bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Typology of Japanese Enterprise Unions
Authors: Benson John 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAre Japanese enterprise unions similar, or are there substantial variations among these unions in relation to their dependence on management and their structures for member involvement? Using a survey of unions conducted in 1991 and detailed interviews with union officials in 1993, a typology of enterprise unionism is developed. A preliminary assessment of the model is then made with reference to a range of industrial relations practices and behaviour.
Chinese Trade Unions in the Transition from Socialism: Towards Corporatism or Civil Society?
Authors: White Gordon 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe article explores the changing role of China's trade unions in the era of post‐Mao economic reform in the light of two alternative scenarios of organizational evolution—corporatism and civil society. Using interviews and survey materials as well as documentary evidence, it concludes that the increasing complexity of the Chinese economy and the tensions it is producing are creating an associational universe of workers' organizations which is diverse and volatile, embodying elements of both scenarios. In such a context, corporatist industrial relations will be difficult to establish and maintain and it is likely that, in relations between unions and the party‐state, the principles of corporatist inclusion and free association will come into increasing conflict.
Unitarism, Pluralism, Interests and Values
Authors: Provis Chris 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe paper notes that in both management theory and pluralist political theory there has recently been increased emphasis on culture and values. The implication is that the ideas of unitarism and pluralism in industrial relations need to be reconsidered. Traditionally, they have been expounded in terms of interests, and values are significantly different from interests. An emphasis on values rather than interests raises some new problems both for unitarists and pluralists. For unitarists, ‘managing values’ can involve paradox and contradiction. For pluralists, emphasis on values requires a new conception of the process by which differences are reconciled, and may require changes to union structures.
Why Do Firms Adopt Profit‐Sharing and Employee Ownership Plans?
Authors: Kruse Douglas L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractProfit‐sharing and employee ownership in companies have attracted considerable interest, yet there has been little research on factors predicting the adoption and maintenance of these plans. This study uses new data from a survey of 500 US public companies, and panel data on corporate financial variables, to examine factors predicting the presence and adoption of profit‐ sharing and employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) in the 1975–91 period. Several findings support productivity‐related motivations for such plans (including higher R&D levels among old profit‐sharing firms, and recent adoption of job enrichment programmes among new profit‐sharing firms), while others support flexibility‐related motivations (including higher variance in profits prior to the adoption of profit‐sharing plans and ESOPs). Unionized firms were less likely to have either type of plan in 1975, but equally likely to adopt them subsequently (often in concessionary contracts). Comparisons of cross‐sectional and panel results illustrate advantages of panel data in disentangling the causes and effects of profit‐sharing and ESOPs.
Coercion and the Trade Unions: a Reconsideration of Hayek
Authors: Richardson Ray 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFriedrich Hayek was an influential critic of trade unions, especially critical of their presumed ability to act ‘coercively’. Without coercive power unions could be benign; with coercive power they were seen to be a force for profound loss and danger. The paper examines Hayek's understanding of the general concept of coercion, and discusses how he applied it to the analysis of trade unions. It also looks at his more speculative treatment of trade unions in a ‘non‐coercive’ world to see what that suggests about his analysis of trade unions. I conclude that Hayek's notion of coercion was unsatisfactory, that he was seriously inconsistent in his use of the term, and that he was hopelessly confused in his analysis of unions.
Union Effects on Earnings Dispersion in Australia, 1986–1994
Authors: Borland Jeff 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn Australia a large decline in union density has occurred since the mid‐1970s. This paper examines the effect of the decline in union density on the dispersion of earnings in Australia between 1986 and 1994. Changes in union density are found to have increased earnings dispersion for male employees over this period, but do not appear to have had a strong effect on earnings dispersion for female employees. The main cause of changes in earnings dispersion for both male and female employees has been an increase in the dispersion of earnings of non‐union employees.
Industrial Relations in Hotels and Catering: Neglect and Paradox?
Authors: Lucas Rosemary 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGiven that hotels and catering comprise an important part of the service sector representing the changing face of the economy, their neglect in industrial relations discourse about the ‘new’ industrial relations is no longer sustainable. Previously unpublished data from the Workplace Industrial Relations Survey 1990 (WIRS3) have provided the first opportunity for systematic analysis and evaluation of employment relationship issues in the industry and finds them to be different from those observed elsewhere in the economy. Consequently, hotels and catering can be said to manifest a predominance of ‘unbridled individualism’ associated with ‘poor’ industrial relations outcomes which, paradoxically, exist alongside an above average presence of personnel specialists.
Searching for injustice and finding solidarity? A contribution to the mobilisation theory debate
Authors: Atzeni Maurizio 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThis article, using empirical data from cases of mobilisation in 1996 in Argentina, offers new evidence to build on the theory of mobilisation as recently proposed by John Kelly. The use of injustice as the basis of mobilisation raises some doubts for both its intrinsic subjective nature and in the light of cases of spontaneous mobilisations. A reformulation of the theory is suggested, less attached to a mechanical sequence and more rooted in the contradictions of the capitalist labour process.
Women's collectivism in context: women's groups in UK trade unions
Authors: Parker Jane 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThis research examines the relationship between the establishment and development of women's groups (WGs) in UK unions, and their wider union and environmental settings. Its timeliness is underscored by unions' ongoing search for sturdy bases for revival and greater representation of their various constituent groups, including via special representative mechanisms such as WGs. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of survey and interview data highlighted links between similar union and wider environmental conditions and WG establishment and development, as well as more complex relationships.
A Novel Point Variant in NTRK3, R645C, Suggests a Role of this Gene in the Pathogenesis of Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Fernández R. M. , Sánchez‐Mejías A. , Mena M. D. , Ruiz‐Ferrer M. , López‐Alonso M. , Antiñolo G. , Borrego S. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryHirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a developmental disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses due to a defect in the migration process of neural crest neuroblasts. Manifestation of the disease has been linked to the dysfunction of two principal signalling pathways involved in the enteric nervous system (ENS) formation: the RET‐GDNF and the EDN3‐EDNRB receptor systems. However, the NTF3/NTRK3 signalling pathway plays an essential role in the development of the ENS suggesting a potential role for those genes in the pathogenesis of HSCR. We have sought to evaluate the candidature of the NTRK3 gene, which encodes the TrkC receptor, as a susceptibility gene for Hirschsprung disease. Using dHPLC technology we have screened the NTRK3 coding region in 143 Spanish HSCR patients. A total of four previously described polymorphisms and 12 novel sequence variants were detected. Of note, the novel R645C mutation was detected in 2 affected siblings of a HSCR family also carrying a RET splicing mutation. Using bioinformatics tools we observed that the presence of an additional cysteine residue might implicate structural alterations in the mutated protein. We propose haploinsufficiency as the most probable mechanism for the NTRK3 R645C mutation. NTRK3 and RET mutations in this family only appear together in the HSCR patients, suggesting that they per se are necessary but not sufficient to produce the phenotype. In addition, it is quite probable that the contribution of other still unidentified modifier genes, may be responsible for the different phenotypes (length of aganglionosis) in the two affected members.
A stereological perspective on placental morphology in normal and complicated pregnancies
Authors: Mayhew Terry M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStereology applied to randomly‐generated thin sections allows minimally‐biased and economical quantitation of the 3D structure of the placenta from molecular to whole‐organ levels. With these sampling and estimation tools, it is possible to derive global quantities (tissue volumes, interface surface areas, tubule lengths and particle numbers), average values (e.g. mean cell size or membrane thickness), spatial relationships (e.g. between compartments and immunoprobes) and functional potential (e.g. diffusive conductance). This review indicates ways in which stereology has been used to interpret the morphology of human and murine placentas including the processes of villous growth, trophoblast differentiation, vascular morphogenesis and diffusive transport. In human placenta, global quantities have shown that villous maturation involves differential growth of fetal capillaries and increases in endothelial cell number. Villous trophoblast is a continuously renewing epithelium and, through much of gestation, exhibits a steady state between increasing numbers of nuclei in cytotrophoblast (CT) and syncytiotrophoblast (ST). The epithelium gradually becomes thinner because its surface expands at a faster rate than its volume. These changes help to ensure that placental diffusing capacity matches the growth in fetal mass. Comparable events occur in the murine placenta. Some of these processes are perturbed in complicated pregnancies: 1) fetoplacental vascular growth is compromised in pregnancies accompanied by maternal asthma, 2) changes in trophoblast turnover occur in pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, and 3) uteroplacental vascular development is impoverished, but diffusive transport increases, in pregnant mice exposed to particulate urban air pollution. Finally, quantitative immunoelectron microscopy now permits more rigorous analysis of the spatial distributions of interesting molecules between subcellular compartments or shifts in distributions following experimental manipulation.
Relationships between plasma adrenomedullin concentration and systolic time intervals during static handgrip in patients with heart failure
Authors: Krzemiński K. , Cybulski G. , Nazar K. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryOur previous study showed elevation of plasma adrenomedullin (ADM) during static handgrip in patients with heart failure (HF). It is hypothesized that ADM increases with left ventricle dysfunction during handgrip and thus plays a compensatory role. In the present study pre‐ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) were used to assess cardiac performance in 24 male HF patients (II/III class NYHA) during two 3‐min bouts of handgrip at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) performed alternately with each hand without any break between the bouts. Plasma ADM, noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and stroke volume (SV) were determined. During handgrip plasma ADM, NA, A, HR, BP, PEP/LVET increased, PEP was prolonged and LVET shortened. The increases in plasma ADM correlated with changes in: PEP (r = −0·881), LVET (r = 0·713), PEP/LVET (r = −0·769), SV (r = 0·836), diastolic BP (r = 0·700), total peripheral resistance (TPR) (r = 0·718) and noradrenaline (r = 0·756). The study demonstrated that in HF patients changes in plasma ADM during handgrip are related to cardiac performance.
Acute care teaching in the undergraduate nursing curriculum
Authors: McGaughey Jennifer 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAim:  To incorporate basic aspects of acute care into the undergraduate nursing programme by providing an opportunity for the development of knowledge and skills in the early recognition and assessment of deteriorating patients on general hospital wards.Background:  Acute care initiatives implemented in the hospital setting to improve the identification and management of ‘at risk’ patients have focused on the provision of education for trained or qualified staff. However, to ensure student nurses are ‘fit to practice’ at the point of registration, it has been recommended that acute care theory and skills are incorporated into the undergraduate nursing curriculum.Practice development initiative:  An ‘Integrated Nursing Care’ module was incorporated into year 3 of the undergraduate nursing programme to introduce students to acute care theory and practice. Module content focuses on the early detection and management of acute deterioration in patients with respiratory, cardiac, neurological or renal insufficiencies. We used a competency‐based framework to ensure the application of theory to practice through the use of group seminars. High‐fidelity patient‐simulated clinical scenarios were a key feature. The United Kingdom Resuscitation Council Intermediate Life Support course is also an important component of the module.Conclusions:  Incorporating the Integrated Nursing Care module into the undergraduate nursing curriculum provides pre‐registration students the opportunity to develop their knowledge and skills in acute care.Relevance to clinical practice:  The provision of undergraduate education in care of the acutely ill patient in hospital is essential to improve nurses’ competence and confidence in assessing and managing deteriorating patients in general wards at the point of registration.
Pain score documentation and analgesia: A comparison of children and adults with appendicitis
Authors: Furyk Jeremy , Sumner Michelle 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:  There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that administration of analgesia in paediatric ED is inadequate. The present study was designed to assess pain score documentation and provision of opioid analgesia to children and adults with confirmed appendicitis in a mixed Australian ED.Method:  A retrospective chart review of all adults and children with histologically confirmed appendicitis diagnosed in the Townsville ED during 2006 was performed. Data collected included pain score documentation, weight, opioid dose, oral analgesia, time of presentation, level of doctor and prehospital analgesia.Results:  Data were collected for 106 adults and 39 children. Among them, 13 (33%) children compared with 79 (75%) adults had a pain score documented (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.07–0.37, P < 0.001). And 11 (28%) children compared with 79 (75%) adults received i.v. morphine (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.06–0.31, P < 0.001). Administration of oral analgesia lowered the likelihood and pain score documentation increased the likelihood of receiving morphine in both children and adults.Conclusion:  Documentation of pain scores and provision of i.v. morphine is generally poor. Children are less likely than adults to have a pain score documented, or receive i.v. morphine when presenting with appendicitis.
Improving documentation of endotracheal intubation in an adult emergency department
Authors: Winton James , Celenza Antonio , Jackson Trevor 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention and documentary pro forma on the adequacy of documentation of intubation in an adult ED.Methods: A structured medical record review was performed before and after a multi‐pronged educational programme and introduction of a specifically designed guide to documentation. Records were assessed for adequacy of documentation by the presence or absence of predetermined elements. Analysis focused on five aspects considered to be most important for future clinical care: drugs and doses used, grade of view, size of endotracheal tube, confirmation of placement and adverse events/difficulties encountered.Results: Sixty‐one and sixty‐eight charts were included in the pre‐intervention and post‐intervention groups, respectively. The drugs and doses used were documented in 92% and 93%. The endotracheal tube size was recorded 82% and 91% of the time. Grade of laryngoscopy was documented in 35% and 46%. Confirmation of endotracheal tube placement was 69% and 84%. Presence or absence of adverse events was recorded in 37% and 54%. All five elements were present in 8.2% and 25% of medical records.Conclusion: Documentation improved slightly following the intervention, but was still unsatisfactory. We believe that to achieve an adequate level of documentation in the medical record for an episode of intubation, there needs to be a formal and structured mechanism, either via mandatory use of a specifically designed form and/or by participation in an organized data registry.
External injury documentation in major trauma victims is inadequate: Grounds for routine photography in the emergency department?
Authors: May Austin N , Fulde Gordian WO , Duflou Johan , Mengersen Kerrie L , Read‐Allsopp Christine 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:  There is no widely accepted measure of clinical documentation quality in the ED. The present study creates a measure for comparing the quality of clinical documentation of external injuries with autopsy reports. This is used to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of introducing routine photography to improve clinical documentation of injuries.Methods:  This retrospective case series addressed all non‐surviving major trauma patients (Injury Severity Score ≥15) presenting to St. Vincent's Hospital ED, Sydney, within the 5 year period from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2007. Comparison between clinical and autopsy documentation of external injuries was completed for each major trauma patient.Results:  Of the 48 major trauma patients, there were an average of 11.6 injuries missed in documentation per patient (P < 0.001, 95% CI 8.6–14.6). ED documentation recorded on average 29% (95% CI 26%−32%) of the external injuries that appeared in the autopsy report. We call this percentage the external injury documentation rate. The external injury documentation rate was influenced by injury count and body region, but was not influenced by age, sex, severity (using the Abbreviated Injury Scale and Injury Severity Score), or whether the clinician used a trauma survey or standard progress notes or not, and there was no visible trend over time.Conclusion:  Clinical documentation of external injuries in major trauma is poor. This is presumably because of many factors, including time pressures and high‐stress environments. A possible strategy to improve this documentation is routine photography, which should offer both clinical and legal benefits.
Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate: A 30 month emergency department review
Authors: Munir Venita L , Hutton Jennie E , Harney Jason P , Buykx Penny , Weiland Tracey J , Dent Andrew W 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:  To describe epidemiology, symptomatology, resource use and complications in patients attending the ED following gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) ingestion.Methods:  Retrospective chart review of GHB‐related emergency attendances over 30 months.Results:  One hundred and seventy emergency attendances attributed to GHB ingestion occurred. Monthly attendance rate doubled during the study, and was highest on public holidays and weekends between 04.00 and 08.00 hours. The majority (63%, 95% CI 55.7–70.3) were young men (median 22 years). GHB was ingested alone in 62 cases (36%, 95% CI 29.6–43.9). Poly‐substance ingestion was common (108 cases; 64%; 95% CI 56.1–70.4). The commonest presenting symptom was altered conscious state (89%, 95% CI 84.1–93.5) with 54% (95% CI 46.6–61.6) having low Glasgow Coma Score (GCS 3–8) on arrival at the ED. Eight per cent (95% CI 3.6–11.6) were intubated. Eighty‐seven per cent (95% CI 79.8–93.8) with low GCS were not intubated. There were no serious adverse outcomes or fatalities. Recovery time from ED arrival to high GCS (9–15) was rapid (median 76 min, interquartile range 80). Overall median length of stay was 199 min (interquartile range 162).Conclusions:  This is the largest GHB‐related case series to date. Attendance rate doubled during the study, and peaked at times of lowest staffing. Poly‐substance ingestion is common. Attendances are of high acuity with decreased conscious state and airway threat. With close conservative management, most recover quickly without adverse sequelae.
AASB 1037 Sows the Seeds of Change: A Survey of SGARA Measurement Methods
Authors: Dowling Carlin , Godfrey Professor.Jayne 
Published: January 2009

International developments are set to reignite the controversy over how self‐generating and regenerating assets (SGARAs) are measured. The International Accounting Standards Committee is working on an international accounting standard on agriculture due to be effective some time after 1 January 2002. The standard is expected to be similar to AASB 1037 Self‐Generating and Regenerating Assets. This is an interesting development since the Australian Accounting Standards Board was urged to not move ahead of international developments when it released Exposure Draft 83 Self‐Generating and Regenerating AssetsThis paper surveys Australian SGARA measurement practices to assess the extent of reporting change required by AASB 103 7 and its international counterpart.
Taxation and the Australian Superannuation System: An International Comparison
Authors: CORTESE CORINNE 
Published: January 2009

JOHN GLYNNThis study demonstrates the taxation burden applied to Australian superannuation. The superannuation schemes and supporting taxation systems of five OECD countries are reviewed. A hypothetical scenario is applied to demonstrate the imbalance of the Australian system relative to comparable nations. Given concerns about the aging population, this research supports calls for further reforms to the taxation of superannuation in Australia, highlighting the need to make superannuation taxation policies more consistent with government efforts to encourage superannuation savings and self‐funded retirement.