bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined serial section‐based 3D reconstruction of cervical carcinoma invasion using H&E/p16INK4a/CD3 alternate staining
Authors: Wentzensen Nicolas , Braumann Ulf‐Dietrich , Einenkel Jens , Horn Lars‐Christian , Doeberitz Magnus von Knebel , Löffler Markus , Kuska Jens‐Peer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground:Malignant growth and invasiveness of cancers is a function of both intratumoral and stromal factors. The accessibility to nutrients, oxygen and growth factors, the stromal composition, and the interference with the immune system all shape the tumor invasion front. A recent study has shown a prognostic difference with respect to different invasion patterns analyzed on histological specimens of cervical cancers. The present study analyzes the spatial organization of a cervical cancer and the relation of the tumor invasion front and the infiltration with CD3+ T‐cells.Methods:From a cervical squamous cell carcinoma specimen, 84 serial sections were performed and three interleaving series were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and immunohistochemistry directed against the cervical carcinoma biomarker p16INK4a and the T‐cell marker CD3. Sections were passed through an image processing chain to obtain a reconstructed and segmented tissue volume. For local tumor invasion front analysis the mean curvature was used, which in turn was related to the respective local minimum tumor to T‐cell distance as well to a T‐cell originated diffusing substance's concentration at the tumor surface.Results:Spatial models of the tumor tissue and the infiltrating T‐cells were computed. The overall discrete compactness of the tumor invasion front was 0.89, corresponding to a pathological assessment of diffuse infiltration. The comparison of the tumor invasion front with the density of T‐cell infiltration revealed an increased smoothening in regions with high T‐cell infiltration.Conclusions:We could demonstrate the spatial organization of a cervical cancer and model the interaction between infiltrating T‐cells with the tumor invasion front shape. Increased smoothening in regions with high T‐cell infiltration suggests that T‐cells may have an influence on the shaping of the tumor invasion front, e.g., by attacking tumor cells displaying specific antigens. The applied technique allows visualization of the spatial organization of tissues and could be extended to analyze multiple stains on alternating sections. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Visualization of two distinct classes of neurons by gad2 and zic1 promoter/enhancer elements in the dorsal hindbrain of developing zebrafish reveals neuronal connectivity related to the auditory and lateral line systems
Authors: Sassa Takayuki , Aizawa Hidenori , Okamoto Hitoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe dorsal hindbrain includes distinct classes of neurons for processing various sensory stimuli, but the developmental aspects of these neurons remain largely unknown. We identify here two distinct classes of neurons in the dorsal hindbrain of developing zebrafish: (1) neurons that express the inhibitory neuronal marker Gad1/2, and (2) neurons that express the zn‐5 antigen and Lhx2/9 and require the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor Atoh1a for development. Neurons were traced to their axon terminals by expressing green fluorescent protein using the Gal4VP16‐UAS (UAS, upstream activating sequences) system in combination with the promoter/enhancer regions of gad2 for the Gad1/2(+) neurons and zic1 for the zn‐5(+)Lhx2/9(+) neurons. The Gad1/2(+) neurons projected to the contralateral hindbrain, while the zn‐5(+)Lhx2/9(+) neurons projected to the contralateral midbrain torus semicircularis, suggesting a role in auditory and lateral line sensory processing. Comparison of these projections with those from the cochlear nuclei to the inferior colliculus in mammals suggests similarities across vertebrate species. Developmental Dynamics 236:706–718, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental policy planning: Experience from flanders
Authors: Verbruggen Aviel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA solid planning approach is needed if effective and efficient environmental policies are to be developed. This policy planning process should be open and comprehensive and should be based on a good understanding of environmental impacts and the mobilization of high‐quality management skills. Building on Dutch experience, at least five conditions for progress in environmental policy planning have been identified in Flanders: (i) policy‐makers should agree on the type of planning needed; (ii) public support and political leadership should be present; (iii) investment in administrative capability and team‐building is needed; (iv) support from the scientific community should be guaranteed; and (v) the planning process should be supported by law. Meeting all five conditions in a balanced way is often very difficult.
The impact of EU environmental policy on water industry reform
Authors: Hassan John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEuropean Union (EU) water laws should not be viewed in isolation from wider influences. They both reflect and reinforce changing public attitudes towards environmental protection. It is argued here that until recently indifference to the water environment was pervasive. The development of European water directives since 1975 has signalled a change in attitudes. It is explained that initially, however, European legislation failed to exercise a significant influence on environmental conditions, a major cause of this being non‐compliance. This problem itself helped to politicize the issue, and the hand of those interests fighting for environmental improvement was ultimately strengthened. It is shown that in the context of EU obligations Member States have been forced to try to remedy earlier neglect and to reform their water industries. It is also argued that the environmental directives have helped to empower the green lobby.
Climate change and the European union: Towards a green and common energy policy?
Authors: Collier Ute 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMeasures to reduce carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas, to a large extent have been taken within the framework of energy policy. This paper discusses how the European Union (EU) faces a fundamental problem in addressing the climate change issue in that it has to date failed to establish a common energy policy. Hence the energy elements of the EU's carbon dioxide strategy, such as the SAVE programme, are weak. Under a general climate of subsidiarity, Member States are reluctant to cede sovereignty in this economic policy area, yet cannot necessarily be relied on to integrate environmental concerns into their own energy policies. Nevertheless, the climate change concern together with other issues, such as liberalization in the energy sector, are giving a new impetus to the development of an EU energy policy, as exemplified by the publication of the recent Commission Green Paper. However, despite these advances, the paper argues that the prospects for a ‘green’ and common energy policy in the EU still remain faint.
Long‐term environmental policy under corporatist institutions
Authors: Hukkinen Janne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCase studies in waste management are reviewed to assess how successfully long‐term considerations have been included in the design and implementation of environmental policy in two European countries with corporatist decision‐making institutions, Finland and the Netherlands. Although corporatism, or the institutionalized integration of conflicting interests in social decision‐making, has been linked with good long‐term industrial and economic performance, this study indicates that the corporatist structure of environmental institutions prevents important conflicts of interest from entering the political conflict resolution agenda. The central recommendation of the study is the administrative and procedural separation of conflicting environmental policy interests and the backing of sustainable goals with appropriate institutions. This would promote an open political debate and settlement of long‐term environmental policy issues. The designers of common European environmental policy should be aware of environmental corporatism, because corporatist institutions within the European Union lack the transparency required to settle the multidimensional long‐term issues of a transnational environment.
Process modelling and sustainability assessment in the development of the sustainable community
Authors: Reed Mary‐Ann 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFollowing the UNCED Earth Summit in 1992 many local authorities are currently engaged in the development of a Local Agenda 21. Local Agenda 21 is concerned with the development of strategies, policies, practices, projects and partnerships which will cause a shift towards more sustainable modes of environmental, social and economic development. Kirklees Metropolitan Council in the UK is working in partnership with Sheffield Hallam University in the development of processes and tools which will facilitate moves towards sustainable development at the community level. These processes interface with local authority policy and practice through to national and European statutory frameworks. A process model for the sustainable community has been developed, from which sustainability assessment, a working tool for application, has been drawn out. Both the process model and the sustainability assessment technique incorporate the application of broad themes which relate to indicators of sustainability, facilitating a common ground for dialogue between all levels.
Recurrent binge eating (RBE) and its characteristics in a sample of young women in Germany
Authors: Munsch Simone , Becker Eni , Meyer Andrea , Schneider Silvia , Margraf Jürgen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the characteristics of recurrent binge eating (RBE) in a non‐treatment‐seeking sample from the general population. RBE individuals are described in terms of socio‐economic status, general psychopathology, and comorbidity rates of mental disorders.MethodParticipants were 1877 German females aged 18–24 years from a population‐based epidemiological study.Results/DiscussionThe point prevalence of RBE in our sample was 0.9% (N = 17). Compared to healthy women, subjects with RBE suffered more often from comorbid mental disorders and also exhibited more general psychopathology: They were similar to women with other mental disorders and other eating disorders (EDs). RBE seems to be a syndrome of clinical significance itself and might be an important risk factor for the development of further EDs, especially binge eating disorder (BED) and other mental disorders. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Influence of ion exchange on dissolved load of alpine meltwaters
Authors: Lemmens M. , Roger M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMeltwaters were collected in Switzerland at the border of two alpine glaciers, the Tsanfleuron glacier resting on limestones and the Tsijiore Nouve glacier flowing over gneissic rocks. Waters were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the four major cations.Cation exchange appears to be an essential mechanism in the explanation of the dissolved cationic content of meltwaters in the frontal zone of glaciers. This is indicated by a study of the rate and characteristics of water enrichment.The rate‐determining step in the process seems to be film diffusion. The influence of this diffusion is put forward in an analysis of the rates of change in concentration of the four major cations with discharge.Glacier grinding is considered as a factor favouring cation exchange in a proglacial environment.
CaTiO3 coating on titanium for biomaterial application—Optimum thickness and tissue response
Authors: Ohtsu Naofumi , Sato Kenji , Yanagawa Aya , Saito Kesami , Imai Yoshio , Kohgo Takao , Yokoyama Atsuro , Asami Katsuhiko , Hanawa Takao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine the optimum thickness of a CaTiO3 film for biomaterial applications and to investigate the biocompatibility and bone formation of titanium with a CaTiO3 film. First, CaTiO3 films of 10, 20, 30, and 50 nm in thickness were deposited on titanium substrates using radiofrequency magnetron sputtering followed by annealing at 873 K in air for 7.2 ks. The optimum thickness of the CaTiO3 film for bone formation was determined by comparison with its performance regarding calcium phosphate formation in Hanks' balanced saline solution (HBSS). Regarding calcium phosphate formation, the performance of the specimen with a 50‐nm‐thick CaTiO3 film was superior to those of specimens with other thicknesses. A titanium prism with a CaTiO3 film of 50‐nm in thickness was surgically inserted in both soft and hard rat tissues. The biocompatibility of CaTiO3‐deposited titanium and bone formation on it was investigated by histological observations. A slight inflammatory reaction was observed around the titanium with the 50‐nm‐thick CaTiO3 film, while no severe response, such as degeneration and necrosis, was observed in either soft or hard rat tissue. New bone formation on the titanium plate with the CaTiO3 film was more active than that without the film. The 50‐nm‐thick CaTiO3 film has biocompatibility and can facilitate new bone formation in vivo, and, consequently, it is an excellent surface modification method for biomaterial applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Preparation of porous collagen/hyaluronic acid hybrid scaffolds for biomimetic functionalization through biochemical binding affinity
Authors: Lee Su Jin , Kim So Yeon , Lee Young Moo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study demonstrated the feasibility of introducing an avidin–biotin system to three‐dimensional and highly porous scaffolds for the purpose of designing scaffolds that have binding affinity with bioactive molecules for various biomimetic modifications. Porous hybrid scaffolds composed of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) were prepared by a novel overrun process. The overrun‐processed scaffolds showed a uniform dual‐pore structure because of the injection of gas bubbles and ice recrystallization during the fabrication process and had a higher porosity than scaffolds prepared by a conventional freeze‐drying method. The mechanical strength and biodegradation kinetics were controlled by the method of preparation and the composition of collagen/HA. Collagen/HA scaffolds did not show any significant adverse effects on cell viability even after 10 days of incubation. The fibroblasts cultured in the overrun‐processed scaffolds were widely distributed and had proliferated on the surfaces of the macropores in the scaffolds, whereas the cells that were seeded in the freeze‐dried scaffolds had attached mainly on the dense surface of the scaffolds. As the collagen content in the scaffolds increased, the cellular ingrowth into the inner pores of the scaffolds decreased because of the high affinity between the collagen and the cells. Measurements obtained via confocal microscopy revealed that the porous collagen/HA scaffolds could be functionalized with the biotin by incorporating avidin. Therefore, the present biotinylation approach may allow the incorporation of various bioactive molecules (DNA, growth factors, drug, peptide, etc) into the three‐dimensional porous scaffolds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2007
Wampold et al.'s reiterate spin in the conclusion of a re‐analysis of placebo versus no‐treatment trials despite similar results as in original review
Authors: Hróbjartsson Asbjørn , Gøtzsche Peter C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an earlier comment (Hróbjartsson & Gøtzsche, this issue) we pointed out that Wampold et al.'s conclusion “the placebo effect was robust” (2005) was not substantiated by their analysis, which came to essentially the same result as our original analysis (2001). Wampold et al. replied (this issue) that their conclusion was “… not made based on the magnitude of effect … but on a pattern of results interpreted in the context of the theory of placebo effects, the nature of the studies reviewed, other literature, and a pattern of results that corroborate predictions” (Wampold et al., this issue). In this follow‐up commentary we argue that an estimation of how robust the effect of placebo is should primarily rest on the magnitude and reproducibility of the effect. We also comment on other aspects of Wampold et al.'s reply, for example that Wampold et al.'s critique of our review is not persuasive as their analysis came to essentially the same result, indicating that the difference in methodological and theoretical approaches had little importance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 405–408, 2007.
Cognitive‐Behavioral group treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia
Authors: Galassi Ferdinando , Quercioli Silvia , Charismas Diana , Niccolai Valentina , Barciulli Elisabetta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) is well documented in the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia; however, little is known about the efficacy of group treatment. The purpose of this open study is to investigate the benefits of a combination of the major cognitive and behavioral techniques used in the several specific versions of CBT thus far developed, in a psychotherapeutic group approach for panic and agoraphobia. Seventy‐six outpatients meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised (DSM‐III‐R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) criteria for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia were included in the study. The treatment consisted of 14 weekly 2‐hr group sessions and included: (a) an educational component, (b) interoceptive exposure, (c) cognitive restructuring, (d) problem solving, and (e) in vivo exposure. Patients achieved significant treatment gains on all dimensions assessed with a high rate of panic remission and significant improvement in the associated symptoms. Furthermore, these gains were maintained at 6‐months' follow‐up. Our results suggest the feasibility of this combination of cognitive and behavioral techniques. The findings raise questions about the specificity and the impact of each technique. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 409–416, 2007.
The assessment of microscopic charging effects induced by focused electron and ion beam irradiation of dielectrics
Authors: Stevens‐Kalceff Marion A. , Levick Katie J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEnergetic beams of electrons and ions are widely used to probe the microscopic properties of materials. Irradiation with charged beams in scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) systems may result in the trapping of charge at irradiation induced or pre‐existing defects within the implanted microvolume of the dielectric material. The significant perturbing influence on dielectric materials of both electron and (Ga+) ion beam irradiation is assessed using scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques. Kelvin Probe Microscopy (KPM) is an advanced SPM technique in which long‐range Coulomb forces between a conductive atomic force probe and the silicon dioxide specimen enable the potential at the specimen surface to be characterized with high spatial resolution. KPM reveals characteristic significant localized potentials in both electron and ion implanted dielectrics. The potentials are observed despite charge mitigation strategies including prior coating of the dielectric specimen with a layer of thin grounded conductive material. Both electron‐ and ion‐induced charging effects are influenced by a delicate balance of a number of different dynamic processes including charge‐trapping and secondary electron emission. In the case of ion beam induced charging, the additional influence of ion implantation and nonstoichiometric sputtering from compounds is also important. The presence of a localized potential will result in the electromigration of mobile charged defect species within the irradiated volume of the dielectric specimen. This electromigration may result in local modification of the chemical composition of the irradiated dielectric. The implications of charging induced effects must be considered during the microanalysis and processing of dielectric materials using electron and ion beam techniques. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of high‐resolution correlative imaging techniques in the study of the liver sieve in three‐dimensions
Authors: Braet Filip , Wisse Eddie , Bomans Paul , Frederik Peter , Geerts Willie , Koster Abraham , Soon Lilian , Ringer Simon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCorrelative microscopy has become increasingly important for the analysis of the structure, function, and dynamics of cells. This is largely due to the result of recent advances in light‐, probe‐, laser‐ and various electron microscopy techniques that facilitate three‐dimensional studies. Furthermore, the improved understanding in the past decade of imaging cell compartments in the third dimension has resulted largely from the availability of powerful computers, fast high‐resolution CCD cameras, specifically developed imaging analysis software, and various probes designed for labeling living and or fixed cells. In this paper, we review different correlative high‐resolution imaging methodologies and how these microscopy techniques facilitated the accumulation of new insights in the morpho‐functional and structural organization of the hepatic sieve. Various aspects of hepatic endothelial fenestrae regarding their structure, origin, dynamics, and formation will be explored throughout this paper by comparing the results of confocal laser scanning‐, correlative fluorescence and scanning electron‐, atomic force‐, and whole‐mount electron microscopy. Furthermore, the recent advances of vitrifying cells with the vitrobot in combination with the glove box for the preparation of cells for cryo‐electron microscopic investigation will be discussed. Finally, the first transmission electron tomography data of the liver sieve in three‐dimensions are presented. The obtained data unambiguously show the involvement of special domains in the de novo formation and disappearance of hepatic fenestrae, and focuses future research into the (supra)molecular structure of the fenestrae‐forming center, defenestration center and fenestrae‐, and sieve plate cytoskeleton ring by using advanced cryo‐electron tomography. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.