bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usage of cause‐effect graphs for reliability analysis of an embedded IoT alarm software system
Authors: Cogo Ehlimana , Cogo Emir , Karabegović Almir , Omanović Samir , Bešić Ingmar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoftware is a part of most complex systems used for different purposes in today's world. The reliability of these systems must be verified before putting them to use, because their malfunction may lead to catastrophic failure, the loss of human lives, or huge costs. Software reliability can be verified by performing black‐box testing, without knowledge of the complex internal structure of these systems. In this work, an embedded IoT alarm system for detection of intruders and potential robbery is proposed. It is composed of three subsystems: embedded IoT, web‐server, and mobile phone subsystems. Cause‐effect graphing technique was applied for generating three types of black‐box test suites, by using the forward‐propagation and two different minimization algorithms. These test suites were used for black‐box testing the system, which was performed after injecting a maximum of 12 faults into the system in 100 iterations. The resulting software quality and reliability metrics showed that the forward‐propagation algorithm always achieves maximum fault detection rate (FDR), and this algorithm should be used when the highest demand for reliability must be met. The optimized minimization should only be used in cases where testing is very expensive, because it did not find faults in all testing iterations. The basic optimization retained high FDR, while reducing the impact of the minimized test suite and achieved a significant increase of test effect coverage values.
Exponential mean‐square string stability of vehicular platoon with stochastic disturbance and time delay
Authors: Sui Hao , Zhang Jiye , Dai Xinliang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlatooning is an effective way to reduce air resistance and fuel consumption in vehicular transportation. However, stochastically generated disturbances can significantly impact the string stability of platoons. This article proposes a novel control law, based on sliding mode control and leader‐predecessor communications, designed to improve the exponential mean‐square string stability of platoons with Ito‐type stochastic disturbances that consider friction force. Specifically, our approach employs a third‐order nonlinear dynamic model to capture the relevant spatiotemporal correlations present in vehicle platoons. The proposed longitudinal control strategy effectively stabilizes the platoons with time delay and was verified through simulation experimentation. In this study, the stability of sliding mode motion is thoroughly investigated by means of sub‐reachable and practical stability analysis with sliding mode control. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for further research on vehicle platoons with increasingly complicated interference and time delays. Overall, our results demonstrate that our approach can achieve significant improvements in both fuel economy and exhaust emissions while maintaining high levels of string stability, further contributing to the development of efficient and sustainable transportation systems.
Multifunctional Umbrella: In Situ Interface Film Forming on the High‐Voltage LiCoO2 Cathode by a Tiny Amount of Nanoporous Polymer Additives for High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qi Ruoxuan , Yang Ming , Zheng Tianle , Liu Xingchen , Xia Yonggao , Cheng Ya‐Jun , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode is foreseen for extensive commercial applications owing to its high specific capacity and stability. Therefore, there is considerable interest in further enhancing its specific capacity by increasing the charging voltage. However, single‐crystal LCO suffers from a significant capacity degradation when charged to 4.5 V due to the irreversible phase transition and unstable structure. Herein, an ultra‐small amount (0.5% wt. in the electrode) of multi‐functional PIM‐1 (a polymer with intrinsic microporosity) additive is utilized to prepare a kind of binder‐free electrode. PIM‐1 modulates the solvation structure of LiPF6 due to its unique structure, which helps to form a stable, robust, and inorganic‐rich cathod‐eelectrolyte interphase (CEI) film on the surface of LCO at a high voltage of 4.5 V. This reduces the irreversible phase transition of LCO, thereby enhancing the cyclic stability and improving the rate performance, providing new perspectives for the electrodes fabrication and improving LCO‐based high‐energy‐density cathodes.
Effect of Ni Sulfate Residue on Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) in Porous NiFe@NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Park Jong‐Hwan , Kwon Hyun Jun , Lee Da Young , Suh Su‐Jeong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of cost‐effective and high‐performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is a significant challenge. This study presents the synthesis of binder‐free NiFe@NiFe layered double hydroxide (NNF) via one‐pot electrodeposition on carbon paper and Ni foam at high current densities. The presence of Ni sulfate residues on the prepared NNF is also investigated. The findings indicate that Ni sulfate significantly improves OER performance and durability. The sulfate content can be controlled by varying the method and duration of washing. NNF prepared through dipping (NNF‐D) exhibits outstanding OER activity with a low overpotential of 241 mV, which is 25 mV lower than that of NNF washed for 60 s (NNF‐W‐60 s) at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. Furthermore, density functional theory analyses indicate that the Ni sulfate residue helps modify the electronic structure, thereby optimizing the binding strength of *OOH. This synthetic strategy is expected to inspire the development of next‐generation catalysts utilizing various adsorbates.
Band Structure Tuning via Pt Single Atom Induced Rapid Hydroxyl Radical Generation toward Efficient Photocatalytic Reforming of Lignocellulose into H2
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Su Zhiqi , Jiang Huiqian , Liu Jiaqi , Zheng Lingxia , Zheng Huajun , Wu Shiting , Shi Xiaowei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic lignocellulose reforming for H2 production presents a compelling solution to solve environmental and energy issues. However, achieving scalable conversion under benign conditions faces consistent challenges including insufficient active sites for H2 evolution reaction (HER) and inefficient lignocellulose oxidation directly by photogenerated holes. Herein, it is found that Pt single atom‐loaded CdS nanosheet (PtSA‐CdS) would be an active photocatalyst for lignocellulose‐to‐H2 conversion. Theoretical and experimental analyses confirm that the valence band of CdS shifts downward after depositing isolated Pt atoms, and the slope of valence band potential on pH for PtSA‐CdS is more positive than Nernstian equation. These characteristics allow PtSA‐CdS to generate large amounts of •OH radicals even at pH 14, while the capacity is lacking with CdS alone. The employment of •OH/OH− redox shuttle succeeds in relaying photoexcited holes from the surface of photocatalyst, and the •OH radicals can diffuse away to decompose lignocellulose efficiently. Simultaneously, surface Pt atoms, featured with a thermoneutral , would collect electrons to expedite HER. Consequently, PtSA‐CdS performs a H2 evolution rate of 10.14 µmol h−1 in 1 m KOH aqueous solution, showcasing a remarkable 37.1‐fold enhancement compared to CdS. This work provides a feasible approach to transform waste biomass into valuable sources.
Separation and characterization of hydrolytic degradation product of deucravacitinib by validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Golla Vijaya Madhyanapu , Khemchandani Rahul , Chaganti Sowmya , Samanthula Gananadhamu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeucravacitinib, SOTYKTU was approved recently in the year 2022 to treat psoriasis. The present work attempts to identify and characterize degradation products formed when the drug is exposed to hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic stress conditions as well as to study the kinetics of the drug's degradation under various stress conditions. A high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the separation of deucravacitinib and its degradation product comprising mobile phase of ammonium acetate (pH 4.75) buffer as solvent A and acetonitrile as solvent B and Phenomenex Gemini, C‐18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5µ) column as stationary phase. Injection volume, flow rate, and detection wavelength for the method were optimized as 10 µL, 1.0 mL/min, and 254 nm, respectively. Accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, and selectivity were found to be acceptable when validated in the concentration range between 5 and 150 µg/mL of deucravacitinib. The structure of the degradation product was characterized using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry which shows a protonated molecular ion peak at m/z 358.1805 in the electrospray ionization positive mode. In silico mutagenicity tests yielded positive results for deucravacitinib and its degradation product, triggering an alarm for mutagenicity for both structures, whereas in silico toxicity studies did not generate any structural alerts.
Review on Layered Manganese‐Based Metal Oxides Cathode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Batteries: From Preparation to Modification
Authors: Sun Kuo , Luo Shao‐Hua , Hao Guodong , Guo Song , Qian Lixiong , Yan Sheng‐xue , Wang Qing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPotassium‐ion battery is rich in resources and cheap in price, in the era of lithium‐ion battery commercialization, potassium‐ion battery is the most likely to replace it. Based on the classification and summary of electrode materials for potassium‐ion batteries, this paper focuses on the introduction of manganese‐based oxide KxMnO2. The layered KxMnO2 has a large layer spacing and can be embedded with large size potassium‐ions. This paper focuses on the preparation and doping of manganese‐based cathode materials for potassium‐ion batteries, summarizes the main challenges of KxMnO2‐based cathode materials in the current stage of research and further looks into its future development direction.
Coronary artery calcification detected by initial polytrauma CT in severely injured patients: retrospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Meyer Hans-Jonas , Dermendzhiev Tihomir , Hetz Michael , Osterhoff Georg , Kleber Christian , Denecke Timm , Henkelmann Jeanette , Metze Michael , Werdehausen Robert , Hempel Gunther , Struck Manuel F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Coronary artery calcifications detected by computed tomography (CT) provide prognostic relevance for vascular disorders and coronary heart disease, whereas their prognostic relevance in severely injured trauma patients remains unclear.

Material and Methods
All consecutive trauma patients requiring emergency tracheal intubation before initial CT at a level-1 trauma center and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) over a 12-year period (2008–2019) were reanalyzed. The Weston score, a semiquantitative method to quantify coronary calcifications, was evaluated as a prognostic variable based upon whole-body trauma CT analysis.

Results
Four hundred fifty-eight patients (74.6% male) with a median age of 49 years, median injury severity score of 26 points, 24-h mortality rate of 7.6%, and 30-day mortality rate of 22.1% met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Coronary artery calcification was present in 214 patients (46.7%). After adjustment for confounding factors, the Weston score was an independent predictor for 24-h mortality (hazard ratio, HR 1.19, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.06–1.32, p = .002) and 30-day mortality (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.17, p = .027). In a subanalysis of 357 survivors, the Weston score was significantly associated with ICU length of stay (LOS) (beta weight 0.89, 95% CI 0.3–1.47, p = .003) but not with mechanical ventilation duration (beta weight 0.05, 95% CI -0.2–0.63, p = .304).

Conclusion
CT-detected coronary calcification was a significant prognostic factor for 24-h- and 30-day-mortality in severely injured trauma patients requiring tracheal intubation, and influenced ICU LOS in survivors.
Maize green leaf area index dynamics: genetic basis of a new secondary trait for grain yield in optimal and drought conditions
Authors: Blancon Justin , Buet Clément , Dubreuil Pierre , Tixier Marie-Hélène , Baret Frédéric , Praud Sébastien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Key message
Green Leaf Area Index dynamics is a promising secondary trait for grain yield and drought tolerance. Multivariate GWAS is particularly well suited to identify the genetic determinants of the green leaf area index dynamics.

Abstract
Improvement of maize grain yield is impeded by important genotype-environment interactions, especially under drought conditions. The use of secondary traits, that are correlated with yield, more heritable and less prone to genotype-environment interactions, can increase breeding efficiency. Here, we studied the genetic basis of a new secondary trait: the green leaf area index (GLAI) dynamics over the maize life cycle. For this, we used an unmanned aerial vehicle to characterize the GLAI dynamics of a diverse panel in well-watered and water-deficient trials in two years. From the dynamics, we derived 24 traits (slopes, durations, areas under the curve), and showed that six of them were heritable traits representative of the panel diversity. To identify the genetic determinants of GLAI, we compared two genome-wide association approaches: a univariate (single-trait) method and a multivariate (multi-trait) method combining GLAI traits, grain yield, and precocity. The explicit modeling of correlation structure between secondary traits and grain yield in the multivariate mixed model led to 2.5 times more associations detected. A total of 475 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected. The genetic architecture of GLAI traits appears less complex than that of yield with stronger-effect QTLs that are more stable between environments. We also showed that a subset of GLAI QTLs explains nearly one fifth of yield variability across a larger environmental network of 11 water-deficient trials. GLAI dynamics is a promising grain yield secondary trait in optimal and drought conditions, and the detected QTLs could help to increase breeding efficiency through a marker-assisted approach.
Textilien und nachhaltige Entwicklungsziele
Authors: Lederer J. , Bartl A. 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungTextilien sind nicht nur eines der ersten von Menschenhand hergestellten Produkte, sie waren über die Jahrhunderte auch wichtiges Handels- und Tauschobjekt, Motor der Industrialisierung und Sinnbild eines neuen Wirtschaftssystems. Heute werden Textilien oft als reines Konsumgut gesehen, dessen Bereitstellung für viele Gesellschaften dieser Erde eine Selbstverständlichkeit darstellt. Allein aus dieser Selbstverständlichkeit ergibt sich ein direkter Zusammenhang mit den nachhaltigen Entwicklungszielen der Vereinten Nationen, von Alpha bis Omega, also der Produktion der Rohstoffe bis hin zur Abfallwirtschaft. In diesem Beitrag soll dieser Zusammenhang, auch aus sozial- und wirtschaftsgeschichtlicher Perspektive, kurz dargestellt werden. Im Anschluss soll auch auf die Möglichkeiten der Kreislaufwirtschaft von Textilien zur Erreichung der nachhaltigen Entwicklungsziele eingegangen werden.
Real-time safe validation of autonomous landing in populated areas: from virtual environments to Robot-In-The-Loop
Authors: Tovanche-Picon Hector , González-Trejo Javier , Flores-Abad Ángel , García-Terán Miguel Ángel , Mercado-Ravell Diego 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSafe autonomous landing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in populated areas is a crucial aspect for successful integration of UAVs in populated environments. Nonetheless, validating autonomous landing in real scenarios is a challenging task with a high risk of injuring people. In this work, we propose a framework for safe real-time and thorough evaluation of vision-based autonomous landing in populated scenarios, using photo-realistic virtual environments and physics-based simulation. The proposed evaluation pipeline includes the use of Unreal graphics engine coupled with AirSim for realistic drone simulation to evaluate landing strategies. Then, Software-/Hardware-In-The-Loop can be used to test beforehand the performance of the algorithms. The final validation stage consists in a Robot-In-The-Loop evaluation strategy where a real drone must perform autonomous landing maneuvers in real-time, with an avatar drone in a virtual environment mimicking its behavior, while the detection algorithms run in the virtual environment (virtual reality to the robot). This method determines the safe landing areas based on computer vision and convolutional neural networks to avoid colliding with people in static and dynamic scenarios. To test the robustness of the algorithms in adversary conditions, different urban-like environments were implemented, including moving agents and different weather conditions. We also propose different metrics to quantify the performance of the landing strategies, establishing a baseline for comparison with future works on this challenging task, and analyze them through several randomized iterations. The proposed approach allowed us to safely validate the autonomous landing strategies, providing an evaluation pipeline, and a benchmark for comparison. An extensive evaluation showed a 99% success rate in static scenarios and 87% in dynamic cases, demonstrating that the use of autonomous landing algorithms considerably prevents accidents involving humans, facilitating the integration of drones in human-populated spaces, which may help to unleash the full potential of drones in urban environments. Besides, this type of development helps to increase the safety of drone operations, which would advance drone flight regulations and allow their use in closer proximity to humans.
Controlling the water: citizens’ place–related adaptation to landslides in mid-Norway
Authors: Heidenreich Sara , Næss Robert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn light of an increasing frequency of climate change–related hazards such as landslides, climate adaptation is increasingly on the agenda of Norwegian municipalities. Nevertheless, municipalities face constraints in addressing these challenges, with smaller, remote municipalities being particularly susceptible. They often cover expansive geographical areas with high landslide risk, yet have limited financial resources, expertise, and personnel for climate adaptation. Consequently, the active involvement of citizens in adaptation plays an important role in these remote places. This paper investigates how citizens of three small remote communities deal with landslides, emphasizing the role of people–place relations in shaping adaptive practices. Grounded in assemblage theory, our analysis reveals that most citizens maintained a pragmatic relation to landslides, while only a few expressed concern. Regardless of the degree of concern, all citizens constructed landslides as integral element within their socio-material place assemblages, as part of their lives in the respective places. Furthermore, citizens developed various adaptive practices, including nature observation, reporting to authorities, and implementing practical preventive measures to control water that could trigger landslides. These practices are manifestations of socio-material assemblages that have evolved through citizens’ relations to their specific places. Importantly, irrespective of the level of concern regarding landslides, these practices were carried out as part of everyday life. Through these practices, enabled by experience-based, embodied, and often tacit local knowledge, citizens acted as community guardians. Thus, comprehensive people–place relations emerge as a pivotal factor for a community’s adaptative capacity in the face of climate change-induced hazards.
Insights into fruit tree models relevant to simulate fruit tree-based agroforestry systems
Authors: Barbault N. , Dupraz C. , Lauri P. E. , Gosme M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgroforestry, the integration of trees, crops, and animals, is expected to increase environmental sustainability of fruit production compared to traditional orchards. Virtual experiments with models would allow the performance and sustainability of these systems to be evaluated in a range of pedoclimatic and management scenarios, taking into account the interactions of fruit trees with crops. The models should represent tree and crop growth in 3D, run simulations over the whole life cycle of the orchard, and account for management practices that influence tree-crop interactions. We reviewed existing fruit tree and agroforestry models and have proposed a decision tree to guide future modellers in choosing a model that meets their simulation objectives. None of the reviewed models met all requirements, but we identified improvements that could be made to two existing models to accurately simulate temperate fruit tree based agroforestry systems.
New entrant farming policy as predatory inclusion: (Re)production of the farm through generational renewal policy programs in Scotland
Authors: Calo Adam , Corbett Rosalind 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNew entrant policy, literature, and research offers an important angle for exploring where dominant agrarianism is reproduced and contested. As new entrants seek access to land, finance, and expertise, their credibility is filtered through a cultural and policy environment that favors some farming models over others. Thus, seemingly apolitical policy tools geared at getting new people into farming may carry implicit norms of who these individuals should be, how they should farm, and what their values should entail. A normative gaze of farming often masks the financial, cultural, labor relation, and land tenure dimensions that are the underlying drivers of agrarian change. This paper applies social reproduction theory to explore a diversity of social labor processes that new entrant farmers practice to arrive at the point of agricultural production. Interviews with new entrant and successor farmers in Britain (excluding Northern Ireland) are presented first, followed by an analysis of new entrant policy instruments over the last two decades in Scotland. We find that new entrant policy fails to engage with a crisis of social reproduction in the food system because of a commitment to agrarian ideals of the self-sufficient and entrepreneurial farmer. By inviting newcomers into a dynamic of increasing precarious and uncompensated labor, very often by way of family relations, new entrant policy may act as a form of “predatory inclusion.” We argue that to be successful in reproducing the agricultural sector, new entrant farmer policy must be first a policy at attending to relations in the social sphere. Recognizing and supporting the diversified strategies farmers take on to assemble land for production would not only drive more just policy, but set the conditions for a more adaptive food system.