bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain tumor Radiogenomic Classification and Prediction of Glioblastoma Status using MRI Scans with Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: AbdelAziz Nabil M. , Dawood Emad Abdelaziz , Hassan Mohamed Monir , Tantawy Alshaimaa A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accurate Radiogenomic classification of brain tumors play an essential role in improving prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy strategy in glioblastoma patients. In this paper, we provide a novel MGMT Promoter Methylation Prediction (MGMT-PMP) approach that extracts latent features fused with radiomic data to predict the genetic subtype of glioblastoma. The novice rejection method has been shown to be highly effective at picking and isolating negative training cases from the original dataset. In this study, the fused feature vectors are used to train and test CNN classifiers. We examined classification performance for the first time in published form, using metrics such as accuracy, F1-score, and Matthews’s correlation coefficient. Jackknife tenfold cross-validation was used to train and evaluate the BraTS-2021 dataset validation. The maximum classification accuracy for detecting MGMT methylation status in glioblastoma patients is 99.13 percent. Deep learning feature extraction with Radiogenomic characteristics, merging imaging phenotypes and molecular structure, and using a rejection method were found to outperform in diagnosing the MGMT methylation status of glioblastoma patients. The approach connects genetic variance to radiomic characteristics, bridging two areas of research that may be valuable for clinical treatment planning and leading to better outcomes.
Seizure Characteristics and EEG Features in Intoxication Type and Energy Deficiency Neurometabolic Disorders in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit– Single Center Experience over 10 Years
Authors: Sen Kuntal , Harrar Dana , Pariseau Nicole , Tucker Karis , Keenan Julia , Zhang Anqing , Gropman Andrea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Acute metabolic crises in inborn errors of metabolism (such as Urea Cycle Disorders, Organic Acidemia, Maple Syrup Urine Disease and Mitochondrial disorders) are neurological emergencies requiring management in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). There is paucity of data pertaining to EEG characteristics in this cohort. We hypothesized that the incidence of background abnormalities and seizures in this cohort would be high. Neuromonitoring data from our center’s PICU over 10 years is presented in this paper.Methods Data was collected by retrospective chart review for patients with the afore-mentioned disorders who were admitted to the PICU at our institution due to metabolic/ neurologic symptoms from 2008–2018. Descriptive statistics (Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test) were used to study the association between EEG parameters and outcomes.Results Our cohort included 40 unique patients (8 UCD, 7 OA, 3 MSUD and 22 MD) with 153 admissions. Presenting symptoms included altered mentation (36%), seizures (41%), focal weakness (5%), and emesis (28%). Continuous EEG was ordered in 34% (n = 52) of admissions. Twenty-three admissions were complicated by seizures, including 8 manifesting status epilepticus (7 nonconvulsive, 1 convulsive). Asymmetry and focal slowing on EEG were associated with seizures. Moderate background slowing or worse was noted in 75% of EEGs. Among those patients monitored on EEG with a known outcome at discharge, 4 (8%) died, 3 (6%) experienced a worsening of their Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) score as compared to admission, and 44 (86%) had no change (or improvement) in their PCPC score during admission.Conclusion This study shows a high incidence of clinical and subclinical seizures during metabolic crisis in patients with IEMs. EEG background features were associated with risk of seizures as well as discharge outcomes. This is the largest study to date which investigates EEG features and risk of seizures in patients with neurometabolic disorders admitted to PICUs. This data can be used to form neuromonitoring protocols to improve mortality and morbidity in IEMs.
The Prevalence of Somatic Diseases in Swedish Adolescents with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lundqvist Sara , Röjås Sara , Bador Kourosh , Kerekes Nóra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exists alongside psychiatric comorbidities, but the prevalence of somatic diseases in adolescents with ADHD remains understudied.
Method
This study aimed to examine the prevalence rates of specific somatic diseases in adolescents with ADHD and compare them to those in adolescents without any psychiatric conditions. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Swedish upper secondary high school students aged 15–19 years. Data were collected using an electronic version of the “Mental and Somatic Health without borders” survey. In 2020, 1608 Swedish adolescents completed the survey, thereby providing information on their psychiatric and somatic diagnoses.
Results
Among the sample of Swedish adolescents, 5.5% reported ADHD diagnoses. The most common somatic diseases in the group with ADHD were allergy (43.4%), asthma (24.7%), and skin diseases (16.7%). Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of these diseases were found between the ADHD group and the comparison group, but the effect sizes of these differences were negligible (allergy [p = 0.002, Cramer’s V = 0.08]; asthma [p = 0.041, Cramer’s V = 0.06]; skin diseases [p = 0.007, Cramer’s V = 0.08]). Compared to adolescents without any diagnosed psychiatric conditions, those with ADHD reported significantly higher rates of uncertainty regarding the existence of asthma, diabetes, and rheumatoid and thyroid diseases.
Conclusions
Adolescents with ADHD reportedly experienced more somatic diseases and more uncertainty about whether they had such diseases than those without ADHD. Further research is needed to explore the underlying physiological mechanisms of ADHD and somatic comorbidities. The growing body of evidence regarding somatic difficulties in children and adolescents with ADHD prompts us to contemplate the design of treatment guidelines for somatic conditions that are tailored to the unique needs of adolescents with ADHD.
Feasibility of safe outpatient treatment in pediatric patients following intraventricular radioimmunotherapy with 131I-omburtamab for leptomeningeal disease
Authors: Prasad Kavya , Serencsits Brian E. , Chu Bae P. , Dauer Lawrence T. , Donzelli Maria , Basu Ellen , Kramer Kim , Pandit-Taskar Neeta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Radiolabeled antibody 131I-omburtamab was administered intraventricularly in patients with leptomeningeal disease under an institutionally approved study (#NCT03275402). Radiation safety precautions were tailored for individual patients, enabling outpatient treatment based on in-depth, evidence-based recommendations for such precautions. The imperative advancement of streamlined therapeutic administration procedures, eliminating the necessity for inpatient isolation and resource-intensive measures, holds pivotal significance. This development bears broader implications for analogous therapies within the pediatric patient demographic.
Methods
Intraventricular radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with 925–1850 MBq (25–50 mCi) of 131I-omburtamab was administered via the Ommaya reservoir, in designated rooms within the pediatric ambulatory care center. Dosimeters were provided to staff involved in patient care to evaluate exposure during injection and post-administration. Post-administration exposure rate readings from the patient on contact, at 0.3 m, and at 1 m were taken within the first 30 minutes, and the room was surveyed after patient discharge. Duration of radiation exposure was calculated using standard U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) regulatory guidance recommendations combined with mean exposure rates and whole-body clearance estimates. Exposure rate measurements and clearance data provided patient-specific precautions for four cohorts by age: < 3 y/o, 3–10 y/o, 10–18 y/o, and 18+.
Results
Post-administration exposure rates for patients ranged from 0.16–0.46 µSv/hr/MBq at 1 ft and 0.03–0.08 µSv/hr/MBq at 1 m. Radiation exposure duration ranged from 1–10 days after release for the four evaluated cohorts. Based on the highest measured exposure rates and slowest whole-body clearance, the longest precautions were approximately 78% lower than the regulatory guidance recommendations. Radiation exposure to staff associated with 131I-omburtamab per administration was substantially below the annual regulatory threshold for individual exposure monitoring.
Conclusion
131I-omburtamab can be administered on an outpatient basis, using appropriate patient-based radiation safety precautions that employ patient-specific exposure rate and biological clearance parameters. This trial is registered with the National Library of Medicine’s ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT03275402, and it was registered on 7 September 2017. The web link is included here. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03275402.
Prostacyclin synthase deficiency exacerbates inflammatory reactions in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in vivo
Authors: Ochiai Tsubasa , Honsawa Toshiya , Yamaguchi Keishi , Sasaki Yuka , Yokoyama Chieko , Kuwata Hiroshi , Hara Shuntaro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Sepsis is an inflammatory disorder characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. In contrast, prostacyclin (PGI2) is a bioactive lipid produced by PGI synthase (PGIS) and is known to play important roles in inflammatory reactions as well as cardiovascular regulation. However, little is known about the roles of PGIS and PGI2 in sepsis.
Methodology
Sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in wild type (WT) or PGIS knockout (KO) mice. Selexipag, a selective PGI2 receptor (IP) agonist, was administered 2 h before LPS injection and again given every 12 h for 3 days.
Results
Intraperitoneal injection of LPS induced diarrhea, shivering and hypothermia. These symptoms were more severe in PGIS KO mice than in WT mice. The expression of Tnf and Il6 genes was notably increased in PGIS KO mice. In contrast, over 95% of WT mice survived 72 h after the administration of LPS, whereas all of the PGIS KO mice had succumbed by that time. The mortality rate of LPS-administrated PGIS KO mice was improved by selexipag administration.
Conclusion
Our study suggests that PGIS-derived PGI2 negatively regulates LPS-induced symptoms via the IP receptor. Selexipag shows promise for the clinical treatment of human sepsis.
Data-driven solutions of the nonlinear Boussinesq and Schrödinger equations of second order in time with physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Hu Wei , Dong Chao , Zheng Shaolong , Gao Ruozhou , Wu Hongyu , Zhang Hongbo , Ye Yangjie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Deep learning combining the physics information is employed to solve the Boussinesq and Schrödinger equations with second-order time derivative. High prediction accuracies are achieved by adding a new initial loss term in the physics-informed neural networks along with the adaptive activation function and loss-balanced coefficients. The numerical simulations are carried out with different initial and boundary conditions, in which the relative L2-norm errors are all around 10-4. The prediction accuracies have been improved by two orders of magnitude compared to the former results in certain simulations. The dynamic behavior of solitons and their interaction are studied in the colliding and chasing process for the Boussinesq equation. More training time is needed for the solver of the Boussinesq equation when the width of the two-soliton solutions is narrower with other parameters fixed. Simulations in large domains are conducted to explore soliton and rogue wave solutions of the Schrödinger equation and the high precisions are achieved.
Graph-CNN Hybrid Advance Model for Accurate Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Time Series IoT Streams
Authors: Farooq Mansoor , Khan Mubashir , Khan Rafi A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various industries by enabling the collection of vast amounts of data from interconnected devices. However, the sheer volume and complexity of IoT data pose significant challenges for anomaly detection, especially in multivariate time series data. Traditional methods struggle to effectively capture the intricate relationships and temporal dependencies within such data. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces a pioneering approach that harnesses the combined power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for anomaly detection in multivariate time series IoT data. The novelty of our approach lies in its holistic integration of GNNs and CNNs, enabling the comprehensive analysis of both global dependencies and local temporal features within the IoT data. Through rigorous experimentation on real-world datasets, showcases the efficacy and superiority of our method over existing state-of-the-art techniques. Our approach consistently achieves superior performance metrics, compared to state-of-the-art methods. Underscoring its effectiveness in accurately detecting anomalies amidst the complexities of IoT data.
An unusual depiction of a woolly rhino from the Late Magdalenian hunting camp of Bad Kösen-Lengefeld in Central Germany
Authors: Richter Jürgen , Sauer Florian , Orrin Joel , Hageneuer Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In Central Germany, rhino images had been engraved on stone objects during the Magdalenian period, before the global extinction of the woolly rhino around 14,000 cal BP. Our recent excavations, at the Magdalenian open-air settlement site of Bad Kösen-Lengefeld, added to this record, yielding a limestone slab with a rhino portrait from an exactly stratified, thoroughly documented, and well-dated cultural context. Here we present the unique limestone slab with an engraved rhino image, unusual because of the head omitted, but aspects of the rear expressed in detail. During excavation, the limestone slab was found related to a dwelling structure marked by postholes grouped around a central fireplace. Reindeer and horses were hunted close to, and killed at the site, and ice foxes were exploited for their furs. 14 C-samples collected from all parts of the settlement attest for a short period of occupation around 15,350 ± 50 cal BP making the rhino portrait one of the latest of its kind, eventually documenting the last sighting of a woolly rhino in general, by humans. Moreover, its found context would make this rhino portrait a fixture in Magdalenian style chronology.
Human exposure to heavy metals over the last 100 years
Authors: Brudecki Kamil , Pasieka Agnieszka , Franczak Renata , Pankowska Anna , Kołodziej Małgorzata , Lorenc-Brudecka Jadwiga , Łokas Edyta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of the presented research was to assess the impact of intense global economic development, over the last 100 years, on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the human body. This evaluation was conducted based on the measurement of heavy metals in human hair samples collected 100 years ago in present-day southern Poland. In this study, concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and selenium (Se) were measured in 61 hair samples, 28 of which were obtained from individuals who lived 100 years ago, while the remaining 33 constituted the contemporary control group. The concentrations were determined using a triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Agilent 8900). To assess the significance of differences in heavy metal content between the individual groups, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used. In the case of As, Pb, Cd, and Fe, the concentrations were significantly higher in individuals who lived 100 years ago compared to those living today. Over this period, the median concentrations were shown to have decreased by 95%, 94%, 85%, and 69% for As, Pb, Cd, and Fe, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed for Cu, Zn, and Se. The results obtained for Pb, Cd, As, and Fe unequivocally indicate that the population studied from 100 years ago was more exposed to internal contamination with these metals than people currently living.
Thulium Laser energy versus Bipolar current in transurethral enucleation of large prostates; a multicenter prospective randomized study
Authors: Yehia Ahmed , Eladawy Mahmoud , abdelhamid Mahmoud 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose: Endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) was introduced to treat patients with large prostate.
The study compared Bipolar current and Thulium laser in endoscopic enucleation of large prostates above 80 gm.
Methods: This is a prospective conducted study of 120 male patients. The patients were randomized equally into two groups (Thulium vapo-enucleation and bipolar enucleation). All patients were preoperatively evaluated; we monitored Operative time hemoglobin drop, intraoperative and early postoperative complications, hospital stay, and time of catheter removal. All patients followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months to detect urinary and sexual functional outcome and any postoperative complications.
Results: The preoperative characteristics of both groups were comparable. The mean prostate volume in ThuVEP group was 122.33 ± 24.34 and in bipolar group was 120.88 ± 25.66, (P value: 0.751). We found significant comparable improvement in IPSS score, urinary Q max, and PVR postoperatively in both groups at all follow up points. After one month, urgency urinary incontinence was reported in 34 (56.7%) cases in ThuVEP and 14 (23.3%) cases in bipolar enucleation group respectively (P value 0.001), and stress urinary insentience was in 44 (73.3%) cases in ThuVEP and 26 (43.3%) cases in bipolar enucleation group respectively (P value 0.001). Both types of incontinence improved after 3 months in both groups , three cases in ThuVEP group had persistent stress incontinence after one year.
Conclusion: ThuVEP and bipolar enucleation are comparable treatment modalities for large prostate (>80 ml).
Identification of promising sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) families and clones based on cane and sugar productivity traits in early selection stages
Authors: K. Mallikarjun P. , Patil Sanjay B. , G. Hanamaratti N. , Patil C. R. , Patil P. V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sugarcane is a major source of sugar, facing constant pressure to enhance productivity due to the increased cost of cultivation and fluctuating global market prices. Identification of productive hybrid progenies for varietal development plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity, which is a cost-effective approach. Selecting the right parent combinations in breeding is essential for creating high-yielding progenies. In this context, 33 families were evaluated for germination, seedling survival percentage and productivity traits in the segregating seedling generation. Overall across diverse crosses, out of 3,020 seedlings, 2,284 survived, with certain crosses showing better performance. A total of 482 clones were selected based on their productivity and visual traits of commercial importance compared to the popular check, Co 86032. These selected clones were further evaluated for cane and sugar productivity traits in the first clonal generation. High heritability was observed for most traits, indicating the effectiveness of selection. Among the clones studied, SNK 191675, SNK 190690 and SNK 191748 exhibited significantly higher cane and sugar productivity traits compared to the popular check, Co 86032. Furthermore, this study identified promising families such as CoVC 14062 × CoT 8201, Thirumadhuram × CoPant 97222, Co 86032 × CoSe 92423, CoVC 14062 × Co 775, MS 68/47, Co 86011 and Co 99004, showing superior performance in both the seedling and first clonal generations in terms of germination, seedling establishment and the percentage of selectable segregants, along with productivity traits. These results hold significant importance for identifying promising families and productive clones to enhance cane and sugar productivity.
Gestural sequences in wild spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Authors: Corral Eva , Rodriguez Sara Cardoso , Liebal Katja , Llorente Miquel , Amici Federica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To date, research on gestural communication in species other than great apes has been quite limited, especially in their natural habitat. In this study, we aimed to explore the use of gestural sequences in an understudied neotropical primate species, Geoffroy’s spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). To this aim, we conducted behavioural observations via focal sampling on a wild group consisting of 54 individuals and collected 709 gestures, including 125 sequences and 182 gestures that were not part of a sequence. Most sequences included 2-4 gestures and were produced in the play context. Sequences often continued even after triggering the recipient’s response and were mostly produced by males and younger individuals, toward younger recipients. Only three sequences (i.e., embrace-pectoral sniff, push-present climb, grab-grab pull) occurred more than twice and were not mere repetitions of the same gesture type. Our results suggest that sequences are common in the gestural communication of spider monkeys and that they are likely the result of increased emotional arousal, rather than an attempt to convey novel meaning.
Psychological impacts of thermal ablation and conventional thyroidectomy in BTN patients: a prospective observation study
Authors: Zhang Pan , Li Genpeng , Wei Tao , Zhu Jingqiang , Li Zhihui , Lei Jianyong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Thermal ablation and conventional thyroidectomy are effective therapeutic methods for treating benign thyroid nodules (BTNs), but the psychological impacts of these methods in BTN patients are largely unknown.Materials and methods This survey study prospectively enrolled patients who were admitted to our hospital from July 2021 to July 2022. The four validated scales were applied to quantify the psychological distress and sleep quality at five points (the day admitted to the hospital, the day discharged from the hospital, and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment). Participants who were diagnosed with BTNs and completed the questionnaires were ultimately enrolled and divided into thermal ablation and conventional thyroidectomy groups. A propensity score matching (PSM) cohort was subsequently developed to evaluate longitudinal and cross-sectional changes in psychological-related indicators.Results Among 548 eligible BTN patients, 460 patients completed all the questionnaires throughout the follow-up (response rate: 83.94%), including 368 (80.00%) patients underwent thermal ablation, and 92 (20.00%) patients underwent conventional thyroidectomy. After PSM, a total of 342 patients were enrolled (256 patients underwent thermal ablation and 86 patients underwent conventional thyroidectomy). The psychological-related indicators of patients in the thermal ablation group remained relatively stable during the 6-month follow-up, but patients in the conventional thyroidectomy group may face greater anxiety and sleep quality concerns in the longitudinal assessment. Additionally, in the cross-sectional evaluation, the sleep quality of the thermal ablation group was also found better than that of the conventional thyroidectomy group postoperatively.Conclusions Thermal ablation is superior to conventional thyroidectomy for BTN patients in terms of psychological-related indicators.