bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Electronic Structures of Azine Compounds. II. The General Considerations on the Electronic Structures of Azine and Dihydroazine Compounds
Authors: Akimoto Yûmi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The absorption spectrum of quinoxaline was observed in anhydrous methanol solution.
2) The longest wave-length π-π transition was observed near 31000–33000 cm−1.
3) The MO calculations were made on ten odd aza, azine, and dihydroazine compounds.
4) Comparing the vertical delocalization energies, the most stable isomer was decided as follows.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
5) Concerning the stabilities of each dihydroazine isomers, the following tendency was observed. The stabilities of dihydroazine isomers increase according to the certain order of molecular symmetry: C2VX→C2h→Vh.
6) The reduction rates of the delocalization energies, azine to dihydroazine compounds, could be a criterion to predict the stabilities of dihydroazine compound as compared with the corresponding azine compounds. When the rate was less than 6%, only the dihydroazine form could exist steadily; more than 17%, the only stable form was the azine form; and between 6-17%, both forms could exist, while the stability of the azine form was surpassed by that of the dihydroazine form near the rate of 9%.
7) The positions of the longest wavelength absorption were predicted or compared with the observed ones. Agreements were satisfactory in the permissible ranges.
8) The molecular diagrams were drawn on several azine and dihydroazine molecules, which could possibly explain the higher stabilities of dihydroazines, the larger skeletons of molecules.
Studies on the Graphitization. I. Changes of Crystallinity, Diamagnetic Susceptibility and Electrical Conductivity in the Process of Graphitization
Authors: Akamatu Hideo , Inokuchi Hiroo , Takahashi Hiroshi , Matsunaga Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three sorts of carbon black, two sorts of pitch coke, violanthrone, and polyvinyl chloride have been subjected to heat treatment up to 3000°C. Changes in crystallinity during the graphitization have been studied by X-ray referring to inter-layer spacings and growth of crystallites. It was found that pitch cokes are graphitized with more facility than carbon blacks, and the other two substances are intermediate.
The magnetic susceptibility is determined solely by the size of plane molecules (La) irrespective of the sort of carbons, and tends to a limiting value −6.5×10−6 per gram which is coincident with the value of natural graphite, when La grows above 130 Å.
The electrical resistivity decreases as growth of crystallites, but there is a region when La becomes above 40 Å, where it tends to a nearly constant value for each carbon. Those values are different among the groups of carbons, and graphitized pitch cokes have less resistivity than graphitized carbon blacks. It was discussed that fine structures of multi-crystalline states are reflected on the resistivity.
Kinetic Studies on Hydrogenation of Fat. An Effect of Poison Formed in Catalysis on the Rate of Hydrogenation
Authors: Miyake Ryoichi , Shimamura Yoshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Estimation of the volume of hydrogen consumed by a static method with Cu-Cr-O under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen at 180°C by hydrogenation of whale oil was-studied kinetically.
It was observed that the reaction is zero order to the concentration of the molecule to be hydrogenized, and, in spite of it, the reaction velocity gradually decreases due to the reversible poisoning of catalyst. An assumption was made that a poisonous substance is formed in the process of catalysis, and that its amount is proportional to the degree of hydrogenation. The following formula is presented.
dx/dt=K_1(N_o-K_2x)
Behavior of Surface Active Molecules at Interface. I. Statistical Mechanical Studies on Head Contact and Chain Contact
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Iida Saiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The idea of head contact and chain contact proposed by Adam was formulated by statistical mechanics, introducing the energy required to dip one end group into water, w. It is concluded that the value of w is less than 1 kcal./mol. for most of molecules examined, and it is greater when the length of the group is longer. The cross sectional area of the end group, Ap, is concluded to be smaller than that estimated by Adam. As for a mixed monolayer, the value of w and Ap were almost equal to the average of components.
A Thermistor Method for the Determination of Velocity Coefficients of Vinyl Polymerization. I
Authors: Miyama Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
To measure the rate of vinyl polymerization, a thermistor method was devised and better results were obtained compared with the thermocouple method, in the points of sensitivity of temperature, adiabatic time period, instrument’s lag in response and saving the space of the reaction vessel. The kp/kt value of styrene at 30°C obtained by this method was 2.02×10−6 and reasonable in comparison with other values obtained by different methods.
A Thermistor Method for the Determination of Velocity Coefficients of Vinyl Polymerization. II
Authors: Miyama Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kp/kt value of styrene, vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate was obtained by using thermistor method reported in the first paper of this series. Moreover from the kp/kt values at various temperatures, the activation energy difference between propagation and termination processes was calculated-They were 3.71, 3.25 and 3.54 kcal./mol. for styrene, vinyl acetatjand methyl methacrylate respectively. The characteristics of this apparatus were almost the same as described in the first paper, although various monomers-were used.
A Thermistor Method for the Determination of Velocity Coefficients of Vinyl Polymerization. HI
Authors: Miyama Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The author used a thermistor method to study the later stages of polymerization of vinyl acetate, which was photosensitized with 1,1’-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile and obtained the variation of kp/kt, Ep and Et with conversion.
From these results it was observed that the value of kp/kt increases gradually until about 50% conversion is reached and beyond this point increases rapidly. At the same time, the extent of conversion effects Et in the region of 20–30% conversion, but the effect upon Ep is not so marked in these stages and becomes appreciable at high conversions.
A New Method for Radiochemical Prospecting of Uranium Ore. I. Estimation of the Amount of Uranium
Authors: Yokoyama Y\={u}ji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A radiochemical method for the prospecting and the estimation of the amount of uranium layer under the ground based upon the determination of radium in mineral waters is described. Results show, 700 to 7,000 ton of uranium may occur in Hot Spring Tamagawa and 200 to 2,000 ton of uranium in Hot Spring Arima. The natural radioactive elements in mineral waters will give valuable information on the geological structures, especially the nature of the underground radioactive strata.
Dielectric Studies on Colloidal Solutions. II. The Behavior of Small Counter Ions in the Aqueous Solutions of the Hydrochlorides of Homologous Long-chain Amines
Authors: Shirai Michio , Tamamushi Bun-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The high-frequency and low-frequency equivalent conductivities and transference numbers for aqueous solutions of octyl-, decyl-, tetradecyl-, and hexadecylamine hydrochlorides have been measured.
For the latter three solutions a considerable increase of the high-frequency concuctivity was observed, and for these three solutions-it has been shown that the transference numbers of cations abruptly rise at the critical concentration for the micelle formation, and then tend towards a constant value.
These experimental facts have been accounted for from the electrostatic point of view of the micelle structure. It has been inferred from the experimental results that the counter ion association may be essential to the formation of the micelle.
Preparation of Carrier-Free Yttrium-90 by Paper Chromatography
Authors: Kiba Toshiyasu , Ohashi Shigeru , Tada Satoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Carrier-free yttrium-90 can be separated rapidly and simply from strontium-90 by paper chromatography. The most suitable solvent is a mixture of ethyl alcohol and 10% solution of ammonium thiocyanate (5:3 or 5:2). The Rf value of carrier-free yttrium-90 is 0 and that of strontium is 0.7 to 0.8.
(2) Carrier-free yttrium-90 having a radiochemical purity more than 99.9% can be prepared within forty minutes.
(3) If yttrium-carrier is present, when it is developed with the above mentioned solvent, it is distributed upward from the original position on the paper. Its distribution pattern depends upon the amount of yttrium-carrier and the developing time and it may be caused by the adsorption of yttrium on the paper.
The Studies on Micelles of Surfactants. I. The Phase in the interior of Micelles of Surfactants
Authors: Sasaki Hiroji , Okuyama Haruhiko , Saito Sh\={u}ji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the spectral changes of the n, π, and B bands, it is concluded that the surfactant micelle, at least until 10% concentration, contains some water molecules.
Interaction between Surface Active Agents and Proteins. III. Precipitation Curve of the System Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Egg Albumin at Various pH’s and the Determination of the Concentration of Protein by the Titration Using Surfactant
Authors: Aoki Koichiro , Hori Joji , Sakurai Keiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The precipitation curve of the system egg albumin-SDS was studied in the pH region between 4.2 and 2.3, and at constant ionic strength 0.30. It was found that the number of SDS molecules bound to one molecule of egg albumin is constant and this is considered to be a verification of the fact that the number of positive charges on one egg albumin molecule is constant in this pH region.
(2) A rapid determination of the protein concentration by the titration using SDS is possible within an error of ±2%.
(3) Egg albumin and horse serum albumin react in different ways with SDS in distilled water and in sodium chloride solution.
Addition of Trichlorosilane to Styrene, 2 Vinylpyridine, Allylcyanide and Octene-1
Authors: Nozakura Shun’ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Addition reactions of trichlorosilane to styrene, 2-vinylpyridine, allylcyanide, and octene-1 were attempted in the presence of bases such as pyridine and in the presence of tetrapyridine nickel(II) chloride. The structures of the reaction products were established. In the presence of bases, trichlorosilane was added to 2-vinylpyridine and allylcyanide, yielding 2-β-trichlorosilylethylpyridine and β-trichlorosilylbutyronitrile, respectively. On the other hand, in the presence of tetrapyridine nickel chloride, the addition was effected for all the vinyl compounds examined. (2-vinylpyridine was not attempted.) In this case, however, the addition products proved to be composed of two position isomers, the occurrence of which was due to the difference in the orientation of addition, for each of the starting vinyl compounds.
Polarographic Studies of Metal Complexes. V. Ethylenediamine Complexes of Cadmium, Nickel and Zinc
Authors: Morinaga Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The reduction of cadmium-ethylenediamine complexes is reversible. In the concentration range of 0.1 to 2.0 m ethylenediamine [Cd en3]++ predominates in the solution, of which complex formation constant is equal to 1012.01.
2. The reduction of nickel-ethylenediamine complexes is irreversible. With the aid of the theoretical treatment developed by Matsuda and Ayabe, it was found that at the concentration of 1 m ethylenediamine [Ni en2]++ participated in the electron transfer process with the forward rate constant nearly equal to 1017.6cm./sec. and the transfer coefficient nearly equal to 0.5.
3. The reduction of zinc-ethylenediamine complexes is irreversible. It was found that in the concentration range of 0.1 to 2.0 m ethylenediamine [Zn en]++ participated in the electron transfer process with the forward rate constant nearly equal to 1031.2cm./sec. and the transfer coefficient equal to 0.86.
4. The decrease of the diffusion currents are due to the increase of the viscosities of the solutions. The apparent polarographic diffusion coefficients of these complex metal ions are ca. 8% smaller than those of the simple metal ions.
Mechanism of the Exchange Reaction of Oxygen Atoms between Gaseous Oxygen and Water Vapor Catalyzed by Calcium Oxide
Authors: Sakata Sadahiro , Morita Noriyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Employing a high-feed rate of reacting gaseous reactants where the rate of reaction did not depend upon the feed rate, measurements of the dependence of the exchange reaction rate of oxygen atoms between gaseous oxygen and water vapor catalyzed by calcium oxide on the mixing molar ratio of reacting gases were made, and the results analyzed by the method of Hougen. The most probable among twenty postulated mechanisms is mechanism II-A where oxygen is adsorbed with dissociation and the rate of dissociative adsorption of oxygen is ratecontrolling or II-B where oxygen is adsorbed with dissociation and the recombination of adsorbed oxygen atoms to desorption is ratecontrolling. According to these mechanisms, the activation energy of adsorption of oxygen with dissociation or recombination to desorption is about 33 kcal./mol., which is in good agreement with the activation energy 30.6 kcal./mol. for the over-all rate of exchange reaction.
Studies on the Synthesis of Metal Complexes. II. Synthesis and Absorption Spectra of Hydrogen Ethylenediaminetetraacetato-cobaltate (III) and Sodium-hydrogen Chloro-ethylenediaminetetraacetato-cobaltate(III)
Authors: Mori Motoshichi , Shibata Muraji , Kyuno Eishin , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two new compounds, H[Coedta]·4H2O and Na[Co(Cl) (edtaH)]·2H2O were synthesized, and their chemical formulae were confirmed by means of potentiometric titration and by examination of the infrared spectrum.
The absorption spectrum of Na[Coedta]·4H2O in solution was measured to investigate the pH effect. The absorption curves in acid solutions (pH&gt;2) were wholly identical with that in aqueous solution of the salt, but those of alkaline solutions (pH&lt;10) wrre not identical and further showed deviation from Beer’s law.
The absorption curves of Na[Co(NO2) (edtaH)]·H2O, Na[Co(Br) (edtaH)]·2H2O and Na[Co(Cl) (edtaH)]·2H2O were also measured. The first band for the chloro-complex and that for the bromo-complex occupied the similar position and shifted bathochromically as compared with the corresponding maximum for the common complex [Coedta]. These results may be explained on the basis of the so-called “spectrochemical series”. The absorption spectra of the complexes [Co(X) (edtaH)] were found to have two absorption maxima in the ultraviolet region. This phenomenon may be attributed to the “trans effect” of negative ions.
By oxidation of an alkaline solution containing cobaltous and edta ions with hydrogen peroxide, a blue complex was produced. Although an attempt to isolate it ended in failure, existence of cobalt (III) complex containing hexadentate EDTA was assumed on the basis of the absorption spectrum.
A Kinetic Study of the Reaction of Substituted Benzyl Chlorides with Tertiary Amines
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Tanaka Hiromi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The rate constants, the activation energies and the entropies of activation of the reaction of benzyl chlorides with tertiary amines in benzyl alcohol were determined.
(2) In the single stage process for the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution, the polar effects of the substituents are not clearly shown.
(3) Both steric and solvent effects play important roles on the reaction studied in this experiment.
Investigation on the Molecular Structures of Titanium Tetrachloride and Zirconium Tetrachloride by Gas Electron Diffraction
Authors: Kimura Masao , Kimura Katsumi , Aoki Michiro , Shibata Shuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The molecular structures of TiCl4 and ZrCl4 were determined by electron diffraction as follows : Ti–Cl = 2.185 ±0.01 Å in TiCl4 and Zr–Cl = 2.32 ±0.01 Å in ZrCl4, and both molecules have the tetrahedral form. At the same time a in exp (−aq2), the term relating to molecular vibrations, was determined. aClCl–aMCl is 0.0004–0.0006 for TiCl4 and 0.0007-0.0010 for ZrCl4.
2) The mean-square amplitudes of SiCl4, TiCl4, GeCl4, ZrCl4 and SnCl4 were calculated using the frequencies of the normal modes of vibrations. aClCl–aMCl thus obtained is 0.00045 for TiCl4 and 0.00094 for ZrCl4. These values are in satisfactory agreement with those obtained by electron diffraction.
3) Almost all physical properties of tetrahalides of the 4th group elements including molecular vibrations are classified into two groups, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb tetrachlorides and Ti, Zr, Hf and Th tetrachlorides. This will be due to the difference in bond character.
The Adsorption of Non-polar Gases on Alkali Halide Crystals. I. The Low-temperature Adsorption of Non-polar Gases on Cubic Sodium Chloride
Authors: Hayakawa Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The low-temperature adsorption of non-polar gases (argon, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide) on cubic sodium chloride was investigated. The present results on the isosteric heats of adsorption for these four gases indicate that the non-uniformity of the surface considerably predominate in the low coverage region and the mutual interaction between the adsorbed molecules is also distinguished in the region of the comparatively high coverage.
The entropies of the adsorbed materials (argon, oxygen and nitrogen) were experimentally determined and compared with the calculated values of the two-dimensional gas. These results show that the adsorbed molecules have the nature of the two-dimensional gas at least in the region of θ=0.3∼0.9.
The present results indicate that the phase change (a gaseous film→a condensed film) of argon or oxygen may occur at about θ=0.9, but this fact is somewhat uncertain.
The Stabilities of Metal Ammine Complexes. I. The Absorption Spectra of a Series of Hexammine Ni(II) and Tetrammine Pt(II) Complexes
Authors: Yoneda Hayami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absorption spectra were measured about a series of hexammine Ni(II) and tetrammine Pt(II) complexes having various amines as ligands. These amines were hydroxylamine, ammonia, ethanol-amine, methylamine, ethylamine and ethylenediamine. The results of the measurement indicate that the weaker the basic strength of an amine is, the more the absorption bands of the produced complex appear in the shorter wavelength. This fact was connected with crystal field theory, and the following rule was drawn: In the complex of a transition metal ion having an unsaturated d-shell, the weaker the basic strength of an amine is, the more stable the produced complex is.
Photochemical Reactions between Methylene Blue and Tri-, Di- and Monomethylamine. I
Authors: Obata Hiroshi , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photobleaching of the evacuated aqueous solution of methylene blue by dint of tri-, di- or monomethylamine was studied. The reaction products were identified to be leuco dye and amine oxide, the former by a spectroscopic method and the latter by a chemical one.
It was found that a long lived metastable intermediate is produced and this intermediate slowly returns to the original dye even in the dark. Furthermore it was found that this intermediate has its own absorption near infrared region. On the basis of the above observations, the following scheme was proposed for the reaction.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
in which the process IV can be neglected in the present experimental conditions.
From the above scheme, ths following rate formula was derived which can represent all the experimental results satisfactorily.
x=Ae^-(k+s)t+Be^-(k-s)t
where x is the concentration of methylene blue.
The Surface of Copper-Nickel Catalyst. I. The Reaction between Hydrogen Chloride and the Catalyst
Authors: Takeuchi Toyosaburo , Sakaguchi Masakazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The reactions of hydrogen chloride with copper, nickel and copper containing 1% nickel, and the observation by means of an electron microscope were carried out to determine the state of the nickel contained in the copper-nickel catalyst.
(2) The numbers of copper ion gained from the copper-nickel catalyst per g., after the reaction with hydrogen chloride, increase with the amount of consumption of hydrogen chloride used, whereas that of nickel ion is in the range of 1019–1020/ g., practically constant, independent of the amount of the consumption of hydrogen chloride.
(3) The electron micrograph shows that the copper-nickel catalyst has a conspicuously rough surface, and many particles of several hundred angstroms in diameter are scattered on the surface of the catalyst.
(4) The results of the hydrogen chloride reaction experiment suggest that about 3% of the total amount of nickel contained in the catalyst exists adhering to the surface of the catalyst, in the state of metallic nickel particles.
(5) The ratio of the total surface area of nickel particles on the surface of the catalyst to the total surface area of the copper-nickel catalyst is given as 17%, by the calculation using the assumption that the size of the nickel particle is the same as that of the pure nickel catalyst prepared in the same way.
The Studies on Micelles. II. The Relation between Surfactant Concentration and Micellar Concentration in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions
Authors: Sasaki Hiroji , Saito Sh\={u}ji , Okuyama Haruhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the spectral change of π band, caused by the association of azobenzene solubilized in aq. surfactant solutions, we have reached the conclusion that in a certain wide range of surfactant concentration, the micellar concentration is constant and only the number of surfactant molecules forming every micelle increases with increasing surfactant concentration. These values of the number of micellar molecules, obtained by spectral method, are in good agreement with those reported previously, in low concentration of surfactants.
Molecular Rotations of Glucides in Relation to their Structures. I. The Absolute Configuration of γ-Lactones
Authors: Yamana Shukichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The changes in optical rotatory power of γ-lactone due to orientation-changes of a unit group in the molecule were calculated by using the Kirkwood’s polarizability theory with regard to molecular model, derived from Haworth’s perspective formula. The Fischer convention was presumed to be the structurally correct representation of absolute configuration.
The Adsorption of Non-Polar Gases on Alkali Halide Crystals. III. The Low-Temperature Adsorption of Non-Polar Gases on Cubic Potassium Chloride
Authors: Hayakawa Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The low-temperature adsorption of non-polar gases (argon, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide) on cubic potassium chloride was investigated. The present results-on the isosteric heats of adsorption for these four gases indicate that the non-uniformity of the surface considerably predominates in the low coverage region and this is partly attributed to the lattice imperfection or the defects of the crystals.
The entropies of the adsorbed molecules were experimentally determined and compared with the calculated values of the perfect two-dimensional gas. These results show that the adsorbed molecules of argon, oxygen and nitrogen have the nature of the two-dimensional gas at least in the range of θ=0.3∼0.9 The present results also suggest that the phase change of adsorbed argon or oxygen from a gaseous film to a condensed film may occur at about θ=0.9. These results on the freedom of the adsorbed molecules are similar with those on cubic sodium chloride previously reported.