bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal intra‐abdominal calcifications from meconium peritonitis: sonographic predictors of postnatal surgery
Authors: Zangheri Giulia , Andreani Marianna , Ciriello Elena , Urban Gabriele , Incerti Maddalena , Vergani Patrizia 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relationship between prenatal ultrasound features and postnatal course of meconium peritonitis.Study DesignWe reviewed our cohort of cases of meconium peritonitis (MP) (n = 13/37, 225 pregnancies or 0.3/1000) as well as those published in the English literature with prenatal ultrasonographic findings and postnatal follow‐up (n = 56). The total number of cases (n = 69) was divided into 4 grades of progressive severity based on the number of pertinent sonographic findings: grade 0, isolated intra‐abdominal calcifications (n = 18); grade 1, intra‐abdominal calcifications and ascites (n = 17) or pseudocyst (n = 2) or bowel dilatation (n = 6); grade 2, two associated findings (n = 20); and grade 3, all sonographic features (n = 6). Presence of polyhydramnios was also recorded. Prenatal predictors of need for neonatal surgery and risk of neonatal death were identified using Chi‐square and Fisher exact test, with P < 0.05 considered significant.ResultsNeonatal surgical intervention was required in 0% (0/18) of newborns with grade 0 MP; in 52% (13/25) of those with grade 1; in 80% (16/20) with grade 2; and in 100% (6/6) with grade 3 MP (P < 0.001, Chi‐square for trend). Moreover, neonatal surgery was more frequent in the presence than absence of polyhydramnios [69% (18/26) vs 37% (16/43); P = 0.007]. Neonatal mortality was 6% (4/69; 3 after surgery and 1 for premature delivery) and it was confined to the subgroup with polyhydramnios (4/26, 15%).ConclusionsPrenatal sonographic features are related to postnatal outcome. Persistently isolated intra‐abdominal calcifications have an excellent outcome. Delivery in a tertiary care center is recommended when calcifications are associated with other sonographic findings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orthogonal coordinates for the dynamics of four bodies and for the representation of potentials of tetra‐atomic molecules
Authors: Ragni Mirco , Bitencourt Ana Carla P. , Aquilanti Vincenzo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe discuss systems of orthogonal coordinates for the dynamical treatment of four particles, generated by making extensive use of the concept of kinematic rotations, which act on coordinates of the particles and are represented by matrices only dependent on their masses. The explicit representations of the kinetic rotation matrices are given: this allows us to define alternative particle schemes, such as those based on the Jacobi and Radau‐Smith vectors, as well as on mixed types of vectors, of possible interest for specific molecules or aggregates. A list is given of relevant formulas connecting these coordinate sets to the geometrical parameters (internuclear distances, bond and dihedral angles) of use for the representation of the potential energy surface of four atomic systems. Applications are indicated for molecular and cluster physics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Rapeseed protein concentrate preparation and evaluation
Authors: Jones J. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRapeseed is a major oilseed crop in Canada. Many investigators have turned their attention to use of protein left in the meal after oil extraction. However, the meal contains goitrogenic substances which must be removed or inactivated before the meal can be used as a potential protein source for food and feed. A water extraction process has been developed which removes over 90% of the glycosinolates and which results in a protein concentrate having an essential amino acid balance that has been shown by nutritional evaluation to be superior to any other known oilseed protein. However, in highly stressed animals being fed rapeseed protein as the only protein source, a zinc deficiency readily manifests itself, especially with pregnant rats. The zinc deficiency syndrome is readily overcome by supplementing the diets of pregnant rats with zinc in amounts sufficient to complex the phytic acid present in the protein concentrate. This approach appears to be more practical for overcoming the adverse effects of phytates than attempting to remove them by processing treatments. This contribution demonstrates the extensive studies necessary before a protein from a source known to possess toxic and antinutritional factors can be accepted as a food ingredient.
Oilseed phytates: Nutritional implications
Authors: Erdman J. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe protein quantity and quality, caloric value, and overall nutrient content of oilseeds are quite good. However, oilseeds are high in phytic acid and contain fiber and perhaps other binding agents which reduce mineral bioavailability from the seeds. Phytic acid, the hexaphosphate of myoinositol, functions as the chief storage form of phosphate and inositol in mature seeds. On a dry basis, whole oilseeds contain about 1.5% while some oilseed protein concentrates can contain over 7.0% of the compound. Phytic acid is a strong chelating agent that can bind mono‐ and divalent metal ions to form the complex phytate. Published results from numerous animal feeding trials suggest poor bioavailability of minerals such as zinc, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and possibly iron from diets containing high phytate foods. Recent studies involving the feeding of soy products to rats suggest that zinc is the mineral of most concern as its bioavailability from some soy products is quite low. Prediction of mineral bioavailability from phytate‐containing foods is complicated by the complex interactions between the minerals and phytic acid contained in the foods, intestinal and the meal phytase activities, previous food processing conditions (especially pH), digestibility of the foods as well as the physiological status of the consumer of the foods. Very little is known about the chemistry of such interactions. Therefore, most of the emphasis in controlling or reducing mineral binding in oilseed products has been placed upon development of methodology for phytate removal.
Determination of diester formation in diethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol monoesters
Authors: Parris N. , Weil J. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPolyethylene glycol monoesters on standing rearrange to form diesters. The formation of diester in monoester samples stored at 3 C, 25 C, and 37 C, respectively, for approximately 3 months was determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in less than one‐half hour. Formation of diester increased with increasing storage temperature, regardless of the chemical nature of the
Occurrence of punicic acid inTrichosanthes bracteata andTrichosanthes nervifolia seed oils
Authors: Lakshminarayana G. , Rao K. Sundar , Klttur M. H. , Mahajanshetty C. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe seeds ofTrichosanthes bracteata andTrichosanthes nervifolia (Cucurbitaceae) contained 31.6 and 27.9% oil and 18.8 and 16.7% protein, respectively. Spectral, chromatographic and chemical analyses showed the punicic acid to occur to an extent of 41.8% inT. bracteata and 51.7% inT. nervifolia seed oils.
Catalytic behavior of palladium in the hydrogenation of edible oils
Authors: Hsu N. , Dlosady L. L. , Rubin L. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPalladium supported on alumina was used to hydrogenate soybean and canola oil. Previous literature reports indicated that palladium forms moretrans isomers than nickel. At 750 psig, 50 ppm palladium, and at 70 C, only 9.4%trans were formed when canola oil was hydrogenated to IV 74. In general, high pressure and low temperature favored lowtrans formation with no appreciable loss in catalyst activity. The effect of pressure, temperature and catalyst concentration on reaction rate,trans formation and selectivity is presented. A survey of various catalyst supports is discussed. Apparent activation energies of 6.3 to 8.9 kcal/mol were obtained; they are in good agreement with values reported in the literature.
Turbidimetric measurement of wax in sunflower oil
Authors: Moulton K. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWax content in sunflower oil may be estimated quickly at room temperature by a turbidimetric method. Five ml of a throughly mixed oil/solvent mixture is transferred to a 13‐mm sample vial and inserted in a turbidimeter. Instrument reading are converted directly to wax content in the original suflower oil by means of a correlation equation. This rapid method can be used over a wider range of wax values than previous methods.
Flavor evaluation of crude oil to predict the quality of soybean oil
Authors: Warner K. , Frankel E. N. , Moulton K. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractReliable methods for evaluation of crude oils are needed to assist processing and to improve flavor quality of finished products. The quality of crude oils from soybeans of different sources and treatments was determined by sensory evaluation and by capillary gas chromatographic (GC) analyses of volatiles. Taste panelists were specially trained in using a new technique to evaluate crude oils by dilution and comparison with freshly deodorized oils. The flavor quality of crude oils from untempered soybeans was significantly poorer than that of oils from soybeans steam‐tempered at 104 C for four min. Capillary GC analyses of total volatiles and hexanal correlated well with differences in flavor quality and stability. Crude oils extracted from soybeans damaged by storage at 45 C and 13% moisture received decreasing flavor scores with prolonged storage time. Similarlly, hexanal and total volatile contents increased with storage times. Commercial crude oils from several geographic locations showed a wide range in flavor scores. However, flavor scores of crude oils showed good agreement with flavor stabilities (decrease in flavor scores after storage at 60 C) of the corresponding oils after refining, bleaching, and deodorization. Therefore, the combined use, of sensory evaluations and GC‐volatile analyses of crude oils can provide convenient, rapid, sensitive and reliable screening methods to assist in improving the quality of finished soybean oils by controlling soybean storage and processing.
Removal of sulfur compounds from canola oil
Authors: Abraham V. , deMan J. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effect of a number of physical methods for the removal of sulfur compounds from canola oil was investigated. The methods tested included laboratory deodorization and use of catalyst and of bleaching earth. Nine temperature‐time combinations were used for the deodorization. Bleaching earth had little effect on the removal of sulfur compounds from the oil. Other methods removed part of the sulfur. High temperature, longer time and high vacuum for deodorization facilitated the complete removal of volatile sulfur compounds. Treatment of oil with catalyst removed most of the volatile sulfur and part of the Raney nickel sulfur.
Trimethylsilyl Derivatization/Gas Chromatography as a Method to Determine the Free Fatty Acid Content of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Wan Peter J. , Dowd Michael K. , Thomas Audrey E. , Butler Boyce H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThirty‐one samples of vegetable oils were analyzed for free fatty acid (FFA) concentration by titration against sodium hydroxide and by trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization followed by gas chromatography (GC). In preliminary experiments, two silylation chemistries and three GC stationary phases were tested for TMS fatty acid ester formation and separation. No ideal combination of conditions was identified; however, hexamethyldisilazane with an acid catalyst and a non‐polar J & W DB‐5 column were chosen for comparison of the two approaches. Over the range of FFA values studied (0.04–12%), the results from the two methods were highly correlated (R > +0.996) and were generally in good agreement. However, values from the chromatographic method were slightly lower than values obtained by titration for the crude oil samples (which had higher FFA levels). For oils with >0.4% FFA, the GC approach was slightly less reproducible (average coefficient of variance of ~3%) compared with the titration approach (average coefficient of variance of ~1.4%). For oils with <0.4% FFA, the coefficients of variance were higher (8–9%) and comparable between the methods.
Genetik der nichtsyndromalen Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten
Authors: Mangold E. 
Published: July 2007

ZusammenfassungDie Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte (LKG) stellt eine der häufigsten angeborenen Fehlbildungen dar. Etwa 50–60% der LKG-Fälle sind nichtsyndromal und in der Regel genetisch komplex vererbt. Assoziations- und Kopplungsanalysen ergaben eine Reihe von Kandidatengenen bzw. -regionen, wobei bislang nur wenige Befunde in unabhängigen Stichproben unterstützt werden konnten. Zur Anwendung in der medizinischen Routine eignen sich die bisherigen Erkenntnisse über genetische Faktoren noch nicht. Die langfristig zu erwartende Identifizierung aller ursächlichen Gene und exogenen Faktoren wird ein umfassendes Verständnis der pathophysiologischen Ursachen ermöglichen und zur Entwicklung neuer Präventionsstrategien beitragen.
Dietary Selenium for the counteraction of oxidative damage: fortified foods or supplements?
Authors: Bordoni Alessandra , Danesi Francesca , Malaguti Marco , Di Nunzio Mattia , Pasqui Francesca , Maranesi Magda , Luigi Biagi Pier 
Published: July 2007

Since any significant modification in the Se status, leading to changes in the activity of the seleno-enzymes, may have important consequences on the susceptibility of tissues to oxidative stress, considerable efforts have been made upon increasing Se dietary intake. In this respect, an important debate is still open about the bioavailability and the effectiveness of Se, and more generally nutrients, in supplements compared with foods. Using male Wistar rats, we have compared the effectiveness of two different diets in which an adequate Se content (0·1 mg/kg) was achieved by adding the element as sodium selenite or as component of a lyophilized Se-enriched food, in the counteraction of an oxidative stress induced by intraperitoneal administration of adriamycin. Both Se-enriched diets were able to reduce the consequences of the oxidative stress in liver, mainly by increasing glutathione peroxidase activity. This increase was more evident in rats fed on the diet enriched with the lyophilized food, probably due to the different chemical forms of Se, or to other components of the food itself. Although further studies are needed, data herein presented may contribute to the characterization of the effectiveness of Se from different sources, foods or supplements, in the light of dietary advice to the population concerning improvement of Se intake.
Effect of pruning on growth, leaf yield and pod yields of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench)
Authors: OLASANTAN F. O. , SALAU A. W. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYYoung leaves and pods of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench) are edible, and so a crop management strategy for removing edible leaves while sustaining good pod yields is required. Pruning treatments were imposed on apically debudded okra plants for 3 years to assess effects of removing a quarter, half or three-quarters of the primary branches on growth and fresh leaf and pod yields. Pruning significantly (P<0·05) delayed fruiting by 8–10 days, extended length of harvest duration by 12–15 days and increased number of pods/plant by 10–40% and pod yield by 9–36% more than the control plants which had neither apical bud removal nor pruning. However, no difference in pod weight or pod length was found between these treatments and the control. Three-quarters pruning significantly (P<0·05) increased fresh leaf yield by 29–49%, but not all the leaves were desirable for consumption because of high fibre content. Decreases were seen in the numbers of secondary branches, shoot dry weight and pod yields (by 40–57, 22–36 and 22–30%, respectively, more than a quarter or half pruning). Although early production of pods in the control plants is often important for early maturity and high market prices, the present study found that a delay in fruiting, an extension in length of harvest duration and an increase in pod yield in plants with a quarter or half pruning enhanced staggered production and maximal pod yield. This helps to ensure a better market price and to enable growers avoid a glut on the market. A direct promotional effect of pruning on pod yields provides a possible strategy for growing okra for both leaf and pod harvests. A quarter or half pruning from the upper parts of the main stems of apically debudded plants to ensure good production and quality of leaves and pods is therefore recommended if okra is to be grown for both leaf and pod yields.
Effects of periparturient systemic treatment with penethamate hydriodide on udder health and milk yield of dairy heifers
Authors: Kreiger Martina , Friton Gabriele M , Hofer Johannes , Fuchs Klemens , Winter Petra 
Published: July 2007

Sixty dairy heifers from seven Austrian herds, with high prevalence ofStaphylococcus aureusmastitis, were used in this pilot study. Heifers were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group received at parturition intramuscularly 10 million i.u. of penethamate hydriodide and then 24 h later, 5 million i.u.; the control group received no treatment. Bacteriological examination was conducted on 7, 14, 21, 35 and 49 d post partum (pp) and milk yield data, fat and protein contents and SCC data were collected every 5th week for the first 200 d of lactation. Occurrence of retained placenta and endometritis were recorded, and the days open of both groups were compared. No effect was observed on the postparturient genital tract health and reproduction indicators. On day 7 pp, four intramammary infections (IMI; two severe clinical; one mild clinical; and one subclinical mastitis) were detected in the untreated control group, whereas there were no IMI in the antibiotic-treated group. At subsequent samplings, there were fewer IMI in the antibiotic-treated group, which were later in lactation, less severe and less persistent. Although SCC was numerically lower in the treatment group, significant differences in SCC between groups could not be detected. Antibiotic-treated heifers produced significantly more milk during the first 15 weeks of lactation than untreated heifers. Over the whole observation period (200 d), peripartum antibiotic-treated heifers produced 323 kg more milk than heifers in the untreated control. Periparturient antibiotic treatment of heifers with penethamate hydriodide prevented IMI during the first week after parturition and achieved a significant increase in milk yield, which was found to be economically beneficial.
Transnasal oesophagoscopy-guided in-office secondary tracheoesophageal puncture
Authors: Doctor V S , Enepekides D J , Farwell D G , Belafsky P C 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:Tracheoesophageal puncture is recognised as an effective and reliable method for voice restoration following total laryngectomy. Several techniques have been described, ranging from rigid oesophagoscopy under general anaesthesia to more recent endoscopic techniques utilising intravenous sedation or local anaesthetic. We describe our technique for secondary tracheoesophageal puncture utilising unsedated transnasal oesophagoscopy in an office setting.Method:Retrospective review of all total laryngectomy patients undergoing in-office transnasal oesophagoscopy-assisted tracheoesophageal puncture between October 1 2004 and December 31 2006.Results:Eleven patients undergoing transnasal oesophagoscopy-guided tracheoesophageal puncture were identified. Successful tracheoesophageal puncture placement was achieved in 10 of 11 patients (91 per cent). In one patient tracheoesophageal puncture could not be performed due to anatomic constraints. One patient had bleeding from the puncture site requiring silver nitrate cautery. All patients tolerated the procedure well. Voice results were satisfactory in all cases.Conclusions:Transnasal oesophagoscopy-guided tracheoesophageal puncture provides a simple, safe option for secondary voice rehabilitation in laryngectomy patients.
Ion acceleration by multiple laser pulses and their spontaneous electromagnetic fields in plasma
Authors: CHEN FEN-CE 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe acceleration of ions by multiple laser pulses and their spontaneously generated electric and magnetic fields is investigated by using an analytical model for the latter. The relativistic equations of motion of test charged particles are solved numerically. It is found that the self-generated axial electric field plays an important role in the acceleration, and the energy of heavy test ions can reach several gigaelectronvolts.
Intelligence and reasoning are not one and the same
Authors: Noveck Ira A. , Prado Jérôme 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLest the conjunction “intelligence and reasoning” seduce readers into supposing that the two are of a piece, we point out that analyses made at the superset level concerning intelligence do not readily align with or outperform the scientific advances made via investigations of reasoning, which at best can be viewed as a subset of intelligent behaviour.
The sleeping brain, the states of consciousness, and the human intelligence
Authors: Kirov Roumen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA large number of experimental results clearly indicate that sleep has an important role for human intelligence. Sleep-wake stages and their specific patterns of brain activation and neuromodulation subserve human memory, states of consciousness, and modes of information processing that strongly relate to intelligence. Therefore, human intelligence should be explained in a broader framework than is implicated by neuroimaging data alone.
The anatomy of Turinia pagei (Powrie), and the phylogenetic status of the Thelodonti
Authors: Donoghue Philip C. J. , Smith M. Paul 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTLittle is known regarding the internal anatomy of thelodonts, with most of the available information coming from a single specimen, the holotype of Turinia pagei (Powrie). Previous descriptions have led to many partial, or conflicting interpretations. Herein, we describe fully the anatomy of T. pagei based on the holotype and additional material. T. pagei possessed a branchial system composed of eight pairs of gills, a buccal/nasohypophyseal region lined with minute denticles, comparable to buccopharyngeal denticles of sharks, and possessed a stomach which is preserved by sediment infill in the holotype specimen. Contrast between the petrological character of the gut infill and the sediment in which the animal is preserved suggests that the gut was infilled in vivo and that T. pagei was probably a deposit feeder. Phylogenetic analysis resolves T. pagei and the Galeaspida as sister-taxa, comprising a sister-group to the Osteostraci plus jawed vertebrates. In contrast to the view that has prevailed hitherto, thelodonts with a dorsoventrally compressed cross-sectional profile comprise a monophyletic group, of which T. pagei is the least derived member. The furcacaudiforms are resolved as an unnatural group, one taxon being the sister taxon to the ‘conventional’ thelodont clade, and the other, the sister taxon to this clade plus galeaspids, osteostracans and jawed vertebrates. The analysis agrees with the earlier view that thelodonts lack distinct synapomorphies, but we argue that distinct synapomorphies are not a requisite of monophyly.