bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’industrie dans le paysage des villes et des territoires. Illustrations en Lorraine
Authors: Simon Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2025

En France, au début du XXème siècle, le dynamisme industriel bouleverse des territoires organisés autour de l’agriculture et de la ville classique. Les besoins de foncier, pour les établissements industriels, les infrastructures d’accompagnement et les logements d’une main-d’œuvre nombreuse et à faible revenu, nécessitent l’appropriation de terrains le plus souvent agricoles. L’action des industriels à travers le “Musée social” débouche sur la première loi d’urbanisme française votée en 1919 : la loi Cornudet. La loi montre sa pertinence pendant la Reconstruction qui suit la Première Guerre Mondiale, mais elle est modifiée dès 1925 et son efficacité est fortement réduite. Les communes doivent désormais financer les opérations en moins de quinze ans : tout projet ambitieux ou de réserves foncières est alors pratiquement exclu. Cette “victoire” des propriétaires fonciers handicape l’action des collectivités qui doivent acquérir des terrains aux prix du marché et non plus du terrain agricole, aussi elles interviennent au coup par coup, au gré des demandes ou des opportunités. Les premiers paysages marqués par le développement industriel sont apparus au début du XXème siècle et ils illustrent la ville espérée par les industriels et pour laquelle ils s’impliquent. Les seconds sont nés de projets locaux élaborés dans l’urgence pour résoudre une crise de l’emploi ; enfin les troisièmes apparaissent dans les tentatives actuelles de réindustrialisation. Ces paysages, cadre de vie quotidien d’habitants de travailleurs et de consommateurs évoluent et la connaissance de leur origine et de l’échelle des collectivités maitres d’ouvrage (communes-métropoles-régions-Europe) devrait accompagner les actions de programmation et d’aménagement.
Impact of viral load on sample pooling for reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction detection-based diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 in Nigeria
Authors: Eliya Timan T. , Isere Elvis E. , Emmana Bassey , Ugwu Chukwuebuka , Kushim Jonathan , Ishaku Precious , Ibrahim Aisha E. , Bimba John S. 
Published: February 2025

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic strained diagnostic testing capacities globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard for COVID-19 detection, but limited testing resources caused bottlenecks in Nigeria’s response during the pandemic. Sample pooling offers a cost-effective strategy to enhance testing capacity during future outbreaks.Objective: This study determined the maximum number of COVID-19 samples that can be pooled for RT-PCR testing in Nigeria without compromising the detection sensitivity of a single positive sample.Methods: A total of 1222 nasopharyngeal samples from symptomatic COVID-19 patients in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, collected between March 2021 and August 2022, were retrieved from the laboratory biorepository and analysed from November 2022 to February 2023. These included five positive samples with cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from ≤ 20 to 40, and 1217 negative samples. Positive samples were pooled with negative ones at increasing dilution ratios (1:4–1:64), to assess detection sensitivity on the GeneXpert platform.Results: A positive sample with a Ct value ≤ 25 could be pooled with up to 64 negative samples while maintaining a detectable positive result. However, samples with Ct values of 36–40 could only be pooled with a maximum of eight negative samples. Higher Ct values reduced pooling effectiveness.Conclusion: Sample pooling is a feasible method for scaling up COVID-19 RT-PCR testing in resource-limited settings like Nigeria. The Ct value is critical in determining optimal pool sizes for accurate detection.What this study adds: The findings provide critical guidelines for determining the optimal pool sizes based on Ct values, aiding in effective COVID-19 testing strategies. By optimising sample pooling based on viral load, health authorities can improve their response to future COVID-19 outbreaks and similar public health emergencies.
Factors associated with successful treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients in a district municipality of Vhembe, Limpopo
Authors: Mkhavele Busisiwe , Zondi Slindile , Cele Lindiwe , Mogale Mabina , Mbelle Margeret 
Published: February 2025

Background: Treatment success rate is a critical indicator for monitoring the progress of tuberculosis (TB) treatment programmes at both the patient and population levels. It informs decisions about resource allocation and the effectiveness of TB control strategies. This study aimed to determine the level of TB cure rates and the factors associated with treatment success among TB patients receiving TB care in the Collins Chabane municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: Medical records from April 2020 to March 2021 of 289 patients attending primary health care facilities, initiated on anti-TB treatment were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data and modified Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with treatment success. Statistical software Epi Info was used for analysis.Results: Of the 289 TB cases, 282 (97.6%) were newly initiated on TB treatment. Of these, 37.0% were cured, followed by 29.0% who defaulted treatment, 22.3% who completed the treatment and 11.7% who died during treatment. The likelihood of successful treatment outcomes was significantly associated with marital status, supervised treatment and distance travelled to a health facility. A higher likelihood of success was observed among patients who were single and 27.0% of those had supervised treatments.Conclusion: Tuberculosis patients continue to die in the course of treatment. Supervised treatment is a predictor of successful treatment outcomes.Contributions: This study highlight the need for heightened advocacy for supervised TB treatment and increased effort to combat the death of patients while on TB treatment.
Awareness and Use of Nutrition Information in Food Labels among School-going Adolescents of East Delhi: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Vaz Rodney Preetham , Acharya Anita Shankar , Shrivastava Shaivya , Khandekar Jyoti 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
There is an increase in the incidence of obesity and overweight in the country with concomitant rise in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Improper diet along with reduced physical activity plays an important risk factor in the development of NCDs. The study was carried out to determine the level of awareness about nutrition information in food labels among adolescent girls of East Delhi and to study the various factors affecting the decision of purchasing packaged food products among study subjects.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a Government School for girls in Patparganj, East District of Delhi among 184 girl students between October 2021 and February 2022. Data were collected using semistructured and pretested questionnaires and analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel.

Results:
A total of 184 students of the 9th and 10th standards were included in the study and final analysis on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age of the students was found to be 14.94 ± 0.89 years with an age range of 13–17 years. Knowledge about nutritional labels on packaged food was seen in 93.3% of the study subjects. Of the total participants, 96.7% of them identified the labels of the type of food correctly.

Conclusion:
The knowledge about nutritional labeling on the food packaging was found to be high. Knowledge about food packaging coupled with a change in buying habits can improve outcome in terms of chronic diseases in the adulthood.
Unveiling Anemia: A Snapshot of Rural Gujarat’s Adolescent Girls
Authors: Zala Rameshwari , Sharma Anil , Dabhi Pragna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Anemia is a pervasive dietary issue, especially affecting adolescent girls. This pivotal stage offers a prime opportunity to address dietary deficiencies and prevent long-term consequences. This study investigates the dietary status of adolescent girls in rural Gujarat to understand the prevalence and severity of anemia. The findings will inform targeted interventions to improve their health and well-being.

Aims:
The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of anemia and identify associated risk factors among adolescent girls in rural Gujarat.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1704 adolescent girls from government schools in Anand district, Gujarat. Data encompassing sociodemographic variables, dietary habits (assessed through the 24-h recall method), lifestyle and menstrual patterns, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were estimated using the HemoCue system. Subsequently, the data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the associated risk factors.

Results:
Among 1704 adolescent girls, the mean Hb was 9.21 ± 1.42 g/dl, and 97.2% had anemia (Hb <8 g/dl). The prevalence of mild (11–11.9 g/dl), moderate (8–10.9 g/dl), and severe (Hb <8 g/dl) anemia was 6.7%, 73.7%, and 16.8%, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression in all cases, association was insignificant at (P < 0.05). Factors associated with increased anemia risk were joint family (odds ratio [OR]: 1.177, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.829–1.648), having 2 siblings (OR: 1.328, 95% CI: 0.668–2.639), history of malaria in past 3 months (OR: 1.132, 95% CI: 0.668–1.924), lower socioeconomic class (OR: 1.225, 95% CI: 0.583–2.573), vegetarian (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.737–1.611), and BMI <13.2 (OR: 2.192, 95% CI: 0.506–9.49).

Conclusions:
The current study underscores the persistent challenge of anemia among adolescent girls, highlighting it as a significant public health concern. Despite the existence of various national programs in India aimed at addressing anemia for decades, the issue continues to prevail among this vulnerable demographic.
Sodium Nitrite Accidental Occupational Inhalational Poisoning
Authors: Sindher Johny , Sindhu Pranjjal , Aggarwal Amitesh , Narang Shiva 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Occupational accidents and illnesses are rising, with various systemic features influenced by exposure route, intensity, and duration. Sodium nitrite, used in food, textile, and printing industries, is a frequent cause of accidental, suicidal, and homicidal poisonings. We report a case of accidental sodium nitrite exposure in a dye factory via inhalation. The patient, involved in mixing sodium nitrite with caustic and nitric acid, developed acute respiratory symptoms often misdiagnosed as common respiratory illnesses, risking fatal outcomes. Chronic exposure signs included nail and teeth discoloration. The patient lacked protective gear, increasing vulnerability to toxic fumes. Immediate supportive care led to significant improvement. This case underscores the urgent need for strict enforcement of workplace safety regulations to reduce occupational hazards and associated morbidity and mortality. Employers must ensure proper ventilation and provide protective equipment to prevent such incidents.
Evaluation of Fine-Needle Aspiration of Lymph Nodes and Assessment of Risk of Malignancy Based on the Sydney System of Reporting Lymph Node Cytology
Authors: Ghosh Shreshtha , Guha Priyadarshini , Verma Shweta , Gupta Neelima , Vimal Jitendra Kumar , Prasad Pallavi , Pant Gitika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) being the first-line of technique is considered the most popular method for diagnosing lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis of a lymph node lesion is challenging due to the vast diversity in lymph node cytology. There has been a lack of standard guidelines for cytopathological reporting of lymph nodes. Sydney System has been recently proposed to provide consensus guidelines for the classification and reporting of lymph node FNAC and to maintain uniformity in reporting.

Aims:
The present study aimed to analyze the utility of the proposed Sydney System.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively studied lymph node FNAC cases which were retrieved from hospital records with relevant clinical and radiological details along with the histopathological follow-up to assess the risk of malignancy in each category.

Results:
A total of 1572 cases from lymph nodes were reclassified according to the Sydney System. The most common site was cervical lymph nodes followed by intrabdominal, mediastinal, inguinal, and axillary. The risk of malignancy was found to be highest for category V (93.5%) and least for category II (13.7%) followed by category IV (66.6%), category III (33.3%), and category I (25%). The diagnostic accuracy of our study was 90.1%.

Conclusions:
The proposed Sydney System is helpful in the systematization and standardization of lymph node FNA diagnosis and reporting. It provides increased efficacy in clinical management with enhanced communication between clinicians and cytopathologists. Moreover, clinical practice would also benefit from management recommendations specific to diagnostic categories with increasing risk of malignancy.
The Role of Immunohistochemistry in Reducing the “Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS)” Category in Serous Fluid Cytology
Authors: Yarikkaya Enver , Erdogan-Durmus Senay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims:
The International Serous Fluid Cytopathology Reporting System aimed to establish standardized protocols to ensure consistency in the reporting of serous fluid cytological specimens. In the search for higher diagnostic accuracy and a reduction in indeterminate categories, such as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), ancillary tests like immunohistochemical (IHC) staining panels were performed. In our study, we aimed to evaluate whether the category of cases diagnosed as AUS by initial examination would change at the end of IHC studies.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 375 serous fluid cytology samples were examined in our laboratory for 10 months. Of these, 37 cases that were initially diagnosed as AUS were included in the study. A control group, comprising 20 cases initially diagnosed as negative for malignancy (NFM) was used. For the IHC study, sections from cell blocks were used for each group Then, the slides were stained with Ep-CAM/epithelial specific antigen (MOC31), Hector Battifora mesothelial-1 (HBME-1), and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68).

Results:
Following the IHC study involving MOC31, HBME-1, and CD68, a significant reclassification was observed in cases initially diagnosed as AUS. Specifically, in 86.1% of these cases, a definitive categorization into either NFM or malignant was achieved. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of achieving a definitive category after the IHC study (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Our study emphasizes the critical importance of enhancing the initial IHC panel, initially composed of epithelial and mesothelial markers, with CD68. This strategic addition contributed significantly to the reduction of cases categorized as AUS.
The Second Edition of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: System Application, Outcome, and Cytohistological Correlation
Authors: Onyszczuk Magdalena , Drozdzowska Bogna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology for salivary gland lesions is sensitive and specific for diagnosing and treating salivary gland pathologies. The objective of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is to organize the diagnostic information from the FNA into a uniform reporting terminology.

Aims:
The study was conducted retrospectively to reclassify previous diagnoses into the MSRSGC categories to determine the cytohistological concordance and assess the risk stratification by calculating the risk of malignancy (ROM) for different categories.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 248 FNA cases of salivary gland lesions were analyzed and reclassified according to the second edition of the MSRSGC. The histological diagnosis was considered the gold standard. The ROM for each category was calculated based on 101 histopathologic follow-up cases.

Results:
Of the 248 patients, 1.2% were classified as nondiagnostic, 37.9% as nonneoplastic, 1.2% as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 52.8% as benign neoplasm, 0.4% as uncertain malignant potential (SUMP), 0.4% as suspicious of malignancy (SFM), and 6.1% as malignant neoplasm. Histopathological correlation was available in 101 cases. The ROM was 0% for nonneoplastic lesions and benign neoplasms, and 100% for AUS, SUMP, SFM, and malignant categories. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FNA cytology in diagnosing salivary gland lesions using MSRSGC were found to be 76.5%, 100%, 100%, and 95.3%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The use of the MSRSGC helps in triaging patients with salivary gland lesions, increases the effectiveness of communication between clinicians and pathologists, and thus facilitates individualized patient management.
Comparison of ProExC and p16ink4a Biological Markers in Lesional Smears With the Immunocytochemical Method and Relationship With Human Papillomavirus in Liquid-based Cervicovaginal Specimens
Authors: Usta Zeynep Turkmen , Yilmaz Zeynep Sagnak , Ersoz Safak , Mungan Sevdegul Aydin , Cobanoglu Umit , Guven Suleyman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
This study investigated the determination of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in smears with and without lesions, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the ProExC and p16 biomarkers in smears with lesions.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 192 cervicovaginal smears were included in the study. ProExC (BD) and p16ink4a antibodies were applied to the lesion-containing samples by immunocytochemical method. If HPV was present, its type was determined. Patient biopsy specimens were used as a gold standard to confirm the lesion type. In addition, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade SIL (HSIL), and HSIL, atypical glandular cells, and the relationship between two biomarkers in cases diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma were investigated.

Results:
Of these, 192 cases included in our study, 119 had lesional smears and 73 had no lesional cells. Of the 191 cases in which HPV was investigated, 105 were negative and 86 were positive for HPV types 16, 18, and others. A statistically significant difference was found between HPV positivity and smears with lesions (P = 0.0001). p16 and ProExC positivity was extensive in cases with more severe lesions. A strong correlation was observed between high-risk HPV (+) and HSIL-detected cases.

Conclusion:
ProExC and p16 are biomarkers that facilitate the diagnosis of HSIL. Nuclear staining for the ProExC marker is easier to apply to cytological samples than p16.
Plasma Cells Out for a Swim! A Study on Myelomatous Involvement of Effusion Fluid and Cerebrospinal Fluid: A 10-Year Experience from a Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: De Sayantan , Samanta Satarupa , Shah Majal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy marked by clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, occasionally presents with myelomatous effusion—a rare condition with a median survival of <4 months. Central nervous system involvement (CNS-MM), characterized by plasma cell infiltration in the CNS, leptomeninges, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is similarly rare and associated with dismal outcomes.

Aims:
To analyze the plasma cell involvement in body fluids and CSF in plasma cell neoplasms, correlating these findings with treatment strategies and patient outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted in the Oncopathology Department of a tertiary state cancer institute over 10 years (2013–July 2024). It included cases of plasma cell neoplasms with confirmed involvement of body cavity fluids or CSF. Data reviewed included epidemiological profiles, biochemical and hematological findings, immunohistochemistry results, treatment regimens, and follow-up information.

Results:
A total of 16 cases demonstrated neoplastic plasma cell involvement: 12 cases in pleural fluid and 4 cases in CSF. Of these, nine cases were diagnosed with MM, five cases with plasmacytoma, and two cases with plasma cell leukemia. Treatment included chemotherapy (10 patients), palliative radiotherapy (4 patients), combined palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (1 patient), and curative radiotherapy with chemotherapy (1 patient). Despite these interventions, the mean survival was only 2 months.

Conclusion:
Myelomatous involvement of effusion fluids and CSF is associated with a grim prognosis. These findings underscore the urgent need for multidisciplinary research and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes for these patients.
Volumetric Analysis of Different Obturating Techniques Using CBCT: An In-vivo Study
Authors: Kuttikkottil Rahul Kappedath , Sangal Aayasha , Babu Haritha , Puri Nikhil , Sebastian Varsha Maria , Krishnadas Vipin Chembuzha , Job Tisson Varghese 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Root canal obturation is a critical phase in endodontic therapy, aimed at preventing reinfection and ensuring long-term therapeutic success. The quality of obturation is determined by the ability of the filling material to effectively seal the root canal system, preventing microbial invasion and minimizing the risk of recurrent infection. Various obturation techniques, including Cold Lateral Condensation, Carrier-Based, Thermoplasticized Injectable, and Cold Free-Flow Compaction, are employed, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages in terms of material adaptation, ease of application, and the potential for void formation.

Methodology:
This study utilized Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for a comprehensive volumetric examination of the four root canal obturation techniques. CBCT was used to assess the material’s ability to fill the root canal space and identify the presence of voids, which could compromise the effectiveness of the obturation.

Discussion:
The Cold Lateral Condensation technique, while being cost-effective and easy to apply, may result in voids due to gaps between the gutta-percha cones. Other techniques, such as Carrier-Based and Thermoplasticized Injectable, offer improved adaptation and reduce the risk of void formation but may come with increased cost or complexity in application.

Conclusion:
The study underscores the importance of choosing an obturation technique that balances cost, ease of application, and material adaptation to ensure effective root canal sealing and minimize the risk of reinfection.