bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: de Wit Maartie , Pouwer Frans , Gemke Reinoud J.B.J. , Delemarre-van de Waal Henriette A. , Snoek Frank J. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—It is recommended that the psychological status of adolescents with diabetes be assessed periodically as part of ongoing care. The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is a short self-report instrument that appears suitable for this purpose. This study is the first to assess the reliability and validity of the WHO-5 in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Ninety-one adolescents with type 1 diabetes (aged 13–17 years) from four pediatric clinics completed the WHO-5, along with other psychological measures: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale (DFCS), and the mental health and self-esteem subscales of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ-CF87). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis were conducted. Readability, homogeneity, and item-total and inter-item correlations were determined. Concurrent validity was examined by calculating correlation coefficients among all measures. Sensitivity and specificity of the WHO-5 were tested against those for the CES-D using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
RESULTS—CFA confirmed the one-factor structure; Cronbach's α of this 5-item scale was 0.82. The WHO-5 showed a moderate to strong correlation with the CES-D (r = −0.67), with the mental health (r = 0.60) and self-esteem (r = 0.43) subscales of the CHQ-CF87, and with the DFCS (r = −0.34), confirming concurrent validity. ROC curve analysis confirmed the WHO-5 cutoff point of &lt;50 for identification of mild to severe depressive affect (sensitivity 89% and specificity 86%).
CONCLUSIONS—The WHO-5 is a brief, patient-friendly measure of positive well-being with good psychometric properties that appears suitable for routine use in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Relationships Between Estimates of Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Large Group of Nondiabetic Korean Adults
Authors: Sung Ki Chul , Ryan Marno C. , Kim Bum Soo , Cho Yong Kyun , Kim Byung Ik , Reaven Gerald M. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major health problem in parallel with an increasing prevalence of obesity. Insulin resistance and abdominal and overall adiposity are closely associated with NAFLD; however, the interplay between them in the relationship with NAFLD is unclear, especially in nondiabetic individuals.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Abdominal ultrasound, hepatitis serology, and measurements of fasting plasma insulin (FPI), lipid concentrations, overall obesity (BMI), and abdominal obesity (waist circumference) were performed in 56,249 Korean subjects.
RESULTS—After rigorous exclusion criteria, 36,654 nondiabetic subjects (54% male) were enrolled. Subjects were divided into control (no fatty liver on ultrasound, serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] &lt;30 units/l [men] or &lt;19 units/l [women]), fatty liver with normal ALT (FL-NALT), and fatty liver with a high ALT (FL-HALT) groups. After adjusting for age, BMI, and waist circumference, FPI and ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C ratio) were significantly higher in the FL-NALT than in the control group and even higher in the FL-HALT group. Odds ratios for the presence of FL-HALT with increasing quartiles of FPI and TG/HDL-C ratio were increased five- to sevenfold over those of the control group, independent of age, BMI, and waist circumference.
CONCLUSIONS—In this large population of individuals of Korean ancestry, results indicate that while overall (BMI) and abdominal (waist circumference) overweight/obesity are associated with features of NAFLD, surrogate estimates of insulin resistance, FPI concentration, and TG/HDL-C ratio predict NAFLD independently of age, BMI, and waist circumference.
Effect of Initial Combination Therapy With Sitagliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, and Metformin on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Goldstein Barry J. , Feinglos Mark N. , Lunceford Jared K. , Johnson Jeremy , Williams-Herman Debora E. ,   for the Sitagliptin 036 Study Group
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—To assess the efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control on diet and exercise.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, 1,091 patients with type 2 diabetes and A1C 7.5–11% were randomized to one of six daily treatments: sitagliptin 100 mg/metformin 1,000 mg (S100/M1000 group), sitagliptin 100 mg/metformin 2,000 mg (S100/M2000 group), metformin 1,000 mg (M1000 group), metformin 2,000 mg (M2000 group) (all as divided doses administered twice daily [b.i.d.]), sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. (S100 group), or placebo. Patients who had an A1C &gt;11% or a fasting glucose value &gt;280 mg/dl after the run-in period were not eligible to be randomized; these patients could participate in an open-label substudy and were treated with S100/M2000 for 24 weeks.
RESULTS—The mean baseline A1C was 8.8% in the randomized patients. The placebo-subtracted A1C change from baseline was −2.07% (S100/M2000), −1.57% (S100/M1000), −1.30% (M2000), −0.99% (M1000), and −0.83% (S100) (P &lt; 0.001 for comparisons versus placebo and for coadministration versus respective monotherapies). The proportion of patients achieving an A1C &lt;7% and &lt;6.5% was 66 and 44%, respectively, in the S100/M2000 group (P &lt; 0.001 vs. S100 or M2000). For the open-label cohort (n = 117; baseline A1C 11.2%) treated with S100/M2000, the within-group mean A1C change from baseline was −2.9%. The incidence of hypoglycemia was low (0.5–2.2%) across active treatment groups and not significantly different from that in the placebo group (0.6%). The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse experiences was similar for coadministration therapies compared with their respective metformin monotherapy.
CONCLUSIONS—The initial combination of sitagliptin and metformin provided substantial and additive glycemic improvement and was generally well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Increase in Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Is Associated With Reduced Metabolic Risk Independent of Change in Fatness and Fitness
Authors: Ekelund Ulf , Franks Paul W. , Sharp Stephen , Brage Søren , Wareham Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—We sought to examine whether change in physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is associated with change in metabolic risk factors and whether this association is independent of change in fat mass and aerobic fitness.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a population-based sample of 176 men and 217 women followed prospectively for 5.6 years, we measured PAEE by individually calibrated heart rate monitoring, aerobic fitness, total body fat (fat mass), and metabolic risk factors (blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, insulin, and 2-h glucose) at baseline and follow-up.
RESULTS—A 100 J · kg fat-free mass (FFM)−1 · min−1 increase in PAEE from baseline to follow-up reduced triglycerides by 3.5% (95% CI 0.03–5.7) in men and 3.2% (0.02–5.4) in women, fasting insulin by 5.3% (1.0–7.5) in men and women, and 2-h glucose by 3.2% (0.3–5.3) in men and 3.1% (0.3–5.2) in women, after adjustment for sex, age, smoking status, aerobic fitness, baseline phenotype, and change in fat mass. In general, the magnitudes of association for change in fat mass with metabolic risk factors were two to three times stronger than for PAEE.
CONCLUSIONS—Increasing levels of physical activity may protect against metabolic disease even in the absence of improved aerobic fitness and reduced body fatness. Therefore, the combination of increasing levels of physical activity and avoidance of gain in fat mass is likely to be the most successful approach for preventing cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
Locomotor Behavior
Authors: Pierce R. Christopher , Kalivas Peter W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe study of locomotor activation in rodents does not involve extensive learning or conditioning, and so this dependent measure is often used as the initial screen for pharmacological effects predictive of therapeutic efficacy of a drug class in humans. Methods for evaluating locomotor behavior in rodents fall into two general categories: automated monitoring of behavior and direct observational techniques. This unit presents protocols for measurement of locomotor activity using photocell‐based automated monitoring systems, and direct observation using interval and ordinal scales. Other methods used to quantify locomotor activity include video‐based systems, rotometers, and running wheels; these are discussed in the commentary. The protocols provided are designed for rats, although they can easily be adapted for use with mice and other rodents. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 40:8.1.1‐8.1.9. © by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Situ Hybridization and Detection Using Nonisotopic Probes
Authors: Knoll Joan H.M. , Lichter Peter , Bakdounes Khldoun , Eltoum Isam‐Eldin A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNonisotopic in situ hybridization can be used to determine the cellular location and relative levels of expression for specific transcripts within cells and tissues. RNA in specimen preparations is hybridized with a biotin‐ or digoxigenin‐labeled probe, which is generally detected by fluorescence or enzymatic methods. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), probably the most widely used method, is described here, along with amplification of weak FISH signals. Nonisotopic probes can also be detected by enzymatic reactions using horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, as described here. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 79:14.7.1‐14.7.17. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ChIP‐chip for Genome‐Wide Analysis of Protein Binding in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Barrera Leah O. , Ren Bing 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChIP‐chip combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with microarrays (chip) to determine protein‐DNA interactions occurring in living cells. The high throughput nature of this method makes it an ideal approach for identifying transcription factor targets or chromatin modification sites along the genome. UNIT 21.9 describes a protocol for analysis of protein‐DNA interactions in yeast cells. This unit introduces an alternative protocol developed for mammalian cells. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 79:21.13.1‐21.13.22. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Production and Titration of Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Salmon Patrick , Trono Didier 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLentiviral vectors have emerged over the last decade as powerful, reliable and safe tools for stable gene transfer in a wide variety of mammalian cells. Unlike other vectors derived from oncoretroviruses, they allow for stable gene delivery into most nondividing primary cells. This is why LVs are becoming useful and promising tools for future gene and cell therapy approaches. Lentivectors (LVs) derived from HIV‐1 have gradually evolved to display many desirable features aimed at increasing both their safety and their versatility. These latest designs are reviewed in this unit. This unit also describes protocols for production and titration of LVs that can be implemented in a research laboratory setting, with an emphasis on standardization to improve transposability of results between laboratories Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 54:12.10.1‐12.10.24. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detection of Hypo‐N‐Glycosylation Using Mass Spectrometry of Transferrin
Authors: O'Brien John F. , Lacey Jean M. , Bergen H. Robert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMany congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) can be diagnosed by observing the extent of glycosylation of the abundant serum glycoprotein transferrin (Trf). Trf is an N‐glycosylated protein with two asparagine glycation sites. CDG types I are those genetic defects which occur prior to transfer of the complex oligosaccharide to the acceptor asparagine in the cotranslated polypeptide chain. CDG Ia constitutes by far the most frequent form of CDG and is the result of mutations in the phosphomannomutase gene. CDG Ia and the Ib subtype (Phosphomannoisomerase deficiency) result in low cellular mannose‐1‐phosphate levels, a required precursor for oligosaccharide assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum. The deficiency in oligosaccharides with branched mannose structures is thereafter expressed by the appearance of glycoproteins with unoccupied N‐glycosylation sites (hypoglycosylation). Currently, there have been at least 11 Type I defects, type Ia being by far the most frequently occurring. Most, if not all type I defects result in unoccupied N‐glycation sites. Hypoglycosylated Trf, also known as carbohydrate‐deficient Trf (CDT), can be detected using mass spectrometry (MS) to measure the masses of the serum Trf. The methods for sample preparation using affinity chromatography and MS analysis are described in this unit. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 54:17.4.1‐17.4.9 © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Differentiation of Distal Lung Epithelium from Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Van Vranken Benjamin E. , Rippon Helen J. , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali , Trounson Alan O. , Bishop Anne E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe potential for embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into cells with a distal lung epithelial phenotype has been demonstrated using different in vitro culture methods. Three separate protocols are described here that utilize both murine and human ES cells. The distal lung epithelial phenotype is induced through the use of embryonic distal lung mesenchyme in coculture systems with differentiating embryoid bodies or the use of soluble factors in defined media to maximize definitive endoderm formation and select and maintain the desired phenotype. Phenotypic analysis is demonstrated using immunocytochemistry and SP‐C promoter‐eGFP reporter gene expression in transgenic ES cells. These methods provide an increased efficiency of distal lung epithelial derivation from ES cells and, therefore, they provide the foundation for the development of a cell replacement product to treat chronic lung disease or a useful in vitro model for the study of lung disease and development. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 2:1G.1.1‐1G.1.22. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The relationship between impulsive verbal aggression and intermittent explosive disorder
Authors: McCloskey Michael S. , Lee Royce , Berman Mitchell E. , Noblett Kurtis L. , Coccaro Emil F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntermittent explosive disorder (IED) is the sole psychiatric diagnostic category for which aggression is a cardinal symptom. IED focuses on physical aggression, but researchers have argued for the inclusion of verbal aggression (VA) (e.g., arguing, threatening) as a part of the IED criteria set. The utility of VA in identifying clinically relevant aggression, however, is unknown. IED participants were compared to individuals without a marked history of physical aggression, but who report frequent (two or more times a week) VA, and non‐aggressive personality‐disorder individuals on behavioral and self‐report measures of aggression, self‐report measures of related constructs (e.g., anger, affective lability), and a clinician assessment of psychosocial impairment. Both the IED and VA groups were more aggressive, angry, and clinically impaired than personality‐disorder individuals, while the IED and VA groups did not differ from each other on these measures. These results support the clinical importance of frequent VA for future iterations of the IED criteria set. Aggr. Behav. 34:51–60, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impulsive and premeditated subtypes of aggression in conduct disorder: differences in time estimation
Authors: Dougherty Donald M. , Dew Rachel E. , Mathias Charles W. , Marsh Dawn M. , Addicott Merideth A. , Barratt Ernest S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearch aimed at identifying and studying subtypes of aggression have historically dichotomized aggressive subtypes, although specific nomenclature has varied; one approach has been to classify aggressive behavior as predominantly impulsive or predominantly premeditated. There are a number of behavioral and cognitive differences between those exhibiting these different forms of aggression. This study was designed to extend understanding of the impulsive/premeditated aggression dichotomy by comparing time estimation among adolescents exhibiting predominantly impulsive or predominantly premeditated forms of physical aggression who have a psychiatric diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD). Time estimation has previously been shown to be disrupted in impulsive and some aggressive individuals. Time estimation was compared between healthy Controls (n = 37) and two groups of adolescents with CD, those with histories of either predominantly impulsive (CD‐Impulsive, n = 26) or predominantly premeditated (CD‐Premeditated, n = 38) aggressive behaviors. Participants completed five computerized trials during which they estimated when 1 min had passed. Among aggressive adolescents with CD, the misperception of time was specific to those with histories of impulsive aggression, although time estimates improved with repeated testing and performance feedback. This study confirms the importance of considering the role and type of physical aggression when studying heterogeneous diagnostic groups like CD and supports the relevance of time estimation to certain subgroups of adolescents with CD. Aggr. Behav. 33:574–582, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite–Drug Nanocrystals as Potential Bone Substitutes with Antitumor Drug Delivery Properties
Authors: Palazzo B. , Iafisco M. , Laforgia M. , Margiotta N. , Natile G. , Bianchi C. L. , Walsh D. , Mann S. , Roveri N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis Full Paper investigates the adsorption and desorption of the anticancer drugs cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP, cisplatin) and the new platinum(II) complex di(ethylenediamineplatinum)medronate (DPM), as well as the clinically relevant bisphosphonate alendronate, towards two biomimetic synthetic HA nanocrystalline materials with either plate‐shaped (HAps) or needle‐shaped (HAns) morphologies and different chemico‐physical properties. The adsorption and desorption kinetics are dependent on the specific properties of the drugs and the morphology of the HA nanoparticles. Adsorption of the platinum complexes occurs with retention of the nitrogen ligands but the chloride ligands of cisplatin are displaced. Despite their opposite charges, the negatively charged alendronate bisphosphonate and the positively charged aquated cisplatin are strongly adsorbed, while the neutral DPM complex shows lower affinity towards the negatively charged apatitic surface. The data suggest that adsorption of the two platinum complexes is driven by electrostatic attractions, while interaction between the alendronate and the HA surface takes place by ligand exchange in which the two phosphonate groups of the drug molecule replace two surface phosphate groups. Significantly, adsorption of positively charged hydrolysis species of cisplatin is more favored on the phosphate‐rich HAns surface while adsorption of negatively charged alendronate is more favored on the calcium‐rich HAps surface. The latter type of short‐range electrostatic interactions also appear to dominate the desorption kinetics; consequently, drug release is greater for neutral DPM than for charged alendronate and aquated cisplatin. Moreover, while the release per unit area of charged species is the same for the two types of HAs, the release of DPM is faster from HAns, which is lower in surface calcium, than for HAps. Overall, this work demonstrates that the properties of HA nanocrystals can be modulated in such a way to produce HA/biomolecule conjugates tailored for specific therapeutic applications.
Heat Treatment of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsules: A Versatile Method for Encapsulation
Authors: Köhler K. , Sukhorukov G. B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA simple and generally applicable method of encapsulation in polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules based on temperature‐induced rearrangements within the shells is introduced. Using capsules consisting of eight layers of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) as a model system, it is demonstrated that the permeability for different molecules decreases dramatically after heat incubation by using a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements. The decreased permeability results from capsule shrinkage with accompanying wall thickening and densification of the shells. These morphological changes upon heating can be utilized to encapsulate molecules of varying hydrodynamic radius as well as substances bearing different charges as shown for fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled dextran (FITC dextran) 10 and 70 kDa and poly(acrylic) acid (PAA) 30 kDa. The encapsulated amount of dextran was quantified by fluorescence measurements and exhibits a nearly linear increase with the initial probe concentration. Furthermore we show that encapsulation by heat‐shrinkage works also for biodegradable capsules consisting of poly(arginine) (PArg) and dextransulfate (DS) indicating the versatility of the new method.
Mechanical Reinforcement of Polyethylene Using Polyethylene‐Grafted Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yang B.‐X. , Pramoda K. P. , Xu G. Q. , Goh S. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe incorporation of carbon nanotubes to a polymer generally improves the stiffness and strength of the polymer, but the ductility and toughness of the polymer are compromised in most cases. Here we report the mechanical reinforcement of polyethylene (PE) using polyethylene‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PE‐g‐MWNTs). The stiffness, strength, ductility and toughness of PE are all improved by the addition of PE‐g‐MWNTs. The grafting of PE onto MWNTs enables the well‐dispersion of nanotubes in the PE matrix and improves MWNT/PE interfacial adhesion. The grafting was achieved by a reactive blending process through melt blending of PE containing 0.85 wt % of maleic anhydride and amine‐functionalized MWNTs. The reaction between maleic anhydride and amine groups, as evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, leads to the grafting of PE onto the nanotubes.
Treatment options in skeletal localizations of hairy cell leukemia: A systematic review on the role of radiation therapy
Authors: Filippi Andrea R. , Franco Pierfrancesco , Marinone Carlo , Tarella Corrado , Ricardi Umberto 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSkeletal localizations are a rare complication in hairy cell leukaemia patients, with an extimated incidence of 3%. These lesions, mainly osteolytic, can occur at various sites and are almost always symptomatic. Localized radiation therapy (RT) has been extensively used as effective palliative treatment in such cases, with different total doses and fractionation schedules. In this article, a systematic review of all reported cases with osseous complications is presented, to underline the role of RT and to define the most appropriate approach in this subset of patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.