bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA‐Mediated Assembly of Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Authors: Zhi Chunyi , Bando Yoshio , Wang Wenlong , Tang Chengchun , Kuwahara H. , Golberg Dmitri 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe dispersion of nanomaterials in solutions is of primary importance for the improvement of their processability, but it also provides a way to investigate phase behavior and to assemble nanostructures in solvents. Several methods based on different interactions have been developed to disperse carbon nanotubes, whereas little development has been made for their boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) counterparts. A direct way to obtain long‐range ordering may be through spontaneous nematic ordering in solutions at sufficiently high concentrations of the nanomaterial fraction. Lyotropic nematics have been observed in various organic and inorganic systems. In this work, the strong interactions between DNA and BNNTs were exploited to fabricate high‐concentration BNNTs aqueous solutions by a simple method, and then, for the first time, nematic ordered ensembles of BNNTs were obtained by filtration. It is proposed that a localized liquid‐crystal phase appears during filtration, as the ordering trend for the BNNTs was found to depend on the concentration of the aqueous solutions of the BNNTs. Moreover, BNNTs were successfully localized on a predefined area by using a thiol‐modified DNA–BNNT hybrid.
Organization of the olfactory pathway and odor processing in the antennal lobe of the ant Camponotus floridanus
Authors: Zube Christina , Kleineidam Christoph Johannes , Kirschner Sebastian , Neef Jakob , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAnts rely heavily on olfaction for communication and orientation. Here we provide the first detailed structure–function analyses within an ant's central olfactory system asking whether in the carpenter ant, Camponotus floridanus, the olfactory pathway exhibits adaptations to processing many pheromonal and general odors. Using fluorescent tracing, confocal microscopy, and 3D‐analyses we demonstrate that the antennal lobe (AL) contains up to ≈460 olfactory glomeruli organized in seven distinct clusters innervated via seven antennal sensory tracts. The AL is divided into two hemispheres regarding innervation of glomeruli by either projection neurons (PNs) with axons leaving via the medial (m) or lateral (l) antennocerebral tract (ACT). M‐ and l‐ACT PNs differ in their target areas in the mushroom‐body calyx and lateral horn. Three additional ACTs project to the lateral protocerebrum only. We analyzed odor processing in AL glomeruli by retrograde loading of PNs with Fura‐2 dextran and fluorimetric calcium imaging. Odor responses were reproducible and comparable across individuals. Calcium responses to pheromonal and nonpheromonal odors were very sensitive (10−11 dilution) and patterns were partly overlapping, indicating that processing of both odor classes is not spatially segregated within the AL. Response patterns to the main trail‐pheromone component nerolic acid remained stable over a wide range of intensities (7–8 log units), while response durations increased indicating that odor quality is maintained by a stable pattern and intensity is mainly encoded in response durations. The structure–function analyses contribute new insights into important aspects of odor processing in a highly advanced insect olfactory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:425–441, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of major classes of cholinergic neurons in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Duerr Janet S. , Han He‐Ping , Fields Stephen D. , Rand James B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is specifically synthesized by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Subsequently, it is loaded into synaptic vesicles by a specific vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). We have generated antibodies that recognize ChAT or VAChT in a model organism, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, in order to examine the subcellular and cellular distributions of these cholinergic proteins. ChAT and VAChT are found in the same neurons, including more than one‐third of the 302 total neurons present in the adult hermaphrodite. VAChT is found in synaptic regions, whereas ChAT appears to exist in two forms in neurons, a synapse‐enriched form and a more evenly distributed possibly cytosolic form. We have used antibodies to identify the cholinergic neurons in the body of larval and adult hermaphrodites. All of the classes of putative excitatory motor neurons in the ventral nerve cord appear to be cholinergic: the DA and DB neurons in the first larval stage and the AS, DA, DB, VA, VB, and VC neurons in the adult. In addition, several interneurons with somas in the tail and processes in the tail or body are cholinergic; sensory neurons are generally not cholinergic. Description of the normal pattern of cholinergic proteins and neurons will improve our understanding of the role of cholinergic neurons in the behavior and development of this model organism. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:398–408, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microwave‐Assisted Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Coquerel Yoann , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe beneficial effect of microwave irradiation instead of classical thermal conditions in olefin metathesis reactions is illustrated through a series of literature examples of ring‐closing‐metathesis and cross‐metathesis reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Optimal shape design for the time‐dependent Navier–Stokes flow
Authors: Gao Zhiming , Ma Yichen , Zhuang Hongwei 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of shape optimization of two‐dimensional flows governed by the time‐dependent Navier–Stokes equations. We derive the structures of shape gradients for time‐dependent cost functionals by using the state derivative and its associated adjoint state. Finally, we apply a gradient‐type algorithm to our problem, and numerical examples show that our theory is useful for practical purposes and the proposed algorithm is feasible in low Reynolds number flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A social cognitive interpretation of person‐organization fitting: The maintenance and development of professional technical competency
Authors: Wingreen Stephen C. , Blanton J. Ellis 
Published: November 2007

AbstractInformation technology professionals must continually align their competencies with new technological innovation and changing organizational technological climates. Existing theory and practice is deficient with respect to dynamic models of person‐organization (P‐O) fit. Social cognitive theory proposes a rich and well‐defined theoretical framework for understanding dynamic, interactive behavioral processes, and so is adopted as a basis for developing a model of P‐O fitting focused on the development of professional technical competencies. P‐O fitting is so named because it refers to organizational fit as an ongoing process of adaptation. The article begins by reviewing existing literature on P‐O fit and social cognitive theory to produce a set of propositions and a theoretical model of P‐O fitting as an adaptive, dynamic phenomenon. Applications of the model for both future research and practice are suggested. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo
Authors: Boudry I. , Blanck O. , Cruz C. , Blanck M. , Vallet V. , Bazire A. , Capt A. , Josse D. , Lallement G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study determined and compared the percutaneous penetration and absorption of an organophosphorus (OP) pesticide, parathion (PA), using three experimental skin models: namely the human abdominal‐ and pig‐ear skin in vitro models and the Human Skin grafted onto a nude mouse (HuSki) in vivo model. The percentage of topically applied dose absorbed and the doses present in the stratum corneum and skin were systematically determined at 24 h under similar experimental conditions. The three experimental skin models were first compared. Then, the advantages of the HuSki model for in vivo PA skin absorption studies were evaluated compared with the pig in vivo model previously used by others. Lastly, the relevance of each skin model to predict the permeability of human skin to PA in vivo was assessed by comparing our results with previously published in vivo human volunteer values. It was demonstrated that (a) pig‐ear skin is relevant for predicting the in vitro human abdominal skin absorption taking into account a 2–3 times higher skin permeability to PA, (b) using ethanol as the vehicle, the absorption of PA was 4–5 times higher in the HuSki model than in the pig model but supports the usefulness of the HuSki model to easy mass balance studies, (c) both human in vitro and HuSki models closely predict the in vivo human volunteer absorption at 24 h when acetone is used as a vehicle but the HuSki model overcomes the known limitations of in vitro models for studying the fate of PA in the different skin layers after topical application. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle loaded collagen fiber composites: Microarchitecture and nanoindentation study
Authors: Stanishevsky Andrei , Chowdhury Shafiul , Chinoda Peserai , Thomas Vinoy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle—collagen composite materials with various HA/collagen weight ratios were prepared from HA/collagen dispersions using the solution deposition and electrospinning with static or rotating collectors. The composites with nanoparticle HA to collagen weight ratio of 80:20 can be easily prepared in the solution deposition approach, whereas in the electrospun fibrous composites it was possible to reach a maximum HA/collagen weight ratio of 30:70 while maintaining a good fibrous structure. The structure, surface morphology, and nanoindentation properties of these nanoparticle HA/collagen composites with different microarchitectures were investigated. The values from 0.2 GPa to 20 GPa for nanoindentation Young's modulus and from 25 MPa to 500 MPa for hardness, were obtained depending on the fabrication technique, composition, and microarchitecture of the composites. It was observed that the nanoindentation Young's modulus and hardness of the HA/collagen composite materials seem to achieve maximum values for 45–60% HA content by weight. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Early auditory deprivation alters expression of NMDA receptor subunit NR1 mRNA in the rat auditory cortex
Authors: Lu Jingping , Cui Yilei , Cai Rui , Mao Yuting , Zhang Jiping , Sun Xinde 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe expression of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit mRNA was studied in rat auditory cortex (AC) on different postnatal days using digoxigenin‐labeled oligonucleotide probes. The results showed that NR1expression increased from birth to postnatal day 35 (P35) and remained constant until P56. The most significant increases occurred between P7 and P14. Changes in NR1 mRNA expression in rats subjected to monaural hearing deprivation on P7, P21, P35, and P49 were examined on P56. Between P7 and P21, when the rat auditory system was still in a critical period of development, NR1 mRNA expression was lower in the contralateral AC, which received auditory signals from the plugged ear, than in the ipsilateral AC. However, no significant difference was observed between the rats deprived of hearing on P35 and those deprived of hearing on P42, the end of the critical period of auditory development. These results showed that monaural hearing deprivation during early postnatal development was associated with decreased NR1 mRNA expression in the contralateral AC and suggested the involvement of NR1 in auditory function during development. They also indicated that, during postnatal development, environmental factors changed the functional plasticity of neurons in the AC through NR1 receptor expression. Taken together, these findings provide a possible underlying mechanism for the development of postnatal auditory function. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient synthesis of telechelic poly (N‐isopropylacrylamides) and its application to the preparation of α,ω‐dicholesteryl and α,ω‐dipyrenyl polymers
Authors: Segui Florence , Qiu Xing‐Ping , Winnik Françoise M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)s (PNIPAMs) with cholesteryl or pyrenyl moieties at each chain end (CH‐PNIPAMs or Py‐PNIPAMs) were prepared via end‐group modification of α,ω‐dimercapto poly(N‐isopropylacrylamides), ranging in molecular weight from ∼ 7000 to 45,000 g mol−1 with a polydispersity index of 1.10 or lower. The telechelic thiol functionalized PNIPAMs were obtained by aminolysis of α,ω‐di(isobutylthiocarbonylthio)‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)s (iBu‐PNIPAMs) obtained by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide in the presence of the difunctional chain transfer agent, diethylene glycol di(2‐(1‐isobutyl)sulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl‐2‐methyl propionate) (DEGDIM). The self‐assembly of the polymers in water was assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy, using the intrinsic emission of Py‐PNIPAM or the emission of pyrene added as a probe in aqueous solutions of CH‐PNIPAM. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 314–326, 2008
Surface modification of iron oxide nanoparticles by a phosphate‐based macromonomer and further encapsulation into submicrometer polystyrene particles by miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Joumaa Nancy , Toussay Prisca , Lansalot Muriel , Elaissari Abdelhamid 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new strategy relying on the use of a phosphate‐based macromonomer (PAM200) to modify the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles was developed for the synthesis of submicrometer polystyrene (PS) magnetic particles. First, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation of ferrous and ferric salts in alkaline medium. Besides the classical oleic acid (OA)/octane‐based ferrofluid, styrene‐based ferrofluids were elaborated with either OA or PAM200 as the stabilizer. In all cases, maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) was clearly identified, with nanoparticles rather spherical in shape but exhibiting broad particle size distribution (PSD). Both OA and PAM200 led to stable maghemite‐based ferrofluids showing superparamagnetic properties. Further use of these ferrofluids in styrene miniemulsion polymerization resulted in inhomogeneous distribution of maghemite among and inside the polymer particles with OA‐based ferrofluids, whereas PAM200/styrene‐based ferrofluids led to magnetic particles with homogeneous distribution of maghemite inside PS particles. Broad PSD and small nonmagnetic particles were however observed. The true mechanisms operating in these systems are still to elucidate, but this study validates PAM200 as an efficient compatibilizing agent between hydrophilic maghemite and hydrophobic PS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 327–340, 2008
Pulmonary function in adolescents with ataxia telangiectasia
Authors: McGrath‐Morrow Sharon , Lefton‐Greif Maureen , Rosquist Karen , Crawford Thomas , Kelly Amber , Zeitlin Pamela , Carson Kathryn A. , Lederman Howard M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary complications are common in adolescents with ataxia telangiectasia (A‐T), however objective measurements of lung function may be difficult to obtain because of underlying bulbar weakness, tremors, and difficulty coordinating voluntary respiratory maneuvers. To increase the reliability of pulmonary testing, minor adjustments were made to stabilize the head and to minimize leaks in the system. Fifteen A‐T adolescents completed lung volume measurements by helium dilution. To assess for reproducibility of spirometry testing, 10 A‐T adolescents performed spirometry on three separate occasions.ResultsTotal lung capacity (TLC) was normal or just mildly decreased in 12/15 adolescents tested. TLC correlated positively with functional residual capacity (FRC), a measurement independent of patient effort (R2 = 0.71). The majority of individuals had residual volumes (RV) greater than 120% predicted (10/15) and slow vital capacities (VC) less than 70% predicted (9/15). By spirometry, force vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) values were reproducible in the 10 individuals who underwent testing on three separate occasions (R = 0.97 and 0.96 respectively). Seven of the 10 adolescents had FEV1/FVC ratios >90%.ConclusionLung volume measurements from A‐T adolescents revealed near normal TLC values with increased RV and decreased VC values. These findings indicate a decreased ability to expire to residual volume rather then a restrictive defect. Spirometry was also found to be reproducible in A‐T adolescents suggesting that spirometry testing may be useful for tracking changes in pulmonary function over time in this population. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:59–66. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Looking on the bright side: The role of identity status and gender on positive orientations during emerging adulthood
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Barry Carolyn McNamara , Carroll Jason S. , Madsen Stephanie D. , Nelson Larry J. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTEmerging adulthood has been characterized as an age of possibilities that involves heightened identity exploration and risk‐taking. Although some scholars have investigated the relation between identity status and risk behaviors in emerging adulthood, less attention has been paid to the relation between identity status and prosocial orientations. Thus, the current study examined how emerging adults’ engagement in positive behaviors (i.e., prosocial tendencies, internalization of values, religiosity) varied as a function of identity status and gender. Results indicated that emerging adults who were in identity diffusion reported fewer prosocial tendencies, lower scores on internalization of values and lower religiosity, but emerging adults who were experiencing moratorium reported prosocial tendencies and levels of religiosity as frequently as emerging adults who had reached identity achievement. Also, young women reported higher levels of emotional and altruistic prosocial tendencies, higher levels of internalization of values, and higher levels of religiosity than did young men. The discussion focuses on emerging adulthood as a period of possibilities and exploration for not only risk behaviors, but prosocial behaviors as well.
Treatment of aggression with topiramate in male borderline patients, part II: 18-month follow-up
Authors: Nickel Marius K. , Loew Thomas H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveWe previously tested topiramate, an anticonvulsant, in the treatment of aggression in men with borderline personality disorder (BPD) (Nickel M, Nickel C, Kaplan P, Lahmann C, Mühlbacher M, Tritt K, et al. Treatment of aggression with topiramate in male borderline patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:495–9), and found significant changes on most scales of the state–trait anger expression inventory (STAXI) and significant weight loss eight weeks later. The aim of this trial was to assess topiramate's efficacy in the long-term therapy for aggression in men with BPD.MethodsThis 18-month follow-up observation, in which the previous patients (topiramate group: n = 22; former placebo group: n = 22) were examined bianually, was carried out.ResultsAccording to the intent-to-treat principle, significant changes on all scales of the STAXI were observed in the subjects treated with topiramate. Additional significant weight loss was observed. All subjects tolerated topiramate relatively well.ConclusionsTopiramate appears to be an effective, relatively safe agent in the long-term treatment of patients with BPD. Mild, non-transient weight loss can be expected.
Linking routines to operations capabilities: A new perspective
Authors: Peng David Xiaosong , Schroeder Roger G. , Shah Rachna 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA typical approach to studying capabilities in the operations management literature is to assess the intended or realized competitive operational performance and their contribution to business and organizational objectives. While it is crucial to identify the operational performance that helps create competitive advantage, it is equally important to understand the means for delivering the needed performance at the operational level. Drawing on the resource‐based view (RBV), we argue that routines are a critical source of operations capabilities and subsequently investigate operations capabilities by means of their underlying routines. Because a common problem to studying capabilities is the ambiguous and confusing definitions, we conduct an extensive literature review to address the semantic confusion among various definitions of capabilities and delineate it from other related terms. We identify improvement and innovation as two critical plant level capabilities, each consisting of a bundle of interrelated yet distinct routines. We then empirically measure the two capabilities as second‐order latent variables and estimate their effects on a set of operational performance measures. The results suggest that routines form internally consistent bundles which are significantly related to operational performance. This supports our notion of “capabilities as routine bundles” that are difficult to imitate and thus a source of competitive advantage.
High energy single session radiofrequency tongue treatment in obstructive sleep apnea surgery
Authors: Nelson Lionel M. , Barrera Jose E. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and outcomes of a high‐energy single session treatment as an alternative to a cumulative energy multiple staged approach when using temperature‐controlled radiofrequency tissue ablation (TCRFTA) for tongue base obstruction in sleep apnea surgery.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRetrospective study of 176 consecutive Fujita II (tongue and palate level obstruction) patients undergoing single session palate, tonsil, and nasal surgery, and concurrent tongue base TCRFTA by the application of 10,500 J of energy.RESULTSMedian follow‐up was 156.5 days. There were no serious complications. There were five (2.8%) superficial tongue ulcers, and three (1.7%) persistent taste disturbances after treatment; 174 patients were on sustainable oral intake and adequate oral pain control within 24 hours of surgery; 98 had comparable post operative sleep studies. Apnea‐hypopnea indexes decreased from 35.3 ± 23.9 to 22.6 ± 21.5 (P < 0.0001). Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores improved from 11.2 ± 4.9 to 5.9 ± 4.6 (P < 0.000001).CONCLUSIONHigh energy single session tongue base TCRFTA is a safe procedure with low morbidity.
STUDIES ON CYTOPHILIC ANTIBODIES
Authors: Nelson DS 
Published: November 2007

SummarySerum obtained seven days after immunization of Swiss mice with sheep erythrocytes in Freund's adjuvant contains a factor, with fast α1‐globulin mobility, detectable by its ability to induce the attachment of sheep erythrocytes to normal mouse macophages. The receptor on macrophages is trypsin‐sensitive. The factor has a large degree of, though not complete, immunological specificity. It appears to be unrelated to conventional immunoglobulins. non‐agglutinating and non‐complement‐fixing. Subsidiary evidence consistent with the existence of an α‐globulin “antibody” and a consideration of its possible immunological significance are presented.