bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease in Consecutive Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Treated with Blood Cells from Normal Donors
Authors: Lowenthal R. M. , Menon C. , Challis D. R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) developed severe probable graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) following transfusion of blood products from normal donors. In one patient the AML had arisen de novo, while in the other it occurred four years after the patient developed non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and was treated with radiotherapy and combination cytotoxic chemotherapy. Both patients received anti‐leukaemic treatment with doxorubicin and cytosine arabinoside and intensive haematological supportive care with transfusions of red cell, white cell and platelet concentrates obtained from normal donors. Clinically the GVHD in each patient was manifest by a severe erythematous rash, ifftractable diarrhoea and abnormalities in the liver function tests. On pathological examination the skin in each case showed the typical changes of GVHD. Both patients died. There have been few previous reports of GVHD occurring after accidental engraftment of immunosuppressed patients undergoing therapy for acute leukaemia. Our experience suggests that it may occur more often than has hitherto been recognised.At present there is controversy concerning the possible anti‐leukaemic effects of granulocyte transfusions. Until the relative importance of the benefits and deleterious effects of cells with the potential for engraftment is determined by further studies, we recommend the routine irradiation of all cellular blood products intended for administration to acute leukaemia patients undergoing intensive cytoreductive chemotherapy.
Acanthocytosis and Haemolytic Anaemia Due to the McLeod Blood Group
Authors: Woodruff R. K. , Wiley J. S. , Bell W. R. , McPherson A. J. , Ford D. S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A fourteen‐year‐old boy presenting with marked acanthocytosis of the red blood cells and a compensated haemolytic anaemia was shown to have the McLeod blood type. Only three other individuals have been reported as having this abnormality of the Kell blood group system without evidence of chronic granulo‐matous disease.Serological typing for the McLeod phenotype should be undertaken in males with unexplained acanthocytosis, and CPK estimation may provide a screening test for this condition.
ADRENOMYELONEUROPATHY–CLINICAL and BIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: BERKOVIC S. F. , ZAJAC J. D. , WARBURTON D. J. , MERORY J. R. , FELLENBERG A. J. , POULOS A. , POLLARO A. C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract::Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is an X‐linked storage disease of very‐long‐chain fatty acids that presents as primary adrenocortical failure combined with spastic paraparesis and peripheral neuropathy. This disorder was diagnosed in three unrelated adult males. Definitive diagnosis was made by finding elevated very‐long‐chain fatty acids in plasma and skin biopsy samples. Biochemical characterisation of this disease has elucidated its genetics, clarified its relationship with adrenoleukodystrophy of children and other phenotypic variants, and allowed heterozygote identification, accurate genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13: 594–600.)
INSULIN SECRETORY CAPACITY IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED NON‐INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETICS
Authors: BARNETT A. H. , LIVESEY J. , SCOTT R. S. , SMITH J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Plasma insulin was measured fasting and after iv glucose in fifteen newly diagnosed non‐grossly obese non‐insulin dependent diabetics. Two‐thirds had normal fasting insulin (< 13 mU/L) and all had sub‐normal responses to iv glucose. There was no significant correlation between fasting or stimulated insulin concentrations and body weight. Six subjects with totally “flat” response to iv glucose were tested after a standard 4MJ meal and after 75 g oral glucose. They now showed normal profiles of later phase insulin release to the meal test or oral glucose and a significant increase in early phase insulin concentration, but this response was still blunted when compared with control subjects.We conclude that for non‐grossly obese NIDDs (1) insulin deficiency is a common and important disorder and (2) there may be a loss of beta cell sensitivity to blood glucose with retention of sensitivity to gut mediated factors. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13: 621–624.)
HUMAN INSULIN1
Authors: LARKINS RICHARD G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Two methods of synthesis of human insulin have been developed to the stage of commercial production. One entails synthesis of human insulin by bacteria (“biosynthetic” human insulin) and one entails the conversion of pork insulin into human insulin by an amino acid substitution (“semisynthetic” human insulin). Both forms of human insulin have been shown to be safe, and to have similar efficacy and pharmacokinetics to purified pork insulin. Human insulin given by subcutaneous injection has been shown to elicit antibody formation in man, although the extent of this may be slightly less than in the case of purified pork insulin, and is certainly less than in the case of beef insulin and beef‐pork combinations. The clinical significance of these differences in immunogenicity is doubtful. However there are rare defined situations, such as allergy to pork insulin and antibody‐mediated insulin resistance where human insulin has been shown to have advantages over purified pork insulin.Bacterial synthesis of insulin provides an assured supply for the world's future needs, and it is conceivable that further technological refinement may make bacterial synthesis cheaper than extraction and purification of animal insulins. However, current evidence provides no basis for recommending human rather than purified animal insulin for the routine management of insulin dependent diabetes.
DIAGNOSTIC CUES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
Authors: BALLA J. I. , GREENBAUM D. S. , ROTHERT M. L. , BLACK N. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Twenty seven gastroenterologists (15 physicians and 12 surgeons) were studied to capture their policy in the usage and weighting of cues in making a diagnosis. This was a relatively small sample and on account of possible sampling bias only tentative generalisations will be made. Five case vignettes, each consisting of four to eight cues, were used. Subjects were asked to give their percentage likelihood estimates of various diagnostic possibilities after each cue. This gave an indication of their perception of the significance of various cues in relationship to each diagnosis. There were marked variations in cue weighting by these experts, and in particular, most individuals were far off the mean regarding the weighting of certain clinical features, thus displaying idiosyncratic behaviour in these instances. As may be expected, there were differences in disease prevalence estimates between physicians and surgeons. Early information had an overwhelming effect on the final diagnosis. In most cases the expert relied on a few critical cues rather than on a pattern to make a diagnosis.In view of the strong influences of early diagnostic formulations, these findings confirm the need for doctors to learn to use and collect accurate factual information on prevalence rates and on the most significant critical cues for various disease processes.The study highlights some of the problems faced by novices in learning from experts who may teach them contradictory information about what are the most significant factors in coming to a diagnosis.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN FIBROBLAST ANDROGEN RECEPTOR LEVELS and CLINICAL FEATURES IN ABNORMAL MALE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION and INFERTILITY
Authors: WARNE G. L. , GYORKI S. , RISBRIDGER G. P. , KHALID B. A. K. , FUNDER J. W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Androgen receptor binding of radiolabelled methyltrienolone (3H‐R1881) was determined in cultured genital skin fibroblasts from 17 normal male controls and from 65 males with genital abnormalities. Analysis of the results was performed with patients grouped according to the predominant clinical features. Of 16 patients with complete male pseudohermaphroditism, 12 had androgen receptor (AR) deficiency, one had “receptor‐positive” Testicular Feminization, and in three, alternative diagnoses were established (17ahydroxylase deficiency; 20,22‐desmolase deficiency; mixed gonadal dysgenesis). In contrast, only four of 16 patients investigated for ambiguous genitalia (phallus intermediate between male and female, perineal urethra) showed AR deficiency. Borderline or slightly low AR levels were found in each of four boys in whom the sole abnormality was micropenis. In 26 boys with penile hypospadias, however, only one had low AR. Very low levels of AR (levels comparable to those seen in complete Testicular Feminization) were found in two of three men with infertility associated with abnormally high serum testosterone levels.
TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE MANAGED BY CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Authors: McKERROW K. J. , NEALE T. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Continuous ambulatory peritonea! dialysis (CAPD) is being increasingly used to treat chronic renal failure in New Zealand. Peritonitis due in particular to gram positive organisms remains the major complication. Three of 92 CAPD patients trained in the Wellington Renal Unit had tuberculous peritonitis, a previously rarely reported complication. Gram positive or Gram negative bacterial infections preceeded or followed isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Differential peritoneal fluid leucocyte counts were not predictive of tuberculous infection and total leucocyte counts remained elevated in tuberculous patients treated for other concurrent bacterial peritonitides. Systemic toxicity was not encountered in these patients, symptoms being confined almost entirely to the peritoneum. CAPD was continued during treatment with anti‐tuberculous therapy, in all three patients. However, peritoneal pain on dialysis fluid in‐flow necessitated temporary hemodialysis management in two. Anti‐tuberculous chemoprophylaxis may be prudent in the at‐risk Polynesian patient with chronic renal failure who is being considered for CAPD management.
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LYMPHOMA
Authors: RUSSELL J. , ORELL S. , SKINNER J. , SESHADRI R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the management of patients with lymphadenopathy was investigated. The cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were classified using the Kiel classification, which is based strictly on cytological criteria. Of the 59 cases of biopsy confirmed lymphoma, FNA of nodes showed lymphoma in 53 (90%), no definite diagnosis in five (8%), and false negative diagnosis in one (2%). During the follow‐up of patients FNA was positive in seven of the eight cases with a suspected recurrence which was later confirmed by lymph node biopsy. Results suggest that FNA is useful on the initial presentation of a patient with lymphadenopathy. If the diagnosis is unequivocal it helps in planning staging procedures and in selecting involved nodes for biopsy. In some cases with intra‐abdominal disease it may obviate laparotomy. However, because false negative diagnoses do occur and because cytological classification of lymphoma is not always accurate FNA should not replace lymph node biopsy at initial presentation, but it can be used as the only investigation to confirm suspected recurrence.
DELTA ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: WILLIAMS G. V. , COSSART Y. E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Hepatitis B associated delta infection was found in Australian born narcotics users, patients with cirrhosis and hepatoma from Italy and Greece and in south east Asian immigrants. About 9% of patients with chronic hepatitis B were found to have intranuclear delta antigen in liver biopsies with immunofluorescence or anti‐delta antibody in serum by radioimmunoassay. Delta may have been imported from southern Europe and Asia and a reservoir of delta infection may exist in narcotics users. Anti‐delta was not found in hemophiliacs despite exposure to hepatitis B.Delta occurs in Australia and causes acute and particularly chronic hepatitis in addition to that caused by hepatitis B.
FAMILIAL HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND HEPATITIS B ANTIGENEMIA IN A NEW ZEALAND CHINESE FAMILY
Authors: SCOBIE B. , WOODFIELD D. G. , FONG R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is reported in three and probably a fourth member of a New Zealand Chinese family, with a high carrier rate of HBsAg. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and HLA tissue types were analysed in the three generations of the expanded family of 35. Twenty‐one of the three generations were positive for one or more serum HBV markers, including six of the 18 children. Intrafamilial spread of HBV was seen in four of the eight families. Tissue types did not correlate with HBV status. The two propositi of the four with HCC studied and four of six siblings were positive for HBsAg: both propositi had identical HLA haplotypes, including Bw46/DRw9. Evidence is as yet insufficient that this haplotype may represent a disease susceptibility gene for HCC. Other family members at risk will be those positive for HBsAg and/or anti HBC, but those with Bw46/DRw9 will be monitored with special interest.
INTRAVENOUS RANITIDINE HAS NO HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS IN SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE
Authors: CHOW J. S. F. , WANG R. Y. C. , WONG P. H. C. , CHEN W. W. C. , LAI C. L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Ten patients with Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COAD) and five subjects with duodenal ulcers and normal lung function were given 50 mg ranitidine as a single intravenous bolus injection. Hemodynamic responses were continuously monitored. There were no significant alterations in systemic and pulmonary pressures, systemic and total pulmonary vascular resistances or cardiac output. Continuous ECG recordings did not reveal arrhythmias.Ranitidine does not appear to cause any significant disturbance of hemodynamic function in COAD patients. This contrasts with alterations in hemodynamics previously observed following administration of cimetidine.
POLYARTERITIS NODOSA AFFECTING THE SPINAL CORD ARTERIES
Authors: OJEDA V. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Necrotising arteritis was found in the spinal arterial branches of the lumbar spinal cord and in skeletal muscles, bones, peripheral nerves, and most viscera, except lungs and brain, of a 41‐year‐old female who died after a protracted illness finally characterized by severe paralysis due to progressive peripheral neuropathy. Spinal cord vascular involvement in polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is rarely reported despite the high incidence of neurological complications of this disease.
THE ASSESSMENT OF RESPONSE TO THERAPY OF BONE METASTASES IN BREAST CANCER
Authors: ROSSLEIGH M. A. , LOVEGROVE F. T. A. , REYNOLDS P. M. , BYRNE M. J. , WHITNEY B. P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Serial bone scans, x‐rays and records of bone pain were reviewed in order to determine the relative contributions of these parameters in the assessment of response of bone metastases to treatment. Twenty‐seven patients with abnormal bone scans due to metastatic breast cancer were studied. Ten of the patients showed an early temporary flare on bone scan including five with apparent new lesions. Confirmation that such new lesions did not denote progressive disease was provided by subsequent improvement in symptoms and reduction in intensity and number of lesions on a follow‐up bone scan, without any change in systemic therapy. Serial x‐rays were found to be unreliable as a sole method for assessing response to therapy or disease progression, as in only seven of the 27 patients could a definitive radiological assessment of response be made. In only one patient did x‐rays improve the accuracy of the scan by distinguishing between a healing flare and progressive disease. In contrast, this distinction was made in seven of the 10 patients on the basis of improvement in bone pain at the time of the flare. The other 3 patients had no bone pain prior to therapy or at the time of the flare. Tentative response criteria incorporating bone scan, x‐ray and symptoms are suggested. The criteria incorporate recognition of the fact that new lesions appearing on a bone scan within six months of initiation of therapy may comprise part of a healing flare response.
SERUM ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME IN CROHN'S DISEASE, ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND PEPTIC ULCERATION
Authors: D'ONOFRIO G. M. D. , LEVITT S. , ILETT K. F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities were determined in patients with different types of inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. in patients with peptic ulcer, and in healthy volunteer subjects. ACE activity in serum was measured by its in vitro ability to cleave hippuric acid from the synthetic tripeptide hippuryl‐L‐histidyl‐L‐leucine. The hippuric acid so formed was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and results are expressed as nmol hippuric acid producedlml plasma/min. ACE activity was 27.4 ± 7.7 (mean ± SD, n = 37) in control subjects and was not related to age or sex. Compared to controls, patients with ulcerative colitis had similar ACE values (26.5 ± 7.7, n = 16) while, surprisingly, there was a significant (p<0.01) increase in the enzyme in those with active peptic ulcers (33.8 ± 8.8, n = 21) irrespective of whether the site of ulceration was gastric or duodenal. In a mixed group of patients with active and inactive Crohn's disease, ACE activity (24.8 ± 7.2, n = 19) was not different from controls. However, ACE activity was significantly (p<0.02) depressed in active Crohn's disease (19.8 ± 7.3, n= 8) compared to either control subjects or patients with inactive disease (28.4 ± 6.3, n = 9). There was wide inter‐patient variability in ACE levels and hence the diagnostic value of random measurements of this enzyme in Crohn's disease is limited.
INTRA‐AORTIC BALLOON ECG ARTEFACT
Authors: ADAMS P. C. , NICHOLSON M. R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Patients undergoing intra‐aortic balloon counter pulsation (IABP) for acute life threatening cardiac disease usually have abnormal electrocardiograms (ECGs) and are prone to arrhythmias and conduction disturbances. We report a patient in whom movement of the electrocardiographic lead to the left leg by the balloon catheter caused artefact simulating a conduction disturbance and arrhythmia.
GUILLAIN‐BARRE SYNDROME AND PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS ASSOCIATED WITH D‐PENICILLAMINE THERAPY
Authors: KNEZEVIC W. , MASTAGLIA F. L. , QUINTNER J. , ZILKO P. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The Guillain‐Barre syndrome and pemphigus foliaceus occurred simultaneously in a patient on long‐term treatment with D‐penicillamine. It is proposed that both conditions may have developed as a result of a disturbance of immunoregulation caused by D‐penicillamine.
LIFE THREATENING CARDIAC TAMPONADE COMPLICATING A CASE OF SERONEGATIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: SMITH M. D. , ROBERTS‐THOMSON P. J. , GEDDES R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:We report the complication of cardiac tamponade occurring secondary to a pericardial effusion in a patient with persistently seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. The frequency and presenting features of this potentially life threatening complication of rheumatoid arthritis are reviewed and management of this complication is discussed.
A FATAL CASE OF LEGIONNAIRES‘ DISEASE IN AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT
Authors: WILSON R. D. , McPETRIE R. A. , PRITCHARD R. C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A 65‐year‐old woman presented with an autoimmune hemolytic anemia and was subsequently diagnosed as having malignant lymphoma. Cytotoxic chemotherapy was followed by the development of fatal Legionnaires' disease, confirmed by isolation of L. pneumophila serogroup 6 from pleural and lung aspirate specimens. This is believed to be the first reported isolation of serogroup 6 L. pneumophila in Australia. (Aust NZ J Med 1984; 14: 59–60.)
FATAL VENO‐OCCLUSIVE DISEASE OF THE LIVER ASSOCIATED WITH HERBAL TEA CONSUMPTION AND RADIATION
Authors: FEIGEN M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A case is presented of fatal veno‐occlusive disease of the liver in a patient undergoing treatment by whole abdomen irradiation for carcinoma of the ovary. She had also been exposed to herbal tea and chemotherapy, each of which may cause veno‐occlusive disease in its own right. Interaction of these agents is postulated and should be considered before submitting patients to combination treatment. (Aust NZ J Med 1984; 14: 61–62.)
INTERNATIONAL TRENDS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE— IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT*
Authors: ROSE G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractStroke mortality is declining fast in many countries (this decline being due, in part, to treatment), with implications for medical care and for coronary disease incidence, but in some European countries rates are rising. Coronary mortality is decreasing fast in some countries, probably because of a fall in incidence; dietary and other life‐style changes are likely to be involved, but lack of systematic monitoring inhibits firm conclusions. In other countries with comparable medical care the rates have not declined, and in eastern Europe and sections of developing populations they are rising fast. Some implications are discussed.
SMOKING WITHDRAWAL PROGRAMME: BASELINE INDICATORS OF SMOKING EXPOSURE AND BIOCHEMICAL MONITORING OF SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME
Authors: PUDDEY I. B. , VANDONGEN R. , BEILIN L. J. , UKICH A. W. , ENGLISH D. R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Sixty‐four subjects Who participated in a smoking withdrawal programme were analysed with respect to the relative usefulness of biochemical and hematological indices of smoking exposure. Plasma thiocyanate was found to be the best biochemical correlate of baseline cigarette consumption when compared to salivary thiocyanate or expired air carbon monoxide. Both plasma and salivary thiocyanate also correlated significantly with depth of inhalation per cigarette but not with any other questionnaire index of smoking exposure. After six weeks of successful smoking cessation all three indices fell significantly. Plasma thiocyanate proved the most sensitive biochemical index for monitoring ultimate outcome, accurately dichotomizing 90% of subjects as successful or unsuccessful in their attempts to stop smoking. The use of all three variables allowed accurate classification of 96% of subjects. White cell count, red cell count and hemoglobin also correlated significantly with baseline cigarette consumption and a significant decrease in these hematological indices occurred consequent to successful smoking cessation. However, these hematological changes were not as sensitive as biochemical indices in monitoring successful outcome.
PRE‐HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE: EVALUATION OF AN AUSTRALIAN SYSTEM
Authors: BJORKLÜND P. , O'ROURKE M. F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The efficacy of the Sydney ambulance paramedic service in dealing with out‐of‐hospital cardiac and other emergencies was examined. The outcome of 182 cases (from a total of 1,799 casualty calls) treated by a paramedic service was compared with the outcome of 104 similar cases (from a total of 2,376 calls) treated by a general duties service. There were 33 cases of cardiac arrest in the general duties group; resuscitation was attempted in 12 and none survived. There were 49 cases of cardiac arrest in the paramedic group; resuscitation was attempted in 21 cases and 4 survived. There were 35 cases of suspected myocardial infarction in the general duties group; 7 died compared with 58 cases and 4 deaths, in the paramedic group (mortality 20%, cf. 7%; difference not significant). The increased cost of a paramedic call, less than half of an entire hospital day, appears justified by better results.