bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotherapeutic perspectives in urethral syndrome
Authors: Baldoni Franco , Baldaro Bruno , Trombini Giancarlo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUrethral syndrome (urinary symptoms and pain without organic lesions) is a frequent female pathology but its aetiology is obscure and its treatment undetermined. A number of studies have highlighted emotional disturbances in these patients. To assess the efficacy of psychotherapy in the treatment of this syndrome, the authors studied 36 patients diagnosed with urethral syndrome. Of these, 13 were randomly selected for short‐term dynamic psychotherapy. The remaining 23 patients were treated with traditional urological therapies and used as the control group. After the medical diagnosis and during follow‐up at 6 months and 4 years, one psychological questionnaire (SQ) was administered together with a specially prepared clinical questionnaire. The urinary symptomatology and pain disappeared completely in over 70 per cent of the patients who had completed the psychotherapy. For the remaining patients, at the termination of the treatment the symptomatology had improved to the point that it was no longer a problem. These results proved stable in time and were associated with a general improvement in psychic status, particularly for the depression, anxiety and hostility levels. In the controls, on the other hand, no significant improvement was noted in the parameters examined.
The stress profile: A psychosocial approach to measuring stress
Authors: Setterlind Sven , Larsson Gerry 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Stress Profile is a psychosocial instrument for measuring stress in life in general and at work at the levels of the individual, the group and the organization. It has been tested and standardized on more than 4000 men and women. The present article outlines the design and the developmental stages of the Profile. It also describes its use at individual and company levels. The impact of the scientific development of behavioural medicine has greatly improved and extended the application of behavioural methods. The Stress Profile is based on this methodological and scientific development. It is a questionnaire consisting of 224 questions, 20 of which concern background variables and ten criteria. The remaining questions map a number of areas derived from current stress research. The data are computer processed and a graphic profile is produced. This presentation includes illustrations of results from Swedish companies, where the Stress Profile has been used.
Chinese version of the OSI: A study of reliability and factor structures
Authors: Lu Luo , Cooper Cary L. , Chen Yen Ching , Hsu Chia Ho , Li Chi Hua , Wu Hung Luan , Shih Jian Bin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article examines the reliability of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) in its Chinese version as well as factor structures for three of its scales–stressors, coping and job satisfaction. Estimates of reliability obtained by item‐total correlation coefficients and Cronbach's alphas are quite acceptable. Factor analyses using the principal components technique have also found psychologically meaningful structures.
Occupational stress in female and male graduate managers — A comparative study
Authors: Davidson Marilyn J. , Cooper Cary L. , Baldini Vãne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLevels of occupational stress were examined using an adapted version of the occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) in 126 female graduate managers and 220 male graduate managers occupying a range of managerial jobs throughout the UK. In comparison with the most recently established normative group of white‐collar workers, management graduates reported greater pressure with regard to career and achievement, higher Type A behaviour pattern scores, higher levels of job satisfaction and higher mental ill‐health scores. When comparing the male and female graduates on OSI variables, female graduate managers scored significantly higher pressure scores on all seven ‘sources of pressure’ subscales, including the added gender factor related to discrimination and prejudice. While females were more likely than males to adopt positive coping strategies, they had lower overall job satisfaction scores and were more at risk of mental and physical ill‐health (particularly those in junior and middle management positions). Multivariate analyses disclosed that predictors of physical ill‐health, mental health and job dissatisfaction were often quite dissimilar for male and females. The research implications of the findings are discussed with special emphasis on organizational and policy change strategies required in the 1990s.
Love and hate: Their many guises and stressful effects
Authors: Morse Donald R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA discussion of the terms ‘love’ and ‘hate’ is given. This is followed by tabular summaries of the contrasting word associations ofloveandhate. Then a review is given of the scientific studies and hypotheses relative to the different stressful, psychological, physiological, pathological and sociological outcomes from the practice oflove,hateand associated emotions.
Top management team group factors, consensus, and firm performance
Authors: Priem Richard L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe results of recent consensus‐performance research have been equivocal. Substantive and methodological issues are examined to suggest reasons for this equivocality. Top management team composition, structure, and decision processes are proposed as antecedents to the consensus‐performance relationship. An argument is developed for a curvilinear aggregate consensus‐performance relationship, moderated by environmental dynamism. A model and associated propositions are advanced to further descriptive and normative theory.
The contribution of formal planning to decisions
Authors: Sinha Deepak K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents results from a study of the contribution of formal strategic planning to 1087 decisions made by 129 of the Fortune 500 companies during the years 1982–86. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that the characteristics of decisions account for over 15 percent of the variance in data and should therefore be regarded as important determinants of the contribution planning makes to decision‐making. The planning systems studied contributed more to decisions that were considered important and risky, and also to those that were either global in nature or related to divestments.
Different roles for subsidiaries: The case of multinational corporations in spain
Authors: Jarillo J. Carlos , Martíanez Jon I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA framework is proposed to characterize the different roles that subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs) can play within the firm's overall strategy. The framework is then applied to a sample of 50 Spanish subsidiaries of MNCs. These are found to be pursuing strategies consistent with the framework. At the same time, a strategic evolution is detected towards a closer integration of the subsidiaries with their parent group. It is hypothesized that changes in the Spanish sociopolitical context, especially the country's entry into the European Economic Community, are fueling that process of strategic change.
Post‐acquisition financial performance and executive compensation
Authors: Schmidt Dennis R. , Fowler Karen L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study reports the results of an empirical analysis of post‐acquisition financial performance and changes in executive compensation. A model of the determinants of cash compensation is presented and tested. Firm size, form of acquisition, executive motivation, and financial performance are analyzed for two groups of acquiring firms. Results are compared to a group of non‐acquiring firms. The financial performance measures include accounting and capital market data for a 4‐year period both preceding and following acquisition activity. The results indicate that, on average, firms which engaged in a major acquisition performed poorly in the post‐acquisition period. Top executives of those firms, on average, experienced significant increases in cash compensation. After controlling for size effects, financial performance related strongly to changes in executive compensation for the non‐acquiring firms, but generally did not relate to changes in executive compensation for the acquiring firms.
The link between resources and type of diversification: Theory and evidence
Authors: Chatterjee Sayan , Wernerfelt Birger 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we theoretically and empirically investigate the idea that firms diversify in part to utilize productive resources which are surplus to current operations. Knowledge of these resources allows us to make predictions about the direction of a firm's expansion. In particular, we suggest that excess physical resources, most knowledge‐based resources, and external financial resources are associated with more related diversification, while internal financial resources are associated with more unrelated diversification.
The intentional use of chapter XI: Lingering versus immediate filing
Authors: Flynn David M. , Farid Mamdouh 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper focuses on the timing, i.e. delay or accelerate, of the declaration of Chapter XI prior to financial insolvency. Chapter XI can be declared by firms who believe that the firm can emerge from bankruptcy protection as a re‐vitalized organization. The timing of its selection is proposed to be a function of the level of environmental adversity and organizational attributes, especially slack resources. Recent developments in the bankruptcy code and its usage by firms, suggest the increasing use of managerial prerogative in the selection of Chapter XI prior to financial insolvency. Chapter XI protection can allow firms the necessary time for effective reorganization if managerial intervention is exercised. As a result of a more precise timing of selection and a proactive reorganization, there will be a higher probability of re‐emerging from bankruptcy as a revitalized organization.
Dual clocks: Entry order influences on incumbent and newcomer market share and survival when specialized assets retain their value
Authors: Mitchell Will 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEntry order analysis often shows that early entrants to an industry or technical subfield of an industry outperform laggards. Some studies, though, have found that late entrants prevail. This paper tests dual‐clock hypotheses of entry order effects on performance, measured both as market share and survival. One entry clock records the entry of all entrants to a new technical subfield within an industry, while a second clock records the entry of industry incumbents. Relative to the appropriate clock, early entrants are predicted to outperform laggards, but when entry is measured on only one clock, the estimated influences may be inaccurate. Error will be particularly likely if a study contains a survivor bias. The study, which finds entry timing trade‐offs between market share and survival, is generalizable to cases in which a plausible set of conditions is found.
How much does industry matter?
Authors: Rumelt Richard P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study partitions the total variance in rate of return among FTC Line of Business reporting units into industry factors (whatever their nature), time factors, factors associated with the corporate parent, and business‐specific factors. Whereas Schmalensee (1985) reported that industry factors were the strongest, corporate and market share effects being extremely weak, this study distinguishes between stable and fluctuating effects and reaches markedly different conclusions. The data reveal negligible corporate effects, small stable industry effects, and very large stable business‐unit effects. These results imply that the most important sources of economic rents are business‐specific; industry membership is a much less important source and corporate parentage is quite unimportant.
A longitudinal study of the cause and consequences of changes in diversification in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry 1977–1986
Authors: Hill Charles W. L. , Hansen Gary S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paper hypothesizes that diversification by firms based in the pharmaceutical industry during the 1977‐86 time period was primarily undertaken to reduce the risks associated with being dependent upon a technologically dynamic environment. Consistent with this non‐efficiency motive for diversification, declining economic performance is predicted. A longitudinal empirical analysis provides support for these propositions.
Self‐serving attributions, managerial cognition, and company performance
Authors: Clapham Stephen E. , Schwenk Charles R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPast research using managers' attributions for good and poor performance in annual reports has repeatedly demonstrated that management takes credit for good outcomes. However, there is disagreement about whether this pattern of attributions reflects attempts to manage impressions in stakeholders or biased perceptions on the part of management, and whether it is associated with increases or decreases in future performance. In this study, attributions in letters to shareholders in the annual reports of public utilities were analyzed. The results showed the same general pattern of attributions as was found in previous studies. However, the relationship between this pattern of attributions and performance (earnings per share growth) was generally negative. Implications of these results for future research are discussed.
Organizational fit and acquisition performance: Effects of post‐acquisition integration
Authors: Datta Deepak K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBased on 173 acquisitions in the U.S. manufacturing industry, this study examines the impact of organizational differences between acquiring and acquired firms on post‐acquisition performance. The findings indicate that differences in top management styles have a negative impact on performance in acquisitions characterized by both high and low levels of post‐acquisition integration. However, no such relationship was observed between differences in the reward and evaluation systems and post‐acquisition performance in either the high or low integration subgroups. Implications of the findings, along with directions for future research, have been discussed in the concluding section of this paper.
Profitability and market share: A reflection on the functional relationship
Authors: Schwalbach Joachim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paper analyzes the functional relationship between profitability and market share for type of businesses in the PIMS data base. Although a linear relationship has been imposed in other studies, our result shows that empirically it seems a poor representation of the data. In addition, three observations seem to be most evident. First, small‐share businesses were not per se less successful than larger business units. In the service market and the market for raw or semi‐finished materials small‐share businesses were just as profitable or even more profitable than larger business units. Second, some businesses were ‘stuck in the middle’, which was most evident in the service market but also in the retail and wholesale markets. Third, very large‐share businesses were often less profitable. A critical market share was identified as between 65 and 70 percent. Beyond that level the ROI decreased.
Strategic decision models: Integrating different perspectives
Authors: Hitt Michael A. , Tyler Beverly B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDifferent perspectives of strategic decision‐making and outcomes have been advanced in the literature. Among those are the rational normative, external control, and strategic choice models. The current research examined hypothesized effects of factors associated with these three perspectives on strategic acquisition decisions. Strong support was found for the rational/analytical normative choice perspective with objective criteria explaining the greatest amount of total explained variance in evaluation of target firms. However, industry and executive characteristics also produced main effects on target firm evaluations. Furthermore, the strategic decision models were found to vary by industry and executive characteristics of age, educational degree type, amount and type of work experience, and level (CEO and below). The results suggest that strategic decision models are quite complex with significant implications for future research and for strategic decision‐making.
Loop‐based strategic decision support systems
Authors: Merten Peter P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper gives an introduction to a recently developed strategic decision support methodology, which makes it possible to represent rule‐setting and rule‐fulfilling decision‐making processes in companies with their structural and behavioral differences. This new methodology also allows us to simulate evolutionary processes in company systems based on these two forms of decision‐making. The new strategic decision support methodology combines the continuous feedback loop concept of system dynamics with discontinuous logical loops, which we call spiral loops. The spiral loop concept, which is based on new developments in evolutionary theory and in the field of artificial intelligence, is used to represent the rule‐setting strategic decisions, which generate qualitative change and evolution. The continuous feedback loop concept is used to model the rule‐fulfilling policy decisions of companies, which can generate quantitative changes in interaction processes. In order to demonstrate how loop‐based strategic decision support systems work in principle we show the ‘portfolio simulation model,’ which helps us to explain and to design the evolution of multibusiness firms in duopoly markets.
Joint ventures vs. Non‐joint ventures: An empirical investigation
Authors: Kent David H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a longitudinal empirical study comparing joint ventures and non‐joint ventures in the petroleum industry as they compete for oil and gas leases. Results indicate that, while enjoying a significant advantage in market power, joint ventures do not perform any better than non‐joint ventures at identifying potentially productive leases. Because of the higher payments made for these leases, the overall performance of joint ventures is significantly lower than that of non‐joint ventures.
Toward a theory of competitive market signaling: A research agenda
Authors: Heil Oliver , Robertson Thomas S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCompetitive market signals are conceptualized as announcements or previews of potential actions intended to convey or to gain information from competitors. This paper develops a set of propositions based on research in economics, social psychology, and marketing on the risk/reward trade‐off in signaling, the receiver's signal interpretation, and the receiver's reaction alternatives. The overall objective is to develop a research agenda toward a theory of competitive market signaling.
Country—specific advantage and international cooperation
Authors: Shan Weijian , Hamilton William 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper tests the hypothesis that country‐specific advantage embedded in firms of a particular nationality is a motivation for international interfirm cooperation. A sample of domestic and international cooperative relationships formed by Japanese firms in the commercialization of biotechnology is used to identify factors which differentiate domestic from foreign partners. The findings support our hypothesis that country‐specific advantage is a significant variable in explaining differences between cooperative relationships with partners of different countries. The results of this study indicate that interfirm cooperation has implications for the international competitiveness of both firms and nations in high technology industries.
Identifying mobility barriers
Authors: Caves Richard E. , Ghemawat Pankaj 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper uses a new (PIMS) research data base to identify the mobility barriers–the factors associated with sustained intraindustry profit differentials–in a cross‐section of industries. The exercise suggests that differentiation‐related factors play more of a role in generating intraindustry profit differentials than do cost‐related ones. It also indicates that differentiation‐related advantages tend to be absorbed into fatter margins and (in some instances) larger maket shares, while cost‐related advantages are taken primarily in the form of increases in market share.
The diffusion of technological innovation in the commercial banking industry
Authors: Pennings Johannes M. , Harianto Farid 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the propensity of organizations to adopt technological innovations. Technological innovations evolve from the stock of skills which organizations have accumulated over time. Linkages with extramural sources of technology are presumed to be important as well. Hypotheses are tested on a sample of commercial banks. Findings show that prior experience in information technology, in tandem with a variety of interfirm linkages, will affect the banks' decision to adopt this innovation.
Organizational alignment as competitive advantage
Authors: Powell Thomas C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn explaining financial performance variance, strategic management researchers and industrial organization economists have emphasized industry factors, market share, generic strategy, and strategic group membership, whereas organizational contingency theorists have emphasized alignments involving environment and internal structure. This study integrates these perspectives, testing the financial performance consequences of organizational alignments, in context with the effects of industry, market share, and strategy. In an empirical study in two manufacturing industries, it is shown that some organizational alignments do produce supernormal profits, independent of the profits produced by traditional industry and strategy variables. The results are consistent with the resource view of the firm: to the extent that alignments result from skill rather than luck, it is reasonable to regard alignment skill as a strategic resource capable of generating economic rents. The article suggests that, by focusing on industry and competitive strategy variables, contemporary industrial organization and strategy research has understated the role of organizational factors in producing sustainable competitive advantage.
Buyer‐supplier relations in the UK ‐ automotive industry: Strategic implications of the Japanese manufacturing model
Authors: Turnbull Peter , Oliver Nick , Wilkinson Barry 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper documents the adoption of the Japanese model of manufacturing in the U.K. motor industry. Internal developments by the vehicle assemblers and their suppliers are examined. It is argued that the Japanese model involves very high intra‐ and interorganizational dependencies. Although this does not cause problems in Japan due to the structure of the Japanese motor industry, the structure of the UK vehicle industry presents severe obstacles to the successful use of Japanese methods. Pursuit of the pure Japanese model within the existing industry structure appears to be fraught with problems. Moreover, such an exercise risks sweeping away potential strengths of the existing structure.