bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissection Techniques for Pupal and Larval Drosophila Eyes
Authors: Wolff Tanya 
Published: April 2007

INTRODUCTIONThe Drosophila eye has been used to study a broad range of topics, such as signal transduction, cell-fate specification, morphogenesis, and cell death. The eye has a relatively simple cellular architecture: the ommatidia (unit eyes of the compound eye) are composed of a small number of cells, and these cells can be readily identified on the basis of their shape and location within an ommatidium. Also, because the eye is a monolayer epithelium, all cells can be viewed in whole-mount preparations in both the larval imaginal disc and the pupal eye. Mosaic analysis is a powerful genetic tool that is routinely used in the eye to determine a given cell’s requirement for a gene of interest. Such analyses are possible because cell fates are determined on the basis of positional cues. Furthermore, pattern formation proceeds as a wave of morphogenesis sweeps across the eye disc. Thus, all early patterning events are laid out in a single imaginal disc preparation. A final attractive feature of the eye is that it is dispensable for viability and development, and therefore a number of tools have been developed for its manipulation.
Staining of Drosophila Tissues with Antibodies
Authors: Wolff Tanya 
Published: April 2007

INTRODUCTIONStaining Drosophila tissues with antibodies is generally straightforward. Ideal concentrations must be determined for each antibody: generally, dilute monoclonal supernatants 1:1 and ascites or sera 1:250 to 1:5000. If double-labeling, confirm that the secondary antibodies used will not recognize each other. Cross-reactivity can be avoided if secondary antibodies are raised in a single species. Fluorescent double-labeling generally does not work if both primaries are raised in the same species unless the primaries are directly conjugated to fluorochromes. If using primary antibodies raised in the same species, the use of HRP-conjugated antibodies is recommended. Double-labeling using DAB requires that the reaction product for one of the antibodies be intensified. This process is sensitive and should be used to detect the less abundant antigen. Similarly, if one of the primary antibodies gives a high background or is widely expressed throughout the tissue, this signal should not be enhanced. If one antigen is nuclear and the second is either cytoplasmic or on the cell surface, it is better to intensify the nuclear signal; the enhanced product can obscure details recognized by the cytoplasmic/cell surface antibody. If one antigen is less stable (e.g., extracted by detergent), this antigen should be detected first.
Quantitative Microinjection of Drosophila Embryos
Authors: Kiehart Daniel P. , Crawford Janice M. , Montague Ruth A. 
Published: April 2007

INTRODUCTIONThe quantitative microinjection of drugs, antibodies, toxins, and manipulated RNAs and proteins into Drosophila embryos--the “pharmacological approach”--provides a unique opportunity to analyze cellular functions in the developing embryo, and provides spatial and temporal resolution that is not readily available through genetic studies. These studies require that the observed effects reflect a dose-response relationship so that the data can be accurately interpreted. Quantitative microinjections can be readily achieved with the addition of a fluorescent tracer to the solution to be injected. Analysis of the resulting integrated fluorescent intensity following injection can then be used to determine the volume and hence the concentration of the solution injected. This protocol outlines the procedures for the microinjection and quantification of aqueous solutions during high-resolution observation of early development in the Drosophila embryo.
cAMP Assays
Authors: Karimova Gouzel , Ladant Daniel 
Published: April 2007

INTRODUCTIONThe cAMP assay provides a quantitative determination of the efficiency of the functional complementation between pairs of hybrid proteins. cAMP measurements are obtained using ELISA. Commercial radio-immunoassays, or ELISA kits, to assay cAMP can be purchased from various manufacturers. In our laboratory, we use the homemade, less-expensive ELISA described here. This assay is based on the ability of soluble cAMP in bacterial extracts to compete with binding of an alkaline phosphatase (AP)-conjugated anti-cAMP antibody to immobilized cAMP. The surface-bound, immobilized anti-cAMP-AP is inversely correlated to the concentration of cAMP in the extract. Known concentrations of soluble cAMP are used to calibrate the assay.
Quantitative Microinjection of Drosophila Embryos: General Strategy: Figure 1.
Authors: Kiehart Daniel P. , Crawford Janice M. , Montague Ruth A. 
Published: April 2007

INTRODUCTIONMicroinjection of Drosophila embryos is a common technique used by a wide range of investigators, but some applications require a refined strategy for handling embryos. This article outlines the general procedures for microinjection and quantification of aqueous solutions during high-resolution observation of early development in the fly embryo. It also describes the design of suitable support slides for the manipulation of Drosophila embryos under upright and inverted microscopes.
The problematic of strategy: a way of seeing is also a way of not seeing
Authors: Chaharbaghi Kazem 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to question the post‐rational observations and traditional constructions of strategy in terms of what they achieve and what they fail to achieve, and seeks to reconstruct strategy as a multi‐dimensional, dynamic concept.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, the study uses and interrelates the dualities between continuity principle and discontinuity principle, knowledge and imagination, opportunity exploitation and opportunity exploration, and conformist innovation and deviant innovation. The paper makes explicit, through the notion of performance paradox, the context for the framework that results from the mutual relation of these four dualities.FindingsThe paper finds that failure to understand these dualities and their interrelatedness will ensure that strategy will remain largely an illusive, unexplained and rhetorical concept. It demonstrates that the greatest benefit of understanding these dualities and their interrelatedness is that it can show how organisations should be by illuminating who they might be.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper identifies opportunities for innovation, research and reflection by establishing the need for balancing the seemingly conflicting opposites of these interrelated dualities and ways in which they can be located on their strengths.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that the understanding that emerges from the treatment of strategy as a multi‐dimensional, dynamic construct, allows organisations to align the corporate, business and functional dimensions more effectively in making progress and receiving more in terms of the results they want to achieve.Originality/valueThe paper introduces a radical shift in thinking, arguing for a move away from simplified, unbalanced, static constructions of strategy that focus on one‐dimensionality, asymmetry and post‐rationalisation.
Firm value creation and levels of strategy
Authors: Bowman Cliff , Ambrosini Véronique 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to address the following questions: “How is value created within a firm?” and “Is the distinction between competitive and corporate strategy helpful in considering the processes of value creation?”Design/methodology/approachThe paper distinguishes five value‐creating activities within the firm. Three are involved in the process of current value creation, one is directed at the maintenance of the firm and the other activity is concerned with the creation of future value. These processes of value creation are then explored from the perspective of corporate and business levels of strategy by considering whether these activities can be tightly or loosely coupled.FindingsThe paper argues that decisions regarding loosely or tightly coupled value‐creating activities should belong to the realm of corporate strategy and that this “corporatising” choice involves trade‐offs in terms of responsiveness and cost.Practical implicationsThe arguments in this paper can be used by managers to help them think through the consequences of any corporate level strategy decisions they may envisage taking.Originality/valueThis paper addresses traditional strategic management questions by building on a range of literatures, and proposes an original and meaningful way of examining the role of corporate and competitive strategy.
From strategic fit to customer fit
Authors: Santala Matti , Parvinen Petri 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the strategic fit discourse by proposing a customer‐based perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a conceptual framework based on a theory and literature review.FindingsThe paper proposes that, from a customer perspective, the firm and its activities are separate units of analysis that have a fit‐like relationship.Practical implicationsA fit‐like relationship, here coined “customer fit”, has the potential to explain determinants of performance differentials in marketing practice, guide the analysis and dissemination of customer knowledge in organisations and provide grounds for strategic marketing resource allocation.Originality/valueThe paper proposes that the concept of customer fit can be employed to analyze, formulate and coordinate the potential of a firm's value proposal.
More than friendship is required: an empirical test of cooperative firm strategies
Authors: Pesämaa Ossi , Franklin Hair Joseph 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine a proposed six‐construct theoretical model of factors influencing successful cooperative relationships and strategy development.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical model of strategy development and cooperative relationships was tested. Qualitative research among key experts identified 15 successful regional tourism networks. Two successful cooperative networks were selected based on annual revenues. A sample of 254 small and medium‐sized members were surveyed from the two networks in Northern Minnesota, USA.FindingsStrong support was obtained for the proposed model. Hypothesized relationships were tested and the findings were consistent with previous research. Long‐term orientation has a positive effect on friendship, loyalty, trust and commitment. Friendship is related to loyalty and commitment, and loyalty is related to trust. Ultimately, trust and commitment engender successful cooperation. The model can be used as a guide to strategy development at different levels in an organization.Research limitations/implicationsLarge firms select between higher and lower order functional strategies. Small and medium‐sized firms sometimes address commitment and cooperative strategies through shared goals and decisions in order pursue higher order strategies. This paper research supports a greater emphasis on establishing relationships using loyalty, trust and commitment to develop successful higher order strategies. However, relationships based on friendship also can be an important consideration in strategy development.Practical implicationsStrategic implications for developing relationships that can be used as a planning component of hierarchical strategies.Originality/valueThe paper maintains that loyalty is more important than friendship in developing successful strategies based on cooperation.
From a hierarchy to a heterarchy of strategies: adapting to a changing context
Authors: Chakravarthy Bala , Henderson James 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to question the continued usefulness of the hierarchy of strategies framework and to propose a new approach.Design/methodology/approachThe study reviews extant literature and theorizes a new approach.FindingsThe paper finds that the hierarchy of strategies was a useful framework when it was first proposed, but since then a changed business context has made this framework obsolete. What is needed instead is a framework around a heterarchy of strategies. The locus of decision making is no longer hierarchical and corporate, business and functional strategies are far more interdependent and interlinked than they have been in the past.Research limitations/implicationsResearch on a hierarchy of strategies has run its course. Future empirical and theoretical work should focus on a heterarchy of strategies.Practical implicationsThe paper provides a framework for managers whether from corporate, business divisions or functions to help with the continuous renewal of their firm.Originality/valuePrior empirical and theoretical strategy research has taken the hierarchy of strategy framework for granted. The original contribution of this paper is to propose an alternative framework around a heterarchy of strategies.
Instrumentation used in vehicle safety testing at Millbrook Proving Ground Ltd
Authors: Connolly Christine 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the specifications of sensors used in vehicle impact testing, especially in crash test dummies.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the facilities of a UK vehicle test facility, then explores the design of crash test dummies and the sensors within them. Data collection and analysis techniques are reported.FindingsThe sensors incorporated in a crash test dummy must have the correct mass distribution so as not to affect its inertial behaviour. Dummies are designed for repeated crash testing. New sensor developments are expanding the range of measurements possible, and smaller, lower‐power‐dissipation and higher‐data‐density memory devices are facilitating a move towards data logging within the dummy.Originality/valueThis paper provides an insight into the world of crash testing, of general interest to scientists and engineers, and especially those who drive.
UPV method for strength detection of high performance concrete
Authors: Khan Shibli R.M. , Noorzaei J. , Kadir M.R.A. , Waleed A.M.T. , Jaafar M.S. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to present a research finding that establishes a regression model between ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests and actual strength of high performance concrete (HPC).Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a total of 270 cube samples were made from six different mix proportions. The mixes were grouped in two series that consist of nominal maximum aggregate sizes of 10 mm (A10) and 19 mm (A19). Silica fume were used as mineral admixtures at 5 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent of cement in both series. UPV tests were conducted for each of the specimens, followed by destructive strength tests. The tests were carried out for concrete at different ages of between three to 56 days. The destructive test results were used as the true strength of the mixes and the UPV test results were used as strength estimation.FindingsConcrete strength correlations between UPV and destructive tests were analysed for each mix proportions and in each series. These correlations are presented in the form of regression equations that displays standard error of between ±2.4 to ±5.7 MPa regardless of mix for the concrete in series A10. Similarly, in series A19 concrete, standard errors of between ±3.2 to ±6.7 MPa were found. Strength prediction models using UPV for high performance concrete are proposed. The models have overall correlation coefficients above 0.80 for all the mixes.Originality/valueThere are no standard relationships that had been established for high performance concrete strength with UPV test methods. The proposed relationship can be used for concrete strength estimation that is normally required in building or structural assessment, especially with the present trend of constructing modern structures using high performance concrete.
Exploring the relationship between the sustainability of construction and market value
Authors: Lorenz David P. , Trück Stefan , Lützkendorf Thomas 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe basic purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the sustainability of construction on the one hand and market value, worth and property investment performance on the other hand. This paper aims to analyse price movements and price differences caused by different property characteristics.Design/methodology/approachBased on the estimated log‐linear hedonic regression model, a hedonic price index is calculated. Price movements subject to different property characteristics are examined by constructing various conditional hedonic price indexes.FindingsThe results reveal that, high‐quality flats or flats within preferred locations clearly outperform their competitors in terms of price stability during an overall market downturn. However, it is also shown that contemporary building descriptions or specifications of transactions within property databases are not yet sufficient and need to be widened to meet forthcoming challenges. Therefore, an “integrated building performance approach” is introduced and a proposal for the step‐wise improvement of building descriptions is made.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that efforts need to be undertaken by the property profession in combining and transferring financial performance data along with information that is indicative of a building's contribution to sustainable development.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into the relationship between the sustainability of construction and market value.
Dynamic response and radial wave propagation velocity in thick hollow cylinder made of functionally graded materials
Authors: Hosseini S.M. , Akhlaghi M. , Shakeri M. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to obtain the dynamic behavior of cylinders made of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The cylinder should be analyzed subjected to dynamic and shock loads.Design/methodology/approachThe functionally graded cylinder is assumed to be made of many subcylinders. The material properties within a subcylinder are assumed to vary linearly in the thickness direction. The material properties in subcylinders are chosen as linear functions. The properties are controlled by volume fraction that is an exponential function of radius. The shell is assumed to be in plane strain condition, and is subjected to axisymmetric dynamic loading. The Navier Equation is solved by Galerkin finite element and Newmark methods. By using the Fast Fourier Transform, the time response is transferred to frequency domain and natural frequencies are illustrated.FindingsThe dynamic behavior of functionally graded thick hollow cylinder is discussed. The radial wave propagation due to an internal pressure unloading is studied. The time history of radial stresses are discussed and the mean velocity of radial stress wave propagation for different exponent “n” of FGM are determined.Originality/valueThis paper presents the high strength technique to studying and analyzing the functionally graded thick hollow cylinders subjected to dynamic loads and the mean velocity of radial wave propagation is obtained using the proposed method.
Staff auditor reporting decisions under time deadline pressure
Authors: Robertson Jesse C. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe objective of this study is to examine the effects of superior preference and information source on staff auditor reporting decisions in the presence of time deadline pressure (TDP).Design/methodology/approachA total of 67 graduate and upper‐level undergraduate accounting students, serving as proxies for staff auditors, participated in a between‐subjects experiment.FindingsThe majority of participants reported information concerning a subjective materiality issue regardless of senior preference, information source, and TDP. The results suggest that staff auditors are motivated both by desires to avoid responsibility for decisions concerning subjective audit issues and by concerns about audit quality.Originality/valueThis study extends prior research that has examined senior and manager reactions to manager and partner preferences by investigating staff auditor reactions to senior preferences.
From the knowledge worker to the knowledge economy
Authors: Murray Arthur J. , Greenes Kent A. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify recent trends in how the global knowledge workforce is changing and, in particular, organizing, on a massive scale. Knowledge workers have become highly mobile, with a distinctly global orientation.Design/methodology/approachThese new trends are presented within the established four‐pillar framework for enterprise transformation. Particular emphasis is placed on the dissolution of traditional organizational boundaries (organization pillar), and creating, on a large scale, living, working and learning environments for attracting, retaining, and growing talent (learning pillar). Supporting infrastructure elements are also addressed (technology pillar).FindingsAttracting, retaining, and growing talent is no longer an issue that can be addressed solely from the viewpoint of a single organization. Knowledge workers are highly mobile, and are tending to be more loyal to their peer communities than to an employer. This requires that organizations look beyond their own boundaries, and work together to create living, working, and learning environments that offer a balanced and fulfilling lifestyle. One way to accomplish this on a large scale is the development of knowledge cities, in which the information and knowledge architecture is at least as important as, and possibly more important than, the physical architecture.Originality/valueIn a knowledge economy, the value of human capital far outweighs more traditional, tangible forms, such as plant and equipment. Creating an ideal environment for knowledge workers is a formidable challenge. Yet it is a necessary step in making the transition to the enterprise of the future. The key to success is the understanding that an attractive work environment alone is not sufficient to attract, retain and grow an increasingly global, and mobile, knowledge workforce. A total environment that integrates key elements of living, working, and learning is needed. The four pillars framework will continue to evolve as a tool for designing these environments, especially on a large scale.
Business information – a natural path to business intelligence: knowing what to capture
Authors: Green Annie 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a logical approach to identifying and modeling business intelligence from corporate information.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology or approach to identifying business intelligence is based on the cross‐pollination of eight business value drivers. Modeling business intelligence from the hybrid blends of value sources provides a view of business intelligence in more realist dimensions.FindingsModeling business intelligence from the hybrid blends of value sources provides a view of business intelligence in more realist dimensions.Originality/valueBusiness enterprises are challenged with identifying the primitive components that construct business intelligence within the business. The conceptual model presented in this paper decomposes to the primitive level of information or meta‐data needed to model business intelligence. The primitive level defines the business objects and provides a map to defining the actual business information to capture.