bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of gene(s) involved in carcinogenic progression of ataxia telangiectasia cells
Authors: Jung Mira , Dimtchev Alexandre , Zhang Yin , Dritschilo Anatoly 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy using vector‐mediated gene transfer and expression cloning, cDNAs of dominantly acting genes have been identified that cause phenotypic conversion of cells from flat, contact‐inhibited growth to focus formation and anchorage‐independent growth. Such morphologic growth changes are consistent with carcinogenic progression steps. Plasmid rescue and polymerase chain reaction amplification have permitted the identification of four candidate cDNAs (two unknown and two known) that are present in these transformed cells. Partial sequence analysis shows that one unknown gene contains sequence homology to the envelope sequences of the human retrovirus (HIV‐1). This characteristic suggests that the isolated cDNA may be a putative oncogene. The model system reported here permits identification and characterization of genes that may be associated with progression steps from the immortal state to anchorage independence and tumorigenicity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telomere loss, telomerase, and cancer
Authors: Villeponteau Bryant 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTelomeric DNA safeguards chromosomes from genetic damage and rearrangement. Normal somatic cells lose telomeric DNA with each division and during normal human aging. Immortal cancer cells typically express the enzyme telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that adds new telomere repeats onto the chromosome ends. To study the role of telomerase in cancer cells, the RNA component of human telomerase (hTR) was recently cloned. HeLa cells expressing antisense hTR exhibited reduced telomerase activity, gradual loss of telomeric DNA, and cell death after 23–26 doublings. These results demonstrate that telomerase is a critical enzyme for the continued proliferation of metastatic tumor cells. Whereas telomere loss occurs in both normal and precancerous cells, telomere shortening with age can lead to genetic damage, which may underlie the age‐related increases in cancer rates. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of cyclins by adhesion: Elements in the anchorage‐signalling pathway
Authors: Carstens Carsten P. , Krämer Alwin , Fahl William E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLoss of adhesion leads to cell cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary in normal, adhesion‐dependent, mesenchymal cells. This arrest is accompanied by the inability to produce cyclin A. Using deletional and mutational analysis of the cyclin A promoter, we have identified a CCAAT element that mediates the adhesion‐dependent transcriptional activation of cyclin A. Specific binding of a novel 40/115 kDa heteromeric protein complex, which we have named CBP/cycA, to this CCAAT element was detectable only in cycling cells, not in cells arrested in G0 or at the anchorage checkpoint at the G1/S boundary. However, during the G0 and G1 phases of the cell cycle, CBP/cycA appeared to be present but sequestered by a retinoblastoma (Rb) family member. Activity of Rb family members is generally thought to be controlled by the cyclin D‐cdk4/cdk6 and cyclin E‐cdk2 kinases. We have found that cyclin E‐cdk2 complexes from cells G1‐arrested by adhesion deprivation, though present at normal levels, are catalytically inactive. These results suggest that control of cell cycle progression by adhesion is mediated by a pathway involving cyclin E‐cdk2, Rb, and CBP/cycA, ultimately controlling transcriptional activation of cyclin A at the G1/S boundary. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor and the high‐affinity trk nerve growth factor receptor in human prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: Djakiew Daniel , Delsite Robert , Dalai Rakhi , Pflug Beth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) interacts with a low‐affinity NGF receptor (LNGFR) and a high‐affinity Trk receptor in the paracrine regulation of human prostate growth. Both the LNGFR and the Trk receptor localize to the epithelia of the normal prostate. During malignant progression of the prostate, expression of the LNGFR is progressively lost from the epithelia, whereas Trk expression is retained in the epithelia of the adenomatous foci. Human prostatic stromal cell secretory protein (hPS) containing NGF stimulates autophosphorylation of the Trk receptor in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. This effect appears to be broadly based, because three distinct human prostate tumor cell lines (TSU‐pr1, DU‐145, and PC‐3) were shown to undergo Trk autophosphorylation in response to treatment with hPS. These observations are of potential significance, because the LNGFR is thought to participate in the inhibition of prostate growth via apoptotic mechanisms, whereas the Trk receptor is thought to participate in the stimulation of prostate growth via initiation of a phosphorylation cascade. Therefore, loss of the LNGFR may eliminate an inhibitor of prostate growth as well as reducing competition for the NGF ligand, thereby enhancing a growth stimulus to the prostate tissues mediated via the Trk receptor. In this manner, an alteration in the balance of growth regulation between the inhibitory effect of the LNGFR and the stimulatory effect of the Trk receptor may play a causal role in prostate carcinogenesis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of epithelial differentiation by the E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomaviruses
Authors: Monini Paolo , Laimins Laimonis A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect squamous epithelial cells of the genital tract and induce a variety of hyperproliferative lesions, including carcinomas. The vegetative viral life cycle is linked closely to epithelial differentiation, with virion production occurring only in highly differentiated suprabasal cells. We have used organotypic cultures to study the effects of HPV gene products on epithelial differentiation. Although E6 and E7 gene products immortalize normal human keratinocytes efficiently in culture, additional cellular mutations are required to induce a complete loss of differentiation capability. These results are consistent with a multistep process in the development of HPV‐associated anogenital malignancies in vivo. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the multistep nature of human carcinogenesis utilizing human fibroblasts
Authors: Justin McCormick J. , Maher Veronica M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have developed a human fibroblast cell lineage in which, by sequential clonal selection, we have been able to isolate cells that exhibit more and more of the characteristics of tumor‐derived cells. The ultimate cells in the lineage form rapidly proliferating sarcomas in athymic mice. Analysis indicates that various “activated” oncogenes, such as ras, sis and myc, can play a causal role in the transformation of human fibroblasts. The evidence suggests that some of the steps in the transformation process that we have not yet been able to associate with a specific gene involve loss of expression of suppressor genes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mini review: Molecular mechanisms of immortalization of human mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Wazer David E. , Band Vimla 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal human mammary epithelial cells (MECs) exhibit a finite life span both in vivo and in vitro. A critical event in oncogenic transformation is the ability of cells to multiply indefinitely, a phenomenon referred to as immortalization. Using human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes, we have recently identified multiple MEC subtypes that show distinct susceptibilities to immortalization by the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes. Because HPV16 E6 and E7 inactivate two well‐known tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and Rb, respectively, these results suggest a cell‐type‐specific predominance of the tumor suppressor pathways. Indeed, E6‐ and E7‐immortalized cells exhibit dramatic reduction in the levels of p53 and Rb proteins, respectively, resulting in abrogation of p53‐ and Rb‐dependent functions, such as the cell cycle arrest response to DNA damage. Moreover, the E6‐susceptible MECs could also be immortalized by mutant p53 alone and by exposure to γ‐irradiation. Interestingly, the loss of p53 function was an early event in γ‐irradiation‐induced immortalization, further supporting the essential role of p53 in regulating the growth of these cells. Availability of these in vitro models should facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of early mammary tumorigenesis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunochemosurgery for gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Jin‐Pok 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of immunochemosurgery on 73 patients with stage III gastric cancer who were treated with radical subtotal gastrectomy followed by immunochemotherapy for 18 months during the 5‐year period between 1975 and 1980 were compared to the effects of therapy on 64 patients with stage III gastric cancer treated with radical subtotal gastrectomy atone during the period between 1970 and 1980.For immunotherapy, picibanil (streptococcus pyogenes preparation) was intramuscularly given weekly, and for chemotherapy, either MFC (mito‐mycin‐C, 5‐FU, and cytosine arabinoside) regimen I.V. ten times followed by oral 5‐FU or FME (5‐FU and methyl‐CCNU) regimen was given. The percentage of survivors who received postoperative immunochemotherapy compared to mat of survivors who received surgery alone differed by approximately 15%. This difference was rather constant with more than 5 years of follow‐up. The 5‐year survival rate in the immunochemosurgery group was 38.1%, whereas that in the surgery alone group was 24.8%, which was statistically significant (p < 0.01).Various immune parameter studies such as 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DNCB) test, T lymphocyte count and percent, PHA‐ and concanavalin‐A‐stimulated lymphoblastogenesis, and antibody dependent cellular cyto‐toxicity (ADCC) activity showed more favorable data in the immunoche‐mosurgery group than in the surgery alone group.The effects of early postoperative immunochemotherapy (immunotherapy from the fourth to fifth postoperative day, and chemotherapy from me eighth to tenth postoperative day) after radical gastrectomy seems to be superior to that of surgery alone for stage III gastric cancer. For stage J and II gastric cancer, radical gastrectomy and postoperative immunotherapy for 3 months would be the best treatment.
A surgical oncology perspective on AIDS
Authors: Pollock Raphael E. , Ames Frederick C. , Ota David M. , Mansell Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the summer of 1981 reports of unusual opportunistic infections among male homosexuals first began to appear in the literature and by December 1983, 3000 cases has been reported to the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia. Homosexual and bisexual men comprise 71% of the reported cases, while 17% are known intravenous drug users, and the remaining 12% made up of persons with other risk factors.Approximately 80% of AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma have identifiable gastrointestinal lesions. Specific risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients have not been exclusively identified, but it is thought that repeated sexual involvement with multiple partners exposes the victim to the immunosuppressive effect of cytomegalovinis and allo‐genic sperm, which may in turn impair lymphoid cells. The immunologi‐cal abnormalities associated with AIDS have included striking changes in T‐cell ratios, with more profound changes in the Kaposi‐AIDS groups. Increases in IgG, decreased antibody production by B‐cells to challenge antigen, decreased B‐cell proliferative responses to B‐cell mitogens, abnormalities in macrophage function, and increased serum thymosin levels have been found. Various opportunistic infections afflict the patient with AIDS, Antimicrobial therapy, various interferons, interleukin‐2, and im‐munomoduiation with thymosin have all been used without much success. The distribution and transmission of AIDS parallels hepatitis B virus infection which is transmitted sexually and parenterally. On the whole the same precautions as for hepatitis B should be taken for AIDS, Health care personnel treating patients with AIDS should also wear masks and eye protection against the splatter of body fluids and secretions.The management of the AIDS patient is based on treating the associated Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphomas and some opportunistic infections as determined by histology of biopsy specimens.Surgical and medical interface is necessary for the most effective treatment of this disease which can present with a wide variety of gastrointestinal manifestations which may require surgical intervention.
Esophageal carcinoma cases surviving for more than ten years in Japan
Authors: Mori Shozo , Nakayama Mdand Komei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe early results of surgical treatment of esophageal cancer were unfavorable, but have steadily improved. At present, more than 1,000 surgical procedures for carcinoma of the esophagus are performed annually in Japan, with an operative mortality of around 6%; long‐term results are steadily improving. In a survey of the 256 institutional members of the Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases, 387 patients were found to have survived for 10 years or more. The main factors affecting prognosis are the size of the lesion, degree of invasion, extent of metastasis, and stage. Mild problems of regurgitation or heartburn in 25.5% of cases point to a need for improved operative procedures; the fact that 31.2% have died due to malignant disease, including recurrence, emphasizes the need for follow‐up.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Rolston Kenneth V. I. , Bodey Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was recognized as a distinct clinical entity in 1981 and was characterized by unexplained opportunistic infections and an aggressive form of Kaposi's sarcoma. High risk groups for contracting AIDS include homosexual men, parenteral drug users, hemophiliacs, recipients of blood and blood products, and heterosexual contacts of such individuals. Immunologic abnormalities associated with AIDS include lymphopenia, functional T‐cell deficits, B‐lymphocyte defects, and various serologic abnormalities. The causative virus has been identified as the human T‐lymphotropic virus/lymphade‐nopathy associated virus (HTLV‐in/LAV). AIDS represents the severe end of the clinical spectrum of infection with HTLV‐in/LAV. Other manifestations are asymptomatic carriage, generalized lymphadenopathy, and a set of non‐specific symptoms, termed the AIDS‐related‐complex (ARC). Although seen predominantly in the United States, AIDS has a world‐wide occurrence. No known therapy for AIDS exists. Research efforts are being directed at antiviral therapy, immunorestoration and the development of a vaccine.
Evaluation of the second‐look laparotomy in the management of carcinoma of the ovary
Authors: Yakushiji Michiaki , Kato Toshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred and thirty four patients had a second‐look laparotomy in the course of management of cancer of the ovary. Patients were stratified according to four indications: (1) resection of the residual tumor following chemotherapy or radiation therapy, (2) evaluation of the disease with intent to stop chemotherapy and assess signs of recurrence or persistence, (3) restaging, and (4) surgical indication. The first group consisted of 35 patients. In 20 of 35 patients in this group, complete removal of the residual tumor (residual ≦m 2 cm) was possible, and the survival curves indicated that removal of the residual tumor during the second‐look laparotomy improved the survival rate. The second group consisted of 77 patients. No evidence of disease was found in 44 of the 77 patients in this group. Four patients with negative second‐look laparotomy developed recurrences, and three patients died from the disease. The third group consisted of seven patients. In one of seven patients in this group, the stage was modified after second‐look laparotomy.
Imaging of a pediatric abdominal mass
Authors: Seidel F. Glen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe approach to the child with an abdominal mass will be aided by careful consideration of the radiographic imaging modalities available at an institution. The relative advantages, disadvantages, costs, and radiation of each modality are presented. The recommended workup of a pediatric abdominal mass, as well as the most common masses and their differential diagnosis, are outlined.
Malignant lymphomas in children and adolescents
Authors: Brecher Martin L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMalignant lymphomas constitute the third most common group of childhood cancers in the United States. Hodgkin's disease (HD) exhibits a bimodal age peak, with the first peak occurring in the 15–34‐year age group. Nodular sclerosis is the most common histologic subtype of HD seen in children. The disease tends to be primarily supradiaphragmatic at presentation. Accurate staging is essential for determination of appropriate therapy. Staging laparotomy with splenectomy is indicated for those patients with clinically localized disease whose therapy may be altered by pathologic staging. Radiation therapy is curative in the great majority of patients with localized disease. Multimodality therapy has been employed with increasing success in patients with advanced disease. The late sequelae of therapy must be considered in the design of optimum therapeutic regimens. More than 90% of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in childhood can be grouped into one of three histologic subtypes: lymphoblastic, undifferentiated, and diffuse large cell type. Lymphoblastic lymphomas most commonly present with mediastinal involvement. The majority of nonlymphoblastic lymphomas arise within the abdomen. Because of the tendency of NHL for extralymphatic dissemination, systemic therapy is always required. Treatment is determined by stage and histology. Significant improvements in survival rates have resulted from the development of effective combination chemotherapy programs. Cure rates in excess of 90% can be expected in children with localized disease. The outlook for children with advanced disease of undifferentiated histology remains poor. The presence of central nervous system involvement at diagnosis is a particularly ominous sign.
Testicular tumors in infants and children
Authors: Green Daniel M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrimary malignant tumors of the testis are uncommon in infants and children. Tumors of germ cell origin are identified most frequently. The clinical presentation is usually due to the presence of an enlarging scrotal mass. Determinations of the serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta‐hCG) levels are helpful for diagnosis and management. All suspected testicular tumors should be surgically evaluated through a high inguinal incision. Postoperative chemotherapy is recommended for some patients with yolk sac tumor and all patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Prolonged relapse‐free survival is possible for most infants and children with malignant testicular tumors.
Monoclonal antibodies in studying immunological phenotypes of neoplastic diseases
Authors: Kadagidze Zaira G. , Baryshnikov Anatoly Ju. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix hybridoma clones were obtained secreting monoclonal antibodies (Mab) against differentiating antigens of human hemopoietic cells. ICO‐1 Mab detect la‐like (Dr) antigens. Mab react with IMymphocytes and monocytes without detecting antigens on granulocytes and T‐cells. Antigen expression was enhanced following cell activation in a blast cell transformation test and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). ICO‐1 Mab blocked MLC. The molecular weights of the antigen were 29 and 34 kilodaltons. Comparative studies of ICO‐1 Mab with other Mab against la‐like antigens revealed their identical reactivity. ICO‐11 Mab detect the antigen on 4% of Wood lymphocytes, 75% thymocytes, monoMasts, and CFU‐GM. These Mab block NK‐cell activity of blood mononuclear cells. ICO‐GM‐1 Mab detect the antigen on myelomonocytic cells and their precursors, but not CFU‐GM. These Mab block binding of the C3Bi complement component to CR3 receptor and NK‐cell activity. ICO‐G2 Mab detect the antigen expressed at final stages of granulocyte differentiation. ICO‐10 Mab detect the antigen on early thymocytes and ICO‐02 on undifferentiated blast cells. Mab were shown to be applicable for human leukemia and lymphoma immune diagnosis.
Clinical experience in breast cancer—20 years after radical mastectomy
Authors: Yu Hongtiao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom 1958 to 1982, 1,035 radical mastectomies have been performed in our institute in cases of breast cancer. A total of 804 cases have been followed up for 5 years or more after the operation, the follow‐up rate being 100%. Routine radical operations were performed in 695 cases, whereas the other 109 cases were treated with simple mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, and extended radical mastectomy. The 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 20‐year survival rates of these 804 cases were 71.8%, 58.2%, 48.8%, and 41.8%, respectively. According to the tumor‐node‐metastases (TNM) classification, the 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 20‐year survival rates for stage I were 85.4%, 77.0%, 58.3%, and 75.0%; for stage II, 72.8%, 57.4%, 53.5%, and 58.8%; and for stage III, 55.3%, 44.7%, 36.5%, and 8.0%, respectively.
Chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors
Authors: Takamizawa H. , Sekiya S. , Kobayashi O. , Matsui H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVirtually 100% of patients with nonmetastatic and low‐risk metastatic trophoblastic tumors are now curable by only conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate, actinomycin D, or their combination with or without other agents. However, approximately 30% of high‐risk patients with metastatic trophoblastic tumors are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. All of the high‐risk patients resistant to chemotherapy are those with metastatic choriocarcinoma. Thus, the efficacy of multidrug chemotherapy and combination chemotherapy of cisplatin or VP16‐213 with other agents is now being examined.
Extracolonic manifestations of familial polyposis coli
Authors: Jagelman David G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe original concept of familial polyposis coli (FPC) as only a genetically determined premalignant disease of the colon changed in the 1950's, with the description of Gardner's syndrome. The extracolonic manifestations of osteoma and epidermoid cyst have since been shown to be only a small part of the spectrum of both benign and malignant extracolonic manifestations of the disease. The modern concept of this condition is that FPC is a genetically determined generalized growth disorder that gives rise to tumors in various parts of the body.
Surveillance in relatives of patients with adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Berk T. , Cohen Z. , McLeod R. S. , Cullen J. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRegistry ascertainment of kindreds with adenomatous polyposis (AP) reduces the incidence of colorectal carcinoma by medical monitoring for offspring and siblings of affected patients. Due to its pleiomorphic genotype and a 50% risk for AP in each patient's progeny, early screening is mandatory. Flexible sigmoidoscopy, averaging from puberty to age 48, annually or every two years, is one diagnostic technique that does not result in excess patient discomfort or cost. Timely examination is facilitated when eye anomalies, osteomas, or epidermoid cysts are present in childhood as potential clinical markers for AP. Denial, misperceptions, and fear may impede surveillance in the absence of education by the registry health care team.