bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Mammalian Masticatory Mechanisms: Progress and Problems
Authors: Gans Carl , Vree Fritz de , Gorniak Gerard C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDirect measurement of bone movements and muscle activation in mammalian mastication is now possible. Early results indicate that the patterns are quite variable and depart from the stereotyped versions sometimes reported. Most mammals masticate unilaterally; only a few chew simultaneously on both sides. Orbital movements are complex and three‐dimensional. While most muscles are active during the reduction phase, it is difficult to define phases by sharp transitions of activity. The fascicles of pinnate muscles differ in fiber architecture and physiology; they tend to function at different times and with distinct mechanical advantages.Interspecific diversity and marked responses to food consistency and size, still preclude generalizations. Improved methods for comparisons among orbits, for correlation of forces and excursions, and automated correlations of movements, forces and electromyograms are beginning to be available and need to be more generallv applied to analysis.
Alkaline Phosphatase Reaction in Hair Follicles of Male Beagle Dogs during Hair Cycle Stages*
Authors: Al‐Bagdadi F. K. , Titkemeyer C. W. , Lovell J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe literature reviewed has revealed differences of opinion concerning the location of alkaline phosphates and its relationship to the hair cycle stages. This project was undertaken to determine alkaline phosphatase activity in the hair follicle stages: anagen, catagen, and telogen.Skin biopsy samples were collected over a period of 1 year from 9 purebred male Beagle dogs. At the beginning of the experiment 3 dogs were 2 weeks of age, 3 dogs were 12 months of age and 3 dogs were 21 months of age. The skin biopsies were taken monthly from alternate sides of each animal near the thoracolumbar region. Samples were fixed in 80% chilled alcohol and the alkaline phosphatase activity was determined by Gomori's calcium cobalt method. A total of 250 slides with seven sections per slide was examined. Each slide contained between 14–60 hair follicles.During anagen stage, the reaction of the dermal papilla for the presence of alkaline phosphatase was variable. A weak or negative reaction was observed in this study which was an unexpected finding. The reaction of the dermal papilla to alkaline phosphatase was positive in catagen stage. The cells of the dermal papillae in telogen stage were strongly alkaline phosphatase positive. The reaction was not confined to the blood vessels but occurred in all parts of the dermal papilla in both early and late stages.
Histological Studies on the Regional Postnatal Differentiation of the Epididymis in the Ram1
Authors: Nilnophakoon Nati 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe regional postnatal development of the epididymal duct was studied with histological technique in 22 lambs of the “Swedish Landrace” breed at intervals from 1 week to 18 weeks after birth. At one week, the whole epididymal duct had a simple low columnar epithelium. In the terminal segment the epithelium ecquired a structure similar to that in the adult epididymis at the age of about 6 weeks. Normal spermatozoa were not seen in the cauda epididymidis until the lambs were about 18 weeks old. In the middle segment, distal, intermediate and proximal parts, the epithelium increased gradually in height and reached the adult type at about 12, 15 and 18 weeks, respectively. At about 12 weeks of postnatal life, the epithelium of the initial segment increased rapidly in height, at the same time as a distinct lumen formed in the seminiferous tubules. As far as histological features were concerned, the initial segment showed the adult type when the lambs were about 18 weeks old. The presence of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis indicates that the lambs readied sexual maturity at this age. It was concluded that the postnatal differentiation of the ram epididymis starts in the terminal segment and then ascends through the middle and initial segments.
Ultrastructural Study of the Basal Plasma Membrane of the Cow's Mammary Alveolar Cell
Authors: Morales Carlos Ramón , Pelozo Carlos 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIt was demonstrated that the basal system of folds of the secretory cells of the cow's mammary alveolus did not cover always the whole base of the cells. It was considered that the basal system of folds would increase markedly the absorption surface the milk's specific components. A schematic model of the architecture of these structures is presented.
Darstellung der Metaphasechromosomen des Schweines (sus scrofa dom.) im Raster‐Elektronenmikroskop2
Authors: Sysa Pawel S. , Gráf Linda 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe appearance of metaphase chromosomes of the pig in the scanning electronmicroscopeTwo karyotypes of the pig were examined, one using light‐microscopy after G‐band treatment and the other using scanning electronmicroscopy after BrdU treatment. In both cases the structures of the surface of the chromatids were identical.
Development of the Equine Venous Sinuses of the Dura Mater
Authors: Vitums Arturs 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe equine dorsal sinus system of the dura mater develops from the dural venous plexuses. In early development, venous blood from these plexuses is drained into the primary head vein, which together with the stem of the caudal dural plexus joins the primitive internal jugular vein. After involution of the primary head vein new channels, the transverse and sigmoid sinuses, develop which empty into the internal jugular vein. The temporal sinus develops secondarily and coexists with the sigmoid sinus. After regression of the sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein, the temporal sinus represents the sole channel in the equine fetuses, by which venous blood from the brain is drained through the emissary vein of the retroarticular foramen into the external jugular system.
Angioarchitecture of the Arteries of the Testis of Goat (Capra aegagrus)
Authors: Dhingra L. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe arterioarchitecture of the goat testis was investigated by angiography and by dissection of the injected specimens. Salient features of branching and course of the testicular artery, both outside and inside the testicular parenchyma, has been discussed in relation to vascular adaptations.
“Nuage” in the Primordial Germ Cells of the Chick Embryo
Authors: Peris S. Climent , Götzens V. J. , Dominguez L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe primordial germ cells (PGC) of the chick embryo in stage 4 of Hamburger/Hamilton (1951) have cytoplasmic formations similar in shape, texture, aggregation and relations with other cell components to the germinal plasm and “nuage” described in other species. The observation of this material in the earliest period of differentiation of PGC suggest that this substance plays an essential role in the determination of the germinal line in birds. The observation of “nuage” material in the PGC of the chick embryo adds evidence for this formation in germ cells.
Estudio anatómico y estructural del bulbo ocular del ratonero común (Buteo buteo buteo)
Authors: Roldán R. Martín , Layunta M. J. Blánquez 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Bulbus oculi of 25 buzzards of both sexes and of nearly the same age and weight, was examined with regard to its gross anatomy, strucutre, ultrastructure and size. The volume of the eyeball is of 9.5 cm3. In the Anulus sclerae there are about a dozen of cartilagineous plates, and in the Corpus ciliare there can be found between 112 and 115 Processus ciliares. The muscle of Müller was not observed. Morphological details of the Pecten are given and its functional significance is discussed.
Der Papillarkörper der Vormagenschleimhaut bei Schaf und Ziege
Authors: Weyrauch K. D. , Schnorr B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the stereoscopic structure of the papillary body of the proventricular mucous membrane in the sheep and the goat. This papillary body hitherto has only been known from histological sections. — Tissue specimen were taken from freshly killed animals and put into 0.3% acetic acid, in order to let the epithelium peal off. The investigation was carried out with the scanning electronmicroscope. At places where the mucous membrane has a smooth surface, the papillary body consists of slender papillae and in the other proventricular portions it consists of cone‐, crest‐ or comblike propria elevations.
Electron Microscopic Examination of the Developing Bovine Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Authors: Canfield P. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObservations on the development of the bovine glomerular filtration barrier, with particular emphasis on the roles of the podocytes and endothelial cells, are presented. For this purpose, tissue from metanephroi of embryos and foetus and from kidneys of adult cows were examined with the transmission electron microscope. It was concluded that the endothelium and podocytes were dependent on one another for differentiation, and that once differentiated, they both contributed to basement membrane production.
Das Gebiß des Hausesels (Equus asinus asinus L.) Morphologisdie und röntgcnologische Untersudiungen
Authors: Bünger Von I. , Hertsch B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn three donkeys the postnatal development of the teeth was studied at close intervals up to two years of age in one case and up to 5½ years in the other two cases. The findings were checked against the teeth in fÜrther 27 donkeys of known ages and two donkeys of estimated ages. The incisors were studied primarily by inspection and palpation, but also radiographically; whilst the cheekteeth were examined mainly radiographically.The teeth of the donkey are narrower than those of the horse, and their replacement occurs about 3 months later than in the horse.
Histology and Mucosubstance Histochemistry of the Parotid Gland in Suckling, Prepuberal and Puberal Zebus (Bos indicus)
Authors: Vignoli V. V. , Nogueira J. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHistologic and morphometric alterations in the parotid salivary gland of 14 male Gyr Zebu were carried out coupled with a histochemical study of the mucosubstance of this gland. Animals ranging in age from 1–2 months to 17–21 months were utilized. The gland was found to represent a compound tubular gland which is entirely serous in older animals, but with mucous endpieces in younger animals. The morphologic and morphometric data indicate that this gland reaches anatomic maturity at about 13 months of age, an age which correlates with the onset of spermatogenesis in this species. The histochemical nature of secretions is discussed for various components of the gland.
La timectomía y su influencia en los organos endocrinos derivados de las ultimas bolsas faríngeas
Authors: Losada J. , Gil‐Zuricalday C. , Lor F. , Alcaraz E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study of the influence of thymectomy on the development of endocrine gland derivates from pharyngeal primordia was carried out in Wistar, white rats. It was demonstrated that thymectomy of 100–120 gram rats resulted in enhanced development of the thyroid, parathyroid and ultimobranchial.
Histological and Histochemical Studies on the Pyloric Mucosa of the Camel's Stomach (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Dougbag A. S. A. M. , Berg R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA histologic and histochemical study of the pyloric mucosa was carried out in six one‐humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) of 2.5 to 10 years of age. The epithelial and glandular organization was described and the secretory cells characterized by the properties of their mucosubstance.
On the Ultrastructure of Seven Day Old Normal (Blastocysts) and Abnormal Bovine Embryos
Authors: Linares T. , Plöen L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwenty‐four 7 day old bovine embryos were collected from spontaneously ovulating heifers. The embryos were classified into three groups; normal, morphologically deviating or degenerated. Electron microscopy was used to ascertain the ultrastructural correlates to the phase contrast microscope classification. This study sustains the conclusion that only those embryos classified as normal blastocysts are likely to undergo further development.
The Conduction System in Cattle Hearts with Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: van Nie C. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn anatomical study of abattoir acquired bovine hearts with ventricular septal defects was carried out. Hearts were fixed and stored in 4% formalin solution with heart dissection used for gross anatomical location of the conduction system of the ventricles. The distribution of the conduction system in a number of selected ventricular septal defects is described and compared with the normal.
Nachweis verschiedener Hydroxysteroid‐Dehydrogenasen in Circumanaldrüsen adulter Hunde
Authors: Schiffmann‐Wyttenbach Von Eva , Mosimann W. , König M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLigh‐, electronmicroscopical and histochemical examinations of the circumanal glands of adult dogs suggest that these glands take part in steroid metabolism. The glands have no excretory ducts.
The Microanatomy of the Coyote's (Canis latrans) Respiratory System
Authors: Morrison E. E. , Leipold H. W. , Kruckenberg S. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA Light, scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the coyote respiratory system was carried out, utilizing ten coyotes of both sexes. The animals ranges in age from 8 to 24 months and were in good health. Comparison of the respiratory tissues of the coyote with other Canid species are made.
Equine Limb Anatomy: Peroneus Tertius Muscle Relationships
Authors: Lohse Carleton L. , Trout Donald R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe peroneus tertius muscle is described, and its relationships to other muscles and tendons of the reciprocal mechanism are illustrated: A Manica musculiperonei (fibularis) tertii is an elliptical opening or sleeve formed by the peroneus tertius tendon around the tendon of the tibialis cranialis muscle. The functional significance of these structure is that they efficiently flex the equine hock.
Anatomic Study of the Veins and the Arteries of the Penis of the Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Gilanpour H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA neoprene latex and gelatin injection corrosion study of the arteries and veins of the camel penis was conducted utilizing three intact male camels and ten excised penises. The gross anatomic distribution of arteries and veins supplying the penis is described and compared with that of other ruminants and with the horse.
Growth Gradients in the Skeleton of Cattle, Sheep and Pigs
Authors: Davies A. S. , Tan G. Y. , Broad T. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study of growth gradients of the limbs and axial skeleton was carried out in cattle, sheep and pigs, with the aid of gross anatomical dissection. The comparative study is discussed relative to each individual species and to interspecies differences.
Location of Autonomic Cell Bodies Projecting to the Extrathoracic Smooth Muscle of the Canine Trachea
Authors: Bratton G. R. , Hudson LolaC. , Walker T. L. , Tatum M. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study of the origin of the sympathetic postganglionic axons innervating the trachealis muscle of the dog was carried out using horseradish peroxidase as a retrograde neuronal marker. It was demonstrated that this technique is not fruitful in adult dogs, but in 12 puppies demonstrated that these neurons arise from the cervicothoracic, middle cervical and cranial cervical ganglia. Contributions of nucleus ambiguus, nucleus of the vagus nerve and the distal ganglion of the vagus nerve to innervation of the trachealis muscle were also demonstrated.
Entwicklungsbedingte Veränderungen von Struktur und Funktion des Pansenepithels*
Authors: Von Liebich H. G. , Scharrer E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe postnatal development of the epithelium of the ruminal papillae was described in lambs during their first few weeks of life. Papillae from the ventral sac were collected from 4 one‐week‐old lambs and from 4 one‐month‐old lambs. The stages of epithelial differentiation, which were developmental, were discussed in relation to their transepithelial metabolic exchange.
Zur Frage der Umdifferenzierung der Knorpelzellen der Gelenkoberfläche am Beispiel der Synovialgrubenbildung*
Authors: Von Loeffler K. , Bidier I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt was shown both light and electronmicroscopically on cartilage of elbow and hock joints of calves and pigs that during formation of synovial fossae, fibrocytes and covering cells of the synovial layer can arise from chondrocytes.
Histology, Carbohydrate and Protein Histochemistry of the Mandibular Gland in Suckling, Prepuberal and Puberal Zebus (Bos indicus)
Authors: Nogueira J. C. , Vignoli V. V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHistological, histometric and histochemical studies of the mandibular salivary glands of suckling, prepuberal and puberal zebu were carried out using 14 male animals. The developmental growth of this gland is characterized and correlated with histochemical development. These findings were correlated with other similar studies of Bovidae.
Teleonomie und Teleologie in der Phylogenese
Authors: Von Preuss F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIf one connects teleonomy and teleology with growth, then self‐sustaining growth is teleonomie and maturing growth is teleologie. Teleonomie growth happens throughout the lifetime as a direct consequence of active metabolism. Teleologie growth ends with propagation maturity which would not happen without metabolism, but is an indirect activity of the cells. This until now neglected differentiation leads to new conclusions about the beginning of life.
Dimensiones del velo omental del perro y su relación con el peso y la longitud corporal
Authors: Martin E. , Prevotel M. , Poey V. , del Rivera M. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe size of the borders of the omental veil as well as its relation to body length and weight, were studied in 71 mongrel dogs.The average size of the omental veil in adult dogs was: caudal margin 17cm, cranial margin 16 cm, right margin 10 cm and left margin 7 cm.A very significant relation (P < 0.001) was found between the dimensions of each border and the body length and weight.
Estructura del estroma conjuntivo del epidídimo del bovino cebú (Bos indicus)
Authors: Orsi A. M. , Vicentini C. A. , Valente M. M. , de Oliveira J. A. , Moreira J. E. , de Melo V. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSix adult Zébu cattle were used for a study of the histologic structure of the epididymus. Tissues were fixed in neutral formalin or in Bouin's solution. Tissues were prepared with parafin sectioning and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson and Mallory's trichrome stain and with aldehyde fuchsin and Gomori's argentamine stains. The structure of the connective tissue stroma is described and compared with that of other mammals. The presence of smooth muscle within the stroma and within the tunica albuginea is described for the Zébu.
Characterization of the Blood Cells of Australian Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus [SCHNEIDER] AND C. johnstoni [KREFFT])
Authors: Canfield P. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCirculating blood of eight crocodiles (four Crocodylus porosus [SCHNEIDER], four Crocodylus johnstoni [KREFFT]) was examined by light microscopy, cytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The results were correlated and on that basis erythrocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and three main types of granulocytes were characterized. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes were similar in appearance to those described for other reptiles. In addition, lymphocytes and monocytes had ultrastructural details similar to those described for the cells in man. The three main granulocytes were designated types I, II and III. Type III had characteristics which were similar to those described for the basophil. Types I and II were eosinophilic on blood films stained with Giemsa. On ultrastructural detail, and by comparison with ultrastructural reports for the granulocytes of the fowl and lizard (Agamia stellio), type I appeared to be similar to the heterophil but type II could not be characterized definitely. However, the crystalline array present in granules of type II has been recorded for eosinophil granules in man.
Niveles de diferenciación estructural alcanzados por las células prospectivas cardiacas cultivadas in vitro
Authors: Arias Por M. , Garcia C. , Villar J. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study of the ultrastructural characteristics of developing cardiac muscle cells from in vitro culture was carried out with die aid of tissues taken from the cardiogenic areas of 5 H. H. stage chick embryos. The characteristics of the developing cells were quite comparable to those developed in situ.
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Alveolarepithel der Rattenlunge unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Fixationswege
Authors: Kaup Von. F.‐J. , Drommer W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThirty specific pathogen‐free Han‐Wistar rats were fixed in two ways in preparation for electron microscopical studies of their lung tissue. (1) Perfusion through the vascular system, and (2) fixation via the air passages. Vascular perfusion gave better results for transmission electron microscopical studies, while fixation via the air passages was superior for scanning work.
Anatomical and Radiological Studies of the Iliopubic Cartilage in Adult Greyhounds
Authors: McCarthy P. H. , Wood A. K. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe iliopubic cartilages of 70 greyhounds (30 males and 40 females) were studied in animals ranging in age from 18 months to 4 years. A combination of anatomic dissection and radiographie techniques was used to characterize the incidence of ossification or mineralization. An increase incidence of radiodense areas was demonstrated in female animals, but it was not statistically significant. The probable functional role of the iliopubic cartilage is discussed.
Sacroiliac Joint of the Horse 3. Histological appearance
Authors: Ekman S. , Dalin G. , Olsson S.‐E. , Jeffcott L. B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo establish a baseline for the histological appearance of the sacroiliac joint of the horse, joint specimens were collected from 41 horses from late fetal life to the age of 14 years. Sagittal sections from the joints were radiographed and sectioned for histological examination.There was a striking difference in structure between the sacral and iliac articular cartilages, the former being hyaline and the latter predominantly fibrous. Degenerative changes were seen even in young horses and were more markec on the iliac side. The degeneration of the articular cartilage showed a progressive, age‐related pattern.
Recherche Tomodensitométrique sur la Topographie Stéréotaxique des Espaces Méningés de la Vache (Bos taurus L.)
Authors: Lignereux Y. , Fargeas J. , Marty M.‐H. , Bénard P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTomodensitometric examinations of the stereotaxic anatomy of the bovine intrameningeal spacesThe head of a Holstein cow was selected from seven available ones in order to produce a series of tomodensitometric transverse and sagittal sections according to Horsley‐Clarke. These sections make it possible to show the stereotaxic topography of the intrameningeal spaces (Sinus epidurales and Cisternae arachnoideales) in Bos taurus.The discussion includes suggestions for new terms for three of the spaces—Sinus condylaris, Cisterna cerebrocerebellaris and Cisterna basilaris.