bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Directory of Resources Supporting Microcomputer Use in Early Childhood Special Education
Authors: Hurth Joicey L. 
Published: December 2008

■ Resources in this directory were selected to support the use of microcomputer technology in early childhood special education. A few resources of general education and technology were selected when they offered information relevant or adaptable to the target audience. A resource directory cannot be exhaustive. Indeed, some projects are funded specifically to keep up to date in this rapidly expanding field (see listings in the Technical Assistance Projects Section). This directory provides a sampling of the types of currently available resources and offers a "place to start" in gathering information, technical assistance and products or materials. Contact people from most of the listed resources were extremely cooperative and helpful in the development of this directory. Their readiness to provide information, coordinate efforts and share their work was evident. Readers are encouraged to contact these resource people for details on microcomputer applications, product availability and other questions.
Satisfaction and Struggles: Family Perceptions of Early Intervention Services
Authors: McWilliam R.A. , Lang Linda , Vandiviere Pat , Angell Robbie , Collins Laurie , Underdown Gayle 
Published: December 2008

This study was commissioned by the North Carolina Interagency Coordinating Council (NC-ICC) at the request of its Children and Families Committee. The views expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the NC-ICC. We thank Lynn Curkin, Doris Cothard, and Susan Robinson (fellow members, with the authors, of the Children and Families Committee) for their contributions to the design of the study and creation of the questionnaire. Thanks are also extended to Ron Craig and Bill Parise for quantitative data analysis, to Wayde Johnson, Karen Applequist, Lisa Clifton, and Craig Pohlman for qualitative analyses, to Cayle Underdown and Gladys Whitehouse for conducting the interviews, to Cina Walker for graphics, and to Duncan Munn for contributing to the questionnaire. We are most grateful to the families who took the time to participate; many of them wrote long answers to the open-ended questions. Appreciation is extended to the direct-service professionals who distributed the questionnaires and followed up with families. Finally, special thanks are due to the six families who allowed us to interview them. One method of evaluating early intervention services is to ask its consumers. The mixed-method approach in this study involved a written survey (quantitative) and in-depth, semi-structured interviews (qualitative). The survey was completed by 539 parents of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers receiving any type of early intervention service. Results showed overwhelming satisfaction with most services, but some concerns were noted in the choices of available mainstreaming options. Interviews showed that families ascribed most of their positive experiences to the supportive behaviors of individual professionals. Bad experiences were most often related to difficulties in finding out about, getting, and monitoring services. Families spent much time and energy in securing more services, particularly therapies, for their children. The discussion focuses on implications for family-centered services and for providing specialized services.
Severity of Vertebral Fractures Is Associated With Alterations of Cortical Architecture in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Sornay-Rendu Elisabeth , Cabrera-Bravo Jose-Luis , Boutroy Stéphanie , Munoz Françoise , Delmas Pierre D 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Patients with vertebral fractures (VFx) have trabecular architectural disruption on iliac biopsies. Because cortical bone is an important determinant of bone strength, we assessed cortical and trabecular microarchitecture at peripheral sites in patients with VFx of varying number (N) and severity (S). Bone architecture and volumetric density (vBMD) were assessed at the distal radius and tibia with HR-pQCT (XTreme CT; Scanco Medical, Bassersdorf, Switzerland) in 100 women with VFx (age, 74 ± 9 yr) of different S (GI, n = 23; GII, n = 35; GIII, n = 42) and in 362 women (age, 69 ± 7 yr) without peripheral or VFx (G0) from the OFELY study. Spine areal BMD (aBMD) was assessed by DXA. Among all women, at the radius and after adjustment for age and aBMD, there were significant trends in lower vBMD, cortical thickness (Cort.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and thickness (Tb.Th), higher trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and distribution of separation (Tb.Sp.SD) with greater VFx S and N. Among women with VFx, lower Cort.Th and cortical vBMD (D.Cort) were associated with severe (GIII) and multiple (n &gt; 2) VFx (p &lt; 0.05). The age-adjusted OR for each SD decrease of Cort.Th was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.02–4.00) after adjustment for aBMD. At the tibia, there were trends for lower vBMD, Tb.N, Tb.Th, and higher Tb.Sp and Tb.Sp.SD with greater VFx S and N (p &lt; 0.001). Among women with VFx, lower Cort.Th and D.Cort were associated with severe and multiple (n &gt; 3) VFx (p &lt; 0.01). In postmenopausal women, VFx are associated with low vBMD and architectural decay of trabecular and cortical bone at the radius and tibia, independently of spine aBMD. Severe and multiple VFx are associated with even more alterations of cortical bone.
Atp6v0d2 Is an Essential Component of the Osteoclast-Specific Proton Pump That Mediates Extracellular Acidification in Bone Resorption
Authors: Wu Haiping , Xu Guoliang , Li Yi-Ping 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Bone resorption relies on the extracellular acidification function of vacuolar (V-) ATPase proton pump(s) present in the plasma membrane of osteoclasts. The exact configuration of osteoclast-specific V-ATPases remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that Atp6v0d2 (d2), an isoform of the d subunit in the V-ATPase, showed 5-fold higher expression than that of Atp6v0d1 (d1) in mature osteoclasts, indicating a potential function in osteoclastic bone resorption. When d2 was depleted at an early stage of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro, formation of multinucleated cells was severely impaired. However, depletion of d2 at a late differentiation stage did not affect osteoclast fusion but did abolish the activity of extracellular acidification and bone resorption of mature osteoclasts. We also showed the association of the two tagged-proteins d2 and a3 when co-expressed in mammalian cells with a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay showed the direct interaction of d2 with the N terminus of Atp6v0a3 (a3), which is the functionally identified osteoclast-specific component of V-ATPase. Therefore, our results show the dual function of d2 as a regulator of cell fusion in osteoclast differentiation and as an essential component of the osteoclast-specific proton pump that mediates extracellular acidification in bone resorption.
Dietary Calcium and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status in Relation to BMD Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A , Kiel Douglas P , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Orav John E , Li Ruifeng , Spiegelman Donna , Dietrich Thomas , Willett Walter C 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A higher calcium intake is still the primary recommendation for the prevention of osteoporosis, whereas vitamin D deficiency is often not addressed. To study the relative importance of dietary calcium intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status in regard to hip BMD, 4958 community-dwelling women and 5003 men ≥20 yr of age from the U.S. NHANES III population-based survey were studied. Calcium supplement users and individuals with a prior radius or hip fracture were excluded. We calculated standardized means for BMD by quartiles of sex-specific calcium intake for three 25(OH)D categories (&lt;50, 50–74, and 75+ nM) among men and women, separately controlling for other important predictors of BMD. A higher calcium intake was significantly associated with higher BMD (p value for trend: p = 0.005) only for women with 25(OH)D status &lt;50 nM, whereas calcium intake beyond the upper end of the lowest quartile (&gt;566 mg/d) was not significantly associated with BMD at 25(OH)D concentrations &gt;50 nM. Among men, there was no significant association between a higher calcium intake beyond the upper end of the lowest quartile (626 mg/d) and BMD within all 25(OH)D categories. Among both sexes, BMD increased stepwise and significantly with higher 25(OH)D concentrations (&lt;50, 50–74, 75+ nM; p value for trend: women &lt; 0.0001; men = 0.0001). Among men and women, 25(OH)D status seems to be the dominant predictor of BMD relative to calcium intake. Only women with 25(OH)D concentrations &lt;50 nM seem to benefit from a higher calcium intake.
Risk Factors for Severity and Type of the Hip Fracture
Authors: Cauley Jane A , Lui Li-Yung , Genant Harry K , Salamone Loran , Browner Warren , Fink Howard A , Cohen Peter , Hillier Teresa , Bauer Doug C , Cummings Steven R 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
More severe hip fractures such as displaced femoral neck (FN) fractures and unstable intertrochanteric (IT) fractures lead to poorer outcomes, but risk factors for severe fractures have not been studied. To identify risk factors for severe types of hip fracture, we performed a prospective cohort study and obtained preoperative hip radiographs from women who sustained an incident hip fracture (excluding traumatic fractures). A single radiologist scored the severity of FN fractures by the Garden System: grades I and II, undisplaced; grades III and IV, displaced. The severity of IT hip fractures was rated by the Kyle System: grades I and II, stable; grades III and IV, unstable. A total of 249 women had FN fractures: 75 (30%) were undisplaced. A total of 213 women had IT fractures: 59 (28%) were stable. Both types of hip fracture increased with age, but older age was even more strongly associated with more severe hip fractures. Low BMD was more strongly related to undisplaced FN fractures (p interaction BMD × FN type, p = 0.0008) and stable IT fractures (p interaction BMD × IT type, p = 0.04). Similar findings were observed for estimated volumetric BMD and hip geometric parameters. Corticosteroid use was only associated with displaced FN fractures, and Parkinson's disease was only associated with stable IT fractures. Little difference was reported in the self-reported circumstances surrounding each type of fracture. In conclusion, the lower the BMD, the greater the likelihood of experiencing a hip fracture that is less displaced and more stable.
Positive Regulation of Adult Bone Formation by Osteoblast-Specific Transcription Factor Osterix
Authors: Baek Wook-Young , Lee Min-A , Jung Ji Won , Kim Shin-Yoon , Akiyama Haruhiko , de Crombrugghe Benoit , Kim Jung-Eun 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Osterix (Osx) is essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, because mice lacking Osx die within 1 h of birth with a complete absence of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation. Perinatal lethality caused by the disruption of the Osx gene prevents studies of the role of Osx in bones that are growing or already formed. Here, the function of Osx was examined in adult bones using the time- and site-specific Cre/loxP system. Osx was inactivated in all osteoblasts by Col1a1-Cre with the activity of Cre recombinase under the control of the 2.3-kb collagen promoter. Even though no bone defects were observed in newborn mice, Osx inactivation with 2.3-kb Col1a1-Cre exhibited osteopenia phenotypes in growing mice. BMD and bone-forming rate were decreased in lumbar vertebra, and the cortical bone of the long bones was thinner and more porous with reduced bone length. The trabecular bones were increased, but they were immature or premature. The expression of early marker genes for osteoblast differentiation such as Runx2, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase was markedly increased, but the late marker gene, osteocalcin, was decreased. However, no functional defects were found in osteoclasts. In summary, Osx inactivation in growing bones delayed osteoblast maturation, causing an accumulation of immature osteoblasts and reducing osteoblast function for bone formation, without apparent defects in bone resorption. These findings suggest a significant role of Osx in positively regulating osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in adult bone.
Atypical Femoral Fractures, Bisphosphonates, and Adult Hypophosphatasia
Authors: Whyte Michael P 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Lateral subtrochanteric femoral pseudofractures occurring in adults with osteomalacia from hypophosphatasia and X-linked hypophosphatemia support the hypothesis that atypical femoral fractures in osteoporosis treated with bisphosphonates also result from low bone turnover.
Vitamin K Treatment Reduces Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin but Does Not Alter Bone Turnover, Density, or Geometry in Healthy Postmenopausal North American Women
Authors: Binkley Neil , Harke Judith , Krueger Diane , Engelke Jean , Vallarta-Ast Nellie , Gemar Dessa , Checovich Mary , Chappell Richard , Suttie John 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Low vitamin K status is associated with low BMD and increased fracture risk. Additionally, a specific menaquinone, menatetrenone (MK4), may reduce fracture risk. However, whether vitamin K plays a role in the skeletal health of North American women remains unclear. Moreover, various K vitamers (e.g., phylloquinone and MK4) may have differing skeletal effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of phylloquinone or MK4 treatment on markers of skeletal turnover and BMD in nonosteoporotic, postmenopausal, North American women. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 381 postmenopausal women received phylloquinone (1 mg daily), MK4 (45 mg daily), or placebo for 12 mo. All participants received daily calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP) and n-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX) were measured at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. Lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD and proximal femur geometry were measured by DXA at baseline and 6 and 12 mo. At baseline, the three treatment groups did not differ in demographics or study endpoints. Compliance with calcium, phylloquinone, and MK4 treatment was 93%, 93%, and 87%, respectively. Phylloquinone and MK4 treatment reduced serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin but did not alter BSALP or NTX. No effect of phylloquinone or MK4 on lumbar spine or proximal femur BMD or proximal femur geometric parameters was observed. This study does not support a role for vitamin K supplementation in osteoporosis prevention among healthy, postmenopausal, North American women receiving calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
Serum Estradiol Is Associated With Volumetric BMD and Modulates the Impact of Physical Activity on Bone Size at the Age of Peak Bone Mass: A Study in Healthy Male Siblings
Authors: Lapauw Bruno M , Taes Youri , Bogaert Veerle , Vanbillemont Griet , Goemaere Stefan , Zmierczak Hans-Georg , De Bacquer Dirk , Kaufman Jean-Marc 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
This study investigates determinants of peak bone mass (PBM) in healthy men, focusing on effects and interactions of parameters reflecting mechanical loading and sex steroids. Healthy male siblings (n = 677; 25–45 yr) were recruited in a cross-sectional, population-based study. Physical activity score was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. Cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) and bone parameters of radius (4% and 66% site) and tibia (66% site) were assessed using pQCT. Peak torque of biceps and quadriceps muscles was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry. Serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels were measured using immunoassays; free hormone fractions were calculated. Relations between indices of bone strength, CSMA, muscle strength, and sex steroids were studied using linear mixed-effects modeling. Physical activity, CSMA, and muscle strength were positively associated with indices of bone strength, except for volumetric BMD (vBMD). After controlling for age, weight, and height, free E2 levels were positively associated with trabecular and cortical vBMD, negatively associated with endosteal circumference at the radius, and positively associated with cortical vBMD at the tibia. In addition, positive interactions between physical activity and serum E2 concentrations were observed for bone size at the tibia. No associations between free T levels and pQCT bone parameters were found. In this population of healthy men at the age of PBM, parameters reflecting mechanical loading are confirmed as important determinants of bone size. E2, but not T, levels are positively associated with vBMD and modulate the impact of physical activity on bone size at the tibia.
Hypercalcemia and Overexpression of CYP27B1 in a Patient With Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Clinical Vignette and Literature Review
Authors: Pao Vivian Y , Chang Sandra , Shoback Dolores M , Bikle Daniel D 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a disease of thickened, hard, hyperpigmented skin lesions with or without systemic fibrosis occurring in patients with renal insufficiency and associated with the administration of gadolinium-containing contrast. The pathogenesis of this disease is unclear, and there is no definitive treatment. We describe a 71-yr-old patient with stable chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and NSF who presented with hypercalcemia in 2006. Before onset of renal insufficiency in 2002, serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH levels were normal. In 2004, the patient began hemodialysis, and he was diagnosed with NSF in 2005, shortly after undergoing an MRI with gadolinium contrast administration. Over the next 6 mo, albumin-corrected serum total calcium levels rose from 9.9 to 13.1 mg/dl (normal range, 8.5–10.5 mg/dl) with normal serum phosphorus levels. On admission in September 2006, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels were elevated at 130.7 pg/ml (normal range, 25.1–66.1 pg/ml). Biopsy of an NSF lesion showed increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D3–1-α hydroxylase (CYP27B1) immunostaining compared with the biopsy from a normal control. This is the first reported association of NSF with hypercalcemia caused by elevated 1,25(OH)2D levels. This metabolic disturbance should be sought in future cases to determine a connection between NSF, 1,25(OH)2D metabolism, and CYP27B1 activation in the skin, which may shed light on the pathogenesis of this unusual local and systemic fibrosing disorder.
A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial of Later Treatment With a Peptide-Containing, Synthetic Surfactant for the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Laughon Matthew , Bose Carl , Moya Fernando , Aschner Judy , Donn Steven Mark , Morabito Christopher , Cummings James John , Segal Robert , Guardia Carlos , Liu Genzhou ,   for the Surfaxin Study Group
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE. Oxidant injury and lung inflammation in extremely premature infants are associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Surfactant dysfunction resulting from these events may contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Treatment with exogenous surfactant may decrease the incidence or severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We conducted a masked, multicenter, multinational, randomized, controlled, pilot study to estimate the effects of treating infants at high risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia with lucinactant, a synthetic, peptide-containing surfactant, on safety during dosing and the incidence of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.METHODS. Preterm infants between 600 and 900 g requiring mechanical ventilation and a fraction of inspired oxygen of ≥0.30 between 3 and 10 days of age were randomly assigned to receive either sham air (placebo) or 1 of 2 doses of lucinactant (90 or 175 mg/kg total phospholipid) every 48 hours to a maximum of 5 doses, if they remained on mechanical ventilation.RESULTS. Of 136 infants enrolled at 34 sites, 44 received placebo, 47 received 90 mg/kg total phospholipid, and 45 received 175 mg/kg total phospholipid. The 90 mg/kg group had a significantly higher percentage of boys (64%) compared with the placebo group (39%); no other significant differences in baseline characteristics among groups were present. Compared with placebo, both the 90 mg/kg and 175 mg/kg groups experienced a significantly higher incidence of desaturation and bradycardia during dosing. Twenty-four hours after dosing, the mean fraction of inspired oxygen was lower in both lucinactant groups (33%) compared with the placebo group (39%). The incidence of mortality or bronchopulmonary dysplasia was 66% in the placebo group, 79% in the 90 mg/kg group, and 58% in the 175 mg/kg group. These differences were not statistically significant. There were no statistical differences among groups for pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, or mortality.CONCLUSIONS. There were trends toward lower oxygen requirements and toward a lower incidence of mortality or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in infants who received the higher dose of lucinactant, and this warrants further investigation.
Has Prenatal Screening Influenced the Prevalence of Comorbidities Associated With Down Syndrome and Subsequent Survival Rates?
Authors: Halliday Jane , Collins Veronica , Riley Merilyn , Youssef Danielle , Muggli Evelyne 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVES. With this study we aimed to compare survival rates for children with Down syndrome in 2 time periods, 1 before prenatal screening (1988–1990) and 1 contemporaneous with screening (1998–2000), and to examine the frequency of comorbidities and their influence on survival rates.
METHODS. Record-linkage was performed between the population-based Victorian Birth Defects Register and records of deaths in children up to 15 years of age collected under the auspice of the Consultative Council on Obstetric and Pediatric Mortality and Morbidity. Cases of Down syndrome were coded according to the presence or absence of comorbidities by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision classification of birth defects. Kaplan-Meier survival functions and log rank tests for equality of survival distributions were performed.
RESULTS. Of infants liveborn with Down syndrome in 1998–2000, 90% survived to 5 years of age, compared with 86% in the earlier cohort. With fetal deaths excluded, the proportion of isolated Down syndrome cases in the earlier cohort was 48.7% compared with 46.1% in the most recent cohort. In 1988–1990 there was at least 1 cardiac defect in 41.1% of cases and in 45.4% in 1998–2000. There was significant variation in survival rates for the different comorbidity groupings in the 1988–1990 cohort, but this was not so evident in the1998–2000 cohort.
CONCLUSIONS. Survival of children with Down syndrome continues to improve, and there is an overall survival figure of 90% to at least 5 years of age. It is clear from this study that prenatal screening technologies are not differentially ascertaining fetuses with Down syndrome and additional defects, because there has been no proportional increase in births of isolated cases with Down syndrome.