bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of water resources in the Mahanadi River Basin, India under projected climate conditions
Authors: Asokan Shilpa M. , Dutta Dushmanta 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe paper presents the outcomes of a study conducted to analyse water resources availability and demand in the Mahanadi River Basin in India under climate change conditions. Climate change impact analysis was carried out for the years 2000, 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100, for the months of September and April (representing wet and dry months), at a sub‐catchment level. A physically based distributed hydrologic model (DHM) was used for estimation of the present water availability. For future scenarios under climate change conditions, precipitation output of Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis General Circulation Model (CGCM2) was used as the input data for the DHM. The model results show that the highest increase in peak runoff (38%) in the Mahanadi River outlet will occur during September, for the period 2075–2100 and the maximum decrease in average runoff (32·5%) will be in April, for the period 2050–2075. The outcomes indicate that the Mahanadi River Basin is expected to experience progressively increasing intensities of flood in September and drought in April over the considered years. The sectors of domestic, irrigation and industry were considered for water demand estimation. The outcomes of the analysis on present water use indicated a high water abstraction by the irrigation sector. Future water demand shows an increasing trend until 2050, beyond which the demand will decrease owing to the assumed regulation of population explosion. From the simulated future water availability and projected water demand, water stress was computed. Among the six sub‐catchments, the sub‐catchment six shows the peak water demand. This study hence emphasizes on the need for re‐defining water management policies, by incorporating hydrological response of the basin to the long‐term climate change, which will help in developing appropriate flood and drought mitigation measures at the basin level. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a regionalized Clark IUH model with limited hydrologic data availability
Authors: Seong Kee‐Won , Ball James E. , Lee Yong‐Hak 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo aid prediction of the flow hydrograph in a basin with limited data, a practical approach to determining a regionalized Clark instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) model is presented. The proposed model is described in terms of the synthetic time–area concentration curve, the concentration time, and a special regional similarity value that is valid in the whole basin. The latter was estimated from a Monte Carlo testing procedure based on the normal probability distribution of transformed regional similarity values composed of the time of concentration and the storage coefficient in gauged basins. The time–area concentration curve and the concentration time were calculated from a rational equation as in conventional methods. The method of transformation adopted was the Box–Cox power transformation, which is known to make non‐normal values resemble normal data. By introducing the regional similarity value into a Clark IUH, a statistically best estimate of IUH for given data conditions and its quantified degree of uncertainty were realized. The Wi River basin in Korea was used to test the applicability of the regionalized Clark IUH. The performance of the suggested methodology was evaluated by assuming an ungauged sub‐basin at the site. The results showed that the IUH model developed in this work was an effective tool, predicting a reliable hydrograph within the study area even though only limited data were available. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of vertical profiles of leaf drying times after daytime rainfall within a Bornean tropical rainforest
Authors: Kume Tomonori , Manfroi Odair J , Suzuki Masakazu , Tanaka Katsunori , Kuraji Koichiro , Nakagawa Michiko , Komatsu Hikaru , Kumagai Tomo'omi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSouth‐east Asian Bornean tropical rainforests have large and complex canopy structures. To clarify how forest structure affects wet‐canopy evaporation, it is necessary to consider wet‐canopy evaporation processes within the forest canopy, such as vertical profiles of canopy drying time. In a previous study a method was proposed that utilizes sap flow measurements to estimate canopy drying time after rainfall (CDTobs) during daytime. In this present study, the method was applied to estimations of the vertical variations in CDTobs in 11 individual trees of various heights, ranging from 2·7 m to 53 m. The study derived vertical profiles and showed that the lengths of CDTobs in lower canopy trees were 2–4 h longer than those in the upper canopy trees. The new method for CDTobs profiles presented in this study, which is available for validation of multi‐layer biosphere‐atmospheric models, is a useful illustration for clarifying wet‐canopy evaporation processes in tropical rainforests. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term follow‐up of cervical abnormalities among women screened by HPV testing and cytology—Results from the Hammersmith study
Authors: Cuzick Jack , Szarewski Anne , Mesher David , Cadman Louise , Austin Janet , Perryman Karen , Ho Linda , Terry George , Sasieni Peter , Dina Roberto , Soutter William P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that HPV testing is substantially more sensitive than cytology for primary cervical screening. However, less data exist concerning the duration of protection afforded by a negative HPV test compared to a normal cytological outcome. Here we report the long‐term findings from the Hammersmith study in women aged 35 or more. HPV testing by Hybrid Capture II was performed on all available samples from the baseline screening visit. Passive surveillance of subsequent cytology screening results for the 2,982 women in the study was undertaken using a national registry. Histological outcomes were sought for all women with abnormal smears. The primary outcome was duration of protection against histologically confirmed CIN2+ afforded by a negative HPV test compared to normal cytology. 2,516 women had at least one further smear at least 1 year after entry and 20 new cases of CIN2+ were identified during a median follow‐up of 6.4 years. Including disease identified at baseline, the risk of developing CIN2+ at 1, 5 and 9 years after a normal cytology was 0.33%, 0.83% and 2.20% respectively whereas it was 0.19%, 0.42% and 1.88% after a negative HPV test. HPV testing offered excellent protection from CIN2+ for at least 6 years after a negative test, whereas the protection from cytology began to wane after about 3 years. Substantially more CIN2+ lesions were found in the follow‐up period in those initially HPV positive compared to those HPV negative (HR = 6.52, p = 0.001), whereas there was little difference according to initial cytology (HR = 1.64, p = 0.51). © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus‐associated cancers in a South African black population: Results from a case–control study, 1995–2004
Authors: Stein Lara , Urban Margaret I. , O'Connell Dianne , Yu Xue Qin , Beral Valerie , Newton Rob , Ruff Paul , Donde Bernard , Hale Martin , Patel Moosa , Sitas Freddy 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe effect of the evolving HIV epidemic on cancer has been sparsely documented in Africa. We report results on the risk of cancer associated with HIV‐1 infection using data from an ongoing study. A case–control analysis was used to estimate the relative risk (odds ratio, OR) of cancer types known to be AIDS defining: Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 333), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, n = 223) and cancers of the cervix (n = 1,586), and 11 cancer types possibly associated with HIV infection: Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 154), cancers of other anogenital organs (n = 157), squamous cell cancer of the skin (SCC, n = 70), oral cavity and pharynx (n = 319), liver (n = 83), stomach (n = 142), leukemia (n = 323), melanoma (n = 53), sarcomas other than Kaposi's (n = 93), myeloma (n = 189) and lung cancer (n = 363). The comparison group comprised 3,717 subjects with all other cancer types and 682 subjects with vascular disease. ORs were adjusted for age, sex (except cervical cancer), year of diagnosis, education and number of sexual partners. Significantly increased risks associated with HIV‐1 infection were found for HIV/AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma (OR = 47.1, 95% CI = 31.9–69.8), NHL (OR = 5.9, 95% CI = 4.3–8.1) and cancer of the cervix (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3–2.0); Hodgkin's disease (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0–2.7), cancers of anogenital organs other than the cervix (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.4–3.3) and SCC (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.4–4.9) were also significantly increased. No significant associations were found between HIV and any of the other cancers examined. Risks for HIV‐related cancers are consistent with previous studies in Africa, and are lower when compared to those observed in developed countries. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting prostate cancer with HTI‐286, a synthetic analog of the marine sponge product hemiasterlin
Authors: Hadaschik Boris A. , Ettinger Susan , Sowery Richard D. , Zoubeidi Amina , Andersen Raymond J. , Roberge Michel , Gleave Martin E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTherapeutic resistance is the underlying cause for most cancer deaths and a major problem associated with treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. HTI‐286, a fully synthetic analog of the natural tripeptide hemiasterlin, inhibits tubulin polymerization and circumvents transport‐based resistance to taxanes. In our study, we evaluated its inhibitory effects on human prostate cancer growth in vitro and in different in vivo models. Androgen‐dependent and androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell lines including a docetaxel‐refractory PC‐3 subline (PC‐3dR) were treated with HTI‐286. Transcriptional profiling was carried out to screen for changes in gene expression induced by HTI‐286 and compared to docetaxel. In vivo, nude mice with established PC‐3 or PC‐3dR xenografts were given HTI‐286 intravenously. Additionally, mice bearing hormone‐sensitive LNCaP tumors were treated with castration in combination with early or delayed HTI‐286 therapy. In all cell lines tested, HTI‐286 was a potent inhibitor of proliferation and induced marked increases in apoptosis. Despite similar transcriptomic changes regarding cell death and cell cycle regulating genes after exposure to HTI‐286 or docetaxel, array analysis revealed distinct molecular signatures for both compounds. Invivo, HTI‐286 significantly inhibited growth of PC‐3 and LNCaP xenografts and retained potency in PC‐3dR tumors. Simultaneous castration plus HTI‐286 therapy was superior to sequential treatment in the LNCaP model. In conclusion, HTI‐286 showed strong antitumor activity both in androgen‐dependent and androgen‐ independent tumors and may be a promising agent in second‐ line treatment strategies for patients suffering from docetaxel‐ refractory prostate cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Materials, fluid dynamics, and solid mechanics aspects of coronary artery stents: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Lewis Gladius 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIt is well known that, across all populations (based on geographic location, race, ethnicity, age, and sex), coronary artery disease (CAD) is the single most common cause of death. The commonly performed revascularization procedures for the treatment of symptomatic CAD are percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) by itself or followed by the deployment of either a bare‐metal stent (BMS) or a drug‐eluting stent (DES). In the latter type, a drug that is either embedded in polymeric or nonpolymeric coating(s) on the stent surface or directly attached to the stent surface elutes into the blood stream at a controlled rate over a period of time, typically 14–30 days. Over the years, there has been a steady decline in the use of PTCA and a concomitant sharp increase in the use of stents, with DESs being the predominant choice in the last 3 years. The present contribution represents a critical review of the literature on the materials, fluid dynamics, and solid mechanics aspects of both BMSs and DESs, with special reference to in‐stent restenosis and in‐stent thrombosis, these being risks that present commonly. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008
Vimentin isoform expression in the human retina characterized with the monoclonal antibody 3CB2
Authors: Pérez‐Álvarez M.J. , Isiegas C. , Santano C. , Salazar J.J. , Ramírez A.I. , Triviño A. , Ramírez J.M. , Albar J.P. , de la Rosa E.J. , Prada C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody 3CB2 (3CB2‐Ag and 3CB2 mAb) is expressed by radial glia and astrocytes in the developing and adult vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates as well as in neural stem cells. Here we identified the 3CB2‐Ag as vimentin by proteomic analysis of human glial cell line U‐87 extracts (derived from a malignant astrocytoma). Indeed, the 3CB2 mAb recognized three vimentin isoforms in glial cell lines. In the human retina, 3CB2‐Ag was expressed in Müller cells, astrocytes, some blood vessels, and cells in the horizontal cell layer, as determined by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Three populations of astrocytes were distinguishable by double‐labeling immunohistochemistry: vimentin+/GFAP+, vimentin−/GFAP+, and vimentin+/GFAP−. Hence, we conclude that 1) the 3CB2‐Ag is vimentin; 2) vimentin isoforms are differentially expressed in normal and transformed astrocytes; 3) human retinal astrocytes display molecular heterogeneity; and 4) the 3CB2 mAb is a valuable tool to study vimentin expression and its function in the human retina. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation enhances TIMP‐1 in nucleus pulposus cells and MCP‐1 in macrophages in the rat
Authors: Omi Hiroko , Mochida Joji , Iwashina Toru , Katsuno Raijiro , Hiyama Akihiko , Watanabe Takuya , Serigano Kenji , Iwabuchi Sadahiro , Sakai Daisuke 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRecent studies have reported that low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulates cell proliferation and proteoglycan production in rabbit intervertebral disc cells, and moreover promotes the secretion of MCP‐1 (monocyte chemotaxis protein‐1) from macrophages in a disc organ culture model. These findings suggest the possible application of LIPUS for biological repair of disc degeneration and herniation. Although the mechanisms involved are not well understood, several cytokine pathways may play a role. Therefore, in order to evaluate the effect of LIPUS stimulation on cytokine production by nucleus pulposus cells and macrophages, in vitro culture studies were designed. Nucleus pulposus cells and macrophages were collected from Sprague‐Dawley rats, cultured separately in a monolayer, and stimulated with LIPUS for 7 days. After culture, the culture medium and the cells were analyzed by cytokine array, RT‐PCR, and ELISA. Cytokine array showed that LIPUS stimulation significantly upregulated TIMP‐1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1) in the nucleus pulposus and MCP‐1 in macrophages in comparison with the control. This was confirmed at the gene level by RT‐PCR in nucleus pulposus cells and macrophages after stimulation with LIPUS. Quantitative evaluation of these proteins by ELISA showed higher levels in nucleus pulposus cells and macrophages stimulated by LIPUS than in controls. These results showed that LIPUS stimulation significantly activated TIMP‐1 and MCP‐1 in nucleus pulposus cells and macrophages at both the protein and gene levels, suggesting that LIPUS may be a promising supplemental treatment for intervertebral disc herniation. © 2008 Orthopaedic Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:865–871, 2008
Contribution of dissolved organic matter to carbon storage in forest mineral soils
Authors: Kalbitz Karsten , Kaiser Klaus 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) is often considered the most labile portion of organic matter in soil and to be negligible with respect to the accumulation of soil C. In this short review, we present recent evidence that this view is invalid. The stability of DOM from forest floor horizons, peats, and topsoils against microbial degradation increases with advanced decomposition of the parent organic matter (OM). Aromatic compounds, deriving from lignin, likely are the most stable components of DOM while plant‐derived carbohydrates seem easily degradable. Carbohydrates and N‐rich compounds of microbial origin produced during the degradation of DOM can be relatively stable. Such components contribute much to DOM in the mineral subsoil. Sorption of DOM to soil minerals and (co‐)precipitation with Al (and probably also with Fe), especially of the inherently stable aromatic moieties, result in distinct stabilization. In laboratory incubation experiments, the mean residence time of DOM from the Oa horizon of a Haplic Podzol increased from <30 y in solution to >90 y after sorption to a subsoil. We combined DOM fluxes and mineralization rate constants for DOM sorbed to minerals and a subsoil horizon, and (co‐)precipitated with Al to estimate the potential contribution of DOM to total C in the mineral soil of a Haplic Podzol in Germany. The contribution of roots to DOM was not considered because of lack of data. The DOM‐derived soil C ranges from 20 to 55 Mg ha–1 in the mineral soil, which represents 19%–50% of the total soil C. The variation of the estimate reflects the variation in mineralization rate constants obtained for sorbed and (co‐)precipitated DOM. Nevertheless, the estimates indicate that DOM contributes significantly to the accumulation of stable OM in soil. A more precise estimation of DOM‐derived C in soils requires mineralization rate constants for DOM sorbed to all relevant minerals or (co‐)precipitated with Fe. Additionally, we need information on the contribution of sorption to distinct minerals as well as of (co‐)precipitation with Al and Fe to DOM retention.
Storage and stability of organic matter and fossil carbon in a Luvisol and Phaeozem with continuous maize cropping: A synthesis
Authors: Flessa Heiner , Amelung Wulf , Helfrich Mirjam , Wiesenberg Guido L. B. , Gleixner Gerd , Brodowski Sonja , Rethemeyer Janet , Kramer Christiane , Grootes Pieter M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractQuantitative information about the amount and stability of organic carbon (OC) in different soil organic‐matter (OM) fractions and in specific organic compounds and compound‐classes is needed to improve our understanding of organic‐matter sequestration in soils. In the present paper, we summarize and integrate results performed on two different arable soils with continuous maize cropping (a) Stagnic Luvisol with maize cropping for 24 y, b) Luvic Phaeozem with maize cropping for 39 y) to identify (1) the storage of OC in different soil organic‐matter fractions, (2) the function of these fractions with respect to soil‐OC stabilization, (3) the importance and partitioning of fossil‐C deposits, and (4) the rates of soil‐OC stabilization as assessed by compound‐specific isotope analyses. The fractionation procedures included particle‐size fractionation, density fractionation, aggregate fractionation, acid hydrolysis, different oxidation procedures, isolation of extractable lipids and phospholipid fatty acids, pyrolysis, and the determination of black C. Stability of OC was determined by 13C and 14C analyses. The main inputs of OC were plant litter (both sites) and deposition of fossil C likely from coal combustion and lignite dust (only Phaeozem).
Soil‐carbon preservation through habitat constraints and biological limitations on decomposer activity
Authors: Ekschmitt Klemens , Kandeler Ellen , Poll Christian , Brune Andreas , Buscot Francois , Friedrich Michael , Gleixner Gerd , Hartmann Anton , Kästner Matthias , Marhan Sven , Miltner Anja , Scheu Stefan , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe review recent experimental results on the role of soil biota in stabilizing or destabilizing soil organic matter (SOM). Specifically, we analyze how the differential substrate utilization of the various decomposer organisms contributes to a decorrelation of chemical stability, residence time, and carbon (C) age of organic substrates.Along soil depth profiles, a mismatch of C allocation and abundance of decomposer organisms is consistently observed, revealing that a relevant proportion of soil C is not subjected to efficient decomposition. Results from recent field and laboratory experiments suggest that (1) bacterial utilization of labile carbon compounds is limited by short‐distance transport processes and, therefore, can take place deep in the soil under conditions of effective local diffusion or convection. In contrast, (2) fungal utilization of phenolic substrates, including lignin, appears to be restricted to the upper soil layer due to the requirement for oxygen of the enzymatic reaction involved. (3) Carbon of any age is utilized by soil microorganisms, and microbial C is recycled in the microbial food web. Due to stoichiometric requirements of their metabolism, (4) soil animals tend to reduce the C concentration of SOM disproportionally, until it reaches a threshold level.The reviewed investigations provide new and quantitative evidence that different soil C pools underlie divergent biological constraints of decomposition. The specialization of decomposers towards different substrates and microhabitats leads to a relatively longer persistence of virtually all kinds of organic substrates in the nonpreferred soil spaces. We therefore propose to direct future research explicitly towards such biologically nonpreferred areas where decomposition rates are slow, or where decomposition is frequently interrupted, in order to assess the potential for long‐term preservation of C in the soil.