bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the relationship between contouring variability and modelled treatment outcome for prostate bed radiotherapy
Authors: Le Bao Viet , Haworth Annette , Dowling Jason , Walker Amy , Arumugam Sankar , Jameson Michael , Chlap Phillip , Wiltshire Kirsty , Keats Sarah , Cloak Kirrily , Sidhom Mark , Kneebone Andrew , Holloway Lois 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives. Contouring similarity metrics are often used in studies of inter-observer variation and automatic segmentation but do not provide an assessment of clinical impact. This study focused on post-prostatectomy radiotherapy and aimed to (1) identify if there is a relationship between variations in commonly used contouring similarity metrics and resulting dosimetry and (2) identify the variation in clinical target volume (CTV) contouring that significantly impacts dosimetry. Approach. The study retrospectively analysed CT scans of 10 patients from the TROG 08.03 RAVES trial. The CTV, rectum, and bladder were contoured independently by three experienced observers. Using these contours reference simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) volumes were established. Additional CTVs were generated using an atlas algorithm based on a single benchmark case with 42 manual contours. Volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plans were generated for the observer, atlas, and reference volumes. The dosimetry was evaluated using radiobiological metrics. Correlations between contouring similarity and dosimetry metrics were calculated using Spearman coefficient (Γ). To access impact of variations in planning target volume (PTV) margin, the STAPLE PTV was uniformly contracted and expanded, with plans created for each PTV volume. STAPLE dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were exported for plans generated based on the contracted/expanded volumes, and dose-volume metrics assessed. Main
results. The study found no strong correlations between the considered similarity metrics and modelled outcomes. Moderate correlations (0.5 <

Γ

< 0.7) were observed for Dice similarity coefficient, Jaccard, and mean distance to agreement metrics and rectum toxicities. The observations of this study indicate a tendency for variations in CTV contraction/expansion below 5 mm to result in minor dosimetric impacts. Significance. Contouring similarity metrics must be used with caution when interpreting them as indicators of treatment plan variation. For post-prostatectomy VMAT patients, this work showed variations in contours with an expansion/contraction of less than 5 mm did not lead to notable dosimetric differences, this should be explored in a larger dataset to assess generalisability.
Edge-illumination spectral phase-contrast tomography
Authors: Brombal Luca , Arfelli Fulvia , Brun Francesco , Di Trapani Vittorio , Endrizzi Marco , Menk Ralf H , Perion Paola , Rigon Luigi , Saccomano Mara , Tromba Giuliana , Olivo Alessandro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Following the rapid, but independent, diffusion of x-ray spectral and phase-contrast systems, this work demonstrates the first combination of spectral and phase-contrast computed tomography (CT) obtained by using the edge-illumination technique and a CdTe small-pixel (62 μm) spectral detector. A theoretical model is introduced, starting from a standard attenuation-based spectral decomposition and leading to spectral phase-contrast material decomposition. Each step of the model is followed by quantification of accuracy and sensitivity on experimental data of a test phantom containing different solutions with known concentrations. An example of a micro CT application (20 μm voxel size) on an iodine-perfused ex vivo murine model is reported. The work demonstrates that spectral-phase contrast combines the advantages of spectral imaging, i.e. high-Z material discrimination capability, and phase-contrast imaging, i.e. soft tissue sensitivity, yielding simultaneously mass density maps of water, calcium, and iodine with an accuracy of 1.1%, 3.5%, and 1.9% (root mean square errors), respectively. Results also show a 9-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the water channel when compared to standard spectral decomposition. The application to the murine model revealed the potential of the technique in the simultaneous 3D visualization of soft tissue, bone, and vasculature. While being implemented by using a broad spectrum (pink beam) at a synchrotron radiation facility (Elettra, Trieste, Italy), the proposed experimental setup can be readily translated to compact laboratory systems including conventional x-ray tubes.
Benchmarking proton RBE models
Authors: Gardner Lydia L , O’Connor John D , McMahon Stephen J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. To biologically optimise proton therapy, models which can accurately predict variations in proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) are essential. Current phenomenological models show large disagreements in RBE predictions, due to different model assumptions and differences in the data to which they were fit. In this work, thirteen RBE models were benchmarked against a comprehensive proton RBE dataset to evaluate predictions when all models are fit using the same data and fitting techniques, and to assess the statistical robustness of the models. Approach. Model performance was initially evaluated by fitting to the full dataset, and then a cross-validation approach was applied to assess model generalisability and robustness. The impact of weighting the fit and the choice of biological endpoint (either single or multiple survival levels) was also evaluated. Main results. Fitting the models to a common dataset reduced differences between their predictions, however significant disagreements remained due to different underlying assumptions. All models performed poorly under cross-validation in the weighted fits, suggesting that some uncertainties on the experimental data were significantly underestimated, resulting in over-fitting and poor performance on unseen data. The simplest model, which depends linearly on the LET but has no tissue or dose dependence, performed best for a single survival level. However, when fitting to multiple survival levels simultaneously, more complex models with tissue dependence performed better. All models had significant residual uncertainty in their predictions compared to experimental data. Significance. This analysis highlights that poor quality of error estimation on the dose response parameters introduces substantial uncertainty in model fitting. The significant residual error present in all approaches illustrates the challenges inherent in fitting to large, heterogeneous datasets and the importance of robust statistical validation of RBE models.
The GaN trench MOSFET with adaptive voltage tolerance achieved through a dual-shielding structure
Authors: Qiu Yihang , Wei Li 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A novel GaN trench gate vertical MOSFET (PSGT-MOSFET) with a double-shield structure composed of a separated gate (SG) and a p-type shielding layer (P_shield) is proposed and investigated. The P_shield is positioned within the drift region, which can suppress the electric field peak at the bottom of the trench during the off state. This helps to prevent premature breakdown of the gate oxide layer. Additionally, the presence of P_shield enables the device to have adaptive voltage withstand characteristics. The SG can convert a portion of gate-to-drain capacitance (C
gd) into drain-to-source capacitance (C
ds), significantly reducing the gate-to-drain charge of the device. This improvement in charge distribution helps enhance the switching characteristics of the device. Later, the impact of the position and length of the P_shield on the breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on-resistance (R
on_sp) was studied. The influence of the position and length of the SG on gate charge (Q
gd) and BV was also investigated. Through TCAD simulations, the parameters of P_shield and SG were optimized. Compared to conventional GaN TG-MOSFET with the same structural parameters, the gate charge was reduced by 88%. In addition, this paper also discusses the principle of adaptive voltage withstand in PSGT-MOSFET.
Performance degradation due to thermal cycling in soldered Faraday and SuperPower HTS tape stacks
Authors: Mouratidis Theodore , Whyte Dennis G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Soldering stacks of high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes results in a current carrying matrix with high electrical, thermal, and mechanical stability. In some applications, these tape stacks may be exposed to elevated temperatures during thermal heat cycles. Previous research on thermal degradation of high temperature superconductors has been performed with isolated crystals or individual HTS tapes, showing that oxygen-out diffusion from the rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) results in a reduction of the superconducting performance. In this work, the performance of

Pb

37

Sn

63

soldered HTS tape stacks with thermal cycling to

170

∘

C is quantified through determination of the critical current Ic
, the n-value, the linear resistance R in the pre-transition region of the tape stack current–voltage (I–V) traces, and the diffusion coefficient D associated with oxygen-out diffusion. The effect of tape manufacturer and nickel electroplating were considered; three soldered stacks each of unplated Faraday, nickel electroplated Faraday, unplated SuperPower, and nickel electroplated SuperPower tapes were fabricated. Across 20–30 one hour thermal cycles, there are no significant differences in degradation profiles observed between the unplated and nickel electroplated tape stacks for a given manufacturer. There is however a marked difference in degradation profiles observed between the SuperPower and Faraday tape stacks. For the unplated and plated SuperPower tape stacks, the degradation in Ic
generally follows the model to describe oxygen-out diffusion from the superconducting REBCO layer. Significantly less degradation is observed in the unplated and plated Faraday tape stacks, and in some sections Ic
even increases slightly across cycles. Further, cases of increasing Ic
accompanied with decreasing n are observed, a decoupling between the two parameters. Across all samples, the linear resistance was highest in current-redistribution regions near the leads. Consistent with the model of oxygen-out diffusion and the formation of an increasingly wide oxygen deficient layer in the REBCO, the linear resistance increased with cycle number.
Cavity magnomechanics: from classical to quantum
Authors: Zuo Xuan , Fan Zhi-Yuan , Qian Hang , Ding Ming-Song , Tan Huatang , Xiong Hao , Li Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hybrid quantum systems based on magnons in magnetic materials have made significant progress in the past decade. They are built based on the couplings of magnons with microwave photons, optical photons, vibration phonons, and superconducting qubits. In particular, the interactions among magnons, microwave cavity photons, and vibration phonons form the system of cavity magnomechanics (CMM), which lies in the interdisciplinary field of cavity QED, magnonics, quantum optics, and quantum information. Here, we review the experimental and theoretical progress of this emerging field. We first introduce the underlying theories of the magnomechanical coupling, and then some representative classical phenomena that have been experimentally observed, including magnomechanically induced transparency, magnomechanical dynamical backaction, magnon-phonon cross-Kerr nonlinearity, etc. We also discuss a number of theoretical proposals, which show the potential of the CMM system for preparing different kinds of quantum states of magnons, phonons, and photons, and hybrid systems combining magnomechanics and optomechanics and relevant quantum protocols based on them. Finally, we summarize this review and provide an outlook for the future research directions in this field.
Theoretical prediction (DFT) and experimental observation of electronic and electro-optical properties of HATn (n = 5,6,7,8) molecules for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Mishra Mirtunjai , Pal Bhavna , Shah Asmita , Singh Dharmendra Pratap , Singh Devendra , Kumar Devesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The formation of triphenylene core-based discotic mesogens exhibiting a classical columnar phase led to several superior electronic and optoelectronic applications. The present work reports the theoretical investigation of discotic hexaalkoxytriphenylene (HATn; n = 5, 6, 7, 8) mesogens including electro-optical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties using density functional theory (DFT) as a computational quantum mechanical tool. The various physical and chemical properties of these mesogens, such as electronegativity, specific heat capacity, polarizability, absorption, and dipole moment are calculated computationally and discussed in the study. The simulation study reveals the variation in physical properties either follows the odd–even effect or changes monotonically for HATn series. Experiment has been performed for comparison with the theoretical results. The physical and chemical properties of these discotic mesogens change with alkyl chain length variation and explain the structure–property correlation in the molecules. The obtained results of the designed molecular structure held promising applications for optoelectronic devices based on discotic mesogens.
The effect of time and heat exposure on the wettability and glossiness of CAA and FPL coatings for aluminum substrates
Authors: Nasresfahani Mohamad Reza , Asghari Saeed , Mirahmadi Seyed Javid , Gorabi Hadi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The use of anodized coatings as a substrate for adhesive bonding of aluminum is widespread and generally accepted. However, with time and exposure to heat, the coating’s behavior changes and its wettability decrease. We examine the coating’s wettability by measuring the contact angle. Aluminum sheets are coated with two types of anodizing and FPL coatings for this study. The results indicate that the wettability of all coatings remains stable for 16 h post application. However, there is a significant decrease in wettability over extended time periods, with the anodized coating exhibiting more pronounced changes after 30 days compared to the FPL coating. Also, in both types of coatings, as the heating temperature increases, the wettability decreases and the contact angle increases. The changes in the anodized coatings are more pronounced than in FPL coatings. Measuring the glossiness of the coating before and after heating shows that the gloss and the surface roughness of the coating remain unchanged.
Improved energy storage properties through multilayer stacking of relaxor ferroelectric and antiferroelectric thin films
Authors: Balaraman Anina Anju , A Antony Jeyaseelan , Dutta Soma 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multilayers of relaxor ferroelectric (Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3) and antiferroelectric (Pb0.96La0.04Zr0.98Ti0.02O3) thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method. The properties of the independent relaxor ferroelectric (RFE denoted as R) and antiferroelectric (AFE denoted as A) thin films were compared with their various stack configurations made by alternatively coating the R and A layers in the patterns of R/A, R/A/R, R/A/R/A/R/A, A/R, A/R/A, and A/R/A/R/A/R. The crystallographic studies confirmed the coexistence of both RFE and AFE phases in the multilayer stacks which was further verified by electrical characterizations. The multilayer stack showed improved power density (PD), energy efficiency (η), and reduced dielectric loss compared to individual R and A films. Among all the multilayer configurations, the stack with A/R/A/R/A/R layer exhibited significant improvement in energy efficiency (94%) which is higher than the reported results so far on multilayer structures.
Control of a quadrotor on a mobile device using machine learning-based monocular gaze tracking
Authors: Hu Jiahui , Lu Yonghua , Xu Jiajun , Zhou Lihua , Feng Qiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A machine learning-based monocular gaze tracking method for mobile devices is proposed. A non-invasive, convenient, and low-cost gaze tracking framework is developed using our constructed convolutional neural network. This framework is applied to the 3D motion control of quadrotors, which can convert the operator’s gaze attention into control intention for the quadrotor, thus allowing the operator to control the quadrotor to complete flight tasks through visual interaction. Extensive challenging indoor and outdoor real-world experiments and benchmark comparisons validate that the proposed system is robust and effective, even for unskilled operators. The proposed method can improve the smoothness and reasonableness of the motion trajectory of the quadrotor, make it more consistent with the operator’s control intention, and introduce diversity, convenience, and intuition into the control of the quadrotor. We released the source code3

3

https://github.com/hujavahui/Gaze_MAV

of our system to benefit related research.
A low-profile coding metasurface for broadband radar cross section reduction via beam diffusion and absorption
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Yang Helin , Jin Jing , Guo Linyan , Li Yujun , Cheng Houyuan , Fu Yang , Dai Yilin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A low-profile coding metasurface based on beam diffusion and absorption is proposed, which can be applied for broadband Radar Cross section (RCS) reduction. Through inserting resistors into the polarization conversion element, the proposed unit cell can convert a portion of the electromagnetic wave to ohmic loss as well as retain polarization conversion. Subsequently, the power loss and surface current were used to explain the mechanism of absorption and polarization conversion, and the arrangement of the elements was optimized using a simulated annealing algorithm. Furthermore, both the simulated and measured results have shown that the RCS reduction is greater than 10 dB at 6.7–19.3 GHz (the relative bandwidth is 96.9%), and the metasurface still maintains great characteristics at 45° incidence. Thanks to the proposed metasurface offer advantages such as fewer resistors, a wider bandwidth for RCS reduction, an ultra-thin profile (0.066

λ

L

,

where

λ

L

represents the longest wavelength), a stable incident angle, and a more uniform scattering of energy, it can be used in electromagnetic stealth for large targets.
A discrete probabilistic model yielding multidimensional q − Gaussians in the thermodynamic limit for specific parameter values
Authors: Rodríguez A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We show that the N → ∞ limiting probability distributions (with N being the number of random variables to be summed) of a particular case belonging to a family of d − dimensional scale-invariant probabilistic models based on Leibniz-like (d + 1) − dimensional hyperpyramids (introduced in Rodríguez and Tsallis, J. Math. Phys 2012) are given, after an appropriate change o variables, by d − dimensional q − Gaussian distributions (

f

q
,
β

(
x
)
∝

e

q

−
β

x

T

Σ

−
1

x

, with x taking values in a subset of

R

d

, q and β real parameters, Σ a positive definite matrix, and

e

q

x

=
[
1
+
1
(
1
−
q
)
x

]

+

1

1
−
q

, with

[
u
]

+

=
max
{
u
,
0
}

), for the particular parameter values q = 3 and β < 0. Some features of these distributions, which arise in the context of Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics, as well as a connection between Dirichlet distributions and q − Gaussian distributions, which generalizes the one given for dimension 1 by Rodríguez et al, are also exposed.
Some more variety of analytical solutions to (2+1)-Bogoyavlensky-Konopelchenko equation
Authors: Kumar Raj , Pandey Kripa Shankar , Yadav Shiv Kumar , Kumar Avneesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The goal of this study is to get analytical solutions to the Bogoyavlensky-Konopelchenko equation, which describes an interaction of a long-wavelength wave moving along the x-axis and a Riemann wave-form moving along the y-axis. The equation has been widely used in soliton theory, fluid dynamics, optics, biological systems, and differential geometry. It is a member of the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur hierarchy of integrable systems. By exploiting the classical Lie symmetry approach, the equation is reduced to an ordinary differential equation. After solving the second similarity reduction, the authors derived a novel class of solutions for each case. Additionally, the derived solutions comprise some parameters, and various functions might be utilized to explore wave profiles like stationary, dark, and bright soliton, parabolic dark and bright soliton, and progressive nature. Solutions are compared with previous researches [18–25] to show novelty of results. Solutions can help with numerous applications in physics, such as fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics.
Using a coupled optical and electrical monitoring method to follow the R-HiPIMS TiO2 deposition process drifts
Authors: Boivin D , Jean-Marie-Désirée R , Najah A , Cuynet S , de Poucques L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, coupled optical and electrical discharge measurements have been implemented to investigate the plasma state of a reactive HiPIMS TiO2 deposition process running at a fixed duty cycle of 2% and at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Investigations focus on both the effect of the erosion target and substrate-holder temperature in an Ar/O2 gas mixture at fixed working pressure. First, as the racetrack shape evolves with the use of the target, the deposition rate is modified, in the same way as the emission intensity measured. Second, with the heater set at 400 °C in pure Ar, the coating appears thinner, and the optical emission spectroscopy measurement reveals the presence of oxygen atoms. Thus, the results from the coupled optical and electrical measurements are sensitive enough to track potential drift of the process.
Artificial intelligence and feature based transfer learning framework for diagnosis of chest diseases using radiology images
Authors: Al-Otaibi Shaha , Rehman Amjad , Mujahid Muhammad , Alotaibi Sarah , Saba Tanzila 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The subject of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis and design in the medical industry is very exciting due to considerable developments in medical imaging. In real-world applications, previous manual feature extraction strategies were inefficient in achieving the required results. The number of medical image databases is quickly increasing to accommodate hospital-based diseases as a result of the numerous uses of medical images in healthcare facilities, pathology, and medical diagnostic fields. The primary objective of this study is to create a computerized Artificial intelligence system that can accurately diagnose different diseases and reduce mistakes in the testing process. The study has two primary aspects. In the initial phase, we utilized the deep transfer learning method to extract the pertinent and crucial features from the image x-ray. Subsequently, the support vector machine employs these crucial extracted features to diagnose diseases from the x-ray14 dataset. The imbalanced dataset problem was also addressed with the utilization of the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). The authors conduct a comparative analysis of the findings from this study in relation to other cutting-edge studies and employ cross-dataset experiments to evaluate its efficacy. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach has a detection accuracy of 95.2% for the disease. The VGG-16 model achieved 78.4% accuracy and an AUC of 90%. The proposed model can be applied to other diseases for further experiments.