bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Came First, the Chicken Device or the Textual Egg? Documentary Film and the Limits of the Hybrid Metaphor
Authors: Dorst John D. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Though hybridity is certainly a productive theoretical metaphor, there are limits to its usefulness. In our postmodern, "telectronic" culture, we are surrounded by examples of boundary confusion between text-generating devices and texts themselves. The organic metaphor of hybridity is of limited value in theorizing these conflations. This article considers examples of such collapse between text and "apparatus" in the documentary films of Errol Morris, particularly his "folklife" portrait of a small town in Florida.
The African Diaspora: Toward an Ethnography of Diasporic Identification
Authors: Gordon Edmund T. , Anderson Mark 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article offers an analysis of theoretical models developed around the concept of the African Diaspora. These models either concentrate on essential features common to various peoples of African descent or focus on diaspora as a condition of hybridity characterized by displacement and "dispersed identities." The authors, calling for ethnographic attention to processes of diasporic identification, argue for a shift in focus toward analysis of the processes through which individuals identify with one another as "Black" or "African."
Hybridity in New World Baroque Theory
Authors: Salgado César Augusto 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article surveys a genealogy of 20th-century writings on the cultural study of baroque art, literature, and architecture produced in Latin America during the colonial period. It explores the role that theorizing the hybrid plays in works by "neobaroque" authors like José Lezama Lima, Alejo Carpentier, and Severo Sarduy and how they define in their works a "New World baroque" aesthetic that is distinct from European sources. The article focuses on Lezama Lima’s influential contribution to the debate.
"He Can Read My Writing but He sho’ Can’t Read My Mind": Zora Neale Hurston’s Revenge in Mules and Men
Authors: Walters Keith 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis reading of Zora Neale Hurston’s Mules and Men considers the nature of oppositional discourse when the form of critique is a genre likely unrecognized and unappreciated by members of the majority culture and those trained in majority ways. Through an examination of the history of the book’s production and a close reading of its opening and final tale, this article examines Mules and Men as an ethnography of communication in the form of a trickster tale.
Heart and Soul: Glimpses of Ideology and Cosmology in the Iconography of Tombstones from the Loango Coast of Central Africa
Authors: Denbow James 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe tombstones found along the Congo coast incorporate complex ideographic images that layer and juxtapose elements of traditional belief with often contradictory and syncretic interpretations of Christianity. Some aspects of this process indicate a convergence of traditional and Christian symbolic imagery. Other elements are more problematic and suggest that even while active resistance to European political hegemony was taking place, contradictory European values and priorities were being internalized within the Congolese cognitive structure, resulting in a form of "cultural schizophrenia."
Never in Public: Women and Performance in Old Norse Literature
Authors: Borovsky Zoe 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn the medieval Icelandic family sagas, women as well as men gained and bestowed honor by performing verbally. While men’s performances took place in the official, public realm, women promoted and defended the honor of the household in the domestic, private realm. With the introduction of writing, the boundary between public and private was more strictly enforced, and women’s participation in the honor system became more restricted.
Tourists and Religion at Temple Square and Mission San Juan Capistrano
Authors: Bremer Thomas S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA comparative investigation of Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Mission San Juan Capistrano in southern California explores experience, authenticity, and authority at religious places that are also sites of intense tourist activity. This study of the Mormon holy site and the former Catholic mission established during the Spanish colonial era includes a contemplation of their respective strategies of allurement, proselytization efforts, economic exchange on the sites, efforts at preservation and restoration, ownership and control of these places, and official interpretations of their histories and meanings. It concludes by noting how the claims and counterclaims made at hybrid places of religion and tourism rely on the authority of experiences regarded as authentic.
Une ’Tite Poule Grasse ou la Fille Aînée [A Little Fat Chicken or the Eldest Daughter]: A Comparative Analysis of Cajun and Creole Mardi Gras Songs
Authors: Sexton Rocky L. , Oster Harry 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA common aspect of rural Louisiana Mardi Gras is the Courir du Mardi Gras (Mardi Gras Run), a begging quest in which a band of costumed merrymakers travel house-to-house to solicit donations of food and money to provision a communal feast. The songs associated with the Mardi Gras run fall into two broad categories: those derived from continental French and French Canadian drinking songs and others with origins in continental French and French Canadian begging songs. Both forms represent combinations of direct survivals of earlier song texts, slight modifications that occurred through generations of oral transmission, and significant changes introduced because of the desire to develop distinct local song variants.
Modeling of SPS apparatus: Temperature, current and strain distribution with no powders
Authors: Cincotti A. , Locci A. M. , Orrù R. , Cao G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe mathematical simulation of the spark plasma sintering/synthesis (SPS) apparatus, which represents an effective tool for sintering/synthesizing advanced materials, is addressed. Because several, concomitant physicochemical phenomena—such as heat transfer and generation, electric current transport, and stress–strain mechanics along with chemical transformation and sintering—take place during SPS processes, a step‐by‐step heuristic procedure is proposed for successful quantitative modeling purposes. First, in this work we consider the SPS behavior of specific sample configurations characterized by the absence of powders. This approach permits detailed analysis of the system from the perspective of electric phenomena. The inductive character is carefully described and properly taken into account when comparing experimental data with model results. The importance of considering rms (root mean squared) electric current for a quantitative determination of the Joule effect is highlighted. Moreover, this approach allows one to determine the electric and thermal resistances experimentally evidenced in the horizontal contacts between stainless steel electrodes and graphite spacers as functions of temperature and applied mechanical load. Horizontal contact resistances between graphite elements are experimentally found to be negligible and, accordingly, they are not modeled. Model reliability is tested by comparing numerical simulations with experimental data obtained at operating conditions far from those adopted during the fitting procedure of unknown parameters. The proposed model can be successfully compared from a quantitative perspective to the measured temperature, voltage, and displacement, once rms current, geometry, and mechanical load are set. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Genetic analysis of early holocene skeletal remains from Alaska and its implications for the settlement of the Americas
Authors: Kemp Brian M. , Malhi Ripan S. , McDonough John , Bolnick Deborah A. , Eshleman Jason A. , Rickards Olga , Martinez‐Labarga Cristina , Johnson John R. , Lorenz Joseph G. , Dixon E. James , Fifield Terence E. , Heaton Timothy H. , Worl Rosita , Smith David Glenn 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMitochondrial and Y‐chromosome DNA were analyzed from 10,300‐year‐old human remains excavated from On Your Knees Cave on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Site 49‐PET‐408). This individual's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) represents the founder haplotype of an additional subhaplogroup of haplogroup D that was brought to the Americas, demonstrating that widely held assumptions about the genetic composition of the earliest Americans are incorrect. The amount of diversity that has accumulated in the subhaplogroup over the past 10,300 years suggests that previous calibrations of the mtDNA clock may have underestimated the rate of molecular evolution. If substantiated, the dates of events based on these previous estimates are too old, which may explain the discordance between inferences based on genetic and archaeological evidence regarding the timing of the settlement of the Americas. In addition, this individual's Y‐chromosome belongs to haplogroup Q‐M3*, placing a minimum date of 10,300 years ago for the emergence of this haplogroup. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative dental maturity and associated skeletal maturity in prehistoric native Americans of the Ohio valley area
Authors: Sciulli Paul W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEstimation of age‐at‐death of subadults in prehistoric skeletal samples based on modern reference standards rests on a number of assumptions of which many are untestable. If these assumptions are not met error of unknown magnitude and direction will be introduced to the subadult age estimates. This situation suggests that an independent estimate or estimates of age‐related features, free of most of the assumptions made when using modern reference standards may be useful supplements in evaluating the age of subadults in prehistoric samples. The present study provides an internally consistent, population‐specific measure of maturity for prehistoric Ohio valley Native Americans based on the seriation of dental development that may be used as a supplement to age‐estimation. The developing dentition of 581 subadults from eight Ohio valley prehistoric–protohistoric groups was seriated within and among individuals resulting in a sequence of tooth development and a sequence of individuals from least to most mature. Dental maturity stages or sorting categories were then defined based on exclusive, easily observable, and highly repeatable tooth‐formation stages. Tooth eruption (into occlusion), bone lengths, and fusion of skeletal elements are summarized by dental maturity stage. This procedure provides maturity estimates for skeletal features ordered by dental maturity stages derived from the same sample thus making explicit the relationship between dental and skeletal maturity. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microevolution of African American dental morphology
Authors: Edgar Heather J.H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe African American (AA) gene pool is primarily the result of gene flow between two biologically disparate groups: West Africans (WA) and Americans of western European descent (EA). This research utilizes characteristics of dental morphology to trace genetic relationships among WA, western Europeans (EU), AA, and European Americans. Dental morphological traits are useful for this purpose because they are heritable, do not remodel during life (although they can be lost to wear or pathology), and can be compared equally among samples from past and present populations. The results of this research provide new information about human microevolution through time and space in a biocultural setting. The mean measure of divergence is used to analyze dental morphological data from 1,265 individuals in 25 samples grouped by ancestry and time. Three hypotheses associated with admixture in AA are tested. When compared with known history, results from dental morphological data are equivocal in documenting admixture in AA. Dental morphological traits do appear to reflect admixture in AA. However, changes in trait frequencies do not closely correspond with important cultural events and trends such as the institutionalized racism of the Civil War and Jim Crow era. Results are mixed concerning whether AA with greater admixture were more likely to take part in the Great Migration to southern urban centers and to the North. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptin in a lean population of Filipino adolescents
Authors: Kuzawa Christopher W. , Quinn Elizabeth A. , Adair Linda S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTo clarify the role of leptin as a signal of energy status in humans, this study investigated the relationship of leptin to measures of body composition, maturity, and lifestyle factors in a lean sample of 293 male and 303 female Filipino adolescents (age 14–16 years). Participants were selected from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, a representative birth cohort study begun in 1983. Using IOTF criteria, the prevalence of overweight (2.2%) and obesity (0.3%) were extremely low, and leptin levels were among the lowest reported in any healthy population (mean: 0.78 and 3.57 ng/dl in males and females). As expected, adiposity was the strongest predictor of leptin, with triceps skinfold explaining 40.2 and 30.6% of leptin variance in males and females. In females, subscapular skinfold was a significant predictor of leptin independent of triceps, while no anthropometric measure predicted leptin independent of triceps in males. There were few relationships between lifestyle factors and leptin independent of adiposity. In males, leptin levels varied little across most of the triceps distribution, suggesting that the leptin‐adipose regulatory system is sensitive to very small changes in leptin in lean populations, at least among males. These findings add to the small but growing list of studies documenting differences in leptin biology among chronically lean populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase morphology development during processing of compatibilized and uncompatibilized PBT/ABS blends
Authors: Canto L. B. , Mantovani G. L. , Covas J. A. , Hage E. , Pessan L. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe development of the multiphase morphology of uncompatibilized blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer (ABS) and PBT/ABS blends compatibilized with methyl‐methacrylate glycidyl‐methacrylate (MMA‐GMA) reactive copolymers during compounding in a twin‐screw extruder and subsequent injection molding was investigated. Uncompatibilized PBT/ABS 60/40 (wt %) and compatibilized PBT/ABS/MMA‐GMA with 2 and 5 wt % of MMA‐GMA showed refined cocontinuous morphologies at the front end of the extruder, which coarsened towards the extruder outlet. Coarsening in uncompatibilized PBT/ABS blends is much more pronounced than in the compatibilized PBT/ABS/MMA‐GMA equivalents and decreases with increasing amounts of the MMA‐GMA. For both systems, significant refinement on the phase morphology was found to occur after the blends pass through the extruder die. This phenomenon was correlated to the capacity of the die in promoting particles break‐up due to the extra elongational stresses developed at the matrix entrance. Injection molding induces coarsening of the ABS domains in the case of uncompatibilized PBT/ABS blends, while the reactive blend kept its refined phase morphology. Therefore, the compatibilization process of PBT/ABS/MMA‐GMA blends take place progressively leading to a further refinement of the phase morphology in the latter steps, owing to the slow reaction rate relative to epoxide functions and the carboxyl/hydroxyl groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 102–110, 2007
Soy protein adhesion enhanced by glutaraldehyde crosslink
Authors: Wang Ying , Mo X. , Sun X. Susan , Wang Donghai 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSoy protein has been considered as an alternative to partly replace petroleum‐based polymers for adhesive applications. The weakness of protein‐based adhesive is poor water resistance, which limits its outdoor applications. The objective of this research was to improve the water resistance of soy protein adhesive by introducing crosslinkage between amino groups of amino acid residue. Laboratory prepared soy protein isolate (SPI) was used in this study. Glutaraldehyde at concentrations of 4, 20, 40, and 80 μM was used as the crosslinking reagent for SPI modification. Adhesive properties of soy protein modified by glutaraldehyde, as well as thermal and morphological properties, were investigated. Crosslinking‐induced protein conformation and structure changes through decrease of amino groups and adding of hydrophobic groups, subsequently affect adhesive performance of SPI. At optimum glutaraldehyde concentration (20 μM), dry, wet, and soak strengths of modified SPI increased to 31.5, 115, and 29.7%, respectively, compared with unmodified SPI. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 130–136, 2007
Melt flow properties of starch‐filled linear low density polyethylene: Effect of photoinitiators
Authors: Bagheri R. , Naimian F. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThree series of the processed linear low density polyethylene samples containing: 0–15 wt % corn starch, 0.5 wt % of a photoinitiator (PI), and 5 wt % corn starch + 0.5 wt % of a PI were prepared using an internal mixer at 170°C for 5 min in a closed system. The melt flow index (MFI) and apparent viscosity (μa) of each sample were measured. The presence of starch in the samples decreased the MFI and increased the apparent viscosity. Increase in the starch concentration has a direct relation to both the MFI and the μa at various shear rates. A slight decrease in the MFI and the μa was observed due to the presence of the PIs in the samples. This was enhanced by the presence of the starch in the samples. Carbonyl group formation showed an increase in the samples containing the PIs. This was also enhanced by the presence of the starch in the samples. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 178–182, 2007
Properties of poly(AAc‐co‐HPMA‐cl‐EGDMA) hydrogel‐bound lipase ofPseudomonas aeruginosaMTCC‐4713 and its use in synthesis of methyl acrylate
Authors: Singh Kanwar Shamsher , Lal Verma Madan , Maheshwari Chanchal , Chauhan Sandeep , Singh Chimni Swapandeep , Singh Chauhan Ghansham 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMicrobial lipases (E.C. 3.1.1.3) are preferred biocatalysts for the synthesis of esters in organic solvents. Various extracellular thermoalkaliphilic lipases have been reported fromPseudomonassp. In the present study, a purified alkaline thermoalkalophilic extracellular lipase ofPseudomonas aeruginosaMTCC‐4713 was efficiently immobilized onto a synthetic poly(AAc‐co‐HPMA‐cl‐EGDMA) hydrogel by adsorption and the bound lipase was evaluated for its hydrolytic potential towards variousp‐nitrophenyl acyl esters varying in their C‐chain lengths. The bound lipase showed optimal hydrolytic activity towardsp‐nitrophenyl palmitate (p‐NPP) at pH 8.5 and temperature 45°C. The hydrolytic activity of the hydrogel‐bound lipase was markedly enhanced by the presence of Hg2+, Fe3+, and NHsalt ions in that order. The hydrogel‐immobilized lipase (25 mg) was used to perform esterification in variousn‐alkane(s) that resulted in ∼ 84.9 mMof methyl acrylate at 45°C inn‐heptane under shaking (120 rpm) after 6 h, when methanol and acrylic acid were used in a ratio of 100 mM:100 mM, respectively. Addition of a molecular sieve (3Å × 1.5 mm) to the reaction system at a concentration of 100 mg/reaction vol (1 mL) resulted in a moderate enhancement in conversion of reactants into methyl acrylate (85.6 mM). During the repetitive esterification under optimum conditions, the hydrogel‐bound lipase produced 71.3 mMof ester after 10th cycle of reuse. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 183–191, 2007
Polyelectrolyte CASA hydrogels for uptake of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Karadağ Erdener , Üzüm Ömer Barış , Kundakci Semiha , Saraydin Dursun 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this study, uranyl ion adsorption from aqueous solutions has been investigated by chemically crosslinked acrylamide/sodium acrylate (CASA) hydrogels. Adsorption studies were investigated by the spectroscopic method. CASA hydrogels with various compositions were prepared from ternary mixtures of acrylamide (A), sodium acrylate (SA), and water by free radical polymerization in aqueous solution, using multifunctional crosslinkers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Uranyl ion adsorption from aqueous solutions was studied by the batch sorption technique at 25°C. The effect of uranyl ion concentration and mass of adsorbent on the uranyl ion adsorption were examined. In experiments of sorption, L‐type sorption in the Giles classification system was found. Some binding parameters, such as initial binding constant (Ki), equilibrium constant (K), monolayer coverage (n), site‐size (u), and maximum fractional occupancy (Ô) for the CASA hydrogel–uranyl ion binding system, were calculated using the Langmuir linearization method. Finally, the amount of sorbed uranyl ion per gram of dry hydrogel (q) was calculated to be 4.44 × 10−4–14.86 × 10−4 mol uranyl ion per gram for CASA hydrogels. Adsorption of uranyl ion (percentage) was changed within a range of 12.86–46.71%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 200–204, 2007
Microcomposite electrochemical capacitor: Electrocoating of poly[N‐(hydroxymethyl)carbazole] onto carbon fiber, surface morphology, spectroscopic surface characterization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Sarac A. Sezai , Parlak Elif Altürk , Serhatlı Ersin , Çakır Tuba 
Published: January 2007

AbstractN‐(Hydroxymethyl)carbazole (MeOHCz) was electrocoated on carbon fiber micro electrodes (diameter ∼ 7 μm) in different solvents by cyclovoltammetric method as thin film (0.17–2.73 μm). Surface characterization of electrocoated poly[N‐(hydroxymethyl)carbazole] of carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) was performed by reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Capacitor behavior of modified CFME was studied by electrochemical impedance spectrometry. The deposition rate of polymer growth affected the redox parameters of resulting coated CFME. The solvent effect on the redox and capacitor behavior of poly[N‐(hydroxymethyl)carbazole] (PMeOHCz)‐coated CFME was investigated, and electroactivity in acetonitrile (ACN) was the highest among the investigated solvents. On the other hand, the electrocoated polymer exhibited the faster charge/discharge process in propylene carbonate (PC). PMeOHCz thin film was very stable up to 1000 mV/s in ACN, PC, and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 238–246, 2007
Influence of pigment properties on UV‐curing efficiency
Authors: Macarie Lavinia , Ilia Gheorghe 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe curable formulations containing monomer‐diacrylate, photoinitiator‐p‐methoxybenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide/benzyldimethylketal, additive reactive‐triethylamine, and inorganic thermoresistant pigments‐white, red, green, and blue were cured by UV exposure films. A series of experiments was carried out to investigate the relationship between the particle size distribution of the inorganic pigment and the colorimetric and mechanical properties of the UV acrylic curable coatings. Pendulum hardness and appearance of the films depend on the content and particle size distribution of the pigment. Optimal particle size distribution and pigment content were established to obtain the best films concerning their pendulum hardness and chromatic parameters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 247–252, 2007