bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical application and evaluation of a care model for informing and reassuring children undergoing medical examinations and/or procedures (part 2): Methods of relating and practical nursing techniques that best bring out the potential of children*
Authors: MATSUMORI Naomi , NINOMIYA Keiko , EBINA Michiko , KATADA Noriko , KATSUDA Hitomi , KOSAKO Yukie , SASAKI Shinobu , MATSUBAYASHI Tomomi , NAKANO Ayami , TSUTSUI Mayumi , IIMURA Naoko , EMOTO Rina , SUZUKI Atsuko , NARAGINO Hiromi , TAKAHASHI Sayako , KISUGI Namiko , HUKUCHI Makiko 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAim:  Based on previous surveys, we developed a care model for informing and reassuring children undergoing medical examinations and/or procedures that respects the dignity of pediatric patients and their parents and aims to realize the potential of children.Method:  We enlisted the cooperation of nurses working in eight pediatric wards in five hospitals in the Kanto and Kansai areas in applying the care model on a trial basis and evaluating its effect in monthly meetings.Results:  Analysis of the 82 case reports received produced four categories. Here, we will concentrate on the second category, “bringing out the potential of children: methods of relating and nursing techniques attempted and used”, and eight subcategories. Five subcategories are related to the care model. Children tolerated procedures best when: they were provided with an explanation; were allowed to make choices related to the procedure; continuous explanations were given during procedures; the timing of the procedure suited the child; and distraction techniques were used. Three subcategories are not related to the care model and were newly identified as it was applied: negotiation with the child; cooperation of the mother and family; and the influence of first impressions.Conclusions:  We found that nurses were best able to bring out the potential of children while protecting patient dignity by combining and continuing these various techniques.
Turning Base Hits into Earned Runs: Improving the Effectiveness of Forensic DNA Data Bank Programs
Authors: Bieber Frederick R. 
Published: June 2006

Forensic data banks contain biological samples and DNA extracts as well as computerized databases of coded DNA profiles of convicted offenders, arrestees and crime scene samples. When used for investigative and law enforcement purposes, DNA data banks have been successful in providing key investigative leads in hundreds of criminal investigations. A number of these crimes would never have been resolved without use of such data banks. In addition, in some limited number of investigations, the exclusion of known suspects whose DNA profiles are known to be in an offender database can save valuable investigative time.Despite the above benefits, in hundreds of cases DNA samples are never collected and administrative and laboratory logjams delay prompt database searches. Furthermore, hundreds of DNA database matches (hits) languish, without any followup by law enforcement or prosecutors. These prevent or delay DNA matches and therefore can leave the public in grave risk of potential harm from recidivistic offenders who otherwise could have been apprehended and convicted if the process functioned more effectively.
An Approach to Robust Design of Turbulent Convective Systems
Authors: Rolander Nathan , Rambo Jeffrey , Joshi Yogendra , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe complex turbulent flow regimes encountered in many thermal-fluid engineering applications have proven resistant to the effective application of systematic design because of the computational expense of model evaluation and the inherent variability of turbulent systems. In this paper the integration of a novel reduced order turbulent convection modeling approach based upon the proper orthogonal decomposition technique with the application of robust design principles implemented using the compromise decision support problem is investigated as an effective design approach for this domain. In the example application considered, thermally efficient computer server cabinet configurations that are insensitive to variations in operating conditions are determined. The computer servers are cooled by turbulent convection and have unsteady heat generation and cooling air flows, yielding substantial variability, yet have some of the most stringent operational requirements of any engineering system. Results of the application of this approach to an enclosed cabinet example show that the resulting robust thermally efficient configurations are capable of dissipating up to a 50% greater heat load and a 60% decrease in the temperature variability using the same cooling infrastructure.
A review of the moss-monitoring survey around the Trail smelter,British Columbia
Authors: Goodarzi F. , Sanei H. , Garrett R. G. , Labonté M. , Duncan W. F. 
Published: June 2006

The distribution of aerially deposited metals, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, was studied using passive collection moss monitoring in the vicinity of the smelter in Trail, British Columbia, Canada. The concentrations of metals/metalloids were measured in moss bags exposed to atmospheric deposition for periods of three months. The results show the greatest deposition of metals proximal to the smelter, and a decrease in deposition with increasing distance from the smelter. The pattern of deposition varies with the season, the element under study, and the location of the monitoring station. The depositional pattern around the Trail smelter is controlled mainly by the physiography of the region as related to shape and orientation of the Columbia river valley and direction of the prevailing wind. The results show that the annual aerial deposition of metals is directly related to the quantity of stack-emitted metals and Pb–Zn production levels.
The distribution of Pb, Zn and Cd in surface soils around the Trail smelter shows a similar pattern to their deposition at moss-monitoring stations. These soils are characterized by an elevated concentration of metals in the proximity of the smelter, indicating the effect of airborne materials on the geochemistry of the soils in the study area. Such similarity was not found for Hg, Cu and As, indicating that the variation of these elements in soil samples is more likely related to soil chemistry rather than to atmospheric deposition.
The Effect of Polymer Molecular Weight and Solvent Type on the Planarization of Spin‐Coated Films
Authors: Bullwinkel M. D. , Gu J. , Campbell G. A. , Sukanek P. C. 
Published: June 2006

Experiments were performed to determine how the physical properties of coating solutions affect the planarization of spin‐coated films. The planarization of lines 25 μm wide and 0.67 μm high by 1 μm thick spin‐coated films were measured for solutions composed of different solvent‐polymer molecular weight pairs. Three solvents (toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and chloroform), which have different evaporation rates, were selected as a means of controlling the solvent concentration in the film. Four polystyrenes ranging from

3.10
×

10

5

to

8.30
×

10

3

weight average molecular weights

(

M

w

)

were used. Because the film thickness in these experiments was kept constant, the differences in planarization were due solely to the differences in coating materials. For a given solvent, step heights were significantly reduced by lowering

M

w

from 310,000 to 44,100 but remained unchanged for reduction below the critical molecular weight

M

c

. The step heights were essentially equal (0.40 μm) for all three solvents for

M

w

<

M

c

. Estimates of the solvent concentration in the film indicated that the solvent probably evaporated within the first few seconds of spin. As a result, the film viscosity increased rapidly so there was insufficient time for leveling before the film became glassy.
A Comparison of Trends in the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in the United States
Authors: McGlynn Katherine A. , Tarone Robert E. , El-Serag Hashem B. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The incidence rates of liver cancers, both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), are increasing in the U.S. It is possible that the increases are related to common exposures, and if so, similar trends in incidence by gender, age, ethnicity, and calendar period, might exist. To examine this hypothesis, age-specific trends in the incidence of HCC and ICC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program (1976-2000) were examined by year of diagnosis and year of birth. Age-period-cohort models were also fit to the data. The incidence of HCC in the most recent time period was twice as high among Black men (8.8/100,000) and women (2.6/100,000) as among White men (4.6/100,000) and women (1.2/100,000). However, between 1976 and 2000, incidence among all four ethnic- and gender-specific groups increased by &gt;90% (White males, 123.2%; White females, 96.8%; Black males, 97.9%; Black females, 91.9%) with young White men experiencing the greatest increases (432%). In contrast, ICC rates were similar for Black (0.93/100,000) and White men (0.92/100,000), but higher for White (0.57/100,000) than Black women (0.39/100,000). Although ICC incidence increased among all groups, the increase was greatest for Black men (138.5%), followed by White men (124.4%), White women (111.1%), and Black women (85.7%) Age-period-cohort analyses of HCC revealed a significant cohort effect among younger men (45-65 years old), but not older men (65-84 years old), suggesting possible differences in etiology. In conclusion, the rates of HCC and ICC approximately doubled between 1976 and 2000. Trends by age, gender, ethnicity, and birth cohort suggest that heterogeneity exists in the factors influencing these rates. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(6):1198-203)
Breast Density and Parenchymal Patterns as Markers of Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis
Authors: McCormack Valerie A. , dos Santos Silva Isabel 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMammographic features are associated with breast cancer risk, but estimates of the strength of the association vary markedly between studies, and it is uncertain whether the association is modified by other risk factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of publications on mammographic patterns in relation to breast cancer risk. Random effects models were used to combine study-specific relative risks. Aggregate data for &gt;14,000 cases and 226,000 noncases from 42 studies were included. Associations were consistent in studies conducted in the general population but were highly heterogeneous in symptomatic populations. They were much stronger for percentage density than for Wolfe grade or Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification and were 20% to 30% stronger in studies of incident than of prevalent cancer. No differences were observed by age/menopausal status at mammography or by ethnicity. For percentage density measured using prediagnostic mammograms, combined relative risks of incident breast cancer in the general population were 1.79 (95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.16), 2.11 (1.70-2.63), 2.92 (2.49-3.42), and 4.64 (3.64-5.91) for categories 5% to 24%, 25% to 49%, 50% to 74%, and ≥75% relative to &lt;5%. This association remained strong after excluding cancers diagnosed in the first-year postmammography. This review explains some of the heterogeneity in associations of breast density with breast cancer risk and shows that, in well-conducted studies, this is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. It also refutes the suggestion that the association is an artifact of masking bias or that it is only present in a restricted age range.(Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(6):1159–69)
Associations between Catalase Phenotype and Genotype: Modification by Epidemiologic Factors
Authors: Ahn Jiyoung , Nowell Susan , McCann Susan E. , Yu Jihnhee , Carter Lisa , Lang Nicholas P. , Kadlubar Fred F. , Ratnasinghe Luke D. , Ambrosone Christine B. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Catalase is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that neutralizes hydrogen peroxide and is induced by oxidative challenge. A −262C → T polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene (CAT) is associated with risk of several conditions related to oxidative stress. We sought to determine the functional effects of the CAT polymorphism on enzyme activity in erythrocytes and the potential modifying effects of demographic and lifestyle factors on genotype/phenotype relationships, using specimens and data from controls from breast and prostate cancer studies in Arkansas (n = 420). There was a dose-response reduction in catalase activity by genotype, with geometric means of 115.4 units/mg hemoglobin for those with CC genotypes, 82.1 units/mg for those with CT genotypes, and 73.5 units/mg for those with TT genotypes. Associations were only observed among Caucasians (P &lt; 0.0001), with no effects among African Americans (P = 0.91), and were stronger among women than men, although numbers in stratified analyses were small. Differences in catalase activity by genotype were most pronounced among those in the highest tertiles of consumption of fruits and vegetables (−35%, P = 0.003), with weaker relationships among those who were lower consumers (−21.8%, P = 0.16). Among those with CC genotypes, there was no change in activity by consumption, but there were notable decreases in activity by tertiles of consumption for those with at least one T allele. These data indicate that the CAT −262C → T polymorphism predicts a portion of catalase phenotype, which may be limited to Caucasians. Associations between genotype and phenotype were modified by dietary factors, illustrating the biochemical complexity of studies of genetic polymorphisms and disease risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(6):1217-22)
Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Using Automated Quantitative Protein Analysis
Authors: Psyrri Amanda , Yu Ziwei , Bamias Aris , Weinberger Paul M. , Markakis Sonia , Kowalski Diane , Camp Robert L. , Rimm David L. , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Purpose: The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP) is regarded as an important prognostic biomarker in cancer. Here, we sought to determine the prognostic value of cIAP protein levels in epithelial ovarian cancer using a novel method of compartmentalized in situ protein analysis.
Methods: A tissue array composed of 150 advanced-stage ovarian cancers, treated with surgical debulking followed by platinum/paclitaxel–based combination chemotherapy, was constructed. For evaluation of protein expression, we used an immunofluorescence-based method of automated in situ quantitative measurement of protein analysis.
Results: The mean follow-up time for the entire cohort was 34.4 months. Patients with tumors bearing high cIAP membranous expression had a 3-year survival rate of 31% compared with 73% for patients with low cIAP expressing tumors (P = 0.0020). In multivariable analysis, adjusting for well-characterized prognostic variables, low membranous cIAP expression level was the only significant prognostic factor for overall survival.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that cIAP protein levels have prognostic value in ovarian cancer patients. Modulation of cIAP levels may improve clinical outcome in ovarian cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(6):1179-83)
Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter phase 1/2 study
Authors: Mateos María-Victoria , Hernández José-M. , Hernández Miguel-T. , Gutiérrez Norma-C. , Palomera Luis , Fuertes Marta , Díaz-Mediavilla Joaquín , Lahuerta Juan-J. , de la Rubia Javier , Terol María-José , Sureda Ana , Bargay Joan , Ribas Paz , de Arriba Felipe , Alegre Adrian , Oriol Albert , Carrera Dolores , García-Laraña José , García-Sanz Ramón , Bladé Joan , Prósper Felipe , Mateo Gemma , Esseltine Dixie-Lee , van de Velde Helgi , Miguel Jesús-F. San 
Published: June 2006

AbstractStandard first-line treatment for elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients ineligible for stem cell transplantation is melphalan plus prednisone (MP). However, complete responses (CRs) are rare. Bortezomib is active in patients with relapsed MM, including elderly patients. This phase 1/2 trial in 60 untreated MM patients aged at least 65 years (half older than 75 years) was designed to determine dosing, safety, and efficacy of bortezomib plus MP (VMP). VMP response rate was 89%, including 32% immunofixation-negative CRs, of whom half of the IF– CR patients analyzed achieved immunophenotypic remission (no detectable plasma cells at 10–4 to 10–5 sensitivity). VMP appeared to overcome the poor prognosis conferred by retinoblastoma gene deletion and IgH translocations. Results compare favorably with our historical control data for MP—notably, response rate (89% versus 42%), event-free survival at 16 months (83% versus 51%), and survival at 16 months (90% versus 62%). Side effects were predictable and manageable; principal toxicities were hematologic, gastrointestinal, and peripheral neuropathy and were more evident during early cycles and in patients aged 75 years or more. In conclusion, in elderly patients ineligible for transplantation, the combination of bortezomib plus MP appears significantly superior to MP, producing very high CR rates, including immunophenotypic CRs, even in patients with poor prognostic features.
Predicting protein subcellular locations using hierarchical ensemble of Bayesian classifiers based on Markov chains
Authors: Bulashevska Alla , Eils Roland 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
The subcellular location of a protein is closely related to its function. It would be worthwhile to develop a method to predict the subcellular location for a given protein when only the amino acid sequence of the protein is known. Although many efforts have been made to predict subcellular location from sequence information only, there is the need for further research to improve the accuracy of prediction.

Results
A novel method called HensBC is introduced to predict protein subcellular location. HensBC is a recursive algorithm which constructs a hierarchical ensemble of classifiers. The classifiers used are Bayesian classifiers based on Markov chain models. We tested our method on six various datasets; among them are Gram-negative bacteria dataset, data for discriminating outer membrane proteins and apoptosis proteins dataset. We observed that our method can predict the subcellular location with high accuracy. Another advantage of the proposed method is that it can improve the accuracy of the prediction of some classes with few sequences in training and is therefore useful for datasets with imbalanced distribution of classes.

Conclusion
This study introduces an algorithm which uses only the primary sequence of a protein to predict its subcellular location. The proposed recursive scheme represents an interesting methodology for learning and combining classifiers. The method is computationally efficient and competitive with the previously reported approaches in terms of prediction accuracies as empirical results indicate. The code for the software is available upon request.
Kernel-based distance metric learning for microarray data classification
Authors: Xiong Huilin , Chen Xue-wen 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
The most fundamental task using gene expression data in clinical oncology is to classify tissue samples according to their gene expression levels. Compared with traditional pattern classifications, gene expression-based data classification is typically characterized by high dimensionality and small sample size, which make the task quite challenging.

Results
In this paper, we present a modified K-nearest-neighbor (KNN) scheme, which is based on learning an adaptive distance metric in the data space, for cancer classification using microarray data. The distance metric, derived from the procedure of a data-dependent kernel optimization, can substantially increase the class separability of the data and, consequently, lead to a significant improvement in the performance of the KNN classifier. Intensive experiments show that the performance of the proposed kernel-based KNN scheme is competitive to those of some sophisticated classifiers such as support vector machines (SVMs) and the uncorrelated linear discriminant analysis (ULDA) in classifying the gene expression data.

Conclusion
A novel distance metric is developed and incorporated into the KNN scheme for cancer classification. This metric can substantially increase the class separability of the data in the feature space and, hence, lead to a significant improvement in the performance of the KNN classifier.
A hierarchical Bayesian model for a variability analysis of measurements of occupational n-hexane exposure in Italy
Authors: Toti Simona , Biggeri Annibale , Baldasseroni Alberto 
Published: June 2006

This study evaluates changes over time in occupational exposure to n-hexane by longitudinal repeated measurements analysis of data from the Biological Monitoring Registry from 1991 to 1998. The main sources of variability in n-hexane exposure among manufacturing workers in Florence province (Italy) are inspected. The 2,5-hexanedione concentrations in urine of industrial workers are explained by structural, individual and factory information. Here we analyse the effectiveness of a 1994 law on workplace conditions based on variability decomposition of measured 2,5-hexanedione concentrations. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian model which takes into account the different levels of aggregation of data. The results show that for leather and shoe factories, the within-subject and within-factory variance components remain the most important over the time of study, whereas the between-factory components decreased in accordance with the expected effect of the new legislation.
Prognostic Value of Nodal Ratios in Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Woodward Wendy A. , Vinh-Hung Vincent , Ueno Naoto T. , Cheng Yee Chung , Royce Melanie , Tai Patricia , Vlastos Georges , Wallace Anne Marie , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Nieto Yago 
Published: June 2006

Purpose The American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for breast cancer was recently updated to reflect the impact of increasing the absolute number of positive lymph nodes on prognosis. However, numerous studies suggest that nodal ratios (absolute number of involved nodes–number of nodes resected) may have greater prognostic value than absolute numbers of involved nodes. Here we examine the data supporting the use of nodal ratios in breast cancer prognosis and consider the potential advantages and disadvantages of including nodal ratios in breast cancer staging. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the following search engines: http://www.google.com ; Thomson's ISI Web of Science; PubMed. Results In multiple reports from both prospective and retrospectively collected data sets, nodal ratios have been shown to be significant predictors of outcome, including locoregional recurrence and overall survival. These studies span all stages of breast cancer and include various treatments as well as various statistical approaches. Conclusion There is considerable data supporting the use of nodal ratios in breast cancer prognosis. A thorough and methodological evaluation of the potential prognostic importance of nodal ratios in large multicenter data sets is merited and is currently being undertaken by the International Nodal Ratio Working Group.