bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation and faculty perception of outpatient medical student workplace‐based assessments
Authors: Costich Marguerite , Friedman Suzanne , Robinson Victoria , Catallozzi Marina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing interest in use of entrustable professional activity (EPA)‐grounded workplace‐based assessments (WBAs) to assess medical students through direct observation in the clinical setting. However, there has been very little reflection on how these tools are received by the faculty using them to deliver feedback. Faculty acceptance of WBAs is fundamentally important to sustained utilisation in the clinical setting, and understanding faculty perceptions of the WBA as an adjunct for giving targeted feedback is necessary to guide future faculty development in this area.ApproachUse of a formative EPA‐grounded WBA was implemented in the ambulatory setting during the paediatrics clerkship following performance‐driven training and frame‐of‐reference training with faculty. Surveys and semi‐structured interviews with faculty members explored how faculty perceived the tool and its impact on feedback delivery.EvaluationFaculty reported providing more specific, task‐oriented feedback following implementation of the WBA, as well as greater timeliness of feedback and greater satisfaction with opportunities to provide feedback, although these later two findings did not reach significance. Themes from the interviews reflected the benefits of WBAs, persistent barriers to the provision of feedback and suggestions for improvement of the WBA.ImplicationsEPA‐grounded WBAs are feasible to implement in the outpatient primary care setting and improve feedback delivery around core EPAs. The WBAs positively impacted the way faculty conceptualise feedback and provide learners with more actionable, behaviour‐based feedback. Findings will inform modifications to the WBA and future faculty development and training to allow for sustainable WBA utilisation in the core clerkship.
Immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia and pure red cell aplasia in a Jack Russell Terrier during treatment for hypoadrenocorticism
Authors: Yokota Shunya , Yuki Masashi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old neutered male Jack Russell Terrier was presented to Yuki Animal Hospital for regenerative anemia during the treatment of hypoadrenocorticism. A blood smear examination showed spherocytes, polychromatic erythrocytes, and erythrocyte ghosts. The direct agglutination test was positive at 37°C. The dog was then diagnosed with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Although prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil were administered, the hematocrit and reticulocyte count decreased, and nonregenerative anemia developed. A bone marrow examination was performed to diagnose the cause of the nonregenerative anemia. Histologic and cytologic bone marrow examination revealed a normocellular to hypercellular medulla with severe erythroid hypoplasia. No proliferation of lymphocytes or lymphoblast‐appearing cells was observed. This dog was diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Despite treatment with immunosuppressive agents, the patient died of thrombosis. Although these associations were unclear, this is the first report of PRCA diagnosis following IMHA and while treating hypoadrenocorticism.
Ecological insights and environmental threats of invasive alien plantChromolaena odorata: Prospects for sustainable management
Authors: Rai Prabhat Kumar , Singh Jamuna S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Anthropocene witnessed the landscape spread of several invasive alien plants which can remarkably influence the ecosystem services and environmental sustainability. To this end,Chromolaena odorata(Asteraceae) is widely identified among top hundred pervasive invaders in view of its adverse influence on environment, agriculture, and wildlife. The adverse effects ofC. odoratacan further be exacerbated under the event of invasion interaction with other anthropogenic stressors such as climate change. Nevertheless, there exists dearth of pragmatic studies on invasion ecology, socio‐economic impacts, ecological economics, and sustainable management prospects ofC. odorata. The present review discusses the invasion ecology, distribution, mechanisms, impacts, and management strategies ofC. odoratainvasion. The side‐effects and unsustainable use of traditional control measures (e.g., controlled fire and chemical herbicides) ofC. odoratapaves the way to biological control methods (e.g., gall fly). However, the control measures ofC. odorataneed to be assessed for their long‐term ecosystem level effects to mitigate the possible adverse environmental responses. The wise application ofC. odoratabiomass in marginal lands for soil fertility restoration, biosorption, biorefinery, bio‐medicine, and bioenergy in conjunction with ecological control measures can cover economic incentive to facilitate sustainable management ofC. odoratain forestry/agroforestry systems. Nevertheless, the use of weed biomass as feedstock in biorefinery and ethno‐medicine may be inadequate in reducing its invasion. Future studies should explicitly elucidate the ecological mechanisms ofC. odoratain concert with the quest for its field‐scale application in biorefinery to augment sustainable management.
A Hierarchical Temporal Memory Based End-to-End Autonomous Driving System
Authors: Le Mero Luc , Dianati Mehrdad , Lee Graham 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Achieving human-level driving performance in complex environments remains a major challenge in the field of deep learning (DL)-based end-to-end autonomous driving systems (ADS). In ADS, generalization to rare edge cases poses a serious safety concern with DL-based models. The leading solution to this problem is the construction of larger models and datasets, an approach known as scaling. However, limitations in the computational power available to autonomous vehicles, coupled with the under-representation of safety-critical edge cases in large autonomous driving datasets, raise questions over the suitability of scaling for ADS. In this work, we investigate the performance of an alternate, computationally less-demanding, machine learning (ML) algorithm, hierarchical temporal memory (HTM). Existing HTM models use rudimentary encoding schemes that have thus far limited their application to simple inputs. Motivated by this shortcoming, we first propose a bespoke convolutional neural network (CNN)-based encoding scheme suited to the input data used in ADS. We then integrate this encoding scheme into a novel DL-HTM end-to-end ADS. The proposed DL-HTM-based end-to-end ADS is trained and evaluated against a conventional DL end-to-end ADS based on the widely used AlexNet model from the literature. Our evaluation results show that the proposed DL-HTM model achieves comparable performance with far fewer trainable parameters than the conventional DL-based end-to-end ADS. Results also indicate that the proposed model demonstrates a superior capacity for learning underrepresented classes, i.e., edge cases, in the dataset.
Revisiting old friends: updates on the role of two-component signaling systems in
Listeria monocytogenes
survival and pathogenesis
Authors: Alejandro-Navarreto Xiomarie , Freitag Nancy E. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is well recognized for both its broad resistance to stress conditions and its ability to transition from a soil bacterium to an intracellular pathogen of mammalian hosts. The bacterium’s impressive ability to adapt to changing environments and conditions requires the rapid sensing of environmental cues and the coordinated response of gene products that enable bacterial growth and survival. Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) have been long recognized for their ability to detect environmental stimuli and transmit those signals into transcriptional responses; however, often the precise nature of the stimulus triggering TCS responses can be challenging to define.
L. monocytogenes
has up to 16 TCSs that have been recognized based on homology and included in this list are several whose functions remain poorly described. This review highlights the current understanding of the breadth and scope of
L. monocytogenes
TCS as relates to stress resistance and pathogenesis. Precise signals still often remain elusive, but the gene networks associated with TCSs are providing clues into possible functions.
GTPase activity of porcine Mx1 plays a dominant role in inhibiting the N-Nsp9 interaction and thus inhibiting PRRSV replication
Authors: Hu Yue , Wu Xiangju , Tian Yunfei , Jiang Dandan , Ren Jinrui , Li Ziyong , Ding Xiuliang , Zhang Quanfang , Yoo Dongwan , Miller Laura C. , Lee Changhee , Cong Xiaoyan , Li Juntong , Du Yijun , Qi Jing 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Porcine Mx1 is a type of interferon-induced GTPase that inhibits the replication of certain RNA viruses. However, the antiviral effects and the underlying mechanism of porcine Mx1 for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that porcine Mx1 could significantly inhibit PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells. By Mx1 segment analysis, it was indicated that the GTPase domain (68-341aa) was the functional area to inhibit PRRSV replication and that Mx1 interacted with the PRRSV-N protein through the GTPase domain (68-341aa) in the cytoplasm. Amino acid residues K295 and K299 in the G domain of Mx1 were the key sites for Mx1-N interaction while mutant proteins Mx1(K295A) and Mx1(K299A) still partially inhibited PRRSV replication. Furthermore, we found that the GTPase activity of Mx1 was dominant for Mx1 to inhibit PRRSV replication but was not essential for Mx1-N interaction. Finally, mechanistic studies demonstrated that the GTPase activity of Mx1 played a dominant role in inhibiting the N-Nsp9 interaction and that the interaction between Mx1 and N partially inhibited the N-Nsp9 interaction. We propose that the complete anti-PRRSV mechanism of porcine Mx1 contains a two-step process: Mx1 binds to the PRRSV-N protein and subsequently disrupts the N-Nsp9 interaction by a process requiring the GTPase activity of Mx1. Taken together, the results of our experiments describe for the first time a novel mechanism by which porcine Mx1 evolves to inhibit PRRSV replication.

IMPORTANCE
Mx1 protein is a key mediator of the interferon-induced antiviral response against a wide range of viruses. How porcine Mx1 affects the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and its biological function has not been studied. Here, we show that Mx1 protein inhibits PRRSV replication by interfering with N-Nsp9 interaction. Furthermore, the GTPase activity of porcine Mx1 plays a dominant role and the Mx1-N interaction plays an assistant role in this interference process. This study uncovers a novel mechanism evolved by porcine Mx1 to exert anti-PRRSV activities.
Transcriptome fine-mapping in
Fusobacterium nucleatum
reveals FoxJ, a new σ
E
-dependent small RNA with unusual mRNA activation activity
Authors: Ponath Falk , Zhu Yan , Vogel Jörg 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The oral commensal
Fusobacterium nucleatum
can spread to extra-oral sites, where it is associated with diverse pathologies, including pre-term birth and cancer. Due to the evolutionary distance of
F. nucleatum
to other model bacteria, we lack a deeper understanding of the RNA regulatory networks that allow this bacterium to adapt to its various niches. As a first step in that direction, we recently showed that
F. nucleatum
harbors a global stress response governed by the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, σ
E
, which displays a striking functional conservation with Proteobacteria and includes a noncoding arm in the form of a regulatory small RNA (sRNA), FoxI. To search for putative additional σ
E
-dependent sRNAs, we comprehensively mapped the 5′ and 3′ ends of transcripts in the model strain ATCC 23726. This enabled the discovery of FoxJ, a ~156-nucleotide sRNA previously misannotated as the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of
ylmH
. FoxJ is tightly controlled by σ
E
and activated by the same stress conditions as is FoxI. Both sRNAs act as mRNA repressors of the abundant porin FomA, but FoxJ also regulates genes that are distinct from the target suite of FoxI. Moreover, FoxJ differs from other σ
E
-dependent sRNAs in that it also positively regulates genes at the post-transcriptional level. We provide preliminary evidence for a new mode of sRNA-mediated mRNA activation, which involves the targeting of intra-operonic terminators. Overall, our study provides an important resource through the comprehensive annotation of 5′ and 3′ UTRs in
F. nucleatum
and expands our understanding of the σ
E
response in this evolutionarily distant bacterium.

IMPORTANCE

The oral microbe
Fusobacterium nucleatum
can colonize secondary sites, including cancer tissue, and likely deploys complex regulatory systems to adapt to these new environments. These systems are largely unknown, partly due to the phylogenetic distance of
F. nucleatum
to other model organisms. Previously, we identified a global stress response mediated by σ
E
that displays functional conservation with the envelope stress response in Proteobacteria, comprising a coding and noncoding regulatory arm. Through global identification of transcriptional start and stop sites, we uncovered the small RNA (sRNA) FoxJ as a novel component of the noncoding arm of the σ
E
response in
F. nucleatum
. Together with its companion sRNA FoxI, FoxJ post-transcriptionally modulates the synthesis of envelope proteins, revealing a conserved function for σ
E
-dependent sRNAs between Fusobacteriota and Proteobacteria. Moreover, FoxJ activates the gene expression for several targets, which is a mode of regulation previously unseen in the noncoding arm of the σ
E
response.
Multi-charmed and singled charmed hadrons from coalescence: yields and ratios in different collision systems at LHC
Authors: Minissale Vincenzo , Plumari Salvatore , Sun Yifeng , Greco Vincenzo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the production of charmed and multi-charmed hadrons in ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions coupling the transport approach for charm dynamics in the medium to an hybrid hadronization model of coalescence plus fragmentation. In this paper, we mainly discuss the particle yields for single charmed and multi-charmed baryons focusing mainly on the production of $$\Xi _{cc}$$

Ξ

cc

and $$\Omega _{ccc}$$

Ω

ccc

. We provide first predictions for PbPb collision in $$0 \! - \! 10\%\ $$

0

-

10
%

centrality class and then we explore the system size dependence through KrKr , to ArAr and OO collisions, planned within the ALICE3 experiment. In these cases, a monotonic behavior for the yields emerges which can be tested in future experimental data. We found about three order of magnitude increase in the production of $$\Omega _{ccc}$$

Ω

ccc

in PbPb collisions compared with the yield in small collision systems like OO collisions. Furthermore, we investigate the effects on the $$\Omega _{ccc}$$

Ω

ccc

particle yield and spectra coming from the modification of the charm quark distribution due to the different size of the collision systems also comparing it to the case of thermalized charm distributions. These results suggest that observation on the $$\Omega _{ccc}$$

Ω

ccc

spectra and their evolution across system size can give novel information about the partial thermalization of the charm quark distribution as well as to its wave function width. Furthermore, we find that the $$\Omega _{ccc}$$

Ω

ccc

/$$D^0$$

D
0

ratio is an observable more sensitive with respect to $$\Lambda _c$$

Λ
c

/$$D^0$$

D
0

, this ratio is predicted to span over two order of magnitude from large to small systems.
Induced current by a cosmic string and a brane in high-dimensional AdS spacetime
Authors: Santos W. Oliveira dos , de Mello E. R. Bezerra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the bosonic current induced by a brane and a magnetic flux running along the idealized cosmic string in a $$(D+1)$$

(
D
+
1
)

-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) background. We consider the brane is parallel to the AdS boundary and the cosmic string is orthogonal to them. Moreover, we assume that on the brane the charged bosonic field obeys the Robin boundary condition. The brane divides the space into two regions with different properties of the vacuum state. We show that the only nonzero component of the current density is along the azimuthal direction in both regions. In order to develop this analysis we calculate, for both regions, the positive frequency Wightman functions. Both functions present a part associated with the AdS in presence of a cosmic string only, and the other part induced by the brane. In this paper we consider only the contributions induced by the brane. We show that in both regions the azimuthal current densities are odd functions of the magnetic flux along the string. Different analytic and numerical analysis are performed and an application of our results is provided for the Randall-Sundrum braneworld model with a single brane.
Phase structure of charged AdS black holes surrounded by exotic fluid with modified Chaplygin equation of state
Authors: Sekhmani Y. , Rayimbaev J. , Luciano G. G. , Myrzakulov R. , Gogoi D. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBy considering the concept of the modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) as a single fluid model unifying dark energy and dark matter, we construct a static, spherically charged black hole (BH) solution in the framework of General Relativity. The P–V criticality of the charged anti-de Sitter (AdS) BH with a surrounding MCG is explored in the context of the extended phase space, where the negative cosmological constant operates as a thermodynamical pressure. This critical behavior shows that the small/large BH phase transition is analogous to the van der Waals liquid/gas phase transition. Accordingly, along the P–V phase spaces, we derive the BH equations of state and then numerically evaluate the corresponding critical quantities. Similarly, critical exponents are identified, along with outcomes demonstrating the scaling behavior of thermodynamic quantities near criticality to a universal class. The use of geometrothermodynamic (GT) tools finally offers a new perspective on the discovery of the critical phase transition point. At this stage, we apply a class of GT tools, such as Weinhold, Ruppeiner, HPEM, and Quevedo classes I and II. The findings are therefore non-trivial, as each GT class metric captures at least either the physical limitation point or the phase transition critical point. Overall, this paper provides a detailed study of the critical behavior of the charged AdS BH with surrounding MCG.
Exact massive and massless scalar quasibound states solutions of the Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton (EMD) black hole
Authors: Senjaya David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this letter, we will focus on the Klein–Gordon equation with static spherically symmetric black hole solution of the Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton (EMD) theory as its 3+1 background space-time. The Klein–Gordon equation represents quasibound states of both massive and massless scalar fields which are localized in the black hole potential well. By using the covariant Klein–Gordon equation, we investigate the behaviour of both massive and massless scalars in the EMD black hole space-time. We successfully exactly solved the relativistic wave equation and are going to present the novel exact results in this letter. The exact solutions, the wave functions and the energy levels, describe the decaying nature of the relativistic scalar field bound in the curved space-time. The massive scalar quasibound state has complex-valued energy levels where the real part is the massive scalar’s energy while the imaginary part represents the decay. For the massless scalar quasibound state, pure imaginary energy levels are discovered. In this letter, by using the obtained exact scalar particle’s wave functions, we also consider the Hawking radiation of the apparent horizon of the EMD black hole that is calculated via Damour–Ruffini method. In principle, the investigation of black hole quasibound states could provide possibility for laboratory testing of effects whose nature are absolutely related with quantum effects in gravity.
Lower Cretaceous holostratigraphy in Svalbard: the Arctic key piece of the Boreal basin puzzle
Authors: Jelby Mads E. , Grundvåg Sten-Andreas , Śliwińska Kasia K. , Alsen Peter , Vickers Madeleine L. , Olaussen Snorre , Stemmerik Lars 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy of the high palaeo-latitude Arctic-Boreal Realm is generally more poorly understood than its lower-latitude Tethyan counterpart, prohibiting regional correlations and evaluation of global climate dynamics during this important high-
p
CO
2
period. In this paper, a holostratigraphic scheme and lithostratigraphic revision are presented for the Valanginian–lower Barremian, siliciclastic ramp succession of the Rurikfjellet Formation in Svalbard, drawn from synthesis of the latest published sedimentological, biostratigraphic, petrophysical, sequence stratigraphic, chemostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic results, supplemented by new measured sections from five localities. The offshore mudstone-dominated Wimanfjellet Member (Valanginian–lower Barremian) is retained, whereas three new members are defined according to their distinct geographical, sedimentological and stratigraphic characteristics. The Adventpynten Member (upper(?) Valanginian–lowermost upper Hauterivian) constitutes a thick, relatively localized succession of mass-transport deposits. The Kikutodden Member (Hauterivian–lower Barremian) is discarded and replaced by the northern Bohemanneset Member and southern Fotografryggen Member, representing respectively: heterogeneous prodelta to delta front deposits; and sandy offshore transition to shoreface deposits. The Rurikfjellet Formation records Valanginian–earliest late Hauterivian shoreline progradation followed by late Hauterivian–early Barremian shoreline retreat and flooding across a low-gradient ramp, which never experienced full regression into continental deposits within the extent of the present-day outcrop belt.