bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSTATE CANCER IN GUNMA PREFECTURE, JAPAN
Authors: Nakata Seiji , Sato Jin , Imai Kyoichi , Yamanaka Hidetoshi , Ichinose Yoshio 
Published: July 2007

Background Prostate cancer is rare in Asia, but the number of patients is increasing in Japan. We conducted an epidemiological study of prostate cancer in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, to investigate the trends and characteristics of the disease. Methods: The subjects were 1.411 prostate cancer patients newly diagnosed between 1985 and and 656 patients who died from prostate cancer between 1981 and 1992. The incidence and mortality rates were calculated by year, demographic region and age. Results: The yearly incidence rate showed an increase but the mortality rate showed no marked fluctuations. There was no significant difference between urban and ruraI districts in either incidence or mortality rate. The incidence rate tended to be high in the northern part of the prefecture, but no marked variation in mortality rate was seen. The incidence and mortality rates in districts with a history of manganese mining were high compared to those in districts without mining. In contrast, the incidence and mortality rates in districts with a history of zinc mining were comparatively lower. Both incidence and mortality rates showed a marked increase with age. The age‐specific incidence showed a double logarithmic relationship to age. Conclusions: The increase of the yearly incidence rate might be due to changes in lifestyle and environmental factors, improved diagnostic techniques, and increased awareness among the general public regarding prostate disease. Further investigation is needed to clarify the pattern and the causes of regional differences in the incidence and mortality rates. The possibilities that manganese and zinc might be related to prostatic carcinogenesis are suggested. Int J Urol 1995:2:191–197
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA EXTENDING INTO THE VENA CAVA
Authors: Fujioka Tomouki , Ogiu Kazunori , Matsushita Yasushi , Hasegawa Michihiko , Suto Fumio , Goto Yasuki , Ishikuru Koichi , Tanji Susumu , Aoki Hikaru , Okamoto Tornoshi , Suzuki Kaoru , Kubo Takashi 
Published: July 2007

Background:Renal cell carcinoma has a tendency to invade the vasculature and the prognostic implications of intravena caval tumor thrombectomy remains controversial. We reviewed our clinical experience with RCC patients who underwent tumor thrombectomy and radical nephrectomy. Methods: Surgery was carried out in 13 renal cell carcinoma patients with inferior vena cava extension over the past seven years. Diagnosis of intracaval tumor extension and thrombus formation was made by imaging techniques including ultrasonography and computed tomography. Cavography and magnetic resonance imaging were also performed in some cases.Results:The level of the tumor thrombus was infrahepatic (V2a) in nine cases and retrohepatic (V2b) in four. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were extremely useful in defining the extent of the thrombus in addition to detecting its presence. The caval thrombi were reached simply by ligation and division of the short hepatic veins in the V2a cases, but liver mobilization was required in the V2b cases. There were no operative deaths. Two patients who had metastases on surgery died of the disease eight and 13 months after surgery. Four of the 11 patients in whom no evidence of metastasis was found on surgery also died of the disease between nine and 16 months postoperatively. The remaining seven patients are still alive at periods of 6–74 months after surgery, with or without residual tumors. The nature of the intracaval tumor thrombi seems to affect the overall prognosis for survival. Elevated levels of acute phase reactants and immunosuppressive acidic protein were associated with short survival times.Conclusions:Our experience suggests that aggressive surgery should be considered in selected patients with non‐metastatic renal cell carcinoma extending into the vena cava.
PULMONARY NODULES IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Nakamoto Takahisa , Igawa Mikio , Mitani Shinji , Usui Akihiro , Yoshioka Shinkichiro , Nishiki Masayuki , Usui Tsuguru 
Published: July 2007

Background:Nine patients with a history of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma underwent surgical removal of newly detected pulmonary nodules at the Hiroshima University Hospital. Six patients had metastatic lung tumors two patients had bronchogenic primary carcinomas and one had a granulomatous infection. Methods: To determine if any characteristics can distinguish a new primary carcinoma from metastatic renal cell carcinoma, we reviewed the nine patients described above. The patients with pulmonary metastases and those with new primary lung cancers did not differ in age, sex, history of smoking, clinical stage and pathological findings of the renal primary site, on the location and size of the pulmonary nodules.Results:Only the interval between the nephrectomy and the appearance of the new pulmonary lesion may be a predictive factor. This interval was 48 and 51 months for the patients with new primary lung cancers but varied from 0 to 39 months for the patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A solitary nodule had an equal chance of being metastatic or primary. Conclusions: These results indicate that a solitary nodule that is detected at a longer inferval after radical nephrectomy may be a new primary lung cancer. Once new pulmonary nodules are identified in a patient with a history of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, surgical excision is required for a final diagnosis before initiating therapy for metastases.
DETECTION OF THE URINE JET PHENOMENON USING DOPPLER COLOR FLOW MAPPING
Authors: Matsuda Tadahisa , Saitoh Masahito 
Published: July 2007

Background:Ultrasonic Doppler color flow mapping was applied to detect urinary flow in this study. The purpose of the study was to provide fresh insight into urodynamic and functional studies of the kidney and ureter. Methods: Ultrasonic Doppler color flow mapping was performed from the abdominal surface to detect the urine jet phenomenon from the ureteral orifice in 25 healthy men and four healthy boys. In the cases in which the jet phenomenon was observed, the maximum velocity, mean velocity, successive time and frequency were measured. In 23 of the 25 men, the measurement was performed under normal circumstances and during diuresis.Results:In 23 (92%) of the 25 men and in three (75%) of the four boys, the urine jet phenomenon was clearly visualized under normal conditions. The measured maximum velocity, mean velocity, successive time and frequency on the left side under normal conditions for the men were 31.8 ± 15.3 cm/sec, 20.0 ± 10.2 cm/sec, 2.5 ± 1.3 sec and 1.2 ± 0.5/min, respectively. The magnitude of each of these parameters was smaller in the case of the boys.Conclusions:The detection of the jet phenomenon by Doppler color flow mapping is a promising new way of examining renal or ureteral function noninvasively.
SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS OF RECURRENT CALCIUM CALCULI BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Matsuzaki Shoji , Matsushita Kazuo , Tanikawa Katsurni , Masuda Aiichiro , Matsunaga Juko 
Published: July 2007

Background:While the incidence of calcium urolithiasis increases, the precise mechanism of calcium oxalate stone formation is still controversial. Is the composition of a recurrent calcium oxalate stones always the same as previous ones? There are few reports that specifically address the question by study of sequential changes of the composition of recurrent calcium calculi.Method:From our medical records 70 patients with a history of two or more recurrent episodes of calcium oxalate stone disease were selected and the analyses of 190 stones were reviewed. Infrared spectroscopic analysis was done using a Perkin Elmer 1740 spectrophotometer.Results:Calcium oxalate monohydrate were detected in 63 stones, calcium oxalate dihydrate in 12, calcium oxalate monohydrate mixed with dihydrate in 28, calcium oxalate monohydrate mixed with calcium phosphate in 30, calcium oxalate dihydrate mixed with calcium phosphate in 20, calcium oxalate monohydrate mixed with dihydrate and calcium phosphate in 20, calcium oxalate monohydrate mixed with dihydrate and calcium phosphate in 37. Alterations of stone components during follow‐up were found in 43 stones from 40 patients. The shift of a main composition from calcium oxalate monohydrate to calcium oxalate dihydrate was found in 24 stones and vice versa in 19 stones.Conclusions:Sequential changes of the compositions of recurrent calcium calculi are highly likely to occur with time in individual recurrent calcium stone formers. Calcium oxalate monohydrate was a most common component of the studied recurrent calcium stones.
PLASMA ENDOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Goto Toshihiro , Makinose Shinichi , Ohi Yoshitada 
Published: July 2007

Background:Although endotoxin elicits a variety of pathophysiological activities in hosts with gram‐negative bacterial infections, the clinical significance of plasma endotoxin levels have not been clearly defined in the patients with urinary tract infections. The purpose of the study was to measure plasma endotoxin concentrations in relation to the types of urinary tract infections and to examine their correlation with inflammatory parameters. Methods: Using chromogenic Limulus‐amebocyte lysate assay, plasma endotoxin concentrations were measured in a total of 63 patients with various types of nonspecific urinary tract infections. Results: The mean plasma endotoxin concentrations in patients with sterile pyuria, chronic complicated cystitis, acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis or acute exacerbation of chronic complicated pyelonephritis, chronic complicated pyelonephritis, and acute bacterial prostatitis or epididymitis were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals and in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis. The correlation coefficients between plasma endotoxin concentrations and body temperatures, white blood cell counts in peripheral blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and C‐reactive proteins were 0.678 (P 0.01), 0.503 (P 0.01), 0.416 (P 0.01), and 0.330 (P 0.01), respectively. Conclusions: Patients with urinary tract infections may respond to endotoxin locally and generally depending on the sites of infection involved. However, endotoxin levels do not always correlate to clinical findings or inflammatory parameters.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE OCCURRENCE OF UROTHELIAL TUMORS IN DYE WORKERS EXPOSED TO AROMATIC MINES
Authors: Shinka Toshiaki , Miyai Masahiro , Sawada Yoshihisa , Inagaki Takeshi , Okawa Tadashi 
Published: July 2007

Background:Past studies have analyzed individual jobs in dyestuff factories, materials manufactured and handled, age at exposure, and the duration of exposure in factories as factors related to the occurrence of urothelial tumors. None of these studies was based on long‐term observation, and the factors involved in the occurrence of urothelial tumors remain controversial. In this study, various factors that may affect the occurrence of urothelial tumors in dye workers were assessed by multivariate analysis. Methods: Three hundred and sixty‐three workers in nine member factories of the Dyestuff Industrial Cooperative associated were included the study. Factory A is a large dyestuff chemical factory in Wakayama City with 218 dye workers. The other eight smaller factories employ a total of 145 dye workers. Correlations of tumor occurrence with a variety of factors, such as dyestuff ‐intermediates manufactured and handled, types of job in the factory, age at the beginning of occupational exposure, and the duration of exposure were examined by multivariate analysis using multiple logistic models. Results: Urothelial tumors were found in 58 (16.0%) of the 363 dye workers in the nine member factories of the Cooperative associated examined in the present study. The incidence in workers in Factory A, 5.5% (12 patients), was significantly (P 0.01) lower than the overall incidence, while that in the eight small factories, 31.7% (46 patients), was significantly (P 0.01) higher than the overall incidence. The risk factors significantly related to tumor occurrence in the 363 dye workers were benzidine (odds ratio, 8.302) as a dyestuff intermediate, manufacturing work (odds ratio, 4.631), and a long period of exposure (odds ratio, 1.018). Correlations of the tumor occurrence with the various factors were examined by multivariate analysis using multiple logistic models. In the total of 363 workers, benzidine as an intermediate (P 0.05), manufacturing work (P 0.01) and the duration of exposure (P 0.01) were found to have contributed to the urothelial tumor occurrence. In Factory A, benzidine as an intermediate (P 0.01) and duration of exposure (P 0.05) contributed significantly to tumor occurrence.Conclusions:(1 The manufacturing and handling of benzidine and duration of exposure contribute significantly to the occurrence of occupational urothelial tumor, the former more strongly than the latter; 2) the contribution of different job types to tumor occurrence may be dependent upon the industrial health and safety practices in each factory.
ACCURACY OF PROSTATIC VOLUME CALCULATION IN TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Authors: Kimura Akira , Kurooka Yuji , Hirasawa Kiyoshi , Kitamura Tadaichi , Kawabe Kazuki 
Published: July 2007

Background:Estimation of the prostatic volume by transrectal ultrasonography is now widely used to evaluate the effect of conservative treatment and to improve the specificity of prostate specific antigen. Accurate measurement of prostatic volume is necessary for the calculation of prostate specific antigen density (PSNprostatic volume ratio). Methods: Three dimensional models of the prostatic contour were constructed from transrectal ultrasonotomograms taken at 5 mm intervals in 20 cases. Using these models, the accuracy of ellipsoid volume calculation and prolate ellipse volume calculation were examined. For prolate ellipse volume calculation, prostatic length was measured in two ways; length (Lv) vertical to the transverse section, and length (Lp) parallel to the prostatic urethra.Results:Ellipsoid volume calculation showed errors of about 20%. Moreover, ellipsoid volume calculation fluctuated markedly (up to 50%) in accordance with the change of the scanning angle of the transverse section. The error of prolate ellipse volume calculation using Lp for length increased by an average of 25% as the angle moved away from the perpendicular. The prolate ellipse volume calculation using Lv for length was the most reliable method. The degree of error was least dependent on the angle between the plane and the axis.Conclusion: Although prolate ellipse volume calculation was more accurate than ellipsoid volume calculation, it is essential to have the three axes cross at right angles to obtain an accurate value by the prolate ellipse volume calculation.
PROSTATE‐SPECIFIC ANTIGEN IN MASS SCREENING FOR CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: Shimizu Toshihiro S. , Uchida Tatsuya , Satoh Jin , Imai Kyoichi , Yamanaka Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2007

Background:Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) has various advantages over prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) as a marker for prostate cancer, but its role in prostate cancer mass screening remains controversial. We measured serum PSA in addition to serum PAP determination and digital rectal examination (DRE) in our mass screening program to assess the usefulness of PSA for prostate cancer mass screening. Methods: Serum PSA and PAP measurements and DRE were performed in 1249 patients in mass screening for carcinoma of the prostate in 1989 and 1990. Thirteen cancers were diagnosed. We calculated the mean plus standard deviations (2SD) of the PSA and PAP values of men without cancer, and assessed the usefulness of PSA for prostate cancer screening by using these figures as the upper limit of normal.Results:The number positive for PSA, PAP and DRE were 39, 36 and 48, respectively. If our screening had been performed without DRE, three cancers would have remained undetected, and the number would have been the same if performed without PSA. If the screening had been performed without PAP, on the other hand, no cancers would have remained undetected. The sensitivities of PSA and PAP were 54% and 23%, respectively. The screening detection rate with DRE and PSA was 0.88%, and with DRE and PAP was 0.64%.Conclusions:Measurement of serum PSA values with adjustment of the cut‐off value was considered more useful than PAP in mass screening for prostate cancer.
SINGLE‐STEP PURIFICATION OF PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE: IMMUNOAFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
Authors: Yoshiki Tatsuhiro , Ueda Masamichi , Hirano Atsushi , Okada Ken‐ichiro , Yoshida Osamu 
Published: July 2007

Background:Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is an important protein which should be studied further as a tumor marker or as a biologically functional molecule. The purpose of the study was to establish a simple and reliable method to obtain highly pure PAP. Methods: Spleen cells from mice immunized with prostatic epithelial cells prepared from benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue were fused with myeloma cells X63Ag8–653. Hybrid cells of interest were selected using the indirect immunofluorescence method with unfixed frozen tissue sections. One clone of the hybrid cell lines was established which secreted the monoclonal antibody specifically reactive to prostatic acid phosphatase. Using this monoclonal antibody, we purified the antigen from human prostatic tissue by means of single‐step immunoaffinity chromatography.Results:SDS‐PAGE profiling under reducing conditions indicated that the protein recognized by this antibody consisted of several components of molecular weight 41,000–45,000. Partial amino acid sequence analysis of this protein indicated that these components involved a heterogeneously modified single polypeptide, and that this antigen is identical to human prostatic acid phosphatase. Conclusions: This single‐step method saves the time needed to purify prostatic acid phosphatase and requires only half a day for the whole procedure. Moreover, the purity of the isolated protein was extremely high. This method seems to be useful not only for purifying prostatic acid phosphatase but also for purifying other proteins from the prostate gland and for analysis of antigenic macromolecules.
ALTERATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS‐PITUITARY‐TESTIS AXIS IN OLIGOZOOSPERMIC MEN WITH NORMAL GONADOTROPIN LEVELS
Authors: Fujisawa Masato , Kanzaki Masanori , Hayashi Akijumi , Tanaka Hirokazu , Okada Hiroshi , Arakawa Soichi , Kamidono Sadao 
Published: July 2007

Background:Serum basal hormone levels such as lutenizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone, which is important to regulate testicular function, do not necessarily indicate the normal integrity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testicular axis and the static measurement is not enough to detect the endocrine disorder. The dynamic measurement of gonadal hormone by GnRH test is considered to be more helpful to understanding the endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis. In this study, we performed GnRH test in oligozoospermic patients with normal levels of LH and FSH to examine the subtle alteration of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testis axis. Methods: GnRH test was performed in 41 patients with oligozoospermia and normal gonadal hormone levels.Results:The responses of LH and/or FSH were excessive in most patients in spite of their normal gonadotropin levels. The patients with sperm concentration < 10 ± 106/ml had significantly higher peak levels of both LH and FSH than did those with sperm concentration > 10 ± 106/ml. In the patients with normal peak levels of both LH and FSH, sperm concentration was significantly higher than those with exceeded peak levels of FSH and/or LH after GnRH test. No significant differences were observed in estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, or prolactin (PRL) levels between patients with normal responses and abnormal responses of LH and/or FSH.Conclusions:The feedback control of gonadotropin release from testis was worse in more severely oligozoospermic patients, although the precise mechanism of feed back still remains unknown.
Exact Documentation of Location and Size of Bladder Tumor with a Three–Dimensional Mapping Device
Authors: Hatano Tadashi , Oda Masami , Ogawa Yoshihide , Osawa Akira 
Published: July 2007

Background Cystoscopy is one of the most important devices for diagnosing bladder tumor, but has a crucial shortcoming—the size of observed objects cannot be measured. This paper describes a new method to measure the position and size of a bladder tumor using a three–dimensional mapping device.Methods The three–dimensional mapping device, which is connected to an endoscope prior to use, can precisely measure the size and show the position of a bladder tumor. It consists of several arms connected by an angle sensor mounted on the articular site. One end of the device is fixed to the table and the other end is connected to the eye piece of an endoscope. Weight balancers keep each arm in a well balanced position, so urologists can freely manipulate the endoscope. Data from the angle sensor is sent to a personal computer (PC), which computes data such as three–dimensional coordination and diameter of a tumor. The diameter of a tumor is calculated by the PC according to the Pythagorean theorem.Conclusion The position and size of a bladder tumor can be measured using our three–dimensional mapping device.
Clinical Studies on Advantages and Safety of Visual Laser Ablation for Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Nasu Yasutomo , Watanabe Toyohiko , Kumon Hiromi , Ohmori Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2007

Since 1992, we have been performing VLAP using a right–angle laser delivery system (Urolase) for BPH patients with significant underlying nonurological diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and maligant diseases. Sufficient clinical results have been obtained without major complications during short–term and long–term observation.In this study, we discuss the clinical advantages and safety of VLAP, compared with TURP, through analysis of the clinical procedure for VLAP for patients treated with anticoagulant agents such as waríarin.In our study of 40 patients, 8 patients were treated with anticoagulants for cardiovascular disease. During the procedure and after the operation, no significant complications were encountered except for transient postoperative bleeding.The 8 patients who received simultaneous anticoagulant therapy also underwent TURP to draw a comparison. The time taken for the procedure and the volume of the blood loss were significantly reduced by VLAP.The hemostatic nature of YAG laser energy seems to result in a technical improvement over conventional I URP for patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy.
Experimental Studies of Adhesion and Endocytosis of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Renal Tubular Cells
Authors: Kohjimoto Yasuo , Ebisuno Shoichi , Tamura Miyako , Ohkawa Tadashi 
Published: July 2007

The present investigation was designed to study the interactions between Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals, the most abundant constituent of urinary crystals, and to clarify the significance of these crystal–cell interactions in stone pathogenesis. COM crystals adhered to the intact surface of MDCK cells by some biological mechanisms (biological adhesion) and, were then internalized into the cell (endocytosis). The microvilli of the cell appeared to play an important role in this process.In the kidneys of rats with experimentally induced stones, most COM crystals adhered to the tubular cells and some crystals were engulfed, via endocytosis. Thus, these crystal–cell interactions might be one of the earliest processes in the formation of kidney stones. Further elucidation of the mechanism and the regulatory factors of this process may provide new insight into stone pathogenesis.