bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of emotional speech in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Schröder Christine , Möbes Janine , Schütze Martin , Szymanowski Friedemann , Nager Wido , Bangert Marc , Münte Thomas Frank , Dengler Reinhard 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) involving cognition and emotionality have progressively received attention. The objective of the present study was to investigate recognition of emotional prosody in patients with PD (n = 14) in comparison to healthy control subjects (HC, n = 14). Event‐related brain potentials (ERP) were recorded in a modified oddball paradigm under passive listening and active target detection instructions. Results showed a poorer performance of PD patients in classifying emotional prosody. ERP generated by emotional deviants (happy/sad) during passive listening revealed diminished amplitudes of the mismatch‐related negativity for sad deviants, indicating an impairment of early preattentive processing of emotional prosody in PD. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Health‐related quality of life in adult survivors of childhood Wilms tumor or neuroblastoma: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study
Authors: Nathan Paul C. , Ness Kirsten K. , Greenberg Mark L. , Hudson Melissa , Wolden Suzanne , Davidoff Andrew , Laverdiere Caroline , Mertens Ann , Whitton John , Robison Leslie L. , Zeltzer Lonnie , Gurney James G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term survivors of Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma may experience significant late adverse effects from their disease and its therapy. Little is known, however, about the health‐related quality of life experienced by these survivors.ProcedureHealth‐related quality of life, measured by the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), was assessed from self‐report in adult survivors of Wilms tumor (N = 654) and neuroblastoma (N = 432) who participated in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.ResultsMore than 90% of the study population was 18–34 years old at interview, and 58% were females. There was no significant difference on any SF‐36 subscale or summary scale between the two diagnostic groups. On average, survivors reported no decrement on the Physical Component Summary scale of the SF‐36 when compared to population norms. However, both groups scored significantly below the population mean score (50) on the Mental Component Summary Scale of the SF‐36 (Wilms tumor mean = 41.66, standard error = 2.19, P < 0.0001; neuroblastoma mean = 42.41, standard error = 2.23, P < 0.0001) reflecting decreased emotional health. Independent risk factors for lower scores on this scale included female gender, Native American race, unemployment, and household income below $20,000.ConclusionsAdult survivors of childhood Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma do not differ from population norms on most health‐related quality of life (HRQL) measures. These data, however, indicate that the emotional well being of adult survivors may be compromised. Health care providers should be aware of the risk of adverse outcomes in emotional health even many years after treatment and cure. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:704–715. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of chemical composition and sequence length on the transport properties of proton exchange membranes
Authors: Roy Abhishek , Hickner Michael A. , Yu Xiang , Li Yanxiang , Glass Thomas E. , McGrath James E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOne of the integral parts of the fuel cell is the proton exchange membrane. Our research group has been engaged in the past few years in the synthesis of several sulfonated poly(arylene ether) random copolymers. The copolymers were varied in both the bisphenol structure as well as in the functional groups in the backbone such as sulfone and ketones. To compare the effect of sequence length, multiblock copolymers based on poly(arylene ether sulfone)s were synthesized. This paper aims to describe our investigation of the effect of chemical composition, morphology, and ion exchange capacity (IEC) on the transport properties of proton conducting membranes. The key properties examined were proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and water self diffusion coefficient in the membranes. It was observed that under fully hydrated conditions, proton conductivity for both random and block copolymers was a function of IEC and water uptake. However, under partially hydrated conditions, the block copolymers showed improved proton conductivity over the random copolymers. The proton conductivity for the block copolymer series was found to increase with increasing block lengths under partially hydrated conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2226–2239, 2006
Polymer electrolyte membranes for the direct methanol fuel cell: A review
Authors: DeLuca Nicholas W. , Elabd Yossef A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has the potential to replace lithium‐ion rechargeable batteries in portable electronic devices, but currently experiences significant power density and efficiency losses due to high methanol crossover through polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). Numerous publications document the synthesis and characterization of new PEMs for the DMFC. This article reviews this research, transport phenomena in PEMs, and experimental techniques used to evaluate new PEMs for the DMFC. Although many PEMs do not show significant improvements over Nafion®, the benchmark PEM in DMFCs, experimental results show that several new PEMs exhibit lower methanol crossover at similar proton conductivities and/or higher DMFC power densities. These results and recommendations for future research are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Parts B: Polym Phys 44: 2201–2225, 2006
IIPP: integrated IP paging protocol with a power save mechanism
Authors: Kafle Ved P. , Pack Sangheon , Choi Yanghee , Kamioka Eiji , Yamada Shigeki 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe advent of advanced mobile/wireless systems has been facilitating the battery‐powered mobile computing devices (nodes) to remain always connected to the internet. However, until now, the power‐drain rate of mobile nodes is very high in comparison with the available power of portable batteries. To reduce the energy consumption of mobile nodes, we present an integrated IP paging protocol (IIPP) by integrating the IP‐layer paging protocol based on Mobile IPv4 regional registration (MIPRR) with a power save mechanism. IIPP reduces the frequency of signaling messages between mobile nodes and networks. When not sending or receiving data for a certain time, mobile nodes enter power save mode (PSM), and consume very low power. We formulate analytical models and carry out simulations to evaluate the proposed IIPP. The results show that, compared to MIPRR, IIPP significantly reduces the average power consumption of the mobile node and signaling overheads in the network. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tone diversity for OFDMA in broadband wireless communications
Authors: Xu Ying Lin , Weng Jianfeng , Le‐Ngoc Tho 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper presents two group‐based tone diversity schemes, namely, group‐orthogonal tone‐combining‐diversity (GO‐TCD) and group‐optimal tone‐selection‐diversity (GO‐TSD), for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system in broadband wireless communications. In both schemes, the entire frequency band ofNsub‐carriers is divided intoNG = N/Lfsub‐carrier groups with each havingLfsub‐carriers. When the channel knowledge is not available at the transmitter, GO‐TCD, which has a split‐and‐group structure to reduce the peak‐to‐average ratio (PAR) and employs the multi‐user detection for maximum‐likelihood (ML) estimation to increase the number of active users, is proposed and shown to provide a lower PAR and similar performance as compared with the group‐orthogonal multi‐carrier CDMA, and outperforms the random‐hopping (RH)‐OFDMA and matched‐filter based MC‐CDMA. When the channel knowledge is available at the transmitter, GO‐TSD can be used to select the best sub‐carrier in a given sub‐carrier group for any active user and shown to offer a throughput comparable to the optimal tone selection but with much less complexity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transporting data between wireless applications using a messaging system—MMS
Authors: Miraj‐E‐Mostafa  
Published: July 2006

AbstractThere is a demand for using messaging systems to transport data between wireless applications in mobile communications. As multimedia messaging service (MMS) is a promising messaging system to meet the demand, it is under enhancement in related standardization bodies to make it effective in transporting application data. The enhancement should be compatible with the existing MMS services for its smooth and safe deployment. This paper proposes a solution to make the enhancement backward compatible, so that a new MMS service of transporting application data has no impact on the existing MMS services. The solution also provides forward compatibility, so that an MMS service of transporting application data does not hinder the introduction of any application in the future, allowing instantaneous deployment of a wireless application. The standardization bodies did not define any format for data communication between a wireless application and MMS in a terminal. A common format in this regard would help mass availability of wireless applications for different purposes independent of manufacturing a mobile terminal. Based on an analysis described in this paper, eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is the suitable format for the purpose. This paper also presents examples of XML file to indicate what data should be communicated in this regard. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binary‐offset‐carrier modulation techniques with applications in satellite navigation systems
Authors: Lohan Elena Simona , Lakhzouri Abdelmonaem , Renfors Markku 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn important aspect in designing the modulation scheme for various satellite systems, such as the modernized GPS and Galileo, is to obtain good spectral properties and suitable spectral shaping. For example, in the future satellite navigation systems, some of the main goals are: low interference with the existing GPS signals, good root‐mean‐square (RMS) bandwidth, good time resolution (in order to allow the separation between channel paths and to decrease the synchronization errors) etc. Starting from the recently proposed cosine‐ and sine‐BOC modulation families for GPS and Galileo systems, we introduce a new, generalized family, denoted here by double‐BOC (DBOC) modulation. We derive and analyze the properties of the power spectral densities (PSD) and autocorrelation functions (ACF) of the DBOC modulation with various orders, we show its relationship with BPSK, sine‐ and cosine‐BOC modulations, and we illustrate via several examples how to choose optimally the parameters of this new modulation family, according to different optimization criteria. The examples are targeting at applications such as the design of suitable modulations for Galileo open service (OS) and public regulated service (PRS) signals, but the authors believe that the DBOC concept might be useful to other satellite‐based applications, when the available bandwidth is large enough. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A collision detection method for multicast transmissions in CSMA/CA networks
Authors: Nilsson Thomas , Wikstrand Greger , Eriksson Jerry 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCompared to unicast traffic, multicast is not protected by any ARQ mechanism in 802.11 networks: collisions with other multicast and unicast transmissions are not detected and senders will not adapt to the contention situation by backing off. This results in an unreliable service for multicast transmissions.We propose early multicast collision detection (EMCD), an algorithm with the purpose of increasing the reliability of multicast transmissions in the MAC layer of an IEEE 802.11 network. A multicast sender using it will introduce an early pause in a transmission, perform a clear channel assessment (CCA), and if a collision is detected abort the transmission after a fixed time and schedule a retransmission. This allows for detecting collisions with both multicast and unicast transmissions but also adapting to the contention situation.A probabilistic analysis is provided showing that EMCD is more efficient than ordinary multicast and can be made even more efficient by tuning parameters.Simulations show that EMCD leads to increased reliability for multicast transmissions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Very low levels of cholecystokinin octapeptide activate Na‐pump in the cerebral cortex of CCK2receptor‐deficient mice
Authors: Roots Kristiina , Kairane Czeslava , Salum Tiit , Kõks Sulev , Karelson Ello , Vasar Eero , Zilmer Mihkel 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study provides the first evidence that CCK‐8 (0.01 pM to 0.1 mM) stimulates Na,K‐ATPase in the cortical membranes of wild‐type and CCK2receptor‐deficient mice. In each genotype, the maximal stimulation was about 40%. Homozygous mice revealed substantially lower EC50(4 pM) than heterozygous (37 pM) or wild‐type animals (682 pM). In homozygous CCK2receptor‐deficient mice, the expression of CCK1receptor gene was 5‐fold higher than in wild‐type animals. CCK1receptor antagonist devazepide counteracted effect of CCK‐8 in all three genotypes, whereas CCK2receptor antagonist L‐365, 260 showed significant antagonism in wild‐type and heterozygous mice. The cooperativity of Na,K‐ATPase for Na+, but not for K+, was lost in homozygous mice. Altogether, very low concentrations of CCK‐8 via CCK1and CCK2receptors stimulate Na,K‐ATPase in the cerebral cortex. CCK2receptor‐deficiency leads to the altered functionality of Na,K‐ATPase that might be compensated by CCK1receptor mediated influence of CCK (and its agonists) on the enzyme.
Women's access to health care: The legal framework
Authors: Cook R.J. , Ngwena C.G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Millennium Development Goals set ambitious targets for women's health, including reductions in maternal and child mortality and combating the spread of HIV/AIDS. The law, which historically has often obstructed women's access to the health care they require, has a dynamic potential to ensure women's access that is being progressively realized. This paper identifies three legal principles that are key to advancing women's reproductive and sexual health. First, law should require that care be evidence‐based, reflecting medical and social science rather than, for instance, religious ideology or morality. Second, legal guidance should be clear and transparent, so that service providers and patients know their responsibilities and entitlements without litigation to resolve uncertainties. Third, law should provide applicable measures to ensure fairness in women's access to services, both general services and those only women require. Legal developments are addressed that illustrate how law can advance women's equality, and social justice.
Weakly dissipative ion acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma: roles of dust charge variation, ion loss and ionization
Authors: GHOSH SAMIRAN 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe nonlinear propagation characteristics of dust ion acoustic waves in the presence of weak dissipations arising due to the low rates (compared to the ion oscillation frequency) of ionization, ion loss and dust charging are investigated. It is found that the ion acoustic solitary wave in such a dusty plasma is weakly dissipative in nature and is governed by a modified form of the Korteweg–de Vries equation. The analytical solution reveals that the ionization has a destabilizing effect, whereas ion loss and dust charge variation play a stabilizing role to control the ionization instability.
Server intervention: what chance in Australia?
Authors: LANG ERNIE 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThere is some evidence from studies in the USA and Canada that server intervention programs are effective in reducing alcohol consumption on licensed premises which, it is claimed, will lead to a reduction in the incidence of drink driving and other alcohol‐related problems. Unfortunately, due to the relative newness of server intervention programs, there is little or no evidence to support such claims. Given this fact, and given that there is an emerging interest in server intervention programs in Australia, it is pertinent to address the question of whether or not server intervention programs are likely to ever be a viable prevention strategy here. It is argued that until steps are taken to overcome a number of impediments—such as the existing licensing laws, some elements of the alcohol industry resistant to change, a lack of community awareness, and a lack of interest by researchers—then such programs are unlikely to eventuate here. The various impediments are discussed and it is suggested that to overcome them will require a coordinated approach involving policy makers, police, the alcohol industry, educators and researchers. Based on experience elsewhere it is argued that server intervention programs should be aimed at the level of the local community. It is concluded that server intervention programs have the potential to become a major prevention initiative in Australia, but only if the various impediments can be overcome, and if present and future legislative provisions are enforced.
Least bad solutions to the ‘drugs problem’
Authors: MUGFORD STEPHEN 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the current difficulties being faced in Australia by policy‐makers attempting to regulate the non‐medical use of illegal drugs, and it is suggested that the difficulties centre upon two aspects. First, existing prohibitions are unsuccessful, with use levels rising and, in some arenas (e.g. cocaine use in the USA), quite out of control. On the other hand, a move towards decriminalization or legalization is difficult because past propaganda has been so vehement that a change now apparently risks sending the wrong messages to young people. This dilemma means that there is no solution, including inertia, which is risk‐free, nor is there one free of difficulties. It is thus relevant to think in terms of ‘least bad’ rather than ‘best’ when formulating a system to face these problems. The exploration of what this least bad solution might be begins with the examination of the prominent myths (such as ‘the drug‐free society’, ‘the evil pusher’, ‘the user as victim’ and ‘the young person as cultural dope’) that hinder our reasoning. Secondly, by suggesting that, in a climate of increasing crime related to drugs, inability of prohibitions to control that use and escalating health risks attendant on use (including the AIDS problem), the central policy thrust must be harm reduction and damage minimization rather than illusory goals such as widespread abstinence. The paper concludes with a discussion of some relevant evidence on alternative options.
Abstinence and acceptance? The problematic relationship between the German abstinence paradigm, low‐threshold oriented drug work, and methadone
Authors: GERLACH RALF , SCHNEIDER WOLFGANG 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIt is hardly surprising that, compared to international standards, the Federal Republic of Germany holds an exceptional position in the area of drug policy. For decades, the majority of so‐called ‘drug experts’ in Germany have deliberately ignored the findings of international research and, often despite their better knowledge, pursued a policy of misinformation which has remained unaffected by international research findings and standards of practice. This policy is essentially characterised by a rigid adherence to the abstinence paradigm.
Illicit drug use by young people in Sydney: results of a street intercept survey
Authors: SPOONER CATHERINE J. , FLAHERTY BRUCE J. , HOMEL PETER J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTo complement existing institution‐based drug use surveys, a street intercept survey of 581 young illicit drug users was conducted in Sydney, Australia. Patterns of use, reasons for use and awareness of the health risks associated with use were investigated. The most commonly used illicit drug type, after marijuana, was amphetamines. The least popular illicit drug was heroin. Most of the sample used occasionally, exhibiting a controlled pattern of use with a low prevalence of problems associated with use. Heroin users, in contrast, were often frequent users and reported a higher prevalence of associated problems. The majority of the sample reported excessive drinking patterns, indicating that the current policy of emphasis on alcohol misuse rather than illicit drug use amongst youth is appropriate.
Public perceptions of responsibility and liability in the licensed drinking environment
Authors: Lang Ernie , Stockwell Tim , Rydon Phil , Lockwood Anne 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study reports the results of a survey conducted in Perth (Western Australia) to assess public perceptions of the concepts of server responsibility and server liability. Eleven hundred and sixty persons aged 16 and over were asked if they thought licensees and barstaff should be held partly responsible when someone becomes intoxicated on licensed premises, or licensees and barstaff should be partly liable for injuries caused by an intoxicated person after leaving licensed premises. Results indicate that, on average, few people agreed to either proposition, despite an overwhelming majority believing that continuing to serve an intoxicated person increases the risk of an accident. However, when analysed by category of respondent, non‐drinkers and persons aged over 30 were significantly more likely to agree with licensees and barstaff being partly responsible for someone becoming intoxicated, and for them to be partly liable in the case of an accident involving an intoxicated customer. The results of this survey indicate the need for education programmes to convince the public that excessive alcohol consumption and the resulting harm is not merely the responsibility of the individuals concerned, but is also the responsibility of those groups and individuals involved in the promotion, marketing and sale of alcohol. We suggest that such education campaigns might best be targeted at those groups where least support was found, young drinkers (18‐24 years) and the servers of alcohol.
Alcohol consumption and driving intentions amongst hotel patrons
Authors: McLean Stuart , Wood Les J. , Davidson Jodie , Montgomery Iain , Jones Michael E 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTo examine the extent to which hotel patrons drink in excess of current health recommendations, and to identify risk factors for excessive drinking, hotel patrons were invited to participate in a survey of social drinking, which included a free breath test. Patrons were approached at 15 min. intervals, and 1000 subjects were studied. Amongst this group of hotel patrons interviewed, 1 in 2 had consumed alcohol in excess of the daily limit recommended by the National Health & Medical Research Council. One in 10 intending drivers had a BAC over the legal limit. Excessive drinking and drink driving appear to be prevalent amongst hotel patrons, and hotels should be targets for interventions designed to reduce these problems. For example, the National Guidelines for the Responsible Serving of Alcohol should be more widely practised.