bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DELAYED SPLENIC HAEMORRHAGE. A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Hueston J. T. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

A case of unusually delayed splenic haemorrhage is reported, and the march of symptoms analysed in detail.
The clinical features have been corre‐ lated with the state of the specimen removed.
Splenic rupture due to delayed intra‐ splenic haemorrhage is distinguished from rupture due to continued initial haemorrhage.
POSTERIOR DISLOCATION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE.
Authors: Hueston J. T. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Posterior dislocation of the cervical spine is described, and contrasted with the more common type of anterior dislocation.
The mechanism of injury is hyperextension, with disruption of the anterior longi‐ tudinal ligament.
In all cases quadriplegia was present. The anatomical basis of this is discussed.
The application of these findings to the management of cervical spine injuries is discussed.
TUMOURS OF THE PITUITARY BODY AND ITS ENVIRONS.
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTumours and cysts of the pituitary region may be simple or complex in form.The complex structures, usually para pituitary in position are commonly regarded as having an origin directly from such archaic structures as the hypophyseal duct or less clearly recognizable “cell residues.”The assumption that such tumours or cysts arise from special tissues is due to the view that only these possess the potentialities for production of several tissues and that such capacity is not present in more adult structures.This assumption is misleading on two accounts: (i) the cysts and tumours are not in reality as complex as cursory examination would suggest, and (ii) investigation shows that powers of differentiation greater than those previously recognized are, in effect. present in adult tissues.The various tissues that are seen in these complex structures develop by changes in cells previously present; thus, the cyst or tumour does not arise like Minerva, fully panoplied, from the brow of Jove but develops by gradual differentiation of proliferating cells in the same manner as is seen in the formation of normal tissues or organs.In a cyst, for example, there first appears a simple epithelium which may be in part ciliated; this may become pseudostratified or stratified (the former may be ciliated and the second may show keratin formation). The squamous epithelium may then form a basal‐type epithelium with calcifiable homogeneous secretion. Lymphocytic accumulation and cartilage formation occurs and, in areas of excessive keratinous formation, cholesterol accumulation may be found. When all these various tissues and materials are found together the structure becomes one of considerable macroscopical and histological complexity.The close relation of such complex tumours and cysts to simple ones is thus clear and it is unnecessary to regard the essential progenitor of such structures as a “totipotent” cell or a cell of some special kind. The complex cyst or tumour is merely a variant of that which, because it closely resembles the tissues commonly observed in the part, is usually regarded as simple.
TESTICULAR TUMOURS: THE ASSOCIATION OF SEMINOMA AND TERATOMA
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Twelve cases of tumour of the testis in which there was an association of a seminoma and a “teratoma” are discussed and three of these are described in detail.
The malignant “teratomata” do not usually show a degree of multi‐differen‐ tiation greater than is seen in many carcinomata in other parts of the body but usually show only an epithelial tissue and often only one form of this.
The evidence for the opinion that these are really teratomata is therefore of the slenderest, and the reasons for consider‐ ing that they are not so are discussed.
These tumours (both the “teratoma” and the seminoma) are regarded as arising from the cells of the testicular tubules.
The term teratoma, by definition, should be applied only to such tumours as show considerable multi‐differentiation and the term should cease to be used as applying to those in which this is not true. For this reason it should not be used for those malignant forms of epithelial growth which differ from the seminomata.
Tumours of this kind should be desig‐ nated carcinoma.
The seminoma is a carcinoma but, in view of its characteristic features, this or some comparable term should be re‐ tained at present.
In this way over 95 per cent. of the growths of the testis, which constitute the malignant epithelial tumours, would fall into two sub‐groups, the carcinoma and the seminoma.
CHRONIC SCLEROSING PERI‐SYNOVITIS OF THE DORSUM OF THE HAND
Authors: McKenzie Graham 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Four cases of fibrosis of the hand are described.
The clinical feature of swelling occurring in the tendon sheaths and in the tissues beyond these, arising usually after an injury, is described.t)
The condition is one of a chronic inflammatory change following the injury; instead of simple resolution, which usually occurs, there is fibrosis and cystic (that is, synovial) development.
GASTRIC MUCOSA WITHIN THE OESOPHAGUS
Authors: Morris Kenneth N. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThere is a clinical state in which the lower end of the oesophagus is lined by gastric epithelium. The origin of this gastric mucosa is a matter of conjecture. It may be complicated by the development of reflux oesophagitis and high oesophageal stricture or by the formation of typical peptic ulcers which may haemorrhage, perforate or stenose. The correct line of treatment of this condition is a matter of debate but we have been pleased with the results achieved by a conservative approach to the problem.
PRIMARY ONE‐STAGE PROCTOCOLECTOMY IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: Hughes E. S. R. , King W. E. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Six cases of ulcerative colitis treated by ileostomy and primary proctocolectomy are reviewed.(a)Two cases showed chronic ulcerative colitis, complicated by stricture formation. In one, the stricture was malignant.(b)Two cases showed a sub‐acute or chronic relapsing ulcerative colitis. In both, the history was long, and in both radiological studies at intervals showed proximal spread of the disease.(c)Two cases showed an acute or fulminating ulcerative colitis. The history was short, and the patients gravely ill at the time of surgical intervention.
SUBACUTE NODULAR POLYANGEITIS
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn example of a disseminated nodose form of vascular inflammatory change, characterized by the development of subcutaneous and muscular nodules, is described.The disease was of limited duration and has not (in a quarter of a century) recurred.The histological features differed from those of polyarteritis nodosa in that histological changes were found in arteries, veins and capillaries.The changes also were more chronic in type and in some respects, especially the development of giant cells, resembled those of temporal arteritis.
CERVICAL LYMPH NODE METASTASES FROM EPITHELIOMA OF THE FACE, LIPS AND MOUTH
Authors: EDBEY HOWARD H. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The results of treatment of 48 patients with epithelioma of the face, lips or mouth who were referred for surgical treatment of cervical lymph node metastases have been considered.
Some of the problems of management have been discussed with particular reference to the indications for combined neck and mouth disssction and to the treatment of recurrence.
Some indication has been given of the prognosis in this condition.
CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY MASTITIS WITH DUCT ECTASIA
Authors: ACKLAND THOMAS H. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Attention is drawn to the occasional occurrence of true chronic inflammation in the breast.
The term “plasma cell mastitis” does not necessarily describe the changes which occur, so that a more embracing descriptive term is required.
The diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast is very likely to be made in these cases.
FAMILIAL INTESTINAL POLYPOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH FURTHER‘ ABNORMALITIES OF GROWTH
Authors: KENNY P. J. , O'NEILL J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe condition of familial polyposis coli associated with “soft” and “hard” tissue tumours is briefly reviewed. A family group suffering from polyposis coli and multiple epidermoid cysts is reported. As far as we are aware, this is the first time this disease entity has been reported in this country.
ANEURYSM OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA
Authors: Morris Kenneth N. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn account is given of the clinical features and the management of aneurysm of the ab‐dominal aorta. Rupture of the aneurysm is a common terminal event in this condition and it is desirable that operation should be undertaken before rupture occurs. Unfortunately many of these patients are not suitable for major surgery.The author's personal series comprises 22 operations for aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Fifteen of these operations were carried out after the aneurysm had ruptured. Details of operative techniques and results are given.
CHONDROBLASTOMA*
Authors: King Thomas 
Published: January 2008

SummaryExcision of the head and neck of the femur for a benign chondroblastoma was performed because of a pathological misdiagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma.2. There was a recurrence after the excision of the tumour because tumour cells had been spilled along the drill hole in the great trochanter during the diagnostic curettage.3. At the third operation the great trochanter was excised after which there was no recurrence.4. There is good function, no pain, but 3′shortening at the present time, four years later.
SPORADIC AMOEBIASIS IN VICTORIA
Authors: CUTIIBERTSON A. M. , TANGE J. D. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryForty‐four cases of amoebiasis have presented at the Melbourne teaching hospitals between 1935 and 1958.A high mortality and high incidence of complications were noted. This is clearly‐related to difficulties experienced in diagnosis.It is suggested that in the absence of distinctive clinical features, an awareness of the condition and perseverance in the face of negative examinations are necessary if the diagnosis is to be established in the early stages of the illness.
CARCINOMA OF THE OESOPHAGUS WITH SURVIVAL
Authors: Dunlop E. E. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Some modern trends in the treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus are discussed.2. A personal case series of 170 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus during theperiod 1945 to 1959 and a ten year series from the Royal Melbourne Hospital (1949–1958) are presented.Carcinoma arising in the stomach or gastric cardia are excluded but not those involving both pharynx and oesophagus.Brief reference is made to 32 cases who received radiotherapy at the Peter MacCallum Clinic over the same period 1949 to 1958.3. The advanced age and frailty of the patients are evidenced, and sex variations discussed in relationship to site.4. The intractability of many of the lesions is discussed in terms of local metastasis (63 per cent.), blood stream metastasis (15 per cent.) and advanced spread. Reference is made to double carcinoma and vagaries of spread and recurrence. A wide margin of resection is advised if cure be the objective.5. Views on the place of palliative and radical procedures are advanced in the light of the pathology, the distress of the patients cnd the grim outlook of the untreated disease.6. Palliatie measures discussed include intubation (with preference for plastic tubes), gadrostomy and jejunostomy (which are not favoured). short circuits, palliative resection and X‐ray therapy.7. Major surgical excisions were carried out in 68 of the personal case series; lowerthird 33, middle third 44 and upper third 39 with mortality 29 per cent. (15 per cent. lower third, 32.5 per cent. for the upper two‐thirds).8. On the basis of results obtained in Melbourne there does not appear to be any well‐established case for abandoning surgery for carcinomata of the upper two‐thirds of the oesophagus.9. A survey of these results together with others available from other countries suggests that the disease is grim indeed, but that surgery offers comfort and some distinct hope of lasting relief.
CARDIAC OUTPUT UNDER ANAESTHESIA
Authors: B. Dwyer  , George E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe basic physiology of the output of the heart and the total body peripheral resistance and their relation to the blood pressure are reviewed together with their methods of estimation.The radio‐isotope dilution method of cardiac output determination is described in detail and the effects of thiopentone, “Presuren and halothane on cardiac output and peripheral resistance were studied in a few cases.The application of this method to the investigation of new anaesthetic agents, the causes of hypotension under anaesthesia and the management of hypotensive states appears Received for publication 15th October, 1959.In clinical practice, anaesthetists may use Starr's pulse‐pressure formulas to obtaina better indication of the direction and magnitude of the changes in the cardiac output under anaesthesia.
COLECTOMY AND ILEORECTAL ANASTOMOSIS IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: Anderson A. F. G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA series of 34 cases of ulcerative colitis subjected to colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis has been reviewed.A good or satisfactory result was obtained in 18. In 8 cases there was a late severe recurrence of disease in the rectal stump. following an interval (on an average three years)in which in 6 the result had been good or satisfactory. In 5 of these latter it was necessary, because of the severity of the proctitis, to excise the rectum.It is concluded that those most likely to have the benefit of a good result following colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis are the young patients with short histories, in whomthe rectum is only mildly affected, and where at least 15 crns of rectal stump is left. Avery satisfactory scheme is a two stage procedure with colectomy and ileostomy as the first stage.
OESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW OESOPHAGUS
Authors: Howard Russell 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Indications are formulated for the use of a visceral transplant in the oesophageal construction necessary in cases of oesophageal atresia.
It is suggested that colon is the viscus most suitable for this purpose and that it should be placed intrapleurally along the posterior mediastinum.
A case of oesophageal atresia is reported in which a new oesophagus was built using transverse colon as such a transplant.
TREATMENT OF SIGMOID VOLVULUS
Authors: Nayman Jack 
Published: January 2008

Summary(a) Seventeen cases of sigmoid volvulus are reviewed.(b) The various methods of treatment are considered.(c) The mechanism of torsion is studied.(d) The clinical picture is carefully outlined showing its characteristic course.(e) It is shown that there are fairly definite indications of the suspicion or presence of gangrene.(f) A conservative emergency approach of intubation is favoured.(g) It is suggested that in the presence of gangrene the Mikulicz procedure be replaced by resection with closure and invagination of the distal stump and proximal terminal colostomy.
RENAL FAILURE AFTER PROSTATECTOMY DUE TO INTRAVASCULAR HAEMOLYSIS
Authors: Marshall Vernon 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo cases of renal failure developing after prostatectomy have been described. Renal failure was believed to have been precipitated by intravascular haemolysis following the use of distilled water as a perfusing fluid.In one patient, haemolysis occurred during transurethral resection and in the other, haemolysis occurred on the third post‐operative day immediately after a bladder wash‐out.Haemolysis due to this cause is preventable by the substitution of a non‐electrolytic, isos‐motic perfusing fluid for distilled water and some points relating to the use of these solutions during the operation of transurethral resection are discussed.Intravascular haemolysis is considered to be one of several factors which will contribute to the development of post‐operative renal failure.If bladder wash‐outs are considered necessary in the post‐operative period, the substitution of 5 per cent, glucose for distilled water as an irrigating fluid is strongly urged as a preventive measure against post‐operative haemolysis.
SURGERY AND METASTATIC HYPERNEPHROMA
Authors: Leditschke J. F. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe case of a sixty‐four‐year old woman is presented, who had a clear cell hypernephroma removed by nephrectomy. Over the next seven and a half years, metastases were surgically removed from the middle lobe of the right lung, left posterior upper lung segment, right suprarenal, right frontal lobe of brain and right parietal lobe of brain. All the metastatic deposits resembled the primary hypernephroma.
FUNCTIONAL ILEUS OF THE NEWBORN*
Authors: Maclaurin Campbell 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Intestinal obstruction of a purely functional nature can occur in newborn babies, particularly when premature.2. Previous accounts of the condition are reviewed, and a further 8 cases described.3. Differential diagnosis from organic obstruction is frequently difficult, but is important, as operation is to be avoided if possible. For this reason the passage of a rectal tube and the use of enemas should always precede the decision to operate on an obstructed baby.4. Conservative treatment is effective in tiding many of these infants over the obstructive phase and surgery has nothing to offer beyond exclusion of organic disease. Those babies that do survive show no evidence of any residual defect.
SURGICAL ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DEFORMITIES OF THE SPINE AND LOWER LIMBS IN SPINA BIFIDA
Authors: Williams Peter F. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn the past the orthopaedic problems associated with spina bifida have often been disregarded and rehabilitation of these cases considered impractical. This paper describes the problems encountered in over 100 cases treated by the Orthopaedic Department of the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne.The cases have been classified into 4 groups depending on the extent of paralysis. The first group have high lesions with paralysis of the trunk and legs. These are largely aproblem of bracing and, except in neglected cases, offer little scope for surgery. The second and largest group are paraplegic but the psoas muscle is active. In these patients a wide range of surgical procedures for hip dislocation, hip contracture and transfer of the psoas tendon to the greater trochanter will often be required.In the fourth group where there is a combination of paralysis below the knee and gluteal paralysis, correction of foot deformities, their retention by tendon transfer and psoas transplant at the hip will all be part of the surgical programme.The final group with minimal or no paralysis rarely presents as an orthopaedic problem.Secondary deformities occurring in the spine, hip and knees often require considerable ingenuity in their correction. While most of the surgical procedures used in this series are well known, minor but important modifications have been found necessary to achieve success. The timing and planning of the rehabilitation programme is perhaps the most difficult task, and this is described in some detail.A great range of standard surgical procedures is available and with suitable modifications can produce successful results. These are described and the timing and selection ofthe best methods discussed.
ANTERIOR TRANSPLANTATION OF TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDON*
Authors: Watts A. W. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Anterior transplantation of the posterior tibial tendon between the tibia and fibula is described.2. Application of this operative procedure in certain cases of congenital club foot and poliomyelitis is discussed.3. This operation is considered effective in restoring muscle balance in selected cases of these two disabilities.
SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOPERITONEUM: TWO CASE REPORTS
Authors: Russell I. S. , Hardy K. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Two cases of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum are reported.2. The more common causes are mentioned, and the probable causes in the 2 cases are discussed.3. The management favoured is laparotomy, and the reasons for this are given.4. Rarely, paracentesis is indicated and the disadvantages of this method are pointed out.
TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF A COUVELAIRE UTERUS
Authors: Beischer Norman A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of accidental haemorrhage complicated by uterine rupture is reported. Uterine haematomata were palpable through the patient's abdominal wall before the rupture occurred duringinternal version. Hysterectomy was performed and the unusual appearance of the ererus is described.
ON THE AETIOLOGY OF PRIMARY VARICOSE VEINS
Authors: Schraibman Ivor 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA series of 70 patients has been reviewed in an enquiry into the aetiology of varicose veins. After a brief review of current theories, material is presented based on history and physical examination. There is no clinical evidence for the view that varicose veins are due to multiple minute arterio‐venous fistulae and dissatisfaction with the current mechanical theory is emphasized.
THE SURGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF IRRADIATION DAMAGE TO THE BOWEL
Authors: Cuthbertson A. M. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. As more effective means are made available for pelvic tumour irradiation and increased incidence of bowel damage has been recognized.2. Thirty patients undergoing pelvic tumour irradiation were followed with serial sigmoidoscopy and biopsy in an attempt to correlate these findings with the dosage given and the symptoms experienced.3. Fifteen cases with established bowel damage are recorded and 3 reported in some details to illustrate the range of complications and the difficulties encountered when surgical intervention was necessary.
THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE OESOPHAGUS IN RELATION TO OESOPHAGEAL SURGERY
Authors: Hermann By J. D. , Murugasu J. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe arterial supply to the oesophagus was studied in 32 mortuary specimens. The findings were as generally described in the literature. The anastomosis between the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and hence the ability of the superior thyroid artery to supply a portion of the oesophagus, was noted. In general, the blood supply of the entire oesophagus was adequate with free anastomosis between its various branches. Nevertheless, it will not tolerate extensive mobilization during surgery. The relatively unsafe sites for anastomosis have been pointed out. The influence of haemodynamics has not been taken into account, in this review, and may be worthy of further investigation.
BLOWOUT FRACTURE OF THE FLOOR OF THE ORBIT
Authors: Smith P. Hardy 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. two cases of the “trapdoor” variety of blowout fracture of the orbital floor are described.2. the mechanism of this injury is discussed and the point is made that the diagnosis may have to be made entirely on clinical grounds.3. it is noted that this type of fracture may be more common in children and young adults and a possible reason for this is given.4. the operative treatment is described.