bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-Partnering in a Virtual Photovoice Study Design With Older Adults: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Weil Joyce 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Gerontology offers a range of participatory research options with more commonly used community participatory-based research or participatory action research approaches. Photovoice’s visual representation of lived experiences offers a unique opportunity for older adults to fully cocreate research. This article describes the process of codesigning a virtual photovoice study with older adults. The design process is described in 3 phases: codesign during the initial study design, throughout the study and data-collection process, and during dissemination.

Research Design and Methods
In this methodological article, substantive findings from an Institutional Review Board approved study where older adults created photos of the meaning of “home” through Zoom interviews are used to illustrate codesign in a virtual photovoice study. The process includes engagement with the Aging PCOR Learning Collaborative’s Older Adult Subcommittee, Healthier Black Elders’ Community Advisory Board, and older adults in the study.

Results
Work with advisory groups offered more dimensions to the study’s planning, conduction, and dissemination, expanding the study’s reach, inclusion, and framing. This collaboration created a greater exchange of dialogue and bidirectional flow of expression. The researcher became the subject, and older adults navigated study protocols. Older adults’ increased self-reflection, spontaneous essays, and shared resources with the researcher expanded understanding. Older adults’ revisions of this manuscript deepened content exploration.

Discussion and Implications
This article highlights the role of codesign throughout all a study’s phases, where a researcher can work within the hyphen expanding connections with older adults. Their empowerment lets more complex, varied ideas develop.
NATO in the multi-order world
Authors: Flockhart Trine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
NATO has for 75 years been a remarkably resilient organization because it has been able to change when the world changed. NATO's longevity is in large part due to a dual structure, which has enabled the alliance to oscillate between a role as a military alliance and as a community of value. The Russian invasion of Ukraine and global geopolitical shifts such as the rise of China prompted NATO to prioritize its role as a military alliance and to add a new political focus on China. However, this article demonstrates that NATO's reading of the geopolitical transformation is incomplete. NATO should recognize the new global ordering architecture as a multi-order one, which requires NATO to distinguish clearly between the ‘unbounded’ global rules-based order in which several international orders now exist and the ‘bounded’ liberal international order of which NATO is a key institution. NATO needs to develop its policies accordingly—policies governing relations within the liberal international order must be clearly anchored in liberal values and designed to defend liberal international order, while policies governing relations between international orders cannot be anchored in liberal values, but must seek rules-based cooperation in areas of shared interests.
Chinese peace and its discontents: China's peacemaking and peacekeeping in South Sudan
Authors: Patey Luke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
China shows a growing commitment to peacemaking and peacekeeping overseas. Yet Chinese peace efforts have met considerable challenges across multiple conflict settings. This article seeks to understand the difficulties facing Chinese peacemaking and peacekeeping and asks how these experiences influence the future behaviour of Chinese actors towards peace and conflict issues. Previous scholarship has largely taken a state-centric perspective to explain China's engagement in peacemaking and peacekeeping. In contrast, this article harnesses an assemblage approach to reveal the diversity of Chinese actors and the significant role local actors and normative forms of power play in influencing China's broader peace efforts. In South Sudan, it finds that the political ideas advanced by warring factions and the legitimacy they placed on United Nations peacekeeping intervention, both undermined Chinese peacemaking and peacekeeping and held far-reaching effects for Chinese actors beyond the conflict. Consequently, these challenges in South Sudan pushed China's national oil company to adopt new risk management policies throughout its investments in conflict settings. The South Sudan experience also influenced China's foreign ministry by tempering its proactive approach to conflict resolution in other conflict-affected countries and to promote peacekeeper safety and support peacekeeping intelligence at the United Nations.
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of 20% subcutaneous immunoglobulin (Ig20Gly) administered weekly or every 2 weeks in Japanese patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases: a phase 3, open-label study
Authors: Kanegane Hirokazu , Endo Akifumi , Okada Satoshi , Ohnishi Hidenori , Ishimura Masataka , Nishikomori Ryuta , Imai Kohsuke , Nonoyama Shigeaki , Muramatsu Hideki , Wada Taizo , Kuga Atsushi , Sakamoto Ko , Russo-Schwarzbaum Sharon , Chu Liang-Hui , McCoy Barbara , Li Zhaoyang , Yel Leman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This phase 3, open-label, multidose study (NCT04346108) evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and efficacy of immunoglobulin subcutaneous (human) 20% solution (Ig20Gly) administered weekly and every 2 weeks in Japanese patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). The study was conducted at eight study sites in Japan and enrolled patients aged ≥2 years with PIDs treated using a stable intravenous immunoglobulin dose for ≥3 months prior to the study. Patients received intravenous immunoglobulin every 3 or 4 weeks at pre-study dose (200–600 mg/kg) for 13 weeks (Epoch 1), subcutaneous Ig20Gly (50–200 mg/kg) once weekly for 24 weeks (Epoch 2), and Ig20Gly (100–400 mg/kg) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks (Epoch 3). The primary endpoint was serum total immunoglobulin G (IgG) trough levels during Epochs 2 and 3. Overall, 17 patients were enrolled (median [range] age: 24 [5–69] years; 59% male) and participated in Epochs 1 and 2; seven patients entered Epoch 3. Serum total IgG trough levels were maintained at &gt;8 g/l: geometric means (95% confidence intervals) at the end of Epochs 2 and 3 were 8.56 (8.03–9.12) g/l and 8.39 (7.89–8.91) g/l, respectively. Related treatment-emergent adverse events were all mild in severity; the most common treatment-emergent adverse events (excluding infections) in Epochs 2 and 3 were injection site swelling (24%) and injection site erythema (18%). This is the first trial to demonstrate the efficacy and favourable safety profile of 20% subcutaneous immunoglobulin administered every 2 weeks in adult and paediatric Japanese patients with PIDs.
Gut microbiota facilitate adaptation of invasive moths to new host plants
Authors: Zhang Shouke , Song Feng , Wang Jie , Li Xiayu , Zhang Yuxin , Zhou Wenwu , Xu Letian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gut microbiota are important in the adaptation of phytophagous insects to their plant hosts. However, the interaction between gut microbiomes and pioneering populations of invasive insects during their adaptation to new hosts, particularly in the initial phases of invasion, has been less studied. We studied the contribution of the gut microbiome to host adaptation in the globally recognized invasive pest, Hyphantria cunea, as it expands its range into southern China. The southern population of H. cunea shows effective adaptation to Metasequoia glyptostroboides and exhibits greater larval survival on Metasequoia than the original population. Genome resequencing revealed no significant differences in functions related to host adaptation between the two populations. The compatibility between southern H. cunea populations and M. glyptostroboides revealed a correlation between the abundance of several gut bacteria genera (Bacteroides, Blautia, and Coprococcus) and H. cunea survival. Transplanting the larval gut microbiome from southern to northern populations enhanced the adaptability of the latter to the previously unsuitable plant M. glyptostroboides. This research provides evidence that the gut microbiome of pioneering populations can enhance the compatibility of invasive pests to new hosts and enable more rapid adaptation to new habitats.
Patterns and mechanisms of belowground carbon responses to changes in precipitation
Authors: Chen Hongyang , Zhang Qi , Zhou Lingyan , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is well known that aboveground productivity usually increases with precipitation. However, how belowground carbon (C) processes respond to changes in precipitation remains elusive, although belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) represents more than one-half of NPP and soil stores the largest terrestrial C in the biosphere. This paper reviews the patterns of belowground C processes (BNPP and soil C) in response to changes in precipitation from transect studies, manipulative experiments, modeling and data integration and synthesis. The results suggest the possible existence of nonlinear patterns of BNPP and soil C in response to changes in precipitation, which is largely different from linear response for aboveground productivity. C allocation, root turnover time and species composition may be three key processes underlying mechanisms of the nonlinear responses to changes in precipitation for belowground C processes. In addition, microbial community structure and long-term ecosystem processes (e.g. mineral assemblage, soil texture, aggregate stability) may also affect patterns of belowground C processes in response to changes in precipitation. At last, we discuss implications and future perspectives for potential nonlinear responses of belowground C processes to changes in precipitation.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses in travellers
Authors: Shiferaw Wondimeneh , Martin Beatris Mario , Dean Judith A , Mills Deborah , Lau Colleen , Paterson David , Koh Kenneth , Eriksson Lars , Furuya-Kanamori Luis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) impose a global health and economic burden. International travellers facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, including STIs. Hence, this review assessed the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs and factors associated with the infection in this population.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from inception of the databases until November 2022. Published analytical observational studies reporting the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and factors associated with STIs by type of traveller [i.e. tourists, business travellers, students, visiting friends or relatives (VFRs), international truck drivers, backpackers, expatriates and men who have sex with men (MSM)] were included. The selection of articles, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted for each STI by clinical presentation and type of traveller.

Results
Thirty-two studies (n = 387 731 travellers) were included; 19 evaluated the proportionate morbidity of STIs among symptomatic travellers, while 13 examined the prevalence of STIs in asymptomatic travellers. The highest proportionate morbidity was found among VFRs (syphilis, 1.67%; 95% CI: 1.03–2.81%), backpackers (Chlamydia trachomatis, 6.58%; 95% CI: 5.96–7.25%) and MSM (HIV [2.50%;95% CI: 0.44–12.88%], gonorrhoea [4.17%; 95% CI: 1.1.5–13.98%], lymphogranuloma venereum [4.17%;95% CI: 1.1.5–13.98%] and HAV [20.0%; 95% CI: 14.99–26.17%]). The highest prevalence of STIs among asymptomatic were found in MSM (HIV [25.94%; 95% CI: 22.21–30.05%] and HBV [24.90%; 95% CI: 21.23–28.96%]) and backpackers (C. trachomatis, 3.92%; 95% CI: 2.72–5.32%). Short duration of the trip (&lt;1 month), not having pre-travel consultation, travelling to Southeast Asia and being unvaccinated for HBV were identified as risk factors for STIs.

Conclusion
Strategies to prevent STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs should be discussed at pre-travel consultations, and recommendations should be prioritized in high-risk groups of travellers, such as backpackers, VFRs and MSMs. Additionally, healthcare providers should tailor recommendations for safe sex practices to individual travellers’ unique needs.
EU Directives on the internal governance of energy communities and their exclusionary effects
Authors: Hoops Björn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
If already existing energy cooperatives and other citizen-led initiatives are to benefit from energy sharing and other privileges under the EU Internal Electricity Market and Renewable Energy Directives, their internal governance will have to adhere to the requirements set by these Directives. This contribution combines legal-doctrinal and empirical research on German energy communities to determine the extent to which different interpretations of the Directives respect established governance structures. It goes on to evaluate which interpretation creates the least disruptive incentives for communities to adapt their internal governance to the Directives. The contribution argues that the Directives should tolerate that energy communities pursue financial goals in addition to economic, environmental, or social benefits. It finds that the exclusion of energy companies, large enterprises, and non-local authorities from membership under the Renewable Energy Directive deters a desirable skill transfer. An exiting member should not be entitled to an immediate reimbursement, to preserve the financial viability of the community. The interpretation of autonomy and effective control should respect the indirect democracy in most communities with few active members leading the way and taking the most important decisions. Finally, the activities and size of the community should inform the interpretation of the proximity requirement.
On corrugation mode radial wavelengths of the vertical shear instability
Authors: Dang Yixuan , Cui Can , Barraza-Alfaro Marcelo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The vertical shear instability (VSI) is a promising mechanism to drive turbulence in protoplanetary discs. Numerical simulations in the literature demonstrate that the VSI non-linear saturation is predominated by the linear corrugation modes. These modes possess vertical wavelengths crucially longer than radial wavelengths. This paper aims to investigate the natural radial wavelength of corrugation modes upon VSI saturation, by a series of numerical simulations conducted in Athena++ at different grid resolutions, disc aspect ratios, and viscosity parametrized by ν. We find a sign of convergence emerges at 64 cells per gas scale height for fiducial simulations, below which a continuous reduction of wavelengths with grid resolution is observed. Synthetic ALMA molecular line observations of $^{12}\rm CO(2-1)$ are performed to inspect the observability of the corrugation modes feature, which is significantly diminished with a resolution of 32 cells per scale height or above. Flared and viscous discs exhibiting longer saturation wavelengths may mitigate the observational difficulty.
A study of Be stars in the time domain – I. Spectral data and polarimetry
Authors: Castañón Esteban Adrian , Steele Iain A , Jermak Helen E 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the first part of a spectroscopic and polarimetric study on a sample of 58 Be stars that have been measured since 1998. The aim of the study is to understand the time-scales of disc variability, formation, and dissipation as a function of the properties (mass, luminosity, and rotational velocity) of the underlying B star. In this paper, we classified the sample based on the presence of emission or absorption of the Hα line, and the shape of the peak as single or double peak, as well as noting changes between emission and non-emission states. We find a probability of ∼0.75 per cent per year that an object in the sample will undergo such a change. We also present re-derived values of the projected rotational velocities for the sample. When we compare our polarization values with those from the literature, we find that most of the stars do not show a change in the value of the polarization angle; however, a small number show significant changes which could be attributed to either disc strength (optical depth) or geometry changes. Finally, we show how, by combining the (interstellar corrected) degree of polarization and the projected rotational velocity, we can construct an inclination angle-free parameter that includes the true equatorial velocity. Using this inclination angle-independent parameter, we show that the populations of single and double peak stars are indistinguishable, giving further evidence that Be star line profiles are essentially inclination angle driven.
Impact of the Febrile Podcast and Learning Resource as an Infectious Diseases Education Platform
Authors: Dong Sara W , Stead Wendy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Febrile is an infectious diseases (ID) podcast and learning platform with the aim of providing high-quality and accessible ID content for learners. We describe the use of Febrile as a resource for learning and teaching ID as well as learner satisfaction and perceived impact on clinical practice.

Methods
The Febrile platform was launched in December 2020 and includes audio podcast episodes, infographics, and detailed online summaries of adult and pediatric ID topics. Production and contributor information is summarized. Podcast, website, and social media engagement is reported from available quantitative analytics. An online anonymous survey was conducted to assess educational impact.

Results
After 3 years of operation, Febrile has produced 90 episodes and has been downloaded &gt;460 000 times in 196 countries, with the majority of its audience (58.9%) listening from within the United States. A total of 230 participants from 30 countries and 38 US states completed the survey, of whom 79 (34.5%) were ID fellows in training and 78 (34.2%) were ID faculty physicians. Seventy-two percent of survey respondents reported visiting the website, and 82% had seen an infographic. Enhancing core ID knowledge was the primary driver for listening. Two-thirds of respondents indicated that information learned from Febrile has changed their practice, and 50% have used Febrile as a way to teach others. Febrile also led to favorable impressions of ID for those considering ID as a career.

Conclusions
Febrile is an engaging platform for ID medical education and provides a unique resource within the global ID community.
Deletion of the sugar importer gene OsSWEET1b accelerates sugar starvation-promoted leaf senescence in rice
Authors: Chen Dan , Shi Yarui , Zhang Peng , Xie Wenya , Li Shuxin , Xiao Jinghua , Yuan Meng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Leaf senescence is a combined response of plant cells stimulated by internal and external signals. Sugars acting as signaling molecules or energy metabolites can influence the progression of leaf senescence. Both sugar starvation and accumulation can promote leaf senescence with diverse mechanisms that are reported in different species. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are proposed to play essential roles in sugar transport, but whether they have roles in senescence and the corresponding mechanism are unclear. Here, we functionally characterized a sugar transporter, OsSWEET1b, which transports sugar and promotes senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsSWEET1b could import glucose and galactose when heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes and translocate glucose and galactose from the extracellular apoplast into the intracellular cytosol in rice. Loss of function of OsSWEET1b decreased glucose and galactose accumulation in leaves. ossweet1b mutants showed accelerated leaf senescence under natural and dark-induced conditions. Exogenous application of glucose and galactose complemented the defect of OsSWEET1b deletion-promoted senescence. Moreover, the senescence-activated transcription factor OsWRKY53, acting as a transcriptional repressor, genetically functions upstream of OsSWEET1b to suppress its expression. OsWRKY53-overexpressing plants had attenuated sugar accumulation, exhibiting a similar phenotype as the ossweet1b mutants. Our findings demonstrate that OsWRKY53 downregulates OsSWEET1b to impair its influx transport activity, leading to compromised sugar accumulation in the cytosol of rice leaves where sugar starvation promotes leaf senescence.
Bayesian calibration of quasi-static field distortions in HARMONI
Authors: Carracedo Carballal Gonzalo J , Piqueras López Javier , Pereira Santaella Miguel , Clarke Fraser 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The high angular resolution monolithic optical and near-infrared Integral field spectrograph is the first light visible and near-infrared integral field spectrograph for the Extremely Large Telescope. To reach the diffraction limit of the telescope (≈ 10 mas) and maintain an optimal image quality over long exposures, an accurate measurement of geometrical distortions in the instrument’s guide star field is needed. Geometrical distortions affecting the guide stars map directly to pointing errors of the science field. The systematic contribution to the pointing error can be calibrated and removed by a corrective model. In this work, we propose a formulation of the corrective model that aims to calibrate the geometrical field distortions down to a given target residual, as well as reducing the time spent in calibrations. We also propose a calibration procedure that accounts for the uncertainties of the measurement process. We developed a tool named harmoni-pm to simulate the expected pointing error caused by geometrical distortions and validate the effectiveness of the proposed corrective model. We also relied on pseudo Zernike polynomials to formulate the model, and the Bayesian theoretical framework to study the propagation of uncertainties along the calibration process. Compared with the classical calibration algorithm, the Bayesian calibration algorithm was able to reduce the number of calibration points required to reach the same model residual. Additionally, we were able to optimize the hardware of the Geometrical Calibration Unit and reduce the time required to achieve the calibration goal.