bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia management for the child with Sanjad–Sakati syndrome
Authors: PLATIS CARI M. , WASERSPRUNG DAVID , KACHKO LUDMYLA , TSUNZER IGOR , KATZ JACOB 
Published: June 2006

SummarySanjad–Sakati syndrome (SSS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, seizures, severe intrauterine and postnatal growth failure, dwarfism, mental retardation, dysmorphic features including retromicrognathia and abnormal dentition and increased susceptibility to infection. It is mainly confined to children in the Middle‐East countries. We report the anesthesia management of a 12‐year‐old boy with SSS for dental treatment, and discuss the anesthesia implications of this disorder.
Revisiting the corroboration effects of earnings and dividend announcements
Authors: Cheng Louis T. W. , Leung T. Y. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractUsing a unique market setting in Hong Kong, where (i) all firms release earnings and dividend information in the same announcement; (ii) corporate transparency is low; (iii) dividend income is non‐taxable and (iv) corporate ownership is highly concentrated, we re‐examine the corroboration effects of earnings and dividends. We use the control firm approach to avoid the return estimation bias resulting from observation clustering. We also add in variables and use econometric procedure to control for the potential impacts of earnings management, special dividends and heteroskedasticity. Our findings show that there exists a corroboration effect between the jointly announced signals.
Financial covenants in the markets for public and private debt
Authors: Mather Paul , Peirson Graham 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe public debt contracts surveyed in Whittred and Zimmer (1986) and Stokes and Tay (1988) were issued between 1962 and 1985, and there has been significant macroeconomic, institutional and regulatory change since that time. We analyse a sample of 36 recently issued Australian public debt contracts and document a considerable change in the ‘package’ of financial covenants used in public debt contracts. The covenant package is now less restrictive and the types of covenants used are more heterogenous. We also survey a sample of 41 recent Australian private debt contracts. These contracts contain a greater number, variety and, collectively, more restrictive set of financial covenants than those public debt contracts we survey, supporting theory which suggests that covenant restrictive and renegotiation–flexible contracts are more suited to borrowers contracting with financial intermediaries in private debt markets. We also note differences in accounting rules associated with financial covenants used in these private debt contracts.
Bayesian comparison of several continuous time models of the Australian short rate
Authors: Sanford Andrew D. , Martin Gael M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper provides an empirical analysis of a range of alternative single‐factor continuous time models for the Australian short‐term interest rate. The models are nested in a general single‐factor diffusion process for the short rate, with each alternative model indexed by the level effect parameter for the volatility. The inferential approach adopted is Bayesian, with estimation of the models proceeding through a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation scheme. Discrimination between the alternative models is based on Bayes factors. A data augmentation approach is used to improve the accuracy of the discrete time approximation of the continuous time models. An empirical investigation is conducted using weekly observations on the Australian 90 day interest rate from January 1990 to July 2000. The Bayes factors indicate that the square root diffusion model has the highest posterior probability of all models considered.
Constitutive expression of the pea ABA‐responsive 17 (ABR17) cDNA confers multiple stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Srivastava Sanjeeva , Rahman Muhammad H. , Shah Salehuzzaman , Kav Nat N. V. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryThe constitutive expression of the pea ABR17 (abscisic acid‐responsive 17) cDNA, which is a member of the group 10 family of pathogenesis‐related proteins (PR 10), in Arabidopsis thaliana is reported. The presence of ABR17 transcripts and the protein in the three transgenic lines is demonstrated by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and two‐dimensional electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Three independently derived transgenic lines containing ABR17 germinated better in the presence of salt, cold temperature or both. Furthermore, the transgenic plants also exhibited enhanced tolerance to freezing temperature, suggesting the potential utility of the ABR17 gene to engineer multiple stress tolerance. In order to obtain insights into the mechanism underlying ABR17‐mediated stress tolerance, we have compared the proteome of a transgenic line with that of its wild‐type counterpart. Several proteins were observed to be significantly altered in the transgenic line, including some with a role(s) in photosynthesis, stress tolerance and the regulation of gene expression. Our findings are discussed within the context of available genes to engineer multiple stress tolerance as well as the biological activities of the ABR17 protein.
The effect of prenatal hypoxia on brain development: short‐ and long‐term consequences demonstrated in rodent models
Authors: Golan Hava , Huleihel Mahmoud 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Hypoxia (H) and hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) are major causes of foetal brain damage with long‐lasting behavioral implications. The effect of hypoxia has been widely studied in human and a variety of animal models. In the present review, we summarize the latest studies testing the behavioral outcomes following prenatal hypoxia/hypoxia‐ischemia in rodent models. Delayed development of sensory and motor reflexes during the first postnatal month of rodent life was observed by various groups. Impairment of motor function, learning and memory was evident in the adult animals. Activation of the signaling leading to cell death was detected as early as three hours following H/HI. An increase in the counts of apoptotic cells appeared approximately three days after the insult and peaked about seven days later. Around 14–20 days following the H/HI, the amount of cell death observed in the tissue returned to its basal levels and cell loss was apparent in the brain tissue. The study of the molecular mechanism leading to brain damage in animal models following prenatal hypoxia adds valuable insight to our knowledge of the central events that account for the morphological and functional outcomes. This understanding provides the starting point for the development and improvement of efficient treatment and intervention strategies.
Intellectual development of infants, children and adolescents with congenital heart disease
Authors: Wray Jo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Cardiac disease is the most common congenital defect in children, affecting between 3 and 10 in every 1000 live births. While significant advances in medical and surgical management have resulted in increasing numbers of survivors, it is also recognized that there is a growing population of children living with neurological impairment and lowered intellectual function. The aetiology of such impairment is multi‐factorial and hypoxia is one of the factors involved. This article provides an overview of the effects of hypoxia on the intellectual development of infants, children and adolescents with congenital heart disease.
Neurocognitive dysfunction in children with sleep disorders
Authors: Kheirandish Leila , Gozal David 
Published: June 2006

Abstract It is well known that adults with sleep disturbances frequently exhibit a wide range of neurocognitive decrements, and that these deficits are potentially reversible with effective treatment. However, the consequences of respiratory sleep disturbances on neurocognitive function in children have only recently been evaluated, and suggest a strong causal association between the episodic hypoxia and sleep fragmentation that characterize the disease and the emergence of reduced memory, attention and intelligence as well as a link to problematic and hyperactive behaviours and mood disturbances. This article takes a critical look at the current literature on these issues, reviews the major findings and discusses such findings in conjunction with those derived from pertinent animal models.
Human behaviour and development under high‐altitude conditions
Authors: Virués‐Ortega Javier , Garrido Eduardo , Javierre Casimiro , Kloezeman Karen C. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Although we are far from a universally accepted pattern of impaired function at altitude, there is evidence indicating motor, perceptual, memory and behavioural deficits in adults. Even relatively low altitudes (2500 m) may delay reaction time, and impair motor function. Extreme altitude exposure (>5000 m) may result in more pronounced impairment that can persist after returning to the lowlands. Research into the effects of altitude exposure earlier in development is lacking by comparison. Un‐acclimatized children can suffer from acute mountain sickness, and, in native populations born at altitude, subtle cognitive and behavioural deficits suggest incomplete adaptation to hypoxia. The study of neurobehavioural functioning at altitude may provide important information about the effects of clinical hypoxia on the human brain and behavioural development.
Hypoxic adaptation during development: relation to pattern of neurological presentation and cognitive disability
Authors: Kirkham Fenella J. , Datta Avijit K. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChildren with acute hypoxic‐ischaemic events (e.g. stroke) and chronic neurological conditions associated with hypoxia frequently present to paediatric neurologists. Failure to adapt to hypoxia may be a common pathophysiological pathway linking a number of other conditions of childhood with cognitive deficit. There is evidence that congenital cardiac disease, asthma and sleep disordered breathing, for example, are associated with cognitive deficit, but little is known about the mechanism and whether there is any structural change. This review describes what is known about how the brain reacts and adapts to hypoxia, focusing on epilepsy and sickle cell disease (SCD). We prospectively recorded overnight oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO2) in 18 children with intractable epilepsy, six of whom were currently or recently in minor status (MS). Children with MS were more likely to have an abnormal sleep study defined as either mean baseline SpO2<94% or >4 dips of >4% in SpO2/hour (p= .04). In our series of prospectively followed patients with SCD who subsequently developed acute neurological symptoms and signs, mean overnight SpO2was lower in those with cerebrovascular disease on magnetic resonance angiography (Mann‐Whitney, p = .01). Acute, intermittent and chronic hypoxia may have detrimental effects on the brain, the clinical manifestations perhaps depending on rapidity of presentation and prior exposure.
The Role of Information Disclosure and Uncertainty in the 1994/95 Mexican Peso Crisis: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Bannier Christina E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper analyzes the role that the distribution of information played during the Mexican peso crisis 1994/95. In accordance with theoretical models, we find that, first, an improvement in the mean of posterior beliefs about economic fundamentals generally reduced speculative pressures. Secondly, the standard deviation of beliefs as a measure of information disparity did not significantly influence traders’ behavior. Information disparity did have a significant impact, however, when combined with the mean of beliefs. The combined effect, moreover, allows a tentative distinction between private or public information having dominated posterior beliefs. In this respect, thirdly, our analysis points to public information having driven speculative pressures.
Technology Sourcing and Strategic Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Bjorvatn Kjetil , Eckel Carsten 
Published: June 2006

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that technological spillovers are limited by distance. The present paper investigates the implications of this observation for the investment decisions of a technologically leading and lagging firm, located in different countries. Technological spillovers may induce “technology sourcing” foreign direct investment by the less advanced firm, as it seeks to upgrade its technology. Our main result, however, is that there may be strong incentives for the leading firm to undertake strategic investment abroad in order to prevent technology sourcing by the lagging firm. We analyze how trade costs, the technology gap between firms, technological spillovers, and the ability of a firm to transfer technology between plants affect the two firms’ entry decisions.
Theatrical Motifs and the Drama of Everyday Life in the 1920s Stories of Mikhail Zoshchenko
Authors: KAMINER JENNY 
Published: June 2006

We are not free. And the sky can still fall on our heads. And the theater has been created to teach us, first of all, that.Antonin Artaud, The Theater and Its Double (1938).

All Russia is acting, some kind of elemental process is taking place where the living fabric of life is being transformed into the theatrical.Viktor Shklovsky, Zhizn'iskusstva (1920).

I don't run down the theater. But, still, the movies are better.Narrator in Mikhail Zoshchenko, “Kinodrama.”
Management of the ageing eyebrow and forehead: an objective dose–response study with botulinum toxin
Authors: Levy JL , Pons F , Jouve E 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective  To determine if clinical use of two different doses of botulinum exotoxin A (BTX‐A) injections to the forehead area result in wrinkle reduction and modifications of eyebrow position.Design  Prospective study.Setting  Private practice, Dermatologic Laser Centre, Marseille, France.Subjects  Twenty‐four adult patients treated with BTX‐A (Vistabel®) injections for forehead rhytides.Intervention  Of the 24 patients, 12 received BTX‐A injections of 5 U only and 12 received injections of 10 U into the forehead, with or without treatment of the lateral forehead. The eyebrow position, forehead height and number of forehead lines determine the number of injection points. Patients were evaluated before injection and every 2 months after treatment during next 8 months.Results  In the two groups of 12 patients, we found no significant change between the two doses. At each time after injections (every 2 months until 8 months), both groups showed a statistically significant improvement except at 8 months. Both groups exhibited the same results on standardized photos and on 3D skin profilometry.Conclusions  The two doses of BTX‐A injections into the forehead gave the same results. The duration of the effect is similar along 8 months. This study emphasizes the role of low doses of BTX‐A injections to obtain good clinical results without freezing aspect.
Developing a model of housing support: the evidence from Merseyside
Authors: Hennessy Claire , Grant Diane 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the complexities of providing housing support services for people who have experienced homelessness. The evidence is from a qualitative study of both those receiving and those providing support services for homeless people to resettle into the wider community from homeless accommodation in the Merseyside area. Different approaches of support are considered and using narratives, a model of successful support is established. The experiences of the majority of the service users strongly suggest that support has been critical in assisting a resettled way of life after being homeless. The paper contends that a critical prerequisite of successful support is the strength of desire of the homeless person to become resettled, coupled with a degree of motivation to engage with support services. The importance of such motivation should not be underestimated. Equally important to the success of resettlement is the relationship that most clients develop with a support worker. This relationship can initially develop while attempting to resolve practical difficulties of finding suitable, permanent accommodation. Through a mutual respect between worker and client and a high degree of empathy from a worker towards a client in tandem with an individualized support package aimed at independent living successful outcomes can occur. The paper concludes that support is successful when it is provided in a flexible manner thus relying on the skill and ability of a support worker to adequately judge the exact requirements of a service user. When this delicate balance between support and service user needs is achieved, the outcome is long‐term sustainable housing solutions.
Making healthy eating messages more effective: combining integrated marketing communication with the behaviour ecological model
Authors: Dresler‐Hawke Emma , Veer Ekant 
Published: June 2006

AbstractEncouraging healthy living involves a complex set of factors that interact with each other. Effective social communication strategies and conceptual models are needed in order to plan and maintain a desired level of societal change. More understanding is needed as to how different levels of society are affected by social communication messages. This paper examines how a social marketing strategy should be targeted in order to maximize societal change. In this paper the Multi‐levelled/Multimedia Model of Social Change is presented. This amalgamates integrated marketing communication principles and the Behavioural Ecological Model. It provides a basis for understanding how consistent messages and methods of communication affect long‐term behavioural or attitudinal change at the individual and societal levels.
Place image and urban regeneration in Liverpool
Authors: Kokosalakis Christina , Bagnall Gaynor , Selby Martin , Burns Steve 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIt is recognized that to date there has been an overemphasis on received images and their impact on the selection and evaluation of tourist destinations; this paper will therefore focus on projected images. While the merit of both semiotic and discursive approaches to analysing place image are recognized, it is proposed that the discursive approach is more appropriate as it takes into account the advantage of deriving meaning from its broader context. Drawing on examples from Liverpool, UK, the discussion indicates firstly, how projected image is formed by a complex and dynamic network of agents and secondly the implications for urban regeneration. Particular reference is made to the influence of the media, the circle of growth and the promotion of culture. Importantly, it is argued that while projected images can influence perceptions, the consumer also plays a key role in this process. It is concluded that while image campaigns can play a role in the regeneration of the urban landscape, drawing on the cultural dynamics of the local population could enhance it further.
Uterotubal transport disorder in adenomyosis and endometriosis—a cause for infertility
Authors: Kissler S , Hamscho N , Zangos S , Wiegratz I , Schlichter S , Menzel C , Doebert N , Gruenwald F , Vogl TJ , Gaetje R , Rody A , Siebzehnruebl E , Kunz G , Leyendecker G , Kaufmann M 
Published: June 2006

Objective  Uterine hyperperistalsis and dysperistalsis are common phenomena in endometriosis and may be responsible for reduced fertility in cases of minimal or mild extent of disease. Since a high prevalence of adenomyosis uteri has been well documented in association with endometriosis, we designed a study to examine whether hyperperistalsis and dysperistalsis are caused by the endometriosis itself or by the adenomyotic component of the disease.Design  A prospective observational study.Setting  University hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecologic Endocrinology with 300 in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmatic sperm injection cycles and 350 intrauterine insemination cycles/year.Population  Forty‐one subjects with infertility and with laparoscopically proven endometriosis and patent fallopian tubes. Thirty‐five subjects (85%) additionally showed signs of adenomyosis.Methods  All subjects underwent T2‐weighed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hysterosalpingoscintigraphy (HSSG) during the subsequent menstrual cycle. MRI revealed the extent of the adenomyotic component of the disease and the integrity of uterotubal transport capacity was evaluated by HSSG.Main outcome measures  Influence of adenomyosis on uterotubal transport capacity in endometriosis.Results  In 35 of the 41 subjects (85%) with endometriosis, signs of adenomyosis were detected using T2‐weighed MRI. Two of six (33%) subjects with no adenomyosis (group I) showed dysperistalsis and hyperperistalsis, compared with 14 of 24 (58%) women with focal adenomyosis (group II) and 10 of 11 (91%) women with diffuse adenomyosis (seven showed a failure in transport capacity and two contralateral transport).Conclusions  Our data suggest that endometriosis is associated with impeded hyperperistaltic and dysperistaltic uterotubal transport capacity. However, adenomyosis is of even more importance, especially when diffuse adenomyosis is detected. Both forms of adenomyosis are commonly found in subjects with mild to moderate endometriosis. We suggest that the extent of the adenomyotic component in subjects with endometriosis explains much of the reduced fertility in subjects with intact tubo‐ovarian anatomy.
Tricyclic antidepressants, quinacrine and a novel, synthetic chimera thereof clear prions by destabilizing detergent‐resistant membrane compartments
Authors: Klingenstein Ralf , Löber Stefan , Kujala Pekka , Godsave Susan , Leliveld S. Rutger , Gmeiner Peter , Peters Peter J. , Korth Carsten 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPrion diseases are invariably fatal, neurodegenerative diseases transmitted by an infectious agent, PrPSc, a pathogenic, conformational isoform of the normal prion protein (PrPC). Heterocyclic compounds such as acridine derivatives like quinacrine abolish prion infectivity in a cell culture model of prion disease. Here, we report that these compounds execute their antiprion activity by redistributing cholesterol from the plasma membrane to intracellular compartments, thereby destabilizing membrane domains. Our findings are supported by the fact that structurally unrelated compounds with known cholesterol‐redistributing effects – U18666A, amiodarone, and progesterone – also possessed high antiprion potency. We show that tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. desipramine), another class of heterocyclic compounds, displayed structure‐dependent antiprion effects and enhanced the antiprion effects of quinacrine, allowing lower doses of both drugs to be used in combination. Treatment of ScN2a cells with quinacrine or desipramine induced different ultrastructural and morphological changes in endosomal compartments. We synthesized a novel drug from quinacrine and desipramine, termed quinpramine, that led to a fivefold increase in antiprion activity compared to quinacrine with an EC50 of 85 nm. Furthermore, simvastatin, an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, acted synergistically with both heterocyclic compounds to clear PrPSc. Our data suggest that a cocktail of drugs targeting the lipid metabolism that controls PrP conversion may be the most efficient in treating Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease.