bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial biotechnology and beyond: A roadmap for sustainable development and climate mitigation in the transition from fossil fuels to green chemistry
Authors: Ramos Juan‐Luis , Segura Ana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur planet, which operates as a closed system, is facing increasing entropy due to human activities such as the overexploitation of natural resources and fossil fuel use. The COP28 in Dubai emphasized the urgency to abandon fossil fuels, recognizing them as the primary cause of human‐induced environmental changes, while highlighting the need to transition to renewable energies. We promote the crucial role of microbes for sustaining biogenic cycles to combat climate change and the economic potential of synthetic biology tools for producing diverse non‐fossil fuels and chemicals, thus contributing to emission reduction in transport and industry. The shift to ‘green chemistry’ encounters challenges, derived from the availability of non‐food residues and waste (mainly lignocellulosic) as raw material, the construction of cost‐effective bioprocessing plants, product recovery from fermentation broths and the utilization of leftover lignin residues for synthesizing new chemicals, aligning with circular economy and sustainable development goals. To meet the Paris Agreement goals, an urgent global shift to low‐carbon, renewable sources is imperative, ultimately leading to the cessation of our reliance on fossil fuels.
METTL3‐mediated the m6A modification of SF3B4 facilitates the development of non‐small cell lung cancer by enhancing LSM4 expression
Authors: He Guangsi , Gu Kangsheng , Wei Jie , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSplicing factor B subunit 4 (SF3B4) has been confirmed to participate in the progression of many cancers and is considered to be a potential target for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, the role and molecular mechanism of SF3B4 in NSCLC progression deserves further study.MethodsQuantitative real‐time PCR and western blot were employed to detect the mRNA and protein levels of SF3B4, Sm‐like protein 4 (LSM4) and methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3). Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and stemness were tested by cell counting kit‐8, colony formation, flow cytometry, transwell, wound healing, and sphere formation assays. The interaction between SF3B4 and METTL3 or LSM4 was confirmed by MeRIP, RIP and Co‐IP assays. Mice xenograft models were constructed to assess the effects of METTL3 and SF3B4 on NSCLC tumorigenesis.ResultsSF3B4 had high expression in NSCLC tissues and was associated with the shorter overall survival of NSCLC patients. Knockdown of SF3B4 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and stemness, while inducing apoptosis. METTL3 promoted SF3B4 mRNA stability by m6A modification, and its knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell growth, metastasis and stemness by downregulating SF3B4. SF3B4 could interact with LSM4, and sh‐SF3B4‐mediated the inhibition on NSCLC cell functions could be reversed by LSM4 overexpression. In addition, reduced METTL3 expression restrained NSCLC tumor growth, and this effect was reversed by SF3B4 overexpression.ConclusionMETTL3‐stablized SF3B4 promoted NSCLC cell growth, metastasis and stemness via positively regulating LSM4.
Arthrographic description of the canine carpal joint cavities and its recesses
Authors: Klußmann Sven , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea , Brühschwein Andreas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJoint effusion is diagnostically important. The canine carpal joint effusion, which is sometimes difficult to detect clinically, has received less attention in diagnostic ultrasound (US) studies. The aim of the present study was to provide a description of the morphological appearance of the canine carpal joint cavities and recesses using US, radiography, helical computed tomography (CT) and three‐dimensional volume rendering technique (3D‐VRT) images and to prove the applicability of musculoskeletal US for the detection of artificial carpal joint effusion in dogs. The understanding of the characteristics of these structures in normal patients is essential in the diagnosis. Twenty‐eight clinically and radiologically unremarkable canine carpal cadavers of different breeds were examined, representative images were selected and anatomical structures were labelled. The canine carpal joint cavities and in particular its recesses had a complex appearance with a basic structure found in all dogs: Antebrachiocarpal joint: dorsoproximal antebrachiocarpal recess, dorsodistal antebrachiocarpal recess, medial antebrachiocarpal recess, lateral antebrachiocarpal recess and five palmar antebrachiocarpal recesses. Middle carpal joint: two dorsal middle carpal recesses, medial common middle carpal and carpometacarpal recess, lateral common middle carpal and carpometacarpal recess, four palmar middle carpal recesses. The carpometacarpal joint had dorsal and palmar funnel‐shaped and irregular, finely tubular extensions, the most prominent ran dorsal to metacarpal III, the maximum distal end represented the proximal metacarpal diaphysis. All recesses presented ultrasonographically as a generalized anechogenic to hypoechoic filled continuation of the articular capsule with an indistinct peripheral hypoechogenic to isoechogenic fine capsule, the synovial‐connective tissue interface was difficult to identify. The novel results of this study provide the first morphological description of the ultrasonographic, radiographic and computed tomographic arthrographic appearance of the canine carpal joint cavities and recesses with different injection volumes. The canine carpal joint cavities and in particular its recesses had a complex appearance with a basic structure found in all dogs. The applicability of musculoskeletal US to visualize an artificial carpal effusion has been demonstrated. The results of this study, and in particular US, give the practitioner an advantage in visualizing joint effusion and assist in the decision to perform arthrocentesis.
Letter: Switching to tenofovir alafenamide for nucleos(t)ide analogue‐experienced patients with chronic hepatitis B can increase body weight—Authors' reply
Authors: Ogawa Eiichi 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ogawa et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17107 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17896
Letter: Association of polymorphic variant of SerpinB3 and faster cirrhosis decompensation in patients with cirrhosis—More evidence needed. Authors' reply
Authors: Martini Andrea , Pontisso Patrizia 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Martini et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17804andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17901
Victim‐survivors’ proposed solutions to addressing image‐based sexual abuse in the U.S.: Legal, corporate, educational, technological, and cultural approaches
Authors: Eaton Asia A. , Krieger Michelle A. , Siegel Jaclyn A. , Miller Abbey M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSexual violence is a world‐wide health problem that has begun to escalate in online and virtual spaces. One form of technology‐facilitated sexual violence that has grown in recent years is image‐based sexual abuse (IBSA), or the nonconsensual creation, distribution, and/or threat of distribution of nude or sexual images. Using a trauma‐informed and victim‐centered framework, we asked victim‐survivors for structural solutions to IBSA based on their own experiences. Using thematic analysis on 36 semi‐structured interviews with adult U.S. victim‐survivors of IBSA, we found that victim‐survivors proposed structural solutions to IBSA along five general dimensions: legal (creating/strengthening laws, enforcing laws, facilitating legal navigation), corporate (corporate responsibility/activism and solutions for employers), educational (IBSA education, outreach and advocacy, and developing communities of support), technological (more platform accountability, improved procedures for uploading images, better avenues for reporting and removing images, and enhanced platform policies), and cultural. Many solutions built on existing structures (e.g., sexual education in schools) and frameworks (e.g., creating support groups like those for people in recovery from alcohol abuse), enabling educational professionals, policy makers, victim‐support service providers, and corporations to readily implement them.
What characterizes adolescent young carers? A multigroup comparative study
Authors: Pilato Jade , Lamore Kristopher , Vioulac Christel , Jarrige Eléonore , Dorard Géraldine , Untas Aurélie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractContextTo identify the characteristics of adolescent young carers (AYCs), studies in the literature have compared them with non‐AYCs, but without considering that in the latter group, some face the illness of a relative whereas others do not.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were (1) to identify the characteristics of AYCs as compared with adolescents who are not young carers but are facing the illness/disability of a relative, or adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative, and (2) to identify factors associated with being a carer within adolescents facing a relative illness.MethodsA total of 4000 high school students (grades 10–12, mainly aged 15–17 years, 568 identified as AYCs, 1200 as adolescents facing the illness/disability of a relative without being a carer and 2232 as adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative) completed a self‐reported questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, illness/disability in the family, caregiving activities (MACA‐YC18 and specific emotional support scale), quality of life (KIDSCREEN‐10) and mental health (GHQ‐12). Chi‐square tests, ANOVAs and logistic regressions were performed.ResultsAYCs scored lower on the quality‐of‐life measure compared with adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative (p < .001) and had poorer mental health compared with adolescents facing the illness/disability of a relative without being a carer and adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative (p < .001). Logistic regressions showed that youth were more at risk to be an AYC when they were females (p < .001), when they had an extracurricular job (p < .001), spoke another language at home (p < .01), had siblings and were one of the oldest siblings (p < .001), and when the relative had a serious or chronic physical illness (p < .001) and lived with the youth (p < .001).ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of distinguishing AYCs, adolescents facing the illness/disability of a relative without being a carer and adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative to better describe AYCs, recognizing that as the level of care provided might change over time, adolescents facing the illness/disability of a relative without being a carer could become AYCs or inversely. The factors that emerged could be used by professionals to better identify AYCs.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of atropine oral gel formulation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Parrot Madison , Yathavan Bhuvanesh , Averin Olga , Hoggard Logan , Rower Joseph E. , Voight Michael , Greene Danielle , Tarrell Ariel , Whelan Aviva , Ghandehari Hamidreza , Murphy Nancy , Yellepeddi Venkata 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSialorrhea or drooling is a common problem in children and adults with neurodevelopmental disorders. It can negatively impact the quality of life due to its physical and psychological manifestations. Providers commonly prescribe atropine eye drops for topical administration to the oral mucosa, as an off‐label treatment to manage sialorrhea. However, the off‐label use of atropine eye drops can be associated with medication and dosing errors and systemic side effects. To address these limitations of treatment, we developed a mucoadhesive topical oral gel formulation of atropine as an alternative route to off‐label administration of atropine eye drops. In this clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) study, we evaluated the safety and PK of atropine gel (0.01% w/w) formulation after single‐dose administration to the oral mucosa in 10 healthy volunteers. The PK data showed that after topical administration to the oral mucosa, atropine followed a two‐compartment PK profile. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve extrapolated to infinite time were 0.14 ng/mL and 0.74 h·ng·mL−1, respectively. The absorption rate constant calculated by the compartmental analysis was 0.4 h−1. Safety parameters, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, did not significantly change before and after administration of the gel formulation, and no adverse events were observed in all participants who received atropine gel. These data indicate that atropine gel formulation has a satisfactory PK profile, is well‐tolerated at the dose studied, and can be further considered for clinical development as a drug product to treat sialorrhea.
Development and validation of a scoring system for in‐hospital mortality following band ligation in esophageal variceal bleeding
Authors: Ichita Chikamasa , Goto Tadahiro , Okada Yohei , Uojima Haruki , Iwagami Masao , Sasaki Akiko , Shimizu Sayuri 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop and validate a simple scoring system to predict in‐hospital mortality after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) for esophageal variceal bleeding.MethodsData from a 13‐year study involving 46 Japanese institutions were split into development (initial 7 years) and validation (last 6 years) cohorts. The study subjects were patients hospitalized for esophageal variceal bleeding and treated with EVL. Variable selection was performed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, targeting in‐hospital all‐cause mortality as the outcome. We developed the Hospital Outcome Prediction following Endoscopic Variceal Ligation (HOPE‐EVL) score from β coefficients of multivariate logistic regression and assessed its discrimination and calibration.ResultsThe study included 980 patients: 536 in the development cohort and 444 in the validation cohort. In‐hospital mortality was 13.6% and 10.1% for the respective cohorts. The scoring system used five variables: systolic blood pressure (<80 mmHg: 2 points), Glasgow Coma Scale (≤12: 1 point), total bilirubin (≥5 mg/dL: 1 point), creatinine (≥1.5 mg/dL: 1 point), and albumin (<2.8 g/dL: 1 point). The risk groups (low: 0–1, middle: 2–3, high: ≥4) in the validation cohort corresponded to observed and predicted mortality probabilities of 2.0% and 2.5%, 19.0% and 22.9%, and 57.6% and 71.9%, respectively. In this cohort, the HOPE‐EVL score demonstrated excellent discrimination ability (area under the curve [AUC] 0.890; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.850–0.930) compared with the Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score (AUC 0.853; 95% CI 0.794–0.912) and the Child–Pugh score (AUC 0.798; 95% CI 0.727–0.869).ConclusionsThe HOPE‐EVL score practically and effectively predicts in‐hospital mortality. This score could facilitate the appropriate allocation of resources and effective communication with patients and their families.
Differential effects of benzo[a]pyrene exposure on glutathione and purine metabolism in keratinocytes: Dose‐dependent and UV co‐exposure effects
Authors: Masutin Viktor , Kersch Christian , Alsaleh Rasha , Schmitz‐Spanke Simone 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the key substance benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) are widespread pollutants in the environment and at working places. Nonetheless, the exact underlying mechanisms of toxicological effects caused by B[a]P especially in absence and presence of UV irradiation remain uncertain. This study examines variations in exposure conditions: low B[a]P (4 nM), low B[a]P + UV and high B[a]P (4 μM), selected based on pertinent cytotoxicity assessments. Following cell viability evaluations post‐treatment with varied B[a]P concentrations and UV irradiation, the identified concentrations underwent detailed metabolomic analysis via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Subsequently, resulting changes in metabolic profiles across these distinct exposure groups are comprehensively compared. Chemometric analyses showed modest regulation of metabolites after low B[a]P exposure compared to control conditions. High B[a]P and low B[a]P + UV exposure significantly increased regulation of metabolic pathways, indicating that additional UV irradiation plus low B[a]P is as demanding for the cells as higher B[a]P treatment alone. Further analysis revealed exposure‐dependent regulation of glutathione—important for oxidative defence—and purine metabolism—important for DNA base synthesis. Only after low B[a]P, oxidative defence appeared to be able to compensate for B[a]P‐induced perturbations of the oxidative homeostasis. In contrast, purine metabolism already responded towards adversity at low B[a]P. The metabolomic results give an insight into the mechanisms leading to the toxic response and confirm the strong effects of co‐exposure on oxidative defence and DNA repair in the model studied.
Land surface conductance linked to precipitation: Co‐evolution of vegetation and climate in Earth system models
Authors: Franks Peter J. , Herold Nicholas , Bonan Gordon B. , Oleson Keith W. , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Huber Matthew , Schroeder Julian I. , Cox Peter M. , Jones Simon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVegetation and precipitation are known to fundamentally influence each other. However, this interdependence is not fully represented in climate models because the characteristics of land surface (canopy) conductance to water vapor and CO2 are determined independently of precipitation. Working within a coupled atmosphere and land modelling framework (CAM6/CLM5; coupled Community Atmosphere Model v6/Community Land Model v5), we have developed a new theoretical approach to characterizing land surface conductance by explicitly linking its dynamic properties to local precipitation, a robust proxy for moisture available to vegetation. This will enable regional surface conductance characteristics to shift fluidly with climate change in simulations, consistent with general principles of co‐evolution of vegetation and climate. Testing within the CAM6/CLM5 framework shows that climate simulations incorporating the new theory outperform current default configurations across several error metrics for core output variables when measured against observational data. In climate simulations for the end of this century the new, adaptive stomatal conductance scheme provides a revised prognosis for average and extreme temperatures over several large regions, with increased primary productivity through central and east Asia, and higher rainfall through North Africa and the Middle East. The new projections also reveal more frequent heatwaves than originally estimated for the south‐eastern US and sub‐Saharan Africa but less frequent heatwaves across east Europe and northeast Asia. These developments have implications for evaluating food security and risks from extreme temperatures in areas that are vulnerable to climate change.
Plant diversity and community age stabilize ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Dietrich Peter , Ebeling Anne , Meyer Sebastian T. , Asato Ana Elizabeth Bonato , Bröcher Maximilian , Gleixner Gerd , Huang Yuanyuan , Roscher Christiane , Schmid Bernhard , Vogel Anja , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is well known that biodiversity positively affects ecosystem functioning, leading to enhanced ecosystem stability. However, this knowledge is mainly based on analyses using single ecosystem functions, while studies focusing on the stability of ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) are rare. Taking advantage of a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment, we studied the effect of plant diversity (1–60 species) on EMF over 5 years, its temporal stability, as well as multifunctional resistance and resilience to a 2‐year drought event. Using split‐plot treatments, we further tested whether a shared history of plants and soil influences the studied relationships. We calculated EMF based on functions related to plants and higher‐trophic levels. Plant diversity enhanced EMF in all studied years, and this effect strengthened over the study period. Moreover, plant diversity increased the temporal stability of EMF and fostered resistance to reoccurring drought events. Old plant communities with shared plant and soil history showed a stronger plant diversity–multifunctionality relationship and higher temporal stability of EMF than younger communities without shared histories. Our results highlight the importance of old and biodiverse plant communities for EMF and its stability to extreme climate events in a world increasingly threatened by global change.
Diagnosis and treatment challenges in lower resource countries: State‐of‐the‐art
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny , Diop Saliou , Lavin Michelle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe 2022 World Federation of Haemophilia Annual Global Survey (AGS) reports that 454,690 patients with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) have been identified globally. While this represents noteworthy progress, haemophilia epidemiology data indicate that 75% of people with inherited bleeding disorders living in low‐income and low‐to‐middle‐income countries have yet to be diagnosed. The AGS also revealed that 11 billion clotting factor units are available to treat haemophilia A and B globally. Due to a lack of finance, these treatments are unavailable to haemophilia in low‐income countries with a consequence lack of access equity for haemophilia treatment in these communities. This sobering reality is not limited to haemophilia but applies to von Willebrand Disease (VWD). While VWD is the most prevalent IBD, only 103,844 people living with this condition have been diagnosed globally. Of the diagnosed patients, only a fraction live in low‐ or middle‐income countries. Moreover, the majority of VWD patients are still treated sub‐optimally without replacement therapies or prophylaxis, both of which are now accepted as global standards of care. In this state‐of‐the‐art review, the authors reflect on three issues. First, the minimum elements required to diagnose haemophilia in a resource‐constrained setting are identified. Second, this review points to the critical stakeholders and outlines their roles in removing access to haemophilia treatment barriers. Finally, the authors examine von Willebrand disease's ongoing diagnostic and treatment challenges and compare these to haemophilia. With the rapidly evolving novel therapies, the therapeutic landscape of all IBD will likely change for the better.