bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential inhibitory effects of garlic‐derived organosulfur compounds on cholesterol biosynthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures
Authors: Gebhardt Rolf , Beck Halgund 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing primary rat hepatocyte cultures, the potency of several garlic‐derived organosulfur compounds to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesisin toto as well as at early and late steps of this metabolic pathway was compared. Concerning early steps, allicin significantly inhibited incorporation of [14C]acetate into nonsaponifiable neutral lipids already at concentrations as low as 10 µM, while diallyl disulfide and allyl mercaptan were effective above 100 µM only. Likewise, inhibition in response to the two vinyl‐dithiins started at 500 µM. If [14C]acetate was replaced by [14C]mevalonate, inhibition due to allicin, diallyl disulfide, and allyl mercaptan disappeared suggesting that HMGCoA‐reductase was the target of inhibition. In contrast, for the vinyl‐dithiins a stimulation of mevalonate incorporation was found. Concerning the late step, the potency to exert accumulation of lanosterol presumably by inhibiting lanosterol 14α‐demethylase decreased in the order allicin>diallyl disulfide>allyl mercaptan=1,3‐vinyl‐dithiin≫1,2‐vinyldithiin, the effect of the latter compound being close to zero. With respect to the total inhibition of [14C]acetate labeling of cholesterol, the half‐maximal effective concentration‐value of allicin was determined to be 17±2 µM compared to 64±7 µM for diallyl disulfide and to 450±20 µM for allyl mercaptan. Cytotoxicity as determined by the lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay was slightly higher for the two vinyl‐dithiins than for diallyl disulfide and allyl mercaptan, but was apparent only at concentrations higher than 10 mM and, consequently, was irrelevant for the effects described. These results demonstrate that different garlic‐derived organosulfur compounds interfere differently with cholesterol biosynthesis and, thus, may provoke multiple inhibition of this metabolic pathway in response to garlic consumption. The fact that allicin was the most effective inhibitor argues against the possibility that its degradation products, namely diallyl disulfide or allyl mercapatan, might mediate its effects, a possibility that might be true, however, in the case of the vinyl‐dithiins.
Biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid in the microalgaPorphyridium cruentum. I: The use of externally supplied fatty acids
Authors: Shiran Devora , Khozin Inna , Heimer Yair M. , Cohen Zvi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe biosynthetic pathways of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3) in microalgae, in general, and inPorphyridium cruentum, in particular, are not known. Some of the putative intermediates along the suggested pathways could not be detected probably due to their low endogenous level. In order to increase the endogenous levels of the intermediates, we provided various fatty acids in the growth medium. Exogenously supplied fatty acids were indeed incorporated into algal lipids and were further metabolized along the n‐6 and n‐3 pathways. In the n‐6 pathway, 18:2 was desaturated to 18:3n‐6, elongated to 20:3n‐6, and subsequently desaturated to 20:4n‐6 and then to 20:5n‐3. In the n‐3 pathway, 18:2 was first desaturated to 18:3n‐3 which was then sequentially converted, apparently by the same enzymatic sequence of the n‐6 pathway to 18:4n‐3, 20:4n‐3, and 20:5n‐3.
Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from lipoprotein and macrophage lipid subclasses on thin‐layer plates
Authors: Sattler Wolfgang , Reicher Helga , Ramos Pilar , Panzenboeck Ute , Hayn Marianne , Esterbauer Hermann , Malle Ernst , Kostner Gerhard M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple, accurate, and fast procedure for quantitative analysis of fatty acids (FA) in simple lipid subclasses from different biological specimens is presented. Lipid extracts of isolated plasma lipoproteins (very low, low, and high density lipoproteins; VLDL, LDL, and HDL, respectively) and permanent J774 mouse macrophages were fractionated into lipid subclasses by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel 60 plates. Bands comigrating with authentic lipid standards were scraped off under argon and subjected to direct,in situ transesterification with BF3/MeOH in the presence of the TLC adsorbent. Fatty acid methyl esters were subsequently quantitated by capillary gas chromatography. A comparison of the FA content present in total lipid extracts and in lipid subclasses separated by TLC revealed recoveries ranging from 93 (J774 cell extracts) to 99.7% (LDL). The method described is applicable for the measurement of FA in individual lipid subclasses and was successfully applied to quantitatively analyze the FA composition of the phospholipid, triacylglycerol, and cholesteryl ester fraction derived from VLDL, LDL, and HDL. In J774 lipid extracts, the FA composition of the phospholipid‐, monoacylglycerol‐, diacylglycerol‐, free fatty acid‐, triacylglycerol‐, and cholesteryl ester fraction was quantitated. In addition we have analyzed the time‐dependent loss of the major HDL polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2, 20:4) in the phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fraction during copper‐dependent peroxidation of HDL. We have not encountered analytical problems concerning low FA recoveries from CE‐rich lipid extracts as indicated by almost quantitative recoveries of FA in LDL, HDL, and J774 extracts.
Analysis of triacylglycerols by silver‐ion high‐performance liquid chromatography‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Laakso Päivi , Voutilainen Päivi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTriacylglycerols of the seed oils rich in α‐ and/or γ‐linolenic acid moieties were separated by silver‐ion high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by on‐line atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐mass spectrometric (APCI‐MS) detection. Mass spectra of most triacylglycerols exhibited abundant [M + H]+ and [M − RCO2]+ ions, which defined the molecular weight and the molecular association of fatty acyl residues of a triacylglycerol, respectively. Silver ions formed weaker complexes with triacylglycerols containing γ‐linolenic acid than with those containing α‐linolenic acid, i.e., the elution order of molecules wasXYTγ>XYTα’,XTγTα>XTαTα>, andTγTγTγ>TγTγTα>TγTαTα>TαTαTα, whereTα=α‐linolenic acid,Tγ=γ‐linolenic acid, andX, Y=fatty acids different from linolenic acid. Furthermore, silver‐ion HPLC resulted in partial separation within equally unsaturated triacylglycerols according to differences in the combined number of acyl carbons. Regioisomeric forms of triacylglycerols were not determined from the seed oil samples, although differences were measured with reference compounds in the relative abundances of [M − RCO2]+ ions formed by a loss of a fatty acyl residue from thesn‐2 position and thesn‐1/3 positions. Silverion HPLC/APCI‐MS provided valuable information for structure elucidation of seed oil triacylglycerols: 43 molecular species were identified from cloudberry seed oil, 39 from evening primrose oil, 79 from borage oil, 44 from alpine currant, and 56 from black currant seed oils. The quantitation requires to be studied further, especially in those cases where several molecular weight species of triacylglycerols eluted in a single chromatographic peak.
The determination of the oil content of ground tung fruit
Authors: Gilbert Seymour G. , Gropp Clare M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe Hamilton‐Gilbert method for oil determination has been adapted to the method of grinding and extracting whole tung fruit. A sample of 100 fruit is ground in a Wiley mill with sharp blades. A 10‐gm. portion is then extracted in a Waring Blendor and oil determined by the procedure previously described or a modification herein described. To approximate closely the values that would be obtained by the strictly accurate but more laborious method of separating kernels from hull and shell and extracting the kernels only (component method), a correction is required for non‐oil substances extracted from the hull and for factors such as adsorption of the kernel oil on particles of hull and decreased efficiency of extraction of the kernel oil in the presence of ground hull and shell. This correction factor is not constant throughout the whole range in oil content found in whole tung fruits, and the best estimate of true tung oil content is obtained by the formula:Estimated component value = 0.8958 (value by whole fruit method) + 1.37.The use of a regression equation such as that above in relating results of two empirical chemical methods is believed to be of very general application. The specific formula here arrived at was determined from 97 samples of air dry fruit ranging in oil content from 16.0 to 25.0%. It is not recommended for use with commercial samples of tung fruit, which vary widely in moisture content and usually range from 10.0 to 20.0% in oil content until adequate tests with such samples have been made.
Syntheses of cis‐ and trans‐7‐ and 8‐octadecenoic acids: Comparison of the properties of cis‐ and trans‐6‐, 7‐, 8‐, 9‐, and 11‐octadecenoic acids
Authors: Fusari Salvatore A. , Greenlee K. W. , Brown J. B. 
Published: March 2007

Summary1. The cis‐ and trans‐modifications of 7‐, 8‐, and 11‐octadecenoic acids were synthesized by methods which leave no doubt as to their structure.2. Many new compounds have been reported including 7‐octadecynoic acid, 8‐octadecynoic acid. 7,8‐diketostearic acid, 8,9‐diketostearic acid, cis‐ and trans‐7‐octadecenoic acids and their 7,8‐dihydroxystearic acid derivatives, and cis‐ and trans‐8‐octadecenoic acid derivatives and their 8,9‐dihydroxystearic acid derivatives.3. A new series of intermediate reaction products has been reported although these compounds were not fully characterized. These compounds include hexamethylene bromochloride, hexamethylene iodochloride, 1‐chloro‐6‐heptadecyne, and 1‐chloro‐7‐heptadecyne.4. The extinction coefficients at 10.36 microns of the cis and trans‐6‐, 7‐, 8‐, 9‐, and 11‐octadecenoic acids have been calculated and compared.5. The melting points of the cis‐ and trans‐octadecenoic acids and their dihydroxy derivatives were shown to exhibit alternating patterns.
Modification of vegetable oils. XI. The formation of trans isomers during the hydrogenation of methyl oleate and triolein
Authors: Feuge R. O. , Pepper M. B. , O'Connor R. T. , Field Elsie T. 
Published: March 2007

Summary1. During the hydrogenation of methyl oleate, trans isomers are formed at a very rapid rate. As much as 38% of trans isomers formed while the first 10% of methyl stearte was formed.2. The rate of formation of trans isomers in methyl oleate undergoing hydrogenation is increased by increasing the temperature, increasing the catalyst concentration, and decreasing the degree of dispersion of the hydrogen.3. The hydrogenation of methyl oleate always resulted in the establishment of an equilibrium between cis and trans isomers, and irrespective of the conditions employed the concentration of trans isomers was always 67%, calculated on the basis of total unsaturated constituents.4. It is concluded that all of the iso‐oleic acids formed during the hydrogenation of methyl oleate adsorb hydrogen at the same rate as oleic acid and are adsorbed and desorbed from the nickel catalyst with equal ease.5. Trans isomers are formed at a slightly lower rate during the hydrogenation of triolein than in the case of methyl oleate.6. Partial hydrogenation of triolein also results in the establishment of an equilibrium between cis and trans isomers of oleic acid but at values of less than 67% of trans constituents (based on the total unsaturated constituents) observed with methyl oleate. The equilibrium concentration was found to vary with the conditions of hydrogenation and was found to be 62% at 200°C. and 57% at 175°C.
Bleaching of cottonseed oil in hexane
Authors: Feuge R. O. , Janssen H. J. 
Published: March 2007

Summary1. Cottonseed oil dissolved in commercial hexane was not only bleached readily by activated clay and carbon, but the reduction in color was greater than that obtained in the absence of a solvent, other conditions being similar.2. At 25°C. the addition of solvent did not significantly change the manner in which the clay acted, but it did increase its capacity to adsorb pigments about three‐fold. For a fixed proportion of clay to oil, the amount of color reduction in cottonseed oil‐hexane solutions was dependent upon the concentration of the oil. The color decreased as the concentration of the oil decreased.3. Countercurrent bleaching of cottonseed oil‐hexane solutions in columns packed with adsorbents proved to be highly efficient with respect to the utilization of the adsorptive capacity of a given quantity of clay and also with respect to the amount of oil lost by adsorption.4. Columns of spent bleaching clay could be regenerated easily with acetone. The Lovibond red color of the first batch of oil bleached in one such column was 2.8 while that of the twentieth batch, obtained after the column had been used and regenerated 19 times, was 3.8.
Dihydroquercetin as an antioxidant
Authors: Kurth E. F. , Chan Frank L. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryDihydroquercetin, a white crystalline pentahydroxy‐flavanone, occurring in large quantities in Douglas fir and Jeffrey pine barks, was found to be an effective antioxidant for lard, cottonseed oil, and butter oil. This compound imparts no taste and color to fats and oils and, like quercetin, appears to be nontoxic. It was found that 0.03% quercetin was slightly more effective than 0.03% dihydroquercetin as an inhibitor of rancidity in lard. The presence of a small amount of citric acid increased markedly the antioxidant effect of dihydroquercetin on lard. The pentaacetate, pentapropionate, and the pentabenzoate esters of dihydroquercetin showed no antioxidant activity.
Viscosity of cottonseed meal dispersions
Authors: Hogan Joseph T. , Arthur Jett C. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryIt has been shown that the apparent viscosities of cottonseed meal dispersions depend on the concentration of meal in the dispersion, the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the dispersion, and the addition of trichloroacetate ion and that the viscosities of the glue dispersions are independent of the nitrogen solubilities of the protein contained in the meal and, for the processes evaluated, independent of the method of removal of the oil to produce the meal.
Relative hydrogenation rates of normal and conjugated linolenic and linoleic acid glycerides
Authors: Thompson S. W. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA mixture of 50% tung oil and 50% linseed oil was hydrogenated and samples withdrawn at approximately 10 I.V. intervals during the course of the reaction were analyzed for fatty acid composition. Reactivity ratios for the various fatty acids were calculated.Because of the limitations of the analytical methods, particularly the spectrophotometric methods used for linolein, conjugated linolein, and linolenin, and the arbitrary procedures of arriving at corrected values for these constituents, the composition data and reactivity ratios derived therefrom must be regarded as only approximations.However it seems safe to conclude that during the initial stages of the hydrogenation the eleostearin was many times more reactive than normal linolenin for equivalent concentrations but as the eleostearin was reduced in concentration, its reactivity decreased until, at a 1% to 2% level, it was only slightly more reactive than the normal linolenin, again for equivalent concentration. Likewise the conjugated linolein formed from the eleostearin was many times as reactive as the normal linolein when present in considerable amounts, but the reactivity ratio of conjugated linolein to normal linolein dropped markedly in the latter stages of the process. Normal linolenin and normal linolein had similar reactivities.It is suggested that the amount of conjugation and unsaturation in the glyceride rather than in the individual fatty acid may be the controlling factor in hydrogenation selectivity.
Dilatometric investigations of fats. V. volume changes associated with the polymorphism and melting of monostearin
Authors: Singleton W. S. , Vicknair E. J. 
Published: March 2007

Summary1‐Monostearin of 99.2% purity was prepared and the polymorphic forms known as sub‐alpha (αs), alpha (α), beta prime (β′), and beta (β) obtained, and their expansibilities determined over the temperature range from the solid to the liquid state. The melting dilation of each form was calculated from the observed expansibilities.From the values for the expansibility, density, and melting dilation, the specific volume of any of the polymorphic forms of monostearin at any temperature from the solid to the liquid state may be calculated.The melting dilations of stearic acid, monostearin, and tristearin are in direct proportion to the mole percentage of stearyl groups present in each compound. By means of this relationship a melting dilation for distearin was calculated.
Correlation of vegetable oil‐hexane solution vapor pressures
Authors: Smith Allen S. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryVariations between commercial hexanes from different sources and boiling ranges of some solvents are sufficiently large to require specific data on vapor pressures for the solvent or solvent fraction in a miscella. Pressure‐concentration‐temperature relations, experimentally determined for three commercial hexanes and a heptane in soybean oil, have been correlated and presented graphically as a single set of curves, characteristic of n‐hexane. An example of a method is given by which these curves can be used to obtain specific data for any hexane solvent. A variation of ±5°F. in solvent boiling point is shown to cause a ±6% change in miscella concentration which can be corrected by a change of ±8°F. in operating temperature. This effect is due to a ± 7.5% variation in miscella vapor pressure, when the solvent boiling point varies by ±5°F., which is sufficiently greater than the uncertainty of pressures read from the correlation, about ±2%, to require consideration in design and operation of solvent recovery equipment.
Miller Fisher syndrome: a diagnosis not to be missed
Authors: Davis S J , Salib R , Buchan H , Nilssen E 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a case of Miller Fisher syndrome presenting in an ENT setting. The referral was made on the basis of worsening nasal regurgitation following Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. The aim of this report is not to add to the recorded instances of Miller Fisher syndrome, but to help raise the level of its awareness amongst otolaryngologists. Emphasis is placed on the mode of presentation and management issues, as early diagnosis is crucial and confers a favourable prognosis. In that respect, we consider this case noteworthy and instructive.
Magnetic resonance angiography follow-up examinations to detect iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms following otorhinolaryngological surgery
Authors: Buerke B , Tombach B , Stoll W , Heindel W , Niederstadt T 
Published: March 2007

Endoscopic endonasal surgery on a 36-year-old man was complicated by perforation of the right internal carotid artery. The immediate, substantial haemorrhage was controlled by packing the sphenoid sinus. Intra-arterial angiography of the right internal carotid artery showed small irregularities proximal to the ophthalmic artery. A follow-up examination two weeks later documented a large pseudoaneurysm in the initially irregular arterial segment, which was successfully treated by endovascular coiling.This case report illustrates the need for angiographic follow-up examinations following traumatic intracranial vessel injury in order to identify late pseudoaneurysm development.
Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma: literature review and classification proposal
Authors: Marchioni D , Ciufelli M Alicandri , Presutti L 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective:The aim of this review was to assess and describe the pathological characteristics of intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma, in order to facilitate correct prognostic evaluation and appropriate therapeutic decision making.Study design and setting:The literature was reviewed regarding involvement of the various portions of the facial nerve. A classification is proposed, based on anatomical and pathological evaluations, which can supply important information on facial functional outcomes.Results:From this study, two important characteristics of facial nerve schwannoma emerged: the schwannoma may be capable of surgical dissection from the facial nerve, leaving the latter anatomically preserved; or it may be tightly bound to the nerve, in which case it must be removed along with a variable section of nerve tract, followed by reconstruction.Conclusions:The extent of the neoplasm and the involvement of different branches of the facial nerve are very important elements to consider when evaluating prognosis and therapy.Significance:To emphasise the usefulness of a classification, based on anatomical and pathological evaluation, which can supply information about post-operative facial function.
Molecular characterization of a novel 32-kDa merozoite antigen ofBabesia gibsoniwith a better diagnostic performance by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: ABOGE G. O. , JIA H. , KURIKI K. , ZHOU J. , NISHIKAWA Y. , IGARASHI I. , FUJISAKI K. , SUZUKI H. , XUAN X. 
Published: March 2007

SUMMARYWe cloned and expressed a novel gene encoding a 32-kDa merozoite protein ofBabesia gibsoni(BgP32). The length of nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was 1464 bp with an open reading frame of 969 bp. The truncated recombinant BgP32 (rBgP32) without a signal peptide and C-terminal hydrophobic sequence was expressed inEscherichia colias a soluble glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. Western blotting demonstrated that the native protein was 32-kDa, consistent with molecular weight of the predicted mature polypeptide. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rBgP32 detected specific antibodies from 8 days to 541 days post-infection in the sequential sera from a dog experimentally infected withB. gibsoni. Moreover, the antigen did not cross-react withB. canissubspecies and closely related protozoan parasites, indicating that rBgP32 is a specific diagnostic antigen. Analysis of 47 sera taken from dogs with anaemic signs revealed that rBgP32 detected a higher proportion ofB. gibsoniseropositive samples (77%) than its previously identified rBgP50 (68%) homologue. These results indicate that the BgP32 is a novel immunodominant antigen ofB. gibsoni, and rBgP32 might be useful for diagnosis ofB. gibsoniinfection.