bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid involvement with Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 3‐year‐old male
Authors: Burnett Aaron , Carney David , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Scalzetti Ernest M. , Leino Daniel , Souid Abdul‐Kader 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe report on the thyroid involvement with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in a 3‐year‐old male. The patient presented with goiter and primary hypothyroidism. His goiter caused life‐threatening airway obstruction. He developed locally invasive disease 4 years after his response to LCH therapy. LCH should be suspected as a cause of goiter and thyroidectomy is recommended. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:726–727. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal diagnosis of the Cockayne syndrome: survey of 15 years experience
Authors: Kleijer Wim J. , van der Sterre Marianne L. T. , Garritsen Victor H. , Raams Anja , Jaspers Nicolaas G. J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of results in a consecutive series of 29 prenatal diagnoses for the Cockayne syndrome.MethodsRecovery of DNA‐synthesis in UV‐irradiated cultured fetal cells was measured by scintillation counting of incorporated 3H‐thymidine. Semiquantitative autoradiographic assessment of the recovery of RNA‐synthesis (RecRS) was used as an adjunctive method.ResultsIn 26 of the 29 pregnancies at risk, a definite diagnosis was directly made, based on normal (n = 23) or clearly reduced (n = 3) recovery of DNA‐synthesis in UV‐irradiated cultured chorionic villus (CV) cells (n = 23) or amniocytes (n = 3). Adjunctive studies were performed in several pregnancies to corroborate the initial results. On three occasions initial results were unreliable, which required investigation of the recovery of RNA‐synthesis (n = 2) or even additional amniocentesis (n = 1) to achieve a firm diagnosis. Thus, four affected fetuses were diagnosed in 29 pregnancies at risk (13.8%).ConclusionReliable prenatal diagnosis of the Cockayne syndrome can be made by the demonstration of a strongly reduced recovery of DNA‐synthesis in UV‐irradiated cultured chorionic villus cells or amniocytes. Assessment of the recovery of RNA‐synthesis was needed as an adjunctive method in rare cases of poor cell growth and DNA‐synthesis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of the iodine transfer polymerization of vinylidene fluoride
Authors: Boyer Cyrille , Valade David , Lacroix‐Desmazes Patrick , Ameduri Bruno , Boutevin Bernard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe kinetics of the iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) was achieved in the presence of three different chain‐transfer agents (CTAs): 1‐iodoperfluorohexane (C6F13I), 1‐iodo‐2H,2H‐perfluorooctane (C6F13CH2CF2I), and 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoro‐3‐iodopropane (HCF2CF2CH2I). ITPs of VDF carried out in the presence of C6F13I and C6F13CH2CF2I showed the following: (1) a linear increase in DPn versus αVDF, which evidenced the controlled character of ITP, although the polydispersity indices were slightly high (ca 1.5), and (2) theoretical DPn values close to the targeted ones. In contrast, neither of these statements was observed for the ITP of VDF in the presence of HCF2CF2CH2I achieved under the same conditions, even if the synthesized oligomers could be reactivated. Although the CTr values of C6F13I and C6F13CH2CF2I were close (i.e., 7.7 at 75 °C), that of HCF2CF2CH2I was lower (0.3 at 75 °C). The percentages of CF2I and CH2I functionalities were also assessed, and in the course of the reaction, a reduction of CF2I end groups was noted. Then, the mechanism of the ITP of VDF was proposed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5763–5777, 2006
Using Q‐methodology to understand perceived fatigue reported by adolescents with cancer
Authors: Lai Jin‐Shei , Kupst Mary Jo , Cella David , Brown Steven R. , Peterman Amy , Goldman Stewart 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAlthough fatigue is an unpleasant symptom commonly experienced by pediatric oncology patients, it also tends to be under‐recognized and under‐treated. A conceptual understanding of how patients perceive fatigue is beneficial for better identification and treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to understand how adolescents with cancer perceive their fatigue and to explore potential factors influencing their perceptions by using Q‐methodology. The sample included 15 patients (ages 12–18 years) from the Chicago metropolitan area who were receiving cancer treatment. All participants completed a 37‐statement Q‐sort task. Data were analyzed by using PQMethod computer software. Results identified three descriptors of perceived fatigues reported by adolescents: energy and related capacity for physical functioning, psychosocial effects, and anemia‐specific concerns. Appropriate referral for patients with the latter two descriptors of fatigue was recommended. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flare pilot system safety
Authors: Bellovich John , Franklin Jim , Schwartz Bob 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOne of the worst nightmares a plant manager can experience is a complete flare system outage. The flare system is the last line of defense for many refining and petrochemical facilities and, when out of commission, can cause the shutdown of the entire facility. Flare ignition failure may lead to unburned venting of dangerous gases, and may develop into an explosive hazard leading to the loss of property and equipment, or worse, injury to personnel or loss of life. The safety and effectiveness of flaring are dependent upon one or more continuously burning pilots for immediate and sustained ignition of gases exiting a flare burner. Because pilot failure can compromise safety and effectiveness, it should be detected quickly and accurately to allow prompt automatic and/or operator response. Proper disposal of process and waste gases during routine and/or emergency conditions is crucial to help operating facilities protect plant employees and the surrounding community, and to avoid hundreds of thousands of dollars in fines. These reasons alone make the pilot monitoring and ignition system the most important component of any flare system. The advanced flare pilot systems explained in this article offer increased protection from harsh environmental conditions and rapid notice of pilot flame failure. Recently published industry standards for flare pilot design and performance are also discussed. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007
Regional and local labour market prospects: the importance of ageing in workforce development
Authors: Green Anne , Collis Clive 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOverall, the labour force in the UK is ageing, although at different rates in different areas. This poses challenges for workforce development, and has implications not only for older workers, but for everyone, everywhere. However, demography is only one element in labour supply. It needs to be considered alongside trends in participation rates and in a broader policy and cultural context, and alongside likely changes in labour demand, in order to gain a picture of regional and local labour market prospects. The thrust of government policy is to raise employment rates amongst older people (aged 50–69) and to promote ‘active ageing’. The decline in employment rates amongst older men evident in the 1980s has been reversed, but participation rates remain low by earlier standards. Shifts in the industrial and occupational structure of employment mean that there is likely to be a growing demand for customer care and service skills, which older people are well‐placed to provide. Yet estimates of ‘replacement demand’ show that some of the most pressing workforce development issues are experienced in declining sectors and occupations, with an older than average age profile. Examples include agriculture and social care in Cornwall, where there is a lack of new recruits to replace those retiring. It is concluded that improved local intelligence on labour market flows and prospects is needed to inform skills and learning priorities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population ageing and older workers: employers' perceptions, attitudes and policies
Authors: Loretto Wendy , White Phil 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIncreasing employment of older workers (those aged 50 and over) has been proposed as a strategy to cushion the impact of declining and ageing populations. Focusing on Scotland, this article considers the various measures that have been put forward to counteract population decline, and reviews public policy approaches aimed at increasing economic activity rates among older workers. It is argued that the attitudes and behaviours of employers are a crucial, but neglected, issue within the debates on employability of older workers. After reviewing existing research relating to employers' approaches towards older workers, we present findings from focus groups of employers conducted in four areas of Scotland in 2003. Our findings show that, whilst employers claimed to operate equal opportunities policies, they also showed partiality in favour of and against older workers. There was little evidence of strategic deployment of older workers, either currently, or in relation to forward planning. Instead a range of sectoral, structural and spatial factors influenced the heterogeneous approaches of employers towards older workers. We discuss the future employability of older workers in light of recent migration trends, and conclude by examining the wider relevance of our research for population ageing and decline. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The activity patterns of older adults: a cross‐sectional study in six European countries
Authors: Fortuijn Joos Droogleever , van der Meer Marieke , Burholt Vanessa , Ferring Dieter , Quattrini Sabrina , Hallberg Ingalill Rahm , Weber Germain , Wenger G. Clare 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper reports on a cross‐national study of the activity patterns of 50–90 year old adults in six European countries, namely Austria, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It analyses patterns of activity involvement and the resulting expression of satisfaction. Involvement and satisfaction levels are in turn measured against a number of personal characteristics. The paper challenges the idea of older adults as inactive and unproductive agents and stresses the productive, non‐paid contribution of older adults to local economies. The analysis highlights the similarities and differences between the six countries. In general, more similarities than differences are identified. Differences are found with respect to the dimensions of activity involvement and the co‐variations between activity involvement and satisfaction with personal characteristics. These differences are interpreted in terms of differences in the cultural and political‐institutional context between the six countries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Destruction of manganite La0.825Ba0.175MnO3 ferromagnetism caused by structural disordering
Authors: Chukalkin Yurii , Teplykh Alexander , Goshchitskii Boris 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe methods of neutron diffraction, X‐ray and magnetic measurements were used to study the structural and magnetic states of disordered samples of manganite La0.825Ba0.175MnO3. A disordered state was attained by irradiation with fast neutrons. It was established that the ferromagnet → spin glass‐like magnetic transformation takes place at a substitution concentration of ∼6%. A magnetic state diagram of structurally disordered manganite was constructed. The magnetic state transformations are explained by the effect of localization of e g‐electrons responsible for kinetic ferromagnetic exchange. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solid‐Phase N‐Electrophilic Amination of 2‐Aminopyridines: Preparation of 2‐Substituted‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Fernàndez Joan‐Carles , Solé‐Feu Laia , Fernández‐Forner Dolors , de la Figuera Natalia , Forns Pilar , Albericio Fernando 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSolid‐phase N‐amination of 2‐aminopyridin‐3/5‐yl derivatives supported via an acid labile linker by hydroxylamine‐based electrophilic NH2+ equivalents is described. A comparison of aminating efficiency and stability between O‐Mesitylenesulfonyl Hydroxylamine (MSH) (5) and O‐(2,4‐Dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine (Dnp‐ONH2) (8) on solid‐phase is also reported. A practical two‐step preparation of 2‐substituted‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐6/8‐yl derivatives (4) on solid‐phase using this methodology gave compounds in good purity and yields.
Assessing Applicability Domains of Toxicological QSARs: Definition, Confidence in Predicted Values, and the Role of Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Schultz Terry W. , Hewitt Mark , Netzeva Tatiana I. , Cronin Mark T. D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThere are many issues relating to the use of Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSARs) to make predictions for regulatory purposes. Among those issues, characterization of models and the development of suitable tools to determine applicability domains rank as the more important. With regard to aquatic toxicology, QSARs for acute effects (e.g., IGC50−1) often take the form of a hydrophobic [i.e., Logarithm of the 1‐Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (log P)]‐electrophilic [e.g., Maximum Acceptor Superdelocalizability (Amax)]‐dependent, regression‐based model. In this study, the applicability domain of a model for the toxicity of aromatic compounds to Tetrahymena pyriformis [log (IGC50−1)=0.545(0.015) log P+16.2(0.62) Amax−5.91(0.20); n=384, r2(adj)=0.859, r2(pred)=0.856, s=0.275, F=1163, Pr>F=0.0001] was assessed. The structural and physicochemical domains of the model were characterized using two test sets of toxicity data (one prescreened to be within the descriptor space and structural domain of the training set and the other to be outside the structural domain of the training set). For test set compounds inside the domain of the model, there was no relationship between absolute residue values for predictions and hydrophobicity; however, there was a linear relationship between absolute residue values and electrophilicity. It was concluded that predictivity in the region of the domain associated with higher electrophilicity, greater potency, and derivatives containing both halo‐ and nitro‐groups is poorer than elsewhere in the domain, and therefore less confidence should be given to those values. Compounds in this region of the domain of the model are associated with the soft‐, or pro‐electrophilic mechanisms of toxic action. For the second test set, i.e., derivatives outside the structural domain, an examination of absolute residue values revealed that the observed toxicity is typically in excess of that predicted, especially for compounds in the structural space(s) of well‐known electrophilic mechanisms of reactive toxicity. Caution is therefore urged in using statistical approaches to account for, and apply confidence to predictions from the applicability domain. An appreciation of the mechanism of toxicity appears to be critical to the determination of the most likely applicability domain.
The detection of phenotypic differences in the metabolic plasma profile of three strains of Zucker rats at 20 weeks of age using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/orthogonal acceleration time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Plumb Robert S. , Johnson Kelly A. , Rainville Paul , Shockcor John P. , Williams Rebecca , Granger Jennifer H. , Wilson Ian D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAnalysis of biological fluids using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) (metabonomics) can allow new insights to be gained into disease processes, with advances in chromatographic techniques enabling the detection of thousands of metabolites. In this work metabonomics has been used to investigate the metabolic processes involved in type II diabetes in the Zucker obese rat. Plasma was analyzed from three different strains, the Zucker (fa/fa) obese, Zucker lean and the lean/(fa) obese cross. Using UPLC/MS, ca. 10 000 ions were detected due to the narrow peak widths and excellent peak shapes achieved with this technology. Confidence in the chromatographic performance was demonstrated by the use of quality control standards. The positive and negative ion total ion chromatograms obtained from the three strains were readily distinguishable using multivariate statistical analysis. The greatest difference was observed between the Zucker lean and Zucker lean/(fa) rats compared to the Zucker (fa/fa) obese rats. Positive ions m/z 220 (4.36 min), 282(3.78 min), 359 (5.33 min) and 405 (7.77 min) were elevated in the plasma derived from Zucker lean rats whilst ions m/z 385 (6.80 min) and 646 (4.36 min) were at a lower concentration compared to the plasma from the Zucker (fa/fa) obese animals. Negative ions elevated in the Zucker lean rats included m/z 212 (2.30 min), 514 (2.85 min), 295 (4.39 min), 329 (3.11 min), 343 (2.86 min) and 512 (2.86 min) with ions m/z 538 (4.18 min), 568 (4.18 min), 568 (5.09 min) and 612 (4.30 min) being raised in the samples derived from Zucker (fa/fa) obese animals. The ion m/z 514 (3.85 min) was found to correspond to taurocholate, providing further support for an involvement of taurine metabolism in diabetes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for rapidly confirming protein N‐terminal sequences by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Chunxi , Zhang Yangjun , Qin Peibin , Liu Xin , Zhao Liyan , Yang Shuhua , Cai Yun , Qian Xiaohong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe N‐terminal sequence is important for the identification of a protein and the confirmation of its N‐terminal processing. Although mass spectrometry (MS) is a sensitive and high‐throughput method to sequence and identify peptides and proteins, N‐terminal peptides, diluted among most of the peptides that do not originate at the N‐termini, are not easy to identify directly with MS. To develop a simple and rapid method to identify and sequence the N‐terminal peptide of a protein, a new strategy based on specific sulfonation of terminal amino groups and selective monitoring of the sulfonated peptide was introduced. After a protein had been guanidinated, 2‐sulfobenzoylated, and reduced, it was digested with trypsin and analyzed by MS. Because of the strong acidity of sulfonic groups and the specific sulfonation of α‐amino groups, the sulfonated N‐terminal peptide dominated as base peak in the negative mode peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) and was easy to identify. The N‐terminal peptide was then selected as precursor ion for tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis. Four proteins were tested with this method and their N‐terminal peptides were successfully recognized and sequenced. The results suggest that the addition of a sulfonic acid group facilitates the identification and de novo sequencing of N‐terminal peptides. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved tandem mass spectrometric characterization of 3‐nitrotyrosine sites in peptides
Authors: Ghesquière Bart , Goethals Marc , Van Damme Jozef , Staes An , Timmerman Evy , Vandekerckhove Joël , Gevaert Kris 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNitrated tyrosines are easily converted into their aminotyrosine equivalents by a reduction step. We here show that this conversion can be exploited to readily discern 3‐aminotyrosine peptides in a background of non‐nitrated peptides. Furthermore, aminotyrosine peptides are more stable in single mass spectrometry (MS) mode rendering peptide mass maps easier to interpret. One significant caveat of both 3‐nitrotyrosine and 3‐aminotyrosine peptides is their lack of efficient fragmentation upon collision‐induced dissociation (CID) which, in the case of the latter peptides, also produces unexpected, deviating isotopic patterns of fragment ions containing the aminotyrosine residue. The net result is that sequence database searching becomes daunting as the correct peptide is frequently missed since insufficient and/or inaccurate peptide fragments are used. We show that a simple acetylation step, blocking all amines (including aminotyrosine), produces peptides that undergo extensive backbone fragmentation by CID and are thus easily identifiable in databases. Our procedure is additionally illustrated by doubling the number of nitration events mapped in tetranitromethane‐nitrated bovine serum albumin (BSA) as compared to a direct analysis of the nitrated peptides using the same amount of material. In conclusion, we here illustrate that this two‐step process, heme‐mediated reduction and acetylation, can be used for more efficient characterization of protein‐bound nitrated tyrosines. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extensive study on isosorbide‐5‐mononitrate acid adducts for quantification in human plasma using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and its application to bioequivalence sample analysis
Authors: Jain Deepak S. , Subbaiah Gunta , Sanyal Mallika , Shrivastav Pranav S. , Pal Usha , Ghataliya Shailesh , Kakad Abhijeet , Bhatt Jignesh , Munjal Vaneet , Patel Heena , Shah Sapna 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) method for the determination of isosorbide‐5‐mononitrate (5‐ISMN), used in the treatment of angina pectoris, in human plasma is described. The quantification of 5‐ISMN was performed via stable acetate adduct formation with a high relative abundance. The plasma filtrate obtained after solid‐phase extraction (SPE), using a polymer based, hydrophilic‐lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridge, was submitted directly to reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography separation followed by ESI and detection of the resulting ions using triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. There was no significant matrix effect on the analysis. For validation of the method, the recovery of the free analyte response was compared to that obtained from an optimized extraction method. The analyte stability was examined under conditions mimicking the sample storage, handling, and analytical procedures. The extraction procedure yielded extremely clean extracts with a recovery of 95.51% and 93.98% for iossorbide‐5‐mononitrate and topiramate (internal standard (IS)), respectively. The calibration curves were linear for the dynamic range of 10.0 to 1000.0 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.9985. The intra‐assay and inter‐assay precision for the samples at the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 9.02 and 13.30%, respectively. The intra‐assay accuracies at LLOQ, LQC, MQC and HQC levels varied from 98.13 to 118.15, 102.34 to 105.21, 100.69 to 109.68, and 95.76 to 102.92%, respectively, while the inter‐assay accuracies ranged from 93.10 to 118.15, 93.03 to 107.04, 86.97 to 109.68 and 86.18 to 105.85%, respectively, at these levels. The method is rugged and fast with a total run time of 2 min. The method was successfully applied for a bioequivalence study in 24 human subject samples after oral administration of 60 mg extended release (ER) formulations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.