bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MUC5B Secretion is Up-Regulated in Sinusitis Compared with Controls
Authors: Viswanathan Harishnath , Brownlee Iain A. , Pearson Jeffrey P. , Carrie Sean 
Published: October 2006

Background The mucus that lines the airway epithelium provides a barrier against pathogenic and noxious agents and participates in the innate mucosal response to inflammation and infection. Mucins are the major components of mucus and the macromolecules that impart rheologic properties to airway mucus. Airway mucus is overproduced in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Biochemical and biophysical characterization of mucus in CRS and in normal airways will elucidate important aspects of CRS pathophysiology and allow the design of targeted medical treatments. The aim of this study was to estimate secretion of sinus mucus mucins in healthy individuals and CRS and correlate them with mucus biophysical properties. Methods Twenty-seven sinus mucus samples from 21 patients were collected (14 subjects with CRS undergoing sinus surgery as part of their treatment and 7 control subjects undergoing hypophysectomy without sinonasal disease). Biophysical properties of the mucus were measured by rheometry. ELISA was done to estimate MUC5AC and MUC5B mucin content in comparison with standards, i.e., porcine gastric mucin (MUC5AC) and human salivary mucin (MUC5B). Results MUC5B secretion ± SEM was 0.49 ± 0.16 μg/mL (n = 14) and 0.17 ± 0.05 μg/mL (n = 7) and MUC5AC secretion ± SEM was 1.26 ± 0.26 μg/mL (n = 14) and 1.46 ± 0.61 μg/mL (n = 7) in chronic sinusitis and control subjects, respectively. There was linear correlation between viscosity and mucin content in the control group but not in the CRS group. Conclusion MUC5B secretion is significantly up-regulated in CRS compared with control subjects (p = 0.04). Correlation between viscosity and mucin content was lost in CRS. This is likely to have important implications for future therapies in CRS.
Responsive Systems|Appliance Architectures
Authors: Hookway Branden , Perry Chris 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBranden Hookway and Chris Perry introduce the Responsive Systems Group (RSG), a newly formed design research collective at Cornell University's School of Architecture, Art, and Planning. Highly interdisciplinary in nature, the work here addresses questions of collective intelligence at a number of scales. In terms of practice, collaborative, group‐based work is emphasised, with both the students as well as the instructors working in teams of three (Perry and Hookway are co‐directors of the Responsive Systems Group along with Ezra Ardolino). The second scale addresses the technologies and methodologies of design itself, exploring problems of ‘responsivity’ in the context of artificial intelligence and the emerging fields of robotic and sensory interaction design. Finally, and by extension, the issue of scale itself becomes a site of inquiry as the RSG's work focuses less on ‘architecture’ and more on ‘design’, implicitly if not explicitly loosening general notions of disciplinarity as a means of revealing new sites for mixture and innovation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel Processing: Design /Practice
Authors: Erdman David , Gow Marcelyn , Karlsson Ulrika , Perry Chris 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn the late 1990s servo emerged as a young design collaborative embracing new forms of distributed practice as enabled by the advent of telecommunications technologies. In this section, David Erdman, Marcelyn Gow, Ulrika Karlsson and Chris Perry write about how these organisational principles are at work not only in the context of their practice, but in the design work itself, which stretches across a variety of design disciplines to incorporate areas of expertise particular to information and interaction design, as well as a number of manufacturing and fabrication technologies. Many of servo's projects have focused on small‐scale interior infrastructures, typically in the form of gallery installations, furniture systems and exhibition designs. This particular scale has allowed the group to focus on the development of full‐scale prototypes, exploring a wide range of potential innovations at the point of integration between various technological and material systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
After BitTorrent: Darknets to Native Data
Authors: Burke Anthony 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhat are the implications of the inherent reflexivity of the Internet for the design professions? Anthony Burke argues that radically innovative and distributed forms of information exchange such as BitTorrent suggest a general shift away from the traditional conception of the architect as master builder to one more in line with the collaborative remixing and patching tactics of the hacker. BitTorrent is a communications protocol that allows massive information exchange across infinite users with minimum resources. Through its sheer force of collectively pooled imagination, it provides a potent example of the sorts of platforms of information exchange that foster the new forms of communal organisation that Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri term the ‘Multitude’, and which productively challenge conventional models of cultural invention and production. In this context, Burke raises questions about the implications of this broader shift for the design professions' business organisation, as well as their more general methodologies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolving Synergy: OCEAN Currents, Current OCEANs and Why Networks Must Displace Themselves
Authors: Hensel Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFounded in the early 1990s, OCEAN was one of the first collaborative geographically distributed practices to realise the potential of telecommunication and digital design technologies. Here Michael Hensel recounts the various mutations and fluid transformations of the experimental groupings that came to form OCEAN net. Accordingly, Hensel's account is more akin to a band biography than a staid sociology of a professional office. Moreover, he explores how the molecular model of distributed authorship presents difficulties, either by confounding external expectations of a singular identity or signature behind the various design processes, or internally as a stable whole of identities attempting to re‐emerge and fix its collaborative mixings into a rigid hierarchy. As OCEAN's biography attests, true collaboration is inherently flat, distributed and transformative, situating architecture as more than just a service profession and transforming it into an intensive practice of living. Collective intelligence in these terms is embedded in the distributed evolutionary processes of the practice as a design project in itself. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinctive localization of N‐ and E‐cadherins in rat anterior pituitary gland
Authors: Kikuchi Motoshi , Yatabe Megumi , Fujiwara Ken , Takigami Shu , Sakamoto Atsushi , Soji Tsuyoshi , Yashiro Takashi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn the rat anterior pituitary gland, folliculo‐stellate cells aggregate preferably to form pseudofollicles, and each type of hormone‐producing cell shows adhesive affinity with particular types of heterologous hormone‐producing cells. Distribution of cadherin types in the rat anterior pituitary was examined immunohistochemically to clarify the unique cell arrangements caused by homologous and heterologous affinities among cells. N‐ and E‐cadherins were detected continuously along cell membranes, while P‐cadherin was not. N‐ and E‐cadherins showed distinct isolation in localization, with N‐cadherins localized in hormone‐producing cells of distal and intermediate lobes in various amounts, and E‐cadherins limited to folliculo‐stellate cells and marginal layer cells facing the residual lumen of Rathke's pouch. A similar distribution of cadherins was observed in cell clusters of primary cultured anterior pituitary cells. These findings suggest that differential expression of cell adhesion molecules may be partially responsible for localization of hormone‐producing cells and folliculo‐stellate cells. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1183–1189, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does static precede dynamic osteogenesis in endochondral ossification as occurs in intramembranous ossification?
Authors: Ferretti Marzia , Palumbo Carla , Bertoni Laura , Cavani Francesco , Marotti Gastone 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEndochondral ossification takes place with calcified cartilage cores providing a rigid scaffold for new bone formation. Intramembranous ossification begins in connective tissue and new bone formed by a process of static ossification (SO) followed by dynamic ossification (DO) as previously described. The aim of the present study was to determine if the process of endochondral ossification is similar to that of intramembranous ossification with both a static and a dynamic phase of osteogenesis. Endochondral ossification centers of the tibiae and humeri of newborn and young growing rabbits were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. The observations clearly showed that in endochondral ossification, the calcified trabeculae appeared to be lined first by osteoclasts. The osteoclasts were then replaced by flattened cells (likely cells of the reversal phase) and finally by irregularly arranged osteoblastic laminae, typical of DO. This cellular sequence did not include osteoblasts seen in the phase of SO. These findings clearly support our working hypothesis that SO only forms in soft tissues to provide a rigid framework for DO, and that DO requires a rigid mineralized surface. The presence of osteocytes in contact with the calcified cartilage also suggests the existence of stationary osteoblasts in endochondral ossification. Stationary osteoblasts did not appear to be a unique feature of SO. The presence of stationary osteoblasts may appear to provide the initial osteocytes during osteogenesis that may function as mechanosensors throughout the bone tissue. If this is the case, then bone would be capable of sensing mechanical strains from its inception. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1158–1162,2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flores hominid: New species or microcephalic dwarf?
Authors: Martin Robert D. , MacLarnon Ann M. , Phillips James L. , Dobyns William B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe proposed new hominid “Homo floresiensis” is based on specimens from cave deposits on the Indonesian island Flores. The primary evidence, dated at ∼ 18,000 y, is a skull and partial skeleton of a very small but dentally adult individual (LB1). Incomplete specimens are attributed to eight additional individuals. Stone tools at the site are also attributed toH. floresiensis. The discoverers interpretedH. floresiensisas an insular dwarf derived fromHomo erectus, but others see LB1 as a small‐bodied microcephalicHomo sapiens. Study of virtual endocasts, including LB1 and a European microcephalic, purportedly excluded microcephaly, but reconsideration reveals several problems. The cranial capacity of LB1 (∼ 400 cc) is smaller than in any other known hominid < 3.5 Ma and is far too small to derive fromHomo erectusby normal dwarfing. By contrast, some associated tools were generated with a prepared‐core technique previously unknown forH. erectus, including bladelets otherwise associated exclusively withH. sapiens. The single European microcephalic skull used in comparing virtual endocasts was particularly unsuitable. The specimen was a cast, not the original skull (traced to Stuttgart), from a 10‐year‐old child with massive pathology. Moreover, the calotte does not fit well with the rest of the cast, probably being a later addition of unknown history. Consideration of various forms of human microcephaly and of two adult specimens indicates that LB1 could well be a microcephalicHomo sapiens. This is the most likely explanation for the incongruous association of a small‐brained recent hominid with advanced stone tools. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1123–1145, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue evidence of the testosterone role on the abnormal growth and aging effects reversion in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) prostate
Authors: Scarano Wellerson Rodrigo , Vilamaior Patricia Simone Leite , Taboga Sebastião Roberto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractProstate differentiation during embryogenesis and its further homeostatic state maintenance during adult life depend on androgens. Abundant biological data suggest that androgens play an important role in the development of the prostate cancer and other prostatic diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the testosterone supplementation in gerbil (a new experimental model) at different ages. Tissues from experimental animals were studied by histological and histochemistry procedures, androgen receptor immunohistochemistry assay, morphometric‐stereological analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After the treatment were observed increase of prostate weight and epithelium height in all ages studied. In some adult and aged treated animals, hyperplasic and displasic process were observed, including prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias and adenocarcinomas. Increase of the thickness of the smooth muscle cell (SMC) layer was observed in pubescent and adult animals and TEM revealed apparent SMC hypertrophy. An apparent increase in the frequency of blood vessels distributed by the subepithelial stroma in the treated animals was noticed. Reversion of the natural effects of aging on the prostate was observed in the aged treated animals in some acini of the gland. These data demonstrate that the gerbil prostate is susceptible to androgenic action at the studied ages and it can serve, for example, as experimental model to studies of prostate neoplasic process induction and hormonal therapy in aged animals. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1190–1200, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Memory Effect of Activated Mg–Al Hydrotalcite: In Situ XRD Studies during Decomposition and Gas‐Phase Reconstruction
Authors: Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , Abelló Sònia , van der Pers Niek M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of Mg–Al hydrotalcite and the subsequent reconstruction of the decomposed products in the presence of water vapor (2 vol. % H2O in N2) have been investigated by in situ XRD. Thermographic analysis and temperature‐programmed desorption MS results complemented the diffraction data. Valuable mechanistic and kinetic insights into these processes, which are of prime importance for optimal activation of this type of material for catalytic applications, were obtained. Hydrotalcite decomposition to the mixed oxide proceeds via formation at 423–473 K of an intermediate phase, consisting of a highly disordered, dehydrated, layered structure. The latter evolves by removal of interlayer water on heating, causing a shrinking of the interlayer space (it is up to 45 % smaller than in the as‐synthesized hydrotalcite). Above 623 K, Mg(Al)Ox oxide with the periclase structure is formed. Reversion of the intermediate dehydrated structure to hydrotalcite upon contact with water vapor is complete and very fast at room temperature. Recovery of hydrotalcite from the oxide calcined at 723 K is two orders of magnitude slower than rehydration of the intermediate layered structure and one order of magnitude slower than the typically practiced liquid‐phase reconstruction. In contrast to the decomposition, the reconstruction mechanism does not involve an intermediate phase. The gas‐phase rehydration and reconstruction was interrupted above 303 K. This is attributed to the poor wetting of the surface of the decomposed materials induced by hampered H2O adsorption above room temperature at the water vapor pressure applied. The Avrami–Erofe′ev model describes the reconstruction kinetics well.
La3Ni2O6: A New Double T′‐Type Nickelate with Infinite Ni1+/2+O2 Layers.
Authors: Poltavets Viktor V. , Lokshin Konstantin A. , Dikmen Sibel , Croft Mark , Egami Takeshi , Greenblatt Martha 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Complex Concaved Cuboctahedrons of Copper Sulfide Crystals with Highly Geometrical Symmetry Created by a Solution Process.
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Yu Shu‐Hong , Antonietti Markus 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Diagram of Mg Insertion into Chevrel Phases, MgxMo6T8 (T: S, Se). Part 2. The Crystal Structure of Triclinic MgMo6Se8.
Authors: Levi E. , Lancry E. , Mitelman A. , Aurbach D. , Isnard O. , Djurado D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[C6H17N3]4 [Sb4V16O42]×2H2O and [NH4]4 [Sb8V14O42]×2H2O — The First Isolated Sb Derivates of the [V18O42] Family.
Authors: Kiebach Ragnar , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Cyclization of Dilithiated Nitriles with Isothiocyanates and Epibromohydrin. Synthesis of 2‐Cyano‐1‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanes and 2‐Cyanomethylidene‐4‐(hydroxymethyl)thiazolidines.
Authors: Albrecht Uwe , Freifeld Ilia , Reinke Helmut , Langer Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Distannane‐Mediated Reaction of N‐Acyliminium Ion Pools with Alkyl Halides. A Chain Mechanism Involving Radical Addition Followed by Electron Transfer.
Authors: Maruyama Tomokazu , Suga Seiji , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tribromoisocyanuric Acid: A New Reagent for Regioselective Cobromination of Alkenes.
Authors: De Almeida Leonardo S. , Esteves Pierre M. , de Mattos Marcio C. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Amidations of Alkynyl Bromides as a General Synthesis of Ynamides and (Z)‐Enamides. An Intramolecular Amidation for the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Ynamides.
Authors: Zhang Xuejun , Zhang Yanshi , Huang Jian , Hsung Richard P. , Kurtz Kimberly C. M. , Oppenheimer Jossian , Petersen Matthew E. , Sagamanova Irina K. , Shen Lichun , Tracey Michael R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Aliphatic Ketones Through a Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Tandem Cross‐Metathesis/Allylic Alcohol Isomerization.
Authors: Finnegan David , Seigal Benjamin A. , Snapper Marc L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring Enlargement of Aryl‐Substituted Methylenecyclopropanes to Cyclobutenes.
Authors: Shi Min , Liu Le‐Ping , Tang Jie 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First Stereospecific Synthesis of (E)‐ or (Z)‐α‐Fluoroenones via a Kinetically Controlled Negishi Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Dutheuil Guillaume , Paturel Clotilde , Lei Xinsheng , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Catalytic Method for the Regioselective Halogenation of Arenes.
Authors: Kalyani Dipannita , Dick Allison R. , Anani Waseem Q. , Sanford Melanie S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Pseudo C2‐Symmetric Tertiary Diamine for the Enantioselective Addition of MeLi to Aromatic Imines.
Authors: Gille Segolene , Cabello Noemi , Kizirian Jean‐Claude , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Reduction of Aromatic Ketones in Pyridinium‐Based Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Xiao Ying , Malhotra Sanjay V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Promoted Beller′s Synthesis of Substituted Phthalates.
Authors: Yang Yun‐Yun , Shou Wang‐Ge , Wang Yan‐Guang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalysis and Regioselectivity of the Aqueous Heck Reaction by Pd(0) Nanoparticles under Ultrasonic Irradiation.
Authors: Zhang Zuhui , Zha Zhenggen , Gan Changsheng , Pan Chongfeng , Zhou Yuqing , Wang Zhiyong , Zhou Ming‐Ming 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One Facile Preparation of N‐Aroyl‐N′‐arylsulfonylhydrazines by Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehyde N‐Arylsulfonylhydrazones with Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene.
Authors: Shang Zhenhua , Reiner John , Zhao Kang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mn(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Hosseinpoor Farideh , Golchoubian Hamid 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Arylation of N‐Tosylarylimines with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Duan Hai‐Feng , Jia Yi‐Xia , Wang Li‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of (Z)‐ and (E)‐Stilbenes by Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organotellurides with Potassium Organotrifluoroborate Salts.
Authors: Cella Rodrigo , Stefani Helio A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.