bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell-Based Therapy for Retinal Disease
Authors: Klymenko Valeriia , González Martínez Orlando G , Zarbin Marco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are degenerative retinal diseases that cause severe vision loss. Early clinical trials involving transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells and/or photoreceptors as a treatment for these conditions are underway. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the field of retinal pigment epithelium transplantation, including some pertinent clinical trial results as well as preclinical studies that address issues of transplant immunology, cell delivery, and cell manufacturing.
School Meals Are Evolving: Has the Evidence Kept Up?
Authors: Alderman Harold , Bundy Donald , Gelli Aulo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
School meal programs are popular social programs. They are provided to 61 percent of primary students in high-income countries but to a smaller share of students in less wealthy countries. There is a body of evidence documenting their contribution to education, health and nutrition, and social protection. But in each domain, program objectives have evolved: schooling is recognized to be more about learning than grades obtained; nutrition goals include healthy diets that reduce risks of non-communicable diseases and are more environmentally responsible; social protection programs aim to respond to acute crises and address chronic poverty. In addition to assisting in these sectors, school meal programs are tasked with creating food systems that assist smallholder farmers, an endeavor that has yet to be extensively studied. This review examines the latest evidence on these evolving dimensions of school meal programs. Findings suggest that while there is a strong evidence base for school meals, there are also specific gaps in the evidence of effectiveness and a particular lack of clarity around costs. The country-led School Meals Coalition, developed in response to COVID pandemic-related school closures, has brought new momentum to national programs and new urgency for reliable evidence on effectiveness and costs.
Current concepts in postpartum anemia management
Authors: Neef Vanessa , Choorapoikayil Suma , Hof Lotta , Meybohm Patrick , Zacharowski Kai 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Postpartum anemia (PPA) is common in women after childbirth and affects about 50–80% of all women worldwide. Iron deficiency (ID) is the main cause for anemia and constitutes a potentially preventable condition with great impact on the mother's physical and mental condition after delivery. In most cases, PPA is associated with antenatal ID and peripartum blood losses. Numerous published studies confirmed the positive effect of PPA diagnosis and treatment.

Recent findings
Iron deficiency as well as iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are common in the postpartum period and represent significant health problems in women of reproductive age.

Summary
Important movements towards early detection and therapy of postpartum anemia have been observed. However, postpartum anemia management is not implemented on a large scale as many healthcare professionals are not aware of the most recent findings in the field. Diagnosis and therapy of PPA, particularly iron supplementation in ID and IDA, has proven to be highly effective with a tremendous effect on women's wellbeing and outcome.
Intraoperative EEG-based monitors: are we looking under the lamppost?
Authors: Baron Shahaf Dana , Shahaf Goded 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
While electroencephalogram (EEG)-based depth of anesthesia monitors have been in use clinically for decades, there is still a major debate concerning their efficacy for detecting awareness under anesthesia (AUA). Further utilization of these monitors has also been discussed vividly, for example, reduction of postoperative delirium (POD).
It seems that with regard to reducing AUA and POD, these monitors might be applicable, under specific anesthetic protocols. But in other settings, such monitoring might be less contributive and may have a ‘built-it glass ceiling’.
Recent advances in other venues of electrophysiological monitoring might have a strong theoretical rationale, and early supporting results, to offer a breakthrough out of this metaphorical glass ceiling. The purpose of this review is to present this possibility.

Recent findings
Following previous findings, it might be concluded that for some anesthesia protocols, the prevailing depth of anesthesia monitors may prevent incidences of AUA and POD. However, in other settings, which may involve other anesthesia protocols, or specifically for POD – other perioperative causes, they may not. Attention-related processes measured by easy-to-use real-time electrophysiological markers are becoming feasible, also under anesthesia, and might be applicable for more comprehensive prevention of AUA, POD and possibly other perioperative complications.

Summary
Attention-related monitoring might have a strong theoretical basis for the prevention of AUA, POD, and potentially other distressing postoperative outcomes, such as stroke and postoperative neurocognitive disorder. There seems to be already some initial supporting evidence in this regard.
Guidelines in trauma-related bleeding and coagulopathy: an update
Authors: Christoffel Jannis , Maegele Marc 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
The diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe traumatic bleeding and subsequent trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is still inconsistent, although the implementation of standardized algorithms/treatment pathways was repeatedly linked to improved outcome. Various evidence-based guidelines for these patients now exist, three of which have recently been updated.

Recent findings
A synopsis of the three recently updated guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of seriously bleeding trauma patients with TIC is presented: (i) AWMF S3 guideline ‘Polytrauma/Seriously Injured Patient Treatment’ under the auspices of the German Society for Trauma Surgery; (ii) guideline of the European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) on the management of perioperative bleeding; and (iii) European guideline on the management of major bleeding and coagulopathy after trauma in its 6th edition (EU-Trauma).

Summary
Treatment of trauma-related bleeding begins at the scene with local compression, use of tourniquets and pelvic binders and rapid transport to a certified trauma centre. After arrival at the hospital, measures to record, monitor and support coagulation function should be initiated immediately. Surgical bleeding control is carried out according to ‘damage control’ principles. Modern coagulation management includes individualized treatment based on target values derived from point-of-care viscoelastic test procedures.
Massive transfusion in trauma
Authors: Lier Heiko , Hossfeld Björn 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of currently recommended treatment approaches for traumatic hemorrhage shock, with a special focus on massive transfusion.

Recent findings
Severe trauma patients require massive transfusion, but consensual international definitions for traumatic hemorrhage shock and massive transfusion are missing. Current literature defines a massive transfusion as transfusion of a minimum of 3–4 packed red blood cells within 1 h. Using standard laboratory and/or viscoelastic tests, earliest diagnosis and treatment should focus on trauma-induced coagulopathy and substitution of substantiated deficiencies.

Summary
To initiate therapy immediately massive transfusion protocols are helpful focusing on early hemorrhage control using hemostatic dressing and tourniquets, correction of metabolic derangements to decrease coagulopathy and substitution according to viscoelastic assays and blood gases analysis with tranexamic acid, fibrinogen concentrate, red blood cells, plasma and platelets are recommended. Alternatively, the use of whole blood is possible. If needed, further support using prothrombin complex, factor XIII or desmopressin is suggested.
The importance of simulation-based multi professional training in obstetric anesthesia: an update
Authors: Abrams Jordan , Mahoney Bryan 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Simulation-based training remains an integral component of medical education by providing a well tolerated, controlled, and replicable environment for healthcare professionals to enhance their skills and improve patient outcomes. Simulation technology applied to obstetric anesthesiology continues to evolve as a valuable tool for the training and assessment of the multidisciplinary obstetric care team.

Recent findings
Simulation-based technology has continued to play a role in training and assessment, including recent work on interdisciplinary communication, recognition, and management of obstetric hemorrhage, and support in the low or strained resource setting. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the evolution of simulation-based training away from a reliance on in-situ or high-fidelity manikin-based approaches toward an increasing utilization of modalities that allow for remote or asynchronous training.

Summary
The evolution of simulation for interdisciplinary training and assessment in obstetric anesthesia has accelerated, playing a greater role in aspects of communication, management of hemorrhage and supporting low or strained resource settings. Augmented reality, virtual reality and mixed reality have advanced dramatically, spurred on by the need for remote and asynchronous simulation-based training during the pandemic.
Direct oral anticoagulants in trauma patients
Authors: Schöchl Herbert , Grottke Oliver , Schmitt Felix C.F. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly prescribed for prevention of thromboembolic events. Thus, trauma care providers are facing a steadily raising number of injured patients on DOACs.

Recent findings
Despite a predictable pharmacokinetic profile, the resulting plasma levels of trauma patients upon admission and bleeding risks remain uncertain. Therefore, recent guidelines recommend the measurement of DOAC plasma concentrations in injured patients. Alternatively, DOAC specific visco-elastic tests assays can be applied to identify DOAC patients at bleeding risk.
Bleeding complications in trauma patients on DOACs are generally higher compared to nonanticoagulated subjects, but comparable to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). In particular, a traumatic brain injury does not carry an increased risk of intracranial bleeding due to a DOAK intake compared to VKAs. Current studies demonstrated that up to 14% of patients with a hip fracture are on DOACs prior to surgery. However, the majority can be operated safely within a 24h time window without an increased bleeding rate.
Specific antagonists facilitate rapid reversal of patients on DOACs. Idarucizumab for dabigatran, and andexanet alfa for apixaban and rivaroxaban have been approved for life threatening bleeding. Alternatively, prothrombin complex concentrate can be used. Dialysis is a potential treatment option for dabigatran and haemoabsorption with special filters can be applied in patients on FXa-inhibitors.

Summary
Current guidelines recommend the measurement of DOAC plasma levels in trauma patients. Compared to VKAs, DOACs do not carry a higher bleeding risk. DOAC specific antagonists facilitate the individual bleeding management.
How much does it cost to be fit for operation? The economics of prehabilitation
Authors: Crişan Iulia , Slankamenac Ksenija , Bilotta Federico 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of reviewPrehabilitation before elective surgery can include physical, nutritional, and psychological interventions or a combination of these to allow patients to return postoperatively to baseline status as soon as possible. The purpose of this review is to analyse the current date related to the cost-effectiveness of such programs.Recent findingsThe current literature regarding the economics of prehabilitation is limited. However, such programs have been mainly associated with either a reduction in total healthcare related costs or no increase.SummaryPrehabilitation before elective surgery has been shown to minimize the periprocedural complications and optimization of short term follow up after surgical procedures. Recent studies included cost analysis, either based on hospital accounting data or on estimates costs. The healthcare cost was mainly reduced by shortening the number of hospitalization day. Other factors included length of ICU stay, place of the prehabilitation program (in-hospital vs. home-based) and compliance to the program.
Anesthetic recommendations for maternal and fetal safety in nonobstetric surgery: a balancing act
Authors: Obiyo Leziga T. , Tobes Daniel , Cole Naida M. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy is associated with maternal and fetal risks. Several physiologic changes create unique challenges for anesthesiologists. This review highlights physiologic changes of pregnancy and presents clinical recommendations based on recent literature to guide anesthetic management for the pregnant patient undergoing nonobstetric surgery.

Recent findings
Nearly every anesthetic technique has been safely used in pregnant patients. Although it is difficult to eliminate confounding factors, exposure to anesthetics could endanger fetal brain development. Perioperative fetal monitoring decisions require an obstetric consult based on anticipated maternal and fetal concerns. Given the limitations of fasting guidelines, bedside gastric ultrasound is useful in assessing aspiration risk in pregnant patients. Although there is concern about appropriateness of sugammadex for neuromuscular blockade reversal due its binding to progesterone, preliminary literature supports its safety.

Summary
These recommendations will equip anesthesiologists to provide safe care for the pregnant patient and fetus undergoing nonobstetric surgery.
Long-term effects of neuraxial analgesia
Authors: Kearns Rachel J. , Broom Malcolm A. , Lucas Dominique N. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
This review article explores the potential longer-term implications of neuraxial analgesia in labour for both the mother and her child.

Recent findings
Neuraxial techniques for labour analgesia are well tolerated and effective, and long-term adverse sequelae are rare. Labour epidural analgesia is not independently associated with long-term headache, backache, postnatal depression or anal sphincter injury, and evidence supports that epidurals may offer protection against severe maternal morbidity, particularly in women at a higher risk of complications. However, there is an increasing awareness that postdural puncture headache may be associated with chronic headache, back pain and postnatal depression, emphasizing the need for adequate follow-up until symptoms resolve.
For the neonate, a growing body of evidence refutes any association between epidural analgesia in labour and the later development of autism spectrum disorder. The clinical significance of epidural related maternal fever remains uncertain and is a research priority.

Summary
Women should continue to access the significant benefits of neuraxial analgesia in labour without undue concern about adverse sequelae for themselves or their offspring. Measures to prevent, appropriately manage and adequately follow-up women who have suffered complications of neuraxial analgesia, such as postdural puncture headache, are good practice and can mitigate the development of long-term sequelae.
Anesthesia for gender-affirming surgery: a practical review
Authors: Sanchez Kyle , Tollinche Luis , Reece-Nguyen Travis 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is an effective, well studied, and often necessary component of gender-affirming care and mitigation of gender dysphoria for transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals. GAS is categorized as chest surgeries, genitourinary surgeries, facial feminization/masculinization, and vocal phonosurgery. Despite increased incidence of GAS during recent years, there is a gap in knowledge and training on perioperative care for TGD patients.

Recent findings
Our review discusses the relevant anesthetic considerations for the most common GAS, which often involve highly specialized surgical techniques that have unique implications for the anesthesia professional.

Summary
Anesthesiology professionals must attend to the surgical and anesthetic nuances of various GAS procedures. However, as many considerations are based on common practice, research is warranted on anesthetic implications and outcomes of GAS.
Comparison of Occupational Noise Exposure Assessment Methods: A Systematic Review
Authors: Makaruse Nyasha , Maslin Mike , Shai-Campbell Ziva 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
The purpose of this systematic review of publications was to evaluate existing evidence on the accuracy and precision of alternative occupational noise assessment methods, with personal noise dosimetry as the reference.

Design:
A structured literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Embase in July 2021 and 2022. The Covidence software was used for importing articles, screening titles and abstracts, full-text review, and study selection. Two reviewers independently conducted the title, abstract, and full-text screening of eligible studies. The reporting of this systematic review was guided by the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The quality of selected articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies.

Results:
In total, 11 studies consistent with the study selection criteria were identified out of 327 articles from the initial search. The noise-measurement methods identified in the selected studies included subjective rating through a questionnaire, expert opinion, smartwatch, sound level meter, sound level meter combined with a radio-frequency identification system, smart devices, workgroup dosimetry sampling, task-based measurement (TBM), and hybrid TBM. The hybrid method (a combination of task-based, subjective rating, and trade mean measurements) was the best alternative to full-shift personal noise-dosimetry with a negligible bias of 0.1 dB, precision of 2.4 dBA, and accuracy of 2.4 dBA.

Conclusion:
A variety of lower-cost TBM methods had relatively high accuracy and precision levels comparable to personal dosimetry. These findings are particularly relevant for low-income countries where occupational noise measurements should be obtained with minimal work disruptions and costs. However, it should also be noted that TBMs are greatly affected by job variation, multiple tasks, or mobile tasks.
Intubation Decision Based on Illness Severity and Mortality in COVID-19: An International Study
Authors: Chalkias Athanasios , Huang Yiyuan , Ismail Anis , Pantazopoulos Ioannis , Papagiannakis Nikolaos , Bitterman Brayden , Anderson Elizabeth , Catalan Tonimarie , Erne Grace K. , Tilley Caroline R. , Alaka Abiola , Amadi Kingsley M. , Presswalla Feriel , Blakely Pennelope , Bernal-Morell Enrique , Cebreiros López Iria , Eugen-Olsen Jesper , García de Guadiana Romualdo Luis , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Loosen Sven H. , Reiser Jochen , Tacke Frank , Skoulakis Anargyros , Laou Eleni , Banerjee Mousumi , Pop-Busui Rodica , Hayek Salim S. ,   on behalf of the International Study of Inflammation in COVID-19 (ISIC) Investigator Group
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
To evaluate the impact of intubation timing, guided by severity criteria, on mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients, amidst existing uncertainties regarding optimal intubation practices.

Design:
Prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted from February 1, 2020, to November 1, 2022.

Setting:
Ten academic institutions in the United States and Europe.

Patients:
Adults (≥ 18 yr old) confirmed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hospitalized specifically for COVID-19, requiring intubation postadmission. Exclusion criteria included patients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 reasons despite a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.

Interventions:
Early invasive mechanical ventilation (EIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with less severe organ dysfunction (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] < 7 or Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio > 250), whereas late invasive mechanical ventilation (LIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with SOFA greater than or equal to 7 and Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio less than or equal to 250.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcome was mortality within 30 days of hospital admission. Among 4464 patients, 854 (19.1%) required mechanical ventilation (mean age 60 yr, 61.7% male, 19.3% Black). Of those, 621 (72.7%) were categorized in the EIMV group and 233 (27.3%) in the LIMV group. Death within 30 days after admission occurred in 278 patients (42.2%) in the EIMV and 88 patients (46.6%) in the LIMV group (p = 0.28). An inverse probability-of-treatment weighting analysis revealed a statistically significant association with mortality, with patients in the EIMV group being 32% less likely to die either within 30 days of admission (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52–0.90; p = 0.008) or within 30 days after intubation irrespective of its timing from admission (adjusted HR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90; p = 0.006).

Conclusions:
In severe COVID-19 cases, an early intubation strategy, guided by specific severity criteria, is associated with a reduced risk of death. These findings underscore the importance of timely intervention based on objective severity assessments.