bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor-L (ECF-L): A Novel Osteoclast Stimulating Factor
Authors: Oba Yasuo , Chung HO Yeon , Choi Sun Jin , Roodman G David 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Screening a cDNA library enriched for genes expressed in OCLs identified ECF-L. ECF-L enhanced OCL formation without increasing RANKL levels. Anti-ECF-L inhibited RANKL-induced OCL formation. These results support a potent role of ECF-L in osteoclastogenesis.
Introduction: To investigate the molecular mechanisms that control osteoclastogenesis, we developed an immortalized osteoclast (OCL) precursor cell line that forms mature OCLs in the absence of stromal cells and used it to form pure populations of OCLs.
Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) selective cDNA subtraction was used to identify genes that are highly expressed in mature OCLs compared with OCL precursors employing OCL and OCL precursors derived from this cell line.
Results: Eosinophil chemotactic factor-L (ECF-L), a previously described chemotactic factor for eosinophils, was one of the genes identified. Conditioned media from 293 cells transfected with mECF-L cDNA, or purified ECF-L Fc protein, increased OCL formation in a dose-dependent manner in mouse bone marrow cultures treated with 10−10 M 1,25(OH)2D3. OCLs derived from marrow cultures treated with ECF-L conditioned media formed increased pit numbers and resorption area per dentin slice compared with OCLs induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 (p &lt; 0.01). Addition of an antisense S-oligonucleotide to mECF-L inhibited OCL formation in murine bone marrow cultures treated only with 10−9 M 1,25(OH)2D3 compared with the sense S-oligonucleotide control. Time course studies demonstrated that ECF-L acted at the later stages of OCL formation, and chemotactic assays showed that mECF-L increased migration of OCL precursors. mECF-L mRNA was detectable in mononuclear and multinucleated cells by in situ hybridization. Interestingly, a neutralizing antibody to ECF-L blocked RANKL or 10−9 M 1,25(OH)2D3-induced OCL formation in mouse bone marrow cultures, although ECF-L did not induce RANKL expression.
Conclusions: These data show ECF-L is a previously unknown factor that is a potent mediator of OCL formation, which acts at the later stages of OCL formation and enhances the effects of RANKL.
Miniaturized, Autoclavable Surgical Robot (Miniaturisierter, autoklavierbarer Roboter für die Chirurgie)
Authors: Koulechov Kirill , Rapoport Tobias , Lueth Tim C. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In this paper a design for a miniaturized, autoclavable robot for medicine is presented. The design is motivated by problems like size, visibility of the situs and the sterility of the operating field of known surgical robotics systems. The authors present a simple yet effective approach for closed loop control and a kinematics that addresses and solves these problems. Experiments show that properties like positioning precision and mechanical resistance during autoclaving are sufficient for certain clinical applications.
Rapid Control Prototyping petrinetzbasierter Steuerungen mit dem Tool NETLAB (Rapid Control Prototyping of Petri Net Based Controllers with the Tool NETLAB)
Authors: Orth Philipp , Abel Dirk 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Der Beitrag beschreibt das Rapid Prototyping ereignisdiskreter Steuerungen. Während des Entwurfsprozesses wird mit dem Petrinetz-Zustandsraum-Modell (PNZRM) eine auf S/T-Netzen beruhende hybride Modellform genutzt. Mit Netlab steht ein Aufsatz für Matlab/Simulink zur Verfügung, der die Beschreibung ausführbarer ereignisdiskreter Modelle unterstützt und so innerhalb der Entwurfsumgebung die Modellierung in der Form des PNZRM ermöglicht. Netlab bietet auch eine zum Real-Time Workshop kompatible C-Code-Generierung. Der stark auf die grafische Darstellung ausgerichtete Ansatz ist vielversprechend in Bezug auf die Selbstdokumentation der erstellten Modelle. Zudem eröffnen die Programmier-Schnittstellen von Netlab neue Möglichkeiten bei der Erforschung und praktischen Erprobung von Entwurfsmethoden.
Genotypic Variability in Morphological and Physiological Traits among Maize Inbred Lines—Nitrogen Responses
Authors: D'Andrea K. E. , Otegui M. E. , Cirilo A. G. , Eyhérabide G. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTA better understanding of the physiological processes related to nitrogen (N) metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines is important for increasing the efficiency of breeding programs targeting low‐N environments. This study analyzed the response to contrasting N availability of morphophysiological traits in a set of 12 maize inbred lines, from different origins (USA and Argentina) and breeding eras (from 1952 onward). Traits included in the analysis were related to canopy structure, light interception, shoot biomass production, and grain yield. Our results indicate that (i) the start of N effects on canopy size was more related to a threshold crop leaf area index (about 2) than to a given leaf stage (i.e., Vn), (ii) the light attenuation coefficient value was not affected by N availability, (iii) variations in kernel number per plant were explained by prolificacy (r2 = 0.59), and (iv) differences in harvest index were related to kernel number per plant (r2 = 0.77). The most important finding of our research was the detection in some inbreds of a particular response of kernel number to plant growth rate around silking, different from the general model established for hybrids. In these inbreds an additional effect of N availability was detected as reduced kernel set at a given plant growth rate under N deficient conditions (i.e., reduced reproductive efficiency). This result highlights the need of more research on reproductive sink development in this type of germplasm.
Litter Mass, Deposition Rate, and Chemical Composition in Bahiagrass Pastures Managed at Different Intensities
Authors: Dubeux J. C. B. , Sollenberger L. E. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Stewart R. L. , Interrante S. M. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTPlant litter is an important pathway of nutrient return to the soil in grazed swards, but the effects of pasture management on litter mass and composition are not well understood. This research evaluated the effect of management intensity, defined in terms of N fertilization and stocking rate (SR), on litter mass, deposition rate, and chemical composition in continuously stocked ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) pastures growing on Pomona and Smyrna sands. Treatments were three management intensities: Low (40 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 1.3 animal units [AU, one AU = 500 kg live weight] ha−1 SR), Moderate (120 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 2.7 AU ha−1 SR), and High (360 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 4.0 AU ha−1 SR). Greater management intensity resulted in less litter mass on the pasture early in the growing season and more litter mass later in the season. Rate of litter deposition was generally greatest for High and ranged between 23 and 40 kg organic matter (OM) ha−1 d−1 compared with 13 to 30 kg OM ha−1 d−1 for Low and Moderate management intensities. Increasing management intensity from Low to High resulted in greater litter N (14.1 vs. 22.9 g kg−1) and P (0.8 vs. 1.3 g kg−1) concentrations and lesser C:N (∼40 vs. 22), C:P (649 vs. 433), and lignin:N (5.8 vs. 4.4) ratios. More intensive pasture management was associated with greater litter deposition rate and litter quality than less intensive management, suggesting a larger nutrient contribution from litter in intensively managed swards.
Pinter and Chekhov: The Bond of Naturalism
Authors: Lahr John 
Published: April 2006

We begin with the idea that nature is all we need; it is necessary to accept her as she is, without modifying her or diminishing her in any respect; she is sufficiently beautiful and great to provide a beginning, a middle, and an end. Instead of imagining an adventure, complicating it, and arranging a series of theatrical effects to lead to a final conclusion, we simply take from life the story of a being or a group of beings whose acts we faithfully set down. The work becomes an official record, nothing more; its only merit is that of exact observation, of the more or less profound penetration of analysis, of the logical concatenation of facts …“On Naturalism in the Theatre,” Emile Zola (1880)Naturalism has its roots in a scientific approach which melds man inextricably to his environment, studying him as a complex amalgam of audible rhythms and spectacular mutations for survival. Chekhov, the passionate doctor, applied this discipline to the ailing conventional drama of his time.
Mutual Creation
Authors: Halprin Ann 
Published: April 2006

“Myths” are experimental. The performers, members of the Dancers’ Workshop Co. and participants in Ann Halprin's Advanced Dance seminar, are unrehearsed. What unfolds is a spontaneous exploration of theatre ideas. “Myths” are meant to evoke our long buried and half forgotten selves. Each evening will explore a different relationship between the audience and performers, and between our awareness, our bodies, and our environments. The audience should not be bound by accustomed passivity, by static self images, or by restricted clothing. “Myths” are your myths. They are an experiment in mutual creation.For 10 consecutive Thursdays, starting in October 1967, groups of about 50 people came to the Dancers’ Workshop studios in San Francisco. Most of them expected a “performance,” and instead found themselves “performers.” The Workshop had attempted to prepare the public by mailing the above announcement, but people were too pre-conditioned to understand what the release meant, and could only be convinced by the actual experience.
Drama, Script, Theatre, and Performance
Authors: Schechner Richard 
Published: April 2006

The phenomena called either/all “drama,” “theatre,” “performance” occur among all the world's peoples and date back as far as historians, archeologists, and anthropologists can go. Evidence indicates that dancing, singing, wearing masks and/ or costumes, impersonating either other men, animals, or supernaturals, acting out stories, presenting time at time, isolating and preparing special places and/or times for these presentations, and individual or group preparations or rehearsals are coexistent with the human condition. Of countless examples from paleolithic times none is more interesting than the cave at Tuc d'Audoubert:A sunken river guards the fearsome Tuc d'Audoubert, two hundred long underground feet of which one breasts or boats upon before the first land; then comes a precarious thirty-foot steep shaft up ladders placed there and slippery pegs; and next a crawl through claustrophobic low passages, to reach the startling footprints of ancient dancers in bare feet and the models of copulating bisons, in clay on the floor beyond.
Women for Women
Authors: Rea Charlotte 
Published: April 2006

Women's theatre groups are seeking new forms—forms that have not been derived from the male-oriented and male-dominated theatre that now exists. A search for new content also characterizes these groups, but their most important aspect is their relationship with their audiences. The theatre done by these groups is aimed at a specialized audience and often is performed exclusively for that audience—women. Almost all of the women's theatre groups reserve at least one of their performances for women only, and most prefer to play only for women, even when they admit men.While women's theatre groups exist in many cities throughout the country, New York provides a base for a large number of troupes. Many of these groups maintain themselves by touring colleges, universities, and women's centers throughout the United States and Canada.
Meyerhold's Biomechanics
Authors: Gordon Mel 
Published: April 2006

In my Biomechanics, I was able to determine altogether twelve or thirteen rules for the training of an actor. But when I polish it, I'll leave perhaps no more than eight.Vs. MeyerholdBiomechanics was a system of actor-training that Meyerhold devised shortly after the Revolution. Although not always clearly understood, it received wide attention during the twenties and thirties due to Meyerhold's unique position as the foremost revolutionary avant-garde director. Curiously, Meyerhold's own conceptions about Biomechanics, which were almost unchanged throughout his career, appeared to be both grandiose and seemingly modest: While maintaining that the mastery of Biomechanics afforded the actor all the essential skills necessary for scenic movement—skills that would take the ordinary actor nearly a life-time to learn, he relegated his own class in Biomechanics at the Meyerhold Workshop to a status equal to that of the other studies in body movement that were taught there, such as acrobatics, modern dance, or eurhythmics.
American Dramaturgs
Authors: Schechter Joel 
Published: April 2006

The dramaturg's profession, which began in eighteenth-century Germany, has only recently been instituted in the United States. During the past decade, new resident and ensemble theatres around the country have added to their staffs the first generation of American dramaturgs. Generally these dramaturgs hold the less Germanic title of Literary Manager or Literary Advisor; but like their European counterparts, they serve as criticsin-residence for non-commercial, subsidized theatre companies.Delayed arrival of the profession is partially due to America's late development of permanent, non-commercial theatres. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Germany's first important dramaturg, began his career in 1767 when the nation's first permanent, subsidized repertory company hired him to write about its productions at Hamburg. Though the permanence of the Hamburg National Theatre is questionable—it lasted about two years—its plan to develop a repertory of new plays led the theatre to hire Lessing, a playwright/critic who both carefully evaluated new scripts and wrote them.
Ellen Stewart and La Mama
Authors: Stewart Ellen 
Published: April 2006

This article was transcribed and edited from an address given by Ellen Stewart at Millennium Film Workshop, 66 East Fourth Street in New York, on March 26, 1979 as part of a seminar series organized by Howard Guttenplan, director of Millennium. While the material remains as spoken, segments have been rearranged, and answers to questions asked by spectators have been integrated to make a single piece.The traditional or so-called conventional play has never interested me. It's not because of any great esthetic reason, it is simply that in our house we didn't have a room to ourselves. We slept in the dining room. My mother had radios that she turned on to the soaps, and we had to listen to them whether we wanted to or not. Subsequently, anything that even resembled a soap opera I would try my damnedest not to do. It's something that's lodged in me.
Compensatory Recruitment, Growth, and Mortality as Factors Maintaining Rain Forest Tree Diversity
Authors: Connell Joseph H. , Tracey J. G. , Webb Leonard J. 
Published: April 2006

One general hypothesis to explain how forest tree diversity is maintained is that rarer species are favored over commoner species in their reproduction, growth, and/or mortality. Mechanisms acting in this way would continually compensate for the tendency of some species to increase at the expense of others, and would reduce the chance of local extinction of rare species. Two hypotheses concerning such compensatory mechanisms were tested in subtropical and tropical evergreen rain forests in Queensland, Australia.Hypothesis 1: on the scale of 1—2 ha, commoner species have lower rates of recruitment and growth and higher rates of mortality than do rarer ones. This hypothesis was tested using abundances either of adults or of members of the same size—class, and was rejected for growth and mortality and for recruitment of over—story species, but not rejected for recruitment in subcanopy and understory species in either forest.Hypothesis 2: the close proximity of other individuals is more deleterious (i.e., causes slower growth or higher mortality) if they are the same species than if they are different species. This hypothesis was accepted for growth or survival of nearest neighbors in several of the seedling size—classes in both forests. In contrast, increased densities of the same species in quadrats had no more deleterious effect on growth and survival than did increased densities of different species. At the scale of proximity to adults, hypothesis 2 predicts that young trees have higher mortality nearer conspecific adults than farther away. In both forests, 90% of the species tested showed no such pattern of mortality of seedlings or saplings, nor was the strength or direction of the deviation from equal mortality correlated with the abundance of adults of that species. Field experiments gave the same results.In summary, tests of both hypotheses showed that some compensatory trends occurred and that these were very similar in the two forests. The mechanisms producing these compensatory trends may be attacks by natural enemies (grazers, pathogenic fungi, etc.), interference, or, less likely, competition for resources.
Piscator's Rasputin
Authors: Innes Christopher 
Published: April 2006

The theatrical flashpoint In the 1920's was Berlin. The aftermath of war, revolution and putsch; the increasing polarization of society; inflation and depression, which revealed the flaws in industrial capitalism; the example of Russia, which under Lenin still provided an ideal of heroic political action—all formed a creative ferment that found expression on the German stage with its traditional claim to be a “moral tribunal.” The primary challenge was to develop ways of representing a new, distinctively twentiethcentury perception of reality. As Brecht put it:Just the grasping of a new range of material requires a new dramatic and theatrical form. Can we speak about finance in heroic couplets?…Petroleum struggles against the five-act form…. The dramatic technique of Hebbel and Ibsen is insufficient by far for dramatizing even a simple press release.
Sensorineural deafness, hydrocephalus and structural brain abnormalities in two sisters: The Chudley–McCullough syndrome
Authors: Matteucci Fabio , Tarantino Enrico , Bianchi Maria Cristina , Cingolani Cristina , Fattori Bruno , Nacci Andrea , Ursino Francesco 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe describe an Italian family in which two sisters have macrocephaly due to hydrocephalus, and sensorineural hearing loss in addition to other brain abnormalities demonstrated by Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The girls, born to healthy non‐consanguineous parents, have borderline psychomotor development delay (probably due to hearing defect) and minor dysmorphisms. The clinical picture fits the Chudley–McCullough syndrome, an autosomal recessive condition, to date described in only five families. Our data, in particular the neuroradiological findings, include all brain anomalies variably reported in previous works (hydrocephalus, corpus callosum partial agenesis, interhemispheric cyst, cerebral and cerebellar cortex dysplasia), thus illustrating the full phenotype of the syndrome. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast and precise access to enantiomerization rate constants in dynamic chromatography
Authors: Trapp O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn analytical solution of the unified equation to evaluate elution profiles of interconverting enantiomers in dynamic chromatography is presented. Rate constantsk1andk−1and Gibbs activation energies are directly obtained from the chromatographic parameters (retention timestandtof the interconverting enantiomers, the peak widths at half heightwAandwB,and the relative plateau heighthp), and the initial amountsA0andB0of the enantiomers without any iterative and time consuming computational step. Therefore, this equation is no longer limited to racemic analytes. The analytical solution presented here was validated by comparison with a dataset of 125,000 simulated elution profiles of enantiomerizations. Furthermore, it was found that the recovery rate from a defined dataset is on average 40% higher using the unified equation compared to evaluation methods based on iterative computer simulation. The new equation was applied to determine the enantiomerization rate constant of 1‐n‐butyl‐2‐tert‐butyldiaziridine by enantioselective gas chromatography. The activation parameters (ΔH‡= 112.6 ± 2.5 kJ/mol and ΔS‡= −27 ± 2 J/(K mol) were obtained from temperature‐dependent measurements between 100°C and 140°C in 10K steps. Chirality 18:489–497, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiomer separation of amino acids in immunoaffinity micro LC‐MS
Authors: Zeleke Jessica M. , Smith Gregory B. , Hofstetter Heike , Hofstetter Oliver 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChiral immunoaffinity microbore columns were directly interfaced with MS detection, and the effect of column length and temperature on the enantiomer separation of a number of underivatized aromatic and aliphatic amino acids was investigated utilizing an antibody chiral stationary phase that had been prepared by immobilizing a monoclonal anti‐D‐amino acid antibody onto silica. The stronger affinity of the antibody towards aromatic and bulky amino acids allowed separation of such analytes in a 0.75 × 150 mm column, while an increase in column length enabled separation of more weakly bound compounds. The strength of interaction between chiral selector and analytes could be modulated conveniently by lowering the temperature. For the first time, simultaneous enantiomer separation of mixtures of amino acids was achieved on antibody‐based chiral stationary phases using extracted ion chromatograms. Chirality 18:544–550, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Palladium Complexes with S‐ or Se‐Containing Schiff‐Base Ligands as Efficient Catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Bromides with Phenylboronic Acid under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Kostas Ioannis D. , Steele Barry R. , Terzis Aris , Amosova Svetlana V. , Martynov Alexander V. , Makhaeva Natalia A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFour palladium chelate complexes with S‐ or Se‐containing substituted salicylaldehyde Schiff‐base derivatives have been synthesized. Spectroscopic and crystallographic data indicate that, in the complexes, the deprotonated salicylaldehyde ligand is bound to the metal in an O,N,S (or Se)‐terdentate coordination mode, forming one six‐ and one five‐membered chelate ring. The complexes are thermally and air stable and efficiently catalyze the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of aryl bromides with phenylboronic acid in air.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Photochemistry of cis‐3‐Diazo‐5,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐oxathian‐2‐one S‐Oxide in Argon Matrices
Authors: O’Sullivan Orlagh C. M. , Collins Stuart G. , Maguire Anita R. , Böhm Matthias , Sander Wolfram 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe photochemistry of the α‐diazo sulfoxide 7 has been investigated in solid argon at 10 K by IR spectroscopy. The sulfinyl carbene was not detected directly but instead underwent photochemically induced hetero‐Wolff rearrangement to the sulfine 8 which could be detected and characterized following irradiation at 248 nm. Further photochemical reaction of this intermediate led to the oxathiirane 9 which was most readily detected on irradiation of 7 at 308 nm. The matrix‐isolated species were identified by comparison of experimental and calculated IR spectra. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Indium Triflate Catalyzed Rearrangement of Aryl‐Substituted Cyclopropyl Carbinols to 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,3‐Butadienes
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Banerjee Subhash 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAryl‐substituted cyclopropyl carbinol derivatives undergo a facile stereoselective rearrangement catalyzed by In(OTf)3 in dichloromethane under sonication to produce the substituted conjugated all‐trans‐butadienes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)