bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fucosylated haptoglobin is a novel marker for pancreatic cancer: Detailed analyses of oligosaccharide structures
Authors: Miyoshi Eiji , Nakano Miyako 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChanges in oligosaccharide structures have been reported in certain types of malignant transformation and thus can be used as tumor markers in certain types of cancer. In the case of pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines, a variety of fucosylated proteins are secreted into the conditioned media. To identify fucosylated proteins in the sera of patients with PC, we performed Western blot analysis using Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL), which is specific for fucosylated structures. An approximately 40 kD protein was found to be highly fucosylated in PC and N‐terminal analysis revealed that it was the β chain of haptoglobin. While the appearance of fucosylated haptoglobin has been reported in other diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer, the incidence was significantly higher in the case of PC. Fucosylated haptoglobin was observed more frequently at the advanced stage of PC and disappeared after operation. Haptoglobin has four sites of N‐glycans and site‐directed oligosaccharide analysis invoving MS was performed. Site‐specific increases in fucosylation of bi‐antennary glycans of sites 2 and 4, and of tri‐antennary glycans of all sites were observed in PC, compared to in normal volunteers and chronic pancreatitis. Therefore, increases in fucosylation seem to be not due to inflamation, but cancer itself. Coculturing of a human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, with PC cells‐induced production of fucosylated haptoglobin, suggesting that PC produces a factor that induces the production of fucosylated haptoglobin. On clinical investigation of 100 cases of colorectal cancer, cases in which it was located near the liver showed a higher positive rate of fucosylated haptoglobin, suggesting that the location of the cancer might also be an important factor for fucosylated haptoglobin if cancer tissues produce such inducible factors. Thus, fucosylated haptoglobin could become a novel tumor marker for PC and complicated mechanisms would be involved in its production.
Hepatocyte growth factor and Met in tumor biology and therapeutic approach with NK4
Authors: Matsumoto Kunio , Nakamura Takahiro , Sakai Katsuya , Nakamura Toshikazu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Met/HGF receptor tyrosine kinase play a role in the progression to invasive and metastatic cancers. A variety of cancer cells secrete molecules that enhance HGF expression in stromal fibroblasts, while fibroblast‐derived HGF, in turn, is a potent stimulator of the invasion of cancer cells. In addition to the ligand‐dependent activation, Met receptor activation is negatively regulated by cell–cell contact and Ser985 phosphorylation in the juxtamembrane of Met. The loss of intercellular junctions may facilitate an escape from the cell–cell contact‐dependent suppression of Met‐signaling. Significance of juxtamembrane mutations found in human cancers is assumed to be a loss‐of‐function in the negative regulation of Met. In attempts to block the malignant behavior of cancers, NK4 was isolated as a competitive antagonist against HGF–Met signaling. Independently on its HGF‐antagonist action, NK4 inhibited angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial cell growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, as well as HGF. In experimental models of distinct types of cancers, NK4 inhibited Met activation and this was associated with inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis. NK4 inhibited tumor angiogenesis, thereby suppressing angiogenesis‐dependent tumor growth. Cancer treatment with NK4 suppresses malignant tumors to be “static” in both tumor growth and spreading.
Evaluation of the serum N‐linked glycome for the diagnosis of cancer and chronic inflammation
Authors: Arnold James N. , Saldova Radka , Hamid Umi M. Abd , Rudd Pauline M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe identification of serum biomarkers has lead to improvements in the detection and diagnosis of cancer, and combinations of these biomarkers have increased further their sensitivity and specificity. Glycosylation is the most common PTM of secreted proteins and the identification of novel serum glyco‐biomarkers has become a topic of increasing interest because the glycan processing pathways are frequently disturbed in cancer cells. A future goal is to combine current biomarkers with glyco‐biomarkers to yield further improvements. Well characterised N‐glycosylation changes in the serum glycome of cancer patients include changes in the levels of tri‐ and tetra‐antennary glycan structures, sialyl Lewis X epitopes and agalactosylated bi‐antennary glycans. Several of these glycosylated markers have been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, promoting questions about the links between inflammation and cancer. In this review, the glycoproteins which display these glycan epitopes, the glycosyl transferases which can generate them, their potential functions and their use as biomarkers are evaluated.
Results and reliability of protein quantification for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis strongly depend on the type of protein sample and the method employed
Authors: Weist Stephanie , Eravci Murat , Broedel Oliver , Fuxius Sandra , Eravci Selda , Baumgartner Andreas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe investigated the effects of tissue samples taken from rat brain on the reliability of three protein quantification kits: the Bradford assay, the 2‐D Quant Kit, and the EZQ Protein Quantitation Kit. All three assays measured significantly smaller amounts of protein after extraction than the reference values before extraction. Only small effects were seen in homogenates, but very pronounced differences in membrane‐enriched and highly lipophilic subcellular fractions. Researchers should evaluate which method of protein quantification is best qualified for their specific experimental design.
Modifications by Olmesartan medoxomil treatment of the platelet protein profile of moderate hypertensive patients
Authors: Sacristán Daniel , Marques María , Zamorano‐León José J , Luque Manuel , Armengol Juan , del Castillo Juan , Martín Javier , Delpón Eva , Ramos‐Mozo Priscila , de Prada Teresa P , Tamargo Juan , Barrientos Alberto , Macaya Carlos , López‐Farré Antonio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOlmesartan medoxomil is a new angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) which exhibits pleiotropic effects that are not fully understood. Our aims were: i) to determine the effect of Olmesartan medoxomil on blood pressure, lipid profile and renal functionality in moderately hypertensive patients with non‐controlled blood pressure, ii) to determine if Olmesartan medoxomil may exert anti‐inflammatory effects and modify the expression profile of platelet proteins. Thirteen moderate hypertensive patients with non‐controlled systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal function classified as Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative stage 2–3 were included. Patients were treated with Olmesartan medoxomil (20 mg/day) for 6 months. SBP, proteinuria and the plasma levels of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol were reduced after the treatment. Olmesartan medoxomil did not modify the circulating plasma levels of a number of proteins associated with inflammation, but reduced the expression level of different platelet proteins including tropomyosin‐β chain isotypes 3 and 4, serotransferrin isotypes 1 to 5, the leukocyte elastase inhibitor and the chloride intracellular channel‐protein isotype 1. The expression of the gelsolin precursor isotype 4 was increased in the platelets after the treatment. In summary, Olmesartan medoxomil reduced SBP, total and LDL‐cholesterol plasma levels and urinary protein excretion and induced changes in the expression of platelet proteins which may be related to some action of the drug at the megakaryocyte level.
Post‐transplant proteinuria associated with everolimus: Definition of main features with proteomics
Authors: Ghiggeri Gian Marco , Bruschi Maurizio , Musante Luca , Candiano Giovanni , Boccardi Claudia , Citti Lorenzo , Rastaldi Maria Pia , Mangraviti Salvatore , Rosso Giuseppina , Larti Aida , Rosati Alberto , Urbani Andrea , Gusmano Rosanna , Bertoni Elisabetta , Salvadori Maurizio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLittle is known on both the composition and mechanism(s) of proteinuria associated with the use of mTOR inhibitors, in particular of Everolimus (E). We characterized urinary proteins utilizing an integrated proteomics approach (quantitative essays, 2‐DE, MALDI‐TOF, Western blot) in 48 renal transplant recipients who were alternatively treated with E (n = 31) or with enteric coated mycophenolic acid (EC‐MPA) (n = 17). Twelve E patients (39%) developed high (>3 g/day) or intermediate proteinuria (1–3 g) compared to four (23%) of the EC‐MPA group. Urinary proteins (p<0.001), β2 microglobulin (p<0.001) and α1microglobulin (p<0.025) were higher in E than in EC‐MPA, appeared more rapidly and were inversely correlated with the day of treatment. Proteomics showed a marked increase of all urinary components in E and EC‐MPA patients, major changes involving typical components of glomerular damage (albumin, α1‐Zn glycoprotein, α2HS glycoprotein, leucin‐richα2‐glycoprotein) and specific bio‐markers for E (clusters of α1‐antitrypsin fragments and monoclonal λ chains). Finally, inter‐α‐trypsin‐inhibitor heavy chain H4 precursor was decreased in E and EC‐MPA urine compared to normal urine. In conclusion, E induced massive and generalized proteinuria of mixed glomerular and tubular origin that was correlated with the start of treatment and reached a nephrotic range in few cases. Specific urinary markers reflect renal alterations related to the transplant or specific alterations associated with the drug.
Proteome profiling of vitreoretinal diseases by cluster analysis
Authors: Shitama Tomomi , Hayashi Hideyuki , Noge Sumiyo , Uchio Eiichi , Oshima Kenji , Haniu Hisao , Takemori Nobuaki , Komori Naoka , Matsumoto Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractVitreous samples collected in retinopathic surgeries have diverse properties, making proteomics analysis difficult. We report a cluster analysis to evade this difficulty. Vitreous and subretinal fluid samples were collected from 60 patients during surgical operation of non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. For controls, we collected vitreous fluid from patients of idiopathic macular hole, epiretinal, and from a healthy postmortem donor. Proteins from these samples were subjected to quantitative proteomics using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. We selected 105 proteins robustly expressed among ca. 400 protein spots and subjected them to permutation test. By using permutation test analysis we observed unique variations in the expression of some of these proteins in vitreoretinal diseases when compared to the control and to each other: (i) the levels of inflammation‐associated proteins such as alpha1‐antitrypsin, apolipoprotein A4, albumin, and transferrin were significantly higher in all four types of vitreoretinal diseases, and (ii) each vitreoretinal disease elevated a unique set of proteins, which can be interpreted based on the pathology of retinopathy. Our protocol will be effective for the study of protein expression in other types of clinical samples of diverse properties.
Proteomic analysis for human urinary proteins associated with arsenic intoxication
Authors: Tan Lia‐Beng , Chen Kow‐Tong , Tyan Yu‐Chang , Liao Pao‐Chi , Guo How‐Ran 
Published: July 2008

AbstractArsenic is widely distributed in nature and is mainly transported in the environment by water. Consumption of artesian well water with high levels of arsenic has been associated with genitourinary cancer, especially bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). To search for biomarkers that are specific for arsenic associated with the diagnosis of bladder TCC, proteins in the urine of non‐cancer urological patients and patients with either bladder TCC or arsenic‐associated bladder TCC were systematically examined by HPLC ESI‐MS/MS. Urine specimens were collected by catheterization from patients and age‐ (within 5 years) and sex‐matched non‐cancer urological patients. A nano‐HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS was used to generate proteome patterns from urine specimens obtained from patients with arsenic‐associated (n = 8) and non‐arsenic‐associated (n = 8) primary TCC and from sex‐ and age‐matched non‐cancer urological patients (n = 8). Three urinary proteins were found to have significantly altered levels in patients following chronic arsenic exposure. These proteins were a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) protein, a calpain9, and ring finger protein 20. The large‐scale identification of urinary proteomes using HPLC ESI‐MS/MS may serve as an ideal and efficient method to establish a panel of potential arsenic‐associated TCC biomarkers and may help elucidate the mechanisms involved in bladder cancer induced by chronic arsenic exposure.
Protein‐induced changes during the maturation process of human dendritic cells: A 2‐D DIGE approach
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela Bomfim , Overbergh Lut , van Etten Evelyne , Lage Kasper , D'Hertog Wannes , Hansen Daniel Aaen , Maris Michael , Moreau Yves , Workman Christopher T. , Waelkens Etienne , Mathieu Chantal 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are unique antigen presenting cells, which upon maturation change from a specialized antigen‐capturing cell towards a professional antigen presenting cells. In this study, a 2‐D DIGE analysis of immature and mature DCs was performed, to identify proteins changing in expression upon maturation. The protein expression profile of immature and mature DCs, derived from CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes was investigated using two pH ranges (pH 4–7 and 6–9) (n = 4). Ninety one differentially expressed spots (p<0.01) were detected, from which we identified 74 spots (81.32%) corresponding to 41 different proteins. The proteins identified play a role in diverse processes, such as antigen processing/presentation, vesicle transport and cytoskeleton remodeling. In addition, a protein interaction network contained 29 (out of 41) proteins, suggesting that, although they functionally originate from distinct classes, these proteins are acting as a protein‐interactome. In conclusion, the proteins shown here to be altered in expression upon maturation are in line with the morphological and functional changes observed during the maturation process, providing a better understanding of the processes involved. This will open new avenues for investigating treatment regimens for immune‐associated disorders.
Proteomic profiling of the effect of prostate‐specific antigen on prostate cancer cells
Authors: Bindukumar B. , Schwartz Stanley , Aalinkeel Ravikumar , Mahajan Supriya , Lieberman Alicia , Chadha Kailash 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) is a well‐known biomarker for diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. PSA has been shown to have anti‐angiogenic activity. We used the emerging proteomic research technology to identify proteins in prostate cancer cells whose expression is regulated by enzymatically active PSA.METHODSDifferentially expressed proteins in PC‐3M cells treated with PSA were analyzed by 2D‐DIGE analysis and identified by HPLC–MS/MS and SEQUEST data mining. Biological network analysis was carried out using MetaCore integrated software designed for functional analysis of experimental data. Gene expression data for several regulated proteins were confirmed by real‐time, quantitative PCR.RESULTSA total of 41 proteins were significantly (P < 0.05) changed in abundance in PC‐3M cells in response to PSA treatment. Proteins from 26 gel‐spots were identified. Many of the down‐regulated proteins including N8 gene product long isoform, laminin receptor, vimentin, DJ‐1 and Hsp60 are known to be involved in tumor progression.DISCUSSIONThe relevance of the level of PSA in prostate tissue microenvironment and its relation to tumor progression has not been elucidated. PSA has been shown to down‐regulate several proteins that are known to have involvement in tumor progression. This suggests that normal physiological levels of PSA in prostate tissue microenvironment may be promoting non‐angiogenic environment and its down‐regulation may promote tumor growth. Prostate 68: 1531–1545, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interatomic distances in pyrite‐structure disulfides – a case for ellipsoidal modeling of sulfur ions
Authors: Birkholz M. , Rudert R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe geometry of crystalline bonding in pyrite‐structure disulfides MS2 is investigated for the M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu series. The decomposition of interatomic distances by the ionic radii approach is first shown to yield metal ion values rM inconsistent with state‐of‐the‐art data. The bonding geometry is subsequently analyzed by assuming sulfur ions to become ellipsoidally deformed in accordance with their crystallographic site symmetry. It is derived, how the S bonding coordination can be modeled by a polar radius r‖ in direction of the trigonal axis and an equatorial radius r⊥ perpendicular to it. Sulfur ions are found to compress along the symmetry axis yielding r⊥/r‖ ratios between 1.55 and 1.73 in the MnS2–CuS2 series and the additivity of the interatomic M–S distance from ion‐specific parameters is re‐established. A constant volume of VS = 0.0133 nm3 is consistently attained by sulfur ions in all MS2 investigated. Finally, the crystal electric field acting at sulfur sites is uncovered to determine the ion deformation ratio (r⊥–r‖/$ \root 3 \of {3V_{\rm S}/(4\pi)} $) with unexpected precision. These results imply that polarizable ions at polar lattice sites should appropriately be modeled by ellipsoids rather than by spheres. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electroluminescence efficiency degradation of crystalline silicon solar cells after irradiation with protons in the energy range between 0.8 MeV and 65 MeV
Authors: Neitzert Heinz‐Christoph , Ferrara Manuela , Kunst Marinus , Denker Andrea , Kertész Zsófia , Limata Benedetta , Gialanella Lucio , Romano Mario 
Published: July 2008

AbstractStandard crystalline silicon homojunction solar cells have been irradiated with high energy protons at variable energies between 0.8 MeV and 65 MeV. As one possible criterion for the evaluation of the radiation induced degradation, we compared the suppression of the bandgap electroluminescence at a wavelength around 1150 nm for the solar cells, irradiated at different energies. The lowest electroluminescence efficiency has been observed for an intermediate proton energy of 1.7 MeV. At this energy value, however, crystalline silicon solar cells are not homogeneously damaged, as shown by the defect profiles, calculated by the SRIM code. We propose therefore a irradiation at a higher energy in order to obtain a relative homogeneous defect profile. At 65 MeV the projected range of the protons in silicon is about 2 cm and we obtain a nearly constant defect distribution in the solar cell and the irradiation can be performed in air. Subsequently we compared the fluence dependence of the degradation of the solar cell parameters after 65 MeV irradiation with other material parameters, such as effective diffusion lengths, as calculated by the quantum yield spectra and the effective excess charge carrier lifetime, as measured on silicon wafers by the contactless TRMC‐technique. Similar degradation has been found for the short circuit current, solar cell efficiency and electroluminescence efficiency and a good agreement between diffusion length and excess charge carrier lifetime changes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A fullerene silirane derivative to improve the open circuit voltage in a polymer–fullerene solar cell: a theoretical study
Authors: Morvillo Pasquale , Bobeico Eugenia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this letter quantum chemical calculations are performed on fullerene derivatives with varying reduction potentials, successfully used as electron acceptor in bulk heterojunction solar cells with the aim to investigate the energy levels of the frontier orbitals. We have successfully correlated the theoretical lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of different fullerenes with the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic device based on the polymer–fullerene blend. We have also proposed a new fullerene silirane derivative with a raised LUMO level useful to increase the open circuit voltage of a polymer solar cell. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Journeys into inquiry‐based elementary science: Literacy practices, questioning, and empirical study
Authors: Howes Elaine V. , Lim Miyoun , Campos Jaclyn 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTeaching literacy in inquiry‐based science‐teaching settings has recently become a focus of research in science education. Because professional scientists' uses of reading, writing, and speaking are foundational to their work, as well as to nonscientists' comprehension of it , it follows that literacy practices should also be central to science teaching. Science as a vehicle through which to develop literacy skills is an attractive alternative that some teachers choose in order to include science in their curriculum. In this paper, we present descriptions of three elementary teachers' efforts to teach literacy practices through science. Our descriptions, through which we illustrate a range of ways in which teachers link science and literacy instruction, are grounded in these teachers' accounts and our observations of their teaching. We end with a comparison of these teachers' approaches, and draw from this analysis considerations for implementing literacy instruction in elementary science education. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93: 189–217, 2009
Security impacts on establishing MPLS/BGP VPNs
Authors: Alawieh Basel , Ahmed Rana E. , Mouftah Hussein T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMulti‐protocol label switching (MPLS) is considered as the future routing technology of the Internet. Service providers with MPLS‐enabled core infrastructure benefits from the capabilities of this promising protocol to offer incremental value‐added services to their end clients. Virtual private network (VPN) is among many of the services provided by MPLS. Security is not guaranteed with VPN implementation, but it is implied, that is, the users expect to receive a secure connection. Two security concerns of importance for VPNs are customer edge (CE) and provider edge (PE) security. The customer edge is the connection from the customer site to the provider's site. PE is the connection between two providers' site. In this paper, we describe testbed experiences and procedures to study security issues in provider edge MPLS/BGP VPN networks. First, we investigate security constraints in configuring a BGP/MPLS VPNs where the provider's core transport infrastructure supports MPLS. Secondly, we consider the use of GRE tunnel with IPsec in the case where no MPLS support exists in provider's infrastructure. We present the performance results on establishing a secure VPN between two PEs in terms of protocol packet overhead and latency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.