bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meniscal damage associated with cruciate disease in the dog
Authors: Bennett D. , May C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPathology of the menisci was evaluated in 87 consecutive cases of cruciate disease in the dog. Lesions were recorded in 43 cases (49 per cent) and only the medial meniscus was affected. The commonest lesion was a folding of the caudal horn of the medial meniscus with its displacement between the medial femoral and tibial condyles (19 cases). Other lesions were single or multiple longitudinal tears (14 cases) in which four showed the classical ‘bucket handle’ appearance, fibrillation/tearing of the femoral surface (four cases), axial fringe tears (three cases) and transverse tears (three cases). The meniscal lesions were treated by a partial meniscectomy at the time of the cruciate surgery. Meniscectomy had no untoward effect on the postoperative recovery and overall the postoperative recovery of the dogs in this study has been superior to the author's previous cases where the menisci were not properly evaluated.
Infertility in exhibition budgerigars
Authors: Baker J. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSterility is relatively rare in exhibition budgerigars, but it does occur. In this study infertility in males resulted from abnormal or absent sperm production and abnormal sexual behaviour. The latter was also found in infertile hens, together with hernias altering the cloacal anatomy, infections and cysts of the oviduct and deformed ovarian follicles. Infertility was also commonly associated with the presence of disease outside the reproductive system in both sexes.
Microfocal radiography as an aid to the diagnosis of canine elbow osteochondrosis
Authors: Guthrie S. , Buckland‐Wright J. C. , Vaughan L. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOne normal cadaver specimen and six labrador retrievers with suspected elbow osteochondrosis were examined using a microfocal radiographic technique as an aid to diagnosis. This allowed the production of a magnified image (macro‐radiograph) with high spatial resolution. The macroradiographs were compared with radiographs obtained using a standard technique to see if they facilitated decision making with respect to case management. The lesions that were suspected from radiographic examination were correlated with the gross lesions found at elbow arthrotomy. Microfocal radiography gave additional information about the changes within the joints but it still remained difficult to image the lesion satisfactorily in some cases.
A new method for recording H‐reflexes from the plantar muscles of dogs
Authors: Malik R. , Ho S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTH‐reflexes were recorded consistently from the plantar muscles of pentobarbitone‐anaesthetised dogs following supramaximal stimulation of the caudal cutaneous sural nerve (CCSN). As the amplitude, shape and latency of successive H‐reflex potentials fluctuated from trial to trial, 16 consecutive sweeps were averaged to quantify the response. The averaged H‐reflex had an amplitude of 1–6 ± 0–9 mV (mean ± SD] and a latency of 20 ± 2 ms. The CCSN‐evoked H‐reflex was recorded together with the CCSN‐evoked compound muscle action potential (SurCMAP), which had a shorter latency (6 ± 1 ms) but comparable size (1–9 ± 1–3 mV). H‐reflex afferents in the CCSN had overlapping but slightly higher electrical thresholds than plantar motoneurone axons. A ‘pure’ H‐reflex could be obtained by injecting local anaesthetic below the site of nerve stimulation. Halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia substantially reduced the amplitude of H‐reflex potentials in a reversible fashion.
Upper gastrointestinal examinations: a radiographic study of clinically normal beagle puppies
Authors: Miyabayashi T. , Morgan J. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA total of 24 upper gastrointestinal examinations were performed on four weanling beagle puppies over six weeks, using liquid barium (10 ml/kg bodyweight of 60 per cent w/v barium sulphate suspension] and barium food (8 g/kg of crushed kibble dog food and 7 ml/kg bodyweight of 60 per cent w/v barium sulphate suspension) as contrast media. The radiographic appearance was similar to that noted in adult dogs except for the consistent location of the pylorus on or near the midline. Duodenal pseudoulcers were seen more often with liquid barium and the caecal shadows were identified more often with the longer examination time with barium food. The stomach of the puppies appeared to have discriminatory emptying function; that is, semi‐solid food was emptied from the stomach at a slower rate (210 to 450 minutes) than liquid (60 to 90 minutes). Solid meals emptied faster in puppies than in adult dogs. Dosages of 13 to 15 mg/kg bodyweight for the liquid barium examination and 14 g of ground kibble and 16 ml of barium sulphate suspension per m2 of body surface area for the barium food examination are suggested as more appropriate for contrast studies in puppies.
Collie eye anomaly in the rough collie in Norway
Authors: Bjerkås E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe results of eye examinations of 741 rough collies for collie eye anomaly (CEA) are described. Of the examined dogs, 40‐8 per cent had CEA, including, in most cases, chorioretinal dysplasia (CRD). 7‐7 per cent had coloboma of the optic disc while 3–5 per cent had complications of CEA, either retinal detachment or intraocular bleeding. There was no sex difference nor was the frequency of the disease influenced by coat colour. After estimating the total frequencies of the different manifestations of the disease, the dogs were divided into two groups according to the age at first examination. In the group of dogs examined between seven weeks and three months old, 48‐9 per cent had CEA, compared to a frequency of 25‐6 per cent in the group of dogs examined after three months of age.All the puppies with coloboma also showed signs of CRD, while among the older dogs 11 of the 66 CEA cases reported showed signs of coloboma without CRD.Twenty‐two dogs which had been examined as puppies and given the diagnosis CEA with minor chorioretinal changes were re‐examined at an older age. Of these dogs, 15 had ophthalmoscopi‐cally normal fundi at re‐examination while seven were unchanged from the first examination.
Partial carpal and pancarpal arthrodesis in the dog: a review of 50 cases
Authors: Denny H. R. , Barr A. R. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFifty‐six carpal arthrodeses were carried out in 50 dogs. Six of these had bilateral arthrodeses. A dynamic compression plate (DCP; Straumann Great Britain Ltd), placed on the dorsal aspect of the carpus, was used for fixation in all cases. The main indication for pancarpal arthrodesis was a hyperextension injury of the radiocarpal joint. Forty‐three pancarpal arthrodeses were performed in 40 dogs (a bilateral procedure was performed in three). Hyperextension injuries of the intercarpal and carpometacarpal joints were treated by partial carpal arthrodesis in 10 dogs; three of these had bilateral procedures. Seventy‐four per cent of dogs treated by pancarpal arthrodesis regained full limb function. Only 50 per cent of cases treated by partial carpal arthrodesis had a similar result.
Treatment of multiple intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomata using isotretinoin
Authors: Henfrey J. I. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of multiple intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomata in a Kerry blue terrier is reported. The lesions were multifocal and characterised by well circumscribed dermal tumours varying from 0–3 to 6‐0 cm in diameter with a pore opening on to the skin surface. The successful control with isotretinoin is described.
Canine pyoderma
Authors: Mason I. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBacterial skin disease (or pyoderma) is a common canine disorder. It is usually associated with coagulase‐positive staphylococci which multiply on skin and induce disease as a result of a number of poorly understood mechanisms. Pyoderma usually occurs as a result of another underlying disorder. Primary causes include hypersensitivity, ectoparasites and metabolic and immunological disorders. A detailed and systematic investigation is mandatory so that the underlying cause is discovered if possible. A number of cases are idiopathic. Pyodermas may be classified according to depth of infection as this affects the type and duration of therapy required and the prognosis. Deeper forms require more aggressive and prolonged therapy. Management of pyodermas depends on the identification and correction of the underlying cause along with adjunct therapy using systemic and topical antimicrobial agents. Idiopathic cases may require protracted or even lifelong therapy with such medicaments. Glucocorticoids are generally contraindicated in the management of pyoderma.
Diagnosis and medical treatment of otitis externa in dogs and cats
Authors: Carlotti D. N. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA review of otitis externa in dogs and cats is presented. Aetiology, includes primary causes: ectoparasitoses, allergic diseases, endocrine disorders, pyodermas, trauma and irritation, contact dermatitis, auto‐immune skin diseases, drug eruption, keratoseborrhoeic skin disease, tumours and pseudoneoplastic lesions, as well as secondary causes: bacteria and yeasts. Clinical aspects are variable but a practical classification distinguishes two forms: erythematoceruminous otitis externa and suppurative otitis externa. Diagnosis is made in five steps which are clinical examination, direct examination of cerumen (erythematoceruminous otitis externa) or bacterial culture and sensitivity testing (suppurative otitis externa), direct impression smears, cleaning and otoscopy, and diagnosis of underlying skin disease. Medical therapy includes cleaning of the external ear canal and local therapy (acaricides, antifungal agents, antibiotics, corticosteroids, other topical agents, the appropriate selection of an optic preparation being essential). Treatment of underlying skin disease is always necessary. Otitis externa is in fact a dermatological disease complex (like pododermatitis). Although local secondary infections (bacterial and fungal) must be managed in every case, there are grounds for including otitis externa in a larger frame.
Chronic granulocytic leukaemia/ eosinophilic leukaemia in a dog?
Authors: Ndikuwera J. , Smith D. A. , Obwolo M. J. , Masvingwe C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA suspected case of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (chronic myelogenous leukaemia) with eosinophil differentiation and hepatic involvement is described in a 3–5‐year‐old rottweiler dog. Neoplastic eosinophilic infiltrates were also present in the lungs, kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes and peribronchial and prester‐nal lymph nodes. Both pleural and abdominal effusions contained predominantly eosinophils and their precursors. The bone marrow showed an increase in the myeloid to erythroid ratio and an increase in the marrow granulocyte reserve. The majority of cells identified within the bone marrow were of the eosinophil series. Myelocytes and promyelocytes predominated.
Renal clearance studies in cats with chronic renal disease: Dietary implications
Authors: Filippich L. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTRenal clearance studies were undertaken on 15 cats, 10 with mild chronic renal disease (CRD) and five with severe CRD. Plasma creatinine concentration and urinary specific gravity measurements in the mild and severe CRD cats were significantly different (P < 0–05) and were 131 ± 26‐7 umol/litre and 1–034 ± 0–016, and 392 ± 117‐3 nmol/litre and 1–015 ± 0–002, respectively. Endogenous creatinine clearance in the mild and severe CRD cats were significantly different (P < 0–01) and were 2–3 ± 0–58 and 0–62 ± 0–230 ml/min/kg bodyweight, respectively. Hypokalemia was present in one cat but it was not associated with hypercalcinuria. Two cats with mild CRD had hypophosphataemia, hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphaturia which was suggestive of primary hyperparathyroidism, while two cats with severe CRD had hyperphosphataemia and hyperphosphaturia which was indicative of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. Eight of the 15 cats were subsequently necropsied and were found to have segmental atrophic nephropathy.
Urological complications following ovariohysterectomy in a bitch
Authors: Ewers R. S. , Holt P. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA two‐year‐old chihuahua bitch was presented with urinary incontinence following ovariohysterectomy which had been performed at the time of caesarean section. Clinical, contrast radiographic and surgical investigation revealed the presence of right hydroureter and hydronephrosis, vesicovaginal fistula and absence of most of the urinary bladder. These abnormalities appeared to have resulted from ligation of the caudal bladder, at the level of the trigone, during ovariohysterectomy.
Conservative treatment of tetanus associated with hiatus hernia and gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Ham L. Van , van Bree H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of tetanus, complicated by hiatus hernia with gastro‐oesophageal reflux, is reported in a young German shepherd dog. Conservative treatment of the tetanus and the hiatus hernia resulted in complete remission of clinical signs, although hiatus hernia remained present.
Eggshell thickness and porosity in budgerigars and their relationship to hatch‐ability
Authors: Baker J. R. , Baker R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAs part of an investigation into low chick production in relation to the number of eggs laid by exhibition budgerigars, a study was carried out into the role, if any, of shell thickness and porosity to water vapour. Shell thickness was the same in clear eggs, fertile eggs, those containing dead‐in‐shell embryos and those with desiccated contents, and averaged 0–2 mm. Shell porosity was found to be the same in most clear eggs, fertile eggs, eggs in which the embryo had died very early and eggs containing an infected dead‐in‐shell chick. These had an average water loss, under standard conditions, of 1–54 per cent of the initial weight per 24 hours. Non‐infected dead‐in‐shell eggs lost 0–27 per cent, eggs with desiccated contents, either an embryo or clear lost 7–95 per cent and cracked eggs, 5–64 per cent. The results indicate that some budgerigar eggs have an abnormal porosity to water vapour and that this may affect their hatchability.
Termination of mid‐term pregnancy in the dog with oral RU 486
Authors: Linde‐Forsberg C. , Kindahl H. , Madej A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA total of four pregnancies were terminated in three bitches (two beagles and one flatcoated retriever) with a single dose of 20 mg/kg (one case), two doses of 8‐3 mg/kg (one case) or 20 mg/kg plus 40 mg/kg (two cases) RU 486 by mouth (Mifepristone; Roussel‐Uclaf, France) from day 26 to day 36 after the first day of mating of the bitch. Abortions occurred within two, four, 11 and 11 days after the initial treatment, respectively. The clinical status of the bitches was similar to that observed during a normal parturition, ie, lowering of the body temperature, shivering, panting and nesting behaviour. No side effects were seen. The beagle bitch that aborted twice, was mated at the first oestrus after the first abortion, conceived and aborted the same number of puppies the second time. The peripheral plasma progesterone concentration at the time of treatment in all bitches was < 75 nmol/litre. It had decreased to between 24‐2 and 13‐1 nmol/litre at the time of abortion and to between 4‐0 to 0–5 nmol/litre at four to 15 days after the initial treatment. Peripheral plasma levels of prolactin increased three‐ to fourfold within 24 to 48 hours after treatment, concomitant with the drop in progesterone and had returned to basal levels within two to three days. Prolactin concentrations also increased around the time of intrauterine fetal death. Prostaglandin F2aα‐metabolite concentrations increased slowly after treatment, and around the time of abortion the levels increased five‐ to 10‐fold. RU 486 seems to be a safe and effective abortifacient for use during mid‐term pregnancy in the dog.
Canine sialocoeles ‐ 60 clinical cases
Authors: Bellenger C. R. , Simpson D. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSixty cases of canine sialocoele were reviewed from the records of the Sydney University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Poodles, dachshunds and Australian silky terriers were significantly over represented in the survey when compared to the hospital sample population (P&0.01). No other statistically significant breed, sex, or age trends were noted. Neoplasia was associated with sialocoele formation in three cases. The sialocoele location was cervical (42), sublingual (four), pharyngeal (four), not recorded (one) or in more than one site (nine). Thirty‐five of 39 surgically treated cases were managed by extirpation of the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands together with drainage. Few complications were recorded. Forty‐two per cent of the cases had received previous veterinary treatment in the form of drainage alone. Drainage of saliva from sialocoeles without removal of the offending salivary glands is inappropriate.
Circulating autoantibodies in dogs with chronic liver disease
Authors: Andersson M. , Sevelius E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCirculating autoantibodies are important diagnostic markers in human liver disease. Antinuclear antibodies, smooth muscle antibodies and liver membrane antibodies are characteristic of human autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, while antimitochondrial antibodies are most frequently found in primary biliary cirrhosis. The role of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis and course of these diseases is not known, but they are routinely measured in order to discriminate between different liver diseases. This, in turn, helps to predict the response to different kinds of treatment. The present study reports the occurrence of circulating autoantibodies in sera of dogs with different forms of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and in dogs with other liver diseases, such as acute hepatitis, liver degeneration and tumours. The results indicate several differences compared to the autoantibody patterns in human liver disease.
Muscle relaxants in canine anaesthesia 2: Clinical application
Authors: Jones R. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThere are a variety of factors which are likely to influence the action of muscle relaxants in canine anaesthesia. These include age, body temperature and muscle diseases. Of the anaesthetic agents it is only the inhalational anaesthetic agents which significantly increase the duration of action of muscle relaxants. Antibiotic therapy particularly with the aminoglycoside antibiotics is likely to increase their duration of action. The indications for the use of muscle relaxants and the main contraindications such as the absence of anaesthetic equipment and the inability to ensure unconsciousness are discussed. The choice of anaesthetic technique together with a discussion on the premedication induction and maintenance of anaesthesia are important factors when using relaxants as is the technique of artificial ventilation. The various advantages and disadvantages of neuromuscular block monitoring are discussed as is the reversal of neuromuscular block.
Assessment of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in six dogs
Authors: Martin M. W. S. , Godman M. , Fuentes V. Luis , Clutton R. E. , Haight A. , Darke P. G. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of balloon valvuloplasty was assessed, clinically and haemodynamically, in six dogs with moderate to severe pulmonic stenosis. The haemodynamic assessment was based on Doppler echocardiography, with colour flow mapping, in the conscious dog and by direct catheterisation in the anaesthetised dog, before and after balloon valve dilatation. Four of the six dogs were presented with exercise intolerance, of which two were in congestive heart failure. Balloon valvuloplasty resulted in improved exercise tolerance and resolution of congestive heart failure in these dogs. The average Doppler and catheter transvalvular pressure gradients were reduced to 43 per cent and 46 per cent of the preoperative gradient, respectively. The average pressure gradient obtained by catheter, in the anaesthetised dog, was 59 per cent of the pressure gradient obtained by spectral Doppler echocardiography in the conscious dog. Balloon valvuloplasty was considered successful in five out of the six dogs. Postoperative pulmonic regurgitation was not found to be a complication of balloon valvuloplasty.
Congenital hypotrichosis in a French bulldog
Authors: Marks A. , van den Broek A. H. M. , Else R. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of congenital alopecia in one of a litter of four female French bulldogs is described. With the exception of the hair coat the affected bitch was clinically normal. The distribution of the sparse hair (head, tip of the tail and paws) mimicked that seen in the Chinese crested dog. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies revealed features frequently observed in congenital alopecia ‐ a reduction in number of hair follicles, hypoplasia or absence of epidermal appendages and pronounced follicular hyperkeratosis, abnormalities of collagen and elastic fibres were not detected.
Complications of articular lag screw fixation of femoral capital epiphyseal separations
Authors: Miller A. , Anderson T. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFour femoral capital epiphyseal separations in three immature dogs were repaired using an articular lag screw procedure. Two millimetre cortical screws were inserted from the articular surface across the fracture site in lag fashion. The screw heads were countersunk below the surface of the articular cartilage to prevent abrasion of the apposing articular surface. Marked osteolysis of the femoral neck was noted between four and eight weeks postoperatively in all cases, and excision of the femoral head and neck was carried out in two cases at six and eight weeks postoperatively. It is believed that the surgery failed because of iatrogenic vascular insult and the development of coxofemoral instability.
Angiostroneylosis in Cornwall: Clinical presentations of eight cases
Authors: Martin M. W. S. , Ashton G. , Simpson V. R. , Neal C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTClinical signs in eight dogs with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection included chronic cough, dyspnoea, lumbar pain, hindleg paresis/paralysis, abdominal pain, weakness and collapse; two of the dogs were asymptomatic. Thrombocytopenia was present in two dogs and a mild anaemia in one. Thoracic radiographs showed mild right heart enlargement in two out of three dogs and a pneumothorax in one. At post mortem examination in three dogs, the lungs were swollen with a mottled appearance and there was dilatation of the right ventricle. Adult A vasorum were found in the right heart, the pulmonary artery and its branches. Adult worms were also found in the systemic vasculature in one dog, associated with thromboembolism. Treatment with ivermectin in two dogs and fenbendazole in three dogs resulted in the resolution of clinical signs and no demonstrable larvae in the faeces one to two weeks later.
Water: Its form, function and importance in the skin of domestic animals
Authors: Chesney C. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTWater is vital to life, and to the function of individual organs, yet its relevance to the skin of animals has received almost no attention. The barrier function of the skin is recognised, as is the importance of surface dwelling organisms, but the links between them are little known. Understanding, however, must begin with a consideration of the molecular structure of water and how this affects both physical and biophysical processes. Such processes critically influence the barrier and are fundamental to the way water passes through the skin, or is bound within it. At the skin surface a characteristic flora and fauna live in microclimate niches modulated by a varying water balance, itself modified by the presence of a hair coat. In normal animals the skin remains healthy despite a wide range of insults; a homoeostasis which would be rewarding to understand.