bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factor Price Equalization in a World of Many Trading Countries
Authors: Kemp Murray C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractConditions sufficient for factor price equalization within any non‐trivial subset of trading countries are provided. The conditions are that (a) the factor endowment ratios of countries in the subset are all bounded by the factors‐in‐use ratios in an equilibrium of the hypothetical world economy in which factors are perfectly mobile within the subset, and that (b) in dimensions higher than two, either the rank of the factors‐in‐use matrix is 2 or products do not outnumber factors and the factors‐in‐use matrix is of full rank.
Child ADHD and personality/temperament traits of reactive and effortful control, resiliency, and emotionality
Authors: Martel Michelle M. , Nigg Joel T. 
Published: June 2006

Background:  Models of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest developmental influences may feed into components of the disorder separately from associated disruptive behavior problems. We investigated this in terms of key personality/temperament traits of Reactive and Effortful Control, Resiliency, and Emotionality.Methods:  A sample of 179 children (age 6–12, 63% boys), of whom 92 had ADHD, 52 were Controls, and 35 were borderline or not otherwise specified cases of ADHD, were examined. Dispositional trait scores were derived from parent‐completed California Q‐sort and the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. Child ADHD symptoms were evaluated using maternal structured diagnostic interview and teacher‐completed symptom ratings.Results:  Traits were differentially associated with symptoms. Reactive Control was related to hyperactivity‐impulsivity as rated by both parents and teachers. Negative Emotionality was related to oppositional‐defiance. Resiliency was primarily related to inattention‐disorganization as rated by both parents and teachers; Effortful Control was related uniquely to inattention in parent but not teacher data. A moderation effect emerged; the relationship between parent‐rated Negative Emotionality and teacher‐rated ADHD symptoms was stronger for children with high levels of both Reactive and Effortful Control.Conclusions:  Results are interpreted in relation to a two‐pathway model of ADHD; regulation problems contribute to the emergence of symptoms of inattention‐disorganization, reactive or motivational control problems to the emergence of hyperactivity‐impulsivity, and these are distinct from negative affectivity. Children with regulation deficits and a reactive motivational style are especially at risk for the development of ADHD.
Identification of 10 microsatellite loci in the earwig Labidura riparia (Dermaptera, Labiduridae)
Authors: GUETH MAREIKE , DURKA WALTER 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTen microsatellite loci were isolated from the earwig Labidura riparia (Pallas, 1773). The polymorphism of the loci was assessed in 24 individuals from one population. The number of alleles ranged from four to 11 alleles and observed and expected heterozygosities from 0.250 to 0.833 and from 0.551 to 0.861, respectively.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci to study population dynamics in a dragonfly, the libellulid Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839)
Authors: GIERE SANDRA , HADRYS HEIKE 
Published: June 2006

AbstractOne of the most widely distributed dragonfly species in Africa is the red‐veined‐dropwing Trithemis arteriosa. It is an indicator for permanent water bodies, which are freshwater ecosystems of high environmental value especially in arid regions. For studies to determine population structures, assess species viability and monitor environmental changes, a panel of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci was developed. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 12, with an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.149 to 0.843.
Impact of Alternative Interventions on Changes in Generic Dispensing Rates
Authors: O'Malley A. James , Frank Richard G. , Kaddis Atheer , Rothenberg Barbara M. , McNeil Barbara J. 
Published: June 2006

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of four alternative interventions (member mailings, advertising campaigns, free generic drug samples to physicians, and physician financial incentives) used by a major health insurer to encourage its members to switch to generic drugs.Methods. Using claim‐level data from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, we evaluated the success of four interventions implemented during 2000–2003 designed to increase the use of generic drugs among its members. Around 13 million claims involving seven important classes of drugs were used to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. For each intervention a control group was developed that most closely resembled the corresponding intervention group. Logistic regression models with interaction effects between the treatment group (intervention versus control) and the status of the intervention (active versus not active) were used to evaluate if the interventions had an effect on the generic dispensing rate (GDR). Because the mail order pharmacy was considered more aggressive at converting prescriptions to generics, separate generic purchasing models were fitted to retail and mail order claims. In secondary analyses separate models were also fitted to claims involving a new condition and claims refilled for preexisting conditions.Results. The interventions did not appear to increase the market penetration of generic drugs for either retail or mail order claims, or for claims involving new or preexisting conditions. In addition, we found that the ratio of copayments for brand name to generic drugs had a large positive effect on the GDR.Conclusions. The interventions did not appear to directly influence the GDR. Financial incentives expressed to consumers through benefit designs have a large influence on their switching to generic drugs and on the less‐costly mail‐order mode of purchase.
Diagnostic Value of Flecainide Testing in Unmasking SCN5A‐Related Brugada Syndrome
Authors: MEREGALLI PAOLA G. , RUIJTER JAN M. , HOFMAN NYNKE , BEZZINA CONNIE R. , WILDE ARTHUR A.M. , TAN HANNO L. 
Published: June 2006

Introduction: Provocation tests with sodium channel blockers are often required to unmask ECG abnormalities in Brugada syndrome (BrS). However, their diagnostic value is only partially established, while life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias during these tests were reported. We aimed to establish sensitivity, specificity, and safety of flecainide testing, and to predict a positive test outcome from the baseline ECG. Methods and Results: We performed 160 tests with flecainide in subjects determined to be at risk for BrS. P wave width, PQ duration, QRS width, S wave amplitude and duration in leads II‐III, in addition to ST morphology and J point elevation in V1‐V3 were measured before and after flecainide administration. Moreover, leads were positioned over the third intercostal space (V1IC3‐V2IC3). Flecainide tests were considered positive if criteria from the First Consensus Report on BrS were fulfilled. In 64 cases, the test was positive, while 95 were negative (1 test was prematurely interrupted). The sensitivity and specificity, calculated in SCN5A‐positive probands and their family members, were 77% and 80%, respectively. Baseline ECGs exhibited significant group differences in P, PQ, and QRS duration, J point elevation (leads V1‐V2 and V1IC3‐V2IC3), and S duration in II, but an attempt to predict the outcome of flecainide testing from these baseline ECG parameters failed. No malignant arrhythmias were observed. Conclusion: Flecainide testing is a valid and safe tool to identify SCN5A‐related BrS patients. Baseline ECGs do not predict test outcomes, but point to conduction slowing as a core mechanism in BrS.
Masses and angular momenta of contact binary stars
Authors: Gazeas K. D. , Niarchos P. G. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Results are presented on component masses and system angular momenta for over 100 low-temperature contact binaries. It is found that the secondary components in close binary systems are very similar in mass. Our observational evidence strongly supports the argument that the evolutionary process goes from near-contact binaries to A-type contact binaries, without any need of mass loss from the system. Furthermore, the evolutionary direction of A-type into W-type systems with a simultaneous mass and angular momentum loss is also discussed. The opposite direction of evolution seems to be unlikely, since it requires an increase of the total mass and the angular momentum of the system.
Information content in the halo-model dark-matter power spectrum
Authors: Neyrinck Mark C. , Szapudi István , Rimes Christopher D. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Using the halo model, we investigate the cosmological Fisher information in the non-linear dark-matter power spectrum about the initial amplitude of linear power. We find that there is little information on ‘translinear’ scales (where the one- and two-halo terms are both significant) beyond what is on linear scales, but that additional information is present on small scales, where the one-halo term dominates. This behaviour agrees with the surprising results that Rimes & Hamilton found using N-body simulations. We argue that the translinear plateau in cumulative information arises largely from fluctuations in the numbers of large haloes in a finite volume. This implies that more information could be extracted on non-linear scales if the masses of the largest haloes in a survey are known.
Relation Between Stochastic Failure Location and Strength in Brittle Materials
Authors: Givli Sefi , Altus Eli 
Published: June 2006

AbstractStatistical characteristics of failure location and their relation to strength in brittle materials are studied. One-dimensional rod and bending of a beam under arbitrary distributed loads are studied as examples. The analysis is based on the weakest link approach, and is not confined to specific strength distributions (such as Weibull, Gaussian, etc.). It is found that the statistical moments of the failure location (average, variance, etc.) are directly related to the area moments (centroid, inertia, etc.) of a simple function of the stress field. Therefore, important information related to material strength can be experimentally obtained based on measuring failure locations. Such experiments do not require the measurement of stresses, strains, or displacements, and are very attractive for MEMS/NEMS applications. The approach is general and can be applied to other types of testing specimens.
On the Crashworthiness
of Shear-Rigid Sandwich Structures
Authors: Mohr Dirk , Wierzbicki Tomasz 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
This paper deals with the evaluation of the crashworthiness of thin-walled sandwich box structures for automotive applications. Quasi-static crushing simulations are carried out to estimate the energy absorption of prismatic box columns made from sandwich sheets. The sandwich sheets have perforated cores of different densities with staggered holes perpendicular to the panel faces. It is found that the specific energy absorption of columns made of sandwich sheets is approximately the same as that of conventional columns composed of homogeneous sheets of the same total wall thickness. Furthermore, theoretical analysis indicates that by increasing the core thickness, sandwich structures could be up to 50% lighter while providing the same mean crushing force. However, these gains may not be achieved in practical applications since increasing the core thickness also increases the likelihood of premature face sheet fracture during crushing.
Space use by Eurasian lynx in relation to reindeer migration
Authors: Danell Anna C. , Andrén Henrik , Segerström Peter , Franzén Robert 
Published: June 2006

Semi-domesticated reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus (L., 1758)) is the primary prey of Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx (L., 1758)) in northern Sweden. The reindeer migrate between winter range in the forest and summer range in the mountains, a distance of 100–150 km. We studied space use by Eurasian lynx in relation to seasonal fluctuations of their primary prey in northern Sweden. The seasonal activity range sizes for males and single females were not significantly different between the three periods of the year (December–April, May–July, and August–November). The activity range size for family groups (i.e., female with kittens) was significantly smaller during summer than during autumn and winter. The mean distance between the centre of an individual lynx's activity range in one season to the centre of the activity range in the season immediately following did not differ significantly between seasons; mean distances were 6.6 km for males, 7.3 km for single females, and 8.4 km for family groups. This is about one order of magnitude shorter than the distance between summer and winter ranges for reindeer (100–150 km). The grand mean overlap between a lynx's activity range in one season and the next season was more than 40%. Hence, Eurasian lynx in northern Sweden do not appear to move with the migrating semi-domesticated reindeer.
Tissue-transglutaminase contributes to neutrophil granulocyte differentiation and functions
Authors: Balajthy Zoltán , Csomós Krisztián , Vámosi György , Szántó Attila , Lanotte Michel , Fésüs László 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPromyelocytic NB4 leukemia cells undergo differentiation to granulocytes following retinoic acid treatment. Here we report that tissue transglutaminase (TG2), a protein cross-linking enzyme, was induced, then partially translocated into the nucleus, and became strongly associated with the chromatin during the differentiation process. The transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-link content of both the cytosolic and the nuclear protein fractions increased while NB4 cells underwent cellular maturation. Inhibition of cross-linking activity of TG2 by monodansylcadaverin in these cells led to diminished nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) positivity, production of less superoxide anion, and decreased expression of GP91PHOX, the membrane-associated subunit of NADPH oxidase. Neutrophils isolated from TG2–/– mice showed diminished NBT reduction capacity, reduced superoxide anion formation, and down-regulation of the gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, compared with wild-type cells. It was also observed that TG2–/– mice exhibited increased neutrophil phagocytic activity, but had attenuated neutrophil chemotaxis and impaired neutrophil extravasation with higher neutrophil counts in their circulation during yeast extract–induced peritonitis. These results clearly suggest that TG2 may modulate the expression of genes related to neutrophil functions and is involved in several intracellular and extracellular functions of extravasating neutrophil.
A critical role for the transcription factor Scl in platelet production during stress thrombopoiesis
Authors: McCormack Matthew P. , Hall Mark A. , Schoenwaelder Simone M. , Zhao Quan , Ellis Sarah , Prentice Julia A. , Clarke Ashleigh J. , Slater Nicholas J. , Salmon Jessica M. , Jackson Shaun P. , Jane Stephen M. , Curtis David J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe generation of platelets from megakaryocytes in the steady state is regulated by a variety of cytokines and transcription factors, including thrombopoietin (TPO), GATA-1, and NF-E2. Less is known about platelet production in the setting of stress thrombopoiesis, a pivotal event in the context of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here we show in mice that the transcription factor Scl is critical for platelet production after chemotherapy and in thrombopoiesis induced by administration of TPO. Megakaryocytes from these mice showed appropriate increases in number and ploidy but failed to shed platelets. Ultrastructural examination of Scl-null megakaryocytes revealed a disorganized demarcation membrane and reduction in platelet granules. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that Scl-null platelets lacked NF-E2, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated Scl binding to the NF-E2 promoter in the human megakaryoblastic-cell line Meg-01, along with its binding partners E47, Lmo2, and the cofactors Ldb1 and GATA-2. These findings suggest that Scl acts up-stream of NF-E2 expression to control megakaryocyte development and platelet release in settings of thrombopoietic stress.
Expansion of FOXP3high regulatory T cells by human dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and after injection of cytokine-matured DCs in myeloma patients
Authors: Banerjee Devi K. , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Matayeva Elyana , Steinman Ralph M. , Dhodapkar Kavita M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg's) play an important role in the maintenance of immune tolerance. The mechanisms controlling the induction and maintenance of Treg's in humans need to be defined. We find that human myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are superior to other antigen presenting cells for the maintenance of FOXP3+ Treg's in culture. Coculture of DCs with autologous T cells leads to an increase in both the number of Treg's, as well as the expression of FOXP3 protein per cell both in healthy donors and myeloma patients. DC-mediated expansion of FOXP3high Treg's is enhanced by endogenous but not exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2), and DC-T-cell contact, including the CD80/CD86 membrane costimulatory molecules. DCs also stimulate the formation of Treg's from CD25- T cells. The efficacy of induction of Treg's by DCs depends on the nature of the DC maturation stimulus, with inflammatory cytokine-treated DCs (Cyt-DCs) being the most effective Treg inducers. DC-induced Treg's from both healthy donors and patients with myeloma are functional and effectively suppress T-cell responses. A single injection of cytokine-matured DCs led to rapid enhancement of FOXP3+ Treg's in vivo in 3 of 3 myeloma patients. These data reveal a role for DCs in increasing the number of functional FOXP3high Treg's in humans.
Immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (rHBV) in recipients of unrelated or related allogeneic hematopoietic cell (HC) transplants
Authors: Jaffe Dana , Papadopoulos Esperanza B. , Young James W. , O'Reilly Richard J. , Prockop Susan , Kernan Nancy A. , Jakubowski Ann , Boulad Farid , Perales Miguel-Angel , Castro-Malaspina Hugo , Small Trudy N. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Current European and US guidelines for recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (rHBV) after hematopoietic-cell transplantation (HCT) vary. The European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) recommends rHBV starting 6 to 12 months after HCT. Immunization is optional in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. Nevertheless, rHBV is required for re-entry to school and certain workplaces. To determine the immunogenicity of rHBV following HCT, the prevaccine and postvaccine titers of 292 allogeneic transplant recipients who were immunized with rHBV were analyzed. Immunization was initiated in patients off immunosuppression who achieved specific minimal milestones of immune competence. Overall, 64% of patients seroconverted. In multivariate analyses, response was adversely affected by age older than 18 years (P < .01) and history of prior chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; P < .001) but not by donor type or by use of T-cell depletion, adoptive immunotherapy, or rituximab. By comparison, 89% of rHBV nonresponders mounted a 3-fold or greater rise in polio titers following 3 doses of inactivated poliovirus. These data demonstrate that the rate of seroconversion following rHBV is lower in allogeneic HC transplant recipients compared with age-matched healthy controls. The data emphasize the need to document prevaccine and postvaccine titers to ensure response and suggest that immunization guidelines based on time interval from HCT, irrespective of immune competence, may not ensure adequate protection against certain vaccine-preventable diseases.
MeMo: a hybrid SQL/XML approach to metabolomic data management for functional genomics
Authors: Spasić Irena , Dunn Warwick B , Velarde Giles , Tseng Andy , Jenkins Helen , Hardy Nigel , Oliver Stephen G , Kell Douglas B 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
The genome sequencing projects have shown our limited knowledge regarding gene function, e.g. S. cerevisiae has 5–6,000 genes of which nearly 1,000 have an uncertain function. Their gross influence on the behaviour of the cell can be observed using large-scale metabolomic studies. The metabolomic data produced need to be structured and annotated in a machine-usable form to facilitate the exploration of the hidden links between the genes and their functions.

Description
MeMo is a formal model for representing metabolomic data and the associated metadata. Two predominant platforms (SQL and XML) are used to encode the model. MeMo has been implemented as a relational database using a hybrid approach combining the advantages of the two technologies. It represents a practical solution for handling the sheer volume and complexity of the metabolomic data effectively and efficiently. The MeMo model and the associated software are available at http://dbkgroup.org/memo/.

Conclusion
The maturity of relational database technology is used to support efficient data processing. The scalability and self-descriptiveness of XML are used to simplify the relational schema and facilitate the extensibility of the model necessitated by the creation of new experimental techniques. Special consideration is given to data integration issues as part of the systems biology agenda. MeMo has been physically integrated and cross-linked to related metabolomic and genomic databases. Semantic integration with other relevant databases has been supported through ontological annotation. Compatibility with other data formats is supported by automatic conversion.
Automated in-silico detection of cell populations in flow cytometry readouts and its application to leukemia disease monitoring
Authors: Toedling Joern , Rhein Peter , Ratei Richard , Karawajew Leonid , Spang Rainer 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
Identification of minor cell populations, e.g. leukemic blasts within blood samples, has become increasingly important in therapeutic disease monitoring. Modern flow cytometers enable researchers to reliably measure six and more variables, describing cellular size, granularity and expression of cell-surface and intracellular proteins, for thousands of cells per second. Currently, analysis of cytometry readouts relies on visual inspection and manual gating of one- or two-dimensional projections of the data. This procedure, however, is labor-intensive and misses potential characteristic patterns in higher dimensions.

Results
Leukemic samples from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at initial diagnosis and during induction therapy have been investigated by 4-color flow cytometry. We have utilized multivariate classification techniques, Support Vector Machines (SVM), to automate leukemic cell detection in cytometry. Classifiers were built on conventionally diagnosed training data. We assessed the detection accuracy on independent test data and analyzed marker expression of incongruently classified cells. SVM classification can recover manually gated leukemic cells with 99.78% sensitivity and 98.87% specificity.

Conclusion
Multivariate classification techniques allow for automating cell population detection in cytometry readouts for diagnostic purposes. They potentially reduce time, costs and arbitrariness associated with these procedures. Due to their multivariate classification rules, they also allow for the reliable detection of small cell populations.