bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grading of prostatic cancer: III. Multivariate analysis of prognostic parameters
Authors: Schroeder Fritz H. , Blom Jan H. M. , Hop Wim C. J. , Mostofi F. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis work is based on the two previous publications which are concerned with grading prostatic carcinoma. In the present communication the technique of multivariate analysis is applied to quantify the prognostic importance of parameters which were earlier identified as contributing in a significant manner to grading. The results of this analysis are used to construct a scoring system which differentiates five significantly different prognostic groups. When compared to the results of grading, the new system is shown to be superior. The large group of 228 patients with G2 tumors can be split into three groups, each with a significantly different prognosis.The correlation of the scoring system to local tumor extension (pT category) is described.Recommendations for grading of prostatic carcinoma resulting from this work are the following: 1) Only three independent parameters are of significance for grading prostatic cancer: tumor architecture, nuclear anaplasia, and the presence or absence of mitoses. 2) The combination of these parameters in a scoring system identifies five separate prognostically different groups. 3) The separation achieved by this new system is superior to conventional grading and is suggested for grading prostatic cancer.
Treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma with D‐trp‐6‐LH‐RH
Authors: Gonzalez‐Barcena David , Perez‐Sanchez Patricia , Ureta‐Sanchez Sergio , Dominguez Hector Berea , Graef‐Sanchez Alicia , Morales Margarita Becerril , Comaru‐Schally Ana Maria , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty patients with stage D2 prostatic carcinoma were treated for up to 18 months with D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH. Results of more than 3 months of treatment on these 20 patients are reported. The analog was given SC once daily at a dose of 1,000 μg/day. All patients had bone pain and high levels of acid and alkaline phosphatase. After the first week of D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH administration, major decreases in bone pain and reversal of the signs of prostatism were observed. Acid phosphatase gradually fell, achieving normal values after 12 weeks. Initial plasma testosterone was within normal limits, but during treatment with D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH it fell to castration levels. Resting values of PRL, GH, TSH, and cortisol did not show significant changes. After TRH, TSH increased in five patients, but five did not respond. However, at 2 and 4 months, all patients released TSH in response to TRH. Two patients died during the treatment with D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH despite initial subjective responses and decreases in testosterone levels. The rise in acid phosphatase levels in these two patients was accompanied by a general deterioration, suggesting that they had androgen‐independent cancer. One patient who developed progressive hepatic, bone, and pulmonary metastases in spite of previous orchiectomy was also treated with the analog. Three months later his acid phosphatase levels were within normal values, and partial regression of metastases was observed. These results demonstrate that D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH and other LH‐RH agonists can be used as an effective endocrine therapy for advanced prostate carcinoma, thereby avoiding the side effects of estrogens or the psychological impact of surgical castration.
Differences in nonhistone protein changes in rat ventral and dorsolateral prostate during sexual maturation
Authors: Nishi Nozomu , Matuo Yuhsi , Tanaka Yukio , Muguruma Yasuyoshi , Wada Fumio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAge‐related changes of chromosomal proteins in the dorsolateral and ventral prostates of rats from 6 to 31 weeks of age were studied by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A nonhistone protein having a molecular weight of about 20,000 (20K‐NHP), abundantly localized in the dorsolateral prostate, increased rapidly in content during the early stage of sexual maturation (6‐11 weeks of age) in association with increases of serum testosterone concentration and prostatic tissue weight. Serum testosterone concentration decreased after week 11 and then remained constant until week 31. In contrast, the 20K‐NHP content continued to increase after 11 weeks of age in the dorsolateral prostate, but not in the ventral prostate. The rapid increase of 20K‐NHP in the dorsolateral prostate during the early stage of sexual maturation could not be attained in immature rats (5 weeks of age) by injection of excess amounts of androgens and/or prolactin for a week. But the 20K‐NHP content in the ventral prostate of rats treated with testosterone propionate was almost the same as that of mature rats.
Comparison of subcellular proteins of normal prostate, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and prostatic cancer: Presence of BPH‐associated nonhistone proteins
Authors: Wada Fumio , Nishi Nozomu , Tanaka Yukio , Muguruma Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Koichiro , Matuo Yuhsi , Usami Michiyuki , Kotake Toshihiko , Matsui Sei‐Ichi , Sandberg Avery A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProteins in the cytosol, postnuclear particulate, and nuclear fractions from seven specimens of normal prostate from bladder cancer patients, 14 specimens of benign hypertrophic prostate (BPH), and three specimens of cancerous prostate were analyzed and compared by SDS‐polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Abundant protein species in the cytosol fractions were 60K (species having a molecular weight of about 60,000) and 42K; their relative contents were about 35% for 60K and about 12% for 42K. In the postnuclear particulate fraction, 42K was the most abundant (about 10% of the total). The contents of these major protein species were similar in specimens of normal and diseased prostates. In addition, there are marked similarities in the electrophoretic patterns for all the protein (24–29 species) in the cytosol and postnuclear particulate fractions of the human prostate, except for four minor species in the cytosol fraction. Of the nuclear proteins, the content of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) was fundamentally similar among all the specimens, whereas the content of H1 histone was different from one specimen to another. The most remarkable and significant difference was that the 42K‐NHP (nonhistone protein having a molecular weight of about 42,000), 55K‐NHP, and 190K‐NHP concentrations were significantly higher in BPH than in normal and cancerous prostates.
A prognostic index for the clinical management of patients with advanced prostatic cancer: A british prostate study group investigation
Authors: Wilson D. W. , Harper M. E. , Richards G. , Pierrepoint C. G. , Griffiths K. , Jensen H. M. , Ikeda R. M. , Peeling W. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with histologically proven carcinoma of the prostate (n = 186) were initially assessed and followed up according to the standardized protocol of the British Prostate Study Group, urologists from which contributed patients to this investigation. These patients were given either endocrine therapy or orchidectomy as first line treatment; the ratio of the number of patients receiving these two treatment was similar in each group of subjects compared for survival. Prognostic indices were derived for all patients and for those classified according to the presence (M1) or absence (M0) of metastases. The prognostic indices were derived from clinical and hormone data obtained at initial presentation. Whereas the degree of tumor differentiation and plasma testosterone concentrations were significant prognostic factors in both M0 and M1 disease, growth hormone was only significant in M1 patients, where age was also of borderline significance; elevated growth hormone, higher Gleason grade, younger age, and lower testosterone indicated a poorer prognosis in M1 patients. These findings indicated the feasibility of selecting a poor prognostic group of patients that may derive benefit from a more aggressive therapy.
The effect of low‐dose cyclophosphamide and immunologic exposure upon growth of established dunning R‐3327‐G subline rat prostate adenocarcinomas
Authors: Rubenstein Marvin , Shaw Michael W. , McKiel Charles F. , Guinan Patrick D. , Bhatti Rashid A. , Habibi Hossein 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUtilizing the Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma, a low dose of cyclophosphamide (CY), 30 mg/kg, administered either alone or following diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy, was as effective as higher levels of CY (100 mg/kg) in ability to initiate tumor regression. A lower dose (10 mg/kg) of CY was initially ineffective. Animals which had been injected with tumor an additional 10 days prior to initiation of CY treatment were apparently more responsive to this mode of chemotherapy. The effect of this additional 10 days of immunologic exposure supports the belief that the activity of CY is augmented by the presence of immunologic competence. All animals which responded favorably toward therapy utilizing CY, alone or in combination with DES, were similarly able to reject subsequent tumor challenges. It is thought that low‐dose CY may reduce the immunosuppressive effects observed with higher levels and presumably preserve the helper T cell population necessary to mount secondary immune responses.
Influence of surgical techniques on receptor levels and 5α‐reductase activity of the human prostate gland
Authors: Habib Fouad K. , Smith Trevor , Robinson Rosemary , Chisholm Geoffrey D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study examines the effects of removing prostate specimens by different surgical techniques on the androgen receptor levels and 5α‐reductase activity of the tissue. Comparison of specimen obtained by transurethral resection (TUR) with those from an open operation revealed that the size of the resected chips was critical in maintaining the hormonal activities of the specimens. Provided that the size (length x thickness) of the resected chips was greater than 1.5 × 0.4 cm there was no effect on either the androgen receptor levels or the testosterone‐metabolizing activity of the tissue, and TUR specimens can therefore be reliably used to assess the hormonal activity of the gland.
Characterization of rat ventral prostatic epithelial cells in collagen gel culture
Authors: O'connor Terence , Sinha Dilip K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe characterization of rat ventral prostatic epithelial cells grown in collagen gel culture was undertaken to determine the usefulness of this culture technique for the study of prostatic growth and differentiation in vitro. The results of these studies demonstrate that embedding prostatic epithelial cells in a matrix of collagen gel permitted rapid proliferation and maintenance of the cells for a prolonged period of time in a state that showed remarkable structural resemblance and physiological responsiveness to that found in vivo. Three‐dimensional outgrowths from dissociated single epithelial cells and/or small aggregates of epithelial cells were obtained which resembled structures actually found within the prostate gland, as determined by histological and visual examination of the cellular growths present within the gels. In addition, the responsiveness of the cells in the collagen gel cultures to various hormonal additives, including insulin, testosterone, prolactin, and estradiol correlated closely to the manner in which these cells have been shown to respond in vivo. The general characteristics of growth of the cells in the collagen gel cultures, the effect of various sera and different pH levels upon growth, and the ability of the cells to produce acid phosphatase were also investigated.
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of proteins from different lobes of the rat prostate and seminal vesicle
Authors: Gerhardt P. , Mevåg B. , Rui H. , Purvis K. , Tveter K. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo‐dimensional ISO‐DALT electrophoresis of cytosols and secretions from various lobes of the rat prostate gland and seminal vesicle reveals major differences in intracellular and secretory protein patterns. This study confirms a previous study utilizing one‐dimensional electrophoresis.The dorsal lobe and coagulating gland appear to secrete predominantly relatively basic proteins (molecular mass, MM, 70,000–200,000 daltons, pI > 7) in contrast to the ventral lobe, which secretes proteins of a more acidic character (pI 4–5). The majority of proteins in the latter case appear to represent subunits of the major secretory protein of the rat ventral prostate, prostatein. At least one secretory protein is relatively specific for the lateral lobe (MM 16,000 daltons, pI 4.5). The vesicular secretion also contains relatively greater quantities of basic proteins than acidic but with varying molecular mass (12,000–100,000 daltons).This study extends the search for specific protein markers for different lobes of the rat accessory sex glands and provides additional biochemical data which can be exploited in the future to isolate selected secretory proteins on a large scale for antibody production.
Establishment of a long‐term adenocarcinoma of the prostate cell line in the nude mouse
Authors: Graham S. D. , Poulton S. H. , Woodard B. H. , Lyles K. W. , Paulson D. F. , Linder J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere are few established human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines in existence. Most established lines are nonfunctional and hormonally insensitive. A human prostate adenocarcinoma (9479) has been serially transplanted for more than 4 years in athymic nude mice. The tumor is estrogen and androgen insensitive, is transplantable between mice with a high rate of success. The tumor does not produce enzymatically measurable acid phosphatase, but does produce immunologically identifiable acid phosphatase. Not only has the tumor retained its original morphology, it also appears to produce a factor producing hypophosphatemia. Current studies in regards to the endocrinological aspects of this tumor are in progress. We propose that acid phosphatase is produced, but in an altered form.
Changes of cytosol proteins in the ventral and dorsolateral prostates of rats during sexual maturation: Immature prostate‐abundant proteins as detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses
Authors: Wada Fumio , Nishi Nozomu , Muguruma Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Yukio , Matuo Yuhsi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytosol proteins in the ventral and dorsolateral prostates of rats from four to 31 weeks of age were analyzed by SDS‐electrophoresis. By comparing the relative contents (% of the total protein), it was found that in addition to the known major proteins which became abundant with age, there were several species abundant in the sexually immature prostates: (1) Ventral prostate: two kinds of secretory proteins with apparent molecular weights of about 31,000 (31K) and 67,000 (67K) and five kinds of nonsecretory proteins (42K, 57K, 58K, 80K and 84K) were abundant at weeks 4‐5; the most susceptible species was 80K, whose content at week 4 decreased to about one tenth at week 31. (2) Dorsolateral prostate: a nonsecretory protein (41K) and 14.4K, 34K, 80K, and 85K, which were distributed into the secretory and nonsecretory fractions, were abundant at weeks 4‐7; the most susceptible species was 80K, whose content at week 4 decreased to about one tenth after week 11. Total contents (content/100 g body weight) of all the protein species increased by aging in either prostate; the most susceptible species were 13K in the ventral prostate and 120K in the dorsolateral prostate, whose total contents increased 90‐100 times during sexual maturation.
Androgen‐repressed messages in the rat ventral prostate
Authors: Montpetit Michael L. , Lawless Kenneth R. , Tenniswood Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPoly (A)+ RNA from the prostates of both intact and castrated rats was translated in a message‐dependent reticulocyte lysate, and the translation products were electrophoresed on SDS/polyacrylamide gels. Fluorography of these gels showed the expected disappearance, after castration, of the prostate steroid‐binding proteins as well as a number of other androgen‐dependent proteins. Two major (Mr 40,000 and 45,000) and several minor proteins appeared in the translation products of the castrated rat prostate RNA. Criss‐cross liquid hybridization analysis between prostate poly (A+) RNA from intact and castrated rats also showed the disappearance of the abundant prostate steroid‐binding protein sequences after castration and the synthesis of several new low to medium abundance sequences. Northern hybridization experiments demonstrated the presence of at least two, and possibly four androgen‐repressed poly (A)+ RNA sequences. The most prominent of these, an RNA of 2,000 nucleotides, appeared within 2 days of castration, reaching a maximum on day 4 at a level approximately 400 times greater than the normal level. The other major sequence (a sequence of 1,000 nucleotides) appears after 4 days, reaching a peak between days 8 and 11. Sequences similar to these new RNAs could play an important role in the long‐term resistance of prostatic cancer to hormone therapy in humans.
Proliferative responses of rat ventral prostate: Effects of variations in organ culture media and methodology
Authors: Buchanan Lynn J. , Riches A. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEffects of variations in organ culture media and methodology on the proliferative activity of rat ventral prostate and its response to testosterone were investigated quantitatively by using the incorporation of [125I]‐iododeoxyuridine (125I‐UdR) to monitor DNA synthesis. In serum‐free medium, maximal increases in DNA synthesis occurred when testosterone was introduced during the first 48 hours of the culture. Supplementation of the medium with 5% fetal calf serum did not alter the responses in control or testosterone‐treated cultures, whereas the addition of insulin (3 μg/ml) alone or in combination with serum promoted cell proliferation in testosterone‐free cultures and enhanced the stimulatory effect of testosterone. Unlike grid‐supported cultures, suspension cultures of rat ventral prostate exhibited increased proliferative activity both in the presence and absence of testosterone. Thus, variations in experimental procedure may account for differences in the proliferative activity of rat prostate between organ culture studies.
Zinc and cadmium plasma and erythrocyte levels in prostatic carcinoma, BPH, urological malignancies, and inflammations
Authors: Feustel A. , Wennrich R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractZinc and cadmium in both serum and erythrocytes from patients with prostatic carcinoma of different histologies, BPH, other urological tumors, and pyelonephritis were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The variance of the results obtained was very high for each group. No significant differences in the Zn or Cd concentration in either the blood plasma or the erythrocytes could be found between any of the different groups of patients. There were also no trends to be seen in the concentrations of these elements in human blood over a period of months. We conclude that the concentration of Zn and Cd in serum or erythrocytes are not an index for the diagnosis or therapy of prostatic carcinoma, BPH, urological malignancy, or inflammations.
The beneficial effects of diphosphonate and piroxicam on the osteolytic and metastatic spread of rat prostate carcinoma cells
Authors: Pollard Morris , Luckert Phyllis H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransplantable rat prostate adenocarcinoma III cells produce local tumors and osteolytic and osteoplastic lesions and they metastasize through defined lymphatic channels to the lungs in which they produce expanding focal tumors. The bone lesions were prevented by treatments with dichloromethane diphosphonate (C12MDP). Treatment of rats with piroxicam, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, suppressed to some extent tumor growth, bone destruction, and metastasis. However, simultaneous treatments of rats with both drugs (C12MDP and piroxicam) prevented bone damage and suppressed tumor growth and metastatic spread very significantly without evidence of toxicity.
Correlations between prostate chromatin structure and transcriptional activity and acceptor site distribution
Authors: Davies Peter , Thomas Philip , Manning David L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAndrogen‐receptor complexes are intimately involved in the maintenance of rat ventral prostate chromatin in a transcriptionally active structure. The presence or absence of androgens influenced the quantity of transcriptionally active chromatin and the distribution of acceptor sites for androgen‐receptor complexes as probed by endonucleolytic cleavage. After castration, changes in the sedimentation rates of nucleosome oligomers were consistent with the absence of androgen‐receptor complexes and elongating polyribonucleotide chains. These changes were accompanied by decreases in the ability of chromatin released under conditions of minimal nuclease digestion to bind androgen‐receptor complexes and to support incorporation of RNA precursors responsive to androgenic stimulation. Saturation analyses of chromatin and nuclear fractions with partially purified androgen‐receptor complexes revealed two affinity classes of acceptor sites. After castration, alterations in the intrachromatin distribution of acceptor sites were consistent with their redeployment into areas of decreased nuclease sensitivity, as previously shown for androgen‐responsive genes.
Development of a model for the induction of estrogen‐related prostatic hyperplasia in the dog and its response to the aromatase inhibitor 4‐hydroxy‐4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione: Preliminary results
Authors: Habenicht Ursula‐F. , Schwarz Klaus , Schweikert Hans‐U. , Neumann Friedmund , Fathy Etreby M. El 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough the presence of the testes is an absolutely necessary prerequisite for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to occur, the role of androgens in the cause of BPH is still controversial. There are increasing signs for a decisive role of estrogens in that connection. We treated castrated beagle dogs of known age with androstenedione (an androgen that can be aromatized) and with the aromatase inhibitor 4‐hydroxyandrostendione. Six or 9 months of treatment with androstenedione resulted in a BPH characterized by typical androgenic effects—ie, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epithelium—and by typical estrogenic effects—, stimulation of the stroma, especially of the smooth muscles, and cystic enlargement of the tubules. These estrogen‐related effects could be clearly antagonized by the simultaneous treatment with the aromatase inhibitor 4‐hydroxyandrostenedione. The hyperplastic effects on the epithelium were also partly antagonized by the aromatase inhibitor. Our preliminary results further strengthen the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitors as an alternative treatment of human BPH, which is thought to be predominantly a stromal disease.