bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal Dialysis: A Tool in Veterinary Critical Care
Authors: Ann Dzyban Lisa , Labato Mary Anna , Ross Linda A. , Murtaugh Robert J. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryPeritoneal dialysis is an effective modality for the treatment of acute and chronic renal failute, specific intoxications, electrolyte abnormalities, and fluid overload. This review of peritoneal dialysis as it applies to the veterinary critical care setting includes: the indications and contraindications for dialysis; selection and placement of peritoneal catheters; description of the dialysis delivery technique; considerations for monitoring the dialysis patient and treatment of common complications of dialysis therapy. If appropriately applied, peritoneal dialysis is a viable treatment tool in veterinary critical care.
Potential Prognostic Indicators in Diffuse Peritonitis Treated with Open Peritoneal Drainage in the Canine Patient
Authors: Winkler Kevin P. , Greenfield Cathy L. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to identify prognostic indicators that may help to predict outcome in clinical cases of diffuse peritonitis treated with open peritoneal drainage. Medical records from 19 canine patients with generalized peritonitis treated with open peritoneal drainage between 1990 and 1996 were reviewed. The signalment, preoperative complete blood count (CBC), preoperative biochemical profiles, and number of days of open peritoneal drainage of surviving patients (n = 15) were compared to nonsurviving patients (n = 4). Significant differences were noted between the surviving and nonsurviving groups in the ALT (p = 0.02) and GGT (p = 0.01) values. Seventy‐nine percent of the patients in this study survived.
The Effect of Storage on Ammonia Concentration in Canine Packed Red Blood Cells.
Authors: Waddell Lori S. , Holt David E. , Hughes Dez , Giger Urs 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: To determine the effect of storage on ammonia concentration in canine packed red blood cell (pRBC) units.Design: In vitro and in vivo study.Setting: University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.Interventions: Ammonia concentration was measured in 7 units of canine pRBC prepared in citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) and Adsolaon Days 1 and 35 of storage. Ammonia was measured in 4 additional units of canine pRBC on Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Plasma ammonia was also determined in 5 anemic dogs receiving pRBC.Measurements and Main Results: Ammonia concentration increased from 73 ± 15 mmol/L (mean ± SD) on Day 1 to 800 ± 275 mmpl/L on Day (p<0.001). When measured every 7 days in 4 units of canine pRBC, ammonia concentration increased from 23 ± 8 mmol/L on Day 0 to 179 ± 13 mmol/L (Day 7), 276 ± 56 mmol/L (Day 14). 383 ± 47 mmol/L (Day21), 466 ± 30 mmol/L (Day 28), and 562 ± 27 mmol/L (Day 35) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). In a preliminary study, plasma ammonia concentration measured in blood samples from 5 anemic dogs without primary liver disease immediately before and after transfusion with 5–10 ml/kg of stored pRBC remained in the normal reference range.Conclusions: The ammonia concentration in stored canine pRBC increased markedly with time. In this preliminary study, ammonia concentrations in dogs without primary liver disease did not increase above the reference range after transfusion with pRBC.
Presumptive Intramural Gastric Hemorrhage Secondary to Rodenticide Intoxication in a Dog
Authors: Marks Steven L. , Gieger Tracy L. , Williams Jamie 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA dog being treated for demodicosis with ivermectin was presented for intermittent vomiting. The vomiting progressed to hematemesis and an underlying coagulopathy was diagnosed. The etiology of the coagulopathy was determined to be ingested brodifacoum. Ultrasound evaluation of the abdomen revealed thickened gastric wall that was suspected to be intramural hemorrhage. Most likely, the intramural hemorrhage and resulting thickening of the stomach wall led to the clinical signs and metabolic alkalosis. This case represents an typical presentation of hemorrhage secondary to rodenticide intoxication. (J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(1):27–31, 2001).
Ibuprofen Ingestion in Ferrets: 43 Cases January 1995–March 2000)
Authors: Richardson Jill A. , Balabuszko Rachel A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: To summarize typical clinical signs, characterize the anticipated course of action, and give treatment recommendations for ibuprofen ingestion in ferrets.Design: Retrospective studyPatients: Records of 43 cases of ibuprofen ingestion in ferrets that were reported between January 1996‐March 2000, to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC).Measurements and Main Results: Twenty‐seven (93.1%) ferrets that had ingested ibuprofen developed neurologic signs, such as depression, coma, ataxia, recumbency, tremors, and weakness. In addition, 16 cases (55.2%) had one or more GI effects including anorexia, vomiting, retching or gagging, diarrhea, and melena. Polydipsia, polyuria, dysuria, renal failure, weight loss, shallow breathing, metabolic acidosis, dehydration, and hypothermia were also reported. Death was reported in 4 cases. The lowest dose associated with death was 220 mg/kg.Conclusion: Data in this study indicate that clinical signs of ibuprofen toxicosis in ferrets are more severe than those expected at similar dosages in dogs. The reason for this difference is poorly understood since the pathophysiology of ibuprofen is relatively unknown in ferrets. The onset of clinical signs appeared to occurr soon after ingestion and the toxic effects in ferrets typically involve the CNS, GI and renal systems. Treatment for ibuprofen toxicosis in the ferret includes stabilization, gastrointestinal decontamination, fluid diuresis, GI protection, and supportive care.(J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(1):53–59)
Evaluation of Abdominal Fluid: Peripheral Blood Creatinine and Potassium Ratios for Diagnosis of Uroperitoneum in Dogs
Authors: Schmiedt Chad , Tobias Karen M , Otto Cynthia M 
Published: July 2007

Objective:
To determine the clinical efficacy of abdominal fluid to peripheral blood ratios of creatinine and potassium concentrations to diagnose uroperitoneum in dogs.
Design:
Records of 13 dogs with confirmed uroabdomen were retrospectively analyzed. Prospective evaluation of 8 dogs with nonrenal ascites provided data for a control population.
Setting:
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.
Animals:
Client owned dogs.
Interventions:
None
Measurements and Main Results:
Abdominal fluid potassium (mEq/L) and creatinine concentrations (mg/dl) were recorded. Peripheral blood potassium and creatinine concentrations were also recorded. Ratios were calculated based on these values. An abdominal fluid creatinine concentration to peripheral blood creatinine concentration ratio of > 2:1 was predictive of uroabdomen in dogs (specificity 100%, sensitivity 86%). An abdominal fluid potassium concentration to peripheral blood potassium concentration of > 1.4:1 is also predictive of uroabdomen in dogs (specificity 100%, sensitivity 100%). All dogs with uroabdomen had an abdominal fluid creatinine concentration that was at least 4 times normal peripheral blood levels.
Conclusion:
Abdominal fluid to peripheral blood potassium and creatinine ratios provide a means to diagnose uroperitoneum in dogs without elevated peripheral blood creatinine.
Successful Treatment of Pericarditis in a Pregnant Llama
Authors: Barr Bonnie S. , Seco Olga , Axon Jane , Sleeper Margaret M. , Baird A.N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:To describe the diagnosis and treatment of a pregnanat llama with perticardlts.Summary:A 2‐year‐old female llama presented for lethargy of several days' duration. Partinent physical examination findings included tachycardia. muffled heart sounds, tachpnea and lethargy. Electrocardiography revealed tachycardia, second‐degree AV block and electrical alternans. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of pericardial effusion and cardiac compromise. Thoracic sonogram revealed pleural effusion. Treatment included intravenous fluids, systemic antimicrobials, systemic anti‐inflammatories, thoracocentesis and eventual pericardiocentesis with daily drainage and lavage. No etiological agent was identified. The llama reponded well to therapy well to therapy and a 3.5‐month and 2‐year follow‐up revealed no cardiac problems.New information provided:This is the first case report of pericarditis in a llama with treatment and a favorable outcome.
Necrotizing Fasciitis in a Dog
Authors: Jenkins Christine M. , Winkler Kevin , Rudloff Elke , Kirby Rebecca 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:To alert emergency veterinarians of a life‐threatening soft tissue infection, necrotizing fasciitis (NF) that mimics non life‐threatening cellulitis. In this report, the rapid clinical progression, systemic effects produced by NF, and its successful treatment in a dog is described.Case Summary:A 2‐year‐old, male, castrated Doberman Pinscher was presented for lameness. Clinical and laboratory findings suggested sepsis. Rapid progression of the infection, as well as surgical and histopathological findings were characteristic for necrotizing fasciitis of a pelvic limb caused byβ‐hemolytic streptococcusinfection. Aggressive supportive care included intravascular fluid therapy, intravenous antibiotics, plasma transfusions, nutritional support, as well as repeated surgical debridement and drainage. Mid‐femoral limb amputation was required to halt the progression of the necrotizing fasciitis.New Information Provided:This is the first detailed description of successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis caused byβ‐Hemolytic streptococcusin the dog.
Complications of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate Therapy in Dachshunds with Surgically Treated Intervertebral Disc Disease
Authors: Boag Amanda K. , Otto Cynthia M. , Drobatz Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:To compare the incidence of clinically evident post‐operative complications, financial cost and length of hospital stay for Dachshunds with acute intervertebral disc disease treated with decompressive surgery with and without the use of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS).Design:Retrospective clinical studySetting:Veterinary Teaching HospitalAnimals:Dachshunds that presented to the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between January 1994 and December 1999 with acute intervertebral disc disease that were treated with decompressive surgery.Intervention:NoneMeasurements and Main Results:Dogs were divided into 2 groups dependent upon whether they had received MPSS. Medical records were examined for evidence of post‐operative complications. Other parameters recorded included details of drugs administered (principally corticosteroids and gastrointestinal protectant drugs), length and cost of hospital stay and neurological status at 24 hours post‐operatively and at suture removal. Compared to other corticosteroids, dogs receiving MPSS had a significantly higher incidence of clinically evident post‐operative gastrointestinal complications, an increased use of gastrointestinal protectant drugs, and an increased cost for hospital stay (p<0.01).Conclusions:The use of MPSS inDachshunds with acute intervertebral disc disease is associated with an increased post‐operative complication rate and an increased financial cost to the client. The use of MPSS should be carefully evaluated for each patient.
Atypical Reaction to Acetaminophen Intoxication in a Dog
Authors: Mariani Christopher L. , Fulton Robert B. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract Objective: To report an unusual manifestation of acetaminophen intoxication in a dog. Case Summary: A Miniature Pinscher was presented for evaluation of lethargy and facial swelling after ingestion of 500–750 mg/kg of acetaminophen. Laboratory testing revealed eccentrocytes, Heinz bodies, hemoglobinemia, and a declining packed red cell volume consistent with oxidative damage to the erythrocytes. Hepatocellular damage, as monitored by serum alanine aminotransferase, was not documented. The dog responded well to therapeutic intervention, and was discharged from the hospital. The dog returned to the hospital 2 days later with clinical signs and diagnostic tests consistent with acute keratoconjunctivitis sicca, which was assumed to be due to a toxic etiology. The dog responded well to therapy, regaining normal levels of tear production within six weeks. New or Unique Information Provided: Acetaminophen intoxication may be associated with severe erythrocytic oxidative damage in the absence of detectable hepatic injury in dogs. Acetaminophen intoxication may have the potential to cause acute keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. (J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(2): 123–126)
Polymerized Hemoglobin Therapy in a Foal with Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
Authors: Perkins Gillian A. , Divers Thomas J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:To present the successful management of a foal with severe neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) given polymerized (bovine) hemoglobin while awaiting appropriate red blood cells for transfusion.Case Summary:A foal with peracute neonatal isoerythrolysis, anemia and low venous oxygen tension was stabilized with intravenous polymerized hemoglobin. Polymerized hemoglobin treatment maintained the foal's oxygen requirement for up to 18 hours permitting adequate time for preparation of the donor's washed red blood cells for transfusion. The clinical findings and venous oxygen tension improved following the hemoglobin administration. No adverse effects were noted from the polymerized hemoglobin administration.Unique information provided:This paper presents a foal with an uncommon cause of NI due to anti‐Pa antibodies and the short term management of NI using polymerized hemoglobin while awaiting a washed and packed RBC transfusion. Clinical and laboratory findings (trigger factors), which can be used to determine the need for a blood transfusion, are discussed. These “trigger factors” include weakness, tachypnea and tachycardia, increased anion gap and decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and mixed venous (pulmonary artery) oxygen tension (approximated using jugular venous samples). (J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(2): 141–146)
Serial Estimation of Survival Prediction Indices Does Not Improve Outcome Prediction in Critically III Dogs with Naturally Occurring Disease
Authors: King Lasely G. , Fordyce Hilary , Maislin Greg 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:The objectives of this study were to test the value of adding serial measurements to the Survival Prediction Index (SPI 2), and to investigate whether time trajectories add predictive information beyond measurements at a single point in time.Design:Prospective clinical trial.Setting:Intensive care unit at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital.Animals:63 critically ill dogsInterventions:Physiologic data were collected within 24 hours of admission to the ICU (Day 1), and again on Day 3 of hospitalization.Measurements:The first analysis applied the SPI 2 equation on Day 1 and again on Day3. Then a prediction model was re‐estimated using Day 1 measurements, and the incremental predictive value of adding Day 1 to Day 3 change scores was evaluated. the third analysis tested the incremental predictive value of change scores in models containing only one prognostic variable. The final analysis compared the re‐estimated Day 1 model to an analogously re‐estimated Day 3 model.Main Results:Using the SPI 2 equation, the AUC was 7.7% higher using Day 3 measurements than that obtained using Day 1 measurements (P = 0.515). Starting with the re‐estimated Day 1 model (AUC = 0.925), forward stepwise addition of the difference score for each variable did not result in an improvement in the AUC. The AUC for the re‐estimated Day 1 model was not statistially different from that of the re‐estimated model using Day 3 measurements.Conculusion:This study shows no benefit to repeated calculation of the SPI 2 later in hospitalization.
Suggested Strategies for Ventilatory Management of Veterinary Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Mueller Erika R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:To review the current recommendations and guidelines for mechanical ventilation in humans and in animals with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Human data synthesis:Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in humans in defined as an acute onset of bilateral, diffuse infiltrates on thoracic radiographs that are not the result of heart disease and a significant oxygenation impairment. These patients require mechanical ventilation. Research has shown that further pulmonary damage can occur as a result of mechanical ventilation. Various alveolar recruitment maneuvers and a low tidal volume with increased positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) have been associated with an increased survival.Veterinary dat synthesis:Two veterinary reports have characterized ARDS in dogs using human criteria. There are no prospective veterinary studies using recruitment that ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI) occurs in dogs, sheep, and rats.Conclusion:Recruitment maneuvers in conjunction with low tidal volumes and PEEP keep the alveoli open for gas exchange and decrease VILI. Prospective veterinary research in needed to determine if these maneuvers and recommendation can be applied to veterinary patients.
The Treatment of Acute Glaucoma in Dogs and Cats
Authors: van der Woerdt Alexandra 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:Glaucoma is an optic nerve disease that may result in rapid loss of vision. Early detection of acute glaucoma and aggressive treatment is important to preserve vision. Continued treatment is indicated in chronic glaucoma to alleviate discomfort associated with chronic elevated intraocular pressure.Etiology:In primary glaucoma, an abnormal iridocorneal angle results in obstruction to outflow of aqueous humor. In secondary glaucoma, an otherwise normal iridocorneal angle is obstructed by abnormalities such as a luxated lens, neovascular membranes or inflammatory material.Diagnosis:The diagnosis is made by a combination of clinical signs such as corneal edema, mydriasis, decreased vision, episcleral hyperemia, and confirmed by measuring an elevation in intraocular pressure. Complete ophthalmic examination, knowledge of breed predisposition to various ocular diseases and gonioscopy will aid in distinguishing between primary and secondary glaucomaTherapy:Aggressive medical management is important in acute glaucoma. Surgical procedures are often indicated after initial emergency medical treatment of acute glaucoma. Chronic, painful blind eyes are best treated with one of various surgical procedures.Prognosis:The prognosis for maintaining vision or regaining temporarily lost vision in acute glaucoma is related to numerous factors including time between onset of clinical signs and appropriate treatment, etiology of the glaucoma, initial response to therapy and client compliance.
Acute Upper Airway Obstruction Due to Inflammatory Laryngeal Disease in 5 Cats
Authors: Costello Merilee F. , Keith Dennis , Hendrick Mattie , King Lesley 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:To describe a clinical syndrome of upper airway obstruction in 5 cats due to inflammatory laryngeal disease.Series Summary:Medical records of 5 cats with upper airway obstruction and a histopathologic diagnosis of inflammatory laryngeal disease were reviewed. Historical findings included: dyspnea, anorexia, voice change, and gagging/non‐productive retching. Thoracic radiographs revealed a bronchial pattern in 2 cats, with consolidation of the right middle lung lobe in one cats. Laryngeal examinations typically revealed severe swelling and erythema which could not be grossly distinguished from neoplasia. Histopathologic examination of laryngeal biopsies revealed neutrophilic (n=5) and lymphoplasmacytic (n=4) inflammation. All of the cats were treated with corticosteroids and 4 cats received antibiotics. Two cats died while hospitalized, one was discharged and lost to follow‐up, and 2 are doing well 7 months and 4 years later, respectively.New information provided:Inflammatory laryngeal disease in cats may present as an acute upper airway obstruction. These cases may respond to corticosteroids and antibiotics, and some cases may have an excellent long‐term prognosis.(J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(3): 205–211)
Anterior Esthetics Achieved With Orthodontic Therapy: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Miller Thomas E. 
Published: July 2007

The adult dental patient today, as a discerning consumer, is seeking the highest quality care in the realm of esthetic dentistry, and frequently these expectations can be met through the modalities of bonded composites, porcelain laminates, porcelain bonded to etched metal support structures or modified conventional crown and bridge prosthodontics.However, there are occasions where the individual tooth, teeth, or the arches are so aligned that the pulpal, gingival, or osseous tissues would be jeopardized by the conventional restorative intercession. The incorporation of accepted and routine procedures of acid etching and direct bonding of orthodontic appliances to the surfaces of the adult dentition to reposition malposed teeth offers the clinician a magnificent alternative or adjunct to the conventional dental material forms of treatment.This article will present several patient treatments that incorporated the use of acid etching and direct bonding of orthodontic appliances to the surfaces of the patient's teeth for the purposes of repositioning the teeth with or without the need for restorative interventions.
Optimization of Hybrid Composite Properties
Authors: Sub Byoung I. , Ferber Cindy , Baez Ramon 
Published: July 2007

Hybrid composites have been a popular class of a wear‐resistant posterior composite restorative material. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hybridization on the physical properties of a composite with different amounts of submicron silica (0.04 μrn) with semiporous strontium glass (1.4 μm ave. by number/5 μm ave. by volume) in a Bis‐GMA based resin system.As the submicron content increases, the total filler loading in the composite was increased. At the 25 percent submicron silica level, the filler loading was highest and the physical strength measurements were highest, except for DTS results, which were fairly steady throughout the 5‐40 percent level.
Emergency Dentures and Esthetics
Authors: Miller Thomas E. 
Published: July 2007

Accidents occur in life and when they affect the dentition, whether natural, artificial, or a combination, they can result in a feeling of dread and despair in the patient.The thought of appearing not only in public with business and social acquaintances, but also in private with family members can be reprehensible.This article discusses the use of visible light‐cured denture base materials that can be used to alleviate the fear these patients display in being exposed to socio‐esthetic intercourse when becoming suddenly partially edentate.The method of use and three patients' photographic essay presentations are discussed.
Microleakage of Seven Dentin Bonding Agents
Authors: Chan Kai Chiu , Denehy Gerald E. , Swift Edward J. 
Published: July 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of seven dentin bonding agents to reduce dye penetration at the margins of microfill composite restorations in dentinal cavities.Forty extracted molars were selected and cleaned. Cavity preparations were made in dentin with #55 carbide burs. The preparations were restored with Silux after application of one of the following dentin bonding agents: Gluma, Scotchbond 2, Tenure, Prisma Universal Bond 2, Mirage‐Bond, XR Bond, and All‐Bond. Samples were thermocycled for 200 cycles between 3°C and 60CC, then immersed in a 0.05 percent crystal violet solution for 2 hours. The samples were embedded in clear casting resin, sectioned, and examined with a light microscope.Our results indicated that the dentin bonding systems reduced, but failed to totally eliminate, microleakage around the composite resin restorations.