bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hereditary dentine disorders: dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentine dysplasia
Authors: Barron Martin J , McDonnell Sinead T , MacKie Iain , Dixon Michael J 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The hereditary dentine disorders, dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and dentine dysplasia (DD), comprise a group of autosomal dominant genetic conditions characterised by abnormal dentine structure affecting either the primary or both the primary and secondary dentitions. DGI is reported to have an incidence of 1 in 6,000 to 1 in 8,000, whereas that of DD type 1 is 1 in 100,000. Clinically, the teeth are discoloured and show structural defects such as bulbous crowns and small pulp chambers radiographically. The underlying defect of mineralisation often results in shearing of the overlying enamel leaving exposed weakened dentine which is prone to wear.
Currently, three sub-types of DGI and two sub-types of DD are recognised but this categorisation may change when other causative mutations are found. DGI type I is inherited with osteogenesis imperfecta and recent genetic studies have shown that mutations in the genes encoding collagen type 1, COL1A1 and COL1A2, underlie this condition. All other forms of DGI and DD, except DD-1, appear to result from mutations in the gene encoding dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), suggesting that these conditions are allelic.
Diagnosis is based on family history, pedigree construction and detailed clinical examination, while genetic diagnosis may become useful in the future once sufficient disease-causing mutations have been discovered. Differential diagnoses include hypocalcified forms of amelogenesis imperfecta, congenital erythropoietic porphyria, conditions leading to early tooth loss (Kostmann's disease, cyclic neutropenia, Chediak-Hegashi syndrome, histiocytosis X, Papillon-Lefevre syndrome), permanent teeth discolouration due to tetracyclines, Vitamin D-dependent and vitamin D-resistant rickets.
Treatment involves removal of sources of infection or pain, improvement of aesthetics and protection of the posterior teeth from wear. Beginning in infancy, treatment usually continues into adulthood with a number of options including the use of crowns, over-dentures and dental implants depending on the age of the patient and the condition of the dentition. Where diagnosis occurs early in life and treatment follows the outlined recommendations, good aesthetics and function can be obtained.
Dysphagia caused by a fibrovascular polyp: a case report
Authors: Blacha Marielle MJ , Sloots Cornelius EJ , Van Munster Ivo P , Wobbes Theo 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A 73-year old man presented with dysphagia for liquid and solid food. Barium contrast study of the esophagus and esophagoscopy demonstrated a fibrovascular polyp. This, almost 10 cm benign esophageal tumor, was removed surgically by a cervical esophagotomy. A fibrovascular polyp is a rare benign tumor of the esophagus, which, however, may give serious complications as asphyxia resulting from laryngeal obstruction leading to sudden death.
Correlation between the AKI classification and outcome
Authors: Ostermann Marlies , Chang Rene ,   The Riyadh ICU Program Users Group
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Introduction
The Acute Kidney Injury Network proposed a new classification for acute kidney injury (AKI) distinguishing between three stages. We applied the criteria to a large intensive care unit (ICU) population and evaluated the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.

Methods
Using the Riyadh Intensive Care Program database, we applied the AKI classification to 22,303 adult patients admitted to 22 ICUs in the UK and Germany between 1989 and 1999, who stayed in the ICU for 24 hours or longer and did not have end-stage dialysis dependent renal failure.

Results
Of the patients, 7898 (35.4%) fulfilled the criteria for AKI (19.1% had AKI I 3.8% had AKI II and 12.5% had AKI III). Mortality in the ICU was 10.7% in patients with no AKI, 20.1% in AKI I, 25.9% in AKI II and 49.6% in AKI III. Multivariate analysis confirmed that AKI III, but not AKI I and AKI II, were independently associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 2.27). Other independent risk factors for ICU mortality were age (OR = 1.03), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on admission to the ICU (OR = 1.11), pre-existing end-stage chronic health (OR = 1.65), emergency surgery (OR = 2.33), mechanical ventilation (OR = 2.83), maximum number of failed organ systems (OR = 2.80) and non-surgical admission (OR = 3.57). Cardiac surgery, AKI I and renal replacement therapy were associated with a reduced risk of dying in the ICU. AKI II was not an independent risk factor for ICU mortality. Without renal replacement therapy as a criterion, 21% of patients classified as AKI III would have been classified as AKI II or AKI I. Renal replacement therapy as a criterion for AKI III may inadvertently diminish the predictive power of the classification.

Conclusions
The proposed AKI classification correlated with ICU outcome but only AKI III was an independent risk factor for ICU mortality. The use of renal replacement therapy as a criterion for AKI III may have a confounding effect on the predictive power of the classification system as a whole.
The tribochemical study of two triazine derivatives as additives in rapeseed oil
Authors: Li J , Ren T-H 
Published: November 2008

Two novel S—P–N-type triazine derivatives, 2,4-bis-amino-6-( O, O′-dialkyl dithiophos-phate)- s-1,3,5-triazines (coded DBBT and DPBT) were synthesized. The tribological behaviours of these derivatives as additives in rapeseed oil were evaluated using a four-ball machine. The results show that the triazine derivatives possess excellent extreme pressure capacities, friction-reducing properties, and high thermal stabilities. Under low-load range (196–392 N) and high-additive concentration (5 wt%), DPBT has anti-wear properties superior to zinc dialkyldithiophosphates. The action mechanism was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. It is proposed that the prepared compounds as additives in rapeseed oil form a protective film containing phosphate, sulfate, and organic nitrogen compound on the rubbed surface.
A River Valley Segment Classification of Michigan Streams Based on Fish and Physical Attributes
Authors: Brenden Travis O. , Wang Lizhu , Seelbach Paul W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWater resource managers are frequently interested in river and stream classification systems to generalize stream conditions and establish management policies over large spatial scales. We used fish assemblage data from 745 river valley segments to develop a two‐level, river valley segment‐scale classification system of rivers and streams throughout Michigan. Regression tree analyses distinguished 10 segment types based on mean July temperature and network catchment area and 26 segment types when channel gradient was also considered. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses suggested that fish assemblages differed among segment types but were only slightly influenced by channel gradient. Species that were indicative of specific segment types generally had habitat requirements that matched segment attributes. A test of classification strength using fish assemblage data from an additional 77 river valley segments indicated that the classification system performed significantly better than random groupings of river valley segments. Our classification system for river valley segments overcomes several weaknesses of the classifications previously used in Michigan, and our approach may prove beneficial for developing classifications elsewhere.
Validation and Application of Lipofuscin‐Based Age Determination for Chesapeake Bay Blue Crabs Callinectes sapidus
Authors: Puckett Brandon J. , Secor David H. , Ju Se‐Jong 
Published: November 2008

AbstractQuantifying lipofuscin (LF), a metabolic byproduct that accumulates in postmitotic cells, serves as one of the principal approaches for aging crustaceans, but the accuracy of this method remains an important issue. Here, we quantified LF accumulation as a function of chronological age and temperature (degree‐days) in an economically important crustacean, the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, to test the accuracy of LF‐based age estimates and determine the age‐specific partial recruitment of juveniles to summer and fall commercial fisheries. Three known‐age juvenile cohorts (63‐83 d) were reared in ponds up to 1.8 years of age. Field collections were conducted in two subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay from June to October during 2003 and 2004. Lipofuscin accumulation oscillated seasonally in known‐age cohorts. Significant (loge transformed) LF accumulation occurred at average intervals of 2.5 months, with the exception of winter months (mean temperature = 8°C). Seasonalized von Bertalanffy functions accurately depicted age‐specific LF accumulation but were cohort specific. The relationship between LF and temperature degree‐day (TD day) was similar among cohorts and genders, and a single LF‐TD day model was applied to field‐collected crabs. The mean age prediction error of this model was 2.0 months. Lipofuscin‐based age composition of field collections indicated that the peeler‐soft crab and hard crab fisheries were predominately composed of recruits less than age 1.5 from August to October. The consequences of this short (approximately annual) generation time is that recruitment and landings will be responsive to environmental factors affecting growth and the annual variations in egg production, settlement, and postsettlement survival.
Clinical Patterns and Biological Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Cancer Therapy
Authors: Dietrich Jörg , Monje Michelle , Wefel Jeffrey , Meyers Christina 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader should be able to: Assess the common symptoms of central nervous system toxicity seen in patients treated with chemotherapy and cranial radiation.Diagnose the patterns of cognitive dysfunction encountered in patients treated for cancer.Evaluate cranial imaging abnormalities consistent with nervous system toxicity from cancer therapy.Explain the novel concepts of the cell-biological consequences underlying chemotherapy- and radiation therapy–associated nervous system toxicity.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Standard oncological therapies, such as chemotherapy and cranial radiotherapy, frequently result in a spectrum of neurocognitive deficits that includes impaired learning, memory, attention, and speed of information processing. In addition to classical mechanisms of neurotoxicity associated with chemo- and radiotherapy, such as radiation necrosis and leukoencephalopathy, damage to dynamic progenitor cell populations in the brain is emerging as an important etiologic factor. Radiation- and chemotherapy-induced damage to progenitor populations responsible for maintenance of white matter integrity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is now believed to play a major role in the neurocognitive impairment many cancer survivors experience.
Ultrasonic wave propagation in rare-earth monochalcogenides
Authors: Singh Devraj , Pandey Dharmendra , Yadawa Pramod 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The ultrasonic attenuation in thulium monochalcogenides TmX (X=S, Se and Te) has been studied theoretically with a modified Mason’s approach in the temperature and range 100 K to 300 K along 〈100〉, 〈110〉 〈111〉 crystallographic directions. The thulium monochalcogenides have attracted a lot of interest due to their complex physical and chemical characteristics. TmS, TmSe and TmTe are trivalent metal, mixed valence state, and divalent semiconductor, respectively. Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential is applied to evaluate the second- and third-order elastic constants. These elastic constants are used to compute ultrasonic parameters such as ultrasonic velocities, thermal relaxation time, and acoustic coupling constants that, in turn, are used to evaluate ultrasonic attenuation. A comparison of calculated ultrasonic parameters with available theoretical/experimental physical parameters gives information about classification of these materials.
Qualitative analysis of the phase flow of an integrable approximation of a generalized roto-translatory problem
Authors: Balsas María , Jiménez Elena , Vera Juan , Vigueras Antonio 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In this paper, we consider an integrable approximation of the planar motion of a gyrostat in Newtonian interaction with a spherical rigid body. We then describe the Hamiltonian dynamics, in the fibers of constant total angular momentum vector of an invariant manifold of motion. Finally, using the Liouville-Arnold theorem and a particular analysis of the momentum map in its critical points, we obtain a complete topological classification of the different invariant sets of the phase flow of this problem. The results can be applied to study two-body roto-translatory problems where the rotation of one of them has a strong influence on the orbital motion of the system.
Functional model of river-sea ships operating in European system of transport corridors: Part I. Methods used to elaborate functional models of river-sea ships operating in European system of transport corridors
Authors: Kaup Magdalena 
Published: November 2008

Functional model of river-sea ships operating in European system of transport corridors: Part I. Methods used to elaborate functional models of river-sea ships operating in European system of transport corridors
This paper presents a functional model of river-sea ships (shortly called: SRM) operating in European system of transport corridors. It is composed of two parts: Part I contains a descriptive model of functioning the SRM fleet with taking into account various shipping tasks as well as impact factors (external and internal factors, limitations and criteria). Also, a mathematical model of functioning the SRM fleet, including choice of relevant economic criteria (e.g. profit maximization, capital return period minimization etc), is presented. Results achieved on the basis of the functional model are presented in Part II of the paper.
On the behaviour of viscoelastic solids under multiaxial loads
Authors: Kolenda Janusz 
Published: November 2008

On the behaviour of viscoelastic solids under multiaxial loads
On the basis of modified Hooke's law for multiaxial stress in viscoelastic solids, threedimensional constitutive equations for strains have been derived. It is shown that after application or removal of triaxial static load, normal and shear strain components vary in course of time proportionally to each other and that in-phase stress components produce in-phase strain components. Harmonic out-of-phase stress as well as multiaxial periodic and stationary random stresses are also considered. The matrix of dynamical flexibility of viscoelastic materials is determined which depends on three material constants (Young modulus, Poisson's ratio and coefficient of viscous damping of normal strain) and load circular frequency.
The application of magnetic fluids in sealing nodes designed for operation in difficult conditions and in machines used in sea environment
Authors: Matuszewski Leszek , Szydło Zbigniew 
Published: November 2008

The application of magnetic fluids in sealing nodes designed for operation in difficult conditions and in machines used in sea environment
Presented in article MF seals are being researched for sea technology purposes due to their excellent tightness and low resistance of motion. These features are most valuable for ring propellers and ship's main propeller shaft. There are more reasons why technologists payf significant attention for various MF seals applications in their difficult operating conditions. For instance, an advanced pumping systems are designed with contactless (screw or centrifugal) fluid seal used as the first stage seal and then the MF seal as the main seal. Further parts of the article contain discuss of the properties of magnetic fluids in the construction of MF seals. Sample of the few systems of magnetic fluid seals are presented, which have been researched lately in our laboratory including sea conditions. The magnetic fluids used in our seals are colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles. Undertaken earlier various systems selection for sea-water purposes forced us to focus on double sealing systems, in which the MF seal is used as the second seal following a conventional system especially adapted to co-operation with MF systems. This solution successfully limits direct contact of the sealed liquid with the magnetic fluid, and the entire sealing construction secures absolute tightness of the system. Using this solution we also can reduce costs by elements high accuracy avoidance. Research and design activities are carried out in the AGH Laboratory of Seals and Magnetic Fluid Applications together with Deep Water Department of Technical University of Gdansk over the use of magnetic fluid seals in sea water environment. These activities are oriented on working out MF seals able to work effectively in machines in which low-pressure water flow takes place. The objects of experimental investigations are seals having two different nominal diameters: 50 mm and 220 mm and two research rigs of different construction had to be built up. Works are scheduled to be continued.
Algorithm for searching out similar ships within expert system of computer aided preliminary design of ship power plant
Authors: Meler-Kapcia Maria 
Published: November 2008

Algorithm for searching out similar ships within expert system of computer aided preliminary design of ship power plant
This paper presents an algorithm for searching out similar ships, implemented in a hybrid system for aiding preliminary design of ship power plant, based on new similarity functions as well as those adapted from literature sources. For searching out similar ships a multicriterial optimization method of weighed profits was applied.
Warsaw Wild Captive Pisula Stryjek rats (WWCPS) - Establishing a breeding colony of Norway Rat in captivity
Authors: Stryjek Rafał , Pisula Wojciech 
Published: November 2008

Warsaw Wild Captive Pisula Stryjek rats (WWCPS) - Establishing a breeding colony of Norway Rat in captivityIt is believed that the history of laboratory rat dates back to 1820-ies, which is about 300 generations. This relatively short evolutionary distance, drastically different environment and selective breeding could have caused differences in behaviour between the laboratory rat and his wild counterpart - Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). The vast majority of research concerning differences between wild and laboratory rats was conducted over 30 years ago. The knowledge acquired as a result of that research seems far from being complete. Over a quarter of a century could have deepened the described differences. Nowadays the change in experimental approach, in favour of low stress conditions, can give a new insight into this problem. This article describes process of establishing a laboratory line of wild Norway rat, which will take part in a broad series of comparative studies. 16 wild rats were trapped in 5 distant parts of Warsaw. Most of wild rats successfully adapted to captive conditions, mating successfully and producing litters, which have survived to adolescence.
Mbororo Claims to Regional Citizenship and Minority Status in North-West Cameroon
Authors: Pelican Michaela 
Published: November 2008

Discourses on autochthony, citizenship and exclusion have become popular in Cameroon as well as in other parts of Africa, and lately even in Europe. This article considers the case of the Mbororo (agro-pastoral Fulbe) in north-west Cameroon (also known as the Western Grassfields) and their recent claims to regional citizenship and minority status.The Mbororo are a minority in the region. They are perceived as strangers and migrants by local Grassfields groups who consider themselves their hosts and landlords. The Mbororo have long entertained host–guest and patron–client relations with their Grassfields neighbours. However, in the context of Cameroon's democratization and the constitutional changes of the 1990s, they have changed their political strategies, aiming at direct representation to the state. In 1992 MBOSCUDA (the Mbororo Social and Cultural Development Association) was founded and gradually developed into a nationally influential ethnic elite association. While confirming the Mbororo as regional citizens, it successfully portrayed them as an ‘indigenous people’ both nationally and internationally. Moreover, many Mbororo of the younger generation have gradually developed emotional bonds with their home areas. Neighbouring groups have mixed feelings about these developments, as they may generate new conflicts.
Gleaming Like The Sun: Aesthetic Values in Wodaabe Material Culture
Authors: Boesen Elisabeth 
Published: November 2008

The Fulbe Wodaabe from Central Niger – like other nomadic pastoralists – seem to be highly resistant to the influence of global consumer goods, the consumption of modern products being more or less confined to satisfying practical needs. The article presents a notable exception to this attitude of abstinence, the domain of female household goods which are procured on seasonal travels to places as distant as Dakar or Freetown.The Wodaabe case is distinctive in that the gift/commodity model does not adequately describe the forms of acquisition in question. The author suggests a third term: ‘booty’, implying that, for the Wodaabe, consumer goods are not part of a genuine transaction. In a further step she analyses the cultural appropriation of newly acquired goods by exploring the parallels between the ceremonial exposition of female household items and male dances, showing that the modern elements incorporated into the expositions exhibit a certain aesthetic quality, namely brightness and radiance, which the Wodaabe regard as a characteristic trait of themselves. Thus, the adoption of new things leads here to an intensification of the original cultural expression.
High Speed Clinical Data Retrieval System with Event Time Sequence Feature
Authors: Tani S. , Watanabe H. , Naito Y. , Sakusabe T. , Watanabe H. , Nakaya J. , Sasaki F. , Numano T. , Furuta T. , Furuta T. , Kimura M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary

Objectives:
This paper illustrates a high speed clinical data retrieving system, from 10 years of data of operating hospital information system for the purposes of research, evidence creation, patient safety, etc., even incorporating time sequence of causal relations.

Methods:
Total of 73,709,298 records of 10 years at Hamamatsu University Hospital (as of June 2008) are sent from HIS to retrieval system in HL7 v2.5 format. Hierarchical variable length database is used to install them.

Results:
A search for “listing patients who were prescribed Pravastatin (Mevalotin and generic drugs, any titer)” took 1.92 seconds. “Pravastatin (any) prescribed and recorded AST >150 within two weeks” took 112.22 seconds. Searching conditions can be set to be more complex, connected by Boolean operator and/or. This system called D*D is in operation at Hamamatsu University Hospital since August 2002. It is used for 48,518 times (monthly average of 703 searches). Neither searching, nor background export of data from HIS caused delay of routine operating CPOE.

Conclusions:
Search database outside of routine operating CPOE, with daily export of order data in HL7 v2.5 format, is proved to provide excellent search environment without causing trouble. Hierarchical representation gives high-speed search response, especially with time sequence of events.