bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balance of inflammatory response in stable gingivitis and progressive periodontitis lesions
Authors: Honda T , Domon H , Okui T , Kajita K , Amanuma R , Yamazaki K 
Published: February 2006

SummaryThe balance between inflammatory mediators and their counter-regulatory molecules may be crucial for determining the outcome of immune pathology of periodontal diseases. Based on clinical and immunological findings, the immune response in stable gingivitis lesion is supposed to be in balance, whereas the response is skewed towards the predominance of proinflammatory reactivity in progressive periodontitis lesion. However, this hypothesis has not been verified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the gene expression profile of inflammatory mediators including proinflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory molecules, and anti-inflammatory cytokines by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in gingivitis and periodontitis lesions showing distinct clinical entities. For inflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand tended to be higher in periodontitis, whereas tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-12 p40 showed no difference. Heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) expression was up-regulated significantly in periodontitis. For anti-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression tended to be higher in periodontitis compared with gingivitis, whereas no difference was observed for IL-10 and IL-4. These findings support further our previous finding that autoimmune response to HSP60 may exert in periodontitis lesion, and suggest that perhaps subtle differences in the balance of cytokines may result in different disease expression.
IA-2 antibody isotypes and epitope specificity during the prediabetic process in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type I diabetes
Authors: Hoppu S , Härkönen T , Ronkainen M S , Simell S , Hekkala A , Toivonen A , Ilonen J , Simell O , Knip M 
Published: February 2006

SummaryThe natural history of preclinical diabetes is partly characterized, but there is still limited information on the dynamics of the immune response to β-cell autoantigens during the course of preclinical disease. The aim of this work was to assess the maturation of the humoral immune response to the protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTP)-related proteins (IA-2 and IA-2β) in preclinical type I diabetes (TID). Forty-five children participating in the Finnish Type I Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study who had seroconverted to IA-2 antibody positivity were analysed. Specific radiobinding assays were used to determine IA-2/IA-2β epitope-specific antibodies (the juxtamembrane (JM) region of IA-2, PTP-like domain and βPTP-like domain) and isotype-specific IA-2 antibodies. Individual areas under the curve (AUC) over the observation period were calculated for total IA-2 antibodies, each isotype and specific epitope responses. The children who progressed to TID tended to have an initial IA-2 JM epitope response more frequently (P = 0·06), and this response was more often dominant during the observation period (P &lt; 0·05). The children who did not progress to TID had IgE-IA-2 more frequently (70%; versus progressors 27%; P &lt; 0·05), and had higher integrated titres of IgE-IA-2 antibodies (P &lt; 0·05). The occurrence of IgE-IA-2 antibodies was protective even when combined with positivity for IA-2 JM antibodies (P = 0·002). IgE-IA-2 antibody reactivity may be a marker of a regulatory immune response providing protection against or delaying progression to TID among IA-2 antibody-positive young children with HLA-conferred disease susceptibility.
A novel model of acute liver injury in mice induced by T cell-mediated immune response to lactosylated bovine serum albumin
Authors: Xu Ling , Zhao Ying , Qin Yu , Xu Qiang 
Published: February 2006

Summary
The present study aimed to establish a murine liver injury model with T cell-mediated immune response to mimic the cellular immunological pathogenesis of hepatitis. Bovine serum albumin was conjugated with lactose by redox to prepare lactosylated bovine serum albumin (LacBSA). The liver injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice by a T cell-mediated immune response to LacBSA. After a systemic injection of LacBSA, which elicited immune response in mice sensitized twice with LacBSA, liver injury was observed with obvious increase of aminotransferase levels in serum and hepatocelluar damage in liver histology. However, the splenectomy before the elicitation significantly alleviated the liver injury. Direct contact between spleen T cells/nonparenchymal cells and hepatocytes was proved to be essential to induce the release of alanine aminotransferase in the culture supernatant. In addition, both levels of Fas mRNA in liver tissues and Fas Ligand in spleen cells were up-regulated at 6 h after the elicitation. The Fas mRNA expression was maintained in a relatively high level at 18 h while Fas Ligand began to decrease after 12 h. These results demonstrated that the T cell immune response to LacBSA could be successfully localized in the liver to induce an immunological liver injury in mice. The pathogenesis of the liver injury might involve the interaction between the liver-infiltrating lymphocytes and hepatocytes through Fas/FasL pathway.
Selection of Epstein-Barr virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be performed with B lymphoblastoid cell lines created in serum-free media
Authors: Gallot G , Vollant S , Vivien R , Clémenceau B , Ferrand C , Tiberghien P , Gaschet J , Robillard N , Vié H 
Published: February 2006

SummaryEpstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) are currently used for numerous applications in cellular immunology. Where protocols destined for clinical application are concerned, the final choice of assay is made according to a risk/benefit ratio analysis. In this balance the use of xenogenic or allogenic serum has always been a major concern, as it carries both an infectious and an immunological risk. So far, it is unknown whether serum can be omitted from the entire BLCL selection procedure. In addition, as BLCL have been described as heterogeneous, serum deprivation may affect their antigen-presenting capacity. In the present study, BLCL were generated in the absence or presence of fetal calf serum (referred to as BLCL0 or BLCLFCS, respectively). Next, in order to assess the antigen-presenting capacity of these cells, we compared the ability of BLCL0 and BLCLFCS cells to stimulate the EBV-specific repertoire of the corresponding donor’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Our results showed that addition of serum was not essential for BLCL infection and culture, and that as far as we could determine, BLCL0 cells were as effective as BLCLFCS in reactivating the EBV-specific T-cell repertoire in vitro. Notably, FCS-specific T-lymphocytes can be detected among the BLCLFCS-specific CD4+-CTL. Not only was this latter observation unexpected for an EBV-seropositive donor, but it implied that the BLCL had captured and processed the corresponding FCS-derived solubles antigens; taken together our results emphasized the interest of the possibility to generate BLCL0, both for research and for clinical applications.
Maturational alterations of peripheral T cell subsets and cytokine gene expression in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Kanaya Y , Ohga S , Ikeda K , Furuno K , Ohno T , Takada H , Kinukawa N , Hara T 
Published: February 2006

SummaryChromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a common disorder characterized by thymic hypoplasia, conotruncal cardiac defect and hypoparathyroidism. Patients have a risk of infections and autoimmunity associated with T lymphocytopenia. To assess the immunological constitution of patients, the numerical changes and cytokine profile of circulating T cells were analysed by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CD3+, CD4+, T cell receptor (TCR)αβ+ or CD8αα+ cell counts were lower, and CD56+ cell counts were higher in patients than in controls during the period from birth to adulthood. The ageing decline of CD3+ or CD4+ cell counts was slower in patients than in controls. The proportion of CD8αα+ cells increased in controls, and the slope index was larger than in patients. On the other hand, both the number and proportion of Vα24+ cells increased in patients, and the slope indexes tended to be larger than in controls. The positive correlation of the number of T cells with CD8αα+ cells was observed only in patients, and that with Vα24+ cells was seen only in controls. No gene expression levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) or forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) in T cells differed between patients and controls. There was no significant association between the lymphocyte subsets or gene expression levels and clinical phenotype including the types of cardiac disease, hypocalcaemia and frequency of infection. These results indicated that T-lymphocytopenia in 22q11.2 deletion patients became less severe with age under the altered composition of minor subsets. The balanced cytokine profile in the limited T cell pool may represent a T cell homeostasis in thymic deficiency syndrome.
Morphometrical differences between pseudo‐epitheliomatous hyperplasia in granular cell tumours and squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Abu‐Eid R , Landini G 
Published: February 2006

Aim : Granular cell tumour (GCT) is a benign tumour which occasionally induces pseudo‐epitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) of the covering epithelium, mimicking squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) invasion. PEH cells do not show marked atypia, but the presence of pseudoinvasive patterns remains a diagnostic problem since several misdiagnosed cases have been reported. This study investigated objective morphometric criteria to distinguish GCT‐PEH from SCC.Methods and results : The complexity of the epithelial connective tissue interface (ECTI) in 57 profiles from nine SCC and 12 GCT‐PEH cases was analysed using fractal geometry. Epithelial and non‐epithelial cells were segmented using a space partition procedure and analysed morphometrically. GCT ECTI profiles were significantly more complex than those of SCC. The complexity of ECTI quantified by global and local fractal dimensions allowed up to 86% correct discrimination between GCT‐PEH and SCC. The cell‐wise discrimination between the two entities using cellular morphology was 76% but when the two approaches were combined, the correct discrimination was 96%.Conclusions : The architectural features of GCT‐PEH and SCC show differences which, when quantified, could be used to differentiate the two diagnostic classes. Characterization of these differences may help to elucidate some of the mechanisms of tumour infiltration and metastasis.
Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies for the immunohistochemical detection of glycodelin A in decidual, endometrial and gynaecological tumour tissues
Authors: Jeschke U , Kuhn C , Mylonas I , Schulze S , Friese K , Mayr D , Speer R , Briese V , Richter D‐U , Haase M , Karsten U 
Published: February 2006

Aims : Glycodelin is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 28 kDa. Unusual LacdiNAc structures have been identified on glycodelin A, isolated from amniotic fluid. Three major functions of this glycoprotein have been identified. Glycodelin is an immunosuppressive molecule, a marker of morphological differentiation, and a contraceptive. Because no monoclonal antibodies for glycodelin A are commercially available, our aim was to develop and characterize three monoclonal antibodies against this glycoprotein.Methods and results : Glycodelin A was purified from amniotic fluid by three chromatographic steps and its purity was checked by SDS–PAGE. Antibodies were generated from immunized BALB/c mice. Three IgG1 monoclonal antibodies detecting glycodelin A were cloned. All three antibodies recognized carbohydrate structures of glycodelin A and did not cross‐react with glycodelin S. They are applicable to immunohistochemistry (frozen and paraffin sections), ELISA and Western blots.Conclusion : The new antibodies can be used for the detection of glycodelin A in frozen and paraffin‐embedded decidual and endometrial tissue. One antibody (A87‐B/D2) can be used for the detection of glycodelin in endometrial and ovarian tumour tissues. Because glycodelin A is a major secretory endometrial product during the luteal phase, in early pregnancy and in gynaecological tumours, the new antibodies are, potentially, valuable tools for the study of endometrial development and tumour progression.
Infiltrative myelopathy by paracoccidioidomycosis. A review and report of nine cases with emphasis on bone marrow morphology
Authors: Resende L S R , Mendes R P , Bacchi M M , Marques S A , Barraviera B , Souza L R , Meira D A , Niéro‐Melo L 
Published: February 2006

Aims : To report nine additional well‐defined cases with infiltrative myelopathy by paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), to describe the specific lesions and infection‐related stromal abnormalities, to review the literature on this type of involvement and to introduce a new cause of granulomatous lesions of bone marrow.Methods and results : Different bone marrow specimens were studied (aspirated smears, aspirated clots, biopsy imprints and biopsies) from nine patients with acute or subacute forms of PCM known to have PCM infiltrative myelopathy.Conlusions : The biopsy specimens were the best for demonstrating bone marrow involvement by PCM. The lesions varied from compact and focal granulomas with few fungal cells to numerous disseminated fungal cells within a loose granulomatous inflammatory reaction, with a continuum between these extremes suggesting a spectrum of immune response to the fungi. Other findings such as bone marrow fibrosis, parenchymal coagulative necrosis and bone necrosis were also observed in the affected areas.
Spectrum of pathological changes in both ventricles of patients dying suddenly with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Relation of changes to age
Authors: Fletcher A , Ho S Y , McCarthy K P , Sheppard M N 
Published: February 2006

Aims : To quantify the variation in fibrosis, fat and muscle within the walls of both ventricles and within the different regions of the heart from six patients dying suddenly of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) aged 20–60 years.Methods : Seven heart regions were examined both macroscopically and histologically using the Picro‐Sirius red stain. Quantification of fibrosis, fat and muscle was performed in each region and transmural layer using grid counting.Results : There were macroscopic changes in all examined hearts. A higher percentage of fat with less fibrosis and muscle was observed within the right ventricle of the older patients. The left ventricle had more pathology in the older age group. Statistical differences in pathology in the heart were found. Fat predominated in the epicardial layer in the right and left ventricles of all patients, while the interventricular septum was the least affected.Conclusions : In ARVD, the pathology varies with age in both ventricles, fibrosis being the earliest hallmark of disease, with fatty infiltration evolving later. It should be labelled arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia because of biventricular involvement. Histopathologists should therefore sample from whole slices of the heart, so that all the changes can be observed.
Fibroblastic polyp of the colon: clinicopathological analysis of 10 cases with emphasis on its common association with serrated crypts
Authors: Groisman G M , Polak‐Charcon S , Appelman H D 
Published: February 2006

Aims : To describe the clinical and pathological features of 10 further cases of fibroblastic polyps (FP), a recently described, distinctive type of colorectal mucosal polyp.Methods and results : The patients were seven women and three men with ages ranging from 44 to 63 years. The lesions ranged in size from 2 to 4 mm. Eight of the polyps were located in the sigmoid colon. Five cases were associated with hyperplastic polyps. Histologically, FP displayed bland, plump spindle cells with oval nuclei arranged as bundles parallel to the surface or as haphazardly orientated sheets with a focal periglandular or perivascular concentric arrangement. Eight polyps represented mixed fibroblastic/hyperplastic polyps as they contained serrated (hyperplastic) crypts. Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive for vimentin and negative for desmin, smooth‐muscle actin, h‐caldesmon, S100 protein, c‐Kit, epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin AE1/3, CD34, CD68, COX‐2, and factor XIIIa. Ultrastructural examination supported the fibroblastic nature of the tumour cells.Conclusions : FP is a distinctive type of benign mucosal colorectal polyp characterized by its distal location, small size, frequent association with hyperplastic polyps, distinct morphological appearance and typical immunonegativity for markers of specific differentiation. FP with serrated crypts (mixed fibroblastic/hyperplastic polyp) represents a frequent variant of this lesion. Pathologists should recognize FP and discriminate it from other types of colorectal polyps.
Comparative analysis of NeuN immunoreactivity in primary brain tumours: conclusions for rational use in diagnostic histopathology
Authors: Preusser M , Laggner U , Haberler C , Heinzl H , Budka H , Hainfellner J A 
Published: February 2006

Aims : NeuN is considered to be a marker of neuronal differentiation in brain tumours. Our aim was to perform, for the first time, a systematic and comparative analysis of NeuN expression in all major brain tumour subtypes to provide guidance for the rational use of NeuN immunohistochemistry in diagnostic histopathology.Methods and results : Anti‐NeuN immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens of 106 diffuse astrocytomas, 100 pilocytic astrocytomas, 107 ependymomas, 59 1p‐aberrant oligodendroglial neoplasms, 115 glioblastomas, 115 medulloblastomas, 14 gangliogliomas/gangliocytomas and 10 central neurocytomas. We found no NeuN expression in pilocytic astrocytoma, whereas all other investigated tumour subtypes showed focal or widespread expression in varying proportions of cases. Comparing NeuN expression in clear cell tumours, widespread NeuN expression had a positive predictive value of 76.9% (95% confidence interval 46.2, 95.0) for central neurocytoma. Lack of NeuN expression had a positive predictive value of 87.3% (76.5, 94.4) for oligodendroglioma.Conclusions : Immunohistochemistry can detect NeuN expression in all major brain tumour subtypes except pilocytic astrocytoma. In the individual case, assessment of NeuN expression may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of clear cell primary brain tumours but does not seem to be useful for the differential diagnosis of other brain tumour subtypes.
Haemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumour (so‐called haemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous tumour): analysis of 13 new cases in support of a distinct entity
Authors: Browne T‐J , Fletcher C D M 
Published: February 2006

Aims : To describe 13 new cases of a rare soft tissue neoplasm currently known as haemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous tumour (HFHLL) and to further its characterization.Methods and results : Patients were eight females and five males, aged 8 months to 74 years. Lesions ranged in size from 10 to 130 mm (median 45). Twelve of 13 lesions were located in the ankle/foot region; one involved the hand. Grossly the lesions were fatty/gelatinous or lipoma‐like. They were characterized by varying proportions of mature adipocytes and fibroblastic spindle cells, associated with haemosiderin pigment present predominantly in macrophages within the spindle cell component. Dissecting between adipocytic lobules were septa containing short spindle cells with streaming, swirling or honeycomb growth patterns. Most tumours contained scattered osteoclast‐like giant cells. Mitoses were rare and only one case showed mild atypia. Immunohistochemistry in 10 cases showed 7/9 CD34+; all were negative for smooth muscle actin, CD68, S100 and desmin. Follow‐up in nine cases ranging from 1 to 130 months (median 12) showed local recurrence in three but no metastasis.Conclusions : So‐called HFHLL, better termed haemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumour, is a distinct lesion characterized by an admixture of fibroblastic spindle cells, mature adipocytes and haemosiderin pigmentation, shows a predilection for the distal extremities and quite often recurs locally.
Enhancement of antitumour immunity by a novel chemotactic antigen DNA vaccine encoding chemokines and multiepitopes of prostate‐tumour‐associated antigens
Authors: Qin Hanjun , Zhou Chunxia , Wang Dongmei , Ma Wenbo , Liang Xiao , Lin Chen , Zhang Youhui , Zhang Shuren 
Published: February 2006

SummaryDNA vaccines provide an attractive technology against cancer because of their safety record in humans and ease of construction, testing and manufacture. In this study, several DNA fragments encoding multiple cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell epitopes were selected from human prostate‐specific membrane antigen (hPSM), mouse prostatic acid phosphatase (mPAP), and human prostate‐specific antigen (hPSA). These DNA fragments were ligated together to form a novel fusion gene, termed the 3P gene. The secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), 3P and human immunoglobulin G Fc genes were inserted into pcDNA3.1 to construct a DNA vaccine, designated pSLC‐3P‐Fc. After vaccination, the DNA is taken up by cells that produce and secrete the SLC‐3P‐Fc fusion proteins, termed chemotactic antigen (chemo‐antigen). The secreted chemo‐antigens, in addition to promoting the co‐localization of naive, non‐polarized memory T cells and dendritic cells, are efficiently captured and processed by dendritic cells via receptor‐mediated endocytosis and then cross‐presented to both major histocompatibility complex class I and class II in a cognate manner. The results of this study demonstrate that vaccination with pSLC‐3P‐Fc by gene gun inoculation induced a strong antitumour response in a mouse tumour model, which significantly inhibited tumour growth and prolonged the survival time of the tumour‐bearing mice. In vitro, the secreted SLC‐3P‐Fc fusion protein can attract lymphocytes from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); when human lymphocytes were stimulated by pSLC‐3P‐Fc‐transfected autologous PBMC, CTLs were induced which could specifically kill hPSM‐, hPAP‐, or hPSA‐expressing tumour cells. These observations provide a new vaccine strategy for cancer therapy through promoting the co‐localization of lymphocytes and the concomitant enhancement of antigen‐specific CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T‐cell responses against tumour.