bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of blood flow values determined by arterial spin labeling: A validation study in isolated porcine kidneys
Authors: Warmuth Carsten , Nagel Stefan , Hegemann Oliver , Wlodarczyk Waldemar , Lüdemann Lutz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeTo validate the accuracy of quantitative blood flow values determined using pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) in the preserved and reperfused porcine kidney.Materials and MethodsEx vivo porcine kidneys were perfused with whole blood under physiological conditions, in particular including pulsatile flow. Total flow through the kidney was determined using an ultrasound flowmeter. ASL measurements at two different inversion times and four different flow rates in the range of 70–210 mL/100 mL*minute were performed. Absolute values of blood flow and arterial transit times were determined in the kidney cortex.ResultsThe quantitative values were in good agreement with the reference values obtained after calibration of the total flow. The greatest difference observed was 13%.ConclusionIsolated organ hemoperfusion allows validating perfusion imaging techniques. The experimental setup enables long‐term radiotherapeutic or toxicological studies using noninvasive ASL to monitor blood flow quantitatively. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:353–358. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishing a baseline phase behavior in magnetic resonance imaging to determine normal vs. abnormal iron content in the brain
Authors: Haacke E. Mark , Ayaz Muhammad , Khan Asadullah , Manova Elena S. , Krishnamurthy Bharani , Gollapalli Lakshman , Ciulla Carlo , Kim I. , Petersen Floyd , Kirsch Wolff 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeTo establish a baseline of phase differences between tissues in a number of regions of the human brain as a means of detecting iron abnormalities using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsA fully flow‐compensated, three‐dimensional (3D), high‐resolution, gradient‐echo (GRE) susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) sequence was used to collect magnitude and phase data at 1.5T. The phase images were high‐pass‐filtered and processed region by region with hand‐drawn areas. The regions evaluated included the motor cortex (MC), putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), caudate nucleus (CN), substantia nigra (SN), and red nucleus (RN). A total of 75 subjects, ranging in age from 55 to 89 years, were analyzed.ResultsThe phase was found to have a Gaussian‐like distribution with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.046 radians on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis. Most regions of interest (ROIs) contained at least 100 pixels, giving a standard error of the mean (SEM) of 0.0046 radians or less. In the MC, phase differences were found to be roughly 0.273 radians between CSF and gray matter (GM), and 0.083 radians between CSF and white matter (WM). The difference between CSF and the GP was 0.201 radians, and between CSF and the CN (head) it was 0.213 radians. For CSF and the PUT (the lower outer part) the difference was 0.449 radians, and between CSF and the RN (third slice vascularized region) it was 0.353 radians. Finally, the phase difference between CSF and SN was 0.345 radians.ConclusionThe Gaussian‐like distributions in phase make it possible to predict deviations from normal phase behavior for tissues in the brain. Using phase as an iron marker may be useful for studying absorption of iron in diseases such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), Alzheimer's, and multiple sclerosis (MS), and other iron‐related diseases. The phases quoted here will serve as a baseline for future studies that look for changes in iron content. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:256–264. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micellization and the Surface Hydrophobicity of Amphiphilic Poly(vinylphenol)‐block‐Polystyrene Block Copolymers
Authors: Tung Pao‐Hsaing , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Chan Shih‐Chien , Hsu Chih‐Hao , Wang Chih‐Feng , Chang Feng‐Chih 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe self‐assembly of PVPh‐b‐PS in different solvents was studied. Upon replacing toluene by THF as the solvent, the morphology of the resulting aggregates change from core‐shell spheres, rod‐like micelles and vesicles to onion‐like aggregates. With increasing block copolymer concentration, morphologies such as honeycomb‐like films, surfaces of aggregated large porous spheres, or pincushion‐like spheres with protruding tubular vesicle aggregates are observed. These surface‐patterned films show significantly enhanced hydrophobicity. The results suggest that a superhydrophobic behavior can be achieved, with a maximum contact angle of 158°, by using the pincushion‐like micellar structure.magnified image
Hyperbranched Poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene)s
Authors: Mendez James D. , Schroeter Michael , Weder Christoph 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHyperbranched poly(p‐phenylene ethynylenes) (HB‐PPEs) were synthesized in an A2 + B3one‐pot approach by the Pd/Cu‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐bis‐(octyloxy)benzene and 1,2,4‐tribromobenzene. Reaction conditions were varied with the objective to obtain well‐defined HB‐PPEs of different molecular weights. HB‐PPEs with$\overline M _{\rm w}$from 11 000 to 237 000 g · mol−1and PDIs of 1.5–10.7 were prepared. All polymers that comprised unreacted ethynyl groups eventually became insoluble upon drying, presumably as a result of solid‐state cross‐linking. This reaction could be prevented by endcapping the polymers with an excess of 4‐iodotoluene.magnified image
Functionalized Thermo‐Responsive Poly(vinyl ether) by Living Cationic Random Copolymerization of Methyl Vinyl Ether and 2‐Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether
Authors: Confortini Ondine , Du Prez Filip E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe living cationic random copolymerization of MVE and CEVE to obtain functionalized thermo‐responsive PMVE as precursors for more complex PMVE‐containing polymer structures is reported. The random copolymers P(MVE‐co‐CEVE) were synthesized at 0 °C in toluene using the DEE/TMSI/ZnI2 initiating system. The monomer reactivity ratios of these copolymers are determined according to the extended Kelen‐Tüdõs procedure: rCEVE = 0.48 ± 0.04 and rMVE = 0.76 ± 0.05. The cloud point temperatures of the random copolymers are found to depend strongly on the composition of the copolymer and disappeared at CEVE contents above 3 mol‐%.magnified image
Novel Hyperbranched Phthalocyanine as a Hole Injection Nanolayer in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Tae‐Woo , Kwon Young , Park Jong‐Jin , Pu Lyoungsun , Hayakawa Teruaki , Kakimoto Masa‐aki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel organic hyperbranched copper phthalocyanine was synthesized for use as a hole injection nanolayer on ITO in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). This material is soluble in organic solvents which allows for processing under anhydrous conditions, unlike water based conventional polymer hole injection layer materials such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)/polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). The hyperbranched layer increased the luminous efficiency and brightness of single layer OLED devices, in addition to reducing current leakage which causes crosstalk in panel devices, compared to devices prepared from PEDOT/PSS. Therefore, this material is more suitable for OLED applications due to its processing and performance advantages over conventional commercial conducting polymer compositions.magnified image
Solutions through nonclassical potential symmetries for a generalized inhomogeneous nonlinear diffusion equation
Authors: Gandarias M. L. , Bruzón M. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a class of generalized diffusion equations which are of great interest in mathematical physics. For some of these equations that model fast diffusion, nonclassical and nonclassical potential symmetries are derived. These symmetries allow us to increase the number of solutions. These solutions are unobtainable neither from classical nor from classical potential symmetries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous velocity fields for the T‐bar problem
Authors: Klar Assaf , Osman Ashraf S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of T‐bar penetration. New kinematically admissible velocity fields are derived from elastic solutions of incompressible material using Airy stress function. These velocity fields are used to obtain upper bounds to collapse loads. Two particular solutions are presented, one for a rough contact surface between the T‐bar and soil and the other for a smooth contact surface. The merit of the solutions is that within the boundaries of the velocity field, the soil is required to shear compatibly and continuously. Therefore,
these solutions can easily be combined with the strain path method to estimate rate and softening effects. Analysis including consideration of strain rate effect showed that the new mechanisms predict, under certain conditions, lower values than previously published upper bound solutions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the tension‐free vaginal tape procedure (TVT) affect the voiding function over time? Pressure‐flow studies 1 year and 3½ years after TVT
Authors: Sander Pia , Sørensen Flemming , Lose Gunnar 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the voiding function over time after the TVT procedure for stress incontinence.Materials and MethodsThirty‐eight women with urodynamic stress urinary incontinence were included in the study. For voiding function assessment the patients were asked if voiding had changed postoperatively, and objectively uroflowmetry, residual urine measurement and pressure‐flow were performed preoperatively, 1 year and 3½ years postoperatively.ResultsAt 1/3½ years follow‐up 87%/69% were subjectively cured and 13%/26% improved, respectively. The objective cure rate was 89%/74%. Subjectively 77%/63% of the patients felt an altered voiding function towards more difficult voiding one and 3½ years after surgery, respectively. Objectively all the uroflowmetry variables deteriorated and residual urine volume increased over time although the changes were not statistically significant between the 1 and 3½ years follow‐up. Pressure‐flow variables were essentially unchanged.ConclusionThe changes in voiding function after a TVT do not reverse over time. This may imply a potential risk of development of clinically important impaired emptying function. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:995–997, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fracture and fragmentation of simplicial finite element meshes using graphs
Authors: Mota Alejandro , Knap Jaroslaw , Ortiz Michael 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn approach for the topological representation of simplicial finite element meshes as graphs is presented. It is shown that by using a graph, the topological changes induced by fracture reduce to a few, local kernel operations. The performance of the graph representation is demonstrated and analyzed, using as reference the three‐dimensional fracture algorithm by Pandolfi and Ortiz (Eng. Comput. 1998; 14(4):287–308). It is shown that the graph representation initializes in O(N) time and fractures in O(N) time, while the reference implementation requires O(N) time to initialize and O(N) time to fracture, where NE is the number of elements in the mesh and NI is the number of interfaces to fracture. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How should we estimate driving pressure to measure interrupter resistance in children?
Authors: Seddon P. , Wertheim D. , Bridge P. , Bastian‐Lee Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInterrupter resistance (Rint) is a widely used measure of airway caliber, but concerns remain about repeatability and sensitivity. Some Rint variability may derive from the linear back‐extrapolation algorithm (LBE 30/70) usually used to estimate driving pressure. To investigate whether other methods of estimating driving pressure could improve repeatability and sensitivity, we studied 39 children with asthma. Two measurements of Rint—each the median of 10 interruptions—were made 5 min apart, and 14 children had a third measurement after bronchodilator (RintBD). Mouth pressure transients were analyzed using several algorithms, to compare the magnitude, repeatability, and sensitivity to bronchodilator change of Rint values yielded. Algorithms taking driving pressure from later in the transient, predictably, yielded higher values of Rint than those which back‐extrapolated to time of valve closure. Algorithms which did not rely on back‐extrapolation, including mean oscillation pressure (MOP) and mean plateau pressure (MP 30/70) had better repeatability. Sensitivity to detect change, calculated as ratio of bronchodilator response to repeatability coefficient (ΔRint/CR), was also better for non‐extrapolating algorithms: MP 30/70 1.67, LBE 30/70 1.28 (P = 0.0004). Measuring Rint using techniques other than conventional back‐extrapolation may give more consistent and clinically useful results, and these approaches merit further exploration. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:757–763. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toxicity of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to avocado thrips in nursery avocado trees
Authors: Byrne Frank J , Toscano Nick C , Urena Anthony A , Morse Joseph G 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe efficacies of four systemic neonicotinoid insecticides applied to potted avocado trees at manufacturer‐recommended rates were assessed against the avocado thrips, Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara. At the time of treatment, fully expanded first‐flush young leaves were tagged for identification, and a proportion of these leaves was used in bioassays with second‐instar thrips. At 7 weeks post‐treatment, a second flush of leaves had fully expanded on the trees, and these leaves were included in additional bioassays comparing avocado thrips mortality on both first‐ and second‐flush leaves. In bioassays with first‐flush leaves, imidacloprid (273 mg AI pot−1) was the most effective insecticide, providing at least 70% mortality of thrips for 14 weeks. Thiamethoxam (137 mg AI pot−1), clothianidin (109 mg AI pot−1) and dinotefuran (241 mg AI pot−1) provided good control in bioassays that were conducted within 4 weeks of treatment, but thereafter their efficacies were inconsistent. In bioassays with second‐flush leaves, imidacloprid provided at least 70% mortality up to 9 weeks after the insecticide application. Thereafter, mortality declined to 30% or lower. Bioassays with second‐flush leaves collected from trees treated with thiamethoxam, clothianidin and dinotefuran resulted in unacceptably low thrips mortality. Monitoring of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam residues by ELISA showed that the greater persistence of imidacloprid in both first and second leaf flushes was due to a steadier uptake of this material. Although thiamethoxam residues rose quickly within the first leaf flush, levels had already begun to dissipate by the time the second leaf flush had started to develop. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Partition testing in dose–response studies with multiple endpoints
Authors: Liu Yi , Hsu Jason , Ruberg Stephen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDose–response studies with multiple endpoints can be formulated as closed testing or partition testing problems. When the endpoints are primary and secondary, whether the order in which the doses are to be tested is pre‐determined or sample determined lead to different partitioning of the parameter space corresponding to the null hypotheses to be tested. We use the case of two doses and two endpoints to illustrate how to apply the partitioning principle to construct multiple tests that control the appropriate error rate. Graphical representation can be useful in visualizing the decision process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron cross relaxation as a function of single relaxation contributions in double‐core ionization energies and spin–orbit splitting of atoms from Ar to Ba. I. 1s−2p− double‐core holes
Authors: Maruani Jean , Bonnelle Christiane 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOn the basis of numerical ab initio, delta and multiconfiguration Breit–Dirac–Fock (ΔBDF and MCBDF) computations, we have investigated the dependence of electron “cross relaxation” on the single relaxation contributions in double‐core ionization energies and spin–orbit splitting of atoms from Ar to Ba, excluding transition elements. The cross‐relaxation variation with Z was fitted to a quadratic function of the geometric average of the single relaxation contributions. For the family of atoms AlCl, it was found that the splitting of the levels is not a straight measure of 2p spin–orbit coupling. The families of “light” atoms ArCa and CuSr yielded together a set of best‐fit coefficients, while the family of heavier atoms AgBa yielded another set. The best‐fit functions were used to predict double‐core ionization energies from single ionization data and from Koopmans' values for atoms from Ar to Ba. For molecules a semiempirical expression is proposed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
An improved 6‐31G basis set for atoms Ga through Kr
Authors: Mitin Alexander V. , Merz Kenneth M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA modification of the popular 6‐31G* basis set, recently introduced for the first‐row transition metals (Mitin et al., J Chem Phys 2003, 118, 7775), has been extended to cover the third‐row atoms from Ga through Kr. A reason for such a modification connects mainly with the atomic 3d orbitals, whose description in the 6‐31G basis for the third‐row atoms is not consistent with the description of other atomic s and p orbitals, when a simultaneous full optimization of all primitive functions and contraction coefficients is used. The use of a two‐step optimization procedure corrects this problem giving new 6‐31G* basis set that performs uniformly better across the all atoms from Ga through Kr. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Can metal ions be used as gas‐phase disulfide bond cleavage reagents? A survey of coinage metal complexes of model peptides containing an intermolecular disulfide bond
Authors: Lioe Hadi , Duan Mubing , O'Hair Richard A. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe role that a metal ion can have in promoting disulfide bond cleavage has been assessed by surveying the tandem mass spectra of the following metal complexes of model peptides containing an intermolecular disulfide bond: [MH+CuII]+; [MH+CuII(bipy)]+; [M+AgI]+; and [M+AuI(PMe3)]+. In comparison to previously studied protonated peptides, these binary and ternary metal complexes generally yield more abundant SS and/or CS bond cleavage. In general, [MH+CuII]+ ions cleave the adjacent CS bond more readily, while the [M+AuI(PMe3)]+ ion cleaves the SS bond more readily. The ternary metal complex [MH+CuII(bipy)]+, on the other hand, fragments by exclusive loss of the bipyridyl ligand for the larger model peptides studied. Of all coinage metal systems studied, Me3PAu+ is superior in promoting disulfide bond cleavage. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Traditional to Streamline Development — opportunities and challenges
Authors: Tomaszewski Piotr , Berander Patrik , Damm Lars‐Ola 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTraditional software development processes have shown to be inappropriate for markets where it is necessary to quickly respond to changing customer needs. To address this issue, a number of modern development processes have been developed that attempt to improve customer responsiveness. One such modern process is Streamline Development (SD), a process developed by and for Ericsson AB. This article presents an early evaluation of the suitability of SD for Ericsson. The evaluation was performed by finding positive and negative aspects of introducing SD, as well as identifying issues to address if implementing the new process. The data regarding the impact of introducing SD was collected in a series of interviews and then structured using a modification of Force Field Analysis (FFA). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of lightly reinforced concrete walls subjected to near‐fault and far‐field earthquake ground motions
Authors: Galal K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractReinforced concrete bearing walls with low vertical reinforcement ratios of less than 0·2% are referred to as lightly reinforced walls. Recently, Eurocode 8 and the French code PS 92 adopted a special design concept for lightly reinforced concrete walls based on the multifuse principle favouring rupture occurrence at several storeys. This design leads to lower reinforcement ratios with their optimized distribution allowing wide cracks to take place with large energy dissipation potential. In addition, the vertical displacement of the mass results in energy transformation from kinematic to potential. The objective of the investigation is to analytically predict the response of such lightly reinforced walls when subjected to near‐fault and far‐field ground motion records up to failure to establish the load‐carrying capacity and ductility of the walls. A wall was modeled using six‐node two‐dimensional panel elements. The panel elements have lumped flexural/axial plasticity at their top and bottom fibre sections. The response of the wall was evaluated in terms of pushover, spectral, displacement‐based, and time history analyses. The model and the response data were verified against available measurements from a test program conducted using a shake table. The comparison indicated that the model closely represented the behaviour observed in the test. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximate modal analysis of multistory symmetrical buildings with restricted inelasticity
Authors: Georgoussis George K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSimplified capacity curves are presented for modal decomposition of multistory inelastic cantilever bents. These structural systems are uniform over the height and plasticity is assumed to be restricted into the beams, since significant rotation ductility factors may be attained in these members without loss of strength. The approximate method of modal decomposition of multistory inelastic bents is based on the concept that the total response may be obtained from the contributions of equivalent nonlinear single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) modal systems, in combination with the technique of modal superposition. In particular, the contribution of the first mode equivalent inelastic SDOF system is examined, since its modal contribution is of higher importance. The response of such SDOF systems basically depends on their capacity curve, which may be formulated by using the dynamic properties (frequency, effective modal mass and mode shape) of the initially elastic bent, as well as the corresponding properties of the bent when the entire set of coupling beams is assumed to be yielded. The procedure is presented for plane cantilever bents, but it can be easily extended to symmetrical structural systems composed of different types of inelastic bents. Its application is illustrated by means of a 10‐story inelastic coupled‐wall bent subject to a strong earthquake motion, equal to 1·5× El Centro N–S ground excitation, and the results compare well with those obtained from a step‐by‐step nonlinear time history analysis of the discrete member model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Echogenic atria in a fetus
Authors: Kaur A. , Lai W. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report a case of transmural echogenic atria diagnosed in a fetus at 22 weeks' gestation. Fetal echocardiography showed echogenicity of the right and left atrial free walls, septum secundum, and atrial appendages. Postnatal echocardiography at birth showed borderline echogenicity with absence of echogenicity on follow‐up echocardiography. The differential diagnosis, possible causes, and outcome associated with transmural atrial echogenicity are discussed. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.