bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Phenotype and Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Expression in Cocultures of Dorsal Root Ganglion and Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: Wang Lihong , Liu Zhen , Liu Huaxiang , Wan Yu , Wang Huaijing , Li Zhenzhong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe neuropeptide‐immunoreactive (IR) and neurofilament‐IR neurons are two major phenotypical classes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk)A, TrkB, and TrkC are three members of the Trk family which may be relevant to neuronal phenotypes. Whether target skeletal muscle cells generate their expression remains unclear. Neurons containing substance P (SP), calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), neurofilament 200 (NF‐200), TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC were quantified using immunohistochemistry in rat DRG neuronal cultures and cocultures of DRG neurons and skeletal muscle cells. The percentage of NF‐200 and TrkC‐expressing neurons in cocultures of DRG neurons and skeletal muscle cells was significantly higher, 26.86% ± 3.17% (NF‐200) and 27.74% ± 3.63% (TrkC) compared with 20.92% ± 1.98% (NF‐200) and 16.70% ± 3.68% (TrkC) in DRG cultures; whereas the percentage of SP, CGRP, TrkA, and TrkB‐expressing neurons was not changed significantly by the addition of target skeletal muscle cells. Thus, target skeletal muscle cells may influence neurofilament‐phenotype and TrkC receptor but not neuropeptide‐phenotype and TrkA and TrkB receptors. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Three‐Dimensional Arrangement of the Myocytes Aggregated Together Within the Mammalian Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: Smerup Morten , Nielsen Eva , Agger Peter , Frandsen Jesper , Vestergaard‐Poulsen Peter , Andersen Johnnie , Nyengaard Jens , Pedersen Michael , Ringgaard Steffen , Hjortdal Vibeke , Lunkenheimer Paul P. , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough myocardial architecture has been investigated extensively, as yet no evidence exists for the anatomic segregation of discrete myocardial pathways. We performed post‐mortem diffusion tensor imaging on 14 pig hearts. Pathway tracking was done from 22 standardized voxel groups from within the left ventricle, the left ventricular papillary muscles, and the right ventricular outflow tract. We generated pathways with comparable patterns in the different hearts when tracking from all chosen voxels. We were unable to demonstrate discrete circular or longitudinal pathways, nor to trace any solitary tract of myocardial cells extending throughout the ventricular mass. Instead, each pathway possessed endocardial, midwall, and epicardial components, merging one into another in consistent fashion. Endocardial tracks, when followed towards the basal or apical parts of the left ventricle, changed smoothly their helical and transmural angulations, becoming continuous with circular pathways in the midwall, these circular tracks further transforming into epicardial tracks, again by smooth change of the helical and transmural angles. Tracks originating from voxels in the papillary muscles behaved similarly to endocardial tracks. This is the first study to show myocardial pathways that run through the mammalian left and right ventricles in a highly reproducible manner according to varying local helical and transmural intrusion angles. The patterns generated are an inherent feature of the three‐dimensional arrangement of the individual myocytes aggregated within the walls, differing according to the regional orientation and branching of individual myocytes. We found no evidence to support the existence of individual muscles or bands. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Intracerebroventricular Injection of Iron Dextran on the Iron Concentration and Divalent Metal Transporter 1 Expression in the Caudate Putamen and Substantia Nigra of Rats
Authors: Yu Peng , Chang Yan‐zhong , Miao Wei , Wang Shu‐min , Cui Rui , Qian Zhong‐ming , Ke Ya , Duan Xiang‐lin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe cellular localization of DMT1 and its functional characterization suggest that DMT1 may play an important role in the physiological brain iron transport. But the regulation of DMT1 expression by iron in the brain is still not clearly understood. In this study, both the contents of ferric and ferrous iron as well as DMT1 expression were evaluated in CPu and SN after ICV of 500 μg iron dextran/rat/day for 3 or 7 days. It was found that the iron levels in CPu and SN were not altered obviously until ICV for 7 days. Immunohistochemistry results indicated that the expression of DMT1 (−IRE) in CPu and SN was not altered significantly after 3 days of ICV. Whereas the expression of DMT1 (−IRE) decreased significantly after 7 days of ICV when ferrous iron was increased significantly. Contrary to that of DMT1 (−IRE) in the same regions, there were no significant alterations in DMT1 (+IRE) expression in CPu and SN in spite of the existence of the altered iron levels, compared with that of control groups. The results demonstrate that DMT1 (−IRE) expression was correlated probably with brain iron levels; especially, its regulation was correlated with ferrous iron (not ferric iron) in CPu and SN in adult rats, compared with those of saline‐injected control rats. The effect of ferrous iron on the expression of DMT1 (−IRE) in the brain also suggests that it might play a major physiological role in brain iron uptake and transport, but further studies are needed to clarify these issues. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of the Newly Synthesized 2‐Xanthone Derivatives
Authors: Marona Henryk , Szkaradek Natalia , Karczewska Elzbieta , Trojanowska Danuta , Budak Alicja , Bober Piotr , Przepiórka Waldemar , Cegla Marek , Szneler Edward 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA series of 2‐substituted xanthone derivatives 8–20 containing selected allyl, cinnamyl, morpholine, and imidazole moieties were synthesized and tested for their antifungal and antibacterial in‐vitro properties. Of the newly synthesized derivatives, ten revealed antifungal activity especially against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (the biggest inhibition zones ranged 35 mm for 11 and 13). 2‐(3‐(Allylamino)propoxy)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one hydrochloride 9 inhibited growth of all of the examined fungal species. Significant efficacy against evaluated yeasts and dermatophytes was also observed for 6‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one derivatives 11–13 containing encyclic amine moieties. Additionally, compounds 9, 11, and 12 hindered development of bacteria species but in a lesser degree. They were efficacious against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis.
New 1H‐Pyrazole‐4‐Carboxamides with Antiplatelet Activity
Authors: Rehse Klaus , Kotthaus Joscha , Khadembashi Laleh 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNine title compounds were synthesized and investigated in the Born test for their antiplatelet activities against collagen, ADP, adrenaline, and platelet activating factor (PAF) as inducers of the aggregation. Using collagen three compounds with IC50 values below 100 μM were found (3b, 3e, 3i). Activities in nanomolar concentrations were observed against ADP (3b, IC50 = 9.4 nM), adrenaline (3i, IC50 = 5.8 nM), and platelet activating factor (3e, IC50 = 0.45 nM).
Efficacy of immobilized polyplexes and lipoplexes for substrate‐mediated gene delivery
Authors: Bengali Zain , Rea Jennifer C. , Gibly Romie F. , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNon‐viral gene delivery by immobilization of complexes to cell‐adhesive biomaterials, a process termed substrate‐mediated delivery, has many in vitro research applications such as transfected cell arrays or models of tissue growth. In this report, we quantitatively investigate the efficiency of gene delivery by surface immobilization, and compare this efficiency to the more typical bolus delivery. The ability to immobilize vectors while allowing cellular internalization is impacted by the biomaterial and vector properties. Thus, to compare this efficiency between vector types and delivery methods, transfection conditions were initially identified that maximized transgene expression. For surface delivery from tissue culture polystyrene, DNA complexes were immobilized to pre‐adsorbed serum proteins prior to cell seeding, while for bolus delivery, complexes were added to the media above adherent cells. Mathematical modeling of vector binding, release, and cell association using a two‐site model indicated that the kinetics of polyplex binding to cells was faster than for lipoplexes, yet both vectors have a half‐life on the surface of approximately 17 min. For bolus and surface delivery, the majority of the DNA in the system remained in solution or on the surface, respectively. For polyplexes, the efficiency of trafficking of cell‐associated polyplexes to the nucleus for surface delivery is similar or less than bolus delivery, suggesting that surface immobilization may decrease the activity of the complex. The efficiency of nuclear association for cell‐associated lipoplexes is similar or greater for surface delivery relative to bolus. These studies suggest that strategies to enhance surface delivery for polyplexes should target the vector design to enhance its potency, whereas enhancing lipoplex delivery should target the material design to increase internalization. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1679–1691. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of varying electron donors on the molecular microbial ecology and biokinetics of methylotrophic denitrifying bacteria
Authors: Baytshtok Vladimir , Lu Huijie , Park Hongkeun , Kim Sungpyo , Yu Ran , Chandran Kartik 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe goal of this study was to identify bacterial populations that assimilated methanol in a denitrifying sequencing batch reactor (SBR), using stable isotope probing (SIP) of 13C labeled DNA and quantitatively track changes in these populations upon changing the electron donor from methanol to ethanol in the SBR feed. Based on SIP derived 13C 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, dominant SBR methylotrophic bacteria were related to Methyloversatilis spp. and Hyphomicrobium spp. These methylotrophic populations were quantified via newly developed real‐time PCR assays. Upon switching the electron donor from methanol to ethanol, Hyphomicrobium spp. concentrations decreased significantly in accordance with their obligately methylotrophic nutritional mode. In contrast, Methyloversatilis spp. concentrations were relatively unchanged, in accordance with their ability to assimilate both methanol and ethanol. Direct assimilation of ethanol by Methyloversatilis spp. but not Hyphomicrobium spp. was also confirmed via SIP. The reduction in methylotrophic bacterial concentration upon switching to ethanol was paralleled by a significant decrease in the methanol supported denitrification biokinetics of the SBR on nitrate. In sum, the results of this study demonstrate that the metabolic capabilities (methanol assimilation and metabolism) and substrate specificity (obligately or facultatively methylotrophic) of two distinct methylotrophic bacterial populations contributed to their survival or washout in denitrifying bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1527–1536. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of fetal canine cardiac myocyte survival in a dual‐side flow bioreactor with modeled hypoxia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Moore Sandra K. , Kleis Stanley J. , Geng Yong‐Jian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study introduces a new experimental model of hypoxia/reperfusion injury using a newly developed bioreactor system. The injury is introduced and kept localized via fluid dynamic manipulation. Using low Reynolds number fluid flow, regions of the culture can be injured while maintaining physiological conditions in the remaining culture. This approach enables both normal and injured cells within the same monolayer to be investigated side‐by‐side. The current study evaluated the ability of the model to induce localized reperfusion injury in a monolayer of fetal canine cardiomyocytes (FCCs). Significant apoptosis was found in the hypoxia/reperfusion‐injured but not normal‐flow regions of the myocyte cultures. The model holds the potential to help elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of hypoxic/reperfusion insults in myocardium. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 199–206. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Governance and the decision to issue a profit warning
Authors: Francoeur Claude , Labelle Réal , Martinez Isabelle 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe theoretical concept of agency costs developed by Jensen and Meckling (1976) and Jensen (2005) are used to study the relationship between the quality of a firm's governance and its decision to issue a profit warning (PW) when it is overvalued. Based on a sample of Canadian companies between 2000 and 2004, results were only partially supportive of the hypotheses. The characteristics of the board seem to play only a secondary role in the decision to issue a profit warning when the firm is overvalued. On the other hand, as expected, governance mechanisms that factor in market values to align the interests of managers and directors with those of shareholders are negatively related to the profit warning decision. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La gouvernance : quel impact sur la décision d'alerte aux résultats?
Authors: Francoeur Claude , Labelle Réal , Martinez Isabelle 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe theoretical concept of agency costs developed by Jensen and Meckling (1976) and Jensen (2005) are used to study the relationship between the quality of a firm's governance and its decision to issue a profit warning (PW) when it is overvalued. Based on a sample of Canadian companies between 2000 and 2004, results were only partially supportive of the hypotheses. The characteristics of the board seem to play only a secondary role in the decision to issue a profit warning when the firm is overvalued. On the other hand, as expected, governance mechanisms that factor in market values to align the interests of managers and directors with those of shareholders are negatively related to the profit warning decision. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential therapy with sorafenib and sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Dudek Arkadiusz Z. , Zolnierek Jakub , Dham Anu , Lindgren Bruce R. , Szczylik Cezary 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Sunitinib and sorafenib are small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) with antitumor activity in advanced renal cell carcinoma. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the response of renal cell carcinoma to sequential treatment with these two agents.METHODS:Tumor response was evaluated by using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria in patients failing first‐line therapy with either sunitinib or sorafenib and subsequently receiving second‐line therapy with the other TKI agent.RESULTS:Twenty‐nine patients received sorafenib followed by sunitinib (Group A), and 20 patients received sunitinib followed by sorafenib (Group B). TKI drugs were terminated in 6 (12%) patients in Group A and 4 (8%) in Group B because of toxicity. Median duration of stable disease for Groups A and B was 20 and 9.5 weeks, respectively. Median time from starting first TKI to disease progression after second TKI (time to progression) in Groups A and B was 78 and 37 weeks, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that Group B had a shorter time to progression than Group A (risk ratio [RR] 3.0; P = .016). Median overall survival was 102 and 45 weeks in Groups A and B, respectively (P = .061).CONCLUSIONS:The longer duration of disease control in patients who received sorafenib followed by sunitinib warrants further investigation. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Studies related to antibody fragment (Fab) production in Escherichia coli W3110 fed‐batch fermentation processes using multiparameter flow cytometry
Authors: Want Andrew , Thomas Owen R. T. , Kara Bo , Liddell John , Hewitt Christopher J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMicrobiology is important to industry therefore rapid and statistically representative measurements of cell physiological state, proliferation, and viability are essential if informed decisions about fermentation bioprocess optimization or control are to be made, because process performance will depend largely on the number of metabolically active viable cells. Samples of recombinant Escherichia coli W3110, containing the gene for the D1.3 anti‐lysozyme Fab fragment under the control of the lac‐based expression system, were taken at various stages from fed‐batch fermentation processes and stained with a mixture of bis‐(1,3‐dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and propidium iodide (PI/BOX). Where appropriate, measurements of dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), OD600nm and Fab concentration were made. Depending on time of induction the maximum amount of Fab accumulating in the supernatant varied quite markedly from 1 to 4 μg ml−1 as did subsequent cell physiological state with respect to PI/BOX staining with a concomitant drop in maximum biomass concentration. Depending on point of induction a fourfold increase in Fab production could be achieved accompanied by a ∼50% drop in maximum biomass concentration but with a higher proportion of viable cells as measured by multiparameter flow cytometry. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Bio‐Inspired Bottom‐Up Assembly of Diatom‐Templated Ordered Porous Metal Chalcogenide Meso/Nanostructures
Authors: Zhou Han , Fan Tongxiang , Li Xufan , Ding Jian , Zhang Di , Li Xuesong , Gao Yahui 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe put forward a novel and straightforward sonochemical process as a generic bottom‐up assembly routeto produce ordered porous metal chalcogenide meso/nanostructures by templating of diatom frustules. We work with one of the most beautiful species of diatoms, Coscinodiscus lineatus, as a representative of diatoms with central symmetry, and with ZnS as the prototype, as it is a high refractive index material and is a typical material widely used in optics and photonics. ZnS replicas have been successfully synthesized from the interaction between the reactive surfaces of the frustules and the precursors under ultrasound. The inorganic replicas copy the morphology of the ordered porous structure and inherit its optical property, such as the existence of the photonic bandgap of the diatom frustules. It is possible to achieve tunable photonic properties in the replicas by assembly of various metal chalcogenide semiconductors of different refractive indexes. This bio‐inspired discovery provides insight into the facile synthesis of elaborate meso/nanostructures from these marine microbes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Unexpected Formation of Ferrocene‐Containing Indolizines by Tandem Cyclization–Activation Reactions Induced by Silver Salts
Authors: Aguado Javier E. , Cativiela Carlos , Gimeno M. Concepción , Jones Peter G. , Laguna Antonio , Sarroca Cristina 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSilver salts are used as promoters for the cyclization to novel ferrocene‐containing indolizine systems in only one step and with the simultaneous activation of the 7‐position of theheterocyclic ring. The reaction of 2‐[3‐(ferrocenyl)‐1‐oxoprop‐2‐enyl]pyridine with [Ag(OTf)(PR3)] (OTf = trifluoromethylsulfonate; PR3 = PPh3, PPh2Me) occurs with the precipitation of metallic silver and formation of the indolizine system. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Optimal airfoil shapes for low Reynolds number flows
Authors: Srinath D. N. , Mittal S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFlow over NACA 0012 airfoil is studied at α = 4∘ and 12∘ for Re⩽500. It is seen that the flow is very sensitive to Re. A continuous adjoint based method is formulated and implemented for the design of airfoils at low Reynolds numbers. The airfoil shape is parametrized with a non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS). Optimization studies are carried out using different objective functions namely: (1) minimize drag, (2) maximize lift, (3) maximize lift to drag ratio, (4) minimize drag and maximize lift and (5) minimize drag at constant lift. The effect of Reynolds number and definition of the objective function on the optimization process is investigated. Very interesting shapes are discovered at low Re. It is found that, for the range of Re studied, none of the objective functions considered show a clear preference with respect to the maximum lift that can be achieved. The five objective functions result in fairly diverse geometries. With the addition of an inverse constraint on the volume of the airfoil the range of optimal shapes, produced by different objective functions, is smaller. The non‐monotonic behavior of the objective functions with respect to the design variables is demonstrated. The effect of the number of design parameters on the optimal shapes is studied. As expected, richer design space leads to geometries with better aerodynamic properties. This study demonstrates the need to consider several objective functions to achieve an optimal design when an algorithm that seeks local optima is used. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shan‐and‐Chen‐type multiphase lattice Boltzmann study of viscous coupling effects for two‐phase flow in porous media
Authors: Huang Haibo , Li Zhitao , Liu Shuaishuai , Lu Xi‐yun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the Shan–Chen‐type (SC) multiphase lattice Boltzmann model was used to study the viscous coupling effects for immiscible two‐phase flow in porous media. In the model, any typical equation of state can be incorporated and different contact angles of the gas–liquid interface at a solid wall can be obtained easily through adjusting the ‘density of wall’ (Benzi et al., Phys. Rev. E 2006; 74(2):021509). The viscous coupling effects due to capillary number, the viscosity ratio and the wetting angle were investigated. The two‐phase flows with density ratio as high as 56 in porous media were simulated. For different viscosity ratios and wettability, two‐phase flow patterns and relative‐permeability curves as a function of wetting saturation were obtained. It is observed that when the wetting phase is less viscous and covers the solid surface, the relative permeability of the non‐wetting phase may be greater than unity. Here, the SC model is demonstrated as a suitable tool to study the immiscible two‐phase flow in porous media because it is simple, easy to get the desired contact angle and able to simulate immiscible phase flow with high‐density ratio. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retail default prediction by using sequential minimal optimization technique
Authors: Hu Yu‐Chiang , Ansell Jake 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper employed sequential minimal optimization (SMO) to develop default prediction model in the US retail market. Principal components analysis is used for variable reduction purposes. Four standard credit scoring techniques—naïve Bayes, logistic regression, recursive partitioning and artificial neural network—are compared to SMO, using a sample of 195 healthy firms and 51 distressed firms over five time periods between 1994 and 2002. The five techniques perform well in predicting default particularly one year before financial distress. Furthermore, the prediction still remains sound even 5 years before default. No single methodology has the absolute best classification ability, as the model performance varies in terms of different time periods and variable groups. External influences have greater impacts on the naïve Bayes than other techniques. In terms of similarity with Moody's ranking, SMO excelled over other techniques in most of the time periods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.