bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the effect of droplet size on lipid oxidation in O/W emulsions by using microfluidics
Authors: ten Klooster Sten , Boerkamp Vincent J. P. , Hennebelle Marie , van Duynhoven John P. M. , Schroën Karin , Berton-Carabin Claire C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLipid oxidation in emulsions is hypothesised to increase with decreasing droplet size, as this increases the specific oil–water interfacial area, where lipid oxidation is expected to be initiated. In literature, however, contradictory results have been reported, which can be caused by confounding factors such as the oil droplet polydispersity and the distribution of components between the available phases. In this work, monodisperse surfactant-stabilised emulsions with highly controlled droplet sizes of 4.7, 9.1, and 26 µm were produced by microfluidic emulsification. We show that lipid oxidation increases with decreasing droplet size, which we ascribe to the increased contact area between lipids and continuous phase prooxidants. Besides, a significant amount of oxygen was consumed by oxidation of the surfactant itself (Tween 20), an effect that also increased with decreasing droplet size. These insights substantiate the importance of controlling droplet size for improving the oxidative stability of emulsions.
Ecosystem services potential is declining across European capital metropolitan areas
Authors: Hysa Artan , Löwe Roland , Geist Juergen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEcosystem services (ES) are essential to sustainable development at multiple spatial scales. Monitoring ES potential (ESP) at the metropolitan level is imperative to sustainable cities. We developed a procedure for long-term monitoring of metropolitan ESP dynamics, utilizing open-source land use land cover (LULC) data and the expert matrix method. We compared the ESP results of 38 European Capital Metropolitan Areas (ECMA) regarding biodiversity integrity, drinking water provision, flood protection, air quality, water purification, and recreation & tourism. Our results show significant declines in ESP across ECMA due to LULC alteration between 2006, 2012, and 2018. We found that ECMA in post-socialist European countries like Poland (Warszawa) have experienced high rates of land use transformation with a remarkable impact on ESP. Surprisingly, we found that Fennoscandinan ECMA, like Helsinki, Stockholm, and Oslo which lead the cumulative ESP ranking, faced the ESP reduction of the highest impact in recent years. The correlation analysis of ESP dynamics to urban expansion and population growth rates suggests that inattentive urbanization processes impact ESP more than population growth. We unveil the implications of our results to the EU and global level agendas like the European Nature Conservation Law and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Effect of resistance circuit training on comprehensive health indicators in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Chenxi , Xia Yunpeng , Zeng Dongye , Ye Mingyi , Mei Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aging process leads to the degeneration of body structure and function. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of resistance circuit training (RCT) on comprehensive health indicators of older adults. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched until August 2023. Primary outcomes were body composition, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, blood pressure, and functional autonomy. Muscle function and exercise intensity subgroups were analyzed. RCT reduces body fat (MD = − 5.39 kg, 95% CI − 10.48 to − 0.29), BMI (MD = − 1.22, 95% CI − 2.17 to − 0.26), and body weight (MD = − 1.28 kg, 95% CI − 1.78 to − 0.78), and increases lean body mass (MD = 1.42 kg, 95% CI 0.83–2.01) in older adults. It improves upper limb strength (SMD = 2.09, 95% CI 1.7–2.48), lower limb strength (SMD = 2.03, 95% CI 1.56–2.51), cardiorespiratory endurance (MD = 94 m, 95% CI 25.69–162.67), and functional autonomy (MD = − 1.35, 95% CI − 1.73 to − 0.96). High-intensity RCT benefits BMI and body weight, while low-intensity exercise reduces blood pressure. RCT improves muscle function in push, pull, hip, and knee movements in older adults. RCT improves body composition, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, blood pressure, and functional autonomy in older adults. High-intensity training is superior for body composition, while moderate to low intensity training is more effective for lowering blood pressure.
Global longitudinal strain is an informative index of left ventricular performance in neonates receiving intensive care
Authors: Petoello Enrico , Flore Alice Iride , Nogara Silvia , Bonafiglia Elena , Lenzi Maria Beatrice , Arnone Olivia C. , Benfari Giovanni , Ciarcià Martina , Corsini Iuri , De Waal Koert , Gottin Leonardo , Ficial Benjamim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEchocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function is crucial in NICU. The study aimed to compare the accuracy and agreement of global longitudinal strain (GLS) with conventional measurements. Real-life echocardiograms of neonates receiving intensive care were retrospectively reviewed. Shortening fraction (SF), ejection fraction (EF) and S’ measurements were retrieved from health records. GLS was calculated offline from stored images. The association with stroke volume indexed for body weight (iSV) was evaluated by regression analysis. The diagnostic ability to identify uncompensated shock was assessed by ROC curve analysis. Cohen's κ was run to assess agreement. 334 echocardiograms of 155 neonates were evaluated. Mean ± SD gestational age and birth weight were 34.5 ± 4.1 weeks and 2264 ± 914 g, respectively. SF, EF, S’ and GLS were associated with iSV with R2 of 0.133, 0.332, 0.252 and 0.633, (all p < .001). Including all variables in a regression model, iSV prediction showed an adjusted R2 of 0.667, (p < .001). GLS explained 73% of the model variance. GLS showed a better ability to diagnose uncompensated shock (AUC 0.956) compared to EF, S’ and SF (AUC 0.757, 0.737 and 0.606, respectively). GLS showed a moderate agreement with EF (κ = .500, p < .001) and a limited agreement with S’ and SF (κ = .260, p < .001, κ = .242, p < .001). GLS was a more informative index of left ventricular performance, providing the rationale for a more extensive use of GLS at the cotside.
Changes in the land-use landscape pattern and ecological network of Xuzhou planning area
Authors: Zhou Xi , Chu Zuoyong , Ji Xiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOngoing rapid urbanization has triggered significant changes in land use, rendering landscape patterns adversely impacted and certain habitat patches degraded. Ecological networks have consequently contracted overall. As such, an investigation into how land-use landscape patterns and ecological networks change over time and space is of major significance for ecological restoration and regional sustainability. Taking Xuzhou Planning Area as a case study, we examined spatiotemporal changes and features of the landscape pattern by employing the land-use change degree, the land-use transition matrix, and quantified landscape pattern indices. An ecological network analysis, which studies the changes in network connectivity and robustness, as well as their causes and contributors, was undertaken to probe into the features and trends of spatiotemporal changes in the land-use landscape pattern and ecological network amid expeditious urbanization. Analysis results unveiled the following: (1) From 1985 to 2020, there was a decline in the area of farmland, forest, and grassland, accompanied by an increase in land for construction, water bodies, and unused land. The southwestern research area witnessed farmland substantially give way to land for construction for this period, and the most dramatic change in land use occurred between 2000 and 2010. (2) The area of dominant patches in the research area shrank, along with more fragmented, complex landscapes. The land for construction was emerging as the dominant landscape by area, whereas patches of farmland, forest, grassland, and water bodies became less connected. (3) The ecological network was densely linked in the northeast, with sparser connections in the southwest. Spatial shrinkage was observed in the research area’s southwestern and central ecological corridors. Overall, the number of ecological sources and corridors rose and subsequently dropped before a rebound. (4) The ecological network grew more connected and robust from 1985 through 1990, as portions of farmland were converted into water bodies, which led to an increase in ecological sources. Given a reduction in ecological sources and corridors in the southwestern and central regions between 1990 and 2010, network connectivity and robustness declined, which was reversed from 2010 onward with the addition of two ecological sources—Pan’an Lake and Dugong Lake. With an optimal ecological network in 1990, however, it deteriorated significantly by 2010. The research area saw the minimum value of its network connectivity indices of network stability index (α), evenness index (β), and connectivity index (γ), in 2010, when its ecological network was highly fragmented and vulnerable, attributing to a strong contrast between the maximal connected subgraph’s relative size and connectivity robustness. The research findings can lay scientific groundwork for addressing ecological issues, restoring landscape patterns, and developing ecological networks amid urbanization.
An aberrant fused in sarcoma liquid droplet of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathological variant, R495X, accelerates liquid–solid phase transition
Authors: Shiramasa Yutaro , Yamamoto Ryu , Kashiwagi Norika , Sasaki Fuka , Imai Sawaka , Ike Mikihito , Kitazawa Soichiro , Kameda Tomoshi , Kitahara Ryo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntracellular aggregation of fused in sarcoma (FUS) is associated with the pathogenesis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Under stress, FUS forms liquid droplets via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). Two types of wild-type FUS LLPS exist in equilibrium: low-pressure LLPS (LP-LLPS) and high-pressure LLPS (HP-LLPS); the former dominates below 2 kbar and the latter over 2 kbar. Although several disease-type FUS variants have been identified, the molecular mechanism underlying accelerated cytoplasmic granule formation in ALS patients remains poorly understood. Herein, we report the reversible formation of the two LLPS states and the irreversible liquid–solid transition, namely droplet aging, of the ALS patient-type FUS variant R495X using fluorescence microscopy and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy combined with perturbations in pressure and temperature. Liquid-to-solid phase transition was accelerated in the HP-LLPS of R495X than in the wild-type variant; arginine slowed the aging of droplets at atmospheric conditions by inhibiting the formation of HP-LLPS more selectively compared to that of LP-LLPS. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which R495X readily forms cytoplasmic aggregates. Targeting the aberrantly formed liquid droplets (the HP-LLPS state) of proteins with minimal impact on physiological functions could be a novel therapeutic strategy for LLPS-mediated protein diseases.
Comparing three cardiothoracic ratio measurement techniques and creating multivariable scoring system to predict Bart’s hydrops fetalis at 17–22 weeks’ gestation
Authors: Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Rangseechamrat Patsawee , Sompagdee Nalat , Ruangvutilert Pornpimol , Viboonchard Sommai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo assess the diagnostic performance of three cardiothoracic (CT) ratio techniques, including diameter, circumference, and area, for predicting hemoglobin (Hb) Bart’s disease between 17 and 22 weeks’ gestation, and to create a multivariable scoring system using multiple ultrasound markers. Before invasive testing, three CT ratio techniques and other ultrasound markers were obtained in 151 singleton pregnancies at risk of Hb Bart’s disease. CT diameter ratio demonstrated the highest sensitivity among the other techniques. Significant predictors included CT diameter ratio > 0.5, middle cerebral artery-peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) > 1.5 multiples of the median, and placental thickness > 3 cm. MCA-PSV exhibited the highest sensitivity (97.8%) in predicting affected fetuses. A multivariable scoring achieved excellent sensitivity (100%) and specificity (84.9%) for disease prediction. CT diameter ratio exhibited slightly outperforming the other techniques. Increased MCA-PSV was the most valuable ultrasound marker. Multivariable scoring surpassed single-parameter analysis in predictive capabilities.
Cellular geometry and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity intersect with PIEZO1 in breast cancer cells
Authors: So Choon Leng , Robitaille Mélanie , Sadras Francisco , McCullough Michael H. , Milevskiy Michael J. G. , Goodhill Geoffrey J. , Roberts-Thomson Sarah J. , Monteith Gregory R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDifferences in shape can be a distinguishing feature between different cell types, but the shape of a cell can also be dynamic. Changes in cell shape are critical when cancer cells escape from the primary tumor and undergo major morphological changes that allow them to squeeze between endothelial cells, enter the vasculature, and metastasize to other areas of the body. A shift from rounded to spindly cellular geometry is a consequence of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, which is also associated with changes in gene expression, increased invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. However, the consequences and functional impacts of cell shape changes and the mechanisms through which they occur are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that altering the morphology of a cell produces a remodeling of calcium influx via the ion channel PIEZO1 and identify PIEZO1 as an inducer of features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity. Combining automated epifluorescence microscopy and a genetically encoded calcium indicator, we demonstrate that activation of the PIEZO1 force channel with the PIEZO1 agonist, YODA 1, induces features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that PIEZO1 is a critical point of convergence between shape-induced changes in cellular signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer cells.
SPADE: spatial deconvolution for domain specific cell-type estimation
Authors: Lu Yingying , Chen Qin M. , An Lingling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding gene expression in different cell types within their spatial context is a key goal in genomics research. SPADE (SPAtial DEconvolution), our proposed method, addresses this by integrating spatial patterns into the analysis of cell type composition. This approach uses a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and histological data to accurately estimate the proportions of cell types in various locations. Our analyses of synthetic data have demonstrated SPADE’s capability to discern cell type-specific spatial patterns effectively. When applied to real-life datasets, SPADE provides insights into cellular dynamics and the composition of tumor tissues. This enhances our comprehension of complex biological systems and aids in exploring cellular diversity. SPADE represents a significant advancement in deciphering spatial gene expression patterns, offering a powerful tool for the detailed investigation of cell types in spatial transcriptomics.
Fast and effective molecular property prediction with transferability map
Authors: Yao Shaolun , Song Jie , Jia Lingxiang , Cheng Lechao , Zhong Zipeng , Song Mingli , Feng Zunlei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEffective transfer learning for molecular property prediction has shown considerable strength in addressing insufficient labeled molecules. Many existing methods either disregard the quantitative relationship between source and target properties, risking negative transfer, or require intensive training on target tasks. To quantify transferability concerning task-relatedness, we propose Principal Gradient-based Measurement (PGM) for transferring molecular property prediction ability. First, we design an optimization-free scheme to calculate a principal gradient for approximating the direction of model optimization on a molecular property prediction dataset. We have analyzed the close connection between the principal gradient and model optimization through mathematical proof. PGM measures the transferability as the distance between the principal gradient obtained from the source dataset and that derived from the target dataset. Then, we perform PGM on various molecular property prediction datasets to build a quantitative transferability map for source dataset selection. Finally, we evaluate PGM on multiple combinations of transfer learning tasks across 12 benchmark molecular property prediction datasets and demonstrate that it can serve as fast and effective guidance to improve the performance of a target task. This work contributes to more efficient discovery of drugs, materials, and catalysts by offering a task-relatedness quantification prior to transfer learning and understanding the relationship between chemical properties.
High-frequency low-dielectric-loss in linear-backbone-structured polyimides with ester groups and ether bonds
Authors: Zhang Chenggang , He Xiaojie , Lu Qinghua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolyimides have emerged as promising dielectric materials for communication equipment, owing to their excellent thermal stability and processability. Nonetheless, a pressing need remains to reduce the high-frequency dissipation factor (Df) of polyimides. Here, we synthesized various polyimides featuring linear backbone structures, finding that polyimides that incorporate a combination of ester groups and ether bonds exhibit low Df values of 0.0015-0.0024 at 10 GHz. Even in high humidity and temperature conditions they maintain low Df values of <0.005 at 10 GHz. To gain insight into the factors influencing this behavior, we conduct a comprehensive study involving aggregation structures and hygroscopic properties. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of high orientation and crystallinity in determining the high-frequency Df of polyimide films.
Deep-living and diverse Antarctic seaweeds as potentially important contributors to global carbon fixation
Authors: Tait Leigh W. , Chin Caroline , Nelson Wendy , George Steve , Marriott Peter , O’Driscoll Richard L. , Lamare Miles , Mills Victoria S. , Cummings Vonda J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobal models predict that Antarctica has little suitable habitat for macroalgae and that Antarctic macroalgae therefore make a negligible contribution to global carbon fixation. However, coastal surveys are rare at southern polar latitudes (beyond 71° S), and here we report diverse and abundant macroalgal assemblages in un-navigated coastal habitats of the Ross Sea from 71.5°–74.5° S. We found extensive macroalgal assemblages living at depths >70 m and specimens of crustose coralline algae as deep as 125 m. Using global light modelling and published photosynthetic rates we estimate that Antarctic macroalgae may contribute between 0.9–2.8 % of global macroalgal carbon fixation. Combined, this suggests that Antarctic macroalgae may be a greater contributor to global carbon fixation and possibly sequestration than previously thought. The vulnerability of these coastal environments to climate change, especially shifting sea ice extent and persistence, could influence Southern Ocean carbon fixation and rates of long-term sequestration.
Conversational Speech Behaviors Are Context Dependent
Authors: Wynn Camille J. , Barrett Tyson S. , Borrie Stephanie A. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
According to the interpersonal synergy model of spoken dialogue, interlocutors modify their communicative behaviors to meet the contextual demands of a given conversation. Although a growing body of research supports this postulation for linguistic behaviors (e.g., semantics, syntax), little is understood about how this model applies to speech behaviors (e.g., speech rate, pitch). The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that interlocutors adjust their speech behaviors across different conversational tasks with different conversational goals.

Method:
In this study, 28 participants each engaged in two different types of conversations (i.e., relational and informational) with two partners (i.e., Partner 1 and Partner 2), yielding a total of 112 conversations. We compared six acoustic measures of participant speech behavior across conversational task and partner.

Results:
Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated significant differences between speech feature measures in informational and relational conversations. Furthermore, these findings were generally robust across conversations with different partners.

Conclusions:
Results suggest that contextual demands influence speech behaviors. These findings provide empirical support for the interpersonal synergy model and highlight important considerations for assessing speech behaviors in individuals with communication disorders.
Cellular network based multistatic integrated sensing and communication systems
Authors: Han Zixiang , Ding Haiyu , Han Lincong , Ma Liang , Zhang Xiaozhou , Lou Mengting , Wang Yajuan , Jin Jing , Wang Qixing , Liu Guangyi , Wang Jiangzhou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel multistatic integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system based on cellular network is proposed. It can make use of widespread base stations (BSs) to perform cooperative sensing in wide area. This system is important since the deployment of sensing function can be achieved upon the mobile communication network at low complexity and cost without modifying the architecture of BSs for full duplexing. In this work, the topology of sensing cell is first provided, which can be duplicated to seamlessly cover the cellular network. Each sensing cell consists of a single central BS transmitting signals and multiple neighboring BSs receiving reflected signals from sensing objects. Then an estimating approach is described for obtaining position and velocity of sensing objects that locate in the sensing cell. Joint data processing with an efficient optimization method is also provided. In addition, key issues in the cellular network based multistatic ISAC system are analyzed. Simulation results show that the multistatic ISAC system can reduce interference power by over 10 dBm and significantly improve position and velocity estimation accuracy of objects when compared with the monostatic ISAC system, demonstrating the effectiveness and promise of implementing the proposed system in the mobile network.
A reconfigurable in‐memory‐computation architecture with in‐situ update and shift capability
Authors: Liu Yihe , Wang Junjie , Liu Shuang , Zhang Xiaoyang , Sun Mingyuan , Chen Tupei , Liu Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work proposes a storage element (SE) design for in‐memory computing (IMC). Using the proposed SE design, an IMC array has been constructed to enable in‐situ updates of stored weights. Compared with some existing related works which employ 2n bit cells for storing an n‐bit value, the proposed structure in this work exhibits a O(n) complexity of area overhead, which means that only n bit cells are needed to store n‐bit values, offering a significant improvement in silicon area usage. Compared to the purely digitally‐controlled weight update schemes, the approach proposed in this work demonstrates an approximate 1.47× increase in power consumption. Furthermore, it exhibits superior robustness compared to existing work. Additionally, the proposed SE design can achieve the necessary shift functionality in the cutting‐edge floating‐point (FP)‐IMC architecture through simple control mechanisms.