bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of coffee alkaloids and phenolics on egg-laying by the coffee leaf minerLeucoptera coffeella
Authors: Magalhães S.T.V. , Guedes R.N.C. , Demuner A.J. , Lima E.R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe recognized importance of coffee alkaloids and phenolics mediating insect-plant interactions led to the present investigation aiming to test the hypothesis that the phenolics chlorogenic and caffeic acids and the alkaloid caffeine and some of its derivatives present in coffee leaves affect egg-laying by the coffee leaf minerLeucoptera(=Perileucoptera)coffeella(Guérin-Méneville & Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), one of the main coffee pests in the Neotropical region. These phytochemicals were, therefore, quantified in leaves from 12 coffee genotypes and their effect on the egg-laying preference by the coffee leaf miner was assessed. Canonical variate analysis and partial canonical correlation provided evidence that increased leaf levels of caffeine favour egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner. An egg-laying preference bioassay was, therefore, carried out to specifically test this hypothesis using increasing caffeine concentrations sprayed on leaves of one of the coffee genotypes with the lowest level of this compound (i.e. Hybrid UFV 557-04 generated from a cross betweenCoffea racemosaLour. andC. arabicaL.). The results obtained allowed the recognition of a significant concentration-response relationship, providing support for the hypothesis that caffeine stimulates egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner in coffee leaves.
Exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) PCR markers ofHelicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Tay W.T. , Behere G.T. , Heckel D.G. , Lee S.F. , Batterham P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractApplying microsatellite DNA markers in population genetic studies of the pest mothHelicoverpa armigerais subject to numerous technical problems, such as the high frequency of null alleles, occurrence of size homoplasy, presence of multiple copies of flanking sequence in the genome and the lack of PCR amplification robustness between populations. To overcome these difficulties, we developed exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) nuclear DNA markers forH. armigerabased on ribosomal protein (Rp) and the Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC) genes and sequenced alleles showing length polymorphisms. Allele length polymorphisms were usually from random indels (insertions or deletions) within introns, although variation of short dinucleotide DNA repeat units was also detected. Mapping crosses demonstrated Mendelian inheritance patterns for these EPIC markers and the absence of both null alleles and allele ‘dropouts’. Three examples of allele size homoplasies due to indels were detected in EPIC markers RpL3, RpS6 and DDC, while sequencing of multiple individuals across 11 randomly selected alleles did not detect indel size homoplasies. The robustness of the EPIC-PCR markers was demonstrated by PCR amplification in the related species,H. zea,H. assultaandH. punctigera.
Two mitochondrial lineages occur in the Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in Japan
Authors: Hoshizaki S. , Washimori R. , Kubota S. , Ohno S. , Huang Y. , Tatsuki S. , Ishikawa Y. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe genealogy and diversity of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene were investigated forOstrinia furnacalisin Japan. A preliminary examination of mitochondrial lineages in China and the Philippines was also made. Two lineages (A and B) were found in the COII gene. Lineage A was frequent throughout the Japanese main islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu), while the frequency of lineage B varied among these islands. No clear patterns of geographical population structure were found. Population genetic features suggested that theO. furnacalispopulation harboring the lineage A mitochondria expanded in the recent past, while lineage B showed weak signals of a population expansion. It is not clear whether the two lineages of mtDNA evolved in separate or identical geographical regions. We discuss two hypotheses regarding the two lineages of mtDNA: a cryptic race/species hypothesis and a selective sweep hypothesis.
Petrogenesis of albite-rich mid- to late Proterozoic tephra-fall deposits (‘brown beds’)
Authors: BATCHELOR RICHARD A. , PRAVE ANTHONY R. , OLIVER GRAHAME J. H. , RAEBURN ANDREW S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe discovery of volcanogenic ‘brown beds’ in Dalradian and Torridonian (Sleat Group and Diabaig Group) sequences in Scotland has raised questions about their origin and provenance. New discoveries of a grey facies cognate to the ‘brown beds’ have led to an hypothesis which proposes that these beds originated as tephra-fall deposits of intermediate to mafic composition. Subsequent prehnite–pumpellyite- and greenschist-facies metamorphism generated an albite–chlorite–muscovite–quartz–calcite assemblage. Recent sub-aerial weathering selectively dissolved interstitial calcite and oxidized iron, which left an albite-rich ‘brown bed’ with a porous saccharoidal texture. Field relationships and mineralogy support their origin as tephra-fall deposits and their widespread occurrence suggests they are not localized phenomena. Crucially, the weathered ‘brown beds’ point to the existence of otherwise cryptic grey metamorphosed tuffs which tend to blend in with their host metasediments.
Onset of coherent electromagnetic structures in the relativistic electron beam deuterium-tritium fuel interaction of fast ignition concern
Authors: Deutsch C. , Bret A. , Firpo M.-C. , Gremillet L. , Lefebvre E. , Lifschitz A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe focus attention on the combinations of swiftly growing electromagnetic instabilities (EMI) arising in the interaction of relativistic electron beams (REB) with precompressed deuterium-tritium (DT) fuels of fast ignition interest for inertial confinement fusion (ICF). REB-target system is taken neutral in charge and current with distribution functions including target and beam temperatures. We stress also the significant impact on modes growth rates (GR) of mode-mode coupling and intrabeam scattering. Collisional damping is documented at large wave numbers in terms of inverse skin depth. A quasi-linear approach yields lower GR than linear ones. One of the most conspicuous output of the linear analysis are three-dimensional (3D) broken ridges featuring the largest GR above k-space for an oblique propagation w.r.t initial particle beam direction. The given modes are seen immune to any temperature induced damping. Those novel patterns are easily produced by considering simultaneously Weibel, filamentation and two-stream instabilities. The behaviors persist in the presence of smooth density gradients or strong applied magnetic fields. Moreover, in the very early propagation stage with no current neutralization in the presence of large edge density gradients, REB demonstrate a characteristics ringlike and regularly spiked pattern in agreement with recent experimental results and previous simulations.
PALS laser energy transfer into solid targets and its dependence on the lens focal point position with respect to the target surface
Authors: Kasperczuk A. , Pisarczyk T. , Kalal M. , Martinkova M. , Ullschmied J. , Krousky E. , Masek K. , Pfeifer M. , Rohlena K. , Skala J. , Pisarczyk P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper is devoted to investigations of laser energy transfer into solid targets with respect to the focusing lens focal point position relative to the solid target surface as obtained at the PALS laser facility. The third harmonic of the PALS laser beam with energy ~90 J and pulse duration ~250 ps (FWHM) was used for irradiation of two kinds of targets made of Cu: a slab and a 3.6 µm thick foil. The focal point of the beam was located either inside or in front of the target surface, and care was taken to ensure the same laser spot radii in both cases (250 µm). It was demonstrated that these two opposite focal point positions give rise to significantly different laser-plasma interactions: with either depression or maximum of the laser intensity distribution in the center of the beam, respectively. It was also verified that the focal point position inside of the target is favorable for plasma jets creation, whereas the opposite case is more effective for acceleration of flyers.
High energy density and beam induced stress related issues in solid graphite Super-FRS fast extraction targets
Authors: Tahir N.A. , Kim V.V. , Matvechev A.V. , Ostrik A.V. , Shutov A.V. , Lomonosov I.V. , Piriz A.R. , Lopez Cela J.J. , Hoffmann D.H.H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSurvival of the production target in successive experiments (with a repetition rate of 1 Hz) over an extended period of time is one of the key problems encountered in designing the Super-FRS (Superconducting Fragment Separator) at the future Facility forAntiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR). Because of the difficulties involved in construction of a liquid jet metal target, it is highly desirable to employ a solid production target at the Super-FRS. However, with the high beam intensities that will be available at the FAIR, the production target may be destroyed in a single experiment due to high specific energy deposition by the beam in the target material. The level of specific energy deposition can be reduced to an acceptable value by increasing the beam focal spot area. However, the spot size is limited by requirements of achieving good isotope resolution and sufficient transmission of the secondary beam through the system. The resolving power of the fragment separator is inversely proportional to the X-dimension of the focal spot whereas the transmission depends on Y-dimension only. It has been previously shown [Tahir et al., 2005c] that an elliptic focal spot with appropriate dimensions, will fulfill the above two conditions simultaneously and will also have a large enough area to reduce the specific energy deposition to an acceptable level for certain beam intensities of interest. In this paper we present numerical simulations of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic behavior of a solid graphite target that is irradiated by 1 GeV/u uranium beam in the intensity range of 1010 –1011 ions per bunch with a bunch length = 50 ns. These simulations have been carried out using a three-dimensional computer code, PIC3D, that includes elastic-plastic effects. This theoretical work has shown that up to a beam intensity of 1011 ions/bunch, one can employ a solid target while for higher intensities the target will be destroyed due to thermal stresses induced by the beam. It has also been found that a circular focal spot leads to minimum thermal stresses as it generates minimum pressure gradients compared to an elliptic focal spot, for the same specific energy deposition. Moreover, the stress level increases with an increase in the ellipticity of the focal spot. It is therefore recommended that one should use a circular focal spot for lower intensities provided that the criteria for isotope resolution and transmission are fulfilled.
Photon wave mechanics in the eikonal limit: Diamagnetic field-plasma interaction
Authors: Keller O. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA microscopic eikonal theory based on photon wave mechanics is established. The diamagnetic (solid state) field-plasma interaction is shown to play a central role in the theory, and this interaction enables one to introduce a massive transverse photon concept. This quasi-particle enters the eikonal theory in manner similar to the one in which the classical point particle enters Newtonian Mechanics in the Hamilton-Jacobi formulation. When the spatial fluctuations in the stationary-state plasma density are of importance the microscopic eikonal theory becomes a spatially nonlocal theory, and the nonlocality, originating in the coupling of longitudinal and scalar photons to the massive transverse photon, extends over near-field distances.
Corruption in Transitional China: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Guo Yong 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBased on an evaluation of three methods adopted by current empirical analysis of corruption, this article argues for a statistical analysis method of studying corruption cases. It adopts three new indicators: the latency period of corruption, the number of newly occurring corruption cases and the cumulative number of cases. By applying these indicators to an analysis of 594 major corruption cases, the article develops a new method to describe the position of corruption in transitional China, and presents new evidence on characteristics and trends of corruption and its relation with China's economic transition.
Studies of Contemporary Chinese Politics in Korea: An Assessment
Authors: Ho Chung Jae 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGiven the extraordinary pace of across-the-board expansion in Korea–China relations, the lack of assessments on the state of studies of contemporary Chinese politics in Korea is a crucial void to be filled. This evaluative article first offers a socio-demographic sketch of the Korean scholarly community of contemporary Chinese politics. More specifically, it examines how the epistemological community has evolved over the last half century in terms of generational and orientational changes. The second section assesses scholarly outputs in the field of contemporary Chinese politics by looking at monographs, refereed journal articles and doctoral dissertations produced by Korean scholars. The article concludes with some suggestions for further advancement of the studies of contemporary Chinese politics, which may be applicable to Korea as well as to the peer communities in other countries.
Population census of Cook's Petrel Pterodroma cookii breeding on Codfish Island (New Zealand) and the global conservation status of the species
Authors: Rayner Matt J. , Parker Kevin A. , Imber Michael J. 
Published: June 2008

SummaryCodfish Island is the southernmost breeding location for Cook's Petrel (Pterodroma cookii), endemic to the New Zealand archipelago. To provide a population estimate and indication of population growth following introduced predator eradications we conducted an island-wide survey of Codfish Island within two a priori defined strata. Plot surveys revealed only five burrows within forest habitats from 175 plots surveyed and the locations of these and other burrows observed incidentally were used to identify three key areas of Cook's Petrel breeding activity that were subsequently surveyed using line transects. Within these areas, 42 burrows were counted with burrow densities ranging from 0.0003 to 0.002 burrows m−2. Burrow densities in conjunction with the three-dimensional surface areas of the surveyed locations suggested a minimum of 6,194 ± 956 burrows present and equated to approximately 5,000 (95% CI 3,000–6,000) breeding pairs, using a burrow occupancy estimate of 80%. The Cook's Petrel population on Codfish Island appears to have increased markedly since Weka (Gallirallis australis ) and Pacific Rat (Rattus exulans) were eradicated in 1980 and 1998 and is consistent with a recent upwards revision of the species' world population size of approximately 1,300,000 (900,000–1,800,000) individuals. Revised population data, and ongoing protection of Cook's Petrel's major breeding sites may now qualify the species for a revised conservation status moving from Endangered to Vulnerable under IUCN criteria.
Status review of Belding's Yellowthroat Geothlypis beldingi, and implications for its conservation
Authors: Erickson Richard A. , Hamilton Robert A. , Mlodinow Steven G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBelding's Yellowthroat (Geothlypis beldingi) inhabits freshwater marshes the length of the state of Baja California Sur. A gap in occurrence from approximately 25°50′N to 24°50′N separates the subspecies goldmani to the north from beldingi to the south. According to BirdLife International's (2000, 2007) population estimates, the most important sites for the species are San Ignacio (537–648 birds) and La Purísima (203–450) in the north and San José del Cabo (219–480) and Punta San Pedro (70) in the south. Half of 12 presumed breeding sites in the north and five of 14 in the south were discovered within the last ten years. The species apparently no longer occurs at one historical site in the south. Since 2000, two records from Guerrero Negro and one from Bahía Tortugas approximately 140 km and > 200 km respectively northwest of the known breeding range demonstrate the species' dispersal ability. Belding's Yellowthroat is of utmost conservation concern, but the most recent conservation summaries exaggerated the species' plight, in particular by under-appreciating the bird's capacity for long-range dispersal and the ability of marsh habitat to regenerate quickly. Formal studies of the species should be undertaken and marsh creation should be incorporated in the state's development plans. Previous calls for reintroduction efforts should not be heeded, at least for the time being.
Biometrics as a determinant of the origins of seabirds killed in oil spills and other incidents
Authors: Barrett Robert T. , Anker-Nilssen Tycho , Bakken Vidar , Strøm Hallvard , Krasnov Yuri , Aarvak Tomas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCommon Guillemots Uria aalge and Brünnich's Guillemots U. lomvia are common victims of oil spills, drowning in fishing nets and winter wrecks. Because the Norwegian population of Common Guillemots is classified as critically endangered and the Russian population of the Brünnich's Guillemot has declined greatly, it is important to be able to identify the origins of birds killed outside the breeding season. Measurements of birds made in nine colonies in the Barents and Norwegian Seas showed that although it is impossible to determine with reasonable accuracy the colony of origin from body measurements, the most likely sea of origin of Common Guillemots may be determined on the basis of wing and head + bill lengths, whereas there was no systematic variation in any measurement of Brünnich's Guillemots.
Roosting behaviour of the endangered Sichuan Hill-partridge Arborophila rufipectus during the breeding season
Authors: Liao Wenbo , Hu Jinchu , Li Cao , Lu Xin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRoosting behaviour in diurnal ground-dwelling birds is important to their conservation as they are particularly vulnerable to predation when on their roosts. In 2005, we studied the roosting behaviour of the globally ‘Endangered’ Sichuan Hill-partridge (Arborophila rufipectus) in Laojunshan Nature Reserve, southwest China, a site dominated by evergreen broadleaf forest. Our study showed that the birds roosted on elevated perches and roosting behaviour was associated with social organization. Breeding males roosted alone within their territories before mating or during the female's involvement in incubation, but at other times they roosted with the female bird. After hatching of the brood, the adult males roosted on the ground close to the brooding female for about two weeks. After this time the male left the female and chicks to roost elsewhere in the territory. High vegetation cover around the perch site was a key predictor of roosting sites for the partridges. Only six out of 84 tree and shrub species were typically used by the roosting birds, although individual roosting plants varied from night to night. The median height of roosting plants was 6.9 (3.8–10.5) m, which was significantly lower than many shrubs within the breeding territory. Perches were 1.7–6.4 (median = 2.7) m from the ground and independent of roost tree height, suggesting an optimum roosting height. The partridges preferred roosting sites with denser shrub vegetation. In terms of the species' conservation, our results highlight the importance of protecting primary forest that contains suitable roosting trees and shrubs.
High variation in roost use by Dunlin wintering in California: Implications for habitat limitation
Authors: Conklin Jesse R. , Colwell Mark. A , Fox-Fernandez Nancy W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEffective shorebird conservation requires a greater understanding of use and availability of high-tide roosts in coastal non-breeding areas. In this paper, we explore 1) variation in use of roosts; 2) landscape and environmental correlates of roost use; and 3) responses to predators and humans at roosts, to evaluate roost availability for a wintering population of Dunlin Calidris alpina pacifica at Humboldt Bay, CA, USA. For four winters (2002–2005), Dunlin use of particular roosts was highly variable at the population and individual level, even at the most-used roosts. In any given day, week, or month, most Dunlin roosts were unused, and we continued to record new roosts even in the fourth year of study. Although roost use was influenced by landscape attributes, time of day, and environmental conditions, these variables left most variation in roost use unexplained. Dunlin departures from roosts were associated with the presence of avian predators, but not with human activity. Collectively, these observations revealed no strong evidence that roost availability was limited. This contrasts with findings of other studies, even after considering differences in methodology and spatial scale of analysis. We discuss implications for the interpretation of movement data, protection and/or creation of roosting habitat, and assessment of roost quality.
Dualism Redux in Recent Neuroscience: “Theory of Mind” and “Embodied Simulation” Hypotheses in Light of Historical Debates about Perception, Cognition, and Mind
Authors: Kerr Catherine E. 
Published: June 2008

How do we, as humans, take in the feelings and thoughts of other people? Theory-of-Mind (ToM) and Embodied Simulation (ES) approaches hypothesize divergent neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying intersubjectivity. ToM investigators assert that humans take in the belief states and intentions of another person by holding “a theory of mind” that cognitively posits the other person's mental contents, with some experiments identifying the right temporo-parietal junction as a specific ToM brain region. ES theorists hypothesize that humans perceive the other's state of mind by simulating his/her actions, emotions, and goals in the “mirror neuron system” in the brain. A historical review suggests these understandings rely on opposing, dualist models of cognition and perception. William James's intervention on this earlier debate is informative in anticipating recent findings in low-level sensory neuroscience. Of specific interest are studies showing that intersubjectivity and low-level sensory attentional filtering are both processed in the same cortical area (the temporo-parietal junction) suggesting that the ability to entertain other minds may be related to the ability to perceive salient stimuli during attention-demanding tasks.