bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported use of mental health services versus administrative records: care to recall?
Authors: Rhodes Anne E. , Fung Kinwah 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEstimates of the level of unmet need for mental health treatment often rely on self‐reported use of mental health services. However, depressed persons may over‐report their use in relation to administrative records if they are highly distressed. This study seeks to replicate and explicate the finding that persons at a high level of distress report more mental health service use than recorded in their healthcare records. The study sample, N=36,892, 12 years and older, was drawn from the 1996/97 Ontario portion of the Canadian National Population Health Survey. Respondents were individually linked to their administrative mental healthcare records 12 months backward in time. Of these, 96.5% agreed to the link and 23,063 (62.5%) were linked. Almost two‐thirds of those who were depressed in the past year were currently at a high level of distress. Differential reporting of use for highly distressed persons in excess of 100% remained in the use of different types of physician providers after adjustments for other potential determinants of use. Telescoping was also not an explanation. The patterns of differential reporting between groups expected to diverge and converge in their recall ability were consistent with a recall bias. As this study was not able to rule out a recall bias, it further accentuates concerns about the impact of bias in the measurement of mental health‐service use and inferences made concerning the determinants of use. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The Homeless Supplement to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule: test‐retest analyses
Authors: North Carol S. , Eyrich Karin M. , Pollio David E. , Foster Douglas A. , Cottler Linda B. , Spitznagel Edward L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study sought to extend previous work on reliability of self‐reported residential history in a homeless population with high rates of drug abuse. The latest version of the Homeless Supplement to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS/HS) was used to achieve reliability on homelessness experience, use of shelters, transience, and recent residential patterns.Homeless study volunteers were recruited for a test‐retest study from a drop‐in day centre for mentally ill homeless people (N = 25) and a substance abuse day programme (N = 30). They were administered the instrument approximately one to two days apart. Kappa and intraclass correlation analyses were performed to assess reliability.Overall, the reliabilities of most variables were acceptable, ranging from fair to excellent. Six items were reconstructed to achieve reliability and two were dropped. Substance dependence and adult antisocial behaviour patterns did not affect reliability on most items.This study has developed a reliable self report instrument for measuring residential history that can be used with homeless and drug abusing populations. Replication is needed in larger, more representative samples and comparison of reliability with other psychiatric and cognitive characteristics. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The National Survey of American Life: a study of racial, ethnic and cultural influences on mental disorders and mental health
Authors: Jackson James S. , Torres Myriam , Caldwell Cleopatra H. , Neighbors Harold W. , Nesse Randolph M. , Taylor Robert Joseph , Trierweiler Steven J. , Williams David R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe objectives of the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) are to investigate the nature, severity, and impairment of mental disorders among national samples of the black and non‐Hispanic white (n = 1,006) populations in the US. Special emphasis in the study is given to the nature of race and ethnicity within the black population by selecting and interviewing national samples of African‐American (N = 3,570), and Afro‐Caribbean (N = 1,623) immigrant and second and older generation populations. National multi‐stage probability methods were used in generating the samples and race/ethnic matching of interviewers and respondents were used in the largely face‐to‐face interview, which lasted on average 2 hours and 20 minutes. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) IV World Mental Health Composite Interview (WHO‐CIDI) was used to assess a wide range of serious mental disorders, potential risk and resilience factors, and help seeking and service use patterns. This paper provides an overview of the design of the NSAL, sample selection procedures, recruitment and training of the national interviewing team, and some of the special problems faced in interviewing ethnically and racially diverse national samples. Unique features of sample design, including special screening and listing procedures, interviewer training and supervision, and response rate outcomes are described. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Considering context, place and culture: the National Latino and Asian American Study
Authors: Alegria Margarita , Takeuchi David , Canino Glorisa , Duan Naihua , Shrout Patrick , Meng Xiao‐Li , Vega William , Zane Nolan , Vila Doryliz , Woo Meghan , Vera Mildred , Guarnaccia Peter , Aguilar‐gaxiola Sergio , Sue Stanley , Escobar Javier , Lin Keh‐ming , Gong Fong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper provides a rationale for, and overview of, procedures used to develop the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). The NLAAS is nationally representative community household survey that estimates the prevalence of mental disorders and rates of mental health service utilization by Latinos and Asian Americans in the US. The central aims of the NLAAS are to: 1) describe the lifetime and 12‐month prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the rates of mental health services use for Latino and Asian American populations using nationwide representative samples of Latinos and Asian Americans, 2) assess the associations among social position, environmental context, and psychosocial factors with the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and utilization rates of mental health services, and 3) compare the lifetime and 12‐month prevalence of psychiatric disorders, and utilization of mental health services of Latinos and Asian Americans with national representative samples of non‐Latino whites (from the National Comorbidity Study‐Replication) (NCS‐R) and African Americans (from the National Survey of American Life) (NSAL). This paper presents new concepts and methods utilized in the development of the NLAAS to capture and investigate ethnic, cultural and environmental considerations that are often ignored in mental health research. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The development and implementation of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, the National Survey of American Life, and the National Latino and Asian American Survey
Authors: Pennell Beth‐Ellen , Bowers Ashley , Carr Deborah , Chardoul Stephanie , Cheung Gina‐qian , Dinkelmann Karl , Gebler Nancy , Hansen Sue Ellen , Pennell Steve , Torres Myriam 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the development and implementation of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES): the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R), the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), and the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). It describes the instrument development and testing phases, the development of training and other project materials, interviewer recruitment and training activities, and data collection procedures and outcomes. The last section offers recommendations for other researchers who undertake similar studies and who might benefit from the experiences learned in the development and operation of NCS‐R, NSAL and NLAAS. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Cultural relevance and equivalence in the NLAAS instrument: integrating etic and emic in the development of cross‐cultural measures for a psychiatric epidemiology and services study of Latinos
Authors: Alegria Margarita , Vila Doryliz , Woo Meghan , Canino Glorisa , Takeuchi David , Vera Mildred , Febo Vivian , Guarnaccia Peter , Aguilar‐Gaxiola Sergio , Shrout Patrick 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the development, translation and adaptation of measures in the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). We summarize the techniques used to attain cultural relevance; semantic, content and technical equivalency; and internal consistency of the measures across languages and Latino sub‐ethnic groups. We also discuss some of the difficulties and challenges encountered in doing this work. The following three main goals are addressed in this paper: (1) attaining cultural relevance by formulating the research problem with attention to the fundamental cultural and contextual differences of Latinos and Asians as compared to the mainstream population; (2) developing cultural equivalence in the standardized instruments to be used with these populations; and (3) assessing the generalizability of the measures–i.e., that the measures do not fluctuate according to culture or translation. We present details of the processes and steps used to achieve these three goals in developing measures for the Latino population. Additionally, the integration of both the etic and emic perspectives in the instrument adaptation model is presented. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Modelling sources of informant variance in parent and teacher ratings of child psychopathology
Authors: Zahner Gwendolyn E.P. , Daskalakis Constantine 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFactors influencing agreement between parent and teacher ratings of child psychopathology were studied in a population‐based survey of 1458 children aged six to 11. Child psychopathology was assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist. Agreement on the internalizing scale, the externalizing scale, and the total score was assessed using log‐linear models. Characteristics of the children and the informants, as well as variables pertaining to the testing conditions, were examined as possible predictors of informant agreement. In general, parent–teacher agreement was low on all three scales, especially on the internalizing scale, although it was significantly better than chance. Most of the beyond‐chance agreement was due to the tendency for parents to give higher ratings when teachers did (correlation of ratings). Measures representing the teacher's familiarity and contact with the child were significant predictors of agreement for both the internalizing and externalizing scales. Agreement on the externalizing ratings was also influenced by several other factors, including the child's age and religion, the parent informant's gender and education, as well as school grade. Predictors of agreement on the total score included the child's age and gender, factors related to the child's academic functioning and need for treatment as perceived by the parent, and the parent's and teacher's preference for different mental health treatment providers. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
How efficient is a screener? A comparison of the PRIME‐MD patient questionnaire with the SDDS‐PC screen
Authors: Boyer Patrice , Bisserbe Jean‐Claude , Weiller Emannuelle 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBrief structured interviews have been developed to facilitate the recognition of psychiatric conditions by primary care physicians. The efficiency of two of these interviews (the PRIME‐MD and the SDDS‐PC) is examined in this paper. The operating characteristics of the patient questionnaires of the PRIME‐MD and of the SDDS‐PC are compared using independent diagnoses made with the SCID as a criterion standard. According to the main validation studies published for the two questionnaires the sensitivity and the specificity for mood and anxiety disorders are generally good but the positive predictive value remains low. Compared to existing questionnaires, PRIME‐MD and SDDS‐PC screens have better sensitivity and offer the possibility of screening simultaneously for multiple mental disorders. Nevertheless there is a risk of false positive outcomes. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Complex sample design effects and inference for mental health survey data
Authors: Heeringa Steven G. , Liu Jinyun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMental health researchers world‐wide are using large‐scale sample survey methods to study mental health epidemiology and services utilization in general, non‐clinical populations (Alegria et al. in press). This article reviews important statistical methods and software that apply to descriptive and multivariate analysis of data collected in sample surveys. A comparative analysis of mental health surveys in international locations is used to illustrate analysis procedures and ‘design effects’ for survey estimates of population statistics, model parameters and test statistics.This article addresses the following questions. How should a research analyst approach the analysis of sample survey data? Are there software tools available to perform this analysis? Is the use of ‘correct’ survey analysis methods important to interpretation of survey data? It addresses the question of approaches to the analysis of complex sample survey data. The latest developments in software tools for the analysis of complex sample survey data are covered, and empirical examples are presented that illustrate the impact of survey sample design features on the interpretation of confidence intervals and test statistics for univariate and multivariate analyses. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Making good use of numerical predictors: alternatives to categories or straight lines
Authors: Wells J. Elisabeth 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNumerical predictors such as age, scores or scales are often used in analyses that assume linearity, which may be unjustified, or they are categorized, which results in loss of power. Restricted cubic spline regression is an alternative technique without linearity assumptions or the problems associated with categorization. This paper describes restricted cubic spline regression models, following Durrleman and Simon. Two examples are given, one from psychiatric epidemiology and one from clinical research. The first example models the probability of marriage in relation to age, for women with or without antisocial personality disorder. The second example looks at the relationship between anxiety disorder and novelty seeking in depressed patients. Curvilinear effects do occur in psychiatry and it is important to know how to detect them. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Identifying depression and anxiety in a 40‐year epidemiological investigation: the Stirling County study
Authors: Murphy Jane M. , Monson Richard R. , Laird Nan M. , Sobol Arthur M. , Leighton Alexander H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAs a longitudinal investigation, the ‘Stirling County study’ involves a 40‐year period beginning with the drawing of a sample in 1952 for a survey of psychiatric disorders. In 1970 a new sample was drawn and subjects from 1952 were followed, and in 1992 another new sample was drawn and all 1952 and 1970 subjects were followed. During these years, knowledge about psychiatric disorders has increased in the population at large; changes in everyday language about them have occurred and criteria for identifying them have been improved. This report describes adaptations of methods designed to overcome some of the problems inherent in such changes.A revised computerized algorithm named DPAX‐2 (DP for depression and AX for anxiety) is described. The first version, DPAX‐1, deals with a core set of questions that have been asked in identical fashion throughout the study. Early investigations of validity indicated that DPAX‐1 appeared to be an adequate method for the period from 1952 through 1970. The revised version was constructed after data gathering for the 1990s phase of research documented that vocabulary changes had taken place. DPAX‐2 addresses these changes by having more questions about states of sadness and apprehension. It also takes into account improvements introduced as ‘supplements’ that come after the core questions in the interview schedule. These improvements were available in the data collected for 1970 but have not thus far been utilized in reports about longitudinal findings because of their absence from the 1952 data.Evidence is presented that DPAX‐1 and DPAX‐2 were well correlated in 1970 and became considerably less so by 1992. This result, in conjunction with increased diagnostic sophistication in the responses of subjects to open‐ended questions in the 1990s, suggests that the common parlance, especially about depression, began to change after 1970. It was also mainly after 1970 when antidepressant medications began to be widely used, a fact that may have influenced awareness about depression and the language for describing it.For comparison, depression and anxiety modules of the more recently developed Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) were also part of the interview protocol in the 1990s. To explore validity, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IIIR (SCID) was administered to a subsample. Agreement with the SCID results was better for DPAX‐2 than for DPAX‐1. Agreement with SCID was somewhat higher for the DIS, but DPAX‐2 and the DIS showed almost equivalent sensitivity. In conclusion, the most satisfactory approach to studying the effects of ‘time's arrow’ in the Stirling County study will be to use DPAX‐1 for the period 1952 to 1970 and DPAX‐2 for the period 1970 to 1992. The level of articulation between the two versions will therefore be discernible at the middle phase of the study. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive‐compulsive disorder and social phobia: sources of dissonance between ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV
Authors: Andrews Gavin , Slade Tim , Peters Lorna , Beard John 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe present study examined the diagnostic concordance between ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and social phobia. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered to 1504 people, in a sample derived from community and clinic cases, and discrepant diagnoses were identified for ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV GAD, OCD and social phobia. The initial analysis yielded 243 positive GAD, 41 positive OCD, and 190 positive social phobia diagnoses on one or the other classification, yet only 54%, 64%, and 39% of these respective diagnoses were concordant on both classifications. After removing potential errors with the ICD‐10‐DCR criteria for GAD and in the way the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and scorer operationalized the diagnostic criteria there were 426 diagnoses in the three disorders of which 298 (70%) were concordant. The residual discordance reflects the magnitude of the difference between the two diagnostic systems and researchers should be aware of this when they are making cross‐national comparisons of prevalence rates. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Modelling the frequency of psychiatric admissions
Authors: McKenzie Dean P. , Mackinnon Andrew J. , Martindale Colin , Clarke David M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe analysis of readmissions has important implications in psychiatric research, particularly in the areas of emergency‐room administration, diagnostic classification, treatment and policy planning. Although many studies have attempted to evaluate possible predictors of readmission, commonly employed statistical techniques generally ignore the fit of probability distributions of readmissions to the data. One type of probability distribution – the negative binomial – has previously been successfully fitted to readmission data and has been found to give a closer fit than a commonly employed distribution, the Poisson. Employing a form of generalized linear model – negative binomial regression – we extend these findings to another set of readmission data, using readily available statistical software. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
To what degree does the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) correctly identify DSM‐IV disorders? Testing validity issues in a clinical sample
Authors: Reed Victoria , Gander Franz , Pfister Hildegard , Steiger Axel , Sonntag Holger , Trenkwalder Claudia , Sonntag Annette , Hundt Wolfgang , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper compares diagnoses of the DSM‐IV algorithms of the computer‐assisted version of the Munich‐Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M‐CIDI) with clinical diagnoses made by treating physicians using the standard LEAD procedure. A random sample of 68 patients being treated in three psychiatric and one neurological ward of the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry were first examined with the CIDI, using the M‐CIDI/DSM‐IV algorithms. Diagnostic findings were then compared with lifetime and cross‐sectional diagnoses assigned by the treating physician, who was blind to the CIDI findings, taking into account all available symptom and diagnostic information from current and previous charts as well as his own assessments. Clinicians were encouraged to use the DSM‐IV manual to assign multiple lifetime diagnoses and not to focus exclusively on primary diagnoses. To explore agreements and disagreements further, all discrepant cases were subsequently discussed with the treating physicians. There was generally good concordance between clinicians and interview DSM‐IV diagnoses, with the exception of psychotic disorders (kappa: 0.21), dysthymia (0.54) and somatoform disorders (0.50), with kappa values for the remaining categories ranging from 0.63 (any panic disorder) to 0.96 (any depressive episode). It is concluded that the M‐CIDI, in clinical cases, provides valid diagnoses for almost all non‐psychotic disorders and is sensitive for all disorders but might have reduced specificity and predictive value in some anxiety and somatoform disorders. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Panic and agoraphobia: sources of dissonance between ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV
Authors: Andrews Gavin , Slade Tim 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe present study examined the diagnostic concordance between ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV for panic and agoraphobia in a sample derived from clinic and community cases. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered to 1504 people and discrepant diagnoses were identified for the three pairs of ICD‐10/DSM‐IV panic and agoraphobia disorders. The initial analyses produced 271 diagnoses in the three disorders yet only 103 (38%) of the diagnoses were concordant on both classifications. After possible errors in the CIDI and in the construction of the diagnostic criteria had been removed, there were 245 diagnoses in the three disorders of which 137 (56%) were concordant. The two classifications identify different groups of people but use similar names for the diagnoses, a fact that could interfere with the orderly accumulation and integration of knowledge from international research. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.