bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EARLY VARIATIONS OF PLASMA CORTISOL AFTER PULSE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3′,5′-MONOPHOSPHATE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Angeli Alberto , Boccuzzi Giuseppe , Frajria Roberto , Bisbocci Daniela , Ceresa Franco 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
10 mg/kg of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (Db-cAMP) was iv pulse injected into twelve healthy adult women. The plasma cortisol levels were determined as 11-OHCS at zero time and then at 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 180 min after the injection. The data were compared with those obtained at the corresponding times in two groups of eleven and seventeen healthy women after the injection of 250 ng and 250 μg of synthetic β-1-24 corticotrophin performed in the same manner as the injection of the nucleotide. The mean increments in plasma cortisol were significantly lower after Db-cAMP than after ACTH. Differences were noted by analyzing the time course of the responses. In the case of stimulation with Db-cAMP the 11-OHCS levels rose progressively to a maximum at 15–30 min. By contrast, a peak of plasma cortisol was evident in most cases within a few min after the injection of ACTH; after a fall, a later rise was then observed starting from 15 min.
The differences in the plasma 11-OHCS responses after the two stimuli may also be of interest clinically for the investigation of some aspects of adrenal steroidogenesis.
INHIBITION OF OESTROGEN-INDUCED INCREASE IN HEPATIC AND UTERINE GLYCOGEN BY PROGESTERONE IN THE RAT
Authors: Paul P. K. , Duttagupta P. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of progesterone in two different doses (2 mg and 4 mg/rat/day) given alone and in combination with 17β-oestradiol (0.5 μg/rat/day) for 21 days, on ovariectomized rat liver and uterine glycogen were investigated. The food intake and blood glucose level were also studied under these experimental conditions. The liver and uterine glycogen and weight increased during the oestrous stage of the normal rat and following oestrogen treatment of the ovariectomized rat. Progesterone when given in combination with oestrogen inhibited the oestrogen-induced increase in glycogen of these organs and also the weight of the uterus proportionally to the doses. Moreover, progesterone by itself reduced both the concentration and total uterine glycogen of the ovariectomized rat. The food intake and blood glucose level of ovariectomized animals increased after the administration of progesterone alone or in combination with oestrogen. Nevertheless, progesterone alone was more effective in increasing the food intake than in combination with oestrogen, while it was less effective in raising the blood glucose level. It can be concluded from this study that progesterone inhibits the glycogenic effects of oestrogen in the liver and uterus of the ovariectomized rat. Moreover, progesterone by itself inhibits uterine glycogen accumulation in these animals. This glycogenolytic effect of progesterone occurs in the presence of hyperphagia and hyperglycaemia. A possible involvement of the adrenal medulla in these conditions is discussed.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IODINE IN THE AGGREGATION OF SUBUNITS INTO THYROGLOBULIN AND IN THE FORMATION OF 27S IODOPROTEIN
Authors: Sinadinović J. , Jovanović M. , Krainčanić M. , Djurdjević Dj. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The significance of stable iodine in the formation of thyroglobulin (TG) with particular reference to the aggregation of subunits into TG and the formation of 27S iodoprotein has been investigated in guinea-pigs and rabbits.
An increase in the content of iodine in the diet or its parenteral application to normally fed animals results in considerable quantitative and qualitative changes in the soluble thyroid proteins as revealed by analytical ultra-centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Although some differences in the protein patterns between guinea-pigs and rabbits normally exist, the changes induced by single and repeated doses of stable iodine (5–100 μg/day) were characterized by: (a) decrease of light proteins, particularly the 12S protein fraction in the guinea-pig; (b) a marked increase of TG and (c) the appearance of a quantity of 27S iodoprotein. These changes in composition of the thyroid soluble proteins are accompanied by changes in the radioiodine distribution among the protein fractions.
The results obtained suggest that the process of thyroid protein polymerization and the process of their iodination are not independent of each other. The level of the supply of the thyroid gland with iodine under normal iodine metabolic conditions considerably influences both the aggregation of subunits into TG and the formation of 27S iodoprotein. It is likely that 27S iodoprotein is formed when larger quantities of normally iodinated TG are synthesized and stored in the gland.
HORMONOGENESIS IN WHOLE AND SLICED RAT THYROID LOBES MAINTAINED IN ORGAN CULTURES
Authors: Beck R. , Soloveitzik L. , Barzilai D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Whole and sliced thyroid lobes were maintained in organ culture for 22–24 hours. Both whole and sliced lobes were able to take up radio-iodide from the medium and to synthetize a high percentage of iodothyronines. It appears that sliced lobes are more suitable for incubation over long periods since they take up significantly more iodide from the medium.
THE EFFECTS OF AN ALPHA ADRENERGIC BLOCKER ON THYROCALCITONIN ACTIVITY IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS
Authors: Currie G. N. , Black D. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When an alpha adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, was given to rats prior to the administration of a non-effective level of thyrocalcitonin (TC) there resulted a significant fall in serum calcium one hour following TC treatment. This response was observed in two different age groups of female rats but did not occur in male rats.
BIOASSAY OF CALCITONIN BY DETERMINATIONS OF BLOOD CALCIUM-45 LEVELS IN RATS AND MICE
Authors: Melander Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The possibility of measuring calcitonin by determinations of blood 45Ca in young rats and mice was investigated. Blood samples were taken by orbital puncture on conscious animals. In both species blood 45Ca levels fell rapidly during the first 24 h after one sc injection of 45CaCl2. Thereafter, the elimination rate was slow, indicating that an equilibrium state was reached. During this period, single iv injections of highly purified porcine calcitonin induced log-dose-dependent blood 45Ca reductions in both rats and mice. Maximal responses were recorded at 30 min after injection, and the log-dose-response regressions were linear between 0.1 and 5.0 mU in young rats, and between 2.0 and 80.0 mU in young mice. The mean indices of precision were 0.18 and 0.27, respectively.
Blood 45Ca reductions were also recorded on injection of extracts from rat thyroids, cat thyroids and chicken ultimobranchial glands, as well as an injection of plasma from patients with thyroid medullary carcinoma. No reduction in blood 45Ca was obtained by injections of ACTH, TSH, cortisone, thyroxine, or insulin.
The responses to calcitonin were augmented if the animals had had a low calcium intake before the experiment, and/or if the animals were injected with 0.075 m NaH2PO4 immediately before injection of the hormone. Rats were more sensitive than mice to porcine calcitonin and to rat and cat thyroid extracts, while the opposite was true with chicken ultimobranchial extracts. No inter-species difference was recorded with human calcitonin.
The assay appears to be useful for both clinical and experimental purposes.
EFFECT OF POTASSIUM INTAKE ON THE FINAL STEPS OF ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE RAT
Authors: Müller Jürg , Baumann Klaus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Capsular adrenals ("zona glomerulosa") of rats which had been kept on a sodium- and potassium-deficient diet and which were markedly hypokalaemic, converted tritiated corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone, and tritiated cortexolone to cortisol at the same respective rates as the capsular adrenals of sodium- and potassium-replete animals. Aldosterone production from endogenous precursors was elevated under basal conditions of incubation, but not under stimulation by added serotonin. Corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone outputs were normal during incubation with or without serotonin. Capsular adrenals of rats which had been kept first on a potassium-deficient diet for two weeks and then on a sodium- and potassium-deficient diet for two weeks converted 18 times more tritiated corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone and produced 5 times more aldosterone from endogenous precursors than the tissue of rats which had been kept on the potassium-deficient diet for the whole period, although the serum potassium was similarly low in both groups. These results indicate that under simple potassium restriction as well as under combined sodium and potassium restriction, neither the plasma potassium concentration nor the total body potassium is the only regulator of the activity of the enzymes involved in the final steps of aldosterone biosynthesis.
SUBUNITS OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN: AN IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Donini S. , Olivieri V. , Ricci G. , Donini P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The α and β subunits of HCG were prepared by urea-treatment of the hormone and isolated by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography. Further purification of the subunits was achieved by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100.
Partial chemico-physical characterization confirmed the non-identity of the HCG subunits, as previously reported by several investigators.
A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system based on 125I-HCG-β + anti-HCG-β serum was used to study the antigenic similarities between HCG, HCG-α and -β, human pituitary LH, urinary LH and FSH. The highest cross-reactivity was found for HCG, followed by HCG-α, LH and FSH.
The specificity of the above mentioned RIA system was increased by absorbing the anti-HCG-β serum with HCG-α. Because of the ability of this absorbed antiserum to discriminate between HCG and LH, a study was carried out to detect specifically HCG in urine in spite of the presence of physiological amounts of LH.
GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND LIPID SYNTHESIS OF CAUDA EPIDIDYMAL AND EJACULATED BULL SPERMATOZOA IN THE PRESENCE OF SELECTED ANDROGENS
Authors: Voglmayr J. K. , Amann R. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Comparisons were made of the oxidative and glycolytic activity and rate of lipid synthesis between washed cauda epididymal and ejaculated bull spermatozoa in the presence of selected androgens*. No significant difference was observed in the metabolic pattern of the two types of spermatozoa when incubated with no added androgen. With the exception of testosterone, androstenedione and 5β-androstanediol, the added androgens, at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, depressed the oxidative metabolism of epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. Glycolysis in epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa was markedly stimulated in the presence of testosterone, androstendione or androstanedione, and the magnitude of this response was similar in both types of cells. Dihydrotestosterone enhanced glycolysis in ejaculated but not epididymal spermatozoa, whereas 5β-androsterone increased the glycolytic activity only in epididymal spermatozoa. Under anaerobic conditions, only androstanedione was effective in stimulating the rate of glucose dissimilation to lactic acid by epididymal spermatozoa, but exposure to seminal plasma of the epididymal spermatozoa before incubation eliminated this effect on the subsequently washed cells. Epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa incubated with no added androgen incorporated similar amounts of [U-14C] glucose into lipid. The addition of androgens increased or tended to increase lipid biosynthesis from glucose in both types of spermatozoa. Androstanedione was the most effective androgen in altering glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. It is concluded, that, although there are subtle differences between epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa in their response to certain androgens, they are essentially the same cells as judged by their pattern of glucose metabolism.
HYPERTHYROIDISM DUE TO STRUMA OVARII: DEMONSTRATION BY RADIOIODINE SCAN
Authors: Brown Wendy W. , Shetty Kaup R. , Rosenfeld Paul S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 64-year-old woman presented with findings of hyperthyroidism and a pelvic mass, which was demonstrated to concentrate radioiodine. Following surgical removal of a struma ovarii, all symptoms disappeared. This case represents the first reported demonstration of a functioning ovarian struma by means of radioiodine scanning.
STUDIES ON SUSTAINED CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTS WITH SUBCUTANEOUS POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE IMPLANTS
Authors: Benagiano G. , Ermini M. , Carenza L. , Rolfini G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Diffusion of [14C] megestrol acetate from polydimethylsiloxane (PDS) implants was studied in ten human volunteers during a period of one year. In vitro diffusion rates for each capsule were measured in 100 ml of distilled water changed every 24 hours, until constant diffusion was reached.
After insertion of 3 capsules in the subcutaneous tissue of the left arm, approximately 60 to 70 per cent of the total radioactivity excreted daily was present in the urine. Throughout the experiment, diffusion was calculated on the basis of total urinary radioactive metabolites excreted daily. At the beginning of the experiment, the faecal plus urinary radioactivity recovered approached the values obtained under in vitro conditions. However, on subsequent days, a rapid decrease in the diffusion of megestrol acetate from the implants was noticed. Two months after insertion of the capsules, the daily diffusion was decreased to approximately 50 per cent of the initial values.
After the third month, the excretion of urinary metabolites, and therefore the diffusion from the implants, becomes more uniform and stable; from the fourth month onwards the release can be considered as practically constant up to one year.
Nine out of ten volunteers behaved in the same way; the tenth subject showed the same excretion pattern but the absolute excretion values were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than the average.
It is concluded that the in vitro incubation is a reliable way of calculating the in vivo diffusion from PDS capsules inserted in the human, although, for all practical purposes, effective levels attained in the body will be only half of this value. With this important limitation diffusion in the human of megestrol acetate embedded in PDS, can be considered to be constant.
STUDIES ON SUSTAINED CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTS WITH SUBCUTANEOUS POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE IMPLANTS
Authors: Ermini M. , Carpino F. , Russo M. , Benagiano G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro diffusion of [14C] megestrol acetate (MA) was studied before and after the subcutaneous insertion of polydimethylsiloxane implants (PDS) in the human. A certain period of equilibration before diffusion becomes constant is required for newly prepared capsules as well as for those extracted from the subcutaneous tissue within six months of the insertion. On the other hand, in vitro diffusion from capsules that have remained in the human for periods over one year, does not require any equilibration. Up to six months, the release in vitro of megestrol acetate was not significantly changed, whereas it was greatly decreased when capsules were re-incubated following sojourn in the subcutaneous tissue for 18 or 24 months.
A continuous wall of newly formed fibrotic tissue, proliferated in a circular manner was found around the capsules in all the cases studied. This fibrillary tissue was then surrounded by a fibrous adipose layer containing granulomas and giant-cells of the foreign body type.
CONCENTRATIONS OF OESTRADIOL-17β, OESTRONE AND PROGESTERONE IN JUGULAR VENOUS PLASMA OF COWS DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE AND IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Glencross R. G. , Munro I. B. , Senior B. E. , Pope G. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma oestradiol-17β concentrations rise slowly in the late progestational phase of the bovine oestrous cycle before plasma progesterone levels fall and then rise rapidly to a pre-oestrous peak of about 6 pg/ml as progesterone levels fall rapidly. The oestradiol-17β level (on average) falls during oestrus and both steroids show minimum levels 1–2 days after oestrus. Both then rise again, oestradiol-17β to a second peak 6–7 days after the pre-oestrous peak as progesterone level continues to rise.
In a cow in the first 30 days of pregnancy, when plasma progesterone levels remained generally high after the 15th day, the pattern of plasma oestradiol-17β levels was very similar to that expected had it not conceived.
Thus in the cycle and the first 30 days of pregnancy the main oestradiol-17β peaks are found at about 21 day intervals, each being followed by a smaller peak 6–7 days later. Either oestradiol-17β peak may assume a pre-oestrous and pre-ovulatory role in the absence of high plasma progesterone levels.
CHANGES OF PROGESTERONE, TOTAL OESTROGENS, CORTICOSTEROIDS, PROLACTIN AND LH IN BOVINE PERIPHERAL PLASMA AROUND PARTURITION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS CORTICOIDS AND A PROLACTIN INHIBITOR RESPECTIVELY
Authors: Hoffmann B. , Schams D. , Giménez T. , Ender M. L. , Herrmann Ch. , Karg H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma samples from jugular vein blood of cows before, during and after normal or glucocorticoid induced parturition and also in cases treated with a prolactin inhibitor were collected. Total oestrogens, prolactin and LH were determined by radioimmunological techniques, corticoids by competitive protein binding and for progesterone analysis both techniques were used. Progesterone began to decrease 1–2 day before parturition while the corticoid values increased concomitantly. The oestrogen levels remained high, almost until parturition had occurred; they began to decrease very rapidly approximately 5 hours before delivery. Prolactin showed the expected peak just before delivery and LH was constantly low. In the animals treated with a synthetic glucocorticoid or the prolactin inhibitor a temporary suppression of endogenous corticoids or of prolactin resp. was observed; no significant differences could be seen in the values of the other hormones and the physiological performance as compared to a normal delivery. It is concluded that a possible synergistic action of oestrogens and glucocorticoids is involved in the termination of pregnancy in the bovine species.
EFFECT OF THYROTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE ON SERUM LEVELS OF PITUITARY HORMONES IN MEN AND WOMEN
Authors: Torjesen P. A. , Haug E. , Sand T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The rapid iv administration of 0.5 mg of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) increased the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in 20 normal subjects from baseline levels of 2.0 ± 0.5 ng/ml (sem) to peak values of 6.0 ± 0.7 ng/ml (sem) in women and 4.5 ± 0.5 ng/ml (sem) in men. The maximal increase occurred 30 min after TRH. The serum growth hormone (HGH) concentrations increased from baseline levels of 2.6± 1.0 ng/ml (sem) to peak values of 7.8± 1.3 ng/ml (sem) in women. In men there was no rise in the serum HGH concentrations. The serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) did not change significantly.
In patients with hyperthyroidism the serum TSH concentrations did not change following TRH. Patients with primary hypothyroidism showed an exaggerated and prolonged increase in serum TSH concentrations after TRH administration.
A routine TRH-stimulation test is proposed.
EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE-AND FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (LH/FSH-RH) ON SERUM LEVELS OF LH, FSH, THYROTROPHIN (TSH) AND GROWTH HORMONE (HGH) IN NORMAL MALE SUBJECTS
Authors: Haug Egil , Torjesen Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four normal male subjects received iv injections of synthetic luteinizing hormone- and follicle stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) in doses of 12.5, 25, 100, 200 and 400 μg, respectively. A dose of 12.5 μg of LH/FSH-RH caused a significant increase in serum FSH, and 25 μg significantly increased the serum LH.
The peak responses occurred 15 to 30 min after the LH/FSH-RH injections in most of the experiments. The increase in the mean maximum serum LH and FSH levels was 2 to 4 fold. There was great variation in response between the subjects, but when tested repeatedly with the same dose of LH/FSH-RH a given individual responded in a consistent manner. The log dose-response curve between LH/FSH-RH and serum LH, and between LH/FSH-RH and serum FSH was approximately linear.
A small but significant (P < 0.05) rise in serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was found after LH/FSH-RH in doses ranging from 25 to 400 μg. There was no significant rise in serum growth hormone (HGH).
On the basis of the present study a standard 100 μg iv LH/FSH-RH test is suggested.
IN VITRO STEROL AND STEROID BIOGENESIS BY A FEMINIZING ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Mathur R. S. , Williamson H. O. , Moody L. O. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A post-menopausal woman was found to excrete elevated amounts of urinary oestrogens. An adrenal carcinoma was removed and slices incubated in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 with [14C] sodium acetate in combination with either [7α-3H] cholesterol, [7α-3H]dehydroepiandrosterone or [7α-3H]androstenedione. Radiochemically homogeneous tritium labelled oestrone, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol were isolated in each of the three experiments. Carbon-14 activity was incorporated into oestrone in each of the three experiments and into oestriol in one case only. No carbon-14 activity was associated with 17β-oestradiol isolated from any of the three incubations. Oestrone was found to be the predominant oestrogen synthesized in all experiments.
When [14C]sodium acetate and [7α-3H]cholesterol (3H/14C ratio = 0.61) were used as substrates, the following compounds were isolated in a radiochemically homogeneous form (the isotopic ratio in each being shown in parenthesis): cholesterol (13.0), cholesterol sulphate (1.6), pregnenolone (1.0), pregnenolone sulphate (0.2), dehydroepiandrosterone (3.2), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (1.2), Δ5-androstenediol (3.1), Δ5-androstenediol sulphate (isolated as the unconjugated compound following solvolysis of the "disulphate" fraction (0.6), testosterone (1.1), testosterone sulphate (0.6), and oestrone (1.3).
It is concluded that the adrenocortical carcinoma studied was capable of synthesizing oestrone, oestriol and cholesterol sulphate de novo from acetate, and that the steroidogenic processes led to the predominant formation of Δ5-steroid sulphates. Furthermore, a comparison of the isotopic ratios in the various compounds isolated suggests that a number of unusual transformations may have occurred during steroidogenesis by the tumour cells in vitro.