bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathways Through Relapses and Deaths of Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Role of Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Nordic Data
Authors: Saarinen-Pihkala Ulla M. , Heilmann Carsten , Winiarski Jacek , Glomstein Anders , Abrahamsson Jonas , Arvidson Johan , Békássy Albert N. , Forestier Erik , Jonmundsson Gudmundur , Schroeder Henrik , Vettenranta Kim , Wesenberg Finn , Gustafsson Göran 
Published: December 2006

Purpose Our focus was on patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who experienced relapse or died without becoming transplantation candidates. The purpose was to outline measures needed to improve the outcome. Patients and Methods We analyzed our population-based 20-year data on 3,385 Nordic children with ALL treated on Nordic Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology ALL protocols, and described the flow of these patients through relapses, remissions, and deaths as a result of toxicity, demonstrating where major patient losses occurred. Results In total, 854 patients (25%) had a first and 274 patients (8%) had a second ALL relapse. P for survival after the first relapse was .35 ± .02. The induction mortality (2.2%, primary; 10.3%, first relapse; 26.3%, second relapse) and remission mortality (1%, first complete remission [1CR]; 19%, second CR [2CR]) were significant; transplantation-related mortality (TRM) only represented 15% (69 of 459) of the deaths as a result of toxicity. Of the 766 patients entering 2CR, 29% underwent transplantation (P for survival, .46 ± .04), whereas 71% continued receiving chemotherapy (P for survival, .39 ± .02). Children with stem-cell transplantation indications in 2CR, if they did not undergo transplantation, generally died or had a second relapse. The patient groups that underwent transplantation in 1CR (n = 84), 2CR (n = 220), and ≥ 3CR (n = 62) represented different risk profiles. Those with allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in ≥ 3CR (P for survival, .37 ± .07) had an ALL and first relapse with favorable features. Conclusion Major patient losses occurred through mortality as a result of toxicity and resistant disease during the pathways before allo-SCT. After relapse, more patients were lost to mortality as a result of toxicity during conventional chemotherapy compared with TRM. After second relapse, the chance for rescue by allo-SCT in ≥ 3CR was minimal. The question of whether transplantation is recommended after ALL relapse should be carefully addressed, and more efficient relapse protocols should be launched.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Survival After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Chan Jennifer A. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Chan Andrew T. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Colditz Graham A. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: December 2006

Purpose Postmenopausal estrogen use has been shown to decrease the incidence of colorectal cancer, but there is limited information regarding the effect of estrogen use on survival after diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Participants and Methods We examined the influence of postmenopausal estrogen use on mortality among 834 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1976 and 2000 and observed until death or June 2004, whichever came first. Colorectal cancer–specific mortality and overall mortality according to categories of hormone use were assessed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for other risk factors for cancer survival. Results Postmenopausal estrogen use before diagnosis of colorectal cancer was associated with significant reduction in mortality. Compared with women with no prior estrogen use, those reporting current use before diagnosis had an adjusted HR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.88) for colorectal cancer–specific mortality and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.97) for overall mortality. This inverse association between hormone use and mortality was most evident among women whose duration of use was less than 5 years. Longer durations and past use were not associated with significant survival benefit. Assessment of estrogen use after diagnosis demonstrated similar findings. Conclusion Current postmenopausal estrogen use before diagnosis of colorectal cancer was associated with improved colorectal cancer–specific and overall mortality. This benefit was principally limited to women who initiated estrogens within 5 years of diagnosis. Additional efforts to understand mechanisms through which estrogens influence colorectal carcinogenesis and cancer progression seem warranted.
DNA Origami‐Engineered Plasmonic Nanoprobes for Targeted Cancer Imaging
Authors: Wu Lintong , Tanwar Swati , Kaur Gagandeep , Date Siddhi , Goel Linika , Chatterjee Arnab , McGuiggan Patty , Barman Ishan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlasmonic nanomaterials bearing targeting ligands are of great interest for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based bioimaging applications. However, the practical utility of SERS‐based imaging strategies is hindered by the lack of a straightforward method to synthesize highly sensitive SERS‐active nanostructures with high yield and efficiency. In this work, leveraging DNA origami principles, the first‐in‐class design of a SERS‐based plasmonically coupled nanoprobe for targeted cancer imaging (SPECTRA) is reported. The nanoprobe harnesses a cancer cell targeting DNA aptamer sequence and vibrational tag with stretching frequency in the cell‐silent Raman window. Through the integration of aptamer sequence specific for DU145 cells, the unique capabilities of SPECTRA for targeted imaging of DU145 cells are shown. The results demonstrate that the scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and reproducibility of this method of fabrication of SERS nanoprobes can serve as a versatile platform for creating nanoprobes with broad applications in the fields of cancer biology and biomedical imaging.
Double‐Helical Carbon Nanotube‐Wrapped Elastomeric Mandrel for Electrical Shortage‐Free, One‐Body Multifunctional Fiber Systems
Authors: Son Wonkyeong , Lee Jae Myeong , Choi Jin Hyeong , Kim Juwan , Noh Junho , Oh Myoungeun , Sim Hyeon Jun , Jeong Chang Kyu , Chun Sungwoo , Kim Seon Jeong , Choi Changsoon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoft and elastic fiber‐based electronic devices exhibiting high electromechanical stability are highly desirable for sustainable and continuous utilization in various applications. However, effectively assembling the cathode and anode in a single body without unwanted interconnections and realizing an intimate contact interface between the electrode and substrate remain challenging. Here, an electrical shortage‐free one‐body fiber system with double‐helix buckle electrodes created by torsion‐ and strain‐mismatch between carbon nanotube (CNT) ribbons and a rubber substrate is reported. The as‐used CNT ribbons serve as the strain‐insensitive electrode, while the rubber mandrel‐core fiber acts as the key matrix in the following three aspects: as an elastic substrate that ensures reversible structural changes during mechanical deformations; as a dielectric layer for capacitive strain sensing; and as an electrothermal expansion element for tensile contraction. Moreover, because of the mismatch‐induced torque‐balance structure, the helically wrapped CNT buckle electrodes can effectively absorb the applied stresses without noticeable delamination and electrical conductance loss. Consequently, the double‐helix buckle fiber system can reliably provide multiple functions, viz. detection of various deformations (e.g., stretching, twisting, and pressing), electrochemical energy storage with excellent strain tolerance, and reversible electrothermal tensile actuation.
A Perspective on the Molecular Modeling of Electrolyte Decomposition Reactions for Solid Electrolyte Interphase Growth in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bin Jassar Mohammed , Michel Carine , Abada Sara , De Bruin Theodorus , Tant Sylvain , Nieto‐Draghi Carlos , Steinmann Stephan N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a thin heterogeneous layer formed at the anode/electrolyte interface in lithium‐ion batteries as a consequence of the reduction of the electrolyte. The initial formation of the SEI inhibits the direct contact between the electrode and the electrolyte and thus protects the battery. However, the composition, structure, and size of the SEI evolve over time and the growth of the SEI is considered the primary mechanism leading to the gradual deterioration of the battery performance. Despite the importance of the SEI and its growth, the atomistic understanding of the underlying elementary reaction steps remains partial. Molecular modeling of the electrolyte decomposition is key to gain detailed insights that are complementary to experiments for the reactions occurring in this heterogenous interphase. In this perspective, the electron transport mechanisms are first described from the anode to the electrolyte through the SEI and highlight the importance of the inorganic/organic interface within the heterogeneous SEI: it is where the electrolyte decomposition reactions are likely to occur. Finally, a view is provided on the current progress on molecular modeling techniques (e.g., Density Functional Theory, force fields, machine learning potentials) of the SEI and the challenges each method faces.
A Novel Multifunctional Material for Constructing 3D Multi‐Response Structures Using Programmable Two‐Photon Laser Fabrication
Authors: Zhang Yuzhao , Yu Haibo , Zhang Xiaojie , Zheng Jianchen , Wang Jingang , Guo Hongji , Qiu Ye , Wang Xiaoduo , Liu Lianqing , Li Wen Jung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo‐photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP‐DLW) technology has gained much popularity due to its precision and flexibility in creating intricate 3D micro/nano‐scale devices and machines. While TPP‐DLW enables complex 3D micro/nano patterning, developing multifunctional materials tailored for this process remains a challenge, limiting sophisticated micro/nano device performance. This work addresses key barriers by introducing a novel multifunctional network polymer with specifically designed for TPP‐DLW. The material integrates tailored functional groups allowing submicron 3D spatial arrangement under laser control. Remarkably, it demonstrates tunable pH response, programmed fluorescence, and dynamic reconfiguration upon optical illumination. By leveraging TPP‐DLW's programmability, reconfigurable encrypted microstructures are achieved, representing a new precision multifunctional material printing paradigm beyond single property systems. The synthesized material with its responsive properties, combined with digital fabrication control, fills critical gaps in developing smart, adaptive micro/nano systems. Potential applications requiring exquisite 3D control and multi‐tasking, such as biomedical sensors, micromachines and optics could see transformative advancement. Fundamentally, this integrated materials‐processing approach broadens micro/nano manufacturing design space and functional versatility.
Layered Wide Bandgap Semiconductor GaPS4 as a Charge‐Trapping Medium for Use in High‐Temperature Artificial Synaptic Applications
Authors: Cao Ding‐wen , Yan Yong , Wang Meng‐na , Luo Gao‐li , Zhao Jia‐rong , Zhi Jia‐ke , Xia Cong‐xin , Liu Yu‐fang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial synaptic devices (ASDs) are attracting widespread attention as highly promising components for use in complex neuromorphic systems, playing crucial roles in addressing the challenges posed by the conventional von Neumann architecture. However, the instabilities of ASDs in high‐temperature environments diminish the reliabilities of the device performances, significantly inhibiting their practical application. Herein, a highly reliable 2D MoS2/GaPS4 ASD that maintains its functionality even after exposure to 400 °C is proposed. Moreover, due to the enhanced charge‐trapping effect of the GaPS4 layer, the memory window expands from an initial 42 to 55 V, accompanied by a substantial on/off ratio of 105, low off‐leakage current of 10−11 A, and high number of endurance cycles (103). The device effectively simulates various biological synaptic functions via electric and light stimulation. Notably, the high electric and light paired‐pulse facilitation indices suggest an exceptional synaptic performance. The findings introduce a novel approach to high‐temperature neuromorphic applications via defect engineering.
Stretchable Metal‐Air Batteries Through Sliding Electrodes
Authors: Shi Yichao , Ren Muqing , Sun Anqian , Johnston Eric D. , Allen Mark G. , Pikul James H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoft robots and wearable technologies benefit significantly from stretchable batteries, yet the rigid nature of high‐capacity electrodes creates large trade‐offs in battery performance and stretchability. This study introduces a new approach for realizing stretchable batteries by allowing the electrodes to slide along a stretchable electrolyte. When the sliding‐electrodes battery is stretched, the forces are transmitted through the hydrogel electrolyte and elastomeric enclosure, while the rigid electrodes slide relative to the hydrogel to maintain interfacial contact. The sliding‐electrodes approach allows 100% of the unstretched battery area to be covered by thick electrodes so that the battery areal capacity and power are improved by up to 10X of prior stretchable designs. Three metal‐air batteries achieve areal capacities of up to 104 mWh cm−2. Further mechanical testing, electrochemical characterization, and integration into soft robotic systems demonstrate the potential of these stretchable batteries in practical applications. The sliding‐electrodes battery can stably power multiple servo motors and sensing circuits under stretching, twisting, bending, and after impact.
Orientation Dependent Interlayer Coupling in Organic–Inorganic Heterostructures
Authors: Bartlam Cian , Saigal Nihit , Heiserer Stefan , Lambers Hendrik , Wurstbauer Ursula , Duesberg Georg S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic–inorganic 2D heterostructures combine the high optical absorption of organic molecules with exciton‐dominated optical properties in layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2. Critical to the interaction and the optical response in such hybrid systems is the electronic band alignment at the interface between the two species. Here, the coupling of monolayers of perylene derivatives is investigated with bilayer MoS2. In particular, variation in the perylene orientation on the MoS2 surface is identified using Raman spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy. Low‐temperature optical spectroscopy reveals orientation‐dependent interlayer exciton formation. Furthermore, power‐dependent photoluminescence measurements provide insight into the modified interlayer charge transfer in these heterostructures. A saturation of interlayer states is found under high excitation power when the perylene molecules are in a perpendicular orientation to the surface that leads to electron accumulation in the MoS2, whereas parallel alignment of the perylene molecules leads to enhanced populations of organic–inorganic interlayer excitons. This work provides insights into the optimization of organic–inorganic heterostructures, with particular relevance to applications for optoelectronic and excitonic devices.
Artificial Vasa‐Vasorum Serves as an On‐Site Regenerative Promoter of Cell‐Free Vascular Grafting
Authors: Ha Hyun‐su , Baek Sewoom , Lee Kyubae , Cho Sungwoo , Cho Min Jeong , Chung Seyong , Choi Hyeongyun , Lee Chan Hee , Kim Min Seok , Kim Si Yeong , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Kang Sang‐Wook , Sung Hak‐Joon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe control paradigm of small vessel pathophysiology has changed to focus on the vascular out‐wall rather than the lumen‐intimal factors. As an emerging controller of the external wall, the microvasculature (“vasa vasorum”) provides interactional routes between the in‐and out‐sides of the vascular wall. Despite numerous approaches to developing small‐diameter vascular grafts, engineering artificial vasa vasorum (AVV) has not been projected as a multi‐functional solution to address long‐standing issues such as thrombotic and immune controls for wall regeneration. Here, the AVV is engineered using a microchannel network hydrogel after a multi‐study validation of implantation functions and then used to wrap the external wall of the cell‐free vessel post‐decellularization while preserving its mechanical properties. Upon inter‐positional and bypass grafting to rabbit arteries, the AVV graft facilitates the recruitment of vascular cells into the cell‐free wall by promoting invasion of angiogenic and vasculogenic cells through the microchannel‐mediated M2 polarization of macrophages. This function results in the efficient restoration of smooth muscle cells, and the revitalized vascular elasticity helps to maintain long‐term patency. The AVV, therefore, serves as an effective catalyst for vascular wall regeneration, offering a solution to clinically successful small‐diameter vascular grafting.
Localized Oxygen Control in a Microfluidic Osteochondral Interface Model Recapitulates Bone–Cartilage Crosstalk During Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ong Louis Jun Ye , Sun Antonia Rujia , Wang Zhongzheng , Lee Jayden , Prasadam Indira , Toh Yi‐Chin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the dysregulation of the osteochondral interface between bone and cartilage. In vitro, osteochondral models are crucial for studying OA and testing treatments. However, current models are limited to replicating the extracellular matrix's structural and mechanical heterogeneity and do not account for the distinct oxygen gradients that chondrocytes and osteoblasts experience at the osteochondral interface. By using micropatterned granular hydrogels to control oxygen scavenging agents' delivery, maintaining <1% oxygen concentration in standard cell culture conditions. These hypoxic hydrogels allow primary human chondrocytes to exhibit a more anabolic phenotype, akin to hypoxic incubator conditions. Patterning of the hydrogels in a microfluidic device creates localized hypoxic environments that mimic the osteochondral interface, enabling co‐culture of chondrocytes with osteoblasts from non‐sclerotic and sclerotic subchondral bone. This co‐culture in differential oxygen conditions revealed that sclerotic osteoblasts induce collagen expression changes in chondrocytes through MMP13 and ADAM15 production, a phenomenon not observed in uniform oxygen environments. Additionally, this model uncovered extensive transcriptional changes involving NF‐κβ, TGF‐β/BMP, and IGF signaling pathways, induced by sclerotic osteoblasts, which are undetectable in normoxic co‐cultures. The microfluidic model with localized oxygen variations effectively simulates osteoblast‐chondrocyte interactions, offering significant insights into OA pathophysiology.
Suppressed Manganese Oxides Shuttling in Acidic Electrolytes Extends Shelf‐Life of Electrolytic Proton Batteries
Authors: Wu Sicheng , Guo Haocheng , Su Zhen , Jia Chen , Zhang Xinyi , Wang Shuhao , Zhao Tingwen , Meyer Quentin , Zhao Chuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAqueous proton batteries are promising candidates for the harvest and utilization of renewable yet intermittent energies. The redox couple of MnO2/Mn2+ is one of the most competitive cathodes to enable proton batteries with high voltage. However, electrolytic products of the MnO2/Mn2+ reactions tend to disperse into acidic electrolytes, and the composition of the electrolytic products as well as their influences on the counter electrode and the overall batteries are still unclear. Herein, the behaviors of the manganese electrolysis are studied with electrolytes of different proton concentrations and under variant current densities. The electrolytic products are disclosed to be ɛ‐MnO2 regardless of the acidities of electrolytes and report, for the first time, the dispersed MnO2 can chemically oxidize or dissolve the anode materials and subsequently induce self‐discharging. A membrane‐assisted protection strategy is proposed to prevent the free‐shuttle of MnO2 particles and mitigate the battery self‐discharging. Accordingly, a much‐enhanced shelf‐life performance (61.3% capacity retention over a one‐week rest) is achieved for pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone//MnO2 full‐cell. Furthermore, a customized device is developed with Nafion membrane, reaching excellent cycling stability (3000 cycles, 54 days) and a low self‐discharging rate. The findings and strategies for mitigating the self‐discharging issues are anticipated to advance the MnO2/Mn2+‐based aqueous batteries and beyond.
Human Nervous System Inspired Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets/Cellulose Nanofibers‐Based Wearable Sensors with Superior Thermal Management and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Zhu Zijuan , Tian Zhongyuan , Liu Yanze , Yue Shangzhi , Li Yongji , Wang Zhong Lin , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Yang Dan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWearable sensing technologies have witnessed rapid development in recent years due to their accessibility, functionality, and affordability. However, heat accumulation and electromagnetic interference in electronic components adversely affect the sensing performance and seriously damage human health. Herein, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)‐based composites with high thermal conductivity (TC) and excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance are prepared using CNFs as templates followed by coating with tannic acid non‐covalent and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane covalent co‐modified graphene nanoplatelets (denoted as mGNPs) through a simple electrostatic self‐assembly method. The subsequent hot‐pressing process yield order and layer mGNPs in CNFs‐based composites with mGNPs distributed along the orientation and in close contact with CNFs, a fashion similar to the human nervous system. The resulting CNFs‐based composites reveal a high TC of 136.2 W/(m·K) and a superior EMI shielding effectiveness of 105 dB. Thus, they are used as wearable sensors based on the triboelectric effect to monitor human health in real‐time, as well as express emotion through Morse code. In sum, the proposed strategy provides an avenue to prolong the service life of flexible wearable sensors and ensure their safe use, promising for future wisdom in healthcare and smart robotics.
Modulation of Carbazole/Phenol Resonant Partners within Diboron‐Based Multi‐Resonance Emitters Enable High‐Performance Narrowband Green to Red OLEDs
Authors: Miao Jingsheng , Chen Guohao , He Jiawei , Xiao Zhengqi , Song Xiufang , Wang Mengcheng , Huang Manli , Li Kai , Cao Xiaosong , Zou Yang , Yang Chuluo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiboron‐based multi‐resonance (MR) molecules featuring para‐B‐π‐B configuration represent a highly promising class of emitters for red and near‐infrared organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The emission spectra of the diboron‐based MR emitters can be fine‐tuned by modulating the carbazole/phenol resonant partners. However, beyond spectral tuning, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between molecular structure, and the overall properties of diboron‐based MR emitters remains elusive. In this work, through meticulous molecular design and precise material synthesis, the study has constructed three new MR emitters and completed the establishment of the diboron‐based MR molecular family involving a carbazole/phenol resonant counterpart. These emitters facilitate a systematic investigation into the comprehensive impact of resonant partners on critical properties beyond spectral tuning, such as thermally activated delayed fluorescence, full‐width at half‐maximum, and horizontal orientation ratio. Eventually, by employing these emitters, high‐performance narrowband emitting OLEDs with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmaxs) of 30.2%, 33.0%, and 37.0% are fabricated for the green, yellow, and red devices, respectively, together with exceptional operational lifetimes. In particular, both yellow and red OLEDs exhibit unprecedented low‐efficiency roll‐off, maintaining high EQEs over 30% and 25% at the ultrahigh brightness levels of 10 000 and 100 000 cd m−2, respectively.