bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative bioassessment of sediment toxicity in lentic and lotic ecosystems of the North American Great Lakes
Authors: Munawar M. , Dermott R. , McCarthy L.H. , Munawar S.F. , van Stam H.A. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The bioavailability of sediment bound contaminants in lentic (Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario) and lotic (Detroit River connecting Lakes St. Clair and Erie) environments were assessed by a battery of multi-trophic tests using laboratory grown organisms. Hamilton Harbour is a hyper-eutrophic and highly contaminated environment due to extensive urban and industrial growth, while the Detroit River has been implicated as a major source of contaminants to Lake Erie. An array of sites across Hamilton Harbour and the Detroit River were selected, including the mouth of the Rouge River as well as the Trenton Channel—the contaminated western arm of the Detroit River. Multi-trophic acute assays were conducted using Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, Diporeia hoyi, and Lumbriculus variegatus. While the tests were consistent in determining the most toxic hot spots, variability existed in the sensitivities of test organisms to discriminate among less contaminated sites. The most toxic sediment in the Detroit River was at the mouth of the Rouge River, while the site in Windermere Basin in Hamilton harbour was found to be deleterious. The results indicated that the toxicity in a lotic ecosystem such as the Detroit River was caused by both the bottom sediments and the mobile seston component which contributed to the water-borne toxicity. Conversely, lentic and undisturbed ecosystems such as Hamilton Harbour contain much of their toxic component in the bottom sediments and not in the overlying water column. The multi-trophic battery of test approach adopted in our study appears to be effective in detecting and discriminating differential sensitivities of sediment bound contaminants in both lentic and lotic ecosystems. This battery of tests approach needs continued modification, development, and improvement to keep the assays up-to-date, sensitive, cost effective and adaptable in discriminating complex mixtures of sediment bound contaminants found in natural ecosystems.
Review of emerging issues in sediment treatment
Authors: Murphy T.P. , Lawson A. , Kumagai M. , Babin J. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Sediment treatment options include dredging, physical and chemical capping, and in situ sediment treatment. In our studies, in situ sediment treatment has been used to oxidize sediment sulphides, control eutrophication and bioremediate organic contaminants. Sediment contamination of various types was studied in 22 sites from six countries in North America, Europe and Asia. In Hong Kong, field testing of sediment treatment oxidized 99% of sulphide and controlled odours. In Lake Biwa, Japan, where excess nutrients in sediments enhanced growth of toxin producing algae, sediment treatment with calcium nitrate blocked growth of these algae. Oxidation of sulphide in Lake Biwa sediments precipitated &gt; 80% of the porewater phosphorus. Oxidation of sulphides and addition of nutrients biodegraded more than half of the organic contaminants in Hamilton Harbour, Canada. The biotreatability of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is very site specific and is faster in sites with higher concentrations of oil.
Rankprop: a web server for protein remote homology detection
Authors: Melvin Iain , Weston Jason , Leslie Christina , Noble William Stafford 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Summary: We present a large-scale implementation of the Rankprop protein homology ranking algorithm in the form of an openly accessible web server. We use the NRDB40 PSI-BLAST all-versus-all protein similarity network of 1.1 million proteins to construct the graph for the Rankprop algorithm, whereas previously, results were only reported for a database of 108 000 proteins. We also describe two algorithmic improvements to the original algorithm, including propagation from multiple homologs of the query and better normalization of ranking scores, that lead to higher accuracy and to scores with a probabilistic interpretation.
Availability: The Rankprop web server and source code are available at http://rankprop.gs.washington.edu
Contact: iain@nec-labs.com; noble@gs.washington.edu
Thr92Ala polymorphism in the type 2 deiodinase is not associated with T4 dose in athyroid patients or patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis
Authors: Heemstra K. A. , Hoftijzer H. C. , Van Der Deure W. M. , Peeters R. P. , Fliers E. , Appelhof B. C. , Wiersinga W. M. , Corssmit E. P. M. , Visser T. J. , Smit J. W. A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryObjective  The type 2 deiodinase (D2)‐Thr92Ala polymorphism has been associated with decreased D2 activity in some in vitro experiments but not in others. So far no association between the D2‐Thr92Ala polymorphism and serum thyroid hormone levels has been observed in humans, but in a recent study in athyroid patients, it was suggested that patients homozygous for the Ala92 allele needed higher T4 doses to achieve TSH suppression.We studied the association between the D2‐Thr92Ala polymorphism with thyroid hormone levels and T4 dosage, in patients treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and in a group of patients treated for Hashimoto thyroiditis.Design  Cross‐sectional study.Patients  We studied 154 patients with DTC treated with TSH suppressive thyroid hormone replacement therapy for longer than 3 years and 141 patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis treated for at least 6 months with T4.Measurements  In all patients, serum levels of TSH, free T4, T3 and reverse T3 were measured and genotypes of the D2‐Thr92Ala polymorphism were determined by Taqman assay. Univariate regression analysis was performed to determine the relation between T4 dosages and the D2‐Thr92Ala polymorphism corrected for age, gender, BMI and serum TSH levels.Results  Both in DTC patients and Hashimoto patients, no association was observed between serum thyroid hormone levels or T4 dosages in presence of the D2‐Thr92Ala polymorphism. Categorization of DTC patients according to degree of TSH suppression did not change these results.Conclusion  The D2‐Thr92Ala polymorphism is not associated with thyroid hormone levels or T4 dose in patients treated for DTC or Hashimoto thyroiditis.
Transcription factor NtcB specifically controls the nitrate assimilation genes in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002
Authors: Sakamoto Toshio , Inoue‐Sakamoto Kaori , Persson Søren , Bryant Donald A. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYThe ntcA and ntcB genes, encoding cAMP‐receptor‐protein (CRP) type and LysR type transcriptional regulators, respectively, were isolated from the transformable marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 to study the inactivation of these genes by interposon mutagenesis. The ntcA gene could not be disrupted in this cyanobacterial strain, indicating that the ntcA gene is essential for cell growth on either urea or nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. The ntcB mutant cells grew very slowly on nitrate or nitrite as the sole nitrogen source but could grow on urea at the same rate as wild‐type cells. The consumption of nitrate and nitrite was barely detectable in the ntcB mutant cells, indicating that nitrate and nitrite use was impaired in the ntcB mutant. In wild‐type cells, mRNA levels for the three genes required for nitrate assimilation, nrtP (nitrate permease), narB (nitrate reductase) and nirA (nitrite reductase), increased when cells were shifted to nitrate growth conditions, but no increase in transcription of these genes occurred in the ntcB mutant. The mRNA level of ntcA was nearly identical in the wild‐type and ntcB mutant cells. These results demonstrate that NtcB specifically controls the transcription of the three genes for nitrate assimilation in this marine cyanobacterium.
Morphology of four plagiogrammacean diatoms; Dimeregramma minor var. nana, Neofragilaria nicobarica, Plagiogramma atomus and Psammogramma vigoensis gen. et sp. nov., and their phylogenetic relationship inferred from partial large subunit rDNA
Authors: Sato Shinya , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Crawford Richard M. , Kooistra Wiebe H.C.F. , Medlin Linda K. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYA marine araphid pennate diatom obtained from sand grains sampled at two sites at Vigo, Spain is described as Psammogramma vigoensis S. Sato et Medlin, a member of the family Plagiogrammaceae, based on observations of frustule fine structure. The species possesses elongated valves with apical pore fields and parallel rows of striae oriented perpendicular to the apical axis. Valve poroids are occluded by perforated rotae. There is a weak sternum along the apical axis and rimoportulae are absent. Detailed observations of Dimeregramma minor var. nana (Gregory) Ralfs, Neofragilaria nicobarica Desikachary, Prasad et Prema and Plagiogramma atomus Greville, were also undertaken. Based on morphological features, the transfer of Neofragilaria nicobarica from the Fragilariaceae to the Plagiogrammaceae is proposed. Partial large subunit rDNA phylogeny also supported inclusion of both Psammogramma and Neofragilaria in Plagiogrammaceae.
Stating the Production of Scales: Centrally Orchestrated Regionalism, Regionally Orchestrated Centralism
Authors: HARRISON JOHN 
Published: November 2008

AbstractUnder the banner of the new regionalism, the past decade has witnessed a revival of academic and political interest in the region as a strategic site for economic activity and scale for socially integrating civil society. What remains unclear, however, are the ‘actual mechanisms’ that connect this new politics of economic development with transitions in the regulation and governance of contemporary capitalism and its territorial form. This article seeks further connection by distinguishing between the processes ofcentrally orchestrated regionalismandregionally orchestrated centralismin the production of regions. While sympathetic to the general tenor of the new regionalism, this article presents an account of England's unique new regionalist policy experiment to pose searching questions relating to the future direction of the new regionalism. Arguing that the new regionalism remains a fruitful avenue for unravelling the processes involved in the production of spatial scale(s), the article concludes that uncovering the politically charged processes involved in the production of subnational space remains an urgent task for urban and regional scholars.RésuméCes dix dernières années ont vu renaître, sous la bannière du nouveau régionalisme, un intérêt intellectuel et politique pour la région en tant que lieu stratégique pour l'activitééconomique et échelon viable pour une société civile intégrée socialement. Les “mécanismes concrets” qui relient ce nouvel espace politique de développement économique à des formes transitoires de régulation et de gouvernance du capitalisme contemporain et à sa forme territoriale restent toutefois mal définis. Il s'agit ici de chercher un autre lien en distinguant, dans la production des régions, les processus derégionalisme orchestré au plan centralet decentralisme orchestré au plan régional. Bien qu'en accord avec la teneur générale du nouveau régionalisme, cet article rend compte de l'expérience anglaise unique de politique régionaliste afin de formuler des questions de recherche sur l'orientation future du nouveau régionalisme. En soutenant que ce dernier reste une voie productive pour dénouer les processus entrant dans la production d'un ou plusieurs échelons spatiaux, ce travail conclut que dévoiler les processus, délicats au plan politique, qui sont impliqués dans la production d'un espace infranational doit demeurer une priorité absolue pour les acteurs de la recherche urbaine et régionale.
Investigation of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 −1607 1G/2G polymorphism in a Turkish population with periodontitis
Authors: Ustun Kemal , Alptekin Nilgün Özlem , Hakki Sema S. , Hakki Erdogan E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAim: Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) is a proteolytic enzyme that degrades extracellular matrix and plays a fundamental role during destruction of periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the association between MMP‐1 −1607 1G/2G polymorphism and chronic periodontitis susceptibility in a Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 180 subjects were enrolled in this study. All the subjects received a periodontal examination including full‐mouth clinical attachment loss measurements, probing depths, plaque index scores, gingival index scores and radiographic bone loss ratios. Three groups formed according to periodontal conditions were healthy, moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis groups. MMP‐1 −1607 1G/2G gene promoter polymorphism was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method.Results: Analysis of the polymorphism showed no differences in distribution of the MMP‐1 −1607 1G/2G polymorphism among healthy, moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis groups (p>0.05). When the groups were further stratified by smoking status, we found no significant differences in genotype distributions, allele frequencies and carriage rates among any groups either (p>0.05).Conclusions: On the basis of the results, no significant association is found for the MMP‐1 −1607 1G/2G polymorphism with susceptibility to periodontitis. Moreover, smoking status did not seem to affect this result.
Phosphorus budget and productivity of an experimental lake during the initial three years of cage aquaculture
Authors: Bristow Corben E. , Morin Antoine , Hesslein Ray H. , Podemski Cheryl L. 
Published: November 2008

An experiment was conducted at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA; Ontario, Canada) to investigate the effect of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) cage aquaculture on the phosphorus budget and productivity of a small Precambrian Shield lake during the first three years of fish farming. Annual inputs of phosphorus to the experimental lake from aquaculture waste (67–100 kg) exceeded combined annual inputs from inflows and direct atmospheric deposition (4–18 kg). Compared with a reference lake, hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen concentrations in the aquaculture lake decreased by 36% and hypolimnetic ammonium and total phosphorus increased by 120% and 35%, respectively. However, compared with an epilimnion-fertilized lake, hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture lake was 255% greater and epilimnetic suspended carbon and chlorophyll a was lower by 64% and 85%, respectively. Epilimnetic suspended carbon and hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen concentrations during aquaculture were more similar to concentrations measured in a hypolimnion-fertilized lake. Although the experimental lake remained oligotrophic during the initial three years of aquaculture, hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen decreased each year and hypolimnetic ammonium and total phosphorus increased each year, which suggests that the lake did not reach a steady state.
Stabilization of the phosphatic wastes using high calcium ash in Jordan
Authors: Abdel Hadi Nafeth Abdel Rahman M. 
Published: November 2008

A significant amount of phosphatic waste and phosphatic overburden soils are stockpiled in the Al-Rusaifa area of Jordan. Research was completed on stabilizing this waste by mixing it with limy ash that was produced by the direct combustion of bituminous limestone. Doing so minimizes the environmental impact of the huge amount of phosphatic waste, and produces a product that can be used in various construction projects like earth works, pavement works, production of masonry blocks and curbstones. A variety of laboratory tests were completed to determine the suitability of the stabilized waste for these different uses. The S2 ash was produced by the direct combustion of bituminous limestone at 950 °C while the S3 ash was produced at 525 °C. Tests showed that the unconfined compressive strength of the parent phosphatic waste was raised from 1.5 kg/cm2 to 28.8 kg/cm2 for the S2 and to 22.4 kg/cm2 for the S3 ash treated samples. The new results were obtained despite a decrease in the maximum dry density to 1.47 g/cm3 when compared to 1.89 g/cm3 of the original untreated phosphatic waste. The soaked California bearing ratio was raised from 2.4% to 120%. The tests confirmed the suitability of the stabilized waste for a variety of construction applications.
Estimation of Clinical Axial Extension of Class II Caries Lesions with Ultraspeed and Digital Radiographs: An In-vivo Study
Authors: Bin-Shuwaish M. , Dennison J. B. , Yaman P. , Neiva G. 
Published: November 2008

Clinical RelevanceBoth Ultraspeed and RVG-6000 radiographs underestimated the true clinical extension of Class II caries lesions; however, the RVG-6000 was more accurate in estimating the axial extension of a lesion than Ultraspeed films. Placement of Ultraspeed film was more pleasant for the patient than the RVG-6000 size 2 sensor.
Adolescent Psychiatry and the Concepts of “Open System” in the Service of EGO Growth and Evolvement
Authors: Hofstatter Leopold , Amanat Ebrahim 
Published: November 2008

The design of a carefully planned treatment program for disturbed adolescents within the framework of Bertalanffy's “Open System” theory is presented in some detail. It follows closely the four psychiatrically important principles of: 1. Openness and interaction (mutuality) 2. Intrinsic spontaneous goal directed activity 3. Maintenance of a “steady state” of balanced tension, and 4. Increasing self-governing organization. It addresses itself to both the patient as a system and the related systems of his ward, his unit (patients and staff), his family, school, and even civic organizations. The treatment program has proven promising in the two years of its existence.
The angiopoietin 1/angiopoietin 2 balance as a prognostic marker in primary glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Sie Mariska , Wagemakers Michiel , Molema Grietje , Mooij Jan Jakob A. , de Bont Eveline S. J. M. , den Dunnen Wilfred F. A. 
Published: November 2008

Object
In the present study, the authors analyzed the ANGPT1/ANGPT2 balance in the context of therapeutic outcome in 62 patients with primary glioblastomas multiforme (GBMs).

Methods
The tumor tissue used was obtained in adult patients who underwent neurosurgical debulking. Microvessel density was assessed by morphometric analysis. Double immunostaining for Ki 67/CD34 and cleaved caspase-3/CD34 was used to investigate the proliferation and apoptotic fraction of both endothelial and tumor cells. The expression of VEGFs (A–D) was evaluated on immunohistochemistry. To measure tumor vascular stabilization, the ANGPT1/ANGPT2 mRNA balance was determined using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Within the hypoxic perinecrotic tumor area, the apoptotic fraction of endothelial cells was positively correlated with VEGFA expression (p < 0.001). Higher levels of VEGFA correlated with greater proliferation of endothelial cells in the intermediate tumor area (p = 0.031). Vascular endothelial growth factor D was significantly more highly expressed within the perinecrotic tumor area compared with the intermediate tumor area (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between the ANGPT1/ANGPT2 balance and the survival time of patients with GBMs (p = 0.035).

Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest that the ANGPT1/ANGPT2 balance has prognostic value in patients with primary GBMs. The authors' findings support the need for further studies of the feasibility of antiangiogenic therapy in primary GBMs, with a special focus on the normalization of tumor vasculature.
Hybrid kernel learning via genetic optimization for TS fuzzy system identification
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Yupu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a new TS fuzzy system identification approach based on hybrid kernel learning and an improved genetic algorithm (GA). Structure identification is achieved by using support vector regression (SVR), in which a hybrid kernel function is adopted to improve regression performance. For multiple‐parameter selection of SVR, the proposed GA is adopted to speed up the search process and guarantee the least number of support vectors. As a result, a concise model structure can be determined by these obtained support vectors. Then, the premise parameters of fuzzy rules can be extracted from results of SVR, and the consequent parameters can be optimized by the least‐square method. Simulation results show that the resulting fuzzy model not only achieves satisfactory accuracy, but also takes on good generalization capability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inadvertent subclavian artery catheter placement complicated by stroke: Endovascular management and review
Authors: Jahromi Babak S. , Tummala Ramachandra P. , Levy Elad I. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:Removal of large‐bore venous catheters misplaced within the subclavian artery risks significant hemorrhage due to the noncompressible entry site. Comorbidities in these patients often make traditional surgical approaches prohibitive.Case Description:We present a case of inadvertent subclavian artery placement of a central venous catheter complicated by thromboembolic stroke, illustrate treatment with a combination of percutaneous closure and temporary balloon tamponade, and review the endovascular management of this unusual problem.Conclusion:Endovascular treatment of inadvertent subclavian artery catheterization appears to be a reasonable option, and its less‐invasive nature may be beneficial for patients in whom the underlying disease initially required central venous access. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3/TMSCl: An Effective Catalytic System for the Conjugate Addition of Sodium p‐Toluenesulfinate to α,β‐Enones.
Authors: Sreedhar B. , Reddy M. Amarnath , Reddy P. Surendra 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Feasibility Study on Membrane‐Aided Cleanup and Fractionation of Fatty Acid Esters Produced from Waste Fats
Authors: Wichmann Hubertus , Sahlabji Taher , Ohnesorge Maren , Vogt Roland , Bahadir Müfit 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSignificant efforts are being made to replace mineral oil by renewable raw materials in technical products such as lubricating oils. Energy‐ and cost‐effective production and refinement routes for such oils, e. g., fatty acid esters, are in progress. In this context, a feasibility study is performed into whether the application of membrane‐aided separation procedures is suitable for the hydrophobic matrix of fatty acid methylesters (FAME). It is found that an enrichment of saturated acid esters from 28 to 51% is possible in just three steps for an unsaturated fatty acid ester matrix. The free fatty acids content can also be considerably reduced. This cleanup effect can be enhanced by the inclusion of a basic additive.
Missing row reconstruction on three low index surfaces of ten FCC metals
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Min , Zhang Min‐Yan , Xu Ke‐Wei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWith modified embedded‐atom method (MEAM), the surface energies of the perfect and (1×2) missing row structure on (100), (110) and (111) surfaces, and (1×3), (1×4) and (1×5) missing row structure on (110) surface have been calculated for ten FCC metals Pb, Au, Pt, Ir, Ag, Pd, Rh, Cu, Ni and Al. According to the energy minimization, we know that the (1×2) missing row reconstruction cannot be formed spontaneously on (100) and (111) surfaces of all ten FCC metals. However, not only (1×2) but also (1×3) missing row reconstruction can be formed on (110) surface of Au, Pt and Al spontaneously. These are consistent with the experimental results except Al for which the experiment has not been reported. The results are also analyzed in terms of the surface configurations and valence electron structures. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)