bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical stream bed characteristics and recruitment of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera)
Authors: GEIST JUERGEN , AUERSWALD KARL 
Published: June 2007

Summary1. The freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) is endangered and of conservation importance. We used its survival/mortality during the critical post‐parasitic phase as a biological indicator for the habitat quality of the stream substratum.2. We established and tested biological, physical and chemical methods of assessing the stream bed in 26 streams from seven European countries. We analysed penetration resistance, texture, the concentrations and ratios of C, N, S, P, Fe, Mn in fine material <100 μm, and redox, pH and electric conductivity at the surface and at 5 and 10 cm into the substratum.3. Sites with high stream bed quality (promoting pearl mussel populations with good juvenile recruitment) had coarser and better sorted substrata with significantly lower quantities of fines, and a higher Mn concentration in the fines, than poor quality sites. Redox potential (Eh) at sites without recruitment differed markedly between the free‐flowing water at the surface and at 5 and 10 cm in the bed, whereas no differences were detectable at good quality sites. This was also true of electric conductivity and, to a lesser extent, pH. The stream bed at sites lacking pearl mussel recruitment had a more variable and higher penetration resistance, indicating clogging of the interstitial macropore system by the deposition of mud and compaction of the stream bed.4. Our results show that habitat quality for pearl mussels depends strongly on the exchange between the surface and the interstices, which is governed by physicochemical characteristics of the stream substratum. Combined measurements of penetration resistance, depth gradients of Eh and texture were most suitable for assessing stream bed quality, while water chemistry was insufficient because of the decoupling of interstitial and free‐flowing water at poor quality sites.
Major changes in trophic dynamics in large, deep sub‐alpine Lake Maggiore from 1940s to 2002: a high resolution comparative palaeo‐neolimnological study
Authors: MANCA MARINA , TORRETTA BARBARA , COMOLI PATRIZIA , AMSINCK SUSANNE L. , JEPPESEN ERIK 
Published: June 2007

Summary1. We describe the changes in trophic dynamics in Lake Maggiore from c. 1943 to 2002 using subfossil cladoceran data from a high resolution sediment record, long‐term contemporary data series and historical information. During this period the lake went through a eutrophication phase until 1980 followed by oligotrophication.2. During the eutrophication period a major increase occurred in the abundance of Chydorus sphaericus, the proportion of planktonic cladocerans and total abundance of cladocerans in the sediment. Since 1980 the abundance declined again and subfossil Eubosmina mucro length and contemporary Daphnia body length increased, most probably as a result of higher abundance of invertebrate predators.3. Changes in the fish stock composition caused by the introduction of exotic fish during the pre‐eutrophication period and a complete ban on fishing because of Dichloro‐diphenil‐ethanes (DDTs) pollution of the lake (during oligotrophication) could also be detected in the community assemblage and size structure of the sediment zooplankton.4. We found good correspondence between trophic changes inferred from cladoceran subfossils (community composition, size and predation pressure) and contemporary data, suggesting that sediment samples can be used to infer past development in trophic dynamics, including predation by fish and pelagic invertebrates in lakes with scarce neolimnological data.5. Furthermore, by combining palaeolimnological cladoceran data rarely obtained from contemporary samples (e.g. benthic and plant‐associated cladocerans, mucro length of bosminids) with contemporary data of organisms poorly represented in the sediment record (e.g. remains of Bythotrephes and fishes) a more complete understanding of changes in trophic dynamics was obtained.6. The detection in the sediments of meteorological events whose effects on zooplankton had been recorded in the long‐term studies also provided evidence that eutrophication tends to override climate signals.7. We conclude that a combined palaeo‐neolimnological approach can be a powerful tool for elucidating past changes in the trophic dynamics of lakes and the interaction with climate induced changes, not least when high resolution sediment records are available.
The Serra da Mantiqueira, south‐eastern Brazil, as a biogeographical barrier for fishes
Authors: Ingenito Leonardo F. S. , Buckup Paulo A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim  To present a fish fauna survey from rivers draining the south‐western region of the Serra da Mantiqueira, and to investigate the effectiveness of that mountain range as a biogeographical barrier isolating the fish faunas of the Paraíba do Sul basin and the upper Paraná river.Location  Six drainages from the south‐western portion of the Serra da Mantiqueira in the region of Campos do Jordão, Brazil, were studied. They included three drainages belonging to the Paraíba do Sul basin (Piracuama, Grande and Buenos), and three belonging to the Sapucaí basin, Rio Paraná system (Sapucaí‐Mirim, upper Sapucaí and Santo Antônio).Methods  The survey was conducted in two sampling trips supplemented by examination of specimens preserved in museum collections. Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was used to detect the hierarchy of relationships among the six drainages.Results  A total of 47 species of fishes was recorded in the six drainages. The main watershed divide is an effective barrier between the two basins, with 28 species occurring exclusively in the Paraíba do Sul versant, and 15 occurring exclusively on the slope of the Sapucaí basin. The PAE of 18 species with cladistically informative distributions and unproblematic taxonomic diagnoses produced a single area cladogram, with complete congruence among 14 species.Main conclusions  The main Mantiqueira watershed divide is an effective biogeographical barrier isolating the fish faunas of the Paraíba do Sul and the Sapucaí basin (upper Paraná system). Previous hypotheses of a past connection between the upper Paraná and the Paraíba do Sul are not supported by extant species distributions in the Serra da Mantiqueira region. Within‐basin drainage differentiation, however, is relatively low.
Phylogeographic structuring and volant mammals: the case of the pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus)
Authors: Weyandt Sarah E. , Van Den Bussche Ronald A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim To examine the phylogeographic pattern of a volant mammal at the continental scale. The pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) was chosen because it ranges across a zone of well‐studied biotic assemblages, namely the warm deserts of North America.Location The western half of North America, with sites in Mexico, the United States, and Canada.Methods PCR amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial control region was performed on 194 pallid bats from 36 localities. Additional sequences at the cytochrome‐blocus were generated for representatives of each control‐region haplotype.modeltestwas used to determine the best set of parameters to describe each data set, which were incorporated into analyses usingpaup*. Statistical parsimony and measurements of population differentiation (amova,FST) were also used to examine patterns of genetic diversity in pallid bats.Results We detected three major lineages in the mitochondrial DNA of pallid bats collected across the species range. These three major clades have completely non‐overlapping geographic ranges. Only 6 of 80 control‐region haplotypes were found at more than a single locality, and sequences at the more conserved cytochrome‐blocus revealed 37 haplotypes. Statistical parsimony generated three unlinked networks that correspond exactly to clades defined by the distance‐based analysis. On average there wasc. 2% divergence for the combined mitochondrial sequences within each of the three major clades andc. 7% divergence between each pair of clades. Molecular clocks date divergence between the major clades at more than one million years, on average, using the faster rates, and at more than three million years using more conservative rates of evolution.Main conclusions Divergent haplotypic lineages with allopatric distributions suggest that the pallid bat has responded to evolutionary pressures in a manner consistent with other taxa of the American southwest. These results extend the conclusions of earlier studies that found the genetic structuring of populations of some bat species to show that a widespread volant species may comprise a set of geographically replacing monophyletic lineages. Haplotypes were usually restricted to single localities, and the clade showing geographic affinities to the Sonoran Desert contained greater diversity than did clades to the east and west. While faster molecular clocks would allow for glacial cycles of the Pleistocene as plausible agents of diversification of pallid bats, evidence from co‐distributed taxa suggests support for older events being responsible for the initial divergence among clades.
Genetic and morphometric differentiation among island populations of two Norops lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Polychrotidae) on independently colonized islands of the Islas de Bahia (Honduras)
Authors: Klütsch C. F. C. , Misof B. , Grosse W.‐R. , Moritz R. F. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim  Anole lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Polychrotidae) display remarkable morphological and genetic differentiation between island populations. Morphological differences between islands are probably due to both adaptive (e.g. differential resource exploitation and intra‐ or interspecific competition) and non‐adaptive differentiation in allopatry. Anoles are well known for their extreme diversity and rapid adaptive speciation on islands. The main aim of this study was to use tests of morphological and genetic differentiation to investigate the population structure and colonization history of islands of the Islas de Bahia, off the coast of Honduras.Location  Five populations of Norops bicaorum and Norops lemurinus were sampled, four from islands of the Islas de Bahia and one from the mainland of Honduras.Methods  Body size and weight differentiation were measured in order to test for significant differences between sexes and populations. In addition, individuals were genotyped using the amplified fragment length polymorphism technique. Bayesian model‐based and assignment/exclusion methods were used to study genetic differentiation between island and mainland populations and to test colonization hypotheses.Results  Assignment tests suggested migration from the mainland to the Cayos Cochinos, and from there independently to both Utila and Roatán, whereas migration between Utila and Roatán was lacking. Migration from the mainland to Utila was inferred, but was much less frequent. Morphologically, individuals from Utila appeared to be significantly different in comparison with all other localities. Significant differentiation between males of Roatán and the mainland was found in body size, whereas no significant difference was detected between the mainland and the Cayos Cochinos.Main conclusions  Significant genetic and morphological differentiation was found among populations. A stepping‐stone model for colonization, in combination with an independent migration to Utila and Roatán, was suggested by assignment tests and was compatible with the observed morphological differentiation.
PRECLINICAL STUDY: Perinatal exposure to delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol causes enduring cognitive deficits associated with alteration of cortical gene expression and neurotransmission in rats
Authors: Campolongo Patrizia , Trezza Viviana , Cassano Tommaso , Gaetani Silvana , Morgese Maria Grazia , Ubaldi Massimo , Soverchia Laura , Antonelli Tiziana , Ferraro Luca , Massi Maurizio , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Cuomo Vincenzo 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether perinatal exposure to a moderate dose of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alters cortical gene expression and neurotransmission, leading to enduring cognitive dysfunctions in rat offspring. To this purpose, rat dams were treated, from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 9, with THC at a daily dose (5 mg/kg,per os) devoid of overt signs of toxicity. THC did not influence reproduction parameters, whereas it caused subtle neurofunctional deficits in the adult offspring. Particularly, perinatal THC induced long‐lasting alterations of cortical genes related to glutamatergic and noradrenergic systems, associated with a decrease in the cortical extracellular levels of both neurotransmitters. These alterations may account, at least in part, for the enduring cognitive impairment displayed by THC‐exposed offspring. Taken together, the present results highlight how exposure to cannabinoids during early stages of brain development can lead to irreversible, subtle dysfunctions in the offspring.
Differences between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in a large sample of adolescents and adults
Authors: Mølgaard E. , Thomsen S. F. , Lund T. , Pedersen L. , Nolte H. , Backer V. 
Published: June 2007

Background:  The aim of this study was to describe differences between allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) in a large community‐based sample of Danish adolescents and adults.Methods:  A total of 1186 subjects, 14–44 years of age, who in a screening questionnaire had reported a history of airway symptoms suggestive of asthma and/or allergy, or who were taking any medication for these conditions were clinically examined. All participants were interviewed about respiratory symptoms and furthermore skin test reactivity, lung function and airway responsiveness were measured using standard techniques.Results:  A total of 77% of the subjects with rhinitis had AR, whereas 23% had NAR. Subjects with NAR were more likely to be females, OR = 2.05 (1.31–3.20), P = 0.002, to have persistent symptoms within the last 4 weeks, OR = 1.88 (1.23–2.89), P = 0.003, and to have recurring headaches, OR = 1.94, (1.12–3.37), P = 0.019. On the other hand, subjects with NAR were less likely to have airway hyperresponsiveness, OR = 0.40, (0.24–0.66), P < 0.001, food allergy, OR = 0.40, (0.19–0.36), P = 0.009 and to have been treated with antihistamines in the last 4 weeks, OR = 0.22, (0.13–0.38), P < 0.001 compared with subjects with AR. Subjects with AR were symptomatically worse within their season in terms of sneezing (P < 0.001) and itchy eyes (P < 0.001), compared to subjects with NAR, whereas nasal congestion and rhinorrhea were equally frequent in the two groups (P = 0.901 and P = 0.278, respectively).Conclusions:  The proportion of subjects with NAR in an adolescent and adult population with rhinitis is around one‐fourth. Women have NAR twice as often as men. In general, subjects with NAR have more persistent but equally severe symptoms compared to subjects with AR. However, subjects with AR have more sneezing and itchy eyes within their particular season of allergy compared to subjects with NAR.
Psychological factors associated with medication adherence following renal transplantation
Authors: Gremigni Paola , Bacchi Francesca , Turrini Chiara , Cappelli Gianni , Albertazzi Alberto , Bitti Pio Enrico Ricci 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:  Background:  A relationship exists between non‐adherence and clinical outcomes in health care, including renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify the psychological variables associated with non‐adherence to medication after renal transplantation.Methods:  This cross‐sectional study involved 34 patients, 38% male, with a mean age of 49 yr (range 26–70) and a mean of six yr post‐transplantation. Adherence to medication was measured by two items: (i) the frequency of not taking medications and (ii) the frequency of not taking medications exactly as prescribed. The psychological variables were: dispositional coping style (COPE) and five items measuring barriers and perceived characteristics of the medication regimen. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were utilized to examine the data.Results:  Twenty‐four per cent of patients reported less than perfect adherence. Individuals who were younger, who perceived less autonomy in the management of treatment and who were characterized by an active coping style were less likely to adhere to medication. Individuals who perceived less autonomy and a higher level of interference of treatment with their life patterns were less likely to take medication exactly as prescribed.Conclusions:  The finding of this study suggests that adherence to medications after renal transplant is associated with psychological variables, such as coping style and perceived autonomy in the management of treatment. Understanding of the patient’s perspective may help to develop effective interventions to increase the levels of adherence to medications that may result in better clinical outcomes.
Management of portal vein thrombosis in liver transplantation: influence on morbidity and mortality
Authors: Lladó Laura , Fabregat Juan , Castellote José , Ramos Emilio , Torras Jaume , Jorba Rosa , Garcia‐Borobia Francisco , Busquets Juli , Figueras Juan , Rafecas Antoni 
Published: June 2007

Abstract: Background: Splanchnic thrombosis is a surgical challenge in liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to analyze our experience in the management of portal vein thrombosis, and its influence on evolution.Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze our experience in the management of portal vein thrombosis, and its influence on evolution.Patients and methods: Between 1999 and 2004, 366 liver transplants were performed in 335 patients. Forty‐two patients [12.5%: portal vein thrombosis (PVT) group] had portal thrombosis at the time of LT. We analyzed the technical aspects and compared their evolution with a group of patients without portal thrombosis (n = 293; no‐PVT group). Retransplantations were excluded.Results: Of the 42 patients with thrombosis, 18 had partial thrombosis and 16 complete thrombosis [six included the proximal superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and in two the whole splanchnic system]. In 12 cases, usual T‐T anastomosis was performed and in 16 cases a thrombectomy was carried out; there were five cases of anastomosis at confluence of the SMV, five cases of anastomosis to a collateral vein, three cases of venous graft, and one case of cavoportal hemitransposition. The operative time was higher in PVT group (417 ± 103 min vs. 363 ± 83; p = 0.0005), as RBC transfusion (2.4 ± 3.1 vs. 1.9 ± 2.3; p = 0.04), and hospital stay (20.9 ± 14.9 d vs. 15.1 ± 10.6; p = 0.002). However, there were no differences in hospital mortality (4% vs. 7.8%; p = 0.98), primary dysfunction (4.8% vs. 7.8%; p = 0.44), or three‐yr‐actuarial survival (75% vs. 77%; p = 0.95). The incidence of post‐transplant thrombosis was higher in the PVT group (15% vs. 2.4%; p = 0.0005).Conclusions: Portal thrombosis is associated with greater operative complexity and rethrombosis, but has no influence on overall morbidity and mortality.
Single time point measurement by C2 or C3 is highly predictive in cyclosporine area under the curve estimation immediately after lung transplantation
Authors: Hangler Herbert B. , Ruttmann Elfriede , Geltner Christian , Bucher Brigitte , Nagiller Johann , Laufer Guenther , Mueller Ludwig C. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:  Background:  The two h post‐dose cyclosporine (CsA) concentration has been advocated as the optimal time point measurement for CsA area under the curve (AUC) estimation after solid organ transplantation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether intensified CsA monitoring is necessary, or if a single time point measurement is accurate to estimate the AUC in the very early period following lung transplantation (LuTX).Methods:  Within the first two wk following transplantation, daily AUCs were calculated by serial CsA measurements at zero, one, two, three, four, and six h (C0–C6) in 12 consecutive lung transplant recipients. Correlation of single CsA measurements and AUC as well as linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the most predictive single CsA blood level regarding the AUC.Results:  A total of 606 CsA concentration measurements were performed and the 101 corresponding AUCs were calculated for each patient. Mean AUC was 3443 ± 1451 μg/L. C0: 361 ± 118 μg/L, C1: 481 ± 231 μg/L, C2: 682 ± 314 μg/L, C3: 715 ± 347 μg/L, C4: 658 ± 271 μg/L, C6: 571 ± 260 μg/L. The correlation of CsA serum levels with AUC was the lowest at trough levels (C0) with a correlation coefficient (r = 0.31) and highest at three h (C3: r = 0.89) and two h (C2: r = 0.88).Conclusions:  Similar to a stable post‐transplant period, CsA trough levels turned out to have poor correlation with the corresponding AUC early after LuTX. The highest correlation of C3 with the AUC may be explained by delayed intestinal resorption immediately post‐operative, however C2 is a peer parameter. Optimum AUCs and corresponding C2 or C3 levels in the immediate post‐operative phase however remain to be determined.
Pre‐medication with intravenous clonidine suppresses fentanyl‐induced cough
Authors: Horng H.‐C. , Wong C.‐S. , Hsiao K.‐N. , Huh B. K. , Kuo C.‐P. , Cherng C.‐H. , Wu C.‐T. 
Published: June 2007

Background:  A reflex cough is often observed after an intravenous bolus of fentanyl. This study was conducted to determine whether pre‐treatment with intravenous clonidine could effectively attenuate fentanyl‐induced cough.Methods:  Three hundred ASA I–II patients, aged between 18 and 80 years, undergoing various elective surgeries, were enrolled in this study. All patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups treated with intravenous clonidine 2 μg/kg (clonidine group) or the same volume of normal saline (control group). Intravenous fentanyl (2 μg/kg in 2 s) was injected 2 min after the clonidine or normal saline injection. Changes in the hemodynamics, auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) rating scale were recorded before and 2 min after the clonidine or normal saline injection and 1 min after the fentanyl injection. The number of coughs 1 min after the fentanyl injection was also recorded.Results:  Patients in the clonidine group showed a significantly lower incidence of cough than those in the control group (17.3% vs. 38.7%, respectively; P < 0.01). The blood pressure was lower in the clonidine group than in the control group. There were no significant differences in AEP or OAA/S rating scale.Conclusions:  Pre‐treatment with intravenous clonidine (2 μg/kg) suppressed the reflex cough induced by fentanyl, with mild hemodynamic changes. Therefore, intravenous clonidine may be a clinically useful method of suppressing fentanyl‐induced cough.