bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships among genera in Saniculoideae and selected Apioideae (Umbelliferae) inferred from nrITS sequences
Authors: Valiejo-Roman Carmen M. , Terentieva Elena I. , Samigullin Tagir H. , Pimenov Michael G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of 18S­26S nuclear ribosomal DNA were newly sequenced for eight species of Umbelliferae (six species from subfamily Saniculoideae: Actinolema macrolema, Astrantia minor, Eryngium giganteum, E. coeruleum, Hacquetia epipactis, and Lagoecia cuminoides, two species from subfamily Hydrocotyloideae: Dickinsia hydrocotyloides and Azorella trifurcata), as well as Hohenackeria exscapa, a species of uncertain position in the family. Phylogenetic analyses of new data, plus previously reported sequences of 52 other species using neighbor­joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods yielded similar results: (1) Actinolema is sister to Astrantia corresponding to Drude's treatments; (2) in Astrantia, molecular divergence is revealed between sects. Astrantiella (A. minor) and Astrantia (A. major, A. maxima); (3) Eryngium appears to be paraphyletic; (4) Hacquetia might be treated as a part of Sanicula; and (5) Lagoecia is very distant from all other Saniculoideae and close to some genera of Apioideae. Our results correspond to matK data previously published: (1) Hohenackeria forms a clade with Bupleurum, in a position near the base of the Apioideae tree; (2) Azorella is sister to a large cluster uniting all Saniculoideae and Apioideae, being slightly closer to them than to the Hydrocotyle­Araliaceae clade; (3) Dickinsia is very distant from phenetically similar Hydrocotyle, falling within a large cluster of Apioideae, but also including Lagoecia and Naufraga.
The Global Taxonomy Initiative in Africa
Authors: Klopper Ronell R. , Smith Gideon F. , Chikuni Augustin C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Conference of Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has recognised the currently existing taxonomic impediment to ensure the conservation and management of the world's biodiversity. In response, COP has formulated the concept of a Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI) to promote a concerted effort among international funding agencies, national and sub­national governments, and non­governmental bodies. The GTI Africa Regional Workshop was held at the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa, from 27 February to 1 March 2001. The Workshop was attended by a total of 43 delegates, representing 32 countries (23 African) and 36 institutions or organisations. The Kirstenbosch Declaration was compiled during the Workshop and summarises the major decisions and proposals made by the delegates at the Workshop. A Final Report summarising the discussions and decisions from the GTI Africa Regional Workshop is being prepared and will be distributed to all interested parties. A taxonomic needs assessment for Africa has been conducted as part of this project. The results from this first ever comprehensive taxonomic needs assessment covering plants, animals and micro­organisms for the African continent as a unit, are reported on here and forms an important part of the Final Report. The needs assessment highlights the prominent taxonomic impediment currently existing in the continent. Taxonomic capacity building is urgently needed in Africa; therefore, African taxonomic institutions can benefit immensely from the Global Taxonomy Initiative.
Lectotypification of the Linnaean names in Viburnum L. (Viburnaceae)
Authors: Malécot Valéry , McNeill John 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLectotypifications for names proposed by Linnaeus in Viburnum (Viburnaceae) have been made for only three of the ten entities described in 1753 and 1762. Lectotypifications of the remaining seven names are proposed with comments on the three previously designated herbarium sheets.
Lectotypification of Lobaria amplissima (Scop.) Forssell (Lobariaceae, Ascomycotina)
Authors: Burgaz Ana Rosa , Tretiach Mauro 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe top figure of tab. 46 in Micheli’s Nova Genera Plantarum is selected as lectotype, and a specimen from his herbarium (FI‐M) as epitype of the name of the lichen, Lobaria amplissima (Scop.) Forssell.
On extreme stable laws and some applications
Authors: Eaton Morris L. , Morris Carl , Rubin Herman 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIt is shown that the extreme stable laws have one-sided moment generating functions with interesting mathematical forms. The fact that one of these forms, zcz, is a moment generating function is used to establish two interesting statistical results; first, that rr is a moment sequence for a density with decreasing failure rate, and secondly, that the likelihood ratio test for testing a simple null hypothesis in a multinomial distribution is admissible and Bayes.
Stability Theorems for Solutions to the Optimal Inventory Equation
Authors: Boylan S. Edward 
Published: April 2006

In a previous paper, [1] it was shown that a solution, f(x) will exist for the optimal inventory equation

(where f(y − z) = f(0), y < z) provided:
1.g(x) ≧ 0, x ≧ 0;2.0 < a < 1;3.h(x) is monotonically nondecreasing, h(0) = 0;4.F is a distribution function on [0, ∞);(In [1], 1–4 were denoted collectively as (A).)and either5a.g(x) is continuous for all x ≧ 0;5b.limx→∞g(x) = ∞;5ch(x) is continuous for all x > 0 (Theorem 2 of [1]);or6.g(x) is uniformly continuous for all x ≧ 0 (Theorem 3 of [1]).
Additional quasi-stationary distributions for semi-Markov processes
Authors: Flaspohler David C. , Holmes Paul T. 
Published: April 2006

Consider a semi-Markov process X(t) defined on a subset of the non-negative integers with zero as an absorbing state and the non-zero states forming an irreducible class with exit to zero being possible. Conditions are given for the existence of the limits:

where Xj(t) is the amount of time prior to time t spent in state j.The limits (which are independent of the initial state) are evaluated when the sufficient conditions are satisfied.
A versatile Markovian point process
Authors: Neuts Marcel F. 
Published: April 2006

We introduce a versatile class of point processes on the real line, which are closely related to finite-state Markov processes. Many relevant probability distributions, moment and correlation formulas are given in forms which are computationally tractable. Several point processes, such as renewal processes of phase type, Markov-modulated Poisson processes and certain semi-Markov point processes appear as particular cases. The treatment of a substantial number of existing probability models can be generalized in a systematic manner to arrival processes of the type discussed in this paper.Several qualitative features of point processes, such as certain types of fluctuations, grouping, interruptions and the inhibition of arrivals by bunch inputs can be modelled in a way which remains computationally tractable.
A bounded growth population subjected to emigrations due to population pressure
Authors: Trajstman A. C. 
Published: April 2006

A model is presented for a bounded growth population subjected to random-sized emigrations that occur due to population pressure.The deterministic growth component examined in detail is defined by a Prendiville process. Results are obtained for the times between emigration events and for the population increase between emigrations. Some information is obtained about the mean time to extinction and also for the mean population level when the emigration-size distribution is negative exponential.
On the waiting time of a two-stage queueing system with blocking
Authors: Langaris Christos , Conolly Brian 
Published: April 2006

An analysis is given of the first-come-first-served waiting-time process in stages 1 and 2 of a two-stage service system with k and n parallel service channels in the first and second stages respectively, and m intermediate waiting places (k, n ≧ 1, m ≧ 0).Although the method of analysis is straightforward the details are intricate and require careful study of the location of the zeros of a high-degree polynomial.The analysis paves the way for an extensive study of the numerical effect on waiting time of blocking in commonly encountered systems of this nature. ‘Effective service time' in stage 1, defined so as to include blocked time, is considered separately.
Effect of spinal flexion on the conus medullaris: a case series using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Fettes P. D. W. , Leslie K. , McNabb S. , Smith P. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAnatomy textbooks state that the conus medullaris moves cephalad when the vertebral column is flexed. This could confer protection against spinal cord damage during dural puncture, but has not been demonstrated in vivo. We therefore imaged the spine of 10 volunteers using magnetic resonance imaging to determine if such movement occurs with the spine in the neutral and flexed positions. The position of the conus medullaris in relation to the superior endplate of the L1 vertebra was determined. On spinal flexion, the conus medullaris moved cephalad in three subjects and caudad in three subjects, with no change in the remaining four. The median overall movement (95% CI [range]) was 0 mm (4 mm caudad to 1 mm cephalad [3 mm caudad to 1 mm cephalad]; p = 1.0). Whilst spinal flexion may facilitate needle insertion during dural puncture, it is unlikely to confer extra protection against spinal cord damage.
Helping families when child sexual abuse is suspected but not proven
Authors: Tjersland Odd Arne , Mossige Svein , Gulbrandsen Wenke , Jensen Tine K. , Reichelt Sissel 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper reports from a project investigating reactions within families when intra‐familial child sexual abuse was suspected, and family members’ responses to a therapeutic approach. Data were obtained from therapeutic sessions and follow‐up interviews with mothers, children and alleged perpetrators. Before treatment the mothers felt uncertain as to how to interpret the children’s unclear signs. The children had severe symptoms, but had seldom disclosed abuse. The alleged perpetrators were often not informed about the suspicions. The families were in a state of crisis and shock, and communication within the family was characterized by uncertainty about what to talk about and whether the suspicions should be shared. In most cases after treatment the conflicts had been reduced, the children had few symptoms, supervised contact had been established, and the clients were satisfied with the treatment. One conclusion is that therapeutic sessions, where family members share information about concerns and take part in the decisions of how to protect children, seem relevant and helpful to the clients in unclear abuse cases.
Longitudinal assessment of insulin sensitivity in pregnancy. Validation of the homeostasis model assessment
Authors: Cohen Ohad , Epstein Gil S. , Weisz Boaz , Homko Carol J. , Sivan Eyal 
Published: April 2006

SummaryObjective  To validate the use of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for measurement of insulin sensitivity in obese women during gestation and the postpartum period.Design  Three consecutive measurements of insulin resistance (IR) were performed during and after pregnancy to compare the homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity index (HOMA‐IR) to glucose utilization rates obtained during hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamps (GRd).Patients  Six obese women (mean second trimester BMI = 30·4 kg/m2) with normal glucose tolerance were studied during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and once in the postpartum period. Thus, there were a total of 18 measurements for analysis.Results  Correlations between the rate of glucose disappearance (GRd) (the gold standard) and the HOMA‐derived metabolic parameters of insulin sensitivity were significant, with a multiple R2 of 43·5% (P = 0·003). However, when controlling for variations between patients using dummy variables, we observed that one patient differed from the other five in the relationship between GRd and HOMA‐IR. Applying this regression we obtained a R2 of 72·6% (P < 0·001). When the regression constant was omitted, we observed that the individual trends during pregnancy and postpartum in two patients differed statistically from the other patients between the two assessments, and we obtained a multiple R2 of 97·3% (< 0·001).Conclusions  HOMA estimation of insulin resistance is appropriate for use during both the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum in obese women with normal glucose tolerance. It lacks sensitivity for the evaluation of individuals, where more precise measures of insulin sensitivity should be utilized.
Model‐based uncertainty in species range prediction
Authors: Pearson Richard G. , Thuiller Wilfried , Araújo Miguel B. , Martinez‐Meyer Enrique , Brotons Lluís , McClean Colin , Miles Lera , Segurado Pedro , Dawson Terence P. , Lees David C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAim  Many attempts to predict the potential range of species rely on environmental niche (or ‘bioclimate envelope’) modelling, yet the effects of using different niche‐based methodologies require further investigation. Here we investigate the impact that the choice of model can have on predictions, identify key reasons why model output may differ and discuss the implications that model uncertainty has for policy‐guiding applications.Location  The Western Cape of South Africa.Methods  We applied nine of the most widely used modelling techniques to model potential distributions under current and predicted future climate for four species (including two subspecies) of Proteaceae. Each model was built using an identical set of five input variables and distribution data for 3996 sampled sites. We compare model predictions by testing agreement between observed and simulated distributions for the present day (using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and kappa statistics) and by assessing consistency in predictions of range size changes under future climate (using cluster analysis).Results  Our analyses show significant differences between predictions from different models, with predicted changes in range size by 2030 differing in both magnitude and direction (e.g. from 92% loss to 322% gain). We explain differences with reference to two characteristics of the modelling techniques: data input requirements (presence/absence vs. presence‐only approaches) and assumptions made by each algorithm when extrapolating beyond the range of data used to build the model. The effects of these factors should be carefully considered when using this modelling approach to predict species ranges.Main conclusions  We highlight an important source of uncertainty in assessments of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and emphasize that model predictions should be interpreted in policy‐guiding applications along with a full appreciation of uncertainty.
Sudden hypoxia during anesthesia in a patient with Kartagener's syndrome
Authors: DYLAN BOULD M. , GOTHARD JOHN W.W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe report a case of anesthesia in an adolescent with recurrent left pneumothorax, Kartagener's syndrome, and severe learning disability with behavioral difficulties. After induction of anesthesia, he rapidly developed severe desaturation as measured on pulse oximetry. Placement of an intercostal chest drain did not remedy the situation and he was found to have blocked the left main bronchus with viscous secretions. Subsequent suctioning relieved the obstruction. Despite successful postoperative thoracic epidural analgesia and minitracheostomy for bronchial toilet, he developed bronchopneumonia that resolved with antibiotics. We discuss anesthesia for patients with Kartagener's syndrome and for patients with pneumothorax.
Anesthesia in a child with newly diagnosed Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: KAPLANIAN SERGE , CHAMBERS NEIL A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe report the initial resuscitation and subsequent management of a child with newly diagnosed Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), which presented as an out of hospital cardiac arrest. HCM is an autosomal dominant condition that is uncommonly encountered in the pediatric setting and is an important cause of sudden death. Here, we describe the safe use of an anesthetic technique for insertion of an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator that ensured strict hemodynamic stability and modest bradycardia.
Development of taxon‐specific markers for high‐throughput screening of microbial‐feeding nematodes
Authors: JONES KENNETH L. , TODD TIMOTHY C. , HERMAN MICHAEL A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn an effort to assess the taxonomic identity of large‐scale samplings of nematodes from the Konza Tallgrass Prairie, we sequenced a portion of the 18S rRNA gene and its associated internally transcribed spacer (ITS1) from 74 nematodes encompassing four taxonomic families. From these sequences, we have developed a series of molecular probes to distinguish 16 distinct microbivorous nematode taxa. Using a combination of low power microscopy and taxon‐specific real‐time probes, the 74 nematodes were correctly assigned to their respective taxonomic groups. This optimized method provides a high‐throughput assay to determine nematode identities across larger data sets.
Prospective Study of Fever and Pneumonia After Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Older People
Authors: Kanemoto Kouji , Satoh Hiroaki , Ishikawa Hiroichi , Ishikawa Shigemi , Ohtsuka Morio , Sekizawa Kiyohisa 
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of fever and pneumonia after fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in older people and to evaluate increased risk for these two adverse events with increasing age.DESIGN: Prospective study.SETTING: University hospital system.PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred fifty‐eight patients, with 165 (46.1%) patients aged 70 and older, undergoing bronchoscopy.MEASUREMENTS: Indications, abnormal bronchoscopic findings, sampling procedures, final diagnosis, and fever and pneumonia after bronchoscopy.RESULTS: With regard to the indication for bronchoscopy and abnormal bronchoscopic findings, there was no statistical difference between elderly patients (≥70) and younger patients (<70). Procedures such as forceps biopsy, brushing, and curetting were not performed more often in elderly patients, although final diagnosis of lung cancer was significantly more common in the elderly group (P=.002). The overall incidence of fever after FOB was 6.7%, and that of pneumonia after FOB was 5.6%. The patients aged 70 and older had an incidence of fever after FOB of 3.6% and an incidence of pneumonia of 4.2%, which were not higher than those in patients younger than 70.CONCLUSION: Increasing age is not associated with increasing fever and pneumonia after FOB, and chronological age should not be considered a limiting factor in the decision of whether to perform FOB when it is clinically indicated.
Fatal transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease in an immunocompetent recipient of a volunteer unit of red cells
Authors: Triulzi Darrell , Duquesnoy Rene , Nichols Lawrence , Clark Kenneth , Jukic Drazen , Zeevi Adriana , Meisner Dennis 
Published: April 2006

BACKGROUND:  Transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TAGVHD) is a lethal complication of transfusion of nonirradiated cellular blood components to a susceptible recipient.CASE REPORT:  An 82‐year‐old man underwent cardiac surgery during which he received 6 units of red cells (RBCs) and a 6‐unit pool of platelets (PLTs). He was discharged with a normal white blood cell (WBC) count and hemoglobin (Hb) level and a PLT count of 104 × 109 per L. He was readmitted 2 weeks later with a diffuse erythematous rash, a sore throat, and difficulty swallowing. His WBC count was 2.1 × 109 per L, his Hb level was 12.0 g per dL, and his PLT count was 131 × 109 per L. The next day he had worsening cytopenias: WBC count, 1 × 109 per L; Hb level, 10.9 g per dL; PLT count, 104 × 109 per L. He also had diarrhea. A marrow biopsy showed a severe hypoplasia without evidence of malignancy. A skin biopsy showed Grade II GVHD. The patient worsened and despite aggressive therapy he expired on Postoperative Day 42. DNA‐based HLA testing of the 12 blood donors was performed. One of the RBC donors was found to be homozygous for an HLA Class I and Class II haplotype in the patient.CONCLUSION:  This is the first reported case in the United States of fatal TAGVHD from RBCs in an immunocompetent patient who received a randomly selected unit of RBCs from a donor who was homozygous for a shared HLA haplotype. The policy of selective irradiation should be reexamined.
A pilot study of continuous ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure in repeated preoperative autologous blood donation
Authors: Weisbach Volker , Schnabel Lothar , Zimmermann Robert , Zingsem Jürgen , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: April 2006

BACKGROUND:  The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of hypotension in the 24‐hour period after preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) in patients with and without hypertension.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  In 20 patients, 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed before PABD was started and on every donation day in two repeated phlebotomies.RESULTS:  Seven patients had no hypertension and 11 patients had hypertension. In 2 additional patients, hypertension was diagnosed during the study. Overall, the mean systolic BP (SBP) decreased from 131 ± 15 mmHg before donation to 128 ± 13 and 127 ± 10 mmHg after Donations 1 and 2; the corresponding values for the diastolic BP (DBP) were 77 ± 9, 75 ± 9, and 73 ± 7 mmHg, both without significant differences between the groups with and without hypertension. In single patients, substantial decreases of BP occurred, especially during the night. Two patients with and 2 without hypertension showed a nightly decrease in SBP and DBP of more than 10 percent (in 1 of these patients, more than 20%). Concerning diurnal BP variability, 1 patient with and 1 without hypertension, the latter showing a nightly decrease of SBP and DBP of more than 10 percent, also changed to the pattern of a nightly “extreme dipper” after PABD.CONCLUSION:  In 25 percent of the patients, changes of BP were observed during the 24‐hour period after PABD, especially during the night, which are known to be associated with an increased risk of cerebral or myocardial ischemia. Whether those changes of BP lead to major morbidity or mortality requires further investigation.