bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political economy revisited: structures and objectives at the systemic level
Authors: Cardinale Ivano , Scazzieri Roberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolitical economy developed from profound transformations in economic and political life. The economic sphere extended from the management of individual units, such as households or the royal demesne, to a system defined as the collection of economic activities subject to sovereign authority, and characterized by widening webs of productive and social interdependencies across manifold units. In the political sphere, sovereign decisions came to be considered in the light of the material opportunities and constraints associated with productive interdependencies. Accordingly, the principle of economic life moved from the allocation principles of the household to system-level decision-making, guided by the correspondence between means and polity-level objectives and understood in the light of the material and social interdependences in the polity. The paper maintains that the relationship between economic structures and objectives at the systemic level should become again a central object of political economy. It goes on to argue that the development of structural economic analysis since the 20th century provides powerful analytical tools to investigate: (i) the systemic objectives that polities could pursue given their economic structure; (ii) the social aggregates that could form out of those which economic structure makes possible, and the particular objectives they could construe and pursue; and (iii) the constraints that economic structure imposes on the pursuit of all objectives, be they systemic or particular.
Effects of beef fat enriched with trans vaccenic acid and cis9, trans11-CLA on glucose homoeostasis and hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Xu Yanqing , Hsu Ming-Fo , Haj Fawaz George , Vahmani Payam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTrans vaccenic acid (TVA, trans11–18 : 1) and cis9, trans11-CLA (also known as rumenic acid; RA) have received widespread attention as potentially beneficial trans-FA due to their putative health benefits, including anti-diabetic properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of beef fat naturally enriched with TVA and RA on parameters related to glucose homoeostasis and associated metabolic markers in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were fed for 19 weeks with either a control low-fat diet (CLF), a control high-fat diet (CHF), or a TVA+RA-enriched high-fat diet (EHF). Compared with CLF, feeding either CHF or EHF resulted in adverse metabolic outcomes associated with high-fat diets, including adiposity, impaired glucose control and hepatic steatosis. However, the EHF diet induced a significantly higher liver weight TAG content and elevated plasma alanine transaminase levels compared with the CHF diet. Collectively, the findings from this study suggest that EHF does not improve glucose tolerance and worsens liver steatosis in DIO mice. However, the adverse effects of EHF on the liver could be in part related to the presence of other trans-FA in the enriched beef fat.
The emergence of financial capital in the health insurance business in Europe: The case of Spain in the last fifty years
Authors: Vilar-Rodríguez Margarita , Pons-Pons Jerònia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSickness insurance companies were developed in Spain by doctors and healthcare professionals, remaining outside the interests of general insurance companies. Their management was hardly professional, with limited actuarial techniques and they only accounted for a small percentage of total insurance business premiums. From the 1970s onwards, various factors changed this situation, driving processes of concentration, with numerous takeovers and mergers, first reducing the number of local and regional companies to the benefit of companies of national scope. Subsequently, the growth in demand for this type of coverage sparked the interest of national general insurance companies and multinationals, leading to a restructuring of the sector which has progressively acquired greater weight within the insurance business and become increasingly internationalised. This last stage immersed the health sector in Spain in the great processes of globalisation of the sector, characterised by a financialisation of capital promoted by the bank investment funds. These processes are little known and are the focus of analysis of this paper, with the aim of enabling comparison at international level.
Collision-free path planning for cable-driven continuum robot based on improved artificial potential field
Authors: Ding Meng , Zheng Xianjie , Liu Liaoxue , Guo Jian , Guo Yu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractContinuum robot has become a research hotspot due to its excellent dexterity, flexibility and applicability to constrained environments. However, the effective, secure and accurate path planning for the continuum robot remains a challenging issue, for that it is difficult to choose a suitable inverse kinematics solution due to its redundancy in the confined environment. This paper presents a collision-free path planning method based on the improved artificial potential field (APF) for the cable-driven continuum robot, in which the beetle antennae search algorithm is adopted to deal with the optimal problem of APF without the necessary for velocity kinematics. In addition, the local optimum problem of traditional APF is solved by the randomness of the antennae’s direction vector which can make the algorithm easily jump out of local minima. The simulation and experimental results verify the efficiency of the proposed path planning method.
Meaning-focused foreign language instruction via telepresence robots: A geosemiotic analysis
Authors: Liao Jian , Lu Xiaofei , Masters Katherine A. , Zhou Zhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated that teaching a foreign language in settings outside of the classroom can improve the communicative use of the target language. However, many places remain inaccessible to learners due to physical limits of mobility and health, socioeconomic factors, or political or temporal restraints. Our previous studies have shown that telepresence robots are successful in immersing learners in remote places for learning a foreign language. The aim of this study is to analyze, through the theoretical lens of geosemiotics, how dialogic interaction between different semiotic systems emerges within the use of telepresence technology to understand how these systems shape discourse and meaning-making processes. It also considers what instructional strategies support such meaning-making with telepresence robotics, and what meaning-making principles can help improve the design of the robot. Initial findings show that properly planning the use of specific places provides ample opportunity for semiotic systems to shape the instructors’ and students’ meaning-making processes. Future research is needed to address some of the challenges to participants that are related to the design of the robot.
Simulating the Volcanic Sulfate Aerosols From the 1991 Eruption of Cerro Hudson and Their Impact on the 1991 Ozone Hole
Authors: Case Parker A. , Colarco Peter R. , Toon O. Brian , Newman Paul A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Chilean volcano Cerro Hudson erupted between August 8th and 15th, 1991, injecting between 1.7 and 2.9 Tg of SO2 into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. We simulate this injection using the Goddard Earth Observing System Earth system model with detailed sulfur chemistry and sectional aerosol microphysics, focusing on the resulting aerosols and their contribution to the 1991 Antarctic Austral Springtime ozone hole. The simulations show a column ozone deficit (12 DU) in the Southern Hemisphere vortex collar region. The majority of this effect is between 10 and 20 km and due to heterogeneous chemistry. The model shows a 26% decrease in ozone from background levels at these altitudes, compared with in‐situ observations of a 50% decrease. Above 20 km, the dynamical response to the eruption also causes lower ozone values, a novel modeling result. This experiment highlights potential interactions between proposed solar radiation management geoengineering aerosols and volcanic eruptions.
Thermal Conductivity of MgSiO3‐H2O System Determined by Machine Learning Potentials
Authors: Peng Yihang , Deng Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermal conductivity plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics and evolution of Earth's interior. The Earth's lower mantle is dominated by MgSiO3 polymorphs which may incorporate trace amounts of water. However, the thermal conductivity of MgSiO3‐H2O binary system remains poorly understood. Here, we calculate the thermal conductivity of water‐free and water‐bearing bridgmanite, post‐perovskite, and MgSiO3 melt, using a combination of Green‐Kubo method with molecular dynamics simulations based on a machine learning potential of ab initio quality. The thermal conductivities of water‐free bridgmanite and post‐perovskite overall agree well with previous theoretical and experimental studies. The presence of water mildly reduces the thermal conductivity of the host minerals, significantly weakens the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity, and reduces the thermal anisotropy of post‐perovskite. Overall, water reduces the thermal conductivity difference between bridgmanite and post‐perovskite, and thus may attenuate lateral heterogeneities of the core‐mantle boundary heat flux.
Northward Extension of East Asian Summer Monsoon Since the Miocene Set by the Uplift of Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Linqiang , Zhou Tianjun , Guo Zhun , Zuo Meng , Ren Zikun , Chen Xiaolong , Wu Bo , Zou Liwei , Zhang Lixia , Man Wenmin , Jiang Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe modern East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) features an extension from tropical to subtropical areas. However, the fundamental process that determines the northward extension of EASM in the geological history remains unclear. Here, we showed evidence from proxy data, climate modeling, and theoretical solutions that the northward extension of EASM to today's boundary emerged no later than the Miocene. The extension was driven by the monsoon seasonal march which features stepwise northward rainfall stages. The seasonal progression of monsoon was determined by Rossby wave responses from early summer to late summer and caused by the weakening of westerly jet colliding with the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The Rossby wave responses further led to a northward migration of the western Pacific subtropical high and thereby monsoon precipitation. Our findings propose a novel physical linkage between the geological evolution of EASM and the TP uplift in the context of monsoon seasonal march.
Surface Albedo Feedback, Seasonal Heat Storage and Meridional Heat Transport Determine the Seasonality of Recent Warming in Antarctica
Authors: Dai Haijin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe reanalysis data suggest that recent surface warming over Antarctica start in 2016. In this study, using reanalysis data and numerical simulations, I attempt to determine the important mechanisms accounting for seasonal surface warming in Antarctica. The results suggested that seasonal surface warming in Antarctica is mainly determined by the surface energy budget over the Antarctic via horizontal heat advection. The surface energy budget anomaly over the Antarctic, which is mainly determined by anomalous solar radiation absorption, anomalous ocean heat content, and anomalous meridional atmospheric heat transport (AHT), is triggered by Antarctic sea‐ice loss and thus determines the observational seasonality of recent warming in Antarctica via surface horizontal heat advection. In austral summer (December–January–February), additional solar radiation absorption induced by sea‐ice loss and additional AHT from lower latitudes increase the energy budget over the Antarctic. Surface warming, more longwave radiation, and additional energy stored in the upper (deeper) ocean for short (long) time periods explain the additional energy sinks. During austral autumn‐winter (March–August), additional seasonal heat storage (SHS; mainly stored in the upper ocean) is released to the atmosphere and warms the surface. Although the AHT anomaly contributes similarly to the solar radiation absorption/SHS anomaly during April–August, the poleward AHT largely decreased in June due to the weaker eddy activity induced by strong warming at Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes, which counteracts the additional SHS release and cools the Antarctic(a).
Probabilistic Short‐Term Solar Driver Forecasting With Neural Network Ensembles
Authors: Daniell Joshua D. , Mehta Piyush M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpace weather indices are used to drive forecasts of thermosphere density, which directly affects objects in low‐Earth orbit (LEO) through atmospheric drag force. A set of proxies and indices (drivers), F10.7, S10.7, M10.7, and Y10.7 are used as inputs by the JB2008, (https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008‐6438) thermosphere density model. The United States Air Force (USAF) operational High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM), relies on JB2008, (https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008‐6438), and forecasts of solar drivers from a linear algorithm. We introduce methods using long short‐term memory (LSTM) model ensembles to improve over the current prediction method as well as a previous univariate approach. We investigate the usage of principal component analysis (PCA) to enhance multivariate forecasting. A novel method, referred to as striped sampling, is created to produce statistically consistent machine learning data sets. We also investigate forecasting performance and uncertainty estimation by varying the training loss function and by investigating novel weighting methods. Results show that stacked neural network model ensembles make multivariate driver forecasts which outperform the operational linear method. When using MV‐MLE (multivariate multi‐lookback ensemble), we see an improvement of RMSE for F10.7, S10.7, M10.7, and Y10.7 of 17.7%, 12.3%, 13.8%, 13.7% respectively, over the operational method. We provide the first probabilistic forecasting method for S10.7, M10.7, and Y10.7. Ensemble approaches are leveraged to provide a distribution of predicted values, allowing an investigation into robustness and reliability (R&R) of uncertainty estimates. Uncertainty was also investigated through the use of calibration error score (CES), with the MV‐MLE providing an average CES of 5.63%, across all drivers.
Chronic household air pollution and exposure patterns among Himalayan nomads
Authors: Powers Catlin I. , Li Linyan , Ezzati Majid , Butler James P. , Zigler Corwin M. , Spengler John D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Household air pollution (HAP) is a major risk factor of non-communicable diseases, causing millions of premature deaths each year in developing nations. Populations living at high altitudes are particularly vulnerable to HAP and associated health outcomes.

Objectives
This study aims to explore the relationships between activity patterns, HAP, and an HAP biomarker among 100 Himalayan nomadic households during both cooking and heating-only periods.

Methods
Household CO was monitored in 100 rural homes in Qinghai, China, at 3500 m on the Himalayan Plateau among Himalayan nomads. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) was used as a biomarker to assess exposure among 100 male and 100 female heads of household. Linear mixed-effects models were used to explore the relationship between COHb and activity patterns.

Results
Cooking periods were associated with 7 times higher household CO concentrations compared with heating periods (94 ± 56 ppm and 13 ± 11 ppm, respectively). Over the three-day biomarker-monitoring period in each house, 99% of subjects had at least one COHb measurement exceeding the WHO safety level of 2%. Cooking was associated with a 32% increase in COHb (p < 0.001).

Impact statement
This study on household air pollution (HAP) in high-altitude regions provides important insights into the exposure patterns of nomadic households in Qinghai, China. The study found that cooking is the primary factor influencing acute carbon monoxide (CO) exposure among women, while heating alone is sufficient to elevate CO exposure above WHO guidelines. The results suggest that cooking-only interventions have the potential to reduce HAP exposure among women, but solutions for both cooking and heating may be required to reduce COHb to below WHO guidelines. This study’s findings may inform future interventions for fuel and stove selection to reduce HAP and exposure among other populations.
Developmental and molecular contributions to contextual fear memory emergence in mice
Authors: Lanjewar Alexandra L. , Levitt Pat , Eagleson Kathie L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCognitive impairment is a common phenotype of neurodevelopmental disorders, but how these deficits arise remains elusive. Determining the onset of discrete cognitive capabilities facilitates studies in probing mechanisms underlying their emergence. The present study analyzed the emergence of contextual fear memory persistence (7-day memory retention) and remote memory (30-day memory retention). There was a rapid transition from postnatal day (P) 20 to P21, in which memory persistence emerged in C57Bl/6 J male and female mice. Remote memory was present at P23, but expression was not robust compared to pubertal and adult mice. Previous studies reported that following deletion of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase (MET), there are fear memory deficits in adult mice and the timing of critical period plasticity is altered in the developing visual cortex, positioning MET as a regulator for onset of contextual fear memory. Sustaining Met past the normal window of peak cortical expression or deleting Met, however, did not alter the timing of emergence of persistence or remote memory capabilities during development. Fear memory in young adults, however, was disrupted. Remarkably, compared to homecage controls, the number of FOS-expressing infragranular neurons in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) did not increase from contextual memory formation recall of fear conditioning at P35 but exhibited enhanced activation at P90 in male and female mice. Additionally, MET-expressing neurons were preferentially recruited at P90 compared to P35 during fear memory expression. The studies demonstrate a developmental profile of contextual fear memory capabilities. Further, developmental disruption of Met leads to a delayed functional deficit that arises in young adulthood, correlated with an increase of mPFC neuron activation during fear memory recall.
Awareness of peri-implantitis among general dental practitioners in the UK: a questionnaire study
Authors: Thomas Sonu , Barrak Fadi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction Dental implants are a predictable prosthetic option for replacement of missing teeth with good survival rates. Peri-implant diseases are the main reason for implant failure by causing bone loss around the implant leading to implant loss. General dental practitioners see patients with dental implants routinely and therefore, awareness of risk factors for peri-implant disease and early diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. The aim of this study is to assess the awareness of general dental practitioners in diagnosing peri-implantitis, with a view to identify any potential training needs.Design, setting, materials and methods A quantitative study method was designed using an online questionnaire sent to closed social media groups in the UK. The significance level was taken as p <0.05. The chi-squared tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used with IBM SPSS software. Descriptive statistical analysis of data was also done.Results and conclusion A total of 224 responses were received. The results show that there is lack of awareness of diagnostic criteria of peri-implantitis among general dental practitioners. However, majority of practitioners are aware of the legal implications of failing to diagnose this condition. There is a perceived need for more undergraduate training in diagnosing peri-implant diseases.
Oscillatory and non-oscillatory features of the magnetoencephalic sensorimotor rhythm in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Vinding Mikkel C. , Waldthaler Josefine , Eriksson Allison , Manting Cassia Low , Ferreira Daniel , Ingvar Martin , Svenningsson Per , Lundqvist Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with changes in neural activity in the sensorimotor alpha and beta bands. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated the role of spontaneous neuronal activity within the somatosensory cortex in a large cohort of early- to mid-stage PD patients (N = 78) on Parkinsonian medication and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (N = 60) using source reconstructed resting-state MEG. We quantified features of the time series data in terms of oscillatory alpha power and central alpha frequency, beta power and central beta frequency, and 1/f broadband characteristics using power spectral density. Furthermore, we characterised transient oscillatory burst events in the mu-beta band time-domain signals. We examined the relationship between these signal features and the patients’ disease state, symptom severity, age, sex, and cortical thickness. PD patients and healthy controls differed on PSD broadband characteristics, with PD patients showing a steeper 1/f exponential slope and higher 1/f offset. PD patients further showed a steeper age-related decrease in the burst rate. Out of all the signal features of the sensorimotor activity, the burst rate was associated with increased severity of bradykinesia, whereas the burst duration was associated with axial symptoms. Our study shows that general non-oscillatory features (broadband 1/f exponent and offset) of the sensorimotor signals are related to disease state and oscillatory burst rate scales with symptom severity in PD.