bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging assumptions; exploring the burden of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults in high-income countries
Authors: Eissazade Negin , Amirkafi Ali , Heidari-Bateni Nomi , Sedaghat Mona , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background.
The burden of diseases is generally higher in low- and middle-income compared to high-income countries. Mental disorders are among the rare categories that have the highest disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates in high-income countries. This is a paradox when we consider the higher percentage of socioeconomic stressors, such as poverty, violence, and political instability in many of the low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to review potential reasons for the higher burden of mental disorders in countries with higher incomes, focusing on adolescents and young adults.
Methods. Utilizing the data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors (GBD) 2019 study, this study explores the distribution of population-level prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates of mental disorders classified by income levels of the countries.
Results. In 2019, the DALY rate for mental disorders was 2,118 per 100,000 adolescents/young adults in high-income countries compared to 1,558 in low-income, 1,363 in lower-middle-income, and 1,516 in upper-middle-income countries. The DALY rate for “substance use disorders” is also higher in high-income, compared to other countries. self-harm did not follow the same pattern and was highest in lower-middle-income countries.
Conclusions. Our assessment supports the fact that the burden of mental disorders is a real issue in high-income countries, but the difference could be at least partially related to higher stigma and limited access to high-quality data in middle- and low-income countries. Mental disorders and substance use disorders in high-income countries both need comprehensive policies addressing mental health and its social determinants; our study also underscores the need for low- and middle-income countries to prioritize the collection of high-quality data and the reduction of the stigma of mental disorders to ensure more accurate assessments.
From neighborhood to household: connections between neighborhood vacant and abandoned property and family violence
Authors: Fleckman Julia M , Ford Julie , Eisenberg Sophia , Taylor Catherine A. , Kondo Michelle , Morrison Christopher N. , Branas Charles C. , Drury Stacy S. , Theall Katherine P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Rates of family violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment, remain high in the U.S. and contribute to substantial health and economic costs. How neighborhood environment may influence family violence remains poorly understood. We examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned properties and family violence, and the role collective efficacy may play in that relationship. Data were used from a longitudinal cohort of 218 maternal-child dyads in a southern U.S. city known for elevated rates of violence. Women were matched on their propensity score, for living in a neighborhood with elevated vacant and cited properties. Analyses accounting for clustering in neighborhood and matched groups were conducted to examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned property and family violence, and the potential mediating relationship of collective efficacy. The likelihood of experiencing child maltreatment at 12-months of age was more than twice as high for children living in neighborhoods with a high vacant and cited property rates compared to women living in neighborhoods with fewer vacant and cited properties (OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.03, 4.31). Women living in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of vacant and cited properties were also more than twice as likely to report IPV (OR=2.52, 95% CI=1.21, 5.25). Associations remained mostly stable after controlling for key covariates. Collective efficacy did not act as a mediator in the relationship between vacant and cited properties and family violence. Reducing neighborhood vacant and cited properties may be an important target for interventions focused on reducing family violence.
In situ deposition reduced graphene oxide-silica for improving the corrosion resistance of organic epoxy coatings: A comparative study
Authors: Huang Jiaqi , Wu Meiping , Miao Xiaojin , Wang Jianyu , Chen Yiwen , Wang Yiyao , Wu Wangping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, two facile routes for in situ construction and characterization of silica particles decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO-SiO2) based on the sol-gel principle are reported and incorporated into epoxy resins to prepare coatings for comparative testing of their corrosion protection and mechanical properties. The microstructure, phase identification and composition of the hybrid materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR, respectively. The results demonstrated that both two methods can successfully generate silica on the surface of reduced graphene oxide, but the silica generated by method I had lower content and finer size. And this trend was more obvious with the increase of reaction time. The mechanical properties and anticorrosion behavior of the epoxy coatings were investigated by coating adhesion automated scratch test, contact angle, salt spray test and EIS test. The results were shown that incorporation of rGO-SiO2 hybrids (produced in both methods I and II) into the epoxy coating notably enhanced its bongding strength, dispersion performance, barrier properties and corrosion resistance. It was also indicated that the hybrid material prepared by method I after 48h had the best mechanical and anti-corrosion properties.
Healthcare workforce satisfaction and perceptions pertaining to application of ergonomics in primary care settings in Qatar
Authors: Syed Muslim Abbas , Veettil Shajitha Thekke , Alnuaimi Ahmed Sameer , Syed Mohamed Ahmed , Mohamed Ahmed , Zainel Abduljaleel Abdullatif 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Globally, healthcare workforce operates in complex healthcare settings putting in strenuous efforts to provide highest standards of care to patients. Evidence suggests that there are serious health risks such as work-related musculoskeletal diseases, mental health diseases and lower job satisfaction levels among healthcare workforce who are exposed to work environments which are structured without proper consideration and application of ergonomic principles. The study aims to investigate the perceptions of a diverse healthcare workforce pertaining to their work environment to highlight the existing practices and application of ergonomics principles in a highly demanding and extensive primary care setting in the state of Qatar.
Methods
The study utilized validated online questionnaire (with structured and open-ended questions section) which was distributed through official emails to healthcare workforce registered in primary healthcare corporation which is comprised of 31 primary care clinics distributed across the country. The domains and items in the survey encompassed general principles of ergonomics within healthcare settings, overall satisfaction levels, wellbeing and perceptions pertaining to the work environment. Quantitative data was analyzed in Microsoft excel as frequency, distribution, and multiple regression model. Significance level: α = 0.05 (95% confidence). Responses to the open-ended section was analyzed by framework thematic analysis. This approach encompassed interpreting, exploring, and reporting patterns and clusters of meaning within the given data.
Results
Half of the healthcare workforce (50%) that participated in the online survey documented that they were either satisfied or very satisfied with work-life balance. Feeling supported by colleagues and supervisors in terms of mental and emotional well-being at work significantly reduced the risk of reporting a work-related discomfort by half (adjusted OR = 0.54) after adjusting for the remaining explanatory variables as reported by the multiple regression model. The themes that emerged from qualitative analysis included desirable workspace, working hours, awareness about ergonomics and satisfaction levels among staff.
Conclusions
The findings of the study further substantiate the existing evidence base in this area of research and suggest devising innovative strategies and interventions to ensure that ergonomic principles within specific healthcare systems are updated, regularly monitored and effectively implementation to safeguard the health and overall wellbeing of healthcare workforce.
Deformation analysis by a rigorous similarity transformation
Authors: Mahobub Vahid 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this contribution, deformation analysis is rigorously performed by a non-linear 3-D similarity transformation. In contrast to traditional methods based on linear least-squares (LS), here we solve a non-linear problem without any linearization. To achieve this, an extended weighted total least-squares (WTLS) approach is implemented to deformation analysis problem. Although some researchers have been trying to solve deformation analysis using TLS approaches, these attempts require modification since they used to apply unstructured TLS techniques such as Generalized TLS (GTLS) to similarity transformation which requires structured TLS (STLS) techniques while the WTLS approach preserves the structure of the functional model when based on the perfect description of the variance-covariance matrix. Also Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) confirms that the WTLS method provides the most accurate results among the linear LS, GTLS and WTLS approaches in a landslide area which is located in Turkey as a case study for deformation analysis.
Denoising Gradient Descent in Variational Quantum Algorithms
Authors: Simon Lars , Eble Holger , Kowalski Hagen-Henrik , Radons Manuel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this article we introduce an algorithm for mitigating the adverse effects of noise on gradient descent in variational quantum algorithms. This is accomplished by computing a {\emph{regularized}} local classical approximation to the objective function at every gradient descent step. The computational overhead of our algorithm is entirely classical, i.e., the number of circuit evaluations is exactly the same as when carrying out gradient descent using the parameter-shift rules. We empirically demonstrate the advantages offered by our algorithm on randomized parametrized quantum circuits.
A split-step Euler-Maruyama based method with partial truncation coefficients for nonlinear SDEs
Authors: Haghighi Amir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to develop and analyze a numerical method for the strong approximation of solutions to highly nonlinear stiff It\^{o} stochastic differential equations (SDEs). In this method, we first divide the coefficients of the SDEs into linear and nonlinear parts. Then, in two fully explicit recursive phases, we apply the appropriate truncation transformation only to the nonlinear parts of the coefficients of the SDEs at each step. Theoretical aspects are introduced to establish the $L^q$-convergence theory of the new method in the finite time interval $[0,T]$. The stability and boundedness properties of the solutions generated by the new method are also investigated. An important contribution is that the region of MS-stability of the new method includes the region of MS-stability of the partially truncated method proposed by Yang et al. (2022). Moreover, we show that the proposed method preserves the exponential MS-stability and the asymptotic boundedness of the SDEs. Finally, numerical experiments are performed to compare the efficiency of this method with an existing explicit method developed for nonlinear SDEs.
MSC Classification: 65C30 , 65L07 , 65L04
Use of the Be-7 in the evaluation of an agroforestry system to control erosion in a Mediterranean climate semi-arid region of northern Algeria
Authors: KESSAISSIA Abderrahmane , Azabouche Ahmed , Morsli Bouthkil , Moula Adnane 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The use of the 7Be isotope in erosion studies provides important insights on short events and on land use. The present study illustrates an application of this isotope in the evaluation of new system of plantation (agro forest system) initiated in 2019 in an area of Tifiles watershed located in the province of Chlef (north western Algeria). Two different investigation sites were used: the first one with a plantation of the agro forest type and a second one without plantation. In each site a reference area was selected for comparison purposes.7Be activity in the reference planted site was estimated at 434 ± 22.67 Bq·m− 2 whereas in the unplanted reference site it was 497 ± 25.61 Bq·m− 2. Nevertheless, the relaxation mass depth is equal to 8.33 kg·m− 2in the first site and 5.55 kg·m− 2in the second one. The results show that the planted site is exposed to reduced land losses compared to the unplanted site. This reflects the positive effect of the green cover (plantation) in controlling erosion.
Partitioned polygenic scores highlight role of beta-cell function and unfavourable fat distribution patterns in young onset type 2 diabetes in south Asians
Authors: Siddiqui Moneeza , Hodgson Sam , Williamson Alice , Stow Daniel , Jacobs Benjamin , Samuel Miriam , Gafton Joseph , Zöllner Julia , Spreckley Marie , . Genes & Health Research Team , Langenberg Claudia , Heel David van , Mathur Rohini , Finer Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

South Asians experience a higher risk of early-onset Type 2 diabetes (T2D) with normal BMI. However, since genetic research is largely focussed on white Europeans, the reasons for this are poorly understood. We used 12 recently derived multi-ancestry partitioned polygenic risk scores (pPS) to identify the aetiological pathways underlying T2D, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), earlier onset, progression to complications and insulin dependence, and treatment response in a south Asian cohort. Using electronic health record and genetic data from 51,108 British Pakistani and Bangladeshi individuals with T2D (n = 11,673) and GDM (n = 1,965) in the Genes & Health study, we explored associations between pPS, T2D, GDM, diabetes complications, and treatment response using sex- and ancestry-adjusted multivariable regression and Cox proportional-hazards models. A pPS representing insulin deficiency was most strongly associated with T2D per standard deviation (OR: odds ratio):1.46, 95%CI:1.42–1.50), GDM (OR:1.27, 95%CI: 1.20–1.34) and age at T2D diagnosis (beta = -1.7 years, 95%CI: -1.5 to -1.9), followed by a pPS representing an unfavourable fat distribution (lipodystrophy). Individuals at high genetic risk of both insulin deficiency and lipodystrophy were diagnosed with T2D 8.2 years earlier with BMI 3 kg/m2 lower compared to those at low genetic risk. The insulin deficiency pPS was associated with poorer response to metformin, thiazolidinediones, and SGLT2 inhibitors (post-treatment HbA1c increased from baseline by 0.51%, 1.83%, and 1.13% respectively). Higher Insulin deficiency and lipodystrophy pPS were also associated with faster progression to insulin dependence and microvascular complications. Using UK Biobank, we found that south Asians had a greater genetic burden of both these pPS compared to white Europeans. In British Pakistani and Bangladeshi individuals, genetic predisposition to insulin deficiency and lipodystrophy helps identify individuals at risk of earlier onset of type 2 diabetes, who progress faster to complications and insulin dependence, and are less likely to respond to standard diabetes management pathways.
Understanding, Measuring, and Ameliorating Workplace Violence in Healthcare: A Canadian Systematic Framework to Address a Global Healthcare Phenomenon
Authors: Schulz-Quach Christian , Lyver Brendan , Reynolds Charlene , Hanagan Trevor , Haines Jennifer , Shannon John , Pozzobon Laura Danielle , Sarraf Yasemin , Sabbah Sam , Ensafi Sahand , Bloomberg Natasha , Gorla Jaswanth , Singh Brendan , Chartier Lucas B. , Escaf Marnie , Elder Diana , Toppings Marc , Hodges Brian , Sethi Rickinder 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Globally, healthcare institutions have seen a marked rise in workplace violence (WPV), especially since the Covid-19 pandemic began, affecting primarily acute care and emergency departments (EDs). At the University Health Network (UHN) in Toronto, Canada, WPV incidents in EDs jumped 169% from 0.43 to 1.15 events per 1000 visits (p<.0001). In response, UHN initiated a comprehensive quality improvement (QI) project to address WPV. This study presents the project's design, implementation, results, and key takeaways, aiming to showcase effective and trauma-informed strategies for mitigating WPV in healthcare settings.
Methods: Our multi-intervention QI initiative was guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) 3.0 framework. We also leveraged the SEIPS 101 tools to aid in crafting each QI intervention. This approach amalgamated various methodologies to approach WPV, incorporating literature reviews, a modified Delphi method, qualitative interviews, surveys, quantitative data gathering and pragmatic interventions.
Results: Our complex intervention contained a total of 12 subprojects. We reviewed existing literature (n=84) pertaining to WPV in healthcare. N = 229 quality indicators utilized to measure WPV in healthcare were extracted from the literature and underwent a Delphi process which yielded 17 quality indicators for a new organizational WPV dashboard. WPV theories were critically reviewed in the context of intervention development. Educational initiatives (n=2) were implemented including ad-hoc point of care training, as well as rollout of a comprehensive trauma-informed training program for WPV prevention, verbal de-escalation and management of escalated responsive behaviour. Further changes involved establishing a Code White Governance Committee, enhancing WPV reporting and addressing underreporting. Debriefing was structured into hot and cold debriefing models. Additionally, environmental indicators promoting mutual respect were introduced, alongside security enhancements including wearable video devices for all security guards and a 100% increase in ED security guards. Outreach initiatives were implemented including qualitative interviews with ED staff (n=75) and the development of a patient partner and community outreach group.
Conclusions: WPV in healthcare is a complex phenomenon that urgently requires effective solutions. We developed a 13-step framework that offers guidance for healthcare institutions seeking to develop a systemic approach in addressing WPV tailored to their organization’s needs.
Enhancing EV Charging Station Security Using A Multi-dimensional Dataset : CICEVSE2024
Authors: Buedi Emmanuel Dana , Ghorbani Ali A. , Dadkhah Sajjad , Ferreira Raphael Lionel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is fundamentally transforming the automotive industry, prompting a surge in the installation of charging stations to accommodate the growing number of EVs and enhance overall mobility and user experience. Efforts to conduct machine learning-based cybersecurity research and develop solutions to address the growing threats and vulnerabilities in EV charging station infrastructure face challenges stemming from the unavailability of suitable datasets. The primary contribution of this study is addressing these challenges by publishing a multi-dimensional dataset that comprises power consumption data, network traffic and host activities of the EVSE in both benign and attack conditions. The experimental testbed utilizes a real EVSE, Raspberry Pi and standard industry communication protocols for EV charging infrastructure, with the scenarios observing the EVSE in both idle and charging states. The results of statistical analysis and machine learning classification tasks demonstrate the suitability of this dataset for baseline behavioral profiling, classification and anomaly detection tasks.
Innovative and practical tools for monitoring and assessing biodiversity status and impacts of multiple human pressures in marine systems
Authors: Borja Angel , Berg Torsten , Gundersen Hege , Hagen Anders Gjørwad , Hancke Kasper , Korpinen Samuli , Leal Miguel C. , Luisetti Tiziana , Menchaca Iratxe , Murray Ciaran , Piet GerJan , Pitois Sophie , Rodríguez-Ezpeleta Naiara , Sample James E. , Talbot Elizabeth , Uyarra María C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Human activities at sea can produce pressures and cumulative effects in ecosystem components, that need to be monitored and assessed, in a cost-effective manner. Five Horizon European projects have joined forces to collaboratively increase our knowledge and skills to monitor and assess the ocean in an innovative way, assisting managers and policy-makers in taking decisions to maintain sustainable activities at sea. Here we present and discuss the status of some methods revised during a summer school, aiming at a better management of coasts and seas. We include novel methods to monitor the coastal and ocean waters (e.g. environmental DNA, drones, imaging and artificial intelligence, climate modelling and spatial planning) and innovative tools to assess the status (e.g. cumulative impacts assessment, multiple pressures, Nested Environmental status Assessment Tool (NEAT), ecosystem services assessment, or a new unifying approach). As a concluding remark, some of the most important challenges ahead is assessing pros and cons of novel methods, comparing them with benchmark technologies, and integrating these into long standing time series for data continuity. This requires transition periods and careful planning, which can be covered through an intense collaboration of current and future European projects on marine biodiversity and ecosystem health.