bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of reproductive and trophic eggs and their controlled release by workers in Trigona (Tetragonisca) angustula llliger (Apidae, Meliponinae)
Authors: KOEDAM D. , VELTHAUSZ P. H. , KRIFT T. v. d. , DOHMEN M. R. , SOMMEIJER M. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract.To study the reproductive potential of workers in the stingless beeTrigona (Tetragonisca) angustulaIlliger (Apidae, Meliponinae), we examined the morphological quality of their eggs. Worker‐eggs were all placed on the inside of the upper wall of brood cells. Normally, such eggs are consumed by the queen and are therefore referred to as trophic. The provisioning and oviposition processes in queenright colonies are characterized by the occurrence of circular aggregations of workers, ‘rosettes’, around the broodcell opening immediately after the release of a worker‐egg. The ovaries of 35% of these rosette workers contained mature, chorionated eggs. In a single worker ovary, always only one mature egg was found. Some of the eggs, dissected from the ovarioles, showed a reticulate chorion pattern. Worker‐eggs which lacked this pattern were significantly bigger than patterned eggs. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the patterned worker‐eggs are similar in appearance to queen‐eggs.After a worker‐egg had been removed experimentally from a broodcell, the same cell could be oviposited by a worker again. Light microscopic analysis revealed that all these worker‐eggs lacked the reticulate chorion pattern and were very similar in their morphology. In a colony without a laying queen workers laid eggs which had a reticulate pattern on the chorion. Since these eggs developed into males, we assume that the pattern on the chorion is characteristic for reproductive eggs. We also assume that the queen prevents the release of reproductive eggs by the workers. However, she does not inhibit the development of this type of egg.
Short‐and long‐term sperm precedence in the beetle Tenebrio molitor: a test of the ‘adaptive sperm removal’ hypothesis
Authors: SIVA‐JOTHY MICHAEL T. , BLAKE DAVID EARLE , THOMPSON JILL , RYDER JONATHAN J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Sperm removal in Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) has been proposed as an adaptation to sperm competition and has been documented when the remating interval between successive copulations is short, but not when it is long (Gage, 1992). If sperm removal is adaptive, it follows that there should be different fertilization outcomes from double matings with different remating intervals.Sperm precedence patterns were assessed using reciprocal double matings of normal and γ‐irradiated (sterile) virgin males of controlled size and age with virgin females of controlled size and age.Immediate last male sperm precedence was high whether the remating interval was short (<10 min) (P2,= 0.89) or long (24h) (P2= 0.92).Sperm precedence in eggs laid in a 16‐day period after the last copulation showed no difference in the pattern of change between females with short and long remating intervals.By examining the aedeagus of males we show that sperm are removed at the end of copulation by the first and the second male to mate with a virgin female regardless of whether the remating interval is short or long.We conclude that sperm removal is unlikely to be the primary mechanism by which males gain such high levels of last male sperm precedence.
Variation in temperature and dietary nitrogen affect performance of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.)
Authors: LINDROTH RICHARD L. , KLEIN KARI A. , HEMMING JOCELyN D. C. , FEUKER ANITA M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. . The independent and interactive effects of temperature and dietary nitrogen content on performance of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) were examined. In long‐term feeding trials, larvae were reared from egg hatch to pupation on low (1.5%) and high (3.7% dry weight) nitrogen diets, under three temperature regimes. Short‐term feeding trials with fourth instars and the same treatments were conducted in order to calculate nutritional indices.Higher temperatures did not influence larval survival and marginally increased final pupal weights, but strongly decreased long‐term development rates. They also accelerated short‐term growth and consumption rates, and tended to improve food processing efficiencies. High concentrations of dietary nitrogen increased survival rates and final pupal weights markedly, but decreased long‐term development rates only marginally. A high content of dietary nitrogen also accelerated short‐term development and growth rates, reduced consumption rates, and improved food digestibility. Insects responded to low nitrogen‐content diets primarily by eating faster, rather than by altering efficiency of nitrogen use. In the short‐term feeding trials, thermal regime and dietary nitrogen interacted to influence growth rates, overall food processing efficiencies and nitrogen consumption rates. No interactive effects were observed in long‐term studies.This research demonstrates that small changes in thermal regime and ecologically relevant variation in dietary nitrogen content can strongly affect gypsy moth performance. Moreover, various performance parameters are differentially sensitive to the direct and interactive effects of temperature and diet.
Temporal occurrence of the pupal melanization reducing factor during development of the butterfly, Inachis io
Authors: STARNECKER G. , BÜCKMANN D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. . In prepupae of Inachis io L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), a pupal melanization reducing factor (PMRF) which controls morphological colour adaptation (Bückmann & Maisch, 1987) is located in the brain, suboesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and all abdominal ganglia and their closely associated neurohaemal organs (Stamecker et al, 1994)In animals adapted to a yellow background, PMRF content decreased in all these ganglia complexes during the prepupal stage which may be due to a release of the hormone at the critical period of the melanization reducing effect. The release of PMRF apparently occurs in a slow, but continuous, manner and may be superimposed by an incessant PMRF production at the same time recognizable by reincreasing melanization scores towards the end of prepupal and beginning of pupal stage. Therefore PMRF content in ganglia were not completely exhausted. When animals were kept on a black background, such a decline of PMRF content did not occur in both posterior ganglia complexes, whereas values from brain‐suboesophageal ganglion complexes were too variable.The target cells seem to be sensitive to PMRF treatment over a wide time range of nearly 20 h from the early stage of spinning a silk mat to 13‐h‐old prepupae for the melanization reducing effect.PMRF activity was also detected in first‐instar larvae and in the nervous system of third‐instar larvae as well as in pupae which had completed their pigmentation. Furthermore, all three parts of the adult body still contained PMRF. Possibly PMRF may have functions in larval and adult stages in addition to its effect on morphological colour adaptation.
Tarsal chemoreceptors and oviposition behaviour of the cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) sensitive to fractions and new compounds of host‐leaf surface extracts
Authors: ROESSINGH PETER , STÄDLER ERICH , BAUR ROBERT , HURTER JAKOB , RAMP THOMAS 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Contact chemoreception plays a decisive role in host selection and oviposition behaviour of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum L. (Diptera, Anthomyiidae). Glucosinolates (mustard oil glucosides) are known to be perceived by the flies, and when sprayed on paper leaf‐models induce oviposition. Recently it has become clear that other non‐volatile types of compounds must also be involved in host selection.A pair of ventro‐medial C sensilla on die fifth tarsomere respond strongly to a novel compound called tentatively ‘cabbage identification factor’ (CIF), but not to sucrose, glucose, fructose and proline. CDF is a new non‐glucosinolate oviposition stimulant. A single neurone in each sensillum is activated by this compound and the same is true for glucosinolates. In some flies a mixture of bom types of stimuli evoked an apparent mononeural spike train, whereas in odiers spikes of two separate cells were activated. The significance of this variability is not yet clear.The new stimulant, CIF, does not evoke responses in glucosinolate receptors in the D sensilla. The involvement of the C3 sensilla in the detection of host‐specific compounds constitutes the first known function for C sensilla in D. radicum. CIF appears to be present in leaf surface extracts from the host‐plant Brassica oleracea in quantities as low as 1 ng per gram leaf. In spite of this low level, it stimulates oviposition significantly better than glucobrassicin at higher concentrations, which up till now was known as the most powerful stimulant for D.radicum.
Juvenile Hormone biosynthesis and utilization of farnesoic acid during the final larval stadium of the ring‐legged earwig
Authors: III JOHN G. LUNZ , RANKIN SUSAN M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The regulation of Juvenile Hormone (JH) HI biosynthesis and release by the corpora allata (CA) was studied in final instar male and female larvae of the earwig, Euborellia annulipes, using a radiochemical assay in vitro. In males, maximal biosyntiiesis of JH IH occurred on day 1, then declined to virtually undetectable levels for the following 12 days of the stadium, and finally increased on days 14–16. In females, peaks of biosynthesis were detected on days 0–1 and on day 12. A further investigation of the 12‐day‐old larvae demonstrated mat in nonmoulting males and females, JH UJ biosynthesis was undetectable. However, for males and females undergoing ecdysis, the biosynthesis of JH III was detected and quantified.The addition of 60 μM farnesoic acid to the incubation medium significantly increased the production of JH III by CA taken from females from day 8 until the end of the stadium. Glands from 12‐day old females that had initiated ecdysis were stimulated by farnesoic acid. By contrast, we could detect no stimulation of production of JH III by farnesoic acid in CA taken from males, even very late in the stadium. CA from newly emerged adult males and females were more active than those of larvae, and were greatly stimulated by farnesoic acid. CA from females immediately after emergence were stimulated significantly more by farnesoic acid man were glands from newly emerged males. These results suggest fundamental differences in the synmetic activity of CA for males and females in this insect.
Mefenoxam sensitivity and fitness analysis of Phytophthora nicotianae isolates from nurseries in Virginia, USA
Authors: Hu J. H. , Hong C. X. , Stromberg E. L. , Moorman G. W. 
Published: March 2008

Mefenoxam is one of the most commonly used fungicides for managing diseases caused by Phytophthora spp. on ornamentals. The objectives of this study were to determine whether Phytophthora nicotianae, a destructive pathogen of numerous herbaceous annual and perennial plant species in nurseries, has developed resistance to mefenoxam, and to evaluate the fitness of mefenoxam‐resistant isolates. Ninety‐five isolates of P. nicotianae were screened for sensitivity to mefenoxam on 20% clarified V8 agar at 100 a.i. µg mL−1. Twenty‐five isolates were highly resistant to this compound with EC50 values ranging from 235·2 to 466·3 µg mL−1 and four were intermediately resistant with EC50 values ranging from 1·6 to 2·9 µg mL−1. Sixty‐six isolates were sensitive with EC50 values less than 0·04 µg mL−1. Nine resistant and seven sensitive isolates were tested for mefenoxam sensitivity on Pelargonium × hortorum cv. White Orbit. Mefenoxam provided good protection of pelargonium seedlings from colonization by sensitive isolates, but not by any resistant isolates. Four resistant and four sensitive isolates were compared for fitness components and their relative competitive ability on Lupinus Russell Hybrids in the absence of mefenoxam. Resistant isolates outcompeted sensitive ones within 3 to 6 sporulation cycles on lupin seedlings, regardless of their initial proportions in mixed zoospore inoculum. Resistant isolates exhibited greater infection rate and higher sporulation ability than sensitive ones when they were applied separately onto lupins. These results suggest that fungicide resistance may pose a serious challenge to the continued effectiveness of mefenoxam as a control option for nursery growers.
Identification of indole glucosinolate breakdown products with antifeedant effects on Myzus persicae (green peach aphid)
Authors: Kim Jae Hak , Lee Byong Won , Schroeder Frank C. , Jander Georg 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe cleavage of glucosinolates by myrosinase to produce toxic breakdown products is a characteristic insect defense of cruciferous plants. Although green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) are able to avoid most contact with myrosinase when feeding from the phloem of Arabidopsis thaliana, indole glucosinolates are nevertheless degraded during passage through the insects. A defensive role for indole glucosinolates is suggested by the observation that atr1D mutant plants, which overproduce indole glucosinolates, are more resistant to M. persicae, whereas cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double mutants, which lack indole glucosinolates, succumb to M. persicae more rapidly. Indole glucosinolate breakdown products, including conjugates formed with ascorbate, glutathione and amino acids, are elevated in the honeydew of M. persicae feeding from atr1D mutant plants, but are absent when the aphids are feeding on cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double mutants. M. persicae feeding from wild‐type plants and myrosinase‐deficient tgg1 tgg2 double mutants excrete a similar profile of indole glucosinolate‐derived metabolites, indicating that the breakdown is independent of these foliar myrosinases. Artificial diet experiments show that the reaction of indole‐3‐carbinol, a breakdown product of indol‐3‐ylmethylglucosinolate, with ascorbate, glutathione and cysteine produces diindolylmethylcysteines and other conjugates that have antifeedant effects on M. persicae. Therefore, the post‐ingestive breakdown of indole glucosinolates provides a defense against herbivores such as aphids that can avoid glucosinolate activation by plant myrosinases.
Heteromeric K+ channels in plants
Authors: Lebaudy Anne , Hosy Eric , Simonneau Thierry , Sentenac Hervé , Thibaud Jean‐Baptiste , Dreyer Ingo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryVoltage‐gated potassium channels of plants are multimeric proteins built of four α‐subunits. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, nine genes coding for K+ channel α‐subunits have been identified. When co‐expressed in heterologous expression systems, most of them display the ability to form heteromeric K+ channels. Till now it was not clear whether plants use this potential of heteromerization to increase the functional diversity of potassium channels. Here, we designed an experimental approach employing different transgenic plant lines that allowed us to prove the existence of heteromeric K+ channels in plants. The chosen strategy might also be useful for investigating the activity and function of other multimeric channel proteins like, for instance, cyclic‐nucleotide gated channels, tandem‐pore K+ channels and glutamate receptor channels.
Generation of a 3D indexed Petunia insertion database for reverse genetics
Authors: Vandenbussche Michiel , Janssen Antoine , Zethof Jan , Van Orsouw Nathalie , Peters Janny , Van Eijk Michiel J.T. , Rijpkema Anneke S. , Schneiders Harrie , Santhanam Parthasarathy , De Been Mark , Van Tunen Arjen , Gerats Tom 
Published: March 2008

SummaryBLAST searchable databases containing insertion flanking sequences have revolutionized reverse genetics in plant research. The development of such databases has so far been limited to a small number of model species and normally requires extensive labour input. Here we describe a highly efficient and widely applicable method that we adapted to identify unique transposon‐flanking genomic sequences in Petunia. The procedure is based on a multi‐dimensional pooling strategy for the collection of DNA samples; up to thousands of different templates are amplified from each of the DNA pools separately, and knowledge of their source is safeguarded by the use of pool‐specific (sample) identification tags in one of the amplification primers. All products are combined into a single sample that is subsequently used as a template for unidirectional pyrosequencing. Computational analysis of the clustered sequence output allows automatic assignment of sequences to individual DNA sources. We have amplified and analysed transposon‐flanking sequences from a Petunia transposon insertion library of 1000 individuals. Using 30 DNA isolations, 70 PCR reactions and two GS20 sequencing runs, we were able to allocate around 10 000 transposon flanking sequences to specific plants in the library. These sequences have been organized in a database that can be BLAST‐searched for insertions into genes of interest. As a proof of concept, we have performed an in silico screen for insertions into members of the NAM/NAC transcription factor family. All in silico‐predicted transposon insertions into members of this family could be confirmed in planta.
Interplay of miR164, CUP‐SHAPED COTYLEDON genes and LATERAL SUPPRESSOR controls axillary meristem formation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Raman Smita , Greb Thomas , Peaucelle Alexis , Blein Thomas , Laufs Patrick , Theres Klaus 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAerial architecture in higher plants is established post‐embryonically by the inception of new meristems in the axils of leaves. These axillary meristems develop into side shoots or flowers. In Arabidopsis, the NAC domain transcription factors CUP SHAPED COTYLEDON1 (CUC1), CUC2 and CUC3 function redundantly in initiating the shoot apical meristem and establishing organ boundaries. Transcripts of CUC1 and CUC2 are targeted for degradation by miR164. In this study, we show that cuc3‐2 mutants are impaired in axillary meristem initiation. Overexpression of miR164 in the cuc3‐2 mutant caused an almost complete block of axillary meristem formation. Conversely, mir164 mutants and plants harbouring miR164‐resistant alleles of CUC1 or CUC2 developed accessory buds in leaf axils. Collectively, these experiments reveal that, in addition to CUC3, redundant functions of CUC1 and CUC2 as well as miR164 regulation are required for the establishment of axillary meristems. Studies on LAS transcript accumulation in mir164 triple mutants and cuc3‐2 plants overexpressing miR164 suggest that regulation of axillary meristem formation by miR164 is mediated through CUC1 and CUC2, which in turn regulate LAS.
The oomycete response gene LURP1 is required for defense against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Knoth Colleen , Eulgem Thomas 
Published: March 2008

Summary LURP1 is a member of the LURP cluster and the PR1 regulon, two previously defined sets of co‐expressed Arabidopsis thaliana genes that share a pronounced upregulation in response to infections by the pathogenic oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica. LURP1 shows the most extreme transcriptional inducibility by H. parasitica of all LURP and PR1 regulon genes. Using insertion mutants we found that LURP1 is required for full basal defense to H. parasitica and resistance to this pathogen mediated by the R‐proteins RPP4 and RPP5. The LURP1 protein shows no obvious similarity to proteins of known molecular function. We identified a 39‐bp region of the LURP1 promoter that mediates reporter gene expression in response to H. parasitica and salicylic acid. This promoter region contains a W box motif, WLURP1, that interacts in vitro with nuclear factors producing two separate DNA‐binding patterns. WLURP1‐related sequences are strongly enriched in the promoters of the PR1 regulon, suggesting a role for this motif in the coordinated expression of genes inducible by H. parasitica and related defense conditions.
Excessive Trichilemmal Keratinisation (flame follicles) In Endocrine Skin Disorders Of The Dog
Authors: Scott Danny W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Excessive trichilemmal keratinisation (flame follicle formation) was observed in the skin biopsies from 61 of 403 (15.1 %) dogs with endocrine skin disease. Flame follicles occurred in dogs with hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, hyposomatotropism, Sertoli's cell neoplasm with feminisation and castration‐responsive dermatosis. Flame follicles appeared to be a specific histopathological indicator of endocrine skin disease, as they were not observed in the skin biopsies from 2,865 dogs with non‐endocrine skin disease. They do not, however, indicate a specific endocrinopathy.Résumé— Une kératinisation pilo‐folliculaire excessive (follicules en “flamme”) a été observée sur les biopsies de peau provenant de 61 chiens sur 403 (15.1%) atteints de dermatose d'origine endocrinienne. Des follicules en “flamme” ont été notés chez des chiens souffrant d'hypothyroidie, d'hypercorticisme, d'hyposomatotropisme, de sertolinome avec féminisation et de dermatose répondant à la castration. Les follicules en “flamme” représentent un signe histologique spécifique d'une dermatose d'origine endocrinienne car, ils n'ont pas été observés sur les biopsies de peau provenant de 2,865 chiens atteints de dermatose d'origine non endocrinienne. Toutefois, ils n'indiquent pas une endocrinopathie particuliere.Zusammenfassung— Eine exzessive trichilemmale Keratinisierung (Flammenfollikel) wurde bei Hautbiopsien von 61 von 403 (15,1%) Hunden mit endokrinen Hauterkrankungen festgestellt. Diese “Flammenfollikel” traten bei Hunden mit Hypothyrose, Hyperadrenocortizismus, Hyposomatotropismus, Sertolizelitumoren mit Feminisierung und bei durch Kastration zu beeinflussenden Dermatosen auf.Sie scheinen ein spezifischer histopathologischer Indikator für endokrine Hauterkrankungen zu sein, da sie in Hautbiopsien von 2865 Hunden mit nicht‐endokrinen Hauterkrankungen nicht festgestellt werden konnten. Sie geben allerdings keinen Hinweis auf eine spezifische Endokrinopathie.
Food Allergy In Dogs And Cats. A Review and Report of 43 Cases
Authors: CARLOTTI DIDIER N. , REMY ISABELLE , PROST CHRISTINE 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— The literature on food allergy in dogs and cats is reviewed and 33 cases in dogs and 10 cases in cats, seen in Aquitaine, France, are described. Clinical aspects, diagnosis and aetiology are emphasised and compared with published data.Résumé— Cet article fait la synthèse des données bibliographiques concernant l'allergie alimentaire chez le chien et le chat. Puis les auteurs présentent 33 cas de la maladie chez le chien et 10 cas chez le chat, observés en Aquitaine (France). Les aspects cliniques, diagnostiques et étiologiques sont soulignés et comparés aux données de la littérature.Zusammenfassung— In diesem Artikel wird ein Rückblick über die Futtermittel‐allergie bie Hund und Katze in der Literatur gegeben. 33 Fälle dieser Erkrankung bei Hunden und 10 bei Katzen in Aquitanien, Frankreich, werden beschrieben. Klinische Aspekte, Diagnostik und Ätiologie werden herausgestellt und mit den Literaturangaben verglichen.Resumen  Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica de la alergia alimentaria en el perro y en el gato. A continuación se presentan los datos clinicos de 33 casos de alergia alimentaria en perros y de 10 casos de alergia alimentaria en gatos, diagnosticados en Aquitania, Francia. Se describen los signos clinicos, el diagnóstico y la etiologia y se comparan éstos con los descritos en la bibliografia.