bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus‐mediated expression of TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 in bone inhibits osteolytic degradation by human prostate cancer
Authors: Deng Xiyun , He Guangchun , Levine Andrea , Cao Ya , Mullins Chad 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that play critical roles in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Clinical trials using synthetic small molecule MMP inhibitors have been carried out but with little success. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous inhibitors that block the extracellular matrix‐degrading activity of MMPs. Here, we investigated the possibilities of genetically modifying human bones with TIMPs to create a high‐TIMP bone microenvironment, which is hostile to metastatic prostate cancer cells using adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer technology and SCID‐hu end‐organ colonization mouse model. Two strategies were used to achieve bone‐specific TIMP expression: (i) ex vivo bone adenoviral infection followed by in vivo bone implantation; and (ii) ex vivo BMS cell infection followed by injection into in vivo implanted human fetal bones. PC‐3 prostate cancer cells were injected into human fetal bones 4 weeks after implantation in SCID mice. In vitro, adenovirus‐mediated expression of TIMP‐1 or TIMP‐2 in bone fragments inhibited MMP‐2 activity, bone turnover and prostate cancer cell‐induced proteolytic degradation as determined by gelatin zymography, calcium measurement and DQ protein quenched fluorescence assay, respectively. In vivo, immunohistochemistry confirmed TIMP‐2 expression in AdTIMP‐2‐infected bone implants 4 weeks after implantation in SCID mice. Mice receiving AdTIMP‐treated bone fragments showed significantly reduced PC‐3‐induced osteolysis, osteoclast recruitment and bone turnover in the implanted bones. We propose that adenoviral gene transfer of TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 can prevent the proteolytic activity of prostate cancer cells in bone and that enhancing anti‐proteolytic defense mechanisms in target organs represents a promising form of prostate cancer gene therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
K‐ras mutations and mucin profile in preneoplastic lesions and colon tumors induced in rats by 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine
Authors: Femia Angelo Pietro , Tarquini Elena , Salvadori Maddalena , Ferri Stefania , Giannini Augusto , Dolara Piero , Caderni Giovanna 
Published: September 2007

AbstractK‐ras and mucin profile variations, associated with intestinal carcinogenesis, were studied in the preneoplastic lesions, mucin‐depleted foci (MDF) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF), and in colonic tumors induced in rats by 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The frequency of lesions with K‐ras mutations was 23% (3/13), 5.5% (1/18) and 100% (14/14) in MDF, tumors and ACF, respectively. Two of three MDF mutated in K‐ras also carried a missense mutation in Apc. We also tested the expression of MUC2, a mucin abundantly expressed in normal colon and M1/MUCA5C, up‐regulated in colon carcinogenesis, using immunohistochemistry. MDF and tumors showed a dramatic reduction in the expression of MUC2, whereas ACF showed only a slight reduction. The expression of M1/MUC5AC was almost absent in normal mucosa, but was increased in all the lesions (MDF, tumors and ACF). The expression of the intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), a marker of goblet cell lineage, was reduced in MDF and tumors compared to normal mucosa but not in ACF. In conclusion, although K‐ras mutations are present in all ACF, they are less frequent in MDF and tumors; M1/MUC5AC is a marker associated with all preneoplastic events while the reduction of MUC2 and ITF expression is selectively associated with more advanced lesions such as MDF and tumors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organised mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality: A cohort study from Finland
Authors: Sarkeala Tytti , Heinävaara Sirpa , Anttila Ahti 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the effectiveness and the efficacy of population‐based mammography programme in Finland, and explored associations between the screening performance and the screening efficacy. The main outcome, incidence‐based mortality from breast cancer, was estimated by invitation, participation, age at death, and screening centres categorised by recall rates. The study was based on an individual followup of screening invitees and participants from 1992 to 2003. The coverage of screening invitations was 95% among 50–59 years old women, and 20–40% among women aged 60–69 years. We compared observed deaths from breast cancer to expected breast cancer deaths without screening in ages 50–69 at death. The observed deaths were obtained from a cohort of individual invitees (n = 361,848). The expected deaths were defined by modelling breast cancer mortality from 1974 to 1985 and 1992 to 2003 at population level. The population data were derived from the same municipalities (n = 260) that were incorporated into the cohort. The breast cancer mortality among the invited women was reduced by 22% (relative risk 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.70–0.87). After adjusting for the self‐selection, the efficacy among the participants was 28% (0.72,0.56–0.88). No clear association between the recall rates and the screening efficacy was observed. The organised mammography screening in Finland is effective. The relationship between the estimates of process and outcome of mammography is not yet straightforward: effectiveness and efficacy remain the best estimates for evaluating the success of mammography screening. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methylseleninic acid inhibits microvascular endothelial G1 cell cycle progression and decreases tumor microvessel density
Authors: Wang Zhe , Hu Hongbo , Li Guangxun , Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Jiang Cheng , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Lü Junxuan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOur previous work has shown that the cancer chemopreventive effect of selenium may in part be mediated by its antiangiogenic activities and that methylseleninic acid (MSeA) can induce G1 arrest of human umbilical vein endothelial (macrovascular) cells. The objectives of the current study are to verify MSeA‐induced G1 arrest effect in microvascular endothelial cells and to elucidate the molecular mediators and targets involved. Flow cytometric analysis after MSeA exposure (2–10 μM) of telomerase‐immortalized microvascular endothelial (TIME) cells for 24 hr showed aconcentration‐dependent increase of G1‐arrested cells. MSeA (3 μM) treatment delayed the mitogen‐stimulated progression of TIME cells from G1 to S phase. These effects of MSeA were accompanied by an early transient (6 hr) upregulation of P21/CIP1 and P27/KIP1 and a delayed modest increase of P16/INK4a (12 hr). MSeA increased P27/KIP1 mRNA transcript level and slowed the turnover of P21/CIP1 protein. MSeA‐treated cells contained elevated levels of bound P16/INK4a within the CDK4/6/cyclin D1 complexes as well as bound P21/CIP1 and P27/KIP1 within the CDK2/cyclin E complex and decreased their kinase activities. MSeA suppressed the mitogen/CDK‐driven phosphorylative inactivation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, diminishing E2F1 release from Rb. In vivo, daily oral MSeA treatment of nude mice bearing subcutaneously inoculated human prostate cancer DU145 xenografts inhibited tumor growth in a dose‐dependent manner. The microvessel density of the tumors in the high MSeA group was decreased by more than half from the control. An inhibition of mitogen‐stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells by MSeA may therefore contribute to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, reproductive history and risk of colorectal cancer in women
Authors: Kabat Geoffrey C. , Miller Anthony B. , Rohan Thomas E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEvidence from epidemiologic studies suggests a possible role of exogenous and endogenous hormones in colorectal carcinogenesis in women. However, with respect to exogenous hormones, in contrast to hormone replacement therapy, few cohort studies have examined oral contraceptive use in relation to colorectal cancer risk. We used data from a large cohort study of Canadian women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of breast cancer screening to assess the association of oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy and reproductive factors with risk of colorectal cancer, overall and by subsite within the colorectum. Cancer incidence and mortality were ascertained by linkage to national databases. Among 89,835 women aged 40–59 at enrollment and followed for an average of 16.4 years, we identified 1,142 incident colorectal cancer cases. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between the exposures of interest and risk of colorectal cancer. Ever use of oral contraceptives at baseline was associated with a modest reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.73–0.94), with similar effects for different subsites within the colorectum. No trend was seen in the hazard ratios with increasing duration of oral contraceptive use. No associations were seen with use of hormone replacement therapy (ever use or duration of use) or reproductive factors. Our results are suggestive of an inverse association between oral contraceptive use and colorectal carcinogenesis. However, given the lack of a dose–response relationship and the potential for confounding, studies with more complete assessment of exogenous hormone use throughout the life course are needed to clarify this association. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling sovereign bond yield curves of the US, Japan and Germany
Authors: Tam Chi‐Sang , Yu Ip‐Wing 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe movement of sovereign yields is important for both investment and risk management. This paper applies a method that was first developed by Diebold et al. (2006) to model the sovereign bond yield curves of the US, Japan and Germany. By including observable macroeconomic variables as well as the latent factors of the yield curve, we find evidence of a strong interaction between the yield curve and macro‐variables in the US and Germany but not in Japan. We also estimate the dynamic conditional correlations of the latent factors to reveal the cross‐country correlations of the bond markets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conventional and unconventional approaches to exchange rate modelling and assessment
Authors: Alquist Ron , Chinn Menzie D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe examine the relative predictive power of the sticky price monetary model, uncovered interest parity, and a transformation of net exports and net foreign assets. In addition to bringing Gourinchas and Rey's new approach and more recent data to bear, we implement the Clark–West procedure for testing the significance of out‐of‐sample forecasts. The interest rate parity relation holds better at long horizons and the net exports variable does well in predicting exchange rates at short horizons in sample. In out‐of‐sample forecasts, we find evidence that our proxy for Gourinchas and Rey's measure of external imbalances outperforms a random walk at short horizons as do some of the other models, although no single model uniformly beats the random walk forecast. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Downregulation of human colon carcinoma cell (COLO‐205) proliferation through PKG‐MAP kinase mediated signaling cascade by E. coli heat stable enterotoxin (STa), a potent anti‐angiogenic and anti‐metastatic molecule
Authors: Saha Subhrajit , Chowdhury Pinki , Pal Amit , Chakrabarti Manoj K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIt was reported earlier that Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin (STa), a major causative agent of secretory diarrhea, can also inhibit the proliferation of colon carcinoma cells with the involvement of cGMP mediated calcium influx. In the present study it is shown that E. coli STa inhibits cell proliferation in the colonic carcinoma cell line COLO‐205 by the PKG‐ERK44/42 mediated signaling pathway. This enterotoxin negatively regulates cell proliferation by downregulating the activity of ERK44/42(MAPK) and subsequently the activity of a transcription regulatory protein cMyc. The antiproliferative effect of STa was reversed by LY83583, a guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor and KT5823, a PKG inhibitor. Thus suggesting the involvement of cGMP dependent protein kinase (PKG) in the downregulation of ERK44/42 and subsequent inactivation of cMyc activity. Moreover, it has been shown that a specific ERK44/42 inhibitor, PD98059, also inhibits cMyc activation and cell proliferation, which further confirms the involvement of ERK44/42 in the activation of cMyc. It is also shown that E. coli STa significantly inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, a potent angiogenic factor) expression in COLO‐205 cells and also downregulates vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1, a potent metastatic factor) expression on the COLO‐205 cell surface. So it is reported for the first time that E. coli STa inhibits the proliferation of the colonic carcinoma cell line COLO‐205 by the PKG‐ERK44/42 mediated pathway and it may have a role against the development of colon carcinoma. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a rapid and convenient method for determination of cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin M
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Li Junchuan , Zhang Youshan , Zhu Hongyu , Ma Qing , Hang Gang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe evaluated a method for determination of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) by CLIA, and analyzed its clinical value in patients with infectious mononucleosis. Serum samples from 407 participants were measured on an automatic CLIA analyzer. At the same time the serum samples were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An assessment of technological quality (methodology) in diagnostic tests demonstrated that the sensitivity of CLIA was 1.0 AU/mL and the functional sensitivity was <1.6 AU/mL. The within‐ and between‐assay imprecision values for different concentrations were all under 5%. Recoveries for both methods were 96–110%. The linear regression equation between expected values and measured values was y=0.644+0.986x, and correlation coefficient was 0.9991 (P<0.0001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that both the sensitivity and specificity of CLIA surpassed 90%. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.990, which was significantly higher than that of ELISA (P<0.05). The results indicate that CLIA is an excellent method for hCMV IgM measurement, and thus may be useful for clinical diagnoses. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:255–259, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of ATP production in whole blood and lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin
Authors: Augustine Nancy H. , Pasi Brian M. , Hill Harry R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A, pokeweed, and/or specific antigens has been the method of choice for in vitro diagnosis of cell‐mediated immune dysfunction. Recently, an assay to measure intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in response to PHA has been developed that requires a shorter, overnight incubation. We compared a standard 5‐ to 7‐day lymphocyte mitogen stimulation assay utilizing tritiated thymidine (3H‐thy) incorporation to one in which ATP production in response to PHA by CD4‐positive cells is measured in a luminometer that requires only 18–24 hr. A total of 20 patient samples suspected of having decreased cell‐mediated immunity submitted for mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation and 21 normal controls were tested in both assays. A comparison of these two methods has demonstrated that the screening ATP assay has a sensitivity at 24 hr of 100% in detecting decreased PHA induced lymphocyte proliferation at 5 days and a specificity of 85% in the samples obtained from normal controls. The data indicate that the ATP assay may be a useful screening tool for more rapid detection of blood samples with decreased cell‐mediated immune responses. However, a positive screen should always be confirmed by 3H‐thy uptake using mitogens and recall antigens like candida and tetanus. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:265–270, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chagas' disease: IgG isotypes against cytoplasmic (CRA) and flagellar (FRA) recombinant repetitive antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in chronic Chagasic patients
Authors: Verçosa A.F.A. , Lorena V.M.B. , Carvalho C.L. , Melo M.F.A.D. , Cavalcanti M.G.A. , Silva E.D. , Ferreira A.G.P. , Pereira V.R.A. , Souza W.V. , Gomes Y.M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe wide range of clinical Chagas' disease manifestations, of which heart involvement is the most significant, because of its characteristics, frequency and consequences, and lack of treatment and cure, justify research in this area. Specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody subclasses have been associated with human Chagas' disease. Thus, in this study, the profile of IgG subclasses against cytoplasmic (CRA) and flagellar (FRA) recombinant repetitive T. cruzi–specific antigens was correlated with cardiac (CARD, n=33), cardiodigestive (CD, n=7), and indeterminate (IND, n=20) forms of Chagas' disease by indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG subclasses were detected in almost all Chagas patients studied. Nevertheless, only specific IgG2 isotype FRA was found with a significant statistical difference in CARD patients when compared to IND patients. This result suggests the potential use of this isotype for prognostic purposes, for monitoring the progression of chronic Chagas' disease, and for predicting the risk of CARD damage. This is important information, as it could help physicians to evaluate and manage the treatment of their patients. However, a follow‐up study is necessary to confirm our result. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:271–276, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IgM, IgG, and IgA rheumatoid factors in pigeon hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Araiza Mariana Tellez , Aguilar León Diana E. , Retana Virginia Novelo , Martínez‐Cordero Erasmo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe association of rheumatoid factor (RF) and lung disease in several immunologically mediated conditions has suggested that it may be physiopathologically relevant. Since previous reports in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) have dealt mainly with the immunoglobulin M (IgM) RF measurement, we studied such antibody activity in other immunoglobulins, to determine the IgG and IgA RF levels in pigeon‐HP, and in asymptomatic breeders (AB) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as controls. RFs were measured in 35 HP patients, 41 AB, 31 RA controls, and 55 healthy donors by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using human or rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG), anti‐IgM, F(ab′)2 of IgG, and IgA F(ab′)2 conjugates. An affinity chromatography, fragment crystallizable (Fc) preparations of IgG, pepsin digestion, and Western blots were used to confirm RF specificity. We also evaluated anti‐avian antibodies (AA) and cross‐reacting antibodies. The HP group revealed positive IgM (51.4%), IgG (31.4%), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) (34.2%) RF tests, and these antibody values exceeded the AB reference levels (P<0.02). HP and RA showed a similar frequency and distribution of RFs. Possible immunoassay interferences were excluded. As in other immunologically mediated diseases, IgG and IgA RFs may play a pathogenic role in HP, amplifying the inflammatory reaction, immune‐complex formation, and complement activation. IgM‐RF producing cells that have been implicated in the presentation of self and foreign antigens, and T‐cell activation might induce the isotype switching of RFs. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:315–321, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of infliximab on the glycosylation of IgG of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Croce A. , Firuzi O. , Altieri F. , Eufemi M. , Agostino R. , Priori R. , Bombardieri M. , Alessandri C. , Valesini G. , Saso L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a decrease in the terminal galactose content of N‐linked glycans of the Fc region of agalactosyl immunoglobulin G (IgG) (G0) occurs. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effect of infliximab, a new monoclonal antibody for the treatment of RA, on this phenomenon. A total of 19 patients with active RA were treated with intravenous infliximab (3 mg/kg) in combination with methotrexate (MTX) (10–20 mg). IgG was purified from their serum by caprylic acid. Analysis of IgG glycosylation was performed by lectin blotting/immunoblotting and enzyme linked lectin assay (ELLA)/enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using theGriffonia (bandeiraea) simplicifolialectin II and protein‐A/alkaline phosphatase. The purity of IgG samples obtained was higher than 90%. The sensitivity of the lectin/immunoblotting method was of about 0.25 µg of IgG. The inter‐ and intraassay coefficients of variation (CV) were 1.3% and 9.0% for lectin blotting, and 4.6% and 8.3% for immunoblotting, respectively. The sensitivity of the ELLA/ELISA approach was 0.025 µg/µL and the inter‐ and intraassay CV were 6.2% and 7.7% for ELLA, and 5.1% and 14.1% for ELISA, respectively. A good linear correlation (r2=0.18,P<0.05) was obtained between the two different experimental approaches. A decrease of G0 was observed in patients who clinically improved (according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria) following the pharmacological treatment. Our data indicate that infliximab can reduce the concentration of G0 in patients with active RA. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:303–314, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) as a sensitive biomarker of catabolism in patients with gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Nedić Olgica , Malenković Vesna , Nikolić Judith Anna , Baričević Ivona 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGastrointestinal ailments evoke changes in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and modulation of hepatic protein synthesis. We examined the catabolic effect of certain primary gastrointestinal diseases and surgery on the concentration of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I). Blood samples from patients with gastric cancer (GC), cholecystitis (CC), or inguinal hernia (IH) were taken before and after surgery. The concentrations of IGF‐I, IGF binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1), insulin, cortisol, and glucose were determined. In GC patients the concentration of IGF‐I was reduced and the concentrations of IGFBP‐1 and cortisol were elevated preoperatively; after surgery, IGFBP‐1 normalized. In CC patients the concentration of IGF‐I was low and the concentration of IGFBP‐1 was high before cholecystectomy; after surgery IGFBP‐1 returned to normal and the concentration of cortisol increased. In IH patients the concentration of IGF‐I was low and the concentrations of IGFBP‐1 and cortisol were high before surgery; after laparotomy IGFBP‐1 returned to normal. The metabolic changes were present in all analyzed patient groups, regardless of the severity of disease and nutrition. The concentration of IGF‐I was reduced before surgery and remained reduced after, recommending IGF‐I as a metabolic marker in both pre and postoperative examination of patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:335–339, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.