bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of Medium-reactivity Epoxy Infusion Resin System in Large-scale Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Sun Yuanrong , Hu Congli , Xing Weiguang , Liang Xuepeng , Liu Huawei , Qu Yihang , Xie Demei , Li Jianbo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In view of the requirement of cost reduction and efficiency increase for large-scale wind turbine blades, a medium-reactivity epoxy infusion resin system was developed, which contained 20% fast curing agent and 80% slow curing agent. The properties of medium-reactivity epoxy infusion resin system were evaluated via physical and chemical analysis, application process ability analysis, resin clear casting mechanical properties analysis, and laminate specimens mechanical properties analysis. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of this medium-reactivity epoxy infusion resin system can meet the requirements of blade design, and the pre-curing time of the resin was reduced from 3.0h to 2.3h. The application process ability of medium-reactivity epoxy infusion resin system in large-scale wind turbine blade was also verified. The blade parts pre-curing time was shortened by 0.5-1 hour, which meets the target of blade cost reduction and efficiency increase.
(H3O)Li2(IO3)3: crystal structure and IR spectrum
Authors: Sukiasyan R.P. , Danghyan A.A. , Apreyan R.A. , Gharibyan N.S. , Atanesyan A.K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The synthesis, IR spectroscopy, thermal and UV-Vis transmittance of the new lithium iodate crystal: (H3O)Li2(IO3)3, were studied. The crystal structure of (H3O)+·2(Li)+· 3(IO3)- was determined by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis at 100(2) K. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system (P21/n) with the parameters: a = 8.3266(12) Å, b = 10.9893(17) Å, c = 11.2472(17) Å, α = γ = 90°, β = 111.360(4)° and Z(Z') = 4(1). The structure contains a hydronium cation (H3O)+, three crystallographic independent trigonal pyramidal IO3 anions, and two independent cations (Li)+ coordinated each by four oxygen atoms 3(IO3)- at the apices of strongly deformed tetrahedrons. The research results have revealed the mechanisms of crystal formation and the characteristic absorption bands of functional groups, which are of scientific importance. The possibility of the existence of certain properties is also discussed.
Ultra-fast generation of air shower images for Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Elflein Christian , Funk Stefan , Glombitza Jonas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
For the analysis of data taken by Imaging Air Cherenkov
Telescopes (IACTs), a large number of air shower simulations are
needed to derive the instrument response. The simulations are very
complex, involving computational and memory-intensive calculations,
and are usually performed repeatedly for different observation
intervals to take into account the varying optical sensitivity of
the instrument. The use of generative models based on deep neural
networks offers the prospect for memory-efficient storing of huge
simulation libraries and cost-effective generation of a large number
of simulations in an extremely short time. In this work, we use
Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks to generate photon
showers for an IACT equipped with the FlashCam design, which has
more than 1,500 pixels. Using simulations of the
H.E.S.S. experiment, we demonstrate the successful generation of
high-quality IACT images. The analysis includes a comprehensive
study of the generated image quality based on low-level observables
and the well-known Hillas parameters that describe the shower shape.
We demonstrate for the first time that the generated images have
high fidelity with respect to low-level observables, the Hillas
parameters, their physical properties, as well as their
correlations. The found increase in generation speed in the order
of 105 yields promising prospects for fast and memory-efficient
simulations of air showers for IACTs.
Construction and initial performance evaluation of a newly developed plant PET system
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Watabe Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Mitsutaka , Suzui Nobuo , Kawachi Naoki , Kataoka Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In plant research, positron emission tomography (PET) is
occasionally employed for physiological studies, offering valuable
insights. However, the generally high cost of PET systems and their
suboptimal design for plant research pose challenges to their
application in this field. To address these issues, we have
developed a new PET system optimized specifically for plant
research.

The PET detector ring was positioned vertically to enable
measurements of plants in their normal upright position. The
developed plant PET system features a transaxial field of view (FOV)
of approximately 12 cm and an axial FOV slightly larger than 9 cm,
allowing for the imaging of relatively small-sized plants. To
facilitate imaging of taller plants, the PET system can expand the
axial FOV by changing the subject height using a lab jack, enabling
the imaging of taller plant species.

The measured spatial resolution at the central FOV was 3.3 mm FWHM,
and the sensitivity was 3.7%. The timing resolution was 6.78 ns
FWHM with a lower energy threshold set to 350 keV. Phantom images
simulating plants were successfully measured using the developed
plant PET system. We conclude that the developed plant PET system
holds promise for effective plant imaging.
Spinning with exosomes: electrospun nanofibers for efficient targeting of stem cell-derived exosomes in tissue regeneration
Authors: Raj Ritu , Agrawal Parinita , Bhutani Utkarsh , Bhowmick Tuhin , Chandru Arun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Electrospinning technique converts polymeric solutions into nanoscale fibers using an electric field and can be used for various biomedical and clinical applications. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived small lipid vesicles enriched with biological cargo (proteins and nucleic acids) potential therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss extending the scope of electrospinning by incorporating stem cell-derived EVs, particularly exosomes, into nanofibers for their effective delivery to target tissues. The parameters used during the electrospinning of biopolymers limit the stability and functional properties of cellular products. However, with careful consideration of process requirements, these can significantly improve stability, leading to longevity, effectiveness, and sustained and localized release. Electrospun nanofibers are known to encapsulate or surface-adsorb biological payloads such as therapeutic EVs, proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids. Small EVs, specifically exosomes, have recently attracted the attention of researchers working on regeneration and tissue engineering because of their broad distribution and enormous potential as therapeutic agents. This review focuses on current developments in nanofibers for delivering therapeutic cargo molecules, with a special emphasis on exosomes. It also suggests prospective approaches that can be adapted to safely combine these two nanoscale systems and exponentially enhance their benefits in tissue engineering, medical device coating, and drug delivery applications.
Quantum soft waveguides with resonances induced by broken symmetry
Authors: Kondej Sylwia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider two-dimensional, non-relativistic quantum system with asymptotically straight soft waveguide. We show that the local deformation of the symmetric waveguide can lead to the emerging of the embedded eigenvalues living in the continuous spectrum. The main problem of this paper is devoted to the analysis of weak perturbation of the symmetric system. We show that the original embedded eigenvalues turn to the second sheet of the resolvent analytic continuation and constitute resonances. We describe the asymptotics of the real and imaginary components of the complex resonant pole depending on deformation. Finally, we generalize the problem to three dimensional system equipped with a soft layer.
Optimality of generalized Choi maps in M
3
Authors: Scala Giovanni , Bera Anindita , Sarbicki Gniewomir , Chruściński Dariusz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A family of linear positive maps in the algebra of

3
×
3

complex matrices proposed recently by Bera et al 2024 Linear and Multilinear Algebra 1–16) is further analyzed. It provides a generalization of a seminal Choi nondecomposable extremal map in M
3. We investigate when generalized Choi maps are optimal, i.e. cannot be represented as a sum of positive and completely positive maps. This property is weaker than extremality, however, it turns out that it plays a key role in detecting quantum entanglement.
Improving resource utilization: Axillary lymph node core biopsy triaging for lymphoma
Authors: Dernell Carl , Astle John , Bogachkov Abraham , Reimer Shelly , Wadhwa Anubha , Majidi Shadie S , Canales Bethany , Jorns Julie M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the utilization of hematopathology resources within our enterprise on axillary lymph node core biopsy (AxLNCB) specimens, particularly those obtained in the context of breast cancer screening.

Methods
The utilization of hematopathology resources was determined for all AxLNCB specimens over a 30-month period from across our enterprise, and chart review was performed for select patient demographics and radiographic features. The AxLNCB cases with benign histology were reviewed for subtyping of histologic patterns.

Results
Of the total 594 AxLNCB specimens, 61.6% were benign and 38.6% malignant. Of malignant cases, only 9.3% contained any hematologic malignancy, yet 94% of all cases received tissue triage for lymphoma, and 81% were reviewed at least in part by a hematopathologist. Six clinical parameters were found to independently predict risk of hematologic malignancy: male sex (P = .041), bilateral lymphadenopathy (P = .004), diffuse cortical thickening (P = .005), lack of breast cancer (P = .001), older age (P &lt; .001), and history of hematologic malignancy (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Our enterprise overused hematopathology resources in the evaluation of AxLNCB performed in the study period. Our process could improve from the application of a simple tool generated from this cohort to predict percent risk of the specimen containing hematologic malignancy using patient characteristics easily found via routine chart review.
The Price of Beauty: A Literature Review on Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Infection After Cosmetic Procedures
Authors: Ren Hao , Xiao Yangfan , Tang Bingsi , Shi Yaqian , Zeng Zhuotong , Qiu Xiangning , Ding Yan , Xiao Rong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection of the skin and soft tissues is a complication of cosmetic procedures. The incidence of cutaneous NTM infections has increased significantly as aesthetic operations have become more commonplace. With the rise of cosmetic tourism, the geographic expansion of NTM infections is a major concern. Due to the unique pathogenesis of NTM infections, diagnosis and treatment remain significant challenges for clinicians. Clinical management relies on a combination of antibiotic therapy with drug susceptibility testing and appropriate surgical debridement. Some new drugs, photodynamic therapy, and bacteriophage therapy have been developed in recent years, and may improve the aesthetic outcomes. This review summarizes the cosmetic procedures prone to NTM infections in recent years and their clinical features. We propose a 2-stage treatment procedure, including a hospitalization phase and a follow-up phase. We aim to increase the alertness of clinicians to NTM infections for timely detection and treatment.

Level of Evidence: 3
Greater haemodialysis exposure (‘quotidian haemodialysis’) has different mortality associations by patient age group
Authors: Roberts Matthew A , Davies Christopher E , Brown Leanne , Chua Su Jen , Irish Georgina , Kairaitis Lukas , Krishnasamy Rathika , See Emily , Semple David , Toussaint Nigel D , Viecelli Andrea K , Polkinghorne Kevan R 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Worldwide, most people requiring kidney replacement therapy receive haemodialysis (HD) three times per week. Greater HD time and/or frequency may improve survival, but implementation requires understanding potential benefits across the range of patients.

Methods
Using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, we assessed whether quotidian HD (defined as &gt;3 sessions/week and/or &gt;5 h/session) was associated with reduced mortality in adult patients. The primary outcome of all-cause mortality was analysed by a time-varying Cox proportional hazards model with quotidian HD as the exposure of interest.

Results
Of 24 138 people who received HD between 2011 and 2019, 2632 (10.9%) received quotidian HD at some stage. These patients were younger, more likely male and more likely to receive HD at home. Overall, quotidian versus standard HD was associated with a decreased risk for all-cause mortality {crude hazard ratio [HR] 0.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45–0.56]}, but an interaction between quotidian HD and age was identified (P = .005). Stratified by age groups and splitting follow-up time where proportional hazards were violated, the corresponding HR compared with standard HD was 2.43 (95% CI 1.56–3.79) for people &gt;75 years of age in the first year of quotidian HD, 1.52 (95% CI 0.89–2.58) for 1–3 years and 0.95 (95% CI 0.51–1.78) for ≥3 years. There was no significant survival advantage in younger people.

Conclusions
Although quotidian HD conferred survival benefit in crude analyses, people ≥75 years of age had greater mortality with quotidian HD than standard HD. The mortality benefit in younger people was attenuated when adjusted for known confounders.
Combining anatomical and biochemical markers in the detection and risk stratification of coronary artery disease
Authors: Albus Miriam , Zimmermann Tobias , Median Daniela , Rumora Klara , Isayeva Ganna , Amrein Melissa , Schaefer Ibrahim , Walter Joan , Michel Evita , Huré Gabrielle , Strebel Ivo , Caobelli Federico , Haaf Philip , Frey Simon M , Mueller Christian , Zellweger Michael J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to test the hypothesis if combining coronary artery calcium score (Ca-score) as a quantitative anatomical marker of coronary atherosclerosis with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin as a quantitative biochemical marker of myocardial injury provided incremental value in the detection of functionally relevant coronary artery disease (fCAD) and risk stratification.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients undergoing myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (MPS) without prior CAD were enrolled. The diagnosis of fCAD was based on the presence of ischaemia on MPS and coronary angiography; fCAD was centrally adjudicated in the diagnostic and prognostic domain. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). The composite of cardiovascular death and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 730 days was the primary prognostic endpoint. Among 1715 patients eligible for the diagnostic analysis, 399 patients had fCAD. The combination of Ca-score and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) had good diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of fCAD (AUC 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.81), but no incremental value compared with the Ca-score alone (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.77–0.81, P = 0.965). Similar results were observed using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (AUC 0.80, 95% CI 0.77–0.82) instead of hs-cTnT. Among 1709 patients (99.7%) with available follow-up, 59 patients (3.5%) suffered the composite primary prognostic endpoint (non-fatal AMI, n = 34; CV death, n = 28). Both Ca-score and hs-cTnT had independent prognostic value. Increased risk was restricted to patients with elevation in both markers.

Conclusion
The combination of the Ca-score with hs-cTnT increases the prognostic accuracy for future events but does not provide incremental value vs. the Ca-score alone for the diagnosis of fCAD.

Study registration
Clinical trial registration: NCT00470587.
The paramount of three-dimensional echocardiography in percutaneous closure of large oval perimembranous ventricular septal defect: a case report
Authors: Siagian Sisca Natalia , Kurniawati Yovi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common type of congenital heart abnormality with perimembranous VSD (pmVSD) accounting for ∼70% of all VSD. Nowadays, transcatheter closure is the first choice for suitable pmVSD. However, there was no report about closing the large oval-shaped VSD percutaneously.

Case summary
A 34-year-old male with known VSD was referred for transcatheter closure after failed attempts in other hospital. Patient had been diagnosed with VSD at a young age, but he was lost to follow-up. He presented with shortness of breath due to heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. The initial measurement of the defect was 6–7 mm by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and LV angiography. However, re-measurement using TEE and 3D echocardiography revealed that the VSD is oval with diameters of 18 mm × 6 mm. Initially, device No. 12/14 was used, but it was dislodged on two attempts. The operator then decided to upsize the device size to No. 16/18 that was successful. The patient’s condition was good, and 6 months follow-up after the procedure showed good outcomes without any residual defect or arrhythmia.

Discussion
In this study, we would like to highlight the rarity of large oval pmVSD that almost failed to be closed with the conventional measurement with echocardiography and fluoroscopy. Transoesophageal echocardiography especially 3D can be the new modality of choice that might be superior to fluoroscopy to decide the right device size in some cases such as oval-shaped pmVSD.
Importance of experience in transoesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of vegetation size in patients with infective endocarditis: a reliability study
Authors: Schmidt Louise , Østergaard Lauge , Grund Frederik Fasth , Schmidt Line , Linde Jesper James , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Vegetation size assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is a decisive metric in guiding surgical intervention and prognosis in patients with definite infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of echocardiographic experience on the reliability and reproducibility of TOE measurements of vegetations in patients with IE.

Methods and results
Twenty-nine raters from a cardiac department at a tertiary centre were divided into three groups according to echocardiographic experience: experts, cardiologists, and novices. All raters were instructed to measure the maximum length of vegetations in 20 different TOE exams. Interrater agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Bland–Altmann plots. Reliability was assessed by minimal detectable change (MDC). All measurements were compared with the measured size agreed on by the multi-disciplinary IE team.
There was an overall significant interrater variance between the three groups (P &lt; 0.001). The variance was 10.1, 14.8, and 21.7 for the experts, cardiologists, and novices, respectively. ICC was excellent for experts (96.3%) and cardiologists (93.7%) and good for novices (84.6%). The three groups tended to measure smaller than the endocarditis team. MDC was 2.6 mm for experts, 3.3 mm for cardiologists, and 3.6 mm for novices.

Conclusion
The study showed good to excellent intraclass correlation but high dispersion in all groups. Variance decreased with higher experience. Our findings support current recommendations that complicated cases should be cared for by the multi-disciplinary endocarditis team and underline the importance of echocardiographic expertise when evaluating and measuring vegetations in patients with IE.
Orthostatic hypotension is associated with higher levels of circulating endostatin
Authors: Ricci Fabrizio , Larsson Anders , Ruge Toralph , Galanti Kristian , Hamrefors Viktor , Sutton Richard , Olshansky Brian , Fedorowski Artur , Johansson Madeleine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
The pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension (OH), a common clinical condition, associated with adverse outcomes, is incompletely understood. We examined the relationship between OH and circulating endostatin, an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor with antitumour effects proposed to be involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation.

Methods and results
We compared endostatin levels in 146 patients with OH and 150 controls. A commercial chemiluminescence sandwich immunoassay was used to measure circulating levels of endostatin. Linear and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to test the association between endostatin and OH. Endostatin levels were significantly higher in OH patients (59 024 ± 2513 pg/mL) vs. controls (44 090 ± 1978pg/mL, P &lt; 0.001). A positive linear correlation existed between endostatin and the magnitude of systolic BP decline upon standing (P &lt; 0.001). Using multivariate analysis, endostatin was associated with OH (adjusted odds ratio per 10% increase of endostatin in the whole study population = 1.264, 95% confidence interval 1.141–1.402), regardless of age, sex, prevalent cancer, and cardiovascular disease, as well as traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusion
Circulating endostatin is elevated in patients with OH and may serve as a potential clinical marker of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with OH. Our findings call for external validation. Further research is warranted to clarify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Association between lipoprotein(a), LPA genetic risk score, aortic valve disease, and subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Moore Matthew K , Jones Gregory T , McCormick Sally , Williams Michael J A , Coffey Sean 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cohort studies have demonstrated associations between calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and Lp(a). As Lp(a) is almost entirely genetically determined, in this study, we aim to determine whether Lp(a), when predicted from genetic data, is associated with CAVD and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Methods and results
Patients undergoing coronary angiography between January 2012 and May 2013 were invited to participate in the study. Of 752 analysable participants, 446 had their Lp(a) measured and 703 had a calculable LPA genetic risk score (GRS). The primary outcomes were the presence of CAVD at baseline and MACE over a 7-year follow-up. The GRS explained 45% of variation in Lp(a). After adjustment for cardiac risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD), the odds of CAVD increased with increasing Lp(a) [odds ratio (OR) 1.039 per 10-unit increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.057, P &lt; 0.001] and GRS (OR 1.054 per 10-unit increase, 95% CI 1.024–1.086; P &lt; 0.001). Lipoprotein(a) and the GRS as continuous variables were not associated with subsequent MACEs. A dichotomized GRS (&gt;54) was associated with MACE, but this relationship became non-significant when CAD classification was added into the model (OR 1.333, 95% CI 0.927–1.912; P = 0.12).

Conclusion
An LPA GRS can explain 45% of variation in Lp(a) levels, and both Lp(a) and the GRS are associated with CAVD. An elevated GRS is associated with future cardiac events in a secondary risk setting, but, if the CAD status is known, it does not provide additional prognostic information.