bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA, PROTEIN AND DNA SYNTHESIS STIMULATED BY TESTOSTERONE, INSULIN AND PROLACTIN IN THE RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE CULTURED IN CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM
Authors: Johansson Risto 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an organ type tissue culture of the rat ventral prostate in a chemically defined medium insulin (0.08 IU/ml) stimulated the synthesis of RNA within 6–12 h, the synthesis of protein within 6–12 h and the synthesis of DNA within 2–4 days. Testosterone (10−8 m) stimulated these synthetic processes somewhat more slowly: the synthesis of RNA within 12–24 h, protein within 12–24 h and DNA at 4 days. Rather high concentrations of insulin were needed while testosterone was effective at a physiological concentration. Prolactin (1000 ng/ml) stimulated the synthesis of RNA and protein, but not DNA, when added together with either testosterone or insulin, but was completely ineffective when added alone. The response times resembled those of insulin. The lower concentrations of prolactin were ineffective. Growth hormone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone did not stimulate the synthesis of RNA, protein or DNA even when added with testosterone. The results confirm the findings of the numerous in vivo experiments that the hypophyseal hormone prolactin has a direct effect on the ventral prostate.
IN VITRO STUDIES ON COLLAGEN METABOLISM IN METAPHYSEAL RAT BONE
Authors: Langeland Norvald 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of oestradiol-17β treatment on bone collagen metabolism in vitro was studied in metaphyseal rat bone. Rats were oophorectomized and subsequently treated for 3 weeks with different doses of oestradiol-17β. Bone pieces were incubated in a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium for 6 h. Synthesis of [14C] hydroxyproline from [14C]proline and the incorporation of this amino acid into the bone samples was determined and the collagen synthesis and accretion rates calculated from these data. Collagen resorption rates were calculated from measured release of non-radioactive hydroxyproline to the medium.
Castration resulted in an increased rate of accretion and resorption of collagen. All doses of oestradiol tested in this study (1 to 20 μg per animal per day for 3 weeks) decreased both accretion and resorption rates to levels insignificantly different from those of the non-castrated control rats. Only the 2 μg treated group had significantly better collagen balance than the castrated untreated rats.
APPLICATION OF A RADIOLIGAND RECEPTOR ASSAY FOR DETERMINATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Leidenberger F. A. , Willaschek R. , Pahnke V. G. , Reichert L. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A sensitive, specific and economic radioligand receptor assay is described for measurement of LH in human serum (RRA-LH). By means of ethanol fractionation or (NH4)2SO4-precipitation serum can be prepared for LH-quantitation and tested in the RRA-LH without interference of a nonspecific inhibiting substance present in untreated serum from various human sources. Treatment of serum with 8 % ethanol separates nonspecific inhibiting substances from LH, the latter remaining in the supernatant at this ethanol concentration.
The criteria of specificity are examined. The results of experiments designed to produce evidence for or against specificity suggest specificity of the RRA-LH.
Recoveries, as estimated by administration of [125I]hLH and unlabelled hLH to untreated serum samples are shown to be between 80 and 95 % for the ethanol fractionation procedure and between 65 and 75 % for the (NH4)2SO4-precipitation method.
The ethanol fractionation procedure is preferred for routine serum-LH determination because of its simplicity, speed and higher recoveries.
Ethanol-treated sera from post-menopausal women show, on average, higher RRA-LH concentrations than ethanol-treated sera from young women. RRA-LH values are consistently higher than LH-values found by radioimmunoassay (RIA-LH).
The LH-concentrations in sera from two menstrual cycles and from two LH-releasing hormone tests are measured by RRA-LH and by RIA-LH. Similarities and discrepancies of the LH-profiles found by the two assay systems are described.
STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Guerrero R. , Aso T. , Brenner P. F. , Cekan Z. , Landgren B.-M. , Hagenfeldt K. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to analyze the multiple changes and interactions in circulating steroid levels in the peri-ovulatory and peri-menstrual periods, the plasma levels of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone and unconjugated pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, oestradiol and oestrone were assayed daily during a complete cycle in 17 normally menstruating women. In 14 of the 17 subjects studied androstenedione and unconjugated dihydrotestosterone were also estimated. The day of the LH-peak and the first day of menstruation, respectively, were used to synchronize the peri-ovulatory and peri-menstrual plasma levels of the various steroids.
With the exception of dehydroepiandrosterone and dihydrotestosterone, the plasma levels of all steroids exhibited significant, but different changes during the cycle. Testosterone levels showed a slight but significant increase around the LH-peak, whereas the levels of pregnenolone and androstenedione were higher in the post-ovulatory than in the pre-ovulatory periods. The levels of oestradiol and oestrone, as well as the ratios of oestradiol to oestrone gradually increased from the low values observed in the early proliferative phase to pre-ovulatory peak values. The relationship between peaks of oestradiol and oestrone and that of LH exhibited great individual variation. The same was true for the individual oestradiol to oestrone ratios. The combination of several steroidal signals did not improve the predictive value of the analyses. However, an increase of individual progesterone values by at least 0.35 ng/ml from the day preceding the LH-peak to the day of the LH-peak was observed in 13 of the 17 subjects. It is suggested that for the early detection of the LH surge and prediction of the subsequent ovulation daily assays of plasma progesterone are of more value than the assay of the other steroids investigated.
THE EFFECT OF INTRA-UTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES ON THE OESTROGEN-INDUCED INCORPORATION OF [3H-5]URIDINE INTO RNA BY THE RAT UTERUS
Authors: Dada O. A. , Adadevoh B. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A length of copper or stainless steel wire or of silk thread suture was inserted as an intra-uterine device (IUD) for 3 days in the right uterine horn of ovariectomized virgin female rats. The left horn served as a control. The control rats were ovariectomized but had no IUD inserted.
The in vitro incorporation of [3H-5]uridine into uterine RNA was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) in copper-bearing horns compared to control horns, while silk and steel devices had no inhibitory effect, thus indicating an effect of intra-uterine copper on oestradiol-induced uterine metabolism. The insertion of an intra-uterine device had no significant effect on uterine wet weight, DNA content or on the uptake of [3H-5]uridine into the nucleotide pool.
BODY WEIGHT REGULATION IN FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING NEONATAL TESTOSTERONE
Authors: Dubuc Paul U. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Neonatal testosterone treatment of female rats led to an increase in body weight and skeletal growth and produced evidence of altered ovarian function over a 76 day period following treatment. Bilateral ovariectomy performed eleven weeks after neonatal treatment increased the rate of body weight gain of both testosterone propionate- and oil-treated groups, but no differences in the increased rates of weight gain were evident between groups over a five week post-ovex observation period. Subsequently, long-term oestrogen replacement therapy, via subcutaneous Silastic implants, produced equal reductions in the rates of body weight gain and somatic growth of both early testosterone- and oil-treated ovariectomized groups. In spite of the marked effects of these manipulations on body weight and skeletal growth, no significant differences were noted in the Lee Index of obesity between androgenized and the appropriate non-androgenized control rats at any interval of the experimental period. These results indicate that neither ovarian hormones nor an altered sensitivity to oestrogen of body weight regulatory mechanisms are important in the increased body weight that follows perinatal testosterone treatment. Additionally, the present data add support to previous work which has suggested that a general increase of somatic growth rather than 'obesity' provides the major contribution to the elevated body weights of androgenized female rats.
INFUSIONS OF hFSH AND hLH IN NORMAL MEN
Authors: Kjeld J. M. , Kuku S. F. , Harsoulis P. , Fraser T. R. , Puah C. M. , Joplin G. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Standardized 4 h intravenous infusions of human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) and/or human luteinizing hormone (hLH) were given either separately or combined to 7 normal male volunteers. The infusions raised the serum gonadotrophin levels at least 10 (FSH) and 18 (LH) times above the basal ones. Serum testosterone (T) levels were measured serially before, during and after the infusions and, in 4 subjects, during a corresponding period of another normal day. During a normal or basal 24 h period fluctuations were seen and also a circadian rhythm with lower levels in the evening. The infusion of hFSH alone (3 subjects) did not alter the serum T levels. The infusion of hLH alone in 2 subjects raised serum T levels by 17% and 55% over those of the basal day. The combined FSH/LH infusion caused a significant rise (35–68%) in 4 subjects and greater rise in 2 of them than after infusion of the hLH alone. The serum T responses were gradual, reaching a maximum 7–8 h after the end of the infusion.
THE STIMULATION OF GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE BY ACTH AND ITS INHIBITION BY SOMATOSTATIN
Authors: Köbberling J. , Jüppner H. , Hesch R. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The rapid injection of 0.5 or 1.0 mg of tetracosactid (Synacthen®) was followed by a distinct increase of plasma growth hormone (GH) within 30 or 45 min in 5 of 7 normal volunteers. A second control test was performed in 3 of the 5 "responders" and 1 "non-responder" and showed a consistent reaction in all of them. The tests were then repeated in the 5 "responders" during an infusion of somatostatin (150 μg/h) and the GH response was totally abolished (3 subjects) or markedly reduced (2 subjects). Thus the ACTH induced GH release behaves in a manner similar to most other physiological or pharmacological stimuli of GH release. The cortisol output after ACTH was not altered by somatostatin.
IODOTHYRONINE CONTENT OF HUMAN THYROID ALBUMIN
Authors: Thomas-Morvan Colette 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Stable thyroid hormones (T4 and T3)1) have been demonstrated in pure albumin isolated from normal human thyroid tissue iodinated in vivo. Five samples of albumin were separated from other thyroid proteins by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. After pronase hydrolysis, the content of Thyroid hormones was measured chemically (T4 + T3) as well as by competitive radioactive measurement (T4) and radioimmunoassay (T3). The purity of the albumin and validity of these measurements were confirmed by different techniques.
The synthesis of thyroid hormones is not therefore a property unique to Tg and may occur in albumin. However the amount of iodothyronines in the albumin (average 0.004 residue per molecule) is much less than that found in Tg (0.5 residue per molecule). In the albumin as in Tg the number of hormone residues per molecule is proportional to the number of atoms of iodine. At an equivalent iodine concentration, the albumin seems capable of forming the thyroid hormones as well as Tg. The difference between these two proteins, in their capacity to synthesize thyroid hormones, seems to depend on their capacity for iodination. This difference of iodination does not seem to be linked with the number of tyrosyl residues, but might be related to the position of these residues.
DETERMINATION OF PLASMA ALDOSTERONE IN CHILDREN BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: Parth K. , Zimprich H. , Brunel Roswitha 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An accurate and relatively simple radioimmunoassay for the determination of aldosterone concentration in peripheral plasma has been developed. 0.5–2.0 ml plasma with added [1,2-3H] aldosterone is extracted with dichloromethane. Purification of the extract is achieved by thin layer chromatography in the system benzene-acetone 1:1. Recovery of [1,2-3H] aldosterone is 58 ± 6 (sd) %. Bound and free fractions are separated by dextran-coated charcoal.
The intra-assay reproducibility is 8.8 % and the inter-assay reproducibility varies from 11.4–16.1 %. The sensitivity of the assay for a 5 ml plasma sample can be put at 0.2 ng/100 ml.
Normal values determined in 52 healthy children of different age groups are presented. Furthermore the aldosterone stimulating effect of low sodium diet (17 children), severe and prolonged vomiting (19 children) and synthetic ACTH (10 children) has been studied by our modified method.
IN VITRO MODIFICATION OF RAT ADRENAL ZONA FASCICULATA/RETICULARIS FUNCTION BY THE ZONA GLOMERULOSA
Authors: Vinson G. P. , Whitehouse Barbara J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following earlier findings, the possibility that the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex may modify inner zone function was investigated. In a series of in vitro experiments designed to test this hypothesis it was found that:
1. Inner zone preparations gave significantly more steroid than either glomerulosa tissue incubated alone, or (for the first 40 min of a two hour incubation), an equivalent amount of whole adrenal tissue. Whole tissue yields were greater than glomerulosa alone only at the 120 min point. At no time did the whole tissue output approach the total anticipated by addition of separate inner zone and glomerulosa yields.
2. In 20 min incubations, inner zone steroid output generally could be depressed by the addition of a glomerulosa preincubation medium (PIM), or a steroid extract of a glomerulosa PIM, or by the addition of 100 ng aldosterone. Inner zone PIM had less effect.
3. Higher concentrations of aldosterone gave increased inhibition of inner zone corticosteroid production. The results indicated that only a part of the total corticosterone output was aldosterone sensitive in this way.
4. More specific analysis of the steroids showed that yields of corticosterone from endogenous precursors were depressed by aldosterone, but deoxycorticosterone and 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone were not. In the same incubations the presence of aldosterone had no effect on the formation of these three products from [3H]pregnenolone.
In total the results suggest that the presence of the glomerulosa may affect inner zone function by inhibiting the secretion of corticosterone formed from endogenous precursors. It is possible that aldosterone is the agent of this effect.
GROWTH HORMONE AND SOMATOMEDIN BEHAVIOUR IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Giordano Giulio , Foppiani Edilio , Minuto Francesco , Perroni Davide 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human growth hormone (HGH) and somatomedin (Sm) concentrations have been studied in a group of newborns.
Plasma HGH values were 41.17 ± 24.26 (sd) ng/ml (14.00-90.00 ng/ml) and the Sm value was 0.59 ± 0.43 (sd) U/ml (0.18–1.8 U/ml); the difference between these values and the ones observed in normal adults (2.45 ± 2.53 (sd) ng/ml and 1.16 ± 0.28 (sd) U/ml respectively) were statistically significant.
While growth hormone values were higher than in normal adult controls, somatomedin was significantly decreased. It is possible that the dissociation between human growth hormone and somatomedin in newborn could reflect a reduced biosynthesis of the somatomedin-generating system and consequently a lack of a feed-back control on GH exerted by somatomedin.
HETEROLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR BOVINE FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND ITS APPLICATION DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE IN CATTLE
Authors: Schams D. , Schallenberger E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A specific heterologous radioimmunoassay for bovine follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) has been developed using guinea pig antiserum to ovine FSH with radio-iodinated ovine FSH. Slight cross-reactions with bovine TSH and LH could be eliminated by adding bovine TSH and LH to each tube during the assay. The labelling method with lactoperoxidase turned out to be more useful than the chloramine-T method. Inhibition curves obtained with male and female bovine plasma were parallel to those obtained with the bovine standard preparation. Exogenous bFSH could be quantitatively recovered from 200 μl of plasma or serum with a mean of 101.7 ± 7.7 %. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was ≦ 6 %. The inter-assay CV was 13.5 %.
Sensitivity was 70 ng/ml NIH-FSH-B1. Mean plasma concentrations of FSH (NIH-FSH-B1) during the oestrous cycle were 303 ± 101 ng/ml. When plasma samples were collected in 6 h intervals from 17 oestrous cycles from 13 regularly cycling heifers and cows, a significant FSH peak occurred just before and during oestrus and coincided with the pre-ovulatory LH peak. Further FSH elevations could be measured on day 4, 8 and 12 after ovulation and 5 and 3 days before ovulation and showed a rhythmic pattern of four day intervals approximately.
STIMULATORY EFFECT OF FSH IN VITRO ON THE EXTRACELLULARLY ACTIVE CYCLIC AMP PHOSPHODIESTERASE IN THE PREPUBERTAL RAT OVARY
Authors: Selstam Gunnar , Rosberg Sten 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intact prepubertal rat ovaries were incubated with radioactively labelled adenosine 3,′5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in Krebs bicarbonate buffer containing glucose. The rate of degradation of cAMP was determined by measuring the radioactivity in the medium after precipitation with Ba(OH)2 and ZnSO4. The fate of the nucleotide was followed by measuring the products in the incubation medium. Paper chromatography was used for the separation and identification of these products. It was found that cAMP was degraded to AMP, which in turn was degraded to inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine. An uptake of labelled products was also observed. NIH-FSH-S9 (10 and 100 μg/ml), but not NIH-LH-B8 (0.1–100 μg/ml), increased the degradation of cAMP. Concomitantly, an increased accumulation of labelled adenosine and Pi as well as an increased uptake of labelled products were seen. Kinetic studies with low concentrations of cAMP (0.125–0.025 μmol/l) revealed an apparent Km value of 0.12 μmol/l for the phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. FSH significantly changed the slope of the curve in the Lineweaver-Burk plot by increasing the PDE activity. The increased PDE activity in the presence of FSH is discussed in relation to earlier findings of differences in action between LH and FSH on the cAMP system in the prepubertal rat ovary.
SIALIC ACID AND SIALIDASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL TISSUE, UTERINE FLUID AND PLASMA UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF UTERINE DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Ganguly S. , Sarkar D. , Ghosh J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sialic acid content in endometrial tissue and sialidase activity in the endometrium, uterine fluid and plasma has been measured in normal and in conditions of uterine dysfunctions. It has been observed that an antagonistic effect exists between endometrial sialidase and sialic acid content, but in all the cases of uterine dysfunctions, the sialidase activity in uterine fluid and plasma decreases, whereas it increases during pregnancy.
RNA METABOLISM IN CHICK OVIDUCT DURING OESTROGEN STIMULATION
Authors: Hemminki Kari 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The amount and the labelling of RNA were studied in chick oviduct after secondary stimulation of pre-treated chicks with oestrogen.
The weight of the oviduct increases over 2 fold in 20 h of oestrogen action using a dose of 1 mg. During the hormonal treatment the amount of cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA increases about 3 and 1.5 fold, respectively. The amount of poly(A)1) containing RNA increases somewhat less than that of RNA lacking poly(A). The proportion of poly(A) containing species of the total cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA decreases from 5.8 % to 4.4 % and from 7.8 % to 6.3 %, respectively. Hydroxyurea largely prevents the effect of oestrogen in increasing the amount of RNA.
Incorporation of [3H]uridine in RNA in vitro is stimulated about 2.5 fold in cytoplasmic RNA lacking poly(A) and only 1.2 fold in RNA containing poly(A) in 20 h of oestrogen action. In nuclear RNA the labelling of the two species is stimulated about 1.7 fold. Hydroxyurea fails to interfere with the oestrogen-induced stimulation in the labelling of RNA. Cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA containing poly(A) is distributed in a peak of about 20 S in agarose-acrylamide gels.
DIURNAL TESTOSTERONE AND 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF YOUNG POST-PUBERTAL BULLS.
Authors: Thibier M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone1) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were measured in the peripheral plasma of 6 young post-pubertal bulls of 1 year of age, by separate radioimmunoassays. Samples were collected every hour for 25 h at the beginning of each of four seasons. On a separate occasion blood samples were collected from one bull every 10 min for 2 h.
As a result of the study, testosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone appeared to be secreted episodically. These two steroid peaks showed good correlation. Each 24 h period showed its own characteristic pattern of pulsatile changes. Episodic secretion seems to be progressive rather than rapid and short lived.
No real circadian rhythm was observed but at about 10.00 a. m. a trough in these steroid secretions occurred. This was followed by an increase in peripheral plasma concentration. These troughs occurred at all seasons after the morning feed and while semen was being collected in the performance test station.
THE EFFECTS OF CASTRATION ON BODY COMPOSITION, ADIPOSE TISSUE CELLULARITY AND LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN ADULT MALE RATS
Authors: Kral John G. , Tisell Lars-Eric 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Gonadal hormones affect body composition, food intake, weight gain and serum lipids in numerous species including man. In this study, mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were castrated or sham-operated at 16 weeks of age. During the 6-week observation period with weekly records of food intake and weight gain, these parameters were significantly lower in the castrated group. The decrease in food intake in this group could not account for the difference in body weight between the groups, indicating a lower feed utilisation in the castrates.
At sacrifice accessory reproductive organs, the levator ani muscle, thymus and adrenals were dissected for determination of organ weight and histology, revealing significant reductions in the accessory reproductive organs and levator ani of the castrates. The thymus was significantly heavier in the castrated animals. No differences were found in the adrenals. Two of the sham-operated animals had signs of accidental functional castration. The proportion of body cell mass and total lipid of the carcass was the same in both groups. Significant reductions in adipocyte weights were found in the epididymal depots of the castrated rats.
Blood samples taken at sacrifice in pentobarbital anaesthesia were analysed for glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, FFA, glycerol and protein. Statistically significant reductions in triglycerides and protein were recorded in the castrated animals without any significant changes in the other parameters studied.
The results are discussed with reference to the age of castration and the importance of the reduced food intake in castrated animals.