bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus equi meningoencephalomyelitis in a foal
Authors: Finno Carrie , Pusterla Nicola , Aleman Monica , Mohr F. Charles , Price Teena , George Jeanne , Holmberg Tara 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 4-month-old American Paint Horse colt was evaluated because of acute onset of ataxia, left-sided head tilt, and fever and a recently noticed heart murmur. Upper respiratory tract infection caused by Streptococcus equi subsp equi had been diagnosed at 3 months of age.
Clinical Findings—Hematologic abnormalities included leukocytosis, mature neutrophilia, monocytosis, and mild anemia. Analysis of a CSF sample revealed high total protein concentration and total nucleated cell count; nucleated cells consisted mainly of degenerate neutrophils. Results of a real-time PCR assay were positive for S equi subsp equi, and a diagnosis of S equi subsp equi meningoencephalomyelitis was made.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment included administration of potassium penicillin and fluids, but the foal developed uroperitoneum and was subsequently euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed meningoencephalomyelitis, and S equi subsp equi was cultured from a brain aspirate. Additional findings included suppurative cystitis with rupture and neutrophilic myocarditis.
Clinical Relevance—Findings suggest that S equi subsp equi meningoencephalomyelitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for foals with neurologic signs that have a history of strangles or exposure to affected horses.
Use of transfixation pin casts to treat adult horses with comminuted phalangeal fractures: 20 cases (1993–2003)
Authors: Joyce JoLynn , Baxter Gary M. , Sarrafian Tiffany L. , Stashak Ted S. , Trotter Gayle , Frisbie Dave 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the clinical applications, short and long-term survival, and complications of using transfixation pin casts for treatment of comminuted phalangeal fractures in adult horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—20 horses.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed to obtain information regarding signalment, fracture location, treatment methods, complications, and short-term survival (discharge from hospital). Long-term follow-up information was obtained via contact with owners or trainers.
Results—12 fractures were in a hind limb, and 8 were in a forelimb. Fourteen fractures occurred in a middle phalanx, and 6 occurred in a proximal phalanx. Eleven fractures were treated with internal fixation combined with transfixation pin casts, and 9 fractures were treated with transfixation pin casts alone. Transfixation pin casts were maintained for a mean of 52 days (median, 49 days; range, 1 to 131 days). Fourteen (70%) horses were discharged from the hospital, whereas 6 (30%) were euthanized during the treatment period. Reasons for euthanasia included secondary fracture of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone, avascularity of the distal aspect of the limb associated with an open fracture, and displacement of the fracture after transfixation pin cast removal. A significantly greater number of horses was discharged from the hospital when the transfixation pin cast was maintained for > 40 days, compared with those in which the transfixation pin cast was maintained for < 40 days.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that horses should be maintained in a transfixation pin cast for a minimum of 40 days, as this was associated with an increase in short-term survival without an increased risk of catastrophic failure.
Interviewer feedback in repeated interviews involving forced confabulation
Authors: Hanba Jessica M. , Zaragoza Maria S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe effects of confirmatory interviewer feedback on eyewitness testimony following forcibly confabulated and accurate responses to repeated interview questions were investigated in two experiments. The first experiment showed that, relative to neutral feedback, confirmatory feedback provided after a forcibly confabulated response greatly increased the likelihood that participants would provide the same confabulated response when re‐interviewed 2 days later, led participants to report these repeated confabulations with greater speed and fewer expressions of doubt, and increased the prevalence of false memories. Confirmatory interviewer feedback provided following accurate responses appeared to have more modest consequences for consistency and confidence, but ceiling effects provided little opportunity for observing potential effects. A second experiment showed that these effects of confirmatory feedback are of considerable practical significance, in that, regardless of their accuracy, responses that had earlier been reinforced with confirmatory feedback were much more likely to be judged by others as credible. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's prepared and unprepared lies: can adults see through their strategies?
Authors: Strömwall Leif A. , Granhag Pär Anders , Landström Sara 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe investigated adults' ability to detect children's prepared and unprepared lies and truths. Furthermore, we examined children's strategies when lying. Thirty children (11–13 years) were interviewed about one self‐experienced and one invented event each. Half had prepared their statements, the other half not. Sixty adult observers assessed the veracity of 10 videotaped statements each. Overall deception detection accuracy (51.5%) was not better than chance. The adults showed higher accuracy for unprepared statements (56.6%), than prepared statements (46.1%). The adults reported to have used more verbal than nonverbal cues to deception, especially the Detail criterion. The most frequent verbal strategy reported by the children was to use real‐life components (e.g. own or others' experiences); the most frequent nonverbal strategy was to stay calm. Arguably, the low accuracy is due to adults' failure to see through the lying children's strategies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of the movement of beads by the DEM with respect to the wet grinding process
Authors: Gudin Dariusz , Turczyn Roman , Mio Hiroshi , Kano Junya , Saito Fumio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis work has shown a method for simulating the motion of beads in a bead mill based on the discrete element method (DEM) under wet grinding of a gibbsite powder, in correlation with the experimental work. The beads' motion was simulated under a wet condition and compared with the real motion observed and recorded by a video camera. At the base of the simulation the specific impact energy of beads was calculated. In the experiment, the gibbsite powder, suspended in water at 5.0 wt %, was subjected to grinding by the bead mill at different operating conditions. Particle‐size distribution of the product was measured and the grinding rate constant of the sample was determined as a change in the mean particle size of the ground product with time. Then, the specific impact energy was correlated with the grinding rate constant determined experimentally. It was found that good correlation between the two was achieved and by the proposed method the particle size reduction of the sample can be predicted. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Mass transfer across the turbulent gas–water interface
Authors: Xu Z. F. , Khoo B. C. , Carpenter K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMass transfer across the gas–water interface is important in many fields, but the present understanding of the scalar transport as mediated by the complex near‐surface turbulence is still far from complete. In this work, an innovative particle image velocimetry (PIV)–based measurement method was used to investigate the near surface turbulence. Turbulence measurement with respect to the fluctuating interface was performed and the gradient of the vertical fluctuating velocity (Hanratty's β) deemed as a critical controlling parameter was quantified. Several distinctly different but typical flow conditions were investigated and the associated mass‐transfer velocity was measured. Based on these experimental works, an empirical relation, very similar to that proposed earlier by Law and Khoo, relating the mass transport across the turbulent interface to the turbulence parameter β, was determined in the midst of vastly different flow conditions where turbulence is induced simultaneously from above and beneath the gas–water interface. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Estimation of kinetic and mass‐transfer parameters for cellulose nitration
Authors: Barbosa I. V. M. , Merquior D. M. , Peixoto F. C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWhen nitrocellulose is used in the production of gun powders and rocket/missile propellants, rigid control of the cellulose nitration reaction is necessary. Nitrogen content is, by far, the most important parameter to be controlled and only off‐line measurements can be performed for that. Although cellulose is a natural polymer whose characteristics may vary, the final product must have its nonuniformities compensated by blending of different batches. In this work, kinetic and mass‐transfer parameters are nonlinearly fitted using typical nitration experiments. The required mathematical modeling is carried out using a continuous mixtures approach, which depends only on structural descriptions of the cellulose. The model leads to an algebraic‐integro‐differential population balance system of equations, solved with an approximant built with block‐pulse functions. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Fault detection and diagnosis based on modified independent component analysis
Authors: Lee Jong‐Min , Qin S. Joe , Lee In‐Beum 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA novel multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) method based on modified independent component analysis (ICA) is proposed. ICA is a multivariate statistical tool to extract statistically independent components from observed data, which has drawn considerable attention in research fields such as neural networks, signal processing, and blind source separation. In this article, some drawbacks of the original ICA algorithm are analyzed and a modified ICA algorithm is developed for the purpose of MSPM. The basic idea of the approach is to use the modified ICA to extract some dominant independent components from normal operating process data and to combine them with statistical process monitoring techniques. Variable contribution plots to the monitoring statistics (T2 and SPE) are also developed for fault diagnosis. The proposed monitoring method is applied to fault detection and diagnosis in a wastewater treatment process, the Tennessee Eastman process, and a semiconductor etch process and is compared with conventional PCA monitoring methods. The monitoring results clearly illustrate the superiority of the proposed method. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Copolymerization of n‐butylacrylate with styrene by a novel photoinitiator, 1‐(bromoacetyl)pyrene
Authors: Mishra Anuradha , Daswal Swati 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA comparative study on photoinitiated solution copolymerization of n‐butylacrylate (BA) with styrene (Sty) using pyrene (Py), 1‐acetylpyrene (AP), and 1‐(bromoacetyl)pyrene (BP) as initiators showed that the introduction of a chromophoric moiety, bromoacetyl (COCH2Br), significantly increased the photoinitiating ability of pyrene. The kinetics and mechanism of copolymerization of BA with Sty using BP as photoinitiator have been studied in detail. The system follows nonideal kinetics (Rp ∝ [BP]0.34 [BA]1.07 [Sty]0.97). The nonideality was attributed to both primary radical termination and degradative initiator transfer. The monomer reactivity ratios of Sty and BA have been estimated by the Finemann–Ross and Kelen–Tudos methods, by analyzing copolymer compositions determined by 1H NMR spectra. The values of r1 (Sty) and r2 (BA) were found to be 0.78 and 0.25, respectively, which suggested the high concentration of alternating sequences in the random copolymers obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3233–3239, 2006
Synthesis of Some Oxime Ether Derivatives of 1‐(2‐Naphthyl)‐2‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)ethanone and Their Anticonvulsant and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Karakurt Arzu , Aytemir Mutlu D. , Stables James P. , Özalp Meral , Betül Kaynak F. , Özbey Süheyla , Dalkara Sevim 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this study, oxime and oxime ether derivatives of [1‐(2‐naphthyl)‐2‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)ethanone] were prepared as potential anticonvulsant and antimicrobial compounds. The oxime was synthesized by the reaction of ketone and hydroxylamine hydrochloride. O‐Alkylation of the oxime by various alkyl halides gave the oxime ether derivatives. Anticonvulsant activity of the compounds was determined by maximal electroshock and subcutaneous metrazole tests in mice and rats according to procedures of the Anticonvulsant Screening Program of National Institutes of Health. Neurotoxicity was determined by the rotorod test in mice and the positional sense test, gait and stance test in rats. In addition to anticonvulsant tests, all compounds were also evaluated against the following microorganisms: S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei using microdilution broth method for possible antibacterial and antifungal activities. Although most of the O‐alkyl substituted oxime ethers 2‐6 exhibited both anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities, the O‐arylalkyl substituted compounds 7–10 were found to be inactive in both screening paradigms.
Toward an understanding of Web‐based subscription database acceptance
Authors: Kim Jong‐Ae 
Published: August 2006

AbstractUnderutilization of Web‐based subscription databases and the importance of promoting them have been recognized in previous research. To determine the factors affecting user acceptance of Web‐based subscription databases, this study tests an integrated model of the antecedents and consequences of user beliefs about intended use by extending the technology acceptance model. The research employs a cross‐sectional field study using a Web survey method targeting undergraduate students who have experience with Web‐based subscription databases. Overall, the research model performs well in explaining user acceptance of Web‐based subscription databases. The effects of the cognitive instrumental determinants of usefulness perceptions are examined. Terminology clarity and accessibility were found to be important determinants for ease of use of the databases. The results indicate that user training has no impact on either perceptions of usefulness or ease of use, and that there is a need to reexamine the effectiveness of user training in the context of Web‐based subscription databases. The results suggest that user acceptance of the databases depends largely on the utility they offer. The findings also suggest that although a subjective norm does not directly affect intended use, it exerts a positive influence on user beliefs about the utility of the databases.
Energetic aspects of locked nucleic acids quadruplex association and dissociation
Authors: Petraccone Luigi , Erra Eva , Randazzo Antonio , Giancola Concetta 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe design of modified nucleic acid aptamers is improved by considering thermodynamics and kinetics of their association/dissociation processes. Locked Nucleic Acids (LNA) is a promising class of nucleic acid analogs. In this work the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a LNA quadruplex formed by the TGGGT sequence, containing only conformationally restricted LNA residues, are reported and compared to those of 2′‐OMe‐RNA (O‐RNA) and DNA quadruplexes. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the sugar‐modified quadruplexes (LNA and O‐RNA) are stabilized by entropic effects. The kinetic analysis shows that LNA and O‐RNA quadruplexes are characterized by a slower dissociation and a faster association with respect to DNA quadruplex. Interestingly, the LNA quadruplex formation process shows a second‐order kinetics with respect to single strand concentration and has a negative activation energy. To explain these data, a mechanism for tetramer formation with two intermediate states was proposed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 584–594, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Landmarks for the identification of the cutaneous nerves of the occiput and nuchal regions
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Salter E. George , Wellons John C. , Blount Jeffrey P. , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAlthough surgical procedures are often performed over the posterior head and neck, surgical landmarks for avoiding the cutaneous nerves in this region are surprisingly lacking in the literature. Twelve adult cadaveric specimens underwent dissection of the cutaneous nerves overlying the posterior head and neck, and mensuration was made between these structures and easily identifiable surrounding bony landmarks. All specimens were found to have a third occipital nerve (TON), lesser occipital nerve (LON), and greater occipital nerve (GON), and we found that the TON was, on average, 3 mm lateral to the external occipital protuberance (EOP). Small branches were found to cross the midline and communicate with the contralateral TON inferior to the EOP in the majority of sides. The mean diameter of the main TON trunk was 1.3 mm. This trunk became subcutaneous at a mean of 6 cm inferior to the EOP. The GON was found to lie at a mean distance of 4 cm lateral to the EOP. On all but three sides, a small medial branch was found that ran medially from the GON to the TON ∼1 cm superior to a horizontal line drawn through the EOP. The GON was found to pierce the semispinalis capitis muscle on average 2 cm superior to the intermastoid line. The mean diameter of the GON was 3.5 mm. The GON was found to branch into medial and lateral branches on average 0.5 cm superior to the EOP. The LON was found to branch into a medial and lateral component at approximately the midpoint between a horizontal line drawn through the EOP and the intermastoid line. The main LON trunk was found on average 7 cm lateral to the EOP. In specimens with a mastoid branch of the great auricular nerve (GAN), this branch was found at a mean of 9 cm lateral to the EOP. The main trunk of this branch of the GAN was found to lie on average 1 cm superior to the mastoid tip. Easily identifiable bony landmarks for identification of the cutaneous nerves over the posterior head and neck can aid the surgeon in more precisely identifying these structures and avoiding complications. Although the occipital nerves were found to freely communicate with one another, avoiding the main nerve trunks could lessen postoperative or postprocedural morbidity. Moreover, clinicians who need to localize the occipital nerves for the treatment of occipital neuralgia could do so more reliably with better external landmarks. Clin. Anat. 20:235–238, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep fascia on the dorsum of the ankle and foot: Extensor retinacula revisited
Authors: Abu‐Hijleh Marwan F. , Harris Philip F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis study revisits the anatomy of the deep fascia over the distal leg, ankle, and dorsum of the foot. The arrangement of the deep fascia in these regions was recorded in 14 lower limbs of adult cadavers using photographs and drawings. The fascial layer from all three sites was subsequently removed in toto, and serial thickness measurements were made along its entire length. In addition, fiber disposition was studied under polarized light, and sections were stained to demonstrate collagen. The arrangement of deep fascia is complex. A common and novel finding at all levels is a crisscross, lattice‐like arrangement of fibers. There was little evidence of the clearly defined sturdy band of the superior extensor retinaculum (SER) or of the Y‐shaped inferior retinaculum (IER) commonly illustrated in topographical anatomy texts. The SER is a complex area with several thickenings commencing about 3 cm proximal to the tip of the lateral malleolus and gradually increasing to reach a maximum of 270 μm about 5 cm above the malleolus, then gradually returning to original thickness, about 9 cm above the malleolus. Fibers crossing diagonally to each other are a feature of the region. The IER characteristically has two forms: either a cross‐shaped band (9 specimens) or a thickened “node” with small extensions radiating toward the malleoli (5 specimens), located about 1–2 cm distal to the lateral malleolus and centred over the common tendon of extensor digitorum where it has maximum thickness (430 μm). The deep fascia is thickened and firmly attached over both malleoli and to the tarsals and metatarsals along both borders of the foot. In general, the deep fascial structures were thicker in males than those in females. Clin. Anat. 20:186–195, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tuberculosis of the spine presenting with a cold abscess through the lumbar triangle of Petit
Authors: Millar Tim M.S. , McGrath Patrick , McConnachie Charles C.P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe increasing incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has resulted in an increase in the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infections worldwide. Musculoskeletal tuberculosis often involves the spine. Due to HIV, patients may present atypically and, as a result, a high clinical suspicion is necessary to avoid the catastrophic consequences of untreated Pott's disease of the spine. A cold abscess as a result of tuberculosis can emerge in a number of anatomical regions, and perhaps most notably as a psoas abscess. We report a less common anatomical location of a cold abscess, presenting as a mass in the inferior lumbar region through the lumbar triangle of Jean‐Louis Petit. We consider the route that the pus had followed and highlight the need for vigilance when dealing with an abscess in this region, particularly in communities with a high incidence of HIV infection. Clin. Anat. 20:329–331, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The keloid phenomenon: Progress toward a solution
Authors: Louw Louise 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFor centuries, keloids have been an enigma and despite considerable research to unravel this phenomenon no universally accepted treatment protocol currently exists. Historically, the etiology of keloids has been hypothesized by multiple different theories; however, a more contemporary view postulates a multifactoral basis for this disorder involving nutritional, biochemical, immunological, and genetic factors that play a role in this abnormal wound healing. Critical to the process of preventing or managing keloids is the need to locally control fibroblasts and their activities at the wound site. In recent years, considerable evidence has accumulated demonstrating the importance of fatty acids and bioactive lipids in health and disease, especially those involving inflammatory disorders or immune dysfunction. If hypertrophic scarring and keloid formation can be argued to have significant inflammatory histories, then it is possible to postulate a role for lipids in their etiology and potentially in their treatment. This report briefly visits past views and theories on keloid formation and treatment, and offers a theoretical rationale for considering adjuvant fatty acid therapy for keloid management. Sufficient scientific evidence in support of fatty acid strategies for the prevention and treatment of keloids currently exists, which offer opportunities to bridge the gap between the laboratory and the clinic. The intent of this paper is to serve as a basic guideline for researchers, nutritionists, and clinicians interested in keloids and to propose new directions for keloid management. Clin. Anat. 20:3–14, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.