bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal verrucous carcinoma: A clinicopathologic study and detection of human papillomavirus using polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Fliss Dan M. , Noble‐Topham Sandra E. , Mclachlin C. Margaret , Freeman Jeremy L. , Noyek Arnold M. , Van Nostrand A. W. Peter , Hartwick R. Warren J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngeal verrucous carcinoma (LVC) is a rare, well‐differentiated variant of squamous carcinoma with a low malignant potential. Human papillomavirus (HPV)–16 DNA has been identified in a small number of LVC and an etiologic relationship has been suggested. A correlative clinical and molecular pathological study was performed in order to determine the prevalence and typing of HPV DNA in LVC. Possible associations between patient and tumor subsets, and the presence of HPV DNA were also investigated. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples from 29 patients with LVC were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using DNA primers specific for HPV types 6b/11, 16, and 18. Overall, HPVDNA was detected in 13 (45%) of the cases. Of these, HPV‐16 DNA, HPV‐18 DNA, and both HPV‐16 DNA and HPV‐18 DNA were detected in 4 (14% overall; 31% of positive cases), 4, and 5 (17% overall; 38% of positive cases), respectively. HPV‐6b/11 DNA was not detected in any LVCs. In 16 cases, no HPV DNA was detected. There was a trend toward HPV DNA detection in higher stage tumors. HPV DNA detection was unrelated to patient age, tumor site, or radiotherapeutic responsiveness. The detection of HPV DNA in 45% of LVCs suggests an association between the presence of HPV‐16 DNA and HPV‐18 DNA, and some LVCs.
Testing biomechanical strength of repairs for the mandibular angle fracture
Authors: Dichard Arthur , Klotch Douglas W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA biomechanical model using polystyrene mandibles with simple angle fractures was developed to evaluate the structural strength of a variety of commonly used plate repairs. The model standardized the fracture location, load site, plate location, and site of deformation measurement. The only variables in the study were the nine different reconstruction types tested.Precise measurements of the deformation under load demonstrated statistically significant intra‐group reproducibility for each repair. Data support previous clinical and experimental studies demonstrating the superiority of a two‐plate system applied to the tension and compression regions of the mandible when compared to single‐plate repairs using either noncompression (bridging) or eccentric dynamic compression plates.
Tongue reinnervation by hypoglossal‐lingual nerve transfer
Authors: Weinberger J. M. , Houlden D. , Mackinnon S. E. , Evans P. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe morbidity associated with total glossectomy for treatment of base of tongue carcinomas provides the impetus to investigate techniques to salvage the uninvolved normal anterior tongue. This report describes a method of reinnervation of the anterior tongue using a hypoglossal‐lingual transfer. In Cynomologous monkeys, unilateral transfers with and without a subsequent muscle fillet resulted in reinnervation from the base to the tip of the tongue. It is proposed that hypoglossal‐lingual nerve transfers be considered to allow sparing and return of function to the anterior tongue in conjunction with a resection of the tongue base. Additional experiments confirmed that the base of the tongue, like other midline muscles, has bilateral and separate innervation. The presence of a physiological lingual‐hypoglossal reflex in the normal animal was documented.
Laser laryngoplasty for laryngomalacia
Authors: McClurg F. L. Don , Evans David A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants. In severe cases, it results in obstructive sleep apnea, cor pulmonale, gastroesophageal reflux, failure to thrive, and pectus excavatum.Our experience with 24 children who underwent laser excision of redundant supraglottic tissue from May 1987 to July 1991 is reviewed. The technique emphasizes preoperative planning with flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy, apneic anesthetic for the procedure, conservative resection of tissue, and the need for complete airway evaluation. In our series, 71% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms. Nine of 10 postoperative sleep studies indicated improvement. In 4 patients, collapse developed later in other areas of the supraglottis, resulting in recurrence of stridor several months after the initial procedure, and requiring revision laryngoplasty. In several patients with other significant sites of upper airway obstruction (e.g., tonsils and adenoids, and a tongue base cyst), laryngomalacia became more significant following alleviation of the primary source of airway obstruction. Twelve patients (50%) required additional airway procedures either before or following initial laryngoplasty. Patient selection, sleep study data, and complications are reviewed.
Salvage split course brachytherapy for tonsil and soft palate carcinoma: Treatment techniques and results
Authors: Maulard C. , Housset M. , Delanian S. , Ucla L. , Rozec C. , Chauveinc L. , Baillet F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom December 1981 to October 1990, 28 patients with prior irradiation of the oropharynx underwent salvage brachytherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and/or the soft palate. The patients were free of cervical nodes and without metastatic disease. There were 4 immediate failures of radiotherapy, 14 local recurrences, and 10 new malignancies. The mean size of the lesion was 2.7 ± 1.7 cm (range, 0.5 to 7 cm). The initial irradiation had delivered 40 to 80 Gy (mean, 69 Gy) to the oropharynx with a mean interval between external therapy and salvage treatment of 22 ± 28 months. Salvage brachytherapy consisted of two split course implants done 1 month apart, delivering 35 and 30 Gy, respectively. Fifteen patients (46.5%) were clinically disease‐free before the second implant and 23 (82%) were clinically disease‐free at the end of treatment. Five local failures have been observed without any influence of the tumor size, the topographic site of the tumor, or the histological differentiation. Of the 4 patients who previously had failed with external beam therapy, 3 were disease‐free after salvage brachytherapy. Among the 23 patients in complete remission, 4 (17%) presented a local recurrence within a mean time of 5 months. The overall local control rate was 68% with a mean follow‐up of 41 ± 29 months. The overall actuarial survival was 25% and 19% at 2 and 5 years, respectively; it was 30% at 5 years for the patients presenting with lesions less than or equal to 3 cm. Tolerance was acceptable. Among the 23 patients who achieved complete remission, subsequent soft‐tissue necrosis was observed in 4 cases. For these 4 patients, the interval between previous radiation therapy and salvage treatment was short (mean, 7 months). Interstitial split course brachytherapy offers an effective and reasonable option for salvage therapy in patients with recurrent and second cancers occurring in the tonsillar region and in the soft palate, even when the tumor arises in a zone that has previously received high‐dose irradiation.
The uncinate process: A histological and morphological study
Authors: Wakey Mark , Takeno Sachio , Hawke Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe uncinate process (UP) has become a familiar anatomical landmark to otolaryngologists due to the increasing popularity of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in recent years. This study examines the histological and morphological features of UPs removed from a group of patients undergoing FESS operations for chronic sinusitis. The structure of the UP by light microscopy (LM) is reported. A relatively high proportion of goblet cells and seromucous glands was noted. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified four surface cell types on the UP. Furthermore, four categories of surface morphology were noted. The most common appearance was of predominantly ciliated cells. A nonciliated surface ultrastructure is associated with a longer history of sinonasal symptoms and a higher incidence of surgical intervention.
The early development of sino‐nasal mucosa
Authors: Wake Mark , Takeno Sachio , Hawke Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe development of human nasal mucosa was studied in 20 fetal heads between 8 and 24 weeks of gestation. Initially the nasal cavity is lined by a single layer of flattened cells, which produces two to three layers of undifferentiated spherical cells. Olfactory epithelium lines the cranial portion of the human fetal nasal cavity at 8 weeks of gestation. Pseudostratified ciliated cuboidal or columnar epithelium appears at 9 weeks of gestation in the nasal cavity and between 14 and 16 weeks of gestation in the primitive ethmoid sinuses and maxillary sinus infundibulum. Goblet cells and glandular acini appear between 12 and 14 weeks of gestation. Initially these goblet cells/glands are found predominantly in the anterior nasal cavity but are more evenly distributed at 24 weeks of gestation. The epithelial development of the nasal septum generally precedes that of the lateral nasal wall. This study documents nasal mucosal maturation and associated anatomic development in the human fetus.
The effect of prostaglandins E2 and F2a on brain and tracheal ciliary activity
Authors: Roth Yehudah , Kronenberg Jona 
Published: October 2006

AbstractProstaglandins E2 and F2a have a mild stimulatory effect (+ 11% to 18% from baseline) on the in vitro ciliary beat frequency in tracheal rings, which contain mucus‐producing cells, and in brain slices, which are devoid of mucus. Results are compared with previous studies and the merits of the used experimental models are discussed.
Age‐related basement membrane thickening of the vocal cords in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Authors: Shatz Anat , Arensburg Baruch , Hiss Yehuda , Hammel Ilan , Variend Sadik 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains the leading cause of death in the Western world among infants between the ages of 1 month to 1 year. The diagnosis can only be established at autopsy, at which time no obvious or recognizable pathology is evident. A correlation between thickening of the basement membrane of the true vocal cords and the victim's age was observed in all 51 larynges examined, whereas no such finding was detected in 82 larynges of infants who died of other causes. Thus, the data support the authors' previous morphological results suggesting the use of basement membrane thickening as a marker of positive diagnosis of SIDS at autopsy. The possibility that an immune process may be associated with this syndrome merits further investigation and could prove to be of great importance.
Safety of ototopical antibiotics
Authors: Bradley Welling D. , Arick Forrest L. , Goll Frederick 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA prospective randomized study analyzing the safety and efficacy of a single dose of ototopical antibiotics following human middle ear tympanostomy tube insertion was performed. Fifty children undergoing bilateral tympanostomy tube insertion were studied by the placement of 0.5 mL of Cortisporin Otic Suspension (COS; Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, N.C.) to one middle ear space by random assignment. Preoperative and postoperative audiograms were obtained, and the presence of otorrhea was noted. In one patient sensorineural hearing loss of 6 dB developed bilaterally, which was symmetric in both the treated and the untreated ear. This preliminary study showed no statistical difference in hearing loss or postoperative otorrhea associated with a single application of Cortisporin to the middle ear space.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of vocal fold medialization surgery
Authors: Ford Charles N. , Unger June M. , Zundel Roger S. , Bless Diane M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHistorically, clinicians have used subjective assessment and perceptual judgments, supplemented with acoustic measures, aerodynamic studies, and videostroboscopy, to determine the effects of phonosurgery. When phonosurgical results are poor, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be useful in determining how the surgical modifications contributed to the anatomical and functional status of the vocal folds.The authors present examples of MRI following vocal fold medialization by injection, thyroplasty, and arytenoid adduction. Findings reveal that the superior contrast resolution of MRI can precisely identify placement and persistence of injected implants and is particularly helpful in showing effects of the size and shape of alloplastic prostheses on vocal fold displacement. Such information is useful in troubleshooting suboptimal results and in planning revision thyroplasty by defining modification in the design of prostheses and the placement of cartilaginous windows in medialization thyroplasty. MRI can also aid in confirming indications for and limitations of certain procedures.
Rhinoscleroma treated with ciprofloxacin: A case report
Authors: Avery Robin K. , Salman Salah D. , Baker Ann Sullivan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRhinoscleroma, a chronic progressive infection of the nose and associated structures caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, has posed a therapeutic dilemma since its identification in the late 1800s. Although a number of antibiotics have been found to be effective in this relapsing disorder, 1‐6 the lengthy duration of treatment can lead to problems with adverse effects and compliance, especially with the traditional therapies of streptomycin and tetracycline. We report on a patient with extensive nasal rhinoscleroma who achieved pathologic and bacteriologic resolution during treatment with oral ciprofloxacin after previous courses of tetracycline and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. Ciprofloxacin may prove to be useful in the therapy of rhinoscleroma because it is convenient for oral administration, achieves good tissue levels, is concentrated in macrophages, 7 and is generally well tolerated as long‐term therapy. As mentioned in a recent review of patients with rhinoscleroma at the Mayo Clinic, the fluoroquinolones deserve further study as potentially highly effective agents for this uncommon but significant infectious condition.8
A Point Mutation in theAspergillus nidulans sonBNup98 Nuclear Pore Complex Gene Causes Conditional DNA Damage Sensitivity
Authors: De Souza Colin P C , Hashmi Shahr B , Horn Kevin P , Osmani Stephen A 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe nuclear pore complex (NPC) is embedded in the nuclear envelope where it mediates transport between the cytoplasm and nucleus and helps to organize nuclear architecture. We previously isolated sonB1, a mutation encoding a single amino acid substitution within the Aspergillus nidulans SONBnNup98 NPC protein (nucleoporin). Here we demonstrate that this mutation causes marked DNA damage sensitivity at 42°. Although SONBnNup98 has roles in the G2 transition, we demonstrate that the G2 DNA damage checkpoint is functional in the sonB1 mutant at 42°. The MRN complex is composed of MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1 and functions in checkpoint signaling, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. At 42° we find that the DNA damage response defect of sonB1 mutants causes synthetic lethality when combined with mutations in scaANBS1, the A. nidulans homolog of NBS1. We provide evidence that this synthetic lethality is independent of MRN cell cycle checkpoint functions or MREAMRE11-mediated DNA repair functions. We also demonstrate that the single A. nidulans histone H2A gene contains the C-terminal SQE motif of histone H2AX isoforms and that this motif is required for the DNA damage response. We propose that the sonB1 nucleoporin mutation causes a defect in a novel part of the DNA damage response.
Diverse Roles for Histone H2A Modifications in DNA Damage Response Pathways in Yeast
Authors: Moore John D , Yazgan Oya , Ataian Yeganeh , Krebs Jocelyn E 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
There are many types of DNA damage that are repaired by a multiplicity of different repair pathways. All damage and repair occur in the context of chromatin, and histone modifications are involved in many repair processes. We have analyzed the roles of H2A and its modifications in repair by mutagenizing modifiable residues in the N- and C-terminal tails of yeast H2A and by testing strains containing these mutations in multiple DNA repair assays. We show that residues in both tails are important for homologous recombination and nonhomologous end-joining pathways of double-strand break repair, as well as for survival of UV irradiation and oxidative damage. We show that H2A serine 122 is important for repair and/or survival in each of these assays. We also observe a complex pattern of H2A phosphorylation at residues S122, T126, and S129 in response to different damage conditions. We find that overlapping but nonidentical groups of H2A residues in both tails are involved in different pathways of repair. These data suggest the presence of a set of H2A “damage codes” in which distinct patterns of modifications on both tails of H2A may be used to identify specific types of damage or to promote specific repair pathways.
Nonsurgical Approaches to Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ryan David P. 
Published: October 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the potential for nonsurgical approaches to colon cancer.Discuss radiofrequency ablation data for metastatic colon cancer.Discuss the utility of radiation in metastatic colon cancer patients.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
The Use of Tetracaine 0.25% Solution in Nasal Packing Removal
Authors: Lachanas Vassilios A. , Karatzias George T. , Pinakas Vassilios G. , Hatziioannou John K. , Sandris Vassilios G. 
Published: October 2006

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of Merocel nasal package rehydration with tetracaine 0.25% solution, in reducing discomfort of nasal packing removal after septoplasty. Methods A prospective study was conducted on patients undergoing pure septoplasty. Merocel packing was applied in each side and kept for 2 days postoperatively. Merocel was rehydrated before removal, with 4 mL of saline on one side and 4 mL of tetracaine 0.25% solution on the other side. Patients were asked to evaluate severity of pain during nasal packing removal on each side by a visual analog scale. Patients’ data, pain score, and potential complications were placed in a database and statistically assessed. Results Our series consisted of 141 persons. Statistical analysis showed significant lower pain score in favor of the tetracaine group. No tetracaine complications or side effects occurred. Conclusion Merocel packing rehydration with tetracaine 0.25% solution is an easy, safe, inexpensive, and effective analgesia method for nasal packing removal in septoplasty.
Nasal Augmentation using Injectable Alginate and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rabbit
Authors: Park Dong-Joon , Choi Jin Hyun , Kim Yoo-Jung , Kim Jin-Hyung , Kim Ki-Taek 
Published: October 2006

Background The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of the autogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) impregnated in an injectable alginate gel containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for nasal augmentation in rabbit model. Methods Bone marrow–derived MSCs were isolated and expanded from New Zealand white rabbits. At confluence, the cells were mixed with sodium alginate solution. PRP was prepared from the rabbits and it was immediately mixed into the alginate–cell mixture. The cell–PRP–alginate mix was injected into a subcutaneous nasal area. Eight weeks after injection changes in facial contour, newly formed nasal hump was analyzed and the amount of chondroitin sulfate in tissue was measured. Results Augmented nasal dorsa maintained their original shape until harvest. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the deposited matrix was composed of type II collagen and that it was distributed abundantly and widely in the connective tissue of the tissue generated. The amount of chondroitin sulfate (main component of the proteoglycan in cartilage) produced was significantly higher when MSCs and PRP-alginate were used. Conclusion Injectable PRP-alginate gel containing autologous mesenchymal stem cells may offer a useful means of facial soft tissue augmentation.
Reconstruction of Skull Base Defects after Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Resection of Anterior Skull Base Neoplasms
Authors: Leong Jern-Lin , Citardi Martin J. , Batra Pete S. 
Published: October 2006

Background The endoscopic resection of the cribriform plate during minimally invasive endoscopic resection (MIER) of the anterior skull base neoplasms may result in large anterior skull base defects. The objective of this study is to describe techniques for the management of skull base defects after MIER. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing MIER and skull base reconstruction between April 2000 and August 2005. Results Fourteen patients underwent endoscopic resection of anterior skull base tumors and reconstruction during the study period. The mean age was 57.4 years (range, 26–84 years). The sex distribution was eight men and six women. The specific indications for resection included 11 malignant and 3 benign neoplasms. Ten patients received adjuvant therapy, and in two instances this occurred before surgery. In all instances, the dura was exposed; however, only 10 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks were encountered intraoperatively. Reconstruction of the skull base was successfully performed, most commonly in a multilayer fashion, using an array of materials including cartilage, fat, acellular dermal graft, and mucosal free grafts. Lumbar drain placement was used in seven cases for an average of 5.6 days. No postoperative CSF leaks occurred. The mean follow-up was 18.0 months (range, 1–56 months). Conclusion This report describes methods for the reconstruction of the skull base after MIER. Reconstitution of the skull base barrier can be achieved through application of principles for surgical repair of CSF rhinorrhea.