bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statins and Cancer Risk: A Literature-Based Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis of 35 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Bonovas Stefanos , Filioussi Kalitsa , Tsavaris Nikolaos , Sitaras Nikolaos M. 
Published: September 2006

Purpose A growing body of literature suggests that statins may have chemopreventive potential against cancer. Our aim was to examine the strength of this association through a detailed meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods A comprehensive search for trials published up to 2005 was performed, reviews of each study were conducted, and data were abstracted. Before meta-analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% CIs were calculated using the random- and fixed-effects models. Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were also conducted. Results Thirty-five RCTs of statins for cardiovascular outcomes contributed to the analysis (n = 109,143). The degree of variability between trials was consistent with what would be expected to occur by chance alone. Statin use was not associated with a substantially increased or decreased overall risk of cancer (RR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.04). Similarly, statin use did not significantly affect respiratory cancer risk (RR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.09). However, the meta-regression analysis indicated that age of study participants modified the association between statin use and cancer risk (P = .003). Conclusion Our findings do not support a protective effect of statins against cancer. However, this conclusion is limited by the relatively short follow-up periods (4.5 years on average) of the studies analyzed. Thus, it is important to continue monitoring the long-term safety profiles of statins. Until then, physicians need to be vigilant in ensuring that statin use remains restricted to the approved indications.
Management of juvenile laryngeal papilloma: Further observations
Authors: Gross Charles W. , Hubbard Ron 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwenty‐two patients with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis were treated over a five‐year period at The University of Tennessee, using a combination of microsurgical removal and administration of autogenous papilloma vaccine. Twelve patients were classified as having a favorable result. Six were improved, and three were unimproved; one patient was lost to follow‐up. Nine patients have been free of disease for greater than one year. Histologic differences in papillomata removed from patients before and after treatment with the vaccine are reported as are the results of studies attempting to show immunologic response by the gel diffusion and lymphocytic transformation techniques. No conclusions are made as a result of the histologic and immunologic studies. There were no treatment controls other than the response of the individual patient; therefore, no definite conclusions are made concerning this mode of therapy. It is suggested that the results of this clinical study are such that they would tend to indicate that this is a most useful treatment regime.
Adenotonsillectomy as the treatment of serious medical conditions: Five case reports
Authors: Jaffee I. Sidney 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAdenotonsillectomy surgery for serious medical conditions has been reported in various specialty medical journals in recent years. Most of these reported cases were performed for cor pulmonale and resultant congestive heart failure.I have had personal experience with adenotonsillectomy, or just adenoidectomy as treatment for not only cases of cor pulmonale, but also acute upper airway obstruction and recurrent lower respiratory disease apparently resulting from the severe upper airway obstruction.Following hospital consultation for five children who had been hospitalized as medical emergencies because of severe cardiac or pulmonary disease, recommended surgery was performed only after emergency medical treatment had been instituted. These cases were all performed within a two‐week period following hospitalization. The average follow‐up of these youngsters has been two years. To date there have been no further severe medical problems in any of these children.It is my feeling that many youngsters seen in consultation have less severe manifestations of these severe obstructive conditions. This is probably the reason that following adenotonsillectomy in selective cases there occurs a period of rapid growth and development.
Abscesses of the head and neck
Authors: Sprinkle Philip M. , Veltri Robert W. , Kantor Linda M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and pathogenic streptococci are commonly associated with abscess formations of the head and neck. Anaerobic bacteria, primarily Bacteroidaceae are commonly present in abscess formation of the head and neck. Anaerobic infections have not been considered to the extent their presence indicated. Appropriate antibiotic therapy, currently Clindamycin, is usually straightforward, but resistance may develop, making the individual case more difficult. Anaerobic infections should be considered whenever a foul smelling abscess occurs. A Gram stained smear of the pus may reveal pleomorphic Gram‐negative bacteria. Treatment of an abscess includes in addition to the antibiotic therapy surgical incision and drainage of purulent collections, open treatment of infected wounds, maitenance of fluids, hemoglobin and nutrition.
Acoustic neurinomas presenting as middle ear tumors
Authors: Storrs Lloyd A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSince the advent of the widespread use of the operating microscope and the excellent graduate and post‐graduate training in otology, more and more otosurgeons are exploring disease of the middle and inner ear; consequently, more and more unusual and varied anomalies and tumors are being described. This paper describes the unusual presentation of acoustic neurinomas in the middle ear.Most acoustic nerve tumors arise within the meatus of the internal auditory canal, producing the syndrome of the cerebellopontine angle.In the first case presented, the tumor did not arise in the usual location, and this points out the fact that acoustic nerve tumors may arise anywhere along the course of the VIIIth nerve. It is felt that the tumor must have arisen in one of the smaller branches of the inferior vestibular nerve, lateral to the vestibule, as it did not extend medially beyond the medial wall of the vestibule. Instead, it presented in the cochlear windows as a middle ear tumor.In the second case, the tumor apparently arose in the usual location, in the meatus of the internal auditory canal. Its lateral extension was unusual, in that the tumor filled the entire labyrinth and presented as a middle ear tumor in the cochlear windows of the middle ear, and its extension medially, produced the classical findings of the cerebellopontine angle tumor.
Middle and inner ear anomalies in a conjoined twin
Authors: Igarashi Makoto , Singer Donald B. , Alford Bobby R. , Cook Ted A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA pair of temporal bones obtained from a thoracopagus conjoined twin revealed malformation of the facial nerve and vestibular fenestra (oval window) on one side, and underdeveloped petrous bone and aplastic inner ear apparatus on the other.
Oval window absence, bony closure of round window, and inner ear anomaly
Authors: Adkins Warren Y. , Gussen Ruth 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUnusual temporal bone findings are presented in a seven‐and‐one‐half‐year‐old female with marked hearing impairment and multiple congenital anomalies. The oval window was absent bilaterally, with no stapedio‐vestibular joint development on the right side and incomplete development on the left side. The round window membranes were normal, but on the left side the round window niche was walled off from the middle ear by bone continuous with the periosteum of the middle ear surface of the otic capsule. Surgically, this would have been interpreted as congenital absence of the round and oval windows. It should be recognized that the round window membrane may be present in the absence of an open round window niche. Bilaterally the cochlea consisted of 13/4 turns, and on the left side, the scalae tympani ended blindly in the second turn so that no helicotrema was present. Spiral ganglion cells were markedly reduced on the right side and entirely absent on the left, where there was marked thickening of the cribriform base of the cochlea. The organ of Corti was present in all turns. The bony semicircular canals were not formed.The embryological development and interference with development which probably resulted in these malformations are discussed.Oval window absence or congenital footplate fixation should probably be referred to as varying degrees of stapediovestibular joint malformation.
Horizontal tongue flap in repair of tonsillar palatal defect
Authors: Adkins Warren Y. , Putney F. Johnson 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLocal tissue, when available, seems superior to utilizing distant tissue for reconstruction of the tonsillar fossa region. Repair of the defect employing a horizontal posteriorly based tongue flap has been useful. It has the advantage of minimal decrease in the remaining tongue bulk and mobility, requires only 90 rotation, and can be used after radiation therapy or ligation of the ipsilateral lingual artery.
Intact canal wall tympanoplasty in the management of cholesteatoma
Authors: Glasscock III Michael E. , Miller Gale W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThere are presently two schools of thought on the proper surgical management of cholesteatoma associated with chronic ear disease: one feels that the ear should be exteriorized and left “open”; the other takes the position that the disease can be removed, and the ear left in its normal anatomical and functional state. The latter group are known to favor a “closed” or more conservative procedure. The purpose of this paper is to review a, series of patients who have had cholesteatoma managed by an intact canal Avail procedure that prevents a postoperative cavity.Out of a series of 590 chronic ear surgeries performed between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1974, there were 179 done for cholesteatoma (30 percent). There were 153 patients, 26 of whom had bilateral disease. Twenty‐three patients were lost to folloAV‐up, giving an overall total of 154 surgeries with from one to five‐year information. The overall follow‐up rate was 85 percent.Recurrent cholesteatoma was the most bothersome complication and occurred in 14 percent of the series. Residual cholesteatoma was managed by doing all procedures in two stages.The authors feel that the intact canal wall tympanoplasty is a procedure that will gain acceptance and will be more widely used in the future.
Co2 laser laryngoscopy in a variety of lesions
Authors: Lyons George D. , Lousteau Ray J. , Mouney Daniel F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have had the opportunity to employ the CO, surgical laser with suspension laryngoscopy and microscopic adaptations to treat a variety of laryngeal conditions over two years. Each type of laryngeal condition is discussed, and the benefits of laser management is evaluated. This type of laryngeal management is compared with other forms of treatment such as the standard surgical approaches, electrocautery, and cryosurgery.
Glomus jugulare tumors of the middle ear and mastoid: Diagnosis and surgical treatment
Authors: Fernandez‐Blasini Nelson 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAt the 1976 Southern Sectional Meeting of American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc., a color movie presenting two cases on the “diagnosis and treatment of glomus jugulare tumors of the middle ear and mastoid” was shown. The purpose of this paper and film is to describe the author's experience of 16 cases of glomus tumors involving the middle ear and mastoid (seven tympanicum and nine jugulare). A review of the literature and findings pertaining specifically to the two cases shown in the film is presented.
Temporal bone findings in pierre robin syndrome
Authors: Igarashi Makoto , Filippone Marion V. , Alford Bobby R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis is the first complete report on the histopathologic study of the temporal bones from an infant with a well‐documented Pierre Robin syndrome (micrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft palate), demonstrating multiple middle and inner ear anomalies. The anomalies are basically architectural malformations rather than neural or end organ developmental anomalies. The anomalies in this case, except for a few points, are somewhat similar in both ears. Multiple anomalies include: abnormal narrowing of the cms commune‐utricle junction, superiorly located cms commune and posterior semicircular canal, underdeveloped modiolus, absence of the bony septum between the middle and apical coil (existence of scala communis in left ear), abnormally small internal auditory meatus, and abnormal direction of internal auditory canal, large cartilaginous mass around the superior semicircular canal and in the tympanic end of the fissula ante fenestram, small facial nerve, large facial bony canal dehiscence, anomalic stapes, etc.
Auditory thresholds in the guinea pig: A preliminary report of a behavioral technique employing a food reward
Authors: Walloch Richard A. , Taylor‐Spikes Margaret 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGuinea pigs have been trained to press a lever for a food reward. Then the behavior was used to obtain the auditory thresholds for six guinea pigs. The thresholds obtained in the present study agree with those previously obtained by Heffner, et al. The most important aspect of the training process Was the habituation of the guinea pigs. Once the guinea pig was accustomed to the food and training cage, he could be trained in a manner similar to that used to train many other species.
Metastasis of malignant melanoma of the nasal mucosa to the small intestine
Authors: Helidonis Emmanuel S. , Myers Eugene N. , Barnes E. L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMalignant melanoma of the mucous membranes is rare and has a very poor prognosis. When localized in the nose, the tumor becomes apparent late in the course of the disease with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Distant metastases are uncommon, but any organ of the body can be involved. A case of a malignant melanoma of the nasal mucosa with metastasis to the small intestine is presented, and the natural history of the metastatic disease is discussed.
The lower blepharoplasty
Authors: Bernstein Leslie 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe day prior to the operation, or preferably on the morning of surgery, the patient is reexamined in the sitting position and, at that time, determinations are made regarding the placement of the incision and whether any fat should be removed.The author does the operation only under local anesthesia, and the patient is invariably admitted to the hospital, at least postoperatively. The patient is instructed to remove all make‐up the evening before and to wash her face with an antiseptic soap. A sedative, such as Nembutal, mg 100‐150, is always given to the patient one‐half hour before retiring, to permit a good night's sleep. A well‐rested patient has a higher pain threshold and tolerates the surgical procedure much better emotionally.On call to the operating room, the patient is premedicated with Demerol and Nembutal, mg 100 each, I.M., and an intravenous transfusion of 5 percent dextrose in water is commenced. Should it become necessary, a “piggyback” transfusion is added to the I.V. This consists of 250 cc of 5 percent dextrose in water to which are added 100 mg of Demerol. The Demerol solution may then be titrated during the operation, the rate usually ranging from four to 20 drops per minute.
Plasma profiles of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and growth hormone in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism before and after hypophysectomy
Authors: Hanson J M , Kooistra H S , Mol J A , Teske E , Meij B P 
Published: September 2006

The 6-h plasma profiles of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and GH were studied in 17 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) before and after hypophysectomy. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between the hormone profile characteristics and recurrence of PDH after surgery.
The hormones were secreted in a pulsatile fashion. The basal plasma cortisol concentration and area under the curve (AUC) for cortisol were significantly higher in the PDH cases than in eight controls. The characteristics of the plasma profiles of ACTH and α-MSH were not significantly different between the PDH cases and the controls. In the PDH cases, less GH was secreted in pulses than in the controls, but the difference was not significant. The basal plasma cortisol concentration, the AUC for ACTH and cortisol, and the pulse frequency of ACTH and cortisol decreased significantly after hypophysectomy for the group of PDH cases. The basal plasma concentrations of ACTH and α-MSH, the AUC for α-MSH, and the characteristics of the plasma GH profiles of the PDH cases remained unchanged after hypophysectomy. No pulses of α-MSH were observed after hypophysectomy. The co-occurrence between the ACTH and cortisol pulses decreased significantly with hypophysectomy. The postoperative pulse frequency of ACTH was the only characteristic with predictive value for the recurrence of PDH after hypophysectomy.
The results of this study demonstrate that ACTH, cortisol, α-MSH, and GH are secreted in a pulsatile fashion in dogs with PDH. Hypophysectomy effectively reduces the secretion of ACTH and cortisol. The presence of ACTH pulses after hypophysectomy is a risk factor for the recurrence of hyperadrenocorticism.
Brain Aging in Very Old Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Korf Esther S.C. , White Lon R. , Scheltens Ph , Launer Lenore J. 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVE—Type 2 diabetes leads to cognitive impairment and dementia, which may reflect microvascular and macrovascular complications as well as neurodegenerative processes. There are few studies on the anatomical basis for loss of cognitive function in type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes and markers of brain aging on magnetic resonance images, including infarcts, lacunes, and white matter hyperintensities as markers of vascular damage and general and hippocampal atrophy as markers of neurodegeneration in Japanese-American men born between 1900 and 1919 and followed since 1965 in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Prevalent and incident dementia was assessed. Associations between magnetic resonance imaging markers and diabetic status were estimated with logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic and other vascular factors.
RESULTS—The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the cohort is 38%. Subjects with type 2 diabetes had a moderately elevated risk for lacunes (odds ratio [OR] 1.6 [95% CI 1.0–2.6]) and hippocampal atrophy (1.7 [0.9–2.9]). The risk for both hippocampal atrophy and lacunes/infarcts was twice as high in subjects with compared with those without type 2 diabetes. Among the group with type 2 diabetes, those with the longest duration of diabetes, those taking insulin, and those with complications had relatively more pathologic brain changes.
CONCLUSIONS—There is evidence that older individuals with type 2 diabetes have an elevated risk for vascular brain damage and neurodegenerative changes. These pathological changes may be the anatomical basis for an increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia in type 2 diabetes.
The Xylosyltransferase I Gene Polymorphism c.343G&gt;T (p.A125S) Is a Risk Factor for Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Schön Sylvia , Prante Christian , Bahr Claudia , Tarnow Lise , Kuhn Joachim , Kleesiek Knut , Götting Christian 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVE—Xylosyltransferase I (XT-I) is the chain-initiating enzyme in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans in basement membranes. It catalyzes the transfer of xylose to selected serine residues in the core protein. The XYLT-II gene codes for a protein highly homologous to XT-I. Proteoglycans are important components of basement membranes and are responsible for their permeability properties. Type 1 diabetic patients have an altered proteoglycan metabolism, which results in microvascular complications. Thus, genetic variations in the xylosyltransferase genes might be implicated in the initiation and progression of these complications.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Genotyping of four genetic variations in the genes XYLT-I and XYLT-II was performed in 912 type 1 diabetic patients (453 with and 459 without diabetic nephropathy) using restriction fragment–length polymorphism.
RESULTS—The distribution of the c.343G&gt;T polymorphism in XYLT-I is significantly different between patients with and without diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.03). T-alleles were more frequent in patients with diabetic nephropathy (odds ratio 2.47 [95% CI 1.04–5.83]). The allelic frequencies of the other investigated XYLT-I and XYLT-II variations (XYLT-I: c.1989T&gt;C in exon 9; XYLT-II: IVS6–9T&gt;C and IVS6–14_IVS6–13insG in intron 5; and c.2402C&gt;G: p.T801R in exon 11) were not different between patients with and without diabetic nephropathy.
CONCLUSIONS—The XYLT-I c.343G&gt;T polymorphism contributes to the genetic susceptibility to development of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients.
Prevention of Hypoglycemia During Exercise in Children With Type 1 Diabetes by Suspending Basal Insulin
Authors:   the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVE—Strategies for preventing hypoglycemia during exercise in children with type 1 diabetes have not been well studied. The Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group conducted a study to determine whether stopping basal insulin could reduce the frequency of hypoglycemia occurring during exercise.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Using a randomized crossover design, 49 children 8–17 years of age with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy were studied during structured exercise sessions on 2 days. On day 1, basal insulin was stopped during exercise, and on day 2 it was continued. Each exercise session, performed from ∼4:00–5:00 p.m., consisted of four 15-min treadmill cycles at a target heart rate of 140 bpm (interspersed with three 5-min rest breaks over 75 min), followed by a 45-min observation period. Frequently sampled glucose concentrations (measured in the DirecNet Central Laboratory) were measured before, during, and after the exercise.
RESULTS—Hypoglycemia (≤70 mg/dl) during exercise occurred less frequently when the basal insulin was discontinued than when it was continued (16 vs. 43%; P = 0.003). Hyperglycemia (increase from baseline of ≥20% to ≥200 mg/dl) 45 min after the completion of exercise was more frequent without basal insulin (27 vs. 4%; P = 0.002). There were no cases of abnormal blood ketone levels.
CONCLUSIONS—Discontinuing basal insulin during exercise is an effective strategy for reducing hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes, but the risk of hyperglycemia is increased.