bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved maximum tangential stress criterion for an inclined crack in uniaxial compression considering T‐stress and crack parameter
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Zhu Fengjin , Zhou Yuezhi , Liu Kangqi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rockmass in the practical engineering is often prone to compression; therefore, how to establish a fracture criterion to reflect the rockmass compression failure is vital. Take the rockmass with one inclined crack for instance, the mechanical behavior of the inclined crack face closure and friction sliding in uniaxial compression is firstly analyzed, and then the Kolosov–Muskhelishvili stress function of the cracked rockmass in uniaxial compression is established based on the complex stress functions. Next, the calculation methods of the stress intensity factor (SIF) K and three T‐stress components at or near the crack tip considering three kinds of crack parameters (e.g., geometry parameter, friction strength parameter and deformation parameter) are obtained. Thirdly, the improved maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion is obtained considering T‐stress and three kinds of crack parameters. Finally, the test results of the wing‐crack initiation angle in uniaxial compression obtained by other researchers are adopted to verify the improved MTS criterion. Meanwhile, the effect of γ, the crack normal stiffness kn and shear stiffness ks, and the crack friction coefficient f on the wing‐crack initiation angle are discussed with the parametric sensitivity analysis.
Soil N2O emissions from specialty crop systems: A global estimation and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Lidong , Hong Mu , Zhang Yao , Paustian Keith 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) exacerbates the greenhouse effect and thus global warming. Agricultural management practices, especially the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and irrigation, increase soil N2O emissions. As a vital sector of global agriculture, specialty crop systems usually require intensive input and management. However, soil N2O emissions from global specialty crop systems have not been comprehensively evaluated. Here, we synthesized 1137 observations from 114 published studies, conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effects of agricultural management and environmental factors on soil N2O emissions, and estimated global soil N2O emissions from specialty crop systems. The estimated global N2O emission from specialty crop soils was 1.5 Tg N2O‐N year−1, ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 Tg N2O‐N year−1. Globally, soil N2O emissions exponentially increased with N fertilizer rates. The effect size of N fertilizer on soil N2O emissions generally increased with mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and soil organic carbon concentration but decreased with soil pH. Global climate change will further intensify the effect of N fertilizer on soil N2O emissions. Drip irrigation, fertigation, and reduced tillage can be used as essential strategies to reduce soil N2O emissions and increase crop yields. Deficit irrigation and non‐legume cover crop can reduce soil N2O emissions but may also lower crop yields. Biochar may have a relatively limited effect on reducing soil N2O emissions but be effective in increasing crop yields. Our study points toward effective management strategies that have substantial potential for reducing N2O emissions from global agricultural soils.
Dentition and weight status in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Zelig Rena , Lyon Amy , Touger‐Decker Riva , Singer Steven R. , Samavat Hamed 
Published: March 2024

Background/ObjectiveTooth loss is common among older adults and can affect dietary intake and weight status. This study investigated associations between dentition status and body mass index (BMI) in older adults.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of data from a convenience sample of older adults (65–89 years) treated at an urban U.S. dental school clinic. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from electronic health records. Dentition status was determined based on data from odontograms. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of having a non‐normal weight status for each measure of dentition status, after adjusting for covariates.ResultsPatients (n = 1765) were 54.1% female, 51.5% White, 41.6% African American and 22.5% Hispanic/Latino. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 71 (67.0–75.0) years; the mean (±SD) BMI was 28.5 (±5.7) kg/m2; 72.5% were overweight or obese. The median (IQR) number of remaining teeth was 20.0 (13.0–24.0); the median numbers of anterior and posterior occluding pairs of teeth were 5.0 (2.0–6.0) and 2.0 (0.0–5.0), respectively; and 44.9% had a functional dentition (≥21 teeth). Having a higher number of remaining teeth and more posterior occluding pairs were associated with lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.980, 95% CI = 0.964, 0.997, p = .022 and OR = 0.931, 95% CI = 0.885, 0.980, p = .006, respectively). Lack of a functional dentition was associated with higher odds of obesity (OR = 1.400, 95% CI = 1.078, 1.818, p = .012), after controlling for covariates.ConclusionOlder adults with tooth loss ‐ especially loss of posterior occlusion and lack of a functional dentition ‐ were more likely to be obese than of normal weight.
African city diplomacy in global climate mobility debates
Authors: Stürner‐Siovitz Janina , Morthorst Lasse Juhl 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile researchers have paid growing attention to transnational city engagement in both the policy fields of migration and climate change, there is a dearth of studies exploring how cities claim agency and start acting in emerging global climate mobility debates. Moreover, city diplomacy research tends to focus predominantly on city actors from the global North. We aim to address this research bias and advance academic debates by exploring African city diplomacy in global climate mobility debates. Specifically, we examine the question: How do African cities claim recognition as relevant actors in global dialogues on climate mobility, and what kind of action do they take? To find answers, we draw on a role theory framework analysing empirical research undertaken within an international, interdisciplinary research project.
‘Physical well‐being is our top priority’: Healthcare professionals' challenges in supporting psychosocial well‐being in stroke services
Authors: Bright Felicity A. S. , Ibell‐Roberts Claire , Featherstone Katie , Signal Nada , Wilson Bobbie‐Jo , Collier Aileen , Fu Vivian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFollowing stroke, a sense of well‐being is critical for quality of life. However, people living with stroke, and health professionals, suggest that well‐being is not sufficiently addressed within stroke services, contributing to persistent unmet needs. Knowing that systems and structures shape clinical practice, this study sought to understand how health professionals address well‐being, and to examine how the practice context influences care practice.MethodsUnderpinned by Interpretive Description methodology, we interviewed 28 health professionals across multiple disciplines working in stroke services (acute and rehabilitation) throughout New Zealand. Data were analysed using applied tension analysis.ResultsHealth professionals are managing multiple lines of work in stroke care: biomedical work of investigation, intervention and prevention; clinical work of assessment, monitoring and treatment; and moving people through service. While participants reported working to support well‐being, this could be deprioritised amidst the time‐oriented pressures of the other lines of work that were privileged within services, rendering it unsupported and invisible.ConclusionStroke care is shaped by biomedical and organisational imperatives that privilege physical recovery and patient throughput. Health professionals are not provided with the knowledge, skills, time or culture of care that enable them to privilege well‐being within their work. This has implications for the well‐being of people with stroke, and the well‐being of health professionals. In making these discourses and culture visible, and tracing how these impact on clinical practice, we hope to provide insight into why well‐being work remains other to the ‘core’ work of stroke, and what needs to be considered if stroke services are to better support people's well‐being.Patient or Public ContributionsPeople with stroke, family members and people who provide support to people with stroke, and health professionals set priorities for this research. They advised on study conduct and have provided feedback on wider findings from the research.
Real‐world epidemiology and treatment patterns of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Retrospective analysis of Diagnosis Procedure Combination claims data in Japan
Authors: Asakawa Keiko , Waratani Miina , Massey Olivia , Holbrook Tim , Kondo Makoto , Saito Atsushi , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesEvaluate real‐world epidemiologic trends and treatment patterns in newly diagnosed patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included adults with newly diagnosed la/mUC in Japan (January 2015–December 2019) from a nationwide‐linked electronic medical record Diagnostic Procedure Combination claims dataset. Outcomes included epidemiologic trends (incidence and prevalence), baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns in newly diagnosed patients with la/mUC before (2015–2017) and after (2018–2019) approval of pembrolizumab in Japan.ResultsOf 975 patients included, 76.4% were men; 71.6% were aged 70 years or older. Most cases (70.5%) were of the bladder. Between 2015 and 2019, the annual age‐adjusted incidence increased from 6.8 to 12.4 per 100 000; the annual age‐adjusted period prevalence increased from 13.0 to 25.2 per 100 000; and 307 (31.5%) and 668 (68.5%) patients were diagnosed from 2015 to 2017 and 2018 to 2019, respectively. Overall, 731 (75%) patients received systemic anticancer therapy; all received 1 line and 50.2% received 2 lines of therapy; 78.3% of patients received gemcitabine plus platinum‐based therapy and 2.2% received pembrolizumab as first‐line treatment. First‐line treatment rates increased from 69.4% to 77.5% after pembrolizumab approval. Of 367 patients who received second‐line treatment, 22.3% received gemcitabine plus platinum‐based therapy; 14.7% received pembrolizumab.ConclusionsIn the Japanese regions considered, incidence and prevalence of newly diagnosed la/mUC increased over time and first‐line treatment with pembrolizumab increased after approval.
Cooperative induction of CXCL chemokines by inflammatory cytokines and oxidized phospholipids
Authors: Hodzic Alma , Gesslbauer Bernd , Bochkov Valery , Oskolkova Olga V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInflammation is initiated and driven by a mixture of mediators, which modify effects of each other. This study analysed in vitro pro‐inflammatory activity of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL‐1β) in a combination with a lipid DAMP molecule, oxidized palmitoyl‐arachidonoyl‐phosphatidylcholine (OxPAPC). The study was performed on endothelial and monocytic cell lines. The cells were treated with different concentrations of TNFα or IL‐1β, OxPAPC and their combinations, either in the presence or absence of drugs regulating inflammation. Pro‐inflammatory effects of TNFα/IL‐1β and OxPAPC were estimated by analysis of chemokines CXCL8, CXCL2 and CXCL3 by ELISA and RT‐PCR. Toxicity was determined by analysis of metabolic activity. Statistical significance was estimated by ANOVA and Dunnett's test. OxPAPC was a much weaker chemokine inducer as compared to TNFα or IL‐1β. However, OxPAPC and TNFα/IL‐1β together induced effects that were significantly stronger than the arithmetical sum of individual effects. This cooperative action of OxPAPC and TNFα was reversed by inhibitors of p38 MAPK. We hypothesise that the boosting of TNFα and IL‐1β effects by OxPAPC may be more pathologically important than the action of the lipid alone. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK may become a tool for analysis of pathological role of oxidized phospholipids.
Impacts of continuous quality improvement on wound pain in the puncture site of arteriovenous fistula in haemodialysis patient
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Xian‐Li , Huang Si‐Feng , Wen Yi‐Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study analyses the effects of a continuous quality improvement nursing model on wound pain at the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) puncture site in patients undergoing haemodialysis. Forty haemodialysis patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, from September 2020 to December 2022, were selected as study subjects. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. The control group received conventional nursing care, while the observation group was treated with a continuous quality improvement nursing model. The study compared the impact of these nursing approaches on pain intensity post‐AVF puncture, wound visual analogue scale scores, self‐rating anxiety scale, self‐rating depression scale, quality of life scores and patient satisfaction with nursing care. In the observation group, the proportion of patients experiencing moderate to severe pain during AVF puncture was lower than that in the control group, whereas the proportion of patients with no pain or mild pain was higher (P = 0.008). After nursing, the observation group exhibited significantly lower wound visual analogue scale scores, self‐rating anxiety scale scores, and self‐rating depression scale scores compared to the control group (P < 0.001), with a significantly higher quality of life score (P < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction rate was 95.00% in the observation group, significantly higher than the 65.00% in the control group (P = 0.018). The continuous quality improvement nursing model significantly reduces wound pain at the AVF puncture site in haemodialysis patients, alleviates negative emotions, enhances the quality of life, and achieves high patient satisfaction. It is thus a highly recommendable approach in nursing practice.
RETRACTED: Effect of angiogenesis inhibitors on wound healing in patients with ovarian cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Xin , Zeng Deyang , Shi Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAngiogenic inhibitors have been demonstrated to inhibit tumour cells in ovarian carcinoma, but the initial data are not accurate enough to indicate the influence of these drugs on the post‐therapy wound healing. In order to assess the effect of angiogenic inhibitors on the treatment of wound healing in ovarian carcinoma, we performed a meta‐analysis of related literature. For this meta‐analysis, we looked up the data from 4 databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. All literature searches were performed up to October 2023. The ROBINS‐I tool was applied to evaluate the risk of bias in the inclusion trials, and statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3. In this research, 971 related research were chosen, and 9 of them were selected. These studies were published between 2013 and 2023. In all 9 trials, a total of 3902 patients were enrolled. There was a significant reduction in the risk of wound infection in the control group than in those who received angiogenesis inhibitors (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49–0.89 p = 0.007). The risk of developing an abscess was not significantly different from that of those who received angiogenesis inhibitors (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.20–3.12 p = 0.74). The risk of perforation in the control group was smaller than that in those receiving angiogenic inhibitors (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11–0.56 p = 0.0006). There was a significant increase in the risk of injury and GI perforation in women who received angiogenic inhibitors than in the control group. But the incidence of abscess did not differ significantly among the two groups.
Systematic review and quality assessment of clinical and economic evidence for superabsorbent wound dressings in a population with chronic ulcers
Authors: M. Veličković Vladica , Macmillan Tom , Lones Emma , Arlouskaya Yana , Prieto Pablo Arija , Webb Neil , Crompton Amy , Munro Isobel , Carvalho Viviane Fernandes , Attila Szijártó , Bárdos Dávid , Lin YunNan , Chiao HaoYu , Probst Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEffective exudate management is key for optimal ulcer healing. Superabsorbent dressings are designed to have high fluid handling capacity, reduced risk of exudate leakage, fluid retention under compression, and to sequester harmful exudate components. This study aimed to systematically identify existing evidence for the clinical efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of superabsorbent dressings for the treatment of moderate‐to‐highly exudating chronic ulcers of various etiologies. The aim is focused on examining the ‘class’ effect of all superabsorbers, not any particular dressing. Clinical and cost effectiveness systematic reviews were conducted, searching Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The Cost Effectiveness Analysis Registry and Econ papers were also searched for the economic review. Outcomes of interest included ulcer closure, dressing properties, hospital‐ and infection‐related outcomes, safety, and economic outcomes. Fourteen studies were included in the clinical systematic review. Eleven were case series, with one randomised controlled trial, one retrospective matched observational study, and one retrospective cohort study. The studies investigated eight superabsorbent dressings and were heterogeneous in their patient population and outcomes. Superabsorbent dressings may result in favourable outcomes, including reductions in frequency of dressing change and pain scores. As most studies were case series, drawing firm conclusions was difficult due to absence of a comparator arm. The economic systematic review identified seven studies, five of which were cost‐utility analyses. These suggested superabsorbent dressings are a more cost‐effective option for the treatment of chronic ulcers compared with standard dressings. However, the small number and low quality of studies identified in both reviews highlights the need for future research.
Excellent temperature stability of piezoelectric properties in PbNb2O6‐based ceramics up to 450°C
Authors: Jin Ruoqi , Ren Xiaodan , Hu Liqing , Tang Mingyang , Xu Zhuo , Yan Yongke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDense (Pb0.92Ba0.08)Nb2O6‐xmol% MnO2with 0.25 wt% TiO2ceramics with a single orthorhombic phase were synthesized through a conventional solid‐state reaction method. Excellent piezoelectric performance (d33 = 90 pC/N) and low dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.5%) are achieved in Mn‐doped samples. Interestingly, the dielectric anomalies are observed in the temperature range of 300–400°C, which could be completely suppressed through Mn doping. The dielectric anomalies are associated with thermally activated domain wall motion, which could be constrained by the defect dipoles produced by Mn doping. More importantly, all samples experience about 12% performance degradation below 300°C, attributed to an accelerated aging process at elevated temperatures. After thermal aging, the samples exhibit excellent performance stability within the temperature range of 25–450°C, showing no further degradation. The results indicate that the PbNb2O6‐based ceramics are promising high‐temperature piezoelectric materials for piezoelectric devices operating at temperatures up to 450°C.
Incidence of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries and predictors of severity in a paediatric hospital
Authors: Dimanopoulos Tanesha , Chaboyer Wendy , Campbell Jill , Ullman Amanda J. , Battley Callan , Ware Robert S. , Patel Maharshi , Griffin Bronwyn R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) pose significant challenges in healthcare and cause increased patient suffering, longer hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. Paediatric patients face unique risks, but evidence remains scarce. This study aimed to identify and describe HAPI admission incidence and severity predictors in a large Australian children's hospital.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study investigated all paediatric patients between January 2020 and December 2021 using a census approach. Demographic and clinical data including HAPI‐related data were accessed from the incident monitoring and hospital administration databases. The incidence rate (per 1000 patient admissions) was calculated based on all admissions. Predictors of HAPI severity were identified using multivariable multinomial logistic regression. The study adhered to the STROBE guidelines for retrospective cohort studies.ResultsThe HAPI incidence rate was 6.96 per 1000 patient admissions. Of the age groups, neonates had the highest HAPI incidence (15.5 per 1000 admissions). Critically ill children had the highest rate for admission location (12.8 per 1000 patient admissions). Most reported cases were stage I (64.2%). Age was associated with injury severity, with older paediatric patients more likely to develop higher‐stage HAPIs. Additionally, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander patients had a higher HAPI severity risk.ConclusionHAPI injuries in paediatric patients are unacceptably high. Prevention should be prioritized, and the quality of care improved in Australia and beyond. Further research is needed to develop targeted prevention strategies for these vulnerable populations.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareThis research emphasizes the need for standardized reporting, culturally sensitive care and tailored prevention strategies.ImpactThe research has the potential to influence healthcare policies and practices, ultimately enhancing the quality of patient care.Reporting MethodSTROBE guidelines.No Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public contribution to the conduct of this study.
Students' reflections on their experience with ChatGPT
Authors: Šedlbauer Josef , Činčera Jan , Slavík Martin , Hartlová Adéla 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence has brought a number of ethical and practical issues to higher education. Solid experimental evidence is yet inadequate to set the functional rules for the new technology.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to analyse the experience of undergraduate students’ interaction with ChatGPT and contribute to identifying the problems arising from the widespread use of artificial intelligence.MethodsJunior university students (N = 25) were assigned the task of working on their seminar essays with the aid of ChatGPT. Most students were novices with this tool (the study was conducted in the spring of 2023). Their essays were analysed qualitatively, according to the principles of the general inductive approach.Results and ConclusionsThe initial attitudes towards artificial intelligence were almost equally distributed from enthusiastic to indifferent and cautious, with one student refusing to interact with the chatbot on ideological grounds. After the first experience, most of the students declared themselves adopters of the new technology. We have found some evidence for enhancing critical thinking competence when using ChatGPT, as well as examples of unquestioned reliance on its outputs. The tendency to personification of the chatbot was apparent in the students' essays.ImplicationsThe findings show how easily the students embrace artificial intelligence and suggest a failure of any attempts for its strict regulation. This, on the other hand, underlines the need for emphasis on personal and research‐oriented approaches in teaching and learning.