bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokine and Chemokine Gene Expression of IL‐1β Stimulated Equine Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: DAVID FLORENT , FARLEY JUDITH , HUANG HONG , LAVOIE JEAN‐PIERRE , LAVERTY SHEILA 
Published: May 2007

Objective—To evaluate mRNA expression of several proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in equine unstimulated and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)‐stimulated chondrocytes.Study Design—In vitro experiment using equine chondrocyte cultures.Sample Population—Whole articular cartilage from metacarpophalangeal joints (n=5 horses; 10 fetlocks).Methods—Chondrocyte monolayer cultures were established from digested adult equine articular cartilage and stimulated with 5 ng/mL of recombinant human IL‐1β. RNA was extracted from the cells 24 hours after stimulation. IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and ubiquitin (house keeping gene) mRNA expression were investigated by real‐time RT‐PCR.Results—IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 mRNA were expressed in unstimulated chondrocytes from macroscopically normal joints and were significantly up‐regulated after stimulation (5/5 horses). IL‐4 mRNA was not detected in any samples (0/5 horses). TNF‐α mRNA, by comparison, was expressed in 2/5 unstimulated samples and in all stimulated samples but a considerable sample variation in response to IL‐1β stimulation was observed.Conclusions—Equine chondrocytes express mRNA for several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and IL‐1β modulates their expression.Clinical Relevance—Chondrocytes express proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines capable of modulating a local inflammatory cascade in articular cartilage, which could potentially lead to focal degradation and osteoarthritis.
Does Use of a Jig Influence the Precision of Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Surgery?
Authors: BELL JONATHAN C. , NESS MALCOLM G. 
Published: May 2007

Objective— To compare the precision of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) surgery when performed with or without a jig.Study Design— Cadaveric study.Sample Population— Cadaveric, adult greyhound hindlimbs (n=9 pair).Methods— TPLO (n=18) was performed on each limb pair; 1 with and 1 without use of a jig. Measurements taken from pre‐ and postsurgical radiographs were osteotomy position, tibial plateau angle (TPA), varus‐valgus malalignment, and tibial torsion. The null hypothesis was that TPLO precision was not affected by use of a jig. Student's t‐test was used to investigate differences in TPA, osteotomy location, and frequency and extent of iatrogenic limb malalignment; P<.05 was considered significant.Results— There were no significant differences in postsurgical TPA, tibial crest thickness, varus‐valgus malalignment, or tibial torsion between TPLOs performed with or without a jig. Osteotomy location was significantly more distal when a jig was used (P=.03).Conclusions— Jig use did not improve the precision of TPLO surgery.Clinical Relevance— Performing TPLO without a jig should reduce surgery time, eliminate complications related to placement of the distal jig pin and allow unhindered positioning of the osteotomy.
The Effect of Lidocaine on Postoperative Jejunal Motility in Normal Horses
Authors: MILLIGAN MELISSA , BEARD WARREN , KUKANICH BUTCH , SOBERING TIM , WAXMAN SARAH 
Published: May 2007

Objective—To measure the effect of lidocaine on the duration of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and Phases I, II, and III of the MMC, spiking activity of the jejunum, and number of Phase III events when administered postoperatively to normal horses.Study Design—Nonrandomized cross‐over design.Methods—Horses were anesthetized and via flank laparotomy 4 silver–silver chloride bipolar electrodes were sutured to the proximal jejunum. Electrical activity was recorded for 6 hours during 3 recording sessions beginning 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. Saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered for 3 hours followed by lidocaine administration for 3 hours (1.3 mg/kg bolus intravenously [IV], 0.05 mg/kg/min IV constant rate infusion).Results—Duration of MMC was unchanged during lidocaine administration (77 minutes—saline versus 105 minutes—lidocaine,P=.16). Durations of Phase I and II were unchanged during lidocaine administration (P=.19 and .056, respectively). Phase III was shorter during lidocaine administration (P=.002). Spiking activity was unchanged at all time periods during lidocaine administration (24 hours—P=.10; 48 hours—P=.95; and 72 hours—P=.12). The number of Phase III events was unchanged over all time periods during lidocaine administration (P=.053).Conclusions—Duration of MMC, spiking activity, and number of Phase III events was unchanged during lidocaine administration.Clinical Relevance—Use of lidocaine as a prokinetic agent cannot be supported by this study in normal horses; however, results may differ in clinically affected horses.
Evaluation of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium in the Postoperative Recovery from Cranial Cruciate Injury in Dogs: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: BUDSBERG STEVEN C. , BERGH MARY SARAH , REYNOLDS LISA R. , STREPPA HEATHER K. 
Published: May 2007

Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) for improving the recovery period and mitigate the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) of the canine stifle after extracapsular stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries.Study Design—Randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial.Animals—Dogs (n=40) with unilateral CCL instability.Methods—Each dog had an extracapsular stabilization of the stifle with or without partial meniscectomy. Dogs were divided into 4 groups based on preoperative radiographic assessment and whether a partial meniscectomy was performed. Dogs were randomly assigned to either (3 mg/kg) PPS or placebo treatment in each group, and then injected subcutaneously weekly for 4 weeks. Lameness, radiographic changes, biological marker concentration in blood and urine, and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were collected preoperatively, and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Data were analyzed within and between groups using repeated measures ANOVA;P<.05 was considered significant.Results—No adverse reactions to PPS were reported. Thirty‐nine dogs completed a minimum of 24‐weeks follow‐up and 33 dogs completed 48 weeks. All dogs clinically improved after surgery without differences in lameness score, vertical GRFs, or radiographic progression. Grouped and evaluated only by initial radiographic score, PPS‐treated dogs improved significantly faster in braking GRFs than placebo‐treated dogs. In dogs with partial meniscectomies, urine deoxypyridinoline, and serum carboxy‐propeptide of type II collagen were significantly increased at 6 weeks in placebo‐treated dogs compared with PPS‐treated dogs.Conclusions—PPS administered after stabilization of the cruciate deficient stifle may prove to be a useful adjunctive treatment option, although further studies are necessary to substantiate this claim.
Relationship of Tibial Plateau Slope to Limb Function in Dogs Treated with a Lateral Suture Technique for Stabilization of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficient Stifles
Authors: HAVIG MARC E. , DYCE JONATHAN , KOWALESKI MICHAEL P. , REYNOLDS LISA R. , BUDSBERG STEVEN C. 
Published: May 2007

Objective—To evaluate the effect of a lateral suture technique (LST) on tibial plateau angle (TPA) measurement and to compare TPA with functional outcome in dogs treated for cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture with LST.Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Sample Population—Dogs (n=34) with unilateral CrCL instability.Methods—All dogs had lameness examination, survey stifle radiographs, and force plate analysis before and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after surgery. Radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) scores and lameness scores were assigned using previously reported methods. Preoperative radiographs were performed in all dogs, and postoperative serial radiographs were performed in 6 dogs for measurement of TPA. Differences in TPA measurements were evaluated with a random effects repeated measures model. The significance of LST on TPA measurement was established in 6 dogs and the effect of TPA on vertical impulse, peak vertical force, progression of radiographic scores, and lameness score were analyzed by general linear models in all dogs. Differences were considered significant ifP<.05.Results—Significant differences were not noted between pre‐ and serial postoperative measurements of TPA. A significant correlation was not established between TPA and postoperative vertical impulse, peak vertical force, lameness score, or radiographic OA scores.Conclusions—TPA values were unchanged after LST and TPA does not affect outcome measures in dogs treated with LST.Clinical Relevance—TPA has no predictive value on clinical outcome in dogs treated with LST for stabilization of CrCL deficient stifles.
Tilt Table Recovery of Horses After Orthopedic Surgery: Fifty‐Four Cases (1994–2005)
Authors: ELMAS COLETTE R. , CRUZ ANTONIO M. , KERR CAROLYN L. 
Published: May 2007

Objective— To describe an assisted anesthetic recovery technique using a tilt table for horses after high‐risk orthopedic‐related procedures and to evaluate outcome.Study Design— Retrospective study.Sample Population— Anesthetic recoveries (n=54) for 36 horses.Methods— Medical records (April 1994–October 2005) for horses that had high‐risk orthopedic surgery and recovery from general anesthesia on a tilt table were reviewed. Information about the surgical procedure, anesthetic and recovery period was analyzed.Results— Of 54 anesthetic recoveries, 1 horse (1.9%) had complete failure of internal fixation during recovery and was euthanatized. Six (11% recoveries) horses failed to adapt to the tilt table system, which necessitated transfer to a conventional recovery room. Complications without important consequences for clinical outcome (skin abrasions, myositis, cast breakage, partial implant failure) occurred during 8 (15%) recoveries.Conclusions— A tilt table recovery system was associated with minimal incidence of serious complications. Potential disadvantages of the system are the number of personnel required, longer recovery time, and the need for a specialized table.Clinical Relevance— A tilt table is a useful system for recovering horses believed to be at increased risk of injury during anesthetic recovery after high‐risk orthopedic‐related procedures.
Clinical Outcome of Nonnasal Chondrosarcoma in Dogs: Thirty‐One Cases (1986–2003)
Authors: WALTMAN SUZANNE SHELLY , SEGUIN BERNARD , COOPER BARRY J. , KENT MICHAEL 
Published: May 2007

Objective— To evaluate metastatic rate and survival times of dogs with chondrosarcoma of nonnasal bony sites treated by wide surgical excision.Study Design— Retrospective study.Animals— Dogs (n=31) with chondrosarcoma.Methods— Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs with chondrosarcoma of bone in potentially surgically accessible sites. When complete information was not available in the medical record, owners and referring veterinarians were contacted by telephone to evaluate the course of disease and survival times. When possible, histopathologic diagnosis was confirmed by a single board certified pathologist and tumors were histologically graded.Results— Dogs treated by wide surgical excision (n=18) had a mean survival time of 3097 days and did not reach median survival time. Dogs untreated except for diagnostic biopsy (n =13) had a median survival time of 523 days and a mean survival time of 495 days. Method of treatment and tumor grade predicted survival time (P=.016 and P=.007, respectively). Metastatic rate was 28% for treated dogs and 15% for untreated dogs, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P=.39).Conclusions— Wide surgical excision significantly improves survival time for dogs with chondrosarcoma of nonnasal bony sites, but does not affect the likelihood of metastasis. Grade may be prognostic for survival.Clinical Relevance— Surgical excision benefits dogs with chondrosarcoma and can result in prolonged survival times. Metastasis still occurs in ∼1 of 4 dogs even after surgical resection.
In Vitro Elution Studies of Amikacin and Cefazolin from Polymethylmethacrylate
Authors: PHILLIPS HEIDI , BOOTHE DAWN M. , SHOFER FRANCES , DAVIDSON JEFFREY S. , BENNETT R. AVERY 
Published: May 2007

Objective—To compare the in vitro elution characteristics of amikacin and cefazolin from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) alone and in combination.Study Design—A prospective, controlled, experimental study.Methods—Three aliquots of 6 g sterile PMMA were measured and to them added (1) 750 mg amikacin; (2) 1050 mg cefazolin; and (3) 750 mg amikacin and 1050 mg cefazolin. Ten beads of each antimicrobial/PMMA combination were placed in 5 mL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 and room temperature with constant agitation. PBS was sampled at 15 time points between 1 hour and 30 days. Amikacin concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and cefazolin concentrations by high‐performance liquid chromatography.Results—Amikacin and cefazolin eluted at concentrations greater than 8 and 4 times, respectively, above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for susceptible bacteria over 30 days. Co‐elution of the antibiotics resulted in a greater rate and proportion of antibiotic eluted. Concentrations of amikacin and cefazolin in the co‐eluted fluid were not maintained sufficiently above the MIC for selected bacteria over 30 days.Conclusions—PMMA beads of only amikacin or cefazolin‐eluted concentrations greater than the MIC for selected bacteria for 30 days. Co‐elution of the antibiotics at the selected doses resulted in a significantly shorter duration of elution and may not be effective for treatment of wound infection.Clinical Relevance—Co‐elution of amikacin and cefazolin from PMMA at the selected doses cannot be recommended for sustained treatment of infection.
Ventroaxial Luxation of the Apex of the Corniculate Process of the Arytenoid Cartilage in Resting Horses During Induced Swallowing or Nasal Occlusion
Authors: BARAKZAI S. Z. , ES Cert , MILNE E. M. , DIXON PADRAIC 
Published: May 2007

Objective— To report ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the left or right corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage under the contralateral corniculate process during resting endoscopic examination, and morphologic features of the larynx of 1 affected horse.Study Design— Retrospective study.Animals— Horses (n=8).Methods— Horses had endoscopic examination as part of a survey of Clydesdale horses (n=7), or investigation of poor performance in Thoroughbred horses (1). One Clydesdale was euthanatized and the larynx examined; 4 cadaver larynges from normal horses were also examined.Results— Ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the left or right corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage was not detected during quiet breathing but was induced by swallowing or nasal occlusion. Prevalence in Clydesdales was 5.2% (7/133). A Thoroughbred with identical endoscopic appearance of the larynx at rest had progressive ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the arytenoid cartilage during high‐speed treadmill endoscopy, associated with abnormal respiratory noise. Necropsy examination of an affected Clydesdale larynx revealed an excessively wide (10 mm) transverse arytenoid ligament that allowed easy separation of the apices of the corniculate processes. In normal cadaver larynges, the apices could not be separated with abaxial traction.Clinical Relevance— The clinical relevance of this laryngeal observation in resting horses is unclear. Ventroaxial luxation of the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage during induced swallowing or nasal occlusion in resting horses or during high‐speed treadmill exercise may be caused by an abnormally wide transverse arytenoid ligament.
Mechanical Comparison of an Interlocking Nail Locked with Conventional Bolts to Extended Bolts Connected with a Type‐Ia External Skeletal Fixator in a Tibial Fracture Model
Authors: GOETT SCOTT D. , SINNOTT MICHAEL T. , TING DENNIS , BASINGER R. RANDY , HAUT ROGER C. , DÉJARDIN LOÏC M. 
Published: May 2007

Objective—To compare the structural properties of interlocking nails (ILNs) locked with bolts (ILNb) to ILN locked with extended bolts connected with a type‐IA external skeletal fixator (ILN–ESF) in a fracture gap model.Study Design—Experimental study.Sample Population—Synthetic tibial bone substitutes.Methods—Custom‐made synthetic tibial bone substitutes were implanted with standard ILNs locked with either bolts or extended bolts connected to an external skeletal fixation (ESF). Constructs were tested in torsion, bending, and axial compression (n=4/testing mode). Data, consisting of construct compliance and associated deformation, were compared using t‐tests.Results—The ILN–ESF construct compliance and deformation were significantly less than those of the ILNb construct in torsion, bending, and compression (P<.001). Slack was present in the ILNb construct under torsion and bending, but not in the ILN–ESF construct, regardless of testing mode.Conclusions—Substitution of locking bolts with extended bolts connected to an ESF significantly reduced the construct compliance and overall deformation in torsion, bending, and compression. Furthermore, the inherent slack of the ILNb was eliminated by the use of an ESF in torsion and bending.Clinical Relevance—The improvement in structural properties of the ILN–ESF constructs could diminish interfragmentary motion at the fracture site and potentially improve bone healing.
Rectus Abdominis Free Muscle Flap for Reconstruction in Nine Dogs
Authors: MILLER JONATHAN M. , LANZ OTTO I. , DEGNER DANIEL A. 
Published: May 2007

Objective— To evaluate the clinical use and outcome of a rectus abdominis microvascular free flap for wound closure in dogs.Study Design— Retrospective case series.Animals— Dogs (n=9) with complex extremity or oral wounds.Methods— Medical records (2002–2006) of dogs that had a rectus abdominis free tissue transfer to close an extremity or oral wound were reviewed.Results— Nine dogs were identified: 5 had distal extremity wounds, 3 had oral palatal defects, and 1 had a large hygroma excised. A rectus abdominis free tissue transfer with a caudal epigastric vascular pedicle was successfully used for management of these wounds. No major complications occurred with the donor site and a good cosmetic and functional outcome occurred in all dogs.Conclusion— The rectus abdominis is a versatile muscle that can be used for reconstructing cutaneous and oral defects with repeatable success.Clinical Relevance— Free tissue transfer of the rectus abdominis muscle is a clinically useful technique for closure of a variety of difficult soft tissue wounds.
Transfusion policy: when to stop the use of extremely rare blood for an allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant recipient with a history of red cell alloimmunization
Authors: Senzel Lisa , Boulad Farid , Wuest David , Reid Marion E. 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: Decisions for when to select, and when to discontinue, antigen‐negative blood in hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT) recipients with red blood cell (RBC) antibodies can be confusing. In HPCT performed for sickle cell anemia patients who require extremely rare antigen‐negative blood, the balance of caution and practicality is further complicated.CASE REPORTS: Four sickle cell anemia patients with current or historic RBC antibodies underwent allogeneic HPC transplantation. One required extremely rare (group O D–, hrB–) blood. None of the antibodies caused significant hemolysis after transplant. In the case requiring rare blood, antigen‐negative blood was requested after donor RBC engraftment because of incomplete donor white blood cell (WBC) chimerism.CONCLUSIONS: RBC antibodies derived from a recipient of allogeneic HPCT rarely cause significant hemolysis, in contrast to the more severe picture sometimes seen with donor‐derived antibodies. When donor WBC chimerism is delayed past the time of donor RBC engraftment, there can be concern for the possibility of future recipient‐type antibody production. Even 100 percent donor lymphocyte chimerism is no guarantee of total host plasma cell ablation. Immunoglobulin allotyping, when informative, can suggest chimerism for several years. Recipient‐type blood, when extremely rare, may not be available for that duration.
False‐positive pregnancy test after passive transfusion of β‐human chorionic gonadotropin from donor red blood cells during erythrocytapheresis
Authors: Shelat Suresh G. , Friedman David F. , Meny Geralyn M. , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Carlow Dean , Norris Robin 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: Patients transfused with blood products may passively receive soluble antibodies, proteins, and other analytes that persist during the collection, processing, and transfusion of the blood product. In this report, a female patient who received transfusion of five red blood cell (RBC) units during erythrocytapheresis later demonstrated an unexpected positive result in assays for the β‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG), a screening test for pregnancy. The result caused postponement of an elective surgical procedure. A follow‐up test 1 week later was negative.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To investigate the possibility of passive transfusion of the hormone from a donor RBC unit, a sample from each of the units transfused was assayed for the level of bHCG.RESULTS: One of the 5 units transfused to the patient had a high level of bHCG. The observed bHCG level in the recipient was found to be comparable to the predicted level, given the donor's plasma bHCG level and accounting for the dilution factors in the preparation of the RBC unit and the erythrocytapheresis procedure and the in vivo t½ of the hormone.CONCLUSION: The donor, who was unaware of her pregnancy status at the time of donation, harbored a high bHCG level that caused the positive test result in the recipient patient's serum and urine. If an unexpected analyte or serology is detected in a recipient of a blood transfusion, it is important to consider the possibility of passive transfusion of the analyte.
Acute bleeding complications in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with prophylactic platelet transfusion triggers of 10 × 109 and 20 × 109 per L
Authors: Nevo Shoshan , Fuller Alice K. , Hartley Eric , Borinsky Mark E. , Vogelsang Georgia B. 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic platelet (PLT) transfusions are given as a standard care in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This retrospective analysis evaluates utilization of blood transfusions, risk of bleeding, and survival in 480 HSCT patients at 10 × 109 and 20 × 109 per L prophylactic trigger levels.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 224 patients received prophylactic PLT transfusions at 20 × 109 per L threshold (1997‐1998, SP1); 256 patients had prophylaxis at 10 × 109 per L (1999‐2001, SP2). Bleeding scores were assigned daily.RESULTS: A slight reduction in PLT transfusions per patient in SP2 compared with SP1 was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.51‐1.33; p = 0.416), yet a significantly higher proportion of patients in SP2 had PLT counts less than or equal to 10 × 109 per L compared to SP1 (p  < 0.001). In patients who bled, however, there was no excess exposure to low PLT counts before bleeding started. A substantial number of patients who bled received PLT transfusions above the goal before bleeding started (82.9% in SP2, 41.5% in SP1) because of medical complications that associated with increased risk of bleeding. Bleeding incidence was similar in both study periods (21.9% in SP1, 16.4% in SP2; p = 0.526). Bleeding was significantly associated with reduced survival in both study periods.CONCLUSIONS: Patients who bled were usually placed on a higher threshold before the onset of their major bleeding event and were not exposed to additional risk of bleeding from thrombocytopenia. Similarity in bleeding incidence between study periods appears to associate with adjustments to high‐risk conditions and may not reflect consequences of the lower transfusion threshold.