bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of gastric distention-volvulus on coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in the dog
Authors: Horne W. A. , Gilmore D. R. , Dietze A. E. , Freden G. O. , Short C. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gastric distention-volvulus (gdv; at 50 mm of Hg gastric inflation pressure) was experimentally induced in 8 dogs anesthetized using pentobarbital. Hemodynamic indices including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and coronary blood flow (4 dogs) were measured during a 20-minute period of gdv and for 10 minutes after decompression. Arterial and coronary venous oxygen tensions were also measured for calculation of myocardial oxygen extraction (7 dogs) and myocardial oxygen consumption (4 dogs). Dogs were monitored for 72 hours postoperatively for the occurrence of arrhythmias, then were euthanatized for gross and histologic examination of the heart.
Experimental gdv resulted in significant (P < 0.05) decreases in cardiac output (89%), mean arterial pressure (45%), and coronary blood flow (50%) compared with control values. Myocardial oxygen extraction increased (30%) and overall myocardial oxygen consumption decreased (50%), compared with control values. Evidence of subendocardial necrosis was seen in 6 dogs, 4 of which had developed ventricular arrhythmias 8 to 24 hours postoperatively.
Ultrastructure of normal epiphyseal cartilage of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex in growing swine
Authors: Carlson C. S. , Hilley H. D. , Henrikson C. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Normal epiphyseal cartilage from the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex (a-e complex) of the distal parts of the femur and humerus of growing commercial crossbred boars was collected, embedded in plastic, and studied by light and electron microscopies. The morphology of this cartilage was determined to provide a basis for comparison with cartilage affected with osteochondrosis, an important clinical disease in swine.
Normal epiphyseal cartilage from the a-e complex in growing swine was divided into 4 major regions of cells; resting, proliferating, hypertrophic, and calcifying regions. Cells in the resting zone contained prominent lipid and densely aggregated glycogen. As the cells proliferated and matured, the lipid and glycogen became less prominent. The lipid droplets became smaller and scarcer, and the glycogen became dispersed in the cytoplasm. Proliferating and hypertrophic cells clustered in roughly egg-shaped groups of 4 to 8 cells/plane of section. In the calcifying region, the interterritorial matrix (between cell clusters) calcified, and the territorial matrix (uniting cells in a cluster) remained uncalcified. Calcified matrix extended the depth of one cell group from the area of capillary penetration, and the capillaries invaded by entering a cluster of cells.
Territorial matrices in all regions of a-e complex epiphyseal cartilage were composed of randomly oriented collagen fibrils with a granular fibrillar proteoglycan network dispersed between the fibrils. Heterogeneity of chondrocytes was characterized by the presence of both light- and dark-staining cells in the proliferating through calcifying regions and by 3 morphologically distinct light cell types in the late hypertrophic and calcifying regions.
Production of superoxide anion by bovine pulmonary macrophages challenged with soluble and particulate stimuli
Authors: Dyer Robert M. , Benson Charles E. , Boy Mary G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of opsonized zymosan, phorbal myristate acetate, and live Pasteurella haemolytica on superoxide anion production by bovine pulmonary macrophages were determined. The anion responses were dose-dependent for all stimuli, except for unopsonized P haemolytica. The effect of viable P haemolytica on macrophage viability was related to bacterial dosage and the presence of opsonizing antibody. Superoxide responses varied directly with the dose of opsonized live P haemolytica, but indirectly with macrophage viability.
Effect of vaccination with live or killed Pasteurella haemolytica on resistance to experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis
Authors: Confer A. W. , Panciera R. J. , Fulton R. W. , Gentry M. J. , Rummage J. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Using 6- to 8-month-old beef calves, 3 experiments were conducted to compare the effect of vaccination with live or killed Pasteurella haemolytica on resistance to a transthoracic challenge exposure with the organism and to correlate serum antibody response with resistance. In each experiment, calves were vaccinated twice at 1-week intervals and were challenge exposed 21 days after the first inoculation. Lung lesions were evaluated by a system, such that higher scores indicated the more severe lesions. In each experiment, calves immunized with live P haemolytica had lower lesion scores than calves vaccinated with saline solution or bacterin. In 2 of the experiments, the differences were significant (P < 0.05). In all experiments, calves vaccinated parenterally with a commercial P haemolytica/P multocida bacterin or with a formalin-killed P haemolytica bacterin had lesion scores that were not significantly different (P > 0.05) than for control calves vaccinated with saline solution.
Live and killed bacterial preparations induced a significant serum antibody response to P haemolytica as measured by a quantitative fluorometric immunoassay. The antibody response to vaccination was not affected by preexisting titers to P haemolytica. Serum antibody titers were not consistently as high for calves vaccinated with bacterins as for calves vaccinated with live organisms.
Although high antibody titers correlated with low lesion scores when calves vaccinated with saline solution or live organisms were analyzed collectively, there was not a significant correlation between the 2 variables when calves, vaccinated with saline solution or with bacterin, were analyzed collectively. These data indicate that, although bacterins may induce a detectable serum antibody response, they do not induce protection against transthoracic challenge exposure to P haemolytica.
Antagonism of xylazine sedation with yohimbine, 4-aminopyridine, and doxapram in dogs
Authors: Hatch Roger C. , Kitzman Joseph V. , Zahner Joanne M. , Clark J. Derrell 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Groups of atropinized dogs (6 dogs/group) were sedated with xylazine (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, im). At recumbency, the dogs were given iv saline solution (control groups), yohimbine (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg), 4-aminopyridine (4-ap; 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg/kg), doxapram (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg), or the smallest dose of these antagonists in dual combinations or in triple combination. Two additional groups were sedated with an overdose of xylazine (11 mg/kg, im). At recumbency, 1 of these groups was given saline solution iv and the other group was given yohimbine iv (0.4 mg/kg) as the antagonist.
With the 2.2 mg/kg dose of xylazine, control mean arousal time (mat) and mean walk time (mwt) were 15.5 minutes and 24.8 minutes, respectively. These values were decreased by the individual antagonists to 0.5 to 2.5 minutes and 0.9 to 7.4 minutes, respectively. Approximate equipotent doses of antagonists (mg/kg) were: yohimbine, 0.2; 4-ap, 0.6; and doxapram, 0.5. Relapses did not occur after yohimbine or 4-ap. With doxapram, muscle tremors and spasms, abnormal postures, or aggressive behavior occurred in several dogs and several dogs had partial or complete relapses. The small doses of individual antagonists were synergistic with regard to mat, mwt, and duration of residual sedation, but the various combinations of antagonists were not more effective in these regards than were larger doses of the single antagonists.
With the overdose of xylazine, control mat and mwt were 41.5 minutes and 144.5 minutes, respectively. Yohimbine decreased these values to 2.2 minutes and 2.5 minutes, respectively, Relapses did not occur.
Of the antagonists tested, yohimbine was most effective, in that it provided the best combination of short mat and mwt, minimal residual sedation and ataxia without relapse, and fewest side effects, Yohimbine was also an excellent antidote for an overdose of xylazine. Combinations of yohimbine, 4-ap, and doxapram did not offer a real advantage over yohimbine alone for antagonism of xylazine sedation in dogs.
Appearance of immunoglobulin classes and complement (C3) during Corynebacterium renale-induced experimental pyelonephritis in the rat
Authors: De Buysscher Edward V. , Appleton Judith A. , Kadis Solomon 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The local appearance of various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes in the urinary tract during ascending pyelonephritis was studied in rats experimentally infected with Corynebacterium renale. The indirect fluorescent antibody assay was used to detect IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and C3 on C renale present in the urine of the experimental animals. Corynebacterium renale coated with IgM and IgG antibodies was found beginning on the 4th day after induced infection, with IgG being the more abundant isotype. Coating with IgA occurred as early as the 4th day, but was less dense than coating with IgG. The presence of C3 on C renale was concurrent with IgM and IgG coating. A significant quantity of IgE could not be identified on antibody-coated C renale. Thus, IgG is the major component of the humoral immune response in this model of ascending pyelonephritis. The IgM early during infection and IgA later during infection seem not to be a major component of the immune response in this model.
In vitro cultivation of Babesia bigemina
Authors: Vega C. A. , Buening G. M. , Green T. J. , Carson C. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A strain of Babesia bigemina was isolated from an infected calf and propagated in vitro. Culture conditions included washing of infected and normal bovine erythrocytes in a special solution, and the use of a 5% to 10% (v/v) erythrocyte suspension in medium 199 (with 20% to 50% fresh normal bovine serum) at a depth of 4 mm in a 5% CO2, 2% O2, 93% N2 atmosphere. After 36 days in vitro and 9 subcultures, the cultured organism was inoculated into a susceptible calf. This calf developed clinical signs of disease and recovered when treated with 1% trypan blue solution. The strain was also reisolated from the second calf. The original isolate had been maintained in continuous in vitro cultivation for more than 99 days.
Effect of verapamil on cardiac chronotropic response to vagal stimulation in neonatal pigs
Authors: Lee John C. , McGrath Charles J. , Kornegay E. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of verapamil on the chronotropic response to vagal stimulation in young pigs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneally) was evaluated. After bilateral vagotomy, the administration of verapamil (loading dose of 100 μg/kg, followed by 2 μg/kg/min infusion) resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in heart rate (hr) and mean arterial blood pressure. Cardiac frequency responses to vagal stimulation were obtained by stimulating the distal end of the right vagus nerve at selected frequencies (5, 10, 15, and 20 Hz) with supramaximal voltage (10 to 15 V) and constant duration (2 ms). The hr was measured after 15 s at each level of stimulation. The slopes of decrease in hr to the frequency of vagal stimulation were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after verapamil as compared with its controls. After atropine (0.5 mg/kg), the vagally induced tachycardia was partially attenuated by verapamil, but was completely eliminated by β blockade with propranolol (1 mg/kg). These findings indicated that verapamil may influence the parasympathetic control of the heart in young pigs.
Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in the dog
Authors: Tilmant Latayah , Brown Murray P. , Gronwall Ronald R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five healthy adult dogs were given a single iv dose (40 mg/kg of body weight) of ticarcillin disodium. Serum concentrations were measured serially over a period of 12 hours. Five days later, the drug was administered im to the dogs at the same dose rate, and serum concentrations were measured serially for 12 hours. The mean peak serum concentration after im administration was 120.5 μg/ml at 1.5 hours. Pharmacokinetic values following iv administration were (i) elimination rate constant = 0.8/hour-1, (ii) half-life = 0.8 hour, (iii) serum clearance = 292 ml/hr/kg, and (iv) apparent volume of distribution = 347 ml/kg. Estimated values after im administration were (i) elimination rate constant = 0.6/hour, (ii) half-life = 1.1 hours, (iii) serum clearance = 218 ml/hr/kg, and (iv) apparent volume of distribution = 345 ml/kg; only the elimination rate constants were significantly different between the 2 routes of administration.
Evaluation of autogeneic and allogeneic cortical chip grafting in a feline tibial nonunion model
Authors: Toombs James P. , Wallace Larry J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A feline tibial nonunion model was used to evaluate the efficacy of fresh autogeneic and deep-frozen allogeneic cortical chip grafts for bone repair. Rigidly fixated tibial ostectomies with a segmental defect length of 1 cm were grafted with 3 mm × 2 mm chips of cortical bone in 12 skeletally mature cats. Six cats were given fresh autogeneic bone (group A) and 6 were given deep-frozen allogeneic bone (group B). Bone healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically over a 12-week period.
Consolidating bony callus and palpable stability of the tibia after bone plate removal were evident in all group A cats and 4 of the 6 group B cats by 12 weeks after surgery. Bone remodeling had progressed to intermediate restoration of diaphyseal structure in 2 cats of each group.
Fibrous replacement of graft chips, absence of bony callus, and instability of the tibia after bone plate removal were evident in 1 group B cat at 12 weeks. The remaining group B cat was withdrawn from the study at 6 weeks due to loosening of the bone plate and screws.
Multielement assays of bovine tissue specimens by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy
Authors: Stowe Howard D. , Braselton W. Emmett , Kaneene John B. , Slanker Michael 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Inductively coupled argon plasma spectroscopy was used to generate multielement profiles of bovine serum (n = 607), liver (n = 229), and kidney (n = 90) samples submitted to the Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory at Michigan State University, East Lansing. The presented frequency distribution histograms of element concentrations in the different samples provided a data base for diagnostic interpretations and illustrated some of the advantages, as well as limitations, of inductively coupled argon plasma for this purpose.
Evaluation of the wick catheter as used to measure intracompartmental muscle pressure in equine muscle
Authors: McDonell W. N. , Pascoe P. J. , Lindsay W. A. , Burgess M. L. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The use of the wick catheter to measure intracompartmental muscle pressure in equine muscle was documented. The presence of muscle compartments involving the extensor carpi radialis muscle and the long head of the triceps brachii was demonstrated by anatomic dissection and radiographic technique. The wick catheter was capable of accurately measuring pressures within both of these compartments. Furthermore, the wick catheter was sensitive to pressure changes resulting from external compression of muscle compartments. Manipulation of systemic blood pressure and PaCO2 in 1 anesthetized horse did not affect intracompartmental muscle pressure.
Fascial compartments of the equine crus
Authors: Updike Susan J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The deep fascia of the equine crus was dissected grossly and separated into 2 layers, the superficial and deep laminae of the deep fascia. Attachments of these fascial laminae to the tibia and fibula formed 5 separate osteofascial compartments: cranial, lateral, caudal deep, caudal intermediate, and caudal superficial. Cranial tibial vessels and the deep peroneal nerve entered the cranial compartment through separate fascial hiatuses; this may predispose the equine crus to the occurrence of compartmental syndromes with clinically recognizable neural deficits.
Laparoscopic-assisted serial biopsy of the bovine kidney
Authors: Naoi Masayuki , Kokue Ei-ichi , Takahashi Yuji , Kido Yasumasa 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A serial renal biopsy with endoscopy was done, using 10 calves and a cow. In 8 of the calves, biopsy materials were collected 3 to 5 times over a period of 15 to 41 days. A laparoscope was inserted into the peritoneal cavity from the center of the right paralumbar fossa through the outer cannula of the trocar. Under laparoscopic observation, the renal parenchyma was collected with the cutting prong of a biopsy needle. Of 34 biopsy attempts, 32 were successful; in 2, there was incomplete penetration of the trocar assembly into the peritoneal cavity. In one instance, the trocar was misguided to the small intestine which was closely adherent to the peritoneum. The error may have been the result of the presence of a persistent blood clot resulting from the preceding biopsy. An immediate saline rinse of the blood clot attached to kidney and the surrounding tissues was effective in preventing such adhesions.
The size of the average sample obtained was 1.5 mm in diameter and 16 mm (2 to 40 mm) long. The tissues were collected in 61 times from the 72 insertions of the biopsy needle to the renal tissue. The 11 unsuccessful attempts were caused by bluntness of the cutting parts of the needle. Adverse clinical signs were not observed after the serial biopsy of kidney, except for the presence of blood in the urine persisting for 1 to 5 days. Although a dehydrated blood clot was found in the renal pelvis of one animal at necropsy, any complication such as obstruction of urinary flow was not observed.
Heavy metals in tissues of cattle exposed to sludge-treated pastures for eight years
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul R. , Peterson James , Lue-Hing Cecil 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cattle allowed to graze pastures variously treated with anaerobically digested sludge (ads) for up to 8 years, contained higher concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds in some tissues than did cattle not exposed to ads. Chemical analyses were made on heart, diaphragm, liver, kidney, brain, and bone to determine the amount of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Hg. Determinations for organic compounds (polychlorinated-biphenyls, dieldrin, and heptachlor/epoxide) were made on visceral fat. Cadmium was the only metal to accumulate consistently in increased amounts. Amounts of Cd accumulated in kidneys and livers were higher in cattle exposed to ads than in cattle not exposed to ads. Although the amounts were higher in cattle exposed to ads, none of the cattle had detectable evidence of disease or pathologic conditions. The mean amount of Cd in kidneys of cattle exposed to ads was 44 vs 9 mg/kg dry weight. Amounts of other heavy metals in the body tissues were generally not unusual and were similar in both groups of cattle. Polychlorinated-biphenyl concentrations were higher in the visceral fat of cattle exposed to ads. All cattle in both herds remained healthy, and pathologic changes that could be attributed to association with ads were not detected. Seemingly, ads can be used safely to produce cattle forage without endangering the health of cattle.
Effects of endotoxemia on lung water and hemodynamics in conscious calves
Authors: Olson Neil C. , Brown Talmage T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of endotoxemia on cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters were determined in conscious, 4- to 6-week-old calves. Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused continuously (4 μg/kg/hr, iv) for 5 hours. During endotoxemia, pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary artery pressure increased, and cardiac index, central plasma volume, and mean systemic arterial pressure decreased. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts also decreased. During the first hour of endotoxemia, PaO2 decreased, and alveolar-arterial O2 gradient and shunt fraction increased. Lung extravascular thermal volume was increased from 2 to 5 hours. Postmortem extravascular lung water/extravascular dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage albumin, and poly morphonuclear cell content did not change. Microscopically, the septal capillaries of endotoxemic calves were dilated and engorged with erythrocytes, accompanied by focal accumulations of neutrophils. Intraalveolar edema and hemorrhage were not seen.
Application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure to the localization of pituitary hormones and calcitonin in various domestic animals and human beings
Authors: Sandusky George E. , Wightman Karen A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Specific cell populations in the pituitary glands of the rat, cat, pig, and human being were positive for thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), luteinizing hormone (lh), and follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh). When reacted with prediluted rabbit anti-human tsh, lh, and fsh, antisera were not positive for the demonstration of these hormones in the horse, cow, or dog. Immunocytochemical staining was obtained in the horse, cow, and dog by the use of a primary antiserum against a specific β-subunit of bovine tsh.
The immunocytochemical staining of tsh, lh, fsh, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, and calcitonin was examined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, using standard commercially available kits. All species examined had a strong positive reaction in specific pituitary cell populations for adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin. Sections of normal thyroid gland tissue had positive staining of C cells containing calcitonin at the dilution of 1:100 of the primary antibody in the rat, horse, cow, dog, cat, pig, and human being.
Intravenous histamine administration in ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves)
Authors: Derksen F. J. , Scott D. , Robinson N. E. , Slocombe R. F. , Armstrong P. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pulmonary function and airway reactivity to iv histamine were measured in a group of ponies with a history of recurrent airway obstruction (heaves) and their age-, weight-, and gender-matched controls. Ponies were studied during a period of clinical remission (period A), after exposure to a barn environment (period B), and twice during a 2-week recovery phase (periods C and D). At periods A, C, and D, PaO2, dynamic compliance (Cdyn), pulmonary resistance, tidal volume, respiratory frequency, and the log dose of histamine required to reduce Cdyn to 65% of base-line value (log ED65Cdyn) of principals and controls did not differ. Barn exposure (period B) decreased Cdyn, PaO2, and ED65Cdyn and increased pulmonary resistance in principals but not controls. The slope of the histamine dose-Cdyn response curves was not different between principal and control groups of ponies and was unaffected by barn exposure or return to pasture. There was a poor correlation between ED65Cdyn and indices of airway caliber.
During acute airway obstruction, ponies with a history of heaves were hyperreactive to iv histamine, but during disease remission, airway response to histamine was not different from that of control ponies. Seemingly, hyperreactivity in principal ponies after exposure to a barn environment cannot be explained solely by alterations in base-line airway caliber.