bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usage of Integrin and Heparan Sulfate as Receptors for Mouse Adenovirus Type 1
Authors: Raman Sharmila , Hsu Tien-Huei , Ashley Shanna L. , Spindler Katherine R. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Adenovirus fiber knobs are the capsid components that interact with binding receptors on cells, while an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence usually found in the penton base protein is important for the interaction of most adenoviruses with integrin entry receptors. Mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) lacks an RGD sequence in the virion penton base protein. We tested whether an RGD sequence found in the MAV-1 fiber knob plays a role in infection. Treatment of cells with a competitor RGD peptide or a purified recombinant RGD-containing fiber knob prior to infection resulted in reduced virus yields compared to those of controls, indicating the importance of the RGD sequence for infection. An investigation of the role of integrins as possible receptors showed that MAV-1 yields were reduced in the presence of EDTA, an inhibitor of integrin binding, and in the presence of anti-α
v
integrin antibody. Moreover, mouse embryo fibroblasts that were genetically deficient in α
v
integrin yielded less virus, supporting the hypothesis that α
v
integrin is a likely receptor for MAV-1. We also investigated whether glycosaminoglycans play a role in MAV-1 infection. Preincubation of MAV-1 with heparin, a heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan analog, resulted in a decrease in MAV-1 virus yields. Reduced MAV-1 infectivity was also found with cells that genetically lack heparan sulfate or cells that were treated with heparinase I. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that the RGD sequence in the MAV-1 fiber knob plays a role in infection by MAV-1, α
v
integrin acts as a receptor for the virus, and cell surface heparin sulfate glycosaminoglycans are important in MAV-1 infection.
Nonintegrating Lentivector Vaccines Stimulate Prolonged T-Cell and Antibody Responses and Are Effective in Tumor Therapy
Authors: Karwacz Katarzyna , Mukherjee Sayandip , Apolonia Luis , Blundell Michael P. , Bouma Gerben , Escors David , Collins Mary K. , Thrasher Adrian J. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTLentiviral vectors (lentivectors) are effective for stimulation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity following subcutaneous and intramuscular immunization. However, lentivector genome integration carries a risk of perturbation of host gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that lentivectors with multiple mutations that prevent integration are also effective immunogens. First, systemic CD8+T-cell responses to the model antigen ovalbumin were detected following subcutaneous injection of nonintegrating lentivectors. Transfer of transgenic OT1 T cells demonstrated that antigen presentation persisted for at least 30 days. Furthermore, an enhanced CD8+T-cell response, peaking at 7 days, was stimulated by coexpression of p38 MAP kinase or an NF-κB activator from the same vector. Second, we demonstrated systemic CD8+T-cell and antibody responses to the secreted hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen expressed from a nonintegrating lentivector injected intramuscularly. The induction, specificity, and kinetics of antibody production closely mimicked those of natural HBV infection. In this case, both the vector genome and the immune response were maintained for at least 2 months. Together, our data indicate that nonintegrating lentivectors can be employed to generate effective vaccines.
CoMPSoC
Authors: Hansson Andreas , Goossens Kees , Bekooij Marco , Huisken Jos 
Published: January 2009

A growing number of applications, often with firm or soft real-time requirements, are integrated on the same System on Chip, in the form of either hardware or software intellectual property. The applications are started and stopped at run time, creating different use-cases. Resources, such as interconnects and memories, are shared between different applications, both within and between use-cases, to reduce silicon cost and power consumption.
The functional and temporal behaviour of the applications is verified by simulation and formal methods. Traditionally, designers resort to monolithic verification of the system as whole, since the applications interfere in shared resources, and thus affect each other's behaviour. Due to interference between applications, the integration and verification complexity grows exponentially in the number of applications, and the task to verify correct behaviour of concurrent applications is on the system designer rather than the application designers.
In this work, we propose a Composable and Predictable Multi-Processor System on Chip (CoMPSoC) platform template. This scalable hardware and software template removes all interference between applications through resource reservations. We demonstrate how this enables a divide-and-conquer design strategy, where all applications, potentially using different programming models and communication paradigms, are developed and verified independently of one another. Performance is analyzed per application, using state-of-the-art dataflow techniques or simulation, depending on the requirements of the application. These results still apply when the applications are integrated onto the platform, thus separating system-level design and application design.
COTSon
Authors: Argollo Eduardo , Falcón Ayose , Faraboschi Paolo , Monchiero Matteo , Ortega Daniel 
Published: January 2009

Simulation has historically been the primary technique used for evaluating the performance of new proposals in computer architecture. Speed and complexity considerations have traditionally limited its applicability to single-thread processors running application-level code. This is no longer sufficient to model modern multicore systems running the complex workloads of commercial interest today.
COTSon is a simulator framework jointly developed by HP Labs and AMD. The goal of COTSon is to provide fast and accurate evaluation of current and future computing systems, covering the full software stack and complete hardware models. It targets cluster-level systems composed of hundreds of commodity multicore nodes and their associated devices connected through a standard communication network. COTSon adopts a functional-directed philosophy, where fast functional emulators and timing models cooperate to improve the simulation accuracy at a speed sufficient to simulate the full stack of applications, middleware and OSs.
This paper describes the changes in simulation philosophy we embraced in COTSon to address these new challenges. We base functional emulation on established, fast and validated tools that support commodity OSs and complex multitier applications. Through a robust interface between the functional and timing domain, we can leverage other existing simulators for individual sub-components, such as disks or networks. We abandon the idea of "always-on" cycle-based simulation in favor of statistical sampling approaches that can trade accuracy for speed.
COTSon opens up a new dimension in the speed/accuracy space, allowing simulation of a cluster of nodes several orders of magnitude faster with a minimal accuracy loss.
Three Women Writers and the “Jesuit Sublime”: Or, Jesuits in Love
Authors: Wilt Judith 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe return of the repressed “Catholic” has been lurking at the edge of English literary consciousness since early modern times, especially in the shorthand form of the plotting Jesuit. In its combined familiarity and mystery, grandeur and meanness, legitimacy and treason, “the Jesuit” even constitutes a figure for the Sublime. Novels by Thackeray, Kingsley, and Shorthouse locate the Jesuit in the political history of the nation, as the seducer of young noblemen. But this essay studies lesser-known novels by Elizabeth Inchbald, Frances Trollope, and Mary Arnold Ward in which the plotting Jesuit, himself an object of allure in his un-Anglican “reserve” and his pre-Reformation Englishness, is suborned by his own humanity into the forbidden sublimities of love. As political threat and psychological object of desire, the Jesuit-in-love also represents Anglicanism's flirtation with Catholicism and with Queerness, his defeat/conversion sealing its commitment to its heterosexual priesthood and its post-Catholic modernity.
Cultural and Institutional Factors Affecting Political Contention over Moral Issues
Authors: Tatalovich Raymond , Schwartz Mildred 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAbortion and same-sex marriage are moral issues that remain highly contentious in the political life of the United States compared to other countries. This level of contention is explained through comparison with Canada. Contrasts in culture and institutions shaping issues and the political avenues that allow their enactment account for differences in the tenor of politics in the two countries.
Consequences of Divorce for Childhood Education: Australia, Canada, and the USA, 1940–1990
Authors: Kelley Jonathan , Wanner Richard ,   Evans
Published: January 2009

AbstractParental divorce imposes a small but significant educational disadvantage on American children. Does this generalize across nations and over time? We analyze representative national samples from Australia (n=29,443) and Canada (n=28,266), together with US General Social Survey data (n=32,380). Using OLS and logistic regression with robust standard errors, we estimate models controlling many potentially confounding variables. Divorce costs seven-tenths of a year of education, mainly by reducing secondary school completion. Importantly, it has become more damaging in recent cohorts. Because this holds in all three nations, the explanation probably lies in common circumstances of, and parallel changes in, modern industrial societies.
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a novel partner for MAL2 in breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Fanayan Susan , Shehata Mona , Agterof Annelies P , McGuckin Michael A , Alonso Miguel A , Byrne Jennifer A 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundTheMAL2gene, encoding a four-transmembrane protein of the MAL family, is amplified and overexpressed in breast and other cancers, yet the significance of this is unknown. MAL-like proteins have trafficking functions, but their molecular roles are largely obscure, partly due to a lack of known binding partners.MethodsYeast two-hybrid screening of a breast carcinoma cDNA expression library was performed using a full-length MAL2 bait, and subsequent deletion mapping experiments were performed. MAL2 interactions were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation analyses and confocal microscopy was employed to compare protein sub-cellular distributions. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of membranes extracted in cold Triton X-100 was employed to compare protein distributions between Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble fractions.ResultsThe tumor-associated protein mucin 1 (MUC1) was identified as a potential MAL2 partner, with MAL2/MUC1 interactions being confirmed in myc-tagged MAL2-expressing MCF-10A cells using co-immunoprecipitation assays. Deletion mapping experiments demonstrated a requirement for the first MAL2 transmembrane domain for MUC1 binding, whereas the MAL2 N-terminal domain was required to bind D52-like proteins. Confocal microscopy identified cytoplasmic co-localisation of MUC1 and MAL2 in breast cell lines, and centrifugation of cell lysates to equilibrium in sucrose density gradients demonstrated that MAL2 and MUC1 proteins were co-distributed between Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble fractions. However co-immunoprecipitation analyses detected MAL2/MUC1 interactions in Triton X-100-soluble fractions only. Myc-MAL2 expression in MCF-10A cells was associated with both increased MUC1 detection within Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble fractions, and increased MUC1 detection at the cell surface.ConclusionThese results identify MUC1 as a novel MAL2 partner, and suggest a role for MAL2 in regulating MUC1 expression and/or localisation.
An Entry/Gateway® cloning system for general expression of genes with molecular tags in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Akbari Omar S , Oliver Daniel , Eyer Katie , Pai Chi-Yun 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Tagged fusion proteins are priceless tools for monitoring the activities of biomolecules in living cells. However, over-expression of fusion proteins sometimes leads to the unwanted lethality or developmental defects. Therefore, vectors that can express tagged proteins at physiological levels are desirable tools for studying dosage-sensitive proteins. We developed a set of Entry/Gateway® vectors for expressing fluorescent fusion proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. The vectors were used to generate fluorescent CP190 which is a component of the gypsy chromatin insulator. We used the fluorescent CP190 to study the dynamic movement of related chromatin insulators in living cells.

Results
The Entry/Gateway® system is a timesaving technique for quickly generating expression constructs of tagged fusion proteins. We described in this study an Entry/Gateway® based system, which includes six P-element destination vectors (P-DEST) for expressing tagged proteins (eGFP, mRFP, or myc) in Drosophila melanogaster and a TA-based cloning vector for generating entry clones from unstable DNA sequences. We used the P-DEST vectors to express fluorecent CP190 at tolerable levels. Expression of CP190 using the UAS/Gal4 system, instead, led to either lethality or underdeveloped tissues. The expressed eGFP- or mRFP-tagged CP190 proteins are fully functional and rescued the lethality of the homozygous CP190 mutation. We visualized a wide range of CP190 distribution patterns in living cell nuclei, from thousands of tiny particles to less than ten giant ones, which likely reflects diverse organization of higher-order chromatin structures. We also visualized the fusion of multiple smaller insulator bodies into larger aggregates in living cells, which is likely reflective of the dynamic activities of reorganization of chromatin in living nuclei.

Conclusion
We have developed an efficient cloning system for expressing dosage-sensitive proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. This system successfully expresses functional fluorescent CP190 fusion proteins. The fluorescent CP190 proteins exist in insulator bodies of various numbers and sizes among cells from multiple living tissues. Furthermore, live imaging of the movements of these fluorescent-tagged proteins suggests that the assembly and disassembly of insulator bodies are normal activities in living cells and may be directed for regulating transcription.
Systematic analysis of insertions and deletions specific to nematode proteins and their proposed functional and evolutionary relevance
Authors: Wang Zhengyuan , Martin John , Abubucker Sahar , Yin Yong , Gasser Robin B , Mitreva Makedonka 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundAmino acid insertions and deletions in proteins are considered relatively rare events, and their associations with the evolution and adaptation of organisms are not yet understood. In this study, we undertook a systematic analysis of over 214,000 polypeptides from 32 nematode species and identified insertions and deletions unique to nematode proteins in more than 1000 families and provided indirect evidence that these alterations are linked to the evolution and adaptation of nematodes.ResultsAmino acid alterations in sequences of nematodes were identified by comparison with homologous sequences from a wide range of eukaryotic (metzoan) organisms. This comparison revealed that the proteins inferred from transcriptomic datasets for nematodes contained more deletions than insertions, and that the deletions tended to be larger in length than insertions, indicating a decreased size of the transcriptome of nematodes compared with other organisms. The present findings showed that this reduction is more pronounced in parasitic nematodes compared with the free-living nematodes of the genusCaenorhabditis. Consistent with a requirement for conservation in proteins involved in the processing of genetic information, fewer insertions and deletions were detected in such proteins. On the other hand, more insertions and deletions were recorded for proteins inferred to be involved in the endocrine and immune systems, suggesting a link with adaptation. Similarly, proteins involved in multiple cellular pathways tended to display more deletions and insertions than those involved in a single pathway. The number of insertions and deletions shared by a range of plant parasitic nematodes were higher for proteins involved in lipid metabolism and electron transport compared with other nematodes, suggesting an association between metabolic adaptation and parasitism in plant hosts. We also identified three sizable deletions from proteins found to be specific to and shared by parasitic nematodes, which, given their uniqueness, might serve as target candidates for drug design.ConclusionThis study illustrates the significance of using comparative genomics approaches to identify molecular elements unique to parasitic nematodes, which have adapted to a particular host organism and mode of existence during evolution. While the focus of this study was on nematodes, the approach has applicability to a wide range of other groups of organisms.
The salivary gland transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles darlingi reveals accelerated evolution of genes relevant to hematophagy
Authors: Calvo Eric , Pham Van M , Marinotti Osvaldo , Andersen John F , Ribeiro José MC 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Mosquito saliva, consisting of a mixture of dozens of proteins affecting vertebrate hemostasis and having sugar digestive and antimicrobial properties, helps both blood and sugar meal feeding. Culicine and anopheline mosquitoes diverged ~150 MYA, and within the anophelines, the New World species diverged from those of the Old World ~95 MYA. While the sialotranscriptome (from the Greek sialo, saliva) of several species of the Cellia subgenus of Anopheles has been described thoroughly, no detailed analysis of any New World anopheline has been done to date. Here we present and analyze data from a comprehensive salivary gland (SG) transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles darlingi (subgenus Nyssorhynchus).

Results
A total of 2,371 clones randomly selected from an adult female An. darlingi SG cDNA library were sequenced and used to assemble a database that yielded 966 clusters of related sequences, 739 of which were singletons. Primer extension experiments were performed in selected clones to further extend sequence coverage, allowing for the identification of 183 protein sequences, 114 of which code for putative secreted proteins.

Conclusion
Comparative analysis of sialotranscriptomes of An. darlingi and An. gambiae reveals significant divergence of salivary proteins. On average, salivary proteins are only 53% identical, while housekeeping proteins are 86% identical between the two species. Furthermore, An. darlingi proteins were found that match culicine but not anopheline proteins, indicating loss or rapid evolution of these proteins in the old world Cellia subgenus. On the other hand, several well represented salivary protein families in old world anophelines are not expressed in An. darlingi.
Private doctors' practices, knowledge, and attitude to reporting of communicable diseases: a national survey in Taiwan
Authors: Tan Hsiu-Fen , Yeh Chia-Yu , Chang Hsueh-Wei , Chang Chen-Kang , Tseng Hung-Fu 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases through the mandatory-reporting system is crucial in the planning and evaluation of disease control and prevention program. This study investigated the reporting behavior, knowledge, and attitude to reporting communicable disease in private doctors in Taiwan. The differences between the reporting and non-reporting doctors were also explored.

Methods
A total of 1250 clinics were randomly sampled nationwide by a 2-stage process. Data were collected from 1093 private doctors (87.4% response rate) using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Four hundred and six (37.2%) doctors reported having diagnosed reportable communicable diseases. Among them, 340 (83.5%) have the experiences of reporting.

Results
The most common reasons for not reporting were "do not want to violate the patient's privacy", "reporting procedure is troublesome", and "not sure whether the diagnosed disease is reportable". Significantly higher proportions of the non-reporting doctors considered the reporting system inconvenient or were not familiar with the system. The highest percentage (65.2%) of the non-reporting doctors considered that a simplified reporting procedure, among all measures, would increase their willingness to report. In addition, a significantly higher proportion of the non-reporting doctors would increase their willingness to report if there has been a good reward for reporting or a penalty for not reporting.

Conclusion
The most effective way to improve reporting rate may be to modify doctor's attitude to disease reporting. The development of a convenient and widely-accepted reporting system and the establishment of a reward/penalty system may be essential in improving disease reporting compliance in private doctors.
Synchronously diagnosed eosinophilic granuloma and Hodgkin's disease in a 12-year-old boy: a case report
Authors: Sarmadi Soheila , Heidari Amir B. , Sina Amir H. , Ehsani Mohammad A. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Synchronous composite tumors are uncommon. Simultaneous, rather than metachronous or consecutive, occurrences of eosinophilic granuloma and Hodgkin's lymphoma in children are very rare. This is the first report of this kind in the medical literature.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 12-year-old Iranian boy with eosinophilic granuloma localized in his leg around the knee and Hodgkin's lymphoma in a cervical lymph node. The two tumours occurred synchronously before the patient had received any treatment.

Conclusion
Several cases of an association between eosinophilic granuloma and lymphoproliferative disorder have been reported. Some of these cases involve Hodgkin's lymphoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis occurring in the same patient. Genetic or environmental etiologies have been postulated for eosinophilic granulomas which occur following Hodgkin's lymphomas, but have as yet not been proven. To our knowledge, synchronous occurrence of these two malignant processes in a patient who has not received any prior treatment is rare in children.
A rare case of term viable secondary abdominal pregnancy following rupture of a rudimentary horn: a case report
Authors: Amritha Bhandary , Sumangali Thirunavukkarasu , Priya Ballal , Deepak Shedde , Sharadha Rai 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Abdominal pregnancy is a rare event, but one that represents a grave risk to the health of the pregnant woman. An abdominal pregnancy is defined as an ectopic pregnancy that implants in the peritoneal cavity. Early abdominal pregnancy is self-limited by hemorrhage from trophoblastic invasion with complete abortion of the gestational sac that leaves a discrete crater. Advanced abdominal pregnancy is a rare event, with high fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.

Case presentation
This is a case report of a 22-year-old primigravida with an abdominal pregnancy from a ruptured rudimentary horn. She was diagnosed as a case of term pregnancy with placenta previa with a transverse fetal lie and cervical fibroid and was prepared for an elective cesarean section. Intra-operatively, a live term female baby was extracted from the peritoneal cavity and it turned out to be an abdominal pregnancy from a ruptured rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus, which is a very rare condition. Mother and baby were in good condition after such a catastrophic event.

Conclusion
This case illustrates a rare obstetric condition which can be a severe catastrophic condition leading to maternal mortality and morbidity. It is imperative for every obstetrician to have in mind the possibility of abdominal pregnancy, although rare, especially in pregnant patients with persistent abdominal pain and painful fetal movements.