bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Injuries among Male Soccer Players
Authors: Engebretsen Anders H. , Myklebust Grethe , Holme Ingar , Engebretsen Lars , Bahr Roald 
Published: April 2008

Background This study was conducted to investigate whether the most common injuries in soccer could be prevented, and to determine if a simple questionnaire could identify players at increased risk. Hypothesis Introduction of targeted exercise programs to male soccer players with a history of previous injury or reduced function in the ankle, knee, hamstring, or groin will prevent injuries. Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods A total of 508 players representing 31 teams were included in the study. A questionnaire indicating previous injury and/or reduced function as inclusion criteria was used to divide the players into high-risk (HR) (76%) and low-risk (LR) groups. The HR players were randomized individually into an HR intervention group or HR control group. Results A total of 505 injuries were reported, sustained by 56% of the players. The total injury incidence was a mean of 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5–3.9) in the LR control group, 5.3 (95% Cl, 4.6–6.0) in the HR control group ( P = .0001 vs the LR control group), and 4.9 (95% Cl, 4.3–5.6) in the HR intervention group ( P = .50 vs the HR control group). For the main outcome measure, the sum of injuries to the ankle, knee, hamstring, and groin, there was also a significantly lower injury risk in the LR control group compared with the 2 other groups, but no difference between the HR intervention group and the HR control group. Compliance with the training programs in the HR intervention group was poor, with only 27.5% in the ankle group, 29.2% in the knee group, 21.1% in the hamstring group, and 19.4% in the groin defined as having carried out the minimum recommended training volume. Conclusion The players with a significantly increased risk of injury were able to be identified through the use of a questionnaire, but player compliance with the training programs prescribed was low and any effect of the intervention on injury risk could not be detected.
Comparison of 3-Dimensional Obliquity and Anisometric Characteristics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Positions Using Surgical Navigation
Authors: Pearle Andrew D. , Shannon Fintan J. , Granchi Carinne , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Warren Russell F. 
Published: April 2008

Background Surgical navigation allows continuous intraoperative monitoring of ACL graft anisometry and 3-dimensional obliquity. However, normative anisometry and obliquity measurements for different single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament graft positions are not well described. Hypothesis ACL Grafts placed in anteromedial and posterolateral bundle positions will have distinct anisometric profiles and 3-dimensional obliquities. A graft placed centrally in anterior cruciate ligament insertion sites will have different obliquity and anisometry than a conventional (single-bundle) graft extending from the tibia's posterolateral aspect to the femur's anteromedial aspect. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Five cadaveric knees were tested. A surgical navigation system was used to create 4 virtual graft positions in the anterior cruciate ligament footprint: (1) anteromedial, (2) posterolateral, (3) central, and (4) posterolateral tibia to anteromedial femur (conventional). Obliquity at various flexion angles and anisometry of each virtual graft's central fiber were determined. Results Anteromedial and posterolateral fibers are relatively parallel up to 30° of flexion. At higher degrees of flexion, the anteromedial position is more oblique in the sagittal plane, while the posterolateral position is more oblique in the axial plane. The conventional single-bundle position is significantly more vertical than the central position in multiple planes throughout the range of motion. The anteromedial fiber is most isometric, while the posterolateral fiber is the least isometric at all flexion angles. There is no significant difference in the anisometry between the central or conventional positions at any flexion angle. The posterolateral, central, and conventional fibers were longest at full extension and slackened with progressive flexion. Conclusion Anteromedial and posterolateral graft positions can be distinguished by sagittal and axial plane obliquity at flexion angles >30° and by anisometry measurements. Conventional positioning produces a relatively vertical graft placement compared with the central position but has similar anisometry characteristics. Our data suggest that posterolateral, central, and conventional grafts should be fixed at or near full extension to avoid excessive tightening during motion. Clinical Relevance This study provides anisometry and 3-dimensional obliquity data for various graft positions using surgical navigation. The failure of single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to restore intact knee kinematics may be partly due to the relative vertical placement of conventional grafts compared with the central anterior cruciate ligament footprint position.
Torsion Equation in Anisotropic Elasto-Plastic Materials with Continuously Distributed Dislocations
Authors: Cleja-Tigoiu Sanda , Fortune Danielle , Vallee Claude 
Published: April 2008

Within the constitutive framework of finite elasto-plasticity we formulate compatibility conditions in a general problem, in which no potentiality condition for an invertible second-order tensor field F has been assumed, due to the signification of F to be a plastic distortion. In the problem the affine connection F, with vanishing Riemann curvature, is thought to be a plastic connection. Consequently, in order to ensure the existence of the continuously distributed dislocation, the Cartan torsion attached to the connection is supposed to be non-zero. The principal result concerns the compatibility conditions, which are viewed, for a given symmetric and positive definite tensor (the metric tensor), as partial differential equations for the torsion (defined in terms of the second-order torsion tensor). In our problem, the non-zero torsion is essential, while in finite elasticity the compatibility conditions are formulated in terms of zero torsion. The following implications of the theorem relative to the torsion, concerning the evolution equations for the pair of the plastic distortion and plastic connections, can be drawn: 1. only the evolution equation for the plastic metric has to be defined, because the torsion could be defined as a solution of the appropriate partial differential equations, within the approach to finite elastoplasticity with plastic connection having a zero fourth-order curvature tensor, 2. if no relationships between the plastic metric and (plastic) torsion have been imposed then the evolution equations could be defined for plastic distortion as well as for plastic connection.
Leukemogenic mechanisms and targets of a NUP98/HHEX fusion in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jankovic Dragana , Gorello Paolo , Liu Ting , Ehret Sabire , La Starza Roberta , Desjobert Cecile , Baty Florent , Brutsche Martin , Jayaraman Padma-Sheila , Santoro Alessandra , Mecucci Christina , Schwaller Juerg 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We have studied a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and t(10;11)(q23;p15) as the sole cytogenetic abnormality. Molecular analysis revealed a translocation involving nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) fused to the DNA-binding domain of the hematopoietically expressed homeobox gene (HHEX). Expression of NUP98/HHEX in murine bone marrow cells leads to aberrant self-renewal and a block in normal differentiation that depends on the integrity of the NUP98 GFLG repeats and the HHEX homeodomain. Transplantation of bone marrow cells expressing NUP98/HHEX leads to transplantable acute leukemia characterized by extensive infiltration of leukemic blasts expressing myeloid markers (Gr1+) as well as markers of the B-cell lineage (B220+). A latency period of 9 months and its clonal character suggest that NUP98/HHEX is necessary but not sufficient for disease induction. Expression of EGFP-NUP98/HHEX fusions showed a highly similar nuclear localization pattern as for other NUP98/homeodomain fusions, such as NUP98/HOXA9. Comparative gene expression profiling in primary bone marrow cells provided evidence for the presence of common targets in cells expressing NUP98/HOXA9 or NUP98/HHEX. Some of these genes (Hoxa5, Hoxa9, Flt3) are deregulated in NUP98/HHEX-induced murine leukemia as well as in human blasts carrying this fusion and might represent bona fide therapeutic targets.
CD4+CD25+ Treg cells inhibit human memory γδ T cells to produce IFN-γ in response to M tuberculosis antigen ESAT-6
Authors: Li Li , Wu Chang-You 
Published: April 2008

Abstractγδ T cells play an important role in innate immunity against infections; however, the regulation of these cells remains largely unknown. In the present study, we show that ESAT-6, an antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, induces IFN-γ secretion by human γδ T cells. In addition, ESAT-6 also induces the activation and proliferation of γδ T cells. Phenotypic analysis indicates that IFN-γ–producing γδ T cells are mainly effector memory cells with the surface phenotype of CD45RA−CD62L−CCR7−. These results were further confirmed by the fact that naive γδ T cells from cord blood did not produce IFN-γ in response to ESAT-6. Further studies indicated that stimulation with ESAT-6 directly induced purified γδ T cells to produce IFN-γ, independent of both antigen-presenting cells and CD4+ T cells. Unexpectedly, depletion of CD4+ T cells markedly enhanced IFN-γ production by γδ T cells, indicating that CD4+ T cells regulate the response of γδ T cells. Importantly, CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells but not CD4+CD25− T cells significantly inhibited IFN-γ production by γδ T cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that Treg cells can play an important role in the regulation of immune responses of antigen-specific human memory γδ T cells.
Longitudinal association of body mass index with lung function: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Thyagarajan Bharat , Jacobs David R , Apostol George G , Smith Lewis J , Jensen Robert L , Crapo Robert O , Barr R Graham , Lewis Cora E , Williams O Dale 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundLung function at the end of life depends on its peak and subsequent decline. Because obesity is epidemic in young adulthood, we quantified age-related changes in lung function relative to body mass index (BMI).MethodsThe Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study in 1985–86 (year 0) recruited 5,115 black and white men and women, aged 18–30. Spirometry testing was conducted at years 0, 2, 5 and 10. We estimated 10 year change in FVC, FEV1and FEV1/FVC according to baseline BMI and change in BMI within birth cohorts with initial average ages 20, 24, and 28 years, controlling for race, sex, smoking, asthma, physical activity, and alcohol consumption.Measurements and Main ResultsParticipants with baseline BMI < 21.3 kg/m2experienced 10 year increases of 71 ml in FVC and 60 ml in FEV1and neither measure declined through age 38. In contrast, participants with baseline BMI ≥ 26.4 kg/m2experienced 10 year decreases of 185 ml in FVC and 64 ml in FEV1. FEV1/FVC increased with increasing BMI. Weight gain was also associated with lung function. Those who gained the most weight over 10 years had the largest decrease in FVC, but FVC increased with weight gain in those initially thinnest. In contrast, FEV1decreased with increasing weight gain in all participants, with maximum decline in obese individuals who gained the most weight during the study.ConclusionAmong healthy young adults, increasing BMI in the initially thin participants was associated with increasing then stable lung function through age 38, but there were substantial lung function losses with higher and increasing fatness. These results suggest that the obesity epidemic threatens the lung health of the general population.
A new classification system for bacterial Rieske non-heme iron aromatic ring-hydroxylating oxygenases
Authors: Kweon Ohgew , Kim Seong-Jae , Baek Songjoon , Chae Jong-Chan , Adjei Michael D , Baek Dong-Heon , Kim Young-Chang , Cerniglia Carl E 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Rieske non-heme iron aromatic ring-hydroxylating oxygenases (RHOs) are multi-component enzyme systems that are remarkably diverse in bacteria isolated from diverse habitats. Since the first classification in 1990, there has been a need to devise a new classification scheme for these enzymes because many RHOs have been discovered, which do not belong to any group in the previous classification. Here, we present a scheme for classification of RHOs reflecting new sequence information and interactions between RHO enzyme components.

Result
We have analyzed a total of 130 RHO enzymes in which 25 well-characterized RHO enzymes were used as standards to test our hypothesis for the proposed classification system. From the sequence analysis of electron transport chain (ETC) components of the standard RHOs, we extracted classification keys that reflect not only the phylogenetic affiliation within each component but also relationship among components. Oxygenase components of standard RHOs were phylogenetically classified into 10 groups with the classification keys derived from ETC components. This phylogenetic classification scheme was converted to a new systematic classification consisting of 5 distinct types. The new classification system was statistically examined to justify its stability. Type I represents two-component RHO systems that consist of an oxygenase and an FNRC-type reductase. Type II contains other two-component RHO systems that consist of an oxygenase and an FNRN-type reductase. Type III represents a group of three-component RHO systems that consist of an oxygenase, a [2Fe-2S]-type ferredoxin and an FNRN-type reductase. Type IV represents another three-component systems that consist of oxygenase, [2Fe-2S]-type ferredoxin and GR-type reductase. Type V represents another different three-component systems that consist of an oxygenase, a [3Fe-4S]-type ferredoxin and a GR-type reductase.

Conclusion
The new classification system provides the following features. First, the new classification system analyzes RHO enzymes as a whole. RwithSecond, the new classification system is not static but responds dynamically to the growing pool of RHO enzymes. Third, our classification can be applied reliably to the classification of incomplete RHOs. Fourth, the classification has direct applicability to experimental work. Fifth, the system provides new insights into the evolution of RHO systems based on enzyme interaction.
Protein folding and conformational stress in microbial cells producing recombinant proteins: a host comparative overview
Authors: Gasser Brigitte , Saloheimo Markku , Rinas Ursula , Dragosits Martin , Rodríguez-Carmona Escarlata , Baumann Kristin , Giuliani Maria , Parrilli Ermenegilda , Branduardi Paola , Lang Christine , Porro Danilo , Ferrer Pau , Tutino Maria Luisa , Mattanovich Diethard , Villaverde Antonio 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Different species of microorganisms including yeasts, filamentous fungi and bacteria have been used in the past 25 years for the controlled production of foreign proteins of scientific, pharmacological or industrial interest. A major obstacle for protein production processes and a limit to overall success has been the abundance of misfolded polypeptides, which fail to reach their native conformation. The presence of misfolded or folding-reluctant protein species causes considerable stress in host cells. The characterization of such adverse conditions and the elicited cell responses have permitted to better understand the physiology and molecular biology of conformational stress. Therefore, microbial cell factories for recombinant protein production are depicted here as a source of knowledge that has considerably helped to picture the extremely rich landscape of in vivo protein folding, and the main cellular players of this complex process are described for the most important cell factories used for biotechnological purposes.
Hydrogenated fat diet intake during pregnancy and lactation modifies the PAI-1 gene expression in white adipose tissue of offspring in adult life
Authors: Pisani Luciana P , Oller do Nascimento Claudia M , Bueno Allain A , Biz Carolina , Albuquerque Kelse T , Ribeiro Eliane B , Oyama Lila M 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We examine whether feeding pregnant and lactating rats hydrogenated fats rich in trans fatty acids modifies the plasma lipid profiles and the expression of adipokines involved with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease in their 90-day-old offspring. Pregnant and lactating Wistar rats were fed with either a control diet (C group) or one enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat (T group). Upon weaning, the male pups were sorted into four groups: CC, mothers were receiving C and pups were kept on C; CT, mothers were receiving C and pups were fed with T; TT, mothers were receiving T and pups were kept on T; TC, mothers were receiving T and pups were fed with C. Pups' food intake and body weight were quantified weekly and the pups were killed at day 90 of life by decapitation. Blood and carcass as well as retroperitoneal, epididymal, and subcutaneous white adipose tissues were collected. Food intake and body weight were lower in TC and TT, and metabolic efficiency was reduced in TT. Offspring of TT and TC rats had increased white adipose tissue PAI-1 gene expression. Insulin receptor was higher in TT than other groups. Ingestion of hydrogenated vegetable fat by the mother during gestation and lactation could promote deleterious consequences, even after the withdrawal of the causal factor.
The Merendino procedure following preoperative imatinib mesylate for locally advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the esophagogastric junction
Authors: Staiger Wilko I , Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , Kaehler Georg , Schildhaus Hans Ulrich , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia , Schwarzbach Matthias HM , Hohenberger Peter 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) of the esophagogastric junction might pose a major problem to surgical resection. If locally advanced, extended or multivisceral resection with relevant procedural-specific morbidity and mortality is often necessary.

Case presentation
We report a case of a patient with a locally advanced GIST of the esophagogastric junction who was treated by transhiatal resection of the lower esophagus and gastric cardia with reconstruction by interposition of segment of the jejunum (Merendino procedure). Prior to resection, downsizing of the tumor had successfully been achieved by treatment with imatinib mesylate for six months. Histological proof of GIST by immunohistochemical expression of c-KIT and/or PDGF alpha Receptor is crucial to allow embarking on this treatment strategy.

Conclusion
A multimodal approach for an advanced GIST of the esophagogastric junction with preoperative administration of imatinib mesylate could avoid extended resection. The Merendino procedure might be considered as the reconstruction method of choice after resection of GIST at this location.
An integrated genetic, genomic and systems approach defines gene networks regulated by the interaction of light and carbon signaling pathways in Arabidopsis
Authors: Thum Karen E , Shin Michael J , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A , Mukherjee Indrani , Katari Manpreet S , Nero Damion , Shasha Dennis , Coruzzi Gloria M 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundLight and carbon are two important interacting signals affecting plant growth and development. The mechanism(s) and/or genes involved in sensing and/or mediating the signaling pathways involving these interactions are unknown. This study integrates genetic, genomic and systems approaches to identify a genetically perturbed gene network that is regulated by the interaction of carbon and light signaling in Arabidopsis.ResultsCarbon andlightinsensitive (cli) mutants were isolated. Microarray data fromcli186is analyzed to identify the genes, biological processes and gene networks affected by the integration of light and carbon pathways. Analysis of this data reveals 966 genes regulated by light and/or carbon signaling in wild-type. Incli186, 216 of these light/carbon regulated genes are misregulated in response to light and/or carbon treatments where 78% are misregulated in response to light and carbon interactions. Analysis of the gene lists show that genes in the biological processes "energy" and "metabolism" are over-represented among the 966 genes regulated by carbon and/or light in wild-type, and the 216 misregulated genes incli186. To understand connections among carbon and/or light regulated genes in wild-type and the misregulated genes incli186, the microarray data is interpreted in the context of metabolic and regulatory networks. The network created from the 966 light/carbon regulated genes in wild-type, reveals thatcli186is affected in the light and/or carbon regulation of a network of 60 connected genes, including six transcription factors. One transcription factor, HAT22 appears to be a regulatory "hub" in thecli186network as it shows regulatory connections linking a metabolic network of genes involved in "amino acid metabolism", "C-compound/carbohydrate metabolism" and "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis".ConclusionThe global misregulation of gene networks controlled by light and carbon signaling incli186indicates that it represents one of the first Arabidopsis mutants isolated that is specifically disrupted in the integration of both carbon and light signals to control the regulation of metabolic, developmental and regulatory genes. The network analysis of misregulated genes suggests thatCLI186acts to integrate light and carbon signaling interactions and is a master regulator connecting the regulation of a host of downstream metabolic and regulatory processes.
Histone deacetylase inhibition accelerates the early events of stem cell differentiation: transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis
Authors: Karantzali Efthimia , Schulz Herbert , Hummel Oliver , Hubner Norbert , Hatzopoulos AK , Kretsovali Androniki 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Background
Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression patterns affecting cell function and differentiation. In this report, we examine the role of histone acetylation in gene expression regulation in mouse embryonic stem cells employing transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis.

Results
Embryonic stem cells treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA), undergo morphological and gene expression changes indicative of differentiation. Gene profiling utilizing Affymetrix microarrays revealed the suppression of important pluripotency factors, including Nanog, a master regulator of stem cell identity, and the activation of differentiation-related genes. Transcriptional and epigenetic changes induced after 6-12 hours of TSA treatment mimic those that appear during embryoid body differentiation. We show here that the early steps of stem cell differentiation are marked by the enhancement of bulk activatory histone modifications. At the individual gene level, we found that transcriptional reprogramming triggered by histone deacetylase inhibition correlates with rapid changes in activating K4 trimethylation and repressive K27 trimethylation of histone H3. The establishment of H3K27 trimethylation is required for stable gene suppression whereas in its absence, genes can be reactivated upon TSA removal.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that inhibition of histone deacetylases accelerates the early events of differentiation by regulating the expression of pluripotency- and differentiation-associated genes in an opposite manner. This analysis provides information about genes that are important for embryonic stem cell function and the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate their expression.