bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimeric ansamycins—A new class of antitumor Hsp90 modulators with prolonged inhibitory activity
Authors: Zhang Hong , Yang Yong‐Ching , Zhang Lin , Fan Junhua , Chung Daun , Choi Diana , Grecko Roy , Timony Gregg , Karjian Patricia , Boehm Marcus , Burrows Francis 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe geldanamycin derivative 17‐allyamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG) is a clinical stage ATP‐competitive HSP90 inhibitor that induces degradation of HSP90 client proteins. 17‐AAG contains 1 ansamycin moiety and is highly potent in conventional cell killing assays. Since active Hsp90 exists as a dimer, we hypothesized that dimeric compounds containing 2 ansamycin pharmacophores might inhibit Hsp90 function more efficiently than 17‐AAG. Here, we show that monomeric and dimeric ansamycins exert their activity in distinct ways. Under conditions of continuous exposure, 17‐AAG induced client degradation and cell growth inhibition more readily than the dimeric drugs CF237 and CF483. By contrast, 24 hr treatment of various tumor cells with 17‐AAG followed by drug washout caused temporary client degradation and cell cycle arrest but minimal cell death, whereas both dimers induced massive apoptosis. CF237 remained bound to Hsp90 for days after drug withdrawal and, while both monomeric and dimeric compounds caused accumulation of the inactive intermediate Hsp90 complex, this effect disappeared following washout of 17‐AAG but not CF237. The dimer was also retained for longer in tumor xenografts and displayed superior antitumor activity in vivo. These results indicate that monomeric and dimeric Hsp90 inhibitors have distinct biological profiles and work differentially toward target inhibition. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of second malignant neoplasms among lymphoma patients with a family history of cancer
Authors: Landgren Ola , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Stewart Laveta , Gridley Gloria , Mellemkjaer Lene , Hemminki Kari , Goldin Lynn R. , Travis Lois B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRadiotherapy and chemotherapy are known risk factors for second cancers after lymphoma. The role of genetic influences, however, remains largely unknown. We assessed risk of second cancers associated with family history of any cancer in 41,181 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (n= 7,476), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n= 25,941), or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (n= 7,764), using a large population‐based database. Family history of cancer was based on a diagnosis of any cancer in 110,862 first‐degree relatives. We found increased relative risk (RR) (1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–3.16) of breast cancer among HL patient with positive (vs.negative) family history of cancer. Among CLL patients with positive (vs.negative) family history of cancer, we observed elevated risks of bladder (RR = 3.53, 95% CI: 1.31–9.55) and prostate cancer (RR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.17–3.94). For NHL patients with positive (vs.negative) family history of cancer, we observed non‐significantly increased risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer (RR = 1.94, 95% CI: 0.86–4.38) and lung cancer (RR = 1.99, 95% CI: 0.73–5.39). Our observations suggest that genetic factors, as measured by positive family history of cancer, may be influential risk‐factors for selected second tumors following lymphoproliferative disorders. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Socioeconomic inequality and short‐term outcome in Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Soares Andrea , Biasoli Irene , Scheliga Adriana , Luiz Ronir Raggio , Costa Mário Alberto , Land Marcelo , Romano Sérgio , Morais José Carlos , Spector Nelson 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSocioeconomic status (SES) is a determinant of outcome in various types of cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the SES in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). From 2001 to 2005, 194 consecutive patients were prospectively followed in 5 institutions. Patients answered a questionnaire with a set of items used to determine the SES, and were then divided in 2 groups according to their SES score. There were 151 patients (78%) with a higher SES and 43 patients (22%) with a lower SES. The complete remission (CR) rate was 82%. Patients with a higher SES had a higher CR rate than those with a lower SES (85 vs. 72%, crude odds ratio = 2.27, p = 0.046). A lower SES and the performance status >1 were independently associated with a trend towards a lower CR, even when controlled for the other covariables of interest. Ten patients (5%) died during treatment. Death during treatment was associated with a lower SES (16 vs. 2%, p = 0.001), a performance status >1 (p < 0.0001), a lower lymphocyte count (p = 0.012) and weakly with a lower albumin level (p = 0.065). With a median follow‐up of 1.7 years, a higher SES was associated with a better 2‐year overall survival (93 vs. 79%, p = 0.01). In underprivileged countries, patients with a lower SES require a more careful monitoring during treatment, possibly with specific support measures. Regimens more intense than doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine could pose a prohibitive risk of complications in this group of patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer guidelines—Physicians' intentions and behaviors
Authors: Eisinger Francois , Ronda Isabelle , Puig Brigitte , Camerlo Jacques , Giovannini Marie‐Hélène , Bardou Valérie‐Jeanne 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGuidelines are written to define what a physician should do, and networks set up to provide every patient with good practice. However, is willingness to treat according norms enough to actually implement it? Between 1997 and 2003, 4,533 women with invasive, noninflammatory, nonmetastatic breast cancer have been treated within the framework of a regional network (R2C). The rate of implementation of 5 consensual norms was assessed. The rate of “abnormal” management regarding surgical re‐excision for inadequate margin was found to be 12.6%. The main explanatory variable was patient age >70 years (OR = 4.05). For nodal exploration, the sampling quality threshold was set at 10. Mean rate of lack of compliance was 25.2%. The 2 main explicative factors were surgeon's experience and women's age. The observed rate of “insufficient” irradiation dose was 18.2%. The main explanatory variables were age (with a gradient) and a negative nodal status. Concerning adjuvant chemotherapy, the rate of no treatment (despite consensual indication) was 16.0%. Again, the main explicative factor was age (with a gradient). Women's age appears to be a major explanatory variable predicting lack of physician's compliance with consensual norms. Besides the age of the women, a “better” prognosis (negative nodal status and pT ≤ 20 mn) is often associated with lack of compliance. It is not clear, however, if it's the rules that do not fit the clinical situation of aging patients or the physicians who are not aware of the benefit of consensual disease management for aging patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dynamic model of contraceptive choice of Spanish couples
Authors: Carro Jesús M. , Mira Pedro 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe propose a simple dynamic stochastic model of sterilization and contraceptive use and we estimate its structural parameters using a sample of married couples from the 1995 Spanish Family and Fertility Survey. The estimated structural model improves on previous studies in terms of its ability to rationalize observed behaviour. Allowing for simple forms of permanent unobserved heterogeneity across couples in their ability to conceive has important implications for estimates of utility and cost parameters. Estimates of child valuation parameters imply that most Spanish couples would have two children, but significant deviations from this goal are brought about by imperfect and costly fertility control. We perform simulations to quantify the impact on fertility of the availability of sterilization and other technologies which improve fertility control. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian analysis of the two‐part model with endogeneity: application to health care expenditure
Authors: Deb Partha , Munkin Murat K. , Trivedi Pravin K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of managed care on medical expenditure using a model in which the insurance status is assumed to be endogenous. Insurance plan choice is modeled through the multinomial probit model. The medical expenditure variable, the outcome of interest, has a significant proportion of zeros that are handled using the two‐part model, extended to handle endogenous insurance. The estimation approach is Bayesian, based on the Gibbs Sampler. The model is applied to a sample of 20 460 individuals obtained from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The results provide substantial evidence of selectivity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The costs of motherhood: an analysis using matching estimators
Authors: Simonsen Marianne , Skipper Lars 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe estimate the effect of motherhood on wages using matching. We distinguish between net and direct effects. The net effect includes the total wage costs, whereas the direct represents the causal effect. Since covariates are likely affected by motherhood, the latter effect is not immediately uncovered. We therefore implement two strategies: first, we confine the analysis to consider sector‐specific treatment effects; second, we impose additive separability on the outcome equation. We find negative net effects that vary little with sector. The direct effect is small and negative in the public sector and insignificant in the private sector. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching undergraduate econometrics with GRETL
Authors: Mixon Jr J. Wilson , Smith Ryan J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews GRETL, a software package for econometrics. Mainly it discusses GRETL's merits as an aid in teaching undergraduate econometrics. This discussion is in two parts. First one author, an instructor, reviews the teaching of undergraduate econometrics with GRETL. Then the second author, a student, discusses the experience of being introduced to GRETL as part of the introductory course and of putting it to work as part of his employment. The paper briefly discusses GRETL as a research tool. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Desorption/ionization on porous silicon mass spectrometry (DIOS) of model cationized fatty acids
Authors: Budimir Natali , Blais Jean‐Claude , Fournier Françoise , Tabet Jean‐Claude 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDesorption/ionization on porous silicon (DIOS) is a very useful technique in the case of small molecular weight compounds, compared to the matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). This is because MALDI generates matrix‐related ions that overlap with the mass range of interest. The aim of our work was to investigate the suitability of the DIOS technique in the case of fatty acids in negative ion mode. The analysis of the chosen fatty acid models, nonadecanoic acid (C19H38O2) and heneicosanoic acid (C21H42O2), gave rise to the observation of the deprotonated monomeric species and selective cationized multimeric species. This cation selectivity was further elucidated by complementary studies based on the addition of various metals such as AgI, ZnII, FeII, and also CuII. Specific behavior, depending upon the introduced metal, was highlighted by different redox reaction processes and also metastable decompositions (in PSD mode). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
17β‐estradiol differentially regulates androgen‐responsive genes through estrogen receptor‐β‐ and extracellular‐signal regulated kinase‐dependent pathways in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Takahashi Yoko , Perkins Susan N. , Hursting Stephen D. , Wang Thomas T.Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe molecular mechanism underlying the actions of estrogens in normal prostate physiology and prostate cancer development remains unclear. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that estrogens modulate androgen‐dependent events in prostate cells by examining the effects of 17β‐estradiol (E2) on androgen‐responsive genes (ARGs) in the androgenresponsive LNCaP cells. We found that LNCaP cells express estrogen receptor‐β (ER‐β) as the major form of ER and ER treatment with E2 led to an increase in cell growth. The proliferative effect of E2 correlated with induction of several ARGs by E2. Interestingly, some other ARGs did not respond to E2. Consistent with involvement of ER‐β, the induction of both cell growth and ARG mRNA levels by E2 was attenuated by the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780. Moreover, we found ER‐β small interfering RNA attenuated induction of ARG mRNAs by E2. However, the effect of E2 on ARG mRNA appeared also to require the androgen receptor and to be mediated through activation of the extracellular‐signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. These results provide mechanistic evidence supporting a direct effect of estrogen, mediated through ER‐β‐ and ERK‐dependent pathways, on specific molecular targets in human prostate cancer cells. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On singularities of solution of Maxwell's equations in axisymmetric domains with conical points
Authors: Nkemzi Boniface 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBoundary value problems (BVP) in three‐dimensional axisymmetric domains can be treated more efficiently by partial Fourier analysis. Partial Fourier analysis is applied to time‐harmonic Maxwell's equations in three‐dimensional axisymmetric domains with conical points on the rotation axis thereby reducing the three dimensional BVP to an infinite sequence of 2D BVPs on the plane meridian domain Ωa⊂ℝ of . The regularity of the solutions un (n∈ℕ0:={0, 1, 2,…}) of the two dimensional BVPs is investigated and it is proved that the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions un near an angular point on the rotation axis can be characterized by singularity functions related to the solutions of some associated Legendre equations. By means of numerical experiments, it is shown that the solutions un for n∈ℕ0\{1} belong to the Sobolev space H2 irrespective of the size of the solid angle at the conical point. However, the regularity of the coefficient u1 depends on the size of the solid angle at the conical point. The singular solutions of the three dimensional BVP are obtained by Fourier synthesis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of dynamic characteristics of FGM plates with integrated piezoelectric layers using first‐ and second‐order approximations
Authors: Aryana F. , Bahai H. , Mirzaeifar R. , Yeilaghi A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for calculating the required changes in the physical properties of plates made of functionally graded materials (FGM) in order to achieve the desired eigenfrequency shifts in the structure. A finite element formulation based on the classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) is presented for an FGM plate with integrated piezoelectric layers. Using this formulation, an efficient method based on the first‐order and second‐order approximations in Taylor expansion is expressed to calculate the corresponding changes in the plate modal properties due to changes in parameters which characterize the structure's dynamic behaviour. An initial sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the regions within the structure where modifications are most effective on the structure's dynamic characteristics. The proposed algorithm is applied to a case study with two different boundary conditions and the results are validated against exact solutions. The influence of structural modifications on dynamic response of the plate is also studied using the Newmark‐β method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dedicated Fourier analysis for the simulation of composite pipes with defects
Authors: Baranger E. , Allix O. , Blanchard L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThrough the study of a linear problem, this paper introduces some of the ingredients that are needed in order to conduct efficient non‐linear calculations on composite pipes under thermo‐mechanical loading in the presence of defects. Based on the observation that the main degradation scenarios take place at the extremity of a pipe, a refined model is used to describe this end zone while the rest of the pipe is described using a beam model. This study focuses on the efficient resolution of the refined end zone. For that, a dedicated Fourier expansion is used. The initial 3D problem is then transformed in a set of coupled 2D ones. The questions of the expansion truncation and the resolution of the coupled problem are then tackled. The use of a preconditioned conjugate gradient method allows to treat quasi‐industrial problems in a prototype code in Matlab. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artists' attitudes to marketing: a cross‐cultural perspective
Authors: Kubacki Krzysztof , Croft Robin 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Although the music industry is dominated by a few global players, the vast majority of musical performances are by nonprofit organisations, self‐employed musicians or small and medium enterprises (SMEs). But, while a great deal has been written about the marketing of music—distribution, branding, audience development, etc.—comparatively little is known about the attitudes of musicians themselves to marketing, despite the fact their role as both product and producer is so central to the musical experience.

The research sets out to gain an understanding of this neglected topic by undertaking a cross‐cultural analysis of musicians from two different cultures: it compares the attitudes of artists in a mature, post‐industrial economy (UK) with those in a post‐communist, emerging democracy (Poland). The research finds that society, culture and the economic environment appear to shape attitudes far less than art itself. Across both cultures the research discovers at best an ambivalence towards marketing, and at worst a general antipathy towards the whole notion of art‐as‐business.

The implications of these findings, if replicated across other countries, other musical genres and across the arts as a whole, could be worrying. Historically, the arts have been dominated by nonprofit organisations funded at least in part by public and private subsidies, funds which are being substantially eroded in both mature economies and in developing nations. The challenge for nonprofits and SMEs in the arts, then, is about achieving some sort of engagement with business and marketing, without losing their artistic integrity in the process.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further studies on the rheological properties of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolyte systems: effect of varying degree of ethoxylation
Authors: Tam KC , Ng WK , Jenkins RD 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe rheological properties of aqueous solutions of a series of hydrophobically modified alkali‐soluble emulsion (HASE) polymers containing hydrophobic macromonomer with varying number of ethylene oxide (EO) units were examined. The viscosity of a 3 wt% HASE solution increased from 0.06 to 300 Pa s when the number of EO units changed from 0 to 30, and then decreased to 4 Pa s for 40 EO units. The formation of a network structure in the HASE polymer systems is caused by association of hydrophobic moieties in the solution rather than by physical chain entanglements. Two different associating mechanisms, namely the backbone and the multiple center associative mechanisms, are proposed for the HASE polymer with varying number of EO units. The backbone associative mechanism is applicable to HASE polymers with short EO spacer where the hydrophobic association is hindered by electrostatic repulsion on the backbone. In contrast, with longer EO spacer, hydrophobes from different polymer chains are able to associate, leading to the formation of multiple center associative junctions. The drastic reduction in the viscosity for 40 EO units in both dilute and semi‐dilute concentrations is attributed to the formation of a higher proportion of intramolecular associative junctions. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Demonstrating formation of potentially persistent transformation products from the herbicides bromoxynil and ioxynil using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)
Authors: Nielsen Marie KK , Holtze Maria S , Svensmark Bo , Juhler René K 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is shown that potentially persistent transformation products can be formed from the herbicides bromoxynil (3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile) and ioxynil (3,5‐diiodo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile), and possible leaching to groundwater is discussed. A similar process to the formation of BAM (2,6‐dichlorobenzamide) from the herbicide dichlobenil (2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile) can be anticipated as bromoxynil and ioxynil are analogues of dichlobenil and they are degraded by the enzymes nitrilase, nitrile hydratase and amidase. A biodegradation study using cultured Variovorax sp. DSM 11402, a species commonly found in soil, demonstrated that ioxynil and bromoxynil were fully transformed into their corresponding amides in 2–5 days. These amides were not further degraded within 18 days, and formation of other degradation products was not observed. These results are in agreement with biodegradation experiments with dichlobenil. In soil, dichlobenil is transformed into its only observed degradation product BAM, which is persistent and mobile, and has been found in 19% of 5000 samples of Danish groundwater. Variovorax sp. is known to degrade the non‐halogenated analogue benzamide, suggesting that degradation of the three amides may be hindered by the halogenated substituents (meta‐Br; meta‐I; ortho‐Cl). This hypothesis is supported by QSAR modelling of fundamental properties. Using a new optimised liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method, the sorption and desorption properties of bromoxynil and ioxynil were characterised in sandy topsoil at four concentration levels. The estimated sorption coefficient Kd was 1.4 L kg−1 for bromoxynil and 5.4 L kg−1 for ioxynil, indicating weak to moderate sorption to topsoil. Desorption of the herbicides showed that they were strongly and irreversible bound to the soil (Kdes > Kd). The amount of herbicide desorbed depended on the initial concentration level. At low levels, Kdes values were higher, indicating stronger binding than at higher levels. The isocratic LC‐MS/MS method developed for simultaneous detection of bromoxynil, ioxynil and their main degradation products is described. Using negative electrospray ionisation (ESI–), the detection limits were 0.4–1.0 µg L−1, with relative standard deviations of 4–10% (n = 10) using direct injection without clean‐up steps. The standard curves showed linearity in the range 5–100 µg L−1 with r2 > 0.992. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry