bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropospheric temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere 1977–1986
Authors: Weber Gerd‐Rainer 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTropospheric temperatures for the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during the period 1977–1986 are analysed on the basis of 300/1000 mbar thickness data between latitudes 10 °N and 80 °N. The departures from the mean 1951–1960 are determined on a 10 ° by 10° grid. Averages and trends are calculated for latitude circles for the entire NH, separately for oceanic and continental areas, as well as for specific geographic regions. An attempt is made to find relationships between the anomaly patterns by means of teleconnections. It is found that in the 10–year period the tropical and subtropical troposphere was considerably warmer than during the reference period and that this positive anomaly was particularly prominent over the tropical and subtropical Pacific. The northern Pacific, the northern Atlantic, and the European‐Canadian sector of the Arctic showed coincident negative anomalies. The resulting increase in subtropical to mid‐latitude tropospheric temperature gradient over both oceans was calculated to be more than 1 K, indicating an intensified circulation during the period.Using teleconnections for various latitude and longitude sectors it can be shown that the NH anomaly pattern 1977–1986 is strongly influenced by variations in the thickness pattern over the subtropical Pacific along latitude circle 20°N.The strongest relations emerge between the subtropical Pacific and western North America, the East Atlantic, and central Asia, where over 60 per cent of the variances in thickness can be explained by thickness variations over the subtropical Pacific.
ATMOSPHERIC THERMAL CHANGES OVER THE INDIAN REGION PRIOR TO THE MONSOON ONSET AS OBSERVED BY SATELLITE SOUNDING DATA
Authors: Joshi P. C. , Simon B , Desai P. S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe differential heating of the continents and the adjoining oceans is the primary cause for the summer monsoon circulation over South Asia. Two important synoptic climatological features associated with this are: the thermal heat low centred over Pakistan and adjoining areas; and the upper tropospheric high over the Tibetan Plateau. These two aspects relating to the onset phase of the monsoon are examined utilizing: (i) the data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar‐orbiting satellite for the year 1982 and (ii) the FGGE level III‐b data for the year 1979.
Upper air trough axis orientation and the spatial distribution of rainfall over Israel
Authors: Zangvil Abraham , Druian Perla 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSince Israel is located far from large oceans, availability of moisture may be a limiting factor in producing rainfall by synoptic‐scale disturbances. Thus, moisture evaporating from the nearby Mediterranean Sea may become an important factor in producing precipitation in the region.A simple scheme has been designed to test the hypothesis that rainfall over Israel is largely affected by the trajectories of air prior to the rain event. The relationship between air trajectories before a rain event and the intensity and spatial distribution of rain over Israel has been examined. We discovered that a large percentage of rain events is associated with maritime air trajectories. Since the Israeli coastline bends sharply towards the west near latitude 31 °N this means that the orientation of synoptic disturbances responsible for precipitation to the north of 31°N and to the south of this latitude are markedly different: troughs in the lower troposphere that are oriented from north‐east to south‐west produce relatively more rain over the south of the country, while troughs that are tilted from north‐west to south‐east or from north to south produce relatively more rainfall over north and central Israel.
Androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptor contents and serum hormone profiles in patients with benign hypertrophy and carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Kumar Vijay L. , Wadhwa Surender N. , Kumar Vijay , Farooq Ahmad 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCytosolic and nuclear androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptor content was measured in the groups of 11 prostatic carcinoma (PCA) and 32 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) samples. All BPH cases were positive for the cytosolic progesterone (PRc) and estrogen receptor (ERc), whereas only 85% of cases (23/27) contained the androgen receptor (ARc). Only those five patients who received estrogen treatment in the PCA group had detectable ARc. PRc was present in all of the PCA cases, whereas ERc could be detected in only 82% (9/11) of cases. Cytosolic contents of all three steroid receptors, however, were higher in the PCA group. The level of nuclear steroid receptors, although present in fewer cases in both groups, was higher than the cytoplasmic receptors. The serum profile of estradiol, cortisol, and prolactin was normal in both groups, whereas LH, FSH, and progesterone levels were higher than in normal adults. Serum testosterone level was within normal range in the BPH group, but it was significantly below normal (P < 0.005) in PCA patients.
Malignant sertoli cell tumour of the testis in a child
Authors: Sharma S. , Seam R. K. , Kapoor H. L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractVery few cases of malignant Sertoli cell tumour of the testis are reported in the literature. The average age at discovery of this tumour is 39 years. Malignant Sertoli cell tumour of the testis in a child is presented, the fourth case reported in the literature. We present our case to increase awareness of this tumour in this age group, to point out the capability of Sertoli cell tumours to metastasize, and to document the remarkable initial response to combination chemotherapy, a hitherto unreported feature.
Ultra‐large effective‐area, higher‐order mode fibers: a new strategy for high‐power lasers
Authors: Ramachandran S. , Fini J.M. , Mermelstein M. , Nicholson J.W. , Ghalmi S. , Yan M.F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the physics and properties of a novel optical fiber that would be attractive for building high‐power fiber lasers and amplifiers. Instead of propagating light in the fundamental, Gaussian‐shaped mode, we describe a fiber in which the signal is forced to travel in a single, desired higher order mode (HOM). This provides for several advantages over the conventional approach, ranging from significantly higher ability to scale mode areas (and hence laser powers) to managing dispersion for ultra‐short pulses – a capability that is practically nonexistent in conventional fibers. Particularly interesting is the fact that this approach challenges conventional wisdom, and demonstrates that for applications requiring meter‐length fibers (as in high‐power lasers), signal stability actually increases with mode order. Using this approach, we demonstrate mode areas exceeding 3200 μm2, and propagate signals with negligible mode distortions over up to 50‐meter lengths. We describe several pulse propagation experiments in which we test the nonlinear response of this fiber platform, ranging from managing dispersive effects in femtosecond pulse systems, to reducing Brillouin scattering impairments in systems operating with the nanosecond pulses.
THz and sub‐THz quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Scalari G. , Walther C. , Fischer M. , Terazzi R. , Beere H. , Ritchie D. , Faist J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper we review recent progress in obtaining laser action from semiconductor quantum cascade structures covering the low THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum, from 2 THz (λ ≃ 155 μm) down to the sub‐THz region (λ > 300 μm). Particularly, laser active region designs based on bound‐to‐continuum transition and magnetically assisted intra‐well transition are presented. The wide scalability of active region designs is discussed and illustrated with experimental data. Latest results including the demonstration of laser action from quantum heterostructure at 950 GHz are presented.
Structural Requirements for the Intercalation of Polyether Polyols into Sodium‐Montmorillonite: The Role of Oxyethylene Sequences
Authors: Lu Yong , Kong Shiao‐Tong , Deiseroth Hans‐Jörg , Mormann Werner 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe structural requirements for the preparation of polyether polyol/Na+‐montmorillonite nanocomposites, which are used in polyurethane/NaMMT nanocomposites, were evaluated using X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and shear viscosity behavior. Nanocomposites based on homopolyetherols: poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), block‐type copolyetherols and a SAN‐grafted polymer polyol were prepared. Intercalation was observed only with oxyethylene (EO) units containing polyetherols. The amount of the intercalated polyetherol ranged from 15 to 30 wt.‐%. EO‐sequences of 5 to 6 units proved to be sufficient for intercalation, which suggests a crown‐ether type complexation of interlayer cations.magnified image
Stochastic Simulation of Imperfect Mixing in Free Radical Polymerization
Authors: Hernandez Hugo F. , Tauer Klaus 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA modified algorithm for the stochastic simulation of chemical reactions subject to mass transfer limitation (imperfect mixing) is presented. This algorithm takes into account the mixing by diffusion of the reacting species between two consecutive reactions. The method is used to simulate the effect of mass transfer limitation in free‐radical polymerization. Since this is a stiff reaction network, a hybrid stochastic‐deterministic approach is considered. The hybrid stochastic algorithm under imperfect mixing (HSSA‐IM) is applied to the bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate up to high conversions. The accuracy of the algorithm relies on the precise determination of diffusion coefficients during the reaction.
Differential c‐jun expression in response to tumor promoters in JB6 cells sensitive or resistant to neoplastic transformation
Authors: Ben‐Ari Elia T. , Bernstein Lori R. , Colburn Nancy H. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe activity of AP‐1, a trans‐acting transcription factor, is stimulated by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in promotion‐sensitive (P+) but not in promotion‐resistant (P+) JB6 mouse epidermal cell lines. TPA and EGF also promote neoplastic transformation only in P+ cells. Thus, it has been proposed that AP‐1—dependent gene expression is involved in determining sensitivity to tumor promotion. This paper explores the possible basis for the differential inducibility of AP‐1 activity in P+ and P+ JB6 cells, focusing in particular on the regulation of expression of the components of the AP‐1 complex at the mRNA level. The expression of jun and fos gene family members, which make up the AP‐1 complex, can be stimulated by serum and a number of growth factors, including EGF, and by TPA. Therefore, the possibility that differential expression of one or more forms of jun or fos contributes to the differential AP‐1 activity was considered. The data presented here demonstrate both similarities and differences in the basal and TPA‐ or EGF‐induced levels of fos and jun family members between P+ and P+ cells. The most striking observation was that the overall TPA‐ and EGF‐induced levels of jun but not fos expression were higher in P+ cells. This suggests that tumor promoter‐regulated c‐jun expression may contribute to the differential AP‐1 activation observed in these cells and may be important in determining sensitivity to promotion of neoplastic transformation.
Interaction of SEWA sarcoma cell proteins with the intracisternal A‐type particle long terminal repeat dna sequence
Authors: Ronai Zeev , Robinson Richard , Lee Grace , Okin Ester , Minarovits Janos , Wirchubsky Zvi , Klein George , Weinstein I. Bernard 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIntracisternal A‐type particle (IAP) transcripts are endogenous retrovirus‐like sequences expressed during specific stages of normal development and in a variety of murine tumors. In this study, we have analyzed two cell lines derived originally from the SEWA murine osteosarcoma and grown either as ascites or as solid tumors, for proteins that might regulate IAP expression. We found that subline AA7‐NA, originally derived from the ascites tumor, expressed about five times more IAP RNA than the AS12‐AD subline, which was derived from a solid tumor. In view of this finding, we examined the binding of cellular proteins from the two cell lines to the 5′ end of an IAP long terminal repeat sequence. Gel retardation assays of DNA‐protein complexes and DNase I footprinting assays identified several DNA sequences within the long terminal repeat fragment that were protected by protein extracts from both SEWA sublines. Gel retardation assays using specific synthetic oligonucleotide sequences that correspond to two of these protected regions revealed different patterns of DNA‐protein complexes with extracts from the two SEWA sublines. These data suggest that expression of IAP sequences is regulated by complex mechanisms involving several proteins that appear to differ between the two sublines.
Huntington's disease‐like 2 in Brazil—Report of 4 patients
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme G. Riccioppo , Walker Ruth H. , Brice Alexis , Cazeneuve Cécile , Russaouen Odile , Teive Helio A.G. , Munhoz Renato Puppi , Becker Nilson , Raskin Salmo , Werneck Lineu Cesar , Junior Wilson Marques , Tumas Vitor 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHuntington's disease‐like 2 (HDL2) is a neurodegenerative disorder found in people of African ancestry with clinical, radiological, and neuropathological manifestations similar to Huntington's disease (HD). HDL2 is caused by a pathological expansion of CAG/CTG triplets in exon 2A of the JPH3 gene. We describe four cases of HDL2 from four unrelated families, and discuss their clinical findings. HDL2 should be considered in every patient with an HD‐like phenotype who tests negative for the HD mutation, even if African ancestry is not immediately apparent. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Nordic walking improves mobility in Parkinson's disease
Authors: van Eijkeren Frank J.M. , Reijmers Ruud S.J. , Kleinveld Mirjam J. , Minten Angret , Bruggen Jan Pieter ter , Bloem Bastiaan R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNordic walking may improve mobility in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects persist after the training period. We included 19 PD patients [14 men; mean age 67.0 years (range 58–76); Hoehn and Yahr stage range 1–3] who received a 6‐week Nordic walking exercise program. Outcome was assessed prior to training (T1), immediately after the training period (T2) and—in a subgroup of 9 patients—5 months after training (T3). At T2, we observed a significant improvement in timed 10‐m walking, the timed get‐up‐and‐go‐test (TUG), the 6‐min walking test and quality of life (PDQ‐39). All treatment effects persisted at T3. Compliance was excellent, and there were no adverse effects. These preliminary findings suggest that Nordic walking could provide a safe, effective, and enjoyable way to reduce physical inactivity in PD and to improve the quality of life. A large randomized clinical trial now appears justified. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Raman amplification impact in packet base networks
Authors: André Paulo , Neto Berta , Teixeira Antonio , Wada Naoya 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe effect of Raman amplification on packet based networks is analyzed. The impact of this technique is compared with the one based on EDFA amplification in terms of packet quality degradation in a point to point link. Low impact on the Q factor (less than 0.05 dB) of the packet occupancy density was observed for the Raman amplification scheme. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3083–3085, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23864
A high gain probe‐feed microstrip antenna for wideband applications
Authors: Ghassemi N. , Neshati M. H. , Rashed‐Mohassel J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis letter presents a new high‐gain microstrip structure with three rectangular patches on bottom layer and one patch on the top layer. A parametric study is presented on the effect of the parasitic patch and using an air gap between the feed patch and the ground plane. The measurement results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 62% centered at 14.5 GHz, and the measured gain of the antenna is more than 8 dB over most of the bandwidth. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3027–3029, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23866
Novel MMIC protection technique in plasma etching process for mechanically movable RF mems antenna
Authors: Kim Jung‐Mu , Lee Sanghyo , Kim Yongsung , Kim Jong‐Man , Cheon Changyul , Kwon Youngwoo , Kim Yong‐Kweon 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this article, we proposed the novel monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) protection technique in plasma etching process for MMIC mounted mechanically movable RF MEMS antenna. We could eliminate the distortion of radiation pattern caused by RF feed line on antenna frame and torsional hinge as using MMIC direct mounting on antenna plate instead of using external RF power source. Silicon‐based mechanically movable RF MEMS antenna was released using DRIE process, which was performed on the backside of silicon substrate after MMIC mounting on RF MEMS antenna plate. An aluminum layer on the front side of RF MEMS antenna plays a role of etch stop layer for DRIE process. We measured the radiation pattern as rotating the moving plate along the vertical‐ and horizontal‐direction hinge mechanically. We could obtain the radiation pattern without gain reduction and distortion of radiation pattern. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3089–3093, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23870
Small antennas application in portable phones
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Yi , Sun Jwo‐Shiun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe compact antennas are introduced, which are working in universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) of 1920–2170 MHz and digital video broadcast‐handheld (DVB‐H+) of 1452–1492 MHz for portable phones applications. The resonant frequency of UMTS is presented by using a planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) element. The other resonant frequency of DVB‐H+ is presented by using meander‐line configurations. The ratio of impedance bandwidth of the PIFA antenna to the center frequency 1500 MHz is 29% (DVB‐H+). The ratio of impedance bandwidth of the meander radiator to the center frequency 2100 MHz is 20% (UMTS). The size of the two antennas is shortened to 65% compared to general internal radiators. The total volume of the two radiators is 40 (L) × 5 (W) × 0.2 (H) mm3 (PIFA) and 20 (L) × 5 (W) × 0.2 (H) mm3 (meander radiator), respectively. The experimental results are compared to the numerical simulation, high‐frequency structure simulator, for agreement. The good performances of the antennas like wide bandwidth and omnidirectional far‐field patterns can be obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3020–3023, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23872
Investigation on wideband digital feedback predistortion technique for mobile WiMAX multicarrier applications
Authors: Kim Jangheon , Moon Junghwan , Kim Jungjoon , Kim Ildu , Kim Bumman 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe have developed a new wideband digital feedback predistortion technique for wideband signals by combining digital feedback predistortion linearization and memory‐effect compensation techniques, and investigated linearization performance for 802.16e mobile WiMAX 2FA signal. For this purpose, a 2.655‐GHz class‐AB amplifier with 170‐W peak envelope power is fabricated. The proposed technique is compared with the digital feedback predistortion. We have experimentally demonstrated that the new wideband digital feedback predistortion technique is suitable to linearize amplifiers for mobile WiMAX multicarrier application. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3048–3052, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23877
Compact coplanar slot antenna fed by asymmetric coplanar strip for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operations
Authors: Song Yue , Jiao Yong Chang , Wang Xiao Ming , Weng Zi Bin , Zhang Fu Shun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA novel compact multiband printed slot antenna fed by a asymmetric coplanar strip for multiband applications is presented. The prototype printed on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 with an overall dimension of only 31 × 15 mm2 is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications in the 2.4–2.48 GHz, 5.15–5.35 GHz, and 5.725–5.825 GHz frequency range. The coplanar design, simple feeding technique, and compactness make it easy for the integration of the antenna into circuit boards. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3080–3083, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23882
Topology optimization of coupling between slab and photonic crystal waveguide
Authors: Hirayama Koichi , Tabata Yoshihiro , Tsuji Yasuhide , Hayashi Yukinari 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe employ topology optimization with the finite‐element method to improve the coupling between a slab waveguide and a photonic crystal waveguide. Here, we apply topology optimization in a small design region to realize the improvement of the coupling. Also, we simplify an optimized structure of the coupling region for easier fabrication and try to find core features of the optimized structure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3009–3012, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23886
A 60 GHz mixer using 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology
Authors: Lee Sang‐Heung , Lee Ja‐Yol , Kim Haecheon 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this article, a 60 GHz band down‐conversion mixer for 60 GHz wireless personal‐area network is designed and fabricated on a chip using 0.25 μm SiGe:C BiCMOS process technology. To design this 60 GHz band mixer, architecture of double‐balanced mixer is used, including input and output balun circuits, which are composed of active elements. The results of the fabricated mixer measured between RF 57 and 63 GHz show conversion gain of 12.0–10.7 dB, LO to RF isolation and LO to IF isolation of more than 28 dB, and input P1dB of −17 to −18 dBm. The chip size of the manufactured mixer is 1.3 mm × 0.8 mm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3007–3009, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23887
Notched CPW‐fed pentagonal monopole antenna for dual wideband operation
Authors: Liu Wen‐Chung , Wu Chao‐Ming , Chung Shih‐Hsiung , Jaw Jieh‐La 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed pentagonal monopole antenna with embedded notches for both the pentagonal radiating patch and the ground planes to obtain good dual and wide impedance matching performance is proposed. The effects of embedded notches are analyzed and the prototype of optimized design has been constructed and measured. The proposed design, with size of 28.5 × 28.5 mm2, leads to good dual wideband operation with −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 380 MHz and 4.58 GHz centered at 2.21 and 5.78 GHz, respectively. A stable radiation pattern of monopole‐like type and average gains of greater than 2.1 and 4.2 dBi, respectively, over the two operating bands have also been obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3104–3108, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23889