bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Leading Edge Shape on Effusion Film Cooling
Authors: Chang Yu-Chuan , Huang Szu-Chi , Huang Chih-Yung , Liu Yao-Hsien 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effusion film cooling on a turbine leading edge model. The pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique was employed to analyze the film cooling effectiveness. Three different leading edge profiles were tested, including a semicylinder and two elliptical models. Effusion cooling was achieved by employing closely spaced small holes, and stereolithography was utilized to create the perforated region. The study examined the impact of different blowing ratios (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2) while maintaining a unity density ratio. For benchmark testing purposes, three rows of film cooling holes on these leading edge models were also studied for traditional film cooling scenarios. The film cooling rows consisted of 15 holes positioned at the stagnation line (0 deg) and ±30 deg away from it. All test models were placed in a low-speed wind tunnel for experimentation at a Reynolds number of 100,000. Two different streamwise spacings of the effusion holes were examined in this study. The results indicate that effusion cooling was more effective in cooling compared to traditional film cooling methods. When considering the same leading edge shape, the adiabatic cooling effectiveness of effusion cooling was 30–100% higher than that of traditional film cooling. It was observed that increasing the streamwise spacing had a negative impact on the cooling effectiveness, regardless of the leading edge profile being used. Furthermore, variations in blowing ratio did not significantly affect the effectiveness of effusion cooling, and no noticeable blow-off of coolant was observed.
Experimental Study on Melting and Solidification Cycle of a Hybrid Pin Fin/Metal Foam Energy Storage Tank
Authors: Du Zhao , Huang Xinyu , Li Yuanji , Liu Gang , Yang Xiaohu , Sundén Bengt 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Phase change heat storage offers a practical solution to address the instability and intermittency of solar energy. However, the thermal conductivity of heat storage medium (phase change material) is low, which hinders its large-scale application. Metal foam and fins have proven effective in enhancing heat transfer performance. This study establishes a visual phase change heat storage experimental platform to compare the heat storage and release performances of four different structures: pure paraffin, fins, metal foam, and fin-metal foam, throughout the complete melting-solidification cycle. Experimental snapshots and real-time data acquisition are utilized to obtain phase interface changes and internal temperature variations at different time intervals, enabling a quantitative comparison of melting and solidification time and corresponding temperature responses. The findings reveal that both fins and metal foam effectively improve melting and solidification performance, with fins exhibiting more pronounced temperature responses, while metal foam demonstrates enhanced temperature uniformity. The comprehensive utilization of the fin-foam metal structure demonstrates the best heat storage/release performance. Compared to the pure phase change material (PCM) structure, heat storage and release time are reduced by 61.6% and 82%, respectively, while the average temperature response during the heat storage and release process improves by 122.4% and 429.8%.
Numerical Investigation on Overall Cooling Effectiveness of Narrow-Channel Double-Wall Cooling
Authors: Xu Guangyao , Du Qiang , Xu Qingzong , Li Hongye , Liu Haoyang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the double-wall cooling of turbine blades, coolant migration can lead to uneven flow distribution, which, in severe cases, can cause hot gas intrusion into the film holes, affecting the lifespan of the blade. To mitigate the negative influence of coolant migration, this study proposes a novel double-wall system called the narrow-channel double-wall cooling (NCDW) system, where thin walls are arranged inside the internal channel of double-wall cooling to achieve a more balanced coolant distribution for film holes. However, the addition of thin walls alters the flow and heat transfer distributions within the double-wall structure, ultimately affecting the overall cooling effectiveness. Therefore, numerical methods are employed in this study to analyze the flow distribution characteristics, overall cooling effectiveness, and internal heat transfer characteristics of the narrow-channel double-wall cooling. The numerical results demonstrate that narrow-channel double-wall cooling, with or without pin fins, significantly improves the uneven mass flow distribution in the film holes while maintaining an overall cooling effectiveness that is comparable to that of the double-wall effusion cooling (DWEC) system. It is worth noting that although the overall cooling effectiveness difference is slight, there are significant differences in the internal-heat-transfer characteristics between the two double-wall cooling systems. Additionally, the study discusses the influence of narrow wall thickness on the overall cooling effectiveness and flow distributions, revealing that a thinner wall can lead to higher overall cooling effectiveness in narrow-channel double-wall cooling.
Extended Neumann's Solution Accounting for Rayleigh–Bénard Convection in the Melt Layer of a Phase Change Material
Authors: Sun Haochen , Atkins Michael David , Kang Kiju , Lu Tian Jian , Kim Tongbeum 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Neumann's solution has been perceived to be inapplicable for the Stefan problem when Rayleigh–Bénard (R–B) convection exists. Yet, this article challenges this perception by demonstrating the applicability of Neumann's solution in the context of R–B convection. The temporal, countergravitational progression of a liquid–solid interface is distinctively attributed by R–B convection, sequentially transforming from diffusive to convective state as the melt phase thickens. We thus incorporate a lumped parameter, “convective conductivity” that accounts for the distinctive temporal thickening of the melt phase and replaces “stagnant thermal conductivity” in Neumann's solution. Thus, the extended Neumann's solution that includes R–B convection, enables the temporal progression of the liquid–solid interface to be precisely determined for quasi-steady phase transition.
Transient Heat Transfer to Rolling or Sliding Drops on Inclined Heated Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Furner Joseph , Maynes Daniel , Iverson Brian , Crockett Julie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The thermal transport to drops that roll or slide down heated superhydrophobic surfaces is explored. High-speed infrared imaging is performed to provide time-resolved measurement of the heat transfer to the drop. Data are obtained for drops moving along smooth hydrophobic and structured superhydrophobic surfaces. Both post and rib style structures with surface solid fractions ranging from 0.06 to 1.0 are considered. The inclination angle of the surfaces was varied from 10 deg to 25 deg, and the drop volume was varied from 12 to 40 μL. The measurements reveal that the drop speed is a strong function of both the inclination angle and the surface solid fraction. Further, the heat transfer is strongly affected by the surface solid fraction and the drop speed. Surfaces with low solid fraction result in a decrease in the initial heat transfer compared to the behavior observed for drops on a smooth surface. At the smallest solid fractions explored the reduction in heat transfer is nearly 80%. For rib structured surfaces, drop motion both along and perpendicular to the rib direction was considered and the heat transfer is larger for drops moving in the parallel rib configuration. This variation is likely caused by the increased rolling speed that prevails for the parallel rib case. Over 130 unique conditions were explored, and the results from all cases were used to develop correlations that enable prediction of the heat transfer to drops rolling or sliding down smooth hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces.
Is everything everywhere? A hands-on activity to engage undergraduates with key concepts in quantitative microbial biogeography
Authors: Vandepol Natalie S. , Shade Ashley 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The ubiquity and ease with which microbial cells disperse over space is a key concept in microbiology, especially in microbial ecology. The phenomenon prompted Baas Becking’s famous “everything is everywhere” statement that now acts as the null hypothesis in studies that test the dispersal limitation of microbial taxa. Despite covering the content in lectures, exam performance indicated that the concepts of dispersal and biogeography challenged undergraduate students in an upper-level Microbial Ecology course. Therefore, we iteratively designed a hands-on classroom activity to supplement the lecture content and reinforce fundamental microbial dispersal and biogeography concepts while also building quantitative reasoning and teamwork skills. In a class period soon after the lecture, the students formed three-to-five-person teams to engage in the activity, which included a hands-on dispersal simulation and worksheet to guide discussion. The simulation involved stepwise neutral immigration or emigration and then environmental selection on a random community of microbial taxa represented by craft poms. The students recorded the results at each step as microbial community data. A field guide was provided to identify the taxonomy based on the pom phenotype and a reference to each taxon’s preferred environmental niches. The worksheet guided a reflection of student observations during the simulation. It also sharpened quantitative thinking by prompting the students to summarize and visualize their and other teams’ microbial community data and then to compare the observed community distributions to the idealized expectation given only selection without dispersal. We found that the activity improved student performance on exam questions and general student satisfaction and comfort with the biogeography concepts. Activity instructions and a list of needed materials are included for instructors to reproduce for their classrooms.
Early automated cerebral edema assessment following endovascular therapy: impact on stroke outcome
Authors: Guasch-Jiménez Marina , Dhar Rajat , Kumar Atul , Cifarelli Julien , Ezcurra-Díaz Garbiñe , Lambea-Gil Álvaro , Ramos-Pachón Anna , Martínez-Domeño Alejandro , Prats-Sánchez Luis , Guisado-Alonso Daniel , Fernández-Cadenas Israel , Aguilera-Simón Ana , Marín Rebeca , Martínez-González José Pablo , Ortega-Quintanilla Joaquin , Fernández-Pérez Isabel , Avellaneda-Gómez Carla , Rodríguez-Pardo Jorge , de Celis Elena , Moniche Francisco , Freijo María del Mar , Cortijo Elisa , Trillo Santiago , Camps-Renom Pol , Martí-Fábregas Joan 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundCerebral edema (CED) is associated with poorer outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aim of the study was to investigate the factors contributing to greater early CED formation in patients with AIS who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT) and its association with functional outcome.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter cohort study of patients with an anterior circulation AIS undergoing EVT. The volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was extracted from baseline and 24-hour follow-up CT using an automated algorithm. The severity of CED was quantified by the percentage reduction in CSF volume between CT scans (∆CSF). The primary endpoint was a shift towards an unfavorable outcome, assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed. The ∆CSF threshold that predicted unfavorable outcome was selected using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsWe analyzed 201 patients (mean age 72.7 years, 47.8% women) in whom CED was assessable for 85.6%. Higher systolic blood pressure during EVT and failure to achieve modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 3 were found to be independent predictors of greater CED. ∆CSF was independently associated with the probability of a one-point worsening in the mRS score (common odds ratio (cOR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.08) after adjusting for age, baseline mRS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and number of passes. Displacement of more than 25% of CSF was associated with an unfavorable outcome (OR 6.09, 95% CI 3.01 to 12.33) and mortality (OR 6.72, 95% CI 2.94 to 15.32).ConclusionsEarly CED formation in patients undergoing EVT was affected by higher blood pressure and incomplete reperfusion. The extent of early CED, measured by automated ∆CSF, was associated with worse outcomes.
Theoretical study of low-lying electronic states spectra and transition properties of BeS molecule
Authors: Sun Shan , Gao Yufeng , Zhu Zunlue 
Published: April 2024

There are only limited theoretical results published on the transition properties of the X1Σ+, A1Π, B1Σ+, C1Δ, D1Σ−, E1Δ, a3Π, b3Σ+, and c3Δ states of BeS, and even some of the states have no theoretical and experimental reports on the relevant aspects of these transitions. Therefore, we derived these transition properties in this study. The potential energy curves of X1Σ+, A1Π, B1Σ+, C1Δ, D1Σ−, E1Δ, a3Π, b3Σ+, c3Δ, d3Σ−, and e3Σ− states of the BeS molecule with their Ω states and the transition dipole moments between them were calculated by the complete active space self-consistent field method, followed by the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method. For the accurate computation of the transition properties, scalar relativistic corrections and core–valence correlation were considered. The radiative lifetimes were approximately 10−6 s for the A1Π and b3Σ+ states, 10−7 s for the E1Δ state, 10−7–10−8 s for the C1Δ and D1Σ− states, and 10−8 s for the B1Σ+, c3Δ, and e3Σ− states. The transition properties of the seven Ω states generated by the X1Σ+, A1Π, B1Σ+, and a3Π electronic states, including several electric dipole-forbidden transitions were researched. In particular, the B1Σ+ 0+–X1Σ+ 0+, B1Σ+ 0+–A1Π1, and A1Π1–X1Σ+ 0+ systems have strong transitions. In this paper, the radiative lifetimes of A1Π1, B1Σ+ 0+, a3Π0−, a3Π0+, and a3Π1 electronic states were also computed. For the A1Π1, B1Σ+ 0+, and a3Π1 states, the distribution of the radiation lifetime with the rotational angular momentum quantum number J at 0 ≤ υ ≤ 15 and J ≤ 70 was evaluated. It is expected that the outcome of the calculations in this paper can contribute some meaningful guidelines for conducting further theoretical and experimental investigations.
Mesoscale Ocean–Atmosphere Coupling Effects on the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water
Authors: Yu Jingjie , Gan Bolan , Yang Haiyuan , Chen Zhaohui , Xu Lixiao , Wu Lixin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Subtropical mode water (STMW) is a thick layer of water mass characterized by homogeneous properties within the main pycnocline, important for oceanic oxygen utilization, carbon sequestration, and climate regulation. North Pacific STMW is formed in the Kuroshio Extension region, where vigorous mesoscale eddies strongly interact with the atmosphere. However, it remains unknown how such mesoscale ocean–atmosphere (MOA) coupling affects the STMW formation. By conducting twin simulations with an eddy-resolving global climate model, we find that approximately 25% more STMW is formed with the MOA coupling than without it. This is attributable to a significant increase in ocean latent heat release primarily driven by higher wind speed over the STMW formation region, which is associated with the southward deflection of storm tracks in response to oceanic mesoscale imprints. Such enhanced surface latent heat loss overwhelms the stronger upper-ocean restratification induced by vertical eddy and turbulent heat transport, leading to the formation of colder and denser STMW in the presence of MOA coupling. Further investigation of a multimodel and multiresolution ensemble of global coupled models reveals that the agreement between the STMW simulation in eddy-present/rich coupled models and observations is superior to that of eddy-free ones, likely due to more realistic representation of MOA coupling. However, the ocean-alone model simulations show significant limitations in improving STMW production, even with refined model resolution. This indicates the importance of incorporating the MOA coupling into Earth system models to alleviate biases in STMW and associated climatic and biogeochemical impacts.

Significance Statement
North Pacific subtropical mode water (STMW) is a distinct pycnostad within the main thermocline located south of the Kuroshio Extension. As short-term heat and carbon silos, STMW is traditionally thought to be driven by the basin-scale atmospheric forcing. The role of air–sea interactions at mesoscales residing in the Kuroshio Extension region has been overlooked. Here, we demonstrate that the strong thermal feedback of mesoscale sea surface temperature anomalies is not negligible for the STMW formation. This is achieved by accelerating wind and consequently promoting ocean latent heat release. Our results pinpoint the significance of accounting for the role of oceanic mesoscale feedback in improving the simulation of STMW as well as its climatic and biogeochemical impacts in Earth system models.
Death education interventions for people with advanced diseases and/or their family caregivers: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Tong , Cheung Kin , Cheng Huilin 
Published: April 2024

Background: People with life-threatening diseases and their family caregivers confront psychosocial and spiritual issues caused by the persons’ impending death. Reviews of death education interventions in the context of life-threatening diseases are scarce and limited to certain intervention types. Aims: This study aims to ascertain existing evidence on death education interventions for the population of adults with advanced diseases and/or their family caregivers and identify gaps for future research. Design: A scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Data sources: Thirteen electronic databases were searched for experimental and qualitative studies on death education interventions for the advanced disease population and/or their family caregivers between 1 January 1960 and 25 October 2023. Results: Nine types of interventions were identified in 47 studies, which included 5 qualitative and 42 experimental designs, half of which were pilot and feasibility trials. Most of the studies focused on people with advanced cancer, and only seven investigated caregivers or families/couples. Death-related outcomes were less likely to be assessed relative to psychological outcomes, spiritual well-being, and quality of life. Life review interventions, cognitive-behavior therapy, narrative therapy, and general psychosocial interventions decreased depression and anxiety, but evidence was limited. Factors contributing to the interventions’ success included intervention content, which enabled the disclosure of personal experience and death concerns comfortably, trained professionals, and connection to family caregivers. Conclusions: This work identified a few potentially effective death education interventions for psychological outcomes for people with advanced cancer or their caregivers. Additional trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of these interventions.
Lateral Ankle Joint Injuries in Indoor and Court Sports: A Systematic Video Analysis of 445 Nonconsecutive Case Series
Authors: Bagehorn Timo , de Zee Mark , Fong Daniel T.P. , Thorborg Kristian , Kersting Uwe G. , Lysdal Filip Gertz 
Published: April 2024

Background: Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in indoor and court sports. Self-reports and case studies have indicated that these injuries occur via both contact and noncontact injury mechanisms typically because of excessive inversion in combination with plantarflexion and adduction of the foot. Video-based documentation of the injury mechanism exists, but the number of cases reported in the literature is limited. Purpose: To retrieve and systematically analyze a large number of video-recorded lateral ankle injuries from indoor and court sports, as well as describe the injury mechanism, injury motion, and injury pattern across different sports. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 445 unique video-recorded lateral ankle sprain injuries were retrieved from indoor and court sports of broadcasted levels of competition. The videos were independently analyzed by 2 different reviewers. Outcomes included classification of the injury mechanism according to the International Olympic Committee consensus guidelines, primary and secondary motions of ankle joint distortion, and documentation of the fixation point (fulcrum) around which the foot rotates. Results: Overall, 298 (67%) injuries were direct contact, 113 (25%) were noncontact, and 32 (7%) were indirect contact incidents. Direct contact injuries were especially prevalent in basketball (76%), handball (80%), and volleyball (85%), while noncontact injuries dominated in tennis and badminton (96% vs 95% across both). Inversion (65%) and internal rotation (33%) were the primary distortion motions, with the lateral forefoot (53%) and lateral midfoot (40%) serving as the main fulcrums. Landing on another player's foot was the leading cause of injury (n = 246; 55%), primarily characterized by inversion (79%) around a midfoot fulcrum (54%). The noncontact and indirect landings on floor (n = 144; 33%) were primarily characterized by a distortion around a forefoot fulcrum (69%). Conclusion: Two of 3 ankle sprains from online video platforms were direct contact injuries, with most involving landing on another player's foot. The distortion motion seems to be related to the injury mechanism and the fixation point between the foot and the floor. The injury mechanisms varied greatly between sports, and future studies should clearly differentiate and investigate the specific injury mechanisms.