bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEG reveals different contributions of somatomotor cortex and cerebellum to simple reaction time after temporally structured cues
Authors: Martin Tim , Houck Jon M. , Bish Joel Pearson , Kičić Dubravko , Woodruff C. Chad , Moses Sandra N. , Lee Dustin C. , Tesche Claudia D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMagnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to measure brain activity while participants performed a simple reaction to targets after either a random interval (uncued targets) or a series of isochronous warning stimuli with 200‐ms intervals that acted as a countdown. Targets could arrive “on time” or “early” relative to the preceding warning stimuli. Cerebellar activity before any stimulus onset predicted uncued simple reaction time. Onset of activity in somatomotor cortex relative to the target predicted reaction time after two warning stimuli when the target arrived on time or early. After three warning stimuli, when the target arrived on time and was certain to occur, prestimulus cerebellar activity and somatomotor onset were significant predictors of reaction time. When the target arrived early after three warning stimuli, prestimulus cerebellar and cingulate activity were predictive. The cerebellar results may reflect a number of possible factors, including a role in timing, response readiness, prediction and attention. Hum. Brain Mapping 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of glycine in acute alcohol hallucinosis
Authors: Aliyev Nadir A. , Aliyev Zafar N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies showed that patients with acute alcohol hallucinosis had significantly lower levels of the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter, glycine.MethodsA placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study of glycine in 40 patients with acute alcohol hallucinosis. Treatment duration was 7 days with no other psychotropic medication.ResultsThe 20 patients randomised to the active drug (700 mg glycine sublingually) demonstrated a significant decrease in severity of hallucinosis compared to the 20 patients receiving placebo.ConclusionThe positive effects of glycine may be related to an altered balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a rational design of β‐peptide structures
Authors: Beke Tamás , Somlai Csaba , Perczel András 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIntrinsic conformational characteristics of β‐peptides built up from simple achiral and chiral β‐amino acid residues (i.e., HCO‐β‐Ala‐NH2, HCO‐β‐Abu‐NH2) were studied using quantum chemical calculations and1H‐NMR spectroscopy. A conformer‐based systematic and uniform nomenclature was introduced to differentiate conformers. Geometry optimizations were performed on all homoconformers of both HCO‐(β‐Ala)k‐NH2and HCO‐(β‐Abu)k‐NH2(1 ≤k≤ 6) model systems at the RHF/3‐21G and RHF/6‐311++G(d,p) levels of theory. To test for accuracy and precision, additional computations were carried out at several levels of theory [e.g., RHF/6‐31G(d), and B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p)]. To display the folding preference, the relative stability of selected conformers as function of the length of the polypeptide chain was determined.Ab initiopopulation distribution of hexapeptides and the conformational ensemble of synthetic models composed of β‐Ala and β‐Abu studied using1H‐NMR in different solvents were compared at a range of temperatures. Helical preference induced by various steric effects of nonpolar side chains was tested using higher levelab initiomethods for well‐known model systems such as: HCO‐(β‐HVal‐β‐HAla‐β‐HLeu)2‐NH2, HCO‐(ACHC)6‐NH2, HCO‐(trans‐ACPC)6‐NH2, and HCO‐(cis‐ACPC)6‐NH2. The relative stabilities determined by theoretical methods agreed well with most experimental data, supporting the theory that the local conformational preference influenced by steric effects is a key determining factor of the global fold both in solution and in the gas phase. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 20–38, 2006
Expression of metalloproteinase‐7 (matrilysin) in human blood and bronchoalveolar Gamma/Delta T‐lymphocytes. Selective upregulation by the soluble non‐peptidic mycobacterial phosphoantigen (isopentenyl pyrophosphate)
Authors: Workalemahu Grefachew , Foerster Martin , Kroegel Claus 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHuman γδ T‐lymphocytes are believed to regulate local immune defense and enhance resistance against invading microbes, although their precise function remains unknown. Herein, we addressed the question whether γδ T‐lymphocytes mediate these processes via synthesis of MMP‐7, a protease closely associated with both epithelial repair and mucosal defense. Blood and bronchoalveolar γδ T‐lymphocytes were cultured in the absence and presence of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) or TGF‐β1/IL‐15 for 24 h, and assessed for the expression and synthesis of MMP‐1, MMP‐7, and MMP‐9. Resting human γδ T‐lymphocytes constitutively expressed MMP‐9 mRNA, a marginal or no MMP‐7 and MMP‐1 mRNA. In the presence of IPP (3 µg/ml), expression of MMP‐7 mRNA significantly increased, whereas TGF‐β1/IL‐15 had no effect. Further, quiescent γδ T‐lymphocytes obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid showed a weak or no MMP‐7 mRNA signal which was raised significantly following stimulation with IPP. In Western blot analysis, a 28‐kDa pro‐matrilysin could be detected both in cell lysates (2 days) and supernatants (5 days) with a four‐ to sevenfold increased signal following IPP‐stimulation of the γδ T‐lymphocytes. In conclusion, the data demonstrate for the first time that both human blood and BAL γδ T‐lymphocytes express MMP‐7 mRNA and synthesize MMP‐7‐protein. This unfolds a new perspective for the understanding of γδ T‐lymphocyte function. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 67–74, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2 regulates IL‐1 signaling in fibroblasts through focal adhesions
Authors: Herrera Abreu Maria Teresa , Wang Qin , Vachon Eric , Suzuki Tomoko , Chow Chung‐Wai , Wang Yingchun , Hong Ouyang , Villar Jesús , McCulloch Christopher A.G. , Downey Gregory P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInterleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) mediates destruction of matrix collagens in diverse inflammatory diseases including arthritis, periodontitis, and pulmonary fibrosis by activating fibroblasts, cells that interact with matrix proteins through integrin‐based adhesions. In vitro, IL‐1β signaling is modulated by focal adhesions, supramolecular protein complexes that are enriched with tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. We assessed the importance of tyrosine phosphatases in regulating cell–matrix interactions and IL‐1β signaling. In human gingival fibroblasts plated on fibronectin, IL‐1β enhanced the maturation of focal adhesions as defined by morphology and enrichment with paxillin and α‐actinin. IL‐1β also induced activation of ERK and recruitment of phospho‐ERK to focal complexes/adhesions. Treatment with the potent tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate, in the absence of IL‐1β, recapitulated many of these responses indicating the importance of tyrosine phosphatases. Immunoblotting of collagen bead‐associated complexes revealed that the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP‐2, was also enriched in focal complexes/adhesions. Depletion of SHP‐2 by siRNA or by homologous recombination markedly altered IL‐1β‐induced ERK activation and maturation of focal adhesions. IL‐1β‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP‐2 on residue Y542 promoted focal adhesion maturation. Association of Gab1 with SHP‐2 in focal adhesions correlated temporally with activation of ERK and was abrogated in cells expressing mutant (Y542F) SHP‐2. We conclude that IL‐1β mediated maturation of focal adhesions is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP‐2 at Y542, leading to recruitment of Gab1, a process that may influence the downstream activation of ERK. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 132–143, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of aqueous solutions containing nickel using crandallite‐type compounds
Authors: Monteagudo José M , Durán Antonio , Martín Israel San , Schwab Roland G 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe removal of nickel from aqueous solutions streams has been investigated using an artificial amorphous crandallite‐type compound, CaAl3(OH)6(HPO4)(PO4) (Ca‐crandallite), synthesized in our laboratory. Equilibrium ion‐exchange isotherms in an aqueous medium of Ca2+/Ni2+ at different pH values at 293 K have been determined. The experimental equilibrium data were satisfactorily correlated using a Langmuir‐type empirical equation. At low pH values, the hydrogen ion competes with the heavy metal cation and the percentage removal of metal declines. It was found that the operating capacity of Ca‐crandallite with respect to the metal ion increased with the pH of the solution, in accordance with a second‐degree polynomial equation. However, the pH should not be allowed to rise to levels at which chemical precipitation as nickel hydroxide would occur, with 7.00 the highest value tested. Taking into account the variation of operating capacity with pH, the system exhibited a unique separation factor, namely all the experimental points can be described by a unique isotherm in a dimensionless form. The Ca‐crandallite showed a high capacity, 2.176 meq g−1, for the exchange of Ni(II) from nickel nitrate solutions and the rate of exchange of metal increases with increasing solution temperature due to the enhancement of effective intraparticle diffusivity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of influent distribution and blood content of slaughterhouse wastewater on the performance of an anaerobic fixed‐film reactor
Authors: del Pozo Rodrigo , Diez Victorino , Salazar Gonzalo , Espinosa Juan J 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper evaluates the performance of a laboratory‐scale anaerobic fixed‐film reactor (AFFR) with arranged media treating slaughterhouse wastewater. The reactor was operated at 20 °C, its organic loading rate was increased from 1.8 to 9.2 kg COD m−3 d−1, and it had a short hydraulic residence time (5–9 h). The influence of wastewater concentrations on its performance was studied by artificially increasing the blood content of the wastewater. The efficiency of the removal of organic matter decreased from 70% to 54% as the superficial velocity increased from 0.12 to 0.97 m h−1, due mainly to distribution defects, as had been confirmed experimentally by tracer tests. The kinetics of the anaerobic processes was limited by substrate availability, even at high COD concentrations (between 700 and 1100 mg dm−3) due to a high content of slowly biodegradable and inert compounds present in the wastewater from the slaughterhouse. It was observed that a large amount of the organic matter had accumulated inside the reactor instead of being removed by methanogenic digestion. Furthermore, the fraction of organic matter held inside the reactor varied significantly in relation to the blood content of the wastewater. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Digestion of pre‐treated food waste in a hybrid anaerobic solid–liquid (HASL) system
Authors: Wang Jing‐Yuan , Liu Xue‐Yan , Kao Jimmy CM , Stabnikova Olena 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe hybrid anaerobic solid–liquid (HASL) system was developed to be used in industrial‐scale operations to minimize the amount of food waste for disposal in Singapore. Thermal pre‐treatment of food waste at 70 °C for 2 h (experiment E1) or at 150 °C for 1 h (experiment E2) facilitated the hydrolytic and acidogenic processes in the acidogenic reactor and methanogenesis in the methanogenic reactor in the HASL system. The highest dissolved chemical oxygen demands in the effluents from the acidogenic reactors were 17 575, 19 980 and 24 235 mg dm−3 in the control with food waste without thermal pre‐treatment and experiments E1 and E2, respectively. The maximum concentrations of methanogens in the methanogenic reactor were 2.3 × 107, 3.8 × 107, 4.3 × 107 cells cm−3 for the control and experiments E1 and E2, respectively. However, the performances of the methanogenic phase in terms of specific activity of methanogens did not differ significantly for the control and experiments E1 and E2. Use of thermally pre‐treated food waste halved the time to produce the same quantity of methane in comparison with anaerobic digestion of fresh food waste. The fluorescent measurements of co‐enzyme F420 and oligonucleotide probe Arc915 specifically bound (hybridized) with 16S rRNA were used for monitoring of methanogens during anaerobic digestion of food waste. There was a linear correlation between these parameters and the concentration of methanogens in the effluent from the methanogenic reactor. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Cytomorphological alterations of the thymus, spleen, head‐kidney, and liver in cardinal fish (Apogonidae, Teleostei) as bioindicators of stress
Authors: Fishelson Lev 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMorphological and cytological alterations at the light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) levels were observed in the thymus, spleen, head‐kidney, and liver of cardinal fishes (Apogonidae, Teleostei) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, sampled from a strongly polluted site at the northern end of the gulf, and compared to similar samples from a clean, reference site. At the polluted site, the most prominent change was the formation of numerous deposits of cells rich in phagosomes with lipofucin, melanin granules, and phagocytosed debris, including a high increase in number and dimensions of Hassall's corpuscles and melano‐macrophage centers. The number of Hassall's corpuscles was 20 (±8.0)/mm2 and of melano‐macrophage centers 18 (±4.0)/mm2 at the polluted site, and 7.0 (±4.0)/m2 vs. 5.0 (±2.0)/mm2 respectively at the reference site. In numerous instances the head kidney's melano‐macrophage centers in fishes from the polluted site were encapsulated by reticulocytes, a phenomenon recognized as a marker of neoplasmosis and possible malignancy. In the spleens of fishes from the polluted site, numerous deposits of cell debris, peroxisomes, and enlarged lysosomes were also observed. The livers (hepatopancreas) of fishes from polluted waters demonstrated very strong hyperlipogeny. Many of their hepatocytes were laden with lipid vesicles, fragmented endoplasmic reticulula, and aberrant mitochondria. Although the observed alterations in the glands and liver do not indicate any immediate threat to the life of the fish, they can become crucial with respect to energy turnover and fecundity trajectories. This study strongly suggests the use of cytological alterations in vital organs, such as were observed, as pathological biomarkers to environmental stress. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An evaluation of the robustness of the Tanaka characterization protocol for reversed‐phase liquid chromatography columns
Authors: Petersson Patrik , Euerby Melvin R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe robustness of the popular ‘Tanaka’ LC column characterization protocol has been evaluated by the statistical tools of reduced factorial design, multiple linear regression and principal component analysis. These have shown that in order to obtain reliable and reproducible results, it is especially important to control the methanol content, the temperature and, in the case of the total ion‐exchange capacity test (αB/P pH 7.6), the pH of the mobile phase. In particular, the hydrophobicity tests (kPB and α) are sensitive to small changes in methanol content. Provided that the operating parameters for the Tanaka column characterization protocol are controlled within the following experimental limits, i. e. methanol content ±0.5% v/v, temperature ±3°C, pH ±0.10 and buffer concentration ±2.0 mM, it is feasible to distinguish between RP materials that possess selectivity differences larger than their batch‐to‐batch reproducibility. These experimental requirements can be easily met by current LC instrumentation. Hence, the validity of the Tanaka testing protocol for characterizing columns has been verified.
Liquid chromatographic enantiomer resolution ofN‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl α‐amino acids and their ester derivatives on polysaccharide‐derived chiral stationary phases
Authors: Li Yin Hua , Lee Wonjae 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe liquid chromatographic enantiomer separation ofN‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC) protected α‐amino acids and their ethyl ester derivatives was performed on polysaccharide‐derived chiral stationary phases, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AD, and Chiralpak AS. In general, Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak AD showed good performance for resolution ofN‐FMOC α‐amino acids and their ethyl esters, respectively. All investigatedN‐FMOC α‐amino acid enantiomers were baseline separated on Chiralcel OD or Chiralpak AD, whereasN‐FMOC α‐amino acid ethyl ester enantiomers were baseline resolved (α = 1.15–3.03) on Chiralpak AD, except for two analytes. The L‐enantiomers of all examined FMOC α‐amino acid ethyl ester derivatives are preferentially retained on Chiralpak AD, while the elution orders of the other enantiomer separations are not consistent.
Standard addition – A way of improving quantification of banned azo dyes in leather
Authors: Ahlström Lars‐Henric , Amon Sabine , Mathiasson Lennart 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn analytical procedure based on supercritical‐fluid extraction and microwave‐assisted extraction was applied on six different real leather samples for the determination of banned azo dyes. Determination of the dyes was performed indirectly by measuring their corresponding harmful aromatic amines, formed after reduction. A comparative study between external standard calibration and standard addition using both the dyes as well as the corresponding amines showed that the latter quantification method provided the highest accuracy.
Autoignition of heptanes; experiments and modeling
Authors: Smith John M. , Simmie John M. , Curran Henry J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThere is much interest in determining the influence of molecular structure on the rate of combustion of hydrocarbons; the C7H16 isomers of heptane have been selected here as they exemplify all the different structural elements present in aliphatic, noncyclic hydrocarbons.With the exception of n‐heptane itself, no autoignition studies have been carried out to date on the other isomers of heptane at high temperatures. Therefore, ignition delay times were measured for the oxidation of four isomers—n‐heptane, 2,2‐dimethylpentane, 2,3‐dimethylpentane, and 2,2,3‐trimethylbutane—under stoichiometric conditions at a reflected shock pressure of 2 atm, within the temperature range of 1150–1650 K. Measurements under identical conditions reveal that they all have essentially the same ignition delay time; this confirms earlier theoretical predictions based purely on detailed chemical kinetic modeling.The variation of ignition delay times for n‐heptane with changing oxygen concentrations and reflected shock pressure was determined and shown to follow expected trends. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 728–736, 2005
Temperature dependences of the reactions of O(3P) atoms with selected chlorofluoroethenes between 298 and 359 K
Authors: Teruel Mariano A. , Cometto Pablo M. , Taccone Raúl A. , Lane Silvia I. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe rate constants for the gas‐phase reactions of ground‐state oxygen atoms with CF2CFCl (1), (E/Z)‐CFClCFCl (2), CFClCH2 (3), and (E/Z)‐CFHCHCl (4) have been measured directly using a discharge flow tube coupled to a chemiluminescence detection system. The experiments were carried out under pseudo‐first‐order conditions with [O3P)]0 ≪ [ethene]0. The temperature dependences of the reactions were studied for the first time in the range 298–359 K. The proposed Arrhenius expressions (in units of cm3 molecule−1 s−1) were k1 = (1.07 ± 0.32) × 10−11 exp{−(8000±1600)/RT}, k2 = (0.56 ± 0.10) × 10−11 exp{−(8700±500)/RT}, k3 = (4.23 ± 1.25) × 10−11 exp{−(12,700 ± 800)/RT}, and k4 = (1.13 ± 0.62) × 10−11 exp{−(10,500 ± 1500)/RT}. All the rate coefficients display a positive temperature dependence, which highlights the importance of the irreversibility of the addition mechanism for these reactions. Halogen substitution in the ethene is discussed in terms of reactivity with O(3P). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 763–769, 2005
Betel quid: Its tremor‐producing effects in residents of Araihazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Hafeman Danella , Ahsan Habibul , Islam Tariqul , Louis Elan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBetel quid consists of a betel nut (Areca catechu) and other additives. It is chewed throughout Asia and is the fourth most commonly used addictive substance in the world. Its stimulant properties are mediated by arecoline and other toxins. The neurological effects of betel quid use have not been studied extensively. To assess tremor, 100 residents of Araihazar, Bangladesh, were asked to draw spirals, which were rated by a blinded neurologist. The average tremor rating was 50% higher in exposed versus unexposed individuals. Betel quid use can produce clinically evident tremor. Population‐based epidemiological studies of tremor in Asia should begin to take the effect of this stimulant into account. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Design of microstrip to waveguide transition in the W band suitable antenna or integrated circuits connections
Authors: Nguyen B. D. , Migliaccio C. , Pichot Ch. , Rolland Nathalie 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a millimeter waveguide‐to‐microstrip line transition based on E‐mode coupling. It uses a standard W‐band waveguide and a microstrip line made on alumina substrate. It has been designed for the center frequency of 94 GHz. A back‐to‐back transition has been done and measured between 90 and 100 GHz. A bandwidth of more than 12% with insertion loss of −5 dB is demonstrated for a microstrip length of about 21 mm. Complementary measurements show that the transition itself achieves 0.6‐dB losses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 518–520, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21216
Large‐scale computation for electrically small structures using surface‐integral equation method
Authors: Chu Yun‐Hui , Chew Weng Cho 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new implementation of the basis‐rearrangement procedure is presented to remove numerical errors in the previous implementation. As a result, previously unsolvable large‐scale problems with more than one million unknowns for electrically small structures can now be solved accurately. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 525–530, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21219
Electromagnetic bandgap enhancement using the high‐impedance property of offset finite‐ground microstrip line
Authors: Sun Sheng , Zhu Lei 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe high‐impedance property of an offset finite‐ground microstrip line is utilized to construct an improved transmission‐line electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure with enhanced bandgap width and attenuation. Using the self‐calibrated method of moments (MoM), the two effective per‐unit‐length parameters are firstly extracted to demonstrate the fundamental frequency‐dispersive characteristics of the guided wave in this EBG. Then, the transmission coefficients of the two finite‐length EBG circuits with ideal impedance matching at two ports are characterized, thus exhibiting the distinctive bandstop and bandpass behaviors as the guided‐wave propagates across this EBG with finite‐extended region. Finally, a five‐cell EBG circuit, fed with the standard 50Ω feed lines, is further modeled to give an evident verification of its enhanced EBG performance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 543–546, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21225