bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest Management, Engineering, and Operations
Authors: Kolka Randy , Powers Matt , Bradford John , Palik Brian , Jurgensen Marty , Abbas Dalia , Gallagher Tom , Ambagis Stephen , Antony Finto , Jordan Lewis , Daniels Richard , Schimleck Laurie , Botard Shane , Aguilar Francisco , Dwyer John , Stelzer Hank , Ek Alan , Hoganson Howard , D'Amato Anthony , David Andrew , Kilgore Michael , Wu Jinzhuo , Wang Jingxin , McNeel Joseph , Ice George , Light Jeff , Hale V. Cody , Garland Tina , McDonnell Jeffrey , Mount John R. , Cuff Francis (Frank) , Stumpf Kenneth , Rogers Travis , Schilling Erik , Ice George , Salwasser Janine , Zegre Nicolas , Kellogg Loren , Aguilar Francisco , Goerndt Michael , Miles Patrick , Shifley Stephen , Song Nianfu , Stelzer Hank , Goerndt Michael , Aguilar Francisco , Shifley Stephen , Song Nianfu , Bakker Jonathan , Petrova Maria , Ceder Kevin , Turnblom Eric , Naka Kozma , Naka Kozma , Sivanpillai Ramesh , Dicus Christopher , Large Jonathan , Isbell Clint , Weise David , Keefe Robert , Davis Anthony S. , Parajuli Rajan , Chang Sun , Roise Joseph , Hopkins Chris , Duncan Doug 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
9Forests represent a major global C sink, and forest management strategies that maximize carbon storage offer one avenue for mitigating increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Our understanding of relationships between forest management, productivity, carbon storage, and stand age, however, is limited. We established research plots in a chronosequence of thinned and unmanaged red pine stands in northern Minnesota to study patterns of carbon storage, and the major fluxes that influence carbon sequestration. We completed an inventory of all major C pools across a chronosequence of 57 red pine stands ages 9-306 years on the Chippewa National Forest in the fall of 2009. Results indicate total ecosystem C pools increase as red pine stands age for at least 150 years, and on-site C storage in thinned stands appears similar to unmanaged stands of comparable ages, despite different age-related trends in the live tree and forest floor pools. Thinned stands may have the potential to store more C than unmanaged stands in old age when C removed during harvesting is added into the total ecosystem C pool.
Human Dimensions
Authors: Tjaden Bob , Jo Daniel Marissa , Aguilar Francisco , Stelzer Hank , Gallaher Timothy , Kushla John , Henderson James , Londo Andrew , Kreye Melissa , Adams Damian , Borisova Tatiana , Escobedo Francisco , de Hoop Cornelis , Gerald Ann , Kaller Michael , Shupe Todd , Pickett Elizabeth , Lenentine Miku , Fischer Paige , Else Page , Berner Logan , McKee Mikailah , Rutenbeck Nathan , Bokach Matthew , Fischer Lisa , Lydick Julie , Lilieholm Rob , Sader Steve , Boone Randy , Reid Robin , Said Mohammed , Worden Jeff , Kifugo Shem , Nkedianye David , Stabach Jared , Daigle John , Moskell Christine , Allred Shorna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
12The University of MD Extension (UME) has been very effective in teaching forest landowners concepts and principles of forest management through seminars, workshops and field days. After evaluating these techniques and recognizing people learn differently, new delivery methods were developed. UME developed a landowner based forestry correspondence course in two formats, first a traditional paper then a web based version. These were developed to support the range of ages, learning styles, high-speed internet availability and computer knowledge. Both versions lead the learner through the components of a forest stewardship plan. Upon course completion, the student has the framework of a forest stewardship plan in a format acceptable for State Forester approval. This has helped the State Forester meet forest stewardship plan goals during a significant decline of personnel who normally assist forest landowners. The courses have also helped forest landowners meet the NRCS requirements of having a plan in order to qualify for certain federal cost share programs. We are constantly adapting the courses based on course evaluations, new issues and programs, and innovative forest management techniques. Evaluations are performed upon the completion of the course to assist in measuring overall course effectiveness, student success, plan objectives and any enhancements necessary to improve the course. There is also a follow-up evaluation performed five years after completion to evaluate plan implementation, behavioral changes, knowledge maintained, acres impacted, financial impacts, and direct contacts of the students. Data from all evaluations will be presented in the poster as well as lesson learned.
Recreation and Ecotourism / Certification and Ecosystem Services
Authors: LaBau Vernon J. , Holland Kyle , Caldwell Ben , Salls Wilson 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
369This study began in 1997 as a recreational activity, growing into a more structured study in 2002, and it continuing until February of 2011. During those 15 years, data were collected over 342 days. More than 8,500 ocean sightings of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) were recorded. Those included counting 5,700 turtle heads, along with an additional 2,600 sightings of flippers and bodies (including silhouettes in waves). Until recently, the green sea turtle has been considered endangered, but it is currently making a comeback. The results of this study should be helpful in scientifically monitor the green sea turtle populations and also should be useful in helping recreationists choose conditions best for viewing the green sea turtle. An analysis of various oceanographic factors that seemed to relate to sightings of the green sea turtle included tide height, wave height, amount of sunlight, and clarity of water. Presentations of graphics for each of those four factors indicate important trends in sightings.
How Prescribed Burning Affects Wildfire Occurrence
Authors: Davis Lawrence S. , Cooper Robert W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 1959, an attempt was made to evaluate the effectiveness of prescribed fires in reducing the number, size, and intensity of wildfires in north Florida and south Georgia. Data were collected from 380 fires on 954,000 acres for a 4-year period, 1955 to 1958, a span that included twobad fire years and two relatively easy fire years. Although a higher wildfire occurrence rate was indicated for the roughs three years and older, the differences were not very great. On the other hand, the differences in burn acreage, particularly between the youngest and oldest roughs, wereextreme. Annual burn percents ranged from 0.03 percent in the 0-year-old roughs to 0.14 percent in the 5-year-old roughs. Hazard reduction fire prescriptions, therefore, are profitable investments for forest landowners in the Southeast if roughs are kept below the 5-year level.
Wood Products Consumers, Producers, and National Forest Timber Flow Policy
Authors: Adams Darius M. , Haynes Richard W. , Darr David R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cost-benefit analyses of alternative timber-flow policies on the national forests should be expanded to include broader definitions of costs and benefits and to explicitly consider the distribution of policy impacts across groups and geographic regions. A minimal set of incident groups would include product consumers, timber professors, stumpage producers, and governmental agencies. Estimation of costs and benefits is illustrated for an increase of 2.4 billion board feet in national forest harvest.
Unmodified Forest Property Tax - Is It Fair?
Authors: Klemperer W. David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Past theoretical arguments against unmodified forest property taxes have reinforced their historical unpopularity. Recent literature suggests that at any given tax rate, average property taxes as a percent of accrued annual income would not necessarily be any higher on forests than on other types of property. Nevertheless, it is still possible to show that, under certain conditions, unmodified property taxes may be more discouraging to forestry than to other land uses. Arguments about impacts hinge on the degree to which such taxes are shifted forward into higher wood prices or back into lower land values.
Forest Structure, Composition, and Vigor in Housing Developments
Authors: Grinten Martin van der , Wilson Brayton F. , Fischer Burnell C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In five housing developments near Amherst, Massachusetts, 32 to 77 percent of the basal area of the forest originally on the site had been removed 5 to 10 years previously. Small trees had been cut and large trees saved, regardless of species. Developments tended to produce an even-aged stand of large trees with reduced vigor.
Economic Efficiency and the National Forest Management Act of 1976
Authors: Walker John L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Forest Service historically has rejected economic criteria for forest management decisions. Consequently, management of the national forests must be heavily subsidized even though these lands contain more than half the softwood sawtimber in the country. The National Forest Management Act of 1976 specifically requires that economic as well as environmental criteria be considered in developing balanced programs. The administrative discretion permitted by the act allows most provisions to be interpreted much more consistently with economic efficiency than is permitted by current Forest Service policies and procedures.
Rural Community Fire Protection Program: Two Years of Accomplishment
Authors: Harrison H. Ames 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Rural Community Fire Protection Program (RCFP) is a national pilot program funded through the U.S. Forest Service for three years at 3.5 million dollars annually. State foresters are program administrators. During the first two years of operation, rural fire companies and communities from all 50 states raised 9 million dollars in matching funds to upgrade equipment, organize companies and provide training.
Transplanting Sapling-Size Trees for Campground Development
Authors: Shilling Charles L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Analysis of 617 trees representing 29 species showed that establishing shade on an eastern Kentucky campground by transplanting trees 1 to 4 inches d.b.h. and 15 to 25 feet in height was successful (overall survival 92 percent) and relatively inexpensive ($9.57 per tree). The 11 best performing species have been previously ranked tolerant to recreational use. Optimal size for transplanting was 1.5 inches d.b.h. and 16 feet in height.
Goal Programing in Forest Management
Authors: Schuler Albert T. , Webster H. H. , Meadows J. C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Managing resources for multiple use requires complex decisions that involve many diverse goals. Goal programing provides a way of analyzing such decisions and evaluating tradeoffs. The method was used in a pilot study to prepare a management plan for a 10,000-acre area on a national forest. It proved valuable both in maximizing the attainment of diverse goals and in showing that one goal was unrealistic.
BWCA Visitor Distribution System
Authors: Hulbert James H. , Higgins Joseph F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To prevent resource deterioration and ensure opportunities for wilderness experience, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area initiated a system of limiting the number of permits issued for each entry point. The entry quotas were determined from the carrying capacity of the canoe routes. The system worked successfully in 1976, its first year of operation.
Stocking Percent and Seedlings Per Acre in Naturally Established Longleaf Pine
Authors: Boyer William D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A relationship between milacre stocking and number of longleaf pine seedlings (Pinus palustris Mill.) per acre was derived from observations of 128 populations naturally established under a wide range of site conditions. The nonlinear regression obtained from the data was Y = 100 [1-(0.561)X], in which Y is the percentage of milacres stocked and X the average number of seedlings per milacre plot (seedlings per acre in thousands). This regression accounted for 85 percent of the observed variation in milacre stocking. The coefficient decreased when sample plot size was reduced to 0.5 and 0.25 milacre.
Pest-Control Decisions by Decision-Tree Analysis
Authors: Talerico Robert L. , Newton Carlton M. , Valentine Harry T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pest-control decisions are often made under conditions of uncertainty and without consideration of all the alternatives. A decision-tree approach makes it possible to determine the best alternatives without resolving the uncertainty. The method can be used to decide which of various gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.)., control alternatives has the lowest expected cost.
Land and Resource Classification -- Who Cares?
Authors: Nelson DeVon , Harris Grant A. , Hamilton Thomas E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Increasingly complicated planning requirements have brought about a renewed interest in land and resource classification. While classification for a single purpose may be relatively easy, providing a system which is suited for several purposes is a complex undertaking. Before we can effectively address the dilemma of unifying classification systems, we must improve understanding of what is involved and provide for effective communication. Foresters, because of their multiple-use management responsibilities on wildlands, are in a strong position to take the lead in developing common approaches to the classification problem.
Land Classification--Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Hirsch Allan , Cushwa Charles T. , Flach Klaus W. , Frayer W. E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Land classification systems provide means of aggregating large amounts of information, and of extrapolating research results and management experience among units with similar properties. The dilemma for the future is that while land classification is becoming more complex and there is urgent need for coordination, no single approach can serve all purposes. Recommendations for future directions include continued research to develop applicable systems, emphasis on hierarchical approaches and use of natural biosphere components as a basic underpinning, development of new ways to use a number of systems simultaneously, and continued emphasis on communication mechanisms.
World Forestry: Forestry in Brazil: An Awakening Giant
Authors: Rudolph Victor J. , Simoes Joao W. , James Lee M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Brazil has cleared much of its natural forest except in the Amazon Basin, but it has partially compensated by establishing large plantations of conifers and fast-growing eucalypts. To ensure adequate future timber for both domestic use and planned export, it must develop the Amazon forest further and establish additional plantations mainly in the central and eastern regions. The government seems to be moving in these directions, and is establishing forest research program and improving the nation's forestry schools.
Will There Be Enough Timber?
Authors: Clawson Marion 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Notwithstanding many previous predictions of scarcity, the Unites States has about as much standing timer now as at the turn of the century. In the past two decades annual growth has been increasing in all major regions and for most major ownership classes. Continued increases can be expected. Prices will continue to rise, but probably not more steeply than in the past. Private owners are likely to expand their production if prices and markets are favorable.
Forest Survey and the Nonindustrial Private Ownerships
Authors: Tarrant Robert F. , Ewing Robert A. , Gedney Donald R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There is need for improving the stratification of forestland through assessment of the socioeconomic circumstances affecting timber production on nonindustrial ownerships. Past research has had difficulty relating the various socioeconomic factors affecting owners to what occurs on the ground.
Student Responses to Selected Terms and Scenes in Natural Resource Management
Authors: Yeiser Jimmie L. , Shilling Charles L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Galvanic skin response was used to measure the intensity of emotion among three groups of college students viewing photographic slides of terms and scenes associated with natural resources. Three observations were made: (1) people with no knowledge of professional terminology responded to the connotation of the term; (2) the greater the number of reasons given for motivating a response, the less intense the response; and (3) the longer the time perspective under consideration, the less intense the response.
Mensuration Research for Improved Management of New Zealand's Exotic Forests
Authors: Burkhart Harold E. , Beekhuis J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Because of the value of wood from exotic forests in New Zealand and the intensity with which these forests are managed, it is essential that highly sophisticated mensurational systems be available. The New Zealand Forest Service is carrying out a concerted effort to synthesize existing mensurational knowledge, to develop new methods where gaps exist, and to make comprehensive systems readily available to forest managers.
The Marginal Lands Provision
Authors: Hyde William F. , Le Master Dennis C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Identifying national forestlands unsuited for timber production is a yet-to-be-completed task of implementing the National Forest Management Act. As a general criterion for decision-making, the authors propose maximization of net public benefits. These are direct benefit from timber production net of direct costs and equal to or greater than the opportunity costs incurred in creating the benefits. This criterion can be extended to take into account contending multiple-use values, lands that have commercially valuable timber on them but are marginal in terms of site capabilities for growing new crops, and situations where marginal and productive lands are intermingled.
Gypsy Moth Defoliation: Impact in Rhode Island Forests
Authors: Brown James H. , Halliwell David B. , Gould Walter P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Heavy infestations of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in Rhode Island forests caused greatest defoliation and mortality in oaks, with white oak (Quercus alba L.) most affected. In mixed oak stands, where mortality was greatest, loss for the period 1972 to 1975 was 17.4 percent of the basal area present in 1972, or roughly double the loss in a nondefoliated control area. Defoliation reduced radial growth of oaks 32 percent in mixed oak and oak-pine stands, and 40 percent in a mixed hardwood stand.
Pitch X Loblolly Pine Hybrids: Loblollies for the North?
Authors: Little Silas , Trew I. Frederick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
From controlled pollinations in a New Lisbon, New Jersey, orchard of selected pitch (Pinus rigida) and loblolly (P. taeda) pines, 29 test plantings have been made in nine states. Results indicate that well-formed, rapid-growing, winter-hardy trees can be produced by careful selection of parents and screening of hybrids. Steps are being taken to provide material for mass plantings.
Fire Management Policy in the National Forests--A New Era
Authors: Nelson Thomas C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The policy for dealing with fires on National Forest System lands was changed in 1977, in essence from control to management. The change was based on the knowledge and understanding that fire can result in a positive effect on wildland resources. Land managers were directed to provide well-planned fire protection and fire use programs that, in execution, would be cost-effective and responsive to land- and resource-management goals and objectives. After one year of implementation, the net effects of the new policy appear to be positive in terms of both economic and resource values.
Wilderness Knowledge and Values of the Illinois Public
Authors: Young Robert A. , Crandall Rick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The wilderness opinions and experiences of 503 members of the Illinois general public indicated that about 6 percent had recently visited a wilderness area but only about 1.5 percent made annual visits. Even though their knowledge of wilderness was relatively low, the public generally approved of wilderness. Users knew more about it and approved of the concept in greater proportion than the general public. The majority of both sampled groups approved of the present use pattern in wilderness with the exception of hunting. Both groups also believed cutover lands could be used as wilderness.
Progressive Tree Improvement Program in Coastal Douglas-fir
Authors: Silen Roy R. , Wheat Joseph G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Since it began in 1966, the "progressive" system of tree improvement has been applied on 18 million acres of the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) region. It departs markedly from earlier practice, needing no grafted seed orchard. Its flexibility, low cost, minimal needs for skilled personnel, and large genetic base attracted landowners who were reluctant to invest in grafted orchards, which were then beset with many problems. The early adoption of a second phase, involving crossing of all parent trees and establishment of seedling seed orchards, has accelerated the region toward widespread use of second-generation seed about 15 years earlier than originally anticipated.
Inflation and Present Value of Timber Income after Taxes
Authors: Klemperer W. David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Where a guiding rate of interest fluctuates with the inflation rate but remains constant in real terms, present values of future timber income after property taxes or yield taxes tend to be independent of inflation. After capital gains taxes, however, present values decline with increases in the projected inflation rate. The decline becomes less significant with lengthening payoff periods.
People and Their Behavior: A Challenge for Recreation Management
Authors: Peterson George L. , Lime David W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Management of people in forest recreation areas should be based on analyses of the behavioral systems that may be producing undesirable effects, on careful consideration of managerial objectives, and on close examination of the possible courses of action. Incomplete problem analysis may have undesirable consequences. Methods for changing the behavior of recreationists include regulation, licensing, manipulation of fees, site design, delivery of services, and information of fees, site design, delivery of services, and information and training. When seeking to modify behavior, it is important to consider the directness of intervention in free choice and the resultant effect on quality of the recreational experience.
Cost Allocation in Efficient Multiple-Use Management: A Comment
Authors: Bowes Michael D. , Krutilla John V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There is no need to allocate costs to outputs in order to decide upon the marginality of land for particular uses. Optimal land allocations may be based on the outputs and total costs of alternative strategies for each land unit. If the best allocation excludes an output, then that use is sub-marginal. Only this classification has economic meaning. Such classification is not permanent, but will depend on the relative values of outputs.
Biomass of Southern Hardwood Regeneration Estimated by Vertical Line Sampling
Authors: Hitchcock III Harry C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Three even-aged hardwood stands in Tennessee (ages 2, 4, and 6 years) were inventoried by use of vertical line sampling and equations that predict aboveground ovendry weight of wood and bark as a function of total height. Twenty-five line segments were sufficient to estimate yields with a sampling error of 15 percent. Two of the stands were well stocked, and produced an average of 1.4 ovendry tons per acre annually.