bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pulpal response to a direct filling resin without an inorganic filler‐Isopast
Authors: VALCKE C. F. , CLEATON‐JONES P. E. , AUSTIN J. C. , PAIN E. , VIEIRA E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA recently marketed direct filling resin, Isosite, does not have an inorganic filler. This material is offered as a hand‐mixed, two‐paste system (Isopast) and is also available in capsulated form and as an ultraviolet activated sytem. Since it is well known that direct filling resins used hitherto are capable of causing pulpal irritation, especially in deep cavities, the pulpal response to Isopast was investigated. The experimental animals were twenty‐four vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Under general anaesthesia a labial cavity was cut in each of the eight incisor teeth (maxillary and mandibular) of each animal. In each animal two cavities were filled with unlined Isopast, two with Isopast over a lining of calcium hydroxide cement, two with silicate cement and two with zinc oxide/eugenol cement. The animals were killed at intervals of 2, 28 and 56 days. The teeth recovered were decalcified and stained for histological examination. Of the total of 192 specimens sixty‐five were discarded, two because of accidental pulpal exposure, one because of leakage and sixy‐three because of technical defects in the preparation of the material, leaving 126 specimens available for assessment. This was done independently by three examiners who did not know which materials had elicited the reactions observed. It was found that after 2 days unlined Isopast caused more pulpal disturbance than other materials. After 28 and 56 day intervals lined Isopast caused less disturbance than the other materials. The maker's recommendation that linings should be used is confirmed.
Fluoride concentrations in fissure and cervical enamel of unerupted human teeth
Authors: GEDALIA I. , SOLDINGER M. , AZAZ B. , SOSKOLNE W. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryFluoride concentration of fissure enamel from unerupted third molars was higher than that of the cervical‐lingual but not cervical‐buccal surfaces at a similar depth of the removed enamel. The highest fluoride concentration was found in the fissure enamel due probably to its earlier formation, higher permeability and embedding tissue before eruption.
The rheological properties of polyelectrolyte cements
Authors: WATTS D. C. , COMBE E. C. , GREENER E. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe rheological properties of two glass ionomer cements, ASPA and Fuji have been investigated. The viscosities of the liquid components of these systems have been found to be Newtonian up to a shear rate of 140 s−1 with values of 0.80 N m−2 s for ASPA and 1.8 N m−2 for Fuji. Capillary viscometry techniques have been employed to study the rheological changes accompanying setting. Both cements appear to behave as power law fluids, becoming progressively dilatant as setting proceeds. The apparent viscosities of the two systems are approximately equivalent displaying values of the order of 50 N m‐2 s, at a shear rate of unity shortly after mixing.
Residual stresses in metal‐ceramic crowns
Authors: DÉRAND TORE 
Published: June 2007

SummaryResidual stresses in metal‐ceramic crowns were examined in three different ways. First, a mathematical formula was used to calculate the stresses in the cervical part of a crown. Second, plastic models was used where the strains were measured with strains‐gauges. Third, real crowns were used and strain gauges were attached on them. The results indicated that compressive stresses appeared in the porcelain‐metal interface. Compressive stresses were also found on the surfaces of the crowns and tensile stresses perpendicular to the interface.
Stresses in the anchor crowns of a metal‐ceramic bridge in model experiments
Authors: DÉRAND TORE 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA four‐unit principal model bridge was used. The stresses in the porcelain part of an anchor crown were analysed. When the middle of the span was loaded tensile stresses appeared in the outer surface of the porcelain and compressive ones in the interface. Greater stresses were found when the anchor crown was loaded itself. They were not critical, however, when the gold thickness was > 3 mm.
In vitro studies into the use of denture base and soft liner materials as carriers for drugs in the mouth
Authors: ADDY M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe potential of plasticized and polymerized acrylics to carry and release medicaments was investigated. Chlorhexidine acetate was incorporated at concentrations of 2, 5 and 10% into the powder phase of heat and cold cured acrylics and an acrylic gel soft liner. A preliminary bioassay demonstrated comparable release at anti‐bacterial levels from all three materials. Spectrophotometric and agar diffusion measurements of the chlorhexidine released into water showed the duration increased with the concentration of chlorhexidine incorporated. At 10% admixture the release from the polymerized and plasticized acrylics was in excess of 100 days. Light and scanning electron microscopy of polished and fractured surfaces of the polymerized acrylic showed the chlorhexidine distributed throughout the matrix of the materials. Following soaking in water, holes appeared in the matrix, particularly in the surface zones. Sections of the acrylic gel soft liner demonstrated chlorhexidine distributed as particulate material. Soaking in water caused vacuolation of the material and at higher concentrations material break‐up was apparent.
Instrumental colour measurement of vital and extracted human teeth
Authors: MACENTEE M. , LAKOWSKI R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Gamma Scientific 2400T telespectroradiometer and the Zeiss RFC3 abridge spectrophotometer gave comparable colorimetric values when analysing extracted teeth and Johnson Grey Tiles. The colour of vital teeth is influenced by the surrounding oral environment. The C.I.E. chromaticity of vital teeth and extracted teeth reported here differs significantly from the colour of teeth reported by other investigators.
Fluoride release from a fluoride‐containing amalgam, a glass ionomer cement and a silicate cement in artificial saliva
Authors: TVEIT ANNE BJØRG , GJERDET NILS ROAR 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study aimed to compare the fluoride release from a flouride‐containing amalgam, a silicate cement and a glass ionomer cement in artificial saliva. After storing specimens in an artificial saliva for 7 weeks, the fluoride content in the solvent was measured by a spectrophotometric method. The fluoride release from silicate cement was about 5 times greater than from glass ionomer cement, which again showed a release 4 times greater than the fluoride‐containing amalgam. The fluoride release relative to fluoride content in test specimens was greater from fluoride‐containing amalgam and silicate cement than from glass ionomer cement.
The effect of bite force on the duration and latency of the menton tap silent period
Authors: PALLA S. , Jr BAILEY J. O. , GRASSL H. , Jr ASH M. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of bite force changes on the duration and latency of the menton tap silent period and particularly whether a decrease in bite force can increase the duration of the silent period to the extent which may be found in dysfunctional patients. The menton tap silent period was recorded from both anterior temporal and masseter muscles while the subject was clenching at different force levels. A bilaterally stable force transducer was used to monitor the clenching force. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in the mean durations and latencies of silent periods at different clenching forces. They suggest that duration and latency are not related to the degree of clenching force.
Nocturnal masseter muscle activity and the symptoms of masticatory dysfunction
Authors: CLARK GLENN T. , BEEMSTERBOER PHYLLIS L. , RUGH JOHN D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study evaluated the level of nocturnal masseter activity and the symptoms of jaw dysfunction in eighty‐five subjects who varied with respect to degree of jaw dysfunction. A combined jaw dysfunction index was employed which evaluated both the patients subjective report of pain as well as the clinical examination evidence of jaw dysfunction. Using this combined index, a significant correlation was found between the level of nocturnal masseter activity and the signs and symptoms of jaw dysfunction. Tooth wear was also related to signs and symptoms of jaw dysfunction as well as high levels of nocturnal masseter muscle activity (bruxism).
Some advances in endosseous implants
Authors: LAVELLE C. L. B. , WEDGWOOD D. , LOVE W. B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA major advance in endosseous implantology hinges on the coating of titanium implants by porous biodegradable, bioreactive tricalcium phosphate ceramic. When implanted into alveolar bone by a careful technique, the ceramic is resorbed to be replaced by bone. As a result, the endosseous implant becomes ankylosed to the bone. This represents a stable implant/bone interface as opposed to the unstable connective tissue interface that encapsulates many other implant devices.
The tooth‐amalgam interaction
Authors: SARKAR N. K. , Jr FUYS R. A. , SCHOENFELD C. M. , ARMSTRONG L. M. , STANFORD J. W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe interaction between tooth and amalgam during in vitro corrosion of dental amalgams has been studied in this investigation. Extracted teeth have been restored with five commercial amalgams, one of which was γ2‐free and the others contained the γ2‐phase. The restored teeth were immersed in a 1% NaCl solution for 9 months. Post‐corrosion restorations have been examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray microanalysis. The results are: (1)γ2‐containing amalgam surfaces were covered with Ca‐Sn‐P‐rich corrosion products of various morphology which occasionally contained relatively low concentrations of Cl and/or Zn; (2) the corrosion products on the γ2‐free amalgam surface indicated relatively high concentrations of Hg in addition to Ca, P, Sn, Cu, and Zn. These results agree with the past observations that corrosion of amalgam restorations is not an isolated process. Rather it may involve reactions of the restoration and the surrounding oral environment including tooth and oral fluids in which interactions of Sn, Zn, Hg, Ca and P take place.
Induced growth of the mandibular condyle in the rat
Authors: BUCHNER R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAdvancement of the calcification front in the cartilage, which is a measure of the growth of the cartilage, can be determined by the administration of two dose bone‐markers at specific intervals. It appears that growth still takes place in animals of 12–18 months. This growth is possible by the persistence of chondrogenic cells. The overall growth of the central part of the condyle amounts to about 2 mm over the period from 2 to 18 months.Raising of the bite in the rat has an obvious influence on the temporomandibular joint, and on the condyle in particular. Within a few days an increase of growth‐rate of cartilage can be demonstrated. This extra growth is temporary, and the intensity and duration of the response is determined by the age of the animal. This adaptation is related to the presence of chondrogenic cells in the cartilaginous layer in the condyle.
Analysis for establishing chronological age of bone
Authors: MEIR E. , GEDALIA I. , SMITH P. , MAYER I. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn examination was carried out of the range of variations in the chemical components of human bone dating from 2100 to 2000 bpe.A comparison was made with bones of other ages. A definite connection was established in the samples, between the percentage of inorganic material and the age of the bone.
The use of glazing materials for finishing dental composite resin surfaces
Authors: LAMBRECHTS P. , VAN HERLE G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the retention of glazes on polished composite surfaces. Sections of three differently resin‐coated composites have been prepared in vitro and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All samples showed an interrupted interstice between glaze and composite. After ultrasonic cleaning of the composite surface, the empty porosities do not provide enough mechanical retention to retain the glaze. The difference in physical properties of both components may explain the releasing of the sealant. Surface conditioning with H3PO4 (37%) enhances the mechanical retention on coarse‐grained composites. The same effect occurs using chloroform. This chemical also realizes a partial chemical bond. However, it has been proved to be insufficient to prevent glaze releasing. Consequently, the use of glazing materials seems unsuitable for a permanent gloss on composite surfaces.
A more efficient biofeedback procedure for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism
Authors: MOSS ROBERT A. , HAMMER DAVID , ADAMS HENRY E. , JENKINS JACK O. , THOMPSON KEVIN , HABER JOEL 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study describes a novel approach in the use of a conditioning procedure for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated through its application with two nocturnal bruxists in controlled case study designs. Subject 1 received several variations of this procedure and the results indicated that using a loud tone which she manually reset after awakening was the most effective approach to this treatment. The second study was designed to compare the effectiveness of relaxation training to the conditioning technique. Subject 2 failed to show any decrease in her bruxing behaviour when taught relaxation. However, she showed immediate decreases in both frequency and duration of bruxing responses when treated with the biofeedback procedure. The need for future research in this area is discussed with emphasis on the development of low cost, home treatment units.
The fracture toughness of dental composites
Authors: LLOYD C. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA fracture mechanics approach has been adopted to quantify the failure of dental composites under stress. The parameter KIC has been determined by the use of SEN specimens subject to the variables of composite product type, storage environment, test environment and temperature, and polymerization time. The results show that KIc varies from product to product, increasing significantly if there is sufficient time for the absorption of storage water. The effect of test environment and temperature (over the range expected in vivo) is minor.
Observation and comparison of polished composite surfaces with the aid of SEM and profilometer
Authors: LAMBRECHTS P. , VAN HERLE G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryFourteen different composites were polished in vitro with Sof‐lex® 3M discs. The results were examined clinically, with SEM, and profilometrically. According to the clinical study the different materials were divided into three groups. Group A consisted of five composites, that could be polished up to a fair gloss. Group B contained five composites, where only a semi‐gloss could be obtained. Group C contained four products, whose surfaces remained dull after whatever polishing procedure. The SEM study affirmed these results. The products of group A showed smooth and homogeneous surfaces; hence their name: smooth‐surface composites. The products of group B can be considered as classic composites. Group C contains among others the glass ionomer cements. The profilometrical study pointed out that the roughness degree of group A was three times smaller than that of group B and five times smaller than that of group C. The polishing procedure was further analysed. Polishing material, technique and time are the most important factors in the finishing of composite fillings.
The utilization of roots to carry post‐retained crowns
Authors: TURNER C. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA retrospective study of 5‐year‐old post‐retained crowns made using a matched reamer/sprue technique, was carried out. Standardized radiographs enabled the length of post within the root to be compared with the maximum available length, and this was related to the success of the restoration. Six posts (11.5% of the sample) had become dislodged, of which four were successfully re‐cemented.The range of root utilization varied from 46 to 137% of the calculated ideal maximum length, indicating that radiographs or measurements were not used routinely as an aid to root preparation, and in some cases the integrity of the apical seal had been severely prejudiced. Despite some very short posts, no roots had fractured. The minimum length of post which ideally should be used has been calculated as 9 mm.
A procedure to achieve controlled pulp exposure: an explorative experiment
Authors: THÉ G. S. T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe present paper reports the development of a method by which controlled pulp exposure can be achieved. Buccal cavities in teeth of adult monkeys were prepared by very slow intermittent cutting, using air as a coolant. During each intermission the electrical resistance of the tissues was measured by means of direct current. One electrode contacted the gingiva and the other was the bur itself. The resistance values were related to observations in histological sections of the teeth. Under the conditions described, pulp exposure occurred at an electrical resistance of about 10 mega‐ohm (Mω).
Long latency components of the jaw jerk and blink reflex in man
Authors: WIDMALM SVEN‐ERIK 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn the present study, the electromyographic (EMG) activity in the masseter and temporal muscles during about 200 ms after chin taps (jaw jerk response) was compared with the EMG activity in the orbicularis oculi after glabella tap (blink reflex). In two of ten subjects components with long latency and duration, analogous to blink reflex components BR2 and BR3, were found in the masseter and temporal muscles. They may represent the mechanical contraction which results in jaw closure.In two of the subjects chin taps were found to elicit late responses in the orbicularis oculi with the same latencies (25–30 and 80–100 ms) as BR2 and BR3 associated with glabella tap.
Relationship between dental state and dietary intake in 70‐year‐old males and females in Göteborg, Sweden: a population study*
Authors: ÖSTERBERG T. , STEEN B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA representative sample of 368 70‐year‐old males and females in Göteborg, Sweden, participated in an odontological examination and a dietary interview. The aim of the study was to relate dental state to dietary habits and, furthermore, to study the possible influence of some social factors on these relations. The degree of dental invalidity was measured with Eichner's index. There was a highly significant correlation between this index and the number of teeth and tooth contacts. Dietary interviews were performed by a dietitian according to the dietary history method. Intake of several food items was significantly inversely related to the degree of dental invalidity in males but less so in females. The proportion of probands with insufficient intake of nutrients was in one or more respects higher among the edentulous than in the dentate and highest in the female edentulous probands with only one or no denture.Insufficient intakes of some nutrients were significantly related to the degree of dental invalidity. These relations remained unchanged in males but not in females when some socio‐economic factors were introduced as confounding factors in a multivariate relation analysis; which might be due to the fact that these social factors play a more important role in females than in males.
The comparative efficacy of relaxation training and masseter EMG feedback in the treatment of TMJ dysfunction
Authors: MOSS R. A. , WEDDING D. , SANDERS S. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe present series of single case studies was designed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of masseter EMG feedback with progressive relaxation training in the treatment of TMJ dysfunction. Study 1 employed a multiple baseline design across the symptoms of jaw pain, jaw tension and shoulder pain in a patient with chronic TMJ problems. The results indicated that relaxation training was the treatment responsible for improvements in subjective ratings of jaw pain and tension, whereas masseter EMG feedback provided little additional benefit. Trapezius EMG feedback was necessary to provide improvements in ratings of shoulder pain. Study 2 consisted of four single case designs in which masseter EMG feedback and relaxation training were compared with four TMJ patients. Results indicated that relaxation produced clear improvements in pain and tension ratings for two patients, a combination of EMG feedback and relaxation training resulted in slight improvements in one patient, and neither treatment procedure was effective for the final patient. The possibility of wide‐scale application of relaxation training with TMJ patients and the need for further controlled research of masseter EMG feedback were discussed.
Tooth contact patterns and contractile activity of the elevator jaw muscles during mastication of two different types of food
Authors: MOHAMED S. E. , CHRISTENSEN L. V. , HARRISON J. D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe pattern of molar and canine contacts and the contractile activity of the masseter and anterior temporal muscle were studied, through integrated electromyography, during right‐sided mastication of banana and apple in ten healthy male subjects. Tooth contacts occurred on both the chewing and the non‐chewing side. This study does not support the clinical concept that non‐chewing side contacts are necessarily detrimental to the jaw muscles and the temporomandibular joints. The activity of the elevator jaw muscles and the tooth contact patterns suggest that the mandible tilted around a sagittal axis, and rotated around a vertical axis, during the phase of elevation of a masticatory cycle.
The chloride corrosion behaviour of four orthodontic wires
Authors: SARKAR N. K. , REDMOND W. , SCHWANINGER B. , GOLDBERG A. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPotentiodynamic cyclic polarization of four orthodontic alloys (wires), namely Permachrome, Elgiloy, a β‐titanium alloy and Nitinol in a 1 % NaCl solution within −500 mV and +300 mV (SCE) indicated the first three alloys to be passive whereas breakdown of passivity was observed on Nitinol. The SEM examination of the pre‐and post‐polarized alloy surfaces provided evidence which was consistent with the electrochemical measurements, in that the first three alloys exhibited no appreciable corrosion damage whereas pitting corrosion was observed on Nitinol.The results obtained from X‐ray analysis of the pitted surface indicated that this pitting could be due to selective dissolution of nickel from Nitinol.