bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the infraorbital artery and its orbital branch
Authors: Tong Jessica Y. , Sung Jeffrey , Chan WengOnn , Psaltis Alkis J. , Selva Dinesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background/objectives
To characterise the infraorbital artery (IOA) and its orbital branch, which are key structures encountered during inferior orbital explorations, with potential for orbital haemorrhage and vision loss if inappropriately handled.

Methods
Thirteen embalmed heads (26 orbits) were dissected. The following parameters were measured: orientation of the IOA in relation to the infraorbital nerve (ION); presence or absence of the orbital branch of the IOA; and the distance between the orbital branch of the IOA to the inferior orbital rim.

Results
In the pterygopalatine fossa, the orientation of the IOA relative to V2 was medial (n = 9, 34.6%), inferior (n = 4, 15.4%), lateral (n = 4, 15.4%), inferolateral (n = 3, 11.5%), superolateral (n = 3, 11.5%), inferomedial (n = 2, 7.7%) and superior (n = 1, 3.8%). In the infraorbital canal, the IOA in relation to the ION was as follows: superomedial (n = 12, 46.2%), medial (n = 9, 34.6%), superior (n = 2, 7.7%), inferomedial (n = 2, 7.7%) and superolateral (n = 1, 3.8%). An orbital branch of the IOA was identified in 21/26 orbits (80.8%). The mean distance of the orbital branch to the inferior orbital rim was 13.0 ± 4.8 mm (range 2.0-23.0 mm).

Conclusions
The IOA is an important vascular structure to recognise during inferior orbitotomies. The most common configuration is an IOA that runs medially to V2 in the pterygopalatine fossa, then superomedially to the ION within the infraorbital canal. The orbital branch of the IOA emerges 13 mm posterior to the inferior orbital rim. Recognition of these arterial branches and appropriate cauterization are paramount for avoiding significant operative complications.
How energy determines spatial localisation and copy number of molecules in neurons
Authors: Bergmann Cornelius , Mousaei Kanaan , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Tchumatchenko Tatjana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In neurons, the quantities of mRNAs and proteins are traditionally assumed to be determined by functional, electrical or genetic factors. Yet, there may also be global, currently unknown computational rules that are valid across different molecular species inside a cell. Surprisingly, our results show that the energy for molecular turnover is a significant cellular expense, en par with spiking cost, and which requires energy-saving strategies. We show that the drive to save energy determines transcript quantities and their location while acting differently on each molecular species depending on the length, longevity and other features of the respective molecule. We combined our own data and experimental reports from five other large-scale mRNA and proteomics screens, comprising more than ten thousand molecular species to reveal the underlying computational principles of molecular localisation. We found that energy minimisation principles explain experimentally-reported exponential rank distributions of mRNA and protein copy numbers. Our results further reveal robust energy benefits when certain mRNA classes are moved into dendrites, for example mRNAs of proteins with long amino acid chains or mRNAs with large non-coding regions and long half-lives proving surprising insights at the level of molecular populations.
A knowledge graph for crop diseases and pests in China
Authors: Yan Rongen , An Ping , Meng Xianghao , Li Yakun , Li Dongmei , Xu Fu , Dang Depeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A standardized representation and sharing of crop disease and pest data is crucial for enhancing crop yields, especially in China, which features vast cultivation areas and complex agricultural ecosystems. A knowledge graph for crop diseases and pests, acting as a repository of entities and relationships, is crucial conceptually for achieving unified data management. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge graphs specifically designed for this field. In this paper, we propose CropDP-KG, a knowledge graph for crop diseases and pests in China, which leverages natural language processing techniques to analyze data from the Chinese crop diseases and pests image-text database. CropDP-KG covers relevant information on crop diseases and pests in China, featuring 8 primary entities such as diseases, symptoms, and crops, and is organized into 7 relationships such as primary occurrence locations, affected parts and suitable temperature. In total, it includes 13,840 entities and 21,961 relationships. In the case studies presented in this research, we also show a versatile application of CropDP, namely a knowledge service system, and have released its codebase under an open-source license. The content of this paper provides a guide for users to build their own knowledge graphs, aiming to help them effectively reuse and extend the knowledge graphs they create.
MCU expression in hippocampal CA2 neurons modulates dendritic mitochondrial morphology and synaptic plasticity
Authors: Pannoni Katy E. , Fischer Quentin S. , Tarannum Renesa , Cawley Mikel L. , Alsalman Mayd M. , Acosta Nicole , Ezigbo Chisom , Gil Daniela V. , Campbell Logan A. , Farris Shannon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neuronal mitochondria are diverse across cell types and subcellular compartments in order to meet unique energy demands. While mitochondria are essential for synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, the mechanisms regulating mitochondria to support normal synapse function are incompletely understood. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is proposed to couple neuronal activity to mitochondrial ATP production, which would allow neurons to rapidly adapt to changing energy demands. MCU is uniquely enriched in hippocampal CA2 distal dendrites compared to proximal dendrites, however, the functional significance of this layer-specific enrichment is not clear. Synapses onto CA2 distal dendrites readily express plasticity, unlike the plasticity-resistant synapses onto CA2 proximal dendrites, but the mechanisms underlying these different plasticity profiles are unknown. Using a CA2-specific MCU knockout (cKO) mouse, we found that MCU deletion impairs plasticity at distal dendrite synapses. However, mitochondria were more fragmented and spine head area was diminished throughout the dendritic layers of MCU cKO mice versus control mice. Fragmented mitochondria might have functional changes, such as altered ATP production, that could explain the structural and functional deficits at cKO synapses. Differences in MCU expression across cell types and circuits might be a general mechanism to tune mitochondrial function to meet distinct synaptic demands.
A microstrip quad‐band power divider based on stepped impedance coupled lines
Authors: Wang Xinhuai , Hou Yifan , Wang Wen , Li Kejiang , Xu Hongyang , Shi Xiaowei , Xu Yin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA novel design of quad‐band power divider (PD) is proposed in this brief. By introducing the stepped impedance coupled lines, the frequency offset and power loss caused by dispersion are effectively reduced. This brief gives the complete theoretical derivation and design flow of the proposed quad‐band PD, according to which people can design the PD operating in four bands. Finally, according to the design method, a quad‐band PD operating at 0.7, 2.4, 3.6 and 5.3 GHz is simulated and designed. After processing and measurement, it exhibits low return loss and high isolation in the four operating bandwidths, and the simulation results are highly consistent with the experimental results, which proves the correctness of the proposed design method.
Large volume torsion (LVT) apparatuses for rock deformation at high pressure and temperature
Authors: Skemer Philip , Couvy Hélène , Cross Andrew J. , Littleton Joshua A. H. , Bollinger Caroline 
Published: February 2025

Laboratory studies of rock rheology rely on purpose-built devices that can apply planetarily relevant pressures, temperatures, and non-hydrostatic stresses. Generating these pressures and stresses requires the application of large forces over small specimen areas. However, because rocks are generally polymineralic and deformation microstructures form across many length scales, it is advantageous to study relatively large (millimetric) specimens. In addition, many microstructures continue to evolve with progressive strain, so it is vital that some apparatus are able to generate enough shear strain to study these deformation phenomena. This contribution describes two new rock deformation apparatus—the Large Volume Torsion apparatus—at Washington University in St. Louis, which are capable of deforming geological specimens at high pressure and temperature (P = 3 GPa; T = 1800 K). Deformation is imposed in a torsional geometry, which enables the generation of extremely large shear strains (γ &gt; 100) relevant to Earth’s plate boundaries and convecting mantle. A large specimen (diameter up to 4.2 mm) permits detailed postmortem microstructural analysis. Apparatus design, calibration, experimental procedures, and some examples of applications are reviewed.
Big-MEMS for high thermal conductivity measurement
Authors: He Haiyu , Wang Yuxi , Song Bai 
Published: February 2025

Macroscopic materials of high thermal conductivity are crucial for thermal management applications and also for the exploration of fundamental transport mechanisms. However, accurate thermal measurement of such materials poses several challenges associated particularly with the high contact thermal resistance as compared to that of the sample and also the small temperature difference that has to be resolved. In this study, we address these challenges by building upon the recently proposed concept of big-MEMS for thermal measurement. At the core of our approach is a suite of suspended devices fabricated from low-stress silicon nitride (SiNx) nanofilms with integrated platinum resistive heater/thermometers, in conjunction with a multiprobe experimental scheme. The SiNx suspension beams feature an ultralow thermal conductance, which ensures picowatt heat-flow resolution and reduces unwanted conductive heat loss to a negligible level. Meanwhile, the impact of contact thermal resistance on temperature sensing is also minimized (&lt;3%). For demonstration, we measure the thermal conductivity of four representative materials with different sample geometries (all are a few millimeters long), including three types of metal wires (platinum, gold, and silver) and two silicon bars (doped and intrinsic). The thermal conductivity values we obtain reach beyond 1000 W m−1 K−1 at low temperatures and agree remarkably well with textbook recommendations and previous measurements. Our multiprobe big-MEMS approach based on SiNx devices offers a reliable and convenient avenue for identifying and understanding high thermal conductivity materials.
Elephant trunk wrinkles: a mathematical model of function and form
Authors: Liu Yang , Goriely Alain , Mihai L Angela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A notable feature of the elephant trunk is the pronounced wrinkling that enables its great flexibility. Here, we devise a general mathematical model that accounts for the characteristic skin wrinkles formed during morphogenesis in the elephant trunk. Using physically realistic parameters and operating within the theoretical framework of nonlinear morphoelasticity, we elucidate analytically and numerically the effect of skin thickness, relative stiffness, and differential growth on the physiological pattern of transverse wrinkles distributed along the trunk. We conclude that since the skin and muscle components have similar material properties, geometric parameters, such as curvature, play an important role. In particular, our model predicts that, in the proximal region close to the skull, where the curvature is lower, fewer wrinkles form and will form sooner than in the distal narrower region, where more wrinkles develop. Similarly, less wrinkling is found on the ventral side, which is flatter, compared to the dorsal side. In summary, the mechanical compatibility between the skin and the muscle enables them to grow seamlessly, while the wrinkled skin acts as a protective barrier that is both thicker and more flexible than the unwrinkled skin.
On the effect of pumped storage on renewable energy accommodation in multi-clean energy complementation bases
Authors: Gu Jianwei , Gao Jie , Chen Changsheng , Liu Yibing , Zhu Fangliang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Issues on grid-source coordination and grid-integration security and stability severely restricted the level of renewable energy accommodation in muti-energy complementary clean energy bases, which has attracted widespread attention in recent years. As the most technologically well-developed and effective form of large-scale energy storage currently available, pumped storage is an important flexible power source for multi-energy complementary clean energy bases, which could be an effective means to solve the problem of large-scale renewable energy accommodation in the bases. To solve the dilemma of long-distance delivery scale and quantitatively assess the supporting role of pumped storage for clean energy bases, in this paper, typical base development scenarios with pumped storage and different types of renewable energy involved were constructed, and power system production simulation in a full-year with 8, 760 hours was carried out. Besides, a large-scale clean energy base model, including pumped storage with a grid-connected transmission system, was built. Power system safety and stability verification under typical base development scenarios was conducted as well. The results showed that, from the perspective of power balance, pumped storage could drive more than five times its installed capacity of wind or photovoltaic renewable energy development. From the perspective of grid-integration security and stability, the condenser operation of pumped storage could increase the renewable energy accommodation increment by more than 60%. The mechanism of why pumped storage enhanced the level of renewable energy accommodation in the bases was analyzed in this paper. Pumped storage could play a role in energy storage to mitigate the fluctuations in wind and solar power generation. What’s more, the condenser operation of pumped storage can improve the level of grid-connected voltage and reactive power, and increase the short-circuit capacity of the whole multi-clean energy complementation bases. Overall, pumped storage effectively enhanced the delivery and accommodation capacity of clean energy bases. The results of this paper will effectively promote the planning and implementation of multi-energy complementary clean energy bases and help achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.
Study on the shutdown and restart process of a crude oil pipeline
Authors: Qiu Shujuan , Xie Yan , Chen Gaolei , Zhang Weikai , Li Xiaolong , Wang Ji , Cui Runqi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The crude oil pipelines are relatively complex, with a wide variety of transported oil types with significantly varying physical properties. A numerical simulation method was proposed to explore whether crude oil with extremely poor physical properties (high viscosity and condensation temperature) can be transported safely, considering the pipeline’s complicated characteristics during shutdown and restart. A mathematical and physical model of a crude oil pipeline was presented, and the explicit forward differentiation method and characteristic line were used to solve the equations. A computer program was written using Python to simulate the shutdown and restart process of the pipeline. The transportation of extremely poor-quality crude oil under extreme conditions was simulated for both autumn and winter scenarios, with a 10-hour shutdown followed by a restart. For the autumn condition, the pipeline could restart safely. However, in winter, the pipeline experienced unsafe phenomena such as rapid flow reduction and pressure increase after restarting. Analyzing the oil temperature along the pipeline revealed the cause of these issues, providing technical support for the safe operation of crude oil pipelines.
Optimization design scheme for multi-property offshore wind power centralized flexible dc transmission metering system
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Lin Chuanwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article focuses on the characteristics of centralized flexible DC transmission of multi-property offshore wind power. Due to the insufficient consideration of the losses of each part of the transmission system in the traditional power-sharing measurement scheme, this article analyzes the losses of the five main parts of the centralized transmission system, including the onshore connection transformer, onshore converter system, DC submarine cable, offshore converter system, and offshore connection transformer, clarifies the loss allocation of each property wind farm, and proposes an optimized design scheme for the centralized flexible DC transmission measurement system of multi-property offshore wind power, which can effectively improve the accuracy of measurement.
Research on oxygen production characteristics in solar-driven CeO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Gao Ziliang , Xu Wenjie , Chen Kang , Zhu Liya , Du Jinyang , Xiang Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the context of economic and population growth, along with scientific and technological progress, the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution need to be solved urgently, and solar energy, as a substantial, clean resource, has become the key topic of energy development. This research focuses on solar-driven H2O/CO2 splitting via two-step thermochemical cycles, aiming to improve ceria (CeO2) reduction rate and oxygen productivity. Specifically, it conducts thermodynamic analysis of oxygen vacancies in CeO2, constructs coupling models for solving fluid flow and species transport in porous media, respectively, using COMSOL Multiphysics, and explores the effect of variations in solar heat supply on CeO2 reduction and oxygen production in the numerical simulation model. Also, the effect of different mass flow rates at the inlet on oxygen productivity is verified. The findings show that, with other conditions being constant, increasing the inlet mass flow rate can lead to a commensurable rise in gas flow velocity, and greater solar heating powers can accelerate CeO2 reduction to improve oxygen productivity.
Study on typical business models for rural clean energy systems
Authors: Yang Yang , Huo Da , Yang Haiyue , He Yuan , Wei Nansong , Luo Yihan , Su Juan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper explores typical business models for rural clean energy systems, analyzing the current state of rural energy production and consumption. Based on the specific characteristics of rural supply and demand, three business models are proposed. The paper also delves into the roles and responsibilities of market participants, designing business model frameworks suited for various scenarios. The aim is to promote the development and commercialization of rural clean energy through innovative business models, supporting the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.
Numerical study on improving the cooling performance of indirect dry cooling tower by pre-cooling with moist media
Authors: Chen Renjun , Zhang Li , Wang Tianci 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pre-cooling of high-temperature ambient air can lower the outlet temperature of circulating water, and improve the cooling performance of indirect dry cooling towers. Taking the indirect dry cooling tower of one 660 MW thermal power unit as the research object, this paper attempts different arrangement schemes of moist media layers around the indirect dry cooling tower. The flow field distribution of air within the indirect dry cooling tower has been simulated by utilizing numerical methods. The simulation values of the ventilation rate of wet air and the outlet temperature of circulating water of the cooling towers with different schemes are extracted. The cooling performance of several cases of the cooling tower is compared. The research results show that placing moist media layers around the indirect dry cooling tower could play a dual role in pre-cooling and flow rectification. Under the summer conditions, three schemes can respectively increase the ventilation rate of the cooling tower by 0.27%, 1.95%, and 1.34%, and reduce the outlet temperature of circulating water by 1.8℃, 2.0℃, and 2.1℃. Among the three schemes, the scheme of placing one moist media layer in every radiator sector has the greatest improvement in the cooling performance.
Experimental and numerical study on flow field characteristics in an axial/radial dual-stage swirler
Authors: Zhao Jingyi , Liu Chang , Lin Jiayu , Dong Qixuan , Lai Canlong , Wang Xiaodong , Ji Jie , Liu Minghou 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An axial/radial dual-stage swirler with an inner axial inlet and an outer radial inlet is proposed and its mean flow and turbulent characteristics are studied by particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) and numerical simulation. Compared with a traditional single-stage axial swirler, the Coanda effect can be weakened inside the axial/radial dual-stage swirler. By proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis, it is found that the axial/radial dual-stage swirler has a higher energy concentration in each order mode and exhibits an explosive breakup (Mode 1), swinging (Mode 2), and one precessing vortex core (PVC) (Modes 4 and 6).
Simulation research on lead seal defect of cable terminal based on ultrasonic testing technology
Authors: Xia Rong , Zhou Yunjie , Zhou Hong , Yuan Jianjun , Gao Shuaiqi , Fang Chunhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a key component of the cable terminal attachment, the lead seal may be loosened or ruptured due to fabrication process defects or external forces, so it is especially necessary to research detecting the defects in the lead seal by ultrasonic phased array technology. A simulation analysis of the seals was carried out through simulation methods. The results show that the defective echoes received by the probe can accurately identify the defects in the seals and their specific locations. The 10MHz frequency detects the internal defects of the seals, and the 7.5MHz frequency detects the defects between the seals and the aluminum sheath layer with the best results. Thus, the validity of ultrasonic phased-array technology in detecting the defects of the seals is confirmed.
Selection research of irregular cutters and its application in deep drilling: considering both aggressiveness and reliability
Authors: Li Cheng , Wu Zhonghua , Yuan Xiaoqi , Cao Jifei , Zhang Weiqiang , Huang Zhe , Yan Yan , Sun Jianxiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The irregular cutter technology can effectively improve the rate of penetration (ROP) in deep hard formations, but there has not been a standardized method of selecting irregular cutters suitable for target working conditions and geological environments. Based on the simulation analysis of rock breaking by a single cutter, this study applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Empirical Method to establish a selection method for irregular teeth. This method is divided into two parts: evaluation of the rock breaking efficiency and evaluation of the cutter surface structure, and the final selection results could be obtained through weight allocation. Finally, the feasibility of the method was verified by laboratory experiments, and this method was applied to an ultra deep well in the Junggar Basin, and achieved good application results. The results show that the suitable irregular cutter in the igneous rock formation of the example well is the axe cutter. By using the optimized drill bit with axe cutters, the average ROP reached 2.04 m/h, with an increase of 191.43% compared to the 0.7 m/h ROP of the drill bit with plane cutters, confirming the accuracy of the selection method. This method can provide technical support for ROP improvement in deep hard formation.