bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The amplified WWP1 gene is a potential molecular target in breast cancer
Authors: Chen Ceshi , Zhou Zhongmei , Ross Jeffrey S. , Zhou Wei , Dong Jin‐Tang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe amplification of the q21 band of chromosome 8 (8q21) occurs in a large percentage of breast cancers. WWP1, an HECT domain‐containing ubiquitin E3 ligase located in the 8q21 region, negatively regulates the TGF‐β tumor suppressor pathway. To characterize the role of WWP1 in breast cancer, we analyzed WWP1 gene dosage and expression level as well as WWP1's function. A copy number gain of WWP1 was found in 51% (18/35) of breast cancer cell lines and in 41% (17/41) of primary breast tumors. Expression of WWP1 mRNA was analyzed with real‐time RT‐PCR, Northern blot, and Western blot. WWP1 mRNA is up‐regulated in 58% (19/33) of breast cancer cell lines, and overexpression of WWP1 is significantly correlated with a gene copy number gain. In a panel of cDNA from primary breast tumors and normal tissues, expression of WWP1 in tumors is significantly higher than that in normal tissues. Functionally, RNAi‐mediated WWP1 knockdown significantly induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis in the MCF7 and HCC1500 breast cancer cell lines. Consistently, WWP1 inhibition activated caspases. Forced overexpression of WWP1 by the lentiviral system in 2 immortalized breast epithelial cell lines MCF10A and 184B5 promoted cell proliferation. These results suggest that genomic aberrations of WWP1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical pseudocysts of the pancreas: An ultrasonographic evaluation
Authors: Laing Faye C. , Gooding Gretchen A. W. , Brown Thomas , Leopold George R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonograms of most pseudocysts have a typical appearance — sharply defined, smooth wall, ovoid, located in the region of the pancreas. However, in reviewing the sonographic appearance of pseudocysts, other ultrasonographic characteristics may occasionally be encountered. Eleven patients with atypical pseudocysts are presented. The demonstration of multiple septations, multiple echoes within a sonolucent mass, and even failure to enhance posteriorly should not exclude the diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst in the proper clinical setting. The value of serial scans is also stressed. In this series, it was possible to suggest the diagnosis of infection, hemorrhage, and rupture of pseudocysts by demonstrating cysts with more typical appearances on prior examinations.
Real time observation of left atrial myxoma with high speed b mode echocardiography
Authors: Hibi Norio , Fukui Yoichi , Nishimura Kinya , Miwa Arata , Kambe Tadashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour patients with left atrial myxoma were studied using high speed B mode echocardiography with a mechanical sector scanning system. In all four patients, a mass of echoes was recognized in the left atrial chamber during systole. Its lower portion protruded into the left ventricle through the mitral orifice in diastole. The degree of protrusion of the tumor echo varied. An analysis of three cross sections, long axis of left ventricle, sagittal and horizontal axes, showed that the tumor moved anterosuperiorly to posteroinferiorly in the left‐sided heart chambers. Its movement was clearly observed in real time. The echo pattern from the tumor had an appearance of mottling, not layering. The myxomas were successfully removed from the left atrial chambers by surgical intervention in all cases.
The normal pancreas: Acoustic characteristics and frequency of imaging
Authors: Filly Roy A. , London Stuart S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article reports the results of a study designed to evaluate both pancreatic echogenicity and success of visualizing recognizable pancreatic tissue. The acoustic characteristics of the normal pancreas were compared with those of the liver. Of 100 scans reviewed, 65 scans (65 percent) depicted recognizable pancreatic tissue. Two cases were discarded on the basis of hepatocellular disease, and one case was discarded because of hepatic metastases. Thirty‐two cases demonstrated pancreatic echogenicity greater than that of the liver, and 30 cases demonstrated pancreatic echogenicity equivalent to that of the liver. We found no normal pancreas that displayed less echogenicity than the liver. A hypothesis is offered to explain the observed results.
Echo doppler detection of pulmonary stenosis by time‐interval histogram analysis
Authors: Goldberg Stanley J. , Areias Jose C. , Spitaels Silja E. C. , de Villeneuve Volkert H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe conducted this investigation to determine the clinical utility of time‐interval histogram (TIH) analysis of the output of the range‐gated pulsed Doppler in children with pulmonary stenosis. The interpreters and performers of the test were kept as blind as possible to the diagnosis. Fourteen children with valvular pulmonary stenosis and 52 control subjects were evaluated. Diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization in 13 of 14 experimental analyses and 43 of 52 control analyses. The TIH criterion tested was a frequency dispersion greater than 1 cm in vertical amplitude or a dispersion greater than one‐third of the amplitude of the total complex in larger complexes. Both evaluators detected those children with pulmonary stenosis in 13 of 14 instances. Only one examiner detected the abnormality in the other child. Both examiners found pulmonary flow disturbances by TIH evaluation in 16 of 52 controls; one examiner found flow disturbances in 3 other controls. None of these children had a discernible pulmonary valve gradient at catheterization. In most instances the latter flow disturbances represented series effects of disturbed flow. Small numbers of false negative and false positive results occurred, but the results of detection of true pulmonary stenosis were significant (p < 0.0001). This investigation demonstrates the clinical utility of TIH evaluation for detecting pulmonary stenosis.
Differential diagnosis of hypoechoic and anechoic masses with gray scale sonography: New observations
Authors: Bree Robert L. , Silver Terry M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the technological advances in gray scale sonography that have permitted the use of higher‐frequency transducers and expansion of the acoustic dynamic range, increasing problems in differentiating solid masses and fluid‐filled masses have become apparent. These difficulties can be overcome by strict adherence to proper scanning techniques, which involve transducer selection, tissue attenuation compensation, and alterations in patient position. The availability of variable‐dynamic‐range signal processing and the use of real‐time scanning can further increase one's confidence in the correct interpretation of these masses. The primary criteria for determining that a mass is fluid‐filled have been expanded to include the presence of reverberation echoes, the “lateral shades” sign, and the presence of septations. In the past, hypoechoic masses with low‐level internal echoes were termed “complex.” Both fluid‐filled masses and solid masses may fall into this category. By use of the sonographic criteria, an attempt should be made to determine whether a mass is primarily fluid‐filled or solid. Specific anatomic locations and pathologic conditions in which differential diagnosis may be difficult are illustrated; these include abdominal masses, hepatic and renal masses, and pelvic masses.
Ultrasound characteristics of abdominal abscesses involving foreign bodies (gauze)
Authors: Sekiba Kaoru , Akamatsu Nobuo , Niwa Kuniyasu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree cases of abdominal abscesses involving gauze were studied by B‐mode ultrasound. Thick irregular boundary echoes and irregular internal echoes of high amplitude were most characteristic. The ultrasound tomograms are presented, and their characteristics are discussed.
Cancer therapy with ultrasound: A historical review
Authors: Kremkau Frederick W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe 45‐year history of research in cancer therapy involving ultrasound may be divided into the four periods of initiation, enthusiasm, pessimism, and revival. There have been three approaches to the subject: studies have sought to measure the effects on tumors of (a) ultrasound alone, (b) ultrasound in combination with radiotherapy, and (c) ultrasound in combination with chemotherapy. With the first approach the results have varied. In some cases, decreased growth rates or regressions of tumors have been reported; in other cases, either no effect has been observed or growth has been increased. With the second approach, for some tumors, combined treatment has produced greater effects on tumors than has x‐ray alone, whereas in other tumors the addition of ultrasound has produced no change. With the third approach, enhancement of the effects of drugs has been observed in melanoma and mouse tumor cells treated with ultrasound and several anticancer drugs. The mechanism of action in most (but not all) cases has appeared to be absorption heating. The potential of ultrasound to provide local tumor control and to enhance other therapy modes has motivated the current efforts by several groups to further study and understand its actions on malignancies.
Diagnostic ultrasound in breast cancer: Analysis of retrotumorous echo patterns correlated with sonic attenuation by cancerous connective tissue
Authors: Kobayashi Toshiji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEchographic diagnosis of breast cancer has been used in clinical medicine for the past several years. Echographic findings and characteristics suggesting differentiation between malignant and benign tumors have been reported by various investigators. These signs are analyzed in correlation with histological findings, especially cancerous connective tissue and nonconnective tissue and retrotumorous shadow patterns in clinical echograms of various breast cancers. Special reference is made to ultrasound attenuation related to bioacoustical tissue characteristics. This causal mechanism provides a stepping‐stone for further improvements in ultrasound apparatus designed for clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. Furthermore, it may stimulate basic research on the bioacoustical properties of ultrasound reflection, absorption, and velocity.
Transducer beam pattern test object
Authors: Hefner Lance V. , Parks John A. , Goldstein Albert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new test object has been developed that generates images of transducer beam patterns on B‐mode hardcopy. The extent and depth of the transducer focal zone are measured from these images. The predictions made from test object images were verified in the clinical images obtained from two 3.5‐MHz focused transducers. Using the test object images, we have found that we can make a more rational selection of transducer for each clinical situation.
Ultrasound criteria for in utero diagnosis of microcephaly
Authors: Kurtz Alfred B. , Wapner Ronald J. , Rubin Carl S. , Cole‐Beuglet Catherine , Ross R. Douglas , Goldberg Barry B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMicrocephaly (small head) is clinically important only if there is concomitant micrencephaly (small brain). Extensive studies on patients in mental institutions have shown that there is close correlation among microcephaly, micrencephaly, and mental retardation when the head is more than three standard deviations below the norm. If the small head is less than two standard deviations below the norm, no strong correlation exists with either small brain or mental retardation. High‐resolution ultrasound permits imaging of the fetal head in utero, allowing accurate evaluation of head size and detection of intracranial anomalies. The microcephalics detected in utero over a 2‐year period form the basis of this series, showing close correlation with the known clinical data on children with microcephaly. An approach to ultrasound detection and evaluation of fetal microcephaly is proposed.
Pseudo‐mitral‐valve echogram following prosthetic mitral valve replacement
Authors: Kessler Kenneth M. , Rahim Abdur , Rodriguez Daniel , Kaplan Sherman R. , Samet Philip 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEchocardiographic recordings from a patient with a prosthetic mitral valve revealed echoes within the left ventricular cavity that mimicked the motion pattern of a „normal”︁ anterior mitral leaflet. The echo pattern was continuous, recorded from multiple views, and by two‐dimensional images it was localized to the level of the papillary muscles. Although thrombus and vegetation are possibilities, this echo probably originates from a pliable chordal structure severed but not removed at the time of surgery. The apparent responsiveness to hemodynamic influences was striking, and we suggest that the prevalence and pathophysiologic implications of such findings are of potential import.
The significance of sonographic gallbladder wall thickening
Authors: Sanders Roger C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe value of gallbladder thickening in predicting the presence of acute cholecystitis was assessed by reviewing gallbladder sonograms for 150 normal patients, 15 fasting normal patients, 24 patients with proven acute cholecystitis, 24 patients with ascites or an alcoholic history, and 50 patients with surgically proven chronic cholecystitis and gallstones. Thickened gallbladder walls were found in all patients with ascites, 45 percent of patients with acute cholecystitis, and approximately 10 percent of those with chronic cholecystitis. The finding of gallbladder wall thickening is suggestive evidence of acute cholecystitis, but it is not a pathognomonic finding.
Effects of transient regional ischemia on left ventricular diastolic function
Authors: Conetta Donald A. , Christie Leonard G. , Feldman Robert L. , Nichols Wilmer W. , Pepine Carl J. , Conti C. Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSimultaneous left ventricular echograms and high‐gain pressure recordings were made during 30 s of regional myocardial ischemia induced by snare occlusions of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) or left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries in open‐chest dogs. Left ventricular diastolic diameter (d) and pressure (p) were measured during slow filling. A normalized (for diameter D) distensibility estimate (DE = Δd/Δp/D) was calculated, as were slow filling slopes (SFSs) of the septum and posterior wall. After occlusion, significant (p < 0.05) decreases of DE and anterior and posterior left‐ventricular‐wall mid‐diastolic normalized slow‐filling slopes (ASFS/D and PSFS/D) were observed. Correlations were noted between percentage decreases of DE and ASFS/D (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001) and PSFS/D (r = 0.62, p < 0.0001). No significant differences between decreases of DE and SFS were noted between ischemic and non‐ischemic regions. Transient regional myocardial ischemia was associated with a generalized alteration in left ventricular filling patterns in mid‐diastole.
Improved echocardiographic evaluation of the closed‐chest canine: Methods and anatomic observations
Authors: Baylen Barry G. , Garner Daniel J. , Laks Michael M. , Yoshida Yoshiro , Emmanouilides George C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes an improved and convenient method of obtaining echocardiograms from the precordial surface of the closed‐chest conscious dog. All major cardiac structures were identified using contrast echocardiography. Anatomic relations and the orientation of cardiac structures to the ultrasound transducer in the position of study were established by postmortem examinations. Good quality echocardiograms were obtained from nine of 11 conscious dogs. Highly significant correlations were found when comparing left ventricular systolic time intervals measured from simultaneous echo and pressure recordings. This method has advantages over other echo techniques; namely, elimination of surgical intervention, displacement of interfering lung tissue, and wider field available for study with a minimum of reverberation artifact. The ability to obtain echocardiograms from the chronic experimental dog under physiologic conditions might provide new and improved applications of echocardiography for the evaluation of human cardiac disorders.
Capabilities and limitations of pulsed Doppler sonography in carotid imaging
Authors: Berry Silvia M. , O'Donnell Joseph A. , Hobson Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulsed Doppler ultrasonic imaging of the extracranial carotid arteries was performed in 118 patients (226 arteries) in whom selective contrast arteriograms were available for comparison to ultrasonic images. Specificity for the detection of normal and stenosis less than 50% was 84%, whereas sensitivity for detecting stenosis greater than 50% and occlusion of the internal carotid arteries was 89%. Overall accuracy was 85%. Capabilities and limitations in the use of the technique are presented in selected case reports.
Sonographic characteristics of congenital uterine abnormalities and associated pregnancy
Authors: Jones Thomas B. , Fleischer Arthur C. , Daniell James F. , Lindsey Anne M. , James A. Everette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFaulty development of the mullerian duct system results in various uterine, vaginal, and renal abnormalities. Complete or partial absence of mullerian duct fusion and/or canalization results in septate, bicornuate, or double uterus; the specific anomaly depends upon the degree of fusion and canalization. Unilateral renal agenesis is frequently associated. Three cases of uterine anomalies associated with pregnancy are presented. When a pregnancy occurs in one side of a double uterus, the nonpregnant side may simulate a solid pelvic mass, such as a leiomyoma. In anomalies where there is a communication between two uterine cavities, the nonpregnant side may acquire the appearance of a cystic mass. Pregnancy associated with uterine anomalies carries significant morbidity.
Ultrasonic effects on alveolar macrophages in suspension
Authors: Leake Eva S. , Wright Mary Jo , Kremkau Frederick W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit alveolar macrophages in suspension were exposed to 5 or 10 min of continuous 2‐MHz ultrasound with 5, 10, and 15 W/cm2 spatial average intensities. Viability as determined by dye exclusion decreased with increasing intensity. Pressure experiments indicated that this was a result of acoustic cavitation. Ultrasound induced clumping of cells and often reduced membrane ruffling. Some cells were disintegrated. Cells that appeared to be otherwise intact had swollen mitochondria with ruptured cristae.
Reproducibility of echocardiography in chronic congestive heart failure
Authors: Unverferth Donald V. , Lewis Richard P. , Leier Carl V. , Magorien Raymond D. , Fulkerson Phillip K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to define the reproducibility of serial echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular size and function. Fourteen patients in stable condition after heart failure (Group I) had five weekly outpatient echocardiograms performed by a single technician with blinded interpretation. The average end‐diastolic diameter (EDD) of all patients was 68 mm, with a mean standard deviation of 4 mm and a 95% confidence interval of 8 mm. The average end‐systolic diameter (ESD) was 58 mm; the 95% confidence interval was 6 mm. The % Δ D averaged 15.7%; the 95% confidence interval was 5.6%. A group of four patients with heart failure (Group II) had daily echocardiograms while undergoing continuous hemodynamic monitoring. Pulmonary capillary blood pressure and thermodilution cardiac outputs were stable throughout the 4‐day study period. Daily morning echographic measurements were constant, with the 95% confidence interval of the EDD being only 4 mm. The ESD and % Δ D had 95% confidence intervals of 2 mm and 3.2%, respectively. The narrow range of measurements (narrow confidence intervals) demonstrates the excellent reproducibility of these echocardiographic parameters.
Ultrasonic features of preeclampsia
Authors: Carroll Barbara 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPreeclampsia, the hypertension of pregnancy, is a high‐risk obstetric situation that can be monitored ultrasonically. Ultrasonic features commonly associated with preeclampsia, including decreased total intrauterine volume (TIUV), oligohydramnios, and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), are presented and their possible prognostic implications discussed.
Ultrasonic prediction of complications following normal vaginal delivery
Authors: Lipinski J. Kenneth , Adam A. Hunter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred uncomplicated pregnancies of primigravida and secundigravida gestation were scanned within 24 hr of delivery. The ultrasonic appearances of the uterus were categorized into three groups: (1) empty uterus; (2) cavity separation indicating blood or clot; and (3) dense cavity echoes representing retained tissue. The presence of blood and clot in the puerperium is a common occurrence that resolves spontaneously. Retained tissues of conception were present in 10 cases and were passed spontaneously in four women within the first 3 days postpartum. The presence of retained tissue after the fourth day is support for surgical evacuation of the uterus. Gray‐scale ultrasonic examination was accurate in diagnosing all of these cases.
Sonography of polypoid gastric lesions by the fluid‐filled stomach method
Authors: Kremer Heinrich , Gröbner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fluid‐filled stomach allows visualization of the gastric wall on real‐time ultrasonic examination. In four cases with small focal gastric wall lesions (two cases with hyperplastic polyps, one with pseudopolypoid lesions, and one with polypoid infiltration of the gastric mucosa by maligant lymphoma), typical ultrasonic pictures were demonstrated. The polypoid lesions were located on the anterior and posterior gastric walls and at the gastric fundus, respectively. All who use the gastric sonic window for imaging the pancreas or the left upper abdomen should be aware that focal gastric lesions are also observable.
Fetal echocardiography: Present and future applications
Authors: Roczen Rebecca Schulz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal heart motion was observed by T‐M‐mode echocardiography from the twelfth to fortieth week of gestation in 47 apparently normal pregnancies. In the earliest case (at 12 weeks), cardiac pulsations were recorded in a fetus in which the heart sounds couldnot be detected by Doppler ultrasound. The left and right ventricular dimensionsand left‐to‐right ventricular ratios were determined in 24 of the 35 fetuses in which high‐quality images were obtained. Interventricular septal motion was evaluated in 30 of these 35 fetuses. Potential clinical applications of echocardiography in evaluating fetal status are also presented.
Cardiovascular abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Chia B. L. , Mah Evelyn P. K. , Feng P. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEchocardiographic examinations of 21 unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus revealed a wide variety of abnormalities. The abnormalities consisted of substantial pericardial effusion in five patients (24%) and a thickened pericardium in six patients (29%);significantly larger left atrial and left ventricular dimensions and significantly smaller ejection fraction percentages, fractional shortening of the left ventricle, and rate of early diastolic mitral valve closure compared to that in a control group of subjects; and paradoxical and hypokinetic movement of the septum in one patient (5%) each.The presence of pericardial effusion and a thickened septum and a decrease in the ejection fraction percentage, fractional shorteningof the left ventricle, and mitral valve diastolic closing velocity showed no correlation with previous hypertension, the presence or absence of anemia, renal failure, serum levels of proteins, and duration of patients' illnesses.Long‐term follow‐up studies to determine the implications of these subclinical cardiac abnormalities using noninvasive techniques (such as echocardiography) is vitally important.