bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D status of pregnant women with obesity in the UK and its association with pregnancy outcomes: a secondary analysis of the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT) study
Authors: O’Callaghan Karen M. , Nowak Katarzyna G. , Dalrymple Kathryn V. , Poston Lucilla , Rigutto-Farebrother Jessica , Quotah Ola F. , White Sara L. , Flynn Angela C. ,   UPBEAT Consortium
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrenatal vitamin D deficiency is widely reported and may affect perinatal outcomes. In this secondary analysis of the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial, we examined vitamin D status and its relationship with selected pregnancy outcomes in women with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) from multi-ethnic inner-city settings in the UK. Determinants of vitamin D status at a mean of 17 ± 1 weeks’ gestation were assessed using multivariable linear regression and reported as percent differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Associations between 25(OH)D and clinical outcomes were examined using logistic regression. Among 1089 participants, 67 % had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 26 % had concentrations < 25 nmol/l. In fully adjusted models accounting for socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, 25(OH)D was lower among women of Black (% difference = −33; 95 % CI: −39, −27), Asian (% difference = −43; 95 % CI: −51, −35) and other non-White (% difference = −26; 95 % CI: −35, −14) ethnicity compared with women of White ethnicity (n 1086; P < 0·001 for all). In unadjusted analysis, risk of gestational diabetes was greater in women with 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l compared with ≥ 50 nmol/l (OR = 1·58; 95 % CI: 1·09, 2·31), but the magnitude of effect estimates was attenuated in the multivariable model (OR = 1·33; 95 % CI: 0·88, 2·00). There were no associations between 25(OH)D and risk of preeclampsia, preterm birth or small for gestational age or large-for-gestational-age delivery. These findings demonstrate low 25(OH)D among pregnant women with obesity and highlight ethnic disparities in vitamin D status in the UK. However, evidence for a greater risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among women with vitamin D deficiency was limited.
Effectiveness of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and Subjective Global Assessment for diagnosing malnutrition and predicting wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Yuan Zhimin , Jiang Chunjie , Lao Guojuan , Zhang Yan , Wang Chunying , Zhu Yingying , Chen Chaogang , Ran Jianmin , Wang Chengzhi , Zhu Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMalnutrition significantly hampers wound healing processes. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). GLIM criteria were evaluated for sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa (κ) against SGA as the reference. Modified Poisson regression model and the DeLong test investigated the association between malnutrition and non-healing ulcers over 6 months. This retrospective cohort study included 398 patients with DFU, with a mean age of 66·3 ± 11·9 years. According to SGA and GLIM criteria, malnutrition rates were 50·8 % and 42·7 %, respectively. GLIM criteria showed a SE of 67·3 % (95 % CI 60·4 %, 73·7 %) and SP of 82·7 % (95 % CI 76·6 %, 87·7 %) in identifying malnutrition, with a positive predictive value of 80·0 % and a negative predictive value of 71·1 % (κ = 0·50) compared with SGA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that malnutrition, as assessed by SGA, was an independent risk factor for non-healing (relative risk (RR) 1·84, 95 % CI 1·45, 2·34), whereas GLIM criteria were associated with poorer ulcer healing in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 ml/min/1·73m2 (RR: 1·46, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·94). SGA demonstrated a superior area under the receiver’s operating characteristic curve for predicting non-healing compared with GLIM criteria (0·70 (0·65–0·75) v. 0·63 (0·58–0·65), P < 0·01). These findings suggest that both nutritional assessment tools effectively identify patients with DFU at increased risk, with SGA showing superior performance in predicting non-healing ulcers.
Widening the Arachis hypogaea seed chemical composition: the case of a recombinant inbred lines introgressed with genes from three different wild species
Authors: de Blas Francisco , Seijo José Guillermo , Costero Beatriz Del Pilar , Bressano Marina , Marchesino Mariana , Grosso Nelson Rubén 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important row crop rich in oil, protein, vitamins and other micro-nutrients. The intensive selection of the cultigen, a cultivated plant deliberately altered by humans through cultivation, has resulted in favourable changes in yield and biochemical composition. Nevertheless, it has generated a narrow genetic basis that limits the development of new varieties with resistance to pests, diseases and environmental stresses. In this study, we address this limitation by characterizing the proximate and fatty acid composition of a multi-disease-resistant interspecific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from three wild Arachis species and a cultivated elite peanut line that is being used to widen the genetic basis of the crop. The population was also genotyped with the Axiom Arachis 48K SNP array and used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for oil, protein content and oleic and linoleic fatty acid percentages. A wide range of proximate composition was found in the RIL population. Eighteen and 11 individuals had high oil and protein content, respectively, and no undesirable traits related to oil quality had been introduced into the population from wild species. The fatty acid composition of oleic and linoleic acids was found to be regulated by two major QTL. The discovery of markers within the major effect QTL for the most significant chemical traits provides new opportunities for the creation of resistant and extremely nutrient-dense peanut cultivars.
Absorption of Solar Radiation by Noctilucent Clouds in a Changing Climate
Authors: Lübken Franz‐Josef , Baumgarten Gerd , Grygalashvyly Mykhaylo , Vellalassery Ashique 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe expected increase in climate change related methane emissions will result in an increase in middle atmospheric water vapor abundance. This will in turn amplify the brightness of noctilucent clouds (NLC). To examine how NLC will impact the absorption of solar radiation, we utilized both an atmospheric background model and a microphysical model spanning the period from 1950 to 2100. At a latitude of 69 ± 3°N, UV absorption at λ = 126 nm is projected to rise from ∼3% to ∼7%. In specific regions, the absorption may spike to approximately 30% by the year 2100. In the visible spectrum, we observe an absorption increase from 0.0030% in 1950 to 0.020% by 2100. Local absorption reach up to 0.35% by the year 2100. These trends are similar at 79 ± 3°N, but are smaller at 58 ± 3°N. Future average absorptions are comparable to solar cycle fluctuations, but local increases are significantly more pronounced. The ice mass contained in NLC is projected to surge from 677 to 1871 tons between 1950 and 2100.
An Updated Fault Coupling Model Along Major Block‐Bounding Faults on the Eastern and Northeastern Tibetan Plateau From a Stress‐Constrained Inversion of GPS and InSAR Data
Authors: Zhao Dezheng , Qu Chunyan , Shan Xinjian , Gong Wenyu , Weng Huihui , Chen Han , Wu Donglin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLarge block‐bounding faults on the Tibetan plateau are significant geological structures that accommodate tectonic movements and accumulate stress, leading to large earthquakes. Quantifying the interseismic slip deficit rate helps to better assess the earthquake potential. We combine available InSAR (2015–2020) and interseismic GPS data to determine fault coupling along 14 major block‐bounding faults. Spatially dense InSAR measurements remarkably improve the resolution of the coupling model. Combined with a GPS‐constrained block model, we examine the performance of the inversion approach with the stress constraint and the common Laplacian smoothing based on both synthetic tests and real data. We suggest that, for continental strike‐slip faults, adding the stress constraint can mitigate unphysical coupling distributions due to unreasonable assumptions or modeling artifacts, reducing the model uncertainty and improving the accuracy of the coupling model. This is particularly useful for segments featured by a highly heterogeneous distribution of coupling along the transition zone from locking to creeping region, partially‐coupling segment, and junction zone between main and subsidiary faults. We present a large‐scale fault coupling map along the major block‐bounding faults on the northeastern and eastern Tibetan plateau, highlighting the distinct degrees of fault coupling and lateral variations. The collage of coupling maps along different faults demonstrates the kinematic features over a broad time scale during earthquake cycles ranging from early to late interseismic phases, such as the segments ruptured during the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake and the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake.
Examining Atmospheric River Life Cycles in East Antarctica
Authors: Wille Jonathan D. , Pohl Benjamin , Favier Vincent , Winters Andrew C. , Baiman Rebecca , Cavallo Steven M. , Leroy‐Dos Santos Christophe , Clem Kyle , Udy Danielle G. , Vance Tessa R. , Gorodetskaya Irina , Codron Francis , Berchet Antoine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring atmospheric river (AR) landfalls on the Antarctic ice sheet, the high waviness of the circumpolar polar jet stream allows for subtropical air masses to be advected toward the Antarctic coastline. These rare but high‐impact AR events are highly consequential for the Antarctic mass balance; yet little is known about the various atmospheric dynamical components determining their life cycle. By using an AR detection algorithm to retrieve AR landfalls at Dumont d'Urville and non‐AR analogs based on 700 hPa geopotential height, we examined what makes AR landfalls unique and studied the complete life cycle of ARs reaching Dumont d'Urville. ARs form in the mid‐latitudes/subtropics in areas of high surface evaporation, likely in response to tropical deep convection anomalies. These convection anomalies likely lead to Rossby wave trains that help amplify the upper‐tropospheric flow pattern. As the AR approaches Antarctica, condensation of isentropically lifted moisture causes latent heat release that—in conjunction with poleward warm air advection—induces geopotential height rises and anticyclonic upper‐level potential vorticity tendencies downstream. As evidenced by a blocking index, these tendencies lead to enhanced ridging/blocking that persist beyond the AR landfall time, sustaining warm air advection onto the ice sheet. Finally, we demonstrate a connection between tropopause polar vortices and mid‐latitude cyclogenesis in an AR case study. Overall, the non‐AR analogs reveal that the amplified jet pattern observed during AR landfalls is a result of enhanced poleward moisture transport and associated diabatic heating which is likely impossible to replicate without strong moisture transport.
Winter Insolation Modulates Boreal Tropical Monsoonal Temperatures in the Late Pleistocene
Authors: Dai Gaowen , Zhang Zhongshi , Otterå Odd Helge , Langebroek Petra M. , Yan Qing , Zhang Ran , Zhu Zongmin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring past glacial‐interglacial cycles, the boreal summer insolation is the most crucial external forcing for climate change. However, the question of whether summer insolation is a key forcing on temperatures in the boreal tropics remains under debate, hampering our understanding of climate change at low latitudes. To shed further light on this issue, we performed a series of equilibrium simulations with the NorESM‐L model over the past 425 ka. Our simulations show that in the boreal tropical monsoon region, the simulated annual temperature is anti‐phased towards the boreal summer insolation. This antiphase relation is also supported by some available geological data. Additional diagnostic analyses reveal that the tropical warmth throughout the year is more reliant on winter temperatures than on summer temperatures. This stands in contrast to the situation in middle to high latitudes, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Further correlation analysis and spectrum analysis suggest that the annual temperature in boreal tropics is highly linked to local winter insolation. Our results highlight complex hydrothermal configurations in the boreal tropics, suggesting a decoupling of temperature and precipitation. Specifically, variations in annual temperature and precipitation in the boreal tropics are driven by distinct patterns of seasonal insolation. We deduce that the unique hydrothermal configurations in North Africa may have influenced the dispersal of early humans out of Africa.
Net Primary Production of Ecoregions Across North America in Response to Drought and Wildfires From 2015 to 2022
Authors: Potter Christopher , Pass Stephanie , Ulrich Rachel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEcosystem models are valuable tools to make climate‐related assessments of change when ground‐based measurements of water and carbon fluxes are not adequate to realistically capture regional variability. The Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach (CASA) is one such model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover to estimate net primary production (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystems. CASA model predictions from 2015 to 2022 revealed several notable high and low periods in growing season NPP totals in certain biomes. Both Temperate Broadleaf and Boreal Forest production shifted from relatively high average NPP values in 2015 through 2019 to lower levels in 2020, typically representing a loss of 10%–14% of growing season NPP flux. This rapid decline in growing season NPP from 2019 to 2020–2021 was also estimated for the Temperate Grasslands and Savanna, Temperate Conifer Forest, and Tundra biomes. In contrast to the climate patterns in the temperate biomes that developed into severe widespread drought in 2020 and 2021 due to low precipitation totals and extreme hot temperatures, growing season NPP in the Tundra biome was depressed in these same years by colder temperature induced drought conditions at the high latitudes of North America. Drought severity classes were closely associated with different levels of decline in NPP in most biomes. Trends in NPP in areas of the largest wildfires in North America that burned between 2012 and 2021 were examined to assess recovery of vegetation and the resiliency of ecosystems during extreme drought periods.
Deepwater Renewal in a Large, Deep Lake (Lake Geneva): Identifying and Quantifying Winter Cooling Processes Using Heat Budget Decomposition
Authors: Peng N. , Lemmin U. , Mettra F. , Reiss R. S. , Barry D. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWintertime deepwater renewal, which is important for heat–oxygen–nutrient exchange in lakes, is traditionally considered to be mainly driven by 1D vertical convective cooling. However, differential cooling between shallow and deep waters can produce density currents that flow into deep layers. In order to determine the role that these two cooling processes play in deepwater renewal, field measurements and 3D numerical modeling were combined to investigate heat content dynamics in Lake Geneva's large basin, the Grand Lac (maximum depth 309 m), during an exceptionally cold air spell in early 2012 where complete overturning had been reported. In a novel approach, the heat budget of the lake was decomposed, which allowed the identification and quantification of the heat budget components. The heat budget decomposition revealed that vertical convective cooling only penetrated to 200 m and that lateral advection was not only caused by density currents being discharged from the shallow littoral zone of the Grand Lac, but also from the Lake's shallow Petit Lac basin (maximum depth 75 m); the latter was found to be the main driver of heat content decrease in the deep layers of the Grand Lac below ∼200‐m depth. These findings provide unique insight into heat exchange processes that cannot be obtained from field data or numerical simulations alone. Heat budget decomposition proved to be a powerful, universally applicable tool for quantifying the contribution of alternative deepwater renewal processes. This is important, since deepwater renewal by convective cooling is weakening due to persistent global warming.
Monkeypox virus genomic accordion strategies
Authors: Monzón Sara , Varona Sarai , Negredo Anabel , Vidal-Freire Santiago , Patiño-Galindo Juan Angel , Ferressini-Gerpe Natalia , Zaballos Angel , Orviz Eva , Ayerdi Oskar , Muñoz-Gómez Ana , Delgado-Iribarren Alberto , Estrada Vicente , García Cristina , Molero Francisca , Sánchez-Mora Patricia , Torres Montserrat , Vázquez Ana , Galán Juan-Carlos , Torres Ignacio , Causse del Río Manuel , Merino-Diaz Laura , López Marcos , Galar Alicia , Cardeñoso Laura , Gutiérrez Almudena , Loras Cristina , Escribano Isabel , Alvarez-Argüelles Marta E. , del Río Leticia , Simón María , Meléndez María Angeles , Camacho Juan , Herrero Laura , Jiménez Pilar , Navarro-Rico María Luisa , Jado Isabel , Giannetti Elaina , Kuhn Jens H. , Sanchez-Lockhart Mariano , Di Paola Nicholas , Kugelman Jeffrey R. , Guerra Susana , García-Sastre Adolfo , Cuesta Isabel , Sánchez-Seco Maripaz P. , Palacios Gustavo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe 2023 monkeypox (mpox) epidemic was caused by a subclade IIb descendant of a monkeypox virus (MPXV) lineage traced back to Nigeria in 1971. Person-to-person transmission appears higher than for clade I or subclade IIa MPXV, possibly caused by genomic changes in subclade IIb MPXV. Key genomic changes could occur in the genome’s low-complexity regions (LCRs), which are challenging to sequence and are often dismissed as uninformative. Here, using a combination of highly sensitive techniques, we determine a high-quality MPXV genome sequence of a representative of the current epidemic with LCRs resolved at unprecedented accuracy. This reveals significant variation in short tandem repeats within LCRs. We demonstrate that LCR entropy in the MPXV genome is significantly higher than that of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and that LCRs are not randomly distributed. In silico analyses indicate that expression, translation, stability, or function of MPXV orthologous poxvirus genes (OPGs), including OPG153, OPG204, and OPG208, could be affected in a manner consistent with the established “genomic accordion” evolutionary strategies of orthopoxviruses. We posit that genomic studies focusing on phenotypic MPXV differences should consider LCR variability.
Antiviral cellular therapy for enhancing T-cell reconstitution before or after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ACES): a two-arm, open label phase II interventional trial of pediatric patients with risk factor assessment
Authors: Keller Michael D. , Hanley Patrick J. , Chi Yueh-Yun , Aguayo-Hiraldo Paibel , Dvorak Christopher C. , Verneris Michael R. , Kohn Donald B. , Pai Sung-Yun , Dávila Saldaña Blachy J. , Hanisch Benjamin , Quigg Troy C. , Adams Roberta H. , Dahlberg Ann , Chandrakasan Shanmuganathan , Hasan Hasibul , Malvar Jemily , Jensen-Wachspress Mariah A. , Lazarski Christopher A. , Sani Gelina , Idso John M. , Lang Haili , Chansky Pamela , McCann Chase D. , Tanna Jay , Abraham Allistair A. , Webb Jennifer L. , Shibli Abeer , Keating Amy K. , Satwani Prakash , Muranski Pawel , Hall Erin , Eckrich Michael J. , Shereck Evan , Miller Holly , Mamcarz Ewelina , Agarwal Rajni , De Oliveira Satiro N. , Vander Lugt Mark T. , Ebens Christen L. , Aquino Victor M. , Bednarski Jeffrey J. , Chu Julia , Parikh Suhag , Whangbo Jennifer , Lionakis Michail , Zambidis Elias T. , Gourdine Elizabeth , Bollard Catherine M. , Pulsipher Michael A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractViral infections remain a major risk in immunocompromised pediatric patients, and virus-specific T cell (VST) therapy has been successful for treatment of refractory viral infections in prior studies. We performed a phase II multicenter study (NCT03475212) for the treatment of pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity and/or post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant with refractory viral infections using partially-HLA matched VSTs targeting cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or adenovirus. Primary endpoints were feasibility, safety, and clinical responses (>1 log reduction in viremia at 28 days). Secondary endpoints were reconstitution of antiviral immunity and persistence of the infused VSTs. Suitable VST products were identified for 75 of 77 clinical queries. Clinical responses were achieved in 29 of 47 (62%) of patients post-HSCT including 73% of patients evaluable at 1-month post-infusion, meeting the primary efficacy endpoint (>52%). Secondary graft rejection occurred in one child following VST infusion as described in a companion article. Corticosteroids, graft-versus-host disease, transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, and eculizumab treatment correlated with poor response, while uptrending absolute lymphocyte and CD8 T cell counts correlated with good response. This study highlights key clinical factors that impact response to VSTs and demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of this therapy in pediatric HSCT.
Membrane to cortex attachment determines different mechanical phenotypes in LGR5+ and LGR5- colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Conti Sefora , Venturini Valeria , Cañellas-Socias Adrià , Cortina Carme , Abenza Juan F. , Stephan-Otto Attolini Camille , Middendorp Guerra Emily , Xu Catherine K. , Li Jia Hui , Rossetti Leone , Stassi Giorgio , Roca-Cusachs Pere , Diz-Muñoz Alba , Ruprecht Verena , Guck Jochen , Batlle Eduard , Labernadie Anna , Trepat Xavier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) tumors are composed of heterogeneous and plastic cell populations, including a pool of cancer stem cells that express LGR5. Whether these distinct cell populations display different mechanical properties, and how these properties might contribute to metastasis is poorly understood. Using CRC patient derived organoids (PDOs), we find that compared to LGR5- cells, LGR5+ cancer stem cells are stiffer, adhere better to the extracellular matrix (ECM), move slower both as single cells and clusters, display higher nuclear YAP, show a higher survival rate in response to mechanical confinement, and form larger transendothelial gaps. These differences are largely explained by the downregulation of the membrane to cortex attachment proteins Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERMs) in the LGR5+ cells. By analyzing single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) expression patterns from a patient cohort, we show that this downregulation is a robust signature of colorectal tumors. Our results show that LGR5- cells display a mechanically dynamic phenotype suitable for dissemination from the primary tumor whereas LGR5+ cells display a mechanically stable and resilient phenotype suitable for extravasation and metastatic growth.