bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct election of education superintendents in Korea: dilemmas and improvement strategies
Authors: Huang Yueh-Chun , Park Soo Jung , Wang Ru-Jer 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the electoral mechanism of local education superintendents in South Korea, draws conclusions and makes suggestions for future reforms.Design/methodology/approachThe research method of this study included document analysis and interviews. Document analysis was used to collect and analyze the relevant official documents of education superintendents across countries. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four professors and two superintendents.FindingsThe results of the interviews indicate the following: 1) Korean stakeholders are getting more familiar with the direct election of superintendents, as the interviews indicate a more mature direct election system due to previous experience and public officials taking direct election into account; 2) The direct election of superintendents has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include increasing the participation of the general public in education, and the disadvantages include conflict between the central government and local superintendents belonging to different political parties. However, the current system is likely to be retained; 3) The superintendent systems in various countries differ due to their respective traditions and social contexts. However, the authors can always learn lessons and implications from foreign countries if the authors compare their education systems with their foreign counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsAs far research limitations, although this was a small study, it shows the importance of collecting multiple stakeholders' views on the direct election of education superintendents as a basis for future reform of education management.Practical implicationsThe Korean system for electing superintendents provides a good model for other countries reflecting on the educational autonomy and accountabilities of their own systems.Social implicationsThe direct election of superintendents provides an example of professionalism, independence and political neutrality in education that other countries can learn from. The separation of general and educational administration in Korea through direct elections protects educational activities from political influence.Originality/valueIn terms of originality/value, this study adds a new perspective to the debate about whether the general public should directly elect education superintendents, as well as to the literature on local education management.
Social identification theory and the elaboration likelihood model: impact of strength of ethnic identification among African American consumers on services advertising evaluations
Authors: Madadi Rozbeh , Torres Ivonne M. , Fazli-Salehi Reza , Zúñiga Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the effectiveness of ethnically targeted ads in developing consumer–brand relationships through an application of social identification theory and elaboration likelihood model among African American consumers in the service sector.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 used a 2 (service type: hedonic vs utilitarian) × 2 (strength of ethnic identification: high vs low) between-subjects experimental design. Study 2 used the same experimental design, procedure and ads as Study 1.FindingsTaken together, the findings from these two studies demonstrate how ethnically targeted advertising, in conjunction with service type, can influence consumer–brand relationships. The results showed that those with high strength of ethnic identification had more brand love, as well as higher intentions to spread positive word-of-mouth, purchase intention and brand loyalty for hedonic services, but that this effect was not significant for utilitarian services.Research limitations/implicationsThe environments in which advertisements appear (e.g. in an in-store display or a magazine advertisement) is important, and consumers’ reactions to targeted ads in various environments should be considered in future research. Future studies should also examine the role of individuals’ personality traits and level of acculturation in determining their relationships with brands.Originality/valueAcross two studies, the authors demonstrated that ethnic ads are more effective for African American individuals with high level of ethnic identification especially for hedonic services.
Factors of tacit knowledge acquisition and its mechanism of action on academic research performance: an empirical research from Chinese universities
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Li Jiake , Alam Sajjad , Boamah Fredrick Ahenkora , Wen Dandan 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study examines the relationship between higher education improvement and tacit knowledge importance. In this context, the scarcity of empirical and theoretical studies on acquiring tacit knowledge to enhance academic performance in higher education suggests that this research area holds significant importance for experts and policymakers. Consequently, this study aims to explore the factors that influence academic research performance at Chinese universities by acquiring tacit knowledge.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the study aims, the current approach utilizes the research technique based on the socialization, externalization, internalization and combination (SECI) model and knowledge management (KM) theory. To analyze the study objective, the authors collected data from post-graduate students at Chinese universities and analyzed it using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the model and hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicated that social interaction, internalization and self-motivation have a positive impact on academic research performance through the acquisition of tacit knowledge. Furthermore, the findings suggest that academic researchers can acquire more knowledge through social interaction than self-motivation, thereby advancing research progress.Originality/valueThis study addresses the critical issues surrounding the acquisition of tacit knowledge and presents a comprehensive framework and achievements that can contribute to achieving exceptional academic performance.
Squeeze film derivation of the porous curved annular plates with variable magnetic field, Rosensweig’s viscosity and slip velocity in the Shliomis model
Authors: Devender  , Ram Paras , Sharma Kushal 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe present article aims to investigate the squeeze effects on hematite suspension-based curved annular plates with Rosensweig’s viscosity and Kozeny–Carman’s porous structure under the variable strong magnetic field and slip in the Shliomis model. The variable magnetic field is utilised to retain all magnetic elements within the model. The aforementioned mechanism would have the benefit of generating a maximal field at the system’s required active contact zone.Design/methodology/approachThe Kozeny–Carman globular sphere model is used for porous facing. Rosensweig’s extension of Einstein’s viscosity is taken into consideration to enhance the fluid’s viscosity, and Beavers and Joseph’s slip boundary conditions are employed to assess the slip effect.FindingsThe pressure and lifting force under squeezing are computed through modification of the Reynolds equation with the addition of Kozeny–Carman’s model-based porosity, Rosensweig’s viscosity, slip and varying magnetic field. The obtained results for the lifting force are very encouraging and have been compared with Einstein’s viscosity-based model.Originality/valueResearchers so far have carried out problems on lubrication of various sliders considering Einstein’s viscosity only, whereas in our problem, Rosensweig’s viscosity has been taken along with Kozeny–Carman’s porous structure model.
New evidence of the driving forces behind Brazil's agricultural TFP growth—A stochastic frontier analysis with climatic variables and land suitability index
Authors: Spolador Humberto Francisco Silva , Danelon André Felipe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUsing panel data from 510 Brazilian micro‐regions in three census years (1995, 2006 and 2017), this study presents a productivity decomposition for the Brazilian agricultural sector using stochastic production frontier methods that account for the effects of rainfall, temperature and the land suitability index. We also calculated the total factor productivity (TFP) index and decomposed it into technical efficiency, technological change, scale efficiency and environmental efficiency. This article thus provides a new and more realistic assessment of recent Brazilian agricultural productivity growth. In recent decades, Brazilian agriculture has become widely known for presenting fast productivity growth; however, our results suggest that a lower TFP growth rate than previous estimates (1.96% per annum) and the overall effects of climate change could potentially compromise Brazilian agricultural TFP growth in the long run. Our findings might thus generate insights for agricultural and regional policies to increase efficiency in the sector and promote sustainable agricultural development in Brazil, which will contribute to the sector's competitiveness in international markets, the country's social and economic welfare, and environmental conservancy.
Are right‐wing populists more likely to justify political violence?
Authors: MATSUNAGA MIKU 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDo individuals with right‐wing populist ideologies have higher violence‐justification attitudes than those supporting different political ideologies? While the literature has confirmed the association between political violence and populism, research on which components of populist ideologies relate to individual attitudes towards political violence is relatively scarce. Based on 18 European democracies, this research note examines whether right‐wing populist individuals are more likely to justify political violence to pursue their political goals. The analyses reveal that right‐wing populists are generally more likely to justify political violence compared to mainstream voters and non‐voters. Additionally, left‐wing populist voters also support political violence, although the effect size is comparatively smaller. This indicates that voters’ radicalisation depends on populist ideologies rather than left‐right ideological distinctions. The effect among right‐wing populists depends on city residence, gender and immigration status. Subsequent analyses suggest that right‐wing populists’ attitudes towards violence are not conditional on nativism or anti‐immigration perceptions. These findings contribute to the general understanding of the nature and consequences of populism.
Estimates of heterozygosity from single nucleotide polymorphism markers are context‐dependent and often wrong
Authors: Sopniewski Jarrod , Catullo Renee A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenetic diversity is frequently described using heterozygosity, particularly in a conservation context. Often, it is estimated using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); however, it has been shown that heterozygosity values calculated from SNPs can be biased by both study design and filtering parameters. Though solutions have been proposed to address these issues, our own work has found them to be inadequate in some circumstances. Here, we aimed to improve the reliability and comparability of heterozygosity estimates, specifically by investigating how sample size and missing data thresholds influenced the calculation of autosomal heterozygosity (heterozygosity calculated from across the genome, i.e. fixed and variable sites). We also explored how the standard practice of tri‐ and tetra‐allelic site exclusion could bias heterozygosity estimates and influence eventual conclusions relating to genetic diversity. Across three distinct taxa (a frog, Litoria rubella; a tree, Eucalyptus microcarpa; and a grasshopper, Keyacris scurra), we found heterozygosity estimates to be meaningfully affected by sample size and missing data thresholds, partly due to the exclusion of tri‐ and tetra‐allelic sites. These biases were inconsistent both between species and populations, with more diverse populations tending to have their estimates more severely affected, thus having potential to dramatically alter interpretations of genetic diversity. We propose a modified framework for calculating heterozygosity that reduces bias and improves the utility of heterozygosity as a measure of genetic diversity, whilst also highlighting the need for existing population genetic pipelines to be adjusted such that tri‐ and tetra‐allelic sites be included in calculations.
Third‐party reporting and cross‐border tax planning
Authors: Edwards Alexander , Hutchens Michelle , V. Persson Anh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 2018, the European Union (EU) introduced a new mandatory reporting requirement for a wide range of cross‐border tax arrangements (EU Directive 2018/822, also known as DAC6). Unlike prior corporate transparency initiatives, which put the reporting responsibility primarily on the taxpayers, this directive puts the initial reporting responsibility on the third‐party intermediaries who are involved in the reportable arrangement at any stage during the planning and execution process. We exploit the adoption of DAC6 in the EU to examine the effectiveness of third‐party reporting in curbing cross‐border tax planning by multinationals. Using a difference‐in‐differences research design, we find that affected firms reduce income shifting and report higher effective tax rates in the post‐adoption period. The reduction in income shifting is stronger for affiliates operating in countries without legal professional privilege extensions and in countries where noncompliance penalties are higher. Our results highlight the importance of strong third‐party reporting requirements in constraining cross‐border tax planning.
Psychotherapy duration and work disability: A prospective Finnish register study
Authors: Selinheimo Sanna , Gluschkoff Kia , Kausto Johanna , Turunen Jarno , Väänänen Ari 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe influence of psychotherapy duration on common mental disorder (CMD) outcomes remains a topic of ongoing debate. Whereas most research has focused on CMD symptom change, the evidence on the psychotherapy duration of subsequent CMD‐related work disability and the change in psychotropic drug purchases is scarce.MethodsWe used a register‐based cohort representing 33% of the Finnish population. The participants included working‐age individuals (N = 12,047, 76% women, mean age = 36) who initiated long‐term psychotherapy, between 2014 and 2017. They were followed from 2011 to 2021 and psychotherapy duration ranged from less than a year to over 3 years. We used an interrupted time series design to analyze the psychotherapy duration‐dependent changes in CMD‐related work disability (primary outcome, operationalized as depression or anxiety‐related sickness absence, SA, days) and the annual number of psychotropic drug purchases or distinct drugs purchased (secondary outcomes).ResultsThere were no differences in the levels of work disability or drug purchases before the psychotherapy. We observed a decreasing level and trend in all outcomes across all psychotherapy duration groups. The largest decline in level was observed in the <1‐year duration group (88% decline for SA and 43%–44% for drug purchases) while the smallest decline was in the 3+ years duration group (73% for SA and 27% for drug purchases).ConclusionWork disability outcomes and duration varied among individuals, even with similar initial mental health‐related work disability or use of auxiliary psychotropic treatments. Compared to longer psychotherapy, shorter psychotherapy was associated with sharper improvements.
On the willingness to pay for food sustainability labelling: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Piracci Giovanna , Lamonaca Emilia , Santeramo Fabio Gaetano , Boncinelli Fabio , Casini Leonardo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSustainability labelling is an extremely complex, multifaceted, and debated topic. Through a systematic and meta‐analytical approach, we disentangled the informative contents of environmental and social labels and investigated their effect on the consumer willingness to pay for food products. The premium prices for sustainability labels are largely heterogeneous depending on the information disclosed. Generic and specific messages seem not to differ in terms of consumer acceptance. Not all facets are equally important as social issues tend to be less considered. Policy interventions should combine hard and soft measures to holistically achieve sustainability in the food system.
Inhibition of tibialis anterior spinal reflex circuits using frequency‐specific neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Authors: Arai Suzufumi , Sasaki Atsushi , Tsugaya Shota , Nomura Taishin , Milosevic Matija 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can generate muscle contractions and elicit excitability of neural circuits. However, the optimal stimulation frequency for effective neuromodulation remains unclear.MethodsEleven able‐bodied individuals participated in our study to examine the effects of: (1) low‐frequency NMES at 25 Hz, (2) high‐frequency NMES at 100 Hz; and (3) mixed‐frequency NMES at 25 and 100 Hz switched every second. NMES was delivered to the right tibialis anterior (TA) muscle for 1 min in each condition. The order of interventions was pseudorandomized between participants with a washout of at least 15 min between conditions. Spinal reflexes were elicited using single‐pulse transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation applied over the lumbar enlargement to evoke responses in multiple lower‐limb muscles bilaterally and maximum motor responses (Mmax) were elicited in the TA muscle by stimulating the common peroneal nerve to assess fatigue at the baseline and immediately, 5, 10, and 15 min after each intervention.ResultsOur results showed that spinal reflexes were significantly inhibited immediately after the mixed‐frequency NMES, and for at least 15 min in follow‐up. Low‐frequency NMES inhibited spinal reflexes 5 min after the intervention, and also persisted for at least 10 min. These effects were present only in the stimulated TA muscle, while other contralateral and ipsilateral muscles were unaffected. Mmax responses were not affected by any intervention.ConclusionsOur results indicate that even a short‐duration (1 min) NMES intervention using low‐ and mixed‐frequency NMES could inhibit spinal reflex excitability of the TA muscle without inducing fatigue.
SPAK inhibitor ZT‐1a attenuates reactive astrogliosis and oligodendrocyte degeneration in a mouse model of vascular dementia
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Iqbal H. , Habib Khadija , Sultan Md Tipu , Chen Fenghua , Jahan Israt , Weng Zhongfang , Rahman Md Shamim , Islam Rabia , Foley Lesley M. , Hitchens T. Kevin , Deng Xianming , Canna Scott W. , Sun Dandan , Cao Guodong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAstrogliosis and white matter lesions (WML) are key characteristics of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying VCID remain poorly understood. Stimulation of Na‐K‐Cl cotransport 1 (NKCC1) and its upstream kinases WNK (with no lysine) and SPAK (the STE20/SPS1‐related proline/alanine‐rich kinase) play a role in astrocytic intracellular Na+ overload, hypertrophy, and swelling. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the effect of SPAK inhibitor ZT‐1a on pathogenesis and cognitive function in a mouse model of VCID induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS).MethodsFollowing sham or BCAS surgery, mice were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle (DMSO) or SPAK inhibitor ZT‐1a treatment regimen (days 14–35 post‐surgery). Mice were then evaluated for cognitive functions by Morris water maze, WML by ex vivo MRI‐DTI analysis, and astrogliosis/demyelination by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting.ResultsCompared to sham control mice, BCAS‐Veh mice exhibited chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and memory impairments, accompanied by significant MRI DTI‐detected WML and oligodendrocyte (OL) death. Increased activation of WNK‐SPAK‐NKCC1‐signaling proteins was detected in white matter tissues and in C3d+GFAP+ cytotoxic astrocytes but not in S100A10+GFAP+ homeostatic astrocytes in BCAS‐Veh mice. In contrast, ZT‐1a‐treated BCAS mice displayed reduced expression and phosphorylation of NKCC1, decreased astrogliosis, OL death, and WML, along with improved memory functions.ConclusionBCAS‐induced upregulation of WNK‐SPAK‐NKCC1 signaling contributes to white matter‐reactive astrogliosis, OL death, and memory impairment. Pharmacological inhibition of the SPAK activity has therapeutic potential for alleviating pathogenesis and memory impairment in VCID.
The influence of social identity on attitudes toward wildlife
Authors: Birdsong Max H. , Metcalf Alexander L. , Metcalf Elizabeth Covelli , Nesbitt Holly Kathleen , Gude Justin A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWildlife conservation depends on supportive social as well as biophysical conditions. Social identities such as hunter and nonhunter are often associated with different attitudes toward wildlife. However, it is unknown whether dynamics within and among these identity groups explain how attitudes form and why they differ. To investigate how social identities help shape wildlife‐related attitudes and the implications for wildlife policy and conservation, we built a structural equation model with survey data from Montana (USA) residents (n = 1758) that tested how social identities affect the relationship between experiences with grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and attitudes toward the species. Model results (r2 = 0.51) demonstrated that the hunter identity magnified the negative effect of vicarious property damage on attitudes toward grizzly bears (β = −0.381, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.584 to −0.178, p < 0.001), which in turn strongly influenced acceptance (β = −0.571, 95% CI: −0.611 to −0.531, p < 0.001). Our findings suggested that hunters’ attitudes toward grizzly bears likely become more negative primarily because of in‐group social interactions about negative experiences, and similar group dynamics may lead nonhunters to disregard the negative experiences that out‐group members have with grizzly bears. Given the profound influence of social identity on human cognitions and behaviors in myriad contexts, the patterns we observed are likely important in a variety of wildlife conservation situations. To foster positive conservation outcomes and minimize polarization, management strategies should account for these identity‐driven perceptions while prioritizing conflict prevention and promoting positive wildlife narratives within and among identity groups. This study illustrates the utility of social identity theory for explaining and influencing human–wildlife interactions.