bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of rice mature seed‐derived callus differentiation
Authors: Yin Lan , Tao Yong , Zhao Kang , Shao Jianmin , Li Xiaobing , Liu Guozhen , Liu Siqi , Zhu Lihuang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCallus differentiation is a key developmental process for rice regeneration from cells. To better understand this complex developmental process, we used a 2‐D gel electrophoresis approach to explore the temporal patterns of protein expression at the early stages during rice callus differentiation. This global analysis detected 60 known proteins out of 79 gel spots identified by MS/MS, of which many had been shown to play a role in plant development. Two new proteins were revealed to be associated with the callus differentiation and have been confirmed by Western blot analysis. The results of proteomics experiments were further verified at the mRNA level using microarray and real‐time PCR. Comparison of the differentially expressed protein levels with their corresponding mRNA levels at the two callus early differentiation stages showed a good correlation between them, indicating that a substantial proportion of protein changes is a consequence of changed mRNA levels, rather than post‐transcriptional effects during callus differentiation, though microarray revealed more expression changes on RNA levels. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms that lead to callus differentiation of rice and other plants as well.
Distribution of ventilation in young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Couriel J. M. , Schier M. , Sc B App , Hutchison A. A. , Phelan P. D. , Landau L. I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe attempted to measure the distribution of ventilation in 24 children who had cystic fibrosis (CF) and 58 control subjects (ages 3.9–6.8 years) using the multiple breath the nitrogen washout (MBNW) test. Moment analysis was performed on the MBNW curve, and the first and second moment ratios were derived. Only 40 (49%) of the children were able to complete the test satisfactorily and success was related to age (P< 0.01). Children who had CF had higher moment ratios, both first and second, than did controls (P< 0.001); also, CF subjects who had more severe symptoms had higher moment ratios than did those who had minimal symptoms (P< 0.005). The first moment ratio had a lower coefficient of variation than did the second (14% vs 31%) and, in 8 children who performed the test in duplicate, it also had a lower index of intrasubject variability (6.4% vs 15.1%). Both ratios were lower than those described in older children and in adults, which is consistent with the more rapid washout seen in this age group. Although moment analysis of the MBNW curve can be performed in approximately 50% of children 4 to 6‐years‐old, the complexity of the test, the apparatus, and the analysis and the high failure rate in children under the age of 6 are likely to restrict its use to research studies in specialized pediatric respiratory laboratories.
Respiratory syncytial virus infections in SR croatia, Yugoslavia
Authors: Mlinarić‐Galinović Gordana , Ugrčić Irena , Božikov Jadranka 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was studied during three consecutive annual outbreaks (1983–1986) in SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. A total of 1,238 subjects were examined, using RSV isolation and immunofluorescent (DTFA) methods, with 1,042 showing the signs of respiratory infection and 207 of these having a positive RSV finding. Generally, the prevalence of mild upper respiratory infection (URTI) was 18%, reaching a peak of 30% at 1 year of age. The prevalence of severe lower respiratory tract infections with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup accounted for 51, 34.4, and 28.3% respectively. The highest incidence of RSV infection among respiratory cases was observed in the first 6 months of life (49.4%), being particularly high at the second month among those with URTI, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup (76.2%). Both sexes were equally susceptible to RSV infection (20.51% females, 19.03% males). RSV infections, seasonal incidence ranged from 25.55 to 30.31% in 1983/84 and 1984/85 respectively and dropped sharply to 8.93% in 1985/86. Pediatr Pulmonol 1987; 3:304–308.
Histamine‐induced airway obstruction in infancy: Changes in oxygenation
Authors: Prendiville Anne , Maxwell David L. , Rose Alison , Silverman Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn seven recurrently wheezy infants who were found to be histamine‐responsive during bronchial challenge, changes in oxygenation (by oximeter and transcutaneous Po2 electrode) and carbon dioxide tension (by transcutaneous Pco2 electrode) were concurrently measured. The histamine challenge consisted of doubling concentrations administered by nebulizer for 1 min at 5‐min intervals, up to a maximum concentration of 8 g/L. The response was determined from maximum expiratory flow using a squeeze technique. Significant mean reductions in transcutaneous oxygen tension of 0.9 ± 0.7 kPa and 1.5 ± 0.9 kPa were seen respectively at half the provoking concentration and at the provoking concentration of histamine that caused a significant reduction in maximum expiratory flow rates. The reduction in oxygen saturation of 4.8 ± 3% was also significant at the provoking concentration. No significant change in transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension was seen. These results suggest that acute histamine‐induced airway obstruction causes significant ventilation/perfusion disturbance in wheezy infants. Oxygen monitoring should be performed during bronchial challenge tests in infancy.
Infants with cystic fibrosis: Pulmonary function at diagnosis
Authors: Tepper Robert S. , Hiatt Peter , Eigen Howard , Scott Peter , Grosfeld Jay , Cohen Mervin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMeconium ileus (MEC), failure to thrive (FTT), and a combination of FTT and pulmonary symptoms (COMB) are the most frequent symptoms of cystic fibrosis (CF) at the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to compare to normal controls (NC) the pulmonary function of CF infants at the time of diagnosis, when grouped by these symptoms. The measurements of pulmonary function included oxygen saturation (SaO2), functional residual capacity (FRC), mixing index (MI), total respiratory system compliance (Crs), and maximal flow at FRC (VmaxFRC).Compared to NC (n = 33), the MEC group (n = 5) had a higher MI (54 vs. 42%) and no difference in SaO2, Crs or VmaxFRC. There were no significant differences between FTT (n = 8) and NC groups although there was a tendency for Crs to be lower in the FTT group (5.1 vs. 6.8 ml/cm H2O). When compared to all other groups, the COMB group (n=11) had significantly lower SaO2, MI, Crs, and VmaxFRC.The normal lung function in the MEC group is consistent with the normal anatomy reported in CF infants dying secondary to meconium ileus. Longitudinal evaluation of the infants in this study, following initiation of care as patients with a diagnosis of CF, may allow us to determine whether symptoms at diagnosis remain an important determinant of lung function in infancy.
Pulmonary mechanics and energetics of normal, non‐ventilated low birthweight infants
Authors: Abbasi Soraya , Bhutani Vinod K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPulmonary mechanics and energetics were determined in 33 healthy low birthweight infants (< 1,500 g, 28–34 weeks gestation) who had never received ventilatory support. Tidal volume, dynamic pulmonary compliance, pulmonary resistance, pressure‐volume relationships, and tidal flow‐volume measurements were obtained by pneumotachography and the esophageal balloon technique. Standardized data collection and software data analysis by least mean squares technique yielded data at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 weeks postnatally, as a function of gestational age (<30, 30–32, and >32 weeks gestation). Relatively stable values were obtained for tidal volume and minute ventilation (normalized for body weight); these were associated with values of peak‐to‐peak esophageal pressure significantly (P < 0.001) increasing from 4.4 ± 0.3 SEM cmH2O at 0.5 weeks to 8.1 ± 0.8 SEM cmH2O at 4 weeks of age. Dynamic pulmonary compliance ranged from 2.0 to 2.4 mL/cmH2O in the first 4 weeks of life. When normalized for weight, compliance decreased with age, which may suggest a slower pulmonary maturation as compared to increase of body weight. Mean pulmonary resistance decreased from 62.9 cmH2O/L/s at <30 weeks gestation to 32.5 cmH2O/L/s at >32 weeks gestation, 0.5 weeks postnatally. Pulmonary resistance peaked at 2 weeks postnatally (P < 0.05), at all gestational ages, then decreased. Changes in pulmonary mechanics resulted in increasing resistive work of breathing. Our findings suggest a postnatal retardation of pulmonary and airway growth, relative to gestation maturation. These data can provide an objective base of comparison for data in sick, low birthweight neonates. Pediatr Pulmonol 1990; 8:89‐95.
Infants with upper respiratory illnesses have significant reductions in maximal expiratory flow
Authors: Martinez Fernando D. , Taussig Lynn M. , Morgan Wayne J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied maximal expiratory flows at functional residual capacity (V̇maxFRC) obtained by use of the chest compression technique in 9 infants who had signs of upper respiratory illness (URI) at the time of testing, and in 9 infants who were symptom‐free but whose parents reported they had a URI in the previous month. When compared to 109 infants with no URI, infants with current URI had 40% lower V̇maxFRC (mean±SD: 125.7 ± 54.5 mL/s vs. 73.6 ± 53.6 mL/s; P < 0.01). Infants with a past URI had mean values for V̇maxFRC (120.2 ± 50.2 mL/s) that were not significantly different from those of infants with no URI. Changes in the shape of the flow‐volume loop analogous to those reported in infants with lower airway obstruction were also noticed in infants with current URI. These findings suggest that, as in older children and adults, clinically unapparent alterations in lower airway function occur during URI in infants. Pediatr Pulmonal 1990; 9:91–95.
What are the mechanisms producing increased ventilation in dead space studies in neonates?
Authors: Upton C. J. , Milner A. D. , Stokes G. M. , Carman P. G. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 21 studies on 15 infants an additional dead space tube produced a significant rise in end‐tidal P and fall in end‐tidal P, associated with a rise in minute ventilation (228 ± 77 mL/kg/min at zero, 348 ± 85 mL/kg/min at one, and 437 ± 128 mL/kg/min at two anatomical dead spaces). The differences between end‐inspiratory and end‐expiratory P and P did not change significantly, suggesting an increase in dead space, but not in alveolar ventilation. In a further 9 babies the rise in ventilation was unchanged when measurements were repeated in 30% oxygen (361 ± 65 vs. 340 ± 54 mL/kg/min at one anatomical dead space). Studies on 8 babies, with the added tube ventilated by a fan, showed that a mean 28% of the rise in minute ventilation was due to increased resistance. Although the response to tube breathing in neonates is complex, carbon dioxide appears to be the major factor producing increased ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonal 1990; 9:136–139.
Pulmonary function following positive pressure ventilation initiated immediately after birth in infants with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Bose Carl , Wood Brian , Bose Gennie , Donlon Deborah , Friedman Mitchell 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCardiopulmonary function following positive pressure ventilation, initiated immediately after birth, was evaluated in 10 very low birthweight infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS; RDS infants). Multiple gas rebreathing methodology was used to measure functional residual capacity (FRC), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and effective pulmonary capillary blood flow (Q̇eff) at 2, 24, and 72 hr of age. Cardiopulmonary function variables were also measured at 2 hr of age in 10 infants of similar birthweight who did not have RDS (non‐RDS infants). In RDS infants, mean FRC at both 2 hr of age (15 mL/kg or 0.42 mL/cm) and 24 hours of age (20 mL/kg or 0.54 mL/cm) was less than published predicted values for healthy infants and significantly less than values in non‐RDS infants at 2 hours of age (29 mL/kg or 0.8 mL/cm). By 72 hr of age, mean FRC in RDS infants rose to predicted. At 2 and 24 hours of age, mean Q̇eff in RDS infants (41 and 38 mL/min/kg, respectively) was below predicted, as well as below the value observed in non‐RDS infants at 2 hr of age (62 mL/min kg). In RDS infants, DLCO remained well below published predicted values throughout the first three days of life. We conclude that early aggressive respiratory therapy does not result in the establishment of normal lung volumes during the first day of life, but it does so by 3 days of age. However, in spite of intubation immediately after birth and the application of continuous positive pressure ventilation during the first 3 days of life, very low birthweight infants with RDS continue to have significant alteration in lung function, evidenced by impaired diffusing capacity of the lung and low arterial‐alveolar oxygen tension ratios. Pediatr Pulmonal 1990; 9:244–250.
Occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes in hospitalized children in Cleveland, Ohio from 1985 to 1988
Authors: Stark James M. , Fatemi S. Hossein , Amini Saeid B. , Huang Yung T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to determine the frequency of occurrence of the two respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtypes in hospitalized children in Cleveland, Ohio, we analyzed clinical isolates obtained during three consecutive winter epidemic seasons between 1985 and 1988. RSV was recovered from the frozen clinical specimens of 197 patients: 176 subtype A, and 21 subtype B. Subtype A predominated during all three epidemic seasons, ranging from 83 to 94% of isolates. We surveyed the clinical records of 16 children with subtype B, and 101 children with subtype A infections, hospitalized at the University Hospitals of Cleveland during these winter epidemics and found no differences in age, sex, race, or clinical spectrum of severity of disease caused by the two subtypes. In contrast to previously reported data, subtype A predominated in each of the winter seasons studied within this community. We conclude that both subtypes circulate concurrently within the community during the winter. In hospitalized children both subtypes appear to cause a similar spectrum of disease. Both the concurrent circulation of RSV subtypes and the similar spectrum of illness pose for important considerations in the development of effective vaccines against this common respiratory agent in children.
Influence of sedation on the hering‐breuer inflation reflex in healthy infants
Authors: Rabbette P. S. , Dezateux C. A. , Fletcher M. E. , Costeloe K. L. , Stocks J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe airway occlusion technique for measuring passive respiratory mechanics in infants relies on an ability to evoke the Hering‐Breuer inflation reflex (HBR). However, the persistence of this reflex beyond the early newborn period remains controversial. We have recently demonstrated that there is no change in the strength of this reflex during the first two months of life in healthy infants during natural sleep. Measurements beyond this immediate newborn period are difficult without sedation, but it is unclear whether sedation itself may influence this reflex.To investigate the influence of sedation, the HBR was measured in 66 healthy, full‐term infants aged 4‐8 weeks. Thirty‐three infants were measured during natural sleep, and 33 after triclofos sodium sedation (75 mg · kg−1). The strength of the HBR was assessed from the change in expiratory time (TE) following brief end‐inspiratory airway occlusion, as compared to TE during spontaneous breathing. The mean increase in TE following occlusion was 89.45% (SD, 29.8; range, 44‐175) in infants sleeping naturally, and 92.42% (SD, 31.2; range, 34‐179) in sedated infants. Using unpaired t tests, no statistically significant difference was found between groups (P = 0.7516). We conclude that the strength of the HBR in healthy infants is not influenced by sedation with triclofos sodium, in doses normally used for lung function testing.
High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in newborn lambs: Effects of increasing airway pressure on intracranial pressures
Authors: Walker Adrian M. , Brodecky Vojta A. , de Preu Nicole D. , Ritchie Blair C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that intracranial pressures and cerebral perfusion pressure in the newborn are more seriously affected by increasing airway pressure during high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) than during conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Mean airway pressure was acutely elevated in stepwise fashion to 25 cm H2O in six anesthetized, paralyzed newborn lambs. Pressure (mean ± SE) increased similarly during HFOV and CMV in the jugular vein (7 ± 1 and 8 ± 1 cm H2O, respectively), the sagittal sinus (6 ± 1 and 7 ± 1 cm H2O), and the cerebrospinal fluid of the lateral ventricle (4 ± 1 and 6 ± 1 cm H2O). Decreases in arterial blood pressure (− 13 ± 2 and − 10 ± 2 cm H2O) and cerebral perfusion pressure (− 17 ± 2 and − 16 ± 2 cm H2O) were also similar during HFOV and CMV. Intracranial pressure−volume curves were generated by incrementing cerebrospinal fluid volume in eight lambs. Curves generated during HFOV and CMV were similar, reflecting a similar intracranial compliance during the two ventilatory modes. These data indicate that intracranial compliace and the effects of increasing airway pressure upon intracranial pressures are not significantly different between HFOV and CMV.
Collagen degradation during postnatal lung growth in rats
Authors: Arden M. G. , Adamson I. Y. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPostnatal lung growth involves remodeling of the structure seen at birth as new alveoli are formed. To determine the role of collagen degradation in this process, in particular of the basement membrane component, we studied the synthesis of total collagen and the degradation of collagen types I or IV in a series of rats from birth to 29 days of age. During the period of rapid cell proliferation to day 11, the collagen level per mg lung did not change though the rate of synthesis increased. Up to 40% of new collagen was rapidly degraded. At the end of the growth phase, the interstitium became thinner and less cellular. Collagen synthesis slowly decreased as the total collagen content increased in the lung, and less than 20% of newly synthesized collagen was degraded. Type I collagenase activity was highest during the cell proliferation phase, though less than 20% was due to active enzyme. In contrast, type IV collagen breakdown, also maximal in the first 11 days, was almost all due to enzymes present in the active form. The results demonstrate that rapid degradation of collagen, particularly the type IV form present in basement membranes, occurs during the early phase of postnatal lung growth. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary impedance as an index of severity and mechanism of neonatal lung disease
Authors: Coates A. L. , Vallinis P. , Mullahoo K. , Seddon P. , Davis G. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe measurement of resistive and elastic components of the respiratory system in neonates has been used to define disease severity and the response to therapy. The lung resistance RJ and dynamic lung compliance (CLdyn) partition the impediment to gas flow into two components, each of which may be altered independently. The concept of lung impedance (ZLdyn) is the combined effect of the elastic and resistive loads presented to the respiratory muscles, which determines the gas flow that will result from the pressures generated by the respiratory muscles. In a first order system where RL and C Ldyn are single values (independent of volume or respiratory rate), is the vector sum of the reactive [1/(2πfb × CLdyn)] and resistive (RJ components at the infant's breathing rate (fb), if the transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) generated by the respiratory muscles during spontaneous respiration can be modeled mathematically by a sinusoidal function. Furthermore, the phase angle (θ) between the impedance and the resistive component will represent the relative magnitude of the resistive and reactive components. The validity of this model can be established by comparing the calculated θ to the observed temporal difference (measured θ) between the Ptp and flow derived from the polygraph tracing. This hypothesis was tested in 10 spontaneously breathing neonates with lung disease of differing etiology and severity. No significant difference was found between the measured and calculated θ values (mean difference, 1.2 ± 3.9). The ZLdyn value varied between 68 and 216 cmH2O/L/s; calculated θ varied between 71° and 33° (mean, 65° ± 5° in respiratory distress syndrome and 44° ± 9° in bronchopulmonary dysplasia) with flow always leading Ptp. These results validate the use of (ZLdyn) in spontaneously breathing infants to represent the magnitude of the respiratory load presented by the lung (not including the chest wall), while θ is related to the disease process. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:41–49. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the effects of acetazolamide and aminophylline on apnea incidence and on ventilatory response to CO2, in preterm infants
Authors: Cordoba Enoch , Gerhardt Tilo , Rojas Mario , Duara Shahnaz , Bancalari Eduardo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAcetazolamide (ACTZ) reduces sleep apnea in adults exposed to high altitude and augments the ventilatory response to CO2. In order to determine the effect of ACTZ on the ventilatory response to CO2 and the incidence of apnea in preterm infants, 7 infants (BW, 1070 ± 191 g; postnatal age, 9 ± 7 days) were randomized to receive ACTZ (5 mg/kg/dose 06h for 36 hr) and 7 infants (BW, 1092 ± 292 g; post‐natal age, 5 ± 2 days) received aminophylline (AMINO; 8 mg/kg bolus then 2.5 mg/kg Q12h for 36 hr). Minute ventilation (VE), end‐tidal CO2, (P), ventilatory response to CO2 number of apneic episodes (≥15 sec duration), and arterial blood gases were measured before and 24–36 hr after starting therapy. In the AMINO group there was a significant decrease in apnea frequency from 6 ± 1 to 2 ± 2 episodes over an 8 hr epoch (P < 0.05), while no significant change was observed in the ACTZ group. The end‐tidal CO2, decreased significantly from 44 ± 7 to 38 ± 6 mmHg in the AMINO group and from 47 ± 5 to 36 ± 5 mmHg in the ACTZ (P < 0.05), which lead to a shift to the left of the CO2,‐response curve in both groups. The slope of the CO2, response curve did not change Significantly in the AMINO group and decreased in the ACTZ group. There was a significant decrease of pH from 7.43 to 7.26 in the ACTZ group, whereas in the AMINO group pH increased from 7.38 to 7.44. No significant changes in VE, tidal volume, respiratory rate, lung compliance, or resistance were observed with treatment in any of the two groups. These findings demonstrate that both AMINO and ACTZ decreased end‐tidal CO2 and caused a shift of the CO2 response curve to the left. Despite these similar effects, ACTZ did not have an effect on apnea incidence. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:291–295. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.