bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase laboratory assay: How, when, and why?
Authors: Minucci Angelo , Giardina Bruno , Zuppi Cecilia , Capoluongo Ettore 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGlucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common defect of red blood cells. Although some different laboratory techniques or methods are employed for the biochemical screening, a strict relationship between biochemists, clinicians, and molecular biologists is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. This article represents an overview on the current laboratory tests finalized to the screening or to the definitive diagnosis of G6PD‐deficiency, underlying the problems regarding the biochemical and molecular identification of heterozygote females other than those regarding the standardization of the clinical and laboratory diagnostic procedures. Finally, this review is aimed to give a flow‐chart for the complete diagnostic approach of G6PD‐deficiency. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(1): 27–34, 2009
Psychotherapists who abstain from personal therapy: do they practice what they preach?
Authors: Norcross John C. , Bike Denise H. , Evans Krystle L. , Schatz Danielle M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe authors examined the attitudes and reasons of 119 American psychologists, counselors, and clinical social workers who had never sought personal therapy. Nontherapy seekers, compared to therapy seekers, expressed less‐positive attitudes toward its value as a prerequisite for clinical work and for ongoing professional development. Women, men, and members of all three professions were equally likely to have sought therapy, but cognitive–behavioral therapists and academics were significantly less likely to do so. Top reasons for not undergoing personal therapy entailed dealing with stress in other ways, receiving sufficient support from friends and family, believing coping strategies were effective, and resolving the problem before therapy was needed. The likelihood of seeking personal treatment in the future as well as reasons for doing so are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64:1–9, 2008.
Concurrent validity of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale–Symptom checklist
Authors: Sulkowski Michael L. , Storch Eric A. , Geffken Gary R. , Ricketts Emily , Murphy Tanya K. , Goodman Wayne K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDespite the frequent use of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale–Symptom Checklist (Y‐BOCS‐SC; Goodman et al., 1989a) and the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory‐Revised (OCI‐R; Foa et al., 2002), there are limited data on the psychometric properties of the two instruments. In the present research, clinician ratings on the Y‐BOCS‐SC for 112 patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) were compared to their self‐report ratings on the OCI‐R. In addition, Y‐BOCS‐SC and OCI‐R scores were compared to measures of OCD symptom severity and self‐report measures of anxiety (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory–Trait Subscale [STAI‐T]; Spielberger, Gorusch, & Lushene, 1970) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory‐II [BDI‐II]; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). The six symptom scales of the OCI‐R had good internal consistency reliabilities (αs). For the Y‐BOCS‐SC, three of five scales had good reliabilities (αs >.80), but αs for symmetry/ordering and sexual/religious symptom scales were inadequate. Total scores for the two instruments were strongly correlated with their corresponding “checking” scales, but no individual symptoms scales were identified as indices of overall OCD symptom presence. Scales assessing washing/contamination, symmetry/ordering, and hoarding from the two OCD instruments correlated well, but lower correlations for the other scales suggested differences in symptom coverage by the two instruments. Most symptom scales from the Y‐BOCS‐SC and OCI‐R had low correlations with the BDI‐II and STAI‐T, but the OCI‐R obsessing scale was well correlated (r=.54) with the STAI‐T. These findings reveal some of the strengths and weaknesses of these two OCD instruments, and the results provide guidance for selecting scales that are suitable for measuring OCD symptoms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64:1–14, 2008.
Commentary on Sprock and Fredendall's (2008), “Comparison of Prototypic Cases of Depressive Personality Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder”
Authors: Huprich Steven K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this commentary, the author discusses the merits and contributions of Sprock and Fredendall's (2008) study of depressive personality and dysthymia using a prototype methodology with experienced clinicians. Their article demonstrates the difficulty in differentiating depressive personality disorder from dysthymia, though it seems to raise even more salient questions about the current ways by which personality disorders are assessed and diagnosed. In light of these findings, the author offers some ways by which personality disorder assessment could be improved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64:1–5, 2008.
Characterization of ion channels in human preadipocytes
Authors: Hu Hao , He Mu‐Lan , Tao Rong , Sun Hai‐Ying , Hu Rui , Zang Wei‐Jin , Yuan Bing‐Xiang , Lau Chu‐Pak , Tse Hung‐Fat , Li Gui‐Rong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIon channels participate in regulation of cell proliferation. However, though preadipocyte (the progenitor of fat cell) is a type of highly proliferating cells, ion channel expression and their role in proliferation is not understood in human preadipocytes. The present study was designed to characterize ion channels using whole‐cell patch clamp technique, RT‐PCR, and Western blotting. It was found that a 4‐aminopyridine‐ (4‐AP) sensitive transient outward K+ current (Ito) was present in a small population of (32.0%) cells, and an outward “noisy” big conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ current (IKCa) was present in most (92.7%) preadipocytes. The noisy current was inhibited by the big conductance IKCa channel blocker paxilline (1 µM), and enhanced by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (5 µM) and the big conductance IKCa channel activator NS1619 (10 µM). RT‐PCR and Western blot revealed the molecular identities (i.e., KCa1.1 and Kv4.2) of the functional ionic currents IKCa and Ito. Blockade of IKCa or Ito with paxilline or 4‐AP reduced preadipocyte proliferation, and similar results were obtained with specific siRNAs targeting to KCa1.1 and Kv4.2. Flow cytometric analysis showed ion channel blockade or knockdown of KCa1.1 or Kv4.2 with specific siRNA increased the cell number of G0/G1 phase. The present study demonstrates for the first time that two types of functional ion channel currents, Ito and big conductance IKCa, are present in human preadipocytes and that these two types of ion channels participate in regulating proliferation of human preadipocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 427–435, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immune challenge affects sexual coloration of male Iberian wall lizards
Authors: López Pilar , Gabirot Marianne , Martín José 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSexual signals can be evolutionarily stable if they are honest and condition dependent or costly to the signaler. One possible cost is the existence of a trade‐off between maintaining the immune system and the elaboration of ornaments. We experimentally challenged the immune system of male Iberian wall lizards, Podarcis hispanica, with a bacterial antigen (lipopolysaccharide) without pathogenic effects to explore whether the immune activation affected sexually dimorphic visual ornaments. Ventrolateral coloration changed in all males, but immune activation affected some characteristics of coloration of experimental males (i.e., challenged males failed to increase brightness and medium wavelengths over time as control males did, and the proportion of yellow pigments decreased after the immune activation) but not others (i.e., proportion of blue, green and red pigments changed equally in all males). Results suggested the existence of a trade‐off between physiological regulation of the immune system and the allocation of essential compounds (probably carotenoids) to sexual ornaments. We suggest that this trade‐off may allow one to honestly signal individual male quality via characteristics of coloration in lizards, which may have an important role in both intra‐ and intersexual selection processes. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:96–104, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β‐keratins of the crocodilian epidermis: composition, structure, and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Dalla Valle Luisa , Nardi Alessia , Gelmi Carlotta , Toni Mattia , Emera Deena , Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of three β‐keratins of Nile crocodile scales are presented. Using 5′‐ and 3′‐RACE analysis, two cDNA sequences of 1 kb (Cr‐gptrp‐1) and 1.5 kb (Cr‐gptrp‐2) were determined, corresponding to 17.4 and 19.3 kDa proteins, respectively, and a pI of 8.0. In genomic DNA amplifications, we determined that the 5′‐UTR of Cr‐gptrp‐2 contains an intron of 621 nucleotides. In addition, we isolated a third gene (Cr‐gptrp‐3) in genomic DNA amplifications that exhibits seven amino acid differences with Cr‐gptrp‐2. Genomic organization of the sequenced crocodilian β‐keratin genes is similar to avian β‐keratin genes. Deduced proteins are rich in glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine, and contain cysteines toward the N‐ and C‐terminal regions, likely for the formation of disulfide bonds. Prediction of the secondary structure suggests that the central core box of 20 amino acids contains two β‐strands and has 75–90% identity with chick β‐keratins. Toward the C‐terminus, numerous glycine–glycine–tyrosine and glycine–glycine–leucine repeats are present, which may contribute to making crocodile scales hard. In situ hybridization shows expression of β‐keratin genes in differentiating β‐cells of epidermal transitional layers. Phylogenetic analysis of the available archosaurian and lepidosaurian β‐keratins suggests that feather keratins diversified early from nonfeather keratins, deep in archosaur evolution. However, only the complete knowledge of all crocodilian β‐keratins will confirm whether feather keratins have an origin independent of those in bird scales, which preceded the split between birds and crocodiles. J Exp Zool (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:42–57, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New method to deliver exogenous material into developing planarian embryos
Authors: Martín‐Durán José María , Duocastella Martí , Serra Pere , Romero Rafael 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe ability to report or modify the embryological processes in living embryos is pivotal for developmental biology research. Planarian embryology has experienced renewed interest as the genetic pathways that drive adult regeneration were found to be involved in the development of embryos. The major drawback to the study of planarian embryology is the absence of methods that give access to the embryos and enable their manipulation. Herein, we report on a novel method for delivering external material into developing embryos using nanosecond laser pulses. When focused on the eggshell surface under optimal parameters, laser pulses ablate the protective case and open a pathway throughout which foreign material can be delivered. In this study, we used egg capsules from Schmidtea polychroa (Schmidt, 1861) to microinject 1 µm fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescent beads into the live embryos. We obtained viability values ranging from 15% in early egg capsules to 100% in late developmental stages. Moreover, we measured the delivery effectiveness as the number of hatchlings containing fluorescent beads per microinjected egg capsule, reaching 100% in early stages and almost 40% in late stages. This is the first time that planarian embryos have been modified without compromising normal development. We consider that this technique will be of extreme value to future work on planarian developmental biology and regeneration, enabling the application of modern functional tools to the study of this Lophotrochozoan. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:668–681, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aid allocation to fragile states: Absorptive capacity constraints
Authors: Feeny Simon , McGillivray Mark 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe international donor community has grave concerns about the effectiveness of aid to countries it classifies as ‘fragile states’. The impact of aid on growth and poverty reduction and the ability to efficiently absorb additional inflows is thought to be significantly lower in these countries compared to other recipients. This paper examines this issue and suggests that a while a number of fragile states can efficiently absorb more aid than they have received, a number receive far more aid than they can efficiently absorb from a perspective based purely on per capita income growth. Policy recommendations are provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Argentine hemorrhagic fever diagnostic test based on recombinant Junín virus N protein
Authors: Ure Agustín E. , Ghiringhelli P. Daniel , Possee Robert D. , Morikawa Shigeru , Romanowski Víctor 
Published: October 2008

AbstractJunín arenavirus is the etiologic agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Due to its morbidity and high mortality rate in untreated cases, this endemic disease is of mandatory report in Argentina. Secure and accurate diagnostic methods are needed for the epidemiological surveillance of the disease. Current assays rely on antigens prepared from lysates of virus infected mammalian cells. The bio‐safety issue related to the manipulation of large quantities of virus restricts such antigen production to laboratories with the appropriate containment facilities. In this report, we describe the development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the etiologic confirmation of the disease, based on recombinant antigens expressed in insect cells. Eight different variables of the assay were optimized with the Taguchi approach for experimental design (L18 design, seven three‐level factors and one two‐level factor). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.966, showing the high accuracy of the test discriminating positive from negative samples. Taking into account the biosafety benefits, the high yields of antigen in cell culture, and the general performance of the assay, it is expected that it will be a useful alternative to the current ELISA for the detection of antibodies in sera from convalescent patients. J. Med. Virol. 80:2127–2133, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A wide spectrum of dengue IgM and PCR positivity post‐onset of illness found in a large dengue 3 outbreak in Pakistan
Authors: Tang Julian W. , Khanani Muhammad R. , Zubairi Adnan M. , Lam Wai Y. , Lai Florence , Hashmi Khursheed , Hussain Arif , Jamal Saba , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDuring a large outbreak of dengue serotype 3 in Pakistan in 2006, multiple serum samples were routinely collected for laboratory testing. Two hundred ninety‐seven samples were collected between August and November 2006. Serological testing for dengue IgM was performed in Pakistan and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for dengue RNA detection and serotyping were performed in Hong Kong. Dengue‐specific IgM was detectable as early as 1 day, and dengue RNA remained detectable for up to 14 days, post‐onset of illness. Further statistical analysis found that IgM status (positive, negative, or equivocal) was significantly correlated to clinical (duration of illness, severity of patient‐reported arthralgia pain, the presence of any evidence of bleeding, a positive tourniquet test, shock), and other laboratory (platelet and total white cell counts) parameters. In contrast, the qualitative dengue RNA status (PCR positive or negative) was not statistically significantly correlated with any of these other parameters. The results for this population during this outbreak, obtained from single acute samples, demonstrate a wide range of intervals post‐onset of illness during which dengue IgM and dengue RNA may be detected. Interestingly, in this study, the dengue IgM positivity correlates more closely with significant clinical illness than the dengue RNA positivity, which may be a feature specific to this particular outbreak. J. Med. Virol. 80:2113–2121, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of a novel human papillomavirus type 16 E1 gene variant with potentially reduced oncogenicity
Authors: Sabol Ivan , Matovina Mihaela , Gasperov Nina Milutin , Grce Magdalena 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 genome has been studied extensively, although no study has focused on the E1 gene that is implicated in viral DNA replication. After analyzing the E1 region of HPV 16 genomes in 429 cervical samples, 11.2% were found to contain a 63 nucleotides duplication in this region. Sequence analysis of the E6 and the E7 regions has shown that all samples containing this duplication were related to E6‐G350 variant of the HPV 16 (Chi square test, P = 0.0012). A comparison of cervical lesion severity of the examinees having regular or variant E1 genes has shown that the variant group had a significantly (Fischer's exact test, P = 0.0401) lower percentage of high grade disease cases, suggesting that this particular duplication might reduce the oncogenic potential of HPV 16, and also might clarify the differences of E6‐G350 variant oncogenicity observed in European populations. Albeit, a decreased incidence of high grade cervical lesions can be linked to the prevalence of multiple HPV infection, the additional decrease of those cases with the variant E1 gene versus those without (10.5% and 18.6%, respectively) can only be ascribed to the effect of this particular HPV variant. Further research is needed to clarify the biology of these HPV 16 E1 variants. J. Med. Virol. 80:2134–2140, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Presence and expression of JCV early gene large T Antigen in the brains of immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals
Authors: Delbue Serena , Branchetti Emanuela , Boldorini Renzo , Vago Luca , Zerbi Pietro , Veggiani Claudia , Tremolada Sara , Ferrante Pasquale 
Published: October 2008

AbstractJC virus (JCV) is a polyomavirus that asymptomatically infects up to 80% of the worldwide human population and establishes latency in the kidney. In the case of host immunodeficiency, it can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which is a fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In an attempt to understand better PML pathogenesis and JCV infection, the presence of the JCV genome and expression of the early viral protein in the brain of deceased individuals, with and without HIV infection, was investigated. Sixty autopsy samples of brain tissues were collected from 15 HIV‐positive PML patients, 15 HIV‐positive patients with other neurological diseases, 15 HIV‐positive patients without neurological disorders, and 15 HIV‐negative individuals who died from diseases unrelated to the central nervous system. By means of specific Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, the JCV genome was detected in 14 of 15 PML brains, three of 15 HIV‐positive brains (with and without neurological diseases), and 1 of 15 HIV‐negative brains. JCV genotyping was also performed. Expression of the early JCV protein T Antigen was verified by a specific immunohistochemistry assay, and it was found in the brain tissues from 12 PML cases and one case with other neurological disease. The data obtained demonstrate that infection of the brain with JCV can also be observed in the brains of HIV‐negative individuals, without neurological disorders. However, viral protein expression was limited to PML brains and to one brain from a patient with other neurological disease, suggesting that JCV can also be present in the brains of patients without PML. J. Med. Virol. 80:2147–2152, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Titration of hepatitis B virus infectivity in the sera of pre‐acute and late acute phases of HBV infection: Transmission experiments to chimeric mice with human liver repopulated hepatocytes
Authors: Tabuchi Ayako , Tanaka Junko , Katayama Keiko , Mizui Masaaki , Matsukura Harumichi , Yugi Hisao , Shimada Takashi , Miyakawa Yuzo , Yoshizawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStudies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in non‐human primates such as chimpanzees are no longer possible due to ethical considerations and the endangered status of chimpanzees since April 2007 in Japan. A human hepatocyte transplanted chimeric mouse was used to characterize HBV infectivity in serial stages of acute infection. Chimeric mice were inoculated intravenously with serum samples obtained from an experimentally infected chimpanzee with HBV. Sera from the pre‐acute phases (i.e., rump‐up viremia prior to anti‐HBc) and late acute phases (i.e., declining phase of HBsAg and anti‐HBcAb positive) were collected from the chimpanzees 57 and 244 days after inoculation. These sera contained 2.6 × 106 and 2.8 × 106 copies/ml of HBV DNA, respectively. Three chimeric mice inoculated intravenously with 100 µl of pre‐acute serum (equivalent to 100 copy of HBV DNA) developed an HBV infection. The three chimeric mice that received 100 µl of pre‐acute serum (equivalent to 101 copies of HBV DNA), developed high levels of serum HBV DNA. None of the three chimeric mice inoculated with 100 µl of 1:104 dilution (equivalent to 101 copies of HBV DNA) of late‐acute serum was infected, while only one of three chimeric mice inoculated with 100 µl of 1:103 dilution (equivalent to 102 copies of HBV DNA) of late‐acute serum developed an HBV infection. Based on these results, chimeric mice can be used as animal models for the study of HBV infectivity, pathogenesis and control. The results show that pre‐acute phase HBV serum is about 100‐times more infectious than late acute phase serum. J. Med. Virol. 80:2064–2068, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in Iran: A preliminary report
Authors: Mohebbi Seyed Reza , Zali Narges , Derakhshan Faramarz , Tahami Ali , Mashayekhi Reza , Amini‐Bavil‐Olyaee Samad , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo identify hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genetic variability and its circulating genotypes amongst infected Iranian patients, 25 patients with positive anti‐HDV status from different parts of Iran were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. A portion of the HDV delta antigen was amplified, sequenced, and subjected to molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Clinical features and virological markers were evaluated. HDV RNA could be detected in 88% of anti‐HDV positive cases (22 patients) with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and liver cirrhosis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Iranian patients were infected by genotype I (clade 1) of HDV, supported by a high bootstrap value (100%, 1,000 replicates). All HDV‐positive patients were coinfected with genotype D1 of HBV. No significant association was determined between demographic, clinical, and virological variables in the population studied. In conclusion, the present molecular epidemiology survey reveals that clade 1 of HDV is predominant among coinfected HBV patients in Iran. J. Med. Virol. 80:2092–2099, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.