bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philosophy and information science: The basics
Authors: Fallis Don , Furner Jonathan , Mathiesen Kay , Renear Allen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractJudging by the reception of recent special issues of Social Epistemology (16, no. 1, 2002), Library Trends (52, no. 3, 2004), and the Journal of Documentation (61, no. 1, 2005), current levels of interest in philosophical topics among information scientists are high. Yet it can be difficult for the non‐specialist to gain effective entry to a literature that is sometimes perceived to have limited practical application and to be characterized by a forbidding technical vocabulary. In this panel session, four speakers with expertise in both information science and philosophy (Fallis, Ph.D. Philosophy, UC Irvine; Furner, M.A. Philosophy, Cambridge; Mathiesen, Ph.D. Philosophy, UC Irvine; Renear, Ph.D. Philosophy, Brown) will introduce attendees to the disciplinary intersection of the two fields by considering current issues, inviting comments, and provoking discussion among the panelists and the audience. The general questions to be discussed will include the following: What can information scientists learn from the advances being made in contemporary analytical philosophy? What relevance do ontology, epistemology, ethics, and philosophy of art have for the practicing information professional? What distinguishes “philosophy of information” from related fields? What are the issues and trends that are revealed as significant when we look at information‐related phenomena, practices, and scholarship from a philosophical viewpoint? What are the various ways in which taking a philosophical approach can help us to understand information‐related problems? How may philosophical work in information science be evaluated? And in what directions is such work likely to proceed in the future?
The Special Case of Scientific Data Sharing with Education
Authors: Wallis Jillian C. , Milojevic Stasa , Borgman Christine L. , Sandoval William A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe seemingly simple task of reusing data for science education relies on the presence of scientific data, scientists willing to share, infrastructure to provide access, and mechanisms to share between the two disparate communities of scientists and science students. What makes sharing between scientists and science students a special case of data sharing, is that all of the implicit knowledge attending the data must pass along this same vector. Our work at the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing studying aspects of this data reuse problem has shown us a rough outline of how the future of this data sharing will look. Our approach is to start from the prospective of the scientists, looking for opportunities to support scientific research, and then leveraging the data for reuse by education. The investment needed to capture high quality scientific data necessitates the consideration of reuse by the general population as well as other interested scientific parties.
Patterns and Inconsistencies in Collaborative Tagging Systems: An Examination of Tagging Practices
Authors: Kipp Margaret E.I. , Campbell D. Grant 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper analyzes the tagging patterns exhibited by users of del.icio.us, to assess how collaborative tagging supports and enhances traditional ways of classifying and indexing documents. Using frequency data and co‐word analysis matrices analyzed by multi‐dimensional scaling, the authors discovered that tagging practices to some extent work in ways that are continuous with conventional indexing. Small numbers of tags tend to emerge by unspoken consensus, and inconsistencies follow several predictable patterns that can easily be anticipated. However, the tags also indicated intriguing practices relating to time and task which suggest the presence of an extra dimension in classification and organization, a dimension which conventional systems are unable to facilitate.
Modeling Our Understanding, Understanding Our Models – The Case of Inheritance in FRBR
Authors: Renear Allen H. , Choi Yunseon 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) presents a compelling and influential model of the “bibliographic universe.” However there are interesting variations between FRBR's formal model and the narrative expositions of FRBR's authors and explicators – that is, between the formal model and the framework as more broadly understood by the FRBR community. In this paper we argue that despite a widespread belief to the contrary, attribute inheritance down the “hierarchy” of Group 1 entities is inconsistent both with the formal model and with the general spirit of the project. We believe these observations reveal an ongoing uncertainty about the nature of bibliographic entities as well as difficulties in maintaining a clear and exact understanding of the models we are using to represent those entities – even when those models are our own creation.
The role of community‐based, problem‐centered information intermediaries in local problem solving
Authors: Durrance Joan C. , Walker Dana , Souden Maria , Fisher Karen E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLobbying for school reform, cleaning up graffiti, and enacting noise ordinances are daily problem‐based activities performed by organized citizen groups. Routinely in the course of problem‐solving, these organizations‐both formal and informal‐seek out, interpret, distill, and re‐frame information. But understanding information access and use in a community where a range of community‐based, organized groups play the role of information seeker as well as information provider and facilitator presents a challenge to the researcher. In these settings, information researchers must address the context of the community and the multiple roles that the community‐based groups play in the local information environment. In this paper we argue that organized local groups are critical to the information landscape of communities precisely because they play important intermediation roles. Based on our field work conducted in Hartford, Connecticut, we identified several broad strategies employed by problem‐centered information intermediaries. They make information relevant for their constituents by distilling, tailoring, and vetting. They use formal and informal mechanisms to collect and share information. Finally, they prepare information for specific uses and disseminate it broadly to the community. Though these civic intermediaries share characteristics with the broad information intermediary role of information professionals, they are different in their focus, purpose and attitudinal perspective toward information.
Informal Communication in Collaboratories
Authors: Luo Airong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examines how collaboratories affect informal scientific communication. Collaboratories are virtual organizations, where various information technologies are adopted to support distributed scientific work. In this paper, a framework to understand factors affecting informal communication are presented and how these factors play out in collaboratories are discussed. The results of data analysis suggest that collaboratories bring about new opportunities, but there are also barriers to informal communication in collaboratories. Peripheral scientists encounter more barriers than their partners in US and Europe. The paper concludes with a discussion of areas for future research and implications of this study.
Digital access to government information: To what extent are agencies in compliance with EFOIA?
Authors: Oltmann Shannon M. , Rosenbaum Howard , Hara Noriko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCitizen access to government information is thought by many to be a cornerstone of democracy. The Electronic Freedom of Information Act (EFOIA), passed in 1996, established a legal right for people to request and receive government information in digital format and required agencies to provide specific information on their websites. Many commentators agreed that this law was a positive step and would improve citizen access to government information. This paper adopts a social informatics perspective to assess this prevailing view by examining the underlying assumptions about technology on which discourse is based. It then supports this critical assessment with an empirical investigation. First, compliance with Department of Justice guidelines was examined (following Gordon‐Murnane, 1999). Then we analyzed the content of agencies' electronic reading rooms to determine if they were in compliance with the law. Our analysis determined that agencies are in better compliance with the Department of Justice guidelines, but many do not comply with the legal requirements. Agencies could improve their compliance with the letter and the spirit of EFOIA. In this way, our study contributes to bodies of research concerned with information access, social informatics, and digital government.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First‐author Citation Counts
Authors: Zhao Dangzhi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe conducted a full‐scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first‐author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first‐author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well‐supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods.
Personal digital collections
Authors: Quiroga Luz M. , Barreau Deborah , Jones William , Borgman Christine , Marshall Cathy 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe vast growth in digital content generated by individuals marks a new social trend known as “Generation C” (www.trendwatching.com/trends/GENERATION_C.htm). Personal content ranges from informal to formal, and includes scholarly papers, blogs, genealogical records, personal webpages, photo albums, family videos, music collections, power point presentations, bookmarks, personal correspondence, articles, computer programs, audio recordings (e.g. research interviews), spaces in collaborative systems, and personal digital libraries. Digital storage available for personal use continues to increase dramatically in capacity while declining in cost. Panelists will address challenges in the design of personal digital collections such as gathering, organizing, preserving, segmenting, accessing, and using digital content. Panelists are leaders in their field, representing an array of perspectives.
Toward a better understanding of help seeking behavior: An evaluation of help mechanisms in two IR systems
Authors: Xie Hong (Iris) , Cool Colleen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHelp‐seeking can be viewed as a multi‐dimensional information behavior which often overlaps with both information seeking and searching. Within IR, though, there has been little research devoted to understanding how people learn to use help functionalities effectively. Research reported in this paper addresses this gap. After searching in two IR systems, fifty participants completed a self‐administered questionnaire which consists of their ways of leaning how to use the help mechanisms, difficulties associated with this learning process, their general evaluation of the help mechanisms, with specification of features that they liked and disliked, specific aspects of the help mechanism that assisted participants in the search process, and their evaluation of the interaction between the searcher and the help mechanisms. The results show that that people prefer specific help, visual help, and help with demos instead of general help, text help, and help with description. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are further discussed.
Formal information support systems for domestic violence victims
Authors: Westbrook Lynn 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSurvivors of domestic violence (DV) seek information on many issues under stressful and even dangerous circumstances. Numerous agencies use multiple information formats to structure segments of formal information systems in support of these crime victims. The effort of e‐government to make full use of the Internet's potential for interactive, substantive information provision is a key feature of this system. Many users rely on this formal system in times of crisis as well as during the often lengthy, incremental movement toward safety. Nevertheless, no post‐Internet examination of the nature or efficacy of the system has been conducted in the United States. This study examines the information needs and concerns of DV survivors and those who seek to assist them, as well as the nature of this formal system. Using a two‐stage combination of interviews and questionnaires, the study involves survivors, safe‐house directors, police officers, health care workers, public library reference staff, and social service directors in several demographically diverse Texas cities. A web‐site analysis of the relevant e‐government and safe‐house sites in each city extends the work. This study constitutes the first regional analysis in the U.S. of post‐Internet formal information systems for the support of DV victims.
Towards a model of information scatter: Implications for search and design
Authors: Bhavnani Suresh K. , Peck Frederick A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecent studies suggest that users often retrieve incomplete healthcare information because of the complex and skewed distribution of facts across relevant webpages. To understand the causes for such skewed distributions, this paper presents the results of two analyses: (1) A distribution analysis discusses how facts related to healthcare topics are scattered across high‐quality healthcare pages. (2) A cluster analysis of the same data suggests that the skewed distribution can be explained by the existence of three page profiles that vary in information density, each of which play in important role in providing comprehensive information of a topic. The above analyses provide clues towards a model of information scatter which describes how the design decisions by individual webpage authors could collectively lead to the scatter of information as observed in the data. The analyses also suggest implications for the design of websites, search algorithms, and search interfaces to help users find comprehensive information about a topic.
Suggesting Japanese subject headings using web information resources
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi , Murakami Harumi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method that suggests BSH4 (Japan Library Association, 1999) subject headings according to user queries when pattern matching algorithms fail to produce a hit. As user queries are diverse and unpredictable, we explore a method that makes a suggestion even when the query is a new word. We investigate the use of information obtained from Wikipedia (“Wikipedia,” n.d.), the Amazon Web Service (AWS), and Google. We implemented the method, and our system suggests ten BSH4 subject headings according to user queries.
Thesaurus‐enhanced visual interfaces for multilingual information retrieval
Authors: Shiri Ali , Ruecker Stan , Anvik Karl , Rossello Ximena 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUser interfaces to information retrieval systems play a major role in assisting users to search, browse and retrieve information relevant to their needs. Recently, commercial information retrieval system vendors have incorporated thesauri into search interfaces in order to assist users in the process of search term selection, query formulation and expansion. Some of these systems have provided thesaurus facilities only in advanced search modes while others have provided the facilities on main search pages. The aim of this paper is to report on the development of a visual interface for multilingual thesauri to support thesaurus‐based browsing and searching of multilingual digital collections.
Measuring affective reactions on information objects: Quantitative vs. qualitative analysis
Authors: Lopatovska Irene 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo measures of affective reactions on information objects were tested in an experiment. Participants were given a question and a set of nine websites to find the answer. Participants were asked to evaluate the websites they reviewed by assigning Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Experienced Utility (EU) values to each website. WTP measure was solicited by asking participants to assign dollar amounts to their experiences with the given websites. EU measure was solicited by asking participants to rate their experience with the website using a slider scale from “negative” to “positive”. Participants were also asked to write short statements explaining their rationale for assigning the two values. Statistical analysis of the WTP and EU values showed statistically significant correlation of the two measures with the availability of answer on a website. The content analysis of participants' explanations of the rationale for assigning the values revealed that WTP reflects rational value of an object for completing the task while EU reflects emotional, task‐neutral value of an object.
iChoice: Applied value‐sensitive human‐computer interaction design
Authors: Moore Tony A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis work looks at the design and use of peer‐to‐peer file sharing software as a vehicle for examining sociotechnical interactions, particularly how values influence the design and use of technologies. By studying peer‐to‐peer network use it is my hope that issues of personal and community values align with their stated moral objectives. Guided by Value‐Sensitive Design (VSD) and Participatory Design (PD) theories, I have developed, designed, and evaluated a new application that takes into account stated user values throughout each phase of the design process. Results showed that when an application explicitly incorporates user feedback, said users will have a more enjoyable experience and will be more likely to choose those technologies that reflect their values.
Initial articles in library catalog title searches: An impediment to information retrieval
Authors: Corrado Edward M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractInitial articles have posed difficulty for end‐users since the first online library catalogs. This study examines the way users search using left‐anchored title searches for items that contain insignificant initial articles in a library catalog. It also investigates how users react when they do not find an item because their search phrase included an insignificant initial article. The results show that a considerable number of users do not find existing titles that have insignificant initial articles because their search strategy does not coincide with the way the Library Management System was designed to handle index and retrieve these titles. Suggestions for further research are offered.
Augmenting memory for student learning: Designing a context‐aware capture system for biology education
Authors: Barreau Deborah , Crystal Abe , Greenberg Jane , Sharma Anuj , Conway Michael , Oberlin John , Shoffner Michael , Seiberling Stephen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Memex Metadata for Student Portfolios (M2) project is using mobile technology to augment student memory and improve student learning. We have constructed a student‐targeted Context Awareness Framework (CAF) and we are developing a metadata scheme that integrates the CAF with a variety of mobile technologies. In particular, we are exploring the use of Microsoft SenseCams, which capture images and sensory data approximately every 90 seconds and can extend student memory, enabling for an enriched learning experience for undergraduate biology students. We are exploring the use of SenseCams along with other mobile devices (e.g., a GIS and Tablet PC) for biology students conducting scientific field work such as specimen identification. The development of our CAF and metadata scheme also support the development of e‐portfolios that can extend student memory and maintain useful records of educational activities. This paper presents research and development activities underlying the M2 project, including research methods, evaluation activities, and next steps.
Multiple access to PubMed: A proposal of utilizing MeSH as a term suggestion tool for PubMed bibliographic search
Authors: Tang Muh‐Chyun , Lytkin Nikita 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOrigin of the Problem One of the critical problems faced by the user searching for a heterogeneous and massive bibliographic database such as PubMed is the difficulty of managing the returned results. Several system features of PubMed (e.g. default explode function and free‐text indexing in title and abstract fields) that aim at facilitating end‐user search tend to increase indexing exhaustivity and therefore favor search recall at the expense of precision. Faced with the unmanageable amount of returned results and without an efficient tool to systematically narrow down their searches, users are often left with few options but to hastily browse the first few returned pages. The consequence of information overload creates at least two barriers to a successful user‐system communication. Firstly, there in no telling whether there might be documents relevant to users needs buried deep down in the returned set that never get the chance of being viewed. Secondly, the skimming of the surface of the returned set also gives incomplete feedback for the judgment of users query performance. We propose an interface that makes use the existing structure of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) to help users manage search results.The proposed solution: using MeSH as a term suggestion tool In an automatic indexing environment where the indexing exhaustivity is quite high, short queries usually produce unmanageably large returned sets. The lack of precision of the search can be alleviated, however, by eliciting longer queries from the user. To elicit more terms from users, we propose a term suggestion feature that utilizes the classification structure of MeSH. The tool involves extracting MeSH terms present in the returned set after the user submit her/his query. These terms are considered conceptually associated with the original query due to their co‐occurrences in the retrieved records.Extracted terms presentation It is crucial to organize and present the extracted MeSH terms in a manner that makes efficient browsing and selection possible. We plan to experiment and compare two ways of presenting the MeSH terms to the user. The baseline system will simply rank the terms based on their frequency in the original returned set. The other presentation method will organize the extracted terms using the 15 top‐level semantic categories of MeSH. Terms co‐occur with the initial query will be mapped against the MeSH tree with the non‐occurring terms left out. Thus a filtered MeSH tree that includes only the extracted terms will be generated dynamically each time a query is submitted. The user will be given the option of browsing and selecting terms from the post‐querying MeSH tree.