bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carboxyhemoglobin in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Its Association with Risk Factors and Biomarkers of Hemolysis
Authors: Maeda Akinori , Pandey Dinesh , Inokuchi Ryota , Spano Sofia , Chaba Anis , Phongphithakchai Atthaphong , Eastwood Glenn , Jahanabadi Hossein , VO Hung , Seevanayagam Siven , Motley Andrew , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with hemolysis. Yet, there is no easily available and frequently measured marker to monitor this hemolysis. However, carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb), formed by the binding of carbon monoxide (a product of heme breakdown) to hemoglobin, may reflect such hemolysis. We hypothesized that CO-Hb might increase after cardiac surgery and show associations with operative risk factors and indirect markers for hemolysis.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective descriptive cohort study of data from on-pump cardiac surgery patients. We analyzed temporal changes in CO-Hb levels and applied a generalized linear model to assess patient characteristics associated with peak CO-Hb levels. Additionally, we examined their relationship with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and bilirubin levels.

RESULTS:
We studied 38,487 CO-Hb measurements in 1735 patients. CO-Hb levels increased significantly after cardiac surgery, reaching a peak CO-Hb level 2.1 times higher than baseline (P < .001) at a median of 17 hours after the initiation of surgery. Several factors were independently associated with higher peak CO-Hb, including age (P < .001), preoperative respiratory disease (P = .001), New York Heart Association Class IV (P = .019), the number of packed RBC transfused (P < .001), and the duration of CPB (P = .002). Peak CO-Hb levels also significantly correlated with postoperative total bilirubin levels (Rho = 0.27, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
CO-Hb may represent a readily obtainable and frequently measured biomarker that has a moderate association with known biomarkers of and risk factors for hemolysis in on-pump cardiac surgery patients. These findings have potential clinical implications and warrant further investigation.
Effect of Esketamine on Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Replacement with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xiong Xinglong , Shao Yi , Chen Dongxu , Chen Bo , Lan Xin , Shi Jing 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of esketamine on the risk of postoperative delirium (POD) in adults undergoing on-pump cardiac valve surgery.

METHODS:
In this randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial, 116 adult patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ and a New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ who underwent cardiac valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included. Esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) or normal saline was administered intravenously before anesthesia induction. The primary outcome was POD, defined as a positive delirium assessment according to the 3-minute confusion assessment method (CAM) or the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) on a twice-daily basis for 7 days after surgery. Delirium duration and the delirium subtype were also recorded. The cognitive status of patients was measured according to the Mini-Mental State Examination at baseline, discharge, 30 days postoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
A total of 112 patients (mean age, 52 years; 53.6% female) were enrolled; 56 were assigned to receive esketamine, and 56 were assigned to receive placebo. POD occurred in 13 (23.2%) patients in the esketamine group and in 25 (44.6%) patients in the placebo group (relative risk [RR], 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–0.91; P = .018). Thirteen patients (23.2%) in the esketamine group and 24 (42.9%) patients in the placebo group had multiple episodes of delirium (RR, 0.54, 95% CI, 0.28–0.92), and 13 (23.2%) vs 22 (39.3%) patients exhibited the hyperactive subtype.

CONCLUSIONS:
A single dose of esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) injected intravenously before anesthesia induction reduced the incidence of delirium in relatively young patients with ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ who underwent on-pump cardiac surgery.
High power cladding-pumped low quantum defect Raman fiber amplifier
Authors: Zhang Yang , Xu Jiangming , Liang Junrui , Li Sicheng , Ye Jun , Ma Xiaoya , Yao Tianfu , Pan Zhiyong , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu 
Published: March 2024

Heat generated by the quantum defect (QD) in optically pumped lasers can result in detrimental effects such as mode instability, frequency noise, and even catastrophic damage. Previously, we demonstrated that boson-peak-based Raman fiber lasers have great potential in low QD laser generation. But their power scalability and heat load characteristics have yet to be investigated. Here, we demonstrate a boson-peak-based Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) with 815 W output power and a QD of 1.3%. The low heat generation characteristics of this low QD RFA are demonstrated. Both experimental and simulation results show that at this power level, the heat load of the low QD RFA is significantly lower than that of the conventional RFA with a QD of 4.8%. Thanks to its low heat generation characteristics, the proposed phosphosilicate-fiber-based low QD RFA provides an effective solution for the intractable thermal issue in optically pumped lasers, which is of significance in reducing the laser’s noise, improving the laser’s stability and safety, and solving the challenge of heat removing.
Risk factors for surgical site infection in patients undergoing obstetrics and gynecology surgeries: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Yang Zhan , Wang Dong , Yang Min , Deng Jianjun , Liu Yin 
Published: March 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing obstetrics and gynecology surgeries through meta-analysis.

Methods
Relevant original studies published from January 1945 to May 2023 were searched the CBM, PubMed, Embase, WOS, CNKI, Wanfang, vip, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies eligible were evaluated by two investigators following Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS) criteria. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to analyse the combined effect sizes and test for heterogeneity, and Stata 14.0 software’s Begg’s Test and Egger’s Test were used to test for bias.

Results
13 case-control articles, including 860 cases in the case group and 13574 cases in the control group, met the inclusion criteria. Eventually, Our meta-analysis showed that SSI in patients undergoing obstetrics and gynecology surgeries was correlated with body mass index (BMI)≥24 (OR = 2.66; P < 0.0001), malignant lesions (OR = 4.65; P < 0.0001), operating time≥60min (OR = 2.58; P < 0.0001), intraoperative bleeding≥300ml (OR = 2.54; P < 0.0001), retained urinary catheter (OR = 4.45; P < 0.0001), and vaginal digital examination≥3times (OR = 2.52; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
In this study, BMI≥24, intraoperative bleeding≥300ml, malignant lesions, operating time≥60min, retained urinary catheter, and vaginal digital examination≥3times were considered as independent risk factors for SSI in obstetrics and gynecology surgery. It is recommended that scholars be rigorous in designing the experimental process when conducting case-control or experimental studies in order to improve the quality of the study. Controlling patients’ weight before obstetrical and gynecological surgery, shortening the operation time intraoperatively, and strictly controlling the indications of vaginal digital examination and retained urinary catheter can effectively reduce the incidence of SSI.
Home Away from Home: Excitement or Agitation? Revisiting International Students Adaptability to Life in Malaysia
Authors: Jamaludin Nor Lelawati , Farradina Syarifah , Wee Nur Melissa binti Mohammad Faisal , Sadik Mohd Zaki Bin , Jamil Norina Ahmad , Mahpar Nurul Salizawatee , Sani Nur Zania Azurin Abdullah 
Published: March 2024

The act of relocating from one's nation of origin is frequently perceived as a formidable experience in the lives of sojourners. Several studies and models examining adjustment speculate that either euphoria or agitation can characterize the initial period of a vacation. This study examines the initial experiences of 9 International Postgraduate students through a case study approach, utilising interviews to determine whether their early phase of adjustment was characterised by feelings of euphoric or agitated in nature. The results of the study indicated that participants reported an array of experiences, some of which were positive and others negative. Individual preferences and previous encounters influenced these experiences. Another significant discovery of this research pertained to the pre-departure phase of the students' sojourn, indicating that the psychological aspects of the experience commence well in advance of their initial arrival in Malaysia. This study has the potential to provide a foundation for future research and inform the Department of International Affairs in developing programme components that facilitate the adaption of international students.
Detection of serum interleukin-18 level and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and its clinical significance
Authors: Liu Changning 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of changes in interleukin-18 (IL-18) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the pathogenesis of AAV and the impact of NLR on the prognosis of patients. The clinical data of 52 AAV patients (AAV group) who met the conditions of hospitalization, 30 patients with mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (disease controls), and 30 healthy volunteers (normal controls) in Nephrology Department of Liuzhou People’s Hospital from May 2020 to August 2022 were selected. A total of 52 AAV patients were divided into active phase (>15 points) and remission phase (≤15 points) based on the Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS). Serum IL-18 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in three groups. Pearson product moment correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between serum IL-18 levels and clinical laboratory indicators, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on serum IL-18, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels, and NLR in AAV patients. The levels of serum creatinine, parathyroid hormone, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), ESR, CRP, and IL-18 in active stage of AAV were significantly higher than those in remission stage of AAV. Moreover, the serum IL-18 level of active AAV patients was significantly higher than that of disease control group (P < 0.05). The levels of eGFR, hemoglobin, and complement C3 were significantly lower than those during the remission (P < 0.05). Pearson product moment correlation analysis showed that serum IL-18 level in AAV patients was positively correlated with BVAS score and ESR level. The area under the curve of serum IL-18, NLR, CRP, ESR levels evaluated by ROC curve was 0.921, 0.899, 0.83, and 0.75, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed that the cumulative survival rate of patients in low NLR group was significantly higher than that in high NLR group (68.36 vs 42.89%), with significant difference (Log-Rank = 6.745, P = 0.025 < 0.05). IL-18 may be adopted as one of the important biological markers to judge the disease of AAV, and the cumulative survival rate of patients with high NLR is low, which may be applied as an indicator to evaluate the poor prognosis of patients with AAV.
Cannabis sativa L. essential oil: Chemical composition, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial properties, and acute toxicity: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico study
Authors: El-Mernissi Rafik , El Menyiy Naoual , Moubachir Rania , Zouhri Aziz , El-Mernissi Yahya , Siddique Farhan , Nadeem Sumaira , Ibork Hind , El Barnossi Azeddin , Wondmie Gezahign Fentahun , Bourhia Mohammed , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Abboussi Oualid , Hajji Lhoussain 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the volatile components of Cannabis sativa L. essential oils (CSEOs) and their pharmacological potential in vitro, in animal, and in silico. The anti-oxidant capacities of volatile compounds were tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Anti-microbial activity against bacterial and fungal strains was assessed using disk diffusion and micro-dilution, and acute toxicity was examined on mice using OECD 423 criteria. The results indicate that the main components were β-caryophyllene (31.54%), α-humulene (12.62%), β-myrcene (4.83%), and α-pinene (4.69%). The essential oil showed high anti-oxidant ability (IC50 = 0.981 ± 0.059 mg/ml for DPPH, EC50 = 1.74 ± 0.05 for FRAP), and TAC of 0.101 ± 0.001 mg AAE/g. Additionally, it showed significant antibacterial action against Gram-negative organisms, such as Escherichia coli (11.33 ± 0.00 mm), Klebsiella pneumonia (9 ± 0.00 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.34 ± 0.00), with MICs ranging from 0.0052 to 0.0208 mg/CSEO demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Fusarium proliferatum, with activity levels of 18.66 ± 0.88 mm, 41.89 ± 3.60%, and MICs of 0.39 and 0.013 mg/ml, respectively. In toxicological studies, CSEO proved to be safe for animals. Docking identified bioactive components and explored anti-oxidant and antibacterial properties. Docking proved that bulnesol and champacol caused indicated actions.
Effects of SNAPPS in clinical reasoning teaching: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Flores-Cohaila Javier A. , Vizcarra-Jiménez Sonia F. , Bermúdez-Peláez Milagros F. , Vascones-Román Fritz Fidel , Rivarola-Hidalgo Marco , Taype-Rondan Alvaro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Clinical reasoning is crucial in medical practice, yet its teaching faces challenges due to varied clinical experiences, limited time, and absence from competency frameworks. Despite efforts, effective teaching methodologies remain elusive. Strategies like the One Minute Preceptor (OMP) and SNAPPS are proposed as solutions, particularly in workplace settings. SNAPPS, introduced in 2003, offers a structured approach but lacks comprehensive evidence of its effectiveness. Methodological shortcomings hinder discerning its specific effects. Therefore, a systematic review is proposed to evaluate SNAPPS' impact on clinical reasoning teaching.

Content
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SNAPPS against other methods. Data selection and extraction were performed in duplicate. Bias and certainty of evidence were evaluated using Cochrane RoB-2 and GRADE approach.

Summary
We identified five RCTs performed on medical students and residents. Two compared SNAPPS with an active control such as One Minute Preceptor or training with feedback. None reported the effects of SNAPPS in workplace settings (Kirkpatrick Level 3) or patients (Kirkpatrick Level 4). Low to moderate certainty of evidence suggests that SNAPPS increases the total presentation length by increasing discussion length. Low to moderate certainty of evidence may increase the number of differential diagnoses and the expression of uncertainties. Low certainty of evidence suggests that SNAPPS may increase the odds of trainees initiating a management plan and seeking clarification.

Outlook
Evidence from this systematic review suggests that SNAPPS has some advantages in terms of clinical reasoning, self-directed learning outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, it appears more beneficial when used by residents than medical students. However, future research should explore outcomes outside SNAPPS-related outcomes, such as workplace or patient-related outcomes.
A compact dual-element UWB-MIMO antenna with single band-notched characteristics
Authors: Dalakoti Neha , Jain Priyanka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a UWB MIMO (multi-input multi-output) antenna working from 3.3 GHz to 10 GHz with a single band notch at 4.5 GHz has been proposed. The antenna comprises of two circular microstrip patches of radius 6.4 mm with tapered microstrip feed line of input impedance 50 Ω connected to them. 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate (εr = 4.4, tanδ = 0.02) of length and width 38 mm × 38 mm has been used. Partial ground consisting staircase, T-shaped slot, and defected H-shape slot have been utilized to enhance bandwidth and improve isolation. Additionally, C-shaped slot has been created on radiating element to produce a notch at 4.5 GHz. The design achieves a maximum gain of 5.8 dBi at 8.5 GHz and minimum gain of 0.5 dBi at 4.5 GHz. Isolation between the ports is more than 20 dB in the major portion of band of operation. It goes greater than 25 dB in the notch band. Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG) of 0.0006 and approx. 9.99 dB respectively has been obtained. Channel capacity loss of <−10 dB has been achieved. The proposed antenna is acceptable candidate for UWB MIMO applications.
Efficiency of SIDH-based signatures (yes, SIDH)
Authors: Ghantous Wissam , Pintore Federico , Veroni Mattia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this note, we assess the efficiency of a supersingular isogeny Diffie-Hellman (SIDH)-based digital signature built on a weaker variant of a recent identification protocol proposed by Basso et al. Despite the devastating attacks against (the mathematical problem underlying) SIDH, this identification protocol remains secure, as its security is backed by a different (and more standard) isogeny-finding problem. We conduct our analysis by applying some known cryptographic techniques to decrease the signature size by about 70% for all parameter sets (obtaining signatures of approximately 21 kB for

SIKE
p
434

{\mathsf{SIKE}}{\mathsf{p}}434

). Moreover, we propose a minor optimisation to compute many isogenies in parallel from the same starting curve. Our assessment confirms that determining the most efficient methods for isogeny-based signature schemes, including optimisations such as those presented in this paper, is still a open problem, with much more work to be done.
The amide group and its preparation methods by acid-amine coupling reactions: an overview
Authors: Agudo-Álvarez Sandra , Díaz-Mínguez Sandra S. , Benito-Arenas Raúl 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The amide bond is one of the most important structural units in nature, as it is part of the backbone of peptides and natural proteins, as well as some essential amino acids, DNA, RNA, hormones, or vitamins found in the body. Furthermore, this bond is significant in the pharmaceutical industry due to its presence in the structure of numerous APIs contained in drugs. This paper reviews the most important methods collected in the bibliography for the preparation of this moiety.
Enregistering ‘Austrian German’ on YouTube: A qualitative socio-semiotic analysis
Authors: Niehaus Konstantin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article analyses how the social meaning of ‘Austrian German’ (AG) is mediated through YouTube videos. To many Austrians (and also Non-Austrians), AG is a socially meaningful register which indexes national linguistic identity in discourse. It includes features of standard, colloquial, or dialect repertoire as well as style shifting between those levels. The discursive process of creating the register through metacommunication (enregisterment) often involves the stylisation of linguistic features and practices but also relies on the utilisation of numerous other semiotic resources (multimodality). Yet, there is little research on the enregisterment of AG in online environments, let alone its multimodality. This article provides the first in-depth investigation into the enregisterment of AG on the large video-sharing platform YouTube. A qualitative socio-semiotic analysis of widely viewed videos on AG reveals relevant discursive topics and ideologies, genres, technical modes, and linguistic stylisations of this national register, such as the ironized sociolinguistic dominance of Germany’s German and the interplay of linguistic features and visual as well as musical stereotypes.
Investigation of the effectiveness of a complex injury prevention programme among young swimmers
Authors: Chrenkó M. , Mayer Á. A. , Szendrő G. , Várnagy A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe training load required at elite level can lead to shoulder pain even among the youngest swimmers, thus, besides modern water training plans and swimming technique development, the planning of dryland training with a preventive approach is of the utmost importance. The aim of the present study was to map kinetic patterns and sports injury risk factors among young competitive swimmers (between 9 and 12 years of age) and to investigate the effectiveness of a complex injury prevention programme on dry land.Materials and methodsA total of 37 swimmers (19 girls and 18 boys, aged 10.8 ± 1 yrs) participated in the research. We performed a physical examination using the PostureScreen11.1 application, a digital goniometer, a manual dynamometer, and functional and diagnostic orthopaedic tests. The swimmers were divided into a trained group and a control group. A three-month complex injury prevention programme was developed for the trained group. We analysed our data using Statistica for Windows.ResultsWe found that 19% of the swimmers had experienced shoulder pain since starting swimming. We also found several postural faults, a reduction in the rotational arc of motion in the shoulder joint, rotational muscle imbalance, serratus anterior weakness, and scapular dyskinesia. Following the programme, swimmers in the trained group showed significant improvement in the rotational arc of the shoulder joint, internal rotational range of motion, rotational muscle strength, and upper limb stability. Progress was also made in many other areas, although these results were not significant.ConclusionsAs shoulder pain and its risk factors can be observed even among the youngest competitors, a dryland training plan tailored to this group can reduce the occurrence of sports injuries.
Federacja Rosyjska w systemie Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka. Próba podsumowania
Authors: Jastrzębski Marcin 
Published: March 2024

Niniejszy artykuł zawiera szeroką analizę członkostwa Rosji w systemie EKPC. Postawiona w nim hipoteza badawcza zakłada uznanie, że FR przystąpiła do RE i ratyfikowała EKPC głównie z powodów politycznych, a jej władze nie zamierzały w praktyce przestrzegać jej unormowań. Dla oceny słuszności postawionej hipotezy autor dokonał analizy zjawisk, które wpływają na ocenę Rosji jako strony Konwencji, takich jak: dane statystyczne dotyczące orzecznictwa strasburskiego związanego z FR na tle innych państw RE, jego wpływu na reformy systemu prawa w Rosji, reakcji ETPC na liczne wojny prowadzone przez ten kraj, czy wreszcie działań opóźniających zmiany systemu EKPC oraz systemowego problemu niewykonywania orzeczeń Trybunału przez władze rosyjskie. Te badania pozwoliły potwierdzić niniejszą hipotezę.
słowa kluczowe: Europejska Konwencja Praw Człowieka, Rosja, demokracja