bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech recognition in patients after successful surgery for unilateral congenital ear anomalies
Authors: Snik Ad F. M. , Teunissen Bert , Cremers Cor W. R. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt is generally assumed that auditory stimulation since birth is important for the proper development of the central auditory nervous system. Whether auditory deprivation occurs in man and, therefore, whether it may be considered as a contraindication to surgery in unilateral congenital middle ear anomalies and atresias is the subject of the present study. Speech recognition during both monaural and binaural presentation was studied in patients who had successful surgery for a unilateral congenital ear anomaly.In binaural speech recognition tests, the average results of the patient group (N = 13) and a group of subjects with normal hearing proved to be comparable. The average speech recognition score using monaurally presented band‐pass filtered speech was 84% ± 8% and 77% ± 10% for the unoperated (normal) and operated ears, respectively (statistically significant). Speech‐to‐noise ratios of ‐5.6 ± 0.7 dB and ‐3.9 ± 1.6 db were found in the normal and operated ears, respectively (statistically significant).It is concluded that, in general, the speech recognition scores of the operated ears were satisfactory, but poorer than those of the normal ears.
Patterns of evoked otoacoustic emissions associated with acoustic neuromas
Authors: Telischi Fred F. , Roth Jeffrey , Stagner Barden B. , Lonsbury‐Martin Brenda L. , Balkany Thomas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEvoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are assumed to reflect healthy outer hair cell function. Over the past few years, evoked OAEs have been shown to be useful as indicators of cochlear hearing loss. Because basic studies have shown that OAEs are extremely sensitive to cochlear anoxia and hypoxia, as well as to the adverse effects of many inner ear diseases, it is possible that these objective tests can provide some insight into the fundamental basis of the hearing loss exhibited by patients with acoustic neuromas.The primary aim of the present study was to examine the effects of acoustic neuromas on the amplitudes of evoked OAEs and to compare these findings with tumor‐induced hearing levels. To this end, tests of behavioral audiometry, distortion‐product otoacoustic emissions and transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions were performed on 44 patients with verified acoustic neuromas. The results demonstrated that the majority of ears with acoustic neuromas displayed one of two distinct patterns of evoked OAEs: a cochlear pattern or a noncochlear pattern. Although behavioral hearing thresholds were higher with larger tumors, OAE levels exhibited no clear relationship to tumor size.The present findings support the notion that acoustic neuromas may cause hearing impairment according to two types of influence that act at different levels of the peripheral auditory system. The tumor's cochlear effect on evoked OAE activity is most likely caused by an indirectly mediated compromise of the organ of Corti's vascular supply. It is probable that the direct pressure of the tumor on the eighth cranial nerve is responsible for the observed noncochlear effects.
Acoustic neuroma: Correlation among tumor size, symptoms, and patient age
Authors: Van Leeuwen J. P. P. M. , Cremers C. W. R. J. , Thewissen N. P. M. W. , Harhangi B. S. , Meijer E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDue to improved diagnostic techniques, acoustic neuromas more frequently are detected at an early stage. Subsequent treatment depends on such factors as expected tumor growth rate, tumor size, and patient age. The natural history of acoustic neuromas is still uncertain:This study was performed to examine possible correlations among tumor size, patient age, signs and symptoms, and duration of symptoms. The study included 164 patients with an acoustic neuroma who were treated at University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands, over a period of 13 years. Comparisons were made between the findings of this study and the reports in the literature. No support was found for any of the correlations mentioned in other studies, and no relationships could be demonstrated between the parameters evaluated in this study. The authors therefore recommend that treatment policies be based only on well‐established correlations.
Modified neoglottis reconstruction following total laryngectomy: Long‐term follow‐up and results
Authors: Brandenburg James H. , Patil Namrata , Swift Edie W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn 1978 a surgical procedure was developed to create a neoglottis from the upper tracheal rings to facilitate speech rehabilitation in patients who had undergone total laryngectomy for carcinoma of the larynx. To date, 45 such procedures have been performed and results indicate rapid postoperative speech rehabilitation in nearly all patients, good long‐term speech results, and low morbidity. This procedure has served as a very successful alternative to the more frequently used tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) and prosthetic valve technique.
Role of pharyngeal propulsion as an indicator for upper esophageal sphincter myotomy
Authors: Moine Alain , Périé Sophie , Bokowy Christophe , Angelard Bruno , Chaussade Stanislas , Guily Jean Lacau St 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThirty‐eight patients with swallowing disorders underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy. The causes of the disorders were muscular in 12 cases, neurologic in 12, cricopharyngeal achalasia in 7, and unknown in 7. Surgery succeeded in 21 patients, gave a partial improvement in 4, and failed in 13. The quality of residual pharyngeal propulsion on clinical, manometric, and radiologic assessment appeared to be a more important predictor of surgical outcome than upper esophageal sphincter relaxation and the major factor in establishing the indications for cricopharyngeal myotomy. Achalasias in the elderly and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophies had the most favorable outcome.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: A clinicopathologic scoring system for evaluating risk of cervical lymph node metastasis
Authors: Vila Carlos Navarro , Martínez‐Gimeno Carlos , Rodríguez Ernesto Moro , Varela Carmen Lopez 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of 126 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity with neck dissection was studied. Several clinicohistologic parameters and statistical correlation with lymph node metastasis were evaluated. Statistical association with metastasis was found in the following factors: microvascular invasion (P < 6 × 10−7), grade of differentiation (P < .0001), T category (P = .003), tumor thickness (P = .005), inflammatory infiltration (P = .011), tumoral interphase (P = .02), and perineural spread (P = .04). We designed a scoring system based on statistical results that eliminates the need for complex mathematical formulas. We tested this scoring system; cases with scores ranging form 7 to 12, 13 to 16, 17 to 20, and 21 to 30 points showed metastasis in 0%, 20%, 63.6%, and 86.3% of cases, respectively. The differences between these four groups in relation to rate of metastasis were very significant (P = 8 × 10−9). In conclusion, this scoring system is a reliable method of predicting risk of metastasis.
Predicting perceived vulnerability for breast cancer among women with an average breast cancer risk
Authors: Eibner Frauke , Barth Jürgen , Bengel Jürgen 
Published: October 2006

Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to investigate predictors of perceived vulnerability for breast cancer in women with an average risk for breast cancer. On the basis of empirical findings that suggested which variables might be associated with perceived vulnerability for breast cancer, we investigated whether knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, cancer worry, intrusions about breast cancer, optimism about not getting cancer and perceived health status have a predictive value for perceived breast cancer vulnerability.Design. In a 3‐step approach, we recruited 292 women from the general public in Germany who had neither a family history of breast cancer nor breast cancer themselves. After receiving an initial informational letter about study objectives, the women were interviewed by telephone and then asked to fill in a self‐administered questionnaire.Methods. We used structural equation modelling and hypothesized that each of the included variables has a direct influence on perceived vulnerability for breast cancer.Results. We found a valid model with acceptable fit indices. Optimism about not getting cancer, intrusions about breast cancer and women's perceived health status explained 32% of the variance of perceived vulnerability for breast cancer. Cancer worry and knowledge about breast cancer did not influence perceived vulnerability for breast cancer.Conclusion. Perceived vulnerability for breast cancer is associated with health‐related variables more than with knowledge about breast cancer risk factors.
Future‐directed thinking and depression in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Moore Anna C. , MacLeod Andrew K. , Barnes David , Langdon Dawn W. 
Published: October 2006

Background.Research has shown that depression is associated with a view of the future characterized by reduced anticipation of future positive experiences, but not necessarily increased anticipation of future negative experiences. The aim of the present study was to investigate how participants with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) anticipated their future in terms of positive and negative events.Design.A mixed design compared three groups of participants on a measure of future thinking using an adapted verbal fluency paradigm.Methods.Depressed MS participants (N= 14), non‐depressed MS participants (N= 28) and healthy control participants (N= 26) were assessed on their ability to generate future positive and negative experiences. A content analysis was also conducted on the responses generated by the MS depressed and MS non‐depressed groups according to whether or not they were related to MS.Results.The MS depressed group anticipated significantly fewer future positive events than the healthy control group and the MS non‐depressed group. The three groups did not differ in the total numbers of anticipated future negative events, though the MS depressed group did anticipate a significantly higher proportion of MS‐related negative events.Conclusions.Like depressed but physically healthy individuals, the MS depressed group was characterized by a lack of positive thoughts about the future, rather than an increased number of negative thoughts. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed along with recommendations for future research.
Psychological distress after the occupation: A community cross‐sectional survey from Lebanon
Authors: Roberto Saab Bassem , Chaaya Monique , Eid Fares Jocelyn , Abi Khirs Joseph 
Published: October 2006

Objectives. Jezzine inhabitants were exposed to war stressors for 17 years. This study aims at determining the prevalence of psychiatric distress (PD) among Jezzine citizens who were exposed to war for 17 years and to identify associated factors.Design. Cross‐sectional study.Methods. A sample of 142 citizens was randomly selected from a population of 5,000. A novel questionnaire was used to collect data on war exposure, socioeconomic and demographic variables. PD was assessed using GHQ‐12. Data were analysed by logistic regression.Results. PD was found in 26% of Jezzine residents. PD was associated with age, marital status, education, experience of war‐related events, chronic illness and alcohol drinking. After adjusting for all variables, PD remained significantly correlated with older age and low education (odds ratios were 7.59 and 4.28, respectively).Conclusions. The prevalence of PD among the residents of Jezzine after a year of the Israeli withdrawal was similar to that reported in other communities whether they were, or were not, exposed to war stress. Higher prevalence among older and less educated individuals suggests the presence of a significant age cohort effect and cognitive construal factors for PD among persons chronically exposed to war‐related stressors.
Reactor Dosimetry Study of the Rhode Island Nuclear Science Center
Authors: Holden NE , Reciniello RN , Hu JP , Leith J , Tehan TN 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The RINSC is a 2 MW light water reactor that has a graphite thermal column, that is used for educational and industrial applications as well as for biological research. A series of measurements and calculations have been performed in this thermal column. Thermoluminescent dosimeter measurements of the neutron dose rate and the gamma-ray dose rate, as well as bare gold foil and cadmium covered gold foil measurements of the thermal and epithermal neutron flux densities are graphically compared to MCNP Monte Carlo calculations.
Characterization of Modified Carbon Nanotubes by TG-MS and Pyrolysis-GC/MS
Authors: Lineberry Q , Buthelezi T , Pan WP 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Two evolved gas analysis techniques were used to study modified single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). These techniques were thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (pyrolysis-GC/MS). Increased weight loss was exhibited in the modified SWNTs below 800°C, which was attributed to the addition of methoxide introduced during the modification. The localized environments of the SWNT provide bonding sites of varying strength that results in the staged evolution of the methoxide masses. The continued evolution of methoxide related masses is a result of the variations in the localized environments of the SWNTs, including the curved ends and various other possible sites along the sidewalls. However, once all the modifications have been removed, the overall structure of the SWNT still remains as intact as the pristine sample as indicated by the slope of the weight loss at higher temperatures.
Coupled Neutron-Gamma Calculations for the LR-0 Experimental Benchmark
Authors: Hordosy G 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Benchmark calculations were performed for the mockup of a WWER-1000 reactor developed on the test reactor LR-0 in Nuclear Research Institute Rez (Czech Republic). The experimental arrangement is azimuthally and axially shortened, but the radial dimensions and material compositions are identical with the power reactors. The neutron and photon spectra, attenuation coefficients, and spectral indices were calculated and compared with measurements in all representative points of the mockups. The calculations were performed using the mcnp4C Monte Carlo code. A detailed geometrical model was developed. Most calculations were repeated using different nuclear data libraries. In some cases it was found that the difference of measured and calculated values is higher than could be explained by the experimental and calculational error.
Greening of Mortars with Pozzolans
Authors: Bargaheiser K , Nordmeye DH 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Growing interest in sustainable building has created a strong interest in fly ash and other coal combustion products (CCPs). Emergence of agencies like the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) and the Coal Combustion Products Partnership (C2P2) of the USEPA has accelerated this trend. Their primary goal is sustainable development, focusing on environmental and social concerns. More than 30% of the 100 million tons of coal combustion products produced in the U.S. annually are being beneficially used in such things as manufactured stone, ceramic tile, shingles, concrete, aerated cellular concrete blocks, concrete blocks, stuccos, and mortars. The use of CCPs positively impacts the environment. Specifiers, contractors, and industry need to recognize that environmental stewardship today affects our children tomorrow. The features and benefits recognized in pozzolanic mortars reach beyond the technical, environmental, social, and sustainable aspects of this mortar. They signal future generations to track, improve, and develop mortars beyond any of our current technology.
The Effects of Stock and Prerelease Marine Net-Pen Culture on Survival to Adulthood, Age at Maturity, and Fisheries Contribution for Three Stocks of Chinook Salmon in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Thrower Frank , Joyce John E 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Three stocks of juvenile stream-type Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were evaluated as part of an ocean ranching and broodstock development program at Little Port Walter, Southeast Alaska. Fish were either cultured in freshwater throughout the presmolt period or moved to marine net-pens with an artificial freshwater lens for five periods (2–210 d); all fish were released on the same day. The fish were tagged with coded wire tags to determine the effect, if any, of stock and duration of marine net-pen culture on precocity, fishery contribution, survival to adulthood, and size in the commercial fisheries relative to traditional freshwater culture. Recoveries of tagged fish in the fisheries and at the hatchery weir indicated significant overall effects of stock on marine survival; the Unuk stock survived better than the Chickamin and King Salmon stocks. Culture overwinter in marine net-pens produced higher survival to adulthood in all stocks but also resulted in higher mortality during culture and a higher proportion of precocious males in one of the stocks. The effects of short-term spring net-pen culture on juvenile Chinook salmon also varied by stock. Unuk and Chickamin stocks cultured for short periods in marine net-pens generally had higher survival to adulthood, similar fishery contribution, and similar precocious maturation rates as their respective freshwater controls, while the King Salmon stock experienced variable marine survival, precocity, and fishery contribution rates. For facilities with limited freshwater or a limited number of fish to release, the use of marine net-pens for short-term culture could help reduce densities, ease rearing space constraints, and maximize adult production. These benefits appear to have stock-specific limitations.
Major and trace elements geochemistry of basalts and trachyphonolites from Huahine Island, Society archipelago (French Polynesia)
Authors: Harnois Luc , Stevenson Ross K. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Basalts and trachyphonolites from Huahine Island (Society archipelago) have been analyzed for major elements and several trace elements (including rare earth elements). Eight basalts from the nearby Bora Bora Island were also analyzed for comparison. Ni-MgO, Ni-Ba, and Ni-Rb modeling indicates that the abundances of these elements in Huahine basalts cannot be entirely the result of crystallization and/or accumulation of olivine and reflect a variability already present in a heterogeneous source, a conclusion supported by Pb and Ce data. The chemical variability of Huahine basalts, with respect to several trace elements, can be explained by contamination of the differentiating basaltic melt by a sedimentary reservoir. The same trace element data also suggest that Huahine trachyphonolites can be derived from basaltic magma by assimilation-fractional crystallization or from partial melting of a hawaiite.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study of mercury complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from 1,2,4-triazolium salt precursors
Authors: Frański Rafał , Gierczyk Błażej , Schroeder Grzegorz , Pieper Stefan , Springer Andreas , Linscheid Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBy mixing 1,2,4-triazolium salts (precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes 1–6) with mercury acetate, a number of complexes have been obtained under electrospray ionization condition. Carbenes 1 and 2 contain one carbene center; therefore, they are able to bond only one mercury cation. Carbenes 3–5 contain two carbene centers; therefore, they can bond two mercury cations. Mercury complexes of 1–5 always contain an acetate anion attached to a mercury cation. Carbene 6 also contains two carbene centers; however, its structure allows formation of a complex containing mercury bonded simultaneously to both centers, therefore, the complex that does not contain an acetate anion. The MS/MS spectra taken for complexes of carbenes 1–5 have shown formation of a cation corresponding to N1 substituent (adamantyl or benzyl), and those of complexes of carbenes 3–5 (doubly charged ions) have also shown the respective complementary partner ions. Mercury complex of 2 has yielded some other interesting fragmentation pathways, e.g. a loss of the HHgOOCCH3 molecule. The fragmentation pathway of the mercury complexes of 6 was found to be complicated.
The α
1-adrenolytic and structural evaluation of new pyridoindole derivatives
Authors: Májeková Magdaléna , Šnirc Vladimír , Štolc Svorad , Májek Pavol , Bezáková Želmíra , Sotníková Ružena 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
α1 — adrenolytic activities of pyridoindole derivatives recently synthesized in the Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, were measured. A characteristic set of derivatives (five active, one with a threshold activity and two inactive) was chosen and an elementary structure-activity study was performed. The structure and energy properties were estimated by quantum-chemical semiempirical AM1 and molecular mechanics methods. The ionization constants pKα of the individual derivatives were calculated by program Pallas or estimated by potenciometric titration. The α
1 blocking activities were measured by rat thoracic aorta model. The experimental model used was not α
1 — adrenoreceptor subtypes specific, however, the α
1D
subtype could be considered to be a predominant type in a rat aorta. The obtained physico-chemical parameters were then compared with the blocking activities of the derivatives and following determining characters for α
1 — adrenolytic activities were determined: 1) the polarity of the substituted phenol ring represented by a map of molecular electrostatic potential and 2) the hexahydro-pyridine nitrogen pKα constant, which represents the ability of the compound to be protonated by physiologic pH.
A new method for the preperative and analytical electrophoresis of cells
Authors: Wilk Anna , Rośkowicz Kinga , Korohoda Włodzimierz 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a new method is described for the horizontal electrophoresis of cells on a density cushion under near-isopycnic conditions. When cell sedimentation is minimized, the electrophoresis of red blood cells (RBC) used as model cells within an anti-convective porous matrix (with pores over 300 μm in diameter) was capable of separating a mixture of human and chicken RBC according to their electrophoretic mobilities. Samples taken from the separated RBC bands show over 90% purity for each species. The simultaneous electrophoresis of several RBC samples carried out under identical conditions permitted the use of comparative data based on the electrophoretic mobility of cells which differ in their surface properties. We believe that this relatively simple system, in which cell sedimentation and convection are minimized, has the potential to be modified and adapted for the separation of other cell types/organelles.
Web‐based text classification in the absence of manually labeled training documents
Authors: Hung Chen‐Ming , Chien Lee‐Feng 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMost text classification techniques assume that manually labeled documents (corpora) can be easily obtained while learning text classifiers. However, labeled training documents are sometimes unavailable or inadequate even if they are available. The goal of this article is to present a self‐learned approach to extract high‐quality training documents from the Web when the required manually labeled documents are unavailable or of poor quality. To learn a text classifier automatically, we need only a set of user‐defined categories and some highly related keywords. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach using the test set from the Reuters‐21578 news data set. The experiments show that very promising results can be achieved only by using automatically extracted documents from the Web.