bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory profiles in older adults with orthopedic conditions during quiet stance: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Brika Marine , Mourey France , Kubicki Alexandre 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Pathological aging can impair sensory information, leading to postural control disorders in older adults. Compensatory sensorial mechanisms are emerging to preserve balance function. The objective of the study was to identify sensory profiles in functionally impaired older adults, and determine if they are linked to the frequently observed cervical proprioceptive disorders in this population.

Methods
Fifty-one older adults (76.9 ± 7.6 years) were divided into 2 Functional Groups (FG-/FG+) according to a composite score that included 3 variables (gait speed, grip strength and fear of falling). All the participants completed the modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (m-CTSIB) and the cervical joint sense position error (CJPSE) test. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify common factors among the variables. Pearson correlation was used to examine relationships between variables.

Results
As expected, conditions 2 and 3 of the m-CTSIB were both challenging to balance, whereas condition 4 was too difficult for several patients. Factor analysis revealed that the stabilometric variables were grouped together in factor one, and proprioceptive performance (CJPSE) and the mean CoP velocity in m-CTSIB condition 3 formed another second factor. Moreover, a significant correlation was highlighted between stability in Condition 3 and CJPSE in the FG-.

Conclusion
Our results revealed the predominance of both visual and podal information in functionally impaired adults to control their posture. We speculate that the observed podal preference could be consecutive to a less efficient cervical proprioceptive system.
The effect of an intervention for organizing primary mental health care in Brazil: a study based on routine process indicators
Authors: Eshriqui Ilana , de Almeida Letícia Yamawaka , de Mendonça Joana Moscoso Teixeira , Anazawa Leandro , Belotti Lorrayne , Fortes Sandra , Sousa Ana Alice Freire , de Souza Evelyn Lima , de Santana Teodoro Claudielle , Bonfim Daiana , de Almeida Siqueira Junior Joel , Bandeira Antonio Cleilson Nobre , Correia Lucas Reis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The “Mental Health Care in Primary Health Care (PHC)” project (SMAPS, from Portuguese) was developed in six health regions from three Brazilian states. Considering the gap and relevance of monitoring and assessing mental health (MH) care in real-world settings using data from service records, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of SMAPS on indicators of MH care process in PHC, calculated from official records available in health services.

Methods
This is a pilot study conducted between January 2022 and September 2023. The sample comprised 18 PHC units in 14 municipalities, which were in one of the three Brazilian states that adhered to SMAPS and assigned to one of two groups: control and intervention (2:1). Secondary data were collected at two times using the same instrument to systematize the retrieval of aggregated data, which were extracted from management reports from PHC units or municipalities departments. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics at the PHC units or municipality level.

Results
The rate of referrals to MH specialties per consultation with a MH classifications record seemed to decline in intervention and control group. The percentage of benzodiazepine medications delivered for PHC decreased from 16.1 to 11.3% in the intervention group municipalities but increased from 20.3 to 24.1% in the control group. An inverse pattern was observed for antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant medications (increased from 82.2 to 86.2% in the intervention group municipalities and declined from 77.6 to 74.4% in the control group). Despite this, analyzing the mean variation in MH care indicators, statistically significant differences between groups in distribution at the 5% level were not identified.

Conclusion
The present pilot study points to possible effects of SMAPS for organizing MH care in PHC, especially regarding the referrals to specialty mental health care and the delivery of psychotropic medications. It contributes to the formulation of proposals for evaluating MH care based on data already available from records and reports from health services and emphasizes the need to improve the quality of MH care recording in PHC work routines.
Evaluating and addressing demographic disparities in medical large language models: a systematic review
Authors: Omar Mahmud , Sorin Vera , Agbareia Reem , Apakama Donald U. , Soroush Ali , Sakhuja Ankit , Freeman Robert , Horowitz Carol R. , Richardson Lynne D. , Nadkarni Girish N. , Klang Eyal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Large language models are increasingly evaluated for use in healthcare. However, concerns about their impact on disparities persist. This study reviews current research on demographic biases in large language models to identify prevalent bias types, assess measurement methods, and evaluate mitigation strategies.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review, searching publications from January 2018 to July 2024 across five databases. We included peer-reviewed studies evaluating demographic biases in large language models, focusing on gender, race, ethnicity, age, and other factors. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools.

Results
Our review included 24 studies. Of these, 22 (91.7%) identified biases. Gender bias was the most prevalent, reported in 15 of 16 studies (93.7%). Racial or ethnic biases were observed in 10 of 11 studies (90.9%). Only two studies found minimal or no bias in certain contexts. Mitigation strategies mainly included prompt engineering, with varying effectiveness. However, these findings are tempered by a potential publication bias, as studies with negative results are less frequently published.

Conclusion
Biases are observed in large language models across various medical domains. While bias detection is improving, effective mitigation strategies are still developing. As LLMs increasingly influence critical decisions, addressing these biases and their resultant disparities is essential for ensuring fair artificial intelligence systems. Future research should focus on a wider range of demographic factors, intersectional analyses, and non-Western cultural contexts.

Graphic Abstract
Physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) food labelling on discretionary foods in secondary school canteens in England: an efficacy cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Iris Natalia , Munir Fehmidah , Daley Amanda J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Schools do not typically implement food labelling in their canteens, therefore young people may not be given nutrition information on which to make their food choices. One way of expressing the energy/calorie content of foods is to provide this information in the form of physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) food labelling, which may help to contextualise the energy content of food/drinks to young people in a simple and understandable way. The study aimed to assess the usefulness of implementing PACE labelling in school canteens and to conduct a process evaluation of using this type of food labelling with young people.

Methods
A parallel two-armed cluster RCT to evaluate a PACE labelling intervention in secondary schools (typically, adolescents aged 11 and above) in England was conducted. Schools were randomised on a 2:1 basis to display PACE labelling by cakes/sweet biscuits in canteens or to continue with usual practice (comparator) for up to six weeks. There was a baseline period of no PACE labelling for a minimum of four weeks in all schools. Anonymised purchase data were provided by schools and analysed both descriptively and using analysis of covariance.

Results
Eighteen schools in England were randomised and 11 participated (6 intervention and 5 comparators). Analyses are based on ~ 99,000 purchase transactions of cakes and biscuits from participating schools. There was a reduction in cake/biscuit purchases in intervention schools versus comparators of ~ 11 items per week per 100 students at follow-up (adjusted mean difference = -0.112, 95% CI [-0.179 to -0.045], p = 0.005). Intervention schools did not report major difficulties with the implementation of PACE labelling.

Conclusions
PACE labelling appeared to reduce cakes/biscuit purchases by a small amount and may be a useful approach to reducing the purchase of discretionary foods in young people in the school environment. The implementation of PACE labelling appeared feasible for some schools, but other schools had reservations about the adverse effects this type of labelling may have on the well-being of students.

Trial registration
Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 18th November 2022. NCT05623618, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05623618.
A new stem saurian reptile from the late Permian of South Africa and insights into saurian evolution
Authors: Mooney Ethan Dean , Scott Diane , Reisz Robert Raphael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The evolutionary radiation of diapsid reptiles that includes all extant and most extinct reptiles is well-represented in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossil records, however, the earliest stages recorded in the Paleozoic Era are limited to comparatively few taxa. Consequently, the origins of Sauria, the crown-group of Diapsida, remains poorly understood and the phylogenetic positions of the few known taxa along the saurian stem are controversial. Here, we describe Akkedops bremneri sp. et gen. nov., a new early late Permian stem saurian from the Karoo of South Africa based on two skulls and show that the famous aggregation of "juvenile Youngina” SAM-PK-K7710 is also referrable to it, thereby making this one of the best-known stem saurians. The skull has a short rostrum, open lower temporal bar, large contribution of the postfrontal to the upper temporal fenestra, slender stapes, sliver-like supratemporal with a distinct lateral flange suturing to the postorbital, and lacks both postparietal and tabular bones. The saddle-shaped quadrate is rather saurian-like in being posteriorly emarginated with a tympanic crest and unique medial flange. The post cranial skeleton of Akkedops bremneri is lizard-like and notably shows a hook-shaped fifth metatarsal and thyroid fenestra. Phylogenetic analysis recovers Akkedops
bremneri as sister to Sauria, which is especially surprising considering its rather small size and slender, lizard-like morphology prior to the split between the apparently similar lepidosauromorphs and many of the comparatively robust archosauromorph saurians. Our analysis also indicates that Youngina capensis falls outside the clade of Akkedops bremenri + Sauria and does not appear to form a clade with other “younginiform” reptiles. The available evidence indicates a surprising level of complexity related to the evolution of stem saurians and the origin of Sauria that occurred in the shadow of other Paleozoic amniotes.
When do the Kahn-Kalai bounds provide nontrivial information?
Authors: Christopherson Bryce Alan , Baretz Jack 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Park-Pham theorem (previously known as the Kahn-Kalai conjecture) bounds the critical probability,

$p_{c}(\mathcal{F})$

p
c

(
F
)

, of the a nontrivial property

$\mathcal{F}\subseteq 2^{X}$

F
⊆

2
X

that is closed under supersets by the product of a universal constant K, the expectation threshold of the property,

$q(\mathcal{F})$

q
(
F
)

, and the logarithm of the size of the property’s largest minimal element,

$\log \ell (\mathcal{F})$

log
ℓ
(
F
)

. That is, the Park-Pham theorem asserts that

$p_{c}(\mathcal{F})\leq Kq(\mathcal{F})\log \ell (\mathcal{F})$

p
c

(
F
)
≤
K
q
(
F
)
log
ℓ
(
F
)

. Since the critical probability

$p_{c}(\mathcal{F})$

p
c

(
F
)

always satisfies

$p_{c}(\mathcal{F})<1$

p
c

(
F
)
<
1

, one may ask when the upper bound posed by Kahn and Kalai gives us more information than this–that is, when is it true that

$Kq(\mathcal{F})\log \ell (\mathcal{F}) < 1$

K
q
(
F
)
log
ℓ
(
F
)
<
1

? In this short note, we provide a number of necessary conditions for this to happen and give a few sufficient conditions for the bounds to provide new (and, in fact, asymptotically perfect) information along the way. In the most interesting case where

$\ell (\mathcal{F}_{n})\rightarrow \infty $

ℓ
(

F
n

)
→
∞

, we prove the following relatively strong necessary condition for the Kahn-Kalai bounds to provide nontrivial information: For every positive integer t, every collection of all-but-t of the minimal elements of

$\mathcal{F}_{n}$

F
n

may have nonempty intersection for only finitely many n. Consequently, not only must the number of minimal elements become arbitrarily large, but so too must the size of any cover. Intuitively, this means that such sequences

$\mathcal{F}_{n}$

F
n

must occupy an ever-widening ‘wedge’ in

$2^{X_{n}}$

2

X
n

: the further

$\mathcal{F}_{n}$

F
n

climbs up

$2^{X_{n}}$

2

X
n

in one area, the further it must spread down and across

$2^{X_{n}}$

2

X
n

in another.
Exercise and cardiovascular health among breast cancer survivors: a scoping review of current observational evidence
Authors: Wilson Oliver W.A. , Wojcik Kaitlyn M. , Cohen Camryn M. , Kamil Dalya , Butera Gisela , Matthews Charles E. , Dieli-Conwright Christina M. , Jayasekera Jinani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of cardiovascular events due to the cardiotoxic effects of cancer treatment. Exercise participation can lower the risk of various adverse cardiovascular health outcomes. However, most breast cancer survivors do not meet exercise guidelines.

Objectives
To map and critically evaluate the observational literature describing the direction and strength of the relationship between post-diagnosis leisure-time exercise (aerobic and muscle-strengthening) and cardiovascular health (cardiovascular disease, cardiac function, and related physiological risk factors) among diverse breast cancer survivors; and identify variations in this relationship based on race, ethnicity, and/or socioeconomic status.

Methods
Our scoping review was conducted in accordance with established guidelines and frameworks. Seven databases were searched. Participant characteristics, findings regarding the relationship between exercise and cardiovascular health, and any variations in this relationship were extracted. Article quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
Fourteen sources were identified, and study quality varied. Two adjusted analyses found aerobic exercise may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. There was limited data found on the direction and strength of an adjusted relationship between exercise (aerobic or muscle-strengthening) and other cardiovascular outcomes or possible variations in the relationship across racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic groups.

Conclusion
Findings highlight a considerable gap in knowledge regarding the relationship between exercise and cardiovascular health among diverse breast cancer survivors. Further longitudinal observational research is needed to better establish the direction and strength of this relationship, and how it differs based on race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.
QTL mapping associated with Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton based on MAGIC population
Authors: Ayyaz Muhammad , Chang Zewei , Ding Shugen , Han Peng , Xu Lin , Abudukeyoumu Abudurezike , Siddho Irfan Ali , Li Zhibo , Lin Hairong , Xu Jianwei , Wu Yuanlong , Nie Xinhui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cotton is an important cash crop in China and a key component of the global textile market. Verticillium wilt is a major factor affecting cotton yield. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and phenotypic data can be used to identify genetic markers and loci associated with cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. We used eight upland cotton parent materials in this study to construct a multiparent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population comprising 320 lines. The Verticillium wilt resistance of the MAGIC population was identified in the greenhouse in 2019, and the average relative disease index (ARDI) was calculated. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to discover SNP markers/genes associated with Verticillium wilt resistance.

Results
ARDI of the MAGIC population showed wide variation, ranging from 16.7 to 79.4 across three replicates. This variation reflected a diverse range of resistance to Verticillium wilt within the population. Analysis of distribution patterns across the environments revealed consistent trends, with coefficients of variation between 12.25% and 21.96%. Families with higher ARDI values, indicating stronger resistance, were more common, likely due to genetic diversity and environmental factors. Population structure analysis divided the MAGIC population into three subgroups, with Group I showing higher genetic variation and Groups II and III displaying more uniform resistance performance. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed these divisions, highlighting the genetic diversity underlying Verticillium wilt resistance. Through GWAS, we identified 19 SNPs significantly associated with Verticillium wilt resistance, distributed across three chromosomes. The screening of candidate genes was performed on the transcriptome derived from resistant and susceptible cultivars, combined with gene annotation and tissue expression patterns, and two key candidate genes, Ghir_A01G006660 and Ghir_A02G008980, were found to be potentially associated with Verticillium wilt resistance. This suggests that these two candidate genes may play an important role in responding to Verticillium wilt.

Conclusion
This study aims to dissect the genetic basis of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton by using a MAGIC population and GWAS. The study seeks to provide valuable genetic resources for marker-assisted breeding and enhance the understanding of resistance mechanisms to improve cotton resilience against Verticillium wilt.
Species boundaries, hybridization and gene flow
Authors: Nachman Michael W. 
Published: February 2025

The rise of genomics has spurred a renewed interest in hybridization and the permeability of species boundaries. However, these ideas are not new. Here I review early work by Patton and colleagues on hybridization, gene flow, and the nature of species boundaries in pocket gophers and argue that a focus on the underlying biology of the organism provides insights into hybridization and gene flow that are not obtainable from genomic data alone.
Improved superelastic Ni–Ti alloy wire for treating skeletal class III malocclusion combined with anterior crossbite: A case report
Authors: Chang Yu-Hsiang Sean , Chen Yuan-Hou , Yu Jian-Hong 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Correcting skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite in adolescents using only orthodontic treatment poses challenges. This report highlights a novel approach leveraging improved superelastic Ni–Ti alloy wire (ISW) to address these conditions effectively.
CASE SUMMARY
A 17-year-old male patient presented with the chief complaint of an underbite. The patient was given a diagnosis of skeletal class III malocclusion and anterior crossbite. The orthodontic treatment plan was implemented and did not require teeth extractions or orthognathic surgery. Key interventions involved the application of ISW, intermaxillary elastics, and ISW unilateral multi-bend edgewise archwire. The unique combination of these techniques enabled the correction without the need for extractions or surgery. This approach leverages the advanced biomechanical properties of ISW, including its super-elasticity and shape memory, to enhance treatment efficacy. The treatment lasted 17 months, and major improvements in overjet, overbite, and alignment were achieved. The results were favorable, and stability was discovered during follow-up.
CONCLUSION
The application of ISW for treating skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite in a 17-year-old male patient resulted in exceptional outcomes. The treatment led to a marked improvement in the patient’s facial profile and to proper overjet, overbite, and midline alignment. These results were maintained over a one-year follow-up, indicating that a minimally invasive orthodontic approach can effectively address complex skeletal discrepancies in adolescent patients. This case illustrates that with the careful use of advanced orthodontic techniques, major skeletal challenges can be resolved without resorting to surgical procedures.
Use of OviTex 1S, reinforced tissue matrix, for the repair of post renal transplant incisional hernias: Four case reports
Authors: Abed Mariam , Bradley Angus , Ghazanfar Abbas 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Incisional hernia is one of the known complications of renal transplant surgery, with a reported incidence between 1.1% to 3.8%. Depending on the site and extent of incisional hernia, it may require surgery particularly if it contains the transplanted kidney either partially or completely. The current common clinical practice is to repair incisional hernias using polypropylene meshes, which have their own risks and benefits. Biological meshes, which are made from human or animal-derived connective tissue, are also in use and have a less inflammatory response. Recently, hybrid meshes have been developed. These are composed of both biological and synthetic products. One such example is OviTex 1S permanent, which is a sterile reinforced tissue matrix composed of ovine (sheep) derived extracellular matrix and monofilament polypropylene. In this case report, we are sharing our experience with the use of OviTex 1S in the repair of post-renal transplant incisional hernias.
CASE SUMMARY
We report four cases of post-renal transplant incisional hernia with a median time of 27 months post-surgery. The median size of the defect was 15 cm long. There was no post-operative complication. One patient required renal transplant biopsy after mesh repair, which was easily performed compared with polypropylene meshes repaired hernias in the past.
CONCLUSION
The OviTex 1S mesh provides benefits in hernial repairs pKTx, but cost is an issue, and their long-term viability is unclear. Continued use and reporting will help build a more informed picture.