bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the microtubular inhibitor vinblastine on ferritin clearance and release in the rat
Authors: RAMM GRANT A. , POWELL LAWRIE W. , HALLIDAY JUNE W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe have previously demonstrated that colchicine inhibits ferritin clearance from the circulation of normal and iron‐loaded rats and stimulates endogenous ferritin release into both the serum and bile of iron‐loaded rats. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of vinblastine on ferritin clearance and release in normal and iron‐loaded rats. Vinblastine was administered at either 1 or 10 mg/kg to both normal and iron‐loaded rats, infused over a 5 h period with either a rat liver ferritin or saline solution. Serum and biliary ferritin levels were determined every 30 min. After 5 h, 90% of the infused ferritin was cleared from the circulation in the absence of vinblastine. Low‐dose vinblastine decreased ferritin uptake by 10–20% in iron‐loaded rats. High‐dose vinblastine inhibited ferritin clearance by 25% in normal rats and 20–40% in iron‐loaded rats. Vinblastine administration caused a 2–3‐fold increase in the serum ferritin concentration and a 3–5‐fold peak in biliary ferritin levels. Thus, vinblastine caused the release of endogenous ferritin into both the serum and bile of iron‐loaded rats in the presence of a ferritin load. We therefore conclude that disturbed microtubule function accounts for the observed inhibition of ferritin uptake and intracellular transport; however, the mechanism of increased ferritin release remains unclear.
Cyclic AMP‐dependent anion secretion in human small and large intestine
Authors: BRZUSZCZAK IM , ZHAO J. , BELL C. , STIEL D. , FIELDING I. , PERCY J. , SMITH R. , O'LOUGHLIN EV 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCyclic AMP‐dependent Cl secretion is the major secretion pathway in human intestine. The aim of the present study was to examine mechanisms involved in cAMP‐dependent anion secretion in human small and large intestine. Surgical resection specimens from both jejunum and distal colon were studied under short circuited conditions. Addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX induced an increase in the short‐circuit current (Isc) equivalent to the net increase in Cl secretion. The Isc was inhibited by diphenylamine decarboxylate (DPC; Cl channel blocker), bumetanide (basolateral Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporter), BaCl2 (basolateral K+ channel) and Cl free buffer in both segments and indomethacin (cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor) in colon alone. Diphenylamine decarboxylate appears to directly inhibit secretion in jejunum, although its inhibitory effect is possibly mediated by inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenase in the colon. A small component of IBMX‐stimulated Isc was inhibited by acetazolamide. Cyclic AMP‐dependent secretion is largely apical Cl secretion, although a small component appears to be HCO3. Secretion is dependent on basolateral K+ channels and Na+/K+/2Cl cotransporters and, in the colon, is inhibited by indomethacin, implying a role for cyclo‐oxygenase metabolites. The chloride channel blocker DPC inhibits secretion in both areas. This class of compounds may have potential for treatment of secretory diarrhoea.
Endoscopic laser therapy for watermelon stomach
Authors: BOURKE MICHAEL J. , HOPE RICHARD L. , BOYD PETER , GILLESPIE PETER E. , WARD MICHAEL , COWEN ALISTAIR E. , WILLIAMS STEPHEN J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractEleven patients (nine females, two males) with anaemia due to acute and chronic gastrointestinal blood loss were found to have gastric antral vascular ectasia (watermelon stomach). Nine patients were transfusion‐dependent, receiving a mean of 13.1 units over a mean period of 12.3 months. All patients received neodymium:yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet laser coagulation with a median of 3.0 treatment sessions. Post‐treatment transfusion needs were abolished in six patients and minimal in two patients during a mean follow up of 27.3 months (range 12–60 months). Overall there was a mean reduction in transfusion requirement with treatment from 2.5 units per month to 0.4 units per month (P<0.02). Mean pretreatment haemoglobin improved from 7.7 to 11.9g/dL after treatment (P< 0.001). No complications occurred. Laser coagulation is safe and effective treatment for anaemia due to watermelon stomach and should be considered as first line therapy.
The basic scientist in a clinical department
Authors: EADIE MJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe basic scientist in a clinical department is a relatively recent phenomenon in the long course of the development of academic medicine. It came about as a response to the enormous growth in medical and scientific knowledge in comparatively recent times, coupled with the relative inability of medically educated clinicians to use the conceptual tools and investigational methods that were being made available by modern chemistry and statistics. The juxtaposition of basic scientists and clinicians in a common environment produces tensions, but also rich dividends for both parties. Whatever ways medicine develops in the future, it seems unthinkable that it will be able to advance very far unless basic scientists and clinicians continue to work in collaboration, side by side.
Women in medical research: Headaches and hurdles
Authors: HART PRUE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVery few women have professorial status in Australian medical schools. However, there are approximately equal numbers of male and female PhD students in biomedical research at Australian universities. At Flinders University of South Australia, females comprise approximately 25% of academics in the School of Medicine, with 75% of general staff (including research staff without academic status, e.g. research assistants, research officers) being female. Females comprise 29% of Fellows in the highly competitive Career Awards Scheme of the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC; 26% excluding those of the lowest rank, namely RD Wright Fellows). In both systems, a higher percentage of women are appointed to the lower levels. The statistics suggest that the main hurdle for women in medical research is the inability to progress in the postdoctoral ranks (e.g. appointment to, or promotion from, academic Level A/B positions (Tutor/Lecturer) or appointment to the NHMRC Research Fellowships Scheme). This may reflect the conflicts that women face in their debate of the priorities of family (children and partner) versus career, or research versus teaching and professional activities. All medical research is time‐demanding and continuing research funds are difficult to obtain. Women and men have similar success rates for obtaining funds from the NHMRC. However, a greater percentage of women academics do not apply for grants. Why? Can women be helped to play a larger role in medical research?
Proliferative activity in intrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: MAEDA TAKASHI , ADACHI EISUKE , KAJIYAMA KIYOSHI , TAKENAKA KENJI , SUGIMACHI KEIZO , TSUNEYOSHI MASAZUMI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTo assess the characteristics of intrahepatic metastatic lesions (IML) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analysed both the histological features and proliferative activities of 15 resected cases of HCC accompanied by IML. The histological features of the IML were essentially the same as those observed in the main nodules in 12 (80%) of 15 cases. In 13 (87%) of 15 cases, the labelling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the IML was either higher than or the same as in the main nodules. In 10 (77%) of 13 cases, the MIB‐1 labelling index in the IML was either higher than or the same as in the main nodules. The results indicate that the histological features of the IML are essentially the same as those of the main nodules, while the proliferative activities in the IML were generally higher than those in the main nodules. Such characteristics may thus provide a clue to help distinguish intrahepatic metastasis from the multicentric occurrence of HCC.
Case Report: Gastrointestinal bleeding from a hepatocellular carcinoma invading the transverse colon
Authors: HASHIMOTO MASAJI , WATANABE GORO , MATSUDA MASAMICHI , YAMAMOTO TAIRA , TSUTSUMI KENJI , TSURUMARU MASAHIKO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA 72‐year‐old woman with cirrhosis of the liver was treated repeatedly by transcatheter arterial embolization for multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas. She developed gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to direct invasion of the wall of the transverse colon. The diagnosis was made pre‐operatively by colonoscopy and the patient was treated successfully. This rare complication of hepatocellular carcinoma was due to the protrusive type of growth exhibited by this tumour and may have been affected by the transcatheter arterial embolization.
Case Report: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in a Japanese woman: A case report and review of Japanese cases
Authors: HOSHINO HIROSHI , KATADA NAOYUKI , NISHIMURA DAISAKU , IMADA JUNKO , MORITA KIYOSHI , YOSHIDA NORIO , SANO HIROSHI , OKAMOTO KATSUSHI , KATO KATSUMOTO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is an entity distinct from ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma and is very rare in Oriental countries. We present here a Japanese case of FLHCC in a 25 year old woman, and review Japanese cases of FLHCC. The patient had mild abdominal pain when the hepatic tumour was revealed by ultrasonography. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti‐hepatitis C antibody were negative and serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was within the normal limit. Ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy was performed and the tumour was histologically diagnosed as FLHCC. A right lobectomy of the liver was then performed. Macroscopically, the tumour (10 × 10 times 8 cm) was circumscribed, rather hard and yellowish white. Microscopically, neoplastic hepatocytes were polygonal and large with eosinophilic cytoplasm, which contained pale bodies. A number of fibrous stroma were arranged in thin parallel bands. Consequently, the case was diagnosed as FLHCC. In Japan, approximately 18 000 people die of ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma annually, while only nine cases (including the present case; six males, three females) of FLHCC in Japanese subjects have been reported previously. The mean age of the Japanese cases of FLHCC is 20.9 years old. One case with positive HBsAg, liver cirrhosis and high level of AFP was observed of nine cases. The nature of FLHCC in Japanese subjects may not be significantly different from that in Caucasians, except for male predominance.
Case Report: Hepatic adenoma with bone marrow metaplasia in a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1a
Authors: MORIURA SHIGEAKI , KURODA MAKOTO , KIMURA ATSUSHI , IWATSUKA YASUSHI , IKEDA SHUHEI , SAKAI TAKASHI , USUI AKIHIKO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 34 year old man with glycogen storage disease type 1a had two hepatic tumours since 18 years of age. They had continued to grow until he was 24 years old, but showed no further growth since then. He underwent a right hepatic trisegmentectomy with caudate lobectomy under veno‐venous bypass. The tumour in the posterior segment showed nodule‐within‐nodule appearance. Histologically, the inner adenoma with dysplasia, bone marrow metaplasia and lymphocytic infiltration was separated by a fibrous band from the outer adenoma of usual histology.
Pravastatin transport across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane requires both ATP and a transmembrane pH gradient
Authors: ADACHI YUKIHIKO , OKUYAMA YOSHIFUMI , MIYA HIROHISA , MATSUSITA HIROAKI , KITANO MOTOKAZU , KAMISAKO TOSHINORI , YAMAMOTO TOSHIO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHepatic excretion of non‐bile acid organic anions is reported to be ATP‐dependent and a defect of this transport has been reported in congenitally jaundiced rats, animal models of human Dubin‐Johnson syndrome. To investigate the effect of the transmembrane pH gradient on hepatocyte canalicular membrane transport of ATP‐dependent organic anions, uptake of pravastatin, a 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase‐inhibiting organic anion, by hepatocyte canalicular membrane vesicles was observed in the presence or absence of transmembrane pH gradients. Uptake was assessed by a rapid filtration technique. ATP‐dependent pravastatin uptake was stimulated in the presence of a transmembrane pH gradient (in > out) in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats. Uptake was dependent on both pravastatin and ATP concentrations and showed saturation kinetics. After intravenous injection of [14C]‐pravastatin (0.3 μmol), 81% of the dose was excreted in the bile within 35 min in SD rats, whereas only 20% was excreted in the bile in Eisai hyperbilirubinuria rats. ATP and the pH gradient also co‐stimulated the uptake of pravastatin in Eisai hyperbilirubinuria rats, although the Km was much higher and Vmax was much lower than corresponding values in SD rats. This coincided well with the marked reduction in in vivo biliary excretion of pravastatin in jaundiced rats.
Halothane‐induced liver injury in guinea‐pigs: Importance of cytochrome P450 enzyme activity and hepatic blood flow
Authors: FARRELL GEOFFREY C. , FROST LINDA , TAPNER MICHAEL , FIELD JACQUELINE , WELTMAN MARTIN , MAHONEY JANETTE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe basis for susceptibility to halothane‐induced liver necrosis in guinea‐pigs was examined. In hepatic microsomes, the following were similar in susceptible and resistant animals: total cytochrome (CYP) P450 (P450), phenobarbital‐inducible pathways of mixed function oxidation (androstenedione 6β‐ and 16β‐hydroxylase activities) and the CYP2E1‐catalysed pathway of N‐nitrosodimethylamine N‐demethylase activity. Similarly, immunohistochemical staining of CYP2E1 protein was equivalent in livers from susceptible and resistant guinea‐pigs. Prior treatment with the P450‐inhibitors, metyrapone and SKF‐525A ameliorated halothane‐induced liver damage in susceptible animals. Conversely, in resistant guinea‐pigs, stimulation of hepatic CYP2E1 activity by treatment with 4‐methylpyrazole produced severe hepatotoxicity after re‐exposure to halothane. These results confirm the conclusions of others, that P450‐mediated metabolism produces halothane‐induced liver necrosis in the guinea‐pig model but, as in other work, the data fail to explain why no difference in activity of these enzymes could be found between susceptible and resistant guinea‐pigs. To establish whether a differential effect on hepatic blood flow between susceptible and resistant guinea‐pigs could explain this paradox, studies were performed using a radiolabelled microsphere technique. The effect of halothane on lowering cardiac output was identical in both groups of animals and halothane significantly reduced hepatic arterial but not portal blood flow. The effect on arterial blood flow was more profound in susceptible guinea‐pigs (0.67 ± 0.17% of injected microspheres) than in resistant animals (0.99 ± 0.13%; P< 0.005). It is concluded that P450‐catalysed metabolism and reduced hepatic blood flow are both necessary to produce halothane‐induced liver injury in susceptible guinea‐pigs, but it is the effect of halothane on hepatic arterial blood flow that differs between susceptible and resistant animals.
A technique for the culture of Barrett's oesophageal cells
Authors: KHAN SEEMA M , PILLAY S PRAGA , PAPADIMOS DAVID , YONG JOHN WK , ROBERTS H JOHN V , CRAWFORD DARRELL H 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTEstablishment of cells in tissue culture from Barrett's columnar epithelium has been difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a successful tissue culture method employing a serumfree medium for cultivation of Barrett's epithelial cells. Fragments of Barrett's mucosal tissue were explanted in a 3:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium and Ham's F12, to initiate the outgrowth of epithelial cells. Subsequently, a commercial serum‐free medium (formulated for the growth of keratinocytes) was used for the propagation of Barrett's oesophagus cells without fibroblast growth. Cells established in culture retained their epithelial morphology, stained positive for cytokeratin, and contained Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and periodic acid‐Schiff reagent‐positive/diastase‐resistant vacuoles, confirming their origin from Barrett's epithelium. Electron microscopy showed tonofilaments, microvilli and desmosomes. Coating the surface of culture vessels was not required and four cell strains could be passaged up to 20 times with no fibroblast growth, in the keratinocyte serumfree medium.
Power Doppler imaging of hepatic tumours: Differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: KAWASAKI TOSHIHIKO , ITANI TOSHINAO , NAKASE HIROSHI , MIMURA JUN , KOMORI HIDESHI , SUGIMOTO KOJI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the usefulness of power Doppler imaging in the differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Forty‐seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 18 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma were evaluated using power Doppler imaging. The colour signals of hepatic tumours were graded as follows: 1, colour signals only in the marginal area; 2, small dot or dotted line colour signals within the tumours; 3, continuous solid line colour signals within the tumours. The grade 3 colour signals were classified in the following three patterns; winding line pattern, stretched line pattern and mixed pattern. The colour signals of hepatocellular carcinoma were grade 1 in seven patients, grade 2 in 11 and grade 3 in 29. The colour signals of metastatic adenocarcinoma were grade 1 in three patients and grade 3 in 15. Of the 29 hepatocellular carcinoma patients with a grade 3 signal, 26 patients had winding line patterns and three had mixed patterns. Of the 15 metastatic adenocarcinoma patients with a grade 3 signal, 12 patients had stretched line patterns and three had mixed patterns. In conclusion, power Doppler imaging is useful in the differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma to evaluate the colour signal pattern within the tumour.
PANCREOZYMIN ‐ SECRETIN TEST OF EXOCRINE PANCREATIC FUNCTION IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULT FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE*
Authors: HADORN B. , JOHANSEN PATRICIA G. , ANDERSON CHARLOTTE M. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISPancreozymin‐secretin tests were performed on 10 children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, who did not show any clinical symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The results indicate that in this particular group of patients water and bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas is more severely affected by the disease than enzyme secretion. Thus these patients secrete a small amount of pancreatic juice with a very low bicarbonate content but an abnormally high concentration of enzymes.Based on these results, a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis is put forward using the concept that in most exocrine glands, 2 different types of secretion contribute to the final secretory product: a highly concentrated secretion of organic substances and a more dilute secretion containing mainly electrolytes. During the secretory process, the organic constituents of the first type of secretion are diluted by the electrolyte‐containing fluid of the second secretion. Evidence is presented, that the pathological features in the pancreas in cystic fibrosis could result from the failure to produce an adequate amount of electrolyte‐containing fluid and it is suggested that the changes occurring in other organs affected by the disease may result from a similar phenomenon.
TREATMENT OF JAUNDICE OF IMMATURITY WITH CORTICOTROPHIN A CONTROLLED TRIAL*
Authors: HOWIE R. N. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISTreatment of infants with jaundice of immaturity by means of corticotrophin has been investigated by a controlled trial in 136 babies of low birth weight. In the particular conditions of the trial, cortiootrophin appeared to do little good but no harm.
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF MALARIA IN PAPUAN CHILDREN
Authors: GRACEY M. , BIDDULPH J. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISClinical features seen in 55 patients with malaria admitted to the General Hospital, Port Moresby, during a 2 month period are discussed. Common presenting symptoms were fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. The major physical findings were splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and pallor. Cerebral malaria occurred in 11 patients and blackwater fever in one. Multiple diseases were frequently found. Parasitaemia was confirmed in all cases; anaemia was common, and the over‐all mortality was 3.6%.Australian doctors should be conversant with this disease because of its importance in adjacent islands.
THE PREPARATION, TESTING, AND PROPERTIES OF HUMAN GAMMA GLOBULIN FOR INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION
Authors: SCHIFF P. , SUTHERLAND S. K. , LANE W. R. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISFor many years clinicians have been aware of the therapeutic value of passive intravenous prophylaxis with Human Gamma Globulin (H.G.G.). Normal H.G.G. preparations cannot be administered by this route.After closely reviewing all described methods of rendering H.G.G. safe for intravenous use, treatment at 37°C. and at pH 4 with trace quantities of pepsin was selected as the method of choice. The final preparation was low in anticomplementary activity and had maintained its original antibody litres; no detectable disruption of the immunoglobulin structure had occurred. Significant anticomplementary activity had not returned after storage for 10 months.
STUDIES ON 782 CASES OF MENTAL DEFICIENCY PART II
Authors: ROBOZ PAUL , PITT DAVID 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISIn our previous paper (Part I) we have described our findings in Heber's Categories I and II (mental deficiency due to infection and toxic agents). This paper gives details of cases in Categories III, IV, and V.In Category III we discuss mental deficiency due to brain injury (prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal).
BENIGN DISSEMINATED RETICULO‐ENDOTHELIOSIS OF THE SKIN IN INFANCY
Authors: TURNER ELIZABETH K. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA female infant of 10 weeks developed a maculopapular rash, with some ulceration, on the trunk and scalp, associated with hepatosplenomegaly. The rash was typical of Letterer‐Siwe disease, and a biopsy of the skin was regarded as consistent with this disease. However, the rash slowly faded, the child made a good recovery without treatment, and is believed to be a example of benign disseminated reticuloendotheliosis of the skin.
CHRONIC LEAD POISONING IN CHILDREN: A REVIEW OF 90 CHILDREN DIAGNOSED IN SYDNEY, 1948–1967*
Authors: FREEMAN R. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISIn the past 20 years, 90 children with chronic lead poisoning, mostly due to the ingestion of peeling paint, have been diagnosed in Sydney. Eleven of the children died and at least 30% have serious neurological or renal sequelae. The aim of this brief review is to renew interest amongst the medical profession in this hazard, for only by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment will this sad picture be improved. It is also hoped to stimulate measures to rid our society of a preventable disease.
TYROSINOSIS: REPORT OF A CASE DEMONSTRATING IN VIVO DELAY IN TYROSINE BREAKDOWN AND EXCESS RENAL LOSS OF INSULIN
Authors: TOMPKINS J. R. , HOBDAY J. D. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe presentation, clinical and laboratory findings of a child with tyrosinosis are described. A low tyrosine and low phenylalanine diet produced considerable improvement, Investigation demonstrated an excessive loss of insulin in the urine. An experimental in vivo measurement of the rate of catabolism of tyrosine labelled with 14C confirmed the reported findings of a reduction in the rate of catabolism of tyrosine in vitro.
A CASE OF HEREDITARY METHAEMOGLOBINAEMIA
Authors: LAY HELEN , DAVIES H. E. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA case of methaemoglobinaemia resulting from a deficiency of NADH2‐methaemoglobin reductase (diaphorase) is described. The necessity of considering methaemoglobinaemia in the differential diagnosis of neonatal cyanosis is stressed, as well as the need for adequate laboratory back‐up The patient was effectively treated with ascorbic acid.