bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired Glucose Tolerance of Pregnancy Is a Heterogeneous Metabolic Disorder as Defined by the Glycemic Response to the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Retnakaran Ravi , Zinman Bernard , Connelly Philip W. , Sermer Mathew , Hanley Anthony J.G. 
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE—Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined by two abnormal glucose values on a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is associated with insulin resistance and a low serum concentration of adiponectin. The metabolic implications of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) of pregnancy (i.e., a single abnormal value on an OGTT), however, are not well established. We sought to evaluate the metabolic phenotype of pregnant women with IGT in relation to the timing of their isolated hyperglycemia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A cross-sectional study was performed in pregnant women undergoing a 3-h, 100-g OGTT. The OGTT stratified participants into four groups: 1) GDM (n = 48), 2) 1-h IGT (single elevated value at 1 h) (n = 15), 3) 2-h/3-h IGT (single elevated value at either 2 or 3 h) (n = 23), and 4) normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 93). Insulin sensitivity was measured by the validated insulin sensitivity index (ISOGTT) of Matsuda and DeFronzo.
RESULTS—Measures of severity of glycemia (fasting glucose, area under the glucose curve from the OGTT, and glucose challenge test result) were highest in the GDM group, followed by the 1-h IGT, 2-h/3-h IGT, and NGT groups, respectively (each trend P &lt; 0.0001). Consistent with this finding, ISOGTT was highest in the NGT group (5.1), followed by the 2-h/3-h IGT (4.6), 1-h IGT (3.8), and GDM (3.2) groups (trend P &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, on multiple linear regression analysis of ISOGTT, both GDM and 1-h IGT were independently associated with reduced insulin sensitivity (whereas 2-h/3-h IGT was not). Mean adjusted adiponectin was highest in the NGT group (15.7 μg/ml), followed by the 2-h/3-h IGT (15.6 μg/ml), 1-h IGT (13.7 μg/ml), and GDM (12.0 μg/ml) groups (trend P = 0.0024).
CONCLUSIONS—The metabolic implications of IGT in pregnancy vary in relation to the timing of the abnormal glucose value from the diagnostic OGTT. The metabolic phenotype associated with 1-h IGT resembles that of GDM, whereas the phenotype associated with 2-h/3-h IGT exhibits similarity to that of NGT.
Relation Between Blood Glucose and Coronary Mortality Over 33 Years in the Whitehall Study
Authors: Brunner Eric J. , Shipley Martin J. , Witte Daniel R. , Fuller John H. , Marmot Michael G. 
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE—Glucose intolerance is a risk factor for coronary disease, but there is uncertainty about the shape of the dose-response relationship between glucose level and risk of coronary mortality. We examined the prospective relation of 2-h postload blood glucose (2hBG) with coronary and other major causes of mortality over 33 years.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at baseline (1967–1969) in 17,869 male civil servants aged 40–64 years.
RESULTS—There were 3,561 coronary deaths during 451,787 person-years of observation. All-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality were elevated among participants with glucose intolerance. The hazard of coronary mortality rose from 2hBG = 4.6 mmol/l (83 mg/dl [95% CI 4.2–5.3]). The dose-response relation was best fitted by a single slope above this level, with no evidence of nonlinearity, compared with Cox models using other threshold levels, and those containing log 2hBG terms. There was no evidence for a dose-response relationship below 2hBG = 4.6 mmol/l. Between this level and 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl), the age-adjusted hazard ratio was 3.62 (95% CI 2.3–5.6). The graded relationship was attenuated by 45% after adjustment for baseline coronary heart disease (CHD), BMI, systolic blood pressure, blood cholesterol, smoking, physical activity, lung function, and employment grade.
CONCLUSIONS—A threshold model with linear slope best described the dose-response relationship between postload blood glucose and CHD mortality risk.
Higher Levels of HDL Cholesterol Are Associated With a Decreased Likelihood of Albuminuria in Patients With Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Molitch Mark E. , Rupp Demetra , Carnethon Mercedes 
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE—The objective of this study was to determine whether high levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower prevalence of albuminuria
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We analyzed the lipid profiles of patients with type 1 diabetes of ≥20 years duration in 42 patients with albuminuria (28 microalbuminuria and 14 macroalbuminuria) and 65 patients without increased albumin excretion before any interventions with either statins or ACE inhibitors.
RESULTS—Several characteristics were similar in the two groups: sex, age, duration of diabetes, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. By univariate analysis, significant differences (P &lt; 0.01) were found in HDL cholesterol (albuminuria 1.42 mg/dl, no albuminuria 1.71 mg/dl, P &lt; 0.01), HbA1c (A1C) (albuminuria 8.5%, no albuminuria 7.5%), and proportions with no, background, and proliferative retinopathy (albuminuria 2.4, 16.7, and 81%; no albuminuria 24.6, 52.3, and 23.1%, respectively). When adjusted for age and sex, a 0.26-mmol/l (10-mg/dl) increase in HDL cholesterol is associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.70 (95% CI 0.54–0.90) for having albuminuria. In a multivariate model that adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, and A1C, for every 0.54-mmol/l (21-mg/dl) increase in HDL cholesterol, patients are approximately half (OR 0.51 [95% CI 0.30–0.86]) as likely to have albuminuria, even after controlling for A1C.
CONCLUSIONS—Higher HDL cholesterol levels may be protective against the development of albuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes. Whether this is due to the HDL cholesterol levels or whether they serve as a marker for some other mechanism remains to be determined.
Urinary Connective Tissue Growth Factor Excretion Correlates With Clinical Markers of Renal Disease in a Large Population of Type 1 Diabetic Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Nguyen Tri Q. , Tarnow Lise , Andersen Steen , Hovind Peter , Parving Hans-Henrik , Goldschmeding Roel , van Nieuwenhoven Frans A. 
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE—Levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; CCN-2) in plasma are increased in various fibrotic disorders, including diabetic nephropathy. Recently, several articles have reported a strong increase of urinary CTGF excretion (U-CTGF) in patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, these studies addressed too small a number of patients to allow general conclusions to be drawn. Therefore, we evaluated U-CTGF in a large cross-sectional study of patients with type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects were 318 type 1 diabetic patients and 29 normoglycemic control subjects. U-CTGF was measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney analysis. The relation between U-CTGF and markers of diabetic nephropathy was determined by regression analysis.
RESULTS—U-CTGF in patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 89, median 155 pmol/24 h [interquartile range 96–258]) was significantly higher than in microalbuminuric (n = 79, 100 [65–78]) and normoalbuminuric (n = 150, 85 [48–127]) patients and control subjects (n = 29, 100 [78–114]). U-CTGF correlated with urinary albumin excretion (UAE) (R = 0.31) and glomerular filtration rate (R = −0.38) in patients with diabetic nephropathy. A standardized increase in U-CTGF was associated with diabetic nephropathy (odds ratio 2.3 [95% CI 1.7–3.1]), which was comparable with the odds ratios for diabetic nephropathy of increased HbA1c (2.0 [1.5–2.7]), and blood pressure (2.0 [1.5–2.6]).
CONCLUSIONS—This is the first large cross-sectional study addressing U-CTGF in human type 1 diabetes. The observed association of U-CTGF with UAE and glomerular filtration rate might reflect a role of CTGF as progression promoter in diabetic nephropathy.
Evaluation of phage assay for rapid phenotypic detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Yzquierdo Sergio Luis , Lemus Dihadenys , Echemendia Miguel , Montoro Ernesto , McNerney Ruth , Martin Anandi , Palomino Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Conventional methods for susceptibility testing require several months before results can be reported. However, rapid methods to determine drug susceptibility have been developed recently. Phage assay have been reported as a rapid useful tools for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The aim of this study was to apply the Phage assay for rapid detection of resistance on Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Cuba.

Methods
Phage D29 assay was performed on 102 M. tuberculosis strains to detect rifampicin resistance. The results were compared with the proportion method (gold standard) to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Phage assay.

Results
Phage assay results were available in 2 days whereas Proportion Methods results were obtain in 42 days. A total of 44 strains were detected as rifampicin resistant by both methods. However, one strains deemed resistant by Proportion Methods was susceptible by Phage assay. The sensitivity and specificity of Phage assay were 97.8 % and 100% respectively.

Conclusion
Phage assay provides rapid and reliable results for susceptibility testing; it's easy to perform, requires no specialized equipment and is applicable to drug susceptibility testing in low income countries where tuberculosis is a major public health problem.
Universal Vapor‐Phase Synthesis of Large‐Scale Ultrathin Perovskites with Superior Stability for Photodetectors and Image Sensors
Authors: He Xiaoyu , Hao Shiqiang , Ouyang Decai , Liu Shenghong , Zhang Na , Zeng Zihao , Zhang Yi , Spanopoulos Ioannis , Wolverton Chris , Li Yuan , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUltrathin halide perovskites have drawn tremendous attention in nano‐/micro‐optoelectronic devices due to their fascinating performance and capability for chip integration. Unfortunately, it is highly challenging to obtain large‐scale and chronically stable ultrathin halide perovskites for practical application. Herein, the universal low‐temperature vapor‐phase synthesis of ultrathin perovskite family materials with thickness down to 2D level and lateral size up to 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm is reported by developing a self‐limiting chemical vapor deposition strategy. The perovskite products are found to exhibit superior stability over 180 days under an air environment. The resultant photodetectors demonstrate charming optoelectronic properties such as superior responsivity (3.7 × 103 A W−1), ultrafast response time (<10 µs), and outstanding low‐level light image sensing capability. This universal perovskite synthesis strategy offers great potential for practical applications of halide perovskites in future nano‐/micro‐optoelectronic devices.
Single‐Atomic‐Site Platinum Steers Middle Hydroxyl Selective Oxidation on Amorphous/Crystalline Homojunction for Photoelectrochemical Glycerol Oxidation Coupled with Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Feng Xinyan , Sun Tingting , Feng Xuefan , Yu Hao , Yang Yu , Chen Limiao , Zhang Fuqin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) organic conversion is a promising approach to convert low‐cost organics to value‐added chemicals, which urgently needs the development of efficient and highly selective photoanodes. Here, a Pt single‐atom dispersed WO3 amorphous/crystalline homojunction for anodic glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) coupled with cathodic hydrogen generation is reported. In the coupled photoelectrocatalytic system, the novel Pt‐SA/WOx photoanode reaches a photocurrent density of 2.85 mA cm−2 at 1.2 V versus RHE, with up to 297.3 mmol m−2 h−1 of glycerol conversion rate and 60.2% of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) selectivity, realizing green synthesis of high‐value chemicals. The experimental data and theoretical calculations reveal the regulated band structure, build‐in electric field, and surface charge density of Pt‐SA/WOx, which can improve the carrier lifetime, accelerate charge transfer, and reduce the energy barrier for the GOR process, thus boosting PEC activity and DHA selectivity. This work provides a feasible plan for designing atomic‐level engineering and constructing amorphous/crystalline homojunction on photoanodes for efficient PEC high‐value products from biomass.
Herbal Products‐Powered Thermosensitive Hydrogel with Phototherapy and Microenvironment Reconstruction for Accelerating Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Zhao Gang , Lu Guanghua , Fan Huizhen , Wei Li , Yu Qiang , Li Ming , Li Hanqing , Yu Nuo , Wang Shen , Lu Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWound healing and infection remain significant challenges due to the ineffectiveness against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria and the complex oxidative wound microenvironments. To address these issues, thymoquinone‐reinforced injectable and thermosensitive TQ@PEG‐PAF‐Cur hydrogels with dual functions of microenvironment reshaping and photodynamic therapy are developed. The hydrogel comprises natural compound thymoquinone (TQ) and poly (ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly (alanine‐co‐phenyl alanine) copolymers (PEG‐PAF) conjugated with natural photosensitizer curcumin (Cur). The incorporation of TQ and Cur reduces the sol‐to‐gel transition temperature of TQ@PEG‐PAF‐Cur to 30°C, compared to PEG‐PAF hydrogel (37°C), due to the formation of strong hydrogen bonding, matching the wound microenvironment temperature. Under blue light excitation, TQ@PEG‐PAF‐Cur generates significant amounts of reactive oxygen species such as H2O2, 1O2, and ·OH, exhibiting rapid and efficient bactericidal capacities against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and broad spectrum β‐lactamases Escherichia coli via photodynamic therapy (PDT). Additionally, Cur effectively inhibits the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines in skin tissue‐forming cells. As a result, the composite hydrogel can rapidly transform into a gel to cover the wound, reshape the wound microenvironment, and accelerate wound healing in vivo. This collaborative antibacterial strategy provides valuable insights to guide the development of multifunctional materials for efficient wound healing.
Overcoming the Unfavorable Effects of “Boltzmann Tyranny:” Ultra‐Low Subthreshold Swing in Organic Phototransistors via One‐Transistor‐One‐Memristor Architecture
Authors: Yang Shuyuan , Yuan Jiangyan , Wang Zhaofeng , Wu Xianshuo , Shen Xianfeng , Zhang Yu , Ma Chunli , Wang Jiamin , Lei Shengbin , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganic phototransistors (OPTs), as photosensitive organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), have gained significant attention due to their pivotal roles in imaging, optical communication, and night vision. However, their performance is fundamentally limited by the Boltzmann distribution of charge carriers, which constrains the average subthreshold swing (SSave) to a minimum of 60 mV/decade at room temperature. In this study, an innovative one‐transistor‐one‐memristor (1T1R) architecture is proposed to overcome the Boltzmann limit in conventional OFETs. By replacing the source electrode in an OFET with a memristor, the 1T1R device exploits the memristor's sharp resistance state transitions to achieve an ultra‐low SSave of 18 mV/decade. Consequently, the 1T1R devices demonstrate remarkable sensitivity to photo illumination, with a high specific detectivity of 3.9 × 109 cm W−1Hz1/2, outperforming conventional OPTs (4.9 × 104 cm W−1Hz1/2) by more than four orders of magnitude. The 1T1R architecture presents a potentially universal solution for overcoming the detrimental effects of “Boltzmann tyranny,” setting the stage for the development of ultra‐low SSave devices in various optoelectronic applications.
Controllable Fabrication of Organic Semiconductors for Aligned Microlasers and Integrated Photodetectors
Authors: Qian Mengdan , Zhang Qiaoyan , Zhang Hui , Tang Baolei , Yu Kun , Liu Yufang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEngineering of organic single crystal toward controllable and aligned patterns at microscale is crucial to the realization of highly integrated organic photonic devices and optoelectronics. However, precise positioning and controllable morphology of crystal structures is still challenging due to the strict conditions for crystal growth. In this paper, a solution based crystal regulation strategy with the assistance of template‐constrained growth method and femtosecond laser processing technology is developed to prepare aligned crystalline microribbon arrays. Simple solvent evaporation results in the random distribution and orientation of self‐assembled crystalline microribbons while it tends to form highly crystalline and orderly microribbon arrays assisted by the confined template microchannels. The large‐scale microribbon array can be fabricated as organic photodetectors with sensitive and fast response under 405 nm illumination. By virtue of the femtosecond laser processing technique, the microribbon arrays are precisely processed into a series of crystal subunits and each microribbon subunit can function as an individual microcavity resonator to produce stable, high‐quality organic laser. The facile solution based template‐constrained self‐assembly and femtosecond laser processing method provide novel strategies to generate highly oriented and controllable crystal structures for the potential applications in integrated organic lasers and optoelectronics.
Type‐I‐Organic‐Photosensitizer‐Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Yilin , Wang Haiyang , Ke Fangfang , Ji Xiaoyu , Chen Nipeng , Zhang Kaimin , Yang Zhiyong , Chen Yongming , Zhang Zhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has achieved great progress in cancer treatment because it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a noninvasive manner. Nonetheless, the majority of light‐sensitive photosensitizers (PSs) are only sensitive to UV or visible light, suffering limitations such as phototoxicity (UV) and low tissue penetration capabilities (UV–visible). What is more, another impact factor, namely the hypoxic environment within a tumor always inhibits the production of ROS for treatment efficacy. To overcome these problems, herein, one new type‐I PS containing selenium (Se6) is designed. Benefiting from the dual heavy atom effects of selenium and bromine, Se6 can produce short‐lived hydroxyl (•OH) and long‐lived superoxide anion (O2•−) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, which is superior to commonly used oxygen‐dependent type‐II PSs, such as chlorine e6, zinc phthalocyanine. Combining Se6 and upconversion nanoparticles with the ability to upconvert near‐infrared (NIR) light to UV–visible light can greatly overcome the tissue penetration depth, phototoxicity, and oxygen‐dependent limitation of the PDT process, which demonstrates a significant performance in vivo to achieve better therapy efficiency.
Beta‐Cell Tipe1 Orchestrates Insulin Secretion and Cell Proliferation by Promoting Gαs/cAMP Signaling via USP5
Authors: Ding Lu , Sun Yang , Liang Yan , Zhang Jie , Fu Zhendong , Ren Caiyue , Li Pengfei , Liu Wen , Xiao Rong , Wang Hao , Zhang Zhaoying , Yue Xuetian , Li Chunyang , Wu Zhuanchang , Feng Yuemin , Liang Xiaohong , Ma Chunhong , Gao Lifen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInadequate β‐cell mass and insulin secretion are essential for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). TNF‐α‐induced protein 8‐like 1 (Tipe1) plays a crucial role in multiple diseases, however, a specific role in T2D pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Herein, Tipe1 as a key regulator in T2D, contributing to the maintenance of β cell homeostasis is identified. The results show that the β‐cell‐specific knockout of Tipe1 (termed Ins2‐Tipe1BKO) aggravated diabetic phenotypes in db/db mice or in mice with high‐fat diet‐induced diabetes. Notably, Tipe1 improves β cell mass and function, a process that depends on Gαs, the α subunit of the G‐stimulating protein. Mechanistically, Tipe1 inhibited the K48‐linked ubiquitination degradation of Gαs by recruiting the deubiquitinase USP5. Consequently, Gαs or cAMP agonists almost completely restored the dysfunction of β cells observed in Ins2‐Tipe1BKO mice. The findings characterize Tipe1 as a regulator of β cell function through the Gαs/cAMP pathway, suggesting that Tipe1 may emerge as a novel target for T2D intervention.
Disruption of Super‐Enhancers in Activated Pancreatic Stellate Cells Facilitates Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wang Yazhou , Chen Kai , Liu Gang , Du Chong , Cheng Zhaoxia , Wei Dan , Li Fenfen , Li Chen , Yang Yinmo , Zhao Ying , Nie Guangjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne major obstacle in the drug treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is its highly fibrotic tumor microenvironment, which is replete with activated pancreatic stellate cells (a‐PSCs). These a‐PSCs generate abundant extracellular matrix and secrete various cytokines to form biophysical and biochemical barriers, impeding drug access to tumor tissues. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a strategy for reversing PSC activation and thereby removing the barriers to facilitate PDAC drug treatment. Herein, by integrating chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐seq, Assays for Transposase‐Accessible Chromatin (ATAC)‐seq, and RNA‐seq techniques, this work reveals that super‐enhancers (SEs) promote the expression of various genes involved in PSC activation. Disruption of SE‐associated transcription with JQ1 reverses the activated phenotype of a‐PSCs and decreases stromal fibrosis in both orthotopic and patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models. More importantly, disruption of SEs by JQ1 treatments promotes vascularization, facilitates drug delivery, and alters the immune landscape in PDAC, thereby improving the efficacies of both chemotherapy (with gemcitabine) and immunotherapy (with IL‐12). In summary, this study not only elucidates the contribution of SEs of a‐PSCs in shaping the PDAC tumor microenvironment but also highlights that targeting SEs in a‐PSCs may become a gate‐opening strategy that benefits PDAC drug therapy by removing stromal barriers.
Manganese Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Aromatic Diamines and Alcohols with Aminoxyl Radicals in the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles
Authors: Han Hui , Xu Zhen‐Jiang , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe herein report a solvent‐free, oxidative coupling reaction of alcohols with aromatic diamines in air. 9‐Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐N‐oxyl (ABNO) in combination with a manganese(II) catalyst, serves to effectively promote the reaction, leading to the selective synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles and 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles.
A Powerful Strategy for Synthesizing Block Copolymers via Bimetallic Synergistic Catalysis
Authors: Fu Xiang‐Yu , Yue Tian‐Jun , Ren Bai‐Hao , Wang Hai , Ren Wei‐Min , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBlock copolymers, comprising polyether and polyolefin segments, are an important and promising category of functional materials. However, the lack of efficient strategies for the construction of polyether‐b‐polyolefin block copolymers have hindered the development of these materials. Herein, we propose a simple and efficient method to obtain various block copolymers through the copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates via bimetallic synergistic catalysis. The copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates proceeds in a sequence‐controlled manner, where the epoxides‐involved homo‐ or copolymerization occurs first, followed by the homopolymerization of acrylates initiated by the alkoxide species from the propagating polymer chain, thus yielding copolymers with a block structure. Notably, the high monomer compatibility of this powerful strategy provides a platform for synthesizing various polyacrylate‐based block copolymers comprising polyether, polycarbonate, polythiocarbonate, polyester, and polyurethane segments, respectively.