bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human dendritic cells differentiated in hypoxia down-modulate antigen uptake and change their chemokine expression profile
Authors: Elia Angela Rita , Cappello Paola , Puppo Maura , Fraone Tiziana , Vanni Cristina , Eva Alessandra , Musso Tiziana , Novelli Francesco , Varesio Luigi , Giovarelli Mirella 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells and fine-tune the immune response. We have investigated hypoxia’s effects on the differentiation and maturation of DCs from human monocytes in vitro, and have shown that it affects DC functions. Hypoxic immature DCs (H-iDCs) significantly fail to capture antigens through down-modulation of the RhoA/Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin pathway and the expression of CD206. Moreover, H-iDCs released higher levels of CXCL1, VEGF, CCL20, CXCL8, and CXCL10 but decreased levels of CCL2 and CCL18, which predict a different ability to recruit neutrophils rather than monocytes and create a proinflammatory and proangiogenic environment. By contrast, hypoxia has no effect on DC maturation. Hypoxic mature DCs display a mature phenotype and activate both allogeneic and specific T cells like normoxic mDCs. This study provides the first demonstration that hypoxia inhibits antigen uptake by DCs and profoundly changes the DC chemokine expression profile and may have a critical role in DC differentiation, adaptation, and activation in inflamed tissues.
The broad effects of the functional IL-10 promoter-592 polymorphism: modulation of IL-10, TIMP-3, and OPG expression and their association with periodontal disease outcome
Authors: Claudino Marcela , Trombone Ana Paula F , Cardoso Cristina R , Ferreira Samuel B , Martins Walter , Assis Gerson F , Santos Carlos F , Trevilatto Paula C , Campanelli Ana Paula , Silva João S , Garlet Gustavo P 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPeriodontal diseases are infectious diseases, in which periodontopathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses that lead to tissue destruction. It occurs through the generation of metalloproteinases and the activation of bone resorption mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 seem to attenuate periodontal tissue destruction through the induction of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and the inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis osteoprotegerin (OPG). A high individual variation in levels of IL-10 mRNA is verified in periodontitis patients, which is possibly determined by genetic polymorphisms. In this study, the IL-10 promoter -592C/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which is associated with a decrease in IL-10 production, was analyzed by RFLP in 116 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and 173 control (C) subjects, and the IL-10, TIMPs, and OPG mRNA expression levels in diseased gingival tissues were determined by real-time-PCR. The IL-10-592 SNP CA (P=0.0012/OR=2.4/CI:1.4-4.1), AA (P=0.0458/OR=2.3/CI:1.1-4.9), and CA+AA (P=0.0006/OR=2.4/CI:1.4-3.4) genotypes and the allele A (P=0.0036/OR=1.7/CI:1.2-2.4) were found to be significantly more prevalent in the CP group when compared with control subjects. Both CA and AA genotypes were associated with lower levels of IL-10, TIMP-3, and OPG mRNA expression in diseased periodontal tissues and were also associated with disease severity as mean pocket depth. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that IL10-592 SNP is functional in CP, being associated with lower levels of IL-10 mRNA expression, which is supposed to consequently decrease the expression of the downstream genes TIMP-3 and OPG, and influence periodontal disease outcome.
Randomized Trial of Denosumab in Patients Receiving Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitors for Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ellis Georgiana K. , Bone Henry G. , Chlebowski Rowan , Paul Devchand , Spadafora Silvana , Smith Judy , Fan Michelle , Jun Susie 
Published: August 2008

PurposeAdjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy is well established in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, but such therapy is complicated by accelerated bone loss and increased fracture risk. We investigated the ability of denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, to protect against aromatase inhibitor–induced bone loss.Patients and MethodsEligible women with hormone receptor–positive nonmetastatic breast cancer treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy were stratified by duration of aromatase inhibitor therapy (≤ 6 v > 6 months), received supplemental calcium and vitamin D, and were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 125) or subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg (n = 127) every 6 months. At enrollment, all patients were required to have evidence of low bone mass, excluding osteoporosis. The primary end point was percentage change from baseline at month 12 in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD).ResultsAt 12 and 24 months, lumbar spine BMD increased by 5.5% and 7.6%, respectively, in the denosumab group versus placebo (P < .0001 at both time points). Increases were observed as early as 1 month and were not influenced by duration of aromatase inhibitor therapy. Increases in BMD were also observed at the total hip, total body, femoral neck, and the predominantly cortical one-third radius. Bone turnover markers decreased with denosumab treatment. Overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) was similar between treatment groups.ConclusionIn women with nonmetastatic breast cancer and low bone mass who were receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy, twice-yearly administration of denosumab led to significant increases in BMD over 24 months at trabecular and cortical bone, with overall AE rates similar to those of placebo.
DOES ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT TARGETS IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AVOID BRAIN HYPOXIA? A BRAIN TISSUE OXYGENATION STUDY
Authors: Figaji Anthony A. , Fieggen A. Graham , Argent Andrew C. , LeRoux Peter D. , Peter Jonathan C. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Most physicians rely on conventional treatment targets for intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, systemic oxygenation, and hemoglobin to direct management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. In this study, we used brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) monitoring to examine the association between PbtO2 values and outcome in pediatric severe TBI and to determine the incidence of compromised PbtO2 in patients for whom acceptable treatment targets had been achieved.

METHODS
In this prospective observational study, 26 children with severe TBI and a median postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale score of 5 were managed with continuous PbtO2 monitoring. The relationships between outcome and the 6-hour period of lowest PbtO2 values and the length of time that PbtO2 was less than 20, 15, 10, and 5 mmHg were examined. The incidence of reduced PbtO2 for each threshold was evaluated where the following targets were met: intracranial pressure less than 20 mmHg, cerebral perfusion pressure greater than 50 mmHg, arterial oxygen tension greater than 60 mmHg (and peripheral oxygen saturation &gt; 90%), and hemoglobin greater than 8 g/dl.

RESULTS
There was a significant association between poor outcome and the 6-hour period of lowest PbtO2 and length of time that PbtO2 was less than 15 and 10 mmHg. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low PbtO2 had an independent association with poor outcome. Despite achieving the management targets described above, 80% of patients experienced one or more episodes of compromised PbtO2 (&lt; 20 mmHg), and almost one-third experienced episodes of brain hypoxia (PbtO2 &lt; 10 mmHg).

CONCLUSION
Reduced PbtO2 is associated with poor outcome in pediatric severe TBI. In addition, many patients experience episodes of compromised PbtO2 despite achieving acceptable treatment targets.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE INFRATENTORIAL ROSETTE-FORMING GLIONEURONAL TUMOR
Authors: Tan Caroline C. , Gonzales Michael , Veitch Alastair 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEThis article describes our experience with two patients who presented with unusual tumors in the cerebellar vermis and cerebral aqueduct. Although sparing the fourth ventricle proper, both tumors had histological features consistent with the rare diagnosis of a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle, of which only 19 cases have been reported previously. A review of the clinical features and courses of all 21 cases is presented and management recommendations are given.CLINICAL PRESENTATIONPatient 1 was a 42-year-old man who presented with a headache of 1 day's duration and no neurological signs, in whom magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a nonenhancing mass lesion occupying the proximal cerebral aqueduct. Patient 2 was a 38-year-old woman with a long history of intermittent giddiness, no neurological signs, and a magnetic resonance imaging scan that demonstrated a nonenhancing and subtle abnormality in the cerebellar vermis.INTERVENTIONBiopsy was performed on both lesions, the first endoscopically and the second via craniotomy. The only postoperative complication was short-lived double vision and poor upgaze in Patient 1.CONCLUSIONThese cases demonstrate that the rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor may be more accurately categorized as an infratentorial tumor rather than a tumor of the fourth ventricle. Because the literature indicates that this is a tumor with little potential for malignant behavior and considerable morbidity can accompany attempts at resection, a conservative management approach would seem well advised. If this tumor is to be managed conservatively, because of the paucity of extended follow-up data, long-term radiological and clinical surveillance is strongly recommended.
Human Serum Albumin Nanotubes Comprising Layer-by-layer Assembly with Polycation
Authors: Lu Gang , Tsuchida Eishun , Komatsu Teruyuki 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Cylindrical protein nanotubes comprising a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of human serum albumin (HSA) with polycations [polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), poly-l-arginine hydrochloride (PLA), and poly-l-lysine hydrobromide (PLL)] have been prepared using template synthesis with a porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. Visible absorption spectra of the multilayered thin film of the polycation and HSA on a quartz plate showed alternate LbL film formation of (polycation/HSA)n.
Single Crystal Growth of CaMn2O4 and CaMn3O6 in Molten CaCl2
Authors: Fukabori Akihiro , Awaka Junji , Takahashi Yasuhiko , Kijima Norihito , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Akimoto Junji 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
We developed a novel growth route for oxide crystals in the Ca–Mn–O system. Single crystals of CaMn2O4 and CaMn3O6 were obtained by heating starting Na0.44MnO2 polycrystalline samples in molten CaCl2 salt at 950 and 850 °C, respectively. The as-grown CaMn2O4 crystals were black in color; they also had a polyhedral shape with a maximum dimension of 0.7×0.5×0.3 mm3. In the case of CaMn3O6, needle-like single crystals having average lengths of up to 0.2 mm were successfully grown at 850 °C for the first time.
Solvation Structure of Polyacrylamide Fine Particle Surfaces Studied by Picosecond Time-resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Sakamaki Tsutomu , Fujino Tatsuya , Hosoi Haruko , Tahara Tahei , Korenaga Takashi 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence measurements using fluorescent probe molecule (C153) were carried out to understand chemical properties around polyacrylamide (PAAm) fine particles. The solvation structure around the PAAm fine particle was investigated by changing the particle size and the length of hydrophilic polymer chains.
Addition of Al2O3 or Cr2O3 Promotes Metal Reduction in a CoO–NiO–MgO Solid Solution Catalyst for CH4/H2O Reforming
Authors: Nagaoka Katsutoshi , Hashimoto Yusaku , Sato Katsutoshi , Wakatsuki Toshiya , Nishiguchi Hiroyasu , Takita Yusaku 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Addition of Al2O3 or Cr2O3 promotes metal reduction in a CoO–NiO–MgO solid solution catalyst and provides great resistance to oxidative deactivation in steam reforming of methane.
Synthesis of Zr-grafted SBA-15 as an Effective Support for Cobalt Catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Liu Yanyong , Murata Kazuhisa , Okabe Kiyomi , Hanaoka Toshiaki , Sakanishi Kinya 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Zr-grafted SBA-15 is the most effective support among Zr-modified SBA-15 materials prepared by various methods for supporting Co catalyst in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis due to the large BET surface area of the support and the strong interaction between Zr promoter and Co catalyst.
Measurement Environment Dependency of Single Molecule Conductance
Authors: Taniguchi Masateru , Morimoto Kosuke , Tsutsui Makusu , Kawai Tomoji 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
In order to investigate the measurement environment dependency of single molecule conductance, the lifetime of Au single-atom contacts and the conductance of a metal complex were investigated in solution and vacuum using a nanofabricated, mechanically controllable break junction (nano-MCBJ). The lifetime of Au single-atom contacts in a solution is shorter than that in vacuum. Single molecule conductance of a metal complex was found to be independent of the measurement environment.
Directed organ donation: is the donor the owner?
Authors: Cronin Antonia J , Price David 
Published: August 2008

The issue of directed donation of organs from deceased donors for transplantation has recently risen to the fore, given greater significance by the relatively stagnant rate of deceased donor donation in the UK. Although its status and legitimacy is explicitly recognized across the USA, elsewhere a more cautious, if not entirely negative, stance has been taken. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the Human Tissue Act 2004, and in Scotland the Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006, are both silent in this regard. Although so-called conditional donation, donation to (or perhaps withheld from) a specific class, has been outlawed as a product of guidance issued by the Secretary of State for Health issued in the wake of the controversial incident occurring in the North of England in 1998, its intended application to ‘directed’ donation is less certain. Directed and conditional donations challenge the traditional construct of altruistic donation and impartial (equitable) allocation in a very immediate and striking fashion. They implicitly raise important questions as to whether the body or parts of the body are capable of being owned, and by whom. This paper attempts to explore the notion of donor ownership of body parts and its implications for both directed and conditional donation.
Genotypic distribution of hepatitis C among hepatitis C and HIV co-infected patients in Brazil
Authors: Mendes-Correa M C , Cavalheiro N P , Mello C , Barone A A , Gianini R J 
Published: August 2008

Summary: Information on hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypic distribution among HIV-HCV co-infected patients is lacking in Brazil as well as other Latin American countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of exposure to different risk factors associated with HCV transmission among a group of co-infected patients and to characterize the genotypic distribution of HCV in this cluster. A series of 100 HIV-HCV co-infected patients was analysed. The data to be analysed were collected from specific laboratory tests. Information was collected through a questionnaire. HCV genotyping was carried out by sequencing the 5′ non-coding region of HCV. Chi-square and Fischer association tests or Kruskal-Wallis test were used to study the association between HCV transmission-related variables and the established genotypes. In conclusion, exposure to multiple risk factors associated with HCV transmission was common among HIV co-infected patients and an association between HCV genotype 3 and intravenous drug user was observed.
How men with non-chlamydial, non-gonococcal urethritis are managed in Australasia
Authors: Teague R , Fairley C K , Newton D , Bradshaw C , Donovan B , Bowden F , Cummings R , Chen M Y 
Published: August 2008

Summary: The aim of this study was to ascertain how sexual health physicians in Australia and New Zealand manage men with chlamydia-negative non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), particularly in relation to the notification of their female sexual partners. In July 2006, a cross-section survey was sent out to all the members of the Australasian Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine. Seventy-three percent of sexual health physicians believed that female partners of men who present with chlamydia-negative NGU were at risk of adverse reproductive health outcomes. At least 62% usually initiated some form of partner notification of female partners of men with chlamydia-negative NGU. However, only 19% (21/111) of sexual health physicians routinely tested for, and only 65% sometimes tested for, pathogens other than Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in men presenting with NGU. These included Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus, ureaplasma species, Trichomonas vaginalis and adenoviruses.
Expanding HIV rapid testing via point-of-care paraprofessionals
Authors: Knapp Herschel , Anaya Henry D , Feld Jamie E 
Published: August 2008

Summary: HIV counselling and testing has traditionally been performed by highly trained professionals in clinical settings. With HIV rapid testing, a reliable and easy to use diagnostic tool, paraprofessionals can be trained to administer on-site HIV testing in a variety of non-traditional settings, broadening the HIV detection rates. Our objective was to create a robust and sustainable paraprofessional training module to facilitate off-site HIV rapid testing in non-clinical settings. Trainees attended a series of training sessions involving HIV education, rapid test instructions and communication techniques. After these sessions, trainees competently carried out HIV rapid testing in homeless shelters throughout the Los Angeles county. Agencies motivated to expand HIV screening programmes may use trained paraprofessionals to administer a full range of services (recruitment, pretest counselling, test administration, interpretation of results, post-test counselling and documentation) through this training model and enabling more highly trained healthcare providers to focus efforts on patients identified as HIV-positive.
Black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men: a London genitourinary medicine clinic experience
Authors: Soni S , Bond K , Fox E , Grieve A P , Sethi G 
Published: August 2008

Summary: The aim was to examine sexual behaviour and rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in black and minority ethnic (BME) men who have sex with men (MSM) attending a London genitourinary medicine clinic. A case-note review of BME MSM (n = 203) attending our service between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 was carried out. BME MSM were those who self-identified as being of Black (Caribbean, African or Other), South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan) and Chinese/South-East Asian (Malaysian, Thai, Filipino, Japanese) ethnicities. Consecutively attending self-identified white British (WB) MSM (n = 203) were used as a comparative group. BME MSM were significantly more likely to report unprotected anal intercourse with casual male partners in the preceding three months (P = 0.0016) and were more likely to report female sexual partners (P = 0.0018). Rectal gonorrhoea was more common in WB MSM (P = 0.02). Numbers of other bacterial STIs and HIV infection were similar in both groups. The higher reported rates of risk behaviour in BME MSM are of concern and support the need for focussed sexual health promotion.
Successful prevention of multidrug resistant HIV mother-to-child transmission with enfuvirtide use in late pregnancy
Authors: Madeddu Giordano , Calia Giovanna Maria , Campus Maria Licinia , Lovigu Carla , Mannazzu Marco , Olmeo Paolina , Mela Maria Graziella , Mura Maria Stella 
Published: August 2008

Summary: The availability of antiretroviral therapy has dramatically reduced the risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). However, mothers infected with multidrug resistant HIV (MDR-HIV) are at increased risk of MTCT. We report the case of a pregnant patient infected with MDR-HIV in whom MTCT was avoided with enfuvirtide use in late pregnancy and elective caesarean section.
Attending an STI Foundation course increases chlamydia testing in primary care, but not HIV testing
Authors: Bailey A C , Dean G , Hankins M , Fisher M 
Published: August 2008

Summary: The Sexually Transmitted Infection Foundation course (STIF) is a recommended training course for UK general practitioners (GPs) and others delivering sexual health services in the community. We assessed the impact of attending the course on testing for HIV and chlamydia. Thirty-one GPs attending Brighton STIF courses were identified and the laboratory database was searched to identify all chlamydia and HIV tests they requested in the three months prior to attending, the first three months after attending and the subsequent three months. Three hundred and eight chlamydia tests were performed precourse, 390 postcourse and 342 in the following three months. This represented a significant increase from baseline to postcourse (P = 0.007), which was lost by three to six months (P = 0.25). The proportion of positives did not change. A total of 98, 111 and 131 HIV tests were performed in the three time periods of which; none were positive. Barriers other than training may need to be overcome to increase HIV testing in primary care.
Selection Mapping of Loci for Quantitative Disease Resistance in a Diverse Maize Population
Authors: Wisser Randall J , Murray Seth C , Kolkman Judith M , Ceballos Hernán , Nelson Rebecca J 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe selection response of a complex maize population improved primarily for quantitative disease resistance to northern leaf blight (NLB) and secondarily for common rust resistance and agronomic phenotypes was investigated at the molecular genetic level. A tiered marker analysis with 151 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in 90 individuals of the population indicated that on average six alleles per locus were available for selection. An improved test statistic for selection mapping was developed, in which quantitative trait loci (QTL) are identified through the analysis of allele-frequency shifts at mapped multiallelic loci over generations of selection. After correcting for the multiple tests performed, 25 SSR loci showed evidence of selection. Many of the putatively selected loci were unlinked and dispersed across the genome, which was consistent with the diffuse distribution of previously published QTL for NLB resistance. Compelling evidence for selection was found on maize chromosome 8, where several putatively selected loci colocalized with published NLB QTL and a race-specific resistance gene. Analysis of F2 populations derived from the selection mapping population suggested that multiple linked loci in this chromosomal segment were, in part, responsible for the selection response for quantitative resistance to NLB.