bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary injury mechanisms in acute spinal cord trauma
Authors: Coughlan A. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThere have been many recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of acute spinal cord trauma which have influenced the approach to case management. Although the clinician has no control over the initial trauma, medical and surgical treatment regimens may be able to influence neuronal survival by interrupting the ensuing pathophysiological events. Acute spinal patients should always be regarded as emergencies. Intravenous access lines can normally be established during the initial patient evaluation and medical therapy instituted. At present, a short‐term, intensive methylprednisolone sodium succinate protocol is advocated. This regimen is aimed at maintaining tissue concentrations of the drug at a level consistent with the inhibition of free radical induced lipid peroxidation. Decisions can be made following further diagnostic work‐up as to the necessity for decompressive surgery or spinal stabilisation.
Partial hepatectomy in two dogs
Authors: Fry P. D. , Rest J. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 10‐year‐old Jack Russell terrier bitch and a nine‐year‐old standard dachshund bitch were presented with abdominal enlargement and weight increase; neither had a history of ill health. In each case an extensive soft tissue mass was clearly palpable in the abdomen and following an exploratory laparotomy a partial hepatectomy was performed. Both bitches made a good postoperative recovery followed by a normal active life. In each case the survival time was six months before renewed tumour development lead to a sudden and rapid decline; case 1 was euthanased and case 2 died peacefully.
Radiographic diagnosis of an expansile bone lesion in a dog
Authors: Lamb C. R. , Berg J. , Schelling S. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn old dog had an expansile lesion affecting the ulnar diaphysis. The lesion had clinical and radiographic features typical of a bone cyst; however, computed X‐ray tomography indicated that the lesion had a tissue content incompatible with a true cyst. The histological diagnosis was osteosarcoma. This report emphasises the highly variable radiological appearance of canine osteosarcoma; biopsy is required to establish the diagnosis because the radiological signs may mimic a lesion of different aetiology.
Osteochondral lesion and cranial cruciate ligament rupture in an immature dog stifle
Authors: Macpherson G. C. , Allan G. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn osteochondral flap was present on the medial femoral condyle of a stifle of a six‐month‐old female rottweiler in which there was also a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament. The lesion was probably osteochondritis dissecans, but the possibilities of it being secondary to joint in‐stability or a subchondral fracture, as has been described in people with knee ligamentous injuries, are discussed.
Sudden death in related bloodhounds
Authors: Kelly D. F. , Newsholme S. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn unusual pattern of sudden, unexplained deaths occurred in a litter of 15 bloodhounds of which 12 had survived the neonatal period. Nine of these dogs died between the ages of six weeks and three years. Two others became unacceptably aggressive and were humanely killed at 18 and 22 months old. Of the nine dogs that died, five (four males, one female) did so unexpectedly and suddenly without previous illness or pre‐monitory signs. Post mortem examinations were carried out on only two of these five dogs, and in neither case was there evidence of organic dis‐ ease adequate to account for sudden death. Both dogs had incidental epicardial mesothelial fronds. The clinical history of these related dogs raises the suspicion of a possible familial or breed‐associated cardiac dysrhythmia, not recognised hitherto. Confirmation will require cardiological monitoring of related dogs and systematic post mortem examination of bloodhounds that die suddenly without premonitory signs.
Ocular manifestations of hyperlipoproteinaemia
Authors: Crispin S. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe ocular manifestations of hyperlipoproteinaemia include visible lipaemia of ocular blood vessels, corneal opacities, lipaemic aqueous and gross infiltration of the globe itself which is easiest to observe in the peripheral cornea and uveal tract. Both primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinaemia may produce ocular signs and the ocular appearance can be characteristic of the underlying lipoprotein disorder.
Familial po1ycystic kidnev disease in bull terriers
Authors: Burrows A. K. , Malikt R. , HuntS G. B. , Davey T. , Rothwells T. L. W. , Robinson W. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPolycystic kidney disease was observed in eight related bull terriers. Two dogs died suddenly, two were presented for haematuria, while the remainder were outwardly normal but detected during ultrasonographic screening programmes. A definitive diagnosis was made at either necropsy or using renal ultrasonography, although affected dogs also had abnormal urinalyses with haematuria, proteinuria, cast formation and sometimes bacterial infection. Valvular heart disease was detected clinically or at necropsy in all the affected dogs. The presence of polycystic kidney disease in several related dogs suggests that this condition is familial. The disease has clinical and pathological similarities with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease of humans.
Peliosis hepatis and telangiectasis in 18 cats
Authors: Brown P. J. , Henderson J. P. , Galloway P. , O'Dair H. , Wyatt J. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPeliosis hepatis is an uncommon disease characterised by irregular blood‐filled cystic spaces in the hepatic parenchyma; it is often accompanied by telangiectasis (dilatation of the sinusoids) although this may also occur separately. The cause is unknown but the condition occurs in a range of species including man, cattle and dogs and a single case has been reported previously in a cat. In this report of 18 cases in cats, there had been intra‐abdominal haemorrhage in 11 of them.
Breath hydrogen excretion after oral administration of xylose to cats
Authors: Muir P. , Gruffydd‐Jones T. J. , Cripps P. J. , Papasouliotis K. , Brown P. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMaximum breath hydrogen excretion after the oral administration of xylose to 11 healthy cats ranged from 0.13 ml/hour to 0.47 ml/hour, with a mean of 0.18 ml/hour. After oral administration of xylose, breath hydrogen excretion in five cats with chronic diarrhoea and, or, vomiting was significantly different (P<0.001) compared with healthy cats. Increased breath hydrogen excretion occurred before xylose was given and at all measurement times after its administration to the sick cats (P<0.05), indicating carbohydrate malassimilation. In four sick cats, large increases in breath hydrogen excretion occurred, with maximum values ranging from 1.21 to 1.56 ml/hour, but in one cat the maximum value was only 0.28 ml/hour. Plasma xylose concentrations in cats with chronic diarrhoea and, or, vomiting were not significantly different from healthy cats (P>0.05) and thus did not demonstrate carbohydrate malassimilation. A hiatus hernia was seen on radiographic views of the thorax and abdomen of one cat with chronic vomiting. Inflammatory bowel disease was found in three of the five sick cats after upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination and mucosal biopsy.Clostridiumspecies were isolated in increased numbers from the cats with chronic diarrhoea and, or, vomiting (P<0.005), after quantitative bacterial culture of small intestinal fluid specimens obtained endoscopically.Clostridiumspecies were isolated from all five cats with chronic diarrhoea and, or, vomiting but from only one of eight healthy cats. However, whether a specific bacterial pathogen caused the increased breath hydrogen excretion found in these cats could not be determined from this study.
Observations on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a family of English setter dogs
Authors: Boari A. , Williams D. A. , Famigli‐Bergamini P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to report serum trypsin‐like immunoreactivity (TLI) concentrations in the progeny of a pair of English setters. These dogs had a history of producing puppies with a high prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) secondary to either congenital deficiency or early onset juvenile atrophy of pancreatic acinar cells. Serum TLI concentrations in the clinically healthy parents of the puppies with EPI were normal, as were serum TLI concentrations in the unaffected puppies. However, serum TLI concentrations were extremely low (less than 1 μg/litre) in three puppies at eight to 12 weeks of age when clinical signs of EPI were present. In addition, one of the three puppies, with low TLI concentrations at eight weeks of age, had serum TLI concentrations of 0.7 μg/litre at two weeks of age even though no clinical signs were evident at that time. These results suggest that serum TLI assay may be a useful diagnostic aid in identifying puppies at a very early age with this unusual form of EPI.
Radioactive iodine therapy for feline hyperthyroidism: Efficacy and administration routes
Authors: Mooney C. T. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of radioactive iodine (131I) administration was studied in a series of 50 hyperthy‐roid cats. The dose administered to each cat was based on the clinical severity of the thyrotoxicosis, the serum total thyroxine (TJ concentration and the size of the goitre estimated by palpation. The activity ranged from 80 to 200 MBq (mean ± SD, 143 ± 24 MBq}. The131I was injected intravenously in 27 cases and subcutaneously in 23 cases. Each cat was hospitalised for 30 days after the injection. Regardless of the route of injection, none of the cats exhibited any side effects after therapy and all tolerated the hospitalisation period well. There was a significant (P<0.001) decrease in the serum total T4concentration (reference range, 10.4 to 42.0 nmol/litre) from a mean ± SD of 181.3 ± 111.4 nmol/litre (range, 43.8 to 575.6 nmol/litre) to a mean ± SD of 19.0 ± 29.6 nmol/litre (range, 2.0 to 175.7 nmol/litre) 30 days following the injection of the radioisotope. Five cats remained hyperthyroid, although in each case the serum total T4concentrations had decreased from pre‐treatment values. Two of the cats subsequently became euthyroid within three and five months of therapy, respectively, two were lost to adequate follow‐up and the remaining cat was successfully retreated four months later. Before treatment, four of these cases had high scores based on the three criteria used for dose estimation. Serum total T4concentrations below the reference range developed after treatment in many cases, but were often transient. Clinical evidence of hypothyroidism was not apparent in any cat. Recurrence of hyperthyroidism has not occurred in follow‐up periods of up to 32 months. There was no difference in the outcome between the cats injected intravenously or subcutaneously and the latter was considered to be safer and simpler. The administration of an approximated dose of131I proved to be an effective treatment for hyperthyroidism in 47 (94.0 per cent) of the cats and obviated the need for sophisticated nuclear computer facilities. There may be a lag period in some cases before euthy‐roidism is achieved and this should be considered before the administration of a second dose.131I can be administered subcutaneously without untoward effects.
Diagnosis and treatment of pyogranulomatous panniculitis due to Mycobacterium smegmatis in cats
Authors: Malik R. , Hunt G. B. , Goldsmid S. E. , Martin P. , Wigney D. I. , Love D. N. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFour cats with extensive pyogranulomatous panniculitis and dermatitis due toMycobacterium smegmatiswere evaluated over an eight‐month period. All were treated initially with doxycycline (50 mg per cat every eight to 12 hours) for several weeks, then subjected to radical surgical excision of infected tissues. Reconstructive surgery utilising advancement flaps was required to close wounds without undue tension. Postoperatively, the cats received parenteral gentamicin (2 mg/kg every eight hours) for three to five days, followed by orally administered ciprofloxacin (62.5 mg per cat every eight hours or 125 mg per cat every 12 hours) for three to six months. Infection was eradicated in all the cats, with no signs of recurrence 15 to 23 months after surgery.
Small intestinal disease – is endoscopic biopsy the answer?
Authors: Hall E. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEndoscopic biopsy of the canine and feline small intestine is becoming more widely available and is generally preferred to surgical biopsy. However, it has limitations which must be recognised if the appropriate interpretation of biopsy findings is to be made. Lack of histological changes in biopsy specimens is a frequent and often frustrating finding, until it is understood that it may reflect either the inevitable problem of examining only the proximal intestine or the fact that not all intestinal diseases are associated with morphological changes. Some newer advances in non‐biopsy methods for investigating small intestinal disease are described.
Maxillary central giant cell granuloma in a dog
Authors: Johnson K. A. , Cooley A. J. , Muir P. , Enkevort B. A. Van 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA young labrador dog had a rapidly enlarging osteolytic lesion of the left maxillary bone. The histological diagnosis was central giant cell granuloma. This is a benign, non‐neoplastic lesion that has some radiographic and histological similarities to malignant bone tumours of this region. The importance of biopsy in making the diagnosis is emphasised because surgical treatment of central giant cell granuloma by resection or curettage usually resolves these lesions.
Tarsal injuries in the cat: A retrospective study of 21 cases
Authors: Schmökel H. G. , Hartmeier G. E. , Kaser‐Hotz B. , Weber U. Th. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA retrospective study of 21 surgically treated feline tarsal injuries showed that the degree of soft tissue trauma was the main parameter influencing the long term outcome. Generally, tarsal fractures could be successfully reconstructed and managed by internal fixation. Simple rupture of a collateral ligament could be sutured or treated with a suture prosthesis, resulting in a good long term result. Intertarsal instabilities were successfully treated by the application of miniplates resulting in stable ankyloses. Talocrural luxations evaluated in this study had a poor long term outcome. Further research is needed to show if alternative postoperative management involving early mobilisation and physiotherapy might improve the outcome of talocrural luxations with severely damaged soft tissues.
Diagnosis and management of pancreatitis
Authors: Williams D. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTWhile there is no single diagnostic approach, other than direct examination of the pancreas, that is completely reliable for the diagnosis of pancreatitis, a presumptive diagnosis of acute pancreatitis can be made with a good degree of confidence by careful evaluation of the entire clinical picture ‐ history and clinical signs, results of physical examination, abdominal imaging and laboratory testing. The approach to treatment is to rest the pancreas, by withholding food, while providing general supportive care by fluid therapy including, in severe cases, plasma transfusion to replace plasma protease inhibitors and albumin. Additional specific interventions in an effort to halt the progression of spontaneous pancreatitis have not yet been shown to be effective, but control of obesity and avoidance of high fat diets may help prevent pancreatitis or lessen its severity when it occurs. Pancreatitis is an unpredictable disease of widely varying severity. While many patients with uncomplicated pancreatitis recover spontaneously following several days of supportive care, other patients die in spite of prolonged intensive care.
Evaluation of renal biopsies in cats and dogs — histopathology in comparison with clinical data
Authors: Minkus G. , Reusch C. , Hörauf A. , Breuer W. , Darbès J. , Kraft W. , Hermanns W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHistopathological findings of renal biopsies in cats and dogs with diffuse nephropathies generally lead to an exact diagnosis and facilitate prognostic judgements. Complications following renal biopsy are usually slight, provided the biopsy is performed properly. Routine renal laboratory data have been compared with histopathological findings. High urine protein values are often the result of glomerular lesions, whereas high creatinine values are frequently related to tubulointerstitial lesions. In general, there is no relationship between different types of nephropathy and age; nevertheless animals with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis were, on average, older than animals with glomerulopathies.
Effect of body position on oesophageal and gastric pressures in the anaesthetised dog
Authors: Waterman A. E. , Hashim M. A. , Pearson H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe effect of body position on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP), gastric pressure and barrier pressure (BrP) was investigated in 40 dogs anaesthetised for neutering procedures. The dogs were placed in lateral recumbency followed by dorsal recumbency (group 1) or vice versa (group 2). LOSP decreased significantly in the animals which were positioned initially in lateral recumbency, when they were then placed in dorsal recumbency, while those initially positioned in dorsal recumbency showed no significant change in their LOSP or BrP when their position was altered to lateral recumbency. When the data from both groups were pooled, LOSP and BrP were significantly lower when the dogs were in dorsal compared to lateral recumbency (P<0–05).
Antebrachial deformities in the dog: Treatment with external fixation
Authors: Fox S. M. , Bray J. C. , Guerin S. R. , Burbridge H. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe results of 12 dogs with antebrachial deformity treated by ulnar ostectomy, radial osteotomy and external skeletal fixation are presented. Postoperative complications were seen in only one dog; a delayed union requiring placement of autogenous cancellous bone graft at a second surgery to achieve healing. Postoperatively, owners reported limb function was good in almost all cases, although they were less pleased with the cosmetic appearance.
Use of a pedicled rectus abdominis muscle flap for repair of a failed vesicourethral anastomosis in a dog
Authors: Berger D. , Bright R. M. , McCrackin M. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 10‐year‐old mixed breed dog underwent a prostatectomy for an adenocarcinoma. Within three days the dog had signs of a uroperitoneum. Re‐exploration revealed that a portion of the vesicourethral anastomosis had failed. Primary suturing of the tissue along the site of dehiscence following debridement of the devitalised tissue was impossible. A rectus abdominis muscle flap was created and successfully used to repair the site of leakage.
Mast cell tumour destruction in dogs by hypotonic solution
Authors: Grier R. L. , Guardo G. Di , Myers R. , Merkley D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDistilled water was studied as an hypoosmotic oncolysis agent to prevent mast cell tumour (MCT) recurrence following surgical excision. The results from 118 MCTS excised in 74 dogs were: surgery alone, a recurrence rate of 52·6 per cent (10/19); and surgery followed by distilled water injections into the wound, a 26·2 per cent (26/99) recurrence rate. All of 10 small MCTS (0·03 to 0·25 cm3) injected with distilled water in situ with no surgery, regressed. The present data suggest that distilled water should be considered as an adjunct to surgery for canine MCTS.
Canine conjunctival papilloma: A review of five cases
Authors: Sansom J. , Barnett K. C. , Blunden A. S. , Smith K. C. , Turner S. , Waters L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFive cases of unilateral bulbar conjunctival papillomata are reported in five different breeds of dog. The dogs ranged from six to nine years of age, four were female and one was male. In all but one case the mass was an incidental finding. The morphology and histopathology are described. The authors have been unable to find any details or descriptions of this type of papilloma in the veterinary literature.
Pericardial effusion in a dog with rhabdomyosarcoma in the right ventricular wall
Authors: Gonin‐Jmaa D. , Paulsen D. B. , Taboada J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA seven‐year‐old male labrador retriever presented in right heart failure with weak femoral pulses, and pleural, abdominal and mild pericardial effusion. No diagnosis could be established initially. Two days later, the dog developed severe pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade. A tumour in the right ventricular wall was visualised on ultrasonographic examination. An exploratory thoracotomy was performed and biopsies of the mass submitted for histopathological examination. A diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the myocardium was established. Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma has been reported in only two dogs. Neither report was associated with pericardial effusion.
Hypovolaemic shock after anthelmintic treatment of canine angio‐strongylosis
Authors: Søland J. , Bolt G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCanine angiostrongylosis was diagnosed in a whippet with typical signs of respiratory and circulatory distress. Subclinical Angiostrongylus vasorum infections were also demonstrated in two other whippets belonging to the same owner. All three dogs were given standard anthelmintic levamisole treatment combined with corticosteroids. Two days after initiation of treatment, one of the subclinically infected dogs developed severe hypovolaemic shock that required intravenous fluid therapy and corticosteriods to save its life. The shock is believed to have been caused by an anaphylactic reaction triggered by the rapid release of a large amount of worm antigen in the blood due to the rapid death of adult worms by levamisole. Thus, dog owners should be instructed to monitor dogs undergoing levamisole treatment against A vasorum. Alternatives to levamisole treatment of canine angiostrongylosis should be considered.
Destructive polyarthritis in a dog with leishmaniasis
Authors: Wolschrijn C. F. , Meyer H. P. , Hazewinkel H. A. W. , Wolvekamp W. Th. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical history and diagnosis of a dog with leishmaniasis involving both elbow joints and the skin is described. The dog, a female, five‐year‐old crossbreed, had been imported from Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) four years before the diagnosis was made. For two years, the dog had had bilateral forelimb lameness. Physical examination revealed swollen, painful and crepitating elbow joints. Furthermore, an ulcerating dermatitis was found on the concave surface of the left pinna and necrotising margins on both ears. Radiographs of the elbow joints revealed complete destruction of the joint surfaces with dislocation of the radius and the ulna, compatible with severe osteolytic arthritis. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was confirmed by a direct agglutination test.
Osteochondromatosis of the cervical spine causing compressive myelopathy in a dog
Authors: Caporn T. M. , Read R. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 10‐month‐old Alaskan malamute presented with cervical pain and hindlimb proprioceptive deficits. Plain and myelographic radiographic studies of the cervical spine demonstrated extradural compression of the spinal cord at the level of C7 and C5. Computed tomography assisted presurgical characterisation of the lesions as osteochondromatosis. Laminectomy permitted successful removal of the lesions.