bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen species mediate androgen receptor‐ and serum starvation‐elicited downstream signaling of ADAM9 expression in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Shigemura Katsumi , Sung Shian‐Ying , Kubo Hiroyuki , Arnold Rebecca S. , Fujisawa Masato , Gotoh Akinobu , Zhau Haiyen E. , Chung Leland W.K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) family is a group of transmembrane proteins containing cell adhesive and proteolytic functional domains. ADAM9 expression was shown to be mediated by androgen receptor (AR) and stress conditions. This study determined a common mediator responsible for ADAM9 protein regulation which supports human prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth and survival.METHODSADAM9 protein expression was measured under androgen, anti‐androgen, hydrogen peroxide, and/or serum starvation conditions in PCa cells. The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed in the presence or absence of recombinant catalase, or in cells stably transfected with either catalase‐ or a control neo‐cDNA expression vector. ROS was assayed by dihydroethidium (DHE) followed by FACS analysis.RESULTSADAM9 protein expression was upregulated by androgen in AR‐positive but not in AR‐negative PCa cells. The anti‐androgen bicalutamide effectively blocked this induction. While serum starvation enhanced ADAM9 expression in AR‐positive PCa cells, this stress condition did not alter ADAM9 expression in AR‐negative PCa cells. Parallel results also showed that androgen treatment or serum starvation enhanced ROS only in AR‐positive but not in AR‐negative PCa cells. ROS appears to be a common downstream mediator of androgen‐ or serum starvation‐induced ADAM9 expression since addition of hydrogen peroxide or introduction of catalase, either enhanced or abolished respectively ADAM9 protein expression by both AR‐positive and ‐negative PCa cells.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that ROS is: a common mediator responsible for ADAM9 protein induction in human PCa cells, downstream from AR, and stress response signaling. Prostate 67: 722–731, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the mechanism of action and selectivity of the corn herbicide topramezone: a new inhibitor of 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
Authors: Grossmann Klaus , Ehrhardt Thomas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTopramezone is a new, highly selective herbicide of pyrazole structure for the post‐emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn. The biokinetic properties and mode of action of topramezone were investigated in plants of Setaria faberi Herrm, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Solanum nigrum L. and the crop species corn (Zea mays L.). Within 2–5 days after treatment, topramezone caused strong photobleaching effects on the shoot, followed by plant death of sensitive weeds. The selectivity of topramezone between corn and the weed species has been quantified as above 1000‐fold. By virtue of the plant symptoms and the reversal of the effects in Lemna paucicostata L. by adding homogentisate, it was hypothesized that topramezone blocks the formation of homogentisate, possibly through inhibition of 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4‐HPPD). Indeed, topramezone strongly inhibited 4‐HPPD activity in vitro, with I50 values of 15 and 23 nM for the enzyme isolated from S. faberi and recombinant enzyme of Arabidopsis thaliana L. respectively. The enzyme activity from corn was approximately 10 times less sensitive. After root and foliar application of [14C]topramezone, equivalent to field rates of 75 g ha−1, the herbicide was rapidly absorbed and systemically translocated in the plant. Only marginal differences between leaf uptake and translocation of topramezone by the weeds and corn were found. Metabolism of foliar‐applied [14C]topramezone was far more rapid in corn than in the weeds. A more rapid metabolism combined with a lower sensitivity of the 4‐HPPD target enzyme contributes to the tolerance of corn to topramezone. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Pyramiding of insecticidal compounds for control of the cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.)
Authors: Tarver Matthew R , Shade Richard E , Shukle Richard H , Moar William J , Muir William M , Murdock Larry M , Pittendrigh Barry R 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) (Chrysomelidae: Bruchini) is a major pest of stored cowpea grain. With limited available technologies for controlling the bruchid, transgenic cowpeas with bruchid resistance genes engineered into them could become the next management tools. An investigation was made of two different sets of potential transgenic insecticidal compounds using an artificial seed system: (i) CIP‐PH‐BT‐J and recombinant egg white avidin, and (ii) avidin and wheat α‐amylase inhibitor. CIP‐PH‐BT‐J (0.1%; 1000 mg kg−1) and recombinant egg white avidin (0.006%; 60 mg kg−1) incorporated separately into artificial seeds caused 98.2 and 99% larval mortality rates respectively. Combining CIP‐PH‐BT‐J and avidin in the same artificial seed provided additional mortality compared with each factor incorporated singly; no insects survived in seeds with the combined toxins. Similarly, when avidin and wheat α‐amylase inhibitor (αAI) (1%; 10 g kg−1) were incorporated separately into artificial seeds, this caused 99.8 and 98% mortality respectively. However, in combination, avidin and αAI did not increase mortality, but they did cause a significant increase in developmental time of the cowpea bruchids. These results emphasize that the joint action of potential insecticidal compounds cannot be predicted from results obtained separately for each compound, and they suggest potential transgenes for further consideration. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of enzyme inhibitors on enhanced carbofuran metabolism in treated soil
Authors: Talebi Khalil , Walker Colin H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rate of loss of [14C]carbofuran, and the rate of formation of metabolites from it, were studied in a ‘treated’ soil, in which the insecticide was rapidly degraded. Metabolic inhibitors were added to the soil to study their effects upon these processes. The organophosphorus compounds paraoxon, chlorfenvinphos, and disulfoton, which, in their active forms, are inhibitors of ‘B’ esterases, all caused a temporary reduction of the rate of loss of carbofuran from the soil. However, within a period of 3–21 days, depending on the compound, the soil recovered its ability to break down carbofuran rapidly. The incorporation of both piperonyl butoxide (an inhibitor of oxidations catalysed by monooxygenases which contain cytochrome P450) and paraoxon into soil reduced the rate of loss to a greater extent and over a longer period than was found with paraoxon alone. Where soils were treated with paraoxon alone, or with paraoxon plus piperonyl butoxide, larger quantities of the primary oxidative metabolites 3‐keto‐carbofuran (< 4.1% of applied carbofuran) and 3‐hydroxy‐carbofuran (< 1.2% of applied carbofuran) were found than in control soils in which the corresponding values were < 0.54% and < 0.43% respectively.The results were consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of microbial enzymes was the main reason for the stabilization of carbofuran in this soil following treatment with these compounds. The evidence suggested that esterase hydrolysis provided a major rate of breakdown, whilst oxidative metabolism provided a minor one. The higher levels of oxidative metabolites in soils treated with paraoxon and paraoxon plus piperonyl butoxide were thought to be due to the inhibition of their further metabolism. The possible use of certain of these compounds as ‘extenders’ for carbofuran in problem soils is discussed.
Absorption, translocation and metabolism of the herbicide naproanilide in tobacco
Authors: Wang Yei‐Shung , Hwang Kuan‐Liang , Chen Yuh‐Lin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNaproanilide [2‐(2‐naphthyloxy)propionanilide] has a high activity against dicotyledonous weeds in rice fields, but is very safe to rice. This study was designed to clarify the absorption and translocation of radiolabelled naproanilide in tobacco plants and the metabolism in tobacco callus. The results indicated that naproanilide is translocated easily to the upper part of tobacco plants. Distribution of radioactivity in tobacco plants at the 7th day was shown to be 0.88, 0.24 and 0.03%, and at the 14th day 1.71, 1.86 and 2.32% of the total activities of [14C]naproanilide in root, stem and leaf, respectively. When compared to earlier results obtained with rice, the translocation rate in tobacco is much higher and might therefore contribute a possible mechanism of herbicidal selectivity. Metabolites including NOP [2‐(2‐naphthyloxy)propionic acid], NOPM [methyl 2‐(2‐naphthyloxy)propionate], 2‐naphthol, 2,3‐naphthalenediol, 2,6‐naphthalenediol, 2,7‐naphthalenediol and 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone were identified in tobacco callus by co‐chromatography.
House fly head GABA‐gated chloride channel: [3 H] α‐Endosulfan binding in relation to polychlorocycloalkane insecticide action
Authors: Cole Loretta M. , Saleh Mahmoud A. , Casida John E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study attempts to use [3H] α‐endosulfan to examine directly the binding site(s) for cyclodienes, lindane and toxaphene (collectively referred to as the polychlorocycloalkane or PCCA insecticides) in the 4‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐gated chloride channel. [3H] α‐Endosulfan was prepared by reduction of hexachloronorbornenedicarboxylic anhydride with sodium borotritide, then coupling the labelled alcohol with thionyl chloride followed by HPLC purification (35 Ci mmol−1, > 99% radiochemical purity). This new candidate radioligand readily partitions into lipid membranes and undergoes indiscriminate adsorption to surfaces resulting in high levels of non‐specific binding. This makes it very difficult to differentiate the small portion of specific binding at the site relevant to toxic action. This problem was partially circumvented by incubating [3H] α‐endosulfan (0.1 nM) with house‐fly head membranes (0.2 mg protein) for 70 min at 22°C giving 23 (±4)% specific binding (40 fmol mg−1 protein) determined as the difference between the radioligand alone and on preincubation for 15 min with unlabelled α‐endosulfan (final concentration 100 nM). This procedure is not appropriate for determination of saturation isotherms and standard binding kinetics. However, the effectiveness of 16 PCCAs (also at 100 nM final concentration) in blocking the specific binding of [3H] α‐endosulfan is generally consistent with their relative potencies as inhibitors of 4‐[3H] propyl‐1‐(4‐ethynylphenyl)‐2,6,7‐trioxabicyclo[2.2.2] octane ([3H]EBOB) binding suggesting that the binding site for both [3H]α‐endosulfan and the PCCAs is part of the GABA‐gated chloride channel. Insecticidal channel blockers of other types (e.g. picrotoxinin, trioxabicyclooctanes, a dithiane, and phenylpyrazoles) and GABA are poor inhibitors of [3H] α‐endosulfan binding relative to their potencies as inhibitors of [3H] EBOB binding. It therefore appears that the PCCAs compete directly for the [3H] α‐endosulfan site, whereas the other channel blockers bind with different inhibition kinetics or at a site more closely coupled to the EBOB than the α‐endosulfan binding domain.
Human–robot interaction via voice-controllable intelligent user interface
Authors: Medicherla Harsha , Sekmen Ali 
Published: March 2007

SUMMARYAn understanding of how humans and robots can successfully interact to accomplish specific tasks is crucial in creating more sophisticated robots that may eventually become an integral part of human societies. A social robot needs to be able to learn the preferences and capabilities of the people with whom it interacts so that it can adapt its behaviors for more efficient and friendly interaction. Advances in human– computer interaction technologies have been widely used in improving human–robot interaction (HRI). It is now possible to interact with robots via natural communication means such as speech. In this paper, an innovative approach for HRI via voice-controllable intelligent user interfaces is described. The design and implementation of such interfaces are described. The traditional approaches for human–robot user interface design are explained and the advantages of the proposed approach are presented. The designed intelligent user interface, which learns user preferences and capabilities in time, can be controlled with voice. The system was successfully implemented and tested on a Pioneer 3-AT mobile robot. 20 participants, who were assessed on spatial reasoning ability, directed the robot in spatial navigation tasks to evaluate the effectiveness of the voice control in HRI. Time to complete the task, number of steps, and errors were collected. Results indicated that spatial reasoning ability and voice-control were reliable predictors of efficiency of robot teleoperation. 75% of the subjects with high spatial reasoning ability preferred using voice-control over manual control. The effect of spatial reasoning ability in teleoperation with voice-control was lower compared to that of manual control.
An exploratory study of Chinese older people's perceptions of privacy in residential care homes
Authors: Low Lisa Pau Le , Lee Diana Tze Fan , Chan Anna Wing Yin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim.  This paper reports a study to examine Chinese older people's perceptions of privacy in residential care homes.Background.  With increasing numbers of older people moving into residential care homes in Hong Kong, the emphasis on providing high quality of care is paramount. Yet, studies have identified the poor quality of psychosocial care provided in these homes, particularly the lack of attention given to promoting a sense of privacy. While privacy is a fundamental principle of gerontological care, little is known older people's perceptions of privacy in residential care practices. This lack of understanding makes it difficult to know how to provide appropriate care to this population.Method.  A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2005 with a purposive sample of 20 informants from four residential care homes in Hong Kong. In‐depth interviews were used to collect the data, which were analysed using content analysis.Results.  Most informants perceived that privacy was unnecessary and not a pre‐requisite in residential living. They had seemingly accepted the expectations of home life, with its emphasis on unity, harmony and meeting the collective needs of the majority rather than focusing on their individual needs. Informants also described the enjoyment of communal living and ‘living together’. While at first privacy was perceived as not necessary, further prompting identified that informants used own efforts to support their privacy. There were also day‐to‐day circumstances/activities in homes where privacy was violated.Conclusion.  The emphasis in Chinese culture on the importance of maintaining balance and harmony inevitably shaped participants’ perceptions of what privacy meant to them. The findings will inform the development of culturally‐sensitive care practices to support Chinese older people's privacy in residential care settings.
Postoperative education and pain in patients with inguinal hernia
Authors: Glindvad Jens , Jorgensen Merete 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim. This paper reports a study to investigate whether education can reduce postoperative pain in patients operated on for inguinal hernia.Background. Operation for inguinal hernia is a frequent, elective procedure. Studies indicate that 20% of patients operated on for this condition still have moderate to severe pain on the sixth postoperative day. They also show a connection between postoperative pain and time to return to work, inconvenience relating to recreation and work and development of chronic pain.Method. The design was a randomized, clinically controlled, single‐blinded study, carried out in 2002–2003. The intervention group received education on discharge from hospital, followed by a telephone interview on the second postoperative day. The control group was given the usual routine information. In a questionnaire, patients ranked their pain on a 100‐mm Visual Analogue Scale on the first, third and seventh postoperative days.Results. The study included 234 consecutive patients. The baseline characteristics for the intervention and the control group were identical. Pain was analysed as the difference in Visual Analogue Scale scores immediately preoperatively and on the chosen days postoperatively. No difference was found for pain while resting, pain when moving on the first and third postoperative day and time to return to work. Statistically, there was a significant difference (P = 0·028) between the groups for pain when moving on the seventh postoperative day. The estimated mean difference was 7 mm (95% confidence interval 0·7–13·1 mm).Conclusions. In patients operated on for inguinal hernia, postoperative education and a telephone interview have no effect on postoperative pain while resting and time to return to work. The effect on pain while moving was slight. There is no reason to change standard practice.
RT‐PCR amplification and sequence analysis of extra small virus associated with white tail disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) cultured in Taiwan
Authors: Wang C S , Chang J S , Shih H H , Chen S N 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPost‐larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with white tail disease (WTD) have been reported in Taiwan. The causative agents have been identified as M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) associated with extra small virus (XSV). The present study is the first report confirming the presence of XSV virus in M. rosenbergii displaying WTD symptoms in Taiwan by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). A 772 bp amplified product was obtained by RT‐PCR, cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the 772 bp DNA fragment revealed 98% and 97% identity with XSV isolated from China and India, respectively. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the XSV partial genome showed strong homology (99% and 97%) with isolates from China and India. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the XSV‐Taiwan isolate was more closely related to the Chinese rather than the Indian isolates. The results demonstrated the presence of XSV virus co‐infection in M. rosenbergii cultured in Taiwan suffering from WTD.
Photometric follow-up of the transiting planet WASP-1b
Authors: Shporer A. , Tamuz O. , Zucker S. , Mazeh T. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We report on photometric follow-up of the recently discovered transiting planet WASP-1b. We observed two transits with the Wise Observatory 1-m telescope, and used a variant of the Eclipsing Binary Orbit Program (ebop) code together with the Sys-Rem detrending approach to fit the light curve. Assuming a stellar mass of 1.15 M⊙, we derived a planetary radius of Rp= 1.40 ± 0.06RJ and mass of Mp= 0.87 ± 0.07MJ. An uncertainty of 15 per cent in the stellar mass results in an additional systematic uncertainty of 5 per cent in the planetary radius and of 10 per cent in planetary mass. Our observations yielded a slightly better ephemeris for the centre of the transit: Tc [HJD]= (245 4013.3127 ± 0.0004) +Ntr(2.51996 ± 0.00002). The new planet is an inflated, low-density planet, similar to HAT-P-1b and HD 209458b.
Erlotinib (OSI‐774)‐induced inhibition of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder cell line growth is enhanced by interferon‐α
Authors: Yang Jia‐Lin , Qu Xian‐Jun , Hayes Vanessa M. , Brenner Phillip C. , Russell Pamela J. , Goldstein David 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVETo examine whether erlotinib gives similar results to gefitinib, a small molecule epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor that inhibits the growth of human bladder cancer cell lines in vitro, and given that interferon‐α (IFNα) promotes an antiproliferative effect of HER1/EGFR inhibitors on colon cancer cell lines, to also determine the effects of erlotinib alone or together with INFα on bladder cancer cell lines, and whether sensitivity is influenced by HER1/EGFR mutation status.MATERIALS AND METHODSSeven bladder cancer cell lines were characterized for HER1/EGFR expression, then treated with erlotinib alone, IFNα alone, or IFNα plus erlotinib. Cell growth inhibition was assessed by crystal‐violet staining and HER1/EGFR expression by flow cytometry. Synergy was evaluated using the combination index of Chou and Talalay. DNA from these cell lines in the linear growth phase and from 14 bladder cancer tissue samples were tested for HER1/EGFRTK mutations.RESULTSCell‐surface HER1/EGFR expression was present in all seven bladder cancer cell lines. Both erlotinib and IFNα independently were significantly antiproliferative, and combined treatment synergistically enhanced the sensitivity in six of the seven cell lines. No bladder cancer cell lines or tissues tested expressed HER1/EGFRTK mutations.CONCLUSIONErlotinib inhibits the growth of human bladder cancer cell lines. Enhanced inhibition in the presence of IFNα is not determined by the presence of HER1/EGFRTK mutations. This study might have clinical implications for improving the treatment of bladder cancer.
Histopathological alterations of the vas deferens in rats exposed to polypropylene mesh
Authors: Maciel Luiz Carlos , Glina Sidney , Palma Paulo C.R. , Costa Nascimento F.C. , Netto Nelson R. 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVETo assess the histological and physiological effects of polypropylene mesh for inguinal herniorraphy, as it can cause lesions in the vas deferens in 0.3–2.0%, leading to infertility, and induces an inflammatory process and adjacent fibrosis, strengthening the posterior inguinal wall.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn all, 40 male albino rats (3 months old) had bilateral vas deferens dissection followed by mesh implantation on one side; the contralateral side was used as the control. The rats were killed 90 (group 1) and 120 (group 2) days later, and the vas deferens, epididymides and testicles assessed histopathologically.RESULTSThere was a foreign‐body reaction after mesh implantation, but not in the controls. The mean lumen dilatation in regions proximal to the mesh in groups 1 and 2 was 0.468 and 0.371 mm2, respectively, and all the sections had spermatozoids. The mean dilatation in control groups 1 and 2 was 0.239 and 0.170 mm2, respectively, with spermatozoids present in 58% and 75%, respectively (significant, P < 0.05). In group 1 the wall thickness of mesh‐implanted segments reduced to 0.177 mm, and in segments proximal to the mesh to 0.099 mm; the control segment was 0.298 mm (P < 0.05). In group 2 the mean thickness of mesh‐implanted and proximal segments was 0.134 and 0.224 mm, respectively, while in the control it was 0.284 mm (not significant). There was loss of mucosal folding in all segments proximal to the mesh but not in the control. The epididymides and testicles were unchanged.CONCLUSIONPolypropylene mesh induces a foreign‐body reaction, with histological changes in the vas deferens that cause functional obstruction, with dilatation and spermatozoid repression.
A History of Disasters: Spanish Colonialism in the Age of Empire
Authors: Schmidt‐Nowara Christopher 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHistorians have long relegated colonialism to the margins of modern Spanish history. Spain lost the majority of its overseas empire in the Spanish American revolutions of the early nineteenth century. It was a late, reluctant, and small‐scale participant in the partition of Africa. Recent scholarship, however, is bringing colonialism back to the center of Spain's nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This article examines these findings and considers their consequences for narratives of Spanish marginality and modernity. Special attention is given to two recent works: John Tone'sWar and Genocide in Cubaand Sebastian Balfour'sDeadly Embrace.