bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Certain broker‐dealers deemed not to be investment advisers: background, summary and status of new rule
Authors: Green Elizabeth C. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe aim of this article is to provide a description of the rule proposals and other events that preceded the SEC's adoption of the 2005 Final Rule, a summary of the terms of the 2005 Final Rule, and a brief update regarding the status of the 2005 Final Rule.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the SEC's 1999 proposed rule, “Certain Broker Dealers Deemed Not to Be Investment Advisers,” questions that led to that proposed rule, commentary on that proposed rule regarding advisory activities for which broker‐dealers receive special compensation, commentary regarding differences between the regulation of broker‐dealers and the regulation of investment advisers, commentary regarding investors' understanding of the differences between broker‐dealers and investment advisers, the five‐year period without a formal rule, the 2005 Proposed Rule, the 2005 Final Rule, and concerns that remain after issuance of the 2005 Final Rule.FindingsThe Chairman of the SEC directed the SEC staff to investigate and report within 90 days on ways in which the policy issues raised by the 2005 Final Rule could be addressed. In addition to the investigation of issues raised by the 2005 Final Rule by the SEC staff, and although the 2005 Final Rule was adopted, to some extent, in response to the lawsuit filed against the SEC by the Financial Planning Association (the “FPA”) in July 2004, the FPA filed a new lawsuit against the SEC on April 28, 2005.Originality/valueA useful summary of the background and remaining issues related to the SEC's 2005 Final Rule on application of the Adviser's Act to broker‐dealers offering certain non‐traditional brokerage programs.
Registered investment adviser compliance in a hedge fund environment
Authors: Scott David E. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore what the author believes to be some of the key challenges facing hedge fund managers that are preparing for registration with the Commission under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”).Design/methodology/approachDiscusses marketing issues, including promotional use of track records from predecessor firms, use of target returns, use of selected investment performance, explicit or implicit promises of low volatility, and promises of specific fund characteristics. Discusses protection and proper use of fund assets, including asset safeguarding policies and procedures, and allocating expenses to funds. Discusses managing material, non‐public information; valuation of fund assets; side letters; and compliance program requirements.FindingsThe impacts of the new requirements will be significant for many hedge fund managers. Unregistered hedge fund managers will soon become subject to the full scope of the Advisers Act, including detailed compliance program requirements, obligations, and restrictions with respect to marketing, affiliated transaction prohibitions and restrictions, custody requirements, books and records creation and retention obligations, and a broad array of other standard and situational requirements. The organizations that meet these challenges successfully will be those that understand their risk profiles, foster top‐down “cultures of compliance,” and dedicate sufficient human and other resources to develop appropriate compliance programs and to monitor and continuously evaluate their exposures to potential compliance issues.Originality/valueProvides a useful discussion of what the author believes to be some of the most important regulatory concerns and challenges faced by hedge fund advisers as they prepare for a new regulated environment.
The supplier and customer contribution to manufacturing flexibility
Authors: Kayis Berman , Kara Sami 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to present the formulation of relationships involving different manufacturing flexibility elements related to the total chain of acquisition, processing and distribution in order to assess the level of flexibility practiced by Australian manufacturing industries.Design/methodology/approachA range of published works and a detailed data gathered from a wide range of Australian manufacturing industry through questionnaires are evaluated to determine how customer‐supplier relationships could have an impact on manufacturing flexibility and enhance the total chain of manufacturing. The main analysis tool used is logistic regression. The knowledge and analysis obtained are linked to evaluate the level of each type of flexibility as well as the impact of customer‐supplier flexibility on the total chain of manufacturing. Finally, a performance assessment framework is developed to connect the interlinking factors and contribution regarding customer, supplier, and manufacturing flexibility of Australian industries.FindingsThe relationships and correlation of data displayed would enhance the available body of knowledge on the total chain of manufacturing. Consequently, the relationships found in this paper can be used to support the overall flexibility assessment of manufacturing industries. In the paper, the current flexibility practices of Australian industries are assessed and a framework is suggested based on several elements taken into consideration. As the different elements under flexibility have suggested, the manufacturing flexibility of Australian industries as affected by customer‐supplier participation is found as medium. Suggestions for pursuing improvements are recommended.Research limitations/implicationsThe main outcome of the research is to reveal that customer‐supplier relationship could significantly affect the flexibility level within the industries under different functional areas. As a result, to achieve the “real” flexibility of the system, flexibility has to be built into the total chain of acquisition‐processing‐distribution stages, not just focusing on the manufacturing aspects only. The flexibility framework developed in this paper would better assess the impact of customer‐supplier flexibility on the total chain of manufacturing and give more insights for analyzing the flexibility level of customers, suppliers, and manufacturers with data gathered across the globe.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper lies in its detailed analysis of the effect of supplier and customer contribution on manufacturing problems as well as developing a flexibility assessment framework to discuss its impact on the total chain of manufacturing. Its value to both body of knowledge and practitioners are emphasized in the paper.
Influence of flexibilities on manufacturing cells for faster delivery using simulation
Authors: Julie Yazici Hulya 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe effects of cellular manufacturing (CM) on increased delivery speed and resource utilization along with its interaction with volume, mix, routing, and labor flexibilities are not clear for manufacturers and supply chain managers. Aims to focus on this.Design/methodology/approachBased on real data from a US screen‐printing company, a simulation model is designed to determine the influence of volume, mix, routing and labor flexibilities in presence of volatile demand. Simulation of one and two cell configuration is compared with job shop to determine the shortest delivery and highest utilization.FindingsAs volume flexibility increases, delivery is faster in presence of CM compared to job shop. Furthermore, added routing flexibility results in 70 percent shorter lead time with low volume flexibility, and 85 percent shorter lead time with high volume flexibility. Additionally, in the two‐cell design, assignment of fewer, but more multi‐skilled workers shared between cells results in higher utilization and lower lead time.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the manufacturing research by revealing the benefits of CM, and the importance of volume, routing, and labor flexibilities reacting quickly to volatile demand in today's dispersed manufacturing environment. Also, this study demonstrates that labor allocation is equally important in manufacturing cells as the equipment and part decisions are.Originality/valueThe findings provide manufacturers a guideline on how to best set up CM and operational flexibilities to respond faster to volatile demand. The simulation model is successful in showing that cells and manufacturing flexibilities are strong enablers of faster delivery lead time and higher resource utilization.
Performance measurement in the public sector: the German experience
Authors: Greiling Dorothea 
Published: January 2007

PurposeIn recent public sector reforms performance measurement has been a central element in many countries. This article aims to review the use of performance measurement within the German public sector, to evaluate the state‐of‐the‐art and to give recommendations for improvement.Design/methodology/approachAfter a brief overview of the intended purposes of performance measurement within new public management, based on a literature review, this article examines the state‐of‐the‐art of performance measurement in the German public sector. An evaluation, based on the identified intended purposes, well‐known methodological problems and empirical findings, follows. Recommendations are given, identifying various areas for improvement.FindingsThe German public sector can be described as a late starter with respect to performance measurement. The full potential performance measurement may offer in the opinion of its supporters is not realised. The front runners of performance measurement are local governments. Voluntary inter‐administrative comparison circles are the most frequently used instrument, followed – to a much lesser extent – by quality‐management initiatives and performance‐indicator‐based contracting. The experience with and the acceptance of comparison circles have been mixed.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed into the transaction and opportunity costs of performance measurement and into the conditions under which the performance measurement can support an organisational learning process.Originality/valueThis paper provides a structured overview of the state‐of‐the‐art of performance measurement in the German public sector, taking all federal levels into account and offers ideas for the improvement of performance measurement.
Coping with targets: performance measurement in The Netherlands police
Authors: Hoogenboezem Jaap A. , Hoogenboezem Dirk B. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe article aims to understand why performance management schemes or targeting were introduced in the Dutch police organisation after 2002. This question is relevant for two reasons. First, Dutch political culture is traditionally not overly concerned with performance of public organisations, and second, police work seems especially averse to targeting.Design/methodology/approachThe article explores changes in Dutch politics, and especially the rise and agenda of Pim Fortuyn, a flamboyant politician who disrupted the traditional political relations in the Dutch polity, and who put government performance on top of the political agenda. Analysis of secondary sources is used to track the response of police management, and field work is used to investigate the reactions of street level police officers.FindingsThe introduction of targeting is directly attributable to changes in the polity. As such, they represent a pendulum swing that will move back, especially when the limitations of targeting will become clear, and when the political discourse has moved on to topics other than public accountability.Practical implicationsManagers of public organisations could learn from this case that political pressure can have far‐reaching consequences, which cannot always be ignored, and can lead to far‐reaching effects in the organisation, that may be counterproductive.Originality/valueThis article asks simple questions: Why are Dutch police forces using performance contracts involving targets negotiated between the department of home affairs, the mayor and the police chief? Why were they introduced from 2002 on? And will they be a lasting practice in the Dutch police?
The national identity as a motivational factor for better performance in the public sector
Authors: Karkatsoulis Panos , Michalopoulos Nikos , Moustakatou Vasso 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to concern itself with the research field of public sector performance measurement and to introduce the national identity as a performance factor, through a case study.Design/methodology/approachThe paper attempts an innovative presentation and identification of the attitudes, motivations and beliefs of both Greek people and the volunteers regarding the organisation, the success and the benefits of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. The paper reviews the literature on the relation of national identity and sports and analyses the opinion polls on the Athens 2004 Olympic Games.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that national identity has been the major motivational factor for the volunteers, whose contribution represented a significant added value to the success of the Olympics. The measurement of performance in such a qualitative analysis is supported by self‐reported customers' satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsIt is not a quantitative, structured and executed initial survey, but a secondary, qualitative one.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests the re‐definition of the usually negatively conceived notion of national identity, in a new managerial framework, as a performance factor.Originality/valueThis paper is original in its conception, when linking national identity/patriotism with sports and volunteerism in the context of performance measurement, and has a practical dimension, since it proposes tools for measuring performance in cases where a qualitative analysis is appropriate.
The Ritzerization of knowledge
Authors: Roberts Joanne 
Published: January 2007

PurposeExplores the use of strategies adopted by authors and publishers to enhance the success potential of their books.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the literature on the production of best selling business books, strategies and techniques increasingly being deployed in the production of social science texts are considered. These strategies are collectively referred to as the “Ritzerization of knowledge”.The Disneyization of Society, by Alan Bryman, is explored as an example of this Ritzerization strategy.FindingsIt is argued that while such techniques aid in the production of easy reading, or “knowledge‐lite”, the dictates of the market may threaten the survival of more demanding texts and, worryingly, the capacity for a scholarly depth of understanding or the development of a substantial knowledge base.Originality/valueExamines the “Ritzerization of knowledge” in both a social and a marketing context.
Globalisation, collective action and counter‐coordination
Authors: Grieco Margaret , Bhopal Mhinder 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis article aims to explore the use of new information communication technology by the Malaysian labour movement. New information communication technologies are undoubtedly globalising, but these same technologies can also be used by labour to retrieve and re‐achieve a more equitable balance between labour and capital. The low transaction costs of the new information communication technology, and the universal reach of these same technologies, provide the labour movement with a critical new tool for organising and bargaining. Malaysia provides us with a useful example of this new context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors e‐interviewed Malaysian labour activists and reviewed Malaysian labour and human rights web sites to develop a framework in which the discussion of global counter‐coordination by labour could be situated. This article provides case material from Malaysian web sites to demonstrate the importance of this technology in labour advocacy within Malaysia and in its connection with the outside world. These demonstrations of connectivity support the proposition of the paper that the new information technology affords the opportunity for the development of global union practices.FindingsThe article finds that the Malaysian labour movement is aware of the power of global relay that the technology provides it with and harnesses this power in its interaction with the state.Research limitations/implicationsThe level of electronic activity by the labour movement may be under‐recorded in this assessment, as the resources were not available to determine the volume of electronic mailing which takes place within the Malaysian labour relations environment.Practical implicationsThis article provides the international labour movement with a perspective of the new information communication technology, which can have practical consequences for action: meta‐coordination structures are required at the level of information exchange.Originality/valueThis article draws attention to the “power of global relay” as a new feature in the politics of labour. This insight requires further theorisation and should be of interest within a range of disciplines concerned with critical approaches to change and power.
Recovering experience, confirming identity, voicing resistance: The Braceros, the internet and counter‐coordination
Authors: Little Stephen , Clegg Stewart 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper investigates how the learning trajectory of corporations utilising information and communication technologies has been matched by the labour movement and social movements associated with it.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates new communication dynamics of labour in the international setting. It then focuses on a broader and richer set of online practices by labour by drawing on material placed on the world wide web by members of and advocates for the Braceros (the strong arms) – migrant Mexican workers. These practices follow on a history of effective use of the new information communication technologies by the Zapatista movement in Mexico.FindingsThe paper places these activities in the context of globalisation and the global movement of capital and labour. It argues that the practices of online communication associated with the Braceros can be harnessed to move beyond the reactive shadowing of capital by labour. Instead innovative and proactive forms of monitoring policies and critiquing outcomes become possible.Practical implicationsInternet‐based counter‐coordination allows the construction and diffusion of a different understanding of the nature and consequences of the current mode of globalisation.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates the ways in which information and communication technologies can be used to engage in thematic mapping and construction of memory by labour and provides an example of the electronic sampling and indexing of material.
The networked union? The internet as a challenge to trade union identity and roles
Authors: Martínez Lucio Miguel , Walker Steve 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe article aims to look at the development of the internet in terms of its implications for the labour movement and its international activities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper brings together conclusions and findings based on the previous work of the two individual authors who have studied the role of the internet from a national and international perspective, using a range of methodologies.FindingsThe impact of the internet in terms of facilitating communication and renewal strategies has been highly significant. However, the authors argue that such developments are also mediated by trade union structures and organisational traditions/ideologies at the national level where there is still a considerable degree of variety. It also looks and focuses on some of the challenges of international labour co‐ordination through the use of the internet, noting some of the difficulties faced by trade unionists. The paper therefore brings together insights into the way organisations such as trade unions interact with such developments both at the national and international level.Originality/valueThe article emphasises the need to develop a political and sociological understanding of the internet within industrial relations and in terms of future research.
Architectonics of McDonald's cohabitation with Wal‐Mart
Authors: Boje David , Enríquez Esther , González M. Teresa , Macías Eduardo 
Published: January 2007

PurposeArchitectonics is proposed as a dialogic theory and method to research three discursive spheres: McDonald's corporation, McDonaldization, and McDonaldland.Design/methodology/approachBakhtin proposed architectonics as a new method for the human sciences, one that interanimates cognitive with ethical and aesthetic systemness. This essay develops architectonics further, and applies it to the study of globalization and localization of the McDonald's and Wal‐Mart corporations, which now cohabits with each other in New Mexico (and elsewhere).FindingsA general inquiry system is suggested as a framework to analyze the architectonics of other organizations, in future international studies.Originality/valueThrough the application of the notion of architectonics to the McDonald's and Wal‐Mart corporations the authors develop an innovative approach to understanding organizations.
Comparison of debt financing between international and domestic firms
Authors: Gonenc Halit 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo investigate relative differences in debt financing between international and domestic industrial firms operating in Turkey, Germany and the UK.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis depends on multivariate regression analysis, while controlling the effects of firm‐specific characteristics, industry effects and controlling shareholders. The approach is to examine the effects of the features of the financial markets and institutions in the sample countries.FindingsTurkish international firms use higher total debts than domestic firms. However, no strong evidence is found for the sample of German and UK firms to support this result. The major finding is that, apart from the effects of firm‐specific factors, industry and controlling shareholders, Turkish international firms increase their debt financing at a fixed rate.Research limitations/implicationsThe basic features of Turkish financial markets and institutions, especially bank ownership of equity in firms, are the major reason for the differences between the results in the sample countries.Originality/valueThis paper provides an international comparison for the dissimilarity in debt financing between international and domestic firms.