bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare resource utilisation and associated costs of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in England
Authors: Adamou Marios , Abner Sophia , Egger Peter , Venerus Alessandra , Lucrezi Gianluca , Mota Mariana , Charlton Jeremy , Unadkat Minesh , Meadowcroft Simon , Eksteen-Ramsden Christine 
Published: April 2024

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is generally widely under-recognised and undertreated in adults. Real world evidence is needed to characterise healthcare resource utilisation and economic burden of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in England. Methods This retrospective cohort study used primary care medical records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink – Aurum) linked to secondary care data (hospital episode statistics). Patients were indexed on their first-ever record of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, made during adulthood, between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2018. Healthcare resource utilisation and associated costs were compared 18-months before and after diagnosis. Results 2236 patients were included; mood disorders and anxiety were recorded in 47.1% and 46.2%, respectively. In 2153 patients with available data for both periods, mean total healthcare resource utilisation cost per patient was £408.6 (95% CI £264.4–£552.8) higher in the post- versus pre-index period (p < 0.001). The mean prescriptions cost per patient doubled (£322.5 versus £614.5) and represented the largest proportional cost increase post-diagnosis compared to other healthcare resource utilisation costs measured. Discussion An attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in adulthood ensures patients receive appropriate treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid anxiety and depression. Total healthcare resource utilisation costs appeared to increase post attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis; however, further studies are required to confirm this. This cost increase should be set in the context of multiple societal benefits likely to accrue from the effective management of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
A tomato NAC transcription factor, SlNAP1, directly regulates gibberellin-dependent fruit ripening
Authors: Li Changxia , Hou Xuemei , Zhao Zongxi , Liu Huwei , Huang Panpan , Shi Meimei , Wu Xuetong , Gao Rong , Liu Zhiya , Wei Lijuan , Li Yihua , Liao Weibiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the ripening of fruit is regulated by the selective expression of ripening-related genes, and this procedure is controlled by transcription factors (TFs). In the various plant-specific TF families, the no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis thaliana activating factor 1/2 (ATAF1/2), and cup-shaped cotyledon 2 (CUC2; NAC) TF family stands out and plays a significant function in plant physiological activities, such as fruit ripening (FR). Despite the numerous genes of NAC found in the tomato genome, limited information is available on the effects of NAC members on FR, and there is also a lack of studies on their target genes. In this research, we focus on SlNAP1, which is a NAC TF that positively influences the FR of tomato. By employing CRISPR/Cas9 technology, compared with the wild type (WT), we generated slnap1 mutants and observed a delay in the ethylene production and color change of fruits. We employed the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assays to confirm that SlNAP1 directly binds to the promoters of two crucial genes involved in gibberellin (GA) degradation, namely SlGA2ox1 and SlGA2ox5, thus activating their expression. Furthermore, through a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) and luciferase (LUC) assays, we established an interaction between SlNAP1 and SlGID1. Hence, our findings suggest that SlNAP1 regulates FR positively by activating the GA degradation genes directly. Additionally, the interaction between SlNAP1 and SlGID1 may play a role in SlNAP1-induced FR. Overall, our study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms through which NAC TFs regulate tomato FR via the GA pathway.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Rice Diversity Panel Reveals New QTLs for Tolerance to Water Deficit Under the Egyptian Conditions
Authors: Ghazy Mohamed I. , EL-Naem Sabry A. , Hefeina Ahmed G. , Sallam Ahmed , Eltaher Shamseldeen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrought has a significant impact on rice yield by restricting the crop's ability to grow and develop. Producing rice cultivars adapted to water deficit conditions is still the main interest of rice breeders and geneticists. To address this challenge, a set of 413 highly diverse rice populations were evaluated under normal and water deficit conditions for two growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. High genetic variation was found among genotypes for all studied traits. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.82 (panicle length) to 0.95 (plant height). Sterility percentage (SET%) was the most trait affected by water deficit in two growing seasons. 22 Rice genotypes were classified as drought tolerant in both years. Genome-wide association mapping was performed for all traits in the two growing seasons under both conditions using a total of 700,000 SNPs. The GWAS results revealed important and major SNPs associated with all traits. 26 Significant SNPs with stable allele effects were found to be associated with yield traits under water deficit conditions in both years. The results of this study provided rice genotypes that can be adapted under water deficit conditions and important stable SNP markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection after validation in different genetic backgrounds.
Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression of C2H2 zinc finger gene family in Opisthopappus species under salt stress
Authors: Zhou Xiaojuan , Gao Ting , Zhang Yimeng , Han Mian , Shen Yuexin , Su Yu , Feng Xiaolong , Wu Qi , Sun Genlou , Wang Yiling 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The C2H2 zinc finger protein family plays important roles in plants. However, precisely how C2H2s function in Opisthopappus (Opisthopappus taihangensis and Opisthopappus longilobus) remains unclear.

Results
In this study, a total of 69 OpC2H2 zinc finger protein genes were identified and clustered into five Groups. Seven tandem and ten fragment repeats were found in OpC2H2s, which underwent robust purifying selection. Of the identified motifs, motif 1 was present in all OpC2H2s and conserved at important binding sites. Most OpC2H2s possessed few introns and exons that could rapidly activate and react when faced with stress. The OpC2H2 promoter sequences mainly contained diverse regulatory elements, such as ARE, ABRE, and LTR. Under salt stress, two up-regulated OpC2H2s (OpC2H2-1 and OpC2H2-14) genes and one down-regulated OpC2H2 gene (OpC2H2-7) might serve as key transcription factors through the ABA and JA signaling pathways to regulate the growth and development of Opisthopappus species.

Conclusion
The above results not only help to understand the function of C2H2 gene family but also drive progress in genetic improvement for the salt tolerance of Opisthopappus species.
Genome-wide characterization of DNA methyltransferase family genes implies GhDMT6 improving tolerance of salt and drought on cotton
Authors: Yang Xiaomin , Bai Zhigang , He Yunxin , Wang Ning , Sun Liangqing , Li Yongqi , Yin Zujun , Wang Xiaoge , Zhang Binglei , Han Mingge , Lu Xuke , Chen Xiugui , Wang Delong , Wang Junjuan , Wang Shuai , Guo Lixue , Chen Chao , Feng Keyun , Ye Wuwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mode of genomic DNA modification and plays a vital role in maintaining epigenetic content and regulating gene expression. Cytosine-5 DNA methyltransferase (C5-MTase) are the key enzymes in the process of DNA methylation. However, there is no systematic analysis of the C5-MTase in cotton so far, and the function of DNMT2 genes has not been studied.

Methods
In this study, the whole genome of cotton C5-MTase coding genes was identified and analyzed using a bioinformatics method based on information from the cotton genome, and the function of GhDMT6 was further validated by VIGS experiments and subcellular localization analysis.

Results
33 C5-MTases were identified from three cotton genomes, and were divided into four subfamilies by systematic evolutionary analysis. After the protein domain alignment of C5-MTases in cotton, 6 highly conserved motifs were found in the C-terminus of 33 proteins involved in methylation modification, which indicated that C5-MTases had a basic catalytic methylation function. These proteins were divided into four classes based on the N-terminal difference, of which DNMT2 lacks the N-terminal regulatory domain. The expression of C5-MTases in different parts of cotton was different under different stress treatments, which indicated the functional diversity of cotton C5-MTase gene family. Among the C5-MTases, the GhDMT6 had a obvious up-regulated expression. After silencing GhDMT6 with VIGS, the phenotype of cotton seedlings under different stress treatments showed a significant difference. Compared with cotton seedlings that did not silence GhDMT6, cotton seedlings silencing GhDMT6 showed significant stress resistance.

Conclusion
The results show that C5-MTases plays an important role in cotton stress response, which is beneficial to further explore the function of DNMT2 subfamily genes.
Investigating foliar application of bulk and nanoparticles titanium dioxide on fennel productivity to mitigate the negative effects of saline irrigation water
Authors: Ahmed Aisha M. A. , Khalid Khalid A. , Zaki Faten S. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Fennel essential oils are fragrance compounds used in food and pharmaceutical sectors. One of the major impediments to expansion of fennel farming in Egypt's reclamation areas is saline water. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) or TiO2 nano particles (TiO2NP) can be utilized to boost the yield of aromatic plants cultivated under saline irrigation water. Saline water, particularly which contains sodium chloride can harm fennel plant; consequently, it was predicted that fennel production would fail in Egypt's reclaimed area, where the primary source of irrigation is groundwater consisting sodium chloride. This study sought to help fennel respond to sodium chloride by applying Ti forms to their leaves in order to reduce the detrimental effects of sodium chloride on them for expanding their production in the newly reclamation areas as a natural source of essential oil. Ti forms were applied as foliar application at 0, 0.1, 0.2 TiO2, 0.1 TiO2NP, and 0.2 TiO2NP, mM under irrigation with fresh water (0.4 dS m−1), or saline water (51.3 mM or 4.7 dS m−1).

Results
Plants exposed to 0.1 mM TiO2NP under fresh water resulted in the maximum values of morphological characters, estragole, oxygenated monoterpenes and photosynthetic pigments; while those subjected to 0.1 mM TiO2NP under saline water gave the greatest values of essential oil, proline, antioxidant enzymes and phenols. The greatest amounts of soluble sugars were recorded with 0.2 mM TiO2NP irrigated with saline water. Plants subjected to 0 mM TiO2 under saline water produced the greatest values of flavonoids, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde.

Conclusion
To mitigate the negative effects of salty irrigation water on fennel plant production, TiO2NP application is suggested as a potential strategy.
Biochemical characterization of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and its potential effect on LC-PUFAs biosynthesis in planta
Authors: Klińska-Bąchor Sylwia , Demski Kamil , Gong Yangmin , Banaś Antoni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), belonging to ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-LC-PUFAs), are essential components of human diet. They are mainly supplemented by marine fish consumption, although their native producers are oleaginous microalgae. Currently, increasing demand for fish oils is insufficient to meet the entire global needs, which puts pressure on searching for the alternative solutions. One possibility may be metabolic engineering of plants with an introduced enzymatic pathway producing ω3-LC-PUFAs.

Result
In this study we focused on the acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase2b (PtDGAT2b) from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, an enzyme responsible for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis via acyl-CoA-dependent pathway. Gene encoding PtDGAT2b, incorporated into TAG-deficient yeast strain H1246, was used to confirm its activity and conduct biochemical characterization. PtDGAT2b exhibited a broad acyl-CoA preference with both di-16:0-DAG and di-18:1-DAG, whereas di-18:1-DAG was favored. The highest preference for acyl donors was observed for 16:1-, 10:0- and 12:0-CoA. PtDGAT2b also very efficiently utilized CoA-conjugated ω-3 LC-PUFAs (stearidonic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid and EPA). Additionally, verification of the potential role of PtDGAT2b in planta, through its transient expression in tobacco leaves, indicated increased TAG production with its relative amount increasing to 8%. Its co-expression with the gene combinations aimed at EPA biosynthesis led to, beside elevated TAG accumulation, efficient accumulation of EPA which constituted even 25.1% of synthesized non-native fatty acids (9.2% of all fatty acids in TAG pool).

Conclusions
This set of experiments provides a comprehensive biochemical characterization of DGAT enzyme from marine microalgae. Additionally, this study elucidates that PtDGAT2b can be used successfully in metabolic engineering of plants designed to obtain a boosted TAG level, enriched not only in ω-3 LC-PUFAs but also in medium-chain and ω-7 fatty acids.
Identification and characterization of functionally relevant SSR markers in natural Dalbergia odorifera populations
Authors: Xu Jieru , Wang Yue , Wu Kunlin , Chen Jinhui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Dalbergia odorifera is a rare and precious rosewood specie, which is valued for its amber tones, abstract figural patterns, and impermeability to water and insects. However, the information on genetic diversity and marker-assisted selection breeding of D. odorifera is still limited. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are an ideal tool for genetic diversity analysis and marker-assisted molecular breeding for complex traits.

Results
Here, we have developed SSR markers within candidate genes and used them to explore the genetic diversity among D. odorifera germplasm resources. A total of 635 SSR loci were identified. The proportions of mono-, di- and tri-nucleotide repeat motifs were 52.28%, 22.99% and 21.42%, respectively. From these, a total of 114 SSR primers were synthesized, of which 24 SSR markers displayed polymorphism (polymorphic information content (PIC) > 0.25). Subsequently, these polymorphic markers were used for the genetic diversity analysis of 106 D. odorifera individuals from 11 natural populations. According to the genetic diversity analysis of D. odorifera natural populations, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.500, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.524, and the average Shannon’s information index (I) was 0.946. These indicated that the natural populations had moderate genetic diversity. AMOVA analysis showed that 5% of the total variation was within the individuals of a population, whereas 95% of the variation was among the individuals of the populations, indicating a high degree of genetic variation between populations. On the basis of their genetic structures, these populations could be divided into four groups.

Conclusions
Our study provides important experimental resources for genetic studies and assists in the program of molecular breeding of D. odorifera wood formation.
Attitudes to ageing mediates the relationship between perception of age-friendly city and life satisfaction among middle-aged and older people in Macao: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Che Sok Leng , Lei Wai In , Hung Tan , Leong Sok Man 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Societal attitudes toward ageing play a significant role in shaping one’s ageing experience, and an age-friendly environment can potentially enhance the life satisfaction of older individuals. The objective of this study is to examine the role of attitudes to ageing as mediators in the association between the perception of an age-friendly city and life satisfaction among middle-aged and older adults.

Methods
Using the tools of Age-Friendly City (AFC) criteria, Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ) to measure psychosocial loss, psychological growth, and physical change, and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to assess the level of life satisfaction among community-dwelling middle-aged and older people in Macao. Multiple mediation analysis was performed to test the mediation effect.

Results
A total of 543 participants were included in this study. The average score of AFC was 4.25, the total scores of psychosocial loss, physical change, and psychological growth were 24.06, 29.00, and 26.94 respectively. The total score of SWLS was 24.06. There was a partial mediation of attitudes to ageing in the relationship between perception of age-friendly city and life satisfaction. The mediation effect explained 56.1% of the total effect of AFC to life satisfaction.

Conclusion
The development of an age-friendly city can help improve the public’s view on ageing, and thus improve their life satisfaction. It is important for government to consider the improvement of people’s attitudes to ageing when developing policies regarding AFC.
Informal carers’ experiences in everyday life and the use of digital assistive technology for time management in persons with dementia or mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Baudin K. , Sundström A. , Lindner H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Digital assistive technology (DAT) may support time management in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but research on DAT for time management is limited. We aimed to explore how everyday could be supported by DAT for time management in persons with dementia or MCI from informal carers’ perspectives. This study focused on a DAT device for time management called MEMOplanner (MMP).

Method
Using a mixed-methods design, we utilized the Time-Proxy© questionnaire and a study-specific interview guide to investigate the perspectives of informal carers (n = 8) regarding the use of MMP by individuals with dementia or MCI.

Result
The MMP was helpful in keeping track of time and activity. It helped to maintain an active lifestyle and facilitated communication. However, the MMP did not reduce the need for assistance from the informal carers, and it took time to learn the different functions of the device. Further research into employing a more extensive array of DAT for time management or other areas to assist individuals with dementia will yield valuable insights into enhancing and sustaining a higher quality of life despite cognitive decline.
Expression of STAT3 and hypoxia markers in long-term surviving malignant glioma patients
Authors: Dvorakova Katerina , Skarkova Veronika , Vitovcova Barbora , Soukup Jiri , Vosmikova Hana , Pleskacova Zuzana , Skarka Adam , Bartos Michael Christian , Krupa Petr , Kasparova Petra , Petera Jiri , Rudolf Emil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma is a malignant and aggressive type of central nevous system malignancy characterized by many distinct biological features including extensive hypoxia. Hypoxia in glioblatoma associates with complex signaling patterns including activation of several pathways such as MAPK, PI3K-AKT/mTOR and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 with the master regulator HIF-1, which in turn drive particular tumor behaviors determining, in the end, treatment outcomes and patients fate. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the expression of selected hypoxia related factors including STAT3 in a small set of long-term surviving glioma patients.

Methods
The expression of selected hypoxia related factors including STAT3 was evaluated in a time series of formalin fixed paraffin embedded and cryopreserved glioma samples from repeatedly resected patients. In addition, comparative studies were also conducted on primary glioma cells derived from original patient samples, stabilized glioma cell lines and tumor-xenograft mice model. Obtained data were correlated with clinical findings too.

Results
Glioblastoma samples of the analyzed patients displayed heterogeneity in the expression of hypoxia- related and EMT markers with most interesting trend being observed in pSTAT3. This heterogeneity was subsequently confirmed in other employed models (primocultures derived from glioblastoma tissue resections, cryopreserved tumor specimens, stabilized glioblastoma cell line in vitro and in vivo) and concerned, in particular, STAT3 expression which remained stable. In addition, subsequent studies on the role of STAT3 in the context of glioblastoma hypoxia demonstrated opposing effects of its deletion on cell viability as well as the expression of hypoxia and EMT markers.

Conclusions
Our results suport the importance of STAT3 expression and activity in the context of hypoxia in malignant glioblastoma long-term surviving glioma patients while emphasizing heterogeneity of biological outcomes in varying employed tumor models.
Sociodemographic and environmental characteristics associated with thoughts of death and suicidal ideation in community-dwelling residents of a rural town in Japan: analyses from a perspective of accompanying problems
Authors: Morikawa Kozue , Nomura Kyoko , Onozawa Daisuke , Sasaki Hisanaga , Morikawa Yoshiki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
Suicide prevention has been focused on primary prevention as a group rather than individuals. However, we aimed to identify sociodemographic and environmental characteristics of individuals with suicidal thoughts among rural residents in Japan.

Methods
In 2015, a cross-sectional home visit survey was conducted in a rural town in Akita Prefecture. A total of 1,844 residents aged ≥ 20 years (response rate, 65%) answered a self-administered questionnaire about suicidal thoughts in the past one month. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate sociodemographic and environmental characteristics associated with suicidal thoughts in models with accompanying problems for human relations problems (HRP), health problems (HP), and financial problems (FP), or with no accompanying problems.

Results
In total, 218 (men 9.4%, women 13.8%) had suicidal thoughts with accompanying problems for HRP (n = 104), HP (n = 112), and FP (n = 72). The risk characteristics were Kessler Psychological Distress Scale scores ≥ 9 in models with HRP, HP, and FP or with no accompanying problems; being a woman and current smoking with no accompanying problems; absence of a person for help in a model of FP; and absence of family member for help in a model of HRP or with no accompanying problems. The mitigating factor were being optimistic (a domain of resilience skills identified by factor analysis) in models of HRP, HP, and FP or with no accompanying problems; being aged 70–79 and being aged ≥ 80 in a model of HRP.

Conclusions
Suicidal thoughts among rural residents in Japan were associated with multifactorial sociodemographic and environmental characteristics.