bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal resource allocation and redistribution strategy in military conflicts with Lanchester square law attrition
Authors: Sheeba P.S. , Ghose Debasish 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe address the problem of optimal decision‐making in conflicts based on Lanchester square law attrition model where a defending force needs to be partitioned optimally, and allocated to two different attacking forces of differing strengths and capabilities. We consider a resource allocation scheme called the Time Zero Allocation with Redistribution (TZAR) strategy, where allocation is followed by redistribution of defending forces, on the occurrence of certain decisive events. Unlike previous work on Lanchester attrition model based tactical decision‐making, which propose time sequential tactics through an optimal control approach, the present article focuses on obtaining simpler resource allocation tactics based on a static optimization framework, and demonstrates that the results obtained are similar to those obtained by the more complex dynamic optimal control solution. Complete solution for this strategy is obtained for optimal partitioning of resources of the defending forces. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Integration‐free Coons macroelements for the solution of 2D Poisson problems
Authors: Provatidis C. G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLarge isoparametric macroelements with closed‐form cardinal global shape functions under the label ‘Coons‐patch macroelements’ (CPM) have been previously proposed and used in conjunction with the finite element method and the boundary element method. This paper continues the research on the performance of CPM in conjunction with the collocation method. In contrast to the previous CPM that was based on a Galerkin/Ritz formulation, no domain integration is now required, a fact that justifies the name ‘integration‐free Coons macroelements’. Therefore, in addition to avoiding mesh generation, and saving human effort, the proposed technique has the additional advantage of further reducing the computer effort. The theory is supported by five test cases concerning Poisson and Laplace problems within 2D smooth quadrilateral domains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic methacrylic acid oligomer as a novel pH‐sensitive carrier material
Authors: Hara Tomoko , Saito Reiko 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe pH effect of inclusion of methylene blue (MB) in cyclic methacrylic acid oligomer (CMAA) with degree of polymerization 14, which was a novel cationic host material with pKa 4.83, was investigated in methanol. The self‐diffusion coefficients of MB in methanol at pH 7.0 and 4.0 with and without CMAA were measured by 1H‐NMR spectrometry with pulsed‐field‐gradient stimulated‐echo pulse (PGSE) analysis. At both pH values, the addition of CMAA to MB solution resulted in the complex formation between CMAA and MB. MB was included in CMAA in methanol at a wide range of pH. The molar fraction of the slow diffusion component corresponding to the complex increased by varying the pH from 7.0 to 4.0. Then, SiO–CMAA was synthesized by immobilization of CMAA on silica gel beads. The time dependence of adsorption of MB to SiO–CMAA was investigated by UV–Vis spectrometry. At pH 7.0, the absorbance of MB–methanol solution gradually decreased by the addition of SiO–CMAA. The absorbance drastically decreased on varying the pH from 7.0 to 4.0, and the absorbance quickly increased on varying the pH from 4.0 to 7.0. The inclusion of MB in CMAA was fast and reversible on changing the pH of the solution. CMAA was the novel pH sensitive host material. Inclusion of MB in CMAA enhanced at pH 4.0 rather than at pH 7.0. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of chemical structure of the repeating unit on physical properties of aromatic polymers containing phenylquinoxaline rings
Authors: Ronova Inga A. , Sokolova Ekaterina A. , Bruma Maria 
Published: July 2008

AbstractConformational parameters and free, occupied, accessible, and Van der Waals volume values for a group of polymers containing phenylquinoxaline rings have been calculated using an original method and have been correlated with the data regarding glass transition temperature and transport parameters given in the literature. Thus, it was shown that conformational rigidity determines the packing of macromolecules in solid state, and therefore the free volume and glass transition temperature. The introduction of phenylquinoxaline rings in polyimides leads to a decrease of selectivity to all gases due to the increase of free volume in comparison with initial polyimides. But it leads to the increase of selectivity of the gas pair H2/G, where G is any simple gas because of an increase of the number of small microcavities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1868–1877, 2008
HCV inhibits antigen processing and presentation and induces oxidative stress response in gastric mucosa
Authors: De Re Valli , Simula Maria Paola , Cannizzaro Renato , Sansonno Domenico , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Gloghini Annunziata , Carbone Antonino , Colombatti Alfonso , Marin Maria Dolores , De Zorzi Mariangela , Toffoli Giuseppe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractProductive hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection appears to be primarily confined to the liver. However, a wide variety of extrahepatic disease manifestations are associated with the infection and HCV RNA has been frequently detected in gastric mucosa. The present study aims to determine molecular alterations present in vivo in the stomach where HCV expression does not induce a carcinoma but a lymphoma, thus extending the knowledge of alterations in intracellular pathways consequent to HCV infection. We compared, by 2‐D DIGE, the gastric protein expression profile from six HCV positive and six HCV negative samples lacking neoplastic or dysplastic conditions. In HCV positive tissue we observed a down regulation of proteins involved in MHC maturation and assembly, antigen processing and presentation and ER stress, in addition to an up regulation of proteins involved in cellular oxidative stress responses. Ubiquinol‐cytochrome‐C‐reductase (UQCRFS1), part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex‐III, was identified as the most up regulated protein. Data were confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate a HCV negative influence on the different pathways that determine antigen processing and presentation via MHC‐I and the cellular attempts to counteract HCV induced oxidative stress. Both these processes facilitate immune escape and cell survival and probably contribute to HCV chronicization.
New routes to sustainable photovoltaics: evaluation of Cu2ZnSnS4 as an alternative absorber material
Authors: Scragg Jonathan J. , Dale Philip J. , Peter Laurence M. , Zoppi Guillaume , Forbes Ian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThin film heterojunction solar cells based on chalcopyrites such as Cu(In,Ga)Se2 have achieved impressive efficiencies. However concern about the long term sustainability of photovoltaics based on scarce or expensive raw materials has prompted the search for alternative absorber materials. In this work, films of the p‐type absorber Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) were prepared by electroplating metallic precursors sequentially onto a molybdenum‐coated glass substrate followed by an nealing in a sulfur atmosphere. The polycrystalline CZTS films were characterized by photoelectrochemical methods, which showed films were p‐type with doping densities of the order of 1016 cm–3 and a band gap of 1.49 eV, close to the optimum value for terrestrial solar energy conversion. Preliminary results obtained for solar cells fabricated with this material are promising. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of a sequential global test of improved recovery following stroke as applied to the ICTUS trial of citicoline
Authors: Bolland Kim , Whitehead John , Cobo Erik , Secades Julio J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe International Citicoline Trial in acUte Stroke is a sequential phase III study of the use of the drug citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke, which was initiated in 2006 in 56 treatment centres. The primary objective of the trial is to demonstrate improved recovery of patients randomized to citicoline relative to those randomized to placebo after 12 weeks of follow‐up. The primary analysis will take the form of a global test combining the dichotomized results of assessments on three well‐established scales: the Barthel Index, the modified Rankin scale and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. This approach was previously used in the analysis of the influential National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke trial of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in stroke.The purpose of this paper is to describe how this trial was designed, and in particular how the simultaneous objectives of taking into account three assessment scales, performing a series of interim analyses and conducting treatment allocation and adjusting the analyses to account for prognostic factors, including more than 50 treatment centres, were addressed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency of visual peak detection in X‐ray photoelectron spectra
Authors: Suzuki Mineharu , Fukushima Sei , Tanuma Shigeo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe report initial results of a VAMAS/TWA2 project to evaluate procedures for automated peak detection in X‐ray photoelectron spectra. As a reference for investigations of the efficiency of automated peak‐detection software, we report the efficiency of visual peak detection in three test spectra. It was found that (i) characteristics of analysts are grouped into four categories using principal component analysis (PCA); the first participant group to detect large numbers of peaks for the three test spectra, the second one to detect small numbers of peaks for them, the third one to detect similar numbers of peaks, and the fourth one to detect a relatively large number of peaks for one of them and small numbers for two of them, (ii) scattering of detected peak numbers seems to depend on detection of medium‐intensity peaks because of participants' subjectivity or ambivalence for judgment of intensity, and (iii) the peaks that are detected by the analysts with a detectability more than 75% almost correspond to the peak signal‐to‐noise(S/N) ratio of more than 10 in logarithmic expression. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of HfSiON thin films
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Terauchi Shin‐ya , Azuma Yasushi , Fujimoto Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHfSiON thin films with different thicknesses were prepared by the oxidation of sputter‐deposited hafnium nitride (HfN) thin films. Thereafter, the chemical structures were investigated using XPS before and after a rapid thermal anneal (RTA) at a high temperature of 1000 °C. The thinner film of HfN was fully oxidized and HfSiON was formed after oxidation; Si atoms of HfSiON were obtained as a result of out‐diffusion from the substrate. However, a majority of HfN bonds in the thicker sample remained unoxidized after oxidation, and subsequent annealing at 1000 °C revealed bond breaking of HfN, N loss, and bond formation of HfO. This suggested that the incorporation of O into the film was the main channel for N loss during high‐temperature annealing. The high‐resolution cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (CS‐TEM) results indicated that the thinner film was amorphous and the thicker one, crystalline. The existence of HfSiON at the interface in the thinner sample before RTA was considered to suppress the crystallization. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stochastic vehicle mobility model with environmental condition adaptation capability
Authors: Momen Amir Reza , Azmi Paeiz 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn mobile communication systems, mobility modeling is involved in several aspects such as signaling and traffic load analysis. In particular, accurate mobility models are essential for the evaluation of the system design alternatives and network implementation cost issues. In this paper, we propose a mobility model that is appropriate for practical analysis of the mobile systems' design issues. Our model provides different levels of details for the user mobility behavior and can be adapted to any environmental topology. This model considers direction and velocity of the user mobility. The motion direction is modeled based on real street patterns and is described by discrete state Gauss–Markov technique whose parameters are calculated by combining the information derived by the topological map and wireless network performance report (WNPR) of the simulation area. In the proposed method, the user velocity is assumed to be the average velocity that is found based on traffic condition and type of the street. The computational complexity of our model is to the extent that can be used not only in mobility management test procedures but also in order to calculate some useful parameters of these procedures. In this paper, we apply real data to validate the proposed model by simulation which is used to confirm the accuracy of the proposed model and its analytical analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addressing spiritual development in youth development programs and practices: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Pittman Karen , Garza Pamela , Yohalem Nicole , Artman Stephanie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIf strengthening children's moral and spiritual selves is the most important challenge facing youth‐serving organizations in the United States today, three things are required to respond: a clear road map of where to go and how to get there, a critical mass of champions prepared to lead the way, and candid readiness assessments and strategies for individuals and organizations ready to take on this work. More clarity is needed on defining the concepts of spiritual development and spirituality, the boundaries and bridges needed between religious and secular organizations, and the activities and practices that are both effective and allowable under separation of church and state. Immediate steps to take include engaging frontline workers across sectors and identifying strategies for integrating spiritual development into youth practice.
The effectiveness of distal soft tissue procedures in hallux valgus
Authors: Kayali Cemil , Ozturk Hasan , Agus Haluk , Altay Taskin , Hancerli Ozgur 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundHallux valgus is a common disorder affecting mostly women population. Distal soft tissue procedure in the treatment of hallux valgus is one of the main operative techniques described. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of McBride’s distal soft tissue procedure in hallux valgus cases.Materials and methodsThis study includes 30 patients (27 women) having 31 hallux valgus, who were treated between 1999 and 2004. Modified McBride’s distal soft tissue procedure was carried out in all cases. Pain status of the cases was recorded by using VAS, clinical assessment described by Bonney and Macnab, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society’s (AOFAS) score at the last follow up.ResultsThe mean hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles decreased from 31.4° and 13.8° to 13.5° and 10.5°, respectively, with an average follow-up period of 54.4 months. AOFAS’s score displayed significant improvement from 57 to 87. The mean VAS showed a significant decrease from 8.75 preoperatively to 2.1 at the last follow-up. According to Bonney and Macnab criteria, only one case was accepted as poor result due to 5° hallux varus.ConclusionsMcBride’s distal soft tissue procedure yields high rate of satisfaction for mild to moderate hallux valgus with no bony complications related to osteotomy.
d‐Ribose therapy in four Polish patients with adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency: Absence of positive effect
Authors: Jurecka A. , Tylki‐Szymanska A. , Zikanova M. , Krijt J. , Kmoch S. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryDeficiency of adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) (OMIM 103050) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the purine de novo synthesis pathway and purine nucleotide cycle, diagnosed so far in approximately 50 patients. The clinical presentation is characterized by severe neurological involvement including hypotonia, seizures, developmental delay and autistic features. Epilepsy in ADSL deficiency is frequent and occurs in approximately two‐thirds of patients, beginning either early in the neonatal period or after the first year of life. At present there is no treatment of proven clinical efficacy. Despite of the increasing number of ADSL‐deficient patients reported, there are only a few communications of therapeutic considerations or efforts. Among them only two showed some beneficial effects in ADSL‐deficient patients. d‐Ribose, a simple and relatively cheap therapy, has been associated with improvement of behaviour and progressive reduction of the seizure frequency in one 13‐year‐old patient with ADSL deficiency. In this study we have re‐examined d‐ribose treatment in four ADSL‐deficient patients. Assessments consisted of biochemical markers and neurological outcome. The 12‐month trial of d‐ribose failed to show any clinical benefit in ADSL patients with both milder and severe phenotype. d‐Ribose administration was accompanied by neither reduction in seizure frequency nor growth enhancement. Additionally, patients with milder type II presented the first seizure after 4 and 8 months of the d‐ribose treatment. Therefore, we could not confirm a positive effect of d‐ribose as previously reported.
The fear‐avoidance model in whiplash injuries
Authors: Nieto Rubén , Miró Jordi , Huguet Anna 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to study whether fear of movement, and pain catastrophizing predict pain related‐disability and depression in sub‐acute whiplash patients. Moreover, we wanted to test if fear of movement is a mediator in the relation between catastrophizing and pain‐related disability/depression as has been suggested by the fear‐avoidance model [Vlaeyen JWS, Kole‐Snijders AMJ, Boeren RGB, van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain 1995;62:363–72]. The convenience sample used was of 147 sub‐acute whiplash patients (pain duration less than 3 months). Two stepwise regression analyses were performed using fear of movement and catastrophizing as the independent variables, and disability and depression as the dependent variables. After controlling for descriptive variables and pain characteristics, catastrophizing and fear of movement were found to be predictors of disability and depression. Pain intensity was a predictor of disability but not of depression. The mediation effect of fear of movement in the relationships between catastrophizing and disability, and between catastrophizing and depression was also supported. The results of this study are in accordance with the fear‐avoidance model, and support a biopsychosocial perspective for whiplash disorders.
Ion holes in dusty pair plasmas
Authors: SCHAMEL HANS 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe existence of Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal (BGK)-like trapped ion modes in dusty plasmas is investigated by means of the pseudo-potential method applied to the Vlasov–Poisson system. The nonlinear dispersion relation, determining the phase velocity, and the pseudo-potential, representing the wave form and hence its spectral decomposition, are derived and analysed with respect to the effect of dust. Dust is found to diminish the region in ω,k-space, where periodic wave solutions of fast and slow mode character exist. Localized wave solutions in the form of solitary ion holes, owing their existence to the presence of dust, coexist as well, but turn into slow ion acoustic double layers in the limit of vanishing dust.
Treating Socially Phobic Youth with CBT: Differential Outcomes and Treatment Considerations
Authors: Crawley Sarah A. , Beidas Rinad S. , Benjamin Courtney L. , Martin Erin , Kendall Philip C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSocial phobia (SP) is characterized by a fear of one or more social or performance situations. Studies of comorbidity in SP youth find anxiety and affective disorders co-occurring. The present study examined children with primary SP and compared them to children with primary Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) or Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) prior to treatment and in response to treatment. The groups differed significantly on self-, parent- and teacher-rated pretreatment measures. Additionally, the two groups showed differential treatment outcomes. When the SP youth with comorbid Affective Disorder were excluded in treatment outcome analyses, there were non significant differences, indicating that comorbid affective disorders likely contributed to differential treatment outcome. Results are discussed in terms of treatment recommendations for socially phobic youth.
Value and significance in archaeology
Authors: Samuels Kathryn Lafrenz 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe concept of value increasingly fills archaeological debates. An examination of how value works within the diverse practices of archaeology (reconstructions of the past, heritage management and self-reflexive critique) provides an integrating factor to these debates. Through a genealogy of value in the management of material heritage, I highlight how ‘significance’ has been institutionalized from contingent forms, and the ‘the past’ rendered an object. Moreover, I follow the translation of these management procedures from the national to the global stage to highlight the emergence of economic significance in international heritage management. Providing an alternative approach to significance, the anthropological work of Weiner and Graeber locates value within practices that manage material heritage. These theories provocatively suggest that archaeological practice and heritage management are one and the same, both capable of producing value. This requires archaeologists to reconsider their discipline, and the contemporary contexts and situated ethical conditions of their work.
STRONGLY IRREDUCIBLE IDEALS
Authors: AZIZI A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA proper ideal I of a ring R is said to be strongly irreducible if for each pair of ideals A and B of R, $A\cap B \subseteq I$ implies that either $A \subseteq I$ or $B \subseteq I$. In this paper we study strongly irreducible ideals in different rings. The relations between strongly irreducible ideals of a ring and strongly irreducible ideals of localizations of the ring are also studied. Furthermore, a topology similar to the Zariski topology related to strongly irreducible ideals is introduced. This topology has the Zariski topology defined by prime ideals as one of its subspace topologies.