bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose—Response Effects of Intermittent PTH on Cancellous Bone in Hindlimb Unloaded Rats
Authors: Turner Russell T , Evans Glenda L , Lotinun Sutada , Lapke Paul D , Iwaniec Urszula T , Morey-Holton Emily 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHLU suppressed bone formation and resulted in bone loss in the tibial metaphysis of 6-month-old male rats. A human therapeutic dose of intermittent PTH (1 μg/kg/day) prevented the skeletal changes associated with HLU.Introduction: Skeletal unloading of skeletally mature rats results in trabecular thinning in the proximal tibial metaphysis, which is in part caused by a decrease in bone formation. We examined the efficacy of PTH in preventing the detrimental skeletal effects that occur with hindlimb unloading (HLU).Materials and Methods: Six-month-old male Fisher 344 rats were HLU and treated with vehicle or recombinant human PTH(1-34) at 1, 5, 20, or 80 μg/kg/day for 2 weeks. The bone response was measured by μCT analysis of bone structure, histomorphometric analysis of static and dynamic bone parameters, and Northern blot analysis of mRNA levels for bone matrix proteins. The PTH-treated HLU animals were compared with vehicle-treated HLU and pair-fed normal weight-bearing controls.Results: Unloading resulted in a decrease in cancellous bone volume that was caused in part by a dramatic 83% decrease in bone formation. All dose rates (1–80 μg/kg/day) of human PTH(1-34) significantly increased bone formation rates compared with vehicle-treated HLU controls. There was a dose response, and the highest dose rate of the hormone increased bone formation compared with normal weight-bearing rats by 708% (p &lt; 0.0001). The increases in bone formation were accompanied by increases in mRNA levels for type 1 collagen, osteocalcin, and osteonectin. Also, treatment with PTH resulted in increases in mineral apposition rate and double-labeled perimeter, but the latter was disproportionally increased at high dose rates. A therapeutic dose of PTH (1 μg/kg/day) prevented disuse-induced trabecular thinning, whereas high-dose PTH (80 μg/kg/day) increased trabecular thickness compared with normal weight-bearing rats.Conclusions: These findings reveal that administration of a therapeutic dose of PTH to HLU rats prevents the decrease in bone formation and trabecular thinning, whereas high dose rates of the hormone increase bone formation and trabecular thickness to values that exceed normal values.
Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing through a Hydrogel‐Based Cascade Regulation Strategy of Fibroblast‐Macrophage
Authors: Jin Nuo , Wang Zilin , Tang Xi , Jin Nianqiang , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe management of diabetic wounds (DWs) continues to pose a significant challenge in the field of medicine. DWs are primarily prevented from healing due to damage to macrophage efferocytosis and fibroblast dysfunction. Consequently, a treatment strategy that involves both immunoregulation and the promotion of extracellular matrix (ECM) formation holds promise for healing DWs. Nevertheless, existing treatment methods necessitate complex interventions and are associated with increased costs, for example, the use of cytokines and cell therapy, both of which have limited effectiveness. In this study, a new type of ruthenium (IV) oxide nanoparticles (RNPs)‐laden hybrid hydrogel dressing with a double network of Pluronic F127 and F68 has been developed. Notably, the hybrid hydrogel demonstrates remarkable thermosensitivity, injectability, immunoregulatory characteristics, and healing capability. RNPs in hydrogel effectively regulate both fibroblasts and macrophages in a cascade manner, stimulating fibroblast differentiation while synergistically enhancing the efferocytosis of macrophage. The immunoregulatory character of the hydrogel aids in restoring the intrinsic stability of the immune microenvironment in the wound and facilitates essential remodeling of the ECM. This hydrogel therefore offers a novel approach for treating DWs through intercellular communication.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2‐trans‐Disubstituted PhSO2CF2‐containing Cyclopropanes
Authors: Zhao Chengtao , Besset Tatiana , Jubault Philippe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe direct diastereo‐ and enantioselective Ru(II)‐ catalyzed cyclopropanation reaction of alkenes with ((2‐diazo‐1,1‐difluoroethyl)sulfinyl)benzene was described. The desired enantioenriched PhSO2CF2‐cyclopropanes were obtained in high yields with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities in the presence of a chiral ruthenium complex Ru(II)‐Pheox (17–94% yields, >20:1 d.r. and 83:17–98:2 e.r.). The robustness of the approach was showcased and This methodology gave access to chiral 1,2‐trans difluoro‐methylcyclopropanes.
Fundamentally Manipulating the Electronic Structure of Polar Bifunctional Catalysts for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: Heterojunction Design versus Doping Engineering
Authors: Xu Huifang , Jiang Qingbin , Shu Zheng , Hui Kwan San , Wang Shuo , Zheng Yunshan , Liu Xiaolu , Xie Huixian , (Andy) Ip Weng‐Fai , Zha Chenyang , Cai Yongqing , Hui Kwun Nam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous structures and doping strategies have been intensively used to manipulate the catalytic conversion of polysulfides to enhance reaction kinetics and suppress the shuttle effect in lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. However, understanding how to select suitable strategies for engineering the electronic structure of polar catalysts is lacking. Here, a comparative investigation between heterogeneous structures and doping strategies is conducted to assess their impact on the modulation of the electronic structures and their effectiveness in catalyzing the conversion of polysulfides. These findings reveal that Co0.125Zn0.875Se, with metal‐cation dopants, exhibits superior performance compared to CoSe2/ZnSe heterogeneous structures. The incorporation of low Co2+ dopants induces the subtle lattice strain in Co0.125Zn0.875Se, resulting in the increased exposure of active sites. As a result, Co0.125Zn0.875Se demonstrates enhanced electron accumulation on surface Se sites, improved charge carrier mobility, and optimized both p‐band and d‐band centers. The Li‐S cells employing Co0.125Zn0.875Se catalyst demonstrate significantly improved capacity (1261.3 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C) and cycle stability (0.048% capacity delay rate within 1000 cycles at 2 C). This study provides valuable guidance for the modulation of the electronic structure of typical polar catalysts, serving as a design directive to tailor the catalytic activity of advanced Li‐S catalysts.
An Ultrasensitive Biomimetic Optic Afferent Nervous System with Circadian Learnability
Authors: Wang Kaiyang , Ren Shuhui , Jia Yunfang , Yan Xiaobing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe optic afferent nervous system (OANS) plays a significant role in generating vision and circadian behaviors based on light detection and signals from the endocrine system. However, the bionic simulation of this photochemically mediated behavior is still a challenge for neuromorphic devices. Herein, stimuli of neurotransmitters at ultralow concentrations and illumination are coupled to artificial synapses with the aid of biofunctionalized heterojunction and tunneling to successfully simulate a circadian neural response. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the photosensitive synaptic current in response to stimuli are described. Interestingly, this OANS is demonstrated to be capable of mimicking normal and abnormal circadian learnability by combining the measured synaptic current with a three‐layer spike neural network. Strong theoretical and experimental evidence, as well as applications, are provided for the proposed biomimetic OANS to demonstrate that it can reproduce biological circadian behavior, thus establishing it as a promising candidate for future neuromorphic intelligent robots.
Bidirectional Synaptic Operations of Triple‐Gated Silicon Nanosheet Transistors with Reconfigurable Memory Characteristics
Authors: Shin Yunwoo , Son Jaemin , Jeon Juhee , Ryu Seungho , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, a triple‐gated transistor with a p+‐i‐n+ silicon nanosheet (NS) is proposed as a single synaptic device, and bidirectional synaptic functions are realized using reconfigurable memory characteristics. The triple‐gated NS transistor features steep switching and bistable characteristics with a subthreshold swing below 5 mV dec−1 and an ON/OFF current ratio of ≈5 × 106 for both the n‐ and p‐channel modes. This transistor exhibits electrically symmetric reconfigurable memory characteristics with an ON current ratio of 1.02 for the n‐ and p‐channel modes. Moreover, the bidirectional synaptic weight updates of binarized spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity learning are successfully performed in a single transistor. This study demonstrates the potential of a triple‐gated NS transistor for achieving compact synaptic arrays in large‐scale silicon‐based neuromorphic computing systems.
Propane dehydrogenation on Ir single‐atom catalyst modified by atomically dispersed Sn promoters in silicalite‐1 zeolite
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shi Shaolin , Wang Ziyue , Lan Huanshi , Liu Liyang , Sun Qingdi , Guo Guanghui , He Xiaohui , Ji Hongbing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPropylene serves as a crucial feedstock for a wide range of industries engaged in the production of diverse petrochemical products. Propane dehydrogenation, an appealing technology aimed at supplanting conventional methodologies, confronts significant hurdles attributable to coke deposition and sintering in Pt‐based catalysts. Here, we report an Ir single atom encapsulated in silicalite‐1 zeolite modified with Sn single atoms as electronic promoters, displaying remarkable activity and stability, which is significantly greater than the previously reported Ir‐based catalysts and comparable to the majority of Pt‐based catalysts under similar industrial conditions (600°C, C3H8/H2 = 2/1). Spectroscopies results reveal that the introduction of Sn atoms promotes the transfer of electrons from Sn atoms to Ir atoms, forming electron‐rich Irδ+ species. DFT calculations show that the unique electronic structure lowers the energy barrier for two‐step dehydrogenation as well as favors the adsorption of propane and desorption of propylene, thus enhancing the activity and stability.
Production of jet fuel cycloalkanes from 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural via cascade catalysis on Mg(Al)(Zr)O supported CuCo
Authors: Zhu Yanru , Zhang Zhen , Zou Yunfei , Zhang Jian , An Zhe , Shu Xin , Song Hongyan , He Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCatalytic conversion of biomass‐derived 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5‐HMF) into carbon‐increased hydrocarbons as drop‐in energy‐rich biofuels has received a great deal of concern for the development of sustainable chemical industry. Here, we demonstrate a one‐pot conversion of 5‐HMF into C9‐alkanes on one single catalyst, acidic–basic layered double oxides (Mg(Al)(Zr)O) supported CuCo alloy. The well‐defined multifunctional catalytic sites with harmonious combination carry out cascade catalysis, affording C9‐alkanes (including 30% of more value‐added branched‐cycloalkanes) in 83% yield. The basic–acidic sites on Mg(Al)(Zr)O show high activity for aldol condensation of 5‐HMF and acetone, producing 4‐[5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐furanyl]‐3‐buten‐2‐one (HAc) in a yield of >99%. The engineered Co–Cu–Co linkages on supported CuCo perform efficient hydrodeoxygenation, affording C9‐alkanes in a selectivity of 96% from HAc. C9‐cycloalkanes are generated from the cyclization of the corresponding monohydric alcohol intermediates by the synergy of acidic and CuCo sites in the hydrodeoxygenation reaction.
Intensive temporal and spatial sampling of polychaete biodiversity reveals significant implications for impact assessment and marine park design
Authors: Knott Nathan A. , Swadling Daniel S. , Rees Matthew J. , Przeslawski Rachel , Ross Donald J. , Hutchings Pat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Intensive temporal and spatial sampling of benthic infauna have rarely been analysed to improve impact assessment or conservation planning. An impact assessment started in the late 1980s in Jervis Bay (Australia) provided a spatially, temporally and taxonomically comprehensive benthic invertebrate dataset. While the proposed development did not eventuate, the area was later declared a multi‐zone marine park.
We specifically used the polychaete data which included nine sampling times (February 1989 to June 1991) in seagrass and unvegetated sediments across multiple sites to identify ecological patterns that could inform current and future conservation management and impact assessment.
The polychaete assemblage was diverse with 171 species, many of them rare (40% < 10 individuals). Variation was greatest at small spatial scales (metres) for abundances and diversity, and there was substantial spatio‐temporal variation due to inconsistent site differences. Most species occurred in both unvegetated and seagrass sediments, though several were more abundant or restricted to one habitat (39% and 3% only found in unvegetated or seagrass, respectively), or showed bathymetric differences in abundances (e.g., Eunice cultrifera and Lumbrineris cf. latrelli).
The current marine park zoning representatively covered polychaete biodiversity, as all sites were generally similar in terms of abundances and species richness. It also representatively covered seagrass and unvegetated sediments and the bathymetric range of the embayment. These findings reinforce the utility of using habitats as surrogates to representatively zone for biological diversity.
The high levels of spatial and spatio‐temporal variation in abundances and diversity only allowed detection of environmental impacts with >70% effect sizes even if numerous sites and times were sampled (i.e., > seven sites and > eight times). This suggests that most univariate measures for polychaetes would only be useful to detect enormous effects, and effective impact assessment might require more sophisticated multivariate approaches.
Bauen im Strom: Grundinstandsetzung der Wehranlage Kachlet nach 100 Jahren Nutzung
Authors: Weiler Simon , Barthel Birte , Merklein Tobias , Stapp Andreas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMit der Wehranlage Kachlet erreicht eine der größten Wehranlagen an der deutschen Großschifffahrtsstraße Rhein‐Main‐Donau eine Nutzungsdauer von 100 Jahren. Um die Schiffbarkeit der Donau weiterhin zu gewährleisten, erfolgt eine umfangreiche Grundinstandsetzung, bei der die Wehrsohle erhalten bleibt, die Pfeiler ertüchtigt sowie der Wehrüberbau, der Stahlwasserbau und die technische Ausrüstung komplett erneuert werden. Für diese besondere Herausforderung werden v. a. in der Baulogistik neue Ansätze in Betracht gezogen. Als Baubehelf für die geplante Maßnahme wird eine Portalkrananlage über der Wehranlage errichtet. Mit deren Hilfe ist es möglich, die Maßnahme mit einem hohen Vorfertigungsgrad und – daraus resultierend – vergleichsweise kurzer Bauzeit durchzuführen. Die Portalkrananlage bringt jedoch auch neue Herausforderungen mit sich, die bei der Planung berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Efficient heterogeneous synthesis of nucleophilic carboxymethyl hydrazides of polysaccharides
Authors: Würfel Hendryk , Pfeifer Annett , Heinze Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNucleophilic moieties in polysaccharides (PS) with distinct higher reactivity compared with the hydroxy group are interesting for sustainable applications in chemistry, medicine, and pharmacy. An efficient heterogeneous method for the formation of such nucleophilic PS is described. Employing alcohols as slurry medium, protonated carboxymethyl (CM) PS and hydrazine hydrate are allowed to react at elevated temperatures. The CM derivatives of starch and pullulan can be transformed almost quantitatively to the corresponding hydrazides. The reaction is less efficient for CM dextrans and CM xylans. As slurry media, 2‐propanol and ethanol were probed, and the results are compared with a homogeneous procedure performed in water. Overall, the heterogeneous procedure is superior compared with the homogeneous route. 2‐Propanol is the best slurry medium investigated yielding PS hydrazides with the highest nitrogen content.
Solid‐phase synthetic method for N‐alkyl‐7‐alkylamino‐2‐aryloxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine‐5‐carboxamide derivatives
Authors: Cho Min Ju , Yang Hye Won , Jeon Moon‐Kook 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives have been reported to exhibit interesting biological activities. Herein, we described a solid‐phase synthetic method to produce N‐alkyl‐7‐alkylamino‐2‐aryloxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine‐5‐carboxamide derivatives. The strategy consists of loading the template compounds (i.e., 2‐aryl‐6,7‐dihydrooxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐one‐5‐carboxylic acids) onto aminated acid‐sensitive methoxybenzaldehyde (AMEBA) resins, the subsequent benzotriazol‐1‐yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP)‐mediated direct amination with primary/secondary amines, and the final cleavage from the solid support to afford the target compounds. The template 2‐aryl‐6,7‐dihydrooxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐one‐5‐carboxylic acids were prepared using a five‐step solution‐phase synthetic route from ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐(hydroxyimino)acetate. BOP‐mediated direct amination conditions were optimized by a solution‐phase model study. The solid‐phase synthetic method provided the 17 target compounds in 16%–92% five‐step overall isolated yields from the Merrified resin for selected template compounds and primary/secondary amines.
Study of vision‐related resting‐state activity in suprasellar tumor patients with postoperative visual damage
Authors: Wang Fuyu , Zhou Tao , Wang Peng , Zhang Yanyang , Jiang Jinli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to investigate changes in vision‐related resting‐state activity in patients with suprasellar tumors (ST) who experienced vision deterioration after surgery.MethodsTwelve patients with ST and vision deterioration after surgery were included in the study. Resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) was compared before and after surgery using a seed‐based analysis with a priori specified regions of interest (ROIs) within the visual areas. The differences between the two groups were identified using a paired t‐test.ResultsThe data showed a decrease in FC within and between the dorsal and ventral pathways, as well as in the third pathway in ST patients. The middle temporal visual cortex (MT+) showed a decreased FC with more regions than other visual ROIs. The data also revealed an increase in FC between the visual ROIs and higher‐order cortex. The superior frontal gyrus/BA8 showed an increased FC with more ROIs than other high‐order regions, and the hOC4d was involved in an increased FC with more high‐order regions than other ROIs.ConclusionsThe study results indicate significant neural reorganization in the vision‐related cortex of ST patients with postoperative vision damage. Most subareas within the visual cortex showed remarkable neural dysfunction, and some highe‐order cortex may be primarily involved in top‐down control of the subareas within the visual cortex. The hot zones may arise in the processing of “top‐down” influence.
Sarcopenia and anti‐seizure medication response in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Kim Jinseung , Lee Ho‐Joon , Lee Dong Ah , Park Kang Min 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the presence of sarcopenia in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and the association between sarcopenia and response to anti‐seizure medication (ASM) in patients with JME.MethodsWe enrolled 42 patients with JME and 42 healthy controls who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging with three‐dimensional T1‐weighted imaging. We measured the temporal muscle thickness (TMT), a radiographic marker for sarcopenia, using T1‐weighted imaging. We compared the TMT between patients with JME and healthy controls and analyzed it according to the ASM response in patients with JME. We also performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate how well the TMT differentiated the groups.ResultsThe TMT in patients with JME did not differ from that in healthy controls (9.630 vs. 9.956 mm, p = .306); however, ASM poor responders had a lower TMT than ASM good responders (9.109 vs. 10.104 mm, p = .023). ROC curve analysis revealed that the TMT exhibited a poor performance in differentiating patients with JME from healthy controls, with an area under the ROC curve of .570 (p = .270), but good performance in differentiating between ASM good and poor responders, with an area under the ROC curve of .700 (p = .015).ConclusionThe TMT did not differ between patients with JME and healthy controls; however, it was reduced in ASM poor responders compared to ASM good responders, suggesting a link between ASM response and sarcopenia in patients with JME. TMT can be used to investigate sarcopenia in various neurological disorders.
Siglec15/TGF‐β bispecific antibody mediates synergistic anti‐tumor response against 4T1 triple negative breast cancer in mice
Authors: Shen Limei , Schaefer Alison M. , Tiruthani Karthik , Wolf Whitney , Lai Samuel K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn ideal tumor‐specific immunomodulatory therapy should both preferentially target the tumor, while simultaneously reduce the immunosuppressive environment within the tumor. This guiding principle led us to explore engineering Siglec‐15 (S15) targeted bispecific antibody (bsAb) to enhance therapy against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). S15 appears to be exclusively expressed on macrophages and diverse tumor cells, including human and mouse 4T1 TNBC. TGF‐β is a growth hormone frequently associated with increased tumor invasiveness, including in TNBC. Here, to overcome the immune‐suppressive environment within TNBC tumors to enable more effective cancer therapy, we engineered a bispecific antibody (bsAb) targeting both Siglec15 and TGF‐β. In mice engrafted with orthotopic 4T1 tumors, S15/TGF‐β bsAb treatment was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth, not only compared to control monoclonal antibody (mAb) but also markedly more effective than mAbs against S15 alone, against TGF‐β alone, as well as a cocktail of both anti‐S15 and anti‐TGF‐β mAbs. We did not detect liver and lung metastasis in mice treated with S15/TGF‐β bsAb, unlike all other treatment groups at the end of the study. The enhanced anti‐tumor response observed with S15/TGF‐β bsAb correlated with a less immunosuppressive environment in the tumor. These results underscore S15‐targeted bsAb as a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC, and possibly other S15 positive solid tumors.