bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral recyclable dimeric and polymeric Cr(III) salen complexes catalyzed aminolytic kinetic resolution of trans‐aromatic epoxides under microwave irradiation
Authors: Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Prathap K. Jeya , Singh Surendra , Agrawal Santosh , Khan Noor‐Ul H. , Abdi Sayed H.R. , Jasra Raksh V. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAminolytic kinetic resolution (AKR) of trans‐stilbene oxide and trans‐β‐methyl styrene oxide proceeded smoothly under microwave irradiation using chiral dimeric and polymeric Cr(III) salen complexes as efficient catalysts, giving regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective anti‐β‐amino alcohols in high yields (49%) and chiral purity (ee up to 94%) in case of 4‐methylaniline within 2 min. The kinetic resolution system is approximately five times faster than traditional oil bath heating at 70°C and 420 times faster than the reaction conducted at room temperature with concomitant recovery of respective chirally enriched epoxides (ee, 92%) in excellent yields (up to 48%). The catalyst 1 worked well in terms of enantioselectivity than the catalyst 2, but both the catalysts were easily recovered and reused five times with the retention of its efficiency. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical foundations, models, and methods of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of the brain: A review
Authors: Minati Ludovico , Węglarz Władysław P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe foundations and characteristics of models and methods used in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, with particular reference to in vivo brain imaging, are reviewed.The first section introduces Fick's laws, propagators, and the relationship between tissue microstructure and the statistical properties of diffusion of water molecules. The second section introduces the diffusion‐weighted signal in terms of diffusion of magnetization (Bloch–Torrey equation) and of spin‐bearing particles (cumulant expansion). The third section is dedicated to the rank‐2 tensor model, the bb‐matrix, and the derivation of indexes of anisotropy and shape. The fourth section introduces diffusion in multiple compartments: Gaussian mixture models, relationship between fiber layout, displacement probability and diffusivity, and effect of the b‐value. The fifth section is devoted to higher‐order generalizations of the tensor model: singular value decompositions (SVD), representation of angular diffusivity patterns and derivation of generalized anisotropy (GA) and scaled entropy (SE), and modeling of non‐Gaussian diffusion by means of series expansion of Fick's laws. The sixth section covers spherical harmonic decomposition (SHD) and determination of fiber orientation by means of spherical deconvolution. The seventh section presents the Fourier relationship between signal and displacement probability (Q‐space imaging, QSI, or diffusion‐spectrum imaging, DSI), and reconstruction of orientation‐distribution functions (ODF) by means of the Funk–Radon transform (Q‐ball imaging, QBI). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 30A: 278–307, 2007.
The standardized uptake value for F‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose is a sensitive predictive biomarker for cervical cancer treatment response and survival
Authors: Kidd Elizabeth A. , Siegel Barry A. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Grigsby Perry W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to evaluate cervical tumor uptake of F‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) measured as the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) by positron emission tomography (PET) and its association with treatment response and prognosis in patients with cervical cancer.METHODS.The study population consisted of 287 patients with stage IA2 through IVB cervical cancer who underwent pretreatment FDG‐PET studies. SUVmax, tumor volume, and sites of lymph node metastasis were recorded. Therapy included surgery, chemoradiation, or palliation.RESULTS.The mean SUVmaxwas 11.4 (range, 1–50.4). The mean tumor volume by stage was 42.1 cm3for stage I tumors (using International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] staging criteria), 63.7 cm3for stage II tumors, 129.2 cm3for stage III tumors, and 166.2 cm3for stage IV tumors. There was no correlation between tumor volume and SUVmax(correlation coefficient [R2] = 0.01). No significant difference in SUVmaxwas observed between squamous histology (n = 247 patients) and nonsquamous histology (n = 40 patients;P= .089). Higher SUVmaxwas associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis (P= .0009). A Cox proportional‐hazards model for death from cervical cancer was used to evaluate tumor histology, lymph node metastasis, tumor volume, and SUVmax. The results indicated that SUVmaxwas the only significant independent factor (P= .0027). Three prognostic groups were established using SUVmax. The overall survival rates at 5 years were 95% for an SUVmax≤ 5.2, 70% for an SUVmax> 5.2 and ≤13.3, and 44% for an SUVmax> 13.3 (P< .0001). Increasing SUVmaxwas associated with persistent abnormal FDG uptake in the cervix on 3‐month FDG‐PET studies in 238 patients who received curative chemoradiation (P= .04).CONCLUSIONS.The SUVmaxof the cervical tumor at diagnosis was a sensitive biomarker of treatment response and prognosis for patients with cervical cancer. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Hypermethylation, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and survival in 235 patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers
Authors: Dikshit Rajesh P. , Gillio‐Tos Anna , Brennan Paul , De Marco Laura , Fiano Valentina , Martinez‐Peñuela Jose Maria , Boffetta Paolo , Merletti Franco 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.It has been established that promoter hypermethylation occurs in several genes during the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. The authors investigated the role played by the hypermethylation of 4 cancer‐related genes in the survival of patients who had laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and in the occurrence of second primary tumors.METHODS.Archival paraffin‐embedded tissue (PET) samples were available from patients who were enrolled in a multicentric European case‐control study that was performed between 1979 and 1982 and was followed up to 2000. Genomic DNA extracted from 235 PET samples were analyzed for promoter methylation status of the p16, O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), death‐associated protein kinase (DAP‐K), and E‐cadherin genes by using a methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction assay.RESULTS.Hypermethylation was present in 44% of samples for p16, in 27% of samples for MGMT, in 42% of samples for DAP‐K, and in 43% of samples for E‐cadherin. Hypermethylation of either individual genes or their combination was not associated with mortality from all causes, mortality from upper aerodigestive tract cancer, or the occurrence of second primary tumors.CONCLUSIONS.The analysis of a large series of patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer suggested that hypermethylation is a frequent event in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, but it is not a predictor of mortality or second primary cancer. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Die neue Schallschutznormung – Zur Neufassung der DIN 4109
Authors: Pohlenz Rainer 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDie im Jahre 1989 geborene Fassung der DIN 4109 ist in die Jahre gekommen. Dabei war es ihr leider nicht vergönnt, in Würde zu altern. Als Kind vieler zerstrittener Väter schon mit Geburtsfehlern zur Welt gekommen, kamen im Laufe der Jahre immer mehr Krankheiten ans Licht, von denen leider nicht alle geheilt werden konnten. So war es nur verständlich, dass sich sehr bald neue Eltern für eine neue Norm fanden, und viele Paten wurden ihnen zur Seite gestellt. Jedoch auch jetzt will es mit der Geburt nicht so recht klappen. Der Termin wird ein ums andere mal verschoben. Was war also krank an der alten Norm, und was muss die neue Norm besser machen?
Dinuclear Titanium(IV) Complexes Bearing Phenoxide‐Tethered N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands with cisoid Conformation through Control of Hydrolysis
Authors: Zhang Dao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn situ generated N‐heterocyclic carbene salt derivative Na2(L) of 1,3‐bis(4,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzyl)imidazolium bromide, [H3(L)]Br, reacted with 1 equiv. of TiBr4 at –78 °C to give a titanium complex of the composition [(L)TiBr2(thf)] (1), while the reaction in a 2:1 ratio under the same conditions afforded bisligand titanium complex [(L)2Ti] (2). Two oxygen‐bridged titanium dimers, {[(L)TiBr]2(μ‐O)} (4) and {[(L)Ti(μ‐O)]2} (5), were obtained by control of hydrolysis of 1 and [(L)Ti(CH2Ph)2] (3) in tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether. The molecular structures of 2, 4, and 5 have been confirmed by X‐ray single‐crystal analysis. The phenoxide‐functionalized NHC ligand adopts transoid conformation in mononuclear complex 2 but rare cisoid conformation in dinuclear complexes 4 and 5. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Fluorocycloalkylated Fullerenes in the Systems C60/70–C2F4I2
Authors: Pimenova Anna S. , Sidorov Lev N. , Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn addition reaction of biradicals thermally generated from C2F4I2 was applied to functionalize fullerenes. This resulted in the formation of a number of C60(C2F4)n and C70(C2F4)m compounds. HPLC separation allowed the determination of the molecular structures of C60(C4F8)2 (two isomers), C60(C4F8)6, and C70(C2F4)2 and revealed that these compounds are formed by different modes of [4 + 2], [4 + 3], and [2 + 2] addition, respectively. A new synthetic approach for the preparation of a series of fluorocycloalkylated derivatives of fullerenes should be further exploited. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Investigation of the Role of Ionic Liquids in Imparting Electrocatalytic Behavior to Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Maleki Norouz , Safavi Afsaneh , Tajabadi Fariba 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a survey has been undertaken to clarify the possible reasons for the electrocatalytic activity obtained by the presence of ionic liquid in carbon paste electrode (CPE). For this purpose, the effect of the addition of traces of ionic liquid to conventional CPE was investigated. Fe(CN)63−/4− was used as a probe and two ionic liquids, namely n‐octylpyridinum hexafluorophosphate and 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexaflourophosphate were tested for their electrocatalytic activity. The reasons for this electrocatalytic behavior were evaluated and it was found that different factors such as increase in the ionic conduction of the binder, decrease in the resistance of the modified electrode, increase in ion exchange properties of the electrode and the inherent catalytic activity of ionic liquids are responsible for the considerable improved electrochemical response obtained in the presence of traces of ionic liquid.
Adsorptive Stripping Analysis of Riboflavin at Electrically Heated Graphite Cylindrical Electrodes
Authors: Wu Shao‐Hua , Sun Jian‐Jun , Lin Zhi‐Bin , Wu Ai‐Hong , Zeng Yong‐Ming , Guo Liang , Zhang De‐Feng , Dai Hui‐Ming , Chen Guo‐Nan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractElectrically heated graphite cylindrical electrodes (HGCEs) made from ground pencil leads have been used to perform adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry (SWV) measurements of trace riboflavin (RF). The SWV stripping peak current was significantly enhanced with increasing the electrode temperature only during preconcentration step. This enhancement was due to the forced thermal convection induced by heating the electrode rather than the bulk solution. It is the thermal convection that has the ability to improve mass transfer and facilitate adsorption thus enhance stripping responses. It was found that the detection limit of 5×10−9 M (S/N=3) could be obtained at an electrode temperature of 72 °C during 5 min accumulation, more than one magnitude lower than that at 22 °C (room temperature), the sensitivity could be enhanced ca. eight or four folds for two different RF concentration ranges. So it is possible to develop a new highly sensitive method to determine riboflavin at HGCEs. Such HGCEs were also successfully used to determine RF in multivitamin tablets.
Recent trends in CE of inorganic ions: From individual to multiple elemental species analysis
Authors: Timerbaev Andrei R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe major methodological developments in CE related to inorganic analysis are overviewed. This is an update to a previous review article by the author (Timerbaev, A. R., Electrophoresis 2004, 25, 4008–4031) and it covers the review work and innovative research papers published between January 2004 and the first part of 2006. As was underlined in that review, a growing interest of analytical community in providing elemental speciation information found a sound response of the CE method developers. Presently, almost every second research paper in the field of interest deals with element species analysis, the use of inductively coupled plasma MS detection and biochemical applications being the topics of utmost research efforts. On the other hand, advances in general methodology traditionally centered on a CE system modernization for improvements in sensitivity and separation selectivity have attracted less attention over the review period. While there is no indication that inorganic ion applications would surpass by the developmental rate the more matured analysis of organic analytes, CE can now be seen as an analytical technique to be before long customary in a number of inorganic analysis arenas.
Study of the determination of inorganic arsenic species by CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Nguyen Huong Thi Anh , Kubáň Pavel , Pham Viet Hung , Hauser Peter C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe determination of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V), as inorganic arsenite and arsenate, was investigated by CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D). It was found necessary to determine the two inorganic arsenic species separately employing two different electrolyte systems. Electrolyte solutions consisting of 50 mM CAPS/2 mM L‐arginine (Arg) (pH 9.0) and of 45 mM acetic acid (pH 3.2) were used for arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) determinations, respectively. Detection limits of 0.29 and 0.15 μM were achieved for As(III) and As(V), respectively by using large‐volume injection to maximize the sensitivity. The analysis of contaminated well water samples from Vietnam is demonstrated.
Differentiation of semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE)
Authors: Davies R. Rhys , Dawson Kate , Mioshi Eneida , Erzinçlioğlu Sharon , Hodges John R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is a simple diagnostic tool bridging the gap between the very brief Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and much longer test batteries used by neuropsychologists which has proven extremely popular internationally.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the ability of the ACE to differentiate semantic dementia (SD) from Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThe ACE was administered to three groups: SD patients (n = 40) and two separate groups of AD patients (n = 40 in each), matched for overall ACE or MMSE score.ResultsSignificant differences were found between SD and both AD groups for the ACE sub‐scores of naming, reading and orientation in time. Discriminant analysis (SD versus AD) led to the formulation of a ‘semantic index’ (naming plus reading minus scores for serial‐7s, orientation in time and drawing). Application of the semantic index to the patient data found values of less than zero to be predictive of SD rather than AD with 88% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Validation analysis in an independent sample of 24 SD and AD patients proved even more favourable.ConclusionsThe overall ACE score is known to be a sensitive, and specific, indicator of early neurodegenerative dementia; this study shows that the ACE can also be used to detect SD through application of the semantic index. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Swallowing disorders in the first year after radiation and chemoradiation
Authors: Logemann Jeri A. , Pauloski Barbara Roa , Rademaker Alfred W. , Lazarus Cathy L. , Gaziano Joy , Stachowiak Linda , Newman Lisa , MacCracken Ellen , Santa Daphne , Mittal Bharat 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundRadiation alone or concurrent chemoradiation can result in severe swallowing disorders. This manuscript defines the swallowing disorders occurring at pretreatment and 3 and 12 months after completion of radiation or chemoradiation.MethodsForty‐eight patients (10 women and 38 men) participated in this study involving videofluorographic evaluation of oropharyngeal swallow at the 3 time points.ResultsAt baseline, patients had some swallow disorders, probably related to presence of their tumor. At 3 months posttreatment, frequency of reduced tongue base retraction, slow or delayed laryngeal vestibule closure, and reduced laryngeal elevation increased from baseline. Some disorders continued at 12 months posttreatment. Functional swallow decreased over time in patients treated with chemoradiation, but not those treated with radiation alone.DiscussionChemoradiation results in fewer functional swallowers than radiation alone at 12 months posttreatment completion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Spatial and temporal variability of the hydrological response in a small Mediterranean research catchment (Vallcebre, Eastern Pyrenees)
Authors: Latron J. , Soler M. , Llorens P. , Gallart F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper analyses the spatial and temporal variability of the hydrological response in a small Mediterranean catchment (Cal Rodó). The first part of the analysis focuses on the rainfall–runoff relationship at seasonal and monthly scale, using an 8‐year data set. Then, using storm‐flow volume and coefficient, the temporal variability of the rainfall–runoff relationship and its relationship with several hydrological variables are analysed at the event scale from hydrographs observed over a 3‐year period. Finally, the spatial non‐linearity of the hydrological response is examined by comparing the Cal Rodó hydrological response with the Can Vila sub‐catchment response at the event scale. Results show that, on a seasonal and monthly scale, there is no simple relationship between rainfall and runoff depths, and that evapotranspiration is a factor that introduced some non‐linearity in the rainfall–runoff relationship. The analysis of monthly values also reveals the existence of a threshold in the relationship between rainfall and runoff depths, denoting a more contrasted hydrological response than the one usually observed in humid catchments. At the event scale, the storm‐flow coefficient has a clear seasonal pattern with an alternance between a wet period, when the catchment is hydrologically responsive, and a dry summer period, when the catchment is much less reactive to any rainfall. The relationship between the storm‐flow coefficient and rainfall depth, rainfall maximum intensity and base‐flow shows that observed correlations are the same as those observed for humid conditions, even if correlation coefficients are notably lower. Comparison with the Can Vila sub‐catchment highlights the spatial heterogeneity of the rainfall‐runoff relationship at the small catchment scale. Although interpretation in terms of runoff processes remains delicate, heterogeneities between the two catchments seem to be related to changes in the ratio between infiltration excess and saturation processes in runoff formation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on estimating urban roof runoff with a forest evaporation model
Authors: Gash J. H. C. , Rosier P. T. W. , Ragab R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA model developed for estimating the evaporation of rainfall intercepted by forest canopies is applied to estimate measurements of the average runoff from the roofs of six houses made in a previous study of hydrological processes in an urban environment. The model is applied using values of the mean rates of wet canopy evaporation and rainfall derived previously for forests and an estimate of the roof storage capacity derived from the data collected in the previous study. Although the model prediction is sensitive to the value of storage capacity, close correlation between the modelled and measured runoff indicates that the model captures the essential processes. It is concluded that the process of evaporation from an urban roof is sufficiently similar to that from a forest canopy for forest evaporation models to be used to give a useful estimate of urban roof runoff. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NHERFs, NEP, MAGUKs, and more: Interactions that regulate PTEN
Authors: Bonifant Challice L. , Kim Jung‐Sik , Waldman Todd 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis year marks the 10th anniversary of the discovery of the PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 tumor suppressor gene (hereafter referred to as PTEN), one of the most commonly mutated genes in cancer. PTEN encodes a lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates phosphoinositide‐3,4,5‐triphosphate (PIP3), thereby counteracting mitogenic signaling pathways driven by phosphoinositol‐3‐kinases (PI3K). By opposing PI3K signaling, PTEN inhibits the activation of the critical PI3K effector proteins Akt1‐3 (also known as protein kinase B or PKB). Given its central role in antagonizing PI3K signaling, one might expect that like PI3K, the activity of the PTEN protein would be highly regulated by numerous protein/protein interactions. However, surprisingly little is known about such interactions. This fact, combined with the generally accepted notion that phosphatases are less exquisitely regulated than kinases, has led to the idea that PTEN may function in a relatively unregulated fashion. Here we review the identities and proposed functions of known PTEN‐interacting proteins, and point out avenues of investigation that we hope may be fruitful in identifying important new mechanisms of PTEN regulation in mammalian cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 878–885, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear architecture: Is it important for genome function and can we prove it?
Authors: Mateos‐Langerak Julio , Goetze Sandra , Leonhardt Heinrich , Cremer Thomas , van Driel Roel , Lanctôt Christian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGene regulation in higher eukaryotes has been shown to involve regulatory sites, such as promoters and enhancers which act at the level of individual genes, and mechanisms which control the functional state of gene clusters. A fundamental question is whether additional levels of genome control exist. Nuclear organization and large‐scale chromatin structure may constitute such a level and play an important role in the cell‐type specific orchestration of the expression of thousands of genes in eukaryotic cells. Numerous observations indicate a tight correlation between genome activity and nuclear and large‐scale chromatin structure. However, causal relationships are rare. Here we explore how these might be uncovered. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1067–1075, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.