bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust and State Effectiveness: The Political Economy of Compliance
Authors: Besley Timothy , Dray Sacha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the link between trust in government, policymaking and compliance. It focuses on a specific channel whereby citizens who are convinced of the merits of a policy are more motivated to comply with it. This, in turn, reduces the government’s cost of implementing this policy and may also increase the set of feasible interventions. As a result, state effectiveness is greater when citizens trust their government. The paper discusses alternative approaches to modelling the origins of trust, especially the link to the design of political institutions. We then provide empirical evidence consistent with the model’s findings that compliance is increasing in government trust using the Integrated Values Survey and voluntary compliance during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom.
Significance of preoperative exercise oxygen desaturation in lung cancer with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Ueda Takuya , Takamochi Kazuya , Fukui Mariko , Ichikawa Tomohiro , Hattori Aritoshi , Matsunaga Takeshi , Oh Shiaki , Tomita Hisashi , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Evaluating the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) is crucial for patients with lung cancer and interstitial lung disease. However, the clinical significance of assessing exercise oxygen desaturation (EOD) remains unclear.

METHODS
We retrospectively analysed 186 consecutive patients with interstitial lung disease who underwent lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer. EOD was assessed using the two-flight test (TFT), with TFT positivity defined as ≥5% SpO2 reduction. We investigated the impact of EOD and predicted postoperative (ppo)%DLco on postoperative complications and prognosis.

RESULTS
A total of 106 (57%) patients were identified as TFT-positive, and 58 (31%) patients had ppo% DLco &lt; 30%. Pulmonary complications were significantly more prevalent in TFT-positive patients than in TFT-negative patients (52% vs 19%, P &lt; 0.001), and multivariable analysis revealed that TFT-positivity was an independent risk factor (odds ratio 3.46, 95% confidence interval 1.70–7.07, P &lt; 0.001), whereas ppo%DLco was not (P = 0.09). In terms of long-term outcomes, both TFT positivity and ppo%DLco &lt; 30% independently predicted overall survival. We divided the patients into 4 groups based on TFT positivity and ppo%DLco status. TFT-positive patients with ppo%DLco &lt; 30% exhibited the significantly lowest 5-year overall survival among the 4 groups: ppo%DLco ≥ 30% and TFT-negative, 54.2%; ppo%DLco &lt; 30% and TFT-negative, 68.8%; ppo%DLco ≥ 30% and TFT-positive, 38.1%; and ppo%DLco &lt; 30% and TFT-positive, 16.7% (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Incorporating EOD evaluation was useful for predicting postoperative complications and survival outcomes in patients with lung cancer and interstitial lung disease.
Hybrid noncovered open stents in repair of DeBakey type 1 acute aortic dissections
Authors: Luthra Suvitesh , Miskolczi Szabolcs , Velissaris Theodore , De Silva Ravi J , Luehr Maximilian , Kempfert Jörg , Moon Michael C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The indications for use, evidence base and experience with the novel noncovered open hybrid surgical stents for acute type A aortic dissection repair for concurrent stabilization of the ‘downstream’ aorta remains limited. We review the evidence base and the development of these stents.

METHODS
Data were collected from Pubmed/Medline literature search to develop and review the evidence base for safety and efficacy of non-covered surgical stents. Existing guidelines for use and developments were reviewed.

RESULTS
A single randomized control trial and 4 single-centre studies were included in the review with a total worldwide experience of 241 patients. The deployment was easy and did not add significantly to the primary operation. The mortality and new stroke ranged from 6.3–18.7%. Safe and complete deployment was accomplished in 92–100%. There was no device-related reintervention. There was a significant improvement in malperfusion in over 90% of the cases with varying degrees of remodelling (60–90%) of the downstream aorta.

CONCLUSIONS
Open noncovered stent grafts represent a major technical advancement as an adjunct procedure for acute dissection repairs, e.g. hemiarch repair. It has potential for wider use by non-aortic surgeons due to simplicity of technique. Limited safety and efficacy data confirm the device to be safe, feasible and reproducible with potential for wider adoption. However, long-term trial and registry data are required before recommendations for standard use outside of high-volume experienced aortic centres.
Foliar Nutrient Composition of Juniperus osteosperma and Environmental Interactions
Authors: Bunderson Eileen D. , Weber Darrell J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Two hundred fifty-five trees of Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little) were sampled from 17 pinyon-juniper sites in Utah and analyzed for foliar-mineral composition, total soluble carbohydrate, and total chlorophyll content. These foliar nutrient factors were compared to each other and related to a variety of environmental site factors including temperature, precipitation, and soil nutrient levels. Trees from each site were classified according to age and each age group was analyzed separately. Data indicate concentrations of N, P, and K in all age groups are consistent with other forest species. Concentrations of Ca varied while amounts of Na and Fe were unusually high, particularly in seedlings. Strong correlations (α = 0.01) were noted between amounts of precipitation in the research sites and variations in foliar nutrient content. Forest Sci. 32:149-156.
Measurement of Seed Vigor for Loblolly and Slash Pines
Authors: Bonner F. T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Seed vigor test results for loblolly and slash pines were compared to germination performance data, both in the laboratory and in nursery beds. Of all laboratory vigor tests, only tetrazolium staining and leachate conductivity could be correlated with germination. Laboratory percent germination and Peak Value (a measure of germination rate) provided good vigor estimates. Derivation of these parameters from germination models based on the Weibull function was no better than obtaining them from standard germination test data with frequent counts. Leachate conductivity measurments were very promising and should be used if time constraints do not allow a germination test. Forest Sci. 32:170-178.
Response Increment: A Method to Analyze Thinning Response in Even-Aged Forests
Authors: Horne Ross , Robinson Grant , Gwalter John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A method to analyze the relationship between forest stand increment and density is described. Basal area growth response is examined by partitioning increment from ranked strata within the stand into increment which is dependent on density change and that which is not. This allows resolution of the total increment to density relationship into a number of recognizable segments. The partitioned increment to stocking relationships are found to be closely approximated by modified Weibull density and distribution functions. The method, illustrated with P. radiata D. Don data, is applicable to a wide range of even-aged forest data and can be used to improve basal area increment models. Forest Sci. 32:243-253.
Dry Weight and Nutrient Content of Fuelwood Biomass from Loblolly Pine Stands in North Louisiana
Authors: Lockaby B. G. , Adams J. C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Three mature loblolly pine stands in north Louisiana were sampled to determine the dry weight and nutrient content of both the understory hardwoods and the pine biomass that would remain following a conventional harvest. Approximately 52 t/ha of understory hardwoods and 22 t/ha of pine residues were estimated to exist in these stands. Combined, this biomass contained 208, 16, 114, 215, and 40 kg/ha of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Potential removal of these quantities in a fuelwood harvest would not appear to greatly diminish soil pools of the same elements. Forest Sci. 32:3-9.
A Ratio Approach to Predicting Merchantable Yields of Unthinned Loblolly Pine Plantations
Authors: Amateis Ralph L. , Burkhart Harold E. , Burk Thomas E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A stand-level ratio model is presented which uses the stand attributes age, site index, basal area, and number of surviving trees per acre to portion total stand yield to any desired top diameter and/or threshold dbh limit. A model is also presented which distributes the total number of trees by diameter such that the basal area is consistent with total stand basal area. Comparisons with two Weibull-based diameter distribution approaches showed the ratio approach to be a practical and satisfactory alternative. Coefficients for the equations were developed for unthinned old-field and cutover, site-prepared loblolly pine plantations. Forest Sci. 32:287-296.
Estimating and Valuing Western Pine Beetle Impacts
Authors: Liebhold Andrew M. , Berck Peter , Williams Nancy A. , Wood David L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A tree growth and mortality model was developed to simulate timber production with and without tree mortality caused by the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte. Stumpage value at time of harvest was discounted back to the time of mortality. A logging cost model was used to estimate revenue generated from salvaging killed trees. These values were assembled to estimate the value at risk from western pine beetle-caused tree mortality. Simulated estimates of beetle impact were affected by interest rate, time of final harvest, spatial aggregation of mortality, and distribution of mortality in relation to tree diameter and stand density. The model developed here simplified certain biological relationships. Its development highlighted the lack of quantitative data on biological factors affecting western pine beetle impact. Forest Sci. 32:325-338.
Temperature and Time in Storage Influence the Efficacy of Selected Isolates of Fungi in Commercially Produced Ectomycorrhizal Inoculum
Authors: Hung Ling-Ling L. , Molina Randy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Eight isolates of three ectomycorrhizal fungi were tested for effect of inoculum storage on mycorrhiza formation with Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco]. Factors tested were inoculation rate (from 1:256 to 1:4), storage temperature (2°C vs. 21°C), and storage time (up to 1 year). Initial growth chamber tests showed that fresh inocula of the three available isolates of Laccaria laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Berk. and Br. and the one isolate of Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull.) Quel. formed abundant mycorrhizae (&gt;76.3 percent of the feeder roots) with container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings. However, only one of the four available isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch was effective.
In general, fresh inocula of L. laccata and H. crustuliniforme were the most effective; their effectiveness remained high for a month of storage, then declined rapidly for a short period, then slowly to the point of no mycorrhiza formation. The effectiveness declined more rapidly with lower inoculation rates. Storage at 2°C prolonged inoculum viability for at least 2 months over that of 21°C storage. Inoculum from different fungal species or isolates within a species responded to storage temperature differently. P. tinctorius inoculum was the most sensitive: one-month storage strongly reduced its effectiveness. The difference between 2°C and 21°C storage was more obvious in H. crustuliniforme than in either isolate of L. laccata. Forest Sci. 32:534-545.
Effect of Family and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Foliar Nutrients of Douglas-fir Saplings
Authors: DeBell Dean S. , Silen Roy R. , Radwan M. A. , Mandel Nancy L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Family x fertilizer-interactions were evaluated in a split-plot experiment involving 12 open-pollinated families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). The fertilizer treatment was applied when trees were 12 years of age, and response was measured as cumulative volume growth during the next 4 years. Volume growth varied among families and was increased by an average of 7 percent by application of 224 kg ha-1 N as urea. Foliar concentrations of some nutrients also differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among families and between fertilizer treatments. The family x fertilizer interaction was not significant for any growth or foliar nutrient variable. Forest Sci. 32:643-652.
A Matrix Model of Oak-Hickory Stand Management and Valuing Forest Land
Authors: Michie B. R. , McCandless F. D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A matrix model of oak-hickory stands is developed for analyzing the economics of naturally regenerated even-aged hardwood forests. Linear programming is used to evaluate two oak-hickory stands. The model addresses the inherent differences between the management of naturally regenerated forests with traditional plantation management. The value of liquidating a stand in one harvest is compared with liquidation in two harvests. The value of maintaining an oak-hickory stand in even-aged management forever is determined for existing stands by calculating the present value of two variable harvests plus an infinite series of identical rotations (each consisting of two harvests) thereafter. The first harvest may be either a preparation cut or a regeneration cut depending on the condition of the existing stand. A preparation cut opens the stand to encourage the establishment of natural regeneration. A regeneration cut releases the regeneration encouraged by the preparation cut. Forest Sci. 32:759-768.
Intermediate Inputs and the Estimation of Technical Change: The Lumber and Wood Products Industry
Authors: Bengston David N. , Strees Anne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Previous studies estimating the rate of technical change in the forest products industries have assumed an industry production function in which output is measured as value-added. In the value-added model, intermediate inputs—such as stumpage and energy—are not treated symmetrically with capital and labor inputs. The value-added model places unnecessary restrictions on the production process and producer behavior, and rules out changes in the forest resource and other intermediate inputs as a source of technical change. This note examines the measurement of technical change in the U.S. lumber and wood products industry by empirically comparing the value-added model of production with a gross output model that explicitly includes intermediate inputs in the production process. It is shown that the rates of technical change estimated from the two models diverge sharply. Implications for future research are discussed in a concluding section. Forest Sci. 32:1078-1085.
Evaluating Forest Vegetative Cover with Computerized Analysis of Fisheye Photographs
Authors: Chan S. S. , McCreight R. W. , Walstad J. D. , Spies T. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A versatile, computerized system for expediting analysis of fisheye photos of forest and shrub canopy conditions was developed and refined. The materials necessary for taking and analyzing fisheye photos are readily available and the methods easily learned. Although the equipment required (camera, fisheye lens, microcomputer, and related accessories) has a relatively high fixed cost, the efficiency and accuracy gained may justify implementing the system, particularly if large numbers of photos must be processed. Computerized fisheye photographic analysis is a practical tool for assessing and documenting forest vegetative cover and its implications for the radiation environment of understory plants. Forest Sci. 32:1085-1091.
Butt-Log Profile Equations
Authors: Bruce David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Several mathematical models were developed that describe the shape of butt logs and can be used to calculate their volumes. Three methods of developing profile equations were tested. The best method was to use the differentials of the individual terms of an unbiased volume estimator plus information about log shape to form the equation. The equation was then conditioned so that its volume estimates were compatible with the estimator. Several techniques for developing profile equations are described. Two potentially useful butt-log profile equations are derived. For. Sci. 33(1):104-115.
The Economic Efficiency of Forest Taxes
Authors: Gamponia Villamor , Mendelsohn Robert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The forest taxation literature has focused on measuring "tax burden," the present value of the difference between untaxed forest income and net after tax income. If, as many authors assume, taxes have no effect on forest management, this measure is always just the present value of the tax revenue collected. Although interesting, tax burden will often fail to measure whether one tax is more efficient than another. Excess burden, the present value of lost income from tax-induced distortions, is the appropriate measure of the relative efficiency of forest taxes. This paper measures one component of excess burden, the magnitude of the rotation age distortions caused by property and yield taxes. Collecting equivalent revenue, yield taxes actually do outperform property taxes but provide only a small quantitative advantage. For. Sci. 33(2):367-378.
Multiobjective Programming for Generating Alternatives: A Multiple-Use Planning Example
Authors: Mendoza Guillermo A. , Bare B. Bruce , Campbell Gene E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper describes two related issues pertaining to the role of multiple objective programming (MOP) in complex forest planning problems. First, some implications of using inadequate MOP models in complex forest planning problems are described. Second, an alternative MOP approach--modeling to generate alternatives--is presented and illustrated using a multiple-use planning example. For. Sci. 33(2):458-468.
A Method for Estimating Log Grade Distribution in Sugar Maple
Authors: Reed David D. , Lyon Gary W. , Jones Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A method is presented for estimating the distribution of gross board foot volume by log grade in sugar maple. Posterior probability expressions from linear discriminate analysis are used to estimate the expected proportion of a tree's total volume falling into each log grade class. The method is illustrated using data from sugar maple stands in northern Michigan. These results have been incorporated into a stand table projection system which takes quality development as well as biological growth into account. For. Sci. 33(2):565-569.
Determinants of Reforestation Behavior Among Southern Landowners
Authors: Royer Jack P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Accurate models of reforestation behavior are important to projecting the nation's softwood timber supplies and deciding on appropriate public responses, if any, to encourage tree planting. Logistical regression models of the reforestation behavior of southern landowners show the probability of actively regenerating pine on cutover timberlands to be a function of market and policy influences, provided the landowners are in a financial position to consider investments, are not constrained by competing land management objectives, and are informed about reforestation opportunities. Land-owners are most sensitive to reforestation costs, cost-sharing, income limitations, and technical assistance. For. Sci. 33(3):654-667.
Jackknife and Bootstrap Estimation for Sampling with Partial Replacement
Authors: Schreuder H. T. , Li H. G. , Scott C. T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Jackknife and bootstrap estimators and variance estimators were compared with a classical estimator and variance estimator for sampling with partial replacement (SPR) on two occasions. One hundred twenty plots were sampled at time 1. At time 2, 10, 20, or 30 plots were remeasured, and a new sample size of size 20 was also selected. The samples were drawn from three large samples of forest plots from the northeastern United States, which were treated as populations. Although variables are correlated on the two occasions (r = 0.648 - 0.891), the assumptions of linearity and homogeneity of variance are questionable.
The classical estimator is generally preferable to the jackknife and bootstrap estimators when both estimation bias and efficiency are important in SPR sampling. The jackknife variance estimator is generally preferable if variance estimation bias and confidence limit coverage rates are taken into consideration, particularly for skewed populations with small sample sizes. Generally, these jackknife variance estimates are less stable than the classical variance estimates. For. Sci. 33(3):676-689.
Water Relations and Leaf Morphology of Juniperus occidentalis in the Northern Great Basin
Authors: Miller Richard F. , Shultz Leila M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Relationships between seasonal and diurnal leaf conductance, xylem sap potential, transpiration rates, osmotic potential, vapor pressure deficit, soil and air temperatures, soil water potential, and photosynthetic active radiation are quantified for Juniperus occidentalis Hook. Additionally, xeromorphic aspects of leaf morphology were examined with electron microscopy. Xylem sap potentials and leaf conductance ranged from -0.5 to -2.7 MPa and 0.02 to 0.13 cm s-1, respectively, during the two-year study. Leaf conductance is not clearly related to any single environmental variable, but is primarily influenced by vapor pressure deficit, photosynthetically active radiation, and factors such as soil and air temperatures, and soil water, which influence the resistance of water flow through the plant. Stomates usually closed when xylem sap potentials reached - 2.0 MPa. Stomates on mature leaves are distributed unequally on adaxial and abaxial surfaces, with none occurring on exposed surfaces. Drought avoidance mechanisms displayed by the plant were leaf morphological characteristics, low maximum leaf conductance, and reduced maximum leaf conductance under high evaporative conditions. Cold soil temperatures increased resistance of water flow through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Xeromorphic leaf structure as well as seasonal osmotic adjustment provide primary mechanisms in the tolerance of Juniperus occidentalis to drought stress. For. Sci. 33(3):690-706.