bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune‐depressive effect of urethan on the homograft response in mice
Authors: Parmiani Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of a multiple administration of urethan on cellular immunity was tested in young mice. Two different systems were used, the rejection of coisogenic and allogeneic skin grafts and the growth of an antigenic 3‐methylcholanthrene (MCA)‐induced sarcoma isograft. The urethan immune depression appears to be confined to the reaction against weak histocompatibility antigens, since the drug was able to prolong the C57BL/6 male to female skin graft rejection and to impair the immunological capacity in mice transplanted with an isogenic, highly antigenic, MCA‐induced sarcoma. On the contrary, the urethan was ineffective when tested in a strong antigenic difference. The implications for the possible mechanism of urethan carcinogenesis are discussed.
Hodgkin's disease: A correlation of histopathology with survival
Authors: Gough J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiopsy samples from 96 cases of Hodgkin's disease have been subdivided into four groups based on the histological classification suggested at the Rye Conference on The Obstacles to the Control of Hodgkin's Disease held in Rye, New York, in 1965. The four groups, namely, lymphocytic predominance, nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocytic depletion are shown to be associated with 5‐year survival rates of 58%, 45%, 18% and 8% respectively, as calculated by the life table method. The anatomical extent of the disease has also been shown to influence prognosis, 5‐year survival rates being 42%, 30%, 6% and 0% respectively for the four clinical stages described.
On the epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Clifford Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is high in Chinese in South East China and in those living in a traditional Chinese manner in the countries of South East Asia. The related Mongoloid peoples of Japan and Korea have a low incidence, as do the Caucasians of Europe, America and India. In Chinese born abroad and living in a “Western”‐type environment in Australia, Hawaii and California the incidence falls significantly. This suggests that the high incidence in the Chinese relates to a genetically determined racial or “line” predisposition combined with environmental factors or to environmental factors alone. In Kenya, ethnic origin does not relate to incidence which depends on environmental factors only. The possible significance of genetic factors cannot be assessed until adequate information on the genetic profiles of racial groups with high and low incidences is available.Different environmental factors may be of importance. Biologic agents such as fungi or viruses may be of importance in some areas, in others a physical or chemical agent may be of significance, or the cancer may arise following exposure to a combination of factors. In some areas inhalation of polynuclear hydrocarbons may be of importance, in others the ingestion of nitrosamine‐like compounds, and these external agents may only be effective if combined with a viral infection, possibly the Epstein‐Barr virus or with a particular nutritional or hormonal status.The local tissue sensitivity is the factor which determines the response to any particular external agent. Examination of the external environment is, perhaps, of less importance than that of the milieu intérieur, as it is now recognized that the stability of the respiratory epithelium is affected by hormonal and nutritional factors. Universally the incidence in men is higher than in women, and this may relate to their different internal environments.
Cellular and humoral immune responses to human urinary bladder carcinomas
Authors: Bubenïk J. , Perlmann P. , Helmstein K. , Moberger G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukocytes from 17 of 19 patients with urinary bladder carcinomas were cytotoxic for autochthonous as well as allogeneic bladder carcinoma cells in vitro. The cells from all 11 individual bladder carcinomas studied were susceptible to this cytotoxic action of patients' leukocytes. In contrast, no cytotoxicity was observed when cells from unrelated tumours or various normal tissues were used as target cells. Purified blood lymphocytes from patients whose leukocytes were active, were also cytotoxic.Sera of 8 out of 13 patients with bladder carcinomas contained complement‐dependent antibodies which were cytotoxic for autochthonous and allogeneic bladder tumour cells. When serum was taken from the same patient on different occasions over a period of 8 months cytotoxicity was found in some samples but not in others. Sera from 4 out of 9 patients exhibited a blocking activity, which completely abolished the cytotoxic effects of patients' leukocytes. The serum of one out of 9 patients contained antibodies which were not cytotoxic without leukocytes but which conferred a cytotoxic activity onto leukocytes from control subjects. This opsonizing antibody was complement‐dependent and probably of IgM nature.The effect of hydrostatic pressure therapy on the immune state of the patients was followed by examination of the leukocytes from 16 patients with bladder carcinoma. Leukocytes from 10 patients were cytotoxic before as well as after the pressure treatment. Leukocytes from six patients did not react before the treatment while those from four became active after treatment. A more detailed study of three individual cases indicated that cytotoxicity of the leukocytes appeared after pressure treatment and was of relatively short duration (approximately 1 month). In one case, the development of cytotoxic antibodies was similar. The patient who had opsonizing antibodies had no cytotoxic antibodies. The opsonizing antibodies appeared when the cytotoxicity of the leukocytes decreased.
Carcinogenesis by RNA sarcoma viruses. XIV. Infection of stationary cultures with murine sarcoma virus (harvey)
Authors: Murray R. K. , Temin H. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNo focus‐forming virus was produced after exposure of stationary mouse embryo cell cultures (achieved by removal of serum) to the marine sarcoma virus (Harvey) complex. Addition of serum to these infected stationary cultures resulted in MSV (Harvey) production following cell division. Cytosine arabinoside, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, was found to inhibit subsequent virus production when added to stationary cultures immediately after exposure to virus. These results are compatible with a requirement for both cell division and non‐S‐phase DNA synthesis for the production of this virus complex, and show a marked parallelism to results previously obtained with the avian sarcoma complex.
Induction of leukemia in balb mice by allogeneic AKR leukemic cells
Authors: Pasqualini Christiane Dosne , Saal Fortuna , Braylan R. C. , Rabasa S. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe intrasplenic inoculation of AKR lymphoma cells into 1‐month‐old BALB mice, followed by a syngeneic intraperitoneal passage, led to the development of short‐latency leukemia of host origin within 24 days; the incidence of leukemia averaged 83% in 88 mice. Electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of intracisternal A and extracellular C‐type viral particles in leukemic lymph nodes. These results were obtained with eight AKR lymphoma inocula out of 107 trials and were never observed in BALB controls and with normal AKR spleen inoculum, except in one animal. In the surviving groups, the incidence of long‐latency leukemia, averaging 19 months, was significantly increased to 45% in the 541 mice which had received AKR lymphoma inocula, as compared to 30% in those receiving normal AKR spleen inocula; the latter value was also significantly higher than the 15% spontaneous incidence of the BALB strain. A number of tumors were observed in the experimental groups. Antigenic studies, using the indirect cytotoxic test, demonstrated the presence of the G (Gross) antigen, in both short‐ and long‐latency leukemias.
Absence of thymic involvement in the inhibition of urethan lung adenomagenesis by X‐radiation
Authors: Bartlett Gerald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince regional thoracic irradiation involves the thymus, as well as lung tissue, inhibition of urethan lung adenomagenesis by thoracic irradiation might be mediated by radiation damage to the thymus. This paper reports experiments which show that lung tumor induction is not inhibited by surgical removal of the thymus and that the inhibitory effect of radiation is not reversed by grafts of normal thymus tissue. Hence, the thymus is not essential to pulmonary adenomagenesis, and does not mediate the inhibitory effect of radiation.
Distribution of bound tritium from 3h‐diethylnitrosamine in rat tissues
Authors: Rajewsky M. F. , Dauber W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe concentration of bound 3H from diethyl‐(mono‐2‐3H)‐nitrosamine was determined in five different rat tissues as a function of time after single and repeated oral doses of the labelled carcinogen. The recorded curves can be described as two‐component kinetics. Whereas the first component decreased with a half‐life of about 3–6 h, the corresponding value for the second component was approximately 90 h. Two hundred and forty hours after a single 3H‐DEN dose, the highest relative concentration of bound 3H was recorded in the liver (1.00), followed by kidney (0.74), spleen (0.40), small intestine (0.18), and lung (0.14). The capacity of the liver to metabolically activate DEN, as reflected by the tissue‐specific accumulation of bound 3H after repeated 3H‐DEN doses, was not impaired at an advanced stage of hepatocarcinogenesis by DEN.
Serum lipoproteins of rats bearing transplanted morris hepatoma 7777
Authors: Narayan K. Ananth , Morris Harold P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe serum lipoprotein patterns of Buffalo‐strain rats bearing hepatoma 7777 were determined in the 2nd, 4th and 5th weeks after transplantation of the tumor. The result indicated the presence of a slow‐moving HDL component which was similar to that observed previously in Holtzman rats given 0.03% N‐2‐fluorenylacetamide. Five weeks after transplantation of the tumor, the serum lipoproteins were isolated ultracentrifugally and quantified by chemical analyses and by disc electrophoresis using a protein stain. These results have confirmed the increase in serum lipoproteins, especially the high density lipoprotein, HDL2, in these tumor‐bearing rats. The serum total lipid, cholesterol and phospholipid were considerably increased while the total serum proteins were only slightly elevated in rats with tumors as compared to control rats. A new α1‐globulin component was observed in the serum protein patterns in the tumor‐bearing rats.
Clinical features and treatment of childhood malignant lymphoma in Uganda
Authors: Ziegler J. L. , Morrow R. H. , Templeton A. C. , Templeton C. , Bluming A. Z. , Fass L. , Kyalwazi S. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of 66 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma or childhood lymphoma of the histiocytic or lymphoblastic type has been analysed. The six patients with histiocytic lymphomas had clinical features, response to therapy and survival rates which clearly distinguished this group from Burkitt's lymphoma. Of the six patients with lymphoblastic lymphomas, however, three presented with clinical features indistinguishable from Burkitt's lymphoma while two had facial tumors which showed atypical features. The response to chemotherapy with CTX was more favorable in the lymphoblastic than in the histiocytic group, and the survival rate in this small number of patients falls midway between those of histiocytic lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. Thus, the clinical evaluation of Ugandan children with lymphoblastic lymphoma did not clearly distinguish this group from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, and casts some doubt on the use of clinical features or response to therapy as diagnostic criteria.
Cancer in the parsi community of bombay
Authors: Paymaster J. C. , Gangadharan P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study of the distribution of cancer in the Parsi community has brought to light certain important differences existing between this community and other communities of Western India. Such variations may be due to the habits and customs of the Parsis and perhaps in a small measure to ethnic characteristics. There is a striking preponderance of cancer at certain sites such as the anterior two‐thirds of the tongue, the female breast and the uterus. In contrast, the disease is far less frequent in the buccal mucosa, base of the tongue, cervix and lung than in other communities.
Burkitt's lymphoma and malaria
Authors: Kafuko G. W. , Burkitt D. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of Burkitt's lymphoma is related to endemicity of malaria, not only on a world‐wide basis, but also in more detailed studies in East Africa, particularly in Uganda. This geographical association, together with the diminished incidence of AS haemoglobulin in patients with this tumour and the increased susceptibility to lymphoma formation in mice infected with chronic malaria, suggest a causal relationship.
EB viral antigens in burkitt tumor biopsies and early cultures
Authors: Nadkarni J. S. , Nadkarni J. J. , Klein G. , Henle W. , Henle G. , Clifford P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe emergence of cells producing EB viral antigens in cultures of Burkitt tumor biopsies was studied by means of immunofluorescence techniques. Definitely or questionably positive cells were seen in acetone‐fixed smears of 6% and 29% of the biopsies, respectively, which amounted to no more than a few cells among several hundred thousands. Yet in culture, specifically stainable cells often appeared within 3 to 10 days, occasionally in substantial numbers (up to 5%). Repeated biopsies from the same donors gave remarkably similar results. In time all cultures which developed into lines showed the presence of EBV. Arginine‐free medium failed to facilitate emergence of EBV antigen‐producing cells in young cultures or to increase their number, unless about 0.5% or more of the cells in the control cultures were productively infected. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Inheritance of susceptibility to friend mouse leukemia virus. VII. Establishment of a resistant strain
Authors: Odaka Takeshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBased on the previous observation that a single major autosomal locus controls susceptibility to Friend leukemia virus in mice, an attempt was made to place the gene for resistance, Fvr, from resistant C57Bl/6 mice into the genetic background of susceptible D D D mice. The cross‐intercross system was adopted for this purpose, the mice with Fvr/Fvr genotype being selected by progeny test at each even‐numbered generation. During successive matings, the effect of gene Fvr was not diluted out, and progeny were almost always obtained as expected from the single gene hypothesis. After five to six cycles of cross‐intercross, brother‐sister mating was done between the mice with Fvr/Fvr genotype. The progeny are homozygous for gene Fvr and could be assumed to be congenic with D D D mice except for susceptibility to Friend leukemia virus. In the mice of this strain, the virus does not induce typical splenomegaly, but multiplies to a considerable level. It could therefore be concluded that the locus Fv is involved rather in cell proliferation than in virus multiplication.
Loss of T antigen by cells derived from a hamster tumour induced by adenovirus type 12
Authors: Vasconcelos‐Costa J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells from a second transplantation of an adenovirus type 12‐induced hamster tumour were cultured and, at the seventh subculture, frozen in liquid nitrogen with 10% DMSO. Later, these cells were cultured in the same conditions as the parent cells. They kept the morphological and growth characteristics and the tumorigenicity of the cells from the former culture. The synthesis of surface antigen was maintained but T antigen and tumour‐specific transplantation antigen were not detectable. The possibility of a relation between the antigen loss and the freezing treatment is discussed.
Inactivation DU virus leucémogène de gross par les radiations UV, X et γ
Authors: Latarjet Raymond 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA passage cell‐free extract from AKR leukemia was irradiated: a) with UV light (2,537 Å); b) with X‐ and γ‐radiation acting under direct effect conditions. After irradiation, the residual activity of the extract was compared to those of serial dilutions of the non‐irradiated extract. The criterion for activity was the “acceleration test” in new‐born AKR mice. Four experiments were carried out with UV light, 3 with X‐, and 2 with γ‐rays. In each experiment, the effects of 4 doses of radiation were compared to those of 4 10‐fold dilutions of the non‐irradiated control. In all, 1,835 new‐born mice were utilized. The Gross virus is inactivated according to an exponential function of the dose of radiation. The doses D10, which reduce the viral activity of the extract to one tenth of its original value were found to be:

The viral function, which is involved in these tests, seems to be the leukemogenic activity (transformation), rather than the infectivity (viral multiplication).
Tumor induction with single urethan injection in newborn and adult syrian golden hamsters. A study on age influence. I.
Authors: Toth B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSingle subcutaneous injections of 1 mg urethan per g body weight were administered to newborn and 8‐week‐old randomly bred Syrian golden hamsters. The treatment ersulted in the induction of higher numbers of forestomach papillomas in animals receiving urethan at adult age than or birth. It gave rise to similar incidences of dermal melamocytomas inthe ovo age groups. Other tumors were also observed in the animals. Since only a few were seen of each type, it is difficult to relate their appearnace to the treatments. It is concluded that ageplays a role inh the oncogenic response of golden hamsters challenged by a single chemical stimulus. The ersults aer discussed in the light of previous studies performed in this field.
Studies on the mechanisms of invasion in cancer. I. Isolation and purification of a factor chemotactic for cancer cells
Authors: Yoshida Kenshi , Ozaki Teruhisa , Ushijima Kenichiro , Hayashi Hideo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA substance chemotactic for cancer cells was extracted from the pseudoglobulin fraction of some tumor tissues of animal and human origin. It was highly purified by column chromatography using Sephadex G‐50 and CM‐Sephadex and then by disc electrophoresis; it behaved as a homogenous substance on disc electrophoresis. The substance was a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 70,000. It was thermolabile and had no proteolytic activity. The material was similarly active for rat ascites hepatoma AH109A cells, mouse ascites hepatoma MH134 cells and mouse myeloid leukemia C‐1498 cells, suggesting a common chemotactic action. It was ineffective for polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rats. No such chemotactic activity was demonstrated by the protein fraction from normal skin and muscle.
Inhibition by germ‐free status of development of liver and lung tumours in mice exposed neonatally to 7,12‐dimethylbenz(A)anthracene: Implications in relation to tests for carcinogenicity
Authors: Roe F. J. C. , Grant G. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGerm‐free (GF) status significantly “protected” male C3H mice from the early (before 40 weeks) development of liver‐cell tumours in response to 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) given shortly after birth. GF status significantly protected C3H mice of both sexes from the early development of adenomas of the lung in response to the same treatment, and may have protected DMBA‐treated C3H female mice from the development of malignant lymphoma, mammary, ovarian and uterine tumours. Age in excess of 80 weeks counteracted the protective effect of GF status. GF status had no consistent effect on the incidence of sarcomas at the site of neonatal injection of DMBA. The fact that a factor as non‐specific as the difference between normal micro‐biological status and GF status may have such a profound effect on the age‐standardized risk of development of lung and liver tumours in mice, suggests that the term “carcinogen” should not be applied to an agent if the only evidence of relevant activity is that it increases the risk of development of either or both these types of tumour in mice. Possible mechanisms, including immunological mechanisms, by which GF status influences the response to DMBA are discussed and the need for further studies is stressed.
Group‐specific antigen of murine leukemia viruses in mice of low‐leukemic strains
Authors: Abelev G. I. , Elgort D. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of group‐specific antigen of murine leukemia viruses (MuL V‐gs) was studied in mice of low‐leukemic strains: C57BL/6, C57BL/10Sn, BALB/c and others. A rabbit monospecific anti‐MuLV‐gs serum was used for the antigen detection. The analyses were carried out by an indirect immunoradioautography technique which permitted the detection of trace amounts of the antigen. MuLV‐gs was found in the spleen of mice of all strains studied. It was present in mouse embryos as well as in adult animals.
Immunofluorescent study of the group‐specific antigen of murine leukemia viruses
Authors: Lejneva O. M. , Abelev G. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present work a method is described for obtaining monospecific antibodies to the group‐specific antigen of the murine leukemia viruses (MuLV‐gs). This antigen is demonstrated in normal and malignant tissues by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The MuLV‐gs was demonstrated in Rauscher leukemic spleen cells of BALB/c mice and in normal spleen cells of high‐leukemic AKR and some low‐leukemic mice. The MuLV‐gs was shown in cells of methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas and in cells of tumors induced with polyoma virus. The MuLV‐gs was not revealed in III Af mouse sarcoma induced by Rous virus.The specificity of the reaction was confirmed by the specific inhibition of the fluorescence after neutralization of the antibodies by the partly‐purified MuLV‐gs. The results obtained with the immunofluorescence technique coincided with those of agar precipitation analysis.
Studies on cellular immunity to human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Hellström Ingegerd , Hellström Karl Erik , Bill Alexander H. , Pierce George E. , Yang James P. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA colony inhibition technique was used to demonstrate immune reactions mediated by peripheral blood lymphocytes against tumor‐associated (specific?) antigens of human neuroblastomas. Lymphocytes from all of 11 patients carrying actively growing neuroblastomas, as well as lymphocytes from all of 11 patients who were clinically symptomfree after therapy for neuroblastomas, inhibited colony formation of plated neuroblastoma cells. They did not inhibit normal skin fibroblasts derived from the same patients as the tumor cells. A specific colony inhibition of neuroblastoma cells was also seen with lymphocytes from 12 of 16 mothers of children with neuroblastomas and with lymphocytes from some fathers and siblings of such patients. No specific inhibition of neuroblastoma cell colony formation was seen with lymphocytes from patients not having neuroblastomas or from healthy subjects.Serum from six of six patients with progressively growing neuroblastomas, but from none of four patients who were clinically symptom‐free after treatment for such tumors, could block lymphocyte‐mediated colony inhibition of plated neuroblastoma cells. It is suggested that the former sera contained antibodies which could mediate an efferent form of immunological enhancement.