bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aeolian system responses to global change: challenges of scale, process and temporal integration
Authors: Thomas David S. G. , Wiggs Giles F. S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAeolian sediment systems are extensive components of the Earth's surface – not just in today's active desert environments, but in coastal locations and as presently stable loess and peri‐desert ergs. All these systems are subject to potentially significant 21st century changes in dynamics due to global warming impacts on atmospheric circulation, sediment moisture and vegetation cover. But do we know enough in the critical areas of science to allow robust models of likely future dynamics to be developed? Since the establishment of ‘modern’ aeolian science, research has largely taken two divergent routes: (1) small‐scale investigations of the processes of wind shear, sediment entrainment and transportation; and (2) landform and landscape analyses, with bedform systems described and relationships to circulation explained. An intermediate, sedimentological, route has generated attempts towards a more integrated understanding of system behaviour at a range of scales. Four recent developments provide the potential for more robust multiscale integrations of aeolian system behaviour. These are: (1) advances in empirical measurement that allow wind power and sediment flux relations to be better described; (2) modelling of dune and dust dynamics and interactions with key controls; (3) monitoring systems that allow high‐resolution observations of sediment flux variations to be recognized and aeolian deposit structures to be understood; and (4) chronometric advances that permit the assessment of the frequency and drivers of dune system activity in the past. We explore and analyse these methodological advances and their potential contribution to the multiscale integrations that are essential for better informed predictions of future global aeolian system dynamics, considering whether the integration of these advances in reductionist and holistic elements of aeolian science represent an example of the effective application of the principles of Earth system science. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction in the two‐way random‐effect model with heteroskedasticity
Authors: Kouassi Eugene , Kymn Kern O. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper we extend Taub (1979) approach for prediction in the context of the variance components model. The extension obtained is based on the two‐way random‐effect model with heteroskedasticity. Prediction functions are then obtained in three heteroskedasticity cases (heteroskedasticity on the individual term
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, heteroskedasticity on the composite term ϵit, and heteroskedasticity on the temporal term
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).  Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjunctive antidepressant treatment with quetiapine in agitated depression: positive effects on symptom reduction, psychopathology and remission rates
Authors: Dannlowski Udo , Baune Bernhard T. , Böckermann Iris , Domschke Katharina , Evers Stefan , Arolt Volker , Hetzel Günter , Rothermundt Matthias 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the adjunctive effects of quetiapine on overall treatment response and on specific symptoms in agitated depression.MethodsTwenty‐one patients suffering from an acute agitated major depressive episode were enrolled in the quetiapine/venlafaxine study group (QUET) in the context of a 6‐week open‐label, flexible dose, non‐randomized case‐control study. Eighteen matched depressed patients treated with antidepressants only served as controls (CON). Clinical assessment was carried out by the use of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D) 21 scale.ResultsBoth groups had high HAM‐D scores at baseline (27.6 vs. 27.5; p = 0.94). The QUET group displayed a significantly larger HAM‐D decrease already after 1 week of treatment (p = 0.026, d = 0.77). This group difference increased slightly until week 6 (p = 0.005, d = 1.0). The remission rate in the QUET group (70%) was almost double that of the CON group (38.5%), p = 0.022. The overall effect originated from various HAM‐D items indicating agitation, sleep problems and anxiety.ConclusionsAdjunctive quetiapine treatment in agitated depression showed faster and greater response leading to higher remission rates compared with antidepressants alone. Overall clinical improvement was specifically related to single aspects of psychopathology indicating that quetiapine develops its positive effects through a variety of psychopharmacological properties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted scoring criteria reduce variance in global impressions
Authors: Targum Steven D. , Busner Joan , Young Allan H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the confounding effect of treatment emergent physical or psychic symptoms on clinical global impression (CGI) ratings in CNS trials and examined the benefit of targeted scoring criteria on clarifying ratings and reducing scoring variance.MethodsTwenty‐four raters participating in an investigator meeting training session scored a series of scripted CGI scenarios that included treatment emergent symptoms.ResultsThe addition of treatment emergent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or anxiety symptoms significantly changed the rating of clinical global improvement and caused a broad CGI‐improvement (CGI‐I) scoring variance reflecting scoring ambiguity amongst these raters. Re‐rating after a presentation of well‐defined criteria that addressed these scoring issues narrowed the variance and significantly improved inter‐rater reliability.ConclusionsIt is clear that CNS trials must define scoring criteria for global ratings prior to the initiation of a study to assure ratings consistency. The actual definition of global must be study‐specific and may depend upon the targeted symptoms of interest and mechanism of drug action. The targeted criteria that define global must be included in all published reports about the trial. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salt and water balance analysis after adopting controlled drainage in Yinnan Irrigation District, Ningxia, China
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Luo Wan , Pei Yuanshen , Xu Fengran 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAccording to data collected from a field experiment of controlled drainage in Yinnan Irrigation District, this paper analyses the amount of drainage water and variation of salt and water balance. Compared with traditional drainage, it is found that the volume of drainage water is obviously reduced by controlled drainage. The groundwater table in the controlled drainage areas is 1.8 cm higher than that in the traditional drainage areas. If drainage velocity is used to substitute for the volume of drainage water, the total volume of drainage water drained from controlled drainage areas is on average 50% less than that from traditional drainage areas. At the same time, the volume of underground drainage water decreases by 46%. By analysing the balance between salt and water in the controlled drainage areas, the introduced amount of salt is less than the discharged amount of salt, so salt and water are still kept in good status. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who benefits from allocating agricultural water to other sectors in Taiwan?
Authors: Tan Yih‐Chi , Lai Jihn‐Sung , Adhikari Keshav Raj , Lu Alan Yun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a historical account of Taiwan's irrigated agriculture in the face of the nation's changing water resource policy and developing economy. The pre‐World War II era marked the beginning of water resource development on a scientific basis, particularly during the Japanese colonial era. Building on previous developments, the modern era brought policies for improved access to production resources in the interests of interdisciplinary society. Water resources took a sharp turn from supply to demand management in order to respond to the industrial and domestic sectors. The farmers who were once the major beneficiary of irrigated agriculture were unable to sustain their agricultural economy. As an alternative to water resource production, rainwater harvesting by so‐called “water‐planting” on paddy fields evolved, among others, as a major policy drive to curb the water supply problem. Calculations show that this would leave more than 200 000 ha of fallowed paddy fields each year, and management must be aware of unforeseen negative externalities due to such practices. Despite the reduced share of water in irrigated agriculture, import and export transactions from agricultural commodities even after joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) are not discouraging. Efficient use and water saving appear to be the keys to balancing supply and demand to help secure the water economy, increase domestic food reserves, and contribute to social justice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DeSUMOylating enzymes—SENPs
Authors: Drag Marcin , Salvesen Guy S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractModification of proteins by ubiquitin and SUMO (small ubiquitin‐like modifiers) is a dynamic and reversible process. Similar to the ubiquitin pathway, where the action of deubiquitinating enzymes removes ubiquitin from ubiquitin‐adducts, SUMO is also removed intact from its substrates by proteases belonging to the sentrin‐specific proteases (SENPs) family. In addition to their isopeptidase activity, SENPs also execute another essential function as endopeptidases by removing the short C‐terminal extension from immature SUMOs. The defining characteristics of SENPs are their predicted conserved molecular scaffold—defined as members of peptidase Clan CE, conserved catalytic mechanism, and their reported activity on SUMO or Nedd8 conjugated proteins (or the respective precursors). We discuss recent progress on the human SENPs and their substrates. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(11): 734–742, 2008
New insights into skeletal muscle development and growth in teleost fishes
Authors: Rescan Pierre‐Yves 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecent research has significantly broadened our understanding of how the teleost somite is patterned to achieve embryonic and postembryonic myogenesis. Medial (adaxial) cells and posterior cells of the early epithelial somite generate embryonic superficial slow and deep fast muscle fibers, respectively, whereas anterior somitic cells move laterally to form an external cell layer of undifferentiated Pax7‐positive myogenic precursors surrounding the embryonic myotome. In late embryo and in larvae, some of the cells contained in the external cell layer incorporate into the myotome and differentiate into new muscle fibers, thus contributing to medio‐lateral expansion of the myotome. This supports the suggestion that the teleost external cell layer is homologous to the amniote dermomyotome. Some of the signalling molecules that promote lateral movement or regulate the myogenic differentiation of external cell precursors have been identified and include stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (Sdf1), hedgehog proteins, and fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8). Recent studies have shed light on gene activations that underlie the differentiation and maturation of slow and fast muscle fibers, pointing out that both adaxially derived embryonic slow fibers and slow fibers formed during the myotome expansion of larvae initially and transiently bear features of the fast fiber phenotype. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:541–548, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First cosmogenic 10Be constraints on LGM glaciation on New Zealand's North Island: Park Valley, Tararua Range
Authors: Brook Martin S. , Shulmeister James , Crow Tyne V. H. , Zondervan Albert 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe report the first direct ages for late Quaternary glaciation on the North Island of New Zealand. Mt Ruapehu, the volcanic massif in the North Island's centre, is currently glaciated and probably sustained glaciers throughout the late Quaternary, yet no numeric ages have been reported for glacial advances anywhere on the North Island. Here, we describe cosmogenic 10Be ages of the surface layers of a glacially transported boulder and glacially polished bedrock from the Tararua Range, part of the axial ranges of the North Island. Results indicate that a limited valley glaciation occurred, culminating in recession at the end of the last glacial coldest period (LGCP, ca. 18 ka). This provides an initial age for deglaciation on the North Island during the last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT). It appears that glaciation occurred in response to an equilibrium‐line altitude (ELA) lowering of ∼1400 m below the present‐day mean summer freezing level. Ages for glaciation in the Tararua Range correspond closely to exposure ages for the last glacial maximum (LGM) from the lateral moraines of Cascade Valley in the South Island, and in Cobb Valley, in northern South Island. The corollary is that glaciation in the Tararua Range coincided with the phase of maximum cooling during MIS 2, prior to the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR), during the LGCP. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphodynamic evolution of the Orb River (Languedoc, France): evidence of eustatic, tectonic and climatic controls
Authors: Larue Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study aims to reconstruct the Cenozoic and Pleistocene morphodynamic evolution of the Orb, a Mediterranean river which crosses all the structural units of the south Massif Central border. A geomorphological and sedimentological analysis of detrital deposits was carried out as a basis for correlating the different formations and reconstructing the palaeodrainage. Heavy minerals were used to reconstruct the main sedimentary palaeochannels since the Messinian. The successive Orb longitudinal profiles show anomalies which can be caused by structure and by interactions between fluvial dynamics and tectonics. Evidence of volcanic heavy minerals on the Faugères Mountains and in the Upper Pliocene deposits of the Languedocian piedmont demonstrates that a north–south flow took place during the Upper Pliocene. Nevertheless, a palaeo‐Orb existed at the place of the present course when the basaltic lava flows were spreading, but headward erosion did not reach them until the Upper Pleistocene, because the Orb middle and high terraces do not contain volcanic minerals sourced from the Escandorgue. The successive Orb longitudinal profiles show that headward erosion due to Pleistocene low sea levels does not reach beyond Béziers and that a tectonic hinge has functioned near the shoreline. The non‐lithologic knickpoints are explained by the Montagne Noire and Avant‐Monts uplift up until the Pleistocene. A progressive continental uplift is necessary to explain the Orb terraces staircase in the Béziers district, and the fluctuations of incision from upstream to downstream are due to laterally differential movements, which are isostatic effects of thick regressive deposits on the Gulf of Lion shelf during the cold periods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of poly(dimethylsiloxane) fiber sol–gel coated onto NiTi alloy electrodeposited with zirconium oxide for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in herbal infusions
Authors: Budziak Dilma , Martendal Edmar , Carasek Eduardo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA PDMS fiber sol–gel coated onto an NiTi alloy previously electrodeposited with zirconium oxide (named NiTi–ZrO2‐PDMS) was applied to the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in infusions of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf), chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), and anise seeds (Pimpinella anisum L.). Salting‐out effect, extraction time, and extraction temperature were optimized firstly by means of a full‐factorial design and then using a Doehlert matrix. No salt addition and 50 min of extraction at 70°C were the optimum conditions. Satisfactory LODs in the range of 2–17 ng/L, as well as good correlation coefficients (at least 0.9981) in the linear range studied, were obtained. Calibration was successfully applied using an infusion of M. recutita L. and recovery tests were performed to ensure the accuracy of the method, with values in the range of 77–120%. Comparison of the NiTi–ZrO2‐PDMS with commercially available PDMS fibers showed that the proposed fiber has an extraction efficiency comparable to that of PDMS 30 μm for the compounds evaluated, demonstrating its potential applicability.
Direct determination of amino acids by pressurized capillary electrochromatography with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Lin Zian , Xie Zenghong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA pressurized CEC (pCEC) coupled with on‐column chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed for direct determination of amino acids, which was based on the principle of an enhanced effect of Cu(II)–amino acid complexes on the CL reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solution. The effects of some important factors on pCEC separation and CL intensity were systemically investigated. Baseline separation of amino acids including L‐histidine (L‐His), L‐threonine (L‐Thr), and L‐tyrosine (L‐Tyr) was achieved by using a monolithic column with a mobile phase of 5.0×10–3 mol/L phosphate buffer at pH 8.0 that contained 25% v/v methanol and 5.0×10–4 mol/L luminol and 1.0×10–5 mol/L Cu(II) at an applied voltage of –5 kV. The calibration curves of the analytes by plotting the peak height against corresponding concentration were linear over the range of 3.2×10–6 ∼︁ 3.2× 10–4 mol/L for L‐His, 4.1×10–6 ∼︁ 4.1×10–4 mol/L for L‐Thr, and 6.0×10–7 ∼︁ 3.0×10–4 mol/L for L‐Tyr. The LODs for L‐His, L‐Thr, and L‐Tyr were 6.4×10–7, 8.4×10–7, and 3.0×10–7 mol/L (S/N = 2), respectively. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of amino acid injection sample with satisfactory results. Mean recoveries for three amino acids were from 84.3 to 89.6%.
Determination of phenolic compounds derived from hydrolysable tannins in biological matrices by RP‐HPLC
Authors: Díez María Teresa , del Moral Pilar García , Resines José Antonio , Arín María Jesús 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn RP‐HPLC method for the determination of four phenolic compounds: gallic acid (GA), pyrogallol (PY), resorcinol (RE) and ellagic acid (EA), derived from hydrolysable tannins is reported. Separation was achieved on a SunFire C18 (250×4.6 mm id, 5 μm) column at 40°C with gradient elution. UV detection at 280 nm was applied. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision. Satisfactory repeatability and between day precision were noticed with RSD values lower than 3%. Recoveries from different biological samples ranged from 91.50 to 105.25%. The LODs were estimated as 1.70 mg/L for PY, 1.68 mg/L for GA, 1.52 mg/L for RE and 0.98 mg/L for EA with a 20 μL injection volume. The method was applied for the determination of these compounds in oak leaves and in ruminal fluid and urine samples taken from beef cattle fed with oak leaves. The proposed method could be used in ruminant nutrition studies to verify the effect that a diet rich in tannins have on ruminal fermentation and to determine the toxicity of these compounds.
Long‐chain alkylimidazolium ionic liquids, a new class of cationic surfactants coated on ODS columns for anion‐exchange chromatography
Authors: Qiu Hongdeng , Zhang Qinghua , Chen Limei , Liu Xia , Jiang Shengxiang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSeparations of common inorganic anions were carried out on ODS columns coated with two long‐chain alkylimidazolium ionic liquids ([C12MIm]Br and [C14MIm]Br) as new cationic surfactants for ion chromatography. With phthalate buffer solution as the mobile phases and non‐suppressed conductivity detection, high column efficiencies and excellent selectivity were obtained in the separation of inorganic anions. Chromatographic parameters are calculated and the results show that the coated column possesses significant potential for the analysis of some inorganic anions such as CH3COO–, IO3–, Cl–, BrO3–, NO2–, Br–, NO3–, SO42–, I–, BF4–, and SCN–. The effect of eluent pH values on the separation of anions has been studied on the column coated with [C12MIm]Br. The stability of the coated columns was also examined.
Determination of trace levels of aquaculture chemotherapeutants in seawater samples by SPME‐GC‐MS/MS
Authors: García‐Rodríguez Diego , Carro Antonia M. , Lorenzo Rosa A. , Fernández Fátima , Cela Rafael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA sensitive and efficient solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) method for the determination of organophosphorous (OPPs) and pyrethroid pesticides (Pyrs) in aquaculture‐seawater samples by using GC with MS/MS (GC‐MS/MS) was developed. Dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos (OPPs); permethrin, α‐cypermethrin and deltamethrin (Pyrs) were selected according to their use as chemotherapeutants in the aquaculture industry. Different parameters affecting extraction efficiency such as fibre coating, agitation, pH and extraction time profiles were investigated. An experimental central composite design (α = 1) and desirability functions were used for the simultaneous optimization of extraction temperature and sample volume. Finally, a method based on direct SPME in 40 min at 75°C using 100‐μm‐thick poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) fibre and 20 mL of sample volume is proposed. The method was validated, exhibiting good linearity, precision and accuracy parameters with picogram per millilitre LODs. The proposed methodology was applied to determine the ultratrace levels of OPPs and Pyrs in aquaculture‐seawater samples by the standard addition approach, which proved to be reliable and sensitive, in addition to requiring only small amounts of sample.
Gravity‐flow open tubular cation chromatography
Authors: Kubáň Petr , Pelcová Pavlína , Kubáň Vlastimil , Klakurková Lenka , Dasgupta Purnendu K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe describe ion chromatography (IC) on open tubular cation exchange columns with a controllable capacity multilayered stationary phase architecture. The columns of relatively large bore (75 μm id) are fabricated by coating fused‐silica capillaries with multiple layers of poly(butadiene‐maleic acid) (PBMA) copolymer and crosslinking the deposited layers by thermally initiated radical polymerisation. Column capacity increases in a predictable manner with increase in the number of successively coated layers. Gravity flow with a modest head (< 2 m) can provide the desired separations within a reasonable period. We provide a minimalist configuration where no suppression is used, the sample is injected hydrodynamically as in CE, and detection is accomplished by an inexpensive homebuilt contactless conductivity detector or a capacitance to voltage digital converter. A 1 m long 75 μm bore column coated with two layers of PBMA allows gravity‐flow open tubular IC to separate four alkali cations in < 10 min with a 1 mM tartaric acid (TA) eluent. Simultaneous separation of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations can be accomplished in less than 25 min using 1.75 mM pyridinedicarboxylic acid as an eluent. Contactless conductometric detection (C4D) allows LODs down to 150 nmol/L, corresponding to 30 fmol injections. Analysis of real water samples is demonstrated.