bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetaminophen influences musculoskeletal signaling but not adaptations to endurance exercise training
Authors: Roberts Brandon M. , Geddis Alyssa V. , Ciuciu Alexandra , Reynoso Marinaliz , Mehta Nikhil , Varanoske Alyssa N. , Kelley Alyssa M. , Walker Raymond J. , Munoz Rigoberto , Kolb Alexander L. , Staab Jeffery S. , Naimo Marshall A. , Tomlinson Ryan E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcetaminophen (ACE) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug with various applications, from pain relief to fever reduction. Recent studies have reported equivocal effects of habitual ACE intake on exercise performance, muscle growth, and risks to bone health. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of a 6‐week, low‐dose ACE regimen on muscle and bone adaptations in exercising and non‐exercising rats. Nine‐week‐old Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomized to an exercise or control (no exercise) condition with ACE or without (placebo). For the exercise condition, rats ran 5 days per week for 6 weeks at a 5% incline for 2 min at 15 cm/s, 2 min at 20 cm/s, and 26 min at 25 cm/s. A human equivalent dose of ACE was administered (379 mg/kg body weight) in drinking water and adjusted each week based on body weight. Food, water intake, and body weight were measured daily. At the beginning of week 6, animals in the exercise group completed a maximal treadmill test. At the end of week 6, rats were euthanized, and muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA), fiber type, and signaling pathways were measured. Additionally, three‐point bending and microcomputer tomography were measured in the femur. Follow‐up experiments in human primary muscle cells were used to explore supra‐physiological effects of ACE. Data were analyzed using a two‐way ANOVA for treatment (ACE or placebo) and condition (exercise or non‐exercise) for all animal outcomes. Data for cell culture experiments were analyzed via ANOVA. If omnibus significance was found in either ANOVA, a post hoc analysis was completed, and a Tukey's adjustment was used. ACE did not alter body weight, water intake, food intake, or treadmill performance (p > .05). There was a treatment‐by‐condition effect for Young's Modulus where placebo exercise was significantly lower than placebo control (p < .05). There was no treatment by condition effects for microCT measures, muscle CSA, fiber type, or mRNA expression. Phosphorylated‐AMPK was significantly increased with exercise (p < .05) and this was attenuated with ACE treatment. Furthermore, phospho‐4EBP1 was depressed in the exercise group compared to the control (p < .05) and increased in the ACE control and ACE exercise group compared to placebo exercise (p < .05). A low dose of ACE did not influence chronic musculoskeletal adaptations in exercising rodents but acutely attenuated AMPK phosphorylation and 4EBP1 dephosphorylation post‐exercise.
Telehealth Virtual Simulation Across the Family Nurse Practitioner Curriculum
Authors: Wittler Ashley , Perez Amelia , Griffin Valerie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing recognizes telehealth education as an essential aspect of nurse practitioner (NP) education because it increases accessibility to health care. Studies reported in the literature have focused on NP telehealth simulation, but findings for the inclusion of simulation in multiple courses throughout the curriculum are scarce. This pre- and post-survey design study aimed to evaluate family nurse practitioner students’ perceptions of knowledge, confidence, and attitudes regarding telehealth before and after engaging in telehealth virtual simulations in six courses. Simulations were rated highly and telehealth knowledge increased in three of the six courses.
Changing global epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C virus-related outcomes from 2010 to 2019: cirrhosis is the growing burden of hepatitis C virus-related disease
Authors: Pham Yen Thi-Hai , Huang Daniel Q. , Zhang Zhongjie , Ng Cheng Han , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Nguyen Hiep C. , Nguyen Tin C. , Behari Jaideep , Yuan Jian-Min , Luu Hung N. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a long-term impact on hepatic consequences. A comprehensive evaluation of the global burden of HCV-related health outcomes can help to develop a global HCV prevention and treatment program.

Methods
We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to comprehensively investigate burden and temporal trends in incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of HCV-related diseases, including liver cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases across 264 countries and territories from 2010 to 2019.

Results
Globally, there were 152 225 incident cases, 141 811 deaths and approximately 2.9 million DALYs because of HCV-related liver cancer, and 551 668 incident cases, 395 022 deaths and about 12.2 million DALYs because of HCV-related cirrhosis in 2019. Worldwide, during the 2010–2019 period, liver cancer incidence declined, however, there was a 62% increase in cirrhosis incidence. In 2019, the Eastern Mediterranean was the region with the highest rates of incidence and mortality of both liver cancer and cirrhosis. Africa was the region with the fastest-growing trend of incidence of cirrhosis in the 2010–2019 period [annual percentage change (APC) = 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93–2.25], followed by the Western Pacific region (APC = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.22). Americas were the only region observing increased trends in liver cancer and cirrhosis mortality (APC = 0.70 and 0.12, respectively). We identified three patterns of temporal trends of mortality rates of liver cancer and cirrhosis in countries that reported HCV treatment rates.

Conclusion
Urgent measures are required for diagnosis, treatment and research on HCV-related cirrhosis at global, regional and country levels, particularly in Africa, the Western Pacific and the Eastern Mediterranean.
Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Among African-born Black Women in California, 2011–2020
Authors: McKenzie-Sampson Safyer , Baer Rebecca J. , Chambers Butcher Brittany D. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. , Karasek Deborah , Oltman Scott P. , Riddell Corinne A. , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Torres Jacqueline M. , Blebu Bridgette E. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
African-born women have a lower risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) birth compared with United States-born Black women, however variation by country of origin is overlooked. Additionally, the extent that nativity disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes to Black women are explained by individual-level factors remains unclear.

Methods:
We conducted a population-based study of nonanomalous singleton live births to United States- and African-born Black women in California from 2011 to 2020 (n = 194,320). We used age-adjusted Poisson regression models to estimate the risk of preterm birth and SGA and reported risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Decomposition using Monte Carlo integration of the g-formula computed the percentage of disparities in adverse outcomes between United States- and African-born women explained by individual-level factors.

Results:
Eritrean women (RR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.3, 0.5) had the largest differences in risk of preterm birth and Cameroonian women (RR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3, 0.6) in SGA birth, compared with United States-born Black women. Ghanaian women had smaller differences in risk of preterm birth (RR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.7, 1.0) and SGA (RR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.8, 1.1) compared with United States-born women. Overall, we estimate that absolute differences in socio-demographic and clinical factors contributed to 32% of nativity-based disparities in the risk of preterm birth and 26% of disparities in SGA.

Conclusions:
We observed heterogeneity in risk of adverse perinatal outcomes for African- compared with United States-born Black women, suggesting that nativity disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes were not fully explained by differences in individual-level factors.
The Impact of the Linear No-threshold Hypothesis on Litigation
Authors: Fellman Alan , Wiedis Dave 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As the basis of radiation safety practice and regulations worldwide, the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis exerts enormous influence throughout society. This includes our judicial system, where frivolous lawsuits are filed alleging radiation-induced health effects caused by negligent companies who subject unwitting victims to enormous financial and physical harm. Typically, despite the lack of any supporting scientific basis, these cases result in enormous costs to organizations, insurance companies, and consumers.
A Review of Recent Low-dose Research and Recommendations for Moving Forward
Authors: Wilson Charles , Adams Grace G. , Patel Pooja , Windham Kiran , Ennis Colby , Caffrey Emily 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The linear no-threshold (LNT) model has been the regulatory “law of the land” for decades. Despite the long-standing use of LNT, there is significant ongoing scientific disagreement on the applicability of LNT to low-dose radiation risk. A review of the low-dose risk literature of the last 10 y does not provide a clear answer, but rather the body of literature seems to be split between LNT, non-linear risk functions (e.g., supra- or sub-linear), and hormetic models. Furthermore, recent studies have started to explore whether radiation can play a role in the development of several non-cancer effects, such as heart disease, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes, the mechanisms of which are still being explored. Based on this review, there is insufficient evidence to replace LNT as the regulatory model despite the fact that it contributes to public radiophobia, unpreparedness in radiation emergency response, and extreme cleanup costs both following radiological or nuclear incidents and for routine decommissioning of nuclear power plants. Rather, additional research is needed to further understand the implications of low doses of radiation. The authors present an approach to meaningfully contribute to the science of low-dose research that incorporates machine learning and Edisonian approaches to data analysis.
EXAMINATION OF GALACTOMANNAN LEVELS IN INTRAOCULAR FLUID TO ASSIST THE DIAGNOSIS OF ASPERGILLUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS
Authors: Yu Ting , Chen Li , Qian Zhuyun , Tao Yong 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the utility of galactomannan testing of intraocular fluid in the diagnosis of Aspergillus endophthalmitis (AE).

Methods:
This retrospective study enrolled three groups of patients, including those with 17 eyes with AE; 20 eyes with intraocular infection of bacteria, viruses, or other fungi; and 19 eyes with cataract. Intraocular fluid from all these patients was collected for galactomannan testing. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curves and diagnostic significance were analyzed.

Results:
The mean optical density index (ODI) of galactomannan was 5.77 ± 1.73 in the AE group, which was significantly higher than that in the non-Aspergillus intraocular infection group (0.19 ± 0.11, P < 0.001) and the negative control group (0.29 ± 0.27, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) was 1.00 (95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.00; P < 0.001) in the AE group and the other two groups. At a cutoff optical density index of 1.88, the sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 100.0%, respectively, and the Youden index reached its highest value of 1.00.

Conclusion:
Galactomannan testing of intraocular fluid indicated good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of AE, thereby promising a rapid diagnostic modality for AE.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRAUMATIC RETINAL DETACHMENT AFTER OPEN AND CLOSED GLOBE INJURIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Wenzel Daniel A. , Gassel Caroline J. , Druchkiv Vasyl , Neubauer Jonas , Bartz-Schmidt Karl Ulrich , Dimopoulos Spyridon 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Pediatric traumatic retinal detachment (RD) resulting from open globe injuries (OGIs) or closed globe injuries (CGIs) presents unique challenges due to complexity often resulting in lifelong sequelae. This study compares pediatric traumatic RD outcomes and prognostic factors following OGI and CGI.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis reviewed 47 cases of pediatric traumatic RD in children (age <18 years), who underwent RD surgery between 2002 and 2021. Among them, 25 cases were caused by CGI and 22 cases by OGI. Demographics, RD characteristics, surgical procedures, and anatomical and functional results were assessed. Predictive factors for visual outcomes were investigated.

Results:
In the CGI group, mean (±SD) age was 11 years ± 4 years, and 10 years ± 5 years in the OGI group. Closed globe injury traumatic RD had significantly better preoperative (CGI: logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 1.39 ± 0.19 (mean ± standard error); OGI: logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 2.12 ± 0.20) and follow-up (CGI: logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.94 ± 0.19; OGI: logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 1.85 ± 0.20) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P < 0.05). Initial BCVA improvement was observed in CGI only. In multivariable analysis, prognostic factors for favorable BCVA outcomes included higher preoperative BCVA, older age, and absence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Visual prognosis for pediatric traumatic RD remains limited, favoring CGI cases compared with OGI. Baseline BCVA emerged as a major determinant of final visual acuity. Tailored management approaches can optimize treatment results.
Evolution of Autoimmune Retinopathy in Stiff Person Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Nipp Grace E. , Woodward Richmond , Gross Andrew , Deaner Jordan , Grewal Dilraj S. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) as the presenting feature of Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) and assess its evolution.

Observations:
A 35-year-old man presented with progressive, chronic, vision loss. On initial examination, visual acuity measured 20/20 OD and 20/50 OS. Humphrey Visual Field testing (HVF) demonstrated decreased foveal threshold OU. Mild subfoveal ellipsoid zone loss was noted on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Five years later the patient presented with painful lower extremity muscle spasms and stiffness and complained of increasing vision loss with difficulty distinguishing colors. OCT showed marked progression of ellipsoid zone loss. Scotoma were demonstrated on HVF and electroretinography demonstrated reduced responses consistent with bilateral severe maculopathy. Serum testing showed autoantibodies to the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kilodalton isoform (GAD65) at a high titer and a diagnosis of AIR in the setting of SPS was made. A systemic workup for malignancy was negative. The patient was treated with IVIG and transitioned to rituximab with improvement in systemic symptoms.

Conclusions
and Importance: Unlike previous cases of AIR in the setting of SPS, vision symptoms and OCT changes presented years before the onset of muscle spasms. Etiologies such as SPS should be on the differential of unexplained retinopathy, even in the absence of systemic symptoms, especially when paraneoplastic etiologies are ruled out.
Primary palliative care in the ICU
Authors: Boling Bryan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Despite the best efforts of modern health care and critical care providers, many patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) will still die each year. The need for palliative care services in the ICU is common. Although specialty palliative care services provide excellent care and are a tremendous resource, every critical care provider should be able to provide the basics of palliative care themselves through the model of primary palliative care. Although it may be uncomfortable for the critical care provider at first, providing palliative care to our ICU patients can be a very rewarding experience. In this article, I discuss best practices for handling difficult conversations with patients and their families, helping patients and families make difficult decisions regarding the goals of care, and managing symptoms at the end of life.
Movement as a Gateway to Participation for Individuals With Neuromotor Conditions: A Scoping Review
Authors: Flores Megan B. , Tovin Melissa Moran , Gill Simone V. , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:The purpose of this scoping review was to examine and analyze the developmental and rehabilitation literature related to movement and participation at key points of transition for individuals with neuromotor conditions.Methods:Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review protocol was applied, and 37 articles were included. Extracted data included population, developmental transition points, movement opportunity, type of participation, and outcome measures.Results:Most studies covered developmental transition points; none examined transitions as a variable for participation outcomes. Physical activity/exercise was the most common movement opportunity. Most publications used formal outcome measures of participation; others used observation or interviews.Conclusion:No publications adequately addressed the effect of movement opportunities on participation during developmental transition points.
Inspiratory Training for Improving Respiratory Strength, Pulmonary Function, and Walking in Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Menezes Kênia K.P. , Avelino Patrick R. , Alvarenga Maria T.M. , Nascimento Lucas R. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of inspiratory strength training on respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and walking capacity in children with cerebral palsy, with Gross Motor Function Classification System I to III.

Methods:
Searches were conducted in CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases. The outcomes of interest were respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and walking capacity. The quality was assessed by PEDro Scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to summarize the quality of evidence.

Results:
Inspiratory strength training increased the strength of inspiratory muscles and may increase the strength of the expiratory muscles. No changes were observed in pulmonary function or walking capacity.

Conclusions:
This systematic review provides moderate-quality evidence that inspiratory strength training is effective for increasing inspiratory muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy. Benefits may be carried over to improving expiratory muscle strength but were not observed on pulmonary function or walking capacity.
Three-Dimensional Instrumented Gait Analysis for Children With Cerebral Palsy: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: States Rebecca A. , Salem Yasser , Krzak Joseph J. , Godwin Ellen M. , McMulkin Mark L. , Kaplan Sandra L. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) who walk have complex gait patterns and deviations often requiring physical therapy (PT)/medical/surgical interventions. Walking in children with CP can be assessed with 3-dimensional instrumented gait analysis (3D-IGA) providing kinematics (joint angles), kinetics (joint moments/powers), and muscle activity.

Purpose:
This clinical practice guideline provides PTs, physicians, and associated clinicians involved in the care of children with CP, with 7 action statements on when and how 3D-IGA can inform clinical assessments and potential interventions. It links the action statement grades with specific levels of evidence based on a critical appraisal of the literature.

Conclusions:
This clinical practice guideline addresses 3D-IGA’s utility to inform surgical and non-surgical interventions, to identify gait deviations among segments/joints and planes and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. Best practice statements provide guidance for clinicians about the preferred characteristics of 3D-IGA laboratories including instrumentation, staffing, and reporting practices.
Video Abstract: Supplemental digital content available at http://links.lww.com/PPT/A524.
Patient Portal Enrollment for Discharged Pediatric Emergency Department Patients: A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Isbey Sarah C. , Morrison Sephora N. , Burroughs Sonya M. , Kline Jaclyn N. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Patient portal enrollment following pediatric emergency department (ED) visits allows access to critical results, physician documentation, and telehealth follow-up options. Despite these advantages, there are many challenges to portal invitation and enrollment. Our primary objective was to improve patient portal enrollment rates for discharged pediatric ED patients.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary team of staff from two ED sites developed successful portal enrollment interventions through sequential Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles from October 2020 to October 2021. Interventions included a new invitation process, changes to patient paperwork on ED arrival, staff portal education, and changes to discharge paperwork and the portal website. The team utilized statistical process control charts to track the percentage of eligible discharged patients who received a portal invitation (process measure) and enrolled in the patient portal.

Results:
Before the study’s initiation, less than 1% of eligible patients received patient portal invites or enrolled in the patient portal. Statistical process control charts revealed significant changes in enrollment and baseline shift at both a large academic ED campus and a satellite ED site by May 2021. Improvements in invitation rates were also observed at both campuses. Changes were sustained for over 6 months at both locations.

Conclusions:
High-reliability interventions and a multidisciplinary approach allowed for significant and sustained improvement in patient portal invitation and enrollment rates in eligible pediatric ED patients. Future study will examine enrollment patterns across patient demographics and further high-reliability interventions.
Formative Evaluation of CLABSI Adoption and Sustainment Interventions in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Patton Lindsey J. , Morris Angelica , Nash Amanda , Richards Kendel , Huntington Leslie , Batchelor Lori , Harris Jenna , Young Virginia , Howe Carol J. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Pediatric patients require central venous catheters to maintain adequate hydration, nutritional status, and delivery of life-saving medications in the pediatric intensive care unit. Although central venous catheters provide critical medical therapies, their use increases the risk of severe infection, morbidity, and mortality. Adopting an evidence-based central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) bundle to guide nursing practice can decrease and sustain low CLABSI rates, but reliable and consistent implementation is challenging. This study aimed to conduct a mixed-methods formative evaluation to explore CLABSI bundle implementation strategies in a PICU.

Methods:
The team used The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to develop the interview guide and data analysis plan.

Results:
Facilitators and barriers for the CLABSI bundle occurred in four domains: inner setting, process, characteristics of individuals, and innovation characteristics in each cycle that led to recommended implementation strategy opportunities. The champion role was a major implementation strategy that facilitated the adoption and sustainment of the CLABSI bundle.

Conclusions:
Implementation Science Frameworks, such as Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), can be a beneficial framework to guide quality improvement efforts for evidence-based practices such as the CLABSI bundle. Using a champion role in the critical care setting may be an important implementation strategy for CLABSI bundle adoption and sustainment efforts.