bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of apoptotic signaling in cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Plati Jessica , Bucur Octavian , Khosravi‐Far Roya 
Published: May 2008

AbstractApoptosis is a tightly regulated cell suicide program that plays an essential role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by eliminating unnecessary or harmful cells. Defects in this native defense mechanism promote malignant transformation and frequently confer chemoresistance to transformed cells. Indeed, the evasion of apoptosis has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Given that multiple mechanisms function at many levels to orchestrate the regulation of apoptosis, a multitude of opportunities for apoptotic dysregulation are present within the intricate signaling network of cell. Several of the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells are protected from apoptosis have been elucidated. These advances have facilitated the development of novel apoptosis‐inducing agents that have demonstrated single‐agent activity against various types of cancers cells and/or sensitized resistant cancer cells to conventional cytotoxic therapies. Herein, we will highlight several of the central modes of apoptotic dysregulation found in cancer. We will also discuss several therapeutic strategies that aim to reestablish the apoptotic response, and thereby eradicate cancer cells, including those that demonstrate resistance to traditional therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1124–1149, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective amino acid restriction differentially affects the motility and directionality of DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells
Authors: Fu Ya‐Min , Yu Zu‐Xi , Lin Huimin , Fu Xing , Meadows Gary G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe previously found that selective restriction of amino acids inhibits invasion of two androgen‐independent human prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC3. Here we show that the restriction of tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe), methionine (Met) or glutamine (Gln) modulates the activity of G proteins and affects the balance between two actin‐binding proteins, cofilin and profilin, in these two cell lines. Selective amino acid restriction differentially reduces G protein binding to GTP in DU145 cells. Tyr/Phe deprivation reduces the amount of Rho‐GTP and Rac1‐GTP. Met deprivation reduces the amount of Ras‐GTP and Rho‐GTP, and Gln deprivation decreases Ras‐GTP, Rac‐GTP, and Cdc42‐GTP. Restriction of these amino acids increases the amount of profilin, cofilin and phosphorylation of cofilin‐Ser3. Increased PAK1 expression and phosphorylation of PAK1‐Thr423, and Ser199/204are consistent with the increased phosphorylation of LIMK1‐Thr508. In PC3 cells, Tyr/Phe or Gln deprivation reduces the amount of Ras‐GTP, and all of the examined amino acid restrictions reduce the amount of profilin. PAK1, LIMK1 and cofilin are not significantly altered. These data reveal that specific amino acid deprivation differentially affects actin dynamics in DU145 and PC3. Modulation on Rho, Rac, PAK1, and LIMK1 likely alter the balance between cofilin and profilin in DU145 cells. In contrast, profilin is inhibited in PC3 cells. These effects modulate directionality and motility to inhibit invasion. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 184–193, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastasis to the breast from an adenocarcinoma of the colon
Authors: Ho Yvonne Y. , Lee Wai‐Kit 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMetastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies are rare. We report a case of metastasis to the breast from a colonic adenocarcinoma in a 50‐year‐old man who was 6 years status after a right hemicolectomy for T3N1M1 adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon. Sonographic evaluation of the right breast lump showed a hypoechoic mass with slightly irregular margins, but there was no internal vascularity. Chest CT also documented a poorly enhancing suspicious mass in the right breast. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma metastasis to the breast was achieved with sonographically guided core biopsy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Spatially and temporally resolved thermal imaging of cyclically heated interconnects by use of scanning thermal microscopy
Authors: Barbosa Nicholas , Slifka Andrew J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA scanning thermal microscope with a Wollaston probe was used to investigate the spatial distribution and temporal variation of temperature in interconnect structures subjected to thermal cycling. The probe, utilized in passive temperature sensing mode, was calibrated from 20°C to 200°C using a single‐layer aluminum microdevice. Spatial measurements were performed on nonpassivated aluminum interconnects sinusoidally heated by a 6 MA/cm2 current at 200 Hz. The interconnects were determined to have temperatures that decreased with position from a maximum located at the center of both the interconnect length and width. Time‐resolved temperature measurements were performed on the same structures sinusoidally heated by a 6 MA/cm2 current at 2 Hz. Both the peak‐cycle temperature and average‐cycle temperature were found to decrease with increasing distance from the center of the width of the interconnects. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A morphometric model to minimize subjectivity in the histological assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma and its precursors in cirrhosis
Authors: Vertemati Maurizio , Vizzotto Laura , Moscheni Claudia , Dhillon Arjun , Dhillon Amar , Quaglia Alberto 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective: To explore how morphometry can minimize subjectivity in the assessment of liver nodules in cirrhosis using a novel classification tool. Study design: Ten hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 6 large regenerative nodules (LRN), and 34 regenerative (cirrhotic) nodules (RN), obtained from cirrhotic explant livers, were analyzed using a Kontron‐Zeiss KS400 image analyzer. We generated a morphometric model based on the analysis of volume fractions occupied by hepatocyte nuclei/cytoplasm, sinusoidal endothelium and lumen, neoplastic acini, fibrosis, centrilobular veins, portal arteries, veins and bile ducts, individual lesional arteries (smooth muscle actin), and capillarized sinusoids (CD34), and on surface fraction occupied by reticulin, and number in unit volume and size distribution of hepatocyte nuclei, and mean hepatocyte nucleus diameter and volume. Results: Volume fraction of capillarized sinusoids and of individual lesional arteries were more prominent in HCC and LRNs, when compared with RN, whereas surface fraction of reticulin was markedly decreased in HCC. The morphometric values of these three features were integrated into our classification tool to construct a hybrid system, which reclassified the nodules in the same categories. Conclusion: Our novel hybrid classification tool may minimize subjectivity in the histological assessment of nodular lesions in cirrhosis. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reducing the consistency strength of an indestructibility theorem
Authors: Apter Arthur W. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractUsing an idea of Sargsyan, we show how to reduce the consistency strength of the assumptions employed to establish a theorem concerning a uniform level of indestructibility for both strong and supercompact cardinals. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long Borel hierarchies
Authors: Miller Arnold W. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe show that there is a model of ZF in which the Borel hierarchy on the reals has length ω2. This implies that ω1 has countable cofinality, so the axiom of choice fails very badly in our model. A similar argument produces models of ZF in which the Borel hierarchy has exactly λ + 1 levels for any given limit ordinal λ less than ω2. We also show that assuming a large cardinal hypothesis there are models of ZF in which the Borel hierarchy is arbitrarily long. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of Picard groups in dimension 1
Authors: Lombardi Henri , Quitté Claude 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe compare two Picard groups in dimension 1. Our proofs are constructive and the results generalize a theorem of J. Sands [11]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐Molecular‐Weight Polyoxirane Copolymers and their Use in High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Petrov Petar , Berlinova Iliyana , Tsvetanov Christo B. , Rosselli Silvia , Schmid Andreas , Zilaei Ameneh Bamedi , Miteva Tzenka , Dürr Michael , Yasuda Akio , Nelles Gabriele 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLow‐crystalline random and gradient P(EO‐co‐PO) copolymers and amorphous PPO and PBO of high molecular weight were synthesized by anionic coordination polymerization. Polymer gel electrolytes based on these (co)polymers were prepared and tested for long‐term performance of DSSC. The DSSC based on P(EO‐co‐PO) copolymers have longer life time compared to the homo‐PEO‐ and homo‐PPO‐based DSSC, respectively. The cells containing the chemically crosslinked copolymer gel exhibited a high efficiency of 6% after 25 d performance, whereas the solar cells based on physically crosslinked copolymer gel showed fast degradation.magnified image
A lattice model for the fermionic projector in a static and isotropic spacetime
Authors: Finster Felix , Plaum Wätzold 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe introduce a lattice model for a static and isotropic system of relativistic fermions. An action principle is formulated, which describes a particle‐particle interaction of all fermions. The model is designed specifically for a numerical analysis of the nonlinear interaction, which is expected to lead to the formation of a Dirac sea structure. We discuss basic properties of the system. It is proved that the minimum of the variational principle is attained. First numerical results reveal an effect of spontaneous symmetry breaking. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surfactant‐Induced Helix Formation of Cylindrical Brush Polymers with Poly(L‐lysine) Side Chains
Authors: Gunari Nikhil , Cong Yang , Zhang Bin , Fischer Karl , Janshoff Andreas , Schmidt Manfred 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe complex formation of oppositely charged surfactants with some polypeptides is known to induce β‐sheet or helix formation. Here, we report on the complex formation of cylindrical brush polymers with poly(L‐lysine) side chains and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). With increasing amount of added surfactant the cylindrical polymers first adopt a helical conformation with a pitch of approximately 14–24 nm followed by a spherically collapsed structure before eventually precipitation occurs. CD measurements suggest that the helix formation of the cylindrical brush polymers is driven by the hydrophobicity of the β‐sheets formed by the PLL side chain–SDS complexes.magnified image
Flow‐Induced Morphologies of Diblock Copolymers in a Nanotube Studied by Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Feng Jian , Liu Honglai , Hu Ying , Jiang Jianwen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMorphologies of diblock copolymers confined in a cylindrical nanotube under a Poiseuille flow were studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulation. Varying with flow intensity, a symmetric diblock copolymer in a neutral tube exhibits parallel lamellae or stacked disks, stacked bowls, or cylinders; the morphologies in a non‐neutral tube are relatively less influenced by flow. An asymmetric diblock copolymer is helical in a neutral tube, but becomes hexagonal under flow; the morphologies in a non‐neutral tube are parallel to the tube axis and vary in a less pronounced manner than in a neutral tube. The simulation results reveal that confinement and external flow significantly affect the phase transitions among a variety of morphologies, particularly for copolymers with domains not parallel to the tube axis.magnified image
A MAPK pathway is involved in the control of cortical granule reaction and mitosis during bovine fertilization
Authors: Tae Jin Cheol , Kim Eun Young , Jeon Kilsoo , Lee Keum Sil , Lee Chang Hyun , Kim Yeon Ok , Park Se Pill , Kim Nam‐Hyung 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn order to understand the mechanism by which mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates fertilization, we examined the effect of the MAPK pathway inhibitor U0126 on polyspermy, cortical granule reaction and mitosis in bovine oocytes during and after fertilization. Oocytes were treated with 30 µM U0126 for 30 min prior to insemination, or from 15 to 27 hr following insemination. Western blotting with antibodies that detect active, phosphorylated MAPK revealed that MAPK activity was decreased in U0126 treated oocytes. Oocytes that were treated with U0126 before insemination displayed a significantly higher incidence of polyspermic penetration and incomplete cortical granule reaction than that observed in untreated oocytes (P < 0.05). Exposure of oocytes to 30µM U0126 15–27 hr after insemination induced aberrant microtubule assembly and cell division, often resulting in the formation of two or three daughter cells with altered shapes and sizes. These results suggest that an ERK‐like cascade is part of a mechanism that controls cortical granule reaction and the formation of the mitotic spindle following sperm penetration in the bovine. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1300–1306, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated testicular temperature modulates expression patterns of sperm proteins in Holstein bulls
Authors: Newton L.D. , Kastelic J.P. , Wong B. , van der Hoorn F. , Thundathil J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of elevated testicular temperature on the expression patterns of sperm proteins in bulls. Ejaculates were collected from sexually mature Holstein bulls (n = 6) twice weekly for 10 weeks. Testicular temperature was elevated in all bulls by scrotal insulation for 72 consecutive hours during Week 2. Triton X‐100 extracts of sperm proteins were prepared and subjected to SDS–PAGE. Sperm proteins in the 110 kDa range decreased from pre‐thermal insult to Day 28 (start of thermal insult = Day 0), concurrent with decreases in sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, and subsequently increased, approaching pre‐thermal insult values by Day 40. Based on mass spectrometry, this band was comprised of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Hexokinase‐1, and the α‐4 subunit of Na+/K+ATPase. Changes in the expression patterns of these proteins were confirmed by immunoblotting, including the use of a custom antibody against the α‐4 subunit of Na+/K+ATPase (testis‐specific isoform). Furthermore, a 25 kDa sperm protein (identified as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2; TIMP‐2), had a low expression level in pre‐thermal insult samples, increased to Day 28 of post‐thermal insult, and subsequently decreased to the pre‐thermal insult level by the end of the experimental period. In conclusion, we identified proteins that may serve as molecular markers of impaired sperm function due to elevated testicular temperature, with important implications for fertility predictions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the identification of a testis‐specific isoform of Na+/K+ATPase in bovine sperm. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 109–118, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cine‐MRI versus two‐dimensional echocardiography to measure in vivo left ventricular function in rat heart
Authors: Stuckey Daniel J. , Carr Carolyn A. , Tyler Damian J. , Clarke Kieran 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTwo‐dimensional echocardiography is the most commonly used non‐invasive method for measuring in vivo cardiac function in experimental animals. In humans, measurements of cardiac function made using cine‐MRI compare favourably with those made using echocardiography. However, no rigorous comparison has been made in small animals. Here, standard short‐axis two‐dimensional (2D) echocardiography (2D‐echo) and cine‐MRI measurements were made in the same rats, both control and after chronic myocardial infarction. Correlations between the two techniques were found for end diastolic area, stroke area and ejection fraction, but cine‐MRI measurements of ejection fraction were 12 ± 6% higher than those made using 2D‐echo, because of the 1.8‐fold higher temporal resolution of the MRI technique (4.6 ms vs 8.3 ms). Repeated measurements on the same group of rats over several days showed that the cine‐MRI technique was more reproducible than 2D‐echo, in that 2D‐echo would require five times more animals to find a statistically significant difference. In summary, caution should be exercised when comparing functional results acquired using short‐axis 2D‐echo vs cine‐MRI. The accuracy of cine‐MRI allows identification of alterations in heart function that may be missed when using 2D‐echo. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A warm footbath before bedtime and sleep in older Taiwanese with sleep disturbance
Authors: Liao Wen‐Chun , Chiu Ming‐Jang , Landis Carol A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA single‐group crossover design was used to examine the effects of a warm footbath on body temperatures, distal‐proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG), and sleep outcomes in 15 Taiwanese elders with self‐reported sleep disturbance. Body temperatures and polysomnography were recorded for three consecutive nights. Participants were assigned randomly to receive a 41°C footbath for 40 minutes before sleep onset on night 2 or night 3. Mean DPG before lights off was significantly elevated on the bathing night. There were no significant differences in sleep outcomes between the two nights. However, when the first two non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep periods were examined, the amount of wakefulness was decreased in the second NREM period on the bathing night. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:514–528, 2008
Factors associated with health‐related quality of life among low‐compliant asthmatic adults in Korea
Authors: Choi Ja Yun , Hwang Seon Young 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted to identify the factors associated with health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in low‐compliant Korean adults with asthma. The sample consisted of 178 patients referred by a physician to the education clinic at a University hospital in Korea. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that previous hospital admissions, recent asthma‐related symptoms within the previous week, lower peak expiratory flow rate, and lower level of asthma knowledge were independently associated with lower HRQoL and accounted for 46% of the total variance. Health care providers should focus on these factors to increase perceptions of HRQoL among low‐compliant patients. Interventional strategies need to be developed to emphasize the importance of compliance to the self‐monitoring regimen and management protocols. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:140–147, 2009
A method of HIV‐1 inactivation compatible with antibody‐based depletion of abundant proteins from plasma
Authors: Bosley Allen , Marshall Heather N. , Badralmaa Yunden , Natarajan Ven 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe have examined several methods, including heat treatment and treatment with detergents, to inactivate HIV‐1 present in plasma to be depleted of abundant proteins utilizing an antibody‐based technology. Treatment with Triton X‐100 was not compatible with abundant protein depletion with an antibody column and heat treatment alters the composition of the plasma proteome. However, treatment with 1.2% N‐octylglucoside for 5 min completely inhibited HIV‐1 infectivity. The detergent was easily removed through buffer exchange, and this treatment had no discernable effect on protein depletion.
MOVPE of InN films on GaN templates grown on sapphire and silicon(111) substrates
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Arif Ronald A. , Ee Yik‐Khoon , Tong Hua , Higgins John B. , Tansu Nelson 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the study of MOVPE of InN on GaN templates grown on sapphire and silicon(111) substrates. Thermodynamic analysis of MOVPE of InN performed using NH3 as nitrogen source and the experimental findings support the droplet‐free epitaxial growth of InN under high V/III ratios of input precursors. At a growth pressure of 500 Torr, the optimum growth temperature and V/III ratio of the InN film are 575–650 °C and >3 × 105, respectively. The surface RMS roughness of InN film grown GaN/sapphire template is ∼0.3 nm on 2 μm × 2 μm area, while the RMS roughness of the InN film grown on GaN/Si (111) templates is found as ∼0.7 nm. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurement reveals the (0002) texture of the InN film on GaN/sapphire template with a FWHM of 281 arcsec of the InN (0002) ω rocking curve. For the film grown on GaN/Si template under identical growth conditions, the XRD measurements show the presence of metallic In, in addition to the (0002) orientation of InN layer. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interatomic potential calculations of III(Al, In)–N planar defects with a III‐species environment approach
Authors: Kioseoglou J. , Komninou Ph. , Karakostas Th. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIII–N compound semiconductors are nowadays widely used in electronic device technology. Due to the complexity of their structures planar and linear defects may have various atomic configurations. Since in the wurtzite structure of AlN and InN the second‐neighbor distance is very close to the stable “metallic” Al–Al and In–In distances respectively, a III‐species environment approach based on a Tersoff empirical bond order interatomic potential is developed in which the cut‐off distance for Al–Al and In–In interactions is tuned. In particular, the work is focused on two issues: the development of an approach for the calculation of defected structures in III‐nitrides and the application of this method on a series of planar defects in wurtzite structure. Various structural and energy‐related conclusions are drawn that are attributed to the complexity of the III–III metal type and N–N interactions in connection with the difference of the lattice parameters and the elastic constants. Molecular dynamic simulations are led to the conclusion that structural transformations may also occur. The Austerman–Gehman and Holt models for the inversion domain boundary (IDB) on the (10$ \bar 1 $0) plane are higher in energy than the IDB* model of Northrup, Neugebauer, and Romano. The model of Blank et al. for the translation domain boundary (TDB) on the {1$ \bar 2 $10} plane is unstable with respect to Drum's model. The Austerman model for the IDB on the {1$ \bar 2 $10} plane is unstable with respect to the IDB* model appropriate for this plane. The Austerman {10$ \bar 1 $0} IDB model is recognized as a strong candidate, among the IDB atomic configurations. Moreover, models for IDBs on {10$ \bar 1 $0} planes in which the boundary plane intersects two bonds (type‐2 models) are less stable than models in which the boundary plane intersects one bond (type‐1 models), in all cases considered. It is confirmed that the III‐species environment approach describes the “wrong”‐bonded defect local configuration structures more realistically with respect to the standard approach. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)