bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation of heart function in diabetic rats by the combined effects of muscle cell implantation and insulin therapy
Authors: Kim Byung‐Ok , Verma Subodh , Weisel Richard D. , Fazel Shafie , Jia Zhi‐Qiang , Mizuno Tomohiro , Li Ren‐Ke 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground:Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common cause of heart failure in diabetic patients, but current treatments do not directly improve ventricular function. Cell transplantation can prevent cardiac dilatation after injury, and may also prevent congestive heart failure in diabetic cardiomyopathy.Aim:This study evaluated the functional effects of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) implanted into the myocardium of insulin‐ and non insulin‐treated diabetic rats.Methods:Four weeks after streptozotocin infusion, adult Wistar rats were implanted with BrdU‐labelled SMCs or culture media (N=12/group). Six rats in each group were also treated with insulin. Echocardiograms were performed at 0, 4 and 8 weeks after streptozotocin injection, and histology and heart function were evaluated at 4 weeks after implantation.Results:Blood glucose levels decreased after insulin treatment. Among cell‐injected rats, histology indicated that those that did not receive insulin retained fewer surviving BrdU+ SMCs, and a smaller volume of myocardial tissue positive for αsmooth muscle actin. Cardiac function was preserved in the insulin‐treated groups relative to those that did not receive insulin. Among insulin‐treated rats, the cell‐injected group functioned better than the media‐injected group.Conclusions:Diabetic cardiomyopathy is partially treatable with insulin; however, a combination of SMC transplantation and insulin treatment produced the best functional result. Cell transplantation may prevent the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy in patients whose glucose levels are controlled with insulin.
A comparison of the relationship between depression, perceived disability, and physical performance in persons with chronic pain
Authors: Alschuler Kevin N. , Theisen‐Goodvich Mary E. , Haig Andrew J. , Geisser Michael E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between self‐report of depressive symptoms, perceived disability, and physical performance among 267 persons with chronic pain. Prior research has reported a relationship between depression and disability using self‐report measures. However, self‐report instruments may be prone to biases associated with depression as depressed persons with pain may have an exaggerated negative view of their level of function. In addition, we examined whether the relationship between depression and functional activity was mediated by physiologic effort (as measured by heart rate). The results indicated that self‐report of depressive symptoms (using the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale (CES‐D)) was significantly correlated with self‐report of disability on the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS) and physical performance on the Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE). Regression analyses revealed that depression assessed by the CES‐D significantly contributed to the prediction of QBPDS scores and PILE performance even when controlling for age, gender, site of pain, and pain intensity. The magnitude of the relationships between depression and self‐report and functional activity were similar, suggesting that a self‐report bias associated with depression is not responsible for an observed relationship between depression and disability. Physiologic effort partially mediated the relationship between depression and physical performance. The findings further highlight the importance of depression in the experience of chronic pain.
Cognitive appraisal and coping in chronic pain patients
Authors: Ramírez‐Maestre Carmen , Esteve Rosa , López Alicia E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectives: This study analyses the relationships between patients’ cognitive appraisals concerning their pain and the coping strategies they use. In addition, the way the coping strategy influences the intensity of perceived pain and impairment in these patients was studied.Methods: One hundred and twenty two patients with musculoskeletal chronic pain participated. The assessment tools were as follows: The Cognitive Appraisal Inventory for Chronic Pain Patients (CAI), the Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory (VPMI), the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Impairment and Functioning Inventory for Chronic Pain Patients (IFI). The hypothetical model was empirically tested using the LISREL 8.20 software package and the unweighted least squares method.Results: High levels of challenge appraisal were associated with low levels of passive coping and high levels of active coping strategies, whereas the harm, loss or threat appraisal predicted high use of passive coping strategies. Passive coping had three statistically significant path coefficients: high levels of passive coping were associated with low levels of functioning and high levels of pain intensity and impairment. However, high levels of active coping reported high levels of daily functioning.Discussion: By analysing the cognitive appraisals made by chronic pain patients, clinicians could make better predictions regarding the way they cope and adjust.
Smoking in relation to anxiety and depression: Evidence from a large population survey: The HUNT study
Authors: Mykletun Arnstein , Overland Simon , Aarø Leif Edvard , Liabø Hanne-Marthe , Stewart Robert 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSmoking is reported to be associated with depression and anxiety. The present study (a) examines these associations taking comorbidity into account, (b) investigates possible confounders, (c) examines how former smokers compared to current and never-smokers in terms of anxiety and depression, and if anxiety and depression decline by time since cessation. Participants (66%) aged 20–89 years in a population-based health survey (N = 60,814) were screened employing the HADS. (a) The association with smoking was strongest in comorbid anxiety depression, followed by anxiety, and only marginal in depression. Associations were stronger in females and younger participants. (b) Variables partly accounting for the association comprised somatic symptoms, socio-demographics, alcohol problems, and low physical activity. (c) Anxiety and depression were most common in current smokers, followed by quitters, and then never-smokers. No decline in anxiety or depression was found with time since cessation. Previous studies of associations between depression and smoking might have overestimated the association when ignoring comorbid anxiety.
Awareness of Metabolic Concerns in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: A Survey of European Psychiatrists
Authors: Bauer Michael , Lecrubier Yves , Suppes Trisha 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurpose.An online survey of European psychiatrists assessed awareness of the metabolic syndrome and its influence on the management of bipolar disorder.Materials and methods.Psychiatrists in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, and Italy were surveyed from April to June 2006. Eligibility criteria w ere 4–30 years in practice, ≥50% of time in direct patient care, had seen ≥10 bipolar patients in the preceding month. Aggregate data were weighted to represent the practicing physician population per country.Results.of 718 respondents, 56% had diagnosed metabolic syndrome. Respondents reported that metabolic syndrome prevalence was higher in bipolar patients (25%) than in the general population (20%). Seventy-two percent felt that metabolic syndrome poses significant health risks, warranting monitoring/treatment, and were most concerned with the bipolar medication adverse effects of weight gain, cognitive impairment, and glucose intolerance. Survey respondents recognized clear differences among psychotropic agents in the propensity to induce metabolic adverse effects. Sixty-five percent of respondents indicated that they had made interviewing and monitoring changes in the past three years as a result of metabolic concerns.Conclusions.European psychiatrists view metabolic syndrome as highly prevalent in the general population and in bipolar patients; twothirds have changed their management of bipolar patients because of metabolic health concerns.
Temporal association of onset of daily smoking with adolescent substance use and psychiatric morbidity
Authors: Ilomäki Risto , Riala Kaisa , Hakko Helinä , Lappalainen Jaakko , Ollinen Taru , Räsänen Pirkko , Timonen Markku 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe association between cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders is well established for adult populations. However, only limited number of studies has investigated whether the young onset age of daily smoking (DS) among adolescents is associated with psychiatric morbidity and vice versa.MethodsData from 508 adolescents admitted to psychiatric hospitalization were collected. Cox proportional hazard model were used to compare the initiation of DS between adolescents with and without substance use (SUD), and other psychiatric disorders.ResultsRates of DS were high in each diagnostic category. Boys started smoking at younger age (mean 12.4 years) than girls (13.0 years). Both boys and girls diagnosed with conduct or oppositional defiant disorders (COD) and also girls with SUD started daily smoking earlier as compared to those of same gender without these disorders.COD were found to be primary to the initiation of DS among boys. SUD, psychotic, and depressive disorders (DEP) were found to be secondary to DS among both genders.ConclusionsDS in adolescence is related with later SUD. COD are associated with subsequent initiation of DS among boys. The temporal gap between smoking initiation and COD is shorter among girls. Gender difference plays a role in association of DS and DEP. Initiation of DS at very early age should alert health care professionals of development of later psychopathology, especially SUD.
Psychosocial determinants of intention to screen for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Galvin James E. , Fu Qiang , Nguyen Joseph T. , Glasheen Cristie , Scharff Darcell P. 
Published: December 2007

BackgroundThere is little information about how receptive older adults are to discuss memory problems with healthcare providers. Here we test the psychosocial factors explaining older adults' intention to undergo screening for Alzheimer disease (AD).MethodsA population‐based, random‐digit dialing strategy surveyed 1,039 older adults. The Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was used as a conceptual framework for a questionnaire testing constructs from several behavioral theories. Structural equation modeling assessed the relationship of latent variables to each construct with goodness‐of‐fit indices.ResultsThe study had an 82% response rate and 72% completer rate. The respondents' mean age was 62.7 ± 10.2 years (range, 50 to 97 years). The sample was 67% women, 86% were white, and less than 40% had personal experience with AD. Respondents were nondemented (Short Blessed scores, 1.7 ± 2.2). Predictors of intention to screen included perceived benefits (γ = .35), knowledge of dementia (γ = .26), self‐efficacy (γ = .23), preventive health behaviors (γ = .17), and perceived susceptibility (γ = .14). Knowledge was positively correlated with perceived benefits (φ = .29) and susceptibility (φ = .20). Preventive behaviors (φ = .20) were positively correlated with perceived benefits. Self‐efficacy correlated positively with preventive behaviors (φ = .24) and perceived benefits (φ = .37) and negatively with perceived susceptibility (φ = −.11). Goodness‐of‐fit indices suggested a good fit of this model (root mean square error of approximation, .037; comparative fit index, 0.98; relative fit index; .96).DiscussionOlder adults who have knowledge of dementia and perceive benefit from diagnosis and treatment are more likely to exhibit willingness and confidence to be tested for cognitive problems. Individuals with high self‐efficacy, perceived susceptibility, and positive preventive health behaviors are also more likely to exhibit intention. These constructs can now be used to develop interventions to evaluate cognitive health in the elderly.
Mayanian (1100–850 Ma) – Prebaikalian Upper Riphean of Siberia
Authors: Khomentovsky V.V. , Nagovitsin K.E. , Postnikov A.A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Mayanian (1100–850 Ma) is an all-Siberian stratigraphic subdivision of the Neoproterozoic distinguished on the basis of generalized geological and paleontological data for the Maya Group in the southeast of the Siberian craton and for its counterparts in other structure-facies areas (SFA). The Mayanian deposits in all principally different structures of every SFA, such as intracratonic depressions, pericratonic troughs, and marginal parts of blocks with oceanic crust, were incorporated into the craton in the Vendian. It is separated from the surrounding stratigraphic divisions, Baikalian and Aimchanian, by distinct tectonic boundaries coinciding in time with the formation and starting breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia, i.e., with global events. In the adjacent parts of the platform they were reflected in erosion and considerable gaps in sedimentation. These events are well-expressed where they occurred under intense contraction or, on the contrary, are veiled where extension was predominant.
The boundary between the Kerpylian and Lakhandinian, subdivisions of the Mayanian, is not bearing on important events and is hardly traceable throughout the region. Therefore, the base of the Kerpylian is preferable to be taken as the lower boundary of the Upper Riphean. There are attempts to establish this boundary, as it is made for the Phanerozoic, from paleontological data in compositionally similar deposits. These attempts, however, fail in matching this boundary with the base of the Lakhandinian. Distinctive transitions in communities of microfossils and stromatolites appear to be linked to the Mayanian-Baikalian and, undoubtedly, Middle Riphean-Aimchanian boundaries. In the Lakhandinian, on the contrary, the changes that appeared in the Kerpylian only tend to continue. Some taxa typical of the Lakhandinian appear as early as the Kerpylian. In the Lakhandinian their amount gradually increases upsection, until the top of this division. Thus, it is reasonable to start the Upper Riphean with the lower boundary of the Mayanian.
All the main subdivisions of the Siberian Neoproterozoic — Mayanian, Baikalian, and Vendian — are linked to the most important stages of development of this vast and structurally heterogeneous territory. Each of the above-mentioned stratons can be divided, according to historico-geological and paleontological data, into two or three independent interregional subdivisions. Thus, the stratigraphic scheme of the Neoproterozoic of Siberia seems to be promising for the general scale of this period of the Late Precambrian.
Early response of continental Asia to Pleistocene climate cycles (retuned orbital chronologies for Baikal, marine, and ice core records)
Authors: Phedorin M.A. , Goldberg E.L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Assuming orbital modulation of Pleistocene climate cycles, we have generated a new time scale for the Asian geochemical limnic record in the BDP-96-2 Baikal and the KDP-01 Hovsgol cores and updated the chronologies for the global marine δ18O and Vostok ice-gas records. The time scales were obtained by orbital tuning with the assumption of arbitrary but time invariable amplitudes and phase lags of the orbital parameters and responses.
The retuned chronologies highlighted the cycles of eccentricity (100 kyr), obliquity (41 kyr), and precession (23 and 19 kyr), but the combined 70- and 30-kyr cycles became less prominent in the continental (Baikal) record though persisted in the global data (Vostok δD). The residual 70- and 30-kyr harmonics more likely result from errors in the untuned chronology for the Baikal record but are rather due to nonlinearity in the climate response.
We investigated the leads and lags of orbital climate signals with a special focus on the 100-kyr cycle. The phases of precession, obliquity, and eccentricity cycles, compared among the records, showed the lead of the continent. The Baikal geochemical signal at the 100-kyr band led the global glacial and greenhouse CH4 responses and was almost synchronous with the earliest responding polar temperature signal. The reported results characterize the continent as a system highly responsive to eccentricity variations but do not contradict alternative hypotheses for the origin of the 100-kyr cycle in the Earth’s climate history.
Effect of local stress on the interface response to dynamic loading in faulted crust
Authors: Astafurov S.V. , Shilko E.V. , Ruzhich V.V. , Psakhie S.G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The effect of local stress on the interface response to dynamic loading in faulted crust has been studied through MCA (movable cell automata) simulation. Knowing the strain response of a fault block boundary to test impacts, one can estimate the proximity of the fault to critical stress that allows an unstable slip. The computing results are consistent with data of field experiments in fault fragments (vibration, water injection, explosions). The reported analysis makes the basis for a new approach to estimating stress and strain in active faults.
Attenuation of inflammation and cytokine production in rat colitis by a novel selective inhibitor of leukotriene A4 hydrolase
Authors: Whittle B J R , Varga C , Berko A , Horvath K , Posa A , Riley J P , Lundeen K A , Fourie A M , Dunford P J 
Published: December 2007

Background and purpose:Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), formed by the sequential actions of the 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), is a pro‐inflammatory mediator implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. However, inhibitors of 5‐LO have not proved to be consistent in their therapeutic efficacy in colitis. Another approach to inhibiting LTB4 synthesis is through the use of inhibitors of LTA4H, such as the novel, potent and selective compound, JNJ 26993135.Experimental approach:The effect of oral administration of JNJ 26993135 has been evaluated in a rat model of colitis provoked by colonic instillation of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS). The extent and severity of the macroscopic inflammatory response, the colonic levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and LTB4 and of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were measured.Key results:Oral administration of JNJ 26993135 (5, 15 and 30 mg kg−1, twice a day) dose‐dependently reduced both the extent and intensity of the colonic inflammatory damage observed 3 days after TNBS challenge. JNJ 26993135 also dose‐dependently reduced the elevated colonic levels of LTB4, as well as the inflammatory biomarkers, MPO, IL‐6 and TNF‐α. This dosing regimen was supported by the pharmacokinetic profile of JNJ 26993135, along with the demonstration of the inhibition of ex vivo production of LTB4 in whole blood following oral administration.Conclusions and implications:These results with JNJ 26993135 in the rat TNBS model support the role of LTB4 in colitis and the potential value of targeting LTA4H for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 983–991; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707645; published online 24 December 2007
Rimonabant (SR141716) exerts anti‐proliferative and immunomodulatory effects in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Malfitano A M , Laezza C , Pisanti S , Gazzerro P , Bifulco M 
Published: December 2007

Background and purpose:Rimonabant (SR141716) is the first selective cannabinoid receptor CB1antagonist described. Along with its anti‐obesity action, emerging findings show potential anti‐proliferative and anti‐inflammatory action of SR141716 in severalin vitroandin vivomodels. In this study we have investigated the anti‐proliferative and immunomodulatory effects of SR141716 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Experimental approach:We have evaluatedin vitrothe effect of SR141716 in human PBMCs stimulated with different mitogens. Cell proliferation was assessed by3H‐thymidine incorporation. Cell cycle, cell death and apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry. Protein expression was investigated by Western blot.Key results:SR141716 significantly inhibited the proliferative response of PBMCs and this effect was accompanied by block of G1/S phase of the cell cycle without induction of apoptosis and cell death. SR141716 used in combination with 2‐methyl‐arachidonyl‐2′‐fluoro‐ethylamide (Met‐F‐AEA), a stable analogue of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide, showed synergism rather than antagonism of the inhibition of cell proliferation. The immunomodulatory effects of SR141716 were associated with increased expression of IκB, phosphorylated AKT (p‐AKT) and decreased expression of NF‐κB, p‐IκB, p‐ERK, COX‐2 and iNOS.Conclusions and implications:Our findings suggest SR141716 is a novel immunomodulatory drug with anti‐inflammatory properties.British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)153, 1003–1010; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707651; published online 24 December 2007
Clinical outcome after anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using the Duquennoy technique in chronic lateral instability of the ankle
Authors: Muijs S. P. J. , Dijkstra P. D. S. , Bos C. F. A. 
Published: December 2007

We performed a retrospective study to assess the long-term outcome of non-augmented anatomical direct repair of the lateral ankle ligaments, as originally described by Duquennoy et al, for the treatment of chronic lateral instability of the ankle. This procedure aims to restore stability by the re-insertion and tightening of the original talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments without division of the ligament. We examined the outcome in terms of the post-operative quality of life, the function of the joint and the development of osteoarthritis. Between 1985 and 2002, 23 patients (11 males, 12 females) with a mean age of 32 years (15 to 58) who had undergone this procedure completed the Short-Form 36 assessment of quality of life and the Olerud and Molander Ankle score for the subjective evaluation of symptoms. Clinical re-evaluation, including examination of the ankle and the completion of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society questionnaire was performed on 21 patients after a mean follow-up of 13 years (3 to 22.2). At the final follow-up radiographs of both ankles were taken to assess the development of osteoarthritis. The mean total Short-Form 36 and Olerud and Molander Ankle scores in 23 patients at final follow-up were 79.6 points (37 to 100) and 81.6 points (40 to 100), respectively. The mean total post-operative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score in 21 patients was 89.7 points (72 to 100). We found a significant post-operative reduction in talar tilt and anterior drawer sign (chi-squared test, p < 0.001). The functional outcome of the procedure was excellent in ten patients (48%), good in seven (33%) and fair in four (19%). The results in terms of ankle function and stability did not deteriorate with time and there was little restriction in movement. This procedure is simple and effective with a very low rate of complications.