bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of CYP2C19 Genetic Polymorphisms on the Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitor‐Based Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhao Fujun , Wang Jing , Yang Yanmei , Wang Xiaoyong , Shi Ruihua , Xu Zekuan , Huang Zuhu , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjective: CYP2C19 polymorphisms have been inconsistently reported to associate with the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐based triple therapies for eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to determine whether CYP2C19 polymorphism affect H. pylori eradication rates obtained with first‐line PPI‐based triple therapies.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted up to July 2007 using Medline, PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ISI Web of Science, CNKI (Chinese), and Wanfang (Chinese) digital database. MeSH terms and keywords included proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, or esomeprazole, cytochromeP4502C19 or CYP2C19, and Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria, and were included in the meta‐analysis by using Review Manager 4.2.8.Results: Eradication rates were significantly different between poor metabolizers (PM) and heterozygous extensive metabolizers (HetEM) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, p = .002) and between PM and homozygous extensive metabolizers (HomEM) (OR = 2.79, p < .0001). Moreover, eradication rates were also significant difference between HetEM and HomEM (OR = 2.00, p < .0001). Triple omeprazole and lansoprazole therapies achieved higher H. pylori eradication rates in PM than in HomEM (OR = 4.28, p = .0005 for omeprazole and OR = 3.06, p = .001 for lansoprazole), and higher in HetEM than those in HomEM (OR = 3.22, p < .0001 for omeprazole and OR = 1.95, p = .040 for lansoprazole). Rabeprazole therapies had no significant effect on H. pylori eradication rates (between PM and HomEM, OR = 1.35, p = .610 and between HetEM and HomEM, OR = 1.57, p = .190). No significant difference in H. pylori eradication rates between PM and HetEM was observed in the three individual PPI therapies.Conclusion: The efficacy of omeprazole‐ and lansoprazole‐based first‐line triple therapies at the standard doses is dependent on CYP2C19 genotype status, which appears not to affect the efficacy of the regimens including rabeprazole.
Muc1 Limits Helicobacter felis Binding to Gastric Epithelial Cells But Does not Limit Colonization and Gastric Pathology Following Infection
Authors: Every Alison L. , Chionh Yok‐Teng , Skene Caroline D. , McGuckin Michael A. , Sutton Philip 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:  The mucin Muc1 is constitutively expressed by the gastric mucosa and is likely the first point of direct contact between the host stomach and the adherent pathogens. The expression of Muc1 has been shown to limit colonization of mice by Helicobacter pylori, known to adhere to the gastric epithelium, as well as associated pathology. However, the potential role of this mucin against nonadherent Helicobacter has not been previously studied. We therefore examined the importance of Muc1 on the pathogenesis of Helicobacter felis, believed not to adhere to the murine mucosa.Methods and results:  Using primary cell cultures, we found that H. felis can bind gastric epithelial cells in vitro, and adherence to epithelial cells deficient in Muc1 was increased compared to controls that expressed the mucin. However, following infection of deficient mice, we found that Muc1 did not impact on H. felis colonization or pathogenesis in vivo, in contrast to previous observations with H. pylori.Conclusions:  This demonstrates a variable effect of Muc1 on protection against closely related adherent and nonadherent Helicobacter species, and supports a key role for Muc1 in limiting attachment of adherent bacteria to the gastric mucosal surface.
Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy May Facilitate Gastric Ulcer Healing After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Cheon Jae Hee , Kim Jie‐Hyun , Lee Sang Kil , Kim Tae Il , Kim Won Ho , Lee Yong Chan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  It remains unclear whether Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy affects the healing rate of iatrogenic ulcers following endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for gastric tumors. The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on gastric ulcer healing after EMR.Methods:  After EMR, patients were randomly assigned to either the H. pylori eradication group (Hp group) (lansoprazole 30 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg, twice a day for 7 days) or the noneradication group (proton pump inhibitor, PPI group) (lansoprazole 30 mg, twice a day for 7 days). Four weeks after EMR, the ulcer stages and size were compared between the two groups. Moreover, ulcer‐related symptoms, bleeding rates, adverse effects, and drug compliance were compared.Results:  A total of 64 patients were enrolled. Of these, 17 patients were excluded from the study. The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline clinicopathologic characteristics. Four weeks after EMR, the two groups did not differ with respect to ulcer stage (p = .475) or ulcer‐related symptoms (p = .399). However, the ulcer reduction ratio was significantly higher in the Hp group (0.028 ± 0.024 vs. 0.065 ± 0.055, p < .05). No differences were observed between the two groups with regard to drug compliance, adverse drug event rates, or bleeding rates.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that H. pylori eradication therapy might improve the ulcer healing rate after EMR.
Directors' Ownership in the U.S. Mutual Fund Industry
Authors: CHEN QI , GOLDSTEIN ITAY , JIANG WEI 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper empirically investigates directors' ownership in the mutual fund industry. Our results show that, contrary to anecdotal evidence, a significant portion of directors hold shares in the funds they oversee. Ownership patterns are broadly consistent with an optimal contracting equilibrium. That is, ownership is positively and significantly correlated with most variables that are predicted to indicate greater value from directors' monitoring. For example, directors' ownership is more prevalent in actively managed funds and in funds with lower institutional ownership. We also show considerable heterogeneity in ownership across fund families, suggesting family‐wide policies play an important role.
Overconfidence, CEO Selection, and Corporate Governance
Authors: GOEL ANAND M. , THAKOR ANJAN V. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTWe develop a model that shows that an overconfident manager, who sometimes makes value‐destroying investments, has a higher likelihood than a rational manager of being deliberately promoted to CEO under value‐maximizing corporate governance. Moreover, a risk‐averse CEO's overconfidence enhances firm value up to a point, but the effect is nonmonotonic and differs from that of lower risk aversion. Overconfident CEOs also underinvest in information production. The board fires both excessively diffident and excessively overconfident CEOs. Finally, Sarbanes‐Oxley is predicted to improve the precision of information provided to investors, but to reduce project investment.
How and When Do Firms Adjust Their Capital Structures toward Targets?
Authors: BYOUN SOKU 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTIf firms adjust their capital structures toward targets, and if there are adverse selection costs associated with asymmetric information, how and when do firms adjust their capital structures? We suggest a financing needs‐induced adjustment framework to examine the dynamic process by which firms adjust their capital structures. We find that most adjustments occur when firms have above‐target (below‐target) debt with a financial surplus (deficit). These results suggest that firms move toward the target capital structure when they face a financial deficit/surplus—but not in the manner hypothesized by the traditional pecking order theory.
Clinical Results of Far‐Field R‐Wave Reduction with a Short Tip‐Ring Electrode
Authors: DE GROOT JORIS R. , SCHROEDER‐TANKA JUTTA M. , VISSER JAAP , WILLEMS ALBERT R. , DE VOOGT WILLEM G. 
Published: November 2008

Background: Far‐field R‐wave (FFRW) sensing of the atrial lead of AAI or DDD pacemakers causes incorrect mode switches and remains a problem in patients with atrial arrhythmias in whom low voltage sensing is essential. We studied a pacing electrode with a short tip‐ring distance (1.1 mm). We compared our findings with recordings from a conventional electrode with a larger tip‐ring distance (10 mm).
Methods: Thirty‐six consecutive patients with an indication for DDD pacing were implanted with the short tip‐ring electrode. Another 23 patients received the conventional electrode. FFRW and P‐wave amplitudes during pacing and intrinsic ventricular depolarization were measured at implantation. Measurements were repeated before hospital discharge and at follow‐up between 10 and 14 days after implantation.
Results: P‐wave amplitude was slightly smaller in the short tip‐ring group (2.71 ± 1.04 vs 3.17 ± 1.30 mV in the conventional group, respectively, P = NS). All P‐waves exceeded 1.2 mV. FFRW during pacing was 0.07 ± 0.05 in the short tip‐ring group and 0.54 ± 0.32 mV in the conventional group (P < 0.001). FFRW during intrinsic rhythm was 0.08 ± 0.04 and 0.55 ± 0.31 mV, respectively (P < 0.001). The ratio between P‐wave and FFRW was 48.6 ± 27.2 in the short tip‐ring group and 7.3 ± 4.4 in the conventional group (P < 0.001). FFRW and P‐wave amplitudes did not change at hospital discharge or during follow‐up.
Conclusion: FFRW can be suppressed without compromising P‐wave sensing by using a pacing electrode with a short tip‐ring distance. Whether reduced FFRW amplitude results in clinical endpoints remains to be determined.
Hemodynamic Parameters and Heart Rate Variability during a Tilt Test in Relation to Gene Polymorphism of Renin‐Angiotensin and Serotonin System
Authors: MITRO PETER , MUDRÁKOVÁ KLAUDIA , MIČKOVÁ HELENA , DUDÁŠ JÁN , KIRSCH PETER , VALOČIK GABRIEL 
Published: November 2008

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the renin‐angiotensin system and serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in relation to hemodynamic parameters and heart rate variability during a head‐up tilt test (HUT) in patients with vasovagal syncope.
Methods: DNA was collected from 191 patients (mean age 44 ± 18 years, 61 men, 130 women). The following gene polymorphisms were determined in genomic DNA: angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism (I/D ACE), angiotensinogen gene polymorphism (M 235), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (ATR1) polymorphism (A 11666C), and polymorphism of serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR).
Heart rate variability during HUT was assessed in 5‐minute intervals by low frequency, high frequency, standard deviation of the normal‐to‐normal (SDNN), and root mean square successive difference parameters.
Results: AA genotype of A 1166C polymorphism was associated with lower minimal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during HUT compared with other genotypes (minimal SBP: AA 59.6 ± 21,8, AC 79.9 ± 22.7, CC 65.4 ± 22.7 mmHg, P = 0.007), (minimal DBP: AA 36.4 ± 22.7, AC 52.3 ± 22.9, CC 45.4 ± 19.5 mmHg, P = 0.007).
AA genotype was also associated with higher SDNN compared to other genotypes in the early phase of HUT (SDNN in 5 minutes of tilt: AA 59.7 ± 24.6, AC 50.6 ± 20.6, CC 46.0 ± 13.2, P = 0.01) and at syncope occurrence (SDNN: AA 71.0 ± 20.9, AC 58.2 ± 17.9, CC 58 ± 10, P = 0.04)
Conclusion: AA genotype of A 1166C polymorphism in the ATR1 gene may be associated with hypotension and decline in sympathetic tone during HUT. Its role in genetic predisposition to vasovagal syncope cannot be excluded.
Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Vein Reconnection after Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Prospective Characterization of Anatomical Sites
Authors: RAJAPPAN KIM , KISTLER PETER M. , EARLEY MARK J. , THOMAS GLYN , IZQUIERDO MAITE , SPORTON SIMON C. , SCHILLING RICHARD J. 
Published: November 2008

Background:

Arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is often associated with pulmonary vein reconnection (PVR). We prospectively examined anatomical sites of both acute and chronic PVR.
Methods:

One hundred and fifty AF patients underwent PV wide encirclement and sites where immediate electrical isolation (EI) occurred were tagged using electroanatomic mapping/CT integration (Cartomerge™, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA). After 30 minutes PVs were checked and acute PVR sites marked at reisolation. Chronic PVR sites were marked at the time of repeat procedures.
Results:

On the left, immediate EI sites were predominantly on the intervenous ridge (IVR) and PV‐left atrial appendage (PV‐LAA) ridge. On the right they were at the roof, IVR, and floor of the PVs. Ninety‐eight of one hundred and fifty patients had PVs checked after >30 minutes. Thirty‐two of ninety‐eight had acute PVR. This was mostly on the IVR and PV‐LAA ridge on the left (88%), and on the roof and IVR on the right (78%). At repeat procedure, 38/39 patients had chronic PVR, predominantly on the IVR (61%) and PV‐LAA ridge (21%) on the left, and on the roof, IVR, and floor of the right PVs (79%). There was minimal acute or chronic PVR posteriorly. Acutely PVR occurred close to the immediate EI site 60% of the time, but only 30% of the time chronically.
Conclusion:

Acute and chronic PVR sites have a preferential distribution. This may be determined by anatomical and technical factors. Knowledge of immediate EI sites may be beneficial acutely, but with chronic PVR a careful survey is required. These findings may help target ablation, improving safety and success.
Pacing‐Induced Electromechanical Ventricular Dyssynchrony Does Not Acutely Influence Right Ventricular Function and Global Hemodynamics in Children with Normal Hearts
Authors: FRIEDBERG MARK K. , DUBIN ANNE M. , VAN HARE GEORGE F. , McDANIEL GEORGE M. , NIKSCH ALISA , ROSENTHAL DAVID N. 
Published: November 2008

Background:
Right ventricular (RV) pacing may be detrimental to ventricular function. However, the acute effects of electromechanical dyssynchrony on RV function are not well characterized in children. We studied acute effects of electromechanical dyssynchrony, induced by RV apical and RV outflow pacing, in children with normal hearts, evaluating electromechanical synchrony, hemodynamic response, and RV function.
Methods:
Seventeen children (mean ± SD, 12 ± 4 years) with normal cardiac structure/function were paced after accessory pathway ablation, at baseline (AOO), and with AV pacing (DOO) from the RV apex and RV outflow. QRS duration was determined from surface ECG. Intra‐ and interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and regional ventricular function were determined using tissue Doppler imaging. Global RV systolic and diastolic functions were assessed by RV dP/dTmax and RV dP/dTneg using pressure‐tipped transducers. Regional RV function was assessed by tissue Doppler imaging. Cardiac index (CI) and blood pressures were measured.
Results:
RV apical and outflow pacing induced significant electromechanical dyssynchrony manifested by lengthening of the QRS duration, increased LV intraventricular delay (49 ± 34 ms, 53 ± 43 ms, respectively, P < 0.001), and increased interventricular delay (60 ± 29 ms, 55 ± 37 ms, P < 0.0001) versus AOO pacing. However, there was no change in blood pressure, CI, RV dp/dTmax, RV dP/dTneg, or regional tissue Doppler velocities, indicating preserved hemodynamics and preserved global and regional RV systolic and diastolic function.
Conclusions:
In children with normal cardiac function and structure, pacing‐induced electromechanical dyssynchrony did not acutely affect RV systolic and diastolic function and did not acutely alter global hemodynamics. Therefore, electromechanical dyssynchrony may only be an important therapeutic target in the setting of decreased RV function.
Noninvasive Mapping of Human Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: GUILLEM MARIA S. , CLIMENT ANDREU M. , CASTELLS FRANCISCO , HUSSER DANIELA , MILLET JOSE , ARYA ARASH , PIORKOWSKI CHRISTOPHER , BOLLMANN ANDREAS 
Published: November 2008

Introduction:
Invasive high‐density mapping of atrial fibrillation (AF) has revealed different patterns of atrial activation ranging from single wavefronts to disorganized activation with multiple simultaneous wavefronts. Whether or not similar activation patterns can also be observed using body surface recordings is currently unknown, and was consequently evaluated in this study.
Methods and Results:
Surface electrocardiographic mapping was performed in 14 patients (age 68 ± 14 years) with persistent AF (AF duration 12 ± 18 months). A total of 56 electrocardiographic leads were placed on the chest over the atria on the front (n = 40) and on the back (n = 16). Using 240‐second recordings, wavefront propagation maps were automatically computed and visually classified as either type I (single wavefront), II (single wavefront with wave breakages and splitting), or III (multiple simultaneous wavefronts). Almost half of the patients (n = 6) presented most predominantly type III atrial activation, while six patients mostly presented type I activation. The rest of the patients (n = 2) presented mixed type I and type III activations. This classification showed to be highly reproducible over 4 minutes.
Conclusions:
Using electrocardiographic body surface mapping during AF, interindividual differences of atrial fibrillatory activation can be observed. The surface activation pattern during AF shows an excellent short‐term reproducibility.
Large‐Scale Mechanized Soybean Farmers in Amazônia: New Ways of Experiencing Land
Authors: Adams Ryan Thomas 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe arrival of mechanized agriculture in the Amazon heralds a new landscape and a novel set of experiences related to the landscape. The social implications of this change are profound. The colonist and Caboclo small‐scale farmers who are being replaced by the expansion of mechanized agriculture had a particular set of relationships with the land, relationships that differ from those found on large‐scale mechanized farms. For mechanized large‐scale farmers, the creation of an idealized agricultural landscape and the way that land use is planned result in a bifurcated experience of place that reinforces the separation of large‐scale farmers from feedbacks related to the local agricultural and environmental conditions.
Aspects in post‐orthodontic removal of Orthosystem® implants
Authors: Nicolas Grognard , Bart Vande Vannet 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectives: Problems encountered in the removal of a temporary anchorage device, such as the Orthosystems implant, specially designed for orthodontic anchorage purposes after insertion at the palatal side of the maxilla, are presented and discussed.Material and methods: The removal of these osseo‐integrated implants was originally described to be executed by means of bone cutting around the implant with a trephine explanation burr. However, situations can be encountered in which the orthodontic tooth movement resulted in close contact between the implant and neighbouring teeth or the nasal cavity.Results: Trephine burr bone cutting around the implant can thereby lead to damage of the adjacent tooth with subsequent endodontic problems or perforation of the nasal cavity. In these cases, simple untightening by counterclockwise torque or if unsuccessful, removal of the transmucosal part of the fixture allowing creeping mucosal covering of the implant, should be considered. Furthermore, generation of CT‐scan images performed after completion of active orthodontic therapy, with retraction of the upper anterior teeth, seems to be justified and indicated for planning the appropriate removal procedure.Conclusion: Retrospectively, the use of the longer version of the Orthosystems implant (6 mm in length) seems to be obsolete when para‐median locations are chosen. Three cases are presented to illustrate these problems.
Oral implants placed in bone defects treated with Bio‐Oss®, Ostim®‐Paste or PerioGlas: an experimental study in the rabbit tibiae
Authors: Carmagnola Daniela , Abati Silvio , Celestino Silvio , Chiapasco Matteo , Bosshardt Dieter , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectives: To compare the histological features of bone filled with Bio‐Oss®, Ostim‐Paste® or PerioGlas placed in defects in the rabbit tibiae by evaluating bone tissue composition and the integration of titanium implants placed in the grafted bone.Material and methods: Two cylindrical bone defects, about 4 mm in diameter and 6 mm in depth, were created in the tibiae of 10 rabbits. The defects were filled with either Bio‐Oss®, PerioGlas, Ostim®‐Paste or left untreated, and covered with a collagen membrane. Six weeks later, one titanium sandblasted and acid‐etched (SLA) implant was inserted at the centre of each previously created defect. The animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks of healing.Results: Implants placed in bone previously grafted with Bio‐Oss®, PerioGlas or Ostim®‐Paste obtained a larger extent of osseointegration, although not statistically significant, than implants placed in non‐grafted bone. The three grafting materials seemed to perform in a similar way concerning their contribution towards implant osseointegration. All grafting materials appeared to be osteoconductive, thus leading to the formation of bridges of mineralized bone extending from the cortical plate towards the implants surface through the graft scaffold.Conclusions: Grafting with the above‐mentioned biomaterials did not add any advantage to the osseointegration of titanium SLA implants in a self‐contained defect.
Prospective observation of 41 perforations of the Schneiderian membrane during sinus floor elevation
Authors: Becker Stephan Thomas , Terheyden Hendrik , Steinriede Anja , Behrens Eleonore , Springer Ingo , Wiltfang Jörg 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to follow 41 intraoperative perforations of the Schneiderian membrane during sinus floor elevation and to identify potential differences from patients without perforations.Material and methods: Two hundred and one sinus floor elevations were performed at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of the University Hospital of Schleswig‐Holstein in the years 2005 and 2006. Forty‐one intraoperative perforations (20.4%) were documented and treated according to the following scheme: defects smaller than 5 mm were covered with a collagen membrane. Larger defects were additionally sutured. Particulated jawbone mixed 50 : 50 with bone substitute (25 cases) and a 50 : 50 mix of particulated iliac crest bone and BioOss® (six cases) mainly served as graft material in the perforation group. In 12 cases, implants were installed at the time of sinus grafting, and in 27 cases, a second operation was performed.Results: Four sinus lift procedures had to be discontinued intraoperatively. Over a mean control interval of 162 days, one implant of the 93 inserted had to be replaced in the perforation group. After 1 year, the implant survival rate was 14 out of 14 in the perforation group vs. 81/92 in the control group.Conclusions: With appropriate treatment, intraoperative sinus membrane perforations did not represent an elevated risk for implant loss, infectious complications or displacement of graft material in the investigated population.