bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the LISEM soil erosion model in two catchments in the East African Highlands
Authors: Hessel Rudi , van den Bosch Rik , Vigiak Olga 
Published: November 2005

AbstractUnder increasing population pressure, soil erosion has become a threat in the East African Highlands, and erosion modelling can be useful to quantify this threat. To test its applicability for this region, the LISEM soil erosion model was applied to two small catchments, one in the Usumbara Mountains, Tanzania, and the other on the slopes of Mount Kenya. Input data for the model were collected in both catchments, as were data on runoff and erosion that were used for calibration and validation of the model. LISEM was first calibrated on catchment outlet data, and afterwards simulated spatial patterns of erosion were compared to available erosion data. The results showed that LISEM can, after calibration, give good discharge predictions for some events, but not for all. However, LISEM generally overpredicted soil loss from the catchments. Comparison with observed erosion patterns did not show overprediction, but according to the model, erosion was more widespread than was observed. There are several reasons for these discrepancies. First, it is difficult to obtain enough accurate data to run the model, such as accurate maps, rainfall data and soil and plant characteristics. Second, it is also difficult to obtain accurate data to evaluate the performance of the model, either for the catchment outlet or spatially, therefore observed erosion rates are also uncertain. Third, the model could not deal correctly with complex events, i.e. those having double rainfall peaks, and might also have difficulties with catchment characteristics such as soil type and the complexity of land use. Finally, LISEM could not deal with events in which throughflow or baseflow played a role, which was to be expected since those processes are not simulated by LISEM. Nevertheless, LISEM could be calibrated to give good discharge predictions for some events, and also gave reasonable results when compared to data obtained from erosion plots. Furthermore, only complex, distributed, storm‐based models such as LISEM can give spatial predictions for single storms. Therefore, it is concluded that if the aim is spatial prediction on an event basis, there is no alternative to complex erosion models such as LISEM, but if the aim is to predict average annual erosion, the data‐demanding, physically based LISEM erosion model may not be the most appropriate model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The termination of the last major phase of aeolian sand movement, coastal dunefields, Denmark
Authors: Clemmensen Lars B. , Murray Andrew 
Published: November 2005

AbstractOptically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sand samples from stabilized (or inactive) coastal dunes in Denmark provides information on the age of the termination phase of the last major aeolian activity period. A total of 26 sand samples were taken from four different coastal dunefields around the North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat coasts of Denmark. The OSL dates indicate that the last major phase of aeolian activity terminated between ad 1860 and 1905. Most of the dunes examined in this study were active around 1820, during a period documented to have been very stormy. A dune management scheme started around 1792, and this no doubt was a major cause of dunefield stabilization, but an overall decline of storminess, particularly spring and summer storminess, around the end of the 19th century must also have contributed to the increasing inactivity of coastal dunes. The new OSL dates on aeolian sand movement agree well with historical data and data from topographic maps on dune movement. This agreement supports the observation from earlier work that OSL dating of recent aeolian sand movement is accurate over the last few decades to centuries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the analysis and reduction of the cogging torque of a claw pole transverse flux permanent magnet machine
Authors: Masmoudi Ahmed , Njeh Anis , Elantably Ahmed 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe transverse flux permanent magnet machine (TFPM) is currently given an increasing attention, especially in electric and hybrid propulsion applications. Although significant improvements have been carried out on the earlier topologies, much work is still required before the TFPM can be regarded as a mature concept. Of particular interest is the cogging torque reduction which is a vital requirement in propulsion applications, as far as passenger comfort is concerned. The present paper deals with, in a first step, a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA)‐based investigation of the cogging torque of a claw pole TFPM. Then, an approach to the cogging torque reduction based on skewing is proposed. This is done considering a single‐phase TFPM concept. Then, the study is extended to the three‐phase claw pole TFPM, considering different combinations of the axially‐arranged phases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the attempts to optimize the performance and cost‐effectiveness of TFPM drives: a crucial challenge for the automotive industry
Authors: Masmoudi Ahmed 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMuch attention is currently focused upon transverse flux permanent magnet machines (TFPMs), especially in automotive applications, in so far as, to date, they exhibit the highest power production capability. Different automotive manufacturers are currently involved in R&D programs dealing with TFPM concepts and the possibilities of their integration in electric and hybrid propulsion systems. This paper is devoted to the analysis of two R&D projects developed within the design of TFPMs intended for hybrid propulsion systems of heavy‐duty vehicles. In spite of the increasing interest in TFPMs and the significant improvements brought to their earlier topologies, we can firmly state that further investigations remain to be carried out before the TFPM concepts could be regarded as a mature technology for the automotive industry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new tabu search method for continuous parameter optimization: application to design problems in electromagnetic
Authors: Hajji O. , Brisset S. , Brochet P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSpecificities of optimal design problem in electromagnetic are emphasized. To overcome the revolting difficulties met with the classical stochastic methods, a new tabu search algorithm for global optimization of multimodal functions with continuous variables is presented and used for solving some of this kind of electromagnetic optimization problems such as Bruhless DC motor, SMES optimization, and die mold press. It is compared favorably with Hu's tabu search and universal tabu search methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐pot three components synthesis of alkyl indeno [1,2‐b]‐quinoxalin‐11‐ylideneacetates in water and under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Azizian Javad , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R. , Karimi Nargess , Kazemizadeh Zahra , Mohammadi Ali A. , Karimi Ali R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe introduced a very simple, one‐pot three component procedure for preparation of alkyl indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxalin‐11‐ylideneacetates 4 from reaction of ninhydrin 1, phenylenediamines 2, (alkoxycarbonylmethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromides 3, and sodium acetate in water and under solvent‐free conditions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:549–552, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20136
Suzuki reaction of aryl chlorides using saturated N‐heterocarbene ligands
Authors: Özdemir Ismail , Yaşar Sedat , Demir Serpil , Çetinkaya Bekir 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFrom readily available starting materials, six 1,3‐dialkyl‐imidazolinium bromides (2a–f) have been prepared and characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. The incorporation of saturated N‐heterocyclic carbenes into palladium precatalysts gives high catalyst activity in the Suzuki coupling of deactivated aryl chloride substrates in aqueous media. The complexes were generated in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 by in situ deprotonation of 2a–f. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:557–561, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20140
Synthesis of 2‐phosphinoxidomethyl‐ and 2‐phosphonomethyl glutaric acid derivatives
Authors: Harsányi Kálmán , Domány György , Greiner István , Forintos Henrietta , Keglevich György 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMichael addition of the corresponding anions derived from diphenylphosphine oxide, dialkylphosphites, and a cyclic phosphite to α‐methylene‐glutaric esters (1) afforded the title compounds (2–6). Double debenzylation of 2‐phosphono glutaric esters 4b and 5a by catalytic hydrogenation under the appropriate conditions gave the correspon‐ ding diacides 8 and 9, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:562–565, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20142
Amino acid derivatives, part 3: New peptide and glycopeptide derivatives conjugated naphthalene. Synthesis, antitumor, anti‐HIV, and BVDV evaluation
Authors: Al‐Masoudi Najim A. , Al‐Masoudi Iman A. , Ali Ibrahim A. I. , Saeed Bahjat , Colla Palo La 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA series of peptide derivatives conjugated naphthalene residue 11–25, the glycoside 27 as well as the 7‐glycoside 30, and the 2‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐(N‐benzyl‐N‐isopropylamino)propoxy)naphthalene bearing methionine 31 were synthesized. The new compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity against HIV‐1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), where 31 showed remarkable activity against HIV‐1. The cytotoxicity, in vitro, of 11–25 and 27 was assayed against a panel of tumor cell lines consisting of CD4 human T‐cells containing an integrated T‐leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1), CD4 human acute T‐lympho‐ blastic leukemia, splenic B‐lympho‐blastoid cells, acute B‐lymphoblastic leukemia, mela‐noma, breast adenocarcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, foreskin fibroblasts, and lung fibroblasts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:576–585, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20149
Sulfur‐containing derivatives of 1,4‐naphthoquinone, part 2: Sulfenyl derivative synthesis
Authors: Stasevych Maryna V. , Plotnikov Maxym Yu. , Platonov Mykola O. , Sabat Svitlana I. , Musyanovych Rostyslav Ya. , Novikov Volodymyr P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSulfenylchlorides, sulfenates, and sulfenamides of 1,4‐naphthoquinone were synthesized, and different methods of their syntheses were investigated. Synthesized sulfenates and sulfenamides are stable due to the large electron‐withdrawing potential of the conjugated quinonic system. Obtained mono‐ and bi‐functional sulfenderivatives are very important in organic synthesis of different new heterocyclic compounds. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:587–598, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20157
The povarov reaction of cyclopentadiene with imines from methyl 12‐amino‐dehydroabietate
Authors: Tolstikov A. G. , Glushkov V. A. , Tarantin A. V. , Kazanbaeva G. F. , Shashkov A. S. , Suponitsky K. Yu. , Dembitsky V. M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe aza‐Diels‐Alder cycloaddition reaction of cyclopentadiene with benzylideneanilines from methyl 12‐amino‐dehydroabietate is described via the Povarov reaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:605–612, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20159
Conformational and crystal packing differences in (+)‐7,8‐Di‐tert‐butoxy‐1‐ phenyloctahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo(1,2‐b)‐1H‐phospholo(2,3‐d)isoxazole 1‐oxide diastereoisomers
Authors: Kruszynski Rafal , Wieczorek Wanda 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe crystal and molecular structures of (1S,3aR,7S,8S,8aR,8bR)‐(+)‐7,8‐Di‐tert‐butoxy‐1‐ph‐ enyloctahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo(1,‐b)‐1H‐phospholo(2,‐ d)isoxazole 1‐oxide (III, hereafter) and (1R,3aS,7S, 8S,8aS,8bS)‐(+)‐7,8‐Di‐tert‐butoxy‐1‐phenyloctahyd‐ ro‐1H‐pyrrolo(1,2‐b)‐1H‐phospholo(2,3‐d)isoxazole 1‐ oxide (IV, hereafter) have been determined. III crystallizes in space group P212121, and IV in P21 one. The conformational analysis of the puckered heteroatom three‐ring system shows the conformation of noticeable distorted envelope with puckering amplitude Q2 = 0.397 Å, the intermediate conformation between twisted and envelope with Q2 = 0.353 Å, and half‐chair conformation with Q2 = 0.451 Å, for phospholane, oxazolidine, and pyrrolidine rings of III, respectively. Rings in molecule of IV adopt conformations of envelopes with Q2 = 0.381 Å, Q2 = 0.367 Å, and Q2 = 0.363 Å, respectively, for the rings as described above. The molecules of III are assembled by intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds to the one‐dimensional chain along x‐axis. The structure of IV is built‐up of weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a two‐dimensional hydrogen bond network. The differences in conformation between compounds III and IV cause changes in hydrogen bonding pattern, because in molecule IV there is no hydrogen cavern filled with three hydrogen bond donors, and one weak hydrogen bond has not enough strength to force such an arrangement as it is in III. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:613–620, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20160
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,3,4‐oxa(thia)diazole, and 1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine derivatives
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Farag Ahmad M. , Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract3‐Methyl‐2‐benzofurancarboxylic acid hydrazide (2) reacts with carbon disulfide and pota‐ ssium hydroxide to give the corresponding potassium carbodithioate salt 3. Treatment of the latter salt with hydrochloric acid, hydrazine hydrate, and with phen‐ acyl bromide afforded the corresponding 1,3,4‐oxadia‐ zole‐5‐thione 4, 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione 5, and thiazolidine‐2‐thione 9 derivatives, respectively. The reaction of either 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐5‐thione 4 or 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione 5 with phenacyl bromide resulted in the formation of 1,2,4‐triazolo[3, 4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine derivative 8. Treatment of compounds 3 or 4 with hydrazonoyl halides 10a–d furn‐ ished the same 1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐ylidene derivatives 11a–d. The 7‐arylhydrazono‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1, 3,4‐thiadiazine derivatives 12a–d were obtained either by treatment of 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione 5 with hydrazonoyl halides 10a–d or by coupling of the 1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine derivative 8 with diazonium salts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:621–627, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20162
Barriers to the intramolecular N‐ to N‐transfer of different groups in pyrazoles: Prototropy vs. Elementotropy
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBarriers to the N‐ to N‐ transfer of different groups in pyrazole have been calculated at different levels (B3LYP and MP2 with 6‐31G*, 6‐311G*, and CEP‐121 basis sets). Ten groups studied were H, BH2, CH3, CHO, AlH2, SiH3, GaH2, GeH3, SnH3, and HgH. Two types of different transition states were found: The most common is a triangular situation with the group symmetrically linked to both N atoms. For metals M of the group 13 (B, Ga, Al) that situation is a second minimum while the TS corresponds to a rotation about the NM bond plus a displacement of the migrating group to yield a nonsymmetric TS. A relationship between the barrier and the geometry has been found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:628–636, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20163
Preparation of 2‐aminobenzophenones and polysubstituted quinolines through SmI2 promoted reductive cleavage of 3‐aryl‐2,1‐benzisoxazoles
Authors: Fan Xuesen , Zhang Xinying , Zhang Yongmin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPromoted by SmI2, 3‐aryl‐2,1‐benzi‐ soxazoles underwent reductive cleavage of the NO bond leading to 2‐aminobenzophenones in high yields upon protonation. Otherwise, if ketones with active methylene group were added to the reaction mixture prior to protonation, the desired polysubstituted quinolines could be obtained under mild conditions in a one‐pot manner. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:637–643, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20164
Organoselenium‐substituted poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)
Authors: Stuhr‐Hansen Nicolai , Beckers Edwin H. A. , Engman Lars , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA new type of conjugated polymer, organoselenium substituted poly(p‐phenyleneviny‐ lene) (PPV), was synthesized from the corresponding alkylselenenyl p‐xylylene dibromide via a Gilch route using potassium tert‐butoxide in THF. The p‐xylylene dibromide precursors were synthesized by reacting lithiated bis(methoxymethyl)benzenes with elemental selenium, followed by alkylation of the generated selenolates. As a final demasking step, the bromomethyl functions were liberated by ether cleavage using boron tribromide. Bis‐alkylselenenyl PPV was obtained with an average molecular weight Mw of approximately 300,000 g/mol and with polydispersity Mw/Mn = 2. Due to low solubility, monoalkylselenenyl PPV was obtained with a considerably lower average molecular weight in the proximity of 16,000 g/mol and with a polydispersity slightly larger than 3. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the bis‐alkylselenenyl PPV is extensively conjugated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:656–662, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20167
Solvent‐free alkali and alkaline earth metal complexes of di‐imine ligands
Authors: Fedushkin Igor L. , Chudakova Valentina A. , Skatova Aleksandra A. , Fukin Georgii K. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCompound [(dph‐BIAN)Mg(THF)]2 (2) was prepared by reacting magnesium metal with 1,2‐bis[(2‐biphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (dph‐BIAN) in THF, followed by crystallization from toluene. Reaction of CaI2 with (dpp‐BIAN)Li2 in toluene afforded [(dpp‐BIAN)Li]2Ca (3) (dpp‐BIAN = 1,2‐bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene). Both complexes 2 and 3 were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The 1H NMR spectroscopic data obtained for complex 3 in toluene solution indicated an agostic interaction between the methyl groups of the ligand and lithium atoms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:663–670, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20168
Nodal and splenic marginal zone B cell lymphomas
Authors: Mollejo Manuela , Camacho Francisca I , Algara Patricia , Ruiz‐Ballesteros Elena , García Juan F , Piris Miguel A 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSplenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) and nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) are newly defined, separate clinicopathological entities. Both are rare lymphoma types, with low reproducibility in the diagnosis, although a conjunction of molecular and clinical studies seems to be now facilitating a more accurate diagnosis and understanding of the neoplastic process. SMZL is a disease involving the spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood since the initial manifestations of the disease. The diagnosis has been until very recently based on the pathological study of the spleen with the conjunction of the clinical features, although the integration of the morphology in bone marrow and peripheral blood with the immunophenotype and molecular characteristics of the tumour makes a more accurate diagnosis now possible. The most frequent molecular alteration found in SMZL is allelic loss at the 7q chromosomal region. SMZL is an indolent lymphoma, although there is small subset of patients in which it follows an aggressive course. Molecular studies of SMZL are starting to reveal new diagnostic and prognostic markers, and to identify new potentially useful therapeutic targets. Nodal marginal zone lymphoma is a B‐cell neoplasm originated in the lymph node, whose histology resembles the nodal infiltration by MALT‐ or Splenic‐type marginal zone lymphoma, in the absence of clinical evidence of extranodal or spleen disease. The lack of characteristic phenotypic or molecular diagnostic findings is still hampering the reproducibility of this diagnosis. Here we review the main morphological and immunophenotypical markers, discussing the differential with other overlapping entities, singularly follicular lymphoma. Specific therapeutic protocols and prognostic factors are required to more precisely define this tumour. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human osteoblast cells: Isolation, characterization, and growth on polymers for musculoskeletal tissue engineering
Authors: El‐Amin Saadiq F. , Botchwey Edward , Tuli Richard , Kofron Michelle D. , Mesfin Addisu , Sethuraman Swaminathan , S. Tuan Rocky , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe performed a detailed examination of the isolation, characterization, and growth of human osteoblast cells derived from trabecular bone. We further examined the morphology, phenotypic gene expression, mineralization, and growth of these human osteoblasts on polyester polymers used for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid [PLAGA (85:15, 50:50, 75:25)], and polylactic acid (L‐PLA, D,L‐PLA) were examined. The osteoblastic expression of key phenotypic markers osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, collagen, and bone sialoprotein at 4 and 8 weeks was examined. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction studies revealed that trabecular‐derived osteoblasts were positive for all markers evaluated with higher levels expressed over long‐term culture. These cells also revealed mineralization and maturation as evidenced by energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Growth studies on PLAGA at 50:50, 75:25, and 85:15 ratios and PLA in the L and DL isoforms revealed that human osteoblasts actively grew, with significantly higher cell numbers attached to scaffolds composed of PLAGA 50:50 in the short term and PLAGA 85:15 in the long term compared with PLA (p < 0.05). We believe human cell adhesion among these polymeric materials may be dependent on differences in cellular integrin expression and extracellular matrix protein elaboration. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006