bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of an idiotype associated with the immune response of inbred mice to phosphorylcholine
Authors: Sher A. , Cohn M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInbred mice immunized with the pneumococcal C carbohydrate produce plaque‐forming cells directed exclusively against the phosphorylcholine determinants of this antigen. The antibody responsible for plaque formation is of restricted heterogeneity with respect to its affinity for phosphorylcholine. Mouse anti‐serum directed against an idiotype shared by certain BALB/c anti‐phosphorylcholine plasmacytoma proteins specifically inhibits the formation of approximately 70% of the plaques induced by the C‐carbohydrate in BALB/c mice. The expression of this idiotype, as revealed by inhibition of plaque formation, occurs in the phosphorylcholine specific immune responses produced by mice of some inbred strains, but not of others, and shows dominant inheritance. By means of a backcross experiment, the inheritance of idiotype was shown to be determined by a gene linked to the chromosome carrying the mouse heavy chain allotype locus. In addition, the backcross data suggested the participation of a second, independently segregating gene in the determination of idiotype. Experiments with congenic mouse strains indicated that this second gene may be H‐2 linked. These observations support the hypothesis, suggested from studies on BALB/c plasmacytoma proteins, that the variable regions of mouse anti‐phosphorylcholine antibodies are specified by germ‐line genes.
Isolation of prekallikrein activator from guinea pig serum or plasma adsorbed to immune precipitates or celite: Possible relationship to Hageman factor
Authors: Treloar M. P. , Pyle H. , Özge‐Anwar A. H. , Takeuchi Y. , Movat H. Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmune aggregates of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbit anti‐BSA presumably adsorb Hageman factor (factor XII) and induce its conversion to prekallikrein activator (PKA), which can be eluted from the precipitates and purified by chromatography. No clotting studies could be done with the material desorbed from the immune aggregates incubated with serum, because thrombin was present in the preparations.When Al(OH)3‐adsorbed plasma (free of prothrombin) was incubated with celite, large quantities of PKA were recovered in the celite eluates, together with activated factor XII (XIIa), activated factor XI (XIa) and kallikrein. These components could be separated by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. PKA had a molecular weight of approximately 31 000, 33 000 and 36 000 as determined by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation amino acid analysis and gel filtration, respectively; its sedimentation coefficient was 2.7 – 2.9; in fully activated form it migrated as a sharp prealbumin band by disc gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of PKA was approximately 4.4. The moderately anionic factor XIIa had an estimated molecular weight of 120 000. The cationic factor XIa and kallikrein were separated by gel filtration, the clot‐promoting substance having a molecular weight of 170 000 – 180 000, while kallikrein was found to be about 96 000. A kinin‐forming, BAEe‐hydrolysing fraction with an elution volume greater than that of egg albumin was recovered and it is assumed that it represents a fragment of kallikrein.It is concluded that during massive surface adsorption, most of the adsorbed factor XIIa becomes fragmented. This fragment acquires prekallikrein‐activating activity. The fragment retains some of the property of the parent molecule by being able to partially correct the clotting defect of factor XII‐deficient plasma. These findings are in good agreement with those obtained under similar conditions with human plasma.
Induction of immunoglobulin and antibody synthesis in vitro by lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Anderson J. , Sjöberg O. , Moller G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLipopolysaccharides (LPS) from E. coli bacteria were found to be mitogenic for bone marrowderived (B) lymphocytes, but had no effect on thymusderived (T) lymphocytes. When added to normal spleen cells in culture, LPS selectively stimulated the secretion of 19 S proteins, whereas there was no demonstrable increase of 7 S protein synthesis. Spleen cell cultures treated with various doses of LPS exhibited atypical dose response curve with regard to induction of DNA synthesis, 10 μg/ml being optimal, higher and lower concentrations giving lower responses. When direct antibody producing cells to horse and sheep red cells were studied in normal spleen cell cultures exposed to different concentrations of LPS in vitro, it was found that their number increased in parallel with stimulation of DNA synthesis. In contrast, the number of antibody producing cells to LPS itself did not parallel activation of DNA synthesis. Spleen cells from LPS tolerant animals responded with increased numbers of antibody producing cells to heterologous red cells after treatment with LPS in vitro to the same extent as normal spleen cells.Thus, a B cell mitogen, such as LPS, could activate division in B cells, resulting in an increased number of cells producing antibodies to non‐cross‐reacting antigens, mimicing the effect of specific antigen.
Specificity of antigen recognition by normal thymus cells in nude mice
Authors: Kindred Berenice 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIf injected with normal thymus cells from BALB/c or BALB/c‐Igb, nude mice from a stock which is partially backcrossed to BALB/c make antibodies to many antigens to which untreated nude mice do not respond. Anti‐Igb can be made if the thymus donor is BALB/c, but not if the thymus donor is BALB/c‐Igb. If cells from both donor strains are injected, a response is obtained which shows that the unresponsiveness of recipients of BALB/c‐Igb cells is not due to tolerance of donor antigens.
Thoracic duct lymphocytes from nude mice: Migratory properties and life‐span
Authors: Sprent J. , Miller J. F. A. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe thoracic duct lymphocyte (TDL) output from nude mice was 5–6 times lower than that from CBA mice during the first 24 h of drainage. Labeled TDL from nude mice (a virtually pure population of B cells) and from CBA mice (containing about 85 % T cells and 15 % B cells) were injected into nude and CBA recipients, respectively, in which thoracic duct fistulas had been established. The recovery of labeled cells in the lymph was 40 – 70 % for CBA TDL was studied and the results suggested that B cells homed predominanlty to the spleen and tended to remain there, whereas those T cells that had a much slower tempo than can T cells. The homing of 51Cr‐labeled nude and CBA TDL was studied and the results suggested that B cells homed predominanlty to the spleen and tended to remain there, whereas those T cells that had initially lodged in the spleen subsequently migrated to the lymph nodes. There was a linear relationship between the appearance of labeled cells in the lymph and the period of time during which tritiated thymidine had been administered thrice daily to nude and to CBA mice. It could be calculated from the curves obtained in these mice that the potential average life‐span of B cells was of the order of 8 weeks and of T cells of 16 weeks.
Antigenic properties of a water soluble fraction of sheep erythrocytes
Authors: Seman M. , Mazié J. C. , Bussard A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA technique for preparing soluble extracts of sheep erythrocytes is described. A fraction thereof is fully immunogenic and inhibits antibody formed by spleen cells from only those mice immunized with sheep red blood cells, but not from those which received extracts of horse red blood cells.The specificity of this fraction varies from one sheep to another.
Structure of the lymphocyte membrane. II. Evidence of two classes of Ig on the surface of rabbit lymphocytes during primary response to sheep red blood cells using inhibition of rosette‐forming cells and combined ultrastructural autoradiographic and peroxydase methods
Authors: Bona C. A. , Trebiciavsky I. , Anteunis Anny , Heuclin C. , Robineaux R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe evolution of immunoglobulin receptors at the surface of spleen rabbit lymphocytes during the primary response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was investigated.Using inhibition of rosette‐forming cells (RFC) by specific anti‐rabbit immunoglobulin sera and a combined ultrastructural autoradiographic and immunocytochemical method, two classes of immunoglobulins have been found on the surface of the same cell during the early phase of primary response to SRBC.Anti‐immunoglobulin sera did not show any additive effects on inhibition of non‐immunized and 7‐day RFC. Using a combined ultrastructural method, cells never displayed more than one label on their surfaces.
Studies on the mechanism of antigenic competition: Analysis of competition between synthetic polypeptide antigens
Authors: Tassig M. J. , Mozes Edna , Shearer G. M. , Sela M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntigenic competition has been studied in C3H/HeJ mice between determinants of the multichain synthetic polypeptide antigens, (Phe, G)‐A–L, (T, G)‐Pro–L and (Phe, G)‐Pro–L. Since these mice did not respond detectably to (T, G) and only very weakly to A–L, the relevant immunopotent regions involved were Pro – L and (Phe, G). Thus, these animals generated a good response to the (Phe, G) determinant, when given as (Phe, G)‐A–L, and a good response to Pro – L, when administered either as such or as (T, G)‐Pro–L. However, when the immunogen was (Phe, G)‐Pro–L, the antibody response was mainly towards Pro–L, whereas a very poor response was obtained to the (Phe, G) specificity. This is interpreted as antigenic competition between Pro–L and (Phe, G), with Pro–L the dominant and (Phe, G) the suppressed determinant.Competition was also demonstrated with mixtures of (T, G)‐Pro–L and (Phe, G)‐A–L. Competition with the mixed antigens was dependent on the relative amounts of the immunogens in the mixtures. Thus, a molar excess of (T, G)‐Pro–L over (Phe, G)‐A–L of 5 to 1 suppressed the response to (Phe, G), but an excess of (Phe, G)‐A–L of 5 to 1 suppressed the of 25 to 1 caused suppression of the anti‐Pro–L response. With equimolar mixtures, an optimal primary response to both (Phe, C) and Pro–L was observed. Where competition had occurred in the primary response, no priming was detected for a secondary response. Under certain conditions immunological memory could be suppressed by competition even though an apparently normal primary response had occurred, suggesting that memory is more susceptible to suppression by competition than is the primary response.The ability of an excess of (Phe, G)‐A–L to suppress the response to Pro–L could be reproduced completely with A–L alone. Thus, a molecule that is very poorly immunogenic, but which functions as a carrier for haptens, can be successful in competition.
The detection of Θ antigen on cells by immunofluorescence: Failure to detect Θ antigen on rosette‐forming cells
Authors: Russell S. M. , Ferrarini M. , Munro A. , Lachmann P. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA technique is described which is capable of detecting Θ antigen on the surface of lymphoid cells. It utilizes the fixation of C6 deficient rabbit complement, the fixed C3 being detected by means of anti‐C3 serum conjugated with fluorochrome.In an attempt to demonstrate antigen‐binding cells of thymic origin, the technique has been combined with the suspension‐centrifugation technique for rosette formation. This system gives no evidence for the existence of thymusderived rosette‐forming cells.
The effect of thymectomy and anti‐thymocyte serum on the immunological competence of adult mice
Authors: Ströbel G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immune response of normal mice, adult thymectomized mice, micetreated with anti‐thymocyte serum and ice which were treated with antithymocyte serum (ATS) after hymectomy were studied for their response to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as antigen, 52, 84 and 316 days after the beginning of treatment. Adult mice, treated after thymectomy with ATS, failed to produce detectable antibodies to TMV. The role of the thymus in the adult mouse in the immune response to a thymus‐dependent antigen is discussed.
The restriction of the release of migration inhibitory factor to certain phases of the cell cycle of murine leukemia, L1210
Authors: Thomas D. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMigration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity has been detected in the culture media of the murine cell lines L1210 and P815Y. Cell cultures were synchronized by excess thymidine in order to study the relationship between MIF production and DNA synthesis. Inhibitory activity could be detected only in synchronous cultures of L 12 10 cells; the release of MlF was restricted to a discrete phase of the cell cycle.The presence of surface immunoglobulin and absence of the Θ‐isoantigen on L1210 cells suggest that this cell line is derived from a “B” lymphocyte precursor.
Amplification of B cell clones forming antibody to the 2,4‐dinitrophenyl group
Authors: Askonas Brigitte A. , Cunningham A. J. , Kreth H. W. , Roelants G. E. , Williamson A. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe selection of several single cell clones forming anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody in mice enabled us to study the life span of B memory cells, and to estimate the number of DNP‐binding cells belonging to a single clone, as well as their amplification into anti‐DNP plaque‐forming cells.B memory cells belonging to clone E9 were found to survive for several weeks in the absence of antigen. Memory cells for this clone were transferred into recipient mice; antigen challenge after 2 or 4 weeks led to E9 anti‐DNP formation at the same or half the level resulting from immediate antigen challenge.DNP‐binding cells were labeled with 125I‐DNP on a heterologous carrier protein (Maia Squinudo hemocyanin); for 3 different DNP‐clones the incidence of DNP‐binding cells in spleen (2nd transfer generation, 8 weeks after cell transfer) was 1000 – 1900 per 106 cells. This compares with 900/106 spleen cells in a multiclonal mouse primed with DNP‐ovalbumin; a proportion of these cells may represent T cells with specificity for DNP.Anti‐DNP‐forming cells in spleens of irradiated mice, receiving clonal memory cells and antigen, appeared after a lag of 4 – 5 days, reached a peak of 12000 – 18000 PFC between day 8 and 11 and then declined rapidly despite continued high levels of antibody production in recipient mice; this suggests antibody formation at sites other than spleen. The data are consistent with around 1 % effective homing of B precursor cells in spleen.
Antisera against recognition sites. Lack of effect on the mixed leukocyte culture interaction
Authors: Lindahl Kinten Fischer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntisera against receptors for histocompatibility antigens, known to block antigenic recognition in the product of antigenic recognition‐(PAR) assay described by Ramseier, have been tested in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). The MLC response was not affected, indicating that the T cell receptor is not blocked by such sera.
The lipid A immunity system. I. Induction of heterophile antibodies by enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides and their lipid A component
Authors: Rank W.‐R. , Dipauli R. , Flügge‐Rank U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice were immunized either with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or with the respective lipid A components. After four days an increase in the number of direct plaque‐forming cells with complement‐dependent antibody against sheep red cells was seen. Cross‐reactions were observed with red cells of cattle, goats, horses and rabbits. All LPS investigated, of Shigella, Escherichia coli, and S and R form Salmonella, as well as the lipid A component evoked this immune response. We therefore conclude that all enterobacterial LPS induce an antibody which cross‐reacts with SRC and that the lipid A component is responsible for this reaction. Evidence is presented that these effects, such as toxicity, fever, pyrogen tolerance, leucopenia/leucocytosis, nonspecific immunity, and tumor inhibition are mediated by lipid A‐induced antibodies.
The immune response to phage fd in normal and thymus‐deprived animals of a low responding inbred strain and in genetically thymusless mice
Authors: Kölsch E. , Davies A. J. S. , Leuchars Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThymus‐deprived and normal DBA/2 mice show no difference in the immune response to bacteriophage fd, an antigen for which these mice are low responders. Thymectomy in high responders reduces the response 100–1000‐fold. The immune response to SRBC in the deprived and normal DBA/2 has also been tested. The drastically reduced response in deprived mice shows that these animals indeed lack thymic influence.Low responder DBA/2 mice have a weak primary and secondary response to the phage fd. They largely produce IgM, but in spite of that, they are able to build up an immunological memory. The data suggest that the inability of DBA/2 mice to respond well to fd is a thymus deficiency. This observation is supported by the finding that polyacrylic acid converts low responder DBA/2 mice to high responders. Genetically thymusless (nude) C57BL/6‐nu/nu mice are low responders, but, in contrast to DBA/2, are unable to form an immunological memory. The secondary response is identical in height and rate with a primary response.
Cooperation of antigenic determinants in intact mice and interference by antigenic competition
Authors: Taussig M. J. , Mozes Edna , Shearer G. M. , Sela M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCooperation between two immunopotent regions (Phe, G) and Pro‐L, of a synthetic polypeptide, multichain (Phe, G)‐Pro‐L, in a secondary response in intact mice 1s described. (Phe, C) behaves as a haptenic group for which the multichain polypeptides, Pro‐L and A‐L, act as carriers. When C3H/HeJ mice were primed with (Phe, G)‐A‐L and challenged with (Phe, G)‐Pro‐L, a strong carrier effect could be demonstrated, 2.e. the response to (Phe, G) was very poor compared with that obtained upon secondary challenge with (Phe, G)‐A‐L. Since (Phe, G) is larger than the known size of an antibody combining site, this result argues against a local environment contribution to the carrier effect. Mice received, primary inoculation with mixtures of (Phe, G)‐A‐L and (T, G)‐Pro‐L in various molar ratios and then were boosted with (Phe, G)‐Pro‐L. Cooperation in the secondary response was obtained in some cases, as judged by the enhanced anti‐(Phe, G) titers, compared with mice primed with (Phe, G)‐A‐L alone, after challenge with (Phe, G)‐Pro‐L. However, the molar ratio of (T, G)‐Pro‐L/(Phe, C)‐A‐L in the primary immunization was found to be a critical factor, a priming ratio of 1/5 being optimal. With other priming ratios, no cooperation could be demonstrated in the secondary response. This was shown to be due to antigenic competition between (Phe, G) and Pro–L in the primary response, which reduced the degree of priming or memory for the secondary response to either the haptenic or carrier determinants, Thus, antigenic competition may be an important factor to be considered in the design of experiments to investigate cooperation of antigenic determinants.
A new method to measure the specific cellular component of a delayed hypersensitivity response in the ear of the mouse
Authors: Sabolovic D. , Beugnot Marie‐Chantal , Dumont F. , Bujadoux Madeleine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe here describe a simple method of measuring a pure cellular reaction in the mouse.Mice were challenged at the ear pinna to detect a cell population labeled in vivo with [3 H]thymidine. The reaction was found to be specific, radiosensitive and thymus‐dependent.
The immune response against hapten‐autologous protein conjugates in the mouse. I. Specificity of antibodies produced during the primary response against dinitrophenylated mouse serum albumin
Authors: Rubin B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe primary immune response to dinitrophenylated mouse serum albumin (DNP8MSA, DNP32MSA) and dinitrophenylated bovine γ‐globulin (DNP12BGG) was investigated in different mouse strains. It was found that DNP12BGG elicits specific antibodies against 1) DNP, 2) new antigenic determinants (NAD) introduced by the hapten coupling reaction and 3) BGG. DNP8MSA induces specific antibodies against 1) DNP and 2) NAD, and DNP32MSA induces anti‐DNP antibodies only. Further evidence for regarding the haptenic groups and the NAD as distinct antigenic specificities was obtained in mice high or low responders to the haptens. These mice respond equally well to the NAD.The amount, class distribution and avidity of antibodies produced against DNP8MSA, DNP32MSA and DNP12BGG were studied and the results will be discussed in relation to the cooperation hypothesis.
Nature of anti‐hapten antibodies arising after immune suppression of a set of cross‐reactive idiotypic specificities
Authors: Hart D. A. , Pawlak Laura L. , Nisonoff A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐p‐azophenylarsonate (anti‐Ar) antibodies arising in strain A mice immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin‐Ar have previously been shown to exhibit strong idiotypic cross‐reactions. The appearance of the cross‐reacting idiotype is suppressed by prior administration of antiidiotypic antibody, but a high titer of anti‐Ar antibodies lacking the idiotype is produced in response to the antigen. The present studies indicate that these antibodies do not share idiotype with anti‐Ar antibodies arising in other suppressed or nonsuppressed mice of the same strain. Strain A mice therefore produce at least 2 populations of anti‐Ar antibodies, one showing intrastrain cross‐reactions and the other being unique to each mouse. The results emphasize the great diversity of anti‐hapten antibodies produced within an inbred strain.Suppression persisted when 9 weeks were permitted to elapse between administration of antiidiotypic antibody and the first challenge with antigen. This gives further evidence that suppression takes place at a central level and not through simple neutralization by antiidiotypic antibody of anti‐Ar antibodies bearing the cross‐reactive idiotype. Suppression of idiotype is maintained for a total of at least 5 months.
Studies on antibody affinity in mice
Authors: Huchet R. , Feldman Marc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe plaque inhibition method of measuring the affinity of single antibody‐forming cells (AFC) developed by Andersson has been modified for use with haptens. Using this method, it was possible to make simultaneous determinations of the relative affinities of IgG and IgM plaques during the primary and secondary responses.It was shown that there was no maturation of the affinity of antibody‐released IgM AFC in the primary response in mice. There was an increase in affinity of the antibody released from IgG AFC, which was antigen dose‐ and time‐dependent, confirming results obtained by others. Furthermore, at any time during the course of the primary response, the affinity of the IgM antibody released by AFC was always lower than that of IgG plaque‐forming cells. This difference averaged about 10‐fold.The same factors were shown to influence the affinity changes of IgG AFC observed during the secondary response. In addition the booster, or secondary dose of antigen used, was important. Highest affinity antibody was produced in response to intermediate antigen doses. The maturation of affinity affects the generation of memory cells to the same degree as the antibody‐secreting cells during the primary response, since similar affinity changes occurred in the absence of detectable primary responses.Finally, when the period between primary stimulation and challenge is 5 months, there is a decrease of between 2 and 2.6 log10 in the concentrations of DNP lysine needed to inhibit 50 % of the IgG antibody‐forming cells depending on the doses used for priming. The variation of affinity of IgM antibody was much less obvious, with a 6‐fold difference at the maximum, which was independent of the doses of antigen used for priming or boosting, and of the time elapsed between the two antigenic stimuli.