bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of partially purified extracellular lipase fractions from Pseudomonas fragi CRDA 037
Authors: Wahab Aliaa Abdul , Kermasha Selim , Bisakowski Barbara , Morin André 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purification of extracellular lipases from the culture medium of Pseudomonas fragi CRDA 037 was obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by ion‐exchange chromatography and then by size exclusion chromatography, and re‐size exclusion chromatography, which resulted in two enzymatic fractions, FIVa′ and FIVb′. The fractions FIVa′ and FIVb′ had specific activities of 105.5 and 121.6 U/mg, respectively, with purification folds of 169.3 and 195.2, respectively, using triacetin as a substrate. The two purified fractions showed optimal activities at pH 9.5 and 10.0, respectively, at 80°C. Three bands were found in fraction FIVa′ and two bands in fraction FIVb′ by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; these results indicated that homogeneity of the purified fractions was not achieved. The enzyme efficiency values, calculated as the ratio of Vmax to Km value for fractions FIVa′ and FIVb′, were 72.16 × 10−2 and 38.15 × 10−2, respectively. The lipase activity of fraction FIVa′ was more specific for the hydrolysis of fatty acid esters with fatty acid chain lengths of C12 to C18, whereas that of fraction FIVb′ showed a relatively broader range of specificity. The lipase activity of fraction FIVa′ showed higher specificity toward triacetin, tristearin, and tripalmitin as the substrate, whereas that of fraction FIVb′ exhibited higher affinity toward triacetin, trimyristin, and triolein. The effect of selected salts and detergents on the lipase activity of the purified fractions was also investigated. The lipase activity of the purified lipase fractions was completely inhibited by 10 mM of FeCl2, FeCl3, and Ellman’s reagent. However, 10 mM of CaCl2 and EDTA activated the two purified lipase fractions by 20 to 50%.
Composition and crystallization of milk fat fractions
Authors: van Aken G. A. , ten Grotenhuis E. , van Langevelde A. J. , Schenk H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMilk fat was fractionated by solvent (acetone) fractionation and dry fractionation. Based on their fatty acid and acyl‐carbon profiles, the fractions could be divided into three main groups: high‐melting triglycerides (HMT), middle‐melting triglycerides (MMT), and low‐melting triglycerides (LMT). HMT fractions were enriched in long‐chain fatty acids, and reduced in short‐chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The MMT fractions were enriched in long‐chain fatty acids, and reduced in unsaturated fatty acids. The LMT fractions were reduced in long‐chain fatty acids, and enriched in short‐chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. Crystallization of these fractions was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction techniques. In this study, the stable crystal form appeared to be the β′‐form for all fractions. At sufficiently low temperature (different for each fraction), the β′‐form is preceded by crystallization in the metastable α‐form. An important difference between the fractions is the rate of crystallization in the β′‐form, which proceeds at a much lower rate for the lower‐melting fat fractions than for the higher‐melting fat fractions. This may be due to the much lower affinity for crystallization of the lower‐melting fractions, due to the less favorable molecular geometry for packing in the β′‐crystal lattice.
Crystal and molecular structure of an enantiomeric gossypol‐acetic acid clathrate
Authors: Dowd Michael K. , Thomas Leonard M. , Calhoun Millard C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSingle crystals of gossypol with three molecules of acetic acid (gossypol triacetic acid) were grown from solutions of gossypol acetic acid and acetone. The crystals were unstable in air but could be stabilized for X‐ray diffraction analysis by coating the crystal surfaces with a thin layer of mineral oil. The gossypol triacetic acid complex (C30H30O8·3C2H4O2) forms an orthorhombic crystal system with P212121 (Z=4) symmetry. Unit cell dimensions were a=9.0208(7) Å, b=17.4884(10) Å, and c=24.358(2), Å yielding a volume of 3842.7(5) Å3 and a density of 1.2077(2) g/cm3. As with all previously reported crystals of gossypol, the gossypol molecules were of the aldehyde tautomer, and the two planar naphthalene rings were approximately perpendicular. Acetic acid molecules were found to lie in channels within the gossypol matrix. Individual crystals contained only one gossypol enantiomer, but both enantiomers crystallized from solution. Although the crystal habit could not be used to distinguish between the gossypol enantiomers, a fragment of the crystal could be derivatized and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography for this purpose. The ability to grow large, nonracemic crystals leads to a simple procedure for separating small quantities of the individual gossypol enantiomers.
Migration trends in Central Eurasia: Politics versus economics
Authors: Korobkov Andrei V. 
Published: June 2007

The post-Soviet ethnic migration wave was quickly followed by the contraction of population territorial mobility. The growing role of socioeconomic factors in defining the character and intensity of migration flows, including the expansion of temporary, labor and undocumented migration, has been especially pronounced.
These changes indicate the evolving relationship between migration and conflicts developing in Central Eurasia. Initially as an indicator of ethnic tensions and discrimination of minorities, migration is becoming a mechanism of market transition, providing for the economic survival of population under crisis conditions. With the depletion of the number of ethnic Russian migrants, the influx of ethnic aliens, moving primarily from Central Asia and the Transcaucasus to Russia, is increasing in importance.
The present paper discusses the impact of new migration flows on the economies, welfare mechanisms, financial systems, labor markets, and societies of Central Eurasia. Special attention is given to the governmental response to migration phenomenon—from labor migration criminalization to attempts to stimulate the flow of specific migrant groups.
Torture and Liberal Democracy: Response to Levey
Authors: LUKES STEVEN 
Published: June 2007

I am really grateful to Geoffrey Brahm Levey for his critical comments, which push me to try to make clear, first, why I claim that torture is not susceptible of democratic accountability in liberal democracies; secondly, where I believe the residue of deep insight in the Durkheimian argument lies; and thirdly, why I think we cannot rightly speak, or even whisper, of torture as a lesser evil.Torture and democratic accountability. Levey argues that torture can be rendered collectively accountable and that it is not different from other cases of political dirty hands on the democratic front. It could be subject to judicial oversight, for example, by ‘torture warrants’ in the manner of Dershowitz, or by the government or relevant minister being held accountable after the fact. He adds that states do not conceal torture because it is ‘inherently anti-democratic or unpopular’; on the contrary, today it appears ‘only too popular and open to democratic endorsement’.But I do not mean to equate democracy and popularity. Democracy is not simply majority rule; majorities can tyrannize over minorities and individuals, who need protection on democratic grounds. ‘Democracy’ names an ideal and we could either, like Schumpeter, revise the ideal in a ‘realistic’ direction or, like Dahl, while retaining the ideal as background, characterize real political systems as approximations to it, using other terms, such as ‘polyarchy’. Either way, one of the things which makes a modern state more rather than less democratic is the extent to which it incorporates institutional arrangements and mechanisms that secure a range of basic rights, protecting all, especially the most vulnerable, from arbitrary abuses of power.
Efficacy of the Incredible Years Basic parent training programme as an early intervention for children with conduct problems and ADHD
Authors: Jones K. , Daley D. , Hutchings J. , Bywater T. , Eames C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground  The efficacy of the Incredible Years (IY) Basic parent training (PT) programme for a community‐based sample of families with pre‐school children at risk of developing both conduct problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was examined.Methods  Pre‐school children displaying signs of both early‐onset conduct problems and ADHD were randomly allocated to either IY PT intervention, or to a waiting list (WL) control group. Child symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention.Results  Post intervention, the intervention group was associated with significantly lower levels of parent‐reported inattention and hyperactive/impulsive difficulties, even after controlling for post‐intervention changes in child deviance. In addition, 52% of those in the intervention condition, compared with 21% in the control condition, displayed clinically reliable improvements post intervention, giving an absolute risk reduction of 31% and a number needed to treat of 3.23.Conclusions  Findings from this study indicate that the IY PT programme is a valuable intervention for many pre‐school children displaying early signs of ADHD.
Concurrent predictors of dysfunctional parenting and maternal confidence: implications for parenting interventions
Authors: Morawska A. , Sanders M. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground  The often intense nature of the conflict between parents and their toddlers requires better understanding of what happens during this stage of development and how difficulties can be prevented from escalating in the future. Clarification of the nature of family and parenting factors related to toddler behaviour allows better capacity for intervention development and tailoring to individual families.Methods  A total of 126 mothers of toddlers completed a self‐report assessment battery, examining child behaviour, parenting style and confidence, as well as broader family adjustment measures.Results  The study found that maternal confidence and dysfunctional parenting were interrelated and were also predicted best by parenting variables, in contrast to socio‐demographic and child variables. Maternal confidence also mediated the relationships between family income and toddler behaviour.Conclusions  Parenting style and confidence are important modifiable factors to target in parenting interventions. The implications for the development, implementation and delivery of parenting interventions are discussed.
Providing a children's palliative care service in the community through fixed‐term grants: the staff perspective
Authors: Beringer A. J. , Eaton N. M. , Jones G. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground  Children's palliative care services have recently been awarded fixed‐term grants, aimed at improving the provision of care for children with life‐limiting conditions in the community. We report findings of a qualitative study to investigate the experience of a cohort of community children's nurses from teams involved in setting up or extending community‐based children's palliative care services. The purpose of the study was to identify factors that affect service delivery, from the staff perspective, and to suggest ways of promoting their sustainable development.Methods  Semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with 21 nurses from 12 different teams providing palliative care for children at home and in hospices. Participants were questioned about the services they provided and their own roles in that provision. nvivo qualitative data analysis software was used to explore themes arising from the transcribed recorded interviews.Findings  Key findings were the importance of physical location in facilitating multidisciplinary communication, the importance of defining role boundaries between existing and new providers of children's palliative care, and the potentially detrimental impact of insecure funding on referral patterns and recruitment to posts. Staff named the opportunity to offer direct ‘hands‐on’ care to families, access to work‐based support and networking opportunities as important factors in helping them cope with the stresses involved in managing finite resources and the emotional challenges of their work.Conclusions  The maintenance of a mixed caseload with a significant proportion of direct care, provision of ongoing support and clearly defined roles are recommended as means of bolstering the ability of staff to develop their services. The deliberate locating of services to enhance communication between staff and guidance on the preparation of funding applications may further contribute to the sustainability of these services.
Characterization of the porcine insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein, acid‐labile subunit gene: full‐length cDNA and DNA sequence, polymorphisms and expression profile
Authors: Li S. , Ren J. , Huang L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryInsulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein acid‐labile subunit (IGFALS) is an important glycoprotein in the circulation complex for insulin‐like growth factors‐I and ‐II (IGFs). So far only a partial porcine IGFALS sequence is available. We herein report the isolation, characterization, polymorphism identification and expression analysis of the porcine IGFALS gene. A 2000‐bp full‐length cDNA sequence was determined with 5′‐ and 3′‐Rapid Amplification of cDNA End (RACE) assay. It contains a 1821‐bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 606 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 66 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.89. The deduced IGFALS protein shares high identity (70–80%) with other mammalian IGFALS. We also obtained a full‐length genomic DNA sequence of the gene. Similar to the other mammalian orthologues, particularly in terms of exon size and exon/intron boundaries, the porcine IGFALS gene spans a transcription unit of 2990 bp, consisting of two exons and one intron. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (synonymous mutations) were identified in the DNA sequence. RT‐PCR assays indicate that IGFALS is expressed ubiquitously in pigs and transcripts are particularly abundant in the liver, lung, white adipose tissue, prostate, epididymis, thyroid and bladder.
Identification of mutations of zona pellucida glycoprotein (ZP3) and its association with pig reproductive traits
Authors: Yuan J.F. , Moaeen‐ud‐Din M. , Gong Y.Z. , Peng X.L. , Yang L.G. , Feng Y.P. , Liu J. , Hu B. , Affara N.A. , Jafer O. , Zhang S.J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryReproduction is a complex trait, controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Genetic improvement of this trait is important for animal breeders to improve the animal's production efficiency. Apart from genetic factors, animal production can be affected by environmental factors, i.e. the nursing ability of the sow, which is in turn affected directly by effective teat number (teats producing milk normally, TN) and number of piglets born alive (NBA). The objective of this study was to find new mutations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Zona Pellucida glycoprotein gene (ZP3) using Single Strand Chain Polymorphism (SSCP) and nucleotide sequencing and to investigate association between genetic variations and sow reproductive traits. We identified 13 new SNPs from exon 1, two new SNPs from intron 2, one SNP from intron 6 and a 18 bp (GCACGTGGTCCTCCTGG)‐deletion/insertion from intron 2 of the ZP3 gene. Five out of these mutations were selected to genotype in five different breeds (Small Meishan, Qingping, Duroc, Landrace and Large White) and association with reproductive traits in European breeds (Duroc, Landrace and Large White). The sows with genotype AA had more 1.11 piglets NBA than of the sows with genotype AB (p < 0.05) in the 18 bp deletion/insertion of intron 2, while non‐significant associations between the other mutations and reproductive traits (NBA and TN) were found.
Relationship between phenotypic and genetic diversity of parental genotypes and the frequency of transgression effects in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Kuczyńska A. , Surma M. , Kaczmarek Z. , Adamski T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between genetic and phenotypic distances of parents and the genetic potential of crosses as measured by the frequency of transgressive segregants in homozygous populations. Material for the study involved 17 barley cross‐combinations. In each cross, the parental genotypes, F2 hybrids and doubled haploid (DH) lines were analysed. Yield and yield‐related traits were observed in the experiments. Phenotypic (univariate and multivariate) and genetic distances (GD) were investigated between pairs of parental genotypes. Genetic distance was evaluated by using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. In F2 generations, the genetic coefficient of variability (GCV) was evaluated. Within all the cross‐combinations studied, each DH line was compared with both parents to distinguish the positive and negative transgressive lines. In addition, the coefficient of gene distribution (r) along parental genomes was evaluated. Relationships between frequency of transgression and both phenotypic and GDs, GCV and r, were assessed by regression analysis. It was found that for all the traits studied the frequency of transgressive lines depended mainly on gene distribution (r). Genetic distance between parents appeared to be significant for the occurrence of transgression effects in plant height, ear length, grain weight per ear and grain yield per plot. Regression analysis has shown that phenotypic differences between parental genotypes were also important for the frequency of transgressive lines. A weak relationship was found between the variation of F2 hybrids and the occurrence of transgressive lines. The results indicate that occurrence of transgressive segregants in a homozygous population should be considered as a phenomenon dependent simultaneously on several factors characterizing parental genotypes. Among them, the most important are: gene distribution, phenotypic diversity and GD.
QTL analysis of crown rust resistance in perennial ryegrass under conditions of natural and artificial infection
Authors: Schejbel B. , Jensen L. B. , Xing Y. , Lübberstedt T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCrown rust is an economically devastating disease of perennial ryegrass. Both artificial crown rust inoculations, with the possibility of several selection cycles in one year, as well as marker‐assisted selection can be used for more efficient breeding of new resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for response to crown rust infection in perennial ryegrass. In order to identify relevant markers for response to crown rust infection, QTL mapping was performed on a ryegrass mapping population which was evaluated for resistance in the field for two years as well as by artificial pathogen inoculations using a detached leaf assessment. The broad sense heritability values for the field, detached leaf and combined assays were 0.42, 0.56, and 0.64, respectively, indicating a good potential for selection for crown rust resistance. A total of six QTLs were identified and mapped to linkage groups (LG) LG1, LG4 and LG5, explaining between 6.8% and 16.4% of the total phenotypic variation.
Determination of chemical composition and nutritional attributes of silage corn hybrids by near‐infrared spectroscopy on chopper: evaluation of traits, sample presentation systems and calibration transferability
Authors: Montes J. M. , Paul C. , Melchinger A. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDetermination of dry matter and feeding value of silage corn (Zea mays L.) limits the number of genotypes that can be evaluated in breeding programmes. Measuring plot material by near‐infrared spectroscopy on chopper (NOC) allows to increase the number of genotypes to evaluate, and improves dramatically the efficiency of the data collection processes. The objectives of our study were to (i) compare the performance of two NOC sample presentation systems (conveyor belt vs. spout) for determination of dry matter and feeding value of silage corn hybrids (ii) identify limiting parameters in the performance of alternative NOC sample presentation designs and (iii) evaluate the calibration transferability between NOC systems equipped with different sample presentation designs. Two chopper machines were equipped with near‐infrared diode array spectrometers. Sample presentation designs comprised the conveyor belt and spout systems. Drying‐oven and laboratory near‐infrared spectroscopy were used as reference methods to develop NOC calibrations. In association with its higher dynamic signal range the conveyor belt system yielded lower standard errors of prediction than the spout system for most traits. Calibration transferability between NOC systems with different sample presentation designs was feasible.
Variation of freezing tolerance, Cor/Lea gene expression and vernalization requirement in Japanese common wheat
Authors: Ishibashi M. , Kobayashi F. , Nakamura J. , Murai K. , Takumi S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFreezing tolerance and vernalization requirement are important traits for adaptation of wheat to growing in a high‐latitude area. Fr‐1 and Vrn‐1, tightly linked on homoeologous group 5 chromosomes, are major loci for controlling the freezing tolerance and vernalization requirement, respectively. It was previously supposed that winter‐habit wheat should possess a winter‐type Fr‐1 allele guaranteeing winter survival, but that such allele is unnecessary for spring‐habit cultivars. To clarify such allelic linkage between the Vrn‐1 and Fr‐1 loci in the D genome, we studied freezing tolerance and vernalization requirement, and compared cold‐responsive expression patterns of Cor (cold responsive)/Lea (late‐embryogenesis‐abundant), their putative transcription factor genes and three Vrn‐1 homoeologs in Japanese common wheat cultivars. Wide variation of freezing tolerance and two alleles of Vrn‐D1 were observed in the Japanese cultivars, whereas the accumulation levels of the Cor/Lea transcripts were not be correlated with the levels of freezing tolerance. The allelic linkage between Vrn‐1 and Fr‐1 loci well known in the A genome was not observed in the D genome of Japanese cultivars possessing Vrn‐D1 or vrn‐D1 allele.
The unstable tubular ray flower allele of sunflower: inheritance of the reversion to wild‐type
Authors: Fambrini M. , Michelotti V. , Pugliesi C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe tubular ray flower (turf) mutant of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is characterized by a change from a zygomorphic corolla to a nearly actinomorphic tubular‐like corolla of ray flowers that also achieves the ability to differentiate fertile stamens and ovules. The recessive turf mutation is found to be unstable, spontaneously reverting to a wild‐type or nearly wild‐type phenotype. Reversion frequencies were 1.70% in the original inbred line R1634 (where turf was first identified), 0.17% and 3.20% in two turf/turf homozygous F3 progenies, derived from crossing a turf mutant with two different inbred lines. As no chimeric plant was found it is likely that the reversion had occurred either in the germ line or within the zygote. Self‐pollinated wild‐type reverted plants segregated into normal and mutant phenotypes fitting a monogenic 3 : 1 ratio, thus indicating that the reversion affected a single allele. The hypothesis of an epigenetic mechanism is discussed.