bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scar-driven shape-changes of virus capsids
Authors: Iorio Alfredo , Sen Siddhartha 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
We propose that certain patterns (scars) could be relevant to extend the classic Caspar and Klug construction for icosahedrally-shaped virus capsids. These scars are theoretically and numerically predicted to be formed by electrons arranged on a sphere to minimize the repulsive Coulomb potential (the Thomson problem) and are experimentally found in spherical crystals formed by self-assembled polystyrene beads (an instance of the generalized Thomson problem). Scars could be produced on the capsid at an intermediate stage of its evolution and the release of the bending energy present in scars into stretching energy could allow for shape-changes. The conjecture can be tested in experiments and/or in numerical simulations.
Introito-cervical sigmoid colon transpositioning procedure
Authors: Cam Cetim , Celik Cem , Sakalli Mustafa , Baykal Bahar , Karateke Ates 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The reported incidence of vaginal agenesis varies from 1 in 4,000 to 1 in 80,000 and individuals with congenital absence of vagina usually are first seen by a gynecologist at ages 14 to 15 years, when the absence of menses causes concern. A colon-introitus anastomosis was performed with interrupted absorbable sutures after opening peritoneum on müllerien dimple by sharp dissection using a guide inserted through the created perineo-abdominal tunnel. A rare case of vaginal agenesis with a septate uterus and normal tubes and ovaries is reported. Sigmoid vaginoplasty seemed the most appropriate procedure for the case and the continuity of the genital tract was well established as the patient menstruated vaginally after the operation.
The correlation of apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) with myocardial infarction
Authors: Agoston-Coldea Lucia , Mocan Teodora , Gatfossé Marc , Dumitrascu Dan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Recent evidence shows that apolipoprotein (apo) B, apoB/apoA-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) are better indicators of coronary risk than the conventional lipid profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of apoA-I and B, and lipoprotein(a) with myocardial infarction (MI). We performed a cross-sectional study including 208 patients (100 men and 108 women), with and without previous MI evaluated by coronary angiography. The severity of coronary heart disease was scored on the basis of the number and extent of lesions in the coronary arteries. Lipid levels were measured by the enzymatic method and apolipoprotein levels were measured by the immunoturbidimetric method. The MI group had higher plasmatic levels of lipoprotein(a) (0.37±0.28 vs. 0.29±0.23 g/L, p<0.05), apoB (1.13±0.40 vs. 0.84±0.28 g/L, p<0.05) and of the apoB/apoA-I ratio (0.77±0.37 vs. 0.68±0.20, p<0.05) compared to controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) suggested a good reliability in the diagnose of coronary heart disease for the apoB/apoA-I ratio (0.756, p<0.05), apoB (0.664, p<0.05), lipoprotein(a) (0.652, p<0.05) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (0.688, p<0.05). Multivariate analysis performed with adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors, showed that the levels of lipoprotein(a), apoB and apoB/apoA-I ratio are significant independent cardiovascular risk factors. Our results indicate that there is an important relationship among high plasma apoB concentration, lipoprotein(a) concentration, the apoB/apoA-I ratio, and MI. We showed that the apoB/apoA-I ratio has a stronger correlation with MI than the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio. We therefore suggest using apoB/apoA-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice as a markers of MI risk.
Theoretical analysis of crosstalk between oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin in focal brain-activation measurements by near-infrared topography
Authors: Kawaguchi H. , Okui N. , Sakaguchi K. , Okada E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe crosstalk between concentration changes in oxygenated haemoglobin and deoxygenated haemoglobin calculated by the modified Lambert-Beer law in near-infrared topography is theoretically investigated. The changes in intensity detected with probe pairs on the scalp caused by the concentration change in either oxygenated or deoxygenated haemoglobin induced by the focal brain activation is predicted by Monte Carlo simulation. The topographic images of the changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin are obtained from the changes in the intensity of light at two wavelengths detected by probe pairs to evaluate the crosstalk. The crosstalk slightly depends on the positional relationship between the probe arrangement and the focal brain activation and is minimised when the focal brain activation is located below a measurement point that is the midpoint between a probe pair. The 690-/830-nm wavelength pair is practically effective for reducing the crosstalk, especially the crosstalk from oxygenated haemoglobin to deoxygenated haemoglobin, in the NIR topography.
Compression evaluation of surgery video recordings retaining diagnostic credibility (compression evaluation of surgery video)
Authors: Duplaga M. , Leszczuk M. , Papir Z. , Przelaskowski A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWider dissemination of medical digital video libraries is affected by two correlated factors, resource effective content compression that directly influences its diagnostic credibility. It has been proved that it is possible to meet these contradictory requirements halfway for long-lasting and low motion surgery recordings at compression ratios close to 100 (bronchoscopic procedures were a case study investigated). As the main supporting assumption, it has been accepted that the content can be compressed as far as clinicians are not able to sense a loss of video diagnostic fidelity (a visually lossless compression).Different market codecs were inspected by means of the combined subjective and objective tests toward their usability in medical video libraries. Subjective tests involved a panel of clinicians who had to classify compressed bronchoscopic video content according to its quality under the bubble sort algorithm. For objective tests, two metrics (hybrid vector measure and hosaka Plots) were calculated frame by frame and averaged over a whole sequence.
Preparation of Enantiomerically Enriched (1

S

)‐1‐Phenylpropan‐1‐Amine Hydrochloride by a Catalytic Addition of Diorganozinc Reagents to Imines
Authors: Desrosiers Jean‐Nicolas , Côté Alexandre , Boezio Alessandro A. , Charette André B. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

P, P
‐Diphenylphosphinic amide

Benzaldehyde

p
‐Toluenesulfinic acid

N
‐[(4‐Methylphenyl)sulfonyl(phenyl)methyl]
P,P
‐diphenylphosphinic amide

N
‐[(Phenyl)methylene]‐
P,P
‐diphenylphosphinic amide

Methanesulfonic acid, trifluro,‐ copper(2+) salt

(
R,R)
‐BozPHOS

Diethylzinc

N
‐[(1
S)
‐1‐Phenylpropyl]‐
P,P
‐diphenylphosphinic amide

(1
S
)‐1‐Phenylpropan‐1‐amine hydrochloride
Oxidation of Nerol to Neral with Iodosobenzene and
TEMPO
Authors: Piancatelli Giovanni , Leonelli Francesca 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

(
Z
)‐3, 7‐Dimethyl‐2,6‐ocatadien‐1‐ol

Nerol

2, 2, 6, Tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl

Iodobenzene diacetate

(
Z
)‐3, 7‐Dimethyl‐2, 6‐ocatdien‐1‐al

Neral

TEMPO
Fragmentation‐Recombination
N
azarov Cyclization: 3,4‐Dimethylcyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one
Authors: Schwartz Keith D. , White James D. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Crotonic acid

Isopropyl (
E
)‐but‐2‐enoate

3, 4‐Dimethylcyclopent‐2‐enone
Au(
I
)‐Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes: 2,8‐Nonanedione
Authors: Mizushima Eiichiro , Cui Dong‐Mei , Nath Dilip Chandra Deb , Hayashi Teruyuki , Tanaka Masato 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Methyl(triphenylphosphine)gold

1,8‐Nonadiyne

2,8‐Nonanedione
Catalytic Asymmetric Acylation of Alcohols Using a Chiral 1,2‐Diamine Derived from (

S

)‐Proline: (1

S

,2

S

)‐

trans

‐1‐Benzoyloxy‐2‐bromocyclohexane
Authors: Terakado Dai , Oriyama Takeshi 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Di‐
tert‐
butyl dicarbonate

Tert‐
Butoxycarbonyl‐L‐proline

Isoindoline

1,3‐Dihydroisoindole

Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

(
S)‐N‐(N‐tert‐
Butoxycarbonylprolyl)dihydroisoindole

Trans‐
2‐Bromocyclohexanol

(S)‐
1‐Methyl‐2‐[(dihydroisoindol‐2‐yl)methyl]pyrrolidine

(1
S,
2
S)
‐1‐Benzoyloxy‐2‐bromocyclohexane
Synthesis of (−)‐(

S

,

S

)‐ Bis(4‐isopropyloxazoline)
Authors: Evans David , Woerpel Keith A. , Nosse Bernd , Schall Andreas , Shinde Yogesh , Jezek Eva , Haque Mohammad Mahbubul , Chhor R. B. , Reiser Oliver 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

2,2‐Dimethyl‐propanedioyl dichloride

(
l
)‐Valinol
5‐endo‐trigCyclization of 1,1‐Difluoro‐1‐alkenes: Synthesis of 3‐Butyl‐2‐fluoro‐1‐tosylindole
Authors: Ichikawa Junji , Nadano Ryo , Mori Takashi , Wada Yukinori 
Published: September 2008

Abstracto‐(1,1‐Difluorhex‐1‐en‐2‐yl)anilineo′‐(1,1‐Difluorohex‐1‐en‐2‐yl)‐p‐toluenesulfonanilide3‐Butyl‐2‐fluoro‐1‐tosylindole2,2,2‐Trifluoroethylp‐toluenesulfonateTrimethylamine oxideTetrabutylammonium fluorideo‐IodoanilineTriphenylphosphineTris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)‐chloroform (1/1)
(

R

,

R

)‐2,2′‐Bispyrrolidine and (

S

,

S

)‐2,2′‐Bispyrrolidine: Useful Ligands for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Fu Jiping , Lawler Michael J. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

2, 2‐Bispyrrolidine

(R,R)
‐2,2′‐Bispyrrolidine·(L)‐tartrate

(S,S)
‐2,2′‐Bispyrrolidine·(D) tartrate

(R,R)
‐2,2′‐Bispyrrolidine

(S,S)
‐2,2′‐Bispyrrolidine
Synthesis of (+)‐(1

R

,2

S

,9

S

)‐11‐Methyl‐7,11‐Diazatricyclo[7.3.1.0
2,7
]Tridecane, A (+)‐Sparteine Surrogate
Authors: Dixon Amanda J. , McGrath Matthew J. , O'Brien Peter 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

(−)‐Cytisine

(−)‐Methyl (1
R
,9
R
)‐6‐Oxo‐7,11‐diazatricyclo[7.3.1.0
2,7
]trideca‐2,4‐diene‐11‐ carboxylic acid

(+)‐(1
R
,2
S
,9
S
)‐11‐Methyl‐7,11‐diazatricyclo[7.3.1.0
2,7
]tridecane
2‐(2′,2′‐Dimethylpropoxy)‐2,3‐Dihydro‐1

H

‐Indene
Authors: Bajwa Joginder S. , Prasad Kapa , Repič Oljan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

1
H
‐Indene,2‐(2,2‐dimethylpropoxy)‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐indanol

Silane, [(2,3‐dihydro‐1
H
‐inden‐2‐yl)oxy](1,1‐dimethylethyl)dimethyl

Imidazole

Tert
‐Butyldimethylsilyl chloride

Bismuth bromide

Triethylsilane

Trimethylacetaldehyde
Preparation of (

S

)‐Methyl Glycidate via Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Stevenson Christian P. , Nielsen Lars P. C. , Jacobsen Eric N. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

(
S)‐
Methyl glycidate

Methyl acrylate

(+/−)‐Methyl glycidate

(
R,R
)‐(−)‐
N,N
′‐Bis(3,5‐di‐
tert
‐butylsalicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediaminocobalt(II)
Trifluoromethylation at the α‐Position of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: 4‐Phenyl‐3‐(Trifluoromethyl)Butan‐2‐One
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Omote Masaaki , Ando Akira , Kumadaki* Itsumaro 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

4‐Phenyl‐3‐buten‐2‐one

Rhodium, chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)‐

Trifluoroiodomethane

Diethyl zinc

4‐Phenyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)butan‐2‐one
Trifluoromethanesulfonimide‐Catalyzed (2 + 2)‐Cycloaddition of Silyl Enol Ethers with α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: 1‐(
tert
‐Butyldimethylsiloxy)‐8‐(Methoxycarbonyl)‐6‐Methylbicyclo[4.2.0]Octane
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei , Ishii Takayuki , Inanaga Kazato 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

1‐
tert
‐Butyldimethylsilyloxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐cyclohexene

1‐(
tert
‐Butyldimethylsilyoxy)‐8‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐6‐methylbicyclo[4.2.0]octane

Trifluoromethanesulfonimide

Methyl acrylate
2‐Substituted‐1,3‐Cyclohexadienes by Intermolecular, Methylene‐Free Tandem Enyne Metathesis
Authors: Kulkarni Amol A. , Diver Steven T. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Propargyl alcohol

Benzoyl chloride

Triethylamine

4‐Pyridinamine,
N,N
‐dimethyl (DMAP)

Propargyl benzoate

cis
‐Polybutadiene

Ethyl vinyl ether

Ruthenium [1,3‐bis‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐2‐imidazolidinyidine]‐
Synthesis of Dithieno[3,2‐

b

:2′,3′‐

d

]Thiophene
Authors: Frey Joseph , Proemmel Steffen , Armitage Michael A. , Holmes Andrew B. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Tetrabromothiophene

N
‐Formylpiperidine

3,4‐Dibromo‐2,5‐diformylthiophene

Ethyl 2‐mercaptoacetate

Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester

Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid

Dithieno[3,2‐b:2, 3′‐d]thiophene
Iridium‐Catalyzed

N

‐Heterocyclization of Primary Amines with Diols:

N

‐Benzylpiperidine
Authors: Fujita Ken‐ichi , Enoki Youichiro , Yamaguchi Ryohei 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Di‐μ‐chloro‐dichlorobis(η
5
‐pentamethylcyclopentadieneyl)diiridium

1, 5‐Pentanediol

Benzylamine

N
‐Benzylpiperidine
Gene expression and association analyses of the phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) gene in major depressive disorder in the Japanese population
Authors: Numata Shusuke , Iga Jun‐ichi , Nakataki Masahito , Tayoshi Shin'Ya , Taniguchi Kyoko , Sumitani Satsuki , Tomotake Masahito , Tanahashi Toshihito , Itakura Mitsuo , Kamegaya Yoko , Tatsumi Masahiko , Sano Akira , Asada Takashi , Kunugi Hiroshi , Ueno Shu‐ichi , Ohmori Tetsuro 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) interacts with disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), which is a known genetic risk factor for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD). PDE4B is also important in the regulation of cAMP signaling, a second messenger implicated in learning, memory, and mood. In this study, we determined mRNA expression levels of the PDE4B gene in the peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with MDD and control subjects (n = 33, each). Next we performed two‐stage case‐controlled association analyses (first set; case = 174, controls = 348; second set; case = 481, controls = 812) in the Japanese population to determine if the PDE4B gene is implicated in MDD. In the leukocytes, a significantly higher expression of the PDE4B mRNA was observed in the drug‐naïve MDD patients compared with control subjects (P < 0.0001) and the expression of the MDD patients significantly decreased after antidepressant treatment (P = 0.030). In the association analysis, we observed significant allelic associations of four SNPs (the most significant, rs472952; P = 0.002) and a significant haplotypic association (permutation P = 0.019) between the PDE4B gene and MDD in the first‐set samples. However, we could not confirm these significant associations in the following independent second‐set of samples. Our results suggest that the PDE4B gene itself does not link to MDD but the elevated mRNA levels of PDE4B might be implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide linkage of cotinine pharmacokinetics suggests candidate regions on chromosomes 9 and 11
Authors: He Yungang , Bergen Andrew W. , Hops Hyman , Andrews Judy A. , Tildesley Elizabeth , Lessov‐Schlaggar Christina N. , Webster Cris , Benowitz Neal , Swan Gary E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCharacterizing cotinine pharmacokinetics is a useful way to study nicotine metabolism because the same liver enzyme is primarily responsible for the metabolism of both, and the clearances of nicotine and cotinine are highly correlated. We conducted a whole‐genome linkage analysis to search for candidate regions influencing quantitative variation in cotinine pharmacokinetics in a large‐scale pharmacokinetic study with 61 families containing 224 healthy adult participants. The strongest linkage signal was identified at 135 cM of chromosome 9 with LOD = 2.81 andP = 0.0002; two other suggestive linkage peaks appear at 31.4 and 73.5 cM of chromosome 11 with LOD = 1.96 (P = 0.0013) and 1.94 (P = 0.0014). The confidence level of the linkage between the three genome regions and cotinine pharmacokinetics is statistically significant with a genome‐wide empirical probability ofP = 0.029. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enclosure environment affects the activity budgets of captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Jaman M. Firoj , Huffman Michael A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIndividuals adapt to changes in their environment, such as food availability and temperature, by adjusting the amount of time spent in different behavioral activities. These adjustments in behavior should vary across age–sex class according to specific physiological and social needs. We studied the activity budgets of three social Japanese macaque groups inhabiting either vegetated or nonvegetated enclosures in order to compare the effects of access with vegetation, as both food and substrate on resting, feeding, grooming and moving activities over a 12‐month period. Daily access to natural foods for monkeys in the vegetated enclosure seems to be largely responsible for the differences in daily time budgets of these three groups. Resting time in all three groups was longer than the time devoted to other activities. Resting and moving time in the two nonvegetated enclosures was significantly longer than in the vegetated enclosure. In contrast, feeding and grooming time was significantly longer in the vegetated enclosure. Seasonal variation in time spent feeding, resting and grooming was significantly effected by enclosure type. In all three enclosures, immatures, particularly females, spent more time feeding and moving, whereas adults spent more time resting. Significant monthly variation in time spent by age–sex class was noted only for feeding and resting. Interestingly, in the vegetated enclosure, time spent feeding on natural vegetation was equal to the amount of time spent feeding on provisioned food. This suggests that factors other than energetic and nutritional needs may be important determinants of the activity budget of the species. These results have important implications for the enrichment of captive primates and our understanding of the maintenance of activity patterns by primates in the wild. Am. J. Primatol. 70:1133–1144, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermoregulated ionic liquids and their application for the hydroformylation of 1‐dodecene catalyzed by Rh/TPPTS complex
Authors: Tan Bo , Jiang Jingyang , Wang Yanhua , Wei Li , Chen Dianjun , Jin Zilin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBased on the synthesis of a new kind of room temperature ionic liquids, quaternary ammonium alkanesulfonate salts tailed with polyether chain to their alkyl group, a thermoregulated ionic liquid biphase system composed of ILPEG750, n‐heptane and toluene was developed. The system was applied in the hydroformylation of 1‐dodecene catalyzed by Rh/TPPTS complex. Under the optimum conditions, the conversion of 1‐dodecene and yield of aldehyde are 99% and 97%, respectively. In addition, the catalyst could be easily separated from products by phase separation and efficiently recovered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New antimicrobial polyurea: Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activities of polyurea‐containing thiosemicarbazide–metal complexes
Authors: Nishat Nahid , Ahamad Tansir , Zulfequar M. , Hasnain Sumaiya 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA novel class of polymer–metal complexes was prepared by the condensation of a polymeric ligand with transition‐metal ions. The polymeric ligand was prepared by the addition polymerization of thiosemicarbazides with toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate in a 1 : 1 molar ratio. The polymeric ligand and its polymer–metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 13C‐NMR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The geometries of the central metal ions were determined by electronic spectra (UV–visible) and magnetic moment measurement. The antibacterial activities of all of the synthesized polymers were investigated against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi (Gram negative). These compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities against these bacteria with the spread plate method on agar plates, and the number of viable bacteria were counted after 24 h of incubation period at 37°C. The antibacterial activity results revealed that the Cu(II) chelated polyurea showed a higher antibacterial activity than the other metal‐chelated polyureas. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Development of thermoplastic polyurethane vascular prostheses
Authors: Kang Yun Kyung , Park Chung Hee , Chang Hak , Minn Kyungwon , Park Chan Young 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this study, the optimum electrospinning conditions for a thermoplastic polyurethane/N,N‐dimethylformamide solution were sought. Under these conditions, polyurethane tubes for artificial blood vessels were produced via electrospinning, and various properties of the specimen were measured. The optimum electrospinning conditions were a concentration of 16 wt %, a voltage of 13.0 kV, and a tip‐to‐collector distance of 15 cm at 27°C and 80% relative humidity. The thermal behavior from a differential scanning calorimeter showed that this polyurethane web was thermally stable in the body temperature range. Enzyme hydrolysis of the web revealed that the polyurethane vascular prostheses would perform as nondegradable blood vessels in the body system. The pore size range of the electrospun polyurethane vascular prostheses was 0–3.5 μm. With a tensile stress of about 8–9 MPa and a tensile strain of about 80%, the tensile properties were expected to be superior to those of existing vascular prostheses made of polyester and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. In the last stage, heparin and collagen were treated on the surfaces of artificial vessels to reduce the probability of thrombi forming during the initial stage of grafting, and so the treated specimens exhibited a lower possibility of thrombi forming than untreated ones in a blood coagulation test. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Microporous activated carbon spheres prepared from resole‐type crosslinked phenolic beads by physical activation
Authors: Singh Arjun , Lal Darshan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMicroporous activated carbon spheres (ACSs) with a high specific Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area were prepared from resole‐type spherical crosslinked phenolic beads (PBs) by physical activation. The PBs used as precursors were synthesized in our laboratory through the mixing of phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of an alkaline medium by suspension polymerization. The effects of the gasification time, temperature, and flow rate of the gasifying agent on the surface properties of ACSs were investigated. ACSs with a controllable pore structure derived from carbonized PBs were prepared by CO2 gasification. Surface properties of ACSs, such as the BET surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and pore diameters, were characterized with BET and Dubinin–Reduchkevich equations based on N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K. The results showed that ACSs with a 32–88% extent of burn‐off with CO2 gasification exhibited a BET surface area ranging from 574 to 3101 m2/g, with the pore volume significantly increased from 0.29 to 2.08 cm3/g. The pore size and its distribution could be tailored by the selection of suitable conditions, including the gasification time, temperature, and flow rate of the gasifying agents. The experimental results of this analysis revealed that ACSs obtained under different conditions were mainly microporous. The development of the surface morphology of ACSs was also studied with scanning electron microscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Solubility and sorption energetics of methyl salicylate in chloro‐butyl rubber
Authors: Bakken Egil 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEquilibrium solubilities of methyl salicylate (MS) in chloro‐butyl rubber (CIIR) are measured at 318 and 333 K at several MS vapor pressures. The partial molar enthalpy of absorption, Habs, of MS(g) in CIIR and the partial molar enthalpy of mixing, Hmix, of MS(l) in CIIR are derived from the measured isotherms. The enthalpies are regarded as constant in the present concentration interval, and Habs and Hmix are −50.3 ± 3 kJ (mol MS(g))−1 and 4.7 ± 3 kJ (mol MS(l))−1, respectively. The Flory interaction parameter is calculated from the enthalpy of mixing, and the obtained Flory solution model agrees well with the present solubility data. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008