bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance and the underlife: Informal written literacies and their relationship to human information behavior
Authors: Trace Ciaran B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article presents findings from a research study (Trace, 2004) that looked at a particular aspect of human information behavior: children's information creation in a classroom setting. In the portion of the study described here, naturalism and ethnomethodology are used as theoretical frameworks to investigate informal documents as an information genre. Although previous studies have considered the role of informal documents within the classroom, little sustained attention has been paid to pre‐adolescents, particularly in terms of how they create unofficial or vernacular literacies both to navigate their growing awareness of the formal (albeit sometimes “hidden”) curriculum and, on occasion, to subvert it, positing an alternative economy that itself can be “hidden” via surreptitious use of informal documents. Making explicit the ties that exist between these objects and the worlds in which they are embedded demonstrates that informal documents hold a particular relevance for children within this social context (Garfinkel & Bittner, 1999). Furthermore, this article demonstrates that an ethnomethodologically informed viewpoint of information creation brings a level of dignity and determination to an individual's human information behavior, allowing us to appreciate the human ability to recontextualize or reenvisage sanctioned or official information genres to meet our own needs and purposes.
The structure of Web‐based information systems satisfaction: Testing of competing models
Authors: Cheung Christy M.K. , Lee Matthew K.O. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractUser satisfaction has become one of the most important measures of the success or effectiveness of information systems (IS). In the current study, the dimensionality of Web‐based information systems (WIS) satisfaction was first examined. Two composite latent variable models with factor‐order structures were then empirically tested and compared to describe the relationships among observable variables concerned with WIS satisfaction. Using data from a sample of 515 university students, a third‐order composite latent variable model was retained based on statistical and theoretical criteria. At the third‐order level, WIS satisfaction is determined by two second‐order constructs: Web information satisfaction and Web system satisfaction. Web information satisfaction is determined by understandability, reliability, and usefulness, while Web system satisfaction is determined by access, usability, and navigation. Overall, the model provides a good fit to the data and is theoretically valid, reflecting logical consistency. Implications of the current investigation for practice and research are provided.
Percentage of high‐grade carcinoma as a prognostic indicator in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Serrano Maria F. , Katz Matthew , Yan Yan , Kibel Adam S. , Humphrey Peter A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The prognostic value of Fuhrman nuclear grade for patients with renal cell carcinoma has been well‐characterized. However, to the authors' knowledge, the prognostic significance of the amount of high‐grade renal cell carcinoma has not been previously analyzed.METHODS.The authors identified 898 consecutive renal cell carcinoma cases treated with nephrectomy between 1989 and 2003. Histopathologic features that were captured based on re‐review of all slides included histologic type, pathologic stage, conventional Fuhrman grade, and percentage of Fuhrman grade 3 and 4 carcinoma, as ascertained by visual inspection of histologic slides. The clinical endpoints were metastasis‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival.RESULTS.Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated that both conventional Fuhrman grading and the percentage of Fuhrman grade 3 and 4 carcinoma were highly correlated with all 3 measures of patient survival (P < .0001). The creation of 3 categories of the percentage of Fuhrman grade 3 and 4 carcinoma (0%, 1–50%, and 51–100%) generated distinctly separate survival curves. On Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis, TNM stage, tumor size, and the percentage of Fuhrman grade 3 and 4 carcinoma were all found to be significantly associated with all 3 types of patient survival (all P values <.05).CONCLUSIONS.The determination of the percentage of renal cell carcinoma that is 0%, 1% to 50%, or 51% to 100% high Fuhrman grade 3 and 4 is a simple and powerful measurement of patient outcome after surgery that provides additional prognostic information beyond stage, tumor size, and conventional Fuhrman grade. This prognostic information could be useful in the stratification of patients into prognostic groups for the development of more individualized follow‐upschedules and for enrollment into clinical trials. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Young age may predict a better outcome for children with diffuse pontine glioma
Authors: Broniscer Alberto , Laningham Fred H. , Sanders Robert P. , Kun Larry E. , Ellison David W. , Gajjar Amar 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Because diffuse pontine glioma (DPG) is rare among young children, the outcome of affected patients is unknown.METHODS.The authors reviewed clinical and radiologic characteristics of all children aged <3 years with DPG who were evaluated at their institution. Inclusion followed standard magnetic resonance imaging criteria for the diagnosis of DPG.RESULTS.The median age at diagnosis in 10 patients was 2.2 years (range, 0.8–2.7 years). The median interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 2.5 months. All patients presented with cranial nerve palsy with (n = 7) or without (n = 3) other neurologic deficits attributable to brainstem involvement. All patients had pons‐based tumors involving >50% of this brainstem segment. Histologic confirmation was attempted in 2 patients who had atypical radiologic features at diagnosis. Four patients initially were observed only. All patients received therapy, which consisted of radiation therapy (RT) (n = 2), RT and chemotherapy (n = 6), or chemotherapy only (n = 2). Four patients died of tumor progression after a median of 0.7 years (range, 0.5–3.7 years). Six patients have survived for a median of 2.3 years (range, 0.9–8 years). The 3‐year progression‐free and overall survival rates were 45% ± 19% and 69% ± 19%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS.Children aged <3 years with DPG potentially may fare better than older patients with the same diagnosis despite the use of similar therapy. The current results suggested that DPG in younger children may be distinct biologically from similar tumors in older age groups. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Local circuitry in the anterior caudal lobe of the mormyrid cerebellum: A study of intracellular recording and labeling
Authors: Zhang Yueping , Han Phil F. , Han Victor Z. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSagittal view of a Purkinje cell with symmetric dendritic tree from the anterior caudal lobe of the cerebellum of a mormyrid fish (Gnathonemus petersii). The cell was filled with neurobiotin in an in vitro slice preparation and tracer was revealed with red fluorescent dye. Nissl counterstaining is shown in green. The cell was photographed from a slice of 200 μm using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The cell body is located in the anterior border with the eminentia granularis anterior (upper right), and the axon was cut, probably projecting to the brainstem (for details see text). The dendritic tree is planar, extending for 500x700 μm in the sagittal plane, but only for 110 μm (optical thickness) medio‐laterally. Two smooth primary dendrites arise from the soma and give off secondary and tertiary branches irregularly in the molecular region. The dendrites become thinner and more spiny as they extend further from the cell body. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:1–22, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils
Authors: Figueiredo A. Cristina , Barroso José G. , Pedro Luis G. , Scheffer Johannes J. C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe presence, yield and composition of secondary metabolites in plants, viz. the volatile components and those occurring in essential oils, can be affected in a number of ways, from their formation in the plant to their final isolation. Several of the factors of influence have been studied, in particular for commercially important crops, to optimize the cultivation conditions and time of harvest and to obtain higher yields of high‐quality essential oils that fit market requirements. In addition to the commercial importance of the variability in yield and composition, the possible changes are also important when the essential oils and volatiles are used as chemotaxonomic tools. Knowledge of the factors that determine the chemical variability and yield for each species are thus very important. These include: (a) physiological variations; (b) environmental conditions; (c) geographic variations; (d) genetic factors and evolution; (e) political/social conditions; and also (f) amount of plant material/space and manual labour needs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with chronic atrophic gastritis: Meta‐analyses according to type of disease definition
Authors: Weck Melanie N. , Brenner Hermann 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). A large variety of definitions of CAG have been used in epidemiologic studies in the past. The aim of this work was to systematically review and summarize estimates of the association between H. pylori infection and CAG according to the various definitions of CAG. Articles on the association between H. pylori infection and CAG published until July 2007 were identified. Separate meta‐analyses were carried out for studies defining CAG based on gastroscopy with biopsy, serum pepsinogen I (PG I) only, the pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio (PG I/PG II ratio) only, or a combination of PG I and the PG I/PG II ratio. Numbers of identified studies and summary odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals) were as follows: gastroscopy with biopsy: n = 34, OR = 6.4 (4.0–10.1); PG I only: n = 13, OR = 0.9 (0.7–1.2); PG I/PG II ratio: n = 8, OR = 7.2 (3.1–16.8); combination of PG I and the PG I/PG II ratio: n = 20, OR = 5.7 (4.4–7.5). Studies with CAG definitions based on gastroscopy with biopsy or the PG I/PG II ratio (alone or in combination with PG I) yield similarly strong associations of H. pylori with CAG. The association is missed entirely in studies where CAG is defined by PG I only. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer screening: Evidence for false reassurance?
Authors: de Gelder Rianne , van As Elisabeth , Tilanus‐Linthorst Madeleine M.A. , Bartels Carina C.M. , Boer Rob , Draisma Gerrit , de Koning Harry J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTumour stage distribution at repeated mammography screening is, unexpectedly, often not more favourable than stage distribution at first screenings. False reassurance, i.e., delayed symptom presentation due to having participated in earlier screening rounds, might be associated with this, and unfavourably affect prognosis. To assess the role of false reassurance in mammography screening, a consecutive group of 155 breast cancer patients visiting a breast clinic in Rotterdam (The Netherlands) completed a questionnaire on screening history and self‐observed breast abnormalities. The length of time between the initial discovery of breast abnormalities and first consultation of a general practitioner (“symptom–GP period”) was compared between patients with (“screening group”) and without a previous screening history (“control group”), using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log‐rank testing. Of the 155 patients, 84 (54%) had participated in the Dutch screening programme at least once before tumour detection; 32 (38%) of whom had noticed symptoms. They did not significantly differ from control patients (n = 42) in symptom–GP period (symptom–GP period ≥30 days: 31.2% in the symptomatic screened group, 31.0% in the control group; p = 0.9). Only 2 out of 53 patients (3.8%) with screen‐detected cancer had noticed symptoms prior to screening, reporting symptom–GP periods of 2.5 and 4 years. The median period between the first GP‐ and breast clinic visit was 7.0 days (95% C.I. 5.9–8.1) in symptomatic screened patients and 6.0 days (95% C.I. 4.0–8.0) in control patients. Our results show that false reassurance played, at most, only a minor role in breast cancer screening. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Double‐filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of leg ulcers in cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Ramunni A. , Lauletta G. , Brescia P. , Saliani M.T. , Montrone M. , Chironna M. , Sansonno D. , Dammacco F. , Coratelli P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of cryoglobulinemia. Skin lesions are frequent and can be cured from the removal of cryoglobulins by therapeutic apheresis. We describe a case of HCV‐positive type I cryoglobulinemia with severe leg ulcers, not responsive to antiviral and immunosuppressive treatment. Thirty sessions of double filtration plasmapheresis were performed, over a period of 6 months, with no other associated treatment. Before and after each session an assessment of immunoglobulins, complement, cryocrit, and fibrinogen was made. HCV RNA levels were determined in serum cryoprecipitate, supernatant before and after each session, and in the collection bag. No differences in pre and postapheresis values were observed in the serum concentrations and the supernatant, whereas the postapheresis cryoprecipitate showed a significantly reduced viral load (P< 0.02) as compared with the preapheresis values. There was improvement in the condition of ulcers in the leg during apheresis and had completely regressed by the end of the cycle. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analytical methods for calculating Continuous Symmetry Measures and the Chirality Measure
Authors: Pinsky Mark , Dryzun Chaim , Casanova David , Alemany Pere , Avnir David 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe provide analytical solutions of the Continuous Symmetry Measure (CSM) equation for several symmetry point‐groups, and for the associated Continuous Chirality Measure (CCM), which are quantitative estimates of the degree of a symmetry‐point group or chirality in a structure, respectively. We do it by solving analytically the problem of finding the minimal distance between the original structure and the result obtained by operating on it all of the operations of a specific G symmetry point group. Specifically, we provide solutions for the symmetry measures of all of the improper rotations point group symmetries, Sn, including the mirror (S1, CS), inversion (S2, Ci) as well as the higher Sns (n > 2 is even) point group symmetries, for the rotational C2 point group symmetry, for the higher rotational Cn symmetries (n > 2), and finally for the Cnh symmetry point group. The chirality measure is the minimal of all Sn measures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008
The possibility of the decomposition of 2′‐deoxyribose moiety of thymidine induced by the low energy electron attachment
Authors: Liang Guoming , Bao Xiaoguang , Gu Jiande 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo evaluate the possibility of the decomposition of 2‐deoxyribose moiety of thymidine induced by low energy electrons (LEE) attachment, the transition states and the energy barriers of the bond breaking processes of the ribose of the nucleoside have been studied theoretically by applying the density functional theory with the double zeta basis sets (DZP++). The energy barriers for the breakage of the CC bonds (C1′C2′, C2′C3′, C3′C4′, and C4′C5′) of the ribose group of the radical anion of thymidine are found to be high (ca. 42–57 kcal/mol). The total energies of the CC bond‐broken products are significantly higher than that of the radical anion dT•−. The decomposition of dT•− through the CC bond rupture is unlikely to take place. The rupture of the C1′O4′ bond of dT•− needs an activation energy as low as 10.4 kcal/mol. However, the reversed reaction (C1′O4′ bond formation) needs the activation energy low as 0.3 kcal/mol. Therefore, the intermediate product LM1C1′O4′ is unlikely to be stable and the C1′O4′ bond‐broken is not favored. The activation energy of the C4′O4′ bond rupture process amounts to 20.5 kcal/mol. The total energy of the C4′O4′ bond broken product is about 6.5 kcal/mol lower than that of the reactant dT•−. The subsequent N1‐glycosidic bond breaking process is found to have a very low energy barrier. Therefore, the LEE‐induced base release through the C4′O4′ bond rupture might be a possible pathway. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008
The structure and chemical bonding in the N2CuX and N2···XCu (X = F, Cl, Br) systems studied by means of the molecular orbital and Quantum Chemical Topology methods
Authors: Kisowska Karolina , Berski Slawomir , Latajka Zdzislaw 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAb initiostudies carried out at the MP2(full)/6‐311+G(2df) and MP2(full)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ‐PP computational levels reveals that dinitrogen (N2) and cuprous halides (CuX, X = F, Cl, Br) form three types of systems with the side‐on and end‐on coordination of N2: NNCuX (C∞v), N2CuX (C2v) stabilized by the donor–acceptor bonds and weak van der Waals complexes N2···XCu (C2v) with dominant dispersive forces. An electron density transfer between the N2and CuX depends on type of the N2coordination and a comparison of the NPA charges yields the [NN]δ+‐[CuX]δ−and [N2]δ−‐[CuX]δ+formula. According to the NBO analysis, the CuN coordinate bonds are governed by predominant LPN2→σ*(CuX) “2e‐delocalization” in the most stable NNCuX systems, meanwhile back donation LPCu→π*(NN) prevails in less stable N2CuX molecules. A topological analysis of the electron density (AIM) presents single BCP between the Cu and N nuclei in the NNCuX, two BCPs corresponding to two donor‐acceptor CuN bonds in the N2CuX and single BCP between electron density maximum of the NN bond and halogen nucleus in the van der Waals complexes N2···XCu. In all systems values of the Laplacian ∇2ρ(r)(rBCP) are positive and they decrease following a trend of the complex stability i.e. NNCuX (C∞v) > N2CuX (C2v) > N2···XCu (C2v). A topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) reveals strongly ionic bond in isolated CuF and a contribution of covalent character in the CuCl and CuBr bonds. The donor–acceptor bonds CuN are characterized by bonding disynaptic basins V(Cu,N) with attractors localized at positions corresponding to slightly distorted lone pairs V(N) in isolated N2. In the NNCuX systems, there were no creation of any new bonding attractors in regions where classically the donor–acceptor bonds are expected and there is no sign of typical covalent bond CuN with the bonding pair. Calculations carried out for the NNCuX reveal small polarization of the electron density in the NN bond, which is reflected by the bond polarity index being in range of 0.14 (F) to 0.11 (Cl). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008
Circular dichroism enhancement in large DNA aggregates simulated by a generalized oscillator model
Authors: Andrushchenko Valery , Bouř Petr 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAn increased circular dichroism (CD) signal of large molecular aggregates formed upon DNA condensation was observed a long time ago, and is often referred to as ψ‐CD. The effort to understand this phenomenon is further motivated by the latest DNA packing studies and advances in macromolecular chemistry. In the present work, the transition dipole coupling model describing interactions of molecules with light has been extended to handle systems of arbitrary size. The analytical formulae obtained retain the simplicity and computational speed of the standard approach. The origin of the ψ‐effect was investigated on several model systems. The results suggest that the CD enhancement is primarily caused by delocalized phonon‐like excitations in nucleic acid strands. The size of the system exhibiting the effect thus does not need to be comparable with or greater than the wavelength of the absorbed light. Small structural irregularities still allow for the enhancement while a larger disorder breaks it. The modeling is consistent with previous experimental electronic and vibrational CD studies, and makes it possible to correlate the enhancement with the geometry of the nucleic acid systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008
Searching for stable hept‐C62X2 (X = F, Cl, and Br): Structures and stabilities of heptagon‐containing C62 halogenated derivatives
Authors: Sun Lili , Tang Shuwei , Chang Yingfei , Wang Zhanliang , Wang Rongshun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo determine the geometries of the most stable hept‐C62X2 (X = F, Cl, and Br) isomers, all 967 possible hept‐C62F2 isomers have been orderly optimized using AM1, HF/STO‐3G, B3LYP/3‐21G, and B3LYP/6‐31G* methods, and chlorofullerenes and bromofullerenes, which are isostructural with five most stable hept‐C62F2 isomers, were regarded as candidates of the most stable isomer, and optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. The results reveal that 2,9‐ and 9,62‐hept‐C62X2 (X = F, Cl, and Br) are the two most stable isomers with slight energy difference. The halogenation releases strain energy of hept‐C62, and all halogenated fullerenes are more chemically stable than hept‐C62 with lower EHOMO and higher ELUMO. All five most stable hept‐C62X2 (X = F, Cl, and Br) isomers are energetically favorable, and their thermodynamic stability decreases along with the increase of sizes of addends. Only hept‐C62F2 isomers show high thermodynamic stability, and they are potentially synthesized in experiments. 59,62‐squ‐C62X2 (X = F, Cl, and Br) were computed for comparison, and they are found to be more stable than their heptagon‐containing isomers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008
Physiological ecology of overwintering in hatchling turtles
Authors: Costanzo Jon P. , Lee Richard E. , Ultsch Gordon R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTemperate species of turtles hatch from eggs in late summer. The hatchlings of some species leave their natal nest to hibernate elsewhere on land or under water, whereas others usually remain inside the nest until spring; thus, post‐hatching behavior strongly influences the hibernation ecology and physiology of this age class. Little is known about the habitats of and environmental conditions affecting aquatic hibernators, although laboratory studies suggest that chronically hypoxic sites are inhospitable to hatchlings. Field biologists have long been intrigued by the environmental conditions survived by hatchlings using terrestrial hibernacula, especially nests that ultimately serve as winter refugia. Hatchlings are unable to feed, although as metabolism is greatly reduced in hibernation, they are not at risk of starvation. Dehydration and injury from cold are more formidable challenges. Differential tolerances to these stressors may explain variation in hatchling overwintering habits among turtle taxa. Much study has been devoted to the cold‐hardiness adaptations exhibited by terrestrial hibernators. All tolerate a degree of chilling, but survival of frost exposure depends on either freeze avoidance through supercooling or freeze tolerance. Freeze avoidance is promoted by behavioral, anatomical, and physiological features that minimize risk of inoculation by ice and ice‐nucleating agents. Freeze tolerance is promoted by a complex suite of molecular, biochemical, and physiological responses enabling certain organisms to survive the freezing and thawing of extracellular fluids. Some species apparently can switch between freeze avoidance or freeze tolerance, the mode utilized in a particular instance of chilling depending on prevailing physiological and environmental conditions.J. Exp. Zool. 309A:297–379, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.