bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of navigated surgery of the pelvis after surface matching with an a‐mode ultrasound probe
Authors: Oszwald M. , Citak M. , Kendoff D. , Kowal J. , Amstutz C. , Kirchhoff T. , Nolte L.P. , Krettek C. , Hüfner T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractComputer‐aided surgery (CAS) allows for real‐time intraoperative feedback resulting in increased accuracy, while reducing intraoperative radiation. CAS is especially useful for the treatment of certain pelvic ring fractures, which necessitate the precise placement of screws. Flouroscopy‐based CAS modules have been developed for many orthopedic applications. The integration of the isocentric flouroscope even enables navigation using intraoperatively acquired three‐dimensional (3D) data, though the scan volume and imaging quality are limited. Complicated and comprehensive pathologies in regions like the pelvis can necessitate a CT‐based navigation system because of its larger field of view. To be accurate, the patient's anatomy must be registered and matched with the virtual object (CT data). The actual precision within the region of interest depends on the area of the bone where surface matching is performed. Conventional surface matching with a solid pointer requires extensive soft tissue dissection. This contradicts the primary purpose of CAS as a minimally invasive alternative to conventional surgical techniques. We therefore integrated an a‐mode ultrasound pointer into the process of surface matching for pelvic surgery and compared it to the conventional method. Accuracy measurements were made in two pelvic models: a foam model submerged in water and one with attached porcine muscle tissue. Three different tissue depths were selected based on CT scans of 30 human pelves. The ultrasound pointer allowed for registration of virtually any point on the pelvis. This method of surface matching could be successfully integrated into CAS of the pelvis. © 2008 Orthopaedic Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:860–864, 2008
Osteogenic gene regulation and relative acceleration of healing by adenoviral‐mediated transfer of human BMP‐2 or ‐6 in equine osteotomy and ostectomy models
Authors: Ishihara Akikazu , Shields Kathleen M. , Litsky Alan S. , Mattoon John S. , Weisbrode Steven E. , Bartlett Jeffrey S. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study evaluated healing of equine metatarsal osteotomies and ostectomies in response to percutaneous injection of adenoviral (Ad) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2, Ad‐BMP‐6, or beta‐galactosidase protein vector control (Ad‐LacZ) administered 14 days after surgery. Radiographic and quantitative computed tomographic assessment of bone formation indicated greater and earlier mineralized callus in both the osteotomies and ostectomies of the metatarsi injected with Ad‐BMP‐2 or Ad‐BMP‐6. Peak torque to failure and torsional stiffness were greater in osteotomies treated with Ad‐BMP‐2 than Ad‐BMP‐6, and both Ad‐BMP‐2‐ and Ad‐BMP‐6‐treated osteotomies were greater than Ad‐LacZ or untreated osteotomies. Gene expression of ostectomy mineralized callus 8 weeks after surgery indicated upregulation of genes related to osteogenesis compared to intact metatarsal bone. Expression of transforming growth factor beta‐1, cathepsin H, and gelsolin‐like capping protein were greater in Ad‐BMP‐2‐ and Ad‐BMP‐6‐treated callus compared to Ad‐LacZ‐treated or untreated callus. Evidence of tissue biodistribution of adenovirus in distant organs was not identified by quantitative PCR, despite increased serum antiadenoviral vector antibody. This study demonstrated a greater relative potency of Ad‐BMP‐2 over Ad‐BMP‐6 in accelerating osteotomy healing when administered in this regimen, although both genes were effective at increasing bone at both osteotomy and ostectomy sites. © 2008 Orthopaedic Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:764–771, 2008
A comparison of 2‐D chromatography separations using UV and 18O quantification of proteins in similar proteomes
Authors: Smith Julia R. , Matus Isaac , Greene Andrew S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractProteins present in two mitochondria preparations were separated by 2‐D chromatography using the ProteomeLabTM PF‐2D Protein Fractional System, protein fractionation in two dimensions (PF‐2D). The proteins in each first‐dimension fraction were determined by trypsinization and LC‐MS/MS. Chromatography peaks were quantified by UV detection using the “Mapping Tools” software (Beckman). The proteins present in UV detected peaks were trypsinized and identified by automated MS/MS sequencing. Relative amounts of the proteins present in the equivalent peak for each sample were assessed by comparison of the intensities of the constituent peptides and a predicted PF‐2D value was calculated from the total ion count (TIC) for each peptide. Relative quantification for 18O labeled peptides was performed using the ZoomQuant (v1.43b) software [1, 2]. We found that the chromatography peaks detected by UV generally contained several proteins. Using 18O labeling we determined that in each peak the ratios of the constituent proteins were different. When these ratios were normalized using the TIC to account for abundance, the resulting ratio corresponded to that determined by UV. The predicted value for the PF‐2D score corresponded to the observed value for each peak irrespective of the number or proteins detected.
Ultrasonication followed by single‐drop microextraction combined with GC/MS for rapid determination of organochlorine pesticides from fish
Authors: Shrivas Kamlesh , Wu Hui‐Fen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA novel, rapid and simple sample pretreatment technique termed ultrasonication followed by single‐drop micro‐extrcation (U‐SDME) has been developed and combined with GC/MS for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fish. In the present work, the lengthy procedures generally used in the conventional methods like, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction and microwave assisted solvent extraction for extraction of OCPs from fish tissues are minimized by the use of two simple extraction procedures. Firstly, OCPs from fish were extracted in organic solvent with ultrasonication and then subsequently preconcentrated by single‐drop micro‐extraction (SDME). Extraction parameters of ultrasonication and SDME were optimized in spiked sample solution in order to obtain efficient extraction of OCPs from fish tissues. The calibration curves for OCPs were found to be linear between 10–1000 ng/g with correlation of estimations in the range 0.990–0.994. The recoveries obtained in blank fish tissues were ranged from 82.1 to 95.3%. The LOD and RSD for determination of OCPs in fish were 0.5 ng/g and 9.4–10.0%, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of bioconcentration factor in fish after exposure to different concentrations of OCPs in cultured water. The present method avoids the co‐extraction of lipids, long extraction steps (>12 h) and large amount of organic solvent for the separation of OCPs. The main advantages of the present method are rapid, selective, sensitive and low cost for the determination of OCPs in fish.
Specialty fats – How food manufacturers can get more out of them
Authors: Loh Moong Ming Henry 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSpecialty fats add market value to prepared foods through the sensory attributes they produce. While specialty fats may have been known to food manufacturers for decades, many have yet to realize the full potential of what these functional fats can do for their products and businesses. To achieve this, an adequate level of working knowledge on specialty fats is vital. The application of specialty fats in chocolate, chocolate confectionery, bakery products and ice cream are surveyed, to illustrate a variety of interesting ways food manufacturers can use specialty fats.
Measurement of ischaemia–reperfusion in patients with intermittent claudication using NMR‐based metabonomics
Authors: Coolen Stefan A. , Daykin Clare A. , van Duynhoven John P. M. , van Dorsten Ferdi A. , Wulfert Florian , Mathot Jolanda , Scheltinga Marc R. , Stroosma Otto , Vader Huib , Wijnen Marc H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntermittent claudication has proved to be a good in vivo model for ischaemia–reperfusion. For assessment of ischaemia–reperfusion damage, the known biochemical markers all have disadvantages with respect to sensitivity and interference with other physiological events. In this work, we studied the metabolic effects of ischaemia–reperfusion in patients with intermittent claudication, and the effects of vitamin C and E intervention, using both traditional biochemical measurements and 1H‐NMR‐based metabonomics on urine and plasma. The 1H‐NMR spectra were subjected to multivariate modelling using principal components discriminant analysis, and the observed clusters were validated using joint deployment of univariate analysis of variance and Tukey–Kramer honestly significant difference (HSD) testing. The study involved 14 patients with intermittent claudication and three healthy volunteers, who were monitored during a walking test, before and after a vitamin C/E intervention, and after a washout period. The effect of exercise was only observable for a limited number of biochemical markers, whereas 1H NMR revealed an effect in line with anaerobic ATP production via glycolysis in exercising (ischaemic) muscle of the claudicants. Thus, the beneficial effect of vitamins C and E in claudicants was more pronounced when observed by metabonomics than by traditional biochemical markers. The main effect was more rapid recovery from exercise to resting state metabolism. Furthermore, after intervention, claudicants tended to have lower concentrations of lactate and glucose and several other citric acid cycle metabolites, whereas acetoacetate was increased. The observed metabolic changes in the plasma suggest that intake of vitamin C/E leads to increased muscle oxidative metabolism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle simulation of spontaneous crack generation associated with the laccolithic type of magma intrusion processes
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs B. E. , Ord A. , Peng Shenglin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to extend the particle simulation method for simulating the spontaneous crack generation problem associated with the laccolithic type of magma intrusion and emplacement within the crust of the Earth. As the mechanical behavior of the intruded magma is different from that of its surrounding rocks, the intruded magma is simulated using fluid particles of relatively less compressibility, whereas the surrounding rock of the intruded magma is simulated using conventional solid particles. Using the proposed particle simulation method, it is possible to simulate some magma‐intrusion‐induced important phenomena, such as hydraulic fracturing associated with the creation of a magma chamber, complicated moving boundaries associated with the growing magma chamber and spontaneous crack initiation in the surrounding rocks when magma pressure is propagating from the magma chamber into the surrounding rocks. The related particle simulation results have demonstrated that (1) the proposed particle simulation method is useful and applicable for simulating spontaneous crack generation problems associated with the laccolithic type of magma intrusion process within the crust of the Earth; (2) the generated cracks are highly concentrated on the narrow region that is just above the intruded magma chamber; and (3) the layer‐stiffness ratio has a significant effect on the spontaneously generated crack patterns within the upper crust of the Earth. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viscoelastic properties of polyacrylonitrile terpolymers during thermo‐oxidative stabilization (cyclization)
Authors: Suresh K. I. , Thomas K. Saji , Rao. B. S. , Nair C. P. Reghunadhan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA study on the thermo‐oxidative stabilization (cyclization) of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) terpolymers using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) is reported in this article. When the changes in viscoelastic properties were monitored in a rectangular tension mode, besides the tan δ peak characteristic of the glass transition observed below 200°C, the copolymer and the terpolymer displayed a second peak above 200°C due to the cyclization leading to the formation of ladder structures. The initiation temperature of the cyclization process as well as the peak temperature is found to depend on the acid value and the composition of the precursor polymer. The results presented show that monitoring the changes in viscoelastic properties during cyclization provides insight into the material properties as a result of the chemical changes that are taking place. These observations were confirmed by structural characterization using IR spectroscopy, and the observed chemical changes agree with the literature studies, as due to the thermal cyclization process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of the venom of Heterometrus longimanus (Asian black scorpion)
Authors: Bringans Scott , Eriksen Soren , Kendrick Tulene , Gopalakrishnakone P. , Livk Andreja , Lock Robert , Lipscombe Richard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractVenoms have evolved over millions of years into potent cocktails of bioactive peptides and proteins. These compounds can be of great value to the pharmaceutical industry for numerous clinical applications. In this study, a novel proteomic – bioinformatic approach was utilised, where chromatography followed by gel electrophoresis was utilised to separate the venom peptides/proteins of Heterometrus longimanus (Asian black scorpion). Purified peptides were analysed by tandem mass spectrometry, de novo sequenced and then homology matched against known peptides in the Swiss‐Prot protein database. Numerous potentially biologically active peptide matches were discovered, and a simple scoring system applied to putatively assign functions to the peptides. As a validation of this approach, the functional composition of the experimentally derived proteome is similar to that of other scorpions, and contains a potent mix of toxins, antimicrobials and ionic channel inhibitors.
Discovery of diagnostic serum biomarkers of gastric cancer using proteomics
Authors: Lam Katie Wing‐kei , Lo Samuel Chun‐lap 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGastric cancer has significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and locally. Good prognosis relies on an early diagnosis. However, this remains a challenge due to the lack of specific and sensitive serum biomarkers for early detection. Hence, there is a constant search for these biomarkers for screening purposes. Proteomic profiling enables a new approach to the discovery of biomarkers in disease. This review presents recent attempts in search of gastric cancer serum biomarker using proteomics. Different methodologies and different types of samples were employed by different groups of researchers. Major difficulties were encountered in the discovery processes, including interference from abundant proteins and continuous changing serum proteomes from different individuals.
Contribution of proteomics to the study of the role of cytokeratins in disease and physiopathology
Authors: Brouillard Franck , Fritsch Janine , Edelman Aleksander , Ollero Mario 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCytokeratins (CKs), the most abundant group of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments, and proteomics are strongly connected. On the one hand, proteomics has been extremely useful to uncover new features and functions of CKs, on the other, the highly abundant CKs serve as an exceptional tool to test new technological developments in proteomics. As a result, proteomics has contributed to finding valuable associations of CKs with diseases as diverse as cancer, cystic fibrosis, steatohepatitis, viral and bacterial infection, keratoconus, vitreoretinopathy, preeclampsia or the chronic fatigue syndrome, as well as to characterizing their participation in a number of physiopathological processes, including drug resistance, response to toxicants, inflammation, stem cell differentiation, embryo development, and tissue repair. In some cases, like in cystic fibrosis, CKs have been described as potential therapeutic targets. The development of a specific field of proteomics where CKs become the main subject of research aims and hypotheses is suggested.
Structure and energetics for an additional H absorbed into superionic phase of CsHSO4 by a first‐principles study
Authors: Ma Yongjun , Ke Xuezhi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractUsing first‐principles methods, we have studied the crystal structure of the CsHSO4 superionic phase, and the stability for an additional H absorbed in CsHSO4 in various charged states. The charged states were calculated by using neutral, negatively charged (–), and positively charged (+) supercells. For a perfect crystal, the structure in which all protons occupy the 16f‐sites is found to be more stable than that in which protons occupy the 8e‐sites. Concerning the stability of an additional H in CsHSO4, we found the SO4 tetrahedron is broken when the supercell is optimized in either the neutral or the negatively charged state. The calculated formation energy for an additional neutral H in CsHSO4 indicates that this H can not be absorbed into CsHSO4. In the positively charged state, the calculated formation energy indicates that many additional protons may be absorbed into CsHSO4 to form a high chemical potential on one side. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of quenched disorder on Griffiths phase and EPR line width in La0.67–2xNd2xCa0.33–xSrx MnO3 manganites
Authors: Yassin O. A. , Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim , Bhatia S. N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIt is widely accepted that there is Griffiths phase (GP) present in the paramagnetic phase in doped manganites. We studied the effect of quenched disorder on the region of GP in connection with the temperature dependence of the line width (ΔH) of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in La0.67–2x Nd2x Ca0.33–x Srx MnO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25). With this approach it is found that ΔH (T), the minimum in the line width (ΔHmin) and Tmin are reproduced. With increasing values of the quenched disorder the values of ΔHmin are found to increase. A numerical relation that correlates the temperature range in which GP exists and the cation size disorder is obtained and found to be in agreement with some reported data. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamical screening and memory effect of non‐equilibrium carrier–carrier scattering in GaAs
Authors: Lee Han‐Chieh 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGiven the absence of a Coulomb singularity in the quantum regime, the dependence of dynamical screening in non‐equilibrium carrier–carrier scattering on the dimension of GaAs was examined using the generalized Kadanoff–Baym equation. The screening in a quantum well is stronger than that in the bulk but this has not been previously understood. This dependence also applies to the Fröhlich interaction because, in momentum space, the electric flux density of small‐angle scattering is stronger in a lower dimension. Calculations also revealed the memory effect; based on these, the quantum kinetic oscillation was conceptualized. As time evolves, the scattering rate increases at the early stage and causes hole burning in the carrier's distribution. This effect enables the dependence of the average relaxation time on the carrier density to become independent of the sample's dimension, unlike in the Boltzmann regime. This work can eliminate the apparent contradiction between Shank's and Haug's experimental results. Finally, an experimental problem regarding the anomalously fast thermalization of non‐equilibrium carriers immersed in cold electrons in a quantum well was investigated and a reasonable explanation is presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exploring the reactivity of mixed ω‐functionalized undecanethiol self‐assembled monolayers—A DFT study
Authors: Tielens Frederik , Humblot Vincent , Pradier Claire‐Marie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe reactive sites of self‐assembled monolayers (SAM) formed by substituted thiolalkyl chains have been predicted in the case of the pure mercaptoundecane acid, for the pure mercaptoundecane alcohol, and the mixed 1:1 SAMs. The differences in reactivity between the different SAM domains (pure and mixed) would enable selective substitution of the head groups leading to a better understanding of the dispersion of the adsorbed molecules on the SAM surface. Selective reactivity was predicted in order to investigate the homogeneity of the mixed SAMs, and in view of designing new SAM surfaces. The results are discussed in terms of the electrostatic potential and the Fukui function. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Dynamic NMR study of the oxaphosphetane complexation with lithium during the Wittig reaction
Authors: Pascariu Aurelia , Mracec Mircea , Berger Stefan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDynamic NMR spectroscopy at very low temperatures (148–182 K) reveal the dynamic behavior of the (2‐tri(3‐furyl)‐3‐methyl‐4‐cyclopropenyl‐oxaphosphetane) generated during a Wittig reaction between tri(3‐furyl)ethylphosphonium iodine and cyclopropylaldehyde. The possibility of formation of different adducts between Li+ ions and oxaphosphetane or betainic intermediates was checked calculating the formation enthalpies using the MNDO, AM1, and PM3 semiempirical MO methods. The observed species are interpreted as oxaphosphetane complexes with lithium ions present in solution. Quantum mechanical calculations confirm the spectroscopic results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Equivalent orbitals for multiconfigurational spin‐tensor electron propagator method (MCSTEP): The vertical ionization potentials of B, NO, CF, and OF
Authors: Ma Dongxia , Yeager Danny L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe multiconfigurational spin tensor electron propagator method (MCSTEP) was developed as an implementation of electron propagator/single particle Green's function methods for ionization potentials (IPs) and electron affinities (EAs). MCSTEP was specifically designed for open shell and highly correlated (nondynamically correlated) initial states. For computational efficiency the initial state used in MCSTEP is typically a small complete active space (CAS) multiconfigurational self‐consistent field (MCSCF) state. If in a molecule there are some degenerate orbitals which are not fully or half occupied, usual MCSCF calculations will make these orbitals inequivalent, i.e., the occupied ones will be different from the nonoccupied ones, so that the degeneracy is broken. In this article, we use a state averaged MCSCF method to get equivalent orbitals for the initial state and import the integrals into the subsequent MCSTEP calculations. This gives, in general, more reliable MCSTEP vertical IPs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 2008