bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Mortality among 100 Consecutive Pancreaticoduodenectomies in a Middle‐volume Center
Authors: Suzuki Yasuyuki , Fujino Yasuhiro , Ajiki Tetsuo , Ueda Takashi , Sakai Tetsuya , Tanioka Yasuki , Kuroda Yoshikazu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMortality rate following pancreaticoduodenectomy has markedly decreased in high‐volume centers. We achieved zero mortality among 100 pancreaticoduodenectomies in a middle‐volume center. The purpose of this study was to review our experience and analyze factors contributing to the zero mortality. Patient backgrounds, intraoperative variables, postoperative complications, and surgical, radiologic, and other medical interventions for the complications were retrospectively analyzed for 100 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies for malignant or benign disease. The mean age of the patients was 63 years. Altogether, 59 patients had preoperative co‐morbidity, and 35 had a past history of abdominal surgery. The median operating time and blood loss were 525 minutes and 1215 ml, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in 42 patients. The most frequent complication was pancreatic stump leak (n = 12), but no life‐threatening pancreatic anastomotic leak occurred. This may result from the duct invagination anastomosis applied to 67 pancreases with a small duct. Serious complications were seen in six patients; two patients required surgical intervention, but four were successfully treated with the help of interventional radiologists or internists. Radiologic intervention was applied to 13 patients: drainage of an intraabdominal abscess/collection and vascular intervention. In addition to advances in surgical techniques to reduce local complications, particularly pancreatic anastomotic leak, intimate collaboration with experienced interventional radiologists and internists allows zero mortality even in middle‐volume centers.
Anti‐apoptosis Effects of Oxymatrine Protect the Liver from Warm Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Jiang Hongchi , Meng Fanqiang , Li Jie , Sun Xueying 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWarm ischemia and reperfusion (WI/R) results in the release of destructive proinflammatory cytokines and oxygen free radicals, which in turn cause injury to the liver. Apoptosis is regarded as the central mechanism of liver injury during WI/R. Oxymatrine, an extract from a traditional Chinese herb, Sophora flavescens Ait, has been widely used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis, by virtue of its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic activity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether administration of oxymatrine could protect livers against WI/R. The experimental design consisted of three groups of rats (each group contained 10 Wistar rats): one group were treated by sham‐operation; the second (control) group with WI/R were administrated saline, and the third group, rats with WI/R, were administered oxymatrine). Oxymatrine was intravenously administered before a 30‐minute period of ischemia. Blood samples were collected for biochemical assay. Liver samples taken at different time points underwent histological examination for detection of apoptotic cells, and Western blotting analysis for Fas and Fas ligand, the key factors in the upper apoptotic pathways. Histologic alteration of the liver was attenuated in oxymatrine‐treated rats, and the serum levels of AST and ALT were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced (73% and 61%, respectively). Oxymatrine significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, as examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL), and it reduced the apoptotic index by 65% (P < 0.05%) as detected by flow cytometry. The anti‐apoptotic activity of oxymatrine depends mainly on downregulation of Fas and Fas ligand. The results of this study indicate that oxymatrine may represent a potent drug to protect the liver against WI/R injury.
Favorable Surgical Results in 433 Elderly Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Uruno Takashi , Miyauchi Akira , Shimizu Kazuo , Tomoda Chisato , Takamura Yuuki , Ito Yasuhiro , Miya Akihiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Matsuzuka Fumio , Amino Nobuyuki , Kuma Kanji 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a good prognosis among patients younger than 45 years old, but the prognosis in elder is worse and treatment strategy is not well established. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features and outcomes of 433 patients with PTC aged 70 years or older. The patients consisted of three groups: group A (n = 327); patients receiving surgical treatment, group B (n = 51); patients with microcancer (maximal diameter, ≤ 1.0 cm) who did not undergo surgical treatment, group C (n = 55); patients in whom surgery was contraindicated due to age, high surgical risk or complication by other illnesses. In group A, the mean tumor size was 2.6 ± 1.5 cm, and 218 patients (66.7%) had pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis; 110 patients (33.6%) had extrathyroidal invasion. The 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates (OSR) in group A were 97.2% and 85%, respectively, which was significantly higher than the 5‐year OSR in group C (62.6%). The 5‐ and 10‐year disease‐specific survival rates (DSSR) in group A were 98.5% and 91.3%, respectively, which was also significantly higher than the 5‐year DSSR in group C (81.8%). Although the patients in group B did not receive any treatment, none of them demonstrated cause‐specific death or progression of disease. Papillary thyroid cancer in elderly patients, except for microcancers, may be biologically aggressive. Thus surgery is recommended for these patients, if their general status is judged able to tolerate the stress of anesthesia and surgery.
Studies on the mode of action of probiotics: effects of the spore-specific dipicolinic acid on selected intestinal bacteria
Authors: JADAMUS A. , VAHJEN W. , SIMON O. 
Published: October 2005

Bacterial growth inhibiting effects of dipicolinic acid (DPA), which occurs in spores of probiotic Bacillus spp. strains, was studied with a range of Lactobacillus spp. (13), Enterococcus spp. (14), and E. coli strains (8) in vitro. In vivo effects were studied in a broiler chicken nutrition trial and DPA supplemented feed (10 g/kg).In vitro studies showed that DPA inhibited growth of most Lactobacillus spp. strains to a larger extent than E. coli strains. Enterococci were generally influenced less by DPA. However, in each group of bacteria some strains were less inhibited by DPA than others. Intestinal lactic acid bacteria in the jejunum and ileum showed a trend (P[les ]0·1) for lower counts in birds fed the DPA-supplemented feed on day 14 and 21. Counts of enterobacteria were not significantly influenced by DPA. No differences in colony counts were observed in 28-day-old animals. Digesta pH was not statistically reduced, but a lower crop pH was recorded throughout the nutrition trial.The study showed that dipicolinic acid, present in probiotic Bacillus spp. spores, is inhibitory for in vitro growth of most lactobacilli and enterobacteria, while growth of enterococci was less inhibited. Intestinal colony counts in young broiler chickens fed a DPA-supplemented diet in part mirrored in vitro results.
NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE BURDEN OF HISTORY
Authors: LEE KLEIN KERWIN 
Published: October 2005

Steven Conn, History's Shadow: Native Americans and Historical Consciousness in the Nineteenth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004)Maureen Konkle, Writing Indian Nations: Native Intellectuals and the Politics of Historiography, 1827–1863 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004)New histories of indigenous and colonized peoples have revitalized some ancient questions. When and where does a properly historical discourse begin and why? The profession has traditionally given two different answers to the “when” and “where” queries. One venerable account holds that history proper begins with the Greeks and takes Herodotus (or Thucydides, depending on the political climate) for its founding patriarch. The second answer holds that historical consciousness only begins with modernity, and that real historical discourse—including the beginnings of professional, disciplined historiography—starts in Europe.
THINKING AND NOT THINKING ABOUT RACE IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: FARBER DAVID 
Published: October 2005

John Skrentny, The Minority Rights Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002)Richard King, Race, Culture and the Intellectuals, 1940–1970 (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Press, 2004)Since June 1964, all three branches of the federal government have supported the goal of racial justice in the United States. John Skrentny, in The Minority Rights Revolution, explains how that goal and related ones have been implemented over the last sixty years. He argues that key policy developments since that time were driven less by mass movements and much more by elite “meaning entrepreneurs.” Well before the 1964 Civil Rights Act was made law, in the immediate post-World War II years, a bevy of transatlantic intellectuals responded to Nazi race policy by seeking a universalist vision that would unite humanity. Richard King, in Race, Culture and the Intellectuals, explores how intellectuals pursued that anti-racist universalist vision and then how African and African-American intellectuals in the 1960s, in particular, rejected universalism and began, instead, to pursue racial justice through cultural particularism. King's traditional intellectual history, when combined with Skrentny's sociological analysis of how elites managed ideas to pursue specific policies, reveals how American society, in pursuit of racial justice, moved from the simple stated ideals of the 1964 Civil Rights Act—equal opportunity and access—to the complexities of affirmative action and an embrace of “diversity” in American life.
BACK FROM THE GRAVE: MARC FUMAROLI'S CHATEAUBRIAND
Authors: POPKIN JEREMY D. 
Published: October 2005

Marc Fumaroli, Chateaubriand: Poésie et terreur (Paris: Fallois, 2003)Has the time come to revive François-René de Chateaubriand (1768–1848), author of Atala and René, the novels that defined romanticism in France and, above all, of the immense Mémoires d'outre-tombe (“Memoirs from beyond the grave”), perhaps the most ambitious of all French autobiographical projects? What does an eighteenth-century provincial nobleman's son, author of fanciful tales of encounters with North American “noble savages,” apologist for medieval Christianity, and unsuccessful proponent of a Bourbon restoration after 1815, have to say to twenty-first-century readers? The first important study of Chateaubriand's career, the nineteenth-century literary critic Sainte-Beuve's Chateaubriand et son groupe littéraire sous l'Empire, written in 1849, firmly assigned the great romantic author to an earlier phase of French letters. Commenting on the just-published posthumous Mémoires, Sainte-Beuve admitted that the work revealed Chateaubriand's “immense talent as a writer,” but damned the work by saying that “he reveals himself in all his egotistical nakedness.” The distinguished French literary scholar Marc Fumaroli has now set out to reverse these verdicts on the man and the Mémoires.
Isolation, Characterization, and Pericycle-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of the Novel Maize Lateral and Seminal Root Initiation Mutant rum1
Authors: Woll Katrin , Borsuk Lisa A. , Stransky Harald , Nettleton Dan , Schnable Patrick S. , Hochholdinger Frank 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The monogenic recessive maize (Zea mays) mutant rootless with undetectable meristems 1 (rum1) is deficient in the initiation of the embryonic seminal roots and the postembryonic lateral roots at the primary root. Lateral root initiation at the shoot-borne roots and development of the aerial parts of the mutant rum1 are not affected. The mutant rum1 displays severely reduced auxin transport in the primary root and a delayed gravitropic response. Exogenously applied auxin does not induce lateral roots in the primary root of rum1. Lateral roots are initiated in a specific cell type, the pericycle. Cell-type-specific transcriptome profiling of the primary root pericycle 64 h after germination, thus before lateral root initiation, via a combination of laser capture microdissection and subsequent microarray analyses of 12k maize microarray chips revealed 90 genes preferentially expressed in the wild-type pericycle and 73 genes preferentially expressed in the rum1 pericycle (fold change &gt;2; P-value &lt;0.01; estimated false discovery rate of 13.8%). Among the 51 annotated genes predominately expressed in the wild-type pericycle, 19 genes are involved in signal transduction, transcription, and the cell cycle. This analysis defines an array of genes that is active before lateral root initiation and will contribute to the identification of checkpoints involved in lateral root formation downstream of rum1.
MYB98Is Required for Pollen Tube Guidance and Synergid Cell Differentiation inArabidopsis
Authors: Kasahara Ryushiro D. , Portereiko Michael F. , Sandaklie-Nikolova Linda , Rabiger David S. , Drews Gary N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe synergid cells of the female gametophyte play a role in many steps of the angiosperm fertilization process, including guidance of pollen tube growth to the female gametophyte. However, the mechanisms by which the synergid cells become specified and develop their unique features during female gametophyte development are not understood. We identified MYB98 in a screen for Arabidopsis thaliana genes expressed in the female gametophyte. MYB98 is a member of the R2R3-MYB gene family, the members of which likely encode transcription factors. In the context of the ovule, MYB98 is expressed exclusively in the synergid cells, and mutations in this gene affect the female gametophyte specifically. myb98 female gametophytes are affected in two unique features of the synergid cell, pollen tube guidance and the filiform apparatus, but are otherwise normal. MYB98 also is expressed in trichomes and endosperm. Homozygous myb98 mutants exhibit no sporophytic defects, including trichome and endosperm defects. Together, these data suggest that MYB98 controls the development of specific features within the synergid cell during female gametophyte development.
Diacidic Motifs Influence the Export of Transmembrane Proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Plant Cells
Authors: Hanton Sally L. , Renna Luciana , Bortolotti Lauren E. , Chatre Laurent , Stefano Giovanni , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
In yeast and mammals, amino acid motifs in the cytosolic tails of transmembrane domains play a role in protein trafficking by facilitating export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, little is known about ER export signals of membrane proteins in plants. Therefore, we investigated the role of diacidic motifs in the ER export of Golgi-localized membrane proteins. We show that diacidic motifs perform a significant function in the export of transmembrane proteins to the Golgi apparatus, as mutations of these signals impede the efficient anterograde transport of multispanning, type II, and type I proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that diacidic motifs instigate the export of proteins that reside in the ER due to the lengths of their transmembrane domains. However, not all of the diacidic motifs in the cytosolic tails of the proteins studied were equally important in ER export. Transport of Golgi proteins was disrupted only by mutagenesis of specific diacidic signals, suggesting that the protein environment of these signals affects their function. Our findings indicate that diacidic ER export motifs are present and functional in plant membrane proteins and that they are dominant over transmembrane domain length in determining the export of proteins from the ER in plant cells.
Structure of Ptr ToxA: An RGD-Containing Host-Selective Toxin fromPyrenophora tritici-repentis
Authors: Sarma Ganapathy N. , Manning Viola A. , Ciuffetti Lynda M. , Karplus P. Andrew 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTan spot of wheat (Triticum aestivum), caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, has significant agricultural and economic impact. Ptr ToxA (ToxA), the first discovered proteinaceous host-selective toxin, is produced by certain P. tritici-repentis races and is necessary and sufficient to cause cell death in sensitive wheat cultivars. We present here the high-resolution crystal structure of ToxA in two different crystal forms, providing four independent views of the protein. ToxA adopts a single-domain, β-sandwich fold of novel topology. Mapping of the existing mutation data onto the structure supports the hypothesized importance of an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and surrounding sequence. Its occurrence in a single, solvent-exposed loop in the protein suggests that it is directly involved in recognition events required for ToxA action. Furthermore, the ToxA structure reveals a surprising similarity with the classic mammalian RGD-containing domain, the fibronectin type III (FnIII) domain: the two topologies are related by circular permutation. The similar topologies and the positional conservation of the RGD-containing loop raises the possibility that ToxA is distantly related to mammalian FnIII proteins and that to gain entry it binds to an integrin-like receptor in the plant host.
TheArabidopsisCold-Responsive Transcriptome and Its Regulation by ICE1
Authors: Lee Byeong-ha , Henderson David A. , Zhu Jian-Kang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTo understand the gene network controlling tolerance to cold stress, we performed an Arabidopsis thaliana genome transcript expression profile using Affymetrix GeneChips that contain ∼24,000 genes. We statistically determined 939 cold-regulated genes with 655 upregulated and 284 downregulated. A large number of early cold-responsive genes encode transcription factors that likely control late-responsive genes, suggesting a multitude of transcriptional cascades. In addition, many genes involved in chromatin level and posttranscriptional regulation were also cold regulated, suggesting their involvement in cold-responsive gene regulation. A number of genes important for the biosynthesis or signaling of plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and auxin, are regulated by cold stress, which is of potential importance in coordinating cold tolerance with growth and development. We compared the cold-responsive transcriptomes of the wild type and inducer of CBF expression 1 (ice1), a mutant defective in an upstream transcription factor required for chilling and freezing tolerance. The transcript levels of many cold-responsive genes were altered in the ice1 mutant not only during cold stress but also before cold treatments. Our study provides a global picture of the Arabidopsis cold-responsive transcriptome and its control by ICE1 and will be valuable for understanding gene regulation under cold stress and the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance.
The NAC Transcription Factors NST1 and NST2 ofArabidopsisRegulate Secondary Wall Thickenings and Are Required for Anther Dehiscence
Authors: Mitsuda Nobutaka , Seki Motoaki , Shinozaki Kazuo , Ohme-Takagi Masaru 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn plants, secondary wall thickenings play important roles in various biological processes, although the factors regulating these processes remain to be characterized. We show that expression of chimeric repressors derived from NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1) and NST2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in an anther dehiscence defect due to loss of secondary wall thickening in anther endothecium. Plants with double, but not single, T-DNA–tagged lines for NST1 and NST2 had the same anther-indehiscent phenotype as transgenic plants that expressed the individual chimeric repressors, indicating that NST1 and NST2 are redundant in regulating secondary wall thickening in anther walls. The activity of the NST2 promoter was particularly strong in anther tissue, while that of the NST1 promoter was detected in various tissues in which lignified secondary walls develop. Ectopic expression of NST1 or NST2 induced ectopic thickening of secondary walls in various aboveground tissues. Epidermal cells with ectopic thickening of secondary walls had structural features similar to those of tracheary elements. However, among genes involved in the differentiation of tracheary elements, only those related to secondary wall synthesis were clearly upregulated. None of the genes involved in programmed cell death were similarly affected. Our results suggest NAC transcription factors as possible regulators of secondary wall thickening in various tissues.
Practical color calibration for dermoscopy, applied to a digital epiluminescence microscope
Authors: Grana C. , Pellacani G. , Seidenari S. 
Published: October 2005

Background/purpose: The assessment of colors is essential for melanoma (MM) diagnosis, both for pattern analysis on dermoscopic images, and when using semiquantitative methods. Our aim was to provide a simple, precise characterization and reproducible calibration of the color response for dermoscopic instruments.Methods: Three processes were used to correct the non‐uniform illumination pattern of the instrument, to easily estimate the camera gamma settings and to describe the color space conversion matrices required to produce standard images, in any color space. A specific color space was also developed to optimize the representation of dermatoscopic colors. The calibration technique was tested both on synthetic reference surfaces and on real images by comparing the difference between the images colors obtained with two different equipments.Results: The differences between the images acquired by means of the two instruments, calculated on the reference patterns after calibration, were up to 10 times lower then before, while comparison of histograms referring to real images provided an improvement of about seven times on average.Conclusions: A complete workflow for dermatologic image calibration, which allows the user to continue using his own software and algorithms, but with a much higher informative content, is presented. The technique is simple and may improve cooperation between different research centers, in teleconsulting contexts or for result comparisons.
Fetal haemoglobin augmentation in E/β0 thalassaemia: clinical and haematological outcome
Authors: Singer Sylvia T. , Kuypers Frans A. , Olivieri Nancy F. , Weatherall David J. , Mignacca Robert , Coates Thomas D. , Davies Sally , Sweeters Nancy , Vichinsky Elliott P. ,   the E/β Thalassaemia Study Group
Published: October 2005

SummaryPatients with E/β0 thalassaemia, the most common haemoglobinopathy in many Asian countries, might benefit from drugs that increase fetal and total haemoglobin and thereby decrease the need for transfusions. The long‐term clinical efficacy and safety of such therapy is unknown, limiting its use in countries where resources for safe and regular transfusion are scarce. In this study, 45 patients were treated with hydroxyurea (18–20 mg/kg) for 24 ± 9 months, hydroxyurea with sodium phenyl butyrate (n = 8) and hydroxyurea with erythropoietin (n = 9), each for ∼6 months, and followed for 3 years from study exit. Hydroxyurea had minimal toxicity, resulted in a mean 1·3 g/dl steady‐state increase in haemoglobin in 40% of patients, and a milder response (≤1 g/dl) in the others. Baseline haemoglobin F was significantly associated with an increase in haemoglobin (P < 0·001). Combined treatment with erythropoietin benefited selected patients, but the addition of sodium phenyl butyrate had no effect. Of the 27/45 patients who discontinued regular transfusions before the study, 13 remained transfusion independent during long‐term follow‐up, 6/13 continued hydroxyurea. Hydroxyurea moderately increased steady‐state haemoglobin in a sub‐group of E/β0 thalassaemia patients and can be considered for patients with intermediate severity disease, thus delaying or avoiding the need for life‐long transfusions. Continuous monitoring of toxicity and growth is required.