bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid synthase inhibition with Orlistat promotes apoptosis and reduces cell growth and lymph node metastasis in a mouse melanoma model
Authors: Carvalho Marco A. , Zecchin Karina G. , Seguin Fabiana , Bastos Débora C. , Agostini Michelle , Rangel Ana Lúcia C.A. , Veiga Sílvio S. , Raposo Helena F. , Oliveira Helena C.F. , Loda Massimo , Coletta Ricardo D. , Graner Edgard 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFatty acid synthase (FASN) is the enzyme responsible for the endogenous synthesis of the saturated fatty acid palmitate. In contrast to most normal cells, malignant cells depend on FASN activity for growth and survival. In fact, FASN is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers including cutaneous melanoma, in which its levels of expression are associated with a poor prognosis and depth of invasion. Here, we show that the specific inhibition of FASN activity by the antiobesity drug Orlistat or siRNA is able to significantly reduce proliferation and promote apoptosis in the mouse metastatic melanoma cell line B16‐F10. These results prompted us to verify the effect of FASN inhibition on the metastatic process in a model of spontaneous melanoma metastasis, in which B16‐F10 cells injected in the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 mice metastasize to the mediastinal lymph nodes. We observed that mice treated with Orlistat 48 hr after the inoculation of B16‐F10 cells exhibited a 52% reduction in the number of mediastinal lymph node metastases, in comparison with the control animals. These results suggest that FASN activity is essential for B16‐F10 melanoma cell proliferation and survival while its inactivation by Orlistat significantly reduces their metastatic spread. The chemical inhibition of FASN activity could have a potential benefit in association with the current chemotherapy for melanoma. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the lung, liver and urinary tract of mice exposed to environmental cigarette smoke and UV light since birth
Authors: D'Agostini Francesco , Balansky Roumen , Steele Vernon E. , Ganchev Gancho , Pesce Carlo , De Flora Silvio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIt is difficult to reproduce the carcinogenicity of cigarette smoke (CS) in animal models. Recently, we showed that exposure of mice to mainstream CS (MCS) for 120 days, starting immediately after birth, resulted in an early and potent carcinogenic response. In parallel, we implemented studies evaluating intermediate biomarkers and tumors in mice exposed to environmental CS (ECS). To this purpose, we used 263 newborn CD‐1 mice born from 27 dams. The whole‐body exposure to ECS for 120 days, starting within 12 hr after birth, resulted in an early appearance of preneoplastic lesions in lung, which however tended to attenuate after discontinuing exposure. When the experiment was stopped, after 330 days, the number of lung adenomas was higher in ECS‐exposed mice as compared to sham‐exposed mice, but such increase was statistically significant only in mice co‐exposed to smoke and halogen light mimicking solar irradiation. Moreover, exposure to ECS produced extensive histopathological changes, mainly parenchymatous degeneration, in liver. The alterations produced in both lung and liver require that exposure to ECS starts immediately after birth, no effect being observed when exposure started 8 days later. In contrast, induction by ECS of alterations in the urinary tract, such as microadenomas and adenomas in renal pelvis and kidney, papillary hyperplasia of urothelium, and urinary bladder papillomas, were unrelated to the exposure time after birth. The results obtained with ECS cannot be directly compared to those previously obtained with MCS, since the latter involved shorter daily exposures to more massive CS doses. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of cervical cancer among immigrants by age at immigration and follow‐up time in Sweden, from 1968 to 2004
Authors: Azerkan Fatima , Zendehdel Kazem , Tillgren Per , Faxelid Elisabeth , Sparén Pär 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBecause of great variation in the prevalence of human papilloma virus infection and other risk factors of cervical cancer worldwide, migrant studies may help further the understanding of the aetiology and improve prevention of cervical cancer. Our aim was to study the risk of invasive cervical cancer among immigrant women. We followed 758,002 immigrants from different countries who resided in Sweden between 1968 and 2004. Age‐standardised incidence rates (ASRs) of immigrants were compared with that in their countries of origin. Poisson regression models estimated the relative risks of cervical cancer among immigrants, overall and stratified by age at migration and follow‐up time, compared to Swedish‐born women. Overall 1,991 of 19,542 observed cases of cervical cancer occurred among immigrants. Generally they had lower ASRs than in their countries of origin, with the exception of Nordic immigrants. Compared to Swedish‐born women, we observed a higher relative risk of cervical cancer among immigrants overall (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.08–1.18), and particularly among women from Denmark (RR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.6–2.1), Norway (RR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.5–1.9) and Central America (RR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.3–4.9), while the relative risks were lower in immigrants from Eastern Africa (RR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.6), South Central Asia (RR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.6) and South Western Asia (RR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.7). Follow‐up time and age at migration were important effect modifiers for cervical cancer risks. We suggest targeted prevention toward high‐risk immigrants, specifically older women, in the first 10 years after arrival into their new homeland. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐[3‐[4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl) piperaziny‐1‐yl]propyl]cyclam: synthesized as a potential 5‐HT1A receptor ligand and labelled with 99mTc‐nitrido core
Authors: Wang Fenglong , Wang Xuebin , Yang Shuye , Liu Jian , Zhang Xianzhong 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the synthesis of new potential 5‐HT1A receptor ligand N‐[3‐[4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperaziny‐1‐yl]propyl]cyclam (MPPC) and radiolabelling of it with 99mTc‐nitrido core. The novel neutral complex 99mTcN‐MPPC combines 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) ligand as chelate moiety for 99mTc‐nitrido with a 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine moiety derived from WAY 100635 via a 3‐carbon alkyl chain. This provided a reliable and reproducible method for attaching the technetium to the pharmacophore moiety of WAY 100635. 99mTcN‐MPPC was prepared by a two‐step procedure and the radiochemical purity was found to be greater than 95%. It was hydrophilic and stable for at least 4 h at room temperature. In vivo stability study in normal rats showed that no degradation of 99mTcN‐MPPC was found in deproteinated blood samples at 2 h post‐injection. This effective 99mTc‐labelling strategy for obtaining neutral 99mTc nitrido complexes would be a useful tool to prepare new SPECT agents to image 5‐HT1A receptor with cyclam conjugated ligands. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified radical lymphadenectomy without splenectomy in patients with proximal gastric cancer: Comparison with standard D2 lymphadenectomy for distal gastric cancer
Authors: Cheong Oh , Kim Byung Sik , Yook Jeong Hwan , Oh Sung Tae , Park Young Kyu , Ryu Seong Yeop 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe assessed the optimal extent of lymph node dissection and the effect of splenectomy in patients with proximal gastric cancer.MethodRecurrence and survival rates were compared between 881 patients with proximal gastric cancer who underwent modified radical lymphadenectomy and 3,098 patients with distal gastric cancer who underwent standard D2 lymphadenectomy.ResultsThe recurrence rate was significantly higher in the total than in the distal gastrectomy group (32.5% vs. 16.5%, P < 0.001), but the rates were similar after adjustment for TNM stage. The overall 5‐year survival rate was significantly higher in the distal than in the total gastrectomy group (80.4% vs. 66.2%, P < 0.001), but this difference was not observed after adjustment for TNM stage. Multivariate analysis showed that patient age, number of retrieved lymph nodes, depth of invasion, and nodal metastasis were independent prognostic determinants for survival, whereas type of lymphadenectomy was not.ConclusionLong‐term outcomes were similar in patients with proximal gastric cancer who underwent modified lymphadenectomy without splenectomy and in patients with distal gastric cancer who underwent standard D2 lymphadenectomy. These findings indicate that modified radical lymphadenectomy without splenectomy is sufficient for optimal lymph node dissection in patients with proximal gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:500–504. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circumferential cutaneous traction for exposure of the layers of the abdominal wall
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundClear exposure of the operative field at all stages of a surgical procedure is a requirement of an optimal intervention. Current techniques for retraction do not provide visualization of the abdominal wall.MethodsA new method for elevation of the abdominal wall to expose all 5 layers of this structure was devised. This involved circumferential skin traction on a fixed retractor using heavy monofilament structures.ResultsThis new technique allowed entrance into the abdominal cavity in patients having reoperative surgery with less damage to small and large bowel loops immediately beneath the abdominal incision. Tumor masses recurring within a midline abdominal incision were excised with margins well visualized.ConclusionsCircumferential cutaneous traction allows strong anterior traction that spreads out the layers of the abdominal wall to expose these structures more adequately. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photon confinement in photonic crystal nanocavities
Authors: Lalanne P. , Sauvan C. , Hugonin J.P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe quest for enhanced light‐matter interactions has enabled a tremendous increase in the performance of photonic‐crystal nanoresonators in the past decade. State‐of‐the‐art nanocavities now offer mode lifetime in the nanosecond range with confinement volumes of a few hundredths of a cubic micrometer. These results are certainly a consequence of the rapid development of fabrication techniques and modeling tools at micro‐ and nanometric scales. For future applications and developments, it is necessary to deeply understand the intrinsic physical quantities that govern the photon confinement in these cavities. We present a review of the different physical mechanisms at work in the photon confinement of almost all modern PhC cavity constructs. The approach relies on a Fabry‐Perot picture and emphasizes three intrinsic quantities, the mirror reflectance, the mirror penetration depth and the defect‐mode group velocity, which are often hidden by global analysis relying on an a posteriori analysis of the calculated cavity mode. The discussion also includes nanoresonator constructs, such as the important micropillar cavity, for which some subtle scattering mechanisms significantly alter the Fabry‐Perot picture.
High‐power RF photodiodes and their applications
Authors: Nagatsuma T. , Ito H. , Ishibashi T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThere has been an increasing interest in photonic generation of RF signals in the millimeter‐wave (30 GHz∼300 GHz) and/or terahertz‐wave (0.1 THz∼10 THz) regions, and photodiodes play a key role in it. This paper reviews recent progress in the high‐power RF photodiodes such as Uni‐Traveling‐Carrier‐Photodiodes (UTC‐PDs), which operate at these frequencies. Several approaches to increasing both the bandwidth and output power of photodiodes are discussed, and promising applications to broadband wireless communications and spectroscopic sensing are described.
Antipsychotic medication treatment for mild hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Positive impact on long‐term worsening
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Fan Wenqing , Leurgans Sue 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo test if antipsychotic medication treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with mild hallucinations and retained insight delays deterioration to delusions or hallucinations without insight. We identified subjects at the time they developed their first hallucination, based on documented progression in their UPDRS thought disorder (TD) score from <2 to 2 (“benign” hallucinations with insight retained). We registered TD scores at follow‐up visits and their hallucination treatment: antipsychotic medication, PD medication reduction, or observation. The primary outcome measure was the time from the first TD = 2 until the TD score worsened to 3 (hallucinations with loss of insight) or 4 (delusions, psychosis). The effect of antipsychotic medication treatment on transition hazard rate was modeled by proportional hazards regression (Cox model) with antipsychotic medication use as a time‐dependent covariate. Of 64 patients, 31 received antipsychotic medication during the study (mean group follow‐up 31 months). Of the 38 subjects who reached endpoint, eight subjects had been treated with antipsychotic medication compared to 30/33 in those not treated with antipsychotic medication. Antipsychotic medication treatment reduced the risk of deterioration [hazard ratio = 0.156, CI = (0.067–0.363), P < 0.0001] compared to treatment without antipsychotic medications. The median time from the introduction of antipsychotic medication to the conversion from TD = 2 to TD > 2 was 39 months in subjects on antipsychotic medication compared to 12 months in patients treated otherwise. Until randomized treatment trials provide definitive information, early antipsychotic medication treatment for mild hallucinations should be considered with the combined goal of improving current hallucinations and reducing risks of later deterioration. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
A radiation condition for uniqueness in a wave propagation problem for 2‐D open waveguides
Authors: Ciraolo Giulio , Magnanini Rolando 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe study the uniqueness of solutions of Helmholtz equation for a problem that concerns wave propagation in waveguides. The classical radiation condition does not apply to our problem because the inhomogeneity of the index of refraction extends to infinity in one direction. Also, because of the presence of a waveguide, some waves propagate in one direction with different propagation constants and without decaying in amplitude.We provide an explicit condition for uniqueness for rectilinear waveguides, which takes into account the physically significant components, corresponding to guided and non‐guided waves; this condition reduces to the classical Sommerfeld–Rellich condition in the relevant cases.By a careful asymptotic analysis we prove that the solution derived by Magnanini and Santosa (SIAM J. Appl. Math. 2001; 61:1237–1252) for stratified media satisfies our radiation condition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for measuring utilization of mental health services in two epidemiologic studies
Authors: Novins Douglas K. , Beals Janette , Croy Calvin , Manson Spero M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectives of Study: Psychiatric epidemiologic studies often include two or more sets of questions regarding service utilization, but the agreement across these different questions and the factors associated with their endorsement have not been examined. The objectives of this study were to describe the agreement of different sets of mental health service utilization questions that were included in the American Indian Service Utilization Psychiatric Epidemiology Risk and Protective Factors Project (AI‐SUPERPFP), and compare the results to similar questions included in the baseline National Comorbidity Survey (NCS).Methods: Responses to service utilization questions by 2878 AI‐SUPERPFP and 5877 NCS participants were examined by calculating estimates of service use and agreement (κ) across the different sets of questions. Logistic regression models were developed to identify factors associated with endorsement of specific sets of questions.Results: In both studies, estimates of mental health service utilization varied across the different sets of questions. Agreement across the different question sets was marginal to good (κ = 0.27–0.69). Characteristics of identified service users varied across the question sets.Limitations: Neither survey included data to examine the validity of participant responses to service utilization questions.Recommendations for Further Research: Question wording and placement appear to impact estimates of service utilization in psychiatric epidemiologic studies. Given the importance of these estimates for policy‐making, further research into the validity of survey responses as well as impacts of question wording and context on rates of service utilization is warranted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA): rationale, objectives and methods
Authors: Penninx Brenda W.J.H. , Beekman Aartjan T.F. , Smit Johannes H. , Zitman Frans G. , Nolen Willem A. , Spinhoven Philip , Cuijpers Pim , De Jong Peter J. , Van Marwijk Harm W.J. , Assendelft Willem J.J. , Van Der Meer Klaas , Verhaak Peter , Wensing Michel , De Graaf Ron , Hoogendijk Witte J. , Ormel Johan , Van Dyck Richard 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) is a multi‐site naturalistic cohort study to: (1) describe the long‐term course and consequences of depressive and anxiety disorders, and (2) to integrate biological and psychosocial research paradigms within an epidemiological approach in order to examine (interaction between) predictors of the long‐term course and consequences.Its design is an eight‐year longitudinal cohort study among 2981 participants aged 18 through 65 years. The sample consists of 1701 persons with a current (six‐month recency) diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety disorder, 907 persons with life‐time diagnoses or at risk because of a family history or subthreshold depressive or anxiety symptoms, and 373 healthy controls. Recruitment took place in the general population, in general practices (through a three‐stage screening procedure), and in mental health organizations in order to recruit persons reflecting various settings and developmental stages of psychopathology. During a four‐hour baseline assessment including written questionnaires, interviews, a medical examination, a cognitive computer task and collection of blood and saliva samples, extensive information was gathered about key (mental) health outcomes and demographic, psychosocial, clinical, biological and genetic determinants. Detailed assessments will be repeated after one, two, four and eight years of follow‐up.The findings of NESDA are expected to provide more detailed insight into (predictors of) the long‐term course of depressive and anxiety disorders in adults. Besides its scientific relevance, this may contribute to more effective prevention and treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal use of multi‐informant data on co‐occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems: the TRAILS study
Authors: Noordhof Arjen , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Verhulst Frank C. , Ormel Johan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractStrong between‐informant discrepancies are found in ratings of (pre)adolescent problems and in co‐occurrence rates between different domains of psychopathology. These discrepancies can be caused by differences in the context of measurement and the perspective of informants. The aim of this study was to develop a “Multi‐Informant Co‐occurrence” model (MIC), which takes into account these differences in context and perspective. In a population‐based cohort of (pre)adolescents (n = 2230) from a longitudinal study in the north of the Netherlands, internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems were rated by the (pre)adolescents themselves, their teachers, and their parents. As hypothesized Principal Component Analysis revealed four independent main components: Between‐domain convergence was captured by a severity component (S), while between‐domain discrepancy was captured by a direction component (D). Between‐informant discrepancies were captured by a perspective (P) and a context (C) component. The use of this MIC‐model will increase reliability and validity of measures of psychopathology and the four components each provide useful specific information. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method for moderation: measuring lifetime risk of alcohol‐attributable mortality as a basis for drinking guidelines
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Room Robin , Taylor Benjamin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to determine separately the lifetime risk of drinking alcohol for chronic disease and acute injury outcomes as a basis for setting general population drinking guidelines for Australia. Relative risk data for different levels of average consumption of alcohol were combined with age, sex, and disease‐specific risks of dying from an alcohol‐attributable chronic disease. For injury, combinations of the number of drinks per occasion and frequency of drinking occasions were combined to model lifetime risk of death for different drinking pattern scenarios. A lifetime risk of injury death of 1 in 100 is reached for consumption levels of about three drinks daily per week for women, and three drinks five times a week for men. For chronic disease death, lifetime risk increases by about 10% with each 10‐gram (one drink) increase in daily average alcohol consumption, although risks are higher for women than men, particularly at higher average consumption levels. Lifetime risks for injury and chronic disease combine to overall risk of alcohol‐attributable mortality. In terms of guidelines, if a lifetime risk standard of 1 in 100 is set, then the implications of the analysis presented here are that both men and women should not exceed a volume of two drinks a day for chronic disease mortality, and for occasional drinking three or four drinks seem tolerable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in cardiovascular risk factors in a type 1 diabetes population: a 3.5‐year study
Authors: Wallymahmed Me , Morgan C , Gill Gv , Osman‐hicks V , Chamberlain P , Macfarlane IA 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes attending a routine diabetic clinic, and to compare the data with those from a previous study (2003–2004).The clinic records of 218 patients with type 1 diabetes from the previous study were examined. The following were recorded: age, sex, duration of diabetes, insulin regimen, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, urine albumin–creatinine ratio, and the presence of micro‐ and macrovascular complications.Data were available from 184 (84.4%) of the original 218 patients— mean age 37.3 years (range 20–76 years), and duration of diabetes 18.4 years (4–42 years). Mean HbA1c, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein improved significantly between the two study periods (respectively: 9.6±1.9% vs 9.1±1.7%, p<0.01; 5.0±1.0mmol/L vs 4.4±1.1mmol/L, p<0.01; 2.8±0.8mmol/L vs 2.3±0.8mmol/L, p<0.01). However, systolic (113±19mmHg vs 122±17mmHg, p<0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (65±10mmHg vs 67±9mmHg, p<0.01) increased despite greater use of antihypertensives.It was concluded that attention to cardiovascular risk factors can result in improvements in HbA1c and lipid profile in a routine clinic. However, blood pressure levels increase and compliance with medication must be emphasised. A large proportion of patients with type 1 diabetes continue to have cardiovascular risk factors above current targets and additional strategies are required. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.