bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of the Malmström Vacuum Extractor in Operative Obstetrics
Authors: Bird G. C. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

One hundred and thirty‐five of a personal series of 233 vacuum extractions are described in detail and the whole series of 233 is summarised.
The vacuum extractor is considered safe for mother and baby. Poor foetal results are thought to be due to over‐persistence with the method and bad selection of cases.
The efficiency and versatility of the vacuum extractor is demonstrated and its use in operative obstetrics is discussed.
The writer does not think the time has yet come for the vacuum extractor to replace the forceps completely.
Acute Glomerulitis in Pregnancy
Authors: McQueen E. G. , Gwynne J. F. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:Six patients are reported in whom progressive renal insufficiency occurred during pregnancy.Renal biopsy shortly after delivery showed inflammatory lesions of the glomeruli in all patients.Hypertension and impairment of renal function tended to persist after delivery.Attention is drawn to the high foetal mortality and serious maternal morbidity resulting from acute glomerular lesions occurring during pregnancy.
Krukenberg Tumours in Pregnancy
Authors: Ward R. H. T. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:Two patients with Krukenberg tumours associated with pregnancy are described and the literature on the subject is briefly reviewed. The prognosis is very poor and any treatment can only be palliative, since the primary disease process is so advanced by the time of diagnosis. The chief site of the primary is usually the stomach and often the symptoms of vomiting and indigestion are related to the pregnancy itself. Since the prognosis is so hopeless, and because there is no evidence that pregnancy materially accelerates the disease, pregnancy should be allowed to continue to term after removal of the tumours.
The Treatment of Ovulatory Defects with Clomiphene
Authors: Grant Alan 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

Sixty‐three patients have been treated with clomiphene for ovulatory disorders; 41 patients suffered from anovulation or oligo‐ovulation with menses at intervals of 4 months or more, and 22 patients were treated for a short or abnormal luteal phase, a disorder which has a confusing and varied nomenclature as indicated in the text.
Eighty‐four per cent, of the patients with anovulation were cured as judged by two or more criteria of ovulation.
Thirty‐six per cent, of married patients achieved a pregnancy.
Twenty‐eight per cent, of ovulations resulted in the production of a corpus luteum with a life span of 10 days or less.
Approximately one‐third of patients treated for a naturally occurring short or abnormal luteal phase became pregnant.
Investigations on the effect of clomiphene on a poorly functioning corpus luteum (defective ovulation) suggest that this compound may have a wider therapeutic field than has previously been anticipated. For this purpose the compound was given after the end of menstruation; its effect at this time was superior to that obtained when administration was delayed until after ovulation had taken place.
The Process of Cervical Regeneration After ElectrocauterizationL:Part 2. Histochemical, Autoradiographic, and pH Study
Authors: Reid Bevan L. , Singer Albert , Coppleson Malcolm 
Published: February 2008

summaryDetailed studies were made of certain aspects of regenerating cells produced in response to destruction of cervical erosions by electrocautery. These aspects were local pH variarions by a polarographic technique, autoradiographic studies, studies of the formationof the epithelial basement membrane and phagocyte properties of the regenerating cells.The range of pH environment over the regenerating area was 7‐7.4. There was evidence indicating that lower values induced a keratinproducing epithelium and higher values induced a mucinproducing epithelium. Labelled thymidine incorporation showed desoxyribose nucleic acid sythesis to be active in cells migrating into the wounded area. It was especially active in presumptive squamous epithelium formed by these cells. Ribosenucleic acid synthesis and amino acid uptake was distributed throughout the regenerating tissue but was especially marked in new squamous epithelium.Evidence is presented that the basement membrane of the epithelium is produced by a restriction of the pericellular glycoprotein capsule of the migrating cells to their basal aspect. The capsule beneath each cell then joins its neighbours laterally.Regenerating cells are actively phagocytic toward spermatozoa.
Maternal Mortality in Fiji
Authors: Lancaster D. J. 
Published: February 2008

summaryAn outline of the medical services in the Fiji Islands is given with particular reference to the nature of the plural society of Fiji, medical and nursing training, and family planning services.The maternity services and the training of specialist obstetricians is discussed. The maternal death statistics of the 3 main hospitals are presented, 56 deaths occurring in 25,335 deliveries (incidence 2.21 per 1000 births).The causes of maternal death are outlined: haemorrhage, pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia were the main causes. lmportant factors which are associated with these deaths are discussed and corrective factors, both present and future, are outlined.The importance of preventive obstetrics, including efficient antenatal care with improvement in the general health of the mother, together with accurate recording and investigation of each maternal death is emphasised.
Eclampsia with Subsequent Massive Intravascular Haemolysis and Anuria
Authors: Singer Albert , Morgan Trefor 
Published: February 2008

Acute renal failure is a serious complication of pregnancy with a mortality rate of 40–60% (Sheehan and Moore, 1952; Ober et al, 1956; Blagg and Parsons, 1960).SUMMARYA case of eclampsia with subsequent in‐travascular haemolysis and anuria is reported.Information is presented concerning the administration of the hypotensive agent, Protoveratrine, and its possible implication in the haemolytic process.
A Clinical Trial of a New Low Dose Oral Contraceptive Compound
Authors: McBride W. G. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA new oral contraceptive compound (Norgestrel and ethinyl oestradiol) has been assessed in a clinical trial over a period of 12 months. The preparation has proved to be completely reliable, with minimal unpleasant side‐effects.The only serious side‐effect which may perhaps be attributed to the compound was the development of a superficial venous thrombosis in 1 of the 210 patients.The most important feature of the tablet is the low dose of steroid hormone ingested over the 21 days of medication ‐ 10.5 mg. of Norgestrel and 1.05 mg. of ethinyl oestradiol.
Stress Incontinence and the Combined Synchronous Vaginal‐Abdominal Operation in its Management
Authors: Truskett Ian D. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe physiology of micturition and the mechanisms involved in maintaining continence are briefly outlined.The place of a combined synchronous vaginal and suprapubic operation in the management of stress incontinence is discussed and one variant of such an operation is described.The importance of complete vaginal and suprapubic dissection of the urethra and bladder neck is stressed, particularly in patients with recurrence, before proceeding to surgical correction. It is in such patients that the synchronous operation is particularly recommended.
Haematocolpos
Authors: Sivasamboo R. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryTwenty‐two cases of haematocolpos are reported. Disturbances of micturition were prominent in the symptomatology. “Radiological examination disclosed patent tubes in 19 of the 20 patients who were investigated. The aetiology of the transverse septum at the vaginal outlet is discussed. The evidence obtained in this series supported the theory of invasion of primitive streak mesoderm.
Choriocarcinoma with Intact Pregnancy Report of a Case with Review of the Literature
Authors: Steigrad S. J. , James R. W. , Osborn R. A. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe literature concerning choriocarcinoma in association with an intact intrauterine pregnancy is reviewed and a further case reported.A detailed study of the placenta demonstrated a site of abnormal trophoblastic proliferation.
Uterine Artery Ligation in a Case of Placenta Accreta
Authors: Ton Keith B. Lay 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case of partial placenta accreta with post partum haemorrhage is described. The condition probably resulted from septic abortion and post abortal curettage causing decidual deficiency.Bilateral ligation of uterine vessels was successful in controlling the haemorrhage and allowed preservation of the uterus.
Lymph Node Metastases in Cancer of the Cervix Stage 1b*
Authors: Kolstad Per 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA survey is given of the shift in the stage distribution of cancer of the cervix as seen in the Norwegian Radium Hospital during the past 35 years. Today, approximately 45% of lesions are early Stage 1. Since treatment of cervical cancer in Norway to a large extent is centralized to this hospital, the absolute number of patients admitted with Stage 1 lesions now has reached approximately 150 a year.During the same time period there also has been a shift in the treatment methods, the routine procedure now being radium insertions followed 8 weeks later by radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In a series of 694 Stage lb lesions 20% lymph node metastases were found. Approximately 50% of the patients with metastases were cured. The crude survival rate of the total material was 83.5%. The follow‐up showed that 5.9% died of distant metastases, 1.4% of intercurrent disease, and 3.5% were found to have such an extensive spread during operation that a radical dissection was impossible. There were 2 post‐operative deaths (0.3%).Finally, it was observed that the adenomatous lesions seem to metastasize later but are slightly less radiosensitive than the squamous cell lesions.
Recent Investigations Concerning the Aetiology of Ectopic Pregnancies
Authors: Iffy L. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryEmbryos of early ectopic pregnancies have been compared with those obtained at the time of artificially induced abortion. The stage of development of the ectopic embryos indicated that conception had taken place several days after the biological mid‐cycle. The evidence has indicated that such delayed conceptions are followed by bleeding at the time of the next expected period.The results of this investigation offer support for the menstrual reflux theory; a concept that attributes ectopic displacement of the fertilized ovum to the mechanical effect of the menstrual flow.
Combined Extrauterine and Intrauterine Pregnancy
Authors: Kamal F. H. , El‐Tannir A. D. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case of combined intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy is reported.The initial diagnosis was that of threatened abortion at the eighth week of pregnancy. Signs of an acute surgical disturbance in the pelvis necessitated laparotomy 3 weeks later.A right tubal ectopic pregnancy was excised and the intrauterine pregnancy was terminated at the 37th week by Caesarean section for placenta praevia.
The Vasomotor Response of the Human Umbilical Cord Vessels to Changes in its External Thermal Environment*
Authors: Sinnathuray T. A. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryPerfusion studies conducted on fresh isolated segments of the human umbilical cord show that the umbilical vessels display a remarkable intrinsic property of vasomotor response to changes in external thermal environment.The umbilical artery is much more responsive than the umbilical vein; both vessels consistently exhibit vasoconstriction on cooling and vasodilatation on re‐warming.
Invasive Carcinoma of the Vulva Current Views on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Cavanagh Denis , Desai Sharayu 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARY

An analysis of 50 patients with invasive carcinoma of the vulva seen in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Miami School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, from January 1, 1955, to August 1, 1965, is presented.
Predisposing conditions such as leukoplakia (6 patients), granulomatous disease (2 patients) and syphilis (2 patients) were noted in 10 patients (20%). Two patients were pregnant.
Use of the Collins test in patients with leukoplakia and other lesions of the vulva is suggested for the purpose of selecting optimum biopsy sites.
Radical vulvectomy, bilateral groin and/or pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 30 patients; in addition to ilio‐femoral lymphadenectomy, pelvic exenteration was performed in 3 patients. There was one death attributed to the operation (3%).
Significant post‐operative complications were wound breakdown in 30 (91%), rupture of the femoral artery 3 (9%), rupture of the femoral vein 1 (3%), and persistent leg oedema in 3 (9%).
No meaningful 5‐year survival rate statistics are available, but 1‐year survival rates were as follows: 4 of 11 patients with positive lymph nodes, and 16 of 22 patients with negative lymph nodes. For 40 patients with McKelvey 1‐3 lesions the 1‐year survival was 65%. Of 10 patients treated palliatively only, 1 survived the first year.
Lymphography was useful in predicting nodal metastases in 17 of 20 patients (85%).
No patient with negative groin nodes had positive pelvic nodes and so the wisdom of “routine” pelvic lymphade‐nectomy is in doubt.
Biphasic Effects of Oxytocin on Human Uterine and Tube Motility
Authors: Nakanishi H. , Wood Carl 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe effects of syntocin, pituitrin and pitressin on the human nonpregnant and pregnant myometrium and fallopian tube were studied in vitro.1. Syntocin had a biphasic effect on nonpregnant myometrium. Relatively low doses (0.1 to 20 mU/ml.) of syntocin usually produced a slight excitation, while more than 100 mU/ml. of syntocin always produced an inhibition. In contrast, 0.1 to 200 mU/ml. of syntocin always produced excitation of the pregnant uterus.2. Pituitrin also had a biphasic effect on nonpregnant myometrium; 0.1 to 20 mU/ml. of pituitrin usually produced a slight excitation, while high doses (more than 100 mU/ml.) of pituitrin frequently produced inhibition.3. On the other hand, a wide‐range of doses (0.4 mU/ml. to 200 mU/ml.) of pitressin always produced excitation of nonpregnant and pregnant myometrium.4. “Syntocin (0.1 to 100 mU/ml.) had an inhibitory effect on both the nonpregnant and pregnant fallopian tube. However, the inhibitory effect of syntocin was converted into an excitatory effect after prolonged exposure (more than 7 hours) in Krebs‐Ringer's solution at 37oC.
Meconium Contamination of the Amniotic Fluid in Labour
Authors: Johnson Douglas G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. A prospective series of 254 patients who developed meconium staining of the liquor in labour is presented. The incidence of this sign was 18%.2. One‐third of the patients delivered spontaneously less than 30 minutes after meconium contamination was detected. Antepartum detection of the foetus at risk may improve the perinatal mortality in this group.3. In two‐thirds of the patients there was time for re‐assessment of the labour and for operative delivery when indicated. Thus in 11 % of all pregnancies meconium contamination will occur sufficiently early in labour for foetal acid‐base studies to be performed and acted upon. The implications of this are discussed.4. Prolonged pregnancy was a common but not a serious complication in this series.5. The wisdom of disregarding meconium contamination in breech presentations is questioned.
A Simpler Technique of Uterine Lavage for the Study of Endometrial Cytology
Authors: Barbaro Charles 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA simpler technique of aspiration lavage of the uterine cavity is described in which, by rapid aspiration, air from the endomet‐rial cavity is replaced by irrigating fluid.The principle of the technique and the apparatus employed is described with emphasis on its simplicity of action. Endo‐metrial cells are obtained in more than 90% of cases and accuracy of the cytology report in relation to the histology approaches 85%.The clinical applications are enumerated.
A Survey of 5,000 Consecutive Deliveries in Private Practice
Authors: Correy J. F. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA study has been made of 5,000 consecutive pregnancies in booked patients in the care of the writer in private hospitals in Hobart over the period 1954–1966.A statistical survey of the complications of pregnancy and labour in this material is given.The management routines during the antenatal period and in labour have been presented briefly and reference is made to difficulties of adequate data recording in certain conditions.
Shute's Parallel Forceps — An Australian Experience
Authors: Wilson L. Hardy 
Published: February 2008

Summary and ConclusionsShute's parallel forceps are described together with the technique required for their use.Experience with 76 “difficult” vaginal deliveries is recorded.The advantages of the instrument are described. They are comparable to Kiel‐land's forceps, but are easier to apply and rotation and delivery can be carried out with great ease, usually with local anaesthesia. There is a minimum of trauma to the fetus and a pleasing lack of disfigurement to its face and scalp.
Peripheral Plasma 11 ‐ Deoxy ‐ 17 ‐ Oxosteroids: Alterations during Pregnancy
Authors: Hankin Margaret E. , Cox R. I. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe peripheral plasma levels of 17‐0times0‐steroids were measured serially by gas chromatography during pregnancy for 11 healthy primigravidae and compared with non‐pregnancy values. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and androsterone sulphate decreased markedly and progressively during pregnancy, the most rapid change being in the first trimester. Aetiocholanolone sulphate was undetectable. There was no variation in levels during the menstrual cycle. The changes in DHEA‐S are consistent with the increased utilization for fetoplacental synthesis and haemodilution.
Surgical Conditions Complicating Pregnancy Part 2. Diseases of the Gall‐Bladder and Pancreas
Authors: O'Neill James P. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryAfter acute appendicitis, gall‐bladder disease is the common surgical condition seen by the obstetrician. Despite this, the literature on the subject is remarkably sparse.Twenty‐one patients were seen over a 14 year period; their clinical features and treatment have been reviewed, and debatable aspects discussed.Acute pancreatitis is a less common but often more dramatic complication, which may be difficult to diagnose with certainty. Six cases were seen, and their features have been compared with others reported in the literature.
Racial Factors in Invasive Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Jameson M. H. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryDuring a 20 year period, 1116 patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix were treated. Of these, 147 were Polynesians and 967 were non‐Polynesian. None was lost to follow‐up.The 5 year survival of Polynesians is poorer than for non‐Polynesians. The reason for this is found in the delay in presenting for treatment and thus the later stage at diagnosis.The incidence is greater in Polynesians and the age at onset is one decade earlier, but these may be socio‐economic influences rather than purely racial ones.A general improvement in presentation at an earlier stage of the disease has been demonstrated for both races.
Torsion of a Colonic Fibroma Complicating Pregnancy
Authors: Atlay Robert D. , Cuschieri Alfred 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA woman 22 weeks pregnant presented clinically with a classical picture of acute appendicitis; at laparotomy, torsion of a colonic fibroma was found. This is an extremely rare cause of an acute abdomen, whether or not there is a coexisting pregnancy.
Placenta Percreta Presenting as Intra‐Abdominal Antepartum Haemorrhage
Authors: Welch Ian D. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case is reported of placenta percreta presenting as an antepartum intra‐peritoneal haemorrhage at 32‐34 weeks in a New Guinea woman. The patient had a history of previous partial placenta accreta and postpartum haemorrhage treated conservatively. The warning signs of abdominal pain, usually with progressive anaemia, occurring during pregnancy in a woman with a suspicious history of previous third stage trouble, may alert the obstetrician to this rare condition.
Placenta Praevia Accreta
Authors: Fahmy Kamal 
Published: February 2008

SummaryFive cases of placenta praevia accreta are reported. One patient was managed by total hysterectomy, and the other 4 by conservative measures. These cases bring the number reported to 100. The accretic process in placenta praevia was mainly the result of deficient decidual reaction in the lower segment; another common predisposing factor is the presence of a previous Caesarean section scar. Placenta praevia accreta may be associated with primary or secondary haemorrhage, uterine perforation or rupture, acute hypofibrinogenaemia, and intra‐uterine infection. The best treatment is total hysterectomy as this results in the lowest maternal mortality. However, the uterus might be conserved in some cases by the use of packing, and uterine and/or internal iliac artery ligation.
Choriocarcinoma in Uganda –A Case for Active Prophylaxis
Authors: Smith P. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA review of 48 patients with choriocarcinoma was carried out. In this series, age and parity increased the risk of choriocarcinoma following on a hydatidiform mole. In view of the inadequate follow‐up of patients with molar pregnancies in this country, a policy of active prophylaxis – hysterectomy with chemotherapy – has been adopted in our hospital.
Fused Bilateral Adeno‐Fibromata of the Ovaries – A Report of a Case
Authors: Traill M. A. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case of bilateral ovarian adeno‐fibromata with fusion across the mid‐line is presented.Whilst bilateral adeno‐fibromata are not particularly rare, for them to become fused across the mid‐line would appear to be uncommon.
The Value of Urinary Oestriol Estimation in Patients with Antepartum Haemorrhage
Authors: Beischer N. A. , Reid S. , Brown J. B. , Macafee C. A. J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe clinical results and patterns of urinary oestriol excretion in 139 consecutive patients with antepartum haemorrhage are presented. The perinatal mortality rate was 14.8% in the 54 patients with low oestriol excretion and was 4.7% in those with normal oestriol excretion.Persistently low oestriol values indicated the advisability of delivery before 37 weeks of gestation in 2 of the 36 patients with placentae praevia. In abruptio placentae the incidence of low oestriol excretion was quadruple that of a normal population, and 12 of 43 patients had consistently low oestriol values. Induction of labour was carried out because of low oestriol values alone in only 2 of 60 patients in whom the cause of bleeding was undetermined.Urinary oestriol estimation is of value in selecting the optimum time for delivery in patients with mild to moderate antepartum haemorrhage.
Reactions of Women to Perinatal Death
Authors: Giles P. F. H. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryForty women who had just lost babies in the perinatal period showed emotional and physical reactions similar to those seen following the death of a loved person.The needs of these bereaved women, the effect of bereavement on mental and physical health, and the importance of mourning are discussed.Although doctors treated the women's physical symptoms and prescribed sedatives liberally, in about half the cases they avoided discussing the death of the baby. These women need a sympathetic listener and his reassuring explanations to remove misconceptions and guilt, and to provide confidence for the future.