bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glial reactions in Parkinson's disease
Authors: McGeer Patrick L. , McGeer Edith G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra are particularly vulnerable to oxidative and inflammatory attack. Such processes may play a crucial role in the etiology of Parkinson disease (PD). Since glia are the main generators of these processes, the possibility that PD may be caused by glial dysfunction needs to be considered. This review concentrates on glial reactions in PD. Reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia are abundant in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD cases indicating a robust inflammatory state. Glia normally serve neuroprotective roles but, given adverse stimulation, they may contribute to damaging chronic inflammation. Microglia, the phagocytes of brain, may be the main contributors since they can produce large numbers of superoxide anions and other neurotoxins. Their toxicity towards dopaminergic neurons has been demonstrated in tissue culture and various animal models of PD. The MPTP and α‐synuclein models are of particular interest. Years after exposure to MPTP, inflammation has been observed in the SN. This has established that an acute insult to the SN can result in a sustained local inflammation. The α‐synuclein model indicates that an endogenous protein can induce inflammation, and, when overexpressed, can lead to autosomal dominant PD. Less is known about the role of astrocytes than microglia, but they are known to secrete both inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory molecules and may play a role in modulating microglial activity. Oligodendrocytes do not seem to play a role in promoting inflammation although, like neurons, they may be damaged by inflammatory processes. Further research concerning glial reactions in PD may lead to disease‐modifying therapeutic approaches. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Set‐shifting and behavioral dysfunction in primary focal dystonia
Authors: Bugalho Paulo , Corrêa Bernardo , Guimarães João , Xavier Miguel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with primary dystonia remains a matter of debate. We compared 45 patients with primary dystonia with 27 control subjects for performance on neuropsychological tasks with a load on executive‐Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop test, and visuospatial‐Benton's visual retention test (BVRT) and Block assembly test from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale BAT‐functions, as well as for intensity of obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Y‐BOCS). Correlation analysis was performed between neuropsychological performance, dystonia characteristics (duration, age of onset) and severity (Unified Dystonia Rating Scale, UDRS), and Y‐BOCS. Patients made more perseverative errors on the WCST (P = 0.042) and had a higher mean Y‐BOCS (P = 0.003) score than controls. Timed tests (BVRT, BAT, Stroop test) correlated with UDRS. Y‐BOCS, WCST, and UDRS scores were not significantly correlated with one another.These results suggest that patients with primary dystonia may have set‐shifting deficits and a higher intensity of obsessive compulsive symptoms when compared to healthy subjects. This may reflect a pattern of complex neurophysiological dysfunction involving dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and motor frontostriatal circuits. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Differential effects of levodopa and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Timmermann Lars , Braun Martin , Groiss Stefan , Wojtecki Lars , Ostrowski Stefan , Krause Holger , Pollok Bettina , Südmeyer Martin , Ploner Markus , Gross Joachim , Maarouf Mohammad , Voges Jürgen , Sturm Volker , Schnitzler Alfons 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) respond well to treatment with levodopa and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, it has remained unclear whether levodopa and STN‐DBS have differential effects on bradykinesia. We investigated 8 PD‐patients with STN‐electrodes in four conditions: STN‐DBS and levodopa (ONMED/ONSTIM), STN‐DBS only (OFFMED/ONSTIM), levodopa only (ONMED/OFFSTIM), without STN‐DBS/levodopa (OFFMED/OFFSTIM). Fourteen volunteers served as controls. Subjects performed fastest possible (1) pronation/supination of the forearm (diadochokinesia) and (2) flexion and extension of the index finger (finger movements). Movements were recorded using a 3D‐ultrasound‐system. Maximum frequency, amplitude, and smoothness of movements were determined. During OFFMED/OFFSTIM, all parameters were worser than in all other conditions. In proximal diadochokinesia, OFFMED/ONSTIM significantly improved the amplitude and frequency, whereas ONMED/OFFSTIM had no significant effect. In contrast, we found a stronger effect of levodopa (ONMED/OFFSTIM) on amplitudes of distal finger movement than on amplitudes of diadochokinesia. Combination of treatments during ONMED/ONSTIM further improved both movements. However, maximum frequency remained lower in PD‐patients during ONMED/ONSTIM compared with controls. This study demonstrates a better effect of levodopa on distal finger movements and STN‐DBS on proximal diadochokinesia. Furthermore, a complementary effect of both therapies on brain areas involved in bradykinesia can be assumed. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Molecular imaging of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques using bimodal PEG‐micelles
Authors: Mulder Willem J. M. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Briley‐Saboe Karen C. , Frias Juan C. , Aguinaldo Juan Gilberto S. , Vucic Esad , Amirbekian Vardan , Tang Cheuk , Chin Patrick T. K. , Nicolay Klaas , Fayad Zahi A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPegylated, fluorescent, and paramagnetic micelles were developed. The micelles were conjugated with macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR)‐specific antibodies. The abdominal aortas of atherosclerotic apoE‐KO mice were imaged with T1‐weighted high‐resolution MRI before and 24 h after intravenous administration of the contrast agent (CA). Pronounced signal enhancement (SE) (up to 200%) was observed for apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE‐KO) mice that were injected with MSR‐targeted micelles, while the aortic vessel wall of mice injected with nontargeted micelles showed little SE. To allow fluorescence microscopy and optical imaging of the excised aorta, the micelles were made fluorescent by incorporating either a quantum dot (QD) in the micelle corona or rhodamine lipids in the micelle. Ultraviolet (UV) illumination of the aorta allowed the identification of regions with high macrophage content, while MSR‐targeted rhodamine micelles could be detected with fluorescence microscopy and were found to be associated with macrophages. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that macrophages in apoE‐KO mice can be effectively and specifically detected by molecular MRI and optical methods upon administration of a pegylated micellar CA. Magn Reson Med 58:1164–1170, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple method for improving the primal simplex method for the multicommodity flow problem
Authors: Bompadre Agustín , Orlin James B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present a new efficient approach for solving the multicommodity flow problem as a sequence of subproblems, each on a very sparse but connected network. We show that each subproblem can be contracted to a problem on a much smaller graph. We then solve these problems using the simplex method. We test the algorithm on benchmark instances, and show its improvement over the usual simplex algorithm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
A new method for Stokes problems with circular boundaries using degenerate kernel and Fourier series
Authors: Chen Jeng‐Tzong , Hsiao Chia‐Chun , Leu Shyue‐Yuh 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study is concerned with the Stokes flow of an incompressible fluid of constant density and viscosity with circular boundaries. To fully capture the circular boundary, the boundary densities in the direct and indirect boundary integral equations (BIEs) are expanded in terms of Fourier series. The kernel functions in either the direct BIE or the indirect BIE are expanded to degenerate kernels by using the separation of field and source points. Consequently, the improper integrals are transformed to series sum and are easily calculated. The linear algebraic system can be established by matching the boundary conditions at the collocation points. Then, the unknown Fourier coefficients can be easily determined. Finally, several examples including circular and eccentric domains are presented to demonstrate the validity of the present method. Five gains were obtained: (1) meshless approach; (2) free of boundary‐layer effect; (3) singularity free; (4) exponential convergence; and (5) well‐posed model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radical polymerization of allyl alcohol and allyl acetate
Authors: Iio Kokoro , Kobayashi Kentaro , Matsunaga Mutsuo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMonoallyl compounds are not readily homopolymerized by a conventional free‐radical mechanism. However, the polymerization of allylbiguanide hydrochloride was reported to proceed in a concentrated solution of hydrochloric or phosphoric acid in the presence of a radical initiator. Here we have studied the polymerization of allyl alcohol by a radical initiator in the presence of a Lewis acid (ZnCl2, CuCl2 or MgCl2) in an organic solvent (toluene, hexane, methanol or isopropanol). Reactions were performed either at room temperature or 50°C under an atmosphere of nitrogen or in a sealed tube. The same polymerization was also carried out in water and in a concentrated acid solution. The polymer product was purified by dialysis in 0.2–3.7% yield and confirmed by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR. The molecular weight range of poly(allyl alcohol) was 10,000–35,000. The polymerization of allyl acetate by the radical initiator under the above conditions gave poly(allyl acetate) with the molecular weight range of 10,000–13,800 by multi‐angle laser light scattering. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lung cancer and regular use of aspirin and nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: Kelly Judith P. , Coogan Patricia , Strom Brian L. , Rosenberg Lynn 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the US. There is evidence of a reduced risk of some cancer sites associated with use of aspirin (ASA) and nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NANSAIDs). Our objective was to examine the association of regular use of ASA and NANSAIDs with lung cancer.MethodsA hospital‐based case–control study of 1884 incident cases of lung cancer and 6251 controls with noncancer diagnoses. Use of ASA and NANSAIDs was considered ‘regular’ if it occurred on ≥4 days/week and lasted for ≥3 months. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe OR for regular use of ASA was 1.1 (0.9–1.4), and the corresponding estimate for regular NANSAID use was 1.0 (0.7–1.3). There was no evidence of decreased risk within strata of age, sex, years of education, or interview year. Examining the association within strata of duration of use, recency of use, cigarette smoking status, pack‐years of cigarette smoking, or histologic type of cancer produced no ORs significantly different from 1.0.ConclusionsThe hypothesis that regular use of ASA or NANSAIDs reduces the risk of lung cancer is not supported by the present data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometry analysis of in vitro nitration of a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Liu Hongcheng , Gaza‐Bulseco Georgeen , Chumsae Chris , Radziejewski Czeslaw H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNitration of a recombinant human monoclonal antibody was carried out in vitro by incubating the antibody with the nitrating reagent tetranitromethane (TNM). The susceptible sites of nitration were identified using high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). In general, tyrosine residues in the variable domains of the antibody are more susceptible to nitration, while tyrosine residues in the constant domains are relatively resistant to nitration. However, one tyrosine residue in the CH1 domain and one tyrosine residue in the CH2 domain are highly susceptible to nitration. Interestingly, the susceptible tyrosine residue in the CH2 domain is followed by the conserved asparagine residue that is glycosylated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quasi‐random graphs with given degree sequences
Authors: Chung Fan , Graham Ron 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt is now known that many properties of the objects in certain combinatorial structures are equivalent, in the sense that any object possessing any of the properties must of necessity possess them all. These properties, termed quasirandom, have been described for a variety of structures such as graphs, hypergraphs, tournaments, Boolean functions, and subsets of Zn, and most recently, sparse graphs. In this article, we extend these ideas to the more complex case of graphs which have a given degree sequence. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008
Design, implementation, and performance analysis of PKI certificate repository using LDAP Component Matching
Authors: Lim Sang Seok , Choi Jong Hyuk , Zeilenga Kurt D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe X.509 certificate stored in a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) certificate repository requires secure and flexible means to make assertions against its component values such as the identity of its owner, issuer, and the intended usage of the public key contained therein. LDAP has traditionally lacked this ability because its string‐based encodings do not have a standardized way of carrying structural information of complex syntaxes as in X.500. The traditional remedies to this limitation are (1) to provide certificate‐specific matching for a limited set of components and their combinations and (2) to extract and store the certificate components in separate searchable attributes. Neither of these remedies is considered complete, because the former lacks flexibility while the latter heightens complexity in managing the integrity of the certificate repository and doubles storage requirements. Owing to the significant downside of these remedies, we investigate the possibility of an Abstract Syntax Notation One‐based Component Matching alternative. In this paper, we present (1) the design and implementation of the LDAP Component Matching for an OpenLDAP directory server to facilitate its use as the certificate repository in Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), (2) various optimization mechanisms to increase the performance of the Component Matching and their implementation in OpenLDAP, and (3) the detailed performance analysis of the LDAP directory server as a certificate repository in comparison with the traditional certificate‐specific matching and the attribute extraction approaches. We show that Component Matching, if equipped with the optimization techniques proposed in this paper, outperforms the traditional approaches. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Reliable Biomarker Derived from Plasmalogens to Evaluate Malignancy and Metastatic Capacity of Human Cancers
Authors: Smith Rosina E. , Lespi Pablo , Di Luca María , Bustos Claudia , Marra Fernando A. , de Alaniz María J. T. , Marra Carlos A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAntigen tumor markers employed in monitoring therapeutical approaches are limited by their specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se). The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of a lipid tumor marker derived from ether‐linked phospholipids and to compare it with others usually assayed in clinical practice. Complex lipids from normal and pathological breast, lung, and prostate tissue were isolated and analyzed by TLC and c‐GLC methods. Results were compared as pooled samples, or by means of the averaged percent changes with respect to the composition observed in the normal tissue of the same patient. Sp, Se, negative‐predictive (NPV) and positive‐ predictive values (PPV) were established for conventional markers and for the proposed lipid‐derived marker. Results demonstrated that the content of monoenoic fatty acyl chains was significantly increased in total lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and especially in ethanolamine‐containing ether lipids of neoplastic tissues with respect to their corresponding normal ones. Major changes were observed in the plasmalogen sub‐fraction where the ratio monoenoic/saturated fatty acids can distinguish with high Se normal tissues from either benign or neoplastic tissues from breast, lung, or prostate lesions. Analyses of fatty acyl chains from ethanolamine‐containing plasmalogens provided a reliable tumor marker that correlated with high Se and linearity with metastases spreading. This fact may be useful in prognosis of the most frequently observed human cancers.
A FAMILY OF PLANE CURVES WITH MODULI 3g-4
Authors: CASTORENA ABEL 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the moduli space$\mathcal{M}_g$of smooth and complex irreducible projective curves of genusg, let$\mathcal{GP}_g$be the locus of curves that do not satisfy the Gieseker-Petri theorem. Let$\mathcal{GP}^1_{g,d}$be the subvariety ofGPgformed by curvesCof genusgwith a pencilg1d=(V, L∈G1d(C) free of base points for which the Petri map μV:V⊗H0(C,KC⊗L−1)→H0(C,KC) is not injective. Forg≥8, we construct in this work a family of irreducible plane curves of genusgwith moduli$3g-4 in GP g-2.$
A NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR CERTAIN MARTINGALE INEQUALITIES IN BANACH FUNCTION SPACES
Authors: KIKUCHI MASATO 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLet X be a Banach function space over a nonatomic probability space. We investigate certain martingale inequalities in X that generalize those studied by A. M. Garsia. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on X for the inequalities to be valid.
A STUDY OF UNIFORM ONE-SIDED IDEALS IN SIMPLE RINGS
Authors: CLARK JOHN , VAN HUYNH DINH 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUsing a variation on the concept of a CS module, we describe exactly when a simple ring is isomorphic to a ring of matrices over a Bézout domain. Our techniques are then applied to characterise simple rings which are right and left Goldie, right and left semihereditary.
AN EXTENSION OF THE HERMITE-HADAMARD INEQUALITY THROUGH SUBHARMONIC FUNCTIONS*
Authors: MIHĂILESCU MIHAI , NICULESCU CONSTANTIN P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this paper we obtain a Hermite-Hadamard type inequality for a class of subharmonic functions. Our proofs rely essentially on the properties of elliptic partial differential equations of second order. Our study extends some recent results from [1], [2] and [6].
MULTIPLICITY RESULTS FOR A PERTURBED NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION
Authors: CAMMAROTO F. , CHINNÌ A. , DI BELLA B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this paper, using a recent critical point theorem of Ricceri, we establish two multiplicity results for the Schrödinger equation of the form

where $Gf, \,g:\R^n \times \R \to \R$ (n\ge 3)$ are Carathéodory functions, λ and μ two positive parameters.
EXISTENCE OF MONOTONIC ASYMPTOTICALLY CONSTANT SOLUTIONS FOR SECOND ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: GONZÁLEZ CRISTÓBAL , JIMÉNEZ-MELADO ANTONIO 
Published: November 2007

AbstractStarting from results of Dubé and Mingarelli, Wahlén, and Ehrström, who give conditions that ensure the existence and uniqueness of nonnegative nondecreasing solutions asymptotically constant of the equation

we have been able to reduce their hypotheses in order to obtain the same existence results, at the expense of losing the uniqueness part. The main tool they used is the Banach Fixed Point Theorem, while ours has been the Schauder Fixed Point Theorem together with one version of the Arzelà-Ascoli Theorem.
Pollution abatement cost savings and FDI inflows to polluting sectors in China
Authors: DI WENHUA 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper uses a nested logit model to examine whether potential pollution abatement cost savings adjusted by institutional and socio-economic conditions influence the location choices of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) among Chinese provinces. It incorporates individual polluting firms’ characteristics instead of looking only at location attributes. The results show that (i) FDI firms in polluting industries tend to locate in provinces with higher potential abatement costs savings adjusted for local environmental regulation; (ii) relatively dirtier firms are more likely to locate in less developed provinces or provinces with fewer similar polluting industries; (iii) firms in pollution-intensive industries are more sensitive to regulation and development status than firms in non-polluting industries; and (iv) firms tend to locate in provinces where they have more bargaining power with local governments. These findings suggest the existence of domestic pollution havens in China.
How effective is the revised regulatory code for alcohol advertising in Australia?
Authors: JONES SANDRA C. , HALL DANIKA , MUNRO GEOFFREY 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Australia, like several other countries, has a self‐regulatory approach to advertising. However, in recent years the effectiveness of the regulatory system has been questioned, and there have been increasing public calls for an overhaul of the system. Following a formal review in 2003, the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy proposed a revised Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC), which came into operation in 2004. Design and Methods. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of this revised system. From May 2004 until March 2005 television and magazine advertising campaigns were monitored for alcohol products. Over this period 14 complaints against alcohol advertisements were lodged with the self‐regulatory board, and the authors recruited an independent expert panel to assess the advertisements and complaints. Results. In eight of the 14 cases a majority of the judges perceived the advertisement to be in breach of the code, and in no cases did a majority perceive no breach. Conversely, however, none of the complaints were upheld by the Advertising Standards Board (ASB) and only one by the ABAC Panel. Discussion and Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that the decisions made by the ASB in relation to complaints against alcohol advertisements are not in harmony with the judgement of independent experts, and that the ASB may not be performing an adequate job of representing community standards or protecting the community from offensive or inappropriate advertisements. Further, it appears that the revisions to the ABAC code, and associated processes, have not reduced the problems associated with alcohol advertising in Australia.