport of the Metal‐Organic Framework Manganese Formate
Authors: Arnold Mirko , Kortunov Pavel , Jones Deborah J. , Nedellec Yannig , Kärger Jörg , Caro Jürgen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe oriented in situ crystallisation of microporous manganese(II) formate [Mn(HCO2)2] on different porous supports (e.g. porous alumina and graphite) has been investigated. The anisotropic growth of Mn(HCO2)2 was examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The intracrystalline diffusion of methanol in Mn(HCO2)2 was studied by observation of the sorption kinetics by interference microscopy (IFM). It was found that untreated discs of porous alumina and graphite supports exhibit poor densities of Mn(HCO2)2 crystals per supported area. Even lower crystal densities are found for activated supports such as for alumina after basic treatment and for oxidized graphite supports. Improved results have been achieved by replacing formic acid by sodium formate in the synthesis route. Crystal growth on graphite gives results superior to those on alumina with respect to the crystal density as well as the relative orientation of the 1D channel network to the support surface. Methanol uptake from the vapour phase is similar at 25 and 40 °C and gives an adsorption capacity of about 95 mL g–1. The BET surface area was found to be 280 m2 g–1. IFM indicates that diffusion occurs only along one crystallographic axis, thus proving the presence of a 1D channel system. Diffusion coefficients of about 10–12 m2 s–1 for methanol in microporous Mn(HCO2)2 were found. These results can be used to prepare supported metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes for molecular sieving. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Thiocyanate Functionalised Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Characterisation and Reactivity
Authors: Zhao Dongbin , Fei Zhaofu , Han Ang Wee , Scopelliti Rosario , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe reaction of chloromethyl thiocyanate with 1‐methylimidazole affords the imidazolium salt, 1‐thiocyanomethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, [C1SCNmim]Cl (1a). Exchange of the chloride anion in 1a by [PF6]–, [BF4]–, [Tf2N]– or [AuCl4]– affords salts 1b, 1c, 1d and 1e, respectively. Salts [C1SCNmim][BF4] (1c) and [C1SCNmim][Tf2N] (1d) melt below 100 °C and can therefore be classified as ionic liquids. The reaction of 1a with PdCl2 affords [C1SCNmim]2[PdCl4] (2a), whereas 1c reacts with PdCl2 to form the complex [PdCl2{C1SCNmim}2][BF4]2 (2c). In the presence of HNO3 both 1a and 1c react with PdCl2 with the loss of HCN to form a sulfide‐bridged palladium dimer [PdCl2{C1Smim}]2 (3). The structures of 1a, 1e, 2a and 3 have been determined in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The Design of Metal Chelates with a Biologically Related Redox‐Active Part: Conjugation of Riboflavin to Bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine Ligand and Preparation of a Ferric Complex
Authors: Thallaj Nasser K. , Mandon Dominique , White Kristen A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReaction of a twofold molar excess of bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine DPA with 8α‐bromoAc4riboflavin in dry DMF over 24 h affords the 8α‐[bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine]‐N‐Ac4riboflavin ligand. This compound can be described as a tweezer in which the flavin moiety acts as a potential electron mediator. The trichloroferric complex has been prepared, and together with the low potential reduction wave of the flavin moiety, the presence of a reversible FeIII/FeII couple at a higher potential is observed. The deacetylated ligand 8α‐[bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine]‐N‐riboflavin can easily be obtained. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
(+)‐Lentiginosine, a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Amyloglucosidase: Synthetic Efforts and Disputes on Its Absolute Configuration
Authors: Cardona Francesca , Goti Andrea , Brandi Alberto 
Published: November 2006

Abstract(+)‐Lentiginosine is a powerful and selective inhibitor of amyloglucosidases and has become a reference compound in the field among derivatives related to imino sugars. The present review focuses on the several total syntheses of this alkaloid, which rely on either a chiral pool or on enantioselective approaches that have appeared since its isolation in 1990. A summary of biological assays and molecular dynamic studies which allowed the assignment of the correct absolute configuration of natural (+)‐lentiginosine is reported.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Diastereoselective Reduction of Bicyclic ‐Enamino Carbonyl Piperidines – Application to the Total Synthesis of (–)‐Deoxocassine
Authors: Noël Romain , Vanucci‐Bacqué Corinne , Fargeau‐Bellassoued Marie‐Claude , Lhommet Gérard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe chemo‐ and diastereoselective reduction of chiral piperidine β‐enamino esters 4 and 6 and β‐enamino ketones 5 and 7 was studied and found to afford 2,3‐ or 2,3,6‐substituted piperidines. This approach was successfully applied to the total synthesis of (–)‐deoxocassine. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A New Family of Biisoquinoline Chelates
Authors: Durola Fabien , Hanss David , Roesel Pirmin , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFour 8,8′‐diaryl‐substituted 3,3′‐biisoquinoline ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The key feature of this new family of chelates is their endotopic but sterically nonhindering nature. All four ligands were made from a common 8‐bromoisoquinolin‐3‐ol precursor; between three and twelve synthetic steps were necessary to obtain the products. The reported synthetic procedures allow for gram‐scale production of these biisoquinolines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The relationship between marital standards, dyadic coping and marital satisfaction
Authors: Wunderer Eva , Schneewind Klaus A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDifferent types of cognitions in close relationships have been identified. Yet, little is known about the nature and effects of most of them, such as marital standards. In our research project ‘What makes marriages last?’ we applied a German adaptation of the ‘Inventory of Specific Relationship Standards,’ a questionnaire measuring how much sharing, egalitarianism and investment spouses feel they should have and actually experience in their own marriage. We hypothesized that high, i.e., relationship‐focused standards, should be associated with dyadic coping processes as well as with marital satisfaction. Thereby, dyadic coping was expected to play a mediating role between standards and marital satisfaction. Based on a sample of 663 German married couples, we found significant correlations between standards, marital satisfaction, and dyadic coping processes. Moreover, supportive behavior in stressful situations had the expected partial mediating effect, which turned out to be slightly different for husbands and wives. Implications for preventive and therapeutic intervention are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and numerical investigation into leakage effect in injectors of microfluidic devices
Authors: Tsai Chien‐Hsiung , Wang Yao‐Nan , Lin Chiu‐Feng , Yang Ruey‐Jen , Fu Lung‐Ming 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper performs an experimental and numerical investigation into low‐leakage injectors designed for electrophoresis microchips. The principal material transport mechanisms of electrokinetic migration, fluid flow, and diffusion are considered in developing a mathematical model of the electrophoresis process. Low‐leakage injectors designed with injection channels orientated at various included angles are designed and tested. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the injector with a 30° included angle successfully minimizes sample leakage and has an exciting potential for use in high‐quality, high‐throughput chemical analysis procedures and in many other applications in the field of micro‐total analysis systems.
Sacrificial layer microfluidic device fabrication methods
Authors: Peeni Bridget A. , Lee Milton L. , Hawkins Aaron R. , Woolley Adam T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOver the past 15 years, research in the field of microfluidics has experienced rapid growth due to significant potential advantages such as low cost, short analysis times, and elimination of sources of contamination. Although etched and thermally bonded glass substrates have seen widespread use and offer solid performance, device fabrication still remains cumbersome. Recent advances in sacrificial layer microfabrication methods for microfluidics have overcome many disadvantages of conventional fabrication approaches. Phase‐changing sacrificial layers have been implemented in making inexpensive and high‐performance polymer microchips for electrophoretic analysis, protein focusing, and sample preconcentration. In addition, novel channel fabrication methods based on standard thin‐film processes, which are readily integratable with microfabrication techniques used for electrical components, are being applied increasingly for the creation of microfluidic devices. These new sacrificial layer fabrication approaches will be instrumental in making low‐cost and high‐quality polymer microchips, and in interfacing electrical and fluidic systems on glass or semiconductor substrates.
Quantification of Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Plants Affected by Contaminated Irrigation Water
Authors: Ibekwe A. M. , Shouse P. J. , Grieve C. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEnterohemorrhagic E. coli O157: H7 (EHEC) is a major foodborne pathogen capable of causing diarrhea and vomiting, with further complications such as hemolytic‐uremic syndrome (HUS). The aim of this study was to use the real‐time PCR method to quantify the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7/pGFP in phyllosphere (leaf surface), rhizosphere (volume of soil tightly held by plant roots), and non‐rhizosphere soils (sand and clay) irrigated with contaminated water and compare the results obtained between real‐time PCR method and conventional plate counts. The real‐time PCR probe was designed to hybridize with the (eae) gene of E. coli O157:H7. The probe was incorporated into real‐time PCR containing DNA extracted from the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and non‐rhizosphere soils irrigated with water artificially contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. The detection limit for E. coli O157:H7 quantification by real‐time PCR was 2.3 × 103 in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere samples. E. coli O157:H7 survived longer in rhizosphere soil than the non‐rhizosphere soil. The concentration of E. coli O157:H7/pGFP in rhizosphere soils was ≥ 104 CFU/g in both soils at day 12 based on both plate count and real time PCR, with the clay soil significantly (P = 0.05) higher than the sandy soil. This data showed that E. coli O157H:7 can persist in the environment for more than 50 d, and this may pose some risk for both animal and human infection and provides a very significant pathway for pathogen recontamination in the environment.
Optimizing the Production of Bacterial Cellulose in Surface Culture: Evaluation of Substrate Mass Transfer Influences on the Bioreaction (Part 1)
Authors: Hornung M. , Ludwig M. , Gerrard A. M. , Schmauder H.‐P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe interest in cellulose produced by bacteria from surface cultures has increased steadily in recent years because of its potential for use in medicine and cosmetics. Unfortunately, the low yield of the production process has limited the commercial usefulness of bacterial cellulose. This series of three papers dealing with the production of bacterial cellulose using (batch) surface culture, firstly present a complete and complex analysis of the overall system, which allows a fundamental optimization of the production process to be performed. This material has many applications but the low yield of the process limits its commercial usefulness. In part 1, the effect of the rate of mass transfer of substrate on the microbial process, which is characterized by the growth of the bacteria, product formation, and the utilization of the substrate by the bacteria, is studied. A fundamental model for the diffusion of glucose through the growing cellulose layer is proposed and solved. The model confirmed that the increase in diffusional resistance is indeed significant but other factors will also need to be taken into account.
Feasibility of conducting the micronucleus test in circulating erythrocytes from different mammalian species: An anatomical perspective
Authors: Udroiu Ion 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe in vivo mammalian micronucleus test can be conducted easily on peripheral blood samples since the maturation of erythrocytes involves the loss of the major nucleus. In addition, mature erythrocytes are relatively long‐lived, so that the test potentially can detect genotoxic damage caused by chronic exposures. However, some species have spleens that remove micronuclei from the peripheral circulation, making such measurements problematical. This report summarises haematological and mutagenesis studies dealing with this subject and provides an anatomical interpretation of the phenomenon. Anatomical features can be used to identify those species in which micronuclei are removed by the spleen. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.