bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten‐year follow‐up of endometrial ablation
Authors: FÜRST STINE NYMANN , PHILIPSEN TORBEN , JOERGENSEN JOERGEN CHRISTIAN 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. This paper presents a ten‐year follow‐up of a randomized, controlled trial which gives the long‐term hysterectomy rate and patient satisfaction rate of transcervical hysteroscopic endometrial ablation in the treatment of heavy dysfunctional bleeding. Methods. There were 120 women enrolled in the study, from June 10, 1993 to August 31, 1995, all requiring endometrial ablation for the treatment of heavy dysfunctional bleeding. All patients were offered a clinical examination two years postoperatively. Long‐term outcome was assessed by completion of a questionnaire five and ten years after initial treatment. Any new symptomatology and need for further treatment or a hysterectomy was registered. A bleeding index and the patients’ satisfaction rate and acceptability of the treatment method were stated. Results. Sixty‐one patients were treated by endometrial coagulation, and 59 by endometrial resection. No significant difference in the number of hysterectomies or satisfaction rate between the two groups was observed. At a ten‐year follow‐up, 63% of patients only had one ablation, 11% were treated twice, and 22% had a hysterectomy. Only 3% were lost to follow‐up. For the group of patients above 40 years of age, only 17% had a hysterectomy. Since the two‐year follow‐up only six patients with one hysteroscopic treatment have had further intervention. Ninety‐four percent of the women would recommend the treatment to their best female friend. Conclusion. The long‐term results show that an ablation for heavy dysfunctional bleeding is an excellent treatment. Overall 22% of patients had a hysterectomy. If the patient had no further intervention at the two‐year clinical control, there was only a 6% risk of hysterectomy after a period of at least ten years.
A prospective study on buprenorphine use during pregnancy: effects on maternal and neonatal outcome
Authors: KAHILA HANNA , SAISTO TERHI , KIVITIE‐KALLIO SATU , HAUKKAMAA MAIJA , HALMESMÄKI ERJA 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. Exposure to illicit drugs in utero is associated with low birth weight and premature birth. Therefore, maintenance therapy for opioid dependence during pregnancy has been recommended to help withdrawal from street drugs, in order to improve maternal health and decrease risks to the fetus. Methods. In 2002–2005, 67 pregnancies of 66 buprenorphine users were followed prospectively in an outpatient multidisciplinary antenatal setting by an obstetrician, a midwife, a psychiatric nurse and a social worker. Decreasing doses or even abstinence from buprenorphine was encouraged. Outcome measures were daily buprenorphine dose, fetal growth, gestational age at birth, mode of delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores, umbilical pH values, and occurrence of neonatal abstinence syndrome [NAS]. National statistics were used as reference values. Results. The daily dose of buprenorphine decreased by 2.3 mg (median, range increase of 8 mg to decrease of 24 mg). There were no more incidences of premature birth, cesarean section, low Apgar scores (≤6) or umbilical artery pH <7.05 at birth than in the national register, despite the lower birth weight. A total of 91% of the infants needed treatment in a neonatal care unit, 76% had NAS, and 57% needed morphine replacement therapy. Seven infants were taken into care directly from the maternity hospital. Two sudden infant deaths occurred later. Conclusions. The pregnancies and deliveries of buprenorphine‐using women were uneventful, but severe NAS and need for morphine replacement therapy was seen in 57% of the buprenorphine‐exposed newborns. A high number of sudden infant deaths occurred.
Factors associated with depressive symptoms among postnatal women in Nepal
Authors: DØRHEIM HO‐YEN SIGNE , TSCHUDI BONDEVIK GUNNAR , EBERHARD‐GRAN MALIN , BJORVATN BJØRN 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. Depression after childbirth affects both the mother and her infant. In South‐Asia, maternal depression might also contribute to poor infant growth. Knowledge of risk factors could improve the health workers’ recognition of depression. Aim. To examine possible risk factors for depression in the postnatal period among women in one clinical, one urban and one rural population in Lalitpur district, Nepal. Method. A total of 426 postnatal women were included in a cross‐sectional structured interview study, 5–10 weeks after delivery. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]. Results. Multivariate analysis showed that depression (EPDS >12) was strongly associated with husband's alcoholism, polygamy and previous depression. Other significant factors were stressful life events, multiparity, smoking and depression during pregnancy. There was a non‐significant trend of lower depressive scores among women living in arranged marriages, and among women practicing the tradition of staying in their maternal home after delivery. Conclusions. In addition to previously documented risk factors, traditional family structures may influence the risk of depression among postnatal women in Nepal.
Postpartum ultrasound in women with postpartum endometritis, after cesarean section and after manual evacuation of the placenta
Authors: MULIC‐LUTVICA AJLANA , AXELSSON OVE 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives. To measure anteroposterior (AP) diameters, and to describe qualitative findings of the uterus and the uterine cavity in women with postpartum endometritis, after caesarean section (CS) and after manual evacuation of the placenta, and to compare these women with those in a normal puerperium. Methods. A prospective, descriptive, observational study of 103 postpartum women was conducted. Fifty‐five women had clinical symptoms of postpartum endometritis, 28 had undergone CS, and 20 had manual placental evacuation. Ultrasound examinations were scheduled for days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 postpartum. Women with endometritis underwent their first examination on the day they presented with clinical symptoms. Results. The AP diameters of the uterus and uterine cavity in all three groups overlapped considerably with the reference values. On day 56 postpartum, the uterus had achieved the same dimensions as found in our reference population. Compared with the reference group, during early puerperium, an empty cavity was less common among women with the three study conditions, and gas was present more often after CS and after manual evacuation of the placenta. An anteverted position of the uterus was less common among women with endometritis on day 14 and 28 postpartum, and among women delivered by CS on days 7, 14 and 28 postpartum. The incision site in the lower uterine segment was visible after CS. Conclusion. The ultrasonic findings in women with postpartum endometritis, after CS and after manual evacuation of the placenta, do not differ substantially from those during an uncomplicated puerperium. A delayed uterine involution process might explain the slight morphological differences observed.
Treatment of prolonged voiding dysfunction after tension‐free vaginal tape procedure
Authors: GLAVIND KARIN , GLAVIND EMILIE 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. No consensus on the proper treatment of prolonged voiding dysfunction after incontinence operations exists. We, therefore, evaluated the treatment of this problem. Methods. We reviewed all 143 patients who underwent a tension‐free vaginal tape procedure (TVT) between April 1998 and June 2005. Prolonged voiding dysfunction was defined as the need to perform intermittent catheterisation for more than 1–2 weeks, and a subjective feeling of incomplete emptying. Results. Ten patients (7%) with prolonged voiding difficulties were encountered. In 5 patients (50%) the tape was pulled down. This was performed after 1 week (1 patient), 2 weeks (2 patients) and 3 weeks (2 patients). All these patients were cured of their voiding dysfunction and remained dry. In 2 patients, the tape was cut after 5 and 7 months. Both patients were cured of their voiding difficulties, but had recurrent stress incontinence. Three patients performed clean intermittent catheterisation for a period of 5 weeks, 7 months and 9 months, and some degree of prolonged voiding and/or urgency persisted in all three patients. Conclusion. The patients with voiding difficulties after TVT should be followed closely for the first 1–2 weeks, and pulling the tape down should be carried out if the voiding dysfunction persists.
Evaluation of density of Langerhans cells in human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: CAMPANER ADRIANA B. , NADAIS RICARDO F. , GALVÃO MARIA ANTONIETA L. , SANTOS ROBERTO E. , AOKI TSUTOMU 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective. To compare the number of Langerhans cells in areas of CIN 3 and in areas without histopathological alteration adjacent to CIN 3 with those found in histologically normal control cases. Material and methods. Specimens were obtained from 46 normal cervixes from women undergoing hysterectomies due to uterine leiomyomata and 71 from conization specimens for CIN 3. The identification of the Langerhans cells was performed by immunohistochemical analysis, using antibodies to S‐100 protein. The number of intraepithelial Langerhans cells was counted at a 400× magnification under light microscope and a 10 field count was performed in areas of epithelium of the normal cervix (group A), areas of CIN 3 in the conization specimens (group B), and areas of epithelium without histopathologic alteration adjacent to CIN 3 (group C). Results were expressed as number of cells per square millimeter of epithelium. Results. Comparing groups A and B, we observed that the number of Langerhans cells was significantly higher in the latter group; between groups A and C, the number of cells was significantly lower in the second group. The number of Langerhans cells was also compared between groups B and C and it was significantly lower in the latter, independent of smoking habits. Conclusions. We theorize that the increase in the population of Langerhans cells in areas of CIN 3 could be explained by migration of these cells from adjacent areas without histopathologic alterations in order to act in the restraint of the development of neoplasia; cigarette smoking did not influence this migration.
Maternal‐neonatal 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine serum concentrations as an index of DNA oxidation in association with the mode of labour and delivery
Authors: SCHULPIS KLEOPATRA H. , LAZAROPOULOU CHRISTINA , VLACHOS GEORGE D. , PARTSINEVELOS GEORGE A. , MICHALAKAKOU KELLY , GAVRILI STAVROULA , GOUNARIS ANTONIA , ANTSAKLIS ARIS , PAPASSOTIRIOU IOANNIS 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim. To investigate the effect of the mode of labour and delivery on the total antioxidant status (TAS), and the biomarker of DNA oxidation, 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) serum levels, in mothers and their newborns. Subjects and methods. Some 106 women with normal pregnancy and normal blood biochemical parameters were divided into 4 groups: Group A (n = 28) with normal labour and vaginal delivery (VG), Group B (n = 25) with scheduled cesarean section (CS), Group C (n = 26) with ‘emergency’ CS, and Group D (n = 27) with prolonged labour + VG. Blood was obtained from the mothers at the beginning of labour, and immediately after delivery (pre‐ and post‐delivery), as well as from the umbilical cord (CB). TAS, 8‐OHdG and creatine kinase (CK) were measured in the sera with appropriate methodology. Results. TAS levels were almost similar in all the groups pre‐delivery, and in CB irrespective of the mode of labour and delivery, and remarkably decreased in Groups C and D post‐delivery. 8‐OHdG levels in Group C (0.94±0.08 ng/ml) and Group D (0.98±0.08 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those in Group A (0.26±0.01 ng/ml, p<0.001) and Group B (0.28±0.07 ng/ml, p<0.001) post‐delivery. 8‐OHdG levels were low in CB, independent of the mode of labour. CK positively correlated with 8‐OHdG (r = 0.48, p<0.001), the latter negatively correlated with TAS (r = − 0.53, p<0.01). Conclusions. The lowest TAS and the highest 8‐OHdG levels were found in Groups C and D post‐delivery, probably due to the long‐term participation of the mothers’ skeletal and uterus muscles, whereas 8‐OHdG levels were low in CB irrespective of the mode of delivery, possibly as a consequence of the antioxidant action of the placenta and/or the low lipid levels in the serum of the umbilical cord.
Working Memory, Catecholamines and Psychosis: Illustrative Case
Authors: Levy Florence 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To briefly review the role of catecholamines in prefrontal functions and working memory as illustrated by a case study. Method: The work of Goldman-Rakic and Arnsten on working memory is briefly reviewed. A case study that illustrates catecholamine functions in an autistic disorder child, who suffered a prolonged psychosis, is described. Results: While the role of dopaminergic neurotransmission in working memory has been described, the present case also illustrates a role for a noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitor in treating the post-psychotic distractibility of a severely impaired early adolescent. Conclusion: The role of catecholamine neurotransmitters in the treatment of prefrontal symptoms should be further investigated.
Symptom Profile of Major Depressive Disorder in Women with Eating Disorders
Authors: Fernandez-Aranda Fernando , Poyastro Pinheiro Andrea , Tozzi Federica , La Via Maria , Thornton Laura M. , Plotnicov Katherine H. , Kaye Walter H. , Fichter Manfred M. , Halmi Katherine A. , Kaplan Allan S. , Woodside D. Blake , Klump Kelly L. , Strober Michael , Crow Scott , Mitchell James , Rotondo Alessandro , Keel Pamela , Berrettini Wade H. , Rickels Karl E. , Crawford Steven F. , Brandt Harry , Johnson Craig , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: Based on the well-documented association between eating disorders (EDs) and affective disorders, the patterns of comorbidity of EDs and major depressive disorder (MDD) were investigated. The temporal relation between EDs and MDD onset was analyzed to determine differences in the course and nature of MDD when experienced prior to versus after the onset of the ED. Method: Lifetime MDD and depressive symptoms were assessed in 1371 women with a history of ED. The prevalence of MDD was first explored across ED subtypes, and ages of onset of MDD and EDs were compared. Depressive symptoms were examined in individuals who developed MDD before and after ED onset. Results: The lifetime prevalence of MDD was 72.9%. Among those with lifetime MDD (n =963), 34.5% reported MDD onset before the onset of ED. Those who experienced MDD first reported greater psychomotor agitation (OR =1.53; 95%CI =1.14–2.06), and thoughts of own death (but not suicide attempts or ideation; OR =1.73; 95%CI =1.31–2.30). Among individuals who had MDD before ED, 26.5% had the MDD onset during the year before the onset of ED; 67% of individuals had the onset of both disorders within the same 3 year window. Conclusion: Clinicians treating individuals with new-onset ED or MDD should remain vigilant for the emergence of additional psychopathology, especially during the initial 3 year window following the onset of the first disorder.
Neuroscience Institute of Schizophrenia and Allied Disorders (NISAD): 10 Years of Australia's First Virtual Research Institute
Authors: Draganic Daren M. , Catts Stanley V. , Carr Vaughan J. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To review the first 10 years of operation of the Neuroscience Institute of Schizophrenia and Allied Disorders (NISAD), Australia's first virtual research institute. Method: Narrative description of the evolution of NISAD. Results: Since inception in 1996, NISAD has developed a wide range of activities to enhance existing efforts and develop new initiatives in schizophrenia research, initially throughout New South Wales, but increasingly on a national scale. This involved the initial development of critical research infrastructure to provide the foundation, with the subsequent focus on developing a multidisciplinary programme of schizophrenia research, across the basic to applied research spectrum. While the primary focus has been the scientific domain, NISAD has also played a leading role in increasing public awareness of schizophrenia as a disease amenable to scientific investigation. Conclusion: NISAD has succeeded in building a framework to apply the latest developments in neuroscience to the study of schizophrenia and has formed a multidisciplinary network of clinicians and neuroscientists who are actively collaborating on a range of research initiatives. The ‘virtual institute’ structure of NISAD has proven cost-efficient and consistent with innovative thinking about research resource management.
Increased Prefrontal Cerebral Blood flow in First-Episode Schizophrenia Following Treatment: Longitudinal Positron Emission Tomography Study
Authors: Brewer Warrick J. , Yücel Murat , Harrison Ben J. , McGorry Patrick D. , Olver James , Egan Gary F. , Velakoulis Dennis , Pantelis Christos 
Published: March 2007

Objective: Cognitive deficits, particularly those related to executive function and behavioural control, are a core feature of patients with schizophrenia and implicate disturbances of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Consistent with this, functional imaging studies have identified abnormalities of PFC activity in chronically affected patients. The objective of the current study was to investigate executive-control related neural activity from first onset of the illness through to symptom stabilization. Method: The authors examined eight neuroleptic-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients within 3 days of first presentation and eight healthy agepremorbid-IQ, and gender-matched controls (CTL). All FEP patients were later confirmed with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Subjects underwent H2-15O positron emission tomography (PET) while performing the Stroop interference task that has previously been shown to engage the PFC in healthy samples. In a double-blind paradigm, FEP patients were randomly treated with either haloperidol or risperidone for 8 weeks, after which CTLs and all but one of the FEP patients were re-scanned. Results: Behaviorally, there was no change in task performance from baseline to follow up for either the FEPs or CTLs. However, there were significant changes in functional activation in both groups across the same period. For CTLs, task-performance was associated with greater recruitment of posterior brain regions at follow up compared to baseline, while for FEP this involved greater recruitment frontal regions. Concurrently, FEP also showed significant improvement in positive symptomatology. Conclusions: These findings suggest that disturbances of the PFC often seen in FEP may be, at least partially, associated with acute symptom expression. However, it is still unclear whether this increase in frontal activity is due to symptom stabilization per se, the effects of medication, a lack of neurophysiological ‘learning’ with experience/practice, or a combination of these factors. In the context of the CTLs performance, we interpret the patient findings as reflective of greater neurophysiological effort required for task accomplishment relative to the learned, more automated, processing apparent in the CTLs.
Sex Differences in the Cerebral Function Associated with Processing Of Aversive Stimuli by Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Mendrek Adrianna , Mancini-Marië Adham , Fahim Cherine , Stip Emmanuel 
Published: March 2007

Objective: Impaired processing of various emotions is considered one of the fundamental features of schizophrenia. In the recent study intriguing sex differences were observed in the cerebral function associated with the experience of sadness in schizophrenia patients. The aim of the present study was to explore this phenomenon during exposure to aversive stimuli. Method: Fifteen men and 10 women with the DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing alternating blocks of negative and neutral pictures. Data were analysed using random-effects model within statistical parametric mapping (SPM99) software. Results: Processing of negative stimuli evoked significantly greater activations in men in the thalamus, cerebellum, temporal, occipital and posterior cingulate cortex, while women exhibited greater activations in the left middle frontal gyrus. Conclusions: The sex differences in the cerebral activations in schizophrenia patients deviate from what has been observed in the general population during exposure and experience of negative affect. As such the present study supports and extends the authors’ preliminary observation of the anomalous sexual dimorphism in schizophrenia at the functional neuroanatomical level, suggesting potential masculinization of female subjects and feminization of male subjects with schizophrenia.
Lundby Revisited: First Incidence of Mental Disorders 1947–1997
Authors: Bogren Mats , Mattisson Cecilia , Horstmann Vibeke , Bhugra Dinesh , Munk-Jørgensen Povl , Nettelbladt Per 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To investigate how first incidence of various mental disorders changed between the periods of 1947–1972 to 1972–1997 in the Lundby cohort. Method: First-incidence rates of mental disorders were calculated for two 25 year periods and ten 5 year periods. Results: From 1947–1972 to 1972–1997 a decrease in almost all age- and sex-specific incidences of neurotic and organic brain disorders was observed, whereas incidence rates of psychotic disorders increased consistently in male subjects but decreased in most age intervals in female subjects. For both sexes the age-standardized 5 year period incidences of neurotic disorders decreased after 1972, fluctuated for psychotic disorders 1947–1997 and decreased steadily for organic disorders 1947–1997. Conclusions: The reduction in neurotic and organic brain disorder incidences may be linked to structural changes in society and medical advances.
Problem Behaviours in Early Primary School Children: Australian Normative Data using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Authors: Hayes Louise 
Published: March 2007

Objective: This study provides normative and clinical levels of problem behaviours from a large community sample of Australian early primary school children. Method: From a large community sample (n = 1928) of children aged 5 to 10 years (mean = 7.70, SD = 0.89) normative data are provided using the teacher-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A response rate of 88% ensures the data are representative. Results: Mean scores on total difficulties between this Australian sample and UK norms were comparable. Some differences in the clinical cut-off scores are evident in the Australian sample, and adjusted clinical cut-offs are provided. Australian teacher reports of problem behaviour revealed lower clinical levels of emotional problems. Boys had significantly greater problems than girls on the Conduct, Hyperactivity, Peer and Prosocial scales. Overall, 5.3% of boys had scores in the clinical range on four of the five subscales. Comparisons of the factor structure revealed that for boys the Peer scale has two interpretations, with two items loading with Conduct problems and associated with greater problem behaviours. For girls, conduct problems are more strongly associated with poorer prosocial skills. Conclusions: Teachers are able provide valuable predictive information on externalizing behaviours. Australian normative comparisons reveal minor variations in teacher interpretation of items. The present data is representative of the Australian community and should be used to assess behaviour difficulties in early primary school children. Future studies on older age children are required to understand the developmental progression of problem behaviours in the community.