bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody contributes to heterosubtypic protection against influenza A-induced tachypnea in cotton rats
Authors: Straight Timothy M , Ottolini Martin G , Prince Gregory A , Eichelberger Maryna C 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
Influenza virus infection or vaccination evokes an antibody response to viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface glycoproteins, which results in immunity against influenza A viruses of the same HA and NA subtype. A heterosubtypic immune response that offers some protection against different influenza A subtypes has been suggested from epidemiologic studies in human influenza outbreaks, and has been induced in experimental animal models. Original studies of such cross-protection showed that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) protect H3N2-immune mice from a lethal H1N1 infection. More recent studies in mice demonstrate that antibodies also contribute to heterosubtypic immunity (HSI). We previously demonstrated that HSI in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) is characterized by protection of H3N2-immune animals from influenza H1N1-induced increase in respiratory rate (tachypnea). Alternatively, H1N1-immune animals are protected from H3N2-induced tachypnea. The experiments described in this report were designed to elucidate the immune mechanism that prevents this very early sign of disease.

Results
Our results show that cotton rats provided with H1N1-immune serum prior to challenge with an H3N2 virus were protected from influenza-associated tachypnea, with the degree of protection correlating with the antibody titer transferred. Immunization with an inactivated preparation of virus delivered intramuscularly also provided some protection suggesting that CTL and/or mucosal antibody responses are not required for protection. Antibodies specific for conserved epitopes present on the virus exterior are likely to facilitate this protection since prophylactic treatment of cotton rats with anti-M2e (the extracellular domain of M2) but not anti-nucleoprotein (NP) reduced virus-induced tachypnea.

Conclusion
In the cotton rat model of heterosubtypic immunity, humoral immunity plays a role in protecting animals from influenza-induced tachypea. Partial protection against respiratory disease caused by different influenza A subtypes can be attained with either live virus administered intranasally or inactivated virus delivered intramuscularly suggesting that either vaccine regimen may provide some protection against potential pandemic outbreaks in humans.
Dissecting the role of putative CD81 binding regions of E2 in mediating HCV entry: Putative CD81 binding region 1 is not involved in CD81 binding
Authors: Rothwangl Katharina B , Manicassamy Balaji , Uprichard Susan L , Rong Lijun 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) encodes two transmembrane glycoproteins E1 and E2 which form a heterodimer. E1 is believed to mediate fusion while E2 has been shown to bind cellular receptors including CD81. In this study, alanine substitutions in E2 were generated within putative CD81 binding regions to define residues critical for viral entry. The effect of each mutation was tested by challenging susceptible cell lines with mutant HCV E1E2 pseudotyped viruses generated using a lentiviral system (HCVpp). In addition to assaying infectivity, producer cell expression and HCVpp incorporation of HCV E1 and E2 proteins, CD81 binding profiles, and E1E2 association of mutants were examined.

Results
Based on these characteristics, mutants either displayed wt characteristics (high infectivity [≥ 50% of wt HCVpp], CD81 binding, E1E2 expression, association, and incorporation into viral particles and proper conformation) or segregated into 4 distinct low infectivity (≤ 50% of wt HCVpp) mutant phenotypes: (I) CD81 binding deficient (despite wt E1E2 expression, incorporation and association and proper conformation); (II) CD81 binding competent, but lack of E1 detection on the viral particle, (despite adequate E1E2 expression in producer cell lysates and proper conformation); (III) CD81 binding competent, with adequate E1E2 expression, incorporation, association, and proper E2 conformation (i.e. no defect identified to explain the reduced infectivity observed); (IV) CD81 binding deficient due to disruption of E2 mutant protein conformation.

Conclusion
Although most alanine substitutions within the putative CD81 binding region 1 (amino acids 474–492) displayed greatly reduced HCVpp infectivity, they retained soluble CD81 binding, proper E2 conformation, E1E2 association and incorporation into HCVpp suggesting that region 1 of E2 does not mediate binding to CD81. In contrast, conformationally correct E2 mutants (Y527 and W529) within the second putative CD81 binding region (amino acids 522–551) disrupted binding of E2 to CD81-GST, suggesting that region 2 is critical to CD81 binding. Likewise, all conformationally intact mutants within the third putative CD81 binding region (amino acids 612–619), except L615A, were important for E2 binding to CD81-GST. This region is highly conserved across genotypes, underlining its importance in mediating viral entry.
Postoperative gastric dilatation causing abdominal compartment syndrome
Authors: Mahajna Ahmad , Mitkal Sharon , Krausz Michael M 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Objective
To study the effect of postoperative gastric dilatation on intra-abdominal pressure (IAP).

Design and setting
Single case report from a primary teaching hospital.

Patients and methods
A 72-year-old woman demonstrated a sudden respiratory and cardiovascular collapse following resection of a retroperitoneal sarcoma. This collapse was caused by abdominal compartment syndrome due to gastric dilatation.

Results
The patient was re-explored, an enormously distended stomach was found with the nasogastric tube situated in a small sliding hernia which prevented drainage of the distended stomach. Re-positioning of the nasogastric tube, allowed the decompression of the stomach and the patient's condition immediately improved.

Conclusion
Acute abdominal distention following major abdominal surgery may result from acute gastric dilatation, leading to oliguria and increased airway pressures. Untreated gastric dilatation can cause abdominal compartment syndrome.
Endotoxemia down-regulates bone marrow lymphopoiesis but stimulates myelopoiesis: the effect of G6PD deficiency
Authors: Chandra Rachna , Villanueva Erika , Feketova Eleonora , Machiedo George W , Haskó György , Deitch Edwin A , Spolarics Zoltán 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBone marrow (BM) dysfunction is an important component of immunomodulation. This study investigated alterations in cell content, apoptotic responses, and cell proliferation in BM, blood, and spleen in endotoxemic mice (LPS from Escherichia coli). As the decreased antioxidant status associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has been shown to modulate the innate immune response, we also tested whether a G6PD mutation (80% decrease in cellular enzyme activity) alters BM responses during endotoxemia. LPS decreased BM myeloid (CD45+CD11b+) and B lymphoid (CD45+CD19+CD11b–) cell content compared with controls. In contrast, LPS increased CD11b+ myeloid but decreased T and B cell counts in the circulation. Endotoxemia inhibited spontaneous, heat shock, and H2O2-induced apoptosis as well as proliferative activity in BM lymphoid cells. In contrast, BM myeloid cell apoptosis was not altered, and their proliferative activity was increased during endotoxemia. Following LPS, splenic myeloid cell content was increased, and T and B cell content was unchanged; furthermore, splenocytes showed increased apoptosis compared with controls. BM cell content, including lymphoid and myeloid cells, was greater in G6PD mutant than wild-type (WT) mice, and LPS decreased BM cell counts to a greater degree in mutant than WT mice. Endotoxemia caused widespread inhibition of BM cytokine and chemokine production; however, IL-6 production was increased compared with controls. LPS-induced IL-6 production was decreased in G6PD mutant animals compared with WT. This study indicates that endotoxin inversely affects BM myeloid and lymphoid cell production. LPS-induced down-regulation of B cell production contributes to the generalized lymphopenia and lymphocyte dysfunction observed following nonspecific immune challenges.
Temperature Effects on Physical Properties and Mechanical Behavior of Granite: Experimental Investigation of Material Damage
Authors: Takarli Mokhfi , Prince-Agbodjan William 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of thermal treatment on physical and mechanical properties of a granitic rock is experimentally investigated. The open porosity, gas permeability, P-wave velocity (and their attenuation), ultimate strength, and Young’s modulus are measured on samples heated at temperatures ranging from 105°C to 600°C. First, results show good correlations between the evolution of physical properties and the amount of the damage induced by the thermal treatment. Second, the mechanical parameters are shown to be dependent on the microcracks’ density in the samples. The effect of temperature on the failure process in granite is also investigated using strain gauge measurements and permeability evolution in a uniaxial compressive test. The results show that the extent of the crack closure stage depends on the initial crack density and that the crack thresholds, which characterize the failure process of the rock under compressive loading, decrease with the thermal treatment.
Freeze‐Casting of Porous Ceramics: A Review of Current Achievements and Issues
Authors: Deville S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFreeze‐casting, the templating of porous structures by the solidification of a solvent, have seen a great deal of efforts during the last few years. Of particular interest are the unique structure and properties exhibited by porous freeze‐casted ceramics, which opened new opportunities in the field of cellular ceramics. The objective of this review is to provide a first understanding of the process as of today, with particular attention being paid on the underlying principles of the structure formation mechanisms and the influence of processing parameters on the structure. This analysis highlights the current limits of both the understanding and the control of the process. A few perspectives are given, with regards of the current achievements, interests and identified issues.
Towards Designing Stable Pd‐Based Membranes for Hydrogen Gas Separation: A Statistical Thermodynamics Approach
Authors: Nanu Diana E. , Böttger Amarante J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA method to design new, not yet synthesized, multicomponent alloys based on knowledge of binary alloys is applied to develop Pd‐alloys for membranes for gas separation. The approach couples the cluster variation method with effective pair potentials to describe the phase boundaries between theα‐solid solution (low hydrogen content) andβ‐hydride phases. The calculations illustrate (i) that the method can predictα − βphase boundaries of hydrogen in binary and ternary Pd‐alloys, (ii) how the relative interaction strengths of filled and empty interstitial sites influence the width of the miscibility gap, (iii) that the hydrogen absorption capacity of an alloy is related to the hydride phase stability and (iv) the presence of short range order of hydrogen inβ‐hydrides.
Oligophenylenevinylenes in Spatially Confined Nanochannels: Monitoring Intermolecular Interactions by UV/Vis and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Aloshyna Mariya , Medina Begoña Milián , Poulsen Lars , Moreau Juliette , Beljonne David , Cornil Jérôme , Di Silvestro Giuseppe , Cerminara Michele , Meinardi Francesco , Tubino Riccardo , Detert Heiner , Schrader Sigurd , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim , Botta Chiara , Gierschner Johannes 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPerhydrotriphenylene‐based channel‐forming inclusion compounds (ICs) and thin films made of polyphenylenevinylene (PPV)‐type oligomers with terminal alkoxy groups are investigated and compared in a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Interchromophore interactions and host‐guest interactions are elucidated by UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy. The impact of the local environment of the chromophore on the optical and photophysical properties is discussed in light of quantum‐chemical calculations. In stark contrast to thin films where preferential side‐by‐side orientation leads to quenching of photoluminescence (PL) via non‐emissive traps, the ICs are found to be attractive materials for opto‐electronic applications: they offer high chromophore concentrations, but at the same time behave as quasi‐isolated entities of tightly packed, well‐oriented objects with high PL quantum yields and the possibility of color tuning.
Biocompatible, Luminescent Silver@Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Core/Shell Nanospheres: Large‐Scale Synthesis and Application for In Vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Guo Shi‐Rui , Gong Jun‐Yan , Jiang Peng , Wu Mian , Lu Yang , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBiocompatible and green luminescent monodisperse silver/phenol formaldehyde resin core/shell spheres with controllable sizes, in the range of 180 to 1000 nm, and interesting architectures (centric, eccentric, and coenocytic core/shell spheres) have been synthesized by a facile one‐step hydrothermal approach. These spheres can be used as bioimaging labels for human lung cancer H1299 cells. The results demonstrate that the nanoparticles can be internalized into cells and exhibit no cytotoxic effects, showing that such novel biocompatible core/shell structures can potentially be used as in vivo bioimaging labels. This facile one‐pot polymerization and encapsulation technique may provide a useful tool to synthesize other core/shell particles that have potential application in biotechnology.
A Novel Ruthenium‐Phosphorus Amorphous Alloy Catalyst for Maltose Hydrogenation to Maltitol
Authors: Li Hui , Chu Dongsheng , Liu Jun , Qiao Minghua , Dai Weilin , Li Hexing 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA ruthenium‐phosphorus (Ru‐P) amorphous alloy catalyst was prepared by chemical reduction of ruthenium(III) ions [Ru3+] with hypophosphite [H2PO2−] in aqueous solution and was applied to the liquid‐phase hydrogenation of maltose. In comparison with other reference catalysts, Ru‐P showed significant activity as evident in the order: Ru‐P> Ru‐B≫ Ni‐P> Co‐P≫ Raney Ni. Furthermore, this catalyst was also found to be more durable during this hydrogenation process. Special emphasis was laid on a comparative study of Ru‐P and Ru‐B catalysts to get an insight into the excellent catalytic performances of Ru‐P.
Simply Modified Chiral Diphosphine: Catalyst Recycling via Non‐covalent Absorption on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Xing Liang , Xie Jian‐Hua , Chen Yong‐Sheng , Wang Li‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new type of recyclable chiral catalyst system was developed by absorption of pyrene‐modified Pyrphos rhodium catalyst onto carbon nanotubes via π‐π stacking interaction. This modified catalyst was successfully applied in the asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐dehydroamino esters for nine cycles without obvious deterioration of activity and enantioselectivity.
Brief communication: Paleopathology of the Kiik‐Koba 1 Neandertal
Authors: Trinkaus Erik , Maley Blaine , Buzhilova Alexandra P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Kiik‐Koba 1 Neandertal partial skeleton (canine, partial hands, partial leg, and feet), of a ≈40‐year‐old probable male, exhibits a suite of pathological lesions, including hypercementosis, minor fibrous ossifications, pedal phalangeal fracture, and pronounced enthesopathies on the patella and calcanei in the context of no articular degenerations. The first two sets of lesions are related to age in the context of advanced dental attrition and physical strains. The third lesion joins a series of healed minor traumatic lesions among the Neandertals. The last represents either pronounced tendinous inflammation, albeit in the context of no articular degenerations, or a case of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in the Late Pleistocene. Kiik‐Koba 1 therefore adds to the high incidence of pathological lesions among the Neandertals and, if a diagnosis of DISH is correct, to a high frequency of this disorder among older Neandertals. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbonsäuren als Substrate in der homogenen Katalyse
Authors: Gooßen Lukas J. , Rodríguez Nuria , Gooßen Käthe 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn organischen Molekülen zählen Carbonsäuregruppen zu den häufigsten Funktionalitäten. Seit langem dienen aktivierte Derivate der Carbonsäuren als vielseitige Anknüpfungspunkte bei Derivatisierungen und beim Aufbau von Kohlenstoffgerüsten. In den letzten Jahren sind zahlreiche katalytische Transformationen entdeckt worden, mit deren Hilfe Carbonsäuren ohne zusätzlichen Aktivierungsschritt direkt als Bausteine nutzbar werden. Über vielfältige Reaktionspfade wurde so aus dieser einzelnen Funktionalität eine große Zahl unterschiedlicher Produktklassen zugänglich. Der Vortitel illustriert einen wichtigen Grund dafür: In den Katalysezyklen kann aus Acylmetallkomplexen Kohlenmonoxidgas, aus Carboxylatkomplexen gasförmiges Kohlendioxid freigesetzt werden, wobei jeweils unterschiedliche metallorganische Spezies gebildet werden. So können Carbonsäuren zu Syntheseäquivalenten von Acyl‐, Aryl‐ oder Alkylhalogeniden sowie von metallorganischen Reagentien werden. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über interessante katalytische Transformationen von Carbonsäuren und einigen aus ihnen in situ zugänglichen Derivaten. Er soll dazu einladen, diese neuen Methoden zu ergänzen, weiter zu entwickeln und in der organischen Synthese einzusetzen.
Synthesis and properties of silicon‐containing bismaleimide resins
Authors: Tang Haoyu , Song Naiheng , Chen Xiaofang , Fan Xinghe , Zhou Qifeng 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo novel bismaleimide (BMI) monomers containing silicon atom in the structure, i.e., bis[4‐(4‐maleimidophenylcarbonyloxy)phenyl]dimethylsilane (BMI‐SiE1) and bis[4‐(4‐maleimidophenyloxycarbonyl)phenyl]dimethylsilane (BMI‐SiE2), were designed, synthesized, and polymerized with and without the use of diamine as comonomers to yield novel silicon‐containing BMI resins. Both monomers obtained are readily soluble in organic solvents, such as chloroform and N, N‐dimethylformamide. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis investigation of these two monomers indicated a high polymerization temperature (Tp > 240°C) and a good thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability of cured BMI resins. The onset temperature for 5% weight loss was found to be above 450°C in nitrogen and above 400°C in the air. Polymerization of BMI‐SiE1 and BMI‐SiE2 with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylether (DPE) yielded a series of polyaspartimides that had good solubility and could be thermally cured at 250°C. TGA investigations of the cured diamine‐modified BMI resins showed onset of degradation temperatures (Tds) in the range of 344–360°C in nitrogen and 332–360°C in the air. Composites based on the cured diamine‐modified BMI resins and glass cloth were prepared and characterized for their dynamic mechanical properties. All the composites showed high glass transition temperatures (e.g., >190°C) and high bending modulus in the range of 1000–2700 MPa. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Dielectric relaxation and Poole–Frenkel conduction in poly(vinyl chloride) blends with bisphenol A/Egyptian corncob resin
Authors: Ahmed M. A. , Hanafy T. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss index (ε″), direct‐current conductivity, and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of pure poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and blends of PVC and bisphenol A/Egyptian corncobs (BCC) were investigated at different temperatures. The relaxation processes for PVC and its blends revealed that PVC and BCC had an incompatible phase. PVC blends with 5 wt % BCC exhibited a peculiar I–V behavior. Both ε′ and ε″ were used to study miscibility and phase behavior in blends of PVC. The activation energies of all PVC samples were calculated. At higher voltages, the conduction mechanism could be identified as the Poole–Frenkel type. In addition, the ionic groups of BCC could enhance the PVC conductivity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A disposition kinetic study of tramadol in rat perfused liver
Authors: Rouini Mohammad‐Reza , Ghazi‐Khansari Mahmoud , Ardakani Yalda H. , Dasian Zahra , Lavasani Hoda 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA recirculated perfusion system was used to investigate the metabolism of tramadol, an analgesic agent, in the isolated perfused rat liver. Tramadol was added to the perfusion medium at a concentration of 300 ng/ml, and the perfusate samples were collected for 180 min. The concentration of tramadol and its three main metabolites O‐desmethyltramadol (M1) and N‐desmethyltramadol (M2) and N,O‐didesmethyltramadol (M5) were determined in perfusate samples by a rapid HPLC method. All through the study, the phase I metabolism of tramadol led to the formation of M1 metabolite from early sampling points while M5 metabolite was detectable after 50 min in 6 out of 10 perfused livers and the M2 metabolite was not detectable in any experiment. The kinetic parameters of tramadol and two detectable metabolites (M1 and M5) were then calculated in perfusate samples. The tramadol concentration decreased from 297.8 to 159.6 ng/ml, with a mean half‐life of 232.4 min and a hepatic clearance of 0.73 ml/min. After 180 min, the mean concentration of M1 reached 59.5 ng/ml, resulting in a metabolic ratio of 16%, while the formation of M5 metabolite continued to a mean concentration of 14.6 ng/ml resulting in a metabolic ratio of 2% using AUC(0−180min). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of selenium embryotoxicity in cultured postimplantation rat embryos
Authors: Usami Makoto , Mitsunaga Katsuyoshi , Nakazawa Ken , Doi Osamu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Developmental toxicity of selenium (Se) is a nutritional, environmental and medicinal concern. Here, we investigated Se embryotoxicity by proteomic analysis of cultured rat embryos. METHODS: Rat embryos at day 9.5 or 10.5 of gestation were cultured for 48 or 24 h, respectively, in the presence of sodium selenate (100 or 150 µM) or sodium selenite (20 or 30 µM). Proteins from the embryo proper and yolk sac membrane were analyzed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis for quantitative changes from those in control embryos. Proteins with quantitative changes were identified by mass spectrometric analysis. RESULTS: Growth inhibition and morphological abnormalities of cultured embryos were observed in all the Se treatment groups. By the analysis of the embryo proper, actin‐binding proteins were identified as proteins with quantitative changes by selenate: increased phosphorylated‐cofilin 1, increased phosphorylated‐destrin, decreased drebrin E, and decreased myosin light polypeptide 3. Many proteins showed similar changes between selenate and selenite, including increased ATP‐synthase, decreased acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0, and decreased pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase‐like. In the yolk sac membrane, antioxidant proteins were identified for protein spots with quantitative changes by selenite: increased peroxiredoxin 1 and increased glutathione S‐transferase. CONCLUSION: The identified proteins with quantitative changes by selenate or selenite were considered to be candidate proteins involved in Se embryotoxicity: the actin‐binding proteins for selenate embryotoxicity, proteins with the similar changes for the common Se embryotoxicity and antioxidant proteins for modification of Se embryotoxicity by redox‐related treatments. These proteins may also be used as biomarkers in developmental toxicity studies. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.