bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of routine histologic processing on the size of skin samples obtained from dogs
Authors: Reimer S. Brent , Séguin Bernard , DeCock Hilde E. , Walsh Peter J. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the effects that routine histologic
processing has on the dimensions of samples
of normal skin of dogs and assess whether the inclusion
of a muscle or fascial layer in such samples alters
those effects.

Sample Population—Skin samples obtained from 6
medium-sized adult dogs with grossly normal skin.

Procedure—From each dog, skin samples (with or
without underlying fascia or muscle) were obtained
from 3 sites bilaterally (6 samples/dog) and processed
routinely for histologic evaluation; their dimensions
were measured at intervals during the experiment.

Results—As a result of processing, skin samples
decreased in size (combined percentage change in
length and width) and increased in thickness, compared
with their original dimensions. Samples without
fascia or muscle decreased in size by 21.1% to 32.0%
and increased in thickness by 45.1% to 75.8%. The
site of sample origin influenced processing-associated
changes in sample size but did not affect the
change in thickness. Decreases in dimensions did not
vary with inclusion of fascia but did vary with inclusion
of muscle. The change in thickness did not vary
with inclusion of a layer of fascia or muscle.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Processing of
skin samples obtained from dogs for histologic evaluation
can cause changes in sample dimensions; samples
may decrease in length and width by as much as
32% and increase in thickness by 75.8%, compared
with their original dimensions. The presence of muscle
in canine skin samples can restrict the amount of
shrinkage in length or width associated with processing.
(Am J Vet Res 2005;66:500–505)
Relationships between hoof-acceleration patterns of galloping horses and dynamic properties of the track
Authors: Ratzlaff Marc H. , Wilson Patrick D. , Hutton David V. , Slinker Bryan K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To define relationships between hoofacceleration patterns of galloping horses and dynamic properties of the track.Animals—8 Thoroughbred horses without lameness.Procedure—Acceleration-time curves were recorded by use of accelerometers attached to each hoof as each horse galloped over the track straightaway. Four sessions were conducted for each horse, with the track surface modified by sequentially adding water before each session. These acceleration-time curves were analyzed to determine peak accelerations during the support phase of the stride. Track dynamic properties (hardness, rebound, deceleration rate, rebound rate, and penetration) were recorded with a track-testing device. Moisture content and dry density were measured from soil samples. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify relationships between hoof-acceleration variables and track dynamic properties.Results—Track rebound rate was most consistently related to hoof variables, especially through an inverse relationship with negative acceleration peaks for all hooves. Also, rebound rate was related to initial acceleration peak during propulsion of the hooves of the forelimb and the nonlead hind limb as well as to the second acceleration peak during propulsion of the lead hooves of the hind limb and nonlead forelimb.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The inverse relationship between track rebound rate and negative acceleration peaks for all hooves reflects the most important dynamic property of a track. Any factor that reduces negative acceleration of the hooves will increase stride efficiency by allowing smoother transition from retardation to propulsion and therefore may be important in determining the safety of racing surfaces. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:589–595)
Use of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for determination of canine C-reactive protein concentrations in whole blood
Authors: Parra María D. , Tuomola Mika , Cabezas-Herrera Juan , Cerón José J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop and validate a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) in canine whole blood.Animals—12 healthy dogs and 35 dogs with inflammatory processes.Procedure—CRP was isolated from acute-phase serum by affinity chromatography and used as a standard for calibration. Analytic and functional limit of detection and intra-assay and interassay precision were calculated. Accuracy was evaluated by recovery assays and by comparison with results of a commercial ELISA. Correlation between CRP concentrations in whole blood and corresponding plasma fractions was tested by use of TR-IFMA. Stability of blood samples at 4°C was assessed during a 1-month period, and effects of anticoagulants were evaluated. Measurements of CRP in blood samples from 12 healthy dogs were compared with those of 35 dogs with inflammatory diseases.Results—Analytic and functional limits of detection were 0.53 and 3.26 µg/mL, respectively. Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation varied between 2.1% to 8.9% and 8.0% to 12.3%, respectively. Mean recoveries of added CRP were 104% and 114%. Measurements of CRP by use of TR-IFMA and ELISA were highly correlated (R2= 0.97). Measurements of CRP in whole blood and in corresponding plasma fractions by use of TR-IFMA were also highly correlated (R2= 0.97). Neither storage nor use of anticoagulants disturbed measurement of CRP concentrations in whole blood. Concentrations of CRP in whole blood of dogs with inflammation were significantly higher than in healthy dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Determination of CRP concentrations in whole blood may provide a diagnostic test for inflammation in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:62–66)
Digital blood flow and plasma endothelin concentration in clinically endotoxemic horses
Authors: Menzies-Gow Nicola J. , Bailey Simon R. , Stevens Kim , Katz Lisa , Elliott Jonathan , Marr Celia M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To measure plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations and digital blood flow in clinically endotoxemic horses.Animals—To measure plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations and digital blood flow in clinically endotoxemic horses.Procedure—On days 2 and 5 following surgery, Doppler ultrasonographic digital arterial blood flow measurements were obtained. Hematologic and biochemical analyses were performed, and plasma concentrations of ET-1 and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) were determined. A scoring system based on 9 clinical variables was used to assign horses to group B (quartile with greatest cumulative score) or group A (remaining 3 quartiles). Follow-up at 2.5 years was obtained by telephone questionnaire.Results—For all horses on day 2, median (interquartile values) plasma ET-1 concentrations were 1.4 (0.8, 1.7) pg/mL, whereas on day 5, plasma ET-1 concentrations were 1.0 (0.5, 1.6) pg/mL. On day 2, digital blood flow was 0.057 (0.02, 0.07) mL/min in group A horses and 0.035 (0.02, 0.03) mL/min in group B horses. On day 5, plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly (73%) higher in group B horses, compared with group A horses. Thirty of 36 horses were alive at 2.5 years; group A horses were more likely to have survived (odds ratio, 25; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 262). Significant associations were found between an increase in digital pulses, hoof wall temperatures, or both and increased digital blood flow (0.14 vs 0.04 mL/min) on day 2 and increased digital arterial diameter (0.32 vs 0.23 cm) on day 5.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses with more severe endotoxemia had decreased digital blood flow, increased plasma ET-1 concentrations, and decreased long-term survival. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:630–636)
Evaluation of the use of anesthesia and analgesia in reptiles
Authors: Read Matt R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine anesthetic techniques and the drugs used to provide anesthesia and analgesia to reptiles.Design—Mail-out questionnaire.Sample Population—367 members of the Association of Reptile and Amphibian Veterinarians.Procedure—1,091 members listed in the 2002 directory of the Association of Reptile and Amphibian Veterinarians were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding anesthesia and analgesia.Results—367 of 1,091 (33.6%) individuals completed the questionnaire; 88.8% used inhalants (particularly isoflurane) for anesthesia, and ketamine, propofol, and butorphanol were the most commonly used injectable agents. Intubation, fluids, and having a dedicated anesthetist were most commonly used for patient support, and pulse oximetry and Doppler ultrasonography were most commonly used for monitoring. Respiratory depression, difficulty monitoring anesthetic depth, prolonged recovery, and hypothermia were the most frequent complications. Nearly all respondents believed that reptiles feel pain, but analgesics were used infrequently for many reasons.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Providing anesthesia in reptiles is difficult, especially regarding anesthetic depth and vital parameters, and methods of support are used less frequently than in domestic species. Provision of analgesia is uncommon. Research regarding pain and its assessment, response to analgesics, and drug pharmacokinetics is needed. Dissemination of this information to practitioners needs to be improved for enhancement of the standard of care for reptiles. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:547–552)
Effects of a whole-body spandex garment on rectal temperature and oxygen consumption in healthy dogs
Authors: Reimer S. Brent , Schulz Kurt S. , Mason David R. , Jones James H. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether a full-body spandex
garment would alter rectal temperatures of
healthy dogs at rest in cool and warm environments.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—10 healthy dogs.

Procedures—Each dog was evaluated at a low (20° to
25°C [68° to 77°F]) or high (30° to 35°C [86° to 95°F])
ambient temperature while wearing or not wearing a
commercially available whole-body spandex garment
designed for dogs. Oxygen consumption was measured
by placing dogs in a flow-through indirect
calorimeter for 90 to 120 minutes. Rectal temperature
was measured before dogs were placed in the
calorimeter and after they were removed.

Results—Rectal temperature increased significantly
more at the higher ambient temperature than at the
lower temperature and when dogs were not wearing
the garment than when they were wearing it. The
specific rate of oxygen consumption was significantly
higher at the lower ambient temperature than at the
higher temperature.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that wearing a snug spandex body garment does
not increase the possibility that dogs will overheat
while in moderate ambient temperatures. Instead,
wearing such a garment may enable dogs to better
maintain body temperature during moderate heat
loading. These results suggest that such garments
might be used for purposes such as wound or suture
protection without causing dogs to overheat. (J Am
Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:71–74)
Excision as treatment of dermal melanomatosis in horses: 11 cases (1994–2000)
Authors: Rowe Emma L. , Sullins Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether excision was an acceptable treatment for dermal melanomatosis in horses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—11 horses with dermal melanomatosis involving the perineal, perianal, or perirectal region or ventral surface of the tail in which treatment consisted of tumor excision.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed. Followup information was obtained from owners through telephone interviews.Results—9 of the 11 horses were alive at the time of follow-up interviews. None of the horses had regrowth at the surgery site where the primary tumor was removed. There were no confirmed clinical signs of internal metastasis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that excision of dermal melanomatosis in horses may be a reasonable treatment option. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:94–96)
Outcome of dogs with mast cell tumors in the inguinal or perineal region versus other cutaneous locations: 124 cases (1990–2001)
Authors: Sfiligoi Gabriella , Rassnick Kenneth M. , Scarlett Janet M. , Northrup Nicole C. , Gieger Tracy L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare clinical outcome of dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) in the inguinal or perineal region with outcome for dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—37 dogs with MCTs in the inguinal or perineal region and 87 dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations.Procedure—Information obtained from the medical records included sex, breed, age, histologic grade of all tumors, number and location of all tumors, tumor size (ie, diameter of the tumor), completeness of surgical excision, treatments administered in addition to surgery, and outcome. In all dogs, the primary treatment consisted of surgical excision.Results—Disease-free interval and survival time for dogs with MCTs in the inguinal or perineal region were not significantly different from values for dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. Dogs with incompletely excised tumors, dogs with grade III tumors, and dogs that received systemic treatment were 2, 2.5, and 4 times as likely, respectively, to have a relapse. Factors significantly associated with a shorter survival time were age > 8 years, metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis, and tumor relapse.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggest that dogs with MCTs in the inguinal or perineal region do not have a worse prognosis in regard to disease-free interval or survival time than do dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. Treatment recommendations for dogs with cutaneous MCTs should be based on confirmed predictors of biological behavior, such as histologic grade and clinical stage. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1368–1374)
Incidence of Coccidioides infection among dogs residing in a region in which the organism is endemic
Authors: Shubitz Lisa F. , Butkiewicz Christine D. , Dial Sharon M. , Lindan Christina P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the incidence of
Coccidioides infection among dogs residing in a
region in which the organism is endemic (Pima and
Maricopa counties, Arizona) and estimate the rate of
clinical illness.

Design—Community-based longitudinal and crosssectional
studies.

Animals—124 healthy 4- to 6-month-old seronegative
puppies (longitudinal study) and 381 4- to 18-monthold
dogs with unknown serostatus (cross-sectional
study).

Procedure—Dogs in the longitudinal study were tested
at 6-month intervals for at least 1 year for anticoccidioidal
antibodies. Dogs that became ill were evaluated
for coccidioidomycosis. Dogs in the cross-sectional
study were tested for anticoccidioidal antibodies
once, and clinical abnormalities were recorded.

Results—28 of the 104 (27%) dogs that completed
the longitudinal study developed anticoccidioidal antibodies.
Thirty-two of the 381 (8%) dogs in the crosssectional
study had anticoccidioidal antibodies. Five
seropositive dogs in the longitudinal study and 13
seropositive dogs in the cross-sectional study had
clinical signs of disease. The remaining seropositive
dogs were otherwise healthy and were classified as
subclinically infected. Survival analysis indicated that
the cumulative probability of infection by 2 years of
age was 28%, and the cumulative probability of clinical
infection by 2 years of age was 6%. Titers for clinically
and subclinically infected dogs overlapped.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested
that young dogs living in the study area had a
high likelihood of becoming infected with Coccidioides
spp, but few developed clinical illness. Serologic testing
alone was insufficient for a diagnosis of clinical disease
because of the overlap in titers between clinically
and subclinically infected dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2005;226:1846–1850)
Evaluation of Lactobacillus pentosus WE7 for prevention of diarrhea in neonatal foals
Authors: Weese J. Scott , Rousseau Joyce 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus
pentosus WE7, an equine-origin organism with potentially
beneficial in vitro properties, as a probiotic for
prevention of neonatal diarrhea in foals.

Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Animals—153 foals.

Procedure—Foals were enrolled at 24 to 48 hours of
age and randomly assigned to treatment or control
groups. The treatment group received approximately
2 × 1011 CFU of freeze-dried L pentosus WE7 orally
once daily for 7 days, whereas the control group
received a placebo. Clinical monitoring was performed
for 14 days.

Results—Probiotic administration was significantly
associated with development of signs of depression,
anorexia, and colic and the need for veterinary examination
and treatment. Probiotic-treated foals also had
more days of diarrhea, compared with the control
group, although not significantly. In a multivariate
model, probiotic administration was significantly
associated with development of diarrhea and diarrhea
plus additional clinical abnormalities.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration
of L pentosus WE7 did not prevent diarrhea; rather, it
was associated with development of diarrhea and,
most importantly, development of diarrhea plus additional
clinical abnormalities and the need for veterinary
intervention. The promising in vitro properties of
L pentosus WE7 were not evident in vivo. Results
raise concern about the variety of untested probiotic
products that are commercially available. Safety and
efficacy testing needs to be performed for all potential
equine probiotics. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:
2031–2034)
Effects of cyclosporine A on clinical and histologic abnormalities in dogs with sebaceous adenitis
Authors: Linek Monika , Boss Christina , Haemmerling Renate , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion , Mecklenburg Lars 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effects of cyclosporine A in the treatment of sebaceous adenitis in dogs.Design—Open-label clinical trial.Animals—12 dogs with sebaceous adenitis.Procedure—Dogs were treated with cyclosporine A at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/d (2.3 mg/lb/d), PO, for 12 months and reevaluated every 4 months. A clinical score was calculated by grading the extent of alopecia and severity of follicular casts as absent, mild, moderate, or severe in each of 17 body regions. Biopsy specimens were obtained and examined histologically and by means of immunohistochemical staining.Results—Mean clinical score was significantly decreased, compared with baseline score, after 4 months of treatment and remained low after 8 and 12 months. Histologically, the severity of inflammation was significantly decreased, as were numbers of macrophages, CD3+T cells, and major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing cells. The percentage of hair follicles with sebaceous glands increased, suggesting regeneration of sebaceous glands. Clinical signs recurred when cyclosporine administration was discontinued.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that administration of cyclosporine A at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/d may reduce the inflammation associated with sebaceous adenitis in dogs. Long-term treatment appears to be neccessary to control the disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:59–64)
Prevalence, outcome, and health consequences associated with persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in feedlot cattle
Authors: Loneragan Guy H. , Thomson Daniel U. , Montgomery Donald L. , Mason Gary L. , Larson Robert L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To estimate prevalence of cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) at arrival at a feedlot, prevalence of chronically ill and dead PI cattle, and the magnitude of excess disease attributable to a PI animal.Design—Cross-sectional and cohort studies.Animals—2,000 cattle at the time they arrived at a feedlot, 1,383 chronically ill cattle from 7 feedlots, and 1,585 dead cattle from a single feedlot.Procedure—Skin biopsy specimens were collected and evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Cattle were characterized as either PI or not PI with BVDV on the basis of characteristic immunostaining. Follow-up was obtained for the 2,000 cattle from which samples were collected at arrival, and health outcomes were determined for cattle exposed and not exposed to a PI animal.Results—Prevalence of PI cattle was 0.3% at arrival, 2.6% in chronically ill cattle, and 2.5% in dead cattle. Risk of initial treatment for respiratory tract disease was 43% greater in cattle exposed to a PI animal, compared with those not exposed to a PI animal. Overall, 15.9% of initial respiratory tract disease events were attributable to exposure to a PI animal.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Relatively few PI cattle arrive at feedlots. However, those cattle are more likely to require treatment for respiratory tract disease and either become chronically ill or die than cattle that are not PI. In addition, they are associated with an increase in the incidence of respiratory tract disease of in-contact cattle. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:595–601)
Relationship between antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical mastitis pathogens and treatment outcome in cows
Authors: Hoe Fernanda G. H. , Ruegg Pamela L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether there was any association
between results of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility
testing of pathogens isolated from cows with mild
or moderate clinical mastitis and outcome of treatment.

Design—Observational study.

Animals—133 cows with mild or moderate mastitis
in a single quarter.

Procedure—Cows were treated by means of intramammary
infusion of pirlimycin (50 mg) in the
affected quarter once daily for 2 days; additional
intramammary treatments with the same product
were administered if the milk continued to appear
abnormal. Duration of treatment and days until clinical
cure were recorded. Bacterial isolates were
tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by means of a
broth micro-dilution technique.

Results—Environmental streptococci, coliforms, and
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp were the most
commonly isolated pathogens. Duration of treatment
and days until clinical cure were not significantly different
for cows from which pathogens that were susceptible or
resistant to pirlimycin were isolated. Bacteriologic cure
rates 14 and 21 days after treatment were not significantly
different for cows with mastitis caused by susceptible
or resistant bacteria. Similar results were found
when data only from cows with mastitis caused by
gram-positive isolates were analyzed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the present
study, differences in clinical outcome for cows with
mild or moderate mastitis that could be attributed to
differences in results of in vitro susceptibility testing
were not identified. The use of in vitro susceptibility
testing to guide intramammary mastitis treatment
cannot be recommended on the basis of results of
this study. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:1461–1468)