bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined effects of warming, ocean acidification, and fishing on the northeast Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Barents Sea
Authors: Hansen Cecilie , Hjøllo Solfrid Sætre , Skogen Morten D , Mousing Erik Askov , Skern-Mauritzen Mette , Howell Daniel , Ottersen Geir , Browman Howard I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With a biomass of ∼4 million tonnes, and annual catches of 900 000 tonnes, the northeast Atlantic (NEA) cod stock in the Barents Sea is the world’s largest. Scientists have been trying to explain the variability in recruitment of this stock for over 100 years, in particular connecting it to spawning stock biomass and environmental factors such as temperature. It has been suggested that the combination of ocean acidification and global warming will lead to a significant decrease in the spawning stock biomass and an eventual (end of this century) collapse of the NEA cod stock in the Barents Sea. We show that a temperature- and OA-driven decline in recruits will likely lead to a smaller cod stock, but not to a collapse. Instead, the level of fishing pressure and, not least, the choice of the recruitment function applied in simulations and how it relates to temperature, is extremely important when making such forecasts. Applying a non-linear relationship between temperature and spawning stock biomass—as has been done in studies that predict a collapse of the NEA cod stock—does not improve accuracy and, in addition, adds a large decrease in number of recruits that is not biologically supported.
Socio-Spatial Multiplicity in World Politics: Non-Western Regional Imaginations of the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Watanabe Atsuko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Originally a biogeographic term, “Indo-Pacific” is increasingly replacing “Asia-Pacific” in political discourse. This is not merely a linguistic matter but also has political implications. However, the meaning of “Indo-Pacific” remains unclear, and its implications are contested. While it has attracted the attention of a wide spectrum of political pundits, the regional designation “Indo-Pacific” is used to describe a space of global cooperation and geopolitical competition. This study makes two contributions by reexamining this debate. First, it helps lift the fog around the Indo-Pacific to gain a deeper understanding and encourage reflection on its current rise. Thus, it is situated within a growing body of literature that excavates the complex history of the Indo-Pacific by revisiting its Japanese wartime origins. Second, drawing on the emergent literature on multiplicity, this study shows how the term has historically invoked two different kinds of international relations in Japan. This suggests the importance of examining multiple socio-spatial imaginations internalized by diverse collectivities in the social space of international politics that goes beyond modern European state borders. Introduced by the Japanophile German geopolitician Karl Haushofer, the term was originally used to express the area of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, a region that aimed to create a world order that differed from the Western one. This significantly contradicts contemporary usage by the Japanese government, which claims that universal values exist in the region.
Late Modern War and theGeos
Authors: Griffiths Mark , Redwood Henry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article works toward an ontology of war centered on the life of the planet, or geos. Noting a disciplinary tendency to focus on the makers of war, we ask: What if our analyses of war begin not with the technologies of killing but with the life that is targeted? Our response proceeds in four sections. We first identify a “militarized ontology” of war that forms through the ways that militaries figure violence as spatially and temporally “precise” and thus distinct from longer-term environmental effects. We then argue that these ontological bounds persist also in critical scholarship on war. Writing against such ontological contingencies, we learn from feminist IR to set out a theoretical path for knowing war on different terms, from the perspective of the geos. From here, our main contribution forms: Attending to war ecologies and non/human health, war appears in a form that critically contrasts with a large part of current work in IR; it is no longer a primarily accelerated, aerial, or remote activity but rather an enduring, terranean, and proximate intervention in the environment and the life it sustains. We close with explication of the significance of geos-centered study of war in IR and beyond.
Heat stress alters the ovarian proteome in prepubertal gilts
Authors: Roach Crystal M , Mayorga Edith J , Baumgard Lance H , Ross Jason W , Keating Aileen F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Heat stress (HS) occurs when exogenous and metabolic heat accumulation exceeds heat dissipation; a thermal imbalance that compromises female reproduction. This study investigated the hypothesis that HS alters the ovarian proteome and negatively impacts proteins engaged with insulin signaling, inflammation, and ovarian function. Prepubertal gilts (n = 19) were assigned to one of three environmental groups: thermal neutral with ad libitum feed intake (TN; n = 6), thermal neutral pair-fed (PF; n = 6), or HS (n = 7). For 7 d, HS gilts were exposed to 12-h cyclic temperatures of 35.0 ± 0.2 °C and 32.2 ± 0.1 °C, while TN and PF gilts were housed at 21.0 ± 0.1 °C. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed on ovarian protein homogenates. Relative to TN gilts, 178 proteins were altered (P ≤ 0.05, log2foldchange ≥ 1) by HS, with 76 increased and 102 decreased. STRING gene ontology classified and identified 45 biological processes including those associated with chaperone protein refolding, cytoplasmic translational initiation, and immune activation; with a protein–protein interaction web network of 158 nodes and 563 edges connected based on protein function (FDR ≤ 0.05). Relative to PF, HS altered 330 proteins (P ≤ 0.05, log2foldchange ≥ 1), with 151 increased and 179 decreased. Fifty-seven biological pathways associated with protein function and assembly, RNA processing, and metabolic processes were identified, with a protein–protein interaction network of 303 nodes and 1,606 edges. Comparing HS with both the TN and PF treatments, 72 ovarian proteins were consistently altered by HS with 68 nodes and 104 edges, with biological pathways associated with translation and gene expression. This indicates that HS alters the ovarian proteome and multiple biological pathways and systems in prepubertal gilts; changes that potentially contribute to female infertility.
Anatomical limitations in adventitious root formation revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, infrared spectroscopy, and histology of rose genotypes with contrasting rooting phenotypes
Authors: Wamhoff David , Gündel André , Wagner Steffen , Ortleb Stefan , Borisjuk Ljudmilla , Winkelmann Traud 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is one of the most important developmental processes in vegetative propagation. Although genotypic differences in rose rooting ability are well known, the causal factors are not well understood. The rooting of two contrasting genotypes, ‘Herzogin Friederike’ and ‘Mariatheresia’, was compared following a multiscale approach. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we non-invasively monitored the inner structure of stem cuttings during initiation and progression of AR formation for the first time. Spatially resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy characterized the chemical composition of the tissues involved in AR formation. The results were validated through light microscopy and complemented by immunolabelling. The outcome demonstrated similarity of both genotypes in root primordia formation, which did not result in root protrusion through the shoot cortex in the difficult-to-root genotype ‘Mariatheresia’. The biochemical composition of the contrasting genotypes highlighted main differences in cell wall-associated components. Further spectroscopic analysis of 15 contrasting rose genotypes confirmed the biochemical differences between easy- and difficult-to-root groups. Collectively, our data indicate that it is not the lack of root primordia limiting AR formation in these rose genotypes, but the firmness of the outer stem tissue and/or cell wall modifications that pose a mechanical barrier and prevent root extension and protrusion.
What Justifies Electoral Voice? J. S. Mill on Voting
Authors: Turner Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mill advocates plural voting on instrumentalist grounds: the more competent are to have more votes. At the same time, he regards it as a ‘personal injustice’ to withhold from anyone ‘the ordinary privilege of having his voice reckoned in the disposal of affairs in which he has the same interest as other people’ (Mill 1861a, p. 469). But if electoral voice is justified by its contribution to good governance, why would it be an injustice to deny the vote to those whose use of it would disserve this end? I propose the dual justification view to resolve this tension. Mill holds that electoral voice is to be justified in two complementary ways: both as communicating a person’s interests and perspective in order that they be accommodated in policy deliberations, and as advancing a vision of the common good and influencing the policy of the legislature.
The extent and power of ‘maintenance mode’ feedback in MaNGA AGN
Authors: Gatto Lara , Storchi-Bergmann T , Riffel Rogemar A , Riffel Rogério , Rembold Sandro B , Schimoia Jaderson S , Mallmann Nicolas D , Ilha Gabriele S 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We study the ionized gas kinematics of 293 Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) hosts as compared to that of 485 control galaxies from the MaNGA–SDSS survey using measurements of the [O iii]$\lambda$5007 Å emission-line profiles, presenting flux, velocity, and W$_{80}$ maps. In 45 per cent of the AGN, a broad component was needed to fit the line profiles wings within the inner few kpc, that we have identified with an outflow. But in most AGN, the profiles are broader than that of their controls over a much more extended region, identified as the ‘kinematically disturbed regions’ (KDRs). We find a positive correlation between the mean $\langle$W$_{80}\rangle$ and L[O iii], supporting that the KDR is due to heating and turbulence of the ISM by outflows and radiation from the AGN. The extent R$_{KDR}$ reaches up to 24 kpc, with a mean ratio to that of the ENLR of 57 per cent. We estimate ionized gas mass flow rates ($\dot{M}_{\rm out}$) and kinetic powers ($\dot{E}_{\rm out}$) both from the AGN broad components and from the W$_{80}$ values, that can be obtained for the whole AGN sample. We find values for $\dot{M}_{\rm out}$ and $\dot{E}_{\rm out}$ that correlate with the AGN luminosity $L_{\mathrm{ bol}}$, populating the low-luminosity end of these known correlations. The mean coupling efficiency between $\dot{E}_{\rm out}$ and AGN luminosity is $\approx$0.02 per cent from the W$_{80}$ values and lower from the broad component. But the large extent of the KDR shows that even low-luminosity AGN can impact the host galaxy along several kpc in a “maintenance mode” feedback.
Phased Assembly of Neo-Sex Chromosomes Reveals Extensive Y Degeneration and Rapid Genome Evolution in Rumex hastatulus
Authors: Sacchi Bianca , Humphries Zoë , Kružlicová Jana , Bodláková Markéta , Pyne Cassandre , Choudhury Baharul I , Gong Yunchen , Bačovský Václav , Hobza Roman , Barrett Spencer C H , Wright Stephen I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Y chromosomes are thought to undergo progressive degeneration due to stepwise loss of recombination and subsequent reduction in selection efficiency. However, the timescales and evolutionary forces driving degeneration remain unclear. To investigate the evolution of sex chromosomes on multiple timescales, we generated a high-quality phased genome assembly of the massive older (&lt;10 MYA) and neo (&lt;200,000 yr) sex chromosomes in the XYY cytotype of the dioecious plant Rumex hastatulus and a hermaphroditic outgroup Rumex salicifolius. Our assemblies, supported by fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that the neo-sex chromosomes were formed by two key events: an X-autosome fusion and a reciprocal translocation between the homologous autosome and the Y chromosome. The enormous sex-linked regions of the X (296 Mb) and two Y chromosomes (503 Mb) both evolved from large repeat-rich genomic regions with low recombination; however, the complete loss of recombination on the Y still led to over 30% gene loss and major rearrangements. In the older sex-linked region, there has been a significant increase in transposable element abundance, even into and near genes. In the neo-sex-linked regions, we observed evidence of extensive rearrangements without gene degeneration and loss. Overall, we inferred significant degeneration during the first 10 million years of Y chromosome evolution but not on very short timescales. Our results indicate that even when sex chromosomes emerge from repetitive regions of already-low recombination, the complete loss of recombination on the Y chromosome still leads to a substantial increase in repetitive element content and gene degeneration.
Terrestrial Birth and Body Size Tune UCP1 Functionality in Seals
Authors: Gaudry Michael J , Khudyakov Jane , Pirard Laura , Debier Cathy , Crocker Daniel , Crichton Paul G , Jastroch Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The molecular evolution of the mammalian heater protein UCP1 is a powerful biomarker to understand thermoregulatory strategies during species radiation into extreme climates, such as aquatic life with high thermal conductivity. While fully aquatic mammals lost UCP1, most semiaquatic seals display intact UCP1 genes, apart from large elephant seals. Here, we show that UCP1 thermogenic activity of the small-bodied harbor seal is equally potent compared to terrestrial orthologs, emphasizing its importance for neonatal survival on land. In contrast, elephant seal UCP1 does not display thermogenic activity, not even when translating a repaired or a recently highlighted truncated version. Thus, the thermogenic benefits for neonatal survival during terrestrial birth in semiaquatic pinnipeds maintained evolutionary selection pressure on UCP1 function and were only outweighed by extreme body sizes among elephant seals, fully eliminating UCP1-dependent thermogenesis.
A mechanistic alternative to minimal sufficiency as the guiding principle for NCC research
Authors: Mckilliam Andy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A central project for the neuroscience of consciousness is to reveal the neural basis of consciousness. For the past 20-odd years, this project has been conceptualized in terms of minimal sufficiency. Recently, a number of authors have suggested that the project is better conceived in mechanistic terms as the search for difference-makers. In this paper, I (i) motivate this mechanistic alternative to minimal sufficiency, (ii) develop it further by clarifying debates about the prospects of leveraging mutual manipulability to distinguish constitutive difference-makers from those that are merely causal, and (iii) explore the implications this has for recent debates concerning the status of the prefrontal cortex. I argue that adopting a mechanistic approach to the neuroscience of consciousness suggests that the prefrontal cortex is part of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness even if it is not strictly speaking a necessary part.
The association of maternal gestational weight gain with cardiometabolic risk factors in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Jiaxing , Lv Axing , Aihemaitijiang Sumiya , Li Hongtian , Zhou Yubo , Liu Jianmeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Gestational weight gain (GWG) is known to be a risk factor for offspring obesity, a precursor of cardiometabolic diseases. Accumulating studies have investigated the association of GWG with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs), leading to inconsistent results.

Objective
This study synthesized available data from cohort studies to examine the effects of GWG on offspring CRFs.

Data Source
Four electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, were searched through May 2023.

Data Extraction
Cohort studies evaluating the association between GWG and CRFs (fat mass [FM], body fat percentage [BF%], waist circumference [WC], systolic blood pressure [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels) were included. Regression coefficients, means or mean differences with 95% confidence intervals [CIs], or standard deviations were extracted.

Data Analysis
Thirty-three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Higher GWG (per increase of 1 kg) was associated with greater offspring FM (0.041 kg; 95% CI, 0.016 to 0.067), BF% (0.145%; 95% CI, 0.116 to 0.174), WC (0.154 cm; 95% CI, 0.036 to 0.272), SBP (0.040 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.010 to 0.070), and TG (0.004 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.007), and with lower HDL-C (–0.002 mmol/L; 95% CI, –0.004 to 0.000). Consistently, excessive GWG was associated with higher offspring FM, BF%, WC, and insulin, and inadequate GWG was associated with lower BF%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and TG, compared with adequate GWG. Most associations went non-significant or attenuated with adjustment for offspring body mass index or FM.

Conclusions
Higher maternal GWG is associated with increased offspring adiposity, SBP, TG, and insulin and decreased HDL-C in offspring, warranting a need to control GWG and to screen for cardiometabolic abnormalities of offspring born to mothers with excessive GWG.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023412098.
Assessing the profile and utility of diplomates in occupational medicine
Authors: Johnson F , Madan I , Pattani S , De Bono A , Boorman S , Goss C , Parsons V 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The utility of the occupational medicine diploma in the UK is yet to be explored. The NHS ‘Growing Occupational Health (OH) and Wellbeing’ programme provides opportunities for diplomates to increase their OH work.

Aims
To assess what proportion of diplomates carry out OH work, the type of work being undertaken, to identify obstacles impeding OH work, to capture their interest in future work opportunities and what additional support they require.

Methods
A link to an online questionnaire was sent to diplomates via several professional bodies; we estimate that 2428 diplomates received this. The survey was open from 24 March to 31 May 2022.

Results
Replies were received from 310/2428 (13%) diplomates. Fifty-two per cent of respondents were males and 35% were female. Respondents were diverse in terms of age and geographical region. Main employment settings: 13% primary care, 43% secondary care, 31% private sector, 24% public sector and 20% self-employed. Seventy-two per cent of diplomates had undertaken OH clinical work since completion of their diploma, and 90% of those were undertaking OH clinical work at the time of the survey. Specific obstacles to accessing OH work highlighted included existing workload constraints, lack of employment opportunities with OH providers and lack of time.

Conclusions
Many (126/310; 41%) respondents had considered increasing their OH work in the previous 12 months. Increasing mentorship from senior OH clinicians to diplomates was suggested by 4% of respondents to enhance the utility of diplomates.
Open Questions Self-Administered on the Web versus Interviewer-Administered in Person: The 2016 American National Election Study Mode Comparison
Authors: Antoun Christopher , Presser Stanley 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Relatively little is known about the performance of open questions in self-administered questionnaires compared to interviewer-administered ones. We examined this issue using the responses to the 2016 American National Election Study’s Web self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI) from independently drawn samples that asked three sets of open questions: most important problem(s) facing the country; candidate for and against reasons; and political party likes and dislikes. Although Web respondents gave shorter answers with fewer codeable ideas than face-to-face respondents, the two modes produced similar distributions of substantive answers. Despite our expectation that open answers to interviewers would be more civil than those expressed on the Web, there was no difference in civility between the modes. However, the construct validity of the four candidate for and against items (predicting vote choice of Clinton vs. Trump) was higher on the Web than in the interviewer-administered CAPI. These findings call into question the conventional wisdom that open questions are not well suited for self-administration and suggest that researchers should consider more frequent use of open questions in Web surveys.
On some objections to the powers-BSA
Authors: Kimpton-Nye Samuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper responds to Friend's (2023) critique of the Powers-BSA, a view according to which laws of nature are efficient descriptions of how modally laden properties (powers) are possibly distributed in spacetime. In the course of this response, the paper discusses the nature of scientific and metaphysical explanation, the aim of science, and the structure of modal space.
Direct acquaintance with intrinsic value
Authors: Dimitrov Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Upon introspection, we judge that suffering feels bad. I argue there is no appearance-reality gap when it comes to introspective judgments about simple, intrinsic, nonrepresentational phenomenal states like itches, tingling, and suffering's feeling bad. On constitutivism about phenomenal introspection, there is no appearance-reality gap here because these judgments are literally constituted by the phenomenal states they are about. As a result, we are directly acquainted with the intrinsic properties of experience in having these judgments. Reflecting on our direct acquaintance with intrinsic badness, we can know that our suffering instantiates this judgment-independent evaluative property.
Performance of New Kuraray Wavelength-shifting Fibers with Short Decay Time
Authors: Kodama Shoma , Kobayashi Hokuto , Okinaga Wataru , Nakagiri Kota , Nakajima Yasuhiro , Yokoyama Masashi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We measure the decay time and the attenuation length of newly developed wavelength-shifting fibers, the YS series, from Kuraray, which have a fast response. Using a 405 nm laser, the decay times of YS-2, 4, and 6 are measured to be 3.64 ± 0.04, 2.15 ± 0.03, and 1.47 ± 0.02 ns, respectively, for a light injection distance of 10 cm. The decay time of Y-11 is measured to be 7.10 ± 0.09 ns using the same system. All fibers are found to have similar attenuation lengths of more than 4 m. When combined with the plastic scintillators EJ-200 and EJ-204, the YS series has better time resolution than Y-11, with light yields of 60–100% of Y-11.