bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal neurogenesis in hippocampal slice cultures: Early in vitro labeling of neural precursor cells leads to efficient neuronal production
Authors: Namba Takashi , Mochizuki Hideki , Onodera Masafumi , Namiki Hideo , Seki Tatsunori 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNeurogenesis continues throughout life in the hippocampus. To study postnatal neurogenesis in vitro, hippocampal slices from rats on postnatal day 5 (P5) were cultured on a porous membrane for 14 or 21 days. In the initial experiments, precursor cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) after 7 days in culture because hippocampal slices are generally used in experiments after 1–2 weeks in culture. Fourteen days after labeling, however, only about 10% of BrdU‐labeled cells expressed neuronal markers, although in living rats, about 80% of cells labeled with BrdU on P5 had become neurons by P19. Next, rats were injected with BrdU 30 min before culture, after which hippocampal slices were cultured for 14 days to examine the capacity of in vivo–labeled neural precursors to differentiate into neurons in vitro. In this case, more than two‐thirds of BrdU‐labeled cells expressed neuronal markers, such as Hu, NeuN, and PSA‐NCAM. Furthermore, precursor cells underwent early in vitro labeling by incubation with BrdU or a modified retrovirus vector carrying EGFP for 30 min from the beginning of the culture. This procedure resulted in a similar high rate of neuronal differentiation and normal development into granule cells. In addition, time‐lapse imaging with retrovirus‐EGFP revealed migration of neural precursors from the hilus to the granule cell layer. These results indicate that in vivo– and early in vitro–labeled cultures are readily available ex vivo models for studying postnatal neurogenesis and suggest that the capacity of neural precursors to differentiate into neurons is reduced during the culture period. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of zinc finger transcription factor Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1 in rat brain
Authors: Kuo Ting‐Yu , Hsueh Yi‐Ping 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1, a Kruppel‐like zinc finger gene, plays an important role in B‐cell development. In addition to expression in B lymphocytes, Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1 is also highly expressed in the brain, although its function there is still unclear. In the present study, regional and subcellular distributions of Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1 in rat brain were investigated by immunostaining and biochemical fractionation. Using antibodies recognizing the first 18 amino acid residues of Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1, the distribution of 2 isoforms of Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1 gene products, Bcl11A‐L/Evi9a and Bcl11A‐S/Evi9c, was examined. In rat brain, both Bcl11A‐L/Evi9a and Bcl11A‐S/Evi9c were expressed, although the amount of Bcl11A‐S/Evi9c protein was higher. Bcl11A‐S/Evi9c was widely expressed in different regions of the rat brain. In contrast, Bcl11A‐L/Evi9a was more restricted, being expressed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. At the subcellular level, biochemical fractionation and confocal analysis of adult rat brain revealed that, in addition to being in the nuclei of neurons, fractions of Bcl11A‐L/Evi9a and Bcl11A‐S/Evi9c could be found in extranuclear locations. Double staining with the synaptic marker synaptophysin indicated a synaptic distribution of Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1. Postsynaptic density was also biochemically purified and subjected to immunoblotting using Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1 antibodies. The results showed that Bcl11A‐L/Evi9a was enriched in the PSD I and PSD II fractions. In contrast, only a trace amount of Bcl11A‐S was detected in PSD fractions. Our study also indicated that a fraction of Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1 was present in the cytoplasm, even at synapses. To regulate gene expression in the nuclei, nuclear translocation of Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1 may be one of the mechanisms controlling neuronal Bcl11A/Evi9/CTIP1 function. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of endogenous neural stem cells in the adult human brain following subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Sgubin D. , Aztiria E. , Perin A. , Longatti P. , Leanza G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the adult human brain, the presence of neural stem cells has been documented in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Neurogenesis has also been reported in rodent models of ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, epileptic seizures, and intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, only sparse information is available about the occurrence of neurogenesis in the human brain under similar pathological conditions. In the present report, we describe neural progenitor cell proliferation in the brain of patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) resulting from ruptured aneurysm. Ten cerebral samples from both SAH and control patients obtained, respectively, during aneurysm clipping and deep brain tumor removal were analyzed by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC). In tissue specimens from SAH patients, RT‐PCR and IHC revealed the expression of a variety of markers consistent with CNS progenitor cells, including nestin, vimentin, SOX‐2, and Musashi1 and ‐2. In the same specimens, double immunohistochemistry followed by confocal analysis revealed that Musashi2 consistently colocalized with the proliferation marker Ki67. By contrast, no such gene or protein expression profiles were detected in any of the control specimens. Thus, activation of neural progenitor cell proliferation may occur in adult human brain following subarachnoid hemorrhage, possibly contributing to the promotion of spontaneous recovery, in this pathological condition. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of pear firmness by dynamic characteristics of drop impact
Authors: Wang Jun , Ying Tiejing , Cheng Kuchuan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe dynamic resonance frequency based on the dynamic frequency response of pear dropped onto a flat plate was determined by impacted orientation, drop height, material of impact surface, pear firmness and pear mass. Response signals in time domain were detected, and transformed into frequency domain (by means of fast Fourier transform). The dominant frequency (the response magnitude is the greatest) was significantly affected by pear firmness and pear mass. Impact orientation, drop height and impact surface material did not significantly affect the dominant frequency. The dominant frequency increased with increase of pear firmness, and decreased with increasing pear mass. Good relationships were obtained between dominant frequency and Magness–Taylor or pear mass (r2 = 0.716 and 0.771), and the stiffness index (Sc = f2m2/3) regressed on Magness–Taylor firmness had better relationship also r = 0.819). Pear firmness can be predicted by the drop impact method. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of characteristic aroma of fungal fermented Fuzhuan brick‐tea by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry
Authors: Xu Xiangqun , Mo Haizhen , Yan Mingchao , Zhu Yang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFuzhuan brick‐tea is a popular fermented Chinese dark tea because of its typical fungal aroma. Fungal growth during the production process is the key step in achieving the unique colour, aroma and taste of Fuzhuan brick‐tea. To further understand the generation of the characteristic aroma, changes in the main volatile compounds of Fuzhuan brick‐tea during the fungal growth stage were studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. The results showed that the content of volatile compounds, especially aldehyde compounds with stale aroma such as (E)‐2‐pentenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, 1‐penten‐3‐ol, (E, E)‐2,4‐heptadienal and (E, Z)‐2,4‐heptadienal, increased significantly in fermented tea samples. The concentration of terpene alcohols with flower aroma also increased notably during the fermentation process. The compounds with stale and flower aromas in combination with some volatile components of the raw material contributed to the characteristic ‘fungal/flower’ aroma of Fuzhuan brick‐tea. Microbial metabolism during the fermentation process probably played the key role in the generation of characteristic aromatic compounds of Fuzhuan brick‐tea. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous lactic acid and xylitol production from vine trimming wastes
Authors: Rivas Beatriz , Torrado Ana , Rivas Sandra , Moldes Ana Belén , Domínguez José Manuel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHemicellulosic hydrolyzates from vineshoot trimmings obtained by dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis were evaluated for xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii NRRL Y‐7426. Bioconversion was not efficient, however, since a mixture of products (mainly ethanol) was achieved. Taking into account that hexoses (such as glucose or mannose) can inhibit xylose metabolism by repression and inactivation of the xylose transport system or catabolic enzymes and that these hemicellulosic hydrolyzates are characterized by a high glucose concentration, a novel technology was developed, sequentially transforming glucose into lactic acid by Lactobacillus rhamnosus followed by fermentation of xylose into xylitol by Debaryomyces hansenii after L. rhamnosus removal by microfiltration. Optimal conditions were achieved using detoxified concentrated hemicellulosic hydrolyzates, after CaCO3 addition in both stages of fermentation and using nitrogen purges after sampling in order to reduce the oxygen dissolved. Under these conditions 31.5 g lactic acid L−1 (QLA = 1.312 g L−1 h−1 and YLA/S = 0.93 g g−1) and 27.5 g xylitol L−1 (QXylitol = 0.458 g L−1 h−1 and YXylitol/S = 0.53 g g−1) were produced. Finally, lactic acid was selectively recovered using the resin Amberlite IRA 400 (0.0374 g of lactic acid g−1 of dry resin), allowing a further recovery of xylitol by sequential stages of adsorption, concentration, ethanol precipitation, concentration and crystallization to obtain food‐grade xylitol according to a developed process. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Barriers to rehabilitation following surgery for primary breast cancer
Authors: Cheville Andrea L. , Tchou Julia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSurgery is a mainstay of primary breast cancer therapy. Alterations in surgical technique have reduced normal tissue injury, yet pain and functional compromise continue to occur following treatment. A tenuous evidence base bolstered by considerable expert opinion suggests that early intervention with conventional rehabilitative modalities can reduce surgery‐associated pain and dysfunction. Barriers to the timely rehabilitation of functionally morbid sequelae are discussed at length in this article. Barriers arise from a wide range of academic, human, logistic, and financial sources. Despite obstacles, expeditious and effective post‐surgical rehabilitation is being regularly delivered to breast cancer patients at many institutions. This experience has given rise to anecdotal information on the management of common sequelae that may undermine function. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of these sequelae are outlined in this article with an emphasis on the caliber of supporting evidence. Myofascial dysfunction, axillary web syndrome, frozen shoulder, lymphostasis, post‐mastectomy syndrome, and donor site morbidity following breast reconstruction are addressed. A critical need for more definitive evidence to guide patient management characterizes the current treatment algorithms for surgical sequelae. Surg. Oncol. 95:409–418. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flexible UV light guiding system for intraocular laser microsurgery
Authors: Schastak Stanislaw , Yafai Yousef , Yasukawa Tsutomu , Wang Yu‐Sheng , Hillrichs Georg , Wiedemann Peter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveUntil now, UV lasers could not be applied to vitreoretinal surgery because of the absence of a practical beam guiding system. A flexible, freely mobile hollow core waveguide, capable of delivering UV laser light, was recently developed. We evaluated the feasibility of this UV laser guiding system for vitreoretinal surgery in enucleated porcine and rabbit eyes and in vivo on rabbit retina.Materials and Methods193‐nm argon fluoride (ArF) excimer laser and a 5th harmonic Nd:YAG laser with the wavelength of 213 nm were used as a light source. A hollow core waveguide was connected to a handpiece with a 20‐gauge endoprobe as an instrument for vitreoretinal surgery.ResultsCutting of the retina was possible only with contact technique. With a selected repetition rate of 20 Hz, sharp, full‐depth dissection of porcine retinas was achieved only with 1.0 J/cm2. With the repetition rate of 50 Hz, even 0.05 J/cm2 could incise the total thickness of rabbit retina with no histological damage of the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. The ease in using the instrument for vitreoretinal surgery was confirmed by the in vivo experiment.ConclusionThis study revealed the potential use of the new type of the UV laser scalpel, connected to a hollow core waveguide, to perform precise, “cold,” and tractionless cutting during vitreoretinal surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 39: 353–357, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective direct comparison study of fractional resurfacing using different fluences and densities for skin rejuvenation in Asians
Authors: Kono Taro , Chan Henry H. , Groff William Frederick , Manstein Dieter , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Masaki , Yamaki Takashi , Soejima Kazutaka , Nozaki Motohiro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveFractional resurfacing is a new concept of cutaneous remodeling whereby laser‐induced zones of microthermal injury are surrounded by normal untreated tissue. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and complications of Fraxel laser treatment when using different fluences and density settings.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThirty female Asian patients were enrolled in the study. Group 1 (n = 10); half of the face was treated with eight passes at 125 MTZ/cm2 at an energy setting of 8 mJ. The other half of the face was treated with eight passes at 250 MTZ/cm2 at an energy setting of 8 mJ. Group 2 (n = 10); half of the face was treated with eight passes at 125 MTZ/cm2 at an energy setting of 8 mJ. The other half of the face was treated with eight passes at 125 MTZ/cm2 at an energy setting of 16 mJ. Group 3 (n = 10); half of the face was treated with eight passes at 125 MTZ/cm2 at an energy setting of 16 mJ. The other half of the face was treated with eight passes at 250 MTZ/cm2 at an energy setting of 8 mJ. Ice pack cooling was used during and after laser treatment. The patients were evaluated for clinical efficacy and treatment‐related side effects.ResultsPain, erythema, and swelling were observed to be significantly more evident or persisted longer in patients treated with higher densities and fluences (P<0.01). Patient satisfaction is significantly greater in patients treated with higher fluences (P<0.05), but not in patients treated with higher densities. Hyperpigmentation was observed in two patients.ConclusionIncreased density was more likely to produce swelling, redness, and hyperpigmentation when compared to increased energy. Patient satisfaction is significantly higher when their skin is treated with high fluences, but not when patients' skin is treated with high densities. Lasers Surg. Med. 39: 311–314, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flashlamp pulsed‐dye laser suppressed TGF‐β1 expression and proliferation in cultured keloid fibroblasts is mediated by MAPK pathway
Authors: Kuo Yur‐Ren , Wu Wen‐Sheng , Wang Feng‐Sheng 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOur previous clinical study indicated that transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) are both involved in keloid regression following flashlamp pulsed‐dye laser (PDL). To further characterize of this involvement, this work examined whether PDL suppression of TGF‐β1 expression was mediated through MAPK pathway in cultured keloid fibroblasts (KF).Study Design/Materials and MethodsPrimary culture of KF harvested from keloid patients received various dosages of PDL treatment in 585‐nm wavelength. TGF‐β1 expressions in KF following various dosages of PDL were assessed. Additionally, MAPK pathway activities were studied using the PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor), SB203580 (a p38 kinase inhibitor), and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), to determine the role in keloid following PDL treatment. Activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), a transcription factor of TGF‐β, was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Phosphorylated c‐Jun, one of the components of AP‐1, was also detected.ResultsThe observation results demonstrated that optimal dosages of PDL significantly suppressed KF proliferation and TGF‐β1 expression. EMSA study identified PDL downregulation of super‐shift of AP‐1. Three subtypes of MAPK cascades were augmented between 30 minutes and 4 hours following PDL treatment, particularly phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. Pre‐treatment with PD98059, SB203580, but not SP600125, markedly inhibited the downregulating effects of TGF‐β1 and phosphorylated c‐Jun expression following PDL treatment.ConclusionPDL induced keloid regression is mediated by triggering MAPK cascades and blockade of AP‐1 transcription and TGF‐β expression. Modulation of TGF‐β and MAPK interaction in keloids may provide specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Lasers Surg. Med. 39: 358–364, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Styrene–Ferrocenyldimethylsilane–Methyl Methacrylate Triblock Copolymers: Synthesis and Phase Morphology
Authors: Kloninger Christian , Rehahn Matthias 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTriblock copolymers were synthesized from styrene (S), dimethylsilaferrocenophane (FS), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) via sequential anionic polymerization, taking advantage of the dimethylsilacyclobutane‐mediated endcapping of the living PS‐b‐PFS precursors. Well‐defined materials were obtained, having molecular weights of around 100 000 g · mol−1and polydispersity indices of below 1.1. First investigations of the microphase behavior show that the materials selforganize in bulk morphologies where PMMA is the matrix while PS forms either spheres or cylinders. The central short PFS block forms either droplets or cylinders, which are placed at the surface of the PS domains.magnified image
Darstellungsformeln erster Näherung für GREENsche Funktionen von Wellengleichungen in RIEMANNscher Raum‐Zeit
Authors: John R. W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBy applying perturbation theory to the construction scheme for GREEN's functions in a curved RIEMANNian space‐time due to HADAMARD, explicit formulae for scalar and vector GREEN's functions in the first post‐MINKOWSKIan approximation are derived. The two‐point functions entering into the construction are represented by integrals of the first‐order metric terms and their derivatives taken along the straight line joining the two points. Using these expressions, one obtains explicit conditions for the validity of HUYGEN's principle for the wave equations in the first approximation.
SCHWARZSCHILD‐FRIEDMANNsche Lösungen der EINSTEINschen Feldgleichungen
Authors: Dautcourt G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEs werden „Friedmonenlösungen”︁ der EINSTEINschen Feldgleichungen untersucht, bei denen eine äußere SCHWARZSCHILD‐Lösung an einen fast vollständig geschlossenen FRIEDMANN‐Kosmos angeschlossen ist. Die Diskussion zeigt, daß auf der Anschlußfläche keine Flächenbelegungen auftreten.
RAFT Inverse Miniemulsion Polymerization of Acrylamide
Authors: Qi Genggeng , Jones Christopher W , Schork F. Joseph 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRAFT inverse miniemulsion polymerization is demonstrated for the first time as an alternate way to synthesize hydrophilic polymer latexes. The kinetic behavior of inverse RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of acrylamide is similar to that observed in aqueous RAFT solution polymerization. A water‐soluble initiator provides better control than a lipophilic initiator in inverse RAFT miniemulsion polymerization under the conditions used here.magnified image
Chiral Polymer Helices with Shape Identical to Previously Reported Helical Calcium Carbonate Morphologies
Authors: Glaab Fabian , Kellermeier Matthias , Kunz Werner 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHelices with highly ordered substructures were found sporadically during precipitation of self‐assembled silica‐barium carbonate “biomorphs”. Identical morphologies are already known and cited in the literature as helical calcite structures, formed by the influence of chiral phosphoserine copolypeptides. Yamamoto et al. claim that the handedness of the helices can be tuned by the chirality of the amino acids in the phosphoserine copolypeptides. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, thermogravimetry, as well as proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance were performed on selected twisted ribbons, proving that these helical superstructures—in shape identical to the helical calcite morphologies reported by Yamamoto et al.—do not consist of inorganic material but of an organic polymer, representing plastic abrasion caused by scratching glass pipettes along plastic surfaces.magnified image
Azobenzene Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer for Optical Switching of Grating Waveguide Couplers with a Flat Surface
Authors: Bang Chong‐Uk , Shishido Atsushi , Ikeda Tomiki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGrating waveguide couplers with a flat surface were fabricated in an azobenzene liquid‐crystalline polymer film by holographic lithography using Ar+ laser beams at 488 nm. When a probe beam at 633 nm was incident to one grating of a grating waveguide coupler, the beam propagated in the waveguide and an output beam came out from the other grating with the throughput coupling efficiency of ≈5%. Upon irradiation of the film between two gratings with UV light to cause trans–cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety, the intensity of the output beam was repeatedly switched. It was found that the alternating irradiation at 366 and 436 nm induced reversible changes in the intensity of the guided probe beam.magnified image
Biased AC Electrospinning of Aligned Polymer Nanofibers
Authors: Sarkar Soumayajit , Deevi Seetharama , Tepper Gary 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new method is reported for minimizing the inherent fiber instability in the electrospinning process. The method, dubbed “biased AC electrospinning”, employs a combination of DC and AC potentials and results in highly‐aligned mats of polymer or composite polymer fibers. The relationship between specific processing variables such as the AC frequency and the magnitude of the DC offset was investigated and related to the resulting fiber stability and uniformity. For optimum fiber stability, the AC frequency must fall within a relatively narrow range. The upper and lower frequency limits were measured for a small group of polymers and polymer composites and were qualitatively related to solution properties and processing variables. Potential applications of well‐ordered nanofiber materials include tissue engineering, filtration, drug delivery, and microelectronics.magnified image