bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Factors Against e‐Cigarette Use Among First Nations People Aged 16–24 in the Next Generation Youth Wellbeing Study
Authors: Heris Christina L. , Graham Simon , Williams Robyn , Banks Emily , Yashadhana Aryati , Davis Katiska , Whitby Justine , Fields Ted , O'Leary Michelle , Ivers Rebecca , Liu Bette , McKay Christopher D. , Eades Francine , Gubhaju Lina , Rahman Tabassum , Joshy Grace , Eades Sandra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIssue AddressedAdolescent e‐cigarette use is increasing and is associated with subsequent smoking. This study examines potential protective factors associated with not vaping among First Nations adolescents in Australia to inform community programs.MethodsThe ‘Next Generation: Youth Wellbeing Study’ is a cohort study of First Nations adolescents aged 10–24 years from urban, rural and remote communities in Central Australia, Western Australia and New South Wales. Analysis of self‐reported vaping from 16 to 24‐year‐olds, collected 2018–2020, using multi‐level mixed‐effects Poisson regression to estimate age‐site‐adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for never‐vaping in relation to various factors.ResultsAmong 419 participants, 65% were female, 75% had never vaped, 49% had never smoked and 82% lived in smoke‐free homes. Never vaping was more common among those who had: never‐smoked (PR = 1.78, 95%CI: 1.56–2.04); never used cannabis (1.89, 1.60–2.24); non‐smoking friends (1.38, 1.26–1.51); good mental health (1.15, 1.01–1.30), never diagnosed with depression (1.21, 1.01–1.46) or anxiety (1.31, 1.08–1.57); and no experiences of racism (1.21, 1.08–1.36), no negative criminal justice system experiences (1.25, 1.11–1.41), or vicarious racism through negative media (1.24, 1.10–1.39).ConclusionsMost First Nations adolescents have never vaped, with potential protective factors being better mental health, no other substance use and fewer experiences of racism and justice system interactions. Comprehensive community adolescent prevention programs are needed to prevent vaping and protect future health, including preventing nicotine addiction and future smoking.So What?Policies and programs must address e‐cigarettes directly as well as structural factors, promoting broader adolescent wellbeing, centring culture and family in a strengths‐based approach.
Exploring Perspectives Towards the Gambling Industry and Its Marketing Strategies Among Young People in Western Australia
Authors: Royce Brooklyn , Crawford Gemma , Francis Louise , Thomas Samantha , Hallett Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIssue AddressedThe gambling industry utilises a range of strategies to attract and retain customers and limit meaningful gambling reform. Industry marketing strategies have demonstrated appeal to young people; however, little is known regarding how young people perceive and engage with gambling and industry marketing strategies in a Western Australian context. Young people's perspectives are vital to effectively respond to the harmful impacts of such commercial determinants on health and social outcomes.MethodsConstructivist Grounded Theory guided data collection and analysis of online group interviews with 25 young people aged 12 to 17 years old residing in Western Australia. Eligible participants received parent or caregiver consent, had lived in WA for at least 5 years, had access to technology, and able to communicate in English.ResultsFive key themes were constructed regarding young people's perspectives towards gambling and industry marketing strategies in Western Australia: exposure to gambling marketing is pervasive and inescapable in multiple environments; industry appeal to young people through culturally valued identities; gambling is normalised and embedded in the everyday; corporate power and government reciprocity protects commercial gambling interests; personalising responsibility for preventing gambling harms.ConclusionThis research provides further evidence about young people's everyday exposure to gambling and the need for comprehensive approaches to protect them from industry marketing.So What?Findings reinforce the ubiquity of young people's exposure to gambling and the highly engaging and sophisticated tactics used by industry to engage young people in their harmful products. Researchers, advocates, practitioners and policymakers can use these findings to further advocate for increased restrictions on children's exposure to gambling marketing.
Insights Into Enterovirus D68 Immunology: Unraveling the Mysteries of Host‐Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Naeem Asif , Bello Muhammad Bashir , Bosaeed Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundEnterovirus D68 (EV‐D68) has emerged as a significant respiratory and neurological pathogen, particularly affecting children with severe respiratory illnesses and acute flaccid myelitis. Understanding the interaction between EV‐D68 and the host immune system is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.ObjectivesThis review aims to examine the immune response to EV‐D68, its mechanisms of immune evasion, and the current progress in vaccine and antiviral development while identifying gaps in knowledge and future research directions.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on the innate and adaptive immune responses to EV‐D68, its strategies for immune evasion, and advancements in therapeutic interventions.ResultsPattern recognition receptors detect EV‐D68 and trigger antiviral defenses, including interferon production and activation of natural killer cells. B cells generate antibodies, while T cells coordinate a targeted response to the virus. EV‐D68 employs mechanisms such as antigenic variation and disruption of host antiviral pathways to evade immune detection. Progress in vaccine and antiviral research shows promise but remains in the early stages.ConclusionsEV‐D68 represents a complex and evolving public health challenge. Although the immune system mounts a robust response, the virus's ability to evade these defenses complicates efforts to control it. Continued research is essential to develop effective vaccines and antivirals and to address gaps in understanding its pathogenesis and immune interactions.ImplicationsA multidisciplinary approach is critical to improving diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for EV‐D68, ensuring better preparedness for future outbreaks.
Paradox in the research of gestational diabetes mellitus and twin pregnancies: Perspective and future directions
Authors: Shu Xinyu , Yao Mi , Li Chenglong , Kang Xin , Juan Juan , Yang Huixia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is well known to be associated with fetal overgrowth and short‐ or long‐term adverse outcomes in singleton pregnancies; however, its relationship with twin pregnancies remains controversial, posing challenges for clinical management. Despite the heterogeneity in GDM diagnosis and racial differences among populations, two critical issues remain unaddressed. The first issue is methodological, specifically whether data on twins have been analyzed using appropriate approaches. The second issue is the underlying pathophysiology'. Given that both glucose demand and insulin resistance are elevated in twin pregnancies, the optimal level of maternal insulin secretion remains uncertain. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on GDM in the context of twin pregnancies, their perinatal outcomes, glucose control, and gestational weight gain management. We then propose methodological considerations for future improvements. Ultimately, we underscore the importance of delving into the glucose requirements of twin pregnancies to gain a profound understanding of their gestational glucose and insulin metabolism. All these questions are key issues in this area, and by answering them we will accelerate the development of high‐quality, evidence‐based clinical guidelines for GDM management in twin pregnancies.
Tropical signalgrass control in hybrid bermudagrass with glufosinate and imazapic tank‐mixes
Authors: Gawron Katarzyna A. , Joseph Mikerly M. , Stauderman Karen , MacDonald Gregory E. , Petelewicz Pawel 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTropical signalgrass (TSG [Urochloa distachya (L.) T.Q. Nguyen]) is difficult to control in Florida turfgrass due to limited herbicide options, perennial life cycle, aggressive growth, and ability to reestablish from stolons and seeds. Field studies in central Florida were conducted in 2022 and 2023–2024 to identify effective herbicide combinations for controlling severe (i.e., ≥50% cover) TSG infestations in a hybrid bermudagrass [BGR Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] athletic field. Application timing (spring/summer [S/S Seq.] vs. fall/winter [F/W Seq.]) and turfgrass recovery were also assessed. Herbicide treatments (topramezone [TPZ; 12 or 18 g ha−1], quinclorac [QNC; 841 g ha−1], amicarbazone [AMC; 175 or 254 g ha−1], imazapic [IMC; 70 g ha−1], glyphosate [GLY; 140 or 280 g ha−1], glufosinate [GLU; 553 or 840 g ha−1], pinoxaden [PNX; 154 g ha−1], thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron [TFH; 355 + 710 + 1105 g ha−1]) were applied alone or combined every 2 weeks for a total of two applications, starting from August 3, 2022 (Study 1) and May 18, 2023, or October 11, 2023 (Study 2; PNX, IMC, and GLU only). In Study 1, only PNX and GLU‐based treatments effectively controlled TSG. Study 2 showed similar results, with IMC plus a low rate of GLU providing similar control to the higher rate of GLU alone. TSG removal was faster in the S/S Seq., but only the F/W Seq. consistently prevented reestablishment. GLU‐based treatments caused rapid, severe BGR injury, though complete regeneration followed within 6–8 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT). Recovery was slower with F/W Seq. in Study 2 compared to Study 1.
Comparative analysis of glycemic outcomes following implementation of a pharmacist‐led insulin management service in postoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients
Authors: Kermeen Sydney , White Brittany , Stowe Alicia , Wilson Christopher 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionPerioperative hyperglycemia is a predictor of mortality in cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) patients. Cardiothoracic surgery patients with diabetes have improved clinical outcomes with maintained glycemic management, including improved hospital length of stay (LOS), surgical site infection risk, and rates of morbidity and mortality. A pharmacist‐led insulin management service was implemented, granting pharmacists autonomy to adjust basal, bolus, and infusion insulin regimens to optimize glycemic management following CTS. Literature evaluating the impact on glycemic management in CTS patients following a pharmacist‐led insulin management service is limited.ObjectiveThe study objective was to compare postoperative glycemic management in CTS patients before and after implementation of a pharmacist‐led insulin management service.MethodsThis retrospective study included adult CTS patients with diabetes with a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 6.5% or greater who received at least 2 basal insulin doses following postoperative intravenous (IV) insulin infusion. The primary outcome was the percentage of blood glucose concentrations within the target range (70–180 mg/dL) until postoperative Day 7 or discharge, if sooner. Secondary outcomes were average daily blood glucose, time to discontinuation of postoperative IV insulin infusion, incidence of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia requiring re‐initiation of an insulin infusion, hospital LOS, and postoperative surgical site infections within 3 months.ResultsA total of 200 patients were included, 100 in each group. Mean percent of glucose checks within target range was higher in the post‐implementation group compared with the pre‐implementation group (60.8 vs. 48.9, p = 0.0004). The post‐implementation group achieved a lower mean daily blood glucose (170 vs. 191, p < 0.0001) and spent fewer days on postoperative insulin infusion (1.24 vs. 1.85, p < 0.0001). There were no differences in the incidence of hypoglycemia, re‐initiation of insulin infusion, LOS, or surgical site infections.ConclusionImplementation of a pharmacist‐led insulin management service was a safe and effective strategy to improve glycemic management in postoperative CTS patients.
Viral Load of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) During Pregnancy and Its Association With HPV Vertical Transmission
Authors: Bénard Eméra Alice , Carceller Ana Maria , Mayrand Marie‐Hélène , Lacroix Jacques , Niyibizi Joseph , Laporte Louise , Comète Emilie , Coutlée François , Trottier Helen ,   The HERITAGE study group
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLittle is known on the dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load during pregnancy and on the impact of viral load on HPV vertical transmission. We described viral loads for several genotypes during pregnancy and analyse its association with vertical transmission. Data were analysed from the HERITAGE study, a cohort of pregnant women recruited between 2010 and 2016 in three centres in Canada. Vaginal samples were collected at the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, placental samples were collected at birth, and conjunctival, oral, pharyngeal, and genital samples were collected in children at birth and 3 months were tested for HPV DNA and viral load by Linear Array essay. The association between viral load and vertical transmission was measured using logistic regression. Odd ratios (ORs) and their 95% Confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for age of the mother. We included women in the cohort infected with the 13 most common genotypes during pregnancy (n = 287). A decrease in HPV viral load was observed during pregnancy (median difference between the third and first trimester of pregnancy = −0.005 copies/cell [p < 0.05]). Women with more than 2 HPV copies/cell (compared to those with ≤ 2 copies) at first trimester had a statistically significant higher risk of vertical transmission (adjusted OR = 6.41; 95% CI: 1.10–37.34 for any genotypes and OR = 17.17; 95% CI: 1.18–250.28 for HPV‐16). Viral load values analysed continuously or categorized with different cut‐offs showed comparable results. HPV viral load varied during pregnancy and was strongly associated with HPV vertical transmission. The results provide a better understanding of risk factors associated with vertical transmission.
Investigating Compound Drought and Hot Extreme Events in Southeast Asia Through Copula Analysis
Authors: Liu Lilingjun , Qin Xiaosheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe concurrent occurrences of drought and extreme heat events, such as heatwaves, present substantial threats to human health and ecosystems. This study delves into a thorough examination of the collective impacts of drought and extreme heat events in Southeast Asia (SEA) over the past 83 years (1941–2023). Two primary definitions guided the investigation: Compound Drought and Heatwave Events (CDHW) and Compound Hot Droughts (CHD). The Wet‐Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) was employed to define heatwaves and extreme hot events, while the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was used for drought definition. In addition, the study explored the impact of linear detrending on copula fitting, assessing its effects. The findings of the study consistently revealed a strong positive correlation between drought and heatwaves in CDHW. On the other hand, CHD exhibited varied correlation patterns across regions. Furthermore, the study highlighted that linear detrending had a lower sensitivity in CDHW compared to CHD. The analysis uncovered significant regional disparities in the joint return period ranking of compound events, stemming from diverse copula analysis approaches. Particularly in non‐continental SEA, notably in some regions like Sumatra Island, a noteworthy distinction between CDHW and CHD emerged, indicating the limited applicability of CHD in scenarios with stringent concurrence of compound events. These insights provide valuable assistance to the research community, aiding in the discernment of the distinctions between CDHW and CHD in drought and heat‐event assessment.
A thorough analysis of surfactant addition effects on the thermophysical properties and stability of nanofluids
Authors: Kadam H. H. , Pise A. T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResearchers are mainly suggesting that optimizing the heat efficiency of thermal apparatus by dispersing nanoparticles into the foundation fluid will boost its heat efficiency in boiling sectors. Many investigators conduct research on factors such as fluid properties, bubble growth and bubble dynamics, heater surface effect, and so forth. However, the problem of deficiency in stability created by nanoparticle sedimentation or agglomeration into the base fluid over time has restricted practicable applications, which has drawn considerable attention in recent years. To overcome that, many researchers used a common technique, the addition of stabilizing agents like surfactants/additives into the nanofluids (NFs) to achieve stability. Understanding the behavior of surfactants in NFs and their effect on various important physical properties of the working fluid is required. In this review, firstly discuss the impact of adding surfactants on the stability of an aqueous solution. Additionally, it provides a concise assessment of how the inclusion of surfactants affects different thermal physical characteristics like interfacial tension, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions or NFs. Finally, it outlines the primary obstacles and challenges encountered by researchers that continue to be areas of focus for future investigations concerning NFs containing surfactants.
Low Back Pain in the Third Trimester: Social Implications for Pregnant Women in Nigerian Suburban Hospitals
Authors: Akobundu Uzoamaka Nwakaego , Obiekwe Sochima Johnmark , Okonkwo Ginika Lovelyn , Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Amaechi Ifeoma Adaigwe , Ihegihu Ebere Yvonne , Ani Nnaemeka Charles , Umunnah Joseph Onuwa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, especially during the third trimester, and can occur as a result of different pregnancy‐related physiological changes.ObjectivesTo examine the social impact of LBP during the third trimester among pregnant women in selected hospitals in Nnewi North, Anambra State, Nigeria.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsPregnant women in their third trimester and attending antenatal care in some selected hospitals in Nnewi were selected conveniently. The participants completed a self‐administered Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), from which their data were obtained, summarized and analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of chi‐square (χ2), respectively. The alpha level was set at 0.05.ResultsA total of 104 women with a mean age and number of pregnancies of 33.89 ± 9.37 and 3.53 ± 1.66, respectively. The mean ODI score was 30.06 ± 17.85, respectively. All the participants revealed that they had LBP, and 39.4% reported pain of moderate intensity. The pain impacted their physical function, social activities and work; 35.6% were unable to walk more than 2 km, and 42.3% experienced increased pain during travel. The numbers of pregnancies, maternal age, occupations and educational level during the third trimester of pregnancy were not significantly associated (p > 0.05) with the severity of LBP.ConclusionLBP has a significant social impact on pregnant women during their third trimester of pregnancy as normal activities such as basic activities of daily living, travelling, sex life, social life and work result in exacerbation of pain. It is necessary to carry out thorough assessments and counselling, provide education on proper ergonomics and incorporate thorough pain management techniques into standard prenatal treatment.
Baroclinic instability‐induced intensification of phytoplankton blooms at submesoscales in eutrophic frontal regions
Authors: Zhao Zhonghua , Oey Lie‐Yauw , Chen Zhaoyun , Huang Bangqin , Xue Huijie , Kao Shuh‐Ji , Cai Feng , Jiang Yuwu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOff‐coast phytoplankton blooms occur frequently in the frontal region of the eutrophic Taiwan Strait during the northeasterly monsoon relaxation period, as consistently revealed by extensive cruise and satellite observations. Realistic model simulations have shown that restratification by frontal baroclinic instability (BCI) plays a crucial role in triggering blooms under nutrient‐rich conditions. This study deciphered the distinct contributions of submesoscale and mesoscale BCIs to bloom development using sensitivity tests of an idealized model of the Taiwan Strait featuring an intense alongshore front with ample nutrients. In three‐dimensional fine simulations with both submesoscale and mesoscale BCIs present, blooms were triggered by the cessation of a down‐front wind. Chlorophyll a was higher in submesoscale front regions than in mesoscale regions, primarily because of the higher upper‐ocean stability resulting from more effective restratification by submesoscale BCI. In three‐dimensional coarse simulations, mesoscale BCI led to relatively lower upper‐ocean stability and weaker blooms following wind relaxation, consistent with those in mesoscale regions in corresponding three‐dimensional fine simulations. In two‐dimensional simulations without submesoscale and mesoscale BCIs, blooms could not be triggered despite the cessation of a down‐front wind, primarily because of the absence of significant near‐surface restratification by BCIs. Furthermore, although symmetric instability was present in two‐dimensional fine simulations, its contribution to blooms was limited because of its minimal restratification effect. These results show that BCIs play the predominant role in triggering off‐coast blooms in eutrophic coastal front regions such as the Taiwan Strait.
A comparative analysis of heat waves over two major urban agglomerations in China
Authors: Wang Xin , Jia Binghao , Li Xiufen , Wang Longhuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHeat waves harm human health and adversely impact the natural environment and society, especially in urban regions. Understanding the differences between heat waves in urban agglomerations and their driving mechanisms is essential for sustainable development. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of summertime heat waves and their association with sea surface temperature modes in two of China's most densely populated urban areas: the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) and the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The results indicate an increase in the frequency of heat waves for BTH and YREB by 0.02 times a−1 and 0.1 times a−1 and duration by 0.09d a−1 and 0.48d a−1, respectively. Regarding spatial distribution, the duration and frequency of BTH heat waves gradually decreased from northeast to southwest. In contrast, the heat waves in YREB were concentrated in the upper and parts of the lower reaches. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation significantly influences heat waves in both the BTH and YREB regions. Nevertheless, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Indian Ocean Basin‐Wide Index, and Cold‐tongue ENSO Index primarily impact heat waves in the YREB region, with limited influence observed in the BTH region. This study provides a scientific basis for accurately identifying heat waves and understanding their changes, assisting decision‐makers in formulating mitigation, adaptation strategies, and disaster prevention policies related to heat‐induced consequences.