bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonylative Approaches to α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Radicals and α-Ketenyl Radicals. Their Structure and Applications in Synthesis
Authors: Ryu Ilhyong , Uenoyama Yoshitaka , Matsubara Hiroshi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The carbonylation of vinyl radicals gives α,β-unsaturated acyl radicals. This transformation was successfully applied to tandem radical reactions, resulting in assembling three and four components. In these reactions, both halogen abstraction from vinyl halides and hetero atom radical additions to alkynes are used to generate the parent vinyl radicals. Ab initio calculations and density functional methods predict that α,β-unsaturated acyl radicals and the isomeric α-ketenyl radicals are not canonical forms, but are isomeric species that undergo interconversion. Calculations also indicate that α,β-unsaturated acyl radicals are more stable than α-ketenyl radicals, whereas α-ketenyl radicals containing a heteroatom, such as Si, Ge, and Sn, at α-position are more stable than the corresponding α,β-unsaturated acyl radicals. This represents a promising resource for developing new synthetic applications that involve the use of the α-ketenyl radicals. Indeed, following the prediction by calculation, we succeeded in trapping of a tin-attached α-ketenyl radical by imines and amines in an intramolecular fashion. We were also able to achieve the intermolecular trapping of α-ketenyl radicals, providing a new method for alkyne carbonylation by hybrid radical/ionic reactions.
Novel Platinum–Ruthenium Dinuclear Complex Bridged by 2-Aminoethanethiol
Authors: Okamura Rei , Wada Tohru , Tanaka Koji 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A platinum–ruthenium dinuclear complex, [(PtCl){RuCl(tBu2sq)}(btpyxa)]2+ ([2]2+) (btpyxa = 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyrid-4′-yl)xanthene, tBu2sq = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzosemiquinonate ion), in which btpyxa acts as a bridging ligand, was prepared, and its physical properties were compared to those of an analogous dmso complex, [(PtCl){Ru(tBu2sq)(dmso)}(btpyxa)]2+ ([1]2+) (dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide). Treatment of complex [1]2+ with an aqueous NaOH solution followed by 2-aminoethanethiol afforded [{Pt(SCH2CH2NH2)}{Ru(tBu2sq)(dmso)}(btpyxa)]2+ ([3]2+). On the other hand, the reaction of complex [2]2+ with 2-aminoethanethiol produced [{Pt(SCH2CH2NH2)Ru(tBu2sq)}(btpyxa)]2+ ([4]2+), in which Pt and Ru atoms are bridged by the 2-aminoethanethiolato ligand. Complex [4]2+ was also obtained by heating complex [3]2+ in 2-methoxyethanol.
Chiral Stability of Phosphonium-type Amino Acid Ionic Liquids
Authors: Fukumoto Kenta , Kohno Yuki , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Tetrabutylphosphonium salts having amino acid-derived chiral anion exhibited melting point below 100 °C and retained their chirality at least 10 h at 100 °C.
A technique for pharyngeal reconstruction in heavily irradiated patients
Authors: Jenkins Herman A. , Canalis Rinaldo F. , Ward Paul H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA technique for esophageal reconstruction using a staged deltopectoral tubed, pedicled flap has been highly successful in irradiated patients. The basic principle involves use of the neck skin as the posterior wall and the dorsal and lateral aspects of the tubed flap to form the anterior and lateral walls of the newly constructed pharynx. The ventral surface forms the cutaneous covering. The submental area and base of tongue are used for implantation of the distal end of the flap, taking advantage of the abundant blood supply of this area. It is a fail‐safe method of reconstruction, particularly applicable in cases in which the local skin is of poor quality.
Tracheoesophageal space abscess
Authors: Fee Willard E. , Wilson George G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo cases of a newly described complication of endotracheal intubation are presented with a discussion of the pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, and treatment evaluation. Treated late, bilateral arytenoid fixation associated with subglottic stenosis is the eventual outcome. Reconstructive efforts in one patient have allowed decannulation two years after onset of his disease following bilateral arytenoidectomy. No reconstructive efforts were attempted in the second patient because of her basic underlying disease process. Early recognition is important and exploratory laryngotracheal‐fissure advocated for suspected cases in order to perhaps decrease the devastating consequences of late treatment.
Tympanostomy tubes, their use, abuse, and cost‐benefit ratio
Authors: Armstrong Beverly W. , Armstrong Robert B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTympanostomy tubes are employed when middle ear ventilation is indicated, particularly when other forms of treatment have failed. Few other uses have broad acceptance. Any other insertion of a ventilating tube implies abuse, either through error in diagnosis or deliberate misapplication. Hard statistical data relating to abuse are impossible to obtain, but ample illustrations can be cited.The cost‐benefit ratio is difficult to assess. Cost of a myringotomy and tube versus the cost of a tympanomastoidectomy was determined in four geographic areas. These figures, however, do not reveal how many ears were spared and how much hearing was conserved by tympanostomy tubes. Informed, diligently aggressive use of tympanostomy tubes offers greater potential to avoid serious middle ear disorders and complications than any other single modality.
Flap reconstruction in patients with head and neck cancer: Techniques and results
Authors: Levine Laurence A. , Sessions Donald G. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients who are treated by surgery, radiotherapy, or any combination thereof may suffer from complications in wound healing or tumor recurrence which necessitate reconstruction or repair utilizing tissue brought in from other parts of the body.The majority of patients, who required flap reconstruction for primary repair or for a complication of their surgery, had their primary lesion in the supraglottic larynx or inferior hypopharynx. More than two‐thirds of the flaps elevated were for fistula repair. Five year survival in this group of patients was lower than in those patients with uncomplicated postoperative courses, although the quality of live for the survivors in both groups was not significantly different.
The use of synthetic implant material in osteoplastic frontal sinusotomy
Authors: Barton Richard Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe use of homologous fat in obliterating frontal sinus operations has proved to be a satisfactory technique. It does entail, however, a separate procedure to obtain the graft. Furthermore, the implanted fat has a tendency to shrink or absorb in varying degrees.Proplastr̀ has been used in a series of osteoplastic frontal sinus operations. The implant block is a highly porous preparation of Teflonr̀ fluorocarbon polymer and vitrous carbon fibers. It can be easily carved into desired shapes or it may be implanted in pieces. The porosity of the substance permits in‐growth of connective tissue. Eight obliterating frontal sinus procedures using the osteoplastic flap technique and implanting the synthetic material are reported. There have been no failures to date after 1 to 5 years follow‐up.
Adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid following radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastoma
Authors: Rowe Lee D. , Lane Richard , Snow James B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAdenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinus is rare, representing only 4‐8% of malignancies of the paranasal sinuses. An extraordinary case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinus arising 30 years following high‐dose radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastoma is presented.Retinoblastoma, though occurring only once in every 23,000 to 34,000 births, is the most common malignant intraocular tumor of childhood. Second fatal mesenchymal and epithelial primaries have been described in 8.5% of patients with bilateral retinoblastomas previously treated with radiotherapy; however, papillary adenocarcinoma arising within the paranasal sinuses has not been reported. Histologically, the findings of a papillary pattern of poorly differentiated, mucicarmine‐staining cells enclosing gland‐like spaces, and the absence of pseudorosettes, melanin, mesenchymal and peripheral neural elements supports an epithelial origin of this tumor.Aggressive treatment including partial maxillectomy, radical pansinusectomy, radical neck dissection followed by regional radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy failed to prevent the development of fatal hepatic metastases. The high incidence of second fatal primary neoplasms in patients with bilateral retinoblastomas receiving radiation suggests an innate susceptibility that may add to the risk of radiotherapy. Careful long‐term head and neck surveillance is mandatory if early aggressive management of these extremely lethal tumors is to be successful.
Reconstruction of the base of the tongue and lateral pharyngeal wall
Authors: Yarington C. Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA technique for reconstruction of the lateral pharyngeal wall, with a buccal mucosal rotation flap is presented for use in patients following extensive resections of the lateral pharyngeal wall with partial mandiblectomy. Reconstruction of the base of the tongue, utilizing midline tongue flaps and/or the epiglottis, is also illustrated. These innovative techniques frequently obviate forehead and chest flaps, aid in vocal rehabilitation, and allow single stage resection and reconstruction in nonradiated patients.
Stapedius reflex quantification in acoustic tumor patients
Authors: Mangham Charles A. , Lindeman Roger C. , Dawson Warren R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis investigation is a human application of previously reported work from our laboratories on experimental acoustic tumor effects on the stapedius reflex in monkeys. In this study, the contralateral stapedius reflex was elicited in human controls and in subjects with an acoustic tumor. Acoustic impedance was recorded on magnetic tape for offline analysis of reflex threshold, latency, rise, amplitude, decay, and relaxation.Typical tumor effects on threshold and decay were observed. Most important was the demonstration that decay measured at 20 db SL was more sensitive and more specific for tumor than decay measured at the conventional 10 db SL. Stapedius reflex latency, rise, and amplitude were more sensitive to the presence of a tumor than were measures of threshold and decay. These data indicate that qualification of the reflex will increase the utility of the test.
Manometric measurement of eustachian tube ventilatory function
Authors: Mccurdy John A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough initial manometric studies of Eustachian tube ventilatory function in both normal and abnormal ears suggested that this technique provided an accurate physiologic assessment of ventilatory function, recent studies have questioned the physiologic nature of these tests. In an effort to clarify this controversy, the tubal ventilatory capacity of 51 ears in which Eustachian tube function was clinically normal was assessed manometrically. Similar measurements were made in 18 ears in which Eustachian tube function was clinically normal except for a complaint of aural fullness. This group showed poorer ventilatory function than normal ears, but the most striking result was the inability of over 50% of the normal group to equilibrate negative pressure to a level within the normal range of 0 to—50 mm H2O. It is postulated that Eustachian tube ventilatory function exhibits a range of individual variability such as is characteristic of other biologic systems.
Bell's palsy: Surgery based upon prognostic indicators and results
Authors: May Mark , Blumenthal Frank , Taylor Floyd H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe studied 164 patients with Bell's palsy prospectively over the six‐year period between August 1974 and June 1980. We found that the results of measuring tear production, sub‐mandibular salivary flow, the response to maximal stimulation, and evoked electromyography gave us sufficient information to group these patients according to prognosis —either unfavorable or favorable — for spontaneous return of facial function. When the test results were 26% or more of normal, 90% of the patients had complete recovery of function; these patients were given a favorable prognosis on the basis of the results of tests described above.The natural history of Bell's palsy in patients with an unfavorable prognosis could be improved if a transmastoid facial nerve decompression to the labyrinthine segment were performed. The results were better with this approach than with supportive or steroid therapy or transmastoid vertical‐horizontal surgical decompression of the facial nerve.
Central vestibular projections of primary cervical fibers in the frog
Authors: Suarez Carlos , Garcia Cristina , Tolivia Jorge 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe origin of cervicovestibular inputs was documented in frogs, as well as the number of fibers, site of projection, and their distribution within the nuclei. The first spinal nerve in 15 frogs was labeled with extracellular injections of horseradish peroxi‐dase. The brain stem and the posterior root were sectioned serially. The trajectories of the fibers in the central nervous system were reconstructed, and the number and diameters of the fibers in the posterior root were determined. The average number of fibers in the first posterior root was 143 ±6.2, their number decreasing exponentially with increased diameter. After entering the spinal cord the fibers were located in the dorsal funiculus. The thick and medium‐sized fibers coursed medially in relation to the thin ones, giving collaterals to the spinal cord and to the obex region. The thinnest fibers projected to the reticular formation and nucleus of the solitary tract. Only collaterals from fibers of medium and thick caliber reached the vestibular area in their trajectory to the cerebellum (spinocerebellar fibers). All the vestibular nuclei received collaterals and endings from the spinocerebellar fibers, the ventral nucleus being the most innervated. The total number of branches for the vestibular area, however, was very small. The results of this experiment are correlated with physiological and anatomical findings described in the literature.
Beta‐2‐microglobulin as the main component of primary amyloidosis located in the larynx
Authors: Án‐Ogazón O. Galv , Terán L. A. , Fernandez J. , Pasquel P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA case of primary amyloidosis located in the larynx in which Beta‐2‐microglobulin (β2m) was the main component of the tissue is presented.Indirect immunofluorescence performed with monoclonal anti‐human β2m antibody (BBM1) showed a positive reaction, as did Congo red stain, and both patterns were similar.A significant increase in serum β2m was observed; however, the clinical condition associated with this elevation remains unclear.We suggest that β2m is not only the main component of secondary amyloidosis in terminal nephropathy patients undergoing hemodialysis for prolonged periods, but that it could be part of the structure of other types of amyloid—either primary or secondary.
Malignant transformation of a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Makek Miro S. , Andrews James C. , Fisch Ugo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe malignant transformation of a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare occurrence. This report describes the development of a fibrosarcoma in a patient over a 20‐year period after four surgical procedures and two courses of radiation therapy to control a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. A review of the literature revealed similar descriptions of this problem. Radiation likely plays a major role in causing the malignant change. An initial complete surgical excision can prevent recurrence of a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma as well as sarcomatous transformation. With the availability of surgical procedures that can completely and safely resect almost all nasopharyngeal angio‐fibromas, radiation therapy can be avoided.
External septorhinoplasty in children
Authors: Crysdale William S. , Tatham Brian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExternal septorhinoplasty was performed on 15 patients over n 12‐year period in a general pediatric otolaryngology practice. It is the operation of first choice when there is significant dorsal nasoseptal pathology. Good cosmetic and functional results are obtained by full dissection of the nasoseptal pathology, judicious resection of thickened deformed cartilaginous and osseous tissues, and repositioning of a suitable nasoseptal fragment anteriorly in the midline.
Dermabrasion in facial surgery
Authors: Farrior Richard T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurgical planing or dermabrasion has many uses in facial aesthetic and reconstructive surgery but often is an underutilized technique. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the head and neck and facial plastic surgeon with some of these uses extending from trauma to rejuvenation of the aging face. Detail will be presented regarding analysis For conditions where dermabrasion is indicated and in dealing with modifications of surgical technique. The author feels that dermabrasion is the treatment of choice for scars and acne and favors it over chemabrasion or chemical peel even for fine rhytids because the depth of dermabrasion can be precisely controlled and varied according to the location of and the degree of scarring or faciul wrinkles. It offers early and predictable healing without concern for the penetration and absorption of chemical elements (especially phenol). Dermabrasion may be combined with other procedures such as scar revisions, dermal shaves, and de‐epithelization of flaps.
Carotid arteriospasm
Authors: Osguthorpe J. David , Adkins Warren Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractArteriospasm can rcsult from manipulation or fresh blood around an artery. This myogenic reflex can spread to obliterate collateral flow and can last from minutes to days. Ischemic strokes from carotid spasm ensue ncurosurgical procedures, endarterectomies, and even chiropractic manipulation. The diagnosis and prevention of arteriospasm are presented, and a patient who has carotid arteriospasm following excision of a branchial cleft cyst is detailed. If the vessel constriction is noted at surgery, topical application of a local anesthetic is effective. Transfusion, hydration, oxygenation, and maintenance of blood pressure are the cornerstones of nonoperative therapy.
Evaluation of nmr versus ct for parotid masses: A preliminary report
Authors: Schaefer Steven D. , Close Lanny G. , Maravilla Kenneth R. , Suss Richard A. , Merkel Marie A. , Burns Dennis K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwelve patients with various parotid masses were prospectively studied by both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and intravenously enhanced computed tomography (CT). These imaging techniques were then correlated with the disease process and clinical relevance of both forms of imaging assessed. Our results suggest high resolution, spin‐echo NMR offers several advantages over CT, and is likely to become the preferred method of evaluating a parotid mass.
The method and management of thyroid surgery in the pediatric patient
Authors: Bryarly Richard C. , Shockley William W. , Stucker Fred J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThyroid surgery in the pediatric age patient accounts for a small minority of all thyroid surgery. Batsakis and Nishiyama reported only 136 patients under the age of 18 who underwent thyroid surgery in 27 years at the University of Michigan.1 In most series involving the pediatric age group, the majority of thyroid procedures are performed on adolescents.1–6 Thyroid surgery in the young child requires special precautions in addition to those routinely associated with thyroidectomy in the adult.The techniques and perioperative management of the pediatric thyroidectomy employed at our institution has evolved as experience is gained. Our experience with five such patients with adequate follow‐up will be presented.
Velar closure and ear tubings as a primary procedure in the repair of cleft palates
Authors: Frable Mary Ann , Brandon Gilbert Theodore , Theogaraj S. Dawson 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis ten‐year study reviews 36 patients with complete clefts of the hard and soft palates treated with primary velar closure, bilateral myringotomies, and tubings performed when the infant was 12 to 15 months of age. The hard palate and prepalate were not closed until the child was at least 5 1/2, years of age. By early velar closure, a population with an almost 100% incidence of otitis media with effusion has been converted to a population with a 17% incidence of recurrent otitis media requiring repeat myringotomies and tubings.
High‐grade malignancies of the parotid gland: Effective use of planned combined surgery and irradiation
Authors: Matsuba Howard M. , Thawley Stanley E. , Levine Laurence A. , Smith Peter G. , Devineni V. Rao 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe trend toward treatment of parotid gland malignancies with planned combined surgery and postoperative radiation therapy is currently being followed by many centers, although prospective studies comfirming the efficacy of this treatment regimen have only recently begun. We have reviewed only our “high‐grade” histologic types: adenocarcinomas, malignant mixed tumors, high‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and undifferentiated carcinomas. Acinic cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas were excluded from study because of their different biologic behavior. Since 1974, we have employed the approach of surgical extirpation with preservation of the facial nerve when possible for all parotid tumors, combined with planned postoperative radiation therapy (50‐70 Gy).We reviewed the 37 cases of “high‐grade” parotid gland malignancies and compared the patients treated with the combined modality approach with our historical patients treated initially with surgery alone. Despite an apparent higher stage at presentation, our combined treatment group ultimately had significantly better local control (70% vs. 20%), and an equivalent survival rate at five years.Tumor was present at the margin of resection in 14 (74%) cases treated with combined surgery and irradiation. The facial nerve was preserved in six of these patients with positive margins, and only one of these patients developed a local or regional treatment failure.In conclusion, our data confirms the efficacy of surgical exploration to determine the extent of disease and surgical resection, preserving facial nerve function if possible, followed by postoperative radiation therapy at adequate doses. Control of local‐regional disease was much improved by combined modality therapy as opposed to surgical resection alone, despite the prevalence of residual microscopic disease in the resection margins. Facial nerve function is optimally preserved by this approach of conservative surgery combined with postoperative radiation therapy.
Obstructive sleep apnea: Variations in surgical management
Authors: Caldarelli David D. , Cartwright Rosalind D. , Lilie Jamie K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractForty patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were either treated by submucous resection, alone or by palatopharyngoplasty (PPP). Before surgery, each patient underwent a thorough sleep evaluation for the diagnosis of OSA.Of the 23 patients treated by submucous resection alone, eight had more than a 50% reduction in their apnea index and were considered successfully treated. Of the remaining 15, ten received a supplemental tongue retaining device (TRD). Five of the ten were markedly improved. The overall success rate in this group was 57%.Of the 17 patients treated by submucous resection and PPP, ten were treated successfully. Six of the remaining seven patients were subsequently treated with a TRD, which was successful in four. The overall success rate in this group was 82%.