bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes‐induced hyperfiltration in adenosine A1‐receptor deficient mice lacking the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism
Authors: Sällström J. , Carlsson P.‐O. , Fredholm B. B. , Larsson E. , Persson A. E. G. , Palm F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAims:  Glomerular hyperfiltration is commonly found in diabetic patients early after the onset of disease. This is one of the first indications of the development of progressive diabetic nephropathy. It has been proposed that glomerular hyperfiltration is caused by decreased delivery of electrolytes to the macula densa due to the increased sodium and glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, which would increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) via the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism. In this study, we investigated the role of TGF in diabetes‐induced glomerular hyperfiltration by inducing diabetes in adenosine A1‐receptor knockout (A1AR−/−) mice known to lack a functional TGF mechanism.Methods:  Diabetes was induced by alloxan (75 mg kg−1 bw) injected into the tail vein. The 24‐hour urinary electrolyte excretion was measured in metabolic cages, the GFR determined by inulin clearance under isoflurane‐anaesthesia, and histological changes evaluated.Results:  All alloxan‐treated animals developed hyperglycaemia (≥20 mm). Normoglycaemic animals had a similar GFR independent of genotype (A1AR+/+ 9.3 ± 0.5 vs. A1AR−/− 10.1 ± 0.8 μL min−1g−1 bw) and diabetes resulted in similar glomerular hyperfiltration in both groups (A1AR+/+ 14.0 ± 1.7, n = 9 vs. A1AR−/− 15.3 ± 1.9 μL min−1g−1 bw). Diabetic animals had a similar tendency to develop interstitial fibrosis, whereas the glomerular volume was similar in both genotypes, and unaltered by diabetes.Conclusions:  This study shows that the A1AR−/− mice develop diabetes‐induced glomerular hyperfiltration, demonstrating that the TGF mechanism is not the major cause of the development of hyperfiltration. Furthermore, the hyperfiltration in the present study was not related to alterations in the glomerular filtration area.
Intracranial empyema: literature review and two novel cases in cats
Authors: Barrs V. R. , Nicoll R. G. , Churcher R. K. , Beck J. A. , Beatty J. A. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives:To review the literature on intracranial empyema and report two new cases in cats.Methods:Literature review and case reports.Results:Intracranial empyema has been rarely reported in small animals. In two novel cases in cats, the route of infection was postulated to be local extension from a retrobulbar abscess of odontogenic origin in one case and direct inoculation from a penetrating bite wound to the skull, confirmed at post‐mortem examination, in the other. On magnetic resonance imaging of the first case, there was a contrast‐enhancing large extra‐axial fluid collection overlying the right cerebral hemisphere, consistent with subdural empyema. Infection was caused by anActinomycesspp. This is the first report of successful treatment of intracranial empyema by craniotomy, drainage and antibiotics.ClinicalSignificance:Intracranial empyema is a neurosurgical emergency. Favourable outcomes may be achieved with surgical decompression, antimicrobial therapy and intensive care.
Characteristics of the Cibaliung Gold Deposit: Miocene Low‐Sulfidation‐Type Epithermal Gold Deposit in Western Java, Indonesia
Authors: Harijoko Agung , Ohbuchi Yukiko , Motomura Yoshinobu , Imai Akira , Watanabe Koichiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMiddle Miocene (11.18–10.65 Ma) low sulfidation‐type epithermal gold mineralization occurred in the Cibaliung area, southwestern part of Java Island, Indonesia. It is hosted by andesitic to basaltic andesitic lavas of the Middle Miocene Honje Formation (11.4 Ma) and is covered by Pliocene Cibaliung tuff (4.9 Ma). The exploration estimates mineral resource of approximately 1.3 million tonnes at 10.42 g/t gold and 60.7 g/t silver at a 3 g/t Au cut‐off. This equates to approximately 435,000 ounces of gold and 2.54 million ounces of silver. That resource resulted from two ore shoots: Cibitung and Cikoneng. Studies on ore mineralogy, hydrothermal alteration, geology, fluid inclusion, stable isotopes and age dating were conducted in order to characterize the deposit and to understand a possible mechanism of preservation of the deposit. The ore mineral assemblage of the deposit consists of electrum, naumannite, Ag‐Se‐Te sulfide minerals, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite and galena. Those ore minerals occur in quartz veins showing colloform–crustiform texture. They are enveloped by mixed layer clay illite/smectite zone, which grades into smectite zone outward. The temperature of mineralization revealed by fluid inclusion study on quartz in the veins ranges from 170 and 220°C at shallow and deep level, respectively. The temperature range is in agreement with the temperature deduced from the hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblage including mixed layered illite/smectite and laumontite. The mineralizing fluid is dilute, with a salinity <1 wt% NaCl equivalent and has stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen composition indicating a meteoric water origin. Although the deposit is old enough that it would have been eroded in a tropical island arc setting, the coverage by younger volcanic deposits such as the Citeluk tuff and the Cibaliung tuff most probably prevented this erosion.
Origin of Ore‐forming Fluids Responsible for Gold Mineralization of the Pongkor Au‐Ag Deposit, West Java, Indonesia: Evidence from Mineralogic, Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry and Stable Isotope Study of the Ciurug–Cikoret Veins
Authors: Syafrizal  , Imai Akira , Watanabe Koichiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Pongkor gold–silver mine is situated at the northeastern flank of the Bayah dome, which is a product of volcanism in the Sunda–Banda Arc. The hydrothermal alteration minerals in the Ciurug–Cikoret area are typical of those formed from acid to near‐neutral pH thermal waters. On the surface, illite/smectite mixed layer mineral (I/Sm), smectite and kaolinite, and spotting illite, I/Sm and K‐feldspar alteration occur at the top of the mineralized zone. Silicification, K‐feldspar and I/Sm zones are commonly formed in the wall rock, and gradually grade outwards into a propylitic zone. The mineralization of precious metal ore zone is constrained by fluid temperatures between 180 and 220°C, and with low salinity (<0.2 wt% NaCl equivalent) and boiling condition. The minimum depth of vein formation below the paleo‐water table is approximately 90–130 m for the hydrostatic column. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data for quartz and calcite show relatively homogeneous fluid composition (−53 to −68‰δD and −5.7 to +0.3‰δ18O H2O). There is no specific trend in the data with respect to the mineralization stages and elevation, which suggests that the ore‐forming fluids did not significantly change spatially during the vein formation. The stable isotope data indicate mixing between the hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water and interaction between the hydrothermal fluids and the host rock.
Gold‐Related Sulfide Mineralization and Ore Genesis of the Penjom Gold Deposit, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Ariffin Kamar Shah , Hewson Nick J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Penjom gold deposit lies on the eastern side of the Raub‐Bentong Suture line within the Central Belt of Permo‐Triassic rocks, near Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia. The geology of the deposit is dominated by a sequence of fine‐ to coarse‐grained rhyolitic to rhyodacitic tuff, tuff‐breccia and a minor rhyolitic–rhyodacitic volcanic series, associated with argillaceous marine sedimentary rocks consisting of shale with subordinate shalely limestone of Padang Tungku Formation and Pahang Volcanic Series. Fine‐ to coarse‐grained tonalite and quartz porphyry intruded this unit. The main structural features of the area are north–south‐trending left‐lateral strike‐slip faults and their subsidiaries, which generally strike north–south and dip moderately to the east (350°–360°/40°–60°). Mineralization at the Penjom gold deposit is structurally controlled and also erratic laterally and vertically. The gold mineralization can be categorized as (i) gold associated with carbonate‐rich zones hosted within dilated quartz veins carrying significant amount of sulfides; (ii) gold disseminated within stockwork of quartz–carbonate veins affiliated with tonalite; and (iii) gold often associated with arsenopyrite and pyrite in quartz–carbonate veins and stringers hosted within shear zones of brittle–ductile nature in all rock types and in brittle fractured rhyodacitic volcanic rocks. Sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite and pyrrhotite are the minerals accompanying the early stage of gold mineralization. These minerals also suffered from local brittle deformation. However, most of the gold mineralization took place after the deposition of these sulfides. Galena appears somewhat towards the end of gold mineralization, whereas tellurium and bismuth accompanied gold contemporaneously. The gold mineralization occurred most probably due to the metamorphogenic deformational origin concentrated mostly in the shear zone. The mineralization is strongly controlled by the wall rock (e.g. graphitic shale), the sulfide minerals and fluid–rock interaction.
Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry and Implications for the Mechanisms of Ore‐Grade Gold Mineralization in Epithermal System, Lalab Orebody, Sibutad, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines
Authors: Jimenez Francisco A. , Yumul Graciano P. , Maglambayan Victor B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Sibutad gold deposit has gold associated in quartz veins. The most important of these is the Lalab orebody, which contains ore‐grade gold, predominantly, in milky quartz veins and veinlets. Here, alteration quartz and fine‐grained crystalline clear and milky quartz were formed from hydrothermal fluids in three stages, namely stages I, II and III. Fluid inclusion microthermometry was carried out on stage I milky quartz, stage II fine‐grained alteration quartz and stage III milky quartz ± barite veins and veinlets. Homogenization temperatures (TH) are >248°C in stage I, 214–232°C in stage II and 186–239°C in stage III. These fluid inclusions have salinity between 1 and 2 wt% NaCl equivalent. In terms of gold assay, stage I drill‐core samples have gold grades 0.53–0.76 g/ton Au, stage II samples have 1.12–3.70 g/ton Au and stage III samples have 9.06–23.88 g/ton Au. This correlation suggests that gold was precipitated from the stage II and III fluids.
Temporal Geochemical Evolution of Neogene Magmatism in the Baguio Gold–Copper Mining District (Northern Luzon, Philippines)
Authors: Polve Mireille , Maury Rene C. , Jego Sebastien , Bellon Herve , Margoum Ahmed , Yumul Graciano P. , Payot Betchaida D. , Tamayo Rodolfo A. , Cotten Joseph 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBaguio, in the Central Cordillera of Northern Luzon, is a district that displays porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization, associated with Early Miocene–Pliocene–Quaternary calc‐alkaline and adakitic intrusions. Systematic sampling, K‐Ar dating, major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic analyses of fresh magmatic rocks indicate three magmatic pulses: an Early Miocene phase (21.2–18.7 Ma), a Middle–Late Miocene phase (15.3–8 Ma) and finally a Pliocene–Quaternary event (3–1 Ma). The first phase emplaced evolved calc‐alkaline magmas, essentially within the Agno Batholith complex, and is thought to be related to the westward‐dipping subduction of the West Philippine Basin. After a quiescence period during which the Kennon limestone was deposited, magmatic activity resumed at 15.3 Ma, in connection with the start of the subduction of the South China Sea along the Manila Trench. It emplaced first petrogenetically related and relatively unradiogenic low‐K calc‐alkaline lavas and intermediate adakites. Temporal geochemical patterns observed from 15.3 to 1 Ma include progressive enrichment in K and other large ion lithophile elements, increase in radiogenic Sr and Pb and corresponding decrease in radiogenic Nd. These features are thought to reflect the progressive addition to the Luzon arc mantle wedge of incompatible elements largely inherited from South China Sea sediments. The origin of the long quiescence period, from 8 to 3 Ma, remains problematic. It might represent a local consequence of the docking of the Zambales ophiolitic terrane to Northern Luzon. Then, magmatic activity resumed at 3 Ma, emplacing chemically diversified rocks ranging from low K to high K and including a large proportion of adakites, especially during the Quaternary (dacitic plugs). The authors tentatively relate this diversity to the development of a slab tear linked with the subduction of the fossil South China Sea ridge beneath the Baguio area.
Occurrences of Ore Minerals and Fluid Inclusion Study on the Kingking Porphyry Copper–Gold Deposit, Eastern Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Suerte Leilanie O. , Nishihara Sho , Imai Akira , Watanabe Koichiro , Yumul Graciano P. , Maglambayan Victor B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Kingking deposit is a gold‐rich porphyry copper deposit and the southernmost deposit at the eastern Mindanao mineralized belt, Philippines. It is underlain by Cretaceous–Paleogene sedimentary and volcanic rocks that are intruded by mineralized Miocene diorite porphyries and by barren Miocene–Pliocene dacite and diorite porphyries. The main alteration zones in the deposit are the inner potassic zone and the outer propylitic zone. The biotite‐bearing diorite and hornblende diorite porphyries are the primary host rocks of mineralization. Two dominant copper minerals, bornite and chalcopyrite, which usually occur as fracture fillings, are associated with fine crystalline quartz veinlet stockworks in the mineralized diorites. Minor secondary covellite, chalcocite and digenite are also observed. The primary Cu‐Fe sulfide phases initially deposited from ore fluids consisted of bornite solid solution (bnss) and intermediate solid solution (iss), which decomposed to form the bornite and chalcopyrite. Peculiar bornite pods that are different from dissemination and are associated with volcanic rock xenoliths in biotite‐bearing diorite porphyry are noted in a drill hole. These pods of bornite are not associated with quartz veinlet stockworks. Fluid inclusion analyses show three types of inclusions contained in Kingking samples: two‐phase fluid‐rich and vapor‐rich inclusions and polyphase hypersaline inclusions from porphyry‐type quartz veinlet stockworks. The liquid–vapor homogenization temperatures (TH) and the dissolution temperature of halite daughter crystals (TM) from the polyphase hypersaline inclusions predominantly range from 400°C up to >500°C. The wide range of TH and TM may be due to heterogeneous trapping of variable ratios of vapor and brine. For some inclusions, TH > TM and in some cases, TH < TM, indicating that some of the brine was supersaturated or saturated with NaCl at the time of entrapment. Calculated salinity of the polyphase hypersaline inclusions ranges from 40 to 60% NaCl equivalent. Temperature and vapor pressure of mineralized fluid were estimated to be 400°C and 16 MPa.
Ore and Alteration Types of the Gold and Copper Mineralization in the Lascogon Project, Surigao del Norte, Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: Crisostomo Jonelle Nikolai , Parian Jeddalyn , Ishiyama Daizo , Baluda Redempta , Eguia Sonia , Galapon Jocelyn , Comia Gerry , Segura Jessie , Laroco Maureen , Oliveros Noel , Maglambayan Victor B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo ore and three alteration types were identified in the Lascogon Project of Philex Gold Philippines, in Surigao del Norte, Mindanao Island, Philippines. The jasperoid ore is the host to the Carlin‐like gold mineralization in the Lascogon and Danao prospects. The ore occurs in a decalcified and silicified horizon, with minor chlorite and goethite, stibnite, pyrite and quartz crystals ranging from cryptocrystalline to botryoidal. The stringer–stockwork type Cu‐Au mineralization in the Suyoc prospect is hosted in argillized andesitic rocks of the Mabuhay Formation. The primary ore minerals are chalcopyrite with minor amounts of sphalerite. The alteration types identified are propylitic alteration, argillic alteration and silicification. The propylitized basaltic and andesitic flows of the Bacuag Formation bound the jasperoid mineralization in the Lascogon prospect. Stratigraphically, the relationship between propylitized basalts and stringer–stockwork Cu‐Au is not clear but a lateral change can be inferred from jasperoid in the center and stringer–stockwork towards the east.
Statistical Disclosure Control Methods for Census Frequency Tables
Authors: Shlomo Natalie 
Published: June 2007

Summary This paper provides a review of common statistical disclosure control (SDC) methods implemented at statistical agencies for standard tabular outputs containing whole population counts from a census (either enumerated or based on a register). These methods include record swapping on the microdata prior to its tabulation and rounding of entries in the tables after they are produced. The approach for assessing SDC methods is based on a disclosure risk–data utility framework and the need to find a balance between managing disclosure risk while maximizing the amount of information that can be released to users and ensuring high quality outputs. To carry out the analysis, quantitative measures of disclosure risk and data utility are defined and methods compared. Conclusions from the analysis show that record swapping as a sole SDC method leaves high probabilities of disclosure risk. Targeted record swapping lowers the disclosure risk, but there is more distortion of distributions. Small cell adjustments (rounding) give protection to census tables by eliminating small cells but only one set of variables and geographies can be disseminated in order to avoid disclosure by differencing nested tables. Full random rounding offers more protection against disclosure by differencing, but margins are typically rounded separately from the internal cells and tables are not additive. Rounding procedures protect against the perception of disclosure risk compared to record swapping since no small cells appear in the tables. Combining rounding with record swapping raises the level of protection but increases the loss of utility to census tabular outputs. For some statistical analysis, the combination of record swapping and rounding balances to some degree opposing effects that the methods have on the utility of the tables.
Modelling & Controlling Monetary and Economic Identities with Constrained State Space Models
Authors: Pandher Gurupdesh S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe paper presents a method for modelling and controlling time series with identity structures. The approach is presented in the context of monetary targeting where the monetary identity (e.g. reserve money equals net foreign assets plus domestic credit) is modelled using a constrained state space model and next‐period changes in domestic credit (policy variable) are estimated to reach the target level of reserve money. The constrained modelling ensures that aggregation and identity relations among items are dynamically satisfied during estimation, leading to more accurate forecasting and targeting.Applications to Germany, UK and USA show that the constrained state space model provides significant improvements in targeting and forecasting performance over the AR(1) benchmark and the unconstrained model. Reduction in the mean square error of targeting over AR(1) is in the range of 76–95% for the three countries while the gain in targeting efficiency over unconstrained modelling is between 21% and 55%. Beyond monetary targeting, the method has wide application to the dynamic modelling and control of economic and financial time series with identity and aggregation constraints (e.g. balance of payment, national income, purchasing power parity, company balance sheet).
Potent induction therapy with interferon and ribavirin combination therapy does not achieve a higher sustained virological response rate in chronic hepatitis C with genotype 1b and high hepatitis C virus RNA level
Authors: Enomoto Shotaro , Tamai Hideyuki , Oka Masashi , Shingaki Naoki , Shiraki Tatsuya , Takeuchi Machiko , Deguchi Hisanobu , Magari Hirohito , Inoue Izumi , Iguchi Mikitaka , Yanaoka Kimihiko , Arii Kenji , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Yahagi Naohisa , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Ichinose Masao 
Published: June 2007

Aims:  To compare twice‐daily interferon (IFN)‐β administration and once‐daily IFN‐α‐2b administration as induction therapy in ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C with a high viral load of genotype‐1b hepatitis C virus (HCV).Methods:  Sixty‐one chronic hepatitis patients with a high viral load of genotype‐1b HCV were randomly divided into three groups: group A was given IFN‐β 6 MU induction therapy twice daily for 2 weeks; group B was given IFN‐α‐2b 6 MU induction therapy once daily for 2 weeks; and group C was given no induction therapy. All three groups were then given IFN‐α‐2b 6 MU 3 days/week for the rest of the 24‐week study period. Ribavirin was given for the entire 24‐week study period.Results:  Although the cumulative HCV‐RNA negative rates tended to be higher in group A than in group B, the differencewas not significant. The HCV‐RNA negative rate at week 2 was significantly higher in groups A and B than in group C (P < 0.05). The sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 16% overall, 21% for groups A and B, and 5% for group C; the SVR rate of groups A plus B tended to be higher than that of group C (P = 0.093).Conclusions:  There was no difference between the effects of the two induction therapies; potent induction therapy does achieve higher early viral clearance but not a higher SVR rate.
HFE C282Y gene variant is a risk factor for the progression to decompensated liver disease in chronic viral hepatitis C subjects in the Czech population
Authors: Pácal Lukáš , Husa Petr , Znojil Vladimír , Kan̆ková Kater̆ina 
Published: June 2007

Aim:  To determine the prevalence of selected HFE polymorphisms (C282Y, H63D and S65C) among patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and to investigate their role in the progression of liver disease.Methods:  A total of 207 subjects with chronic B or C viral hepatitis and 243 healthy controls were enrolled in the case–control study. Cases were further classified into three groups according to the clinical stage of liver disease: (A) virus carriers; (B) compensated liver disease; and (C) decompensated liver disease. HFE polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction‐based methodology. Fisher's exact test, χ2 and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to test for differences in variables studied between groups. Haplotypes were inferred in silico and their distribution compared by permutation test. Modified survival (time‐to‐event) analysis was used to test for the differences in the progression to the decompensated liver disease in carriers of C282Y wild‐type versus mutated genotypes.Results:  The frequency of HFE genotypes, alleles and haplotypes differed neither between HBV nor HCV patients versus controls. In HCV subjects: (i) the frequency of the 282Y allele was significantly higher in the (C) group compared to (B) group (12.5 vs 2.2%, respectively, P = 0.002, Fisher's exact test); and (ii) carriers of the 282Y mutation exhibited significantly faster progression to decompensated liver disease than wild‐type carriers (P = 0.044, log–rank test).Conclusion:  Carriage of the minor HFE C282Y polymorphism is associated with decompensated liver disease and its earlier onset in the subjects with chronic viral hepatitis C in the Czech population.