bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indoor transformer stations as predictors of residential ELF magnetic field exposure
Authors: Ilonen K. , Markkanen A. , Mezei G. , Juutilainen Jukka 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTransformer stations in apartment buildings may offer a possibility to conduct epidemiological studies that involve high exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (MF), avoid selection bias and minimize confounding factors. To validate exposure assessment based on transformer stations, measurements were performed in thirty buildings in three Finnish cities. In each building, spot measurements in all rooms and a 24‐h recording in a bedroom were performed in one apartment above a transformer station (AAT), in one first floor (FF) reference apartment, and one reference apartment on upper floors (UF). The apartment mean of spot measurements was 0.62 µT in the AATs, 0.21 µT in the FF and 0.11 µT in the UF reference apartments The 24‐h apartment mean (estimated from the spot measurements and the bedroom 24‐h recording) was 0.2 µT or higher in 29 (97%) AATs, in 7 (25%) FF and in 3 (10 %) UF reference apartments. The corresponding numbers for the 0.4 µT cut‐off point were 19 (63%), 4 (14%), and 1 (3.3%). The higher MF level in the FF reference apartments indicates that they should not be considered “unexposed” in epidemiological studies. If such apartments are excluded, a transformer station under the floor predicts 24‐h apartment mean MF with a sensitivity of 0.41 (or 0.58) and a specificity of 0.997 (or 0.97), depending on the MF cut‐off point (0.2 or 0.4 µT). The results indicate that apartments can be reliably classified as high and low MF field categories based on the known location of transformer stations. Bioelectromagnetics 29:213–218, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of the behavioral investigative support system for profiling perpetrators of serial sexual assaults
Authors: Yokota Kaeko , Fujita Goro , Watanabe Kazumi , Yoshimoto Kaori , Wachi Taeko 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe authors developed a data‐based profiling system in order to support offender profiling. The system stored incident records of prior offenders. Inputting offence details of an unsolved incident, a probability score was assigned to each prior offender in the system; the score represented the behavioral similarity with the unsolved incident. The system then ranked all offenders in the system according to the probability scores, and prioritized the high‐ranked offenders as possible suspects. Moreover, the system inferred the characteristics of unknown offenders by accumulating characteristics of the high‐ranked offenders. The system achieved promising accuracy, especially for linking crimes to perpetrators. In 45 out of 81 simulation trials, the target offenders were retrieved as a rank score of 1 from among 868 sex offenders. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CAPTURE registry: Predictors of outcomes in carotid artery stenting with embolic protection for high surgical risk patients in the early post‐approval setting
Authors: Gray William A. , Yadav Jay S. , Verta Patrick , Scicli Andrea , Fairman Ronald , Wholey Mark , Hopkins L. Nelson , Atkinson Richard , Raabe Rod , Barnwell Stanley , Green Richard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground:The use of carotid artery stenting with embolic protection has been practiced for over a decade in the United States, and increasingly so since carotid stenting received FDA approval in 2004. While there have been attempts at establishing predictors of outcomes in carotid artery stenting, they have generally been limited to single center experiences and/or multicenter retrospective surveys. This report examines predictors of outcomes in carotid stenting in the earliest and largest prospective multicenter neurologist‐adjudicated experience in the United States post device approval.Methods:The Carotid Acculink®/Accunet® Post‐Approval Trial to Uncover Unanticipated or Rare Events (CAPTURE) is a prospective, multi‐center registry conducted to assess outcomes of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in the noninvestigational setting following device approval for high surgical risk patients (symptomatic with ≥50% stenosis; asymptomatic ≥80% stenosis). A neurologist examined the patients before the procedure, at 24 hr and 30‐days post‐procedure. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, any stroke, or myocardial infarction within 30‐days post‐procedure. Strokes and neurological events suspected to be strokes were adjudicated by an independent Clinical Events Adjudication Committee (CEAC) using prespecified definitions. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine clinical, procedural, and anatomic predictors of endpoint outcomes.Results:Three thousand five hundred patients were enrolled at 144 sites by 353 physicians of varying specialty backgrounds and CAS experience. The 30‐day primary endpoint event rate of death, stroke and MI was 6.3% [95% CI: 5.5–7.1%], and the rate of major stroke and death 2.9% [95% CI: 2.4–3.5]. Predictors of adverse outcomes included age, symptomatic patients, predilation prior to embolic protection device placement, time from symptoms to CAS procedure, and the use of multiple stents.Conclusions:In general, carotid stenting is performed safely in patients with severe stenosis at high surgical risk, with best outcomes in younger asymptomatic patients. However, there are certain patient and procedural characteristics that are associated with poorer outcomes. In these patients, the risk of stenting should be considered vis‐à‐vis both the anticipated benefit as well as the alternative surgical and medical options. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unprecedented Aromatic Homolytic Substitutions and Cyclization of AmideIminyl Radicals: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Beaume Aurore , Courillon Christine , Derat Etienne , Malacria Max 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAmideiminyl radicals are versatile and efficient intermediates in cascade radical cyclizations of N‐acylcyanamides. They are easily trapped by alkenes or (hetero‐)aromatic rings and cyclize into a series of new heterocyclic compounds which bear a pyrroloquinazoline moiety. As an illustration of the synthetic importance of these compounds, the total synthesis of the natural antitumor compound luotonin A was achieved through a tin‐free radical cascade cyclization process. Not only do amideiminyl radicals lead to new tetracyclic heterocycles but these nitrogen‐centered radical species also react in aromatic homolytic substitutions. Indeed, the amideiminyl radical moiety unprecedentedly displaces methyl, methoxy, and fluorine radicals from an aromatic carbon atom. This seminal reaction in the field of radical chemistry has been developed experimentally and its mechanism has additionally been investigated by a theoretical study.
Photocatalytic Cleavage of Single TiO2/DNA Nanoconjugates
Authors: Tachikawa Takashi , Asanoi Yoshiaki , Kawai Kiyohiko , Tojo Sachiko , Sugimoto Akira , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTiO2/DNA nanoconjugates were successfully fabricated by using the catechol moiety as a binding functional group, which was confirmed by steady‐state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Upon UV irradiation, the photocatalytic cleavage of the TiO2/DNA nanoconjugates was observed at the single‐molecule level by using wide‐field fluorescence microscopy. The decrease in the number of conjugates, which was estimated from the luminescent spots due to semiconductor quantum dots modified at the DNA strand, was significantly inhibited by a single A/C mismatch in the DNA sequences. This result strongly suggests that the migration of holes, which are injected from the photoexcited TiO2 into the DNA, through the DNA bases plays an important role in the photocatalytic cleavage of the conjugates. The influences of the photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the cleavage efficiency were also examined. According to the experimental results, it was concluded that oxidation of the catechol moiety and/or the DNA damage are key reactions in this process.
Macrophage attenuation of neuronal excitability: Implications for pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Wang Wenwei , Hu Dehui , Xiong Huangui 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBrain macrophages (and microglia) play a crucial role in central nervous system immune and inflammatory responses. They are also critical cells in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. To understand how macrophages cause neural cell dysfunction, we investigated the effects of mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) on rat cortical neuronal physiology in a BMDM‐neuronal co‐culture system using whole‐cell patch clamp techniques. When co‐cultured with neuronal cells, BMDMs hyperpolarized the neuronal membrane and attenuated both spontaneous and electrically evoked firings through a decrease in membrane input resistance. The average duration of evoked action potentials (APs) and the latency to fire the APs, in response to a constant depolarizing current injection, were significantly increased by BMDMs. These results indicate that BMDMs attenuate neuronal excitability. Further investigation revealed that BMDMs hyperpolarize neuronal membranes by enhancing neuronal delayed rectifier potassium current (IK), which was blocked by tetraethylammonium. This BMDM‐induced attenuation on neuronal excitability may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction and damage as seen in neurodegenerative disorders. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms in an epidemiologic sample of community‐dwelling elders with milder forms of cognitive impairment in Hong Kong SAR
Authors: Chan Sandra S. M. , Lam Linda C. W. , Tam Cindy W. C. , Lui Victor W. C. , Chan W. C. , Wong Sunny , Wong Ada , Tham M. K. , Ho K. S. , Chan W. M. , Chiu Helen F. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundDepression and cognitive impairment in later‐life have great bearings on public health. The two conditions often co‐occur and have mutual implications on short‐term risk and long‐term prognosis.MethodA two‐phase epidemiologic survey on the prevalence of dementia in elders aged 60 and over was conducted in Hong Kong in 2005–2006. In the first phase, 6,100 randomly selected community dwelling elders were assessed with Cantonese version of Mini‐Mental State Examination (C‐MMSE) and Abbreviated Memory Inventory for Chinese (AMIC). Two thousand and seventy‐three subjects were screened positive and invited for second phase cognitive and psychiatric assessment. 35.5% of screen‐positive subjects participated in Phase 2 assessment conducted by psychiatrists for diagnosis of dementia. Severity of dementia was determined using Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and a structured bedside cognitive battery were also administered to each subject.Results1.7% of subjects with CDR 0.5 and 5.9% of subjects with CDR 1 had clinically significant depressive symptoms (>/ = 8 on CSDD). Score on CSDD correlated positively with duration of cognitive symptoms, scores on CIRS and CMMSE in linear regression model. In a logistic regression model, male gender, duration of cognitive symptoms, CIRS and CMMSE was associated with increased risk for clinically significant depressive symptoms.ConclusionsIn our sample, milder forms of cognitive impairment were associated with increased risk for depression in the presence of other risk factors such as male gender, higher physical illness burden and longer duration of cognitive symptoms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The generalized Pareto sum
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Kotz Samuel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe generalized Pareto distribution has received much popularity as models for extreme events in hydrological sciences. In this note, the important problem of the sum of two independent generalized Pareto random variables is considered. Exact analytical expressions for the probability distribution of the sum are derived and a detailed application to drought data from Nebraska is provided. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bayesian reconstruction method for micro‐rotation imaging in light microscopy
Authors: Laksameethanasan Danai , Brandt Sami S. , Engelhardt Peter , Renaud Olivier , Shorte Spencer L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe authors present a three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithm and reconstruction‐based deblurring method for light microscopy using a micro‐rotation device. In contrast to conventional 3D optical imaging where the focal plane is shifted along the optical axis, micro‐rotation imaging employs dielectric fields to rotate the object inside a fixed optical set‐up. To address this entirely new 3D‐imaging modality, the authors present a reconstruction algorithm based on Bayesian inversion theory and use the total variation function as a structure prior. The spectral properties of the reconstruction by simulations that illustrate the strengths and the weaknesses of the micro‐rotation approach, compared with conventional 3D optical imaging, were studied. The reconstruction from real data sets shows that this method is promising for 3D reconstruction and offers itself as a deblurring method using a reconstruction‐based procedure for removing out‐of‐focus light from the micro‐rotation image series. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of shell matrix proteins in hemocytes and tissues of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica
Authors: Johnstone Mary B. , Ellis Steve , Mount Andrew S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe tissues of the oyster were examined for the presence of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) using a combination of Western, proteomic, and epi‐fluorescent microscopy techniques. SMP, including 48 and 55 kDa phosphoproteins, was detected in the epithelial cells of mantle, gill, heart, and adductor muscle and linings of arteries and veins. The 48 kDa SMP circulates continuously within the hemolymph, and is present in the immune system hemocytes. It appears to be secreted from hemocytes on induction of shell repair. We suggest that the 48 and 55 kDa proteins are multifunctional and bridge the process of soft tissue repair and shell formation by mediating cellular activities during immune response as well as interacting with the mineral phase during deposition. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:227–239, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of the mini mental state exam to the montreal cognitive assessment in identifying cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zadikoff Cindy , Fox Susan H. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Thomsen Teri , de Bie Rob M.A. , Wadia Pettarusup , Miyasaki Janis , Duff‐Canning Sarah , Lang Anthony E. , Marras Connie 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDementia is an important and increasingly recognized problem in Parkinson's disease (PD). The mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) often fails to detect early cognitive decline. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) is a brief tool developed to detect mild cognitive impairment that assesses a broader range of domains frequently affected in PD. The scores on the MMSE and the MoCA were compared in 88 patients with PD. A pronounced ceiling effect was observed with the MMSE but not with the MoCA. The range and standard deviation of scores was larger with the MoCA(7–30, 4.26) than with the MMSE(16–30, 2.55). The percentage of subjects scoring below a cutoff of 26/30 (used by others to detect mild cognitive impairment) was higher on the MoCA (32%) than on the MMSE (11%)(P < 0.000002). Compared to the MMSE, the MoCA may be a more sensitive tool to identify early cognitive impairment in PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Coupling between limb tremor and postural sway in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kerr Graham , Morrison Steven , Silburn Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIncreased tremor and postural instability are motor problems commonly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite the similarity between these oscillatory forms, little is known about the relation between them, especially for individuals with enhanced tremor. This study was designed to examine the nature of any relation between center of pressure (COP) excursions and postural/resting limb tremor of young, older individuals, and Parkinsonian participants in their different medication states. The resting and postural tremor for the PD participants was characterized by a single, prominent peak frequency between 4 and 7 Hz. The postural tremor for young/older participants contained smaller peaks between 1 to 4 and 7 to 12 Hz although no prominent peak was seen in their resting tremor. The AP and ML COP dynamics of all participants was characterized by a major peak between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz. An additional peak was observed in the COP output of the PD participants between 4 and 7 Hz. While no tremor‐COP coupling was observed for the young/old groups, coherence analysis revealed a significant degree of coupling between COP motion and tremor between 4 and 7 Hz for PD participants. These results highlight that the amplified tremor in PD can manifest itself in COP dynamics. This finding may have implications for postural stability for this patient group. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Characterization of white matter alterations in phenylketonuria by magnetic resonance relaxometry and diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Vermathen Peter , Robert‐Tissot Laure , Pietz Joachim , Lutz Thomas , Boesch Chris , Kreis Roland 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA multimodal MR study including relaxometry, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and MR spectroscopy was performed on patients with classical phenylketonuria (PKU) and matched controls, to improve our understanding of white matter (WM) lesions. Relaxometry yields information on myelin loss or malformation and may substantiate results from DTI attributed to myelin changes. Relaxometry was used to determine four brain compartments in normal‐appearing brain tissue (NABT) and in lesions: water in myelin bilayers (myelin water, MW), water in gray matter (GM), water in WM, and water with long relaxation times (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]‐like signals). DTI yielded apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and fractional anisotropies. MW and WM content were reduced in NABT and in lesions of PKU patients, while CSF‐like signals were significantly increased. ADC values were reduced in PKU lesions, but also in the corpus callosum. Diffusion anisotropy was reduced in lesions because of a stronger decrease in the longitudinal than in the transverse diffusion. WM content and CSF‐like components in lesions correlated with anisotropy and ADC. ADC values in lesions and in the corpus callosum correlated negatively with blood and brain phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations. Intramyelinic edema combined with vacuolization is a likely cause of the WM alterations. Correlations between diffusivity and Phe concentrations confirm vulnerability of WM to high Phe concentrations. Magn Reson Med 58:1145–1156, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A non‐volatile, bistable, and rewritable memory device fabricated with poly(nitroxide radical) and silver salt layers
Authors: Yonekuta Yasunori , Honda Kenji , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA non‐volatile, bistable, and rewritable organic memory device was successfully fabricated with the layers of poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl methacrylate) (PTMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) containing silver salt. The PTMA layer was employed as a p‐dopable material, while the silver salt‐dispersed PMMA layer acted as an n‐dopable material. The ON–OFF ratio between low‐conductivity and high‐conductivity states amounted to more than four orders of magnitude, and the retention time was longer than 103 sec. The device was characterized by excellent rewritability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erneuerung der abgehängten Decke in der Olympiaschwimmhalle in München
Authors: Göppert Knut , Linden Sebastian 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDie Olympiaschwimmhalle als Bestandteil der Münchener Olympiabauten wurde anlässlich der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1972 erbaut. Nach über 30 Jahren Standzeit war die Tragfähigkeit der Membrankonstruktion der abgehängten Decke durch Alterung und äußere Einflüsse erschöpft. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert die Geschichte der abgehängten Decke der Schwimmhalle: die architektonischen, statischen und bauphysikalischen Anforderungen im Urzustand sowie die Planung und Ausführung der kürzlich fertiggestellten neuen abgehängten Decke.
Support for Simulation‐based Surgical Education through American College of Surgeons – Accredited Education Institutes
Authors: Sachdeva Ajit K. , Pellegrini Carlos A. , Johnson Kathleen A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe American College of Surgeons (ACS) recently launched a new program to provide regional support for simulation‐based surgical education through the establishment of a consortium of accredited education institutes. The goals of the program are to enhance surgical patient safety, support efforts of surgeons to meet the requirements for Maintenance of Certification, address the core competencies that all surgeons and surgical residents need to achieve and demonstrate, and enhance access to contemporary surgical education. The ACS‐accredited institutes will comprehensively address the needs of a broad spectrum of learners and advance the science of simulation‐based surgical education. Accreditation is being offered at two levels—Level I (Comprehensive) and Level II (Basic)—based on three standards that focus on the learners served, the curricula offered, and the technological support and resources available. Initial plans of the consortium of ACS‐accredited Education Institutes include development and dissemination of innovative curricula, peer review of new educational programs and products, sharing of limited educational resources, and pursuit of collaborative research and development. This program should be of great value in supporting the professional activities of surgeons, surgical residents, medical students, and members of the surgical team, and in delivering surgical care of the highest quality.
Hume's Sceptical Materialism
Authors: Buckle Stephen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe paper argues that Hume's philosophy is best described as sceptical materialism. It is argued that the conjunction is not self-contradictory as long as ‘scepticism’ is understood in its ancient sense, as the denial of knowledge of the essences of things. It is further argued that scepticism (thus understood) and materialism are natural bedfellows, since a thoroughgoing materialism denies any special status to human rational powers. The content of theTreatise of Human Natureis then shown to conform to this understanding: theTreatiseconsistently employs an implicitly materialist faculty psychology in order to arrive at its sceptical standpoint. Finally, it is shown that Hume's philosophy can be understood to be a sceptical rewriting of the dogmatic materialism of Hobbes.