bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sixty argon laser‐assisted anastomoses in rats: Macroscopic and histological studies
Authors: Martinot V. L. , Mitchell V. A. , Mordon S. R. , Schoofs M. , Pellerin P. N. , Brunetaud J. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present in vivo study was undertaken to evaluate the patency rate and histological appearance of 30 venous anastomoses and 30 carotid anastomoses in Wistar rats using a laser. An argon laser was used with the following parameters: power, 100 mW; time, 3 seconds; continuous mode; spot, 200 μm (fluence, 950 J/cm2; irradiance, 320 W/cm2). The macroscopic appearance and patency rate were evaluated at different postoperative intervals (30 days and 60 days). In the venous group, the patency rate was 100% with no saccular pseudo‐aneurysm. In the arterial group, the patency rate was 93% with three saccular pseudo‐aneurysms and two thromboses. Histological studies noted slight and transitory modifications of the media in the arterial group. In the venous group, the modifications appeared under the endothelium. Since the procedure was similar in both groups, the lack of pseudo‐aneurysm formation in the venous group can be explained by a lower intravascular pressure. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First web space reconstruction by a free flap from the contralateral paralysed hand
Authors: Adani Roberto , Castagnini Luca , Balsam Mustapha , Caroli Alessandro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn modern reconstructive surgery any composite tissue removed during an elective ablative operation may serve as a vascularised free‐tissue transfer for a possible distant reconstruction. The use of this technique does not create a donor deficit and may help in the reconstruction process. We report a case in which the dorsum of a paralysed and insensate right hand has been used as a free tissue transfer for the reconstruction of the first web space of the left hand. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urodynamic procedures: Recommendations of the Urodynamic Society. I. Procedures that should be available for routine urologic practice
Authors: Blaivas J. G. , Awad S. A. , Bissada N. , Khanna O. P. , Krane R. J. , Wein A. J. , Yalla S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis report details the recommendations of the Urodynamic Society on urodynamic procedures. It was the unanimous opinion of the members of the task force that the practicing urologist should have access to cystometry, voiding cystourethrography, and estimation of urinary flow rate and postvoid residual urine volume. Knowledge of these parameters coupled with history, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory data permits effective treatment of the vast majority of patients with lower urinary tract disorders. Urethral pressure profilmetry, sphincter electromyography, and combined multichannel urodynamic procedures are not necessary for the routine practice of urology.
Differential diagnosis of impotence in diabetics: The validity of sexual symptomatology
Authors: Abel Gene G. , Becker Judith V. , Cunningham‐Rathner Jerry , Mittelman Mary , Primack Marshall 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSixty diabetic males complaining of impotence were administered a structured interview and completed nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) monitoring to categorize their impotence as either organic, psychogenic, or undetermined. A summary score of seven sexual symptoms was found to be effective in differentiating organic from psychogenic impotence. By relying upon these seven sexual symptoms as a screening test, 38% of male impotent diabetics can be spared the expense of NFT monitoring, since the outcome of such monitoring can be predicted from the summary score of these seven symptoms. The correlation between the seven sexual symptoms and the subjects' NPT monitoring results was 0.78, accounting for 61% of the variance. Therefore the seven sexual symptoms can be useful in predicting NPT monitoring results before the monitoring is completed. The sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of the seven sexual symptoms is discussed, as well as the cost efficiency of utilizing this screening device.
Precise urodynamic assessment of anatomic urethral obstruction in boys
Authors: Griffiths D. J. , Scholtmeijer R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRepeated pressure/flow studies of micturition, with and without a thick catheter in the urethra, together with an on‐line plot of detrusor pressure against flow rate, enable real anatomic urethral obstruction to be distinguished from (possibly artifactual) functional effects and often allow a urodynamic caliber to be assigned to any anatomic narrowing in the urethra. Results from 103 boys aged 3–15 years without overt neurologic abnormality are reported. It is shown how the presence of a thick urethral catheter enhances the sensitivity to anatomic obstruction, and urodynamic criteria for recognizing such obstruction are set up. Although clinically diagnosed abnormalities such as meatal stenosis are often urodynamically obstructive, 40% of obstructions diagnosed on nonurodynamic grounds were ruled out urodynamically. The overall incidence of urodynamically demonstrated anatomic obstruction in this selected material was 19%.
Detrusor pressure versus wall stress in relation to ureterovesical resistance
Authors: Coolsaet B. L. R. A. , Van Venrooij G. E. P. M. , Blok C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMeasurements of the resistance to flow in the normal ureterovesical junction in the pig and in the human indicate that the resistance is related only to the detrusor pressure and is independent of the stress in the bladder wall.
Urodynamic evaluation of a bladder flap tube as urinary sphincter
Authors: Thüroff Joachim W. , Bazeed Mahmoud A. , Schmidt Richard A. , Tanagho Emil A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sphincteric properties of the normal urethra of seven female dogs were compared to those of a bladder flap tube pulled through the rectus muscle and anastomosed to the skin for urethral replacement. The functional length and distribution of closure pressure at rest were similar in the urethra and the bladder flap tube. When sneezing was triggered in the dogs to provoke a stress condition, contraction of the rectus muscle induced pressure changes in the distal neourethra similar to those obtained under the same stress condition from the striated urethral sphincter. However, with a full bladder, stress forced the newly fashioned bladder neck to open; yet, owing to sufficient resistance in the distal neourethra (rectus muscle), stress incontinence occurred only in two animals.
Total and static pressure measurements of the male lower urinary tract
Authors: Yalla Subbarao V. , Fraser Lionel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSimultaneous total and static urethral pressure measurements were attempted in 22 male subjects who could void around a 10‐French bilumen urethral catheter. The catheter had an end‐hole at its tip and a side‐hole approximately 1 cm away from the end hole (short catheter‐tip segment). Thus, during a single voiding attempt, simultaneous total and static urethral pressures at two different urethral sites (1 cm distance) could be recorded. In addition, suprapubic vesical pressure monitoring was done in all these subjects. The studies also included a comparison of these recordings with those obtained with a 10‐French catheter that had its side‐hole placed 10 cm away from the tip (long catheter‐tip segment). The studies indicated that (1) the total pressure at a particular region of the urethra was usually higher than its static pressure; (2) the pressure sensing catheters produced “plugging effect” of the narrow segments of the outlet; and (3) the static pressure configurations that were obtained with a catheter having a long catheter‐tip segment were markedly different from those obtained through a catheter that had a short catheter‐tip segment.This presentation also includes observations on static pressure measurements obtained from a crude mechanical model that simulated the geometry of the urinary bladder and its outlet. True lateral pressures of the flowing fluid were obtained via cannulae inserted perpendicularly into the stream, through the wall of the outlet (extraluminal route). A comparison was attempted between the static pressure measurements obtained through the extraluminal route with those obtained through the catheters (10–14 French) that were directly inserted into the lumen of the outlet along its axis (intraluminal route). The studies indicated identical static pressures at the narrowest site (16–18 French) of the outlet recorded through both routes.
Detrusor reflex instability in male infravesical obstruction: Fact or artefact?
Authors: Colstrup H. , Andersen J. T. , Walter S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a randomized crossover study, 46 males clinically suspected of infravesical outflow obstruction were investigated with two consecutive cystometries, either with the catheter balloon inflated or deflated. The sequence was chosen at random. A statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of cystometrically diagnosed detrusor reflex instability and in the maximum cystometric bladder capacity.
Urethral sensitivity—an integral component of the storage phase of the micturition cycle
Authors: Murray Keith 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of bladder capacity on the urethral sensitivity threshold in 30 unselected patients is described. A significant reduction in the urethral sensitivity threshold with increasing bladder capacity was demonstrated and the significance of this is discussed. A “normal” pattern of urethral sensitivity changes in patients with no urodynamic abnormality is postulated.
The development of reflex bladder activity following spinal cord injury in cats and a method to control it
Authors: McGuire Edward J. , Morrissey Susan G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSpinal cord transection is associated with the development of detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia in cats. These findings indicate that the cat is a suitable model for the study of lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury. Inhibition of reflex detrusor activity was achieved by activation of a sacral inhibitory pathway by electrical stimulation of the sacral roots or anal sphincter in normal and spinal—injured animals, indicating presence of a sacral inhibitory pathway.
Radioligand binding of 3H‐ATP to membranes derived from rabbit urinary bladder: A preliminary report
Authors: Levin Robert M. , Jacoby Richard , Wein Alan J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUtilizing radioligand‐filtration methodology, we have studied the binding characteristics of 3H‐ATP to membrane preparations of rabbit urinary bladder. In order to avoid ATP hydrolysis, the binding assays had to be carried out at 0°C and utilize tissue concentrations between 1 and 3 mg/ml. Under these conditions, 3H‐ATP binding to bladder homogenates was rapid, reaching equilibrium within 1 minute. The binding showed both divalent ion‐specific (75% of total binding) and independent binding. The specific binding was saturable whereas the divalent ion‐independent binding was not saturable at the concentrations studied.
Drug‐induced responses of canine vesical smooth muscle cells in culture
Authors: Thuroff Joachim W. , Bazeed Mahmoud A. , Schmidt Richard A. , Tanagho Emil A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVesical smooth muscle cells were grown in enzyme‐dispersed cell culture, and contractions of single cells were induced by various exogenous neurotransmitters or analogues. This model may be suitable for studying the physiologic properties of smooth muscle cells in culture and thus cell differentiation and changes under defined conditions of culture. The effects of various drugs on single muscle cells may be compared: The pharmacologic effect on the muscle can thus be judged intrinsically without the interferences inherent in the natural milieu and from pharmacologic effects on the central or peripheral nervous system.
A new video urodynamics: Combined ultrasonotomographic and urodynamic monitoring
Authors: Nishizawa Osamu , Moriya Ltaru , Satoh Sadamoto , Harada Tadashi , Tsuchida Seigi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new video urodynamics to evaluate lower urinary tract function is presented. Video urodynamics was described originally as a combined radiographic and urodynamic monitoring. We describe certain modifications of original method, using the ultrasonotomographic method instead of the radiographic method. The urodynamic data and the simultaneous ultrasonotomography can be displayed through the display controller on the color display monitor. Our technique will be an extremely reliable method for the evaluation of lower urinary tract function.
The urethral pressure profile at rest: An analysis of variance
Authors: Hilton P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractResting urethral pressure protile measurements were carried out by a microtransducer method on 100 women with a variety of urinary symptoms in an attempt to analyse the repeatability and reproducibility of the various protile parameters. The findings were as follows:
The repeatability of parameters was shown to have some dependence on the rate of catheter withdrawal. being optiinal at 15 cm per minute.Profiles recorded by microtransducer showed greater consistency than those recorded by a fluid perfusion method. in terms of the parameters of urethral length.Whilst the fluid perfusion method has previously been shown to have a significant component of variance duc to time. no such time‐dependent component was found with the microtransducer method.Urethral pressures measured by microtransducer do appear to have a significant time‐dependence when recorded during the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age.These findings suggest that the microtransducer method of urethral pressure measurement has a greater diagnostic reliability than the tluid perfusion method. It also has a greater capacity to assess the effects of drugs. hormones. and surgery on the urethral pressure profile. Care must be takcn. however. in the interpretation of pressure variations noted In women in reproductive age groups.
A computer program for the storage and retrieval of urodynamic data
Authors: Woodside Jeffrey R. , Morris F. Max 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe computer is idcally suited for storing and retrieving a large volume of medical data. Described herein is a computer program written for the managemenr of data from patients who have had urodynamic evaluation. The program is highly user‐oriented and requires only minimal training of personnel. The required hardware is reliable and relatively inexpensive. Further. the program is flexible and easily modified for use in other subspecialty areas of urology.
Rapid cystometry in males
Authors: Susset Jacques G. , Ghoniem Gamal M. , Regnier Claude H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRapid injection cystometry is performed by injecting 100 ml of saline into the bladder within three seconds. with continuous pressure recording. The same injection is repeated after the pressure stabilizes. up to bladder capacity which has been determined by a slow CMG performed prior to the test. This test was performed on 70 male patients. Following the rapid rise in intravesical pressure due to the viscoelastic properties of the bladder. three types of detrusor contractions were observed. Type A were single contractions of short amplitude and duration and were always seen in patients with peripheral nerve lesions. Type B were single. coordinated sustained contractions while Type C consisted of polyphasic contractions of variable amplitude and duration. The putential diagnostic usefulness of rapid cystometry is discussed.
Detrusor/sphincter dyssynergia in neurologically normal children
Authors: Griffiths D. J. , Scholtrneijer R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor 143 boys and girls without overt neuropathy, the occurrence of urethral overactivity during voiding (detrusorkphincter dyssynergia) has been investigated in three cystometrically recorded micturitions and a free‐flow measurement. The following aspects have been statistically examined for their reproducibility and consistency in reflecting urethral over‐activity: the pressure/flow relationship, the pelvic‐floor EMG, residual urine, and the freeflow curve. Any single aspect, or any single micturition (even the free‐flow measurement), suggests an unrealistically high incidence of “dyssynergia.” By combining them, however, we have developed a concept of consistent urethral overactivity, which is associated with residual urine, appears to be clinically significant, and has an incidence of 19% in our material. Consistent urethral overactivity has a significantly higher incidence (67%) in children with upper‐tract disease on both sides, suggesting a causative role. In girls, there is a spectrum of dysfunction, ranging from a more serious type, reflected in the presence of residual urine and of consistent urethral overactivity, to a relatively trivial type, without residual urine, associated principally with an abnormally high EMG during voiding and with a history of urinary tract infections. In our material, there is no association between urethral overactivity during voiding and detrusor instability during bladder filling, suggesting that these are two unrelated findings and not two aspects of a single syndrome.
Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter in genuine stress incontinence: A single‐fibre EMG study
Authors: Anderson R. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe motor unit tibre density in the external anal sphincter has been measured in 25 female subjects with genuine stress incontinence and in 14 normal female subjects. The mean fibre density in the normal subjects was 1.5 ± 1.5 and in the incontinent patients 1.95 ± 0.32 (p < 0.002). These findings show objective evidence of denervation of the muscle and suggest that genuine stress incontinence often has a neurogenic aetiology.
The effects of acute overdistention of the rabbit urinary bladder
Authors: Levin Robert M. , Staskin David R. , Wein Alan J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of in vivo acute overdistention on both the metabolic state and the in vitro contractile responses of the rabbit urinary bladder were studied. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was used as an indicator of the metabolic states. The responses of isolated strips of bladder body and base to bethanechol, methoxamine, and isoproterenol were used to assess pharmacologic response. The results of acute overdistention for one hour can be summarized as follows: (1) There was no significant decrease in the intracel Mar stores of high‐energy phosphate (ATP). (2) The cholinergic‐induced contractile response of the bladder body was significantly decreased. After one week of recovery, the cholinergic response returned to control levels. (3) There was a moderate shift in the dose‐response of the bladder base to methoxarnine. After one week of recovery, the response to methoxamine returned to control levels.It is concluded that overdistention produces an immediate dysfunction in the contractile system of the bladder that is not secondary to a reduction in intracellular ATP and is reversible within one week following overdistention.
Computer analysis of the electromyogram of the external urethral sphincter
Authors: Morita Takashi , Kondo Shun , Tsuchida Seigi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe electromyograms of canine external urethral sphincter were recorded and analyzed with a microcomputer (Nihon Koden Co., ATAC 450).There was no observable change in the electromyographic activity of the external urethral sphincter in response to an α‐blocker (phentolamine) or a β‐blocker (propanolol). However, there was complete abolition of electromyographic activity following the administration of neuromuscular blocking agents (suxamethonium or pancuronium).The opinions that the α‐adrenerpic system acts predominantly on the external urethral sphincter via the pudendal nerve cannot be supported by the data obtained in this study.
Urodynamics of refluxing ureters in man
Authors: Jørgensen Troels M. , Djurhuus Jens C. , Sørensen Søren S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeroperative measurements of ureteral pressure, bladder pressure, and ureteral electrornyographic activity were performed during bladder filling in five vesicoureteral reflux patients. A total of seven units were investigated. The investigation supports previous observations that nondilated low‐grade reflux ureters have stable low pressure but react to bladder filling by an increase in the peristaltic activity frequency. Dilated high‐grade reflux ureters also react by an increase in peristaltic rate, but at the same time, the bladder pressure is transmitted to the ureter.
Long‐term urethral catheter drainage and bladder capacity
Authors: Kristiansen Peter , Pompeius Rolf , Wadström Lars B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBladder capacity has been registered with incremental water cystometry in 399 paticnts with continuous long‐term urethral catheter drainage. The duration of cathcter drainage varied from a few weeks to 15 years. The real bladder capacity was assessed by abolishing bladder overactivity, when present, with an IM injection of 50 mg emepronium bromide. Bladder capacity was reduced with increasing duration of catheter drainage. and the relation was statistically significant (p < 0.001). During the first year of catheter drainage there was a fast reduction of real bladder capacity by 12 mlimonth from 360 ml to 220 ml; during the next 8 years a further reduction by 0.8 rnllrnonth to around 150 ml was registered. The significance of this process in the daily care of the patients was evaluated with a questionnaire to the nursing staff. Bladder overactivity, and to a minor degree. reduction of real bladder capacity caused an increased frequency of urinary leakage beside the catheter but influenced neither the frequency of change of catheter nor the discomfort of the patients.
The mechanics of urine transport in the upper urinary tract: 1. The dynamics of the isolated bolus
Authors: Griffiths Derek J. , Notschaele Cyril 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOn the basis of theoretical and experimental results, a simple mechanical framework is developed in which the propagation of the isolated bolus can be understood. It is shown that the pressure in the bolus is determined primarily by the pressure needed to separate the walls of the collapsed ureter, and that the observed variations in the velocity of the leading edge can be accounted for by nonuniformity of the ureteric cross section.
The mechanics of urine transport in the upper urinary tract: 2. The discharge of the bolus into the bladder and dynamics at high rates of flow
Authors: Griffiths Derek J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOn the basis of simple theoretical arguments and experimental results, it is shown that the discharge of the bolus into the bladder is determined by the resistance to flow of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ), which itself depends on the detrusor pressure. If the resistance to flow or the detrusor pressure are too high, or if the ureter is too wide or too weakly contracting, then the UVJ behaves as if obstructive, and bolus flow breaks down. At sufficiently high flow rates the UVJ, even though not obstructive, always governs the flow dynamics, open‐tube flow occurring instead of the isolated bolus flow characteristic of low flow rates. At intermediate rates two other flow regimes can occur: touching or box‐shaped boluses, and leaky bolus flow. In each regime the pelvic pressure varies with mean urine flow rate in a characteristic way.