bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with experts' opinions regarding criminal responsibility in The Netherlands
Authors: Barendregt Marko , Muller Eline , Nijman Henk , de Beurs Edwin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn many jurisdictions, offenders need to have freely chosen to commit their crimes in order to be punishable. A mental defect or disorder may be a reason for diminished or total absence of criminal responsibility and may remove culpability. This study aims to provide an empirically based understanding of the factors on which experts base their judgements concerning criminal responsibility. Clinical, demographic and crime related variables, as well as MMPI‐2 profiles, were collected from final reports concerning defendants of serious crime submitted to the observation clinic of the Dutch Ministry of Justice for a criminal responsibility assessment. Criminal responsibility was expressed along a five‐point scale corresponding to the Dutch legal practice. Results showed that several variables contributed independently to experts' opinions regarding criminal responsibility: diagnosis (Axis I and II), cultural background, type of weapon used in committing the crime, and whether the defendant committed the crime alone or with others. In contract to jurisdictions involving a sane/insane dichotomy, the Dutch five‐point scale of criminal responsibility revealed that Axis II personality disorders turned out to be mostly associated with a diminished responsibility. MMPI‐2 scores also turned out to have a small contribution to experts' opinions on criminal responsibility, independently of mere diagnostic variables. These results suggest that experts base their judgements not only on the presence or absence of mental disorders, but also on cultural and crime related characteristics, as well as dimensional information about the defendant's personality and symptomatology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Replication of Genetic Information with Self‐Encoded Replicase in Liposomes
Authors: Kita Hiroshi , Matsuura Tomoaki , Sunami Takeshi , Hosoda Kazufumi , Ichihashi Norikazu , Tsukada Koji , Urabe Itaru , Yomo Tetsuya 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn all living systems, the genome is replicated by proteins that are encoded within the genome itself. This universal reaction is essential to allow the system to evolve. Here, we have constructed a simplified system involving encapsulated macromolecules termed a “self‐encoding system”, in which the genetic information is replicated by self‐encoded replicase in liposomes. That is, the universal reaction was reconstituted within a microcompartment bound by a lipid bilayer. The system was assembled by using one template RNA sequence as the information molecule and an in vitro translation system reconstituted from purified translation factors as the machinery for decoding the information. In this system, the catalytic subunit of Qβ replicase is synthesized from the template RNA that encodes the protein. The replicase then replicates the template RNA that was used for its production. This in‐liposome self‐encoding system is one of the simplest such systems available; it consists of only 144 gene products, while the information and the function for its replication are encoded on different molecules and are compartmentalized into the microenvironment for evolvability.
Squaraines as Reporter Units: Insights into their Photophysics, Protonation, and Metal‐Ion Coordination Behaviour
Authors: Ros‐Lis Jose V. , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix , Soto Juan , Spieles Monika , Rurack Knut 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe synthesis, photophysical properties, protonation, and metal‐ion coordination features of a family of nine aniline‐based symmetrical squaraine derivatives are reported. The squaraine scaffold displays very attractive photophysical properties for a signalling unit. These dyes show absorption and weakly Stokes‐shifted, mirror‐image‐shaped emission bands in the visible spectral range and there are no hints of multiple emission bands. The mono‐exponential fluorescence decay kinetics observed for all the derivatives indicate that only one excited state is involved in the emission. These data stress the interpretation that squaraines can be regarded as polymethine‐type dyes. From a coordination chemistry point of view, the squaraines possess four potential binding sites; that is, two nitrogen atoms from the anilino groups and two oxygen atoms from the central C4O2 four‐membered ring. These coordination sites are part of a cross‐conjugated π‐system and coordination events with protons or certain metal ions affect the electronic properties of the delocalised π‐system dramatically, resulting in a rich modulation of the colour of the squaraines. The absorption band at around 640 nm is blue‐shifted when coordination at the anilino nitrogen atoms occurs, whereas coordination to the C2O4 oxygen atoms results in the development of red‐shifted bands. Addition of more than one equivalent of protons or metal cations could additionally entail mixed N,O‐ or N,N‐coordinated complexes, manifested in the development of a broad band at 480 nm or complete bleaching in the visible range, respectively. Analysis of the spectrophotometric titration data with HYPERQUAD yielded the macroscopic and microscopic stability constants of the complexes. Theoretical modelling of the various protonated species by molecular mechanics methods and consideration of some of the title dyes within the framework of molecular chemosensing and molecular‐scale “logic gates” complement this contribution.
Mechanisms of Air Oxidation of Ethoxylated Surfactants—Computational Estimations of Energies and Reaction Behaviors
Authors: Bäcktorp Carina , Börje Anna , Nilsson J. Lars G. , Karlberg Ann‐Therese , Norrby Per‐Ola , Nyman Gunnar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPathways for formation of previously observed autoxidation products of ethoxylated surfactants have been studied by DFT (B3LYP). In addition to the established radical‐chain reaction, several mechanistic possibilities for intramolecular fragmentation of the intermediate radicals have been characterized concerning reaction barriers and energies of transition states. The results can rationalize the formation of previously observed autoxidation products, including several, which have been implicated as strongly allergenic.
Aromatic Hydroxylation in a Copper Bis(imine) Complex Mediated by a μ‐η2:η2 Peroxo Dicopper Core: A Mechanistic Scenario
Authors: Sander Ole , Henß Anja , Näther Christian , Würtele Christian , Holthausen Max C. , Schindler Siegfried , Tuczek Felix 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDetailed mechanistic studies on the ligand hydroxylation reaction mediated by a copper bis(imine) complex are presented. Starting from a structural analysis of the CuI complex and the CuII product with a hydroxylated ligand, the optical absorption and vibrational spectra of starting material and product are analyzed. Kinetic analysis of the ligand hydroxylation reaction shows that O2 binding is the rate‐limiting step. The reaction proceeds much faster in methanol than in acetonitrile. Moreover, an inverse kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is evidenced for the reaction in acetonitrile, which is attributed to a sterically congested transition state leading to the peroxo adduct. In methanol, however, no KIE is observed. A DFT analysis of the oxygenation reaction mediated by the μ‐η2:η2 peroxo core demonstrates that the major barrier after O2 binding corresponds to electrophilic attack on the arene ring. The relevant orbital interaction occurs between the σ* orbital of the Cu2O2 unit and the HOMO of the ligand. On the basis of the activation energy for the rate‐limiting step (18.3 kcal mol−1) this reaction is thermally allowed, in agreement with the experimental observation. The calculations also predict the presence of a stable dienone intermediate which, however, escaped experimental detection so far. Reasons for these findings are considered. The implications of the results for the mechanism of tyrosinase are discussed.
Oxidation by Oxygen and Sulfur of Tin(IV) Derivatives Containing a Redox‐Activeo‐Amidophenolate Ligand
Authors: Piskunov Alexandr V. , Mescheryakova Irina N. , Fukin Georgii K. , Baranov Evgenii V. , Hummert Markus , Shavyrin Andrei S. , Cherkasov Vladimir K. , Abakumov Gleb A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOxidation of tin(IV)o‐amidophenolate complexes [Sn(ap)Ph2] (1) and [Sn(ap)Et2(thf)] (2) (ap=dianion of 4,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐o‐iminobenzoquinone (ImQ)) with molecular oxygen and sulfur in toluene solutions was investigated. The reaction of oxygen with1at room temperature forms a paramagnetic derivative [Sn(isq)2Ph2] (3) (isq=radical anion of ImQ) and diphenyltin(IV) oxide [{Ph2SnO}n]. Interaction of1with sulfur gives another monophenyl‐substituted paramagnetic tin(IV) complex, [Sn(ap)(isq)Ph] (4), and the sulfide, [Ph3Sn]2S. The oxidation of2with oxygen and with sulfur proceeds through the derivative [Sn(isq)2Et2] (7), which undergoes alkyl elimination to give two new tin(IV) compounds, [Sn(ap)(isq)Et] (5) and [Sn(ap)(EtImQ)Et] (6) (EtImQ=2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenylimino)‐3‐ethylcyclohexa‐1,4‐dienolate ligand), respectively, along with the corresponding alkyltin(IV) oxide and sulfide. Complexes3–5and7were studied by EPR spectroscopy. The structures of3,4and6were investigated by X‐ray analysis.
A Gold‐Catalyzed Entry into the Sesquisabinene and Sesquithujene Families of Terpenoids and Formal Total Syntheses of Cedrene and Cedrol
Authors: Fürstner Alois , Schlecker Andreas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA concise entry into the bicyclic cyclopropyl ketone derivatives 5 and 6 by way of a gold‐catalyzed Ohloff–Rautenstrauch‐type enyne cycloisomerization is described. The required substrates were prepared by an asymmetric addition of the branched allylzinc reagent 21 to the alkynyl aldehyde 17 mediated by the deprotonated bisoxazoline (BOX) ligand 22. Compounds 5 and 6 were then converted into a host of different members of the sesquisabina‐ and sesquithuja families of terpenoids, inter alia with the aid of iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. As the relative and absolute configuration of 5 and 6 could be unambiguously established, the synthetic samples allowed the previously unknown stereostructures of various such terpenoids to be unraveled, including cis‐sesquisabinene hydrate (33), 7‐epi‐sesquithujene (36), sesquisabinene B (37) and epoxy‐sesquithujene (45). Moreover, the preparation of 6 also constitutes a formal total synthesis of cedrene (11) and cedrol (12).
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of [(n‐C4H9)2NH2] 2Cd9Cl20×2H2O and [Cu(C14H24N4)] 2Cu13Cl30 (H2O)2×xH2O: Perforated Layer Structures Based on the CdCl2 Layer Network.
Authors: Thorn Adrienne A. , Willett Roger D. , Twamley Brendan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Chemical Bonding of Mg3Ru2.
Authors: Poettgen Rainer , Hlukhyy Viktor , Baranov Aleksey , Grin Yuri 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrochlore Formation, Phase Relations, and Properties in the CaO—TiO2—(Nb,Ta)2O5 Systems.
Authors: Roth R. S. , Vanderah T. A. , Bordet P. , Grey I. E. , Mumme W. G. , Cai L. , Nino J. C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple NUF3 and PUF3 Molecules with Triple Bonds to Uranium.
Authors: Andrews Lester , Wang Xuefeng , Lindh Roland , Roos Bjoern O. , Marsden Colin J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Layered Hydrogenophosphate, Protonic Conductor: Mn(H2PO4)2.
Authors: Baies R. , Pralong V. , Caignaert V. , Saradhi M. P. , Varadarju U. V. , Raveau B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of New 12L‐Perovskites Ba4LnRu3O12 (Ln: Lanthanides).
Authors: Shimoda Yuki , Doi Yoshihiro , Hinatsu Yukio , Ohoyama Kenji 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallization‐Induced Dynamic Resolution and Nucleophilic Substitutions of N‐(S)‐(1‐Phenylethyl)‐α‐chloro‐α‐phenyl Acetamide for the Preparation of N‐Carboxyalkylated Flavone.
Authors: Lee Min Hee , Kang Kyoung Hee , Lee Yoon Min , Kim Dajung , Park Yong Sun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Transfer Reduction of Different Ketones in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Hut'ka Martin , Toma Stefan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective and Efficient Oxidation of Aldehydes to Their Corresponding Carboxylic Acids Using H2O2/HCl in the Presence of Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride.
Authors: Bahrami Kiumars , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Kamali Shahab 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Selenite—Dimethylsulfoxide: A Highly Efficient Reagent for Dehydrogenation
Authors: Lamba Mandeep , Makrandi Jagdish Kumar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ceric(IV) Ammonium Nitrate Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Enaminones.
Authors: Paira M. , Misra R. , Roy S. C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminocarbonyl Group Containing Hoveyda—Grubbs‐Type Complexes: Synthesis and Activity in Olefin Metathesis Transformations.
Authors: Rix Diane , Caijo Frederic , Laurent Isabelle , Boeda Fabien , Clavier Herve , Nolan Steven P. , Mauduit Marc 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zwitterionic Salts as Mild Organocatalysts for Transesterification.
Authors: Ishihara Kazuaki , Niwa Masatoshi , Kosugi Yuji 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Free Diacetylation of Aldehydes Using a Solid Acid under Microwave Irradiation and a Simple Route to Their Regeneration.
Authors: Barua Akashi , Das Pranab J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective O‐tert‐Butoxycarbonylation of Hydroxy Compounds Using NaLaTiO4 as a Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Singh Savita J. , Jayaram Radha V. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Reactions of Acetaldehyde.
Authors: Garcia‐Garcia Patricia , Ladepeche Arnaud , Halder Rajkumar , List Benjamin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Acetaldehyde Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Itoh Takahiko , Ohkubo Masahiro , Ishikawa Hayato 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aerobic Oxidative Amination of Terminal Alkenes: Efficient Synthesis of Linear Allylamine Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Guosheng , Yin Guoyin , Wu Liang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonyl Propargylation from the Alcohol or Aldehyde Oxidation Level Employing 1,3‐Enynes as Surrogates to Preformed Allenylmetal Reagents: A Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—C Bond‐Forming Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Patman Ryan L. , Williams Vanessa M. , Bower John F. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkyl Allylic Ethers via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Allenes with Alcohols.
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Widenhoefer Ross A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Asymmetric α‐Alkylation and α,α‐Bisalkylation of Acyclic Ketones by Using Chiral N‐Amino Cyclic Carbamate Hydrazones.
Authors: Lim Daniel , Coltart Don M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Regio‐ and Stereoselective Organocuprate‐Mediated Bis‐Allylic Substitutions.
Authors: Dieter R. Karl , Guo Fenghai 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Exchange Mediated Cyclopropanation of Nitriles with Homoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Bobrov Denis N. , Kim Keunho , Cha Jin Kun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Pd‐Catalyzed Highly Selective Arylation of Allylic Esters with Retention of the Traditional Leaving Group.
Authors: Pan Delin , Chen Anjun , Su Yijin , Zhou Wang , Li Si , Jia Wei , Xiao Juan , Liu Qingjian , Zhang Liangren , Jiao Ning 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols and Amines via Allylation of Aldehydes and Imines Catalyzed by ZrOCl2×8H2O in Water.
Authors: Shen Wei , Wang Li‐Min , Feng Jian‐Jun , Tian He 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.