bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insufficient milk supply among black and white breast‐feeding mothers
Authors: Hill Pamela D. , Aldag Jean C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether ethnicity is associated with insufficient milk supply (IMS) among breast‐feeding mothers. A major reason reported by mothers for early termination or introduction of formula and/or solids is insufficient milk. A retrospective survey was conducted among 42 black and 148 white breast‐feeding mothers participating in the WIC program in a midwestern state. The results suggested that: (1) the incidence of IMS was similar for black and white mothers; (2) controlling for education, black mothers initiated breast‐feeding later and stopped sooner; IMS mothers fed less frequently and for shorter periods; and (3) controlling for education, there were no ethnic differences in the determinants or indicators of IMS. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Caregiving tasks as predictors of mental health of wife caregivers of men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Cossette Sylvie , Lévesque Louise 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe type, number, and amount of disturbance generated by caregiving tasks as well as the adequacy of informal social support were examined as predictors of the mental health of 89 wife caregivers of men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The number of supervision tasks performed was predictive of all the mental health outcomes except one. When disturbance level was examined, giving emotional support in difficult situations was the task category that predicted five of the eight outcomes. Support variables accounted for small amounts of variance of most outcomes. However, caregivers who received respite support when they needed it were actually three times more likely to take psychotropic drugs than those not receiving support. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The confidence of latina mothers in the care of their low birth weight infants
Authors: Zahr Lina Kurdahi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe growing numbers of Latina mothers with low birth weight (LBW) infants in U. S. hospitals prompted an investigation of maternal confidence and caretaking ability in this group. A sample of 54 Mexican‐born, Latina mothers with LBW infants was compared with a group of 25 who had full‐term infants. Unexpectedly, there was no significant difference in the perceived maternal confidence of the two groups. Behaviors indicative of sensitivity and competence in caretaking, assessed in mothers with LBW infants, did not correlate with maternal confidence. Factors correlated with maternal confidence and caretaking behavior were the mother's age, education, and parity, as well as the infant's birthweight, weight at discharge, and medical complications. Weight at discharge correlated with caretaking behaviors. The strongest predictor of maternal confidence was parity, followed by infant health (fewer medical complications). These factors together accounted for 25% of the variance in confidence, suggesting that other factors that contribute to maternal confidence of Latina mothers need to be identified. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Factors influencing home care nursing problems and nursing care
Authors: Helberg June L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the contributions of sociodemographic factors, medical conditions, and nursing dependency to nursing problems identified and nursing care provided to patients during a home care nursing visit. Patient interviews, direct observation of nursing care, record abstraction, and nurses' reports were used to obtain data from 438 patients receiving nursing visits from a certified home health agency. Nursing dependency was the strongest predictor of the nursing problems of and nursing care provided to home care patients. Measures of nursing dependency should be incorporated in models to determine the extent of nursing problems and nursing care provided in the home and in models of home care nursing reimbursement. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Maternal–fetal attachment: Influence of mother–daughter and husband–wife relationships
Authors: Zachariah Rachel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIntergenerational attachment relationships between the pregnant woman and her mother, her husband, and her fetus were examined. Self‐completed instruments were used to measure the attachment variables for a convenience sample of 115 middle‐class mothers who attended urban prenatal classes. Results supported the hypothesis that mother–daughter and husband–wife attachment were correlated positively. Contrary to study predictions, maternal–fetal attachment scores were not related to mother–daughter and husband–wife attachment scores. Maternal–fetal attachment was related to length of gestation. Results provide only partial support for the intergenerational model of attachment relationships.
Psychometric properties of the driving practices questionnaire: Assessment of risky driving
Authors: Kidd Pamela , Huddleston Sandra 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA national public health goal is to reduce injuries and deaths from motor vehicle crashes (MVC). The development and psychometric evaluation of the 10‐item Driving Practices Questionnaire (DPQ) to measure risky driving is described. Based on responses from 297 drivers divided into safe, unsafe, and injured groups, the DPQ was evaluated using item and factor analysis, and reliability and validity measures. Principal axis factor analysis isolated one factor with 42.3% of the variance explained. The alpha coefficient for the scale was .87 and test–retest correlation was .94. High DPQ scorers were three times more likely to have prior traffic violations. The identification of driver subtypes will assist the testing of injury prevention interventions.
Retaining army nurses: A longitudinal model
Authors: Kocher Kathryn M. , Thomas George W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA longitudinal sample of active duty Army nurses working in a broad range of nursing specialties and settings was analyzed for retention behavior. A turnover model of actual retention behavior, estimated using logistic regression, included external market, personal/demographic, and work‐related variables as explanatory factors. Satisfaction with work and military life, satisfaction with location/assignment stability, race–ethnic group, and family status had significant effects on the retention of Army junior nurse‐officers.
Focus on psychometrics use of health records in research: Reliability and validity issues
Authors: Aaronson Lauren S. , Burman Mary E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractData extracted from health records are commonly used in studies to address a variety of questions raised by health researchers. However, concern about the reliability and validity of such data generally is limited to an assessment of interrater reliability. Less attention has been paid to the reliability of the health record itself, and to the validity of both the health record and the data extracted from it. This article reviews the distinctions and overlaps among these types of reliability and validity and the factors that influence the validity and reliability of research data obtained from health records. Recommendations to investigators who use health record data in their research projects are offered.
Living with mental illness: Effects of professional support and personal control on caregiver burden
Authors: Reinhard Susan C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFamilies of mentally ill persons often report feeling burdened, helpless, and ignored by mental health professionals. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among professional support, caregivers' personal sense of control, and burden. Ninety‐four caregivers rated support received in 11 areas, perceptions of control, and objective and subjective burdens. General well‐being measures included a depression scale (CES–D) and self‐reported physical health. Controlling for the relative's disruptive behaviors and selected caregiver characteristics, hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that professional support selectively reduced burden. Practical advice on managing disruptive behaviors reduced objective burden (adjusted R2 = .16, p < .001; R2 increment = .04, p < .05), in part by enhancing personal control.
Alternate oucher form testing: Gender, ethnicity, and age variations
Authors: Jordan‐Marsh Maryalice , Yoder Laurie , Hall Deon , Watson Robin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was part of a project to improve pain assessment and management for a multiethnic group of children. Based on its visual appeal for the clinical team, the Oucher was selected for trial. A reduced size and shortened screening technique were introduced. Children (N = 79) aged 3 to 12 years were randomly assigned to use the original or a reduced‐size Oucher first. Scale scores were highly correlated regardless of size or presentation order. There were no differences attributable to age, gender, or ethnicity (Black, White, Hispanic). There is preliminary support for using the more convenient size and screening process.
Validity and reliability testing of the prenatal psychosocial profile
Authors: Curry Mary Ann , Campbell Ruth Ann , Christian Megan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo studies of low‐income pregnant women (N = 179) were done to examine the validity and reliability of the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP). The PPP, a composite of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, the Support Behaviors Inventory, and a newly developed measure of stress, is a brief, comprehensive clinical assessment of psychosocial risk during pregnancy. Construct validity of the stress scale was supported by theoretically predicted negative correlations with self‐esteem, partner support, and support from others (N = 91). Convergent validity of the stress scale was demonstrated by a correlation of .71 with the Difficult Life Circumstances Scale. Adequate levels of internal consistency were found. Interrelationships between the four sub‐scales were consistent with the underlying conceptualization, and there was beginning evidence of the factorial independence of the subscales.
Psychometric properties of two instruments to measure quality decision making
Authors: Hollen Patricia J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe results of testing two instruments for consequential decision making are reported: a screening instrument, the Decision Making Quality Scale (DMQS), which assesses the degree to which a person adheres to seven quality criteria of decision making; and a diagnostic measure, the Decision Making Quality Inventory (DMQI), which assesses an individual's dominant decision‐making style through six sequential stages of the process. The instruments are conceptually linked through the same theoretical framework, the Janis and Mann (1977) conflict model of decision making, as well as operationally linked as counterpart instruments. Feasibility of the instruments was demonstrated with low readability indexes, reasonable administration times, and respondent acceptability by six samples (N = 766). Content validity was supported by panels of experts in decision theory. Reliability coefficients were consistently high (>.70) for all samples. Support for construct validity was obtained using the contrasted groups approach and relationship testing. The instruments are ready for research and clinical use with healthy adolescents and their parents, as well as with adolescents and young adults who have experienced a chronic illness such as cancer and with their parents.
Epilepsy self‐management: Partial replication and extension
Authors: Dilorio Colleen , Faherty Barbara 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the association between selected social cognitive variables and self‐management behaviors among a sample of adults with epilepsy. The study, based on Social Cognitive Theory, was a partial replication and extension of a previous study that explored the role of self‐efficacy and social support in epilepsy self‐management. The variables examined in the present study were self‐efficacy, social support, regimen‐specific support, self‐esteem, and self‐management. Data collected from 80 adults attending an epilepsy clinic were analyzed using correlation and regression procedures. Statistically significant relationships were found between self‐efficacy and self‐management and between regimen‐specific support and self‐management. Regression analyses revealed that self‐efficacy and regimen‐specific support made significant contributions to the variance in self‐management, whereas social support and self‐esteem did not.
Early outcomes after hip fracture among women discharged home and to nursing homes
Authors: Williams Margaret A. , Oberst Marilyn T. , Bjorklund Barry C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn a prospective design, early outcomes after hip fracture were compared in three groups of formerly community‐living women: those discharged home from the hospital (n = 58), those discharged to a nursing home (NH) and staying there ≤ 1 month (n = 23), and those staying > 1 month (n = 39). Data were collected on mobility and mood states prior to hospital discharge and at 2,8, and 14 weeks. Overall recovery ratings were obtained at the latter three times; readiness for discharge from hospital and nursing home also was examined. The short‐stay group did as well in regaining mobility as the home‐discharge group and both rated their overall recovery similarly. Affective mood distress was associated with discharge destination site. The short‐stay NH group had a greater proportionate lack of designated caregivers than either of the other two groups. Research is needed to identify features of nursing homes as well as characteristics of patients that contribute to positive outcomes in the large number of hip fracture patients currently discharged to these institutions.
A comparative analysis of coping behaviors in persons with multiple sclerosis or a spinal cord injury
Authors: Wineman N. Margaret , Durand Ellen J. , Steiner Richard P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCoping behaviors in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) or a spinal cord injury (SCI) were compared. Data were collected on 433 subjects with MS and 257 with SCI. Coping and illness uncertainty were measured by the Ways of Coping Checklist (revised) and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale. Results of the multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that there was no significant difference between the groups for the use of emotion‐focused coping (EFC) or problem‐focused coping (PFC). However, there was a significant difference in coping depending on illness uncertainty and the appraisal of life with a disability. Subjects used more EFC at high uncertainty and more PFC at no uncertainty compared to the other levels. When situations were appraised as dangerous, EFC was used more often, and when situations were appraised as an opportunity, PFC was used. The construct of vulnerability emerged as an important antecedent variable. When vulnerability was not included in the analysis, a spurious difference in EFC was found between the groups. Multiple regression results indicated that, for both groups, the choice of coping strategies had no significant effect in explaining emotional well‐being while controlling for selected sociodemographic and disability‐related variables.
A longitudinal model of maternal self‐efficacy, depression, and difficult temperament during toddlerhood
Authors: Gross Deborah , Conrad Barbara , Fogg Louis , Wothke Werner 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test a model of maternal self‐efficacy during toddlerhood using a longitudinal sequential design. Participants were 126 mothers of 1‐year olds (Cohort 1) and 126 mothers of 2‐year olds (Cohort 2) who completed questionnaires measuring maternal self‐efficacy, depression, and perceived difficult toddler temperament three times over 1 year. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and maximum likelihood estimation. Findings support a model whereby (a) the more depressed the mother feels, the more likely she is to rate her toddler's temperament as difficult, (b) the more difficult the child's temperament is perceived to be, the lower the mother's estimates of her parenting self‐efficacy, (c) the lower the mother's self‐efficacy, the greater her depression, and (d) the more depressed the mother feels at one point in time, the more likely she is to remain depressed 6 months later. Implications of the findings are discussed as they relate to self‐efficacy theory and nursing intervention with parents of difficult toddlers.
Protective strategies of lesbian clients in health care environments
Authors: Stevens Patricia E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this triangulated, feminist narrative study, a multiethnic, socioeconomically diverse sample of 45 lesbians recounted their actions in health care in a total of 332 health care stories. Findings of a multistaged narrative analysis suggest that lesbians experience compounded vulnerability in health care environments. A repertoire of protective strategies intended to meet needs for safety characterized their actions in health care, including: rallying support, screening providers, seeking mirrors of one's experience, maintaining vigilance, controlling information, bringing a witness, challenging mistreatment, and escaping danger. Implications for theory and practice are drawn from these results.
Focus on psychometrics. A controversy in scaling of subjective states: Magnitude estimation versus category rating methods
Authors: Wills Celia E. , Moore Colleen F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMeasurement issues surrounding the quantification of subjective states such as sensations and attitudes have received increasing attention in nursing in recent years. It has sometimes been argued that magnitude estimation (ME) procedures are superior to category rating (CR) methods for scaling of subjective states which require judgments of intensity or strength of perception. A critique of the two scaling methods is presented. In contrast to arguments first proposed by Stevens and others for the superiority of ME procedures and the ability to attain “direct” ratio level measurement with ME scaling, there is evidence to suggest that ME procedures do not in fact produce ratio level scales. The “characteristic” exponents associated with ME scaling are not necessarily intrinsic to particular subjective states. CR scales neither necessarily constrain nor lack the requisite sensitivity needed to produce valid responses. It is concluded that ME is not necessarily superior to the commonly used CR method for scaling of subjective states in nursing research. Implications of the controversy for selection of scaling methods for nursing research are discussed. Greater attention to the ordinal or rank‐order properties of data is encouraged. A small set of data is used to illustrate the importance of rank order properties in scaling subjective states in nursing.
The impact of posthospital home care on patients with cancer
Authors: McCorkle Ruth , Jepson Christopher , Malone Dolores , Buhler‐Wilkerson Karen , Lusk Edward , Braitman Leonard , Daly John 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSymptom distress, mental health status, enforced social dependency and health perceptions were measured in two groups of cancer patients, one receiving home care services (n = 49) and the other receiving no such services (n = 11). Data were obtained at hospital discharge and 3 months later. Patients receiving home care demonstrated statistically significant improvement on mental health and social dependency; patients not receiving home care did not improve on any variable. After controlling for baseline scores, the home care group had significantly higher mental health status at the second interview than the no home care group.
Gender, relationships, and crack cocaine: A content analysis
Authors: Henderson Dorothy J. , Boyd Carol , Mieczkowski Thomas 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPast research has indicated gender differences among narcotic users that have implications for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse; however, little is known about these differences among crack cocaine users. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to compare the relational context of male and female crack cocaine use. Data from open‐ended, structured interviews with 46 predominantly African–American women (n = 23) and men (n = 23) were compared using manifest content analysis. Women were more likely to begin, use and/or maintain their use of crack in the context of more intimate opposite sex relationships, while men were more likely to begin their use with male friends and associates and to maintain drug use with income from jobs and selling drugs. Overall, relationships (both sexual and familial) were a more prominent aspect of crack use for women while entrepreneurship was more salient for men. These findings suggest the need for gender‐sensitive prevention and treatment strategies.
Depressive symptomatology and smoking among persons with diabetes
Authors: Haire‐Joshu Debra , Heady Susan , Thomas Leela , Schechtman Kenneth , Fisher Edwin B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether (a) symptoms of depression are more prevalent and severe among diabetic smokers than diabetic nonsmokers, (b) smoking is related to depressive symptomatology among diabetic patients, and (c) there is a positive relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and severity of depressive symptoms. Diabetic non‐smokers (n = 103) and diabetic smokers (n = 83) were surveyed regarding symptoms of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Depressive symptomatology was more prevalent and severe among smokers than nonsmokers. Smoking was significantly associated with depressive symptomatology. Among smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was independently associated with cognitive symptoms of depression.
Mode of acquiring aids and nurses' intention to provide care
Authors: Cole Frank L. , Slocumb Elaine M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe intention of 322 staff nurses to provide care to male patients who acquired AIDS either through sexual activity with males, sexual activity with females, sharing needles, or a blood transfusion was examined. For each mode of acquiring AIDS, respondents indicated their intent to perform 11 care‐giving behaviors, whether they were comfortable performing the behaviors, and if they felt in danger by performing the behaviors. No statistically significant differences related to mode of acquiring AIDS were found in nurses' intention to provide care. Comfort was the only significant predictor of intent to provide care.
Focus on qualitative methods. Notes on Transcription
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe ontology of the transcript is both realist and constructed. There is a theory and ethic implicit in the transcription process. Transcripts are accurate and useful to the extent that the researcher understands their constructed reality, the need to be selective concerning what about the interview event must be preserved, the potential uses for transcripts that will influence the selection process, and the need for a consistent notation system.