bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a modified-live equine influenza virus vaccine in ponies after induction of exercise-induced immunosuppression
Authors: Lunn D. Paul , Hussey Steve , Sebring Randy , Rushlow Keith E. , Radecki Steve V. , Whitaker-Dowling Patricia , Youngner Julius S. , Chambers Thomas M. , Holland Robert E. , Horohov David W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of an intranasal cold-adapted modified- live equine influenza virus vaccine administered to ponies following induction of exercise-induced immunosuppression.Design—Prospective study.Animals—Fifteen 9- to 15-month old ponies that had not had influenza.Procedure—Five ponies were vaccinated after 5 days of strenuous exercise on a high-speed treadmill, 5 were vaccinated without undergoing exercise, and 5 were not vaccinated or exercised and served as controls. Three months later, all ponies were challenged by nebulization of homologous equine influenza virus. Clinical and hematologic responses and viral shedding were monitored, and serum and nasal secretions were collected for determination of influenza-virus-specific antibody isotype responses.Results—Exercise caused immunosuppression, as indicated by depression of lymphocyte proliferation in response to pokeweed mitogen. Vaccination did not result in adverse clinical effects, and none of the vaccinated ponies developed clinical signs of infection following challenge exposure. In contrast, challenge exposure caused marked clinical signs of respiratory tract disease in 4 control ponies. Vaccinated and control ponies shed virus after challenge exposure. Antibody responses to vaccination were restricted to serum IgGa and IgGb responses in both vaccination groups. After challenge exposure, ponies in all groups generated serum IgGa and IgGb and nasal IgA responses. Patterns of serum hemagglutination inhibition titers were similar to patterns of IgGa and IgGb responses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that administration of this MLV vaccine to ponies with exercise-induced immunosuppression was safe and that administration of a single dose to ponies provided clinical protection 3 months later. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:900–906)
Evaluation of a balanced fresh paste diet for maintenance of captive neotropical rattlesnakes used for venom production
Authors: Panizzutti Marcia Helena Martins , Oliveira Marcelo Mendonça de , Barbosa Jorge Luiz , Cavalcanti Plauto Leonardo Xavier , Rocha-Barbosa Oscar 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate efficacy of a balanced fresh
paste diet for maintenance of captive neotropical rattlesnakes
used for venom production.

Design—Controlled clinical trial.

Animals—40 healthy neotropical rattlesnakes.

Procedure—Rattlesnakes were force-fed once per
week (10% of body weight) for 19 weeks; 20 control
snakes received dead mice, whereas 20 test snakes
received a balanced fresh paste diet. Ecdysis rates
were calculated, and body weight was recorded
weekly. After 19 weeks, venom was extracted and
analyzed.

Results—Sickness or deaths were not observed;
weight loss during ecdysis and weight gain overall
were similar between groups. Snakes fed the balanced
fresh paste diet had similar ecdysis frequency,
venom potency, and protein concentration in venom
as did snakes fed mice.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a balanced fresh paste diet has sufficient
nutritional value to avoid weight loss and death and
does not adversely affect venom quality in captive
neotropical rattlesnakes. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2001;218:912–914)
Incidence and prognostic value of low plasma ionized calcium concentration in cats with acute pancreatitis: 46 cases (1996–1998)
Authors: Kimmel Susan E. , Washabau Robert J. , Drobatz Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the incidence and prognostic significance of low plasma ionized calcium concentration in cats with clinical signs of acute pancreatitis (AP).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—46 cats with AP and 92 control cats with nonpancreatic diseases.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed, and results of clinicopathologic testing, including plasma ionized and total calcium concentrations, acid-base values, and electrolyte concentrations, were recorded. Cats with AP were grouped on the basis of outcome (survived vs died or were euthanatized), and plasma ionized calcium concentrations, acid-base values, and electrolyte concentrations were compared between groups.Results—Serum total calcium concentration was low in 19 (41%) cats with AP, and plasma ionized calcium concentration was low in 28 (61%). Cats with AP had a significantly lower median plasma ionized calcium concentration (1.07 mmol/L) than did control cats (1.12 mmol/L). Nineteen (41%) cats with AP died or were euthanatized; these cats had a significantly lower median plasma ionized calcium concentration (1.00 mmol/L) than did cats that survived (1.12 mmol/L). Ten of the 13 cats with AP that had plasma ionized calcium concentrations ≤ 1.00 mmol/L died or were euthanatized.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that low plasma ionized calcium concentration is common in cats with AP and is associated with a poorer outcome. A grave prognosis and aggressive medical treatment are warranted for cats with AP that have a plasma ionized calcium concentration ≤ 1.00 mmol/L. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1105–1109)
Reproductive effects of estradiol cypionate in postparturient dairy cows
Authors: Wagner Denae C. , BonDurant Robert H. , Sischo William M. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the effects of estradiol cypionate
(ECP) on measures of reproductive efficiency
in postparturient dairy cows.

Design—Randomized clinical trial.

Animals—273 cows in a single herd in California.

Procedure—Twenty-four hours after parturition, 122
cows were treated with ECP (4 mg, IM); the remaining
151 cows were untreated controls. Percentages of cattle
with abnormal findings during uterine palpation 27
to 40 days after parturition were compared between
groups, along with days to first artificial insemination
(AI), percentages of cows that were not pregnant after
the first AI, and days to pregnancy.

Results—Treatment with ECP did not have a significant
effect on whether results of uterine palpation 27
to 40 days after parturition were abnormal, days to first
AI, or odds that a cow would be pregnant after the first
AI. Treatment with ECP appeared to have a negative
effect on days to pregnancy (hazard ratio, 0.72)

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that prophylactic administration of ECP during the
early postparturient period in dairy cows did not have
measurable beneficial effects on reproductive efficiency.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:220–223)
Osteomyelitis of the sustentaculum tali in horses: 10 cases (1992–1998)
Authors: Hand D. Reese , Watkins Jeffery P. , Honnas Clifford M. , Kemper Deborah 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine outcome of horses with
osteomyelitis of the sustentaculum tali (ST), with or
without associated tarsal sheath tenosynovitis, following
surgical débridement and lavage.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—10 horses in which a diagnosis of
osteomyelitis of the ST had been made on the basis
of history, physical examination findings, and results
of radiography.

Procedure—Information on results of diagnostic testing,
surgical findings, postoperative treatment, and
short-term outcome was obtained from the medical
records. Long-term follow-up information was
obtained through reevaluation of horses at the teaching
hospital and telephone conversations with referring
veterinarians, owners, and trainers.

Results—Treatment consisted of surgical débridement,
intra- and postoperative lavage, and long-term
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment. Eight
horses had evidence of involvement of the tarsal
sheath. One horse was euthanatized after surgery
because of a lack of response to treatment; the other
9 were discharged from the hospital. Severity of
lameness had improved, but all still had grade-1 or -2
lameness at the time of discharge. One horse was
euthanatized after discharge because of contralateral
hind limb laminitis, and another horse was lost to follow-
up. Of the remaining 7 horses, 6 returned to their
previous use, and 1 was sound but retired for breeding
for unrelated reasons.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that horses with osteomyelitis of the ST, with or
without concomitant tarsal sheath tenosynovitis, can
have an excellent to good outcome and may return to
their previous use after surgical débridement of
affected tissues and lavage of the tarsal sheath. (J Am
Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:341–345)
Tissue disposition and depletion of penicillin G after oral administration with milk in unweaned dairy calves
Authors: Musser Jeffrey M. B. , Anderson Kevin L. , Boison Joe O. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine tissue depletion of penicillin G in calves after oral ingestion with milk replacer and estimate a withdrawal period.Design—Longitudinal controlled trial.Animals—26 Holstein calves.Procedure—Once daily, 24 calves were fed milk replacer containing procaine penicillin G (0.68 mg/kg [0.31 mg/lb] of body weight); 2 calves served as controls. After 1 feeding, 12 calves were euthanatized in groups of 3 each 4, 6.5, 9.5, and 13 hours after feeding. After 14 days, 12 calves were euthanatized in groups of 3 each 4, 6.5, 9.5, and 13 hours after the final feeding. Concentrations of penicillin G were determined in tissues, blood, and urine by use of high-performance liquid chromatography.Results—Penicillin G was not detected in muscle samples of treated calves. The highest concentrations of penicillin G in plasma, kidney, and liver were 13 ng/ml, 92 ng/g, and 142 ng/g, respectively. Thirteen carcasses had violative drug residues; 12 had violative residues in the liver only, and 1 had violative residues in the liver and kidney. A 21-hour withdrawal period was estimated.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Liver had the highest concentration of penicillin G and was most likely to have violative residues. Feeding calves milk containing penicillin G has the potential to cause violative drug residues in tissues. It is recommended to observe an appropriate withdrawal time prior to slaughter if calves are fed milk from cows treated with penicillin G. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219: 346–350)
Bacterial microflora of normal and telangiectatic livers in cattle
Authors: Stotland Elad I. , Edwards John F. , Roussel Allen J. , Simpson Russell B. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To identify potential bacterial pathogens
in normal and telangiectatic livers of mature cattle at
slaughter and to identify consumer risk associated
with hepatic telangiectasia.

Sample Population—50 normal livers and 50 severely
telangiectatic livers.

Procedure—Normal and telangiectatic livers were
collected at slaughter for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial
culture. Isolates were identified, and patterns of
isolation were analyzed. Histologic examination of all
livers was performed.

Results—Human pathogens isolated from normal
and telangiectatic livers included Escherichia coli
O157:H7 and group-D streptococci. Most livers in
both groups contained bacteria in low numbers; however,
more normal livers yielded negative culture
results. More group-D streptococci were isolated
from the right lobes of telangiectatic livers than from
the left lobes, and more gram-negative anaerobic bacteria
were isolated from left lobes of telangiectatic livers
than from right lobes. All telangiectatic lesions
were free of fibrosis, active necrotizing processes,
and inflammation.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The USDA
regulation condemning telangiectatic livers is justified
insofar as these livers contain more bacteria than normal
livers do; however, normal livers contain similar
species of microflora. Development of telangiectasia
could not be linked to an infectious process. The finding
of E coli O157:H7 in bovine livers suggests that
information regarding bacterial content of other offal
and muscle may identify sources of this and other
potential foodborne pathogens and assist in establishing
critical control points for the meat industry. (J
Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:36–39)
Survival times of and prognostic indicators for dogs with heart base masses: 25 cases (1986–1999)
Authors: Vicari Erin D. , Brown Dorothy C. , Holt David E. , Brockman Daniel J. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine survival times of and prognostic
indicators for dogs with heart base masses.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—25 dogs.

Procedure—Medical records were reviewed to
obtain information regarding signalment; initial complaint;
results of physical examination, radiography,
electrocardiography, and echocardiography; surgical
findings; medical and surgical treatment; outcome;
necropsy findings; survival time; and cause of death.

Results—Survival time ranged from 0 to 1,096 days
(mean, 213 days; median, 57 days). None of the variables
examined, including initial complaints and
results of physical examination, radiography, electrocardiography,
and echocardiography, were associated
with survival time. However, dogs that underwent
pericardectomy had a significantly longer mean survival
time (mean ± SD, 661 ± 170 days) than did dogs
that were treated medically (129 ± 51 days).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that dogs with heart base masses that undergo
pericardectomy may survive longer than those that
receive medical treatment alone. (J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2001;219:485–487)
Effect of gonadectomy on subsequent development of age-related cognitive impairment in dogs
Authors: Hart Benjamin L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether gonadectomy predisposes dogs to development of age-related behavioral changes linked to cognitive impairment.Design—Cohort study.Animals—29 sexually intact male dogs, 63 spayed female dogs, and 47 castrated male dogs 11 to 14 years old.Procedure—Information on possible impairments in 4 behavioral categories linked to cognitive impairment (orientation in the home and yard, social interactions, house training, and sleep-wake cycle) was obtained from owners of the dogs by use of a structured telephone interview format. A second interview was performed 12 to 18 months after the initial interview, and differences in responses were evaluated.Results—Sexually intact male dogs were significantly less likely than neutered dogs to progress from mild impairment (ie, impairment in 1 category) to severe impairment (ie, impairment in ≥ 2 categories) during the time between the first and second interviews. This difference was not attributable to differences in ages of the dogs, duration of follow-up, or the owners, perceptions of the dogs, overall health.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the presence of circulating testosterone in aging sexually intact male dogs may slow the progression of cognitive impairment, at least among dogs that already have signs of mild impairment. Estrogens would be expected to have a similar protective role in sexually intact female dogs; unfortunately, too few sexually intact female dogs were available for inclusion in the study to test this hypothesis. There may be a need to evaluate possible methods for counteracting the effects of loss of sex hormones in gonadectomized dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001; 219:51–56)
Study of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus that lack detectable virus in serum
Authors: Grooms Daniel L. , Kaiser Lana , Walz Paul H. , Baker John C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) that lack virus detectable in serum by use of the immunoperoxidase microtiter assay (IPMA) can transmit the virus to susceptible herdmates and determine prevalence of these cattle.Design—Clinical trial and serologic survey.Sample Population—2 cattle and 1,952 blood samples.Procedure—A persistently infected cow in which virus could not be detected in serum was housed with a BVDV-seronegative steer. Blood and nasal swab specimens were tested via virus isolation and serum virus neutralization. Parallel WBC preparations and sera from blood samples of 1,952 adult cows were screened for BVDV by use of IPMA.Results—The steer seroconverted to BVDV within 4 weeks of contact with the cow. Virus was detected in sera and WBC of 5 adult cows that were verified as persistently infected by retest 3 weeks later. Cattle persistently infected with BVDV in which virus could not be detected in both serum and WBC by use of IPMA were not found.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Cattle persistently infected with BVDV in which virus cannot be detected in serum by use of IPMA may serve as virus reservoirs for infecting susceptible cattle. Persistent infection was detected at a prevalence of 0.26%. Screening adult cattle by use of IPMA on serum samples appears to be a reliable means of detecting persistent infection with BVDV. Prevalence of cattle persistently infected with BVDV that have negative results of IPMA on serum is extremely low. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:629–631)
Survey of veterinary technical and professional skills in students and recent graduates of a veterinary college
Authors: Tinga Carol E. , Adams Cindy L. , Bonnett Brenda N. , Ribble Carl S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives—To determine perceptions of veterinary technical and professional skills among veterinary students and recent graduates.Design—Cross-sectional study.Sample Population—281 students and 142 recent graduates from the Ontario Veterinary College.Procedure—A survey was designed and administered to first- through fourth-year students and veterinarians who had graduated either 1 or 6 years before survey administration.Results—Overall response rate was 70%. Learning about technical and professional skills was highly valued. Most participants felt they had not received instruction about professional skills, but those who had felt more competent about them. Perceptions of competence increased slightly with increased comfort discussing emotional veterinary issues with instructors. Neither gender nor increased age was related to increased feelings of competence. Almost all fourth-year students felt competent and comfortable about examining an animal with the client present, assessing suffering, diagnosing parvovirus infection, performing surgery, and working as group members. However, many did not feel competent or comfortable about delivering bad news, setting time limits yet providing quality service, helping clients with limited funds make treatment decisions, dealing with demanding people, and euthanasia. Feelings of competence and comfort were closely related but were not identical.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the interests of best preparing entry-level veterinarians, technical and professional skills need to be emphasized in a learning environment where students feel comfortable discussing emotional veterinary issues. A professional skills curriculum addressing underlying selfawareness, communication, and interpersonal issues, as well as procedural matters, would likely increase the proportion of fourth-year students who feel competent and comfortable about professional skills by the end of their undergraduate training. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:924–931)
Prolonged anesthesia with desflurane and fentanyl in dogs during conventional and laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Martín María F. , Lima Juan R. , Ezquerra Luis J. , Carrasco María S. , Usón-Gargallo Jesús 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of prolonged anesthesia with desflurane in dogs undergoing laparotomy or abdominal laparoscopy.Design—Randomized prospective study.Animals—20 adult mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups with 10 dogs/group. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with desflurane and fentanyl, and pyloroplasty was performed. In 10 dogs, a ventral midline laparotomy was performed; in the other 10, abdominal laparoscopy was performed. Dogs were monitored for cardiovascular and respiratory responses (ECG, oxygen saturation [SpO2], arterial blood pressure, rectal temperature, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PETCO2], and expired desflurane concentration). Recovery times were recorded.Results—Mean ± SD duration of anesthesia was 201 ± 25 minutes for dogs undergoing laparotomy and 287 ± 15 minutes for dogs undergoing laparoscopy. Anesthesia was accompanied by hypotension that was less severe in dogs undergoing laparoscopy. Heart rate did not vary significantly during anesthesia. The SpO2was > 97% in all dogs at all times, and PETCO2remained within reference limits. Recovery times for dogs that underwent laparotomy were not significantly different from those for dogs that underwent laparoscopy. Mean ± SD time to standing was 13.6 ± 2.4 minutes for dogs that underwent laparotomy and 12.5 ± 2.9 minutes for dogs that underwent laparoscopy.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that induction of anesthesia with propofol and maintenance with desflurane and fentanyl is safe in dogs undergoing abdominal surgery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:941–945)
Endoscopic assessment of airway function as a predictor of racing performance in Thoroughbred yearlings: 427 cases (1997–2000)
Authors: Stick John A. , Peloso John G. , Morehead James P. , Lloyd James , Eberhart Sue , Padungtod Pawin , Derksen Frederik J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare endoscopic findings of the upper portion of the respiratory tract in Thoroughbred yearlings with their subsequent race records to determine whether subjective assessment of airway function may be used as a predictor of future racing performance.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—427 Thoroughbred yearlings.Procedures—Endoscopic examination findings were obtained from the medical records and the videoendoscopic repository of the Keeneland 1996 September yearling sales. Racing records were requested for the yearlings through the end of their 4-year-old racing season (1997–2000). Twenty-nine measures of racing performance were correlated with endoscopic findings. Subjective arytenoid cartilage movement grades were determined, using a 4-point grading scale (grade 1 = symmetrical synchronous abduction of the arytenoid cartilages; grade 4 = no substantial movement of the left arytenoid cartilage).Results—Of the 427 Thoroughbred yearlings included in this study, 364 established race records, and 63 did not. Opinions regarding suitability for purchase, meeting conditions of the sale, and the presence of epiglottic abnormalities had no significant association with racing performance. Arytenoid cartilage movement grades were significantly associated with many of the dependent variables. However, palatine abnormalities were not predictive of inferior racing performance.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Thoroughbred yearlings with grade-1 and -2 arytenoid cartilage movements had significantly better racing performance as adults, compared with yearlings with grade- 3 arytenoid cartilage movements. In contrast, epiglottic and palatine abnormalities were not predictive of inferior racing performance. Therefore, evaluation of laryngeal function, but not epiglottic or palatine abnormalities, using the 4-point grading system, should be the major factor in developing recommendations for prospective buyers. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219: xxx–xxx)