bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Structural Activity Relationship and Antitubercular Activity of Novel Pyrazoline Derivatives.
Authors: Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Shaharyar Mohammad , Siddiqui Anees Ahamed 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl/Aralkyl‐2‐(1‐arylsulfonylalkyl)benzimidazoles under PTC Conditions.
Authors: Dubey P. K. , Reddy P. V. V. Prasada , Srinivas K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ytterbium(III) Triflate Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N‐Arylimines and Epoxides: A Novel and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Substituted 1,3‐Oxazolidines.
Authors: Yu Chuanming , Dai Xiaoping , Su Weike 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Regioselectivity in the Reaction Between Cycloalkenyl‐1‐diazenes and Thioamides: Useful Entry to Fused Cycloalkyl‐thiazoline and Cycloalkyl‐thiazoline—Pyrazole Systems.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , Berretta Stefano , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Filippone Paolino , Giorgi Gianluca , Lillini Samuele , Mantellini Fabio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal Triflate Catalyzed Reactions of Alkenes, NBS, Nitriles, and TMSN3: Synthesis of 1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazoles.
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Sinha Debarshi , Bhowmick Manishabrata 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of a Novel Class of Flavonoids: 2,4‐Diarylchromane[4,3‐d]‐Δ1,9b‐1,2,3‐thiadiazolines.
Authors: Ying Huazhou , Hu Yongzhou , He Qiaojun , Li Runping , Yang Bo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of 2‐(Methoxycarbonyl)phenyllead Triacetate in Lactone Synthesis.
Authors: Maryasin B. A. , Shavyrin A. S. , Finet J.‐P. , Fedorov A. Yu. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 4‐Aminopolymethoxycoumarins from 4‐Hydroxycoumarin Triflates.
Authors: Ganina O. G. , Veselov I. S. , Grishina G. V. , Fedorov A. Yu. , Beletskaya I. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of N‐(3‐Arylmethyl‐2‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl)benzamides
Authors: Tu Shujiang , Zhang Junyong , Jia Runhong , Jiang Bo , Zhang Yan , Yao Changsheng , Jiang Hong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and HIV‐1 Integrase Inhibitory Activity of Spiroundecane(ene) Derivatives.
Authors: Shults Elvira E. , Semenova Elena A. , Johnson Allison A. , Bondarenko Svetlana P. , Bagryanskaya Irina Y. , Gatilov Yuri V. , Tolstikov Genrikh A. , Pommier Yves 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Synthesis of Furo[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives Through Multicomponent Reactions in Water.
Authors: Tu Shu‐Jiang , Zhang Yan , Jiang Hong , Jiang Bo , Zhang Jun‐Yong , Jia Run‐Hong , Shi Feng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 1‐Arylsulfonyl‐3‐piperazinone Derivatives as Factor Xa Inhibitors. Part 6. A Series of New Derivatives Containing N,S‐ and N,SO2‐Spiro Acetal Scaffolds.
Authors: Saitoh Fumihiko , Nishida Hidemitsu , Mukaihira Takafumi , Kosuga Naoto , Ohkouchi Munetaka , Matsusue Tomokazu , Shiromizu Ikuya , Hosaka Yoshitaka , Matsumoto Miwa , Yamamoto Ichiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fused Polycyclic Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 15. 1,3‐Bis(4‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxycarbonyl‐3,5‐diphenylthiazolidin‐2‐ylideneami no)benzene in the Synthesis of Thiazolo[3,4‐a]quinoxalines.
Authors: Mamedov V. A. , Khafizova E. A. , Berdnikov E. A. , Levin Ya. A. , Rizvanov I. Kh. , Bauer I. , Habicher W. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Tricyclic Benzobisoxazines by Silica Gel Catalysis.
Authors: Spagnol Gaelle , Rajca Andrzej , Rajca Suchada 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxo Heterocycles. Part 52. Reactions of 5‐Aryl‐4‐(quinoxalin‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐dihydrofuran‐2,3‐diones with Schiff Bases and Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Crystalline and Molecular Structure of Substituted 2‐(4‐Oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐oxazin‐5‐yl)quinoxalines.
Authors: Lisovenko N. Yu. , Maslivets A. N. , Aliev Z. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazino[5,6‐g]benzo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazine 1,3,7,9‐Tetraoxides.
Authors: Frumkin A. E. , Churakov A. M. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Tartakovsky V. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted‐3H‐benzo[b][1,4]diazepines in Water.
Authors: Palimkar Sanjay S. , Lahoti Rajgopal J. , Srinivasan Kumar V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Synthetic Routes for 1‐Benzyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane and 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane‐1‐acetic Acid Ethyl Ester, Important Starting Materials for Metal‐Coded DOTA‐Based Affinity Tags.
Authors: Kohl Stephan W. , Kuse Katharina , Hummert Markus , Schumann Herbert , Muegge Clemens , Janek Katharina , Weisshoff Hardy 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carbonyl Allenylation/Free Radical Cyclization Sequence as a New Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled Access to Bi‐ and Tricyclic β‐Lactams
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina , Redondo Maria C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Coupling—Cyclization of 1,2‐Allenyl Phosphonic Acid Monoesters with Allylic Halides and Their Application to the Synthesis of 1,3‐Dihydro[2,1]benzoxaphosphole 1‐Oxides.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Yu Fei , Zhao Jinbo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Regioselective Total Synthesis of the Fungal Sesquiterpene (.+‐.)‐Lagopodin A.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Babu R. Ramesh , Ravikumar P. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Disaccharides as Sialic Acid Aldolase Substrates: Synthesis of Disaccharides Containing a Sialic Acid at the Reducing End.
Authors: Huang Shengshu , Yu Hai , Chen Xi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Indazoles and Benzoisoxazoles via Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions: Application to the Synthesis of Nigellicine.
Authors: Inamoto Kiyofumi , Katsuno Mika , Yoshino Takashi , Arai Yukari , Hiroya Kou , Sakamoto Takao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The First Chemical Synthesis of 6‐Thio‐D‐fructopyranose via Methyl 6‐Bromo‐6‐deoxy‐1,3‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐fructofuranoside as a Key Intermediate
Authors: Hanaya Tadashi , Sato Nobuaki , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Organosilicon Di‐ and Polyfunctional Compounds
Authors: Mukbaniani O. , Zaikov G. , Tatrishvili T. , Mukbaniani N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Homoallyl Ethers via Allylation of Acetals and Aldehydes in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Mohan Ram S. , Anzalone Peter W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Approaches to Imino Diels—Alder Reactions in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kim Richard , Meracz Ildiko , Serbulea Laura , Cebero Geronimo , Oh Taeboem 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Chemistry and Biology of Epothilones — The Wheel Keeps Turning
Authors: Altmann Karl‐Heinz , Pfeiffer Bernhard , Arseniyadis Stellios , Pratt Benjamin A. , Nicolaou K. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lithium Diisopropylamide: Solution Kinetics and Implications for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Collum David B. , McNeil Anne J. , Ramirez Antonio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Domino Reactions of 1,3‐Bis(silyl enol ethers) with 4‐(Trialkylsilyloxy)benzopyrylium Triflates
Authors: Langer Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Porphyrin Rotaxanes and Catenanes: Copper(I)‐Templated Synthesis and Photoinduced Processes
Authors: Flamigni Lucia , Heitz Valerie , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2′,3′‐Didehydro‐2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides via Nucleoside Route
Authors: Len Christophe , Postel Denis 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Results Toward the Stereoselective Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products
Authors: Dias Luiz C. , de Oliveira Luciana G. , Meira Paulo R. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Docetaxel: A therapeutic option in the treatment of cutaneous angiosarcoma
Authors: Nagano Tohru , Yamada Yozo , Ikeda Tetsuya , Kanki Haruhisa , Kamo Tsuneyoshi , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Effective treatment options are limited for patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma (AS). Docetaxel, a member of the taxane family of drugs, reportedly has been effective in the treatment of lung, head and neck, and breast cancers. Another taxane drug, paclitaxel, reportedly had unique activity in the treatment of AS of the scalp and neck and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome‐related Kaposi sarcoma. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that docetaxel may be of value in the treatment of cutaneous AS that is resistant to conventional therapy. However, there were only 3 case reports of the successful treatment of AS in elderly patients using docetaxel in combination with surgery and radiotherapy.METHODS.This was a retrospective trial. After written informed consent was obtained, docetaxel was administered intravenously at a dose of 25 mg/m2 for 1 hour weekly over a period of 8 weeks on the basis of previous reports. This treatment regimen was received by 9 patients with cutaneous AS who were treated at Kobe University Hospital between January 2003 and October 2006.RESULTS.Six of the 9 patients who received treatment achieved major responses, including 2 complete responses and 4 partial responses. Neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy were not prominent, although severe radiation dermatitis enhanced by the docetaxel was observed in 3 patients. There were no deaths attributable to this therapy.CONCLUSIONS.The current study demonstrated that docetaxel was effective in patients with cutaneous AS. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
On the use of general elements in fluid dynamics simulations
Authors: Chalasani S. , Senguttuvan V. , Thompson D. , Luke E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAs flow solvers have become more sophisticated, many now have the capability to handle meshes with general polyhedral elements, i.e. general elements. In response, researchers have begun to develop mesh generation strategies that exploit nonstandard element types. General elements have been employed locally in near‐body extruded meshes to improve mesh quality and have also been
used in solution adaptive mesh refinement algorithms. In this paper, we present two mesh generation strategies that employ general elements. We also discuss how a specific flow solver is formulated to work with general elements. We demonstrate our approach by presenting simulation results for two realistic configurations. We close with a discussion that highlights future research directions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spray pyrolysis deposition and characterization of highly (100) oriented magnesium oxide thin films
Authors: Moses Ezhil Raj A. , Nehru L. C. , Jayachandran M. , Sanjeeviraja C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTransparent dielectric thin films of MgO has been deposited on quartz substrates at different temperatures between 400 and 600°C by a pneumatic spray pyrolysis technique using Mg(CH3COO)2·4H2O as a single molecular precursor. The thermal behavior of the precursor magnesium acetate is described in the results of thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The prepared films are reproducible, adherent to the substrate, pinhole free and uniform. Amongst the different spray process parameters, the substrate temperature effect has been optimized for obtaining single crystalline and transparent MgO thin films. The films crystallize in a cubic structure and X‐ray diffraction measurements have shown that the polycrystalline MgO films prepared at 500°C with (100) and (110) orientations are changed to (100) preferred orientation at 600°C. The MgO phase formation was also confirmed with the recorded Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results. The films deposited at 600°C exhibited highest optical transmittivity (>80%) and the direct band gap energy was found to vary from 4.50 to 5.25 eV with a rise in substrate temperature from 500 to 600°C. The measured sheet resistance and the resistivity of the film prepared at 600°C were respectively 1013Ω/□ and 2.06x107Ω cm. The surface morphology of the prepared MgO thin films was examined by atomic force microscopy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation on photorefractive properties of doped lithium niobate
Authors: Li H. T. , Fan Y. X. , Guo F. Y. , Zhang S. H. , Zhao L. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCu:LiNbO3 crystal and Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski method from congruent melt. The OH‐ absorption spectrum of doped lithium niobate crystals was measured. The photorefractive properties of doped crystals were studied by the two‐wave coupling method. The results of the two‐wave coupling experiments showed that as the concentration of doping ions increased, the diffraction efficiency and the dynamic range enhanced, the holographic response time shortened. The recording time of Fe(0.10wt%): Cu(0.10wt%): LiNbO3 crystal is only a tenth of that of Cu(0.05wt%): LiNbO3 crystal. Among all samples, the dynamic range of the Fe(0.10wt%): Cu(0.10wt%): LiNbO3 crystal was the most largest (up to 40.78). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, crystal growth, spectral, thermal and optical properties of acenaphthene picrate
Authors: Chandramohan A. , Bharathikannan R. , Kandhaswamy M. A. , Chandrasekaran J. , Kandavelu V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe crystalline material of acenaphthene picrate (ACP) was synthesized and the single crystals of the title compound grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The solubility of the complex compound was estimated using different solvents as chloroform, ethanol, (1:1) chloroform ‐ acetone mixture. The material was characterized through elemental analysis; powder XRD, NMR and FTIR techniques. The various planes of reflection have been identified from the XRD powder pattern. The formation of the charge transfer complex was confirmed by UV‐VIS spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the crystals was studied using TG/DTA analyses techniques. The second harmonic generation (SHG) of the material was confirmed by using Nd: YAG laser. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Verformungsverhalten von Kellerwänden unter Berücksichtigung des tatsächlichen Materialverhaltens
Authors: Vassilev Todor 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDer Beitrag stellt ein am Lehrstuhl für Tragwerksplanung der TU Dresden entwickeltes Verfahren zur Untersuchung des Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens von auf Biegung und Druck beanspruchten Mauerwerkswänden vor. Ein Vorläufer des Verfahrens wurde in für die Analyse des Knickverhaltens von Mauerwerk mit Erfolg angewendet. Der eingeschlagene Lösungsweg ist iterativ und baut auf einem diskreten einaxialen Rechenmodell auf. Die globale Analyse wird auf der Grundlage des Übertragungsverfahrens geführt und liefert die Makroreaktion des Systems in Form des Schnittkraft‐ und Verformungszustands. Der Spannungsberechnung wird ein speziell für Mauerwerk konzipiertes Materialmodell zugrunde gelegt, welches das Potential besitzt, die Eigenschaften von Baustoffen mit Spannungsrestriktionen abzubilden. Die nichtlineare Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Beziehung sowie die für Mauerwerk charakteristische Rissbildung bei Zugbeanspruchung können mit dem vorgeschlagenen Materialmodell realitätsnah simuliert werden. Die Verformungseinflüsse II. Ordnung und die physikalisch nichtlinearen Effekte verschiedener Natur werden mit dem entwickelten numerischen Verfahren adäquat erfasst. Die aufgeführten Ergebnisse numerischer Untersuchungen illustrieren seine praktische Verwendbarkeit.
MR1‐restricted Vα19i T cells – a second population recognizing lipid antigens?
Authors: Schümann Jens , De Libero Gennaro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that T cells recognizing lipid antigens contribute to the immunological regulation of different disease conditions including autoimmunity. The best‐known subset is CD1d‐restricted lipid‐reactive T cells characterized by the expression of an invariant TCRα chain. Much less is known about the biology of another invariant T cell subset, which is restricted to the MHC class I‐like molecule MR1. A beneficial role of MR1‐restricted T cells has been suggested in a mouse EAE model. However, the nature of antigens that can be presented by MR1 to this invariant T cell subset remained largely unclear. An article in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology presents strong indications that derivatives of α‐mannosyl ceramide (α‐ManCer), i.e. glycolipids, can serve as ligands for MR1‐restricted invariant T cells. In addition to that, the structure of the α‐ManCer sphingosine chain influences the Th1‐Th2 polarization of the cytokine response. These important new findings will foster further research on the identity of physiological ligands for MR1‐restricted T cells and on their relation with immunoregulation.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200636689
An alternative measure of discharge effectiveness
Authors: Doyle Martin W. , Shields Catherine A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSince 1960, geomorphic effectiveness has been quantified by analytically combining measures of the frequency and the magnitude of geomorphic processes, most often for the case of sediment yield in rivers via the calculation of effective discharge, Qeff. Here we leverage the Qeff analysis approach to develop an alternative metric, the functional‐equivalent discharge Qfed, which is the discharge that will reproduce the magnitude of the sediment load generated by the full hydrologic distribution. Qfed is intended to be a more representative metric of hydrologic variability than Qeff: whereas Qeff provides a measure of the effectiveness of individual flow rates, Qfed incorporates a measure of the average effectiveness of the entire flow distribution. We develop an analytical approximation of Qfed based on relatively few parameters, apply the approach to a set of suspended sediment load data and describe how Qfed varies broadly with sediment and hydrologic conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.