bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugation of a Photosensitizer to an Oligoarginine‐Based Cell‐Penetrating Peptide Increases the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Choi Yongdoo , McCarthy Jason R. , Weissleder Ralph , Tung Ching‐Hsuan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTo improve the efficiency of intracellular delivery of photosensitizers and the efficacy of photodynamic therapy, a membrane‐penetrating arginine oligopeptide (R7) was conjugated to 5‐[4‐carboxyphenyl]‐10,15,20‐triphenyl‐2,3‐dihydroxychlorin (TPC). The resulting conjugate (R7–TPC) enhanced intracellular TPC uptake, which increased proportionally with the incubation time of the conjugate. The water solubility of the highly hydrophobic TPC photosensitizer was also improved after conjugation. Increased phototoxicity of R7–TPC was observed after an incubation time of only 30 min. Tumor cells mainly underwent apoptosis at lower concentrations of the photosensitizer–polyarginine conjugate, whereas necrotic cell damage became prevalent at higher concentrations.
Bisubstrate Inhibitors of CatecholO‐Methyltransferase (COMT): the Crucial Role of the Ribose Structural Unit for Inhibitor Binding Affinity
Authors: Paulini Ralph , Trindler Christian , Lerner Christian , Brändli Lukas , Schweizer W. Bernd , Jakob‐Roetne Roland , Zürcher Gerhard , Borroni Edilio , Diederich François 
Published: January 2006

AbstractInhibition of the enzyme catechol O‐methyltransferase offers a therapeutic handle to regulate the catabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters, providing valuable assistance in the treatment of CNS disorders such as Parkinson's disease. A series of ribose‐modified bisubstrate inhibitors of COMT featuring 2′‐deoxy‐, 3′‐deoxy‐, 2′‐aminodeoxy‐3′‐deoxy‐, and 2′‐deoxy‐3′‐aminodeoxyribose‐derived central moieties and analogues containing the carbocyclic skeleton of the natural product aristeromycin were synthesized and evaluated to investigate the molecular recognition properties of the ribose binding site in the enzyme. Key synthetic intermediates in the ribose‐derived series were obtained by deoxygenative [1,2]‐hydride shift rearrangement of adenosine derivatives; highlights in the synthesis of carbocyclic aristeromycin analogues include a diastereoselective cyclopropanation step and nucleobase introduction with a modified Mitsunobu protocol. In vitro biological evaluation and kinetic studies revealed dramatic effects of the ribose modification on binding affinity: 3′‐deoxygenation of the ribose gave potent inhibitors (IC50values in the nanomolar range), which stands in sharp contrast to the remarkable decrease in potency observed for 2′‐deoxy derivatives (IC50values in the micromolar range). Aminodeoxy analogues were only weakly active, whereas the change of the tetrahydrofuran skeleton to a carbocycle unexpectedly led to a complete loss of biological activity. These results confirm that the ribose structural unit of the bisubstrate inhibitors of COMT is a key element of molecular recognition and that modifications thereof are delicate and may lead to surprises.
Long‐term follow‐up results of the combination of topotecan and cytarabine and other intensive chemotherapy regimens in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , Beran Miloslav , Cortes Jorge , O'Brien Susan , Giles Francis , Pierce Sherry , Shan Jianqin , Plunkett William , Keating Michael , Estey Elihu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDProgressive or higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is often treated with intensive chemotherapy regimens used for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Patients with MDS are often older and may have contraindications to anthracycline‐based regimens. Topotecan‐cytarabine regimens have shown encouraging results in higher‐risk MDS. The aim of this study was to analyze the long‐term results with topotecan‐cytarabine versus other intensive chemotherapy regimens in higher‐risk MDS.METHODSFive hundred ten patients with higher‐risk MDS treated with intensive chemotherapy were reviewed. Their median age was 63 years; 82% had intermediate 2 or high‐risk MDS; 32% had secondary MDS; 40% had chromosome 5 or 7 abnormalities. Therapy was: topotecan‐cytarabine in 77; idarubicin‐cytarabine regimens in 270; topotecan‐cytarabine and cyclophosphamide in 67; fludarabine‐cytarabine in 96. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the independent associations of different variables, and most important, the treatment regimen, with complete response, induction mortality, and survival.RESULTSThe overall complete response (CR) rate was 55%, induction mortality 17%, and 5‐year survival rate 8%. The 5‐year survival rate was 11% for patients younger than 65 years old and 17% for patients with a normal karyotype. Among 82 patients younger than 65 years with a normal karyotype, the CR rate was 67%, 5‐year survival rate 27%, and 5‐year CR duration rate 33%. Topotecan‐cytarabine regimens were equivalent to idarubicin‐cytarabine regimens in relation to CR rates and survival rates, but were associated with a lower induction mortality. Multivariate analysis confirmed that treatment regimens were not associated with independent significant differences in CR rates or survival. However, topotecan‐cytarabine regimens were still selected to be associated with lower induction mortality rates.CONCLUSIONSThis analysis suggests that topotecan‐cytarabine regimens are equally effective to other AML regimens in higher‐risk MDS and may be less toxic. Topotecan‐cytarabine may be considered a reasonable alternative to idarubicin‐cytarabine in higher‐risk MDS, particularly in older patients with contraindications to anthracyclines. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid: Ten years experience in a community teaching hospital
Authors: Wu Howard Her‐Juing , Jones Jennifer N. , Osman Jailan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe present our experience of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of the thyroid in a community hospital setting and discuss the cancer probability of the indeterminate FNA results. There were 1,621 FNAs, 401 of which have follow‐up thyroidectomies during a 10‐yr period. The initial FNA diagnoses of these 401 cases were benign non‐neoplastic (BNN) 159, malignant 34, atypical 33, suspicious 19, follicular neoplasm (FN) 88, follicular lesion (FL) 51, and inadequate 17. There were no false‐positive cases. Cancer was found in 11 cases diagnosed as BNN (7%), 6 cases were due to sampling errors (incidental microcarcinomas), and 5 cases were due to failure to identify focal atypia in the smears of a follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. The false‐negative rate was 3%, with the exclusion of cases of incidental microcarcinomas. Among the indeterminate FNA results, the follow‐up operations revealed malignant tumors in 16 of 33 (48%) cases of atypical, 13 of 19 (68%) cases of suspicious, 29 of 88 (33%) cases of FN, and 7 of 51 (14%) cases of FL. Malignant tumors were also found in 2 of 17 (12%) of inadequate specimens with follow‐up. When compared to the cancer rate (3%) for FNA diagnosis of BNN, the likelihood of finding cancer in the thyroidectomy is 5 times more for a FL, 11 times more for a FN, 16 times more for atypical, and 23 times more for suspicious. The sensitivity and specificity are 87 and 100%, respectively. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:93–96. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Black thyroid revisited: Cytologic diagnosis in fine‐needle aspirates is unlikely
Authors: Oertel Yolanda C. , Oertel James E. , Dalal Kamini , Mendoza Mayo G. , Fadeyi Emmanuel A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe report four patients diagnosed with black discoloration of the thyroid gland at surgery and a fifth patient in which the “black thyroid” was an incidental finding at autopsy. The four patients diagnosed at surgery had prior fine‐needle aspirations (FNA), which did not reveal any characteristic pigmentation. One patient presented with cervical lymph node metastases from a papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid. The second patient was diagnosed as a cellular adenomatoid nodule, and suppressive therapy was recommended. She elected to have surgery instead. The third patient underwent surgery because of an oxyphilic cell nodule, in a background of lymphocytic thyroiditis, in which a Hürthle cell neoplasm could not be ruled out. His aspirates were reviewed at two other institutions, and no diagnosis of black thyroid was entertained. The fourth patient had an adenomatoid nodule with cystic change and slightly atypical squamous metaplasia. She decided to have surgery, which revealed a black thyroid. Later, it was discovered that the patients had received minocycline for the treatment of acne. FNA does not seem to be a reliable method to diagnose black thyroid preoperatively. Although this is a striking operative finding, diagnosing it on FNA seems to be unlikely and also inconsequential. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:106–111. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minimal deviation endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the cervix: Report of three cases with exfoliative cytology
Authors: Odashiro Alexandre N. , Odashiro Danilo N. , Nguyen Gia‐Khanh 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThree histologically confirmed minimal deviation endometrioid adenocarcinomas (MDEA) of the uterine cervix with cytologic evaluation by cervical scraping were reviewed. The smears were cellular and showed tall columnar tumor cells arranged in monolayered sheets with nuclei in palisade at free borders, rosettes, and irregular clusters. Cellular strips with palisading nuclei was noted in one case. The individual tumor cells showed monomorphic, round or oval, hyperchromatic nuclei with chromatin clumping, small nucleoli, and granular, nonvacuolated cytoplasm with cytoplasmic extensions or tails. The smear background showed a variable amount of necrotic debris admixed with polymorphonuclear leukocytes in two cases. The cytologic manifestations of those three cervical MDEAs overlapped, to some extents, with those of a cervical adenocarcinoma in situ and with those of a well‐differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma invading the cervix. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:119–123. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reaction of Pyridine with Phenylcyanoacetylene: A New Route to Functionalized Polyconjugated 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Systems
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Andriyankova Ludmila V. , Mal'kina Anastasiya G. , Nikitina Lina P. , Afonin Andrei V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Sinegovskaya Lidiya M. , Vakul'skaya Tamara I. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPyridine reacts with phenylcyanoacetylene under mild conditions (20–25 °C, no catalyst) to unexpectedly give the 2:3 adduct — a C,N‐functionalized polyconjugated 1,4‐dihydropyridine system — containing two 1,4‐dihydropyridine cycles and four vinylene units formed by three molecules of phenylcyanoacetylene (the yield is up to 46 %). Other products are higher oligomers of phenylcyanoacetylene terminated by 1,4‐dihydropyridine cycles (approx. 30 % yield). Assembly of the 2:3 adduct proceeds regio‐ and stereoselectively — only one of the possible isomers is formed. The oligomers show paramagnetic and electroconductive properties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
DNA Biosensor Based on Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified by Polymer Multilayer
Authors: Ioannou Andrea K. , Pantazaki Anastasia A. , Girousi Stella TH. , Millot Marie‐Claude , Vidal‐Madjar Claire , Voulgaropoulos Anastasios N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAn electrochemical DNA biosensor was developed by DNA immobilization at the electrode surface and its electrochemical behavior was studied in relation with different materials added in the paste. The aim was to study new materials for the development of new electrode surfaces, to be applied in the study of DNA – drug interactions. New electrochemical sensing materials using polymer multilayers were reported for the adsorption of DNA. These materials were prepared by mixing a polymer ion exchanger and graphite powder. The mixture was then used to render the modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), on the surface of which the dsDNA was adsorbed and studied by differential pulse voltammetry (DP voltammetry). The signal of guanine oxidation peak of DNA was followed. This modified biosensor was applied for the study of the interaction between DNA and the known intercalators Ethidium Bromide (EB) and Acridine Orange (AO). The established biosensor exhibited an improvement of its sensitivity and repeatability compared with the conventional CPE DNA biosensor.
Robustness of the decorrelating discrete time Rake receiver (DDRR) in the presence of dynamic propagation conditions
Authors: Boujemâa Hatem , Siala Mohamed , Jday Mohamed Hamdi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRecently, an optimum structure of the discrete time Rake receiver according to the maximuma posterioricriterion has been proposed. The obtained receiver, known as the decorrelating discrete time Rake receiver (DDRR), uses estimates of the channel statistics in order to compute its decision variable. In this letter, we study the DDRR robustness in the presence of dynamic statistics due to birth‐death and moving paths. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
Parallelization of the deMon2k code
Authors: Geudtner Gerald , Janetzko Florian , Köster Andreas M. , Vela Alberto , Calaminici Patrizia 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe parallelization of the LCGTO‐KS‐DFT code deMon2k is presented. The parallelization of the three‐center electron repulsion integrals, the numerical integration using a direct grid algorithm and the matrix multiplication and diagonalization are described. The efficiency of the parallelization is analyzed by selected benchmark calculations. It is shown that geometry optimizations of systems with more than 8000 basis functions are feasible on cluster architectures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 483–490, 2006
Vegetation response to conditions caused by different soil‐preparation techniques applied to afforestation in semiarid abandoned farmland
Authors: Navarro F. B. , Ripoll M. A. , Jiménez M. N. , De Simón E. , Valle F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTwelve soil‐preparation techniques used in afforestation were applied and 16 environmental variables were measured to test their effects on vegetation abundance, diversity, and cover in semiarid abandoned farmland located in southeastern Spain. The soil‐preparation techniques consisted of punctual treatments—making a hole and constructing a plantation bench with different types of machinery; linear treatments—making furrows along contour lines; and surface treatments—that prepare the soil in general all over the plantation surface. Variables measured were the surface and volume affected by the soil‐preparation treatments, distance from sample quadrats to the remnants of natural vegetation, surface runoff estimated by slope angle, and some edaphic characteristics such as gravel content, active lime, CaCO3, phosphorus, oxidizable organic matter, total soil nitrogen, pH, potassium, salinity, and clay, silt and sand content. The multivariate contrasts obtained demonstrated the existence of a significant relationship between species, samples and environmental variables. Both the distance of the quadrats from the remnants of natural vegetation and the volume of soil removed in different treatments were very weighty variables in the explanation of the variance of data, negatively affecting overall vegetation development. The accumulation or loss of surface runoff and the CaCO3 content in soil were also important variables to explain abundance and diversity data. However, not all the species responded to the variables analysed in the same way. Identification of non‐uniform spatial patterns that significantly affect vegetation suggests that afforestation policies and conservation and management strategies in these semiarid abandoned lands should always take into consideration the quality of the whole landscape. Voluminous soil treatments for afforestation should be avoided. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cascade of disparities: Health and health care access for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Krahn Gloria L. , Hammond Laura , Turner Anne 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPeople with ID represent approximately 2% of the population and, as a group, experience poorer health than the general population. This article presents recent conceptualizations that begin to disentangle health from disability, summarizes the literature from 1999 to 2005 in terms of the cascade of disparities, reviews intervention issues and promising practices, and provides recommendations for future action and research. The reconceptualization of health and disability examines health disparity in terms of the determinants of health (genetic, social circumstances, environment, individual behaviors, health care access) and types of health conditions (associated, comorbid, secondary). The literature is summarized in terms of a cascade of disparities experienced by people with ID, including a higher prevalence of adverse conditions, inadequate attention to care needs, inadequate focus on health promotion, and inadequate access to quality health care services. Promising practices are reviewed from the perspective of persons with ID, providers of care and services, and policies that influence systems of care. Recommendations across multiple countries and organizations are synthesized as guidelines to direct future action. They call for promoting principles of early identification, inclusion, and self‐determination of people with ID; reducing the occurrence and impact of associated, comorbid, and secondary conditions; empowering caregivers and family members; promoting healthy behaviors in people with ID; and ensuring equitable access to quality health care by people with ID. Their broadscale implementations would begin to reduce the health disparity experienced by people with ID. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:70–82. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The absence of CCL2 expression in cervical carcinoma is associated with increased survival and loss of heterozygosity at 17q11.2
Authors: Zijlmans H JMAA , Fleuren G J , Baelde H J , Eilers P HC , Kenter G G , Gorter A 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTo determine whether CCL2 mRNA expression is beneficial or detrimental for cervical cancer patients, the association between the expression of this molecule by cervical tumour cells, the number of tumour‐associated macrophages, and clinicopathological parameters such as recurrence, relapse‐free survival, and overall patient survival was investigated. In cervical cancer samples from 93 untreated cervical cancer patients, the CCL2 mRNA expression level was quantified using RNA in situ hybridization and verified using real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. The number of tumour‐associated macrophages was determined using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the study investigated whether lack of CCL2 expression was due to genetic alterations near the 17q11.2 (CCL2 genomic) region. CCL2 mRNA expression by cervical tumour cells was associated with the number of tumour‐associated macrophages (p < 0.001). Lack of CCL2 mRNA expression (15 samples; 16%) was associated with increased cumulative relapse‐free survival (log rank test, p = 0.030), increased cumulative overall survival (log rank test, p = 0.024), less post‐operative surgery, reduced local and distant recurrence, reduced vascular invasion, and smaller tumour size (<40 mm). The absence of CCL2 mRNA expression corresponded with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 17q11.2 in five of six samples. The increased cumulative relapse‐free survival and cumulative overall survival of cervical cancer patients lacking tumour cell‐associated CCL2 mRNA suggest that the tumour‐associated macrophages support tumour progression, presumably by promoting angiogenesis and production of growth factors. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of the mechanical and wear performance of short carbon fibers and mineral particles (Wollastonite, CaSiO3) filled epoxy composites
Authors: Xian Guijun , Walter Rolf , Haupert Frank 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTo improve the mechanical and tribological performance, two kinds of wollastonite fillers (fine or coarse) and short carbon fibers (5–15 vol %) were, respectively, incorporated into an epoxy resin. Fine wollastonite fillers remarkably enhanced the flexural modulus, strength, and toughness of the resin at some filler contents (i.e., 10 vol %) simultaneously, while coarse wollastonite fillers and short carbon fibers impaired most of mechanical properties except the modulus. The small particle size, low aspect ratio as well as the good adhesion to the epoxy matrix of the fine wollastonite particles are believed to be responsible for the improved strength and toughness. Tribological tests were performed under sliding and low amplitude oscillating wear conditions. All fillers enhanced the wear resistance and reduced the sliding coefficient of friction but to a different extent. Under sliding wear conditions, fine wollastonite particle‐filled epoxy displayed the highest wear resistance because of the formation of an effective transfer film and the low abrasiveness of the fillers. Under low amplitude oscillating wear conditions, both wollastonite fillers showed much higher wear resistance than short carbon fibers regardless of the filler content. The better adhesion between the wollastonite fillers and the epoxy matrix is responsible for the higher wear resistance under oscillating conditions. The wear tracks were inspected by microscopy to analyze the corresponding wear mechanisms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 854–863, 2006
Multilocus linkage disequilibrium mapping of epistatic quantitative trait loci that regulate HIV dynamics: a simulation approach
Authors: Wu Song , Yang Jie , Wu Rongling 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe time‐dependent change of HIV particle load, i.e. HIV dynamics, is likely to be controlled by a multitude of quantitative trait loci (QTL) that interact with each other as well as with various developmental and environmental factors in a coordinated manner. In this article, we have derived a new statistical model for mapping the epistatic QTL responsible for HIV dynamics in a natural human population. This model, constructed on the integrated theme of functional mapping and linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping, can make use of information from multiple markers genotyped from the human genome. It allows for the test and estimation of genetic actions and interactions involved in the control of HIV progression and provides a general platform to identify the detailed genetic architecture of resistance or susceptibility of humans to HIV on a dynamic scale. We have generalized this model to accommodate various complicated clincal designs for AIDS studies. Simulation studies with different scenarios are performed to examine the statistical behaviour of the model. The genetic and statistical extensions of this mapping model to HIV/AIDS genomic research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescents’ thoughts about parents’ jobs and their importance for adolescents’ future orientation
Authors: Gardner Neblett Nicole , Schnabel Cortina Kai 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThe current study examined the relation between adolescents’ perceptions of their parents’ jobs and their future orientation, and tested the role of parental support. Four hundred and fifteen ninth through twelfth graders were surveyed about their parents’ job rewards, self‐direction, and stressors, as well as their expectations for employment and education prospects. Results indicate that perceptions of parents’ rewards, self‐direction, and stress predict how positively or negatively adolescents perceive the future to be. Results also suggest that higher levels of parental support may weaken the association between perceptions and future orientation when adolescents perceive their parents experience unfavorable conditions at work. These results suggest that adolescents’ perceptions of parents’ jobs have implications for their preparation for adulthood.