bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FK506 promotes liver regeneration by suppressing natural killer cell activity
Authors: TAMURA FUSAKO , MASUHARA ASAAKI , SAKAIDA ISAO , FUKUMOTO ETSUO , NAKAMURA TOSHIKAZU , OKITA KIWAMU 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe examined the mechanism of promotion of liver regeneration by tacrolimus hydrate (FK506), a potent immunosuppressant, after partial hepatectomy. The administration of FK506 significantly increased the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling index at 36 and 48 h after 70% hepatectomy compared with the placebo group. Using the same model, we examined the effect of FK506 on the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and found no changes in HGF and TGF‐β1 mRNA expression in the liver or in the HGF protein concentration in plasma. We found that pretreatment with FK506 markedly reduced the activity and number of liver‐resident natural killer (NK) cells at the time of partial hepatectomy. Our observations suggest that the promotion of liver regeneration by FK506 may be attributable to a reduction in the number of liver‐resident NK cells and to inhibition of their activity.
Isolation and primary culture of rat Kupffer cells
Authors: OLYNYK JOHN K , CLARKE SHARON L 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to describe a reproducible method for the isolation, purification and primary culture of rat Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells were isolated following sequential pronase/collagenase digestion of the liver and enrichment of a non‐parenchymal cell fraction by a single‐density gradient centrifugation step using 30% metrizamide. Kupffer cells were isolated and further purified from this cell fraction by centrifugal elutriation. Kupffer cells were isolated at 1017 g at 48–110 mL/min. All Kupffer cell fractions exhibited phagocytosis of 3 μm latex beads. Kupffer cell fractions isolated at 48 and 60 mL/min were predominantly ED2 negative while later fractions (80–110 mL/min) were ED2 positive. Kupffer cells were adherent in culture after 2 h. This method for Kupffer cell isolation resulted in a yield of 80–120 times 106 Kupffer cells per liver.
Non‐specificity of messenger RNA of α‐fetoprotein in peripheral blood in detecting early spread of hepatocellular carcinoma in black Africans
Authors: KEDDA MARY‐ANNE , KEW MICHAEL C , SKELTON MICHELLE , HODKINSON JOHN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAwareness of early spread of hepatocellular carcinoma is crucial in selecting patients for surgical intervention. α‐Fetoprotein is widely used as a serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Our aim was to evaluate the specificity of α‐fetoprotein‐mRNA transcription in cells in the peripheral blood for diagnosing early spread of hepatocellular carcinoma in black Africans. α‐Fetoprotein‐, albumin‐ and prothrombin‐mRNA were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. α‐Fetoprotein‐mRNA was shown in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 53% (35/66) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, but also in 45% (10/22) of healthy blacks, 64% (14/22) of black patients with acute hepatitis, 55% (11/20) of those with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis and 75% (9/12) of those with hepatic metastases (from a number of primary sites). Specificity of albumin‐ and prothrombin‐mRNA was better than that of α‐fetoprotein‐mRNA, although the sensitivity was reduced. The corresponding prevalence of albumin‐mRNA for each group of patients or controls was 30% (20/66), 9% (2/22), 41% (9/22), 10% (2/20), and 17% (2/12), respectively, and for prothrombin‐mRNA 27% (18/66), 4.5% (1/22), 27% (6/22), 20% (4/20) and 17% (2/12), respectively. We conclude that the non‐specificity of α‐fetoprotein‐mRNA transcription in peripheral blood in recognizing malignant hepatocytes in the circulation severely limits its usefulness in diagnosing the early spread of hepatocellular carcinoma in black Africans.
Effects of the anti‐ICAM‐1 monoclonal antibody on dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis in rats
Authors: TANIGUCHI TAKAO , TSUKADA HIDEAKI , NAKAMURA HIROSHI , KODAMA MASANOBU , FUKUDA KAZUHITO , SAITO TATSUHIKO , MIYASAKA MASAYUKI , SEINO YUTAKA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIncreased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) in the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported. We evaluated the effects of monoclonal antibodies to ICAM‐1 on acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in rats. Colitis was induced by feeding rats 3% DSS for 7 days. Anti‐ICAM‐1 antibody or vehicle alone was injected intraperitoneally in rats daily from day 0 to day 6. On day 7 the rats were killed and colitis was evaluated histologically. Prophylactic treatment with anti‐ICAM‐1 significantly attenuated colonic damage, neutrophil infiltration and the shortening of the colon in DSS colitis. Our findings demonstrate that ICAM‐1 plays an important role in this model of inflammatory bowel disease. Although this study does not directly address the effect of anti‐ICAM‐1 therapy in IBD, our findings encourage experiments using therapies that target ICAM‐1 in rats with already developed disease.
Growth Characteristics of Preschool Aboriginal Children
Authors: COX J. W. 
Published: March 2008

Cox, J. W. (1979). Aust. Paediatr. J., 15, 10–15. Growth characteristics of preschool Aboriginal children. Many Australian Aborigines appear small for age when they start attending school. The growth records of over 500 Aboriginal children born since 1970 and living on five Aboriginal communities in Cape York, Queensland are analysed. For the first two to three months of life, the Aborigines appear to have similar measurements for weight and head circumference as British children. Growth retardation occurring at 3 to 12 months of age is partially compensated by a “catch‐up” spurt during the following 1–2 years. This does not fully compensate for the check during the critical period of head growth and the resultant mean head circumference remains below the British average.It seems that the small head circumference and light weight, characteristic of the Aboriginal school child is primarily attributable to growth failure and is not a racial characteristic.
Nutritional Studies During Early Childhood Incidental III. Observations of Temperament, Habits, and Experiences of III‐Health
Authors: BOULTON T. J. C. , ROWLEY M. P. 
Published: March 2008

Boulton, T. J. C. and Rowley. M. P. (1979). Aust. Paediatr. J., 15, 87–90. Nutritional studies during early childhood. III. Incidental observations of temperament, habits, and experiences of ill‐health. The mothers of 391 normal 3‐month‐old and 266 one‐year‐old babies were asked standard questions about their child's motor activity, sleeping, and thumb‐sucking habits, and whether the child had had colic, regurgitant vomiting, or an episode of ill‐health during infancy. By one year 36.5% of the mothers considered their babies to be very active, compared to only 4% considering them placid. At 3 months of age 20% of babies were waking at least once a night, and significant ethnic differences were present, with babies of Itaiian‐born parents waking more frequently.Colic was reported in 40% of babies, occurring frequently in 24.5%. It occurred slightly more frequently in babies of mothers with higher educational attainment, and in first‐born. Fifty‐nine percent of the babies had no episode of ill‐health, or only one or more episodes of upper respiratory infection. Prevalence figures are reported for wheezing episodes, bronchitis and vomiting with diarrhoea.
Prepubertal Cyclophosphamide Therapy and Gonadal Dysfunction. A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: ALFILER CARMELO A. 
Published: March 2008

Alfiler, C. A. (1979) Aust. Paediatr, J., 15, 120–122. Prepubertal cyclophosphamide therapy and gonadal dysfunction: A case report. Hypogonadism in a 17‐year‐old boy who received cyclophosphamide at the age of 8 years is described. He had nephrotic syndrome with focal sclerosing glomerulopathy. He received cyclophosphamide for 96 days, total dose of 7200 mg or 240 mg/kg, which is less than 3 mg/kg/day.It is suggested that his hypogonadism is a direct result of cyclophosphamide therapy. The response of the prepubertal gonad to this drug appears to be highly variable.
Adolescents in Hospital
Authors: REDDIHOUGH DINAH S. , COURT J. M. 
Published: March 2008

Reddihough, Dinah S. and Court, J. M. (1979).
Aust. Paediatr. J.
15, 170–172 Adolescents in Hospital. A study was undertaken to explore the needs of adolescents cared for in a large children's hospital. A questionnaire was given to one hundred teenaged patients, and time was also spent in discussion with them. Problems perceived by the adolescent patient in a children's hospital included disturbance at night by younger children, inadequate provision for secondary schooling, inadequate privacy, inappropriate meal times and insufficient recreational activities. Teenagers wanted a suitably furnished room set aside for recreation and also expressed need for opportunity to discuss their illness and treatment with staff.It is concluded that there should be greater awareness of the needs of adolescents in hospitals originally designed for younger children, and that even quite minor changes in ward design and hospital routine could meet these needs.
The Intellectually Handicapped Mother and Her Child
Authors: HOCKEY ATHEL , BAIN JILL 
Published: March 2008

Hockey, Athel, and Bain, Jill (1979).
Aust. Paediatr. J., 15, 173–176. The intellectually handicapped mother and her child. This paper presents information on the intellectually handicapped mother with regard to numbers, mode of ascertainment, diagnosis, intelligence, number of children born, intelligence and outcome for the child. It assesses the role of genetic counselling and its limitations in this field. It defines the most appropriate form early intervention for the offspring to offset or prevent handicaps. Cases are used to illustrate and discuss the effect of assortive mating: the difficulty of defining risk to a person, herself affected, and of expecting a reasoned decision; joint plans to follow up and assist in the care of the children by Child Health Services and the Division for the Intellectually Handicapped.Reasons are given for the conclusion that an eugenic approach is inappropriate here. Instead, genetic counselling and family planning, with practical training in child rearing are the main resources.
Hormonal profile of puberty in South Australian children I
Authors: PENFOLD J. L. , BOULTON T. J. C. , THOMSETT M. J. , HARVEY G. , CROMPTON S. E. , VIMPANI A. , PREECE M.A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) concentrations in 118 boys aged 8 to 17.9 years were related to chronological age (CA), bone age (BA), genital development (G1–5+), pubic hair development (PH1–5 +) and mean testicular volume (MTV).A progressive rise in serum FSH, LH and T was noted in relation to CA, BA and all pubertal parameters studied.FSH showed an approximate twofold increase, LH an eight to tenfold increase and T a fourfold increase from pre‐puberty through to full adult maturity.The FSH/LH ratio decreased with advancing CA, BA and pubertal development.
Hormonal profile of puberty in South Australian children II
Authors: PENFOLD J. L. , BOULTON T. J. C. , THOMSETT M. J. , HARVEY G. , CROMPTON S. E. , VIMPANI A. , PREECE M. A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and oestradiol (E2) concentrations in 117 girls aged 8 to 17.9 years were related to chronological age (CA), bone age (BA), breast development (B1–5+) and pubic hair development (PH1–5+).A progressive rise in serum LH and E2 was noted in relation to CA, BA and pubertal development. Serum FSH levels reached a peak in mid‐puberty and fell thereafter.The FSH/LH ratio decreased with advancing CA and BA.In comparing the data in girls (Part II) with that in boys (Part I) serum FSH and LH levels began to rise earlier in girls and were generally higher than levels seen in boys throughout puberty. Similarly, an earlier rise in serum E2 in girls compared with T in boys supported the concept of an earlier activation of the female gonad.
Bacterial infection in preterm infants during xanthine therapy for idiopathic apnoea of prematurity
Authors: BARR PETER A. , O'LOUGHLIN EDWARD V. , ANDERSON DONALD G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThree preterm infants who acquired systemic bacterial infection during xanthine derivative therapy for idiopathic apnoea of prematurity are described. Apnoea, despite therapeutic serum levels of theophylline, was the presenting symptom of infection in two of the infants. Apnoea did not develop in the third infant, despite co‐existent hyponatraemia and intraventricular haemorrhage, though sepsis was diagnosed from other signs. All three infants, including one with Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis, responded rapidly to antimicrobial therapy and survived. An increase in the frequency and/or severity of apnoea in a preterm infant being treated with xanthines should alert the physician to symptomatic apnoea such as that associated with bacterial infection. Conversely, the development of symptomatic apnoea may be suppressed by concurrent xanthine derivative therapy for idiopathic apnoea of prematurity.
Neonatal mortality and cerebral palsy: the impact of neonatal intensive care
Authors: STANLEY FIONA J. , HOBBS M. S. T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.Neonatal deaths and cases of cerebral palsy amongst West Australian infants born between 1968–75 were analysed by birthweight and in relation to other factors. Both mortality and cerebral palsy incidence fell over time. Male rates fell selectively more than those for females.A shift in the birthweight distribution of total live births to heavier babies accounted for 22% of the fall in neonatal mortality, and 56% of the fall in cerebral palsy incidence over this time. Although selective changes in the maternal age and parity of mothers delivering occurred, they were responsible for only a small per cent of the falls in either neonatal mortality or cerebral palsy. Other parameters of improved maternal health contributing to the falls could not be ascertained. Maternal age and parity are still strongly associated with mortality. Cerebral palsy incidence was not associated with age, but was markedly higher at the high parities.The most important findings related to neonatal mortality and cerebral palsy rates by birthweight. Neonatal mortality improved in all weight groups, only slightly more in the low, compared with the high birthweight babies. Cerebral palsy incidence however, improved most markedly in the heavier babies and thus those of low birthweight contributed relatively more to the cerebral palsy population recently than before neonatal intensive care was introduced. Thus the impact of neonatal intensive care on the low birthweight population in Western Australia has been mainly in terms of neonatal mortality. Other factors besides intensive care have obviously contributed to the observed falls in both mortality and cerebral palsy.
Hexachlorophene preparations and the newborn infant
Authors: PLUECKHAHN VERNON D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.The various incidences of staphylococcal skin disease recorded in 43876 newborn infants nursed in the maternity wing of the Geelong Hospital between January 1959 and June 1979 are given. Of these infants, 39270 underwent routine skin cleansing or care with one or other of three differing hexachlorophene preparations. The benefits and possible risks, if any, of the topical use of such hexachlorophene preparations as prophylactic aids against staphylococcal cross infection in maternity hospitals are discussed, and compared with the various blood hexachlorophene concentrations which occurred in 1100 infants during their routine skin cleansing or care.
A cost‐benefit analysis of videotape teaching in paediatrics.
Authors: PEARN JOHN , NIXON JAMES 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.A cost‐benefit analysis of medical videotape teaching is reported. Two colour videotapes, used in teaching a seg‐ment of tropical paediatrics, have been prepared for this study, using a minimum budget, but with accurate costing. Anonymous appraisal forms have been used to quantify perceived benefit. Current minimum costs for a completed standard half‐hour teaching tape are $48 per minute, or $31 per minute if the medical producer's time is not costed. Perceived worth by consumers (audience of medical subjects either undergraduate or postgraduate) does not exceed a median of $2 per subject per teaching tape. (The basic cost reference unit, a loaf of bread, cost 50 cents at the time of this study). These current estimates indicate that a medical videotape has to be shown to over 2,000 students to justify expense; if programmes become obsolete within three years, then a tape must be shown to at least 800 students a year, to justify expenses. Indiscriminate use of videotapes should be tempered by anonymous consumer appraisal studies, especially where producers are teaching captive audiences.
Respiratory allergy in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Van ASPEREN PETER P. , MELLIS CRAIG M. , SOUTH RAYMOND T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.Allergen skin testing has been used to define allergy in cystic fibrosis. The incidence and significance of allergy, particularly the presence of co‐existent asthma, remains controversial. We performed allergen skin prick tests on 78 children with C.F. and most had measurement of pulmonary function: Fifteen of those with positive skin tests and fifteen with negative skin reactions were selected for further analysis. Although we confirmed that there was a higher incidence (42%) of positive tests in the C.F. population than in a general population, the allergen distribution was different from that seen in asthma, with a much higher incidence of reactions to moulds. This probably represents passage of allergens through damaged bronchial mucosa rather than a genetically inherited atopic tendency. There was no correlation between positive allergen skin tests and objective evidence of asthma. We conclude that allergen skin tests are an unreliable guide to the presence of co‐existent asthma in children with C.F.
Kawasaki disease in Melbourne. A report of eleven cases.
Authors: NEWTON‐JOHN H. F. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTEleven children with Kawasaki disease were seen in a single Melbourne Hospital, all but one within a five‐year period. There is at present no confirmatory laboratory test for the disease, the diagnosis of which is based on clinical criteria alone. The finding that most cases had respiratory involvement strengthened the view that Kawasaki disease and infantile periarteritis nodosa (IPN) are identical, a conclusion supported by all the clinical and pathological data currently available. It is possible that immunological abnormalities found in these cases could provide a basis for a future diagnostic test for the disease.
Gastric perforation associated with indomethacin therapy in a pre‐term infant.
Authors: GRAY PETER H. , PEMBERTON PATRICK J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.This is a case report of a pre‐term infant who developed a gastric perforation fifteen hours after receiving oral indomethacin treatment for the pharmacological closure of a patent ductus arteriosus. This observation of a possible causal relationship between indomethacin and gastric perforation reaffirms the need for caution when using this drug in pre‐term infants.
Urinary β2 microglobulin in the newborn
Authors: DAWSON K. P. , YEOMAN D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT. Twelve full‐term, healthy newborn infants had daily urinary β2 microglobulin, albumin and creatinine levels measured during the first five days of life.A marked elevation in urinary β2 microglobulin was demonstrated. There was a marked variation from day to day with a range of 20–11,000μg/l. The relatively steady creatinine and albumin excretion levels suggest there is a true increased excretion of β2 microglobulin in the neonatal period with a tendency for the excretion rate to rise during the first five days of life.
The relationship between intrauterine and postnatal growth on the subsequent psychomotor development of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants
Authors: TUDEHOPE DAVID I. , BURNS YVONNE , O'CALLAGHAN MICHAEL , MOHAY HEATHER , SILCOCK ANNE 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between intrauterine and postnatal growth and subsequent neurological and intellectual development of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.The effect of intrauterine growth was assessed by comparing the developmental outcomes of the 131 appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) infants with the 33 small for gestational age (SGA) infants. No significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to head circumference, neurological, intellectual or sensory handicap rates. The mean General Quotient (GQ) at the last clinic assessment for the AGA infants was 101.2 and 97.2 for the SGA infants.The effect of extra‐uterine growth on subsequent development was assessed in the AGA and SGA infants separately, at the time of discharge and again at 12 months. The 31 AGA infants who failed to grow adequately in the nursery had more neonatal risk factors than the 100 AGA infants who continued to grow adequately after birth. This early postnatal growth failure was not predictive of developmental outcome. At 12 months of age, 26 infants (20%) who were initially appropriately grown at birth were failing to thrive. These infants had sustained more chronic diseases and caretaking disorders in the first year of life than their appropriately grown counterparts. They also had lower GQ and head circumference measurements (p<.05).The SGA infants who exhibited “catch up'’growth between birth and term had larger head circumference measurements at 1 year than those with persistent growth failure. Growth assessment at 12 months of age was not predictive of developmental outcome in SGA infants.We failed to show a relationship between intrauterine growth of VLBW infants and their subsequent development. AGA infants whose weights had dropped to the 3rd percentile by 12 months of age had a poorer outcome than their appropriately grown counterparts. Furthermore, early postnatal growth failure before term had no additional effects if catch up growth occurred thereafter. In the SGA group neither failure to reach the 3rd percentile by term or 12 months affected outcome.
Clumsy children: a prognostic study
Authors: KNUCKEY NEVILLE W. , GUBBAY SASSON S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT. Twenty‐four clumsy children of whom 13 had matched controls were reappraised eight years after their original assessment. The findings indicate that developmental clumsiness generally has a favourable prognosis. Mild and moderate degrees of clumsiness improved to normality, but severe degrees of clumsiness had a less favourable outcome only in regard to motor proficiencies. Clumsiness seemed not to have bearing, either on social class or on the subsequent pursuit of sporting activities. Although there was a lower level of academic achievement in the clumsy children, who also chose careers which were less manually exacting, these observations did not reach statistical significance.Maturational lag might be the aetiology in mild developmental clumsiness, whereas structural lesions involving the cerebral cortex may be present in more severely afflicted children. These findings should be considered when counselling clumsy children, both academically and vocationally.
Primary hypomagnesaemia: Case report
Authors: ARNOLD J. D. , OLDFIELD R. K. , POLLARD A. C. , SILINK M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT.A patient with primary hypomagnesaemia is presented. The condition is associated with abnormal magnesium absorption from the small bowel.The duodenal mucosal magnesium content in this patient was estimated and was normal. This has implications about the pathophysiological basis of the defect which are discussed.