bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRANCH PLANT ECONOMIES AND FLEXIBLE SPECIALISATION: EVIDENCE FROM DEVON AND CORNWALL
Authors: POTTER JONATHAN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRecent corporate restructuring in externally‐owned production units is examined in the case of Devon and Cornwall. Evidence is presented on the extent and nature of corporate restructuring in the areas of products and markets, production processes and labour use, and assessment is made of the degree to which restructuring has involved shifts towards flexible specialisation. Evidence of widespread restructuring based around achievement of increased production flexibility points to a broader applicability of concepts of flexible specialisation to regions dominated by external ownership. There is, however, significant unevenness in the movement towards flexible specialisation, between large and small firms, foreign‐owned and British‐owned plants, and between industrial sectors. Findings also have important implications for the role ascribed to branch plants in regional economies.
FOREIGN MANUFACTURING INVESTMENT IN FRANCE AND THE UK: A REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF LOCATIONAL DETERMINANTS
Authors: HILL STEPHEN , MUNDAY MAX 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article examines the geography of manufacturing foreign direct investment (FDI) in France and the UK. In considering the regional distribution of both new and existing manufacturing FDI in the two states, the article seeks to show the extent to which the factors that influence the distribution of new FDI in France are similar to those in the UK.
LOW INCOME HOUSING, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE URBAN POOR
Authors: MENSAH JOSEPH 
Published: March 2008

AbstractComplex socio‐economic and spatial relations combine uniquely in different locations within the city to create variable employment prospects for the poor. Drawing on a survey conducted among low income housing residents of Edmonton, this article investigates the spatial variations in employment‐related problems faced by the urban poor, and explores their views on the causes of poverty and unemployment. The study found that low income residents of the inner city face more severe employment hurdles than their counterparts in the suburbs. Evidently, space is an important variable in explaining the employment circumstances of the urban poor.
NEW TOURISM TRENDS AND THE FUTURE OF MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE
Authors: GÓMEZ MANUEL J. MARCHENA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe traditional Mediterranean tourism model is under pressure from international competition, and the diversification of tourism demand and leisure time. This article analyzes the megatrends in the field of tourism which are impacting on the Mediterranean model, and outlines some of the opportunities and constraints on responses. Particular attention is paid to the Spanish experience.
THE DYNAMICS OF OUTGOING TOURISM: POTENTIALS AND THREATS OF HOLIDAY TRAVEL AND DESTINATION CHOICES
Authors: KROON HENK 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMany conflicts which spring from tourism potentials and threats, impact on economic sectors, cultural processes and the environment. Countries may take different positions in these respects, but conflict resolution from an international perspective seems possible through the management of conflicts between aspects of tourism rather than between the countries themselves. Along with causes and effects hi host countries and regions, attention should also be paid to the causes in source countries and effects during travel. Partial models are needed to combine statistics and concepts into operational explanations and strategies. In this article, time series of holiday indicators for the Dutch population are analyzed, through the use of such partial models which stress the dynamics of ‘acceptance’ and allow for differentiation of social categories.
TOURISM IN PORTUGAL: DIVERSITY, DIFFUSION, AND REGIONAL AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: CAVACO CARMINDA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSocial and economic transformations, linked to changes in value systems, have led to a relative shift from mass tourism to new forms of holiday‐taking, including rural vacations. These trends are illustrated by a case study of Portugal, which experienced a massive growth of tourism, especially in coastal areas, from the 1960s. To some degree, this supplemented an older tourism tradition, based on inland spas. The growth of ‘green’ tourism in recent decades, facilitated by social and economic changes, has led to the revival of many such spa towns, as well as the emergence of new forms of rural tourism such as farm tourism, turismo da habitaçâo and hunting activity holidays. The overall impact of these new forms of tourism on rural development is, however, limited, and it should be considered as one strategy, among many others, for economic diversification.
EVALUATING TOURIST FLOWS IN HISTORIC CITIES: THE CASE OF VENICE
Authors: MONTANARI ARMANDO , MUSCARÀ CALOGERO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTVenice is one of the world's great tourist‐historic urban attractions, but this has produced a number of well‐documented threats to both its physical and cultural environments, as well as conflicts with the needs of its residents and commuters. This has led to demands that tourist inflows should be limited. Against this background, the authors argue that, in practice, Venice's tourist demand is both varied and complex. This is illustrated by their analysis of a ninefold classification of tourists, which highlights important differences in spatial behaviour, perceptiveness, receptiveness and spending power. On this basis, they propose that some categories of tourists should be actively encouraged. Finally, they conclude by emphasizing the key role of the water transport system, and the need to plan for effective separation of the access, circulation and exit of the tourist and the resident/commuting populations.
SMALL AND MEDIUM‐SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE ANTWERP‐BRUSSELS AXIS
Authors: VERHETSEL ANN , JORISSEN ANN , VANDAMME STEFAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The results of interdisciplinary research in which data and techniques of accounting are combined with theories in the field of economic geography are presented. The investigation tests the validity of some theories of economic geography on the basis of financial statement data. Up till now these theories have only been tested empirically with the use of macro‐economic data, such as employment figures. In this project, the performances of small and medium‐sized companies are analysed in the functional urban regions of Antwerp, Brussels and Mechelen. The most important conclusion is that the ‘average’ companies in the centre of the ‘research area’ show weaker financial performances than those in the periphery. If focused solely on trade companies the same pattern emerges. For industrial companies however, ‘the reversal of the centre‐periphery relations’ is not obvious.
FOREIGNERS IN BRUSSELS 1981–1991: SPATIAL CONTINUITY AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Authors: KESTELOOT CHRISTIAN , HAEGEN HERMAN VAN DER 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis contribution considers the spatial distribution of foreigners in Brussels. Fifteen nationalities are considered, among which a group of affluent foreigners linked to the international functions of the city (EU Capital and NATO headquarters) and a poor group whose beginnings can be traced to the ‘guestworkers’ immigration in the late sixties and early seventies. Firstly, the population structure of Brussels and the position of its foreigners are outlined in a historical perspective. Then, the housing market structure and its spatial distribution are explained. Both elements are crucial to the understanding of the contrasting residential distribution of the affluent foreigners and the guestworkers. Finally, the changes in the composition of the foreign communities between 1981 and 1991 are examined and related to processes of urban restructuring. They express the passage from a Fordist to a post‐Fordist city whereby spatial patterns merely change, but deepening contrasts in the social structure appear.
ETHNIC SEGREGATION AND THE ROLE OF PUBLIC HOUSING IN AMSTERDAM
Authors: MUSTERD SAKO , DEURLOO RINUS 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDutch cities are characterized by moderate levels of ethnic (and social) segregation if compared with other countries in the Western world. Dutch cities are also famous for their large share of public housing in the total stock. Not surprisingly these two features are frequently supposed to be causally related. However, in this contribution this association is challenged on the basis of a review of existing and well‐described segregation situations, and on the basis of an empirical GIS analysis of micro‐level data from the Amsterdam population register. Ethnic segregation may also develop within the large public housing sector.
PLACE PROMOTION, ECONOMIC LOCATION AND THE CONSUMPTION OF CITY IMAGE
Authors: YOUNG CRAIG , LEVER JONATHAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAs European and American cities suffer the effects of declining manufacturing bases place promotion strategies have become increasingly important to attract new investment. These involve the creation of a new image of cities. However, very little is known about how effective the marketed image is. The role of the image of Manchester (UK) promoted by the Central Manchester Development Corporation (CMDC) in office relocation is evaluated. An analysis of the experience of office managers as consumers of this image reveals considerable diversity of perception. The results suggest the need for further research into the nature and effectiveness of place images.
THE ASIAN PACIFIC RIM IN THE GLOBAL GAME
Authors: SINGH MAHINDAR SANTOKH 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe socio‐political and economic processes of regionalization are varied. This article attempts at understanding the how and in which directions the Pacific Rim, especially the Asian Pacific Region, has been able to create a dynamic environment that has increased its significance, competitiveness and contribution to the global game of contemporary capitalism. The article proposes a new scheme of analysis that focuses on the financial capital and intellectual capital‐led regional integration processes operating in the information era. It draws on local, historical and geographical time‐space specifications of major stakeholders to support the arguments on how places added value.
VIETNAM AND THE ‘THIRD WAY’: THE NATURE OF SOCIO‐ECONOMIC TRANSITION
Authors: FAHEY STEPHANIE 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA major dilemma for the Vietnamese state during transition from a command to market economy is how to manage the emergence of market forces within an existing Marxist ideology. The quandary for commentators is whether a hybrid form of the socialist market or the ‘third way’ is a viable goal. Underpinning the analysis of socio‐economic change in former socialist countries is some understanding of the processes by which the transition occurs. Questions of process are the major focus of the increasing volume of literature on transition in Vietnam. In this article questions of process are also addressed but the analysis is extended to a discussion of what the outcome of transition will be. It is clear in Eastern Europe and the former USSR that economic and political institutions which supported socialism disintegrated with a ‘big bang’ and that these countries are in the process of rebuilding themselves according to the principles of the capitalist market. It is argued that in Vietnam as in China, the process of transition has been one of ‘gradualism’ beginning with micro‐economic followed by macro‐economic reforms but with limited political reform. The intention of both Vietnamese and Chinese policy‐makers is not to create a capitalist market but a socialist‐oriented market in which the Communist Party leadership remains in place and that public ownership of the means of production is a declared priority. In this article historical, cultural, social as well as economic evidence is drawn upon to argue that persistence of a hybrid socio‐economic structure in Vietnam is possible.
THE IMPACT OF TOYOTA ON DERBYSHIRE'S LOCAL ECONOMY AND LABOUR MARKET
Authors: FOLEY PAUL , HUTCHINSON JO , HERBANE BRAHIM , TAIT GILLIAN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMany localities are aware of the need to attract inward investment. This article examines the impact of Toyota's £700 million investment in Derbyshire. It investigates its direct and indirect employment effects. The article attempts to go beyond the predominantly quantitative approach adopted in previous studies by examining the characteristics of the new jobs at Toyota, and those who secure them. In addition, the nature of supplier likages and multiplier effects is investigated to analyse secondary effects. Whilst approximately 3, 000 jobs will be directly created by Toyota, there may be some disruptive effects in the local labour market. Furthermore, the potential for employment through supplier linkages and multiplier effects has not yet been maximised, although it is possible that these may materialise in the longer term. Discussion of these factors clearly highlights the fact mat the attraction of inward investment is only the first stage in the process of significant job creation.
NAMING AND PLACING THE OTHER: POWER AND THE URBAN LANDSCAPE IN ZANZIBAR
Authors: MYERS GARTH ANDREW 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPlace names mark the spatiality of power relationships, but toponymy has yet to be reexamined in light of human geography's recent philosophical and theoretical emphasis on power and language. This essay utilizes the example of Zanzibar's Ng'ambo neighborhoods, literally the city's ‘Other Side’, in order to show how toponymy and boundary‐making embody a complex spatial discourse on power. Rather than simply reflecting the impress of state or elite ideologies, the toponymic tapestry of the Other Side and the micro‐geographies of boundary‐making that accompany it indicate die presence of many interwoven layers of power in the landscape. Toponymy and the accompanying emplacement process can thus be rich sources for analysis of the ‘capillary’ nature of power.
THE REVIVAL OF FRANCE'S PORT CITIES
Authors: BAUDOUIN THIERRY , COLLIN MICHELE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPort cities the world over have been subjected to huge and rapid transformations by events in the international arena, and France is no exception. This situation has triggered a readjustment of the balance of power within French port cities, the pace and scope of which is insufficient compared to the scale of the exogenous changes. This imbalance is probably die most striking aspect of die process of adaptation to changing conditions visible in France's port cities today. We will begin by analysing die challenges, at the end of die Fordist era, to die French government's strategic choices, i.e., die development of the nation's ports with a domestic and industrial bias. This period was then followed by a policy of European integration, with a fundamentally continental emphasis. We will go on to outline die beginnings of a renaissance of France's port cities due firstly to die initiatives of die local audiorities, and die renewed interest they have shown in their ports and their economic potential, and secondly to die new relationship forged between die State and private sectors in die domain of port activity.
ITALIAN PORTS AND THE WIND OF CHANGE
Authors: RIDOLFI GIOVANNI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn Italy, sea routes have always been of great importance both for inter‐island and trade links. Italian ports handle 67% of the total volume of imports and 41% of exports. Italy's economy is therefore heavily dependent on sea transport and effective port activities. Nevertheless, the contribution of maritime commerce to the general transport system has not been adequate because the lack of a decisive policy for the sector has put a brake on the development of sea transport and ports. Good prospects however have emerged from new government undertakings to organise the whole maritime‐port‐transport sector into some sort of order. This will involve, in harmony with the EU, the criteria of interdependence and functional integration of the different modalities of transport, which will contribute towards improving inland accessibilty between the less developed south and the developed north regions, and also external accessibility, that is the access to the neighbouring countries of the advanced transalpine North and of the emerging trans‐Mediterranean South.
Genetic diversity of the subterranean Gansu zokor in a semi‐natural landscape
Authors: Lin G. H. , Cai Z. Y. , Zhang T. Z. , Su J. P. , Thirgood S. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe studied the relationship between genetic diversity of the subterranean Gansu zokor Myospalax cansus and habitat variability in the Loess Plateau, Qinghai Province, China. We used a combination of geographic information systems and molecular techniques to assess the impact of habitat composition and human activities on the genetic diversity of zokor populations in this semi‐natural landscape. Although they occurred relatively infrequently in the landscape, woodland and high‐coverage grassland habitats were the main positive contributors to the genetic diversity of zokor populations. Rural residential land, plain agricultural land and low‐coverage grassland had a negative effect on genetic diversity. Hilly agricultural land and middle‐coverage grassland had little impact on zokor genetic diversity. There were also interactions between some habitat types, that is, habitat types with relatively better quality together promoted conservation of genetic diversity, while the interaction between (among) bad habitat types made situations worse. Finally, habitat diversity, measured as patch richness and Shannon's diversity index, was positively correlated with the genetic diversity. These results demonstrated that: (1) different habitat types had different effects on the genetic diversity of zokor populations and (2) habitat quality and habitat heterogeneity were important in maintaining genetic diversity. Habitat composition was closely related to land use thus emphasizing the importance of human activities on the genetic diversity of subterranean rodent populations in this semi‐natural landscape. Although the Gansu zokor was considered to be a pest species in the Loess Plateau, our study provides insights for the management and conservation of other subterranean rodent species.
Reproductive dynamics of a tropical freshwater crocodilian: Morelet's crocodile in northern Belize
Authors: Platt S. G. , Rainwater T. R. , Thorbjarnarson J. B. , McMurry S. T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMorelet's crocodile Crocodylus moreletii has not been well‐studied and many aspects of its life history are unknown. In particular there is a notable paucity of information on nesting and reproductive ecology. We studied the nesting ecology of Morelet's crocodile in northern Belize from 1992 through 1995. Nesting occurs at the onset of the wet season in mid‐June and continues through mid‐July (mean oviposition date =1 July±10 days). Eggs hatch from mid‐August through mid‐ to late September. Nesting effort at our primary study site remained relatively constant during 1992, 1993 and 1995, but nearly doubled in 1994; this appeared to reflect a regional trend. Natural and man‐made islands are heavily used as nesting sites. Nesting success in 1993 and 1994 was consistently higher on natural islands when compared with man‐made islands or shoreline sites. Nest losses were primarily due to flooding and raccoon Procyon lotor predation. Losses from predation were greatest in 1994 when unseasonably low water levels facilitated predator access to nests. Females probably reach sexual maturity in 7–8 years after attaining a total length of 150 cm. Mean clutch size (25.0±7.6; range=9–42; n=73) did not differ among years. Mean clutch size, egg width (EW), egg length, egg mass (EM) and clutch mass were positively correlated with female snout–vent length (SVL). Mean EW was the best predictor of female SVL. A partial correlation analysis of egg and clutch attributes found that independent of female SVL, EM increases with increasing clutch size.
Variation of group size among African buffalo herds in a forest‐savanna mosaic landscape
Authors: Korte L. M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDocumenting within species group size variation is important to completely understand social organization within species and to interpret variation among species. Here, I investigated group size of African buffalo Syncerus caffer over 2 years in a heterogeneous landscape. African buffalo use closed continuous forest and vast open savannas, and anecdotal observations suggest that habitat type influences their social structure. While the Cape buffalo Syncerus caffer caffer is well studied, few data exist for the forest‐dwelling Syncerus caffer nanus. I observed forest buffalo at Lopé National Park, Gabon, and examined variation of group size. Eighteen forest buffalo herds used the study area with an estimated population of 342 individuals (∼5 buffalo km−2). The mean group size for the 18 herds was 12 ± 2 (range of means=3–24), considerably smaller than Cape buffalo herds. For eight radiocollared forest buffalo, the mean group size was stable, varying little with time of day, across seasons, or between savanna and marsh habitat. However, herd size varied widely across herds, from fewer than 10 individuals in the smallest herds to more than 20 buffalo in the largest. Large herd size is associated with home ranges that contain substantial areas of open habitat, and thus more food resources than forested habitats.
Are gram‐positive bacteria capable of electron transfer across their cell wall without an externally available electron shuttle?
Authors: EHRLICH H. L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe extensive contributions by Terry Beveridge to our understanding of the differences in cell wall organization with respect to structure, chemistry and compartmentalization between gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria are summarized. These contributions greatly aided in conceptualization of recent discoveries concerning electron export and import across cell walls of some gram‐negative bacteria. Although electron export and import across the cell wall by any gram‐positive has not been documented so far, Beveridge's observations and concepts concerning cell walls of gram‐positive bacteria suggest potential mechanisms by which such electron transfer may occur.