bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differing effects of microtubule depolymerizing and stabilizing chemotherapeutic agents on t-SNARE–mediated apical targeting of prostate-specific membrane antigen
Authors: Christiansen Jason J. , Weimbs Thomas , Bander Neil , Rajasekaran Ayyappan K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractProstate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a protein up-regulated in the vast majority of prostate cancers. Antibodies to PSMA have proved highly specific for prostate cancer cells, and the therapeutic potential of such antibodies is currently being assessed in clinical trials. We have previously shown that PSMA at the cell surface of polarized epithelial cells is predominantly expressed at the apical plasma membrane and that microtubule depolymerization abolishes apical PSMA targeting. In the current report, we implicate a functional role for a target membrane soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptor protein receptor, syntaxin 3, in the microtubule-dependent apical targeting of PSMA. PSMA and syntaxin 3 are similarly localized to the apical plasma membrane of the prostatic epithelium and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Introduction of a point mutation into syntaxin 3 abolishes its polarized distribution and causes PSMA to be targeted in a nonpolarized fashion. Additionally, treatment of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells with vinblastine, a microtubule depolymerizing chemotherapeutic agent, causes both syntaxin 3 and PSMA to redistribute in a nonpolarized fashion. However, following treatment with the microtubule stabilizing chemotherapeutic agent Taxotere, both syntaxin 3 and PSMA continue to localize in a polarized manner at the apical plasma membrane. Thus, microtubule depolymerizing and stabilizing chemotherapeutic drugs might exact similar cytotoxic effects but have disparate effects on protein targeting. This phenomenon might have important clinical implication, especially related to antibody-mediated immunotherapy, and could potentially be exploited for therapeutic benefit. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(10):2468–73]
Sensitization of B16 tumor cells with a CXCR4 antagonist increases the efficacy of immunotherapy for established lung metastases
Authors: Lee Chih-hung , Kakinuma Takashi , Wang Julia , Zhang Hong , Palmer Douglas C. , Restifo Nicholas P. , Hwang Sam T. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by tumor cells promotes metastasis, possibly by activating prosurvival signals that render cancer cells resistant to immune attack. Inhibition of CXCR4 with a peptide antagonist, T22, blocks metastatic implantation of CXCR4-transduced B16 (CXCR4-luc-B16) melanoma cells in lung, but not the outgrowth of established metastases, raising the question of how T22 can best be used in a clinical setting. Herein, whereas the treatment of CXCR4-luc-B16 cells in vitro with the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12 did not reduce killing induced by cisplatin or cyclophosphamide, CXCL12 markedly reduced Fas-dependent killing by gp100-specific (pmel-1) CD8+ T cells. T22 pretreatment restored sensitivity of CXCR4-luc-B16 cells to pmel-1 killing, even in the presence of CXCL12. Two immune-augmenting regimens were used in combination with T22 to treat experimental lung metastases. First, low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment (100 mg/kg) on day 5 in combination with T22 (days 4–7) yielded a ∼70% reduction of B16 metastatic tumor burden in the lungs compared with cyclophosphamide treatment alone (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, whereas anti–CTL antigen 4 (CTLA4) monoclonal antibody (mAb; or T22 treatment) alone had little effect on established B16 metastases, pretreatment with T22 (in combination with anti-CTLA4 mAb) resulted in a 50% reduction in lung tumor burden (P = 0.02). Thus, in vitro, CXCR4 antagonism with T22 renders B16 cells susceptible to killing by antigen-specific T cells. In vivo, T22 synergizes with cyclophosphamide or anti-CTLA4 mAb in the treatment of established lung metastases, suggesting a novel strategy for augmenting the efficacy of immunotherapy. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(10):2592–9]
How Open Should the Door Be? – Declarations by non-States Parties under Article 12(3) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Freeland Steven 
Published: October 2006

AbstractArticle 12(3) of the Rome Statute provides a mechanism for a non-State Party to accept the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court by lodging a declaration with the Registrar. In doing so, that State agrees to take on obligations of cooperation with the Court that it would otherwise not be under. There have already been declarations lodged by two States and the possibility exists that this mechanism may be utilized more frequently than had been originally envisaged. Yet, the procedures that have followed these two declarations have taken different paths, with one situation being the subject of judicial scrutiny at an early juncture while the other remains at the preliminary evaluation stage without any judicial involvement. These differences are not wholly explained by the different factual circumstances, but are also due to the uncertain language in the legal texts. This article discusses the ambiguities that surround the declaration mechanism under the terms of the Statute and the other legal texts, focusing in particular on the procedural questions that arise from the lodging of a declaration as well as the scope to which the non-State Party can restrict the terms of a declaration. Although it would be preferable to address these ambiguities by way of amendment to the texts, this might not be a politically acceptable approach at this early stage in the Court's activities. This article therefore offers some suggestions as to how to deal with the uncertainties within the Statute as they relate to the declaration mechanism on the basis of the existing provisions.
Cervical Carotid Revascularization: The Case for Carotid Angioplasty with Stenting
Authors: Hanel Ricardo A. , Levy Elad I. , Hopkins L. Nelson 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
CAROTID ARTERY ANGIOPLASTY with or without stent placement has evolved as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy, particularly for those patients in whom carotid endarterectomy is associated with a higher risk of complications. This article summarizes the selection criteria for participation in and the results of several carotid intervention trials, reviews the relative indications and limitations for both surgical and endovascular revascularization approaches, and describes the technique for and results associated with carotid stenting. The discussion is presented from the vantage of neurosurgeons who are experienced in both revascularization approaches.
Recent Steps Toward A Reconstructive Endovascular Solution for the Orphaned, Complex-Neck Aneurysm
Authors: Nelson Peter K. , Sahlein Daniel , Shapiro Maksim , Becske Tibor , Fitzsimmons Brian-Fred , Huang Paul , Jafar Jafar J. , Levy David I. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
The purposes of this article are to summarize recent developments and concerns in endovascular aneurysm therapy leading to the adjunctive use of endoluminal devices, to review the published literature on stent-supported coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms, and to describe our experience with this technique in a limited subgroup of problematic complex aneurysms over a medium-term follow-up period.

METHODS:
Between January 2003 and June 2004, 28 individuals among 157 patients with cerebral aneurysms we evaluated were identified as harboring aneurysms with exceptionally broad necks. Out of these 28 patients, 16 were treated with a combination of stents and detachable coils, preserving the parent artery. Recorded data included patient demographics, the clinical presentation, aneurysm location and characteristics, procedural details, and clinical and angiographic outcome.

RESULTS:
Over an 18-month period, 16 patients with large cerebral aneurysms additionally characterized by neck sizes between 7 and 14 mm were treated, using combined coil embolization of the aneurysm with stent reconstruction of the aneurysm neck. Thirteen out of the 16 aneurysms were occluded at angiographic reevaluation between 11 and 24 months (mean angiographic follow-up, 17.5 mo). There were no treatment-related deaths or clinically evident neurological complications. Thirteen patients experienced excellent clinical outcomes, with good outcomes in two patients and a poor visual outcome in one patient (mean clinical follow-up, 29 mo). A single technical complication occurred, involving transient nonocclusive stent-associated thrombus, which was treated uneventfully with abciximab.

CONCLUSION:
Stent-supported coil embolization of large, complex-neck cerebral aneurysms seems to provide superior medium-term anatomic reconstruction of the parent artery compared with historic series of aneurysms treated exclusively with endosaccular coils. In the near future, increasingly sophisticated endoluminal devices offering higher coverage of the neck defect will likely enable more definitive endovascular treatment of complex cerebral aneurysms and further expand our ability to manipulate the vascular biology of the parent artery.
Endovascular Management of Acute Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Veznedaroglu Erol , Levy Elad I. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Acute ischemic stroke has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, affecting approximately 700,000 people annually. With the recent technological advancements in endovascular devices, clinicians now have tools capable of recanalizing acute intracranial occlusions. The combination of pharmacological thrombolysis and mechanical clot perturbation may result in increased rates of angiographic recanalization, which may lead to improvement in patient outcomes after acute stroke.

METHODS:
In this article, the various intra-arterial pharmacological and mechanical therapies used by interventionists to treat acute stroke are described. Strategies for using combinations of these therapies are discussed, as are preliminary radiographic and clinical outcomes. Techniques for complex mechanical stroke interventions are discussed in detail.

RESULTS:
Several advances in endovascular stroke technologies are becoming increasingly available.

CONCLUSION:
With proper patient selection, these therapies may lead to increased recanalization rates and better patient outcomes.
The surgical use of ultrasound in otolaryngology
Authors: Giancarlo Hector R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA 20‐year review of literature was done in order to compile effects of destructive ultrasound for surgical use in Otolaryngology. The physics of ultrasound were reviewed briefly highlighting the various methods of producing ultrasound. Various ultrasonic apparatus is discussed and the practical value of one compared to the other was evaluated. Histopathological studies that have been done by various international authors was tabulated and the effects of this type of energy was noted in various anatomical structures, that is, the inner ear, the pituitary gland, and laryngeal tissues. A correlation was attempted between clinical results seen in patients operated on with the use of this energy and histopathological findings seen in laboratory animals. Finally, a statistical study was compiled from the world literature as to the results of the use of ultrasound in the various surgical procedures used in Otolaryngology.
Management of pharyngoesophagostoma
Authors: Aviles Enero 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRestoration of pharyngoesophageal continuity after resection of the base of the tongue, laryngopharynx and cervical esophagus, may be a multiple stage method of reconstruction and, therefore, time consuming. A case is reported, a new one‐stage method is illustrated, and different types of operations are revised.
Defensive chronic ear surgery
Authors: Kinney Sam E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe surgery for chronic ear disease has been modified in recent years because of the advances that have been made in neuro‐otologic surgery including improvement in equipment and surgical techniques. There have been significant advances in the treatment of the acute phase of the inflammatory diseases of the middle ear and mastoid; however, there still remains a significant group of patients that require surgical correction of inflammatory disease of the middle ear and mastoid.A defensive approach to chronic ear surgery has been developed. This includes a proper preoperative evaluation of the patient's middle ear or mastoid problem with office microscopic examination of the ear and proper radiographic and audiologic studies.Surgical techniques include all the aspects of neuro‐otologic surgery including an excellent otologic drill and suction irrigation. The point is made that careful defensive chronic ear surgery is best done with blunt instruments to avoid injury to soft tissue structures.A systematic approach to the removal of the disease from the ear is presented including the defensive approach of expecting complications and making preparations to avoid injuries as a result of these complications. This includes positive identification of the facial nerve, identification of labyrinthine fistulas, and cholesteatoma involvement of the posterior and middle fossa.Two cases are presented to illustrate how this defensive approach to chronic ear surgery may allow systemic resolution of very difficult chronic ear problems with preservation of neurologic and labyrinthine function.
Pseudoglottis procedure: Update and secondary reconstruction techniques
Authors: Sisson George A. , Goldman Michael E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince our first report of 12 cases in 1977, we have added 37 cases and continue to modify our primary procedure for the reconstruction of a pseudoglottis after total laryngectomy. It has been and continues to be applied to a growing number of patients. We have also introduced a procedure modified after Staffieri for the secondary reconstruction of a pseudoglottis after total laryngectomy. A review of our cases reveals that a high percentage have achieved a good voice. Complications and problems continue and are further examined in this report. The current techniques and indications for the secondary reconstruction procedures are discussed. Even with the continuing problems, we believe that the use of Staffieri techniques or modifications thereof continues to be promising and may well become an accepted procedure in American laryngeal surgery.
DNA and its synthesis in individual tumor cells from human upper respiratory tract squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Holm Lars‐Erik , Jakobsson Per , Killander Dick , Silpverswärd Claes , Wersäll Jan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMeasurements of cytophotometric Feulgen DNA content and incorporation of 2H‐thymidine were made in individual tumor cells from 58 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head‐neck region. These measurements were correlated with a point ranking system for pathological grading for these types of tumors. Two of the parameters of the grading system, mode of invasion and nuclear polymorphism which had been found to be important factors in prognosis in clinical studies were correlated to the objective cellular DNA measurements.In 40 carcinomas, 10 were found to have a predominantly diploid distribution of DNA values, while the remaining 30 tumor values were either multiples of diploid or were aneuploid. Generally, tumors with low point rankings for individual morphological parameters tended to have diploid DNA values. Those tumors with higher DNA values usually had larger point rankings and more advanced clinical stage.When tumor cells from biopsies of 39 patients were studied by 2H‐thymidine incorporation, no relevant connections between the labeling index and cellular DNA amounts, malignancy grading, or clinical stage were found.
Leiomyoma of the maxilla — Report of a case
Authors: Mechlin David C. , Hamasaki Chalmers K. , Moore James R. , Davis William E. , Templer Jerry 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLeiomyoma is a rare tumor in this location. It probably arises from the tunica media of blood vessels. Electron microscopy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Local excision of the lesion is adequate treatment.
The non‐value of preoperative and intraoperative cultures in predicting the bacteriology of subsequent wound infection in patients undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Becker Gary D. , Parell G. Joseph , Busch David P. , Finegold Sydney M. , Acquarelli Mario J. , Citron Diane M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA prospective study of patients undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery was undertaken to define the value of preoperative and intraoperative cultures in identifying the patient at “high risk” of wound infection and in predicting the bacteriology of wound infection.One or two days before surgery, the skin of the operative site on the neck, the oropharynx and anterior nares were swabbed. An intraoperative wound culture was obtained after the pharyngeal defect was closed and the wound irrigated with water. All cultures were processed for aerobes in the Anaerobic Bacteriology Research Laboratory at Wadsworth Hospital Center.Wound infections developed in 10 of 31 patients who received cefazolin prophylactically and 21 of 25 patients who received no perioperative antibiotics. Fifty‐five percent of infected patients and 68% of noninfected patients demonstrated potential pathogens preoperatively. A potential pathogen isolated preoperatively or intraoperatively was subsequently recovered from 35% of infected wounds. The majority of infected wound cultures grew one or more additional pathogens. A poor correlation was also noted between preoperative nasal Staphylococcus aureus isolation and subsequent recovery from wound infections.We conclude that preoperative and intraoperative aerobic wound cultures are not predictive of the “high risk” patient or of the bacteriology of subsequent wound infection in major head and neck cancer surgery.
A protocol for combined treatment of cancer of the oral cavity and tongue
Authors: Yarington C. Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA protocol for combined treatment of carcinoma of the oral cavity and tongue as practiced at the Mason Clinic for the past five years is presented. This protocol combines surgery with postoperative radiation therapy, and the initial results are presented. Comparison of the results at this institution at the one, three, and five year level for tongue, oral, and pharyngeal cancer compared to other peer group reporting rates, as surveyed by the Commission on Cancer Audit of the American College of Surgeons, indicates that our results compare favorably to those of other institutions. Apparent increase in local control, a probable increased cure rate, together with marked decrease in hospital time and multiplestaged procedures are noted. Disseminated distal metastasis has not been a major problem and is discussed.
Cephalic phycomycosis: A report of eight cases
Authors: Maniglia Anthony J. , Mintz Daniel H. , Novak Steve 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPhycomycosis is the preferred terminology to define a fungal disease which may be devastating and fatal. It is caused by a nonseptate hyphae, class phycomycetes and genus (Rhizopus, Mucor, Absidia). Phycomycosis in man is usually associated with debilitating diseases such as: diabetes mellitus, leukemia and immunosuppressive conditions. The cephalic phycomycosis has two forms: 1. rhinoorbital cerebral which may be fatal, and 2. rhino‐parnnasal sinuses form which usually has a benign clinical course.From 1943 to 1967, only 45 cases of the cephalic form were described with a mortality rate of 50%. Since then several series have been added to the literature with improved survival, probably due to the addition of amphotericin B to the therapy. Even with modern therapy, the mortality rate is still about 30%. Modern technology C.T. scan is very helpful to establish orbital and intracranial extension. When intracranial involvement is present, the prognosis is dismal. Our series of 8 patients is reported.
Mortality for Time-Sensitive Conditions at Urban vs Rural Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jiang H. Joanna , Henke Rachel M. , Fingar Kathryn R. , Liang Lan , Agniel Denis 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceCOVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions to the health care system may have resulted in increased mortality for patients with time-sensitive conditions.ObjectiveTo examine whether in-hospital mortality in hospitalizations not related to COVID-19 (non–COVID-19 stays) for time-sensitive conditions changed during the pandemic and how it varied by hospital urban vs rural location.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was an interrupted time-series analysis to assess in-hospital mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 8, 2020, to December 31, 2021) compared with the prepandemic period (January 1, 2017, to March 7, 2020) overall, by month, and by community COVID-19 transmission level for adult discharges from 3813 US hospitals in the State Inpatient Databases for the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.ExposureThe COVID-19 pandemic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome measure was in-hospital mortality among non–COVID-19 stays for 6 time-sensitive medical conditions: acute myocardial infarction, hip fracture, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pneumonia, sepsis, and stroke. Entropy weights were used to align patient characteristics in the 2 time periods by age, sex, and comorbidities.ResultsThere were 18 601 925 hospitalizations; 50.3% of patients were male, 38.5% were aged 18 to 64 years, 45.0% were aged 65 to 84 years, and 16.4% were 85 years or older for the selected time-sensitive medical conditions from 2017 through 2021. The odds of in-hospital mortality for sepsis increased 27% from the prepandemic to the pandemic periods at urban hospitals (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.25-1.29) and 35% at rural hospitals (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.30-1.40). In-hospital mortality for pneumonia had similar increases at urban (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.42-1.54) and rural (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.36-1.57) hospitals. Increases in mortality for these 2 conditions showed a dose-response association with the community COVID-19 level (low vs high COVID-19 burden) for both rural (sepsis: 22% vs 54%; pneumonia: 30% vs 66%) and urban (sepsis: 16% vs 28%; pneumonia: 34% vs 61%) hospitals. The odds of mortality for acute myocardial infarction increased 9% (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12) at urban hospitals and was responsive to the community COVID-19 level. There were significant increases in mortality for hip fracture at rural hospitals (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14-1.53) and for gastrointestinal hemorrhage at urban hospitals (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09-1.21). No significant change was found in mortality for stroke overall.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, in-hospital mortality for time-sensitive conditions increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mobilizing strategies tailored to the different needs of urban and rural hospitals may help reduce the likelihood of excess deaths during future public health crises.