bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedative effects of romifidine in the dog
Authors: England G. C. W. , Flack T. E. , Hollingworth E. , Hammond R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe sedative and physiological effects of intravenous romifidine at 0, 20, 40, 80 and 120 μg/kg were investigated in five clinically normal adult male beagle dogs in a blind study using a Latin square design. Following the injection of romifidine, the dogs became ataxic and stood with a wide‐based stance, they exhibited signs of skeletal muscle relaxation and their heads were lowered. All the dogs became recumbent and there was a reduction in the heart and respiratory rates. Increasing the dose from 20 to 40 μg/kg, or higher, produced a significant reduction in heart rate. There was an increase in the sedation score following even low doses of romifidine, and although measures of sedation showed no differences among romifidine doses, subjectively, the higher doses produced a more consistent effect. Dogs given lower doses of romifidine regained a standing position more rapidly than following the higher doses, although this effect was not significantly different. A second blind study compared the sedative effects of intravenous romifidine, at 40 and 80 μg/kg, with mede‐tomidine at 10 μg/kg in six adult beagles. The cardiopulmonary and sedative effects were not significantly different between all regimens, although medetomidine at 10 μg/kg appeared to be intermediate in effect between romifidine at 40 and 80 μ/kg. The sedative and physiological effects of romifidine in dogs appear to be similar to other α2‐adrenoceptor agonists. Intravenous administration provided sedation which might be clinically useful.
Dorsal cross pinning of the atlantoaxial joint: New surgical technique for atlantoaxial subluxation
Authors: Jeffery N. D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe subluxated atlantoaxial joint of a tetraplegic Yorkshire terrier was reduced and secured in position by means of cross pinning applied via a dorsal approach. The dog made a very satisfactory recovery. The surgical technique for this new procedure is described. Further investigations into the biomechanics of such fixation, and long term follow‐up of treated cases, will be required to evaluate accurately the value of this technique.
Orbital fat prolapse in the dog
Authors: Boydell P. , Paterson S. , Pike R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFive dogs presented with varying degrees of subconjunctival swelling and enophthalmos. Biopsy revealed the subconjunctival tissue to be fat. Surgical excision in two cases resulted in resolution of the clinical signs and demonstrated that the fat came from the retrobulbar region.
Romifidine as a premedicant to propofol induction and infusion anaesthesia in the dog
Authors: England G. C. W. , Andrews F. , Hammond R. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of premedication with four different intravenous doses of romifidine (20, 40, 80 and 120 (μg/kg body weight) and a saline placebo were compared in a group of 20 adult beagles of both sexes, undergoing anaesthesia with propofol for a clinical dental procedure. Anaesthesia was induced 10 minutes after premedication and maintained by intravenous infusion of propofol for a period of 30 minutes. Romifidine had a marked synergistic effect with propofol and reduced the required induction and infusion doses by more than 60 per cent for a standard level of anaesthesia; the synergistic effect was dose related. Following premedication, propofol produced no significant alteration of respiratory rate, heart rate or rectal temperature. Anaesthesia was found to be more stable following romifidine premedication at all doses studied. The quality of induction was unaltered by the dose of the romifidine. Recovery from anaesthesia was smooth and of a similar quality in all cases. There were no differences in the recovery times between the unpremedicated group and the dogs premedicated with any dose of romifidine studied. There were no adverse effects noted following this anaesthetic regimen. The marked dose‐related synergism with propofol induction and infusion anaesthesia is relevant should romifidine be used in the dog in clinical veterinary practice.
Collection of cortico‐cancellous bone graft from the ilium of the dog using an acetabular reamer
Authors: Culvenor J. A. , Parker R. J. 
Published: April 2008

North Shore Veterinary Hospital, 94 Alexander Street. Crows Nest, NSW 2065, AustraliaABSTRACTThe collection of corticocancellous from the ilium using an acetabular reamer has been described in humans. The technique was used clinically and in a post mortem study in dogs. The quantity of cancellous bone graft obtained with an acetabular reamer was greater than the cancellous bone graft obtained from the wing of the ilium with a curette.
Clarithromycin pharmacokinetics after oral administration with or without fasting in crossbred beagles
Authors: VilmGnyi E. , Küng K. , Riond J.‐L. , Trümpi B. , Wanner M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTClarithromycin was administered to eight dogs intravenously and orally. A suspension or a tablet was given to animals both immediately after feeding and on an empty stomach. Neither the formulation nor the time of administration in relation to feeding significantly influenced the pharmacokinetic parameters. The lowest mean (±SD) maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 3.0 ±0.6 μg/ml, the lowest bioavailability (F) of approximately 69 per cent and the shortest time above the proposed breakpoint of susceptibility (L) of 2.9 ±1.3 hours were observed with the suspension after feeding. The highest Cmax of 3.6 ±0.8 (Jig/ml, the highest F of 83 per cent and the longest L of 4.5 ±2.0 hours were observed with the suspension in the fasted group. The mean time at which Cmax occurred (tmax) was between one and two hours after administration. In conclusion, clarithromycin is potentially suitable for therapeutic use in dogs, pending species‐specific studies of safety and therapeutic efficacy.
Percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy for the management of malignant pericardial effusion in two dogs
Authors: Cobb M. A. , Boswood A. , Griffin G. M. , McEvoy F. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo dogs with signs of right‐sided congestive cardiac failure, due to recurrent pericardial effusion secondary to the presence of intraperi‐cardial neoplasia, were treated by percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy. The first patient was euthanased one month after the procedure while the second patient developed ascites as a result of obstruction of the caudal vena cava by the growing tumour and was euthanased 14 weeks after the procedure. In neither case was there a recurrence of a significant volume of the effusion. Percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy represents an effective means of relieving recurrent malignant pericardial effusion, without resorting to thoracotomy.
Study of calcium homeostasis in feline hyperthyroidism
Authors: Barber P. J. , Elliott J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThirty cats with untreated hyperthyroidism were blood sampled and their calcium homeosta‐tic mechanisms and renal function assessed. The results were compared with those obtained from 38 age‐matched control cats. The hyperthyroid group of cats were found to have significantly lower blood ionised calcium and plasma creatinine concentrations and significantly higher plasma phosphate and parathyroid hormone concentrations. Hyperparathyroidism occurred in77per cent of hyperthyroid cats, with parathyroid hormone concentrations reaching up to 19 times the upper limit of the normal range. The aetiology, significance and reversibility of hyperparathyroidism in feline hyperthyroidism remains to be established but could have important implications for both bone strength and renal function.
Case of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour in a dog
Authors: Ishikawa T. , Yamamoto H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 12‐year‐old male shih tzu dog was diagnosed as having a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour. One and a half years prior to presentation, a mass was noticed on the right mandible by the owners. Radiography revealed irregular, faintly radiopaque material within the tumour. A right hemimandibulectomy was performed, based on the clinical diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Histopathological evaluation of the mandibular mass showed that it was composed of a polyhedral odontogenic epithelial cell nest, fibrous stroma, homogeneous eosinophilic material and rounded calcifying material. The eosinophilic material was visualised by staining with Congo red, and observed under green birefringence by polarisation microscopy. Although the tumour had not recurred 12 months after surgery, the dog was euthanased because of aspiratic pharyngitis. The literature on the clinical behaviour of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours in dogs and cats is reviewed.
Epidemiological study of blood Sressure in omestic dogs
Authors: Bodey A. R. , Michell A. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPrevious experience has shown that a noninvasive (indirect) technique using an oscillomet‐ric monitor in conjunction with a tail cuff makes routine clinical blood pressure measurement practicable in dogs. The relationship between indirect and direct readings has been evaluated in both anaesthetised and conscious dogs (Bodey and others 1994, 1996). In this study, more than 2000 pressure measurements were taken from 1903 dogs. It was found that systolic is the most variable pressure parameter and that it depends on age, breed, sex, temperament, disease state, exercise regime and, to a minor extent, diet. Diet was not a significant determinant of diastolic and mean arterial pressure. Age and breed were the major predictors for all parameters. Heart rate was primarily affected by the temperament of the animal, though other factors also play a part in prediction. The distribution of systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure and heart rate across the dog population approximates to a log normal distribution. On the basis of these results it is possible to describe normal ranges for canine blood pressure; definition of hypertension, though, demands attention to age and breed normal values. The existence of statistically defined hypertension in an individual or breed does not imply adverse effects justifying therapy. Among the secondary causes of hypertension, such as diabetes, obesity and hyperadrenocorticism, hepatic disease was a new addition also undocumented in humans. The hypothesis that dogs, though classic model animals for hypertension, are resistant to its development found support from the modest increase in mean pressure values observed among dogs with renal disease, notably those with substantial reduction of glomerular filtration rate. The existence of breeds such as deerhounds with average pressures in the borderline range for hypertension in humans (and many individuals, therefore, well above) suggests that dogs may also be resistant to some of the adverse effects of high blood pressure.
Renal amyloidosis in related English foxhounds
Authors: Mason N. J. , Day M. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTRenal amyloidosis was diagnosed in six related English foxhounds from two separate hunting kennels. There was no apparent age or sex predilection. All the dogs had clinical and laboratory findings compatible with renal disease. The onset of clinical signs was acute in all cases with death or euthanasia in five of the six affected dogs occurring within one week of presentation. The remaining dog was treated with diuresis which produced a temporary improvement.Histological examination of renal tissue from affected dogs identified the presence of both glomerular and interstitial amyloid, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining to be of the reactive type (amyloid A). There were occasional sclerosed glomeruli or glomeruli with thickened Bowman's capsules, in addition to interstitial and periglomerular infiltration with a predominance of plasma cells and lymphocytes and secondary changes including tubular eosinophilic casts. Renal papillary necrosis was identified in three dogs. One hound had concurrent multicentric lymphoma.Pedigree analysis of the affected dogs revealed that four individuals shared a common great grandsire and that the same dog was the grand‐sire of a further case. Pedigree analysis of five additional dogs from one of the kennels, all of which had clinical signs of acute renal failure but from which renal tissue was not available, revealed a close relationship to those foxhounds with confirmed renal amyloidosis.
Enteric bacteria: Friend or foe?
Authors: Batt R. M. , Rutgers H. C. , Sancak A. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe normal gastrointestinal tract contains an enormous number of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria which normally enjoy a symbiotic relationship with the host but can have adverse effects with local and systemic consequences. The small intestine constitutes a zone of transition between the sparsely populated stomach and the luxuriant bacterial flora of the colon. Regulation of the intestinal flora depends on complex interactions between many factors including secretion of gastric acid, intestinal motility, biliary and pancreatic secretions, local immunity, the surface glycocalyx and mucus layer, and diet. Microbial interactions are also important, and can involve alterations in redox potential, substrate depletion and production of substances such as bacteri‐ocins that inhibit bacterial growth. The beneficial effect of the normal enteric flora include the competitive exclusion of potentially pathogenic organisms, and the production of nutrients such as short‐chain fatty acids (which represent an important energy source for the colonic mucosa) and vitamins. Detrimental effects of the enteric flora include competition for calories and essential nutrients, particularly by bacteria located in the small intestine, and a capacity to damage the mucosa, in some circumstances causing or contributing to inflammatory bowel disease. These problems can be accentuated by interference with the physiological regulation of intraluminal bacteria allowing overgrowth by a normal resident, or colonisation by transient pathogens. The pathophysiological consequences may involve direct damage to the intestinal mucosa, and bacterial metabolism of intraluminal constituents, for example forming deconjugated bile acids and hydroxylated fatty acids which stimulate fluid secretion. Additional problems arise if there is interference with the mucosal barrier since this can result in increased passage of bacteria and bacterial products stimulating mucosal inflammation, while bacterial translocation can result in bacteraemia and septicaeniia. Problems associated with bacterial pathogens are illustrated by the properties of the spectrum of pathogenicEscherichia coli,some of which facilitate long‐term colonisation by adherence to the surface or invasion of enterocytes.
Luxation of the radial carpal bone in a cat
Authors: Pitcher G. D. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of radial carpal bone luxation in the cat and its management is described. Open reduction was performed and surgically maintained, in combination with repair of rupture of the short radial collateral ligament and joint capsule. The carpus was supported for one month following surgery by application of transarticular external fixation. Four months after treatment the cat was sound, despite evidence of degenerative joint disease. The mechanism of luxation appears to be analogous to that seen in the dog.
Interictal electroencephalographic findings in a family of golden retrievers with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Srenk P. , Jaggy A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis study investigated how far electro‐encephalographic (EEG) testing may help in the confirmation of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in dogs. We found significantly constant (P < 0.05) and similar values of amplitude and frequency under medetomidine/propofol anaesthesia. The baseline pattern of healthy and the background activity of the epileptic dogs were characterised by an homogeneous high voltage slow activity and low voltage fast activity pattern with no significantly different values between tracings. However, we frequently found spindles in all recordings of the epileptic dogs. They impressed by asymmetries as well as significant variation in amplitude and duration. We concluded from these observations that, despite deep anaesthesia, the EEG abnormalities were consistent and extremely important for the confirmation of IE in the dog. In addition, 10 per cent of the offspring in our golden retriever family were positive for spindles, if the EEG was taken at the age of maximal expression. We concluded that this does not mean that this factor is genetically dependent, but that its interaction may increase the liability to contract seizures in the golden retriever. We believe that EEG combined with pedigree analysis may be very helpful in risk assessment of IE in the dog.
Vitamin K deficiency in cats fed commercial fish‐based diets
Authors: Strieker M. J. , Morris J. G. , Feldman B. F. , Rogers Q. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTClinical signs of vitamin K deficiency have been observed in cats offered two commercial canned diets high in salmon or tuna. Some of the queens and kittens offered these diets had died while survivors had increased coagulation times. Necropsies revealed hepatic and, or, gastrointestinal haemorrhages. Coagulation times of survivors returned to normal after vitamin K therapy. The purpose of this study was to induce a vitamin K deficiency in kittens and determine the dietary requirement. Kittens were offered vitamin K‐deficient purified diets containing antibiotics and, or, substances inherent in canned fish diets that may have contributed to the deficiency. Clinical signs of vitamin K deficiency were not observed, even though one purified diet contained only 4 μg K1/kg diet compared with 60 μg in the commercial tuna diet. Therefore, a minimum vitamin K requirement could not be determined using purified diets; nevertheless, canned commercial diets formulated primarily with fish should contain more than 60 μg K1/kg diet.
Resolution of dysrhythmias and conduction abnormalities following treatment for bacterial endocarditis in a dog
Authors: Boswood A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA four‐year‐old boxer presented with a recent history of intermittent collapse. The dog was found to have dysrhythmias and conduction abnormalities which were attributed to the presence of aortic bacterial endocarditis. These dysrhythmias and conduction abnormalities resolved following antibacterial treatment of the endocarditis. Specific antiarrhythmic therapy was not required. The short term response to therapy was good. The long term prognosis remains guarded in view of the damage the aortic valve has undergone.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency combined with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus in a juvenile German shepherd dog
Authors: Neiger R. , Jaunin V. Bornand , Boujon C. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCanine juvenile‐onset insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus is a rare disease. While pancreatic acinar atrophy is a well known picture in the dog, the simultaneous occurrence with an endocrine insufficiency has never been clearly established. The clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings of a three‐month‐old German shepherd dog with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus concurrent with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are described.
Management of antebrachial deformity and shortening secondary to a synostosis in a dog
Authors: Langley‐Hobbs S. J. , Carmichael S. , Pead M. J. , Torrington A. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA nine‐week‐old labrador was presented with a deformed left forelimb causing obvious lameness. Radiographs suggested that the dog had suffered a fracture involving the radius and ulna which had healed resulting in a synostosis. There was a concurrent radial physeal injury. The dog was treated initially by osteotomy of the radius and ulna stabilised using a static external skeletal fixator. At a subsequent surgery lengthening of the limb was achieved by using an Ilizarov apparatus. Worsening carpal hyperflexion was managed by bandaging in forced extension. A successful outcome was achieved with a final result of a 24 per cent discrepancy in length between the two radii at 17 months of age. An increase in length of the ipsilateral humerus was seen in association with the shortened forelimb.
Prevalence of bacteria in the conjunctival sac and on the eyelid margin of clinically normal cats
Authors: Espínolaz M. B. , Lilenbaum W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSamples from the palpebral conjunctiva, third eyelid and eyelid margin from 50 asymptomatic cats were analysed. Sixty‐seven per cent of the samples showed bacterial growth with a high predominance of the genus Staphylococcus (97‐8 per cent) predominantly coagulase‐negative (93‐5 per cent). The most frequent species was S epi‐dermidis (45‐7 per cent), followed by S simulans (23‐9 per cent), S auricularis [17A per cent) and S saprophyticus (6‐5 per cent). Three samples of S aureus (6‐5 per cent) and one of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2‐1 per cent) were also identified. The role of these microorganisms in the eyes of cats is discussed and the importance of the new species Staphylococcus felis is stressed.
Treatment of acquired myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma in two dogs
Authors: Rusbridge C. , White R. N. , Elwood C. M. , Wheeler S. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo cases of myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma are reported. Both were female German shepherd dogs and the thymoma was surgically resected. Aspiration pneumonia secondary to persistent megaoesophagus was a complication in both cases. The myasthenia gravis did not resolve, but there was a more satisfactory control of clinical signs with anticholinesterase treatment. Corticosteroid therapy was used in one case, but the resulting polydipsia increased the incidence of regurgitation, resulting in recurrent episodes of aspiration pneumonia.
Diagnosis of right coronary artery to right atrial fistula in a dog using two‐dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Jacobs G. J. , Calvert C. A. , Hall D. G. , Kraus M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA five‐year‐old boxer dog developed cardiac murmurs, complete heart block and car‐diomegaly associated with vegetative bacterial endocarditis. Using two‐dimensional echocardiography, vegetative lesions of the aortic valves and extension of the vegetations into the proximal right coronary artery and adjacent atrial septum were identified. The vegetation within the atrial septum appeared as a cavitated mass which protruded into the right atrium. Fistulae within the atrial septal vegetation permitting communication between the coronary artery and right atrium were observed with colour Doppler echocardiography. The dog died despite medical treatment. Post mortem examination confirmed the echo‐cardiographic findings. Vegetative endocarditis with invasion into the right coronary artery and atrial septum producing fistulae and communication with the right atrium has not been reported previously in dogs. Doppler echocardiography proved useful in demonstrating the abnormal anatomy, intraluminal fistular blood flow and its communication with the right atrium.