bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on solving the inverse problem in EEG source analysis
Authors: Grech Roberta , Cassar Tracey , Muscat Joseph , Camilleri Kenneth P , Fabri Simon G , Zervakis Michalis , Xanthopoulos Petros , Sakkalis Vangelis , Vanrumste Bart 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this primer, we give a review of the inverse problem for EEG source localization. This is intended for the researchers new in the field to get insight in the state-of-the-art techniques used to find approximate solutions of the brain sources giving rise to a scalp potential recording. Furthermore, a review of the performance results of the different techniques is provided to compare these different inverse solutions. The authors also include the results of a Monte-Carlo analysis which they performed to compare four non parametric algorithms and hence contribute to what is presently recorded in the literature. An extensive list of references to the work of other researchers is also provided.This paper starts off with a mathematical description of the inverse problem and proceeds to discuss the two main categories of methods which were developed to solve the EEG inverse problem, mainly the non parametric and parametric methods. The main difference between the two is to whether a fixed number of dipoles is assumed a priori or not. Various techniques falling within these categories are described including minimum norm estimates and their generalizations, LORETA, sLORETA, VARETA, S-MAP, ST-MAP, Backus-Gilbert, LAURA, Shrinking LORETA FOCUSS (SLF), SSLOFO and ALF for non parametric methods and beamforming techniques, BESA, subspace techniques such as MUSIC and methods derived from it, FINES, simulated annealing and computational intelligence algorithms for parametric methods. From a review of the performance of these techniques as documented in the literature, one could conclude that in most cases the LORETA solution gives satisfactory results. In situations involving clusters of dipoles, higher resolution algorithms such as MUSIC or FINES are however preferred. Imposing reliable biophysical and psychological constraints, as done by LAURA has given superior results. The Monte-Carlo analysis performed, comparing WMN, LORETA, sLORETA and SLF, for different noise levels and different simulated source depths has shown that for single source localization, regularized sLORETA gives the best solution in terms of both localization error and ghost sources. Furthermore the computationally intensive solution given by SLF was not found to give any additional benefits under such simulated conditions.
The Architectural Development of the Historic Masjids in Cairo and its Acoustical Impact
Authors: Oldham D. J. , Elkhateeb A. 
Published: November 2008

This work examines the acoustical characteristics of the four patterns that represent the architectural development of the historic Masjids (Mosques) in Cairo: the semi-closed Rewaq pattern; the semi-closed Iwan pattern; the closed Iwan pattern and the closed simple geometrical pattern. Detailed architectural and acoustical analyses were performed on samples collected through a comprehensive historical survey of Masjids that were built between the ninth and eighteenth centuries. The architectural analysis included consideration of: room area; volume; shape; form; finishing materials; roof type and room aspect ratio. The acoustical analysis involved the application of geometrical acoustics using the RAYNOISE program ver3.1 to investigate the acoustical qualities of two Mamluk Masjids. The acoustics of two other Masjids are also briefly discussed. Results of the computer simulations showed that the semi-closed Rewaq pattern has the most problematic acoustic environment due to its enormous volume and the use of massive pillars that tend to confine the sound rays in a limited area around the source. The semi-closed Iwan pattern yields the best acoustical qualities relative to the other three patterns with high values of speech SPL (65-70dB(A)) and a D50 value that is equates to speech intelligibility of 70% or higher. In the closed Iwan pattern, only the worshipers in the Qibla Iwan experience a good acoustic environment whereas the other worshipers may experience some difficulties in hearing and understanding clearly the voice of the Imam. The closed simple pattern has fair acoustical qualities with most of the worshipers receiving a speech SPL equal to or higher than 50dB(A). This is due to its excessive height and the resulting long distance travelled by the rays reflected from the ceiling (about 42m) before reaching the plane of the worshipers. This results in their intensity being severely diminished. The three patterns for which simulations were carried out all have long reverberation times (RT) at the low and mid frequencies. This long RT is considered appropriate for the spiritual nature of these places and in addition in some cases it helps in increasing the speech SPL in the room.
Reference Population and Marathon Runner Sera Assessed by Highly Sensitive Cardiac Troponin T and Commercial Cardiac Troponin T and I Assays
Authors: Mingels Alma , Jacobs Leo , Michielsen Etienne , Swaanenburg Joost , Wodzig Will , van Dieijen-Visser Marja 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background: Endurance exercise can increase cardiac troponin (cTn) concentrations as high as those seen in cases of minor myocardial infarction. The inability of most cTn assays to reliably quantify cTn at very low concentrations complicates a thorough data analysis, and the clinical implications of such increases remain unclear. The application of recently developed highly sensitive cTn immunoassays may help resolve these problems.
Methods: We evaluated the precommercial highly sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assay from Roche Diagnostics and the Architect cardiac troponin I (cTnI-Architect) assay from Abbott Diagnostics by testing samples from a reference population of 546 individuals and a cohort of 85 marathon runners. We also measured the samples with the current commercial cTnT assay for comparison.
Results: Although the hs-cTnT and cTnI-Architect assays were capable of measuring cTn concentrations at low concentrations (&lt;0.01 μg/L), only the hs-cTnT assay demonstrated a CV of &lt;10% at the 99th percentile of the reference population and a near-gaussian distribution of the measurements. After a marathon, 86% of the runners had cTnT concentrations greater than the 99th percentile with the hs-cTnT assay, whereas only 45% of the runners showed increased concentrations with the current cTnT assay. cTn concentrations remained significantly increased the day after the marathon. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated marathon experience and age to be significant predictors of postmarathon cTn concentrations (P &lt; 0.05).
Conclusions: The hs-cTnT assay was the only assay tested with a performance capability sufficient to detect cTn concentrations in healthy individuals. The number of runners with increased cTn concentrations after a marathon depends highly on an assay’s limit of detection (LOD). The assay with the lowest LOD, the hs-cTnT assay, showed that almost all runners had increased cTn concentrations. The clinical implications of these findings require further investigation.
Infection following deep brain stimulator implantation performed in the conventional versus magnetic resonance imaging–equipped operating room
Authors: Gorgulho Alessandra , Juillard Catherine , Uslan Daniel Z. , Tajik Katayoun , Aurasteh Poorang , Behnke Eric , Pegues David , De Salles Antonio A. F. 
Published: November 2008

Object
Risk factors for deep brain stimulator (DBS) infection are poorly defined. Because DBS implants are not frequently performed in the MR imaging–equipped operating room (OR), no specific data about infection of DBS implants performed in the MR imaging environment are available in the literature. In this study the authors focus on the incidence of infection in patients undergoing surgery in the conventional versus MR imaging–equipped OR.

Methods
To identify cases of DBS-associated infection, the authors performed a retrospective cohort study with nested case-control analysis of all patients undergoing DBS implantation at the University of California Los Angeles Medical Center. Cases of DBS infection were identified using standardized clinical and microbiological criteria.

Results
Between January 1998 and September 2003, 228 DBSs were implanted. Forty-seven operations (20.6%) were performed in the conventional OR and 181 (79.4%) in the MR imaging–equipped OR. There was definite infection in 13 cases (5.7%) and possible infection in 7 cases (3%), for an overall infection rate of 8.7% (20 of 228 cases). There was no significant difference in infection rates in the conventional (7 [14.89%] of 47) versus MR imaging–equipped OR (13 [7.18%] of 181) (p = 0.7). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 62% of cases. Twelve of 13 confirmed cases underwent complete hardware removal. On case-control analysis, younger age (≤ 58.5 years) was a significant predictor of DBS infection (odds ratio 3.4, p = 0.027)

Conclusions
Infection is a serious complication of DBS implantation and commonly requires device removal for cure. The authors found that DBS implantation can be safely performed in MR imaging–equipped suites, possibly allowing improved lead placement. Young age was associated with an increased risk of DBS infection.
Randomized clinical trial comparing a polypropylene with a poliglecaprone and polypropylene composite mesh for inguinal hernioplasty
Authors:   Polish Hernia Study Group, Śmietański M 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
The aim was to assess whether a partially absorbable monofilament mesh could influence postoperative pain and time to return to normal activity after Lichtenstein hernioplasty.

Methods
The study randomized patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair in 15 centres into two groups according to mesh type: lightweight (poliglecaprone–polypropylene composite) and heavyweight (polypropylene). A modified suture technique was used in the lightweight group. Follow-up on day 7 and at 3, 6 and 12 months evaluated the incidence of early and late complications, recurrence rate, quality of life, postoperative pain and return to physical activity.

Results
A total of 600 patients were randomized and, after monitoring visits (leading to the exclusion of seven hospitals), 392 qualified for assessment. At 12 months, the recurrence rate did not differ (1·9 versus 0·6 per cent; P = 0·493). The lightweight group reported less pain on day 7 (55·2 versus 36·2 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and at 3 months (17·1 versus 9·8 per cent; P = 0·033) but pain was similar for both groups at 1 year. General health and physical activity according to Short Form 36 scores increased in both groups.

Conclusion
Use of partially absorbable mesh reduced postoperative pain in the short term. No difference in pain or recurrence rates were observed at 12 months. Registration number: CCT-NAPN-17412 (http://www.controlled-trials.com)
Evolution of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in a single centre
Authors: Kenny Damien , Morgan Gareth , Bajwa Aneeka , Farrow Claire , Parry Andrew , Caputo Massimo , Tometzki Andrew , Martin Robin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectives: To describe the evolution of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PMVSD) using either the Amplatzer membranous or muscular occluders in a single centre. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients referred for transcatheter PMVSD closure from December 2003 to December 2007. All patients met unit criteria for surgical closure. Results: There were 27 procedures on 25 patients (11 male) with a preprocedure diagnosis of a PMVSD. Median age was 9.6 years (1.8–32.8). Median weight was 28 kg (10.2–86). Defect size on TOE ranged from 5 to 12 mm. Median Qp:Qs was 1.6:1. A muscular occluder was used in six patients. Median procedure time was 93.5 min (51–214). Implantation was ultimately successful in 23 patients (92%). Acute aortic incompetence resulting in occluder removal occurred in two cases, one requiring surgical removal. Another patient had an aborted attempt but had subsequent successful closure in another unit. Median follow‐up is 19.5 months (1–42). Five patients (22%) have trivial/mild residual leak across the occluder at their latest assessment, the majority of which had an aneurysmal perimembranous septum (n = 4). Two patients (8%) developed new trivial to mild aortic incompetence. To date, none of the patients in our group have developed complete heart block. Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of PMVSD is evolving and should be considered an acceptable alternative to surgery in selected subgroups. Avoidance of oversized occluders and use of muscular occluders in those with aneurysmal defects may help to avoid heart block and aortic regurgitation. Muscular occluders may however interfere with tricuspid valve function. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dieldrin Contamination of the Groundwater in a Former US Military Base (Clark Air Base, Philippines)
Authors: Mandocdoc Mariz , Primo David Carlos 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA comprehensive monitoring program was undertaken for the groundwater wells at Clark Air Base, a former United States military facility in the Philippines that operated until 1991. It was established that the pesticide dieldrin continued to exceed drinking water standards (<0.03 μg/L) in several wells even after 16 years since the chemical was last used. Historical dieldrin readings exhibit episodic high and low values throughout the year, indicating that values are primarily controlled by seasonal variations in rainfall. June typically registers the highest dieldrin concentration (0.27 μg/L), which then tapers off during the rest of the rainy season due to continued dilution. Surface sediment sampling at the sites, which in 1997 showed extremely high dieldrin concentrations (11 mg/kg) are not detected in more recent monitoring studies. This is interpreted as being partly due to the degradation of the compound, but more probably due to dieldrin's percolation into the deeper underlying sediments, which is then flushed into the aquifer during every rainfall event. All wells that have shown contamination have been decommissioned. However, monitoring continues in all water producing wells to ensure that water of suitable quality is supplied to all current end‐users. Finally, all previous studies on contamination at Clark Air Base are unpublished, and, therefore, this research is one of the first significant documentations of contamination in a military facility in the country.
Does the Surface Matter? Hydrogen‐Bonded Chain Formation of an Oxalic Amide Derivative in a Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Environment
Authors: Klappenberger Florian , Cañas‐Ventura Marta E. , Clair Sylvain , Pons Stéphane , Schlickum Uta , Qu Zhi‐Rong , Strunskus Thomas , Comisso Alessio , Wöll Christof , Brune Harald , Kern Klaus , De Vita Alessandro , Ruben Mario , Barth Johannes V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe report on a multi‐technique investigation of the supramolecular organisation of N,N‐diphenyl oxalic amide under differently dimensioned environments, namely three‐dimensional (3D) in the bulk crystal, and in two dimensions on the Ag(111) surface as well as on the reconstructed Au(111) surface. With the help of X‐ray structure analysis and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) we find that the molecules organize in hydrogen‐bonded chains with the bonding motif qualitatively changed by the surface confinement. In two dimensions, the chains exhibit enantiomorphic order even though they consist of a racemic mixture of chiral entities. By a combination of the STM data with near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy, we show that the conformation of the molecule adapts such that the local registry of the functional group with the substrate is optimized while avoiding steric hindrance of the phenyl groups. In the low coverage case, the length of the chains is limited by the Au(111) reconstruction lines restricting the molecules into fcc stacked areas. A kinetic Monte Carlo simulated annealing is used to explain the selective assembly in the fcc stacked regions.
Growth and characterization of glycine doped bis thiourea cadmium chloride single crystal
Authors: Dhumane N. R. , Hussaini S. S. , Dongre V. G. , Karmuse P. P. , Shirsat M. D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSingle crystal of 2 mol% glycine doped Bis Thiourea Cadmium Chloride, a semi organic nonlinear optical material has been grown by slow evaporation technique. Good quality single crystal with dimension 14 × 12 × 5 mm3 was harvested after 35 days. The influence of amino acid glycine was studied for 1, 2 and 3 mol% glycine doped Bis Thiourea Cadmium Chloride by Kurtz and Perry powder second harmonic generation test and compared with pure Bis Thiourea Cadmium Chloride which confirms the enhancement of second harmonic generation property of glycine doped Bis Thiourea Cadmium Chloride. The large enhancement was found for 2 mol% glycine doping. The grown crystal was characterized by various characterizations viz. single crystal X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray (EDAX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, UV‐visible absorption, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrating tumor‐initiating cells into the paradigm for melanoma targeted therapy
Authors: Smalley Keiran S.M. , Herlyn Meenhard 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThere is growing evidence to suggest that not all cancer cells have similar levels of malignant potential and that tumor progression may be driven by specialized sub‐sets of “tumor initiating” cells. It is likely that as tumor initiating cells have lower proliferation rates and enhanced survival mechanisms they may also drive drug resistance. Melanoma is known to be an exceptionally therapy resistant tumor, with no treatment yet identified to alter the natural progression of the disseminated disease. In the current review, we discuss evidence for the existence of melanoma initiating cells and described possible therapeutic strategies to eradicate this population via the targeting of specific cell‐surface markers or through the disruption of the interaction of the melanoma initiating cells with their local microenvironment. It is hoped that the targeting of melanoma initiating cells may be one approach to overcome the incredible therapy resistance of this tumor. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the shape of the fringe of various types of random trees
Authors: Drmota Michael , Gittenberger Bernhard , Panholzer Alois , Prodinger Helmut , Ward Mark Daniel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe analyze a fringe tree parameter w in a variety of settings, utilizing a variety of methods from the analysis of algorithms and data structures.Given a tree t and one of its leaves a, the w(t, a) parameter denotes the number of internal nodes in the subtree rooted at a's father. The closely related w̄(t, a) parameter denotes the number of leaves, excluding a, in the subtree rooted at a's father. We define the cumulative w parameter as W(t) = Σaw(t, a), i.e. as the sum of w(t, a) over all leaves a of t. The w parameter not only plays an important rôle in the analysis of the Lempel–Ziv '77 data compression algorithm, but it is captivating from a combinatorial viewpoint too.In this report, we determine the asymptotic behavior of the w and W parameters on a variety of types of trees. In particular, we analyze simply generated trees, recursive trees, binary search trees, digital search trees, tries and Patricia tries.The final section of this report briefly summarizes and improves the previously known results about the w̄ parameter's behavior on tries and suffix trees, originally published in one author's thesis (see Analysis of the multiplicity matching parameter in suffix trees. Ph.D. Thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, U.S.A., May 2005; Discrete Math. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 2005; AD:307–322; IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 2007; 53:1799–1813).This survey of new results about the w parameter is very instructive since a variety of different combinatorial methods are used in tandem to carry out the analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Well‐posed problem of a pollutant model of the Kazhikhov–Smagulov type
Authors: Fang Daoyuan , Fang Lin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a well‐posed problem of a pollutant model of the Kazhikhov–Smagulov type, which is derived by Bresch et al. (J. Math. Fluid Mech. 2007; 9:377–397). For proper smooth data, existence and uniqueness are stated on a time interval, which become independent of the diffusion coefficient λ when λ goes to zero. A blow‐up criterion involving the norm of the gradient of the velocity in L1(0, T; L∞) is also proved. Besides, we show that if the density‐dependent Euler system has a smooth solution on a given time interval [0, T0] , then the pollutant model of the Kazhikhov–Smagulov type with the same data and small diffusion coefficient has a smooth solution on [0, T0] . The diffusion solution tends to the Euler solution when the diffusion coefficient λ goes to zero. The rate of the convergence in L2 is of order λ . Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved NMR methods for the direct 13C‐satellite‐selective excitation in overlapped 1H‐NMR spectra
Authors: Nolis Pau , Gil Sergio , Espinosa Juan Félix , Parella Teodor 
Published: November 2008

AbstractImproved pulsed‐field gradient echo methods are presented and discussed for the direct selective excitation of the 13C‐satellite lines in overcrowded 1H NMR spectra of small molecules. Sensitivity enhancements in 13C spin‐state selection can be achieved by combining multiple‐proton‐frequency excitation and Hadamard phase encoding. Several satellite‐selective (SATSEL) NMR experiments are proposed and exemplified by measuring the sign and the magnitude of small, long‐range proton–carbon coupling constants for 1H resonances showing several levels of signal overlapping. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative proteomic analysis for capsaicin‐induced apoptosis between human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and human neuroblastoma (SK‐N‐SH) cells
Authors: Baek Yu Mi , Hwang Hye Jin , Kim Sang Woo , Hwang Hee Sun , Lee Sung Hak , Kim Jung Ae , Yun Jong Won 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe endogenous ROS levels were increased during HepG2 apoptosis, whereas they were decreased during SK‐N‐SH apoptosis in response to capsaicin treatments. We used 2‐DE‐based proteomics to analyze the altered protein levels in both cells, with special attention on oxidative stress proteins before and after capsaicin treatments. The 2‐DE analysis demonstrated that 23 proteins were increased and 26 proteins were decreased significantly (fold change>1.4) in capsaicin‐treated apoptotic HepG2 and SK‐N‐SH cells, respectively. The distinct effect of capsaicin‐induced apoptosis on the expression pattern of HepG2 proteins includes the downregulation of some antioxidant enzymes including aldose reductase (AR), catalase, enolase 1, peroxiredoxin 1, but upregulation of peroxiredoxin 6, cytochrome c oxidase, and SOD2. In contrast, most antioxidant enzymes were increased in SK‐N‐SH cells in response to capsaicin, where catalase might play a pivotal role in maintenance of low ROS levels in the course of apoptosis. The global gene expression for oxidative stress and antioxidant defense genes revealed that 84 gene expressions were not significantly different in HepG2 cells between control and capsaicin‐treated cells. In contrast, a number of oxidative genes were downregulated in SK‐N‐SH cells, supporting the evidence of low ROS environment in apoptotic SK‐N‐SH cells after capsaicin treatment. It was concluded that the different relationship between endogenous ROS levels and apoptosis of two cancer cells presumably resulted from complicated expression patterns of many oxidative stress and antioxidant genes, rather than the individual role of some classical antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and catalase.