bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DO DEALERS INFER INFORMATION FROM ORDER FLOW?
Authors: Chakrabarty Bidisha 
Published: June 2007

AbstractI examine strategic behavior among dealers in the NASDAQ market and document that there is a lead quote‐setting dealer in each security and that the quotes posted by this leader are informative. Other dealers free‐ride this information by following the lead quote‐setting dealer. The lead dealer can be identified by two information signals: (1) percentage of time spent on the inside market (i.e., posting inside quotes), and (2) trade volume transacted. Dealers that free‐ride the leader's quotes quickly update their posted quotes in the same direction as the leader's quote change. My findings suggest that directing trade to the lead dealer may be more advantageous than randomly routing trade.
Common Threat and Common Response? The European Union's Counter-Terrorism Strategy and its Problems
Authors: Monar Jörg 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOn the basis of an analysis of the European Union's common definition of the post-9/11 terrorist threat, this article provides a critical assessment of the EU's response. The EU has arrived at a reasonably specific definition of the common threat that avoids simplistic reductions and is a response that is sufficiently multidimensional to address the different aspects – internal and external, legislative and operational, repressive and preventive – of this threat. Yet the definition is undermined by differences between national threat perceptions. The preference for instruments of cooperation and coordination rather than integration, and poor implementation are having a negative impact on the effectiveness of the common response, the legitimacy of which is also weakened by limited parliamentary and judicial control.
Fear and Terror in a Post-Political Age
Authors: Durodié Bill 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDespite an investigation lasting almost a year there is still no clarity as to why the perpetrators of the London bombings of 2005 acted as they did. Many commentators projected their own views into the vacuum left by the terrorists. These ideas, ranging from revenge for British foreign policy to the logical outcome of social exclusion, may shape security and community-related policies adversely. This article suggests that the bombers reflected a wider sense of disgruntlement in contemporary culture, one that is largely home grown and inculcated. Exploring the recent development of this politics of alienation, and a concomitant search for identity and meaning, it is proposed that the biggest danger is to live in a society with no clear sense of direction or purpose.
Detection of an invasive gall‐inducing pest, Quadrastichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), causing damage to Erythrina variegata L. (Fabaceae) in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
Authors: UECHI Nami , UESATO Takumi , YUKAWA Junichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn 2005, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, 2004 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which induces stem, petiole, and leaf galls on Erythrina variegata L. (Fabaceae), was found on the following six islands in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: Okinawa, Kume, Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Hateruma. Galls were also found in Vietnam. In Japan, no further infestation records have been reported from any of Japan's other south‐western prefectures where Erythrina species grow. Because no Erythrina galls were observed in Okinawa Prefecture before 2005, Q. erythrinae seems to have invaded quite recently.
Combining the Memory Impairment Screen and the Isaacs Set Test: A Practical Tool for Screening Dementias
Authors: Chopard Gilles , Pitard Alexandre , Ferreira Sabrina , Vanholsbeeck Geraldine , Rumbach Lucien , Galmiche Jean 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of combining the Memory Impairment Screen (MIS) with the Isaacs Set Test (IST) in distinguishing subjects with dementia from controls without dementia.DESIGN: The weighted sum of MIS and IST scores was calculated, and the logical “or” rule combination was performed using two different patient and control samples. Combination results were compared with each test used alone and with Mini‐Mental State Examination to detect all types of dementias.SETTING: Database of the Regional Network for Diagnostic Aid and Management of Patients with Cognitive Impairment in the Franche‐Comté, France, geographical area.PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 444 patients with Alzheimer's disease, non‐Alzheimer's dementia, and reversible dementia and 311 controls.MEASUREMENTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for the combination of these two tests.RESULTS: The weighted sum had overall sensitivities of 0.92 and 0.84 for mild cases, with a specificity of 0.92. The “or” rule had overall sensitivities of 0.92 and 0.89 for mild cases, with a specificity of 0.90. This pairing requires no more than 5 minutes. Its scoring is simple with the “or” rule combination.CONCLUSIONS: The combination of MIS and IST could be a useful tool for screening dementias. The “or” rule combination seems particularly adapted to medical practice.
Chitosan Malate Inhibits Growth and Exotoxin Production of Toxic Shock Syndrome-Inducing
Staphylococcus aureus
Strains and Group A Streptococci
Authors: Schlievert Patrick M. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Previously, it has been shown that the polysaccharide chitosan inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria. In this study, chitosan malate was evaluated in broth and thin-film cultures for its effect on the growth and exotoxin production of toxic shock syndrome (TSS)-inducing
Staphylococcus aureus
(five strains, three producing TSS toxin 1 and one each producing enterotoxin B or C) and group A streptococci (three strains producing streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A). Also, the compound was evaluated in a rabbit subcutaneous Wiffle ball model for its ability to prevent
S. aureus
and group A streptococcal induction of TSS. Finally, chitosan malate was evaluated for its ability to prevent TSS and necrotizing fasciitis in rabbits after subcutaneous inoculation with microbes. Chitosan malate inhibited both bacterial growth and, at sub-growth-inhibitory concentrations, the production of exotoxins, in both broth and thin-film cultures. Rabbits treated with chitosan malate in implanted Wiffle balls were protected from prior challenge with TSS-inducing
S. aureus
compared to animals not receiving chitosan malate (
P
< 0.001) and group A streptococci (
P
< 0.005). Chitosan malate protected rabbits from the development of streptococcal TSS with necrotizing fasciitis (
P
< 0.01). The data suggest that use of this growth- and toxin-inhibitory compound may be able to reduce the severity of
S. aureus
and group A streptococcal mucous membrane and trauma-associated skin infections.
The Apicomplexan PathogenNeospora caninumInhibits Host Cell Apoptosis in the Absence of Discernible NF-κB Activation
Authors: Herman Rebecca K. , Molestina Robert E. , Sinai Anthony P. , Howe Daniel K. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTNeospora caninum, a causative agent of bovine abortions, is an apicomplexan parasite that is closely related to the human pathogenToxoplasma gondii. Since a number of intracellular parasites, includingT. gondii, have been shown to modulate host cell apoptosis, the present study was conducted to establish whetherN. caninumis similarly capable of subverting apoptotic pathways in its host cells. Our results indicated that death receptor-mediated apoptosis is repressed duringN. caninuminfection, and the data further showed that the executioner caspase, caspase 3, does not become activated in the infected cells. Surprisingly, nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65 was not detected inN. caninum-infected cells, although this host transcription factor has been shown to upregulate prosurvival genes in cells infected withT. gondii. Consistent with these findings, the distinct accumulation of phosphorylated IκB that is seen at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) ofT. gondiiwas not apparent on theN. caninumPVM. Although a putative IκB kinase activity was detected inN. caninumextracts, thereby implying that this parasite is capable of modulating NF-κB translocation into the host cell nucleus, the data collectively suggest that a profound and sustained activation of the NF-κB pathway is not central to the ability ofN. caninumto prevent apoptosis of their host cells.
Post-transcriptional Regulation of P-Glycoprotein Expression in Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Gómez-Martínez Angeles , García-Morales Pilar , Carrato Alfredo , Castro-Galache María D. , Soto José L. , Carrasco-García Estefanía , García-Bautista Miriam , Guaraz Patricia , Ferragut José A. , Saceda Miguel 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The present study of inhibitors shows that the histone deacetylase–induced increase in P-glycoprotein (Pgp) mRNA (MDR1 mRNA) does not parallel either an increase in Pgp protein or an increase in Pgp activity in several colon carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, studying the polysome profile distribution, we show a translational control of Pgp in these cell lines. In addition, we show that the MDR1 mRNA produced in these cell lines is shorter in its 5′ end that the MDR1 mRNA produced in the MCF-7/Adr (human breast carcinoma) and K562/Adr (human erythroleukemia) cell lines, both of them expressing Pgp. The different size of the MDR1 mRNA is due to the use of alternative promoters. Our data suggest that the translational blockade of MDR1 mRNA in the colon carcinoma cell lines and in wild-type K562 cells could be overcome by alterations in the 5′ end of the MDR1 mRNA in the resistant variant of these cell lines, as in the case of the K562/Adr cell line. This is, to our knowledge, the first report demonstrating that the presence of an additional 5′ untranslated fragment in the MDR1 mRNA improves the translational efficiency of this mRNA. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(6):641–53)
Diurnal Variation in Precipitation over India during the Summer Monsoon Season: Observed and Model Predicted
Authors: Basu B. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSatellite-derived hourly precipitation values over India and neighboring areas are examined during the summer monsoon season of 2004 to determine the observed patterns of diurnal variations. These are compared with the patterns found in the forecasts from the global spectral model in operation at the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting in India. The observed hourly precipitation shows that maximum amounts are recorded over most areas of India during the afternoon hours, coinciding with the maximum in surface temperature. This pattern is modified in areas where local mesoscale events like katabatic winds or land–sea breezes produce strong convergence patterns and associated convection. The model forecasts weaken the mesoscale effects on precipitation and the convection due to ground heating seems to start in the model 2–3 h before the time it is observed by the satellites. The frequency and amount of precipitation increases with the forecast length but the hour of maximum precipitation remains almost the same. Harmonic analysis of the frequency of observed precipitation shows that the diurnal cycle predominates in both magnitude and the amount of variance explained. The semidiurnal cycle is considerably smaller in magnitude and explains significant variance only over a small area. Other cycles of smaller periodicity are unimportant in the diurnal variation of precipitation. A similar result is also obtained for the model forecasts except that the spatial distributions of amplitude and variance explained are different from that obtained from the observed data. The spatial distribution and values remain almost the same with forecast length.
Dual-Doppler Analysis of Winds and Vorticity Budget Terms near a Tornado
Authors: Wurman Joshua , Richardson Yvette , Alexander Curtis , Weygandt Stephen , Zhang Peng Fei 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Three-dimensional dual-Doppler observations with unprecedented finescale spatial and temporal resolution are used to characterize the vector wind field and vorticity generation terms in and near a weak, short-lived tornado. The beam widths of the two Doppler on Wheels (DOW) mobile radars, at the range of the tornado, are 250 m with gate lengths of 75 m, resulting in a resolution of less than 107 m3. One of the DOWs collected data during the 240 s prior to the formation of the tornado, enabling examination of the genesis process. A single set of volumetric scans suitable for dual-Doppler analyses were completed by both DOWs, permitting the calculation of vertical and horizontal vorticity, divergence, and stretching and tilting terms in the vorticity budget of the large but weak tornado and its surroundings, but no local tendency terms. Analyses of the dual-Doppler vector wind fields document, for the first time in a supercellular tornado, revealed several structures expected to be associated with tornadoes, including the tilting of horizontal vorticity into the vertical near the tornado, and stretching of vertical vorticity in the region of the tornado. The analyses are compared to conceptual and computer models of tornadic storms, confirming the existence of various phenomena and processes, although some model predictions, particularly those concerning the distribution of horizontal vorticity, could not be verified through these analyses. The observed magnitudes of stretching of vertical vorticity and tilting of horizontal vorticity are consistent with those necessary for generating the observed vorticity near the tornado.
Characteristics of Women Pediatricians
Authors: Frank Erica , Meacham Lillian 
Published: June 2007

To contrast women pediatricians (n=807) with other U.S. women physicians, we used data from the Women Physicians' Health Study, a national, randomly sampled questionnaire survey (total n=4,501). Compared with other women physicians, women pediatricians worked less and reported lower incomes but also reported less work stress and less career dissatisfaction. Pediatricians were less likely to counsel/perform screening regarding cholesterol, HIV, smoking, and alcohol but more likely regarding skin cancer or sunscreen use, nutrition, and weight. Given current emphases on trying to improve U.S. children's health practices, these findings are of concern.
Securities Regulation of Condominium Hotels
Authors: Gunnar Peter M. 
Published: June 2007

This article is based on a report Peter M. Gunnar prepared for the Condominium Committee meet ing of the American Hotel & Motel Association at the 59th Annual Convention, held December 8-12 in Mexico City. Mr. Gunnar, a lawyer and former trial court judge, is the chief executive officer of Condo minium Northwest, Inc. and of McMillan Inns, Inc., a company specializing in condominium resort hotels. His companies accomplished the first and second voluntary SEC registrations of condominium hotels — the Inn at Spanish Head and the Inn of the Seventh Mountain. Mr. Gun nar also acted as counsel for Sunriver Properties in registering Sunriver Lodge, the fourth such voluntary registration.
Hotel and Restaurant Lighting
Authors: Lampi Eino 
Published: June 2007

The following article was written by the Finnish lighting designer, Eino Lampi, for distribution to participants of the International Hotel Con gress at their meeting in Helsinki in May 1972. The article was sponsored by, and includes il lustrations from, three Finnish lighting equip ment manufacturers — Oy Airam AB, Oy Nikia AB Finnish Cable Works, and OY Stromberg AB. The neodymlite lamps (1 to 10 in the keyed illustration) are manufactured with neodymium gas, which gives the effect of a "black light," the popular term for ultraviolet energy near the visi ble spectrum. Black lights of a similar shape and also fluorescent tubes are readily available in the United States. The crystal lamps (19 to 27 on the chart) are uncommon but Mr. Lampi lists three American distributors. The contact rails, which permit great flexiblity in lighting layout, and the programmed units for lighting displays, are also readily available from American manu facturers. A series of articles on light, color, and their ef fect on food appeared in the November 1965 issue of this magazine. — Professor Richard H. Penner, School of Hotel Administration, Cornell University.
The Divisive Issue of Comparable Worth
Authors: Greenlaw Paul S. , Grubb Barbara C. 
Published: June 2007

The practice of segregating certain jobs by sex, a long-accepted tradition in many in dustries, has recently come under fire from civil-rights proponents who maintain that jobs should be compared across categories when wages are determined. Their cause was fueled by a 1981 Supreme Court ruling that opened the way for discrimination suits based on job comparability. As more women seek to close the male-female wage gap through the courts, hospitality firms present a highly visible target for comparable-worth advocates
Faculty Development in SACS-Accredited Community Colleges
Authors: Murray John P. 
Published: June 2007

This article presents the results of an exploratory study of community college faculty development activities. The purpose of the study was to determine if community colleges evaluate faculty development efforts and use the results to shape a coherent faculty development plan that supports the mission of the institution. The community colleges in this study clearly relied on traditional approaches to faculty development and made minimal efforts at evaluation, preferring to rely on untested assumptions and past practices. Their efforts tend to be unfocused, with little or no attempt to deliberately connect activites to the institutional strategic plan. With increasing calls for accountability coupled with shrinking resources, it becomes imperative that community colleges demonstrate that they wisely use their resources to impact the mission of the institutions. This means that community colleges must develop focused faculty development programs that have clear and distinct goals that are intended to improve classroom learning and teaching.
Legal Aspects in Treating Rapists
Authors: Rada Richard T. 
Published: June 2007

The development of new evaluation treatment methods for rapists and child molesters has created unique legal and ethical problems for therapists and researchers dealing with this population. These clients by definition are more dangerous than those normally dealt with by psychotherapists. As a consequence, greater care must be taken to protect the client, the therapist, the staff, and potential victims from the sexual assaults of the rapist or child molester. Rada outlines the various legal and ethical problems involved in dealing with such dangerous individuals. A critical element of working with a child molester or rapist is to have a detailed understanding of his history, his current behavior, his response to treatment, and his current ability to control his behavior. The very act of obtaining such information, however, generates issues of confidentiality and privileged communication normally not dealt with by the average therapist. Rada explores the issues of confidentiality, privileged communication, and informed consent to acquaint the reader with the potential problems incurred while working with such clients.
Cylinder or mobile cast brace after knee ligament surgery
Authors: Häggmark Tom , Eriksson Ejnar 
Published: June 2007

Sixteen patients participated in a prospective randomized trial in which a standard cylinder cast was compared with a mobile cast brace. Both were worn for 4 weeks, beginning at 1 week after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The athletes that had used a cast brace could return to sports activities in about one-half the time it took for the athletes with a standard cast. The patients with a standard cast showed a significant atrophy of Type I (slow twitch) muscle fibers in the vastus lateralis. The cast brace patients did not show any significant changes in cross-sectional areas of Type I or Type II (fast twitch) muscle fibers. The standard cast patients had a significant reduction of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the vastus lateralis whereas the patients with the cast brace did not show any significant changes. No difference in surgical end result was found. A cast brace with a limited range of motion between 20 and 60° of flexion is recommended as the standard postopera tive treatment after knee ligament surgery.
Tennis injuries: prevention and treatment
Authors: Kulund Daniel N. , McCue Frank C. , Rockwell David A. , Gieck Joe H. 
Published: June 2007

When players are engaged in the sport of tennis, injuries may occur to the eyes, in the neck, to the shoulder and back, arm and elbow, wrist and hand, and feet. The key to prevention and treatment of these injuries is good coaching and a formal stretching and strengthening program. The drooped "tennis shoulder" of professionals and senior tennis players is a natural response to heavy use. Shoulder elevating exercises are useful when soreness is associated. The treatment of tennis elbow includes wrist extensor stretching, isometrics, and light weightlifting. When a player follows this program, injections or counterforce braces are rarely needed. It is important for the player to bring his racket to the exami nation so that his stroke mechanics and grip can be checked. Wrist soreness in a tennis player may denote a hamate hook fracture. Special radiographic views are needed to discern the fracture and it is treated with a short arm cast and little finger extension splint. Nonunion of a hamate hook requires excision. The calf pain prodrome of "tennis leg" requires rest and then a stretching program. Tennis shoes should have rolled heels and large toe boxes with reinforced toe bumpers. The physician may have to fashion soft inserts for the tennis shoes; arch supports may be insufficient.
Migraine precipitated by head trauma in athletes
Authors: Bennett Donald R. , Fuenning Samuel I. , Sullivan George , Weber Jerry 
Published: June 2007

Three members of a university football team were evaluated because of migraine symptoms precipitated by head trauma. Analysis of the clinical data from these cases, as well as eight previously reported in athletes, reveals that the head trauma is usually minor and not associated with amnesia; and, after a symptom-free interval most often of several minutes, visual, motor, sensory, or brainstem signs and symptoms begin. These usually last for approximately 15 to 30 min and are followed by headache frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting. In 9 of 11 cases, attacks have occurred with subsequent head trauma. Only 4 of the 11 athletes admitted to spontaneous episodes, however, the incidence may be higher since they have not been followed for a sufficient period of time. Prophylaxis with antimigrainous drugs does not appear to be indicated. The decision as to future participation in contact sports is based primarily on the results of a thorough neurologic evaluation. The possible long-term sequela of this apparent "benign" con dition, particularly in those athletes with repeated episodes, is not known since the entity has only recently been recognized. A migraine attack occurring in the course of an athletic event, particularly contact sports, can simulate a serious neu rologic emergency. Despite its frequency in the general popu lation and a propensity for onset in the first three decades of life, migraine has not been appreciated in the past as a possible significant sports medicine problem.
The "blind side" of the medial meniscus
Authors: Goldner Richard D. , Kulund Daniel N. , McCue Frank C. 
Published: June 2007

The major posterior insertion of the medial meniscus is not into the tibial plateau proper but into a rather deep recess behind the intercondylar eminence. The shape of the meniscus in relation to the curve of the meniscotome and its angle of approach, and also the surgeon's inability to see posteriorly from an anterior incision make posterior capsular incision desirable in many cases. A poster omedial incision, added to the normal anteromedial one in 40 of 215 medial meniscectomies, did not increase perioperative morbidity.