bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships of Cardiac Autonomic Function With Metabolic Abnormalities in Childhood Obesity
Authors: Kaufman Christopher L. , Kaiser Daniel R. , Steinberger Julia , Kelly Aaron S. , Dengel Donald R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to examine cardiovascular autonomic (cANS) function and its potential relationships with leptin resistance, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in a pediatric sample with varying levels of obesity.Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were normal‐weight (NW; BMI <85th percentile, 6 male, 4 female), overweight (OW; 85th percentile < BMI <95th percentile, 6 male, 4 female), and obese children (OB; BMI >95th percentile, 6 male, 10 female) who had cANS function assessed via heart rate variability (HRV) methods during resting conditions. Standard time‐domain and frequency‐domain measures [high‐frequency normalized units (HFnu; measure of parasympathetic nervous system activity) and low frequency:high‐frequency ratio (LF:HF; overall sympathovagal balance)] of HRV were calculated. Fasting blood samples were drawn for measurement of glucose, insulin, lipids, 8‐isoprostane, leptin, soluble leptin‐receptor (sOB‐R), C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Results were reported as mean ± standard error of the mean.Results: OB had significantly elevated LF:HF and decreased HFnu when compared with NW (p < 0.05), but no differences between OW and NW were observed. Measures of HRV were significantly related to leptin, insulin resistance, 8‐isoprostane, and CRP (p < 0.05), but these relationships were not significant after adjustment for fat mass.Discussion: When compared with NW, OB but not OW children are characterized by cANS dysfunction and increased leptin, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation (CRP). The relationships between these factors seem to be dependent on quantity of fat mass and/or other factors associated with being obese.
Low‐dose Pramlintide Reduced Food Intake and Meal Duration in Healthy, Normal‐Weight Subjects
Authors: Chapman Ian , Parker Barbara , Doran Selena , Feinle‐Bisset Christine , Wishart Judith , Lush Cameron W. , Chen Kim , LaCerte Carl , Burns Colleen , McKay Robyn , Weyer Christian , Horowitz Michael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:We previously reported that a single preprandial injection (120 μg) of pramlintide, an analog of the β‐cell hormone amylin, reduced ad libitum food intake in obese subjects. To further characterize the meal‐related effects of amylin signaling in humans, we studied a lower pramlintide dose (30 μg) in normal‐weight subjects.Research Methods and Procedures:In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study, 15 healthy men (age, 24 ± 7 years; BMI, 22.2 ± 1.8 kg/m2) underwent a standardized buffet meal test on two occasions. After an overnight fast, subjects received a single subcutaneous injection of pramlintide (30 μg) or placebo, followed immediately by a standardized pre‐load meal. After 1 hour, subjects were offered an ad libitum buffet meal, and total caloric intake and meal duration were measured.Results:Compared with placebo, pramlintide reduced total caloric intake (1411 ± 94 vs. 1190 ± 117 kcal; Δ, −221 ± 101 kcal; −14 ± 9%;p= 0.05) and meal duration (36 ± 2 vs. 31 ± 3 minutes; Δ, −5.1 ± 1.4 minutes;p< 0.005). Visual analog scale profiles of hunger trended lower and fullness higher during the first hour after pramlintide administration. In response to the buffet, hunger and fullness changed to a similar degree after pramlintide and placebo, despite subjects on pramlintide consuming 14% fewer kilocalories. Visual analog scale nausea ratings remained near baseline, without differences between treatments. Plasma peptide YY, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin concentrations did not differ with treatment, whereas glucagon‐like peptide‐1 concentrations after meals were lower in response to pramlintide than to placebo.Discussion:These observations add support to the concept that amylin agonism may have a role in human appetite control.
Intake of Dietary Magnesium and the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome among U.S. Adults
Authors: Ford Earl S. , Li Chaoyang , McGuire Lisa C. , Mokdad Ali H. , Liu Simin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Limited data suggest that people with the metabolic syndrome have lower intakes or circulating concentrations of magnesium than those who do not have the syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between dietary intake of magnesium and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.Research Methods and Procedures: We used data for 7669 participants ≥20 years of age of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994). The metabolic syndrome was defined using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Magnesium intake was determined from a single dietary 24‐hour recall.Results: The unadjusted prevalences of the metabolic syndrome were 29.0% (quintile of lowest magnesium intake), 27.5%, 25.8%, 23.9%, and 21.8% for increasing quintiles of magnesium intake (p for trend = 0.002). After multiple adjustment, the odds ratios for the second through the fifth quintiles (highest intake) of magnesium intake among all participants included in the analysis were 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58, 1.23], 0.76 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.07), 0.62 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.98), and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.92), respectively (p for trend = 0.029). The associations were similar for men and women.Discussion: Our results showing an inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome add to the evidence that adequate magnesium intake or a diet rich in magnesium may be important for maintaining good cardiometabolic health.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐activated Receptor γ 2 and Acyl‐CoA Synthetase 5 Polymorphisms Influence Diet Response
Authors: Adamo Kristi B. , Dent Robert , Langefeld Carl D. , Cox Miranda , Williams Kathryn , Carrick Kevin M. , Stuart Joan S. , Sundseth Scott S. , Harper Mary‐Ellen , McPherson Ruth , Tesson Frédérique 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its response gene, Acyl CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5), which has an important role in fatty acid metabolism, may affect weight loss in response to caloric restriction. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether these genes were involved in the interindividual response to dietary treatment. Genotypic/phenotypic comparisons were made between selected obese women from the quintiles losing the most (diet responsive, n = 74) and the quintiles losing the least (diet‐resistant, n = 67) weight in the first 6 weeks of a 900‐kcal formula diet. Two common PPARγ single nucleotide polymorphisms, Pro12Ala and C1431T, and eight polymorphisms across the ACSL5 gene were selected for single locus and haplotypic association analyses. The PPARγ Pro12Ala single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with diet resistance (odds ratio = 3.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.41 to 8.56, p = 0.03), and the rs2419621, located in the 5′untranslated region of the ACSL5 gene, displayed the strongest association with diet response (odds ratio = 3.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.61 to 7.69, p = 0.001). Skeletal muscle ACSL5 mRNA expression was significantly lower in carriers of the wildtype compared with the variant rs2419621 allele (p = 0.03). Our results suggest a link between PPARγ2 and ACSL5 genotype and diet responsiveness.
Self‐identities and BMI of Minnesotan Soy Consumers and Non‐consumers
Authors: Schryver Tamara , Smith Chery , Wall Melanie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to identify self‐identities among mainstream and natural foods shoppers and the relationship of these self‐identities to soy consumption and BMI. We hypothesized that soy consumers (SCs) would have lower BMIs than non‐consumers (NCs) and that persons who self‐identify themselves as SCs, natural foods, organic foods, health conscious, whole foods consumers, and vegetarians would have higher intakes of soy.Research Methods and Procedures: A validated soy foods frequency questionnaire was administered to 298 adult mainstream and natural foods grocery store shoppers in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN. An additional survey gathered information on consumers’ self‐identification with several dietary and lifestyle descriptors. Principal component analysis was used to extract factors representing overarching self‐identities. Correlation coefficients between derived scales for each factor and BMI and soy servings per week were generated using a Spearman correlation. One‐way ANOVA was used to test significance between derived scales for factors and demographic variables and store type. Multiple regression models were used to test association between derived scales and BMI and soy servings per week while adjusting for demographic covariates.Results: Asians and those who shopped at natural food grocery stores consumed more soy foods and had lower BMIs than other ethnicities or those who shopped at mainstream grocery stores. Five overarching self‐identities were found: vegetarian, mainstream, nouveau gourmet, pleasure, and bargain. Vegetarian and nouveau gourmet self‐identities consumed significantly greater amounts of soy foods and had significantly lower BMIs, whereas mainstream self‐identities consumed significantly less soy foods and had significantly higher BMIs.Discussion: Self‐identities influence soy food consumption and BMI.
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) modulates neutrophil adhesion and migration on glycoxidated extracellular matrix
Authors: Touré Fatouma , Zahm Jean-Marie , Garnotel Roselyne , Lambert Elise , Bonnet Noel , Schmidt Ann Marie , Vitry Fabien , Chanard Jacques , Gillery Philippe , Rieu Philippe 
Published: July 2008

AGEs (advanced glycation end-products) accumulate in collagen molecules during uraemia and diabetes, two diseases associated with high susceptibility to bacterial infection. Because neutrophils bind to collagen during their locomotion in extravascular tissue towards the infected area we investigated whether glycoxidation of collagen (AGE-collagen) alters neutrophil migration. Type I collagen extracted from rat tail tendons was used for in vitro glycoxidation (AGE-collagen). Neutrophils were obtained from peripheral blood of healthy adult volunteers and were used for the in vitro study of adhesion and migration on AGE- or control collagen. Glycoxidation of collagen increased adhesion of neutrophils to collagen surfaces. Neutrophil adhesion to AGE-collagen was inhibited by a rabbit anti-RAGE (receptor for AGEs) antibody and by PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) inhibitors. No effect was observed with ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) or p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitors. AGE-collagen was able to: (i) induce PI3K activation in neutrophils, and (ii) inhibit chemotaxis and chemokinesis of chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophils. Finally, we found that blocking RAGE with anti-RAGE antibodies or inhibiting PI3K with PI3K inhibitors restored fMLP (N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine)-induced neutrophil migration on AGE-collagen. These results show that RAGE and PI3K modulate adhesion and migration rate of neutrophils on AGE-collagen. Modulation of adhesiveness may account for the change in neutrophil migration rate on AGE-collagen. As neutrophils rely on their ability to move to perform their function as the first line of defence against bacterial invasion, glycoxidation of collagen may participate in the suppression of normal host defence in patients with diabetes and uraemia.
Regulation of transcription by the Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA 2
Authors: Palermo Richard D. , Webb Helen M. , Gunnell Andrea , West Michelle J. 
Published: July 2008

The EBNA 2 (Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 2) transcription factor is essential for B-cell transformation by the cancer-associated EBV (Epstein–Barr virus) and for the continuous proliferation of infected cells. EBNA 2 activates transcription from the viral Cp (C promoter) during infection to generate the 120 kb transcript that encodes all nuclear antigens required for immortalization by EBV. EBNA 2 contains an acidic activation domain and can interact with a number of general transcription factors and co-activators. It is now becoming clear, however, that the regulation of transcription elongation in addition to initiation by EBNA 2, at least in part through CDK9 (cyclin-dependent kinase 9)-dependent phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase C-terminal domain, is likely to play a crucial role in the mechanism of action of this key viral protein.
Progesterone regulation of RUSH/SMARCA3/HLTF includes DNA looping
Authors: Chilton Beverly S. , Hewetson Aveline 
Published: July 2008

RUSH/SMARCA3 (SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A, member 3) is capable of sequence-selective DNA binding and ATP-dependent DNA unwinding. In rabbit uterine epithelial cells, RUSH-1α (113 kDa) is the progesterone-dependent splice variant and RUSH-1β (95 kDa) is the oestrogen-dependent splice variant. Rabbit RUSH/SMARCA3 mRNA is primarily regulated at the proximal promoter (−162/+90) via a PRE (progesterone-response element) half-site/overlapping Y-box domain (−38/−26) and two Sp (specificity protein) 3 sites centred at −128 and −58. We investigated hormone regulation by exploring binding of transcription factors to a putative RUSH/SMARCA3 site (−616/−611) and the distal Sp3 (−131/−126) site. In response to progesterone, RUSH-1α binds the RUSH site and the Sp3 site becomes a functional binding site for Egr-1 (early growth-response gene product 1)/Sp (specificity protein)1/3/MAZ (Myc-associated zinc-finger protein)/MZF1 (myeloid zinc finger 1)/c-Rel. TransSignal TF–TF Interaction Arrays, supershift assays and ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) analyses confirmed strong physical interactions between RUSH and Egr-1/c-Rel. Higher-order long-range interactions between RUSH and the Egr-1/c-Rel derivative of the anisotropic flexibility of the intervening DNA sequence were shown with 3C (chromosome conformation capture) assays. Transient transfection assays with mutant constructs showed the co-operative interaction between RUSH and Egr-1 mediates repression by c-Rel. Thus DNA-bound RUSH/SMARCA3 communicates with its own proximal promoter by looping the intervening DNA. Moreover, progesterone-dependent DNA looping is an adjunct to progesterone induction of the RUSH/SMARCA3 gene because the availability of RUSH isoforms and relevant binding partners is progesterone-regulated.
The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment
Authors: Philofsky Amy 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.
The Role of Psychology in Working With Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Smith C. Milani 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Varied disciplines participate in both the evaluation and treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder. This article reviews the role of the psychologist on an interdisciplinary team. Specific components of the assessment process are summarized, and key diagnostic tools are presented. In addition, the psychologist’s role in the assessment of language, and how this is differentiated from the contributions of the SLP, is discussed. This article concludes with a discussion of the role of the psychologist in providing intervention for children with ASD.
Investigating Novel Interventions for ASD: On Swimming With Dolphins
Authors: Hewitt Lynne 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Evidence-based practice seems daunting for many busy clinicians; in fact, true critical reviews are time-intensive and costly. Yet, we are bombarded daily with intervention ideas, and for no disorder do the novel ideas come so frequently as for autism spectrum disorders. In this brief example, use of ordinary Internet resources was employed to investigate a popular, if unusual, treatment for ASD: dolphin therapy. The exercise demonstrates that judicious use of free resources can provide helpful clinical guidance.
Passy-Muir Speaking Valve Use in a Children's Hospital: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Hofmann Lauren , Bolton Joseph , Ferry Susan 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
At The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) we treat many children requiring tracheostomy tube placement. With potential for a tracheostomy tube to be in place for an extended period of time, these children may be at risk for long-term disruption to normal speech development. As such, speaking valves that restore more normal phonation are often key tools in the effort to restore speech and promote more typical language development in this population. However, successful use of speaking valves is frequently more challenging with infant and pediatric patients than with adult patients. The purpose of this article is to review background information related to speaking valves, the indications for one-way valve use, criteria for candidacy, and the benefits of using speaking valves in the pediatric population. This review will emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration from the perspectives of speech-language pathology and respiratory therapy. Along with the background information, we will present current practices and a case study to illustrate a safe and systematic approach to speaking valve implementation based upon our experiences.
Signature Currents: A Patch-Clamp Method for Determining the Selectivity of Ion-Channel Blockers in Isolated Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Spencer C. Ian , Uchida Wataru , Turner Larry , Kozlowski Roland Z. 
Published: July 2008

Background: We describe a simple method using membrane potential ramps for rapidly determining the ion-channel selectivity of drugs that affect action-potential duration in iso lated cardiac myocytes. The method allows the simultaneous assay of compounds on a number of ionic currents in a single cardiac cell. Methods: Trains of membrane potential ramps were applied from -90 to +70 mV at 0.33 Hz to obtain a consistent "signature current," in which the major individual currents involved in the cardiac action potential could be easily identified. Confirmatory experiments were per formed using known inhibitors of these currents. Results: The identities of the currents in the signature were established by varying the concentrations of extracellular cations and by adding known ion channel blockers to super- fusion solutions. Inhibition of each current had a characteristic and reproducible effect on the overall signature current. Conclusions: The consistent current signature in the presence and absence of blockers sug gests that this method could be used for tertiary electrophysiological evaluation of com pounds, eg, in a drug discovery program focusing on antiarrhythmic agents. The ability to assay for secondary effects of novel compounds against multiple currents in the target cell type is convenient and avoids the artefacts associated with using artificial expression systems.
Outbreak ofShewanella algaeandShewanella putrefaciensInfections Caused by a Shared Measuring Cup in a General Surgery Unit in Korea
Authors: Oh Hyang Soon , Kum Kyung Ah , Kim Eui-Chong , Lee Hoan-Jong , Choe Kang Won , Oh Myoung Don 
Published: July 2008

Objective.To control an outbreak ofShewanella algaeandS. putrefaciensinfections by identifying the risk factors for infection and transmission.Design.Matched case-control study.Setting.A university-affiliated tertiary acute care hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea, with approximately 1,600 beds.Patients.From June 20, 2003, to January 16, 2004, a total of 31 case patients withShewanellacolonization or infection and 62 control patients were enrolled in the study.Interventions.Requirement to use single-use measuring cups and standard precautions (including hand washing before and after patient care and use of gloves).Results.S. algaeorS. putrefacienswas isolated from blood, for 9 (29.0%) of 31 patients who acquired one of the organisms; from bile, for 8 (25.8%), and from ascitic fluid, for 8 (25.8%). The attack rate of this outbreak was 5.8% (31 patients infected or colonized, of 534 potentially exposed on ward A) and the pathogenicity of the two species together was 77.4% (24 patients infected, of 31 who acquired the pathogens). The estimated incubation period forShewanellaacquisition was 3–49 days. Using logistic analysis, we identified the following risk factors: presence of external drainage catheters in the hepatobiliary system (odds ratio [OR], 20;P< .001), presence of hepatobiliary disease (OR, 6.4;P< .001), admission to the emergency department of the hospital (OR, 2.9;P= .039), wound classification of “contaminated” or “dirty or infected” (OR, 16.5;P= .012), an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or higher (OR, 8.0;P= .006), duration of stay in ward A (OR, 1.1;P< .001), and, for women, an age of 60–69 years (OR, 13.3;P= .028). AShewanellaisolate was recovered from the surface of a shared measuring cup, and 12 isolates ofS. algaeshowed the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern.Conclusions.ThisShewanellaoutbreak had a single-source origin and spread by contact transmission via a contaminated measuring cup.Shewanellaspecies are emerging as potentially serious human pathogens in hospitals and could be included in hospital infection surveillance systems.
The wisdom of the commons: ensemble tree classifiers for prostate cancer prognosis
Authors: Koziol James A. , Feng Anne C. , Jia Zhenyu , Wang Yipeng , Goodison Seven , McClelland Michael , Mercola Dan 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Classification and regression trees have long been used for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Nevertheless, instability and variable selection bias, as well as overfitting, are well-known problems of tree-based methods. In this article, we investigate whether ensemble tree classifiers can ameliorate these difficulties, using data from two recent studies of radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer.
Results: Using time to progression following prostatectomy as the relevant clinical endpoint, we found that ensemble tree classifiers robustly and reproducibly identified three subgroups of patients in the two clinical datasets: non-progressors, early progressors and late progressors. Moreover, the consensus classifications were independent predictors of time to progression compared to known clinical prognostic factors.
Contact: dmercola@uci.edu