bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalizability of neotropical bird abundance and richness models
Authors: Lindell C. A. , Chomentowski W. H. , Zook J. R. , Kaiser S. A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPredicting the consequences of land‐cover change on tropical biotas is a pressing task. However, testing the applicability of models developed with data from one region to another region has rarely been done. Bird faunas were sampled along 3.0‐km routes in southern Costa Rica (Coto Brus) to develop statistical models to describe the abundance and richness of groups as a function of land‐cover characteristics. The relative value of the land‐cover models was assessed by comparing them with null models. The generalizability of the models was tested with data from north‐western Costa Rica (Monteverde) to determine whether the models were applicable to another area that has undergone significant land‐cover change in the last 60 years. The richness and abundance of understory, open‐country and edge non‐insectivore groups showed clear relationships with land‐cover variables, and the land‐cover models had lower prediction errors than the null models for Coto Brus. With one exception, useful models for canopy birds, edge insectivores and hummingbirds could not be developed. The land‐cover models of abundance of canopy insectivores, understory insectivores and non‐insectivores, and edge non‐insectivores were generalizable to Monteverde whereas the land‐cover models of abundance of open‐country birds and species richness for any of the groups were not better than null models for Monteverde. The results indicate that land‐cover models that describe the abundance or richness of various bird groups provide useful predictions in the area where the data were collected and that models of abundance of some canopy, understory and edge birds may perform well in areas that are similar in elevation, life zones and land use to the area from which data were collected. Land‐cover models of the abundance of other groups, and of the richness of the majority of groups, may be less generalizable to other areas, or it may be difficult to develop models at all.
Heating Up the Sources: Using Community Cookbooks in Historical Inquiry
Authors: Nussel Jill 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEven after immigrant women had changed to American dress and began sending their children to public school, the last aspect of life to change was their foodways. One of the ways by which women could stay within their sphere and still find a public voice was through the compilation of a community cookbook that were compiled for the benefit of their churches and a myriad of community organizations. But they were far more than just collections of recipes. A careful examination of charity cookbooks shows how women defined their roles, disseminated hierarchy within their own groups, advised others, dispensed moral teachings to a broader audience, and preserved the best parts of their own heritage for future generations. And in the process, women who probably never would have been published or remembered beyond their family ties have produced artifacts worthy of continued inquiry.
Nationalism and the Spanish Dilemma: The Basque Case
Authors: Sánchez José J. Jiménez 
Published: August 2006

Liberal democracies have been founded on the nation‐state model, which has now entered a state of crisis fundamentally for two types of reasons: the effects produced by globalization and the revival of the model itself. This work deals with the latter. It focuses on the problems that have arisen in Spain as a result of the presentation and approval of the so‐called “Ibarretxe Plan” to the Basque Parliament, in which the Basque people’s right to self‐determination is asserted. The right to self‐determination is the true expression of sovereignty. When claims to sovereignty come from one part of a sovereign state, it creates a problem whose solution depends on how the concept of sovereignty is understood. This study argues that only a rational understanding of sovereignty can provide an adequate solution to the problem, because only this establishes a balanced priority between the recognition of individual rights and the preservation of the identifying elements of every community without the legal‐political system self‐destructing. And how can all this come out well, I thought immediately, that one people—If the Muslims of Bosnia who speak Serbo‐Croat and who belong to Serbian stock, are a people—arbitrarily establish a state in a region where there are two other peoples who had the right, and what is more, the same right, and where there are, moreover, three different ethnic groups all living together, and not only that, without going further, in the capital of various cultures, but in every town and, in the towns themselves, in every house or cottage, they live cheek by jowl. And, again, how would I have behaved myself there, if I had been a Serb in Bosnia, seeing how, to put it politely, the strongest justified a state, to put it politely, that had nothing to do with me, in my, our region? (Handke 1996, 41) [author’s translation]
TWO–PARTICLE–TWO–HOLE EXCITATIONS IN 3He
Authors: KROTSCHECK E. , BÖHM H. M. , SCHÖRKHUBER K. 
Published: August 2006

We describe the development of a systematic theory of excitations in strongly interacting Fermi systems. Technically, we derive the equations of motion for multi–pair excitations from a stationarity principle. This method has, in Fermi systems, so far been developed only to the level of one–particle–one–hole excitations, where it leads to the (correlated) random phase approximation (RPA). We extend the analysis here to pair excitations. Our work is motivated by the fact that time–dependent pair correlations are necessary for explaining the physics of the phonon–roton spectrum in 4 He . It is therefore plausible that the same processes also have visible effects in the excitation spectrum of 3 He . Further motivation is derived from recent measurements of the dynamic structure function in two–dimensional 3 He . We first formulate the theory for a second quantized, weakly interacting Hamiltonian and then generalize the theory to a correlated ground state. We show that the inclusion of Jastrow–Feenberg type correlations leads to prescriptions for calculating weak effective interactions from a microscopic, strongly interacting Hamiltonian.
Prolonged bleeding-free period following prophylactic infusion of recombinant factor VIII reconstituted with pegylated liposomes
Authors: Spira Jack , Plyushch Olga P. , Andreeva Tatyana A. , Andreev Yury 
Published: August 2006

AbstractProphylactic treatment for hemophilia A involves infusion of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates every 2 to 3 days. Liposomes can be efficacious vehicles for medicines, and surface modification by PEGylation can prolong liposome circulation time. When reconstituted with PEGylated liposomes (PEGLip's), recombinant FVIII binds noncovalently but with high affinity to the external liposome surface. This preparation showed prolongation of FVIII half-life and increased protection from bleeding in preclinical models. Here we report a blinded, controlled, crossover, multicenter clinical study that evaluated the time free from bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A during prophylaxis with standard rFVIII (no liposomes) or PEGLip rFVIII (PEGLip reconstituted) at 25 and 35 IU/kg doses. Of 24 enrolled patients, 23 were eligible for efficacy analysis. Mean number of days without bleeds was 7.2 ± 1.7 with standard rFVIII compared with 13.3 ± 4.8 with PEGLip rFVIII at the 35 IU/kg dose and 5.9 ± 1.7 with standard rFVIII versus 10.9 ± 2.9 with PEGLip rFVIII at the 25 IU/kg dose (P < .05 between treatment groups for each dose). PEGLip rFVIII was well tolerated. These data suggest that reconstitution of rFVIII with PEGLip's may reduce the frequency of treatment during prophylaxis.
Humoral immunity is the dominant barrier for allogeneic bone marrow engraftment in sensitized recipients
Authors: Xu Hong , Chilton Paula M. , Tanner Michael K. , Huang Yiming , Schanie Carrie L. , Dy-Liacco Mariano , Yan Jun , Ildstad Suzanne T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe evaluated the relative contribution of the humoral and cellular arms of the immune response to bone marrow cells transplanted into sensitized recipients. We report here for the first time that humoral immunity contributes predominantly to allosensitization. Although the major role for nonmyeloablative conditioning is to control alloreactive host T cells in nonsensitized recipients, strikingly, none of the strategies directed primarily at T-cell alloreactivity enhanced engraftment in sensitized mice. In evaluating the mechanism behind this barrier, we found that humoral immunity plays a critical role in the rejection of allogeneic marrow in sensitized recipients. Adoptive transfer of as little as 25 μL serum from sensitized mice abrogated engraftment in secondary naive recipients. With the use of μMT mice as recipients, we found that T-cell-mediated immunity plays a secondary but still significant role in allorejection. Targeting of T cells in sensitized B-cell-deficient μMT mice enhanced alloengraftment. Moreover, both T- and B-cell tolerance were achieved in sensitized recipients when allochimerism was established, as evidenced by the acceptance of second donor skin grafts and loss of circulating donor-specific Abs. These findings have important implications for the management of sensitized transplant recipients and for xenotransplantation in which B-cell reactivity is a predominant barrier.
Differential effects of recombinant thrombopoietin and bone marrow stromal-conditioned media on neonatal versus adult megakaryocytes
Authors: Pastos Karen M. , Slayton William B. , Rimsza Lisa M. , Young Linda , Sola-Visner Martha C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractUmbilical cord blood (CB) is a valuable source of stem cells for transplantation, but CB transplantations are frequently complicated by delayed platelet engraftment. The reasons underlying this are unclear. We hypothesized that CB- and peripheral-blood (PB)–derived megakaryocytes (MKs) respond differently to the adult hematopoietic microenvironment and to thrombopoietin (Tpo). To test this, we cultured CB- and PB-CD34+ cells in adult bone marrow stromal conditioned media (CM) or unconditioned media (UCM) with increasing concentrations of recombinant Tpo and compared the effects of these conditions on CB-versus PB-MKs. PB-MKs reached highest ploidy in response to UCM + 100 ng/mL rTpo, and the addition of CM inhibited their maturation. In contrast, CB-MKs reached highest ploidy in CM without rTpo, and high rTpo concentrations (> 0.1 ng/mL) inhibited their maturation. This is the first evidence that human neonatal and adult MKs have substantially different biologic responses to Tpo and potentially to other cytokines.
AML1/Runx1 rescues Notch1-null mutation-induced deficiency of para-aortic splanchnopleural hematopoiesis
Authors: Nakagawa Masahiro , Ichikawa Motoshi , Kumano Keiki , Goyama Susumu , Kawazu Masahito , Asai Takashi , Ogawa Seishi , Kurokawa Mineo , Chiba Shigeru 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe Notch1-RBP-Jκ and the transcription factor Runx1 pathways have been independently shown to be indispensable for the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis. Importantly, expression of Runx1 is down-regulated in the para-aortic splanchnopleural (P-Sp) region of Notch1- and Rbpsuh-null mice. Here we demonstrate that Notch1 up-regulates Runx1 expression and that the defective hematopoietic potential of Notch1-null P-Sp cells is successfully rescued in the OP9 culture system by retroviral transfer of Runx1. We also show that Hes1, a known effector of Notch signaling, potentiates Runx1-mediated transactivation. Together with the recent findings in zebrafish, Runx1 is postulated to be a cardinal down-stream mediator of Notch signaling in hematopoietic development throughout vertebrates. Our findings also suggest that Notch signaling may modulate both expression and transcriptional activity of Runx1.
Negative regulation of primitive hematopoiesis by the FGF signaling pathway
Authors: Nakazawa Fumie , Nagai Hiroki , Shin Masahiro , Sheng Guojun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHematopoiesis is controlled by multiple signaling molecules during embryonic and postnatal development. The function of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway in this process is unclear. Here we show that FGF plays a key role in the regulation of primitive hematopoiesis in chicks. Using hemoglobin mRNA expression as a sensitive marker, we demonstrate that timing of blood differentiation can be separated from that of initial mesoderm patterning and subsequent migration. High FGF activity inhibits primitive blood differentiation and promotes endothelial cell fate. Conversely, inhibition of FGFR activity leads to ectopic blood formation and down-regulation of endothelial markers. Expression and functional analyses indicate that FGFR2 is the key receptor mediating these effects. The FGF pathway regulates primitive hematopoiesis by modulating Gata1 expression level and activity. We propose that the FGF pathway mediates repression of globin gene expression and that its removal is essential before terminal differentiation can occur.
An inventory of mucin genes in the chicken genome shows that the mucin domain of Muc13 is encoded by multiple exons and that ovomucin is part of a locus of related gel-forming mucins
Authors: Lang Tiange , Hansson Gunnar C , Samuelsson Tore 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background
Mucins are large glycoproteins that cover epithelial surfaces of the body. All mucins contain at least one PTS domain, a region rich in proline, threonine and serine. Mucins are also characterized by von Willebrand D (VWD) domains or SEA domains. We have developed computational methods to identify mucin genes and proteins based on these properties of the proteins. Using such methods we are able to characterize different organisms where genome sequence is available with respect to their mucin repertoire.

Results
We have here made a comprehensive analysis of potential mucins encoded by the chicken (Gallus gallus) genome. Three transmembrane mucins (Muc4, Muc13, and Muc16) and four gel-forming mucins (Muc6, Muc2, Muc5ac, and Muc5b) were identified. The gel-forming mucins are encoded within a locus similar to the corresponding human mucins. However, the chicken has an additional gene inserted between Muc2 and Muc5ac that encodes the the α-subunit of ovomucin, a protein similar to Muc2, but it is lacking a PTS domain. We also show that the β-subunit of ovomucin is the orthologue of human MUC6. The transmembrane Muc13 gene is in chicken as well as in mammals adjacent to the HEG (heart of glass) gene. HEG has PTS, EGF and transmembrane domains like Muc13, suggesting that these two proteins are evolutionary related. Unlike previously known mucins, the PTS domain of Muc13 is encoded by multiple exons, where each exon encodes a repeat unit of the PTS domain.

Conclusion
We report new mucin homologues in chicken and this information will aid in understanding the evolution of mucins in vertebrates. The fact that ovomucin, a protein not found in mammals, was located in the same locus as other gel-forming mucins provides strong support that these proteins are evolutionary related. Furthermore, a relationship of HEG and the transmembrane Muc13 is suggested on the basis of their biochemical properties and their presence in the same locus. Finally, our finding that the chicken Muc13 is distributed between multiple exons raises the interesting possibility that the length of the PTS domain could be controlled by alternative splicing.
Normal hematopoiesis after conditional targeting of RXRα in murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Ricote Mercedes , Snyder Cynthia S , Leung Ho-Yin , Chen Ju , Chien Kenneth R , Glass Christopher K 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Because of the retinoic acid receptor-α (RARα) gene’s involvement in acute promyelocytic leukemia, the important role of RARs in hematopoiesis is now well established. However, relatively few studies of hematopoiesis have focused on the role of the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), the obligate heterodimeric partners of the RARs. We sought to establish whether conditional targeting of RXRα in early hematopoietic progenitors, ideally to the level of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), would compromise hematopoiesis. For hematopoietic targeting of RXRα, we characterized IFN-inducible MxCre mice for use in studying the role of RXRα in hematopoiesis. We established that MxCre executes recombination of loxP-flanked RXRα in hematopoietic progenitors immunophenotypically enriched for HSC, leading to widespread and sustained targeting of RXRα in hematopoietic cells. However, we found no evidence of hematologic compromise in mice lacking RXRα, suggesting that RXRα is dispensable for normal murine hematopoiesis. Nonetheless, RXRα null bone marrow cells cultured in methylcellulose form colonies more efficiently than bone marrow cells obtained from control mice. This result suggests that although RXRα is not required for murine hematopoiesis, there may be hematopoietic signaling pathways that respond selectively to RXRα or settings in which combined expression of RXR (α, β, and γ) is limiting.
The bone marrow constitutes a reservoir of pericyte progenitors
Authors: Lamagna Chrystelle , Bergers Gabriele 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Adult bone marrow is a rich reservoir of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Mobilization and recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells to injured or ischemic tissue or tumors endorse the initiation and maintenance of angiogenic processes in the adult by incorporating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) into the developing vasculature and by recruiting accessory hematopoietic cells. Recent data have now revealed that the origin of bone marrow-derived vascular cells is not restricted to endothelial cells but also includes pericytes—the perivascular support cells. Several laboratories have now reported the existence of pericyte progenitor cells, and these cells, like EPC, can be mobilized and recruited to the remodeling vasculature under ischemic conditions and in tumors. This review focuses on pericytes in vessel formation and on recent discoveries about their bone marrow origin in the adult.
Identification and characterization of a human monoclonal antagonistic antibody AL-57 that preferentially binds the high-affinity form of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1
Authors: Huang Lili , Shimaoka Motomu , Rondon Isaac J , Roy Illa , Chang Qing , Po Melody , Dransfield Daniel T , Ladner Robert C , Edge Albert S B , Salas Azucena , Wood Clive R , Springer Timothy A , Cohen Edward H 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
LFA-1 (αLβ2) mediates cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesions essential for immune and inflammatory responses. One critical mechanism regulating LFA-1 activity is the conformational change of the ligand-binding αL I domain from low-affinity (LA), closed form, to the high-affinity (HA), open form. Most known integrin antagonists bind both forms. Antagonists specific for the HA αL I domain have not been described. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a human antibody AL-57, which binds to the αL I domain in a HA but not LA conformation. AL-57 was discovered by selection from a human Fab-displaying library using a locked-open HA I domain as target. AL-57 Fab-phage bound HA I domain-expressing K562 cells (HA cells) in a Mg2+-dependent manner. AL-57 IgG also bound HA cells and PBMCs, activated by Mg2+/EGTA, PMA, or DTT. The binding profile of AL-57 IgG on PBMCs was the same as that of ICAM-1, the main ligand of LFA-1. In contrast, an anti-αL murine mAb MHM24 did not distinguish between the HA and LA forms. Moreover, AL-57 IgG blocked ICAM-1 binding to HA cells with a potency greater than MHM24. It also inhibited ICAM-1 binding to PBMCs, blocked adhesion of HA cells to keratinocytes, and inhibited PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation with potencies comparable with MHM24. These results indicate that specifically targeting the HA I domain is sufficient to inhibit LFA-1-mediated, adhesive functions. AL-57 represents a therapeutic candidate for treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
A selective small molecule agonist of the melanocortin-1 receptor inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine accumulation and leukocyte infiltration in mice
Authors: Kang Liya , McIntyre Kim W , Gillooly Kathleen M , Yang Yifan , Haycock John , Roberts Stephen , Khanna Ashish , Herpin Timothy F , Yu Guixue , Wu Ximao , Morton George C , Tuerdi Huji , Koplowitz Barry , Walker Stephen G , Wardwell-Swanson Judy , Macor John E , Lawrence R Michael , Carlson Kenneth E 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIt is well established that melanocortins are peptides that have potent anti-inflammatory activity. Recent research has focused on understanding which of the known melanocortin receptors mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of the melanocortins. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of a synthetic MC-1R agonist. BMS-470539 is a potent, selective, full agonist of human and murine MC-1R with EC50 values in a cAMP accumulation assay of 16.8 and 11.6 nM, respectively. BMS-470539 dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α-induced activation of a NF-κB transcriptional reporter in human melanoma cells, which endogenously express MC-1R. In vivo studies with BMS-470539 demonstrated that subcutaneous administration of BMS-470539 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α production in BALB/c mice. In this model, the compound had an ED50 of approximately 10 μmol/kg and a pharmacodynamic half-life of ∼8 h. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the compound indicated that the compound had a t1/2 of 1.7 h. In a model of lung inflammation, administration of 15 μmol/kg BMS-470539 resulted in a 45% reduction in LPS-induced leukocyte infiltration (an infiltrate comprised primarily of neutrophils). The compound was also effective in a model of delayed-type hypersensitivity, reducing paw swelling by 59%, comparable with that seen with 5 mg/kg dexamethasone. These studies demonstrate that a selective small molecule agonist of the melanocortin-1 receptor is a potent anti-inflammatory agent in vivo and provides compelling evidence for the involvement of this receptor in the modulation of inflammation.