bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next Generation Weight Loss Drugs for the Prevention of Cancer?
Authors: Carbonell Chantelle , Mathew Stephen Mariet , Ruan Yibing , Warkentin Matthew T. , Brenner Darren R. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Western populations are losing the battle over healthy weight management, and excess body weight is a notable cancer risk factor at the population level. There is ongoing interest in pharmacological interventions aimed at promoting weight loss, including GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), which may be a useful tool to stem the rising tide of obesity-related cancers. Purpose: To investigate the potential of next generation weight loss drugs (NGWLD) like GLP-1RA in population-level chemoprevention. Research Design: We used the OncoSim microsimulation tool to estimate the population-level reductions in obesity and the potentially avoidable obesity-related cancers in Canada over the next 25 years. Results: We estimated a total of 71 281 preventable cancers by 2049, with 36 235 and 35 046 cancers prevented for females and males, respectively. Among the 327 254 total projected cancer cases in 2049, 1.3% are estimated to be preventable through intervention with NGWLD. Conclusions: Pharmacologic intervention is not the ideal solution for the obesity-related cancer crisis. However, these agents and subsequent generations provide an additional tool to rapidly reduce body weight and adiposity in populations that have been extremely challenging to reduce weight with standard diet and exercise approaches. Additional research is needed around approaches to prevent initial weight gain and maintain long-term weight loss.
Benefits of simulation for ultrasound-guided midline placement training: MC-in-Sim pilot study
Authors: Slosse Côme , Roche Anaïs , Hossu Gabriela , Fantin Luca , Amouyal Noémie , Hani Hind , Bouaziz Hervé , Ambroise-Grandjean Gaëlle 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Ultrasound-guided placement of Midlines catheters (MCs) is a standard procedure with many benefits for patients. Even if there are some guidelines worldwide, this invasive technique is still taught at the patient’s bed and relies on mentoring in many care centers. The performance of this care by novice practitioners raises ethical and quality of care issues mainly because of its risk of complications. This study aimed to propose and assess a simulation-based learning method for the placement of MCs in novice practitioners. Methods: A single-center prospective observational study was conducted with anesthesia residents who had no prior experience of Midline placement. Two workshops were planned. The first one consisted of a theoretical training and a simulated practical phase. The second workshop included an assessment of theoretical memorization, a practical exercise and adherence to the training program. Results: The median score of the theoretical memorization was 14.6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 13.5–15.8). The MCs placement time was significantly higher (Med: 12.23 min; IQR: 12.21–12.80) for novice practitioners who did not successfully complete solo MCs placement in simulation versus novice practitioners who successfully completed solo MCs placement in simulation 6.66 min (IQR: 5.92–8.93) ( p = 0.002). The number of attempts was significantly higher ( p = 0.034) for the novice practitioners who did not successfully complete solo MCs placement in simulation with 67% having performed three punctures, against 0% for the novice practitioners who successfully completed solo MCs placement in simulation. All novice practitioners found this training model efficient for learning how to place MCs and considered it allows for reproducibility in care situations. Conclusion: This ultrasound-guided MCs training on simulation is an agile and fast alternative to traditional bedside training for anesthesia novice practitioners.
Indoor Air Pollution: A Review on the Challenges in Third World Countries
Authors: Emetere ME , Olaniyan IE , Fadiji JO , Olaogun KA , Adeniji NO , Deji-Jinadu BB , Olapade OT 
Published: March 2024

Background: The challenges of third-world countries toward curbing indoor air pollution seem insurmountable as its solution is closely linked to their economic incapacities, lifestyle, and existing outdoor air quality. The economic incapacities include types of the cookstove, fuel sources, types of insecticides and pesticides, building patterns, indoor fermentation activities (such as leaving dirty plates and biological waste in the house for a long time), and regulation on the use of deodorants. Aside from the common pollutants from these sources, the reactive chemistry of pollutants leads to other kinds of pollutants which have been reported to be short-lived but dangerous. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to: profile emerging indoor pollutants; examine the pollutant dynamics and their impact on unplanned regions of developing countries; offer solutions to curb indoor pollution in the identified region; elaborate on the cost analysis of existing solutions and how irrelevant they may be due to the rising poverty index; and project how government policies could help in reducing indoor pollution. Design: This paper is a review that wholistically examined indoor pollution. A total of fifty-six articles was reviewed in addition to the data obtained from MERRA-2. Results: The study observed that indoor air pollution dynamics are more complex—compared to outdoor air pollution. It was observed that the possibility to control indoor air pollution is based on the type of pollutants, the reactive chemistry of the pollutants, and ventilation in the building. This review shows that poverty is one of the many reasons why indoor air pollution would be a source of menace for a long time in third-world countries. Several solutions to curbing indoor air pollution were considered with a principal focus on cost and availability. Limitations: Most experimental results that were used to corroborate postulates were obtained from the literature. The accuracy of those experiments and the sensitivity of the equipment used cannot be verified. Conclusion: The plant-based technique was identified as a perfect solution to indoor air pollution control in third-world countries but the local architecture and lifestyle of most third-world countries constitute a threat to its adoption. It was observed that less than 8% of third-world countries have specific Air Quality Acts which have not been amended for decades. Most third-world countries have a general Environmental Act with air quality as a sub-section in the Act with very low fines for violators. The inclusion of indoor air quality as a vital public health issue in third-world countries is necessary for the preservation of lives and posterity.
Ethiopian Street Foods: Working Conditions and Governance Perspectives. A Qualitative Study
Authors: Moges Mathewos , Rodland Ernest Kristian , Argaw Ambelu 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Street foods are foods and beverages as either ready for direct consumption or minimally processed, prepared, and/or sold by vendors and handlers. The objective of this study was to explore the condition and governance of street foods in Ethiopia. Method: A qualitative exploratory study was employed from December 2022 to January 2023 in Addis Ababa, Hawassa, Dire Dawa, and Jimma, cities of Ethiopia. Twelve respondents comprised key informants from selected governmental sectors were interviewed. The purposive sampling method was used to recruit study participants. The number of participants interviewed was determined by the information saturation criterion, and data were collected at the interviewee’s offices. Data were collected by using key informant interview technique and audio recorded. An interview guide was used to facilitate interviews and thematic analysis was employed. The Overall data management process was conducted using Atlas-ti V 8 software. Result: The result revealed there were 4 thematic areas these were street food vendors and vending process, policy content and implementation, integration and coordination of sectors, and the way forward. The street food vendors prepared their food in an insanitary manner, absence of common working places for the vendors, lack of due emphasis for the street food vendors in the national food and nutrition policy, lack of formalization and legalization of street food vendors, poor coordination among sectors and institutions work on street food governance, and weakness on the implementation of rules and regulations in controlling street food vendors were the prominent gaps that were identified in the policy. Conclusion: Though Ethiopia has a national food and nutrition policy, the policy doesn’t adequately address the street food vending sector. Besides, it is not well communicated to the implementers resulting in poor policy implementation. Quantifying socio-economic benefits of street food vending activities in Ethiopia needs further investigation.
Trust and easy access to home care staff are associated with older adults’ sense of security: a Swedish longitudinal study
Authors: Johansson-Pajala Rose-Marie , Alam Moudud , K. Gusdal Annelie , Marmstål Hammar Lena , Boström Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2024

Aim: Older adults are increasingly encouraged to continue living in their own homes with support from home care services. However, few studies have focused on older adults’ safety in home care. This study explored associations between the sense of security and factors related to demographic characteristics and home care services. Methods: The mixed longitudinal design was based on a retrospective national survey. The study population consisted of individuals in Sweden (aged 65+ years) granted home care services at any time between 2016 and 2020 ( n=82,834−94,714). Multiple ordinal logistic regression models were fitted using the generalised estimation equation method to assess the strength of relationship between the dependent (sense of security) and independent (demographics, health and care-related factors) variables. Results: The sense of security tended to increase between 2016 and 2020, and was significantly associated with being a woman, living outside big cities, being granted more home care services hours or being diagnosed/treated for depression (cumulative odds ratio 2–9% higher). Anxiety, poor health and living alone were most strongly associated with insecurity (cumulative odds ratio 17–64% lower). Aside from overall satisfaction with home care services, accessibility and confidence in staff influenced the sense of security most. Conclusions: We stress the need to promote older adults’ sense of security for safe ageing in place, as mandated by Swedish law. Home care services profoundly influence older adults’ sense of security. Therefore, it is vital to prioritise continuity in care, establish trust and build relationships with older adults. Given the increasing shortage of staff, integrating complementary measures, such as welfare technologies, is crucial to promoting this sense of security.
Clinical implications of frailty assessed in hospitalized patients with acute-exacerbation of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Van Hollebeke Marine , Chohan Karan , Adams Colin J. , Fisher Jolene H. , Shapera Shane , Fidler Lee , Goligher Ewan C. , Martinu Tereza , Wickerson Lisa , Mathur Sunita , Singer Lianne G. , Reid W. Darlene , Rozenberg Dmitry 
Published: March 2024

Background Approximately 50% of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) experience frailty, which remains unexplored in acute exacerbations of ILD (AE-ILD). A better understanding may help with prognostication and resource planning. We evaluated the association of frailty with clinical characteristics, physical function, hospital outcomes, and post-AE-ILD recovery. Methods Retrospective cohort study of AE-ILD patients (01/2015–10/2019) with frailty (proportion ≥0.25) on a 30-item cumulative-deficits index. Frail and non-frail patients were compared for pre- and post-hospitalization clinical characteristics, adjusted for age, sex, and ILD diagnosis. One-year mortality, considering transplantation as a competing risk, was analysed adjusting for age, frailty, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Results 89 AE-ILD patients were admitted (median: 67 years, 63% idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). 31 were frail, which was associated with older age, greater CCI, lower 6-min walk distance, and decreased independence pre-hospitalization. Frail patients had more major complications (32% vs 10%, p = .01) and required more multidisciplinary support during hospitalization. Frailty was not associated with 1-year mortality (HR: 0.97, 95%CI: [0.45–2.10]) factoring transplantation as a competing risk. Conclusions Frailty was associated with reduced exercise capacity, increased comorbidities and hospital complications. Identifying frailty may highlight those requiring additional multidisciplinary support, but further study is needed to explore whether frailty is modifiable with AE-ILD.
Endovascular vs surgical treatment of sigmoid sinus diverticulum causing pulsatile tinnitus: A systematic review
Authors: Sathya Anvitha , Nguyen Thanh N , Klein Piers , Finitsis Stephanos , Setty Bindu N , Dmytriw Adam A. , Fargen Kyle M , Hui Ferdinand K , Weber Peter , Amans Matthew R , Abdalkader Mohamad 
Published: March 2024

Introduction Sigmoid sinus diverticulum (SSD) has been increasingly reported as a cause of pulsatile tinnitus (PT). While both endovascular and surgical treatments have been used, there is a lack of consensus on the treatment modality to treat SSD. We conducted a systematic review of the available literature to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of endovascular versus surgical approaches for treating SSD. Methods A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify studies encompassing the management of SSD. Studies reporting the clinical outcomes and safety of endovascular or surgical treatments for SSD between January 2000 and January 2023 were included. Results were characterized using descriptive statistics. Results Endovascular treatment (EVT) was reported by 17 articles, yielding 26 patients with 27 diverticula. Surgical treatment was reported by 20 articles, yielding 105 patients with 107 diverticula. EVT led to complete or near-complete resolution in all patients with SSD and PT. Complications occurred in 3.7% (1/27) with a return to baseline after 2 months. There were no permanent complications from EVT. Surgical treatment resulted in complete resolution in 77.6% (83/107) of cases, incomplete resolution in 11.2% (12/107), and no resolution in 11.2% (12/107). Significant complications occurred in 9.3% (10/107) of the surgical-treated patients. Conclusion EVT in patients with PT and venous diverticulum appears more effective and safer than surgical treatment, but large studies are lacking. Studies directly comparing endovascular and surgical treatment are needed.
Application of artificial intelligence in brain arteriovenous malformations: Angioarchitectures, clinical symptoms and prognosis prediction
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Xiang Sishi , Li Guilin 
Published: March 2024

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly advanced in the medical field, leveraging its intelligence and automation for the management of various diseases. Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are particularly noteworthy, experiencing rapid development in recent years and yielding remarkable results. This paper aims to summarize the applications of AI in the management of AVMs management. Methods Literatures published in PubMed during 1999–2022, discussing AI application in AVMs management were reviewed. Results AI algorithms have been applied in various aspects of AVM management, particularly in machine learning and deep learning models. Automatic lesion segmentation or delineation is a promising application that can be further developed and verified. Prognosis prediction using machine learning algorithms with radiomic-based analysis is another meaningful application. Conclusions AI has been widely used in AVMs management. This article summarizes the current research progress, limitations and future research directions.
Irg1/itaconate activates Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and mitigates septic liver injury in mice
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Li Kexin , Qiu Jinghuan , Zhang Li , Wang Xiaoliang , Zhang Qiuhong , Qin Yin , Liu Jie , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Immune-responsive gene 1 ( Irg1)-catalyzed production of itaconate is a bioactive metabolite with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Liver injury is closely related to poor outcomes in septic patients, while prevention of liver injury is essential for the pharmacological control of sepsis. This study investigated the pathological and pharmacological significance of Irg1/itaconate in septic liver injury.Methods: Septic liver injury was induced in mice by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The hepatic mRNA and protein contents of Irg1 were detected. To investigate the pathological meaning of Irg1, septic liver injury was induced in Irg1 knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates, and the degree of liver injury, hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress and the activation of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were subsequently determined. Finally, to explore the gene’s pharmacological potential, 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI; 50 mg/kg), a derivative of itaconate that could cross cell membranes, was administered intraperitoneally. The mobilization of Nrf2/HO-1 and liver injury were then evaluated.Results: The level of Irg1 expression was dramatically enhanced in mice with septic liver injury. Additionally, Irg1 deletion leaded to higher ALT and AST levels, elevated inflammatory and oxidative-stress indicators and compromised stimulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. However, administering 4-OI restored the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway which mitigated liver injury and inhibited hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress.Conclusions: The results figured that elevation of Irg1 might be a protective event that control the progress of septic liver injury, while 4-OI might have latent significance for the pharmaceutical intervention of septic liver injury.
Accuracy of the Pancolonic Modified Mayo Score in predicting the long-term outcomes of ulcerative colitis: a promising scoring system
Authors: Bacsur Péter , Wetwittayakhlang Panu , Resál Tamás , Földi Emese , Vasas Béla , Farkas Bernadett , Rutka Mariann , Bessissow Talat , Afif Waqqas , Bálint Anita , Fábián Anna , Bor Renáta , Szepes Zoltán , Farkas Klaudia , Lakatos Peter L , Molnár Tamás 
Published: March 2024

Background: Different endoscopic scoring systems for assessing ulcerative colitis (UC) severity are available. However, most of them are not correlated with disease extent. Objectives: Our study aimed to compare the predictive value of the PanMay score versus the endoscopic Mayo (MES), Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS), and Dublin score in predicting long-term outcomes of UC. Design: This retrospective study enrolled consecutive UC patients who underwent colonoscopy before at least a 3-year follow-up. Methods: The PanMayo, MES, UCEIS, and Dublin scores and the baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of the participants were assessed. Endpoints were disease flare that required novel biological therapy, colectomy, and hospitalization. Patients were stratified using baseline clinical activity. Results: Approximately 62.8% of the 250 enrolled patients were in clinical remission. In these patients, the PanMayo, MES, and Dublin scores were positively associated with the risk of clinical flare. The MES score increased with clinical flare. The PanMayo score (>12 points), but not the MES score, was associated with the need for novel biological initiation and biological escalation. Furthermore, the Dublin and UCEIS scores of patients in remission who need novel biological treatment had a similar trend. Colectomy risk was associated with PanMayo and Dublin scores. Conclusion: The combined endoscopic assessment of disease extent and severity can be more accurate in predicting outcomes among patients with UC. PanMayo score can be utilized in addition to the existing scoring systems, thereby leading to a more accurate examination. Summary: UC endoscopic scores do not assess extension. Our study aimed to analyze the predictive value of the PanMayo score. Based on 250 patients, results showed that the long-term disease outcomes of UC could be predicted with the PanMayo score more accurately.
Le comportement alimentaire des étudiants de l’Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun : entre la littératie alimentaire, la littératie en santé et l'e-littératie alimentaire
Authors: Wamba André , Laoungang Ange Maïn-Ndeiang , Soh Gustave 
Published: March 2024

Résumé : Contexte : Il est connu que les maladies non transmissibles s’originent dans les habitudes et les choix alimentaires, et la littératie en santé est le meilleur déterminant de la santé d’un individu au 21e siècle. Or, cet aspect reste peu exploré en contexte camerounais. Dès lors, cette étude examine la relation entre la littératie en santé, la littératie alimentaire, la littératie alimentaire numérique et le comportement alimentaire des étudiants de l’Université de Yaoundé I. Méthodes : Un total de 240 étudiants âgés de 18 à 48 ans ( M = 21,97 ans, ET = 7,03), dont 149 (62,1 %) femmes, sélectionnés par commodité, ont rempli un questionnaire composite comprenant des échelles de mesure de la littératie en santé (Health Literacy Survey European Union Questionnaire Short Form), de la littératie alimentaire (Short Food Literacy Questionnaire), de la littératie alimentaire numérique (eHealth Literacy Scale) et du comportement alimentaire (General Dietary Behavior Inventory). Les données ont été analysées grâce au logiciel SPSS, v.20, en utilisant des tests de Mann-Whitney, de Kruskal-Wallis, de Spearman et des modèles linéaires généralisés. Résultats : Les résultats ont montré que le comportement alimentaire n’est pas associé aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques des étudiants. L’analyse des modèles linéaires généralisés a démontré que le comportement alimentaire des étudiants est influencé par la littératie alimentaire (β = 1,503, p < 0,001), la littératie en santé (β = 1,191, p < 0,05) et la littératie alimentaire numérique (β = 1,263, p < 0,001). De même, prises ensemble, elles entrainent une variation de 6,929 sur le comportement alimentaire (χ²(3) = 63,070, β = 6,929, p < 0,001). Conclusion : L’étude suggère que plus de recherches sur d’autres sous-groupes de population sont nécessaires afin de fournir des données pour des interventions en faveur d’une alimentation saine.