bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation and Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy As First-Line Treatment of Primary CNS Lymphoma
Authors: Illerhaus Gerald , Marks Reinhard , Ihorst Gabriele , Guttenberger Roland , Ostertag Christoph , Derigs Günther , Frickhofen Norbert , Feuerhake Friedrich , Volk Benedikt , Finke Jürgen 
Published: July 2006

Purpose To improve survival and reduce toxicity in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) treatment, we conducted a multicenter phase II study with early high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) followed by hyperfractionated whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for newly diagnosed PCNSL patients younger than 65 years of age. Patients and Methods Chemotherapy included three steps: three cycles of methotrexate (8 g/m2); cytarabine (AraC; two doses of 3 g/m2) and thiotepa (40 mg/m2) followed by stem-cell harvest; HDT with carmustine (400 mg/m2) and thiotepa (two doses of 5 mg/kg body weight) followed by ASCT. WBRT (45 Gy, two doses of 1 Gy/d) was administered for consolidation. Results Thirty patients with PCNSL younger than 65 years of age (median, 54 years; range, 27 years to 64 years) were enrolled (nine pilot-phase; 21 phase II). Twenty-eight patients responded to methotrexate: six patients with complete remission (CR), 15 patients with partial remission (PR), and seven patients with stable disease (SD) with clinical improvement. Of 26 patients proceeding to AraC and thiotepa, 10 patients achieved CR, 14 patients achieved PR, one patient experienced SD with clinical improvement, and one patient suffered disease progression. Twenty-three patients received HDT plus ASCT, resulting in 15 patients with CRs and eight patients with PRs. After WBRT, 21 of 21 patients had CRs. One patient died from liver failure after methotrexate. HDT was well tolerated apart from WHO grade 3/4 cytopenia. With a median follow-up of 63 months (range, 4 months to 84 months), 5-year overall survival probability is 69% for all patients and 87% for the 23 patients receiving HDT plus ASCT. The 5-year probability of relapse-related death is 21% for all patients (n = 30) and 8.7% for patients treated with HDT plus ASCT (n = 23). Conclusion Sequential systemic methotrexate and AraC and thiotepa followed by HDT plus ASCT and hyperfractionated WBRT is very effective with little toxicity as initial therapy for PCNSL.
Photoinduced Electron-transfer from Thiols to [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Miyashita Tokuji , Matsuda Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The quenching of photoexcited [Ru(bpy)3]2+ by water–soluble thiols was studied by steady-state and time-resolved measurements. 2-Mercaptobenzoic acid and 4-mercaptopyridine which give the delocalized thiolate ions in water quenched [Ru(bpy)3]2+* effectively, and [Ru(bpy)3]+ was formed by the quenching. No quenching occurred with cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol.
Preparation of Cs2ZrY(PO4)3 and Related New Compounds
Authors: Ono Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
New compounds have been prepared with the chemical formula A2ZrM(PO4)3 with A=K, Rb or Cs and M=Y or In. X-Ray diffraction data can be indexed based on a cubic cell with a langbeinite-type structure. CsTi2(PO4)3 could not be obtained but CsTi3P5O19 was synthesized between 1100–1275°C. It crystallized with a space group C2/c or Cc with Z=4.
The Crystal Structure of 3a,5,6a-Triphenyl-3,3a-dihydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-2,6(6aH)-dione
Authors: Mataka Shuntaro , Uehara Kazuko , Takahashi Kazufumi , Tashiro Masashi , Yoshihira Kunitoshi , Kawazoe Kayoko , Sato Sadao , Tamura Chihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure of 3a,5,6a-triphenyl-3,3a-dihydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-2,6(6aH)-dione in the crystalline state was determined by X-ray analysis. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2/a, a=16.606(8), b=7.314(2), c=16.295(9)Å, β=111.67(4), z=4. The final R value was 0.067 for 2453 reflections.
Reactions of Trimethylsilylmethyl Azide with Aromatic Acid Derivatives Catalyzed by Fluoride Ion
Authors: Nishiyama Kozaburo , Mikuni Hiroyuki , Harada Mari 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The treatment of an aromatic acid halide with trimethylsilylmethyl azide (TMSMA) in the presence of potassium fluoride and crown ether gave triazine, methanediamine, and benzamide derivatives, while the reaction of acid anhydride with TMSMA gave tertiary amine together with methanediamine and benzamide under similar conditions.
Cation-binding Properties of Ionophorous Cyclic Octapeptide in Acetonitrile Solution
Authors: Shimizu Toshimi , Tanaka Yoshio , Tsuda Keishiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Complex formation of synthetic cyclic octapeptide, cyclo[Gly–l-Lys(Z)–Sar–l-Pro]2, with alkali and alkaline earth metal ion was investigated by CD and NMR spectroscopy. Titration curves obtained from CD data revealed three kinds of CGLSP2(P)/cation(C) complexes. P2C (“peptide sandwich”), PC (“1:1”), and PC2 (“cation sandwich”) complexes occurred in the complexation between CGLSP2 and Ba2+. In the presence of Li+, Mg2+, or Ca2+, the existence of PC and PC2 was assumed. K+ and Na+ form only a PC species with CGLSP2. By analyzing the titration curves, 1 :1 complex-formation constants (K1) were evaluated. The K1 values decrease in the order Ba2+&gt;Ca2+&gt;Mg2+&gt;Li+&gt;&gt;Na+, K+. 1H- and 13C-NMR data showed that CGLSP2 in acetonitrile exists in at least five different conformational states in a free state. A predominant conformer had a C2-symmetric structure containing two cis Lys–Sar peptide bonds. After the addition of equimolar amounts of Ba(ClO4)2, these conformations converged into a single C2-symmetric one with all-trans peptide bonds. This corresponds to a PC species. On further addition of the salt, CGLSP2 changed the conformation into an asymmetric structure with one cis Lys–Sar peptide bond. This corresponds to a PC2 species.
Brillouin Scattering of Supercooled Liquids. II. Diisobutyl Phthalate
Authors: Koda Shinobu , Hashitani Ryuki , Nomura Hiroyasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Brillouin scattering spectra of diisobutyl phthalate were measured over a wide range of temperatures. The sound velocity dispersion was observed in the GHz region in a temperature range between 240 and 340 K. We concluded that the sound dispersion of the sample was attributed to the structural relaxation of a supercooled liquid. The relaxation curve of the longitudinal modulus was obtained by a superposition method and could be analyzed using a generalized B.E.L. model with a parameter of K=0.3–0.5. The viscoelastic relaxation in the GHz region was found to have a narrower distribution of relaxation times than in the MHz region.
Na+/H+ Ion-exchange Process on Layered Hydrous Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Sasaki Takayoshi , Watanabe Mamoru , Komatsu Y\={u} , Fujiki Yoshinori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Na+/H+ ion-exchange on layered hydrous titanium dioxide, H2Ti4O9·1.2–1.3H2O, has been studied from chemical and structural aspects. The ion-exchange reaction proceeded stepwise through two stages [0–50%, 50–72% conversion]. In stage I a discontinuous change in interlayer distance took place and the 1/2-exchanged phase with a widened interlayer distance appeared. The exchange in stage II proceeded via a solid solution and resulted in the 3/4-exchanged phase. The variation in unit cell dimensions indicates that these partially exchanged phases were formed by swelling the spacing of adjacent [Ti4O92−]n sheets. The structural and the thermoanalytical data can be interpreted on the basis of the structural model in which sodium ions and water molecules are arranged in a double row in the interlayer region.
Extraction-spectrophotometric Study of the System Technetium–Chromotropic Acid–Long Chain Quaternary Ammonium Salt
Authors: Grases Feliçiá , March Juan Gabriel , Mata Félix , Peñafiel Alberto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple and highly selective extraction-spectrophotometric determination of technetium is described. The ion-associate formed between the technetium–chromotropic acid (CA) anion and trioctylmethylammonium (TOMA) is extracted with toluene in acidic media. The absorption maximum of the extracted species occurs at 630 nm, the molar absorptivity being 3.1×103 dm3 mol−1 cm−1. The composition of the ion-associate is estimated to be [Tc(CA)2(TOMA)3].
Application of Pyrrole/N-Methylpyrrole Composite Polymer to Cathode Active Material of Lithium Secondary Battery
Authors: Naoi Katsuhiko , Hirabayashi Takayuki , Tsubota Ichiro , Osaka Tetsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An electrochemically prepared polypyrrole(PPy)/poly(N-methylpyrrole)(PMPy) composite polymer film(PPy-PMPy) was used as a cathode active material of a rechargeable lithium battery. The charging-discharging behavior of a Li/LiClO4/(PPy-PMPy) battery was studied and compared with those of Li/LiClO4/PPy and Li/LiClO4/PMPy batteries. In order to rationalize the charging-discharging properties of these batteries, anion doping-undoping processes at PPy, PMPy, and PPy-PMPy electrodes were checked using the usual electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry and potential step chronoamperometry. A PPy-PMPy film electrode gave an intermediate conductivity as well as an intermediate redox potential just between those of the PPy and PMPy electrodes. Li/LiClO4/(PPy-PMPy) batteries with thin (0.3 C cm−2-charged) and thick (10 C cm−2-charged) PPy-PMPy films were found to show different charging-discharging characteristics, depending on their film thickness. The IR spectra obtained for a PPy-PMPy film showed that the composition of PPy and PMPy in the resulting PPy-PMPy film was different according to its film thickness and that the PPy content in the PPy-PMPy film became higher with an increase in its film thickness.
Binding and Catalytic Properties of Charged β-Cyclodextrins
Authors: Matsui Yoshihisa , Ogawa Kouichi , Mikami Seiji , Yoshimoto Misao , Mochida Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of the signs and structures of charged groups in modified β-cyclodextrins on their binding and catalytic properties were examined in aqueous solutions by using ammonium salt of mono(6-sulfonato-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin and hydrogencarbonate salts of mono(6-trimethylammonio-6-deoxy)- and mono[6-(1-pyridinio)-6-deoxy]-β-cyclodextrins as charged hosts. An ionic guest was bound more strongly to an oppositely charged host than to an identically charged host. Binding constants for charged host-guest systems were affected by a change in the ionic strength and by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide to an aqueous solution. The catalytic effects of the charged hosts on the alkaline hydrolyses of o-, m-, and p-acetoxybenzoic acids were also different from those of the parent β-cyclodextrin. These results could be explained in terms of electrostatic, steric, and hydrophobic interactions between the hosts and guests.
Effects of Alkali Metals Added to Silica-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts on Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Enomoto Toshiyuki , Kata Keiichiro , Okuhara Toshio , Misono Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to produce hydrocarbons (Fischer–Tropsch synthesis) has been studied over Ru/SiO2 catalysts to which alkali metals (Li, Na, K, and Cs) were added. The effects of alkalis were compared by varying the amounts added and by varying the support to Al2O3. By the alkali addition, the CO conversion and the selectivity to methane decreased but the propagation probability as well as the olefin/paraffin ratio increased. Among the alkali metals, Li least depressed the catalytic activity of Ru/SiO2, but was most effective for the suppression of methane formation. In contrast to a K-added catalyst, the infrared band of adsorbed carbon monoxide shifted only slightly upon Li addition, showing its small electronic effect. The results in electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction suggested that the Ru particle size remained almost unchanged upon Li addition, although the amounts of adsorbed carbon monoxide and hydrogen significantly decreased. This indicates that Ru particles were partially covered by a compound of Li. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the suppression of methane formation by Li was due to a geometric or ensemble effect.
Photoredox Properties of Viologen Linked Porphyrins
Authors: Okura Ichiro , Kaji Naruhiko , Aono Shigetoshi , Nishisaka Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Viologen linked water-soluble porphyrins (ZnP(CnV)4) with different methylene chain lengths (n=2–5) between porphyrin and viologen were synthesized. These compounds were applied to photoinduced hydrogen evolution in a system containing NADPH–ZnP(CnV)4–hydrogenase under steady state irradiation.
The Crystal and Molecular Structures of Bis(2-methylpyridine)-, and Bis(3-methylpyridine)bis(thiocyanato)cadmium(II) in Polymeric Forms, [Cd(SCN)2(CH3C5H4N)2]n
Authors: Taniguchi Masahiro , Sugita Yoshihiko , Ouchi Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structures of the title complexes were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Both of them are triclinic, with the space group P\bar1. The crystallographic data: 2-methylpyridine (α-pic) adduct, a=11.076(3), b=18.478(8), c=9.299(3)Å, α=104.60(3), β=114.84(2), γ=81.12(3)°, Z=4, final R value is 0.037; 3-methylpyridine (β-pic) adduct, a=8.7667(16), b=16.655(4), c=5.8447(10)Å, α=91.406(18), β=100.571(14), γ=92.525(18)°, Z=2, final R value is 0.041. In both complexes, all cadmium atoms are in 4N2S-hexa-coordination, being in an octahedral geometry; they are oriented as any pair of side-by-side metal atoms being bridged by two thiocyanate ions. In the α-pic adduct, the chain is oriented approximately along the [111] axis. In the chain, the metal atoms in two kinds of orientations appear alternately: Around one kind of the metal atoms three kinds of ligating atoms are all in trans-configurations, and around the other kind of the metal atoms the respective pairs of N(base) and S(SCN) atoms are in cis and the pair of the N(SCN) atoms in a trans-configuration. In the β-pic adduct, the chain is along the [001] axis and pairs of three kinds of ligating atoms are all in trans-configurations.
Racemic Structure and Optical Resolution by Preferential Crystallization of Organic Ammonium Salts of N-Formyl-Dl-tyrosine
Authors: Shiraiwa Tadashi , Miyazaki Hideya , Uramoto Atsushi , Sunami Michio , Kurokawa Hidemoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Gibbs energy of formation of racemate, binary melting point diagram, and ternary solubility diagram indicated that dicyclohexylammonium salt of N-formyl-Dl-tyrosine (Dl-DCH salt) forms a racemic compound at melting point, but is a conglomerate at room temperature. The optical resolution of the Dl-DCH salt was successfully performed by preferential crystallization. A successive preferential crystallization in methanol at 10 °C followed by purification gave d- and l-tyrosines with 100% optical purity.
Aggregate Morphology of Peptide Lipids Having Hydroxyl Groups: Molecular Basis for Formation of Inverted Hexagonal, Inverted Cubic, Bilayer, and Micellar Phases
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Takaki Toshihiko , Uchimura Katsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three types of peptide lipids having different numbers of hydroxyl groups in their head moieties, (HO)C5Ala2Cn, QC5Ala2Cn and Q2LysC5Ala2Cn (n=14, 16), were prepared, and their morphological behavior was investigated by various physical techniques: negative staining and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, low-angle X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. QC5Ala2Cn, having four hydroxyl groups in the head moiety, underwent aggregation in the aqueous dispersion state to afford the nonbilayer phase, which was constituted with highly developed globular domains with face-centered cubic (CII) lattice, above the phase transition temperature (Tm). This CII phase was transformed into the bilayer one below Tm. On the other hand, Q2LysC5Ala2Cn, having eight hydroxyl groups in the head moiety, formed bilayer aggregates in a whole temperature range, above and below Tm. Deprotonation of the hydroxyl groups of QC5Ala2Cn and Q2LysC5Ala2Cn resulted in morphological changes to afford the bilayer and micellar phases, respectively. Two-component lipid systems composed of (HO)C5Ala2C14 and Q2LysC5Ala2C14 at appropriate molar ratios afforded the inverted hexagonal (HII) phase in the aqueous dispersion state; the first example of the HII phase formed with artificial double-chain amphiphiles. The aggregate morphology was discussed on the basis of the critical packing mode of lipid molecules.
Synthesis of (14R)- and (14S)-14-De(hydroxymethyl)-14-hydroxymycaminosyl Tylonolides
Authors: Sakamoto Shuichi , Tsuchiya Tsutomu , Umezawa Sumio , Umezawa Hamao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title compounds 29 and 19 have been prepared from mycaminosyl tylonolide 9,20-bis(ethylene acetal) via 9 (for 19) and 13 steps (for 29). The key step in the synthesis of 19 is Baeyer-Villiger reaction applied to 2′,4′-di-O-acetyl-3-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-23-deoxy-23-oxomycaminosyl tylonolide 9,20-bis(ethylene acetal), and the desired 14-O-formyl derivative is obtained with other products including 12,13-epoxy and 14-C-carboxylic acid. The key step in the synthesis of 29 is Mitsunobu reaction applied to (14S)-2′,4′-di-O-acetyl-3-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-14-de(hydroxymethyl)-14-hydroxymycaminosyl tylonolide 9,20-bis(ethylene acetal), and the desired (14R)-acyloxy product is obtained by inversion at C-14, with other compounds including 10(11), 12(22), 13(14)-triene and 12-acyloxy-10(11),13(14)-diene.
Reactions of 1,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyridines with Carbonyl Compounds: A New Method for Regioselective Synthesis of 3-Alkylpyridines
Authors: Tsuge Otohiko , Kanemasa Shuji , Naritomi Toshio , Tanaka Junji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method for the alkyl group introduction at the 3-position of pyridienes is described: Reductive disilylation of pyridine, its 2-methyl, 3-methyl, and 4-methyl derivatives affords the corresponding 1,4-disilyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. In the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium fluoride, these dihydropyridines smoothly react with a variety of aldehydes and ketones to give 3-alkylpyridines.
Liquid Crystal Formation in Binary Systems. XI. Effects of Branching of Ester Alkyl Group on the Induction of Liquid Crystals in the N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylbenzidine–Alkyl 4-(4-Nitrobenzylideneamino)benzoate Systems
Authors: Matsunaga Yoshio , Niki Yurie 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Smectic A liquid crystals are induced in binary mixtures with normal alkyl esters as well as with esters of branched alkyl groups.
Template Synthesis of Binuclear Lanthanoid Complexes with Macrocyclic Schiff Base Constituted of 2,6-Diacetylpyridine and 1,3-Diamino-2-propanol
Authors: Sakamoto Masatomi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaction of 2,6-diacetylpyridine with 1,3-diamino-2-propanol in the presence of lanthanoid(III) ions gave complexes of (2+2) macrocyclic tetraimine ligand, H2apdapy. Complexes synthesized have the composition of Ln2(apdapy)(NO3)4(H2O)5 (Ln=La or Pr) or Ln2(apdapy) (NCS)4 (H2O)4 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, or Eu). It is suggested that the complexes are considerably stable and maintain the binuclear structure in dimethylsulfoxide solution.
Syntheses and Biological Activities of Neurokinin B Analogs Modified at Positions 2, 3, and 6
Authors: Uchida Yoshiki , Okimura Keiko , Kurosawa Katsuro , Sakura Naoki , Hirose Kyoko , Hashimoto Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nine neurokinin B [NKB] related octa- and nona-peptides containing Arg and N-methylglycine, d-Ala, d-Phe, d-Trp, d-α-aminophenylacetic acid, d-Arg, d-Pro, d-homoglutamine, or d-homoglutamic acid instead of Met2 or His3, and Phe6, respectively, in the original sequences were synthesized by standard solid phase method. The biological activities of the analogs were assayed on isolated guinea-pig ileum. [Arg3, d-Ala6]–NKB (3–10) was found to act as an antagonist of NKB.
ESR and Mass Spectrometric Studies of Methanol Combustion. II. Correlation between Labile and Stable Chemical Species in Methanol–Oxygen–Argon Flame at Low Pressure
Authors: Taniguchi Masayuki , Yoshioka Toshiharu , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to experimentally elucidate the chemical reactions of methanol combustion, the concentration profiles of ten chemical species were determined in stoichiometric CH3OH–O2–Ar flat flame at low pressure, 1.11×104 Pa. The concentrations of three labile intermediates (H, O, and OH) as well as that of stable O2 molecules, were measured by means of the probe-sampling-ESR method. The concentrations of six stable species (CH3OH, CH2O, CO, CO2, H2, and H2O) were measured using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The rates of the net chemical formation (or decay) of these species were determined by subtracting the effect of diffusion from their observed concentration profiles, and were examined on the basis of the reaction mechanisms previously proposed for methanol combustion. The experimental results were found to be consistent with the oxidation pathway CH3OH→CH2OH→CH2O→CHO→CO→CO2. The results also showed that the reaction CH2OH+O2→CH2O+HO2 is an important pathway for O2 consumption.
Deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Oriented DNA Fibers
Authors: Shindo Heisaburo , Hiyama Yukio , Roy Siddhartha , Cohen Jack S , Torchia Dennis A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Solid-state 2H NMR spectra were measured as a function of relative humidity for nonoriented DNA films and oriented DNA fibers deuterated at C8 carbons of the purine bases. The line-shape analyses of the quadrupole echo spectra from oriented DNA fibers demonstrated that the purine base planes of the A form of DNA were tilted by about 70° relative to the helix axis, and that base planes of the B form varied significantly, although they were, on average, perpendicular to the helix axis. These results were generally consistent with the X-ray fiber diffraction studies and the single crystal structures of oligonucleotides. Analyses of 2H relaxation times, T1 and T2, showed at 79% RH that the orientation of the base planes fluctuated about an axis normal to the helix axis with a correlation time, τc=3.6×10−8 s and amplitude of 8.5°. The correlation time of the base plane fluctuation was 1.5×10−8 s and the amplitude was 13.5° at 92% RH. In addition, at 92% RH, but not at 79% RH, the base planes reoriented slowly, τc ≈10−6 s, about the helix axis, through an rms angle of ca. 30°.
Mössbauer and ESR Spectroscopic Studies on the Mixed-Valence States of 1′,1'″-Dialkyl- and 1′,1'″-Bis(methylbenzyl)biferrocenium Triiodides in Crystalline and Dispersed State
Authors: Nakashima Satoru , Masuda Yuichi , Motoyama Izumi , Sano Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Iron atoms in the two different crystal forms of 1′,1'″-dibutylbiferrocenium triiodide showed different temperature-depending mixed-valence states; i.e., an averaged-valence state at higher temperatures and a trapped-valence state at lower temperatures in one crystal form but only a trapped-valence state from 78 K to room temperature in the other crystal form. The temperature-depending mixed-valence states were observed in 1′,1'″-diisobutylbiferrocenium triiodide, whereas only a trapped-valence state was found in 1′,1'″-dipentylbiferrocenium triiodide. Both the 1′,1'″-dibutyl- and 1′,1'″-diisobutylbiferrocenium triiodide showed Mössbauer spectra that were different from those of their crystalline states in a dispersed state. A good correlation of the anisotropy of g-values with the mixed-valence states was observed in the ESR spectra for a series of 1′,1'″-dialkyl- and 1′,1'″-bis(methylbenzyl)biferrocenium triiodides. The difference in the ESR parameters between these compounds in the crystalline state was reduced in the dispersed state.