bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter Ablation of Peri‐AV Nodal Atrial Tachycardia from the Noncoronary Cusp of the Aortic Valve
Authors: DAS SAUMYA , NEUZIL PETR , ALBERT CHRISTINE M. , D'AVILA ANDRE , MANSOUR MOUSSA , MELA THEOFANIE , ELLINOR PATRICK T. , SINGH JAGMEET , PATTON KRISTEN , RUSKIN JEREMY N. , REDDY VIVEK Y. 
Published: November 2007

Introduction: Atrial tachycardias (AT) originating from the anteroseptal region of the aortic root, near the atrioventricular node can be challenging to eliminate safely by catheter ablation. In this study, we examine the characteristics of anteroseptal ATs in a cohort of patients at our centers, and demonstrate the long‐term efficacy and safety of targeting the arrhythmias from within the base of the noncoronary aortic valve cusp (NCC). Methods & Results: From among a cohort of 54 patients with symptomatic focal AT undergoing invasive electrophysiological evaluation, the point of earliest right atrial (RA) activation was at the peri‐AV nodal region in 10 patients, just postero‐superior to the His‐bundle. Before further mapping, RA lesions placed in two patients were unsuccessful in eliminating the arrhythmia. Because of its proximity to the interatrial septum, the base of the NCC was mapped using a retrograde aortic approach, and revealed a point of early activation without the presence of a His potential. The arrhythmia terminated with <10 seconds of radiofrequency or cryothermal energy delivery and was successfully eliminated in 7 of 10 patients. Transient termination or acceleration of the AT was noted in the other three patients, prompting successful ablation from a left atrial septal position or a reattempt from a para‐Hisian RA position. All patients have been arrhythmia free during follow‐up (41 ± 12 months). Conclusions: Catheter ablation from within the base of the NCC represents a safe and effective means to eliminate focal AT arising from the peri‐AV nodal region.
Cellular Mechanism and Arrhythmogenic Potential of T‐Wave Alternans in the Brugada Syndrome
Authors: FISH JEFFREY M. , ANTZELEVITCH CHARLES 
Published: November 2007

Introduction: T‐wave alternans (TWA) is characterized by beat to beat alteration in the amplitude, polarity and/or morphology of the electrocardiographic T wave. TWA has been reported in patients with the Brugada syndrome (BS) and is thought to be associated with an increased risk for development of VT/VF. The cellular mechanisms involved are not well‐defined and are the subject of this investigation. Methods: In an experimental model of BS composed of an arterially perfused canine right ventricular wedge preparation pretreated with verapamil (1–7 μM), an agent with sodium and calcium channel blocking activity, we simultaneously recorded transmembrane action potentials from two epicardial and one endocardial site, together with a pseudo‐ECG. At select frequencies, verapamil induced alternans of both the T‐wave amplitude and QT interval. The alternans resulted from either loss of the epicardial action potential dome on alternate beats or concealed phase 2 reentry within the epicardium on alternate beats. Loss of the epicardial action potential dome significantly increased transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) when compared with control (18.0 ± 7.8 ms vs. 82.1 ± 16.8 ms, P < 0.001, n = 8). During alternans, TDR was greater in beats displaying a more negative T wave (55.1 ± 45.2 ms vs. 89.8 ± 39.3 ms, P < 0.001, n = 22 data points from 8 preparations). Conclusions: Our data indicate that TWA in an experimental model of the Brugada syndrome is due to alternating loss of the epicardial AP dome and/or concealed phase 2 reentry, both serving to increase TDR and create the substrate for the development VT/VF.
Auricular Rehabilitation by Means of Bone Grafting from the Iliac Crest in Combination with Porous Extraoral Implants: A Case Report
Authors: Dib Luciano Lauria , De Oliveira Joaquim Augusto Piras , Neves Rogerio Izar , Sandoval Renata Lazari , Nannmark Ulf 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Maxillofacial defects caused by cancer treatment are a huge problem affecting the quality of life of patients. Some of these deformities are minimized using facial epitheses, which need some additional retention devices like glasses or skin adhesives. The use of extraoral fixtures as bone anchorage was introduced many years ago and since then many patients were rehabilitated with better results.Purpose:  Because of poor bone conditions, for example, irradiated bone, the success rate of extraoral implants is less than in the oral cavity, causing difficulties to rehabilitation. One possible cause of fixture failure could be the poor primary stability achieved in some cases, hence, with an increased bone contact implant stability and survival could be improved. The present report discusses possibilities to use extraoral fixtures with a modified surface structure.Materials and Methods:  A new porous surfaced Brazilian extraoral implant (MasterExtra®, Conexão, Sistema de Próteses, São Paulo, Brazil) was used. A bone transplant from the iliac crest was taken to make it possible to insert at least three extraoral implants for an auricle epithesis. Clinical evaluation and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements were performed during the course of the treatment.Results:  Eight months after grafting, four fixtures were inserted. Three fixtures were used for connection of an auricular epithesis. RFA measurements did show high initial values and the values remained stable during the course of the treatment and at later checkups.Conclusion:  Porous fixture is a good option in areas where the bone is compromised. RFA is a good tool also in the clinical setting to evaluate immediate and long‐term stability of extraoral fixtures.
Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation and Simultaneous Placement of Implants – A 1‐Year Retrospective Study with Astra Tech Implants
Authors: Fermergård Robert , Åstrand Per 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBackground: The bone support for implants in the posterior part of the maxilla is often poor. This condition may be treated with augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor. The most common technique used is to elevate the sinus floor by inserting a bone graft through a window opened in the lateral antral wall, although less invasive techniques with osteotomes have been used since 1994.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of implants placed in the posterior maxilla with the osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) technique without grafting.Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 36 consecutive patients in whom 53 implants were inserted with the OSFE technique. The indication for sinus floor elevation was that the bone height below the maxillary sinus was considered to be 10 mm or less.Results: The mean height of the alveolar process in the intended implant sites was 6.3 ± 0.3 mm, and the mean elevation of the sinus floor was 4.4 ± 0.2 mm. At the 1‐year follow‐up, two implants had been lost, both in edentulous patients. The remaining 51 implants inserted were in function, giving a 1‐year cumulative survival rate of 96%. Implants used in single‐tooth replacements and in partially edentulous cases had a 100% survival rate. The mean marginal bone level at the time of loading of the implants was 0.1 ± 0.04 mm below the reference point. One year later, the corresponding value was 0.5 ± 0.06 mm. The mean bone loss between the two examinations was 0.4 ± 0.05 mm.Conclusions: The OSFE technique, without bone grafts, was found to produce predictable results in the treatment of 36 patients with restricted bone volume in the posterior part of the maxilla.
SOLUBILITY OF TOCOPHEROL AND TOCOTRIENOLS FROM PALM OIL IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE
Authors: PUAH CHIEW WEI , CHOO YUEN MAY , MA AH NGAN , CHUAH CHENG HOCK 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT The supercritical fluid extraction of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienols) from palm oil was carried out in a dynamic (flow‐through) system. The experiments were carried out in a 3 × 3 factorial design with three equally spaced pressures (14, 22 and 30 MPa) and three equally spaced temperatures (40, 60 and 80C). The tocols obtained were quantified using off‐line high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. The effects of operating pressure and temperature on the extraction and solubility of tocols in supercritical carbon dioxide were investigated. The results showed that tocols have solubility in the range of 0.94 × 10−3 to 0.018 mg/g CO2 for the conditions investigated in this study. The concentration of tocols was optimized at 22 MPa and 40C for palm oil. The selectivity of tocols follows the preference of δ‐tocotrienol > γ‐tocotrienol > α‐tocotrienol > α‐tocopherol .PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCrude palm oil (CPO) is unique among the common vegetable oils because of its high content of tocotrienols. Tocotrienols are more powerful antioxidants than tocopherols. Thus, CPO provides a good source for the production of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienols) from a natural plant source. The solubility data obtained in the present study are important for the design and optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of tocols because complex mixtures can lead to changes in solubility and mass transfer behavior. This study demonstrated that individual tocols have different maximum solubility and thus provide an alternative method for selective extraction of individual tocols.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ENZYME‐ASSISTED COLD‐PRESSED COTTONSEED OIL
Authors: LATIF SAJID , ANWAR FAROOQ , ASHRAF MUHAMMAD 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT Physicochemical properties of enzyme‐assisted cold‐pressed oils from seeds of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), using five commercial enzymes (Phytezyme, Allzyme, Natuzyme, Kemzyme and Feedzyme), were compared with those of the control (without enzyme) and solvent‐extracted oils. Enzyme‐extracted cottonseed oil yield ranged from 9.70 to 12.89%, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the control (8.50%). No significant (P > 0.05) variation in the protein, fiber and ash contents was observed in all extracted oilseed residues. The saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, free fatty acid content, specific extinctions at 232 and 270 nm, and peroxide and p‐anisidine values of the enzyme‐extracted oils were lower than those of solvent‐extracted oils but comparable with those of the control. The fatty acid composition of the control, enzyme‐ and solvent‐extracted cottonseed oils revealed no significant (P > 0.05) variation with regard to the constituent fatty acid contents. However, the enzyme‐extracted oils had relatively lower levels of stearic acid. When compared with the control, the α‐tocopherol content was high in the Phytezyme‐, Natuzyme‐ and Feedzyme‐extracted oils; nevertheless, it was comparable with those in solvent‐extracted oils. The level of γ‐tocopherol in enzyme‐extracted oils was comparable with the control, but generally higher than that in the solvent‐extracted oils.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEnzyme‐assisted cold pressing is very effective in enhancing the oil yield, with better quality of end‐use products and involves lower capital investment than that of solvent extraction. Commercial enzymes were used in this study and the proposed enzyme‐assisted extraction method will be beneficial for the local vegetable oilseed extraction sector and may offer valuable by‐products for food and feed applications.
EFFECT OF CHITOSAN COATING ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF FRESH‐CUT MUSHROOM
Authors: EISSA HESHAM A.A. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThe effect of chitosan coating in fresh‐cut mushroom preservation, including microbiological, enzyme activities, color characteristics and chemical quality attributes, was examined. However, application of chitosan coating to enzyme activity control and quality maintenance of fresh‐cut mushroom was investigated. Fresh‐cut mushrooms were treated with aqueous solution of 0.5, 1 and 2 g chitosan/100 mL, placed in polyethylene bags, and then stored at 4C. Application of chitosan coating delayed discoloration associated with reduced enzyme activities of polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and laccase, as well as lower total phenolic content. Also, it reduced enzyme activities of cellulase, total amylase andα‐amylase. Microbiological development of the fresh‐cut mushroom treated with chitosan coating was also inhibited compared to the control. The results showed that increasing the concentration of chitosan coating enhanced the beneficial effects of chitosan on extended shelf life and maintained quality of fresh‐cut mushroom.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn general, the results showed that the application of chitosan coating (with optimum concentration of 2%) of oyster mushroom was observed to greatly inhibit the enzyme activities and lowest microbial count (Y, M and B) during storage at 4C for 15 days. Recommendations for selection of an appropriate chitosan concentration with refrigeration at 4C were given to be a potentially useful tool for extending the shelf life of fresh oyster mushroom. Furthermore, from a technological point of view, it would be conceivable to use chitosan coating in processed mushrooms provided that their safety is assessed and their commercial feasibility is demonstrated. It is concluded that the technique used produced good results; the product showed good quality during processing and storage with respect to microbiological, physical and chemical properties. Also, this technique is important to prevent the decrease in market value and the concomitant economic losses.
OPTIMIZATION OF CORNSTARCH/XANTHAN GUM CONTENT FOR THICKENING OF COCOA SYRUPS
Authors: SIKORA MAREK , KOWALSKI STANISŁAW , KRYSTYJAN MAGDALENA , KRAWONTKA JAN , SADY MAREK 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT Blended cornstarch–xanthan gum systems were optimized for thickening of cocoa syrups. For this purpose the sensory (whole and partial), textural (force of penetration, adhesiveness and stringiness) and rheological properties (flow curves as well as viscosity/time and viscosity/temperature relationships) of cocoa syrups were studied. Flow curves were described by rheological model of Casson, which accounted syrups under study for non‐Newtonian, pseudoplastic and thixotropic fluids. Also models of Weltman and Arrhenius were applied for comparison of obtained data. The areas of thixotropy hysteresis loops were also calculated. Obtained data (sensory, textural and rheological) were used as a base for mathematical calculations. The results were presented in the tables to enable their easier understanding. As a result, optimization of thickeners was achieved – the best ranges of cornstarch (0.45–0.49%) as well as xanthan gum (0.15–0.17%) concentrations in cocoa syrups were selected. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONThe result of this study could be used as a guide for thickening of cocoa syrups by the application of cornstarch–xanthan gum combination, chemically nonmodified thickeners. Mathematical method tried in this study for optimization of thickeners addition could be useful for optimization of the other thickeners and additives employed for different sauces, syrups, dressings, ketchups, mayonnaises, etc.
CHANGES IN SOYMILK QUALITY AS A FUNCTION OF COMPOSITION AND STORAGE
Authors: ACHOURI ALLAOUA , BOYE JOYCE IRENE , ZAMANI YOUNESS 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT Three soymilk products formulated with different concentrations of fat, sugar and starch were evaluated for changes in their physical properties and volatiles profile over time (3 months) under different temperatures (4, 22 and 38C) of storage. Samples were tested for pH, color, viscosity and volatile flavor changes. The pH and color of the soymilks decreased significantly during the first month of storage and then remained stable over time. Color and viscosity of the soymilk products were affected by both the soymilk composition and storage treatment. The high‐fat soymilk sample (product C) had the whitest color (lower ΔE) and the lowest viscosity. Storage at 38C negatively affected the color. The viscosities of the soymilk products stored at 4C were the lowest among the treatments. The major volatiles identified in all soymilk products were hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, hexanol, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, benzaldehyde, 2‐pentyl furan and 2‐ethyl furan. The intensities of the volatile compounds in the soymilk products increased during the first weeks of storage, particularly when stored at 38C. The intensities, however, decreased gradually over time. Among the three formulated soymilk products, the sweetened sample (product B) gave the lowest flavor intensities under all three temperatures of storage. Overall, storage at 4C and addition of sugar preserve best the soymilk quality.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSoy products are well appreciated for their nutritional and potential health benefits. Soy beverage consumption is increasing among North American consumers because of improvements in soy beverage quality and processing technologies. There is, however, a demand for new value‐added soy‐based drinks with improved “functional” (health‐benefiting) properties. Soy beverage could be an excellent carrier for “functional” or “nutritive” ingredients such as minerals, vitamins and omega 3 oils; however, addition of such ingredients may affect the stability of the product and requires the development appropriate of technologies for their incorporation. Results from this project provide new knowledge on the storage stability and quality of three different soy product formulations. The information could be useful in the establishment of optimal conditions for processing of functional soy beverages, for use by the food industry.
EFFECT OF CANDELILLA WAX WITH NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE SHELF LIFE QUALITY OF FRESH‐CUT FRUITS
Authors: SAUCEDO‐POMPA SAUL , JASSO‐CANTU DIANA , VENTURA‐SOBREVILLA JANETH , SÁENZ‐GALINDO AIDÉ , RODRÍGUEZ‐HERRERA RAUL , AGUILAR CRISTÓBAL N. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT Films formulated with edible natural waxes extracted from Euphorbia antisyphilitica, and additives Aloe vera (4%), ellagic acid (0.01%) and gallic acid (0.01%) were applied to evaluate their effects on the quality of fresh‐cut fruits stored at 5C and at room temperature (21C) for 6 days. The evaluated characteristics were changes in appearance, weight loss, firmness, color, solid content, pH and water activity (Aw). The additives, combined with the natural wax, demonstrated not to cause apparent damage to the fruits. Generally speaking, the films showed better results in comparison with the control. The treatment with A. vera showed the lowest values in weight loss, water migration, Aw, change in pH and firmness. The ellagic acid coating reduced the color change in a greater proportion. The application of these new edible films to fruits extends their shelf life and increases their antioxidant potential, as well as their nutritional quality.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEdible films elaborated with a natural wax extracted from Euphorbia antisyphilitica complemented with a potent antioxidant ellagic and gallic acids, and Aloe vera extend the shelf life quality and increase the antioxidant potential, as well as the nutritional quality of fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables, giving way to the possibility of producing nutraceutical products in the form of edible biofilms. Potential applications of these films are very attractive because the components are natural and nontoxic, and they are recommended by their low cost, availability and ease of handling. The possibility of using these films on other food products, not necessarily vegetal in origin, could be assayed.
BIOFILM FORMATION BY ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII GROWN IN ARTIFICIAL BROTH AND INFANT MILK FORMULA ON PLASTIC SURFACE
Authors: OH SE‐WOOK , CHEN PEI‐CHUN , KANG DONG‐HYUN 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT Biofilm‐forming characteristics of 72 different Enterobacter sakazakii strains on plastic surface were tested. And the influence of the artificial growth medium and infant milk formula (IMF) was also determined. Quantification of biofilm formation was performed with medium including brain heart infusion broth, nutrient broth, tryptic soy broth, 1/20 diluted tryptic soy broth (1/20‐TSB) and differently diluted IMF on plastic microtiter plates. According to the result, reconstituted IMF was the more effective medium for biofilm formation than artificial medium. At normal IMF concentration, 56 strains produced biofilm (77.8%) but most suitable artificial medium and 1/20‐TSB; 12 strains produced biofilm (16.7%). These results indicated that the IMF offers more opportunities of biofilm formation on plastic surface. Therefore, all bottles and equipment should be effectively cleaned for preventing biofilm formation by IMF and E. sakazakii.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS E. sakazakii could produce biofilm and protect the cells from being affected by disinfectants. It is also more difficult to wash such bacteria off from the surface they attached with biofilm and the chance of cross‐contamination could increase. The ability of biofilm formation could be influenced by different strains and also the growing media. By this study, we observed that IMF is the most effective media for biofilm formation among all the other media tested. Since IMF is the most important vehicle and source of E. sakazakii, it is important to surely clean and disinfect all the processing facilities in the factory and all the utensils, bottles, or teats used for IMF preparation. As biofilm would be formed when contact time increased, it is recommended not to sit the feeding bottles with IMF for a prolonged time to prevent biofilm formation and therefore minimize the opportunity of E. sakazakii infection.
GROWTH RESPONSE OF LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS TO MICROAEROPHILIC INCUBATION AND ADDITION OF REDUCTANTS IN A RIBOFLAVIN MICROTITER PLATE ASSAY
Authors: GOLBACH J.L. , CHALOVA V.I. , KIM W.K. , WOODWARD C.L. , RICKE S.C. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT Given the importance of riboflavin in human diets, a rapid riboflavin assay is needed by the food industry to allow simultaneous determination of riboflavin in numerous food sources. The growth responses of Lactobacillus rhamnosus to microaerophilic conditions and three reducing agents were examined as an attempt to reduce riboflavin assay time. Ascorbic acid, dithiothreitol and thioglycollate were applied at three concentrations. None of the concentrations of reducing agents caused a further increase of bacterial optical density (OD) or had a significant effect on the growth rates. More optimal microaerophilic conditions were achieved through the use of an anaerobic chamber. The growth rate of L. rhamnosus under microaerophilic conditions (0.30 ± 0.05/h) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the growth rate of the bacteria under aerobic conditions (0.34 ± 0.07/h). However, after 14 h of bacterial growth, the OD of the bacterial culture under anaerobic hood incubation (0.71 ± 0.09) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than under aerobic incubation conditions (0.58 ± 0.05). Additional research is needed involving more controlled atmospheres for incubation during growth and a wider range of reductants to optimize and shorten the time required for riboflavin microtiter plate assay.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSQuantifying riboflavin in foods and food ingredients is important to the food industry. Lactobacillus rhamnosus growth response to varying levels of riboflavin is used to estimate the amount of this vitamin. In an effort to optimize growth on microtiter plates and decrease assay time, microaerophilic conditions were examined. Although rate of growth was not altered, cell concentration measured as optical density (OD) did increase. Microaerophilic incubation of microtiter plates represents a potential approach to decrease assay time and provide the food industry with more timely results.