bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raf kinase inhibitor protein positively regulates cell–substratum adhesion while negatively regulating cell–cell adhesion
Authors: Mc Henry Kevin T. , Montesano Roberto , Zhu Shoutian , Beshir Anwar B. , Tang Hui‐Hui , Yeung Kam C. , Fenteany Gabriel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRaf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) regulates a number of cellular processes, including cell migration. Exploring the role of RKIP in cell adhesion, we found that overexpression of RKIP in Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells increases adhesion to the substratum, while decreasing adhesion of the cells to one another. The level of the adherens junction protein E‐cadherin declines profoundly, and there is loss of normal localization of the tight junction protein ZO‐1, while expression of the cell–substratum adhesion protein β1 integrin dramatically increases. The cells also display increased adhesion and spreading on multiple substrata, including collagen, gelatin, fibronectin and laminin. In three‐dimensional culture, RKIP overexpression leads to marked cell elongation and extension of long membrane protrusions into the surrounding matrix, and the cells do not form hollow cysts. RKIP‐overexpressing cells generate considerably more contractile traction force than do control cells. In contrast, RNA interference‐based silencing of RKIP expression results in decreased cell–substratum adhesion in both MDCK and MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Treatment of MDCK and MCF7 cells with locostatin, a direct inhibitor of RKIP and cell migration, also reduces cell–substratum adhesion. Silencing of RKIP expression in MCF7 cells leads to a reduction in the rate of wound closure in a scratch‐wound assay, although not as pronounced as that previously reported for RKIP‐knockdown MDCK cells. These results suggest that RKIP has important roles in the regulation of cell adhesion, positively controlling cell–substratum adhesion while negatively controlling cell–cell adhesion, and underscore the complex functions of RKIP in cell physiology. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 972–985, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factor access to promoter elements
Authors: Morse Randall H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn eukaryotes, transcription factors, including both gene‐specific activators and general transcription factors (GTFs), operate in a chromatin milieu. Here, we review evidence from gene‐specific and genome‐wide studies indicating that chromatin presents an environment that is typically permissive for activator binding, conditional for pre‐initiation complex (PIC) formation, and inhibitory for productive PIC assembly within coding sequences. We also discuss the role of nucleosome dynamics in facilitating access to transcription factors (TFs) in vivo and indicate some of the principal questions raised by recent findings. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 560–570, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foods design and ingredients for satiety: Promises and proof
Authors: Mela David J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere is increasing interest in foods and ingredients claiming benefits for satiety and food intake control. Approaches to food product development include use of ‘traditional’ nutrients and reduced‐energy formulations, and possible ‘functional’ ingredients, for which the level and quality of supporting evidence varies. The underlying scientific principles and some examples are briefly reviewed here. Careful attention needs to be given to the quality of science and interpretations being used to develop and substantiate claims, especially for new innovations.
Analysis of fatty acids by mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode
Authors: Vetter Walter , Thurnhofer Saskia 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGC/EI‐MS‐SIM (gas chromatography / electron ionisation – mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring) can be easily applied to the determination of fatty acids as methyl esters (FAME). SIM masses should have a high relative abundance and for this reason we suggest m/z 74 and m/z 87 for saturated and monoenoic fatty acids as well as m/z 79 and m/z 81 for FAME with more than one double bond. The relevance and ratio of these fragment ions along with GC retention times enables a good identification of a FAME represented by a peak detected in the chromatograms. Compared to GC with a flame ionisation detector, this simple method provides a higher selectivity and better sensitivity. It also offers the possibilities of using a wide range of internal standards which enables the individual quantification of FAME instead of the determination of their contributions to the fatty acid pattern.
Corrosion resistance of hot‐dipped zinc and zinc alloy coated sheet steels under offshore atmospheric environment
Authors: Li Y. , Liu J. , Li Y. , Chu S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe application of hot‐dipped zinc and zinc‐aluminum alloy coatings were introduced. Exposure tests of the steels with these coatings were conducted in the offshore atmosphere in Qingdao and Xiamen for 12 years separately. Effects of the coating thickness, alloy composition and atmospheric environment on the corrosion performance were studied. Results of the onsite exposure tests were compared with the results of a previous indoor salt spray accelerated corrosion tests. The study supports that zinc‐aluminum alloy coatings are useful in providing better corrosion resistance and can be further developed for future applications.
Failure of package boilers in a petrochemical plant
Authors: Gaur B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe paper deals with the failure investigation of furnace‐tubes of a few medium capacity (86 T/H steam generation) package boilers in a petrochemical plant. As a consequence of damage, the boilers required major tube‐repair on urgent basis, and complete tube replacement within a period of two years. Failure of different boilers took place at varying service durations, though all of them had the same design and criteria of operation. The study included metallurgical characterization of the failed components; analysis of operation and process (historical) data; review of inspection and maintenance records; evaluation of design and water‐treatment practices; etc. As a result, water‐side corrosion was attributed to be the cause of tube‐leakage via general and localized corrosion mechanism, while, no metallurgical defects and changes were noticed in the failed components. On the other hand, process and operational abnormalities were diagnosed as the root cause of trouble initiation and propagation. In order to avoid the recurrence of such failures, various preventive measures (inspection, maintenance, operation and process) have been recommended.
Effects of Tafel slope, exchange current density and electrode potential on the corrosion of steel in concrete
Authors: Ge J. , Isgor O.B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of variations in anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes, exchange current densities and electrode potentials on the rate of steel corrosion in concrete. The main goal of this investigation is to identify the parameters that have significant influence on steel corrosion rate. Since there is a degree of uncertainty associated with the selection of these parameters, particularly during modelling exercises, it is intended that the results of this study will provide valuable information to engineers and researchers who simulate steel corrosion in concrete. To achieve this goal, the effect of a parameter on the corrosion rate of steel is studied while all other parameters are kept constant at a predefined base case. For each parameter, two extreme cases of anode‐to‐cathode ratio are studied. The investigation revealed that the variations in the anodic electrode potential have the greatest impact on the corrosion rate, followed by the variations in the cathodic Tafel slope.
Anti‐tarnish treatment of brass for coinage
Authors: Wang P. , Liang C. H. , Zhang J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe anti‐tarnish film was formed on brass for coinage by 1‐phenyl‐5‐mercaptotetrazole (PMTA), which was studied by accelerated corrosion test (metallic coatings‐thioacetamide corrosion test), polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in synthetic sweat solution. The accelerated corrosion test showed that PMTA exhibited better anti‐tarnish performance on brass than that of traditional anti‐tarnish agent benzotriazole (BTA). The polarization measurements showed that PMTA could be classified as a mixed inhibitor for it could restrain both anodic and cathodic reactions. EIS measurements indicated that the inhibition efficiency of PMTA on brass was over 98.4% in synthetic sweat solution. All these results showed that PMTA was an excellent anti‐tarnish agent of the brass for coinage, the optimum treating conditions of which were 0.5 gL−1, pH = 3, 55°C–85°C, 7 min.
SCC of X‐52 and X‐60 weldements in diluted NaHCO3 solutions with chloride and sulfate ions
Authors: Gonzalez‐Rodriguez J.G. , Espinosa‐Medina M.A. , Angeles‐Chavez C. , Zeferino‐Rodriguez T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractStress corrosion cracking tests were performed in both X‐52 and X‐60 weldments in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solutions at 50°C using the Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) technique. Solution concentrations varied between 0.1 to 0.0001 M, and to simulate the NS‐4 solution, chloride (Cl−) and/or sulfate ($\rm SO_{4}^{2-}$) ions were added to the 0.01 M solution. Tests were complemented with hydrogen permeation measurements and polarization curves. It was found that the corrosion rate, taken as the corrosion current, Icorr, was maximum in 0.01 M NaHCO3 and with additions of $\rm SO_{4}^{2-}$ ions. Higher or lower solution concentrations or additions of Cl− alone decreased the corrosion rate of the weldment. The SSC susceptibility, measured as the percentage reduction in area, was maximum in 0.01M NaHCO3. Higher or lower solution concentrations of additions of Cl− or $\rm SO_{4}^{2-}$ decreased the SCC susceptibility of the weldment. The amount of hydrogen uptake for the weldment was also highest in 0.01 M NaHCO3 solution, but it was minimum with the addition of Cl− or $\rm SO_{4}^{2-}$ ions. Thus, the most likely mechanism for the cracking susceptibility of X‐52 and X‐60 weldments in diluted NaHCO3 solutions seems to be hydrogen‐assisted anodic dissolution.
Degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Model Compounds at Constant Elevated Temperature Studied via High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐MS)
Authors: Bennet Francesca , Lovestead Tara M. , Barker Philip J. , Davis Thomas P. , Stenzel Martina H. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe products of the thermal degradation at 95 °C over 10 months of ω‐saturated and non‐saturated poly(methyl methacrylate) (pMMA) model compounds were identified with high accuracy via quadrupole ion trap and quadrupole ion trap‐time of flight (Q‐ToF) mass spectrometry. Analysis of the samples taken via these techniques indicated that degradation of vinyl terminated pMMA proceeds via the incorporation of oxygen via the formation of ethylene oxide type end groups, which subsequently rearrange under the expulsion of formaldehyde and 2‐oxo‐propionic acid methyl ester. The corresponding saturated model compounds were demonstrated to be stable over the same time period. The present findings highlight for the first time that poly(methyl methacrylate) degradation does not necessarily and exclusively proceed via radical intermediates.magnified image
Morphological Analysis of Telechelic Ureidopyrimidone Functional Hydrogen Bonding Linear and Star‐Shaped Poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene)s
Authors: Mather Brian D. , Elkins Casey L. , Beyer Frederick L. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUreidopyrimidone (UPy) end‐functionalized linear and star‐shaped poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene)s (hydrogenated polyisoprene) with molecular weights between 12K and 90K and narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = $\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{{\rm n},}$ < 1.10) were studied with SAXS and AFM. These hydrogen bond end‐functionalized polymers (0.45–1.14 mol.‐% UPy end‐groups) unexpectedly exhibited microphase separated domains with interdomain spacings of approximately 10–15 nm suggesting a solid‐state clustering of the hydrogen bonding end‐groups beyond simple dimerization. The interdomain spacings that were obtained from SAXS measurements systematically increased with molecular weight and decreased for monofunctional oligomers relative to telechelic analogs of the identical molecular weight. Variable temperature AFM measurements confirmed the presence of microphase separation at the surface for the star‐shaped UPy end‐functional poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene) and revealed a decrease in phase contrast upon heating to 130 °C with retention of the microphase separated texture.magnified image
Non‐price rigidity and cost of adjustment
Authors: Müller Georg , Bergen Mark , Dutta Shantanu , Levy Daniel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in understanding how firms undertake non‐price adjustment activities, especially in situations where prices may be rigid despite changes in market conditions. Using scanner price data for over 4500 different food products from a large US supermarket chain, we document periods of rigidity in product additions and deletions: new products are less likely to be introduced, and existing products are less likely to be discontinued during holiday periods than throughout the rest of the year. We argue that this is due to higher costs of undertaking these kinds of product assortment activities during holiday periods. We discuss how this relates to the exiting literature on non‐price adjustment and price rigidity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Search for new antagonist ligands for adenosine receptors from QSAR point of view. How close are we?
Authors: González Maykel Pérez , Terán Carmen , Teijeira Marta 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn view of the large libraries of nucleoside analogues that are now being handled in organic synthesis, the identification of drug biological activity is advisable prior to synthesis and this can be achieved by employing predictive biological property methods. In this sense, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSAR) or docking approaches have emerged as promising tools. Although a large number ofin silicoapproaches have been described in the literature for the prediction of different biological activities, the use of QSAR applications to develop adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists is not common as for the case of the antibiotics and anticancer compounds for instance. The intention of this review is to summarize the present knowledge concerning computational predictions of new molecules as adenosine receptor antagonists. © 2007 Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 3, 329–371, 2008
Mediated electron transfer from lithium investigated voltammetrically in tetrahydrofuran: why are some mediators more effective reducing reagents than others?
Authors: Wood Natasha C. L. , Paddon Christopher A. , Bhatti Farrah L. , Donohoe Timothy J. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA study of a range of aromatic molecules is investigated electrochemically to determine what makes an effective reducing mediator. With the aim of developing a better understanding of electron transfers (ETs) mediated from lithium in functional group reduction, a series of single ET reactions are reported in this paper. Typical reaction conditions involved the use of aromatic mediators such as naphthalene, anthracene, 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl (DBB) with lithium metal in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at −78 °C. The results of these experiments showed that some mediators were more effective reducing reagents than others. Cryoelectrochemical procedures are used to mimic the conditions of the SET reactions in order to investigate the exact nature and role of the mediator formed upon ET. It is demonstrated that electro‐generated and stabilized radical anions of anthracene at −78 °C mediate the reduction of organic substrates, whereas the more reactive dianion is quickly protonated and therefore unable to act as an ET reagent; direct electrochemical reduction of the sulfide, phenyl 3‐phenylpropylsulfide (RSPh) gives the thiol, thiophenol, and propyl benzene whereas mediated reduction gives the dimer, diphenyl disulfide and propyl benzene. The possibility to selectively reduce a substrate with either a single electron or with two electrons is possible by using either the radical anion (mediated) or via the direct electroreduction. DBB and naphthalene (both single electron accepting species only) have been found to be the most effective reducing reagents in this study. Anthracene and other two‐electron accepting species only showed effective reducing ability when a stoichiometric amount of lithium was used therefore preventing the ‘over‐reduction’ to the dianion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleobases modified azo‐polysiloxanes, materials with potential application in biomolecules nanomanipulation
Authors: Hurduc Nicolae , Enea Ramona , Scutaru Dan , Sacarescu Liviu , Donose Bogdan C. , Nguyen Anh V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHere we show the possibility to obtain azopolysiloxanes modified with nucleobases (adenine and thymine) with potential application in immobilization and nanomanipulation of biomolecules. We propose a photofluidization mechanism based on the concept of the conformational instability, which can explain the presence of the fluid state below the glass transition. The azopolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, DTG, UV spectroscopy, AFM analysis, and molecular simulations. Depending on the type of nucleobase used, the surface of the azopolysiloxane film can be structured in different ways under UV irradiation. Photoisomerization studies in solid state were carried out to demonstrate the influence of the operational conditions (presence or absence of natural visible light) on the polymeric film UV response. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4240–4248, 2007
Nanocomposites through copolymerization of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and methyl methacrylate
Authors: Amir Noa , Levina Anastasia , Silverstein Michael S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe mechanical properties and thermal stability of polymers can be enhanced through the formation of nanocomposites. Nanocomposites consisting of hybrid copolymers of methacrylcyclohexyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS‐1) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with up to 92 wt % (51 mol %) POSS‐1 and with superior thermal properties were synthesized using solution polymerization. The POSS‐1 contents of the copolymers were similar to or slightly higher than those in the feeds, the polydispersity indices were relatively low, and the degree of polymerization decreased with increasing POSS‐1 content. POSS‐1 enhanced the thermal stability, increasing the degradation temperature, reducing the mass loss, and preventing PMMA‐like degradation from propagating along the chain. The mass loss was reduced in a high POSS‐1 content copolymer since the polymerization of POSS‐1 with itself reduced sublimation. Exposure to 450 °C produced cyclohexyl‐POSS‐like remnants in the POSS‐1 monomer and in all the copolymers. The degradation of these remnants, for the copolymers and for the POSS‐1 monomer, yielded 75% SiO2 and an oxidized carbonaceous residue. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4264–4275, 2007
Synthesis, characterization, and crosslinking of methacrylate‐telechelic PDMAAm‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PDMAAm copolymers
Authors: Karunakaran Radhakrishnan , Kennedy Joseph P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and molecular characterization of a new amphiphilic conetwork (APCN) designed for silicone hydrogel use is described. The synthesis strategy, outlined in Scheme 1, calls for the preparation, by the RAFT technique, of a new methacrylate‐telechelic amphiphilic pentablock, MA‐PHEA‐b‐PDMAAM‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PDMAAm‐b‐PHEA‐MA, and its crosslinking to the target APCN. The sketch shows the architecture of the APCN (dotted lines, PDMAAm; solid lines, PDMS; clusters, MA‐based crosslinking sites; see Fig. 3). All six synthesis steps proceed smoothly and efficiently, and the products are optically clear, colorless membranes exhibiting properties appropriate for ophthalmic use. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4284–4290, 2007
Remote Plasma Deposited Silicon Dioxide‐Like Film Densification by Means of RF Substrate Biasing: Film Chemistry and Morphology
Authors: Milella Antonella , Creatore Mariadriana , Blauw Michiel A. , van de Sanden Marius C. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSilicon dioxide‐like films were deposited from a mixture of O2/hexamethyldisiloxane injected in an Ar‐fed expanding thermal plasma. In order to increase the film density, a radiofrequency (rf, 13.56 MHz) external substrate biasing was applied during deposition, thus delivering ion bombardment during film growth. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the film densification at increasing substrate bias occurs via condensation of silanol groups to form SiOSi bridges, accompanied by a decrease of the disorder in the film network. Ion bombardment leads also to the smoothening of film surface as quantified by atomic force microscopy measurements, which point out to a decrease in film root mean square roughness by as much as 80% (0.19 nm).magnified image
Twenty Years of Hakone Symposia: From Basic Plasma Chemistry to Billion Dollar Markets
Authors: Kogelschatz Ulrich 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe progress of atmospheric‐pressure non‐thermal plasma technology since the first Hakone symposium in 1987, later referred to as Hakone I, is summarized. Advances in the fundamental understanding of the discharge physics of corona discharges and of dielectric barrier discharges led to a number of technical developments that resulted in improved industrial processes and novel products including excimer‐based ultraviolet sources and fluorescent lamps, and flat large‐area plasma display panels using Xe vacuum ultraviolet radiation. The newly established markets surpass the original market of ozone generators by two orders of magnitude. Recent research activities devoted to microcavity plasma devices address an entirely new realm of discharge physics with fascinating new applications.magnified image