bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad and narrow personality traits as markers of one-time and repeated suicide attempts: A population-based study
Authors: Brezo Jelena , Paris Joel , Hébert Martine , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard , Turecki Gustavo 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
Studying personality traits with the potential to differentiate between individuals engaging in suicide attempts of different degrees of severity could help us to understand the processes underlying the link of personality and nonfatal suicidal behaviours and to identify at-risk groups. One approach may be to examine whether narrow, i.e., lower-order personality traits may be more useful than their underlying, broad personality trait dimensions.

Methods
We investigated qualitative and quantitative differences in broad and narrow personality traits between one-time and repeated suicide attempters in a longitudinal, population-based sample of young French Canadian adults using two multivariate regression models.

Results
One broad (Compulsivity: OR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.2–3.5) and one narrow personality trait (anxiousness: OR = 1.1; 95% CI 1.01–1.1) differentiated between individuals with histories of repeated and one-time suicide attempts. Affective instability [(OR = 1.1; 95% CI 1.04–1.1)] and anxiousness [(OR = .92; 95% CI .88–.95)], on the other hand, differentiated between nonattempters and one-time suicide attempters.

Conclusion
Emotional and cognitive dysregulation and associated behavioural manifestations may be associated with suicide attempts of different severity. While findings associated with narrow traits may be easier to interpret and link to existing sociobiological theories, larger effect sizes associated with broad traits such as Compulsivity may be better suited to objectives with a more clinical focus.
Hue-shifted monomeric variants of Clavulariacyan fluorescent protein: identification of the molecular determinants of color and applications in fluorescence imaging
Authors: Ai Hui-wang , Olenych Scott G , Wong Peter , Davidson Michael W , Campbell Robert E 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background

In the 15 years that have passed since the cloning of Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (avGFP), the expanding set of fluorescent protein (FP) variants has become entrenched as an indispensable toolkit for cell biology research. One of the latest additions to the toolkit is monomeric teal FP (mTFP1), a bright and photostable FP derived from Clavularia cyan FP. To gain insight into the molecular basis for the blue-shifted fluorescence emission we undertook a mutagenesis-based study of residues in the immediate environment of the chromophore. We also employed site-directed and random mutagenesis in combination with library screening to create new hues of mTFP1-derived variants with wavelength-shifted excitation and emission spectra.

Results

Our results demonstrate that the protein-chromophore interactions responsible for blue-shifting the absorbance and emission maxima of mTFP1 operate independently of the chromophore structure. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the Tyr67Trp and Tyr67His mutants of mTFP1 retain a blue-shifted fluorescence emission relative to their avGFP counterparts (that is, Tyr66Trp and Tyr66His). Based on previous work with close homologs, His197 and His163 are likely to be the residues with the greatest contribution towards blue-shifting the fluorescence emission. Indeed we have identified the substitutions His163Met and Thr73Ala that abolish or disrupt the interactions of these residues with the chromophore. The mTFP1-Thr73Ala/His163Met double mutant has an emission peak that is 23 nm red-shifted from that of mTFP1 itself. Directed evolution of this double mutant resulted in the development of mWasabi, a new green fluorescing protein that offers certain advantages over enhanced avGFP (EGFP). To assess the usefulness of mTFP1 and mWasabi in live cell imaging applications, we constructed and imaged more than 20 different fusion proteins.

Conclusion

Based on the results of our mutagenesis study, we conclude that the two histidine residues in close proximity to the chromophore are approximately equal determinants of the blue-shifted fluorescence emission of mTFP1. With respect to live cell imaging applications, the mTFP1-derived mWasabi should be particularly useful in two-color imaging in conjunction with a Sapphire-type variant or as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer acceptor with a blue FP donor. In all fusions attempted, both mTFP1 and mWasabi give patterns of fluorescent localization indistinguishable from that of well-established avGFP variants.
Prostaglandin E2metabolism in rat brain: Role of the blood-brain interfaces
Authors: Alix Eudeline , Schmitt Charlotte , Strazielle Nathalie , Ghersi-Egea Jean-François 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is involved in the regulation of synaptic activity and plasticity, and in brain maturation. It is also an important mediator of the central response to inflammatory challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the tissues forming the blood-brain interfaces to act as signal termination sites for PGE2 by metabolic inactivation.

Methods
The specific activity of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase was measured in homogenates of microvessels, choroid plexuses and cerebral cortex isolated from postnatal and adult rat brain, and compared to the activity measured in peripheral organs which are established signal termination sites for prostaglandins. PGE2 metabolites produced ex vivo by choroid plexuses were identified and quantified by HPLC coupled to radiochemical detection.

Results
The data confirmed the absence of metabolic activity in brain parenchyma, and showed that no detectable activity was associated with brain microvessels forming the blood-brain barrier. By contrast, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity was measured in both fourth and lateral ventricle choroid plexuses from 2-day-old rats, albeit at a lower level than in lung or kidney. The activity was barely detectable in adult choroidal tissue. Metabolic profiles indicated that isolated choroid plexus has the ability to metabolize PGE2, mainly into 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2. In short-term incubations, this metabolite distributed in the tissue rather than in the external medium, suggesting its release in the choroidal stroma.

Conclusion
The rat choroidal tissue has a significant ability to metabolize PGE2 during early postnatal life. This metabolic activity may participate in signal termination of centrally released PGE2 in the brain, or function as an enzymatic barrier acting to maintain PGE2 homeostasis in CSF during the critical early postnatal period of brain development.
Ability of pleth variability index to detect hemodynamic changes induced by passive leg raising in spontaneously breathing volunteers
Authors: Keller Geoffray , Cassar Emmanuel , Desebbe Olivier , Lehot Jean-Jacques , Cannesson Maxime 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Pleth Variability Index (PVI) is a new algorithm that allows continuous and automatic estimation of respiratory variations in the pulse oximeter waveform amplitude. Our aim was to test its ability to detect changes in preload induced by passive leg raising (PLR) in spontaneously breathing volunteers.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study. Twenty-five spontaneously breathing volunteers were enrolled. PVI, heart rate and noninvasive arterial pressure were recorded. Cardiac output was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography. Volunteers were studied in three successive positions: baseline (semirecumbent position); after PLR of 45° with the trunk lowered in the supine position; and back in the semirecubent position.

Results
We observed significant changes in cardiac output and PVI during changes in body position. In particular, PVI decreased significantly from baseline to PLR (from 21.5 ± 8.0% to 18.3 ± 9.4%; P < 0.05) and increased significantly from PLR to the semirecumbent position (from 18.3 ± 9.4% to 25.4 ± 10.6 %; P < 0.05). A threshold PVI value above 19% was a weak but significant predictor of response to PLR (sensitivity 82%, specificity 57%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.734 ± 0.101).

Conclusion
PVI can detect haemodynamic changes induced by PLR in spontaneously breathing volunteers. However, we found that PVI was a weak predictor of fluid responsiveness in this setting.
An age-associated increase in pulmonary inflammation after burn injury is abrogated by CXCR2 inhibition
Authors: Nomellini Vanessa , Faunce Douglas E , Gomez Christian R , Kovacs Elizabeth J 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBurn patients over the age of 60 are at a greater risk for developing pulmonary complications than younger patients. The mechanisms for this, however, have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine whether increased chemoattraction plays a role in the age-related differences in pulmonary inflammation after burn injury. At 6 or 24 h after receiving sham or 15% total body surface area scald injury, lungs from young and aged mice were analyzed for leukocyte content by histological examination and immunostaining. Lungs were then homogenized, and levels of neutrophil chemokines, MIP-2 and KC, were measured. At 6 h after burn, the number of neutrophils was four times higher in the lungs of both burn groups compared with aged-matched controls (P&lt;0.05), but no age difference was evident. At 24 h, in contrast, neutrophils returned to sham levels in the lungs of young, burn-injured mice (P&lt;0.05) but did not change in the lungs of aged, burn-injured mice. Pulmonary levels of the neutrophil chemokine KC but not MIP-2 were consistently three times higher in aged, burn-injured mice compared with young, burn-injured mice at both time-points analyzed. Administration with anti-CXCR2 antibody completely abrogated the excessive pulmonary neutrophil content by 24 h (P&lt;0.05), while not affecting the inflammatory response of the wounds. These studies show that CXCR2-mediated chemoattraction is involved in the pulmonary inflammatory response after burn and suggest that aged individuals sustaining a burn injury may benefit from treatment strategies that target neutrophil chemokines.
Risk of New Primary Nonbreast Cancers After Breast Cancer Treatment: A Dutch Population-Based Study
Authors: Schaapveld Michael , Visser Otto , Louwman Marieke J. , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. , Willemse Pax H.B. , Otter Renée , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Coebergh Jan-Willem W. , van Leeuwen Flora E. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose To assess the risk of secondary nonbreast cancers (SNBCs) in a recently treated population-based cohort of breast cancer patients focused on the association with treatment and prognostic implications. Patients and Methods In 58,068 Dutch patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1989 and 2003, SNBC risk was quantified using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), cumulative incidence, and Cox regression analysis, adjusted for competing risks. Results After a median follow-up of 5.4 years, 2,578 SNBCs had occurred. Compared with the Dutch female population at large, in this cohort, the SIR of SNBCs was increased (SIR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.27). The absolute excess risk was 13.6 (95% CI, 9.7 to 17.6) per 10,000 person-years. SIRs were elevated for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, lung, uterus, ovary, kidney, and bladder cancers, and for soft tissue sarcomas (STS), melanoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The 10-year cumulative incidence of SNBCs was 5.4% (95% CI, 5.1% to 5.7%). Among patients younger than 50 years, radiotherapy was associated with an increased lung cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.15 to 4.60) and chemotherapy with decreased risk for all SNBCs (HR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.98) and for colon and lung cancer. Among patients age 50 years and older, radiotherapy was associated with raised STS risk (HR = 3.43; 95% CI, 1.46 to 8.04); chemotherapy with increased risks of melanoma, uterine cancer, and AML; and hormonal therapy with all SNBCs combined (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.21) and uterine cancer (HR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.27). An SNBC worsened survival (HR = 3.98; 95%CI 3.77 to 4.20). Conclusion Breast cancer patients diagnosed in the 1990s experienced a small but significant excess risk of developing an SNBC.
The Safety of Dose-Dense Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Paclitaxel With Trastuzumab in HER-2/neu Overexpressed/Amplified Breast Cancer
Authors: Dang Chau , Fornier Monica , Sugarman Steven , Troso-Sandoval Tiffany , Lake Diana , D'Andrea Gabriella , Seidman Andrew , Sklarin Nancy , Dickler Maura , Currie Violante , Gilewski Theresa , Moynahan Mary Ellen , Drullinsky Pamela , Robson Mark , Wasserheit-Leiblich Carolyn , Mills Nancy , Steingart Richard , Panageas Katherine , Norton Larry , Hudis Clifford 
Published: March 2008

Purpose Dose-dense (dd) doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by paclitaxel (P) is superior to every 3-weekly AC followed by P. Given the demonstrated cardiac safety for trastuzuamb (T) with conventionally scheduled AC followed by P, we tested the safety of dd AC followed by P with T. The primary end point was cardiac safety, and the secondary end points were time to recurrence and overall survival. Methods Patients with HER-2/neu immunohistochemistry (IHC) 3+ or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)-amplified breast cancer and baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥ 55% were enrolled, regardless of tumor size or nodal status. Treatment consisted of AC (60/600 mg/m2) × 4 followed by P (175 mg/m2) × 4 every 2-weekly with pegfilgrastim (6 mg on day 2) + T ×1 year. LVEF by radionuclide scan was obtained at baseline, at months 2, 6, 9, and 18. Results From January 2005 to November 2005, 70 patients were enrolled. The median age was 49 years (range, 27 to 72 years); median LVEF at baseline was 68% (range, 55% to 81%). At month 2 in 70 of 70 patients, the median LVEF was 67% (range, 58% to 79%); at month 6 in 67 of 70 patients, it was 66% (range, 52% to 75%); at month 9 in 68 of 70 patients, it was 65% (range, 50% to 75%); and at month 18 in 48 of 70 patients, it was 66% (range, 57% to 75%). As of December 1, 2007, the median follow-up was 28 months (range, 25 to 35 months). One patient (1%) experienced conestive heart failure (CHF). There were no cardiac deaths. Conclusion Dose-dense AC followed by P/T followed by T is feasible and is not likely to increase the incidence of cardiac events compared to established regimens.
Monitoring the Response of Circulating Epithelial Tumor Cells to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Allows Detection of Patients at Risk of Early Relapse
Authors: Pachmann Katharina , Camara Oumar , Kavallaris Andreas , Krauspe Sabine , Malarski Nele , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Kroll Torsten , Jörke Cornelia , Hammer Ulrike , Altendorf-Hofmann Annelore , Rabenstein Carola , Pachmann Ulrich , Runnebaum Ingo , Höffken Klaus 
Published: March 2008

Purpose To demonstrate that it is possible to monitor the response to adjuvant therapy by repeated analysis of circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs) and to detect patients early who are at risk of relapse. Patients and Methods In 91 nonmetastatic primary breast cancer patients, CETCs were quantified using laser scanning cytometry of anti–epithelial cell adhesion molecule–stained epithelial cells from whole unseparated blood before and during adjuvant chemotherapy. Results Numbers of CETCs were analyzed before therapy, before each new cycle, and at the end of chemotherapy. The following three typical patterns of response were observed: (1) decrease in cell numbers (> 10-fold); (2) marginal changes in cell numbers (< 10-fold); and (3) an (sometimes saw-toothed) increase or an initial decrease with subsequent reincrease (> 10-fold) in numbers of CETCs. Twenty relapses (22%) were observed within the accrual time of 40 months, including one of 28 patients from response group 1, five of 30 patients from response group 2, and 14 of 33 patients from response group 3. The difference in relapse-free survival was highly significant for CETC (hazard ratio = 4.407; 95% CI, 1.739 to 9.418; P < .001) between patients with decreasing cell numbers and those with marginal changes and between patients with marginal changes and those with an increase of more than 10-fold (linear Cox regression model). Conclusion These results show that peripherally circulating tumor cells are influenced by systemic chemotherapy and that an increase (even after initial response to therapy) of 10-fold or more at the end of therapy is a strong predictor of relapse and a surrogate marker for the aggressiveness of the tumor cells.
Nomograms to Predict Serious Adverse Events in Phase II Clinical Trials of Molecularly Targeted Agents
Authors: Pond Gregory R. , Siu Lillian L. , Moore Malcolm , Oza Amit , Hirte Hal W. , Winquist Eric , Goss Glenwood , Hudes Gary , Townsley Carol A. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose A tool that quantifies the risk of treatment-related toxicity based on individual patient characteristics can augment the informed consent process and safety monitoring in the setting of phase II cancer treatment trials of molecularly targeted agents (MTAs). Methods A regression model was constructed to predict the risk of a serious adverse event (SAE) with an MTA and presented as a nomogram. Estimation of risk can be performed by integrating risk estimates from the nomogram and from a reference or average patient. Internal validation was performed using bootstrapping techniques. Results A total of 578 patients were treated with one of 14 MTAs given alone or in combination on one of 27 clinical trials performed by the Princess Margaret Hospital Drug Development Program between 2001 and 2006. Approximately 50% and 24% of patients experienced an SAE and an attributable SAE (SAEatt) during cycle 1, respectively. Albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), number of target lesions, prior radiotherapy, Charlson score, age, and performance status were included in the optimal model as predictors of a cycle 1 SAE, whereas the number of prior chemotherapy regimens, baseline creatinine, LDH, prior radiotherapy, Charlson score, body-surface area, and performance status were included as predictors of an SAEatt. Moderate-good internal validity was demonstrated, with area under the curve estimates ranging from 56.7% to 86.1% for all SAEs and 63.0% to 89.7% for SAEatts. Conclusion A regression model was constructed that predicts the SAE and SAEatt risk for an individual patient during cycle 1 of phase II trial treatment with moderate to good internal validity. External validation is still required.
Nitrate removal by calcined hydrotalcite-type compounds
Authors: Socías-Viciana María M. , Ureña-Amate María D. , González-Pradas Emilio , García-Cortés María J. , López-Teruel Cristina 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sorption of nitrate ions on calcined hydrotalcite-type compounds at 550°C (HT550), 650°C (HT650), and 850°C (HT850) from pure water solution at 25°C has been studied. The influence of the temperature was also investigated for the sample calcined at 850°C by studying the sorption process at 10 and 40°C. The experimental sorption data points were fitted to the Langmuir equation in order to calculate the sorption capacities (Xm) of the samples; Xm values range from 61.7 g kg−1 (HT550 at 25°C) to 147.0 g kg−1 (HT850 at 40°C). The values for the removal efficiency (R) obtained ranged from 70.5% for HT550 at 25°C to 99.5% for HT850 at 40°C. The sorption experiments showed that the greater the calcination temperature (850°C), the more effective the removal of nitrate. The increase in the temperature from 10 to 40°C for sample HT850 also tends to increase the sorption of nitrate from 63.3 g kg−1 to 147 g kg−1 and the corresponding removal efficiency from 71.5 to 99.5%.
Hydrothermal synthesis of beidellites: Characterization and study of the cis- and trans-vacant character
Authors: Lantenois Sébastien , Muller Fabrice , Bény Jean-Michel , Mahiaoui Jamel , Champallier Rémi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLow-charge beidellites were synthesized by a hydrothermal treatment applied to an amorphous gel phase in basic solution. The hydrothermal conditions for the syntheses were chosen from the stability field of beidellite previously investigated in the literature. The synthetic samples were characterized chemically and structurally using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, cation exchange capacity measurement, and chemical and thermal analyses. We compared the synthetic sample with a natural beidellite sample (SbId) from Idaho, USA, looking at chemical composition and particle size. The main difference is the octahedral site occupancy (cis- or trans-vacant layer structure). The natural SbId sample has trans-vacant layers and the synthetic sample has a preferentially cis-vacant character. This character can be modulated, using specific synthesis conditions. The cis- or trans-vacant layer structure of various synthetic beidellites was investigated at low temperature (<350°C) and pressure (<25 MPa). Depending on the pressure and/or synthesis temperature, the proportion of cis-vacant layers ranges from 20 to 100% and increases with the layer-charge deficit.
Vigorous Physical Activity Increases Fracture Risk in Children Irrespective of Bone Mass: A Prospective Study of the Independent Risk Factors for Fractures in Healthy Children
Authors: Clark Emma M , Ness Andy R , Tobias Jon H 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Low bone mass is a determinant of fractures in healthy children. Small studies provide limited evidence on the association between ethnicity, birth weight, family size, socioeconomic status, dietary calcium intake, or physical activity and fracture incidence. No studies have investigated whether these determinants of fracture risk act through affecting bone mass or through other mechanisms. The aim of this study was to use a population-based birth cohort to confirm which variables are determinants of fracture risk and to further study which of these risk factors act independently of bone mass. Children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children have been followed up from birth to 11 yr of age. Maternal self-reported data have been collected contemporaneously on early life factors, diet, puberty, and physical activity. These were linked to reported fractures between 9 and 11 yr of age. Multivariable logistic regression techniques were used to assess whether these potential determinants were independent of, or worked through, estimated volumetric BMD or estimated bone size relative to body size measured by total body DXA scan at 9.9 yr of age. A total of 2692 children had full data. One hundred ninety-three (7.2%) reported at least one fracture over the 2-yr follow-up period. Children who reported daily or more episodes of vigorous physical activity had double the fracture risk compared with those children who reported less than four episodes per week (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.21–1.76). No other independent determinants of fracture risk in healthy children were found. In conclusion, reported vigorous physical activity is an independent risk factor for childhood fracture risk. However, the interrelationship between physical activity, bone mass, and childhood fracture risk suggests that the higher bone mass associated with increased physical activity does not compensate for the risk caused by increased exposure to injuries.