bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Au‐decorated WO3 nanoplates for simultaneous oxidation of RhB and reduction of Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation
Authors: Do Thi Anh Thu , Ho Truong Giang , Giang Hong Thai , Pham Quang Ngan , Nguyen Duc Toan , Nghiem Thi Ha Lien , Nguyen Trung Hieu , Man Minh Tan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTungsten oxide (WO3) nanoplates were synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation technique. These nanoplates were decorated by Au nanoparticles via photoreduction route. The obtained samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to investigate their morphological, structural and optical properties. The SEM images show the plate morphology with the size in the range of 50–150 nm, their thickness ≈10 nm; spherical‐like Au nanoparticles ≈20 nm were attached to the surface of the WO3 plates. These materials were applied for the simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cr(VI) under visible light. Due to the efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers and the enhanced visible light absorption ability, the photocatalytic performance of Au‐decorated WO3 nanoplates was higher. The main active species responsible for the photodegradation reactions were identified by different scavengers and a photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. This work represents that WO3 nanoplates are a promising candidate for the degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants from the industrial wastewater under sun light exposure.
Synthesis of magnesium hydroxide powder and dry powders for application in extinguishing petroleum fires
Authors: Le Giang H. , Thanh Duong A. , My Pham T. H. , Pham Trang T. T. , Quan Trang T. T. , Nguyen Quan Minh , Ngo Quoc Anh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFire extinguishing agents are an important factor in the fight against fires. In this study, a new composite powder (CSPMS) was synthesized and used to extinguish fires caused by petroleum products. SiO2 nanoparticles, Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles, and nanocomposites of NH4H2PO4/chitosan (CSP) were combined to generate CSPMS powder. The structure and morphology of the material were characterized using methods such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, etc. The results showed that the synthesized Mg(OH)2 nanoparticle size ranged from 20 to 30 nm, and the NH4H2PO4 nanoparticle size ranged from 800 to 900 nm on the chitosan surface. The CSPMS material had particle sizes ranging from 2 to 3 µm, with a uniform distribution of SiO2 nanoparticles (50–100 nm) and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles on the surface. The powdered materials were applied to extinguish gasoline and oil fires. CSPMS sample demonstrated the best fire extinguishing time and powder consumption (5.8 s and 12.2 g, respectively) and CO emission below the threshold of 400 ppm. Small‐scale fire extinguishing tests showed that CSPMS powder had better fire extinguishing capability, cooling time, and CO gas adsorption ability compared to commercial fire extinguishing powder.
Magnetic Fe3O4/Fe‐Mn binary oxide/bentonite nanocomposite ‐ a novel adsorbent for removal of reactive red 195 dye from water
Authors: Duong Nguyen Binh , Trang Quan Thi Thu , Lam Pham Van , Bich Phan Thi Ngoc 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, a nanocomposite, Fe3O4/Fe‐Mn binary oxide/bentonite (FFMB), was synthesized, characterized and evaluated its adsorption behavior of azo Reactive Red 195 dye (RR‐195) in aqueous solution. The results of characterization (X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopies, vibration‐sample magnetometer, etc.) demonstrate that FFMB consists of Fe3O4 core and Fe2O3‐MnO2 binary oxide shell, which are distributed relatively uniformly on the exfoliated bentonite support with BET surface area of about 188 m2 g−1. It exhibits superparamagnetic properties with saturation magnetization of 39.6 emu g−1. The results of batch adsorption experiments show that the material has high ability of RR‐195 adsorption in terms of both adsorption rate and capacity. The adsorption efficiency was highest at pH 2–3. The adsorption process followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models with a rather high maximum adsorption capacity of 163.4 mg g−1. Besides, Weber–Morris kinetic and Temkin isotherm models also provide useful insight into the adsorption mechanism. The material shows a good reusability. After 5 adsorption–desorption cycles the adsorption efficiency reached about 75% of the first cycle and the saturation magnetization decreased insignificantly. These results reveal that FFMB can become an alternative adsorbent for azo dye removal from wastewaters.
Electrospun multi‐chamber core–shell nanofibers and their controlled release behaviors: A review
Authors: Liu Yubo , Chen Xiaohong , Lin Xiangde , Yan Jiayong , Yu Deng‐Guang , Liu Ping , Yang Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCore–shell structure is a concentric circle structure found in nature. The rapid development of electrospinning technology provides more approaches for the production of core–shell nanofibers. The nanoscale effects and expansive specific surface area of core–shell nanofibers can facilitate the dissolution of drugs. By employing ingenious structural designs and judicious polymer selection, specialized nanofiber drug delivery systems can be prepared to achieve controlled drug release. The synergistic combination of core–shell structure and materials exhibits a strong strategy for enhancing the drug utilization efficiency and customizing the release profile of drugs. Consequently, multi‐chamber core–shell nanofibers hold great promise for highly efficient disease treatment. However, little attention concentration is focused on the effect of multi‐chamber core–shell nanofibers on controlled release of drugs. In this review, we introduced different fabrication techniques for multi‐chamber core–shell nanostructures, including advanced electrospinning technologies and surface functionalization. Subsequently, we reviewed the different controlled drug release behaviors of multi‐chamber core–shell nanofibers and their potential needs for disease treatment. The comprehensive elucidation of controlled release behaviors based on electrospun multi‐chamber core–shell nanostructures could inspire the exploration of novel controlled delivery systems. Furthermore, once these fibers with customizable drug release profiles move toward industrial mass production, they will potentially promote the development of pharmacy and the treatment of various diseases.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Der Gegenstand der Untersuchung als Thema der sozialen Erkenntnistheorie
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIch habe diese Untersuchung bereits als der sozialen Erkenntnistheorie zugehörig charakterisiert. In diesem Kapitel möchte ich diese Zuordnung nun noch etwas weiter präzisieren. Alvin Goldman (2011) hat in einer einfluss- und aufschlussreichen Darstellung drei Strömungen oder Typen der sozialen Erkenntnistheorie bzw. Sozialepistemologie unterschieden. Eine erste Strömung befasst sich mit dem Verhalten individueller doxastischer Akteure, die in ihrem epistemischen Verhalten auf soziale Evidenzen zurückgreifen („individual doxastic agents (IDAS) with social evidence“).
Epistemische Arbeitsteilung
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungSich auf andere Akteure epistemisch zu stützen, gehört zu unseren elementaren epistemischen Verhaltensweisen. Wer sich nur auf seine eigenen Sinne und sein eigenes Schlussfolgerungsvermögen stützen müsste, wäre zu einem wesentlich beschränkteren epistemischen Leben verdammt (wobei fraglich ist, ob der komplette Verzicht auf das Sich-Stützen auf andere eine auch nur mögliche Option wäre – immerhin dürfte das Kleinkind unweigerlich darauf angewiesen sein, verschiedenste Informationen von anderen Personen einfach ungeprüft zu übernehmen). Niemand hat auch nur ansatzweise das insgesamt verfügbare Wissen zur Verfügung, und in sehr vielen Fällen haben wir nur die Möglichkeit, andere zu fragen oder anderweitig auf von anderen bereitgestellte Informationen zurückzugreifen.
Epistemische Autorität im Kontext gegenwärtiger sozialepistemologischer Debatten
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungTrotz der großen Bedeutung sozialer Erkenntnisquellen sowohl für unsere öffentliche als auch unsere private epistemische Praxis (wahrscheinlich sind ein großer Teil der Erkenntnisse, die wir über die Welt besitzen, Erkenntnisse „aus zweiter Hand“) hat die Erkenntnistheorie – mit Ausnahme einiger klassischer Autoren wie Locke, Hume oder Reid – dieses Thema lange Zeit eher stiefmütterlich behandelt. Erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich die soziale Erkenntnistheorie als eigenständige Subdisziplin entwickelt und versucht, dieses Ungleichgewicht zu korrigieren. Die Debatte über epistemische Autorität lässt sich als ein spezieller Strang innerhalb der sozialen Erkenntnistheorie betrachten, der insbesondere zu Goldmans erster Strömung gezählt werden kann. Maßgebliche Impulse hat diese Debatte durch das Buch Epistemic Authority: A Theory of Trust, Authority, and Autonomy in Belief von Linda Zagzebski (2012) erhalten, an das sich eine intensive Diskussion angeschlossen hat.
Das Definitionsproblem: Was ist (eine) epistemische Autorität?
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIch beginne meine Diskussion der Kernprobleme, die eine Theorie epistemischer Autorität zu bewältigen hat, mit der Frage, welchen begrifflichen Inhalt der Ausdruck „epistemische Autorität“ eigentlich genau hat und wie er von anderen Ausdrücken wie „Experte“ oder „Expertise“ abzugrenzen ist. Zunächst müssen jedoch einige methodologische Präliminarien geklärt werden.
Das Identifikationsproblem: Wie erkennt man epistemische Autoritäten und ihre Überzeugungen?
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungSich auf eine epistemische Autorität zu stützen, heißt, deren Überzeugungen (oder sonstige sie betreffende geeignete Tatsachen) als Wahrheitsindikatoren zu verwenden. Dazu muss zunächst erst einmal eine epistemische Autorität als solche erkannt werden. Man will sich in seiner Überzeugungsbildung ja nicht auf beliebige Akteure stützen, auch nicht auf solche, die lediglich vortäuschen, epistemische Autoritäten zu sein, sondern vielmehr auf solche, die es tatsächlich sind.
Empirical Definition of a Scale-up
Authors: Coad Alex , Bornhäll Anders , Daunfeldt Sven-Olov , McKelvie Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis book distinguishes between a theoretical definition and an empirical definition. The theoretical definition seeks to clarify the concept of a scale-up in the minds of readers, using familiar theoretical concepts (such as marginal cost) that may be prohibitively difficult to measure in standard datasets, because the theoretical ideas do not map neatly into empirical variables. An empirical definition is stated in terms of empirically relevant variables and concepts such as growth rates, growth indicators, and other variables that are found in available datasets. This chapter develops the empirical definition. It starts by stating four desirable properties of an empirical definition, and proceeds in 2 steps: Step 1 involves taking the subset of HGFs; and Step 2 involves selecting scale-ups from among non-scale-up HGFs on the basis of seven proposed conditions.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Coad Alex , Bornhäll Anders , Daunfeldt Sven-Olov , McKelvie Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter closes the book with a brief summary of the book’s purpose, and a brief statement of the theoretical and empirical definitions of scale-ups. While we argue that our book is timely, we also acknowledge the limitations of our book, chief among which is the data limitation of missing values affecting our empirical analysis.
Use of human predictive patch test (HPPT) data for the classification of skin sensitization hazard and potency
Authors: Herzler Matthias , Abedini Jaleh , Allen David G. , Germolec Dori , Gordon John , Ko Hon-Sum , Matheson Joanna , Reinke Emily , Strickland Judy , Thierse Hermann-Josef , To Kim , Truax James , Vanselow Jens T. , Kleinstreuer Nicole 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSince the 1940s, patch tests in healthy volunteers (Human Predictive Patch Tests, HPPTs) have been used to identify chemicals that cause skin sensitization in humans. Recently, we reported the results of a major curation effort to support the development of OECD Guideline 497 on Defined Approaches (DAs) for skin sensitization (OECD in Guideline No. 497: Defined Approaches on Skin Sensitisation, 2021a. https://doi.org/10.1787/b92879a4-en). In the course of this work, we compiled and published a database of 2277 HPPT results for 1366 unique test substances (Strickland et al. in Arch Toxicol 97:2825–2837, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03530-3). Here we report a detailed analysis of the value of HPPT data for classification of chemicals as skin sensitizers under the United Nations’ Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). As a result, we propose the dose per skin area (DSA) used for classification by the GHS to be replaced by or complemented with a dose descriptor that may better reflect sensitization incidence [e.g., the DSA causing induction of sensitization in one individual (DSA1+) or the DSA leading to an incidence of induction in 5% of the tested individuals (DSA05)]. We also propose standardized concepts and workflows for assessing individual HPPT results, for integrating multiple HPPT results and for using them in concert with Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) data in a weight of evidence (WoE) assessment. Overall, our findings show that HPPT results are often not sufficient for deriving unambiguous classifications on their own. However, where they are, the resulting classifications are reliable and reproducible and can be integrated well with those from other skin sensitization data, such as the LLNA.
Matrix Kloosterman sums modulo prime powers
Authors: Erdélyi M. , Tóth Á. , Zábrádi G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe give optimal bounds for matrix Kloosterman sums modulo prime powers extending earlier work of the first two authors on the case of prime moduli. These exponential sums arise in the theory of the horocyclic flow on $$GL_n$$

G

L
n

.
Review on deep-fat fried foods: physical and chemical attributes, and consequences of high consumption
Authors: Dangal Anish , Tahergorabi Reza , Acharya Dev Raj , Timsina Prekshya , Rai Kishor , Dahal Sangam , Acharya Priti , Giuffrè Angelo Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeep-fat frying is a widely discussed topic globally in the field of food processing due to the growing consumer demand. These foods are known for their appealing outer appearance, crispy texture, and rich taste. The increased consumption of deep-fat fried foods has raised concerns regarding potential health issues, as they are often high in calories and may contain unfavorable compounds formed during the process of deep frying. This review aims to provide an overview of previous studies examining the physical, chemical, and nutritional changes that occur in fried foods, the mechanisms of fat uptake during frying, and the health implications associated with the consumption of these foods. This increasing rate in consumption has been linked to various adverse health conditions. There has been a significant research focus on reducing the fat content in deep fried foods, particularly investigating the process of fat uptake during deep-fat frying. It is crucial to increase consumer awareness regarding the potential problems arising from excessive intake of deep-fat fried foods. Furthermore, further studies are needed to meet the rising demand for deep-fat fried foods while minimizing the impact on health and preserving their desirable taste.
Graphical abstract
Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated with Gaps in Care in Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rosamilia Michael B. , Williams Jason , Bair Courtney A. , Mulder Hillary , Chiswell Karen E. , D’Ottavio Alfred A. , Hartman Robert j. , Sang Charlie J. , Welke Karl F. , Walsh Michael J. , Hoffman Timothy M. , Landstrom Andrew P. , Li Jennifer S. , Sarno Lauren A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdults with congenital heart disease (CHD) benefit from cardiology follow-up at recommended intervals of ≤ 2 years. However, benefit for children is less clear given limited studies and unclear current guidelines. We hypothesize there are identifiable risks for gaps in cardiology follow-up in children with CHD and that gaps in follow-up are associated with differences in healthcare utilization. Our cohort included children < 10 years old with CHD and a healthcare encounter from 2008 to 2013 at one of four North Carolina (NC) hospitals. We assessed associations between cardiology follow-up and demographics, lesion severity, healthcare access, and educational isolation (EI). We compared healthcare utilization based on follow-up. Overall, 60.4% of 6,969 children received cardiology follow-up within 2 years of initial encounter, including 53.1%, 58.1%, and 79.0% of those with valve, shunt, and severe lesions, respectively. Factors associated with gaps in care included increased drive time to a cardiology clinic (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.92/15-min increase), EI (HR 0.94/0.2-unit increase), lesion severity (HR 0.48 for shunt/valve vs severe), and older age (HR 0.95/month if < 1 year old and 0.94/year if > 1 year old; p < 0.05). Children with a care gap subsequently had more emergency department (ED) visits (Rate Ratio (RR) 1.59) and fewer inpatient encounters and procedures (RR 0.51, 0.35; p < 0.05). We found novel factors associated with gaps in care for cardiology follow-up in children with CHD and altered health care utilization with a gap. Our findings demonstrate a need to mitigate healthcare barriers and generate clear cardiology follow-up guidelines for children with CHD.
Roles of pH and phosphate in rare earth element biosorption with living acidophilic microalgae
Authors: Kastenhofer Jens , Spadiut Oliver , Papangelakis Vladimiros G. , Allen D. Grant 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The increasing demand for rare earth elements (REEs) has spurred interest in the development of recovery methods from aqueous waste streams. Acidophilic microalgae have gained attention for REE biosorption as they can withstand high concentrations of transition metals and do not require added organic carbon to grow, potentially allowing simultaneous sorption and self-replication of the sorbent. Here, we assessed the potential of Galdieria sulphuraria for REE biosorption under acidic, nutrient-replete conditions from solutions containing ≤ 15 ppm REEs. Sorption at pH 1.5–2.5 (the growth optimum of G. sulphuraria) was poor but improved up to 24-fold at pH 5.0 in phosphate-free conditions. Metabolic activity had a negative impact on REE sorption, additionally challenging the feasibility of REE biosorption under ideal growth conditions for acidophiles. We further examined the possibility of REE biosorption in the presence of phosphate for biomass growth at elevated pH (pH ≥ 2.5) by assessing aqueous La concentrations in various culture media. Three days after adding La into the media, dissolved La concentrations were up to three orders of magnitude higher than solubility predictions due to supersaturation, though LaPO4 precipitation occurred under all conditions when seed was added. We concluded that biosorption should occur separately from biomass growth to avoid REE phosphate precipitation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the importance of proper control experiments in biosorption studies to assess potential interactions between REEs and matrix ions such as phosphates.

Key points
• REE biosorption with G. sulphuraria increases significantly when raising pH to 5
• Phosphate for biosorbent growth has to be supplied separately from biosorption
• Biosorption studies have to assess potential matrix effects on REE behavior
Diagnostic performance of photon-counting detector CT for differentiation between adrenal adenomas and metastases
Authors: Bette Stefanie , Risch Franka , Canalini Luca , Becker Judith , Leithner Eva V. , Huber Adrian , Haerting Mark , Jehs Bertram , Wollny Claudia , Schwarz Florian , Tehlan Kartikay , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian , Wendler Thomas , Kroencke Thomas , Decker Josua A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Aim of this study was to assess the value of virtual non-contrast (VNC) reconstructions in differentiating between adrenal adenomas and metastases on a photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT).

Material and methods
Patients with adrenal masses and contrast-enhanced CT scans in portal venous phase were included. Image reconstructions were performed, including conventional VNC (VNCConv) and PureCalcium VNC (VNCPC), as well as virtual monochromatic images (VMI, 40–90 keV) and iodine maps. We analyzed images using semi-automatic segmentation of adrenal lesions and extracted quantitative data. Logistic regression models, non-parametric tests, Bland–Altman plots, and a random forest classifier were used for statistical analyses.

Results
The final study cohort consisted of 90 patients (36 female, mean age 67.8 years [range 39–87]) with adrenal lesions (45 adenomas, 45 metastases). Compared to metastases, adrenal adenomas showed significantly lower CT-values in VNCConv and VNCPC (p = 0.007). Mean difference between VNC and true non-contrast (TNC) was 17.67 for VNCConv and 14.85 for VNCPC. Random forest classifier and logistic regression models both identified VNCConv and VNCPC as the best discriminators. When using 26 HU as the threshold in VNCConv reconstructions, adenomas could be discriminated from metastases with a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 75.6%.

Conclusion
VNC algorithms overestimate CT values compared to TNC in the assessment of adrenal lesions. However, they allow a reliable discrimination between adrenal adenomas and metastases and could be used in clinical routine in near future with an increased threshold (e.g., 26 HU). Further (multi-center) studies with larger patient cohorts and standardized protocols are required.

Clinical relevance statement
VNC reconstructions overestimate CT values compared to TNC. Using a different threshold (e.g., 26 HU compared to the established 10 HU), VNC has a high diagnostic accuracy for the discrimination between adrenal adenomas and metastases.

Key Points
• Virtual non-contrast reconstructions may be promising tools to differentiate adrenal lesions and might save further diagnostic tests.
• The conventional and a new calcium-preserving virtual non-contrast algorithm tend to systematically overestimate CT-values compared to true non-contrast images.
• Therefore, increasing the established threshold for true non-contrast images (e.g., 10HU) may help to differentiate between adrenal adenomas and metastases on contrast-enhanced CT.