bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global prevalence of advanced HIV disease in healthcare settings: a rapid review
Authors: Ford Nathan , Kassanjee Reshma , Stelzle Dominik , Jarvis Joseph N , Sued Omar , Perrin Georges , Doherty Meg , Rangaraj Ajay 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionRecent studies have indicated a high enduring burden of advanced HIV disease, but estimates across regions and settings are lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of advanced HIV disease since 2015 among those people with CD4 measured in healthcare settings, disaggregated by age group, level of healthcare and region.MethodsWe searched MedLine via Pubmed and Hinari for studies that reported the proportion of individuals with advanced HIV disease (defined as CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3) in healthcare settings since 2015; this search was complemented by conference abstracts and data from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS Consortium (IeDEA). We estimated pooled prevalence of advanced HIV disease using random‐effects models and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore heterogeneity.ResultsWe obtained data from 117 cohorts, representing 1,814,362 individuals from 52 countries across all six World Health Organization regions. The majority of studies (n = 83) were conducted among adults and recorded CD4 cell count among treatment naïve individuals at antiretroviral therapy start (n = 86). Studies included data reported up to 2023. The proportion of individuals with advanced HIV disease was higher in inpatient settings (44.3%, 95% CI 39.1−49.6%) compared to outpatient settings (33.5%, 95% CI 31.5−35.4%). Prevalence was similar across age groups, time since HIV diagnosis and treatment status, and highest in West and Central Africa, South‐East Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean region.DiscussionThis review finds that at least a third of people presenting to healthcare settings have advanced HIV disease, with no evidence that this has changed in recent years. Screening for advanced HIV remains important to be able to direct appropriate preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to prevent progression to severe illness and death.ConclusionsThis review summarizes recent evidence of the continued high proportion of individuals who (re)present to care with advanced HIV disease. These findings underscore the urgent need to reinforce programme capacity to diagnose, prevent and treat advanced HIV disease as an essential pillar of the global AIDS response.
Retrospective Study of Clinical and Genetic Profiles of Alpha‐Mannosidosis Patients From the UAE
Authors: Saad Ali K. , Al‐Hammadi Tasneem , Al‐Ameri Shaikha , Al‐Shamsi Aisha , Al‐Dhaheri Noura , Al Tenaiji Amal , Al Jasmi Fatma 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlpha‐mannosidosis (AM; OMIM 248500) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in MAN2B1, which codes for the lysosomal alpha‐mannosidase enzyme (LAMAN; EC:3.2.1.24). Clinical characteristics include developmental delay, hearing impairment, and recurrent infections. A retrospective analysis of nine case series of patients with AM (23 months–42 years) from six consanguineous families in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was conducted. In two Emirati families, homozygous nonsense mutations were present: c.2368C> T, p.(Gln790*) and c.2119C> T, p.(Gln707*). Further, in the Emirati and Syrian families two splicing variants c.2356‐2A>G and c.1929‐2A>G were present, respectively. All patients had infantile‐onset and common clinical features, including coarse facies, developmental delays, hearing loss, and recurrent infections. Macrocephaly was observed in all patients with documented head circumference, except one microcephalic patient who had a dual genetic diagnosis. Hepatosplenomegaly and autoimmune diseases were reported in one and three patients, respectively. Additionally, psychiatric manifestations were noted in two adult patients. The mean age of diagnosis was 14 years for adults (> 16 years) and 2 years for pediatric patients (< 16 years). Significant diagnostic delay comparing older and younger generations is likely due to the increasing awareness of genetic disorders and the availability of genetic testing. In terms of treatment, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was administered to two patients, alleviating recurrent infections. Two patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), whereas one patient underwent combined ERT and HSCT. This retrospective analysis identified different truncating mutations associated with early‐onset AM. The clinical presentations of these mutations range from attenuated to moderate. Our analysis clearly highlights the high birth prevalence of AM in the UAE, indicating the need for awareness and genetic counseling for prevention.
Sex based disparities in hospitalization and readmission outcomes for complete atrioventricular block: Insights from United States readmission data
Authors: Abdallah Nadhem , Samra Mohammed , Alsayed Momen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundSex disparities in cardiovascular disorders are well‐documented, but data on hospitalization and readmission outcomes in the context of sex for Complete Heart Block (CHB) remains limited.MethodsWe analyzed the 2016–2020 Nationwide Readmission Database to identify patients with a principal diagnosis of CHB. Men served as the control group, while women comprised the study cohort. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included odds of cardiac arrest, ventricular tachycardia, heart failure, mechanical ventilation use, all‐cause 30‐day readmission, total and early pacemaker use, length of stay (LOS), and total hospitalization charges (THC). Multivariate regression models adjusted for confounders.ResultsAmong 175,257 patients with CHB, 45% were female. Female sex was associated with higher odds of mortality (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.42, 95% CI 1.3–1.55) compared to males. Additionally, females had higher odds of cardiac arrest (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.2), ventricular tachycardia (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.05–1.17), heart failure (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14–1.22), mechanical ventilation use (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.03–1.17), and all‐cause 30‐day readmission (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.03–1.14). Women also had lower odds of total pacemaker use (aOR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88–0.96) and early pacemaker use (aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.86–0.82). Female patients exhibited longer LOS (4.13 days vs. 3.86 days, p < 0.001) but incurred lower THC ($89,908 vs. $94,590, p = 0.002).ConclusionFemale sex in CHB patients was associated with higher mortality and adverse events but lower pacemaker use compared to male patients.
Gas tungsten arc welding of titanium tube: Microstructure, mechanical properties and numerical prediction of tensile strength
Authors: Kamal K. G. , Perumal R. , Subramaniyan M. K. , Veeman D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCommercially pure titanium‐grade 2 tube was fabricated using gas tungsten arc welding, which yielded perfect welds suitable for usage in several industries. Through conducting extensive testing and determining the optimal process parameters, this approach was optimized. The welded microstructure of the material was analyzed using optical microscopy which revealed columnar and equiaxed dendrites that were primarily composed of α and β‐Titanium phases. These microstructural modifications, the product of constitutional supercooling and thermal histories, have significantly improved the mechanical properties of the welded pipe. The tensile strength increased by 3 % to 360.52 MPa ±2.5 MPa, while the strength of the base metal was 350.01 MPa ±2.5 MPa. Significantly, the welded pipe outperformed the base metal in terms of mechanical strength, and a 180° bend test demonstrated its ductility by obviating any signs of fracture. Microhardness evaluations showed that the weld metal had maximum values (172 HV 0.5 to 195 HV 0.5) while the base metal area had lower values (150 HV 0.5 to 157 HV 0.5). This in‐depth examination demonstrates potential of commercially pure titanium‐grade 2 for a range of industrial uses and offers insight into effective production of the material via gas tungsten arc welding.
Iron overload is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Qu Huanjia , Zhou Lingling , Wang Jing , Tang Dong , Zhang Qiuling , Shi Junping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between iron metabolism disturbances and metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association of iron overload with MAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis study included 155 Chinese inpatients with T2DM. MAFLD was diagnosed and grouped using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI biomarkers such as proton density fat fraction and iron accumulation () were measured. Their clinical characteristics were compared, and the association of iron metabolism markers with MAFLD in patients with T2DM was analyzed.ResultsIron metabolism markers, including MRI‐, ferritin, serum iron, hepcidin, and total iron‐binding capacity, were overloaded in groups with MAFLD (p < 0.001 for trend). They were positively correlated with MAFLD and reflected the severity of MAFLD. The five markers of logistic regression analysis revealed an increased MAFLD risk (p < 0.001 for trend). The areas under the curve of five markers all exceeded 0.5, indicating certain predictive values for MAFLD.ConclusionsMAFLD is associated with significant iron overload in Chinese patients with T2DM. Serum iron, ferritin, total iron‐binding capacity, hepcidin, and value are essential iron metabolism markers to evaluate and predict the progression of MAFLD in patients with T2DM.
Associations Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Dyslipidemia: Results From the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS)
Authors: Shahraz Jahangir , Joukar Farahnaz , Sheida Fateme , Yeganeh Sara , Maroufizadeh Saman , Baghaee Massood , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Mansour‐Ghanaei Fariborz 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundObesity and dyslipidemia are interconnected complex conditions and their prevalence differs across different geographical regions. As a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia is often misdiagnosed and inadequately treated, highlighting the need for region‐specific public health policies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the associations between BMI and dyslipidemia in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort study (PGCS) population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analyzed the demographic and biochemical data from 10,519 participants of the PGCS population. Participants were divided into two groups with and without dyslipidemia and were compared based on BMI. Data analysis was performed in SPSS v16 with a significance level of < 0.05.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 51.52 ± 8.90 years. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in all participants was equal to 75.83%. Among those with dyslipidemia, 41.18% and 35.39% had overweight and obesity, respectively. There was a positive association between BMI and the prevalence of dyslipidemia (unadjusted OR = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.10) (p < 0.01), indicating that for a one‐unit increase in participants' BMI, the probability of having dyslipidemia increased by 9%, which remained statistically significant even after adjusting. Analysis of dyslipidemia components and BMI revealed a significant association between elevated TG and cholesterol, as well as low HDL levels and higher BMI (unadjusted OR = 1.04, 1.01, and 1.09, respectively) (p < 0.01). However, this was not statistically significant for high LDL levels (unadjusted OR = 1.01) (p = 0.05).ConclusionGiven the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in our studied region and its strong association with obesity, prioritizing obesity management in public health decision‐making is vital. Greater focus should be given on accessing and modifying the components of dyslipidemia, particularly LDL particles, as a potentially significant research target to prevent the mismanagement of dyslipidemia in individuals with obesity.
Examining the Obstacles to Timely Otolaryngology Care in Ethiopia and Zimbabwe: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Eyassu Daniel G. , Candelo Estephania , Green Katerina J. , Wallerius Katherine P. , Asgedom Brhanu H. , Wiedermann Joshua P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study compares delays in otolaryngologic care between patients in Mekelle, Ethiopia and Harare, Zimbabwe using the Three Delays model. Patient surveys conducted among 46 patients in Zimbabwe during October 2022 and 105 patients in Ethiopia during June 2023 revealed a significantly higher prevalence of delays in seeking and reaching care in Ethiopia. This was in the aftermath of the Tigray War, which damaged the region's health care infrastructure and diminished the trust of patients. In Zimbabwe, there was poor awareness among patients and nonotolaryngologist providers of otolaryngology disease and care capacity leading to delays in seeking and reaching care. Patients in both countries faced delays in receiving appropriate care due to resource limitations, with Ethiopia's constraints worsened by the recent war and Zimbabwe's by consistent health care underfunding. The longest delays were observed in head and neck oncology care. These findings provide a foundation for understanding otolaryngologic care delays in these low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Experimental and numerical study on postbuckling response of natural fiber based functionally graded hybrid composite plates under uniaxial compression
Authors: Pulleti Siva Sankar , Singh Shamsher Bahadur 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNatural fibers in fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are emerging in engineering applications due to their high renewability and sustainability. In recent years, natural fiber based functionally graded hybrid (FH) composites have been developed by combining natural‐synthetic fibers along the thickness by varying the material properties. This study examines the buckling and postbuckling response of the natural fiber based plain and FH composites. Carbon FRP(CFRP), hemp FRP(HFRP) and natural fiber based FH composites are developed with the stacking sequences of (0/90)4s, (−45/+45)4s and (−45/+45/0/90)2s. The experimental tests are conducted on cross‐ply stacking sequence with the help of uniaxial test fixture. For numerical analysis, linear eigenvalue analysis followed by static‐Riks analysis is implemented for the buckling and first‐ply failure (FPF) loads. Later, FH‐based composites are analyzed with small, medium, and big‐size cutouts in circular (C), diamond (D), elliptical‐horizontal (EH), elliptical‐vertical (EV), and square (S) shapes. FH quasi‐isotropic plates (−45/+45/0/90)2s have outperformed the cross‐ply and angle‐ply laminates with an improvement of 73.19% and 12.75% in buckling load and 50% and 22.50% in FPF loads, respectively. Small‐size cutouts performed better than those with medium and big‐size cutouts. Among the cutout shapes on FH based quasi‐isotropic sequence, the elliptical horizontal (EH) small cutout outperformed the other cutout shapes, it had an increased buckling load of 9%, 7.5%, 8%, and 9% over the C, D, EV, and S shape cutouts, respectively. Finally, this study proposes that the natural fiber based FH composites stacked in quasi‐isotropic (−45/+45/0/90)2s sequence with elliptical‐horizontal cutouts in small sizes benefit structural, automotive and architectural applications.Highlights
Natural fiber based FH composites outperformed the HFRP composites.
Quasi‐isotropic composites outperformed the other stacking sequences.
Small‐size cutouts in FH composites performed better than other cutouts.
The elliptical‐horizontal cutout outperformed the other cutout shapes.
FH composites with small cutouts and elliptical‐horizontal are recommended.
Optimization of Starting Material Composition in the Synthesis of Highly Active Magnesium Ethoxide‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts for Propylene Polymerization
Authors: Hamedani Nona Ghasemi , Behrouzi‐Fardmoghadam Mina , Abedini Hossein , Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh , Poater Albert 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe aim to deepen our understanding of the structure‐performance relationship in Ziegler–Natta catalysts (ZNCs) for propylene polymerization. To this end, three different Mg(OEt)₂ supports were synthesized by reacting magnesium powder with varying amounts of MnCl₂ during the magnesium‐ethanol reaction stage. Despite similar XRD patterns among all obtained Mg(OEt)2 samples, at an optimal MnCl2/Mg ratio of 2 g/g, well‐spherically shaped Mg(OEt)2 particles with plate‐like building units were formed. The prepared support precursors were then used in ZNC synthesis with different TiCl₄/Mg(OEt)₂ ratios and internal donor types, and their behavior in propylene polymerization was thoroughly explored. The overall results indicated that the optimal Ti/Mg ratio is 8 mol/mol. Additionally, phthalate as an internal donor demonstrated higher activity compared to diethyl ether or succinate‐based internal donors. The kinetic curve of propylene uptake versus time in polymerization experiments with varying external donor content was mathematically modeled to evaluate changes in rate constants. The calculated rate constants showed that as the external donor content increases, ktrH, kd, kiED and ktED all enhance, while kp decreases significantly due to the poisoning of active sites by the external donor. These findings highlight the critical role of the type and amount of catalyst components in achieving optimal performance.
A New Al Agglomeration Model of Coupling Microscale Propellant Combustion and Its Microstructure: NEPE Propellant as a Case Study
Authors: Chen Kaixuan , Xue Xiaochun , Yu Yonggang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, a new statistical model is introduced to predict the distribution of aluminium (Al) cluster sizes within nitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellant. The methodology involves using a sequential algorithm to populate a cubic space with random spheres, effectively representing the microstructure of Al‐based NEPE propellant. The ‘Pocket model’ previously established by Cohen and Beckstead, in conjunction with a dual‐slicing technique, is utilized to derive a statistically reliable AP intercept. This intercept serves as a measure for the scale of ‘Pockets’, facilitating the management of varying sizes in the heterogeneous propellant structure. Furthermore, Price's leading edge flame (LEF) model is integrated, positing that LEF predominantly drives the formation of Al clusters laterally. In the vertical direction, the residence time of Al particles is considered a significant factor. When both factors align, agglomeration occurs. This study represents the first comprehensive attempt to model the pronounced agglomeration phenomenon in Al‐based NEPE propellant. Comparison with experimental data shows a satisfactory alignment, though some discrepancies highlight areas for further refinement of the model.
Phase I Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Voriconazole in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects With Stable Asthma
Authors: Caponetti Giovanni , Sala Federica , Cervetti Antonio , Colombo Daniele , Tiberio Elena , Singh Dave 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single and multiple doses of a novel inhaled formulation of voriconazole (ZP‐059). In the single ascending dose part, 4 cohorts of 6 healthy subjects received one dose of inhaled voriconazole (5–40 mg). In the multiple ascending dose part, 3 cohorts of 6 subjects with mild asthma received voriconazole 10 mg twice daily [BID], 20 mg BID or 40 mg once daily. In the 2‐period crossover part, 16 subjects with mild to moderate asthma each received one dose of inhaled voriconazole 20 mg and one dose of oral voriconazole 200 mg. A bioanalytical method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine concentrations of voriconazole and its metabolite N‐oxide voriconazole in serum and sputum. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated with no treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) leading to treatment discontinuation. The PK profile of inhaled voriconazole showed rapid absorption, apparent greater than proportional increase in exposure with increasing dose, a consistent half‐life across dosing, and large clearance and volume of distribution. Following repeat administration limited accumulation was observed. Systemic exposure following inhaled voriconazole was much lower than following oral voriconazole. Serum data confirmed that voriconazole was extensively metabolized also when administered by inhalation. Sputum data following inhaled voriconazole were limited but demonstrated increasing exposure with increasing dose. The current study shows the newly developed dry powder inhaled formulation of voriconazole to be safe and well tolerated, providing a possible improved treatment approach for patients affected by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04229303
Synthesis of Anabaenopeptins With a Strategic Eye Toward N‐Terminal Sequence Diversity
Authors: Venneti Naresh M. , Ramakrishna Boddu S. , Harris Zoee K. , Kasmer Sydney C. , Anderson Dennis P. , Peraino Nicholas J. , Westrick Judy A. , Stockdill Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA divergent synthesis strategy was developed for producing various anabaenopeptins (AP) for harmful algal bloom monitoring. The synthesis involved on‐resin stepwise pentapeptide assembly on a MeDbz linker then N‐α‐ureido amino acid attachment and cyclization. To manage N‐methylated amino acids, modified coupling conditions were employed. Lysine's ε‐amino group reacted with the activated MeDbz linker in a self‐cleaving head‐to‐side chain cyclization. Cyclization conditions were optimized by screening different pH levels to control lysine α‐amine cyclization and prevent hydrolysis. Global cleavage and purification afforded the pure anabaenopeptins. This approach proved effective as a general platform for anabaenopeptin synthesis, allowing rapid access to anabaenopeptins A, B, F, and oscillamide Y.