bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implantable cardiac arrhythmia devices—part I: Pacemakers
Authors: Kusumoto Fred M. , Goldschlager Nora 
Published: June 2007

AbstractImplantable cardiac devices have become firmly entrenched as important therapeutic tools for a variety of cardiac conditions. The first part of this two‐part review will discuss the contemporary use and follow‐up of pacemakers, while the second part will address the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators and implantable loop recorders. Pacemakers are the only available treatment for symptomatic bradycardia not due to reversible causes. Large randomized studies have demonstrated a small but statistically significant reduction in atrial fibrillation associated with pacing modes that maintain atrioventricular synchrony. In contrast, pacing mode appears to have a less dramatic effect in patients with atrioventricular block. Cardiac resynchronization with specialized left ventricular leads has been shown to reduce symptoms and improve survival in patients with symptomatic heart failure, systolic dysfunction, and widened QRS complexes. For all patients, careful follow‐up is necessary to ensure optimal therapeutic benefit of pacing systems.
Safety and efficacy with drug‐eluting stent in st‐segment elevation and non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Park Chang‐Bum , Lee Cheol Whan , Lee Bong‐Ki , Kim Young‐Hak , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Kim Jae‐Joong , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Drug‐eluting stents (DES) have been shown to reduce the need for repeat revascularization compared with bare metal stents (BMS). However, there is little information regarding the safety and long‐term efficacy of DES in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DES in patients with AMI.Methods: Data from 211 consecutive patients with AMI treated with DES were compared with those from 228 consecutive patients with AMI treated with BMS. All patients were treated within 7 days of symptom onset. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events ([MACE]: death, reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization) was evaluated at 30 days and 1 year.Results: Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar for both stent groups. However, patients who received DES had longer lesion lengths (23.0 ± 12.7 vs. 18.8 ± 10.6 mm, respectively; p<0.001) and smaller reference diameters (2.97 ± 0.52 vs. 3.19 ± 0.63 mm, respectively, p<0.001). At 30 days, the incidence rates of MACE (DES vs. BMS: 2.2 vs. 1.9%, p = 1.000) and stent thrombosis (BMS vs. DES: 0.9 vs. 1.7%; p = 0.434) did not differ significantly between the groups. At 1 year, patients with DES had a lower rate of MACE (BMS vs. DES: 14.0 vs. 6.6%; p = 0.011) primarily due to a lower target vessel revascularization rate (BMS vs. DES: 9.6 vs. 4.8%; p = 0.028).Conclusions: The DES appear to be superior to the BMS in reducing the risk of MACE in patients with AMI.
Adiponectin produced in coronary circulation regulates coronary flow reserve in nondiabetic patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries
Authors: Date Haruhiko , Imamura Takuroh , Ideguchi Takeshi , Kawagoe Junji , Sumi Takahiro , Masuyama Hiroyuki , Onitsuka Hisamitsu , Ishikawa Tetsunori , Nagoshi Toshiro , Eto Tanenao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Epicardial adipose tissue expresses adiponectin protein, and its expression is significantly lower in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) than in those without CAD. Transcoronary adiponectin levels are significantly decreased in nondiabetic but not in diabetic patients with CAD. Adiponectin is also an important adipocytokine that is linked to insulin resistance and reduces coronary microvascular function.Hypothesis: Adiponectin may play a significant role in the localized coronary circulation. The present study examines the local dynamics of adiponectin in the coronary circulation in nondiabetic individuals with normal coronary arteries and the relationship between adiponectin and coronary microvasculature function.Methods: We examined 22 consecutive nondiabetic patients whose coronary arteries were angiographically normal. Plasma levels of adiponectin were measured in blood samples that were simultaneously collected from the orifice of the left coronary artery (LCA) and the great cardiac vein (GCV). To evaluate the function of the coronary microcirculation, we measured coronary flow velocity at maximal hyperemia using a Doppler wire. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was obtained from the ratio of hyperemia to the baseline coronary flow velocity.Results: Plasma adiponectin levels in the GCV (median 6.95 μg/ml) were significantly higher than those in the LCA (median 6.60 μg/ml, p<0.0005). The difference in plasma adiponectin levels between GCV and LCA significantly correlated with CFR (R = 0.451, p<0.05).Conclusions: Adiponectin is locally produced in the coronary circulation. This protein may participate in modulating the coronary circulation of nondiabetic patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries.
Coronary arterial revascularization: Past, present, future: Part I—historical trials
Authors: Gupta Anuj , Burke James , Bove Alfred 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAdvances in coronary artery revascularization have been accompanied by clinical trials evaluating these advances. From the Coronary Artery Surgery Study and Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation to the more recent Arterial Revascularization Therapy Study (ARTS1) and the Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS2), these clinical trials provide us with a rationale for the way we conduct clinical practice. This paper reviews the data supporting historical revascularization strategies for our patients, including medical therapy, angioplasty, and bare metal stents. Several recurrent themes emerge. These include a need for increased revascularization in patients who undergo percutaneous treatments, the durability of surgical arterial revascularization, and the importance of medical therapy as the mainstay of treatment. Part II will address newer therapies.
Elevations of troponin in patients with epileptic seizures? What do they mean?
Authors: Parvulescu‐Codrea Simona , Britton Jeffrey W. , Bruce Charles J. , Cascino Gregory D. , Jaffe Allan S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCardiac troponin concentrations are important sensitive and specific markers for myocardial injury in clinical medicine. Troponin (TnT) elevations have been noted in some series in the setting of acute neurologic disease. We have previously reported that solitary seizures do not evoke elevations in TnT. The importance of this negative finding is exemplified by a patient who arrived at our clinic following a new onset seizure and in whom the cardiac TnT level was observed to rise. Triggered by this observation and by the knowledge that seizures alone would not do this, a subsequent targeted cardiologic workup documented what was believed to be an extension of a previously unrecognized myocardial infarction, with a seizure as its clinical presentation. Elevations of troponin should not be considered to be due to isolated seizures. This case illustrates the importance of having data concerning the response of troponin in various emergency and clinical situations.
Respiratory changes in the pulse‐oximetry waveform associated with pericardial tamponade
Authors: Stone Maj Kenneth E. , Bauch Terry D. , Rubal Bernard J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Timely identification of hemodynamic compromise in patients with acute pericardial effusion and tamponade is critical in patient management. Respiratory variability in pulse‐oximetry waveforms has been correlated with pulsus paradoxus, but has not been reported with cardiac tamponade in adult patients.Hypothesis: This study describes changes in respiratory variability in pulse‐oximetry waveform pre and post pericardiocentesis in patients with hemodynamically significant pericardial effusions.Methods: A single‐center, catheterization laboratory hemodynamic database was reviewed for all patients who underwent pericardiocentesis for clinically suspected tamponade and had continuous digital pulse‐oximetry, electrocardiographic, and respiration waveforms recorded during the procedure. Phasic respiratory changes in pulse‐oximetry waveform amplitude (maxima‐minima) were expressed as an expiratory/inspirato‐ry ratio and compared pre and post pericardiocentesis.Results: The study population consisted of 12 patients (6 men:6 women, age 60 ± 10 years) with pericardial effusion documented by echocardiography on the day of pericardiocentesis. Phasic respiratory variability in the pulse‐oximetry waveform was evident in all patients prior to aspiration (respiratory ratio = 1.9 ± 0.5). Following pericardiocentesis (aspirated volume: 650 ±300 ml), the respiratory ratio decreased in all patients (1.2 ± 0.1, p = 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis suggests that pulse‐oximetry respiratory ratios > 1.5 should raise suspicion of hemodynamic compromise in high‐risk populations.Conclusions: Pulse‐oximetry is a commonly used tool for monitoring critically ill patients. The present study suggests that increased respiratory variability in the pulse‐oximetry waveform should raise suspicion for hemodynamic compromise in patients at risk for pericardial effusion.
Prognostic significance of hemoglobin level in patients with congestive heart failure and normal ejection fraction
Authors: Varadarajan Padmini , Gandhi Siddharth , Sharma Sanjay , Umakanthan Branavan , Pai Ramdas G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Previous studies have shown low hemoglobin (Hb) to have an adverse effect on survival in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF); but its effect on survival in patients with CHF and normal EF is not known.Hypothesis: This study sought to determine whether low Hb has an effect on survival in patients with both CHF and normal EF.Methods: Detailed chart reviews were performed by medical residents on 2,246 patients (48% with normal EF) with a discharge diagnosis of CHF in a large tertiary care hospital from 1990 to 1999. The CHF diagnosis was validated using the Framingham criteria. Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression models.Results: By Kaplan‐Meier analysis, low Hb (< 12 gm/dl) compared with normal hemoglobin was associated with a lower 5‐year survival in patients with CHF and both normal (38 vs. 50%, p = 0.0008) and reduced (35 vs. 48%, p = 0.0009) EF. Using the Cox regression model, low Hb was an independent predictor of mortality after adjusting for age, gender, renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and EF in both groups of patients.Conclusion: Low Hb has an independent adverse effect on survival in patients with CHF and both normal and reduced EF.
Acute improvement of aortic mechanics following hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Soubassi Lygeri P. , Tousoulis Dimitris , Antoniades Charalambos , Lambrou Spyros , Aggeli Constantina , Chaniotis Dimitris , Soubassi Sofia , Pitsavos Christos , Stefanadis Christodoulos , Soubassis Pavlos , Toutouzas Pavlos 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Evidence suggests that distensibility of the aorta is decreased in patients with end‐stage renal failure, while the underlying mechanisms are unclear.Hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the distensibility of the aorta in patients at the end stage of chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis (HD).Methods: The diameter of the ascending aorta and distensibility were assessed in 48 patients on HD (31 men, 17 women, aged 45 ± 14 years) and in 27 normal subjects (17 men, 10 women, aged 44 ± 14 years). The diameter of the aorta was evaluated by M‐mode in the parasternal long‐axis view.Conclusions: Aortic distensibility in patients with end‐stage renal disease is significantly lower than in normal subjects, and it is significantly improved after HD.Results: Aortic distensibility was significantly lower in patients on HD before HD (1.9 ± 0.7 cm2·dyn−110−6) than in normal control subjects (3.8 ± 1.0 cm2·dyn−1 106, p< 0.0001). After dialysis, it increased to 2.6 ± 1.2 (p < 0.05 compared with baseline, p < 0.001 compared with controls). The change of aortic distensibility correlated with age (R2 = 0.629 p < 0.001) and ultrafiltration volume (R2 = 0.168, p < 0.01).
Proceedings of the Inter‐Society Color Council Technical Conference “Instrumental Colorant Formulation 1976” Williamsburg, Virginia. III Problems of Fluorescence in Colorant Formulation
Authors: Ganz Ernst 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe presence of fluorescence in samples to be matched and in dyes to be used for matching requires precautions in measurement and in computation. Measurement of conventional reflectance may cause serious errors of formulation. Standard procedures for calculating matches are usually based on the additivity of the K/S values. In contrast, contributions of fluorescence have to be added to the spectral radiance factors. Specifications for a rigorous procedure are presented. Merits and shortcomings of currently used methods are discussed. An approximation making use of negative Kubelka‐Munk coefficients is set forth. It is valid only for applications of a single fluorescent colorant which may be shaded slightly by minor additions of other colorants.
An Analysis of the HATRA Acceptability Data
Authors: Kuehni Rolf G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractData on the acceptability as matches of textile samples determined and published by the Hosiery and Allied Trades Research Association (HATRA) are analyzed by near‐optimal fitting of ellipsoids to the colorimetric data in CIE color space. The resulting ellipsoids are compared to those of similar data published earlier.
The Specification of Colour Appearance. II. Effects of Changes in Viewing Conditions
Authors: Hunt R. W. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects on colour appearance of changes in surround, illuminant colour, absolute luminance level, and field size are considered. Methods are discussed whereby existing formulae can be used or modified, and new formulae devised, to obtain measures that correlate with the colour attributes involved. Examples of the application of such formulae to practical problems in illuminating engineering and in television are considered briefly. (In Part I the basic concepts and terms necessary for the specification of colour were considered.)
Grids for Assessing Colour Appearance
Authors: Pointer M. R. , Ensell J. S. , Bullock L. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA technique of subjective magnitude estimation has been used to assess a set of pseudosurface colours, each having a luminance equal to half that of its adapting surround. Five observers scaled each of the colours three times in each of two adaptation conditions corresponding to daylight and tungsten light at 120 cd/m2. Loci of constant hue and saturation were derived in u', v' chromaticity space for daylight and tungsten light. These grids enable the appearance of a colour to be specified from a knowledge of its chromaticity coordinates and they enable such effects as colour constancy and colour fidelity to be investigated in terms of perceived colour appearance.
Effect of Subtense and Surround Luminance on the Perception of a Coloured Field
Authors: Troscianko T. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt is recognized that a coloured field in a dark surround is perceived as having a lower saturation than that same colour viewed in a light surround, but that this effect is diminished in magnitude if the colour forms part of a complex scene. The object of the present study is to show how the desaturating effect of a dark surround varies as (a) the surround is separated from the coloured field by a uniform grey field, and (b) the angular subtense of the chromatic field is reduced. It is shown that both these factors have a significant effect on the perceived saturation, but that the extent of the change depends on the luminance of the chromatic field. There is some indication that the extent of desaturation is dependent on which colour‐difference mechanism is predominantly excited when the coloured area is viewed. Practical applications of the results, particularly with reference to the viewing of photographs, are considered. The variability inherent in the experiment, in which there was no satisfactory control over the observer's state of adaptation, means that the results described in this paper should be regarded as those of a pilot study. Work is currently in progress to further quantify the effects described here.
Correlated Color‐Temperature Calculations in the CIE 1976 Chromaticity Diagram
Authors: Schanda J. , Danyi M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn 1976 the CIE recommended the adoption of two new color spaces: CIELUVand CIELAB. The first of these is only a minor modification of the CIE 1964 color space, and includes a new u'v' chromaticity diagram replacing the 1960 uv diagram. Correlated color temperature can be calculated using the new diagram, leading to somewhat different results than those calculated according to the CIE 1960 uv diagram. This paper shows the differences for the correlated color temperatures of different phases of daylight.
New Equipment for the Measurement of Color‐Matching Functions
Authors: Viénot Françoise 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes equipment designed to measure the color‐matching functions of a human observer, together with the results obtained. Its future potentialities are discussed, as well as its limitations, accúracy, and reliability. The results obtained are in close agreement with the CIE 1964 Standard Colorimetric Observer data and will enable a statistical study of individual color‐matching characteristics to be made.
Influence of Spatial Structure of Adaptation Fields on Parafoveal Colour Matches
Authors: Nunn Brian J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn effect is described in which colour matches established under spatially uniform conditions are disturbed by the introduction of spatial modulation in one half of the adaptation field, even though the mean illumination level and spectral composition of the spatially non‐uniform adaptation field was the same as that of the uniform adaptation field. The effect was studied for a range of monochromatic test and adaptation wavelengths, and its variation with adapting intensity and frequency of spatial modulation is examined. The origin of the effect is discussed.
Color stability of artists' vehicles
Authors: Levison Henry W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe change in color of artists' oil paints caused by the vehicle was determined by normal aging and by an accelerated method. Two cycles causing yellowing followed by exposure to normal room illumination were conducted. Color is reported by the ASTM D 1925 Yellowness Index. Tested were linseed and safflower oils and alkyd, damar, and copal resins. Safflower oil and medium‐oil‐length alkyds yellowed the least. If linseed oil is predominant, the rest of the vehicle has little effect.
Colorimetric measurement of retroreflecting materials. II. Daytime conditions
Authors: Asher L. B. , Harrington T. L. , Stephenson H. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn international intercomparison of the results of chromaticity and photometric measurements on retroreflecting materials was made to assess the accuracy of such measurements with current laboratory techniques. A representative group of 44 samples in six colours, including both enclosed and encapsulated constructions, was circulated to ten laboratories in Europe and the USA for measurement under closely defined conditions simulating nighttime use. A selection of 15 of the samples was also measured under simulated daytime conditions. This paper describes the daytime measurements and complements and earlier paper which gave the nighttime results. The measured chromaticities show a large overall spread covering an appreciable fraction of the chromaticity regions likely to be permitted in specifications. Spectrophotometric methods gave results in closer agreement than tristimulus measurements. Research into improved measuring techniques is needed to reduce the spread between laboratories to an acceptable level.
Long‐term repeatability of color‐measuring instrumentation: Storing numerical standards
Authors: Marcus Robert T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA major problem in the coatings industry is the preparation and maintenance of standards to be used in the shading of colored products. With the introduction of color‐measuring instrumentation interfaced directly to dedicated digital computers, the storing of reflectance data as numerical color standards becomes feasible. For this technique to be practical, the color instrumentation must be stable and repeatable over a long period of time. Long‐term (up to 719 days) repeatability data were obtained for seven Diano Chromascan Colorimeter‐Abridged Spectrophotometers, interfaced to Digital Equipment Corporation PDP/11 computers, by measuring a set of five color‐stable tiles supplied by the instrument manufacturers. Average repeatabilities of below 0.50, 0.25, 0.30, 0.30 and 0.60 FMC‐2 color‐difference units were found for the black, blue, green, yellow, and red tiles which make up the set. Since this is of the same order of magnitude as the uncertainties found for other systems of standards maintenance, the storing of reflectance data for use as numerical standards may be considered as a viable alternative to maintaining physical standards.
Calculating correlated color temperature with a desktop programmable calculator
Authors: Schanda J. , Mészáros M. , Czibula G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe chromaticities of Planckian radiators in an x, y diagram can be approximated with two polynomials coupling x to the inverse temperature and y to x. The correlated color temperature (cct) of a source can be calculated by using these (xP, yP) values and a simple algorithm to find that particular (xP, yP) point that lies nearest to the chromaticity coordinates of the light source, for which the cct is computed. The temperature used in computing the (xP, yP) point with minimum distance from (x1, y1) is the cct of the source. Another simple algorithm can be used to generate the lines with constant cct for any temperature of a Planckian radiator, in the region 2000–50,000 K. Calculations using these algorithms can be performed using small desktop calculators. The computations can be automated if the memory capacity is equal to 20 registers and the program can be written in the length of 200–400 program steps, depending on the program handling possibilities of the calculator.
Relationship between perfumes and colors
Authors: Déribéré Maurice 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLes sens sont des espèces d'instruments dont il faut apprendre à se servir (Voltaire—Traité de Mètaphysique).When a stimulus is perceived by the perceptive system coupled with another sense, one is in the presence of a case of synesthesis. But pseudocases of synesthesis may exist, where it is only psychologic or affective relations which provoke or facilitate such exchanges. These have been studied by the author according to relations between vision of colors and olfactive or gustative senses.
Colorimetric and photometric properties of a 2° fundamental observer
Authors: Vos J. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe availability of tables with standardized data on the properties of a normal visual visual observer has been a great help in scientific communication. For daily practice these data, going back to the 1920s, still suffice. For basic science they show shortocmings, however. The present paper gives new and extended tables which are intended to be complementary to, rather than to compete with, the old CIE tables.