bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Core Flooding Experiments Using Indigenous Microbes
Authors: Sugihardjo Sugihardjo , Legowo E. H. , Partomo Partomo , Pratomo S. W. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is well-known as a developing and promising method to improve the oil recovery through microbial's activities. The basic theory behind this is very simple. Specifically selected suitable nutrients are introduced into the producing formation near the wellbore. When the well is shut-in, after nutrients injection, the microbes are encouraged to produce biometabolites and extend colonization outward into the producing formation. Bioproduction of solvent, polymer, and surfactant is done in-situ. when the well is put into production, the fluids flow toward the wellbore, and result in increasing oil recovery.
MEOR had been applied in some old oil fields in Indonesia, such as Prabumulih field (1992), Klamono and Kawengan fields (1993). By that time, a research group was set up to conduct an intensive research on MEOR in LEMIGAS. Samples were collected from Indonesian oil fields, i.e. Rantau, Jambi, Prabumulih, Cirebon, and Cepu fields. Several potential microbes were identified. However, for the first priority microbes from Cepu fields only were further tested in coreflooding. Beside that, variety of medium were formulated to promote bi-osurfactant, biosolvents, and bioacid production.
To simulate the MEOR processes, coreflood experiments were conducted using standard and native cores, and activated microbes from Cepu oil field at reservoir conditions. The mixed cultures were injected into core sample, after completing a waterflood. The core was shut in to let microbes to produce bi-ometabolites. Nutrient or brine was then injected as a post flood. The injection results indicated that the oil recovery increased 10% to 60% of Sor. SEM and X-ray analyses results revealed no damage on the core samples. The permeability test, after the injection of microbes, showed an insignificant decrease on the standard cores. The decrease was significant, however, for the native cores.
A New Effective Method of Maintaining "Hole Gauge" using Synthetic Diamond Enhanced Inserts on Downhole Drilling Tools
Authors: Crowe J. R. W. , Toohey W. G. , Holt Jonathan 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This paper presents a new concept in the application of synthetically manufactured Shaped Diamond Enhanced Inserts (SDEI), on an innovative range of downhole drilling tools. The main points for discussion will highlight the major advantages in using these materials in the following applications.
Firstly, the ability to offer both gauge protection and hole reaming capability with a single design, while maintaining well bore quality. Secondly, the increased performance and beneficial aspects when compared to existing gauge protection methods. Thirdly, the economic advantages in applying this technology.
A full discussion will be made on the development, concept and the strategic application of Synthetic Diamond Enhanced Inserts. The increased performance capabilities and beneficial opportunities for economic savings will also be highlighted through operational data relating directly to applications of this technology.
Horizontal Drilling Experience in the Panna Field
Authors: Ghosh Kallole , Wali Vinod K. , Brumbaugh Alan J. , Jaggi Anil , Baca Jeff , Murthy R. K. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
A horizontal drilling program was initiated in the Panna field off the west coast of India during mid 1997 to tap the 20 m thick oil column in the Bassein limestone reservoir. There were formidable challenges – planning trajectories, choosing drilling fluids, steering, preventing the fragile time-dependent shale sections from sloughing in the high angle holes, formation evaluation, completion and the presence of up to 500 ppm H2S. The goal was to execute an accelerated development drilling program by drilling low cost, high quality wells from preinstalled platforms. Earlier directional and limited horizontal drilling experience in the field during the late eighties and early nineties had encountered significant drilling problems. By careful review of data and past practices, and aided by state of art equipment and services, the present drilling campaign has achieved significant improvement in drilling efficiencies and performance.
Drilling the First Ultra Deepwater Wells Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Jenkins R. W. , Schmidt D. A. , Stokes D. , Ong D. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This paper will address all of the planning and logistical issues involved with drilling the first ultra deepwater wells off the coast of Malaysia. Murphy Sabah Oil recently contracted the Diamond Offshore Ocean Baroness to drill wells in water depths ranging from 1300 m to 2000 m of water.
Since a moored rig was used for the project long range planning and engineering was required to moor the rig in world record mooring depths without any boats or contractors in the area with ultra deepwater mooring experience.
Well design and strategy required the initial string of conductor casing to be placed at depths exceeding 750 m below the mudline. Due to possible high pore pressures, the riserless section was designed to be drilled with water based mud. The paper will address the logistical and planning issues involved with transporting mud volumes offshore in excess of 15000 bbls in an area without deepwater logistical support. The selection and procurement of proper "deepwater" cement will also be discussed. Synthetic based mud was also a part of the drilling strategy. Since synthetic fluids had never been used before in this area, the planning phase for this fluid requirement will offer several lessons learned for industry.
Well design was further complicated by an abnormally high temperature profile that brought on several well design and strategy issues.
The well was also the initial project for a recently upgraded rig, which added to the complexity of the mobilization along with commissioning requirements. The rig had minimal downtime during the project.
New Shock Resistant Cement Reduces the Required Time for Side-Tracking from KickOff Cement Plugs
Authors: Babasheikh Amjad , Hun Christian , Cunningham Erick , Helou Husam 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The process of sidetracking an existing borehole with a balanced cement plug has historically been time consuming and problematic for the drilling industry. In many instances long drilling times or even multiple plugs are required to achieve the objective of sidetracking the well. These problems lead to increased drilling time and increased cost for the operator. Traditional cement slurry systems for sidetrack applications have been focused on the development of high compressive strength through reduced water content. Conventional high compressive strength cement systems exhibit low resistance to impact and low resistance to fracture propagation through the set cement. Recent developments in oil well cement system have incorporated a unique micro-ribbon technology with an optimized particle size distribution to increase the durability, load bearing capacity and resistance to fracture propagation of set cement. Field tests with these cement systems have shown substantial improvements over conventional cement slurries in terms of plug success rate and time required to achieve the objective of sidetracking the well. These improvements have resulted in significant reductions in the total cost of the operation of sidetracking wells. This paper will discuss the improved mechanical properties of these new cement systems and the success of the numerous field tests
Foam Cementing on the Eldfisk Field: A Case Study
Authors: Green K. , Johnson P. G. , Hobberstad Rune 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Data gathered from 15 (5 conventional, 10 foam) production wells on the Eldfisk field in the North Sea indicate that foam cement outperforms conventional cement for zonal isolation and dynamic curing of losses.
Drilling in a highly fractured reservoir presents problems related to losses and providing effective zonal isolation across the producing interval. Nearly all recent wells drilled in the Eldfisk Field have encountered losses in the magnitude of 250 to 300 bbl/hr.
Considering the downhole conditions, with pore pressures ranging from 4 to 10 lb/gal in the different productive layers, the importance of zonal isolation, establishing barriers in water productive layers, and achieving overall cement coverage is extremely important.
Because the reservoir section in the Eldfisk Field is mainly chalk, permeability is generally low. If not stimulated, the economics of drilling in this field would be marginal. The overall success of the drilling effort is therefore dependent on the stimulation results, which in turn depend largely on effective zonal isolation/cement coverage across the productive interval.
Foamed cement has been introduced and seems to have fulfilled the requirements of cementing in this challenging field. Since its introduction, the service companies have performed ten jobs successfully. The criteria for success have been measured using each of the following factors: operational performance, fluid diversion during stimulation, and CBL evaluation.
This paper provides details about the following: Design reviewOperational challenges related to strict environmental rulesHandling foam cement returns at surfaceCase review of the stimulation resultPossible conformanceHydraulic fracturingCBL results from one well
Stable Isotope Relations in the Characterization of Giant Complex Reservoirs
Authors: Urbina Rafael , Embid Sonia , Bozo Dorelis , Vasquez Yaneth , de Audemard Nancy 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Molecular and isotopic compositions of natural gas have been recognized asuseful tools in the evaluation of reservoir continuity and reservoir productionmonitoring. It has been established that similar isotopic compositions reflectreservoir continuity, while differences in these parameters can indicatediscontinuities in the reservoir. Furthermore, stable isotopic composition isless affected by sampling and producing processes than chemical composition.This technique was applied in the Santa Barbara field, one of the largest gascondensate fields in Venezuela.
The isotopic ratio 13C/ 12C, geochemical analyses,pressure tests, conventional fluid analysis and numerical simulation, wereintegrated in a reservoir study to determine areal communication betweendifferent fault blocks.
The isotopes relationship 13C/12C was established forfour components (ethane, propane, n-butane and iso-butane) to define andcompare isotopic profiles of each sample from the selected wells.
The gas formation isotopic analysis provided very useful information on thesealing character of the faults, thus contributing to a better compartmentdefinition, necessary to locate injector wells, and establish exploitationschemes based on gas injection with partial pressure maintenance.
The Utilization of Loss Matrix to Determine the Risks of an Offshore Petroleum Production Unit
Authors: Gonçalves Neto Armando Celestino , Martins Ferreira Filho Virgilio José 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology of decision whichwill help the Oil Companies Risk Managers to deal with some specific materialrisks, utilizing insurance coverage, in projects with private partners assumingthe financial support of a new offshore facility construction and operationinstead of Public sources.
To that end, we will discuss a possible Risk Management process, whichencloses the Loss matrix for risk assessment, in order to evaluate the worstloss scenario that can impact the cash flow of the business, which isstructured by Project Finance modeling.
Theoretical Analysis of Turbulent Flow of Power-Law Fluids in Coiled Tubing
Authors: Zhou Y. , Shah S. N. 
Published: January 2008

Summary
A comprehensive theoretical analysis of turbulent flow of a power-law fluid in coiled tubing is conducted with the approach of boundary layer approximation. Equations of momentum integrals for the boundary layer flow are derived and solved numerically. Based on the results of the numerical analysis, a new friction-factor correlation is developed which is applicable to a wide range of flow behavior index of power-law fluid model. The new correlation is verified by comparing it with the published Ito correlation for the special case of Newtonian fluid. For non-Newtonian fluids, there is also a close agreement between the new correlation and the experimental data from recent full-scale coiled tubing flow experiments.
Minor Modifications Make Major Differences in Remote Deepwater Brine Displacement Operations
Authors: Claiborne Earl "Chip" B. , Shucart John K. , Darring Michael T. , Parks R. D. , Pillow Doug 
Published: January 2008

Proposal
Brine displacements were one of several areas of focus in a continuousprocess to optimize completion methodology in Amerada Hess's Ceiba projectwells located in deepwater offshore Equatorial Guinea. The time between whenthe cleaning string is made up and when it is laid down after displacement andfiltration operations are completed can exceed two days and cost $500,000. Itis imperative that wellbore cleaning operations are performed efficiently andcorrectly the first time. Amerada Hess and its brine suppliers working togetherin a joint task force have taken specific steps to minimize the time requiredfor displacement and filtration operations.
Optimizing Fire Protection of pressurized Process Equipment
Authors: Huse Jan Reier , Skulstad Paul , Hekkelstrand Bjørn 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Protection of pressurized process equipment against fire and thus reducingthe risk of fire escalation is a key concern for all process plants bothoffshore and onshore.
"Guideline for Protection of Pressurized Systems Exposed to Fire", referredto as the guideline, was developed by Norsk Hydro, Statoil and Scandpower RiskManagement in 2002. The guideline has been applied in offshore developmentprojects. Based in the experiences gained from users, the guideline is beingrevised December 2003. The procedures set forward in the guideline, has pointedout several areas/topics where further research and testing should beimplemented. One such topic is behavior of flanged connection during realistichydrocarbon fire scenarios. Therefore, large scale experiments on jet fireexposed flange connections under pressurized conditions are carried out duringthe winter 2003/2004.
The guideline is under continuous development and will be updated when newknowledge is gained and available.
Improved Radio-Frequency Silence Guidelines for Wireline Perforating
Authors: Dickes Raymond , Nordquist Mark 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Transmitters operating in the radio-frequency (RF) spectrum create the potential for accidental detonation of electroexplosive devices (EEDs). This risk is magnified by the potential for an EED to be ballistically connected to other explosives, the widespread use of EEDs in oil- and gas-well perforating services, and the proliferation of radio transmitters.
To prevent accidental detonation, wireline logging operations have relied on radio-silence procedures for the past 50 years. For these procedures to be effective, the well logging crew must identify radio transmitters and then ensure they are disabled when they are within the defined radio-silence zone.The size of the zone varies with the frequency and power of the radiotransmitter, and the size and type of the antenna attached to the EED.
In the past, one or more radio-silence zones were established based on studies performed using antennae and EEDs typical in mining operations. A major oilfield service company has improved this technique through a new study specific to wireline logging-the details of which are presented in this paper.This study has led to smaller radio-silence zones while maintaining perforating safety.
NORM Management and Disposal-Options, Risks, Issues and Decision Making
Authors: Betts S. H. , Wright N. H. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The management and disposal of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material(NORM) scale is oil and gas industry issue which attracts public andinternational interest. NORM, as low activity radioactive waste, presentsspecial handling and disposal challenges due its potential risk to personnel, health, long term effects on food chains, habitats and future generations.Media influence on public perception of radioactivity often eclipses logic andsound technical argument, will be reviewed as part of risk management.
A critique of current NORM decontamination techniques offshore and onshorewill be presented in terms of HSE and other risks, together with insights intothe future. Estimates of NORM scale generation in oil and gas and plannedfuture decommissioning demand an acceptable NORM management strategy for thefuture.
NORM disposal is an issue where the industry must "walk the talk" onsustainable development and not leave an accumulating problem which may impairfuture generations. A comparison will be made between the acceptable dischargeof NORM and radionuclides in production water offshore and the accepteddisposal options available from onshore decontamination (inshore discharge, storage or onshore re-injection). A summary of approaches to NORM managementand disposal in North Sea and other counties facing this issue will bepresented. The case for NORM reinjection offshore (in an isolated reservoir)will be addressed, although it has not been accepted as a disposal route todate in the UK. Re-injection is widely practiced in the USA.
NORM management and disposal options will be considered in terms of riskmanagement (safety, health environment, sustainable development, financial/reputation) together with a formula for risk ranking geared todecision making. This can be used by the industry to enhance publicunderstanding of radioactivity, and promote convergence in decision making byindustry and stakeholders on the risks and benefits of NORM disposaloptions.
Chad Export Project: Environmental Protection Measures
Authors: Moynihan Kelly J. , Caldwell Ed R. , Sellier Ulrich L. , Kaul Clayton F. , Daetwyler Neil A. , Hayward Gary L. , Batterhame Grant 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The Chad Export Project has developed and implemented an array of measuresto mitigate a wide variety of environmental impacts, issues, and challenges. Extensive integrated analyses, supported by on-the-ground surveys and publicconsultation, were undertaken during the Project’s multi-year planning anddesign period so as to avoid issues/impacts to the extent practical. Selectionof a route for the 1070 kilometer onshore export pipeline and locations for theProject’s various permanent facilities required a complex balancing of anassortment of technical, environmental, social, and economic considerations. The width of the pipeline construction right-of-way was restricted to limitenvironmental and socioeconomic impacts, and an extensive program wasimplemented to reclaim the easement. An induced access management plan wasprepared to protect the flora and fauna in three identified ecologicallysensitive areas traversed by the pipeline in Cameroon. In addition, the Projectestablished a strict anti-bushmeat policy to prevent workers from hunting, poaching, purchasing, or consuming game while working. Special programs weredeveloped to safeguard rare/threatened/endangered (RTE) species (e.g., primates, marine turtles) known to inhabit certain Project-pertinent locales. Amulti-component water monitoring program has been implemented by the Project toprotect groundwater and surface water resources relied upon by localinhabitants, and several high quality waste management facilities have been putin place, including waste storage structures, engineered hazardous andnon-hazardous solid waste landfills, and a hazardous waste-capableincinerator.
Preparing for Improved Near Shore and Arctic Oil Spill Response. Full Scale Testing of Equipment Developed in the NOFO R&D Programme
Authors: Brekne Tharald M. , Holmemo Sigmund , Skeie Geir Morten 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The Norwegian Continental Shelf may be considered to be in a mature stage of development. Offshore oil and gas production are primarily located in areas far from the shore, allowing a significant time interval for near shore response in the case of an oil spill.
Looking towards future activities, the trend seems to be that the most interesting areas for exploration activities are located closer to the shore, as well as further to the north than present oil producing installation.
Another trend is an increasing diversity of oil types produced over existing installations, as satellite fields are developed. This requires increased flexibility of oil spill response measures and strategies.
Anticipating these developments, the Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies in 2002 initiated an R & D program for development of more flexible and robust equipment. This program includes redesign of skimmers, development of new booms and boom concepts, allowing higher towing speeds, as well as redesign and improvement of helicopter based dispersant systems.
In June 2003, prototypes of this equipment were tested in NOFO's large scaleoil – on – water exercise.
In this paper, highlights from these tests are presented. Further, the application of such equipment in near shore oil spill response operations along the Norwegian coast is discussed.
Transportation of High Pour Point Oil through Long Hilly Terrain Pipe Line, A Case Study in Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Putra Satya A. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Characteristic of high pour point oil may cause problems in pipeline transportation if it is not handled carefully, especially in long and hilly terrain pipeline. It may form solid in ambient temperature, and further may cause pipe plugging along the line, especially in sloping pipe area. The pipeline is 20 inch diameter stretch 250 km from Tanjung oil field to oil refinery in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan Province of Indonesia.
Alternatives of transportation had been considered, such as insulation line, heating, chemical, etc. Alternative chosen was transportation of mix fluid of the high pour point oil and water. Transportation of mix liquid may prevent accumulation of solid oil particle at places along the line and avoid pipe plugging, and the method was also considered low cost of investment and operation. Such method of transportation has been conducted since 1963 and reached peak pumping of 44.000 BOPD oil production. At present time total oil production has declined to only 7800 BOPD, and transportation of the oil production is conducted periodically 12 times a year in oil-water mixture of 65% oil and 35% water, with total oil transported 250.000 Barrel per-pumping period.
On year 2002 it was experienced an operational failure, when the pipeline was plugged caused by solid oil particle accumulation, causing interruption of pumping. An effort to remove the plugging has succeeded by conducting "rocking" method and injection of light oil, and such method was able to bring transportation to normal operation in considerably short time.
A simple modelling approach of the high pour point crude oil transportation has been obtained using Multi Phase Flow Dynamic Model OLGA to study characteristic of the flow in pipeline through a hill, and predict critical operation conditions to avoid unexpected transportation failure in the future.