bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographically detected free‐floating particles in amniotic fluid predict a mature lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio
Authors: Gross Thomas L. , Wolfson Robert N. , Kuhnert Paul M. , Sokol Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmniocentesis for the determination of fetal lung maturity is associated with some morbidity, and so the prediction of a mature fetus by noninvasive means could be useful in managing certain high‐risk patients. In the first portion of this study, 467 amniotic fluid specimens were classified into one of five groups based on the turbidity and particulate matter present. The mean lecithin: sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios and the proportion of mature US values increased with increasing turbidity of the amniotic fluid. In the second portion of this study, the presence of amniotic fluid freefloating particles (FFPs) detected by real‐time ultrasound was correlated with fetal lung maturity. When FFPs were present, the W S was uniformly mature, but when FFPs were absent, the LIS was mature in 74% of patients (P < 0.01). Among the patients in whom the LIS ratios were mature, 39/110 were associated with positive FFPs (sensitivity = 35%). This preliminary study suggests that the presence of FFPs on real‐time ultrasound could be used to confirm fetal lung maturity.Supported in part by NIH USPHS grants M01 RR00210 and 1P50 HD11089
Real‐time ultrasonography in neuromuscular problems of children
Authors: Kamala D. , Suresh S. , Githa K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound imaging of 20 cases of progressive muscular dystrophy and 10 cases of suspected infantile spinal muscular atrophy in children was performed by us, as a double‐blind pilot study matched against 25 controls. Open muscle biopsy was restricted to the muscular dystrophy group. The ultrasonographic findings were correlated with parameters such as functional disability of muscle and muscle biopsy features in the dystrophy group. It was interesting to observe that the muscle echogram was abnormal in both types of neuromuscular problems, the controls giving a normal muscle echogram. Ultrasonography was helpful in detection of unequivocal changes in our cases with mild clinical disability. It had a close correlation with changes in gross muscle architecture, as seen on muscle biopsy.
Prognostic value of ultrasound, HCG and progesterone in threatened abortion
Authors: Eriksen Bjarne Chr. , Eik‐Nes Sturla H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe diagnostic and prognostic value of ultrasound, β‐HCG subunit, and progesterone are evaluated in a prospective study in 169 patients with threatened abortion. Ultrasound diagnosis had just been introduced at the hospital when the study began and clinicians accepted the patients for treatment without receiving the ultrasound, HCG, or progesterone results. With ultrasound, a correct diagnosis of the in utero situation (true positive and true negative) was made at admission in 93% and after 1 week in 99% of the cases; in 1% of the cases intact pregnancies were mistaken for abortions (false positive). For the tests applied, ultrasound had the highest sensitivity in detecting a pathologic pregnancy and also the best predictive value when a pathologic condition was discovered.
Sonographic patterns in splenic infarct
Authors: Maresca Giulia , Mirk Paola , De Gaetano Annamaria , Barbaro Brunella , Colagrande Corrado 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic findings in eight cases of splenic infarct at their onset and at different phases of their development have been retrospectively analyzed. A wide range of appearances was seen (single or multiple, rounded or wedge‐shaped, echo‐free, hypoechoic, and hyperechoic lesions). In our opinion, such variable appearances are related to the age of the infarct (hypoechoic or echo‐free in the earlier stages, hyperechoic in healed infarcts). A presumptive diagnosis is possible in the earlier stages since the detection of changes (in echogenicity and/or in size) over a period of time strongly suggests an infarct. On the other hand, a hyperechoic wedge‐shaped lesion is fairly typical of healed infarcts.
Echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular stroke volume in newborn infants: A correlative study with pulsed Doppler and M‐mode echocardiography
Authors: Walther Frans J. , Siassi Bijan , Wu Paul Y. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNoninvasive monitoring of stroke volume by pulsed Doppler echocardiography is an important recent advance in neonatal care. Using this technique, we assessed stroke volume in 112 healthy neonates (birth weight 780–5350 g, menstrual age 27–42 weeks). Stroke volume increased with advancing birth weight (r = +0.93) and gestational age (r = +0.90). Mean stroke volume per kilogram body weight (1.77 ± 0.28 ml/kg) was constant throughout the study population. Doppler‐derived stroke volumes correlated linearly with left ventricular dimensions in diastole and in systole. Stroke volumes calculated from left ventricular dimensions using the Feigenbaum and Teichholz equations correlated equally well with Doppler‐derived stroke volume values (r = +0.76 and +0.77, respectively).
Ultrasound measurement of the fetal cerebral ventricles: A prospective, consecutive study
Authors: Jörgensen Connie , Ingemarsson Ingemar , Svalenius Elisabeth , Montan Sven , Svenningsen Nils W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReal‐time ultrasound was used in 654 consecutive pregnancies to obtain standard growth parameters for the fetal brain. Measurement of the width of the lateral ventricle (LVW) and hemisphere and their relationships to menstrual age, biparietal diameter, and birth weight were determined. The growth of the LVW was to a great extent independent of birth weight but dependent on menstrual age. Thirteen fetuses with a single ventricular width measurements exceeding +2 SD from the mean were separately evaluated, and all but one case were found to be normal.
Diagnosis of leukemic relapse in the pelvic soft tissues of juvenile females
Authors: Shirkhoda Ali , Eftekhari Fanin , Frankel Lawrence S. , Lewis Errol 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive females with childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia whose disease relapsed in the pelvis were studied. In all five patients, relapse occurred late in the disease process, and all patients had been in complete continuous remission before relapse. Intravenous pyelogram and barium enema revealed hydronephrosis or a mass effect on the bladder or rectosigmoid colon. In three patients, sonography established the presence of a clinically palpable mass with involvement of the uterus, ovaries, and pelvic side walls. In one patient there was infiltration of the bladder and in another, infiltration of the appendix, both confirmed by biopsy.
Pseudoepidural reverberation artifact: a common ultrasound artifact in fetal cranium
Authors: Stanley John H. , Harrell Beth , Horger E. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh‐intensity reverberation artifacts frequently occur within the fetal cranium during obstetric ultrasound examinations. One hundred ninety‐six static ultrasonograms obtained from 100 consecutive obstetric patients were reviewed to determine the incidence, shape, and location of high‐intensity reverberation artifacts within the fetal head. Such artifacts occurred in one‐third of the fetuses examined. The most common appearance was an arc‐shaped artifact that occurred most frequently in the fetal hemicranium farthest from the maternal skin surface. Such an artifact can mimic epidural fluid collections and cause confusion for examiners not familiar with this finding. A discussion of this “pseudoepidural” artifact, its cause, and ways of excluding underlying intracranial pathology is presented.
Sonographic monitoring of LHRH analogue therapy in idiopathic precocious puberty in young girls
Authors: Hall Deborah A. , Crowley William F. , Wierman Margaret E. , Simeone Joseph F. , McCarthy Kathleen A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrecocious puberty in young girls is defined as the development of secondary sexual characteristics and gonadal growth before 8 years of age. Approximately 60% of isosexual precocious development in girls has no organic cause and is termed idiopathic precocious puberty. Thirteen young girls with idiopathic precocious puberty were treated with LHRH analogue under a well‐established protocol. Pelvic ultrasound was added to the protocol to examine ultrasound's role in supplying a morphologic parameter of suppression of the pubertal process. Initially, 11 patients had ovarian volumes greater than normal, and ovarian cysts measuring 0.5 cm to 4 cm in diameter were identified in seven patients. All 13 patients had enlarged pretreatment uteri greater than 3 cm in length. Eleven of these patients had a pubertal or adult uterine configuration. After 1 year of therapy, 11 patients had normal prepubertal ovarian volumes, and 12 of 13 patients had a decrease in ovarian volume. No demonstrable cysts were present at 1 year. Eleven had a reduction in uterine length. Nine of the 11 patients with a pubertal uterine configuration reverted to a more prepubertal‐like morphology. The sonographic morphologic changes correlated well with laboratory and clinical data indicating suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.
Sonography of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts
Authors: Reynolds Terry , Hill Michael C. , Classman Leonard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic appearance of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts (HOC) has received little attention aside from a recent report in adolescent girls. We reviewed the sonographic findings in 14 adults with 15 pathologically proven HOC to see whether there were any consistent sonographic findings that, along with the clinical history, might make possible the diagnosis. The majority (93%) of patients presented with the abrupt onset of lower abdominal or pelvic pain, and each, when clinically appropriate, had a negative serum pregnancy test. Sonographically, all of the masses were cystic except one. The cyst wall was thin and well defined in six cases and thick and irregular in eight. The majority (87%) had internal echoes. These echoes were scattered and low level or diffuse and homogeneous (27%) or complex and echogenic (53%) in nature. Two cysts had numerous septations, and another had a fluid‐debris interface. If the pain subsides and the hematocrit remains stable, the premenopausal patient can be managed conservatively. Sonographic follow‐up is recommended so that an underlying hemorrhagic ovarian cystic neoplasm can be excluded. This was present in three of our patients, two of whom were postmenopausal.
Clinical application of an ultrasonic duplex system in the quantitative measurement of portal blood flow
Authors: Moriyasu Fuminori , Ban Nobuyuki , Nishida Osamu , Nakamura Takefumi , Miyake Takeo , Uchino Haruto , Kanematsu Yuzo , Koizumi Shunzo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonic duplex system, which is composed of a pulsed Doppler flow‐meter and a linear array B‐mode scanner, was developed for the purpose of quantitative transcutaneous measurement of blood flow. It was applied here to the study of portal blood flow in a normal series with healthy volunteers as subjects. A preliminary experiment, prepared by setting up a simulation model for blood circulation, demonstrated an excellent correlation between values obtained with the electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) and the combined ultrasonic B‐mode and Doppler system (duplex system). This was confirmed in vivo in a study of blood flow in the canine vena cava. The portal blood flow in 88 healthy adult volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 55 years (average 34.3) was studied using this equipment. Blood flow in fasting subjects who were resting was 889 ± 284 ml/min (mean ± SD) or 16.3 ± 5.0 ml/min/kg body weight (mean ± SD).
Role of ultrasound in obstetric management
Authors: Goldkrand John W. , Benjamin Danny S. , Cantor David M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis is a retrospective, noncomparative study of the impact of routine and indicated ultrasound examinations on 163 private and 125 clinic patients, respectively. Management decisions (delivery, nonintervention, tocolysis) based on indicated ultrasound were made in 36.7% of the private and 63% of the clinic patients. Ultrasound was important in assigning and altering the EDC where dates were unsure. Serendipitous findings were especially important in finding fetal anomalies. Routine ultrasound provided the obstetrician with reassurance in normal pregnancies.
Increased renal cortical echogenicity in pediatric renal disease: Histopathologic correlations
Authors: Brenbridge A. Norman , Chevalier Robert L. , Kaiser Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRetrospective comparisons between sonographic renal cortical echogenicity and the results of renal biopsies were made for 65 pediatric patients ranging in age from neonate to 18 years. There was a positive correlation between an increase in renal cortical echoes and interstitial infiltration as well as with glomerular obsolescence, tubular atrophy, and vascular changes. Since the sonographic changes were heterogeneous in origin, they are not specific. The sonographic findings also correlated positively with the clinical severity of disease. However, the heterogeneous origins of the sonographic finding and the absence of strong correlations indicate that gray‐scale sonography cannot act as a prognostic index of the type or severity of disease in pediatric patients.
Biparietal diameter and menstrual age in the black population attending edendale hospital
Authors: Muñoz Washington Patricio , Moore Peter John , MacKinnon Anne , Haines Linda Margaret 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between fetal biparietal diameter measured by echo‐graphy and menstrual age for blacks was studied. Predicted values and their confidence limits are presented in tables and graphs. The biparietal diameter was significantly smaller from 28 weeks than American and European studies, demonstrating that a composite graph was not applicable to the Zulus. The echographic results were checked at term by external cephalometry. Occipitofrontal circumference and birth weights for newborns were found similar to other studies. The smaller BPD in late pregnancy could be explained by the heads shape. The new charts are valuable in assessing fetal growth in African blacks.
Is it possible to recognize portal hypertension with continuous‐wave Doppler ultrasonography?
Authors: Lombardi Giuseppe , Salmi Andrea , Polotti Renzo , Tarantola Pietro , Paterlini Alessandro , Inzoli Maria Rosa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContinuous‐wave (CW) Doppler ultrasonography is a well‐known technique in the assessment of peripheral and central circulation. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the technique can be used to demonstrate portal hypertension (PH) from liver disease through the evaluation of flow reversal in the veins of the round ligament. One hundred eight patients (50 controls and 58 with PH) underwent abdominal sonography, endoscopic examination, and CW Doppler flowmetry of the umbilical region. In 53 of 58 patients with PH, hepatofugal venous flow was found in the round ligament; this sign was absent in all of the controls. There was remarkable agreement between the results of CW Doppler examination and those of endoscopy and abdominal sonography: its sensitivity was about 91%, and we encountered no false positives. The Doppler ultrasound method is specific for diagnosing PH, simple to perform, and repeatable.
Fetal head and abdominal circumferences: Ellipse calculations versus planimetry
Authors: Shields James R. , Medearis Arnold L. , Bear Moraye B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred twenty‐two images of fetal heads and abdomens were obtained by ultrasound. The head and abdominal circumferences and their ratios were determined by planimetry and by the ellipse method utilizing four different equations. The accuracy of these equations was assessed by regressing the circumferences and ratios obtained by the equations against those measured by planimetry. All equations were found to be equally accurate in calculating head and abdominal circumferences and the head‐to‐abdomen circumference ratio. Compared to planimetry, the ellipse method is more accurate in calculating circumferences than when calculating their ratio.
Influence of fetal growth patterns on sonographic estimation of fetal weight
Authors: Simon Nicolas V. , Levisky John S. , Shearer David M. , O'Lear Mary S. , Flood Jill T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix published fetal weight estimating regression models proposed for clinical use were evaluated in 259 pregnant women who delivered within 72 h of an ultrasound evaluation performed with sector scanner. The patient sample included 89 (33.2%) fetal weights that were below the 10th or above the 90th percentile for menstrual age. The actual mean percent error (systematic error), standard deviation (random error), and the number of large errors of prediction for all equations were greatest in fetuses that were small‐ and large‐for‐gestational age. Whereas there were no significant differences between equations for the patient sample as whole, equation AC,BPD (Shepard) had the smallest systematic error in intrauterine growth retarded, premature, and normal‐term fetuses less than 4000 g. Conversely, the systematic error of the models that included femur length was smallest at the upper end of the weight scale and in macrosomic fetuses in general. In that regard, the accuracy of fetal weight prediction could be increased by selecting the appropriate model for the proper clinical indications. Although these findings can be explained by the limitations of the current regression models in estimating fetal soft tissue mass, subtle effect of the use of the sector scanner on the results of this study cannot be completely excluded and requires further investigation.
Doppler ultrasound in the fetus: A review of current applications
Authors: De Vore Greggory R. , Brar Harbinger S. , Platt Lawrence D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the recent introduction of Doppler pulsed and continuous wave as well as color‐flow mapping, assessment of blood velocity in the human fetus has added a new dimension to fetal assessment. Although investigators initially examined blood flow in the descending aorta and umbilical vein, there was a wide variation in normal values because of the difficulty of accurately measuring the area of the vessels, a requirement for computation of blood volume. Using duplex sector scanners, velocity and blood flow have been obtained from the right and left ventricular chambers and aortic and pulmonic outflow tracts. At the present time the clinical application of the latter measurements is still under investigation. Doppler color‐flow mapping appears to be promising for elucidation of abnormal flow in fetuses suspected of having structural and/or functional cardiovascular disease. Because of the difficulty in computing volume flow due to the above mentioned factors, more recently investigators have examined angle independent parameters of blood velocity from the aorta, carotid and umbilical arteries in an attempt to quantify peripheral resistance. This latter technique appears to be promising for elucidation of placental pathology as is found in a number of fetal and placental diseases.
Mathematical modeling of fetal growth: V. Fetal weight changes at term
Authors: Rossavik Ivar K. , Deter Russell L. , Wasserstrum Nathan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal growth after 37 weeks menstrual age was investigated by comparing ultrasound estimates of fetal weight with corresponding weights of newborns. Using a weight estimation equation with minimal systematic error, evidence was found that fetuses delivered at term do not increase in weight the last two weeks before delivery. This change in fetal growth is regarded as a biological process that is needed to prepare the fetus for its life after birth. Only one of three subsets, that of estimated weights below 3000 g, showed significant weight increase after 37 weeks. This subset had, however, on average the longest scan‐delivery interval. We conclude that conventional birthweight standards are influenced both by a cessation of fetal growth approximately two weeks before delivery and by an association between fetal size and the duration of gestation.
Sonography of the hip joint as part of the evaluation of acute lower abdominal pain
Authors: Graif Moshe , Strauss Simon , Heim Michael , Itzchak Yacov 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound evaluation of the hip joint was performed in 17 patients as part of the sonographic investigation of lower abdominal pain with referred symptomatology to the groin and thigh. Sonographic features consistent with hip joint effusion were detected in 12 of the patients. In four patients with positive arthrosonogram the possibility of hip joint involvement was not considered by the examining physician. In 11 other cases, hip pathology was included in the differential diagnosis. Of these, hip involvement was confirmed by sonography in eight patients and excluded in three. Sonography was found to be a useful objective method for the confirmation or exclusion of hip joint effusion. The examination had a significant influence on the patient management for shifting the attention of the clinician from the abdomen to the hip joint in four of the cases in this series.
In utero ultrasound diagnosis of congenital heart disease
Authors: Marasini Maurizio , Cordone Massimo , Pongiglione Giacomo , Lituania Mario , Bertolini Alberto , Ribaldone Dionigi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo hundred and one pregnancies considered at high risk for congenital heart disease (CHD) underwent fetal cross‐sectional echocardiographic (CSE) examination. In 190 cases a structurally normal heart was correctly predicted; seven cases of CHD were identified, but in two of them the specific diagnosis was inaccurate. One false positive diagnosis of a small ventricular septal defect was made. There were three false negative diagnoses: two of ventricular septal defects and one of aortic coarctation.We conclude that severe heart malformations can be reliably identified or excluded by CSE in utero, but important anatomical details may be missed. Therefore, prognosis should be based only on the structures identified to multiple‐scan planes.
Phasic flow in the left ventricular inflow tract: The importance of Doppler sample volume position
Authors: Delemarre Ben J. , Bot Hans , Visser Cees A. , Dunning Arend J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVariability of Doppler transmitral flow was studied in 42 normal patients (aged 19–68 years). Starting at the mitral annulus level (ANL) in an apical four‐chamber view, the sample volume was moved downstream at 1‐cm intervals. At all positions, peak early (E) and late atrial mediated (A) diastolic velocity were measured, and the distance from the transducer to the level with the highest E wave (HEL) and highest A wave (HAL) determined. The A/E ratio and time velocity integral (TVI) at ANL, HAL, and HEL were also calculated.Peak E velocity at HEL was 33% higher than at ANL (p < 0.01) and peak A velocity was 15% higher at HAL than at ANL (p < 0.01). The A/E ratio was minimal at HEL and maximal at ANL (0.68 ± 0.28 vs 0.85 ± 0.32, p < 0.01), whereas TVI was highest at HEL and lowest at ANL.Thus, inflow parameters vary along the inflow axis. This is of importance for cardiac output measurement. The A/E ratio was more dependent on age than on sample volume position.