bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Summer Kuroshio Intrusion Into the East China Sea Revealed by a New Mixed‐Layer Water Mass Analysis
Authors: Li Shuangzhao , Zhong Yisen , Zhou Meng , Wu Hui , Gao Yonghui , Zhou Peng , Wang Yihe , Zhang Zhaoru , Zhang Han 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThough the Kuroshio intrusion (KI) into the East China Sea (ECS) is relatively weaker during summer, it is of great importance to the ECS shelf ecosystem in this biologically‐active season. The interannual variability of the summer intrusion is less explored as the long‐term observations of the oceanic current are insufficient to draw a complete and unbiased conclusion. Using 3‐year in situ measurements, we develop and validate a new tracer‐based mixed‐layer optimal multi‐parameter (MLOMP) water mass analysis, which can well capture the intrusion pattern and year‐to‐year variation. The result exhibits a two‐layer intrusion with decoupled interannual variations. The surface intrusion is controlled by the interaction between the Kuroshio and steep topography. During the year with abnormally weak upstream transport, the Kuroshio surface water may notably enter the ECS shelf and can reach farther north, as opposed to the very weak summer intrusion revealed by previous seasonal studies. The intrusion of Kuroshio subsurface water is characterized by a northward nearshore branch current, which is regulated by the offshore Ekman transport and shoreward pressure gradient at the interannual scale. The new MLOMP is also applied to the satellite temperature and salinity to examine the surface intrusion. The results still depict a reasonable spatial distribution and year‐to‐year variability of the intrusion, implying potentially a more practical use for longer‐term intrusion analysis.
Satellite Observations of the Influence of Energetic Electron Precipitation on the Mesosphere and Stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Salminen Antti , Asikainen Timo , Mursula Kalevi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Earth’s atmosphere is influenced by energetic electrons coming from the magnetosphere. This energetic electron precipitation (EEP) is energized by the solar wind and directly affects in the high‐latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). EEP forms odd nitrogen (NOx) and hydrogen oxides (HOx) which destroy ozone. During winter EEP‐NOx descends to the stratosphere, establishing the indirect EEP effect. Several studies have found that EEP is related to changes in temperature and winds in the northern winter stratosphere. One of the most prominent effects of EEP is the influence on the northern polar vortex, a westerly wind system surrounding the winter pole in the middle atmosphere. Most studies of the EEP effect on dynamical features of the middle atmosphere have relied on either model simulations or reanalysis datasets which are mainly limited to stratospheric heights. We study here EEP effects on chemical and dynamical properties of the stratosphere and mesosphere in the northern hemisphere by using EOS Aura satellite’s measurements of atmospheric properties and POES satellites' measurements of precipitating electrons. We confirm earlier results showing that EEP decreases ozone and affects the temperature in the polar middle atmosphere and strengthens the stratospheric polar vortex. We show that EEP weakens the mesospheric polar vortex in late winter. This effect on polar vortex is partly due to changes in propagation and convergence of planetary waves. Accordingly, the EEP effect on the northern polar vortex depends on planetary waves not only in the stratosphere, as found in earlier studies, but also in the mesosphere.
Inferring Tracer Diffusivity From Coherent Mesoscale Eddies
Authors: Zhang Wenda , Wolfe Christopher L. P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMixing along isopycnals plays an important role in the transport and uptake of oceanic tracers. Isopycnal mixing is commonly quantified by a tracer diffusivity. Previous studies have estimated the tracer diffusivity using the rate of dispersion of surface drifters, subsurface floats, or numerical particles advected by satellite‐derived velocity fields. This study shows that the diffusivity can be more efficiently estimated from the dispersion of coherent mesoscale eddies. Coherent eddies are identified and tracked as the persistent sea surface height extrema in both a two‐layer quasigeostrophic (QG) model and an idealized primitive equation (PE) model. The Lagrangian diffusivity is estimated using the tracks of these coherent eddies and compared to the diagnosed Eulerian diffusivity. It is found that the meridional coherent eddy diffusivity approaches a stable value within about 20–40 days in both models. In the QG model, the coherent eddy diffusivity is a good approximation to the upper‐layer tracer diffusivity in a broad range of flow regimes, except for small values of bottom friction or planetary vorticity gradient, where the motions of same‐sign eddies are correlated over long distances. In the PE model, the tracer diffusivity has a complicated vertical structure and the coherent eddy diffusivity is correlated with the tracer diffusivity at the e‐folding depth of the energy‐containing eddies where the intrinsic speed of the coherent eddies matches the rms eddy velocity. These results suggest that the oceanic tracer diffusivity at depth can be estimated from the movements of coherent mesoscale eddies, which are routinely tracked from satellite observations.
Comparison of the Ionospheric Dynamo Current of Mars Above InSight and Zhurong Landing Sites: A Modeling Study
Authors: Luo H. , Tian L. , Du A. M. , Ge Y. S. , Zhang Y. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious observational studies suggest that the surface time‐varying magnetic field of Mars originates in large part from the dynamo currents in the Martian ionosphere. However, whether there are significant differences in the strength, configuration, diurnal, and seasonal variations of the dynamo currents above different regions need to be further studied. In this study, using the ionospheric parameters from Mars Climate Database version 5.3 (MCD v5.3) and 7 years of MAVEN magnetic field measurements, we compare the ionospheric dynamo currents above the landing sites of InSight (4.50°N, 135.62°E) and Zhurong (25.07°N, 109.90°E) and the resulting surface magnetic variations at the two landing sites by conducting a modeling study. We find that the average dynamo current as well as its diurnal magnetic field amplitude on the Martian surface is significantly stronger at InSight than that at Zhurong due to the stronger background magnetic field strength and more perpendicular angle between magnetic field and neutral wind vectors in the dynamo region, though the conductivities is always weaker over InSight landing site. The seasonal variation of the current intensity (represented by differences between northern winter and summer solstices) is prominent over InSight than that over Zhurong because the heliospheric distance effect‐resulted conductivity difference is the dominate factor for the seasonal variations over InSight while both the heliospheric distance and solar zenith angle (SZA) contribute to the current intensity at different Ls over Zhurong. The two factors partially offset each other and lead to a smaller seasonal variation. The role of crustal field, as well as the latitude effects on dynamo currents is also discussed. This study provides an attempt to promote the understanding of the solar wind‐induced magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐surface coupling process.
Thank You to Our 2023 Reviewers
Authors: Schildgen Taylor , Rusmore Margaret , Aitchison Jonathan , Jolivet Laurent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe editors of Tectonics would like to offer our sincere thanks to those who reviewed manuscripts for us in 2023. The time reviewers spend reading and commenting on manuscripts helps to ensure that our science is well communicated, clearly documented, appropriately placed in the context of prior work, and effectively archived for future usage. We understand that as one of the AGU journals hosting long format articles, reviewing a manuscript for Tectonics is a considerable time commitment. For this reason, we are particularly grateful to our reviewers for their diligence in helping to provide high‐quality, timely reviews. We also appreciate the efforts many reviewers contribute toward advancing open science by evaluating the availability and accessibility of data, which are key objectives of the AGU's FAIR data policy. The 137 papers published in Tectonics in 2023 benefitted from the careful scrutiny and constructive critique drawn from the expertise of 465 reviewers, who provided a total of 652 reviews. We are grateful for this contribution toward producing the high‐quality output that has helped Tectonics maintain a prominent position in scientific publishing for decades, and for the spirit of teamwork that makes the peer review process an asset in our community.
RevCAR-expressing immune effector cells for targeting of Fn14-positive glioblastoma
Authors: Saleh Haidy A. , Mitwasi Nicola , R. Loureiro Liliana , Kegler Alexandra , Soto Karla Elizabeth González , Hoffmann Lydia , Crespo Eugenia , Arndt Claudia , Bergmann Ralf , Bachmann Michael , Feldmann Anja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent studies, we have established the unique adapter chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) platform RevCAR which uses, as an extracellular CAR domain, a peptide epitope instead of an antibody domain. RevCAR adapters (termed RevCAR target modules, RevTMs) are bispecific antibodies that enable the reversible ON/OFF switch of the RevCAR system, improving the safety compared to conventional CARs. Here, we describe for the first time its use for retargeting of both T and NK-92 cells. In addition, we describe the development and preclinical validation of a novel RevTM for targeting of the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) surface receptor which is overexpressed on Glioblastoma (GBM) cells, and therefore serves as a promising target for the treatment of GBM. The novel RevTM efficiently redirects RevCAR modified T and NK-92 cells and leads to the killing of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Tumor cell killing is associated with increased IL-2, TNF-α and/or IFN-γ secretion. Hence, these findings give an insight into the complementary potential of both RevCAR T and NK-92 systems as a safe and specific immunotherapeutic approach against GBM.
The dual role of mesenchymal stem cells in apoptosis regulation
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Xia Xuewei , Yao Mengwei , Yang Yi , Ao Xiang , Zhang Zhaoqi , Guo Li , Xu Xiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely distributed pluripotent stem cells with powerful immunomodulatory capacity. MSCs transplantation therapy (MSCT) is widely used in the fields of tissue regeneration and repair, and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Apoptosis is an important way for tissues to maintain cell renewal, but it also plays an important role in various diseases. And many studies have shown that MSCs improves the diseases by regulating cell apoptosis. The regulation of MSCs on apoptosis is double-sided. On the one hand, MSCs significantly inhibit the apoptosis of diseased cells. On the other hand, MSCs also promote the apoptosis of tumor cells and excessive immune cells. Furthermore, MSCs regulate apoptosis through multiple molecules and pathways, including three classical apoptotic signaling pathways and other pathways. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the regulation of apoptosis by MSCs.
Halogen doped graphene quantum dots modulate TDP-43 phase separation and aggregation in the nucleus
Authors: Zhang Hong , Guo Huazhang , Li Danni , Zhang Yiling , Zhang Shengnan , Kang Wenyan , Liu Cong , Le Weidong , Wang Liang , Li Dan , Dai Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTDP-43 is implicated in the dynamic formation of nuclear bodies and stress granules through phase separation. In diseased states, it can further condense into pathological aggregates in the nucleus and cytoplasm, contributing to the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this study, we evaluate the effect of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with different functional groups on TDP-43’s phase separation and aggregation in various cellular locations. We find that halogen atom-doped GQDs (GQDs-Cl, Cl-GQDs-OH) penetrate the nuclear envelope, inhibiting the assembly of TDP-43 nuclear bodies and stress granules under oxidative stress or hyperosmotic environments, and reduce amyloid aggregates and disease-associated phosphorylation of TDP-43. Mechanistic analysis reveals GQDs-Cl and Cl-GQDs-OH modulate TDP-43 phase separation through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Our findings highlight the potential of GQDs-Cl and Cl-GQDs-OH in modulating nuclear protein condensation and pathological aggregation, offering direction for the innovative design of GQDs to modulate protein phase separation and aggregation.
Potent human neutralizing antibodies against Nipah virus derived from two ancestral antibody heavy chains
Authors: Chen Li , Sun Mengmeng , Zhang Huajun , Zhang Xinghai , Yao Yanfeng , Li Ming , Li Kangyin , Fan Pengfei , Zhang Haiwei , Qin Ye , Zhang Zhe , Li Entao , Chen Zhen , Guan Wuxiang , Li Shanshan , Yu Changming , Zhang Kaiming , Gong Rui , Chiu Sandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNipah virus (NiV) is a World Health Organization priority pathogen and there are currently no approved drugs for clinical immunotherapy. Through the use of a naïve human phage-displayed Fab library, two neutralizing antibodies (NiV41 and NiV42) targeting the NiV receptor binding protein (RBP) were identified. Following affinity maturation, antibodies derived from NiV41 display cross-reactivity against both NiV and Hendra virus (HeV), whereas the antibody based on NiV42 is only specific to NiV. Results of immunogenetic analysis reveal a correlation between the maturation of antibodies and their antiviral activity. In vivo testing of NiV41 and its mature form (41-6) show protective efficacy against a lethal NiV challenge in hamsters. Furthermore, a 2.88 Å Cryo-EM structure of the tetrameric RBP and antibody complex demonstrates that 41-6 blocks the receptor binding interface. These findings can be beneficial for the development of antiviral drugs and the design of vaccines with broad spectrum against henipaviruses.
Ligand-modified nanoparticle surfaces influence CO electroreduction selectivity
Authors: Shirzadi Erfan , Jin Qiu , Zeraati Ali Shayesteh , Dorakhan Roham , Goncalves Tiago J. , Abed Jehad , Lee Byoung-Hoon , Rasouli Armin Sedighian , Wicks Joshua , Zhang Jinqiang , Ou Pengfei , Boureau Victor , Park Sungjin , Ni Weiyan , Lee Geonhui , Tian Cong , Meira Debora Motta , Sinton David , Siahrostami Samira , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImproving the kinetics and selectivity of CO2/CO electroreduction to valuable multi-carbon products is a challenge for science and is a requirement for practical relevance. Here we develop a thiol-modified surface ligand strategy that promotes electrochemical CO-to-acetate. We explore a picture wherein nucleophilic interaction between the lone pairs of sulfur and the empty orbitals of reaction intermediates contributes to making the acetate pathway more energetically accessible. Density functional theory calculations and Raman spectroscopy suggest a mechanism where the nucleophilic interaction increases the sp2 hybridization of CO(ad), facilitating the rate-determining step, CO* to (CHO)*. We find that the ligands stabilize the (HOOC–CH2)* intermediate, a key intermediate in the acetate pathway. In-situ Raman spectroscopy shows shifts in C–O, Cu–C, and C–S vibrational frequencies that agree with a picture of surface ligand-intermediate interactions. A Faradaic efficiency of 70% is obtained on optimized thiol-capped Cu catalysts, with onset potentials 100 mV lower than in the case of reference Cu catalysts.
Probing altered receptor specificities of antigenically drifting human H3N2 viruses by chemoenzymatic synthesis, NMR, and modeling
Authors: Unione Luca , Ammerlaan Augustinus N. A. , Bosman Gerlof P. , Uslu Elif , Liang Ruonan , Broszeit Frederik , van der Woude Roosmarijn , Liu Yanyan , Ma Shengzhou , Liu Lin , Gómez-Redondo Marcos , Bermejo Iris A. , Valverde Pablo , Diercks Tammo , Ardá Ana , de Vries Robert P. , Boons Geert-Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrototypic receptors for human influenza viruses are N-glycans carrying α2,6-linked sialosides. Due to immune pressure, A/H3N2 influenza viruses have emerged with altered receptor specificities that bind α2,6-linked sialosides presented on extended N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) chains. Here, binding modes of such drifted hemagglutinin’s (HAs) are examined by chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-glycans having 13C-labeled monosaccharides at strategic positions. The labeled glycans are employed in 2D STD-1H by 13C-HSQC NMR experiments to pinpoint which monosaccharides of the extended LacNAc chain engage with evolutionarily distinct HAs. The NMR data in combination with computation and mutagenesis demonstrate that mutations distal to the receptor binding domain of recent HAs create an extended binding site that accommodates with the extended LacNAc chain. A fluorine containing sialoside is used as NMR probe to derive relative binding affinities and confirms the contribution of the extended LacNAc chain for binding.
A silicon photoanode protected with TiO2/stainless steel bilayer stack for solar seawater splitting
Authors: Zhao Shixuan , Liu Bin , Li Kailang , Wang Shujie , Zhang Gong , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Wang Tuo , Gong Jinlong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical seawater splitting is a promising route for direct utilization of solar energy and abundant seawater resources for H2 production. However, the complex salinity composition in seawater results in intractable challenges for photoelectrodes. This paper describes the fabrication of a bilayer stack consisting of stainless steel and TiO2 as a cocatalyst and protective layer for Si photoanode. The chromium-incorporated NiFe (oxy)hydroxide converted from stainless steel film serves as a protective cocatalyst for efficient oxygen evolution and retarding the adsorption of corrosive ions from seawater, while the TiO2 is capable of avoiding the plasma damage of the surface layer of Si photoanode during the sputtering of stainless steel catalysts. By implementing this approach, the TiO2 layer effectively shields the vulnerable semiconductor photoelectrode from the harsh plasma sputtering conditions in stainless steel coating, preventing surface damages. Finally, the Si photoanode with the bilayer stack inhibits the adsorption of chloride and realizes 167 h stability in chloride-containing alkaline electrolytes. Furthermore, this photoanode also demonstrates stable performance under alkaline natural seawater for over 50 h with an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 2.62%.
scButterfly: a versatile single-cell cross-modality translation method via dual-aligned variational autoencoders
Authors: Cao Yichuan , Zhao Xiamiao , Tang Songming , Jiang Qun , Li Sijie , Li Siyu , Chen Shengquan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent advancements for simultaneously profiling multi-omics modalities within individual cells have enabled the interrogation of cellular heterogeneity and molecular hierarchy. However, technical limitations lead to highly noisy multi-modal data and substantial costs. Although computational methods have been proposed to translate single-cell data across modalities, broad applications of the methods still remain impeded by formidable challenges. Here, we propose scButterfly, a versatile single-cell cross-modality translation method based on dual-aligned variational autoencoders and data augmentation schemes. With comprehensive experiments on multiple datasets, we provide compelling evidence of scButterfly’s superiority over baseline methods in preserving cellular heterogeneity while translating datasets of various contexts and in revealing cell type-specific biological insights. Besides, we demonstrate the extensive applications of scButterfly for integrative multi-omics analysis of single-modality data, data enhancement of poor-quality single-cell multi-omics, and automatic cell type annotation of scATAC-seq data. Moreover, scButterfly can be generalized to unpaired data training, perturbation-response analysis, and consecutive translation.
Consensus reporting guidelines to address gaps in descriptions of ultra-rare genetic conditions
Authors: AlMail Ali , Jamjoom Ahmed , Pan Amy , Feng Min Yi , Chau Vann , D’Gama Alissa M. , Howell Katherine , Liang Nicole S. Y. , McTague Amy , Poduri Annapurna , Wiltrout Kimberly ,   IPCHiP Executive Committee, Bassett Anne S. , Christodoulou John , Dupuis Lucie , Gill Peter , Levy Tess , Siper Paige , Stark Zornitza , Vorstman Jacob A. S. , Diskin Catherine , Jewitt Natalie , Baribeau Danielle , Costain Gregory 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenome-wide sequencing and genetic matchmaker services are propelling a new era of genotype-driven ascertainment of novel genetic conditions. The degree to which reported phenotype data in discovery-focused studies address informational priorities for clinicians and families is unclear. We identified reports published from 2017 to 2021 in 10 genetics journals of novel Mendelian disorders. We adjudicated the quality and detail of the phenotype data via 46 questions pertaining to six priority domains: (I) Development, cognition, and mental health; (II) Feeding and growth; (III) Medication use and treatment history; (IV) Pain, sleep, and quality of life; (V) Adulthood; and (VI) Epilepsy. For a subset of articles, all subsequent published follow-up case descriptions were identified and assessed in a similar manner. A modified Delphi approach was used to develop consensus reporting guidelines, with input from content experts across four countries. In total, 200 of 3243 screened publications met inclusion criteria. Relevant phenotypic details across each of the 6 domains were rated superficial or deficient in >87% of papers. For example, less than 10% of publications provided details regarding neuropsychiatric diagnoses and “behavioural issues”, or about the type/nature of feeding problems. Follow-up reports (n = 95) rarely contributed this additional phenotype data. In summary, phenotype information relevant to clinical management, genetic counselling, and the stated priorities of patients and families is lacking for many newly described genetic diseases. The PHELIX (PHEnotype LIsting fiX) reporting guideline checklists were developed to improve phenotype reporting in the genomic era.