bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thresholds of economic damage by clover seed weevil (Apion fulvipes Geoff.) and lesser clover leaf weevil (Hypera nigrirostris Fab.) on white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seed crops
Authors: Hansen L. M. , Boelt B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSevere reductions in the seed yield of white clover can occur because of feeding by the white clover seed weevil Apion fulvipes and the lesser clover leaf weevil Hypera nigrirostris which together can reduce the seed yield by more than 0·50. From 2002 to 2006 five field experiments were carried out to investigate the relationship between the density of these two weevil species and seed yield of white clover. Damage caused by the weevils was calculated as the difference in the number of weevils and the difference in seed yield between the average of insecticide‐treated and untreated plots. Loss of seed yield was expressed as a proportion of the seed yield in insecticide‐treated plots, which allowed for a comparison between years as yields in insecticide‐treated plots varied. A multiple regression approach was chosen in which proportional loss in seed yield was the response variable and the weevils A. fulvipes and H. nigrirostris were the independent variables. Data obtained from the experiments were used to construct the following threshold model of economic damage:
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Knowledge transfer in virtual settings: the role of individual virtual competency
Authors: Wang Yinglei , Haggerty Nicole 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEconomic forces, competitive pressures and technological advances have created an environment within which firms have developed new ways of organizing (e.g. virtual work settings) and managing their resources (e.g. knowledge management) in order to maintain and improve firm performance. Extant research has highlighted the challenges associated with managing knowledge in virtual settings. However, researchers are still struggling to provide effective guidance to practitioners in this field. We believe that a better understanding of individual virtual competency is a potential avenue for managing the complexity of knowledge transfer in virtual settings. In particular, we suggest that optimal knowledge transfers can be achieved by individuals armed with the right personal capabilities and skills for virtual work, particularly when those knowledge transfers are emergent, bottom‐up and cannot be specified a priori. The virtual competency exhibited by individuals can be the key to overcoming the constraints of knowledge transfers with such characteristics because underlying competency can facilitate effective action in unfamiliar and novel situations. In this conceptual research, we develop a theoretical model of individual virtual competence and describe its role in the communication process, which underpins effective knowledge transfer in virtual settings. Additionally, we consider the antecedent role that prior experience in virtual activity plays in aiding workers to develop virtual competence, which in turn engenders effective knowledge transfer. We conclude with implications for future research and for practicing managers.
Oral‐health‐related quality of life among children with and without dental fear
Authors: LUOTO ANNI , LAHTI SATU , NEVANPERÄ TERHI , TOLVANEN MIMMI , LOCKER DAVID 
Published: October 2008

Objectives. This study aims to determine whether the oral‐health‐related quality of life (ORHQoL) and its dimensions differed among children with and without dental fear when different characteristics of fear were measured.Material and methods. The participants were 11‐ to 14‐year‐old Finnish child volunteers from the Oulu University Hospital cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) treatment register (n = 51) and schoolchildren (n = 82). Dental fear was measured with ‘Treatment of dental decay’ and ‘Attending dentist’ dimensions of the modified Children's Fear Survey Schedule–Dental Subscale and a single question. ORHQoL was measured with CPQ11–14. Background variables were gender and the dental care experienced.Results. The response rates were 87% and 51% in the schoolchildren's and CLP groups, respectively. Those who were afraid of ‘Treatment of dental decay’ had higher mean CPQ11–14total scores (33.2) and higher scores for social (8.8) and emotional well‐being (9.0) than those who were not fearful (24.0, 6.2, and 5.8, respectively,P < 0.05), indicating poorer ORHQoL. Among those with experience of orthodontics, the association between dental fear and social and emotional well‐being was weaker than among those with no experience of orthodontics.Conclusion. Dental fear may have a negative effect on a child's ORHQoL, especially on social and emotional well‐being. Positive minor treatment experiences might weaken this effect.
Living with incomprehensible fatigue after recent myocardial infarction
Authors: Alsén Pia , Brink Eva , Persson Lars‐Olof 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Living with incomprehensible fatigue after recent myocardial infarction. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of what fatigue means to patients with recent myocardial infarction (MI) and how they manage to deal with the consequences of this symptom.Background.  After MI, fatigue is a frequent and distressing symptom. In nursing practice and in everyday conversations, the term ‘tiredness’ has a broad meaning that is often used synonymously with fatigue. Fatigue may be defined as a state along an adaptation continuum with tiredness and exhaustion as distinct states at the ends of the continuum.Method.  In accordance with a constructivist grounded theory method, 19 patients were interviewed four months after having a MI. The informants were chosen from a larger sample of patients admitted to a coronary care unit during the period October 2005 to September 2006.Findings.  Living with incomprehensible fatigue was identified as the central theme, which described what fatigue meant to patients 4 months after their MI and how they handled it. The core category was labelled incomprehensible fatigue. Two of the categories refer to consequences: being restricted and feeling defeated and one category describes management: fumbling coping strategies. Finally, one category concerns the outcome: moderate relief of fatigue.Conclusion.  Nursing interventions could focus on identifying and reducing stressors as well as on increasing patients’ ability to cope with stressors. Further research should focus on identifying stressors and useful coping strategies after MI, knowledge that could be used to prevent aggravation of fatigue.
How do adults with cystic fibrosis cope following a diagnosis of diabetes?
Authors: Collins Sarah , Reynolds Frances 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  How do adults with cystic fibrosis cope following a diagnosis of diabetes? Aim.  This paper is a report of a study examining the experience of adults with cystic fibrosis in adapting to the diagnosis of diabetes, a second chronic illness.Background.  Diabetes is a common complication of cystic fibrosis; the onset signifies the development of a second chronic illness. Both cystic fibrosis and diabetes are complex conditions, which require daily treatment schedules as part of their management. However, it is unclear how people already living with cystic fibrosis respond to the diagnosis of diabetes.Method.  A qualitative method was chosen to obtain an ‘insider’ experience of adjusting to a second chronic illness. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 2004 with 22 adults with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Findings.  Four recurring themes were identified: emotional response to diagnosis of diabetes, looking for an understanding, learning to live with diabetes, and limiting the impact of diagnosis. Having cystic fibrosis appeared helpful in limiting the impact of the diagnosis of diabetes. Juggling conflicting dietary demands of cystic fibrosis and diabetes coupled with the lack of practical professional advice available was seen as one of the biggest challenges in adapting to diabetes.Conclusion.  Healthcare professionals need increased awareness of diabetes amongst adults with cystic fibrosis and provide adequate support and structured evidence‐based education throughout the course of the illness, particularly in relation to diet. Nevertheless, patients’ familiarity with regular daily routines and problem‐solving attitudes, already developed in the context of cystic fibrosis, may be drawn on to limit the impact of diabetes.
Self‐worth therapy for depressive symptoms in older nursing home residents
Authors: Tsai Yun‐Fang , Wong Thomas K.S. , Tsai Hsiu‐Hsin , Ku Yan‐Chiou 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Self‐worth therapy for depressive symptoms in older nursing home residents. Aim.  The aim of this study is to report the effects of self‐worth therapy on depressive symptoms of older nursing home residents.Background.  Depression in older people has become a serious healthcare issue worldwide. Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological therapies have been shown to have inconsistent effects, and drug treatment can have important side‐effects.Method.  A quasi‐experimental design was used. Older people were sampled by convenience from residents of a nursing home in northern Taiwan between 2005 and 2006. To be included in the study participants had to: (i) have no severe cognitive deficits; (ii) test positive for depressive status and (iii) take the same anti‐depressant medication in the previous 3 months and throughout the study. Participants in the experimental group (n = 31) received 30 minutes of one‐to‐one self‐worth therapy on 1 day a week for 4 weeks. Control group participants (n = 32) received no therapy, but were individually visited by the same research assistant, who chatted with them for 30 minutes on 1 day/week for 4 weeks. Depressive status, cognitive status and functional status were measured at baseline, immediately after the intervention and 2 months later. Data were analysed by mean, standard deviations, t‐test, chi‐squared test and univariate anova.Findings.  Self‐worth therapy immediately decreased depressive symptoms relative to baseline, but not relative to control treatment. However, 2 months later, depressive symptoms were statistically significantly reduced relative to control.Conclusion.  Self‐worth therapy is an easily‐administered, effective, non‐pharmacological treatment with potential for decreasing depressive symptoms in older nursing home residents.
The content of advocacy in procedural pain care – patients’ and nurses’ perspectives
Authors: Vaartio Heli , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Suominen Tarja , Puukka Pauli 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  The content of advocacy in procedural pain care ‐ patient’ and nurses’ Perspectives. Aim.  This paper is a report of an exploration of the content of nursing advocacy from the point of view of patients and nurses in the context of procedural pain care.Background.  Nursing advocacy is every nurse’s professional duty, grounded in patients’ legal and moral rights. Nevertheless, earlier research has approached advocacy as a whistle‐blowing event from the nurse’s perspective.Method.  This cross‐sectional study was conducted with a cluster sample of otolaryngology patients (n = 405) and nurses (n = 118) in 11 hospital units in Finland during 2007. The data were collected using an instrument measuring the content of advocacy and analysed statistically.Results.  Advocacy in procedural pain care is a process which takes place in the patient–nurse relationship through role identification in decision‐making about pain care. This prompts counselling and responding activities, which in turn lead to some degree of empowerment on the part of both patient and nurse. However, advocacy is partly dependent on the nurse’s own role identification: in the context of pain care it seems that the nurse’s pain care skills and influence over pain care plans are important factors in the decision to advocate or not. At best, patients have some role in decision‐making about their care; at worst, they are subjected to paternalism.Conclusions.  Advocacy is an integral part of the nursing care process. It is important that this key ethical aspect of professional nursing is discussed in nursing education and systematically applied in nursing practice through on‐the‐job training, feedback and collaboration.
Examination of developmental models of occupational burnout using burnout profiles of nurses
Authors: Önder Çetin , Basim Nejat 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Examination of developmental models of occupational burnout using burnout profiles of nurses. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to identify the occupational burnout profiles of a sample of nurses in Turkey and to examine alternative developmental models of burnout based on these profiles.Background.  Previous findings on causal links between components of occupational burnout have largely been inconclusive. There are divergent models of inter‐temporal ordering of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment, which are the three dimensions of burnout.Method.  Data were collected with 248 nurses from five hospitals in Turkey in 2007. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to collect burnout data and the Job Descriptive Index was used to measure satisfaction with coworkers and supervisors. Following validity and reliability analyses of these instruments, burnout profiles were identified using cluster analysis and the resulting profiles were validated using analysis of variance.Results.  Three burnout profiles were identified and validated. Findings suggest a coupling of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. That is, nurses who reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion also reported higher levels of depersonalization. Examination of the profiles suggested a non‐linear relationship between personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion or depersonalization. More specifically, nurses with higher emotional exhaustion or depersonalization did not always report lower personal accomplishment.Conclusion.  Partial support for the developmental model that endorses temporal precedence of emotional exhaustion was found. The model that emphasizes temporal precedence of depersonalization was not supported. Depersonalization was found to be a dysfunctional coping strategy with respect to emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion rather than depersonalization or perceptions of personal accomplishment should be screened for early detection and prevention of burnout.
Next‐of‐kin caregivers in palliative home care – from control to loss of control
Authors: Munck Berit , Fridlund Bengt , Mårtensson Jan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Next‐of‐kin caregivers in palliative home care ‐ from control to loss of control. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe situations influencing next‐of‐kin caregivers’ ability to manage palliative care in the home.Background.  Palliative home care often involves major resources from next‐of‐kin, municipal and county personnel. Next‐of‐kin caregivers’ situation is depicted as so demanding and exhausting that it can affect their mental health and limit their ability to continue as a caregiver.Methods.  A qualitative study using the Critical Incident Technique was conducted. Nine next‐of‐kin caregivers from palliative home care were strategically chosen and data were collected using audiotaped interviews in 2005.Findings.  The analysis resulted in two main areas: ‘Maintaining control’ and ‘Losing control’. Next‐of‐kin caregivers wanted to maintain control over their lives by being continuously available 24 hours a day and by supporting and taking complete responsibility for all of the patient’s needs. They lost this control when professional assistance was lacking and they described feelings of inadequacy when their physical energy or time was insufficient. They felt incapable as the patient’s physical or mental persona metamorphosed or as serious symptoms developed that they could not control.Conclusion.  Next‐of‐kin caregivers and the patients must feel free to choose where palliative home care will be provided and that their choice at any time can be re‐evaluated, due to insecurity or workload changes. When planning for palliative care, they should be informed that having only one caregiver reduces the chances of completing palliative care in the home.
Self‐management behaviours for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Chen Kang‐Hua , Chen Mei‐Ling , Lee Sheuan , Cho Hsiu‐Ying , Weng Li‐Chueh 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Self‐management behaviours for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore the self‐management behaviours of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Background.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. A patient‐centred perspective calls for the investigation of self‐management behaviours as means to develop self‐management programmes and enhance quality of life for patients with COPD.Method.  The participants were a convenience sample of 18 patients with COPD of various severities. Interview data were collected in the thoracic ward, outpatient department and pulmonary rehabilitation unit of a medical centre in Taiwan from November 2006 to April 2007.Findings.  Participants demonstrated the ability to choose suitable disease management behaviours to prevent symptoms and complications. Five themes of disease management behaviours were identified: symptom management, activity and exercise implementation, environmental control, emotional adaptation and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.Conclusion.  Participants are experts on their lives and, as such, they adopt appropriate disease control behaviours, based on their experience and knowledge, as well as integrate the illness and its symptoms into their lives. With the worldwide increase in migration, an understanding of the cultural factors that influence patients’ perspectives on self‐management behaviours is necessary and can contribute to the development of an evidence‐based programme for disease self‐management with COPD.
Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: developing conscious body management in a shrinking life‐world
Authors: Gullick Janice , Stainton M. Colleen 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTitle.  Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: developing conscious body management in a shrinking life‐world. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore the changes experienced by the person living in a body with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Background.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the world’s fourth leading cause of death, and the World Health Organisation predicts further increases in prevalence and mortality. Despite a growing body of associated knowledge, there remains much to learn about patient and family‐driven goals for medical and surgical treatment to guide nursing practice, to support self–management strategies, and to provide a context for therapeutic outcomes.Methods.  Merleau‐Ponty’s philosophy of the body provided a framework for this Heideggerian phenomenological inquiry with 15 people with emphysema and 14 of their family members. The participants were drawn from three Australian teaching hospitals. Hermeneutic analysis was used to interpret 58 in‐depth interviews conducted between 2003 and 2005.Findings.  People with severe emphysema experience a shrinking life‐world shaped by breathlessness. This diminishes the predictability and automatic nature of their bodies and their perceived effectiveness as a person. They develop a number of strategies of conscious body management to facilitate breathing, mobility and task completion.Conclusion.  Understanding of the person’s changed body and the resulting expertise that those living with chronic illness bring into care and assessing and facilitating this expertise are central to planning sensitive and appropriate care and evaluating outcomes for medical or surgical therapies that are perceived as meaningful to the person.
A forgotten habitat? Granite inselbergs conserve reptile diversity in fragmented agricultural landscapes
Authors: Michael Damian R. , Cunningham Ross B. , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: October 2008

Summary

Rocky outcrop ecosystems support unique biological communities, high levels of species endemism and are important in the conservation of biodiversity worldwide. Some rocky ecosystems occur in fragmented landscapes, and as such, play a key role in conserving reptile biodiversity in modified environments.
We present a case study of reptile diversity in granite landforms from south‐eastern Australia, using a conceptual framework based on landscape ecology theory. We stratified inselbergs by landform and assessed the relevance of patch size, matrix, habitat complexity and hierarchy theories in explaining reptile responses. Regression modelling was used to relate species richness, abundance and diversity to theory and habitat variables.
We found all theories to be generally applicable in interpreting reptile responses in this system but certain habitat attributes needed to be measured carefully to accurately predict reptile responses. We found that reptile species richness and diversity were congruent with predictions of patch size (island biogeography theory) and habitat structure (complexity theory), although both concepts were confounded by landform. Matrix condition had a significant influence on reptile diversity with low predicted values in relictual landscapes.
At the outcrop patch‐level, reptile diversity was negatively related to exotic grass cover, stem density, vegetation structure and grazing intensity, whereas native grass cover and total rock cover increased diversity.
Synthesis and applications. The conservation of rock‐dwelling reptiles in fragmented agricultural landscapes worldwide can be guided by concepts based on landscape ecology and will involve strategic management of ‘inselberg landscapes’, by addressing issues relevant to both the outcrop and surrounding matrix. Thus, matrix (landscape‐level) management should focus on maintaining maximum habitat heterogeneity, whereas outcrop (patch‐level) management will require controlling grazing regimes, invasive weeds and woody regrowth, thereby maintaining solar infiltration levels necessary for reptile thermoregulation.