bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Heat of Solution and Solvation Number of Lithium Salts in Water–Alcohol Mixtures
Authors: Mashima Michio , Takase Takao , Fukuda Shinroku , Baba Norio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solvation numbers of LiCl and LiI, and of KI for comparison, in water–MeOH mixtures and water–i-PrOH mixtures were determined at an infinite dilution at 25 °C from the adiabatic compressibility. The heats of solution of these salts were also determined. In general, with an increase in the concentration of alcohol the solvation number increases initially to reach a maximum at 10–30 mol% alcohol, then it decreases to a minimum and increases again from about 75 mol% alcohol. The maximum solvation numbers of the salts determined are as follows: LiCl 11.2 mol/mol at 30 mol% MeOH; LiCl 11.5 mol/mol at 15 mol% i-PrOH; LiI 8.2 mol/mol at 12 mol% i-PrOH and KI 14.0 mol/mol at 10 mol% i-PrOH. The larger the cation, the larger the solvation number. Also, the composition of the solvant where the salt containing larger ions has a maximum solvation number has a lower concentration of alcohol. The maximum solvation number of LiI containing a larger anion is smaller than that of LiCl because an iodide ion has a much larger structure-breaking effect than a chloride ion. By the way, there seems to be difference in the structure of the mixed solvent before and after the maximum solvation number.
Characteristics of Coordination Compounds of Calcein Blue for a Tunable Organic Liquid Laser
Authors: Imasaka Totaro , Ogawa Teiichiro , Ishibashi Nobuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The lasing and spectroscopic properties of coordination compounds of Calcein Blue with aluminium, calcium, strontium, and barium in water and in a water–ethanol mixture were investigated. The chelate formation improved the lasing properties of Calcein Blue, since the fluorescence quantum yield was increased by the formation of rigid rings in the molecule, and the lasing wavelength could be modified by the metal ion. By using these coordination compounds, tunable laser emissions were observed in the spectral range of 400–478 nm with a low threshold excitation intensity. The threshold excitation intensities excited by the nitrogen laser, the pulse width of which was very short (2.5 ns), were formulated by means of the spectral parameters for such molecules as its Stokes shift was large and its singlet-singlet absorption could be ignored. The calculated values obtained by this formula agreed well with the experimental values in water.
Temperature-independent Delayed Fluorescence of Benzo[f]quinoline in Biphenyl Host: A New Interpretation of Delayed Fluorescence Behavior around 77 K
Authors: Kusumoto Yoshihumi , Gondo Yasuhiko , Kanda Yoshiya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The delayed fluorescence observed in the mixed crystals of benzo[f]quinoline in biphenyl host has been found to be independent of temperature in the low temperature region from 90 K down to liquid helium temperature, and subtraction of this temperature-independent contribution from the observed total delayed fluorescence intensity above 90 K has given straight-line fits of the logIDF⁄IP2 vs. 1/T plots, that is, a single activation energy has been obtained over the whole temperature range studied, instead of two different ones as usually assumed. Such a correction has also been given to a new attempt of logIDF vs. 1/T plots successfully. Moreover, the decay behavior of the delayed luminescence has been studied over the wide temperature and concentration range. It has been concluded that the decay behavior of the temperature-independent delayed fluorescence may mainly be responsible for the nonexponential decay of the delayed fluorescence around 77 K.
Composition and Some Physical Properties of Complex TCNQ Anion Radical Salts Containing Quinolinium, N-Methylquinolinium, and their Isomeric Cations
Authors: Matsunaga Yoshio , Tanaka Tomio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Complex TCNQ, anion radical salts containing quinolinium, isoquinolinium, and their methyl derivatives were prepared. Quinolinium and cations having molecular envelopes of 2-methylnaphthalene form 1 : 2 salts, whereas isoquinolinium and cations having molecular envelopes of 1-methylnaphthalene give 2 : 3 salts. Only N-methylquinolinium forms salts containing the solvent of crystallization. The room temperature resistivities of the polycrystalline compactions are in the range from 0.5 to 3.9 ohm cm, and the Seebeck coefficients are in the range from −41 to −54 μV/deg for the 1 : 2 salts and in the range from −12 to −23 μV/deg for the 2 : 3 salts. The diffuse reflection spectra of all the salts are similar to each other. A splitting of the band in the 10×103 cm−1 region was observed only for the 1 : 2 salts. In the total reflectance spectra, the salts show Drude-like edges in the region from 6×103 to 8×103 cm−1.
The Concentration Dependence of the Raman Intensity in Binary Mixtures and the Determination of Polarizability and Hyperpolarizability Derivative Tensors
Authors: Koike Jun , Suzuki Tetsuo , Fujiyama Tsunetake 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Raman intensities were observed at various concentrations. The observed lines were: the ν8 line of CH3CN (in CCl4 and CH3I), the ν3 line of CH3I (in CCl4), and the ν2 line of CHCl3 (in CCl4). Even after the elimination of the local-field effect, the Raman intensities showed concentration dependencies. The observed solvent effects were explained quantitatively by the use of the dipole interaction model. The polarizability and hyperpolarizability derivatives were determined for the ν8 fundamental of CH3CN. The criteria for the internal standard method were discussed quantitatively.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Hydrothermally Synthesized Barium Ferrite, Ba4Fe9O20H6
Authors: Kitahama Katsuki , Kiriyama Ryôiti 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new barium ferrite, Ba4Fe9O20H6, has been synthesized by a hydrothermal technique. This crystallizes in a monoclinic system with a=10.263(5), b=5.986(3), c=14.559(6) Å, β=95.20(3)°, Z=2, space group C2/m. The structure was determined by Patterson and Fourier methods from three-dimensional X-ray counter data and refined by block-diagonal least-squares calculations to R=0.098 for 1128 reflections. The structure consists of condensed layers of ferrite anions, Fe(OH)63− clusters, and Ba2+ cations; it has the character of a crystal growth from aqueous solutions. The presence of Fe2+ was confirmed; such ions are located in the condensed ferrite layer. Consequently, the true formula should be written as Ba4[FeIII(OH)6][FeIIFe7IIIO14]. This crystal is ferrimagnetic below the Nèel point of 515 K. The magnetic moment was estimated to be about 10 μB per formula unit at 0 K.
Studies on the Tautomerism of 2-Anilinopyridine and Related Heterocycles
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Otsuka Soichi , Masuda Hideyuki , Hirota Minoru , Ito Yoshio , Hamada Yoshiki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-(N-Methylanilino) and 1-methyl-2-phenylimino derivatives of pyridine and quinoline were prepared as models for the amino and the imino tautomers of 2-anilino-pyridine and -quinoline. The ultraviolet, infrared and NMR spectra of these compounds were compared with those of the model compounds. The spectral data show that the amino tautomers are by far preferred in various solvents. The pKa measurement on 1-methyl-2-phenylimino-1,2-dihydropyridine allows the assumption of the tautomeric equilibrium constant.
Synthesis of 4-Amino-2-hydroxybutanoic Acid and Its 3-Methyl Derivative
Authors: Sato Hiroko , Kusumi Takenori , Imaye Kyoto , Kakisawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1,3-Dipolar addition of the nitronic ester (3) to methyl acrylate afforded regiospecifically the isoxzolidine (4), which produced the oxime ether (7) on heating. Reduction of 7 followed by hydrolysis gave the hydroxy amino acid (6), which is known to improve anitibiotic activities. The nitronic ester (3) also reacted regio- and stereospecifically with methyl crotonate to produce the adduct (8). Pyrolysis of (8) followed by reduction and hydrolysis gave the erythro hydroxy amino acid (11).
Retrograde Aldol Reaction of 3-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-2,4-pentanedione Catalyzed by the Bivalent Metal Complexes of 2,4-Pentanedione
Authors: Uehara Kaku , Ohashi Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The bivalent metal complexes of 2,4-pentanedione(M(acac)2) catalyzes the conversion of 3-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-2,4-pentanedione(A) into chloral and acetylacetone(Hacac) in a chloroform solution. The order of activity of M(acac)2 as the catalyst is: Mg(II), Mn(II)&gt;Co(II)&gt;Ni(II)&gt;Cu(II)&lt;Zn(II). It was found that the catalyzed reaction proceeds through saturation-type kinetics. The Lineweaver-Burk-type plots show linear relationships and are consistent with a mechanism in which a preequilibrium complex formation between M(acac)2 and a substrate is followed by the rate-determining decomposition to give the products. Acetylacetone acts as a competitive inhibitor for the Cu(acac)2-catalyzed reaction. The third stability constant for the Cu–Hacac chelate system can be evaluated from the inhibitor constant as log K3=4.3. The retrograde aldol reactions of 3-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-5-methyl-2,4-hexanedione and 3-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-4-phenyl-2,4-butanedione were studied in the same manner as 3-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl)-2,4-pentanedione. A possible mechanism for the catalysis is proposed.
Preparation of Polyvinylamine by the Hofmann Degradation of Polyacrylamide
Authors: Tanaka Hiroo , Senju Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polyvinylamine which contained 95.6 mol% amine units was obtained when the Hofmann degradation was applied to polyacrylamide by use of a very slight excess of sodium hypochlorite and a large excess of sodium hydroxide at 0 to −15 °C for about 15 h. Polyvinylamine hydrochloride (PVAm·HCl) was isolated almost quantitatively as a white powder. PVAm·HCl was freely soluble in water, but insoluble in organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The desalting of PVAm·HCl was performed by passing its aqueous solution through columns of ion exchange resins. The product containing 30.5% nitrogen was obtained in reasonable yield. Polyvinylamine was freely soluble in water, acetic acid, or lower alcohols, but insoluble in solvents such as acetone, dioxane, DMF, and DMSO.
Esters of Phosphorus Oxy Acids as Alkylating Agents. IV. N-Alkylation of Imidazole and Its Analogs with Alkyl Esters of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids
Authors: Hayashi Masahiro , Yamauchi Kiyoshi , Kinoshita Masayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl, ethyl esters of phosphonic and phosphinic acids were found to be efficient alkylating agents for imidazole, benzimidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,3-benzotriazole and pyrazole, giving the corresponding N-methyl or N-ethyl derivatives.
Sound Velocity in Aqueous Solutions of Ammonium Halides
Authors: Endo Harumi , Nomoto Otohiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The sound velocity in water aqueous solutions increases with increasing temperature and reaches the maximum velocity (Vp) at a peak temperature (Tp). In the present paper, the concentration dependence of Tp and Vp in ammonium halides are reported. It was found empirically that the relationship between the hydration number and the slope (ΔTp⁄μ of Tp at infinite dilution for many electrolytes is linear, but that for ammonium halides this is not the case.
Studies with Parchment Supported Membranes. VII. Application of Fick’s Diffusion Law and Nernst-Planck Formulae for Electrical Potential—Consideration of Membrane Field Strength and Energetics of Permeation of Cations
Authors: Siddiqi Fasih A , Beg M Nasim , Haque Abdul , Singh Surendra P 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electrolytic transport processes occurring across parchment supported membranes have been described by Nernst-Planck flux equation taking into account the membrane resistance Rm, membrane potential Em etc. Em values for various electrolytes display very interesting phenomena. In the case of 1 : 1 electrolyte the Em values are all positive, while in the case of (2 : 1) and (3 : 1) electrolytes surface charge reversal takes place. The diffusion rate sequence and selectivity of the membrane for different uni-, bi-, and tri-valent cations was found to be primarily dependent on the difference in the hydration energies of counter ions in the external solution. On the basis of Eisenman-Sherry theory the diffusion rate sequence of alkali metal cations point towards the weak field strength of the fixed charge groups. Various thermodynamic parameters, ΔH≠, ΔF\eweq, and ΔS\eweq were evaluated by applying the theory of absolute reaction rates to the diffusion process through parchment supported membranes. The values of ΔH\eweq were found to be negative, indicating that diffusion takes place with partial immobilization in the membrane phase. The relative partial immobility was found to increase with increase in the valence of the ions constituting the electrolyte. A formal relation between ΔHhydration, ΔFhydration, and ΔShydration of cations with the corresponding values of ΔH\eweq, ΔF\eweq, and ΔS\eweq for diffusion, was also found to exist for these membranes.
Dielectric Relaxation in Some Substituted Benzaldehydes in Benzene at Different Temperatures
Authors: Singh Buta , Vij J K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Measurements of the relative permittivity at 1 MHz and 9.27 GHz, and of the refractive index for the sodium-D line have been made for (A) o-nitrobenzaldehyde, (B) m-nitrobenzaldehyde, (C) m-chlorobenzaldehyde, and (D) p-chlorobenzaldehyde, at 15, 25, 35, and 45 °C in dilute solutions of benzene. The dielectric relaxation times τ(1) and τ(2) have been calculated using the Higasi, Koga, and Nakamura method. The results suggest that the relaxation time for the overall rotation decreases at a greater rate than the one for the internal rotation. The thermodynamic energy parameters have been calculated. The results show that the freedom of rotation of the –CHO group increases around the Calip–Carom bond as an electronegative substituent moves from the o- to m- to p- positions.
Studies on Some Mixed Schiff’s Base Complexes. V.
Authors: Kohli Rakesh Kumar , Bhattacharya P K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As regards the preparation and characterization of some new mixed complexes of the type MLL′ where M=Cu(II), Ni(II); L=salicylaldimine and L′=(o-hydroxybenzyl)(ethylideneamine) or o-hydroxydiphenylenethylene-amine or their derivatives, we have carried out the preparation of a few similar types of complexes where L′=2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethyleneamine. The mixed imine Schiff’s base complexes have been prepared by treating the metal ammine complex with an equivalent amount of salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. Amine exchange reactions were also been carried out by treatment of mixed imine Schiff’s base complex with ethylenediamine(en) or propylenediamine(pn). The complexes of new Schiff’s base were formed where diamine have salicylaldehyde condensed at one end and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde at the other end. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, TLC analysis, conductance measurements, magnetic measurements, and spectral analysis.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Tetraalkylammonium Haloborates. I.
Authors: Sheikh S U 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis of tetraalkylammonium haloborates lead to the formation of trialkylamine trihaloborane and dialkylamino dihaloborane followed by illpredictable intermediates leading to the formation of boronnitrogen polymers.
An Application of Current-pulse Electrolysis to an Electro-initiated Polymerization of Acrylamide
Authors: Ogumi Zempachi , Takehara Zenichiro , Yoshizawa Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A unidirectional current pulse was applied to the electro-initiated polymerization of acrylamide in a Kolbe system, and the behavior of intermediate was investigated. The formation rate of the oligomer during the current-on pulse was not affected by the pulse length, and it was almost the same as that under steady conditions. An oligomer was also formed during current-off pulse. The formation rate of the oligomer during the current-off pulse was calculated on the base of the mechanism presented in previous papers; the calculated results agreed well with the experimental results. The half-life time of intermediate radical, [RM·], was about 10 ms.
The Microwave Spectrum of Ethyl Isocyanate
Authors: Sakaizumi Takeshi , Yamada Osamu , Ushida Kyoichi , Ohashi Osamu , Yamaguchi Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The microwave spectrum of ethyl isocyanate, CH3CH2NCO, has been obtained in the frequency region from 8.5 to 35.5 GHz. The spectrum identified is attributed to the cis conformation, in which the methyl group eclipses the isocyanato group. The rotational constants in the ground vibrational state obtained are A=14110±3, B=3067.91±0.02, and C=2605.01±0.02 MHz. The dipole moment (μa) for this rotamer is 2.81±0.02 D. Four sets of vibrational satellites were observed and assigned to the transitions in the first, second, third, and fourth excited states of the C–N torsional vibration.
The Penetration of Disodium Hexadecyl Phosphate to the Monolayers of Cholesterol and its Esters from the Underlyning Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Handa Tetsurou 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface pressure of the monolayers of cholesterol (CH), cholesteryl acetate(CA), and cholesteryl propionate (CP) on the aqueous solutions of disodium hexadecyl phosphate (SHP) was measured. The monolayer exhibited a more expanded state on the solution than on pure water. The curves showing the surface pressure against the area per molecule of each monolayer had a kink point, which was considered to indicate the collapse of the monolayer. The amount of SHP penetrating into the insoluble monolayer was calculated by means of the Gibbs adsorption equation. It was found that the relation between the penetration amount and the activity of SHP in the aqueous solution could be expressed by a modification of the Langmuir adsorption equation. It was also found that the saturated amount of the penetration decreased, and the Langmuir coefficient increased, with the compression of the monolayer.
Deactivation of Triplet 2-Naphthol and 1-Anthrol by Aromatic N-Heteroeycles
Authors: Yamamoto Sada-aki , Kikuchi Koichi , Kokubun Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A flash-photolytic investigation was carried out on the hydrogen bonding interaction of triplet 2-naphthol and 1-anthrol with aromatic N-heterocycles such as 4-methylpyridine, quinoline, and benzo[h]quinoline. The deactivation of triplet 2-naphthol and 1-anthrol by aromatic N-heterocycles was found to be due to the hydrogen atom transfer reaction. The relationship between the reactivity and the reduction potential of aromatic N-heterocycles suggests that the electron transfer from the triplet to the quencher is the primary process of the hydrogen atom transfer reaction.
The Effect of Pressure on the Dissociation of Weak Acids in Aqueous Buffers
Authors: Tsuda Motoyuki , Shirotani Ichimin , Minomura Shigeru , Terayama Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of pressure on the dissociation of boric acid, imidazole HCl, and H2PO4− in aqueous buffers has been investigated up to 6 kbars, using as optical indicators p-nitrophenol and Cresol Red. The limiting volume change on ionization at atmospheric pressure (Δ\barV°) and the compressibility change (Δ\barκ°) for these weak acids were obtained. The values of Δ\barV° (cm3 mol−1) and Δ\barκ° (cm3 mol−1 kbar−1) are −10.1 and −0.4 for Cresol Red, −30.2 and −4.3 for boric acid, and −2.4 and −0.6 for imidazole H+.
Selective Hydrogen Atom Abstraction by Hydrogen Atoms in Photolysis and Radiolysis of Alkane Mixtures at 77 K
Authors: Miyazaki Tetsuo , Kinugawa Kazuhisa , Eguchi Masao , Guedes Selma M L 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A selective hydrogen atom abstraction reaction by H atoms, which are produced at 77K by radiolysis of alkane or photolysis of hydrogen halides, has been found in isobutane, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane (TMB), and cyclopropane matrices as well as in the neopentane matrix. The selective hydrogen atom abstraction reaction is caused by H atoms which have initial kinetic energies in the range from 15 to 67 kcal/mol. The reaction is caused also by D atoms. The competitive reaction between c-C6H12 and HI for H atoms has been studied in the radiolysis and photolysis of neo-C5H12–c-C6H12–HI mixture at 77K. The rate constants of these reactions in the neopentane matrix are quite different from those of a thermal H atom reaction, but similar to those of a hot H atom reaction. The importance of the selective hydrogen atom abstraction reaction by H atoms is pointed out in the radical formation in the radiolysis of pure TMB at 77K.
A Consideration on the Energy Efficiency of Agitation in Emulsion
Authors: Hidaka Hisao , Noro Shun’ichi , Takamura Akira , Koishi Masumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of mechanical factors on the energy efficieucy of agitation in o/w-type emulsions were investigated. The impeller diameters used were 49.0, 65.0, 80.1, and 89.9 mmφ and the number of revolution was set at 200, 330, 400, 530, 660, or 812 rpm. The viscosity ratios (μd⁄μc) were 0.836: 1,0.0861: 1,0.000777: 1, and 0.000173: 1. The size of the dispersed liquid droplets was measured by the microphotographic method. The mean diameter of the droplets, their size distribution, and the agitation torque were determined, and the energy efficiency of agitation was evaluated. When the viscosity ratio was near 0.00861: 1, the energy efficiency of agitation showed a maximum. Furthermore, the energy efficiency decreased as the mean surface-volume diameter became smaller.
The Primary Process of the Photochemical Formation of 1-Nitrenopyrene
Authors: Sumitani Minoru , Nagakura Saburo , Yoshihara Keitaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The primary process of the photo-decomposition of 1-azidopyrene (Py–N3) was studied with the aid of nanosecond time-resolved laser photolysis. An excited singlet 1-nitrenopyrene (Py–N) was identified as an intermediate for the formation of the ground triplet nitrene. The direct photo-decomposition of 1-azidopyrene occurs through Py–N3* (singlet)→Py–N* (singlet)→Py–N (triplet). The lifetime of the excited singlet nitrene was found to be 22 ns at room temperature in benzene and was found to be slightly longer at 77 K.
Vibration Spectra and Rotational Isomerism of Chain Molecules. I. Methyl Propyl Ether, Ethyl Propyl Ether, and Butyl Methyl Ether
Authors: Shimanouchi Takehiko , Ogawa Yoshiki , Ohta Masahiro , Matsuura Hiroatsu , Harada Issei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Raman and infrared spectra of methyl propyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, and butyl methyl ether were measured for the gaseous, liquid, glassy and crystalline states. The normal vibration frequencies were calculated, a consistent set of force constants explaining the frequencies of basic aliphatic ethers being assumed. The rotational isomerism was studied and the following conclusions were obtained. (1) Only the all-trans form exists in the crystalline state. (2) Another form which takes the gauche conformation about the OC–CC axis and the trans conformation about the CC–CC and CO–CC axes exists in the glassy state. (3) Other forms also exist in the liquid state. These results confirmed that the repulsive force between nonbonded hydrogen atoms was one of the important factors influencing the stability of molecular conformations. The stable conformations of the ether molecules were correlated with those of polyether chains.