bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of establishing new color image scales using the magnitude estimation method
Authors: Kuo Wen‐Guey 
Published: October 2007

AbstractColor image is one of the most important factors in art and design. In general, artists and designers apply their own personal image meanings into their work. However, the image meaning for a specific work is frequently in conflict with those of the general observer. Thus it is necessary and important to derive one set of merit color image scales which can be utilized to predict the color image meanings of works in parallel with the average person's perception and which can also serve as a guide for artists and designers. In this study, the psychophysical method (magnitude estimation method), usually used in visual measurement of color appearance, was employed to attempt to establish new color image scales to evaluate the color image meanings of works matching those of the average person. The results show that new color image scales WIP are developed, and the relativity between the latest color image scales WIP and the color attributes (say Lightness L*, Hue h, and Chroma C*) of the CIELAB color space is also discussed. The total mean value of coefficient of variation for the results of visual assessment in the experiment of evaluating the color image meanings of the 207 color specimens used, in general, is about 36, similar to that for those experiments conducted using the psychological method. Also, a good relationship between the new color image scales and the color attributes of the CIELAB color space can be found. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 463–468, 2007
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly in Molecularly Ordered Phenylene‐Bridged Mesoporous Organosilica Nanofilaments
Authors: Camarota Beatrice , Mann Stephen , Onida Barbara , Garrone Edoardo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHerein we report on the mechanism of formation of a hybrid phenylene‐bridged hexagonally ordered mesoporous organosilica with crystal‐like walls (CW‐Ph‐HMM). Electron microscopy and X‐Ray diffraction studies indicate that the formation of CW‐Ph‐HMM involves the surfactant‐mediated hydrothermal transformation of an amorphous organosilica precursor and that the final product is hierarchically ordered. Significantly, the material is in the form of submicrometre‐thick sheets that consist of co‐aligned aggregates of needle‐like particles (up to 500 nm in length and 50 nm in width). The results suggest that preferential growth along the channel direction of the hexagonally ordered mesostructure is coupled with the propagation of molecular periodicity in the pore walls. Together, these factors give rise to the growth of highly anisotropic primary nanofilaments that become co‐aligned to produce micrometer‐thick sheets consisting of a periodic array of mesoscopic channels oriented perpendicular to the surface of the flake‐like particles.
Rab23 GTPase is expressed asymmetrically in Hensen's node and plays a role in the dorsoventral patterning of the chick neural tube
Authors: Li Naixin , Volff Jean‐Nicolas , Wizenmann Andrea 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe mouse Rab23 protein, a Ras‐like GTPase, inhibits signaling through the Sonic hedgehog pathway and thus exerts a role in the dorsoventral patterning of the spinal cord. Rab23 mouse mutant embryos lack dorsal spinal cord cell types. We cloned the chicken Rab23 gene and studied its expression in the developing nervous system. Chick Rab23 mRNA is initially expressed in the entire neural tube but retracts to the dorsal alar plate. Unlike in mouse, we find Rab23 in chick already expressed asymmetrically during gastrulation. Ectopic expression of Rab23 in ventral midbrain induced dorsal genes (Pax3, Pax7) ectopically and reduced ventral genes (Nkx2.2 and Nkx6) without influencing cell proliferation or neurogenesis. Thus, in the developing brain of chick embryos Rab23 acts in the same manner as described for the caudal spinal cord in mouse. These data indicate that Rab23 plays an important role in patterning the dorso‐ventral axis by dorsalizing the neural tube. Developmental Dynamics 236:2993–3006, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early embryonic expression patterns of the mouse Flamingo and Prickle orthologues
Authors: Crompton Lucy A. , Du Roure Camille , Rodriguez Tristan A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Drosophila melanogaster proteins Flamingo and Prickle act in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which is required for acquisition of epithelial polarity in the wing, eye, and epidermis. In mammals, PCP signaling has been shown to regulate cell movements and polarity in a variety of tissues. Here, we show that the murine Flamingo orthologues Celsr1–3 and the Prickle orthologues Prickle1, Prickle2, and Testin have dynamic patterns of expression during pregastrulation and gastrulation stages. Celsr1 is expressed in the anterior visceral endoderm and nascent mesoderm, Celsr2 and Celsr3 mark the prospective neuroectoderm, Prickle1 is expressed in the primitive streak and mesoderm, Prickle2 in the node, and Testin in the anterior visceral endoderm, the extraembryonic ectoderm, primitive streak, and mesoderm. Analysis of a gene‐trap mutation in Testin indicates that this gene is not required for embryogenesis; therefore, other Prickle homologues may compensate for its function during development. Developmental Dynamics 236:3137–3143, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity to visual and auditory stimuli in children with developmental dyslexia
Authors: King Bernardine , Wood Clare , Faulkner Dorothy 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study considered the extent to which 23 children with dyslexia differed from 23 reading age (RA) and 23 chronological age (CA) matched controls in their ability to make temporal judgements about auditory and visual sequences of stimuli, and in the speed of their reactions to the onsets and offsets of visual and auditory stimuli. The children with dyslexia were slower (p = 0.039) than the CA controls in their reactions to non‐verbal auditory onsets (tones), were less able to recognize the first stimulus of a sequence of tones (p = 0.022), and were less accurate in identifying the initial phoneme of a sequence of three (p < 0.001). These characteristics may be manifestations of an impaired temporal processing system for rapid auditory stimuli. CA controls responded more quickly to tone onsets than to tone offsets (p = 0.025), but the dyslexic and RA groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in their reaction times to onsets and offsets of these non‐verbal auditory stimuli. Dyslexic readers showed impairment compared with CA controls in responding to the last of a sequence of three non‐verbal visual stimuli (shapes), p = 0.02. Reaction times in the visual and auditory onset and offset tasks were richly intercorrelated in the control groups, but the dyslexic group did not show as many significant correlations in reaction times between the auditory and visual domains, or between the onset and offset RTs within each modality. These results suggest that there may be a less integrated cross‐modal and intra‐modal temporal system in children with dyslexia than in controls. In many of the measures in this study, the performance of the dyslexic group resembled that of the RA control group but differed from CA controls, which implies a developmental delay. The possibility that such a cognitive delay may be related to an underlying neurological disorder is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An examination of the concept of central coherence in women with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lopez Carolina , Tchanturia Kate , Stahl Daniel , Booth Rhonda , Holliday Joanna , Treasure Janet 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:To examine central coherence (local and global processing) in women with anorexia nervosa (AN).Method:42 women with AN and 42 healthy women (HC) completed neuropsychological testing measuring visuospatial and verbal aspects of central coherence: Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure (RCFT), Embedded Figures Test (EFT), Homograph Reading Test (HRT), and Sentence Completion Task (SCT).Results:People with AN displayed superior performance on the EFT and poorer performance in RCFT with the exception of accuracy in the copy trial. Long hesitations in the SCT were observed. Verbal coherence tasks were not sensitive enough to detect coherence anomalies in AN.Conclusion:Women with AN have strengths in tasks requiring local processing (EFT) and weaknesses on tasks benefited by global processing (RCFT and SCT). These results are consistent with the weak central coherence account. This trait might play a role in the maintenance of AN and can be addressed in specific clinical interventions. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Assessment of the frequency domain decomposition technique by forced‐vibration tests of a full‐scale structure
Authors: Lamarche C. P. , Paultre P. , Proulx J. , Mousseau S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDynamic characteristics of buildings are of utmost importance in earthquake engineering. The vibration periods are required to determine design loads, and damping is necessary in time‐history analysis. These parameters are generally obtained through forced‐vibration tests (FVTs) or after a seismic event in the case of permanently instrumented structures. However, for large civil engineering structures, FVTs are often too costly or practically difficult, and ambient or output‐only methods are used. This paper describes a comparison between ambient and FVTs carried out on a two‐story building. Results from both testing methods are compared and discussed in order to assess the vibration properties estimates obtained with the frequency domain decomposition technique. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a novel biocompatible polymer system for extended drug release in a next‐generation drug‐eluting stent
Authors: Udipi Kishore , Chen Mingfei , Cheng Peiwen , Jiang Kevin , Judd Diane , Caceres Alejandra , Melder Robert J. , Wilcox Josiah N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDrug‐eluting stents have proven superior to bare metal stents with lower restenosis rates. Local delivery of drugs from these stents is achieved in most cases with the help of biostable polymer coatings. However, since the polymer coating remains in the body well after all the drug is released, patients can potentially develop hypersensitivity to these polymers—leading to complications such as late‐stent thrombosis. It is therefore important that the polymers are designed to be biocompatible and well tolerated by the body. The polymer coatings are also expected to be robust and provide good control over elution of the desired drug. This paper describes the development of a unique, proprietary polymer blend system, specially designed to meet these requirements. Mutually compatible, free‐radical‐initiated elastomeric polymers were designed to provide a robust coating and offer a steady, sustained release of the highly hydrophobic drug zotarolimus over an extended period. The polymer blend system is also well tolerated by the hydrophilic environment in vivo, as demonstrated through porcine studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
A porous PCL scaffold promotes the human chondrocytes redifferentiation and hyaline‐specific extracellular matrix protein synthesis
Authors: Garcia‐Giralt N. , Izquierdo R. , Nogués X. , Perez‐Olmedilla M. , Benito P. , Gómez‐Ribelles J. L. , Checa M. A. , Suay J. , Caceres E. , Monllau J. C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe redifferentiation, proliferation, and hyaline‐specific extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis of chondrocytes cultured in a polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold were analyzed. Gene expression of the type II collagen and aggrecan was assessed by real‐time PCR in cells from PCL scaffolds, monolayer, and pellet cultures. The proliferative activity was assessed using Ki‐67 immunodetection, and the chondrocytic differentiation was evaluated using S‐100 immunodetection. The synthesis and deposition into scaffold pores of type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Alcian blue staining, respectively. All parameters were assessed throughout 28 days of cultures maintained in either fetal bovine serum‐containing medium (FCM) or Insulin‐Transferrin‐Selenium‐containing medium (ICM). Expression of the type II collagen gene was lower in FCM cultures than in ICM cultures for all culture systems (p < 0.05). Moreover, PCL scaffolds cultured in ICM were able to induce collagen gene expression more efficiently than pellet and monolayer cultures. Aggrecan gene expression did not vary significantly between mediums and three‐dimensional system cultures, but in ICM cultures, the monolayer cultures had significantly higher levels of aggrecan gene expression than did either the PCL or pellet cultures. Chondrocytes cultured in PCL scaffolds or pellets with FCM did not proliferate to a great extent but did maintain their differentiated phenotype for 28 days. Levels of cartilage ECM protein synthesis and deposition into the scaffold pores were similar among PCL and pellet cultures grown in FCM and in ICM. In conclusion, chondrocytes seeded into PCL scaffolds, cultured in ICM, efficiently maintained their differentiated phenotype and were able to synthesize cartilage‐specific ECM proteins. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Feasibility of prefabricated vascularized bone graft using the combination of FGF‐2 and vascular bundle implantation within hydroxyapatite for osteointegration
Authors: Nakasa Tomoyuki , Ishida Osamu , Sunagawa Toru , Nakamae Atsuo , Yokota Kazunori , Adachi Nobuo , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of the prefabricated vascularized bone graft using an interconnected porous calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic (IP‐CHA) in combination with vascular bundle implantation and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) administration in rabbit model. Thirty Japanese white rabbits were used. To make a prefabricated bone graft, the saphenous artery and vein were passed through the hole of the IP‐CHA. Hundred micrograms of FGF‐2 was administered into the IP‐CHA before implanting the vascular bundle. First and foremost, the IP‐CHA was placed subcutaneously in the medial thigh of rabbits for 4 weeks. In the experimental group, a prefabricated vascularized bone graft was used while IP‐CHA alone was used in the control group. Second, the prefabricated vascularized bone graft was transplanted from the subcutaneous implanted site into the medial femoral condyle defect of the same rabbit and IP‐CHA alone was implanted as the control graft in a different animal. At 4 weeks posttransplantation, bone union with host bone could be observed in the experimental group. However, the area of bone formation of the control group was significantly higher than in the experimental at 2 and 4 weeks posttransplantation. We conclude that the prefabricated vascularized bone graft when transplanted into a bone defect showed the ability for bone union with the host bone, although further studies are needed to accelerate the process of bone formation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Blending polysaccharides with biodegradable polymers. I. Properties of chitosan/polycaprolactone blends
Authors: García Cruz Dunia M. , Gomez Ribelles José L. , Salmerón Sánchez Manuel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBlends of polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CHT) were prepared by casting from a solution. CHT and PCL were dissolved by using acetic acid/water mixtures. Both solutions were slowly mixed to cast blend films containing 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of CHT. PCL and CHT form phase separated blends. The phase morphology is in large extent controlled by the casting procedure. Even if casting of the film starts from a clear solution, the solvent composition determines the form in which phase separation takes place and consequently the morphology of the resulting blend after solvent evaporation. The blend containing 20% CHT presents cocontinuous phases. The sample presents a high elastic modulus even at temperatures above melting of PCL. Blends with higher CHT contents consist of disperse PCL domains in a CHT matrix and the contrary occurs in the blend containing 10% CHT in which disperse CHT domains with a network morphology appear inside the spherulites of PCL. In all the blends, the nucleation effect of CHT accelerates the crystallization of PCL from the melt, although in the blends with high CHT contents a part of the PCL mass included in large domains might not be affected by the presence of CHT. The sample containing 20% CHT has a peculiar behavior with respect to the crystallization of PCL, only a small part of PCL crystallizes in isothermal treatments although this fraction crystallizes faster than in the rest of the blends. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Biomimetic processing of bioactive interface on silicon substrates
Authors: Chong S. C. , Loo J. , Lee P. S. , Ma J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo facilitate the implantation of silicon‐based devices in vivo, the presence of a biocompatible and bioactive coating is noted to be an essential factor. The objective of this present work is therefore to explore a relatively simple and low cost process to induce the formation of bioactive apatite on silicon. The formation of apatite on silicon was carried out by a biomimetic approach on two orientations of silicon wafer, namely (100) and (111). The samples are functionalized by chemical etching, followed by incubation in a simulated body fluid. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out. It was found that the growth of apatite is dependent on the orientation of the silicon wafer. Cell culturing experiment further verified the biological performance of the apatite‐coated silicon samples. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
A review of materials, fabrication methods, and strategies used to enhance bone regeneration in engineered bone tissues
Authors: Stevens Brian , Yang Yanzhe , Mohandas Arunesh , Stucker Brent , Nguyen Kytai Truong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOver the last decade, bone engineered tissues have been developed as alternatives to autografts and allografts to repair and reconstruct bone defects. This article provides a review of the current technologies in bone tissue engineering. Factors used for fabrication of three‐dimensional bone scaffolds such as materials, cells, and biomolecular signals, as well as required properties for ideal bone scaffolds, are reviewed. In addition, current fabrication techniques including rapid prototyping are elaborated upon. Finally, this review article further discusses some effective strategies to enhance cell ingrowth in bone engineered tissues; for example, nanotopography, biomimetic materials, embedded growth factors, mineralization, and bioreactors. In doing so, it suggests that there is a possibility to develop bone substitutes that can repair bone defects and promote new bone formation for orthopedic applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Effect of several factors on peracetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Zhao Xue‐bing , Wang Lei , Liu De‐hua 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lignocellulose should undergo pretreatment to enhance its enzymatic digestibility before being saccharified. Peracetic acid (PAA) is a strong oxidant that can remove lignin under mild conditions. The sulfuric acid in the PAA solution also can cause degradation of hemicelluloses. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of several factors on peracetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse.RESULTS: It was found that PAA charge, liquid/solid (l/s) ratio, temperature, time, interactions between PAA charge and l/s ratio, temperature and time, all had a very significant effect on the enzymatic conversion ratio of cellulose. The relative optimum condition was obtained as follows: PAA charge 50%, l/s ratio 6:1, temperature 80 °C and time 2 h. More than 80% of the cellulose in bagasse treated under the above conditions was converted to glucose by cellulase of 20 FPU g−1 cellulose. Compared with H2SO4 and NaOH pretreatments under the same mild conditions, PAA pretreatment was the most effective for enhancement of enzymatic digestibility.CONCLUSION: PAA pretreatment could greatly enhance the enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by removing hemicelluloses and lignin, but removal of lignin was more helpful. This study can serve as a step to further optimization of PAA pretreatment and understanding the mechanism of enhancement of enzymatic digestibility. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Amino acid oxidase‐catalysed resolution and Pictet–Spengler reaction towards chiral and rigid unnatural amino acids
Authors: Benz Peter , Wohlgemuth Roland 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The biosynthesis of structurally complex isoquinoline alkaloids and other natural products occurs via aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine, and chiral and rigid amino acids. These structures are also key building blocks of many active pharmaceutical ingredients. The aim of this work was the exploration of a rapid and straightforward route to chiral 6‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid.RESULTS: The preparation of (S)‐meta‐tyrosine from racemic meta‐tyro‐ sine with aminoacidoxidase has been developed with ee > 99% and 88% yield. The combination of this resolution with a subsequent Pictet–Spengler reaction enables straightforward and versatile access to chiral (S)‐6‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid in 30% yield.CONCLUSIONS: This new short chemoenzymatic route to (S)‐6‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid from commercially available DL‐m‐tyrosine is more convenient than other chemical procedures and establishes a new link between the pool of easily accessible racemic aromatic amino acids and the corresponding chiral rigidified amino acids, which are of interest as structural elements of many active pharmaceutical ingredients. These results facilitate synthetic access to a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients and metabolites in chiral form from the oxidation of amino acids. This advances the opportunities to study the molecular interactions with enzymes, receptors and effectors more precisely than with the racemic forms. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry