bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable Online Monitoring of Metric First-Order Temporal Logic
Authors: Lima Leonardo , Huerta y Munive Jonathan Julián , Traytel Dmitriy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetric first-order temporal logic (MFOTL) is an expressive formalism for specifying temporal and data-dependent constraints on streams of time-stamped, data-carrying events. It serves as the specification language of several runtime monitors. These monitors input an MFOTL formula and an event stream prefix and output satisfying assignments to the formula’s free variables. For complex formulas, it may be unclear why a certain assignment is output. We propose an approach that accompanies assignments with detailed explanations, in the form of proof trees. We develop a new monitor that outputs such explanations. Our tool incorporates a formally verified checker that certifies the explanations and a visualization that allows users to interactively explore and understand the outputs.
Automate where Automation Fails: Proof Strategies for Frama-C/WP
Authors: Correnson Loïc , Blanchard Allan , Djoudi Adel , Kosmatov Nikolai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractModern deductive verification tools succeed in automatically proving the great majority of program annotations thanks in particular to constantly evolving SMT solvers they rely on. The remaining proof goals still require interactively created proof scripts. This tool demo paper presents a new solution for an automatic creation of proof scripts in /, a popular deductive verifier for C programs. The verification engineer defines a proof strategy describing several initial proof steps, from which proof scripts are automatically generated and applied. Our experiments on a large real-life industrial project confirm that the new proof strategy engine strongly facilitates the verification process by automating the creation of proof scripts, thus increasing the potential of industrial applications of deductive verification on large code bases.
Search for hidden neutrinos at the European Spallation Source: the SHiNESS experiment
Authors:   The SHiNESS experiment, Soleti Stefano Roberto , Coloma Pilar , Gómez Cadenas Juan José , Cabrera Anatael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The upcoming European Spallation Source (ESS) will soon provide the most intense neutrino source in the world. We propose the Search for Hidden Neutrinos at the ESS (SHiNESS) experiment, highlighting its unique opportunities to search for the existence of sterile neutrinos across a wide range of scales: anomalous oscillations at short baselines; non-unitarity mixing in the active neutrino sector; or an excess of events with multiple leptons in the final state, produced in the decay of heavy neutrinos. The baseline design of the detector comprises an active volume filled with 42 ton of liquid scintillator, located 25 m far from the ESS beam target. We show that SHiNESS will be able to considerably improve current global limits for the three cases outlined above. Although in this work we focus on new physics in the neutrino sector, the proposed setup may also be used to search for signals from weakly interacting particles in a broader context.
Polarised cross sections for vector boson production with Sherpa
Authors: Hoppe Mareen , Schönherr Marek , Siegert Frank 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Measurements of vector boson polarisation in vector boson production processes offer a powerful probe of the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism, scrutinising the Standard Model and new physics scenarios alike. Since massive vector bosons can only be observed as intermediate particles, polarised cross section templates from simulation are necessary to extract their polarisation from measurable unpolarised distributions. In this work we present an extension of the Sherpa Monte-Carlo event generator allowing the simulation of polarised cross sections for vector boson production processes. Based on the narrow-width approximation, polarised cross sections of all possible polarisation combinations for an arbitrary number of intermediate vector bosons can be simulated in a single simulation run. In addition, it is possible to directly predict the interference between different intermediate polarisation states, and various differing polarisation definitions can be studied simultaneously. Besides the simulation of polarised cross sections at fixed LO and LO+PS accuracy as well as in multijet-merged calculations, we also present parton-shower-matched polarised cross sections with approximate NLO QCD corrections in the vector boson production processes. We demonstrate that the differences of this approximation to full NLO QCD predictions are small and it thus opens up the possibility for fully-simulated calculations at the hadron level including polarisation information and higher-order QCD effects for the first time.
On the IR divergences in de Sitter space: loops, resummation and the semi-classical wavefunction
Authors: Céspedes Sebastián , Davis Anne-Christine , Wang Dong-Gang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we revisit the infrared (IR) divergences in de Sitter (dS) space using the wavefunction method, and explicitly explore how the resummation of higher-order loops leads to the stochastic formalism. In light of recent developments of the cosmological bootstrap, we track the behaviour of these nontrivial IR effects from perturbation theory to the non-perturbative regime. Specifically, we first examine the perturbative computation of wavefunction coefficients, and show that there is a clear distinction between classical components from tree-level diagrams and quantum ones from loop processes. Cosmological correlators at loop level receive contributions from tree-level wavefunction coefficients, which we dub classical loops. This distinction significantly simplifies the analysis of loop-level IR divergences, as we find the leading contributions always come from these classical loops. Then we compare with correlators from the perturbative stochastic computation, and find the results there are essentially the ones from classical loops, while quantum loops are only present as subleading corrections. This demonstrates that the leading IR effects are contained in the semi-classical wavefunction which is a resummation of all the tree-level diagrams. With this insight, we go beyond perturbation theory and present a new derivation of the stochastic formalism using the saddle-point approximation. We show that the Fokker-Planck equation follows as a consequence of two effects: the drift from the Schrödinger equation that describes the bulk time evolution, and the diffusion from the Polchinski’s equation which corresponds to the exact renormalization group flow of the coarse-grained theory on the boundary. Our analysis highlights the precise and simple link between the stochastic formalism and the semi-classical wavefunction.
Zero-bin subtraction and the qT spectrum beyond leading power
Authors: Ferrera Giancarlo , Ju Wan-Li , Schönherr Marek 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present an algorithm to construct the qT distribution at NLO accuracy to arbitrary power precision, including the assembly of suitable zero-bin subtrahends, in a mathematically well-defined way for a generic choice of rapidity-divergence regularisation prescription. In its derivation, we divide the phase space into two sectors, the interior of the integration domain as well as the integration boundary, which we include here for the first time. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of our algorithm, we calculate the N2LP corrections for Higgs hadroproduction for the first time. We observe that our approximate N2LP-accurate qT spectra replicate the asymptotic behaviour of the full QCD calculation to a much better degree than the previously available results, both within the qT → 0 limit and in the large-qT domain for all the involved partonic processes. While playing a minor role at larger transverse momenta, we show that the newly incorporated boundary contribution plays a vital role in the qT → 0 limit, where any subleading power accuracy would be lost without them. In particular, our N2LP-accurate qT expansion can approximate the exact qT distribution up to qT ≈ 30 GeV at the percent level for rapidities |YH| ≲ 3.
Covariant action for self-dual p-form gauge fields in general spacetimes
Authors: Hull C.M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sen’s action for a p-form gauge field with self-dual field strength coupled to a spacetime metric g involves an explicit Minkowski metric and the presence of this raises questions as to whether the action is coordinate independent and whether it can be used on a general spacetime manifold. A natural generalisation of Sen’s action is presented in which the Minkowski metric is replaced by a second metric $$\overline{g }$$ on spacetime. The theory is covariant and can be formulated on any spacetime. The theory describes a physical sector, consisting of the chiral p-form gauge field coupled to the dynamical metric g, plus a shadow sector consisting of a second chiral p-form and the second metric $$\overline{g }$$. The fields in this shadow sector only couple to each other and have no interactions with the physical sector, so that they decouple from the physical sector. The resulting theory is covariant and can be formulated on any spacetime. Explicit expressions are found for the interactions and extensions to include interactions with other physical fields or higher-derivative field equations are given. A spacetime with two metrics has some interesting geometry and some of this is explored here and used in the construction of the interactions. The action has two diffeomorphism-like symmetries, one acting only on the physical sector and one acting only on the shadow sector, with the spacetime diffeomorphism symmetry arising as the diagonal subgroup. This allows a further generalisation in which $$\overline{g }$$ is not a tensor field but is instead a gauge field whose transition functions involve the usual coordinate transformation together with a shadow sector gauge transformation.
Evidence for cemented TKA and THA based on a comparison of international register data
Authors: Humez Martina , Kötter Katharina , Skripitz Ralf , Kühn Klaus-Dieter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Hip and knee implants can either be fixed without cement, press-fit, or with bone cement. Real-world data from arthroplasty registers, as well as studies provide a broad database for the discussion of cemented versus uncemented arthroplasty procedures.

Objective
What does current evidence from international arthroplasty registries and meta-analyses recommend regarding cemented or cementless fixation of hip and knee implants?

Methods
A recommendation is generated by means of direct data comparison from the arthroplasty registries of eight countries (USA, Germany, Australia, UK, Sweden, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands), the comparison of 22 review studies and meta-analyses based on registry data, as well as an evaluation of recommendations of healthcare systems from different nations. For this purpose, reviews and meta-analyses were selected where the results were statistically significant, as were the annual reports of the arthroplasty registries that were current at the time of writing.

Results
For knee arthroplasties, long survival time as well as lower risk of revision can be achieved with the support of cemented fixation with antibiotic-loaded bone cement. In patients aged 70 years and older, cemented fixation of hip stem implants significantly reduces risk of intraoperative or postoperative periprosthetic fracture (quadruple). This applies both to elective total hip arthroplasties and to hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fractures. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement significantly (p = 0.041) reduces the risk of periprosthetic infection, especially in patients with femoral neck fractures.

Conclusion
Total knee replacement with antibiotic-loaded bone cement is well established internationally and is evidence-based. Registry data and meta-analyses recommend cemented fixation of the hip stem in older patients. In Germany, USA and Australia these evidence-based recommendations still must be transferred to daily practice.

Graphic abstract
Experimental and numerical optimization of deep drawing process parameters for square medical container design with the Taguchi method
Authors: Taşkın Aleyna , Dengiz Cengiz Görkem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMedical containers that sterilize surgical instruments are constantly needed in the healthcare industry. In line with this need, improvements in the fabrication of medical containers are important. Determining the design factors of medical containers fabricated by deep drawing saves time and cost. This study determined, the design factors of square medical containers and experimentally verified the deep drawing process modeled in Abaqus/Explicit finite element (FE) software. Taguchi statistical method was used to reduce the number of experiments. Blank holder force (BHF), punch radius (RP), die radius (RD), coefficient of friction between die and blank (µDB), coefficient of friction between punch and blank (µPB), coefficient of friction between holder and blank (µHB) as variable factors while selecting thickness reduction (TR) and maximum punch force (PF) were selected as output parameters. The effect of variable factors on the output parameters was determined by ANOVA analysis. As a result of the examinations, it was deter-mined that TR and PF increased as BHF, µDB and µHB values increased, whereas they decreased as RP and RD increased. On the other hand, it was determined that TR decreased and PF increased as µPB increased. In addition, the corners of the sheets were chamfered in different sizes to prevent the formation of ears in the containers. Finally, the appropriate chamfer size was determined by examining the sheet thicknesses.
Deep Learning for Automated Measurement of Total Cardiac Volume for Heart Transplantation Size Matching
Authors: Szugye Nicholas A. , Mahalingam Neeraja , Somasundaram Elanchezhian , Villa Chet , Segala Jim , Segala Michael , Zafar Farhan , Morales David L. S. , Moore Ryan A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Total Cardiac Volume (TCV)-based size matching using Computed Tomography (CT) is a novel technique to compare donor and recipient heart size in pediatric heart transplant that may increase overall utilization of available grafts. TCV requires manual segmentation, which limits its widespread use due to time and specialized software and training needed for segmentation. This study aims to determine the accuracy of a Deep Learning (DL) approach using 3-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN) to calculate TCV, with the clinical aim of enabling fast and accurate TCV use at all transplant centers. Ground truth TCV was segmented on CT scans of subjects aged 0–30 years, identified retrospectively. Ground truth segmentation masks were used to train and test a custom 3D-CNN model consisting of a DenseNet architecture in combination with residual blocks of ResNet architecture. The model was trained on a cohort of 270 subjects and a validation cohort of 44 subjects (36 normal, 8 heart disease retained for model testing). The average Dice similarity coefficient of the validation cohort was 0.94 ± 0.03 (range 0.84–0.97). The mean absolute percent error of TCV estimation was 5.5%. There is no significant association between model accuracy and subject age, weight, or height. DL-TCV was on average more accurate for normal hearts than those listed for transplant (mean absolute percent error 4.5 ± 3.9 vs. 10.5 ± 8.5, p = 0.08). A deep learning-based 3D-CNN model can provide accurate automatic measurement of TCV from CT images. This initial study is limited as a single-center study, though future multicenter studies may enable generalizable and more accurate TCV measurement by inclusion of more diverse cardiac pathology and increasing the training data.
Unraveling the complexities of a highly heterogeneous aquifer under convergent radial flow conditions
Authors: Brunetti Guglielmo Federico Antonio , Maiolo Mario , Fallico Carmine , Severino Gerardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUntangling flow and mass transport in aquifers is essential for effective water management and protection. However, understanding the mechanisms underlying such phenomena is challenging, particularly in highly heterogeneous natural aquifers. Past research has been limited by the lack of dense data series and experimental models that provide precise knowledge of such aquifer characteristics. To bridge this gap and advance our current understanding, we present the findings of a pioneering experimental investigation that characterizes a unique, strongly heterogeneous, laboratory-constructed phreatic aquifer at an intermediate scale under radial flow conditions. This strong heterogeneity was achieved by randomly distributing 2527 cells across 7 layers, each filled with one of 12 different soil mixtures, with their textural characteristics, porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity measured in the laboratory. We placed 37 fully penetrating piezometers radially at varying distances from the central pumping well, allowing for an extensive pumping test campaign to obtain saturated hydraulic conductivity values for each piezometer location and scaling laws along eight directions. Results reveal that the aquifer’s strong heterogeneity led to significant vertical and directional anisotropy in saturated hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrated for the first time that the porous medium tends toward homogeneity when transitioning from the scale of heterogeneity to the scale of investigation. These novel findings, obtained on a uniquely highly heterogeneous aquifer, contribute to the field and provide valuable insights for researchers studying flow and mass transport phenomena. The comprehensive dataset obtained will serve as a foundation for future research and as a tool to validate findings from previous studies on strongly heterogeneous aquifers.
Aktuelle Zahlen zur rheumatologischen Versorgung – Jahresbericht aus der Kerndokumentation der regionalen kooperativen Rheumazentren
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , Thiele Katja , Alexander Tobias , Aringer Martin , Eidner Thorsten , Henes Jörg , Hoese Guido , Karberg Kirsten , Kiltz Uta , Krause Andreas , Ochs Wolfgang , Richter Jutta G , Späthling-Mestekemper Susanna , Steinmüller Mirko , Wassenberg Siegfried , Strangfeld Anja , Callhoff Johanna 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Kerndokumentation der regionalen kooperativen Rheumazentren erfasst seit 1993 jährlich Daten zur rheumatologischen Versorgung von Patient:innen mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen. In diesem erstmals erscheinenden Jahresbericht werden aktuelle Querschnittsdaten zur Medikation und zu patientenberichteten Outcomes vorgestellt, die im Jahr 2022 erhoben wurden.
ChatGPT vs. neurologists: a cross-sectional study investigating preference, satisfaction ratings and perceived empathy in responses among people living with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Maida Elisabetta , Moccia Marcello , Palladino Raffaele , Borriello Giovanna , Affinito Giuseppina , Clerico Marinella , Repice Anna Maria , Di Sapio Alessia , Iodice Rosa , Spiezia Antonio Luca , Sparaco Maddalena , Miele Giuseppina , Bile Floriana , Scandurra Cristiano , Ferraro Diana , Stromillo Maria Laura , Docimo Renato , De Martino Antonio , Mancinelli Luca , Abbadessa Gianmarco , Smolik Krzysztof , Lorusso Lorenzo , Leone Maurizio , Leveraro Elisa , Lauro Francesca , Trojsi Francesca , Streito Lidia Mislin , Gabriele Francesca , Marinelli Fabiana , Ianniello Antonio , De Santis Federica , Foschi Matteo , De Stefano Nicola , Morra Vincenzo Brescia , Bisecco Alvino , Coghe Giancarlo , Cocco Eleonora , Romoli Michele , Corea Francesco , Leocani Letizia , Frau Jessica , Sacco Simona , Inglese Matilde , Carotenuto Antonio , Lanzillo Roberta , Padovani Alessandro , Triassi Maria , Bonavita Simona , Lavorgna Luigi ,   Digital Technologies, Web, Social Media Study Group of the Italian Society of Neurology (SIN)
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
ChatGPT is an open-source natural language processing software that replies to users’ queries. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess people living with Multiple Sclerosis’ (PwMS) preferences, satisfaction, and empathy toward two alternate responses to four frequently-asked questions, one authored by a group of neurologists, the other by ChatGPT.

Methods
An online form was sent through digital communication platforms. PwMS were blind to the author of each response and were asked to express their preference for each alternate response to the four questions. The overall satisfaction was assessed using a Likert scale (1–5); the Consultation and Relational Empathy scale was employed to assess perceived empathy.

Results
We included 1133 PwMS (age, 45.26 ± 11.50 years; females, 68.49%). ChatGPT’s responses showed significantly higher empathy scores (Coeff = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.65, 2.11; p > z < 0.01), when compared with neurologists’ responses. No association was found between ChatGPT’ responses and mean satisfaction (Coeff = 0.03; 95% CI = − 0.01, 0.07; p = 0.157). College graduate, when compared with high school education responder, had significantly lower likelihood to prefer ChatGPT response (IRR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.79, 0.95; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
ChatGPT-authored responses provided higher empathy than neurologists. Although AI holds potential, physicians should prepare to interact with increasingly digitized patients and guide them on responsible AI use. Future development should consider tailoring AIs’ responses to individual characteristics. Within the progressive digitalization of the population, ChatGPT could emerge as a helpful support in healthcare management rather than an alternative.
An algorithm-based technique for counting mitochondria in cells using immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections
Authors: Sakashita Mai , Motoi Noriko , Yamamoto Gaku , Gambe Emi , Suzuki Masanori , Yoshida Yukihiro , Watanabe Shun-ichi , Takazawa Yutaka , Aoki Kazunori , Ochiai Atsushi , Sakashita Shingo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Visualizing mitochondria in cancer cells from human pathological specimens may improve our understanding of cancer biology. However, using immunohistochemistry to evaluate mitochondria remains difficult because almost all cells contain mitochondria and the number of mitochondria per cell may have important effects on mitochondrial function. Herein, we established an objective system (Mito-score) for evaluating mitochondria using machine-based processing of hue, saturation, and value color spaces.

Methods
The Mito-score was defined as the number of COX4 (mitochondrial inner membrane) immunohistochemistry-positive pixels divided by the number of nuclei per cell. The system was validated using four lung cancer cell lines, normal tissues, and lung cancer tissues (199 cases).

Results
The Mito-score correlated with MitoTracker, a fluorescent dye used to selectively label and visualize mitochondria within cells under a microscope (R2 = 0.68) and with the number of mitochondria counted using electron microscopy (R2 = 0.79). Histologically, the Mito-score of small cell carcinoma (57.25) was significantly lower than that of adenocarcinoma (147.5, p < 0.0001), squamous cell carcinoma (120.6, p = 0.0004), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (111.8, p = 0.002).

Conclusion
The Mito-score method enables the analysis of the mitochondrial status of human formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and may provide insights into the metabolic status of cancer.