bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Immune Hydrops Fetalis: Rapidity of Onset and Usefulness of Prenatal Ultrasonography
Authors: DREW JOHN H. , WOODWARD C. SUSAN , BARBARO CHARLES A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTNon‐immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) has become more common than immune hydrops fetalis as a cause of fetal hydrops and its contribution to the total perinatal mortality rate has increased from 0.1% to 3.0% for the 10 years to 1979. A case is reported where an antenatal ultrasonograph performed within 24 hours of delivery showed hydrops was not present, however, at birth the infant was grossly hydropic and died despite intensive management. This case shows the rapidity of onset of NIHF and the devastating effect of this disorder. A review of two large series of NIHF revealed that in only 11.4% and 16.3% respectively, a significant uncorrectible associated major malformation may have been missed by antenatal ultrasonography. Hence, if prenatal ultrasonography fails to reveal a major malformation a viable fetus with NIHF should be regarded as salvageable. Pulmonary hypoplasia occurred in over 90% and is probably due to compression from serous cavity effusions. Thus to improve survival the ultrasonographer needs to watch for the development of serous cavity effusions so that a pregnancy complicated by NIHF can be terminated before the fetus develops pulmonary hypoplasia.
Sonographic Appearance of Hepatic Hydatid Disease
Authors: JAIN ANIL KUMAR , GUPTA N.C. , GUPTA P.D. , SAHA MADAN M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe sonographic appearance of 25 proved cases of hepatic hydatid disease was characterized and correlated with surgical and pathologic findings. Sonography has a very high accuracy in detecting the type, size, number and location of hepatic hydatid cysts. It also indicates whether they are live (Type I, IR, II) or dead (Type HI). The presence of hydatid cysts in the rest of peritoneal cavity and their complications can also be detected. It is of immense help in the selection of cases in which urgent surgery is needed e.g. contained (Type IR), communicating and direct rupture of hydatid cysts. When hydatid cysts are infected, they lose their characteristic sonographic appearance and become hyperechoic. This article details the findings and emphasize the criteria for recognizing hepatic hydatid disease.
Antegrade Double J Ureteral Stenting for Ureteric Strictures: Use of Silicone Stents
Authors: HOE J.W.M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn 16 patients with ureteric strictures, silicone double J ureteral stents were inserted antegradely following percutaneous nephrostomy. In 9 patients prior attempt at retrograde placement of a stent had failed. Balloon dilatation of the stricture using angiographic catheters was also performed in 5 patients. The ureteric strictures were most commonly caused by malignant infiltration, post operative fibrosis, infection and ureteric calculi. Most previous reports have described the use of polyethylene and polyurethrane stents. Technical problems with the use of silicone stents are discussed. Although silicone stents are better tolerated by patients and associated with low complication rates, in 5 of 18 stents inserted (28%) the procedure failed. Suboptimal positioning of the stent due to poor radio‐opacity and premature occlusion were the causes. With the availability of co‐polymer stents, it is likely that these will replace silicone stents as the stent material of choice for antegrade insertion.
Costs of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Services in Public Hospitals
Authors: CROWE BERNARD L. , HAILEY DAVID , BENNESS GEOFFREY T. , BURGESS IAN A. , ROCHE JAMES , SORBY WILLIAM A. , LANGLOIS SUZANNE Le P. , DEWHURST DAVID J. , HUNT DAVID R. , TRESS BRIAN M. , KHANGURE MAKHAN S. , McDONALD IAN G. , SIDDLE KENNETH J. , BENSON MARK D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAudited cost data from two public hospital installations participating in a trial of the utilisation and efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging are presented. The data cover the period July 1987 to June 1988 when both installations had attained stable patterns of operation. One hospital operated a superconductive system and the other a resistive magnetic resonance imaging unit. Depreciation and salaries represented the major components of cost.
CT Scanning for Definitive Radiotherapy Planning of Prostate Cancer: Necessity or Nicety? Results from survey of radiation oncologists working at different institutions in Australasia
Authors: HAMILTON C. S. , JOSEPH D. J. , SKOV A. , DENHAM J. W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTInteractive computerised tomographic (CT) planning techniques offer the prospect of better anatomical localisation, more consistent tumour coverage, and limiting normal tissue dose. However, its value in the management of prostate cancer remains undefined. The present study addresses the impact of planning CT on the designated target volumes for localised carcinoma of the prostate at a multi‐institution national level. Nine radiation oncologists from different centres in Australia and New Zealand were asked to designate a target volume on five sample patients with different disease stages (A2‐C2) using both conventional cystogram films and planning CT scans.Target volumes estimated by CT means in this study differed by more than 10% from those estimated by conventional means in 75.6% of instances, being smaller in 55.6%. Volumes varied widely between individual radiation oncologists, both using conventional planning and CT information. These variations were found to exceed any differences in the volume caused by the planning technique itself. Results from this survey suggest that volumes appear to change more according to the individual radiation oncologist rather than to any other factor. In most or all of the sample cases six of nine radiation oncologists defined the borders of their CT volumes to be either consistently smaller (5 out of 9) or greater (1 out of 9) than their conventionally defined borders.The results of this survey are potentially important and warrant repetition with larger sample numbers in other countries where interactive CT planning facilities exist, both with and without diagnostic radiological input, to exclude similar variation and to define causes for any variations that do become apparent.
The Role of Bipedal Lymphangiography in Testicular Seminoma
Authors: LINDEMAN GEOFFREY J. , CARR PETER , TIVER KENNETH W. , LANGLANDS ALLAN O. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDetermining the extent of intra‐abdominal spread of testicular seminoma by radiographic studies is an essential step in planning rational treatment following orchidectomy. CT scanning is generally accepted as being superior to lymphangiography in assessing the retroperitoneal space. We reviewed the relative contribution of these two procedures in a retrospective analysis of 73 consecutive patients with testicular seminoma managed at Westmead Hospital between January 1980 and September 1987. Abdominal CT scans and bipedal lymphangiography (LAG) were carried out in 72 and 51 patients respectively, 50 patients undergoing both procedures. We found concordance between the two techniques to be 88%. Upstaging occurred in 5 patients using CT (10%), 7 patients using LAG (14%), and in 8 patients (16%) when both tests were utilised. Four patients were upstaged by both techniques while the remaining 4 patients were upstaged using one technique alone.Serum ß‐HCG was not a reliable screen for residual disease. Residual disease in the few patients with an elevated serum ß‐HCG was easily detected by CT scanning.We conclude that there is a continuing role for LAG in assessing patients with clinical Stage I seminoma when the abdominal CT scan is equivocal or normal.
Pancerebellar Syndrome in Hyperpyrexia
Authors: MOHAPATRO A. K. , THOMAS MONICA , JAIN SATISH , MISHRA N. K. , GOULATIA R. K. , MAHESHWARI M. C. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwo cases of pancerebellar syndrome following hyperpyrexia are described and the relevant literature reviewed. Cranial computed tomography demonstrated morphologic evidence of cerebellar degeneration while the patients were showing satisfactory clinical progress.
Is That Another Thornwaldt's Cyst on M.R.I.?
Authors: BATTINO R.A. , F.R.A.C.R. M.S. KHANGURE. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT20% of 200 M.R.I. head scans displayed increased signal in the midline posterior‐superior nasopharynx in the position of the pharyngeal bursa. Though these likely represent a number of different entities, Thornwaldt's cysts may be more common than previously realised.
Computerized Tomography in Dural Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: YEE CHEONG WING , PING TAN KIM 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThirteen young patients with DST are presented. The average age was 31.3 years. Seven patients presented with severe headaches. Six patients appeared to have no apparent cause for their thromboses while predisposing factors (polycythaemia, malignancy, posttrauma), were present in three. One patient was in her 1st trimester of pregnancy. Four patients had DVT while 2 of these patients also had pulmonary embolism. There was one death. Six patients had full recovery and six had mild residual hemiparesis. The prognosis is therefore good in this group of young patients with DST. Treatment should be directed at the primary cause. Where no cause can be found, treatment is aimed at the presenting symptoms.The role of CT is stressed. The presence of abnormal areas of hemorrhage or infarctions especially if they are parasagittal and/or bilateral should alert the radiologist to the diagnosis of DST. The empty delta sign, the cord sign, the dense vein sign as well as the presence of transcerebral medullary veins are highly specific. CT is therefore not only noninvasive but highly accurate and is the imaging procedure of choice. There is no need for angiography except in a selected few and CT has already replaced angiography. The role of MRI needs to be studied. It is entirely noninvasive and may when it becomes freely available, replace CT. So far, only three cases have been reported in the English literature. Signal void is a characteristic of flowing blood and a throm‐bosed venous channel will show a shortening of the T1 signals. In addition, the paramagnetic properties of deoxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin may allow determination of the age of the thrombus (Macchi et al 1986). However, at the present state of the art, CT remains the first radiological screening procedure (Braun et al 1985).
Ioversol in Ascending Phlebography — A Clinical Trial
Authors: SCOTT H. , PALMER F.J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSIn this controlled randomised double‐blind parallel group study of the use of ioversol‐240 and ioversol‐320 in venography all studies were considered diagnostic with comparable quality in the two groups.Patient tolerance was high with mild heat observed in 7 patients in the ioversot‐320 group and 1 patient in the ioversol‐240 group. Assessment of pain was also comparable (2 patients in the ioversol‐240 group and 1 in the ioversol‐320 group).Both strengths of the contrast agent produced no clinically significant, drug related, changes in vital signs or laboratory parameters and there were no significant clinical adverse reactions.
A Case of Rectal Bleeding in Infancy
Authors: LEIGHTON D.M. , BENGHANEM T. , MONTAGNE J. Ph. , GRUNER M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA case of colonic haemangioma in a 3 month old girl presenting with rectal bleeding and anaemia is presented. A colonic mass lesion was suspected on barium follow through and confirmed by enema and surgical excision.
Low Dose Intravenous Urography: Results and Technique Modifications
Authors: KEENAN R.J. , LIST A. , KENGSAKUL C. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT100 consecutive patients routinely referred for intravenous urography were examined using low doses of the low osmolar contrast medium Iohexol (Omnipaque 350mgl/ml). Their dosage schedule was based on the physiological parameters of age, sex, body weight and renal function. Comparison with a control group using standard contrast doses revealed a 42% reduction in contrast could be used, and still produce diagnostic studies. Nephrographic quality was reduced in the low dose group requiring technique modification, in particular a delayed film sequence. Further reductions in contrast use are envisaged in patients over the age of 40 years.
Iohexol, Ioxaglate and Iopamidol in Coronary Angiography A Double‐Blind Comparative Study of 300 Patients
Authors: SOIVA M. , HEKALI P. , KETO P. , KARUMO J. , SALONEN O. , HEIKKILÄ J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA randomized, double‐blind study was carried out in 300 consecutive coronary angiography examinations to investigate the clinical safety of three low osmolar contrast media, iohexol 300, ioxaglate 320 and iopamidol 300, and the electrocardiographic changes that occurred with them. The ECG from electrode V5/V6 or AVF and intra‐arterial pressure were monitored continuously, and recorded before and after the first contrast injections into the left and right coronary arteries. Of the variables tested, no statistically significant changes occurred in systolic arterial pressure, PR interval or ventricular extrasystole. The QT interval increased in the ioxaglate group (p=0.001). Heart rate decreased in all groups, but slightly less in the ioxaglate group than in the iopamidol group (p=0.02). The ST segment depression (mean 0.67m) was more marked in the ioxagiate group than in the other treatment groups (p=0.0001) during right coronary angiography. The same characteristics, but less marked, were observed during left coronary angiography, the ioxaglate group (mean 0.251mm) differing from the iopamidol group (mean 0.050mm) (p=0.04). No significant difference in severe adverse reactions were detected between these groups (ioxaglate 1, iopamidol 1). Ioxaglate produced mild side effects (nausea, vomitus, urticaria) in 16% of the patients, the other two contrast agents producing side effects in 1%.
Antibody to Cardiolipin Causing Hepatic Infarction In a Post Partum Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: YOUNG N. , WONG K. P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis is a case of a thirty one year old post partum patient, with SLE and antibodies to cardiolipin causing hepatic vascular thrombosis leading to infarction. No previous literature account is recorded.
Radiation in the Treatment of High Grade Malignant Gliomas in Queensland
Authors: FRANKLIN C.I.V. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwo hundred and seventy eight patients with histo‐logically proven grade 3 or grade 4 astrocytomas were referred to the Queensland Radium Institute for consideration of radiotherapy between January 1980 and December 1987. The role of radiation in the management of these tumours was examined with respect to the effects of field size, dose and age. It was found that field size did not have a significant effect on survival; in particular whole brain irradiation for patients with grade 4 tumours was not a significant advantage. The doses used at the Queensland Radium Institute produce similar survivals to those used in other centres. The effect of age was significant. For grade 3 tumours there was a survival advantage to those under 50 years receiving radiation, but not to those above that age. For grade 4 tumours, the survival advantage was for those under 60 years, but those over 60 years did seem to get some benefit although the difference did not reach significance.It is suggested that, as the tumour is generally incurable, these patients may be better served by a short simple palliative course of radiation.
Radiological Imaging of Urinary Tract Infection in Malaysian Children ‐A Private Hospital Experience
Authors: CHEUNG HUMAIRAH SAMAD 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe results of radiological investigations performed on 81 children with urinary tract infection (UTI) were reviewed. Investigations included 91 voiding cys‐tourethrograms (VCU), 59 intravenous urograms (IVU) and 36 ultrasonograms (US). The aim was to study the local spectrum of renal tract abnormalities in childhood UTI and to compare the diagnostic yield of combining US and VCU against IVU and VCU.Renal tract abnormalities were detected in 37%. Vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR) was the commonest, detected in 26%, with renal scarring found in 9% of refluxing units. Ultrasound should replace IVU in the initial diagnostic work‐up of these children.
Computed Tomography of the Abdomen with Fat Density Oral Contrast Medium
Authors: MALIK N. , KHANDELWAL N. , GARG K. , SURI S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA 12.5% corn oil‐emulsion (COE) was tested as an oral contrast agent for abdominal computed tomography (CT) examinations in 100 patients. The results were compared with those obtained from another group of patients who received a conventional, high‐density, oral contrast agent (2–3% iodinated solution). There was no statistically significant difference in the subjects' tolerance to the two agents (P > 0.05). There was, however, a significant improvement in image quality with COE (P > 0.005). Gastrointestinal tract discrimination, and mucosal and mural visualisation was of higher quality with fat density oral contrast medium than with the high‐density contrast agent. These data suggest that COE should be considered for routine use as an alternative to conventional high density oral contrast agents in upper abdominal CT.
Embolisation in the Management of Peripancreatic Pseudoaneurysm A Case Report
Authors: KOLT STEVEN , WISE ALAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPeripancreatic pseudoaneurysms are an unusual cause of haemorrhage in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pseudocysts. We describe a 28 year old alcoholic male with documented chronic pancreatic pseudocysts, who presented with melaena and a large pulsatile epigastric mass. Ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery. This was successfully embolised with stainless steel coils. Surgical intervention in such cases is associated with high mortality, and the role of embolisation as an initial therapy is well established. The role of embolisation as definitive therapy is less clear.
Thrombolysis and the Femorofemoral Bypass Graft: A New Technique
Authors: BUCKENHAM T.M. , GEORGE C.D. , TAYLOR R.S. , DORMANDY J.A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwo patients with acutely throm‐bosed femorofemoral bypass grafts are presented. Recombinant human tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) was used successfully in thrombolysis of the occluded grafts. Utilizing a new technique the grafts were punctured directly and bolus doses of rt‐PA administered.
Dose Normalisation and Specification: From Woe to Go
Authors: HAMILTON C.S. , DENHAM J.W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA questionnaire has been completed by 16 practising Radiation Oncologists from 10 centres in Australia and New Zealand which confirms that considerable variation in dose normalisation and specification practices exists between Australasian centres.The establishment of a working party to determine whether a uniform code of practice (such as ICRU 29 or a modification thereof) is desirable, and can be adopted in Australasia, is recommended.
Central Neurocytomay
Authors: FRANKLIN C.I.V. , REDMOND M.J. , TANNENBERG A.E.G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOne case of central neurocytoma is presented. A review of the literature suggests that the condition is more common than previously recognised. The pathological features are discussed and the role of surgery and radiotherapy in the management of the condition is discussed.
Cardiovascular Evaluation in Turner Syndrome: Utility of MR Imaging
Authors: DAWSON‐FALK KAREN L. , WRIGHT ALLAN M. , BAKKER BERT , PITLICK PAUL T. , ROSENFELD RON G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTForty patients with karyotypidy proven Turner syndrome were prospectively studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography in order to determine the frequency of cardiovascular anomalies and to assess the utility of both imaging modalities as methods for cardiovascular evaluation in Turner syndrome. Cardiovascular anomalies were found in 45% of patients A high absolute prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve (175%) and aortic coarctation (12.5%) were observed relative to comparable series. Of clinically significant abnormalities, three of five aortic coarctations and four of five ascending aortic dilatations were solely MRI detected and not evident at echocardiographic examination. MRI is thus seen as a valuable adjunct to echocardiography in the cardiovascular evaluation of Turner syndrome patients. The usefulness of MIU primarily relates to its ability to provide excellent visualisation of the entire thoracic aorta where a large proportion of clinically significant anomalies Occur in Turner syndrome.
Caecal faecolith: ultrasonic – radiologic diagnosis
Authors: KHALEGHIAN ROWSHAN , TRAVIS ROBERT C. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The entity of caecal faecoliths is not well known to most radiologists. It presents as a hard tender palpable mass in the right iliac fossa. It usually occurs in older women with chronic constipation. On ultrasound it appears as an intracaecal, highly echogenic, shadowing mass. Plain radiographs may show lamellated calcifications. Barium enema shows a well defined intracaecal mass. Using a combination of ultrasound and plain films or barium enema, a preoperative diagnosis should be possible.
Microcephalic, osteodysplastic, primordial dwarfism
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , DONOVAN T. , MASEL J. , WRIGHT R. G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT A case of microcephalic, osteodysplastic, primordial dwarfism (cephaloskeletal dysplasia of Taybi and Linder) is reported. This rare disease is characterised by unique clinical appearances and diagnostic radiographic findings. It is also associated with distinctive brain abnormalities. The latter include micrencephaly, lissencephaly, corpus callosum aplasia/agenesis and unusual histological brain abnormalities.
A clinical sign of low grade astrocytoma
Authors: SCALLY PETER M. , CLOSE PETER J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT A useful sign in diagnosing an astrocytoma is described. It consists simply of observing whether the patient moves on to the CT table of his own accord. A case is presented where the CT findings were of a large, low attenuation lesion in the cerebral white matter and where the sign was positive. This indicated that the diagnosis was a low grade astrocytoma rather than infarction, cerebritis or oedema of another cause.
Low dose rate teletherapy and tumour response
Authors: HAMILTON C S , SIMPSON S A , FERGUSON S , OSTWALD P , HSU W , O'BRIEN M , DENHAM J W 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Tumour responses in 25 patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer, treated on an experimental fractionated low dose rate (FLDR) teletherapy program are reported. Treatment was given at dose rates ranging from 1.8 to 3 Gy/h to a range of total doses from 32–38 Gy, with palliative intent. The total doses delivered have been predicted by the linear quadratic formula to be equivalent to 33–41 Gy using conventionally fractionated high dose rate treatment, in terms of acute normal tissue effects. A complete response rate (no visible or palpable disease 2 months after treatment) was observed in 28% of cases. Analysis of these response rates suggests that the linear quadratic formula may underestimate the anti‐tumour effect of FLDR teletherapy at the various dose rates and total dose permutations in this study.
Cuff expander eases enema tip assembly
Authors: HURRELL MICHAEL ANTHONY 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Some barium enema kits are manufactured with two‐part enema tips, enabling a cuff to be placed on the tip only if required. Difficulty can be experienced during enema tip assembly while attempting to place the cuff on the tip. A readily available gadget used in the farming sector provides a neat and cost‐effective solution to this problem.