bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical theory: 15 years later
Authors: Magala Slawomir 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe pupose of this paper is to explore the role of criticism in the growth of academic communities and their organizational transformations.Design/methodology/approachThrough a comparison between the Frankfurter School of critical thought with contemporary critical management studies, possible routes for further development of the latter are explored.FindingsThe cognitive turn in behavioural sciences and the bureaucratic professionalization of knowledge‐intensive occupations are a serious threat to the possible development of critical management studies.Practical implicationsBy focussing on implications of the Frankfurter School of social thought, critical management studies can establish itself as a more profound and fundamental form of research within social sciences.Originality/valueThe goal is to make the Frankfurter School a salonfähig discourse for managerial establishments.
Management concepts: their transfer and implementation
Authors: Karsten Luchien 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to claim that Habermas's pragmatic speech act theory helps us to extend our understanding of how management concepts are actually applied. First, the relevant features of management concepts are examined, to indicate how the diffusion of knowledge about management practices and organizational structuring takes place. Subsequently, the paper focuses on the adoption of management concepts in companies, looking at the different ways management concepts are implemented. Some implementation is based on strategic actions, others on communicative action. This issue is further explored in the final section.Design/methodology/approachCompares Lervik and Lunnar's categorization of management concept implementation to Habermas's epistemology.FindingsIdentifies aspects of language as conversation as determinant of new management concept implementation.Practical implicationsShows how role discourse analysis coupled with Habermas can give an understanding of implementation of new management concepts.Originality/valuePractical application of Habermasian analysis of communication.
Media(tion)
Authors: van Boeschoten Robert 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use media studies as a creative impulse for critical research into practices of organization.Design/methodology/approachThrough an aesthetic reflection on the use of media, an experience of organization is examined as a form of postponed judgement.FindingsAesthetic judgement can be helpful to establish new forms of relationships, but it is questionable if organizations are willing to stimulate this form of dis‐organizing.Practical implicationsMedia studies in organizations can lead to emphasis on communication as a form of control, or the opening up of the organization to more chatter and noise.Originality/valueUsing McLuhan and media studies in the context of organization studies can lead to new insights for both.
E‐learning as internationalization strategy in higher education
Authors: Mihhailova Gerda 
Published: September 2006

PurposeUse of e‐learning opens up a whole new range of business expansion and internationalization opportunities for many companies including higher education institutions. The paper seeks to explore the challenges a business college may encounter using e‐learning as internationalization strategy. E‐learning‐related problems are analyzed from two main internal interest groups' point of view – lecturers and students. The aim of the case study presented in the paper is to find out what are the major challenges from a student and academic personnel perspective using e‐learning. This kind of analyses should be the first step introducing e‐learning as a strategic tool for business expansion.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires, in‐depth interviewing and semi‐structured group interviews were used to find answers to the posed research questions. Research took place in two phases. In phase one, two types of questionnaires were distributed – Type A to lecturers (ten respondents) and Type B to students (115 respondents), Both types were constructed by the author. In phase two, two in‐depth interviews and two semi‐structured group interviews were conducted (ten students in one group of interview, eight lecturers in the second group of interview).FindingsThe main problem areas for lecturers related to e‐learning are: lack of time, lack of interest/motivation, lack of co‐operation, compensation system does not take into account the specifics of e‐learning and lecturers are concerned about the quality of teaching in a virtual environment. The most problematic of them appear to be lack of time and inappropriate compensation system. Students appear to have interest in e‐courses, but the level of knowledge regarding specifics of web‐based learning as well as about e‐courses offered was unexpectedly low. This is an especially problematic case as open university students were the main target group for whom the e‐courses were designed in the first place.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on one case study and thus the conclusions made may not exactly reflect the situation in all universities of Estonia. But due to the shared economic, cultural and historical background, at least to some extent the case study reflects the main problem areas of all Estonian universities using e‐learning.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper stems from an interdisciplinary approach to e‐learning – use of e‐learning as a tool for internationalization. The paper presents results of a case study research, conducted in an East‐European business college and the results of the study are discussed in respect of historical, social and economic specifics of Estonia.
Building employee commitment in the hospitality industry
Authors: Kazlauskaite Ruta , Buciuniene Ilona , Turauskas Linas 
Published: September 2006

PurposeEmployee turnover has lately considerably increased in the Lithuanian hospitality industry. Given the fact that organizational commitment is negatively related to employee turnover, the research aim is to determine the level of employee organizational commitment as well as their empowerment, which can be viewed as a possible means of stimulating employee commitment, as well as the interrelationship between employee commitment and empowerment.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was carried out among customer‐contact employees of Lithuanian upscale (four and five star) hotels.FindingsThe levels of both organizational commitment and organizational empowerment in Lithuanian upscale hotels are rather low, while the correlation between them is rather strong. This implies that improvement of conditions that foster empowerment would lead to a higher level of employee organizational commitment, especially the level of affective commitment that is of greater importance for the organization, as in this case commitment rests on common values and stimulates emotional attachment to the organization.Practical implicationsThis paper gives evidence that by developing certain organizational conditions Lithuanian hotel management may raise the level of employee empowerment and commitment, which in turn can lead to a decrease in employee turnover.Originality/valueThe paper presents the state of employee commitment and empowerment levels in Lithuanian upscale hotels, and demonstrates an interrelationship between organisational commitment and employee empowerment.
Re‐inventing or recycling?
Authors: Limerick Brigid , O'Leary Jane 
Published: September 2006

PurposeTo provide examples of qualitative research based on feminist epistemological assumptions. Such research re‐invents rather than recycles management theory, producing alternative understandings which speak to the demands of managing post‐corporate workplaces characterised by growing levels of diversity and rapid discontinuous change.Design/methodology/approachReports on three feminist qualitative research projects. Describes research processes and outcomes which aim to reflexively attend to diverse voices and researcher and research participant subjectivities.FindingsProvides tangible examples of empirical feminist qualitative research, including discussions of how the research was conducted, the nature of the findings and critical reflections on the extent to which the researchers' feminist epistemological assumptions were enacted.Research limitations/implicationsThe three research projects discussed have all been conducted within the Australian education sector. Accordingly, future research could focus on providing practical examples of feminist qualitative research approaches in the management field, in different international and industrial/sector contexts.Practical implicationsProvides management researchers with three examples of feminist qualitative research covering diverse topics including leadership, mentoring and ethics.Originality/valueWhile there is a plethora of writing concerned with feminist research generally, there is a dearth of feminist research in the management field specifically. This paper's contribution therefore lies in providing tangible examples of feminist qualitative research in the management field.
A system dynamic model of management of a television game show
Authors: Mukherjee Avinandan , Roy Rahul 
Published: September 2006

PurposeSuccess of a television game show requires brand‐building effort and brand value management like any other product. However, aspects of information, entertainment, novelty, instant gratification, and experience dimensions are more salient in game shows. This has been amply proven by the television game show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire. The purpose of this research is to explore why some entertainment products succeed, while others fail.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, we present the system dynamic model of brand management of the game show Kaun Banega Crorepati (KBC), the Indian version of Who Wants To Be A Millionaire. Initially, we present the reference mode behaviour, drawn from published data. In the dynamic model, we include factors such as channel popularity, host popularity, prize money, and competition that work towards building the viewership and influencing operational revenues. Computer‐based simulation and experimentalism are then applied as a research method to the model to explore its dynamic behaviour.FindingsOur analysis shows that the right mix of host popularity, channel popularity and prize money has enabled KBC to achieve unprecedented success.Research limitations/implicationsValidation of the model is based on the strength that the simulation results can replicate the reference mode behaviour and produce behaviour expected under extreme conditions. The validated model is used to draw what‐if scenarios, some of which resemble the experiences of competing game shows.Originality/valueUnderstanding the dynamics of brand management of this game show can serve as an important tool for brand management of entertainment products. Further, the use of system dynamics for dynamic modelling of brand value has application in broader areas of marketing, and would be of interest to a wide managerial audience.
Pedagogy in management history: the scholarship of representation
Authors: Lamond David 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to reflect on some aspects of pedagogy in management history, using Boyer's model of scholarship as a framework for consideration.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on Boyer's model of scholarship, this paper considers how one might apply the notion of the “scholarship of representation” to one's teaching efforts in management history.FindingsSatisfied that one's conceptions of the past are developed in ways that, as far as possible, make them useful in creating one's future, one then needs to represent those conceptions in a meaningful way. This paper considers some of the issues of which those seeking to represent those conceptions must be cognisant.Originality/valueLearning from the lessons of management history depends, at least in part, on the quality of the scholarship of representation, which should be a combination of transmission and transformation.
Principles of management and competitive strategies: using Fayol to implement Porter
Authors: Wook Yoo Jae , Lemak David J. , Choi Youngjun 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present how the past, Fayol's principles of management, is applied to the present, Porter's competitive strategies – cost leadership and differentiation – and in turn how the understanding of this connection between the past and present directs the future development of firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores which of Fayol's principles can be matched to Porter's cost‐leadership or differentiation strategy in terms of strategy implementation.FindingsThe paper finds that the principles of division of work, authority and responsibility, unity of command, unity of direction and scalar chain are useful in the implementation of a cost leadership strategy but other, more modern alternative principles apply for differentiation strategy. Likewise, the three principles of stability of tenure of personnel, initiative and esprit de corps apply to the implementation of differentiation strategy, but not to cost leadership, where, again, alternative principles apply. The remaining six principles of discipline, subordination of individual interests to the general interest, remuneration, centralization, order and equity are applicable to implementation of both.Practical implicationsBy melding the past with the future, it shows that the flexible use of Fayol's principles in an integrated manner lays the foundation for the successful implementation of competitive strategies and the future development of firms.Originality/valueThis study documents the flexible use of Fayol's principles, an issue that has received modest attention in the literature. It also adds to the literature on the potential implication of Fayol's work for successfully implementing competitive strategies.
A seminal framework of marketing schools: revisited and updated
Authors: Lagrosen Stefan , Svensson Göran 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe objective is to re‐visit and up‐date a seminal framework of marketing schools.Design/methodology/approachThe authors provide a conceptual description and positioning of old, modern and recent marketing schools.FindingsRecent developments in marketing – such as services marketing, industrial marketing and relationship marketing – do not fit into the seminal framework of marketing schools.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors have limited the discussion to the human practice of marketing and the academic discipline of marketing. In addition, the authors' focus is on marketing as part of business.Practical implicationsThe up‐dated framework of marketing schools may assist practitioners to understand the current status of marketing by connecting to the past, and the future by revealing unexplored areas of the marketing discipline.Originality/valueThe up‐dated framework of marketing schools builds on and extends the seminal framework in question to incorporate the recent developments in marketing. In extension, it reveals a white spot in the research of the marketing discipline – a field of further research that may focus on a combination of economic and relational dimensions of marketing.
Robert McNamara's “11 lessons” in the context of theories of strategic management
Authors: Grattan Robert 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the 11 lessons propounded by Robert McNamara in the film The Fog of War and to consider them in the context of theories of strategic management, particularly the formulation of strategy.Design/methodology/approachThe film is taken as a case study and the evidence is considered against the background of Mr McNamara's career and contemporary events, triangulated wherever possible by additional accounts so that bias is avoided as much as possible.FindingsThe paper finds that, despite a lifelong rational, empirical approach, Mr McNamara has discovered that there are limits to these methods. The importance of values, morals and ethics emerges. The importance of these messages is that the business strategist should acknowledge the limits of rationality and the importance of intangible factors, not least the vagaries of human nature.Originality/valueThe paper is a part of a continuing study by the author of the parallels between military/grand strategy formulation and the similar activity in business.
The internet and change in corporate stakeholder engagement and communication strategies on social and environmental performance
Authors: Adams Carol A. , Frost Geoffrey R. 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to examine the use of the web as a means of stakeholder engagement and as part of a strategy for communicating to stakeholders particularly on social and environmental performance.Design/methodology/approachA postal questionnaire was sent to over one hundred companies in Australia, Germany and in the UK and interviews were conducted with six companies (two British, one German and three Australian) identified as adopting best practice.FindingsA key finding was the limited understanding of the advantages of using the web as part of a communication strategy on all aspects of corporate performance. The study also found that the lack of resources made available for web‐based communication limited its potential.Research limitations/implicationsWeb technologies provide the possibility of communicating on performance with a broad group of stakeholders. This is particularly relevant to reporting on social and environmental performance which is of interest to a broader group of stakeholders than financial reporting. Stakeholder involvement is important in developing organisational change strategies aimed at improving social and environmental performance.Practical implicationsThe findings have implications for companies developing strategies to enhance their communication with key stakeholder groups.Originality/valueThe paper considers the use of the web as part of a communication strategy to a broad group of stakeholders. This is particularly relevant to reporting on social and environmental performance which is aimed at a broader group of stakeholders than traditional financial reporting.
Determination of the human type I interferon receptor binding site on human interferon‐α2 by cross saturation and an NMR‐based model of the complex
Authors: Quadt‐Akabayov Sabine R. , Chill Jordan H. , Levy Rina , Kessler Naama , Anglister Jacob 
Published: September 2006

AbstractType I interferons (IFNs) are a family of homologous helical cytokines that exhibit pleiotropic effects on a wide variety of cell types, including antiviral activity and antibacterial, antiprozoal, immunomodulatory, and cell growth regulatory functions. Consequently, IFNs are the human proteins most widely used in the treatment of several kinds of cancer, hepatitis C, and multiple sclerosis. All type I IFNs bind to a cell surface receptor consisting of two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, associating upon binding of interferon. The structure of the extracellular domain of IFNAR2 (R2‐EC) was solved recently. Here we study the complex and the binding interface of IFNα2 with R2‐EC using multidimensional NMR techniques. NMR shows that IFNα2 does not undergo significant structural changes upon binding to its receptor, suggesting a lock‐and‐key mechanism for binding. Cross saturation experiments were used to determine the receptor binding site upon IFNα2. The NMR data and previously published mutagenesis data were used to derive a docking model of the complex with an RMSD of 1 Å, and its well‐defined orientation between IFNα2 and R2‐EC and the structural quality greatly improve upon previously suggested models. The relative ligand–receptor orientation is believed to be important for interferon signaling and possibly one of the parameters that distinguish the different IFN I subtypes. This structural information provides important insight into interferon signaling processes and may allow improvement in the development of therapeutically used IFNs and IFN‐like molecules.
Essential crosstalk between myeloid and lymphoid cells for development of chronic colitis in myeloid‐specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3‐deficient mice
Authors: Reindl Wolfgang , Weiss Susanne , Lehr Hans‐Anton , Förster Irmgard 
Published: September 2006

SummaryDysregulated cytokine responsiveness by myeloid cells can be a trigger for the development of chronic inflammation as well as inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, mice with a myeloid‐specific defect in signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3 develop spontaneous colitis secondary to the inability of myeloid cells to respond to the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin‐10. We now examined whether the inflammation caused by Stat3‐deficient macrophages is cell autonomous or dependent on their interaction with lymphocytes. For this purpose, myeloid‐specific Stat3‐deficient mice (LysMcre/Stat3floxmice) were intercrossed with RAG‐1 knockout mice to generate LysMcre/Stat3flox RAG–/–mice. In these mutants and LysMcre/Stat3floxlittermate control mice we determined the onset and severity of spontaneous chronic enterocolitis, and the reaction to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced epithelial damage, as well as to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. In contrast to LysMcre/Stat3floxmice, LysMcre/Stat3flox RAG–/–animals are protected from chronic enterocolitis. Although they respond to oral dextran sulphate with acute colitis symptoms, the inflammation heals similarly to wild type mice whereas LysMcre/Stat3floxmice exhibit continued colitis pathology. In addition, the hyperreactivity of LysMcre/Stat3floxmice to LPS‐challengein vivowas less severe in the absence of lymphocytes. Despite clear differences in the strength of inflammatory responses, macrophages of both LysMcre/Stat3floxmice and LysMcre/Stat3flox RAG–/–animals exhibited increased costimulatory capacity. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Stat3‐deficient myeloid cells alone are not capable of inducing the severe pathology seen in LysMcre/Stat3floxmice. Yet when these cells can interact with lymphocytes their increased costimulatory potential will trigger an overshooting inflammatory response.
The evaluation of removal of calcium hydroxide paste from an artificial standardized groove in the apical root canal using different irrigation methodologies
Authors: Van Der Sluis L. W. M. , Wu M. K. , Wesselink P. R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAim  To evaluate the capacity to remove a calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) paste from the root canal and to evaluate the efficacy of Ca(OH)2 removal during passive ultrasonic irrigation using either sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or water as an irrigant.Methodology  Sixteen mandibular premolars were used. Each root was prepared to the apical foramen using GT instruments of size 30, 0.06 taper. Each root was split longitudinally. In one half of the root, a groove was cut in the canal wall 2–6 mm from the apex which was then filled with a Ca(OH)2 paste. Subsequently the roots were reassembled. In group 1 (n = 16), the teeth were ultrasonically irrigated using 50 mL 2.0% NaOCl as the irrigant. Group 2 (n = 16) was treated in the same manner as group 1, but using 50 mL water in place of the NaOCl. In group 3 (n = 16), the teeth were irrigated by syringe injection of 50 mL 2.0% NaOCl. The quantity of remaining Ca(OH)2 in the groove was scored and the data analysed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests.Results  The difference in remaining Ca(OH)2 between all groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Group 1 had significantly lower scores than group 2 (P < 0.001) and group 3 (P = 0.002), but there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.765).Conclusions  Passive ultrasonic irrigation with 2% NaOCl was more effective in removing Ca(OH)2 paste from artificial root canal grooves than syringe delivery of 2% NaOCl or water as irrigant.