bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The [Ru(CO)(porphyrin)]‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐2‐vinylaziridines
Authors: Piangiolino Cristiana , Gallo Emma , Caselli Alessandro , Fantauzzi Simone , Ragaini Fabio , Cenini Sergio 
Published: December 2006

Abstract[Ru(CO)(porphyrin)] complexes have been found to catalyze the direct aziridination of conjugated dienes by aryl azides with high chemoselectivity, to provide N‐aryl‐2‐vinylaziridines. To determine the scope of the reaction, several hydrocarbons and azides were tested. The reactions between 2,3‐dimethylbuta‐1,3‐diene and aryl azides bearing electron‐withdrawing groups in the para or meta positions in their aryl moieties occur very efficiently in short times, while the selectivities of the aziridinations are governed by the steric hindrances of the double bonds, so lower yields are registered with sterically encumbered 1,4‐disubstituted dienes, though it is worth noting that the aziridination of trans,trans‐1,4‐diphenylbuta‐1,3‐diene was stereospecific and that only one isomer was obtained. The aza‐[3,3]‐Claisen rearrangement of 2‐isopropenyl‐2‐methyl‐N‐(4‐nitrophenyl)aziridine to produce the corresponding 2,5‐1H‐benzo[b]azepine is also reported.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Supramolecular Structures by Hydrogen Bonding: The Solid‐State Structure of Tris[3‐(3‐dimethylamino‐1‐oxoprop‐2‐enyl)phenyl]phosphane Oxide
Authors: Reis Andreas , Sun Yu , Wolmershäuser Gotthelf , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTris[3‐(3‐dimethylamino‐1‐oxoprop‐2‐enyl)phenyl]phosphaneoxide, which can be synthesized quantitatively by oxidation of the corresponding phosphane, crystallizes in the trigonal space group R$\bar {3}$. Because of the four different strong proton accepting sites (1 × P=O, 3 × C=O), this molecule can form P=O···H–O–H···O=P and C=O···H–C hydrogen bonds in the solid state, which results in the generation of two interpenetrating networks. In the cavities of the solid‐state structure, water and acetone are enclosed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Electrochemical Characteristics of Glucose Oxidase Adsorbed at Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode with Ionic Liquid as Binder
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Ling , Dong Shaojun 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMultiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs)‐modified electrode has been prepared by using ionic liquid (IL) as the binder. The as‐prepared CNTs‐IL composite modified electrode has good biocompatibility and is a suitable matrix to immobilize biomolecules. Glucose oxidase (GOx), containing flavin adenine dinucleotide as active site, stably adsorbed on modified electrode surface has resulted in the direct electron transfer. The electron transfer rate of 9.08 s−1 obtained is much higher than that of GOx adsorbed on the CNTs papers (1.7 s−1), and the process is more reversible with small redox peak separation of 23 mV. This may be due to the synergetic promotion of CNTs and IL to electron transfer of the protein, especially the IL as the binder, showing better electrochemical properties than that of chitosan and Nafion. Furthermore, GOx adsorbed at the modified electrode exhibits good stability and keeps good electrocatalytic activity to glucose with broad linear range up to 20 mM. Besides, the simple preparation procedure and easy renewability make the system a basis to investigate the electron transfer kinetics and biocatalytic performance of GOx and provide a promising platform for the development of biosensors.
Electropolymerized Manganese Tetraaminophthalocyanine Thin Films onto Platinum Ultramicroelectrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Peroxynitrite in Solution
Authors: Cortés José Sandoval , Granados Silvia Gutiérrez , Ordaz Alejandro Alatorre , Jiménez Jorge A. López , Griveau Sophie , Bedioui Fethi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPeroxynitrite, ONOO− also so‐called PON, is a very powerful oxidant and cytotoxic agent produced in biological systems by the recombination of nitric oxide and superoxide anion radical. Most of the techniques for assaying PON (chemiluminescence, fluorescence, UV‐visible spectroscopy, immunochemistry and EPR ) use indirect methods relying on measurements of secondary species. We report in this study the calibration of a chemically modified Pt ultramicroelectrode by electropolymerized manganese tetraaminophthalocyanine film (MnTAPc) for the determination of PON in aqueous solution. The obtained result allows showing for the first time a real‐time calibration curve of the amperometric determination of stable PON in aqueous solution. The sensitivity of the sensor is 14.6 nA mM−1 and its detection limit is 5 μM.
Application of microchip‐CE electrophoresis to follow the degradation of phenolic acids by aquatic plants
Authors: Ding Yongsheng , Garcia Carlos D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the separation and detection of six phenolic acids using an electrophoretic microchip with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). The selected phenolic acids are particularly important because of their biological activity. The analysis of these compounds is typically performed by chromatography or standard CE coupled with a wide variety of detection modes. However, these methods are slow, labor intensive, involve a multistep solvent extraction, require skilled personnel, or use bulky and expensive instrumentation. In contrast, microchip CE offers the possibility of performing simpler, less expensive, and faster analysis. In addition, integrated devices can be custom‐fabricated and incorporated with portable computers to perform on‐site analysis. In the present report, the effect of the separation potential, buffer pH and composition, injection time and PAD parameters were studied in an effort to optimize both the separation and detection of these phenolic acids. Using the optimized conditions, the analysis can be performed in less than 3 min, with detection limits ranging from 0.73 μM (0.10 μg/mL) for 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid to 2.12 μM (0.29 μg/mL) for salicylic acid. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the device, the degradation of a mixture of these acids by two aquatic plants was followed using the optimized conditions.
Dielectrophoresis microsystem with integrated flow cytometers for on‐line monitoring of sorting efficiency
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Hansen Ole , Petersen Peter K. , Rogeberg Anders , Kutter Jörg P. , Bang Dang D. , Wolff Anders 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) and flow cytometry are powerful technologies and widely applied in microfluidic systems for handling and measuring cells and particles. Here, we present a novel microchip with a DEP selective filter integrated with two microchip flow cytometers (FCs) for on‐line monitoring of cell sorting processes. On the microchip, the DEP filter is integrated in a microfluidic channel network to sort yeast cells by positive DEP. The two FCs detection windows are set upstream and downstream of the DEP filter. When a cell passes through the detection windows, the light scattered by the cell is measured by integrated polymer optical elements (waveguide, lens, and fiber coupler). By comparing the cell counting rates measured by the two FCs, the collection efficiency of the DEP filter can be determined. The chips were used for quantitative determination of the effect of flow rate, applied voltage, conductivity of the sample, and frequency of the electric field on the sorting efficiency. A theoretical model for the capture efficiency was developed and a reasonable agreement with the experimental results observed. Viable and non‐viable yeast cells showed different frequency dependencies and were sorted with high efficiency. At 2 MHz, more than 90% of the viable and less than 10% of the non‐viable cells were captured on the DEP filter. The presented approach provides quantitative real‐time data for sorting a large number of cells and will allow optimization of the conditions for, e.g., collecting cancer cells on a DEP filter while normal cells pass through the system. Furthermore, the microstructure is simple to fabricate and can easily be integrated with other microstructures for lab‐on‐a‐chip applications.
Optimizing the Production of Bacterial Cellulose in Surface Culture: A Novel Aerosol Bioreactor Working on a Fed Batch Principle (Part 3)
Authors: Hornung M. , Ludwig M. , Schmauder H. P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractParts 1 and 2 have shown that the rate of production of bacterial cellulose stagnates because of the limitation of substrate supply and a wall effect, which hinders the removal of the product from the active cell zone. This paper demonstrates, how both of these problems can be eliminated in a novel bioreactor, where the substrates (mainly glucose and oxygen) are both fed directly to the surface of the product cellulose. This involves the generation of an aerosol spray of glucose and its even distribution to the living bacteria on the medium‐air interface. The apparatus was built and operated up to eight weeks with a constant rate of cellulose production. The aerosol system provides the basis for an economic production of bacterial cellulose in surface culture.
Which elements in the treatment of eating disorders are necessary ‘ingredients’ in the recovery process?—A comparison between the patient's and therapist's view
Authors: Vanderlinden J. , Buis H. , Pieters G. , Probst M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about which therapeutic ‘ingredients’ in the treatment of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder(BED)) are needed for recovery. Remarkably, most studies on this topic have neglected the patient's view.MethodIn this study, a large sample of eating disorder patients (n = 132) was invited to evaluate which elements in the treatment they consider to be helpful and effective in their recovery process. These results were compared to the view of 49 eating disorder experts.ResultsFollowing the patient's view, ‘improving self‐esteem’, ‘improving body experience’ and ‘learning problem solving skills’, were considered as core elements in their treatment. No major differences were found between the different patient samples when comparing the patient's and therapist's view.DiscussionThe findings suggest that therapists and patients share more or less the same view about the basic and effective elements in the treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Exercise behaviours and feelings in eating disorder and non‐eating disorder groups
Authors: Boyd Catherine , Abraham Suzanne , Luscombe Georgina 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo compare exercise feelings and behaviours between female eating disorder (ED) (n = 287) and non‐ED (n = 613) groups. To determine if exercise feelings and behaviours predict the presence of an ED.MethodsNine hundred females completed questions about their exercise behaviours and feelings.ResultsBoth groups did similar amounts and days of exercise; the ED group scored higher on all other exercise behaviours and feelings except feeling that exercise was important for mood, and for weight loss. Best predictors of an ED diagnosis (VE 15.2%) were; ‘being annoyed if exercise interrupted’ (OR: 1.49; 95% CI 1.04–2.15), ‘others feeling you exercise a lot’ (OR: 1.61; 95% CI 1.06–2.44), ‘feeling bad if unable to exercise a certain amount’ (OR: 1.53; 95% CI 1.34–1.74), ‘feeling that you have/have had problems with exercise’ (OR: 2.12; 95% CI 1.33–3.39).DiscussionClinicians assessing eating disordered individuals should address specific exercise feelings, rather than exercise amount or frequency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Design and Partial Load Performance of a Hybrid System Based on a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell and a Gas Turbine
Authors: Chen Q. , Weng Y. , Zhu X. , Weng S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper addresses the design and part load performance analysis of a hybrid system (HS) combining a molten carbonate fuel cell stack with a micro gas turbine. A numerical simulation is carried out in order to define the optimal parameters of the HS. The calculation results show that the generating efficiency of the HS is close to 60% at the design point and over 56% at part load conditions. At the design point, the net power supplied by the HS is 12.6kW, with about 80% coming from the stack and 20% from the gas turbine. At part load conditions, the contribution of the MCFC increases, since the working performance of the turbine is reduced.
Study of Catalysts for Hydrogen Production by the High Temperature Steam Reforming of Methanol
Authors: Zhang C. , Yuan Z. , Liu N. , Wang S. , Wang S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn the present study, a series of Ir‐based catalysts, supported on Al2O3, ZrO2, CeO2, and CexZr1‐xO2, are investigated for the production of hydrogen by the high temperature steam reforming of methanol (SRM). Results show that CeO2 and CexZr1‐xO2 can promote the CO water gas shift (WGS) reaction, which is involved in the SRM network. Ir/CeO2 exhibits a better initial methanol conversion and its stability can be enhanced by the addition of ZrO2 to CeO2. The TPR and XRD characterization of the CeO2‐ZrO2 mixed oxides shows that Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 is the optimum support in maintaining catalyst activity, as well as stability. The addition of the precious metal Pt to Ir/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 demonstrates a synergistic effect and can obviously increase the selectivity of H2. In the meantime, the CO content in the reformate products decreases from 9 mol‐% to 6 mol‐%. Under the conditions of H2O/CH3OH=1.5 (molar ratio), LHSV=2.5 h–1, and a reaction temperature of 400 °C, a 92% methanol conversion is obtained during a 200 hour test on a 0.3%Ir‐0.3%Pt/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 catalyst and the stability is better than that of a commercial copper‐based catalyst.
Seven minute screen performance in a normal elderly sample
Authors: Skjerve Arvid , Nordhus Inger Hilde , Engedal Knut , Pallesen Ståle , Brækhus Anne , Nygaard Harald A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe Seven Minute Screen (7MS) is a brief cognitive case‐finding instrument for dementia. The test is composed of four subtests that assess performance with regard to orientation, memory, visuospatial ability and language. The objective of this study was to describe 7MS performance in a normal sample of people aged 65 years and older.MethodThe subjects were 66 Norwegian community‐dwellers who met selection criteria modified from the Mayo Older American Normative Studies standard. Mean age was 73.2 years, age range was 65–93 years, and mean Mini‐Mental State Examination score was 29.06, range 26–30.ResultsAnalysis of the 7MS subtests revealed relatively modest influence of age, education and gender on test performance. The composite 7MS performance scores were associated with education. Normal performance was expressed as means, standard deviations and percentile values for the age groups 65–74 years and 75 + years.Conclusion7MS performance is described for a normal sample. These data have the potential to increase the clinicians' ability to interpret 7MS test results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elemental and isotopic signatures of particulate organic carbon in the Zengjiang River, southern China
Authors: Gao Quanzhou , Tao Zhen , Yao Guanrong , Ding Jian , Liu Zufa , Liu Kexin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRiverine total suspended sediment (TSS) at the lower reach section of the Zengjiang River, a low‐turbidity river in the southern China, was sampled on a 4‐week basis from March 2002 to February 2003. The gross TSS was divided into sedimentary and suspended fractions (SED and SUS) by the sedimentation method. Organic carbon and nitrogen, 14C and 13C were analysed using an elemental analyser and accelerator mass spectrometer respectively. The results show that particulate organic carbon (POC) yield is 0·8 × 106 g km−2 year−1 in the Zengjiang River drainage basin, which is about one‐tenth of that in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River drainage basin. The C/N ratio demonstrates that aquatic biomass is the major contributor to POC in the Zengjiang River. The average share of aquatic biomass in the SUS‐fraction POC and SED‐fraction POC is about 88·89% and 62·76% respectively, with a substantial seasonal variation. δ13C values of SUS‐fraction POC (−26·56 to − 22·89‰) is slightly lighter than that of SED‐fraction POC (−25·05 to − 22·20‰), indicating that the contribution of aquatic biomass to δ13C values is more pronounced in the SUS‐fraction POC than in the SED‐fraction POC. The ‘bomb’–14C signature is not detected in the POC of Zengjiang River, and the contribution from geological organic carbon is very little. Δ14C values of the SED‐fraction POC vary from − 44 to − 223‰, and the Δ14C values of the SUS‐fraction POC vary from − 33 to − 165‰. For most paired samples, the SED‐fraction POC is generally more depleted in 14C than that of its counterpart SUS‐fraction POC. Compared with other small mountainous rivers, the 14C enrichment of POC in the Zengjiang River indicates slight drainage basin erosion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope hydrology of the Oldman River basin, southern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Rock Luc , Mayer Bernhard 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe partially semi‐arid Oldman River basin (OMRB), located in southern Alberta (Canada), has an area of 28 200 km2, is forested in its western headwater part, and is used for agriculture in its eastern part. Hydrometric measurements indicate that flow in the Oldman River has decreased by ∼34% between 1913 and 2003, and it is predicted that water withdrawals will increase in the next 20 years. The objective of this study was to determine whether isotope ratio measurements can provide further insight into the water dynamics of the Oldman River and its tributaries. Surface water samples were collected monthly between December 2000 and March 2003. Groundwater samples were taken from 58 wells during one‐time sampling trips. Runoff within the OMRB is currently about 70 mm year−1, with a corresponding runoff ratio of 0·18. Seasonal flow characteristics are markedly different upstream and downstream of the Oldman River reservoir. Upstream, sharp increases in flow in late spring and early summer are followed by a rapid decrease to base flow levels. Downstream, a prolonged high flow peak is observed due to the storage effect of the Oldman River reservoir. The seasonal variation in the isotopic composition of surface water from upstream sites is small. This suggests that peak runoff is not predominantly generated by melting snow accumulated during the preceding winter, but mainly by relatively well‐mixed young groundwater. A significant increase in the δ18O and δ2H values in the downstream part of the basin was observed. The increase in the isotopic values is partly due to surface water and groundwater influx with progressively higher δ18O and δ2H values in the eastern part, and partly due to evaporation. Hence, the combination of hydrometric data with isotope measurements yields valuable insights into the water dynamics in the OMRB that may be further refined with more intensive measurement programmes in the future. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for human Herpesvirus 8 infection and AIDS‐associated Kaposi's sarcoma among men who have sex with men in a European multicentre study
Authors: Martró Elisa , Esteve Anna , Schulz Thomas F. , Sheldon Julie , Gambús Gemma , Muñoz Rafael , Whitby Denise , Casabona Jordi ,   Euro‐Shaks study group
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe aimed to identify risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among HIV‐positive patients and behaviors associated with human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection, as well as to assess KS incidence and mortality rates longitudinally. To fulfill the first objective, a European case‐control study was designed in the early 1990s (each KS case was matched to 2 controls with another AIDS indicative disease). After the discovery of HHV‐8, serology testing enabled us to assess risk factors for KS development among HHV‐8 and HIV‐1 coinfected men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as risk factors for HHV‐8 infection. HHV‐8 seroprevalence was determined using a latent immunofluorescence assay. Relevant information was obtained by means of a questionnaire and medical charts review. Assessment of risk factors for KS development and HHV‐8 infection was performed using conditional and unconditional logistic regression models, respectively. A low CD4 count was the only significant risk factor for KS. HHV‐8 infection was most strongly linked to the number of life‐time sex partners, and multiple body fluids such as saliva and semen are quite likely involved in sexual transmission. Longitudinal follow up showed a significant protective role for highly‐active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) both on KS development and mortality of KS patients. Although more conclusive data from cohort studies are needed to better define specific transmission mechanisms for HHV‐8, our results contribute to explain why KS incidence is higher among MSM, and the decreasing KS incidence trend observed in countries with universal access to HAART. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pregnant female lizards Iberolacerta cyreni adjust refuge use to decrease thermal costs for their body condition and cell‐mediated immune response
Authors: Amo Luisa , López Pilar , Martín José 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLizards often respond to increased predation risk by increasing refuge use, but this strategy may entail a loss of thermoregulatory opportunities, which may lead to a loss of body condition. This may be especially important for pregnant oviparous female lizards, because they need to maintain optimal body temperatures as long as possible to maximize developmental embryos rate until laying. However, little is known about how increased time spent at low temperatures in refuges affects body condition and health state of pregnant female lizards. Furthermore, it is not clear how initial body condition affects refuge use. Female Iberian rock lizards forced to increase time spent at low temperatures showed lower body condition and tended to show lower cell‐mediated immune responses than control females. Therefore, the loss of thermoregulatory opportunities seems to be an important cost for pregnant females. Nevertheless, thereafter, when we simulated two repeated predatory attacks, females modified refuge use in relation to their body condition, with females with worse condition decreasing time hidden after attacks. In conclusion, female lizards seemed able to compensate increased predation risk with flexible antipredatory strategies, thus minimizing costs for body condition and health state. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:106–112, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.