bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting outcomes after radical cystectomy in African Americans
Authors: Konety Badrinath R. , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Carroll Peter R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Previous studies indicate that African Americans with bladder cancer have a worse outcome than Caucasians. Delay in seeking care and higher stage at presentation have been cited as possible reasons for the observed differences. The authors hypothesized that differences in hospital volume where patients undergo radical cystectomy may be responsible for race‐based differences in outcomes after the procedure.METHODS.The authors analyzed data from the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project and identified 4862 patients who had undergone radical cystectomy between 1998 and 2002. In‐hospital mortality, complications, and length of stay (LOS) in hospital were compared between patients grouped by race. Hospitals were categorized into tertiles by the average number of radical cystectomies performed per year (1–4 radical cystectomies, 5–10 radical cystectomies, and >10 radical cystectomies). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors of mortality, complications, LOS, and the likelihood that patients would undergo cystectomy at a high/medium‐volume hospital.RESULTS.African Americans had the highest in‐patient mortality, complications, and LOS after radical cystectomy. They also were the least likely to undergo radical cystectomy at a high/medium‐volume hospital. When the analyses were controlled for potential confounding factors, there was no difference in in‐hospital mortality by race, but differences persisted in the other 3 outcome variables. African Americans had higher odds of complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; P = .001), longer LOS (25%; P = .001), and lower odds of undergoing cystectomy at a high/medium‐volume hospital (OR, 0.74; P = .03) compared with Caucasians.CONCLUSIONS.Race was an important factor in determining outcomes after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. African Americans were less likely to undergo cystectomy at a high‐volume hospital, thereby placing them at a higher risk of postoperative complications which ultimately may affect their survival. Cancer 2007;109:542–549. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A highly efficient method for solvent‐free synthesis of bisarylmethylidenes of pyranones and thiopyranones
Authors: Abaee M. Saeed , Mojtahedi Mohammad M. , Zahedi M. Mehdi , Sharifi Roholah 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA remarkable efficient double crossed aldol condensation of heterocyclic ketones with a variety of aromatic aldehydes is described at room temperature in the presence of magnesium bromide ethyl etherate, triethylamine, and methanol under solvent‐free conditions. Excellent yields of 3,5‐bisarylmethylidenes of pyranones and thiopyranones are achieved in a facile one‐pot general procedure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:44–49, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20252
The role of nonlinear hardening/softening in probabilistic elasto‐plasticity
Authors: Sett Kallol , Jeremić Boris , Levent Kavvas M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe elastic–plastic modelling and simulations have been studied extensively in the last century. However, one crucial area of material modelling has received very little attention. The uncertainties in material properties probably have the largest influence on many aspects of structural and solids behaviour. Despite its importance, effects of uncertainties of material properties on overall response of structures and solids have rarely been studied. Most of the small number of studies on effects of material variabilities have used repetitive deterministic models through Monte‐Carlo‐type simulations. While this approach might appear sound, it cannot be both computationally efficient and statistically accurate (have statistically appropriate number of data points).Recently, we have developed a methodology to solve the probabilistic elastic–plastic differential equations. The methodology is based on Eulerian–Lagrangian form of the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation and provides for full description of the probability density function (PDF) of stress response for a given strain.In this paper we describe our development in some details. In particular, we investigate the effects of nonlinear hardening/softening on predicted PDF of stress. As it will be shown, the nonlinear hardening/softening will create a discrepancy between the most likely stress solution and the deterministic solution. This discrepancy, in fact, means that the deterministic solution is not the most likely outcome of the corresponding probabilistic solution if material parameters are uncertain (and they always are, we just tend to simplify that fact and use, for example, mean values for deterministic simulations).A number of examples will be presented, illustrating methodology and main results, some of which are quite surprising as mentioned above. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of InGaN light‐emitting diodes on GaN substrates with low threading dislocation densities
Authors: Akita Katsushi , Kyono Takashi , Yoshizumi Yusuke , Kitabayashi Hiroyuki , Katayama Koji 
Published: January 2007

AbstractInGaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on GaN substrates with low threading dislocation densities (TDDs) were fabricated, and the characteristics of the LEDs were compared with those on sapphire substrates. LEDs with 3 nm‐thick‐quantum‐wells (QWs) grown on GaN as well as on sapphire substrates showed a decrease of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) with increasing forward current, indicating that carrier localization is in play in both cases. The decrease in the EQE was, however, suppressed in LEDs grown on GaN substrates by adopting thicker QWs. The LED with 5 nm‐thick‐QWs on GaN substrate mounted p‐side down and molded with epoxy showed EQE as high as 26% at 125 A/cm2. Cathodo luminescence (CL) observations revealed the formation of dark areas related to TDDs, and the dark areas deteriorated the EQE of the LED on the sapphire substrate. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural analysis of ELO‐GaN grown on a sapphire substrate as the underlying layer of a GaN‐based laser diode
Authors: Miyajima Takao , Takeda Shingo , Tsusaka Yoshiyuki , Matsui Junji , Kudo Yoshihiro , Tomiya Shigetaka , Hino Tomonori , Goto Shu , Ikeda Masao , Narui Hironobu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractUsing micro‐beam X‐ray diffraction (XRD), small c‐axis tilting was observed in maskless epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN (ELO‐GaN), which is a suitable underlying layer for realizing a reliable GaN‐based blue‐violet laser diode. By analyzing the micro‐scale structure of ELO‐GaN without coalescence and the ambient‐temperature dependence of the tilting angle, we conclude that the small c‐axis tilting is caused by compressive stress in the seed region of ELO‐GaN. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Determination of roxatidine in human plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry and application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Shin Beom Soo , Choi Jin Won , Balthasar Joseph P. , Hong Deok Ki , Kim Jung Jun , Yoo Sun Dong 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of roxatidine in human plasma. Roxatidine was extracted by single liquid‐liquid extraction with tert‐butyl methyl ether, and the chromatographic separation was performed on a C8 column. The total analytical run time was relatively short (5 min), and the limit of assay quantification was 2 ng/mL using 0.1 mL of human plasma. Roxatidine and the internal standard, propranolol, were monitored in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode at m/z 307.3 and 260.3, respectively. The standard curve was linear over a concentration range from 2–500 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients were >0.999. The mean intra‐ and inter‐day assay accuracy ranged from 103.4–108.8% and 102.3–110.0%, respectively, and the mean intra‐ and inter‐day precision was between 3.3–8.8% and 5.3–6.2%, respectively. The developed assay method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers after oral administration of roxatidine acetate hydrochloride at a dose of 75 mg. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time optimization of dynamic systems using multiple units
Authors: Srinivasan B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractModel‐free, unconstrained, real‐time optimization of the operating point of a dynamic system involves forcing the gradient of the cost function to zero. In these methods, gradient estimation is a key issue, for which methods that perturb the input over time are used. The main limitation of these methods is that they require the dynamics of the adaptation to be two orders of magnitude slower than the system dynamics. To circumvent this limitation, a novel, simple, yet effective way of estimating the gradient is presented in this paper. Multiple identical units with non‐identical inputs are used and the gradient is computed via finite difference. Thus, the perturbation is along the ‘unit dimension’, thereby allowing a faster adaptation. The convergence of the scheme is rigorously established via Lyapunov analysis. An illustrative example is provided where the proposed scheme resulted in an 100‐fold improvement in the time needed for convergence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
English Song Repertories of the Mid-fifteenth Century
Authors: Fallows David 
Published: January 2007

Writing a year before Mozart died, Joseph Ritson prefaced the earliest attempt to summarize the history of medieval English song with the comment:
To pretend to frame a History, or any thing resembling one, from the scanty gleanings it is possible to collect upon the subject of our Ancient Songs and vulgar music, would be vain and ridiculous.Nearly two hundred years later it is still necessary to begin any such survey on a note of extreme caution and with a declaration that the picture must be built on a series of widely separated stepping-stones—or more precisely, on a scattered group of stones peeping up from the river and perhaps never intended to pave a way across. Perhaps I may continue the river metaphor for a moment by saying that a landing place is now fairly solidly established on the far bank thanks to the recent publication by John Stevens of the Fayrfax Manuscript (GB-Lbm Add. 5465), dating from around 1500, and of the English songs in the Ritson Manuscript (Add. 5665), some of which must have been copied around 1470. Further, a little way up the river, there is a more or less continuous path across provided by the English carol tradition, also fully published by John Stevens and surviving in a series of five manuscripts that are miraculously fairly even in their chronological and stylistic spacing over the years from 1430 to 1500.
Hindemith's Early Songs for Voice and Piano
Authors: Fischer Kurt Von 
Published: January 2007

In May 1917 Paul Hindemith wrote to his friend Emmy Ronnefeldt:
I realize more and more that it is high time I got free of all that old conservatory stuff! What is it that links me to all these people? Tradition! When I want to know something, nobody can help me. I can't talk seriously about music with anybody because no one any longer has ideals, and because the whole art has been reduced to craftsmanship… I want to make music I don't care whether it pleases anybody. Music has only to be true and genuine.
The Ideal Scale: Its Ætiology, Lysis and Sequelæ
Authors: Swinburne James 
Published: January 2007

Just intonation an arithmetical abstraction. Impossibility of using it when there is modulation. Flexible scale. Mean tone tuning. Question of the minor mode. Modern keyboard, and notation. Key Character. “Theory” of Harmony.When the Mathematician told the Historian that he had better let bygones be bygones, he meant that History was of no value; and it is of no value unless it can guide us in the present or future. There may be some guidance for us to gain from a retrospect of the old scales, though in one sense there is nothing new to be said. Most musicians have never heard even a single justly tuned chord, and have quite vague ideas as to what the ideal scale is, or sounds like. There is a loose general idea that quartet players, and unaccompanied singers drop into just intonation, as Wegg dropped into poetry, and that the result is very beautiful.
The Development of the Traditional Hand-Made Pipe
Authors: James Margaret 
Published: January 2007

Because of a Sound, the fortunes of The Pipers’ Guild began.It seems appropriate, therefore, that I should open this account by introducing you to that sound, then lead you, if I can, down the widening stream of our experiment. For the pipe which we made nineteen years ago, has increased in musical capacity; but never has it lost the voice with which it began—a character traditional to mountain shepherds all over the world. This is my pipe, and the tune I will play is Purcell's Fairest Isle.
The Eighteenth-Century Organ: A Parting of the Ways
Authors: Williams Peter F. 
Published: January 2007

When a member of the Association spoke to you last year on the French horn he was able to explain his points on his own instrument; but alas I cannot bring Haarlem, Weingarten or Freiberg here. It would also be unfair to enter too much into the exclusive language of organ-players, for I am reminded of Burney's remarks when writing up (as organists say) the instrument at Haarlem:
as technical terms will be unavoidable in this description, I advise my miscellaneous readers to pass it over, for it can interest none but organ-players, or persons not wholly unacquainted with the construction of that instrument.
Ubiquitin COOH-Terminal Hydrolase 1: A Biomarker of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Enhanced Tumor Cell Proliferation and Migration[?Q1: Running head: UCHL1, a Biomarker of RCC. Short title OK?Q1]
Authors: Seliger Barbara , Fedorushchenko Alla , Brenner Walburgis , Ackermann Angelika , Atkins Derek , Hanash Samir , Lichtenfels Rudolf 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2% to 3% of all malignancies. It represents one of the most radiation- and chemotherapy-resistant tumors and surgical resections are only effective in organ-defined disease. However, RCC is an immunogenic tumor with response rates to immunotherapies between 10% and 20% of the treated patients. Due to the currently inefficient therapies and the low 5-year survival rates of RCC patients, novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic markers are urgently needed for this disease.
Experimental Design: Proteome-based approaches were used to identify (a) differentially expressed proteins in RCC compared with normal kidney epithelium and (b) proteins that are able to induce an antibody response in RCC patients. Based on these experiments, a promising candidate was subsequently validated by reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot analyses, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, functional assays were done in generated transfectants.
Results: The ubiquitin COOH-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) was found to be differentially expressed in both RCC lesions and RCC cell lines and immunoreactive using patients' sera. UCHL1 expression was often down-regulated in primary RCC when compared with normal kidney epithelium but dependent on the RCC subtype, the von Hippel-Lindau phenotype, and the tumor grading. Moreover, the frequency and the level of UCHL1 expression were higher in metastases when compared with primary RCC lesions. Gain-of-function transfectants exhibited a significant higher proliferation and migration rate than UCHL1-negative RCC cells.
Conclusions: UCHL1 expression seems to be associated with the metastatic phenotype of RCC and therefore might serve as potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of RCC patients.
Increased Dose Density Is Feasible: A Pilot Study of Adjuvant Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide followed by Paclitaxel, at 10- or 11-Day Intervals with Filgrastim Support in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Fornier Monica N. , Seidman Andrew D. , Lake Diana , D'Andrea Gabriella , Bromberg Jacqueline , Robson Mark , Van Poznak Catherine , Panageas Katherine S. , Atienza Marietta , Norton Larry , Hudis Clifford 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Because Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9741 trial showed a benefit for every 14-day administration of chemotherapy compared with every 21-day treatment, we hypothesized that even greater dose density would be more effective. We conducted a pilot trial to assess the feasibility of dose-dense chemotherapy consisting of a standard regime at 10- to 11-day intervals in the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting. A 2-day window was allowed for scheduling logistics.
Experimental Design: Thirty-nine women with early-stage breast carcinoma were accrued from April 2004 to October 2004. Median age was 47 years (range, 26-67 years). Patients received therapy with 100 mg/m2 epirubicin and 600 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide (EC) q 10 to 11 days for four cycles followed by 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel q 10 to 11 days for four cycles, all with filgrastim support (300 μg s.c. daily) from day 2 to 24 h before the next treatment.
Results: Thirty-five (90%) patients completed all planned therapy. The median intertreatment interval was 10 days (range, 8-28 days). Cycles (80.7%) were delivered at no more than 10- to 11-day intervals. There were five dose reductions of 25% for grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity in five patients. Six (16%) patients developed febrile neutropenia defined as temperature &gt;38°C with absolute neutrophil count &lt;1,000/μL. All febrile neutropenia was during therapy with EC. Other grade 3 toxicities included bone pain, hand and foot syndrome, neuropathy, mucositis, nausea, and vomiting.
Conclusions: Therapy with EC for four cycles followed by paclitaxel for four cycles at 10- to 11-day intervals is feasible. The ∼30% reduction in intertreatment interval compared with every 14-day treatment could increase the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy.
IL-4 induces a wide-spectrum intracellular signaling cascade in CD8+ T cells
Authors: Acacia de Sa Pinheiro Ana , Morrot Alexandre , Chakravarty Sumana , Overstreet Michael , Bream Jay H , Irusta Pablo M , Zavala Fidel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIL-4 has distinct effects on the differentiation and functional properties of CD8+ T cells. In vivo studies have shown that it is critical for the development of protective memory responses against tumors and infections by Leishmania and Plasmodium parasites. The intracellular signaling events mediated by IL-4/IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) interactions on CD4+ T cells have been studied extensively; however, the nature of IL-4-induced signaling on CD8+ T cells has not been characterized. Using naïve, activated, as well as differentiated CD8+ T cells, we show that IL-4 has a strong in vivo and in vitro antiapoptotic effect on activated and resting CD8+ T cells. We demonstrate that IL-4 induces the phosphorylation of the IL-4R, which is followed by the activation of at least two distinct intracellular signaling cascades: the Jak1/STAT6 and the insulin receptor substrate/PI-3K/protein kinase B pathways. We also found that IL-4 induces the Jak3-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear migration of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in naïve, activated, as well as differentiated, IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. The induction of this broad signaling activity in CD8+ T cells coincides with a transcriptional activity of suppressors of cytokine signaling genes, which are decreased significantly in comparison with CD4+ T cells. To our knowledge, this report constitutes the first comprehensive analysis of the signaling events that shape CD8+ T cell responses to IL-4.
Sleep Arrangements and Behavior of Bed-Sharing Families in the Home Setting
Authors: Baddock Sally A. , Galland Barbara C. , Taylor Barry J. , Bolton David P.G. 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES. We aimed to provide a quantitative analysis of the sleep arrangements and behaviors of bed-sharing families to further understand the risks and benefits as well as the effects of infant age and room temperature on bed-sharing behaviors.
METHODS. Forty infants who regularly bed shared with ≥1 parent ≥5 hours per night were recruited. Overnight video of the family and physiological monitoring of the infant was conducted in infants' homes. Infant sleep position, potential for exposure to expired air, head covering and uncovering, breastfeeding, movements, family sleep arrangements, responses to the infant, and interactions were logged.
RESULTS. All infants slept with their mother. Fathers were included in 18 studies and siblings in 4. Infants usually slept beside the mother, separated from the father/siblings (if present), facing the mother, with head at mothers’ breast level, touching, or with mother cradling. Median overnight breastfeeding duration was 40.5 minutes. Mothers commonly faced their infant, but infants were rarely in a position that potentially exposed them to maternal expired air. Fathers were seldom in contact with the infant during sleep. Of the 102 head-covering episodes observed in 22 infants, 80% were because of changes in adult sleep position. Sixty-eight percent of head uncovering was facilitated by the mother; half of these events were prompted by the infant. A 1°C increase in room temperature decreased infant head covering by 0.2 hours.
CONCLUSIONS. The mother-infant relationship is of prime importance during bed sharing, whether the father is present or not. The focus around breastfeeding often dictates the sleep position of the infant and mother, though room temperature may also influence this. In colder rooms infants tend to spend more time with their face covered by bedding. Frequent maternal interactions rely on the ability of the mother to arouse with little stimulation. Mothers, perhaps impaired by alcohol, smoking, or overtiredness, may not be able to respond appropriately.