bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1H NMR characterization of a combination model of the mixed micelle taurocholate and 1,2‐ethylene‐di‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate
Authors: Chiou Shyh‐Ying , Huang Chuan‐Fu , Cheng Yu‐Ru , Lu Chun‐Ping , Lin Gialih 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe structures of micelles of taurocholate (TC) have been debated for many years. According to Funasaki's model based on 2D NMR studies, anti‐parallel and parallel back‐to‐back dimers have been proposed as two major fragments in the micellar TC. However, according to Galantini's model based on X‐ray crystal structure, anti‐parallel and parallel face‐to‐face dimers have been proposed as two major fragments in the micelle. We propose a combined model from these two models for the structures of micelles of TC and suggest that these structures are equally composed of these four dimeric fragments. Lipid molecules can only insert into back‐to‐back dimeric fragments but not into face‐to‐face dimeric fragments in the mixed micelles of TC and lipid. A short‐chain analog of glycerol lipid, 1,2‐ethylene‐di‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate (1), was synthesized and was mixed with the micellar TC to form the mixed micelle of TC and compound 1. From the 1H NMR spectra, the ω‐methyl and β‐methylene protons of compound 1 split after formation of the mixed micelle with TC. Therefore, half of the compound 1 molecules insert into the anti‐parallel back‐to‐back dimers in the mixed micelle, and the other half of the compound 1 molecules insert into the parallel back‐to‐back dimers in the mixed micelle.
Incorporating environmental impact assessment into conceptual process design: A case study example
Authors: Seay Jeffrey R. , Eden Mario R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this contribution is to present a case study illustrating how environmental impact assessment using the U.S. EPA Waste Reduction Algorithm has been incorporated into conceptual process design. This will be achieved via the introduction of a simple methodology for integrating environmental impact assessment into the standard heuristics of conceptual process design to ensure that environmental and sustainability goals are met while maintaining economic viability. The case study presented to illustrate the methodology is based on a process to manufacture industrially important C3 compounds from the dehydration of bio‐based glycerol. The selected case study is important from the perspective of sustainability because glycerol is produced as a byproduct of the manufacture of biodiesel from vegetable oils. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Experimental and analytical studies on the response of freestanding laboratory equipment to earthquake shaking
Authors: Konstantinidis Dimitrios , Makris Nicos 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper presents results of a comprehensive experimental program on the seismic response of full‐scale freestanding laboratory equipment. First, quasi‐static experiments are conducted to examine the mechanical behavior of the contact interface between the laboratory equipment and floors. Based on the experimental results, the response analysis that follows adopts two idealized contact friction models: the elastoplastic model and the classical Coulomb friction model. Subsequently, the paper presents shake table test results of full‐scale freestanding equipment subjected to ground and floor motions of hazard levels with corresponding displacements that can be accommodated by the shake table at the UC Berkeley Earthquake Engineering Research Center. For the equipment tested, although some rocking is observed, sliding is the predominant mode of response, with sliding displacements reaching up to 60 cm. Numerical simulations with the proposed models are performed. Finally, the paper identifies a physically motivated intensity measure and the associated engineering demand parameter with the help of dimensional analysis and presents ready‐to‐use fragility curves. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Temperature on Fecundity, Life Span and Morphology of Long‐ and Short‐Spined Clones of Brachionus caudatus f. apsteini (Rotifera)
Authors: Athibai Sujiporn , Sanoamuang La‐Orsri 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigated the effect of temperature (20, 25 and 30 °C) on fecundity, life span and morphology of the rotifer Brachionus caudatus f. apsteini. For each temperature, short posterior‐spined and long posterior‐spined clones of B. caudatus f. apsteini were individually cultured for up to six generations. The rotifers were fed Chlorella sp. at a density of 1 × 106 cells ml–1. Morphometric data (body size and spine length) were collected. Total number of offspring producing by a single female per life cycle at high temperature was higher than at low temperature. The duration of juvenile period, reproductive period, post‐reproductive period and life span of both clones of B. caudatus f. apsteini decreased with increasing temperature. All offspring of short posterior‐spined clone produce posterior spines at 20 and 25 °C, with an average length of 19.8 ± 6.6 and 11.9 ± 2.6 μm, respectively. In contrast, they cannot develop posterior spines at 30 °C, at which the average length of the posterior spine remnant was 6.4 ± 1.3 μm. On the other hand, all offspring of long posterior‐spined clone have long posterior spines with average lengths of 36.8 ± 6.1, 36.3 ± 5.2 and 36.6 ± 6.2 μm at 20, 25 and 30 °C, respectively. This study indicated that the production of posterior spines can be induced by low temperature and that short posterior‐spined and long posterior‐spined clones are genetically different. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interspecific Variations in Responses of Mangrove Seedlings to Two Contrasting Salinities
Authors: Jayatissa L. P. , Wickramasinghe W. A. A. D. L. , Dahdouh‐Guebas F. , Huxham M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe growth performance of seedlings of seven species of true mangroves (Avicennia marina, A. officinalis, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. sexangula, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, and Sonneratia caseolaris) in response to two contrasting salinity regimes, low (i.e., 3–5) and medium (i.e., 25–27), was studied. Species represented all categories relevant to vivipary (i.e., true viviparous species, cryptoviviparous species and non‐viviparous species), and included closely related pairs as well as species commonly used in replanting in Sri Lanka. Species could be ranked in descending order of salinity tolerance as A. marina > R. mucronata > R. apiculata >B. gymnorrhiza > A. officinalis > B. sexangula > S. caseolaris, hence taxonomically similar species and those sharing vivipary characteristics may be distant in salinity tolerance. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrological Connectivity as a Shaping Force in the Zooplankton Community of Two Lakes in the Paraná River Floodplain
Authors: de Paggi Susana Beatriz José , Paggi Juan César 
Published: December 2008

AbstractZooplankton in two river‐lake systems of the Paraná River (Argentina) floodplain were studied during ordinary hydrological situations as well as during an extreme flood (El Niño event) over a period of more than 20 years. The studied lakes were selected because of their position at opposite ends of a surface connectivity gradient. Los Matadores Lake, with high connectivity, has a direct connection to the river via a short channel that is active during a large part of the year. At the other extreme, the low connectivity El Tigre Lake has an indirect connection to the river through a swampy area that is only active for short periods. During ordinary hydrologic periods, zooplankton abundance and species richness appear to be controlled by the degree of connectivity of the lakes. Abundance was higher in El Tigre, which is isolated for longer periods and consequently has a longer water‐residence time. Contrary to expectations, species richness was also higher in this lake, a result that was surprising because water bodies with low conectivity/disturbance are predicted to have a lower biodiversity. This unexpected outcome reflects the nature of the connecting route, which crosses a long and complex swampy ecotone. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Temporal Asynchrony of Planktonic Cladocerans Population at Different Environments of the Upper Paraná River Floodplain
Authors: Takahashi Erica Mayumi , Lansac‐Tôha Fábio Amodêo , Velho Luiz Felipe Machado , Bini Luis Mauricio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the existence of synchronic fluctuation patterns in cladoceran populations of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The following hypothesis were tested: (i) the populations of a given species present the same fluctuation pattern in abundance for different environments and (ii) synchrony is higher when we consider subsets of neighboring environments or those belonging to the same category (e.g., lagoons, rivers). Samplings were performed every three months from February 2000 to November 2002 at 11 sites. To evaluate spatial synchrony, the intraclass correlation coefficient was used. The results showed no significant correlation for the most abundant species, meaning that fluctuation patterns of planktonic cladocerans were asynchronous. Asynchrony indicated that the influence of floods and regional climatic factors was not strong enough to synchronize the populations, suggesting that local factors were more important than regional effects in determining zooplankton abundance patterns. The implications of these results are that the observations from a single environment cannot be extrapolated to other environments in a manner that would allow its use as a sentinel site. This means that a monitoring program for floodplain systems, or at least for the Paraná River floodplain, has to comprise greater spatial extents. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhanced biocompatibility of CoCr implant material by Ti coating and micro‐arc oxidation
Authors: Han Cheol‐Min , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Kim Yong‐Sik , Han Suk‐Ku 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe biocompatibility of CoCr alloy was significantly improved by forming a rough TiO2 layer on its surface. The TiO2 layer was formed by coating the CoCr alloy with titanium (Ti) through electron beam deposition followed by microarc oxidation (MAO). When Ti was coated on the surface, the biocompatibility of the CoCr alloy was enhanced and it was further improved by the MAO treatment. There were close relationships between the phase, morphology, and thickness of the TiO2 layer and the applied voltage. The biocompatibility of the specimens coated with Ti and subjected to MAO treatment was evaluated by in vitro alkaline phosphatase activity tests. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Analysis of diffusion and binding in cells using the RICS approach
Authors: Digman Michelle A. , Gratton Enrico 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe movement of macromolecules in cells is assumed to occur either through active transport or by diffusion. However, the determination of the diffusion coefficients in cells using fluctuation methods or FRAP frequently give diffusion coefficient that are orders of magnitude smaller than the diffusion coefficients measured for the same macromolecule in solution. It is assumed that the cell internal viscosity is partially responsible for this decrease in the apparent diffusion. When the apparent diffusion is too slow to be due to cytoplasm viscosity, it is assumed that weak binding of the macromolecules to immobile or quasi immobile structures is taking place. In this article, we derive equations for fitting of the RICS (Raster‐scan Image Correlations Spectroscopy) data in cells to a model that includes transient binding to immobile structures, and we show that under some conditions, the spatio‐temporal correlation provided by the RICS approach can distinguish the process of diffusion and weak binding. We apply the method to determine the diffusion in the cytoplasm and binding of Focal Adhesion Kinase‐EGFP to adhesions in MEF cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The defensive secretion of Carabus lefebvrei Dejean 1826 pupa (Coleoptera, Carabidae): Gland ultrastructure and chemical identification
Authors: Giglio Anita , Brandmayr Pietro , Dalpozzo Renato , Sindona Giovanni , Tagarelli Antonio , Talarico Federica , Brandmayr Tullia Zetto , Ferrero Enrico A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study documents the defensive function of flavored humor secreted by the abdominal glands of Carabus lefebvrei pupae. The morphology and the ultrastructure of these glands were described and the volatile compounds of glands secretion were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ultrastructure analysis shows an acinose complex formed by about 50 clusters. Each cluster has 20 glandular units and the unit—composed of one secretory and one canal cell lying along a duct—belongs to the class 3 cell type of Quennedey (1998). In the cytoplasm, the secretory cell contains abundant rough endoplasmatic reticula, glycogen granules, numerous mitochondria, and many well‐developed Golgi complexes producing electron‐dense secretory granules. Mitochondria are large, elongated, and often adjoining electronlucent vesicles. The kind and the origin of secretory granules varying in size and density were discussed. The chemical analysis of the gland secretion revealed the presence of a mixture of low molecular weight terpenes, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and carboxylic acids. Monoterpenes, especially linalool, were the major products. We supposed that ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and carboxylic acids have a deterrent function against the predators and monoterpenes provide a prophylaxis function against pathogens. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reflectance confocal‐laser‐scanning microscopy in vivo assessments of cigarette‐induced dynamic alterations of cutaneous microcirculation on histomorphological level
Authors: Altintas Mehmet Ali , Altintas Ahmet Ali , Guggenheim Merlin , Gohritz Andreas , Meyer‐Marcotty Max , Vogt Peter M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective: Until now, high resolution reflectance confocal‐laser‐scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used for observation of cutaneous morphology in vivo and in real time. We hypothesized that CLSM also allows observation of dynamic processes of cutaneous microcirculation. Methods: Reflectance CLSM (Vivascope1500; Lucid, Rochester, NY) was performed in 24 young male habitual smokers (23 years, range: 19–26, body mass index 23.9 ± 4.04) with relatively limited cigarette exposure (mean: 3.1 ± 2.4 pack‐years). Eight matched nonsmokers served as controls. The quantitative blood cell flow and the diameter of capillary loops were determined prior (baseline), during, as well as 5 and 10 min after smoking. Results: Baseline value for blood cell flow was 55.50 ± 2.33 cells/min, and decreased over 45% during smoking (30.43 ± 3.76/min; P = 0.02). They were still 22% lower (43.33 ± 2.45/min; P = 0.01) 5 min after smoking and exceeded baseline values 10 min after smoking by 13% (63.00 ± 3.10/min; P > 0.05). The baseline values for capillary loop diameter (9.03 ± 0.22 μm) decreased by 21% (7.18 ± 0.28 μm; P = 0.03) during smoking, remained about 9% (8.23 ± 0.18 μm; P = 0.01) lower 5 min after smoking and exceeded baseline values insignificantly by 4% (9.38 ± 0.28 μm; P > 0.05) 10 min after smoking. There were no significant differences to the controls. Conclusion: Reflectance CLSM enables qualitative and quantitative observation of dynamic processes of cutaneous microcirculation on histomorphological level. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐term variation of Eurasian pattern and its relation to winter weather over East Asia
Authors: Sung Mi‐Kyung , Lim Gyu‐Ho , Kwon Won‐Tae , Boo Kyung‐On , Kug Jong‐Seong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWinter surface air temperature in East Asia is negatively correlated with a wave pattern over the Eurasian continent, called the Eurasian pattern (EU). While previous studies have reported a correlation between the EU and East Asian winter temperature on a monthly mean time scale, this study focuses on the daily scale. To this end, a new definition of the EU index (EUw) was suggested, and daily lag composite maps were constructed with respect to positive and negative peaks of the daily EUw values. Three days after the peak, an apparent temperature fall/rise appears, accompanied by strong wind advection over East Asia. An analysis of the probabilities of cold and warm weather events also shows strong dependence on the EU phase. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Characteristics and variability of synoptic features associated with cool season rainfall in southeastern Australia
Authors: Risbey James S. , Pook Michael J. , McIntosh Peter C. , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Meyers Gary 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCool season rainfall variability in southeastern Australia is investigated via classification and characterization of the predominant types of synoptic systems occurring in the region. These types are frontal systems, cut‐off low systems, and other systems. Rainfall in the region is dominated by cut‐off systems and these systems are the main influence on the interannual variability of rainfall. Both cut‐off systems and frontal systems display an enhancement of thermal (thickness) gradient as rainfall increases, but the mechanisms for intensification differ. Cut‐off systems intensify in the region in association with local increases in baroclinicity and the subtropical jet, whereas frontal systems tend to intensify via a confluence of subtropical and polar jets. Interannual rainfall variability is examined for groupings of years based on both clustering of continental rainfall patterns and on El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)/Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) years. Cut‐off systems exhibit consistent enhancements of thermal gradients for groupings of years in which they produce more rainfall. For ENSO/IOD groupings, the cut‐off thermal gradients are consistent with the underlying sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Wet years in southeastern Australia are usually produced by cut‐off systems, but can also be produced by frontal systems. In those cases the mid‐tropospheric flow pattern is reminiscent of the negative Southern Annular Mode (SAM) pattern. The positive SAM pattern is also associated with enhanced rainfall in the southeast via local intensification of blocking and cut‐off systems. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Observed and modelled influence of atmospheric circulation on central England temperature extremes
Authors: Blenkinsop S. , Jones P. D. , Dorling S. R. , Osborn T. J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe regional atmospheric circulation is a major driver of climate for western Europe and so the ability of climate models to accurately simulate its characteristics forms an important part of the rigorous testing of their performance. In this paper we examine the skills of seven regional climate models (RCMs) to reproduce mean daily temperatures for the central England region. Their ability to reproduce observed characteristics of the circulation is then tested using three airflow indices. This is achieved by comparing: (1) the frequency distribution of each index, (2) the relationships between the daily airflow indices and temperature, including daily extremes and (3) the ability of models to reproduce the observed persistence of specific flow regimes and the temperature response to this persistence.It is demonstrated that RCM selection introduces uncertainty into temperature simulations and that there is no single model which outperforms the others. Although the models qualitatively reproduce the observed distributions of the airflow indices reasonably well, most models produce distributions that are statistically significantly different from the observations. In particular, all models overestimate the frequency of winter westerly flow, and biases in the relationships between circulation and temperature are also noted for extreme values of the airflow indices. The persistence of flow regimes is shown to have a significant effect on the observed temperature, though models have difficulty in reproducing the magnitude of the response to this persistence for some flow types.The results presented here not only form a useful model validation exercise but also further highlight the need for the use of multi‐model ensembles in the generation of future climate scenarios. Furthermore, they suggest that the use of atmospheric circulation in statistical downscaling methods might be enhanced by the inclusion of persistence, particularly when producing scenarios of temperature extremes. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Ignition time measurements for methylcylcohexane‐ and ethylcyclohexane‐air mixtures at elevated pressures
Authors: Vanderover Jeremy , Oehlschlaeger Matthew A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe ignition of methylcyclohexane (MCH)/air and ethylcyclohexane (ECH)/air mixtures has been studied in a shock tube at temperatures and pressures ranging from 881 to 1319 K and 10.8 to 69.5 atm, respectively, for equivalence ratios of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0. Endwall OH* emission and sidewall pressure measurements were used to determine ignition delay times. The influence of temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio on ignition has been characterized. Negative temperature coefficient behavior was observed for temperatures below 1000 K. These measurements greatly extend the database of kinetic targets for MCH and provide, to our knowledge, the first ignition measurements for ECH. The combination of the MCH measurements with previous shock tube and rapid compression machine measurements provides kinetic targets over a large temperature range, 680–1650 K, for the validation of kinetic mechanisms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 82–91, 2009
The chain‐breaking antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds with different numbers of O‐H groups as determined during the oxidation of styrene
Authors: Tikhonov Ivan , Roginsky Vitaly , Pliss Evgeny 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe technique based on monitoring oxygen consumption was applied to test 18 polyphenols (PP) and model phenolics as a chain‐breaking antioxidant during the oxidation of styrene initiated by 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitril) at 37°C. The chain‐breaking capability of PP was characterized by two parameters: the rate constant k1 for the reaction of antioxidants with the peroxy radical produced from styrene and the stoichiometric coefficient of inhibition, f, which shows how many kinetic chains are terminated by one molecule of PP. Rate constants k1 × 105 (in M−1 s−1) were found to be 10 (catechol), 27 (pyrogallol), 34 (3,6‐di‐tert‐Bu‐catechol), 4.3 (protocatechic acid), 12 (gallic acid), 15 (caffeic acid), <0.01 (chrysin), 1.3 (kaempferol), 19 (quercetin), 5.3 (baicalein), 16 (epicatechin), 32 (epigallocatechin), 9.0 (dihydroquercetin), 3.3 (resveratrol), and 16 (nordihydroguaiaretic acid). The value of k1 increases when going from one to two and three adjacent O‐H groups in a benzene ring (catechol and pyrogallol derivatives, respectively). At the same time, two O‐H groups in metaposition in a A‐ring of flavonoids actually do not participate in the inhibition. For the majority of PP, f is near to 2 independent of the number of OH groups. The correlation of k1 with the structure of PP and the OH bond dissociation enthalpy has been discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 92–100, 2009