bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Production in Reactor Materials
Authors: Greenwood LR 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the principal nuclear reactions that are known to produce hydrogen and helium in irradiated materials and a summary of the comparison of measurements with predictions in various reactors. Hydrogen and helium are produced in all reactor materials by fast neutron reactions which typically have thresholds above 4 MeV. Selected elements also have thermal neutron gas production reactions that can be quite prolific, such as 6Li, 10B, and 14N, and there are a number of elements which produce transmutation products that have high thermal neutron gas production cross sections, most notably 59Ni produced by irradiation of Ni and 65Zn produced by irradiation of Cu or Zn. Since gas production cross sections are isotope-specific, gas production rates can change during irradiation due to transmutation effects or initial rates can be modified by isotopic tailoring of reactor materials.
Mechanical Characterization of Cryogenically Treated Music Wire
Authors: Chen JM , Seah KHW , Chew CH 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Cryogenic treatment is a technique applied to metallic alloys to improve their mechanical properties through stress relief and the formation of microprecipitates. Recently, there have been attempts among musical instrument makers to perform cryogenic treatment on musical instruments. While there are claims that these instruments experienced improved tonal performance due to altered physical and mechanical characteristics after cryogenic treatment, there have been no attempts to examine or qualify these claims. This study is an effort to characterize music wire in acoustic systems before and after cryogenic treatment in terms of changes in material and mechanical properties. Treated strings are found to possess improved mechanical properties. An explanation is proposed for the changes in the material caused by cryogenic treatment.
Reduce the Injuries, Change the Culture: Insights from Telemarking
Authors: Dickson TJ 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Risk management theory suggests that a proactive approach rather than a reactive approach is more effective for managing risks. In the context of snowsports this would mean that a whole-of-industry approach to snowsport injury prevention would range from the images in brochures, the organizations in the industry through to the equipment and people (staff and participants) involved in the industry. Telemark skiing has experienced a resurgence in interest, after 100 years of existence, correlating with changes in the availability and design of telemarking equipment. This paper will build on insights from a survey of Australian telemark skiers through a review of literature from occupational health and safety, risk management for outdoor pursuits, and organizational culture to reflect upon the need for a wholistic and strategic research agenda to aid in the reduction of snowsport injuries.
Fission neutron spectrum averaged cross sections of some threshold reactions on cadmium: production feasibility of no-carrier-added 103Pd in a nuclear reactor
Authors: Abbasi I. A. , Zaidi Jamshed H. , Arif M. , Subhani Muhammad Sadiq 
Published: January 2006

Summary
Systematic studies on fission neutron spectrum averaged cross sections of some threshold reactions like (n,p) and (n,α) on cadmium were carried out using the activation technique in combination with radiochemical separations and high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. Special attention was paid to the formation of 103Pd via the 106Cd(n,α) 103Pd reaction since it is an important therapeutic radionuclide. At a fast flux neutron density of 7.5 × 1013 cm2s-1 and an irradiation time of 120 h, using 100% enriched 106Cd target 340 MBq of no-carrier-added 103Pd per batch could be produced. The method is thus suitable for medium-scale production of this radionuclide.
Effect of ozone on ruthenium species in alkaline medium – Part II: Oxidation of pentahydroxo nitrosyl ruthenate(II) ion RuNO(OH)52-
Authors: Floquet Sébastien , Eysseric Catherine 
Published: January 2006

SummaryOxidation of the nitrosyl ruthenium complex RuNO(OH)52-has been carried out in sodium hydroxide solutions in contact with a gas flow containing ozone. The RuNO(OH)52-complex is converted successively into ruthenate and perruthenate ions. An empirical kinetic rate law for the first step has been determined and was shown to depend on concentrations of (i) the ruthenium complex, (ii) the hydroxide ions and (iii) ozone concentration in the gas flow. The second step of the reaction, corresponding to the perruthenate ion formation, shows a complex mechanism and four competing reactions have been proposed to represent it. The influences on the second step kinetics of several parameters such as ozone or hydroxide concentrations or the conditions of the gas-liquid exchange area are also qualitatively discussed.
Studies on thermal decomposition of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) complexes of o-carboxy N,N′-dimethylbenzylamine by thermoanalytical techniques in static air atmosphere
Authors: Khan Samina , Anwar Chaudhary Jamil 
Published: January 2006

Summary
The o-carboxy N-N′-dimethylbenzylamine uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) complexes, o-C6H4COOHCH2N-(CH3)2UO2SO4 (I), o-C6H4COOHCH2N(CH3)2UO2(NO3)2 (II), o-C6H4COOHCH2N(CH3)2UO2Cl2 (III), and o-C6H4CO-OHCH2N(CH3)2Th(NO3)4 (IV) were prepared and studied by means of thermoanalytical techniques in static air atmosphere to understand their mode of decomposition and thermal stability. Their compositions were investigated by elemental analysis in order to ensure their purity, and structure elucidations were based on proton NMR and IR spectra. Study of their thermal decomposition showed that they pyrolyzed in stages: the degradation of square bipyramidal complexes (I and III) occurred in four stages; hexagonal bipyramidal complex (II) also followed the same pattern. The decomposition of bicapped square antiprism complex (IV) proceeded in three steps. The thermal decomposition of these complexes occurred with the loss of inorganic and organic fragments and exhibited almost the same mode of decomposition. The composition of the intermediate formed during degradation was confirmed by microanalysis and IR spectroscopy. The residue after heating above 480 °C corresponded to metal oxide. It follows from the results that the thermal stability of the complexes increases in the following sequence: Complex II, Complex IV < Complex III < Complex I
Experimental evidence for solubility limitation of the aqueous Ni(II) concentration and isotopic exchange of63Ni in cementitious systems
Authors: Wieland Erich , Tits Jan , Ulrich Andrea , Bradbury Michael H. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryNi radioisotopes are present in cementitious repositories for radioactive waste and considered to be safety relevant in performance assessment. The behaviour of non-radioactive nickel and63Ni in cement systems has been investigated in batch-type experiments under conditions corresponding to the initial stage of cement degradation. Solubility tests using63Ni labelled solutions mixed with an artificial cement pore water (ACW) at pH 13.3 revealed that a Ni-containing precipitate was formed at high Ni concentrations, which limits the concentration of dissolved Ni to (2.9 ± 0.5) × 10-7M. The concentration of dissolved Ni in cement suspensions, however, was controlled by the partitioning of non-radioactive Ni between the hardened cement paste (HCP) and ACW. The concentration of dissolved Ni was found to be independent of the solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio in the range between 10-6kg L-1and 0.13 kg L-1((7.3 ± 3.9) × 10-8M). The concentration of dissolved Ni could not be modelled on the assumption that Ni partitioning is a reversible linear sorption process. The experimental data and the modelling indicate that a solubility-limiting process controls the concentration of dissolved Ni in the cement systems. Measurements of the sorption isotherm showed only a small increase in the concentration of dissolved Ni from about 5 × 10-8M to about 8 × 10-7M while the concentration of added Ni varied over several orders of magnitudes (10-6M–5 × 10-2M). This finding supports the idea that a solid-solution aqueous-solution system involving Ni may account for the behaviour of Ni in cement systems. The distribution ratio for the partitioning of63Ni between HCP and ACW was found to be consistent with literature data obtained under similar experimental conditions (Rd=0.15 ± 0.02 m3kg-1). TheRdvalue determined on Ni loaded HCP samples (3.9 × 10-4mol kg-1and 4.3 × 10-3mol kg-1) increased with increasing Ni concentration in HCP. It is shown that the uptake of63Ni can be interpreted in terms of an isotopic exchange process with the non-radioactive Ni of the cement matrix. The distribution coefficient, α, of the exchange process ranges in value between about 0.02 and about 0.06, indicating that only a small portion of the Ni inventory is accessible to isotopic exchange.
A simple assay method for added stable caesium in blood plasma
Authors: Kaikkonen Matti , Lehto Jukka 
Published: January 2006

Summary
A new assay method was developed to determine added stable caesium (Cs) in blood plasma. The simple and inexpensive method is based on the competition between stable and radioactive Cs in binding to ammonium-iron(II)-hexacyanoferrate(III) (AFCF), followed by the precipitation of AFCF-bound Cs with plasma proteins, and the measurement of the radioactivity of the precipitate. For data treatment, standard procedures of radioimmunoassay were used. At present stage, the qualitative detection limit is around 0.2 μmol L-1, and the practical limit for quantitative results around 1 μmol L-1. The method is applicable only for recently added Cs in blood plasma, and cannot be used to measure endogenous plasma Cs or Cs in other tissues. Determining plasma kinetics of Cs might be useful in the study of some aspects of potassium kinetics, since these two alkali metals are transported into cells by the same cellular mechanism (Na,K-ATPase).
Effect of ozone on ruthenium species in alkaline medium – Part I: Oxidative dissolution of ruthenium dioxide hydrate
Authors: Floquet Sébastien , Eysseric Catherine 
Published: January 2006

SummarySeveral ruthenium species compounds are typically encountered in waste management from nuclear fuel reprocessing operations. Ozone acting as a strong oxidizing agent in aqueous alkaline medium presents some advantages to dissolve rapidly solid deposits of RuO2,xH2O formed into process devices, without generating troublesome byproducts or secondary wastes. In this study, a three-phase solid-gas-liquid column was used for dissolution experiments where the ozone gas flow was contacted with RuO2,xH2O solid particles suspended in sodium hydroxide solution. The analysis of reaction by-products, ruthenate and perruthenate ions, leads us to propose a reaction mechanism. It points out the autocatalytic effect of ruthenate RuO42-in the dissolution reaction mechanism. Parametric experimental study has been performed. It shows that increase of oxidative dissolution kinetics is obtained: (i) with a particular RuO2,xH2O solid morphology, (ii) for an optimum sodium hydroxide concentration near 0.5 M, (iii) by increasing gas-liquid exchange surface area, (iv) by increasing ozone concentration in the gas and (v) by increasing ruthenium initial concentration.
Removal of mercury from water using pottery
Authors: Helal Abd-Allah A. 
Published: January 2006

Summary
In a previous study, the sorption of radiocobalt by powdered pottery materials was investigated. The use of these materials as immobilization matrix for liquid radioactive waste requires the employment of pottery vessels. Therefore, the present study aims to give detailed investigations of the decontamination of radionuclides and toxic elements using pottery containers. These investigations are equally useful to elucidate how far these vessels can be utilized for water purification through decontamination of toxic and heavy metals.
The radionuclide or heavy metal removal capability using pottery pots, as low cost sorbents, has been investigated for both radioactive (203Hg) and stable mercury. The results indicated that Hg2+ is better removed by pottery from neutral to alkaline solutions. The capacity of the used pottery container (100 ml in volume) for complete removal of mercury was found to reach 3 × 10-4 mol/l, and the time needed was 8 hours. The sorption process was suggested to occur via adsorption and ion exchange. The effect of presence of humic or fulvic acid, as ligands abundant in water, is also investigated. The results imply that, in absence of humic or fulvic acid the sorption follows the expected behaviour, i.e. sorption sites with similar affinity for mercury. In presence of humic or fulvic acid, additional sorption sites are available by the organic molecule when it is associated to the pottery.
Berkelium nitrate complex formation using a solvent extraction technique
Authors: Andersson Sofie , Nitsche Heino , Sudowe Ralf 
Published: January 2006

Summary
The extraction of Bk(III) into an organic phase consisting of 2,6-bis-(benzoxazolyl)-4-dodecyloxylpyridine, 2-bromodecanoic acid and tert-butyl benzene as a function of nitrate ion concentration in the aqueous phase was studied in order to determine the stability constants of the formation of Bk nitrate complexes. Increasing the nitrate ion concentration in the aqueous phase will increase the nitrate complex formation and thus the extraction of metal ions will decrease. Measuring this decrease in distribution ratio and fitting the data points with an appropriate model gives the stability constants of the Bk nitrate complex formation.
Transplantation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells into Ischemic and Growing Kidneys Suggests a Role in Vasculogenesis but Not Tubulogenesis
Authors: Dekel Benjamin , Shezen Elias , Even-Tov-Friedman Smadar , Katchman Helena , Margalit Raanan , Nagler Arnon , Reisner Yair 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Transplantation of murine bone marrow-derived stem cells has been reported recently to promote regeneration of the injured kidney. We investigated the potential of human adult CD34+ progenitor cells to undergo renal differentiation once xenotransplanted into ischemic and developing kidneys. Immunostaining with human-specific antibodies for tubular cells (broad-spectrum cytokeratin), endothelial cells (CD31, PECAM), stromal cells (vimentin), and hematopoietic cells (pan-leukocyte CD45) demonstrated that although kidney ischemia enhanced engraftment of human cells, they were mostly hematopoietic cells (CD45+) residing in the interstitial spaces. Few other engrafted cells demonstrated an endothelial phenotype (human CD31+in morphologically appearing peritubular capillaries), but no evidence of tubular or stromal cells of human origin was found. Upregulation of SDF1 and HIF1 transcript levels in the ischemic kidneys might explain the diffuse engraftment of CD45+cells following injury. Similarly, when embryonic kidneys rudiments were co-transplanted with human CD34+cells in mice, we found both human CD45+and CD31+cells in the periphery of the developing renal grafts, whereas parenchymal elements failed to stain. In addition, human CD34+cells had no effect on kidney growth and differentiation. This first demonstration of human CD34+stem cell transplantation into injured and developing kidneys indicates that these cells do not readily acquire a tubular phenotype and are restricted mainly to hematopoietic and, to a lesser extent, to endothelial lineages. Efforts should be made to identify additional stem cell sources applicable for kidney growth and regeneration.
Serial Transplantations in Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice of Transduced Human CD34+ Cord Blood Cells: Efficient Oncoretroviral Gene Transfer and Ex Vivo Expansion Under Serum-Free Conditions
Authors: Gammaitoni Loretta , Lucchi Simona , Bruno Stefania , Tesio Melania , Gunetti Monica , Pignochino Ymera , Migliardi Giorgia , Lazzari Lorenza , Aglietta Massimo , Rebulla Paolo , Piacibello Wanda 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Stable oncoretroviral gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provides permanent genetic disease correction. It is crucial to transplant enough transduced HSCs to compete with and replace the defective host hemopoiesis. To increase the number of transduced cells, the role of ex vivo expansion was investigated. For a possible clinical application, all experiments were carried out in serum-free media. A low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) pseudotyped murine retroviral vector was used to transduce cord blood CD34+ cells, which were then expanded ex vivo. These cells engrafted up to three generations of serially transplanted nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice: 54.26% ± 5.59%, 19.05% ± 2.01%, and 6.15% ± 5.16% CD45+ cells from primary, secondary, and tertiary recipient bone marrow, respectively, were LNGFR+. Repopulation in secondary and tertiary recipients indicates stability of transgene expression and long-term self-renewal potential of transduced HSCs, suggesting that retroviral gene transfer into HSCs, followed by ex vivo expansion, could facilitate long-term engraftment of genetically modified HSCs.
FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 in Normal Hematopoiesis and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Parcells Bertrand W. , Ikeda Alan K. , Simms-Waldrip Tiffany , Moore Theodore B. , Sakamoto Kathleen M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractLigand-mediated activation of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor is important for normal proliferation of primitive hematopoietic cells. However, activating mutations in FLT3 induce ligand-independent downstream signaling that promotes oncogenesis through pathways involved in proliferation, differentiation, and survival. FLT3 mutations are identified as the most frequent genetic abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia and are also observed in other leukemias. Multiple small-molecule inhibitors are under development to target aberrant FLT3 activity that confers a poor prognosis in patients.
Dynamics and control of integrated networks with purge streams
Authors: Baldea Michael , Daoutidis Prodromos , Kumar Aditya 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis work concerns the dynamics and control of process networks in which impurities are present and are removed by a small purge stream. Using a singular perturbation analysis, it is shown that the presence of the small purge stream leads to a time scale separation in the dynamics of the network. A method is proposed for the derivation of nonstiff, reduced‐order models in each time scale that are suitable for analysis and model‐based control. Finally, two case studies are introduced and illustrative numerical simulation results are provided. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): Genotype correlation to FAP phenotype with osteomas and sebaceous cysts
Authors: Bisgaard Marie Luise , Bülow Steffen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractGardner syndrome is characterized by the triad of colorectal adenomas, soft and hard tissue tumors. This disorder was regarded as a separate disease until the identification of the APC gene when it was recognized that mutations in the APC gene were the underlying cause of both Gardner syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The present study aimed at examining whether a particular APC genotype could be delineated in FAP patients with benign extracolonic manifestations: sebaceous cysts and/or osteomas. A questionnaire was sent to all Danish FAP patients (N = 234) asking for occurrence of sebaceous cysts and palpable osteomas. Medical records later verified positive findings, when possible. The results for each patient were correlated to the position of his or her mutation in the APC gene. Positive participation compliance was 77% (N = 180), and in 105 of these patients the pathogenic APC mutation was known. Palpable osteomas were reported in 17 of the patients in whom a pathogenic mutation had been identified. Osteomas were only identified in patients with mutations between codon 767 and 1513, a gene area also associated with congenital hypertrophy of the retinal‐pigmented epithelium (CHRPE) and hepatoblastoma. Sebaceous cysts were reported in 51% of the patients, and their APC mutations were evenly distributed in the gene with no particular hotspot. Osteomas appeared most frequently in patients with sebaceous cysts, odds ratio 6.6, P < 0.001. The study provides molecular evidence that Gardner syndrome is a variant of FAP and essentially obsolete in clinical practice. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis and management of heterokaryotypic monochorionic twins
Authors: Lewi Liesbeth , Blickstein Isaac , Van Schoubroeck Dominique , Gloning Karl‐Philipp , Casteels Martine , Brandenburg Helen , Fryns Jean‐Pierre , Deprest Jan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe diagnosis, management, and outcome of six consecutive heterokaryotypic monochorionic twins were evaluated. All suspected cases, based on discordant ultrasound findings, underwent amniocentesis of both sacs. Two cases also had chorionic villous sampling (CVS). Dual amniocentesis was superior to CVS in diagnosing heterokaryotypic monochorionic twins. In four cases, the X‐chromosome was involved and autosomal aneuploidy was noted in the others. In five cases, the anomalous twin was selectively reduced by cord coagulation. All pregnancies ended with a phenotypically normal liveborn and all children are developing normally at 1–7 years of age. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pure direct duplication (12)(q24.1 → q24.2) in a child with Marcus Gunn phenomenon and multiple congenital anomalies
Authors: Doco‐Fenzy Martine , Mauran Pierre , Marie Lebrun Jean , Bock Sylvie , Bednarek Nathalie , Struski Stéphanie , Albuisson Juliette , Ardalan Azarnouche , Collot Nathalie , Schneider Anouck , Dastot‐Le Moal Florence , Gaillard Dominique , Goossens Michel 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPartial trisomy of the region 12q24.1 → q24.2 is rare and usually associated with other rearrangements. We report on the clinical and cytogenetic findings in a girl with a pure de novo direct duplication dup(12)(q24.1 → q24.2). She had developmental and growth retardation, facial dysmorphism with upslanting palpebral fissures, wide downturned mouth, short neck, and Marcus Gunn phenomenon. She also had single transverse creases, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, and cardiac malformations consisting of a bicuspid aortic valve, multiple ventricular septal defects, and kinking of the aorta. The size of the duplication was characterized by molecular cytogenetics and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to be 11.5 Mb in size and extended from the BAC probe RP11‐256L11 loci (108.2 Mb) ± 1 Mb to the BAC probe RP11‐665J20 loci (119.7 Mb) ± 1 Mb. No such pure 12q24 duplication was detected out of the 23 patients reported in the literature with duplications in 12q region. Comparison with these reported 12q trisomies suggests the duplication dup(12)(q24.1 → q24.2) is associated with a recognizable phenotype consisting of characteristic facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, and cardiac malformation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.