bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The quality of first‐year dental students' cognitive structures and the factors that influence it
Authors: Sadki Asmaâ , Mateu‐Ramis Séverine , Leloup Gaëtane , Frenay Mariane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn health professions education, it is widely recognised that concept mapping helps students organise their knowledge. This study aimed to investigate the quality of first‐year dental students' cognitive structures and the factors that influence it. Two approaches (qualitative and descriptive) to analysing student concept maps are described in this article. The qualitative approach emphasises the distinct morphologies (structures) that are considered to indicate the level of understanding. The descriptive approach provides information on the content's richness in terms of concepts and key concepts.Materials and MethodsA total of 31 first‐year dental students participated in this study. In an introductory session, students drew their first concept map (CM) using Cmaptools software. Then, students created and submitted individualised CMs for four course topics. Qualitative and descriptive approaches to analysing concept maps are valuable because they highlight what students have learned and how they organise and structure knowledge through CMs. To determine students' cognitive structures and explore the evolution of their representations over the four course topics, two examiners analysed the CMs' morphology and content.ResultsStudents presented various cognitive structures for the same topic. The quality of concept maps seemed to be influenced by the topic, as well as by familiarisation with making CM.ConclusionConcept mapping revealed the organisation of students' knowledge. This study explored the structural (morphology) and content analyses of CMs. The quality of the CMs seems to be affected by the nature of the topic.
Institutional determination or teacher bias? Examining the mechanisms of cultural capital in China
Authors: Bai Yang , Wang Yijie , Ding Bairen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmpirical research conducted in numerous countries provides substantial evidence supporting the pivotal role of cultural capital in comprehending educational inequality. However, the operation of cultural capital varies across certain regions in East Asia due to distinct educational systems. This study integrates micro‐level mechanisms of cultural capital, teacher bias, and the Chinese educational system to identify its determinants. Findings from the China Education Panel Survey indicate that families with high socioeconomic status tend to cultivate cultural capital but downplay its importance during critical exams. Teachers tend to favour students with cultural capital, which can indirectly enhance academic performance. However, the standardized examination system ultimately suppresses this effect and leads to an overall negative impact. This study suggests that the educational system plays a pivotal role in determining cultural capital and highlights the necessity for further discussions on its relationship with institutions.
Gender disparities in universal primary education: An analysis of women's education and policy implications in Pakistan (1947–2017)
Authors: Ahmad Nasir , Shaheen Nasir , Hussain Sajjad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article analysed gender disparities in Pakistan focusing on access to primary education and women's education in light of National Education policies from 1947 to 2017 to achieve universal primary education. This study aimed to trace the evolution of National Education policies (1947–2017) in the attainment of universal primary education and gender disparities in Primary education in Pakistan. A qualitative document analysis technique was employed to extract relevant data related to policy objectives, strategies, and targets of primary education, gender disparities, and women's education. The quantitative data was extracted from the Pakistan Economic Survey 2022–2023, Pakistan Education Statistics 2020–2021, and all National Census 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981, 1998, and 2017. The study found that education policies highlighted the importance of primary education but did not dedicate larger sections to women's education in the first 40 years. The recent education policies addressed the importance of women's education for achieving gender parity. These findings, which stem from a review of national education policies' documents, are in line with the findings drawn from the quantitative data extracted from authoritative reports which stated that significant gender disparities existed in the numbers of primary schools, access to primary education, and students' enrolments throughout the history of Pakistan. The study also found significant gender disparities in the number of primary schools per 100,000 children, with male students comparatively attending schools more than female students. The study found consistent gender disparities in primary education enrolment in Pakistan with notable progress in recent years but have not been able to eliminate these disparities. Gender disparity is evident in literacy rate, gross enrolment rate (GER), and net enrolment rate (NER). The study recommended that the revision of existing policies and formulation of new education policies should be based on comprehensive documentation on women's education and its impact on the economy, literacy rate, and universal primary education.
Assessing the Role and Identity of Indigenous Women in Northeast India
Authors: Longkumer Bendanglemla 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHow can a society be democratic when a section of its population is deprived or barred from participating in decision‐making platforms because of their gender? How can we talk about equality and freedom when the Naga society in Northeast India is marred by the fact that a few affluent sections of the population – those who are male – have the prerogative? Can egalitarianism be imagined while Indigenous customs and laws give freedom and authority to the people in decision‐making roles, are largely prohibitive, and fail to promote egalitarianism? The Naga society in Northeast India is fiercely patriarchal, where gender roles and responsibilities are defined according to norms that restrict women's roles in the social and political arena.
Interreligious Engagement as an Enabler of Gender Justice through the Common Good
Authors: Karam Azza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe article begins by explaining some of the terminology used and proceeds to share highlights of work undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations and at an international multireligious organization over the last 25 years. The key argument is that working to bring together different religious organizations in service to the common good, which also includes gender equality and women's empowerment, creates the space for genuine collaboration among and between people and organizations/institutions. It concludes with a few reflections on the love of the Divine and the imperative of the multireligious encounter as an enabler of this love, which itself is a prerequisite for gender justice.
Interreligious Dialogue and Gender Justice in Brazil
Authors: Gualberto Ana , Gierus Renate 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article reflects on the context and experiences of the project Advocacy for Gender Justice in Facing Fundamentalism, which has been developed in the ACT Brazil Ecumenical Forum (Fórum Ecumênico ACT Brasil: FEACT Brazil) since 2021. The article discusses the reality of growing violence, feminicide, and religious fundamentalism in Brazil, underlining the importance of analyzing the root causes and effects of religious racism. Seeing through an intersectional lens, the article reflects on key dimensions of gender justice and proposes strategies to confront domestic violence as well as other forms of violence. Finally, it reflects on the history of five “Ecumenical and Interreligious Journeys” as an important space of dialogue, collaboration, and networking.
Playtime and bedtime relate to cortisol levels for children facing economic hardship
Authors: Brown Eleanor D. , Shokunbi Fola X. , Garnett Mallory L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study elucidates relations among playtime, bedtime, and cortisol levels for children facing economic hardship.BackgroundPoverty‐related stressors overburden physiological systems that respond to stress, with implications for child health and development. The family microsystem can offer protection, yet no prior published studies have explored whether time allocated to various home activities might relate to stress levels.MethodThe study included 130 children aged 3 to 5 years who attended a Head Start preschool, and their primary caregivers. Trained research assistants completed daily telephone interviews with the caregivers across 10 days near the start of the preschool year to assess activities at home and, at a midyear time point, collected child saliva samples upon preschool arrival on 2 weekdays to assess morning levels of the stress hormone cortisol.ResultsZero‐order correlational and linear regression analyses indicated that a greater proportion of playtime and earlier bedtime relative to waketime (i.e., more sleep time) related to lower morning cortisol levels.ConclusionGreater playtime and sleep time may mitigate the tax of poverty on physiological stress response systems.ImplicationsImplications concern family strengths that might be built upon to promote the well‐being of children facing economic hardship.
SARS‐CoV‐2 testing, positivity, and factors associated with COVID‐19 among people with HIV across Europe in the multinational EuroSIDA cohort
Authors: Fursa O. , Bannister W. , Neesgaard B. , Podlekareva D. , Kowalska J. , Benfield T. , Gerstoft J. , Reekie J. , Rasmussen L. D. , Aho I. , Guaraldi G. , Staub T. , Miro J. M. , Laporte J. M. , Elbirt D. , Trofimova T. , Sedlacek D. , Matulionyte R. , Oprea C. , Bernasconi E. , Hadžiosmanović V. , Mocroft A. , Peters L. ,   EuroSIDA Study Group
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough people with HIV might be at risk of severe outcomes from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; coronavirus 2019 [COVID‐19]), regional and temporal differences in SARS‐CoV‐2 testing in people with HIV across Europe have not been previously described.MethodsWe described the proportions of testing, positive test results, and hospitalizations due to COVID‐19 between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 in the EuroSIDA cohort and the factors associated with being tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 and with ever testing positive.ResultsOf 9012 participants, 2270 (25.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.3–26.1) had a SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction test during the study period (range: 38.3% in Northern to 14.6% in Central‐Eastern Europe). People from Northern Europe, women, those aged <40 years, those with CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3, and those with previous cardiovascular disease or malignancy were significantly more likely to have been tested, as were people with HIV in 2021 compared with those in 2020. Overall, 390 people with HIV (4.3%, 95% CI 3.9–4.8) tested positive (range: 2.6% in Northern to 7.1% in Southern Europe), and the odds of testing positive were higher in all regions than in Northern Europe and in 2021 than in 2020. In total, 64 people with HIV (0.7%, 95% CI 0.6–0.9) were hospitalized, of whom 12 died. Compared with 2020, the odds of positive testing decreased in all regions in 2021, and the associations with cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate disappeared in 2021. Among study participants, 58.9% received a COVID‐19 vaccine (range: 72.0% in Southern to 14.8% in Eastern Europe).ConclusionsWe observed large heterogeneity in SARS‐CoV‐2 testing and positivity and a low proportion of hospital admissions and deaths across the regions of Europe.
The combination of allantoin, bisabolol, D‐panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate mitigates UVB‐induced PGE2 synthesis by keratinocytes
Authors: Tan Chelsea , Peng Ke , Lim TianYong , Liu Jiaxin , Ye Yang , Lim Linda , Gao Pei , Oblong John E. , Lam TzeHau 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveErythema, characterized by the redness of the skin, is a common skin reaction triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors. This response is often a result of the activation of underlying inflammatory mechanisms within the skin. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of applying a combination of skincare ingredients, namely allantoin, bisabolol, D‐panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (AB5D), in the modulation of inflammatory factors associated with erythema. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which these ingredients exert their combined actions to alleviate erythema‐associated inflammation.MethodsHuman epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and subsequently treated with AB5D. Transcriptomics profiling was performed to analyse the dose–response effect of AB5D treatment on keratinocytes. The quantitation of inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1RA and TNFα, was performed on cultured media. Additionally, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was carried out to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of both individual ingredients and the AB5D combination. To assess the in‐vitro antioxidant effects of AB5D against UVB‐induced oxidative stress in hTERT keratinocytes, real‐time quantitation of mitochondrial superoxide was measured through live‐cell imaging.ResultsThe application of AB5D to UVB‐exposed keratinocytes downregulated gene sets associated with inflammatory responses, highlighting the anti‐inflammatory properties of AB5D. Specifically, AB5D effectively reduced the production of PGE2, leading to the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our findings indicate that AB5D exhibits antioxidative capabilities, functioning as both an antioxidant agent and a regulator of antioxidant enzyme expression to counteract the detrimental effects of cellular oxidative stress.ConclusionWe demonstrated that AB5D can reduce UVB‐induced PGE2, IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1RA and TNFα as well as mitochondrial superoxide. These findings suggest that AB5D may alleviate erythema by modulating inflammation via PGE2 and through antioxidation mechanisms.
Anti‐inflammatory cerium‐containing nano‐scaled mesoporous bioactive glass for promoting regenerative capability of dental pulp cells
Authors: Duan Yiyuan , Zheng Kai , Hu Wenzhu , Chen Jake Jinkun , Lu Xiaolin , Wang Mingxin , Yang Yuxin , Guo Jingyao , Lu Yanlai , Ma Qian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate the anti‐inflammatory and odontoblastic effects of cerium‐containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Ce‐MBGNs) on dental pulp cells as novel pulp‐capping agents.MethodologyCe‐MBGNs were synthesized using a post‐impregnation strategy based on the antioxidant properties of Ce ions and proposed the first use of Ce‐MBGNs for pulp‐capping application. The biocompatibility of Ce‐MBGNs was analysed using the CCK‐8 assay and apoptosis detection. Additionally, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability of Ce‐MBGNs was measured using the 2,7‐Dichlorofuorescin Diacetate (DCFH‐DA) probe. The anti‐inflammatory effect of Ce‐MBGNs on THP‐1 cells was further investigated using flow cytometry and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Moreover, the effect of Ce‐MBGNs on the odontoblastic differentiation of the dental pulp cells (DPCs) was assessed by combined scratch assays, RT‐qPCR, western blotting, immunocytochemistry, Alizarin Red S staining and tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase staining. Analytically, the secretions of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were detected with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsCe‐MBGNs were confirmed to effectively scavenge ROS in THP‐1‐derived macrophages and DPCs. Flow cytometry and RT‐qPCR assays revealed that Ce‐MBGNs significantly inhibited the M1 polarization of macrophages (Mφ). Furthermore, the protein levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β were downregulated in THP‐1‐derived macrophages after stimulation with Ce‐MBGNs. With a step‐forward virtue of promoting the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs, we further confirmed that Ce‐MBGNs could regulate the formation of a conductive immune microenvironment with respect to tissue repair in DPCs, which was mediated by macrophages.ConclusionsCe‐MBGNs protected cells from self‐produced oxidative damage and exhibited excellent immunomodulatory and odontoblastic differentiation effects on DPCs. As a pulp‐capping agent, this novel biomaterial can exert anti‐inflammatory effects and promote restorative dentine regeneration in clinical treatment. We believe that this study will stimulate further correlative research on the development of advanced pulp‐capping agents.
The impact of precarious employment on the commitment of registered nurses
Authors: Hult Marja , Ring Marjo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between precarious employment and commitment among registered nurses.BackgroundThe nursing profession faces numerous challenges, and precarious employment (PE) has emerged as a significant issue affecting nurses' well‐being and professional status.MethodsIn spring 2023, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey involving members of a healthcare workers' trade union in Finland. The study encompassed data from 2,370 registered nurses representing various healthcare sectors nationwide. Regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between PE and nurses' commitment. STROBE guidelines were used to report the study.ResultsThe modified PE scale demonstrated a good fit. Among the various dimensions of PE, nurses perceived the highest level of precariousness in terms of inadequate training opportunities, followed by unpredictable and nonstandard working hours, low wages, and disempowerment. Vulnerability arising from authoritarian management exhibited the most significant and negative association with nurses' commitment (B = −0.233).DiscussionThe findings of this study underscore that PE is a pressing concern within the nursing profession, and it has a detrimental impact on nurses' commitment. While precariousness in nursing is associated with issues related to empowerment and fair leadership, it appears that conventional challenges related to working hours, typical of the nursing profession, do not significantly affect nurses' commitment.Implications for nursing and nursing policyTo enhance nurses' commitment, healthcare institutions and managers must actively promote leadership practices that empower and support employees. Also, employees' legal work‐related rights have to be respected in organizations. Addressing these aspects can contribute to a more resilient and dedicated nursing workforce.
Work‐related flow and its correlates among frontline nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Chi‐Jane , Chen Ching‐Ju , Lin Shu‐Chuan Amy , Lin Jong‐Ni 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmple evidence across non‐healthcare fields highlights the role of work‐related flow in enhancing resilience against work stress and work engagement. Understanding flow and its factors can support staff development and management.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the level of work‐related flow and its associated factors among frontline nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional multicenter study included 336 nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients between March and April 2022. Cluster random sampling was used to select 9 nurse groups from 29 Taiwanese hospitals specialized in COVID‐19 care. A web survey link was shared on the selected nurses’ social media. Hierarchical regression analyses examined predictor–outcome relationships, following the STROBE checklist for reporting findings.ResultsAmong demographic characteristics, sex (β = −0.11; p = 0.016) and living arrangement (β = −0.12; p = 0.017) reached statistical significance in model 3. Social support from family, friends, and significant others, managerial position, and sufficiency of personal protective equipment showed significant associations with work‐related flow (all β > 0.12; p < 0.05). The variables included in the final model accounted for 35% of the variance in work‐related flow for COVID‐19 patient care tasks.ConclusionsFlow experience is influenced by factors associated with demographics, work conditions, and social support. Nurse administrators should consider these factors when evaluating nurses' flow at work.Implications for nursing practice and managementAllocating care tasks to nurses based on their flow levels can be beneficial, particularly during healthcare crises. Ensuring a sufficient supply of personal protective equipment and offering social support to nurses are vital strategies for facilitating their flow experience in the workplace.
Effect of exposure of metakaolin‐based geopolymer cements to gamma radiation
Authors: Geddes Daniel A. , Walkley Brant , Galliard Cassandre Le , Hayes Martin , Bernal Susan A. , Provis John L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe stability of cementitious materials under the harsh environment they will experience when used for radioactive waste disposal is incredibly important. Therefore, understanding the irradiation resistance of geopolymer cement, a potential alternative binder for the treatment of nuclear waste, is of the utmost importance when trying to develop a safety case for these materials. The study presented here addresses the structural and chemical changes of metakaolin‐based geopolymers, designed with different water contents, and exposed to a total cumulative dose of 1 MGy of gamma radiation. The range of formulations that were tested showed a significant loss of free water related to the irradiation process, which has led to an increase in the porosity. Analysis of the chemical structure has shown minimal changes in the main binding type‐gel phase, demonstrating high microstructural stability. Results showed that in samples cured for longer than 20 h, the bound/gel structure water remained in the sample when the water content was kept low enough. As the porosity and water content increase, more gel water is removed due to radiation exposure. However, the degree to which the water is removed from the gel structure is very small, and minimal changes can be seen across the geopolymers tested. Overall, metakaolin‐based geopolymers appear resistant to irradiation up to 1 MGy, which offers a potentially viable alternative for the immobilization of problematic intermediate‐level waste.
Small‐State Influence in EU Security Governance: Unveiling Latvian Lobbying Against Disinformation
Authors: Vériter Sophie L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCounter‐disinformation policies have become a prominent subject of study in Europe. The story of their early development in the European Union (EU) reveals the surprising influence of small states, in particular Latvia. This article exposes how, as a first mover in a growing coalition of like‐minded states, Latvia shaped the development of counter‐disinformation policies in the EU starting with the creation of the East StratCom Task Force (ESTF) in 2015. This has had a significant impact on the governance of disinformation, providing valuable lessons for the study of small states' influence in the EU. Building on 30 interviews with policy‐makers, this case study demonstrates that utilising the Council Presidency can be a fruitful strategy for small states seeking to make a mark on EU security governance, with a plethora of examples as to how they can get other states and institutions on board, thereby securing long‐lasting leverage.