bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Questioning the Consensus: Managing Carrier Status Results Generated by Newborn Screening
Authors: Miller Fiona Alice , Robert Jason Scott , Hayeems Robin Z. 
Published: December 2008

An apparent consensus governs the management of carrier status information generated incidentally through newborn screening: results cannot be withheld from parents. This normative stance encodes the focus on autonomy and distaste for paternalism that characterize the principles of clinical bioethics. However, newborn screening is a classic public health intervention in which paternalism may trump autonomy and through which parents are—in effect—required to receive carrier information. In truth, the disposition of carrier results generates competing moral infringements: to withhold information or require its possession. Resolving this dilemma demands consideration of a distinctive body of public health ethics to highlight the moral imperatives associated with the exercise of collective authority in the pursuit of public health benefits.
Petrogenesis of the augen gneisses from Mahesh Khola section, Central Nepal
Authors: Regmi Kamal Raj 
Published: December 2008

In Mahesh Khola section, Central Nepal the augen gneisses are exposed within the rocks of the Kulikhani Formation of the Bhimphedi Group, Kathmandu Complex. Major and trace element were analysed in this study. The gneisses show peraluminous Stype nature with high mol. A/CNK ratios. Mantle normalised trace element patterns have similar character with the Early Paleozoic S-type granite of the Lachlan Fold Belt of Australia and the Paleozoic granites of the Tso-Morari Crystalline Complex, Lakadh, India. Hence most probably the protoliths of these gneisses are the porphyritic S-type granite that intruded in the rocks of the Bhimphedi Group during Caledonian Orogeny. However the granite is sheared, deformed and metamorphosed. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v11i0.1429 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 11, 2008, pp. 13-22
Petrology of Rapti River sand, Hetauda-Chitwan Dun Basin, Central Nepal; an example of recycled provenance
Authors: Tamrakar Naresh Kazi , Maharjan Surendra , Shrestha Madhusudan Bhakta 
Published: December 2008

The Rapti River in the Central Nepal drains fold-thrust belts of the Lesser and the Sub-Himalayas as demarcated by four major thrusts, and is located in humid sub-tropical climatic zone. Within the Sub-Himalaya (Siwalik Group), a wide Dun Valley gives way the long low-gradient Rapti River in the northeast region, therefore, forming a characteristic piggy-back basin within the foldthrust belts. Sands from the Rapti River were obtained and analysed to characterise composition and texture, to verify its provenance, and to compare with modern and ancient sands/sandstones from different basins having similar tectonic setting. The Rapti River sand is quarto-lithic in composition. It plots on recycled orogeny provenance field in the QFL and QmFLt triangle diagrams showing no major difference in provenance with other sands/ sandstones from different climates. However, the Rapti River sand is remarkably poorer in feldspar but richer in lithic fragments and quartz compared to the other sands/sandstones. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v11i0.1539 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 11, 2008, pp. 23-30
Feasibility of recharging aquifer through rainwater in Patan, Central Nepal
Authors: Joshi Hiterndra Raj , Shrestha Suresh Das 
Published: December 2008

Water is a basic need of lives. Like other aggressively growing town of developing Asian countries, Patan in Lalitpur district of Nepal is also facing water scarcity problem. Since so many people of Patan depend upon groundwater, extraction rate of groundwater in this area is perhaps higher compared to recharge and hence, water table is declining. Urbanization is focused in the central part of Patan on the gravel deposit (Chapagaon Formation) which is the main recharge zone of groundwater, therefore recharge of groundwater could not take place naturally. Encroachment of ponds which were helping to groundwater recharge is also a reason for declining the water table. This study deals with infiltration rates recorded from six different localities of Patan using a single ring percolimeter. The results show that the infiltration rates are higher (10.5 x 10-5 m/s) at core areas of Patan (Guita aquifer, Khwayebahi aquifer and Emu Dva aquifer) compared to the peripheral areas (1.5 x 10-5 m/s) such as Naricha and Nayekyo aquifers. The infiltration rate increases remarkably during dry winter and pre-monsoon periods at the core area of Patan. Infiltration rate decreases during summer and early winter periods. The infiltration rates correlate well with subsurface lithology, i.e., the rates are higher at gravel and lower at clayey sediment (Kalimati Clay). The Patan area is underlain by gravel and sand of the Chapagaon Formation which inturn is underlain by thick clay of the Kalimati Formation. The zone above the clay is the shallow aquifer zone and the zone below the clays is the deep aquifer zone. There are 39 ponds and more than 218 shallow dug wells which may be utilised for recharging shallow aquifers through rainwaters. Most of the ponds and shallow dug wells which lie on the Chapagaon Formation are suitable for recharge purpose due to good infiltration rate in the formation. Historical stone spouts can also be utilized as a recharge medium. Adequate rainfall, good infiltration rate, and distribution of many recharge media allow aquifer recharge in Patan through rainwater. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v11i0.1541 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 11, 2008, pp. 41-50
Stratigraphy and depositional environments of basin-fill sediments in southern Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal
Authors: Paudel Mukunda Raj , Sakai Harutaka 
Published: December 2008

Quatenary fluvio-lacustrine basin-fill sediments in the southern part of the Kathmandu Basin was studied in order to clearify the stratigraphy and reconstruct the sedimentary environment during the initial stage of the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake. Six stratigraphic units; Tarebhir, Lukundol, Itaiti, Kalimati, Sunakothi Formations and Terrace gravel deposits, have been described based on field observation of lithology and sediment distribution. The Tarebhir Formation is the basal unit which is overlained by alluvial fan of the Itaiti Formation in the southern part and by the marginal lacustrine deposit of the Lukundol Formation towards the northern part. Further 3 km toward the north from the basin margin at Jorkhu the the Lukundol Formation is overlain by the open lacustrine facies of the Kalimati Formation. At the same locality the latter is overlain by fluvio-lacustrine facies of the Sunakothi Formation. Moreover, the Terrace gravel deposits erosionally cover the Sunakothi Formation. The Kalimati Formation thickens northward, while the Sunakothi Formation thickens between the central and southern part of the basin. The study shows that the Sunakothi Formation is of fluvio-lacustrine (fluvial, deltaic and shallow lacustrine) origin and extends continuously from the southern margin (~1400m amsl) to the central part (~1300m amsl) of the basin. It also indicates that sediments of this formation were deposited at the time of lake level rise and fall. Thick gravel sequence in the southern margin represents the alluvial fan before the origin (before 1 Ma) of the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake, while thick gravel sequence situated above the Sunakothi Formation is the Terrace gravel deposits of the late Pleistocene age (14C method), deposited during and after the shrinkage of the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake from south to north. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v11i0.1544 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 11, 2008, pp. 61-70
Association between factor XIII single nucleotide polymorphisms and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Ladenvall Claes , Csajbok Ludvig , Nylén Karin , Jood Katarina , Nellgård Bengt , Jern Christina 
Published: December 2008

Object
Family studies have suggested a role of genetic factors in susceptibility to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but the underlying genetic risk factors remain poorly defined. There is an activation of the fibrinolytic system in aSAH, and fibrinolytic markers may be useful in predicting outcome. The authors investigate associations between putative functional variants in genes of importance for fibrinolysis and aSAH and/or outcome following aSAH.

Methods
One hundred eighty-three patients presenting with aSAH at a neurointensive care unit were consecutively recruited. Two healthy controls per case, matched for age, sex, and geographic region, were randomly recruited. Outcome was assessed after 1 year according to the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), and factor XIII (FXIII) genes were investigated.

Results
Participants carrying the FXIII 34Leu allele showed an increased risk of aSAH. When adjusting for smoking and hypertension, 2 haplotypes, differing on either the FXIII Val34Leu or the Pro564Leu position, showed an association to aSAH. No significant association was observed for the tPA -7351 C > T, PAI-1 -675 4G > 5G, or TAFI Ala147Thr SNPs. No specific SNP or haplotype was associated with outcome after aSAH, whereas a weak association was observed for a tPA/PAI-1 genotype combination.

Conclusions
Polymorphisms in the FXIII gene showed association to aSAH. The finding of an increased risk of bleeding in FXIII 34Leu carriers is biologically plausible.
The Mid-Range of the Adjusted Level of Ferritin Can Predict the Chronic Course in Patients with Adult Onset Still’s Disease
Authors: LEE SANG-WON , PARK YONG-BEOM , SONG JUNG-SOO , LEE SOO-KON 
Published: December 2008

Objective.To find a measure that can predict the disease course in patients with adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD).Methods.We retrospectively investigated the medical records of 71 hospitalized patients with AOSD. Patients were divided according to chronic and nonchronic disease course. The initial laboratory results were defined as those at the time of admission, the extremely deviated laboratory results as the highest or the lowest results, and the adjusted laboratory results as area under the curve divided by the days of hospitalization. All measures were compared and the odds ratio (OR) for the chronic disease pattern was assessed.Results.The mean age was 39.7 ± 13.5 years and women accounted for 63 of the total 71 (88.7%). Thirty patients (42.3%) had self-limited disease, 9 (12.7%) intermittent disease, and 23 (32.4%) the chronic disease pattern (32.4%). Nine patients (12.7%) died. The initial levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ferritin, the highest levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ferritin, and the adjusted level of ferritin in patients with chronic disease were significantly higher than those with nonchronic disease. Among them, only the middle range of the adjusted ferritin level (784.1~4120.0 ng/ml) was found to have a significant predictive value for the chronic disease pattern (OR 81.7, p = 0.007).Conclusion.A novel measure, the adjusted level of ferritin during the first hospitalization, might be useful to predict progression to chronic disease in patients with AOSD.
One pot synthesis of xanthan gum‐g‐N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and study of their metal ion sorption behavior and water swelling property
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Mishra Dinesh Kumar , Tripathy Jasaswini , Behari Kunj 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this article, graft copolymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone onto xanthan gum initiated by potassium peroxydiphosphate/Ag+ system in an aqueous medium has been studied under oxygen free nitrogen atmosphere. Grafting ratio, grafting efficiency, and add on increase on increasing the concentration of potassium peroxydiphosphate (2.0 × 10−3 to 12 × 10−3 mol dm−3), Ag+(0.4 × 10−3 to 2.8 × 10−3 mol dm−3), and hydrogen ion concentration from 2 × 10−3 to 14.0 × 10−3 mol dm−3. Maximum grafting has been obtained when xanthan gum and monomer concentration were 0.4 g dm−3 and 16 × 10−2 mol dm−3, respectively, at 35°C and 120 min. Water swelling capacity, swelling ratio, metal ion uptake, and metal retention capacity have also been studied, and it has been found that graft copolymer shows enhancement in these properties than pure xanthan gum. The graft copolymer has been characterized by FTIR and thermal analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Stability of Colicin Plasmids in Continuous Culture: Mathematical Model and Analysis
Authors: Lauffenburger Douglas A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBacteriocin plasmids may be useful in preventing plasmid instability because the bacteriocin they produce selectively kills otherwise identical bacterial cells lacking the plasmid. This capability may allow plasmid‐bearing cells to persist despite the problems of growth rate depression and segregational plasmid loss which often lead to displacement by plasmid‐free cells.In order to determine the conditions under which bacteriocin plasmids can prevent instability, we develop and analyze a mathematical model for the growth of colicin plasmid‐bearing E. coli in continuous culture. Model behavior compares successfully with experimental results of Adams et al. (1979) [1]. Dependence of the system dynamic behavior on key parameters is elucidated and a simple parameter criterion for prevention of plasmid instability is derived. The possibility of instability prevention is found to be extremely sensitive to dilution rate.
Segregation in Food Powders
Authors: Barbosa‐Canovas G. , Malave‐Lopez J. , Peleg M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSegregation tendency in food powder mixtures can be monitored by simple vibration or flow tests. It is shown that segregation can occur not only in free flowing powders but also in cohesive powders. The intensity of the phenomenon depends not only on the composition, size and mechanical history of the powder but also on whether the mixture is “ordered“ or not.
A Correlation for Heat Transfer Coefficients in Food Extruders
Authors: Levine Leon , Rockwood Jeffrey 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA dimensionless correlation of heat transfer coefficient for heat flow between the extruder barrel wall and extrudate is presented. The standard error of estimate of the correlation is 12.4%. The correlation is useful for the design and scale‐up of food extruders and the design of associated temperature control systems.
Microbial Solubilization of Coal
Authors: Scott Charles D. , Strandberg Gerald W. , Lewis Susan N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSeveral different strains of fungi have been shown to solubilize some types of low‐ranked coal, apparently by an extracellular process. Oxidative pretreatment enhances the microbial action, allowing the use of a variety of coal feedstocks. The resulting product, which is primarily a mixture of polar organic compounds with moderate to high molecular weights and a high degree of aromaticity, is water‐soluble. Possible processing concepts include the use of continuous bioreactors configured as either fixed or fluidized beds.
On the Optimization of Process Chromatography of Proteins
Authors: Janson Jan‐Christer , Hedman Per 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn process scale chromatography, the efficacy of the separation is dependent on column packing characteristics such as selectivity, efficiency, dynamic capacity and flow resistance, as well as on the column design and the optimization of the running conditions. In general, it is more profitable to increase the selectivity of the process rather than the efficiency.
Large Scale Purification of Heparinase
Authors: Yang Victor C. , Bernstein Howard , Langer Robert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIsoelectric points of the glycosaminoglycan‐degrading enzymes in Flavobacterium heparinum were determined by a recently developed method, the pH‐dependent binding analysis. Based upon these data, we developed a facile method that was conducive to producing gram quantities of heparinase that was nearly free from the other enzymes. The method includes a combination of batch procedures of hydroxylapatite and QAE‐Sephadex chromatography. The resulting heparinase preparation contains less than 1% of each of the above enzymes, except for heparitinase, which is present at a maximum level of about 3%. It also shows identical kinetic properties to those of a completely purified heparinase. The strategy described in this paper may be useful in developing other large‐scale protein purification methods.
Mathematical Modelling and Response Characteristics of Runaway Replication For Temperature Shift‐up
Authors: Mizutani Satoru , Iijima Shinji , Shimizu Kazuyuki , Matsubara Masakazu , Soda Kenji , Kobayashi Takeshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractResponses of runaway replication to various rates of temperature change were studied both experimentally and theoretically. When the temperature shift was completed within 30 minutes, maximum plasmid replication rate and production of gene products were observed as in the stepwise temperature change. Runaway replication could be induced fairly well, as long as the temperature‐shift was completed within 2 hours. A kinetic model of the runaway replication was proposed and it expressed the characteristics of a recombinant containing a plasmid very well. These results indicate that a runaway‐replication plasmid can be applied to industrial production of gene products.
Metabolic Pathway Rates and Culture Fluorescence in Batch Fermentations of Clostridium Acetobutylicum
Authors: Reardon Kenneth F. , Scheper Thomas‐Helmut , Bailey James E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStoichiometric relationships in the metabolic pathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum are used to formulate a framework for the analysis of pathway rates. This analytical tool, alone and in conjunction with intracellular NAD(P)H fluorescence measurements, is applied to two batch fermentations, one acidogenic and one solventogenic, to provide information on intracellular activities not readily obtainable by other methods.
Affinity Chromatography for Cell Separation: Mathematical Model and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Hammer Daniel A. , Linderman Jennifer J. , Graves David J. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA model for cell affinity chromatography, a separation technique that exploits the differential adhesion of cells to ligand‐coated surfaces, is presented. This adhesion is mediated by specific, noncovalent binding between cell surface macromolecules and ligand. Our model predicts how bound cell levels and selectivity depend on rates of deposition and reen trainment, as well as on the degree of adhesive interactions between the cell and surface, which is characterized by an adhesion efficiency, P. Both transport rates and adhesion efficiencies critically affect the degree of cell retention and separation. Two modes of column operation are considered: cell enrichment, in which we wish to retain a large pure fraction of cells in the column, and cell depletion, in which we wish to remove a large fraction of a particular subpopulation from a cell mixture. Our analysis indicates that each method should work satisfactorily only under restricted parameter conditions, and the requirements are different in the two modes.We also use our model to analyze several sets of experiments. The results of this analysis indicate how adhesion efficiencies vary as a function of flow rate and temperature.This work provides the first quantitative engineering studies of proper operating conditions for successful cell separation using affinity chromatographic methods.
Alginate‐Polylysine Microcapsules of Controlled Membrane Molecular Weight Cutoff for Mammalian Cell Culture Engineering
Authors: King G. A. , Daugulis A. J. , Faulkner P. , Goosen M. F. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe search for more productive mammalian cell culture techniques has been primarily driven by the need to increase both the cell density and product concentration. In the technique used in our laboratory, microencapsulation, hybridoma cells were grown and monoclonal antibody was entrapped within microcapsules, which had a controlled membrane molecular weight cutoff. In our studies it was shown that using the alginate‐poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) microcapsule system and protein diffusion experiments, the capsule membrane molecular weight cutoff could be controlled from 20 × 103 to 300 × 103. This was achieved by increasing the viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of the LL, used in the encapsulation procedure, from 14 × 103 to 525 × 103 and by decreasing the alginate — PLL reaction time from 40 minutes to 6 minutes. Cell culture studies with microencapsulated mouse hybridoma cells indicated that while the conventional (single‐membrane) microcapsules produced a maximum intracapsular cell density of about 2 × 107 cells/mL and a monoclonal antibody concentration of 1250 μg/mL, a modified (multiple‐membrane) capsule resulted in intracapsular cell densities of about 6 × 107 cells/mL and monoclonal antibody concentrations of 5300 μg/mL. These significant improvements in cell density and monoclonal antibody concentration were attributed to a lower (22%) intracapsular alginate content as well as better retention of the cell product by the modified capsule membrane.
Protein Coated Adsorbents for use in Potential Barrier Chromatography: Fouling Chromatography
Authors: Lesins V. , Ruckenstein E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFouling is employed as a method of obtaining adsorbents suitable for use in Potential Barrier Chromatography. A relatively inexpensive hydrophobic adsorbent, which is initially unsuitable for protein separations, is intentionally fouled with protein. The packing slowly evolves from an adsorbent which binds proteins strongly, due to strong hydrophobic interactions, to a protein coated adsorbent in which weaker hydrophobic interactions are opposed by enhanced double layer repulsion. As a result, an adsorbent which is suitable for protein separations evolves. Details regarding the fouling process, the chromatographic separation of two model proteins and the physical forces involved are outlined.
Attachment of Sulfolobus Acidocaldarius Cells on Coal Particles
Authors: Chen Chi‐Yu , Skidmore Duane R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAttachment of the thermophilic microorganism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was studied on Kentucky #9 coal, an Ohio coal mixture, Ohio #6, a European coal designated as Sulzer coal, activated carbon and iron pyrite to define the effects of initial cell density, prior acid leaching, pyrite content, and surface area on rate and extent of preleaching attachment. The results showed that the rate of preleaching attachment was so high that equilibrium was reached in less than 5 min in most cases. Attached cells increased in number with increasing initial cell density. Prior nitric acid leaching of coal reduced the extent of cell adsorption while hydrochloric acid leaching did not affect cell attachment. Some adsorption isotherms fit the Langmuir model. The specific adsorption (cells/cm3 coal) increased with increasing surface areas measured by nitrogen adsorption. Pyrite gave the highest extent of cell attachment based on per unit surface area comparison. Adsorption isotherms of a pyrite‐selective chemical adsorbate revealed that preleaching attachment of cells was affected further by altered surface properties of the coals and that the concept of selective attachment of cells on pyrite surfaces was also supported.