bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALTERED ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO PARTIAL THYROIDECTOMY IN PROPRANOLOL‐PREPARED HYPERTHYROID PATIENTS
Authors: FEELY J. , CROOKS J. , FORREST A. L. , HAMILTON W. F. D. , GUNN A. , BROWNING MARGARET C. K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe endocrine response to partial thyroidectomy in a group of twenty hyperthyroid patients prepared with propranolol alone was compared to that of a matched control group of ten euthyroid patients. In propranolol‐prepared patients the glucose response to surgery was reduced (P< 0·05) for up to 4 h post‐operatively and biochemical hypoglycaemia was noted in one patient. Both thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) fell significantly, associated with a marked rise in reverse T3. Growth hormone levels were higher (P<0·05) both pre‐and post‐operatively in propranolol‐prepared patients, whereas prolactin levels, although similar pre‐operatively, were lower (P<0·05) in these patients post‐operatively. Cortisol and ACTH levels were lower (P < 0·05) both before and following thyroidectomy in propranolol‐prepared patients. These results suggest that the endocrine response to surgical stress is markedly altered in propranolol‐prepared hyperthyroid patients.
EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN BODY POSTURE ON PLASMA AND SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM
Authors: SONKODI S. , NICHOLLS M. G. , CUMMING A. M. M. , ROBERTSON J. I. S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe observed that change in body posture from the supine to the erect position in normal volunteers was associated with a rise in circulating potassium and a fall in sodium concentrations, irrespective of whether the electrolytes were measured in serum or plasma, or whether head‐up tilt or ambulation was used. In patients with primary aldosteronism, the fall in serum sodium and rise in serum potassium with ambulation tended to obscure the characteristic electrolyte abnormalities of that syndrome. These changes in potassium and sodium could contribute to the rise in aldosterone secretion on orthostasis. The body posture of patients should be considered in the interpretation of plasma and serum electrolyte levels.
hCG‐STIMULATION OF TESTICULAR STEROIDOGENESIS DURING INDUCED HYPER—AND HYPOPROLACTINAEMIA IN MAN
Authors: MARTIKAINEN H. , VIHKO R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn order to elucidate the role of prolactin in the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis in man, hyper‐ and hypoprolactinaemia were induced by sulpiride (group 2) and bromocriptine (group 3) administration in eight and nine young adults, respectively, and the responses of testosterone and six other steroids to a single dose of 5000 iu hCG were compared with those obtained under basal conditions (group 1) in eight men. During hyperprolactinaemia (group 2) the responses of pregnenolone, progesterone, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone tended to be greater than in the control and hypoprolactinaemia groups, but these changes were not statistically significant. In contrast to the behaviour of these steroids, oestradiol showed diminished peak values at 24–36 h after hCG in the sulpiride‐treated group and the response was significantly smaller (P < 0·01) than during hypoprolactinaemia. These findings suggest that testicular aromatization is modulated by prolactin and thus the partial inhibition of oestradiol production, observed during short‐term hyperprolactinaemia, may result in a better androgen response to hCG.
PLASMA ANDROGENIC ACTIVITY IN WOMEN WITH ACNE VULGARIS AND IN HEALTHY GIRLS BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER PUBERTY
Authors: ODLIND V. , CARLSTRÖM K. , MICHAËLSSON G. , VAHLQVIST A. , VICTOR A. , MELLBIN T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe possible relationship between plasma androgenic activity and acne vulgaris was investigated. Plasma testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were determined in healthy girls during different stages of puberty, in healthy adult women and in women with acne vulgaris. Testosterone increased during puberty, whereas SHBG decreased during the early stages before it increased and stabilized in late puberty. Healthy adult women and women with mild acne vulgaris had similar plasma concentrations of testosterone and SHBG. Women with severe acne vulgaris had testosterone levels in the same range but the SHBG levels were significantly lower than those of healthy women and women with mild acne. These results show a high androgenic activity in the intermediate stages of puberty, when acne vulgaris is a common complaint and an increased androgenic activity in adult women with severe acne vulgaris.
THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS OESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON THE PITUITARY RESPONSIVENESS TO LHRH DURING THE PUERPERIUM IN WOMEN
Authors: VEMER H. M. , ROLLAND R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe FSH and LH response to 25 μg LHRH was measured in lactating women and the results compared to a similar group in whom lactation was suppressed by administration of bromocriptine shortly after delivery. The response was also measured in both groups after “challenge” with oestradiol benzoate. In lactating women the FSH response to LHRH was diminished following the oestradiol challenge, as compared with that in unchallenged women. At the same time the LH responses were low in both circumstances, indicating a negative feedback effect of oestradiol. However, the oestradiol challenge resulted in a significantly increased response of FSH and LH to LHRH in bromocriptine‐treated puerperal women, i.e. a positive feedback effect of oestradiol.We concluded that this and previous experiments favour the hypothesis that the lactational amenorrhoea during hyperprolactinaemia is caused by hypothalamic changes due to a predominance of the negative feedback system.
SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL‐2 IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: BOSCH R. , THIJSSEN J. H. H. , DUURSMA S. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA method for the quantitative estimation of dihydrotachysterol‐2 is described using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an UV monitor. Since radioactive labelled DHT2 is not available, recovery is based on the assumption that dihydrotachysterol‐2 and cholecalciferol behave identically during chromatic procedures. Evidence is presented to support this assumption. In patients treated with DHT2 the serum concentrations of DHT2 rose in proportion to the administered dose.
ALTERATIONS IN THYROID HORMONE METABOLISM DURING CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH TESTICULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: WILLEMSE PAX H. B. , SLEIJFER DIRK TH. , SLUITER WIM J. , KOOPS HEIMEN SCHRAFFORDT , DOORENBOS HIERONYMUS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn a prospective study, the effects of chemotherapy on thyroid function in patients with non‐seminoma testicular carcinoma were evaluated. Thirty‐one patients were studied; in sixteen immunoassayable HCG was present, but altered thyroid function could not be established.In fifteen patients an exaggerated TSH response to TRH was observed. In these patients, although T3 and T4N values were normal, basal TSH levels were higher compared to patients with a normal TSH response, probably due to preceding lymphangiography.During chemotherapy, T4N, T3 and rT3 levels rose significantly, but basal TSH levels and the TSH response to TRH decreased. In contrast, the prolactin responses to TRH increased. The observed changes in thyroid function during chemotherapy appear to result from delayed thyroid hormone clearance, probably caused by an effect of chemotherapy on deiodinating enzyme activity. This would result, in an increase in T4N and rT3 levels and a fall in TSH levels and in the TSH response to TRH. Furthermore, after therapy the raised T4N and lowered TSH levels remained, whilst the FT3 level did not change either during or after therapy, suggesting an unaltered hypothalamic/pituitary axis.
THE RESPONSE OF PROLACTIN TO CHLORPROMAZINE STIMULATION IN MEN WITH HYPOGONADOTROPHIC HYPOGONADISM AND EARLY PUBERTAL BOYS: RELATIONSHIP TO SEX STEROID EXPOSURE*
Authors: WINTERS S. J. , JOHNSONBAUGH R. E. , SHERINS R. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on prolactin (PRL) secretion was studied in fourteen sexually immature males; nine with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and five who proved to be normal early pubertal boys. Initially, clinical features and basal levels of testosterone, LH and FSH in serum collected in the morning and the gonadotrophin responses to LHRH stimulation were similar in all subjects. Following CPZ the early pubertal boys increased PRL levels by at least 15 ng/ml, responses similar to those of normal men, whereas no subject with complete hypogonadotropism increased PRL by more than 5 ng/ml. Two subjects with incomplete hypogonadotropism (‘fertile eunuchs’) exhibited responses similar to normals.Treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) or testosterone enhanced the PRL response to CPZ in three of six hypogonadotrophic subjects. Ten additional hypogonadotrophic men studied while receiving long term treatment with hCG or testosterone also manifested normal responses to CPZ. These data indicate that lack of sex steroid exposure, rather than a more generalized hypothalamic disorder, explains the attenuated PRL response to CPZ found in untreated men with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Moreover, CPZ‐stimulated PRL secretion may prove to be of practical value in distinguishing hypogonadotrophics from boys with delayed puberty.
DEMONSTRATION OF CIRCULATING 1,24,25‐TRIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 IN MAN BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: CLEMENS T. L. , FRAHER L. J. , SANDLER L. M. , O'RIORDAN J. L. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY1,24,25‐trihydroxyvitamin D3 has been detected in human serum using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Tritiated 1,24,25‐trihydroxyvitamin D3 was synthesized biologically and used as tracer to monitor the recovery of endogenous metabolite during isolation from serum. Circulating 1,24,25(OH)3D3 in normal subjects ranged from 9·3 to 18·5 pmol/l but was not detectable (> 2·3 pmol/l) in serum from nephrectomized subjects. The trihydroxy metabolite was elevated in three out of four vitamin D deficient subjects who were being treated with vitamin D3.
SOMATOSTATIN‐28 INHIBITS LHRH‐STIMULATED GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN MAN
Authors: MILLAR R. P. , KLAFF L. J . , BARRON J. , LEVITT N. S . , LING N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe LH and FSH responses to 100 pg LHRH in a combined pituitary stimulation test were compared in five normal men during infusions of somatostatin‐28 (SS‐28) and somatostatin onadotrophin hormone secretion by SS‐14 and SS‐28 suggest that these hypothalamic peptides may play a part in the regulation of LH and FSH secretion.SS‐28 significantly reduced both LH and FSH responses to LHRH comparedwith control infusions. SS‐14 did not significantly alter the FSH response but caused a significant reduction in the LH concentration 75 and 90 min afterL HRH injection. These findings demonstrate that SS‐28 has distinct biological activity in addition to its role as a putative precursor of SS‐14. Inhibition of gonadotrophin hormone secretion by SS‐14 and SS‐28 suggest that these hypothalamic peptides may play a part in the regulation of LH and FSH secretion.
A PEPTIDE IN GASTRIC SECRETION WITH INHIBIN‐LIKE PROPERTIES
Authors: SHETH N. A. , VAZE A. Y. , SHETH A. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe presence of inhibin like peptide which is biologically active in reducing FSH secretion in castrated rats and suppressing hCG‐induced increase in ovarian weights of immature mice, is reported for the first time in gastric aspirates of normal men. Immunological characteristics of this peptide were similar to inhibin extracted from human seminal plasma. The concentration of inhibin‐like peptide measured by RIA developed for seminal inhibin is more than thirty‐fold higher in gastric aspirates compared with serum.
REDUCED NOCTURNAL MELATONIN SECRETION IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA: RELATIONSHIP TO BODY WEIGHT
Authors: FERRIER I. N. , ARENDT J. , JOHNSTONE E. C. , CROW T. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMelatonin was estimated by RIA in samples taken at 24.00 h and 08.00 h from twenty‐one male chronic schizophrenics and twelve age‐sex matched controls and subsequently in more frequent nocturnal samples from nine of the chronic schizophrenics. The 24.00 h melatonin level and the 24.00/08.00 h melatonin ratio were significantly reduced in the chronic schizophrenic patients. Similar results, with no evidence of subsidiary peaks of melatonin secretion, were obtained in those patients who were retested. No relationships between melatonin secretion and age or anterior pituitary hormone secretion were demonstrated, but an effect of body weight was noted which accounted, in part, for the difference between schizophrenics and controls. These results suggest that the low levels of melatonin noted in studies on depressed patients may not be specific and that body weight must be controlled in subsequent studies of melatonin secretion in patients with psychiatric disease.
SERUM LEVELS OF 25‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D, 24,25‐DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D AND PARATHYROID HORMONE IN PATIENTS WITH FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE IN SOUTHERN FINLAND
Authors: KNORRING JOHAN VON , SLÄTIS PÄR , WEBER THEODOR H. , HELENIUS TUULA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD), 24,25‐dihydroxy‐vitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined in elderly patients with fracture of the femoral neck and in age‐matched controls during summer, winter and early spring in southern Finland. The expected seasonal variation in 25‐OHD values was observed in both patients and controls, though the patient group had significantly lower values during winter (P < 0.02) and spring (P < 0.01). The 24,25(OH)2D: 25‐OHD ratio remained constant in both patients and controls throughout the study. A significant negative correlation between PTH and 25‐OHD values was found in the patient group. Thus, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the high incidence of femoral neck fractures in elderly people, and the increased PTH activity, observed in many patients with these fractures, is secondary to vitamin D deficiency.
THE EFFECTS OF SULPHYDRYL REAGENTS ON THE NEUTRALIZATION OF LATS BY HUMAN THYROID EXTRACTS
Authors: SHISHIBA YOSHIMASA , OZAWA YASUNORI , SHIMIZU TAEKO , OHTSUKI NATSUKO 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYLATS has already been shown to be neutralized by an unknown antigenic substance in human thyroid tissue. This antigen has been presumed to be a TSH receptor. To examine this hypothesis, we sought to determine whether SH reagents capable of altering the characteristics of TSH receptors in thyroidal crude membrane fractions caused an alteration in the LATS neutralization activity of the same fraction. Diamide (10−3m) which was shown to enhance 125I‐TSH binding to TSH receptors by increasing the binding affinity of the receptor, significantly increased the neutralization of LATS by the crude membrane fraction. Dithiothreitol (10−3m) which was shown to inhibit 125I‐TSH binding by decreasing the affinity of the receptor, significantly decreased the neutralization of LATS by the fraction. This indicates that TSH receptors and the thyroidal factor capable of neutralizing LATS share a common property in terms of the effects of SH reagents and is compatible with the idea that the LATS neutralizing activity of thyroidal crude membrane fraction is due to binding by the TSH receptor or its fragments.
RECOVERY OF PITUITARY FUNCTION FOLLOWING SURGICAL REMOVAL OF LARGE NONFUNCTIONING PITUITARY ADENOMAS*
Authors: ARAFAH BAHA'UDDIN M. , BRODKEY JERALD S. , MANNI ANDREA , VELASCO MANUEL E. , KAUFMAN BENJAMIN , PEARSON OLOF H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPituitary function was evaluated in eleven patients with large nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas before and 3 months after surgical adenomectomy. The longest anteroposterior dimension from the anterior wall to the dorsum of the sella on a lateral skull x‐ray ranged between 22 and 45 mm. All adenomas were confirmed histologically and had negative immunostaining for GH, PRL, ACTH and HCG.Based on the pre‐ and post‐operative pituitary function, the patients were divided into two groups. Group I included eight patients who had hypopituitarism pre‐operatively of whom five had partial recovery of pituitary function while three had persistent hypopituitarism. Group II included three patients who had normal pituitary function pre‐ and post‐operatively. Five patients of group I had high normal or slightly elevated serum PRL levels while one had a normal level and two patients had low levels pre‐operatively. TRH but not perphenazine resulted in a variable but definite rise in serum PRL preoperatively in patients with normal or elevated PRL level.In contrast, neither stimulus resulted in a rise in serum PRL in two patients with low basal levels. Serum PRL levels were normal in six patients and low in two others post‐operatively. Serum TSH levels were low in all eight patients with hypothyroidism. TRH resulted in a sustained release of TSH in three patients and was without effect in two patients pre‐operatively. Of eight patients with pre‐operative hypothyroidism, five recovered normal function and three remained hypothyroid. Of six patients with adrenal insufficiency pre‐operatively, two recovered normal pituitary—adrenal function while only two of eight patients recovered gonadal function post‐operatively. None of the eight patients recovered GH responsiveness to stimulation. All patients that recovered pituitary function had normal or slightly elevated serum PRL pre‐operatively. Our data indicate that recovery of pituitary function in patients with large pituitary adenomas and hypopituitarism may occur after surgical removal of the adenoma. One of the possible mechanisms of hypopituitarism in this setting would be interruption of the hypothalamic pituitary portal circulation by the large adenoma. An additional factor might be pressure necrosis and destruction of normal pituitary cells by the expanding adenoma. The extent of that might determine the degree of recovery of pituitary function.
LEVELS OF α‐MELANOTROPHIN IN THE HUMAN FETAL PITUITARY GLAND THROUGHOUT GESTATION, IN ADULT PITUITARY GLAND AND IN HUMAN PLACENTA*
Authors: F.WILSON J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYα‐Melanotrophin was detected by radioimmunoassay in the human fetal pituitary gland from 11 weeks of gestation. The peak hormone concentration of 3.4 nmol/g pituitary tissue was reached at 17–20 weeks. From 17 to 36 weeks of gestation the total gland content rose gradually from 28 to 102 pmol. During this latter period, the pituitary gland grew some 10‐fold, with the result that the α‐melanotrophin concentration declined steadily to 1–3 nmol/g. In the final month of gestation, both the total gland content and the concentration of α‐melanotrophin rose significantly to 254 pmol and 2.4 nmol/g respectively. The variations in pituitary gland content of α‐melanotrophin were consistent with a role for pars intermedia peptides in the fetus. α‐Melanotrophin‐like peptides were not demonstrated in human placental tissue.
PLASMA ANGIOTENSIN II AND ALDOSTERONE IN UNSELECTED DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: FERRISS J. B. , SULLIVAN P. A. , GONGGRIJP H. , COLE M. , O'SULLIVAN D. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone in plasma were measured in 101 consecutive unselected out‐patient diabetic patients and in fifty‐three normal controls. The concentration of angiotensin II was similar in diabetics without complications and controls, but was significantly lower in patients with hypertension or peripheral neuropathy. In contrast, plasma aldosterone was not reduced in any sub‐group. The concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone were positively correlated in controls, in diabetics without complications and in hypertensive diabetics, but this relationship was not found in patients with peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy or nephropathy.There was no evidence of overt hypoaldosteronism in any of the diabetic patients. No individual aldosterone concentration was below the range found in controls and no plasma potassium concentration was above the control range. It is concluded that when plasma angiotensin II concentration is reduced in patients with specific diabetic complications such as neuropathy, plasma aldosterone may be maintained by factors other than the renin‐angiotensin system. This would explain why hypoaldosteronism is rare among unselected diabetics.
FERTILITY AFTER CHILDBIRTH: POST‐PARTUM OVULATION AND MENSTRUATION IN BOTTLE AND BREAST FEEDING MOTHERS
Authors: HOWIE P. W. , McNEILLY A. S. , HOUSTON M. J. , COOK A. , BOYLE H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe resumption of post‐partum menstruation and ovulation was studied in ten bottle feeding and twenty‐seven breast feeding mothers. First menstruation occurred at 8±1 weeks (± 1±0 SE) in bottle feeders and 32±5 weeks (±2±5 SE) in breast feeders (P < 0±001); first ovulation occurred at 10±8 weeks (±1±0 SE) in bottle feeders and 36±4 weeks (±2±5 SE) in breast feeders (P < 0±001).In bottle feeders, ovulation preceded first menses in only 2/10 (20%) of mothers but was regularly established thereafter, occurring in 17/18 (94%) of second and subsequent cycles.Breast feeding did not postpone ovulation indefinitely because 13/27 of the breast feeding mothers ovulated while still lactating; ovulation occurred in 9/27 (33%) of breast feeding mothers during the phase of lactational amenorrhoea but was followed by menstruation in every case. In breast feeding mothers, the frequency of ovular cycles progressively increased with time, ovulation being observed in 9/20 (45%) of first cycles during lactation, 20/30 (66%) of later cycles during lactation, 16/23 (70%) of first cycles after lactation and 26/31 (84%) of later cycles after lactation.There was a disruption of menstrual rhythms during lactation, the mean interval between the first day of consecutive menstrual cycles being 37±0 days ± 3±3 SE during lactation compared with 29±8 days ± 1±0 SE after lactation and 29±5 days ± 1±0 SE in the bottle feeding mothers.This study shows that bottle feeding is associated with an early resumption of post‐partum menstruation and ovulation. In breast feeding mothers, there is complete suppression of ovulation during the greater part of lactational amenorrhoea but ovulation will return in a proportion of mothers just before first menses. After the return of menstruation during lactation, the frequency of ovular cycles progressively increases but does not return to normal until complete weaning has taken place.
SUPPRESSED PROLACTIN BUT NORMAL NEUROPHYSIN LEVELS IN CIGARETTE SMOKING BREAST‐FEEDING WOMEN
Authors: ANDERSEN A. NYBOE , LUND‐ANDERSEN C. , LARSEN J. FALCK , CHRISTENSEN N. JUEL , LEGROS J. J. , LOUIS F. , ANGELO H. , MOLIN J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe hormonal responses to breast‐feeding were studied during the first 3 post‐partum weeks in ten women smoking more than fifteen cigarettes/day and in a control group. Basal PRL levels were significantly lower in smokers compared with non‐smokers, but suckling induced acute increments in serum PRL and oxytocin‐linked neurophysin, which were not influenced by smoking. The lactational pattern was normal, but smokers weaned their babies significantly earlier compared with non‐smokers. Heavy cigarette smoking women have lower basal PRL levels and this may shorten the period of lactation.