bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal 20q gain in the DNA diploid component of aneuploid colorectal carcinomas
Authors: De Angelis Paula M. , Stokke Trond , Beigi Marzieh , Flatberg Gøril , Enger Marianne , Haug Kristiane , Aass Hans Christian D. , Schjølberg Aasa , Andresen Per Arne , Ariansen Sarah , Bø Anne Signe , Mjåland Odd , Clausen Ole Petter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe order of appearance of different genetic aberrations during the shift from diploidy/near‐diploidy to aneuploidy in colorectal cancers is not yet clear. We studied genetic alterations in flow cytometrically‐sorted DNA diploid and corresponding aneuploid epithelial cell populations from each of 20 colorectal tumors using comparative genomic hybridization, FISH, and PCR. Analysis of the 19 cases in which aberrations were found in the flow‐sorted diploid population indicated that large‐scale aneuploidization in colorectal cancer was preceded by amplification of oncogene(s) localized to chromosome 20q13.2 and by KRAS mutations, but not by TP53 deletions or losses of large chromosomal regions such as 4q, 8p and 18q. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin down‐regulates TRAIL expression in vascular smooth muscle cells both in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Corallini Federica , Celeghini Claudio , Rizzardi Clara , Pandolfi Assunta , Di Silvestre Sara , Vaccarezza Mauro , Zauli Giorgio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo dissect the effect of hyperinsulinemia versus hyperglycemia on TNF‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression in the macrovascular district, we measured TRAIL mRNA and protein in four groups of animals: streptozotocin (SZT)‐induced diabetic rats, vehicle‐treated control animals, diabetic rats treated with insulin and non‐diabetic rats treated with insulin. While the aortas of diabetic rats did not show significant differences in TRAIL expression with respect to vehicle‐treated control animals, the aortas of both diabetic and non‐diabetic rats treated in vivo for 16 days with insulin showed a significant decrease in TRAIL expression with respect to either diabetic and control rats. Moreover, in vitro treatment of both rat and human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with insulin induced the down‐regulation of TRAIL protein. While the addition of recombinant TRAIL to rat VSMC promoted the dose‐dependent release of bioactive nitric oxide (NO), this effect was significantly counteracted by pre‐exposure of VSMC to insulin. These findings suggest that TRAIL might act as an endogenous regulator of the vascular tone and that chronic elevation of insulin might contribute to the vascular abnormalities characterizing type‐2 diabetes mellitus by down‐regulating TRAIL expression and activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 89–95, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonographic diagnosis of a round ligament cyst in the inguinal area
Authors: Oh Soon Nam , Jung Seung Eun , Lee Jae Mun , Chung Jae Hee , Park Gyeong Sin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a case of a 37‐year‐old female with a mesothelial cyst of the round ligament presenting as a palpable mass. The mass appeared sonographically as a fusiform structure with several cystic anechoic areas and was misdiagnosed preoperatively as herniation of the right ovary. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of an extensive fetal axillary hemangiolymphangioma
Authors: Ozkur Ayhan , Kervancioglu Selim , Kervancioglu Resat , Dikensoy Ebru , Inaloz Huseyin Serhat , Sirikci Akif 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHemangiolymphangioma (HL) is an extremely rare malformation of both the lymphatic and blood vessels. We present a case of fetal axillary HL that was diagnosed sonographically at 36 weeks' gestation. Sonographic examination revealed a large, multilocular, cystic mass consistent with lymphangioma. At birth, a giant hemangioma was noticed involving the right hemitruncus. Based on clinical and sonographic findings, a diagnosis of HL was made. Surgical treatment was considered but was refused by the parents. The neonate died at 14 days of age, possibly due to an intralesional hemorrhage. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Synthesis of carbon‐14 labeled dibutyltin dichloride
Authors: Lewin Anita , Jeffcoat Robert , Berrang Bertold 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis report describes the preparation of carbon‐14 labeled dibutyltin dichloride from carbon‐14 labeled barium carbonate in 30% overall radiochemical yield. The key steps were (a) the preparation of carbon‐14 labeled butyl bromide from carbon‐14 labeled barium carbonate via carbon‐14 labeled butyl mesylate, and (b) the direct preparation of tetrabutyltin by the lithium‐mediated reaction of dibutyltin dichloride with carbon‐14 labeled butyl bromide. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructure of the protonephridia of larval Rugiloricus cf. cauliculus, male Armorloricus elegans, and female Nanaloricus mysticus (Loricifera)
Authors: Neuhaus Birger , Kristensen Reinhardt Møbjerg 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe protonephridial system of several Loricifera was studied by transmission electron microscopy. A larval specimen of Rugiloricus cf. cauliculus possesses two protonephridia, which are “capped” frontally by a compact mass of still undifferentiated gonadal cells. Each protonephridium consists of four monociliary terminal cells and four canal cells with a diplosome but no cilia. Because of incomplete series of sections and unsatisfactory fixation, the outleading cell(s) could not be detected. In a male specimen of Armorloricus elegans, each gonad contains two protonephridia that open into the gonadal lumen. Each protonephridium consists of two monociliary terminal cells, each forming a filter, two nonciliated canal cells, and two nephroporus cells. The protonephridial lumina of the latter cells fuse to one common lumen, which unites with the gonadal lumen. Preliminary observations on the protonephridia of a female Nanaloricus mysticus reveal a more complicated arrangement of interdigitating terminal and canal cells. One or two terminal cells form their own individual filter or four cells form a common compound filter. The cilium of the terminal cells of all species investigated are surrounded by a palisade of nine microvilli that support the filter barrier made of an extracellular matrix. An additional filter diaphragm could be traced between the pores in the cell wall of each terminal cell of A. elegans. The urogenital system of the Loricifera differs from that of the Priapulida in that the protonephridia of the former are completely integrated into the gonad, whereas the excretory organs of the latter open into the urogenital duct caudally of the gonads. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological specializations in heterocongrinae (Anguilliformes: Congridae) related to burrowing and feeding
Authors: De Schepper N. , De Kegel B. , Adriaens D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe remarkable lifestyle of heterocongrines has drawn the attention of many authors in the past, though no or little attention has been paid to the morphology of the tail and the head of these species. In order to examine the true nature of possible morphological specializations of the head and tail and their relation to their tail‐first burrowing habit and/or feeding mode, a detailed myological and osteological study of Heteroconger hassi and Heteroconger longissimus was performed. The osteological similarities of the cranial skeleton between H. hassi and H. longissimus are striking. Most of the cranial muscles show no variation in presence, insertion or origin between these two species except for the adductor mandibulae complex, the adductor hyomandibulae and the intermandibularis. The adductor mandibulae complex is small, compared to that of other anguilliform species, and is probably related to their suction‐dominated feeding mode and a diet, comprising mainly small, soft prey items. Heterocongrinae have undergone several morphological specializations in the tail for their tail‐first burrowing lifestyle. The skeleton and musculature of the tail of H. hassi and H. longissimus are similar. In both species the caudal skeleton is highly reduced and fortified, forming a firm, pointed burrowing tool. Intrinsic caudal musculature is reduced and some muscles (interradials, supracarinalis) are even absent. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermotropic Phase Behavior of a Liquid‐Crystalline Poly(ether ester) Derived from Hydroxydibenzoic Acid, 2‐Methyl‐1,3‐propanediol and R‐1,3‐Butanediol
Authors: Fernández‐Blázquez Juan P. , Bello Antonio , Pérez Ernesto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe thermotropic phase behavior of a liquid‐crystalline poly(ether ester) derived from 4′‐hydroxybiphenyl‐4‐carboxylic acid and two different spacer diols (2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol and R‐1,3‐butanediol) has been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, real time synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and solid‐state 13C NMR. It has been found that the polymer develops a smectic mesophase that presents order inside the layers. This mesophase has a slow rate of formation, in such a way that it is possible to obtain either an amorphous glass or a liquid‐crystalline glass. These two phases exhibit different and independent glass transition temperatures: 95 °C for the amorphous one and 85 °C for the mesophase. The diffractogram of this mesophase shows two clear diffractions in the wide‐angle region and a long spacing (of low intensity) in the small‐angle region. All those features are characteristic of a mesophase of intermediate order, presumably of the type SmI, in contrast to the low‐ordered SmCalt mesophase reported for the racemic polymer. Thus, the chirality of the spacer, which provides structural regularity, makes easier the packing of the chains, so that a more ordered mesophase is obtained. In addition, both the solid‐state 13C NMR line shapes and the value of $T_{1\rho }^H $ are practically the same for the quenched and the annealed samples, indicating that the “ordered” phase obtained by annealing is not a three‐dimensional crystal, thus confirming its assignment as mesophase, with a considerable degree of conformational disorder.magnified image
A longitudinal look at rural consumer adoption of online shopping
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Kim Minjeong , Johnson Kim K. P. , Jolly Laura D. , Damhorst Mary Lynn , Jasper Cynthia R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInnovation diffusion theory guided research on the process of online apparel shopping adoption (i.e., changes in online shopping adoption) among rural consumers. Rural consumers in 11 states completed surveys in 2000 ( n = 2,198) and in 2003 (n = 879). Variables measured in 2000 were used to predict online apparel purchasing in 2003; structural equation modeling was used for data analysis and yielded satisfactory fit. Results revealed strong support for innovation diffusion theory: Previous practice and characteristics of the decision‐making unit ( education, income, innovativeness) affected belief structures. Although beliefs about online shopping measured in 2000 did not affect online apparel shopping adoption in 2000, they did affect online apparel shopping adoption in 2003, demonstrating the dynamic nature of innovation diffusion. Characteristics of the decision‐making unit (education, income) indirectly affected online apparel shopping via their influence on previous practice, which was the strongest predictor of online apparel purchasing in 2000 and 2003. General beliefs about the Internet and beliefs about the compatibility of online shopping with respondents' lifestyles predicted online apparel shopping in 2003, whereas beliefs about the benefits and advantages of online shopping did not. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Propagation Kinetics of Free‐Radical Methacrylic Acid Polymerization in Aqueous Solution. The Effect of Concentration and Degree of Ionization
Authors: Beuermann Sabine , Buback Michael , Hesse Pascal , Kukučková Silvia , Lacık Igor 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPropagation rate coefficients, kp, of free‐radical methacrylic acid (MAA) polymerization in aqueous solution are presented and discussed. The data has been obtained via the pulsed laser polymerization – size‐exclusion chromatography (PLP‐SEC) technique within extended ranges of both monomer concentration, from dilute solution up to bulk MAA polymerization, and of degree of ionic dissociation, from non‐ionized to fully ionized MAA. A significant decrease of kp, by about one order of magnitude, has been observed upon increasing monomer concentration in the polymerization of non‐ionized MAA. Approximately the same decrease of kp occurs upon varying the degree of MAA ionization, α, at low MAA concentration from α = 0 to α = 1. With partially ionized MAA, the decrease of kp upon increasing MAA concentration is distinctly weaker. For fully ionized MAA, the propagation rate coefficient even increases toward higher MAA concentration. The changes of kp measured as a function of monomer concentration and degree of ionization may be consistently interpreted via transition state theory. The effects on kp are essentially changes of the Arrhenius pre‐exponential factor, which reflects internal rotational mobility of the transition state (TS) structure for propagation. Friction of internal rotation of the TS structure is induced by ionic and/or hydrogen‐bonded intermolecular interaction of the activated state with the molecular environment.
Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization (RITP) in Emulsion
Authors: Lacroix‐Desmazes Patrick , Tonnar Jeff , Boutevin Bernard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP) is a new controlled radical polymerization technique based on the use of molecular iodine I2 as control agent. This paper aims at presenting the basics of RITP and the strategy that we have followed for the development of this process in the past three years, from the validation in homogeneous solution polymerization up to recent results in heterogeneous aqueous polymerization processes. Typical examples of RITP of butyl acrylate in emulsion and RITP of styrene in miniemulsion are discussed.
The entity of young onset primary cervical dystonia
Authors: Koukouni Vasiliki , Martino Davide , Arabia Gennarina , Quinn Niall P. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrimary cervical dystonia is typically an adult onset condition with symptom onset usually in the fifth and sixth decade. Young onset (<28 years) is uncommon. We report 76 patients with cervical dystonia as a presenting or predominant feature, with disease onset before the age of 28. Male to female ratio was 1.24:1 and the mean onset age was 21 (3–28) years. A family history of tremor and/or dystonia was noted in 26.3%. Depression and anxiety attacks were present in 23.7%.Prior injury or surgery involving the neck was noted in 17.1%. 23 (30.3%) experienced spontaneous partial or complete remissions within the first 5 years of onset, but all relapsed. Cervical dystonia was predominantly rotational torticollis. 30% developed extra‐nuchal dystonia and tremor affecting contiguous parts but in only one there was spread to affect the legs. All 15 patients tested for the DYT1 gene were negative. 74% responded favorably to botulinum toxin injections, whereas none of the 13 patients treated with L‐Dopa preparations had a beneficial response. The distinctive features of this entity are discussed. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Radicular and nonradicular back pain in Parkinson's disease: A controlled study
Authors: Broetz Doris , Eichner Martin , Gasser Thomas , Weller Michael , Steinbach Joachim P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPostural abnormalities and increased muscle tone in Parkinson's disease (PD) may cause back pain. In this controlled study, we analyzed features of back pain in PD patients. The prevalence of back pain was 74% in PD patients (n = 101) when compared with 27% in control patients (n = 132; P < 0.0001, fisher's exact test), but did not correlate with disease severity or duration. The mean back pain intensity (visual analog scale of 0–10) was 4.3 for PD patients, and 1.3 for controls. Both radicular and nonradicular types of back pain were more frequent, and back pain caused more impairment in PD patients. However, it is noteworthy that the PD patients in our study did not receive more pain medication than control patients. This suggests that back pain in PD patients is often neglected and insufficiently treated. Our results argue for the routine evaluation of back pain in every patient suffering from PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Effect of magnetization transfer on the measurement of cerebral blood flow using steady‐state arterial spin tagging approaches: A theoretical investigation
Authors: McLaughlin Alan C. , Ye Frank Q. , Pekar James J. , Santha Attanagoda K. S. , Frank Joseph A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple four‐compartment model for magnetization transfer was used to obtain theoretical expressions for the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and ΔM, the change in longitudinal magnetization of brain water spins when arterial water spins are perturbed. The theoretical relationship can be written in two forms, depending on the approach used to normalize ΔM. Using the first approach, the calculation of cerebral blood flow requires a knowledge of R1 (ω1, Δω), the longitudinal relaxation rate observed in the presence of continuous off‐resonance RF irradiation. Using the second approach, the calculation of cerebral blood flow requires a knowledge of ℛ1(ω1, Δω), where ℛ1(ω1, Δω) is given by the product of R1(ω1, Δω) and the fractional steady‐state longitudinal water magnetization in the presence of off‐resonance RF irradiation. If the off‐resonance RF irradiation used for arterial tagging does not produce appreciable magnetization transfer effects, ℛ1, (ω1, Δω) can be approximated by the longitudinal relaxation rate measured in the absence of offresonance RF irradiation, R1obs. Theoretical expressions obtained by using the four‐component model for magnetization transfer are compared with equivalent expressions obtained by using two‐compartment models.
The excretion mechanism of the spin label proxyl carboxylic acid (PCA) from the rat monitored by X‐band ESR and PEDRI
Authors: Seimenis Ioannis , Foster Margaret A. , Lurie David J. , Hutchison James M. S. , Whiting Paul H. , Payne Simon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProton electron double resonance imaging (PEDRI) was used for monitoring in vivo the distribution, metabolism and, in particular, the excretion mechanism of the exogenous nitroxide free radical proxyl carboxylic acid (PCA) in the rat. PCA clearance half‐lives through liver, abdominal vessels, and renal tissues were determined from a series of PEDRI images for normal rats (n = 5) and rats treated with probenecid (n = 5), a competitive inhibitor of the tubular secretion process. The approximately doubled renal half‐lives of the treated animals suggest that tubular secretion accounts for about 50% of PCA renal loss in the normal rat and reabsorption is insignificant. PCA binding to bovine serum albumin was investigated by X‐band ESR and the bound fraction was found to be less than 10% of the total PCA. Most probably, PCA binds to hydrophilic sites. Blood PCA concentration investigated by X‐band ESR exhibited biphasic behavior and PEDRI results confirmed the in vivo metabolic reduction of PCA by rat liver cells.
Computational simulation of turbulent signal loss in 2D time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiograms
Authors: Siegel John M. , Oshinski John N. , Pettigrew Roderic I. , Ku David N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTime‐of‐flight magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is currently limited in the evaluation of arterial stenoses by flowinduced signal loss. This signal loss has been attributed to phase dispersion and to phase misregistration. We have developed a fluid mechanics model of 2D time‐of‐flight MR angiograms to study the amount of signal loss caused by random turbulence. The simulations were created by stochastic analysis of particle pathlines determined by computational fluid dynamics for turbulent flow. The images obtained by the model compare well to actual MR images of flow in stenoses. By selectively removing the random turbulent motion in the simulation, it can be seen that random phase dispersion is the dominant mechanism of signal loss. Phase misregistration and mean flow phase dispersion act as secondary effects. The MR simulation model recreates accurately the variation of signal loss over a range of echo times. The model can be used further to explore and design new pulse sequences. For example, the current study showed that high slew rate gradient waveforms can significantly reduce poststenotic signal loss. In conclusion, computational modeling of MR angiography can be a useful approach for the analysis of MRA signal loss and the design of improved pulse sequences.
An extended two‐point dixon algorithm for calculating separate water, fat, and B0 images
Authors: Skinner Thomas E. , Glover Gary H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new algorithm is presented that provides separate water, fat, and B0 images utilizing the in‐phase and opposed‐phase acquisitions of the two‐point Dixon (2PD) method. The accuracy of the extended method (E2PD) compares favorably with the three‐point Dixon (3PD) method, and the acquisition requires 2/3 the 3PD scan time. Slightly increased mismapping may occur in pixels containing an admixture of water and fat due to reduced SNR in the B0 field map compared with the 3PD method.
Improved automatic off‐resonance correction without a field map in spiral imaging
Authors: Man Lai‐Chee , Pauly John M. , Macovski Albert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNon‐2DFT k‐space readout strategies are useful in fast imaging but prone to blurring when reconstructed off resonance. Field inhomogeneities or susceptibility variations, coupled with a long readout time, are the major sources of this artifact. Correction methods based on a priori off‐resonance information such as an acquired field map have been proposed in the literature. An alternative approach estimates the spatially varying off‐resonance frequency from the data itself before applying a correction. In this latter approach there is a tradeoff between the extent of correction and the chance of increased artifact due to estimation error. This paper introduces an improved algorithm for field map estimation which is both faster and more robust than the existing method. It uses a multi‐stage estimation of the field map, starting from a coarse estimate both in frequency and space and proceeds towards higher resolution. The new algorithm is applied to phantom and in vivo images acquired with radial and spiral sequences to give sharper images.
The use of active shape models for making thickness measurements of articular cartilage from MR images
Authors: Solloway Stuart , Hutchinson Charles E. , Waterton John C. , Taylor Christopher J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPreviously reported studies to quantify articular cartilage have used labor‐intensive manual or semi‐automatic data‐driven techniques, demonstrating high accuracy and precision. However, none has been able to automate the segmentation process. This paper describes a fast, automatic, model‐based approach to segmentation and thickness measurement of the femoral cartilage in 3D T1‐weighted images using active shape models (ASMs). Systematic experiments were performed to assess the accuracy and precision of the technique with in vivo images of both normal and abnormal knees. Segmentation accuracy was determined by comparing the results of the segmentation with the boundaries delineated by a radiologist. The mean error in locating the boundary was 0.57 pixels. To assess the precision of the measurement technique, the mean thickness of the femoral cartilage was calculated for repeated scans of five healthy volunteers. A mean coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.8% was obtained for the thickness measurements.