bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy combined with Toupet fundoplication (T‐sleeve): A short report of a Japanese obesity patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Uno Kohei , Masuda Takahiro , Watanabe Atsushi , Sato Kazuhide , Fukushima Naoko , Ishikawa Yoshitaka , Takahashi Keita , Shirai Yoshihiro , Haruki Koichiro , Yuda Masami , Fujisaki Muneharu , Tanishima Yuichiro , Yano Fumiaki , Eto Ken 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most frequently performed procedure in bariatric–metabolic surgery (BMS) worldwide, accounting for approximately 90% of BMS procedures in Japan. While numerous studies have reported on the safety and efficacy of LSG, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains a major postoperative complication. Although Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is preferred for severe obesity with GERD, it is less suitable for Japanese patients who have a higher risk of gastric cancer due to the remnant stomach which is difficult to observe with esophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopy. To address de novo and exacerbation GERD after LSG, we conducted LSG with Toupet fundoplication (T‐sleeve) for Japanese patients with severe obesity. In our first T‐sleeve case, the patient demonstrated sufficient weight loss and improved GERD following surgery. Hence, we suggest that T‐sleeve is a feasible option for Japanese patients with obesity and concurrent GERD.
Wilding cities for biodiversity and people: a transdisciplinary framework
Authors: Bonthoux Sébastien , Chollet Simon 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAccelerating urbanisation and associated lifestyle changes result in loss of biodiversity and diminished wellbeing of people through fewer direct interactions and experiences with nature. In this review, we propose the notion of urban wilding (the promotion of autonomous ecological processes that are independent of historical land‐use conditions, with minimal direct human maintenance and planting interventions) and investigate its propensity to improve biodiversity and people–nature connections in cities. Through a large interdisciplinary synthesis, we explore the ecological mechanisms through which urban wilding can promote biodiversity in cities, investigate the attitudes and relations of city dwellers towards urban wild spaces, and discuss the integration of urban wilding into the fabric of cities and its governance. We show that favouring assembly spontaneity by reducing planting interventions, and functional spontaneity by limiting maintenance practices, can promote plant diversity and provide ecological resources for numerous organisms at habitat and city scales. These processes could reverse biotic homogenisation, but further studies are needed to understand the effects of wilding on invasive species and their consequences. From a socio‐ecological perspective, the attitudes of city dwellers towards spontaneous vegetation are modulated by successional stages, with grassland and woodland stages preferred, but dense shrubby vegetation stages disliked. Wild spaces can diversify physical interactions with nature, and enrich multi‐sensory, affective and cognitive experiences of nature in cities. However, some aspects of wild spaces can cause anxiety, feeling unsafe, and the perception of abandonment. These negative attitudes could be mitigated by subtle design and maintenance interventions. While nature has long been thought of as ornamental and instrumental in cities, urban wilding could help to develop relational and intrinsic values of nature in the fabric of cities. Wildness and its singular aesthetics should be combined with cultural norms, resident uses and urban functions to plan and design urban spatial configurations promoting human–non‐human cohabitation. For urban wilding to be socially just and adapted to the needs of residents, its implementation should be backed by inclusive governance opening up discussion forums to residents and urban workers. Scientists can support these changes by collaborating with urban actors to design and experiment with new wild spaces promoting biodiversity and wellbeing of people in cities.
Molecular subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma present distinct immune tumor microenvironments
Authors: Fukuda Hironori , Arai Kosuke , Mizuno Hideaki , Nishito Yukari , Motoi Noriko , Arai Yasuhito , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Sonobe Yukiko , Kayukawa Yoko , Hashimoto Eri , Takahashi Mina , Fujii Etsuko , Maruyama Toru , Kuwabara Kenta , Nishizawa Takashi , Mizoguchi Yukihiro , Yoshida Yukihiro , Watanabe Shun‐ichi , Yamashita Makiko , Kitano Shigehisa , Sakamoto Hiromi , Nagata Yuki , Mitsumori Risa , Ozaki Kouichi , Niida Shumpei , Kanai Yae , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Tsukada Keisuke , Yabuki Nami , Shimada Mei , Kitazawa Takehisa , Natori Osamu , Sawada Noriaki , Kato Atsuhiko , Yoshida Teruhiko , Yasuda Kazuki , Ochiai Atsushi , Tsunoda Hiroyuki , Aoki Kazunori 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOvercoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is an important issue in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transcriptome analysis shows that adenocarcinoma can be divided into three molecular subtypes: terminal respiratory unit (TRU), proximal proliferative (PP), and proximal inflammatory (PI), and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSQ) into four. However, the immunological characteristics of these subtypes are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the immune landscape of NSCLC tissues in molecular subtypes using a multi‐omics dataset, including tumor‐infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) analyzed using flow cytometry, RNA sequences, whole exome sequences, metabolomic analysis, and clinicopathologic findings. In the PI subtype, the number of TILs increased and the immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was activated, as indicated by high levels of tertiary lymphoid structures, and high cytotoxic marker levels. Patient prognosis was worse in the PP subtype than in other adenocarcinoma subtypes. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression levels were upregulated and lactate accumulated in the TME of the PP subtype. This could lead to the formation of an immunosuppressive TME, including the inactivation of antigen‐presenting cells. The TRU subtype had low biological malignancy and “cold” tumor‐immune phenotypes. Squamous cell carcinoma (LUSQ) did not show distinct immunological characteristics in its respective subtypes. Elucidation of the immune characteristics of molecular subtypes could lead to the development of personalized immune therapy for lung cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors could be an effective treatment for the PI subtype. Glycolysis is a potential target for converting an immunosuppressive TME into an antitumorigenic TME in the PP subtype.
Flawed MIREC fluoride and intelligence quotient publications: A failed attempt to undermine community water fluoridation
Authors: Guichon Juliet R. , Cooper Colin , Rugg‐Gunn Andrew , Dickinson James A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the evidence presented in a set of articles that use the Canadian Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study database to claim that community water fluoridation (CWF) is associated with harm to foetal and infant cognitive development.MethodsCritical appraisal of measurements and processes in the MIREC database, and articles derived therefrom. MIREC's cohort is approximately 2000 pregnant women recruited in 10 centres across Canada, 2008–2011, leading to measuring 512 children aged 3–6 years in six cities. Fluoride exposure was measured by city fluoridation status, self‐reports and maternal spot urine samples. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was measured using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI‐III) by different assessors in each city.ResultsMIREC's fluoride and IQ measurements are invalid and therefore cannot support the claim that CWF is associated with IQ decline in children.ConclusionsThe MIREC fluoride‐IQ articles' results should be considered unacceptable for legal and policy purposes; other water fluoridation studies and systematic reviews show no effect of fluoridation on cognition.
Economic evaluation of a water fluoridation scheme in Cumbria, UK
Authors: Whittaker William , Goodwin Michaela , Bashir Saima , Sutton Matt , Emsley Richard , Kelly Michael P. , Tickle Martin , Walsh Tanya , Pretty Iain A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe addition of fluoride to community drinking water supplies has been a long‐standing public health intervention to improve dental health. However, the evidence of cost‐effectiveness in the UK currently lacks a contemporary focus, being limited to a period with higher incidence of caries. A water fluoridation scheme in West Cumbria, United Kingdom, provided a unique opportunity to study the contemporary impact of water fluoridation. This study evaluates the cost‐effectiveness of water fluoridation over a 5–6 years follow‐up period in two distinct cohorts: children exposed to water fluoridation in utero and those exposed from the age of 5.MethodsCost‐effectiveness was summarized employing incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER, cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained). Costs included those from the National Health Service (NHS) and local authority perspective, encompassing capital and running costs of water fluoridation, as well as NHS dental activity. The measure of health benefit was the QALY, with utility determined using the Child Health Utility 9‐Dimension questionnaire. To account for uncertainty, estimates of net cost and outcomes were bootstrapped (10 000 bootstraps) to generate cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves and sensitivity analysis performed with alternative specifications.ResultsThere were 306 participants in the birth cohort (189 and 117 in the non‐fluoridated and fluoridated groups, respectively) and 271 in the older school cohort (159 and 112, respectively). In both cohorts, there was evidence of small gains in QALYs for the fluoridated group compared to the non‐fluoridated group and reductions in NHS dental service cost that exceeded the cost of fluoridation. For both cohorts and across all sensitivity analyses, there were high probabilities (>62%) of water fluoridation being cost‐effective with a willingness to pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY.ConclusionsThis analysis provides current economic evidence that water fluoridation is likely to be cost‐effective. The findings contribute valuable contemporary evidence in support of the economic viability of water fluoridation scheme.
Altered functional connectivity of brainstem nuclei in new daily persistent headache: Evidence from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wang Wei , Qiu Dong , Mei Yanliang , Bai Xiaoyan , Yuan Ziyu , Zhang Xue , Xiong Zhonghua , Tang Hefei , Zhang Peng , Zhang Yaqing , Yu Xueying , Wang Zhe , Ge Zhaoli , Sui Binbin , Wang Yonggang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe new daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a rare primary headache disorder. However, the underlying mechanisms of NDPH remain incompletely understood. This study aims to apply seed‐based analysis to explore the functional connectivity (FC) of brainstem nuclei in patients with NDPH using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThe FC analysis from the region of interest (ROI) to whole brain voxels was used to investigate 29 patients with NDPH and 37 well‐matched healthy controls (HCs) with 3.0 Tesla MRI. The 76 nuclei in the brainstem atlas were defined as ROIs. Furthermore, we explored the correlations between FC and patients' clinical characteristics and neuropsychological evaluations.ResultsPatients with NDPH exhibited reduced FC in multiple brainstem nuclei compared to HCs (including right inferior medullary reticular formation, right mesencephalic reticular formation, bilateral locus coeruleus, bilateral laterodorsal tegmental nucleus‐central gray of the rhombencephalon, median raphe, left medial parabrachial nucleus, periaqueductal gray, and bilateral ventral tegmental area‐parabrachial pigmented nucleus complex) and increased FC in periaqueductal gray. No significant correlations were found between the FC of these brain regions and clinical characteristics or neuropsychological evaluations after Bonferroni correction (p > 0.00016).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that patients with NDPH have abnormal FC of brainstem nuclei involved in the perception and regulation of pain and emotions.
Supporting faculty development for obesity education: A National Survey of United States family medicine residency programme directors
Authors: Gabison Jonathan , Palazzolo Beatrice , Saleh Christina , Ritchie Olivia , Sheehan Kayla , Othman Amal , Harper Diane M. , Oshman Lauren 
Published: March 2024

SummaryObesity is the most common chronic condition in the United States (US), yet primary care physicians face barriers in providing obesity treatment. This study examines the prevalence of American Board of Obesity Medicine (ABOM) certified obesity specialists on the faculty of US Family Medicine residency training programmes, the preparedness of graduating resident physicians to treat obesity, and residency training programme director preferences for supporting faculty development to improve residency education in obesity management. This cross‐sectional on‐line survey of programme directors addressed the number of ABOM‐certified faculty, perceived graduate preparedness to treat obesity, and priorities to improve faculty expertise and obesity curriculum. Of 672 eligible programme directors, 298 (44%) responded to our survey. Most programmes (76%) had no ABOM‐certified faculty. The proportion of programme directors assessing their graduates as prepared to care for patients with obesity has significantly decreased in the last 5 years (2018: 74%, 2022: 58%, p = .016). Residents in programmes with ABOM‐certified faculty member were more likely to be assessed as very prepared to provide medical care (18% vs. 7.8% p = .047). A majority (54%) of programme directors identified limited faculty training and expertise as the biggest faculty and resident‐level barrier to quality obesity care. This study demonstrates an important trend towards increasing ABOM‐certification among Family Medicine residency programme faculty and an urgent need to prioritise faculty development to improve faculty expertise and resident training to address the obesity epidemic.
Numerous multinucleated giant cells in cutaneous epithelioid angiosarcoma and pulmonary metastasis: A unique observation with potential diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Kanatani Yushi , Mitsui Yasuhiro , Ogawa Kohei , Takeda Maiko , Miyagawa Fumi , Shinkuma Satoru , Kawaguchi Takeshi , Fukumoto Takaya , Asada Hideo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe histopathologic diagnosis of poorly differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma can be challenging. We report a case of cutaneous epithelioid angiosarcoma with numerous multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) developing pulmonary metastasis. A 79‐year‐old man presented with a red–purple plaque on the scalp. A skin biopsy revealed epithelioid cell proliferation, admixed with numerous MGCs, and background hemorrhage. Vascular spaces were focally present and lined by atypical endothelial cells, including MGCs. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells, including MGCs, were positive for CD31, D2‐40, and ERG. The patient received radiation therapy and chemotherapy, after which a follow‐up CT scan revealed symptomless pneumothorax and pulmonary metastases. The patient received palliative partial lung resection, and the specimen revealed histopathological and immunohistochemical features similar to the primary cutaneous lesion. Our report expands the morphologic spectrum of cutaneous epithelioid angiosarcoma. Cutaneous angiosarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm; thus, awareness of this rare manifestation is important.
What is new in the 2023 European Society of Endodontology S3‐level clinical practice guidelines?
Authors: Immich Felipe , Cotti Elisabetta , Pirani Chiara , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe European Society of Endodontology published in 2023, the S3‐level clinical practice guidelines, which supersede the Quality Guidelines for Endodontic Treatment published in 2006.ObjectivesThis review aims to summarize and compare the above guidelines to support their dissemination.MethodA narrative synthesis of the main differences alongside tabulation according to the main themes.ResultsThree tables were prepared according to the following themes: diagnosis of pulpal and apical condition; treatment of pulpitis; and treatment of nonvital pulp and apical periodontitis.ConclusionsA compared and simplified message regarding the most recent clinical practice guidelines has been prepared.RegistrationNot applicable as a narrative review.
ABCs begin with ZEB2
Authors: Knox James J , Cancro Michael P 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAge‐associated B cells (ABCs) are a stable subset of memory B lymphocytes that develop during microbial infections and in autoimmune diseases. Despite growing appreciation of their phenotypic and functional characteristics, the transcriptional networks involved in ABC fate commitment and maintenance have remained elusive. In their recent publication, Dai et al. tackle this problem, leveraging both mouse models and human diseases to reveal zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) as a key transcriptional regulator of ABC lineage specification. In aggregate, their results show that ZEB2, a member of the zinc finger E homeobox binding family, promotes ABC differentiation by repressing alternative differentiative fates and targeting genes important for ABC character and function. Moreover, their results strengthen the case for causal links between ABC fate and function in autoimmune pathologies.
Efficiency analysis in two‐stage data envelopment analysis with shared resources and undesirable outputs: an application in the banking sector
Authors: Amirteimoori Alireza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn classic and traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, the production process is considered as single stage process and the internal structures have been ignored. In many real‐world occasions, however, the processes have two‐ or multi‐stage structures with or without shared resources. Two‐stage DEA models deal with the calculation of the technical efficiency of a system, taking into consideration its internal structures. In this contribution, we consider a two‐stage production process in which both stages are fed by shared resources, and there are undesirable products from the second stage. In the model we will propose, an optimal split on shared resources is given. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, data on 40 bank branches in seven years 2014–2020 is presented. In our real application in the banking sector, we find out that the most important sources of inefficiency of bank branches are related to interest revenue and overdue debt (undesirable output). Moreover, we saw that almost all branches were inefficient in the second stage (sale and service section) in all the seven years of evaluation.
Estimation of heritability with genomic information by method R
Authors: Hollifield Mary Kate , Lourenco Daniela , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEstimating heritabilities with large genomic models by established methods such as restricted maximum likelihood (REML) or Bayesian via Gibbs sampling is computationally expensive. Alternatively, heritability can be estimated indirectly by method R and by maximum predictivity, referred to as MaxPred here, at a much lower computing cost. By method R, the heritability used for predictions with whole and partial data is considered the best estimate when the predictions based on partial data are unbiased relative to those with the complete data. By MaxPred, the heritability estimate is the one that maximizes predictivity. This study compared heritability estimation with genomic information using average information REML (AI–REML), method R and MaxPred. A simulated population was generated with ten generations of 5000 animals each and an effective population size of 80. Each animal had one record for a trait with a heritability of 0.3, a phenotypic variance of 10.0 and was genotyped at 50 k SNP. In method R, the heritability estimate is found when the expectation of a regression coefficient is equal to one. The regression is the EBV of selection candidates calculated with the whole dataset regressed on the EBV of candidates calculated from a partial dataset. In this study, we used the GBLUP framework and therefore, GEBV was calculated. The partial dataset was created by removing the last generation of phenotypes. Predictivity was defined as the correlation between the adjusted phenotypes of the selection candidates and their GEBV calculated from the partial data. We estimated the heritability for populations that included between three and 10 generations. In every scenario, predictivity increased as more data was used and was the highest at the simulated heritability. However, the predictivity for all data subsets and all heritabilities compared did not differ more than 0.01, suggesting MaxPred is not the best indication for heritability estimation. For the whole dataset, the heritability was estimated as 0.30 ± 0.01, 0.26 ± 0.01 and 0.30 ± 0.04 for AI–REML without genomics, AI–REML with genomics and method R with genomics, respectively. Heritability estimation with genomics by method R reduced timing by 83%, implying a reduction in computing time from 9.5 to 1.6 h, on average, compared to AI–REML with genomics. Method R has the potential to estimate heritabilities with large genomic information at a low cost when many generations of animals are present; however, the standard error can be high when only a few iterations are used.
Polypharmacy and risk of fractures in older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Gagnon Marie‐Eve , Talbot Denis , Tremblay Florence , Desforges Katherine , Sirois Caroline 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFractures have serious health consequences in older adults. While some medications are individually associated with increased risk of falls and fractures, it is not clear if this holds true for the use of many medications (polypharmacy). We aimed to identify what is known about the association between polypharmacy and the risk of fractures in adults aged ≥65 and to examine the methods used to study this association.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review with narrative synthesis of studies published up to October 2023 in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, then performed data extraction and quality assessment.ResultsAmong the 31 studies included, 11 different definitions of polypharmacy were used and were based on three medication counting methods (concurrent use 15/31, cumulative use over a period 6/31, daily average 3/31, and indeterminate 7/31). Overall, polypharmacy was frequent and associated with higher fracture risk. A dose–response relationship between increasing number of medications and increased risk of fractures was observed. However, only seven studies adjusted for major confounders (age, sex, and chronic disease). The quality of the studies ranged from poor to high.ConclusionsPolypharmacy appears to be a relevant modifiable risk factor for fractures in older individuals that can easily be used to identify those at risk. The diversity of medication calculation methods and definitions of polypharmacy highlights the importance of a detailed methodology to understand and compare results.