bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A taxonomy of representations in information retrieval system design
Authors: Smith Linda C. , Warner Amy J. 
Published: March 2007

In IR there is a growing body of empirical data and practical experience with various representations. Taxonomy may be defined as 'all the various activities involved in the construction of classificatory systems.' There are three stages in our research: identification, char acterization, and comparison/evaluation. Identification in volves an enumeration both of the categories of representations which could in principle be part of an IR system and of the different members in each category. Characterization involves identification of properties which could be used to characterize the members of each category. Comparison/evaluation in volves identification of measures which could be used in com paring the members within each category and/or in evaluating the impact of variations in representations on system perfor mance.
A database translator of nuclear reaction data for international data exchange
Authors: Chiba Masaki , Katayama Toshiyuki , Tanaka Hajime 
Published: March 2007

A practical experience in the development of a database translator is reported for use with nuclear reaction databases. The database translator provides for the exchange of nuclear reaction data between a national centre and an international centre with nuclear reaction databases. It is composed of three levels: block level, section level and code level. The translation technique adapted is one usual in programming language translation having very hospitable rules. Some difficulties similar to natural language translation are discussed, since these two databases have different schema of data compilation. The significance of the database translator is that it enables the data, which is compiled for the specific interest of a given community, to circulate internationally. The success of devel oping the database translator has identified, in practice, a new method of international cooperation, especially in a research oriented field.
Network cost analysis for planning configuration change in distributed systems
Authors: Arun Sen  , Rakes Terry , Franz Lori 
Published: March 2007

A Distributed Processing Network (DPN) can assume many different physical topologies. However, when a network is viewed as a group of logical connections, only a few distinct topologies are possible. They are centralized, star, and fully connected. A fourth 'hybrid' topology which combines features of two or more of these is also possible. Each of these topolo gies, or structures, may have a unique cost to the firm as well as unique benefits. This paper presents a network cost function for each of the possible logical network structures. These functions provide the basis for an interactive model which can be used to develop cost estimates. These estimates can then be used with a sep arate analysis of benefits to aid in network design or can be used to assist in budget preparation when configuration changes are planned. A bank case study is provided to illustrate the use of the model based on these cost functions.
Computer simulation and library management
Authors: Main Linda 
Published: March 2007

In 1975 Bommer said that computer simulation models had remained on the fringes of library science because too much attention has been devoted to the construction and solution of complex mathematical models, and too little attention to the implementation aspect. Nine years later, in 1984, Simonton makes the same point, substantially reflecting the lack of progress in this field. This paper surveys the relevant literature, and attempts to isolate key issues which might explain why computer simula tion models are not implemented to any extent in libraries.
The computer as mask: a problem of inadequate human interaction examined with particular regard to online public access catalogues
Authors: Azubuike Abraham A. 
Published: March 2007

In the typical library operating online public access cata logues (OPACs) the computer masks the librarian from the user resulting in an impaired librarian-user interaction, which in turn results in a great deal of user failure in information retrieval. This is because of the nature of computer intermedia tion which reduces both the librarian's responsibility to the user and user contact with the library. The present OPACs are operated with practices which emanated from manual catalogues and are unsuitable for online services. The user is expected to access the database online, but communication with him is not emphasized. The design and management of online public access cata logues should be influenced by the needs and abilities of the user and efforts should be made to maintain personal com munication channels between the user and the information specialist so as to engender more user-cordial information environments. These conditions, practices and recommendations are elaborated in this paper.
Pictorial indexing for an integrated pictorial and textual IR environment
Authors: Bordogna G. , Carrara P. , Gagliardi I. , Merelli D. , Mussio P. , Naldi F. , Padula M. 
Published: March 2007

Information retrieval (IR) systems were ongmally devel oped to process, store, search and retrieve narrative informa tion. Structured databases are therefore created to store the items contairung enough information to identify and retneve the onginal documents. This paper proposes an extension of classification and indexing to pictorial data, specifically to pictorial parts of multimedia documents. This goal is attained by adopting structural techniques for digital image description. The de scriptions of the objects (digital structures) present in the image are proposed as pictorial index terms. Such a generaliza tion has led to a uniform management of the non-homoge neous kinds of data composing the document and has allowed the outlining of a multimedia IR system raised from interdisci plinary experiences. In the paper the approach to image description is presented and a control structure to index textual and pictorial data is discussed.
A Power-Strategy Alternative to Organization Development
Authors: Borum Finn 
Published: March 2007

In this article assumptions implied in the organization development (OD) literature about organizations, members of organizations, and the external consultant are pointed out on the basis of studies of the literature. These assumptions are criticized and a set of alternative assumptions is formulated. In the light of this, a strategy for change is formulated which constitutes an alternative to OD strategies, both in purpose and in the phases of change. According to the alternative strategy, power is regarded as the crucial variable, in connection with organizational change. The 'power' strategy prescribes the strengthen ing of a party's power bases prior to negotiations with the 'opponent' and formalization of mechanisms for the regulation of conflicts; this is contrary to the OD strategies, which imply confrontation, a change in perceptions and attitudes, and solution of conflicts. The 'alternative' strategy is exemplified and discussed with reference to an action research project, which the author carried out in collaboration with the employees of a surgical unit at a Danish general hospital. The change project was initiated by lower participants in the organization, and the external consultant was not neutral as is usually prescribed in the OD literature.
Technological Implications Theory: A Japanese Test
Authors: Marsh Robert M. , Mannari Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

Previous theory and research in England, Canada, and the United States indicates that the nature of the dominant type of technology used in an organization has important causal implications for many aspects of the social structure of the organization. This study of industrial manufacturing firms in Japan consists of one factory in each of three types of technology: small-batch production (Sake Company), mass production assem bly line (Electric Factory), and automated continuous process (Petroleum Company). A fourth factory (Shipbuilding Factory) combines aspects of unit and mass production technology. Of the thirteen hypotheses derived from seven more general propositions about the relationships between technology, organizational structure, and employee behaviour and attitudes, and tested, eight are fully and four partially confirmed. These findings are interpreted as supporting technological implications theory, and as a further indication of the greater importance of technological and structural variables than of cultural differences between Japan and the West.
Managerial Orientations and Workers' Job Responses in Labour-Owned and Private Industrial Plants in Israel
Authors: Mannheim Bilha 
Published: March 2007

The study compares the managerial orientations and workers' attitudes in labour- owned enterprises to those in privately owned enterprises in Israel. Data were collected by means of closed questionnaires from production managers and 847 production workers in a representative sample of 57 industrial plants stratified by size and sector of ownership. Contrary to the expectations derived from the formal ideology of labour control, no differences were found in the orientations of line managers to workers and in the work centrality, job satisfaction and identification with the enterprise of workers in labour-owned plants as compared to privately owned plants. It was found, however, that in small plants managerial orientations explain more variance of workers' responses, especially of work centrality, in labour as compared to private plants. In large plants, these stronger relationships were not found. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for labour ownership and worker outcomes, both from a general theoretical point of view and in the context of the labour economy in Israel.
‘Against all (well, many!) odds’. The implementation of dynamic-interactive guided study modules for music education courses at colleges of education
Authors: Dachs Nell 
Published: March 2007

The Music Department at a College of Education in Kwa-Zulu Natal has experimented over approximately the past five years with possible solutions to the demand for modularisation. A modular system based on an independent personal interpretation of our new National Qualifications Framework (NQF) requirements has been designed which is allowing the recommendations of the NQF to ‘happen’. It seeks to empower students to be valued for their own talents and interests and to reach their own potential at their own pace and in their own way. Simultaneously, the modules seek to promote holistic music education, although many modules are essentially reductionist. The modules are also designed according to the broad cross-curricular outcomes which underpin the Constitution and which have been adopted by SAQA (the South African Qualifications Authority). Specific outcomes established for the Arts and Culture Learning Area have also been taken into consideration in the overall design of the modules. Greater inclusivity is stressed as opposed to any form of elitism. In presenting considerations and advantages of modularisation and providing the steps followed in implementing such a system at a South African College of Education the paper seeks to encourage tertiary lecturers facing similar odds to reconsider the relevance and appropriateness of modularisation.
Ubuntu: A metaphor for the origins, role and development of the International Society for Music Education
Authors: Mccarthy Marie 
Published: March 2007

The story of international cooperation in music education prior to the foundation of ISME has been documented by the author in two articles published in the IJME (McCarthy, 1993, 1995). Motivation to establish international networks of cooperation was stimulated and heightened by the occurrence and aftermath events of two world wars in the first half of this century. The raison d'etre for ISME, founded in 1953, was grounded in the goals and ideals of Ubuntu – harmony among peoples, cooperation, empowerment, sharing of ideas and resources, and fraternity. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the appropriateness of the metaphor Ubuntu for an organization that originated in and developed around the ideals of this African term. While the ideals of Ubuntu have been alive in ISME from its beginning, the manifestation of those ideals may need to be revisited to reflect an even more humane and democratic approach to music education in a global context.
Towards a Social-Psychological Model of Bilingual Development
Authors: Hamers Josiane F. , Blanc Michel 
Published: March 2007

In the present paper a social psychological model for the development of bilinguality in the young child is proposed, covering all typical cases of bilingual development. Central to the proposed model of bilingual development are the valorisation mechanisms which the child develops through her/his own system of social networks during early childhood as well as the social psychological mechanisms which develop consequently in the child. Taking as a starting point a general theoretical approach to language development, the model attempts to take into account the empirical evidence of the social, social psychological, linguistic and cognitive aspects of bilingual development. In the second part of the paper different outcomes of early bilingual development are discussed in the light of the model and an attempt is made to define the conditions that are necessary in order for the child to develop a harmonious type of bilinguality as well as those that might lead to an impairment of the cognitive development of the bilingual child.
Red wine is less stress reducing than vodka; no differences in neuroendocrine challenge test
Authors: Jarrett Nick , Peatfield Richard , Glover Vivette 
Published: March 2007

Red wine, like the drugs reserpine and fenfluramine, causes the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from storage sites in vitro. This study used a neuroendocrine challenge test design to determine whether the parallel between red wine and these drugs can be extended to central actions in healthy volunteers. Vodka diluted to an equal alcohol content was used as a control. No significant differences were observed between the groups in plasma cortisol, plasma prolactin or in temperature levels. Thus no evidence was obtained for a central 5-HT releasing action by red wine. Self-rating stress and arousal questionnaires were also given. No differences were found in arousal. However whereas vodka had a clear effect in reducing stress, red wine did not. This suggests that red wine does have psychoactive properties independent of its alcohol effects.
Thermal Stability of Fire Retardants:* III, Decomposition of Pentabromochlorocyclohexane and Hexabromocyclododecane under Processing Conditions
Authors: Larsen Eric R. , Ecker Ernest L. 
Published: March 2007

The thermal decomposition kinetics of several aliphatic FR agents contain ing vicinal bromines were studied under temperature conditions, i.e., 200-226 °C., commonly found in extruders. The reactions were monitored by the rate of HBr evolution and by the formation of trans-stilbene in dilute (1.8-10 wt.% agent) bibenzyl solutions. The measured reaction rate constants ( kHBr) were found to include a free radical component ( kHBr1) and an ionic com ponent ( kHBr2) resulting from the homolytic cleavage of a carbon-bromine bond and from an iron or zinc induced reaction, respectively. Of the primary agents used in polystyrene, pentabromochlorocyclohexane was found to decompose at about three times the rate of hexabromocyclodo decane at any given temperature.
Non-Take-Up of Social Security Benefits in Europe
Authors: van Oorschot Wim 
Published: March 2007

The phenomenon of non-take-up of social security benefits has social policy implications and is therefore a relevant subject for study for social policy analysts. This article starts with a discussion of the arguments in support of this general statement, followed by an overview of available data on non-take-up in various western European countries. Britain, and to a lesser extent the former West Germany and the Netherlands, are exceptions to the general rule that in European countries very little is known about the incidence of non-take-up. Not only from an academic point of view, but also from the viewpoint of any policy- maker trying to take measures which could solve the problem, the reasons for non-take- up are of great relevance. Research into the factors affecting (non)take-up is reviewed and the actual 'state of the art' in the theoretical modelling of the phenomenon of (non)take-up is presented and discussed. At the end of this article an alternative 'three-t-model' is presented, on factors affecting the decision whether or not to put in a claim for.a social security benefit.
From Ecstasy To Ecstasis: a Reflection On Prophetic and Pentecostal Ecstasy in the Light of John the Baptizer
Authors: Dube Christopher 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor much of the twentieth century and from its earliest roots, Pentecostal ism has been understood and interpreted as grounded upon the ecstatic founding of the Church (Pentecost). While this grounding of faith in an event of God encounter engenders an openness to the Holy Spirit, it also places emphasis on spiritual experience rather than on the form of life that facilitates such experience. This misplacement of emphasis easily leads to unbalanced forms of the Christian life. This paper, using primarily the exam ple of John the Baptizer as prophet, is an attempt to recover a more fluid and open Pentecostal dynamic that remains grounded in a life centered in God (ecstasis), while at the same time remaining open to moments of God encounter (ecstasy).
The Re-Institution of Local Self-Government in Eastern Germany
Authors: Osterland Martin 
Published: March 2007

After unification the centralized political order of the former East Germany was replaced by a system which gave back the right of self-government to democrati cally elected local institutions. The re-establishment of local government and municipal administration has proved to be difficult, however. On the structural level, the new administrative order only partly fits the actual problems eastern German municipalities are faced with. In terms of personnel, new departmental heads and administrators do not have sufficient ex perience in administration or appropriate qualifi cations in legal matters. Dependent on the help of western German advisers, unfamiliar with democratic procedures and under pressure from citizens and politicians alike, the new local governments have to solve a wide range of political and economic problems. Inappropriate de cisions seem to be inevitable under these circum stances, leading to widespread reproach at being unable to cope with the new situation. Based on an empirical study in several municipalities in eastern Germany, this complicated process of re-establishing a functioning local government and public adminis tration is described and analysed.
Mass Media and Sports Practice
Authors: Famaey-Lamon A. , Van Loon F. 
Published: March 2007

The objective of the present article was to verify if — controlled by the factors education and degree of urbanization — there exists a relation between the use of the mass media newspaper and television on the one hand and active sports practice on the other hand. The basic assumption was that persons using the mass media in a motivated way, as source of information, practice more sports during their leisure hours, and that persons interested essentially in the recreative part of the paper or of the television programmes will practice active sports in a lesser measure (congru ency hypothesis). The data on which the article is based proceeded from the investi gation "Performance and Talent''. As technique of analysis the multiple linear regression analysis was used. The results proved that the interest shown for the more informative part of the paper or the television programmes had a positive relation to sports practice, and that interest for the rather recreative part of the mass-media had a negative relation. The signifi cance of the mass-media variables as predictor of sports practice was however small, compared to the significance of the education level. Of course these results are only valid for the variables used in this study, and with the applied technique of analysis.
Fundamental Problems in Studies on Amateur Sport — Introduction to Theories on "Sports Labour"
Authors: Morikawa Sadao 
Published: March 2007

In order to make clear the characteristic features of Amateur Sport and its self-contradiction, I would like to define amateur sport as "the sports view which does not permit athletes to obtain an economical foundation as a result of their sport activity." Thus, I intend to support the process of the sublation of amateur sport and the necessity of the establishment of "sport labour". Problems to be raised: 1. Amateur sport and Society, a. Basic characteristics of amateur sport, b. Social and economical foundations for sport, c. Formation of ''sports labour", d. Characteristic outlines of "sports labour". 2. Capitalism and ama teur sport, its sublation, a. Estrangement of amateur sport in capitalism, b. Sub lation of amateur sport and creation of "sports labour''.
Getting Involved in Sport: Sex Differences
Authors: Smith Michael D. 
Published: March 2007

Despite the social change of the last decade or so, everyday observation reveals that the sexes still tend to live in different social worlds: one for boys (sports, business) and another for girls (babies, typing). In the latter, serious ac tive involvement in sport — ''masculine" sports in particular — seems generally not encouraged. An extensive literature on sex-role socialization illuminates the mechanisms that explain why this is so. The other side of the coin, however, is less apparent. What social forces account for those girls and women who do become seriously involved in sport? Do they undergo socialization similar to, or significantly different than, their male counterparts? In recent years, a few researchers have begun to pay attention to this pro cess (see Kenyon and WcPherson, 1972), and some of the more important determi nants of sport involvement have emerged-for males. Not surprisingly, there is a paucity of research on wemen, a commentary probably both on their devalued status relative to men and on the tension between the roles, "female" and ''athlete". The present paper adds to the small amount of empirical data that have begun to fill this void. It focuses on sex differences in socialization into sport; specifical ly, on the influence of socializing agents.