bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Candida albicans Versus Non-albicans Candidemia in Nonneutropenic Patients
Authors: Davis Susan L , Vazquez Jose A , Mckinnon Peggy S 
Published: March 2007

Background: Candidemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of and risk factors for non-albicans candidemia (NAC) in nonneutropenic adults and the impact of NAC on patient outcomes and treatment cost. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis comparing demographics and risk factors for Candida albicans candidemia (CAC) versus NAC in 144 nonneutropenic patients with candidemia over a 6 year period (1997–2002) at Detroit Receiving Hospital. Results: Candida species distribution included albicans (50%), parapsilosis (13%), tropicalis (10%), and glabrata (13%). Predominant species varied by patient care unit, with C. glabrata more common in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) and C. parapsilosis in the burn ICU. In multivariate analysis, NAC was associated with the absence of antibiotic use at the onset of candidemia, recent history of solid tumor, and male sex, NAC was not associated with an increase in mortality or length of stay compared with CAC, but was found to have a higher cost of antifungal therapy ($2030 vs $780; p = 0.05). Conclusions: The epidemiology of candidemia is complex and varies among the different patient care units. Specifically, patients appear less likely to develop NAC if they are receiving antibiotics at the onset of candidemia. Increased awareness of risk factors for NAC can be used to guide adequate initial antifungal therapy.
The Safety of Metformin in Heart Failure
Authors: Roberts Felicia , Ryan Gina J 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To examine the evidence regarding the safety of metformin in heart failure. Data Sources: Searches in MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were performed (1966–February 2007). Search terms included metformin, heart failure, lactic acidosis, clinical trials, and insulin resistance. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Published studies and case reports that evaluated the causal link between metformin and lactic acidosis in patients with heart failure were selected for review. Data Synthesis: There were no case reports of patients who had metformin-associated lactic acidosis when heart failure was the only contraindication, Two large retrospective studies showed that metformin does not increase the risk of lactic acidosis in patients with heart failure. However, these retrospective analyses did not account for many important confounding variables. A reduction in mortality rates in metformin users with New York Heart Association Class III and IV heart failure was observed in one small (N = 94) prospective trial. Conclusions: Results from 3 trials suggest that metformin may be safe to use in heart failure. Large prospective trials are needed to provide conclusive evidence regarding metformin's safety. Until then, use of metformin in heart failure patients should not be recommended routinely. If it is used in patients with heart failure, they should be monitored closely for signs of lactic acidosis.
“constant sources of experience and tension” — Bartók's influence on transylvanian composers
Authors: Németh G. István 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The paper examines how members of the “Cluj/Kolozsvár School” of composition, the disciples of Sigismund Toduţă, Gábor Jodál, Max Eisikovits and János Jagamas dealt with the influence of Bartók. One can find traces of Bartókian influence in the work of Transylvanian composers beginning from the 1950s, a series of hommage-compositions being written on the occasion of Bartók-anniversaries in 1965, 1970 and especially 1981. The last piece mentioned was composed in 1998. The paper focuses on the cases of five individual composers: Cornel Ţăranu, Ede Terényi, Péter Vermesy, György Orbán and Boldizsár Csíky. In addition to the analysis of certain compositions à la Bartók written by them, their declarations as well as the role of Ernő Lendvai's theories are taken into consideration. A distinction is made among (1) the arrangements of folk music melodies collected by Bartók, (2) the hommage-pieces containing quotations from Bartók's art music, and finally, (3) those longer or shorter periods in a composer's career in which Bartók's influence can be detected in a whole series of compositions.
A lament from Bartók's anatolian collection and its musical background
Authors: Sipos János 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Bartók collected folk music in Turkey in 1936, and his Turkish collection was published in 1976 almost simultaneously in Hungary and America, and in 1991 in Turkey. How Bartók's conclusions stand the test in the light of an examination on a larger Turkish material? I investigated this question in four of my books, and the detailed analysis points way beyond the scope of the present paper. This time I deal with a single melody, the No. 51 lament of Bartók's collection and with its larger Anatolian, Hungarian and other musical background. Can this melody be an important link between Hungarian and Anatolian folk music layers? If so, why did Bartók not realize this? Does Bartók's incredibly detailed way of transcription has practical benefits in the ethnomusicological research? Is the unique intonation of certain tones in some Anatolian and Hungarian laments accidental or do these tones show a consistent system? Can we find the musical form represented by this Turkish lament in the folk music of Turkic and other people; is yes, what kind of conclusion can be drown? Trying to find an answer to some of these questions I use the melodies and the results of my Turkish, Azeri, Karachay-Balkar, Kazakh, Mongolian and Kyrgyz researches of more then 7000 songs.
Bartók's influence on Chinese new music in the post-cultural revolution era
Authors: Wong Hoi-Yan 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In the wake of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and with China's new “Open Door” policy towards Western culture and Western new music, we have witnessed the exuberant growth of a new generation of Chinese composers. Tan Dun, Chen Yi and Bright Sheng have expressed in various ways their indebtedness to the heritage of Béla Bartók's music. Chen Yi, a fellow student of Tan Dun during her time at Central Conservatory of Music and Columbia University, recalled studying all of Bartók's six string quartets in the composition classes. Bright Sheng also openly admits that his use of the “primitiveness and savageness” of folk elements is directly modelled on the music of Bartók. The dissemination of Bartók's music in China is signified by the extent to which the journals published by China's top two music conservatories — the Central Conservatory of Music and the Shanghai Conservatory of Music — focus on discussion of this repertoire. Frank Kouwenhoven's studies of contemporary Chinese composers also point out that Bartók's influence overshadows most other major composers from the West. In this paper the reception of Bartók's music by Chinese composers in the post-Cultural Revolution era will be explored with reference to the musical as well as socio-cultural factors that fostered the influence.
Gradus ad Parnassum: Selected early songs of gabriel Fauré in the socio-cultural context of his time
Authors: Roman Zoltan 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Faué's mélodies have received too little attention. Here four early songs are subjected to musico-poetic and stylistic-technical analysis. To understand fully the young musician's achievement, the songs are viewed in their socio-cultural milieu. His earliest works date from the end of the Second Empire and the Franco-Prussian War; his first maturity coincided with the beginnings of la Belle Époque. Of modest origins, Fauré succeeded in earning the patronage of leading social and artistic figures of the time, including the venerable Franz Liszt, and the celebrated singer, composer and mistress of her own salon, Pauline Viardot. One mélodie each by these established composers is analyzed in comparison with the two musico-poetically similar pieces by the young Frenchman. These juxtapositions show clearly that Fauré followed his own path from the outset, in a direction that was altogether forward-oriented, even where it was built of stones borrowed from the past.
Fragmente nach Dante, Lamenti nach Tasso: Beiträge zur Genese des italienischen Jahrganges der Années de pèlerinage
Authors: Bozó Péter 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Die Studie ist ein Versuch auf dem Gebiet der musikalischen Quellenforschung; zwei Facetten der Genese von Liszts Klavierzyklus Années de pèlerinage werden darin behandelt. Zuerst werden vier handschriftliche Quellen der Dante-Sonate dargestellt, die bisher in die Untersuchungen zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Stückes nicht einbezogen bzw. falsch interpretiert wurden. Anhand dieser Quellen werden einige wichtige Unterschiede zwischen der Frühfassung bzw. der Fassung letzter Hand von Après un lecture du Dante nachgewiesen. Dann wird eine neue Lesart des Planes für den Italien-Band vom sogenannten Ce qu'on entend-Skizzenbuch geboten. Aufgrund dieses Planes wird die bisher unbekannte Beziehung der Genese der symphonischen Dichtung Tasso und des Klavierzyklus Années de pèlerinage dargestellt.
“Pure music”? Dohnányi's Passacaglia for Solo Flute
Authors: Kusz Veronika 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
After his emigration from Hungary and a longer stay in Austria and Argentina, Dohnányi settled down in Tallahassee (USA) in 1949 and lived there until his death in 1960. Besides his professorship at the Florida State University (FSU) and his continuous concert-tours in the whole country, he was also very active as a composer in this decade. The ultimate composition of this period and his life is the Passacaglia for Solo Flute (op. 48. no. 2) which is a quite unusual piece of the composer, not only because of the choice of instrument, unprecedented in the œuvre, and its theme, partly dodecaphonic, but because of its significant source-material to be found in the Kilényi-Dohnányi Collection of the FSU. This paper attempts to study this last, odd piece of Dohnányi exhaustively through the investigation of its musical and non-musical sources in parallel with its analysis.
Form created by performance: Bartók's recording of his Improvisations op. 20
Authors: Atar Ron 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Bartók's “Continental” 1942 recording of Improvisations op. 20 provides us with invaluable insights into his aesthetics and nature. This is a special case study in which Bartók redesign the composition through his performance. In this rendition the simple structure of most of the eight pieces that construct the composition (alternations between arrangements of the Hungarian peasant songs and transitions section in between them), turn into temperamental micro-drama of associations, flowing without any hesitations from Bartók's mind to his fingers. The folk song arrangements are played in various performing styles, related directly to the written texture, while the transition sections played in more personal style. Here, in these transitional sections, Bartók the romantic, emotional pianist is revealed. These transitions are used by him as improvisatory pauses, used mainly for musical reflections dealing with his performance style of the preceded folk song arrangement or the one that follows. The current article introduces and examines some of the insights evoked by Bartók's recording of this composition.
Béla Bartók et Maurice Ravel: Question d'une influence Bartók a-t-il été inspiré par Daphnis et Chloé de Ravel dans son ballet le Prince de bois?
Authors: De Surmont Noël 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Maurice Ravel uses a lot of musical elements in his ballet Daphnis et Chloé that appear in Bartók's Ballet The Wooden Prince. So are the instrumentation and especially the orchestration (particularly at the beginning of these two works: the wake-up of the nature that is almost the same, and the “grotesque” moments). The themes of the different episodes that build the ballet seem to be the same in their conception, and we can add that the main themes (love in Daphnis and the prince in The Wooden Prince) are twin. Their roots are the same, so the idea that Ravel influenced Bartók looks likely. Even if there is no real proof, like e.g. a letter by Bartók about Daphnis et Chloé. A comparison of the two works seems to suggest that Ravel's work really had an influence on Bartók's Wooden Prince.
A Comparison of Two Different IMPSAT Models in Compositional Simulation
Authors: Haukas Jarle , Aavatsmark Ivar , Espedal Magne , Reiso Edel 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A new IMPSAT model, with explicit solution of variables that are isochoric (i.e., complementary to volumes), is compared to the conventional IMPSAT model, which determines phase mole fractions explicitly. The compared properties are performance of the nonlinear iteration and numerical stability.
The use of complementary variables in the new IMPSAT model makes the nonlinear system better conditioned. Consequently, fewer nonlinear iteration steps are required. The resulting speedup more than compensates for the added costs of introducing and using the isochoric variables.
The stability criterion associated with the new IMPSAT model is in many cases significantly less conservative than the conventional criterion. However, for cases in which there is little or no saturation change between the hydrocarbon phases (e.g., for retrograde gas condensate cases or single hydrocarbon phase cases), the difference between the criteria is insignificant.
The timestep sizes for which instabilities occur are practically the same for the two models, and no oscillations have been observed unless both the new and the conventional criterion are violated. Consequently, the stability properties are similar, and the new criterion seems to apply to both models.
Our conclusions are supported by numerical results.

Introduction
An isothermal compositional model of Nc components involves the solution of Nc flow equations per gridblock (e.g., the mass balance equations):
(Eq. 1)
where ?ni is the change in the amount of component i during timestep ?t, while fi and qi are the component interblock flow and source rates. In addition, phase equilibrium between the oil and gas phases (e.g., equalities of fugacities),
(Eq. 2)
must be taken into account.
Because of the large number of equations and the complex thermodynamics, it is too demanding to determine all variables implicitly (i.e., simultaneously in all gridblocks). Instead, we use a partially explicit approach, where some variables are determined implicitly, while others are determined explicitly, gridblock by gridblock. The explicit solution relies on explicit treatment of variables (i.e., evaluating parts of the interblock flow with variables from the previous time level).
Approximate Analytical Solutions for the Pressure Response at a Water-Injection Well
Authors: Boughrara Amina A. , Peres Alvaro M. M. , Chen Shi , Machado Augusto A. V. , Reynolds Albert C. 
Published: March 2007

Summary
In this paper, we construct approximate analytical solutions for the injection wellbore pressure at vertical and horizontal water injection wells using the Thompson-Reynolds steady-state theory. The solutions are based on adding to the single-phase solution, a two-phase term which represents the existence of the two-phase zone and the movement of the water front. We first present the solutions for an isotropic reservoir and then show that we can obtain the solution to an anisotropic problem by introducing a coordinate transformation to convert an anisotropic system to an equivalent isotropic system.
The analytical solutions provide insight into the behavior of injectivity tests at horizontal and vertical wells. For example, for a restricted-entry case, it is shown that the pressure derivative may be negative throughout an injection test even when the duration of the test exceeds ten or more days. We also show that for a well near a fault, the ratio of slopes reflected by derivative data will not in general be equal to two.
Bottomhole Pressure Control During Drilling Operations in Gas-Dominant Wells
Authors: Nygaard Gerhard H. , Vefring Erlend H. , Fjelde Kjell Kåre , Nævdal Geir , Lorentzen Rolf Johan , Mylvaganam Saba 
Published: March 2007

Summary
To obtain an underbalanced pressure condition, nitrogen gas can be injected into the drillstring. Simultaneous injection of liquids and gases leads to a highly dynamic flow system. During pipe connections, pressure transients can cause the bottomhole pressure to rise above the pore pressure of the reservoir or fall below the reservoir collapse pressure. Migration of gas during pipe connection and inflow from the reservoir will also cause bottomhole pressure changes.
This paper presents a methodology for controlling the bottomhole pressure during drilling operations in gas-dominant wells. The methodology incorporates a dynamic model of the well fluid flow and the well-reservoir interaction. Available control actions during the drilling process are the gas injection rate prior to the pipe connection and choke valve settings during the pipe connection. Measurement of the pump rates, pump pressures, choke pressure and the bottomhole pressure are also available to support the control actions. However, during pipe connections and in the event of transient signal failures, the bottomhole pressure measurements will be suppressed.
The control methodology used is based on a nonlinear model predictive control system, which predicts the near-future behavior of the well, and uses these predictions to obtain the optimal choke settings. The model parameters are calibrated using measurements from the well to ensure that the model is suitable for the predictions.
A field-based case with gas injection has been examined using this control methodology. The results indicate that model based control can be utilized in developing an automated and integrated pump rate and choke-control system for underbalanced drilling operations.
Multirate-Transfer Dual-Porosity Modeling of Gravity Drainage and Imbibition
Authors: Di Donato Ginevra , Lu Huiyun , Tavassoli Zohreh , Blunt Martin J. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryWe develop a physically motivated approach to modeling displacement processes in fractured reservoirs. To find matrix/ fracture transfer functions in a dual-porosity model, we use analytical expressions for the average recovery as a function of time for gas gravity drainage and countercurrent imbibition. For capillary-controlled displacement, the recovery tends to its ultimate value with an approximately exponential decay (Barenblatt et al. 1990). When gravity dominates, the approach to ultimate recovery is slower and varies as a power law with time (Hagoort 1980). We apply transfer functions based on these expressions for core-scale recovery in field-scale simulation.To account for heterogeneity in wettability, matrix permeability, and fracture geometry within a single gridblock, we propose a multirate model (Ponting 2004). We allow the matrix to be composed of a series of separate domains in communication with different fracture sets with different rate constants in the transfer function.We use this methodology to simulate recovery in a Chinese oil field to assess the efficiency of different injection processes. We use a streamline-based formulation that elegantly allows the transfer between fracture and matrix to be accommodated as source terms in the 1D transport equations along streamlines that capture the flow in the fractures (Di Donato et al. 2003; Di Donato and Blunt 2004; Huang et al. 2004).This approach contrasts with the current Darcy-like formulation for fracture/matrix transfer based on a shape factor (Gilman and Kazemi 1983) that may not give the correct average behavior (Di Donato et al. 2003; Di Donato and Blunt 2004; Huang et al. 2004). Furthermore, we show that recovery is exceptionally sensitive to parameters that describe the physics of the displacement process, highlighting the need to make careful core-scale measurements of recovery.
Gas-Condensate Flow in Perforated Regions
Authors: Jamiolahmady Mahmoud , Danesh Ali , Sohrabi Mehran , Ataei Rahim 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The most crucial region with regard to affecting well productivity is the perforated region. Considerable effort has been directed to study this subject mathematically by many investigators, but they have been mainly focused on single-phase flow, while two-phase flow has received less attention.
It has been demonstrated, first by Danesh et al. (1994) and subsequently by other researchers (Henderson et al. 1995; Blom et al. 1997; Ali et al. 1997), that the gas and condensate relative permeability (kr) can increase significantly by increasing the flow rate, contrary to the common understanding. This effect, known as positive coupling, complicates the flow of gas and condensate near the wellbore even further when it competes with the inertial forces at higher velocities typical of those around perforation tips.
The flow of gas and condensate in the perforated region was studied in this work using a finite-element modeling approach. The model allows for changes in fluid properties and accounts for the positive coupling and negative inertial effects using a fractional-flow-based relative-permeability correlation. A sensitivity analysis on the impact of perforation characteristics such as density, phasing, length, and radius as well as that of fluid properties, rock characteristics, wellbore radius, fractional flow, and rate on well productivity was conducted, resulting in some valuable practical guidelines for optimum perforation design.

Introduction
The effect of perforation characteristics on the well flow efficiency has been studied by many investigators. Muskat presented the first analytical treatment of the problem (1943). In his analysis, perforations were represented by mathematical sinks distributed spirally around the wellbore but did not extend into the formation. Other early investigators used the finite-difference modeling technique to examine the productivity aspects of perforated completions (Harris 1966; Hong 1975). However, because of the limitations of the finite-difference method, these studies considered mostly unrealistic perforation geometries to avoid mathematical complexities. Later investigators applied the finite-element method, which models the geometry of the perforation with greater precision (Locke 1981; Tariq 1987).
Tariq (1987) presented results of finite-element modeling of single-phase steady-state flow in perforated completions with and without the non-Darcy (inertial) effect for a linear core and a full 3D system. Although his results for single-phase flow are widely used, there are reports on lack of required accuracy at large perforation lengths and in the non-Darcy cases (Behie and Settari 1993; Jamiolahmady et al. 2006a).