bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTS ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF EXOGENOUS OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN
Authors: Jensen Svend Erik , Frandsen Per , Nielsen Aage Theil 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oxytocin (milk-ejecting activity) and arginine vasopressin (antidiuretic activity) in water-loaded rabbits was measured following simultaneous intravenous injection of 1–9 IU of oxytocin and 0.1–0.3 IU of vasopressin per animal. The percentage excretion of vasopressin was 2–10 times that of oxytocin.
Experiments with a steady state blood level of vasopressin and oxytocin maintained by continuous infusion showed, that the vasopressin/oxytocin ratio increased 2–6 times, when the hormones passed from the blood into the urine. This indicates a difference in the renal handling of the hormones with regard to the mechanism of the urinary excretion.
The urinary clearance of vasopressin was about the same as that of inulin, consistent with the hypothesis, that vasopressin is excreted mainly by glomerular filtration. The clearance of oxytocin was lower than that of vasopressin and inulin, indicating that oxytocin is filtered at a lower rate (binding to plasma proteins) or partly re-absorbed or inactivated in the tubules and/or collecting ducts.
EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES IN INTACT AND HYPOTHALAMIC DEAFFERENTED RATS
Authors: Feldman S. , Conforti N. , Chowers I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of systemically administered dexamethasone on adrenocortical responses to ether stress were studied in intact and in hypothalamic deafferented rats, in which a hypothalamic island was produced. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone was twice as marked in the intact animals than in the rats with hypothalamic islands. However, direct implantation of dexamethasone into the mediobasal hypothalamus depressed the adrenocortical responses to the same extent in the intact and the deafferented rats. These results would indicate that the negative feedback of dexamethasone in the regulation of ACTH secretion is exerted at hypothalamic levels and that other extra-hypothalamic structures also participate in this mechanism.
IN VITRO CONVERSION OF [4-14C] DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE TO OESTROGENS BY THE MICROSOMES OF PLACENTAS FROM NORMAL, TOXAEMIC, DIABETIC AND POSTMATURE PREGNANCIES
Authors: Lehmann W. D. , Lauritzen Ch. , Schumann R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The placental oestrogen precursors [4-14C]dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and [4-14C]androstenedione (AD) were incubated with microsomal fractions of human placentas from normal and pathological pregnancies at different stages of gestation, in order to evaluate the rate of conversion of the substrates to oestrogens. In placentas from normal pregnancies the capability to convert C19-steroids (DHA and AD) to C18-steroids (oestrone and oestradiol017β) increased with the age of gestation. The placenta at term metabolizes [4-14C]DHA and [4-14C]AD into oestrogens (oestrone and oestradiol-17β) with a four times greater aromatisation rate than the placenta at midpregnancy. The concentration of protein in the placental microsomal fraction also increased with the age of gestation. In our aromatisation studies it was found that the conversion rate of DHA and AD to oestrogens (oestrone and oestradiol-17β) by placental microsomes was significantly lowered in toxaemic and diabetic placentas and in placentas of postmaturity cases as compared to normal placentas at term. The relationship between placental insufficiency and a lowered capacity of Δ5-Δ4-isomerase, 3β-hydroxysteriod-dehydrogenase and the aromatizing enzyme systems is discussed with regard to the main causes of a low oestriol excretion and a low aromatisation rate of injected DHA-S in pathological pregnancies. Finally it is shown, that the parameters of the hormonal investigations correlate with the degree of pathological microscopic alterations of the placentas.
URINARY EXCRETION OF FREE CORTISOL IN HYPERCALCAEMIA
Authors: Jorgensen F. Schønau , Kehlet H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human and animal studies have uniformly demonstrated increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity during acute hypercalcaemia. The HPA-activity during chronic hypercalcaemia was investigated by means of free urinary cortisol excretion. No difference in HPA activity could be demonstrated between a hyperparathyroid hypercalcaemic and a normocalcaemic group of patients. Based on these results it is suggested that during chronic hypercalcaemia, the HPA feed back mechanism overcomes the influence of hypercalcaemia on the HPA-axis.
FEMALE ENDOCRINE CONTROL MECHANISMS DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: Schulz K.-D. , August S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to report on the in vivo effect of different doses of cis- and trans-clomiphene on the RNA and protein synthesis in the ovary, liver, adrenal gland and uterus of newborn guinea pigs. After the sc injection of either isomer the biochemical parameters were determined at different time intervals. Both isomers induced an increase of the RNA- and protein-synthesizing activity in the uterus, but failed to do so in the ovary, liver and adrenal gland. According to data reported here and also by other investigators it may be assumed that the lack of ovarian response to the treatment with cis- or trans-clomiphene is primarily due to the functional immaturity of the female hypothalamus and/or pituitary during the neonatal period. Both isomers failed to modify the pattern of gonadotrophin release, as shown by the constancy of the ovarian RNA and protein synthesis after the administration of either of the isomers.
In the uterus, both cis- and trans-clomiphene strikingly imitated the biochemical stimulation produced by natural oestrogens. In contrast to oestradiol-17β, both clomiphene isomers showed a later onset and longer duration of the oestrogenic activity. The first increase of the amino acid incorporation into uterine proteins was noted after 5 hours in the cis-clomiphene treated group and after 8 hours in the trans-clomiphene treated animals as compared to 1 hour when oestradiol-17β was used. This difference seems to be due to a delayed transfer of the cytoplasmic oestradiol receptor to the nucleus after the injection of cis- or trans-clomiphene. As compared to oestradiol-treated animals, the clomiphene injection provoked a prolonged elevation of the uterine protein-synthesizing activity, most likely reflecting an effect of the enterohepatic recirculation of both isomers.
DETECTION OF [3H]5α-ANDROSTANE-3α,17β-DIOL AND [3H]17β-HYDROXY-5α-ANDROSTAN-3-ONE IN MOUSE TESTES FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF [3H]TESTOSTERONE
Authors: Kasai Hisanori , Mizutani Shutaro , Matsumoto Keishi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
[3H]Testosterone (2.0 μg/300 μCi or 3.3 μg/500 μCi) was injected into each of 23 mice, aged 45 days and the distribution of tritium among certain unconjugated steroids in the whole tissue, nuclear, mitochondrial + microsomal and cytosol fractions from the testes, liver, muscle, blood and prostate + seminal vesicle was determined 1 h after the injection.
[3H] 17β-Hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one could be clearly shown in the whole tissue and the three fractions from the testes and prostate-seminal vesicle, but none was identified in any of the fractions from androgen-unresponsive tissues such as the liver, muscle and blood. However, the levels of [3H] 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one were much higher in the prostate-seminal vesicle than in the testes. The levels of [3H]5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol in all the fractions from the testes as well as those from the prostate-seminal vesicle were in the order of ten times the levels in the corresponding fractions from the liver and muscle. Identification of [3H] steroids was accomplished by reverse isotope dilution and re-crystallization to constant specific activity. It would appear that the mouse testes belong to androgen-responsive tissues and that 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol and 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one may play a role in the testes.
THE HORMONAL CONTROL OF RIBONUCLEASE ACTIVITY IN THE LYMPHATIC TISSUE OF MICE
Authors: Maor D. , Eylan E. , Alexander P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ribonuclease activity in thymus and lymph nodes is stimulated by cortisone; insulin increases ribonuclease activity only in the thymus. Growth hormone and theophylline do not cause changes in thymus and lymph nodes ribonuclease levels. Injections of cortisone combined with growth hormone or with theophylline increase the activity more than cortisone alone. Insulin does not enhance the action of cortisone on ribonuclease activity. A synergistic loss in weight of thymus and spleen was found after administration of cortisone in combination with either growth hormone or with theophylline.
LOCALIZATION AND CONTENT OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR (TRF) IN MEDIAN EMINENCE OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
Authors: Joseph Shirley Anne , Scott David E. , Vaala Sharon S. , Knigge Karl M. , Krobisch-Dudley Gerda 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An in vitro assay for thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF) is described which is based upon release of TSH from hemi-pituitary glands of normal rats. Pre-incubation of the pituitary gland in rat plasma results in considerable increase in sensitivity to approximately 35 pg of TRF. The content of TRF in median eminence of the hypothalamus of normal rats is estimated to be in the range of 102–140 pg. When median eminence is incubated in vitro with 3H-TRF or when radiolabelled hormone is infused intraventricularly, autoradiographic evidence indicates that the hormone is present in specialized ependyma (tanycytes) of the median eminence.
PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SHEEP NEUROPHYSIN
Authors: Chrétien Michel , Gilardeau Claude 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A protein isolated from ovine pituitary glands has been purified, and its homogeneity assessed by NH2- and COOH-terminal amino acid determination, ultracentrifugation studies, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after carboxymethylation. Its chemical and immunochemical properties are closely similar to those of beef and pork neurophysins, less similar to those of human neurophysins. It contains no tryptophan (like other neurophysins) or histidine (like all except bovine neurophysin-I and human neurophysins). It has alanine at the NH2-terminus and valine at the COOH-terminus. Its amino acid composition is similar to, but not identical with those of porcine and bovine neurophysins.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF IODINATION SUPPORTED BY THYROIDAL NADPH-CYTOCHROME c REDUCTASE
Authors: Hati Ratha N. , DeGroot Leslie J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Further studies are reported on a tyrosine iodination system reconstructed from NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, either vitamin K3 or cytochrome c, and soluble iodinating enzyme from calf thyroid. K3Fe(CN)6, NADP+ and DCIP inhibited iodination. Iodination is also inhibited by addition of pyrogallol, o-dianisidine and guaiacol, possibly due to competition for H2O2. Haematin can replace cytochrome c in the iodinating system, but haematoporphyrin,haemoglobin, FeCl3 and K3Fe(CN)6 cannot. Trypsin-digested cytochrome c is not able to support the iodination, but boiled or dialyzed cytochrome c is as effective as native cytochrome c. The haematin response is not altered by trypsin treatment, boiling or dialysis. 14C-formate is oxidized to [14C]O2 in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c or hematin.
From these data, it seems that NADPH, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and a third factor (vitamin K3, cytochrome c or haematin) possibly function as an H2O2 generating source to carry out the iodination reaction. It is suggested that a superoxide radical may be involved in the reaction and that the "third factor" serves to accelerate dismutation of the radical to H2O2.
THE SIMULTANEOUS ASSAY OF CORTISOL AND 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN THE PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Pham-Huu-Trung M. T. , Gourmelen M. , Girard F. , Marrec D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The simultaneous determination of cortisol and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) was carried out on a single plasma sample (0.6 ml) by the competitive protein-binding technique after a steroid partition by water and carbon tetrachloride.
This procedure was tested for sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and specificity. It was then applied to plasma samples obtained from 20 control subjects and 28 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
The cortisol value in the control group was 9.3 μg/100 ml ± 0.7 (se). This was moderately decreased in the untreated patients (group I): 6.7 μg/100 ml ± 0.9 (se), markedly decreased in those who discontinued treatment for 3 to 15 days (group II): 1.5 μg/100 ml ± 0.3 (se) and was suppressed in the treated patients (group III).
In normal children, the 17-OHP level was at the limit of sensitivity of the method. It was increased to 29 μg/100 ml ± 2.8 (se) in group I and was unchanged in group II: 26.5 μg/100 ml ± 3.4 (se). The plasma 17-OHP remained elevated in the patients who received an oral cortisol dose ≦ 20 mg/m2/ day and decreased to ≦ 3 μg/100 ml in those who were treated with a cortisol dose > 20 μg/m2/day.
A 17-OHP response to ® and a 17-OHP diurnal rhythm were were observed in the untreated patients. In contrast, the patients who had temporarily stopped their treatment had no reaction.
A negative correlation between the cortisol and ACTH levels appeared in groups I and II (N = 19; r = –0.66; P < 0.01) and a positive correlation was noted between the 17-OHP and urinary pregnanetriol values in all the patients (N = 33; r = 0.52; P < 0.01).
The reported technique described is simple and contributes to the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia; it can also be useful in the follow-up of treated patients.
OESTROGENIC AND ANTIFERTILITY EFFECTS OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Jacob Dennis , Kaul D. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three newly synthesized non-steroidal derivatives of chalcone (benzalacetophenone), viz., 2′-chloro-4:4′-difluorochalcone (CH-4), 2′-chloro-3:4-methylenedioxy-4′-fluorochalcone (CH-6) and 2′-hydroxy-3:4-methylenedioxy-4′-fluorochalcone (CH-8) were evaluated for their oestrogenicity in the mouse and were found to possess a statistically highly significant (P < 0.001) uterotrophic effect at a dose of 1.0 mg/mouse. Of the three compounds CH-6 was the most potent. In comparison with oestradiol-17β, CH-6 proved to have a very low oestrogenic activity; however, it caused a highly significant increase in the mouse uterine weight at a dose of 0.1 mg/mouse, while a maximal effect was produced at a dose of 1.0 mg/mouse.
CH-6 was investigated for its post-coital antifertility effect in the mouse. At a dose of 1.0 mg/mouse and with the experimental regimen used CH-6 inhibited implantation in the mouse. When CH-6 was administered to 30-day old male mice for 5 consecutive days doses of 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg/mouse caused a highly significant decrease in the weight and size of the testes and seminal vesicles.
FEEDBACK CONTROL OF FSH IN THE MALE: ROLE OF OESTROGEN
Authors: Walsh Patrick C. , Swerdloff Ronald S. , Odell William D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in a group of elderly men following castration and oestrogen therapy. Prior to orchiectomy, mean serum concentrations of LH and FSH were within the normal range. Two days following castration, serum LH concentrations increased in all eight patients; higher levels of LH were subsequently measured in all but one patient after periods of time ranging from 49 to 210 days. Serum FSH levels, measured in three patients following castration, increased in a pattern parallel to LH changes. Ethinyl oestradiol (EOe) in doses ranging from 5 to 300 μg/day was administered to ten men who had been castrated 3 to 72 months earlier. Oestrogen treatment suppressed both LH and FSH in a parellel manner in nine of ten patients. LH was first suppressed to intact levels in one of eight patients treated with 20 μg/day of EOe, in two of six patients treated with 50 μg/day, and in one patient by 80 μg/day. FSH was not suppressed to precastration levels until 50 μg/day of EOe was administered; this dose suppressed three of six patients. Higher doses of EOe (150–300 μg/day) suppressed both LH and FSH to levels below the sensitivity of the assay. These data fail to demonstrate any differential effect of oestrogen on LH and FSH release.
IODINATED THYROLIPIDS: THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE IN HORMONOGENESIS
Authors: Shah D. H. , Thakare U. R. , Shownkeen R. C. , Pahuja D. N. , Mandlik M. Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A total of 42 human thyroid glands (nodular goitre 9, adenoma with cystic degeneration 6; toxic goitre 10; carcinoma 14; and normal thyroid gland 3) were examined in vitro for iodination of an unidentified polar non-phosphatide lipid fraction (fraction II). The radioiodine incorporation in fraction II was 49.3 %, 43.6 %, 32.8 %, 20.7 %, and 22.0 % respectively in normal, nodular goitre, adenoma with cystic degeneration, toxic goitre and thyroid carcinoma.
In vitro studies with surviving sheep thyroid slices did not show any relation between the iodination of fraction II and thyroxine formation over a period of 120 min.
However, a highly significant correlation (r-value= 0.96375) was observed between the iodination of fraction II and thyroxine formation in vivo in the rat thyroid gland over a period of 24 h.
We have previously postulated that iodination of fraction II may be interrelated to thyroxine formation. In the light of this hypothesis and the above results we suggest that the iodination of fraction II and thyroxine formation in the thyroid gland may be interrelated, the degree of iodination of fraction II being modulated by the amount of thyroxine formed within the thyroid gland.
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON IONIZED VERSUS TOTAL SERUM CALCIUM IN HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Lindgärde F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Measurements of ionized (Ca+ + ) calcium and total (Cat) calcium have been performed in sera from hyperparathyroid, parathyroidectomized and control subjects. The relationship between Ca++ and Cat has been analysed statistically. It was found that two straight lines with the point of intersection at Ca++ =2.75 and Cat = 5.55 mEq./l, and slopes of 0.628 and 0.447, respectively, would describe the data more accurately than one single line. However, when the calcium level was varied by the addition of calcium chloride in vitro in individual or pooled sera, the Ca++–Cat relationship appeared to be linear. The results suggest that sera from hyperparathyroid subjects have an increased calcium binding capacity.
A NEW PRINCIPLE FOR THE COMPARISON OF INSULIN SECRETORY RESPONSES
Authors: Johansen Klaus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A new principle for the comparison of insulin secretory response has been devised. It consists in the selection of groups of subjects with identical glucose tolerance when subjected to the same amount of oral and intravenous glucose and of intravenous tolbutamide. In this way the problems and assumptions inherent in the use of the insulin/glucose ratio and the administration of different amount of insulin secretagogues have been avoided.
Using this new method of comparison of insulin secretory responses it has been demonstrated that young people maintain the same blood glucose level after stimulation with much smaller plasma insulin levels than their older counterparts, i. e. young non-diabetic and diabetic subjects seem to be more 'sensitive' to endogenous insulin than the old, alternately the old subjects are more 'resistant' to endogenous insulin than young subjects.
PLASMA CONCENTRATION AND PROTEIN BINDING OF OESTRIOL AND ITS CONJUGATES IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Goebelsmann U. , Chen L.-C. , Saga M. , Nakamura R. M. , Jaffe R. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestriol (OE3), oestriol-3-sulphate-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-3S,16Gl), oestriol-3-glucosiduronate (OE3-3Gl), oestriol-16-glucosiduronate (OE316Gl) and oestriol-3-sulphate (OE3-3S) concentrations were measured in a pool of plasma collected from 38 healthy pregnant women at 32 to 36 weeks of gestation. Using tritiated internal standards, OE3 and its 4 conjugates were isolated by countercurrent distributions and, following enzyme hydrolysis and chromatography, quantitated by fluorometry: OE3=1.48 μg/100 ml (13.8%), OE3-3S,16Gl = 3.78 μg/100 ml (35.2%), OE3-3Gl3-3Gl = 1.09 μg/100 ml (10.2%), OE3-16Gl= 1.59 μg/100 ml (14.8%) and OE3-3S = 2.79 μg/100 ml (26%).
OE3 and its conjugates were found to bind to serum proteins in Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and equilibrium dialysis studies. Considerably more OE3-3S and OE3-3S,16Gl than unconjugated OE3, and particularly OE3-16Gl and OE3-3Gl was bound at corresponding serum protein concentrations. When serum was fractionated by starch block electrophoresis and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, OE3 conjugates were found to be bound by protein(s) present in the albumin fraction.
The difference in plasma protein binding between OE3-3S/OE3-3S,16Gl and OE3-16Gl/OE3-3Gl explains, in part, the preponderance of OE3 sulphoconjugates in plasma and their paucity in urine, as well as the rapid renal excretion of OE3-16Gl and OE3-3Gl. Protein binding thus appears to play an important role in OE3 conjugate transport, metabolism and excretion.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS OF THE MALE RAT
Authors: Dahl Erik , Tveter Kjell J. , Kjaerheim Åsmund 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present paper describes the fine structure of the accessory sex organs of the male rat as seen after stimulation with testosterone administered to castrated adults as well as infantile rats.
Electron microscopic examination of the testosterone-treated castrated animals revealed an almost complete regeneration of the epithelial cells in all the organs, with a well developed Golgi area, a well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increased number of secretory granules. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the biochemical data, and it is concluded that the various cell types of the accessory genital complex react in a fundamentally similar manner to the administration of testosterone.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL ASSAY OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE UNCONCENTRATED URINE OF SUB- OR INFERTILE MALES
Authors: Mauss Joachim , Börsch Gereon 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was assayed in unconcentrated 2 × 24 h urine by means of a haemagglutination inhibition reaction FSH-Nosticon and Luteonosticon. The assay was performed in 10 fertile males and 121 sub- or infertile male patients. Normal values were 4.2 (range x̄ ± 2 s: 1.8–9.9) IU/24 h for FSH and 12.9 (5.9–28.2) IU/24 h for LH (by immunoassay, standard: 2nd IRP-HMG). A significant inverse correlation could be established between the log sperm concentration and log FSH excretion (r=−0.68; n= 126; P < 0.001). No correlation could be found between either motility or morphology and log FSH or log LH excretion. In 87 patients with normal testicular size regardless of sperm counts, LH excretion was above the normal range only 6 times. However, in uni- and bilateral testicular atrophy and furthermore in patients with varicocele, the mean LH excretion was significantly elevated in comparison to normal levels.