bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiographic Manifestations of Clostridial Infection Encountered at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide
Authors: Matousek V. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCases of cholecystitis emphysematosa, ante‐mortem gas in the portal venous system, and primary clostridial pneumonia were presented and literature reviewed.No gall‐stones were demonstrated in the cholecystitis emphysematosa, demonstrating that obstruction of the cystic duct is not an essential aetiological factor. This patient was not a diabetic.The case of the gas in the portal venous system is of particular interest as the portal sepsis was an aftermath of perforation of primary non‐specific jejunal ulcer which in the opinion of clinicians and pathologists involved was secondary to sarcoid granuloma. This patient was a diabetic. There was no evidence of mesenteric artery occlusion, pneumatosis intestinalis or gross distension of loops of bowel, thus lending support to the theory of sepsis of the portal venous system by gas‐producing organisms.The primary clostridial pneumonia in the patient suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia was diagnosed at autopsy. This was characterized radiographically by dense consolidation of the right upper lobe, which within 18 hours progressed to widespread abscess formation.
ORVID: A New System for On‐line Application of a Computer in the Radiodiagnostic Department
Authors: Schaefer P. , Koeppe P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryORVID automates the reporting in radiology in such a way that it delivers complete findings quickly and without delay in clear text. At the same time all information is automatically coded and stored for later use. ORVID enables us to

send the report to the ward or give it to the patient in much shorter time;
store each report by means of a patient's identification number for future reference and/or duplication; and
carry out any statistical investigation with the stored information.

The system ORVID has been considered as part of a general hospital information system supplying the needs of the Department of Diagnostic Radiology. Moreover, the system can be used in other fields of medicine as well.ORVID needs as input/output unit a video‐display with an alpha‐numeric keyboard and a printer for the processed reports. The use of these units calls for an electronic computer equipped with an on‐line real time operating system.
Thanatophoric Dwarfism A Case Report
Authors: Callaghan K. A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA case of thanatophoric dwarfism (a fatal form of achondroplasia) is presented. The main manifestations of the syndrome are stated, together with a description of the typical radiological features. It is recommended that detailed clinical and pathological investigation of future cases is necessary in order to ascertain aetiology and mode of inheritance. Recognition of the X‐ray changes in utero is possible and may be of benefit to the obstetrician in the event of obstetric difficulties at delivery.
Congenital Unilateral Absence of a Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Sage Michael R. , Brown J. Howard 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTwo cases of isolated unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery and one case of unilateral hypoplasia of a pulmonary artery are reported. The embryology, clinical features and radiological findings are discussed. In particular, the importance of the plain chest radiograph in the diagnosis is stressed. The interesting finding, on barium swallow, of pseudodiverticula of the oesophagus due to extrinsic pressure produced by anastomotic vessels is described for the first time.
Cholangiographic Excretion Studies: Hypertonic Biligrafin Infusion
Authors: Benness G. T. , Soschko M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA series of matched studies of Biligrafin and bile salt infusion on dogs are reported with isotonic and hypertonic dextrose. Rapid hypertonic infusion produced a lower bile flow rate and higher bile Biligrafin concentration without altering the Biligrafin output. In accordance with previous work it is suggested that this is due to an osmotic effect on plasma and bile.
The Role of Diagnostic Radiology Including Lymphography in Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: Ohtake Hisashi , Matsuoka Shoji , Oikawa Masaru , Suzuki Toshihiko , Syo Tetsuhiro , Toda Hiroshi , Sugiyama Takeo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAmong the applications of diagnostic radiology in malignant lymphoma, G.I. examination and lymphography have been discussed. It is extremely important to accurately evaluate the extent of the lesion by use of radioisotopes as well as other X‐ray studies.Since the disease is characterised by a high radiosensitivity, adequate radiation therapy should result in some healing and a prolongation of life even in advanced cases.Diagnosis and treatment are quite intimately related in this disease.
Radioisotopic Assessment on Development of Radiation Pneumonitis and Fibrosis
Authors: Shinohara Shinji , Arikawa Kenzo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFor a prospective study of earlier detection of radiation pneumonitis than by chest radiography, the sequential pulmonary arterial perfusion rate in irradiated upper lung regions was investigated with patients who received incidental pulmonary irradiation for post‐operative cobalt 60 teletherapy of breast cancer.
Left Ventricular Cineangiocardiography in Endocardial Cushion Defect
Authors: Brandt Peter W. T. , Clarkson Patricia M. , Neutze John M. , Boves Brian G. Barratt 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe diagnostic features by which endocardial cushion defects may be recognised at left ventricular cineangiocardiography in oblique projections are presented and the criteria which may be used to assess the importance of an inter‐ventricular component of the defect are described. The general diagnosis of endocardial cushion defect is indicated with accuracy and no false positives or false negatives have been encountered. The method has also been accurate in distinguishing the complete form of the defect (with large interventricular component) from the partial form (without significant interventricular communication). The intermediate form (with small interventricular component) was mistaken for the complete form of the defect in one instance, but in 18 further patients in whom a definitive anatomical assessment was available the radiological assessment was accurate.
Mammography in Singapore*
Authors: Khoo F. Y. , Chia K. B. , Vaithilingam K. 
Published: March 2008

Summary

An analysis is made of 223 cases of mammography seen in the Outram Road General Hospital, Singapore, from October 1967 to May 1971. All cases had histological confirmation.
There were 90 (40‐36%) cases of carcinoma. The mammographic diagnosis, when combined with clinical examination, was 93% correct. The diagnosis based on the reading of mammograms alone was 71 % correct. Calcification in carcinoma occurred in 27% of cases, but only 11 % showed fine sand‐like calcifications. The skin was thickened in 22% of cases.
There were 56 cases (25‐11%) of fibroadenoma. The accuracy of mammography taken in conjunction with clinical findings was 32%; mammography alone gave a 30% accuracy. Calcification was seen in 11 % of cases.
Forty cases (17–94%) of mammary dysplasia were seen. Mammography in association with clinical examination was 32% correct; mammography alone was 30% correct. Thus the accuracy rates for both fibroadenoma and for mammary dysplasia were much lower than for carcinoma.
An assortment of other non‐malignant conditions numbered 37 cases (16–59%). The accuracy rate was the lowest for this group, coming to 16% when mammography was combined with clinical examination, and only 8% when mammograms alone were read.
Approximately 20% of all non‐malignant conditions were incorrectly interpreted as carcinoma from mammograms.
Mammography is found to be a useful procedure in the detection of cancer of the breast in Asian women. Unpublished data from the Singapore Cancer Registry shows that cancer of the breast is the commonest malignant tumour in the female. It is therefore anticipated that mammography will be increasingly employed in the developing countries of South‐East Asia in the years to come.
The Significance of a Blocked Bronchus in the Assessment of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Rowlands J. B. , Hare W. S. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary80 cases with blocked bronchi, demonstrated bronchographically, have been reviewed. A high degree of association with bronchogenic carcinoma has been demonstrated but, contrary to the findings of other workers, bronchial occlusion due to non‐neoplastic causes was relatively frequent. In the present series a blocked bronchus was due to carcinoma in 88% of patients who were smokers over the age of 45 years. Bronchography features highly suggestive of carcinoma are reviewed and a “flooding technique”, which is described, is advocated in the performance of the examination. It is strongly recommended that bronchography precede bronchoscopy for this latter investigation to be fully effective.In the centres where bronchography has been widely employed in the assessment of bronchogenic carcinoma, the discovery of a blocked bronchus has been accorded great diagnostic significance. For example, one study of 1,408 bronchograms showed a blocked bronchus in 89% of 236 histologically proven lung cancers and only 3 false positive cases (Wilt et al., 1959). Similarly, in a review of 262 bronchograms a blocked bronchus was associated with bronchogenic carcinoma in 94.2% of a series which contained 97 proven cases of carcinoma (Rinker et al., 1968).The first objective of this paper is to review the experience of the Royal Melbourne Hospital with the so‐called “block bronchus sign” over recent years and to assess its significance in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma.Furthermore, it has been pointed out that, whereas respiratory movement plays a large part in the filling of normal bronchi with contrast medium, a bronchus involved by carcinoma loses its flexibility and distensibility and:an fill only by gravity (Molnar and Riebel, 1964). In recognition of this assertion, a technique of bronchography in which the bronchi 3n the side of the lesion are flooded with contrast medium has been used for at least 10 years at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and a nigh degree of significance has been attached to the finding of a blocked bronchus (Hare and Bennett, 1962).The second objective of this paper is to evaluate the contribution made by the “flooding” technique of bronchography.
Three Cases of Hepatoma
Authors: Harding W. R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThree cases of primary neoplasm of the liver are presented. The first patient, with a tumour mass in the right lobe, showed a small area of calcification within the tumour.The second patient, with a tumour in the left lobe showed radiological features simulating enlargement of the spleen.A third patient, whose tumour was discovered at post‐mortem is presented briefly.Evaluation of the pattern of liver calcification in the diagnosis of hepatoma is stressed and the role of Alpha‐fetoprotein estimation is also discussed.
Tonsilloliths—A Common Cause Of Pharyngeal Calcification
Authors: Thomas D. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTonsilloliths are a common cause of calcification in the pharynx, but there is a general lack of awareness of this entity among radiologists. Now that surgery for recurrent tonsillitis is less common, it is likely that the condition will be recognised more frequently, though the administration of antibiotics may alter the natural history of the disease. They can be distinguished from other more important causes of calcification in this area by demonstrating their typical location in standard radiographic projections.
The Recognition and Incidence of Splenic Artery Anemysms
Authors: Kreel Louis 
Published: March 2008

Abstract275 spleens were examined by an initial plain film and then after injections of a slightly diluted water‐barium suspension. Of these specimens, 250 were normal size spleens and 25 enlarged. Splenic artery aneurysms were common and the vast majority had been asymptomatic. They commonly occurred at bifurcations and were commonly calcified. They were well embedded in the peri‐pancreatic or splenic hilar tissue and were not visible unless very large or the artery was dissected free from this surrounding tissue.The small splenic artery aneurysms are particularly common in elderly females and associated with arterial disease in the other branches of the splenic artery. In normal sized spleens intrasplenic aneurysms were not found, whereas intrasplenic aneurysms are common in enlarged spleens, particularly in markedly enlarged spleens associated with liver cirrhosis. Splenic artery aneurysms of the extrasplenic arteries are also commonly found to be associated with markedly enlarged spleens. The sex and age incidence of splenic artery aneurysms in the presence of splenic enlargement and/or liver cirrhosis differs markedly from that in the cases with normal sized spleens. In this group the sex incidence is about equal, and aneurysms occur most frequently in the under 50 year old group, whereas in the routine post‐mortem normal sized spleens, aneurysms occur in those over 50 years old and predominantly females.The injection of contrast material and the subsequent visualisation of the arterial pattern on a radiograph is an effective method of demonstrating these lesions. Moreover, the intrasplenic aneurysms will be completely missed unless an injection technique is used.
The Recognition and Incidence of Splenic Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Kreel Louis 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCalcified splenic artery aneurysms will be frequently detected if there is an awareness of their radiographic appearances. These calcified aneurysms occur most frequently in elderly females over the age of 50 years and in patients with liver disease. They may appear as large, multiple, overlapping curvilinear ring and ovoid shadows in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen at the level of D.12/L.1, or as single ring shadows anywhere along the line of the splenic artery.These shadows frequently represent completely calcified, thrombosed splenic artery aneurysms. They may also appear as smaller (0.5 cm) round shadows more heavily calcified within. These occur near the hilum of the spleen. It is estimated that these appearances will be found in approximately 2.5% of females over the age of 50 years. Calcified aneurysms are also found in patients with liver disease over the age of 50 years. These calcified aneurysms are almost always asymptomatic and benign and require no further treatment or investigation unless left upper quadrant pain is present.
The Early Nephrogram as a Routine Film in Intravenous Urography
Authors: Patton Irmgard , Trenwith Bryan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA study has been made of the early nephrogram in a series of 200 unselected patients referred for intravenous urography. This film was taken as soon as possible after the rapid intravenous injection of a large dose of contrast medium through a wide‐bore needle. The superior density of the early nephrogram enabled the complete renal outline to be defined in 89% of cases, compared with 60% on the routine urography films. The kidneys were identified despite variation in the patients' age, weight, and overlying soft tissue shadows. In 37 patients observation of the initial, nephrogram provided helpful information. In 25 this was of diagnostic importance and could not be discerned on any other film. The addition of an early nephrogram to the routine for intravenous urography is recommended.
Skin Thickness in Acne
Authors: Robertson Angus 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe skin thickness was measured in 21 white females with acne average age 22.1 yrs. and in 20 white females without acne average age with acne and Mr. Ray Stevens and Mr. Cook for taking the radiographs. My thanks are also due to Mrs. Tania Brown for typing and retyping the manuscript.
The Study of Dose Distribution in Radiotherapy using Three Types of Thermoluminescent Dosimeters*
Authors: Philip P. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThree types of commercially available thermoluminescent dosimeters have been used to study the dose distribution in a commonly employed treatment technique for the head and neck region using wedge filters. The dose distributions measured in an Alderson Rando phantom have been compared with the computed dose distributions obtained using an IBM 360 computer. Some characteristics of the phosphors have also been compared.
Variation of Exposure Rate with Field Size
Authors: Sharada Miss. K. S. , Bisht J. S. , Supe S. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe exposure rate for teletherapy units is expressed by the equation: D = R [k, log (A/P) + k2]where D is the exposure rate for an arbitrary field, R, the exposure rate for a fixed field (10 times 10 cm), and k17 k2 are constants. In the present work it is attempted to verify whether the same equation holds good for different types of teletherapy units. Exposure rates are measured for different field sizes for six teletherapy units, for different SSDs.In order to check the validity of the above model for different units, Chi‐Square test was performed for the correlation coefficient and it was found to be insignificant at 5% level. The pooled values of the correlation coefficient and that of the constants k, and k, were computed with their respective standard deviations. The pooled values of the constants k, and k., can be used for exposure rate calculations for all the types of units which were investigated.
Ewing's Tumour of Rib
Authors: Branson John 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFour cases of Ewing's tumour of the rib are presented, 3 males and 1 female, all in the second decade. They all presented the typical clinical features of localised chest pain of several months' duration associated with tenderness and swelling. Radiological changes of lytic bony destruction, periosteal new bone formation best demonstrated by penetrated rib views, and a large soft tissue component would enable the diagnosis to be considered on these features alone, and appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures to be instituted.
Further Improvements in Metrizamide Myelography
Authors: KENDALL‐SMITH I. M. , READY M. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe authors discuss the performance of Metrizamide Myelogram in the evaluation of the lumbar spine canal. The importance of functional studies is explained and their inclusion is recommended as an integral part of all lumbar myelograms. Dilution of the contrast with movement is noted and can be partly compensated for by careful collimation. Headache is the most common side effect not worsened by using 200 mg. Iodine per ml. or by using a total dose of 3000 mg. of Iodine.
Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis
Authors: DEWEY PETER , SOUTHWELL PHILIP 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYLumbar spinal stenosis is an important condition which has not been fully appreciated in the past. The diagnosis is largely clinical but radiology can materially assist its assessment. The condition often requires wide surgical decompression which produces a high rate of symptomatic relief. Intermittent claudication is a relatively common symptom in spinal canal stenosis and a careful clinical appraisal is required to distinguish it from claudication of arterial insufficiency.
Pulmonary Torulosis in the Northern Territory Radiological Appearances
Authors: BATESON ERIC M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA radiological series of nine cases of pulmonary torulosis from Darwin Hospital and the Northern Territory of Australia is presented. The common radiological appearance is that of a solitary circumscribed lung opacity and therefore the radiological differentiation is from other lesions of this radiological type. The relatively young age and aboriginal race of most patients and the frequent presence of concomitant meningitis are important factors in the diagnosis of a pulmonary toruloma.
Non‐Operative Removal of Retained Gall Stones Experience in Flinders Medical Centre
Authors: FON G. T. , GOLDIN A. R. , THOMSON K. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe use of the Burhenne chatheter for the successful removal of retained gall stones in six (6) patients is reported. All the stones were removed, some of which were fragmented in the process. The technique is simple and is done on an outpatient basis without premedication or anaesthesia, It may be repeated as often as necessary.
Endobronchial Lipoma
Authors: VINE HUGH S. , BEREZIN ANDREW F. , LEEMING BRIAN W. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEndobronchial lipomas are relatively rare with approximately 40 reported in the English literature. Patients may present with wheezing, persistent cough or a history of recurrent pneumonia. The chest radiograph usually will demonstrate collapse, occasionally with associated consolidation distal to the lesion. Our case demonstrates the classic roentgenographic findings and represents only the second case of an endobronchial lipoma in the bronchus intermedins.
Diagnosis of Cholelithiasis: Comparison between Oral Cholecystography and Ultrasonography
Authors: LAU S. W. L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOverseas experience indicated that both oral cholecystography (OCG) and ultrasonic cholecystography (UCG) are equally accurate for the diagnosis of gall stones. The purpose of our study was to assess the local accuracy of these two modalities in a busy teaching hospital where both examinations were frequently requested on a patient suspected of suffering from gall stones. Our study agreed with the overseas experience that both modalities are equally reliable. A protocol was evolved, based on consideration of convenience to patients, availability of equipment, and utilization of time of trained operators. Oral cholecystography is performed on the initial examination, with early recourse to ultrasound whenever the first dose cholecystogram does not provide a definitive diagnosis. Careful integration of the two modalities is necessary if hard‐pressed diagnostic facilities are to be used efficiently. Patients also benefit by requiring fewer visits to hospital.
Unclassified Demineralising Bone Disease in an 8 Years Old Girl: Report of a Case
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , BITTNER K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of an 8 years old girl with an unusual osteoporotic syndrome is reported. The disease is different from the three main osteoporotic diseases in childhood — osteogenesis imperfecta, hypophosphataemic rickets and idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. No chronic disorder which could explain the bone disease was found.
Hypophosphataemic Vitamin D‐resistant Rickets — a Cause of Spinal Stenosis in Adults
Authors: MASEL J. P. , CARTWRIGHT D. W. , LATHAM S. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHypophosphataemic Vitamin D‐resistant rickets causes spinal stenosis by interference with normal growth as well as by the development of abnormal bony and osteoid masses in the canal. There is a highly significant incidence of spinal stenosis in adults with this disease and the more severely affected patients develop serious clinical problems.There is a constant radiological appearance, with narrowing in the lower lumbar canal, large articular processes and local scoliosis. Other changes seen are osteophytes and bony sclerosis.Careful clinical and possibly ultrasound follow‐up studes are indicated, with radiological studies for symptomatic patients.
The Use of ‘Shadow’ Shields for Corneal Protection during Cerebral Angiography
Authors: COLE S. M. , HENSON P. W. , ApSIMON H. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe use and benefits of a corneal shield specifically designed for use in cerebral angiography is discussed. It is shown that up to 70% reduction in dose may be achieved to the cornea on the ipsilateral side without loss of diagnostic information unless the suspected pathology lies within the eye, the orbit or the anterior fossa of the temporal lobe.