bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hapten‐specific responses to the phenyltrimethylamino hapten. II. Regulation of delayed‐type hypersensitivity by genetically restricted, anti‐idiotypic suppressor T cells induced by the monovalent antigen L‐tyrosine‐p‐azo‐phenyltrimethylammonium
Authors: Jayaraman Sundararajan , Bellone Clifford J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInoculation of A/J mice with the synthetic monovalent antigen, L‐tyrosine‐p azophenyltrimethylammonium [tyr(TMA)] results in the formation of idiotype‐specific suppressor T cells (Ts) which exclusively shut down clones of B cells that bear a dominant cross‐reactive idiotype (CRI) associated with anti‐TMA antibodies (J. Exp. Med. 1980.251: 528). It was of interest to find out whether this same population would also suppress T cell‐mediated immunity specific for the TMA ligand. Accordingly, the tyr(TMA)‐induced Ts population was tested for its ability to modulate delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions specific for TMA.A/J mice were primed with tyr(TMA) in adjuvant and 6‐7 weeks later spleen cells were tested for suppressor activity. Transfer of the tyr(TMA) immune population 24 h prior to priming, or at any other time point before challenge, resulted in a significant suppression of the response. This suppression, both induction phase as well as effector phase, is mediated by T cells since treatment of the splenic population with anti‐Thy‐1 plus complement before transfer eliminates the suppressor activity. The suppressor activity is antigen‐specific, since 5 x 107 spleen cells which markedly suppress TMA DTH have no effect on contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene. Binding experiments in petri dishes coated with CRI‐bearing anti‐TMA antibodies indicate that the majority of the Ts cells have specificity for the CRI and not for the antigen (TMA). Studies using serological reagents specific for different cell surface antigens indicate that the idiotype‐specific Ts bear the I‐J subregion‐encoded surface antigen(s) as well as the Lyt‐2+ phenotype. Transfer experiments utilizing appropriate strains of mice demonstrated that the Ts were both H‐2‐ and Igh‐V‐restricted. Finally, a cell‐free preparation obtained by sonicating the tyr(TMA)‐primed population inhibited the TMA DTH reaction in the A/J (H‐2a, Igh‐1e) but not in the idiotype‐positive A.SW (H‐2s, Igh‐1e), allotype‐congenic strain C57.Ige nor in the idiotype‐negative C57BL/6J partner. The role of the tyr(TMA)‐primed, idiotype‐specific Ts population in regulating TMA‐related responses via the idiotypic network is discussed.
The nylon wool adherence marker of the B cell lineage appears at the resting pre‐B cell stage
Authors: Deslauriers‐Boisvert Noélla , Mercier Ginette , Lafleur Louis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe proliferative state of functionally defined populations of size‐separated pre‐B cells was investigated. The results presented here support the hypothesis that pre‐B cells are in the G2 phase when stable membrane IgM is first expressed. Small resting precursor cells significantly adhere to nylon wool columns, unlike larger cycling cells which can be enriched in the nonadherent fraction. These results suggest that the nylon wool “receptor” is a useful early B cell marker.Since the in vitro recruitment of both cycling and resting precursors was shown to be essentially dependent on agar mitogen(s), cumulative data suggest that the receptors for agar mitogen(s) appear shortly before surface IgM on proliferating pre‐B cells. Nylon wool adherence potential develops next on their resting progeny, followed by full lipopolysaccharide reactivity as cells further mature.
Behavior of soluble human 125I‐labeled C3b, the third component of complement, after binding to human cells
Authors: Charriaut Christiane , Barel Monique , Frade Raymond 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe behavior of 125I‐labeled C3b incubated with two C3b receptor‐positive cells (human erythrocytes and the B lymphoblastoid Raji line), one C3b receptor‐negative cell (T lymphoblastoid CEM line) and solubilized membranes from each cell was analyzed by sucrose density gradient (SDG) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Whichever whole cell was tested, the unbound 125I‐labeled C3b recovered in the cell supernatant was not cleaved. When 125I‐labeled C3b was bound to whole cells or incubated with solubilized membranes, three different activities were detected: (a) nonspecific C3b polymerization, induced on the membrane of C3b receptor‐positive or C3b receptor‐negative cells; (b) specific C3b receptor activity solubilized only from the membrane of the two C3b receptor‐positive cells and (c) C3b hydrolytic activity, inhibited by 5 x 10−4 M phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride, only extracted from human erythrocyte membranes and carried by a molecule different from that of C3b receptor.C3b receptor activity solubilized from Raji and human erythrocyte membranes was detected by a 12 S peak complex formation on a 10‐30 % SDG and characterized by an affinity constant of 2 x 107 to 4 x 107 mol−1.Hydrolysis of labeled C3b (Mr = 175 000) by solubilized human erythrocyte membranes led to the formation of a split product of Mr = 35 000 consisting of two disulfide‐linked polypeptide chains of Mr = 17 000. This is the first report of a breakdown of C3b on cell membranes different from the physiological breakdown described in the fluid phase.
Different expression of Lyt differentiation antigens and cell surface glycoproteins by a murine T lymphoma line and its highly metastatic variant
Authors: Altevogt Peter , Kurnick James T. , Kimura Arthur K. , Bosslet Klaus , Schirrmacher Volker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCloned lines of the methylcholanthrene‐induced DBA/2 T lymphoma Eb and its highly metastatic variant line ESb were analyzed for differences in the expression of serologically detectable cell surface differentiation markers. Flow cytofluorographic analysis of cells stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated monoclonal rat anti‐mouse Thy‐1, Lyt‐1, Lyt‐2 and compelement‐dependent cytotoxicity with mouse alloantisera against Lyt‐3.2 and Ly‐6.2 revealed, for the parental low metastasizing line, Eb, a phenotype of Thy‐l+, Lyt‐1−, Lyt‐2+, Lyt‐3+, Ly‐6+, whereas the highly metastasizing variant line typed as Thy‐1−, Lyt‐1+, Lyt‐2−, Lyt‐3−, Ly‐6−. Analysis of galactose oxidase/NaB3H4‐labeled glycoproteins from Eb and ESb clones by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate showed further phenotypic differences. Selective binding of radiolabeled glycoproteins to Helix pomatia or Vicia villosa‐Sepharose, respectively, allowed the identification of T130 to be expressed on Hb cells and T145 to be expressed on some ESb clones. The latter antigen is expressed on murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immune precipitation analysis revealed that Eb and ESb bear different molecular forms of the T200 antigen. Comparisons of iodinated surface proteins derived from tumor cells either treated or untreated with tunicamycin indicated that many of the differences in membrane proteins between Eb and ESb cells could be attributed to differences in glycosylation. Our results, derived from a defined tumor system of lymphoid origin, show that the progression from a low to a high malignant tumor line can be associated with changes in the expression of various defined cell surface differentiation antigens. The question of a possible relationship between tumor progression and cell differentiation or dedifferentiation is discussed.
Macrophage activation by interferon: dissociation between tumoricidal capacity and suppressive activity
Authors: Boraschi Diana , Soldateschi Dario , Tagliabue Aldo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResident peritoneal macrophages (Mϕ) from untreated mice and inflammatory Mϕ induced by a sterile irritant were able to exert significant suppressive activity on lymphocyte functions. Mϕ‐mediated suppression was evident in lymphocyte proliferation and in a proliferation‐independent lymphocyte response (i.e. lymphokine production). The lymphokine macrophage‐activating factor (MAF), which enhances tumoricidal capacity of inflammatory but not of resident Mϕ in vitro, was ineffective in modulating suppressive activity of both resident and inflammatory Mϕ. In contrast, a significant effect on Mϕ‐mediated suppression was observed upon treatment with IFN‐β. In fact, suppression of lymphoproliferation and of lymphokine production by either resident or inflammatory Mϕ was significantly decreased or abolished by IFN‐β. Like MAF, IFN‐β was able to increase Mϕ cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Such an effect, however, was evident in both resident and inflammatory Mϕ, thus confirming different Mϕ activation mechanisms for MAF and IFN‐β.These data indicate that IFN‐β acts mainly on mature Mϕ, which thus appear as the major Mϕ type involved in suppression. The contrasting effects of IFN‐β on Mϕ suppression and on Mϕ‐mediated cytotoxicity strongly suggest a dissociation between the 2 induction mechanisms of suppression and cytotoxicity.The in vivo relevance of these two IFN activities was demonstrated by treating mice with the potent IFN inducer polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly(I) poly(C)). Mϕ from poly(I) poly(C)‐primed mice simultaneously showed enhanced tumoricidal activity and complete abolishment of suppressive capacity.
Independent segregation of NZB immune abnormalities in NZB X C58 recombinant inbred mice
Authors: Bocchieri Maureen H. , Cooke Anne , Smith J. Bruce , Weigert Martin , Riblet Roy J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study of NZB X C58 recombinant inbred mouse strains has revealed independent segregation of naturally occurring thymocytotoxic antibody and Coombs' anti‐erythrocyte autoantibody. The lack of concordance of either of these autoantibodies with known heavy and light chain markers suggests that the autoantibodies are produced as a result of regulatory gene defects rather than alterations of antibody structural genes. Further, lack of concordance of the various autoimmune traits with eachother or with H‐2 or virus expression suggests that the autoimmune phenotype is not the result of a single “autoimmunity” gene but rather the outcome of faulty regulation of a number of independently segregating genes.
Thy‐1 determinants are present on many murine hematopoietic Cells other than T Cells
Authors: Basch Ross S. , Berman Joan W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of a highly amplified immunofluorescence assay and the availability of monoclonal anti‐Thy‐1 antibodies have provided the methodology to reexamine the presence of Thy‐1 antigen on murine lymphohematopoietic cells. The representation of this antigen is not, as previously believed, restricted to the T cell compartment of these cells. It is present on a significant number of mouse bone marrow cells (25–30%), including, as in the rat, multipotential stem cells, prothymocytes and some B cell precursors. Eosinophils and some immature myeloid cells are also antigen‐positive.
Description of a Qa‐2 like alloantigen (Qa‐m2)
Authors: Hogarth P. Mark , Crewther Pauline E. , McKenzie Ian F. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral new aspects of the chemistry, genetics and cellular distribution of the murine Qa‐2 alloantigen were apparent in an analysis of this antigen using monoclonal antibodies recognizing a Qa‐2‐like antigen called Qa‐m2. Immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis identified the Qa‐m2 alloantigen as a two‐chain structure composed of a 39 000 dalton heavy chain and a 12000 light chain which is probably β2‐microglobulin; the heavy chain was readily distinguished from that of H‐2. In addition, the expression of Qa‐m2 alloantigens on the cell surface was found to be controlled by the H‐2D gene with H‐2Db strains carrying approximately 8‐10 times greater amounts of Qa‐m2 than strains carrying the H‐2Dd or H‐2Dq alleles. Finally, the Qa‐m2 antigen, found predominantly on peripheral T cells, was present on only 10% of thymus cells. However, subpopulations of B cells (approximately 25% of all B cells) and bone marrow cells (15‐20%) were also reactive. The monoclonal anti‐Qa‐m2 antibodies differed in their reactions from that reported for the conventional anti‐Qa‐2 sera, which must, therefore, be complex. The monoclonal antibodies may be useful reagents for functional analysis of T and B cell subpopulations.
Immunogenic variants obtained by mutagenesis of mouse mastocytoma P815. III. Clonal analysis of the syngeneic cytolytic T lymphocyte response
Authors: Maryanski Janet L. , Van Snick Jacques , Cerottini Jean‐Charles , Boon Thierry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response of syngeneic mice to antigenic variants obtained by mutagenesis of mastocytoma P815 was analyzed at the clonal level. Estimates of the frequency of CTL precursor cells in spleens from mice immunized with P 815 variants ranged from lo4 to 2 X 10−3. This frequency could be increased approximately 100 times by stimulating immune spleen cells in mass culture for 6‐8 days with the immunizing variant. Specificity analysis of a large number of individual CTL clones demonstrated the existence of two distinct populations of CTL. Some CTL clones lysed exclusively the immunizing variant, while others lysed equally well all P815 targets, but not syngeneic tumor L1210. These results provide direct evidence for the existence of new, individual specificities on P815 variants in addition to a common antigen already present on the original P815 cells. This confirms that a variety of new antigens can be induced by mutagenesis on the same background cell. Stable, highly active CTL clones specific for either individual variant antigens or common P815 antigens could be maintained in long‐term culture.
Limiting dilution analysis of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes that react to human amnion cells and protect these against viral challenge
Authors: Rönnblom Lars , Alm Gunnar V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) cocultured with WISH human amnion cells rapidly produced α‐type interferon (IFN‐α) and in an IFN‐dependent manner protected the WISH cells against the cytopathic effects caused by vesicular stomatitis virus. When the number of PBL per WISH cell monolayer culture was diluted out using multiple WISH microtiter plate cultures for each PBL dilution, the protection of the WISH cultures appeared as an all‐or‐none phenomenon. Thus, at one small mean number of PBL per culture, some cultures were protected against the virus, while others were not. Limiting dilution analysis, with plot of the logarithm of the fraction of nonprotected WISH cell cultures at each PBL dilution against the mean number of PBL per culture, yielded straight lines with an intercept on the ordinate close to 1. This indicated a single‐hit event due to the function of a single type of limiting “protecting unit”. The frequency of this limiting unit in the PBL population could reproducibly be determined for an individual blood donor. For a limited number of different blood donors it ranged from 1/400 to 1/3000. These minimal frequency estimates were considerably increased (40‐300%) after 3 h preincubation of PBL with IFN‐α.Two major alternatives were considered with regard to the nature of the limiting protecting units. They were either IFN‐producing cells operating alone, or they were inducer‐type cells that possibly used IFN as a mediator to activate protecting cells present in excess in the coculture system. The second possibility was favored, and the relation of the protecting cell type to the natural killer cell system is discussed herein.
Analysis of DR‐like molecules on a marmoset Epstein‐Barr virus‐induced cell line using a monomorphic anti‐human HLA‐DR monoclonal antibody
Authors: Teillaud Jean‐Luc , Charron Dominique , Goujet‐Zalc Cécile , Mahouy Guy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse anti‐HLA D region‐related (DR) monoclonal antibodies have been found to cross‐react with peripheral blood leukocytes from one primate species, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Immunoprecipitates of radioactively labeled cells extracted from a marmoset Epstein‐Barr virus‐induced cell line were analyzed by one‐and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with the DR antigens of a human lymphoblastoid B cell line. Two chains of estimated molecular weights of 34000 (α) and 28000 (β), similar to the human α and β chains, have been observed in marmoset immunoprecipitates. Additionally, a set of spots located in the same area as the set of invariant spots found in human HLA‐DR antigens is shown by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Thus, cross‐reacting anti‐human HLA‐DR monoclonal antibodies could be used to analyze the expression and the structure of marmoset DR‐like antigens.
Functional and phenotypic properties of subpopulations of murine thymocytes.I. The bulk of peanut agglutinin‐positive Lyt‐1,2,3 thymocytes lacks precursors of cytotoxic T lymphocytes responsive to interleukin 2 (T cell growth factor)
Authors: Kisielow Pawel , Von Bochmer Harald , Haas Werner 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThymocytes were separated according to their surface phenotype and tested for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursor function by stimulation with allogeneic or hapten‐coupled cells, with or without addition of T cell growth factor (interleukin 2). The data show that only a minor subpopulation of thymocytes agglutinated by peanut agglutinin, expressing relatively high amounts of H‐2K antigen, contained CTL precursors. The remaining population, approximately 80%, could not be induced to generate CTL, even in the presence of interleukin 2.
Human T cell lines with antigen specificity and helper activity
Authors: Lanzavecchia Antonio , Ferrarini Manlio , Celada Franco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman T blasts, obtained by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) with tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid or Candida albicans, were expanded in long‐term culture using alternate periods of antigen restimulation and growth in media containing interleukin 2. The cells gave a proliferative response only to the antigen originally used for stimulation. Such a response was strictly dependent upon the presence of autologous but not of allogeneic mitomycin C‐treated mononuclear cells. When added to autologous PBM depleted of E‐rosetting cells together with the specific antigen, the T blasts induced a polyclonal proliferation and differentiation of B cells. Allogeneic B cells were activated by antigen‐stimulated T blasts only in the presence of irradiated mononuclear cells autologous to the responding T blasts.The above responses seemed not to be regulated solely by the release of soluble factors; apparently cell to cell interactions had to take place to obtain an efficient B cell activation.
Experimental autoimmune uveitis in the athymic nude rat
Authors: Salinas‐Carmona Mario Cesar , Nussenblatt Robert B. , Gery Igal 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA single injection of the retinal soluble antigen (S‐Ag, 30 pg) to the Lewis or the heterozygous (rnu/+) rats induces a severe bilateral uveitis, characterized initially by infiltration of the retina with inflammatory cells. The athymic nude rat (homozygous rnu/rnu), which lacks the thymus gland and T cell‐mediated functions, does not develop ocular inflammatory disease, clinically or histologically, after repeated challenges with S‐Ag. Circulating anti‐S‐Ag antibodies were found in S‐Ag‐immunized Lewis rats and in the heterozygous, but not the athymic nude rats. Good proliferative responses to concanavalin A, S‐Ag and purified protein derivitive of tuberculin (PPD) were found in lymphocyte cultures prepared from the draining lymph nodes of immunized heterozygous rats, but not when lymphocytes from the athymic nude rats were used. Uveitis could be induced in the athymic nude rat when lymphocytes from S‐Ag‐immunized heterozygous rats were transferred to them. By stimulating the donor lymphocytes in vitro with S‐Ag before transfer, the number of recipients that developed uveitis was increased. On the other hand, it was impossible to transfer disease with hyperimmune serum alone. The possible role of T lymphocytes in the induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis with S‐Ag is discussed.
Messenger RNA from allotype‐defined rabbits directing the cell‐free synthesis of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains
Authors: Pavirani Andrea , Mage Rose , Fitzmaurice Leona 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vitro synthesis studies were performed utilizing poly A(+)‐RNA and lymphocytes from the spleens of rabbits hyperimmunized with Micrococcus luteus or Streptococcus pneumoniae (type III). Poly A(+)‐RNA isolated after 4 M guanidinium thiocyanate extraction and oligo(dT)‐selection appeared to be undegraded on CH3HgOH‐agarose gel electrophoresis and demonstrated biological activity when translated in a rabbit reticulocyte cell‐free system. The electrophoretic patterns of the specifically immunoprecipitated cell‐free products were compared with those of Nonidet‐P40 extracts (lysates) and secretions (supernatants) from rabbit spleen lymphocyte cultures and serum proteins. Kappa light chains with specific b allotypes, as well as immunoglobulin heavy chains, were identified. The efficient translation of mRNA of defined allotypes was a necessary prerequisite for production of characterized cDNA clones and identification of genomic sequences for rabbit immunoglobulin heavy and light chains.
IgM‐ and IgD‐bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes differentiate to IgM but not IgG or IgA immunoglobulin‐secreting cells
Authors: Saiki Osamu , Ralph Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cells were depleted of surface IgM+ or IgD+ cells and assayed for mitogen‐induced differentiation to immunoglobulin‐secreting cells (ISC) of IgM, IgG and IgA classes. Stimulatory agents included T cell‐dependent poke weed mitogen, B cell mitogen Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strain Cowan I, and a combination of the two which gives uniform, high levels of ISC from all normal donors. Depletion of either IgM‐ or IgD‐bearing B lymphocytes resulted in loss of cells bearing the other Ig class and blocked most of the mitogenic reactivity to anti‐IgM and anti‐IgD. Proliferative responses to Cowan I in these depleted populations were about 20% that of unfractionated mononuclear cells. Depletion of T cells increased the mitogenic response to Cowan I and to the two antibody preparations, showing that they are T‐independent mitogens. Depletion of IgD+ cells caused partial loss of mitogen‐induced IgM ISC (22%‐60% of unseparated controls) but no loss of IgG or IgA ISC. Depletion of IgM‐bearing cells caused complete loss of IgM ISC, but no loss of IgG or IgA ISC. We previously demonstrated that anti‐IgM antibody blocked mitogen induction of Ig secretion of these three classes in spleen cells, but only IgM secretion in blood mononuclear cells. Together, the results suggest that the majority of cells in normal blood responding to mitogens to mature to IgG or IgA production belong to IgM−, IgD− B cell subsets, in contrast to precursors of secreting cells for these isotypes in the spleen. Thus, these blood precursors appear to be more mature than the corresponding spleen cells.