bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hip Circumference and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Men and Women
Authors: Heitmann Berit L. , Frederiksen Peder , Lissner Lauren 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: It has recently been demonstrated that, in middle‐aged women, a wide hip circumference is a protective factor for a number of health endpoints in later years. The effect seems to be independent of both overweight and waist circumference. This paper aims to replicate this finding in another population‐based sample consisting of women and men.Research Methods and Procedures: This was a prospective observational study consisting of a random subset of adult Danes. A total of 2987 subjects born in 1922, 1932, 1942, or 1952 and 35, 45, 55, or 65 years of age (at examination in 1987 to 1988) participated in the Danish MONICA (MONItoring trends and determinants of CArdiovascular disease) project, with measurements of height, weight, and hip and waist circumference taken. Through personal identification numbers, incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) until the end of 1998 and all causes of death until 2001 were retrieved from the National Registers of Hospital Discharge. There was an average of 10 years of follow‐up for incidence of CVD and CHD and 13 years of follow‐up for total mortality.Results: Large hip circumference, relative to body size and waist circumference, predicted less incidence of CVD, CHD, and total death in women. This was not the case in men; BMI and waist circumference were the strongest independent predictors.Discussion: A large hip circumference seems to have independent and positive effects on CVD and CHD morbidity and mortality in women, but no protective effect on cardiovascular health in men. However, a borderline significant protective effect on total mortality was observed.
BMI Is the Main Determinant of the Circulating Leptin in Women after Vertical Banded Gastroplasty
Authors: Zabrocka Liolia , Raczynska Sylwia , Goyke Elzbieta , Sledzinski Zbigniew , Swierczynski Julian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess the main determinant of serum leptin concentration changes in morbidly obese patients treated by banded vertical gastroplasty.Research Methods and Procedures: Serum leptin and insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, BMI, body weight, and body fat mass in 18 obese women and 8 obese men treated by vertical banded gastroplasty were studied. Lean women and men subjects were used as controls.Results: Before surgery, serum leptin and insulin concentrations and insulin resistance index were significantly higher in morbidly obese patients than in control subjects. BMI, body fat mass, and serum triacylglycerol concentrations were also significantly higher in obese than in lean subjects. All of these parameters gradually decreased during 50 weeks after surgery. Univariate regression analysis displayed significant correlations between the following: serum leptin concentration and BMI (and body fat mass), serum leptin concentration and serum insulin concentration, and serum leptin concentration and insulin resistance index. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that only BMI was independently correlated with the decrease in serum leptin concentration.Discussion: Obtained data suggest the following: 1) vertical banded gastroplasty causes reduction of body weight, serum leptin and insulin concentration, insulin resistance, and serum triacylglycerol concentration; and 2) BMI is the main determinant of the circulating leptin concentration in morbidly obese women after anti‐obesity surgery.
Fitness Alters the Associations of BMI and Waist Circumference with Total and Abdominal Fat
Authors: Janssen Ian , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Ross Robert , Leon Arthur S. , Skinner James S. , Rao D.C. , Wilmore Jack H. , Rankinen Tuomo , Bouchard Claude 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: We tested the following hypotheses in black and white men and women: 1) for a given BMI or waist circumference (WC), individuals with moderate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have lower amounts of total fat mass and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat compared with individuals with low CRF; and 2) exercise training is associated with significant reductions in total adiposity and abdominal fat independent of changes in BMI or WC.Research Methods and Procedures: The sample included 366 sedentary male (111 blacks and 255 whites) and 462 sedentary female (203 blacks and 259 whites) participants in the HERITAGE Family Study. The relationships between BMI and WC with total fat mass (determined by underwater weighing) and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat (determined by computed tomography) were compared in subjects with low (lower 50%) and moderate (upper 50%) CRF. The effects of a 20‐week aerobic exercise training program on changes in these adiposity variables were examined in 86% of the subjects.Results: Individuals with moderate CRF had lower levels of total fat mass and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat than individuals with low CRF for a given BMI or WC value. The 20‐week aerobic exercise program was associated with significant reductions in total adiposity and abdominal fat, even after controlling for reductions in BMI and WC. With few exceptions, these observations were true for both men and women and blacks and whites.Discussion: These findings suggest that a reduction in total adiposity and abdominal fat may be a means by which CRF attenuates the health risk attributable to obesity as determined by BMI and WC.
Alteration of Amine Oxidase Activity in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Subjects
Authors: Visentin Virgile , Prévot Danielle , De Saint Front Véronique Durand , Morin‐Cussac Nathalie , Thalamas Claire , Galitzky Jean , Valet Philippe , Zorzano Antonio , Carpéné Christian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To explore the activity of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidases (SSAOs) in adipose tissue and blood of lean and moderately obese subjects and to study whether there is a link between these hydrogen peroxide‐generating enzymes and blood markers of oxidative stress.Research Methods and Procedures: Nine obese male subjects (BMI 32.6 ± 0.4 kg/m2) and nine controls (BMI 23.4 ± 0.5) of 24‐ to 40‐year‐old subjects were included in the study. MAO and SSAO activities were measured on microbiopsies of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue by quantifying14C‐tyramine and14C‐benzylamine oxidation. Levels of soluble SSAO, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidant agents were measured in plasma, whereas cytoprotective enzymes were determined in blood lysates.Results: The high MAO activity found in adipose tissue was diminished by one‐half in obese subjects (maximum initial velocity of 1.2 vs. 2.3 nmol tyramine oxidized/mg protein/min). There was no change in SSAO activity, either under its adipose tissue‐bound or plasma‐soluble form. Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant vitamins remained unmodified, as well as erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, whereas circulating triglycerides, insulin, and leptin were increased.Discussion: Although they already exhibited several signs of endocrino‐metabolic disorders, the obese men did not exhibit the increase in blood markers of oxidative stress or the decrease in antioxidant defenses reported to occur in very obese or diabetic subjects. The reduced MAO and the unchanged SSAO activities found in obesity suggest that these hydrogen peroxide‐generating enzymes expressed in adipocytes are probably not involved in the onset of the oxidative stress found in severe obesity and/or in its complications.
Increased Portion Size Leads to Increased Energy Intake in a Restaurant Meal
Authors: Diliberti Nicole , Bordi Peter L. , Conklin Martha T. , Roe Liane S. , Rolls Barbara J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Eating frequently in restaurants is one of the behaviors associated with obesity. This study examined whether increasing the portion size of an entrée affected energy intake at a restaurant meal.Research Methods and Procedures: In a cafeteria‐style restaurant on different days, the size of a pasta entrée was varied from a standard portion (248 g) to a large portion (377 g). The entrée price was not changed. Intake of the entrée was determined by covertly weighing each dish before and after the meal; intake of all other foods was determined by estimating the percent consumed. The 180 adult customers who purchased the entrée also completed a survey in which they rated characteristics of the meal, including the appropriateness of the entrée portion size and the amount that they ate compared with their usual meal.Results: Portion size had a significant effect on intake of the entrée (p < 0.0001). Compared with customers who purchased the standard portion, those who purchased the larger portion increased their energy intake of the entrée by 43% (719 kJ; 172 kcal) and of the entire meal by 25% (664 kJ; 159 kcal). There was no difference between the two groups of customers in ratings of the appropriateness of the portion size or of the amount that was eaten in relation to their usual meal.Discussion: In a restaurant setting, increasing the size of an entrée results in increased energy intake. These results support the suggestion that large restaurant portions may be contributing to the obesity epidemic.
Are Unrealistic Weight Loss Goals Associated with Outcomes for Overweight Women?
Authors: Linde Jennifer A. , Jeffery Robert W. , Finch Emily A. , Ng Debbie M. , Rothman Alexander J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine cross‐sectional correlates of current, goal, and dream weight and their prospective associations with weight loss in treatment.Research Methods and Procedures: Goal and dream weights, demographic characteristics, and psychosocial factors were assessed by self‐report questionnaire in 302 adult women enrolled in a weight loss trial. Height and weight were assessed at baseline, after 8 weeks of active treatment, and at 6‐ and 18‐month follow‐up. Regression techniques examined associations among baseline, goal, and dream weights, psychosocial factors, and treatment outcomes.Results: On average, goal and dream weight losses were unrealistically high (−24% and −30%, respectively). High goals were associated with greater expected effort and greater expected reward but were not associated with psychological distress. Goal and dream weight losses were only weakly associated with behavioral or weight outcomes. An association between higher dream weight losses and greater weight loss at 18 months was the only outcome result to reach statistical significance.Discussion: Results suggest that lack of realism in weight loss goals is not important enough to justify counseling people to accept lower weight loss goals when trying to lose weight.
Calcium and Dairy Acceleration of Weight and Fat Loss during Energy Restriction in Obese Adults
Authors: Zemel Michael B. , Thompson Warren , Milstead Anita , Morris Kristin , Campbell Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Increasing 1, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D in response to low‐calcium diets stimulates adipocyte Ca2+ influx and, as a consequence, stimulates lipogenesis, suppresses lipolysis, and increases lipid accumulation, whereas increasing dietary calcium inhibits these effects and markedly accelerates fat loss in mice subjected to caloric restriction. Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing dietary calcium in the face of caloric restriction in humans.Research Methods and Procedures: We performed a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in 32 obese adults. Patients were maintained for 24 weeks on balanced deficit diets (500 kcal/d deficit) and randomized to a standard diet (400 to 500 mg of dietary calcium/d supplemented with placebo), a high‐calcium diet (standard diet supplemented with 800 mg of calcium/d), or high‐dairy diet (1200 to 1300 mg of dietary calcium/d supplemented with placebo).Results: Patients assigned to the standard diet lost 6.4 ± 2.5% of their body weight, which was increased by 26% (to 8.6 ± 1.1%) on the high‐calcium diet and 70% (to 10.9 ± 1.6% of body weight) on the high‐dairy diet (p < 0.01). Fat loss was similarly augmented by the high‐calcium and high‐dairy diets, by 38% and 64%, respectively (p < 0.01). Moreover, fat loss from the trunk region represented 19.0 ± 7.9% of total fat loss on the low‐calcium diet, and this fraction was increased to 50.1 ± 6.4% and 66.2 ± 3.0% on the high‐calcium and high‐dairy diets, respectively (p < 0.001).Discussion: Increasing dietary calcium significantly augmented weight and fat loss secondary to caloric restriction and increased the percentage of fat lost from the trunk region, whereas dairy products exerted a substantially greater effect.
Sympathetic Regulation of Glucose Uptake by the α1‐Adrenoceptor in Human Obesity
Authors: Flechtner‐Mors Marion , Jenkinson Christopher P. , Alt Andreas , Biesalski Hans K. , Adler Guido , Ditschuneit Herwig H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To investigate the involvement of α1‐adrenoceptors in the sympathetic regulation of glucose uptake in human adipocytes.Research Methods and Procedures: Twenty‐four severely obese subjects participated in this study. The microdialysis technique was used to determine interstitial glucose concentration after stimulation of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with the α1‐agonist norfenefrine, the α1, 2β‐agonist norepinephrine, and both agents in combination with the α1‐antagonist urapidil. The effect of β‐adrenoceptor stimulation was assessed by orciprenaline. Changes in local blood flow were determined using the ethanol escape technique.Results: Both norfenefrine and norepinephrine induced a concentration‐dependent decrease of interstitial glucose concentration, with a greater decrease observed with norepinephrine. Preperfusion of adipose tissue with urapidil inhibited glucose decrease. The inhibition was overcome with high concentrations of norfenefrine and norepinephrine, respectively. Both adrenergic agents induced tachyphylaxia. Urapidil enhanced extracellular glucose level at high concentration. Blood flow decreased in the presence of norfenefrine and norepinephrine but increased in response to urapidil. The accelerated blood flow due to urapidil was counteracted by norepinephrine and norfenefrine. Orciprenaline decreased interstitial glucose concentration and increased nutritive blood flow. The observed changes in blood flow induced by adrenergic agents were not related to glucose uptake.Discussion: The stimulatory effect of the sympathetic nerves on glucose uptake in subcutaneous adipose tissue appears to be mediated by the α1‐adrenoceptor. Norepinephrine enhances glucose entry into adipocytes independently of insulin action. In obese subjects with insulin resistance, the α1‐adrenergic receptor may provide an important alternative pathway for glucose uptake.
Combination of BMI and Waist Circumference for Identifying Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Whites
Authors: Zhu Shankuan , Heshka Stanley , Wang ZiMian , Shen Wei , Allison David B. , Ross Robert , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: BMI (kilograms per meters squared) and waist circumference (WC) (measured in centimeters) are each associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, a combination of the two may be more effective in identifying subjects at risk than either alone. The present study sought to identify the combination of BMI and WC that has the strongest association with CVD risk factors in whites.Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects were 8712 white men and women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The optimal combination of BMI and WC was developed using logistic regression models with BMI and WC as predictors and CVD risk factors as outcomes. The combined measure of BMI and WC using current cut‐off points was also examined. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristics curves were compared between the combined measures and BMI alone.Results: For white men, the optimal combination of BMI and WC for identifying CVD risk factors was 0.68 × BMI + 0.32 × WC. This combination generated a score that better estimated the odds of having CVD risk factors than either alone. For white women, WC alone largely determined the likelihood of having CVD risks. The combination of BMI and WC using current cut‐off points may provide an improved measure of CVD risk. Combined measures showed a higher sensitivity or a shorter distance in receiver operating characteristic curves in the identification of CVD risk factors.Discussion: Combined measures of BMI and WC may provide a higher overall test performance for CVD risk factors and may be useful in some ethnic groups as an improved means of screening subjects for further evaluation in the clinical setting.
Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Obesity between Latin‐American and Black Women
Authors: Sánchez‐Johnsen Lisa A.P. , Fitzgibbon Marian L. , Martinovich Zoran , Stolley Melinda R. , Dyer Alan R. , van Horn Linda 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To date, no studies have examined dietary intake, physical activity, and body image in a large sample of Latin‐American and black women recruited using the same methodology. The aim of this study was to examine three potential correlates of obesity (dietary intake, body image, and physical activity) in a large sample of Latin‐American and black women across the weight spectrum.Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were black (n = 271) and Latin‐American (n = 234) adult women who completed a 24‐hour dietary recall and physical activity and body image questionnaires.Results: After controlling for BMI, education, marital status, and number of children, black women consumed more kilocalories, dietary fat (grams), and percent calories from fat than Latin‐American women, who consumed more carbohydrates (grams) and dietary fiber (total and soluble). Black women engaged in more sedentary behavior than Latin‐American women. Although Latin‐American women weighed less than black women, they perceived their current body image as heavier and reported greater body image dissatisfaction than black women. Black women also reported a higher ideal body image than Latin‐American women.Discussion: The combined effect of a diet higher in calories and fat, increased sedentary behavior, and more accepting body image could account for higher rates of obesity among black women. Future studies should further explore cultural attitudes and beliefs related to weight that could provide information for the development of culturally competent obesity interventions.
Effect of Pramlintide on Weight in Overweight and Obese Insulin‐Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Hollander Priscilla , Maggs David G. , Ruggles James A. , Fineman Mark , Shen Larry , Kolterman Orville G. , Weyer Christian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Several randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trials in insulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes have shown that adjunctive therapy with pramlintide reduces hemoglobin (Hb)A1c with concomitant weight loss. This analysis further characterizes the weight‐lowering effect of pramlintide in this patient population.Research Methods and Procedures: This pooled post hoc analysis of two long‐term trials included all patients who were overweight/obese at baseline (BMI > 25 kg/m2), and who were treated with either 120 μg pramlintide BID (n = 254; HbA1c 9.2%; weight, 96.1 kg) or placebo (n = 244; HbA1c 9.4%; weight, 95.0 kg). Statistical endpoints included changes from baseline to week 26 in HbA1c, body weight, and insulin use.Results: Pramlintide treatment resulted in significant reductions from baseline to week 26, compared with placebo, in HbA1c and body weight (both, p < 0.0001), for placebo‐corrected reductions of −0.41% and −1.8 kg, respectively. Approximately three times the number of patients using pramlintide experienced a ≥5% reduction of body weight than with placebo (9% vs. 3%, p = 0.0005). Patients using pramlintide also experienced a proportionate decrease in total daily insulin use (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). The greatest placebo‐corrected reductions in weight at week 26 were observed in pramlintide‐treated patients with a BMI >40 kg/m2 and in those concomitantly treated with metformin (both, p < 0.001), for placebo‐corrected reductions of −3.2 kg and −2.5 kg, respectively.Discussion: These findings support further evaluation of the weight‐lowering potential of pramlintide in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Bivariate Linkage between Acylation‐Stimulating Protein and BMI and High‐Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Martin Lisa J. , Cianflone Katherine , Zakarian Robert , Nagrani Gauri , Almasy Laura , Rainwater David L. , Cole Shelley , Hixson James E. , MacCluer Jean W. , Blangero John , Comuzzie Anthony G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Given the importance of visceral adiposity in the metabolic syndrome, whether levels of adipokines have shared genetic effects (pleiotropy) with aspects of the metabolic syndrome should be addressed. Acylation‐stimulating protein (ASP), an adipose‐derived protein, influences lipid metabolism, obesity, and glucose use. Therefore, our objective was to examine the genetic regulation of ASP and associated pleiotropic effects.Research Methods and Procedures: We assayed serum ASP levels in 435 Mexican Americans participating in the San Antonio Family Heart Study and performed univariate and bivariate variance components analysis.Results: Additive genetic heritability of ASP was 26% (p = 0.0004). Bivariate genetic analysis detected significant genetic correlations between ASP and several lipid measures but not between ASP and adiposity or diabetes measures. We detected two potential quantitative trait loci influencing ASP levels. The strongest signal was on chromosome 17 near marker D17S1303 [log of the odds ratio (LOD) = 2.7]. The signal on chromosome 15 reached its peak near marker D15S641 (LOD = 2.1). Both signals localize in regions reported to harbor quantitative trait loci influencing obesity and lipid phenotypes in this population. Bivariate linkage analysis yielded LODs of 4.7 for ASP and BMI on chromosome 17 and 3.2 for ASP and high‐density lipoprotein2a on chromosome 15.Discussion: Given these findings, there seems to be a significant genetic contribution to variation in circulating levels of ASP and an interesting pattern of genetic correlation (i.e., pleiotropy) with other risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome.