bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral management in a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Authors: Young Justin M. , Diecidue Robert J. , Nussbaum Burton L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue. FOP results in debilitating heterotopic ossification of the axial and appendicular skeleton. Permanent ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a common late finding, but is usually preceded by specific inciting trauma. Extreme care must be exercised when carrying out routine dental care to prevent soft tissue trauma. Oral health care for patients with FOP is usually complex. There are additional considerations when oral surgical procedures, such as extractions, are needed. Maintaining a balance between oral health and disease progression in these patients is challenging, as they frequently present with advanced oral disease. Fiber optic‐assisted placement of the nasoendotracheal tube is the standard of care. Intramuscular injections including mandibular blocks must be avoided. Permanent fusion of the TMJ leads to malnutrition, inanition, and aspiration of food. In patients with complete TMJ ankylosis, dental extractions can be safely and effectively performed while accessing teeth from the buccal aspect. This approach has successfully resulted in decreased morbidity in these patients as well as others with limited oral opening.
Germination and development of the soma in Boschniakia hookeri (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Olsen Sigurd , Olsen Ingrith Deyrup 
Published: March 2008

Germination of the holoparasitic angiosperm Boschniakia hookeri differs from the usual pattern among the Orobanchaceae. In most members of the family, the germinating seed develops a radix which establishes contact with the host root; in contrast, in B. hookeri the host root makes contact with the parasite seed, penetrates its testa, and association between host root and parasite embryo tissues is then established inside the testa.The germination and development of the perennial vegetative body, the soma, can be divided into ten stages, with characteristic changes from stage to stage. The first four stages range from the pre–germination through the germination proper, including physical contact between parasite and host root; formation of the soma, through development of the first stem bud, occurs in stages five to ten. The processes for the first six stages occur completely within the testa.The mature soma apparently produces flowers when it reaches a size around 15 mm in diameter and continues to grow. Maximum seems to be around 50–60 mm, where dense clusters of 10–12 inflorescences can occur.
Studies in African Cyperaceae 20. New taxa and combinations in Pycreus Beau v.
Authors: Lye Kåre Amstein 
Published: March 2008

One new species, five new subspecies and one variety of the genus Pycreus, are described from East Africa, viz. Pycreus micromelas Lye, P. sanguinolenlus (Vahl) Nees ssp. nairobiensis Lye, P. longistolon Kükenthal ssp. airofusca Lye, P. lanceolatus (Poiret) C. B. Clarke ssp. ugandensis Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. laevinux Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. microglumis Lye, and P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. var. castaneus Lye.In addition eight new combinations are made, viz. P. alms (Turrill) Lye, P. af–rozonatus Lye, P. niger (Ruiz & Pavon) Cufod. ssp. elegantulus (Steudel) Lye, P. macrostachyos (Lam.) J. Raynal ssp. tremulus (Poiret) Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp.fallaciosus (Cherm.) Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. intermedius (Steudel) Lye, and P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. tanaënsis (Kükenthal) Lye.
The genus Anisotes (Acanthaceae), a taxonomic revision
Authors: Baden Claus 
Published: March 2008

The genus Anisotes Nees is revised. A total of 24 taxa had previously been described. In the present revision 19 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are recognized. A new infrageneric classification of Anisotes is proposed.In the general part the morphology, with special emphasis on pollen morphology, and the diagnostic characters of the genus are outlined. Phytogeographical and ecological aspects are discussed in relation to the phytogeographical division of Africa.
New evidence from the ultrastructural and micromorphological fields in angiosperm classification
Authors: Behnke H.–Dietmar , Barthlott W. 
Published: March 2008

Based on TEM investigations of some 1850 species and SEM examinations of about 6000 species of the Angiospermae, this is a survey of ultrastructural and micromorphological data (excluding pollen wall characters) which contribute valuable information for the classification of angiosperms. TEM characters predominately relate to phloem features, such as sieve–element plastids and crystalline P–protein, and to those equally present in other tissues, e.g. nuclear protein crystals and dilated ER–cisternae (DC). Of these, the sieve–element plastids with their types and subtypes (S, PI–PVI) and their over 20 forms represent the most thoroughly investigated TEM character. SEM characters mainly relate to epidermal surface features and can be grouped into four categories: (1) Cellular arrangement or cellular pattern; (2) Shape of cells (the “primary sculpture” of a surface); (3) Relief of outer cell walls (“the secondary sculpture” superimposed on the primary sculpture), caused mainly by cuticular striations and superficially visible wall inclusions and wall thickenings; (4) Epicuticular secretions (the “tertiary sculpture” superimposed on the secondary sculpture), i.e. mainly waxes and related substances.Ultrastructural evidence from sieve–element plastids for the classification of Mag–noliiflorae, Caryophylliflorae, Fabiflorae and the unity of the Monocotyledoneae is discussed, while further plastid data are listed for single families (e.g. Buxaceae, Cyrillaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Eucryphiaceae, Gunneraceae, Rhizophoraceae, Vitaceae). Crystalline P–protein dominates in Malviflorae, Violiflorae and Fabiflorae. Nuclear protein crystals are a specific feature of sieve elements of Boraginaceae. DC characterize Capparales s.lat.Micromorphological evidence derived from specific trichomes is presented as an aid to the characterization of Urticales and Loasales, while a detailed analysis of the micromorphology of the seed coat of Cactaceae and Orchidaceae provided new information for the classification of these families at the tribal and generic levels. As a completely new systematic feature for the classification of the Monocotyledoneae first results of micromorphological differences in wax crystalloids and their orientation patterns are presented: The Liliiflorae s. str. are clearly separated against the Zingiberiflorae–Commeliniflorae (incl. Velloziales, Bromeliales, Typhales) and Areciflorae, both characterized by two mutually exclusive and very specific wax types and delimited against taxa with unspecific waxes in the rest of the monocotyledons and all dicotyledons.
Karyotypes of four wild Paeonia species from Greece
Authors: Tzanoudakis Dimitris 
Published: March 2008

The karyotypes of eight wild Greek Paeonia taxa were studied, viz. P. clusii ssp. clusii (2n = 10, 20), P. clusii ssp. rhodia (2n = 10), P. mascula ssp. mascula (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. hellenica (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. icarica (2n = 20), P. mascula ssp. russi (2n = 10), P. peregrina (2n = 20) and P. parnassica (2n = 20). P. mascula and P. clusii have a very similar haploid chromosome complement, x = 5, including three metacentric chromosomes, one submetacentric and one subtelocentric. In the chromosome complements of the tetraploid P. peregrina and P. parnassica the same chromosome types are included but their karyotype differ from those of the former two species by a number of characters. The main karyotype differences are concerned with the size differentiation of the chromosomes which in the case of P. peregrina has resulted in the diploidization of the tetraploid karyotype.From the individuals examined, six were found to have abnormal karyotypes suggesting chromosomal exchanges. These structural aberrations in which mainly submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes are involved have also been described and discussed.
Seasonal changes in leaf lipids of Diapensia lapponica, with special reference to storage lipid bodies
Authors: Pihakaski K. , Pihakaski S. , Karunen P. , Kallio P. 
Published: March 2008

Seasonal fluctuations in storage lipids in the cushion plant Diapensia lapponica, growing in Northern Finland (70°N 27°E), were studied by microscopy and chemical analysis. Lipid bodies in the mesophyll cells were stained with Sudan Black for quantitative observation by light microscope. Electron microscope observations were made using aldehyde prefixed and osmium tetroxide postfixed sections of leaf blades. Thin layer and gas capillary chromatographic techniques were used to analyse total lipids and total fatty acids in green shoots of Diapensia. Free sugars and starch were extracted separately and determined by the anthrone method.A mesophyll cell was characterized by a large lipid body (storage lipid) in summer but by several small spherules in winter. Total surface area of the cross‐sectioned lipid globules was at its lowest from April to September; the maximal value was in March. The amount of total lipids in the leafy tops of D. lapponica was 91–200 mg g‐1 dry weight. Values were lowest at the end of June, when the total carbohydrate level was at its highest. Accordingly, the decrease in the total lipid level in the early growing season, when new leaves were developing, can be attributed primarily to the increase in the level of carbohydrates, particularly starch. The amount of total fatty acids varied from 21 to 30 mg g‐1 dry weight. The level increased in the early growing season and remained elevated throughout the summer. Like the total lipids, the total fatty acids are derived from structurally different parts of the sclerophyllous leaves, including the well‐developed cuticle and epicuticular wax layer. The discrepancies in the results obtained from microscopic and chemical analyses are discussed.
Algal studies of the Danish Wadden Sea. IV. A taxonomic study of the interstitial euglenoid flagellates
Authors: Larsen Jacob 
Published: March 2008

The flora of interstitial euglenoid flagellates in the Rejsby Marsk area in the Danish Wadden Sea was studied from November 1980 to December 1981. Twenty eight species were found; 26 of these are heterotrophic forms. Five new species are described: Anisonema trepidum, Metanema sedatum, Notosolenus esulcis, N. rhombicus, and Pseudoperanema fusiforme.Apparently most species do not prefer any particular type of substrate. The number of species was only slightly influenced by the different seasons.
Evaluation of some methods for hybrid analysis, exemplified by hybridization in Argyrantheimim (Asteraceae)
Authors: Brochmann Christian 
Published: March 2008

A grouping of transformations is proposed: 1) “Element transformations”, aimed at changing relations between elements within a single character vector; and 2) “vector transformations”, aimed at changing relations between different character vectors. Logarithmic element transformation seemed suitable for revealing variation in size characters.Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) was appropriate for determination of dimensionality and structural extremes (parentage). Due to polynomial distortions, however, variation in extreme populations was underestimated and variation in intermediate populations exaggerated.A “character index”, the mean of a specimen's ranged characters, is suggested to replace Anderson's hybrid index. Knowledge of parentage and parental maxima, but not of variation in pure parental populations, is required. The character index combined with modified Gay triangles was found suitable for revealing the structure of the material, which showed mainly one‐dimensional variation. The material analysed comprised Argyranthemum broussonetü, A. frutescens, a hybrid swarm and experimental F1 hybrids between these species; and A. sundingü, which was found to be a stabilized hybrid derivative, probably evolved by hybrid speciation with external barriers.
Seasonal changes in the chloroplast ultrastructure of Diapensia lapponica
Authors: Pihakaski Kaarina 
Published: March 2008

Leaf specimens of evergreen Diapensia lapponica were collected monthly in Northern Finland (ca 70°N) in order to study seasonal changes in the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts of the palisade mesophyll.The volume fraction of chloroplasts per cell was lowest in summer and increased towards autumn and winter. However, the relative size seemed to be higher in summer than in other seasons. Length/width (L/W) ratio was calculated as an index of the chloroplast shape. The shape varied from elongated (usually concavo‐convex in profile), with an L/W ratio from 1.9 to 2.5 in summer, to roundish or irregular (L/W ratio from 1.2 to 1.4) in midwinter. In autumn the chloroplasts were most elongated (LW ratio 2.6). The starch content was highest at the end of June when it constituted 38% of the volume of chloroplast. It decreased from then till November and was absent during the rest of the winter. Changes in the thylakoid system involved an increase in the number of partitions from an average of three in early summer to 11 in autumn and a decrease to M again towards winter. In spring it was up to 7 again. The large grana and high portion of stroma thylakoids observed in late August ‐ September (the period of rhythmic light) are consistent with the high photosynthesis activity reported previously in D. lapponica in laboratory conditions.
Morphological variation and ecology of Mallomonas crassisquama (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Siver Peter A. , Skogstad Asbjørn 
Published: March 2008

Siver, P. A. & Skogstad, A. 1988. Morphological variation and ecology of Mallomonas crassisquama (Chrysophyceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 7: 99–107. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X. Mallomonas crassisquama is one of the most common and widely distributed species of Mallomonas. In this study we compare the morphology and ecology of the species based on 309 collections from 67 localities in Connecticut (U.S.A.) and Norway. The taxon produces a very complex siliceous coat consisting of four scale and two bristle types all of which have considerable structural variation. A new variety, M. crassisquama var. papillosa is described. Bristle production was found to be temperature dependent where cells formed serrated or helmet bristles under cold or warm conditions, respectively. M. crassisquama was found to exist over wide temperature, conductivity, phosphorus and pH ranges, however, was absent in samples with a pH <5.5.
The floral nectaries of Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis in. A morphometric and ultrastructural approach
Authors: Sawidis Th. , Eleftheriou E. P. , Tsekos I. 
Published: March 2008

The secretory hairs of Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis nectaries have been studied ultrastructurally, particularly at stages before, during and after secretion. Morphometric cytology revealed considerable changes in the volume of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the vacuoles. At least three different forms of ER have been noticed, cisternal, tubular and vesicular. The intermediate cells of the hairs are ultrastructurally and morphometrically similar to the tip cell, suggesting their probable involvement both in a symplastic prenectar transport via the plasmodesmata and in nectar release into an extracellular space provided by the lateral cell walls. Nectar would then be apoplastically moving towards the tip cell, where it is forcibly expelled to the outside via transient pores of the cuticle.Ultrastructural evidence indicates that ER is the cell compartment principally involved both in prenectar transport and nectar elimination. In the hair cells it provides a “secretory reticulum” mediating between prenectar accumulation and nectar release. Vacuoles are voluminous in the basal cells, and in all cell types of old nectaries. The results are discussed in relation with other plant glands, especially with the closely related Abutilon nectaries.
Environmental constraints on microevolution in Prasiola stipitata s. lat. (Prasiolales: Chlorophyta)
Authors: Russell G. 
Published: March 2008

Three cultured strains of Prasiola stripitata were established from populations on shores of NW England (Hilbre), N Norway (Vardö) and SW Finland (Ören). Experiments were carried out on the effects of seawater salinity (6, 34, 68, 102%o) on these strains. All isolates showed significant differences in plantlet density in response to salinity, and density maxima at 34%o. The Ören culture density was least reduced at 6%.Growth of these isolates was also significantly affected by salinity and their patterns of response also differed significantly. The Hilbre strain proved to be the most vigorous in 68 and 102%o. The Ören strain performed best in 6 and 34%o and grew very poorly in 102%o. The responses of the Vardö isolate proved to be somewhat intermediate in character. Microevolutionary divergence can therefore occur in this taxon but the constraints imposed by the harsh conditions at high shore levels in all localities ensure that differences in salt tolerance between ecotypes will be small.
Fleshy fungi of grass fields HI. Reaction to different fertilizers and to age of grass turf. Periodicity of fruiting
Authors: Lange Morten 
Published: March 2008

The fungus flora of an experimental grass field was studied over a ten years period. 48 squares were fertilized with combinations of NPK fertilizers. The nitrogen source was varied over the years. Calcium nitrate was applied in four seasons, ammonium sulphate and calcium ammonium nitrate were each applied in three seasons. Two series of squares had grass turf of different age, in the period ranging from one year to 12 years of age. The 55 species of fungi recorded were clearly divided in a nitrophilous group and a nitrophobous group. In the three first seasons, when an ongoing nitrate programme was continued, the species frequencies in the +N parcels were much higher than in the—N parcels. Most species in the nitrophilous group showed preference for nitrate, and application of ammonium had an almost poisonous effect on a large number of nitrophilous species, including most of the fairy ring formers. Agaricus campestris and two other nitrophilous species reacted positively to potassium. Most of the nitrophobous species were ± attached to moss and to grass debris. A few species had preference for grass turf 1–2 years old while the vaste majority of the fungi were established after 3–5 years.The fruiting periods of the more common species were found to have a range of several months.
On the occurrence of sexual reproduction in Saxifraga cernua and S. foliolosa (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Molau Ulf 
Published: March 2008

In all contemporary floras, the two circumpolar arctic species Saxifraga cernua and S. foliolosa are claimed to reproduce only by vegetative means (bulbils) and to have abandoned sexual reproduction. Scattered records in the literature indicate that this is erroneous, and that seed is set irregularly and at a low rate in both species. An inventory of herbarium material supports this view. Field studies at Latnjajaure, N Swedish Lapland, demonstrate that both species have an androdioecious mating system, a phenomenon which is extremely rare in natural plant populations. The two gender classes within each species are maintained by self‐incompatibility in hermaphorodites and a higher rate of vegetative propagation in female‐sterile plants. Hermaphrodites are rare, especially in S. cernua, and most populations consist exclusively of female‐sterile plants. The sparsity of fruiting material in herbaria is regarded to be, in part, a result of low frequency of collecting, due to the in‐conspicuousness of the plants in this stage. Scanning electron micrographs of seeds of the two species are provided.Flora Nordica Notes no. 5.
A revision of Cycniopsis (Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: Backlund Anders , Hunde Asfaw , Lågström Elisabeth 
Published: March 2008

The genus Cycniopsis is reexamined. Generic and specific delimitation is discussed with respect to morphological characters, including seed structures studied by scanning electron microscopy. A hierarchical key to Cycniopsis and related genera is presented.Two species are recognised, C. humifusa and C. humilis comb. nov. Several names are reduced to synonymy, and three lectotypes and one neotype are selected. Both species are illustrated, and a distribution map is provided.
Review
Authors: Nielsen Ivan 
Published: March 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Scripta Botanica Belgica volume 1, 199 pages, ed. E. Robberecht. 1992. ‐ Anderson, L., A Provisional Checklist of Neotropical RubiaceaeIbid. vol. 2, 153 pages, ed. E. Robberecht. 1992. ‐Ghanzafar, S. A., An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman and their vernacular namesIbid. vol. 3, 376 pages, ed. C. Puff. 1991. ‐ The genus Paederia L. (Rubiaceae‐Paedeneae): a multidisciplinary study
New taxa and nomenclatural combinations in Malesian Bauhinia (Leguminosae‐Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Larsen Kai , Larsen Supee Saksuwan 
Published: March 2008

The following new taxa have been described Bauhinia foraminifera var. falcata var. nov., B. kockiana var. angustifolia var. nov., B. kockiana var. bakoensis var. nov., B. kockiana var. beccarii var. nov., B. kockiana var. brevipedicellata var. nov., B. kockiana var. calcicola var. nov., B. merrilliana var. borneensis var. nov., B. pachyphylla var. wenzelii var. nov., B. semibifida var. acuminata var. nov., B. semibifida var. bruneiana var. nov., B. semibifida var. longebracfeata var. nov., B. stipularis var. brachystylus var. nov., B. wrayi var. blumeana var. nov., and B. wrayi var. borneensis var. nov.The following new combinations have been made: Bauhinia ahemiana var. subglabra comb. nov., B. ampla var. schlechteri stat. nov., B. bidentata var. breviflora stat. nov., B. bidentata var. fraseri comb. nov., B. bidentata var. gracilipes stat. nov., B. bidentata var. monticola stat. nov., B. fabrilis comb. & stat. nov., B. finlaysoniana var. amoena comb. nov., B. finlaysoniana var. leptopus comb. nov., B. finlaysoniana var. montana comb. nov., B. integrifolia ssp. integrifolia var. nymphaeifolia comb. nov., B. kockiana var. scarlatina stat. nov., B. kockiana var. sericeinervia comb. nov., B. kockiana var. velutina comb. nov., B. lingua var. antipolana stat. nov., B. lingua var. riedelii stat. nov., B. semibifida var. perkinsae stat. nov., B. semibifda var. stenostachya comb, nov., B. wrayi var. cancellata comb. & stat. nov., B. wrayi var. cardiophylla comb, nov., and B. wrayi var. rubella comb. nov.