bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PATHOGENESIS OF SO‐CALLED CONGENITAL ANEURYSMS OF THE BRAIN*,**
Authors: Sugai Masayoshi , Shoji Munesuke 
Published: January 2009

The major and minute aneurysms of the cerebral arteries were investigated by means of morphological and statistical examination methods in a series consisting of 100 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, 28 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, and 54 cases of other diseases.It was found that the VP of Rotter et al. first develops at the proximal part of the arterial fork and its distal part distends secondarily to the VP‐formation resulting in the formation of a minute aneurysm. Thereafter with the lapse of age, the minute aneurysm becomes increased in size in addition to arteriosclerotic changes and the saccular or so‐called congenital aneurysm is formed. During this process congenital or acquired factors promoting the aneurysm‐formation are also superimposed corporately with each other. As local factors circle anomalies of Willis, thinness and development of VP of cerebral arteries, retrograde or complicated branching, widening of the fork angle at bifurcation, etc. and as bodily systemic factor hypertension with aging process are mentioned, and some of them may also act favorably for the development of VP. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 139–160, 1968.
ANALYSIS OF ANTI‐TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY OF TUMOR
Authors: Itoh Tetsuo 
Published: January 2009

In allogeneic immunity against tumors induced by methylcholanthrene in the W/KA strain rat, serum antibody agglutinated red blood cells of the W/KA strain rat. The allogeneic antiserum was cytotoxic to the lymphocyte, but not to the tumor cells induced by methylcholanthrene.In vitro and in vivo studies of allogeneic immunization of tumor suggested that immune macrophages or histiocytes play a major role in the rejection of transplanted tumor. Direct adhesion of immune macrophages with target cells is necessary for destruction of allografted tumor.In antitransplantation immunity of the syngeneic and autochthonous rat, there was no cytotoxic serum antibody demonstrable in so far as routine techniques were employed. However, this may not exclude the existence of specific serum antibody or non‐cytotoxic reaction with target cells of specific serum antibody. On the other hand, immune macrophages were always cytotoxic to target tumor cells, thus showing tumor specifity.Experiment in which diffusion chambers were inserted into syngeneic immune rats suggested the possible participation of a humoral factor which was released from the immune rats immediately after contact with target cells and transform normal macrophages to immunologically active macrophages. The ascites macrophages have the greatest effective cytotoxic action among the three types of cells. In allogeneic tumor immunity, one immune macrophage can damage one target tumor cell showing single hit interaction. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 207–225, 1968.
ON THE VASCULAR LESIONS OF THROMBOTIC THROM‐BOCYTOPENIC PURPURA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS PATHOGENESIS*
Authors: Sugiyama Taketoshi 
Published: January 2009

Morphological studies were made on the vascular lesions of five cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and those of other diseases as control.The occurrence of thrombi at the bifurcations of arteriolocapillary junctions was characteristic of this disease. The side of thrombus attachment strongly suggested the important role of blood flow in the establishment of the thrombi. The granular nature, contraction and end‐othelialization process of an early thrombus, together with the lack of evidence of an increased vascular permeability at the bases of early granular thrombi suggested that the mural thrombi characteristically observed in this disease were formed as a consequence of organization process of minute intravascular platelet aggregations established on the endothelial cells at the bifurcation. The possible mechanism of endothelial involvement at the bifurcation, probably a fundamental event in this disease, was discussed from the view of immune disorder of vascular endothelium.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON BANTI'S SYNDROME
Authors: Fukuda Yoshiro 
Published: January 2009

The liver and spleen of forty‐three autopsy and eighty‐one operated cases with Banti's syndrome and the control cases were examined histopathologically and histometrically, and the obtained results are summerized as follows.There were flbrosis, cirrhosis and schistosomiasis of liver in Banti's syndrome. Nearly two‐thirds of the cases showed liver fibrosis.In all the cases of liver fibrosis with Banti's syndrome, the diameter‐ratio of intrahepatic portal vein and hepatic artery in the aame periportal area was smaller than that of the control. Additional thrombosis of fibrously thickened stenotic portal vein was observed in intrahepatic as well as extrahepatic.Definite contribution of biliary diseases, especially cholangitis, to thickening and stenosis of the portal veins, especially in the peripheral portion was emphasized.Histopathologically, the spleens showed severer changes of splenic tissues in Banti's syndrome than those in cirrhosis of liver and cardiac diseases.Histometrical examinations of the spleena with Banti'a syndrome revealed increase in total of all tissue elements, especially red pulp, which was composed of increased total pulp cords and sinuses with smaller sectional areas.Three dimensional structure of the sinuses of the Banti's spleens revealed a more complicated structure, more anastomosis and blindly ended sinuses than that with cirrhosis of liver.
ANALYSIS OF CELL‐MEDIATED IMMUNE REACTIONS TO SYNGENEIC MOUSE TUMORS IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Kikuchi Kokichi , Reiner Julius , Southam Chester M. 
Published: January 2009

Destruction of Methylcholanthrene‐induced mouse sarcomas in tissue culture was mediated by lymphoid cells from syngeneic mice immunized with the same tumor. Serum or ascitic fluid from the same mouse had no effect. Complement was not required for the reaction. Target tumor cell monolayers growing on Millipore filters were destroyed by immune lymphoid cells added on the other side of the filter.The results suggest that some diffusible substance(s) elaborated by immune lymphoid cells plays an important role in ‘cell‐mediated’ immune reactions in the syngeneic tumor‐host system.
ELECTRON‐HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE LYSOSOME SYSTEM IN ASCITES HEPATOMA AH 13 CELLS
Authors: Sasaki Mitsuo , Takeuchi Tadao 
Published: January 2009

Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 13 cells were investigated by electron‐microscopy and by electron‐histochemistry combined with the metal precipitation technique for acid phosphatase, especially giving attention to the changes of lysosome system associated with enzyme activity.Abundant deposition of intracellular glycogen appeared not only in form of rosettes, but also more frequently in monoparticulate fashion. Acid phosphatase activity was detectable in vacuolated lysosomes, but their intracellular distribution was a little more random in contrast with that of pericanalicular lysosomes of normal liver cells. In addition, the tumor cell lysosomes appeared slightly irregular in size compared with those of hepatocytes. So‐called myelin figures which were occasionally encountered In the tumor cell cytoplasm were also stainable for acid phosphatase. It is worth mentioning that the Golgi apparatus of AH 13 cells was also acid phosphatase positive contrary to the negative finding in Golgi apparatus of normal liver cells.Glycogen‐containing lysosomes (glycogenosomes) were often found within or in the vicinity of cytoplasmic glycogen areas. The engulfed glycogen particles sometimes lost their granularity and high density, and became amorphous in appearance suggesting their lytic process within the organelle. In quite rare cases, glycogenosome membranes were stained for acid phosphatase.The metabolism in lysosome system of AH 13 cells seems to be considerably different from that of normal liver cells.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE CEREBELLUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CALCIFICATION OF THE PURKINJE CELL DENDRITES
Authors: Ishida Yoichi , Hashiba Yukiko , Narita Tadao , Tahara Sumie 
Published: January 2009

Changes produced by intracerebral injection of alum phosphate and by administration of lead carbonate via maternal milk in the cerebellum of rats and rabbits were examined by light and electron microscopy.Two different types of degeneration of Purkinje cells were described. The first type of change was of Alzheimer's neurotibrillary change and was found in the cerebellum of alum‐treated rabbits. It appeared as a focal cytoplasmic clearing of the Purkinje cell bodies and their major dendrites. The areas of clearing displayed marked argentophilia.The second type of change in Purkinje cells was calcification of Purkinje cell dendrites. It was found both in animals with alum and lead encephalopathy. In routinely stained sections, it appeared as collections of tiny granules, rounded and club‐shaped bodies, or it had a bushy appearance (Pentschew) in the molecular layer. By electron microscopy this formation appeared as dense aggregates. The agglomerations were found to consist of small dense spheres, amorphous oval bodies and occasionally of closely packed needle‐shaped crystallines. It was suggested that calcification starts from the most peripheral portion of the Purkinje cell dendrites and extends later over the large areas of the cytoplasm. Abnormalities were also found in the synaptic connections of the Purkinje cell dendrites with axon terminals of the surrounding neuropil.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON HUMAN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS‐COMPARISON BETWEEN HYPERTENSIVE AND NORMOTENSIVE GROUPS
Authors: Takebayashi Shigeo , Kamio Akinori 
Published: January 2009

Systematic observation of arteriosclerosis by electron microscope was made on small arteries and arterioles of the stomach which were respected from 5 hypertensive cases and 6 normotensive cases who underwent surgery for gastric carcinoma or ulcer and which were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde. Concurrently, three rabbits were used for animal experiments. Upon placing electrodes in the gastric wall of the rabbits, electric stimulation with 2.0 volt D.C. was repeated intermittently during the period of 5 to 12 days.Repeated contraction of vessels resulted in crush‐up effect of smooth muscle cells beneath the internal elastic lamina and in transition of irregularly minced cytoplasms into small osmophilic particles. At the same time dark cells appeared among the smooth muscle cells in the vicinity. The same findings were frequently noted in the lesions of gastric artery of man particularly in the hypertensive group. It was apparent that repeated angiospasm is an important factor for the histogenesis of sclerotic vascular lesion.The cells proliferating beneath the endothelial cells in arteriosclerosis were smooth muscle cells, and the direction of the proliferated smooth muscle cell layers did not necessarily conform with that of the media. They originated in the media and penetrated through the fenestrae of the internal elastic lamina.Fibrinoid necrosis and hyalinous thickening of arterioles were observed fairly frequently in the hypertensive group but always accompanied with intensive irregular atrophy or disappearance of the medial smooth muscle cells.Vascular lesions with initial thickening showed formation of new elastic lamina most of which was elastic fibers consisting of microfibrillar components. The additional formation of elastic fibers was particularly strong in the hypertensive group as the whole.
LETTERER‐SIWE DISEASE AND EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA CASE REPORT INCLUDING THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL FINDINGS OF THE HISTIOCYTES PROLIFERATING IN THESE DISORDERS
Authors: Kondo Yoichiro , Tomioka Hisao , Itoh Mitsumasa 
Published: January 2009

Two autopsy cases of Letterer‐Siwe disease and a bone lesion of eosinophilic granuloma obtained at surgical operation have been presented.Electron microscopic examination of the skin lesion of one case of Letterer‐Siwe disease revealed that the histiocytes accumulating in the dermis contained characteristic Langerhans cell granules. The number of granules was variable due probably to cell maturation or activity. Similar histiocytes containing the Langerhans cell granules were observed in the bone lesion of eosinophilic granuloma.From this, it is assumed that the histocytes in these disorders have a common functional property.In addition, the possible origin of the epidermal Langerhans cell was also discussed in relation to these findings.
RETICULUM CELL SARCOMA OF THE THYROID—A CASE REPORT—
Authors: Kirshbaum Jack D. , Matsuo Takeshi , Nishimura Ryusuke 
Published: January 2009

A case report of a reticulum cell sarcoma of the thyroid is presented. The replacement of the thyroid except for the left upper lobe by a solid tumor mass suggested the thyroid as a primary site. The tumor involved the surrounding strap muscles and trachea. Lymph nodes were only minimally involved. In a review of 152 autopsy cases of malignant lymphoma from the files of ABCC in Nagasaki and Hiroshima, the thyroid showed focal interstitial infiltrations in 20 cases: reticulum cell sarcoma in 9, lymphosarcoma in 9 and Hodgkin's disease in 2. In only one case was a solid tumor (0.3 cm) found in the thyroid. The diagnostic features of primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the thyroid and its distinguishing features from the small cell carcinoma are discussed.The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid must be based upon the gross and histological features. The clinical history and the anatomic distribution of this disease may also be of diagnostic aid in the final diagnosis.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY—REPORT OF A CASE WITH AUTOPSY FINDINGS—
Authors: Takayama Kazuo , Yagawa Kanichi , Takahashi Akiko , Nishio Hironori , Sudo Morio , Sasaki Nobuyuki , Yoshida Toru , Satoh Masanobu , Abiko Hisaaki , Nunokawa Akio , Okazaki Mitsuo 
Published: January 2009

A typical case of the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy with autopsy findings was presented. Changes in the myocardial and smooth muscle of many organs were found, and the skeletal muscles also revealed florid changes.Histopathological examination of the skeletal muscle was made in detail through light and electron microscopic observation.
THE LOCALIZATION OF ANTI‐HEART ANTIBODIES TO HEART TISSUE IN RATS AND RABBITS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INDUCTION OF GRANULOMA OF ASCHOFF BODY TYPE
Authors: Tomioka Hisao 
Published: January 2009

Granulomatous cardiac lesion of Aschoff body type was produced in rabbits which had been hyperimmunized with duck γ‐globulin followed by an injection of anti‐rabbit‐heart duck antibody. Normal rabbits injected with the same anti‐heart antibody did not show any tissue damage. The localization of anti‐heart antibody was studied by fluorescent antibody technique: In hyperimmunized rabbits myocardial and sarcolemmal localization of duck γ‐globulin was detected, whereas no heart localization of duck γ‐globulin was found in normal rabbit. These results indicate that the permeability change of blood vessels is essential to provide the direct reaction of anti‐heart antibody and heart tissue.Similar studies were performed in rats using rabbit anti‐rat‐heart antibody with comparable results.Although quantitative methods to assay anti‐heart antibody in vitro and in vivo were developed by using radioactive antibody, the quantitative relationship between antibody amount and tissue lesion could not be established.
CELLULAR SITES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: Chen Shih‐Tse 
Published: January 2009

The distributions of three kinds of immunoglobulin polypeptide chains, Λ, k and γ were determined in 14 speciment of human lymphoid tissue, 8 spleens and 11 mesenteric lymph nodes, obtained during abdominal operations or at autopsy within 4 hours of death. All of the materials were fixed in 95% cold ethyl alcohol and paraffin sections were prepared. None of the patients had paraproteinemia or blood disease. Fluorescent antibody technique staining with pairs of immunofluorescent reagents, which reacted specifically with k‐, λ‐, and γ‐chains and were labeled with contrasting fluorochromes, were employed. The relative numbers of these cells in tissue sections were calculated.The approximate percentages of k‐ and Λ‐containing cells, 61% and 38% were in accord with the ratio of these types of immunoglobulin in normal serum2–3:l. The percentage of k‐ and Λ‐chain containing cells in IgG globulin and in other immunoglobulins was about 62% and 38%, respectively.Approximately half of all fluorescent immunocytes produced IgG globulin in the lymphoid tissues of spleens and lymph nodes.Immunoglobulin containing cells with k‐, Λ‐and γ‐chains did not differ significantly in size or pattern. They could be plasma cells, medium sized to large lymphocytes or lymphoid plasma cells, and were primarily found in the red pulp of the spleen and medulla of lymph nodes. Single immunocytes and germinal centers did not synthesize both k‐ and Λ‐light chains at the same time.
METHYLCHOLANTHRENE‐INDUCED ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA IN MICE AND RATS: A HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY*
Authors: Tokuoka Shoii 
Published: January 2009

Endometrial carcinoma was induced with a high incidence in various strains of mice and rats, by means of intrauterine application of 3‐methylcholanthrene under continuous estrogen stimulation. And a transplantation study of one of induced adenoacanthomas in A strain mice was successfully carried out.The endometrium in the early stage of the experiment showed atypical adenomatous hyperplasia that was soon followed by atypical adenomyosis. In the group of ICR mice treated with 0.8 mg of MCA, carcinomatous change was seen in atypical glands of the endometrium after the 14th week of the experiment. Carcinoma invasion and metastasis to visceral organs were found after 19 weeks.The majority of induced carcinomas of the endometrium were histo‐logically classified as either adenocarcinoma or adenoacanthoma, and only a few were regarded as squamous cell carcinoma. Ultrastructural study demonstrated that the cells in adenocarcinoma reveal poor cellular differentiation, while in adenoacanthoma the cells show better functional differentiation. The squamous cell component in adenoacanthoma is produced by squamous metaplasia of carcinoma cells.All induced sarcomas of the uterus were of myometrial smooth muscle cell origin, many of which, were accompanied by endometrial adenocarcinoma to be resulted in a form of carcinosarcoma.In an ICR mouse, sacrificed before uterine tumefaction, many extra‐as well as intracellular fine particles consistent with C‐type tumor viruses were detected in the myometrium.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF PYRIDINOLCARBAMATE AND ESTROGEN AGAINST AORTIC AND CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF CHOLESTEROL‐FED RABBITS
Authors: Numano Fujio , Katsu Ken‐ichi , Takenobu Makio , Sagara Atsushi , Shimamoto Takio 
Published: January 2009

A histoenzymatic study was carried out to elucidate the anti‐atherosclerotic effect of estrogen and pyridinolcarbamate, which has been supposed to be much related to a permeability inhibiting effect.Cholesterol feeding of 15 weeks' regimen led the aortae of placebo control group to the condition of a definite reduction of glycolytic, SDH and ATPase activities, a fair reduction of 5'‐N and an increase of esterase, lipase, β‐gl and acid‐Pase activities as compared with those of regular diet group. Atheromatous lesions characterized with an accumulation of foamy cells and necrotic foci exhibited a strong acid‐Pase and β‐gl. activities and a weak reaction of lipase, esterase and glycolytic enzymes.However, in diethylstilbestrol treated and cholesterol‐fed rabbits, glycolytic, esterase, lipase, acid‐Pase and ATPase showed a more reducing activity than those of the control rabbits. A definite reduction of β‐gl, acid‐Pase and lipase, and an increase of 5'‐N activity were certified in the atheromatous lesions whose histological feature was characterized with a diffuse fibrosis.On the other hand, in the aortic wall of the rabbits treated with pyridinolcarbamate under cholesterol feeding the increase in the activities of PR, G‐6PDH, SDH and ATPase was certified. In atheromatous lesions the appearance or the increase of glycolytic enzyme and ATPase activities was especially characteristic. Other hydrolytic enzymes exhibited the same inclination of activity as those of estrogen treated group. These histoenzymatic characteristics of both substances may suggest a different way to anti‐atherosclerotic effect which is physiopa‐thologically regarded as permeability inhibiting effect and may possibly reflect in the difference of their effect or the repair process of atheromatous lesions.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF ERYTHROLEUKEMIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE STRUCTURE OF ERYTHROBLASTS
Authors: Kamiyama Ryuichi 
Published: January 2009

The bone marrow taken by either sternal or iliac crest aspiration of four cases of erythroleukemia was studied electron microscopically to reveal the following results.The erythroblast in erythroleukemia showed abnormalities both in the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles, especially in the nucleolus and mitochondria. In two cases of erythroleukemia, unclassifiable blastic cells which were usually located near the sinus, were observed. Generally, the erythroblast has a few, high electron dense granules having no internal structure.
PRIMARY SARCOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER—REPORT OF THREE CASES—*
Authors: Yasuma Tsuguo , Yanaka Makoto 
Published: January 2009

Three cases of primary sarcoma of the gallbladder are reported. They consist of autopsy cases of leiomyoearcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma and surgery case of reticulum cell sarcoma, one of which was complicated with cholelithiasls.The number of sarcomas of the gallbladder reported in Japan adding our three cases totalled 14 cases, and 93 cases were reviewed from the world literature. The histological types, morphogenesis, relation to cholelithiasis, distribution of age and sex were discussed.
MICROCIRCULATORY DISTURBANCE PRODUCED BY SOLUBLE IMMUNE COMPLEXES
Authors: Nakajima Sohta 
Published: January 2009

Microcirculatory disturbance produced on normal guinea pig mesentery by soluble IgG complexes was observed by in vivo microscopy for one hour.Soluble IgG complexes dropped onto normal guinea pig mesentery produced acute local vascular reactions which were characterized by plasma exudation, stasis, sticking and emigration of leukocytes and hemorrhage. These changes were recognized only in the venules.Evidences have been presented to show that these changes were chiefly brought about by the plasma exudation from the venules. Analyzing various phases of immunologic vascular reactions, the importance of the flow dynamic changes of microcirculatory region was emphasized.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF METACHROMATIC LEUCODYSTROPHY
Authors: Hazama Fumitada , Haebara Hideyuki 
Published: January 2009

A case of metachromatic leucodystrophy was studied histologically and histochemically.Metachromatic lipids were found in the liver, gallbladder, kidney, pancreatic islets and adrenal medulla, as well as in cerebral white matter. The main component of the stored lipids was histochemically proved to be sulfatide. However, besides sulfatide, cholesterol esters, fatty acids and a small amount of phosphatides were demonstrated in the enlarged cells in cerebral white matter. Histochemical characteristics of accumulated lipids in the metachromatic leucodystrophy were compared with those of various lipids in Tay‐Sachs' disease, gargoylism, Gaucher's and Niemann‐Pick's diseases. The acidic neutral red method was found effective for detecting sulfatide.