bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diderot et l'abbé Baudeau : les colonies de Saratov et la civilisation de la Russie
Authors: Goggi Gianluigi , Dulac Georges 
Published: October 2008

Gianluigi Goggi (with the collaboration of Georges Dulac) : Diderot and abbé Baudeau : the Saratov Colonies and the Civilisation of Russia.
Baudeau published in Jan-Sept 1776 six articles on Russia in the Ephimérides du citoyen, in which he discussed Catherine II's reforms, particularly her project of establishing colonies in the Saratov area near the river Volga, in order to attract foreigners. According to Baudeau these colonies would be the starting-point for a process of civilisation from the bottom up and from within Russia that would create a third estate and thus radically transform society. The novelty of this programme is emphasized by the word civilization which Baudeau uses frequently in these articles. This term (whose use spread in the 1760s thanks to him and to the marquis of Mirabeau) takes on a special meaning: it is not the slow, gradual and somehow natural process which, for the Scottish thinkers, characterizes the "natural history of society", but instead a political project intended to transform society from the barbarian to the civilized stage, via certain intermediate stages. The importance of these hitherto ignored articles can be seen in the fact that Diderot certainly read them and that they played a role in the genesis of his "political fragment" Sur la Russie (1772), afterwards developed in the Mémoires pour Catherine II.
Contribution à l'écriture fragmentaire de Diderot: le manuscrit n.a.fr. 24938 des Fragments divers utilisé par Grimm dans la Correspondance littéraire (les Fragments politiques de 1772)
Authors: Rebejkow Jean-Christophe 
Published: October 2008

Jean-Christophe Rebejkow: A Contribution to the Study of Diderot's Fragmentary Writing: ms n.a.fr. 24938 of the Fragments divers used by Grimm in his Correspondance littéraire (the 1772 Fragments politiques) .
The Fragments divers, the manuscript of which is in the Bibliothèque nationale (n.a.fr. 24938), were originally intended for the third edition of the Histoire des Deux Indes, but they were also used by Grimm, who circulated them in a modified form in the Correspondance littéraire in 1772. Even if these modifications were made with Diderot's tacit agreement, this manuscript is nevertheless particulary important; not only is it the only one which shows the original version of Diderot's contributions to Raynal's work, but in addition the order of the fragments in this manuscript often changes our understanding of his political choices, at the time when he was moving towards a more democratic stance.
Recherches sur un graveur de l'Encyclopédie: Defehrt
Authors: Pinault-Sørensen Madeleine , Sørensen Bent 
Published: October 2008

Madeleine Pinault-Sørensen and Bent Sørensen : Defehrt, an Engraver for the Encyclopédie.
Defehrt, who was employed by the "Libraires associés" as an engraver for the Encyclopédie plates, remains obscure despite the importance of contribution to the work, and we know neither his first name nor his place and date of birth. His engravings are those of a moderately talented artist, but one whose themes vary according to his commissions; he executed historical portaits, copies of classical statutes or paintings of famous artists like Boucher. He also worked on the engravings for La Fontaine's Fables, Buffon's Histoire naturelle and Buchoz's Traité historique des plantes qui croissent en Lorraine. He made 378 plates for volumes I-V of the Encyclopédie , but ended his collaboration with the sixth volume after disagreements with Daubenton and Diderot. He left for Denmark in order to engrave the new maps of the country drawn up by the Danish Royal Society, and he also engraved several plates for Carsten Niebuhr's Travels in Arabia. He died in 1774, probably in Denmark.
Claude et Abel Gautier, hommes d'affaires langrois des Caroillon de Vandeul
Authors: Gallois Lionel 
Published: October 2008

Lionel Gallois: Claude and Abel Gautier, the Langres Businessmen of the Caroillons de Vandeul.
The recent acquisition by the Haute-Marne Archives of the personal papers of the archivist Pierre Gautier (1884-1917), who obtained the Diderot-Caroillon de Vandeul papers for his departement in 1913, provides us with an important example of the business relations which the Caroillons established in Langres. Pierre's great-grandfather Jacques-Claude Gautier (1761-1845) entered the service of Pierre Caroillon de Melville in 1782; he was responsible for the "Langres coffer" for the latter and then for his brother Nicolas de Vandeul, and was put in charge of the management of their local property, and of providing raw materials for and selling the produce of the Auberive and Rouelles manufactures. His son Abel (1789-1864) was successively director of a sulfuric acid factory, manager of a bank and treasurer of the Langres almshouses, and acted as the electoral agent and political representative of the député Denis-Simon Caroillon de Vandeul. The latter's increasing concentration on the Orquevaux region weakened the ties between the two families, which only came to an end, however, with the death of Diderot's grandson.
Une lettre inédite de Marie Angélique Diderot
Authors: Albina Larissa L. 
Published: October 2008

Larissa L. Albina : An Unpublished Letter by Marie Angélique Diderot.
This holograph signed letter probably dating from the end of May 1772 is addressed to Mme Necker ; she had come to see Angélique and had missed her because she was at a performance of L'ami de la maison, a comic opéra by Marmontel and Gréty. Diderot's daughter, who at that date seems only recently to have become acquainted with Mmc Necker, presses her to support the steps taken to ensure the future of Caroillon de Vandeul, whom Angélique was to marry in September.
Les « Adieux du Vieillard » comme anamorphose littéraire (Contribution à une lecture critique du Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville)
Authors: Hartmann Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Pierre Hartmann: The " Old Man's Farewell " as a Literary Anamorphosis (Contribution to a Critical Reading of the Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville).
Le Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville is generally considered to constitute Diderot's principle literary contribution to primitivist thought. However, a study of the two different states of the same text (the "old man's farewell") reveals a more subtle reflection, at the end of which the author, while reviving primitivist clichés, emphasises its artificial literary character and the fact that it is epistemologically untenable. For the speech put in the old man's mouth can only be that of enlightened philosophy. Diderot's subtle textual manipulation manages to make the reader realise that this substitution of speech is both a literary subterfuge and the only possible answer to an ethical necessity. As a literary anamorphosis, the old man's farewell is both a literary artifice designed to educate the reader and an introduction to a more refined reading technique.
Bakhtine et Diderot : à propos du Neveu de Rameau
Authors: Wall Anthony 
Published: October 2008

Anthony Wall : Diderot and Bakhtin. With Reference to Rameau's Nephew.
Diderot's dialogue Rameau's Nephew contains an implicit theory of dialogic exchange which should have attracted more attention in the cultural philosopher Mikhail Baktin's writing on dialogue. The dialogue in Diderot's text profoundly challenges the assumption that dialogue is squarely founded on language alone, as Bakhtin seems to believe. One of the extraverbal dimensions that Diderot provocatively highlights lies in the corporeal realm of the written voice. Whereas Bakhtin argues that Dialogism as such can only be activated in the novelistic text which is read in silence, the bodily dimension of Diderot's dialogue can only be rendered by a voice which performs out loud.
Échos berlinois de Diderot dans la correspondance de son petit-fils, D.-S. de Vandeul (1800-1801)
Authors: Moureau François 
Published: October 2008

François Moureau: Echoes of Diderot in Berlin in D.S. de Vandeul's Correspondence (1800-1801).
Denis-Simon de Vandeul was in Berlin from 10th January 1800 to 25th October 1801 as secretary at the French Embassy. Madame de Vandeul was a close friend of Wilhelm von Humboldt and his wife, whom she had received in Paris, and the old court (including Prince Henry) gave a warm welcome to the Philosopher's grandson, who was trying to find some of Diderot's lost manuscripts in Berlin. In addition to the court, Vandeul mixed in Berlin society circles, above all the intellectuals and gentry. His view of this world is original and often subtle. His research was helped by his diplomatic status and the aura surrounding Diderot's grandson. A choice has been made from among the 127 letters sent to the Vandeuls (the only copy of which is owned by the editor) of passages concerning Diderot, his circle (Prince Henry, Grimm, Meister) and the edition of his works, as well as Mme de Vandeul or Frederik II and Voltaire. A complete edition of this correspondence is under way.
Journalistes et hommes de lettres. Les positions de l'Encyclopédie
Authors: Lepape Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Pierre Lepape : Journalists and Men of Letters. The Encyclopédie's Position.
The 18th-century literary elite had little respect for journalists or journalism, which it considered as the lower chamber of literature, and the opposition was strengthened by the great success of the periodical press. Competition took the form of commercial war, the fight for prestige and intellectual rivalry. In many Encyclopédie articles the contempt for journalism is developed, but Diderot's article JOURNALISTE takes a different stand. By laying down laws for journalism in the service of the public good, he provided men of letters and journalists with common rules for an aesthetics, a logic and an ethics of intellectual communication.
Passion et pouvoir. Lespinasse et Diderot dans leurs lettres d'amour
Authors: Siess Jürgen 
Published: October 2008

Jürgen Siess : Passion and Power. Lespinasse and Diderot in their love letters.
Although the love letters of Julie de Lespinasse and Diderot are private, one can nevertheless see in the way the two write about love the implicit power relations which come from sexual difference. Diderot, inspired by the myth of the androgyn, dreams of unity between male and female, but he is not ready to question his position as an active dominant man. Julie, on the other hand, prefers a passion which involves the whole being, while still wishing for equality between the sexes. The reasons for this difference are linked to the social status of the two writers, for the hostess of a salon does not have the same independence as an established author and his inequality seems to be associated with sexual difference. Correspondence is here seen as a space in which reflection on the link between private and public relationships can be carried on.
Le rôle des motifs socratiques et platoniciens dans la structure et la genèse du Neveu de Rameau de Diderot
Authors: Szívós Mihály 
Published: October 2008

Mihály Szívós : The role of socratic and platonic motifs in the structure and genesis of Rameau's nephew.
Although Diderot gave up the idea of a play on Socrates's death, he nevertheless did not abandon the idea of dealing with the theme of the Greek philosopher's moral conduct, as can be seen from the many Socratic and Platonic motifs in Rameau 's Nephew. For musical themes Diderot links the figure of Rameau the nephew to Socratic motifs, and for moral themes to anti-Socratic motifs. By drawing parallels between Socratic and Platonic motifs in the dialogue and in other works by Diderot one can understand more clearly the genesis of Rameau 's Nephew. Diderot also included in this part of his thoughts on Socrates, which is why it contains important elements of the background to its own genesis.
Les Préjugés légitimes de Chaumeix ou l'Encyclopédie sous la loupe d'un apologiste
Authors: Albertan-Coppola Sylviane 
Published: October 2008

Sylviane Albertan-Coppola : Chaumeix's Préjugés légitimes or the encyclopédie under the gaze of a Christian Apologist.
According to his enemies, Chaumeix was the most monster alive, and thus modern critics pay little attention to his works. But his refutation of the Encyclopédie is worth reassessing, both as a statement of the advance of materialism in the middle of the century and as a guide to reading the Encyclopédie. For despite a certain simplification, his Préjugés légitimes contre l'Encyclopédie offer a clear-sighted criticism of the work and highlight, by the way Chaumeix includes a refutation of Locke and Helvétius, the progression from Locke's empiricism to Helvétius's materialism, by the intermediary of the Encyclopédie.
La méthode des éléments de D'Alembert dans l'Encyclopédie
Authors: Le Ru Véronique 
Published: October 2008

Véronique Le Ru : D'Alembert's Method of the Elements in the Encyclopédie.
The method of the elements presented in the Encyclopédie article l'article Eléments des sciences (vol.V, pp.491-7) is the very expression of the theory of definition built up by D'Alembert from a reflection on his scientific practice. He defends, in this article, the idea that what is methodologically true for science is also true for art, that the same rules are valid for both and that there must be the same vigilance concerning the abuse of words. The aim here is to study, taking as a starting-point an example concerning the question of taste, the way in which D'Alembert tries to apply his method of elements to the field of art and not only to science.
D'Alembert pris au jeu de la musique. Ses interventions musicographiques dans l'Encyclopédie
Authors: Cernuschi Alain 
Published: October 2008

Alain Cernuschi : D'Alembert's musicographical contributions to the Encyclopédie.
This rapid examination of D'Alembert's musical articles reconstitutes the history of their progressive elaboration and their links with other parallel writings by him. It also deals with changes in the context in which they appeared, for we can see D'Alembert's position altering in relation both to the lively æsthetic debates about music and to Rameau's harmonie theory whose official interpreter he was at first. But this examination allows us above all to bring out his intellectual development, in particular how the Encyclopédie — thanks to its twofold imperative of organising knowledge and providing a critical distance concerning its validity — constituted for D'Alembert, between 1750 and 1757, a particularly useful medium enabling him to elaborate a demanding reflection on music.
La loi du père : Étude de l'Entretien d'un père avec ses enfants (Ire partie)
Authors: Chartier Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Pierre Chartier : The Law ofthe Father (part I).
This detailed study of the Entretien d'un père avec ses enfants is aimed at showing that a " philosophical " reading of this brilliant dialogue, as seen in the subtitle (On the dangers of putting oneself above the laws), can and must be combined with the more " domestic " reading implied by the title, which is a reconstituted or reinvented memory of Langres evenings. In Diderot's work, the father and the law do more than simply exchange their powers and prestige. The whole work is marked in numerious ways by the decisive double patronage under which it is placed. The first part of the study aims at revealing the conditions of the work' s elaboration, over three years (from 1770 to 1773) and at showing how, as it was rewritten and added to, the " casuistical " reflection on the " three codes " is staged in the father's salon, to the advantage of the son, who has returned from Paris with a new prestige. The second part will analyse the fiction of the confrontation between the two, which provides de son with reasons to proclaim himself a philosopher in the eyes of the world, the natural, though ambiguous, father of his works.
A propos de quelques ouvrages d'économie industrielle en langue française
Authors: De Bandt Jacques 
Published: October 2008

Y. Morvan - Concerning industrial economy
This review shows the main stages in the development of industrial economics in the framework of economic analysis, in the U.S. and then in Europ. This (short) analysis of the concerns and objectives of those who have been engaged in the study of industrial structures and policies makes it possible to outline some of the necessary elements to be included in a definition of industrial economics. Finally, the questioning of approaches and methods used in this field results in a few remarks concerning the scope and likelyevolution of industrial economics.
Les interactions entre les innovations technologiques et les prix de facteurs : concepts révisés et perspectives
Authors: Gold Bela 
Published: October 2008

L'essentiel des publications traitant des actions réciproques entre les innovations technologiques et les prix des facteurs se limite à proposer des modèles extrêmement simplifiés des relations existant entre les divers niveaux d'agrégation et faisant obstacle à une identification efficace, soit des innovations technologiques spécifiques, soit des facteurs propres dont les effets réciproques prétendent constituer le coeur même de ces études.
Se fondant sur un vaste programme de recherches empiriques relatives aux innovations technologiques effectives dans l'industrie et aux prix associés des facteurs, ce document propose quelques suggestions constructives visant à renforcer à la fois les concepts appropriés et le cadre des analyses, ainsi qu'un ensemble de perspectives nouvelles concernant les effets de ces actions réciproques dans les deux sens.
L'étude des effets micro-économiques produits par les opérations de fusion absorption (une analyse appliquée à l'industrie française et au cas du secteur du ciment)
Authors: Navatte Patrick 
Published: October 2008

Patrick Navatte : L'étude des effets micro-économiques produits par les opérations de fusion-absorption.
Après avoir examiné brièvement les hypothèses et les méthodes, en fonction desquelles il paraît possible de mesurer les effets des opérations de fusion, absorption, l'auteur analyse successivement deux catégories d' effets. L'analyse empirique permet de dégager tout d'abord un effet de rentabilité positif, de l'ordre de 12 % cumulés sur trois ans. Mais la dispersion des résultats tend à indiquer l'ampleur du risque encouru. Enfin, l'analyse d'opérations particulières de fusion-absorption dans l'industrie du ciment tend à suggérer que, si la rotation du capital a été accrue, par contre peu de gains de productivité ont été réalisés.
L'évolution des structures financières des sociétés françaises
Authors: Evraert Serge 
Published: October 2008

L'évolution des structures financières des sociétés françaises.
Cet article repose sur l'analyse de deux échantillons de sociétés industrielles et commerciales françaises dont les comptes ont été suivis sur une période de neuf années nettement marquée par des taux d'inflation élevés. La satisfaction des exigences financières posées par des besoins croissants en fonds de roulement semble avoir été le problème le plus important. La charge croissante des emprunts réalisés auprès des banques, en particulier à court terme, peut expliquer la chute des taux de profit net qui a probablement affecté le taux d' investissement en capital fixe , ,après l'année 1970. On donne d' autres résultats concernant la relation entre la taille et les structures financières. Nous ne trouvons pas d'argument en faveur de l'hypothèse d'une amélioration des structures financières lorsque la taille des entreprises s' élève.
Impôt sur les sociétés et le comportement industriel de l'Etat
Authors: Thomas Jean-Noël 
Published: October 2008

L'impôt sur les sociétés ne saurait être considéré comme un simple taux d'imposition des bénéfices ; la réglementation fiscale concourant à déterminer son calcul, dénote la volonté du législateur d'en faire un instrument de la politique de rénovation des structures industrielles. Cependant, les résultats effectifs de l'intervention fiscale de l'Etat dépendent des réactions des entreprises. L'ensemble de ces éléments caractérise le comportement industriel de l'Etat.
Cette étude illustre une démarche économétrique visant à définir ce comportement en précisant le jeu de la variable fiscale parmi les variables qui influencent le comportement des entreprises assujéties à l'impôt sur les sociétés. De ce fait, elle contribue à renouveler l'approche de 1'incidence de 1'impôt sur les bénéfices des sociétés.
La valeur de l'énergie a-t-elle une base économique, écologique ou technique ? Critère d'optimisation en énérgétique industrielle.
Authors: Le Goff P. 
Published: October 2008

All industrial operations can be viewed as an open system, in which usable energy is entering and from which used and degraded energy is coming out. The general equation of the balance of values is defined, in which the "value" of each energy can be given with reference to any scale whatever. The importance of the energy content of capital goods is shown in the optimisation procedure of the system.
It is shown that, before taking into consideration any technical or economic profitability criterion, an ecologic value of an energy can be defined, on the basis of such concepts as the "availability" and "usability" of an urban-industrial eco-system, which is using energy.
It is shown finally how the search for energy economics is integrated in the wider objective of the technico-socio-economic optimization of industrial operation.
La rente gazière des pays arabes : concept, mécanisme de formation et conséquences pour la gestion des ressources en hydrocarbures
Authors: Christeller Christian 
Published: October 2008

La valorisation par les pays producteurs de leurs ressources en hydrocarbures gazeux (gaz naturel, gaz de pétrole) prend une importance croissante. Cet article analyse la notion de rente gazière et propose son utilisation, conjointement avec celle de rente pétrolière, comme outil de gestion des ressources pétrolières.
Le mécanisme qui rattache la rente gazière au prix du pétrole, est décrit pour le cas du gaz naturel dans l'ensemble formé par les pays arabes et l'Iran. Une structure cohérente des prix des différents hydrocarbures en est déduite pour une meilleure gestion de ces ressources.
Le second élargissement de la C.E.E. et les stratégies des firmes transnationales - Commerce et implantation : quelques données générales
Authors: Vaitsos Constantine V. , De La Saussay Philippe 
Published: October 2008

Most analyses of regional integration usually don't refer to another interdependent integration process : that which is worked out by the Transnational Corporation (TNC). Being able to incorporate production and trade activities in the host coutry, the TNC is more and more dominating the economic and trade relations among States Nations.
This "internalization " process of the TNC is here empirically studied in three countries which are potential members of the EEC (Greece, Portugal and Spain). On the basis of a quick conceptual analysis and a comparative study of the activities of TNC in both South and Western Europe, the article is identifying the respective places of those three countries within the International industrial division of labour and more so the role played by the TNC together with the conflicts between them.
Sensibilité de la mesure et déterminants de la taille minimale et de la taille moyenne d'efficacité des usines canadiennes
Authors: Leroux François 
Published: October 2008

La technique de la persistance est l'une des méthodes pour mesurer des tailles moyennes et des tailles minimales d'efficacité dans l'industrie manufacturière. Cette étude s'efforce d'apprécier si ces mesures sont sensibles.
Les résultats tendent à montrer que dans le cas des usines au Canada, la fourchette d'efficacité est largement affectée par le nombre de classes de taille et que cette fourchette est plus précisément déterminée lorsqu'on augmente la distance entre les observations. Elle est en revanche peu sensible au choix de la variable retenue pour le calcul.