bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partners in crime: phosphotransfer profiling identifies a multicomponent phosphorelay
Authors: Ryan Kathleen R. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe first multicomponent phosphorelay, regulating stalk biogenesis, has been identified in Caulobacter crescentus using a bioinformatic screen, targeted disruptions of each histidine kinase and response regulator, and a new technique called phosphotransfer profiling, in which a purified histidine kinase or histidine phosphotransferase is simultaneously assayed for the ability to phosphorylate each purified response regulator protein from one organism. This powerful combination of approaches will allow future researchers to map the interactions among all two‐component signal transduction proteins in genetically tractable bacteria with sequenced genomes.
Pulsating subsidence during a rift episode: stratigraphic and tectonic consequences (Aptian–Albian, northern Spain)
Authors: García‐Mondéjar Joaquín , López‐Horgue Mikel A. , Aranburu Arantxa , Fernández‐Mendiola Pedro A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackstripping analysis has been carried out on nine outcrop sections of the Basque‐Cantabrian Aptian and Albian of northern Spain which consist of shallow‐water marine deposits up to 7000 m thick. It reveals four main pulses of common accelerated subsidence: I (Early Aptian), II (Early Albian), III (lower Late Albian), and IV (uppermost Late Albian) separated by tectonic quiescent intervals. Tectonic subsidence rates of 70 m Myr–1 for the Aptian and 101 m Myr–1 for the Albian were recorded (Sopuerta section). The calculated stretching factor referred to a pre‐rift continental crust of 35 km is (βs=1.32) and represents approximately 8.5 km of crustal thinning. Points of change towards lesser subsidence rate in the curves are correlated with major unconformities in the sections, in the Basque‐Cantabrian Basin and in Boreal Europe, suggesting geodynamic changes related with the opening of Bay of Biscay. Minor variations of spreading direction and intensity are proposed to explain the subsidence pulses.
Multi‐genetic origin of the continental Moho: insights from Lithoprobe
Authors: Eaton David W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper reviews four hypotheses for the origin of the continental crust–mantle boundary and discusses seismic parameters with which these hypotheses might be tested. The relict Moho hypothesis posits that the oceanic Moho is preserved during continental assembly; the magmatic underplating hypothesis posits formation of a new Moho by episodic emplacement of sill‐like intrusive bodies; the metamorphic (or metasomatic) front hypothesis posits that the Moho is overprinted by a phase transformation; and the regional décollement hypothesis posits that the Moho behaves as a structural detachment. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and examples from the Canadian Lithoprobe program suggest that all four may be applicable in different regions of North America. Comparison of seismic images from a fossil subduction zone with modern subduction at Cascadia suggests that serpentinization of the forearc mantle, a previously unrecognized mechanism for overprinting and erasing the reflection Moho, may have occurred in the Proterozoic.
Analysis of ABA Hypersensitive Germination2 revealed the pivotal functions of PARN in stress response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Nishimura Noriyuki , Kitahata Nobutaka , Seki Motoaki , Narusaka Yoshihiro , Narusaka Mari , Kuromori Takashi , Asami Tadao , Shinozaki Kazuo , Hirayama Takashi 
Published: November 2005

SummaryAccumulating evidence suggests that mRNA degradation systems are crucial for various biological processes in eukaryotes. Here we provide evidence that an mRNA degradation system is associated with some plant hormones and stress responses in plants. We analysed a novel Arabidopsis abscisic acid (ABA)‐hypersensitive mutant, ahg2‐1, that showed ABA hypersensitivity not only in germination, but also at later developmental stages, and that displayed pleiotropic phenotypes. We found that ahg2‐1 accumulated more endogenous ABA in seeds and mannitol‐treated plants than did the wild type. Microarray experiments showed that the expressions of ABA‐, salicylic acid‐ and stress‐inducible genes were increased in normally grown ahg2‐1 plants, suggesting that the ahg2‐1 mutation somehow affects various stress responses as well as ABA responses. Map‐based cloning of AHG2 revealed that this gene encodes a poly(A)‐specific ribonuclease (AtPARN) that is presumed to function in mRNA degradation. Detailed analysis of the ahg2‐1 mutation suggests that the mutation reduces AtPARN production. Interestingly, expression of AtPARN was induced by treatment with ABA, high salinity and osmotic stress. These results suggest that both upregulation and downregulation of gene expression by the mRNA‐destabilizing activity of AtPARN are crucial for proper ABA, salicylic acid and stress responses.
Maize association population: a high‐resolution platform for quantitative trait locus dissection
Authors: Flint‐Garcia Sherry A. , Thuillet Anne‐Céline , Yu Jianming , Pressoir Gael , Romero Susan M. , Mitchell Sharon E. , Doebley John , Kresovich Stephen , Goodman Major M. , Buckler Edward S. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryCrop improvement and the dissection of complex genetic traits require germplasm diversity. Although this necessary phenotypic variability exists in diverse maize, most research is conducted using a small subset of inbred lines. An association population of 302 lines is now available – a valuable research tool that captures a large proportion of the alleles in cultivated maize. Provided that appropriate statistical models correcting for population structure are included, this tool can be used in association analyses to provide high‐resolution evaluation of multiple alleles. This study describes the population structure of the 302 lines, and investigates the relationship between population structure and various measures of phenotypic and breeding value. On average, our estimates of population structure account for 9.3% of phenotypic variation, roughly equivalent to a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), with a high of 35%. Inclusion of population structure in association models is critical to meaningful analyses. This new association population has the potential to identify QTL with small effects, which will aid in dissecting complex traits and in planning future projects to exploit the rich diversity present in maize.
PICKLE acts during germination to repress expression of embryonic traits
Authors: Li Hui‐Chun , Chuang King , Henderson James T. , Rider Stanley Dean , Bai Yinglin , Zhang Heng , Fountain Matthew , Gerber Jacob , Ogas Joe 
Published: November 2005

Summary PICKLE (PKL) codes for a CHD3 chromatin remodeling factor that plays multiple roles in Arabidopsis growth and development. Previous analysis of the expression of genes that exhibit PKL‐dependent regulation suggested that PKL acts during germination to repress expression of embryonic traits. In this study, we examined the expression of PKL protein to investigate when and where PKL acts to regulate development. A PKL:eGFP translational fusion is preferentially localized in the nucleus of cells, consistent with the proposed role for PKL as a chromatin remodeling factor. A steroid‐inducible version of PKL [a fusion of PKL to the glucocorticoid receptor (PKL:GR)] was used to examine when PKL acts to repress expression of embryonic traits. We found that activation of PKL:GR during germination was sufficient to repress expression of embryonic traits in the primary roots of pkl seedlings, whereas activation of PKL:GR after germination had little effect. In contrast, we observed that PKL is required continuously after germination to repress expression of PHERES1, a type I MADS box gene that is normally expressed during early embryogenesis in wild‐type plants. Thus, PKL acts at multiple points during development to regulate patterns of gene expression in Arabidopsis.
HIV‐1 NAT minipool during the pre‐seroconversion window period: detection of a repeat blood donor
Authors: Palla P. , Vatteroni M. L. , Vacri L. , Maggi F. , Baicchi U. 
Published: November 2005

Background  The introduction of nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) for screening pooled or individual donations remarkably improved the safety of blood products. The size of mini‐pooled NAT is considered critical for identification of HIV‐1 infected donors during preseroconversion phase of infection. We describe a case of HIV‐1 infection in a serologically negative repeat blood donor identified by 16 minipool (MP) NAT.Materials and Methods  The donation was tested by Roche Cobas AmpliScreen HIV‐1 Test with manual extraction (MultiPrep Specimen Processing Procedure). The sensitivity of different MP sizes was observed. Serial samples of infected donor were examined with different third and fourth generation HIV‐1 serological assays.Results  In the index donation viral load was 515 copies/ml corresponding to about 50 IU when diluted in 16 MP. Abbott third and fourth generation EIA tests detected the seroconversion four days later the index donation.Conclusion  The report emphasizes the relevance of a very small size of MP to really reduce the window serologic phase of current EIA test by HIV‐1 NAT test.
Comparison of flow cytometry vs. a haematology cell analyser‐based method to guide the optimal time‐point for peripheral blood stem cell apheresis
Authors: Gutensohn K. , Magens M. , Krüger W. , Kröger N. , Kühnl P. 
Published: November 2005

Background and Objectives For timing the onset of apheresis, parameters obtained by flow cytometry and by a haematological cell analyser were compared.Materials and Methods Haematopoietic cell counts (n = 159) were performed by two different methods; CD34 analyses by flow cytometry, immature myeloid information (IMI) and human progenitor cell counts (HPC) by a haematological cell analyser.Results Comparing the IMI total results with CD34+ analyses (n = 159) revealed a correlation ofr = 0·46 (P < 0·05). Similar results were obtained for HPC (r = 0·44;P < 0·05).Conclusion The haematology analyser‐based method does not allow the precise determination of absolute haematopoietic stem cell numbers and is thus not able to replace flow cytometry for the monitoring of peripheral blood stem cell counts.
Cytological Diagnosis of Mandibular Salivary Gland Adenocarcinoma in a Dog
Authors: Militerno G. , Bazzo R. , Marcato P. S. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryA case of mandibular salivary gland adenocarcinoma in a 9‐year‐old female dog is described. Material collected by fine needle aspiration underwent cytological examination and after the diagnosis of salivary carcinoma the mass was surgically excised and then was processed for histological examination. The aim of this work is to describe the cytopathological features of this carcinoma and to emphasize the usefulness of fine needle aspiration technique, which is an effective, inexpensive and minimally invasive method of diagnosis that can be performed before incisional biopsy or even before surgical excision.
Energy and Fibre Intake in a Group of Captive Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) Offered Increasing Amounts of Browse
Authors: Hatt J.‐M. , Schaub D. , Wanner M. , Wettstein H.‐R. , Flach E. J. , Tack C. , Hässig M. , Ortmann S. , Hummel J. , Clauss M. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryWe investigated the effect of diet on intake of energy and fibre in a group of three captive adult giraffe by weighing offered diet items and leftovers for 7 days after an adaptation period of 7 days. Digestion coefficients were calculated using, as internal marker, the acid detergent lignin content of a faecal sample pooled from subsamples taken during the last 5 days of intake measurement. Two lucerne hay‐only diets of differing quality (L1, L2) were fed, as well as the regular diet of lucerne hay and concentrates (L2C), and the regular diet supplemented with 3 or 6 kg of edible, fresh browse material (L2CB3, L2CB6). The proportion of roughage in the ingested diets L2CB6 (45 ± 5% dry matter), L2CB3 (35 ± 3%) and L2C (37 ± 10%) did not differ significantly. Digestible energy intake was low on the hay‐only diets [L1: 0.28 ± 0.06 MJ/kg body weight (BW)0.75; L2: 0.33 ± 0.10 MJ/kg BW0.75] and increased from L2C (0.60 ± 0.13 MJ/kg BW0.75) to a significant increase with L2CB3 (0.72 ± 0.17 MJ/kg BW0.75); no further increase was obvious for L2CB6 (0.63 ± 0.15MJ/kg BW0.75). The results confirm that giraffes are unlikely to meet energy requirements on lucerne hay‐only diets. In a feeding scenario where both lucerne hay and the concentrate component of the diet are fed ad libitum, the animals tended to exchange hay for browse when browse was added. Only the higher level of browse supplementation led to a potentially beneficial increase in fibre intake. Whether additional browse supplementation will lead to increased intakes in a feeding scenario with restricted concentrate provision can be suspected but remains to be demonstrated.
Tolerance of Therapeutic Doses of Abamectin and Doramectin in Istrian Pramenka Sheep
Authors: Kužner J. , Kolar L. , Nemec M. , Borko Č. , Marc I. , Pogačnik M. , Eržen N. K. , Flajs V. C. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryAvermectin endectocides are very effective and safe veterinary drugs, when used at recommended doses. Adverse reactions are described in some species and breeds of animals. In this study, the effects of therapeutic doses of abamectin and doramectin on some haematological and biochemical parameters in Istrian Pramenka sheep are discussed. In the pilot trial, we compared selected haematological and blood biochemical parameters of an experimental sheep flock (40 sheep) with the reference values. Then, two groups of 12 sheep (and their suckling lambs) were chosen from the experimental sheep flock. Each group was subdivided into a control (six animals) and treated (six sheep and their six suckling lambs) groups. We compared haematological and biochemical parameters between control and treated group before subcutaneous administration of abamectin or doramectin (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) and on days 15 and 42 after treatment. In addition, animals were observed for neurological signs. We detected some significant differences (P < 0.05) in some haematological and biochemical parameters between control and treated animals, but none of them appeared to be of clinical importance. No neurological symptoms were observed. Therefore, abamectin and doramectin might be well tolerated in Istrian Pramenka sheep.
α 1‐Adrenoceptor‐mediated Negative Inotropic Effect Caused by Intracellular Ionic Activities in Guinea‐pig Papillary Muscle
Authors: Kim S.‐J. , Kang H.‐S. , Kim J.‐S. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryIn guinea‐pig papillary muscle, phenylephrine (PE), an agonist of α1‐adrenoceptor (α1‐AR), led to a transient negative inotropic effect (NIE) and a subsequent sustained positive inotropic effect (PIE). To clarify the ionic mechanisms underlying the NIE, we measured the [Na+]i or [pH]i by ion‐selective microelectrodes. PE produced a decrease in the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) and an increase in intracellular pH ([pH]i). During the phase of NIE, PE produced only a (−) change of [Na+]i (Δ[Na+]i). With a decrease in extracellular Na+ or an increase in extracellular Ca2+, the PE‐induced NIE was attenuated and PE produced (+)Δ[Na+]i. The PE‐induced NIE and (−)Δ[Na+]i were definitely strengthened by lowering the bath temperature or increasing the stimulation frequency. 2‐(2,6‐di‐methoxyphenoxyethyl)amino‐methyl‐1,4‐benzidioxane HCl, an antagonist of α1A‐AR, completely abolished the PE‐induced NIE and (−)Δ[Na+]i. Phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate, an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), decreased the baseline [Na+]i and twitch force and increased the baseline [pH]i in mimicry of PE. Pretreatment with 1‐5(isoquinolinesulphonyl)‐2‐methylpiperazine, an inhibitor of PKC, abolished the PE‐induced NIE and (−)Δ[Na+]i. During pretreatment with benzamil, an inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchange, we found that the PE‐induced NIE and (−)Δ[Na+]i were reversibly abolished. Our results indicate the PE‐induced NIE may be elicited upon the activation of Na+/Ca2+ exchange which can be attributed to the (−)Δ[Na+]i. (−)Δ[Na+]i is mediated through a PKC‐dependent pathway via an activation of α1A‐AR subtype and its effect could be strengthened remarkably at high [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i values.
Pulmonary Adenosquamous Carcinoma in a Dog
Authors: Sato T. , Ito J. , Shibuya H. , Asano K. , Watari T. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryA mass that developed in the lung of a 10‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog was pathologically examined. Histopathological examination showed papillary and tubular growth of glandular epithelium‐like cells in some areas and growth of squamous cells arranged in nests in other areas, showing coexistence of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in a lung tumour. Immunohistochemical staining with anti‐keratin–cytokeratin antibody was strongly positive for cytoplasms in both components. Electron microscopically, the neoplastic cells of the adenocarcinoma component had features of glandular cells, with microvilli, numerous free ribosomes, large round secretory granules and intercellular desmosomes. Non‐keratinized squamous cells had tonofilaments and intercellular desmosomes. These findings led to the diagnosis of primary adenosquamous carcinoma, which demonstrates phenotypic profiles characteristic of both epidermal keratinocytes and glandular epithelium.
Profile of paediatric occupational therapy practice in Australia
Authors: Rodger Sylvia , Brown G. Ted , Brown Anita 
Published: November 2005

Background:  The purpose of the present study was to describe a profile of Australian paediatric occupational therapy practice in terms of theories, assessments and interventions used with the most frequently seen client groups. Methods:  An ex post facto survey design was utilised. A purpose‐designed survey was mailed to 600 occupational therapists identified by OT Australia as working in paediatrics. Results:  The response rate was 55% (n = 330). Respondents in the sample worked chiefly with children with developmental delays, learning disabilities, neurological impairments, and infants/toddlers. Theoretical models used by paediatric clinicians that were common to the most frequently seen client groups focused on sensory integration/multisensory approaches, occupational performance, and client‐centred practice. Assessment tools most frequently used were the Test of Visual Motor Integration, Sensory Profile, Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Handwriting Speed Test, and Motor‐Free Visual Perception Test. The most often used treatment methods across the four most frequently seen client groups were parent/caregiver education, sensory integration/stimulation techniques, and managing activities of daily living.Conclusions:  Paediatric occupational therapists appeared to draw on a range of theoretical models. With the exception of the Sensory Profile, the assessment and treatment methods most frequently used are not congruent with the most commonly used theoretical models. It is critical that the assessment and treatment methods used are conceptually consistent with the theoretical models that guide practice. Occupational therapists need to examine the evidence and determine whether their clinical practice is grounded in the best contemporary theoretical models, assessments and interventions.
A systematic and critical review of the literature: The effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Home Assessment on a range of outcome measures
Authors: Barras Sarah 
Published: November 2005

Aim:  To identify, collate and assess the findings of the available literature regarding discharge planning involving occupational therapy home assessments and the identified outcome measures. A systematic critical review of 31 studies of home assessment was completed. Methods:  A comprehensive computer‐aided search was conducted of 10 databases. Any searches identifying literature on home assessment and occupational therapy were retained. The McMaster critical appraisal tools were used to determine methodological quality, the McMaster (qualitative and quantitative). Summaries were made of the key features of each study to enable comparison. Results:  Two systematic reviews, eight randomised controlled trials, 16 descriptive and five anecdotal studies were found. Twelve papers relating directly to occupational therapy were identified. A wide variety of outcome measures were identified, covering seven major categories of: personnel present, cost, frequency and when a home assessment was completed, readmission to hospital, stakeholder perspective and use of standardised assessments. There was minimal consistency in measuring outcomes. The McMaster critical review format was used to evaluate each paper and denote a score out of 15 for quantitative and 27 for qualitative papers. These forms are written in basic terms that can be understood by researchers as well as clinicians and students. Conclusion:  Low numbers of high level (levels 1, 2) or high quality publications directly relevant to the effectiveness of occupational therapy home assessment and discharge planning were identified. It is apparent from the paucity of quality and quantity of studies identified in this current review that considerably more high‐quality research is required prior to definitive recommendations being made regarding the use of occupational therapy home assessments in discharge planning.
Interests that occupy 86‐year‐old persons living at home: Associations with functional ability, self‐rated health and sociodemographic characteristics
Authors: Häggblom‐Kronlöf Greta , Sonn Ulla 
Published: November 2005

Background and Aims: Interest is generated from the experience of pleasure in occupational behaviour. However, there is little known about the type and amount of interests that occupy very old people. The aims of the present study were to explore the interests of people aged 86 years who are living at home (n = 205) and to study the association between these interests and functional ability, self‐rated health and sociodemographic characteristics.Methods: Participants were interviewed during home visits and data were analysed by using content analysis and statistics.Results: Participants had a broad range of interests. Personal and environmental factors played a part in people giving up their interests. Participants who regarded their health as good or who had no problems in carrying out daily activities had more interests than those with poor health or limited ability to participate in daily activities. Few differences based on gender and sociodemographics were found.Conclusions: Being active (i.e. practising many interests) also means experiencing good health. In the name of occupational justice, it is important to enable elderly persons to pursue interests.