bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transarterial embolization to control posterior epistaxis
Authors: Hicks Julius N. , Vitek George 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPosterior nasal epistaxis is a challenging problem for the oto‐laryngologist, particularly when patients are critically ill after significant blood loss. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new radiologic technique designed to enhance the treatment of acute nasal hemorrhage. Seven patients with posterior nasal epistaxis underwent portable, computerized, digital subtraction angiography before embolization. Results are presented, and the advantages and limitations of this approach are compared and contrasted with those of nasal packing and arterial ligation. We conclude that this new procedure permits rapid location of the bleeding source and safe, rapid placement of a maxillary arterial catheter for hemostasis by embolization.
Hearing preservation in vestibular neurectomy
Authors: De LaCruz Antonio , McElveen John T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe goal of vestibular neurectomy is to control disabling vertigo while preserving hearing in patients with nonhydropic intractable peripheral vertigo or in patients with Meniere's disease in which an endolymphatic sac procedure has failed.Labyrinthectomy continues to be used to treat patients with intractable vertigo and serviceable hearing. We feel that a labyrinthectomy is contraindicated when any useful hearing remains. Vestibular neurectomy affords the surgeon a means to eliminate the abnormal vestibular input without sacrificing hearing.Two approaches have been used to section the vestibular nerves: the middle fossa approach since 1961 and the retrolabyrinthine approach more recently. Both approaches are effective in relieving vertigo while preserving hearing. This paper presents a statistical analysis of these two approaches. Although differences did exist, both were found to be highly successful in alleviating incapacitating vertigo and preserving hearing in a large percentage of patients.
Transient hearing loss with metrizamide
Authors: Grant Monica G. , Weiss Kenneth S. , Novak Michael A. , Tobin W. Dennis 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo case studies are reported in which transient low frequency scnsorincural hearing loss was experienced following myelography and CT scanning with metrizamide. Low frequency sensorineural hearing loss is considered to be the result of increased stiffness of one or both of the inner ear membranes. A review of the literature regarding an osmotic relationship between blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and the inner car fluids attempts to explain how this phenomenon may have occurred with metrizamide. The transient sensorineural loss observed in the case studies presented is compared to the pathophysiology attributed to the formation of endolymphatic hydrops.
Osteomyelitis of the head and neck: Sequential radionuclide scanning in diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Kaufman Raymond A. , Strauss Melvin , Baum Sheldon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSequential technetium and gallium scans of the head and neck were used to confirm the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and us an important therapeutic aid to delineate the transformation of active osteomyelitis to inactive osteomyelitis in 11 cases involving sites in the head and neck. Illustrative cases are presented of frontal sinus and cervical spine osteomyelitis and laryngeal osteochondritis.
Cholesteatoma surgery: The influence of the canal wall
Authors: Smyth Gordon D. L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough there is an increasing awareness of the risks of complications following intact canal wall tympanoplasty (ICWT) for cholesteatoma, long‐term evidence to support a preference for alternative techniques in which the canal wall having been removed, the resultant cavity is obliterated, is comparatively scarce. In order to clarify this uncertainty, long‐term results with both operations have been analyzed to determine incidence rates for postoperative complications and functional results.Recurrent cholesteatoma (retraction pocket) has occurred in 14% of ICWT ears and 1% of erars with mastoid obliteration and tympaine rerconstruction. The incidence of clinically defected residual disease with both operations has been extremly low so far, in spite of greater than 20% incidence of epithelial pearls at the second stage of sepearate planned two‐stage procedures with each technique. It is concluded that reduction to the greater degree possible of cholesteatomatous complications from tympanoplasty accessitates removal of the canal wall.
Invasive aspergillus of the head and neck
Authors: Colman Marc F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInvasive fungal infections of the head and neck are uncommon. The most common organism is Mucor which is classically seen in diabetic individuals in or immediately after a bout of ketoacidosis. This report outlines our experience of four cases of invasive fungal disease caused by the Aspergillus species. All four patients in this series were profoundly granulocytopenic. Three of the four patients remained profoundly immunocompromised and succumbed to infections. One patient recovered immune competence and became a long term survivor after antifungal chemotherapy and debridement of necrotic tissue. The literature on invasive Aspergillus of the head and neck is reviewed. Some recent insights in the medicine literature concerning the epidemiology of the more common pulmonary form of this invasive disease are also discussed.
Electronystagmography and audio potentials in space flight
Authors: Thornton William E. , Thagard Norman E. , Biggers W. Paul , Pool Sam L. , Thomas W. Grady 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBeginning with the fourth flight of the Space Transport System (STS‐4), objective measurements of inner ear function were conducted in near‐zero G conditions in earth orbit. The problem of space motion sickness (SMS) was approached much like any disequilibrium problem encountered clinically. However, objective testing techniques had built‐in limitations superimposed by the strict parameters inherent in each mission. An attempt was made to objectively characterize SMS, and to first ascertain whether the objective measurements indicated that this disorder was of peripheral or central origin. Electronystagmography and auditory brain stem response recordings were the primary investigative tools. One of the authors (W.E.T.) was a mission specialist on board the orbiter Challenger on the eighth shuttle mission (STS‐8) and had the opportunity to make direct and personal observations regarding SMS, an opportunity which has added immeasurably to our understanding of this disorder. Except for two abnormal ENG records, which remain to be explained, the remaining ENG records and all the ABR records made in the weightless environment of space were normal.
Lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated carcinoma) of the laryngohypopharynx
Authors: Stanley Robert J. , Weiland Louis H. , Desanto Lawrence W. , Neel H. Bryan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLymphoepithelioma (World Health Organization type 3, undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type) is an extremely rare cancer in the laryngohypopharyngeal regions. We found reports of only 6 such tumors in the English language medical literature; 1 of the 6 was from our institution. We report four additional cases seen at the Mayo Clinic. Radiotherapy controlled disease at the primary site in three of the four cases. The neoplasm has a propensity for early, widespread dissemination. Three of our four patients died of extensive visceral and nodal metastases. One patient has survived eight years without a recurrence.
Retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section: Analysis of results
Authors: Kemink John L. , Hoff Julian T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe retrolabyrinthine section of the vestibular nerve is an effective procedure for the ablation of unilateral vestibular function while preserving hearing. Although this procedure has been most frequently used for the control of unilateral Meniere's disease, it may also be effective in the control of unilateral vestibular dysfunction of other etiologies. A 2‐year experience with the indications for and the surgical results in a series of patients who underwent this procedure is presented. Brief case histories of a variety of etiologies of unilateral vestibular dysfunction are discussed.
Electrophysiologic monitoring of facial nerve during temporal bone surgery
Authors: Harner Stephen G. , Daube Jasper R. , Ebersold Michael J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMonitoring of peripheral nerves during surgical procedures decreases trauma to the nerve, which may preserve function. During 1984, electrophysiologic monitoring of the facial nerve was used during 32 operative procedures in and around the temporal bone. The largest group were for cerebellopontine angle tumors. Clinically, monitoring appeared to be helpful by providing objective evidence of trauma to the facial nerve and a method of demonstrating integrity of the nerve. However, review of this series did not reveal objective evidence of improved facial nerve preservation compared to results in a similar group of patients operated on without monitoring. We think that the monitoring is best done by personnel experienced with the technique.
Prognostic significance of tumor growth during radiation therapy
Authors: Jacobs John R. , Binns Philip , Kinzie Jeannie , Evans Richard , Weaver Arthur 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective review of 282 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck that were seen in the Radiation Oncology Department from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 1983, was performed. From this population a subgroup of six patients was identified that experienced growth of tumor in the radiation field during treatment. All except one of these patients expired from progression of cancer within 16 months. At the time of writing, the one remaining patient has progressive cancer in spite of additional therapy.Growth of cancer in the radiation field during therapy is unusual. It appears to be associated with a very poor prognosis even with aggressive salvage therapy. This observation should be taken into consideration in the medical/surgical management of these patients.
Treatment results for simultaneous primary squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck
Authors: McCollough W. Mark , Million Rodney R. , Mendenhall William M. , Parsons James T. , Cassisi Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractForty patients with simultaneous multiple primaries of the head and neck were treated with curative intent between June 1964 and April 1983. The primary sites were treated with radiation therapy alone or in combination with surgery. Surgery was used to salvage local failures of radiation treatment. Neck disease was treated with radiation therapy alone or with neck dissection added after completion of radiation therapy to the primary lesions. Minimum follow‐up was 2 years with a range of 2 to 20 years. For the 32 patients whose primary tumors were treated with radiation alone, the 2‐year local control rates for the 53 individual tumors evaluated were as follows: T1, 18/21; T2, 16/23; and T3‐T4, 1/9. In the T3‐T4 group, there was only one successful surgical salvage. Local control rates for disease at all primary sites in each patient according to highest T‐stage were as follows: T1, 4/5; T2, 9/15; and T3‐T4, 1/9. Eight patients whose primary tumors were treated with radiation and surgery are discussed. The absolute disease‐free survival rate at 2 years for 40 patients was 42%. Complications of treatment are described.
Postsurgical follow‐up study of patients with severe polypoid degeneration
Authors: Lumpkin Samuel M. M. , Bennett Suzanne , Bishop Sandra G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis report summarizes our experiences with 23 women whose bilateral severe polypoid degeneration was managed surgically and who have been followed over a 2‐ to 7‐year postoperative period. In our study group, polypoid degeneration did not reappear if the patient stopped smoking and practiced healthy vocal hygiene. About 25% of those who continued to smoke after surgery evidenced return of the disease, usually within 2 to 3 years. Reappearance of polypoid degeneration appeared most strongly related to the smoking variable alone or in combination with vocal abuse and/or medications that can cause edema. Neither vocal abuse nor medications appeared to be primary causal factors. The return of polypoid degeneration, in its earliest stages, was detected first via laryngeal examination.
Extracapsular spread of squamous cell carcinoma in neck lymph nodes: Prognostic factor of laryngeal cancer
Authors: Hirabayashi Hideki , Koshii Eenji , Uno Kohei , Ohgaki Haruyuki , Nakasone Yasuji , Fujisawa Tutomu , Syouno Noboru , Hinohara Tadashi , Hirabayashi Kaoru 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFifty‐two patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent radical neck dissections were studied to provide further information on the prognosis of various clinical and histopathological parameters.Extracapsular spread (ECS) was found in 31% of patients with Nl nodes, and in 60% of patients with histopathologically positive nodes.The 5‐year survival rate of histopathological findings was as follows: patients with no pathological evidence of neck metastasis (81%), patients with neck metastasis confined to the lymph node (no ECS) (76%), and patients with ECS (17%). The difference in survival rate between patients with no ECS and patients with ECS was statistically significant (P = .001).Staging classification, T‐stage classification, the number of malignant nodes, the diameter of malignant nodes, and combined therapy had no prognostic importance. The most significant factor was the presence of extracapsular spread.
Intraoperative radiotherapy of skull base cancer
Authors: Freemany Stephen B. , Hamaker Ronald C. , Singer Mark I. , Pugh Newell , Garrett Peter , Ross David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAs the head and neck surgeon expands the boundaries of resectability into the skull base, the margin of tumor clearance diminishes. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) can be used as an adjunct to skull base surgery and external beam radiation to enhance local control in areas with close margins or remaining microscopic disease.During the period from May 1982 to May 1988, 25 patients underwent IORT of the skull base following resection and prior to closure to treat microscopic disease in 9 patients, sterilize close margins in 14 patients, and attempt to eliminate remaining gross disease in 2 patients. The types of tumors treated were 13 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 3 high‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 3 sarcomas, 1 malignant mixed tumor, and an oncocytic adenocarcinoma. The majority of the tumors either originated in the sinuses or were skull base extensions of oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancers. In 22 patients with 1‐year follow‐up, IORT prevented local recurrence in 14 (64%) patients. This may represent improved control of local disease in patients who historically have a very dismal prognosis.The indications, techniques, and complications of this exciting therapeutic modality are also reviewed.
Glomus tympanicum tumors: A clinical perspective
Authors: O'Leary Michael J. , Shelton Clough , Giddings Neil A. , Kwartler Jed , Brackmann Derald E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince Guild first discovered glomus bodies in the middle ear, the diagnostic evaluation and therapy of glomus tympanicum tumors have remained challenging. This study describes 73 cases diagnosed as glomus tympanicum tumors over the past 30 years. During this period, imaging techniques have markedly improved, and surgical approaches have evolved and been refined. These 73 cases were reviewed from a clinical perspective involving presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutic management.Pulsatile tinnitus was the primary symptom in over half the patients, followed by hearing loss in one third. The physical exam rarely revealed a circumferential view of the lesion, emphasizing the necessity of further diagnostic evaluation. High‐resolution computerized tomography (CT) is currently the radiographic study of choice. A transmastoid surgical approach with extended facial recess was most commonly employed. Extension to the jugular bulb or internal carotid was rare, and no intraoperative complications of catecholamine secretion were noted. Postoperative complications were few, and the overall residual/recurrence rate was less than 5%. Additional clinical insights may assist in the management of these rare but fascinating tumors.
Temporal bone histopathology 14 years after cytomegalic inclusion disease: A case study
Authors: Rarey Kyle E. , Davis Larry E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTemporal bones were examined from a 14‐year‐old male who died of sequelae of congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was not isolated from inner ear fluid or multiple systemic tissues at the time of death. Examination of temporal bones revealed chronic pathology of both cochlear and vestibular sensory and nonsensory tissues. Endolymphatic hydrops was observed in the basal turn of the cochlear duct, while Reissner's membrane was collapsed in the more apical turns. Strial atrophy and a loss of cochlear hair cells were observed along the entire length of the basilar membrane. Vestibular neuroepithelial regions were degenerated and fibrosis was seen within the vestibular perilymphatic tissue spaces, suggesting prior labyrinthitis within the perilymph compartment in addition to the more typical pattern of endolabyrinthitis associated with human CMV infection. Distention of the saccular membrane was evident. In both cochlear and vestibular tissues, there were isolated regions of calcifications that appeared characteristic to that reported in other organ systems of individuals with CID. Collectively, these chronic, pathological findings in this case of CID demonstrate more extensive injury than has been identified in the previously reported acute temporal bone pathology of CID.
Microbial colonization of blom‐singer prostheses in postlaryngectomy patients
Authors: Palmer M. D. , Elliott T. S. J. , Johnson A. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe microbial colonization of 44 Blom‐Singer valves obtained from 16 patients over an 11‐month period was investigated both by standard microbial culture methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The valves were all removed from the patients after failure to function correctly. The microbiology cultures revealed that Candida species and Staphylococcus aureus were present either individually or in combination on 43 valves. SEM showed yeast hyphae attached to and penetrating the surfaces of the 5 valves examined. Colonies of staphylococci were also seen on 2 of these 5 valves.Unlike similar investigations on other voice prostheses, Saureus colonization was associated with Candida colonization and valve failure.
Differences in dendritic cells in congenital and acquired cholesteatomas
Authors: Frankel Sarah , Berson Shelley , Han Jin C. , Parisier Simon C. , Godwin T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCholesteatomas are histologically benign, though biologically invasive lesions that arise from the migration of squamous epithelium of the ear. Acquired cholesteatomas usually arise in an antigenically active environment, i.e., a chronically and/or recurrently inflamed middle ear. In contrast, congenital cholesteatomas occur in an uninflamed environment. The potential role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the evolution of this lesion has not been thoroughly studied. By staining for S‐100 protein, the authors evaluated the presence and distribution of DCs in cholesteatomas.Sixteen cases of cholesteatomas diagnosed from 1987 to 1989 were selected for this study. The formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections were processed by a standard avidin‐biotin peroxidase‐antiperoxidase method for S‐100 protein and for leukocyte common antigen (LCA). The presence and distribution of S‐100 protein‐positive DCs was evaluated and compared to canal wall skin. DCs were present in all cases. Nine acquired cholesteatomas had 5 to 16 epithelial DCs per high‐power field (HPF). Seven congenital cholesteatomas were examined. Four with isolated congenital pearl‐like cholesteatomas had 1 to 3/HPF epithelial DCs. In contrast, the three inflamed congenital cholesteatomas had 6 to 12/HPF DCs. The control uninflamed canal wall skin had only 1 to 3/HPF DCs. All DCs were LCA negative, as expected.
Factors associated with recurrence and voice quality following radiation therapy for T1 and T2 glottic carcinomas
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Gillen John , Thieme Paul , Dragovich Jadranka , Jacobson Barbara 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEvaluation of 63 patients undergoing primary radiation therapy for treatment of T1 and T2 glottic carcinomas was undertaken to evaluate the success of primary treatment and to identify factors which might influence recurrence or voice quality. Twelve patients (19%) recurred following radiation therapy, with ultimate salvage in 11, for a 3‐year survival rate of 98%. Voice preservation was achieved in 83%. Continued smoking after radiation therapy was associated with significantly greater risk of recurrence. Stage of tumor and anterior commissure involvement were not associated with increased recurrences. Sixty‐seven percent of patients who did not recur had good voice quality after treatment. Vocal fold stripping or excisional biopsy rather than limited biopsy for initial diagnosis, complications of treatment, and continued smoking after treatment were all significantly associated with an increased risk of poorer voice quality after treatment while bilateral vocal fold tumors were associated with risks that approached significance. Voice analysis of five patients revealed that objective changes in voice can be detected after radiation therapy in those with associated risk factors but may be normal in those without these risk factors.
Tumor‐Associated glycoprotein expression in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study using the monoclonal antibody B72.3
Authors: Roa R. Arturo , Hruban Ralph H. , Mckenzie Pearline , Richtsmeier William 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody B72.3 recognizes a mucin‐like glycoprotein which is expressed in a variety of human malignancies including adenocarcinomas of the breast, colon, lung, endometrium, pancreas, and ovary. The antibody, an immunoglobulin G (IgG1) subclass monoclonal antibody, was generated from membrane‐enriched fractions of metastatic mammary carcinoma. Because the antigen detected by B72.3 is expressed in a broad spectrum of human neoplasms, B72.3 is a potentially useful marker for glandular neoplasms. Despite its potential usefulness, there is only one previous comprehensive study which has examined the distribution of the tumor‐associated glycoprotein (TAG‐72), as detected by B72.3, in salivary neoplasms. We examined 21 mucoepidermoid carcinomas with the antibody. Twenty (95%) of the 21 carcinomas stained positively. The only carcinoma that did not stain was initially thought to be a high‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma based on immunohistochemical staining. Further review, however, indicated that this lesion was most likely a pure squamous cell carcinoma, and the absence of TAG‐72 antigen expression was helpful in this regard. Among those neoplasms which stained with B72.3, the strongest staining was seen in the low‐grade carcinomas. These results suggest that B72.3 may be a useful marker for glandular differentiation in mucoepidermoid carcinomas.