bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECOLOGY OF LAMINARIA SINCLAIRII ON THREE NORTHERN OREGON BEACHES1,2
Authors: Markham James W. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY Laminaria sinclairii (Harvey) Furlow, Anderson and Eaton occurs only on the Pacific Coast, of North America and is usually restricted to rocks on beaches subjected, to moderate to heavy surf and a large seasonal fluctuation in sand level. It was observed and measured over a 2‐year period‐on 3 such beaches in northern Oregon. Growth, rate and, relative dominance are greatest in the lowest and most exposed parts of the inter tidal zone, where surf action and sand burial are greatest.The sand level begins to build up on the beach in April and continues to rise, burying the plants, throughout the summer, until the first, heavy storms in fall again remove the sand. Maximum growth occurs in early summer, prior to burial. The blades are lost in December and regenerated in January. Ripe sori are produced on the old blades just before they are lost and on the new blades just after they appear. The gametophyles which, develop from spores produced by these sori apparently do not usually produce sporophytes. In March and April there is considerable production of new stipes and blades from the haptera at the margins of the holdfast and this is apparently the chief means of reproduction.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CELL ENUMERATION FOR FILAMENTOUS ALGAE AND BACTERIA1
Authors: Burnham Jeffrey C , Stetak Thomas , Boulger James 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYA new simple method for estimating the number of individual cells per milliliter in suspensions of filamentous microorganisms is described. This 2‐part procedure utilizes a standard microscopic counting chamber and is independent of filament length or individual cell size. A statistical analysis of the method is also presented.
GLOEOCOCCUS MINUTISSIMUS SP. NOV. ISOLATED FROM SOIL1
Authors: King Joe M. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYA new species of Gloeococcns, G. minutissimus, is described from unialgal culture; the organism was isolated from soil collected near Bastrop, Bastrop Co., Texas. This alga consistently produced Chlamydomonas‐like vegetative cells that were motile within nonmotile colonies of definite shape. Its taxonomic position is also discussed.
Residential Care/Assisted Living Staff May Detect Undiagnosed Dementia Using the Minimum Data Set Cognition Scale
Authors: Zimmerman Sheryl , Sloane Philip D. , Williams Christianna S. , Dobbs Debra , Ellajosyula Ratnavalli , Braaten Alyssa , Rupnow Marcia F. T. , Kaufer Daniel I. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the Minimum Data Set Cognition Scale (MDS‐COGS) in screening for undetected dementia when completed by direct care staff in residential care/assisted living (RC/AL) facilities and secondarily to determine the prevalence of dementia in the sample.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional study in which staff were trained to complete the MDS‐COGS. Research interviewers and a neuropsychologist obtained information on each participant. Two neurologists reviewed the data and examined the participant, rendering a probable diagnosis of dementia/non‐dementia diagnosis. MDS‐COGS results were compared with the neurologists' determination.SETTING: Fourteen RC/AL facilities in North Carolina.PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected from 50 staff on 166 residents without a diagnosis of dementia.MEASUREMENTS: In addition to the MDS‐COGS, measures included a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms were also assessed.RESULTS: Neurologists determined that 38% of participants had probable dementia. An MDS‐COGS cutpoint of 2 was highly specific (0.97) but not very sensitive (0.49) for dementia. Test–retest and interrater agreement for a negative screen were high (88% and 93%, respectively).CONCLUSION: The MDS‐COGS is a simple, brief screen that RC/AL staff can complete. It will identify with high specificity a subset of residents with undetected dementia, allowing rapid identification of those likely to need dementia care. Caution needs to be exercised in light of its low sensitivity, because some with milder dementia will not be detected. Further work is needed to determine whether staff can and will use the MDS‐COGS as a trigger for more‐thorough assessment and to guide care and improve outcomes.
In vivo evidence for early neurodevelopmental anomaly of the anterior cingulate cortex in bipolar disorder
Authors: Fornito A. , Malhi G. S. , Lagopoulos J. , Ivanovski B. , Wood S. J. , Velakoulis D. , Saling M. M. , McGorry P. D. , Pantelis C. , Yücel M. 
Published: August 2007

Objective:  Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) abnormalities are commonly reported in studies of patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but it is unclear whether these precede or follow illness onset. We investigated the evidence for early neurodevelopmental anomalies in the ACC and adjacent paracingulate cortex (PaC) of BD patients by studying cortical folding patterns of the region.Method:  Magnetic resonance images were acquired from 54 BD patients and 116 healthy controls. Cortical folding patterns were assessed by classifying the incidence of the paracingulate sulcus (PCS) and interruptions in the course of the cingulate sulcus (CS).Results:  Patients were significantly less likely to show a PCS bilaterally. There were no differences in the frequency of CS interruptions.Conclusion:  The bilateral reduction observed in our patient sample implicates aberrant pre‐ or peri‐natal developmental processes. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo evidence for early neurodevelopmental anomaly of the ACC/PaC region in BD.
Iron status in a multiethnic population (age 36–80 yr) in northern Norway: the SAMINOR study
Authors: Broderstad Ann Ragnhild , Melhus Marita , Lund Eiliv 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectives:  Northern Norway consists of a multiethnic population of Sámi and non‐Sámi. We evaluated iron status in these two groups with respect to gender, age and residence.Methods:  In 2002–2004, a cross‐sectional study of health and living conditions in areas with both Sámi and Norwegian populations, SAMINOR, was performed in northern Norway. In total, 16 538 men and women between the age of 36 and 79 yr, participated. Response rate was 60.9%. Information about ethnic belonging, s‐ferritin and transferrin saturation were available in 14 873 persons (54.8% of the invited sample). A questionnaire delivered at attendance had several questions on family background language and self‐perceived ethnicity.Results:  Sámi men and women living in the inland areas had significantly higher mean s‐ferritin than non‐Sámi living in the same area (P < 0.0001). The inland Sámi also had significantly higher s‐ferritin than the coastal Sámi and non‐Sámi populations, both genders (P < 0.013). S‐ferritin increased with increasing age for all women, while the opposite was true for men. Lifestyle factors had impact on s‐ferritin level. Also mean transferrin saturation was higher at the inland residents but significant only for the male participants.Conclusion:  The results from our analyses indicate that individuals living at the inland areas have higher s‐ferritin and transferrin saturation than the coastal population. There were also differences in iron levels between Sámi and non‐Sámi groups at the inland areas. Iron levels are influenced by lifestyle factors. The observed differences in iron levels might therefore be explained by nutritional habits.
Architecture and Environment in Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited
Authors: Schönberg Ulf 
Published: August 2007

This essay's aim is to direct attention to and analyse Evelyn Waugh's often overlooked use of symbolism, here examined in the novel Brideshead Revisited, where environment in general and architecture in particular plays a prominent role.The essay examines the function of several environmental features in the novel, concentrating on the castle with its chapel and fountain. These features are shown to emphasize the themes of the novel and to help carry forward the plot.Eventually the architectural metaphor analysed is shown to pursue and complete the novel's ambition to “transcend nostalgia” to reach the values of the catholic faith finally accepted by the main character, Charles Ryder.
Les Comptes amoureux de Jeanne Flore: un Texte‐Echo
Authors: Winn Colette H. 
Published: August 2007

La critique a souvent souligné les sources classiques des Comptes amoureux de Jeanne Flore au dépens des sources nationales qui ne tiennent pas moins une place de choix. Nous examinons done, pour commencer, la part qu'occupe la lyrique médiéavale dans le recueil en nous interrogeant plus particulièrement sur le curieux choix que Jeanne fait de thèmes littéraires (“la belle dame sans mercy” et la chanson de la mal mariée), affiliés á des courants opposés.On s'apercCoit en fait que cette juxtaposition de veines oppo‐sées produit une constante remise en question des traditions littéraires amoureuses et, plus encore, de l'amour proprement cour‐tois. En examinant de plus prés la peinture qui nous est offerte d'amour, on est également frappe par l'insistance sur les notions d'impuissance et d'asservissement et par le recours à des ma‐noeuvres d'intimidation qui visent à imposer une certaine image de la femme (la femme soumise, la femme domptée) et de son role en amour (celui de répondre ou d'agréer). On conclut que dans les Comptes amoureux se lit la distance que l'auteur prend par rapport aux textes qui ont précédé, le refus du discours amoureux tel que l'homme l'énonce, refus qui ne saurait cependant s'exprimer qu'indirectement.Si j'ayme cil, que je debvrois hayr, Et hays celuy, que je debvrois aymer, Lon ne s'en doibt autrement esbayr, Et ne m'en deult aucun en rien blasmer. Pernette Du Guillet, Rymes
Aspects of the Rimbaldian Prose Poem: Pattern and Disorder in the “Illuminations”
Authors: Macklin Gerald M. 
Published: August 2007

The article sets out to consider a number of formal features of the Illuminations and proceeds from this basis to suggest an approach to the Rimbaldian prose poem. Central to the paper is the argument that, while Rimbaud clearly turns to prose poetry as a means of emancipation from the restrictive conventions of verse, the Illuminations are by no means an example of random or unstructured writing. Rather they should be viewed as texts in which Rimbaud exploits the freedom from traditional rules of prosody while simultaneously developing new formal patterns which become defining characteristics of his version of the prose poem.The article analyses several specific features of these prose poems which either create recognizable forms or structures in the collection or, alternatively, destabilize them by engendering an artistically fascinating discontinuité. In the former category are included Rimbaud's consciously fashioned beginnings and finales, his numerous litanical patterns and his adoption of the “conte” model in several pieces. In the latter category the paper considers Rimbaud's use of odd or foreign terms, his unpredictable rhythmical variations and his highly unconventional deployment of punctuation. Finally, it is argued that this blend of pattern and disorder is a typically Rimbaldian reconciliation of opposites and a key trait of his prose poetry.Je veux la liberte dans le salut (“Mauvais sang”‐ Une saison en enfer])
Pro‐inflammatory cytokine production from normal human fibroblasts is induced by Tannerella forsythia detaching factor
Authors: Tomi N. , Fukuyo Y. , Arakawa S. , Nakajima T. 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objective:  Tannerella forsythia is a periodontal pathogen. Recently, we have reported that the cytopathic component of T. forsythia contains two distinct factors. One arrests the cell cycle at the G2 phase and the other, named forsythia detaching factor, detaches adhesion‐dependent immortalized human cells. In this study, we investigated the biological function of forsythia detaching factor using human normal fibroblasts.Material and Methods:  A recombinant forsythia detaching factor, reported previously, was used. TIG‐3 cells, cultured in the absence or presence of forsythia detaching factor, were lysed and the supernatant was analyzed by western blotting with polyclonal forsythia detaching factor antibodies. The cells were subsequently fractionated to isolate the cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and remaining fractions. In order to measure the activity of mitochondria using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐linked reductase, the water‐soluble tetrazolium method was used. The mitochondrial oxidative membrane potential was estimated by measuring the oxidization‐dependent fluorogenic conversion of dihydrotetramethylrosamine using flow cytometry. The concentration of interleukin‐8 in the culture supernatant was assayed using a Human IL‐8 ELISA kit.Results:  Forsythia detaching factor‐treated cells detached from the substratum and aggregated from 3 to 24 h. Then, the detached cells resumed adhesion and proliferated after 48 h. The western blot analysis revealed that most forsythia detaching factor trans‐located into the mitochondrial fraction. Forsythia detaching factor suppressed the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐linked reductase activity in a dose‐dependent manner and consequently increased the mitochondrial oxidative membrane potential. The production of interleukin‐8 was reinforced in forsythia detaching factor‐treated cells at 72 h through an increase of the mitochondrial oxidative membrane potential.Conclusion:  The forsythia detaching factor might be involved in the virulence of T. forsythia through induction of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐8.
Long‐term effects of local pretreatment with alendronate on healing of replanted rat teeth
Authors: Komatsu K. , Shimada A. , Shibata T. , Shimoda S. , Oida S. , Kawasaki K. , Nifuji A. 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objective:  Our previous study showed that topical alendronate, an inhibitor of bone resorption, reduces root resorption and ankylosis for 21 d after replantation of rat teeth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long‐term inhibitory effects of topical alendronate in the replanted teeth.Material and Methods:  The rat maxillary first molars were extracted, placed in saline containing 1 mm alendronate (alendronate group) or saline (saline group) for 5 min and then replanted. The maxillae were dissected at 60 and 120 d. Microcomputed tomography horizontal sections at three root levels were analyzed for root and bone resorption, ankylosis and pulp mineralization.Results:  In the alendronate group at 60 and 120 d, the frequencies of resorption of roots and bone were lower than those in the saline group. The p values show statistical significances of lower frequencies in the alendronate group than in the saline group by chi‐square test (see Table 1). Ankylosis and pulp mineralization occurred in the alendronate and saline groups. Bone marrow spaces were narrowed in conjunction with bone tissue expansion around the replanted teeth in the alendronate group.

Percentage of sites with ankylosis, root resorption, bone resorption and pulp mineralization for the alendronate and saline groups at 60 and 120 d after tooth replantation

Days
Group
Ankylosis
Root resorption
Bone resorption
Pulp mineralization

60
Alendronate
28
3.5***
16*
81

(80/288)
(10/288)
(47/288)
(58/72)

60
Saline
35
27
25
89

(51/144a)
(51/192)
(48/192)
(32/36a)

120
Alendronate
46###
3.3***
22**
70

(155/336)
(11/336)
(75/336)
(59/84)

120
Saline
42
32
34
77

(81/192)
(61/192)
(65/192)
(37/48)

Significant differences from the saline group, *, p < 0.02, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001 (chi‐square test).
Significant differences from the alendronate group at 60 d, ###, p < 0.001 (chi‐square test).
Data in parenthesis represent the number of sites with each symptom/total number of analyzed sites.

In one rat of the saline group at 60 d, ankylosis and pulp mineralization could not be evaluated because of severe root resorption.

Conclusion:  The inhibitory effects of topical alendronate were retained on root and bone resorption, but not on ankylosis and pulp mineralization, in the replanted teeth for 4 mo. Alendronate might also stimulate bone formation around the rat replanted teeth.
A dominant function of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling in receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand expression and osteoclastogenesis induction by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Rossa C. , Liu M. , Kirkwood K. L. 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objective:  Lipopolysaccharide from gram‐negative bacteria is one of the microbial‐associated molecular patterns that initiate the immune/inflammatory response, leading to the tissue destruction observed in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide‐induced receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) expression by murine periodontal ligament cells.Material and Methods:  Expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin mRNA was studied by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The biochemical inhibitor SB203580 was used to evaluate the contribution of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to lipopolysaccharide‐induced RANKL and osteoprotegerin expression. Stable cell lines expressing dominant‐negative forms of MAPK kinase (MKK)‐3 and MKK6 were generated to confirm the role of the p38 MAPK pathway. An osteoclastogenesis assay using a coculture model of the murine monocytic cell line RAW 264.7 was used to determine if osteoclast differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated periodontal ligament was correlated with RANKL expression.Results:  Inhibiting p38 MAPK prior to lipopolysaccharide stimulation resulted in a significant decrease of RANKL mRNA expression. Osteoprotegerin mRNA expression was not affected by lipopolysaccharide or p38 MAPK. Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated periodontal ligament cells increased osteoclast differentiation, an effect that was completely blocked by osteoprotegerin and significantly decreased by inhibition of MKK3 and MKK6, upstream activators of p38 MAPK. Conditioned medium from murine periodontal ligament cultures did not increase osteoclast differentiation, indicating that periodontal ligament cells produced membrane‐bound RANKL.Conclusion:  Lipopolysaccharide resulted in a significant increase of RANKL in periodontal ligament cells. The p38 MAPK pathway is required for lipopolysaccharide‐induced membrane‐bound RANKL expression in these cells.
Psychosomatic disturbances and cosmetic surgery
Authors: Harth Wolfgang , Hermes Barbara 
Published: August 2007

SummaryMedical activity in recent years has experienced a marked expansion of possi‐bilities for aesthetic surgery, usually requested by patients. Especially in derma‐tology, an increasing demand for and use of doctor/medical services by healthy individuals has resulted in a drastic change to cosmetic dermatology. The request for cosmetic surgery is emotionally or psychosocially motivated. Patients with psychological disturbances sometimes push aside possible risks and complications or deny side effects and interactions of the procedures. Subjective impairments of appearance, feelings of inferiority and social pho‐bias may be in the background of somatizing disorders. These emotional disor‐ders, such as body dysmorphic disorder, personality disorder or polysurgical addiction, often remain undiscovered but should be excluded in any patient receiving cosmetic procedures.
A 7‐step consultation plan for health care workers and hairdressers
Authors: Soost Stephanie , Graupner Ilka , Morch‐Röder Alexandra , Pohrt Ute , Worm Margitta 
Published: August 2007

Summary Background: Skin diseases are among the most common occupational disor‐ders in health care workers and hairdressers. Optimal prevention methods make it possible for more individuals to remain active in their profession. We devised a 7‐step consultation plan which was employed in a standard fashion and then evaluated. Patients and Methods: 264 employes were evaluated in the Education and Support Center of the German Accident Prevention and Insurance Association in the Health and Welfare Services (BGW schu.ber.z Berlin) from 2003 to 2005 in a standardized manner. Included were detailed history, physical examination, skin physiology measurements (transepidermal water loss, corneometry, sebumetry) and then making a diagnosis and therapeutic recommendations. Results: Within the study group of 264 employes the most frequent diagnosis were toxic‐irritant hand eczema (28.4%), allergic contact eczema (19.7%), atopic eczema (15.5%) and irritant contact eczema with atopic diathesis (13.6%). The frequency of contact sensitivity was high in the study group (80.7%). The skin physiological parameters were not remarkably altered and did not differ between individuals with an atopic diathesis versus without an atopic diathesis. Conclusion: This standardized protocol for a “7‐step consultation plan”when applied in a standardized manner offers quality‐controlled but also individually‐adapted support considering dermatological, educational and occupational aspects. Skin physiology parameters did not provide any further information indicating the need of the development of novel techniques to measure skin barrier function.
Assessment of publications using methods of evidence‐based medicine: an introduction using a dermatological clinical study
Authors: Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Luger Thomas A. , Rzany Berthold 
Published: August 2007

SummaryEvidence‐based medicine is the explicit use of the currently best available scientific data for decision‐making in the management of individual patients, with guidelines being among the instruments for its implementation. Publication of the German S3 guideline on the treatment of plaque‐type psoriasis is a mile‐stone for German dermatology, as it is the first dermatologic guideline at this highest level of evidence. Standardized analyses of the respective publications provide the basis for this guideline. This article explains the principles of such an analysis, so the reader can gain insight into the methodology of a crucial aspect of guideline generation. This information is of general relevance, as it provides help for every physician who wishes to critically read original scientific publications.
Feminist Approaches to Middle English Religious Writing: The Cases of Margery Kempe and Julian of Norwich
Authors: Warren Nancy Bradley 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFeminist study of Middle English religious writings is a relatively new field, but it is a rich and well‐developed one. Although the work of such pioneers as Eileen Edna Power set the stage in the early twentieth century, feminist scholarship of the corpus of medieval religious texts in English only emerged as a truly vibrant area of inquiry in the past twenty years. Indeed, the entry of such figures as Margery Kempe and Julian of Norwich into the canon, marked iconically by their entries into the Norton Anthology of British Literature in 1986 and 1993 respectively, suggests at once how recent a scholarly development such work is and how strong an influence such scholarship has had on the study of Middle English literature. Using the cases of Margery Kempe and Julian of Norwich as test cases, this essay explores the key debates that have driven and shaped feminist scholarship on Middle English religious texts over the past two decades, and it explores newly emergent trends. It examines the impact of psychoanalytic criticism on medieval feminist scholarship and interrogates the contributions made by scholars who embrace French feminist approaches. It addresses the paradigm shifts enacted by the ground‐breaking work of Caroline Walker Bynum as well as the questions concerning gender and essentialism raised by her work. The importance of New Historicism in the field is also a key concern in the essay, as are new takes on historicist research, especially the work of scholars who are rethinking questions of historical periodization.