bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional relevance of luteinizing hormone receptor in mouse uterus
Authors: Mukherjee D , Manna PR , Bhattacharya S 
Published: December 2008

Mukherjee D, Manna PR, Bhattacharya S. Functional relevance of luteinizing hormone receptor in mouse uterus. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:103–8. ISSN 0804–4643
The presence of high-affinity luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors has been reported in porcine, rabbit, rat and human uteri. We have demonstrated binding of [125I]LH to mouse uterus, which was saturable. Scatchard plot analysis indicated Kd to be 1.37 × 10−10 mol/l and the maximum binding capacity to be 5.24 nmol/kg protein. Attempts have been made to observe the functional relevance of gonadotropin receptor in the mouse uterus. The size and weight of the uterus remarkably decreased as a result of ovariectomy; administration of LH to ovariectomized (OVX) mice significantly increased the uterine weight in comparison to the OVX control (p < 0.01), indicating a direct effect of LH on the uterus. There was a two-fold decrease of uterine ascorbic acid content in LH-treated OVX mice as compared to the intact control. The gain in uterine weight of OVX mice by LH was due to the increase in uterine protein synthesis. The stimulatory effect of LH on OVX mice uterus appears to be mediated via steroid hormones because it significantly augmented uterine mitochondrial steroidogenesis. Since 17β-estradiol (E2) is known to stimulate uterine protein synthesis, the circulatory level of E2 was determined in intact, OVX and OVX + LHtreated mice. A fall in the circulatory level of E2 occurred in OVX mice as compared to the control, while treatment of LH for 7 days (three injections) significantly elevated E2 levels in OVX mice (p < 0.001). This higher level of E2 in OVX mice remains unaltered on adrenalectomy, indicating that adrenals are not the source for increased E2 levels. Data therefore imply that LH can stimulate uterine E2 formation. Results from an in vitro incubation of uterine tissue from intact, OVX and OVX + LHtreated mice showed that ovariectomy caused a sharp drop of E2, while treatment with LH significantly increased E2 release and the uterine contents. Hence, it may be suggested that LH has a direct effect on the uterus of OVX mice: by occupying a high-affinity binding site it stimulates steroidogenesis, resulting in higher E2 formation, which, in turn, dramatically increases uterine weight by stimulating protein synthesis.
S Bhattacharya, School of Life Science, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, West Bengal, India
Luteinizing hormone secretory pattern before and after removal of Leydig cell tumor of the testis
Authors: Caron Philippe J , Bennet Antoine P , Plantavid Monique M , Louvet Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2008

Caron PJ, Bennet AP, Plantavid MM, Louvet J-P. Luteinizing hormone secretory pattern before and after removal of Leydig cell tumor of the testis. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:156–9. ISSN 0804–4643
We studied the luteinizing hormone (LH) secretory pattern in three patients, aged 30, 23 and 43 years, with gynecomastia due to Leydig cell tumor of the testis, before and 6 months after unilateral orchidectomy. The results were compared to those of 11 normal fertile controls aged 20–35 years. Blood sampling was done at 20-min intervals from 22.00 h to 10.00 h. The LH data were analyzed with the Cluster analysis algorithm with "optimal parameters for LH male data" to determine the pulse interval and pulse amplitude. The Expfit program was applied to LH pulses to calculate the apparent half-life of immunoreactive LH. Before surgery, when compared to controls, the patients had a low to normal testosterone/estradiol ratio (0.053, 0.110, 0.046 vs 0.148 ± 0.038) and mean LH levels (1.96, 3.7, 2.55 vs 4.0 ± 1.9 IU/l), decreased pulse amplitude (2.65, 3.01, 2.21 vs 3.31 ± 1.41 IU/l) and reduced apparent half-life of LH (74, 69, 78 vs 97 ± 16 min). After removal of the Leydig cell tumor, the testosterone/estradiol ratio returned to the normal range (0.141, 0.177, 0.093) while an increase in mean LH levels (5.75, 7.90, 4.88 IU/l), LH pulse amplitude (3.07, 6.05, 2.86 IU/l) and apparent half-life of LH (138, 106, 104 min) was observed in all three patients. Our data indicate that endogenous hyperestrogenism in patients with Leydig cell tumor of the testis results in an inhibition of LH secretion, and suggests that such inhibition could result from a reduction in pulse amplitude and apparent half-life.
Philippe Caron, Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies métaboliques, CHU Rangueil, 1 Avenue J Poulhes, 31054 Toulouse Cedex, France
Diurnal rhythm of testosterone induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) therapy in isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism: a comparison between subcutaneous and intramuscular hCG administration
Authors: Jones T Hugh , Darne Joe F , McGarrigle Hugh HG 
Published: December 2008

Jones TH, Darne JF, McGarrigle HHG. Diurnal rhythm of testosterone induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) therapy in isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism: a comparison between subcutaneous and intramuscular hCG administration. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:173–8. ISSN 0804–4643
When human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is used to stimulate testosterone synthesis and release in males with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, it is administered two or three times weekly by intramuscular injection. We have compared the pharmacokinetics of a twice weekly standard dose of hCG (5000 U) given for the first week by intramuscular injection and in the second week by self-administered subcutaneous injection. The patients studied had Kallmann's syndrome, isolated idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism or post-traumatic isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Salivary testosterone was collected twice daily at 08.00 h and 20.00 h, and serum testosterone was collected after 0, 24 h, 72 h, 120 h and 168 h each week. The cumulated serum and salivary testosterone levels were comparable on both intramuscular and subcutaneous hCG. In normal males there is diurnal variation in testosterone, with peak serum levels in the morning falling to a nadir in the evening. The exact nature and controlling factors of this circadian rhythm have not been established. In four of the subjects, the twice weekly hCG injections, either subcutaneous or intramuscular, produced a regular testosterone diurnal rhythm. The other four patients had fluctuations in testosterone but with no strict diurnal pattern. This study provides evidence that the luteinizing hormone-like action of hCG is necessary to prime the circadian rhythm but only a single bolus of hCG is sufficient to induce the rhythm in the absence of endogenous gonadotrophin production. In conclusion, self-administered subcutaneous hCG is safe and produces comparable levels of serum and salivary testosterone to that administered by the intramuscular route. Moreover, it was very well accepted by the patients and was preferred to conventional treatments. Human hCG in some patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism produces normal physiological changes in daily testosterone levels.
TH Jones, University Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
A carnivore species (Canis familiaris) expresses circadian melatonin rhythm in the peripheral blood and melatonin receptors in the brain
Authors: Stankov Bojidar , Møller Morten , Lucini Valeria , Capsoni Simona , Fraschini Franco 
Published: December 2008

Stankov B, Møller, M, Lucini V, Capsoni S, Fraschini F. A carnivore species (Canis familiaris) expresses circadian melatonin rhythm in the peripheral blood and melatonin receptors in the brain. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:191–200. ISSN 0804–4643
Dogs kept under controlled photoperiodic conditions of 12 h light and 12 h dark expressed a clear diurnal melatonin rhythm in the peripheral blood, with a swift peak restricted to the late part of the scotophase. The highest density of high-affinity, G-protein-linked 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites was found in the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland. Binding sites were found also in the pars distalis, and light microscopy/high-resolution autoradiography showed that binding was located exclusively over the chromophobe and basophilic cells forming the adenopituitary zona tuberalis, well developed in this species, and extending into the gland as a continuation of pars tuberalis. Cords of basophilic cells located in the pars distalis proper also expressed high receptor density. The eosinophils in the adenohypophysis and the neural lobe were devoid of binding. Heavily labeled were the external laminar and the mitral cell layers of the olfactory bulbs, but no binding was detected in the filae nervi olfactorii or tractus olfactorius. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei were discernible clearly. Quantitative autoradiography inhibition experiments revealed that the apparent melatonin inhibitory constant (ic50) in all those areas was around 0.1 nmol/l, which is a physiologically appropriate value considering the peripheral blood melatonin levels. Co-incubation with guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPΓS) led to a consequential decrease in the binding density. The specific binding observed in other areas (hippocampus, frontal, parietal, occipital cortex and cerebellum) was rather weak, diffuse and could not be attributed to a particular layer; the apparent ic50 for melatonin was about 1 μmol/l, and co-incubation with GTPΓS did not modify the binding density. Collectively, these data show that the dog posesses all the prerequisites for an efficient network adapted to photoperiodic time measurements. A circadian melatonin signal in the peripheral blood and an apparently functional readout receptor system located in key positions within the brain are both present in this species.
Bojidar Stankov, Chair of Chemotherapy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, 32 Via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milano, Italy
Regulation of quail oviduct phospholipase A2 activity by estradiol
Authors: Fayard JM , Chanal S , Felouati B , Macovschi O , Lagarde M , Pageaux JF , Laugier C 
Published: December 2008

Fayard JM, Chanal S, Felouati B, Macovschi O, Lagarde M, Pageaux JF, Laugier C. Regulation of quail oviduct phospholipase A2 activity by estradiol. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:205–12. ISSN 0804–4643
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was measured in the oviduct of immature and estradiol benzoate (EB)-treated quails. The pH profiles demonstrate the presence of two PLA2 isoforms in the avian oviduct: a neutral isoform, optimally active at pH 7–7.5 and calcium independent, responsible for most of the hydrolytic activity in the immature oviduct and poorly stimulated by estradiol; and an alkaline isoform, optimally active at pH 8–9.5 and calcium dependent, with little activity in the immature tissue but markedly stimulated by EB. After EB injection, PLA2 activation occurs at first during the prereplicative period of oviduct cells (+172% at 6 h), it is dose dependent from 0.01 to 1 mg/kg EB and can be prevented by cycloheximide together with ornithine decarboxylase activation. Moreover, estradiol was inactive on cell-free extracts of immature oviducts. These results suggest that EB increases PLA2 activity through gene activation and de novo protein synthesis. The correlation between the early stimulation of PLA2 activity and the proliferation of oviduct cells is discussed.
JM Fayard, INSERM U.352, Laboratoire de Physiologie–Pharmacodynamie, INSA 406, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
McCune–Albright syndrome and acromegaly: clinical studies and responses to treatment in five cases
Authors: Chanson Philippe , Dib Anne , Visot André , Derome Patrick J 
Published: December 2008

Chanson P, Dib A, Visot A, Derome PJ. McCune–Albright syndrome and acromegaly: clinical studies and responses to treatment in five cases. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:229–34. ISSN 0804–4643
We report here five new patients with McCune–Albright syndrome and acromegaly. In the five patients studied (three males and two females aged 19–42 years), acromegaly began before the age of 20 years and was recognized after the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia, which was polyostotic in three cases and monostotic in two. Bone fibrous dysplasia always involved the base of the skull and in four patients prevented surgical removal of the pituitary adenoma, which was visualized easily by magnetic resonance imaging. Serum growth hormone (GH) levels ranged between 20 and 48 μg/l and were not suppressed by an oral glucose load. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration produced a paradoxical increase in serum GH levels in all the patients. Four of the five patients had hyperprolactinemia (43–670 μg/l). In the sole patient who could be operated on, a typical adenoma with positive immunostaining for GH was incompletely removed and postoperative radiation therapy failed to cure the acromegaly. In two patients, medical therapy with bromocriptine and/or octreotide was partially or totally ineffective whatever the dose (up to 1.5 mg per day) and duration (2–4 years) of octreotide treatment.
Philippe Chanson, Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, F94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Bone resorption in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women: comparison markers for serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and urinary pyridinium cross-links
Authors: Välimäki Matti J , Tähtelä Riitta , Jones James D , Peterson James M , Riggs B Lawrence 
Published: December 2008

Välimäki MJ, Tähtelä R, Jones JD, Peterson JM, Riggs BL. Bone resorption in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women: comparison markers for serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and urinary pyridinium cross-links. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:258–62. ISSN 0804–4643
We compared two highly specific markers for bone resorption–pyridinium cross-links (pyridinoline (PYR) and deoxypyridinoline (DPR)) in urine and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in serum – in 63 healthy postmenopausal women and 63 women with osteoporosis characterized by more bone resorption than bone formation. The ICTP, PYR and DPR levels were all higher, by 24% (p = 0.001), 16% (p = 0.05) and 25% (p = 0.004), respectively, in the osteoporotic women. For the merged groups, there were significant correlations between serum ICTP concentration and urinary PYR (r = 0.667, p < 0.0001) and DPR (r = 0.452, p < 0.0001) excretion; for the osteoporotic and normal women separately, the r values were 0.73 (p < 0.01) and 0.45 (p < 0.01) for PYR and 0.51 (p < 0.01) and 0.22 (p = 0.08) for DPR versus ICTP respectively. Weak correlations in linear regression between ICTP and various indices of bone formation (osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen) disappeared when the correlation between ICTP and pyridinolines was accounted for by calculation of partial correlation coefficients in multiple regression analysis. Serum ICTP concentration appears to discriminate between groups of normal and osteoporotic women as well as urinary pyridinium cross-links, which is thus far the most sensitive method for assessing bone resorption.
Matti Välimäki, Third Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, SF-00290 Helsinki, Finland
Seven-day administration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix in normal cycling women
Authors: Sommer Lieselotte , Zanger Kerstin , Dyong Thomas , Dorn Christoph , Luckhaus Johannes , Diedrich Klaus , Klingmüller Dietrich 
Published: December 2008

Sommer L, Zanger K, Dyong T, Dorn C, Luckhaus J, Diedrich K, Klingmüller D. Seven-day administration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix in normal cycling women. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:280–5. ISSN 0804–4643
In contrast to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, GnRH antagonists do not show any stimulatory effect on the pituitary but their clinical usage was precluded by severe side effects and high dose requirements. We report here on a 7-day treatment using the potent GnRH antagonist Cetrorelix ([Ac-d-Nal(2)1, d-Phe(4Cl)2, d-Pal(3)3, d-Cit6, d-Ala10]GnRH) on five women 23–33 years old. All women were ovulatory and were studied during three consecutive cycles: a control cycle, a treatment cycle and a post-treatment control cycle. Throughout the control cycles blood samples were obtained daily during cycle days 8–18 and on days 21 and 23 during the remainder of the control cycles. On the eighth day of the treatment cycle women were hospitalized at 07.00 h for 26 h. Repeated blood samples were drawn at 15-min intervals during the entire period. Subjects received 3 mg of Cetrorelix sc for the first time at 09.00 h on the eighth day of the cycle and daily at 08.00 h for the following 6 days. Blood samples were obtained daily over a period of 25 days and every third day throughout the remainder of the treatment cycle. Twenty-four hours after the first application of Cetrorelix, luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol were in the subnormal range and remained subnormal until the end of medication. The suppressive effect of Cetrorelix compared to pretreatment values lasted at least 6 days for LH and FSH and 11 days after the last Cetrorelix injection for estradiol. An LH surge followed by postovulatory progesterone values was found 22.6 ± 1.4 days after the last injection. During application of the GnRH antagonist, LH was reduced to 16.1 ± 0.7%, FSH to 58.7 ± 1.3% and estradiol to 17.9 ± 0.4% compared to the individual pretreatment values. The consecutive cycle after completion of treatment was comparable to the length of the pretreatment cycle. No serious side effects were observed. In summary, the results of this study give evidence of the effectiveness and safety of this new GnRH antagonist used in low dosages for possible therapeutic application in sex-hormone-dependent diseases in women.
Dietrich Klingmüller, Institut für Klinische Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, D53105 Bonn, Germany
Interleukin 6 effects on the pituitary–thyroid axis in the rat
Authors: Bartalena Luigi , Grasso Lucia , Brogioni Sandra , Martino Enio 
Published: December 2008

Bartalena L, Grasso L, Brogioni S, Martino E. Interleukin 6 effects on the pituitary–thyroid axis in the rat. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:302–6. ISSN 0804–4643
It has been postulated recently that cytokines, and in particular interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α TNF-α), may have a role in the pathogenesis of the changes of serum thyroid hormone concentrations that are encountered in patients with non-thyroidal illness (NTI). Many of the IL-1 and TNF-α effects are believed to be mediated by the induction of IL-6 synthesis, which might, therefore, represent an important mediator of thyroid hormone changes in NTI. To address this problem, male Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with 2.5 μg of recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6, in 500 μl of saline solution), with 2.5 μg of rhIL-6 preincubated with 100 μl of anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody or with saline solution alone (control group). Administration of rhIL-6 resulted in a significant decrease of thyroxine (T4) from 82 ± 4 nmol/l (mean± sem) to a nadir of 33 ± 3 nmol/l (p < 0.0001) after 48 h, and of triiodothyronine (T3) from 1.6 ± 0.1 to 0.8 ± 0.1 nmol/l after 48 h (p < 0.0001). A slight decrease in serum T4 and T3 concentrations also was observed in the control group, but the lowest values (T4, 66 ± 3 nmol/l; T3, 1.2 ± 0.1 nmol/l) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in IL-6-treated rats. The IL-6-induced changes could be prevented by preincubation of rhIL-6 with its neutralizing antibody. Slight but not significant changes occurred in serum reverse T3 (rT3) concentration, so that the T4/rT3 ratio remained substantially unchanged after rhIL-6 injection, whereas the T4/T3 ratio decreased significantly from 53.6 to 39.9 (p < 0.02) in IL-6-treated rats. The effects of IL-6 on thyrotropin (TSH) were investigated after rendering the rats hypothyroid by methimazole administration for 3 weeks. Serum TSH decreased from 19.0 ± 6.8 to 13.3 ± 3.8 μg/l after 48 h (p < 0.01) in IL-6-treated rats, while it increased from 17.2 ± 2.8 to 25.8 ± 4.0 μg/l (p < 0.01) in the control group. These results show that a single injection of rhIL-6 causes a decrease in serum T4, T3 and TSH concentrations in the rat, without affecting serum rT3 levels. This is compatible with a predominantly central effect of the cytokine. The apparent lack of inhibition of 5′-deiodinating activity, a key feature of NTI, suggests that IL-6, if involved, is only one of the factors responsible for the changes of thyroid hormone secretion and metabolism observed in NTI.
Luigi Bartalena, Istituto di Endocrinologia, University of Pisa, Viale del Tirreno 64, 56018 Tirrenia-Pisa, Italy
Testicular regulation of sexual dimorphisms in the ultradian profiles of circulating growth hormone in the chicken
Authors: Pampori Nisar A , Shapiro Bernard H 
Published: December 2008

Pampori NA, Shapiro BH. Testicular regulation of sexual dimorphisms in the ultradian profiles of circulating growth hormone in the chicken. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:313–318. ISSN 0804–4643
Ultradian patterns in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations were determined in adult white Leghorn roosters, hens and capons. Serial blood samples were collected every 15 min over 8 h through surgically placed chronic indwelling right atrial catheters and assayed for GH content by a homologous radioimmunoassay. In both sexes, GH levels fluctuated episodically, with peak and interpeak periods each lasting about 45 min in both roosters and hens. However, GH concentrations in the peaks and nadirs were 2.5–3.5 times greater in the plasma GH profiles of roosters as compared to hens, which resulted in roosters having higher mean GH concentrations. Caponizing completely feminized the episodic GH secretory profile. In contrast to chickens, the common sexually dimorphic feature in secretory GH profiles of mammals is the enhanced peak frequencing found in females.
Bernard H Shapiro, Laboratories of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6048, USA