bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of swallowing with polydimethylsiloxane injections in patients who underwent partial laryngectomy
Authors: Bergamini Giuseppe , Alicandri‐Ciufelli Matteo , Molteni Gabriele , De Siati Daniele Romolo , Luppi Maria Pia , Marchioni Daniele , Presutti Livio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground.We conducted this longitudinal prospective study to illustrate a surgical technique for swallowing rehabilitation of patients after partial laryngectomy.Methods.Nine patients with persistent swallowing impairment after partial laryngectomy were included in the study. Evaluation of swallowing was performed by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), and was quantified using 2 scales: a dysphagia score and a modified penetration‐aspiration scale. The site of bolus inhalation was identified. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was injected into the neoglottis to fill these passages, and to obtain a certain continence of the organ.Results.Mean follow‐up was 25 months (range, 5–39). All patients showed an improvement both in the dysphagia score and in the modified penetration‐aspiration scale. Average improvement was 2.6 points in the dysphagia score (p = .0042) and 2.1 points in the modified penetration‐aspiration scale (p = .0043).Conclusion.PDMS injection can be considered as an option in surgical rehabilitation of swallowing in patients who underwent partial laryngectomy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
The Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ): A validation study in a Korean context
Authors: Song Ji Hoon , Joo Baek‐Kyoo (Brian) , Chermack Thomas J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the measurement scores of the learning organization culture, the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ), in a Korean context. A total of 1,529 cases from 11 firms in two major Korean conglomerates were analyzed. Rigorous translation procedures, including both forward and backward processes, have been applied to ensure the relevance of this instrumentation in different cultural contexts. As the results of confirma‐tory factor analysis, simple item‐internal consistency estimates, and item intercorrelation analysis show, the Korean version of the DLOQ has produced reliable measurement scores with a construct validity adequate to measure the learning organization culture in the Korean context.
Effects of trainer expressiveness, seductive details, and trainee goal orientation on training outcomes
Authors: Towler Annette 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study focuses on trainer expressiveness and trainee mastery orientation within the context of the seductive details effect. The seductive details effect refers to inclusion of “highly interesting and entertaining information that is only tangentially related to the topic” (Harp & Mayer, 1998, p. 1). One hundred thirty‐two participants listened to lectures that differed in seductive details and trainer expressiveness. Results indicated that participants had the highest problem‐solving score after an expressive, seductive‐details lecture. High‐mastery participants in the nonseductive/expressive condition did best on recall.
Approaches for defining thresholds and return periods for rainfall‐triggered shallow landslides
Authors: Frattini Paolo , Crosta Giovanni , Sosio Rosanna 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProbabilistic thresholds for triggering shallow landslides by rainfall are developed using two approaches: a logistic regression model and Iverson's physically based model. Both approaches are applied to a 180 km2 area in northern Italy. For the physically based model a Monte Carlo approach is used to obtain probabilities of slope failure associated with differing combinations of rainfall intensity and duration as well as differing topographic settings. For the logistic regression model hourly and daily rainfall data and split‐sample testing are used to explore the effect of antecedent rainfall on triggering thresholds. It is demonstrated that both the statistical and physically based models provide stochastic thresholds that express the probability of landslide triggering. The resulting thresholds are comparable, even though the two approaches are conceptually different. The physically based model also provides an estimate of the percentage of potentially unstable areas in which failure can be triggered with a certain probability. The return period of rainfall responsible for landslide triggering is studied by using a Gumbel scaling model of rainfall intensity–duration–frequency curves. It is demonstrated that antecedent rainfall must be taken into account in landslide forecasting, and a method is proposed to correct the rainfall return period by filtering the rainfall maxima with a fixed threshold of antecedent rainfall. This correction produces an increase of the return periods, especially for rainstorms of short duration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of temperature on permeation of low‐density lipoprotein particles through human carotid artery tissues
Authors: Ghosn Mohamad G. , Leba Michael , Vijayananda Astha , Rezaee Panteha , Morrisett Joel D. , Larin Kirill V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractQuantification of the diffusion of small molecules and large lipid transporting lipoproteins across arterial tissues could be useful in elucidating the mechanism(s) of atherosclerosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of diffusion of glucose and low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) in human carotid endarterectomy tissue in vitro. The permeability rate for glucose was calculated to be (3.51 ± 0.27) × 10–5 cm/s (n = 13) at 20 °C, and (3.70 ± 0.44) × 10–5 cm/s (n = 5) at 37 °C; for LDL the rate was (2.42 ± 0.33) × 10–5 cm/s (n = 5) at 20 °C and (4.77 ± 0.48) × 10–5 cm/s (n = 7) at 37 °C, where n is the number of samples. These results demonstrate that temperature does not significantly influence the permeation of small molecules (e.g. glucose), however, raising the temperature does significantly increase the permeation of LDL. These results provide new information about the capacity of an atherogenic lipoprotein to traverse the intimal layer of the artery. These results also demonstrate the potential of OCT for elucidating the dynamics of lipoprotein perfusion across the arterial wall. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of the nanostructure and nanoporosity on bioactive nanohydroxyapatite/reconstituted collagen by electrodeposition
Authors: Ou Keng‐Liang , Wu Jeffery , Lai Wen‐Fu T. , Yang Charng‐Bin , Lo Wen‐Chang , Chiu Li‐Hsuan , Bowley John 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA)/collagen composites were reported to induce bony growth. Various methods for preparing HA‐based composites have been investigated as potential biomaterials for bone substitutes. However, no method can generate a thick nanoporous HA. A novel bone regenerative nanocomposite consisting of nano‐hydroxyapatite (HA), nano‐amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and reconstituted collagen by electrodeposition was designed in this research. Specimens with and without nanoporosity were evaluated using electrochemical measurements, material analyses, and cell‐material interactions. The results showed that reconstituted collagen/nano‐(HA and ACP) illustrated a multinanoporous structure and enhanced biocompatibility. Nanocomposite was comprised to nano‐(HA and ACP) and reconstituted collagen. The core cell structure was formed during electrodeposition. Nanoporosity and nanostructure were observed as formation of nanocomposite. The nano‐(HA and ACP) phases were essentially composed of a nanoporous and nanostructural biocomposite. Reconstituted collagen incorporation with the nanoporous and nanostructural biocomposite significantly facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Reconstituted collagen was covered with nano‐(HA and ACP), profoundly impacting the enhancement of biocompatibility on application of implant and tissue engineering. The bioactive nano‐HA/reconstituted collagen‐induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells enables to enhance bone growth/repair and osseointegration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Biodegradable β‐Tri‐Calciumphosphate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate enhanced three component bone adhesive demonstrates biocompatibility without evidence of systemic toxicity in a rabbit model
Authors: Bauer Natali B. , Brinke Nina , Heiss Christian , Skorupa Agnes B. , Peters Fabian , Kraus Ralf , Schnettler Reinhard , Moritz Andreas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBone gluing is an attractive surgical technique; however, its use in patients is hampered by a variety of side effects. Therefore, it was the aim of this ethically approved study to evaluate a novel biodegradable β‐Tri‐Calciumphosphate (β‐TCP, Cerasorb®)‐enhanced bone adhesive regarding its toxicity and biocompatibility in a rabbit model. Fifty healthy New Zealand White rabbits were assigned in the study (n = 21) and sham‐operated control group (n = 29). In the study group, a cylindrical part (4.6 × 10.0 mm) of the proximal tibia and distal femur was removed, reimplanted, and bone adhesive was applied. Blinded physical examination and sampling for hematology, clinical chemistry, and acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, C‐reactive protein (CRP)) was performed before surgery and after 12, 24, 48, 72, 240, and 504 h. Significant findings of the physical examination included a slightly higher grading of warmth (p = 0.0019) and pain (p < 0.0001) of the wound 240 h after surgery in the study group. No significant differences between albumin, haptoglobin, CRP, and urea concentrations in both groups were evident, whereas the study group demonstrated significantly lower leukocyte count, total protein, and globulin concentrations (p < 0.0001). As expected, both groups showed a marked transient increase in muscle enzymes (Creatine Kinase and Aspartate Aminotransferase) following the surgery (p < 0.0001). Twelve to 24 h after surgery, a significant decrease in ionized calcium from 1.38 ± 0.12 mmol/L to 1.06 ± 0.13 mmol/L was noted in the study group (p < 0.0001). The results clearly indicated that the novel β‐TCP‐enhanced bone adhesive showed good biocompatibility without significant evidence of acute or subacute local or systemic toxicity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Natural bone collagen scaffold combined with OP‐1 for bone formation induction in vivo
Authors: Qian Yu , Yao Guanfeng , Lin Zhen , Chen Jimin , Fan Ying , Davey Tamara , Xu Jiake , Zheng Minghao 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe scaffold is a key element to osteogenic tissue engineering as it provides a microenvironment for bone formation. Natural bone collagen scaffold (NBCS) is a novel biomaterial scaffold acid‐extracted from organic human bone. The objective of this study was to characterize NBCS and evaluate the osteoconductivity of the scaffold, in combination with osteogenic protein‐1 (OP‐1), using a rabbit posteolateral lumbar fusion model. Thirty two rabbits were divided into 4 experimental groups, autograft, NBCS alone, OP‐1 alone or NBCS combined with OP‐1. Bone formation was evaluated by micro‐CT, quantitative histological analysis, immunohistochemistry and semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR at 6 weeks postoperatively. By scanning electronic microscope, we showed that NBCS maintains a porous, interconnecting microarchitecture. Micro‐CT analysis demonstrated that NBCS combined with OP‐1 significantly induced (p < 0.01) bone formation at the fusion site as compared to control groups. This was confirmed by quantitative histological analysis which demonstrated that the NBCS combined with OP‐1 significantly enhanced bone matrix area (17.7 mm2) (p < 0.05) and bone marrow cavity size (71.3 mm2) (p < 0.05) as compared to the controls. Immunohistochemical assessment and RT‐PCR also demonstrated that NBCS combined with OP‐1 enhanced type I collagen and osteonectin expression. Together, these results suggest that NBCS is an effective scaffold for osteogenesis, and combined with growth factors such as OP‐1, possesses both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties that are sufficient for bone regeneration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Nondestructive assessment of dentin demineralization using polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography after exposure to fluoride and laser irradiation
Authors: Manesh Saman K. , Darling Cynthia L. , Fried Daniel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT) can be used to image natural and artificial caries in dentin. The purpose of this study was to measure nondestructively the severity of artificial caries lesions in dentin and determine the efficacy of intervention with anticaries agents including fluoride and lasers. Although several studies have assessed the utility of PS‐OCT to image caries lesions in enamel and to quantify the lesion severity, only a few studies have focused on lesions in dentin. In this study, images of artificial dentin lesions on extracted human teeth were acquired with PS‐OCT. Before exposure to an artificial demineralizing solution, three incisions were made on the sample surfaces using either Er:YAG, Nd:YAG (λ = 355 nm), or TEA CO2 lasers and selected areas were treated with topical fluoride to create six unique treatment areas for each of the three laser conditions investigated. The integrated reflectivity and depth of demineralization were calculated for each of the six areas on each sample using the PS‐OCT images. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transverse microradiography (TMR) were used to measure lesion severity on histological thin sections for comparison. PS‐OCT successfully measured the inhibition of demineralization by topical fluoride. Laser irradiation was not particularly effective in increasing or decreasing the rate of dentin demineralization. PLM and TMR corroborated those results. This study demonstrates that PS‐OCT can be used to measure demineralization on dentin surfaces and determine the degree of inhibition of demineralization by anticaries agents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
The effect of three chemical oxidants on subsequent biodegradation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT) in batch slurry reactors
Authors: Cassidy Daniel , Northup Abraham , Hampton Duane 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that chemical oxidation may be compatible with subsequent biodegradation in contaminated soils. To test this, soil contaminated with 2,4‐dinintrotoluene (2,4‐DNT) was treated in batch slurry reactors with (1) ozone, (2) modified Fenton chemistry (MFC), and (3) iron‐activated sodium persulfate (SPS). Chemical and subsequent biological oxidation were monitored, and compared with biodegradation alone. Release of nitrite and nitrate distinguished biological from chemical oxidation of 2,4‐DNT, respectively. DNT‐degrading microorganisms were enumerated. The disappearance of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulated during chemical oxidation was also monitored.RESULTS: In the biological reactor 66% of the 2,4‐DNT was degraded, but further biodegradation was inhibited by nitrite concentrations approaching 18 mmol L−1. At the doses tested, all oxidants achieved chemical oxidation followed by biodegradation, resulting in 98% DNT removal overall. Ozone achieved the greatest DNT removal (70%), but also caused the greatest reduction in DNT degraders and the longest rebound time (60 days) before biodegradation of the remaining DNT and VFAs. SPS resulted in the least DNT removal by chemical oxidation (37%), but showed no obvious rebound period for DNT degraders, and even signs of co‐existing chemical and biological oxidation. By releasing nitrate, which is less toxic than nitrite, the oxidants kept nitrite levels below 18 mmol L−1, enabling the follow‐on biodegradation step to attain lower concentrations of 2,4‐DNT than biodegradation alone.CONCLUSIONS: All three chemical oxidants were compatible with biodegradation of residual 2,4‐DNT. Post‐oxidation bioremediation should be included in remedial designs. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Automated thresholding method (ATM) for biomass fraction determination using FISH and confocal microscopy
Authors: Jubany Irene , Lafuente Javier , Carrera Julián , Baeza Juan A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) together with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is widely used for the analysis and quantification of biomass fractions of activated sludge or biofilm systems in wastewater treatment research. Unlike the FISH technique, the CLSM image analysis and quantification is not generally unique and thus, several manual and automated methods exist that can lead to very different results.RESULTS: A method based on the analysis of negative control images is reported in this paper. Histograms of negative control images were used in the segmentation of positive images (hybridized with FISH probes). The threshold (Ithr) was defined as the minimum intensity value that satisfies the following condition: the proportion of pixels with intensity I ≤ Ithr in the negative control images is greater than or equal to a value α. It was found that the optimal α–value was 99.90% for the specific case studied (nitrifying activated sludge samples) by comparing the automatic thresholding with manual thresholding by three expert operators.CONCLUSION: The method developed was useful for following systematically the evolution of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) fractions in a nitrifying system under changing operating conditions. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Crystal and molecular structure of 8,8‐dimethyl‐8‐azoniabicyclo [5.1.0] octane iodide
Authors: Trefonas L. M. , Towns Robert 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe crystal and molecular structure of 8, 8‐dimethyl‐8‐azoniabicyclo[5.1. 0]octane iodide has been elucidated. The aziridine ring is bridged cis to the cycloheptane ring. The cycloheptane ring has been shown to have a distorted chair conformation. No close trans‐annular hydrogen distances have been observed. The compound crystallizes in the space group Pna21 with unit cell dimensions a = 17.31, b= 8.58 and c=7.56Å. The final value of R=Σ ‖ Fo| ‐ | Fc ‖/Σ| Fo| is 0.145 for the 734 observed reflections.
Aromaticity in heterocyclic systems. II. the application of N.M.R. in a study of the synthesis and structure of certain lmidazo[1,2‐c]pyrimidines and related pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Noell C. Wayne , Robins Roland K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been utilized in several instances to distinguish between ring closure to a derivative of imidazo[1, 2‐c]pyrimidine or pyrrolo[2, 3‐d]pyrimidine. N.m.r. studies have also been employed to select Vc as the most probable structure for 5‐methylthio‐2, 7‐imidazo[1, 2‐c]pyrimidinedione. Ultraviolet absorption spectra and n.m.r. studies in deuterium oxide support the conclusion that there is more aromaticity in the anion V g than in the neutral molecule. The present work describes several new synthetic routes to derivatives of imidazo[1,2‐c]pyrimidine and pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine.
Acylations with the acid chlorides of 2,5‐diphenylfuran‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid and 2,5‐dimethylfuran‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid and related compounds. II
Authors: Nightingale Dorothy V. , Needles Howard L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Friedel‐Crafts acylation of six phenol ethers with 2, 5‐diphenylfuran‐3, 4‐dicarbonyl chloride and with 2, 5‐dimethylfuran‐3, 4‐dicarbonyl chloride yielded 2, 5‐di‐R‐3, 4‐diaroyl‐furans or cyclic diketones. 2,5‐Diphenylfuran‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid anhydride reacted with these ethers to form keto acids.
Analogs of tetrahydrofolic acid. XIII. On the mode of binding of the anilino group of 2‐amino‐5‐(3‐anilinopropyl)‐6‐methyl‐4‐pyrimidinol to dihydrofolic reductase and thymidylate synthetase
Authors: Baker B. R. , Ho Beng‐Thong , Chheda Girish B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSix analogs of 2‐amino‐5‐(3‐anilinopropyl)‐6‐methyl‐4‐pyrimidinol (II) with modifications in the anilino group have been synthesized in order to shed light on the mode of binding of the anilino group to dihydrofolic reductase and thymidylate synthetase. Replacement of the anilino group of II with n‐butylamino (XI) led to great decrease in binding, indicating that the anilino group did not bind to these enzymes in the protonated form. Replacement of the anilino group of II with benzyl gave a compound (XIIb) which was a 26‐fold and 1.5‐fold better inhibitor of dihydrofolic reductase and thymidylate synthetase, respectively; these results indicated that the NH portion of the anilino group contributed less to the enzyme binding than did the benzene ring, and that the latter probably was bound as an electron acceptor in a charge‐transfer complex to an electron‐rich locus on the enzyme. Further evidence was also obtained that the benzene ring was complexing as an electron acceptor by placement of electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing groups on the p‐positions of anilino group, and by N‐acetylation of the anilino group.
Cinnoline chemistry. IX. 5‐, 6‐, 7‐ and 8‐halogen substituted 4‐mercaptocinnolines and related compounds
Authors: Castle Raymond N. , Shoup Regitze R. , Adachi Kikuo , Aldous Duane L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of 4‐mercaptocinnolines (4) monosubstituted with halogen in the benzenoid ring was obtained when the corresponding 4‐hydroxycinnolines were treated with phosphorus pentasulfide in either pyridine or toluene. On prolonged heating in either or the two solvents, the halogen atom in 6‐chloro‐ and 6‐bromo‐4‐hydroxycinnoline was simultaneously substituted with a mercapto group, thus yielding 4,6‐dimercaptocinnoline. Nucleophilic substitution of the halogen atom was also observed in the reaction of 6‐fluoro‐ and 7‐fluoro‐4‐hydroxycinnoline, while 8‐halo‐4‐hydroxycinnoline gave exclusively 8‐halo‐4‐mercapto‐cinnoline. From the reaction of 5‐halo‐4‐hydroxycinnoline the only identified products were 5‐halo‐4‐mercaptocinnolines. Previously unknown 4‐hydroxycinnolines were synthesized. 4‐Alkylmercaptocinnolines and 4,6‐dialkylmercaptocinnolines of pharmacological interest were prepared from the parent mercaptocinnoline or from the corresponding chlorocinnoline.
Synthetic routes to β, β‐diaryl‐α‐amino acids via nitrogen hetercycles
Authors: Filler Robert , Rao Y. Shyamsunder 
Published: March 2009

Abstractβ, β‐Diphenylalanine and its ring‐substituted analogs are prepared from oxazolones, thiazolones, imidazolones, hydantoins, thiohydantoins, and piperazine 2,5‐diones by alkaline ring opening followed by acid cleavage of the N‐benzoyl group. The oxazolone approach, with its variations, offers the most advantageous route to these compounds. Several new amino acids are described.
1,3‐Dithioles and 1,3‐dithiole‐s‐oxides
Authors: Campaigne E. , Haaf F. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract1,3‐Dithioles have been prepared by a new route from α‐haloketones and a gem‐dithiol. The reaction was carried out with aliphatic and aromatic α‐haloketones, which were condensed with 1,3‐diphenylpropane‐2,2‐dithiol to give 2,2‐dibenzyl‐4‐hydroxy‐1,3‐dithiolanes. These intermediates were dehydrated in the presence of acids to 2,2‐dibenzyl‐1, 3‐dithioles. Two of the 2,2‐dibenzyl‐1,3‐dithioles were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to the corresponding S‐dioxides, S‐trioxides, and S‐tetroxides, which were separated by preparative thin layer chromatography. The condensation of 1,3‐diphenylpropane‐2, 2 ‐ dithiol with oxalyl chloride gave 2, 2‐dibenzyl‐1, 3‐dithiolane‐4, 5‐dione. Infrared and n.m.r. data of these compounds confirm the structural assignments.