bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different instrumentation techniques on students’ performance and outcomes of nonsurgical root canal treatment
Authors: Medina‐Torres Luis , Cochran Clarence , Bauer Patricia Ann , Valcanaia Andre Joao , Sindu Devika , Cavalcanti Bruno , McDonald Neville 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study compared, retrospectively, the incidence of clinical errors and effects on treatment outcomes, when students were exposed to two different instrumentation techniques: a hybrid rotary technique (HYB), consisting of both hand instrumentation with hand stainless steel and Ni‐Ti files plus the use of a rotary system (Vortex Blue, Dentsply Sirona), versus a full reciprocation instrumentation technique (WaveOne Gold [WOG], Dentsply Sirona).MethodsA total of 368 endodontic cases (n = 184) in anterior and premolar teeth, completed by dental students at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry from 2013 to 2022, were used for the study. The groups were evaluated by two calibrated clinicians, observing the incidence of clinical errors: file separations, over‐instrumentation, ledges and transportations. Treatment outcomes were also observed. Data were analyzed statistically by Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05).ResultsNo significant difference in file separations, ledges, and transportation was observed between the two groups. However, the WOG Group experienced significantly more over‐instrumentation than HYB group, although this did not significantly affect tooth survival or periapical index (PAI). Cases with PAI scores of 5 were found to have significantly less tooth survival compared to the other PAI scores.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that both techniques in our study are well suited to advancing the endodontic dental education of students and novice operators, anticipating relatively successful outcomes of tooth survival, as long as the cases selected are less severe in progression preoperatively.
The impact of magnification on undergraduate dental students' performance during cavity preparations: A systematic review
Authors: Ramesh Arjun , Junxi Guo Allen , Patel Het Jayeshkumar , Huang James , Huang Chen‐Chia , de Mello‐Neto João Martins , Rodrigues Amaral Rodrigo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesLoupe magnification is a commonly utilized tool within dental education due to its proposed benefits of improving working posture, visual acuity, and procedural quality. Although procedural quality has been researched at the graduate level, literature encompassing the undergraduate level remains scarce. Therefore, this systematic review aims to critically assess the available literature to ascertain the effects of loupe magnification on the performance of undergraduate dental students' cavity preparations.Materials and MethodsA systematic search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, The Cochrane Library for Cochrane Reviews, and Scopus, to identify relevant studies published from inception to February 15, 2023. We included English language studies that evaluated the effect of loupe magnification on the performance of undergraduate dental students in cavity preparations.ResultsIn total, six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The outcomes assessed encompassed tooth preparation accuracy. Of these six articles, one was conducted on endodontic access cavity preparations, four on restorative cavity preparations, and one on nonstandard cavity preparation designs performed on acrylic blocs. Four articles determined that loupes positively impacted undergraduate students' performance in cavity preparations, while two articles established no significant difference in performance between loupes and naked‐eye cavity preparations.ConclusionThis systematic review suggests that loupe magnification positively impacts undergraduate dental students' performance in cavity preparations. However, the heterogeneity of the studies and the variations in methodologies limit the ability to draw definitive conclusions.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide/Allium sativum nano‐composite and its efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Hamdy Doaa A. , Ismail Mousa A. M. , El‐Askary Hala M. , Abdel‐Baki Abdel‐Azeem S. , Al‐Quraishy Saleh , Mohamed Fatma , Ahmed Marwa M. , Fouad Fatma M. , Hassan Ahmed O. , Abdel‐Tawab Heba 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCryptosporidiosis is a global health problem threats life of immunocompromised patients. Allium sativum (A. sativum) is one of the therapeutic options for cryptosporidiosis. This study develops green synthesized ZnO‐NPs based on A. sativum extract, and assesses its therapeutic application in treating experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice. FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta analyzer were used for characterization of bio ZnO‐NPs. The morphology of prepared materials appeared as sponge with many pores on the whole surface that allows the feasibility of bio ZnO‐NPs for different biological activities. Its structural analysis was highly stabilized with negative charge surface which indicated for well distribution into the parasite matrix. Twenty‐five immunosuppressed Cryptosporidium parvum infected mice, classified into 5 groups were sacrificed at 21th day after infection with evaluation of parasitological, histopathological, oxidative, and proinflammatory biomarkers. Treated mice groups with 50 and 100 mg/kg of AS/ZnO‐NPs showed a highly significant decline (79.9% and 83.23%, respectively) in the total number of expelled oocysts. Both doses revealed actual amelioration of the intestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary histopathological lesions. They also significantly produced an increase in GSH values and improved the changes in NO and MDA levels, and showed high anti‐inflammatory properties. This study is the first to report green synthesis of ZnO/A. sativum nano‐composite as an effective therapy in treating cryptosporidiosis which gave better results than using A. sativum alone. It provides an economical and environment‐friendly approach towards novel delivery synthesis for antiparasitic applications.Research Highlights
Green synthesis of ZnO‐NPs was developed using A. sativum extract.
The morphology of prepared ZnO‐NPs appeared as sponge with many pores on SEM
The study evaluates its therapeutic efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosis
The green synthesized ZnO‐NPs significantly reduced percent of oocyst shedding, improved the pathological changes, and showed high antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potentials.
Toward better targeting of mitigation measures for reducing phosphorus losses from land to water: Andrew Sharpley's legacy in Norway and Sweden
Authors: Liu Jian , Djodjic Faruk , Ulén Barbro , Aronsson Helena , Bechmann Marianne , Bergström Lars , Krogstad Tore , Kyllmar Katarina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNordic agriculture faces big challenges to reduce phosphorus (P) loss from land to water for improving surface water quality. While understanding the processes controlling P loss and seeking for P mitigation measures, Norwegian and Swedish researchers have substantially benefited from and been inspired by Dr. Andrew Sharpley's career‐long, high‐standard P research. Here, we demonstrate how Sharpley and his research have helped the Nordic researchers to understand the role of cover crops in cold environmental conditions, best manure P management practices, and ditch processes. His work on critical source area (CSA) identification and site assessment tool development have also greatly inspired our thinking on the targeting of mitigation measures and the contextualizing tools for Nordic climate, landscape, and soils. While reflecting on Sharpley's legacy, we identify several needs for Norwegian and Swedish P research and management. These include (1) tackling the challenges caused by local/regional unevenness in livestock density and related manure management and farm P surpluses, (2) identifying CSAs of P loss with high erosion risk and high P surplus, (3) obtaining more high‐resolution mapping of soils with low P sorption capacity both in the topsoil and subsoil, (4) improving cross‐scale understanding of processes and mitigation measures and proper follow‐up of applied mitigation measures, and (5) increasing collaborations of researchers with farmers and farmers’ advisory groups and watershed groups by developing high‐quality educational courses and extension materials. The needs should be addressed in the context of the challenges and opportunities created by climate change.
Ontogenetic and interelemental study of appendicular bones of Caiman latirostris Daudin, 1802 sheds light on osteohistological variability in crocodylians
Authors: Pereyra María Eugenia , Bona Paula , Siroski Pablo , Chinsamy Anusuya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe osteohistology of vertebrates provides a reliable source to deduce biological information, particularly regarding growth and development. Although osteohistological studies in Neosuchia (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) are relatively numerous, the number of species studied within the group is still small. Extant crocodilians are known to exhibit intraspecific variability linked to environmental conditions, habitat, feeding, and other intrapopulation factors. Here, we analyzed the osteohistology of the living South American Caiman latirostris throughout posthatching ontogeny. The histology of several appendicular bones of 13 different‐sized captive and wild individuals were examined. Although some thin sections revealed the classic lamellar, parallel‐fibered, or woven bone matrices, others showed a variation and a mix between the organization of the bone tissue. These histological differences are likely related to variability in the growth dynamics of caimans. In some bones of the juveniles studied, remnants of embryonic bone were observed. Osteohistological variation related to prevailing environmental conditions is documented. Furthermore, our results show ontogenetic variation in the type of bone tissues deposited throughout the development of C. latirostris. This study offers a broad framework for life history interpretations for C. latirostris and provides insight into the evolutionary history and ontogenetic growth of extinct crocodylian lineages.
TLR4 TIR domain and nucleolin GAR domain synergistically mediate RSV infection and induce neuronal inflammatory damage in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Jiang Chengcheng , Huang Yixuan , Gui Hongya , Liu Xiaojie , Li Haiwen , Han Maozhen , Huang Shenghai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious research results of our group showed that Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nucleolin synergistically mediate respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in human central neuron cells, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here we designed and synthesized lentiviruses with TIR (674–815 aa), TLR4 (del 674–815 aa), GAR (645–707 aa), and NCL (del 645–707 aa) domains, and obtained stable overexpression cell lines by drug screening, and subsequently infected RSV at different time points. Laser confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation were used for the observation of co‐localization and interaction of TIR/GAR domains. Western blot analysis was used for the detection of p‐NF‐κB and LC3 protein expression. Real‐time PCR was used for the detection of TLR4/NCL mRNA expression. ELISA assay was used to measure IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α concentrations and flow cytometric analysis was used for the study of apoptosis. Our results suggest that overexpression of TIR and GAR domains can exacerbate apoptosis and autophagy, and that TIR and GAR domains can synergistically mediate RSV infection and activate the NF‐κB signaling pathway, which regulates the secretion of downstream inflammatory factors, such as IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α, and ultimately leads to neuronal inflammatory injury.
Transanal irrigation in children with functional constipation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bolia Rishi , Goel Akhil , Thapar Nikhil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesRefractory functional constipation is a challenging condition to manage in children. The use of transanal irrigation (TAI) is well reported in children with neurological disorders as well as anorectal malformations but less so in children with functional disorders of defecation. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and outcomes of TAI in children with functional constipation.MethodsPubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for publications related to the use of TAI in functional constipation. Data regarding the study design, sample size, patient characteristics, investigator‐reported response to TAI and adverse effects were extracted from studies that met the selection criteria. The inverse variance heterogeneity model was used for ascertaining the summary effect in this meta‐analysis.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 279 articles of which five studies were included in the final review. The studies were from the United Kingdom (n = 2), Netherlands (n = 2) and Denmark (n = 1). These studies included 192 children with a median age ranging from 7 to 12.2 years old. The TAI systems used in these studies were: Peristeen (n = 2), Peristeen or Qufora (n = 1), Alterna (n = 1) and Navina (n = 1). The follow‐up duration ranged from 5.5 months to 3 years. Eleven (5.7%) children did not tolerate TAI and withdrew from treatment soon after initiation. The pooled investigator‐reported success of TAI was 62% (95% CI: 52%–71%). The most common adverse event was pain which was experienced by 21.7% of children. A total of 27 (14%) were successfully weaned off TAI at the last follow‐up.ConclusionsTAI is reported to be successful in 62% of children with refractory functional constipation. There is a need for well‐designed prospective trials to evaluate this treatment option in children with refractory functional constipation.
Gastric outlet obstruction in an 11‐year‐old girl: A case report
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Sofia , Soares‐Aquino Carolina , Amorim Rita , Melão Lina , Espinheira Céu , Pais Isabel Pinto , Campos Miguel , Trindade Eunice 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPyloric stenosis commonly affects infants and rarely causes gastric outlet obstruction in adolescents and older children. We present the case of an 11‐year‐old girl with a 2‐month history of recurrent postprandial vomiting and weight loss. On physical examination, the patient presented with abdominal distension. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a very small pyloric orifice through which the endoscope could not be advanced. Abdominal ultrasonography and a computed tomography confirmed pylorus thickening. She underwent Heineke‐Mikulicz pyloroplasty with symptom resolution.
Good clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients over 60 years of age
Authors: Cao Zhuohan , Wang Cheng , Ma Yong , Wang Jian , Wang Haijun , Liu Ping , Yang Yuping , Gong Xi , Wang Jianquan , Shi Weili 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical outcomes following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in patients over 60 years and to investigate the potential impact of preoperative osteoarthritis (OA) on these outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study included ACL‐injured patients over 60 years who underwent primary arthroscopic ACLR between 2010 and 2020. The Lysholm score and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score were assessed preoperatively and at the final follow‐up. The Tegner activity scale was performed to evaluate patients' activity levels. Data on return to sports, patient satisfaction, subsequent injuries and complications were collected. Preoperative radiographs were used to grade OA according to the Kellgrene–Lawrence classification. Correlation analysis between OA and clinical outcomes was performed. The rates of achieving the minimal clinically significant difference and patient‐acceptable symptoms state were documented.ResultsA total of 37 patients were included in this study. The mean age at surgery was 62.3 ± 2.3 years, with a mean follow‐up of 6.3 ± 3.2 years (range: 2.1–12.4). Patients showed statistically significant (all p < 0.001) improvements in the mean IKDC (38.9 ± 9.4–66.8 ± 12.5), Lysholm (48.8 ± 15.4–83.0 ± 12.8) and Tegner (1–3) scores. Fourteen patients (37.8%) returned to sports. No correlation was observed between the degree of preoperative OA and clinical outcomes (n.s.).ConclusionPatients over 60 years with symptomatic ACL‐deficient knees could benefit from ACLR, even when mild to moderate OA is present preoperatively.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Arthroscopic treatment of ankle multiligamentous injuries provides similar clinical outcomes to the treatment of isolated lateral ligament injury at the 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Guelfi Matteo , Vega Jordi , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki , Malagelada Francesc , Pantalone Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeRotational ankle instability is a multiligamentous injury defined as an overload injury of the deltoid ligament caused by a long‐standing injury of the lateral collateral ligament in patients affected by chronic ankle instability. The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical outcomes of combined arthroscopic repair of lateral and medial ankle ligaments for rotational ankle instability versus isolated arthroscopic lateral ligament repair for lateral ankle instability at 2 years' follow‐up.MethodsBetween 2019 and 2021, 108 patients with chronic ankle instability were consecutively treated by arthroscopy. Of this group, 83 patients (77%) [median age: 26 (range, 14–77) years] underwent an isolated all‐inside lateral ligament repair for lateral ankle instability (group A). In the remaining 25 patients (23%) [median age: 27 (range, 17–58) years], rotational ankle instability was clinically suspected and confirmed during arthroscopy; thus, a combined all‐inside repair of lateral and medial ligaments was performed (group B). The same postoperative protocol was utilised for both groups. Patients were prospectively evaluated before surgery, at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months with Foot Functional Index (FFI) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure–Sports subscale (FAAM‐SS). At the latest follow‐up, the satisfaction rate and complications were also recorded.ResultsIn both groups, FFI, VAS and FAAM‐SS scores significantly improved compared to preoperative values (p < 0.001). In addition, according to all the scores evaluated, there was no significative difference (n.s) between groups at the final follow‐up or at any of the intermediate follow‐up. No major complications were observed in both groups.ConclusionsArthroscopic ligament repair in case of ankle multiligamentous injuries, such as in rotational ankle instability, provides excellent clinical outcomes and is comparable to isolated lateral ligament repair at 2 years' follow‐up. Therefore, when treating ankle instability, arthroscopic repair of each and every ligament that appears injured provides the best potential outcomes and is the recommended treatment.Level of EvidenceLevel II, prospective comparative.
Optically Tunable Ultrafast Broadband Terahertz Polarimetric Device Using Nonvolatile Phase‐Change Material
Authors: Lai Weien , Gou Hanguang , Wu Huizhen , Rahimi‐Iman Arash 
Published: April 2024

AbstractActively tunable ultrafast broadband terahertz (THz) polarimetry using a reconfigurable phase‐change material holds great potentials and prospects for the achievement of next‐generation versatile integrated THz components and systems in a variety of THz applications. Here, an optically tunable ultrafast broadband THz polarimetric device (THz‐PoD) composed of a phase‐change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and a thin mica substrate is demonstrated. This proposed novel THz‐PoD is verified for a frequency range of 0.1–2.5 THz, exhibiting broadband and ultrafast determination of polarization states for linearly polarized THz waves at polarization angles from −90° to 90°. It is shown that optical excitation with ns pulses allows easy and efficient control of the polarimetric properties of such THz‐PoD. The essential role of the GST film in switching the phase transition between the amorphous and crystalline phases is emphasized by the theoretical investigation of the optically tunable ultrafast polarimetric mechanism of the device. This phase transition allows optically changing the THz‐PoD's properties by ns‐pulsed laser in a controlled way to achieve THz polarimetry for linearly polarized THz waves. The combined advantages of this strategy can open up a new and promising way for realizing versatile reconfigurable and integrated THz devices, which may further promote the development of novel THz systems and applications.
Understanding zwitterionic ring‐expansion polymerization through mass spectrometry
Authors: Ahmad Mahi , Grayson Scott M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZwitterionic ring‐expansion polymerization (ZREP) is a polymerization method in which a cyclic monomer is converted into a cyclic polymer through a zwitterionic intermediate. In this review, we explored the ZREP of various cyclic polymers and how mass spectrometry assists in identifying the product architectures and understanding their intricate reaction mechanism. For the majority of polymers (from a few thousand to a few million Da) matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry is the most effective mass spectrometry technique to determine the true molecular weight (MW) of the resultant product, but only when the dispersity is low (approximately below 1.2). The key topics covered in this study were the ZREP of cyclic polyesters, cyclic polyamides, and cyclic ethers. In addition, this study also addresses a number of other preliminary topics, including the ZREP of cyclic polycarbonates, cyclic polysiloxanes, and cyclic poly(alkylene phosphates). The purity and efficiency of those syntheses largely depend on the catalyst. Among several catalysts,N‐heterocyclic carbenes have exhibited high efficiency in the synthesis of cyclic polyesters and polyamides, whereas tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] is the most optimal catalyst for cyclic polyether synthesis.
Industrial agglomeration and corporate labor investment efficiency: A study based on the industry heterogeneity perspective
Authors: Guo Ke , Guo Xuemeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA research sample comprising 285 prefecture‐level cities and listed enterprises in China between 2005 and 2020 was handpicked to examine the impact of regional industrial agglomeration on the labor investment efficiency of enterprises, along with its heterogeneity effect. The research discovered that industrial agglomeration hinders the labor investment efficiency of enterprises in general. However, manufacturing agglomeration showed an inverted U‐shaped relationship with the labor investment efficiency of enterprises. Producer services agglomeration significantly hinders the labor investment efficiency of enterprises. The mechanism test results indicate that industrial agglomeration affects the labor investment efficiency of enterprises via the micro transmission mechanism of financing constraint and labor cost. Industry‐specific tests revealed that the effect of manufacturing agglomeration on labor investment efficiency is significant in technology‐intensive and high‐technology industries, whereas the effect of producer services agglomeration on labor investment efficiency is more significant in resource‐intensive industries. The heterogeneity study showed that the effect of industrial agglomeration on the labor investment efficiency of firms differs significantly based on firm characteristics. These findings offer a better comprehension of the microeconomic consequences of industrial agglomeration and broaden the research outlook on the intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic causal factors of enterprises' labor investment efficiency.