bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nervus rarus in Coelacanthiform Phytogeny
Authors: Bjerring Hans C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBjerring, H. C. (Section of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden). The nervus rarus in coelacanthiform phylogeny. Zool. Scripta 1(2): 57–68, 1972.–In the course of craniate vertebrate evolution the somatic motor portion of the second cranionerval segment probably became divided into two nerves, viz. the trochlear nerve and the rarus nerve. The rarus nerve, allied to the second‐metamere basicranial muscle, apparently migrated backwards from the middle to the posterior part of the evolving head. Devonian coelacanthiforms exhibit an endocranial passage indicating that the rarus nerve accompanied the glossopharyngeal nerve through the otic capsule; in contrast, in the Recent Latimeria, the corresponding nerve emerges from the endocranium somewhat further posteriorly in association with the vagus nerve. Within the evolutionary history of the coelacanthiforms, this backward displacement of the rarus nerve appears to be correlated with a progressive development of the second‐metamere basicranial muscle as well as with a number of changes in both the head skeleton and the brain.
Distribution of Cottus poecilopus Heckel and C. gobio L (Pisces) in Scandinavia
Authors: Andreasson Sten 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAndreasson. S. (Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Lund. Sweden.) Distribution of Cottus poecilopus Heckel and C. gobio L. (Pisces) in Scandinavia. Zool. Scripta 1(2): 69–78, 1972. –The distribution of the freshwater sculpins Cottus poecilopus Heckel and C. gobio L. in Scandinavia is presented. In southern Scandinavia there are rather defined limits between the species with C. poecilopus in the upper parts of the water courses and C. gobio in the lower reaches. There are few cases of sympatry. In northern Scandinavia there is a broad overlap and coexistence is common in the large rivers. The distribution pattern seems to be partly a result of an interaction between the species. In the South, the sharp limits are set by falls blocking the upstream dispersal of C. gobio thus indicating an exclusion of C. poecilopus in the lower reaches below the falls by the presence of C. gobio there. Where the species meet or overlap there is a habitat segregation.
The Anatomy of Oxypolella bergendali sp.n., a New Nemertine from the West Coast of Sweden
Authors: Cantell Carl‐Erik 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCantell, C.‐E. (Zoological Institute, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.) The anatomy of Oxypolella bergendali sp.n., a new nemertine from the west coast of Sweden. Zool. Scripta 1(2): 79–84, 1972. –Oxypolella bergendali sp.n. belonging to the family Baseodis‐cidae is described. It resembles Oxypolella alba Bergendal but differs in the structure of the proboscis and in the bulging of the cerebral organs into the lateral vessels. Oxypolella bergendali has several primitive features and can be regarded as intermediate between the Hubrechtia‐hke forms and the primitive lineids.
The Urus Female (Bos primigenius Boj.) from Slågarp, Southern Sweden
Authors: Ekman Jan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEkman, J. (Osteological Research Laboratory. University of Stockholm, Solna, Sweden.) The urus female (Bos primigenius Boj.) from Slâgurp, Southern Sweden. Zool. Scripta 1 (5): 203–205, 1972.– On the basis of measurements of an almost complete female urus skeleton from Slågarp, Scania, a discussion is given of the size and postglacial microevolution of the genus Bos within the Nordic area. This specimen from early postglacial time (first half of the Boreal period) turned out to be the smallest urus female hitherto known within this area. The teeth, however, are large. In a recent paper Degerbøl assumes that the urus had reached its lowest body‐size already during early postglacial times, and then remained constant, while the teeth gradually decreased in size. The results of the present investigation corroborate this theory. One explanation might be that the decrease in size of the teeth lagged behind that undergone by the body during late glacial times.
Studies onNipponnemertesFriedrich, 1968 (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini)
Authors: Berg Gunnar 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBerg, G. (Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.)Studies onNipponnemertesFriedrich, 1968 (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini). I. Redescription of Nipponnemertes pulcher(Johnston, 1837) with special reference to intraspecific variation of the taxonomical characters.Zool. Scripta 1 (5): 211–225, 1972.—Nipponnemertes pulcheris redescribed on the basis of a large number of specimens, and the use of shape and structure of the different organ systems as taxonomic criteria for the species is tested. On the basis of this description the species is transferred to the genusNipponnemertesFriedrich, 1968.
Koinocystididae de la région de Marseille (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia)
Authors: Brunet Michel 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBrunet, M. (Laboratoire de Biologie animale, Université de Provence, Marseille, France.) Koinocystididae de la région de Marseille (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia). Zool. Scripta 1 (3–4): 157–174, 1972.– Eleven koinocystidid species have been revealed after draggings in sandy infralittoral habitats mostly located in the gulf of Marseille. Three of these species, Utelga heinckei (Attems), Utsurus camarguensis Brunet and Acrumena massiliensis Brunet, have been described previously by the author, the remaining eight are concerned in this paper. (1) Utelga chelifera Karling and (2) ltaipusa karlingi Mack‐Fira are reported for the first time from the French coast. (3) Utelga vesicatula sp.n. is closely related to U. deina Marcus. (4) Utelga ace‐rosa sp.n. and (5) 17. similis sp.n. resemble each other very much and are obviously related to U. aculeata Ax. (6) Tenerrhynchus mag‐nus gen. et sp.n. is characterized by a long very muscular penial papilla and by the total absence of a bursa. (7) Paratenerrhynchus triplex gen. et sp.n. has a copuiatory organ consisting of two strong cuticular stylets in the shape of daggers, which open separately into the genital atrium on both sides of an unarmed ejaculatory duct. (8) Gnorimorhynchus dixiduus gen. et sp.n. with a cuticular copuiatory organ consisting of a tube‐stylet with a sickle‐shaped end; this tube has a proximal ring with about ten long flexible spines. The study ends with some remarks about the structure of the proboscis and the reproductive system in Koinocystididae.RésuméJusqu'ice inconnues des cōtes françaises, Utelga chelifera Karling, 1956, et Itaipusa karlingi Mack‐Fira, 1968, sont signalées pour la première fois dans la région marseillaise. Trois nouvelles espèces du genre Utelga Marcus sont décrites: U. vesicatula, proche de U. deina Marcus, 1949; U. acerosa et U. similis, espèces très voisines dont les rapports de parenté avec U. aculeata Ax, 1959, sont indiscutables. Trois genres nouveaux, monospécifiques, sont créés: Tenerrhynchus magnus gen. et sp. n., caractérisé par l'organe copulateur formant une longue papille péniale très musculeuse et par l'absence de toute formation bursale. Paratenerrhynchus triplex gen. et sp. n., qui possède un appareil de capulation constitué de deux forts poignards cuticulaires débouchant dans l'atrium génital, de part et d'autre et séparément d'un canal éjaculateur inerme; Gnorimorhynchus dividuus gen. et sp. n., qui présente une canule cuticulaire munie d'une forte collerette portant des longues épines souples et terminée par un segment falciforme. Quelques remarques sont faites à la fin de cette étude sur les structures de la trompe et de l'appareil reproducteur dans la famille des Koinocystididae.
On the Spiders Collected during the Swedish Expeditions to Novaya Zemlya and Yenisey in 1875 and 1876
Authors: Holm Åke 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe material collected in 1875 and determined by L. Koch has been revised. The material from 1876 has been determined and a list of 197 species from Russia, Novaya Zemlya and Siberia represented in the two collections is given and in addition 14 species collected by the 1875 expedition in Northern Norway. Hybauchenidium gen.n. of the fam. Erigonidae is established with Erigone aquilonaris L. Koch, 1879, as type species. Eboria sibirica sp.n. (Erigonidae), and Diplocephalus cristatus angustieeps subsp.n. (Erigonidae) are described. A list of the species described and recorded by L. Koch in 1879 with the actual names is given.
Montonepa gen.n. from India with Notes on the Genus Borborophyes Stål (Hemiptera‐Heteroptera, Nepidae)
Authors: Lansbury Ivor 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA new genus is erected for Borborophyes erutus Montandon using eye shape, metathoracic wing venation and antennal segmentation to distinguish Montonepa gen.n. from Borborophyes. A brief discussion is given on the value of these characters in relation to the closely related genus Lar:otrephes Stål.
Morphologie und Ultrastruktur des Hai‐ “Schmelzes”
Authors: Reif Wolf‐Ernst 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSharks at the cladodont and hybodont level (Paleozoic and Mesozoic) have blunt fangs and crushing teeth. These are covered by a thin sculptured uniform “enamel” cap, with a high compressive strength. The radiation of the modern sharks in the middle Mesozoic leads primarily to a broad spectrum of different sharks with a fang, or cutting tooth dentition. This radiation is accompanied by modifications of anatomical characters of the shark's body but also by the development of three new “enamel” types, which give the teeth bending and compressive strength.
On the Caudal Skeleton of Albula vulpes (L.) (Pisces, Teleostei)
Authors: Nybelin Orvar 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThree variations in the caudal skeleton of Albula vulpes (L.) are described and compared with earlier descriptions. The caudal skeleton of Albula is regarded as a primitive stage of the pleurostylar type, characteristic of clupeoids. This does not necessarily indicate close relationship with the clupeoids. A comparison with the Elopoidei, the caudal skeleton of which is considered a primitive stage of the stegural type, characteristic of some Sal‐monoidei, excludes in the opinion of the author the supposed close relationship between Albuloidei and Elopoidei.
Revision of the Arctic‐Atlantic Rissoidae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)
Authors: Warén Anders 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present paper contains a revision of the Arctic‐Atlantic Rissoidae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Twenty‐two species are recognized. Two new species, Alvania obliqua and Alvania pseudoareolata are described, both previously wrongly identified. One new genus, Frigidoalcania, is established with Rissoa janmayeni as type‐species.
Light Microscopical and Ultrastructural Organization of Muscles of Priapulus caudatus (Priapulida) and Their Responses to Drugs, with Phylogenetic Remarks
Authors: Mattisson Artur , Nilsson Stefan , Fänge Ragnar 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe muscle fibres of the marine invertebrate Priapulus caudatus (Priapulida) are obliquely striated. Thin and thick filaments and characteristic dyad structures were recognized. The ultrastructural organization shows more resemblances with that of arthropod muscles than with that of annelids or molluscs. Pharmacological studies show that the muscles are provided with “primitive” C 16 type of acetylcholine receptors. Tubocurarine, succinylcholine and decamethonium do not block the effect of acetylcholine but potentiate this. This remarkable response may be due to inhibition of choline esterase. No distinct structural or functional differences were observed between somatic and visceral muscles, but the rectum showed evidence of the presence of unspecific amine receptors. The pharmacological responses resemble in the main those known from various simply organized invertebrate phyla. The priapulids, as suggested by Lang in 1953, may te survivors of a very ancient animal group.
On the Fine Structure of Gastrotrichs with Description of Chordodasys antennatus sp.n.1
Authors: Rieger Reinhard M. , Ruppert Edward , Rieger Gunde E. , Schoepfer‐Sterrer Christiane 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Chordodasys antennatus sp.n. is described from sublittoral sediments off the US Atlantic Coast. This species has been also studied by transmission electron microscopy. The new species is particularly characterized by extremely enlarged sensory processes which have a segmented appearance. The fine‐structure of the chordoid organ, characteristic of the genus Chordodasys, has been studied in both known species of this genus. According to this investigation the chordoid organ consists of plate‐like muscle cells, surprisingly similar to the notochord of Amphi‐oxus. Particular emphasis has been made in this study to elucidate the fine structure of the body cavity and the system of lateral and central chambers as described by Remane in 1936. The electron micrographs substantiate the fact that gastrotrichs exhibit an acoelomate construction of their body cavity. The systematic position of the new species and the genus Chordodasys is discussed in the light of the new ultrastruc‐tural information.
Scientific Report on the Belgian Expedition to The Great Barrier Reef in 1967. Nematodes V Observations on Desmoscolex (Nematoda, Desmoscolecida) with description of three new species
Authors: Decraemer Wilfrida 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThree new species of Desmoscolex, found in samples from Yonge Reef, Lizard Island, Nymphe Island and between One Tree Isles and Wistari Reef are described: D. australiens sp.n., characterized by the head‐shape with naked semi‐circular anterior part, by the jointed cephalic setae inserted close to the anterior extremity and by the shape of the gubernaculum with less sclerotized proximal part; D. membranosas sp.n. close to D. granulatus Decraemer, 1974, but differing from it by the presence of a partly disconnected circumoral membrane and by the oval amphids not reaching the extreme anterior end; D. yongei sp.n. resembling D. americanus Chitwood, 1936, but differing from it by the longer and more slender spicules, by the presence of fine spines on the secondary rings, by the head‐shape without a truncated anterior end and by the almost circular amphids.
Study on Relationships between Habits and External Structures in Oligotrophidi Larvae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Sylvén Edvard 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRelationships between larval habits and external structures in last instar larvae in the Oligotrophidi were studied. More than one hundred species distributed among approx. 25 genera were examined. For comparison, literature records of larval habits and structural features referring to other taxonomic categories of gall midges were also evaluated. – The external larval morphology in the Oligotrophidi seems in several respects to be more specialized in various species whose larvae are solitary or are pupating regularly on the host plant than in the great majority of species with gregarious larvae pupating in the soil. Thus, the lateral papillae on the thorax and the ventral papillae on the abdominal segment 8 show a reduced pattern mainly in species whose larvae are solitary. Generally, species pupating in the soil possess a well‐developed spatula sternalis while various species with solitary larvae regularly pupating on the host plant show a more or less transformed spatula or no spatula at all. Mamelons on the ventral body side, probably organs facilitating locomotion, are conspicuous in most species pupating in the soil but small or lacking in many species with solitary larvae pupating on the host plant. Another difference, a body which is less elongated in several species showing solitary habits than in the remaining species studied in the present context, is possibly also connected with the mode of life. – Gall midges of other taxonomic categories of a higher rank show similar tendencies, as regards both the lateral papillae and the spatula sternalis. However, there seems to be no clear correlation between larval habits and the pattern of ventral papillae on the abdominal segment 8. Definite figures relating to mamelons or body shape in these midges are not available. – The study also yielded many examples of a large intra‐specific variation in some external structures of the larvae. In many cases this variation considerably delimits the possibilities of finding consistent distinguishing characteristics at species level.
A Reexamination of the Arachnid Theory on the Origin of Vertebrata
Authors: Løvtrup Søren 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA method of phylogenetic classification, based on Hennig's theory of cladism and Sokal and Sneath's theory of numerical taxonomy, is outlined. The necessity of using non‐morphological characters in superphyletic classification is argued. It is suggested that the vertebrates arose from members of the annelid superphylum, an alternative implied by the Arachnid theory advocated by Gaskell and Patten. A testing of this theory by reference to non‐morphological characters corroborates the affiliation between Vertebrata and the annelid superphyium, but the available data do not warrant a definite answer as concerns the theory.
Species of Turbellaria Acoela in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, with Remarks on Their Anatomy, Taxonomy and Distribution
Authors: Dörjes Jürgen , Karling Tor G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Turbellaria Acoela in the collection of slides in the Swedish Museum of Natural History have been subject to reexamination considering new taxonomic principles. In a list of 101 species contributions are given to the anatomy, taxonomy, distribution and habitats of the species. The list is at the same time a catalogue of the types in the collection. The main part of the species have been described in several papers by Einar Westblad and Ernst Marcus.
Haplopoma sciaphilum sp.n., a Cave‐Living Bryozoan from the Skagerrak and the Mediterranean
Authors: Silén Lars , Harmelin Jean‐Georges 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSilén, L. (Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, S‐113 86 Stockholm, Sweden) and Harmelin, J.‐G. Haplopoma sciaphilum sp.n., a cave‐lining bryozoan from the Skagerrak and the Mediterranean. Zool. Scr. 5 (2): 61–66, 1976.—Haplopoma sciaphilum sp.n. is described from submarine caves or cave‐like habitats at the west coast of Sweden and in the Marseille and Adriatic regions. Its morphological characters are very stable and identical within the wide area of distribution. Only the zooid size varies considerably, a variation apparently connected with temperature: the size decreases distinctly from the cold waters of the Skagerrak to the less cold Adriatic locality and even more to the warm localities of Provence. It is the only member of the genus known to be sexually dimorph, a phenomenon found as well in the genus Celle‐porella belonging to the same family, Hippothoidae.
On Some Aradidae from the Old and New World (Hemiptera‐Heteroptera)
Authors: Kormilev Nicholas A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractKormilev, N. A. (84–05 89th Street, Woodhaven, N.Y. 11421, USA). On some Aradidae from the Old and New World (Hemiptera‐Heteroptera). Zool. Scr. 5 (2): 67–78, 1976. — The author proposes and describes the following new taxa: Aradus malaisei sp.n. and A. burmensis sp.n. (both from Burma); Calisiopsis planiceps sp.n. (Brasil, S. Catarina); Aneurus burmensis sp.n. (Burma); A. brevirostris sp.n. (Malaya, Perak); A. ampliatus sp.n. (East Africa); Kiritshenkiana furconotata gen.n., sp.n. (Malaya, Perak) Apteraradus similis sp.n. (Malaya, Perak); Camerarius armigerus sp.n. (Malaya, Perak); Artabanus bellicosus sp.n. (Malaya, Perak); Arictus grandis sp.n. (Malaya, Perak); Neuroctenus burmensis sp.n. (Burma); N. perssoni sp.n. (Burma); Notapictinus plaumanni sp.n. (Brasil, S. Catarina); Mezira brasiliensis sp.n. (Brasil, S. Catarina); Mezira (Zemira) incognita sp.n. (Patria ignota); Chrysodaspis armatus sp.n. (Malaya, Perak); C. aurivillii sp.n. (Patria ignota). For two of the species the locality is unknown (patria ignota) but they were collected during a journey to Java and adjacent islands. Key to the species of Calisiopsis Champion, 1898, is given.
Taxonomic Problems in Parthenogenetic Animals
Authors: Enghoff Henrik 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEnghoff, H. (Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, DK‐2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.) Taxonomic problems in parthenogenetic animals. Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 103–104, 1976.—The species concept in parthenogenetic animals is discussed. In addition to the absence of interbreeding in thelytoky (constant obligatory parthenogenesis), polyphyly of thelytokous forms is emphasized as a complicating factor. It is concluded that a holomorphological but not a biological species concept may be applied to certain thelytokous forms. Practical consequences of the absence of males in thelytokous forms are also touched on, as is degenerative variability of atavistic males and female copulatory organs. Finally, it is recommended that the subspecies category should never be applied to thelytokous taxa.
Structural Plans as Functional Models Exemplified by the Crustacea Malacostraca
Authors: Dahl Erik 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDahl, E. (Zoological Institute, University of Lund, S‐223 62 Lund, Sweden.) Structural plans as functional models exemplified by the Crustacea Malacostraca. Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 163–166, 1976.—The structural plans of higher taxa also represent integrated functional model systems which may be of value in dealing with evolutionary and phylogenetic problems. The model concept is tested on the Crustacea Malacostraca. Their origin and interrelationships are discussed, and a new alternative for their derivation is presented for criticism and comparison with previous hypotheses.
Problems and Methods in Current Research on Collembola Systematics
Authors: Fjellberg Arne 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFjellberg, A. (Zoological Museum, N‐5014 Bergen, Norway.) Problems and methods in current research on Collembola syslematics. Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 167–169, 1976.—The morphological variability of the individual caused by ecomorphosis, cyclomorphosis and epitoky is discussed. Information from studies on life cycles, habitat selection and behaviour is found to be useful in the systematic work. A few examples of phylogenetic studies on Collembola are given.
The Use of Isoenzymes in Tracing Evolution and in Classifying Drosophilidae
Authors: Lakovaara Seppo , Saura Anssi , Lankinen Pekka , Pohjola Liisa , Lokki Juhani 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLakovaara, S. (Department of Genetics, University of Oulu, SF‐90100 Oulu 10, Finland), Saura, A., Lankinen, P., Pohjola, Liisa and Lokki, J. The use of isoenzymes in tracing evolution and in classifying Drosophilidae. Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 173–179, 1976.—Studies on the genetic constitution of natural populations of organisms have shown that these populations are extensively polymorphic at gene loci coding for enzymes. Much of this polymorphism detected by electrophoresing enzyme proteins is, however, not useful in classifying organisms, even though in general species differ from each other more than populations within a species. Good diagnostic characters are monomorphic species‐specific genes and their products. Finding these characters requires a thorough study of many populations of the species being studied. Once these characters have been found they can be used in assigning single individuals into different taxa. Electrophoresis of enzymes and allozyme differences between species can also be used in tracing the evolution of organisms. On the basis of allozymes a new phylogeny is proposed for the Drosophila obscura species group. Traditionally this group has been divided into two subgroups, obscura and affinis. Genetic characters divide this species group into three evolutionary lineages. The first lineage comprises the Eurasian obscura subgroup, the second the American affinis subgroup and the third the American obscura subgroup. D. alpina and D, helvetica, which belong to the obscura and affinis subgroups, respectively, are not appreciably related to any other species.