bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroscopic Bell state between a millimeter-sized spin system and a superconducting qubit
Authors: Xu Da , Gu Xu-Ke , Weng Yuan-Chao , Li He-Kang , Wang Yi-Pu , Zhu Shi-Yao , You J Q 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Entanglement is a fundamental property in quantum mechanics that systems share inseparable quantum correlation regardless of their mutual distances. Owing to the fundamental significance and versatile applications, the generation of quantum entanglement between macroscopic systems has been a focus of current research. Here we report on the deterministic generation and tomography of the macroscopically entangled Bell state in a hybrid quantum system containing a millimeter-sized spin system (

∼

1
×

10

19

atoms) and a micrometer-sized superconducting qubit. The deterministic generation is realized by coupling the macroscopic spin system and the qubit via a microwave cavity. Also, we develop a joint tomography approach to confirming the deterministic generation of the Bell state, which gives a generation fidelity of

0.90
±
0.01

. Our work makes the macroscopic spin system the largest system (in the sense of atom number) capable of generating the maximally entangled quantum state.
Experimental investigations on sustainable mortar containing recycled seashell powder as cement partial replacement
Authors: Ahmed Saddam M , Chávez-Delgado Manuel , Avudaiappan Siva 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Creating sustainable mortar containing recycled seashells is an innovative approach that can contribute to environmental conservation and reduce waste. The use of seashells as a partial replacement for traditional raw materials in mortar can have several benefits, including conservation of natural resources, waste reduction, and improved material properties. The current study uses Marsh Clam seashells after crushing the cleaned seashells into powder. Heated ( up to 600C°) and unheated seashells were considered in the experimental investigation. In both batches, a seashell powder (heated and unheated) was replaced with OPC cement in proportions of 6, 9 and 12% in the mixing process. XRD, SEM, EDS and mechanical tests were employed to determine the crystal structure and to provide a comprehensive understanding of the physical, chemical, and structural characteristics of the substance. The study concluded that the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that is nature chemical form of seashells was turned to calcium oxide (CaO) during the heating process and the resulted product was highly reactive with water, improved microstructural properties of the concrete. It also promotes better particle packing, reduce porosity, and create a denser, more uniform concrete matrix and enhancing the overall performance of the material.
Taming travel time fluctuations through adaptive stop pooling
Authors: Lotze Charlotte , Marszal Philip , Schröder Malte , Timme Marc 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ride sharing services combine trips of multiple users in the same vehicle and may provide more sustainable transport than private cars. As mobility demand varies during the day, the travel times experienced by passengers may substantially vary as well, making the service quality unreliable. We show through model simulations that such travel time fluctuations may be drastically reduced by stop pooling. Having users walk to meet at joint locations for pick-up or drop-off allows buses to travel more direct routes by avoiding frequent door-to-door detours, especially during high demand. We in particular propose adaptive stop pooling by adjusting the maximum walking distance to the temporally and spatially varying demand. The results highlight that adaptive stop pooling may substantially reduce travel time fluctuations while even improving the average travel time of ride sharing services, especially for high demand. Such quality improvements may in turn increase the acceptance and adoption of ride sharing services.
Analysis and Benchmarking of feature reduction for classification under computational constraints
Authors: Subasi Omer , Ghosh Sayan , Manzano Joseph , Palmer Bruce , Marquez Andrés 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Machine learning is most often expensive in terms of computational and memory costs due to training with large volumes of data. Current computational limitations of many computing systems motivate us to investigate practical approaches, such as feature selection and reduction, to reduce the time and memory costs while not sacrificing the accuracy of classification algorithms. In this work, we carefully review, analyze, and identify the feature reduction methods that have low costs/overheads in terms of time and memory. Then, we evaluate the identified reduction methods in terms of their impact on the accuracy, precision, time, and memory costs of traditional classification algorithms. Specifically, we focus on the least resource intensive feature reduction methods that are available in Scikit-Learn library. Since our goal is to identify the best performing low-cost reduction methods, we do not consider complex expensive reduction algorithms in this study. In our evaluation, we find that at quadratic-scale feature reduction, the classification algorithms achieve the best trade-off among competitive performance metrics. Results show that the overall training times are reduced 61%, the model sizes are reduced 6×, and accuracy scores increase 25% compared to the baselines on average with quadratic scale reduction.
Comparative analysis of models in predicting the effects of SNPs on TF-DNA binding using large-scale in vitro and in vivo data
Authors: Han Dongmei , Li Yurun , Wang Linxiao , Liang Xuan , Miao Yuanyuan , Li Wenran , Wang Sijia , Wang Zhen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Non-coding variants associated with complex traits can alter the motifs of transcription factor (TF)–deoxyribonucleic acid binding. Although many computational models have been developed to predict the effects of non-coding variants on TF binding, their predictive power lacks systematic evaluation. Here we have evaluated 14 different models built on position weight matrices (PWMs), support vector machines, ordinary least squares and deep neural networks (DNNs), using large-scale in vitro (i.e. SNP-SELEX) and in vivo (i.e. allele-specific binding, ASB) TF binding data. Our results show that the accuracy of each model in predicting SNP effects in vitro significantly exceeds that achieved in vivo. For in vitro variant impact prediction, kmer/gkm-based machine learning methods (deltaSVM_HT-SELEX, QBiC-Pred) trained on in vitro datasets exhibit the best performance. For in vivo ASB variant prediction, DNN-based multitask models (DeepSEA, Sei, Enformer) trained on the ChIP-seq dataset exhibit relatively superior performance. Among the PWM-based methods, tRap demonstrates better performance in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In addition, we find that TF classes such as basic leucine zipper factors could be predicted more accurately, whereas those such as C2H2 zinc finger factors are predicted less accurately, aligning with the evolutionary conservation of these TF classes. We also underscore the significance of non-sequence factors such as cis-regulatory element type, TF expression, interactions and post-translational modifications in influencing the in vivo predictive performance of TFs. Our research provides valuable insights into selecting prioritization methods for non-coding variants and further optimizing such models.
DMAF-Net: deformable multi-scale adaptive fusion network for dental structure detection with panoramic radiographs
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Yuanjun , Liu Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Panoramic radiography is one of the most commonly used diagnostic modalities in dentistry. Automatic recognition of panoramic radiography helps dentists in decision support. In order to improve the accuracy of the detection of dental structural problems in panoramic radiographs, we have improved the You Only Look Once (YOLO) network and verified the feasibility of this new method in aiding the detection of dental problems.

Methods
We propose a Deformable Multi-scale Adaptive Fusion Net (DMAF-Net) to detect 5 types of dental situations (impacted teeth, missing teeth, implants, crown restorations, and root canal-treated teeth) in panoramic radiography by improving the YOLO network. In DMAF-Net, we propose different modules to enhance the feature extraction capability of the network as well as to acquire high-level features at different scales, while using adaptively spatial feature fusion to solve the problem of scale mismatches of different feature layers, which effectively improves the detection performance. In order to evaluate the detection performance of the models, we compare the experimental results of different models in the test set and select the optimal results of the models by calculating the average of different metrics in each category as the evaluation criteria.

Results
About 1474 panoramic radiographs were divided into training, validation, and test sets in the ratio of 7:2:1. In the test set, the average precision and recall of DMAF-Net are 92.7% and 87.6%, respectively; the mean Average Precision (mAP0.5 and mAP[0.5:0.95]) are 91.8% and 63.7%, respectively.

Conclusions
The proposed DMAF-Net model improves existing deep learning models and achieves automatic detection of tooth structure problems in panoramic radiographs. This new method has great potential for new computer-aided diagnostic, teaching, and clinical applications in the future.
Association of anxiety and recurrent cardiovascular events: investigating different aspects of anxiety
Authors: Leissner Philip , Held Claes , Humphries Sophia , Rondung Elisabet , Olsson Erik M G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
While elevated levels of anxiety are associated with worse prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this association may vary between different aspects of anxiety. The aim of this study was to analyse self-reported behavioural, physiological, affective, and cognitive aspects of anxiety and their relation to the risk of recurrent CV events.

Methods and results
This prospective cohort study utilized data from the U-CARE Heart trial. Participants (N = 935, post myocardial infarction) answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS: Anxiety subscale) and the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ: Fear, Avoidance & Attention subscales). HADS Anxiety reflected physiological aspects, CAQ Fear reflected cognitive and affective aspects, CAQ Avoidance reflected behavioural aspects, and CAQ Attention reflected cognitive aspects of anxiety. Cox regression was used to estimate the risk between anxiety and recurrent major adverse cardiac event (MACE). During the follow-up period (mean 2.9 years), 124 individuals (13%) experienced a specified MACE endpoint. HADS Anxiety and CAQ Total were both associated with increased risk of MACE [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15–2.02 and HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04–1.64, respectively]. Among the CAQ subscales, there was support for an association between Avoidance and risk of MACE (HR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.15–1.64), but not for Attention and Fear.

Conclusion
The results support that anxiety is associated with an increased risk of recurrent MACE in post-myocardial infarction patients. The association between anxiety and risk was strong for the aspects of anxiety relating to behaviour and physiology, while the support for an association with cognitive and affective aspects was lacking.
The double life of trichomes: understanding their dual role in herbivory and herbicide resistance
Authors: Johnson Nia M , Baucom Regina S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary forces that maintain phenotypic variation in ecologically relevant traits has long been one of the central goals of evolutionary ecology. While the maintenance of variation in plant defense is most often hypothesized to be due to trait trade-offs or spatiotemporal variation in herbivore abundance, the role that heterogeneous selective agents may play on the maintenance of variation in plant defense is less examined. Trichomes are hair-like appendages on plant surfaces that can defend against multiple damaging agents such as pathogens, herbivores, and UV radiation. It is currently unknown however if conflicting selection from such heterogeneous agents of damage may act to maintain the variation observed in trichome traits. Here, we assess whether trichomes serve as an herbicide resistance trait and how it coincides with the conventionally studied defensive strategy of herbivory resistance. In a series of experiments, we exposed the annual invasive velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) to glyphosate (active ingredient in “Roundup”) to investigate whether trichome traits (type and density) are linked to herbicide resistance and to test whether herbicide influences selection on plant trichomes. We found that an increased proportion of branched trichomes positively impacted herbicide resistance and chewing herbivory resistance. We also found evidence that glyphosate imposes positive selection on branched trichomes in velvetleaf. Overall, our results indicate that branched trichomes can contribute to both herbicide and herbivory resistance, serving a concordant rather than conflicting role to reduce plant injury. Our findings further suggest that novel anthropogenic agents of selection can alter the composition of plant defense traits, potentially impacting trait-mediated interactions among external stressors.
(Z, Z, Z)-3,6,9-Nonadecadiene, a potential inhibitor of sex pheromone of Grey Tea Geometrid (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): electroantennogram test, wind tunnel, and in silico study
Authors: Lu Hao , Wu Qimeng , Yang Yun-Qiu , Li Qian-Kun , Huang Yan-Zhang , Li Yuan-Chuan , Wan Xiao-chun , Guo Feng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Sex pheromone analogs have high structural similarity to sex pheromone components. They also play a role in studying many agricultural pests. In our study, (Z, Z, Z)-3,6,9-nonadecadiene (Z3Z6Z9-19:Hy) was successfully synthesized, which is an analogue to 1 of 2 sex pheromone components of Ectropis grisescens Warren (Z, Z, Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene (Z3Z6Z9-18:Hy), and it showed potential inhibition in experiments. In the electroantennogram test, Z3Z6Z9-19:Hy showed a dose-dependent response, and only measured half the response of Z3Z9-6,7-epo-18:Hy. However, the compound significantly reduced positive response of E. grisescens males by up to 70% in the Y-tube olfactometer. Furthermore, in the wind tunnel, it significantly inhibited all types of behavioral responses. The percentage of moths contacting the pheromone odor source was reduced even at the lowest dose tested. In silico study afterward, molecular docking results showed affinity between Z3Z6Z9-19:Hy and sensory neuron membrane protein 1. Our study revealed the potential of Z3Z6Z9-19:Hy as a sex pheromone inhibitor, which would provide new tools for monitoring and mating disruption of E. grisescens.
Development of a core outcome set for treatment studies for provoked vestibulodynia
Authors: Bohm-Starke Nina , Pukall Caroline , Österberg Marie , Ahlberg Maria , Jonsson Ann Kristine , Tranæus Sofia , Kempe Susanna , Hellberg Christel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
There is an inconsistency in treatment outcomes used in clinical trials for provoked vestibulodynia (PVD), which makes it impossible to compare the effects of different interventions.

Aim
In this study, we completed the first step in creating a core outcome set (COS), defining what outcomes should be measured in clinical trials for PVD.

Methods
Identification of outcomes used in studies was done by extracting data from clinical trials in a recently published systematic review and via review of clinical trials for PVD registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. The COS process consisted of 2 rounds of Delphi surveys and a consensus meeting, during which the final COS was decided through a modified nominal group technique.

Outcomes
Consensus on what outcomes to include in a COS for PVD.

Results
Forty scientific articles and 92 study protocols were reviewed for outcomes. Of those, 36 articles and 25 protocols were eligible, resulting in 402 outcomes, which were then categorized into 63 unique outcomes. Participants consisted of patients, relatives/partners of patients, health care professionals, and researchers. Out of 463 who registered for participation, 319 and 213 responded to the first and second surveys, respectively. The consensus meeting consisted of 18 members and resulted in 6 outcomes for the COS to be measured in all treatment trials regardless of intervention: insertional pain (nonsexual), insertional pain (sexual), provoked vulvar pain by pressure/contact, pain-related interference on one’s life, pain interference on sexual life, and sexual function.

Clinical Implications
Critical outcomes to be measured in clinical trials will allow for accurate comparison of outcomes across treatment interventions and provide solid treatment recommendations.

Strengths and Limitations
The major strengths of the study are the adherence to methodological recommendations and the intentional focus on aspects of diversity of participating stakeholders (eg, status such as patients with lived experience and researchers, inclusiveness with respect to sexual identity), the latter of which will allow for broader application and relevance of the COS. Among the limitations of the study are the low rate of participants outside North America and Europe and the lower response rate (about 50%) for the second Delphi survey.

Conclusion
In this international project, patients, health care professionals, and researchers have decided what critical outcomes are to be used in future clinical trials for PVD. Before the COS can be fully implemented, there is also a need to decide on how and preferably when the outcomes should be measured.
The impact of sire breed on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef × Holstein steers
Authors: Basiel Bailey L , Campbell Jonathan A , Dechow Chad D , Felix Tara L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dairy herds are mating a portion of cows to beef cattle semen to create a value-added calf. Objectives of this study were to compare the feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef × Holstein steers by breed when sires represented bulls with commercially available semen. Three groups of single-born, male calves (n = 262) born to Holstein dams on 10 Pennsylvania dairies were sourced during 3 yr. Steers were sired by seven beef breeds: Angus, Charolais, Limousin, Hereford, Red Angus, Simmental, and Wagyu. Steers were picked up within a week of age and raised at two preweaned calf facilities until weaning (8 ± 1 wk of age) under similar health and management protocols. Steers were then transported to a commercial calf growing facility where they were managed as a single group until 10 ± 2 mo of age when they were moved to be finished at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture’s Livestock Evaluation Center feedlot. Groups of steers were selected for slaughter based on body weight. Carcass characteristics were evaluated by trained personnel and a three-rib section of the longissimus muscle (LM) was collected from each carcass for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) evaluation and intramuscular fat determination. Steers sired by all sire breeds except for Limousin had greater average daily gain (ADG; 1.62 to 1.76 kg/d) than Wagyu × Holstein steers (1.39 kg/d; P &lt; 0.05). Angus-sired steers had an 8.6% greater ADG than Red Angus-sired steers (P &lt; 0.05). Angus, Charolais (1.73 kg/d), and Simmental-sired steers (1.68 kg/d) also had greater ADG than Limousin-sired steers (1.55 kg/d; P &lt; 0.05). Wagyu × Holstein steers spent 5 to 26 more days on feed (P &lt; 0.05) than Limousin × Holstein, Simmental × Holstein, Angus × Holstein, and Charolais × Holstein steers. Angus and Charolais-sired steers were also on feed for 19 and 21 d fewer, respectively, than Limousin-sired steers (P &lt; 0.05). Red Angus-sired steers had greater marbling scores than Simmental and Limousin-sired steers and Angus and Charolais-sired steers had greater marbling scores than Limousin-sired steers (P &lt; 0.05). Angus, Limousin, and Hereford-sired steers produced the most tender LM as evaluated by WBSF; Angus-sired carcasses (3.82 kg) were more tender than Charolais (4.30 kg) and Simmental-sired carcasses (4.51 kg; P &lt; 0.05). Limousin and Hereford-sired steers (3.70 and 3.83 kg, respectively) also had more tender steaks than Simmental-sired steers.
Scutellaria barbata D.Don extract regulates Ezrin-mediated triple negative breast cancer progress via suppressing the RhoA /ROCK1 signaling
Authors: Niu Junjie , Hu Jinyang , Wang Zhu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks effective therapeutic targets. Scutellaria barbata D.Don (SB) has been revealed to have anti-breast cancer (BC) effect, but the effect of SB extract in TNBC is still unclear. Herein, this research delves into the underlying mechanism.

Methods
SB was extracted by solvent extraction, and the main components were identified using an Agilent 6,520 HPLC-Chip/Q-TOF (Chip/Q-TOF) MS system. In vitro cell experiments were conducted. The effects of SB extract alone, SB extract plus EGF, GSK alone, GSK plus Ezrin overexpression, or SB extract plus Ezrin overexpression on cell viability, invasion, migration, and apoptosis were examined by cell function experiments. The apoptosis- and RhoA/ROCK1 pathway-related protein levels were analyzed by western blot assay.

Results
Mass spectrometry analysis exhibited that SB extract mainly contains long-chain fatty acids and ursolic acid. SB extract mitigated TNBC cell biological phenotypes, apoptosis- and RhoA/ROCK1 pathway-related marker expressions, which were reversed by EGF. The further results found that GSK obviously weakens TNBC cell biological behaviors, apoptosis- and RhoA/ROCK1 signaling-related protein levels, while oe-Ezrin treatment reverses the effect of GSK on TNBC cells. Moreover, SB extract regulated Ezrin-mediated function of TNBC cells by impeding the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that SB extract regulated Ezrin-mediated proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of TNBC cells via suppressing the RhoA /ROCK1 signaling. Our results offer the experimental foundation for further investigation of the anti-cancer role of SB in TNBC cells.

Highlights
Identification and Molecular Characterization of Dahlia Common Mosaic Virus from Silphium spp., a New Natural Host of the Virus
Authors: Zhai Ying , Gnanasekaran Prabu , Iftikhar Romana , Turner Kathryn , Van Tassel David , Cassetta Eric , Lubin Terra , Pappu Hanu R. 
Published: March 2024

Dahlia common mosaic virus (DCMV) was previously reported to infect only dahlias ( Dahlia variabilis). However, DCMV was identified for the first time in association with Silphium spp. The complete genome of DCMV was cloned and sequenced from naturally occurring symptomatic silphium plants grown in Kansas. The two DCMV silphium isolates sequenced showed over 98% sequence identity with those reported from dahlia ( D. variabilis). The D. variabilis endogenous pararetroviral sequence (DvEPRS) was also detected in all 19 silphium samples tested in this study, suggesting that DvEPRS may exist as an integrated sequence in the silphium genome as well. Our findings indicate that the host range of DCMV appears to include other plant species besides dahlia. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .