bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of endogenous feline leukemia virus RNA content in feline vaccine and nonvaccine site-associated sarcomas
Authors: Kidney Beverly A. , Ellis John A. , Haines Deborah M. , Jackson Marion L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether feline vaccine siteassociated sarcomas (VSS) contain a higher amount of endogenous FeLV (enFeLV) RNA, compared with feline nonvaccine site-associated sarcomas (non-VSS).Sample Population—Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from 50 VSS and 50 cutaneous non-VSS.Procedure—RNA was extracted from FFPE sections of each tumor, and regions of the long terminal repeat (LTR) and envelope (env) gene of enFeLV were amplified by use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The density of each RT-PCR product band for enFeLV was compared with that of a constitutively expressed gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). An integrated density value (IDV) was determined by use of densitometry, and the IDV ratio for enFeLV to GAPDH was calculated for each enFeLV primer set.Results—The median (interquartile range) of the IDV ratio for the enFeLV LTR primer set was 0.52 (0.26 to 1.17) for the VSS group and 0.84 (0.21 to 1.53) for the non-VSS group. The median (interquartile range) of the IDV ratio for the enFeLVenvprimer set was 0.60 (0.37 to 0.91) for the VSS group and 0.59 (0.36 to 1.09) for the non-VSS group.Conclusions—Because the amount of enFeLV RNA within the LTR andenvgene was not significantly different between the VSS and non-VSS groups, enFeLV replication or expression is unlikely to be involved in VSS development. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1990–1994)
Evaluation of an in-shoe pressure measurement system in horses
Authors: Judy Carter E. , Galuppo Larry D. , Snyder Jack R. , Willits Neil H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop an objective, accurate method for quantifying forelimb ground reaction forces in horses by adapting a human in-shoe pressure measurement system and determine the reliability of the system for shod and unshod horses.Animals—6 adult Thoroughbreds.Procedure—Horses were instrumented with a human in-shoe pressure measurement system and evaluated at a trot (3 m/s) on a motorized treadmill. Maximum force, stance time, and peak contact area were evaluated for shod and unshod horses. Three trials were performed for shod and unshod horses, and differences in the measured values were examined with a mixed model ANOVA for repeated measures. Sensor accuracy was evaluated by correlating measured variables to clinically observed lameness and by a variance component analysis.Results—4 of 6 horses were determined to be lame in a forelimb on the basis of clinical examination and measured values from the system. No significant differences were observed between shod and unshod horses for maximum force and stance time. A significant decrease in peak contact area was observed for shod and unshod horses at each successive trial. Maximum force measurements provided the highest correlation for detecting lameness (r= 0.91, shod horses;r= 1.0, unshod horses). A variance component analysis revealed that 3 trials provided a variance of 35.35 kg for maximum force (± 5.78% accuracy), 0.007 seconds for stance time (± 2.5% accuracy), and 8.58 cm2 for peak contact area (± 11.95% accuracy).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The in-shoe pressure measurement system provides an accurate, objective, and effective method to evaluate lameness in horses. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:23–28)
Evaluation of a polyvalent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay incorporating a recombinant p44 antigen for diagnosis of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs and horses
Authors: Magnarelli Louis A. , IJdo Jacob W. , Van Andel Amy E. , Wu Caiyun , Fikrig Erol 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop and evaluate a polyvalent ELISA incorporating a highly specific recombinant antigen (p44) for diagnosis of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs and horses.Animals—32 dogs and 43 horses.Procedure—Results of the ELISA were compared with results of indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) staining and western immunoblotting incorporating whole-cell antigen.Results—For the canine and equine samples, percentages of samples with positive IFA staining, western immunoblotting, and ELISA results were similar. For 29 (91%) canine samples and 30 (70%) equine samples, results of IFA staining, western immunoblotting, and the ELISA were in complete agreement. Results of the ELISA for 3 canine serum samples known to contain antibodies toEhrlichia canisand 12 equine serum samples known to contain antibodies toE risticiiwere negative.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggest that a polyvalent ELISA incorporating a recombinant p44 antigen is suitable for detecting antibodies toE equiin dogs and horses. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:29–32)
Evaluation of the safety of an abbreviated course of injections of allergen extracts (rush immunotherapy) for the treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Mueller Ralf S. , Bettenay Sonya V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the safety of an abbreviated course of injections of allergen extracts (rush immunotherapy) for the treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis.Animals—30 dogs with atopic dermatitis examined at a veterinary dermatology referral practice for treatment with allergen-specific immunotherapy.Procedure—A catheter was placed in a vein in each dog. Dogs were constantly observed throughout the procedure. Allergen extracts were administered in increasing concentrations every 30 minutes for 6 hours to a maintenance concentration of 20,000 protein nitrogen units/ml. Epinephrine, oxygen, and emergency treatment were available as needed.Results—In 22 (73%) dogs, rush immunotherapy safely replaced the prolonged induction period (15 weeks) of weekly injections that consists of increasing concentrations of allergen extract. In 7 (23%) dogs, the induction period was abbreviated to 4 weeks. Of the 8 dogs that developed problems during rush immunotherapy, increased pruritus necessitated premature cessation of rush immunotherapy in 7, and 1 developed generalized wheals. Oral administration of prednisolone (1 mg/kg of body weight) resulted in resolution of adverse effects in all 8 dogs.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Rush immunotherapy performed by personnel at a veterinary hospital is a safe method for treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:307–310)
Screening method for identification of β-lactams in bovine urine by use of liquid chromatography and a microbial inhibition test
Authors: Musser Jeffrey M.B. , Anderson Kevin L. , Moats William A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To develop a multiple-residue screening
method for the detection of β-lactams in bovine urine.

Animals—6 clinically normal Holstein cows and 6
calves.

Procedure—Pooled urine obtained from cows was
used as a negative-control sample or spiked with
varying concentrations of 6 β-lactam antibiotics. Urine
samples were prepared for liquid chromatography by
diluting 1 ml of urine with 9 ml of 0.01M KH2PO4,
0.01M Na2PO4, and filtering. Filtrate (2,000 ml) was
eluted with a mobile phase in a gradient program. A
fraction corresponding to each β-lactam of interest
was collected and evaporated to < 1 ml, and water
then was added to achieve a 1ml volume. The collected
fraction was tested, using a microbial inhibition
test. Then, calves were fed milk spiked with a mixture
of 5 β-lactam antibiotics at a concentration 40X
the FDA tolerance in milk. Three hours following the
feeding, urine samples were obtained from the calves
and tested, as described for the urine samples for the
cows.

Results—The lowest concentrations of amoxicillin,
ampicillin, cephapirin, cloxacillin, desfuroylceftiofurcysteine,
and penicillin G that were consistently
detected in urine were 100, 10, 100, 250, 1,000, and
10 ng/ml, respectively. Amoxicillin, ampicillin,
cephapirin, cloxacillin, desacetylcephapirin, and penicillin
G were detected in urine samples of 6/6, 5/6,
0/6, 6/6, 2/6, and 3/6 calves respectively, fed antibiotic-
spiked milk.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The integrated
method described can be used to detect or identify
β-lactam antibiotics in bovine urine. This method
can be used to test cattle for β-lactam residues. (Am
J Vet Res 2001;62:326–330)
Evaluation of the cardiac actin gene in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Meurs Kathryn M. , Magnon Alex L. , Spier Alan W. , Miller Mathew W. , Lehmkuhl Linda B. , Towbin Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the coding region of the cardiac
actin gene in Doberman Pinschers with dilated
cardiomyopathy (DCM) for mutations that could be
responsible for the development of the condition

Animals—28 dogs (16 Doberman Pinschers with
DCM and 12 mixed-breed control dogs).

Procedure—Ten milliliters of blood was collected
from each dog for DNA extraction.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were
designed to amplify canine exonic regions, using the
sequences of exons 2 to 6 of the cardiac actin gene.
Single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis
was performed for each exon with all samples.
Autoradiographs were analyzed for banding patterns
specific to affected dogs. The DNA sequencing was
performed on a selected group of affected and control
dogs.

Results—Molecular analysis of exons 2 to 6 of the
cardiac actin gene did not reveal any differences in
base pairs between affected dogs and control dogs
selected for DNA evaluation.

Conclusions—Mutations in exons 5 and 6 of the cardiac
actin gene that have been reported in humans
with familial DCM do not appear to be the cause of
familial DCM in Doberman Pinschers. Additionally,
evaluation of exons 2 to 6 for causative mutations did
not reveal a cause for inherited DCM in these
Doberman Pinschers. Although there is evidence that
DCM in Doberman Pinschers is an inherited problem,
a molecular basis for this condition remains unresolved.
Evaluation of other genes coding for
cytoskeletal proteins is warranted. ( Am J Vet Res
2001;62:33–36)
Comparison of detomidine and romifidine as premedicants before ketamine and halothane anesthesia in horses undergoing elective surgery
Authors: Taylor Polly M. , Bennett Rachel C. , Brearley Jacqueline C. , Luna Stelio P. L. , Johnson Craig B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare detomidine hydrochloride and romifidine as premedicants in horses undergoing elective surgery.Animals—100 client-owned horses.Procedure—After administration of acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg, IV), 50 horses received detomidine hydrochloride (0.02 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and 50 received romifidine (0.1 mg/kg, IV) before induction and maintenance of anesthesia with ketamine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg) and halothane, respectively. Arterial blood pressure and blood gases, ECG, and heart and respiratory rates were recorded. Induction and recovery were timed and graded.Results—Mean (± SD) duration of anesthesia for all horses was 104 ± 28 minutes. Significant differences in induction and recovery times or grades were not detected between groups. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) decreased in both groups 30 minutes after induction, compared with values at 10 minutes. From 40 to 70 minutes after induction, MABP was significantly higher in detomidine-treated horses, compared with romifidine-treated horses, although more romifidine-treated horses received dobutamine infusions. In all horses, mean respiratory rate ranged from 9 to 11 breaths/min, PaO2from 200 to 300 mm Hg, PaCO2from 59 to 67 mm Hg, arterial pH from 7.33 to 7.29, and heart rate from 30 to 33 beats/min, with no significant differences between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Detomidine and romifidine were both satisfactory premedicants. Romifidine led to more severe hypotension than detomidine, despite administration of dobutamine to more romifidine-treated horses. Both detomidine and romifidine are acceptable α2-adrenoceptor agonists for use as premedicants before general anesthesia in horses; however, detomidine may be preferable when maintenance of blood pressure is particularly important. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:359–363)
Detection of free radicals in ischemic and reperfused canine gracilis muscle flaps by use of spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Brisson Brigitte A. , Miller Craig W. , Chen Guoman , McCutcheon L. Jill , Janzen Edward G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether free radicals are produced in ischemic and reperfused canine skeletal muscle, whether free radicals can be detected from effluent blood by use of spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and whether free radical-induced skeletal muscle damage is detectable by use of light microscopy.Animals—6 healthy mixed-breed dogs.Procedures—Dogs were anesthetized and both gracilis muscles were isolated, leaving only the major vascular pedicle intact. Ischemia was induced in 1 flap for 4 hours; the contralateral flap served as the control. Ischemic flaps were then reperfused for 15 minutes. α-Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone, a spin-trapping agent, was administered intravenously to each dog 1 hour prior to reperfusion. Following reperfusion, effluent blood samples from muscle flaps were obtained and processed for EPR spectroscopy. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained for histologic evaluation, and dogs were euthanatized.Results—Spin adducts were not detected in blood from control flaps. However, spin adducts were detected in all ischemic-reperfused muscle flaps. Principal signals identified were characteristic of oxygen- and carbon-centered radicals. Significantly more muscle damage was detected in ischemic-reperfused flaps, compared with control flaps.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Free radicals may be an important component of injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion of canine skeletal muscle. Spin-trap adducts of free radicals can be detected in effluent blood of canine muscle flaps by use of spin-trapping EPR spectroscopy. Spin-trapping EPR spectroscopy may be useful for the study of antioxidants and free radical scavengers in attenuating ischemia and reperfusionmediated skeletal muscle damage. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:384–388)
Cytokeratins of the matrices of the chestnut (torus carpeus) and periople in horses with acute laminitis
Authors: Wattle Ove S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To determine whether there is a change in the expression of cytokeratins in the epidermal cells of the non-weight-bearing parts of the limb in horses with acute laminitis and thus determine whether the morphologic changes that develop in the periople and chestnut (torus carpeus) of horses early in acute laminitis are caused by inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation.Animals—8 horses with acute laminitis.Procedure—Tissue specimens were obtained from the chestnuts of all 8 horses and from the stratum externum of the hoof wall of 3 horses. Tissue specimens were obtained within 48 hours of the first clinical signs of laminitis. The cytokeratins were characterized by 1- and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the tissue distribution of the cytokeratins was studied by immunohistochemical staining.Results—The biochemical findings indicated that the epidermal cells of tissues from horses affected by laminitis contained the same set of cytokeratins as corresponding tissues from clinically normal horses. Immunohistochemistry on sections from specimens of horses with laminitis versus clinically normal horses indicated a difference in the expression of cytokeratin in the basal cells in the matrix of the stratum externum of the hoof wall and in the matrix of the chestnut of horses with laminitis in which the most severe morphologic changes were observed.Conclusions—Inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation, as observed by immunohistochemical changes, in cells in parts of the chestnut and periople may indirectly indicate that the observed epidermal changes in horses with laminitis are primary and are unaffected by weight-bearing. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:425–432)
Biomechanical properties of braided polyester tapes intended for use as intra-articular cranial cruciate ligament prostheses in dogs
Authors: de Rooster Hilde , Vangheluwe Lieven , van Bree Henri , Ledoux Marian , Van Langenhove Lieva 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the in vitro structural and material properties of braided, multifilament, nonabsorbable polyester tapes, used for intra-articular stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament- (CCL-) deficient stifle joints in dogs, and compare those with properties of multifilament polyamide tapes.Sample Population—30 polyester tapes (width, 4 mm), 10 polyester tapes (width, 7 mm), and 30 polyamide tapes (width, 4 mm) were tested to failure. Cyclic loading experiments were also performed, using 3 polyester tapes of each width.Procedure—Tapes were mounted in a tensile tester as single loops, simulating intra-operative conditions, and elongated to failure at 1,000 mm/min. Additionally, the behavior of polyester tapes was tested at different elongation rates. In a second series of experiments, biomechanical variables of the polyester tapes were measured after 25 sets of 2,000 cycles between physiologic force limits.Results—Mean (± SD) ultimate loads of the 4-mm wide polyamide tapes, 4-mm wide polyester tapes, and 7-mm wide polyester tapes were 266.48 ± 13.19 301.78 ± 16.92, and 726.40 ± 37.74 N, respectively. Corresponding stiffnesses were 15.57 ± 0.49, 21.63 ± 2.19, and 34.85 ± 2.66 N/mm, respectively. Failure properties of polyester tapes were affected by previous cyclic loading.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Polyester tapes of 4- or 7-mm widths should be able to resist forces resulting from weight bearing in dogs, suggesting that these tapes will be effective for stabilization of the stifle joint in dogs with a ruptured CCL. ( Am J Vet Res 2001;62:48–53)
Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on lipopolysaccharide-challenged and -unchallenged equine synovial explants
Authors: Moses Valentine S. , Hardy Joanne , Bertone Alicia L. , Weisbrode Steven E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged and -unchallenged equine synovial membrane in terms of production of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and hyaluronan, viability, and histomorphologic characteristics.Sample Population—Synovial membranes were collected from the carpal, tarsocrural, and femoropatellar joints of 6 adult horses.Procedure—Synovial membranes from each horse were minced and pooled and explants were treated with one of the following: no drug (control), drug, LPS alone, or LPS and drug. Treatment drugs were phenylbutazone (PBZ), flunixin meglumine (FNX), ketoprofen (KET), carprofen (CRP), meloxicam (MEL), low-concentration methylprednisolone (METH), highconcentration METH, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or an experimental COX-2 inhibitor (dissolved in DMSO). Following 48 hours of culture, medium was assayed for PGE2and hyaluronan concentration. Synovial explants were assessed for viability and histomorphologic characteristics.Results—For the LPS-challenged explants, PBZ, FNX, KTP, CRP, MEL, and low-concentration METH suppressed PGE2production, compared with LPS challenge alone. Only MEL suppressed PGE2production from LPS-challenged explants, compared with unchallenged explants. Synovial explants maintained > 90% viability and there was no significant difference in viability or hyaluronan production among explants. Histomorphologic scores were significantly decreased for explants treated with low-concentration METH or DMSO.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—PBZ, FNX, KTP, CRP, MEL, and low-concentration METH suppressed PGE2production in LPS-challenged explants. Meloxicam appeared to have more selective suppression of COX-2 activity. Histomorphologic scores suggest detrimental effects of METH, DMSO, and the experimental COX-2 inhibitor. Commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress induced synovial membrane PGE2production without detrimental effects on synovial membrane viability and function. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:54–60)
Effects of diazepam and flumazenil on minimum alveolar concentrations for dogs anesthetized with isoflurane or a combination of isoflurane and fentanyl
Authors: Hellyer Peter W. , Mama Khursheed R. , Shafford Heidi L. , Wagner Ann E. , Kollias-Baker Cynthia 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of a constant-rate infusion of fentanyl on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and to determine the interaction between fentanyl and a benzodiazepine agonist (diazepam) and antagonist (flumazenil) in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.Animals—8 mixed-breed adult dogs.Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane 3 times during a 6-week period. After a 30-minute equilibration period, each MAC determination was performed in triplicate, using standard techniques. Fentanyl was administered as a bolus (10 µg/kg of body weight, IV) that was followed by a constant infusion (0.3 µg/kg per min, IV) throughout the remainder of the experiment. After determining isoflurane-fentanyl MAC in triplicate, each dog received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, diazepam, or flumazenil. After 30 minutes, MAC was determined again.Results—Fentanyl significantly decreased isoflurane MAC (corrected to a barometric pressure of 760 mm Hg) from 1.80 ± 0.21 to 0.85 ± 0.14%, a reduction of 53%. Isoflurane-fentanyl-diazepam MAC (0.48 ± 0.29%) was significantly less than isoflurane-fentanylsaline MAC (0.79 ± 0.21%). Percentage reduction in isoflurane MAC was significantly greater for fentanyldiazepam (74%), compared with fentanyl-saline (54%) or fentanyl-flumazenil (61%). Mean fentanyl concentrations for the entire experiment were increased over time and were higher in the diazepam group than the saline or flumazenil groups.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Fentanyl markedly decreased isoflurane MAC in dogs. Diazepam, but not flumazenil, further decreased isoflurane-fentanyl MAC. Our results indicate that diazepam enhances, whereas flumazenil does not affect, opioid-induced CNS depression and, possibly, analgesia in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:555–560)
Use of plasma clearance of iohexol for estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats
Authors: Miyamoto Kenji 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether plasma clearance of iohexol (PCio) can be used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats.Animals—4 renal-intact and 6 partially nephrectomized adult cats.Procedure—Plasma clearance of iohexol was determined after IV administration of iohexol; plasma concentrations of iodine were measured by use of a colorimetric assay. Results for PCio were compared with simultaneously obtained values for urinary clearance of creatinine (CCr).Results—The colorimetric assay used to measure plasma iodine concentrations was extremely precise. Results of PCio for all cats, renal-intact cats, and partially nephrectomized cats were closely associated with results of CCr. Mean difference between CCr and PCio determined for all cats was 0.95 ml/min/kg, which was < 30% of mean CCr for renal-intact cats. Coefficients of variance for PCio (5%) and CCr (8%) in renal-intact cats were similar.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Plasma clearance of iohexol determined by use of a simple colorimetric assay provided an estimation of GFR in cats that was not significantly different from that provided by CCr. Moreover, PCio more reliably estimates renal function than BUN and plasma creatinine concentrations. Because determination of PCio is less labor intensive and invasive, compared with CCr, it may be easier to perform in a clinical setting. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:572–575)