bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of non-pharmaceutical treatments for evaporative dry eye: a randomised controlled study protocol
Authors: Chen Jiayan , Qin Guanghao , Yu Sile , Moore Jonathan , Xu Ling , He Wei , Pazo Emmanuel Eric , He Xingru 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe lipid layer of the tear film is critical to maintaining the integrity of the tear film and absence in the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) is one of the main causes of evaporative dry eye (EDE) in dry eye disease patients, resulting in excessive evaporation (so-called hyperevaporative dry eye). This study protocol will be designed to assess and compare the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL), heated eye mask (HEM), vectored thermal pulsation system (VTPS) and eyelid massage device (EMD) for improving signs and symptoms of EDE.Methods and analysisPatients with EDE will be randomly divided into IPL, HEM, VTPS and EMD groups and will be followed up for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure will be non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT). The secondary outcome measures will include, TFLL score, meibomian gland quality and expressibility change from baseline conjunctivocorneal staining with fluorescein and lissamine, tear meniscus height, conjunctival hyperaemia (redness score) and ocular surface disease index questionnaire. Additionally, adverse events will be monitored and documented.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval number: IRB(2023)K019.01. The findings will be shared regardless of the effect’s direction.Trial registration numberNCT05923528.
Rotating hybrid axion-miniboson stars
Authors: Zeng Yan-Bo , Cui Si-Yuan , Li Hong-Bo , Sun Shi-Xian , Zhang Yu-Peng , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe construct rotating hybrid axion-miniboson stars (RHABSs), which are asymptotically flat, stationary, axially symmetric solutions of (3+1)-dimensional Einstein–Klein–Gordon theory. RHABSs consist of an axion field (ground state) and a free complex scalar field (first excited state). The solutions of RHABSs have two types of nodes, including $$^1S^2S$$

1

S
2

S

state and $$^1S^2P$$

1

S
2

P

state. For different axion decay constants $$f_a$$

f
a

, we present the mass M of RHABSs as a function of the synchronized frequency, as well as the nonsynchronized frequency, and explore the mass M versus the angular momentum J for the synchronized frequency and the nonsynchronized frequency, respectively. Furthermore, we study the effect of axion decay constant $$f_a$$

f
a

and free scalar field mass $$\mu _f$$

μ
f

on the existence domain of the synchronized frequency $$\omega $$
ω
.
Competing Visions of Morality in Politics: A New Perspective on the Ideological Currents of the Late Ottoman Empire
Authors: Asım Karaömerlioğlu M. , Oğuz Çiğdem 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the debates about morality in the late Ottoman Empire and their lasting impact on modern Turkey. Studying different moral viewpoints offers the possibility of a new classification for the study of Ottoman intellectual history which, by relying on a political framework, has, to date, dealt only with certain ideological currents such as Ottomanism, Turkism, Islamism, and Westernism. Through a careful reading of the writings of Tevfik Fikret, Ziya Gökalp, Ahmed Naim, and Mehmet Akif, we focus on their different views of morality which can be classified as “universal morality”, “national morality”, and “Islamic morality”. Differing, even competing moral visions of morality were decisive in shaping the intellectual, cultural, and political currents of the time.
Cold War Elements: a Discussion on the Influence of the Cold War on the Communist Party of Malaya from 1948 to 1989
Authors: Ho Kee Chye , Qian Shanshan , Liaw Siau Chi Joe , Lee Kean Yew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Communist Party of Malaya (cpm) evolved under the impact of the Cold War. Considering that the cpm was a left-wing political party that had a significant impact on many areas of Malaysia, this study tries to identify and investigate the causes of the cpm’s inability to win the political fight from 1948 to 1989. Both domestic and internal party issues, along with the Cold War scenario, were a significant component that could not be neglected by the researchers.
Chinese Space, Identity, and Presence in Malaysia: Exploring the Yingxiong Haohan Ideal of Wu Masculinity in the Wangkang Festival of Melaka
Authors: Neo David , Ngo Sheau-Shi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Wangkang Festival has been celebrated for nearly two centuries in Melaka, Malaysia. In 2005, it was recognized as part of the national heritage of Malaysia; and in 2020 garnered global recognition with unesco Intangible Cultural Heritage designation. The festival centers on apprehending evil spirits believed to cause epidemics and chaos, while invoking peace and prosperity. The tradition revolves around the worship of Ong Yah, also known as the “Five Sworn Brothers,” making it a vibrant cultural site to study Melaka’s local Chinese identity through Taoist folk religious practices. This article documents the 2020 festival in the midst of the covid pandemic, observes the notable absence and marginalization of women, explores gender constructions through the notion of wu (武) in Chinese masculinity, particularly through the ideal of yingxiong haohan (英雄好漢), and argues that the Chinese community carves out a Chinese public space, identity and presence in Malaysia within the Wangkang Festival context.
Some Issues Concerning the Phenomenon of Ancient Script Forms Being Preserved in Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts
Authors: Feng Shengjun , Yu Mengxin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The phenomenon of preserving ancient character forms (wenzi cungu xianxiang 文字存古現象) can be observed in certain recently unearthed bamboo slip manuscripts from the Warring States. These characters have preserved early character structures or word usage habits, thus reflecting an interactive relationship between the copyist and the source text. Based on the number of early characters observed in a copied manuscript, Warring States bamboo manuscripts can largely be divided into three categories. One category containing relatively more words with early word forms can be dubbed as “transcripts containing characteristics of ancient text preservation,” with the Tsinghua manuscripts *Xinian 繫年, *Hou fu 厚父, *Sheming 攝命, and *Si gao 四告 being the most emblematic of this category. The value of research into ancient character forms preserved in Warring States bamboo-slip manuscripts is important in many ways, such as providing evidence for character identification; helping to determine the origins of ancient manuscript source texts and their time of transcription; and demonstrating how documents may have been transmitted. All these aspects are evident in the relevant Tsinghua manuscripts. However, in assessing whether ancient character forms were indeed preserved in Warring States manuscripts, two problems must be accounted for: first, some characters that have previously been identified as having characteristics of different scripts may have earlier origins or lack any obvious script-specific features; second, some ancient-looking characters cannot necessarily be used as a standard to determine the occurrence of ancient script forms.
A Study of the Handwriting of the Tsinghua Bamboo-Slip Manuscripts *Shi fa and *Zi Chan
Authors: Li Songru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
*Zi Chan in Volume 6 and *Shi fa in Volume 4 of Tsinghua University Collection of Warring States Bamboo-slip Manuscripts were written by one scribe. This study aims to use features of the brushwork to demonstrate this. In addition, this study will also examine physical features of the bamboo slips, handwriting, character forms, the orthography of different states, punctuation marks, erasures, and the binding of the bamboo slips. The texts of both manuscripts were first written and then bound. Research on the arrangement of *Shi fa and the layout of its text enriches our understanding about the activity of writing among Pre-Qin people, how ancient books were compiled, and how scrolls were opened.
The UK and the echr After Brexit: The Challenge of Immigration Control
Authors: Mitsilegas Valsamis , Guild Elspeth 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article examines the challenges that immigration control-related political imperatives in the United Kingdom (UK) have posed for UK compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights (echr) and evaluates the challenges that the UK’s moving away from echr compliance pose for its post-Brexit relationship with the European Union (EU) and its member states. The contribution begins with an examination of the constitutional parameters of UK (non-)compliance with the echr in the field of immigration control and the implications of this for the post-Brexit arrangements with the EU and its member states. The contribution then focuses on substantive immigration and refugee law and the impact of the current situation on asylum transfer co-operation within and outside of the EU. Through these areas, the article examines how EU law has infiltrated the interpretation of the echr with the result of raising standards of protection for asylum seekers and migrants and hampering the exercise of state sovereignty in the field.
Military Operations and Withdrawal From the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Wallace Stuart 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This comment explores the links between the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (Convention or echr) to military operations and critiques of the Convention in the United Kingdom. It argues strongly against the idea that it is ‘anomalous’ and ‘unprincipled’ to extend the application of the echr to overseas military operations. It also argues that the UK should be capable of discharging basic human rights protections, such as effectively investigating allegations their soldiers have committed murder or torture, without compromising national security. The second section reflects on the consequences of withdrawal. It examines how the application of the echr to military operations has improved the transparency and accountability of the UK Government and offered several tools to secure the ongoing accountability of the Government. It is argued that withdrawal from the Convention would compromise this process of increasing accountability and remove these beneficial tools.
Health care resource utilization and costs associated with diagnosed medication overuse headache and potential acute medication overuse in individuals with migraine
Authors: Shewale Anand R. , Brandenburg Jennifer A. , Burslem Kate , Lipton Richard B. , Doshi Jalpa A. 
Published: February 2024

Objective Estimate health care resource utilization and costs associated with medication overuse headache and potential acute medication overuse. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted with Clinformatics Data Mart data (1 January 2019–31 December 2019) that included continuously enrolled commercially insured adults with migraine (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-10-CM] code G43.xxx). Medication overuse headache was defined as ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 outpatient claims with an ICD-10-CM code G44.41/40 (drug-induced headache). Potential acute medication overuse was defined as possessing sufficient medication for >10 mean treatment days/month for ergots, triptans, opioids, or combination analgesics or >15 mean cumulative days/month for simple prescription analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen, aspirin, other non-opioid analgesics) for >6 consecutive months. All-cause and migraine-related health care resource utilization and costs were compared after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results Among 90,017 individuals with migraine, the frequency of medication overuse headache/potential acute medication overuse was 12.6% (diagnosed medication overuse headache: 0.6%; potential acute medication overuse: 12.1%). Adjusted all-cause total costs ($31,235 vs $21,486; difference: $9,749 [ P < 0.001]) and adjusted migraine-related total costs ($9,770 vs $6,207; difference: $3,563 [ P < 0.001]) were higher in the medication overuse headache/potential acute medication overuse group versus those without medication overuse headache/potential acute medication overuse. Conclusions Individuals with diagnosed medication overuse headache/potential acute medication overuse had higher all-cause and migraine-related health care resource utilization and costs versus individuals without medication overuse headache/potential acute medication overuse, suggesting that improved migraine management is needed to reduce associated costs.
MMP12 is a Potential Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker of Various Cancers Including Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Guo-Sheng , Tang Yu-Xing , Zhang Wei , Li Jian-Di , Huang He-Qing , Liu Jun , Fu Zong-Wang , He Rong-Quan , Kong Jin-Liang , Zhou Hua-Fu , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2024

Objective This study sought to explore the clinical value of matrix metalloproteinases 12 ( MMP12) in multiple cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods Using >10,000 samples, this retrospective study demonstrated the first pan-cancer analysis of MMP12. The expression of MMP12 between cancer groups and their control groups was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. The clinical significance of MMP12 expression in multiple cancers was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, Kaplan–Meier curves, and univariate Cox analysis. A further LUAD-related analysis based on 4565 multi-center and in-house samples was performed to verify the findings regarding MMP12 in pan-cancer analysis partly. Results MMP12 mRNA is highly expressed in 13 cancers compared to their controls, and the MMP12 protein level is elevated in some of these cancers (e.g., colon adenocarcinoma) ( P < .05). MMP12 expression makes it feasible to distinguish 21 cancer tissues from normal tissues (AUC = 0.86). A high MMP12 expression is a prognosis risk factor in eight cancers, such as adrenocortical carcinoma (hazard ratio >1, P < .05). The elevated MMP12 expression is also a prognosis protective factor in breast-invasive carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio <1, P < .05). Some pan-cancer findings regarding MMP12 are verified in LUAD—MMP12 expression is upregulated in LUAD at both the mRNA and protein levels ( P < .05), has the potential to distinguish LUAD with considerable accuracy (AUC = .91), and plays a risk prognosis factor for patients with the disease ( P < .05). Conclusions MMP12 is highly expressed in most cancers and may serve as a novel biomarker for the prediction and prognosis of numerous cancers.
Small-Incision new generation implantable miniature telescope surgical technique and patient outcomes
Authors: Romano Mario R. , Sorrentino Tania , Allegrini Davide , Tripepi Domenico , Stradiotto Elisa , Raimondi Raffaele 
Published: February 2024

Background Various ocular implants were suggested as a means of enhancing vision in patients with advanced age related macular degeneration. Recently, a new generation of implantable telescopes has been released. The purpose of this study is to report the surgical technique of implantation along with patient outcomes. Methods This work focuses on the surgical technique. Crucial surgical steps are carefully reported along with discussion on main drawbacks and limitations. Results This approach uses a preloaded delivery system with improved features and requires a smaller incision. First patient outcomes are also reported. Conclusions Surgical steps to implant this preloaded intraocular telescope are easier than previous versions, however this remains a complex procedure. Initial patient functional outcomes look promising.
Primary Care and Community-Based Partnerships to Enhance HPV Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Carney Patricia A. , Engstrom Marie B. , Barnes Chrystal , Ramalingam NithyaPriya , Dickinson Caitlin , Cox Cort , Ferrara Laura K. , Darden Paul M. , Fagnan Lyle J. , Marino Miguel , Hatch Brigit A. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction/Objectives: With growing vaccination misinformation and mistrust, strategies to improve vaccination communication across community-based settings are needed. Methods: The Rural Adolescent Vaccine Enterprise (RAVE), a 5-year (2018-2022) stepped-wedge cluster randomized study, tested a clinic-based practice facilitation intervention designed to improve HPV vaccination. An exploratory aim sought to explore the use of partnerships between primary care clinics and a community partner of their choosing, to implement a social marketing campaign related to HPV immunization. We assessed perceptions about the value and success of the partnership, and barriers and facilitators to its implementation using a 29-item community partner survey, key informant interviews, and field notes from practice facilitators. Results: Of the initial 45 clinics participating in RAVE, 9 were unable to either start or complete the study, and 36 participants (80.0%) were actively engaged. Of these, 16/36 clinics (44.4%) reported establishing successful partnerships, 10 reported attempting to develop partnerships (27.8%), and another 10 reported not developing a partnership (27.8%), which were often caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common partnership was with public health departments at 27.3%. Other partnerships involved libraries, school districts, and local businesses. More than half (63.7%) reported that creating messages regarding getting HPV vaccination was moderately to very challenging. Just under half reported (45.5%) that messaging was hard because of a lack of understanding about the seriousness of diseases caused by HPV, parents being against vaccines because of safety concerns, and religious values that result in a lack of openness to HPV vaccines. Community partners’ health priorities changed as a result of RAVE, with 80% prioritizing childhood immunizations as a result of the RAVE partnership. Conclusions: Community groups want to partner with primary care organizations to serve their patients and populations. More research is needed on how best to bring these groups together.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Tunisian diabetics: the TUN-CKDD survey
Authors: Labidi Jannet , Harzallah Amel , Kaab Badereddine Ben , Mami Ikram , Agrebi Sahar , Azzabi Awatef , Chargui Soumaya , Hadj-Brahim Mayssa , Hammouda Mouna , Azaiez Saifeddine , Tlili Syrine , Lajili Olfa , Antit Hela , Hasni Yosra , Chenik Sarra , Chelbi Farhat , Rais Lamia , Skhiri Habib 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
In Tunisia, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus increased from 15.5% on 2016 to 23% by 2023. While Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stills the most dreaded complications of diabetes, studies on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease non-dialysis diet are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among the Tunisian diabetic population based on investigators’ specialty, demographic criteria (gender, age, duration of diabetes and geographic distribution) and diagnosis criteria (albuminuria and/or eGFR).

Methods
This observational, multicentric, and cross-sectional study enrolled all diabetic subjects from all regions of Tunisia with at least 3 months of follow-up before the inclusion date, from 09 January to 08 February 2023. CKD diagnosis was established based on the KDIGO guidelines. The study was carried out at medical departments and ambulatory clinics of different healthcare providers. Baseline data were collected by investigators using an electronic case report form (eCRF). Continuous variables were described by means, median, standard deviation, and quartiles. Categorical data were tabulated in frequencies and percentages.

Results
The overall prevalence of CKD among the 10,145 enrolled patients with diabetes mellitus was 38.7% with a 95%CI [37.8-39.6%]. 50.9% were male, with a mean age of 67.5 (± 11.3) years. The mean diabetes duration was 16.1 years (± 8.9). The highest CKD prevalence was noted among nephrologists (82.2%), while it was similar between the cardiologists and the primary care physicians (30.0%). CKD prevalence was highest among males (43.0% versus 35.1%) and increased proportionally with patients’ age and diabetes duration. CKD was more frequent in the Mid-East Area when compared to other regions (49.9% versus 25.3 to 40.1% in other regions). Albuminuria was present within 6.6% of subjects with CKD, and it was found an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² within 13.3% of subjects wit h CKD. 18.9% had both criteria.

Conclusions
In Tunisia, CKD among diabetics had a prevalence of 38.7%, approaching European prevalence. The prevalence discrepancy worldwide of CKD can be improved with a larger population size and by implementing standardized practices.
Exploring medical students’ perceptions of individual and group-based clinical reasoning with virtual patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Gonullu Ipek , Bayazit Alper , Erden Sengul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundVirtual Patients are computer-based simulations used to teach and evaluate patient interviews, medical diagnoses, and treatment of medical conditions. It helps develop clinical reasoning skills, especially in undergraduate medical education. This study aimed to and investigate the medical students’ perceptions of individual and group-based clinical reasoning and decision-making processes by using Virtual Patients.MethodsThe study group comprised 24 third-year medical students. Body Interact®software was utilized as a VP tool. The students’ readiness and the courses’ learning goals were considered when choosing the scenarios. Semi-structured interview forms were employed for data collection. MAXQDA 2020 qualitative analysis software was used to analyze the data. The students’ written answers were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsThe participants perceived individual applications as beneficial when making clinical decisions with Virtual Patients, but they suggested that group-based applications used with the same cases immediately following individual applications were a more appropriate decision-making method. The results indicated that students learn to make decisions through trial and error, based on software scoring priorities, or using clinical reasoning protocols.ConclusionIn group-based reasoning, the discussion-conciliation technique is utilized. The students stated that the individual decision-making was advantageous because it provided students with the freedom to make choices and the opportunity for self-evaluation. On the other hand, they stated that the group based decision-making process activated their prior knowledge, assisted in understanding misconceptions, and promoted information retention. Medical educators need to determine the most appropriate method when using Virtual Patients, which can be structured as individual and/or group applications depending on the competency sought.