bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulation by herpesvirus U51A chemokine receptorviaCCL5 and FOG‐2 down‐regulation plus XCR1 and CCR7 mimicry in human leukocytes
Authors: Catusse Julie , Spinks Jenny , Mattick Claire , Dyer Angela , Laing Ken , Fitzsimons Carlos , Smit Martine J. , Gompels Ursula A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHuman herpesvirus‐6A (HHV‐6A) betachemokine‐receptor U51A binds inflammatory modulators CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, CCL7, and CCL13. This unique specificity overlaps that of human chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5. In model cell lines, expression leads to CCL5 down‐regulation with both constitutive and inducible signaling. Here, immunomodulation pathways are investigated in human leukocytes permissive for infection. Constitutive signaling was shown using inositol phosphate assays and inducible calcium signaling by response to CCL2, CCL5 and CCL11. Constitutive signaling targets were examined using an immune response‐related microarray and RT‐PCR, showing down‐regulation of CCL5 and FOG‐2, a hematopoietic transcriptional repressor. By RT‐PCR and siRNA reversion, CCL5 and FOG‐2 were shown down‐regulated, during peak U51A expression post infection. Two further active ligands, XCL1 and CCL19, were identified, making U51A competitor to their human receptors, XCR1 and CCR7, on T lymphocytes, NK and dendritic cells. Finally, U51A‐expressing cell lines and infectedex vivoleukocytes, showed migration towards chemokine‐gradients, and chemokine internalization. Consequently, U51A may affect virus dissemination or host transmission by chemotaxis of infected cells to sites of chemokine secretion specific for U51A (for example the lymph node or lung, by CCL19 or CCL11, respectively) and evade immune‐effector cells by chemokine diversion and down‐regulation, affecting virus spread and inflammatory pathology.
Intradermal NKT cell activation during DNA priming in heterologous prime‐boost vaccination enhances T cell responses and protection against Leishmania
Authors: Dondji Blaise , Deak Eszter , Goldsmith‐Pestana Karen , Perez‐Jimenez Eva , Esteban Mariano , Miyake Sachiko , Yamamura Takashi , McMahon‐Pratt Diane 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHeterologous prime‐boost vaccination employing DNA‐vaccinia virus (VACV) modality using the Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase (LACK) (p36) antigen has been shown to elicit protective immunity against both murine cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. However, DNA priming is known to have limited efficacy; therefore in the current study the effect of NKT cell activation using α‐galactosyl‐ceramide (αGalCer) during intradermal DNAp36 priming was examined. Vaccinated mice receiving αGalCer + DNAp36 followed by a boost with VVp36 appeared to be resolving their lesions and had at ten‐ to 20‐fold higher reductions in parasite burdens. NKT cell activation during αGalCer + DNAp36 priming resulted in higher numbers of antigen‐reactive effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing granzyme and IFN‐γ, with lower levels of IL‐10. Although immunodepletion studies indicate that both CD4 and CD8 T cells provide protection in the vaccinated mice, the contribution of CD4+ T cells was significantly increased in mice primed with DNAp36 together with αGalCer. Notably 5 months after boosting, mice vaccinated with DNAp36 + αGalCer continued to show sustained and heightened T cell immune responses. Thus, heterologous prime‐boost vaccination using αGalCer during priming is highly protective against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis, resulting in the heightened activation and development of CD4 and CD8 T cells (effector and memory T cells).
Type I interferon‐dependent and ‐independent expression of tripartite motif proteins in immune cells
Authors: Rajsbaum Ricardo , Stoye Jonathan P. , O'Garra Anne 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are important in a variety of cellular functions additional to anti‐viral activity. We systematically analysed mRNA expression of representative TRIM molecules in mouse macrophages, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and a selection of CD4+ T cell subsets. We defined four clusters of TRIM genes based on their selective expression in these cells. The first group of TRIM genes was preferentially expressed in CD4+ T cells and contained the COS‐FN3 motif previously shown to be involved in protein interactions. Additional TRIM genes were identified that showed up‐regulation in macrophages and dendritic cells upon influenza virus infection in a type I IFN‐dependent manner, suggesting that they have anti‐viral activity. In support of this notion, a subset of these TRIM molecules mapped to mouse chromosome 7, syntenic to human chromosome 11, where TRIM family members such as TRIM5, shown to have anti‐viral activity, are localized. A distinct group of TRIM was constitutively expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells independently of viral infection or signalling through the type I IFN receptor. Our findings on expression and regulation of TRIM genes in cells of the immune system that have different effector functions in innate and adaptive immune responses, may provide leads for determining functions of this diverse family of molecules.
Role of tripeptidyl peptidase II in MHC class I antigen processing – the end of controversies?
Authors: Endert Peter van 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPeptide ligands presented by MHC class I molecules are generated in a cascade of proteolytic events starting with the proteasome in the cytosol and frequently terminating with trimming aminopeptidases in the endoplasmic reticulum. Several cytosolic proteases can carry out intermediate proteolytic steps between these start and endpoints. Among these, tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II), an exceptionally large homo‐oligomeric protease, has been proposed to be involved in the generation of many or most MHC class I ligands by cleaving long precursor peptides. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, the effect of pharmacological or genetic TPP II inhibition on peptide loading of HLA‐B27 and other HLA class I molecules is examined, and no evidence for a role of TPP II in this process is detected. Although further studies using more efficient inhibitors and focusing on HLA class I alleles such as HLA‐A3 are warranted, these results, together with other recently published data, suggest that the role of TPP II in MHC class I processing may be much more limited than previously appreciated. See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji200737444
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of New Rhodium‐Tin Heterodimetallic Complexes
Authors: Kilian Michaela , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractReaction of the triamidostannates(II) MeSi{SiMe2N(p‐tol)}3SnLi(OEt2) (1a) and MeSi{SiMe2N(3,5‐xyl)}3SnLi(OEt2) (1b) with 1/2 molar equiv. of [RhCl(diolefin)]2 (diolefin = COD, NBD) and phosphanes, phosphites or isonitriles (“L”) gave the square‐planar complexes [MeSi{SiMe2NAryl}3SnRh(L)(diolefin)] (Aryl = 3,5‐xyl, p‐tol) in which thestannates are directly bonded to rhodium through Rh–Sn bonds. In contrast, the analogous transformation of 1b with 1/2 equiv. of [RhCl(C2H4)2]2 and PiPr3 in toluene did not lead to a square‐planar bisethylene complex [MeSi{SiMe2N(3,5‐xyl)}3SnRh(C2H4)2(PiPr3)] but the brown 18e π‐arene complex [MeSi{SiMe2N(3,5‐xyl)}3SnRh(PiPr3)(η6‐toluene)] (6). Equilibria of the square planar diolefin complexes with π‐arene systems such as 6 were observed upon their dissolution in toluene.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
CuI–Br Oligomers and Polymers Involving Cu–S(cystamine) Bonds
Authors: Louvain Nicolas , Mercier Nicolas , Kurmoo Mohamedally 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe syntheses, crystal structures, and thermal properties of five cuprous bromides derived from cystamine, [NH3(CH2)2SS(CH2)2NH3]2+, here denoted by (SS), are reported. Whereas (SS)2Cu4Br8 (1) is a polar tetramer and (SS)2Cu2Br6 (2) consists of [(SS)Cu2Br6]2– dimers, α1‐(SS)Cu2Br4 (3), (SS)Cu3Br5 (4), and α2‐(SS)Cu2Br4 (5) are polymers; 3 and 5 are one‐dimensional and 4 has a corrugated 2D network. All the compounds contain corner‐shared tetrahedra with Cu–Br–Cu connections, and in some cases, edge‐shared with double bromine bridges. The copper coordination is tetrahedral, either CuBr4 or CuBr3S, except in one case, in which trigonal geometry was encountered. Compounds 1, 2, and 4, which are synthesized at 50 °C, display Cu–S bonds with the cystamine through either one or both sulfur atoms. On the other hand, 3 and 5, which are synthesized at 80 °C, do not have any. There is a high tendency to form hydrogen bonds between the polar ammonium heads of the cystamine with the bromine atoms. The range of phases experienced in this system is related to the bifunctional nature of cystamine, which is characterized by its primary ammonium ends and its disulfide bridge, and to the subtle competition between Br– and S–S ligands towards the CuI ions, which appears to be controllable by temperature. The presence of both chiral M‐ and P‐helicoidal conformers of cystamine in 1–5 results in racemic compounds adopting centrosymmetric structures for 1, 3, 4, and 5 but 2 adopts a noncentrosymmetric structure (P212121) resulting from the coordination of copper ions to one conformer; the other conformer is noncoordinated and acts as the counterion.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Further characterization of the binding of heparin to granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor: Importance of sulfate groups
Authors: Liang Aiye , Liu Xiaojun , Du Yuguang , Wang Keyi , Lin Bingcheng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHeparin mediates fundamental biological mechanisms through interaction with proteins. Previously, we have shown that standard heparin binds to granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) with an affinity of 4.8×105 M−1. To further study the structural features in heparin that are responsible for this interaction, we studied the bindings of G‐CSF and N‐desulfated and 2,3‐O‐desulfated heparin by CZE. Results showed that the N‐desulfated heparin had a similar affinity for G‐CSF ((5.4 ± 0.9)×105 M−1), but the 2,3‐O‐desulfated heparin had a 1000‐fold lower affinity ((3.4 ± 1.2)×102 M−1) in comparison to standard heparin. The results showed that 2,3‐O‐sulfate groups are more important than N‐sulfate groups in heparin–G‐CSF interaction.
Two‐level finite element method with a stabilizing subgrid for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Nesliturk A. I. , Aydın S. H. , Tezer‐Sezgin M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe consider the Galerkin finite element method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in two dimensions. The domain is discretized into a set of regular triangular elements and the finite‐dimensional spaces employed consist of piecewise continuous linear interpolants enriched with the residual‐free bubble functions. To find the bubble part of the solution, a two‐level finite element method with a stabilizing subgrid of a single node is described, and its application to the Navier–Stokes equation is displayed. Numerical approximations employing the proposed algorithm are presented for three benchmark problems. The results show that the proper choice of the subgrid node is crucial in obtaining stable and accurate numerical approximations consistent with the physical configuration of the problem at a cheap computational cost. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pseudospectral Fourier method for a 1D incompressible two‐fluid model
Authors: Holmås H. , Clamond D. , Langtangen H. P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper presents an accurate and efficient pseudospectral (PS) Fourier method for a standard 1D incompressible two‐fluid model. To the knowledge of the authors, it is the first PS method developed for the purpose of modelling waves in multiphase pipe flow. Contrary to conventional numerical methods, the PS method combines high accuracy and low computational costs with flexibility in terms of handling higher order derivatives and different types of partial differential equations. In an effort to improve the description of the stratified wavy flow regime, it can thus serve as a valuable tool for testing out new two‐fluid model formulations. The main part of the algorithm is based on mathematical reformulations of the governing equations combined with extensive use of fast Fourier transforms. All the linear operations, including differentiations, are performed in Fourier space, whereas the nonlinear computations are performed in physical space. Furthermore, by exploiting the concept of an integrating factor, all linear parts of the problem are integrated analytically. The remaining nonlinear parts are advanced in time using a Runge–Kutta solver with an adaptive time step control. As demonstrated in the results section, these steps in sum yield a very accurate, fast and stable numerical method. A grid refinement analysis is used to compare the spatial convergence with the convergence rates of finite difference (FD) methods of up to order six. It is clear that the exponential convergence of the PS method is by far superior to the algebraic convergence of the FD schemes. Combined with the fact that the scheme is unconditionally linearly stable, the resulting increase in accuracy opens for several orders of magnitude savings in computational time. Finally, simulations of small amplitude, long wavelength sinusoidal waves are presented to illustrate the remarkable ability of the PS method to reproduce the linear stability properties of the two‐fluid model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activated Notch1 maintains the phenotype of radial glial cells and promotes their adhesion to laminin by upregulating nidogen
Authors: Li Hedong , Chang Yu‐Wen , Mohan Kriti , Su Hui‐Wen , Ricupero Christopher L. , Baridi Ajoeb , Hart Ronald P. , Grumet Martin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRadial glia are neural stem cells that exist only transiently during central nervous system (CNS) development, where they serve as scaffolds for neuronal migration. Their instability makes them difficult to study, and therefore we have isolated stabilized radial glial clones from E14.5 cortical progenitors (e.g., L2.3) after expression of v‐myc. Activated Notch1 intracellular region (actNotch1) promotes radial glia in the embryonic mouse forebrain (Gaiano et al., (2000), and when it was introduced into E14.5 cortical progenitors or radial glial clone L2.3, the cells exhibited enhanced radial morphology and increased expression of the radial glial marker BLBP. A representative clone of L2.3 cells expressing actNotch1 called NL2.3‐4 migrated more extensively than L2.3 cells in culture and in white matter of the adult rat spinal cord. Microarray and RT‐PCR comparisons of mRNAs expressed in these closely related clones showed extensive similarities, but differed significantly for certain mRNAs including several cell adhesion molecules. Cell adhesion assays demonstrated significantly enhanced adhesion to laminin of NL2.3‐4 by comparison to L2.3 cells. The laminin binding protein nidogen was the most highly induced adhesion molecule in NL2.3‐4, and immunological analyses indicated that radial glia synthesize and secrete nidogen. Adhesion of NL2.3‐4 cells to laminin was inhibited by anti‐nidogen antibodies and required the nidogen binding region in laminin, indicating that nidogen promotes cell adhesion to laminin. The combined results indicate that persistent expression of activated Notch1 maintains the phenotype of radial glial cells, inhibits their differentiation, and promotes their adhesion and migration on a laminin/nidogen complex. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Steroid hormone receptor expression and function in microglia
Authors: Sierra Amanda , Gottfried‐Blackmore Andres , Milner Teresa A. , McEwen Bruce S. , Bulloch Karen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSteroid hormones such as glucocorticoids and estrogens are well‐known regulators of peripheral immune responses and also show anti‐inflammatory properties in the brain. However, the expression of steroid hormone receptors in microglia, the pivotal immune cell that coordinates the brain inflammatory response, is still controversial. Here we use real time RT‐PCR to show that microglia, isolated from adultfms‐EGFP mice by FACS, express glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). GR was the most abundant steroid hormone receptor transcript in microglia. The presence of GR and ERα immunoreactivity was further confirmedin vivoat the ultrastructural level. To understand the role of steroid hormone receptors during the inflammation process, we evaluated the expression of steroid hormone receptors after inflammatory challenge and found a significant down‐regulation of GR, MR, and ERα in microglia. Finally, we tested the immunomodulatory properties of estrogens and glucocorticoids. Estradiol benzoate did not have any significant impact on the inflammatory profile ofex vivosorted microglia, either in resting conditions or after challenge. Furthermore, corticosterone was a more consistent anti‐inflammatory agent than 17β‐estradiolin vitro. Our results support the hypothesis that adult microglia are a direct target of steroid hormones and that glucocorticoids, through the predominant expression of GR and MR, are the primary steroid hormone regulators of microglial inflammatory activity. The down‐regulation of steroid hormone receptors after LPS challenge may serve as a prerequisite to suppressing the anti‐inflammatory actions of endogenous steroid hormones on the immune system, and contribute to a sustained activation of microglia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping a multidimensional emotion in response to television commercials
Authors: Morris Jon D. , Klahr Nelson J. , Shen Feng , Villegas Jorge , Wright Paul , He Guojun , Liu Yijun 
Published: February 2008

AbstractUnlike previous emotional studies using functional neuroimaging that have focused on either locating discrete emotions in the brain or linking emotional response to an external behavior, this study investigated brain regions in order to validate a three‐dimensional construct – namely pleasure, arousal, and dominance (PAD) of emotion induced by marketing communication. Emotional responses to five television commercials were measured with Advertisement Self‐Assessment Manikins (AdSAM®) for PAD and with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify corresponding patterns of brain activation. We found significant differences in the AdSAM scores on the pleasure and arousal rating scales among the stimuli. Using the AdSAM response as a model for the fMRI image analysis, we showed bilateral activations in the inferior frontal gyri and middle temporal gyri associated with the difference on the pleasure dimension, and activations in the right superior temporal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus associated with the difference on the arousal dimension. These findings suggest a dimensional approach of constructing emotional changes in the brain and provide a better understanding of human behavior in response to advertising stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the larynx: A case report of an unusual location with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses
Authors: Kusafuka Kimihide , Muramatsu Koji , Yabuzaki Tsugumi , Ishiki Hiroto , Asano Rie , Kamijo Tomoyuki , Iida Yoshiyuki , Ebihara Mitsuru , Onitsuka Testuro , Kameya Toru 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain origin. In this article, we report a case of ASPS occurring in the larynx, an extremely rare location for this rather unusual tumor.Methods and ResultsThe patient was a 34‐year‐old Japanese woman who requested an examination for hoarseness. The tumor showed a proliferation of large polygonal cells with periodic‐acid‐Schiff–positive diastase‐resistant intracytoplasmic granules, arranged in an alveolar growth pattern. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was eosinophilic. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin and titin. Nuclear immunoreactivity for TFE3 was observed, and the Ki‐67 labeling index was 14.7%. Ultrastructurally, electron‐dense rod‐shaped crystals were infrequently observed in the cytoplasm. This case was finally diagnosed as ASPS of the larynx.ConclusionWe discuss the histogenesis and differential diagnosis of ASPS with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. TFE3 immunohistochemistry was found to be a very useful marker for the diagnosis of ASPS. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
N2‐N3 neck nodal control without planned neck dissection for clinical/radiologic complete responders—Results of Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Study 98.02
Authors: Corry June , Peters Lester , Fisher Richard , Macann Andrew , Jackson Michael , McClure Bev , Rischin Danny 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence of isolated nodal failure in patients with N2/3 disease who achieved a complete clinical and radiological response (CR) at 12 weeks postchemoradiation, when no planned neck dissection was performed.MethodsWe analyzed the nodal response and subsequent neck control of 102 patients with initial N2/3 disease treated on the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 98.02 study.ResultsWith a median 4.3 years follow‐up, the patterns of first failure in the CR patients were local 4%, local and nodal 2%, distant 28%, and locoregional plus distant (within 1 month) 6%.There were no patients who had only neck failure.ConclusionPatients in this trial with N2/3 disease who obtained a clinical and radiological complete response to chemoradiation had a zero incidence of isolated neck failure without a planned neck dissection. The continued use of planned neck dissections in this patient subset cannot be justified. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Using fluorodeoxythymidine to monitor anti‐EGFR inhibitor therapy in squamous cell carcinoma xenografts
Authors: Atkinson David M. , Clarke Michelle J. , Mladek Ann C. , Carlson Brett L. , Trump David P. , Jacobson Mark S. , Kemp Brad J. , Lowe Val J. , Sarkaria Jann N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground3′‐18F‐fluoro‐3′‐deoxy‐fluorothymidine (18F‐FLT), a nucleoside analog, could monitor effects of molecularly targeted therapeutics on tumor proliferation.MethodsWe tested whether 18F‐FLT positron emission tomography (PET) uptake changes are associated with antitumor effects of erlotinib in A431 xenografts or cetuximab in SCC1 xenografts.ResultsCompared with pretreatment FLT PET scans, 3 days of erlotinib in A431 reduced the standardized uptake value (SUV) by 18%, whereas placebo increased SUV by 1% (p = .005). One week of cetuximab in SCC1 reduced SUV by 62%, whereas placebo reduced SUV by 16% (p = .005). FLT uptake suppression following anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment was associated with reduced tumor thymidine kinase‐1 (TK1) activity. In vitro TK1 knockdown studies confirmed the importance of TK1 activity on intracellular FLT accumulation suppression.Conclusions18F‐FLT PET imaging detects tumor responses to EGFR‐inhibitors within days of starting therapy. This technique may identify patients likely to benefit from EGFR‐inhibitors early in their treatment course. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008