bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterochromatin endoreduplication prior to gametogenesis and chromatin diminution during early embryogenesis in Mesocyclops edax (Copepoda: Crustacea)
Authors: Rasch Ellen M. , Wyngaard Grace A. , Connelly Barbara A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe segregation of progenitor somatic cells from those of the primordial germ cells that sequester and retain elevated levels of DNA during subsequent developmental events, poses an interesting, alternative pathway of chromosome behavior during the reproductive cycle of certain species of cyclopoid copepods and several other organisms. Separation of maternal and paternal chromosome sets during very early cleavages (gonomery) is often a feature following marked elevations of DNA levels in germ cells for some of these species. Here, we report on the accumulation of large amounts of DNA in germ line nuclei of both female and male juveniles and adults of a freshwater copepod, Mesocyclops edax (Forbes, 1890). We also report the robust uptake of 3H‐thymidine by germ cells prior to gametogenesis in this species. By using cytophotometric analysis of the DNA levels in both germ line cells and somatic cells from the same specimens we demonstrate that germ cell nuclei accumulate high levels of DNA prior to the onset of gametogenesis. These elevated amounts coincide with the levels of heterochromatic DNA discarded during chromatin diminution. A new model is proposed of major cytological events accompanying the process of chromatin diminution in M. edax. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaporative climate change in the British Isles
Authors: Stanhill Gerald , Möller Markus 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEvaporation measurements made at 16 sites in the British Isles were analysed for evidence of long‐term changes. Half of the series were from sites in Ireland measured with Class A evaporation pans between 1963 and 2005 and half in England and Scotland measured with the British Meteorological Office (MO) sunken evaporation tank between 1885 and 1968. Four of the Irish series showed significant linear trends, three of increasing and one of decreasing evaporation. These significant changes ranged between − 0.1 and + 0.1 mm year−1 equivalent to annual changes between − 0.22 and + 0.15%. Five of the UK series showed statistically significant linear trends, three of them decrease and two increase: These ranged in size between − 3.7 and + 2.1 mm year−1, equivalent to annual changes of − 1.05 to + 0.40% of the mean. Curvilinear time trends accounted for twice the amount of inter‐annual variation in evaporation as did the linear trends. Differences in sunshine duration (SD), used as a proxy for global radiation, were found to be the major factor explaining spatial as well as temporal changes in evaporation in the British Isles.The pooled Irish data, expressed as normalized anomalies, showed a small and significant linear increase in evaporation over the last 40 years. Similarly parameterized the UK measurements showed no significant trend up till 1968; the one UK series that did extend till 2004 indicated a marked increase during the last 20 years. The long‐term changes found in annual evaporation were similar to those in air temperatures both in Ireland and England. The relevance of these findings to the hypothesis of an acceleration in the hydrological cycle is discussed. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Predicting realizations of daily weather data for climate forecasts using the non‐parametric nearest‐neighbour re‐sampling technique
Authors: Bannayan Mohammad , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWeather is one of the primary driving variables that prominently impacts agricultural production and associated disciplines, such as resource management. Lack of daily weather data for many locations along with many prognosis requirements for weather for various applications has resulted in continuous efforts to determine the best possible approach for weather sequence prediction. The goal of this study was to verify thek‐nearest neighbours (k‐NN) approach for the prediction of daily weather sequences. This method can be employed on the assumption that the weather during the target year is analogous to the weather recorded in the past. We used the nearest‐neighbour re‐sampling method for the simultaneous prediction of daily radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, and precipitation for multiple locations. A vector of weather variables, including precipitation, radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, on day (t+ 1) is re‐sampled from historical data by conditioning on the vector of the same variables for the preceding day (t). Observed historical weather data for ten different sites located in Georgia were used for evaluation. The selected sites represent different climatic conditions and the number of daily records varied from 46 to 97 years. The predicted daily and monthly data were compared with both the observed daily and monthly average historical weather data and the target year of 2005 for all ten study sites. The statistical analysis included summary statistics, mean square difference (MSD) and its components, and the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov (KS) test. The results showed that thek‐NN approach was able to reproduce a similar pattern of the target year 2005 from the observed historical weather data. For all weather variables, both the lower and upper quartiles (Q1 and Q3) showed a very good agreement with the data of the observed target year. The cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) for the observed and predicted data were not significantly (P> 0.05) different across all sites for precipitation, except for the minimum temperature of seven study sites, radiation for five study sites, and maximum temperature for one study site. Our investigation to determine the minimum number of historical observed weather data required for obtaining reliable prediction revealed that 25 years of data were sufficient to find similar patterns compared to when all available weather data were used across all sites. It can be concluded from this study that thek‐NN approach on the basis of pattern recognition can be considered as a reliable method to predict daily weather sequences based on historical weather data. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Late Quaternary terrestrial tephrochronology of Iceland—frequency of explosive eruptions, type and volume of tephra deposits
Authors: Larsen Gudrún , Eiríksson Jón 
Published: October 2007

AbstractClose to 100 silicic tephra layers have been identified in Icelandic terrestrial soils of Holocene age. The majority of these tephras were erupted at the Hekla, Torfajökull, Öræfajökull, Askja, Snæfellsjökull, Eyjafjallajökull and Katla central volcanoes. By far the most active is Hekla with close to 50 identified silicic tephra layers in ∼8000 years, showing an inverse relationship between eruption frequency and volume of erupted tephra. Volumes of uncompacted silicic tephra layers range from <0.01 km3 to >10 km3, with nearly 50% of known tephra volumes lying between 0.1 and 0.5 km3. Seven closely spaced Hekla eruptions in the period 950–550 BC with identical major element composition illustrate the need of stratigraphic control in short and long distance correlations. A 2600 year old tephra geochemically indistinguishable from the Borrobol tephra is a reminder that no tephra is geochemically unique. The major producers of basaltic tephra are the volcanic systems that are partly covered by ice, or partly lying within areas of high groundwater or extending offshore, i.e. the Grímsvötn, Katla, Veidivötn‐Bárdarbunga, Reykjanes, Kverkfjöll and Vestmannaeyjar volcanic systems. The best known eruption record is that of the Katla system with over 170 identified basaltic tephra layers and more than 300 estimated in 8400 years. The Grímsvötn system is currently the most active volcanic system with over 70 eruptions during the last 1100 years. Volumes of uncompacted basaltic tephra layers range from <0.01 km3 to >20 km3, the majority of known tephra volumes lying between 0.1 and 1 km3. The most voluminous basaltic tephra deposit, the ∼10 200 yr old Saksunarvatn tephra, may however represent more than one eruption on the Grímsvötn system. Deposition of approximately 800 basaltic tephra layers during the last 9000 14C years is estimated but many of those erupted from volcanoes within ice caps have not been preserved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable minimal hypersurfaces in locally symmetric spaces
Authors: Yun Gabjin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLetM be a complete non‐compact stable minimal hypersurface in a locally symmetric space N of nonnegative Ricci curvature. We prove that if the integral of square norm of the second fundamental form is finite, i.e., ∫M |A |2 dv < ∞, then M must be totally geodesic. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abstract K and J spaces and measure of non‐compactness
Authors: Cobos Fernando , Fernández–Cabrera Luz M. , Martínez Antón 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe establish a formula for the measure of non‐compactness of an operator interpolated by the general real method generated by a sequence lattice Γ. The formula is given in terms of the norms of the shift operators in Γ. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gene profiling approaches help to define the specific functions of retinoblastoma family in epidermis
Authors: Lara M. Fernanda , García‐Escudero Ramón , Ruiz Sergio , Santos Mirentxu , Moral Marta , Martínez‐Cruz Ana B. , Segrelles Carmen , Lorz Corina , Paramio Jesús M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe epidermal‐specific ablation of Rb gene leads to increased proliferation, aberrant differentiation, and the disengagement of these processes in vivo and in vitro. These differences in phenotype are more severe with the loss of p107, demonstrating the functional compensation between pRb and p107. As p107 and p130 also exert overlapping functions in epidermis, we have generated RbF19/F19K14cre;Rbl2−/− (pRb−;p130−) mice to analyze possible functional redundancies between pRb and p130. The epidermal phenotype was very similar between pRb− and pRb−;p130− mice, suggesting that pRb and p130 activities are not redundant in epidermis. Importantly, we can correlate the proliferation differences with specific changes in gene expression between pRb−, pRb−;p107− and pRb−;p130− primary keratinocytes using microarray analysis, and explain the phenotypes in the context of altered E2F expression and functionality. Our findings support a model in which the distinct retinoblastoma family members, in conjunction with E2F members, play a central role in regulating epidermal homeostasis through specific or overlapping activities. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐diol epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene induces transient Mdm2 and p53 Ser15 phosphorylation, while anti‐diol epoxide of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene induces a nontransient p53 Ser15 phosphorylation
Authors: Pääjärvi Gerd , Jernström Bengt , Seidel Albrecht , Stenius Ulla 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) are environmental contaminants and potent carcinogens. DBP is several orders of magnitude more mutagenic/carcinogenic than BP. This can be ascribed to differences in DNA binding efficiency of their ultimate carcinogenic bay‐ and fjord‐region diol epoxide (DE) intermediates, differences in structural features of the DNA adducts and differences in DNA adduct recognition and the subsequent downstream signaling. In this study, we have characterized the effect of the ultimate carcinogenic DEs, (+)‐anti‐BPDE and (−)‐anti‐DBPDE following short exposure times, on Mdm2 and p53 pathway in A549 human lung epithelial carcinoma cells. In contrast to (−)‐anti‐DBPDE, (+)‐anti‐BPDE induces stabilization of phosphorylated Mdm2. (+)‐anti‐BPDE‐induced effects on Mdm2 were transient and correlated with transient p53 Ser15 phosphorylation. DNA adducts of (−)‐anti‐DBPDE are more refractory to removal by nucleotide excision repair (NER) than adducts of (+)‐anti‐BPDE and do not induce Mdm2 phosphorylation. This suggests a role of phosphorylated Mdm2 in the repair process. In addition, (−)‐anti‐DBPDE, in contrast to (+)‐anti‐BPDE, induced prolonged p53 Ser15 phosphorylation as well as phosphorylation of p53 at Ser46, a phosphorylation site associated with apoptosis. It is also concluded that p53 Ser15 phosphorylation and antibody 2A10‐site specific Mdm2 alterations are induced by nonidentical signaling pathways by the bay‐ and fjord‐region DE. These differences may reflect the different carcinogenic potential of these compounds. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor‐mediated breast cancer in rats by soy protein
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sutapa , Rajaratnam Veera , Mukherjee Shyamali , Das Salil K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSoy protein is known to have breast tumor suppressing activity. The expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs), currently renamed as translocator protein (TSPO) and their associated functions, such as nuclear cholesterol uptake and content also have been shown to be increased in breast cancer. Here we investigated whether the breast tumor suppressing effects of soy protein is mediated by down‐regulation of PBR expression and function. Breast tumors were induced by gavage administration of a single dose (80 mg/kg) of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) into 50‐d old female Sprague Dawley rats, maintained on a standard AIN‐76A diet containing either casein or soy protein. Approximately 120 d following DMBA administration, the animals were sacrificed. All tumors were detected by palpation and at autopsy biopsy specimens were taken for histological grading. The ligand binding capacity, expression, and protein levels of PBRs, their nuclear localization and function, such as nuclear cholesterol uptake and content, were significantly increased in the tumors. However, replacement of casein by soy protein in the diet caused a significant decrease in all of these parameters. These data suggest that soy protein inhibits breast tumor development by decreasing the expression of the tumor‐promoting gene, which encodes PBRs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DLC‐1 suppresses non‐small cell lung cancer growth and invasion by RhoGAP‐dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Healy Kevin D. , Hodgson Louis , Kim Tai‐Young , Shutes Adam , Maddileti Savitri , Juliano Rudolph L. , Hahn Klaus M. , Harden T. Kendall , Bang Yung‐Jue , Der Channing J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractExpression of the tumor suppressor deleted in liver cancer‐1 (DLC‐1) is lost in non‐small cell lung (NSCLC) and other human carcinomas, and ectopic DLC‐1 expression dramatically reduces proliferation and tumorigenicity. DLC‐1 is a multi‐domain protein that includes a Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP) domain which has been hypothesized to be the basis of its tumor suppressive actions. To address the importance of the RhoGAP function of DLC‐1 in tumor suppression, we performed biochemical and biological studies evaluating DLC‐1 in NSCLC. Full‐length DLC‐1 exhibited strong GAP activity for RhoA as well as RhoB and RhoC, but only very limited activity for Cdc42 in vitro. In contrast, the isolated RhoGAP domain showed 5‐ to 20‐fold enhanced activity for RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, and Cdc42. DLC‐1 protein expression was absent in six of nine NSCLC cell lines. Restoration of DLC‐1 expression in DLC‐1‐deficient NSCLC cell lines reduced RhoA activity, and experiments with a RhoA biosensor demonstrated that DLC‐1 dramatically reduces RhoA activity at the leading edge of cellular protrusions. Furthermore, DLC‐1 expression in NSCLC cell lines impaired both anchorage‐dependent and ‐independent growth, as well as invasion in vitro. Surprisingly, we found that the anti‐tumor activity of DLC‐1 was due to both RhoGAP‐dependent and ‐independent activities. Unlike the rat homologue p122RhoGAP, DLC‐1 was not capable of activating the phospholipid hydrolysis activity of phospholipase C‐δ1. Combined, these studies provide information on the mechanism of DLC‐1 function and regulation, and further support the role of DLC‐1 tumor suppression in NSCLC. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis in ApcMin/+ mice by phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC)
Authors: Khor Tin Oo , Cheung William Ka Lung , Prawan Auemduan , Reddy Bandaru S. , Kong Ah‐Ng Tony 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPhenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an isothiocyanate which is a major constituent of watercress and other cruciferous vegetables. Its chemopreventive potential has been previously shown in various rodent models of cancer. In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive efficacy of PEITC in the ApcMin/+ mouse model. ApcMin/+ mice were fed with diet supplemented with 0.05% of PEITC for 3‐wk. Our results clearly demonstrated that ApcMin/+ mice fed with PEITC supplemented diet developed significantly less (31.7% reduction) and smaller polyps in comparison to mice fed with the standard AIN‐76A diet. Subsequent mechanistic study using Western blotting shows that inhibition of growth of adenomas by PEITC is associated with increase of apoptosis (cleaved‐caspase‐3, ‐caspase‐7, and PARP). Treatments also led to the inhibition of cell cycle‐related biomarkers such as the cyclins (D1, A, and E) and activation of p21. However, PEITC has no effect on the expression of p‐Erk, p‐JNK or p‐p38. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PEITC is a potent natural dietary compound for chemoprevention of gastrointestinal cancers. Its mechanism of actions may include induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precancerous carcinogenesis of human breast epithelial cells by chronic exposure to benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Siriwardhana Nalin , Wang Hwa‐Chain Robert 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo understand carcinogenesis of human breast epithelial cells induced by chronic exposure to environmental pollutants, we studied biological and molecular changes in progression of cellular carcinogenesis induced by accumulated exposures to the potent environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Increasing exposures of human breast epithelial MCF10A cells to B[a]P at picomolar concentrations resulted in cellular transformation from a noncancerous stage to precancerous substages, in which cells acquired the cancerous abilities of a reduced dependence on growth factors, anchorage‐independent growth, and disruption in acini formation on reconstituted basement membranes. Using cDNA microarrays, we detected seven upregulated genes related to human cancers in B[a]P‐transformed MCF10A cells. Using this model, we verified that green tea catechin significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed B[a]P‐induced carcinogenesis. Our studies indicate that this cellular model may serve as a cost‐efficient, in vitro system, mimicking the chronic carcinogenesis of breast cells that likely occurs in early stages of carcinogenesis in vivo, to identify agents that inhibit cellular carcinogenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A non‐coaxial constitutive model for sand deformation under rotation of principal stress axes
Authors: Lashkari Ali , Latifi Manouchehr 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA constitutive model for the simulation of non‐coaxiality, an aspect of anisotropic behavior of sand subjected to the rotation of the principal stress axes, is presented in this paper. Experimental studies have shown that non‐coaxiality or non‐coincidence of principal plastic strain increments with principal stress axes under loadings involving the rotation of principal stress axes may be considerable. Besides, the rotation of the principal stress axes results in dramatic effects on stiffness and dilatant behavior of sand. Therefore, the consequences of principal stress axes rotation on deformational behavior, dilatancy and soil stiffness must be taken into account in theoretical and practical problems.To this aim, the following steps are taken: (1) A general relationship for flow direction with respect to possibility of non‐coaxial flow is developed. Moreover, special circumstances linking non‐coaxiality to instantaneous interaction between loading and soil fabric are proposed. (2) Proposing novel expressions for plastic modulus and dilatancy function, the model is enforced to provide realistic simulations when sand is subjected to the rotation of the principal stress axes.Finally, with numerous examples and comparisons, the model capabilities are shown under various stress paths and drainage conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voiding urges perceived by patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome
Authors: Greenberg Patty , Brown Jessica , Yates Teresa , Brown Vivian , Langenberg Patricia , Warren John W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAimsInterstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a symptom‐based diagnosis. We studied the IC/PBS symptom commonly referred to as “urgency” and its relationship to IC/PBS pain in a group of women with recent onset of the disease.MethodsAs part of a case control study to identify risk factors for IC, cases completed a questionnaire including two statements regarding the perceived cause of their urge to void. One was related to fear of incontinence and the other was linked with relief of pain. A Likert scale indicating level of agreement/disagreement comprised the response options.ResultsMost respondents (65%) agreed with the statement linking urge with pain relief. A minority (21%) concurred with the fear of incontinence statement. Disagreement for both was found in 19%. A substantial proportion (46%) agreed with pain relief but also disagreed that urge is related to fear of incontinence. Those who reported urge to relieve pain were significantly more likely to report worsened pain with bladder filling and/or improved pain with voiding. There were no such associations with urge to prevent incontinence. Overactive bladder or diabetes prior to IC onset did not confound these results.ConclusionsAt least two distinct experiences of urge to urinate are evident in this population. For most, urge is linked with pain relief and is associated with bladder filling/emptying. About 1/5 reported urge to prevent incontinence. A similar portion did not agree with either urge, indicating that they may experience something altogether different, which requires further inquiry. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:287–290, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An isostatic assumed stress triangular element for the Reissner–Mindlin plate‐bending problem
Authors: Brasile Sandro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe paper describes a new assumed stress triangular element for Reissner–Mindlin plates, called TIP3, with three nodes and three degrees of freedom per node. The kinematics is constructed by means of the so‐called linked interpolation ruled by technically significant degrees of freedom (i.e. one transversal displacement and two rotations per node) without using additional bubble modes. The static representation starts from a moment–shear uncoupled polynomial approximation and is constrained to satisfy some equilibrium conditions in order to reduce the stress parameters to a minimum number. The resulting element is locking free, presents correct rank and passes the bending patch test even for very thin plates. The good performances of the element are demonstrated by several comparisons with other triangular plate elements available in the literature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.