bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. I. Alloreactive and allorestricted cytotoxic T cells
Authors: Reimann Jorg , Heeg Klaus , Miller Richard G. , Wagner Hermann 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNylon wool‐nonadherent spleen cells from three inbred mouse strains of H‐2k (CBA), H‐2d (BALB/c) and H‐2b (C57BL/6) haplotype were co‐cultured with 2,4,6‐ trinitro‐ phenyl (TNP)‐ modified or nonmodified allogeneic stimulator cells in a limiting dilution system. Using a recently described restimulation protocol, a surprisingly large number of splenic cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors (CLP) was clonally expanded in this primary in vitro response to allo ‐ H‐2 plus TNP determinants; measured CLP frequencies ranged from 1/30 to 1/300. The lytic specificity patterns of individual microcultures (selected for a high probability of clonality) were defined by split well analysis, and were furthermore followed up in time by sequentially reassaying microcultures at different time points of in vitro incubation. This analysis revealed the following: (a) a large fraction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones lysed TNP‐modified but not nonmodified all ogeneic concanavalin A blast targets, i.e., were alloiestricted; (b) this was found in all 6 allogeneic strain combinations set up with b, k and d haplotype mice; (c) allorestricted lytic patterns predominated in microcultures with low numbers of responder cells per well, and at late time points of in vitro culture; (d) allorestricted lytic cultures were specific for the stimulating allogeneic H‐2 plus T NP determinant(s); and (e) allorestricted lytic patterns were also found in microcultures stimulated by nonmodified allogeneic cells. To our knowledge, these are the highest CLP frequencies yet reported in limiting dilution systems that used a specific (re)stimulation protocol and measured the lytic responses obtained in a specificity‐ controlled readout.
Interferon gamma produced by mitogen‐activated T lymphocytes does not directly mediate lymphoproliferation
Authors: Wilkinson Miles , Morris Alan , Leung Helen , Crane Isabel , Meager Anthony 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) endogenously produced during mitogenic stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or human T lymphocyte‐enriched cultures was neutralized in situ by the addition of a polyclonal antiserum (anti‐L) raised in a rabbit against partially purified natural IFN‐γ derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Small decreases in mitogen‐induced [3H]thymidine incorporation (lymphoproliferation) were demonstrated under these conditions. However, an antiserum (anti‐G) raised in a sheep against highly purified recombinant IFN‐γ (E. coli‐derived) which strongly neutralized the antiviral effect of IFN‐γ either had little effect on mitogen‐induced lymphoproliferation or caused slight enhancement of mitogenesis. The interleukin 2 responsiveness of activated T lymphocytes following mitogenic stimulation was not found to be different in the presence of anti‐G to that of control cultures incubated in the presence of normal sheep serum. These results suggest that IFN‐γ is not a direct requirement for lymphoproliferation.
Suppression induction in vivo by a T helper clone?
Authors: Crise I. Nicholas , Owens Trevor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have previously described a helper T cell clone which augments in vivo cytotoxic T cell responses when injected at 104 cells per mouse, but not at 105 per mouse (Crispe, I. N. et al., Immunology 1984. 52: 55.). To test whether this dose‐response relationship was due to the induction of suppression, naive syngeneic mice were injected with lo5 cloned T helper cells, and their spleen cells were subsequently assayed for suppressive activity in adoptive transfer experiments. Lymphocytes from such mice indeed suppressed an antigen‐specific cytotoxic response, but only in the presence of the same T helper cell clone freshly added at the time of adoptive transfer. On this basis we argue that the distinction between T helper cell activity and T suppressor‐inducer activity corresponds to differences in cell numbers, rather than to two separate cell lineages.
The large sialoglycoprotein of human lymphocytes. I. Distribution on T and B lineage cells as revealed by a monospecific chicken antibody
Authors: Axelsson Bernt , Hammarström Sten , Robertsson Eva‐Stina , Åman Pierre , Perlmann Peter , Mellstedt Hákan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChickens were immunized with highly purified large sialoglycoprotein of human lymphocytes (L‐LSGP; gp 150) which was isolated from neuraminidase‐treated normal peripheral blood lymphocytes by affinity chromatography to HP‐Sepharose and further purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antibodies isolated from plasma and egg yolk were highly specific for desialylated L‐ LSGP (apparent molecular mass ∼ 150 kDa). The antigenic sites recognized by the antibodies are probably located in the peptide moiety of the molecule since antibody binding to lymphocytes was not inhibited by a variety of different sugars or abrogated by absorption on various erythrocytes.In immunofluorescence experiments, ⩾ 75% of neuraminidase‐treated thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes, virtually all E+ cells and T4+ or T8+ T chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells were stained by anti‐gp150. A small fraction (∼ 10%) of thymocytes and a larger fraction (⩾ 30%) of T CLL cells in some patients were stained before neuraminidase treatment. Thymocytes appear to contain considerably lower amounts of a less sialylated form of L‐LSGP than peripheral blood lymphocytes. In contrast to blast cells of 5‐day concanavalin A or leucoagglutinin cultures (⩾ 90% anti‐gpl50+) only about 50% of the blast cells generated in 5‐day mixed leukocyte cultures were anti‐gpl50+. The large majority (⩾ 75%) of both the anti‐gpl50+ and anti‐gpl50− cells were T3+ and T11+.About 25% of neuraminidase‐treated B cells in normal adult blood and in umbilical cord blood were stained in immunofluorescence using chicken anti‐gpl50. Of the cell lines, 0/2 with progenitor B cell phenotype (Epstein‐Barr virus‐transformed fetal liver cells), 3/5 populations exhibiting a pre‐B cell phenotype, 2/2 of somewhat later maturation and 1/3 myeloma lines were anti‐gpl50+ when stained after neuraminidase treatment. Biopsies from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders similarly showed that 7/7 CLL populations and 2/2 bone marrow biopsies obtained from multiple myeloma patients were anti‐gpl50+, whereas prolymphocytic leukemia cells were anti‐gpl50−. We propose therefore that gp150 may be associated with a separate lineage of B cells rather than expressed during the early stages of maturation.L‐LSGP was not found on peripheral blood monocytes, granulocytes, platelets or erythrocytes. Rabbit, rat and mouse lymphocytes appear to contain a glycoprotein very similar to human L‐LSGP. It is probably a conservative molecule showing very little species specificity in mammals.It is suggested that one important role of L‐LSGP may be to maintain cell integrity during the circulatory life of the lymphocyte.
T lymphocyte function during experimental Chagas' disease: production of and response to interleukin 2
Authors: Harel‐Bellan Annick , Joskowicz Mireille , Fradelizi Didier , Eisen Harvey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInfection of mice with Trypanosoma cruzi results in a severe immunosuppression, accompanied by the appearance of autoimmune symptoms. We have previously shown that proliferation and interleukin 2 production by concanavalin A‐stimulated T cells from infected mice is severely depressed. In this study we show that at least two phenomena are responsible for this depression. First, mixing experiments showed the existence, in spleens of infected animals, of adherent, Thy‐1‐negative and radioresistant suppressor cells. Second, studies of enriched T cell populations and analysis of precursors by limiting dilution showed that the T cell compartment itself was impaired in infected animals: responses of enriched T cells, even when reconstituted with normal accessory cells, reached only 40% of those obtained with normal uninfected mice.
A clonal analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes displaying natural killer‐like activity
Authors: Roberts Kevan , Moore Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman Fcγ receptor‐bearing lymphocytes and T cells, prepared by sorting peripheral blood lymphocytes using the B73.1 monoclonal antibody, have been cloned by limiting dilution. Although quiescent lymphocytes of either cell type were unresponsive to interleukin 2 (IL2), following induction with phytohemagglutinin and/or the BSM B lymphoblastoid cell line they could be expanded in IL2 utilizing a mixed irradiated feeder system.Clones originating from B73.1+ lymphocytes displayed a characteristic large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology but were otherwise functionally and phenotypically heterogeneous. Of 36 clones analyzed 19 displayed significant natural killer (NK)‐like activity, each clone having a target cell repertoire identical to uncloned NK effectors. Furthermore, only a minority of clones (i.e. 5) displayed significant antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, while levels of lectin‐induced cellular cytotoxicity were normally commensurate with a clones level of NK‐like activity. No correlation was evident between the phenotype of a clone and its cytotoxic activity since of 12 cytotoxic clones phenotyped, 8 expressed the OKT3 antigen but lacked the B73.1 antigen; 2 lacked the OKT3 antigen but expressed the B73.1 antigen and one lacked both OKT3 and B73.1 antigens. In addition the expression of OKT8 and OKT4 antigens was not in any way predictive of the cytotoxic capacity of a given clone. Several clones expressing T cell associated antigens bore a phenotype that distinguished them from T cell clones insofar as T cell subset antigens were expressed in the absence of the OKT3 antigen and vice versa.Although prior to culture NK activity was restricted to B73.1+ lymphocytes, B73.1− lymphocytes propagated in IL2 acquired an NK‐like cytotoxic capacity. Cloned effectors of B73.1− provenance with NK‐like activity had a target cell repertoire indistinguishable from uncloned effectors. All T cell clones appeared agranular and were phenotypically much less diverse than their LGL counterparts, being OKT3+ and either OKT8+ or OKT4+.These data suggest that cells with NK‐like activity are broadly reactive with a number of NK‐susceptible targets, possibly recognizing a common determinant. However, cloned LGL display phenotypic heterogeneity with preferential expression of early hematopoietic and/or T cell antigens. Consequently, the antigen profile of many clones was uncharacteristic of resting LGL. Such observations support the contention that LGL attributed with NK‐like activity are heterogeneous with a majority acquiring T cell‐like characteristics after appropriate induction.
In vivo self‐reactivity of mononuclear cells to T cells and macrophages exposed to HgCl2
Authors: Pelletier Lucette , Pasquier Régine , Hirsch François , Sapin Catherine , Druet Philippe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMercuric chloride induces in Brown‐Norway rats a polyclonal activation of B cells resulting in a lymphoproliferation and in the production of autoantibodies. Experiments were performed to test the role of cells modified by HgCl2 in the induction of B cell proliferation by using the popliteal lymph node assay. Spleen cells, T cells and peritoneal macrophages exposed in vivo or in vitro to HgCl2 induced a proliferation of T and B cells in the draining popliteal lymph node. Spleen cells from Lewis rats who received HgCl2 were ineffective. These data suggest that modified cells could trigger autologous lymphocyte subsets and be responsible for autoimmunity induced by HgCl2.
Genetic and stimulatory cell type requirements for inducing class I major histocompatibility complex alloantigen‐specific in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity
Authors: Mizoguchi Kenji , Nakashima Izumi , Isobe Ken‐Ichi , Ando Ko‐Ich , Nagase Fumihiko , Kato Nobuo , Kawashima Kohei , Shimokata Kaoru , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrent interpretation based on analytical in vitro works that actions of Ia antigens and accessory cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are crucial for inducing cytotoxic T cell responses to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloan‐tigens has been challenged by experiments performed in a newly developed system handling in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity. We first characterized the transplantation immunity for second‐set rejection of ascitic tumor allografts as principally induced by allogeneic stimulator cells via direct pathway, and as exclusively mediated by class I MHC alloantigen‐specific in vivo cytotoxic T cell activity. By comparison of activities of limiting effective doses (104‐105 cells per mouse) of various stimulator cells in this defined system, we could demonstrate that genetic disparity at the D region of H‐2 to the recipient is just enough for inducing the immunity, and presence of allogeneic or syngeneic Ia antigens in addition to H‐2D alloantigens on stimulator cells does not give any premium effect. Further study revealed that allogeneic peritoneal cells rich in macrophages or glass‐adherent spleen cells enriched for dendritic cells are not stronger stimulators than allogeneic adherent cell‐depleted spleen cells and semiallogeneic thymocytes. These results fit with the alternative concept that the physiological pathway inducing in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity for graft rejection entirely depends on class I MHC antigens on live lymphocytes as self‐supported stimulators, and does not crucially involve additional stimulator activities of Ia antigens and special accessory cell types, which must be in vivo concerned with induction of other types of transplantation immunity.
Production and characterization of monoclonal anti‐Thy‐1 antibodies that stimulate lymphokine production by cytolytic T cell clones
Authors: MacDonald H. Robson , Bron Claude , Rousseaux Marga , Horvath Clothilde , Cerottini Jean‐Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an effort to derive monoclonal antibodies (mAb) which can induce production of macrophage‐activating factor (MAF) by cloned murine cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines, we have fused spleen cells from a rat immunized with a CTL clone with the nonsecreting mouse myeloma X63‐Ag8.653. Three mAb (designated I‐22, III‐5 and V‐8) were found to stimulate MAF production by the immunizing CTL clone and (with a single exception) two other unrelated CTL clones. However, none of these mAb inhibited the cytolytic activity of the clones. Immunoprecipitation studies indicated that the three mAb reacted primarily with a 25‐30‐kDa protein which could not be distinguished from that precipitated by either a reference anti‐Thy‐1.2 mAb or a polyclonal rabbit anti‐Thy‐1 antiserum. Moreover, competition binding experiments demonstrated that the three mAb competed with each other and with the reference anti‐Thy‐1.2 mAb. Flow cytofluorometric analysis of the strain distribution of the molecules defined by the mAb revealed that two of the antibodies (I‐22 and III‐5) were directed against nonpolymorphic determinants of Thy‐1, whereas V‐8 mAb reacted only with Thy‐1.2+ lymphocytes. One of the mAb (III‐5) was also able to stimulate proliferation and interleukin 2 secretion by normal splenic T cells. Since mAb directed against a number of other surface structures on CTL clones did not stimulate MAF production, it thus appears that Thy‐1 (or molecules associated with Thy‐1) may play a functional role in T lymphocyte triggering.
Association between the human thymic differentiation antigens T6 and TS
Authors: Snow Peter M. , Van de Rijn Matthijs , Terhorst Cox 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe human T lymphocyte cell surface antigen T8 has been found to be associated on thymocytes with a protein of 46 kDa through disulfide bridges. Analysis by isoelectric focusing, and of peptides obtained by limited proteolysis and chemical cleavage dem‐ onstrated that this 46‐kDa protein was the cell surface antigen T6, which is expressed on cortical thymocytes. The findings are discussed in the context of the importance of the T8 and T6 molecules in thymic differentiation.
Lambda light chain constant and variable gene complements in wild‐derived inbred mouse strains
Authors: Kindt Thomas J. , Gris Carine , Guenet J. Louis , Bonhomme Frangois , Cazenave Pierre‐André 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious investigations of lambda light (L) chains in wild‐derived inbred (WDI) mouse strains revealed large variations in serum levels of this L chain type as well as differences in antibody responses in which λ chains predominate. In the present study a diverse group of WDI strains was analyzed by Southern blot analysis using probes for Vλ, Cλ1 and Cλ2 genes in an attempt to correlate the complement of λ genes present in these strains with their λ expression and with their taxonimic classification. All strains studied had two or three DNA sequences that strongly hybridized with a Vλ probe derived from BALB/c; most strains had Vλ, sequences on restriction fragments similar in size to Vλ1 and Vλ2, sequences from BALB/c. Comparison of Cλl and Cλ2genes in WDI mice to those of BALB/c revealed extensive variation both in number of hybridizing fragments and in their sizes. There were no obvious correlations observed between Cλ and Vλ patterns obtained for mouse strains of any phylogenetic group suggesting that constant and variable regions of lambda have evolved indepen‐ dently. In contrast to variations found for Cλ, a single kappa constant region gene appears to be conserved throughout the various mouse species.
Effect of thymulin on intracellular cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins E2 in peanut agglutinin‐ fractionated thymocytes
Authors: Rinaldi‐Garaci Cristina , Jezzi Teresa , Baldassarre Anna Maria , Dardenne Mireille , Bach Jean‐Frangois , Garaci Enrico 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) and other selected agents which elevate intracellular cyclic AMP (CAMP) levels have been demonstrated to induce the appearance of surface markers in immature T lymphocytes. Thymic hormones, which are the natural induc‐ers of these markers, have long been hypothesized to act through the increase of CAMP levels. We have approached this area of investigation by studying the effects of thymulin (a serum thymus‐derived factor, coupled with Zinc) on intracellular cAMP and cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels (expressed as cAMP/cGMP ratio) and on the release of PGEz in different thymocyte subpopulations. Thymocytes were fractionated by the peanut agglutinin (PNA) technique into cortical immature PNA+ and medullary mature PNA− thymocytes. The data presented in this report show that thymulin is able to increase the cAMP/cGMP ratio in PNA+ and in unfractionated thymocytes, depending on its concentration, but not in PNA− thymic cells. Conversely, it is able to increase the release of PGEz by PNA− thymocytes but not by PNA+ and unfractionated thymic lymphocytes. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that thymu‐ lin could act through different mechanisms depending on the differentiation stage of its target cells. In fact, it could be suggested that immature T cells could be activated by thymulin thereby increasing the cAMP/cGMP ratio, whereas more mature T cells would be further differentiated by thymulin through enhanced release of PGE2.
Murine monoclonal antibodies and human alloantisera specific for HLA inhibit monocyte phagocytosis of anti‐D‐sensitized human red blood cells
Authors: Neppert Jürgen , Marquard Felix , Mueller‐Eckhardt Christian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence is presented that monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against some human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products and human sera containing HLA antibodies strongly inhibit immune phagocytosis of anti‐D‐sensitized red blood cells by human monocytes. w6.32HL, a mAb against a monomorphic class I antigen of high cell surface density, revealed the strongest inhibition among mAb reactive with MHC class I products. mAb with preferential reactivity for monomorphic and polymorphic DR and DQ epitopes (L203, L227, IIIE3, Tü22, Genox 3.53 and IV12) were noninhibitory. Definite inhibition was also apparent with a mAb against DRw52/MT2 (I‐LR2) and with an antibody to class II antigens of high cell surface density (2MC3). Human sera containing HLA antibodies showed strong inhibition of immune phagocytosis up to a dilution of 1/1000. This inhibition could not be abrogated by platelet absorption.This indicates that human sera inhibiting immune phagocytosis may comprise at least two types of antibodies: cytotoxic HLA‐specific antibodies which may or may not be inhibitory, and inhibitory antibodies against monocytic antigens not necessarily cytotoxic. These latter antibodies may recognize HLA DR or another as yet unde‐ fined gene product within, or closely associated to, the human MHC.
Immune response against poly(Glu60, Ala30, Tyr10) (GAT): immunization with monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibodies leads to the predominant stimulation of idiotypically similar immunoglobulins with anti‐GAT activity
Authors: Roth Claude , Sommé Gerard , Schiff Claudine , Thèze Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibodies (HP‐Id2o and HP‐Id22) recognizing two different public idiotopes expressed in the anti‐poly(Glu60, Ala30, Tyr10) (GAT) response were used to immunize BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. From these animals hybridomas were isolated. From BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice eight and seven monoclonal antibodies were characterized, respectively. The reagents were classified according to the expression of the public idiotypic specificity p. GAT (recognized by a rabbit antiserum). The anti‐GAT activity and the expression of the various idiotopes characterized on anti‐GAT polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were also studied. Most of the reagents are Ab1′‐type of antibody resembling anti‐GAT antibodies. One anti‐anti‐idiotypic monoclonal antibody (Ab3) was also isolated from BALB/c mice. This suggests that in this experimental model the repertoire induced after HP‐Id immunization and antigen stimulation is comparable. The idiotypic analysis of a large number of anti‐GAT and of Ab1′ monoclonal antibodies suggests that only two public idiotopes are involved in the anti‐GAT response.
Interleukin 2 induces T cell‐dependent IgM production in human B cells
Authors: Sauerwein Robert W. , van der Meer Walter G. J. , Dräger Angelika , Aarden Lucien A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConditioned medium, obtained from mononuclear cells after activation with concanavalin A and phorbol myristate acetate, strongly stimulated the in vitro production of IgM by human mononuclear cells. Partial purification by gel filtration showed that this activity co‐eluted with interleukin 2 (IL2). Via removal by adsorption and further purification by chromatofocusing techniques, it was demonstrated that the factor in this conditioned medium, responsible for the IgM production, was in fact IL 2. Experiments with purified IL 2 from the human IL2‐producing Jurkat cell line as well as recombinant IL2 confirmed its capacity to induce IgM production. In the absence of T cells, IL2 could not activate Ig synthesis, suggesting an indirect effect of IL2 in the induction of the helper signals for B cells. Evidence is presented that partially purified conditioned medium contained another factor, distinct from IL2, with the capacity to differentiate human B lymphocytes in the absence of T cells into IgM‐producing cells.