bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development to the blastocyst stage, the oxidative state, and the quality of early developmental stage of porcine embryos cultured in alteration of glucose concentrations in vitro under different oxygen tensions
Authors: Karja Ni Wayan Kurniani , Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Fahrudin Mokhamad , Ozawa Manabu , Somfai Tamás , Ohnuma Katsuhiko , Noguchi Junko , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Nagai Takashi 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Recent work has shown that glucose may induce cell injury through the action of free radicals generated by autooxidation or through hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibition. The effect of glucose during early in vitro culture (IVC) period of porcine embryos on their developmental competence, contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), and the quality of the blastocysts yielded was examined.

Methods
In vitro matured and fertilized porcine oocytes were cultured for the first 2 days (Day 0 = day of fertilization) of IVC in NCSU-37 added with 1.5 to 20 mM glucose (Gluc-1.5 to -20 groups) or pyruvate and lactate (Pyr-Lac group). The embryos in all groups were cultured subsequently until Day 6 in NCSU-37 with 5.5 mM added glucose. The ROS and GSH level were measured at Day 1 and 2. DNA-fragmented nuclei and the total cell numbers in blastocyst were evaluated by TUNEL-staining at Day 6.

Results
Under 5% oxygen the blastocyst rates and total cell numbers in the blastocysts in all glucose groups were significantly lower than that in the Pyr-Lac group. Similar result in blastocyst rate was found under 20% oxygen (excluding the Gluc-10 group), but total cell numbers in the blastocysts was similar among the groups. At both oxygen tensions, the H2O2 levels of Day 1 embryos in all glucose groups were significantly higher than that in the Pyr-Lac group, while only the Gluc-1.5 group of Day 2 embryos showed a significantly higher H2O2 level than that in the Pyr-Lac group. The GSH contents of either Day 1 or Day 2 embryos developed under 5% oxygen were similar among the groups. Only the content of Day 2 embryos in 1.5 mM group was significantly lower than the embryos in the Pyr-Lac group under 20% oxygen. Total cell numbers in the blastocysts (except in the Gluc-20 group) were significantly lower in the embryos cultured under 20% oxygen than 5% oxygen. Only the Gluc-20 blastocysts developed under 5% oxygen showed significantly higher DNA fragmentation rate than those of Pyr-Lac blastocysts.

Conclusion
These results show that a decrease in developmental ability of embryos cultured by use of glucose instead of pyruvate and lactate after the ferilization may be due to the rise in ROS generation in Day 1 embryos. Moreover, results from this study suggest that the concentration of glucose in the medium that can be used by the Day 1–2 embryos is limited to 3.5 mM and exposure to higher glucose concentrations does not improve embryo development.
Human TRIM5α mediated restriction of different HIV-1 subtypes and Lv2 sensitive and insensitive HIV-2 variants
Authors: Kaumanns Patrick , Hagmann Isabel , Dittmar Matthias T 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
In order to characterize the antiviral activity of human TRIM5α in more detail human derived indicator cell lines over expressing wild type human TRIM5α were generated and challenged with HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses pseudotyped with HIV envelope proteins in comparison to VSV-G pseudotyped particles. HIV envelope protein pseudotyped particles (HIV-1[NL4.3], HIV-1[BaL]) showed a similar restriction to infection (12 fold inhibition) compared to VSV-G pseudotyped viruses after challenging TZM-huTRIM5α cells. For HIV-2 a stronger restriction to infection was observed when the homologous envelope protein Env42S was pseudotyped onto these particles compared to VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-2 particles (8.6 fold inhibition versus 3.4 fold inhibition). It has been shown that HIV-2 is restricted by the restriction factor Lv2, acting on capsid like TRIM5α. A mutation of amino acid 73 (I73V) of HIV-2 capsid renders this virus Lv2-insensitive. Lv2-insensitive VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-2/I73V particles showed a similar restriction to infection as did HIV-2[VSV-G] particles (4 fold inhibition). HIV-2 envelope protein (Env42S)-pseudotyped HIV-2/I73V particles revealed a 9.3 fold increase in infection in TZM cells but remained restricted in TZM-huTRIM5α cells (80.6 fold inhibition) clearly indicating that at least two restriction factors, TRIM5α and Lv2, act on incoming HIV-2 particles. Further challenge experiments using primary isolates from different HIV-1 subtypes and from HIV-1 group O showed that wild type human TRIM5α restricted infection independent of coreceptor use of the infecting particle but to variable degrees (between 1.2 and 19.6 fold restriction).
Mesothelioma mortality in Europe: impact of asbestos consumption and simian virus 40
Authors: Leithner Katharina , Leithner Andreas , Clar Heimo , Weinhaeusel Andreas , Radl Roman , Krippl Peter , Rehak Peter , Windhager Reinhard , Haas Oskar A , Olschewski Horst 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
It is well established that asbestos is the most important cause of mesothelioma. The role of simian virus 40 (SV40) in mesothelioma development, on the other hand, remains controversial. This potential human oncogene has been introduced into various populations through contaminated polio vaccines. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the possible presence of SV40 in various European countries, as indicated either by molecular genetic evidence or previous exposure to SV40-contaminated vaccines, had any effect on pleural cancer rates in the respective countries.

Methods
We conducted a Medline search that covered the period from January 1969 to August 2005 for reports on the detection of SV40 DNA in human tissue samples. In addition, we collected all available information about the types of polio vaccines that had been used in these European countries and their SV40 contamination status.

Results
Our ecological analysis confirms that pleural cancer mortality in males, but not in females, correlates with the extent of asbestos exposure 25 – 30 years earlier. In contrast, neither the presence of SV40 DNA in tumor samples nor a previous vaccination exposure had any detectable influence on the cancer mortality rate in neither in males (asbestos-corrected rates) nor in females.

Conclusion
Using the currently existing data on SV40 prevalence, no association between SV40 prevalence and asbestos-corrected male pleural cancer can be demonstrated.
Differential effects on BAFF and APRIL levels in rituximab-treated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Vallerskog Therese , Heimbürger Mikael , Gunnarsson Iva , Zhou Wei , Wahren-Herlenius Marie , Trollmo Christina , Malmström Vivianne 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between levels of BAFF (B-cell activation factor of the tumour necrosis factor [TNF] family) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) and B-cell frequencies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with the B-cell-depleting agent rituximab. Ten patients with SLE were treated with rituximab in combination with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. They were followed longitudinally up to 6 months after B-cell repopulation. Nine patients with RA, resistant or intolerant to anti-TNF therapy, treated with rituximab plus methotrexate were investigated up to 6 months after treatment. The B-cell frequency was determined by flow cytometry, and serum levels of BAFF and APRIL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. BAFF levels rose significantly during B-cell depletion in both patient groups, and in patients with SLE the BAFF levels declined close to pre-treatment levels upon B-cell repopulation. Patients with SLE had normal levels of APRIL at baseline, and during depletion there was a significant decrease. In contrast, patients with RA had APRIL levels 10-fold higher than normal, which did not change during depletion. At baseline, correlations between levels of B cells and APRIL, and DAS28 (disease activity score using 28 joint counts) and BAFF were observed in patients with RA. In summary, increased BAFF levels were observed during absence of circulating B cells in our SLE and RA patient cohorts. In spite of the limited number of patients, our data suggest that BAFF and APRIL are differentially regulated in different autoimmune diseases and, in addition, differently affected by rituximab treatment.
Neutrophil apoptosis: a marker of disease severity in sepsis and sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Fialkow Léa , Fochesatto Filho Luciano , Bozzetti Mary C , Milani Adriana R , Rodrigues Filho Edison M , Ladniuk Roberta M , Pierozan Paula , de Moura Rafaela M , Prolla João C , Vachon Eric , Downey Gregory P 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Apoptosis of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMNs]) may limit inflammatory injury in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the relationship between the severity of sepsis and extent of PMN apoptosis and the effect of superimposed ARDS is unknown. The objective of this study was to correlate neutrophil apoptosis with the severity of sepsis and sepsis-induced ARDS.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted in intensive care units of three tertiary hospitals in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Fifty-seven patients with sepsis (uncomplicated sepsis, septic shock, and sepsis-induced ARDS) and 64 controls were enrolled. Venous peripheral blood was collected from patients with sepsis within 24 hours of diagnosis. All surgical groups, including controls, had their blood drawn 24 hours after surgery. Control patients on mechanical ventilation had blood collected within 24 hours of initiation of mechanical ventilation. Healthy controls were blood donors. Neutrophils were isolated, and incubated ex vivo, and apoptosis was determined by light microscopy on cytospun preparations. The differences among groups were assessed by analysis of variance with Tukeys.

Results
In medical patients, the mean percentage of neutrophil apoptosis (± standard error of the mean [SEM]) was lower in sepsis-induced ARDS (28% ± 3.3%; n = 9) when compared with uncomplicated sepsis (57% ± 3.2%; n = 8; p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation without infection, sepsis, or ARDS (53% ± 3.0%; n = 11; p < 0.001) and healthy controls (69% ± 1.1%; n = 33; p < 0.001) but did not differ from septic shock (38% ± 3.7%; n = 12; p = 0.13). In surgical patients with sepsis, the percentage of neutrophil apoptosis was lower for all groups when compared with surgical controls (52% ± 3.6%; n = 11; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In medical patients with sepsis, neutrophil apoptosis is inversely proportional to the severity of sepsis and thus may be a marker of the severity of sepsis in this population.
Clinical Efficacy of Lenalidomide in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Results of a Phase II Study
Authors: Chanan-Khan Asher , Miller Kena C. , Musial Laurie , Lawrence David , Padmanabhan Swaminathan , Takeshita Kenichi , Porter Carl W. , Goodrich David W. , Bernstein Zale P. , Wallace Paul , Spaner David , Mohr Alice , Byrne Catriona , Hernandez-Ilizaliturri Francisco , Chrystal Cynthia , Starostik Petr , Czuczman Myron S. 
Published: November 2006

Purpose Patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have profound immune defects and limited treatment options. Given the dramatic activity of lenalidomide in other B-cell malignancies and its pleotropic immunomodulatory effects, we conducted a phase II trial of this agent in CLL. Patients and Methods Patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell CLL (B-CLL) were eligible if they required treatment as per the National Cancer Institute Working Group 1996 guidelines. Lenalidomide was administered orally at 25 mg on days 1 through 21 of a 28-day cycle. Response was assessed after each cycle. Patients were to continue treatment until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or complete remission. Rituximab was added to lenalidomide on disease progression. Results Forty-five patients were enrolled, with a median age of 64 years. Sixty-four percent of the patients had Rai stage III or IV disease, and 51% were refractory to fludarabine. The overall response rate was 47%, with 9% of the patients attaining a complete remission. Fatigue, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia were the most common adverse effects noted in 83%, 78%, and 78% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion Lenalidomide is clinically active in patients with relapsed or refractory B-CLL. These findings are encouraging and warrant further investigation of this agent in the treatment of this disorder.
Typologie, Stilpsychologie, Kunstwollen. Zur Erfindung des ‘Barock’ (1900–1933)
Authors: Lepper Marcel 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Scholars have long considered Heinrich Wölfflin a pioneer in ‘Baroque studies’. Surprisingly little attention has been paid, however, to typological patterns and their importance for revising a classic-biased historiography. Reassessing the ‘invention’ of ‘Baroque’ literature and civilization in German literary criticism before, during and immediately after the First World War involves 1) outlining the interdisciplinary conditions and impulses that mark the beginning of ‘Baroque studies’ (before 1900), 2) examining closely the structure of typological approaches (1900–1933), and 3) discussing the problems of ‘Baroque form’ and ‘style’, as well as their anthropological derivatives. Early-twentieth-century critics furthered the invention of a ‘Baroque man’ to describe and to legitimize themselves.
“Hermaphrodite Poetics”
Authors: Pinkus Karen 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The figure of the hermaphrodite from Ovid's Metamorphoses reappears in the Renaissance alchemical tradition, initiated by the famous Hypnerotomachia poliphili (1499). In the latter, the hermaphrodite seems to be a mere fragmentary trope but represents much more than a biological being or a cipher of desire. An entire poetic mode, a mode of writing and thinking, characterizes alchemy and ambivalence. A reading of Francesco Colonna's “strife of love in a dream” can profit from Sarah Kofman's analysis of ambivalence, metals, and writing in key texts of Shakespeare and Freud. The hermaphrodite, as we learn, is a trope, and more than that: it opens up a poetics that exceeds the double-sexed creature itself.
Analytical and clinical evaluation of a new heart-type fatty acid-binding protein automated assay
Authors: Zaninotto Martina , Mion Monica Maria , Novello Enrica , Altinier Sara , Rocco Stefano , Cacciavillani Luisa , Perazzolo Marra Martina , Iliceto Sabino , Plebani Mario 
Published: November 2006

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1383–5.
Fabrication of Metal Oxides Occluded in Ordered Mesoporous Hosts via a Solid‐State Grinding Route: The Influence of Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Wang Y. M. , Wu Z. Y. , Wang H. J. , Zhu J. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSolid‐state grinding is a simple and effective method to include guest species into the channels of ordered mesoporous materials with a different degree of filling. After calcination, a monolayer or several monolayers of guest species can not only form highly dispersed oxide species and other surface species on the hosts whether the template is occluded in the channels or not, but the guest species can also fill the mesoporous channels in the host and thus lead to nanowires or nanoarrays. Solid‐state salt inclusion is faster and more convenient than other inclusion routes. The absence of a solvent not only saves the time otherwise needed for evaporation but also leads to a higher degree of filling through a simple inclusion step as the void space in the pores is not occupied by the solvent. Also, the lack of competitive adsorption of solvent molecules enhances the interaction between the guest species included and the silica wall, which facilitates the high dispersion of oxide species. However, host–guest interactions that are too strong may disturb the self‐crystallization of guest species in the mesopores leading to imperfect nanocasting of the mesostructure.
Aggregation‐Enhanced Fluorescence and Two‐Photon Absorption in Nanoaggregates of a 9,10‐Bis[4′‐(4″‐aminostyryl)styryl]anthracene Derivative
Authors: Kim S. , Zheng Q. , He G. S. , Bharali D. J. , Pudavar H. E. , Baev A. , Prasad P. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper reports the design, synthesis, and theoretical modeling of two‐photon properties of a new class of chromophore that exhibits enhanced two‐photon absorption (TPA) and subsequently generated strong up‐converted emission in nanoaggregate forms. This chromophore utilizes the basic structural unit of 9,10‐bis[4′‐(4″‐aminostyryl)styryl]anthracene that exhibits large internal rotation in the monomer form in organic solvents, whereby the fluorescence is greatly reduced. In nanoaggregates formed in water, the internal rotation is considerably hindered, leading to significant increases of TPA and fluorescence quantum yield. Theoretical modeling of the conformational structure and dynamics has utilized a semiempirical pm3 formalism. The TPA cross sections of the monomer and the aggregate states have been calculated on the basis of the quadratic response theory applied to a single‐determinant self‐consistent field reference state making use of a split‐valence 6‐31G* basis set.
Co‐synthesis of ZnO–CuO Nanostructures by Directly Heating Brass in Air
Authors: Zhu Y. , Sow C.‐H. , Yu T. , Zhao Q. , Li P. , Shen Z. , Yu D. , Thong J. T.‐L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractZnO–CuO nanostructures have been simultaneously synthesized by directly heating a CuZn alloy (brass) on a hotplate in ambient conditions. Depending on the Zn concentrations in the brasses, the dominant products transition from CuO nanowires to ZnO nanostructures. By changing the growth temperature and local Zn contents, 1D ZnO nanowires/nanoflakes, 2D ZnO nanosheets, and complicated 3D ZnO networks are obtained. Electron microscopy studies show that the as‐synthesized ZnO nanoflakes and nanosheets are single crystalline. Based on “self‐catalytic” growth, a tip‐growth mechanism for ZnO nanostructures is discussed, in which the Cu in brass plays an important role to confine the lateral growth of ZnO. Finally, the electron field emission from the ZnO–CuO hybrid systems is tested for the demonstration of potential applications.
Bilayer Organic–Inorganic Gate Dielectrics for High‐Performance, Low‐Voltage, Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors, Complementary Logic Gates, and p–n Diodes on Plastic Substrates
Authors: Cao Q. , Xia M.‐G. , Shim M. , Rogers J. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHigh‐capacitance bilayer dielectrics based on atomic‐layer‐deposited HfO2 and spin‐cast epoxy are used with networks of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to enable low‐voltage, hysteresis‐free, and high‐performance thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on silicon and flexible plastic substrates. These HfO2–epoxy dielectrics exhibit excellent properties including mechanical flexibility, large capacitance (up to ca. 330 nF cm–2), and low leakage current (ca. 10–8 A cm–2); their low‐temperature (ca. 150 °C) deposition makes them compatible with a range of plastic substrates. Analysis and measurements of these dielectrics as gate insulators in SWNT TFTs illustrate several attractive characteristics for this application. Their compatibility with polymers used for charge‐transfer doping of SWNTs is also demonstrated through the fabrication of n‐channel SWNT TFTs, low‐voltage p–n diodes, and complementary logic gates.
Membrane bioreactor with bubble‐size transformer: Design and fouling control
Authors: Phattaranawik Jirachote , Fane Anthony G. , Pasquier Audrey C. S. , Bing Wu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBubbling requirements for membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are typically split into fine bubbles for aeration and larger coarse bubbles for fouling control. This article examines the possibility of reducing air requirements by using the same air supply to achieve both tasks for a submerged flat‐sheet MBR. A bubble‐size transformer (BST) comprising converging channels and a tube‐bank unit was used to coalesce fine bubbles into coarse bubbles. The BST was located under the flat‐sheet membrane modules and generated coarse bubbles to scour the membrane surfaces. Approximately 65% of the fine bubbles produced from fine ceramic air diffusers were transformed into coarse bubbles, and 35% of the fine bubbles were used for biological activities and to prevent the settlement of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) in the bioreactor. Both bubble diameters and bubbling velocities were found increased after the transformations. The BST increased bubble diameters from 0.5–2 mm to 9–18 mm. The coarse bubbles after transformation were bigger than the gaps between the flat‐sheet modules at 5 mm so that slug flow probably occurred in the module gaps. Long‐term MBR experiments at air flowrates of 3 and 5 L/min with permeate fluxes of 22.5 and 35 L/m2.h were used to evaluate the bubble‐size transformation technique for the MBR. The benefit from the BST can be seen by comparing the “sustainable” flux period before a rapid rise in transmembrane pressure. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Zur Berechnung der Rißbreite: Teil 1: Grundlagen zum Rechenmodell
Authors: Duţulescu Eugen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie Beschränkung der Rißbreite, die von der DIN 1045‐1 verlangt wird, kann durch sukzessive Veränderungen der Stahlfläche oder/und des ‐Durchmessers nachgewiesen werden. Ein allgemeines Rechenverfahren, das diese iterativen Nachweise in eine Bemessung – für mittigen Zug bzw. Biegung mit Normalkraft – überführt, wird vorgestellt. Anschließend werden für die üblichen praktischen Fälle Diagramme und Tabellen angegeben.
Structure of the Boronic Acid Dimer and the Relative Stabilities of Its Conformers
Authors: Larkin Joseph D. , Bhat Krishna L. , Markham George D. , Brooks Bernard R. , Schaefer Henry F. III , Bock Charles W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Indium Flux Synthesis of Ln4Ni2InGe4 (Ln: Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm): An Ordered Quaternary Variation on the Binary Phase Mg5Si6.
Authors: Salvador James R. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Localized and Delocalized Chemical Bonding in the Compounds CaNiGe2, SrNiGe2, and SrNiSn2.
Authors: Hlukhyy Viktor , Eck Steffen , Faessler Thomas F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Layered Titanoniobate LiTiNbO5: Topotactic Synthesis and Electrochemistry versus Lithium.
Authors: Colin J.‐F. , Pralong V. , Caignaert V. , Hervieu M. , Raveau B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Nickel Molybdates.
Authors: Klissurski D. , Mancheva M. , Iordanova R. , Tyuliev G. , Kunev B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.