bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of congenital hydrocephalus in a foal using a ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Bentz Bradford G. , Moll H. David 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective:The objective of this report is to describe the presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, management, and complications of surgical shunt placement in a foal with congenital hydrocephalus.Case summary:A 3‐day‐old Quarter Horse colt was diagnosed with hydrocephalus on the basis of clinical signs and computed tomographic scan. A surgical shunt was placed from the right cerebral ventricle to the peritoneum. The foal demonstrated significant improvement in clinical signs until shunt complications occurred.New or unique information provided:To the authors' knowledge, the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt to manage equine hydrocephalus has not been described. This case report provides a foundation for understanding the techniques and possible complications of surgical shunt placement in hydrocephalic foals.
Rome's Final Conquest: The Barbarians
Authors: Goffart Walter 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe standard account of Rome's dealing with the barbarians in late antiquity describes dynamically expanding Germans and an Empire succumbing beneath their pressure. Offered here is an alternative scenario. Its starting point is that the barbarians and Rome, instead of being in constant conflict with each other, occupied a joined space, a single world in which both were entitled to share. What we call the barbarian invasions was primarily a drawing of foreigners into Roman service, a process sponsored, encouraged, and rewarded by Rome. Simultaneously, the Romans energetically upheld their supremacy. Many barbarian peoples were suppressed and vanished; the survivors were persuaded and learned to shoulder Roman tasks. Rome was never discredited or repudiated. The future endorsed and carried forward what the Empire stood for in religion, law, administration, literacy, and language.
Comorbidity of Migraine and Psychiatric Disorders—A National Population‐Based Study
Authors: Jette Nathalie , Patten Scott , Williams Jeanne , Becker Werner , Wiebe Samuel 
Published: March 2008

Background.— Migraine is common, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 7‐17%. Population‐based studies have reported an association between various psychiatric conditions and migraine. This is a population‐based study exploring the association between migraine and psychiatric disorders in a large cohort and assessing various health‐related outcomes.Objective.— (1) Determine the prevalence of various psychiatric conditions in association with migraine; (2) describe the patterns of association of these comorbidities with a variety of health‐related outcomes.Methods.— Data from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey were used. This is a national health survey which included administration of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview to a sample of 36,984 subjects. Health‐related outcomes included 2‐week disability, restriction of activities, quality‐of‐life, and mental health care utilization.Results.— The prevalence of physician‐diagnosed migraine (n = 36,984) was 15.2% for females and 6.1% for males. Migraine was most common in those between ages 25 and 44 years and in those of lower income. Migraine was associated with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and social phobia, all occurring more than twice as often in those with migraines compared with those without. Migraine was not associated with drug, alcohol, or substance dependence. The higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in migraineurs was not related to sociodemographic variables. Psychiatric disorders were less common in those over 65 years, in those who were in a relationship, and in those of higher income whether migraine was present or not. Health‐related outcomes were worst in those with both migraines and a psychiatric disorder and intermediate in those with either condition alone.Conclusion.— Migraine is associated with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and social phobia. Migraine in association with various mental health disorders results in poorer health‐related outcomes compared with migraine or a psychiatric condition alone. Understanding the psychiatric correlates of migraine is important in order to adequately manage this patient population and to guide public health policies regarding health services utilization and health‐care costs.
The Risk of Newly Diagnosed Asthma in Migraineurs With or Without Previous Triptan Prescriptions
Authors: Becker Claudia , Brobert Gunnar P. , Almqvist Per M. , Johansson Saga , Jick Susan S. , Meier Christoph R. 
Published: March 2008

Background.— Previous observational studies reported an increased prevalence of asthma in migraine patients. Whether triptans affect the asthma risk has not yet been explored in an epidemiological study.Objective.— To estimate the risk of newly diagnosed asthma in patients with a general practitioner‐diagnosed migraine in the UK between 1994 and 2001.Methods.— A population‐based follow‐up study and a nested case‐control analysis were conducted using the General Practice Research Database.Results.— The study encompassed 51,688 migraineurs and the same number of matched controls. In the follow‐up analysis, the relative risk of developing asthma in migraineurs compared with non‐migraineurs was 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1‐1.4). In the nested case‐control analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for asthma in migraineurs overall was 1.17 (95% CI 1.01‐1.35), and for those with a recent triptan prescription 1.12 (95% CI 0.65‐1.94).Conclusion.— The risk of developing asthma was not materially altered for patients with a general practitioner‐recorded migraine diagnosis, regardless of triptan use.
Nurse‐Based Education: An Office‐Based Comparative Model for Education of Migraine Patients
Authors: Cady Roger , Farmer Kathleen , Beach M.E. , Tarrasch Jeanne 
Published: March 2008

Background.— A person with migraine needs to be prepared to make therapeutic decisions on her own. For this reason, patients often need education to understand the nuisances of managing theirmigraines. In this study an educationalCD‐ROM/DVD that described the pathophysiology was utilized by nurses in an office‐based primary care setting for patient education. Outcomes from this encounter were measured.Objectives.— (1) Identify educational information that assisted migraine patients feel empowered to more effectively manage migraine; (2) encourage patients to intervene during the mild headache phase of the migraine; (3) measure education related changes in patient satisfaction and confidence regarding management of migraine; (4) measure changes in nurse satisfaction and confidence in educating migraine patients; (5) compare the effectiveness of 3 methods of delivery of nurse‐based migraine education.Methods.— One hundred and eighty migraineurs at 21 primary care practices were divided into 4 groups: group A watched the CD‐ROM/DVD in the office with a nurse available to answer questions; group B was given the CD‐ROM/DVD by a nurse knowledgeable of the content; group C received the educational CD‐ROM/DVD from a nurse without comment; group D received no educational material. The 10 nurses in groups A and B participated in a 45‐minute teleconference that reviewed the information on the CD‐ROM/DVD. Patients and nurses answered a pre‐ and post‐study migraine questionnaire. Patients filled in a treatment diary online within 24 hours of treating a migraine. Nurses completed a satisfaction questionnaire.Results.— Of the 17 educational points tested on the pre‐test, 75% of patients and nurses already knew about 1/3 of the information. There was significant improvement noted for both patients and nurses on the post‐test in groups A, B, and C but not in group D. The percentage of correct responses by patients and nurses was directly and statistically significantly correlated with the involvement of the nurse in the educational effort. As a result of the education, patients felt more confident in their ability to manage and treat migraine. Likewise, nurses gained increased confidence in teaching patients about migraine. Patients did not intervene with acute therapy during the mild headache phase. Overall, 94% of the nurses were very satisfied or satisfied with the format and information provided.Conclusions.— All but objective 2 were met for groups A, B, and C compared to control group D. Patients readily accepted nurse‐directed education and assimilated information that increased their confidence to manage migraine. This emphasizes the importance of training nurses about materials used to educate patients.
Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder in Episodic and Chronic Migraine
Authors: Peterlin B. Lee , Tietjen Gretchen , Meng Sarah , Lidicker Jeffrey , Bigal Marcelo 
Published: March 2008

Objective.—To assess and contrast the relative frequency of self‐reported post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with episodic migraine and chronic/ transformed migraine.Background.—Several risk factors have been identified as risk factors for chronification of headache disorders. Childhood abuse has been suggested as a risk factor for chronic pain in adulthood. In addition depression, as well as several other psychiatric disorders, are co‐morbid with migraine. Recent data suggest that PTSD may be more common in headache sufferers than in the general population.Methods.—This was a prospective, pilot study conducted at a headache center. Adult subjects with episodic, chronic, or transformed migraine were included. Demographic information, depression history, body mass index (BMI), and headache characteristics were obtained. PTSD was assessed using the life events checklist (LEC) and the PTSD checklist, civilian version (PCL‐C). We contrasted the data from episodicmigraineurs and chronic/transformed migraine participants (CM) and conducted multivariate analyses, adjusting for covariates.Results.—Of the 60 participants included, 91.7% were female with a mean age of 41.4 ± 12.5 years old. EM was diagnosed in 53.3% and CM in 46.7%. The mean BMI was not significantly different between groups. In contrast, the relative frequency of depression was significantly greater in subjects with CM (55.2%) than EM (21.9%,P = .016). There was no significant difference in the percentage of participants reporting at least 1 significant traumatic life event (LE) or in the mean number of traumatic LEs between EM and CM participants. However, the relative frequency of PTSD reported on the PCL in CM (42.9%) was significantly greater as compared to EM (9.4%,P = .0059. After adjusting for depression and other potential confounders, the difference remained significantP = .023).Conclusion.—PTSD is more common in CM than in episodic migraineurs. This suggests that PTSD may be a risk factor for headache chronification, pending longitudinal studies to test this hypothesis.
GROWTH AND MATING OF GONZUM PECTORALE (VOLVOCALES) IN DEFINED MEDIA1
Authors: Stein Janet R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Growth in defined media of 32 populations of Gonium pectorale was studied to learn more about the sexual isolation reported for this species. The 23 populations containing both mating types (+ & ‐) were also studied for the ability to form zygotes in defined media. A preliminary study showed that some populations grew and reproduced sexually in a defined mineral medium, whereas others appeared to require exogenous organic materials for growth and/or zygote formation. The diverse reactions exhibited by the populations indicate physiological races which may explain, in part, the occurrence of sexual isolation.
EXTRACTIVE AND ENZYMATIC ANALYSES FOR LIMITING OR SURPLUS PHOSPHORUS IN ALGAE
Authors: Fitzgerald George P. , Nelson Thomas C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY An extractive Procedure for detection of surplusstored phosphorus (luxury consumption) in algae and an enzymatic analysis for conditions of P‐limited growth in algae have been evaluated. A simple 60‐min boiling water extraction of algae known to contain surplus P separates essential P compounds and surplus‐stored P compounds. Surplus P compounds can be measured in the extract as orthophosphate. Extracts of algae limited in their growth by the amount of available P contain little or no orthophosphate. Limitation of algal growth by P supply induces the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. The activity of this enzyme can be measured at pH 9 using p‐nitro‐phenylphosphate as substrate. Algae which were P‐limited and contained no extractable orthophosphate have as much as 25 times more alkaline phosphatase activity than algae with surplus available P.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GROWTH RATE, CELLULAR MANGANESE CONCENTRATIONS AND MANGANESE TRANSPORT KINETICS IN ESTUARINE AND OCEANIC SPECIES OF THE DIATOM THALASSIODIRA1
Authors: Sunda William G. , Huntsman Susan A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTGrowth rate, cellular manganese concentration and mangfanese uptake kinetics were measured as functions of the free manganese ion concentration in the medium for two centric diatoms. Thalassiodira oceanica Hasle, isolated from a lou'‐managanese oceanic enviorment. was capable of better growth at low manganese ion concentrations that T. pseudonana hasle and Heimdal, islated from higt.manganese estuatine waters. This was dur to the oceanic species’ greater avility to accumulate manganese at low free ion concentrations and to grow well at lower cellular manganese concentions. Manganese up take in both species followed classical saturation kinestics, and Vmax but not K, Uaried with the managanese ion concentration in the growth medium. The Ks of managanese uptake for T. Oceanica (10‐795 M) was one‐seventh of that for T. Pseudonana. accouning for T. oceanica's greater ablility to accumulate managaese at low gree ion concentrations.Vmax appeared to be under negative feedback control in both species and six‐ to twelve‐fold variations in this parameter allowed cells to regulate cellular managanese at nearly constant valies at manganese ion concentrations in the vicinity of and somewhat below Kr The range in free manganese ion concenteations over which regukation occurred was diffrent for the two species, and coincided with the in free manganese ion concentrations of the natural habitat of each species.
LIFE HISTORY AND SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF AKKESIPHYCUS LUBRICUS (PHAEOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The life history in culture of Akkesiphycus lubricus Yamada et Tanaka, an alga which has been placed in the Coilodesmaceae or the Punclariaceae, Dictysiphonales, was studied. In culture the species alternates between a microscopic filamentous gametophyte and a macroscopic polystichous sporophyte, a pattern common to the Dictyasiphonales and Laminariales. However, it has a unique anisogamous dioecious gametophyte. Fusions between mac‐ro‐gametes and micro‐gametes were not observed, Macro‐gametes or zygotes germinated, mostly developing into sporophytes that formed unilocular sporangia and the rest developed into reduced gametophytic flaments again. The gametophyte matures in 50C short‐day conditions, corresponding to winter in Hokkaido. The sporophyte develops normally and matures only in low‐temperature conditions irrespective of daylength. In regard to iits systematic position, Akkesiphycus lubricus is considered to have a closer relationship with the Laminariales than with the Dietyosiphonales in the following characters; lack of pyrenoids; early stages of parenchyma formation in the sporophyte; direct development of sporophytes from gametes or zygotes without forming a besal system zoospore becomes almost empty after germination by the migration of cell contents into a germ lube; formation of macro‐gametangia by direct conversions of mother cells of mother cells of fertile branches; and micro‐gametangia formed in clusters showing closeresemblance to the antheridia of Pseudochorda nagii (Tokida) Inagaki.
EFFECTS OF DISTURBANCE ON EPIPHYTIC COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE1
Authors: Luttenton Mark R. , Rada Ronald G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Microdistributional patterns of attached algal communities on Cladophora and glass slides were compared under varying disturbance regimes in the Upper Mississippi River, using light and scanning electron microscopy. Localized physical disturbance, induced by boat traffic and wind‐generated wave action in the main channel, inhibited development of complex attached algal communities and maintained an adnate flora with two‐dimensional architecture. In contrast, communities protected from disturbance developed a more complex, three‐dimensional architecture. A high degree of architectural similarity was observed between communities on Cladophora and glass substrates exposed to similar levels of disturbance. Communities exposed to severe disturbance resembled ones in early stages of colonization and development, whereas less disturbed communities were similar to ones in advanced stages of development. These results demonstrated that turbulence strongly influences the community structure of periphyton on both micro and macro scale levels.
COMPARATIVE ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF TWO BINLJCLEATE DINOFLAGELLATES1
Authors: Whitten D. Jean , Hoyhome Barbara A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Although two clonal isolates of two different binucleate dinoflagellates Peridinium balticum (Levander) Letnmermann and Glcnodinium foliaceum Stein share a number of unique biochemical and ultrastructural attributes, comparative analysis for sixteen isozyme systems shows that these isolates are quite distinct from each other. Of the 129 different isozyme bands observed, only 28 were common to both organisms. These results support the contention based on plate tabulations that these two isolates should be placed in different genera and suggest that despite certain general biochemical and ultrastructural similarities that the isolates differ significantly at the biochemical and genetic levels and perhaps exhibit different adaptations between host and endosymbiont.
EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON GROWTH, RuBPCase ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ULVA SPECIES (CHLOROPHYTA)1
Authors: Duke CLifford S. , Lapointe Brain E. , Ramus J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of light on growth, RuBPCase activity, and chemical composition of Ulva curvata (Kütz.) De Toni and U.Lactuca L. were examined at a range of temperatures and N‐supply levels. Groeth of Ulva speices becomes more light‐dependent with increasing temperature and N. The effect of light on RuBPcase is N‐dependent, with a positive correlation under N‐sufficient and a negative correlation under N‐limited conditions. Light effects on pigment levels and ratios may be independent of effects on growth rate. These interactions uncouple growth rate from RuBPCase and pigments, and thus from tissue%N. The limits of variability of the growth‐%N relationship can be described by a parabola. Under relative light or temperature‐limitation, %N is negatively, growth increase with increasing %N. Tight coupling of seaweed wrowth and chemical composition may therefor be relatively rare in natural waters where growth can be simultaneously limited by light, temperature, and N.
LIFE HISTORY VARIATIONS IN A PREDOMINANTLY GAMETOPHYTIC POPULATION OV IRIDAEA CORDATA (GIGARTINACEAE, RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: May Georgiana 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT An Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory population made up of 83% gametophytes and 17% tetrasporophytes demonstrated little variation in these proportions over three years. These data contrast with an expectation that alternations of generations, as demonstrated by culture studies, should result in equal numbers of isomorphic generations. Analyses of reproductive and demographic attributes of the population were made to better understand the role of alternation of generations in this population. Growth and mortality rates in the summer could not account for the success of gametophytes. however, size class frequencies demonstrated that tetrasporophytes were smaller individuals. Sporelings recruited into this intertidal region and made up 20% of the spring population numbers. Even with this level of recruitment, gametophyte‐to‐tetrasporophyte ratios did not change. Perennating holdfasts regenerated 80% of the spring number and 90% of the total blade area. Consequently, perennation and differential survival of gametophyte spores or sporelings are proposed as mechanisms maintaining gatnetophyte dominance in this San Juan Island, Washington population.
31P‐NMR STUDIES ON INORGANIC POLYPHOSPHATES IN MICROALGAE1
Authors: Ok‐hama Tamiko , Siebelt Friederike , Furihata Kazuo , Seto Haruo , Miyachi Shigetoh , Ohmori Masayuki 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Using “P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, total inorganic polyphosphate in algae could be quantitatively estimated, For this purpose the algal suspension, which had been kept in cold trichloroacetic acid, was further treated with 6 mM EDTA, or the cells were kept in 2 N KOH containing 100 mM EDTA for 18 h at 37°C. These simple methods avoid hydrolysis of cellular inorganic polyphosphate and, therefore, are useful for the study of phosphorus metabolism in algae. The effects of these treatments on visualization of the signal for inorganic polyphosphate in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were discussed in comparison with in vivo, ‘P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of algae.
REJUVENATION OF MELOSIRA GRANULATA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) RESTING CELLS FROM THE ANOXIC SEDIMENTS OF DOUGLAS LAKE, MICHIGAN. I. LIGHT MIGROSCOPY AND 14C UPTAKE 1
Authors: Sicko‐Goad L. , Stoermer E. F. , Fahnenstiel G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTResting cells of Melosira granulate (Ehr.) Ralfs were collected from the anoxic sediments of Douglas Lake, Michigan. Sediment containing M. granulata was inoculated into distilled water and incubated in a growth chamber for one week during which observations were made on the cytological differentiation process. Cells classified as “condensed,” i.e. containing a dark brown cytoplasmic mass were identified as resting cells. The differentiation process consisted of a series of gradual cytological changes that included elongation of the cytoplasmic mass and recognition of definable organelles to the point where the cells were non‐distinguishable from water column vegetative cells. Differentiating cells accumulated large polyphosphate and lipid granules. However, these granules disappeared just prior to cell division. The complete differentiation or rejuvenation sequence occurred in some cells in less than 24 h. However, not all dormant cells rejuvenated at the same time and it was observed that the lag period for rejuvenation increased with resting cell age (depth of burial in sediments). In the 14C uptake studies, label was initially observed in condensed state cells. The label gradually progressed to the more differentiated forms. Total carbon uptake during the rejuvenation process was initially lower in the rejuvenating cells, but roughly equal to water column populations after 8 h, indicating a period of high metabolic activity in the rejuvenating cells between 1 and 8 h.