bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biostimulative effects of ND:YAG q‐switch dye on normal human fibroblast cultures: Study of a new chemosensitizing agent for the ND:YAG laser
Authors: Castro Dan J. , Ward Paul H. , Saxton Romaine E. , Castro Donna J. , Fetterman Harold R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractKodak Q‐switch II® is a new chemical with an absorption maxima at 1,051 nm, designed to be used as an Nd:YAG dye laser. The potential for this dye as a new chemosensitizing agent in the treatment of connective tissue diseases and wound healing with low energy Nd:YAG laser was examined. Two normal fibroblast cell lines were tested for sensitivity to various levels of this dye in vitro. These cells were exposed to Q‐switch II dye at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml for 1 and 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed by the trypan blue exclusion test. Cell duplication and DNA synthesis were measured by the incorporation of [3H]‐thymidine at 6 and 24 hours postexposure to Q‐switch II dye. At concentrations up to 10 μg/ml, both cell lines tested showed no changes in cell viability. However, at concentrations equal or higher than 50 μg/ml, more than 40% of the fibroblasts incorporated trypan blue after 24 hours of exposure to this dye, indicating significant cell destruction. The results indicate that Q‐switch II dye is nontoxic to normal human fibroblast cultures and showed significant biostimulative effects on cell duplication at concentrations equal to or lower than 10 μg/ml. Further studies will be required to determine the usefulness of Q‐switch EC dye as a new photochemosensitizing agent for potential biostimulation of wound healing and/or treatment of connective tissue diseases with the Nd:YAG laser (near infrared, 1,060 nm) at “nonthermal” levels of energies.
Open‐set word recognition with the duren/cologne extracochlear implant
Authors: Tyler Richard S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe author visited Duren, West Germany and evaluated the performance of five patients implanted with the extracochlear Duren/Cologne implant who achieved better word recognition levels. Word and sentence speech reception tests were presented live‐voice by a familiar German speaker. Performance ranged from 1% to 80% correct word recognition with sentence material, 0% to 63% correct word recognition with word lists, and 13% to 86% correct recognition for phonemes in words. One patient achieved high‐level, open‐set word recognition without visual cues, using single‐channel, extracochlear stimulation. Preimplant auditory thresholds in her implanted ear were 60, 65, 90, and 105 dB HL at octave frequencies from 125 to 1,000 Hz, respectively. There was no measurable hearing at higher audiometric frequencies.
Murine subrenal capsule assay: Prediction of chemoresponsiveness in head and neck cancer
Authors: Panje William R. , Mccormick Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIf chemotherapy is to be used with the greatest efficacy in head and neck cancer, a predictive test that will indicate tumor sensitivity or resistance in individual patients may be desirable. This report demonstrates that the in vivo murine subrenal capsule assay was an efficient, sensitive method for retrospectively predicting the clinical response of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck to chemotherapy. Twenty‐five courses of chemotherapy in 22 patients were compared to responses in the in vivo assay. The assay correctly identified sensitivity to chemotherapy in 86% of clinically responding patients. The specificity of the assay was 78%. A 60% efficiency for predicting clinical response and a 93% efficiency for predicting clinical resistance were demonstrated. Eighty percent of the results were correctly classified. The murine subrenal capsule assay has potential in planning of chemotherapy for selected patients.
Thrombolysis with systemically administered t‐PA in a new venous thrombosis model
Authors: Hayden Richard E. , Mclear Patrick W. , Phillips John G. , Dawson Steven M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEarly thrombosis of either the arterial or venous supply of a free flap or island pedicle flap results in total flap necrosis. Until very recently, the only option for flap salvage was surgical intervention and, often, revision of the vascular pedicle. Current advances in the pharmacologic treatment of coronary artery and deep leg vein thrombosis have kindled interest in the field of reconstructive surgery for pharmacologic treatment of thromboses that compromise flaps.In the past, there has been research on the local and systemic administration of thrombolytic agents for lysis of experimentally induced thrombi in various animal models. A new venous inversion graft thrombosis model is presented here, which possesses many advantages over previously employed research models. This study demonstrates thrombolysis with systemically administered tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) in this model.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Sterman Bruce M. , Kraus Dennis H. , Sebek Bruce A. , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPrimary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is an uncommon malignancy. It can be diagnosed only after squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to the parotid gland has been excluded. Histologic evaluation must differentiate primary squamous cell carcinoma from high‐grade muco‐epidermoid carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Retrospective review of parotid gland neoplasms seen in the Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders between 1972 and 1987 identified eight cases for an incidence of 1.8%. The majority of these patients had advanced disease and were treated with both surgery and radiation therapy. Fifty percent of the cases demonstrated no evidence of disease at an average follow‐up of 29 months.
The neurofasciocutaneous radial forearm flap in head and neck reconstruction: A preliminary report
Authors: Urken Mark L. , Weinberg Hubert , Vickery Carlin , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe radial forearm free flap has achieved considerable popularity as a reconstructive technique due to its thin, pliable tissue and long vascular pedicle. The successful use of this flap as a carrier of a vascularized nerve to bridge motor nerve gaps and as a sensate flap has not been previously reported in head and neck reconstruction. The superficial branch of the radial nerve was used as a vascularized nerve graft to bridge a facial nerve defect following radical parotidectomy. The medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves were used to re‐establish sensation in a reconstructed pharyngeal mucosal defect. The published clinical and experimental studies on vascularized nerves and sen‐sate flaps are reviewed in detail.
Squamous carcinoma of the head and neck in organ transplant recipients: Possible role of oncogenic viruses
Authors: Bradford Carol R. , Hoffman Henry T. , Wolf Gregory T. , Carey Thomas E. , Baker Shan R. , Mcclatchey Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA consistently increased incidence of malignancies in renal transplant recipients has been attributed to the effect of chronic immunosuppression required to prevent transplant rejection. Tumors arising in such patients offer a unique opportunity to study the interactions of the immune system and tumor development. A series of three cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma arising in patients after renal, cardiac, or bone marrow transplantation are reported. Patient ages at tumor diagnosis were 18, 29, and 53 years, respectively. Time from transplant to diagnosis of tumor ranged from 7 months to 12 years. Only the youngest patient lacked a history of exposure to the traditional predisposing factors of tobacco and alcohol use. Histo‐pathologic examination in all three tumors showed features of koilocytosis with hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis suggestive of papillomavirus infection. Squamous carcinoma cells from one of these patients have been successfully established in cell culture. Immune system impairments secondary to the use of antirejection drugs could allow the expression of oncogenic viruses. A recent report of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in a primary and metastatic perianal squamous cell carcinoma from a renal transplant recipient, as well as the reported presence of HPV in benign and malignant neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract suggests that HPV infection could play a role in the development of squamous carcinomas in transplant recipients. Further studies of HPV invection in cultured cell lines derived from head and neck tumors occurring in immunosup‐pressed patients are needed to define this relationship.
Clinical and radiological outcome of total hip replacement five years after pamidronate therapy
Authors: Shetty N. , Hamer A. J. , Stockley I. , Eastell R. , Willkinson J. M. 
Published: September 2006

Bisphosphonates reduce peri-prosthetic bone loss in the short term after total hip replacement but the mid- and longer term effects are not known. The aims of this randomised trial were to examine the effect of a single dose of 90 mg of pamidronate on the clinical and radiological outcome and peri-prosthetic bone mineral density in 50 patients (56 hips) over a five-year period, following total hip replacement.At five years, 37 patients (42 hips) returned for assessment. The Harris hip scores were similar in the pamidronate and placebo groups throughout the study. Also at five years, four patients, two from each group had osteolytic lesions on plain radiography. These were located around the acetabular component in three patients and in the femoral calcar in one. The femoral and acetabular peri-prosthetic bone mineral density in the pamidronate group and the control group was similar at five years.Pamidronate given as a single post-operative dose does not appear to influence the clinical outcome or prevent the development of osteolytic lesions at five years after total hip replacement.
Treatment of idiopathic club foot using the Ponseti method
Authors: Changulani M. , Garg N. K. , Rajagopal T. S. , Bass A. , Nayagam S. N. , Sampath J. , Bruce C. E. 
Published: September 2006

We report our initial experience of using the Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital idiopathic club foot. Between November 2002 and November 2004 we treated 100 feet in 66 children by this method. The standard protocol described by Ponseti was used except that, when necessary, percutaneous tenotomy of tendo Achillis were performed under general anaesthesia in the operating theatre and not under local anaesthesia in the out-patient department. The Pirani score was used for assessment and the mean follow-up time was 18 months (6 to 30). The results were also assessed in terms of the number of casts applied, the need for tenotomy of tendo Achillis and recurrence of the deformity. Tenotomy was required in 85 of the 100 feet. There was a failure to respond to the initial regimen in four feet which then required extensive soft-tissue release. Of the 96 feet which responded to initial casting, 31 (32%) had a recurrence, 16 of which were successfully treated by repeat casting and/or tenotomy and/or transfer of the tendon of tibialis anterior. The remaining 15 required extensive soft-tissue release. Poor compliance with the foot-abduction orthoses (Denis Browne splint) was thought to be the main cause of failure in these patients.
A score for predicting salvage and outcome in Gustilo type-IIIA and type-IIIB open tibial fractures
Authors: Rajasekaran S. , Babu J. Naresh , Dheenadhayalan J. , Shetty A. P. , Sundararajan S. R. , Kumar M. , Rajasabapathy S. 
Published: September 2006

Limb-injury severity scores are designed to assess orthopaedic and vascular injuries. In Gustilo type-IIIA and type-IIIB injuries they have poor sensitivity and specificity to predict salvage or outcome. We have designed a trauma score to grade the severity of injury to the covering tissues, the bones and the functional tissues, grading the three components from one to five. Seven comorbid conditions known to influence the management and prognosis have been given a score of two each. The score was validated in 109 consecutive open injuries of the tibia, 42 type-IIIA and 67 type-IIIB. The total score was used to assess the possibilities of salvage and the outcome was measured by dividing the injuries into four groups according to their scores as follows: group I scored less than 5, group II 6 to 10, group III 11 to 15 and group IV 16 or more. A score of 14 to indicate amputation had the highest sensitivity and specificity. Our trauma score compared favourably with the Mangled Extremity Severity score in sensitivity (98% and 99%), specificity (100% and 17%), positive predictive value (100% and 97.5%) and negative predictive value (70% and 50%), respectively. A receiver-operating characteristic curve constructed for 67 type-IIIB injuries to assess the efficiency of the scores to predict salvage, showed that the area under the curve for this score was better (0.988 (± 0.013 sem)) than the Mangled Extremity Severity score (0.938 (± 0.039 sem)). All limbs in group IV and one in group III underwent amputation. Of the salvaged limbs, there was a significant difference in the three groups for the requirement of a flap for wound cover, the time to union, the number of surgical procedures required, the total days as an in-patient and the incidence of deep infection (p < 0.001 for all). The individual scores for covering and functional tissues were also found to offer specific guidelines in the management of these complex injuries. The scoring system was found to be simple in application and reliable in prognosis for both limb-salvage and outcome measures in type-IIIA and type-IIIB open injuries of the tibia.
A custom-made prosthesis attached to an existing femoral component for the treatment of peri- and sub-prosthetic fracture
Authors: Tillman R. , Kalra S. , Grimer R. , Carter S. , Abudu A. 
Published: September 2006

Peri- and sub-prosthetic fractures, or pathological fractures below an existing well-fixed femoral component, with or without an ipsilateral knee replacement, present a difficult surgical challenge. We describe a simple solution, in which a custom-made prosthesis with a cylindrical design is cemented proximally to the stem of an existing, well-fixed femoral component. This effectively treats the fracture without sacrificing the good hip. We describe five patients with a mean age of 73 years (60 to 81) and a mean follow-up of 47 months (6 to 108). The mean overlap of the prosthesis over the femoral component was 7.5 cm (5.5 to 10). There have been no mechanical failures, no new infections and no re-operations. We suggest that in highly selected cases, in which conventional fixation is not feasible, this technique offers a durable option and avoids the morbidity of a total femoral replacement.
Bio Imaging of Intracellular NO Production in Single Bone Cells After Mechanical Stimulation
Authors: Vatsa Aviral , Mizuno Daisuke , Smit Theo H , Schmidt Christoph F , MacKintosh Fred C , Klein-Nulend Jenneke 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
We show the intracellular upregulation of NO production after mechanical stimulation, an essential chemical signal in bone remodeling. This is done in real time using the fluorescent chromophore DAR-4M AM. Differences in cellular response to mechanical stimulation of different regions of a single cell were observed.
Introduction: Osteocytes are the most abundant bone cells that are believed to be the mechanosensors of bone, responding to mechanical stresses in interstitial fluid flow through the canaliculi. Under mechanical load, chemical signals such as NO play a key role in the activity of osteoblasts/osteoclasts that regulate bone remodeling. Despite the importance of NO in signaling, its real-time detection has proved challenging. This is largely because of the short NO half-life (typically ∼0.1–5 s). Here, we show the upregulation of intracellular NO production in single osteocytes under localized mechanical stimulation.
Materials and Methods: We used the chromophore DAR-4M AM for NO detection. This is loaded into surface-attached MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells that are subjected to a localized mechanical stimulation using optical tweezers or a microneedle tip. DAR-4M AM is membrane-permeable and chelates NO, forming a stable, fluorescent compound, which is visible with a rhodamine filter.
Results: Nonstimulated MLO-Y4 and MC3T3-E1 cells showed basal NO production levels, as indicated by a gradual increase in their fluorescence intensity. Localized mechanical stimulation of single MC3T3-E1 cells and MLO-Y4 cells by optical tweezers (150–550 pN, 0.5–3 Hz, 1 minute) showed a nearly 15–30% increase, whereas MLO-Y4 cells stimulated by a microneedle (10–20 nN, 1 minute) showed nearly 15–16% increase relative to their nonstimulated state. Furthermore, stimulation of a single cell process by a microneedle resulted in a 2–10% increase in the fluorescence intensity.
Conclusions: NO is essential for mechanically induced bone remodeling and is a meaningful parameter for measuring bone cell activation after mechanical loading. Here we show NO upregulation in individual bone cells after a localized mechanical stimulation. We also show that both the cell body and the cell processes might be involved in mechanosensing. This technique allows characterization of the mechanosensitivity of different parts of a single osteocyte. This opens up the possibility to uncover the complexities and function of single osteocytes in the dynamic process of bone remodeling.
PTH-Induced Actin Depolymerization Increases Mechanosensitive Channel Activity to Enhance Mechanically Stimulated 2+ Signaling in Osteoblasts*
Authors: Zhang Jinsong , Ryder Kimberly D , Bethel Jody A , Ramirez Raymund , Duncan Randall L 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D enhanced the mechanically induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in osteoblasts in a manner similar to that of PTH. Stabilization of actin with phalloidin prevented the PTH enhanced [Ca2+]i response to shear. Patch-clamp analyses show that the MSCC is directly influenced by alterations in actin integrity.
Introduction: PTH significantly enhances the fluid shear-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in osteoblasts, in part, through increased activation of both the mechanosensitive, cation-selective channel (MSCC) and L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel (L-VSCC). Both stimuli have been shown to produce dynamic changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we examined the effects of alterations in actin polymerization on [Ca2+]i and MSCC activity in MC3T3-E1 and UMR-106.01 osteoblasts in response to shear ± PTH pretreatment.
Materials and Methods: MC3T3-E1 or UMR-106.01 cells were plated onto type I collagen–coated quartz slides, allowed to proliferate to 60% confluency, and mounted on a modified parallel plate chamber and subjected to 12 dynes/cm2. For patch-clamp studies, cells were plated on collagen-coated glass coverslips, mounted on the patch chamber, and subjected to pipette suction. Modulators of actin cytoskeleton polymerization were added 30 minutes before the experiments, whereas channel inhibitors were added 10 minutes before mechanical stimulation. All drugs were maintained in the flow medium for the duration of the experiment.
Results and Conclusions: Depolymerization of actin with 1–5 μM cytochalasin D (cyto D) augmented the peak [Ca2+]i response and increased the number of cells responding to shear, similar to the increased responses induced by pretreatment with 50 nM PTH. Stabilization of actin with phalloidin prevented the PTH enhanced [Ca2+]i response to shear. Inhibition of the MSCC with Gd3+ significantly blocked both the peak Ca2+ response and the number of cells responding to shear in cells pretreated with either PTH or cyto D. Inhibition of the L-VSCC reduced the peak [Ca2+]i response to shear in cells pretreated with PTH, but not with cyto D. Patch-clamp analyses found that addition of PTH or cyto D significantly increased the MSCC open probability in response to mechanical stimulation, whereas phalloidin significantly attenuated the PTH-enhanced MSCC activation. These data indicate that actin reorganization increases MSCC activity in a manner similar to PTH and may be one mechanism through which PTH may reduce the mechanical threshold of osteoblasts.
Effects of Strontium on Bone Strength, Density, Volume, and Microarchitecture in Laying Hens
Authors: Shahnazari Mohammad , Sharkey Neil A , Fosmire Gary J , Leach Roland M 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Strontium has been reported to have beneficial effects on bone. Treatment of laying hens, which are susceptible to osteoporosis and bone fracture, with strontium increased DXA measurements of BMD and BMC and μCT measurements of bone volume and microarchitecture and improved the mechanical performance of whole bone, but had no effect on the estimated material properties of the bone tissue.
Introduction: Strontium (Sr) has been reported to dissociate bone remodeling and have positive influences on bone formation. We supplemented the diet of laying hens, which are susceptible to osteoporosis and bone fracture, with Sr to study the capacity of the element to improve bone mechanical integrity and resistance to fracture.
Materials and Methods: Increasing dosages of Sr (0, 3000, 4500, and 6000 ppm) were fed to 196 13-week-old pullets for 11 months. BMD and BMC, as measured by conventional and DXA methods, microarchitectural parameters derived from μCT, and structural and material properties as determined by three-point bending test, were studied. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and Sr levels in plasma and bone, as well as egg output, shell quality, and composition, were assessed.
Results: Sr concentrations in plasma and bone increased in a dose-dependent manner without affecting Ca and P. Treatment with Sr increased BMD and BMC as measured by DXA, increased cortical and medullary bone volume, trabecular thickness, number, and surface, and improved whole bone ultimate load, but had no effect on the estimated material properties of diaphyseal bone. Sr also increased the ash content of eggshells and did not affect egg output and shell quality.
Conclusions: Sr supplementation induced large positive effects on bone density, volume, and microarchitecture as measured by radiographic methods. Sr treatment also improved the structural strength of diaphyseal bone but had no effect on the estimated material properties of the bone tissue.