bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UniFAFF: a unified framework for implementing autonomic fault management and failure detection for self‐managing networks
Authors: Chaparadza Ranganai 
Published: August 2008

AbstractToday's network management, as known within the Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security (FCAPS) management framework, is moving towards the definition and implementation of ‘self‐managing’ network functions, with the aim of eliminating or drastically reducing human intervention in some of the complex aspects or daunting tasks of network management. The fault management plane of the FCAPS framework deals with the following functions: fault detection, fault diagnosis, localization or isolation, and fault removal. Task automation is at the very heart of self‐managing (autonomic) nodes and networks, meaning that all functions and processes related to fault management must be automated as much as possible within the functionalities of self‐managing (autonomic) nodes and networks, in order for us to talk about autonomic fault management. At this point in time there are projects calling for implementing new network architectures that are flexible to support on‐demand functional composition for context‐ or situation‐aware networking. A number of such projects have started, under the umbrella of the so‐called clean‐slate network designs. Therefore, this calls for open frameworks for implementing self‐managing (autonomic) functions across each of the traditional FCAPS management planes. This paper presents a unified framework for implementing autonomic fault management and failure detection for self‐managing networks, a framework we are calling UniFAFF. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new family of penalties for augmented Lagrangian methods
Authors: Matioli L. C. , Gonzaga C. C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe study a family of penalty functions for augmented Lagrangian methods, and concentrate on a penalty based on the modified logarithmic barrier function. The convex conjugate of this penalty induces a Bregman distance, and the dual iterates associated with the augmented Lagrangian algorithm correspond to the iterates produced by a proximal point algorithm based on this distance. The global convergence of the dual iterates is then proved. Moreover, the level curves of the quadratic approximation of the dual kernels associated with these penalty functions are the Dikin ellipsoids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalization of the Bott–Duffin inverse and its applications
Authors: Liu Xin‐Guo , Wang Wei‐Guo , Wei Yi‐Min 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe ‘constrained inverse’ was introduced by Bott and Duffin in 1953. Since then various generalizations have arisen. In this paper, we propose a generalization of the Bott–Duffin inverse. Applications of the projection methods for solving sparse linear systems, the truncated methods for solving least squares problems, and solvers for generalized saddle point problems are also presented. The relationships with other generalized Bott–Duffin inverses are explored. The results indicate that the generalized Bott–Duffin inverse may be a useful tool in matrix computations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Material development for dye solar modules: results from an integrated approach
Authors: Hinsch A. , Behrens S. , Berginc M. , Bönnemann H. , Brandt H. , Drewitz A. , Einsele F. , Faßler D. , Gerhard D. , Gores H. , Haag R. , Herzig T. , Himmler S. , Khelashvili G. , Koch D. , Nazmutdinova G. , Opara‐Krasovec U. , Putyra P. , Rau U. , Sastrawan R. , Schauer T. , Schreiner C. , Sensfuss S. , Siegers C. , Skupien K. , Wachter P. , Walter J. , Wasserscheid P. , Würfel U. , Zistler M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we report on the outcome of a German network project conducted with 12 partners from universities and research institutes on the material development of dye solar cells (DSC). We give an overview in the field and evaluate the concept of monolithic DSC further with respect to upscaling and producibility on glass substrates. We have developed a manufacturing process for monolithic DSC modules which is entirely based on screen printing. Similar to our previous experience gained in the sealing of standard DSC, the encapsulation of the modules is achieved in a fusing step by soldering of glass frit layers. For use in monolithic DSC, a platinum free, conductive counter electrode layer, showing a charge transfer resistance of RCT < 1·5 Ω cm2, has been realized by firing a graphite/carbon black composite under an inert atmosphere. Glass frit sealed monolithic test cells have been prepared using this platinum‐free material. A solar efficiency of 6% on a 2·0 cm2 active cell area has been achieved in this case. Various types of non‐volatile imidazolium‐based binary ionic liquid electrolytes have been synthesized and optimized with respect to diffusion‐limited currents and charge transfer resistances in DSC. In addition, quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes have been successfully tested by applying inorganic (SiO2) physical gelators. For the use in semi‐transparent DSC modules, a polyol process has been developed which resulted in the preparation of screen printed, transparent catalytic platinum layers showing an extremely low charge transfer resistance (0·25 Ω cm2). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification and proteomic characterization of plastids from Brassica napus developing embryos
Authors: Jain Renuka , Katavic Vesna , Agrawal Ganesh Kumar , Guzov Victor M. , Thelen Jay J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPlastids are functionally and structurally diverse organelles responsible for numerous biosynthetic reactions within the plant cell. Plastids from embryos have a range of properties depending upon the plant source but compared to other plastid types are poorly understood and therefore, we term them embryoplasts. Isolating intact plastids from developing embryos is challenging due to large starch granules within the stroma and the prevalence of nonplastid, storage organelles (oil bodies and protein storage vacuoles) which compromise plastid integrity and purity, respectively. To characterize rapeseed embryoplasts it was necessary to develop an improved isolation procedure. A new method is presented for the isolation of intact plastids from developing embryos of Brassica napus seeds. Intactness and purity of embryoplast preparations was determined using phase‐contrast and transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting, and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) MS/MS. Eighty nonredundant proteins were identified by MudPIT analysis of embryoplast preparations. Approximately 53% of these proteins were components of photosystem, light harvesting, cytochrome b/f, and ATP synthase complexes, suggesting ATP and NADPH production are important functions for this plastid type.
Use of a library of mutated Maackia amurensis hemagglutinin for profiling the cell lineage and differentiation
Authors: Maenuma Keisuke , Yim Mijung , Komatsu Kunimitsu , Hoshino Mayumi , Takahashi Yoriko , Bovin Nicolai , Irimura Tatsuro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThirty‐five variant lectins were prepared by mutations of two amino acids within the carbohydrate‐recognition domain of Maackia amurensis hemagglutinin (MAH). Each lectin showed unique carbohydrate specificity according to their bindings to soluble polyacrylamide with various mono‐ and oligosaccharides and to glycophorin A. The relative intensity of the bindings of carcinoma, myeloid, fibroblastic, and melanoma cells to immobilized MAH variant lectins was examined. Each cell line showed distinct profiles regarding the number of cells bound to wild‐type and 35 MAH variants and the differences and the similarities in these binding profiles were quantitatively documented by the cluster analysis. The cell lines were classified into several groups and these groups surprisingly corresponded to the lineage of the cells. These results indicated that a library of mutated MAH is useful as a tool for the profiling of various cells based on the variations of the surface glycans.
Focused glycomic analysis of the N‐linked glycan biosynthetic pathway in ovarian cancer
Authors: Abbott Karen L. , Nairn Alison V. , Hall Erica M. , Horton Marc B. , McDonald John F. , Moremen Kelley W. , Dinulescu Daniela M. , Pierce Michael 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer is the deadliest female reproductive tract malignancy in Western countries. Less than 25% of cases are diagnosed when the cancer is confined, however, pointing to the critical need for early diagnostics for ovarian cancer. Identifying the changes that occur in the glycome of ovarian cancer cells may provide an avenue to develop a new generation of potential biomarkers for early detection of this disease. We performed a glycotranscriptomic analysis of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma using human tissue, as well as a newly developed mouse model that mimics this disease. Our results show that the N‐linked glycans expressed in both nondiseased mouse and human ovarian tissues are similar; moreover, malignant changes in the expression of N‐linked glycans in both mouse and human endometrioid ovarian carcinoma are qualitatively similar. Lectin reactivity was used as a means for rapid validation of glycan structural changes in the carcinomas that were predicted by the glycotranscriptome analysis. Among several changes in glycan expression noted, the increase of bisected N‐linked glycans and the transcripts of the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis, GnT‐III, was the most significant. This study provides evidence that glycotranscriptome analysis can be an important tool in identifying potential cancer biomarkers.
Effect of Bacopa monniera Linn. extract on murine immune response in vitro
Authors: Saraphanchotiwitthaya Aurasorn , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Sripalakit Pattana 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe study was to investigate and compare the effects of the Bacopa monniera Linn. extract and bacoside A on the ICR mice immune system in vitro. Splenocyte proliferation without or with mitogen (lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A) and phagocytic activity were assayed. The results showed that B. monniera extract at 0.001–1 mg/mL slightly suppressed splenocyte proliferation (SI 0.7) and decreased T‐lymphocyte proliferation (SI 0.4) at 0.001 and 0.1 mg/mL with concanavalin A. Bacoside A at 0.001 mg/mL gave the highest splenocyte proliferation (SI 1.5) and strongly increased T‐lymphocyte proliferation (SI 2.0) at 0.1 mg/mL with concanavalin A. Thus, it is possible to attribute the effect of B. monniera extract on splenocyte proliferation to the presence of bacoside A with other combined components. However, only B. monniera extract at 10 mg/mL produced a slight increase in lysosomal enzyme activity (PI 1.2), indicating a weak effect on phagocytic activation. It might be concluded that B. monniera manifests various effects on the murine immune system depending on the immune cell types, in accordance with its folklore uses. New assays are being carried out to study its mechanisms and to further investigate its applications in the treatment of human immune mediated diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spirulina platensis protects against gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Karadeniz Ali , Yildirim Abdulkadir , Simsek Nejdet , Kalkan Yildiray , Celebi Fikret 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Spirulina platensis (SP) on gentamicin sulphate (GS)‐induced changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidants in the kidney of rats. Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated in separate groups as follows for 7 consecutive days: control (C), gentamicin sulphate (100 mg/kg i.p.) (GS), Spirulina platensis (1000 mg/kg orally) (SP) and Spirulina platensis (1000 mg/kg orally) plus gentamicin sulphate (100 mg/kg i.p.) (SP + GS). The degree of protection was evaluated by determining the effects of Spirulina platensis on malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and nitric oxide (NO), and plasma creatinine and urea levels were estimated in kidney homogenates to evaluate antioxidant activity, and the kidney was histologically examined as well. Spirulina platensis elicited significant nephroprotective activity by decreasing lipid peroxidation (MDA) and elevated the levels of GSH, SOD, GPX, NO, creatinine and urea. Furthermore, these biochemical observations were supplemented by histological examination of the rat kidneys. In conclusion, the present study indicates a very important role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the relation to renal dysfunction and point to the therapeutic potential of Spirulina platensis in gentamicin sulphate induced nephrotoxicity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoprevention and inhibition of P‐glycoprotein in cancer cells by Chinese medicinal herbs
Authors: Engi Helga , Hohmann Judit , Gang Geng , Pusztai Rozália , Rédei Dóra , Kovács Orsolya , Schelz Zsuzsanna , Molnár Joseph 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMany of the herbal extracts used in the Chinese clinical medical routine inhibit the growth of tumor cells. In the present work, extracts of 12 selected herbs were prepared with methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water, and the effects of these on the multidrug resistance (MDR) and P‐glycoprotein of mouse lymphoma cells transfected with the human mdr1 gene and on a human lung alveolar epithelial cell line were investigated. The extracts were tested for antiproliferative effects, and the reversal of MDR in mouse lymphoma cells. The possible chemopreventive effect of the chloroform extracts was studied on the expression of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate‐early (IE) antigen in human lung cancer cells (A549). The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were tested on some representative micro‐organisms. Certain of the chloroform extracts of the plant materials were the most effective compounds on the reversal of MDR. Two of the chloroform extracts enhanced the antiproliferative effect of doxorubicin on MDR mouse lymphoma cells. The selected extracts did not show any antibacterial effect with the agar diffusion method. Certain chloroform extracts decreased the intermediate IE antigen expression of CMV in A459 cells. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximizing service availability for secure satellite broadcasting
Authors: Di Pietro Roberto , Iannitti Stefano 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCryptography is the most suitable technique to protect the access to subscribed value‐added services for mobile applications provided through satellite broadcasting (e.g. localization and mobile TV). However, if a temporary loss of signal is experienced by receivers, not only the data streaming is compromised, but also the key management‐related messages. Hence, when the signal is received again, it is impossible for the receivers to decrypt it. One way to overcome this issue is the re‐transmission of keys to guarantee that the largest set of legitimate receivers has the updated (set of) keys.In this paper we analyze the problem of key update in a mobile user context in order to maximize the service availability. In particular, we provide the following contributions: we propose a mathematical model that captures all the relevant features of mobile users. Then, we formally prove a few novel results on the structure of the admissible rekeying sequence. These results are used to design a scheduling algorithm for key broadcasting that, according to our model, minimizes the number of mobile users that are prevented from updating their crypto keys, hence continuing accessing the service. Finally, simulation results support our theoretical findings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rainfall propagation impairments for medium elevation angle satellite‐to‐earth 12 GHz in the tropics
Authors: Mandeep J.S. , Hassan S.I.S. , Ain M.F. , Tanaka K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRain attenuation is the dominant propagation impairment for satellite communication systems operating at frequencies above about 10 GHz. The rainfall path attenuation at 12.255 GHz measured at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) for 4 years (2 January to 5 December) is presented. This paper presents an empirical analysis of rain rate and rain attenuation cumulative distribution functions obtained using 1‐min integrated rainfall data and comparison of the measured data with data obtained from well‐established rain model attenuation predictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An interpretive systemic appraisal of corporate social responsibility and learning
Authors: Arias Alejandro Ochoa 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper presents two contexts of meaning to gain systemic comprehension of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from the standpoint of a Systems Thinking Practice, called Interpretive Systemology. The first interpretive context is based on a notion of the social sector affected by the performance of the organization, which will allow us to open a space to explore about the ethical issue regarding a definition of boundaries from a standpoint of the organization and challenging some of the insufficiencies of such perspective to deal with the issue of CSR. The second context of meaning is grounded on searching for a social meaning of the organization through a grasping of it by asking about the practices in which the organization is engaged. This context will allow to approach CSR from a historical–ontological perspective in order to consider CSR as a result of an impoverishment of social practices to hold in the social milieu and the appearance of the organization as a way of providing a weak network of relations that is now compelled to find social legitimacy by addressing an unanswered question about the social order in which the organization appears. A core concept in this second context is social learning understood as a process that is currently undermined by a strong emphasis on training in organizational skills without pursuing a process of social learning as the ground upon which organizational skills are funded and articulated. In this sense, CSR is asked to answer about the production not only of its products and services, but also of other collateral effects or by products, such as how the people become engaged in a giving organizational setting. In this regard, it is claimed that community learning and engagement with the organization is central to enhance the CSR from a holistic perspective. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Getting a grip: Critical systems for corporate responsibility
Authors: Reynolds Martin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThree dilemmas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are described in relation to a proposed triadic critical systems framework based on boundary critique. First, the holistic dilemma of addressing triple bottom line interests in economic, social and environmental issues. This speaks to a ‘framework for understanding’ in making sense of interrelationships between entities in a complex reality (‘getting real’). Second, the dilemma of nurturing cooperation amongst stakeholders having diverse viewpoints. This speaks to a ‘framework for practice’ in fostering engagement between multiple perspectives based on different boundaries (‘getting it right’). A third dilemma of CSR is presented in terms of ‘getting a grip’—a concern that speaks to a ‘framework for responsibility’ in addressing the moral dilemma that any methodology, approach, system or framework can neither be entirely holistic nor appropriately conversant with all perspectives. With this caveat in mind, the paper examines one particularly significant systems tool for addressing CSR dilemmas—critical systems heuristics (CSH). Applying the triadic framework, the potential value of CSH for CSR is surfaced from two contrasting perspectives—the CSR advocate and the CSR adversary. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizations and responsibility: A critical overview
Authors: Maclagan Patrick 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe start from the proposition that organizations' social and environmental policies and practices are influenced as much by stakeholders as by organizational management. Various types of organization–stakeholder relationship are outlined, from market‐based (e.g. ethical consumerism) to participative (e.g. consultation and coalition). This organization–stakeholder network constitutes the problematic system of concern. The concept of responsibility and its attribution is critically considered, as is the likelihood of value‐conflicts between members of this wider system. The tendency for ‘corporate social responsibility’ (CSR) to be managed hierarchically within organizations, characterized by an over‐reliance on enforced codes of conduct is critiqued on ethical and practical grounds. It is argued that individuals require a capacity for moral judgement in applying codes and, more generally, when resolving conflict and dilemmas within the wider system of organization–stakeholder relations. An appropriate approach from ethical theory is therefore offered. The paper concludes with a summary of aspects of CSR to which the systems discipline could usefully contribute. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normal and abnormal development of the fetal anterior fontanelle: a three‐dimensional ultrasound study
Authors: Paladini D. , Vassallo M. , Sglavo G. , Pastore G. , Lapadula C. , Nappi C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the methodology for correct visualization of the anterior fontanelle using three‐dimensional ultrasound, to report its normal development during gestation, and to compare this with abnormal development.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional prospective evaluation of development of the anterior fontanelle in a series of 78 normal fetuses and 47 fetuses with congenital anomalies between 12 and 38 weeks of gestation. The anterior fontanelle was visualized in a mid‐sagittal view of the fetal head, preferably with a pocket of fluid between the fetal head and the uterine wall, to ensure an optimal acoustic window. Visualization using volume contrast imaging mode in the coronal plane (VCI‐C) was preferred to static acquisition of three‐dimensional (3D) volumes, as the former allows real‐time evaluation of the 3D image. Anteroposterior and laterolateral diameters, perimeter and area of the fontanelle were measured offline, with the diameters normalized for biparietal diameter and the perimeter and area normalized for head circumference. The variables were then regressed against gestational age.ResultsThe best fitting regression model to describe the relationships between the fontanelle anteroposterior diameter and area and gestational age was a quadratic one, whereas a simple linear model fitted all remaining variables. All variables showed a positive or biphasic correlation with advancing gestational age, but a negative one after normalization for biparietal diameter or head circumference. Twenty of the 47 fetuses with abnormalities had abnormal (18 enlarged and two reduced) fontanelle dimensions, particularly those with chromosomal or non‐chromosomal syndromes, primary or secondary cardiac overload, primary skeletal dysplasias or central nervous system malformations. Hydrops was not associated with abnormal fontanelle dimensions.ConclusionsWe have described the methodology to obtain correct visualization of the fetal anterior fontanelle. The actual size of the fontanelle increases during gestation, while its size in relation to the volume of the fetal head diminishes, possibly due to the rapid development of the brain hemispheres and the consequent outward growth of the calvarial bones. The fact that enlarged fontanelle dimensions may be associated with certain fetal abnormalities may be employed advantageously in the differential diagnosis of some syndromic conditions in utero. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.