bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric Study of Helical Piles Subjected to Compression and Tension Loading Through Finite Element Analysis: A Case Study
Authors: Gil-Hernandez Jackson Andres , Ibarra-Penagos Gabriela , Triviño-Oviedo Cesar Augusto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study performed a parametric analysis on helical piles through finite element models. To carry out this study, the modeling of two case studies was carried out in the PLAXIS 2D software; the results of the models were compared with the results of experimental investigations of helical piles subjected to compression and tension. The calibrated models were used to carry out the parametric study in which the spacing between plates, the number of helical plates, and the diameter of the plates were modified. The results suggest that a spacing ratio s/D < 3 is not convenient since it generates a cylindrical shear failure, decreasing the capacity of the pile; furthermore, utilizing more than three plates in helical piles does not result in a substantial increase in pile capacity, while increasing the diameter of the helical plates provides a larger supporting surface, directly enhancing the pile's capacity.
Relationship between hemoglobin and grip strength in older adults: the ActiFE study
Authors: Hammer Theresa , Braisch Ulrike , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Denkinger Michael , Dallmeier Dhayana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Although anemia is associated with low muscle strength, hemoglobin has been rarely studied considering ferritin.

Aim
To analyze the association between hemoglobin and grip strength in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
We used data from a German cohort of adults ≥ 65 years, excluding those with CRP > 10 mg/L or taking iron supplements. Grip strength (kg) was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. Analysis was performed using multiple linear regression, adjusted for established confounders. Due to interaction, age-stratified (< 80, 80 +), further sex-stratified analysis in those < 80 years old and ferritin-stratified in men < 80 years were performed.

Results
In total, 1294 participants were included in this analysis (mean age 75.5 years, 549 (42.3%) women, 910 (70.3%) < 80 years). On average, hemoglobin and grip strength were 14.9 g/dL and 41.3 kg for men, 13.9 g/dL and 25.1 kg for women. Hemoglobin was significantly positively associated with grip strength only among women < 80 years (β 0.923 [95% CI 0.196, 1.650]). For men < 80 years, the association was significant when ferritin was ≥ 300 µg/L (β 2.028 [95% CI 0.910, 3.146]). No association was detected among those participants 80 + .

Discussion and conclusions
Our data show an association between hemoglobin and grip strength only in women < 80 years old. For men < 80 years, the association was only significant with ferritin levels ≥ 300 µg/L. Considering the decreasing levels of hemoglobin and grip strength and the high prevalence of iron deficiency in older adults further analyses investigating this relationship with more iron specific parameters such as transferrin saturation are warranted.
Förderung der professionellen Wahrnehmung und Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen über Klassenführung mithilfe eines digitalen, videobasierten Mastery-Learning-Moduls
Authors: Janeczko Jennifer Maria , Junker Robin , Hörter Philip , Holodynski Manfred 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie professionelle Wahrnehmung ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung erfolgreichen Unterrichtens. Um die professionelle Wahrnehmung von Unterrichtsqualitätsmerkmalen wie der Klassenführung im Lehramtsstudium zu trainieren, haben sich videobasierte Präsenzkurse bewährt. Individuell adaptierbare Mastery-Learning-Angebote ermöglichen jedoch eine effektivere Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Lernvoraussetzungen und die Bereitstellung spezifischen Feedbacks. Daher wurde ein digitales, videobasiertes und individuell adaptierbares Lernmodul zur Förderung der professionellen Wahrnehmung und Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen über Klassenführung entwickelt (Mastery-Learning-Angebot) und einem digitalen, videobasierten Seminarkonzept gegenübergestellt, das traditionell von Dozierenden zu festen Zeiten im Gruppenkontext durchgeführt wurde (Unified-Learning-Angebot). 121 Lehramtsstudierende nahmen an der quasi-experimentellen Prä–Post–Follow-Up–Studie teil und trainierten die Analyse klassenführungsrelevanter Ereignisse entweder mit dem Mastery-Learning-Angebot (n = 49), mithilfe des Unified-Learning-Angebots (n = 39) oder waren Teil einer unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe (n = 33). Die Analyse längsschnittlicher Wachstumskurvenmodelle ergab, dass im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe beide videobasierten Lehrformate zu einem signifikant höheren latenten Zuwachs der professionellen Wahrnehmung von Klassenführung beitrugen, wobei die Mastery-Learning-Gruppe am besten abschnitt. Im Hinblick auf die klassenführungsbezogenen Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen ergaben sich zwar Zuwächse in den Interventionsgruppen, diese unterschieden sich jedoch nicht signifikant zur Kontrollgruppe. Der Beitrag liefert wichtige Ansatzpunkte zur Untersuchung videobasierter Lehrangebote, die die heterogene Studierendenschaft und die Digitalisierung als Herausforderungen der Lehrkräftebildung adressieren.
Adaptiver Unterricht erfordert eine adaptive Unterrichtsforschung
Authors: Dumont Hanna , Decristan Jasmin , Fauth Benjamin 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungHinsichtlich des Umgangs mit der Heterogenität von Schüler*innen setzt sich zunehmend die Erkenntnis durch, dass das Unterrichtsangebot an die individuellen Lernvoraussetzungen der Schüler*innen angepasst werden sollte. Bislang gibt es jedoch überraschend wenig empirisches Wissen über solch einen adaptiven Unterricht und unter welchen Bedingungen er für die Lern- und Leistungsentwicklung von Schüler*innen wirksam ist. Anknüpfend an Begrich und Kolleg*innen, die im Jubiläumsheft der Unterrichtswissenschaft die Untersuchung von adaptiven Unterrichtsformen als eine der zentralen „Perspektiven für eine Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung der Zukunft“ herausgearbeitet haben, möchten wir in unserem Kommentar „weiterdenken“, wie die empirische Untersuchung von adaptivem Unterricht umgesetzt werden kann. Dazu adressieren wir zunächst, was adaptiver Unterricht ist und wie er in der Praxis aussieht. Anschließend widmen wir uns auf Basis unserer Erfahrungen aus der Studie „Adaptivität und Unterrichtsqualität im individualisierten Unterricht (Ada*Q)“ der Frage, welche Herausforderungen sich bei der Untersuchung von adaptivem Unterricht ergeben und skizzieren mögliche Lösungsansätze. Dabei argumentieren wir dafür, dass nicht nur Unterricht, sondern auch die Unterrichtsforschung adaptiv sein muss, um der Heterogenität von Schüler*innen adäquat begegnen zu können.
Ink-structing the future of vascular tissue engineering: a review of the physiological bioink design
Authors: Synofzik Judith , Heene Sebastian , Jonczyk Rebecca , Blume Cornelia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting have come into view for a plannable and standardizable generation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs that can substitute native tissues and organs. These tissue-engineered structures are intended to integrate with the patient’s body. Vascular tissue engineering (TE) is relevant in TE because it supports the sustained oxygenization and nutrition of all tissue-engineered constructs. Bioinks have a specific role, representing the necessary medium for printability and vascular cell growth. This review aims to understand the requirements for the design of vascular bioinks. First, an in-depth analysis of vascular cell interaction with their native environment must be gained. A physiological bioink suitable for a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) must not only ensure good printability but also induce cells to behave like in a native vascular vessel, including self-regenerative and growth functions. This review describes the general structure of vascular walls with wall-specific cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) components and biomechanical properties and functions. Furthermore, the physiological role of vascular ECM components for their interaction with vascular cells and the mode of interaction is introduced. Diverse currently available or imaginable bioinks are described from physiological matrix proteins to nonphysiologically occurring but natural chemical compounds useful for vascular bioprinting. The physiological performance of these bioinks is evaluated with regard to biomechanical properties postprinting, with a view to current animal studies of 3D printed vascular structures. Finally, the main challenges for further bioink development, suitable bioink components to create a self-assembly bioink concept, and future bioprinting strategies are outlined. These concepts are discussed in terms of their suitability to be part of a TEVG with a high potential for later clinical use.
Transitionen, Selektionsentscheidungen und Bildungschancen.
Authors: Weiß Sabine , Lindner Jessica , Kiel Ewald 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungHerkunftsbedingte Disparitäten und ungleiche Bildungschancen von Schüler*innen aus Familien mit Migrationsgeschichte charakterisieren insbesondere die Gelenkstellen des Bildungssystems, wie den Schuleintritt und den Übertritt von der Grundschule auf eine weiterführende Schule. Diese Transitionen werden in der vorliegenden Studie aus der Perspektive von Eltern mit Migrationsgeschichte betrachtet. Diese skizzieren, im Sinne eines Participatory Research Approachs, mittels der Critical Incident Technique bedeutsame Ereignisse, die sie in diesen Übergangsphasen ihrer Kinder erlebt haben. Eltern schildern die Transitionen geprägt von leistungs- und verhaltensbezogenen Zuschreibungen gegenüber ihren Kindern wie auch ihren eigenen Erziehungspraktiken. Die besondere Tragweite liegt darin, dass diese Zuschreibungen die Bildungsbiografie ihrer Kinder von Beginn an begleiten, beginnend in der Einschulungsphase vor dem Schuleintritt über die ersten Tage und Wochen nach Schulbeginn bis zum Übertritt in eine weiterführende Schule. Ein Teil der Eltern berichtet, dass der angestrebte Bildungsweg letztendlich verwirklicht werden konnte. Zuschreibungen haben allerdings selbst bei formal gelungenen Transitionen weitreichende Folgen. Eltern und Kinder leiden langanhaltend unter Gefühlen von Demütigung sowie unter Verunsicherung, Ängsten und emotionaler Erschöpfung. Diese Ergebnisse gehen über den Diskurs zu sekundären Herkunftseffekten hinaus. Bildungserfolg bzw. das Gelingen von Transitionen darf nicht nur an der Übertritts- oder Rückstellungsquote gemessen werden – daran, ob der Übergang formal gelingt oder nicht. Es bedarf, auch bei formal gelungenen Übergängen, Indikatoren wie Wohlbefinden von Kindern und Eltern, soziale Integration und Fähigkeiten, Freundschaften zu schließen etc. Solche Indikatoren sind nicht nur direkt im Übergang, sondern mit Blick auf die leistungsbezogene und soziale Entwicklung der Kinder längerfristig zu verfolgen.
Application of thiourea polyurethane foam/zinc oxide nanocomposite for anticancer effects and antimicrobial potential
Authors: El‑Zahed Mohamed M. , Eissa Mai S. , Moawed Elhossein A. , El Sadda Rana R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is a continuous need to fabricate new antimicrobial agents due to the continuous development of microbial drug resistance. Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have emerged as a promising choice for developing new drugs owing to their exceptional broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anticancer action. In the current work, thiourea polyurethane foam/zinc oxide nanocomposite was synthesized by coupling ZnONPs and thiourea polyurethane foam (TPUF) to test its antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Ultraviolet–visible spectra, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential and dynamic light scattering analyses were investigated to study the characterization of thiourea polyurethane foam/zinc oxide nanocomposite (TPUF/ZnO). The synthesized TPUF/ZnO was examined as an antimicrobial agent against gram-positive bacterium (Bacillus cereus), gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli), and fungus (Aspergillus niger). The results of the agar well-diffusion test showed good inhibition zones against E. coli (16 mm), B. cereus (13 mm), and A. niger (26 mm). The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of TPUF/ZnO against B. cereus and E. coli were 350 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL. TEM of TPUF/ZnO-treated B. cereus and E. coli bacteria displayed different ultrastructural modifications such as separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall and vacuole formation that led to a complete lysis and bacterial death. The anticancer activity of TPUF/ZnO was also evaluated against liver and breast cancer cell lines (HepG-2 and MCF-7). TPUF/ZnO showed good cytotoxicity activities against HepG-2, and MCF-7, with IC50 values of 77.08 ± 1.36 and 109.01 ± 3.98 µg/ml, respectively. Thus, TPUF/ZnO could be a promising raw material in the field of food packaging and provide a possible anticancer compound for hepatocellular carcinoma and breast carcinoma.

Graphic abstract
A review on the mechanical characteristics of thermally damaged steel and polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concretes
Authors: He Fengzhen , Biolzi Luigi , Carvelli Valter , Feng Xiaowei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSteel and polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concretes have been widely considered for structural applications due to its superior mechanical performance compared to plain and mono fiber-reinforced concretes. Fire is one of the most serious potential risks to concrete structures. The fire resistance of the steel and polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concretes cannot be ignored when assessing the safety of concrete structures. This paper reviews the available studies on the mechanical performance of thermally damaged steel and polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concretes. The deterioration mechanism and the influence of the test factors were discussed. The temperature-dependent mechanical properties of the hybrid fiber-reinforced concretes were analyzed, including compressive elastic modulus, compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture toughness. In addition, the effect of the post-fire re-curing on the mechanical performance of the thermally damaged steel and polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concretes was also reviewed.
Time-varying stretching velocity analysis for an unsteady flow of Williamson fluid by Hermite wavelet
Authors: Vidya Shree R. , Patil Mallikarjun B. , Kumbinarasaiah S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates unsteady velocity $${U}_{w}=\xi x/t$$

U
w

=
ξ
x
/
t

for a Williamson nanofluid film flowing over a moving surface. This work can be used to outline the effects of an applied angled magnetic-field on liquid film flow, which occurs in numerous real-world solicitations such as coating industries for wire or sheet, labs, painting, and several others. Analyzing williamson nanoliquid film flow over a stretching sheet is the main aim of this investigation. The leading Navier–Stokes models are reduced to third-order nonlinear ODE through similarity transformations that are then undertaken using the Hermite wavelet method (HWM). Both 2-dimensional and axisymmetric film flow circumstances have been analyzed. The moving surface parameter $$\xi$$
ξ
is said to have a limited range for which the solution exists. Specifically, $$\xi \le -1/4$$

ξ
≤
-
1
/
4

for axisymmetric flow and $$\xi \ge -1/2$$

ξ
≥
-
1
/
2

for two-dimensional flow. Before decreasing to the boundary condition, the velocity climbs until it reaches its maximum. By taking into account the stretching ($$\xi >0$$

ξ
>
0

) and shrinking ($$\xi <0$$

ξ
<
0

) wall conditions, streamlines are also examined for axisymmetric and 2-dimensional flow patterns.
Nitro-fatty acids: mechanisms of action, roles in metabolic diseases, and therapeutics
Authors: Ni Hui , Tan Xin , Du Jie , Wang Yuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are a class of bioactive lipids that mediate metabolic, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and other signaling actions. Endogenously, NO2-FAs are derived from the non-enzymatic reactions of unsaturated fatty acids with reactive nitrogen species. The electrophilic properties of the nitro group results in NO2-FAs being able to undergo rapid and reversible reactions with biological nucleophiles, such as cysteine and histidine, thus supporting post-translational modifications of proteins. The reactions of NO2-FAs with biological nucleophiles regulate a range of key signaling pathways involved in gene expression responses, enzyme activity, and cellular processes. In disease animal models, NO2-FAs are produced under conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress and play a protective role in a variety of metabolic diseases, which have been associated with anti-atherosclerosis, blood-pressure lowering, and are involved in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism and insulin resistance. Based on these, more clinical studies might find a correlation between NO2-FAs levels and pathophysiology in patients with metabolic diseases. Importantly, NO2-FAs therapeutics are effective in clinical trials. In addition, dietary supplementation with nitrates and unsaturated fatty acids can endogenously increase NO2-FAs levels in mice and humans. These findings support dietary approaches that increase the endogenous levels of NO2-FAs might potentially reduce the risk of metabolic diseases. To identify the specific mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of NO2-FAs, we have summarized the main mechanisms of action of NO2-FAs in metabolic disease progression to provide insights for the development of new therapeutics for metabolic diseases.
AI Risk Assessment: A Scenario-Based, Proportional Methodology for the AI Act
Authors: Novelli Claudio , Casolari Federico , Rotolo Antonino , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) defines four risk categories for AI systems: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal. However, it lacks a clear methodology for the assessment of these risks in concrete situations. Risks are broadly categorized based on the application areas of AI systems and ambiguous risk factors. This paper suggests a methodology for assessing AI risk magnitudes, focusing on the construction of real-world risk scenarios. To this scope, we propose to integrate the AIA with a framework developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports and related literature. This approach enables a nuanced analysis of AI risk by exploring the interplay between (a) risk determinants, (b) individual drivers of determinants, and (c) multiple risk types. We further refine the proposed methodology by applying a proportionality test to balance the competing values involved in AI risk assessment. Finally, we present three uses of this approach under the AIA: to implement the Regulation, to assess the significance of risks, and to develop internal risk management systems for AI deployers.
Comparison of Predictive Ability of Macrocirculation and Microcirculation Markers on Outcomes of Patients with Septic Shock During Initial Fluid Resuscitation: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Shahsavarinia Kavous , Sabzevari Tara , Shadvar Kamran , Saghaleini Seied Hadi , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Ghamari Aliakbar , Vahedian-Azimi Amir , Samim Abbas , Rahimi-Bashar Farshid 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to compare the predictive abilities of macrocirculation markers (mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and central venous pressure), microcirculation markers (capillary refill time and peripheral perfusion index), as well as fluid balance, lactate level, and lactate clearance on the outcomes of patients with septic shock during initial resuscitation.

Methods
In this prospective, single-center observational study, adult patients with septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at Shohada Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, between December 2020 and September 2021, were included. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the associations between macrocirculation markers (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and fluid balance) and microcirculation markers (capillary refill time, peripheral perfusion index, mottling score, lactate level, and lactate clearance level) with outcomes such as ICU length of stay, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), vasopressor requirements, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), and mortality rate. Assessments were performed at baseline, 6 h, and 24 h after fluid resuscitation.

Results
A total of 100 patients with septic shock (55 men and 45 women) were enrolled in the study. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the macrocirculation and microcirculation markers in predicting mortality ranged from 0.517 to 0.770 and 0.695 to 0.993, respectively. Among the macrocirculation markers, central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure at baseline showed the best predictive values for mortality, with AUCs of 0.770 and 0.753, respectively.

Conclusion
In patients with septic shock, microcirculation markers, particularly the peripheral perfusion index (PPI), demonstrated better predictive accuracy for mortality compared to macrocirculation markers. Furthermore, the combination of markers had a higher AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for predicting outcomes compared to individual markers alone.
Study of methylene blue dye removal using biochar derived from leaf and stem of Lantana camara L.
Authors: Kundu Deepa , Sharma Prabhakar , Bhattacharya Sayan , Gupta Kaushik , Sengupta Shubhalakshmi , Shang Jianying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe discharge of dye containing effluents into the water bodies has raised concern due to potential hazards related to their toxicity in the environment. The removal of dye from the aqueous solution can be efficiently performed using different kinds of adsorbents. The main objective of the current study is to determine the potential of biochar (BC) prepared from Lantana camara L. at 600 ℃ for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution as a function of contact time, pH (3–12), adsorbent dose (100–400 mg L−1), and the initial dye concentration (5–20 mg L−1). The BC prepared using leaf ($${\text{BC}}_{\text{L}}600$$

BC
L

600

) and stem ($${\text{BC}}_{\text{S}}{60}0$$

BC
S

600

) of Lantana was characterized for elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The results indicated that the pH of dye solution had highly influenced their absorption over the BC surfaces. The pseudo-second-order kinetics was able to explain the interaction of MB dye with both $${\text{BC}}_{\text{L}}600$$

BC
L

600

and $${\text{BC}}_{\text{S}}600$$

BC
S

600

, implying the multi-step characteristics of the adsorption process. It was also postulated through the thermodynamic analysis that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. It implies that the adsorption mechanism was related to electrostatic, hydrogen bond, n-π, and π-π interactions, i.e., Lantana BC may be an effective bio-sorbent for the treatment of contaminated wastewater from the dye industries.
Graphical Abstract