bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isoperimetric inequalities for real‐valued functions with applications to monotonicity testing
Authors: Black Hadley , Kalemaj Iden , Raskhodnikova Sofya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe generalize the celebrated isoperimetric inequality of Khot, Minzer, and Safra (SICOMP 2018) for Boolean functions to the case of real‐valued functions . Our main tool in the proof of the generalized inequality is a new Boolean decomposition that represents every real‐valued function over an arbitrary partially ordered domain as a collection of Boolean functions over the same domain, roughly capturing the distance of to monotonicity and the structure of violations of to monotonicity. We apply our generalized isoperimetric inequality to improve algorithms for testing monotonicity and approximating the distance to monotonicity for real‐valued functions. Our tester for monotonicity has query complexity , where is the size of the image of the input function. (The best previously known tester makes queries, as shown by Chakrabarty and Seshadhri (STOC 2013).) Our tester is nonadaptive and has 1‐sided error. We prove a matching lower bound for nonadaptive, 1‐sided error testers for monotonicity. We also show that the distance to monotonicity of real‐valued functions that are ‐far from monotone can be approximated nonadaptively within a factor of with query complexity polynomial in and the dimension . This query complexity is nearly optimal for nonadaptive algorithms even for the special case of Boolean functions (The best previously known distance approximation algorithm for real‐valued functions, by Fattal and Ron (TALG 2010) achieves ‐approximation.).
Enhancement of Ligand Immobilization on Gold Surface by Optimizing Monolayer Concentration and Pre‐Concentration Studies for Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Rutin‐Lysozyme Interaction
Authors: Türkoğlu Emir Alper 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a versatile tool for real time monitoring of molecular interactions, providing biophysical data such as affinity and kinetics. Rutin is found in various plants and fruits and is utilized in several industries. Because of its therapeutic and industrial importance, the binding of rutin to one of the major proteins found in blood and saliva, lysozyme (LZM), was investigated to determine the affinity constants of the rutin‐LZM interaction. Chicken egg white lysozyme (CEWLZM) was selected as a model ligand. 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) was chosen for the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) design on the gold chip surface. After optimizing MUA concentration and pre‐concentration studies to enhance ligand immobilization, optimum MUA concentration in SAM formation, ideal running and coupling buffers, flow rate and ligand concentration were determined to perform SPR analysis. Various concentrations of rutin (20–300 μM) were injected into the SPR for kinetic analysis. The association (ka), dissociation (kd) rate constants, and equilibrium constant (KD) were calculated from the kinetics of the binding curves. SPR binding results indicated that the KD value of rutin‐CEWLZM binding was determined as 80.07±1.22 μM. This study demonstrates the binding affinity of rutin to CEWLZM, offering potential insights for medical and pharmaceutical sciences.
DNA tetrahedron as a carrier of doxorubicin for metastatic breast cancer treatment
Authors: Vaswani Payal , Naveena A Hema , Kansara Krupa , Dahle Landon , Kumar Ashutosh , Bhatia Dhiraj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetastatic breast cancer is a significant clinical challenge calling for novel and efficient therapeutic approaches. DNA tetrahedron, a highly programmable nanocage, offers some promising attributes including biocompatibility, stability, and functionalization making it an attractive candidate for drug delivery. In this study, we have explored the potential of DNA tetrahedron as a carrier of doxorubicin, a DNA and RNA synthesis‐inhibiting chemotherapy drug. We have encapsulated doxorubicin in DNA tetrahedron (TD : Dox) and subsequently focused on metastatic breast cancer cells for the effect of the same. We showed that TD : Dox has the potential to inhibit the migration of cancerous cells in the 2D model and inhibit the invasion of tumor cells in the 3D model as well. This system also can be uptaken in in vivo zebrafish model as well. Overall, this study promises the TD : Dox system as an ideal drug delivery model and a viable approach for metastatic breast cancer treatment.
Talking About Digital Responsibility: Children’s and Young People’s Voices
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Greta Björk , Holmarsdottir Halla , Mifsud Louise , Teidla-Kunitsõn Gertha , Barbovschi Monica , Sisask Merike 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter delves into the prevailing discourse surrounding the digital generation and the role of digital technology in shaping their lives. We raise the pertinent question of whether the emphasis on connectivity overlooks aspects of digital responsibility and hinders online well-being. Drawing from interview data, we investigate how children in Estonia, Norway and Romania comprehend digital responsibility. We delve into themes such as online identity, integrity, interactions, critical evaluation of online content, copyright concerns, digital citizenship, rights and participation. The study highlights the necessity of developing digital responsibility as a means to navigate the intricate complexities and risks posed by digital technology. Through an analysis of interview data, we shed light on ethical, legal and attitudinal dimensions of digital responsibility. Our findings reveal that source awareness is closely linked to the cultivation of digital responsibility in school. Furthermore, we identify challenges posed by the ethical dimension, while recognising the influential role played by peers. In conclusion, we emphasise the importance of amplifying children’s voices, comprehending their perspectives and actively involving them in the process of fostering digital responsibility. By doing so, we recognise the indispensable role of their active engagement and strive to ensure their well-being and healthy digital lives.
Intersecting Knowledge on Young People’s Well-Being and Use of Digital Technology Across Contexts: A Scoping Review Synthesis
Authors: Seland Idunn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis literature review adds to the existing literature on the relationships between young people’s use of digital technology and their well-being by investigating how perceived excessive use of the Internet in one social setting may increase a person’s well-being in a different social setting. By combining clinical-psychological and digital literacy perspectives on well-being with a theoretical framework focussing on human vulnerability and the protective potential of human agency, the review’s thematic synthesis of 21 studies between 2011 and 2021 supports previous research suggesting that digital engagement can be a coping strategy for young people experiencing problems. First, the analysis examines how young people’s activity across social contexts represented by family, leisure, school and a digital space for democratic participation may affect their predefined roles as children or students, and how new possibilities for development and learning emerge. Second, the discussion combines the clinical-psychological and digital literacy perspectives for a deeper understanding of how young people’s agency may help them overcome different sources of vulnerability as obstacles to well-being. Thus, the review nuances the discussion on digital technology and well-being to understand what this technology represents to young people as they navigate, negotiate and struggle with the normal pitfalls of life.
Developing a Toolkit for Contributing to Digital Competence: A Review of Existing Resources
Authors: Bărbut¸ă Alina , Roth Maria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe variety and increased accessibility of digital technologies has accelerated and facilitated children and young people’s use of digital devices, but accelerated use can also lead to increased risk (Livingstone et al., 2017). Children and young people’s relationship with the digital world, their level of digital skills, and their opportunities to use devices and benefit from this use differ due to various issues and lead to inequalities related to access, literacy and engagement (Helsper, 2021). To reduce these inequalities and help support children and young people to navigate competently, safely, creatively and critically in the digital world, there is a need for strategies, policies, resources and guidelines to inform and support them. This chapter explores the results of a scoping review aimed at assessing guidelines and toolkits for supporting children and young people’s use of digital technology. The analysis reveals the existence of a large pool of resources available not only for children and young people but also for their parents and teachers. At the same time, the analysis shows a gap in toolkits supporting children and young people's communication with their parents and other adults.
EU Policy Reflections on the Intersections Between Digital and Social Policies Supporting Children as Digital Citizens
Authors: Shorey Holly 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyses EU digital and social inequalities and rights-based policies from the early 2010s–2020s to explore how policies are evolving to further reflect how digital technologies are embedded in children’s everyday realities. Progress made to bring the social lens into digital policymaking and the digital dimension into social and rights-based policies is highlighted whilst places are identified for further integration. In the early 2010s, EU policies focused on child safety concerns without taking a holistic approach to how digitalisation interacts with children’s rights. Policymakers were concerned with whether children should be granted access to the digital world rather than how. Today’s children’s social environments increasingly have a digital dimension, one that brings home, school, family, and civic participatory spaces together. The more integrated digital technologies become in children’s lives, the more key it is that policymakers take a social inequalities approach to ensure that the digital environment acts as a venue for children’s rights and not a point of further division. To respond to this reality, policy frameworks must reflect the porous boundaries opening up between policy areas. Digital policies and social and rights-based policies must recognise the intersections between these fields to the digital generation.
Discourses and Gender Divides in Children’s Digital Everyday Lives
Authors: Wilhelmsen Janniche Elisabeth Broch , Lafton Tove 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this qualitative study, we seek to contribute knowledge about how children talk about their digital everyday lives in peer groups and how boys and girls talk about it differently. The empirical material consists of transcripts taken from five focus group interviews with Norwegian children aged eight to ten. We use a Foucauldian-inspired discursive approach by analyzing how the participants position children, including themselves (with their spoken words), as subjects toward (spoken) objects connected to digital technology, and we identify eight different approaches when the participants talk about themselves (and other children) as subjects in relation to digital technology. Six of the ways the participants talk about children are gendered and the main difference we find is that the girls present themselves as more connected to their parents and present themselves as aware of negative content online, while the boys are either very cheeky or present themselves as sensible and social in their online activities. In the discussion we examine the findings as part of dominating discourses. We discuss if different expectations according to gender can be linked to girls not exploiting the learning potential of technology in the same way as boys do and whether boys do not have the same opportunities as girls to come to their parents with their negative online experiences.
ASTRA, A Transition Density Matrix Approach to the Interaction of Attosecond Radiation with Atoms and Molecules
Authors: Randazzo Juan M. , Marante Carlos , Chattopadhyay Siddhartha , Gharibnejad Heman , Schneider Barry I. , Olsen Jeppe , Argenti Luca 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new formalism and computer code, ASTRA (AttoSecond TRAnsitions), has been developed to treat the interactions of short, intense radiation with molecules. The formalism makes extensive use of transition density matrices, computed using a state-of-the-art quantum chemistry code (LUCIA), to efficiently calculate the many-body inter-channel-coupling interactions required to simulate the highly correlated electron dynamics due to atoms and molecules exposed to attosecond laser radiation.
Simulating Strong Field Tunnel Ionization of Molecules
Authors: Ortmann L. , AlShafey A. , Staudte A. , Landsman A. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently we introduced a method to quantify the relative contribution of upfield versus downfield ionization when a diatomic molecule is exposed to intense infrared light [1]. Applying this to previously measured electron momenta distributions following strong field ionization of N2, we found approximately a 2∶1 ratio of electrons ionized from a downfield atom, relative to upfield. This suggests that the bound state wave function largely adapts adiabatically to the changing laser field, although the nonadiabatic process of ionization enhancement still contributes significantly even in neutral molecules. Here, we discuss the Quantum Trajectory Monte Carlo (QTMC) used to simulate electron trajectories, and explore possible modifications of the model [1].
Control of Photoelectron-Ion Entanglement in Attosecond Laser-Induced Photoionization of H2
Authors: Koll Lisa-Marie , Witting Tobias , Vrakking Marc J. J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report experiments where vibrational wave packets are produced in H2+ by the ionization of neutral H2 by a sequence of two phase-locked attosecond pulse trains (APTs) with a variable time delay. Changes in the degree of vibrational coherence in the H2+ cation with the XUV-XUV time delay can be explained in terms of the dependence of the degree of ion+photoelectron entanglement on the two-pulse delay.
Ultrafast Second-Harmonic XUV Spectroscopy: A Novel Probe for Symmetry
Authors: Zuerch Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtreme-ultraviolet second-harmonic generation spectroscopy (XUV-SHG) is a novel spectroscopy that enables probing element-selective symmetry-broken states. This renders XUV-SHG especially useful to study surfaces, interfaces, and symmetry-broken bulk states in otherwise complex chemical environments. In a string of recent works, XUV-SHG was successfully applied to study the role of lithium in various compounds. One of the most striking recent results studied the role of Li symmetry-breaking displacement causing the emergence of polarity in the polar metal LiOsO3. Furthermore, the directional dependence of the SHG process allows geometry specific measurements. Given the femtosecond nature of the probe pulses, one can readily envision this method to be applied to study interfacial carrier dynamics in complex in-operando environments that are difficult to probe with conventional ultrafast methods.
Attosecond Core-Exciton Dynamics in Wide-Gap Insulators
Authors: Inzani Giacomo , Sato Shunsuke A. , Lucarelli Giacinto D. , Moio Bruno , Borrego-Varillas Rocío , Frassetto Fabio , Poletto Luca , Hübener Hannes , Giovannini Umberto De , Rubio Angel , Nisoli Mauro , Lucchini Matteo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn option to overcome the limits of electronics are excitons, quasi-particles generated by the electron-hole Coulomb interaction. A fundamental prerequisite is the possibility to control their properties with optical fields. We adopted attosecond reflection spectroscopy to investigate the interplay between core excitons and ultrashort infrared pulses in MgF$${ }_2$$

2

. Their ultrafast response is divided into two contributions, unfolding on different time scales, related to the exciton dual nature. Namely, we discern the atomic-like behaviour, dominating the few-femtosecond response, from the excitonic solid-like characteristics, with sub-femtosecond timing. Theoretical models highlight the role of the exciton binding energy in dictating their optical response.
Increase in Photon Flux of Attosecond Pulses
Authors: Xue Bing , Nishimura Kotaro , Takahashi Eiji J. , Midorikawa Katsumi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh-intensity attosecond pulses capable of inducing a two-photon process are desired to realize an attosecond pump–attosecond probe experiment. In this work, we show the increase of the intensity of attosecond pulses in the water-window region by combining a loose focusing method with high-energy mid-IR drivers. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of an ideal driving field waveform produced by a multi-wavelength synthesizer is demonstrated to improve the conversion efficiency.
Imaging Ultrafast Dissociation Dynamics: OCS & Roaming in Formaldehyde
Authors: Endo Tomoyuki , Neville Simon P. , Ziems Karl Michael , Lassonde Philippe , Qu Chen , Schmidt Bruno E. , Fujise Hikaru , Fushitani Mizuho , Hishikawa Akiyoshi , Gräfe Stefanie , Houston Paul L. , Bowman Joel M. , Schuurman Michael S. , Légaré François , Ibrahim Heide 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUpon photoexcitation, molecules break apart, following different dissociation reactions. We can image these dissociation pathways using Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) and sometimes we can control them using asymmetric laser fields. In the formaldehyde molecule, we can see fragments following the direct, conventional dissociation path, as well as fragments deviating from this minimum energy path. So-called roaming fragments or “roamers” explore the potential energy landscape in a statistical manner and could be directly captured in real-time, despite the signal’s statistical character. This is possible due to the single-molecule sensitivity of CEI and we could show that the onset of roaming occurs actually several orders of magnitude earlier than previously expected. In the polar molecule OCS we go one step further by controlling the fragmentation process using two-color asymmetric laser fields. In addition to expected direct ionization effects, we also see post-ionization contributions, which are usually not visible in heavy polar molecules. We thus show in two different examples that CEI provides the means to extract new, unexpected pathways, which would otherwise remain hidden underneath a strong background.
Augmentation of Cardiac Ischemic Geometry for Improving Machine Learning Performance in Arrhythmic Risk Stratification
Authors: Bertrand Ambre , Yamamoto Carolyna , Monopoli Giulia , Schrotter Thomas , Myklebust Lena , Uv Julie J , Arevalo Hermenegild J , Maleckar Mary M 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVentricular arrhythmias frequently occur as a complication of myocardial infarction (MI), due to significant changes in the heart’s structure and electrophysiology. If left untreated, these alterations may lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD). It is therefore critical to evaluate risk prediction accurately in post-infarction patients to enable early intervention and improve patient outcomes. This work introduces a novel approach to improve arrhythmia risk assessment in post-infarction patients. We propose a new pipeline to build physiologically realistic image-based models of patient hearts, producing more realistic meshes compared to publicly available pipelines. We generate a library of 90 cardiac geometries of MI patients and use these cardiac models to estimate likelihood of reentry using electrophysiological (EP) simulations. However, due to the computationally expensive nature of this approach, we also introduce a data augmentation pipeline to train a machine learning (ML) model for risk stratification, enabling accurate and real-time prediction of the simulation outcomes. Our trained ML model achieved an accuracy of 88.0% and F1 score of 48%, with a prediction time of 0.01 seconds per case (compare with approximately 5 hours per case for EP simulations). In conclusion, the work presented here improved the accuracy of personalised biventricular geometries, introduced a novel data augmentation approach for scar distribution, and decreased prediction time of risk of arrhythmias post-MI by more than five orders of magnitude.
Impact of Modeling Assumptions on Hemodynamic Stresses in Predicting Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture Status
Authors: Nozaleda Guillermo L , Poloni Sofia , Soliveri Luca , Valen-Sendstad Kristian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractApproximately 3% of the population is estimated to have cerebral aneurysms, which are the leading cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Convincing evidences suggest that wall shear stresses (WSS) play a role in vessel remodeling and in the development of vascular diseases. SinceWSS cannot be directly measured, researchers have resorted to using medical images available in routine clinical practice to simulate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and investigate patient-specific vascular conditions. They retrospectively analyse the correlation between WSS and disease outcomes to find potential clinical tools for future use. However, most of these models are based on assumptions that introduce variability and error. In this work we investigated the effects of a non-Newtonian viscosity model and inflow uncertainty on the prediction of commonly computed hemodynamic metrics. Our results show a substantial influence of the non-Newtonian model and blood flow rate on CFD outcomes, highlighting the need of incorporating non-Newtonian rheology and patient-specific blood flow measurements in CFD simulations.
Capital Networks and Early Papermaking
Authors: Ehrich Martha Emilie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the emergence of the Dutch paper industry in the phase of Dutch capitalism starting from 1580. Swiftly earning acclaim as the most reputable paper industry in Europe and beyond, the chapter elucidates the distinctions between the primary paper production regions during this period, namely the Zaanstreek and the Veluwe. Offering an intricate analysis of the contrasting organization of employers and laborers, diverse politico-economic conditions and industrial integration, as well as variations in resource availability and pre-industrial innovation in each region, the chapter eloquently highlights the transitional and non-linear character of the succession from feudalism to capitalism during that era.
Parametric generation of optimal structures through discrete exponential functions: unveiling connections between structural optimality and discrete isothermicity
Authors: Hayashi Kazuki , Jikumaru Yoshiki , Yokosuka Yohei , Hayakawa Kentaro , Kajiwara Kenji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study discusses an equilibrium state of structures endowed with integrability and relates the structural optimality for Michell’s classic problem and the isothermicity in discrete differential geometry. This discussion leads to a new approach for the parametric generation of quasi-optimal layouts of bar members. The layout of bar members is determined by taking the diagonals of a quadrilateral mesh constructed from a discrete exponential function. The configuration of the planar layout can be changed by adjusting the parameters of a discrete exponential function. In addition, the inverse stereographic projection allows for obtaining spherical shapes from the planar layouts, and the Möbius transformations enable the generation of eccentric near-optimal shapes. It is also demonstrated that the structural layouts generated in this study are the exact optimal or near-optimal solution to Michell’s optimization problem.