bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public opinion on reforming U.S. primaries
Authors: Boatright Robert G. , Tolbert Caroline J. , Micatka Nathan K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have measured public attitudes about reform proposals for changing direct primaries. Despite strong public support over the past century for holding primaries, does the public want to change the direct primary, given its very low voter turnout and its potential role in fostering political polarization?MethodUsing a unique nationally representative survey of 3000 U.S. adults conducted in March 2023 by YouGov, this study shows that a majority of Americans support reform of primary elections.ResultsThe reforms which receive the greatest support are those that seem more “democratic” such as establishing national congressional primary and holding open primaries. There is lower support for reforms that give political parties more control over selecting candidates, such as state party conventions. There are significant differences between Republicans, Democrats, and independents, while factors such as interest, education, gender, and race have a minimal impact. Individuals living in states with nonpartisan primaries are more favorable toward this specific reform, ranked‐choice voting, and open primaries, but primary type was not significant in regression models.ConclusionsThe public is opposed to reforms that give parties more say in choosing candidates, consistent with public sentiment a century earlier when the direct primary was adopted.
Increased platelet to red blood cell transfusion ratio associated with acute kidney injury in children with life‐threatening bleeding
Authors: Vaizer Rachel , Leeper Christine M. , Lu Liling , Josephson Cassandra D. , Leonard Julie C. , Brown Joshua B. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionTransfusion may increase the risk of organ failure through immunomodulatory effects. The primary objective of this study was to assess for patient or transfusion‐related factors that are independently associated with the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a cohort of children with life‐threatening bleeding from all etiologies.MethodsIn a secondary analysis of the prospective observational massive transfusion in children (MATIC) study, multivariable logistic regression was performed in an adjusted analysis to determine if blood product ratios or deficits were independently associated with AKI or ARDS in children with life‐threatening bleeding.ResultsThere were 449 children included with a median (interquartile range, IQR) age of 7.3 years (1.7–14.7). Within 5 days of the life‐threatening bleeding event, AKI occurred in 18.5% and ARDS occurred in 20.3% of the subjects. Every 10% increase in the platelet to red blood cell transfusion ratio is independently associated with a 12.7% increase in the odds of AKI (adjusted odds ratio 1.127; 95% confidence interval 1.025–1.239; p‐value .013). Subjects with operative or medical etiologies were independently associated with an increased risk of AKI compared to those with traumatic injury. No transfusion‐related variables were independently associated with the risk of developing ARDS.ConclusionThe use of increased platelet to red blood cell transfusion ratios in children with life‐threatening bleeding of any etiology may increase the risk of AKI but not ARDS. Prospective trials are needed to determine if increased platelet use in this cohort increases the risk of AKI to examine possible mechanisms.
Patient sex and outcomes in children with life‐threatening hemorrhage
Authors: Kolodziej Julia H. , Spinella Philip C. , Brown Joshua B. , Lu Liling , Josephson Cassandra D. , Leonard Julie C. , Leeper Christine M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent data suggest female sex imparts a survival benefit after trauma in adults. The independent associations between patient sex and age with outcomes have not been examined in children with life‐threatening hemorrhage (LTH) from all etiologies.Study Design and MethodsIn a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study of children with LTH, Massive Transfusion in Children (MATIC), we analyzed if patient sex and age were associated with differences in severity of illness, therapies, and outcomes. Primary outcomes were 24 hour mortality and weight‐adjusted transfusion volume during LTH. Kruskal–Wallis, chi‐square testing, and multivariable linear regression were used for adjusted analyses.ResultsOf 449 children, 45% were females and 55% were males. Females were more commonly younger, white, and with less trauma as the etiology of LTH compared to males. Markers of clinical severity were similar between groups, except injury severity score (ISS) was higher in females in the trauma subgroup. In terms of resuscitative practices, females received greater weight‐adjusted total transfusion volumes compared to males (76 (40–150) mL/kg vs. 53 (24–100) mL/kg), as well as increased red blood cells (RBCs), plasma, and platelets compared to males. After adjustment for confounders, female sex and age 0–11 years were independently associated with increased transfusion volume during LTH. There were no differences in mortality or adverse outcomes according to patient sex.ConclusionPatient sex and age may impact factors associated with LTH and therapies received. Studies in developmental hemostasis are needed to determine the optimal transfusion strategy for LTH according to patient sex and age.
Local Heat Transfer Distribution on Thin Metal Foil Impinged by Array of Free Surface Jets
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Prabhu S. V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present study focuses on the measurement of the local heat transfer distribution of a smooth flat plate impinged by an array of free surface jets on a thin metal foil. Local Nusselt number distributions are measured for a fixed jet diameter (d = 3 mm). The jet arrays consist of perfectly round apertures arranged in a square pattern, with a uniform spacing of 4d between adjacent jets in both streamwise and spanwise directions. A wide range of Reynolds numbers varying from 1000 to 12,500 are covered in this study. The nozzle to plate spacing (z/d) is varied between 1 and 10. The effect of the Reynolds number and nozzle to plate spacing on the local and spanwise average Nusselt number distributions are studied. The local and average Nusselt numbers are found to be symmetric in streamwise and spanwise directions and they follow a periodic pattern. The local Nusselt number exhibits an increase with nozzle-to-plate spacing within the low Reynolds number range (Re = 1000–2500). However, for Reynolds numbers exceeding 2500, the influence of nozzle-to-plate spacing on Nusselt number distributions remains negligible up to a nozzle-to-plate distance (z/d) of 5. Beyond this point, there is a gradual decrease in the Nusselt number value. The Nusselt number value gradually decreases beyond z/d of 5. At a Reynolds number of 1500, the Nusselt number increases by 71% for z/d = 10 in comparison to z/d = 1. Empirical correlations for local and spanwise average Nusselt number are proposed which satisfactorily predict the local as well as spanwise average Nusselt number distributions.
Effects of Fatigue Parameters on Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Pipe Steels and Girth Weld
Authors: Park Dong-Yeob , Liang Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Oil and gas pipeline steels and welds are subjected to a wide variety of cyclic loadings: internal pressure variation, pulsation of gas pressure resulting from the cyclic operation of a reciprocating compressor at a gas compressor station, internal flow-induced vibration resulting from the turbulent flow within the pipe, vortex-induced vibration of a free-spanning section exposed to air (wind) for aboveground pipelines or water for water-crossing pipelines, and cyclic thermal stresses developed by significant changes in temperature due to seasonal changes or changes in operating temperatures. These cyclic loadings are very variable and complex. Considering the fatigue situations, a better understanding of the effects of fatigue test parameters on fatigue behaviors of pipeline steels and welds is required. Hence, in this study, the influences of fatigue test parameters on the Paris law coefficients were studied for pipeline steels and welds. It was analyzed for pipe steels of X65∼X100 and a girth weld of X70. Influences of material strength, crack orientation relative to the pipe axis, and frequency in the range of 1∼30 Hz were insignificant. It was found that the coefficients a1 and b2 of the m-ln(C) relationships linearly relied on the load ratio. The constants (α1, β1, α2, and β2) of these linear relationships between R-ratio and a1 (and b2) were determined for pipe steels.
Vibration Characteristics Investigation of Hard-Coated Mistuned Blisk With Multipackets by Lumped Parameter Model
Authors: Bai Bin , Xiang Li , Zeng Xingzhong , Yao Minghui , Niu Yan , Man Jun feng , Tao Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To improve the performance and reduce the vibration of the mistuned blisk, a novel approach combining hard-coating and multipackets is presented. First, the dynamical models of the blisk without hard-coating and multipackets, the hard-coated mistuned blisk without multipackets, and the hard-coated mistuned blisk with multipackets are established based on the lumped parameter model (LPM). Then, the solved results are compared with those previous literature to validate the feasibility and correctness of the proposed models. Furthermore, the characteristics of the natural frequencies and the vibration responses for the mistuned blisk is investigated by proposed LPMs. Finally, the effect of the hard-coating and multipackets on the vibration characteristics for the mistuned blisk are discussed. The obtained results manifest that the vibration response of the mistuned blisk can be further suppressed when the hard-coating and the multipackets are considered simultaneously compared with only the hard-coating or multipackets considered, which provides useful guidance on the vibration reduction for the mistuned blisk.
LVS Δ
capB
-vectored multiantigenic melioidosis vaccines protect against lethal respiratory
Burkholderia pseudomallei
challenge in highly sensitive BALB/c mice
Authors: Tullius Michael V. , Bowen Richard A. , Back Peter S. , Masleša-Galić Saša , Nava Susana , Horwitz Marcus A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Melioidosis, caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen and Tier 1 select agent
Burkholderia pseudomallei
(Bp), is a highly fatal disease endemic in tropical areas. No licensed vaccine against melioidosis exists. In preclinical vaccine studies, demonstrating protection against respiratory infection in the highly sensitive BALB/c mouse has been especially challenging. To address this challenge, we have used a safe yet potent live attenuated platform vector, LVS Δ
capB
, previously used successfully to develop vaccines against the Tier 1 select agents of tularemia, anthrax, and plague, to develop a melioidosis vaccine. We have engineered melioidosis vaccines (rLVS Δ
capB
/Bp) expressing multiple immunoprotective Bp antigens among type VI secretion system proteins Hcp1, Hcp2, and Hcp6, and membrane protein LolC. Administered intradermally, rLVS Δ
capB
/Bp vaccines strongly protect highly sensitive BALB/c mice against lethal respiratory Bp challenge, but protection is overwhelmed at very high challenge doses. In contrast, administered intranasally, rLVS Δ
capB
/Bp vaccines remain strongly protective against even very high challenge doses. Under some conditions, the LVS Δ
capB
vector itself provides significant protection against Bp challenge, and consistent with this, both the vector and vaccines induce humoral immune responses to Bp antigens. Three-antigen vaccines expressing Hcp6-Hcp1-Hcp2 or Hcp6-Hcp1-LolC are among the most potent and provide long-term protection and protection even with a single intranasal immunization. Protection via the intranasal route was either comparable to or statistically significantly better than the single-deletional Bp mutant Bp82, which served as a positive control. Thus, rLVS Δ
capB
/Bp vaccines are exceptionally promising safe and potent melioidosis vaccines.

IMPORTANCE

Melioidosis, a major neglected disease caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen
Burkholderia pseudomallei
, is endemic in many tropical areas of the world and causes an estimated 165,000 cases and 89,000 deaths in humans annually. Moreover,
B. pseudomallei
is categorized as a Tier 1 select agent of bioterrorism, largely because inhalation of low doses can cause rapidly fatal pneumonia. No licensed vaccine is available to prevent melioidosis. Here, we describe a safe and potent melioidosis vaccine that protects against lethal respiratory challenge with
B. pseudomallei
in a highly sensitive small animal model—even a single immunization is highly protective, and the vaccine gives long-term protection. The vaccine utilizes a highly attenuated replicating intracellular bacterium as a vector to express multiple key proteins of
B. pseudomallei
; this vector platform has previously been used successfully to develop potent vaccines against other Tier 1 select agent diseases including tularemia, anthrax, and plague.
Genome-wide profiling of Hfq-bound RNAs reveals the iron-responsive small RNA RusT in
Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Vogt Laura N. , Panis Gaël , Schäpers Anna , Peschek Nikolai , Huber Michaela , Papenfort Kai , Viollier Patrick H. , Fröhlich Kathrin S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The alphaproteobacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
thrives in oligotrophic environments and is able to optimally exploit minimal resources by entertaining an intricate network of gene expression control mechanisms. Numerous transcriptional activators and repressors have been reported to contribute to these processes, but only few studies have focused on regulation at the post-transcriptional level in
C. crescentus
. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are a prominent class of regulators of bacterial gene expression, and most sRNAs characterized today engage in direct base-pairing interactions to modulate the translation and/or stability of target mRNAs. In many cases, the ubiquitous RNA chaperone, Hfq, contributes to the establishment of RNA-RNA interactions. Although the deletion of the
hfq
gene is associated with a severe loss of fitness in
C. crescentus
, the RNA ligands of the chaperone have remained largely unexplored. Here we report on the identification of coding and non-coding transcripts associated with Hfq in
C. crescentus
and demonstrate Hfq-dependent post-transcriptional regulation in this organism. We show that the Hfq-bound sRNA RusT is transcriptionally controlled by the NtrYX two-component system and induced in response to iron starvation. By combining RusT pulse expression with whole-genome transcriptome analysis, we determine 16 candidate target transcripts that are deregulated, many of which encode outer membrane transporters. We hence suggest RusT to support remodeling of the
C. crescentus
cell surface when iron supplies are limited.

IMPORTANCE

The conserved RNA-binding protein Hfq contributes significantly to the adaptation of bacteria to different environmental conditions. Hfq not only stabilizes associated sRNAs but also promotes inter-molecular base-pairing interactions with target transcripts. Hfq plays a pivotal role for growth and survival, controlling central metabolism and cell wall synthesis in the oligotroph
Caulobacter crescentus
. However, direct evidence for Hfq-dependent post-transcriptional regulation and potential oligotrophy in
C. crescentus
has been lacking. Here, we identified sRNAs and mRNAs associated with Hfq
in vivo
, and demonstrated the requirement of Hfq for sRNA-mediated regulation, particularly of outer membrane transporters in
C. crescentus
.
Complete sequence of the closed circular extrachromosomal element of
Naegleria pringsheimi
De Jonckheere (strain Singh)
Authors: Nguyen Brian T. , Chapman Nora M. , Johnson Niklas , Stessman Holly A. F. , Tracy Steven , Drescher Kristen M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The DNA encoding the ribosomal RNA in
Naegleria
is encoded on closed circular extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA-containing elements (CERE) in the nucleolus. In this report, we describe the sequence of the CERE of
Naegleria pringsheimi
De Jonckheere (strain Singh).
Complete genome sequence of
Klebsiella variicola
subsp.
variicola
ML.9ba2, an endophytic strain isolated from aerial roots of
Philodendron erubescens
Authors: Lam M. , Leung K. M. , Lai G. K. K. , Leung F. C. C. , Griffin S. D. J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The endophytic strain
Klebsiella variicola
subsp.
variicola
ML.9ba2 was isolated from aerial roots of
Philodendron erubescens
in Hong Kong. Its complete genome of 5,682,083 bp (57.29% G+C), comprising a single chromosome and an IncF plasmid, was established through hybrid assembly.
Decoupling between the genetic potential and the metabolic regulation and expression in microbial organic matter cleavage across microbiomes
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Baltar Federico , Herndl Gerhard J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics are used to explore the microbial capability of enzyme secretion, but the links between protein-encoding genes and corresponding transcripts/proteins across ecosystems are underexplored. By conducting a multi-omics comparison focusing on key enzymes (carbohydrate-active enzymes [CAZymes] and peptidases) cleaving the main biomolecules across distinct microbiomes living in the ocean, soil, and human gut, we show that the community structure, functional diversity, and secretion mechanisms of microbial secretory CAZymes and peptidases vary drastically between microbiomes at metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metaproteomic levels. Such variations lead to decoupled relationships between CAZymes and peptidases from genetic potentials to protein expressions due to the different responses of key players toward organic matter sources and concentrations. Our results highlight the need for systematic analysis of the factors shaping patterns of microbial cleavage on organic matter to better link omics data to ecosystem processes.

IMPORTANCE
Omics tools are used to explore adaptive mechanism of microbes in diverse systems, but the advantages and limitations of different omics tools remain skeptical. Here, we reported distinct profiles in microbial secretory enzyme composition revealed by different omics methods. In general, the predicted function from metagenomic analysis decoupled from the expression of corresponding transcripts/proteins. Linking omics results to taxonomic origin, functional capability, substrate specificity, secretion preference, and enzymatic activity measurement suggested the substrate's source, concentration and stoichiometry impose strong filtering on the expression of extracellular enzymes, which may overwrite the genetic potentials. Our results present an integrated perspective on the need for multi-dimensional characterization of microbial adaptation in a changing environment.
Association between deep learning measured retinal vessel calibre and incident myocardial infarction in a retrospective cohort from the UK Biobank
Authors: Wong Yiu Lun , Yu Marco , Chong Crystal , Yang Dawei , Xu Dejiang , Lee Mong Li , Hsu Wynne , Wong Tien Y , Cheng Chingyu , Cheung Carol Y 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of global death. Prospective population-based studies have found that changes in retinal microvasculature are associated with the development of coronary artery disease. Recently, artificial intelligence deep learning (DL) algorithms have been developed for the fully automated assessment of retinal vessel calibres.MethodsIn this study, we validate the association between retinal vessel calibres measured by a DL system (Singapore I Vessel Assessment) and incident myocardial infarction (MI) and assess its incremental performance in discriminating patients with and without MI when added to risk prediction models, using a large UK Biobank cohort.ResultsRetinal arteriolar narrowing was significantly associated with incident MI in both the age, gender and fellow calibre-adjusted (HR=1.67 (95% CI: 1.19 to 2.36)) and multivariable models (HR=1.64 (95% CI: 1.16 to 2.32)) adjusted for age, gender and other cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, diabetes mellitus (DM) and cholesterol status. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.738 to 0.745 (p=0.018) in the age–gender-adjusted model and from 0.782 to 0.787 (p=0.010) in the multivariable model. The continuous net reclassification improvements (NRIs) were significant in the age and gender-adjusted (NRI=21.56 (95% CI: 3.33 to 33.42)) and the multivariable models (NRI=18.35 (95% CI: 6.27 to 32.61)). In the subgroup analysis, similar associations between retinal arteriolar narrowing and incident MI were observed, particularly for men (HR=1.62 (95% CI: 1.07 to 2.46)), non-smokers (HR=1.65 (95% CI: 1.13 to 2.42)), patients without DM (HR=1.73 (95% CI: 1.19 to 2.51)) and hypertensive patients (HR=1.95 (95% CI: 1.30 to 2.93)) in the multivariable models.ConclusionOur results support DL-based retinal vessel measurements as markers of incident MI in a predominantly Caucasian population.
Examining the relationship between the oral microbiome, alcohol intake and alcohol-comorbid neuropsychological disorders: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Maki Katherine A. , Crayton Chelsea B. , Butera Gisela , Wallen Gwenyth R. 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionHeavy alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) continues to rise as a public health problem and increases the risk for disease. Elevated rates of anxiety, depression, sleep disruption and stress are associated with alcohol use. Symptoms may progress to diagnosed neurophysiological conditions and increase risk for relapse if abstinence is attempted. Research on mechanisms connecting the gastrointestinal microbiome to neuropsychological disorders through the gut-brain axis is well-established. Less is known how the oral microbiome and oral microbial-associated biomarkers may signal to the brain. Therefore, a synthesis of research studying relationships between alcohol intake, alcohol-associated neurophysiological symptoms and the oral microbiome is needed to understand the state of the current science. In this paper, we outline our protocol to collect, evaluate and synthesise research focused on associations between alcohol intake and AUD-related neuropsychological disorders with the oral microbiome.Methods and analysisThe search strategy was developed and will be executed in collaboration with a medical research librarian. Studies will be screened by two independent investigators according to the aim of the scoping review, along with the outlined exclusion and inclusion criteria. After screening, data will be extracted and synthesised from the included papers according to predefined demographic, clinical and microbiome methodology metrics.Ethics and disseminationA scoping review of primary sources is needed to synthesise the data on relationships between alcohol use, neuropsychological conditions associated with AUD and the oral microbiome. The proposed scoping review is based on the data from publicly available databases and does not require ethical approval. We expect the results of this synthesis will identify gaps in the growing literature and highlight potential mechanisms linking the oral-brain axis to addiction and other associated neuropsychological conditions. The study findings and results will be disseminated through journals and conferences related to psychology, neuroscience, dentistry and the microbiome.