bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenium in the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Gärtner Roland , Gasnier Barbara C. H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe recently conducted a prospective, placebo‐controlled clinical study, where we could demonstrate, that a substitution of 200 μg sodium selenite for three months in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis reduced thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab) concentrations significantly. Forty‐seven patients from the initially 70 patients agreed to participate in a follow‐up cross‐over study for further six months. One group (n = 13), which initially received selenium continued to take 200 μg sodium selenite (Se‐Se), one group stopped taking selenium (Se‐0) ( n = 9), another group which received placebo started to take 200 μg selenium (n = 14) (Plac‐Se) and the last group was without selenium substitution (Plac‐0) (n = 11). TPO‐Ab concentrations were measured at beginning and the end of the study. In the Se‐Se group, the TPO‐Ab concentrations further significantly p = 0.004) decreased from 625 ± 470 U/ml to 354 ± 321 U/ml, in the Se‐0 group the TPO‐Ab concentrations increased significantly p = 0.017) from 450 ± 335 to 708 ± 313 U/ml. In the placebo group, the TPO‐Ab concentrations in those patients who were followed without selenium substitution were unchanged (1351 ± 940 vs. 1724 ± 1112 U/ml, p = 0.555). In contrast, the patients who received 200 μg sodium selenite after placebo, the TPO‐Ab concentrations decreased significantly (p = 0.029) from 1182 ± 723 to 643 ± 477 U/ml.
Dietary flavonoids and iodine metabolism
Authors: Schröder‐Van der Elst Janny P. , Smit Jan W. A. , Romijn Hans A. , van der Heide Daan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFlavonoids have inhibiting effects on the proliferation of cancer cells, including thyroidal ones. In the treatment of thyroid cancer the uptake of iodide is essential. Flavonoids are known to interfere with iodide organificationin vitro, and to cause goiter. The influence of flavonoids on iodine metabolism was studied in a human thyroid cancer cell line (FTC‐133) transfected with the human sodium/iodide transporter (NIS). All flavonoids inhibited growth, and iodide uptake was decreased in most cells. NIS mRNA expression was affected during the early hours after treatment, indicating that these flavonoids can act on NIS. Pendrin mRNA expression did not change after treatment. Only myricetin increased iodide uptake. Apeginin, luteolin, kaempferol and F21388 increased the efflux of iodide, leading to a decreased retention of iodide. Instead myricetin increased the retention of iodide; this could be of use in the radioiodide treatment of thyroid cancer.
Expression of β‐catenin in external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC)
Authors: Naim Ramin , Riedel Frank , Bran Gregor , Hörmann Karl 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExternal auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) is a chronic inflammation of the external auditory canal and is composed of hyperproliferative epithelium. The upward migration of the epithelial cells requires permanent breakdown and reformation of intercellular connection. This is established by the modulation of the adherent junctions consisting of an E‐Cadherin‐β‐catenin complex. Dissociated β‐catenin intranuclearly enables persistent activation of downstream transcription and growth factors and decreases the integrity of tissue. In our study we examined EACC and normal meatal auditory skin taken from 16 patients between 23 and 74 years of age. Immunostaining for β‐catenin was used for semiquantitative description of the specimens after assessing hematoxylin‐eosin‐stained slides. β‐catenin was expressed in all layers of AMS‐epithelium, whereas in EACC only basal layer of the matrix epithelium showed positive immunostaining for β‐catenin. In the suprabasal layer of the epithelium only faint reactivity was detectable. The immunostaining was restricted to the membrane of the cells. We assumed that either the content of membranous β‐catenin was decreased or β‐catenin was changed due to molecular modification. It is known that stimulation of endothelial cells by certain growth factors, β‐catenin is maximally phosphorylated. In regard to the increased loss of immunoreactivity for β‐catenin in the suprabasal layers of the hyperplastic EACC‐matrix, we assumed bio‐molecular modification or loss of β‐catenin decreasing the cell‐cell‐integrity. Furthermore, this might result in desquamation of keratinocytes and accumulation of dead keratin debrids. In sum, this study should be understood as a descriptive analysis of β‐catenin expression in EACC.
Oxidation of carotenoids by heat and tobacco smoke
Authors: Hurst John S. , Contreras Janice E. , Siems Werner G. , Van Kuijk Frederik J.G.M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe stability to autoxidation of the polar carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, was compared to that of the less polar carotenoids, β‐carotene and lycopene at physiologically or pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of 2 and 6 μM, after exposure to heat or cigarette smoke. Three methodological approaches were used: 1) Carotenoids dissolved in solvents with different polarities were incubated at 37 and 80°C for different times. 2) Human plasma samples were subjected to the same temperature conditions. 3) Methanolic carotenoid solutions and plasma were also exposed to whole tobacco smoke from 1–5 unfiltered cigarettes. The concentrations of individual carotenoids in different solvents were determined spectrophotometrically. Carotenoids from plasma were extracted and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Carotenoids were generally more stable at 37 than at 80°C. In methanol and dichloromethane the thermal degradation of β‐carotene and lycopene was faster than that of lutein and zeaxanthin. However, in tetrahydrofuran β‐carotene and zeaxanthin degraded faster than lycopene and lutein. Plasma carotenoid levels at 37°C did not change, but decreased at 80°C. The decrease of β‐carotene and lycopene levels was higher than those for lutein and zeaxanthin. Also in the tobacco smoke experiments the highest autoxidation rates were found for β‐carotene and lycopene at 2 μM, but at 6 μM lutein and zeaxanthin depleted to the same extent as β‐carotene. These data support our previous studies suggesting that oxidative stress degrade β‐carotene and lycopene faster than lutein and zeaxanthin. The only exception was the thermal degradation of carotenoids solubilized in tetrahydrofuran, which favors faster breakdown of β‐carotene and zeaxanthin.
Inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on expression of adhesion molecules on neutrophils and endothelial cells
Authors: Imamoto Eiko , Yoshida Norimasa , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Kuroda Masaaki , Kokura Satoshi , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Naito Yuji , Tanigawa Toru , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe interaction between leukocytes and the vascular endothelial cells (EC) via cellular adhesion molecules plays an important role in various inflammatory and immune diseases. It has been suggested that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors) might be involved in the control of inflammation and in modulating the expression of various cytokines. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory properties of PPAR‐γ activators, as well as the inhibitory effect of PPAR‐γ on the expression of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Pioglitazone, a synthetic PPAR‐γ activator, suppressed the increase of CD11b/CD18 expression on FMLP‐activated leukocytes, as detected by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. However, the FMLP‐induced elevation of cytosolic Ca+2 in leukocytes was not suppressed by pioglitazone. Pioglitazone inhibited the expression of VCAM‐1 protein and mRNA on activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) after IL‐1β stimulation, as detected by ELISA and real‐time PCR. However, it showed little effect on the expression of ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin. The present study revealed that pioglitazone can influence monocyte‐EC binding by inhibiting VCAM‐1 expression on activated EC and neutrophil‐EC binding by inhibiting upregulation of CD11b/CD18 on activated neutrophils. Accordingly, pioglitazone may be useful for treating inflammatory diseases.
Effect of reduced oxygen tension on reactive oxygen species production and activity of antioxidant enzymes in swine granulosa cells
Authors: Basini Giuseppina , Grasselli Francesca , Bianco Federico , Tirelli Martina , Tamanini Carlo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDuring follicle growth swine granulosa cells are physiologically exposed to a progressive oxygen shortage. It has already been shown that hypoxia stimulates angiogenesis through an increase of VEGF production, however, despite considerable progress in the understanding of the final events induced by cellular hypoxia, the signal transduction pathway remains elusive. Recent evidence suggest a role for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as hypoxia signal transducer.Granulosa cells were isolated from pig follicles (> 5 mm) and cultured for 18 h in normoxic (19% O2), hypoxic (5% O2) or anoxic (1% O2) conditions. Following the incubation ROS ( O2−and H2O2) production and the activity of scavenging enzymes (SOD, catalase and peroxidase) were determined.It was apparent from our data that ROS generation was reduced by hypoxia. On the contrary, SOD and peroxidase, but not catalase, increased their activity. Further studies are needed to verify whether ROS are involved in signalling hypoxia.
Stem cell factor and H2O2induce GLUT1 translocation in M07e cells
Authors: Maraldi Tullia , Fiorentini Diana , Prata Cecilia , Landi Laura , Hakim Gabriele 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis work aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the early activation of glucose transport in hematopoietic M07e cells by stem cell factor (SCF) and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) as H2O2. SCF and H2O2increase Vmax for glucose transport; this enhancement is due to a higher content in GLUT1 in plasma membranes, possibly through a translocation from intracellular stores. Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases or phospholipase C (PLC) remove glucose transport enhancement and prevent translocation. The inhibitory effect of STI‐571 suggests a role for c‐kit tyrosine kinase on glucose transport activation not only by SCF, but also by H2O2. On the other hand, neither protein kinase C nor phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase appear to be involved in the acute activation of glucose transport. Our data suggest that i) in M07e cells, SCF and exogenous H2O2elicit a short‐term activation of glucose transport through a translocation of GLUT1 from intracellular stores to plasma membranes; ii) both stimuli could share at least some signaling pathways leading to glucose uptake activation, involving protein tyrosine kinases and PLC iii) H2O2could act increasing the level of tyrosine phosphorylation through the inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases and mimicking the regulation role of endogenous ROS.
Oxidative status of human milk and its variations during cold storage
Authors: Miranda María , Muriach María , Almansa Inmaculada , Jareño Enrique , Bosch‐Morell Francisco , Romero Francisco J. , Silvestre Dolores 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBreastfeeding and human milk are widely accepted as optimal for human infants' nutrition. Nowadays lifestyle often makes it difficult to maintain or even initiate human lactation. This situation is mostly related to the workload of women away from home. New approaches are needed to enable maternal lactation under these circumstances. Human breastmilk storage for differed use is one possibility. The aim of this study was to assess changes in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and in the concentration of the lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), when human milk was kept refrigerated or frozen. Thirty‐two human milk samples were assayed for GPx activity and MDA concentration. Samples were divided in three aliquot portions, the first to be immediately analysed, the second to be refrigerated at 4°C and analysed 24 h thereafter, and the third to be frozen at ‐20°C and assayed after 10 days. GPx activity was significantly decreased in refrigerated and in frozen milk, when compared to their control samples. MDA was increased only in refrigerated milk but not in frozen samples. Thus, freezing seems better than refrigeration in order to prevent lipid peroxidation in stored human milk samples.
Dietary fat composition modifies the effect of boron on bone characteristics and plasma lipids in rats
Authors: Nielsen Forrest H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFemale and male rats weighing about 170 g and 200 g, respectively, were fed diets (∼70 μ boron/kg) in a factorial arrangement with supplemental boron at 0 (deficient) and 3 (adequate) mg/kg and canola oil or palm oil at 75 g/kg of diet as variables. After 5 weeks, six females in each treatment were bred. Dams and pups continued on their respective dietary treatments through gestation, lactation and post‐weaning. Thirteen weeks after weaning, plasma and bones were collected from 12 male and 12 female offspring in each treatment. Boron supplementation increased femur strength measured by the breaking variable bending moment; tibial calcium and phosphorus concentrations; and plasma alkaline phosphatase. Femur breaking stress was greatest in boron‐supplemented rats fed canola oil, and lowest in boron‐deprived females fed canola oil; this group also exhibited the lowest femur bending moment. Minerals associated with bone organic matrix, zinc and potassium, were increased by boron supplementation in tibia. Plasma phospholipids were decreased by boron deprivation in females, but not males. Plasma cholesterol was decreased in boron‐supplemented males by replacing canola oil with palm oil. The findings suggest that a diet high in omega‐3 α‐linolenic acid promotes femur strength best when the dietary boron is adequate.
ROS production and Glut1 activity in two human megakaryocytic cell lines
Authors: Prata Cecilia , Maraldi Tullia , Zambonin Laura , Fiorentini Diana , Hakim Gabriele , Landi Laura 
Published: December 2008

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly recognised as intracellular messengers in signal transduction following receptor activation by a variety of bioactive peptides including growth factors, cytokines and hormones. In this study ROS production and glucose transport activity were evaluated in the growth factor dependent M07e cells and in B1647 cells, not requiring additional hematopoietic cytokines for growth: the aim was to investigate whether ROS could be involved in the regulation of Glut1‐mediated glucose uptake in both cell lines. The effect of the synthetic superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenger EUK‐134 on DOG uptake activity and intracellular ROS formation supports the concept of reactive oxygen species as signalling molecules. In order to investigate ROS generation sources, diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of flavoprotein centres and apocynin, an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, were used: they inhibit both ROS production and glucose uptake activation. All these data support the hypothesis that ROS can contribute to the regulation of glucose transport, not only in M07e cells but also in B1647 cells; we could speculate that one possible source of ROS, linked somehow with Glut1 activity, can be a NAD(P)H oxidase similar to that one present in phagocytic cells.
Accumulation of copper in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats, a preliminary study
Authors: Minakata Kayoko , Kawai Kaori , Horio Fumihiko , Takeuchi Hiroichi , Suzuki Osamu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMineral levels such as Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca and Mg in organs of spontaneously hypertensive osteogenic disorder Shionogi rat (SHR‐od) were compared with those of normotensive osteogenic disorder Shionogi rat (ODS). The effect of vitamin C deficiency was also examined for both strains. Cu levels in kidney of SHR‐od increased to 2.2 times and 5.0 times that of ODS at 6‐week old and 30‐week old, respectively, although the effect of vitamin C deficiency was not observed in Cu levels of five organs examined. The effect of vitamin C deficiency appeared in the change in the other mineral levels almost similarly for both SHR‐od and ODS rats at 30‐week old; the decrease of Fe in liver, spleen and lung, whereas the increase of Zn in liver, Ca in heart and Mg in spleen, respectively.
Effects of gender on kidney function in magnesium‐deficient rats
Authors: Matsuzaki Hiroshi , Nemoto Tomoko , Fuchigami Masaaki , Uehara Mariko , Suzuki Kazuharu , Nakamura Kahoru 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the gender differences in the kidney function of magnesium (Mg)‐deficient rats. Male and female rats were fed a control diet or a Mg‐deficient diet for 21 d. Mg‐deficient diet had no significant effect on kidney calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) concentration in male rats, while Ca and P concentrations in female rats were significantly higher in Mg‐deficient rats than in the control rats. With regard to indicators of kidney function, no significant differences in creatinine clearance and serum urea nitrogen concentration were observed among the groups. Serum albumin concentrations were significantly lower in rats fed the Mg‐deficient diet than in rats fed the control diet. In both sexes, urinary albumin excretion was significantly higher in rats fed the Mg‐deficient diet than in rats fed the control diet. Gender differences had no significant influence on creatinine clearance, serum urea nitrogen concentration, serum albumin concentration and urinary albumin excretion. These results suggest that gender differences have no effect on kidney function in Mg‐deficient rats under the condition used.
A bitter melon extract inhibits the P‐glycoprotein activity in intestinal Caco‐2 cells: Monoglyceride as an active compound
Authors: Konishi Tomoko , Satsu Hideo , Hatsugai Yasuo , Aizawa Koichi , Inakuma Takahiro , Nagata Shinji , Sakuda Sho‐Hei , Nagasawa Hiromichi , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is a 170 kDa membrane protein that belongs to the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. In normal tissues, P‐gp functions as an ATP‐dependent efflux pump that excretes highly hydrophobic xenobiotic compounds, playing an important role in protecting the cells/tissues from xenobiotics. In the present study, chemical substances that could directly modulate the intestinal P‐gp activity were searched in vegetables and fruits. By using human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells as a model of the small intestinal cells, we observed that a bitter melon fraction extracted from 40% methanol showed the greatest increase of the rhodamine‐123 accumulation by Caco‐2 cells. Inhibitory compounds in the bitter melon fraction were then isolated by HPLC using Pegasil C4 and Pegasil ODS columns. The HPLC fraction having the highest activity was analyzed by 1H‐NMR and FAB‐MS, and the active compound was identified as 1‐monopalmitin. It is interesting that certain types of monoglyceride might be involved in the drug bioavailability by specifically inhibiting the efflux mediated by P‐gp.
Induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells by naturally fermented sugar cane vinegar (kibizu) of Amami Ohshima Island
Authors: Mimura Akio , Suzuki Yoshihiro , Toshima Youhei , Yazaki Shin‐Ichi , Ohtsuki Takashi , Ui Sadaharu , Hyodoh Fuminori 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNaturally fermented vinegar such as Kibizu (sugar cane vinegar in Amami Ohshima, Japan), Kurozu (black rice vinegar in Kagoshima, Japan), Kouzu (black rice vinegar in China) and red wine vinegar in Italy had potent radical‐scavenging activity analyzed by DPPH method. For the elucidation of food factor for cancer prevention contained in naturally fermented vinegar, the induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cell HL‐60 was investigated with sugar cane vinegar Kibizu. Fraction eluted by 40% methanol from Amberlite XAD 2 chromatography of sugar cane vinegar showed potent radical scavenging activity. The fraction also showed the activity repressing growth of typical human leukemia cells such as HL‐60, THP‐1, Molt‐4, U‐937, Jurkat, Raji and K‐562. On the other hand, the fraction did not have any growth inhibition activity against human fetal lung cell TIG‐1. The most potent radical‐scavenging activity and the growth repression activity of the leukemia cell were observed in the same chromatographic fraction of methanol 40%.From cell sorting FACS analyses, electron microscopic observations and cytochemical staining of chromatin and nuclear segments in human leukemia cell HL‐60 treated with the active fraction, it was concluded that apoptosis was induced in the leukemia cell by the fraction of sugar cane vinegar and resulted in the repression of growth of the human leukemia cells.Chromatographic fraction of sugar cane juice eluted by 20% methanol showed potent activities of radical‐scavenging and growth repression of HL‐60. These results led us the consideration that active components in sugar cane juice could be converted to more lipophilic compounds with activity to induce apoptosis in HL‐60 by microbial fermentation with yeast and acetic acid bacteria.
Effects of diet composition on mutagenic activity in urine
Authors: Ohara Akihiro , Matsuhisa Tsugio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effects of dietary habits on mutagenic activity in urine were investigated using the umu test based on the use of the genetically engineered bacteria Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 pSK1002. Genotoxic effects in sample urine were detected by measuring the activation of the SOS response in the bacteria and recording the β‐ galactosidase activity. Human subjects consisted of smokers and non‐smokers. Urine from subjects who consumed fish showed the highest mutagenic activity, followed by the urine samples from subjects who ate pork or beef. Chicken induced a low level of mutagenic activity. When the subjects ate fried or roasted animal foods, the urine samples gave higher mutagenicity than the urine samples from the subject who consumed non‐fried or non‐roasted animal foods. When the subject ate vegetables along with a diet rich in animal foods, the activity in urine decreased. Herbs and spices gave the same tendency toward decline as vegetables. Non‐smoker urine shower mutagenic activity than samples from smokers.
Anti‐obesity actions of green tea: Possible involvements in modulation of the glucose uptake system and suppression of the adipogenesis‐related transcription factors
Authors: Ashida Hitoshi , Furuyashiki Takashi , Nagayasu Hironobu , Bessho Hiroaki , Sakakibara Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Takashi , Kanazawa Kazuki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo investigate mechanisms of the anti‐obesity actions of green tea in vivo, rats were given green tea instead of drinking water for 3 weeks. It was confirmed that green tea reduced adipose tissue weight without any change in body weight, other tissue weights, and food and water intakes. Green tea also significantly reduced the plasma levels of cholesterols and free fatty acids. Certain catechins existed in the plasma at 0.24 μM under our experimental conditions, though most of them existed as conjugated forms. For mechanisms of the anti‐obesity actions, green tea significantly reduced glucose uptake accompanied by a decrease in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in adipose tissue, while it significantly stimulated the glucose uptake with GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Moreover, green tea suppressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and the activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1 in adipose tissue. In conclusion, green tea modulates the glucose uptake system in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and suppresses the expression and/or activation of adipogenesis‐related transcription factors, as the possible mechanisms of its anti‐obesity actions.