bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROUTINE DETERMINATIONS OF 17-KETOSTEROIDS AND PORTER-SILBER CHROMOGENS COMPARED WITH THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF GROUPED AND INDIVIDUAL STEROIDS
Authors: Ernest Ingrid , Håkansson Britt , Lehmann Jörgen , Sjögren Björn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The accuracy of two routine methods for the determination of urinary steroids – 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) and Porter-Silber chromogens – has been investigated by chromatographic separation and quantitative determination of individual 17-KS and Porter-Silber reacting steroids in 141 urine samples. For this purpose urine was submitted to enzyme hydrolysis and subsequent solvolysis. The pertinent steroids were separated by column chromatography into three groups, 11-deoxy-17-KS, 11-oxy-17-KS and Porter-Silber reacting steroids. The final separation was accomplished by paper chromatography.
As a mean, the urinary excretion of true 17-KS corresponded to about 40–50 per cent of the routine figures. Due to non specific chromogens, individual routine figures were completely unreliable and probably had no more significance than showing a difference between a high and a low urinary content of 17-KS A true figure, however, was never higher than that indicated by the routine method.
The routine method for determination of Porter-Silber chromogens also overestimated the urinary content of steroids, the true excretion of Porter-Silber steroids being, on an average, about 25 % lower. Again, the significance of individual determinations was low.
The determination of 17-KS and Porter-Silber steroids by column chromatography was found to be rather simple and reliable as only minor amounts of unspecific chromogens were included in the results. Moreover with this method, the 17-KS were separated into 11-deoxy-17-KS and 11-oxy-17-KS.
OBSERVATIONS INDICATING A SEX CYCLE IN THE MALE RABBIT
Authors: Kihlström Jan Erik , Hornstein Otto 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Recently some physiological characteristics of a sex cycle in male animals have been demonstrated. However, nothing is known at present about any morphological expressions of this cycle, and particularly about any rhythmical variation in exfoliation of cells comparable with that of the vaginal mucous membrane. On the assumption that such a rhythm may occur in the male urethra, the exfoliation of cells in this organ has been studied by taking daily smears. Cyclically varying frequencies of four different types of exfoliated cells, mainly in an immature stage, were demonstrated. Only a fifth type of cells, characterized by cornification and nuclear degeneration, is not subjected to such rhythmical variation. The mean duration of these cycles is about four days. Simultaneous investigations on the seminal volume and body temperature showed some relation to the cycle of cell desquamation. The results give additional evidence for the existence of a male sex cycle, probably with a hormonal background.
THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN METALLIC CATIONS ON THE IODIDE UPTAKE IN THE THYROID GLAND OF MICE
Authors: Anbar M. , Inbar M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ferric, cupric, mercuric, zinc, cadmium and nickel ions at the dose level of 0.1 millimole per kg body weight were found to decrease the uptake of iodine in the thyroid gland. Manganous ions exhibited a similar effect when the dose was doubled. A parallel decrease in the BF4− uptake could be demonstrated; this suggests an interference at the stage of iodide accumulation. Cobaltous, cobaltic, magnesium, beryllium and zirconium ions were shown to have no effect on iodine uptake at the same dose level. The mechanism of the effect is discussed.
EFFECT OF GRADED DOSES OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL ON THYROIDAL HORMONE SYNTHESIS IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND IN THE THYROXINE-TREATED RAT
Authors: Shimoda Shin-ichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The inhibition of thyroidal hormone synthesis by propylthiouracil (PTU) was studied in intact, hypophysectomized and thyroxine-treated rats. Animals were fed a low iodine diet for 7 days before hypophysectomy or before thyroxine injection was started and continued on this diet for one more week up to autopsy. Graded doses of PTU were administered once daily for the last 2 days before autopsy. Radioiodine was given intraperitoneally immediately after the last dose of PTU and thyroids were removed 24 hours later.
In intact animals fed a low iodine diet for 2 weeks, the formation of T3 + T4 was the most easily, the formation of DIT next and the formation of MIT the least easily inhibited by PTU. In contrast, the formation of MIT and DIT in hypophysectomized and in thyroxine-treated animals given graded doses of PTU was apparently inhibited to an equal extent. No iodothyronines were formed in the hypophysectomized rats and very little was formed in the thyroxine-treated rats which did not receive PTU. Approximately 10 times as much PTU was required to depress MIT and DIT formation to an equivalent extent in the thyroxine-treated as in the hypophysectomized animals.
ACCRETION OF 131I AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE 131I BY THE RAT OVARY
Authors: Yatvin M. B. , Leathem J. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ovarian uptake of 131I was increased by five daily injections of human chorionic gonadotrophin to animals fed either casein or casein and thiouracil for 15 days. No enhanced ovarian accretion of triiodothyronine 131I (T3*) was obtained after 5 injections of gonadotrophin. When animals continued to receive injections for an additional 15 days there was a significant decrease in ovarian accumulation of 131I.
These findings are discussed in reference to their relationship to steroid synthesis and protein metabolism in the ovary of the rat.
CALCIUM SUPPRESSION AND RENAL PHOSPHORUS THRESHOLD TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Devlin James G. , Duff F. , O'Donovan D. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a standard infusion of 500 mg of calcium gluconate, and collecting urine in four hourly fractions for 36 hours in patients whose calcium and phosphorus intake had been previously stabilised for 3 days a satisfactory difference in the degree of inhibition of phosphate excretion between cuparathyroidism, and hypo- and hyperparathyroidism was achieved. The value of the renal phosphorus threshold estimation is diminished by the finding of threshold figures between 2.0 and 3.0 mg/100 ml in both hyperparathyroidism and normal subjects.
RECOVERY OF GONADAL FUNCTION IN MALE RATS TREATED NEONATALLY WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL BENZOATE
Authors: Kind Fred A. , Maqueo Manuel , Folch Pi A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Groups of five day old rats were injected with 120 or 240 μg of oestradiol benzoate. When examined at the age of fifty days, the animal presented atrophied testes and marked decreases in the weights of ventral prostate, seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle. Treatment with pregnant mare's serum or with testosterone propionate given from day 20 through day 50 fully restored the gonadal activity. The dose of PMS needed to restore spermatogenesis was 10 IU which was given every third day. Testosterone propionate, 1 mg, given daily was equally effective.
TIEREXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE ANTIKATABOLE WIRKUNG DES 1-METHYL-ANDROST-1-EN-17β-OL-3-ON (Primobolan Schering)
Authors: Borberg Helmut , Lücker Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Albino rats of a defined tribe were made corticoid-osteoporotic by experiment. A control group was treated with 1-methyl-androst-1-enolon at the same time. After killing the animals, the X-ray extinction of the first lumbal vertebra was measured. The contents of calcium of the same vertebra was determined chemically. With both methods we had findings of an osteoporosis in the animals treated with cortisone, and no findings in the animals treated simultaneously with the anabolic hormone.
THE EFFECT OF HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS ON THE OVARIES OF RADIOLOGICALLY CASTRATED WOMEN
Authors: Lindell Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five cases of irradiated cervical carcinoma have been investigated in order to see whether radiological castration completely suppresses ovarian function. After an interval of 7–8 months, and when the oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion had become stabilised at a low level, gonadotrophic hormones were given. Human pituitary follicle stimulating hormone together with human chorionic gonadotrophin were administered in adequate amounts. No effect whatever was seen on the excretion of the three oestrogen fractions investigated, or of pregnanediol. Excretion of 17-OHCS and 17-KS was also unaffected.
Histological examination of the ovaries after conclusion of hormone stimulation showed completely atrophic ovaries.
As seen in this investigation, the ovarian function after radiological castration is totally abolished and radiological castration produces the same effect as oophorectomy.
NORMALAUSSCHEIDUNG VON 17-KETOSTEROIDEN IM HARN BEIM MENSCHEN
Authors: Kaiser Eberhard , Rindt Walther , Conrad Karl-Heinz , Zimmermann Wilhelm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 519 female and 948 male healthy subjects of all age groups between 1 and 70 years the 24-hour excretion of 17-ketosteroids in urine has been determined on 2 or 3 consecutive days. On behalf of the relatively great number of 3360 assays the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors such as weight, height, weather, etc. upon the results as demonstrated by the statistically established excretion curve could be neglected. The present excretion curve is compared to similar ones of other authors.
EFFECTS OF UNILATERAL INFUSION OF ARGININE-VASOTOCIN INTO THE PORTAL CIRCULATION OF THE AVIAN KIDNEY
Authors: Skadhauge Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Synthetic arginine-vasotocin was infused into one renal portal circulation of the hen to investigate whether the antidiuretic hormone must reach the kidney cells from the blood or from the luminal side in order to produce its action.
It would appear that arginine-vasotocin need not be filtered in order to have an effect since a significantly higher degree of antidiuresis (decrease in diuresis associated with increase in urine osmolality, both around 20%) was found on the side on which the infusion was made. The fact that no consistent changes in the inulin- and p-aminohippurate clearances occurred, further supports the hypothesis that the difference observed is due to a specific tubular action of the hormone.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON 131I-COMPOUNDS IN FAECES AND BILE
Authors: Blomstedt B. , Neujahr H. Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The occurrence of 131I-compounds in human faeces was studied after intravenous administration of 131I-thyroxine. The excretion of the radioactivity during 12 days ranged from 7.8 to 32.1 per cent of the dose administered with a mean of 16.0 (± 1.76). The radioactivity in the faeces was derived from free 131I-thyroxine. The total amount of faeces did not seem to influence the total excretion of the dose administered. After administration of 131I-triiodothyronine to rats and humans, triiodothyronine occurred in the bile mainly conjugated with glucuronic acid, but a considerable part of the radioactivity was found in diiodotyrosine. The radioacivity of human faeces after the administration of 131I-triiodothyronine was derived from free triiodothyronine.
After injection of 131I-diiodotyrosine only labelled iodide was detected in the bile of rats. In the bile of humans most of the radioactivity was derived from iodide, and a small part of it was found in diiodotyrosine.
REACTIONS OF ANTISERA TO PORCINE RELAXIN WITH RELAXIN-CONTAINING TISSUES OF OTHER SPECIES IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: Steinetz Bernard G. , Beach Vivian L. , Tripp Lenore V. , DeFalco Ralph J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum of rabbits repeatedly injected with porcine relaxin in Freund's adjuvant contained demonstrable antibodies to the hormone. The antisera agglutinated relaxin-coated latex particles, inhibited interpubic ligament formation in relaxin treated mice, and produced visible bands when reacted with relaxin on Ouchterlony plates. The antisera also inhibited the pubic symphysis-relaxing activity of ovaries of pregnant rats or mice, corpora lutea of whales, and an extract of rooster testes. The inhibitory effects on pelvic relaxation in mice were prevented by prior incubation of the antisera with small amounts of relaxin, or with pregnant sow or rat ovaries, human or whale corpora lutea or rooster testis extract. Cross reactions were observed between antisera to porcine relaxin and tissues of whales, armadillos, roosters and humans on Ouchterlony plates. These reactions did not occur if the antisera were first neutralized with porcine relaxin. The findings suggest the presence of substances similar to porcine relaxin in a variety of species.
COMPARISON OF THE ANTI-FERTILITY AND SEX HORMONAL ACTIVITIES OF SEX HORMONES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: Desaulles P. A. , Krähenbühl C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The following effects exerted by sex steroids were measured: androgenic, oestrogenic, and progestational effects; the inhibition action on gonadotrophic function in castrated animals; and the inhibitory action on ovulation and blastocyst implantation in intact animals.
The steroids investigated consisted of oestradiol and its ethinyl and methoxyethinyl derivatives, oestrone, oestriol, testosterone, progesterone, and certain synthetic gestagens derived from nortestosterone, i. e. norethisterone, norethynodrel, and ethinyl-oestrenol.
Oestradiol and its derivatives show potent anti-gonadotrophic activity, a relatively less potent anti-ovulatory effect, and a marked inhibitory action on implantation. Progesterone, on the other hand, which has only a very weak inhibitory effect on gonadotrophic function, shows an anti-ovulatory activity which, though inferior in absolute terms to that of oestradiol, is still appreciable, whereas it exerts almost no effect at all on implantation. With regard to its activity ratios, testosterone occupies a position mid-way between the two female hormones. Norethisterone, norethynodrel, and ethinyl-oestrenol have a more potent effect on gonadotrophic function than progesterone. The activity ratios for the effects of these three compounds on ovulation and implantation are comparable to those of oestradiol or progesterone, depending on the relative intensity of their oestrogenic and progestational action.
The nature of the endocrine changes produced by these compounds are discussed with reference to the inhibition of ovulation and implantation.
THE ACTION OF SEX HORMONES ON GONADOTROPHIN-INDUCED OVULATION IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED PREPUBERAL RATS
Authors: Krähenbühl C. , Desaulles P. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ovulation was induced in prepuberal hypophysectomized female rats by the administration of subcutaneous doses of FSH (0.5 mg/kg twice daily for 3 days, followed by one dose of 0.5 mg/kg on the 4th day at 8 a. m.) and LH (1 mg/kg on the 4th day at 4 p. m.). Various steroids, i. e. oestradiol (3 mg/kg daily), oestrone (10 mg/kg daily), oestriol (10 mg/kg daily), progesterone (100 mg/kg daily), and testosterone (30 mg/kg daily) were administered subcutaneously either for 4 days or for 8 days. In rats treated for 4 days, the steroids were given simultaneously with the FSH and LH, whereas the rats treated for 8 days received the steroids 4 days prior to, and 4 days in combination with, FSH and LH.
In no instance was the induced ovulation inhibited.
These results are compared with other experimental data.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF URINARY UNCONJUGATED CORTISOL BY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Pal S. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Unconjugated corticosteroids are extracted from normal human urine and the urine of patients with rheumatic disorders treated with synthetic corticosteroids and corticotrophin. A simple and specific method using paper chromatography has been developed to detect the unconjugated cortisol in urine.
DER EINFLUSS HOHER KOCHSALZ-GABEN AUF DIE ALDOSTERON- UND ELEKTROLYTAUSSCHEIDUNG BEI GESUNDEN SCHWANGEREN
Authors: Stark G. , Lehmann-Achilles J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to determine what effect is produced on aldosterone excretion by the sodium retention observed in pre-eclampsia, a large dose of sodium was administered and the following were investigated: excretion of aldosterone, sodium, potassium, water, body weight, blood pressure and oedema formation. This investigation was performed on eleven women between the seventh and tenth months of pregnancy. The experimental period consisted of five (5) pre-test days, ten (10) days of actual testing and two (2) days after the test.
During the test-period the patient received 18 g NaCl as a 1.8% i. v. solution daily.
All the patients tolerated the infusions well. No definite changes in blood pressure, weight or oedema were noted. By intake and out-put measurements during the test period a sodium and water retention was found, while the potassium excretion remained unchanged.
In all cases the values of aldosterone excretion (very high in pregnancy) were reduced as a result of salt-loading to about ⅕ of the pre-test period. In the post-experimental period the values returned to those of the pretest period.
It is concluded that the lowered aldosterone excretion values in preeclampsia or eclampsia are caused by increased sodium retention, which also occurs in the sodium loading experiments.
THE INFLUENCE OF ADRENALECTOMY AND CORTICOID REPLACEMENT ON OVARIAN COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY IN RATS
Authors: Edgren Richard A. , Peterson DeAnn L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adrenalectomy abolished the ovarian compensatory hypertrophy that followed unilateral castration in rats. Maintenance of the animals with saline to drink or with injected cortisol or deoxycorticosterone restored the response. These data are interpreted as follows: the absence of cortical hormones disrupts cellular metabolism, probably at the level of the ovary, so that the ovary is not capable of a growth response to the increased gonadotrophin available after hemicastration. The data do not support the »pituitary shift« hypothesis of Selye (1950).
A CASE OF GONADAL DYSGENESIS IN A PATIENT WITH A 46/XY KARYOTYPE, PHALLIC ENLARGEMENT AND ABSENCE OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
Authors: Boczkowski Krzysztof , Philip John , Teter Jerzy 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Among the patients with gonadal dysgenesis, the cases with phallic enlargement, but without the somatic malformations seen in Turner's syndrome, are classified as a special group. This group includes chromatin-negative as well as chromatin-positive cases.
A patient is described with gonadal dysgenesis, XY karyotype, absence of seminiferous tubules in streak gonads, presence of female internal and external genitalia and phallic enlargement.
The problems of sex-determination and differentiation are discussed with regard to this patient.
FURTHER STUDIES ON PRENATAL FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN RAT PINEAL GLAND AND EPITHELIUM OF LOWER ILEUM
Authors: Owman Christer 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It has previously been demonstrated by the author that the developing pineal gland of the rat possesses functional activity during a definite period. Destruction of the active gland in utero regularly causes marked changes in the lower ileum, the epithelial cells being filled with large eosinophilic inclusions of carbohydrate-protein nature. These inclusions are a manifestation of the absorption of muco- or glycoproteins from the amniotic fluid, known to be ingested by the foetus.
In the present study, pinealectomy in utero was performed by electrocoagulation on forty-eight foetuses at certain specific stages. Twenty-six foetuses were sham-operated. For comparison, seventy-two unoperated controls were analyzed.
The stage at which the inclusions first appear after pinealectomy is determined and discussed. Furthermore, the foetuses have been analyzed near the expected term after pinealectomy at different stages. Destruction of the gland before pineal secretory activity causes very marked changes in the ileal epithelium; these are less distinct when the operation is performed during the secretory period. Pinealectomy after the secretory period does not cause any changes in the lower ileum in comparison with sham-operated control foetuses.
Thus, a remote action has been demonstrated for the foetal pineal gland. The function seems to be that of preventing significant intestinal absorption of intact proteins while the foetus is still within the uterus. After birth such absorption is known to occur normally from colostrum. The possible connection of the foetal adrenals to the prenatal pineal function is discussed.
RECHERCHES CONCERNANT LES FACTEURS EXTRAPARATHYROÏDIENS DANS LA TÉTANIE
Authors: Pitis Marcelle , Nicolesco-Catargi Al. , Petresco Stefania , Chivu Viorica , Galu Alexandra 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In their previous and in their recent investigations the authors demonstrated the action of epinephrine as an aggravating factor, triggering off tetany attacks.
This action of epinephrine may account for the intricate adrenergotetanic attacks encountered in the clinic, an intermediate link of which might be hypoglycaemia.
The epinephrine test as well as induced hypoglycaemia might serve as a diagnostic means not only as regards the combined syndrome but latent tetany as well.
ZUR FRAGE DER WIRKUNG VON OESTRIOL AUF DIE GONADOTROPE AKTIVITÄT DES HYPOPHYSEN-VORDERLAPPENS
Authors: Gitsch E. , Golob E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following a survey of the literature on the comparative activity of natural oestrogens, in different biological tests, some of the varying results obtained in our preliminary experiments are described.
In the main experiment with oestriol, oestradiol and oestradiolbenzoate ninety infantile female albino rats were used. Three groups of ten animals were used at three dose levels.
The activity levels obtained were compared by means of the simplified Probit Analysis according to Gaddum, and the variations in activity, including the tolerance factors, were formulated.
The activity for oestradiol as compared with oestriol was 2.51 (2.85 upper. 2.18 lower fiducial limit). The activity of oestradiolbenzoate, as compared with oestriol, was 13.2 (14.96 upper, 11.67 lower fiducial limit).
It was found that the relationship between oestradiol and oestriol indicates that oestriol has a central action.
THE EFFECT OF A SALT LOAD AND ALDOSTERONE ON THE ACID-BASE-EQUILIBRIUM AND ON THE ELECTROLYTES IN BLOOD AND URINE OF NORMAL SUBJECTS FOLLOWING CHEMICAL BLOCKADE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Martini O. , Voigt K. D. , Tamm J. , Dölle W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In four subjects receiving a standard diet the endogenous production of aldosterone and of cortisol was suppressed by the combined administration of dexamethasone and metopirone. The experiments were completed by acute intravenous infusion of NaCl and of NaCl plus aldosterone, respectively. The Na+ and K+ balance, acid-base-equilibrium and steroid excretion were followed up.
Cortisol and cortisone disappeared from the urine after dexamethasone, aldosterone only after additional treatment with metopirone. The ratio free/conjugated 17-OHCS in urine increased significantly. Na+ excretion went up under combined treatment with the two drugs. Intravenously administered aldosterone resulted in a definite but limited Na+ retention associated with a slight increase in K+ excretion. The effective H+ excretion was closely related to the dietary intake of Na+ and K+. The K+/H+ ratio in urine remained unaltered irrespectively of whether aldosterone was added to a NaCl infusion or not. The results obtained in blood were somewhat conflicting. No significant changes in Na+ and K+ were observed throughout the experiment. All four volunteers developed a metabolic alkalosis.