bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interregional Cooperation in Higher Education in Europe'
Authors: Haug Guy , Race Julia 
Published: March 2007

This article drau's on the preparatory research. discussions and conclusions of a conference on1 Regional Cooperation and Mobility in Higher Education jointly organized in September 1997 in Iceland by the Council of Europe and the Nordic Council of Ministers. Regional cooperation is defined as cooperation between sub-national regions" (either across a common border or longer distance). or between such regions " and/or countries located within a relatively small geographical area of Europe. The article introduces a number of very, diverse cooperation schemes fitting these definitions. It examines the nature and purpose of inter-regional cooperation in higher education, its relationship with other types of international cooperation in higher education and its role within overall inter-regional cooperation. Kei determinants of the future development of inter-regional cooperation in higher education are identified and scenarios and recommendations for the future proposed. The article demonstrates that regional cooperation is a complement to, and in no
Comment
Authors: Tullock Gordon 
Published: March 2007

The Forum consists of comments on previously published papers and responses by authors. Unlike the Comment section in many other academic journals, the Forum includes solicited as well as unsolicited contributions. We encourage debates by actively seeking points of view contrary to those expressed in articles published in the journal. The Forum is intended to promote an open and critical debate that contributes to the intellectual vitality and further development of rational-choice-based theory and research. Forum contributions should follow the form used by Rationality and Society and should not exceed five double-spaced pages.
Principles of Individual and Small-Quantity Production Processes
Authors: Duhovnik Joze , Vrhovec Janez , Tavcar Joze 
Published: March 2007

Processes in individual and mass production are governed by certain principles which need to be taken into account as early as the conceptual design phase. A comprehensive analysis of processes in tool production has shown that production also needs to be considered in remodeling or the introduction of concurrent engineering. The paper discusses the principles of the manufacturing pro cess which affect the conditions in concurrent engineering. Computer simulation was used to analyze the process of tool production at a toolmaking shop. The model is based on the machine pool of the plant, the product structure and the machining procedure. The tool parts are machined on various machines and undergo various operations in Petri net based simulation. The parameters affecting the process were varied during the simulation, and the results, such as flow times, machine utilization and plant capacity were studied. These results were interpreted in terms of costs per product unit. The principles of manufacturing processes and the influence of the variation of machining times under different conditions were estab lished. The principles of production were taken into account in dividing projects into three levels.
A Systematic Approach of Virtual Enterprising Through Knowledge Management Techniques
Authors: Chen Yuh-Min , Liao Chia-Ching , Prasad Biren 
Published: March 2007

Virtual enterprising is viewed as one of the most promising business strategies for manufacturing industries to meet global competition The essence of virtual enterprising is to integrate the processes, activities, and resources from different enterprises through enterprise alliance and thereby quickly respond to customer expectations The management and sharing of knowledge across enter pnses is the basis for virtual enterprising. A development of a knowledge management and sharing system involves not only the tech nologies of communication, information, collaborative workflow and software engineering but also managing the characteristics and pro cesses of a satellite set of allied-enterprises. The development of an effective knowledge management system is still a technical challenge for virtual enterprising. In this context, information and data shanng are considered parts of a knowledge management (KM) function This paper presents a systematic approach to the development of a prototype knowledge management (KM) system that is able to support the intricacies of virtual enterprising. The prototype KM system development is done in two parts. The first part focuses on the characterization, definition, and modeling of virtual enterprises. The second part concentrates on design and modeling of an information sharing system. The output of the second part is a knowledge management (KM) system A prototype version of KM is developed in this case to test the underlying two-part approach proposed here. The proposed approach is however, quite general and is directed towards realizing most of the concepts of virtual enterprise, and thus achieving the goals of virtual enterprising
Rosalynn Carter: Advocate for the Mentally Ill
Authors: Brooks Ann Marie T. 
Published: March 2007

In January 1977, Rosalynn Carter of Plains, GA, became First Lady when her husband Jimmy Carter took office as the 39th president of the United States. Although she was new to the national limelight, Mrs. Carter had always maintained an active role in the family business, as mother of four children, and as partner in all her husband's politi cal activities. As a member of the Carter Center Board of Trustees, the former First Lady created and chairs the Carter Center's Mental Health Task Force, an advisory body of experts, con sumers, and advocates promoting positive change in the mental health field. She serves as the honorary chair of the Rosalynn Carter Institute at Georgia Southwest ern College and is involved in a variety of national, state, and local initiatives that address social ills as sociated with poverty and mental illness.
After Chernobyl: the relation of anxiety to technology in West Germany
Authors: Brede Karola 
Published: March 2007

Brede, K., 1990. After Chernobyl: the relation of anxiety to technology in West Germany. Indus trial Crisis Quarterly, 4: 233-241. For many Germans the accident at the Chernobyl power station posed the psychological problem of dealing with anxiety. The author argues that anxiety is a rational response to the invisible dangers of atomic technology. Its ration ality can be specified by Sigmund Freud's explanation of the uncanny and Günther Anders' call for a measure of anxiety that adequately meets the nu clear threat.
Method for Vapor Diffusion Behaviour Determination of the Building Envelope
Authors: Dumitriu-Valcea E.J. 
Published: March 2007

This paper is concerned with a design method, considering vapor diffusion and condensation caused by dew point temperatures on or within building envelope construction. Condensation in building envelope can be either a winter or summer phenomenon, although winter condensation has been given much greater at tention in building standards and guidelines in North America and Europe. But, generally, the potential for summer condensation in building envelopes is related to humid climates and to tropical or subtropical regions. The current guidelines for preventing summer condensation in building envelopes in humid climates are not as specific and comprehensive as those for control of winter condensation. In this paper is analyzed a method for winter condensation control but which can also be used for summer conditions in buildings located in extreme climates: both cold and hot, and humid, where vapor condensation represents a major problem. Winter condensation control in buildings is more important for roof and wall constructions than for floor and foundations constructions. Low-sloped roofs present an especially difficult design problem since the upper surface on the roof must be waterproof and highly impermeable to water vapor and water can be trapped in the insulation, causing deterioration and excessive heat losses. The ambient temperature and relative humidity conditions on which heating will operate during winter determines the "dew point" at which condensation should occur on a cold plane "condensation surface," while building envelope construction. So, the first design criteria is to establish the exterior air temperature at which the vapor condensation is starting within the envelope. For each type of building envelope results a specific starting condensation exterior air temperature. This value must not exceed the average annual temperature, to avoid a year by year progressive humidification of the envelope. The second design criteria is to establish the growth of the envelope humidity content through condensation in winter climate parameters: duration and average temperature, statistically determined, in function of the starting con densation exterior air temperature. This value must not exceed the saturation capacity of the envelope insulation. By means of this criteria can be realized the correlation between interior and exterior climate parameters (temperature, relative humidity) and the hygro thermal properties of the building envelope (vapor diffusion and thermal resistances, vapor saturation of the envelope insulation). It also gives the possibility to justify constructive measures (vapor barriers, ventilated air layers, etc.) avoiding condensation phenomena.
On Building Hygrometry: Influence of Internal and Exterior Structures
Authors: Isetti C. , Magrini U. , Nannei E. 
Published: March 2007

Maximum limit of vapor concentration of the inside air that does not create mould growth and condensation on the surface of exterior walls has been analyzed in non-steady state conditions. The calculations have been carried out for three different exterior walls and various air changes. Results show that both thermal storage capacity of the walls and of the inter nal structures affect the level of the permissible vapour concentration inside the dwelling.
Recent Developments with the Thin-Heater Thermal Conductivity Apparatus
Authors: Hager Nathaniel E. 
Published: March 2007

A thin-foil heating element is employed in a thermal conductivity apparatus that operates in accordance with the basic concept of the guarded hot plate. The metal foil is sufficiently thin that lateral heat flow along the plane of the heater is insignificant, at least in the central region, so there is no need for isola tion and separate temperature control of a guard region. This makes the appa ratus simple and inexpensive to construct and operate. The resultant low-mass configuration minimizes drift error and usually reaches steady state in less than 30 min with 0.5-cm-thick specimens of nonmetallic solids. Thermal conductivity values are calculated on an absolute basis with an estimated accuracy of ±3%. Speed and simplicity make the apparatus well suited for product-development and quality control applications. Because temperature differences within the sample do not exceed a few degrees, uncertainty in mean sample temperature is sharply limited, water-vapor-migration problems are minimized, and thermal conductivity can be measured close to melting points or other critical tempera tures. New data obtained with dry calcium silicate give preliminary experi mental verification of the validity of the apparatus in the temperature range extending between ambient and 550°K.
Apparent Thermal Conductivity Measurements by an Unguarded Technique
Authors: Graves R.S. , Yarbrough D.W. , Mcelroy D.L. 
Published: March 2007

An unguarded longitudinal heat flow apparatus for measuring the apparent thermal conductivity (λ a) of insulations was tested with mean specimen temper atures from 300 to 330°K on samples up to 0.91 m wide, 1.52 m long, and 0.15 m thick. Heat flow is provided by a horizontal electrically heated Nichrome screen that is sandwiched between test samples that are bounded by tempera ture controlled copper plates and 9 cm of mineral fiber insulation. A deter minate error analysis shows λ a measurement uncertainty to be less than ±1.7% for insulating materials as thin as 3 cm. Three-dimensional thermal modeling indicates negligible error in λ a due to edge loss for insulations up to 7.62 cm thick when the temperature difference across the sample is measured at the screen center. System repeatability and reproducibility were determined to be ±0.2%. Differences of λ a results from the screen tester and results from the National Bureau of Standards were 0.1% for a 10-kg/m3 Calibration Transfer Standard and 0.9% for 127-kg/m3 fibrous glass board (SRM 1450b). Measurements on fiber glass and rock wool batt insulations showed the dependence of λ a on density, temperature, temperature difference, plate emittance, and heat flow direction. Results obtained for λ a as a function of density at 24°C differed by less than 2% from values obtained with a guarded hot plate. These results demonstrate that this simple technique has the accuracy and sensitivity needed for useful λ a measurements on thermal insulating materials.
Contact Resistance in a Steel-Framed Wall
Authors: Trethowen H.A. , Cox-Smith I. 
Published: March 2007

This paper sets out to answer, experimentally, the question "how much influence does the contact tightness between steel frame and facings have on the overall thermal resistance of a wall panel?" The contact tightness has been equated to the mean contact gap between those two items. Accurate methods for both control and measurement of this gap have been utilised for this task. The experiment was devised so that precision adjustments to the contact gap could be made externally, and the wall panel was repeatedly adjusted and its thermal resistance measured, with no disturbance to any other part of the wall. The results showed that the mean contact gap could be adjusted between a mini mum of 0.5 mm and a chosen maximum of 3 mm. Variations solely in the tightness of fit between frame and facing (equated here to the mean contact gap) were found to produce up to -30% variation (16% per face), from 1.30 to 1.51 m20C/W, in the rated R-Values of the test panels studied. The effect was moderately linear.
Young people's feelings about drug use: a cause for reassurance or panic?
Authors: Wibberley Christopher 
Published: March 2007

■ Much is known about patterns of drug use by young people, but little about young people's feelings about such use ■ The study aimed to explore the feelings that young people themselves express, about the use of illegal drugs ■ Documentation of these feelings is important - to aid development of initiatives relating to both primary and secondary prevention among young people ■ Qualitative data were collected through a series of focus groups with young people aged 14-16 ■ The findings suggest that there is a general acceptance of soft drug use by young people, alongside a degree of fatalism in accepting such use ■ Familiarisation with drugs appeared to be an important factor in shaping young people's views of drugs, along with a belief that individuals have the right to choose about using drugs themselves
Improving the quality of child protection work in an acute trust
Authors: Valentine Fay 
Published: March 2007

■ Child protection and welfare is an important and integral component of any hospital that provides services for children ■ Within an acute Trust child protection work can consist of a preventive, protection and post protection role ■ Trusts must ensure effective structures, networks and procedures are in place ■ Audit of practice is vital to ensure that quality child protection work occurs
Nutrition knowledge in paediatric intensive care
Authors: Taylor Rachel M , Baker Alistair 
Published: March 2007

■ There are three categories (including 18 key areas) related to nutrition outlined in the Health of the Nation strategy ■ Paediatrics and intensive care were areas where knowledge of nutrition was regarded as important ■ The pilot questionnaire reflects knowledge levels in the study unit; further refinement of the tool would be necessary for future studies ■ The nutrition knowledge among nursing staff was less than shown in other studies ■ The study highlighted an urgent need for nutrition education among the nursing staff in the unit.
Getting the Most from Marketing Research
Authors: Lewis Robert C. 
Published: March 2007

When asked how his firm derived guest profiles, the senior vice president of marketing for one national hotel chain replied, "We ask the desk clerks." The need for more sophisticated marketing research in the hospitality industry is clear. But, with the exception of firms gathering their information only from desk clerks, most companies can get better management information even from their existing research data. This article launches a six-part series on marketing research, focusing on ways to analyze data for better marketing decisions
A Developmental Approach to Counseling Adults
Authors: Bocknek Gene 
Published: March 2007

The author enunciates basic tenets of developmental theory and shows their application to work with adults. Counseling intervention is conceptualized as mobilizing resources to facilitate growth. Implications for the future of counseling psychology are considered. Counseling psychologists working with adults have usually traced their origins to two sets of ancestors. One, the medical psychiatric tradition, is oriented to a treatment model. Correction of abnormalities, adjustment to disabilities, restoration of function are talismen of this approach. Educational guidance, the other ancestral tradition, takes as its hallmarks providing information and recommending courses of action. These historic influences have in recent years been effectively challenged, by phenomenology and by behaviorism. Even as controversy between these seemingly incompatible parents rages on, a new generation of advocates has arisen, growing its own branch on the family tree. This latest influence, the developmental approach, languished for as long as it remained a psychology of childhood. Now that developmental psychology is expanding in scope to cover the entire life span (Pressey & Kuhlen, 1957), its relevance for counseling psychology is becoming more explicit. To explore the relevance of developmental theory in working with adults it is necessary to review some basic tenets inherent in the developmental perspective.
The Nelson-Denny Reading Test as a Predictor of College Freshman Grades
Authors: Wood Peter H. 
Published: March 2007

This study represents an attempt to determine the difficulty level, the internal consistency, and the usefulness of Form C of the Nelson-Denny Reading Test (NDRT) as a predictor of freshman grades at a public, midwestern university. The 2,122 entering freshmen (37.7% male) produced a high school mean grade point average (GPA) of 3.16, a college freshmen GPA of 2.63, an American College Testing Program (ACT) Composite score of 20.6 and a NDRT of 82.8--7 points above the NDRT norm group. The internal consistency coefficients (Kuder Richardson formula 21) of the NDRT were .90 for the 100-item vocabulary section, .69 for the 36-item comprehension section, and .91 for the combined score. The NDRT was correlated positively with the verbal portion of the College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT-V) (.79), the ACT Composite score (.71), high school GPA (.39), and college freshman GPA (.33), as well as with other indicators of academic ability. High school GPA was the single most valid predictor of college freshman GPA (.56), but combinations of high school GPA and the NDRT increased the prediction of college GPA to .58. Combining high school GPA and ACT composite scores produced a predictive validity of .60, whereas high school GPA and SAT-V and SAT-Mathematics produced a predictive validity of .61. Adding the NDRT to a prediction equation already containing high school GPA and either ACT or SAT scores did not improve the prediction. College grades in large freshman courses were similarly, but less effectively, predictable.
Retest Effects on Standardized Structure-of-Intellect Ability Measures for a Sample of Elementary School Children
Authors: LeGagnoux Gerald , Michael William B. , Hocevar Dennis , Maxwell Valarie 
Published: March 2007

Within the context of a battery of 26 multifactor aptitude tests entitled the Structure of Intellect Learning Abilities Test and developed from the structure-of-intellect conceptual framework, the major purpose of this study was to examine for a sample of more than 2,000 elementary school children the nature and degree of relationship of retest effects from a first testing (pretest) to a second testing (posttest) two to four weeks later to (a) grade level (age), (b) gender, (c) general ability level, and (d) use of an identical or parallel form on the posttest in relation to the pretest. The gain scores in standard score form on the 26 SOI-LA subtests constituted the 26 dependent variables. A four-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) on unique effects (i.e., a simultaneous solution) was conducted. Results suggested the following conclusions. Younger children tended to show greater mean gain scores than older children. Gender appears to be unrelated to score changes upon retesting. Greater mean gain scores were evident for low ability children than for high ability children. Greater score gains may be expected on ability measures when the posttest is the same test form as the pretest than when the posttest is a parallel test form.
An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Improved Carbon Fibre Composite Materials
Authors: Curtis P.T. 
Published: March 2007

A wide range of mechanical properties, involving tension, compression, shear, notch and impact tests, have been performed on twelve carbon fibre composite materials. The materials tested ranged from standard carbon fibre reinforced epoxy systems to high strain and intermediate modulus carbon fibres with toughened epoxy, bismaleimide and thermo plastic matrices. The actual improvement in mechanical properties of composites attainable through the use of these improved materials depended on both the type of fibre and resin and their compatibility in the composite, as well as the interface between them. Thus improved materials should be selected on their overall system performance rather than individual fibre and resin behaviour. None of the improved materials had increased compressive strength, particularly in the critical hot/wet and notched case, although most proved to be tougher than the standard materials. The thermoplastic based system had the greatest resistance to impact, but the properties of the ±45 laminates appeared to show some sensitivity to the rate of cooling after mould ing. Advice on the selection of materials is given and recommendations are made of how further improvements in composite performance might be achieved.