bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Addition of Dexamethasone to Standard Therapy for Acute Migraine Headache Decrease the Incidence of Recurrent Headache for Patients Treated in the Emergency Department? A Meta‐analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Alter Harrison J. , Zaia Brita 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives:  Neurogenic inflammation is thought to play a role in the development and perpetuation of migraine headache. The emergency department (ED) administration of dexamethasone in addition to standard antimigraine therapy has been used to decrease the incidence of recurrent headaches at 24 to 72 hours following evaluation. This systematic review details the completed trials that have evaluated the use of dexamethasone in this role.Methods:  The authors searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, recent emergency medicine scientific abstracts, and several prepublication trial registries for potential investigations related to the research question. The authors included studies that incorporated randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled methodology and that were performed in the ED. A fixed‐effects and random‐effects model was used to obtain summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the self‐reported outcome of moderate or severe headache on follow‐up evaluation.Results:  A pooled analysis of seven trials involving 742 patients suggests a modest but significant benefit when dexamethasone is added to standard antimigraine therapy to reduce the rate of patients with moderate or severe headache on 24‐ to 72‐hour follow‐up evaluation (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.95; absolute risk reduction = 9.7%). The treatment of 1,000 patients with acute migraine headache using dexamethasone in addition to standard antimigraine therapy would be expected to prevent 97 patients from experiencing the outcome of moderate or severe headache at 24 to 72 hours after ED evaluation. The sensitivity analysis yielded similar results with sequential trial elimination, indicating that no single trial was responsible for the overall result. Adverse effects related to the administration of a single dose of dexamethasone were infrequent, mild, and transient.Conclusions:  These results suggest that dexamethasone is efficacious in preventing headache recurrence and safe when added to standard treatment for the management of acute migraine headache in the ED.
The Wilms’ tumour suppressor protein WT1 acts as a key transcriptional repressor of the human thromboxane A2 receptor gene in megakaryocytes
Authors: Gannon AnneMarie M. , Kinsella B. Therese 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn humans, the TPα and TPβ isoforms of the thromboxane A2 receptor are transcriptionally regulated by distinct promoters, designated Prm1 and Prm3. Previous investigations identified two upstream repressor regions (URR) 1 and URR2 within Prm1. Herein, it was sought to characterize Prm1, identifying the factor(s) regulating URR1 and URR2 in human erythroleukaemia (HEL) 92.1.7 cells. Genetic reporter assays and 5′ deletions confirmed the presence of URR1 and URR2 but also identified a third repressor, designated RR3, within the proximal ‘core’ promoter. Bioinformatic analysis revealed several GC elements representing putative sites for Egr1/Sp1/Wilms tumour (WT)1 within URR1, URR2 and RR3. While mutation of three GC elements within URR1 and of an adjacent GC element suggested that repressor binding occurs through a cooperative mechanism, repressors binding to the single GC elements within URR2 and RR3 act independently to regulate Prm1. While electrophoretic mobility shift assays and supershift assays demonstrated that each of the GC elements can bind Egr1 and WT1 in vitro, chromatin immunoprecipitations established that WT1 is the factor predominantly bound to each of the repressor regions in vivo. Additionally, ectopic expression of –KTS isoforms of WT1 decreased Prm1‐directed gene expression and TPα mRNA expression. Collectively, these data establish WT1 as a critical repressor of Prm1, suppressing TPα expression in the platelet progenitor megakaryoblastic HEL cells.
RETRACTED: Chemosensitization in non‐small cell lung cancer cells by IKK inhibitor occurs via NF‐κB and mitochondrial cytochrome c cascade
Authors: Jin Xianqing , Qiu Lin , Zhang Dianliang , Zhang Mingman , Wang Ziming , Guo Zhenhua , Deng Chun , Guo Chunbao 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated with mechanistic evidence that parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, could antagonize paclitaxel‐mediated NF‐κB nuclear translocation and activation by selectively targeting I‐κB kinase (IKK) activity. We also found that parthenolide could target IKK activity and then inhibit NF‐κB; this promoted cytochrome c release and activation of caspases 3 and 9. Inhibition of caspase activity blocked the activation of caspase cascade, implying that the observed synergy was related to caspases 3 and 9 activation of parthenolide. In contrast, paclitaxel individually induced apoptosis via a pathway independent of the mitochondrial cytochrome c cascade. Finally, exposure to parthenolide resulted in the inhibition of several NF‐κB transcript anti‐apoptotic proteins such as c‐IAP1 and Bcl‐xl. These data strengthen the rationale for using parthenolide to decrease the apoptotic threshold via caspase‐dependent processes for treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer with paclitaxel chemoresistance.
Volumetric bone mineral density is an important tool when interpreting bone mineralization in healthy children
Authors: Eriksson Susanne , Mellström Dan , Strandvik Birgitta 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn adults, it is well known that gender influences bone mass, but studies in children have shown contradictory results. Also, conflicting results have been reported regarding bone mineral density in obese children.Objective: To investigate bone parameters in healthy 8‐year‐old children and relate them to anthropometry and self‐reported physical activity (PA).Design: Bone measurements were performed with dual X‐ray absorptiometry in 96 children, and questionnaires were used to assess self‐reported PA.Results: Bone mineral content and density differed by gender. Eighteen percent of the children were overweight/obese and they had higher bone mineral content and density than children with normal weight. Bone mineral apparent density (g/cm3) of the lumbar spine did not differ, since the vertebral size differed, as was also the case between genders. Self‐reported weight‐bearing PA influenced bone mass in the hip.Conclusion: PA influenced bone mineralization at this age. The differences in bone mineral content and density in healthy children would mainly be explained by the differences in bone size, reflected in body height and the width of the vertebrae. This indicates the importance of determining volumetric bone mineralization in children.
Self‐esteem in a clinical sample of morbidly obese children and adolescents
Authors: Nowicka P , Höglund P , Birgerstam P , Lissau I , Pietrobelli A , Flodmark C‐E 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: To study self‐esteem in clinical sample of obese children and adolescents.Methods: Obese children and adolescents aged 8–19 years (n = 107, mean age 13.2 years, mean BMI 32.5 [range 22.3–50.6], mean BMI z‐score 3.22 [range 2.19–4.79]; 50 boys and 57 girls) were referred for treatment of primary obesity. Self‐esteem was measured with a validated psychological test with five subscales: physical characteristics, talents and skills, psychological well‐being, relations with the family and relations with others. A linear mixed effect model used the factors gender and adolescence group, and the continuous covariates: BMI z‐scores, and BMI for the parents as fixed effects and subjects as random effects.Results: Age and gender, but neither the child's BMI z‐score nor the BMI of the parents were significant covariates. Self‐esteem decreased (p < 0.01) with age on the global scale as well as on the subscales, and was below the normal level in higher ages in both genders. Girls had significantly lower self‐esteem on the global scale (p = 0.04) and on the two subscales physical characteristics (p < 0.01) and psychological well‐being (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Self‐esteem is lower in girls and decreases with age. In treatment settings special attention should be paid to adolescent girls.
Invasive pneumococcal disease in Danish children, 1996–2007, prior to the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Authors: Winther Thilde N , Kristensen Tim D , Kaltoft Margit S , Konradsen Helle B , Knudsen Jenny D , Høgh Birthe 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to document the epidemiology, microbiology and outcome of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children <16 years with quality surveillance data, just prior to the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) into the Danish routine immunization programme October 2007.Methods: Clinical and microbiological records on cases of IPD in children <16 years admitted to Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark 1996–2007, were retrospectively reviewed.Results: We identified 106 cases of IPD. The annual incidence of IPD was 11 per 100 000 in children <16 years, but considerably higher, 62 per 100 000, in children <2 years. Additionally, of the children with pneumococcal meningitis 86% were <2 years. We observed no fatalities. A total of 10% developed sequelae, but of the patients with pneumococcal meningitis 27% developed sequelae. Nine patients had known risk factors. The Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype was available for 81 cases. Seventy‐five percent of the IPD cases in children aged <2 years were caused by one of the serotypes contained within PCV7, compared to only 24% in children ≥2 years.Conclusion: Our data indicate that an estimated 75% of all IPD cases among children <2 years are caused by PCV7 serotypes and might therefore be prevented by PCV7 vaccination.
Surfactant protein A and D gene polymorphisms and protein expression in victims of sudden infant death
Authors: Stray‐Pedersen Arne , Vege Åshild , Opdal Siri Hauge , Moberg Sara , Rognum Torleiv Ole 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: To investigate the innate immune components surfactant protein A (SP‐A) and D (SP‐D) in victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Methods: Ten common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exons of SP‐A1, SP‐A2 and SP‐D genes were analysed in 42 cases of SIDS and 46 explained sudden infant deaths. SP‐A and SP‐D protein expression in tissue from the aerodigestive tract was semi‐quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Results: SP‐D immunoreactivity was found in lungs and tissue from submandibular gland, palatine tonsils and duodenum. Positive SP‐A immune staining was found exclusively in lung tissue. Neither the allele nor the haplotype distribution of the SP‐A and SP‐D genes was significantly different in SIDS compared to explained deaths. The most common SP‐A haplotype, 6A2/1A0, tended to be overrepresented in the cases with low immunohistochemical SP‐A expression (61%) compared to cases with high expression (49%), p = 0.08. The SP‐D expression was not influenced by the 11 C/T or 160 A/G polymorphisms.Conclusion: No significant association between the common genetic variants of SP‐A and SP‐D and SIDS is disclosed by the present study. However, low SP‐A protein expression may possibly be determined by the 6A2/1A0 SP‐A haplotype, this should be subject for further investigation.
Hyperzincemia and hypercalprotectinemia: unsuccessful treatment with tacrolimus
Authors: Isidor B , Poignant S , Corradini N , Fouassier M , Quartier P , Roth J , Picherot G 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe report on a 5‐year‐old boy with hyperzincemia and hypercalprotectinemia. Treatment began with Tacrolimus at the age of 4 years and 6 months. Despite an initial correction of clinical and biological symptoms, zincemia and calprotectinemia progressively worsened with secondary reappearance of symptoms.Conclusion: Tacrolimus seems to have a transient effect in the treatment of Hyperzincemia and hyperprolactinemia.
Fish intake of Swedish male adolescents is a predictor of cognitive performance
Authors: Åberg Maria AI , Åberg Nils , Brisman Jonas , Sundberg Rosita , Winkvist Anna , Torén Kjell 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: Fish intake is reported to positively influence cognitive performance in infants and the elderly. In a longitudinal cohort study, we evaluated how fish consumption related to later cognitive performance in healthy young male adolescents.Methods: In 2000, all 15‐year‐olds (n = 18 158; 9260 males) in the western region of Sweden were requested to complete an extensive questionnaire with items on diseases, fish consumption and socioeconomic status. Questionnaire data from the male responders (n = 4792, response rate 52%) were linked with records on subsequent intelligence test performance at age 18 from the Swedish Military Conscription Register (n = 3972). Multivariate linear models were used to estimate associations between fish intake and cognitive performance, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: There was a positive association between the number of times having fish meals per week at age 15 and cognitive performance measured 3 years later. Fish consumption of more than once per week compared to less than once per week was associated with higher stanine scores in combined intelligence (0.58 units; 95% confidence interval 0.39, 0.76), in verbal performance (0.45; 0.27, 0.63) and in visuospatial performance (0.50; 0.31, 0.69). The association between fish consumption and the 3 intelligence scores was the same in lowly and highly educated groups. This indicates that education did not influence the association between the frequency of fish meals consumed and cognitive performance.Conclusion: Frequent fish intake at age 15 was associated with significantly higher cognitive performance 3 years later.
Participation in organized weekly physical exercise in obese adolescents reduced daily physical activity
Authors: Hagströmer Maria , Elmberg Karin , Mårild Staffan , Sjöström Michael 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to describe the impact of organized weekly exercise for 13 weeks on aerobic fitness, objectively assessed habitual physical activity and body weight in obese adolescents.Methods: After inclusion and diagnostic evaluation, the adolescents were randomized to either an exercise group or to a control group which lasted for 13 weeks and consisted of a variety of group exercise activities. Out of 47 adolescents 31 (66%) could be evaluated, 16 in the exercise group and 15 in the control group.Results: After the intervention, the exercise group had decreased the daily time spent in moderate activity by 17 (32) min/day (p < 0.05), and the average intensity by 60 (96) counts/min (p < 0.05). A tendency for increased time spent in inactivity was found (37 min/day). No differences were seen in the control group for any of the variables measured.Conclusion: The exercise group showed, in contrast to expectations, a reduction in total daily physical activity with organized physical exercise compared to the control group. This may partly explain the failure of many intervention trials.
Low cerebral blood flow velocity and head circumference in infants with severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and poor outcome
Authors: Ilves Pilvi , Lintrop Mare , Talvik Inga , Muug Külli , Maipuu Lea , Metsvaht Tuuli 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAims: To evaluate long‐term changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and head circumference in asphyxiated infants.Methods: CBFV was measured in 83 asphyxiated and 115 healthy term infants in anterior and middle cerebral, basilar and internal carotid artery (ICA) up to the age of 60–149 days. The psychomotor development and head circumference was followed for 18 months.Results. Mean CBFV was increased (p < 0.05) during the first days after asphyxia in infants with severe hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (n = 25) compared to control group or infants with mild to moderate HIE (n = 58) with maximum values found at the age of 36–71.9 h: in ICA (mean [95% CI]) 31.2 (25.5–36.6) cm/s in severe HIE infants compared to 13.0 (12.2–13.9) cm/s in controls. Decreased (p < 0.0001) mean CBFV developed in severe HIE infants by the age of 21–59 days: in ICA 14.1 (11.5–16.8) cm/s compared to 22.9 (21.4–24.4) cm/s in controls. Infants with severe HIE had similar mean height but lower head circumferences compared to controls (p < 0.05) at the age of 21–59 days.Conclusion: The high mean CBFV found in infants with severe HIE during the first days after asphyxia is temporary and low CBFV and head circumference develops by the age of 21–59 days.
Disease patterns of outpatient visits by Japanese expatriate children in Thailand
Authors: Sakai Rie , Wongkhomthong Som‐arch , Marui Eiji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: To clarify the health‐related conditions of Japanese expatriate children in Thailand.Methods: Records of Japanese children who consulted outpatient clinics at Bangkok Hospital in 2005 and 2006 (n = 2141) were analysed, and then compared with data from the patient survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan in 2005 (n = 575 400).Results: ‘diseases of the respiratory system’, categorized as chapter X under ICD‐10 was the most frequent category in both Thailand and Japan. Although ‘certain infectious and parasitic diseases’ (chapter I) was the second most frequent category in Thailand, it was infrequent in Japan. In the subcategories of ‘diseases of the respiratory system’, ‘acute upper respiratory infections’ was frequent and asthma was infrequent in Thailand. Conversely, ‘acute upper respiratory infections’ showed a low percentage and asthma was the most frequently observed disease in Japan.Conclusion: This study examined Japanese children having the same genetic background but divided into two groups according to different living environments. Results demonstrate that children living in Japan contract asthma more frequently than infectious diseases, whereas those living in Thailand show the opposite trend, which supports the hygiene hypothesis that infections may protect against the development of allergic diseases, such as asthma.
Parental divorce and adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use: assessing the importance of family conflict
Authors: Kristjansson Alfgeir Logi , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora , Allegrante John P. , Helgason Asgeir R 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: To investigate how family conflict contributes to the relationship between parental divorce and adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use.Design: Population‐based cross‐sectional survey.Setting: School classrooms in Iceland in which an anonymous questionnaire was administered to respondents by supervising teachers. Participants were 7430 (81.4%) of 9124 14‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents.Main outcome measure: Cigarette smoking and alcohol use during the last 30 days were assessed by self‐report.Results: Parental divorce was related to adolescent cigarette smoking during the last 30 days (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.84–2.44) when controlling for gender only, but was insignificant (OR = 1.18 95%, CI 0.99–1.44) when controlling for relationship with parents, disruptive social changes and family conflict. There was a significant relationship between parental divorce and adolescent alcohol use during last 30 days (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.48–1.87), controlling only for gender; however, the relationship disappeared (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.91–1.20) when controlling for other variables.Conclusion: Family conflicts are important contributors to the relationship between parental divorce and adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Conflict between parents and adolescents, but not inter‐parental conflict, appears to be the most important factor in the relationship between family conflict and adolescent substance use.
Insulin requirement in preschoolers treated with insulin pumps at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Szypowska Agnieszka , Lipka Maria , Błazik Marlena , Groele Lidia , Pańkowska Ewa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim: The aim of this study is to analyze changes in the basal insulin requirement in preschoolers treated with insulin pump at the onset of T1DM, using system to calculate meal time insulin.Methods: 58 children (31 girls) under 6 years (mean age 3.3 ± 1.5 years) initiated on insulin pump therapy within 2 months after recognition of T1DM and treated at least for 1 year were analyzed during a follow‐up period of 165 patient‐years. Data was collected every 6 months: HbA1c, BMI SDS, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycaemia, total daily insulin dose (TDD) and basal insulin.Results: Basal insulin rose from 10% in the third month and did not exceed 30% of TDD after 12 months (p<0.0001). In the third month, 46% of children were without basal insulin; this group included significantly older children (3.7 ± 1.4 vs. 2.8 ± 1.4 years; p = 0.01), which had lower TDD (0.33 ± 0.18 vs. 0.54 ± 0.23u/kg/d; p = 0.0007) than children with basal insulin. HbA1c persisted ≤7.3%.Conclusion: In preschool children initiated on CSII therapy at the time of T1DM diagnosis the first year of treatment is critical for altering the basal insulin dose. Preschoolers with TDD lower than 0.5U/kg/d may not require basal insulin. Moreover, basal insulin did not exceed 30% of TDD in the first years after T1DM onset.
Psychologists' Clinical Practices in Assessing Dementia in Individuals With Down Syndrome
Authors: Auty Ellen , Scior Katrina 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThere are now ample guidelines for the assessment and diagnosis of possible dementia in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and Down syndrome. However, little is known about their implementation in clinical practice. This study set out to examine the clinical practice of one key professional group, namely clinical psychologists. A national survey of clinical psychologists in ID services in the United Kingdom was undertaken. Detailed descriptions of clinical practice were obtained from 64 psychologists. Responses were further explored in focus groups. The results suggest marked variability in practice, assessment methods, and explanations clinicians give to service users and carers. Clinicians described struggling with the ethics and practicalities of how to present dementia assessments to individuals with ID and highlighted a need for more research, debate, and guidance. They also noted numerous shortfalls in service provision once aging individuals with ID show signs of dementia. Further research and clearer consensus guidelines are needed to improve assessment and diagnosis for this group.
Colleagues' Perception of Supported Employee Performance
Authors: Cramm Jane‐Murray , Tebra Nelleke , Finkenflügel Harry 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe authors investigated whether supported employees are perceived on an equal basis within the workplace by their nondisabled worker colleagues. Three types of social relationships were considered in a workplace context (“work acquaintances,”“work friends,” and “social friends”) in order to examine whether the types of social relationships that develop between supported employees and their coworkers may reveal information regarding the level of equality between them and the level of integration enjoyed by the supported employees. Semi‐structured interviews were held with coworkers of supported employees and were used to determine the extent to which supported employees become socially integrated. Specifically examined was the progression from “work acquaintances” to “work friends” and ultimately to “social friends.” It was found that although all workplace colleagues without disabilities considered supported employees to be at least “work acquaintances,” some of them identified supported employees as “social friends.”