bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunophenotypic and Gene Expression Analyses of the Inflammatory Microenvironment in High-Grade Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Flores-Hidalgo Andres , Phero James , Steward-Tharp Scott , Williamson Megumi , Paquette David , Krishnan Deepak , Padilla Ricardo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) present diagnostic challenges due to clinical and histologic overlap. This study explores the immune microenvironment in OED, hypothesizing that immune signatures could aid in diagnostic differentiation and predict malignant transformation.

Methods
Tissue samples from OED and OLP cases were analyzed using immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry (IF/IHC) for CD4, CD8, CD163/STAT1, and PD-1/PDL-1 expression. RNA-sequencing was performed on the samples, and data was subjected to CIBERSORTx analysis for immune cell composition. Gene Ontology analysis on the immune differentially expressed genes was also conducted.

Results
In OED, CD8 + T-cells infiltrated dysplastic epithelium, correlating with dysplasia severity. CD4 + lymphocytes increased in the basal layer. STAT1/CD163 + macrophages correlated with CD4 + intraepithelial distribution. PD-1/PDL-1 expression varied. IF/IHC analysis revealed differential immune cell composition between OED and OLP. RNA-sequencing identified upregulated genes associated with cytotoxic response and immunosurveillance in OED. Downregulated genes were linked to signaling, immune cell recruitment, and tumor suppression.

Conclusions
The immune microenvironment distinguishes OED and OLP, suggesting diagnostic potential. Upregulated genes indicate cytotoxic immune response in OED. Downregulation of TRADD, CX3CL1, and ILI24 implies dysregulation in TNFR1 signaling, immune recruitment, and tumor suppression. This study contributes to the foundation for understanding immune interactions in OED and OLP, offering insights into future objective diagnostic avenues.
Post-stack seismic inversion through probabilistic neural networks and deep forward neural networks
Authors: Sotelo Víctor , Almanza Ovidio , Montes Luis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeismic inversion, a nonlinear, non-unique-solution, and human-prone error problem, seeks the optimal solution in multivariate space, a task that AI algorithms perform better. So, inversion with AI becomes appropriate to extract information from post-stack data. A probabilistic neural network (PNN) and deep feedforward neural network (DFNN) inverted seismic data using multiattributes, and their results were compared with those provided by a model-based inversion (MBI). Applied to a post-stack volume of the Frontier Formation at the Teapot-Dome field, Wyoming-USA, the three methods provided porosity volumes (ϕ), gamma rays (GR), and Lamé impedances (µρ, λρ). The comparison between well-logs and the provided volumes revealed a reliable PNN prediction, while DFNN achieved the best geologically correlated parameter sections and a less reliable MBI prediction. The geomorphological time-slice analysis discriminated high ϕ-µρ areas and low GR–λρ areas, geologically interpreted as a deltaic environment, with distributary channels and beachfront lobes subject to the action of the tides, which agrees with the well-log interpretation and the basin geological evolution. The results enhanced the stacked section’s importance by the geological information contained, which would contribute to reducing the prospecting risk. Finally, PNN and DFNN encouraging results reaffirm their best searching-in-multivariate space ability.
Social Cognitive Predictors of Bystander Intervention in Racial Microaggressions Among College Students
Authors: Marks Laura Reid , Jenkins Lyndsay , Perez-Felkner Lara , Templeton Da’Shay Portis , Verma Khyati 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntegrating microintervention strategies and the bystander intervention model, we examined social cognitive predictors (i.e., moral disengagement, empathy, and self-efficacy) of the five steps of the bystander intervention model (i.e., Notice, Interpret, Accept, Know, and Act) to address racial microaggressions in a sample of 452 racially diverse college students. Data were collected using an online survey. Path analyses showed that moral disengagement was significantly and negatively related to each step of the model for White students, but for students of color, it was only significantly negatively associated with Act. Empathy was significantly and positively associated with Interpret, Accept, and Act for White students. For student of color, however, there was a significant and positive association solely between Empathy and Act. For both White students and students of color, self-efficacy was positively associated with Notice, Interpret, Accept, Know, and Act. Finally, race did not significantly moderate any relationships. Strengths, limitations, future directions for research, and implications of the study findings are discussed.
Microfluidic Capture Device for Simple, Cell Surface Marker-Based Quantification of Senescent CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Choi Yo-han , Kim Woo-Joong , Lee Dongwoo , Jung Bum-Joon , Shin Eui-Cheol , Lee Wonhee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmong human CD8+ T cells, senescent cells are marked by the expression of CD57. The frequency of senescent CD57+CD8+ T cells is significantly correlated with aging and age-associated disorders, and it can be measured by multi-color flow cytometry. However, multi-color flow cytometry presents challenges in terms of accessibility and requires significant resource allocation. Therefore, developing a rapid and straightforward method for quantifying CD57+CD8+ T cells remains a key challenge. This study introduces a microfluidic device composed of a PDMS microfluidic channel with a pre-modified glass substrate for anti-CD8 antibody immobilization. This design allows blood samples to flow through, enabling the selective capture of CD8+ T cells while minimizing the required blood sample volume. This technology enables accurate and reliable quantification of CD57+ cells among captured CD8+ T cells through fluorescence image analysis. The ability of the device to easily quantify senescent CD57+CD8+ T cells is anticipated to contribute significantly to both immunological research and clinical applications.
Wildfires as legacies of agropastoral abandonment: Gendered litter raking and managed burning as historic fire prevention practices in the Monte Pisano of Italy
Authors: Mathews Andrew S. , Malfatti Fabio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgropastoral practices that historically reduced the flammability of Mediterranean landscapes are poorly understood due to state prohibitions and lack of scientific interest. Oral histories, analysis of agronomical writings, transect walks, and ethnographic study of fire managers and community members in the Monte Pisano of Italy, find legacies of traditional agropastoral practices in present-day landscapes. Forest leaf litter raking, largely carried out by women, combined with fire wood cutting and burning to greatly reduce fire risk. Historic stigmatization of traditional burning and ignoring gendered peasant labor have reduced contemporary scientists’ and fire managers’ understandings of ecological processes and of options for reducing fire risk. Fire managers in the Mediterranean, and in areas around the world affected by rural depopulation, would benefit from a better understanding of traditional agropastoral and fire management practices. Litter raking has been understudied outside Central Europe, is often gendered, and may have important ecological consequences around the world.
Uitkomsten in de dagelijkse praktijk van eerstelijnschemotherapie voor niet-resectabel stadium III en IV urotheelcarcinoom van de blaas
Authors: Reesink Daan J. , van de Garde Ewoudt M. W. , van der Nat Paul B. , Los Maartje , Horenblas Simon , van Melick Harm H. E. ,   Santeon MIBC-studiegroep, Biesma D. H. , Stijns P. E. F. , Lavalaye J. , de Bruin P. C. , Peters B. J. M. , Somford D. M. , Berends M. , Richardson R. , Van Andel G. , Klaver O. S. , Haberkorn B. C. M. , Van Rooijen J. M. , Korthorst R. A. , Meijer R. P. , Van der Voort Van Zyp J. R. N. 
Published: March 2024

SamenvattingDit onderzoek evalueert de kloof tussen de werkzaamheid (efficacy) van palliatieve eerstelijns (1L) chemotherapiebehandeling (CTx) voor urotheelcarcinoom van de blaas in klinische onderzoeken en de effectiviteit (effectiveness) in de dagelijkse praktijk (efficacy-effectiveness gap (EE gap). Van zeven Nederlandse opleidingsziekenhuizen werden alle patiënten geïncludeerd die tussen 2008 en 2016 werden gediagnosticeerd met niet-resectabel stadium III (cT2-4aN1-3M0) en IV (cT4b en/of cM1)-ziekte en die 1L-CTx ondergingen. De mediane algehele overleving (mOS) van gemcitabine + cisplatine (GemCis)-patiënten was 10,4 maanden (95 %-BI 7,9–13,0), wat korter is vergeleken met de klinische onderzoeken (bereik mOS: 12,7–14,3 maanden), ondanks vergelijkbare klinische kenmerken. Een EE gap lijkt te bestaan. De mOS van gemcitabine + carboplatine (GemCarbo)-patiënten was 9,3 maanden (95 %-BI 7,5–11,1). GemCarbo-patiënten hadden slechtere prognostische kenmerken (hogere leeftijd, verminderde nierfunctie en een slechtere performance status (alle p-waarden < 0,001) vergeleken met GemCis-patiënten, maar de overleving verschilde niet significant in een multivariabele regressieanalyse (HR 0,90 (95 %-BI 0,55–1,47), p-waarde = 0,674).
Safety and efficacy of extended versus standard interval dosing of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rabea Eslam Mohammed , Belal Mohamed Mohamed , Hafez Abdelrahman H. , Elbanna Ashraf Hassan , Khalifa Mahmoud Ahmed , Nourelden Anas Zakarya , Mahmoud Nada H. , Zaazouee Mohamed Sayed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated disease affecting the central nervous system. Natalizumab, an FDA-approved monoclonal antibody for MS, has been explored for its off-label extended interval dosing (EID), suggesting a potential reduction in the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) compared to standard interval dosing (SID). Our objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of EID in comparison to SID for natalizumab treatment in patients with MS.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, WOS, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, Clinical trials.gov, and Cochrane Library. Our assessed outcomes were clinical relapses, MRI activity, change in expanded disability status scale [EDSS], and the risk of PML. The EID group was defined as 5 to 8 weeks [EID (Q5-8W)]. The analysis was conducted using RevMan ver. 5.4. The effect estimates were presented as a risk ratio [RR] or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals [CI] using SID group as the reference for comparisons.

Results
Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria: 2 RCTs, 1 switched single-arm trial, and 12 observational studies. No significant differences were found in all efficacy outcomes of interest. Risk of clinical relapses [RR = 0.90, (95%CI 0.80, 1.02)], risk of new or newly enlarging T2 hyperintense MRI lesions [RR = 0.78, (95%CI 0.59, 1.04)], risk gadolinium enhancing lesions [RR = 1.30, (95%CI 0.98, 1.72)], change in EDSS [MD = 0.09 (95%CI − 0.57, 0.76)], risk of PML [RR = 1.09, 95%CI (0.24, 4.94)].

Conclusion
In summary, our meta-analysis indicates that natalizumab maintains its effectiveness under extended interval dosing [up to 8 weeks], presenting comparable risks for clinical relapses, MRI lesions, EDSS, and PML. Caution is advised given study limitations and heterogeneity. Robust conclusions necessitate well-designed high-quality prospective studies.
Mutations associated with boscalid and pyraclostrobin resistance of Botrytis cinerea from vegetable fields in Turkey
Authors: Gül Esra , Karakaya Aziz , Ergül Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBotrytis cinerea Pers. is a polyphagous fungal pathogen that can cause significant damage in the field, warehouse, and greenhouse conditions. In Turkey, fungicides with site-specific modes containing the active ingredients boscalid and pyraclostrobin are used to control B. cinerea. In this study, it was aimed to determine the mutations associated with resistance to boscalid and pyraclostrobin active substances in B. cinerea isolates obtained from tomato, pepper, eggplant, and lettuce in Turkey. In the in vitro bioassay, a conidial germination test was performed. It was determined that 26% of the isolates used in the bioassay test were resistant. After that, mutations associated with resistance were investigated. Mutations associated with boscalid resistance were found in 18 isolates whose SdhB gene was sequenced. No mutations were detected in sensitive MH51 and Ant34 isolates. It has been determined that N230I and H272R mutations were found to be frequent in B. cinerea populations in Turkey. P225F mutation was detected only in the B4 isolate obtained from the pepper in Antalya. The mutations associated with boscalid resistance detected in this study are reported for the first time in Turkey. The G143A mutation associated with pyraclostrobin resistance was detected in all the isolates sequenced.
Um der Freiheit willen: Der demokratische Rechtsstaat bleibt Europas Verfassungszukunft
Authors: Kotzur Markus 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungLiberale Demokratien befinden sich durch ineinandergreifende Krisenereignisse und den daraus resultierenden Vorschub autoritärer Kräfte in einem Zustand demokratischer Selbstentfremdung. Die klassischen Krisennarrative ordnen dabei oft fälschlich dauerhafte politische Wirklichkeiten als kurzfristig zu lösende Probleme ein. Die responsive Verfassung kann im Zusammenspiel mit dem Unionsrecht darauf durchaus effektive normative Antworten geben, insbesondere durch die Anerkennung des Individuums in seinem Selbst-Sein und seinen Grundrechten. Wichtige Akteure in diesem Prozess sind europäische (Verfassungs‑)Gerichte, die kontextbewusst die Responsivität des Rechts vermitteln.
Spontaneous hypoglycemia: should we mind the gap? Long-term follow-up of healthy people who met Whipple’s triad criteria
Authors: Adelmeyer Jan , Schauer Christian Marcel , Kann Peter Herbert 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Context
Patients discharged as “healthy” with the symptoms of spontaneous hypoglycemia, commonly known as Whipple’s triad, need more attention.

Objective
Characterization and long-term follow-up of symptom development in patients with spontaneous hypoglycemia discharged as “healthy”. The objective was to ascertain whether any conditions related to the symptoms were diagnosed during the follow-up period.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of patient data and evaluation of a specific questionnaire on the development of symptoms of spontaneous hypoglycemia. In addition, patient questionnaires were evaluated and primary care physicians were asked about possible diseases not recorded at baseline that occurred during the follow-up period.

Setting
Center for Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Osteology at the University Hospital Marburg, Inpatient Department, Germany.

Patients
All patients who presented to our center for the 72-hour fast between 2005 and 2018 and were discharged without an internal medicine diagnosis were included.

Interventions
Survey by questionnaire, via telephone interview.

Main outcome measures
Patient-reported information on current symptoms compared to original symptoms, diagnosis of insulinoma or diabetes mellitus during follow-up, matched with primary care physician data, and metabolic and biometric data such as body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR), insulin sensitivity Matsuda Index (ISI-M), and area under the curve.

Results
A total of 41 datasets were evaluated at baseline and 38 patients were followed for an average of approximately 10 years. In total, 61% of respondents still reported the same symptoms as at baseline. No insulinoma was missed in these patients. Only two of the 38 patients developed diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion
The high percentage of patients who are discharged as “healthy” and still have symptoms after many years is disturbing. It is possible that the symptoms are not due to low blood glucose. We urge caution with use of the term “healthy”. We advocate a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach after an organic cause of hypoglycemia has been ruled out. Psychosomatic treatment seems to be useful. In addition, more research should be conducted on this topic.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health professions students on mentorship: a cross-sectional study at a sub-Saharan African medical school
Authors: Tamale Elvis , Atuhairwe Irene , Ssemwogerere Arnold , Muhimbura Brian , Atimango Lorna , Malinga Paddy Derrick , Mulungi Jonathan , Ssekitto Joseph , Naigaga Josephine , Kintu Timothy Mwanje , Masood Kiran Mitha , Ohuruogu Victor , Ngonzi Joseph 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Mentoring involves the informal conveyance of knowledge, social capital, and support, as perceived by the recipient to be pertinent to aspects of work, career, and personal or professional development. Students pursuing health-related courses need access to mentorship and its benefits during their formative academic and career states. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, many institutions have not fully embraced this despite the benefits of mentorship.

Aim
The primary purpose of this study was to assess medical students’ knowledge about mentorship and explore their attitudes and practices toward mentorship.

Methodology
We held an online cross-sectional study utilizing a pre-tested self-reported questionnaire targeting health professional students in the faculty of medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST). The collected data were coded and summarized using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results
Two hundred eighty-three (283) students participated in this study. Of this group, 79.9% were aware of mentorship, 61% were willing to commit 1–2 h a week for mentorship, and Zoom was the preferred mode of communication; 98.2% expressed the need for a structured student-led hybrid mentorship program.

Conclusion
Mentorship at Mbarara University of Science and Technology was considered beneficial by health professions students in the Faculty of Medicine.

Recommendation
Future studies should explore accessibility to mentorship and the effectiveness of existing mentorship processes.
Team science competencies across the career life course for translational science teams
Authors: Mendell Angela M. , Knerich Verena , Ranwala Damayanthi , Jones Carolynn T. , Piechowski Patricia , Striley Catherine W. , McCormack Wayne T. , Cross Jennifer E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Translational science (TS) teams develop and conduct translational research. Academic TS teams can be categorized under three constituency groups: trainees and faculty, clinical research professionals (CRP), and community partners. Our study objectives were to define individual and team competencies of these three constituency groups during their career life course and determine relative importance and the level of mastery of each of the competencies needed at different stages of their life course.

Methods:
Each group was composed of experts for their constituency group. We applied individual and team competencies in TS teams by Lotrecchiano et al. (2020) as a starting point for structured expert discussions following a modified Delphi approach that we adapted based on the emergent needs and insights per constituency group.

Results:
The degree of relevance and level of mastery for individual and team competencies varies for trainees and faculty members across the career life course based on opportunities provided and relative importance at that career stage. However, CRPs enter TS teams at various career stages with fundamental, skilled, or advanced levels of smart skills that may or may not be contextual to their role. Community partners equally possess and develop competencies in a non-linear and contextual fashion that are required to facilitate constructive, bi-directional collaboration with other members of TS teams.

Conclusions:
Team science competencies across the career life course do not develop linearly among different constituency groups and require an adaptive framework to enhance TS team effectiveness.
Superjudges and the Separation of Powers: A Case Study of Judicial Informality in Czechia
Authors: Kadlec Ondřej , Blisa Adam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExamining the practices of i) the selection of judges, ii) panel composition and case assignment, and iii) judicial off-bench activities, the article argues that some Czech judges, most often court presidents and apex court judges, use informal judicial institutions as tools to increase their influence on judicial administration and the decision-making of courts. As a result, these judges have far greater influence than the formal account of their roles might suggest. The article explores the context which facilitated the informal rise of these “Superjudges”, asserting that the key factors were institutionally independent judiciaries with individually dependent judges, the absence of a shared understanding of fundamental constitutional concepts, and the underperformance of Czech legal academia. The article then contends that while Superjudges may contribute to an informed, effective, and politically independent functioning of the judiciary, they also risk eroding important divisions of power which, in turn, might compromise the integrity of the judicial process, undermine the authority of courts, and disconnect the content of the law from the general interest.
Civil Society as an Informal Institution in Ukraine’s Judicial Reform Process
Authors: Lashyn Serhii , Leshchyshyn Anastasia , Popova Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSince the Revolution of Dignity, civil society has become a major stakeholder in Ukraine's multiple reform processes. Judicial reform has been particularly salient as it aims to transform the country’s judiciary, long plagued by interrelated problems of political dependence, oligarchic capture, and internal corruption, into an autonomous guarantor of the rule of law. This Article examines how Ukrainian civil society has developed into an informal institution in Ukraine’s judicial reform. Building upon an overview of judicial reform efforts in Ukraine and a general theoretical framework of informality, this contribution studies how Ukrainian civil society influences the reform process, using the example of the country’s Constitutional Court. We argue that civil society has become an influential informal institution which plays an increasingly important role in judicial reform in Ukraine.
Informality as a Virtue: Exploring Positive Informal Judicial Institutions
Authors: Smekal Hubert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMost scholarly writings focus on the harmful effects of informal institutions. This article explores the positive influence of informal judicial institutions on the fundamental values of judicial systems. It develops a framework for assessing such institutions. The paper argues that the normative evaluation of informal judicial institutions is highly context-specific. Depending on their historical trajectories, different jurisdictions may emphasize different interests. Because of this, when evaluating informal judicial institutions, balancing the same values may yield different results in different jurisdictions. The recent trend towards formalization, supported by supranational institutions, goes hand-in-hand with the spreading narrative of good governance, emphasizing principles such as transparency or inclusion, principles that generally stand in tension with informality. This article cautions against emerging supranational templates insensitive to local practice.