bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐performance composite from epoxy and glass fibers: Morphology, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermal analysis
Authors: Hameed Nishar , Sreekumar P.A. , Valsaraj V.S. , Thomas Sabu 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDiglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A type epoxy resin cured with diamino diphenyl sulfone was used as the matrix for fiber‐reinforced composites to get improved mechanical and thermal properties for the resulting composites. E‐glass fiber was used for fiber reinforcement. The morphology, tensile, flexural, impact, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites were analyzed. The tensile, flexural, and impact properties showed dramatic improvement with the addition of glass fibers. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to obtain the Tg of the cured matrix as well as the composites. The improved thermal stability of the composites was clear from the thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron micrographs were taken to understand the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. The values of mechanical properties were compared with modified epoxy resin composite system. Predictive models were applied using various equations to compare the mechanical data obtained theoretically and experimentally. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
An investigation on the rheology, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with modified short glass fibers
Authors: Rezaeian I. , Jafari S.H. , Zahedi P. , Nouri S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis work was done with the aim to solve an important environmental issue regarding poly (ethylene terephthalate), (PET) wastes. Samples of recycled PET (r‐PET) were reinforced with 10 to 30 wt% modified short glass fibers (SGF) through a melt mixing process in an internal mixer and their performance were assessed and compared with those of commercial glass reinforced PET through investigation of their rheology, morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties. It was found that the mechanical properties of the glass reinforced r‐PET composites in most cases were comparable or even higher than those of the commercial grades. The impact strength of the 30 wt% SGF filled r‐PET composite was about 30% higher than the commercial grades. This led to a conclusion that the PET wastes can be successfully converted to easily moldable thermoplastic materials by incorporation of 30 wt% SGF having a good balance of properties. Through investigation of rheological and morphological properties the optimum conditions for the best reinforcement performance were determined. The r‐PET with 30 wt% glass fiber content showed the highest level of orientation and improved interaction with the r‐PET matrix while having an acceptable flow behavior and processability. In spite of significant fiber breakage during the melt mixing process, leading to about 20 times reduction in the fiber aspect ratio, the composites maintained their good mechanical properties and showed a shear thinning behavior at high shear rates. The incorporated glass fibers acted as nucleating agents and improved the crystallization rate of r‐PET leading to an overall increase in the crystallinity. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation, characterization, and properties of TiO2/PLA nanocomposites by in situ polymerization
Authors: Zhuang Wei , Liu Jing , Zhang Jian Hua , Hu Bai Xing , Shen Jian 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn situ polymerization method was used to prepare TiO2/polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites with different contents of TiO2 in this work. The size of the organically modified TiO2 particles was investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that nano‐TiO2 particles disperse in the PLA evenly when the content of TiO2 is low (less than 3 wt%). The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and tensile test were used to study the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites. Results show that both the thermal and mechanical properties are markedly improved when the content of TiO2 is 3 wt%. UV light irradiation and solution degradation experiment show that degradation of the composites is higher when the content of TiO2 increases and due to the introduction of TiO2 particles in the nanocomposites, the TiO2/PLA nanocomposites exhibit remarkable bacteriostasic activity. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials
Authors: Xiang Yao‐Zu , Shang Hong‐Cai , Gao Xiu‐Mei , Zhang Bo‐Li 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPanax ginsengC.A. Meyer is a well‐known medicinal herb native to China and Korea, and has been used as a herbal remedy in eastern Asia for thousands of years. However, there is different evidence of ginseng efficacy between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials. In TCM, ginseng is a highly valued herb and has been applied to a variety of pathological conditions and illnesses such as hypodynamia, anorexia, shortness of breath, palpitation, insomnia, impotence, hemorrhage and diabetes. Modern pharmacological experiments have proved that ginseng possesses multiple constituents (ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, polyacetylenic alcohols, etc.) and actions (central nervous system effects, neuroprotective effect, immunomodulation, anticancer, etc.), ginsenosides as the active ingredients, especially, having antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic and immunostimulant properties. Recently, ginseng has been studied in a number of randomized controlled trials investigating its effect mainly on physical and psychomotor performance, cognitive function, immunomodulation, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, as well as adverse effects. Equivocal results have been demonstrated for many of these indications. Because of the poor quality of most clinical trials on ginseng, reliable clinical data in humans are still lacking. Therefore, a broader understanding of medical knowledge and reasoning on ginseng is necessary. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Iranian herbal‐marine medicine, MS14, ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
Authors: Tafreshi Azita Parvaneh , Ahmadi Amrollah , Ghaffarpur Majid , Mostafavi Hossein , Rezaeizadeh Hossein , Minaie Bagher , Faghihzadeh Soghrat , Naseri Mohsen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which mainly affects young adults. To overcome wide spectrum troublesome symptoms of multiple sclerosis which affects the quality of life both in patients and their families, new drugs and remedies have been examined and offered. The preclinical beneficial effects of different medicines have mostly been examined in an animal model of multiple sclerosis called experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study we have tested a traditionally used natural (herbal‐marine) product called MS14 in EAE mice. EAE mice were fed with MS14 containing diet (30%) on the immunization day and monitored for 20 days. The results show that while clinical scores and therefore severity of the disease was progressive in normal‐fed EAE mice, the disease was slowed down in MS14‐fed EAE mice. Moreover, while there were moderate to severe neuropathological changes in normal fed mice, milder changes were seen in MS14 fed mice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antitumor activity of extracts and compounds from the rhizomes of Veratrum dahuricum
Authors: Tang Jian , Li Hui‐Liang , Shen Yun‐Heng , Jin Hui‐Zi , Yan Shi‐Kai , Liu Run‐Hui , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe antitumor activity of six extracts (ethanol extract, petroleum ether fraction, CHCl3 fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n‐butanol fraction and total alkaloids) from the rhizomes of Veratrum dahuricum, and six compounds (veratramine (1), jervine (2), germine (3), veramitaline (4), veratrosine (5) and cyclopamine (6)) from the ethanol extract were investigated in vitro. The 12 samples exhibited cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines A549, PANC‐1, SW1990 and NCI‐H249. Among these samples, CHCl3 fraction, the total alkaloids, compounds 1 and 6 showed higher inhibitory activity, compound 3 selectively exhibited significant cytotoxicity to SW1990 and NCI‐H249. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Cardioprotective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on diabetic cardiac insufficiency attributed to up‐regulation of the expression of intracellular calcium handling proteins of sarcoplasmic reticulum in rats
Authors: He Haibo , Liu Qiuju , Shi Mengqiong , Zeng Xiaowei , Yang Jun , Wu Limao , Li Lianda 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe following article from Phytotherapy Research, 'Comparison of Therapeutic Effects of Different Compositions of Muskone in the Treatment of Experimental Myocardial Infarct in Rats and Analgesia in Mice' by Li Y., Zhang J., Li L. published online on 27 August 2008 in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com), and in print in September 2008 (Volume 22, Issue no 9, pages 1219‐1223, DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2444) has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Elizabeth Williamson and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to overlap with the following articles: Ma K., Zhang J., Li Y., Zhang Y., Wu L., Li X., Pan L., Li L. Study on comparative pharmacology of series of Muskone. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 2006, 31 (16):1353‐1357 (in Chinese language)and Zhang J., Li Y., Li L. Effects of Series of Muskon on Apoptosis of Cardiac Muscle Cells and Apoptosis‐related Gene Expression in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2008, 30 (10): 1528‐1530 (in the chinese language). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extract of black tea (pu‐ehr) inhibits postprandial rise in serum cholesterol in mice, and with long term use reduces serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels and renal fat weight in rats
Authors: Fujita Hiroyuki , Yamagami Tomohide 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA water‐soluble extract of a traditional Chinese fermented black tea, pu‐ehr, decomposes bile acid cholesterol micelles. This black tea extract (BTE) was studied to see if it could decrease the postprandial elevation of blood cholesterol levels after a single administration in ddY mice. It was found that BTE (0.3 g/kg) significantly decreased the postprandial rise in blood cholesterol levels after oral administration of cholesterol (130 mg/kg). A non‐fermented tea (i.e. green tea) extract did not prevent the postprandial increase in blood cholesterol. In a subsequent study, 5‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were fed BTE for 3 weeks, following which a dose‐dependent and significant decrease in serum total cholesterol levels (1.36 mmol/L, 0.1% BTE,p< 0.05) was found and also in renal fat weight (0.3% BTE,p< 0.05). LDL cholesterol levels (0.51 mmol/L, 0.1% BTE,p< 0.05) were also significantly decreased. There were no significant changes in the weights of other organs or in the serum levels of other clinical markers. Thus, BTE has a specific antihypercholesterol effect in rodents, which might potentially aid in the management of hyperlipidaemia in man. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chain length effects on nonlinear excitation transitions in trans‐polyacetylene
Authors: de Oliveira Neto Pedro Henrique , da Cunha Wiliam Ferreira , Gargano Ricardo , e Silva Geraldo Magela 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe investigate the nonlinear excitation transitions in a trans‐polyacetylene chain. The Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model was used. The chain length was successively changed so that this modification effects could be explored. The system is composed of a polyacetylene chain initially with a charged polaron. An electron ionization is then simulated and the formation of a couple of solitons took place. It was observed that the chain length influences the spectra, raising concerns about the proper chain length to simulate very long chains. Different boundary conditions were also investigated, and as a result we found that steady chain edges are more appropriate to model long chains, when transitions take place. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Time‐dependent DFT‐PCM investigation of the photophysics of ESIPT‐exhibiting benzazole dyes
Authors: Iglesias Rodrigo Sebastian , Campo Leandra Franciscato , Rodembusch Fabiano Severo , Stefani Valter 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe electronic spectra (absorption and fluorescence) of a series of benzazole dyes substituted with a diallylamino group have been investigated employing the time‐dependent density functional formalism (TDDFT) including solvent effects by coupling with a continuum solvation model (PCM). UV‐Vis and steady‐state fluorescence in solution were applied in order to characterize its photophysical behavior. The benzazoles are fluorescent in the blue‐red region under UV radiation and presented the largest Stokes shift reported until now for this class of compounds (180–214 nm). The calculated values are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Nanostructures in silicon investigated by atomic force microscopy and surface photovoltage spectroscopy
Authors: Cavallini A. , Cavalcoli D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSurface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) have been used for the characterization of nanocrystalline hydrogenated Si (nc‐Si:H). This is a promising material both for silicon‐based opto‐electronics as well as for photovoltaic applications. Notwithstanding its interesting properties many issues regarding the material electronic and optical properties are not completely understood. The present contribution reports microscopic and spectroscopic analyses of nc‐Si:H films grown for photovoltaic applications by low‐energy plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Electronic levels associated with defect states were investigated by SPS, whereas the conduction mechanism at a microscopic level was investigated by C‐AFM. SCANNING 30: 358–363, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antenatal diagnosis of anophthalmia by three‐dimensional ultrasound: a novel application of the reverse face view
Authors: Wong H. S. , Parker S. , Tait J. , Pringle K. C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe prenatal diagnosis of anophthalmia can be made on the demonstration of absent eye globe and lens on the affected side(s) on two‐dimensional ultrasound examination, but when the fetal head position is unfavorable three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound may reveal additional diagnostic sonographic features, including sunken eyelids and small or hypoplastic orbit on the affected side(s). We present two cases of isolated anophthalmia diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound examination in which 3D ultrasound provided additional diagnostic information. The reverse face view provides valuable information about the orbits and the eyeballs for prenatal diagnosis and assessment of anophthalmia. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In praise of arrays
Authors: Ying Lihua , Sarwal Minnie 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMicroarray technologies have both fascinated and frustrated the transplant community since their introduction roughly a decade ago. Fascination arose from the possibility offered by the technology to gain a profound insight into the cellular response to immunogenic injury and the potential that this genomic signature would be indicative of the biological mechanism by which that stress was induced. Frustrations have arisen primarily from technical factors such as data variance, the requirement for the application of advanced statistical and mathematical analyses, and difficulties associated with actually recognizing signature gene-expression patterns and discerning mechanisms. To aid the understanding of this powerful tool, its versatility, and how it is dramatically changing the molecular approach to biomedical and clinical research, this teaching review describes the technology and its applications, as well as the limitations and evolution of microarrays, in the field of organ transplantation. Finally, it calls upon the attention of the transplant community to integrate into multidisciplinary teams, to take advantage of this technology and its expanding applications in unraveling the complex injury circuits that currently limit transplant survival.
Organic Additives and Electrolytes as Cloud Point Modifiers in Octylphenol Ethoxylate Solutions
Authors: Mahajan Rakesh Kumar , Vohra Kulwinder Kumar , Kaur Navjot , Aswal Vinod Kumar 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCloud point measurements of nonionic surfactant Triton X‐100, an octylphenol ethoxylate, were carried out in the absence and presence of various organic additives such as n‐alkanols (methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol), glycols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol), glycol ethers (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGMBE)) and electrolytes (LiCl, KCl, NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, MgCl2 and AlCl3). The combined effect of these organic additives and electrolytes on cloud point (CP) measurement was also investigated. The effect of nature of cation, anion and valency of cation on CP is also reported. Among the n‐alkanols and glycol ethers as additives, n‐butanol and EGMBE were found to decrease the CP while all other additives increase the cloud point. The addition of electrolytes (LiCl, NaCl and KCl) to the solution of Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) decreases the CP but the rate of decrease in CP with concentration does not follow the lyotropic series of effect. Sodium halides (except NaI) also decrease the CP and the rate of decrease follows the lyotropic series of effect even in the presence of organic additives. NaI is a water structure breaker, hence it increases the cloud point. Further, cations of increasing valency lessen the depression in CP of TX‐100 with the rate of decrease in CP following the order Na+ > Mg2+ > Al3+ even in the presence of organic additives.
Enhancing effects of diethyldithiocarbamate on increase of sodium channel by sulfur dioxide derivatives in ventricular myocytes
Authors: Wei Haiying , Meng Ziqiang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe enhancing effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) on increase of sodium channel by sulfur dioxide derivatives in ventricular myocytes were studied using the whole cell patch‐clamp technique to probe the mechanism of SO2on the cardiovascular system in this study. Firstly, the effects of DDC and/or sulfur dioxide (SO2) derivatives on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied. The results showed that DDC decreased SOD activities significantly and SO2derivatives had no significant effect on SOD activities; however, DDC and SO2derivatives combined led to a significant decrease of SOD activities. In the electrophysiological test, DDC (1–100 mM) increased sodium current (INa) in a concentration‐dependent manner and the concentration for half‐maximum increase (EC50) was 20 mM. Addition of 20 mM DDC to the SO2derivatives‐containing medium significantly shifted the voltage‐dependent activation curve ofINatoward the hyperpolarizing direction (Vhare −51 mV, −53 mV and −54 mV, respectively) and shifted the steady‐state inactivation curve to more positive potentials (Vhare −74 mV, −71 mV and −65 mV, respectively) compared with the control and 10 μM SO2derivatives exposure. These results indicated that DDC could enhance the increasing effects on Na+channels induced by SO2derivatives, and suggested that the toxicity of SO2on ventricular myocytes of rats was realized by free radical, especially O2−.
Usefulness of extraperitoneal laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy for lymph node recurrence in gynecologic malignancy
Authors: GIL‐MORENO ANTONIO , FRANCO‐CAMPS SILVIA , DÍAZ‐FEIJOO BERTA , PÉREZ‐BENAVENTE ASUMPCIÓ , MARTÍNEZ‐PALONES JOSÉ M. , DEL CAMPO JOSÉ M. , PARERA MARTA , VERGÉS RAMONA , CASTELLVÍ JOSEP , XERCAVINS JORDI 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of extraperitoneal laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy for suspected lymph node recurrence of gynecological cancers. Design. Descriptive study. Setting. Unit of Gynecologic Oncology of an acute‐care teaching hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Population. Between December 2002 and October 2007, eight women underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy for suspected lymph node recurrence, detected by magnetic resonance image (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scan or 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. The suspicious nodes were removed through an extraperitoneal laparoscopic approach. Resuts. The median age of patients was 66.5 years (range: 54–74). The median operating time was 157.5 minutes (range: 120–240). The median blood loss was 112.5 mL (range: 50–150). The mean nodal yield was 9.4±4.72 (range: 1–16). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The median hospital stay was two days. Histological examination revealed metastasis in seven of eight patients. Conclusions. The extraperitoneal laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy for lymph node recurrence of gynecological cancers is a safe and feasible procedure which should be considered where there is isolated involvement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes. This procedure is a minimally invasive technique that allows an excellent approach to the paraaortic lymph nodes.
Female genital mutilation among antenatal care and contraceptive advice attendees in Sweden
Authors: LITORP HELENA , FRANCK MARTINA , ALMROTH LARS 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective. To explore knowledge of, attitudes toward and practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) among women originally from countries where FGM is customary attending antenatal care and contraceptive advice in Sweden. Methods. Women in reproductive age living in Sweden who originate from countries where FGM is practiced coming for antenatal care or contraceptive advice at two maternity welfare centers in Stockholm were asked to participate. Interview administered questionnaires and gynecological examination were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results. Out of 49 women asked, 40 women agreed to participate, of whom 37 had undergone FGM. Most FGM operations had been performed by doctors or midwives. Half of the Muslim women said FGM was allowed by their religion. All women reporting to have undergone ‘sunna’, an allegedly mild form, had extensive damage to their genitals. At gynecological examination three cases of reinfibulation were detected, of which two had been performed after delivery in Sweden. Twenty‐nine women had daughters and three had let their daughters undergo FGM, all of them before settling in Sweden. Problems related to delivery and sexual intercourse were the most commonly mentioned complications of FGM. Conclusions. The reliability of the self‐reported form of FGM is low, which may have implications for research, interventions and health care. Although many women express negative attitudes toward FGM and know about serious complications, the religious justifications, the practice of FGM on daughters, reinfibulation on adults and medicalization of the practice indicate attitudes that favor of the continued practice of FGM.