bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF OESTROGENS.
Authors: Lorenzen I. , Schiff M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of conjugated equine oestrogen (Premarin®, in the following abbreviated to P) on experimental aortic arteriosclerosis as well as on the normal aortae of male albino rabbits was studied. Arteriosclerosis was induced by injections of noradrenaline and L-thyroxine. Using morphological as well as biochemical methods, no effect of P could be demonstrated on the mucopolysaccharides and collagen of the normal rabbit aortae. Nor did P affect the extent of the gross and microscopic arteriosclerotic changes. A slight increase in the total content of collagen in the P injected group with arteriosclerosis possibly indicated a slightly more extensive vascular damage and subsequent arterial repair in the P group.
HODEN-MORPHOLOGIE UND -FUNKTION UNTER DER EINWIRKUNG VON PMS UND HCG BEI GLEICHZEITIGER ANTIANDROGEN-BEHANDLUNG
Authors: Neumann F. , Steinbeck H. , Elger W. , von Berswordt-Wallrabe R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of the antiandrogen 1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-dien-17α-ol-3,20-dion-17-acetate (= Cyproterone acetate)** on testes and accessory sexual glands was investigated in intact immature, intact adult and hypophysectomized adult rats treated with PMS or HCG, respectively. Within the testis, the antiandrogen failed to affect the gonadotrophinmediated stimulation of the Leydig cells. On the other hand, it depressed spermiogenesis as well as the accessory sexual gland weights. From histologic pictures it could be seen that Cyproterone acetate exerted its depressing effect on spermiogenesis and accessory sexual glands in the presence of highly stimulated and thus testosterone producing Leydig cells. It is concluded that Cyproterone acetate does not interfere with gonadotrophins directly but only with secondary androgen-mediated effects of gonadotrophins by means of a competitive block of androgen-receptors within the target organs.
MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING AND CORTICOTROPHIC ACTIVITIES IN HUMAN FOETAL PITUITARY GLANDS
Authors: Kastin Abba J. , Gennser Gerhard , Arimura Akira , Miller M. Clinton , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and corticotrophin (ACTH) activities were determined in the pituitary glands of 24 human foetuses ranging in gestational age from 11 to 23 weeks. Both hormonal activities were present in every pituitary gland examined. The foetal developmental factors were significantly correlated as were the MSH and ACTH activities. Although the mU per mg of ACTH correlated negatively with development, no correlation between MSH and development was found.
ALTERATIONS OF ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS BY RAT ADRENAL TISSUE DUE TO INCREASED INTAKE OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM
Authors: Müller Jürg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three groups of rats received respectively the following drinking fluids for two weeks: sucrose 5%; NaCl 0.154 m + sucrose; KCl 0.154 m+ sucrose. Aldosterone biosynthesis by quartered adrenal glands of these animals was studied under various in vitro conditions. Adrenals from rats drinking sucrose alone produced significantly more aldosterone under all conditions of incubation than adrenals from rats drinking NaCl, which produced more corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone. Tissue from animals drinking NaCl converted less unlabelled progesterone, 11β-hydroxyprogesterone, deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone to aldosterone and incorporated less tritiated pregnenolone, progesterone, deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone into aldosterone. Adrenals from rats drinking KCl produced less aldosterone than adrenals from rats drinking sucrose under basal conditions but not under stimulation by ACTH or potassium ions. In both groups, the production of corticosterone and of deoxycorticosterone was the same under various test conditions. These results indicate that a high sodium intake inactivates one or both enzymes essential for the conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone, whereas a high potassium intake has no significant effect on these later steps of aldosterone biosynthesis.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT HORMONES ON BONE FORMATION IN RATS
Authors: Bohr H. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bone formation in rats has been evaluated by means of measurement of the retention in the bones of radioactive calcium given continuously with the food and determinations of the growth rate by means of repeated tetracycline labelling. In relation to age the retention of radioactive calcium in per cent of the intake varies in a manner similar to the growth and the increase in body weight in normal rats showing a rapid fall from the age of 3 to 6 months and from then on diminishing only slowly. During treatment with methyl-prednisolone growth practically stops and the retention of radioactive calcium is markedly reduced. At the same time a substantial loss in body weight takes place while the intake of food is comparatively little reduced. Treatment with methyl-androstenolone-oenanthat (Primobolan®) causes an increase in growth rate and weight gain. The retention of radioactive calcium was increased in 6 months old animals, although not in animals 9 months of age. This anabolic hormone did not, however, counteract the effect of methyl-prednisolone. No influence of growth or retention of radioactive calcium was observed following treatment with hog growth hormone (Somatropin®) or ovine prolactin (Prolaktin®).
DRY, VERTICAL WICK CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DETERMINATION OF SERUM GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Yde Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A modification of the chromatographic method for determination of growth hormone using vertical »dry« chromatography with Whatman 3 MC paper is described. This inexpensive and rapid technique gives a better separation of free from antibody-bound growth hormone than previously published chromatographic techniques. It also gives good reproducibility, with an average recovery percentage of 104. There are high values in acromegalics and unmeasurable values in hypophysectomized patients. The values obtained are independent of antibody concentration.
BIREFRINGENT CRYSTALS IN HUMAN THYROID
Authors: MacMahon H. Edward , Lee Ho Yong , Rivelis Clara F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A histological examination of 500 thyroid glands from unselected autopsies confirmed the earlier observation of Günther and Richter that anisotrophic crystals are commonly found in the thyroid gland. They may be found at all ages and in both sexes. They may be found in premature infants as early as colloid appears in the follicle. These crystals are most abundant in the elderly. They tend to disappear in thyroid glands badly damaged by disease. They have been identified as calcium oxylate monohydrate. Similar crystals are not seen in any other organ in the body. Their presence is an enigma.
EFFECT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DECIDUOMA ON STEROID HYPERTENSION IN THE RAT
Authors: Moore H. C. , Biliczki F. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experimental deciduomas which are maintained for 5 to 6 days do not lower the blood pressure in steroid hypertensive rats. In animals maintained longer only the metrial gland of the deciduoma survives but this too does not have a hypotensive action.
It is concluded that the maternal decidual reaction in pregnant hypertensive rats is not responsible for the fall of blood pressure when this occurs at an equivalent time of gestation of up to 10 or 11 days and that the metrial gland is not responsible for the fall of blood pressure at whatever time the fall occurs during gestation.
STUDIES ON THE THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE MOUSE
Authors: Melander Arne , Rerup Claus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The thyroid activity of NMRI mice injected with 131I was studied by repeated measurements of blood 131I, plasma protein bound 131I (PB131I) and non-protein-bound 131I (NPB131I) concentrations.
It was demonstrated that
PB131I constituted about 90% of the total plasma 131I, and that PB131I and NPB131I were eliminated in parallel according to a first order reaction, with a half-life of about five days, a single dose of 20 μg thyroxine (T4) was followed by low PB131I and NPB131I levels for three days; a fall in the PB131I was observed within two hours. A single dose of 20 mU thyrotrophin (TSH) was followed by raised PB131I and NPB131I levels within two hours, hypophysectomized mice, either treated or not treated with T4, had high NPB131I levels, and showed blood 131I levels above those of T4 treated intact mice, although they all had equally low PB131I levels. Cortisone treated hypophysectomized mice, however, had blood 131I, PB131I and NPB131I levels of the same low order as was observed for T4 treated intact mice. Corticosteroid treatment of normal mice did not measurably influence the PB131I but depressed the NPB131I levels, acute exposure of normal mice to cold or heat was followed by increased and decreased PB131I levels, respectively, but induced no change in the PB131I in hypophysectomized or T4 blocked mice. No alteration in the total plasma protein concentration was noted in normal mice after similar changes in temperature.
It is suggested that, in the NMRI mouse,
the PB131I level, rather than the blood 131I level, is a useful, though indirect, index of the circulating TSH level, whereas the NPB131I mainly represents inorganic radio-iodine, derived from thyroid hormone deiodination, a high T4 dose induces a total loss of circulating TSH for three days, and that a normal TSH secretion is re-established within another two days, hypophysectomy is, in addition to the loss of TSH, followed by high inorganic iodine levels, mainly due to a lack of circulating corticosteroids, corticosteroids do not influence TSH secretion but increase the elimination of inorganic iodine from the blood in both normal and hypophysectomized mice, acute exposure to cold or heat is followed by an increased and a decreased TSH secretion, respectively, brought about – at least in part – by changes in the central nervous control of the pituitary-thyroid axis.
STOFFWECHSEL VON 16-OXO-ÖSTRON IN ZELLFRAKTIONEN DER MENSCHLICHEN PLACENTA
Authors: Lehmann Wolf-Dietrich , Breuer Heinz 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The reductive metabolism of 16-oxo-oestrone (3-hydroxy-Δ 1,3,5(10)-oestratriene-16,17-dione) has been studied in the 10 000 × g supernatant fraction, in the cytoplasmic fraction (100 000 × g supernatant) and in the microsomal fraction of human placenta. All metabolites formed from 16-oxo-oestrone were identified by paperchromatography and by various microchemical reactions.
After incubation of 16-oxo-oestrone with the 10 000 × g supernatant in the presence of ATP, NAD+ and nicotinamide, 16-oxo-17β-oestradiol, oestriol and 16-epi-oestriol were detected as metabolites. When 16-oxooestrone was incubated with the cytoplasmic fraction and NADH or the NADPH-generating system, the following compounds were formed: 16α-hydroxyoestrone, 16β-hydroxyoestrone, 16-oxo-oestradiol-17β, oestriol and 16-epi-oestriol. The time course of the incubation revealed that 16α- and 16β-hydroxyoestrone were reduced rapidly to oestriol and 16-epi-oestriol, respectively; after 30 min of incubation, the two 16,17-ketols had completely disappeared. Incubation of 16-oxo-oestrone with the microsomal fraction in the presence of NADH or the NADPH-generating system yielded 16-oxo-17β-oestradiol, oestriol and 16-epi-oestriol.
The results obtained demonstrate that the cytoplasmic fraction contains – in addition to the already known 17β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase – a 16β- as well as a 16α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase. The highest activity is shown by the 17β-enzyme, followed by the 16β- and 16α-enzyme. In the microsomal fraction, there are also present a 17β- and a 16β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase; however, no 16α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase could be detected. On the basis of kinetic experiments, it is concluded that pronounced differences exist in enzyme activity and substrate specificity between the cytoplasmic and the microsomal 17β-hydroxysteroid
oxidoreductase of human placenta.
THE LIPID-MOBILIZING EFFECT OF SOME PITUITARY GLAND PREPARATIONS
Authors: Trygstad Olav , Foss Irene 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A comparison has been made of some physicochemical and metabolic characteristics of a human growth hormone preparation with somatotrophic and adipokinetic-diabetogenic activity (r.HGH), of a purified r.HGH with potent somatotrophic effect but negligible adipokinetic-diabetogenic effect in the fed animal (t.STH), and a human pituitary-hyperglycaemic and lipid-mobilizing factor (LMF) which was prepared from the crude pituitary extract prior to the preparation of t.STH and was without somatotrophic activity.
The t.STH was separated into two bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an additional band was observed for r.HGH in the area of the single band obtained for LMF. The r.HGH, t.STH, and LMF preparations had maximum optical absorption at 278 mμ up to pH 10. At a more alkaline pH the absorption spectrum of t.STH was unchanged, whereas an additional absorption peak at 290 mμ appeared for r.HGH and LMF. Tentative molecular weights determined by Sephadex gel filtration were in the range of 25 000 for r.HGH, 21 000 for t.STH, and 5500 for LMF.
The t.STH had a significantly higher growth promoting activity in the tibia test than r.HGH. LMF had no such activity in doses of 1 mg. The adipokinetic effect in fed rabbits was strong for LMF and r.HGH, but negligible for t.STH, which, however, caused an increase of nonesterified fatty acids in animals deprived of food. The in vitro lipolytic effect on human fat, obtained from fasting females, for LMF, r.HGH, and t.STH was on a per weight basis in the ratio of 100:10:1, respectively. In rabbits daily injections of r.HGH and LMF, but not t.STH, induced a hyperglycaemia which continued for 9 and 23 days respectively. Rabbits given daily injections of r.HGH and LMF got a diabetic response of blood glucose after injection of adrenalin and prednisone, although an increased sensitivity to insulin. In contrast to this, a single injection of LMF gave a decreased sensitivity to insulin in the rabbit. Rabbits treated with t.STH behaved as untreated controls.
Preparative ultracentrifugation of r.HGH dissolved in physiological saline gave a precipitate with the characteristics of t.STH, and a supernatant with potent hyperglycaemic-adipokinetic effect in rabbits. It was furthermore possible to subdivide r.HGH into t.STH and an adipotrophic component by acetone precipitation and Sephadex gel filtration.
It is discussed whether the r.HGH is an aggregation product of t.STH and a hyperglycaemic-adipokinetic agent, or whether the r.HGH is original and made up of these two components.
CHORIALES GONADOTROPIN IM PLASMA DER ARTERIA UND VENA UMBILICALIS
Authors: Berle Peter , Schultze-Mosgau H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of HCG in 60 specimens of plasma of the artery and vein of the umbilical cord was examined. The mean value in the artery was 0.252 IU/ml plasma, whereas the concentration in the vein was 0.388 IU/ml plasma. The difference between the two values (ratio 1.5/1) is statistically significant. In Rh-incompability a marked elevation of the HCG-concentration was demonstrated in the artery and in the vein as well. In mild toxaemia, however, the HCG level in the umbilical vein was normal. Possibly, the higher HCG-concentration in the blood of the erythroblastotic newborn depends upon an increased production of HCG in the placenta.
HYPOTHALAMISCHE LH-FREIGABE-FUNKTION UND CLOMIPHEN
Authors: Schneider H. P. G. , Staemmler H.-J. , Straehler-Pohl K. , Sachs L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Direct action of clomiphene citrate on the hypothalamic LH-releasing function was demonstrated by the increase of plasma LH following subcutaneous clomiphene injection into the ovariectomized rat. Simultaneous administration of clomiphene and exogenous LH-releasing factor does not increase plasma LH compared with injection of either clomiphene or LH-RF; thus clomiphene seems to have no major influence on LH-synthesis of the pituitary gland. There is no interaction between exogenous LH-RF and clomiphene.
DIE FLUOROMETRISCHE BESTIMMUNG VON TESTOSTERON, EPITESTOSTERON UND ANDROST-4-EN-3,17-DION NACH DÜNNSCHICHTCHROMATOGRAPHISCHER ISOLIERUNG AUS DEM HARN
Authors: Hubl W. , Schollberg K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The authors describe a simple method for determining testosterone, epitestosterone and androstenedione.
The method employs enzymatic hydrolysis for glucuronide conjugates, Girard-partition, thin-layer chromatography using alumina and polyamide and fluorometric quantitation of the eluted steroids.
By means of TLC on polyamide it is possible to separate (testosterone + epitestosterone) from the other C19-steroids. The complete separation of testosterone from epitestosterone is obtained by TLC on alumina as well as on silicagel G.
HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN HYPERCORTICOSTEROID STATES
Authors: Livanou T. , Ferriman David , Corns Michael 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Results from hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function tests are reported in four patients with Cushing's syndrome. The results of the metyrapone and stress tests are compared with those in other corticosteroid states. It is tentatively concluded that the hypothalamic centres concerned in the response to stress are more sensitive to high levels of circulating steroids, than those subserving the feed-back mechanism.
NODULÄRE HYPERPLASIE UND ADENOME DES HYPOPHYSENVORDERLAPPENS BEI HYPOTHYREOSE
Authors: Mösli P. , Hedinger Chr. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Autopsies were performed on three older patients, two with primary myxoedema and one cretin, who had received little or no thyroxine treatment. The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland showed hypertrophy and nodular hyperplasia of the sparsely granulated mucoid cells (which could be characterized partly as S2-, delta-, gamma-, beta2-cells) and the large chromophobes and even in two cases adenomas. There is probably a relation between these changes in the pituitary gland and the hypothyroidism. The few published cases of pituitary adenomas in the presence of primary hypothyroidism are tabulated. The development of hyperplastic and adenomatous changes is chiefly explained as a consequence of a decrease in the feedback of thyroid hormone to the pituitary gland and the hypothalamic centres resulting in a hyperstimulation of the TSH-producing cells. The relative rarity of nodular hyperplasia and adenomas in connection with long standing hypothyroidism is not yet clear.
BIOASSAY OF ANTIGONADOTROPHIC SERA
Authors: Robyn C. , Diczfalusy E. , Finney D. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A bioassay method is proposed for the estimation of the gonadotrophin neutralising potency of antisera. The theoretical basis and the statistical principles involved are described. A unitage is proposed for expressing the potency of antigonadotrophic sera.
GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:
Authors: Boyd Robert , Johnson Donald C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method.
Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP.
When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses.
Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested.
Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.
ADRENAL HYPERAEMIA CAUSED BY CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: Maier F. , Staehelin M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using 131I-labelled serum albumin it was found that in hypophysectomized rats, ACTH caused an increase in the adrenal blood content. This increase was particularly marked after the administration of a long acting ACTH preparation, which caused the blood content of the adrenals to rise from about 25% of the adrenal weight to 40—50%. The period during which this hyperaemia was maintained, increased with increasing doses of Zn-ACTH. Repeated doses of the free peptide also had a cumulative effect.
ADRENAL RESPONSES TO CORTICOTROPHIN IN THE PRESENCE OF AN INHIBITOR OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Authors: Maier René , Staehelin Matthys 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, on the response of the rat adrenal to ACTH was studied. Cycloheximide blocks corticosteroidogenesis in vivo and in vitro, but does not affect the increase in adrenal blood flow in vivo. When the corticosterone production of adrenal slices was studied after ACTH stimulation in vivo, it was found that adrenal slices from rats pre-treated with cycloheximide, secreted corticosterone just as efficiently as adrenal slices from control animals. It is concluded that cycloheximide does not block the primary action of ACTH but that it inhibits subsequent enzymatic processes taking place in the mitochondria. The hypothesis is put forward that the increase in adrenal blood flow induced by ACTH might be due to prostaglandins which could be formed from unsaturated fatty acids released by the cleavage of cholesterol esters.
STEROID HORMONE PRODUCTION FOLLOWING ADRENAL STIMULATION IN THE RHESUS MONKEY
Authors: Scurry M. T. , Bruton J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The adrenal response to the infusion of various corticotrophin (ACTH) preparations and other hormones in the orchiectomized rhesus monkey has been measured by the excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, 17-ketosteroids, and 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids. No difference was found in the response to genuine or synthetic ACTH. A response was demonstrated with 0.8 U or more of ACTH per 24 hours. No adrenal response was observed to infusions of various gonadotrophins, growth hormone, prolactin, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone. Angiotensin selectively stimulated aldosterone excretion. No evidence was found for any selective stimulation of adrenal androgen production.