bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world experience of direct oral anticoagulant use in a single pediatric center
Authors: Valenti Gianna G. , Sabo Cynthia , Hyde Michelle , Rajpurkar Madhvi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric venous thromboembolism has increased by 130%–200%, specifically in hospitalized children, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) offer several therapeutic advantages.MethodsThis study aims to evaluate the real‐world epidemiological and outcome data from a retrospective review of pediatric patients treated with DOACs from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. In this single‐center, IRB‐approved study, 65 patients were identified and analyzed using SPSS statistical software, and a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted.ResultsOf the 65 patients, 37% were on apixaban, 61.5% were on rivaroxaban, and 1.5% were on dabigatran. Per the 2023 ISTH outcome definitions, one (2%) patient had a major bleeding episode, six (9%) had clinically relevant non‐major bleeding, three (5%) patients had patient‐important heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), and one (1.5%) patient had minor bleeding. Seven (19%) of 37 postmenarchal patients had evidence of HMB. Six (9.2%) patients had recurrent venous thromboembolism while on a DOAC (one was on apixaban, and five were on rivaroxaban) and were transitioned to other forms of anticoagulation.ConclusionThus, bleeding rates after DOAC therapy are comparable to previous DOAC trials, as well as other anticoagulants in pediatrics. HMB is an important outcome measure and should continue to be investigated. This study reports a higher rate of recurrent thrombosis (9.2%) compared to other trials. However, this observation may be attributed to patients who had ongoing risk factors, as well as a longer duration of study follow‐up. Additional multicentered outcome studies evaluating DOAC use in children are needed to determine long‐term recurrence and HMB risks.
Relationship among Thermodynamic, Growth Kinetics, and Microstructure Characterization of the Simple and Silicon‐Modified Aluminide Coating on Ni‐based Superalloy
Authors: Dai Yanzhang , Zou Jianpeng , Ning Xiaozhi , Wei Hongming , Zhan Wenyi , Li Feiyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the effects of pack cementation parameters on the thermodynamics, growth kinetics, and microstructure of the simple and silicon‐modified aluminide coatings on the IN718 superalloy. The growth kinetic modelling of the aluminide coating, activated by NH4Cl, is established as
. further optimizing the kinetics modelling that includes both CaCl2 activator or the mixture of CaCl2 and NH4Cl. The results showed that NH4Cl as an activator generated a higher equilibrium partial pressure of halides, which enhanced the deposition efficiency of active Al atoms and facilitated the significant precipitation of Cr‐rich carbides. Additionally, part of the CaCl2 substitute NH4Cl could maintain a high coating growth rate and reduce the hazards. Adding Si element preferentially combines with Cr formed the Cr9.1Si0.9 phase along grain boundaries, which blocked the inner‐diffusion channels of Al atoms and reduced the thickness of the silicon‐modified aluminide coating compared to simple aluminide coating. These researches revealed the relationship among the thermodynamics, growth kinetics, and microstructure of simple and silicon‐modified aluminide coatings. The thickness and microstructure of coatings can be effectively regulated by adjusting the powder composition, content, and process parameters to achieve precise control.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performances by Spatially Confined Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Jie , Cai Dongxi , Li Zesheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrocatalysis is an important energy conversion and storage technology that has made significant progress in areas such as fuel cells, hydrogen production from electrolyzed water and electrochemical synthesis. In practical applications, the efficiency and stability of electrocatalytic processes remain challenging. Spatially confined (or called domain‐limited) water refers to the immobilization of water molecules in a limited region near the catalyst surface to form a specific aqueous phase environment. This domain‐limited aqueous phase environment can greatly influence the electrocatalytic efficacy by enhancing adsorption and lowering the proton transport and solvent diffusion energy barriers in the reaction. In recent years, the goal of improving electrocatalytic performance has been successfully achieved through interfacial domain‐limited, microporous domain‐limited and nanoreactor domain‐limited. Spatially domain‐limited water as a novel strategy can significantly enhance the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions, but understanding its mechanism of action remains a challenge. With a deeper understanding of domain‐limited water and further development of the technology, it is believed that it will bring greater breakthroughs and application prospects in the field of electrocatalysis.
K2CO3 Promoted Spirocyclopropanation of Thiazole‐Derived Oxadienes via 1,4‐Addition‐Induced Dearomatization Reaction
Authors: Yang Kaichuan , Jia Aiqiong , Chen Jiaxin , Tang Yiping , Liu Shen , Deng Junfeng , Zou Kun , Ren Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA K2CO3 promoted spirocyclopropanation of thiazole‐derived oxadienes with bromomalonate via 1, 4‐addition‐induced dearomatization strategy has been developed. The pathway features a broad substrate scope, operational simplicity and high degree of synthetic efficiency to afford series of functionalized spiro‐cyclopropanation frameworks in 88 %–96 % yields, which enriches the research contents of thiazole‐derived oxadienes involved reactions. All products obtained herein contain two contiguous quaternary centers and their further synthetic applications are also demonstrated.
Development of Molybdenum oxide Promoted CeO2−SiO2 Mixed‐oxide Catalyst for Efficient Catalytic Oxidation of Benzylamine to N‐Benzylidenebenzylamine
Authors: Ravula Madhu , Dosarapu Vijaykumar , Bandalla Siddaramagoud , Mavurapu Satyanarayana , Varkolu Mohan , Rajeevan Aswathi , Baithy Mallesham , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. , Sekhar Vasam Chandra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study explores a rational synthesis of a molybdenum‐promoted Ce−Si mixed oxide catalyst (MoO3/CeO2−SiO2) to regulate synergies between MoO3 and SiO2 dopant on CeO2, achieving high selectivity in solvent‐free catalytic oxidative coupling of amines to imines using molecular O2 as the oxidant. Comparative efficiency tests were conducted with bare CeO2, CeO2−SiO2, and MoO3/CeO2 catalysts. Characterization techniques, including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, N2‐adsorption‐desorption analysis, FTIR, NH3−TPD, TEM, and XPS, were employed to assess textural properties, acidic features, promoter and dopant dispersion in CeO2 lattice, and oxygen defects. Mo/Ce−Si catalyst exhibited superior acidic sites and a higher concentration of Ce3+ ions (Iu/ITotal), indicating increased oxygen vacancies. This catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance in the oxidative coupling of benzylamine, providing higher conversion and selectivity to the corresponding imine. Remarkably, the Mo/Ce−Si catalyst maintained consistent performance over five recycling runs. The catalyst also proved effective for the selective oxidative coupling of various amine substrates with diverse steric and electronic properties. Experimental results confirmed a plausible reaction mechanism within the concise catalyst design.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Boronated 4‐Arm Polyethylene Glycol for Application in Transmucosal Drug Delivery
Authors: Kolawole Oluwadamilola Miriam , Agbelusi Tolulope Mathew , Patrojanasophon Prasopchai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG) exhibits poor residence on mucosal membranes in the presence of biological fluid, and the influence of PEG boronation on its properties has never been investigated. This project aimed to synthesise boronated 4‐arm PEG and evaluate their pH stability, thermal properties and mucoadhesiveness for potential transmucosal applications. Two types of boronated 4‐armed PEG (B4PEG1 & B4PEG2) and a boronated linear PEG (BLPEG) were synthesized. The degree of boronation, mucoadhesiveness, thermal and pH stability of the polymers were assessed using 1H NMR spectroscopy, viscometry, thermogravimetric analysis and UV–visible spectroscopy, respectively. Gel Permeation Chromatography was employed to confirm PEG boronation. The respective degrees of boronation for B4PEG1 and B4PEG2 were 32.8 % and 46.2 %. The molecular architecture and degree of PEG boronation had a remarkable influence on mucoadhesiveness, pH, and thermal stability. B4PEG2, with a branched architecture and the greatest degree of boronation, exhibited superior mucoadhesiveness and colloidal stability at pH 4 to 8, relative to B4PEG1 and BLPEG. Boronation improved the thermal stability of 4‐arm PEG. This study is the first to demonstrate that PEG boronation could enhance the pH‐sensitivity, thermal stability and mucoadhesiveness of 4‐arm PEG. Boronated 4‐arm PEGs could serve as mucoadhesive polymeric excipients for transmucosal drug delivery.
Energy‐Efficient Synthesis of Haloquinazolines and Their Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Propylene Carbonate
Authors: Piros László , Krajsovszky Gábor , Bogdán Dóra , Gáti Tamás , Szabó Pál , Horváth Péter , Mándity István M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractComparative synthesis of some new quinazoline derivatives via tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) catalysed Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction in “green” propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethoxyethane. Three haloquinazolines were synthesised for Suzuki‐cross‐coupling from 5‐bromoanthranilic acid. Sufficient and easy method for the elimination of PC is developed, thus the optimization of the synthesis of some quinazoline derivatives was carried out. Reactions with 2‐chloro‐6‐bromo‐3‐phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one proceeded faster and with a higher yield in PC than in dimethoxyethane, thus for some reactants PC is a good choice for greener synthesis. Practical considerations for using PC include shorter reaction times, improved yields, and the elimination of unnecessary solvent distillation, leading to significant energy savings. This facilitates the execution of energy‐efficient reactions in a notably environmentally friendly solvent. In contrast to DME, the use of PC does not necessitate special pre‐treatments. Moreover, less PC is required due to its high boiling point and low volatility. Considering these properties, coupled with the consistent need for chromatographic purification, the use of PC in the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction emerges as a superior and greener alternative compared to DME.
Tuning Catalytic Activity of Palladium in Direct C−H Arylation of Biologically Active Xanthines using Silver Additive.
Authors: Thakur Pranali , Tinku  , Choudhary Sinjan , Patil Mahendra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe describe an efficient and versatile method for the direct C−H arylation of xanthines with aryl halides using Pd/P(o‐tolyl)3 as catalyst and Ag2O as an additive. Silver salts have been frequently used as an additive in the Pd‐catalyzed C−H bond activation reactions albeit in excessive amounts (2 to 4 eq.). Herein, we use of a stoichiometric amount (0.1 to 1 eq.) of Ag2O to obtain the optimum yields of C‐8 arylated products. This method exhibits broad substrate scope and enables synthesis of a wide range of xanthine derivatives by variation of aryl component at the C‐8 position. A key advantage of silver additive is that it reduces the catalyst loading and time required for the completion of reactions. Although kinetic experiments show that the inclusion of silver salt accelerates the rate of reaction, catalytic role of silver salt could not be conceived since the C−H bond cleavage is not a rate determining step. Silver salt presumably act as a terminal oxidant in the catalytic cycle and assist the regeneration of Pd catalyst. Moreover, preliminary assessment of biological activities of xanthines demonstrates that the C‐8 arylated xanthines derivatives efficiently inhibit the α‐Synuclein fibrillation, a key factor behind Parkinson's disease.
Physiological correlates of anxiety in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ko Katherine , Jones Alana , Francis Deanna , Robidoux Serje , McArthur Genevieve 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnxiety is one of the most prevalent problems that affects children and adolescents. The vast majority of diagnostic tools for anxiety depend on written or verbal reports from children and adolescents or their significant others. The validity and reliability of such reports can be compromised by their subjective nature. Thus, there is growing interest in whether anxiety can be indexed with objective physiological measures. The key aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine which physiological measures are most reliably associated with elevated levels of anxiety amongst children and adolescents. Online databases (e.g., PsycINFO, Embase, Medline) were searched for relevant studies according to pre‐determined criteria. Twenty‐five studies comprising 2502 participants (N = 1160 with high anxiety) met inclusion, identifying 11 groups of physiological measures. Our meta‐analysis revealed that skin conductance level is the most sensitive measure of anxiety (d = 0.83), followed by electromyography (EMG) measures (d = 0.71) and skin conductance response (d = 0.58). However, the included studies varied in terms of subjective measures, study designs, experimental task measures, and physiological measures. Consideration of these differences in methodology offer potential directions for future research.
On the fair scheduling of truck drivers in delivery companies: balancing fairness and profit
Authors: Hamdan Anwar , Hamdan Sadeque , Benbitour Mohammed Hichame , Jradi Samah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFairness is crucial in transportation systems to ensure that all drivers are treated equally and have the same opportunities. Fair payment policies, equal access to work opportunities, and fair scheduling are some of the policies delivery companies implement to ensure fairness between drivers. In this paper, we study a fair scheduling mixed-integer programming problem where we consider a bi-objective function that aims to maximize profit and improve fairness between drivers by minimizing the maximum deviation from the average driving time. To solve this problem, we employ the weighted comprehensive criterion method and propose an iterative population-based heuristic. The results show that the relative gap between the heuristic and exact approach is acceptable. We also report the fairness price which is the relative difference between total profit with and without incorporating fairness. We find out that improving fairness between drivers does not always lead to a significant reduction in total profit. When the reduction in total profit is important, we recommend formulating the scheduling problem differently where instead of minimizing the maximum deviation from the average driving time, drivers are rewarded when their driving times are longer than the average. We explore incorporating the cost of rewarding these drivers in the objective function.
Review of Applications of Vulnerability Assessments to Saltmarsh, Beach, and Mixed Shoreline Systems
Authors: Sargison Nesyah , Crisp Jake RA , Ellison Joanna C 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith increasing threats from climate change and direct human impacts to coastal systems, vulnerability assessment approaches have been developed to enable prioritisation of management actions. This study reviewed vulnerability assessment literature about saltmarsh, beach and mixed shoreline systems published in English. Literature searches and NVivo software were used to analyse literature available, indicative of patterns and gaps in research. Results showed thirteen different methods used in selected literature to assess vulnerability, and the most commonly used was the indices approach. In saltmarsh systems, most articles employed unique methods rather than repeating established ones, and spatial change methods were rare. The majority of research did not include definitions of vulnerability or an indication of which conceptualisation of vulnerability was being used. Most literature assessed vulnerability to climate change and sea level rise, rather than natural hazards or other human impacts. The mangrove vulnerability assessment literature was far more voluminous relative to applications to beach, saltmarsh or mixed such systems. This review identifies how future research can better assess gaps in knowledge, and progress more unified understanding of coastal vulnerability.
Adaptive cruise control system with fractional order ANFIS PD+I controller: optimization and validation
Authors: Gunasekaran Prabhakar , Sivasubramanian Rajaram , Periyasamy Karuppasamy , Muthusamy Suresh , Mishra Om Prava , Ramamoorthi Ponarun , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Geetha Mithra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesigning the control structures of fractional order PID controllers has proven to be effective in providing adaptability in set point tracing the performance of a nonlinear cruise control system. Wheel rolling resistance, wind drag force, and road gradient are incorporated into the design to better describe the system under consideration and to show how the nonlinear cruise control system behaves. This study presents a comparative investigation using simulation between control structures such as fractional order proportional–integral–derivative, fractional order integral minus proportional derivative, and fractional order proportional integral minus derivative. By preserving integral error indices as the goal function, a genetic algorithm is used to improve the controller gain parameters and fractional scaling values. To prevent integral windup conflicts and derivative boost issues, both traditional fractional order structures and adaptive neuro-fuzzy-based fractional order structures were used to create the adaptive cruise control system. The FO ANFIS PD plus I controller for the cruise control system exceeds the competition in servo and regulatory difficulties.
Structure and properties of wet-spun nylon/graphene nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Kinloch Ian , Vallés Cristina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDue to an increasing demand for more portable and intelligent electronic devices, strong and flexible fibers which are also electrically conductive and thermally stable are currently on demand. Herein, wet-spun nylon/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and nylon/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite fibers were fabricated in a range of filler loadings and the effect of the type of graphene employed and the presence/absence of ions absorbed into the fibers during coagulation on their structure, processing and properties was evaluated. The diameters were homogenous along the fibers and similar for identical loadings of both fillers. The increasing viscosities of the dopes with increasing filler loadings were, however, reducing progressively the processability of the systems, leading to increasingly thicker and more defective fibers. The nanocomposite fibers behaved as electrically percolated systems, with considerably lower percolation threshold found for the rGO based fibers relative to the GNPs based ones due to the higher aspect ratio of rGO relative to GNPs. The richer surface chemistry of the rGO flakes provided stronger filler–polymer interfaces, leading to a higher optimal loading and effective modulus relative to the GNPs system. Whereas the presence of ions from the coagulation bath did not affect the diameters, microstructure or electrical properties of the fibers, it was found to have an impact on their mechanical properties, thermal stability and melting and crystallization behavior. This knowledge is key to gain control on the design of nanostructured fibers with specific structure and properties that meet the requirements for particular applications in the field of multifunctional textiles.
1-DNJ Alleviates Obesity-Induced Testicular Inflammation in Mice Model by Inhibiting IKKβ/ NF-kB Pathway
Authors: Mai Wenli , Shang Yi , Wang Yibin , Chen Ying , Mu Bo , Zheng Qian , Liu Hua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObesity is associated with chronic inflammation that affects various organs in the body, including the reproductive system, which is a key factor in male infertility. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is a natural alkaloid in mulberry leaves, which has anti-inflammatory capabilities, yet, it’s effects on obesity-induced inflammation-related male infertility remain unclear. Therefore, this research investigates the underlying mechanism by which 1-DNJ may mitigate fertility impairment in male mice caused by obesity-related inflammation. Male mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity were treated with 1-DNJ or metformin for 8 weeks. Metabolic profiles were evaluated by enzyme method. Reproductive capacity was assessed by sperm viability, motility and counts, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the testicular damage caused by obesity and inflammation. The inflammation was assessed by measuring the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The activation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was examined using western blot and immunohistochemistry. HFD induced obesity in mice with obvious lipid metabolism disorder. The obese male mice had a decreased testosterone level, impaired sperm motility, and increased inflammatory factors. 1-DNJ treatment improved the testosterone level in the obese mice, ameliorated the testicular structure damage and improve sperm viability. In addition, 1-DNJ treatment inhibited IKKβ/NF-kB signaling pathway and reduced inflammation in obese mice. 1-DNJ can improve the fertility of obese men by reducing obesity as well as obesity-induced inflammation. These findings provide new insights for 1-DNJ to alleviate inflammation caused by obesity and provide future possibilities for treating male infertility.
Spatiotemporal evolution of coastal wetland resources in northern Rizhao under the influence of human activities
Authors: Li Anlong , Yuan Lin , He Dongxiao , Ji Xiangkun , Shen Gunming , Guo Xijun , Yan Zhichao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoastal wetlands are a vital resource for the sustainable development of coastal areas. This paper presents a comprehensive monitoring of coastal wetland resources and their evolution in the northern region of Rizhao using multi-period remote sensing data and field investigations. The results show that as of the 2020s, wetland resources in northern Rizhao include subtidal wetlands, artificial wetlands, and intertidal wetlands, accounting for 38.5%, 34.2%, and 26.7% of the total wetland resources, respectively. Over the past 35 years, the evolution of wetlands has been divided into two stages according to the impact of human activities. Before 2000, the wetland area expanded rapidly due to beach aquaculture development. Subsequently, after 2000, the beach wetland area experienced a decline, whereas the landscape wetland area increased. The reason for the change in the wetland area in the later stage was the artificial change in wetland type and beach erosion. By 2020, coastal erosion gradually became the main factor driving the change in wetlands. Therefore, strategies and measures aimed at promoting natural beach growth should be implemented by regulating coastal engineering activities.