bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Foams. IX. Foaminess and Foam Stability of Polyvinyl Alcohol Solutions
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Goto Kazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The foaminess and foam stability of six polyvinyl alcohol solutions, GH–20, GM–14, GL–05, NH–20, NM–14 and NL–05, were measured by the pour test; the foaminess was represented by the height of the foam zone after 1 min., and the foam stability was represented either by the lingering fraction after 35 min. or by the half life of the foam.
The foaminess of the partially saponified polyvinyl alcohols was greater than that of the perfectly saponified ones of the corresponding molecular weights. Comparing specimens of the same degree of saponification, the foaminess was the greater, the greater the molecular weight. The foaminess was also the greater, the greater the concentration, except for NH, the fomianess of the latter showing a maximum at about 0.2 g./100 ml.
The foam stability of NH and NM was very large, but that of NL was small and showed a maximum at 0.1 g./100 ml. The foam stabilities of GH, GM and GL were small. Comparing the foaminess and the foam stability, these two quantities varied in a parallel manner in the cases of NH, NM, low concentrations of NL, and high concentrations of GM and GL, but in other cases they varied conversely.
Studies of the Cage Effect of Solvent. IV. Dependence of the Cage Combination of Methyl Radicals on Solvent and on Temperature
Authors: Kodama Sukeya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Experimental results for the cage combination of methyl radicals, obtained by the photolysis of azomethane in various solvents, have been discussed with reference to the effects of solvent and temperature. An attempt to interpret the results by treating both the cage combination and the escape of methyl radical from the cage as though they were elementaly processes has been found to be not very successful, probably owing to the over-simplification involved in such a treatment. Another attempt to apply Noyes’s theory, that assumes diffusion in the viscous continuum, has been found to be rather satisfactory. However, a comparison of the theory with the experimental results indicates that the molecular structure of the medium, as well as the structure and property of individual molecules of the solvent, need to be taken into account for a better description of the matter.
Thermal Decomposition of Dimethyl Ether in the Presence of Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide
Authors: Imai Naomi , Toyama Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dimethyl ether has been decomposed in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide over the temperature range 440∼520°C. On increasing the amount of nitric oxide, the rate of decomposition decreases rapidly but after passing through a minimum value it increases linearly with the pressure of nitric oxide. The minimum value of the rate, which is reached in the presence of a small percentage of nitric oxide, is only a fraction of the uninhibited rate, irrespective of the presence of hydrogen sulfide. The rate of decomposition after being maximally inhibited, which is probably molecular in character, is represented by the equation −d[CH3OCH3]⁄dt=k[H2S][CH3OCH3]+k′[NO]·[CH3OCH3], indicating that the inhibited decomposition is catalyzed by hydrogen sulfide and by nitric oxide independently. Arrhenius expressions k=1014.7exp(−43600⁄RT) and k′=1013.4exp(−40500⁄RT)mol−1cc. sec−1 have been obtained.
A Semi-empirical Theory of the π-Electronic Spectra of Aromatic Derivatives
Authors: Nishimoto Kichisuke , Fujishiro Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A semi-empirical theory of the π-electronic spectra of aromatic derivatives based on anti symmetrized molecular orbital method is given and is applied to the calculations of the singlet π-electronic states of hydroquinone and of phloroglucinol. In the theory the core integrals over AO’s of heteroatoms are expressed as the functions of the core integrals over carbon atom 2pπ AO’s. The calculated excitation energies for these molecules agree satisfactorily with the observed ones. In addition, our calculations give some informations with respect to the nature of their electronic state and their first ionization potentials.
Absorption Spectra of Dyes. VII. Some Steric Effects and Auxochrome-Effects on Complex Formation
Authors: Kobayashi Teruaki , Saito Kenzo , Tanizaki Yoshié , Ando Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The absorption spectra of the dyes prepared by coupling disazotized 2S-, H-, chromotropic, NW-, γ- and J- acid with dianisidine, and of their copper derivatives were observed in aqueous solutions of the binary mixture with Chrysophenine G, and were compared with the sum curves of the component absorption spectra.
2. The order of the equilibrium constants for a 1:1 complex formed between the dyes not containing copper and Chrysophenine G was parallel to the respective values of the difference in wave number (Δν cm−1) between maximum positions in the region of 390∼420 mμ of the curve simply added and that observed with the equimolar binary mixture of about 1×10−5mol./1.; it was also parallel to those of the decreasing ratio in optical density (ΔD⁄D) of the mixed system at the first maximum position of the sum curve.
3. Under the same conditions as above, Δν and ΔD⁄D were also determined for the mixture of the copper derivatives and Chrysophenine G. In this case, the copper derivatives of 2S-, H-, and chromotropic acid, in the presence of effective auxochromes, still revealed large values of Δν (ca. 1000 cm−1) and ΔD⁄D (ca. 15%), while the values for the rest of the derivatives were almost zero.
4. Discussing the above results, it was shown that in order to display a spectral change due to the formation of a 1:1 complex in a binary mixture with Chrysophenine G, it is necessary that the partner dye has effective auxochromes (amino, hydroxyl) as terminal groups of a conjugated system. It was also shown that the sulfonic groups which are attached to the terminal naphthalene nuclei act on the structure of the dye itself as a steric factor rather than as an electric effect (repulsion) between the ionic charges in the groups and those of Chrysophenine G, and that the more planar structure, resulting in a smaller steric effect, produces more complex.
Neutron Irradiation of Acetoxime and Acetaldoxime
Authors: Tachikawa Enzo , Tsuchihashi Gen-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The neutron irradiation of acetoxime and acetaldoxime was studied. Degradation of the products obtained from the neutron irradiation of acetoxime shows that the distribution of carbon-14 activity deviates a little from the statistical behavior on account of steric and other effects.
However, the yields of “synthesis” product are found to be proportional to the number of hydrogen atoms available for their formation. Also there seems to be a linear relationship between the yields of “re-entry” or “synthesis” products and the number of atoms available for formation. The present results suggest that the main process forming the “synthesis” products is simple methylation by 14C-methyl or 14C-methylene radicals, while that giving the “re-entry” products is a “knock on” reaction of carbon-12 by carbon-14.
Study on Nickel Oxide-Silica-Alumina Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization. I. Catalyst Activity for Ethylene Polymerization and Selectivity in the Formation of Butene-Isomers
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Imai Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The activity for the ethylene polymerization per unit mass of the catalyst has been found highest for the catalyst with the Al/(Al+Si) ratio of 0.05. The high activity is ascribed to the high specific activity per unit surface area as well as to the large specific surface area of the catalyst. The pore sizes scarcely produce any effect on the catalyst activity.
Even at a very short reaction time, the three isomers of n-butene are produced simultaneously. The ratios both of cis- and of trans-2-butene to 1-butene increase with the reaction time more or less according to the aluminum content, whereas for all the catalysts the ratio between the two 2-butene isomers is kept at values approximate to 1. At the zero extent of reaction, the former ratios, given as a function of the aluminum content, show an increase with the progressively increasing content up to the highest value at the Al/(Al+Si) ratio of 0.1, while the latter remains nearly constant throughout all the catalysts.
For the sake of a convenient explanation of the change in the selectivity as well as in the activity related to the aluminum content of the present catalysts, two kinds of acid sites are suggested as possibly present.
The Infrared Spectra of Carbonyl Compounds in Alcohols
Authors: Minato Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra of some esters, lactones, carbonates, ketones and aldehydes in methanol and t-amyl alcohol have been determined. With few exceptions, they showed either two carbonyl peaks separated by 15∼27cm−1 or a broad carbonyl peak shifted by 9∼19cm−1from the wave number as determined in carbon tetrachloride. The relative intensities of the two bands are independent of the concentration. Some possible explanations for this phenomenon have been discussed, and as a result these doublet carbonyl bands have been attributed to the mono-hydrogen-bonded carbonyl and the di-hydrogen-bonded carbonyl.
The Phase Transition of Crystalline Potassium Thiocyanate, KSCN. I. Thermal and Infrared Studies
Authors: Sakiyama Minoru , Suga Hiroshi , Seki Syûzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phase transition of the potassium thiocyanate crystal at ca. 140°C has been studied by thermal and infrared methods. The transition is of a higher-order type, accompanied by an entropy change of 1.30±0.05 e. u., which is nearly equal to R ln 2. The infrared band due to the in-plane bending vibration of a thiocyanate ion shifts to lower frequencies in the course of the phase transition. From these results, it has been concluded that the phase transition is connected with the dynamical disordering of the direction of thiocyanate ions in crystal, a disordering which is mainly brought about by the frequent excitation of the out-of-plane torsional oscillation and the flipping motion.
Kinetics of the Reaction of N-Arylpyridinium Chloride with Anilines
Authors: Oda Ryohei , Mita Shinji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of the reaction of 2, 4-dinitrophenylpyridinium chloride with ring-substituted anilines in methanol have been estimated by the gravimetry of the produced glutacondialdehyde dianil. The rates have been found to be second-order with aniline and first-order with pyridinium salt. The electron-withdrawal groups in pyridine accelerate the reaction. These facts suggest a mechanism involving a nucleophilic attack of the molecules of aniline on a complex consisting of 2 molecules of aniline and a pyridinium ion. The products of the reaction of 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenylpyridinium chloride with aniline were 2, 4, 6-trinitrodiphenylamine and the dianil.
The Ion-exchange Equilibrium between Cesium and Phenol-sulfonic-acid-type Cation Exchange Resin
Authors: Tsubota Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) In the Cs+–(NH4++NH3) exchange system, the distribution coefficients of cesium can be approximately expressed as follows:
logKd=pH−1.6log[NH4++NH3]−8.8
2) In the Cs+–Na+ and Cs+–K+ exchange systems, the distribution coefficients of cesium can be expressed with a good approximation by:
logKd=0.25log[OH−]−0.90log[Na+]+2.4
and
logKd=0.25log[OH−]−0.90log[K+]+1.7
In the Cs+–NH4+ exchange system, the distribution coefficients of cesium can be expressed by:
logKd=−1.1log[NH4+]+0.62
3) The specific adsorption of cesium by the active phenolic groups is observed when the pH value of the outer solution is above 12, and high selectivity is obtained above 13 for the Cs+–Na+ exchange system. For the Cs+–(NH4++NH3) exchange system, the specific adsorption of cesium is observed above pH 11, and an extremely high selectivity can be obtained when the total concentration of the outer solution is below 1 mol./l.
Magnetic Study of Nitro Group
Authors: Sriraman S , Sabesan R , Srinivasan S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibilities of several disubstituted aromatic nitro compounds were determined by Curie retorsion method. The contribution of the (NO2)1+ to the diamagnetic susceptibility was evaluated by the method suggested by Yang, taking Angus’ modified ionic values.
The Crystal Structure of Tetramethylenediammonium Chloride
Authors: Ashida Tamaichi , Hirokawa Sakutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of tetramethylenediam-monium chloride has been determined by the two-dimensional Fourier method. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, with a=10.73Å, b=8.35Å, c=4.60Å and β=92.5°, and the space group is P21/a. The tetramethylenediammonium ion has been found to possess a center of symmetry of the unit cell, and the carbon and the nitrogen atoms in the ion, make a coplanar (trans-) zigzag chain. Thus, the tetramethylenediammonium ion has been found to have either a trans- or a gauche-configuration, depending on the structures of the crystals. There are four short approaches between nitrogen and chloride ions with lengths of 3.19∼3.28Å ; three of them have been concluded to be hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds make two-dimensional networks of the ions perpendicular to the c-axis. The structure of this crystal is similar to that of ethylenediam-monium chloride, and some comparisons between them have been given.
The Electronic State and Dipole Moment of Diazine Mono-N-oxide
Authors: Kubota Tanekazu , Watanabe Haruyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole moments of pyrazine 1-oxide, 4-methylpyrimidine 1-oxide and pyridazine 1-oxide have been measured in benzene solutions and found to be 1.66, 3.72, and 5.21 D respectively. A comparison of these values with those obtained by the SMO calculation, in which the necessary parameters have been theoretically evaluated in detail by us in previous papers, shows that the agreement between the observed and calculated values is good.
The Photosensitized Oxidation of Leuco-uranine. III. The Kinetics of an Acridine-sensitized Photoöxidation in an Aerated Solution
Authors: Uchida Kengo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mechanism of an acridine-sensitized photoöxidation of leuco-uranine in an aerated solution has been elucidated. The oxidation takes place in a different manner from that in a deaerated solution. That is, oxygen attacks the triplet state of acridine very rapidly and presumably forms a kind of loosely-bound molecular complex. Most of this decomposes into the original acridine and oxygen, so that oxygen suppresses the oxidation of leucouranine occurring in the deaerated solution. Denoting the rate constants of the reactions between the triplet state of acridine and leucouranine and oxygen, respectively, as k5 and k6, the value of k6/k5 is given as 1.3. On the other hand, the oxidation of leucouranine by oxygen becomes apparent in a high oxygen concentration, such as an air-saturated solution. Namely, the molecular complex consisting of the triplet state of acridine and oxygen reacts with leucouranine, and the oxidation of the latter takes place. If one writes the rate constant of this reaction as k8 and that of the reaction in which the molecular complex decomposes into acridine and oxygen as k7, one can evaluate the ratio of \varphik8/k7 from the experimental results, where the value of \varphi is the transition probability in which acridine goes to the triplet state from the excited singlet state. An irreversible decomposition of the dye also competes with the above reactions. Putting its rate constant as k9, the value of \varphik9/k7 has been evaluated. The variation of the ratios of \varphik8/k7 and \varphik9/k7 with the variation in pH values has been interpreted on the basis that the reactivities of leucouranine are different in each ionic species. With the higher values of pH, the quantum yield becomes greater. The quantum yields of the formation of uranine and the irreversible decomposition of the dye have been evaluated as 0.0070 and 0.0055 respectively, yields which are about one thirtieth that in the deaerated solution. In the region of pH values lower than 8, a promoting action of a certain reaction seems to take part in the reaction and the reaction approaches the zeroth order.
Molecular Vibrations and Structures of High Polymers. V The Infrared Active Normal Vibrations of Isotactic Polypropylene, Poly(propylene-2-d), Poly(propylene-1,1-d2) and Poly(propylene-3,3,3-d3) in the 1500∼650 cm−1 Region
Authors: Miyazawa Tatsuo , Ideguchi Yoshiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared active normal vibrations of isotactic polypropylene and its deuterated derivatives in the crystalline state have been treated by the general method derived previously. The modified Urey-Bradley force field has been used; the trans- and gauchecoupling potential terms for the H–C–C angles and the angle-interaction terms for the methylene group have been added to the Urey-Bradley force field. A total of 16 potential constants have been adjusted by the method of least squares, and a total of about 100 infrared-active frequencies have been calculated with the r.m.s. frequency deviation as small as 1.1%. The potential energy distributions have been calculated, together with the normal modes, and the nature of the inferred bands observed in the 1500∼650 cm−1 region have been elucidated. Vibrational assignments for the well-defined liquid bands of isotactic polypropylene and its deuterated derivatives have also been made.
The Crystal Structure of Purpureo Salt, [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
Authors: Shigeta Yoshihiko , Komiyama Yoshimichi , Kuroya Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 has been determined by the two-dimensional Fourier method. The orthorhombic unit cell has dimensions of a=13.34, b=10.33 and c=6.73 Å, and it contains four formula units.
The space group is Pnma-D2h16.
The shape and the size of a complex ion were found to be approximately similar to those of the crystal of the corresponding rhodium(III) compound.
One NH3 group is co-ordinated to the central cobalt atom in the trans position to the chlorine atom; the Co-N(1) distance is 1.91Å, rather shorter than the four other Co-N distances, 1.97Å.
A Consideration of the Q-e Scheme. IV. A Theoretical Approach to Price-Alfrey’s Polarity Term
Authors: Kawabata Nariyoshi , Fueno Takayuki , Tsuruta Teiji , Furukawa Junji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Previously, we pointed out the correlations of the P-, Q- and e-terms with the components of the conjugation-stabilization energy between monomers and attacking radicals. In the present paper, the effect of heteroatoms on the components of the stabilization energy was investigated. For each series of isoelectronic monomers, in which a fixed carbon atom of a reference monomer (ethylene, styrene, butadiene or another neutral monomer) is replaced by a heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen, etc.), we obtained the relations: lnQ−lnQ0=(Cm⁄RT)(δX)2, P∞exp(Cr⁄RT)(δY)2, eR=−\sqrtC′rm⁄RT(δY) and eM=−\sqrtC′rm⁄RT(δX). Here, Cm, Cr and C′rm are positive constants characteristic of the monomer series, while δX and δY are the Coulomb integral increments of the heteroatoms (relative to a carbon atom) in the monomer X and the radical Y respectively. Q0 is the Q-value of the reference monomer of the series. The e-values of the reference monomers were all assumed to be zero. The opinions of Price and Alfrey that the polarity term is the product of eR and eM and that eR1=eM1 for the radical and the monomer of type 1 seem to be not only convenient but also reasonable for a series of monomers having a same skeletal structure. The π-electronic charges, qR and qM, on the end groups of the radical and the monomer seem to be correlated with eR and eM in such a manner that eR=−(\sqrtC′rm⁄RT⁄CR)qR and eM=−(\sqrtC′rm⁄RT⁄CM)qM Here, CR and CM are negative constants characteristic of the series of monomers. The correlation of the polarity term with the electrostatic interaction between the charges of the radical and the monomer seems to be ascribable to these relations.
Studies on the Absorptiometric Determination of Microamounts of Boron. V. The Necessity of Methyl or Ethyl Oxalate in the Color Reaction of Boric Acid with Curcumin
Authors: Miyamoto Masatoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The coloration of microamounts of boric acid with an ethanolic solution takes place in the presence of oxalic, but not in that of other acids. Near-ultraviolet, visible, and infrared absorption spectroscopic studies have revealed that the aging reaction of an ethanolic curcumin-oxalic acid reagent solution is simply the esterification of the oxalic acid with the solvent used. The resulting diethyl oxalate is necessary to the color reaction. The role of the ester has not been interpreted yet; however, it is so unique that it can be performed only by dimethyl oxalate, not by the other esters. The esterification of oxalic acid in an acetonic reagent solution may be attributed to the presence of alcoholic impurities present in aceton used. The composition of the colored reaction product, rubrocurcumin, presented by Spicer and Strickland has not been substantiated yet in relation to the necessity of the esters to the color reaction.
The Composition of the Volatile Oil Obtained from the Leaves of Torreya nucifera and the Structure of Torreyol
Authors: Sakai Tsutomu , Nishimura Kiichi , Chikamatsu Hiroaki , Hirose Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was found that the volatile oil from the leaves of Torreya nucifera contains limonene, 41.4% ; α-pinene, 23.0% ; myrcene, 6.8 ; terpinolene, 0.7% ; 3-carene, 0.3% ; γ-terpinene, 0.1% ; citronellol, 0.7%; terpinen-4-ol, 0.4%; α-terpineol, 0.3%; methyl salicylate, 0.2% ; phenylethyl acetate, 0.1%; δ-cadinene, 13.6%; γ-cadinene, 2.0%; β-elemene, 0.8%; torreyol (δ-cadinol), 3.1%; ( + )-cadinenol, 1.2%; nerolidol, 0.6%; small amounts of linalool and geraniol; two unknown sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons, 1.8%; an unknown sesquiterpene alcohol, 1.0%, and three unidentified carbonyl compounds.
The Chromatographic Separation of Polyoxyethylene Nonylphenyl Ether
Authors: Ishiwata Takashi , Nagayama Masuzo , Isa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polyoxethylene nonylphenyl ether can be separated with respect to the unit of the oxyethylene radical by applying the chromatographic method, using silicic acid as the adsorbent and a chloroform-acetone mixture as the eluent. Nonylphenol was allowed to react with ethylene oxide in the mole ratio of 1:2 in the presence of metallic sodium as a catalyst at the three different temperatures of 190, 140 and 100°C.
The chromatographic method was applied to the reaction products, and it was shown that the distribution became somewhat narrower at the lower reaction temperature.
A comparison of these results with the theoretical distributions proposed by Flory and by Weibull indicated significant agreement with the latter but a discrepancy with the former. However, when the temperature was rather high, the agreement with the Weibull formula was not good.
Similarly, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether having more than two oxyethylene units could be separated by this method. When \barP=10.3, 14 peaks was obtained from a chromatogram.
The separation and recovery by this method were considerably better than the distillation method, and a better understanding of the distribution of molecular weights was obtained.
The Rearrangement Reaction of Levulinic Acid in a Selenium Dioxide-catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation
Authors: Sonoda Noboru , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The selenium dioxide-catalyzed oxidation of levulinic acid with hydrogen peroxide in t-butyl alcohol gave glutaric acid and methylsuccinic acid as the rearrangement products. The glutaric acid may be formed by the migration of the β-carboxyethyl group to the methyl carbon atom and by the oxidation of the carbonyl group to the carboxyl group, and the formation of methylsuccinic acid may be due to the migration of the methyl group to the methylene carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl group.