bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemangiomata of skeletal muscle
Authors: Fergusson I L C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of skeletal muscle haemangiomata are described.
All previous cases of this condition are reviewed and a brief account is given of the important facets of aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Wherever a soft-tissue swelling presents in the region of skeletal muscle the possible diagnosis of a haemangioma should be considered and may frequently be confirmed pre-operatively with the aid of radiography.
Local excision remains the treatment of choice wherever possible.
Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus. Avoidance of postoperative morbidity
Authors: Keighley M R B , Girdwood R W , Ionescu M I , Wooler G H 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwelve cases of ‘spontaneous rupture’ of the oesophagus occurring over a period of 20 years (1951–71) are reviewed. The principal clinical and radiological features are described and the factors concerned in the pathogenesis of this condition are discussed. Although the mortality rate in this study was low (8 per cent) the incidence of severe post-operative complications was considerable, occurring in 10 of the 11 operative survivors. The importance of early diagnosis and adequate surgical treatment in the avoidance of this high morbidity is stressed.
The effect of ischaemic injury on kidneys preserved for 24 hours before transplantation
Authors: Johnson R W G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Kidneys have been preserved for 24 hours by three methods–continuous hypothermic perfusion with plasma protein fraction (P.P.F.), simple ice storage using the method of Collins, Bravo-Shugarman, and Terasaki (1969), and a combination of simple ice storage followed by continuous perfusion. Prior to preservation the kidneys were subjected to warm ischaemic intervals varying from 0 to 180 minutes.
Kidneys preserved without warm ischaemia functioned immediately whichever method was used. Kidneys preserved by perfusion after up to 60 minutes of warm ischamia returned to normal function; kidneys preserved by Collins's method did not function after ischaemic injury.
The period of storage of ischaemically injured kidneys initially preserved by Collins's method can be extended to 24 hours by subsequent continuous perfusion, but the results are not as good as with perfusion alone. A fall in perfusate pH was a reliable indication that kidneys would not function after 24 hours' storage.
Bilateral traumatic renal artery occlusion with survival after late reconstitution of arterial flow
Authors: Birkenstock W E , Rabkin R , Stables D P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Survival after bilateral traumatic renal artery occlusion is uncommon. A patient is described who recovered useful renal function despite a 12-hour delay in reconstitution of arterial flow. Postoperative oliguria latest 45 days, necessitating prolonged haemodialysis.
Investigation of oedema of the lower limb following successful femoropopliteal by-pass surgery: The role of phlebography in demonstrating venous thrombosis
Authors: Hamer J D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Of 21 limbs having successful femoropopliteal vein by-pass grafts, 20 showed peripheral oedema 7 days after operation. Circumferential enlargement of more than 4.5 cm. was associated with thrombosis of the popliteal or tibial veins, whereas legs enlarging less than 1.5 cm. did not show radiological evidence of venous thrombosis.
Venous thrombosis is less likely after surgery for intermittent claudication than for rest pain or gangrene of the toes.
Distal anastomosis of the vein-graft to the popliteal artery is more often accompanied by venous thrombosis than anastomosis above the knee-joint.
Factors influencing prognosis in the surgery of peripheral vascular disease: Platelet adhesiveness, plasma fibrinogen, and fibrinolysis
Authors: Hamer J D , Ashton F , Meynell M J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study of 76 patients having aorto-iliac (46) and femoropopliteal (30) surgery for atherosclerosis has shown a significant correlation between increased platelet adhesiveness, prolonged clot lysis, and failure of the reconstruction between 3 months and 5 years after operation. In addition, a raised plasmafibrinogen level, persisting 1 year after reconstruction, is often associated with failure. Patients having predominantly femoropopliteal disease show a significantly higher plasma-fibrinogen level than those with localized aorto-iliac disease. This correlation is such that when a high plasma-fibrinogen level is found in a patient with the clinical features of aorto-iliac disease it may be inferred that the femoropopliteal segment is also involved.
Gastric ulcer treated by vagotomy, pyloroplasty, and ulcerectomy
Authors: Daniels H A , Strachan A W B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Sixty-two patients with gastric ulcers have been treated by vagotomy, pyloroplasty, and excision of the ulcers from 1963 to 1971. There has been only 1 recurrence.
It is suggested that excision of the ulcer is an important step in conservative surgery for gastric ulcer.
Mousseau-barbin tubes for the treatment of carcinoma of the lower two-thirds of the oesophagus results and operative techniques
Authors: Holden M P , Wooler G H , Ionescu M I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-three patients have undergone insertion of a Mousseau-Barbin tube for the correction of dysphagia due to inoperable carcinoma of the stomach or the oesophagus. All the patients obtained relief of their symptoms and there was no postoperative mortality or infection.
Technical details are discussed which are designed to reduce the occurrence of obstruction of the tube and erosion of the mucosa of stomach and oesophagus, and to facilitate insertion of the tube in difficult cases.
Duodeno-ureteric fistula
Authors: Hoare E M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of a duodeno-ureteric fistula in a man of 46 years is described. This is a rare condition, only 2 previous cases having been reported. The patient did not agree to operation and no tissue is available for histological examination. However, reasons are given for believing this to be the first case in which the primary pathology is in the duodenum.
Reversed rotation of the gut incidental to cholecystitis in a left-sided gall-bladder
Authors: Stagg L H , Sheiner H J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient with reversed rotation of the midgut loop of the retro-arterial colon type is reported. She is unique in being the first case recorded in the literature with a right-sided colon and a left-sided liver without situs inversus of the abdominal viscera. An explanation of the findings is suggested, based on known embryological facts.
Previous reports indicate that patients with reversed rotation all present with obstructive symptoms secondary to the altered anatomy. This patient is unusual in that her symptoms and pathology were unrelated to the anatomical abnormality.
The surgical management of acute renal papillary necrosis
Authors: Jameson R M , Heal M R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Analgesic nephropathy can present as an obstructive uropathy by ureteric impaction of a sloughed renal papilla. Five out of 12 patients admitted with analgesic nephropathy presented with obstructive renal failure. Endoscopic surgery to deal with the obstruction was successful in every case. Removal of the necrotic renal papilla with a Dormia ureteric stone basket was performed six times whilst ureteric catheterization was sufficient to restore urine flow on two occasions. Two of the 5 patients had had a previous nephrectomy for obstructive pyelonephritis. These results suggest that endoscopic surgery is safe and effective in the treatment of acute obstructive renal papillary necrosis.
The effect of insulin hypoglycaemia on serum gastrin and gastric acid in normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer
Authors: Cowley D J , Baron J H , Hansky J , Korman M G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Serum gastrin was measured by radio-immuno-assay in normal subjects and in patients with duodenal ulcer during insulin hypoglycaemia with and without concomitant aspiration of gastric acid. Insulin hypoglycaemia alone caused a rise in serum gastrin from 8.0 to 45.0 pg. per ml. in patients with duodenal ulcer, which was significantly greater than the rise from 13.0 to 29.0 pg. per ml. in normal subjects. During gastric aspiration serum-gastrin levels remained elevated for longer periods. The maximum increase of serum gastrin after insulin during gastric aspiration provided an almost complete discrimination between patients with duodenal ulcer and normal subjects. This discrimination between the groups was complete when serum gastrin was measured during insulin hypoglycaemia combined with intragastric neutralization of acid. The timing of the peak serum gastrin and the lowest blood-glucose coincided, but the peak acid output occurred 15–30 minutes later. Serum gastrin was inversely correlated with blood-glucose. Blood-glucose decreased to significantly lower levels in unaspirated than in aspirated subjects.
These studies suggest that patients with duodenal ulcer produce more gastrin than normal subjects in response to insulin hypoglycaemia (and, by inference, to vagal stimulation). The results support the concept of an increased functional G-cell mass in duodenal ulcer patients, and indicate the physiological roles of vagally released gastrin and of the acid inhibitory mechanism. Discriminant functions observed in the study could form the basis of tests for the presence of the duodenal ulcer diathesis.
Volvulus of the caecum: Caecopexy by polyvinyl alcohol sponge
Authors: El-Katib Y 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Six cases of caecal volvulus were encountered. In one, with a gangrenous caecum, a right hemicolectomy was carried out. In the other five, with a viable caecum, caecopexy using a strip of polyvinyl alcohol sponge was carried out. No complications or recurrences have followed this form of treatment.
The effect of intestinal preparation on fluid and electrolyte balance
Authors: Irvin T T , Hayter C J , Warren K E , Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It has been suggested that circulatory instability in elderly patients after the induction of anaesthesia is frequently accounted for by undiagnosed hypovolaemia, particularly in cases of intestinal cancer when preoperative mechanical bowel preparation has been used.
In the present study measurements were made in 25 patients undergoing mechanical bowel preparation for large-bowel cancer surgery.
Blood-volume measurements remained within normal limits after bowel preparation, and in 5 patients no change was found in total body exchangeable sodium, extracellular fluid volume, and plasma volume measured before and after bowel preparation.
Fluid and electrolyte balance studies in 11 cases showed that renal conservation of sodium occurred in the 24 hours preceding surgery and this is probably accounted for by diminished dietary intake. Circulatory instability after the induction of anaesthesia was commonly encountered but in most cases this was not the result of preoperative dehydration.
The response of the lower oesophageal sphincter to a test-meal stimulus
Authors: Roszkowski A , Guillou P , Giles G R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The response of the lower oesophageal sphincter to test meals has been assessed using two manometric techniques. Tests in which the sphincteric pressures were continuously monitored proved to be the most satisfactory and test meals which were predominantly meat extract provided the greatest stimulus. Normal subjects increased the sphincteric pressure 86.7 per cent above the basal levels within 30 minutes of the introduction of the test meal, whereas patients with symptomatic hiatus hernia had diminished responses with pressure increases of only 30 per cent above basal levels. Patients with peptic ulceration or stricture of the oesophagus failed to respond to any form of test meal.
The effect of hypophysectomy on the cortisol secretion in 4 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Lewis A A M , Deshpande N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A raised cortisol production rate is found in patients with advanced breast cancer. The cortisol production rate was estimated before and after hypophysectomy in 4 patients with metastatic disease and was found to fall to one-sixth of the original level. It is concluded that the high preoperative cortisol production rate was dependent on pituitary function and was not due to the production of corticotrophin by the tumour cells.
Meningioma following trauma
Authors: Whatmore W J , Hitchcock E R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case report is given of the development of an intracranial meningioma at the site of an authentic head injury incurred 21 years previously. The available literature on the subject is reviewed. The criteria satisfying the concept of trauma being a significant aetiological factor in the production of such tumours are stated and it is shown that the meningioma reported in this paper fulfils all these criteria. The aetiology of such tumours is discussed in further detail.
Acid secretion in relation to recurrence of duodenal ulcer after vagotomy and drainage
Authors: Cowley D J , Spencer J , Baron J H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The acid secretory responses of patients with recurrent ulcer after vagotomy and drainage have been compared retrospectively with those of patients with a positive insulin test but no recurrent ulcer and with those of patients with a negative insulin test. Patients with recurrent ulcer were on average 10 years younger than patients with an incomplete vagotomy but no recurrence, although their preand postoperative acid secretory responses were similar.
Insulin tests were unreliable when performed less than 3 months after vagotomy. The only possible criterion by which recurrent ulceration could be predicted was a postoperative reduction in the peak acid output after pentagastrin of less than 60 per cent. Equal numbers of patients with ‘early’ and ‘late’ positive responses to insulin developed a recurrent ulcer.
Routine postoperative insulin tests may be helpful in assessing the efficiency of the vagotomist but are of limited prognostic value.
The chief value of postoperative insulin tests appears to be in the diagnostic evaluation of postvagotomy dyspepsia.
Lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast
Authors: Macaulay R A A , Mitchinson M J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Ten patients with lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast have been seen in 2 1/2 years in Cambridge. Within that period of time 8 of these patients also had infiltrating carcinoma. Four out of 5 cases had bilateral lobular carcinoma in situ and 2 patients had bilateral infiltrating carcinomas. The premalignant nature of lobular carcinoma in situ is not proven but is likely. It is suggested that the evidence supports previously expressed views that a histological diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ merits mastectomy and a large contralateral biopsy in the first instance.
Acute mesenteric vascular occlusion occurring on top of chronic localized occlusion
Authors: Petty A H , Goode A W 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAcute mesenteric arterial occlusion occurring on top of chronic occlusion and causing necrosis of a short length of bowel is rare.Three such cases are described. All were operated upon but only 1 has survived.The literature on the subject is discussed.
Oesophageal perforation a report of 13 cases
Authors: van Walleghem J , Muller H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 13 cases of oesophageal perforation seen between 1961 and 1972 is reported. The various causes of perforation are discussed, with emphasis on the need for rapid diagnosis.
Conservative treatment is considered to lead to a high mortality-rate. One of the 10 patients who were treated surgically in this series died. It is recommended that patients with a carcinoma be treated in a single operation, and in achalasia of the cardia the use of a rigid oesophagoscope should be avoided.
The occurrence of carcinoid tumour in teratoma of the testis
Authors: Sinnatamby C S , Gordon A B , Griffiths J D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The third reported case of a carcinoid tumour arising in a teratoma of the testis is presented. The points of difference between the present case and the 2 previously reported ones are discussed.
Unusual locations of carcinoid tumours are considered in the light of theories explaining their origins. The features of ovarian carcinoid tumours are reviewed and parallels drawn between them and the rarer testicular carcinoid tumours.
Colonoscopy in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma from diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon
Authors: Dean Alan C B , Newell J P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirty-six patients in whom barium-enema examination had suggested the possibility of carcinoma in a segment of diverticular disease were examined by colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is particularly difficult in such patients and it failed to examine the diseased segment in 17 cases. Colonoscopy gave a firm diagnosis of carcinoma in 4 cases, excluded it in 5, and was helpful in another 9. There was 1 false negative.
Long-term results of surgical treatment for bleeding oesophageal varices in children with portal hypertension
Authors: Keighley M R B , Girdwood R W , Wooler G H , Ionescu M I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The long-term results of surgical treatment for bleeding oesophageal varices in children with portal hypertension are reviewed. Twenty-four children below the age of 13 years who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding over a 20-year period form the basis of this study. The importance of the aetiology of portal hypertension on the long-term follow-up has been studied. The results of surgical treatment in controlling haemorrhage are assessed.
Though extrahepatic obstruction is considered to be associated with a better long-term prognosis than intrahepatic disease the results of treatment in both groups were similar, with a 7-year survival rate of 75 per cent. Shunt surgery as a definitive procedure is advised in both groups, though the type of shunt used will depend on the age of the child and the site of obstruction.
Circulatory patterns in the normal hand
Authors: Little J M , Zylstra P L , West J , May J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Circulation in 100 apparently normal hands was studied clinically by the use of the Allen test and ultrasonically with a Doppler flowmeter. Circulatory dynamics in the hand were found to follow a very variable pattern, the ulnar artery being the dominant source of supply in most hands. It was concluded that collateral circulation in the hand would generally maintain viability of the fingers when either the radial or ulnar artery was occluded at the wrist. In 9 per cent of hands, however, there was evidence of more drastic disturbance of the circulation on occlusion of the ulnar artery, and in 6 per cent the same finding was made upon occlusion of the radial artery. The Allen test was positive in only 3 per cent of the hands, and in each case the ultrasonic examination confirmed the dependence of the digital circulation on a single artery at the wrist. It is suggested that these variations in collateral adequacy in the hand may explain ischaemic phenomena seen in some patients with the ‘hammer-hand’ syndrome, in a few patients after radial artery cannulation for monitoring purposes, and in a somewhat higher percentage of patients having arteriovenous fistulae constructed at the wrist for long-term haemodialysis. It is also suggested that patients undergoing procedures which will distort radial artery haemodynamics in the hand should be screened to test collateral adequacy.
‘Spontaneous’ rupture of the diaphragm during delivery
Authors: Dave K S , Bekassy S M , Wooler G H , Ionescu M I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of ‘spontaneous’ diaphragmatic rupture occurring during a normal delivery and resulting in herniation, incarceration, and gangrene of the stomach and omentum is described. Resection of incarcerated viscera was followed by complete recovery. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of such a complication of a ‘normal’ delivery.
The prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis with dextran 70
Authors: Carter A E , Eban R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and six patients undergoing major surgery were given dextran 70-500 ml. during operation, 500 ml. on the following day, and then 500 ml. on alternate days until discharge. Of these patients, I developed a deep venous thrombosis after the operation (0-94 per cent). One hundred and one patients acted as control subjects and, of these, 10 developed deep venous thrombosis (9-9 per cent). This reduction in incidence of thrombosis is significant at the 2 per cent level, indicating that dextran 70, as macrodex 6 per cent in 5 per cent dextrose, in the régime given is a simple and effective means of reducing deep venous thrombosis after major surgery.
A new method for detecting clotting in shunts used for haemodialysis
Authors: Salaman J R , Chu J , Crosby D L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thermographic materials were used to monitor the rate of blood-flow through haemodialysis shunts. In an experimental and clinical study it was found that these materials would indicate by a change in colour when blood-flow through a shunt had become diminished or had ceased altogether. As a result clotting episodes were rapidly and easily diagnosed by the patients, and subsequent declotting of the shunts was readily achieved.
Infarction of fibro-adenoma of the breast
Authors: Newman Joseph , Kahn Leonard B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Infarction of benign lesions of the breast is very uncommon and may lead to difficulties in clinical and pathological diagnosis. Five instances of infarction occurring in a fibro-adenoma are described; in 2 of them thrombo-occlusive vascular changes were seen. The aetiology, pathogenesis, and helpful diagnostic features are discussed.
Phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated transformation of peripheral and lymph-node lymphocytes in patients with gastro-intestinal cancer
Authors: Guillou P J , Brennan T G , Giles G R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation has been studied in 10 patients with gastro-intestinal cancer and in 8 control subjects. When cultured in autologous serum, peripheral lymphocytes from cancer patients exhibited lower transformation indices (L.T.I.) than did those of control subjects. Culture in AB serum resulted in an elevation of the L.T.I. of peripheral lymphocytes from cancer patients whilst those of the controls were essentially unchanged. Of 6 control subjects, 5 showed reduced L.T.I.'s when their circulating lymphocytes were cultured in serum from cancer patients. Mesenteric lymph-node lymphocytes from patients with cancer also showed lower indices compared with the control group and these were elevated by culture in AB serum.
Analysis of flow patterns in venous insufficiency
Authors: Somerville J J F , Byrne P J , Fegan W G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study has been made of 44 patients with venous insufficiency. Tape recordings of Doppler shift signals during reverse flow in the long saphenous vein have been subjected to frequency analysis to determine whether laminar or turbulent flow was present. Analysis of flow patterns along with evidence of calf muscle pump dysfunction enabled the patients to be classified into three groups: Group 1Patients showing laminar reverse flow, minimal varices and minimal symptoms.Group 2Patients with laminar reverse flow, minimal varices, severe symptoms and signs of calf pump dysfunction.Group 3Patients with turbulent reverse flow, gross varices, negligible symptoms and no evidence of calf pump dysfunction.
The relationship between the three groups and their possible prognoses are discussed.