bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonance Raman and electronic absorption study of free‐base tetraphenylporphine diacid dispersed in polymethylcyanoacrylate
Authors: Saini G. S. S. , Sharma Amit , Singh Sukhwinder , Abbas J. M. , Tripathi S. K. , Kaur Sarvpreet , Mahajan C. G. , Thanga H. H. , Verma A. L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report a resonance Raman study on free‐base tetraphenylporphine (H2TPP) and its chemically prepared diacid dispersed in polymethylcyanoacrylate (PMCA). Photoexcitation of the neutral porphine by laser light leads irreversibly to the formation of the diacid, with the π‐cation radical as intermediate species. Resonance Raman (RR) spectra of the diacid dispersed in the polymer obtained with 441.6 nm in the wavenumber region of 100–1650 cm−1 are recorded. Wavenumbers with other excitation lines are also reported for the diacid species. Some bands assigned to out‐of‐plane vibrational modes and forbidden under ideal D2h symmetry are also observed in the resonance Raman spectra of the diacid. These bands arise from the out‐of‐plane distortions, which reduce the symmetry of the molecule. These findings are supported by the electronic absorption studies of the diacid in the polymer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman analysis of MWCNTs produced by catalytic CVD: derivation of a scaling law for the growth parameters
Authors: Donato M. G. , Galvagno S. , Messina G. , Milone C. , Pistone A. , Santangelo S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe results of the quantitative Raman analysis, performed on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes produced by iron‐catalysed chemical vapour deposition, are utilised for deriving a scaling law for the growth parameters. A semi‐empirical approach, already successfully applied to different materials and growth techniques, is utilised and demonstration is given that the reaction outcome, in terms of yield to C deposits and crystalline perfection of nanotubes attained, analytically depends on the growth parameters through a single dimensionless combination of them. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman microspectroscopic mapping or thermal system used to investigate milling‐induced solid‐state conversion of famotidine polymorphs
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Ting , Lin Shan‐Yang , Li Mei‐Jane 
Published: October 2007

AbstractConfocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to nondestructively determine the polymorphic conversion of famotidine in the course of the milling process. A mapping system was applied to assess the blending uniformity of each polymorphic component in the milled mixture. Raman microspectroscopy combined with a thermal analyzer was also used to investigate the synergistic co‐effects of milling and heating on the polymorphic conversion of famotidine polymorphs. Famotidine has two polymorphs, forms A and B, the raw material of famotidine used was proved to be of form B. The Raman peak intensity ratio of the 2920 cm−1 band for form A and 2897 cm−1 band for form B was used to act as an indicator to evaluate the polymorphic conversion of famotidine form B to form A after different milling courses. The results indicate that the peak intensity at 2897 cm−1 gradually decreased with the milling time, whereas the peak intensity at 2920 cm−1 slowly enlarged, suggesting the polymorphic conversion of famotidine from form B to form A. The longer milling process might strongly induce and promote this polymorphic conversion of famotidine. Both polymorphic forms of famotidine were found to be well uniformly distributed within the milled samples due to their smaller varieties by using the Raman microscopic mapping system. The temperature effect could synergistically accelerate the polymorphic conversion of famotidine from form B to form A in the milled sample. The thermal‐dependent critical temperature for sharply enhancing the content of famotidine form A in each milled sample was also identified. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant phenolic esters with potential anticancer activity: A Raman spectroscopy study
Authors: Calheiros R. , Machado N. F. L. , Fiuza S. M. , Gaspar A. , Garrido J. , Milhazes N. , Borges F. , Marques M. P. M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA Raman study of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic esters (caffeates, ferulates and gallates) displaying antioxidant and anticancer properties was undertaken, with particular emphasis on the analysis of the effect of the ring substituents and the nature of the ester alkyl chain on their spectroscopic features. A complete assignment of the spectra was carried out for all the compounds investigated, in the light of the corresponding calculated wavenumbers (at the density functional theory level). Distinct vibrational patterns were observed for each type of ester, thereby allowing their ready characterisation and identification by Raman spectroscopy. Evidence of the occurrence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of dimers in the condensed phase, was also obtained. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial activity of anethole and related compounds from aniseed
Authors: Kubo Isao , Fujita Ken‐ichi , Nihei Ken‐ichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe antimicrobial activities of anethole, anisic acid, and eugenol characterized from aniseed were tested against 18 organisms including both bacteria and yeasts. As far as their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were compared, they are nearly comparable but act in different ways. For example, anethole was noted to be effective against Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 200 µg mL−1 but the activity was observed only when this yeast was growing on fermentable carbon sources in a hypoxic condition. On the other hand, eugenol was effective against S. cerevisiae with an MFC of 800 µg mL−1 in any growing conditions. Anisic acid showed fungistatic activity against this yeast with an MIC of 400 µg mL−1, but not fungicidal up to 1600 µg mL−1. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Proton T2 relaxation time of J‐coupled cerebral metabolites in rat brain at 9.4 T
Authors: Xin Lijing , Gambarota Giulio , Mlynárik Vladimír , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: October 2007

AbstractKnowledge of proton T2 relaxation time of metabolites is essential for proper quantitation of metabolite concentrations in localized proton spectroscopy, especially at moderate to long TEs. Although the T2 relaxation time of singlets, such as that of creatine and N‐acetylaspartate, has been characterized in several studies, similar information is lacking from coupled spin resonances of cerebral metabolites. In this study, the T2 relaxation time of coupled spin resonances and singlet resonances of cerebral metabolites was measured in rat brain in vivo at 9.4 T. Spectra were acquired at 11 TEs using the SPin ECho, full Intensity Acquired Localized (SPECIAL) spectroscopy method. Data analysis was performed in the frequency domain with the LCModel software using simulated TE‐specific basis sets. The T2 relaxation times in compounds showing singlet resonances were 113 ± 3 ms (total creatine), 178 ± 29 ms (total choline) and 202 ± 12 ms (N‐acetylaspartate). The T2 values of J‐coupled metabolites ranged from 89 ± 8 ms (glutamate) to 148 ± 14 ms (myo‐inositol). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nonlinear model predictive control strategy for trajectory tracking of a four‐wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot
Authors: Conceição André Scolari , Moreira A. Paulo , Costa Paulo J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a nonlinear model‐based predictive controller (NMPC) for trajectory tracking of a four‐wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot. Methods of numerical optimization to perform real‐time nonlinear minimization of the cost function are used. The cost function penalizes the robot's position error, the robot's orientation angle error, and the control effort. Experimental results of the trajectories following and the performances of the methods of optimization are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public policy and privatisation: the case of the Qatari experience
Authors: Mansour Ahmed Mustafa Elhussein 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article uses a qualitative methodology employing the elite model to describe and analyse the complex interplay of political and economic factors in the privatization experience of the state of Qatar. The article begins by providing a theoretical framework for privatisation in the context of public policy and classifying policies of privatisation into two categories: macro‐ and micro‐privatisation. The second part uses this framework to discuss the factors that gives the Qatari experience its distinguished flavour. These factors include: elite legitimacy and social culture, bureaucratic power, international pressure and patron–client networks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: A quantitative approach to benefit‐risk assessment of medicines–part 2; the practical application of a new model Filip Mussen, Sam Salek, Stuart Walker
Authors: Mann Ronald D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe following article from Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, ‘A Quantitative Approach to Benefit‐Risk Assessment of Medicines—Part 2; The Practical Application of a New Model’ by Mussen F, Salek S & Walker S (Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16: S16–S41 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1434) has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Journal's Editor‐in‐Chief and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to overlap between this article and an internal report published by CMR International Institute; ‘Benefit‐Risk Assessment Model Developing a Structured Approach to Decision Making’.
Social validity of the critical incident stress management model for school‐based crisis intervention
Authors: Morrison Julie Q. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) model for crisis intervention was developed for use with emergency service personnel. Research regarding the use of the CISM model has been conducted among civilians and high‐risk occupation groups with mixed results. The purpose of this study is to examine the social validity of the CISM model for school‐based crisis intervention as perceived by school psychologists and school social workers trained in the model. The results suggest that the CISM Model had a positive effect on service delivery, but the training itself did not adequately address the developmental appropriateness or the cross‐cultural appropriateness for school‐based application. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 765–777, 2007.
Cross‐language relationship between Spanish and English oral reading fluency among Spanish‐speaking English language learners in bilingual education classrooms
Authors: De Ramírez Romilia Domínguez , Shapiro Edward S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examined whether oral reading fluency in a child's first language (Spanish) as assessed by Curriculum‐Based Measurement (CBM) was related to oral reading fluency in a second language (English) and whether Spanish oral reading fluency probes administered in the fall were predictive of English oral reading fluency outcomes for spring of the same academic year. A total of 68 bilingual education students across grades 1 through 5 were assessed in Spanish and English during the fall, winter, and spring. Results showed that reading in Spanish and English across grades and time periods correlated moderately high with the exception of fourth grade. In addition, Spanish oral reading fluency at the beginning of the year significantly predicted English reading outcomes at the end of the year. These findings suggest that CBM can be a valuable tool for evaluating the relationship between oral reading fluency in both the first and second language. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 795–806, 2007.
Stressful life experiences of children: The correspondence between professional judgments of teachers‐in‐training and children's perceptions
Authors: Anderson Gabrielle Eliza , Jimerson Shane R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe extant studies reveal a considerable mismatch between students' and teachers' perceptions of student stress. The present study compared the judgments of teachers‐in‐training (N = 109) with the responses of first‐ and sixth‐grade children (n = 56 and 93, respectively). The following questions are addressed: (a) Do teachers' judgments of the stressfulness of children's experiences correspond with those of the children themselves? (b) Do teachers' perceptions differ according to general developmental status (first grade level versus sixth grade level)? (c) Does the amount of teaching experience have a significant influence on ratings? Results revealed that teachers' judgments corresponded more closely with the children's ratings at the first grade level than at the sixth grade level. However, teachers' perceptions did differ according to grade level for the majority of life events. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the ratings of the experienced and inexperienced teachers at either grade level. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 807–821, 2007.
Improvements in interval time tracking and effects on reading achievement
Authors: Taub Gordon E. , McGrew Kevin S. , Keith Timothy Z. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examined the effect of improvements in timing/rhythmicity on students' reading achievement. 86 participants completed pre‐ and post‐test measures of reading achievement (i.e., Woodcock‐Johnson III, Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Test of Word Reading Efficiency, and Test of Silent Word Reading Fluency). Students in the experimental group completed a 4‐week intervention designed to improve their timing/rhythmicity by reducing the latency in their response to a synchronized metronome beat, referred to as a synchronized metronome tapping (SMT) intervention. The results from this non‐academic intervention indicate the experimental group's post‐test scores on select measures of reading were significantly higher than the non‐treatment control group's scores at the end of 4 weeks. This paper provides a brief overview of domain‐general cognitive abilities believed effected by SMT interventions and provides a preliminary hypothesis to explain how this non‐academic intervention can demonstrate a statistically significant effect on students' reading achievement scores. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 849–863, 2007.
Teachers' beliefs about pedagogy and related issues
Authors: Snider Vicki E. , Roehl Rebecca 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study explores teachers' beliefs about pedagogical issues as well as related educational and professional issues. Six hundred K–12 teachers in three Midwestern states received surveys and 60% returned them. Results of the survey indicated that teachers were relatively unified in their beliefs, and few differences emerged around demographic variables. More teachers believed in teaching practices consistent with constructivism than believed in explicit instruction; however the majority of teachers were mixed, undecided, or balanced about pedagogy. Teachers reserved their strongest beliefs for the importance of learning style, eclectic instruction, and small class size in the primary grades. Few teachers believed that a great teacher is characterized by high student achievement outcomes, and over half believed that factors such as home environment or dyslexia prevent children from learning basic skills despite the school's best efforts. Teachers valued experience over education and training for professional development and viewed teaching as more of an art than a science. Results are discussed in relationship to current challenges in education. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 873–886, 2007.
Proteomics analysis of hypothalamic response to energy restriction in dairy cows
Authors: Kuhla Björn , Kuhla Siegfried , Rudolph Paul Eberhard , Albrecht Dirk , Metges Cornelia C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe hypothalamus is the central regulatory unit that balances a number of body functions including metabolic rate, hunger, and satiety signals. Hypothalamic neurons monitor and respond to alterations of circulating nutrients and hormones that reflect the peripheral energy status. These extracellular signals are integrated within the cell at the ATP:AMP ratio and at the level of ROS, triggering gene expression associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. In order to identify new molecular factors potentially associated with the control of energy homeostasis, metabolic adaptation, and regulation of feed intake, hypothalami from ad libitum fed and energy restricted cows were characterized using 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Among 189 different protein spots identified, nine proteins were found to be differentially expressed between groups. Beside the 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase, stress‐induced phosphoprotein‐1, heat shock protein 70 kDa‐protein‐5, dihydropyrimidinase‐related protein‐2, [Cu‐Zn]‐superoxide dismutase, ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase‐L1, and inorganic pyrophosphatase were found to be up‐regulated, whereas glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and aconitase‐2 were down‐regulated in the restricted group. In conclusion, differentially expressed proteins are related to energy and nucleotide metabolism and cellular stress under conditions of dietary energy deficiency. These proteins may be new candidate molecules that are potentially involved in signaling for maintaining energy homeostasis.
A proteomic study on postdiapaused embryonic development of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana)
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Meng Bo , Chen Weihua , Ge Xiaomeng , Liu Siqi , Yu Jun 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEncysted gastrula of brine shrimp (Artemia, Crustacea, and Anostraca) provides an excellent model for studying molecular processes of diapause. We report a proteomic study on early molecular responses of Artemia's postdiapaused cysts and found that dehydrated cysts actually store more proteins, in both kind and amount, than developing cysts. We identified 75 differentially expressed proteins over a course of cyst development, and also exploited PTMs of dehydrate cysts. We further surveyed gene expression of postdiapaused cysts in early developmental phases in a 0.5 h interval up to the seventh hour, and discovered that the activation of cellular activities is ignited as early as 0.5 h after rehydration. We traced nine differentially expressed proteins (COXI, COXIII, heat shock proteins (HSP26, HSP60, and HSP70), CDC48, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA), GS1‐like protein, and cathepsin L‐associated protein (CLAP)) for quantitative transcriptional changes, monitored by real‐time PCR, and found these proteins exhibiting distinct expression patterns that suggest complex gene regulations for cyst reactivation after diapause breakage. Future experiments should be designed to focus on early activation concerning signal transduction, energy generation, and PTMs.
Synthesis, characterization, and micellization of an epoxy‐based amphiphilic diblock copolymer of ϵ‐caprolactone and glycidyl methacrylate by enzymatic ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Sha Ke , Li Dongshuang , Li Yapeng , Liu Xiaotian , Wang Shuwei , Guan Jingqi , Wang Jingyuan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAmphiphilic diblock copolymer polycaprolactone‐block‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PCL‐b‐PGMA) was synthesized via enzymatic ring‐opening polymerization (eROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Methanol first initiated eROP of ϵ‐caprolactone (ϵ‐CL) in the presence of biocatalyst Novozyme‐435 under anhydrous conditions. The resulting monohydroxyl‐terminated polycaprolactone (PCL–OH) was subsequently converted to a bromine‐ended macroinitiator (PCL–Br) for ATRP by esterification with α‐bromopropionyl bromide. PCL‐b‐PGMA diblock copolymers were synthesized in a subsequent ATRP of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). A kinetic analysis of ATRP indicated a living/controlled radical process. The macromolecular structures were characterized for PCL–OH, PCL–Br, and the block copolymers by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analyses indicated that the copolymer composition (ϵ‐CL/GMA) had a great influence on the thermal properties. The well‐defined, amphiphilic diblock copolymer PCL‐b‐PGMA self‐assembled into nanoscale micelles in aqueous solutions, as investigated by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5037–5049, 2007
Alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide catalyzed by (R, R)‐SalenCoIII‐ (2,4‐dinitrophenoxy) and Lewis‐basic cocatalyst
Authors: Niu Yongsheng , Zhang Wanxi , Pang Xuan , Chen Xuesi , Zhuang Xiuli , Jing Xiabin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA binary catalyst system of a chiral (R,R)‐SalenCoIII(2,4‐dinitrophenoxy) (salen = N,N‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediimine) in conjunction with (4‐dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) was developed to generate the copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and racemic propylene oxide (rac‐PO). The influence of the molar ratio of catalyst components, the operating temperature, and reaction pressure on the yield as well as the molecular weight of polycarbonate were systematically investigated. High yield of turnover frequency (TOF) 501.2 h−1 and high molecular weight of 70,400 were achieved at an appropriate combination of all variables. The structures of as‐prepared products were characterized by the IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR measurements. The linear carbonate linkage, highly regionselectivity and almost 100% carbonate content of the resulting polycarbonate were obtained with the help of these effective catalyst systems under facile conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5050–5056, 2007
Copolymerizations of butyl methacrylate and fluorinated methacrylates via RAFT miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Guo Tian‐Ying , Tang Donglin , Song Moudao , Zhang Banghua 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCopolymerizations of n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) and fluoro‐methacrylates (including 2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate, HFBMA and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate, TFEMA) were carried out via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer miniemulsion polymerization, using cumyl dithiobenzoate as a chain transfer agent. The experimental results show that the copolymerizations exhibit “living” fashion, with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. The reactivity ratios of BMA and fluoromethacrylate in this kind of polymerization system were investigated by size exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance, from which the Q‐ and e‐values of HFBMA and TFEMA were calculated. Compared with its corresponding non‐fluoric methacrylate, fluorinated methacrylate exhibits higher resonance stability of the radical adducts. The Q‐value of fluorinated methacrylate is higher (QBMA = 0.82 to QHFBMA = 1.70 and QEMA = 0.76 to QTFEMA = 1.01), and e‐value is much larger (eBMA = 0.28 to eHFBMA = 1.24 to and eEMA = 0.17 to eTFEMA = 1.29) for its rather unique high electron‐withdrawing inductive effect of the fluoroalkyl ester group. The thermal property and the wetting property of copolymers were also discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5067–5075, 2007