bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of allelic variations in transporters to the phenotype of drug response
Authors: Kirchheiner Julia , Gründemann Dirk , Schömig Edgar 
Published: June 2006

Pharmacogenomics seeks to explain the variability in drug response. Neurotransmitter transporters from the SLCA6 family are direct or indirect targets for psychotropic drugs, and their genetic variations may directly influence response to antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs. Furthermore, drug transporters located in natural barriers, such as the blood brain barrier, may influence response to psychoactive substrates. In the 5′-upstream regulatory region of the neuronal serotonin transporter lays a 44-base pair insertion/deletion polymorphism resulting in a long and a short variant. Several studies have reported a better response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in individuals carrying two long alleles, however, some studies report contradictory results. Moreover, several genetic variants are known in the human norepinephrine transporter gene, and though one study reports differences in antidepressant response due to the NET G1287A polymorphism, results should be replicated by others before conclusions can be drawn. Dopamine transporters play an important role in psychotropic drug response, and a variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in the 3′-untranslated region of the dopamine transporter gene has been studied in regards to possible correlation with antipsychotic drug response but without showing an association. P-glycoprotein has been shown to influence drug concentrations in CNS but so far, the studies on genetic polymorphisms did not show effects on the phenotype of response. Thus, several studies have looked at the influence of genetic polymorphisms on psychotropic drug response gaining different results. Best evidence exists for the serotonin transporter polymorphism influencing the response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors but the effects are relatively small. So far, transporter genotypes are not yet eligible for individual prediction of drug response.
The neuronal noradrenaline transporter, anxiety and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Esler Murray , Alvarenga Marlies , Pier Ciaran , Richards Jeff , El-Osta Assam , Barton David , Haikerwal Deepak , Kaye David , Schlaich Markus , Guo Ling , Jennings Garry , Socratous Flora , Lambert Gavin 
Published: June 2006

Panic disorder can serve as a clinical model for testing whether mental stress can cause heart disease. Potential neural mechanisms of cardiac risk are the sympathetic activation during panic attacks, continuing release of adrenaline as a co-transmitter in the cardiac sympathetic nerves, and impairment of noradrenaline neuronal reuptake, augmenting sympathetic neural respnses. The phenotype of impaired neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline: an epigenetic mechanism? We suspect that this phenotype, in sensitizing people to heart symptom development, is a cause of panic disorder, and by magnifying the sympathetic neural signal in the heart, underlies increased cardiac risk. No loss of function mutations of the coding region of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) are evident, but we do detect hypermethylation of CpG islands in the NET gene promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation methodology demonstrates binding of the inhibitory transcription factor, MeCP2, to promoter region DNA in panic disorder patients. Cardiovascular illnesses co-morbid with panic disorder. Panic disorder commonly coexists with essential hypertension and the postural tachycardia syndrome. In both of these cardiovascular disorders the impaired neuronal noradrenaline reuptake phenotype is also present and, as with panic disorder, is associated with NET gene promoter region DNA hypermethylation. An epigenetic ‘co-morbidity’ perhaps underlies the clinical concordance. Brain neurotransmitters. Using internal jugular venous sampling, in the absence of a panic attack we find normal norepinephrine turnover, but based on measurements of the overflow of the serotonin metabolite, 5HIAA, a marked increase (six to sevenfold) in brain serotonin turnover in patients with panic disorder. This appears to represent the underlying neurotransmitter substrate for the disorder. Whether this brain serotonergic activation is a prime mover, or consequential on other primary causes of panic disorder, including cardiac sensitization by faulty neuronal noradrenaline reuptake leading to cardiac symptoms and the enhanced vigilance which accompanies them, is unclear at present.
From genomics to drug targets
Authors: Dahl Svein G. , Sylte Ingebrigt 
Published: June 2006

The era of molecular biology and cloning brought new knowledge about the structure and function of drug receptors, and demonstrated that the term ‘receptor’ must be distinguished from other molecular drug targets such as enzymes, transporters and ion channels. Analysis of the targets of all current therapeutic drugs has shown that more than 95% of these are proteins. The DNA sequencing of the entire human genome has led to identification of many previously unknown proteins that may represent potential drug targets. In order to understand fully the functional mechanisms of a protein, it is crucial to know its three-dimensional molecular structure. This may be determined experimentally by x-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or electron microscopy, and computationally by structural bioinformatics and molecular modelling. The molecular targets of nearly all current psychotropic drugs are membrane proteins. These have proven extremely difficult to purify and crystallize due to their amphipathic surface, with a hydrophobic area in contact with membrane phospholipids and polar surface areas in contact with the aqueous phases on both sides of the membrane. We have used molecular modelling methods, based on crystal structures of related proteins, to model various neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. The receptor and transporter models have been used to study their structural properties, functional mechanisms and the molecular mechanisms of action of psychotropic drugs. Our results demonstrate the large structural flexibility of transporter and receptor proteins, with substantial movements and conformational changes taking place during substrate translocation in transporters, and by agonist induced receptor stimulation.
Arylcyanation of Norbornene and Norbornadiene Catalyzed by Nickel
Authors: Nakao Yoshiaki , Yada Akira , Satoh Jun , Ebata Shiro , Oda Shinichi , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Aryl cyanides add to norbornene and norbornadiene under nickel catalysis to give (2R*,3S*)-3-aryl-2-cyanobicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and (2R*,3S*)-3-aryl-2-cyanobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes in good yields with a general substrate scope. On the other hand, the reaction of an aryl cyanide with triethoxy(vinyl)silane gives a Heck-type arylation product, suggesting the arylnickelation pathway in the catalytic cycle.
Enantioselective Assembly Structures of Copper(II) Complexes with the 1:1 Condensation Products of Dl-Phenylalanine and Either 2- or 5-Methyl-4-formylimidazole
Authors: Iihoshi Tomotaka , Imatomi Shinya , Hamamatsu Takefumi , Kitashima Ryoko , Matsumoto Naohide 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Copper(II) complexes with the 1:1 condensation products of Dl-phenylalanine and either 2- or 5-methyl-4-formylimidazole, [CuCl(HL2-Me)] (1) and [CuCl(HL5-Me)]·MeOH (2), were prepared, and their assembly structures were determined. Both complexes assumed two-dimensional (2D) assembly structures due to a helical chain structure constructed by the intermolecular imidazole–carboxylate hydrogen bond and interchain Cu*–Cl coordination bond. 2 crystallized in acentrosymmetric space group C2221 showing a spontaneous resolution, while 1 crystallized in centrosymmetric space group P21/a.
Supramolecular Chirality and Isomerism in Cinchonidine Crystals: Hierarchical Analysis on the Basis of the Asymmetric 21 Helical Columnar Assembly
Authors: Watabe Tsuyoshi , Yoshikawa Daisuke , Hisaki Ichiro , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
We obtained the first cinchonidine inclusion crystal with benzene as a neutral guest. Comparison of the inclusion and guest-free crystal structures by the qualitative hierarchical analysis clarified their supramolecular isomerism of asymmetric 21 helical columnar assembly with supramolecular chirality.
Regulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in Germany
Authors: Dederer Hans-Georg 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hES-cells) have two distinctive properties: they are able to replicate in an artificial medium more or less indefinitely, and they are capable of differentiating into each of the cell types which make up the human body. They do not have, however, the ability to develop into a complete and functioning human organism. hEScells are, therefore, not considered human embryos.
Bericht über die AG Orthographietheorie und Rechtschreibunterricht der DGfS-Jahrestagung 2004
Authors: Haße Regina 
Published: June 2006

Abstract„Linguistik in der Schule“ – so hieß in diesem Jahr das Rahmenthema, unter dem die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft vom 25. bis 27. Februar an die Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz einlud. Neben Plenarvorträgen von Peter Eisenberg und Utz Maas und einer Podiumsdiskussion, moderiert von Annette Leßmöllmann, zu verschiedenen Aspekten des Themas, kamen bei dieser 26. Jahrestagung Interessierte – nicht nur aus Hochschule, sondern auch aus Schule – in 13 Arbeitsgruppen zusammen. So untersuchte die Sektion
Wissenschaftliche Hausarbeiten und das Problem der Netzplagiate
Authors: Beißwenger Michael 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDie Geschichte plagiierter oder kompilierter Hausarbeiten beginnt sicherlich nicht erst mit dem World Wide Web. Auch früher wurde bisweilen aus Büchern, Fachbeiträgen oder den Arbeiten von KommilitonInnen abgeschrieben in der Hoffnung, dem Seminarleiter sei die verwendete (und bibliographisch unterschlagene) Quelle nicht bekannt. Nachdem immer mehr wissenschaftliche Artikel und Seminararbeiten auch im Netz zur Verfügung stehen, aus welchem sich per WWW-Browser bequem Texte und Textteile herauskopieren, in ein Textverarbeitungsprogramm übernehmen und dort ggf. verändern, umformatieren und neu zusammenfügen lassen, hat die Zahl der Plagiate allem Anschein nach jedoch deutlich zugenommen. Zumindest werden immer häufiger Plagiatsversuche als solche enttarnt, da nicht wenige Lehrende mittlerweile für das Thema „Hausarbeitenbörsen“ sensibilisiert sind und für den Versuch des Nachweises von Plagiaten prinzipiell auf dieselben Ressourcensammlungen oder Hilfsmittel (z.B. Suchmaschinen) zugreifen können, derer sich auch die Verfasser „verdächtiger“ Arbeiten bedient haben. Wo einerseits durch das Internet das Plagiieren enorm vereinfacht wird, ist somit andererseits auch die Chance einer Entlarvung deutlich höher als bei traditionellen Plagiaten.
Wörterbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (= WSK)
Authors: Schierholz Stefan J , Wiegand Herbert Ernst 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDie WSK-Reihe enthält thematisch gegliederte Fachwörterbücher, die zum Wörterbuchtyp „fachliches Lern- und Konsultationswörterbuch“ gehören, und ab 2008 fortlaufend erscheinen sollen.
Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950
Authors: Knobloch Clemens 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHerausgegeben und eingeleitet von Christoph König. Drei Bände, Berlin, New York: de Gruyter 2003. LXXXV plus 2200 Sp., mit einer CD-ROM. 498,- Euro, ab 1.2.2004 578,- Euro. [ISBN 3-11-017588-6]Lexika und Nachschlagwerke vorzustellen, ist eine undankbare Aufgabe. Jeder Praktiker weiß, dass sie nach Auswahl der Einträge und Aufbau der Artikel auf weitgehend „mechanisierbaren” Kriterien beruhen müssen. Dem Einzelfall - sei das nun ein Lexem wie im Sprachwörterbuch oder eine „germanistische” Person wie im vorliegenden Falle - wird die Anwendung mechanisierbarer Kriterien nur ausnahmsweise gerecht. Der Rezensent hat also, salopp gesagt, immer viel zu meckern und wird doch, wenn er das Geschäft kennt, immer auch zu Nachsicht neigen. Zudem begleitet ihn immer das Gefühl, die wenigen Punkte, die er für seine Kommentare auswählt, seien mehr oder minder zufällig. Zu groß sind auf einem thematischen Flickenteppich, wie ihn die Germanistik nun einmal darstellt, die weißen Flecken, von denen der Rezensent nun wirklich gar nichts versteht. Der folgende Text sucht seinen
Population Models of Genomic Imprinting. II. Maternal and Fertility Selection
Authors: Spencer Hamish G , Dorn Timothy , LoFaro Thomas 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Under several hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of imprinting, genes with maternal and reproductive effects are more likely to be imprinted. We thus investigate the effect of genomic imprinting in single-locus diallelic models of maternal and fertility selection. First, the model proposed by Gavrilets for maternal selection is expanded to include the effects of genomic imprinting. This augmented model exhibits novel behavior for a single-locus model: long-period cycling between a pair of Hopf bifurcations, as well as two-cycling between conjoined pitchfork bifurcations. We also examine several special cases: complete inactivation of one allele and when the maternal and viability selection parameters are independent. Second, we extend the standard model of fertility selection to include the effects of imprinting. Imprinting destroys the “sex-symmetry” property of the standard model, dramatically increasing the number of degrees of freedom of the selection parameter set. Cycling in all these models is rare in parameter space.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Locomotor Behavior inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Jordan Katherine W , Morgan Theodore J , Mackay Trudy F C 
Published: June 2006

AbstractLocomotion is an integral component of most animal behaviors and many human diseases and disorders are associated with locomotor deficits, but little is known about the genetic basis of natural variation in locomotor behavior. Locomotion is a complex trait, with variation attributable to the joint segregation of multiple interacting quantitative trait loci (QTL), with effects that are sensitive to the environment. We assessed variation in a component of locomotor behavior (locomotor reactivity) in a population of 98 recombinant inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster and mapped four QTL affecting locomotor reactivity by linkage to polymorphic roo transposable element insertion sites. We used complementation tests of deficiencies to fine map these QTL to 12 chromosomal regions and complementation tests of mutations to identify 13 positional candidate genes affecting locomotor reactivity, including Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc), which catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of serotonin and dopamine. Linkage disequilibrium mapping in a population of 164 second chromosome substitution lines derived from a single natural population showed that polymorphisms at Ddc were associated with naturally occurring genetic variation in locomotor behavior. These data implicate variation in the synthesis of bioamines as a factor contributing to natural variation in locomotor reactivity.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a peroxygen disinfectant-filled footmat for reduction of bacterial load on footwear in a large animal hospital setting
Authors: Dunowska Magdalena , Morley Paul S. , Patterson Gage , Hyatt Doreene R. , Van Metre David C. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare the efficacy of a peroxygenbased disinfectant used in footbaths with the efficacy of the same disinfectant used in footmats for reducing bacterial contamination of footwear in a large animal hospital.
Design—Prospective study.
Sample Population—Bacteria recovered from the soles of rubber boots after experimental microbial contamination and exposure to disinfectant solutions or water (water-treated control boots) or no treatment (untreated control boots).
Procedures—Investigators contaminated boots by walking through soiled animal bedding. Swab samples were collected from the sole of 1 untreated boot (right or left); the other boot was treated as investigators stepped through a disinfectant-filled footbath, a disinfectant-filled footmat, or water-filled footmat. Samples were collected 10 minutes after each treatment. Differences in numbers of bacteria recovered from treated and untreated boots were analyzed.
Results—Mean bacterial counts from peroxygentreated boots were 1.3 to 1.4 log10 lower (95.4% to 99.8%) than the counts from untreated boots. Results were similar for footmat- and footbath-treated boots. In contrast, there were no statistically detectable differences in mean bacterial counts in samples collected from water-treated or untreated boots.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that footmats and footbaths containing peroxygenbased disinfectant are effective in reducing bacterial contamination on the soles of boots when used in conditions representative of large animal hospitals. Similar results were achieved with use of either footmats or footbaths. The use of footbaths and footmats containing effective disinfectants may help decrease the risk for spread of nosocomial infection but should not be expected to sterilize footwear.
Protein profiling of sickle cell versus control RBC core membrane skeletons by ICAT technology and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Chou Jose , Choudhary Pankaj , Goodman Steven 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA proteomic approach using a cleavable ICAT reagent and nano-LC ESI tandem mass spectrometry was used to perform protein profiling of core RBC membrane skeleton proteins between sickle cell patients (SS) and controls (AA), and determine the efficacy of this technology. The data was validated through Peptide/Protein Prophet and protein ratios were calculated through ASAPratio. Through an ANOVA test, it was determined that there is no significant difference in the mean ratios from control populations (AA1/AA2) and sickle cell versus control populations (AA/SS). The mean ratios were not significantly different from 1.0 in either comparison for the core skeleton proteins (α spectrin, β spectrin, band 4.1 and actin). On the natural-log scale, the variation (standard deviation) of the method was determined to be 14.1% and the variation contributed by the samples was 13.8% which together give a total variation of 19.7% in the ratios.
Heavy Metals in PM10 Sampled in the Urban Area of Campi Salentina (Apulia, Southern Italy)
Authors: Buccolieri Alessandro , Buccolieri Giovanni , Cardellicchio Nicola , Dell'Atti Angelo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe following paper shows results of PM10 level and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn concentrations present in this fraction for filters collected in the urban area of Campi Salentina (Apulia, Southern Italy) in 2004 in order to inquire into air quality.PM10 and lead concentrations did not exceed the standard values sanctioned by Italian Legislature with average values equal to 36.54 ± 14.57 μg·m‐3 and 9.19 ± 5.24 ng·m‐3 respectively.Significant correlations have been found between the pairs Fe‐Mn, Ni‐V, Cr‐Ni and Cd‐Cr. This suggests that these metals have a similar pollution source probably due to metallurgical activity.Multivariate statistical analysis showed that it is possible to distinguish the PM10 samples collected in sampling periods with different meteorological conditions. Indeed, metals concentration increases for samples characterized by scarce rains or by winds prevailing from North or North‐West and is reduced due to different meteorological conditions, although there are some exceptions.
Optimization of Microwave Digestion for Mercury Determination in Marine Biological Samples by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Cardellicchio Nicola , di Leo Antonella , Giandomenico Santina , Santoro Stefania 
Published: June 2006

AbstractOptimization of acid digestion method for mercury determination in marine biological samples (dolphin liver, fish and mussel tissues) using a closed vessel microwave sample preparation is presented. Five digestion procedures with different acid mixtures were investigated: the best results were obtained when the microwave‐assisted digestion was based on sample dissolution with HNO3‐H2SO4‐K2Cr2O7 mixture. A comparison between microwave digestion and conventional reflux digestion shows there are considerable losses of mercury in the open digestion system. The microwave digestion method has been tested satisfactorily using two certified reference materials. Analytical results show a good agreement with certified values. The microwave digestion proved to be a reliable and rapid method for decomposition of biological samples in mercury determination.
Measuring Bioavailable Trace Metals from Freshwater Sediments by Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) in Monitoring Procedures for Quality Assessment
Authors: Camusso Marina , Gasparella Alessandro 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn experimental design using passive samplers was set up in our laboratories with the aim of preparing a procedure for the assessment of trace metals bioavailability in freshwater sediments. Trace metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn) bioavailability in sediment samples were measured by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) devices and compared to those simultaneously extracted (SEM) in 1N HCl with acid‐volatile sulfide (AVS). During experiments DGT devices were exposed at various times (from 4 to 336h) in sediments with different physical and chemical properties and metal content, after equilibration with ambient water (1:2) for 24 h. Trace metal were progressively accumulated in DGT units and after at least 24‐48 h metal fluxes became constant. No relation was found between metal available fractions measured by DGTs and total concentrations in sediments or pore waters. On the contrary good relations were found between available metals measured by DGT and metals simultaneously extracted (SEM) in HCl 1N with acid volatile sulfide (AVS).
Investigation on a Roman Copper Alloy Artefact from Pompeii (Italy)
Authors: Baraldi Pietro , Baraldi Cecilia , Ferrari Giorgia , Foca Giorgia , Marchetti Andrea , Tassi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA selection of samples, obtained from a particular copper‐alloy domestic artefact of Roman style from Pompeii, has been analysed by using different techniques (IR, Raman, SEM‐EDX, FAAS), in order to investigate the chemical nature and composition of the metals utilised for such manufacturing pieces.The surface analysis of the bright red metallic microfragments conducted by different analytical techniques, emphasises the presence of pure unalloyed copper and confirms the absence of other metallic species on the upper layers. On the contrary, the mapping analysis of the section of the laminar metal of the investigated sample shows a consistent enrichment in tin content. Finally, destructive analysis by FAAS confirms that the artefact looks like a bronze metal alloy, with a medium Sn content of about 6.5%.
Electrocatalysis of Oxygen at Hemoglobin‐Au Colloid‐1,4‐Benzenedimethanethiol Modified Electrode
Authors: Wang Guang‐feng , Deng Xiang‐hui , Zhang Wen‐zhi , Fang Bin 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA novel renewable O2 sensor based on the direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb) is proposed. Hb was immobilized on a gold nanoparticles (GNP) associated with a 1,4‐benzenedimethanethiol (BDT) monolayer which were modified the electrode. The direct electrochemistry of Hb was investigated by electrochemical methods and cyclic voltammetric showing a pair of redox peaks of Hb. The high efficiency of the Hb/GNP/BDT modified gold electrode towards the catalytic electro‐reduction of oxygen has been observed and the potential application of Hb/GNP/BDT modified gold electrode as biosensors to monitor O2 is proposed. The electrocatalytic response showed a linear dependence on the O2 concentration ranging from 2.0 to 40.0 μmol/L.