bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews
Authors: Smith Preston G. 
Published: March 2006

These reviews remind us that although they are aimed at helping you reach a purchase decision on the book, perhaps more importantly, they are intended to enlighten you in emerging areas of product and service development. New books are perfect for learning about new trends or extensions of the knowledge base, and they allow you to delve into allied areas that are likely to affect your career in product innovation.Thus, Ruediger Klein reviews our first non‐English book, which will expose non‐German readers to a German view of software management and product management. Carla Kuesten gives us an in‐depth view of a single industry—the food industry—with lessons that readers can probably translate to their field. For future issues, we have a lawyer reviewing books on intellectual property protection, and another review will cover current topics in China regarding product development.Please let us know of other tangents we should be covering. Books reviewed in this issue:

The PDMA ToolBook 2 for New Product Development
Democratizing Innovation
The Business of Software
Software‐Produkt‐Management
New Food Product Development: From Concept to Marketplace
Large Radiofrequency Ablation Lesions Can Be Created with a Retractable Infusion‐Needle Catheter
Authors: SAPP JOHN L. , COOPER JOSHUA M. , ZEI PAUL , STEVENSON WILLIAM G. 
Published: March 2006

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia is sometimes limited by inadequate lesion depth. We report the use of a novel retractable needle‐tipped electrode catheter with intramyocardial (IM) saline infusion and IM RF energy delivery to create large myocardial ablation lesions. Methods: The left ventricle was entered via the femoral artery in 6 and 11 anesthetized goats and swine (32–90 kg) with an 8‐F electrode catheter with an extendable 27‐gauge needle at the tip (modified for RF ablation by making the needle electrically active). The needle was advanced 5–7 mm intramyocardially and 0.9% saline was infused 1 mL/min × 60 seconds prior to, and throughout a 120‐second application of RF via the active needle, with power titrated to 12 W for 9 lesions, and 30–40 W for 37 lesions, followed by a 120‐second RF application using the 4‐mm‐tip electrode, with power titrated to achieve a 10‐Ω decrease in impedance. Needle/saline lesions were compared to 18 standard 4‐mm‐tip control lesions (power titrated to ≤50 W, to achieve a 10‐Ω impedance decrease or limited to 60°C) and to 17 irrigated 3.5‐mm‐tip lesions (power titrated to ≤50 W, temperature limited to 50°C, 30 mL/min infusion rate). Lesions were identified in the excised heart, fixed, serially sectioned from the endocardium, and digitally analyzed to calculate volume. Results: Lesions were homogeneous and had distinct borders. Compared to 4‐mm‐tip and irrigated‐tip lesions, high‐power needle/saline lesions were significantly deeper (13 ± 2 vs 5 ± 1 and 8 ± 3 mm, P < 0.001), had significantly larger volumes (1,700 ± 750 vs 240 ± 170 and 750 ± 650 mm3, P < 0.001), and had larger cross‐sectional area at each millimeter depth beyond the 1 mm (P < 0.01). Conclusions: IM saline infusion and IM RF energy delivery markedly increase RF lesion size as compared to standard RF ablation and is feasible with a percutaneous catheter. This method warrants further investigation because of its potential clinical utility.
Results of the Multicenter RENEWAL® 3 AVT Clinical Study of Cardiac Resynchronization Defibrillator Therapy in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: SAXON LESLIE A. , GREENFIELD RUTH ANN , CRANDALL BRIAN G. , NYDEGGER CHARLES C. , ORLOV MICHAEL , VAN GENDEREN RHONDA 
Published: March 2006

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation impacts the clinical course of up to 50% of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) who are eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT‐D). While RV‐based defibrillators are available with advanced atrial diagnostics and therapies that provide rapid diagnosis and treatment of spontaneously occurring atrial tachycardia/fibrillation (AT/AF) episodes, there is no CRT‐D device that combines atrial/ventricular and CRT therapies. Purpose: The purpose of the prospective multicenter RENEWAL® 3 AVT study is to assess the performance of atrial diagnostics and therapies used in combination with a CRT‐D device. Methods: Enrolled patients were required to have indications for a CRT‐D device and a documented episode of AT/AF within 12 months of enrollment. A total of 170 patients were enrolled over 9 months (85% male; mean age 72 ± 10 years; NYHA classification: 88% III, 12% IV; left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] mean 23 ± 6%; mean QRS duration 150 ± 25 msec; 78% ischemic etiology). The documented atrial arrhythmia was AF in 77% of patients. A total of 60% of patients had the CRT‐D device placed for primary prevention of sudden death and 40% of patients had a history of ventricular arrhythmia in addition to HF. The device operates in the biventricular (BiV) triggered mode for sensed ventricular events associated with AF. Results: A total of 159 patients (95%) had a successful CRT‐D implant. Over a mean follow‐up of 5.7 ± 2.3 months, there were a total of 152 atrial shocks delivered in 108 patients for induced (93%) or spontaneous (7%) occurring episodes of AF. Spontaneously occurring AF was observed in 40 patients (25%). The rate of first shock conversion was 118/152 (78%, mean energy 11.6 ± 5.9 J). Overall shock therapy conversion rate was 138/152 (91%). The number of shock conversions resulting in sinus rhythm maintained for at least 2 minutes postshock was 87% for induced episodes. Therapy was delivered for spontaneous ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation in nine patients (6%). There was no instance of ventricular proarrhythmia associated with atrial shock therapies, undersensing of ventricular arrhythmias, or interruption of CRT therapy associated with the combined device. Conclusions: In CRT‐D candidates with a history of AF, 25% experience recurrent AF within 6 months of implant. Atrial detection and ventricular detection, shock, and resynchronization therapies are not compromised by the addition of atrial therapies to a CRT‐D device.
Characterizing Dual Atrioventricular Nodal Physiology in Pediatric Patients with Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: BLURTON DOMINIC J. , DUBIN ANNE M. , CHIESA NANCY A. , VAN HARE GEORGE F. , COLLINS KATHRYN K. 
Published: March 2006

Introduction: Dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal physiology, defined as an AH jump ≥50 msec with a 10 msec decrease in A1A2, is the substrate for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and yet it is present in a minority of pediatric patients with AVNRT. Our objective was to characterize dual AV nodal physiology as it pertains to a pediatric population. Methods/Results: We retrospectively reviewed invasive electrophysiology studies in 92 patients with AVNRT (age12.1 ± 3.7 yrs) and in 46 controls without AVNRT (age 13.3 ± 3.7 yrs). Diagnoses in controls: syncope (N = 31), palpitations (N = 6), atrial flutter (N = 3), history of atrial tachycardia with no inducible arrhythmia (N = 3), and ventricular tachycardia (N = 3). General anesthesia was used in 49% of AVNRT and 52% of controls, P = 0.86. There were no differences in PR, AH, HV, or AV block cycle length. With A1A2 atrial stimulation, AVNRT patients had a significantly longer maximum AH achieved (324 ± 104 msec vs 255 ± 67 msec, P = 0.001), and a shorter AVNERP (276 ± 49 msec vs 313 ± 68 msec P = 0.0005). An AH jump ≥50 msec was found in 42% of AVNRT versus 30% of controls (P = 0.2). Using a ROC graph we found that an AH jump of any size is a poor predictor of AVNRT. With atrial overdrive pacing, PR ≥ RR was seen more commonly in AVNRT versus controls, (55/91(60%) vs 6/46 (13%) P = 0.000). Conclusions: Neither the common definition of dual AV nodes or redefining an AH jump as some value <50 msec are reliable methods to define dual AV nodes or to predict AVNRT in pediatric patients. PR ≥ RR is a relatively good predictor of AVNRT.
Saliva of patients with Type 1 diabetes: effect of smoking on activity of lysosomal exoglycosidases
Authors: Knas M , Karaszewska K , Szajda SD , Zarzycki W , Dudzik D , Zwierz K 
Published: March 2006

Objective:  The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of smoking on the activity of N‐acetyl‐β‐hexosaminidase (HEX), its isoenzymes A (HEX‐A) and B (HEX‐B) and β‐galactosidase (GAL), in the saliva of patients with Type 1 diabetes.Methods:  In the supernatant HEX and its isoenzymes A and B, and β‐galactosidase were determined by the method of Chatteriee et al in modification of Zwierz et al (mKat kg−1 of protein). Protein was determined by the Lowry et al method (mg ml−1).Results:  The results presented here suggest that diabetes and smoking modify activity of HEX and its isoenzymes, but only combination of diabetes and smoking give a significant increase in the specific activity of HEX and its isoenzymes.Conclusions:  Type 1 diabetes slightly changes the composition of saliva. Smoking cigarettes significantly modifies the composition and properties of saliva in healthy individuals and patients with Type 1 diabetes.
Serum IgE levels in neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Geller M. , Ribeiro M. G. , de Q.C. Araújo A. P. , de Oliveira L. J. B. , Nunes F. P. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryA descriptive case study was performed on 75 patients with NF1 (neurofibromatosis type 1) from the CNNF (Brazil) database. Serum IgE levels were determined using the IgE radioimmunosorbent test, with the reference values of 75–502 IU mL−1. The patients were divided into groups, with 25 patients presenting plexiform neurofibromas, 25 presenting neurofibromas and 25 presenting no neurofibromas. The purposes of this study were to determine the serum IgE levels of patients with NF1 presenting plexiform neurofibromas, neurofibromas and no neurofibromas, as well as to determine possible correlations between serum IgE levels and the size of the plexiform neurofibromas and neurofibromas presented by these patients. Elevated serum IgE levels were observed in all the patient groups. We did not observe a correlation between IgE levels and age in these patients; however, we did observe correlations between IgE levels and neurofibroma and plexiform neurofibroma size. We suggest further studies to confirm these results and to investigate in greater depth the possible role of IgE in the development and growth of neurofibromas and plexiform neurofibromas in NF1.
A91V perforin variation in healthy subjects and FHLH patients
Authors: Busiello R. , Fimiani G. , Miano M. G. , Aricò M. , Santoro A. , Ursini M. V. , Pignata C. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryFamilial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is a heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyperactivation of monocytes/macrophages. Perforin (PRF1) gene alterations have been documented in 40% of patients with FHLH. Although several mutations have been identified, a clear correlation between the individual molecular alteration and the phenotypic expression of the disease is still unclear. In particular, the role that the A91V substitution plays in the pathogenesis of the disease is still controversial. In the effort to make a conclusive remark to this issue, we here report on the frequency of the A91V mutation in a group of unrelated healthy families obtained from the ‘Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain’ (CEPH), which are considered representative of the worldwide population. This frequency was compared to that observed in FHLH patients recruited through the Italian National Registry. The frequency in CEPH healthy subjects is 3.7%, thus indicating that the alteration represents a polymorphism. However, the frequency of this alteration in FHLH patients associated with PRF1 mutation is much higher than that observed in controls (26.2%, P = 0.0002), suggesting that the alteration is an important genetic susceptibility factor.
HSP70‐hom gene single nucleotide (+2763 G/A and +2437 C/T) polymorphisms in sarcoidosis
Authors: Bogunia‐Kubik K. , Koscinska K. , Suchnicki K. , Lange A. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryIn the present study, two coding polymorphisms within the heat shock protein 70‐hom gene (HSP70‐hom) were analysed. One hundred and thirty‐eight individuals were studied, including 42 Polish patients with sarcoidosis, 13 of which presented with Löfgren's syndrome (LS), and 94 control subjects. Dimorphisms at positions +2763 (A/G) and +2437 (C/T) of the HSP70‐hom gene were typed using amplification refractory mutation system and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, respectively.A significant prevalence of the HSP(+2437)‐C allele and the HSP(+2437)‐CC homozygous genotype was observed in patients with sarcoidosis and in those presenting with LS as compared to controls (P < 0.001 in all comparisons made). A majority of HLA‐DRB1*03‐positive patients with LS were carrying both HSP(+2437)‐C and (+2763)‐G alleles, and the concomitant presence of these three genetic factors was more frequent among patients with LS as compared to patients without LS (0.54 vs. 0.17, P < 0.05) and controls (0.54 vs. 0.01, P < 0.001). The association of the HSP(+2437)‐C allele with sarcoidosis and LS appeared to be independent of the presence of DRB1*03, although this HLA specificity was associated with LS manifestation. The HSP(+2763)‐G allele was independently associated with neither sarcoidosis nor LS. However, this HSP(+2763)‐G allele was present with either DRB1*03 or HSP(+2437)‐C within the same haplotypes in the patients and this might explain the observed prevalence of DRB1*03, HSP(+2437)‐C and (+2763)‐G in patients with LS.In conclusion, HSP(+2437)‐C allele was found as a factor associating with susceptibility to sarcoidosis and LS.
Diagnosis of pharyngeal disorders in dogs: a retrospective study of 67 cases
Authors: Billen F. , Day M. J. , Clercx C. 
Published: March 2006

Objectives:To assess the frequency distribution of pharyngeal disorders and to compare clinical signs in diseases of the different pharyngeal areas. To review the investigation methods.Methods:Medical records of 67 dogs presenting with abnormalities of the pharyngeal area were retrospectively reviewed and classified according to the anatomic area involved, i.e. the nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal areas. Clinical signs, endoscopic findings and results of additional sampling were reviewed.Results:Nasopharyngeal disorders were most frequently encountered (49 per cent), with choanal masses being the most frequent diagnosis (24 of 33), followed by laryngopharyngeal disorders (37·5 per cent) and oropharyngeal disorders (10·5 per cent). A rare condition, stenosis of the intrapharyngeal opening, was classified separately (3 per cent). An overall good correlation between matched cytology and histopathology samples was found. In all categories of diseases, clinical signs related to both the upper respiratory and digestive tracts were reported.ClinicalSignificance:Pharyngeal disorders are more frequently localised in the nasopharyngeal area and include essentially choanal masses. The use of a flexible endoscope for retrograde rhinoscopy is essential for adequate investigation of the proximal nasopharyngeal area. Clinical signs do not allow differentiation of the pharyngeal disorder within the different pharyngeal areas.
Long‐term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Poncet C. M. , Dupre G. P. , Freiche V. G. , Bouvy B. M. 
Published: March 2006

Objectives: After a first clinical study showing a high prevalence of gastrointestinal tract diseases in brachycephalic dogs presented for upper respiratory syndrome, a prospective study was performed to determine the influence of medical treatment for gastrointestinal tract disorders associated with upper respiratory syndrome surgery. Methods: The gastrointestinal tract and respiratory disorders of 61 brachycephalic dogs presented for upper respiratory syndrome were evaluated. Together with surgery of the upper respiratory tract, a specific gastrointestinal medical treatment was administered. A minimal follow‐up of six months was required for inclusion. Results: Palatoplasty with rhinoplasty was the most common surgical correction (88·5 per cent). The mortality rate in the perioperative period was 3·3 per cent. Minor complications accounted for 26·2 per cent of cases. No aspiration pneumonia was encountered. A sufficient follow‐up was obtained in 51 dogs. The improvement was judged by the owners as excellent or good in 88·3 per cent of the respiratory disorders and in 91·4 per cent of the gastrointestinal disorders. Clinically, a statistically significant improvement was obtained for both respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical Significance: In comparison with other studies, digestive tract medical treatment combined with upper respiratory surgery seems to decrease the complication rate and improve the prognosis of dogs presented for upper respiratory syndrome.
TheMYCNEnigma: Significance ofMYCNExpression in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Tang Xao X. , Zhao Huaqing , Kung Bing , Kim David Y. , Hicks Sakeenah L. , Cohn Susan L. , Cheung Nai-Kong , Seeger Robert C. , Evans Audrey E. , Ikegaki Naohiko 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMYCN amplification strongly predicts adverse outcome of neuroblastoma. However, the significance of MYCN expression in the clinical and biological behavior of neuroblastoma has been unclear. To address this question, we first examined the expression of MYCN in combination with TrkA (a favorable prognostic indicator of neuroblastoma) in 91 primary neuroblastoma by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and investigated the relationship among patient survival, MYCN, and TrkA expressions. Three subsets of neuroblastoma were defined based on MYCN and TrkA expression. Neuroblastoma expressing the highest level of MYCN but little TrkA were MYCN-amplified cases, which had a 5-year survival of 9.3%. Interestingly, MYCN and TrkA expression showed a linear correlation (r = 0.5664, P &lt; 0.00005) in neuroblastoma lacking MYCN amplification, and the 5-year survival of neuroblastoma patients with low MYCN and low TrkA expressions was 63.7%, whereas those with high expression of both had a 5-year survival of 88.1% (P &lt; 0.00005). This nonlinear distribution of disease outcome relative to MYCN expression in neuroblastoma explains why MYCN expression is not predictive of neuroblastoma disease outcome by dichotomous division of the neuroblastoma cohort. However, high-level MYCN expression is associated with favorable outcome in neuroblastoma lacking MYCN amplification. Furthermore, forced expression of MYCN significantly suppresses growth of neuroblastoma cells lacking MYCN amplification by inducing apoptosis and enhancing favorable neuroblastoma gene expression. Collectively, these data suggest that high-level MYCN expression in neuroblastoma lacking MYCN amplification results in a benign phenotype. Thus, the high MYCN expression confers the opposite biological consequence in neuroblastoma, depending on whether or not MYCN is amplified. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2826-33)
Interleukin-23–Expressing Bone Marrow–Derived Neural Stem-Like Cells Exhibit Antitumor Activity against Intracranial Glioma
Authors: Yuan Xiangpeng , Hu Jinwei , Belladonna Maria L. , Black Keith L. , Yu John S. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Neural progenitor-like cells have been isolated from bone marrow and the cells have the ability of tracking intracranial tumor. However, the capacity of the cells to deliver molecules for activating immune response against intracranial tumor and the identity of cellular and molecular factors that are involved in such immune responses have yet to be elucidated. Here, we isolated neural stem-like cells from the bone marrow of adult mice. The isolated cells were capable of producing progenies of three lineages, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, in vitro and tracking glioma in vivo. By genetically manipulating bone marrow–derived neural stem-like cells (BM-NSC) to express a recently discovered cytokine, interleukin (IL)-23, the cells showed protective effects in intracranial tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Depletion of subpopulation lymphocytes showed that CD8+ T cells were critical for the antitumor immunity of IL-23–expressing BM-NSCs and that CD4+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells participated in the activity. Furthermore, the IL-23–expressing BM-NSC-treated survivors were resistant to the same tumor rechallenge associated with enhanced IFN-γ, but not IL-17, expression in the brain tissue. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-23–expressing BM-NSCs can effectively induce antitumor immunity against intracranial gliomas. CD8+ T cells are critical for such antitumor activity; in addition, CD4+ T cells and NK cells are also involved. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2630-8)
Haploinsufficiency of the Hmga1 Gene Causes Cardiac Hypertrophy and Myelo-Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Mice
Authors: Fedele Monica , Fidanza Vincenzo , Battista Sabrina , Pentimalli Francesca , Klein-Szanto Andres J.P. , Visone Rosa , De Martino Ivana , Curcio Antonio , Morisco Carmine , Del Vecchio Luigi , Baldassarre Gustavo , Arra Claudio , Viglietto Giuseppe , Indolfi Ciro , Croce Carlo M. , Fusco Alfredo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The HMGA1 protein is a major factor in chromatin architecture and gene control. It plays a critical role in neoplastic transformation. In fact, blockage of HMGA1 synthesis prevents rat thyroid cell transformation by murine transforming retroviruses, and an adenovirus carrying the HMGA1 gene in the antisense orientation induces apoptotic cell death in anaplastic human thyroid carcinoma cell lines, but not in normal thyroid cells. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies have established the oncogenic role of the HMGA1 gene. In this study, to define HMGA1 function in vivo, we examined the consequences of disrupting the Hmga1 gene in mice. Both heterozygous and homozygous mice for the Hmga1-null allele show cardiac hypertrophy due to the direct role of HMGA1 on cardiomyocytic cell growth regulation. These mice also developed hematologic malignancies, including B cell lymphoma and myeloid granuloerythroblastic leukemia. The B cell expansion and the increased expression of the RAG1/2 endonuclease, observed in HMGA1-knockout spleen tissues, might be responsible for the high rate of abnormal IgH rearrangements observed in these neoplasias. Therefore, the data reported here indicate the critical role of HMGA1 in heart development and growth, and reveal an unsuspected antioncogenic potential for this gene in hematologic malignancies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2536-43)
Tumor-Derived Cyr61(CCN1) Promotes Stromal Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Production and Protease-Activated Receptor 1–Dependent Migration of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Nguyen Nga , Kuliopulos Athan , Graham Roger A. , Covic Lidija 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a central role in remodeling the tumor-stromal microenvironment. We recently determined that stromal-derived MMP-1 also acts as a signaling molecule by cleaving protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) to cause breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Here, we show that ectopic PAR1 expression induces expression of the angiogenic factor Cyr61(CCN1) in breast cancer cells. The tumor-derived Cyr61 acts as an invasogenic signaling molecule that induces MMP-1 expression in adjacent stromal fibroblasts. Gene silencing of Cyr61 in breast cancer cells suppresses MMP-1 induction in stromal fibroblasts resulting in a major loss in migration of the cancer cells toward the fibroblasts. Cyr61-dependent loss of migration was complemented by exogenous MMP-1 and required the presence of the functional PAR1 receptor on the breast cancer cells. These results suggest that interrupting tumor-stromal cell communication by targeting Cyr61 may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2658-65)