bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoracolumbar Dorsolateral Laminectomy with Osteotomy of the Spinous Process in Fourteen Dogs
Authors: FORTERRE FRANCK , SPRENG DAVID , RYTZ ULRICH , JAGGY ANDRE , SCHAWALDER PETER 
Published: July 2007

Objective— To describe outcome after an alternative unilateral approach to the thoracolumbar spine for dorsal laminectomy.Study Design— Retrospective clinical study.Animals— Dogs (n=14) with thoracolumbar spinal cord compression.Methods— Thoracolumbar spinal cord compression was lateral (6 dogs), dorsal (4), and dorsolateral (4) caused by subarachnoid (7) and synovial cysts (2) and intradural‐extramedullary neoplasia (5). All dogs were treated by dorsal laminectomy with osteotomy of the spinous process using a unilateral paramedian approach. The contralateral paraspinal muscles were not stripped from the spinous process and the osteoligamentous complexes were preserved. Retraction of the spinous process and muscles to the contralateral side resulted in complete visualization of the dorsal vertebral arch thereby allowing dorsal laminectomy to be performed.Results— No technique complications occurred. Approximately 75% exposure of the spinal cord (dorsal and lateral compartments) was achieved providing adequate visualization and treatment of the lesions. Transient deterioration of neurologic state occurred in 5 dogs because of extensive spinal cord manipulation. At long‐term follow‐up, 6 dogs were normal, 6 had clinical improvement, and 2 were unchanged.Conclusion— Dorsal laminectomy after osteotomy and retraction of the spinous process may be considered in canine patients with dorsal, dorsolateral, or lateral compression to facilitate adequate decompression of the spinal cord.Clinical Significance— This surgical technique offers an alternative approach to the thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord by a modified dorsal laminectomy that preserves the paraspinal muscle integrity on the contralateral side.
Iatrogenic Sciatic Nerve Injury in Eighteen Dogs and Nine Cats (1997–2006)
Authors: FORTERRE FRANCK , TOMEK ALES , RYTZ ULRICH , BRUNNBERG LEO , JAGGY ANDRE , SPRENG DAVID 
Published: July 2007

Objective— To report clinical features associated with iatrogenic peripheral nerve injury in dogs and cats admitted (1997–2006) to a referral teaching hospital.Study Design— Retrospective study.Animals— Dogs (n=18), 9 cats.Methods— Patients had acute signs of monoparesis attributable to sciatic nerve dysfunction that developed after treatment. Neurologic examination and electrodiagnostic testing were performed. Surgical therapy was used for nerve entrapment and delayed reconstructive surgery used in other cases.Results— Of 27 nerve injuries, 25 resulted from surgery (18 with treatment of pelvic injuries). Iliosacral luxation repair resulted in tibial (4 cats) and peroneal (3 dogs) nerve dysfunction. Other causes were intramedullary pinning of femoral fractures (3), other orthopedic surgery (cemented hip prosthesis [2] and tibial plateau‐leveling osteotomy [1]), and perineal herniorrhaphy [1]. Nerve injury occurred after intramuscular injection (1 cat, 1 dog). Immediate surgical treatment was removal of intramedullary nails, extruded cement, or entrapping suture. Delayed nerve transplantation was performed in 2 dogs. Within 1 year, 13 patients recovered completely, clinical improvement occurred in 7, and there was no improvement in 7. Five of the 7 dogs that did not recover had acetabular or ilium fracture.Conclusion— Iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury occurred most commonly during treatment of pelvic orthopedic diseases and had a poor prognosis. Clinical variation in sciatic nerve dysfunction in dogs and cats can be explained by species anatomic differences.Clinical Relevance— Iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury leads to severely debilitating locomotor dysfunction with an uncertain prognosis for full‐functional recovery.
Intravitreal triamcinolone as adjunctive treatment to laser panretinal photocoagulation for concomitant proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular oedema
Authors: Margolis Ron , Singh Rishi P. , Bhatnagar Pawan , Kaiser Peter K. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the effect of intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) combined with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on visual acuity (VA) and foveal thickness in patients with concomitant high‐risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and clinically significant macular oedema (CSMO).Methods:  This retrospective interventional case series included seven eyes diagnosed with both high‐risk PDR and CSMO that underwent PRP and a single injection of 4 mg of IVTA. The main outcome measures were VA and foveal thickness, measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before treatment and throughout the follow‐up period.Results:  Median follow‐up was 301 days (range 180–715 days). Foveal thickness data were available for four of seven eyes. Before the combined treatment, median LogMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) VA and median foveal thickness were 1 (Snellen 20/200, range 20/40–20/800) and 559 µm (range 333–689 µm), respectively. After treatment, median vision improved to LogMAR 0.544 (Snellen 20/70, range 20/40–20/1000) (P = 0.13). Vision improved or remained stable in six of seven eyes. Median foveal thickness at final follow‐up was 436 µm (range 259–623 µm) (P = 0.15). Foveal thickness decreased or remained stable in all eyes.Conclusion:  The addition of IVTA to PRP in the treatment of eyes with high‐risk PDR and CSMO may prevent PRP‐induced foveal thickening and loss of vision.
Manuscript in Print: The Materiality of Alternative Comics
Authors: Tinker Emma 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper forms part of a Literature Compass cluster on Modern Book History. The full cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Between Then and Now: Modern Book History’, Kate Longworth, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00474.x.‘Ezra Pound's Cantos: A Compact History of Twentieth‐Century Authorship, Publishing and Editing’, Mark Byron, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00475.x.‘ “The Making of the Book”: Roy Fisher, the Circle Press and the Poetics of Book Art’, Matthew Sperling, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00476.x.‘Bakhtinian “Journalization” and the Mid‐Victorian Literary Marketplace’, Dallas Liddle, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00477.x.‘Manuscript in Print: The Materiality of Alternative Comics’, Emma Tinker, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00478.x.‘Lost in a World of Books: Reading and Identity in Pre‐War Japan’, Susan C. Townsend, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00479.x.***This article argues that the writers and illustrators of alternative comics show a particular interest in the material form of their work, and that this preoccupation is linked to the publication history of these texts. It begins by discussing the changes in publication of alternative comics over the past thirty years, including the shift from single issue to trade paperback or ‘graphic novel’ format, the decline of specialist retailers, and the growth in production of small press comics and fanzines. It then considers some implications of this shift, and examines two texts in which authors have directly addressed the materiality of their comics in the books themselves: Craig Thompson's Blankets and Chris Ware's Jimmy Corrigan. It argues that comic book authors, who are also readers and collectors, have a strong personal investment in the physical form of comics, and that this interest is also manifest in the content of these texts.
An audit of all prostate‐specific antigen tests requested by non‐urologists in a 1‐year period in a district general hospital
Authors: James Nicola , James Michael Jonathan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere has been much debate and controversy about prostate cancer screening and the use and abuse of the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test. Much of this debate is centred around primary care. It was noticed that increasing numbers of men admitted to secondary care, as patients of non‐urologists in a district general hospital, were having their PSA tested. A retrospective audit of all PSA tests requested during a 1‐year period was undertaken by a practicing clinical nurse specialist and consultant urologist. The reasons for the requests for the test were examined along with the implications of the results. The results showed that many PSA tests were requested without clinical indication or understanding of prostate cancer, without the patient’s knowledge or consent and without a clear interpretation of the results. Moreover, some patients who tested positive did not receive the appropriate investigations or treatment, thereby putting them at risk. This audit has shown a need for guidelines to be developed for PSA testing in the secondary care setting to complement those already in use in primary care.
Urology ward attenders: auditing a nurse‐led service
Authors: Nariculam Joseph , Murphy Declan G , Jenner Cathy 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis audit describes a urology walk‐in service where patients are treated on the acute urology ward. Any patient previously known to the urology department or undergoing urology treatment can contact the ward 24 h a day for management of urology‐related issues. The service is nurse led and has evolved to become known as a ‘ward attender’ service. The audit is designed to observe how many patients present over a 12‐month period and the type of conditions seen. The aim is to see what effect this service has on the ward, its resources and primary care. The notes of ward attenders presenting to the urology ward over a 12‐month period were retrospectively analysed. Data collected included source of referral, types of urology conditions seen and treatment provided. Patients were divided in to two groups based on either planned (elective) or unplanned (emergency) attendance. Attenders were given questionnaires to obtain patient opinion on various aspects of service provision. Four hundred and four patients presented to the urology ward for review and treatment in one calendar year. These patients were seen by nursing staff and 21 other patients were reviewed by doctors. Ten patients required admission following review. Emergency attendances included patients with blocked nephrostomy tubes; haematuria, urinary retention or sepsis following endoscopy and catheter‐related issues. Elective attendances included patients requiring bladder washouts, change of catheter and instructions for intermittent self‐catheterization. This service helps forge a close working relationship with general practitioners, community nurses and nursing homes, by accepting direct referrals from them. Patients presenting as ward attenders comment that the service is rapid and that by being seen by more familiar staff, trust and confidence is built. By introducing this service, we feel we are contributing to the changes in the way urology patients are managed in the National Health Service.
Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, and Metabolism of Tetrahydroquinoline Inhibitors of
Plasmodium falciparum
Protein Farnesyltransferase
Authors: Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Rivas Kasey L. , Bendale Pravin , Nallan Laxman , Hornéy Carolyn , Barrett Lynn K. , Bauer Kevin D. , Smart Brian P. , Ankala Sudha , Hucke Oliver , Verlinde Christophe L. M. J. , Chakrabarti Debopam , Strickland Corey , Yokoyama Kohei , Buckner Frederick S. , Hamilton Andrew D. , Williams David K. , Lombardo Louis J. , Floyd David , Gelb Michael H. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

New antimalarials are urgently needed. We have shown that tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) protein farnesyltransferase (PFT) inhibitors (PFTIs) are effective against the
Plasmodium falciparum
PFT and are effective at killing
P. falciparum
in vitro. Previously described THQ PFTIs had limitations of poor oral bioavailability and rapid clearance from the circulation of rodents. In this paper, we validate both the Caco-2 cell permeability model for predicting THQ intestinal absorption and the in vitro liver microsome model for predicting THQ clearance in vivo. Incremental improvements in efficacy, oral absorption, and clearance rate were monitored by in vitro tests; and these tests were followed up with in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies. One compound, PB-93, achieved cure when it was given orally to
P. berghei-
infected rats every 8 h for a total of 72 h. However, PB-93 was rapidly cleared, and dosing every 12 h failed to cure the rats. Thus, the in vivo results corroborate the in vitro pharmacodynamics and demonstrate that 72 h of continuous high-level exposure to PFTIs is necessary to kill plasmodia. The metabolism of PB-93 was demonstrated by a novel technique that relied on double labeling with a radiolabel and heavy isotopes combined with radiometric liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major liver microsome metabolite of PB-93 has the PFT Zn-binding
N
-methyl-imidazole removed; this metabolite is inactive in blocking PFT function. By solving the X-ray crystal structure of PB-93 bound to rat PFT, a model of PB-93 bound to malarial PFT was constructed. This model suggests areas of the THQ PFTIs that can be modified to retain efficacy and protect the Zn-binding
N
-methyl-imidazole from dealkylation.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of T-705 against Arenavirus and Bunyavirus Infections
Authors: Gowen Brian B. , Wong Min-Hui , Jung Kie-Hoon , Sanders Andrew B. , Mendenhall Michelle , Bailey Kevin W. , Furuta Yousuke , Sidwell Robert W. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

There is a need for the development of effective antivirals for the treatment of severe viral diseases caused by members of the virus families
Bunyaviridae
and
Arenaviridae
. The pyrazine derivative T-705 (6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) has demonstrated remarkable antiviral activity against influenza virus and, to a lesser degree, against some other RNA viruses (Y. Furuta, K. Takahashi, Y. Fukuda, M. Kuno, T. Kamiyama, K. Kozaki, N. Nomura, H. Egawa, S. Minami, Y. Watanabe, H. Narita, and K. Shiraki, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.,
46:
977-981, 2002). Here, we report that T-705 is highly active against a panel of bunyaviruses (La Crosse, Punta Toro, Rift Valley fever, and sandfly fever viruses) and arenaviruses (Junin, Pichinde, and Tacaribe viruses) by cytopathic effect and virus yield reduction cell-based assays. The 50% effective concentrations for T-705 ranged from 5 to 30 μg/ml and 0.7 to 1.2 μg/ml against the bunyaviruses and arenaviruses examined, respectively. We also demonstrate that orally administered T-705 is efficacious in treating Punta Toro virus in the mouse and hamster infection models, as well as Pichinde virus infection in hamsters. When administered twice daily for 5 to 6 days, beginning 4 h pre- or 24 h post-Punta Toro virus challenge, a 30-mg/kg of body weight/day dose provided complete protection from death and limited viral burden and liver disease. A dose of 50 mg/kg/day was found to be optimal for treating Pichinde infection and limiting viral replication and disease severity. In general, T-705 was found to be more active than ribavirin in cell-based assays and in vivo, as reflected by substantially greater therapeutic indexes. Our results suggest that T-705 may be a viable alternative for the treatment of life-threatening bunyaviral and arenaviral infections.
Determination of the Primary Target of a Quinolone Drug and the Effect of Quinolone Resistance-Conferring Mutations by Measuring Quinolone Sensitivity Based on Its Mode of Action
Authors: Pfeiffer Emily S. , Hiasa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT
We used an assay to measure quinolone sensitivity as a shift in the position of the cleavage-religation equilibrium. This assay was found to be useful in identifying the primary target of a quinolone drug and assessing the effect of quinolone resistance-conferring mutations.
In Vivo Efficacy of a Novel Oxazolidinone Compound in Two Mouse Models of Infection
Authors: Gill Charles J. , Abruzzo George K. , Flattery Amy M. , Misura Andrew S. , Bartizal Ken , Hickey Emily J. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

A novel oxazolidinone, AM 7359, was evaluated in two mouse models of
Staphylococcus aureus
infection. AM 7359 and linezolid were equally efficacious in a methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
organ burden model and a methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
localized infection model. However, AM 7359 was eightfold more efficacious than linezolid against a linezolid- and methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
strain in this localized (thigh) infection model.
Contribution of the CmeABC Efflux Pump to Macrolide and Tetracycline Resistance in
Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Gibreel Amera , Wetsch Nicole M. , Taylor Diane E. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

We investigated the involvement of the CmeABC efflux pump in acquired resistance of
Campylobacter jejuni
to macrolides and tetracycline. Inactivation of the
cmeB
gene had no effect on macrolide resistance when all copies of the target gene carried an A2074C mutation. In contrast, the CmeABC pump significantly contributed to macrolide resistance when two or three copies of the 23S rRNA had an A2075G transition. Inactivation of the
cmeB
gene led to restoration of tetracycline susceptibility in the isolates examined. Complete susceptibility to tetracycline or macrolides, however, was not restored when phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide was used. These data confirm contribution of the CmeABC efflux pump to acquired resistance of
Campylobacter jejuni
to tetracycline and macrolides.
Serogroup-Related Escape of
Yersinia enterocolitica
YopE from Degradation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway
Authors: Hentschke Moritz , Trülzsch Konrad , Heesemann Jürgen , Aepfelbacher Martin , Ruckdeschel Klaus 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Pathogenic
Yersinia
spp. employ a type III protein secretion system that translocates several
Yersinia
outer proteins (Yops) into the host cell to modify the host immune response. One strategy of the infected host cell to resist the bacterial attack is degradation and inactivation of injected bacterial virulence proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The cytotoxin YopE is a known target protein of this major proteolytic system in eukaryotic cells. Here, we investigated the sensitivity of YopE belonging to different enteropathogenic
Yersinia enterocolitica
serogroups to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Analysis of the YopE protein levels in proteasome inhibitor-treated versus untreated cells revealed that YopE from the highly pathogenic
Y. enterocolitica
serotype O8 was subjected to proteasomal destabilization, whereas the YopE isotypes from serogroups O3 and O9 evaded degradation. Accumulation of YopE from serotypes O3 and O9 was accompanied by an enhanced cytotoxic effect. Using
Yersinia
strains that specifically produced YopE from either
Y. enterocolitica
O8 or O9, we found that only the YopE protein from serogroup O8 was modified by polyubiquitination, although both YopE isotypes were highly homologous. We determined two unique N-terminal lysines (K62 and K75) in serogroup O8 YopE, not present in serogroup O9 YopE, that served as polyubiquitin acceptor sites. Insertion of either lysine in serotype O9 YopE enabled its ubiquitination and destabilization. These results define a serotype-dependent difference in the stability and activity of the
Yersinia
effector protein YopE that could influence
Y. enterocolitica
pathogenesis.
Coxiella burnetiiInhibits Apoptosis in Human THP-1 Cells and Monkey Primary Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Voth Daniel E. , Howe Dale , Heinzen Robert A. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTCoxiella burnetii, the cause of human Q fever, is an aerosol-borne, obligate intracellular bacterium that targets host alveolar mononuclear phagocytic cells during infection. In all cell types examined,C. burnetiiestablishes a replicative niche in a lysosome-like parasitophorous vacuole where it carries out a lengthy infectious cycle with minimal cytopathic effects. The persistent and mild nature ofC. burnetiiinfection in vitro suggests that the pathogen modulates apoptosis to sustain the host cell. In the current study, we examined the ability ofC. burnetiito inhibit apoptotic cell death during infection of human THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages and primary monkey alveolar macrophages.C. burnetii-infected cells demonstrated significant protection from death relative to uninfected cells following treatment with staurosporine, a potent inducer of intrinsic apoptosis. This protection correlated with reduced cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), all proteolytic events that occur during apoptosis. Reduced PARP cleavage was also observed in cells treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha to induce extrinsic apoptosis. Apoptosis inhibition was aC. burnetii-driven process as infected cells treated with rifampin or chloramphenicol, inhibitors of bacterial RNA and protein synthesis, respectively, showed significantly reduced protection against staurosporine-induced apoptosis.C. burnetiiinfection affected the expression of multiple apoptosis-related genes and resulted in increased synthesis of the antiapoptotic proteins A1/Bfl-1 and c-IAP2. Collectively, these data suggest thatC. burnetiimodulates apoptotic pathways to inhibit host cell death, thus providing a stable, intracellular niche for the course of the pathogen's infectious cycle.
Comparisons of Mutants Lacking the Golgi UDP-Galactose or GDP-Mannose Transporters Establish that Phosphoglycans Are Important for Promastigote but Not Amastigote Virulence in
Leishmania major
Authors: Capul Althea A. , Hickerson Suzanne , Barron Tamara , Turco Salvatore J. , Beverley Stephen M. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Abundant surface
Leishmania
phosphoglycans (PGs) containing [Gal(β1,4)Man(α1-PO
4
)]-derived repeating units are important at several points in the infectious cycle of this protozoan parasite. PG synthesis requires transport of activated nucleotide-sugar precursors from the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus. Correspondingly, null mutants of the
L. major
GDP-mannose transporter
LPG2
lack PGs and are severely compromised in macrophage survival and induction of acute pathology in susceptible mice, yet they are able to persist indefinitely and induce protective immunity. However,
lpg2
−
L. mexicana
amastigotes similarly lacking PGs but otherwise normal in known glycoconjugates remain able to induce acute pathology. To explore this further, we tested the infectivity of a new PG-null
L. major
mutant, which is inactivated in the two UDP-galactose transporter genes
LPG5A
and
LPG5B.
Surprisingly this mutant did not recapitulate the phenotype of
L. major lpg2
−
, instead resembling the
L. major
lipophosphoglycan-deficient
lpg1
−
mutant. Metacyclic
lpg5A
−
/
lpg5B
−
promastigotes showed strong defects in the initial steps of macrophage infection and survival. However, after a modest delay, the
lpg5A
−
/lpg5B
−
mutant induced lesion pathology in infected mice, which thereafter progressed normally. Amastigotes recovered from these lesions were fully infective in mice and in macrophages despite the continued absence of PGs. This suggests that another
LPG2
-dependent metabolite is responsible for the
L. major
amastigote virulence defect, although further studies ruled out cytoplasmic mannans. These data thus resolve the distinct phenotypes seen among
lpg2
−
Leishmania
species by emphasizing the role of glycoconjugates other than PGs in amastigote virulence, while providing further support for the role of PGs in metacyclic promastigote virulence.