bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exacerbation of Seizures in Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Due to an α1‐Adrenergic Antagonist
Authors: Iváñez Vicente , Ojeda Joaquín 
Published: September 2006

Summary: Purpose:We describe the first reported case of a proconvulsant effect of an α1‐adrenergic antagonist in humans.Methods:A patient with medial temporal lobe seizures (MTLE) had increased seizure frequency after treatment with tamsulosin, an α1‐adrenergic antagonist.Results:Experimental evidence suggests that noradrenaline, which has inhibitory effects on the excitatory synaptic response, can act as a powerful anticonvulsant. Mostly, α2‐adrenoreceptors, but also α1‐adrenoreceptors, have been implicated in this effect by different experimental models. Clinical reports of a proconvulsant or anticonvulsant effect of drugs that act through the adrenergic pathway are scarce.Conclusions:This is the first report of a proconvulsant effect by an α1‐adrenergic antagonist in humans and suggests that α1‐adrenoreceptors may be involved in modulating noradrenergic activity in the limbic region.
Orgasm‐induced Seizures: A Study of Six Patients
Authors: Ozkara Cigdem , Ozdemir Samuray , Yılmaz Aynur , Uzan Mustafa , Yeni Naz , Ozmen Mine 
Published: September 2006

Summary: Purpose:Reflex seizures are known as the epileptic seizures triggered by some specific stimuli in sensitive patients. They are often classified according to the stimuli that trigger them rather than by the type of the seizure. Epileptic seizures induced by sexual orgasm are very rare in the literature.Methods:We report six patients with different epileptic syndromes who experienced seizures after sexual intercourse and orgasm.Results:All patients are women whose epileptogenic focus was in the right temporal in four and left frontal in one patient. One patient had pure generalized reflex epilepsy.Conclusions:Seizures induced by orgasm are very rare, with female and right hemisphere dominance requiring complex mechanisms to occur.
Neuromagnetic Source Localization of Epileptiform Activity in Patients with Graphogenic Epilepsy
Authors: Tanaka Naoaki , Sakurai Kotaro , Kamada Kyousuke , Takeuchi Fumiya , Takeda Youji , Koyama Tsukasa 
Published: September 2006

Summary:  Purpose: To clarify the source localization of epileptiform activity by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in patients with graphogenic epilepsy. Methods: MEG and simultaneous EEG were recorded with a 204‐channel whole‐head MEG system in two patients with graphogenic epilepsy. During the MEG recordings, the patients performed a set of tasks comprising mental arithmetic calculation, speaking, moving the right arm in a manner resembling writing, writing, and thinking of writing. Equivalent current dipoles (ECD) were calculated for epileptiform discharges on MEG by using a single‐dipole model. The ECD were superimposed on the magnetic resonance images of the patients. Results: The task of writing provoked seizures, in which both patients jerked the right arms. Thinking of writing also induced these seizures. In both patients, EEG associated with the seizures showed bursts of spike‐and‐slow‐wave complexes predominantly in the centroparietal region. MEG also showed epileptiform discharges corresponding to the EEG bursts. ECDs obtained from the discharges were clustered in the left centroparietal area. Conclusions: Thinking of writing was a trigger for the seizures, as well as the task of writing. The source of the epileptiform discharge associated with the seizures was localized in the unilateral centroparietal area. The findings suggest that the centroparietal region plays an important role in the pathophysiology underlying these two graphogenic epilepsy cases.
Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Sleep Disturbances in Community‐Dwelling Older Women
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E. , Blackwell Terri L. , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Redline Susan , Yaffe Kristine , Diem Susan , Claman David , Stone Katie L. ,   for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and objective measures of sleep disturbances in older community‐dwelling women, including women without evidence of depression.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study.SETTING: Four U.S. clinical centers.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand eight hundred fifty‐three women aged 71 and older (2,630 nonusers of antidepressants and 223 taking SSRIs alone, not in combination with other antidepressants).MEASUREMENTS: Medication use, assessed using an interviewer‐administered questionnaire with verification of use from medication containers and computerized dictionary used to categorize type of medication; evidence of depression assessed using self‐report or a score of 6 or higher on the Geriatric Depression Scale; and sleep parameters measured using a wrist actigraph, with data collected for an average of four consecutive 24‐hour periods.RESULTS: Of the overall cohort of 2,853 women and of 2,337 women without evidence of depression, sleep disturbances were more common in women taking SSRIs than in those not taking antidepressants. After excluding women with evidence of depression and adjusting for multiple potential confounders, women taking SSRIs were more likely to have a sleep duration of 5 hours or less (multivariate odds ratio (MOR)=2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04–4.47), sleep efficiency less than 70% (MOR=2.37, 95% CI=1.32–4.25), sleep latency of 1 hour or more (MOR=3.99, 95% CI=2.29–6.96) and eight or more long wake episodes (MOR=1.75, 95% CI=0.99–3.10).CONCLUSION: SSRI use by older women, including those without evidence of depression, is associated with a greater likelihood of sleep disturbances, including poorer sleep efficiency, longer sleep latency, and sleep fragmentation, manifested by multiple long wake episodes. These results add to the uncertainty regarding risks and benefits of SSRI use in aged populations.
Clinical Features of Reflux Esophagitis in Older People: A Study of 840 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Pilotto Alberto , Franceschi Marilisa , Leandro Gioacchino , Scarcelli Carlo , D'Ambrosio Luigi P. , Seripa Davide , Perri Francesco , Niro Valeria , Paris Francesco , Andriulli Angelo , Di Mario Francesco 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVES: To compare symptoms and other clinical characteristics of reflux esophagitis in patients of different ages.DESIGN: Observational cross‐sectional study of consecutive patients.SETTING: Geriatric Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico.PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred forty patients with endoscopically diagnosed erosive esophagitis divided into four groups according to age (young (<50, mean 36.7, n=114), adult (50–69, mean 59.1, n=126), elderly (70–84, mean 77.3, n=425), and very elderly (≥85, mean 88.4, n=175)).MEASUREMENTS: Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire. Other symptoms were recorded when present as an indication for endoscopy. Severity of esophagitis, presence of Helicobacter pylori infection, presence and size of hiatus hernia, Barrett's esophagus, antrum or corpus gastric atrophy, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use were also evaluated.RESULTS: Elderly and very elderly patients had a significantly lower prevalence of typical gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (heartburn or acid regurgitation (P<.001) and epigastric pain (P<.001)) than young and adult patients. Conversely, the prevalence of other symptoms (anorexia (P<.001), weight loss (P<.007), anemia (P<.001), vomiting (P<.001), and dysphagia (P<.001)) significantly increased with age. The prevalence of severe esophagitis (P<.001), hiatus hernia (P<.005), the size of hiatus hernia (P<.001), antrum and corpus gastric atrophy (P<.05) and NSAID use (P<.005) also significantly increased with age. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that older age (65–84, odds ratio (OR)=2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.38–5.12; ≥85, OR=4.57, 95% CI=2.15–9.71), hiatus hernia larger than 3 cm in diameter (OR=2.38, 95% CI=1.41–4.01), and male sex (OR=2.83, 95% CI=1.72–4.64) are independent risk factors for severe esophagitis, whereas H. pylori infection, gastric atrophy, NSAID use, and the presence of hiatus hernia were not.CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with reflux esophagitis had less‐typical and more‐nonspecific symptoms than young or adult patients. Old age, male sex, and hiatus hernia size greater than 3 cm are significantly associated with severe esophagitis. Clinicians caring for older patients should be aware of the nonspecific presentation and potential severity of reflux esophagitis in this population.
Satisfaction with End‐of‐Life Care for Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Dementia
Authors: Engel Sharon E. , Kiely Dan K. , Mitchell Susan L. 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with satisfaction with care for healthcare proxies (HCPs) of nursing home (NH) residents with advanced dementia.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study.SETTING: Thirteen NHs in Boston.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred forty‐eight NH residents aged 65 and older with advanced dementia and their formally designated HCPs.MASUREMENTS: The dependent variable was HCPs' score on the Satisfaction With Care at the End of Life in Dementia (SWC‐EOLD) scale (range 10–40; higher scores indicate greater satisfaction). Resident characteristics analyzed as independent variables were demographic information, functional and cognitive status, comfort, tube feeding, and advance care planning. HCP characteristics were demographic information, health status, mood, advance care planning, and communication. Multivariate stepwise linear regression was used to identify factors independently associated with higher SWC‐EOLD score.RESULTS: The mean ages±standard deviation of the 148 residents and HCPs were 85.0±8.1 and 59.1±11.7, respectively. The mean SWC‐EOLD score was 31.0±4.2. After multivariate adjustment, variables independently associated with greater satisfaction were more than 15 minutes discussing advance directives with a care provider at the time of NH admission (parameter estimate=2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.16–3.61, P<.001), greater resident comfort (parameter estimate=0.10, 95% CI=0.02–0.17, P=.01), care in a specialized dementia unit (parameter estimate=1.48, 95% CI=0.25–2.71, P=.02), and no feeding tube (parameter estimate=2.87, 95% CI=0.46–5.25, P=.02).CONCLUSION: Better communication, greater resident comfort, no tube feeding, and care in a specialized dementia unit are modifiable factors that may improve satisfaction with care in advanced dementia.
Cariogenic Bacteria and Caries Risk in Elderly Japanese Aged 80 and Older with at Least 20 Teeth
Authors: Rodis Omar M. M. , Shimono Tsutomu , Matsumura Seishi , Hatomoto Kiyomi , Matsuo Keiko , Kariya Naoyuki , Okazaki Yoshihide , Ji Ying 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVES: To assess caries risk and check the presence of four commonly found oral cariogenic bacteria in “8020” achievers.DESIGN: Initial report based on Japan's newly implemented “8020” campaign, which aims to promote health and awareness in older people. Simply stated, the goal is, at 80 years, to maintain 20 teeth.SETTING: Healthy community‐dwelling elderly individuals of Okayama Prefecture, Japan.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty individuals aged 80 and older with 20 of their own natural teeth.MEASUREMENTS: General and oral health conditions, caries risk assessment using the Cariostat method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of four oral cariogenic bacteria.RESULTS: The participants had an average of 24.7 teeth, of which 12.1 were sound, 12.2 were treated, and 0.4 were untreated. Based on Cariostat scores, 64.4% had low caries risk. Using PCR, Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, and L. plantarum were detected in 51.3%, 23.1%, 40%, and 25% of the participants, respectively. S. mutans (P<.001), S. sobrinus (P=.002), L. casei (P<.001), and L. plantarum (P=.001) deoxyribonucleic acid band was detected more in participants with high caries risk scores.CONCLUSION: Participants with low caries risk scores had low prevalence of cariogenic bacteria, 20 or more sound teeth, and fewer missing teeth. Incorporating caries risk assessment, using the Cariostat and PCR analysis, in the “8020” campaign in health systems worldwide will contribute to a better life for the aging society, initiate research interest regarding the program, and improve current health policies.
Topography of diabetic macular oedema compared with fluorescein angiography
Authors: Neubauer Aljoscha S. , Chryssafis Christos , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Haritoglou Christos , Thiel Martin , Welge‐Lüßen Ulrich , Kampik Anselm , Ulbig Michael W. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the amount and pattern of fluorescein leakage in diabetic macular oedema with the retinal thickness maps obtained with the retinal thickness analyser (RTA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods:  A consecutive series of 30 eyes from 30 patients with diabetic macular oedema was included. On fluorescein angiography (FA) the macula was analysed in 10 subfields as defined by the ETDRS. The amount and source of leakage for each field were determined. Retinal thickness was measured by OCT and RTA maps in each of the 10 fields and compared with the FA grading.Results:  Foveal retinal thickness on OCT was most influenced by the overall FA leakage, which was the only significant covariate on multivariate analysis. The source and amount of leakage correlated significantly with the topography of retinal thickness in the four peripheral fields between 1500 µm and 3000 µm from the macular centre (r = 0.54, p = 0.002). The mean amount and source of leakage in those fields also showed the highest correlation with central macular thickness on OCT (r = 0.46, p = 0.01). Similar results were obtained by RTA when excluding ischaemic cases (r = 0.44, p = 0.04). For both instruments, FA leakage within the four central fields < 1500 µm did not correlate significantly with retinal thickness. Thickness by OCT and RTA were highly correlated with one another for central macular measurements (r = 0.73, p < 0.001), but correlated poorly in the peripheral fields. Overall, OCT measurements correlated more highly with FA.Conclusions:  Optical coherence tomography and RTA thickness measurements can be used to identify patients for further examination. Fluorescein angiography leakage in the outer ETDRS fields correlates best with central thickness and retinal thickness topography by OCT.
Comparative study of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia with onset in childhood, adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Biswas P. , Malhotra S. , Malhotra A. , Gupta N. 
Published: September 2006

Objective:  To compare neurological soft signs (NSS) in patients of schizophrenia with onset in childhood (COS), adolescence (AdOS) and adulthood (AOS).Method:  Assessment of NSS in 15 patients of COS and 20 patients each of AdOS and AOS was made using condensed neuropsychiatric examination for NSS.Results:  NSS were significantly more frequent in COS (100%) and AdOS (90%) when compared with AOS (55%) patients. COS patients showed significantly higher scores on temporal and frontal lobe NSS, of which differences between the three groups in temporal lobe NSS disappeared on ancova. Parietal lobe dependent NSS were seen in a few COS patients. The NSS were more in those with lesser IQ, lower education and higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores.Conclusion:  Findings indicate that earlier onset types may be more strongly associated with a generalized disruption of brain function. Non‐suppression of primitive reflexes with cortical maturation in COS point towards disordered neurodevelopment. Preponderance of fronto‐temporal and a relative lack of parietal lobe NSS point towards differential lobar involvement. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities leading to NSS also lead to lower IQ and lower educational level.
Victorian Era Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry: An Advertising Trade Card Gallery
Authors: Croll Theodore P. , Swanson Ben Z. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTA chief means of print advertising in the Victorian era was the “trade card.” Innumerable products, companies, and services were highlighted on colorful chromolithographic trade cards, and these became desirable collectible objects which were pasted into scrapbooks and enjoyed by many families. Dentistry‐ and oral health‐related subjects were often depicted on Victorian trade cards, and esthetic and restorative dentistry themes were featured. This review describes the history of advertising trade cards and offers a photographic gallery of dentistry‐related cards of the era.
Defoe as a Biographical Subject
Authors: Novak Max 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis essay on writing a biography of Daniel Defoe is focused on two problems. How is biography possible in a time when many thinkers have argued that all history and biography are essentially forms of fiction and that the notion of a unified personality is an illusion? And how does one deal with the contention of John Richetti and others that a biography of Daniel Defoe has to be different from other biographies in that his character is essentially irretrievable from the past? The arguments of various critics on authorship have shown us that works of history and biography are never scientific presentations but rather works shaped by their authors. But it is only through such limited viewpoints that facts of a life or a history can have meaning. Defoe was a spy who took many identities, but placed in a determinable historical context, his opinions and motives are fairly consistent. As the many biographers of Defoe before me and I have shown, shaping the life and character of such a protean figure is challenging but is not as difficult as might be thought.
Twentieth‐ and Twenty‐first‐century Keats Criticism
Authors: Sandy Mark 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis essay offers a survey of major twentieth‐ and twenty‐first‐century interpretations of Keats's life and work. Mapping lines of influence between distinctive formal, theoretical and historical approaches to Keats's oeuvre, I highlight significant critical trends and areas of recurrent formal and thematic interest in Keats studies. When appropriate, current confluences between these theoretical and historical methodologies are noted. Given the wide scope of material available, prominence has been given to those projects (where possible, emphasis is given to critical books) which both represent particular twentieth‐century critical perspectives or thematic concerns and are important studies in themselves. This survey closes by indicating potential areas for future research and observes that many twentieth‐century critical viewpoints and issues remain vital to Keats studies at the start of the twenty‐first century.
EFFECT OF HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE PROCESSING ON RHEOLOGICAL AND TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF PROBIOTIC LOW‐FAT YOGURT FERMENTED BY DIFFERENT STARTER CULTURES
Authors: PENNA A.L.B. , GURRAM SUBBARAO , BARBOSA‐CÁNOVAS G.V. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT The effect of milk processing on rheological and textural properties of probiotic low‐fat yogurt (fermented by two different starter cultures) was studied. Skim milk fortified with skim milk powder was subjected to three treatments: (1) thermal treatment at 85C for 30 min; (2) high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 676 MPa for 5 min; and (3) combined treatments of HHP (676 MPa for 5 min) and heat (85C for 30 min). The processed milk was fermented using two different starter cultures containing Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum at inoculation rates of 0.1 and 0.2%. Rheological parameters were determined and a texture profile analysis was carried out. Yogurts presented different rheological behaviors according to the treatment used, which could be attributed to structural phenomena. The combined HHP and heat treatment of milks resulted in yogurt gels with higher consistency index values than gels obtained from thermally treated milk. The type of starter culture and inoculation rate, providing different fermentation pathways, also affected the consistency index and textural properties significantly. The combined HHP and heat treatment of milks before fermentation, and an inoculation rate of 0.1% (for both cultures), led to desirable rheological and textural properties in yogurt, which presented a creamy and thick consistency that does not require the addition of stabilizers.
THERMAL DEGRADATION KINETICS OF SUCROSE, GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE IN SUGARCANE MUST FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
Authors: NOLASCO J. , DE MASSAGUER P.R. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT Thermal degradation of sugars contained in sugarcane must (21.5°Brix, pH 6.14) was evaluated at temperatures of 110, 120, 130 and 140C, using the thermal‐death‐time tube method, determining remaining sugars by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The study analyzed thermal degradation kinetics of both the total reducing sugars (TRS) and glucose and fructose individually. All curves of remaining sugars presented strong nonlinearity, with initial shoulder and final tail adjusted by an extended logistic model that was adapted for two species for TRS, and a simple logistic model for the monosaccharides. It was shown that rate constants are influenced by temperature according to two irreconcilable methods: the Arrhenius and the Bigelow methods. Obtained activation energies for fructose and glucose were quite coincident, 140.37 and 140.23 kJ/mol, respectively. Thermal resistance parameters were 21.59 and 21.61C, respectively. Comparison of the rate constants revealed that fructose degraded approximately 9–10 times faster than glucose.
Organ- and Disease-Stage-Specific Regulation ofToxoplasma gondii-Specific CD8-T-Cell Responses by CD4 T Cells
Authors: Lütjen Sonja , Soltek Sabine , Virna Simona , Deckert Martina , Schlüter Dirk 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondiiinduces a persistent central nervous system infection, which may be lethally reactivated in AIDS patients with low CD4 T-cell numbers. To analyze the role of CD4 T cells for the regulation of parasite-specific CD8 T cells, mice were infected with transgenicT. gondiiexpressing the CD8 T-cell antigen β-galactosidase (β-Gal). Depletion of CD4 T cells prior to infection did not affect frequencies of β-Gal876-884-specific (consisting of residues 876 to 884 of β-Gal) CD8 T cells but resulted in a pronounced reduction of intracerebral β-Gal-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing and cytolytic CD8 T cells. After cessation of anti-CD4 treatment a normalT. gondii-specific CD4 T-cell response developed, but IFN-γ production of intracerebral β-Gal-specific CD8 T cells remained impaired. The important supportive role of CD4 T cells for the optimal functional activity of intracerebral CD8 T cells was also observed in mice that had been depleted of CD4 T cells during chronic toxoplasmosis. Reinfection of chronically infected mice that had been depleted of CD4 T cells during either the acute or chronic stage of infection resulted in an enhanced proliferation of β-Gal-specific IFN-γ-producing splenic CD8 T cells. However, reinfection of chronically infected mice that had been depleted of CD4 T cells in the acute stage of infection did not reverse the impaired IFN-γ production of intracerebral CD8 T cells. Collectively, these findings illustrate that CD4 T cells are not required for the induction and maintenance of parasite-specific CD8 T cells but, depending on the stage of infection, the infected organ and parasite challenge infection regulate the functional activity of intracerebral CD8 T cells.