bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
'The Light of God's Law': Violence and Metaphysics in the '50s Widescreen Biblical Epic
Authors: Sheen Erica 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe essay offers a reading of two episodes from widescreen biblical epics of the 1950s: Henry Koster's CinemaScope The Robe (Twentieth Century Fox, 1952), the story of the Roman centurion who played dice for Jesus' robe at the foot of the cross, and Cecil B. De Mille's VistaVision The Ten Commandments (Paramount, 1957). Widescreen technology was developed in response to a catastrophic postwar slump in cinema attendance. In this respect, it was extremely successful: by 1960, De Mille's film was top of Variety magazine's all-time grossing list. More important, however, is the fact that it transformed the very nature of the cinema image. This article reassesses the historical and theoretical significance of the '50s biblical epic, and argues not only that the metaphysics of presence it inscribed within the Hollywood frame has not been adequately theorised, but also that its transcendental values anticipate the challenge to poststructuralist thinking that has been gathering momentum in Jacques Derrida's readings of Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas.
Rereading the Body Politic: Women and Violence in Judges 21
Authors: Bach Alice 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe essay compares the treatment of the women of Shiloh in Judges 21 with that of the pilegesh who is raped in Judges 19. The gaps and silences surrounding the violent acts against women described in Judges 21 can be filled with modern atrocities committed against women, particularly those in the rape camps in Bosnia. Filling the gaps will oblige the reader to hear the silence of the women who were given no agency by the biblical authors. If women can march through city streets to "take back the night," then feminist critics can also "take back the texts," or at least recognize what is at stake in the process of representing rape and the act of reading violence.
The Introduction To Ibn Rushd's Bidăyat Al-Mujtahid
Authors: Dutton Yasin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIbn Rushd's Bidāyat al-mujtahid is a book on legal differences (ikhtilāf)1 in which he not only details the main points of difference between the various Sunni legal schools (madhāhib, sing. madhhab) but also aims to explain the juristic principles (usŪl) that lie behind these differences in the details (furŪc) of the law. Presented here is a new annotated translation of the Introduction to this book, which is of interest both as a masterly summary of these basic juristic principles from a classical Muslim point of view, and for what it tells us about Ibn Rushd the jurist. The translation is prefaced by an introductory section giving brief details of Ibn Rushd the man and the nature and significance of his Bidāya.
A Sociology of Sacred Texts
Authors: Davies Jon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn 1992 Sheffield Academic Press will publish a selection of the papers given at this Conference, which was held in Newcastle in July 1991. The Conference was organized by the Department of Religious Studies at Newcastle University. The Head of the Department at the time was Professor John Sawyer. The publication will be edited by the new Head of the Department, Jon Davies, and by Isabel Wollaston, currently a British Academy Post Doctoral Fellow at Oxford. Two of our students-Carol Charlton and Michael Burke-worked extra hours to make sure the organisation functioned. Our thanks are due to them and to all participants. This article is in part a summary of the Conference and of those papers which will appear in the book. It is also a contribution in its own right to an understanding of the relationships between the social sciences [sociology and anthropology] and theology. Several cross-cutting social, personal and professional loyalties can, and often do create degrees of distance, dispute and misunderstanding between the two disciplines. As it happens, this Conference managed to find a respectable acreage of common ground; but it is perhaps useful to mention some of the possible areas of controversy, if only because any future conference will probably have to deal with them more directly than we chose to! Readers will of course realise that the book is still being prepared and that the papers discussed here may well be altered or added to. The premise of this article is that all "TEXTS", be they sacred or secular, ancient or modem, canonical or provisional, are the products of human social transactions, a human context, with all that this means for the processes of text-creation and the business of conscious, purposeful, fallible, writing and editing. Texts and contexts change together; and change each other.
Non-substantial Individuals in the Categories
Authors: Heinaman Robert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThere is a dispute as to what sort of entity non-substantial individuals are in Aristotle's Categories. The traditional interpretation holds that non-substantial individuals are individual qualities, quantities, etc. For example, Socrates' white is an individual quality belonging to him alone, numerically distinct from (though possibly specifically identical with) other individual colors. I will refer to these sorts of entities as 'individual instances.' The new interpretation1 suggests instead that non-substantial individuals are atomic species such as a specific shade of white that is indivisible into more specific shades. On this view, non-substantial individuals are what we would call universals2 which can be present in different individual substances, but are labelled 'individuals' by Aristotle because, like individual substances, there is nothing they are said of.3 In this paper I will defend the traditional account by attempting to show that it is supported by the slender textual evidence that is available. I will begin by stating three serious objections to the traditional interpretation. Next I will show that in works later than the Categories Aristotle accepted individual instances of properties of the sort found in the Categories by the traditional interpretation. Finally, I will set out the evidence that supports the traditional interpretation and answer the three objections.
Definitions and Hypotheses in Posterior Analytics 72 a 19-25 and 76 b 35-77 a 4
Authors: Landor Blake 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn An. Post. I, 2, 72 a 8ff., Aristotle gives a description of the kinds of premisses that can occur in a demonstration. It is the purpose of this paper to explore some difficulties that arise in the interpretation of this passage and of the related passage at An. Post. I, 10, 76b 33 ff.
The Moral and Conceptual Universe of Cockfighters: Symbolism and Rationalization
Authors: Hawley Fred 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCockfighting is an ancient sport that has deep roots in rural parts of the world and in certain areas of the United States. It also has great symbolic significance to its practitioners and aficionados as an affirmation of masculine identity in a increasingly complex and diverse era. Although the activity is illegal in most jurisdictions, it continues, generally in a covert setting. Because cockfighting is subject to criminal sanction and informal social disapproval, cockfighters have developed rationalizations which they use among themselves and offer to outsiders. These rationalizations are complex; some are overtly religious in nature. Cockfighters do more than merely talk about their pastime - they actively engage in formal and informal lobbying to keep criminal penalties for their activity at a low level of severity. As the nation continues to urbanize, these lobbying efforts, while effective in the past, are gradually losing legislative support. For a number of reasons, the pastime is losing respectability and adherents and will probably be criminalized nationwide before the end of the century.
The Symbolic Role of Animals in the Plains Indian Sun Dance
Authors: Lawrence Elizabeth Atwood 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor many tribes of Plains Indians whose bison-hunting culture flourished during the 18th and 19th centuries, the sun dance was the major communal religious ceremony. Generally held in late spring or early summer, the rite celebrates renewal-the spiritual rebirth of participants and their relatives as well as the regeneration of the living earth with all its components. The sun dance reflects relationships with nature that are characteristic of the Plains ethos, and includes symbolic representations of various animal species, particularly the eagle and the buffalo, that once played vital roles in the lives of the people and are still endowed with sacredness and special powers. The ritual, involving sacrifice and supplication to insure harmony between all living beings, continues to be practiced by many contemporary native Americans.
The Caring Sleuth: Portrait of an Animal Rights Activist
Authors: Shapiro Kenneth 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe present study of the psychology of animal rights activists utilizes a qualitative analytic method based on two forms of data: a set of questionnaire protocols completed by grassroots activists and of autobiographical accounts by movement leaders. The resultant account keys on the following descriptives: (1) an attitude of caring, (2) suffering as an habitual object of perception, and (3) the aggressive and skillful uncovering and investigation of instances of suffering. In a final section, the investigator discusses tensions and conflicts arising from these three themes and various ways of attempting to resolve them.
The Abuse of Animals and Domestic Violence: A National Survey of Shelters for Women who are Battered
Authors: Wood David S. , Weber Claudia V. , Ascione Frank R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe maltreatment of animals, usually companion animals, may occur in homes where there is domestic violence, yet we have limited information about the prevalence of such maltreatment. We surveyed the largest shelters for women who are battered in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Shelters were selected if they provided overnight facilities and programs or services for children. Ninety-six percent of the shelters responded. Analysis revealed that it is common for shelters to serve women and children who talk about companion animal abuse. However, only a minority of respondents indicated that they systematically ask about companion animal maltreatment in their intake interview. We discuss the implications of these results for domestic violence programs, animal welfare organizations, and programs serving children of women who are battered by their partners.
Perceptions of Family Violence: Are Companion Animals in the Picture?
Authors: Raupp Carol D. , Oliver Judith A. , Barlow Mary 
Published: April 2008

AbstractService and education organizations such as the ASPCA claim a connection between family violence against children and companion animals, but to what extent does the general public share this perception? Sixty-three undergraduates rated their certainty about perceiving family violence using 60 pictures with differing potential targets of family violence. Participants showed stronger certainty when the target was a child than when the target was a companion animal, but ratings for companion animals averaged above the midpoint of the scale used. Interview questions were used to obtain information about childhood recollections of joint discipline situations in which children received punishment for what companion animals did, or vice versa. Thirty-four participants recalled such situations, some of which resulted in the death or discarding of a family's companion animal. The majority of participants affirmed a connection between violence against children and companion animals in the family, with some giving credit for that insight to their taking part in the study.
What is a "Jewish Dog"? Konrad Lorenz and the Cult of Wildness
Authors: Sax Boria 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper explores the Nazi view of nature as violent but orderly, contrasted with what the Nazis took to be the chaos and confusion of human society. In imposing strict authoritarian controls, the Nazis strove to emulate what they viewed as the natural discipline of instinct. They saw this as embodied in wild animals, especially large predators such as wolves, while the opposite were domesticated mongrels whose instincts, like those of overly civilized peoples, had been ruined through careless breeding. Those who anticipated this view included Nietzsche and Kipling. The author finds the Nazi perspective best articulated by Nobel-laureate Konrad Lorenz, a member of the Nazi party and its Office for Race Policy, who believed that traits indicating genetic decline crossed species lines. He advocated correcting the alleged damage done to animals and people by civilization through eugenic controls.
Loving Them to Death: Blame-Displacing Strategies of Animal Shelter Workers and Surrenderers
Authors: Frommer Stephanie S. , Arluke Arnold 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article examines how shelter workers and individuals who surrender their companion animals to shelters manage guilt about killing previously valued animals. Researchers used an ethnographic approach that entailed open-ended interviews and directobservations of workers and surrenderers in a major, metropolitan shelter. Both workers and surrenderers used blame displacement as a mechanism for dealing with their guilt over euthanasia or its possibility. Understanding this coping strategy provides insights into how society continues to relinquish animal companions-despite the animals' chances of death-as well as how shelter workers cope with killing the animals they aim to protect.
The Phonetic Structure and Tone Behaviour in Hagu (Commonly Known as the Amoy Dialect) and Their Relation To Certain Questions in Chinese Linguistics
Authors: Chiu Bien-Ming 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSumming up, we may say that the behaviour of tone in Hagu is a most remarkable linguistic phenomenon. It serves, first of all, to distinguish words of different meanings. Then it figures as a means to bring out emphasis and contrast. Then by an ingenious working of tonal laws, it is able to organize syllables of widely different tones into smooth tonal groups, each gathering around its tonic. Finally the tonic lays the foundation for the analysis of syntactical relations. Such, in a few words, is the function of tones in Hagu.
Divination By Shells, Bones and Stalks During the Han Period
Authors: Loewe Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFrom the foregoing it may be seen that many Chinese of the Han period retained a deep faith in the powers of divination. Deliberate attempts to search for guidance in this way possessed a significance and a validity that was no less forceful than that of other intellectual or religious activities undertaken in like manner to plumb the secrets of the universe. The act of divination depended on a belief in the unitary nature of the universe. It sought communication with unseen powers through the medium of material objects that were
Wer Sprach Den Segen Nach Genesis Xiv 19 Über Abraham Aus?
Authors: Peter Michal 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAus unserer Untersuchung geht hervor, dass der Text von Gen. xiv 17-24 zwei wesentliche Ergänzungen enthält: den Vers 18 über Melchisedek und den Vers 20 b über die Zehntenabgabe. Dagegen bilden die Verse 19 und 20 eine Einheit mit dem Vers 17 und beziehen sich auf den König von Sodom. In dieser Gestalt der Erzählung spricht nicht Melchisedek den feierlichen Segen über Abraham den Sieger aus, sondern ein kanaanäischer König, Bera, der Herrscher von Sodom (Gen. xiv 2)8). Diese Kunde verdanken wir unverkennbar der sehr altertümlichen Tradition, nach welcher es noch keine Gegensätzlichkeiten zwischen den Abrahamiten und der einheimischen Bevölkerung gab. Diese gewiss mündliche Überlieferung übernahm hernach die J-Tradition und legte sie schriftlich nieder. Die Person des Melchisedek wurde später in das Buch Genesis eingefügt. Das ist sicherlich das Werk der Traditionsschicht E, die bestrebt war, die dem König von Sodom sehr wohlgesinnte Schilderung seines Verhältnisses zu Abraham abzuschwächen und die Melchisedek-Tradition aufzuwerten. Die Einfügung des Melchisedek in Gen. xiv bewirkte eine künstliche Zusammenstellung der Verse 17-24, und, was noch schlimmer ist, sie leitete die jüdischen sowie auch später die christlichen Kommentatoren auf falsche spekulative Wege, z.B. zur Annahme des scheinbar von Melchisedek bereits vertretenen Monotheismus. Aber das sind schon weitere Probleme, die mit unserem Thema nicht mehr unmittelbar verbunden sind.
The Meaning and Significance of Asherah1
Authors: Margalit Baruch 
Published: April 2008

Abstract"... aus der Vergleichung der außeralttestamentlichen Belege ... mit den alttestamentlichen ist offenbar die nötige etymologische und lexikographische Konsequenz noch nicht gezogen" (O. Eissfeldt, "Etymologische und archäologische Erklärung alttestamentlichcr Wörter", Oriens Antiquus 5 [1966], p. 170 = Kleine Schriften 4 [Tübingen, 1968], p. 290).
Jahwe Als Schöpfer Der Welt Und Herr Ihrer Mächte in Der Verkündigung Des Propheten Amos1
Authors: Pfeifer Gerhard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Texte Amos iv 13, v 8-9, ix 5-6 stehen in ihrer sprachlichen Form, ihren sachlichen Aussagen und ihrer Denkform nicht im Widerspruch zu den übrigen Worten des Propheten Amos, vielmehr stimmen sie mit ihnen überein und können sehr wohl von ihm selbst verfaßt sein.
On Sacred or Secular Ground? Callicott and Environmental Ethics
Authors: Taylor Bron 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn Earth's Insights Baird Callicott develops a science-based but religiously influenced global environmental ethics that attempts to resolve the relationships between science, religion, and morality. He proposes to privilege science and relegate religion to a supportive and corrective role in environmental ethics. I argue, on the contrary, that a rationally compelling environmental ethics is dependent on religion and that, ironically, the only way to resolve conundrums regarding science, religion, and morality, is to stand environmental ethics on sacred ground.
What's Postmodern about Earth's Insights?
Authors: Lorentzen Lois Ann 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCallicott convinces us that diverse religious traditions provide resources in constructing an environmental ethic. However, his use of the term postmodern, while rejecting most of postmodern thought, is not helpful for his project. Callicott also presumes that nonanthropocentrism and holism are necessary for a universal environmental ethic, and provides only one version of ecofeminism. There are reasons to prefer pluralism in environmental ethics and ecofeminism.
Judaism and Christianity in Earth's Insights
Authors: Radford Ruether Rosemary 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn Earth's Insights, Baird Callicott argues that Hebrew scripture, because of its more communal and this-worldly standpoint, is more amenable to environmental ethics than the New Testament. I enumerate other insights from this tradition, portraying a three-way relation in which nature has its own autonomy, as well as reciprocal interrelation with the human and with God.
What Has God to Do with Sustainable Development? A Sahelian Dialogue
Authors: Hintjens Helen M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Sahel region has become fairly well known as an environmentally vulnerable region where human inventiveness and collective organisation have been able to reverse processes of land degradation, brought about by earlier 'maldevelopment'. This paper sets out to explore schisms between local accounts of the spiritual significance of environmental decay, and regeneration involving interventions by external development agencies. It focuses on the case of two Northern NGOs. The two project-level examples are located in Mali; one is a World Vision-sponsored tree seedling project, the other an SOS Sahel-sponsored well-digging scheme. Each presents a contrasting approach to local beliefs in God; the first attempts to 'correct' what are seen as wrong beliefs; the second seeks to build on existing beliefs and religious practices. In the one. relations between humans and the natural environment are conceived as being spiritually laden, in the other they are seen as almost purely functional. If Sahelian people are to be held responsible for environmental regeneration, then their religious beliefs about nature, however complex, need to be incorporated into the design of development interventions from the outset.
The 'Balance Sheet' and the 'Sacred Balance': Valuing the Knowledge of Indigenous and Traditional Peoples1
Authors: Addison Posey Darrell 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIndigenous and traditional peoples, who often attribute a sacred quality to nature, have made major contributions to the enhancement and conservation of the world's biodiversity. Although this is increasingly recognised in international discourse, rights of these peoples to continue their traditional practices are threatened by the globalised economy. Likewise, science implicitly denies their contribution to biodiversity conservation and enhancement by referring to their lands as 'wild' or 'wilderness'. It also effectively undermines their rights by claiming that the biodiversity fostered by their traditional practices is a global resource. In order to counter these threats, we need, not only to strengthen the rights of indigenous and traditional peoples, but also to reverse global trends that substitute economic and utilitarian models for the holistic concept of the 'sacred balance'.
On the Irreplaceability of Place
Authors: Light Andrew 
Published: April 2008

AbstractI examine a puzzle concerning the role of humans in the appreciation of place that arises in Christoph Rehmann-Sutter's paper in this volume, specifically the problem of the irreplaceability of place. If places are designated as valuable in part because they are irreplaceable, and if any human can appreciate any place, then how can humans ever be part of a place if they are ultimately substitutable as agents who appreciate places? After identifying the puzzle I briefly discuss two possible ways to answerthis problem though the literature on bioregionalism. Two kinds of bioregionalism, liberal bioregionalism (LB) and communitarian bioregionalism (CB) are identified and distinguished. A brief appeal is made to embrace LB for now (which entails avoiding the irreplaceability problem by jettisoning the need to focus on the special qualities of a particular place) and to hold off on CB as a goal down the road which would re-establish the importance of specificity in the value of place.
Houses, People and Good Fortune: Geomancy and Vernacular Architecture in Japan
Authors: Kalland Arne 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe paper seeks to analyse Japanese vernacular architecture in terms of geomancy. There is a widely held belief that the orientation and shape of the house, as well as the location of the various rooms and objects (e.g. altars, water basins, stoves) therein, have profound impact on the wellbeing of its residents. The main features of the geomantic compass are outlined, and it is argued that the northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest axes are of particular importance. Whereas the former is seen as representing wealth and the continuity of the household, the latter represents danger and the threats that face the household due to its reliance on other households for in-marrying 'strangers' (i.e. women).
Lithodytes lineatus (SCHNEIDER, 1799) (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) as a dweller in nests of the leaf cutting ant Atta cephalotes (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Attini)
Authors: Schlüter Andreas , Regös Janos 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe leptodactylid frog Lithodytes lineatus is associated with the leaf cutting ant Atta cephalotes in Perú. All specimens found in the investigated area were observed sitting near the entrances of nests of leaf cutting ants. One, found sitting in a nest at a depth of 60 cm, was heard calling and was recorded by lowering a microphone into the ant nest. All investigated leaf cutting ant nests were occupied by ants involved in normal foraging activities.