bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azopyrazolobenzylidene Derivatives of 4‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ones. Synthesis of 4‐{[4‐(3,5‐Dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)diazenyl] benzylidene}amino‐2‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐3H‐[1,2,4]‐triazol‐3‐ones.
Authors: Sunagar Vinay A. , Latthe Prashant R. , Badami Bharati V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses and Biological Activities of Novel Triazole Compounds.
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Sheng , Wan Jun , Li Chun‐Li , Li Xue‐Mei , Qu Bin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of New 2‐Phenyladenines and 2‐Phenylpteridines and Biological Evaluation as Adenosine Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Giorgi Irene , Biagi Giuliana , Livi Oreste , Leonardi Michele , Scartoni Valerio , Pietra Daniele 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CdSe Nanocrystal Based Chem‐/Biosensors
Authors: Somers Rebecca C. , Bawendi Moungi G. , Nocera Daniel G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Role of Elemental Fluorine in Nuclear Field
Authors: Groult H. , Lantelme F. , Salanne M. , Simon C. , Belhomme C. , Morel B. , Nicolas F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
“Click Peptide” — A Novel ′O‐Acyl Isopeptide Method′ for Peptide Synthesis and Chemical Biology‐Oriented Synthesis of Amyloid β‐Peptide Analogues
Authors: Sohma Youhei , Taniguchi Atsuhiko , Yoshiya Taku , Chiyomori Yousuke , Fukao Fukue , Nakamura Setsuko , Skwarczynski Mariusz , Okada Takuma , Ikeda Keisuke , Hayashi Yoshio , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of Systemic Proteasome Inhibition as an Immune‐Modulating Agent in Disease
Authors: Mattingly Lauren H. , Gault Ruth A. , Murphy William J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterogeneous Strong Base Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide by Mesoporous Alumina and Sulfated Mesoporous Alumina
Authors: Seki Tsunetake , Onaka Makoto 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1‐(Organoselanyl)‐1‐(organosulfanyl)alk‐1‐enes and 1‐(Organosulfanyl)‐1‐(organotellanyl)alk‐1‐enes
Authors: Yoshimatsu M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First International Consensus on the Methodology of Lymphangiogenesis Quantification in Solid Human Tumors
Authors: Van der Auwera I. , Cao Y. , Tille J. C. , Pepper M. S. , Jackson D. G. , Fox S. B. , Harris A. L. , Dirix L. Y. , Vermeulen P. B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multimediale Unterrichtssoftware ‐ Beispiel: Stickstoff im Ökosystem
Authors: Gulinska Hanna , Burewicz Andrzej 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDIE NUTZUNG DES COMPUTERS beschränkte sich in den 80er Jahren hauptsächlich auf Textverarbeitung, Tabellenkalkulation, Datenbanken und Grafikprogramme. Die 90er Jahre werden entscheidend durch die Entwicklung von Multimedia‐Systemen geprägt. Wesentliches Kriterium für „Multimedia”︁ ist, daß die Vorteile des Computers ‐ insbesondere die Interaktionsmöglichkeiten ‐ mit denen audiovisueller Medien verknüpft werden. Auf diese Weise können z.B. interaktive Lernprogramme mit Videosequenzen und qualitativ hochwertiger Sprach‐/Klangausgabe erstellt werden [1]. Multimediale Programme werden zukünftig nicht nur in den Schulen, sondern auch in der Wirtschaft, der Werbung, dem Fernsehen und der Wissenschaft eine breite Anwendung finden.
Differential expression of Sox2 and Sox3 in neuronal and sensory progenitors of the developing inner ear of the chick
Authors: Neves Joana , Kamaid Andrés , Alsina Berta , Giraldez Fernando 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe generation of the mechanosensory elements of the inner ear during development proceeds in a precise temporal and spatial pattern. First, neurosensory precursors form sensory neurons. Then, prosensory patches emerge and give rise to hair and supporting cells. Hair cells are innervated by cochleovestibular neurons that convey sound and balance information to the brain. SOX2 is an HMG transcription factor characteristic of the stem‐cell genetic network responsible for progenitor self‐renewal and commitment, and its loss of function generates defects in ear sensory epithelia. The present study shows that SOX2 protein is expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner throughout development of the chick inner ear. SOX2 is first expressed in the neurogenic region that gives rise to sensory neurons. SOX2 is then restricted to the prosensory patches in E4 and E5 embryos, as revealed by double and parallel labelling with SOX2 and Tuj1, MyoVIIa, or Islet1. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling showed that SOX2 is expressed in proliferating cells during those stages. By E5, SOX2 is also expressed in the Schwann cells of the cochleovestibular ganglion, but not in the otic neurons. At E8 and E17, beyond stages of sensory cell specification, SOX2 is transiently expressed in hair cells, but its level remains high in supporting cells. SOX3 is concomitantly expressed with SOX2 in the neurogenic domain of the otic cup, but not in prosensory patches. Our data are consistent with a role for SOX2 in specifying a population of otic progenitors committed to a neural fate, giving rise to neurons and hair cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:487–500, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commutation relations for Schramm‐Loewner evolutions
Authors: Dubédat Julien 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSchramm‐Loewner evolutions (SLEs) describe a one‐parameter family of growth processes in the plane that have particular conformal invariance properties. For instance, SLE can define simple random curves in a simply connected domain. In this paper we are interested in questions pertaining to the definition of several SLEs in a domain (i.e., several random curves). In particular, we derive infinitesimal commutation conditions, discuss some elementary solutions, study integrability conditions following from commutation, and show how to lift these infinitesimal relations to global relations in simple cases. The situation in multiply connected domains is also discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐monitoring of blood glucose in type‐2 diabetes: what is the evidence?
Authors: McGeoch Grace , Derry Sheena , Moore R. Andrew 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundThere is a controversy about self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin. Randomized trials are limited in duration, size, and validity.MethodsSystematic search for randomized trials and observational studies published since 1990. For inclusion studies had to report on SMBG in type 2 diabetes managed with oral hypoglycaemic agents and/or diet alone, HbA1c or clinical outcome, have at least 50 patients and be of at least 6 months' duration.ResultsThree randomized trials with 1000 patients were included, though all had interventions differing in the amount of education on SMBG, and in the population studied. The two larger studies had statistically significantly lower HbA1c levels with SMBG. Thirteen observational studies had information on over 60 000 patients. Smaller studies had lower initial HbA1c and showed no association between SMBG and laboratory or clinical improvement. Larger studies tended to have higher initial HbA1c and did show an association between SMBG and laboratory or clinical improvement. Overall, improvement in glycaemic control with SMBG tended to be seen in studies with initial HbA1c above 8%.ConclusionsIt is likely that SMBG is beneficial in some circumstances, for example as an educational tool, for patients with type 2 diabetes not using insulin who have poor glycaemic control. More information is needed at the level of the individual patient, rather than group means, and about timing and frequency of monitoring, response to those results, what constitutes effective patient education, and long‐term clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive feelings and metacognitive judgments
Authors: Clore Gerald L. , Parrott W Gerrod 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn two studies, subjects read and rated how well they understood a poem. Beforehand, however, they had participated under hypnosis in an exercise designed to induce feelings of being uncertain about something. For half of the subjects hypnosis was made salient as a cause for the feelings; for the other half the feelings remained unexplained. The results showed that when left unexplained, the feelings of uncertainty were interpreted by subjects as indications that they did not understand the poem. When attributed to the hypnosis, however, the feelings had no effect on ratings of comprehension. In one experiment, subjects were also studied who were not susceptible to hypnosis, and who, therefore, did not feel uncertain in the first place. The results suggest that just as positive and negative affective feelings serve as information for making evaluative judgments, feelings of certainty and uncertainty serve as information for making cognitive judgments (t. e. judgments of knowing).
Caffeic Acid‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Epinephrine and Dopamine
Authors: Li Nian Bing , Ren Wang , Luo Hong Qun 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA stable electroactive thin film of poly(caffeic acid) has been deposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by potentiostatic technique in an aqueous solution containing caffeic acid. The electrochemical behaviors of epinephrine (EP), dopamine (DA) and their mixture have been studied. The oxidation peaks of EP and DA at the poly(caffeic acid) modified glassy carbon electrode appeared at the same potential, but the anodic peak currents of the mixture of DA and EP were almost equal to the sum of individual anodic peak currents of EP and DA, whereas the cathodic peak current only related to the concentration of DA under appropriate condition. Base on these, the simultaneous voltammetric measurement of EP and DA at the poly(caffeic acid) film modified electrode has been developed. Ascorbic acid (AA) had no interference with the simultaneous determination of EP and DA under the same condition because the oxidative peak potential of AA was less than those of DA and EP. The modified electrode has been satisfactorily used for the simultaneous determination of EP and DA in real samples.
Amperometric Ethanol Biosensor Based on Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Sol–Gel‐Derived Titania–Nafion Composite Film
Authors: Choi Han Nim , Lyu Young‐Ku , Han Jee Hoon , Lee Won‐Yong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractComposite solution of sol–gel‐derived titania and perfluorosulfonated ionomer (Nafion) was used as a solubilizing agent for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) as well as an encapsulation matrix for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) for the fabrication of a highly sensitive and stable amperometric ethanol biosensor. ADH was immobilized within a thin film of CNT–titania–Nafion composite film coated on a glassy carbon electrode. Because of the mesoporous nature of the CNT–titania–Nafion composite film, the present biosensor exhibited remarkably fast response time within 2 s. The presence of CNT in the composite film increases not only the sensitivity of the ethanol biosensor but also the long‐term stability of the biosensor. The present biosensor responds linearly to ethanol in the wide concentration ranges from 1.0×10−5 M to 3.0×10−3 M with the sensitivity of 51.6 mA M−1cm−2. The present biosensor showed good long‐term stability with 75% of its activity retained after 4 weeks of storage in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0.
Improved learning and memory of contextual fear conditioning and hippocampal CA1 long‐term potentiation in histidine decarboxylase knock‐out mice
Authors: Liu Luying , Zhang Shihong , Zhu Yongping , Fu Qiuli , Zhu Yuanyuan , Gong Yingxia , Ohtsu Hiroshi , Luo Jianhong , Wei Erqing , Chen Zhong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSome studies suggest that the histaminergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. However, the results seem to be controversial in many behavioral tasks. In the present study, we used HDC knockout (HDC‐KO) mice to investigate the effects of long‐term histamine deficiency on learning and memory in contextual fear conditioning. We found that HDC‐KO mice exhibited improved contextual fear from 1 day after training and this lasted for at least 14 days when compared with the wild‐type (WT) controls. Cued fear was also improved 2 days after training in HDC‐KO mice. Moreover, injection of histamine (intracerebroventricularly, 10 μg/mouse) immediately after training reversed the improvement in contextual fear conditioning when tested 1 day after training. Electrophysiological data showed that hippocampal CA1 long‐term potentiation (LTP) in HDC‐KO mice was much greater than that in WT mice, and paired‐pulse facilitation decreased 2 h after LTP induction in HDC‐KO mice. In contrast, HDC‐KO mice showed smaller LTP than did WT mice 1 day after training. Hippocampal glutamate levels significantly increased in HDC‐KO mice 1 and 4 days after training. The results indicated that histamine deficiency may improve consolidation of contextual fear conditioning. This improvement may be due to the increased hippocampal CA1 LTP, and presynaptic glutamate release. The relationship between behavior and synaptic plasticity provides support for the involvement of activity‐dependent LTP in learning and memory. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fracture modes under uniaxial compression in hydroxyapatite scaffolds fabricated by robocasting
Authors: Miranda Pedro , Pajares Antonia , Saiz Eduardo , Tomsia Antoni P. , Guiberteau Fernando 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe fracture modes of hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds fabricated by direct‐write assembly (robocasting) are analyzed in this work. Concentrated HA inks with suitable viscoelastic properties were developed to enable the fabrication of prototype structures consisting of a 3‐D square mesh of interpenetrating rods. The fracture behavior of these model scaffolds under compressive stresses is determined from in situ uniaxial tests performed in two different directions: perpendicular to the rods and along one of the rod directions. The results are analyzed in terms of the stress field calculated by finite element modeling (FEM). This analysis provides valuable insight into the mechanical behavior of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications fabricated by robocasting. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Effect of chitosan molecular weight and deacetylation degree on hemostasis
Authors: Yang Jian , Tian Feng , Wang Zheng , Wang Qing , Zeng Yan‐Jun , Chen Shi‐Qian 
Published: May 2007

AbstractComparative studies have been carried out among solid‐state chitosan soliquoid, chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution, and carboxymethyl chitosan physiological saline solution to discover the hemostatic effect of molecular weight (Mw) and deacetylation degree (DA) of chitosan. It was found that solid‐state chitosan and chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution performed different hemostatic mechanisms. When blood mixed with chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution, the erythrocytes aggregated and were deformed. The DA, especially a low DA, in the chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution, had a significant effect on the unusual aggregation and deformation of erythrocytes, compared with the effect of Mw within a range between 105 and 106. However, this phenomenon could not be observed in solid‐state chitosan soliquoid. Solid‐state chitosan with a low DA absorbed more platelets and was more hemostatic. Carboxymethyl chitosan physiological saline solution had nothing to do with the aggregation and deformation of erythrocytes but caused local rouleau. The values of thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen concentration (FIB) were measured after the blood was mixed with solid‐state chitosan soliquoid, chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution, and carboxymethyl chitosan physiological saline solution, separately. The results demonstrated that coagulation factors might not be activated by them. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008
No effect of bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (OP‐1) on the incorporation of impacted bone grafts in a realistic acetabular model
Authors: Buma Pieter , Arts J. J. Chris , Gardeniers Jean W. M. , Verdonschot Nico , Schreurs B. Willem 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) accelerate bone repair in experimental and clinical conditions. Impacted Morsellized Cancellous Bone grafts (MCB) are successfully used to reconstruct bone defects after failed hip implants. The main question in this study was if BMP‐7 (OP‐1) mixed with MCB could accelerate the incorporation of MCB and prevents the formation of a soft tissue interface after remodeling of the MCB. A large loaded defect in the acetabulum of goats was reconstructed with a wire mesh and with MCB or MCB mixed with OP‐1. After 6 weeks, no differences were found in the revascularization process, in the number of osteoclasts resorbing the MCB, and in the thickness and appearance of the fibrous interface between MCB with or without OP‐1. After 6 weeks, enchondral bone had formed in the bone graft layer and on the periosteal anterior and superior rim in the OP‐1 group only. More periosteal bone and more bone in the holes of the mesh had been formed in most OP‐1 goats. Most MCB was replaced by new lamellar bone after 15 weeks in both groups. We speculate that during or directly after impaction most of the OP‐1 is released from the carrier inducing an early effect outside the reconstructive layer at the periosteal side of the acetabulum. Probably most OP‐1 has left the reconstruction by the time new vessels and progenitors reached the bone graft. These results do not support the use of OP‐1 in impaction bone grafting in patients. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Radiation‐induced bystander effects in malignant trophoblast cells are independent from gap junctional communication
Authors: Banaz‐Yaşar Ferya , Lennartz Klaus , Winterhager Elke , Gellhaus Alexandra 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt is controversially discussed that irradiation induces bystander effects via gap junction channels and/or diffusible cellular factors such as nitric oxide or cytokines excreted from the cells into the environment. But up to now the molecular mechanism leading to a bystander response is not well understood. To discriminate between both mechanisms of bystander response, (i) mediated by gap junctional communication and/or (ii) mediated by diffusible molecules, we used non‐communicating Jeg3 malignant trophoblast cells transfected with inducible gap junction proteins, connexin43 and connexin26, respectively, based on the Tet‐On system. We co‐cultivated X‐ray irradiated and non‐irradiated bystander Jeg3 cells for 4 h, separated both cell populations by flow cytometry and evaluated the expression of activated p53 by Western blot analysis. The experimental design was proven with communicating versus non‐communicating Jeg3 cells. Interestingly, our results revealed a bystander effect which was independent from gap junctional communication properties and the connexin isoform expressed. Therefore, it seems more likely that the bystander effect is not mediated via gap junction channels but rather by paracrine mechanisms via excreted molecules in Jeg3 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 149–161, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Central role of interferon regulatory factor‐1 (IRF‐1) in controlling retinoic acid inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I) expression
Authors: Su Zao‐Zhong , Sarkar Devanand , Emdad Luni , Barral Paola M. , Fisher Paul B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRetinoic acid inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I) functions as the first line of defense against viral infection by sensing dsRNA and inducing type I interferon (IFN) production. The expression of RIG‐I itself is induced by IFN‐α/β and dsRNA. To comprehend the molecular mechanism of expression regulation, we cloned the RIG‐I promoter and analyzed its activity upon IFN‐β and dsRNA treatment. Under basal condition, RIG‐I mRNA level and promoter activity were significantly higher in normal cells versus their tumor counterparts. In both normal and cancer cells, RIG‐I expression was induced by IFN‐β and dsRNA. A single IRF‐1 binding site in the proximal promoter functioned as a crucial regulator of basal, IFN‐β‐ and dsRNA‐mediated induction of the RIG‐I promoter. IFN‐β and dsRNA treatment increased IRF‐1 binding to the RIG‐I promoter. IRF‐1 expression was also higher in normal cells than in cancer cells and it was induced by IFN‐β with similar kinetics as RIG‐I. These results confirm that by controlling RIG‐I expression, IRF‐1 plays an essential role in anti‐viral immunity. IRF‐1 is a tumor suppressor and the expression profile of RIG‐I together with its regulation by IRF‐1 and the presence of a caspase‐recruitment domain in RIG‐I suggest that RIG‐I might also possess tumor suppressor properties. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 502–510, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paths extendable to cycles
Authors: Parsons T. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet k be a positive integer, and S a nonempty set of positive integers. Suppose that G is a connected graph containing a path of length k, and that each path P of length k in G is contained in some cycle C(P) of length s ∈ S. We prove that every path of length less than k can be extended to a path of length k in G. This result answers conjectures of Entringer and Reid regarding when certain paths may be extended to cycles.
On the number of cycles of length k in a maximal planar graph
Authors: Hakimi S. L. , Schmeichel E. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet G be a maximal planar graph with p vertices, and let Ck(G) denote the number of cycles of length k in G. We first present tight bounds for C3(G) and C4(G) in terms of p. We then give bounds for Ck(G) when 5 ≤ k ≤ p, and consider in particular bounds for Cp(G), in terms of p. Some conjectures and unsolved problems are stated.
A Note on Sub‐Eulerian Graphs
Authors: Jaeger F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present an algebraic proof of the following result: a set of edges of a multigraph G is contained in some cycle of G iff the set contains no odd cocycle of G (“cycle” means here: edge disjoint sum of elementary cycles). As a corollary we obtain the characterization of sub‐Eulerian graphs given by Boesch et al. [The spanning subgraphs of Eulerian grpahs. J. Graph Theory (1) (1977) 79–84].