bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV‐associated multicentric Castleman's disease
Authors: Stebbing Justin , Pantanowitz Liron , Dayyani Farshid , Sullivan Ryan J. , Bower Mark , Dezube Bruce J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMulticentric Castleman's disease (MCD), a relatively rare lymphoproliferative disorder that presents with heterogenous symptoms including fevers, anemia, and multifocal lymphadenopathy, is today most commonly observed in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV). In such individuals, a lymph node biopsy typically identifies cells that stain for Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus proteins, and most HIV‐associated MCD features can be attributed to the presence of this γ‐herpesvirus. Surgery and antiviral therapies including highly active antiretroviral therapy, interferon‐α, foscarnet, ganciclovir, and antibodies to interleukin‐6 have proved largely ineffective, and chemotherapy in HIV positive individuals is complicated by limited efficacy and pronounced toxicity. While no randomized trials have been performed, more recently the use of the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in large single center cohorts has been associated with prolonged remissions, radiologic responses, as well as hematologic and serum chemistry normalization of the inflammatory picture observed, at the expense of B cell depletion and flare of Kaposi's sarcoma. MCD represents a model of disease at the interplay between tumor biology, infection, and immunology. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical studies in familial VCP myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Kimonis Virginia. E. , Mehta Sarju G. , Fulchiero Erin C. , Thomasova Dana , Pasquali Marzia , Boycott Kym , Neilan Edward G. , Kartashov Alex , Forman Mark S. , Tucker Stuart , Kimonis Katerina , Mumm Steven , Whyte Michael P. , Smith Charles D. , Watts Giles D. J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInclusion body myopathy with Paget disease of the bone (PDB) and/or frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD, OMIM 167320), is a progressive autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the Valousin‐containing protein (VCP, p97 or CDC48) gene. IBMPFD can be difficult to diagnose. We assembled data on a large set of families to illustrate the number and type of misdiagnoses that occurred. Clinical analysis of 49 affected individuals in nine families indicated that 42 (87%) of individuals had muscle disease. The majority were erroneously diagnosed with limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), facioscapular muscular dystrophy, peroneal muscular dystrophy, late adult onset distal myopathy, spinal muscular atrophy, scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) among others. Muscle biopsies showed rimmed vacuoles characteristic of an inclusion body myopathy in 7 of 18 patients (39%), however, inclusion body myopathy was correctly diagnosed among individuals in only families 5 and 15. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was diagnosed in 13 individuals (27%) at a mean age of 57 years (range 48.9–60.2 years); however, several individuals had been diagnosed with Alzheimer disease. Histopathological examination of brains of three affected individuals revealed a pattern of ubiquitin positive neuronal intranuclear inclusions and dystrophic neurites. These families expand the clinical phenotype in IBMPFD, a complex disorder caused by mutations in VCP. The presence of PDB in 28 (57%) individuals suggests that measuring serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity may be a useful screen for IBMPFD in patients with myopathy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microduplication 22q11.2: A benign polymorphism or a syndrome with a very large clinical variability and reduced penetrance?—Report of two families
Authors: Courtens Winnie , Schramme Inge , Laridon Annick 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe report on two unrelated families where the probands presented with learning difficulties and a microduplication 22q11.2. In the first family the proband was a 7‐year‐old boy who was referred because of psychomotor retardation, behavioral problems, large weight and height, and mild dysmorphism. His father and one brother also had mental retardation and behavioral anomalies, and presented the same microduplication. In the second family only the proband had mild learning difficulties, but the same microduplication 22q11.2 was discovered in her sister, her asymptomatic mother and grandfather. No distinctly recognizable phenotype has been observed in the individuals from our two families diagnosed with microduplication 22q11.2. The marked clinical variability both inter‐ and intrafamilial, including the presence of a complete normal phenotype and the presence of high intellectual possibilities in two individuals with this microdupllication 22q11.2 is remarkable. So far, 63 patients, corresponding to 35 families, with microduplication 22q11.2 have been described. The fact that microduplication 22q11.2 can be seen in individuals with a normal/near normal phenotype has been previously reported as well. We postulate that the clinical findings described so far could be due to ascertainment bias, since the most common reason for performing FISH 22 analyses is to exclude microdeletion. Future reports are needed to answer the question whether microduplication could be a non‐pathogenic polymorphism or whether it is a real syndrome with a very large clinical variability and reduced penetrance. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
E‐government access to social service information: State web resources for domestic violence survivors
Authors: Davenport Dee Dee , Richey Jennifer , Westbrook Lynn 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study provides the first nationwide analysis of states' e‐government support for domestic violence (DV) survivors, identifying characteristics and patterns of domestic violence content and access to this content on all state government Web sites (50 states plus the District of Columbia). Using a systematic examination of click paths and site search results, DV content was located, examined, and codified in terms of information type (e.g., shelter access), accessibility (e.g., language), and type of authoring agency (e.g., law enforcement). General DV resources such as hotline/referral services were more prevalent than content related to specific needs such as child custody. States provide substantially more information on immediate emergency needs, which are actually met at the local level, than on intermediate or long‐term support. Accessibility was hampered by both cognitive concerns (e.g., English‐only sites) and affective concerns (e.g., a tone which focused on data transmission rather than on information use). Legal/law enforcement agencies rather than social service or medical agencies consistently provided the most information as well as the largest numbers of connections to other sites, both within and beyond the state government site.
Expression of glucagon receptors in tetracycline‐inducible HEK293S GnT1− stable cell lines: An approach toward purification of receptor protein for structural studies
Authors: Unson Cecilia G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGlucagon is a 29‐amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by pancreatic A cells. Together with insulin, it is an important regulator of glucose metabolism. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced insulin secretion from pancreatic B cells and increased glucose output by the liver which has been attributed to abnormally elevated levels of glucagon. The glucagon receptor (GR) is a member of family B G protein‐coupled receptors, ligands for which are peptides composed of 30–40 amino acids. The impetus for studying how glucagon interacts with its membrane receptor is to gain insight into the mechanism of glucagon action in normal physiology as well as in diabetes mellitus. The principal approach toward this goal is to design and synthesize antagonists of glucagon that will bind with high affinity to the GR but will not activate it. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the GR has provided some insight into the interactions between glucagon and GR. The rational design of potent antagonists has been hampered by the lack of structural information on receptor‐bound glucagon. To obtain adequate amounts of receptor protein for structural studies, a tetracycline‐inducible HEK293S GnT1− cell line that stably expresses human GR at high‐levels was developed. The recombinant receptor protein was characterized, solubilized, and isolated by one‐step affinity chromatography. This report describes a feasible approach for the preparation of human GR and other family B GPCRs in the quantities required for structural studies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 287–296, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
A role for microwave processing in the dry preservation of mammalian cells
Authors: Chakraborty Nilay , Biswas Debasree , Parker Wesley , Moyer Pat , Elliott Gloria D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDry preservation involves removing water from samples so that degradative biochemical processes are slowed and extended storage is possible. Recently this approach has been explored as a method for preserving living mammalian cells. The current work explores the use of microwave processing to enhance evaporation rates and to improve drying uniformity, thereby overcoming some of the challenges in this field. Mouse macrophage cells (J774) were pre‐incubated in full complement media containing 50 mM trehalose, for 18‐h, to allow for endocytosis of trehalose. Droplets of experimental and control (no intracellular trehalose) cell suspensions were placed on coverslips in a microwave cavity. Water was evaporated using intermittent microwave heating (600 W, 30 s intervals). Samples were dried to various moisture levels, rehydrated, and then survival was assessed after a 45‐min recovery period using Calcein‐AM/PI fluorescence and Trypan Blue exclusion assays. The metabolic activity of dried cells (4.3 gH2O/gdw) was assessed after rehydration using a resazurin reduction assay. Apoptosis levels were also measured. Post‐ rehydration survival correlated with the final moisture content achieved, consistent with other drying methods. Intracellular trehalose provided protection against injury associated with moisture loss. Metabolic assays revealed normal growth in surviving cells, and these survival levels were consistent with results from apoptosis assays (P > 0.05). Brightfield and fluorescence images of microwave‐dried samples revealed a uniform distribution of cells within the dried matrix and profilometry analysis demonstrated that solids were uniformly distributed throughout the sample. Microwave‐processing successfully facilitated rapid and uniform dehydration of cell‐based samples. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 782–796. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapeutic effects of molecularly designed antigen UREB138 for mice infected with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Morihara Fumiko , Hifumi Emi , Yamada Manabu , Nishizono Akira , Uda Taizo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria that is well known as the principal cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in humans. Because no effective vaccine has yet been established, we designed a new biomolecule as a vaccination antigen capable of preventing the infection of H. pylori. The designed biomolecule involves a 138 stretch (aa 201–aa 338 of β‐subunit of H. pylori urease), which is the functionally important region for urease activity. The region was expressed as a recombinant protein, called UREB138. The therapeutic vaccination was performed using UREB138 in mice persistently infected with H. pylori. The subcutaneous administration of UREB138 remarkably reduced the number of bacteria in the mice stomach compared with the control. Immunization with UREB138 enhanced the urease‐specific IgA and IgG1 in the serum. Immunohistochemical staining for IgA in gastric mucosa showed that the number of mice positively stained with IgA was significantly higher in UREB138‐immunized mice than in control mice. Furthermore, the expression of interferon‐gamma mRNA in the gastric tissues with eradicated bacteria was higher than in the non‐eradicated group. The combination of Th1‐ and Th2‐mediated immunity plays a role in reducing the colonization of bacterial numbers of H. pylori. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 634–643. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The response of human embryonic stem cell‐derived endothelial cells to shear stress
Authors: Metallo Christian M. , Vodyanik Maxim A. , de Pablo Juan J. , Slukvin Igor I. , Palecek Sean P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn important physiological function of vascular endothelial cells is to detect and respond to physical stimuli. While many efforts have been made to derive endothelial cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), the ability of these derivatives to respond to mechanical forces has yet to be ascertained. hESC‐derived endothelial cells (hEECs) were obtained by coculturing hESCs with OP9 stromal cells. Here we applied physiologic levels of shear stress to hEECs in a parallel plate flow chamber and observed changes in cell morphology and gene expression, comparing the response to that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). Shear induced hEECs to elongate and align in the direction of flow, and their overall transcriptional response to shear was similar to the primary cells tested. In response to shear in hEECs, COX2 and MMP1 were upregulated four‐ and threefold, MCP1 and VCAM1 expression decreased over fivefold, and ICAM1 and TPA were downregulated almost threefold. TGFβ1 and SOD2 transcription exhibited no change under the conditions tested. Additionally, preshearing of hEECs mitigated TNFα‐induced VCAM1 surface expression. These findings suggest that hEECs are capable of functionally responding to changes in fluid shear stress by modulating gene expression and cell morphology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 830–837. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of intracellular nucleotide and nucleotide sugar contents on recombinant interferon‐γ glycosylation during batch and fed‐batch cultures of CHO cells
Authors: Kochanowski N. , Blanchard F. , Cacan R. , Chirat F. , Guedon E. , Marc A. , Goergen J.‐L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBoth the macroheterogeneity of recombinant human IFN‐γ produced by CHO cells and intracellular levels of nucleotides and sugar nucleotides, have been characterized during batch and fed‐batch cultures carried out in different media. Whereas PF‐BDM medium was capable to maintain a high percentage of the doubly‐ glycosylated glycoforms all over the process, mono‐glycosylated and non‐glycosylated forms increased during the batch culture using SF‐RPMI medium. Intracellular level of UTP was higher in PF‐BDM all over the batch culture compared to the SF‐RPMI process. UDP‐Gal accumulated only during the culture performed in PF‐BDM medium, probably as a consequence of the reduced UDP‐Glc synthesis flux in SF‐RPMI medium. When the recombinant CHO cells were cultivated in fed‐batch mode, the UTP level remained at a relatively high value in serum‐containing RPMI and its titer increased during the fed‐phase indicating an excess of biosynthesis. Besides, an accumulation of UDP‐Gal occurred as well. Those results all together indicate that UTP and UDP‐Glc syntheses in CHO cells cultivated in SF‐RPMI medium in batch process, could be limiting during the glycosylation processes of the recombinant IFN‐γ. At last, the determination of the energetic status of the cells over the three studied processes suggested that a relationship between the adenylate energy charge and the glycosylation macroheterogeneity of the recombinant IFN‐γ may exist. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 721–733. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tailor‐Made Poly(amidoamine)s for Controlled Complexation and Condensation of DNA
Authors: Hartmann Laura , Häfele Stefanie , Peschka‐Süss Regine , Antonietti Markus , Börner Hans G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA set of polymer carriers for DNA delivery was synthesized by combining monodisperse, sequence‐defined poly(amidoamine) (PAA) segments with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks. The precise definition of the PAA segments provides the possibility of correlating the chemical structure (monomer sequence) with the resulting biological properties. Three different PAA–PEO conjugates were synthesized by solid‐phase supported synthesis, and the cationic nature of the PAA segments was systematically varied. This allows for the tailoring of interactions with double‐stranded plasmid DNA (dsDNA). The potential of the PAA–PEO conjugates as non‐viral vectors for gene delivery is demonstrated by investigating the dsDNA complexation and condensation properties. Depending on the applied carrier, a transition in polyplex (polymer–DNA ion complex) structures is observed. This reaches from extended ring‐like structures to highly compact toroidal structures, where supercoiling of the DNA is induced. An aggregation model is proposed that is based on structural investigations of the polyplexes with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). While the cationic PAA segment mediates primarily the contact of the carrier to the dsDNA, the PEO block stabilizes the polyplex and generates a “stealth” aggregate, as was suggested by Zeta potentials that were close to zero. The controlled aggregation leads to stable, single‐plasmid complexes, and stabilizes the DNA structure itself. This is shown by ethidium bromide intercalation assays and DNase digestion assays. The presented PAA–PEO systems allow for the formation of well‐defined single‐plasmid polyplexes, preventing hard DNA compression and strongly polydisperse polyplexes. Moreover carrier polymers and the resulting polyplexes exhibit no cytotoxicity, as was shown by viability tests; this makes the carriers potentially suitable for in vivo delivery applications.
Palladium Nanoclusters Supported on Propylurea‐Modified Siliceous Mesocellular Foam for Coupling and Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Erathodiyil Nandanan , Ooi Samuel , Seayad Abdul M. , Han Yu , Lee Su Seong , Ying Jackie Y. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis, characterization and applications of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles supported on siliceous mesocellular foam (MCF). Pd nanoparticles of 2–3 nm and 4–6 nm were used in reactions involving molecular hydrogen (such as hydrogenation of double bonds and reductive amination), transfer hydrogenation of ketones and epoxides, and coupling reactions (such as Heck and Suzuki reactions). They successfully catalyzed all these reactions with excellent yield and selectivity. This heterogeneous catalyst was easily recovered by filtration, and recycled several times without any significant loss in activity and selectivity. The palladium leaching in the reactions was determined to be much less than the FDA‐approved limit of 5 ppm. Furthermore, the catalyst can be stored and handled under normal atmospheric conditions. This immobilized catalyst allows for ease of recovery/reuse and minimization of waste generation, which are of great interest in the development of green chemical processes.
Review: Durability and Degradation Issues of PEM Fuel Cell Components
Authors: de Bruijn F. A. , Dam V. A. T. , Janssen G. J. M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBesides cost reduction, durability is the most important issue to be solved before commercialisation of PEM Fuel Cells can be successful. For a fuel cell operating under constant load conditions, at a relative humidity close to 100% and at a temperature of maximum 75 °C, using optimal stack and flow design, the voltage degradation can be as low as 1–2 μV·h. However, the degradation rates can increase by orders of magnitude when conditions include some of the following, i.e. load cycling, start–stop cycles, low humidification or humidification cycling, temperatures of 90 °C or higher and fuel starvation. This review paper aims at assessing the degradation mechanisms of membranes, electrodes, bipolar plates and seals. By collecting long‐term experiments as well, the relative importance of these degradation mechanisms and the operating conditions become apparent.
Cytokine profiling using monocytes/macrophages cultured on common biomaterials with a range of surface chemistries
Authors: Schutte Robert J. , Parisi‐Amon Andreina , Reichert W. Monty 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were assayed from the supernatants of monocytes and macrophages cultured on common biomaterials with a range of surface chemistries. TNF‐α, MCP‐1, MIP‐1α, IL‐8, IL‐6, IL‐1β, VEGF, IL‐1ra, and IL‐10 were measured from monocyte/macrophage cultures at different stages of activation and differentiation seeded onto polyethylene, polyurethane, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, and a hydrogel copolymer of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, and polyethylene glycol acrylate in tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) plates. Empty TCPS wells and organo‐tin polyvinyl chloride served as “blanks” and positive controls, respectively. Results showed an overall increase in cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor production as monocytes are activated or differentiated into macrophages and that proinflammatory and anti‐wound healing cytokines and chemokines dominate this profile. However, cytokine production was only modestly affected by the surface chemistry of these four stable and noncytotoxic biomaterials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Novel polyion complex micelles for liver‐targeted delivery of diammonium glycyrrhizinate: In vitro and in vivo characterization
Authors: Yang Ke Wei , Li Xin Ru , Yang Zhuo Li , Li Ping Zhu , Wang Fei , Liu Yan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPolyion complex micelles (PIC micelles) based on methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted‐chitosan (mPEG‐g‐Chitosan) and lactose‐conjugated PEG‐grafted‐chitosan (Lac‐PEG‐g‐Chitosan) were designed as carriers for anionic drugs. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG)‐loaded conventional PIC micelles (mPIC micelles) and lactose‐modified PIC micelles (Lac‐PIC micelles) were prepared successfully with encapsulation efficiency of 97.4% and 96.7%, respectively. These micelles were uniform spherical particles with a mean size of 21.6 and 26.4 nm by transmission electron microscopy, respectively. No significant size change of these micelles in three months indicated their good physical stability. The in vitro drug release behavior of mPIC micelles in different media as well as the changes of size and zeta potential demonstrated that the drug was released mainly through swelling and diffusion induced by ion exchange. The pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the area under the curve of DG plasma concentration‐time profile in rats for mPIC micelles and Lac‐PIC micelles were 1.2 times and 0.4 times higher than that for DG injection, respectively. The liver targeting ability of both mPIC micelles and Lac‐PIC micelles was evaluated in rats, revealing that Lac‐PIC micelles could deliver more DG to liver than mPIC micelles. Therefore, the Lac‐PIC micelles prepared in this study were promising liver‐targeted nanocarriers for DG. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009