bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of general practitioners’ knowledge of symptoms and epidemiology of schizophrenia
Authors: Verdoux Hélène , Cougnard Audrey , Grolleau Sabrina , Besson Rachel , Delcroix Françoise 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo explore general practitioners' (GPs) knowledge of the symptoms and epidemiology of schizophrenia, and the GPs' characteristics associated with level of knowledge.MethodsSurvey questionnaires exploring practice in patients with early psychosis were mailed to all GPs in South-Western France (N = 3829). GPs were asked to fill out questions anonymously on the symptoms and epidemiology of schizophrenia.ResultsThe response rate was 23.6%. GPs had a fair theoretical knowledge of schizophrenia symptoms, but underestimated the prevalence and the risk of suicide. Recent attendance at a continuing medical education (CME) course on schizophrenia was the main predictor of level of knowledge on epidemiological figures, although its impact was relatively modest. Regarding risk factors, the implication of genetic factors was considered as null or modest by more than half of the GPs, while a large proportion of them stated that mother–baby interactional disturbances were frequently implicated in the aetiology of the disorder.ConclusionsGPs' level of knowledge on the public health impact and risk factors for schizophrenia needs to be improved in order to promote the delivery of accurate and destigmatising information to primary care patients.
Factor structure and cultural factors of disruptive behaviour disorders symptoms in Italian children
Authors: Zuddas Alessandro , Marzocchi Gian Marco , Oosterlaan Jaap , Cavolina Pina , Ancilletta Bernadette , Sergeant Joseph 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective:Poor parent and teacher awareness for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the scepticism of many clinicians on the prevalence of the disorder, make Italy an interesting environment in which to verify neuropsychological constructs generated in a predominantly Northern American cultural contest. The aim of the study was to verify, by factor confirmatory analysis, the empirical validity of the DSM constructs underlying the diagnostic criteria for developmental disruptive behaviour disorders in Italian school-age children.Methods:Scores for DSM-IV inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and for conduct disorder (CD) symptoms in 6–12 years old Italian children were analysed from 1575 parent and 1085 teacher forms of the disruptive behaviour disorders questionnaires collected in four different Italian regions.Results:Reliability indicates high internal consistencies for both parent and teacher rating of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositionality, but not for conduct problems. In accordance with the literature, a relatively low inter-rater convergent and discriminant validity correlation was observed comparing measures obtained by between parents and teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis of both parent and teacher data showed a better fit for a four-factor model, indicating a factor structure in accordance with the DSM-IV taxonomy. When completed by parents and teachers of clinically assessed ADHD, dyslexic or normal children, the disruptive behavioural disorder questionnaires showed a significant predictive diagnostic value.Conclusion:Although an informant variance higher that dimensional (trait) variance was observed, the study provides support for DSM-IV taxonomy for developmental disruptive disorders, showing construct validity of ADHD. ODD and CD could also be distinguished from each other.
Mortality of sand whiting (Sillago ciliata) released by recreational anglers in an Australian estuary
Authors: Butcher Paul A. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Brand Craig P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The mortality of hooked-and-released sand whiting (Sillago ciliata) and the key contributing factors were determined during a recreational fishing event in northern New South Wales, Australia. Participating anglers caught 124 sand whiting, of which 60 were tagged with plastic t-bar anchor tags, and then released into replicate sea cages. In all, 109 sand whiting were seined (54 were tagged) and similarly released into replicate sea cages for use as controls. All fish were monitored for mortalities over 7 days. There were no measurable effects of confinement in the sea cages on the stress (measured as concentrations of plasma glucose) of hooked or seined fish. Ten hooked-and-released (four non-tagged, six tagged) and two control (both tagged) sand whiting died during the monitoring period and mostly within 48 h of capture, providing adjusted mortality rates (i.e. accounting for mortalities of control fish) of approximately 6% for total, tagged, and non-tagged fish. Anatomical hook location (oesophagus-ingested hooks) and bait type (beach worms, Australonuphis teres) were significant predictors of mortality (p > 0.05). The results support current recreational fishing gears and practices for the catch and release of sand whiting.
Fecundity variation in Icelandic summer-spawning herring and implications for reproductive potential
Authors: Óskarsson Guðmundur J. , Taggart Christopher T. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
An exploration of fish fecundity aimed at estimating the reproductive potential of a stock requires comprehensive and quantitative examinations of the influencing factors. Here, Icelandic summer-spawning herring (Clupea harengus) are used to quantify potential fecundity (FP, number of eggs) and relative fecundity [RFP = FP (body weight − ovary weight)−1] as functions of length (L) and weight (W) in mature prespawning herring. Using a coupled examination of atresia (oocyte degeneration in the ovary) and the maturation stage of oocytes as characterized by size, we show that atresia has no meaningful effect on fecundity estimates if determined near the spawning time. Among prespawning herring, FP is a strong function of L or W (r2 = 0.84 in either case). Fulton's condition factor K (=100WL−3) explains a trivial (1.5%) but significant (p < 0.0001) amount of the residual variation in FP, and appears to have the greatest effect among smaller length classes. RFP is also a function of L (r2 = 0.56), and oocyte diameter explains 36% of the residual variation (p < 0.001). Therefore, stock-specific total egg production in herring can diverge from the assumed proportionality between total egg production and spawning-stock biomass through variations in the length structure of the stock, and to a lesser extent through the condition of prespawning herring.
Meta‐analysis of the relationship between quality management practices and firm performance—implications for quality management theory development
Authors: Nair Anand 
Published: December 2005

AbstractQuality management (QM) has received a high degree of attention in extant literature. Several research papers attribute superior firm performance to adoption of QM practices. The availability of a large number of research papers that investigate the impact of QM practices on performance provide an ideal setting for theory extension and refinement using meta‐analysis techniques. In this paper a meta‐analytic study is presented that fulfills two objectives. First, the paper formalizes performance implications of adopting QM practices and present hypothesized relationship between QM practices and performance. Second, a meta‐analysis of correlation (Hunter and Schmidt, 1990) approach is used to examine the empirical research in QM to determine which QM practices are positively related to improved performance. The study also examines the presence of moderating factors in the association between QM practices and performance. The results support many hypothesized relationships and also point towards the presence of moderating factors in almost all QM practice–performance relationships. A discussion of the findings is presented and directions for further development of QM theory are proposed.
Mediating effects of computer‐aided design usage: From concurrent engineering to product development performance
Authors: Tan Chong Leng , Vonderembse Mark A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAs the rates of market change accelerate and customer expectations grow, product development becomes an increasingly important activity. In this environment, the performance of the product development process and the impact of product design on costs are critical factors for organizational success. To respond, firms are adding resources such as computer‐aided design (CAD) to enhance product development efforts. The use of CAD technology is expected to enhance product development performance (development time, product quality, and design productivity) and to reduce product and manufacturing costs. To investigate these relationships, data were collected from 175 manufacturing firms regarding CAD usage, product development performance, and cost performance. From these data, valid and reliable instruments were developed to measure CAD usage. Structural model tests indicated that CAD usage has a positive impact on product development performance and cost performance.
The potential role of caveolin‐1 in inhibition of aquaporins during the AVD
Authors: Jablonski Elizabeth M. , Hughes Francis M. 
Published: December 2005

Background information. During apoptosis, the first morphological change is a distinct cell shrinkage known as the AVD (apoptotic volume decrease). This event is driven by a loss of intracellular K+, which creates an osmotic gradient, drawing water out of the cell through AQPs (aquaporins). Loss of water in balance with K+ would create a shrunken cell with an equivalent intracellular concentration of K+ ([K+]i=140 mM). However, we have previously shown that the [K+]i of the shrunken apoptotic cell is 35 mM, and this level is absolutely essential for the activation of apoptotic enzymes. We have recently found that AQPs are inactivated following the AVD, so that continued loss of K+ will reduce the intracellular concentration to this critical level. Using thymocytes, we have investigated the expression profile and regulation of the AQP family members.Results. In the present study, we have found that AQP1, AQP8 and AQP9 are present in non‐apoptotic thymocytes and localized primarily to the plasma membrane. Expression and localization did not change when these cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by growth factor withdrawal for 24 h. To explore other possible mechanisms by which these water channels are inactivated, we investigated their association with CAV‐1 (caveolin‐1), binding to which is known to inactivate a variety of proteins. We found that CAV‐1 is present in thymocytes and that this protein co‐localizes with a portion of AQP1 in normal (non‐apoptotic) thymocytes. However, thymocytes induced to undergo apoptosis greatly increase their AQP1/CAV‐1 association.Conclusions. Taken together, these results indicate that AQPs are localized to the plasma membrane of shrunken apoptotic thymocytes where increased binding to CAV‐1 potentially inactivates them. AQP inactivation, coupled with continued K+ efflux, then allows the [K+]i to decrease to levels conducive for the activation of downstream apoptotic enzymes and the completion of the apoptotic cascade.
Active cathepsins B, H, K, L and S in human inflammatory bronchoalveolar lavage fluids
Authors: Serveau‐Avesque Carole , Martino Michèle Ferrer‐Di , Hervé‐Grépinet Virginie , Hazouard Eric , Gauthier Francis , Diot Elisabeth , Lalmanach Gilles 
Published: December 2005

Background information. Chronic inflammation and tissue remodelling result from an imbalance between proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors in the lungs in favour of proteolysis. While many studies have examined serine proteases (e.g. cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase) and matrix metalloproteases, little is known about the role of papain‐like CPs (cysteine proteases). The present study focuses on the thiol‐dependent cathepsins (CPs) and their specific cystatin‐like inhibitors [CPIs (CP inhibitors)] in human inflammatory BALFs (BAL fluids, where BAL stands for broncho‐alveolar lavage).Results. Cathepsins B, K and S found were mostly zymogens, whereas cathepsins H and L were predominantly in their mature forms. Little immunoreactive cystatin C was found and the high‐ and low‐molecular‐mass (‘weight’) kininogens were extensively degraded. The BALF procathepsins B and L could be activated autocatalytically, indicating that alveolar fluid pro‐CPs are reservoirs of mature enzymes. Hydrolysis patterns of 7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin‐derived peptide substrates showed that extracellular alveolar CPs remain proteolytically active, and that cathepsins B and L are the most abundant thiol‐dependent endoproteases. The CP/CPI balance was significantly tipped in favour of cathepsins (3‐ or 5‐fold), as confirmed by the extensive CP‐dependent degradation of exogenous kininogens by BALFs.Conclusions. Although their importance for inflammation remains to be clarified, the presence of active cathepsins L, K and S suggests that they contribute to the extracellular breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
Starvation‐induced expression of autophagy‐related genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rose Tatiana Lundgren , Bonneau Laurent , Der Christophe , Marty‐Mazars Danièle , Marty Francis 
Published: December 2005

Background information. Autophagy is a catabolic process for degradation of cytoplasmic components in the vacuolar apparatus. A genome‐wide survey recently showed evolutionary conservation among autophagy genes in yeast, mammals and plants. To elucidate the molecular and subcellular machinery responsible for the sequestration and subsequent digestion of intracellular material in plants, we utilized a combination of morphological and molecular methods (confocal laser‐scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and real‐time PCR respectively).Results. Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension‐cultured cells was induced by carbon starvation, which triggered an immediate arrest of cell growth together with a rapid degradation of cellular proteins. We followed the onset of these responses and, in this report, provide a clear functional classification for the highly polymorphic autophagosomes by which the cell sequesters and degrades a portion of its own cytoplasm. Quantification of autophagy‐related structures shows that cells respond to the stress signal by a rapid and massive, but transient burst of autophagic activity, which adapts to the stress signal. We also monitored the real‐time expressions of AtATG3, AtATG4a, AtATG4b, AtATG7 and AtATG8a–AtATG8i genes, which are orthologues of yeast genes involved in the Atg8 ubiquitination‐like conjugation pathway and are linked to autophagosome formation. We show that these autophagy‐related genes are transiently up‐regulated in a co‐ordinated manner at the onset of starvation.Conclusions. Sucrose starvation induces autophagy and up‐regulates orthologues of the yeast Atg8 conjugation pathway genes in Arabidopsis cultured cells. The AtATG3, AtATG4a, AtATG4b, AtATG7 and AtATG8a–AtATG8i genes are expressed in successive waves that parallel the biochemical and cytological remodelling that takes place. These genes thus serve as early markers for autophagy in plants.
Cytochrome P450 expression—induction profile and chemically mediated alterations of the WIF‐B9 cell line
Authors: Biagini Christine , Bender Virginie , Borde Françoise , Boissel Elodie , Bonnet Marie‐Claire , Masson Marie‐Thérèse , Cassio Doris , Chevalier Stephan 
Published: December 2005

Background information. WIF‐B9 is a hybrid cell line obtained by fusion of rat hepatoma cells (Fao) and human fibroblasts (WI38). It exhibits the structural and functional characteristics of differentiated hepatocytes, including active bile canaliculi. The aim of the present study was to characterize the WIF‐B9 cell line as a model for analysing drug‐induced hepatic effects. The drug metabolism potential of WIF‐B9 cells was identified by studying the rat and human CYP (cytochrome P450) mRNA constitutive expression profile and induction potential after exposure to reference inducers. The morphological alterations provoked by chemical entities were also characterized.Results. Competitive reverse transcriptase—PCR revealed that four rat (1A1, 2B1/2, 2E1 and 4A1) and four human (1A1, 2Cs, 2D6 and 2E1) CYP mRNA isoforms were constitutively expressed in WIF‐B9 cells. The rat CYP forms were expressed at levels 2–4 orders of magnitude higher than the human forms. Exposure for 20–72 h to increasing concentrations of CYP reference inducers (β‐naphthoflavone, 3‐methyl cholanthrene, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, clofibrate and pregnenolone 16α‐carbonitrile) revealed that the rat CYP 1A1, 1A2, 3A1, 3A2 and 4A1 and human CYP 1A1 and 2Cs mRNAs were inducible. Rat CYP 1A1 and 1A2 were the most inducible isoforms since they were overexpressed up to 100‐fold after 20–48 h of treatment with β‐naphthoflavone. Human CYP 1A1 and 2Cs mRNAs were induced 3‐fold after 48 h of treatment with phenobarbital. Other mechanisms involved in hepatotoxicity were explored using microscopy and immunofluorescence. The WIF‐B9 cell line exhibited fragmentation and dilatation of bile canaliculi upon exposure to erythromycin, and to isoniazid and cytochalasins, respectively. Monensin promoted cell depolarization and cytoplasmic granulation. Ethionine promoted cytoplasmic vacuolation and dilatation of the Golgi structures.Conclusions. These results indicate that the CYP expression and induction profiles and the morphological features of WIF‐B9 cells allow prediction in vitro of the induction and hepatotoxicity profiles of chemical entities.
Fungivore host‐use groups from cluster analysis: patterns of utilisation of fungal fruiting bodies by ciid beetles
Authors: Orledge Glenda M. , Reynolds Stuart E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.  1. Ciid beetles typically live and breed in the fruiting bodies of lignicolous basidiomycete fungi. This study was undertaken to address the lack of an objective examination of patterns of host use by ciids.2. Cluster analysis of ciid host‐use datasets from Britain, Germany, North America, and Japan, and subsequent cross‐dataset comparisons, demonstrated the existence of ciid host‐use patterns of wide geographical occurrence. These patterns were formalised as ciid host‐use groups.3. Six Holarctic ciid host‐use groups, and two host‐use subgroups, were identified, and are described. Each host‐use group comprises an assemblage of fungal genera and the breeding ciids that it supports. Each taxon belongs to only a single host‐use group, but may be associated with several members of that group. There is a strong tendency for closely related taxa to belong to the same host‐use group.4. It is suggested that ciid host‐use groups are defined ultimately by host chemistry, with the ciids that belong to a particular group recognising, and responding positively to, emitted volatiles characterising the fungi belonging to that group.5. The idea of the host‐use group bears comparison with the concepts of niche and guild, but is not equivalent to either.6. Ciid host‐use groups have a valuable role to play in underpinning future studies of ciid ecology, also the systematics of both ciids and their fungal hosts.
Effects of nutrients and parasitism on the density of a salt marsh planthopper suppressed by within‐trophic‐level interactions
Authors: Moon Daniel C. , Stiling Peter 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.  1. Competition, food quality, and pressure from natural enemies have all been established as important determinants of phytophagous insect densities. Examining how these forces interact, however, is important for furthering our understanding of insect population and community ecology.2. In this paper the results of a factorial field experiment are reported in which the effects of within‐trophic‐level interactions on the top‐down and bottom‐up forces influencing the density of a salt marsh planthopper were examined.3. Plant quality was increased by adding nitrogen fertiliser, and parasitism was decreased through the use of yellow sticky traps that removed hymenopteran parasitoids. These treatments were applied to plots with either low or high densities of a lepidopteran stem borer, which has been shown to negatively affect the planthopper.4. Addition of nitrogen increased planthopper density significantly, but only on plots with low stem borer densities. Yellow sticky traps significantly reduced parasitism of planthopper eggs, but this resulted in increased planthopper density only on plots with low stem borer density. Thus, where stem borer densities were high, the effects of fertiliser and reduced parasitism on planthopper densities were suppressed.5. The results of this study show that negative interactions between herbivores can affect vertical trophic linkages, and can greatly modify the strengths of top‐down or bottom‐up effects on herbivore density.
Ants and plant size shape the structure of the arthropod community of Hirtella myrmecophila, an Amazonian ant‐plant
Authors: Izzo Thiago Junqueira , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.  1. To investigate the influence of plant size and the presence of resident ants on the arthropod community associated with the ant‐plant Hirtella myrmecophila, ants (Allomerus octoarticulatus) were experimentally removed from plants of various sizes, with a second group of similar‐sized plants remaining as controls. The abundance and diversity of arthropods on these plants were determined at 45‐day intervals for 7 months. Collected arthropods were assigned into one of three predetermined groups: herbivores, spiders (mostly web‐building spiders), or ‘tourists’ (mostly non‐resident ants, hemipterans, dipterans, or scarabeid beetles).2. Ant removal had a positive influence on the abundance and diversity of herbivores, but no measurable effects on the abundance and diversity of ‘tourists’, while the effect on spider abundance was significant only when data from Dipoena sp. nov. were removed from the analysis. While A. octoarticulatus had a negative effect on most spiders, it favoured Dipoena sp. nov., which was found to be a specialist predator of A. octoarticulatus.3. Plant size positively affected the abundance and diversity of ‘tourists’ in plants with and without ants, but for herbivores and spiders this effect was dependent on ant treatment. In ant‐maintained plants the per‐plant abundance of herbivores and spiders was independent of plant size, whereas in ant‐removed plants it was not.4. These results suggest that A. octoarticulatus affects all arthropods found on its host plant, except those presenting an occasional and temporary association with the plant, and that the magnitude of ant effects on the susceptible guilds increases as plant size increases.