bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-body sodium concentration in larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) during and following copper exposure
Authors: Zahner Holly M. , VanGenderen Eric J. , Tomasso Joseph R. , Klaine Stephen J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis research used whole-body sodium concentration to characterize exposure and recovery of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) from acute pulsed copper exposures. Whole-body sodium was chosen because the acute mechanism of copper toxicity to fishes is putative disruption of ion regulation, resulting in a loss of sodium and eventually leading to mortality. Whole-body sodium response in larval fathead minnows exposed to copper was both concentration and duration dependent. The loss of sodium to approximately 70% of control levels occurred within 12 h of exposure. Organisms demonstrated an ability to recover whole-body sodium within 48 h after exposure to concentrations below 0.47 μM Cu2+ for 3, 6, or 9 h. However, at higher concentrations, organisms required more than 48 h to recover. Whole-body sodium concentrations and mortality for all continuous exposures were strongly correlated. These results may facilitate development of a physiologically based model to predict the response of organisms to copper in receiving streams.
How repeated epiphylly correlates with gene expression of resident knox1 in the leaves of tobacco epiphyllous shoots
Authors: Müller Kai , Lin Jinxing , Fischer Rainer , Prüfer Dirk 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The tobacco knox1 genes tokn1 and tokn2 were isolated and their neomorphic capacities were tested while expressed in tobacco and potato. In addition, their neomorphic capacities were compared to barley bkn3 transgenic plant material. While tokn2 and bkn3 induced epiphylly in tobacco and supercompound leaves in potato, tokn1 failed to produce such prominent knox1 specific phenotypes. In wild type tobacco, alleles of the tokn genes were found to be expressed within distinct zones of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), leaving out regions that correlated with leaf founder cells [1]. In contrast, the expression of the tokn genes was detected throughout the meristem and in leaf primordia of epiphyllous shoots that developed in tobacco over-expressing the barley hooded gene bkn3. It was determined that such extended expression domains of resident tobacco knox1 genes were mediated through an enhanced expression domain of bkn3 within the tissue confined to the epiphylls, and this contributed to “repeated epiphylly”, i.e. an iterated development of epiphyllous shoots on leaves of progenitor epiphylls.
Survival Among Patients With High-Risk Gastrointestinal Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Janczewski Lauren M. , Browner Amanda E. , Cotler Joseph H. , Palis Bryan E. , Chan Kelley , Joung Rachel H. , Bentrem David J. , Merkow Ryan P. , Boffa Daniel J. , Nelson Heidi 
Published: March 2024

ImportancePrior reports demonstrated that patients with cancer experienced worse outcomes from pandemic-related stressors and COVID-19 infection. Patients with certain malignant neoplasms, such as high-risk gastrointestinal (HRGI) cancers, may have been particularly affected.ObjectiveTo evaluate disruptions in care and outcomes among patients with HRGI cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic, assessing for signs of long-term changes in populations and survival.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the National Cancer Database to identify patients with HRGI cancer (esophageal, gastric, primary liver, or pancreatic) diagnosed between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed between August 23 and September 4, 2023.Main Outcome and MeasuresTrends in monthly new cases and proportions by stage in 2020 were compared with the prior 2 years. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to assess 1-year mortality in 2020 compared with 2018 to 2019. Proportional monthly trends and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate 30-day and 90-day mortality in 2020 compared with prior years.ResultsOf the 156 937 patients included in this study, 54 994 (35.0%) were aged 60 to 69 years and 100 050 (63.8%) were men. There was a substantial decrease in newly diagnosed HRGI cancers in March to May 2020, which returned to prepandemic levels by July 2020. For stage, there was a proportional decrease in the diagnosis of stage I (−3.9%) and stage II (−2.3%) disease, with an increase in stage IV disease (7.1%) during the early months of the pandemic. Despite a slight decrease in 1-year survival rates in 2020 (50.7% in 2018 and 2019 vs 47.4% in 2020), survival curves remained unchanged between years (all P &amp;gt; .05). After adjusting for confounders, diagnosis in 2020 was not associated with increased 1-year mortality compared with 2018 to 2019 (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97-1.01). The rates of 30-day (2.1% in 2018, 2.0% in 2019, and 2.1% in 2020) and 90-day (4.3% in 2018, 4.4% in 2019, and 4.6% in 2020) operative mortality also remained similar.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study, a period of underdiagnosis and increase in stage IV disease was observed for HRGI cancers during the pandemic; however, there was no change in 1-year survival or operative mortality. These results demonstrate the risks associated with gaps in care and the tremendous efforts of the cancer community to ensure quality care delivery during the pandemic. Future research should investigate long-term survival changes among all cancer types as additional follow-up data are accrued.
The thalamic covariance network is associated with cognitive deficits in patients with cerebral small vascular disease
Authors: Yan Wei , Tang Siwei , Chen Li , Lei Ting , Li Haiqing , Jiang Yuxing , He Miao , Zhou Lijing , Li Yajun , Zeng Chen , Li Hongjian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveAbnormalities in the gray matter structure of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) have been observed throughout the brain. However, whether cortico‐cortical connections exist between regions of gray matter atrophy in patients with CSVD has not been fully elucidated. This question was tested by comparing the gray matter covariance networks in CSVD patients with and without cognitive impairment (CI).MethodsWe performed multivariate modeling of the gray matter volume measurements of 61 patients with CI (CSVD‐CI), 85 patients without CI (CSVD‐NC), and 108 healthy controls using source‐based morphological analysis (SBM) to obtain gray matter structural covariance networks at the population level. Then, correlations between structural covariance networks and cognitive functions were analyzed in CSVD patients. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used with the gray matter covariance network as a classification feature to identify CI among the CSVD population.ResultsThe results of the analysis of all the subjects showed that compared with healthy controls, the expression of the thalamic covariance network, cerebellum covariance network, and calcarine cortex covariance network was reduced in patients with CSVD. Moreover, CSVD‐CI patients showed a significant reduction in the expression of the thalamic covariance network, encompassing the thalamus and the parahippocampal gyrus, relative to CSVD‐NC patients, which persisted after excluding CSVD patients with thalamic lacunes. In patients with CSVD, cognitive functions were positively correlated with measures of the thalamic covariance network. More than 80% of CSVD patients with CI were correctly identified by the SVM classifier.InterpretationOur findings provide new evidence to explain the distribution state of gray matter reduction in CSVD patients, and the thalamic covariance network is the core region for early gray matter reduction during the development of CSVD disease, which is related to cognitive deficits. Reduced expression of thalamic covariance networks may provide a neuroimaging biomarker for the early identification of cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.
Lebbeus – A Postmodernist? Early Scenes of Shopping and Dwelling
Authors: Betsky Aaron 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVivid colours, commedia dell’arte, collage and hypergraphics, and villae jutting out of the cliffsides designed for the unknown dwellers – are these projects postmodern? American art, architecture and design critic Aaron Betsky investigates this question and its context, focusing on the V.I.P. Center Shopping Mall, an unbuilt scheme that was to win Lebbeus Woods his first professional acknowledgement under the auspices of the Progressive Architecture Award.
A Zombie Macrophage‐Based “Trojan horse” Enhances the Effect of Efferocytosis Through Immune Regulation for Atherosclerosis Treatment
Authors: Yao Yuying , Chen Haoting , Barkat Ali , Liao Fangling , Xiao Yafang , Zhao Zhuangzhuang , Liu Lu , Wang Weiping , Ma Jing , Fu Chenxing , Chen Xiaoyuan , Guo Weisheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVarious immune cell‐mediated drug delivery systems have been reported for precision medicine, but the proinflammatory differentiation of immunocyte vehicles can exacerbate disease progression, resulting in a formidable obstacle to efficacious pharmacotherapy. The progression of atherosclerosis is closely related to the recruitment of blood immunocytes into the plaques, as the migrated macrophages can differentiate into harmful foam cells, leading to dysregulation of macrophage immunity. In this study, a “Trojan horse” based on zombie macrophages (denoted as Z‐Møs) as a biomimetic drug delivery system (denoted as ZARMs) is constructed to regulate macrophage immunity inside plaques. Reactive oxygen species‐responsive nanoparticles (denoted as AR‐NPs) loaded with atorvastatin (denoted as ATT) are encapsulated into Z‐Møs to construct ZARMs. After intravenous administration, ZARMs selectively migrate into plaques, and insusceptible biological characteristics are kept even in the presence of high levels of ROS within the plaques, which simultaneously triggers ATT release from AR‐NPs loaded in Z‐Møs. Treatment assessments indicate that ZARMs can efficiently boost macrophage immunity to reduce the inflammatory burden by inhibiting the expression of CD47 on foam cells without the risk of detrimental domestication of immunocytes in the plaques. This Z‐Møs‐mediated drug delivery system may arouse an advanced therapeutic strategy for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Magnetic Supraparticles Capable of Recording High‐Temperature Events
Authors: Wolf Andreas , Sauer Julian , Hurle Katrin , Müssig Stephan , Mandel Karl 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are prone to oxidation at elevated temperatures (>300 °C) and lose their magnetizability upon transition from magnetite/maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3 / Fe3O4) to hematite (α‐Fe2O3). Silica (SiO2) shells can effectively prevent this undesired effect up to ≈1000 °C. Herein, the study shows how to utilize SPIONs with varying SiO2 shell thickness and thus, different oxidation susceptibility, and how to combine them in micrometers sized assemblies – so‐called supraparticles (SPs), to create a structurally emerging magnetic temperature recording functionality. The desired oxidation of non or weakly‐protected SPIONs within SPs upon temperature events reduces dipole–dipole interactions of well‐protected SPIONs in the confined SP entity. The resulting change of magnetic interactions therefore contains information on the thermal history of the SP, which can be spectrally read out via magnetic particle spectroscopy within seconds. Their working range can be tuned from 400 to 1000 °C on two independent structural hierarchy levels, namely the SiO2 shell thickness and the freely selectable ratios of different building blocks in the SP. The application of such SPs as particulate additives for magnetic recording of high‐temperature events, especially relevant in metal, alloy, and ceramic processing, representing a yet unexplored and optically‐independent option for bulk temperature recording is proposed.
Interface Effect on the Out‐of‐Plane Spin‐Orbit Torque in the Ferromagnetic CoPt Single Layers
Authors: Li Jialiang , Guo Qixun , Lin Ting , Zhang Qinghua , Bai He , Cheng Sheng , Zhan Xiaozhi , Gu Lin , Zhu Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractField‐free switching of a perpendicularly magnetized heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal bilayer or single alloy layer through spin‐orbit torque (SOT) provides a potential way for next‐generation spintronic devices with fast speed and high efficiency. Here, a sizable symmetry dependence of field‐free magnetization switching via an out‐of‐plane torque in CoxPt100−x single layers is reported. It is found that the sign of in‐plane SOT in CoxPt100−x when x ≤ 25 is positive. However, it changes to negative when x > 25, while the out‐of‐plane SOT changes its sign when x > 30. The polarized neutron reflectometry measurement further suggests an interface layer with rich Pt content near the substrate, which could have a strong interface effect on the out‐of‐plane SOT. The sign of the out‐of‐plane SOT, and then the polarity of the field‐free magnetization switching, is determined by the competition between the out‐of‐plane torques arising from the bulk and interface parts in the CoxPt100−x single layers. It is expected that such interface effect of the out‐of‐plane torque is desirable to the applications in spin logic devices using symmetry dependence of field‐free magnetization switching in the ferromagnetic CoPt single layers.
Perylenedioic Acid‐Derived Carbon Dots with Near 100% Quantum Yield in Aqueous Solution for Lasing and Lighting
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Wang Bingzhe , Zhang Yunsen , Guo Jia , Wu Xiaoyi , Ouyang Defang , Chen Shi , Chen Yeqing , Wang Shuangpeng , Xing Guichuan , Tang Zikang , Qu Songnan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are a burgeoning star of luminescent carbon‐based nanomaterials with emerging interest for various applications. Luminescence from the sp2‐conjugated domains in the carbon cores is considered to be the intrinsic bandgap emission of CDs, whereas the relationship between them remains poorly understood. Simultaneously, the solvent relaxation of water molecules will quench the fluorescence of CDs, thus, obtaining strong luminescence from CDs aqueous solutions remains a great challenge. Herein, a facile one‐step spatial‐confined cross‐condensation method that uses a heat‐induced self‐foaming process in ambient pressure has been developed to synthesize highly luminescent CDs with unprecedented photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) over 97.2% in water. The unique precursor‐derived cross‐arranged perylene skeleton in the cores hinders π–π stacking, while the hydrophobicity of the conjugated units mitigates solvent relaxation by water molecules, resulting in near‐unity PLQY in aqueous solutions, enabling this to demonstrate the first optically pumped green lasing emission in the CDs aqueous solution. Moreover, a biomaterial‐based white light emitting diode is fabricated using the CDs‐stained silks as a fluorescence conversion cover to realize a high luminous efficiency of 60.7 lm W−1 with CIE color coordinate of (0.33, 0.35).
Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Advanced Materials and Structures for Functional Applications
Authors: Wan Xue , Xiao Zhongmin , Tian Yujia , Chen Mei , Liu Feng , Wang Dong , Liu Yong , Bartolo Paulo Jorge Da Silva , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng , Zhao Ruike Renee , Qi Hang Jerry , Zhou Kun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract4D printing has attracted tremendous worldwide attention during the past decade. This technology enables the shape, property, or functionality of printed structures to change with time in response to diverse external stimuli, making the original static structures alive. The revolutionary 4D‐printing technology offers remarkable benefits in controlling geometric and functional reconfiguration, thereby showcasing immense potential across diverse fields, including biomedical engineering, electronics, robotics, and photonics. Here, a comprehensive review of the latest achievements in 4D printing using various types of materials and different additive manufacturing techniques is presented. The state‐of‐the‐art strategies implemented in harnessing various 4D‐printed structures are highlighted, which involve materials design, stimuli, functionalities, and applications. The machine learning approach explored for 4D printing is also discussed. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future trends toward further development in 4D printing are summarized.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Ortho‐Quinone Methide Analogues as Reactive Synthetic Precursors
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Fujii Akiko , Furugen Chikara , Kobayashi Kwihwan , Hyodo Tomoki , Ikawa Takashi , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract2‐Exomethylene indolin‐3‐ones are useful synthetic intermediates with a unique indole scaffold. However, their synthesis has not yet been reported owing to their reactivity and instability. In this study, a gold(I)‐catalyzed method for generating 2‐exomethylene indolin‐3‐one derivatives via the 5‐exo‐dig‐selective cyclization of 2‐(2‐amino)phenyl alkynyl ketones with an alkyne terminus was developed. The subsequent pseudo‐dimerization of the generated 2‐exomethylene indolin‐3‐ones and their [4+2] cyclization reactions with 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes afforded spiropseudoindoxyl and pyranoindole derivatives, respectively, in 21% to quantitative yields. Density functional theory calculations of the gold‐catalyzed cyclization provided insights into the 5‐exo‐dig selectivity. Furthermore, the reactive 2‐exomethylene indolin‐3‐one was isolated for the first time based on the results from 1H NMR spectroscopic monitoring. The isolated product was applied to various transformations. Our synthesis method promotes the development of bioactive agents and functional materials with complex cyclic structures.
Analyzing Mushroom Structural Patterns of a Highly Compressible and Expandable Hemostatic Foam for Gastric Perforation Repair
Authors: Shu Zhenzhen , Liu En , Huang Yu , Luo Qiang , Wang Tongchuan , Li Xin , Mequanint Kibret , Yang Shiming , Xing Malcolm , Fan Chaoqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNature presents the most beautiful patterns through evolving. Here, a layered porous pattern in golden ratio (0.618) is reported from a type of mushroom ‐Dictyophora Rubrovalvata stipe (DRS). The hierarchical structure shows a mathematical correlation with the golden ratio. This unique structure leads to superior mechanical properties. The gradient porous structure from outside to innermost endows it with asymmetrical hydrophilicity. A mathematical model is then developed to predict and apply to 3D printed structures. The mushroom is then explored to repair gastric perforation because the stomach is a continuous peristaltic organ, and the perforated site is subject to repeated mechanical movements and pressure changes. At present, endoscopic clipping is ineffective in treating ulcerative perforation with fragile surrounding tissues. Although endoscopic implant occlusion provides a new direction for the treatment of gastric ulcers, but the metal or plastic occluder needs to be removed, requiring a second intervention. Decellularized DRS (DDRS) is found with asymmetric water absorption rate, super‐compressive elasticity, shape memory, and biocompatibility, making it a suitable occluder for the gastric perforation. The efficacy in blocking gastric perforation and promoting healing is confirmed by endoscopic observation and tissue analysis during a 2‐month study.
Molecular Design for In‐Situ Polymerized Solid Polymer Electrolytes Enabling Stable Cycling of Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Peng Hao , Long Tairen , Peng Jun , Chen Hui , Ji Lifei , Sun Hui , Huang Ling , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe practical application of polymer electrolytes is hindered due to the low ionic conductivity and the interfacial instability between the electrodes. Herein, a strategy for designing solid polymer electrolytes is developed that facilitates the rapid lithium‐ion migration through weak coordination with polymer chain segments, as well as the fast ion channel transport of oligomers. Moreover, the in situ‐produced solid polymer electrolyte (PFVS) can form stable LiF‐rich interfaces with both the lithium metal anode and different cathodes. When the PFVS is applied in Li‐metal batteries, excellent properties are achieved at room temperature. A Li||Li symmetric cell can be stably cycled for 4000 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−1, a Li||LiFePO4 full cell can maintain capacity retention as high as still 94.4% after 600 cycles at 1 C, and a Li||NCM811 full cell can retain 80% capacity after 180 cycles at 1 C. A 2.6 Ah Graphite|PFVS|NCM90 pouch cell is made for demonstrating the practical application potential, and it can be also stably cycled. The developed strategy provides a promising path for designing solid polymer electrolytes that can effectively extend the lifespan of Li metal batteries.
X‐ray computed tomography study of microstructure weakening by high‐temperature hydrogen attack on refractories
Authors: Razavi Anita , Henn Isabelle , Sax Almuth , Quirmbach Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractX‐ray computed tomography (XRT) is a three‐dimensional (3D), non‐destructive, and reproducible investigation method capable of visualizing and examining internal and external structures of components independent of the material and geometry. In this work, XRT with its unique abilities complements conventionally utilized examination methods for the investigation of microstructure weakening induced by hydrogen corrosion and furthermore provides a new approach to corrosion research. The motivation for this is the current inevitable transformation to hydrogen‐based steel production. Refractories of the system Al2O3‐SiO2 are significant as lining materials. Two exemplary material types A and B, which differ mainly in their Al2O3:SiO2 ratio, are examined here using XRT. Identical samples of the two materials are measured, analyzed, and then compared before and after the hydrogen attack. In this context, hydrogen corrosion‐induced porosity and its spatial distribution and morphology are investigated. The results show that sample B has a higher resistance to hydrogen‐induced attack than sample A. Furthermore, the 3D representation revealed a differential porosity increase within the microstructure.
Prism[2]dihydrophenazines: Synthesis, Configurational Analysis, and Supramolecular Tessellation through Exo‐Wall Interactions
Authors: An Shenglong , Gong Kehui , Yang Chuanxing , Su Jianhua , Zhang Zhiyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMacrocyclic arenes have gained considerable attention for their structural diversity and widespread applications. In this research, a new kind of macrocyclic arenes, namely prism[2]dihydrophenazines (anti‐P2P20, syn‐P2P20, and P2P22), composed of two dihydrophenazine derivatives subunits bridged by methylene groups, were conveniently synthesized by AlCl3‐catalyzed one‐pot condensation in 1,2‐dichloroethane. Both anti‐P2P20 and its isomer syn‐P2P20 exhibited flexible and convertible conformation with narrow cavity, while P2P22 possessed rigid and rhombic‐like skeleton due to the more steric hindrance on subunits. In addition, the selection of electron‐deficient guest was found to influence the outside binding behavior of syn‐P2P20. Fantastic regular supramolecular tessellation was fabricated by tiling of syn‐P2P20 with tetrafluoro‐1,4‐benzoquinone (TFB) through the exo‐wall interactions. Using 1,5‐difluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DFN) as a linker, only the regular 2D network superstructure with periodic units in a plane was obtained through cocrystallization. This work not only reports the construction of supramolecular tessellations by using prism[2]dihydrophenazines as building blocks, but also provides a new perspective for the design of macrocyclic arenes and fabrication of 2D supramolecular materials.