bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation as an educational tool to teach emergency medicine residents about unconscious bias
Authors: Primiani Nadia , Murphy Lara , Dephoure Stephanie , Thompson Cameron , Ng Carly 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMedical training embraces simulation-based education. One important topic that has recently been added to the simulation curriculum at the University of Toronto is unconscious bias. This educational innovation project evaluates a simulation that could be used as a novel instructional design strategy to teach unconscious bias. The simulation involved two resuscitation scenarios with a similar clinical trajectory. Each resuscitation was led by standardized physicians of different binary genders, followed by a debrief with highly trained facilitators. Tangible educational takeaways on team dynamic variation between different gendered team leaders were discussed following the simulation, highlighting its benefit to resident education on bias awareness and response. Limitations include inevitable unconscious bias in facilitators and unequal gender representation in the learner participants, which may impact simulation effectiveness. The findings support translating this simulation to other forms of bias education in future simulation development.
Exploring health disparities in congenital CMV (cCMV): a study in a Somali-American community to assess awareness of cCMV and facilitate understanding of universal cCMV screening
Authors: Hussein Khadra , Shanley Ryan , Schleiss Mark R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) disproportionately impacts black and multiracial infants. While there have been strides made to address this health disparity, strategies to increase awareness and knowledge of cCMV have not been investigated in a Somali community.

Methods
Two survey study strategies (in-person and online), consisting of a pre-survey test, educational intervention, and a post-survey, were designed to gauge knowledge and perceptions about cCMV among Somali women aged 18 to 40 years old.

Results
96 respondents partook in the online module, and 15 in the in-person event. On recruitment, < 45% of women were aware of cCMV. Following the pre-intervention survey, educational modules were conducted, and the survey repeated. For statistical comparisons, a point was assigned for each correct survey query, and the mean of correct responses tabulated for pre- and post-surveys. In the online intervention, mean scores changed from 55 to 87% (paired t-test, p = 0.001), whereas in the in-person intervention, mean scores changed from 65 to 87% (paired t-test, p = 0.007), demonstrating enhanced cCMV awareness upon completion of both interventions. Using multiple linear regression, the expected post-test score was 2% (95% CI [− 8%, 12%]) higher for the online module compared to the in-person module, adjusting for pre-test score.

Conclusion
Both interventions were successful in enhancing knowledge about cCMV in this population, although there was no evidence either intervention was substantially better than the other. Educational efforts will be critical in enhancing the trust required to facilitate diagnostic evaluation and treatment of newborns identified with cCMV in this high-risk population.
Microfluidics for High Throughput Screening of Biological Agents and Therapeutics
Authors: Bhusal Anant , Yogeshwaran Swaprakash , Goodarzi Hosseinabadi Hossein , Cecen Berivan , Miri Amir K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Microfluidic devices have been widely used for gene analysis, immunoassays, organ-on-chip technology, cell engineering, and disease modeling. Their integration into high throughput screening (HTS) platforms has led to large-scale testing of various biological and chemical agents. This brief review discusses existing microfluidic HTS modalities, including the droplet mode, the perfusion mode, and the array-based platforms in active or passive designs, by exploring their fabrication methods and key design features. The main compartments are discussed, and the future trajectories of microfluidic HTS platforms, particularly in drug screening, are explained in detail. This review aims to serve as a guide for bioengineers and clinicians, offering insights to advance the development of the microfluidic toolboxes utilized in drug screening efforts.
Available assessment tools for evaluating feedback quality: a scoping review oriented to education in digital media
Authors: Duran Espinoza Valentina , Rammsy Serón Francisca , Vargas Juan Pablo , Petric Dominik , Montero Jaras Isabella , Peña Felipe Silva , Valenzuela Nicolas Olivares , Villagrán Ignacio , Varas Cohen Julian , Fuentes-Cimma Javiera 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In recent years, the use of digital platforms for surgical and medical training has increased. Quality feedback is essential when using these methodologies, as it serves as the primary form of interaction between trainers and students. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate feedback using valid and reliable instruments. This scoping review aims to identify assessment tools available in the literature for evaluating feedback in medical education.

Materials
A scoping review was conducted between April and May 2022, using the databases Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, ERIC, and the Cochrane Library. No publication date limits were used, and English and Spanish were the included languages. The search was supported by the State-of-the-Art-through-Systematic-Review (StArt) software. Two reviewers selected articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Inclusion criteria were tools or instruments in medical education related to feedback, while tools unrelated to feedback assessment or inaccessibility were excluded. Items were organized to have an overview of the findings.

Results
From the initial 16,229 articles, 26 feedback quality assessment instruments were found, including the CME Faculty Assessment Instrument, DOCS-FBS, EFFECT instrument, EFFECT-S, EFeCT, Feedback Questionnaire, FEEDME-Feedback culture, FEEDME-Feedback provider, PACT, Quality of the feedback perceived by students, SETQ for Surgical Specialties, StudentPEP project evaluation questionnaire, IQ Instrument, and 13 others without specific names. None was exclusively developed for digital feedback.

Conclusion
Limited evidence exists on feedback evaluation tools, especially in digital contexts. The identified instruments highlight opportunities for further research and development of feedback tools appropriate for remote and asynchronous surgical training.
Synthesis strategies and obstacles of lignocellulose-derived hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Huang Zongyi , Alshareef Husam N. , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this perspective, we present an overview of the research and advancement of lignocellulose-derived hard carbon anodes and their pivotal role in the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries. Hard carbon anodes, sourced from lignocellulosic biomasses, exhibit considerable promise due to their widespread availability, economical viability, and environmentally friendly attributes with zero carbon-dioxide emissions. Given the intricate compositions and composite nature of lignocellulosic materials, it becomes imperative to prioritize factors crucial for the fabrication of hard carbon anodes that exhibit enhanced sodium-ion storage capabilities. Thus, our study offers an extensive overview of the structure and performance nuances of hard carbon anodes derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Furthermore, it delves into the fundamental principles governing synthesis methodologies and confronts the challenges inherent in producing lignocellulose-derived hard carbon anodes tailored specifically for sodium-ion batteries.
Graphical Abstract
Metal concentrations in fish tissues from Kara, Bolshoi Patok, and Maly Patok River basins, Northeastern European Russia
Authors: Hughson Claire , Ponomarev Vasily I. , Kondratenok Boris M. , Walker Tony R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFish and fish tissue are effective bioindicators due to their sensitivity to pollution and are frequently used for assessing aquatic ecosystem health. Establishing baseline metal concentrations in freshwater fish tissues within aquatic ecosystems is important prior to establishing industrial activities to help determine potential future industrial impacts. Historically, North-Eastern European Russia has been an area with relatively low levels of industrial development and is still in pristine condition. In this region, the noise-to-background ratio for industrial contaminants may be disproportionately high. This study measured baseline metal concentrations in freshwater fish tissues collected from three study sites (the Bolshoi Patok, Maly Patok and Kara Rivers) in northeastern European Russia as bioindicators of overall aquatic ecosystem health. Seven fish species, namely, European Grayling, Arctic Char, Whitefish, Perch, Pike, Roach, and Peled, were studied over a three-year period between 2000 and 2003. The copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were analysed in fish tissue samples. Metal concentrations measured in fish tissues in this study were comparable to those measured at remote sites in Alaska, the United States and Slovenia. Despite the small variation between the sampling sites, the metal concentrations were relatively low and considered to be in pristine condition. Metal concentrations measured in fish tissues in this study represent baseline conditions, which will be important for comparison against monitoring programmes should the region experience future industrial development.
Probabilistic Petrophysical Reconstruction of Danta's Alpine Peatland via Electromagnetic Induction Data
Authors: Zaru N. , Silvestri S. , Assiri M. , Bai P. , Hansen T. M. , Vignoli G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPeatlands are fundamental deposits of organic carbon. Thus, their protection is of crucial importance to avoid emissions from their degradation. Peat is a mixture of organic soil that originates from the accumulation of wetland plants under continuous or cyclical anaerobic conditions for long periods. Hence, a precise quantification of peat deposits is extremely important; for that, remote‐ and proximal‐sensing techniques are excellent candidates. Unfortunately, remote‐sensing can provide information only on the few shallowest centimeters, whereas peatlands often extend to several meters in depth. In addition, peatlands are usually characterized by difficult (flooded) terrains. So, frequency‐domain electromagnetic instruments, as they are compact and contactless, seem to be the ideal solution for the quantitative assessment of the extension and geometry of peatlands. Generally, electromagnetic methods are used to infer the electrical resistivity of the subsurface. In turn, the resistivity distribution can, in principle, be interpreted to infer the morphology of the peatland. Here, to some extent, we show how to shortcut the process and include the expectation and uncertainty regarding the peat resistivity directly into a probabilistic inversion workflow. The present approach allows for retrieving what really matters: the spatial distribution of the probability of peat occurrence, rather than the mere electrical resistivity. To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed probabilistic approach, we compare the outcomes against the more traditional deterministic fully nonlinear (Occam's) inversion and against some boreholes available in the investigated area.
Spectroscopic Evaluation of Epidermis‐Equivalent Phantom in Terahertz‐Frequency Region
Authors: Mizuno Maya , Yamazaki Shota , Nagaoka Tomoaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe complex refractive index and reflectance of an epidermis‐equivalent phantom were evaluated in the terahertz‐frequency region. The complex refractive indices of the epidermis and the epidermis‐equivalent phantom, made using ultrapure water, mineral oil, glycerin fatty acid ester, and agar, were measured using a terahertz time‐domain spectrometer. The complex refractive indices of the epidermis and the epidermis‐equivalent phantom were in agreement. However, their mean reflectances had a difference of approximately 3%. The difference disappeared on adding surface roughness to the epidermis‐equivalent phantom. Thus, we found that roughness of the surface of the epidermis‐equivalent phantom was required to ensure a match of the reflectance of the phantom with that of the epidermis at frequencies from 0.2 THz to 0.6 THz.
Serotonin effects on human iPSC-derived neural cell functions: from mitochondria to depression
Authors: Cardon Iseline , Grobecker Sonja , Jenne Frederike , Jahner Tatjana , Rupprecht Rainer , Milenkovic Vladimir M. , Wetzel Christian H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDepression’s link to serotonin dysregulation is well-known. The monoamine theory posits that depression results from impaired serotonin activity, leading to the development of antidepressants targeting serotonin levels. However, their limited efficacy suggests a more complex cause. Recent studies highlight mitochondria as key players in depression’s pathophysiology. Mounting evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction significantly correlates with major depressive disorder (MDD), underscoring its pivotal role in depression. Exploring the serotonin-mitochondrial connection, our study investigated the effects of chronic serotonin treatment on induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes and neurons from healthy controls and two case study patients. One was a patient with antidepressant non-responding MDD (“Non-R”) and another had a non-genetic mitochondrial disorder (“Mito”). The results revealed that serotonin altered the expression of genes related to mitochondrial function and dynamics in neurons and had an equalizing effect on calcium homeostasis in astrocytes, while ATP levels seemed increased. Serotonin significantly decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium in neurons. Electrophysiological measurements evidenced that serotonin depolarized the resting membrane potential, increased both sodium and potassium current density and ultimately improved the overall excitability of neurons. Specifically, neurons from the Non-R patient appeared responsive to serotonin in vitro, which seemed to improve neurotransmission. While it is unclear how this translates to the systemic level and AD resistance mechanisms are not fully elucidated, our observations show that despite his treatment resistance, this patient’s cortical neurons are responsive to serotonergic signals. In the Mito patient, evidence suggested that serotonin, by increasing excitability, exacerbated an existing hyperexcitability highlighting the importance of considering mitochondrial disorders in patients with MDD, and avoiding serotonin-increasing medication. Taken together, our findings suggested that serotonin positively affects calcium homeostasis in astrocytes and increases neuronal excitability. The latter effect must be considered carefully, as it could have beneficial or detrimental implications based on individual pathologies.
Preso enhances mGluR1-mediated excitotoxicity by modulating the phosphorylation of mGluR1-Homer1 complex and facilitating an ER stress after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhang Zhuoyuan , Gao Xiangyu , Tian Zhicheng , Yang Erwan , Huang Yutao , Liu Dan , Dai Shuhui , Zhang Haofuzi , Bao Mingdong , Jiang Xiaofan , Li Xin , Luo Peng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlutamate receptor (GluR)-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism causing delayed neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Preso, as a core scaffolding protein of postsynaptic density (PSD), is considered an important regulator during excitotoxicity and TBI and combines with glutamate receptors to form functional units for excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission, and elucidating the mechanisms of these functional units will provide new targets for the treatment of TBI. As a multidomain scaffolding protein, Preso directly interacts with metabotropic GluR (mGluR) and another scaffold protein, Homer. Because the mGluR-Homer complex plays a crucial role in TBI, modulation of this complex by Preso may be an important mechanism affecting the excitotoxic damage to neurons after TBI. Here, we demonstrate that Preso facilitates the interaction between metabotropic mGluR1 and Homer1 to activate mGluR1 signaling and cause excitotoxic neuronal injury and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress after TBI. The regulatory effect of Preso on the mGluR1-Homer1 complex is dependent on the direct association between Preso and this complex and also involves the phosphorylation of the interactive binding sites of mGluR1 and Homer1 by Preso. Further studies confirmed that Preso, as an adaptor of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), promotes the phosphorylation of the Homer1-binding site on mGluR1 by CDK5 and thereby enhances the interaction between mGluR1 and Homer1. Preso can also promote the formation of the mGluR1-Homer1 complex by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the Homer1 hinge region by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα). Based on these molecular mechanisms, we designed several blocking peptides targeting the interaction between Preso and the mGluR1-Homer1 complex and found that directly disrupting the association between mGluR1 and scaffolding proteins significantly promotes the recovery of motor function after TBI.
Formulation of energy loss due to magnetostriction to design ultraefficient soft magnets
Authors: Tsukahara Hiroshi , Huang Haodong , Suzuki Kiyonori , Ono Kanta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The mechanism of energy loss due to magnetostriction in soft magnetic materials was analytically formulated, and our experiments validated this formulation. The viscosity of magnetic materials causes the resistive force acting on magnetic domain walls through strain due to magnetostriction, and magnetic energy is eventually dissipated by friction even without eddy currents. This energy loss mechanism explains the frequency dependence of the excess loss observed in the experiments, and the excess loss is dominated by the contribution of magnetostriction when the magnetostriction constant exceeds approximately 20 ppm. The random anisotropy model was extended by considering the effect of local magnetostriction as a correction to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The effect of magnetostriction was considerably suppressed by the exchange-averaging effect. The estimated effective random magnetoelastic anisotropy for nanocrystalline α-Fe reached as low as 18.6 J/m3, but this static effect could not explain the high excess loss at high frequencies observed in the experiments. The results of this research could provide new design criteria for high-performance soft magnetic materials based on low magnetostriction to reduce the excess loss.
Knowledge and handling practices for raw hen's eggs during purchase, preparation, storage, and consumption: a cross sectional study
Authors: Sabbah Mohammed , Badrasawi Kamal , Kharraz Lubna , Badrasawi Manal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the hen’s eggs knowledge, handling practices, and consumption among Palestinian consumers using the cross-sectional survey design. Online questionnaire was sent via social media platforms including well-known Facebook and WhatsApp groups in West bank, Gaza and Jerusalem, along with an invitation explaining the research objectives and the voluntary participation. The online questionnaire consisted of three main sections: socio demographic, knowledge and practices for hen’s eggs during purchase, preparation, storage, and consumption. The items were developed based on previous literature and international guidelines for hen's eggs purchase and handling, and subjected to content validity process, followed by a pilot study to determine the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach’s alpha test. The final data were analysed based on the dichotomous Rach model for knowledge and polytomous Rasch model for practices using Winsteps version 5.1.3. The Rasch SPSS output interval data files were used in the inferential analyses tests (one-way ANOVA test and independent samples t-test). The Rasch analysis showed that on average the participants had quite low level of knowledge of hen's eggs consumption safety, (person ability Mean 0.10 logit). The item difficulty measures ranged between + 1.65 (most difficult) and − 2.24 logit (easiest). It was not easy for the participants to endorse the items pertaining their practices in handling the hen’s eggs during purchase, preparation, storage and consumption, (person ability Mean − 0.11 logit). The item difficulty measures ranged between + 2.68 logits (most difficult) to − 2.45 logit (easiest). In addition, female participants significantly outperformed males in knowledge scores; and the level of hen's eggs hygiene practices and storage during purchase depended on participants’ knowledge level. The research recommended interventional programs to enhance Palestinians’ awareness and knowledge about hen's eggs knowledge, handling practices, and consumption. Further quantitative and qualitative research studies were also recommended.
Background and clinical significance of biomarker-based patient enrichment in non-small-cell lung cancer drug development
Authors: Harada Kenji , Ono Shunsuke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPharmaceutical companies have adopted biomarker-based enrichment (personalized) strategies to improve research and development productivity. We explored the background in which personalized strategies are adopted and examined whether their adoption is linked to improved efficacy of new drugs approved for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We extracted data from the first labels of drugs approved for NSCLC between May 2003 and February 2021, and performed a qualitative comparative analysis and meta-analysis. Personalized strategies were adopted in more than half of the trials (16/27) and were often used in trials aimed at obtaining first-line indications and in drugs that were not first-in-class. The meta-analysis showed that personalized trials had significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratio (HR) than trials without personalization but not for relative response rate ratio (RRR) or overall survival (OS) HR. Trials in which PFS HR was the primary endpoint tended to have improved PFS HR, and trials in which OS HR was the primary endpoint had worse PFS HR. The efficacy endpoints that are substantially affected by personalized strategies appear to differ, especially for new drugs with novel mechanism of action (MOA), because trial designs are employed to validate drug-specific advantages.