bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilized DNA aptamers used as potent attractors for porcine endothelial precursor cells
Authors: Hoffmann Jan , Paul Angela , Harwardt Marc , Groll Jürgen , Reeswinkel Thomas , Klee Doris , Moeller Martin , Fischer Heike , Walker Tobias , Greiner Tim , Ziemer Gerhard , Wendel Hans P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBecause of their insufficient biocompatibility and high thrombogenicity, small diameter artificial vascular prostheses still do not show a satisfactory patency rate. In vitro endothelialization of artificial grafts before implantation has been established experimentally years ago, but, this procedure is extremely time consuming and expensive. This study deals with the coating of graft surfaces with capture molecules (aptamers) for circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), mimicking a prohoming substrate to fish out EPCs from the bloodstream after implantation and to create an autologous functional endothelium. Using the SELEX technology, aptamers with a high affinity to EPCs were identified, isolated, and grafted onto polymeric discs using a blood compatible star‐PEG coating. A porcine in vitro model that demonstrates the specific adhesion of EPCs and their differentiation into vital endothelial‐like cells within 10 days in cell culture is presented. We suggest that the rapid adhesion of EPCs to aptamer‐coated implants could be useful to promote endothelial wound healing and to prevent increased neointimal hyperplasia. We hypothesize that future in vivo self‐endothelialization of blood contacting implants by homing factor mimetic capture molecules for EPCs may bring revolutionary new perspectives towards clinical applications of stem cell and tissue engineering strategies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Organizational and behavioural consequences of uncertainty: A case study
Authors: Clegg Chris , Fitter Mike 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper examines some of the organizational and behavioural consequences of uncertainty through consideration of a case study. An industrial firm and its problems are described and an attempt is made to understand the origins of the situation using a systems analysis which draws on constructs from the structural, the behavioural and the ‘bureaucratic’ traditions within organization theory. The analysis demonstrates: that the problems are interrelated and stem from the structural arrangements in the firm which are unable to cope with the prevailing uncertainties; that the behavioural difficulties may be seen as manifestations of the underlying structural/environmental mismatch; and, that the problems are exacerbated by apparently logical but paradoxically inappropriate managerial choices and responses. The implications of this study for theory, practice and method are discussed.
The effects of work site, supervisory status, and job function on nuclear workers' responses to the TMI accident
Authors: Chisholm Rupert F. , Kasl Stanislav V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study examines the impact of the Three Mile Island accident on nuclear workers (N = 622) at the accident site and a ‘control’ plant in the same general area. Effects of the accident are examined by respondents' plant location, supervisory status, and basic job function. Major accident effects include perceived radiation exposure during the incident, evacuation behaviour, uncertainty and conflict regarding the accident, job related attitudes and tension, symptoms experienced during the accident period, and demoralization. Several of these general outcomes vary according to supervisory status and functional work area.
After‐effects of job‐related stress: Families as victims
Authors: Jackson Susan E. , Maslach Christina 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn recent years, the unique stress experienced by those who do ‘people work’ has been acknowledged by the helping professions as a widespread problem and has been recognized by social scientists as a topic requiring systematic research. This paper begins by briefly reviewing research on the type of job stress experienced by workers in the helping professions. Then, a study of 142 police couples is reported, illustrating the effects of job stress on family life. In a survey study, police officers and their wives described family interactions. Officers who were experiencing stress, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, were more likely to display anger, spend time off away from the family, be uninvolved in family matters, and to have unsatisfactory marriages. An examination of the coping patterns used to deal with the stress of police work highlights differences between coping strategies used by husbands versus wives.
The changing pictures of the relationship between career and family
Authors: Evans Paul , Bartolomé Fernando 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses how male managers perceive the relationship between their careers and family lives. The authors suggest that a typology of perceptions is necessary to describe this relationship. The way individuals perceive the relationship is influenced by the emotional outcomes of work and the relative importance of work in the life of the person. While the former is mostly the consequence of the job‐person fit, the latter is closely linked to the individual's life stage. Thus, work appears to be the more significant environment in an individual's early adult stages, while family and private life become the more salient environment later in life.
Social movements, the occupational arena and changes in career consciousness: The case of women flight attendants
Authors: Lessor Roberta 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe impact of social movements as a major environmental influence in the evolution of career consciousness was analysed based on extensive interviews of women flight attendants. The aim was to elicit the women's view of their work lives over the past two decades. Flight attendants working in the 1960s entered with the expectation of a short‐term job. From their accounts of personal development and from reviews of newspaper accounts, court cases and union documents, the influence of three major social movements became apparent. The Civil Rights Movement prompted flight attendants to challenge the legality of airline rules that prevented them from working past age 32. The Women's Movement reinforced the value and seriousness of women's commitment to a career and enabled flight attendants to challenge traditional notions of the incompatibility of occupation and family. The Occupational Health Movement, by addressing the collective problems of creating a healthy work environment, mobilized women flight attendants to recognize their long‐term career investment. The findings suggest that social movements provide an additional dimension that is relevant for the future study of career development and continuing occupational socialization.
Family structure, job characteristics, rewards and strains as related to work‐role centrality of employed and self‐employed professional women with children
Authors: Mannheim Bilha , Schiffrin Meira 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study of the work‐role centrality (WRC) of 419 professional women with children in Israel was carried out by means of a mailed questionnaire. WRC measures cognitive investments in the work role, relative to the person's other roles. The results show that these women generally are highly work‐centred, autonomous and rewarded, and experience little work overload, but some person‐role conflict on the job. Employment status, job scope, job autonomy and career anchorage, as well as job rewards, especially intrinsic, are strongly related to work‐role centrality. Family characteristics are not related to WRC. Despite their demanding jobs, these women still perform the traditionally feminine tasks in the family, even when husbands are supportive. Employment status is an important intervening variable in the relationship of WRC and other job characteristics.
Satisfaction with a performance appraisal system and appraisal discussion
Authors: Mount Michael K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSatisfaction with a performance appraisal system and the appraisal discussion was assessed by questionnaires administered to a random sample of managers and employees in a large multinational corporation. Stepwise regression and cross validation analyses were used to identify reliable linear composites for managers (n = 222) and employees (n = 368) on two dependent measures: overall experience with the appraisal system, and quality of the appraisal discussion. The results indicated differences in the aspects of the appraisal process which are related to satisfaction with the appraisal discussion, compared to satisfaction with the overall appraisal system. The results also indicated differences between managers' and employees' opinions regarding the appraisal system. Managers were found to be more satisfied than employees with most aspects of the appraisal system. And, the aspects of the appraisal system which were related to managers' and employees' satisfaction with the appraisal discussion were substantially different.
The impact of primary life involvements on turnover: A comparison of part‐time and full‐time employees
Authors: Werbel James D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper compares the factors which affect the decision of part‐time and full‐time employees to leave an organization. The decision is hypothesized to be contingent on primary life involvements. A sample of 154 registered nurses, with families, was used. The results demonstrated that primary life involvements were useful for predicting turnover of part‐time employees only. The results were integrated with research which suggests that different types of attitudes predict turnover of part‐time and full‐time employees.
Job involvement as a moderator variable in the life events stress–illness relationship
Authors: Innes J. M. , Clarke Adrienne 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt is hypothesized that the relationship between life events and reported symptoms of psychological and physical illness is moderated by the extent to which a person is job‐involved. Analysis of the data in a sample of employed men shows large correlations between a measure of life events and reported symptoms for men with low job involvement, substantially higher than where the men are highly job‐involved.
The effects of social support on nuclear worker responses to the Three Mile Island accident
Authors: Chisholm Rupert F. , Kasl Stanislav V. , Mueller Lloyd 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study examines the effects of social support on the reactions of nuclear workers at the Three Mile Island plant and a comparison site to stress during the 1979 crisis. Results show broad main effects of social support on stress, strain, and health outcome variables. Moderating effects of support are highly selective and become less extensive as the hypothesized stress process moves from stress to strain to health outcomes. Findings are compared between the two nuclear plants and with other studies conducted under non‐crisis conditions.
The accumulation of person‐environment congruences and well‐being
Authors: Meir Elchanan I. , Melamed Samuel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe impact of the additivity of three aspects of person‐environment congruence — vocational, avocational and skill utilization — to well‐being was assessed by four measures: occupational satisfaction, work satisfaction, somatic complaints and anxiety. Subjects were 74 female teachers. Findings showed: (a) the three congruence aspects were not interrelated; (b) all congruence aspects were correlated with all well‐being measures in the expected direction; and (c) combinations of the three congruence aspects had an additive effect: the higher the number of congruence aspects the higher the well‐being. The implications of congruence additivity to stress research and to vocational counselling was discussed.
Winners and losers: Employee perceptions of their company's technological transformation
Authors: Roskies Ethel , Liker Jeffrey K. , Roitman David B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper reports an unusual opportunity to explore the range of reactions that a company's technological transformation aroused in its workforce. Based on tape recordings of interviews conducted with 56 of the 141 employees, individuals were categorized on the basis of their perception of proportion of personal gains to losses: 21 were identified as winners, 17 as losers, and 18 as sideliners. Concurrently, researchers independently rated the job fate of each individual as a result of the changes, classifying jobs as protected/enhanced, threatened/diminished or unaffected. Losers were similar to winners in their belief in the need for change, their strong identification with the company, and even the amount of job disruption already experienced. Where they differed significantly, was in their perception of the future; losers feared that they would not have a place in the new company or elsewhere, and from their perspective job content was clearly irrelevant until and unless job security, or at least employment elsewhere, was assured. Losers' fears could not be dismissed simply as ‘resistance to change’ but had some basis in reality in that there was a strong correlation between loser status and threatened diminished job status, as judged by external observers. Based on these findings, the argument is made that research on the human consequences of technological transformation cannot be limited only to positive or negative effects, but should include a consideration of both; the recognition of the complexity and differential impact of technological change constitutes a first step in being able both to foster its progress while, at the same time, seeking means to moderate its negative consequences.
Occupational stress among health care workers: A test of the job demands‐control model
Authors: Landsbergis Paul A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractModels of occupational stress have often failed to make explicit the variable of control over the environment, as well as the role of job socialization in shaping personality characteristics and coping behaviours. This neglect has helped maintain the focus of stress reduction interventions on the individual. A new model of occupational stress developed by Robert Karasek incorporates control and socialization effects and has successfully predicted the development of heart disease and psychological strain.A survey instrument derived from the model was distributed to 771 hospital and nursing home employees in New Jersey, and 289 (37.5 per cent) were returned. Respondents did not significantly differ from non‐respondents by age, sex, job tenure, union membership status, job satisfaction, job perceptions and attitude towards employer and union.The results support the hypothesis that reported job strain (job dissatisfaction, depression, psychosomatic symptoms) and burnout is significantly higher in jobs that combine high workload demands with low decision latitude. This association remained significant after controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, children, hours worked per week and shift worked. Other job characteristics (job insecurity, physical exertion, social support, hazard exposure) were also associated with strain and burnout.The survey instrument also identified high strain jobtitles in the surveyed workplaces. The results are discussed in relation to directions for future research, research on stress in nursing, and approaches to stress reduction.
Does urethral competence affect urodynamic voiding parameters in women with prolapse?
Authors: Nygaard Ingrid , Kreder Karl , Mueller Elizabeth , Brubaker Linda , Goode Patricia , Visco Anthony , Weber Anne M. , Cundiff Geoff , Wei John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAimsTo (1) compare voiding parameters and (2) correlate symptoms and urodynamic findings in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and varying degrees of urethral competence.MethodsWe compared three groups of women with stages II–IV POP. Groups 1 and 2 were symptomatically stress continent women participating in the Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts (CARE) trial; during prolapse reduction before sacrocolpopexy, Group 1 (n = 67) did not have and Group 2 (n = 84) had urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) during prolapse reduction. Group 3 participants (n = 74), recruited specifically for this study, had stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms and planned sacrocolpopexy. Participants completed standardized uroflowmetry, pressure voiding studies, and validated symptom questionnaires.ResultsSubjects' median age was 61 years, median parity 3 and 87% had stage III or IV POP. Fourteen percent of women in Group 3 demonstrated USI without, and 70% with, prolapse reduction. Women in Groups 2 and 3 had more detrusor overactivity (DO) than Group 1 (17 and 24% vs. 6%, P = 0.02) and detrusor overactivity incontinence (DOI) (15 and 8% vs. 0%, P = 0.004). Based on the Blaivis–Groutz nomogram, 60% of all women were obstructed. Post‐void residual volume (PVR), peak flow rate, detrusor pressure at peak flow, voiding mechanisms, voiding patterns, obstruction and urinary retention did not differ among groups. Women in Group 3 had higher irritative and obstructive symptom scores than Group 1 or 2; neither score differed by presence of DO nor obstruction, respectively.ConclusionWomen with POP have significant rates of urodynamic obstruction and retention, independent of their continence status. Symptoms of obstruction and retention correlate poorly with urodynamic findings. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:1030–1035, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The extracorporeal perfusion of the female pig detrusor as an experimental model for the study of bladder contractility
Authors: Dittrich Ralf , Beckmann Matthias W. , Maake Caroline , Oppelt Patricia G. , Mueller Andreas , Mueller Siegfried , Hoffmann Inge , Naumann Gert , Koelbl Heinz , Maltaris Theodoros 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAimsThe objective of the study was to establish an experimental model for the extracorporeal perfusion of the pig detrusor. In order to validate this model we examined some biochemical parameters and determined the effect of carbachol on the contractility of perfused female pig bladders.MethodsTwenty‐six pig bladders were perfused with Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate‐glucose buffer for a period up to 5 hr with the aim to preserve a viable organ, which would be responsive to contraction‐inducing agents. The intravesical pressure of the bladder as well as the intraarterial pressure of the vesical arteries were recorded before and after administration of carbachol.ResultsThe perfusate pH, lactate, partial carbon dioxide tension, and the ATP content in the perfused tissue, all indicators of tissue ischemia or cell necrosis, showed a good preservation of the organ for up to 5 hr. Carbachol was able to induce contractions of the prefilled bladder with a complete draining of the bladder throughout the whole perfusion period.ConclusionsWe could demonstrate that this perfusion system was able to preserve the pig bladder in a functional condition, appropriate for the study of physiological questions. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:1024–1029, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multilevel method for discontinuous Galerkin approximation of three‐dimensional anisotropic elliptic problems
Authors: Kraus J. K. , Tomar S. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe construct optimal order multilevel preconditioners for interior‐penalty discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element discretizations of three‐dimensional (3D) anisotropic elliptic boundary‐value problems. In this paper, we extend the analysis of our approach, introduced earlier for 2D problems (SIAM J. Sci. Comput., accepted), to cover 3D problems. A specific assembling process is proposed, which allows us to characterize the hierarchical splitting locally. This is also the key for a local analysis of the angle between the resulting subspaces. Applying the corresponding two‐level basis transformation recursively, a sequence of algebraic problems is generated. These discrete problems can be associated with coarse versions of DG approximations (of the solution to the original variational problem) on a hierarchy of geometrically nested meshes. A new bound for the constant γ in the strengthened Cauchy–Bunyakowski–Schwarz inequality is derived. The presented numerical results support the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the potential of this approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marketing of cultural institutions in French‐speaking Switzerland
Authors: Courvoisier François H. , Courvoisier Fabienne A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Marketing in cultural institutions is a field that has rarely been studied in French‐speaking Switzerland so far.

Therefore this paper explores the way in which visitors‐clients appreciate qualitatively their contacts with cultural institutions concerned with the visual arts in comparison with the communication strategy of the curators and directors of museums.

A survey has been conducted amongst 20 museums and over 200 visitors of French‐speaking Switzerland to evaluate the way visitors perceive the marketing of cultural institutions and behave accordingly or not.

The paper concludes with recommendations to improve the knowledge of the visitors' background and expectations.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The analysis of Neisseria meningitidis proteomes: Reference maps and their applications
Authors: Bernardini Giulia , Braconi Daniela , Santucci Annalisa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNeisseria meningitidis is an encapsulated Gram‐negative bacterium responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The availability of meningococcal genome sequences in combination with the rapid growth of proteomic techniques and other high‐throughput methods, provided new approaches to the analysis of bacterial system biology. This review considers the meningococcal reference maps so far published as a starting point aimed to elucidate bacterial physiology and pathogenicity, paying particular attention to proteins with potential vaccine and diagnostic applications.
New tools and approaches to expand global process safety capabilities
Authors: Berger Scott , Person Karen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFrom 1985 to 2000, large western chemical and petroleum companies, collaborating through the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), developed a sophisticated level of process safety knowledge and shared this knowledge in the western world through conferences and English‐language books. This approach proved satisfactory to address the process safety needs of a large proportion of global industry existing at the time. However, since 2000, the industry has been expanding significantly in developing regions of the world. Communications in these new regions are complicated by language, time zone differences, and culture.Additionally, as reported by the US Chemical Safety Board, many smaller companies, even in the west, are often unaware of the considerable resources that have been developed. Finally, new engineers entering the workplace around the world are generally unable to travel, to attend courses or technical sessions. And because of the Internet resources available to them during their formative years, they are less enthused about plowing through hardcover books to retrieve information.It is clear that traditional books, courses, and technical sessions do not always successfully reach all of these groups. CCPS has recognized that the communication paradigm must be changed and expanded. This article addresses what CCPS is doing to (a) close physical and language gaps, through on‐site participation and translation of key materials, and (b) use exciting new Internet tools to facilitate interactions across distances that meet the needs of new engineers. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007