bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosencephalic neural folds give rise to neural crest cells in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri
Authors: Kundrát Martin , Joss Jean M. P. , Olsson Lennart 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHere we present a fate map of the prosencephalic neural fold (PNF) for the Australian lungfish. The experimental procedures were carried out on lungfish embryos at Kemp's stage 24 using three different approaches. First, either medial PNF (MPNF) or lateral PNF (LPNF) were ablated and the embryos cultured until they reached Kemp's stage 42 and 44. Ablation of the LPNF provided phenotypes with arrested development of the eye, reduction of periocular pigmentation, frontonasal deformity, and a slightly reduced olfactory organ, whereas the MPNF‐ablated phenotypes resulted in arrested development of the cornea and frontonasal deformity. Second, we labeled the mid‐axial level of the PNF with vital DiI and traced the migration of labeled cells following culture to Kemp's stage 33. Labeled PNF‐derived cells populated a basal layer of the olfactory placode, migrated into the frontonasal region, the antero‐dorsal periocular quadrant, and also terminated at positions where the forebrain meninges form at later stages. Third, we examined HNK‐1 immunoreactivity in the forebrain‐related region. We conclude that in the Australian lungfish: (1) LPNF‐derived neuroepithelium gives rise to the basal layer and contributes to the apical layer of the olfactory placode; (2) PNF‐derived NC cells appear to give rise to meningeal, periocular, and frontonasal ectomesenchyme and likely infiltrate the olfactory placode as developmental precusors of the terminal nerve; (3) HNK‐1 epitope is temporarily expressed in cells of the neural tube, NC cells, and neurogenic placodal cells. Our experiments have provided the first evidence for a premandibular NC stream (sensu Kundrát, 2008) in a fish. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:83–94, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response surface methodology and support vector machine for the optimization of separation in linear gradient elution
Authors: Hadjmohammadi Mohammad Reza , Kamel Kamyar 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExperimental design methodology was used to optimize the linear gradient elution chromatography. The effect of initial mobile phase composition (φin), initial isocratic time (tin), and gradient time (tG) on the retention times of phenyl thiohydantoin aminoacids (PTH‐amino acids) was investigated. The experiments were performed according to Box–Behnken experimental design to map the chromatographic response surface. Then multiple linear regression and support vector machine (SVM) methods were used to fit the retention times of solutes. Results shows the SVM models have better ability to predict retention time and used for grid search in factor space. The SVM models were verified, as good agreement was observed between the predicted and experimental values of retention time in the optimal condition.
Isolation of ATP from a yeast fermentation broth using a cryogel column at high flow velocities
Authors: Yan Chen , Shen Shaochuan , Yun Junxian , Wang Lianghua , Yao Kejian , Yao Shan‐Jing 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis communication presents an effective method for isolating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from a yeast fermentation broth using an anion‐exchange supermacroporous cryogel column at high flow velocities. The breakthrough and elution behaviors of pure ATP in the cryogel bed were investigated at flow velocities of 2, 5, and 10 cm/min and the ATP binding capacities were determined. Then the ATP‐containing yeast fermentation broth was employed as the test feedstock and various chromatographic runs were conducted to isolate ATP by the cryogel at different high flow velocities. The ATP samples obtained were analyzed quantitatively by HPLC. The results showed that even at a flow velocity of 5 or 10 cm/min, a product purity of 97.4 or 98.0% can be achieved, illustrating the potential of the present method for separation of high‐purity ATP directly from fermentation feedstock at high flow velocities.
Capillary electrophoretic analysis of sulfur and cyanicides speciation during cyanidation of gold complex sulfidic ores
Authors: Petre Catalin Florin , Azizi Abdelaaziz , Olsen Caroline , Baçaoui Abdelaziz , Larachi Faïçal 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA capillary electrophoretic protocol for the separation and quantification of the most important species potentially liberated during the cyanidation of gold sulfide‐rich ores was accomplished in this study. The separation of 11 ions: S2O32–, Cu(CN)32–, Fe(CN)64–, Fe(CN)63–, SCN–, Au(CN)2–, Ag(CN)2–, SO42–, OCN–, SO32–, and HS– was achieved using an indirect UV detection method. The robustness of the analytical protocol was tested by analyzing ions speciation during the cyanidation of two gold sulfide‐rich ores. The 1‐h cyanidation of the two ores released up to six complexes into solution: S2O32–, Cu(CN)32–, SCN–, Fe(CN)64–, OCN–, and SO42–. The mineralogy of the ore was found to influence directly the nature and the amount of the dissolved species. Conserving the cyanidation solution for 72 h after sampling resulted in 96% total sulfur recovery. These results allow us to conclude that the analytical protocol developed in this study can become very useful for the optimization of precious‐metals cyanidation plants.
BuChE‐K and APOE ϵ4 allele frequencies in Lewy body dementias, and influence of genotype and hyperhomocysteinemia on cognitive decline
Authors: Lane Roger , He Yunsheng , Morris Christopher , Leverenz James B. , Emre Murat , Ballard Clive 
Published: November 2008

AbstractApolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and butyrylcholinesterase‐K (BuChE‐K) are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. The primary objective was to evaluate frequencies of these alleles in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). A secondary objective was to evaluate influences on rate of cognitive decline. This analysis used data from participants consenting to pharmacogenetic testing in placebo‐controlled rivastigmine studies. Allele frequencies in DLB and PDD were compared using logistic regression. Within the PDD placebo sample, associations with cognitive decline were evaluated (the DLB sample was too small for these evaluations). Fifty‐seven DLB and 323 PDD subjects provided APOE and BuChE data. Allelic frequencies were higher in DLB, relative to PDD subjects, for BuChE‐K (P = 0.06), APOE ε4 (P < 0.001), or both alleles together (P < 0.001). More rapid cognitive decline was seen in PDD patients carrying both alleles, compared with other genotypes. Subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia were associated with more rapid decline in the presence of BuChE‐K, with or without APOE ε4. These results suggest that genetic and biochemical risk factors for AD and PDD pathology may be important in dementia onset and progression in these Lewy body disorders. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Seven‐band surface‐mount loop antenna with a capacitively coupled feed for mobile phone application
Authors: Li Wei‐Yu , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA surface‐mount loop antenna with a capacitively coupled feed capable of seven‐band operation in the mobile phone is presented. The capacitively coupled feed successfully excites the 0.5‐, 1.0‐, and 1.5‐wavelength modes of the loop antenna. Further, the presence of the capacitively coupled feed leads to a new loop path, whose length is slightly less than that of the original loop strip. The 0.5‐, 1.0‐, and 1.5‐wavelength modes of the new loop path are also excited with good impedance matching. The two 0.5‐wavelength modes of the new loop path and original loop strip form a wide bandwidth of 310 MHz for the antenna's lower band to cover GSM850/900 operation. The other modes of the two loops form a very wide bandwidth of larger than 1 GHz for the antenna's upper band to cover GSM1800/1900/UMTS/WLAN/WiMAX operation. With seven‐band operation achieved, the proposed loop antenna only occupies a small volume of 60 × 10 × 3 mm3 (1.8 cm3), and owing to its thin thickness of 3 mm only, and the antenna is very promising for thin mobile phone applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 81–88, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23955
New circularly‐polarised conical‐beam microstrip patch antenna array for short‐range communication systems
Authors: Zhou D. , Abd‐Alhameed R. A. , See C. H. , McEwan N. J. , Excell P. S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA circularly‐polarized conical‐beam microstrip patch antenna, with a coplanar conductor pattern, is realized as an array of a number of stripline‐fed slotted patches whose diagonal corners are cut off and whose feedlines meet at a central point. Prototypes of such an antenna array with four patches are studied and tested. The results show reasonable agreement between measured and theoretical results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 78–81, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23956
Wideband calibration of photodetector frequency response based on optical heterodyne measurement
Authors: Miao Ang , Huang Yongqing , Huang Hui , Wang Rui , Wang Song , Ren Xiaomin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this article, an accurate wideband calibration method for photodetector frequency response measurement by optical heterodyne measurement technique, which uses two single‐mode tunable lasers operating near the wavelength of 1.55 mm, has been proposed. The errors introduced by extra fixture as well as laser output fluctuations were considered and eliminated simultaneously. Experimental result indicates that significant improvement in measurement accuracy has been achieved in the frequency range from 0 to 48.65 GHz, and the calibrated photodetector frequency response is matched well with the standard data provided by the manufacturer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 44–48, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23957
Evaluation of GaN technology in power amplifier design
Authors: Colantonio Paolo , Giannini Franco , Giofrè Rocco , Piazzon Luca 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this contribution the features of GaN technology for power applications will be explored from the designer point of view. Therefore, the active device will be studied as a black box using its simplified model and putting in evidence the role of its key parameters such as the knee voltage, the breakdown voltage, etc. At the end, the experimental results of several power amplifiers designed using different strategies will be presented to highlight both, the capabilities and/or drawbacks of such material. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 42–44, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23958
A novel cylindrical UWB antenna
Authors: Chen Guan‐Yu , Sun Jwo‐Shiun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn ultra small low‐profile, top‐loaded, low‐Q hollow cylindrical monopole antenna for ultra‐wideband (UWB) operations is proposed. A hollow cylindrical radiator with ground plane for tapered effect is used to enhance the impedance matching and frequency range. The designed UWB antenna from 3 to 20 GHz is attainable. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 217–218, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23963
Comparisons of foot currents in homogeneous and inhomogeneous human models exposed to a cellular phone base station
Authors: Chen Hsing‐Yi , Chuang Chen‐Yi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFoot currents induced in human bodies exposed to a cellular phone base station were calculated by the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method and measured by a parallel plate meter at 1869 MHz. From simulations, it is shown that the foot currents obtained by using inhomogeneous models have slightly lower values than those obtained by using homogeneous models. From simulation results and measurement data, it is found that the theory of FDTD method makes a good agreement with the experiment. It is also found that the maximum foot currents of 20.73 and 18.51 mA were obtained by measurements and calculations, respectively, when a human stands barefoot at a distance of 10 m from the cellular phone base station. From measurements and calculations, the foot currents are reduced by a factor of about 0.72–0.91 and 0.78–0.8, respectively, when the condition is changed from standing barefoot to wearing shoes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 213–216, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23964
LTCC integrated air‐filled waveguides for G‐band applications
Authors: Tick Timo , Jäntti Jyri , Henry Manju , Free Charles , Jantunen Heli 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article describes the fabrication of air‐filled waveguides having solid metallic walls inside a low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. A fabrication method for metal coating the waveguide walls is proposed, and the preparation of air‐filled waveguides with existing LTCC process technology is described in detail. Demonstrator waveguides operating at 140–190 GHz frequency were fabricated and their electrical performance was measured. Total loss of around 0.13 dB/mm was measured at the center frequency of 150 MHz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 176–178, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23965
Microstrip bandstop filter using a dual‐mode square loop resonator
Authors: Eryilmaz G. Murat , Gunturkun Elif , Gorur Adnan , Karpuz Ceyhun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDual‐mode microstrip bandstop filter, which has an inductive or capacitive perturbation element located at one of its corners, with a 90°‐bended λ/4 microstrip feeding line is proposed. The degenerate mode splitting of a conventional dual‐mode square loop resonator and the coupling coefficient between these modes are investigated. The filter characteristic is changed by the perturbation size. Finally, a novel dual‐mode microstrip bandstop filter is designed and realized using degenerate modes of dual‐mode microstrip square loop resonator. Two filters are designed, fabricated, and measured to demonstrate the validity of the proposed bandstop characteristic. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 147–150, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23967
Multiwavelength source based on SOA and EDFA in a ring‐cavity resonator
Authors: Shahi S. , Harun S. W. , Sulaiman A. H. , Thambiratnam K. , Ahmad H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA multiwavelength source incorporating a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in a ring‐cavity configuration was demonstrated. The multiwavelength source was able to generate more than 13 channels at −27 dBm and above at a SOA bias current of 300 mA and 980‐nm pump power of 92 mW. The number of wavelengths generated can be controlled by adjusting the birefringence of the ring cavity using the polarization controllers. The proposed laser has constant channel spacing of 0.8 nm, which is suitable for communication and sensing applications, and shows stable operation at room temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 110–113, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23970
Three‐pole cross‐coupled substrate‐integrated waveguide bandpass filters based on PCB process and multilayer LTCC technology
Authors: Wei Qi‐Fu , Li Zheng‐Fan , Li Lin , Zhang Wen‐Jian , Mao Jun‐Fa 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis letter presents the design, implementation and experiment of planar and multilayer three‐pole cross‐coupled bandpass filters realized by substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW). The two three‐pole filters centered at 10 GHz with one transmission zero are simulated by using full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulator. Then they are fabricated with printed circuit board (PCB) process and with multilayer low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology, respectively. By the comparison between the two filters, it is easily seen that the multilayer SIW filter based on LTCC technology occupies a very small area while obtaining good performance. The measured results coincide with the simulated results very well and show the superiority of multilayer LTCC technology. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 71–73, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23972
Humidity fiber sensors based on superstructure fiber Bragg gratings coated with porous sol gel
Authors: Ai Lung , Liu Wen‐Fung , Fu Ming‐Yue , Chen Tzu‐Chiang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA fiber sensor based on an etched superstructure fiber Bragg grating coated with the thin film of sol–gel is used for measuring the relative humidity. The operation mechanism of this sensor is based on that sol–gel materials can react with H2O molecules to result in its reflective index change and then to cause both Bragg wavelength shift. The diameter of the superstructure fiber Bragg grating is etched down to 20 μm for obtaining the sensitivity of 0.014 nm/1%RH. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 40–42, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23973
Finite element analysis of quantum states in layered quantum semiconductor structures with band nonparabolicity effect
Authors: Le Khai Q. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA simultaneous calculation of eigenstates in the layered quantum semiconductor structures using the finite element method was developed. We proposed the approximation to linearize the nonlinear eigenvalue problem due to nonparabolicity effect and found the application range for the approach. The finite element calculation results showed an excellent agreement with the published results obtained by other authors. In addition, our calculated results confirm that the effect of nonparabolicity on the transition energy shift is considerably large for higher subbands and should be taken into account in the simulation and design of light emitters based on layered quantum semiconductor structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1–5, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23976
Strip‐loaded CPW‐fed pentagonal antenna for GPS/WiMAX/WLAN applications
Authors: Liu Wen‐Chung , Song Chau‐Chung , Chung Shih‐Hsiung , Jaw Jieh‐La 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDesign of a CPW‐fed monopole antenna for multinetwork application is presented. The radiation mechanism of such an antenna has been investigated, based on a moment‐method numerical analysis and experimental measurement. The antenna with a pentagonal patch and an inverted U‐shaped strip is fed by a CPW structure and can excite multiresonance modes, which therefore provide dual continuous frequency bands, to cover the GPS L1 band, 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands, and 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands. The effects of the pentagonal patch with different added loads are analyzed and the prototype of optimized design has been constructed and measured. The measured results explore good radiation characteristics including monopole‐like patterns, good impedance matching, and high‐peak antenna gains for operating over the two frequency ranges. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 48–52, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23979
Coupled‐fed small‐size PIFA for penta‐band folder‐type mobile phone application
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hua , Wong Kin‐Lu , Row Jeen‐Sheen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA small‐size planar inverted‐F antennas (PIFA) for penta‐band operation in the folder‐type mobile phone is presented. The PIFA occupies a small volume of 2.1 cm3 only. Instead of using the conventional direct contact feed, the proposed PIFA uses a coupling feed, which allows the antenna in its open state or talk condition to generate a dual‐resonance lower band of bandwidth 300 MHz (780–1080 MHz, 3:1 VSWR or 6‐dB return loss) to cover GSM850/900 operation. In addition, the PIFA can also generate a very wide upper band of bandwidth 925 MHz (1368–2293 MHz) to cover GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. When the mobile phone is in its close state or standby condition, the obtained lower and upper bands can still cover GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS penta‐band operation with impedance matching better than 6:1 VSWR or 3‐dB return loss, which is acceptable for the mobile phone in standby condition for practical applications. Details of the proposed PIFA and the obtained results are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 18–23, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23980
Reconfigurable circularly polarized microstrip antenna with dual‐frequency operation
Authors: Han Tuan‐Yung , Tseng Lin‐Yu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna with dual‐frequency operation is presented. The proposed antenna has a square radiating patch with four shorting pins, and it is excited by an L‐shaped strip through the coupling of a ring‐slot in the ground plane. Five PIN diodes are attached to the proposed antenna, and the ability to reconfigure the CP performances is achieved by switching these diodes in certain sequences. The measured results demonstrated that the proposed dual‐frequency antenna is able to operate with a small frequency ratio radiating in the same polarization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 29–32, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23987
A simple smart composite using fiber Bragg grating sensors for strain and temperature discrimination
Authors: Frazão O. , Oliveira R. , Dias I. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA smart laminated composite with a simple geometry was produced with embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors. The smart structure is composed of two Bragg gratings located in regions of different thicknesses of the laminated composite. Although one of the Bragg gratings is embedded between two layers, the other is embedded in four layers. When the strain is applied to the smart composite, different response is obtained. Because of this characteristic it is possible to discriminate strain and temperature using a traditional matrix method. To reduce the inherent error, an artificial neural network approach is proposed that will improve the strain and temperature measurement discrimination when using this new configuration. These instrumented carbon fiber laminates can be used for monitoring of reinforcement and protection of structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 235–239, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23990
Novel microstrip lowpass filter using stepped impedance resonator and spurline resonator
Authors: Li Lingyu , Liu Haiwen , Teng Baohua , Shi Zhiguo , Li Wenming , Li Xiaohua , Wang Shuxin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA novel low‐pass filter (LPF) is introduced in this article. The filter consists of a pair of feed lines with spurline resonators and a compact step impedance hairpin resonator. Because of the use of spurline resonators, the LPF exhibits better stopband characteristics and improved ripples performances. The proposed microstrip filter was examined, simulated, and measured. Measurements are given and a good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 196–197, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23993