bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The renin‐angiotensin system during converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in patients with severe treatment‐resistant hypertension
Authors: RASMUSSEN STEN , NIELSEN META DAMKJÆR , IBSEN HANS , LETH ARNE , GIESE JØRN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of captopril on blood pressure (BP) and various components of the renin‐angiotensin system was assessed in ten severely hypertensive patients. Captopril acutely reduced the BP with a maximum decrease of 23% at 90–120 min.Maintenance treatment with captopril alone could not control the BP in any of the patients. Addition of hydrochlorothiazide markedly reduced the BP, while supplementation with propranolol caused no consistent changes.Three patients attained a supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) ≤90 mmHg. Only two patients had a fall in SDBP less than 10 mmHg. One patient stopped because of taste disturbances.Monitoring the renin‐angiotensin system showed suppressed plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and increased levels of angiotensin I and renin, indicating the inhibition of converting enzyme activity. Plasma concentration of renin substrate decreased significantly. This observation has important implications for the methodology of renin assays.Captropril is an effective alternative in the treatment of hypertensive patients not readily controlled with conventional therapy.
Immune complex‐like material in the serum and plasma exchange in patients with metastatic cancer
Authors: KRIEGER G. , BEYER J.‐H. , KEHL A. , KNEBA M. , KABOTH U. , NAGEL G. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Clinical significance of immune complex‐like material in the serum was investigated in tumour patients undergoing plasma exchange with albuminsaline solution and subsequent chemotherapy. Immune complexes were detected by the C1q binding assay or the Raji cell radioimmunoassay in nine out of forty‐five patients before this therapy.Levels of immune complexes were decreased to 10–30% of the initial value by plasma exchange depending on exchanged plasma volume. In contrast to other serumproteins like α1‐antitrypsin and α2‐macroglobulin, which showed protein specific increase during follow up after plasma exchange in all patients, recovery rates of immune complexes and IgG were highly individual but parallel in each patient.Clinical response to this protocol did not correlate with immune complex status, suggesting that removal of the measured immune complex like material had little clinical significance or was not longlasting enough to provide therapeutic benefit.
Effect of ciprofibrate treatment on biliary lipids in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia
Authors: ANGELIN BO , EINARSSON KURT , LEIJD BARBRO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Treatment with hypolipidaemic drugs such as clofibrate increases secretion of biliary cholesterol and induces supersaturation of bile, leading to an increased risk of gallstone formation. Ciprofibrate is a phenoxyisobutyrate derivative with lipid‐lowering effects in hyperlipoproteinaemia. We analysed serum lipid levels and biliary lipid composition and cholesterol saturation of gallbladder bile in nineteen hyperli‐poproteinaemic patients before and after 6 weeks treatment with ciprofibrate, 100 mg daily. In addition, hepatic secretion rates of biliary lipids were determined in eight of the patients. Ten of the patients were also studied after 1 year of treatment.Short‐term treatment reduced the serum cholesterol levels by about 20% (P < 0·001) and the serum triglycerides by about 40% (P < 0·001). The relative cholesterol concentration and cholesterol saturation of bile were not significantly increased for the group as a whole, nor in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (n= 9), or with other types of hyperlipidaemia (n= 10). During treatment, however, fourteen patients had saturated bile compared with nine before treatment. An increase in cholesterol saturation was the consequence of an increased hepatic secretion of cholesterol whereas the secretion rates of bile acids and phospholipids were unaffected.After 1 year of treatment the serum lipid concentrations were reduced to about the same level as after 6 weeks, whereas biliary lipid composition and cholesterol saturation had returned to pre‐treatment values.In contrast to clofibrate ciprofibrate exerts hypolipidaemic effects without consistently increasing the relative cholesterol concentration in bile. In some patients it leads to a transient rise in cholesterol saturation of gallbladder bile. This effect is due to an enhanced secretion of cholesterol probably because of a mobilization of tissue cholesterol.
Direct and indirect measurement of urinary kallikrein excretion in patients with essential hypertension and normotensives: relation to age and plasma renin and aldosterone levels
Authors: KOOLEN M. I. , DAHA M. R. , FRÖLICH M. , ES L. A. VAN , BRUMMELEN P. VAN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The relevance of age and activity of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system to the excretion of urinary kallikrein (Ukal) was studied in twenty‐five patients with essential hypertension and forty normotensive controls. The age range for both study groups was 20–60 years. Ukal was measured by radioimmunoassay and by an amidolytic assay. Results of both assays correlated closely (r= 0·93, n= 65, P < 0·001). For all hypertensives Ukal excretion was not significantly different from that of controls. However, older hypertensives (> 40 years, n= 13) had a significantly lower Ukal excretion than normotensives of the same age (n= 20) (radioimmunoassay 67·2 (SEM 7·2) v. 105·1 (SEM 8·4) μg (24 h)‐1; and amidolytic method 0·84 (SEM 0·10) v. 1·13 (SEM 0·08) U (24 h)‐1). No correlation was found between Ukal excretion and plasma renin or aldosterone. In fact, the aldosterone level was highest in older hypertensives.In conclusion, the lower Ukal excretion in hypertensives over 40 is likely to be secondary to the long‐standing high blood pressure. Under basal conditions, Ukal excretion seems little influenced by the activity of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system.
Biochemical changes in parenchymal lung tissue associated with posttraumatic respiratory failure
Authors: NERLICH ANDREAS G. , NERLICH MICHAEL L. , JOACHIM HANS , MÜLLER PETER K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. We analysed the composition of parenchymal lung tissue from eleven multiply injured patients who died of protracted respiratory failure after an accident and six normal lungs. Lung wet and dry weights, protein, DNA, RNA and collagen amounts were determined in the lungs.Concentrations per dry weight of all parameters revealed only minor changes. Since there was a marked, time‐dependent increase in both wet and dry weight, total lung contents of all components showed highly significant increases with survival time. Protein and RNA contents were elevated linearly in all patients, whereas DNA and collagen increased only in patients surviving more than 2 weeks. No correlation existed between biochemical data and a morphological fibrosis score, while morphometrically estimated cellularity and DNA concentration agreed well.Our results provide evidence that the reparative process for lung injury associated with traumatic shock is a tissue remodelling involving all tissue components in the long run.
Size and strength of the quadriceps muscles of old and young women*
Authors: YOUNG A. , STOKES M. , CROWE M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Muscle weakness and wasting may be evaluated objectively by dynamometry and compound ultrasound imaging. We have measured the voluntary isometric strength of the quadriceps muscles of healthy women in their 70s (n= 25) and in their 20s (n= 25) and have compared it with the mid‐thigh cross‐sectional area of the same muscles.The two groups of women showed similar variability when strength was measured on consecutive days (coefficients of variation: 8%). The older women were 35% weaker than the young women (P < 0·001) and their quadriceps cross‐sectional area was 33% less (P < 0·001). Quadriceps strength and cross‐sectional area were correlated (r= 0·66, P < 0·001, elderly; r= 0·53, P < 0·01, young) and the principal axis of the relationship was closely similar for the two groups of women. There is therefore no difference in the intrinsic strength of the quadriceps muscles of healthy women in their third and eighth decades.This report also provides normative data for the objective evaluation of quadriceps weakness and/or wasting in female patients. The techniques involved are straightforward, the dynamometer is easily made, and compound ultrasound imaging is widely available.
A glucose transfer from membrane glycoconjugates to haemoglobin in isolated young red blood cells: another biosynthetic way for glycosylated haemoglobins
Authors: GILLERY PHILIPPE , MAQUART FRANÇOIS‐XAVIER , CORCY JEAN‐MARC , RANDOUX ALAIN , BOREL JACQUES PAUL 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Human red blood cells (RBC) are separated by centrifugation into young and old ones, as demonstrated by lower enzymatic activities and lower potassium content of the older ones. The young RBC fraction represents 5% of total RBC. After incubation for 24 h in a neutral buffer, the young RBC HbA1c content increases significantly from 4·2 to 5·2% of total Hb. No increase is found in the case of old RBC. When young RBC have been extracted for 1 h by a neutral buffer prior to incubation, there is no more increase of HbA1c.The extract contains a glycoconjugate that is both soluble in neutral buffers and in chloroform. A glycolipid extractable from the young RBC membrane contributes to HbA1c formation but disappears from old RBC, in which glycosylation by free glucose occurs. These processes are stereospecific.
Control of the acute‐phase serum amyloid A and C‐reactive protein response: comparison of total replacement of the hip and knee
Authors: MAURY C. P. J. , TEPPO A.‐M. , RAUNIO P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The acute‐phase serum protein response induced by arthroplasty of the knee was compared with that induced by arthroplasty of the hip in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Total replacement of the knee (n= 13) caused a markedly greater serum amyloid A protein (SAA) (P<0·001) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (P<0·001) elevation that did total replacement of the hip (n=13). This effect was not merely due to the use of tourniquet in the knee arthroplasties, since synovectomy of the knee, matched for the duration of the use of tourniquet, induced an SAA response that was significantly lower (P<0·001) than that caused by replacement of the knee; the SAA response after knee synovectomy was similar to that after hip arthroplasty. The kinetics and magnitude of the SAA response in patients with reactive amyloidosis were similar to those found in RA patients without amyloidosis.The results show that replacement of the knee is a stronger stimulator of SAA and CRP elevation than replacement of the hip. Thus, total replacement of the knee, possibly due to the performance of the arthroplasty under ischaemic conditions, appears to be more traumatic to the organism than total replacement of the hip.
Platelets during alimentary hyperlipaemia induced by cream and cod liver oil
Authors: NORDØY A. , LAGARDE M. , RENAUD S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Healthy male subjects were given 100 g lipids as cream or cod liver oil. They were examined before and during alimentary hyperlipaemia. Cream increased platelet coagulant activity in plasma and reduced it in washed platelets. Both meals increased platelet sensitivity to thrombin and collagen. Cod liver oil reduced the uptake of arachidonic acid (AA) in platelets. Washed platelets prelabelled with [14C]‐AA increased radioactivity 10‐fold in free fatty acids (FFA) by exposure to thrombin [2 U (109 platelets)‐1] for 20 s. This increase was augmented by cod liver oil. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were the most significant donors of AA during thrombin stimulation. By exposure of prelabelled washed platelets to thrombin [0·3 U (109 platelets)‐1] for 4 min the percentage distribution of [14C]‐AA increased after cod liver oil in FFA plus the products of AA metabolism formed by the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways.This study indicates that intake of a meal rich in lipids induces acute disturbances in platelets that may favour thrombosis. These effects were observed after intake of both saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Acute effect of smoking on fibrinolysis: increase in the activity level of circulating extrinsic (tissue‐type) plasminogen activator*
Authors: ALLEN R. A. , KLUFT C. , BROMMER E. J. P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The acute effect of cigarette smoking on the fibrinolytic enzyme system in blood was studied. It was found imperative to have an initial 30 min rest period, after venipuncture, to obtain a stable baseline in the fibrinolytic studies.The average heart rate, in inhaling smokers, increased from 64 to a peak of 79 beats min‐1 5–10 min after commencement of smoking. A peak in fibrinolytic activity was found to occur later, at 22·5 min. Analysis of the increase in fibrinolytic activity revealed no demonstrable activation of intrinsic systems via factor XII, nor changes in plasminogen, prekallikrein and C1‐inactivator. No plasmin‐α2‐antiplasmin complexes were detectable. The increase (P<0·01) was found to be due to extrinsic (tissue‐type) plasminogen activator, revealed as C1‐inactivator‐resistant plasminogen activator activity, and further identified by quenching with anti‐tissue plasminogen activator IgG.Thus, smoking appears to elicit a significant increase in the level of activity of circulating extrinsic plasminogen activator.
Enhanced fibrinolytic activity during cardiopulmonary bypass in open‐heart surgery in man is caused by extrinsic (tissue‐type) plasminogen activator
Authors: STIBBE JEANNE , KLUFT CORNELIUS , BROMMER EMILE J. P. , GOMES MARIA , JONG DICK S. DE , NAUTA JAN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The nature of the enhanced blood fibrinolytic activity which is known to occur during cardiopulmonary bypass is not understood. We show here that the cause is an increase in extrinsic (tissue‐type) plasminogen activator.In six patients, the nature of the enhanced blood fibrinolytic activity that evolved during cardiopulmonary bypass was characterized by differential inhibition using the fibrin plate method and was shown to be C1‐inactivator‐resistant (extrinsic‐activator activity). The C1‐inactivator‐resistant‐activator activity was completely quenched by an antibody against extrinsic (tissue‐type) plasminogen activator but not by antiurokinase, proving that the activity was due to the presence of extrinsic (tissue‐type) plasminogen activator. The concentration of extrinsic (tissue‐type) plasminogen activator increased during cardiopulmonary bypass and disappeared rapidly thereafter. Fibrinogen, plasminogen and α2‐antiplasmin were not consumed during cardiopulmonary bypass, while no increase or occasionally a moderate one in fibrinogen degradation products occurred. This is in accord with the property of extrinsic (tissue‐type) plasminogen activator which activates plasminogen predominantly at sites where fibrin is present and not in the free circulation.
Effects of potassium supplementation on insulin binding and insulin action in human obesity: protein‐modified fast and refeeding
Authors: NORBIATO GUIDO , BEVILACQUA MAURIZIO , MERONI RACHELE , RAGGI UMBERTO , DAGANI REGINA , SCORZA DANIELE , FRIGENI GIULIO , VAGO TARCISIO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. To investigate the role of potassium deficiency in the development of glucose intolerance during caloric deprivation, potassium balance was maintained within normality with oral potassium supplementation in a group of obese subjects who underwent protein‐modified fast and the results of the study of carbohydrate metabolism (oral glucose test, insulin receptors on monocytes and peripheral glucose utilization as assessed by euglycaemic clamp) were compared with those obtained in a group of obese subjects admitted to protein‐modified fast without potassium supplementation.Caloric deprivation without oral potassium supplementation was followed by a negative potassium balance and a decrease of serum potassium levels; a decrease of the peripheral levels of insulin along with an increase in insulin receptors and a striking reduction of peripheral glucose utilization were also observed. The maintenance of normal potassium balance and normal serum potassium levels with oral potassium‐chloride supplementation was associated with higher peripheral levels of insulin (P < 0·01) and improvement of peripheral glucose utilization (P < 0·01) whereas the binding of insulin to monocytes was unchanged. The data suggest that potassium depletion during protein‐modified fast causes a decrease of the peripheral levels of insulin and a resistance to insulin action at the postreceptors sites which is reversed by potassium supply.
Effect of ovulation on haem metabolism in rabbits
Authors: LINDAHL JÜRGEN , WERNER BJÖRN , LERNER RICHARD 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. To investigate the origin of the cyclic changes in the rate of endogenous carbon‐monoxide production (&#x006e;&#x030a;CO) during the menstrual cycle, haem turnover was determined before and after chorion gonadotropic hormone‐induced ovulation in six female rabbits. 14C‐labelled delta‐aminolevulinic acid and glycine were administered and the excretion rate of 14CO (Å14CO) was measured for determination of hepatic and bone‐marrow haem turnover, respectively. Carbonmonoxide production (&#x006e;&#x030a;CO) was measured to estimate total haem turnover.After ovulation Å14CO was increased significantly the first 2 h of the early labelled peak after 14C‐ALA administration and was increased also at the first determination during the early peak after 14C‐glycine but statistically not significantly. The total excretion of labelled CO during the period of the early labelled peak was not increased with any of these precursors for haem synthesis. On the other hand &#x006e;&#x030a;CO was increased 34% (P < 0·05) during the post‐ovulation period.As the increase in ‘unassigned’ haem turnover was small and may be unaccompanied by a contemporary increase in bilirubin/CO production, it was concluded that the increase in &#x006e;&#x030a;CO during the post‐ovulation period essentially depends on increased destruction of circulating red cells in the rabbit.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide stimulation of prolactin release and renin activity in normal man and patients with hyperprolactinaemia: effects of pretreatment with bromocriptine and dexamethazone
Authors: LIGHTMAN STAFFORD L. , UNWIN ROBERT J. , GRAHAM KENNETH , DIMALINE RODNEY , MCGARRICK GAIL 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was infused into normal volunteers and patients with hyperprolactinaemia. Heart rate increased from 62 pL 3 to 75 pL 3 beats min‐1 (P= 0·001) in controls and from 70 pL 2 to 78 pL 3 beats min‐1 (P= 0·001) in hyperprolactinaemics. Similarly, haematocrit increased from 38 pL 2 to 44 pL 1% (P= 0·001) and from 40 pL 1 to 43 pL 2% (P= 0·002) and plasma renin activity from 910 pL 59 to a peak of 3344 pL 282 pg ml‐1 h‐1 (P= 0·001) and from 1577 pL 671 to a peak of 4954 pL 1364 pg ml‐1 h‐1 (P= 0·001) in the two groups, respectively. Prolactin concentrations rose in the control group only, from 134 pL 11 to a peak of 377 pL 35 mU l‐1 (P= 0·001), whilst in the hyperprolactinaemics little change occurred from the pre‐infusion concentration of 3873 pL 2179 reaching a peak of 3998 pL 2347 mU l‐1 (P > 0·07).In separate studies, the normal subjects were pretreated with either bromocriptine or dexamethazone. Dexamethazone did not alter any parameter of the response to VIP. Bromocriptine did not affect the heart rate, haematocrit or renin response to VIP but clearly inhibited the rise in prolactin which remained at unmeasurable concentrations throughout the infusion.
Abnormality of adenylate cyclase regulation in human platelet membranes in renal insufficiency
Authors: JACOBSSON B. , RANSNÄS L. , NYBERG G. , BERGH C.‐H. , MAGNUSSON Y. , HJALMARSON Å. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Adenylate cyclase in human platelets is under dual control of prostaglandins (PGI2 and PGE1) and catecholamines. The adenylate cyclase complex in membranes of platelets from ten patients with uraemia was investigated. The activation of the platelet cyclase by PGEi is increased in the uraemic state, Vmax 4436 ± 607 pmol cAMP mg‐1 15 min‐1. In the normal state Vmax is 2098 ± 309 pmol cAMP mg‐1 15 min‐1. The alpha2‐adrenergic receptor was assayed with 3H‐yohimbine binding. The density of receptors was equal in the uraemic (175 fmol mg‐1 membrane protein) and the normal (170 fmol mg‐1 membrane protein) states. Norepinephrine/3H‐yohimbine competition binding revealed that catecholamines were bound with normal affinity in platelets in uraemia. Yet the inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the alpha2–adrenergic receptor was diminished since Vmax values of adenylate cyclase with PGE1 and PGE2+ norepineprine did not significantly differ. In the normal state, norepinephrine significantly (P < 0·05) inhibited the PGE1 stimulated cyclase.It is concluded that platelet adenylate cyclase in the uraemia has an increased capacity for activation which is the result of both a sensitized stimulatory mechanism (prostaglandin mediated) and a deficient inhibitory mechanism (catecholamine mediated). It is suggested that a defect exists in the inhibitory nucleotide binding protein (N1) which is the coupling unit between the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit (C).
Active and acid‐activable inactive rennin during inhibition by indomethacin of prostaglandin synthesis in sodium‐replete man
Authors: LIJNEN P. , STAESSEN J. , FAGARD R. , GROESENEKEN D. , M'BUYAMBA‐KABANGU J. R. , GRAUWELS R. , AMERY A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin on active renin and on acid‐activable inactive renin was studied in nine healthy, sodium‐replete men, both at rest and exercise. These volunteers were investigated after pretreatment with placebo or indomethacin, 150 mg daily for 3 days.Indomethacin induced a decrease in active (P= 0·004), total (P < 0·001) and inactive (P= 0·02) renin at rest recumbent and at rest, sitting. Inhibition of prostaglandins with indomethacin reduced (P < 0·001) active and total renin at each level of work load but not (P= 0·32) inactive renin. However the exercise‐induced stimulation (P < 0·05) of active and of total renin still occur during indomethacin.Indomethacin reduced (P < 0·001) at rest, sitting and at maximal exercise the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive prostaglandins E2, prostaglandin F2α, and 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin Fα; the urinary excretion of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 and F2α were also reduced.