bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying relationship management theory to the fundraising process for individual donors
Authors: Waters Richard D. 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the relationships non‐profit organisations develop with their annual giving and major gift donors and to compare the differences between the giving levels.Design/methodology/approachA web‐based survey of individual donors (n=120) to a non‐profit healthcare organisation evaluated their relationships with the organisation using Hon and Grunig's four dimensions of organisation‐public relationships.FindingsTo explore the dynamics of the fundraising process, donors were categorised into two different schema. First, donors were classified as either major gift donors or annual giving donors. With this classification, major gift donors were more likely to have stronger feelings of trust, satisfaction, commitment, and control mutuality with the organisation than annual gift donors did. The second classification divided the donors who have made multiple contributions to the organisation and those who had only made one donation at the time of the study. This study found that donors who gave multiple times to an organisation evaluated the relationship stronger than one‐time donors. Finally, these dimensions were also able to predict past giving behaviour 91 per cent of the time for the participants in this study.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings strengthen the bridge between public relations and fundraising. Additionally, they further validate the organisation‐public relationship measures created by Hon and Grunig, and they demonstrate the indices' ability to predict behaviour.Practical implicationsThe findings stress the importance of donor cultivation within the non‐profit organisation‐donor relationship particularly since the number of non‐profit organisations is rapidly growing and competing for donations. Additionally, the results demonstrate the growing importance of demonstrating financial and social accountability.Originality/valueThe study extends the growing organisation‐public relationship paradigm into a specialisation of public relations that is rarely studied from a social scientific perspective. This study strengthens the reliability and validity of Hon and Grunig's variables as well as strengthening the connection between public relations and fundraising.
Interest‐based negotiation
Authors: Katz Neil H. , Pattarini Nancy M. 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the principles of interest‐based negotiation to communications professionals and provide examples of how the technique can be applied to both the business and practice of public relations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper looks at interest‐based negotiation as an approach for managing differences or overcoming obstacles for the public relations counselor.FindingsThe paper finds that with an understanding of interest‐based negotiation, the public relations counselor can introduce clients to a highly valuable approach for managing differences or overcoming obstacles. Using carefully articulated principles, steps, and techniques, interest‐based negotiation can improve client's ability to establish trust and credibility with stakeholders. The approach also can play a significant role in helping strengthen rapport in the public relations consultant‐client relationship.Originality/valueThe paper provides interesting information on the use of interest‐based negotiation.
A review of business process mining: state‐of‐the‐art and future trends
Authors: Tiwari A. , Turner C.J. , Majeed B. 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the area of business process mining, providing an overview of state‐of‐the‐art techniques. An outline of the main problems experienced in the practice of process mining is given along with reference to work that addresses the most challenging issues experienced in this field. This paper also aims to examine the application of soft computing techniques to process‐mining problems.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a comprehensive review of literature covering more than 50 research papers. These papers are analysed to identify current trends and future research directions in the field.FindingsProcess‐mining techniques are now becoming available as graphical interface‐driven software tools, where flow diagram representations of processes may be manipulated as part of the mining task. A significant number of papers employ mining heuristics to aid in the task of process discovery. Soft computing algorithms are increasingly being investigated to aid the accuracy and speed of mining algorithms. Many papers exist that address common mining problems such as noise and mining loops. However, problems such as duplicate tasks, mining perspectives and delta analysis require further research.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is to provide a summary of the current trends in process‐mining practice and point out future research directions. A review of the work in this new and expanding area has been provided in the form of illustrative graphs and tables that identify the trends in this area. This is the most comprehensive and up‐to‐date review of business process‐mining literature.
Business process outsourcing: an approach to gain access to world‐class capabilities
Authors: Ghodeswar Bhimrao , Vaidyanathan Janardan 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThis paper sets out to review the different types of outsourcing, its drivers and process, and to identify world‐class capabilities that host organisations can leverage.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is primarily based on a review of literature.FindingsOutsourcing helps the organisation to achieve higher levels of value creation for the final customer. Drivers of outsourcing emanate from organisational initiatives, improvement focus, financial and cost objectives, or growth objectives. A wide range of core and non‐core critical business processes are increasingly being outsourced covering a large spectrum of sectors and operations, enabling host organisations to gain access to world‐class capabilities.Originality/valueThis paper identifies critical drivers of outsourcing and the process by reviewing available literature in this area. In doing this an attempt is made to find answers to some fundamental questions. What are the main types and drivers of outsourcing? What are the different phases in the process of outsourcing? This paper discusses in detail the significant drivers and process of outsourcing; and the world‐class capabilities accessible by the host organisation. Case studies are used to illustrate these aspects further.
An evaluation of the value stream mapping tool
Authors: Serrano Lasa Ibon , Ochoa Laburu Carlos , de Castro Vila Rodolfo 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe value stream mapping (VSM) is a tool created by the lean production movement for redesigning the productive systems. Since, it was theoretically developed, some cases have been published where the mentioned tool has been used; however, there is a need to see how it is put into practice, that is to analyze the level in which theory is able to adapt to real practice, the strengths, weaknesses and the key aspects to be taken into account by the applicant teams to obtain the highest performance of the VSM. This paper aims to discuss all of these aspects.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used is a case study of a company in which the process of application of the VSM has been thoroughly analyzed. A team created to improve the productive system of a manufacture for plastic casings for mobile phones has carried out this application.FindingsThe research shows that the VSM is a valuable tool for redesigning the productive systems according to the lean system. Nevertheless, there are some key points for the establishing teams that have to take into account, as follows: the time and training resources spent, the use of suitable information systems and a suitable management of the application phases.Research limitations/implicationsThe conclusions of this research can be reinforced by the monitoring of the application process in more company cases.Practical implicationsThe conclusions of this research are useful for future practitioners, so that they may bear in mind the different aspects of planning projects for redesigning productive systems by using VSM. On the other hand, these conclusions can also be useful for the academic field in order to enhance the theory of VSM.Originality/valueThe paper is a contribution based on practical references according to a thoroughly monitoring of a successful case in establishing VSM.
Modelling strategic actor relationships for risk management in organizations undergoing business process reengineering due to information systems adoption
Authors: Misra Subhas C. , Kumar Uma , Kumar Vinod 
Published: February 2008

PurposeBecause of the competitive economy, organizations today seek to rationalize, innovate and adapt to changing environments and circumstances as part of business process reengineering (BPR) efforts. Irrespective of the process reengineering program selected and the technique used to model it, BPR brings with it the issues of organizational and process changes. Thus, BPR initiatives involve risk taking. Effective management of risks and their prediction and estimation should help in minimizing failures from BPR efforts. Risk management is non‐trivial due to the large uncertainty involved with business success with BPR efforts. Though some attempt has been made to model risk management in enterprise information systems using conventional conceptual modelling techniques, the previous works have analyzed and modeled the same just by addressing “what” a process is like, but do not address “why” the process is the way it is.Design/methodology/approachThe approach presents a new technique for analyzing and modelling early‐phase requirements of organizational risk management that provides the motivations, intents, and rationales behind the entities and activities.FindingsA case study has been considered to illustrate this approach.Originality/valueThe approach is novel in the sense that there is no similar intentional modeling approach for risk management to the best of one's knowledge. The approach is expected to be valuable because by using this approach one can reason about the risks associated with BPR and can incorporate prominently the issues related to risk in the process of systems analysis and design.
Examining the conditions of ERP implementations: lessons learnt from adopters
Authors: Soja Piotr 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThis paper sets out to examine the conditions of enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations on the basis of research conducted among practitioners dealing with ERP projects.Design/methodology/approachThis paper builds on the research conducted among a few dozen practitioners dealing with ERP projects. The queried respondents include both ERP adopters and experts representing system suppliers. The study discusses how the researched projects were linked with enterprise strategy, how their efficiency was measured and to what extent they defined implementation goals. The analysis takes into consideration various types of projects and success levels achieved.FindingsThe results show that adopters experience different conditions depending on the project type. The findings suggest that practitioners should be more focused on the business benefits. The outcome shows that implementers from very complicated projects are more aware of the overwhelming challenge at large, while, on the other hand, the relatively simpler projects seem to be underestimated.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suggests that ERP researchers should take into account the particular type of project being studied. Further research can develop a methodology by which implementation projects can be evaluated. This methodology could cover a broader range of conditions.Practical implicationsIllustrating the conditions of real ERP projects, this study gives insight into the actual problems experienced by the ERP adopters. Drawing on these results, the practitioners may better anticipate possible problems and assess potential threats in their projects.Originality/valueThis paper investigates the conditions that surround the different projects and how they relate to successful performance. These findings will then in turn shed light on the mechanisms that determine the results of ERP.
L(H) ≠ Σ(m1, m2 … mn)
Authors: Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the case that health service leadership is more than the sum total of all the health service management activity observed; and to advocate for improved leadership in health services through an examination of top‐down management structures and processes which “crowd out” leadership behaviours.Design/methodology/approachApplication of historical and contemporary contexts to health service management and health service leadership approaches.FindingsThe neglect of leadership is discussed and the case is put for a tightly‐crafted position on how leadership should be emphasised and raised to greater prominence. Formulae for conceptualising leadership are presented in order to show the constituent elements underpinning clear descriptions of leadership.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research on leadership, and more targeted education for leaders, is needed.Practical implicationsOne way to build leadership capacity is to create a sustainable partnership between health service academics and leaders in the field.Originality/valueDeveloping formulae for framing leadership is not reductionist per se but specifies with precision the essential elements needed to express health services leadership success.
An examination of hospital governance in Ghana
Authors: Aseweh Abor Patience , Abekah‐Nkrumah Gordon , Abor Joshua 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of governance structures in Ghanaian hospitals by comparing the governance systems in public and private hospitals.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a comparative case methodology. It compares the governance structures in private hospitals to that of public hospitals in Ghana to ascertain whether they exhibit different or similar governance systems. The results obtained are analyzed and discussed to ascertain the extent to which the governance structures in these hospitals conform to Taylor's principles of good governance.FindingsThe results of the study revealed numerous differences in the governance structures in private and public hospitals in Ghana. From the review of Taylor's principles of good governance and the comparative case analysis, it was observed that some of the principles are not present in the current hospital governance systems.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper have important implications for proper governance and management of the Ghanaian health institutions.
Detection of Hepatitis A Virus by Using a Combined Cell Culture-Molecular Beacon Assay
Authors: Yeh Hsiao-Yun , Hwang Yu-Chen , Yates Marylynn V. , Mulchandani Ashok , Chen Wilfred 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT
Rapid and efficient methods for the detection and quantification of infectious viruses are required for public health risk assessment. Current methods to detect infectious viruses are based on mammalian cell culture and rely on the production of visible cytopathic effects (CPE). For hepatitis A virus (HAV), viral replication in cell culture has been reported to be nonlytic and relatively slow. It may take more than 1 week to reach the maximum production and subsequent visualization of CPE. A molecular beacon (MB), H1, specifically targeting a 20-bp 5′ noncoding region of HAV, was designed and synthesized. MB H1 was introduced into fixed and permeabilized fetal rhesus monkey kidney (FRhK-4) cells infected with HAV strain HM-175. Upon hybridizing with the viral mRNA, fluorescent cells were visualized easily under a fluorescence microscope. Discernible fluorescence was detected only in infected cells by using the specific MB H1. A nonspecific MB, which was not complementary to the viral RNA sequence, produced no visible fluorescence signal. This MB-based fluorescence assay enabled the direct counting of fluorescent cells and could achieve a detection limit of 1 PFU at 6 h postinfection, demonstrating a significant improvement in viral quantification over current infectivity assays.
Epiphyton as a Niche for Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: Detailed Comparison with Benthic and Pelagic Compartments in Shallow Freshwater Lakes
Authors: Coci M. , Bodelier P. L. E. , Laanbroek H. J. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Next to the benthic and pelagic compartments, the epiphyton of submerged macrophytes may offer an additional niche for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in shallow freshwater lakes. In this study, we explored the potential activities and community compositions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the epiphytic, benthic, and pelagic compartments of seven shallow freshwater lakes which differed in their trophic status, distribution of submerged macrophytes, and restoration history. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses demonstrated that the epiphytic compartment was inhabited by species belonging to cluster 3 of the
Nitrosospira
lineage and to the
Nitrosomonas oligotropha
lineage. Both the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community compositions and the potential activities differed significantly between compartments. Interestingly, both the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community composition and potential activity were influenced by the restoration status of the different lakes investigated.
Enzymatic Permeabilization of the Thecate DinoflagellateAlexandrium minutum(Dinophyceae) Yields Detection of Intracellularly Associated Bacteria via Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Palacios Lucía , Marín Irma 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTThe enzymatic permeabilization procedure described here allows the detection of intracellular bacteria in the thecate dinoflagellateAlexandrium minutumby using catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization. The combined use of propidium iodide and calcofluor for confocal laser scanning microscopy, together with general and specific fluorescent bacterial probes, demonstrated the intracellular presence of bacteria, including members of the phylumBacteroidetes.
Relationship between Solute and Matric Potential Stress, Temperature, Growth, and
FUM1
Gene Expression in Two
Fusarium verticillioides
Strains from Spain
Authors: Jurado Miguel , Marín Patricia , Magan Naresh , González-Jaén Maria Teresa 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to study the effect of ecophysiological factors on fumonisin gene expression and growth in
Fusarium verticillioides
. The effects of ionic and nonionic solute water potentials, matric potential, and temperature on in vitro mycelial growth rates and on expression of the
FUM1
gene, involved in fumonisin biosynthesis, were examined.
FUM1
transcript levels were quantified using a specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) protocol. Low temperature and water stress reduced fungal growth. Water stress increased
FUM1
transcript levels, especially in the case of stress caused by nonionic solute. The temporal kinetic assays showed that water stress had opposite effects on fungal growth versus
FUM1
expression. These results indicate that water stress may be an important factor for fumonisin accumulation, particularly in the later phases of maize colonization when water availability decreases. The quantitative RT-PCR methods described here provide a valuable tool for investigating the ecophysiological basis for fumonisin gene expression and ultimately may lead to more effective control strategies for this important mycotoxigenic pathogen.
Identification and Ecophysiological Characterization of Epiphytic Protein-HydrolyzingSaprospiraceae(“CandidatusEpiflobacter” spp.) in Activated Sludge
Authors: Xia Yun , Kong Yunhong , Thomsen Trine Rolighed , Halkjær Nielsen Per 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTThe identity and ecophysiology of a group of uncultured protein-hydrolyzing epiphytic rods attached to filamentous bacteria in activated sludge from nutrient removal plants were investigated by using the full-cycle rRNA approach combined with microautoradiography and histochemical staining. The epiphytic group consists of three closely related clusters, each containing 11 to 16 clones. The closest related cultured isolate is the type strainHaliscomenobacter hydrossis(ATCC 27775) (<87% similarity) in the familySaprospiraceaeof the phylumBacteroidetes. Oligonucleotide probes at different hierarchical levels were designed for each cluster and used for ecophysiological studies. All three clusters behaved similarly in their physiology and were specialized in protein hydrolysis and used amino acids as energy and carbon sources. They were not involved in denitrification. No storage of polyphosphate and polyhydroxyalkanoates was found. They all colonized probe-defined filamentous bacteria belonging to the phylaChloroflexi,Proteobacteria, and candidate phylum TM7, with the exception of cluster 1, which did not colonize TM7 filaments. The three epiphytic clusters were all widespread in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants with or without biological phosphorus removal, constituting, in total, up to 9% of the bacterial biovolume. A new genus, “CandidatusEpiflobacter,” is proposed for this epiphytic group in activated-sludge treatment plants, where it presumably plays an important role in protein degradation.
Differential Selectivity of the
Escherichia coli
Cell Membrane Shifts the Equilibrium for the Enzyme-Catalyzed Isomerization of Galactose to Tagatose
Authors: Kim Jin-Ha , Lim Byung-Chul , Yeom Soo-Jin , Kim Yeong-Su , Kim Hye-Jung , Lee Jung-Kul , Lee Sook-Hee , Kim Seon-Won , Oh Deok-Kun 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

An
Escherichia coli
galactose kinase gene knockout (Δ
galK
) strain, which contains the
l
-arabinose isomerase gene (
araA
) to isomerize
d
-galactose to
d
-tagatose, showed a high conversion yield of tagatose compared with the original
galK
strain because galactose was not metabolized by endogenous galactose kinase. In whole cells of the Δ
galK
strain, the isomerase-catalyzed reaction exhibited an equilibrium shift toward tagatose, producing a tagatose fraction of 68% at 37°C, whereas the purified
l
-arabinose isomerase gave a tagatose equilibrium fraction of 36%. These equilibrium fractions are close to those predicted from the measured equilibrium constants of the isomerization reaction catalyzed in whole cells and by the purified enzyme. The equilibrium shift in these cells resulted from the higher uptake and lower release rates for galactose, which is a common sugar substrate, than for tagatose, which is a rare sugar product. A Δ
mglB
mutant had decreased uptake rates for galactose and tagatose, indicating that a methylgalactoside transport system, MglABC, is the primary contributing transporter for the sugars. In the present study, whole-cell conversion using differential selectivity of the cell membrane was proposed as a method for shifting the equilibrium in sugar isomerization reactions.