bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expiratory Efforts During Insufflation are Associated with Increased Mortality in Ventilated Patients
Authors: Gutierrez  , Türkan  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Breathing efforts during mechanical ventilation are associated with patient self-induced lung injury (P-SILI). We examined whether a noninvasive measure of Pmus, the portion of airway pressure attributed to breathing effort during insufflation, relates to patient mortality.
Methods
We analyzed recorded airway signals from 267 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation monitored between six hours and five days. Patients were divided into survivor and decedent groups according to all-cause 28-day mortality. Individual Pmus(t) functions, describing changes in Pmus during insufflation, were generated for 13.4 million insufflations by numerical analysis of the respiratory system’s one-compartment model. Pmus(t) was used to determine the magnitude and direction, expiratory or inspiratory, of peak Pmus(t) (PmusPeak) and its pressure-time product (PmusPTP). Mean and cumulative PmusPeak and PmusPTP were determined for each patient and compared between the groups.
Results
There were 67 decedents and 200 survivors. Decedents had greater mean and cumulative expiratory PmusPTP (p < 0.05 for each) than survivors. Neither inspiratory PmusPTP nor PmusPeak differentiated between the groups. Independent predictors of mortality were age, SAPS II score, and expiratory time.
Discussion
We report an association between expiratory efforts during insufflation and 28-day mortality. By opposing ventilator-delivered breaths, expiratory efforts might increase alveolar pressure (Palv), promoting P-SILI and subsequent worse outcomes. The apparent lack of association between mortality and inspiratory effort might be explained by its capacity to increase trans-pulmonary pressure without affecting Palv. Inspiratory efforts, however, could indicate air hunger.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the need for further research into respiratory efforts during mechanical ventilation.
Intervalence charge transfer in aluminum oxide and aluminosilicate minerals at elevated temperatures
Authors: Evans Helen V. , Rossman George R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Single-crystal optical spectra of corundum (Al2O3) and the Al2SiO5 polymorphs andalusite, kyanite, and sillimanite, containing both Fe2+-Fe3+ and Fe2+-Ti4+ intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) absorption bands were measured at temperatures up to 1000 °C. Upon heating, thermally equilibrated IVCT bands significantly decreased in intensity and recovered fully on cooling. These trends contrast with the behavior of crystal field bands at temperature for Fe, Cr, and V in corundum, kyanite, and spinel. The effects of cation diffusion and aggregation, as well as the redistribution of band intensity at temperature, are also discussed. The loss of absorption intensity in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum of these phases may point to a more general behavior of IVCT in minerals at temperatures within the Earth with implications for radiative conductivity within the Earth.
Treatment approaches for emerging contaminants in sludge and wastewater
Authors: Langbehn Rayane Kunert , Müller Felipe Matheus , Schneider Elisângela Edila , Senna Camila Pereira , Sanches-Simões Eric , Pedó Gutkoski Júlia , Kelbert Maikon , Michels Camila , Soares Hugo Moreira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in superficial and drinking water is a reality worldwide. Among them, we can highlight compounds such as personal care products and pharmaceuticals used to treat and prevent human or animal diseases. ECs end up in the environment mainly because of inefficient wastewater or sludge treatment. It is well known that conventional treatment does not completely remove these substances. In addition, ECs pose a potential risk if released into the environment because of their toxicity, recalcitrance, and biouptake in animals and plants. This chapter will cover biological and physicochemical treatments to remove EC from wastewater and sludge. We will address the most recent advances for each process, focusing on their main parameters, operation conditions, and applications. Moreover, we will compare the advantages and disadvantages of each process. This chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of biological and physicochemical processes, applied individually or combined, in treating wastewater and sludge containing EC. Lastly, we will present future perspectives to improve the treatment of ECs in wastewater treatment plants.
Abatement of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater using green nanomaterials: an eco-friendly alternative to conventional nanomaterials
Authors: Botle Akshay , Salgaonkar Sayli , Barabde Gayatri , Herlekar Mihir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and their remnants have been acknowledged for their ability to save many lives, but they have also developed a new set of emerging pollutants due to the difficulty in treating them in wastewater worldwide. Increased consumption of drugs has led to adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Even at low levels, these contaminants cause various problems because of their persistent nature and long-lasting negative effects. Therefore, various conventional methods such as activated sludge process, chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, ozonation, adsorption, and photocatalysis have been proposed for their removal. These are limited by high costs, inefficient removal, the production of toxic materials, and the need for significant investment. Nanotechnology has begun to explore various effective strategies for treating wastewater with the help of various nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have been inspected for their potential to eradicate water impurities and improve the effectiveness of conventional technologies. However, the conventional methods of producing nanomaterials involve the usage of hazardous and toxic substances, which create additional pollution. Green nanomaterials present plenty of promising avenues for wastewater treatment and have been recognized to be efficient in providing clean and affordable removal of pharmaceuticals, with features such as increased surface area, higher reactivity, target specificity, low energy and cost consumption, sustainability, improved physical and chemical properties, and effective regeneration. This has led to the development of innovative trends for creating novel, environmentally friendly nanomaterials for the removal and degradation of pharmaceutical substances. This paper focuses on these new trends in the development of greener nanomaterials globally and evaluates their performance for the abatement of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. The paper concludes with the beneficial aspects of green nanomaterials over conventional technologies and the future scope of research.
Coupling of biogas residue biochar and low-magnitude electric fields promotes anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste
Authors: Liu Hongbo , He Peng , Chen Yang , Wang Xingkang , Zou Ruixiang , Xing Tao , Xu Suyun , Wu Chengyang , Maurer Claudia , Lichtfouse Eric 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Biochar-assisted anaerobic digestion (AD) remains constrained due to the inefficient decomposition of complex organics, even with the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) pathway. The coupling of electrochemistry with the anaerobic biological treatment could shorten lengthy retention time in co-digestion by improving electron transfer rates and inducing functional microbial acclimation. Thus, this work investigated the potential of improving the performance of AD by coupling low-magnitude electric fields with biochar derived from the anaerobically digested biogas residue. Different voltages (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 V) were applied at various stages to assess the impact on biochar-assisted AD. The results indicate that an external voltage of 0.3 V, coupled with 5 g/L of biochar, elevates CH4 yield by 45.5% compared to biogas residue biochar alone, and the coupled approach increased biogas production by up to 143% within 10 days. This finding may be partly explained by the enhanced utilization of substrates and the increased amounts of specific methanogens such as Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina. The abundance of the former increased from 4.0 to 11.3%, which enhances the DIET between microorganisms. Furthermore, the coupling method shows better potential for enhancing AD compared to preparing iron-based biochar, and these results present potential avenues for its broader applications.
Application of AI in Multilevel Pain Assessment Using Facial Images: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huo Jian , Yu Yan , Lin Wei , Hu Anmin , Wu Chaoran 
Published: April 2024

Background
The continuous monitoring and recording of patients’ pain status is a major problem in current research on postoperative pain management. In the large number of original or review articles focusing on different approaches for pain assessment, many researchers have investigated how computer vision (CV) can help by capturing facial expressions. However, there is a lack of proper comparison of results between studies to identify current research gaps.

Objective
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence models for multilevel pain assessment from facial images.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, IEEE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for related publications before September 30, 2023. Studies that used facial images alone to estimate multiple pain values were included in the systematic review. A study quality assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, 2nd edition tool. The performance of these studies was assessed by metrics including sensitivity, specificity, log diagnostic odds ratio (LDOR), and area under the curve (AUC). The intermodal variability was assessed and presented by forest plots.

Results
A total of 45 reports were included in the systematic review. The reported test accuracies ranged from 0.27-0.99, and the other metrics, including the mean standard error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), ranged from 0.31-4.61, 0.24-2.8, 0.19-0.83, and 0.48-0.92, respectively. In total, 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Their combined sensitivity was 98% (95% CI 96%-99%), specificity was 98% (95% CI 97%-99%), LDOR was 7.99 (95% CI 6.73-9.31), and AUC was 0.99 (95% CI 0.99-1). The subgroup analysis showed that the diagnostic performance was acceptable, although imbalanced data were still emphasized as a major problem. All studies had at least one domain with a high risk of bias, and for 20% (9/45) of studies, there were no applicability concerns.

Conclusions
This review summarizes recent evidence in automatic multilevel pain estimation from facial expressions and compared the test accuracy of results in a meta-analysis. Promising performance for pain estimation from facial images was established by current CV algorithms. Weaknesses in current studies were also identified, suggesting that larger databases and metrics evaluating multiclass classification performance could improve future studies.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42023418181; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=418181
Haemodynamic responses to intubation, extubation and post‐operative analgesia after intravenous lignocaine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgeries: a randomized control study
Authors: Gujja Srikanth , Arora Varun , Yelagandula Sravanthi , Bhandari Chanchal , Jeevanbabu Mittapalli 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT:
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of intravenous lignocaine on haemodynamic responses to intubation, extubation and post‐operative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgeries.
Methods: This prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted in patients for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery in tertiary care hospital of Tamil Nadu. Group A (n=60) received 0.9% normal saline for perioperative intravenous infusion and Group B (n=60) received preservative free lignocaine 2% (20mg/ml) as intravenous infusion Hemodynamic responses were recorded to intubation, extubation and post‐operative analgesia in both groups. VAS scores and pain free period were also compared.
Results: Pulse rate (PR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly increased in both the groups during laryngoscopy and intubation, though the rise of both in lignocaine group was significantly less than normal saline group. (p<0.0001) Similarly, both PR and MAP were significantly increased during extubation in both the groups. (p<0.0001) However, the rise of both the parameters in lignocaine group was significantly less as compared to normal saline group. (p<0.0001) VAS scores in immediate post operative period were better in lignocaine group than normal saline group. The mean pain free period was less than an hour in normal saline group, while it was approximately 4 hours in lignocaine group. (p<0.0001)
Conclusions: This study concluded that i.v infusion of lignocaine had significantly increased the pain free period post operatively. So those who are not affordable for epidural block, lignocaine i.v infusion is better alternative for post operative analgesia.
Hasten Industries, Inc.: Timing of Revenue Recognition (ASC 606)
Authors: Churyk Natalie Tatiana , Reinstein Alan , Gross Guy M. , Stoettner Robert 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
This case asks graduate and undergraduate accounting students to apply the current U.S. GAAP revenue recognition standard (ASC Topic 606) that became effective for public companies in 2018 and nonpublic companies in 2019. Students should grasp the new rules and understand how the nuances of manufacturing contracts (e.g., number of performance obligations, transaction price allocation, shipment options, product customization, and contract cancelation and compensation) can affect the recording and timing (over time or point in time) of revenue recognition. This case also encourages students to independently research the technical aspects of U.S. GAAP regarding the accounting treatment of these contracts.
Luis Unceta Gómez y Helena González Vaquerizo (Editores). En los márgenes del mito. Hibridaciones de la mitología clásica en la cultura de masas contemporánea. Madrid: Catarata - UAM Ediciones, 2022, 317 pp.
Authors: Borelli Micaela 
Published: April 2024

Revisión del libro En los márgenes del mito. Hibridaciones de la mitología clásica en la cultura de masas contemporánea por Luis Unceta Gómez y Helena González Vaquerizo (Editores)
Hypercoagulability based on thromboelastography is common in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy
Authors: Mitsui Akiko , Rosen Sydney , Yaxley Page , Lapsley Janis , Tremolada Giovanni , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Thromboelastography (TEG) is a whole blood assay that yields global assessment of hemostasis, as it evaluates clot time, strength, and kinematics of clot formation and lysis. The main objective was to describe preoperative TEG findings in dogs that had an adrenalectomy performed and, secondarily, to describe TEG findings in the dogs with or without hyperadrenocorticism (HAC).

ANIMALS
30 dogs that had preoperative TEG and adrenalectomy performed.

METHODS
Medical records between 2018 and 2022 were reviewed. Signalment, diagnostic data, and perioperative treatment were abstracted.

RESULTS
53% (16/30) of the dogs were hypercoagulable, and none were hypocoagulable. Based on histopathology, 6 of 9 dogs with adenocarcinoma were hypercoagulable, 4 of 8 with pheochromocytoma were hypercoagulable, and 6 of 10 with adenoma were hypercoagulable. None of the 3 dogs with other histopathologic diagnoses or combinations of diagnoses (adrenocortical hyperplasia, poorly differentiated sarcoma, and both adrenocortical adenocarcinoma and pheochromocytoma) were hypercoagulable. Of the 14 dogs tested preoperatively for HAC, 4 of 8 HAC dogs were hypercoagulable and 2 of 6 non-HAC dogs were hypercoagulable.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The present report describes for the first time TEG findings for dogs undergoing adrenalectomy and suggests that the majority of dogs with adrenal neoplasia are hypercoagulable based on TEG results.
Sfotografować, aby zrozumieć. Instagramowe relacje z instytucji kultury
Authors: Zielińska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2024

Wraz z popularyzacją Social Mediów rozpowszechnił się zwyczaj zamieszczania w Internecie fotograficznej relacji z wydarzeń kulturalnych i oznaczania ich tematycznymi hashtagami (#). W obszarze kultury Instagramowe „stories” powinny zwracać szczególną uwagę, jako nowe formy recenzji, „gorące” reportaże platformy dyskusji na temat wytworów kultury, rekomendacje dzieł, a nawet ich reinterpretacje. Celem artykułu była identyfikacja tematyki i estetyki zbiorów fotografii, wytworzonych w portalu Instagram przez tematyczne tagi oraz ocenienie ich wartości dla monitoringu i promocji oferty kulturalnej. Zbiory fotografii „tagowanej” mogą być nośnikiem informacji zwrotnej o odbiorze wytworów kultury, jednak specyfika estetyki i języka mediów społecznościowych może wpływać na niedoszacowanie ich wartości. Drugim celem badania była próba rozpoznania zawartych w tej fotografii symboli i utworzenie dla nich kluczy interpretacyjnych, na podstawie których podjęto rozważania o „społecznościowym” doświadczaniu kultury i funkcjonalnej stronie jej fotografowania. Dokonano analizy czterech kanałów, utworzonych przez społeczność portalu Instagram, poprzez oznaczanie ich nazwami instytucji kultury z użyciem funkcji hashtag. Dokonana została analiza ilościowa najczęściej ujawnionych wątków oraz sporządzono ich opis wraz z próbą interpretacyjną stosowanej symboliki. W wyniku otrzymano wykaz najpopularniejszych form estetycznych stosowanych w fotografii instagramowej, zaproponowano sposób jej odczytu oraz kierunki ich wtórnego wykorzystania w monitoringu, promocji i edukacji kulturalnej.
Association between socioeconomic status and quality of life among cerebral palsy children in government children hospitals and special training centers
Authors: Iram Amna , Ghaffar Tamjeed , Solangi Zohaib Anwar , Ayaz Jahanara , Rehman Abdul , Yasmin Naila , Wassi Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain the posture and balance of the body. It is the most common motor disability in childhood. The present study investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the quality of life (QoL) among children with CP up to the age of 12 years who attend our center.

Methods:
This observational corelational survey was conducted on a sample of 80 children with CP from our center. Participants were recruited based on selection criteria. Participants of age brackets up to 12 years, male and female children of all socioeconomic classes, neurologically diagnosed CP children, and patients with posture, brain deficits, and movement impairments were included in the study. The chosen participants completed the Health Questionnaire EQ-5D-5L and provided socioeconomic information with the assistance of their parents.

Results:
Nearly half (47%) of the participants were male and 52.5% were female. P-value of all factors was above 0.05, which showed no significant association between SES and the QoL of CP patients.

Conclusion:
No statistically significant association was found between SES and the QoL of children with CP at our center.
Resolution of white matter hyperintensity after surgical revascularization in moyamoya disease – A report of three cases
Authors: Koga Yuichiro , Yamamoto Shusuke , Kuroda Satoshi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Moyamoya disease often presents white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, which is generally accepted as irreversible. We, herein, describe three cases of moyamoya disease with WMH lesions that regressed or disappeared after surgical revascularization.

Case Description:
This report included two pediatric and one young adult case that developed transient ischemic attacks or ischemic stroke due to bilateral Moyamoya disease. Before surgery, five of their six hemispheres had WMH lesions in the subcortical and/or periventricular white matter on FLAIR images. The lesions included morphologically two different patterns: “Striated” and “patchy” morphology. In all of them, combined bypass surgery was successfully performed on both sides, and no cerebrovascular events occurred during follow-up periods. On follow-up magnetic resonance examinations, the “striated” WMH lesions completely disappeared within six months, while the “patchy” WMH lesions slowly regressed over 12 months.

Conclusion:
Based on radiological findings and the postoperative course of the WMH lesions, the “striated” WMH lesions may represent the inflammation or edema along the neuronal axons due to cerebral ischemia, while the “patchy” WMH lesions may represent vasogenic edema in the white matter through the blood-brain barrier breakdown. Earlier surgical revascularization may resolve these WMH lesions in Moyamoya disease.
New CNS tumor classification: The importance in pediatric neurosurgical practice
Authors: Río Ramiro José del , Cicutti Santiago Ezequiel , Moreira Daniel C. , Ramos Javier Danilo Gonzalez 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The management of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the pediatric population is crucial in neurosurgical practice. The World Health Organization (WHO) has evolved its classification of CNS tumors from the 19th century to the 5th edition, published in 2021, incorporating molecular advancements. This transition from morphology to molecular characterization is ongoing.

Methods:
This manuscript analyzes the modifications introduced in the 5th edition of WHO’s CNS tumor classification, particularly focusing on pediatric tumor families. The paper integrates clinical, morphological, and molecular information, aiming to guide pediatric neurosurgeons in their daily practice and interdisciplinary discussions.

Results:
The 5th edition of the WHO classification introduces a hybrid taxonomy that incorporates both molecular and histological components. The terminology shifts from “entity” to “type” and “subtype,” aiming to standardize terminology. Tumor grading experiences changes, integrating molecular biomarkers for prognosis. The concept of integrated layered diagnosis is emphasized, where molecular and histological information is combined systematically.

Conclusion:
The 5th edition of the WHO CNS classification signifies a paradigm shift toward molecular characterization. The incorporation of molecular advances, the layered diagnostic approach, and the inclusion of clinical, morphological, and molecular information aim to provide comprehensive insights into pediatric CNS tumors. This classification offers valuable guidance for pediatric neurosurgeons, aiding in precise diagnosis and treatment planning for these complex neoplasms.