bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NSF Geosciences Advisory Committee solicits input
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Geosciences Advisory Committee of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) is soliciting the views and concerns of the geosciences community in advance of the committee's spring meeting scheduled for 11–12 May at NSF Headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. At this meeting, the committee will consider current and future geoscience plans and programs and additional issues of relevance to the community.The chair and members welcome and solicit the views and concerns of the geosciences community so they may better represent their constituencies at upcoming meetings of the committee.
Environmental Sensor Networks
Authors: Hart Jane K. , Martinez Kirk 
Published: October 2006

This report is based on the 2004 AGU Fall Meeting's session entitled “Special Focus: Advances in Data Acquisition, Management, Analysis and Display: Cyberinfrastructure for Earth Systems Science IV: Sensor Networks.”An environmental sensor network comprises an array of sensors that gather data autonomously and automatically forward the data to a central server. What differentiates modern sensor networks from previous techniques is an emphasis on “intelligence” in the sensor packages as well as the data network. Modern sensor networks also typically publish the data on the server to the World Wide Web and allow real‐time access to the data. These networks require a unique combination of technological and environmental understanding, and have the potential of creating a revolution in environmental monitoring, similar in impact to satellite remote sensing in the 1970s.
Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Yim W. W.‐S. 
Published: October 2006

This is a topical book on tropical cyclones, known more popularly as hurricanes in the Americas and typhoons in eastern Asia. The subject may appeal to academics and researchers as well as to the general public.The best way to predict the future variability of tropical cyclones is by examining their past record. Prehistoric records can be obtained from geological or archeological studies while historical records are provided by documentation and instrumentation. Of particular interest now are the changes in frequency and landfall pattern of tropical cyclones during El Niño years, La Niña years, and neutral years, extending back in time to cover the past 8,000 years for disaster planning.
New edition of the Global Paleomagnetic Database
Authors: Pisarevsky Sergei 
Published: October 2006

A new version of the Global Paleomagnetic Database—GPMDB V 4.6—is available now at the Tectonics Special Research Centre of the University of Western Australia Web site (http://www.tsrc.uwa.edu.au/). This version contains 9259 paleomagnetic poles from 7513 rock units published in 3673 articles up to December 2004 inclusive.This version has also been completely updated using the latest International Stratigraphic Chart published by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) on its Web site (www.stratigraphy.org). This new timescale is significantly different from the timescale which has been used in the database for the past decade. All entries in the database based on biostratigraphic ages have had their absolute minimum and maximum age limits revised according to this new scale. Therefore, users of the database who have compiled their own files based on the old database should be aware that the assigned absolute ages have now changed.
Earth as an Evolving Planetary System
Authors: Meert Joseph G. 
Published: October 2006

“System” is an overused buzzword in textbooks covering geological sciences. Describing the Earth as a system of component parts is a reasonable concept, but providing a comprehensive framework for detailing the system is a more formidable task.Kent Condie lays out the systems approach in an easy‐to‐read introductory chapter in Earth as an Evolving Planetary System. In the book, Condie makes a valiant attempt at taking the melange of diverse subjects in the solid Earth sciences and weaving them into a coherent tapestry.
NASA Earth science budget and plans criticized
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

A new report by the U.S. National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences sharply criticizes NASA's budget and commitment to the Earth sciences, and states that “today the nation's Earth observation program is at risk.”The report, issued on 27 April, states that “recent changes in federal support for Earth observation programs are alarming. At NASA, the vitality of Earth science and application programs has been placed at substantial risk by a rapidly shrinking budget that no longer supports already‐approved missions and programs of high scientific and societal relevance.”
Consortium forming to standardize oceanographic instrument protocols
Authors: Connor Judith 
Published: October 2006

The U.S. National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative has identified the need for innovations to support straightforward, practical integration and communication with the wide variety of oceanographic instruments on observing platforms and networks, such as the North East Pacific Time‐Series Undersea Networked Experiments (NEPTUNE) and the Monterey Accelerated Research Program (MARS).A discussion group of oceanographic instrument developers, users, and manufacturers formed in March 2005 as a first step toward the creation of a Marine Plug and Work Consortium.
Evolution teacher survey
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

More than 30% of teachers responding to an informal survey indicated that they feel pressured to include creationism, intelligent design, or other nonscientific alternatives to evolution in their science classrooms.The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), which conducted the survey of 1,050 teachers, announced the results recently. According to the survey, 22% of teachers indicated that most of the pressure to include these nonscientific alternatives comes from students, while 20% indicated that parents provide the pressure. Thirty percent of teachers noted that they feel pushed to de‐emphasize or omit evolution or evolution‐related topics from their curriculum. However, 74% of teachers indicated that they disagree about de‐emphasizing or omitting from their lessons the term “evolution” so that attention is not drawn to it.
Eos as an interdisciplinary communication tool
Authors: Mote Philip 
Published: October 2006

When I attended my first AGU meeting as a graduate student 13 or 14 years ago, I eagerly dashed from sessions in my own small corner of atmospheric sciences to sessions in planetologyvolcanology and other geophysical subjects. In that same spirit of curiosity one of the things I most appreciate about my AGU membership is the opportunity to learn about work in other fields by reading Eos every week.Almost every issue, however, displays a startling disparity in skill with which Eos authors make their subjects accessible to readers outside their own disciplines. Here's an example from the 28 September 2004 issue: One article, on Indonesian throughflow, clearly explains in the first paragraph why it is important and how little is known. The article reads well for a nonspecialist.
International Conference on Aerosols, Clouds and the Indian Monsoon
Authors: Singh Ramesh P. , Tare Vinod , Tripathi S. N. 
Published: October 2006

In recent years, dense haze and fog problems in the northern parts of India have affected the 460 million people living in the Indo‐Gangetic basin. Substantial Indian research activities related to aerosols, clouds, and monsoon are taking place in the central and southern parts of India.To attract attention to the problems, a three‐day International Conference on Aerosols, Clouds and Indian Monsoon was recently held at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, in the central part of the Indo‐Gangetic basin. About 120 delegates from India, Germany, Greece, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States attended the conference.
Fellows celebrated in New Orleans
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

One of the highlights of the 2005 Joint Assembly was the presentation of certificates to the 2005 class of Fellows. At a black tie ceremony President Orcutt introduced each Fellow and recited a brief statement of the achievements for which he or she had been selected. The presentations were followed by a reception for all meeting attendees and then a banquet at which many family members and close colleagues further feted the honorees.Election to AGU Fellowship is a very high recognition by one's peers. Only 0.1% of the membership may be elected in any given year. Each individual must be nominated by at least four colleagues; nominations are evaluated by Section committees and a limited number are forwarded to the Fellows Committee, who makes the final choice of those who will be honored for the year.
Appenzeller receives 2005 Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism
Authors: Addison Lynn , Appenzeller Tim 
Published: October 2006

When National Geographic began plans to address the issue of global climate change, we asked Tim Appenzeller to write the keystone piece for a series of articles that would document the most recent scientific consensus. His description of the carbon cycle in “The Case of the Missing Carbon” would be a fundamental part of the entire package. To explain that complex, finely calibrated global mechanism to six million readers was the task we set before him.A daunting task perhaps, but not for Tim Appenzeller, a science journalist with great talent for precise thinking and elegant writing. “The Case of the Missing Carbon” lays it all out, tracing the circulation of carbon between air, land, and water that sustains life on Earth and controls its climate.
Advances in large‐scale crop modeling
Authors: Scholze Marko , Bondeau Alberte , Ewert Frank , Kucharik Chris , Priess Jörg , Smith Pascalle 
Published: October 2006

Intensified human activity and a growing population have changed the climate and the land biosphere. One of the most widely recognized human perturbations is the emission of carbon dioxide (C02) by fossil fuel burning and land‐use change. As the terrestrial biosphere is an active player in the global carbon cycle, changes in land use feed back to the climate of the Earth through regulation of the content of atmospheric CO2, the most important greenhouse gas,and changing albedo (e.g., energy partitioning).Recently, the climate modeling community has started to develop more complex Earthsystem models that include marine and terrestrial biogeochemical processes in addition to the representation of atmospheric and oceanic circulation. However, most terrestrial biosphere models simulate only natural, or so‐called potential, vegetation and do not account for managed ecosystems such as croplands and pastures, which make up nearly one‐third of the Earth's land surface.
Mountain Geomorphology
Authors: Meyer Grant A. , Selverstone Jane 
Published: October 2006

The title of this volume implies a comprehensive overview. Although Mountain Geomorphology does not meet this expectation, it nonetheless provides a useful reference with strength in several areas, including in its review chapters on mountain erosional processes and denudation. As explained in the preface, the book had its origin in a 1990 meeting, “Mountain Geomorphology: A Canadian Perspective,” and while some of this initial regional focus is still detectable, later contributions provide a much broader range.The book is well organized into three primary sections on historical, functional, and applied geomorphology. These are fronted by a general introduction that defines these areas of inquiry, and are capped by a final chapter that considers mountain geomorphology and global environmental change. The introductory chapter foreshadows the presentation of a conceptual framework in complexity theory, which appears in a nascent stage in the final chapter.
Earth and space scientists Visit Capitol Hill
Authors: O'Riordan Catherine 
Published: October 2006

AGU's Office of Public Affairs organizes frequent opportunities for members to meet with Congress. Recently AGU members participated in two events: an annual Congressional Visits Day and the Coalition for National Science Funding congressional reception.Over 200 scientists and engineers met with key legislators and their staffs on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. as part of the 10th annual Science, Engineering, and Technology Congressional Visits Day (CVD) held on 10–11 May. In their meetings, participants advocated this year's CVD theme: Federally funded research secures our nation's future.
Fundamentals of Ground Water
Authors: Schincariol Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

The hydrologic sciences continue to grow in importance as issues of drought, population growth and pollution, and politics come together to raise water issues to new levels. While groundwater hydrology plays a central role in the hydrologic sciences, relatively few comprehensive textbooks cover this field.Between 1959 and 1979, Ground Water Hydrology (D.K.Todd) guided students and professionals. In 1979, Groundwater, (R.A. Freeze and J.A. Cherry) integrated geology and hydrology physics and chemistry and science and engineering. That text was followed in 1980 by Applied Hydrogeology (C.W. Fetter). Addressing a need for a new textbook, Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology (P.A. Domenico and F.W. Schwartz) was published in 1990.
Rule would stiffen export controls at universities
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

A U.S. Department of Defense proposed rule on export controlled technology could significantly increase the number of export control clauses that appear in university contracts, according to the American Association of Universities (AAU).The rule, published in the Federal Register on 12 July, does not recognize the fundamental research exclusion that protects fundamental university research from export control licensing requirements, AAU noted.
Women, work, and the academy
Authors: Bell Robin E. , Laird Jennifer D. 
Published: October 2006

Harvard University President Lawrence Summers triggered an avalanche of media coverage and debate about the status of women in science in a 14 January 2005 speech. When Summers posited that the persistent absence of women in science could be due to a lack of “intrinsic aptitude” and an unwillingness to pursue high‐intensity academic careers, he placed the blame on women and minorities.Summers also made reference to economist Gary Becker, who developed the theory that market forces will eventually address any persistent discrimination because discrimination is costly and inefficient in a competitive market. These arguments are not supported by current research on implicit bias and organizational behavior.
[Comment on “Eos as an interdisciplinary communication tool” by Philip Mote] Inaccessible terminology
Authors: Burnham Kathleen 
Published: October 2006

I share Philip Mote'ss appreciation for the opportunity to learn about disparate fields through reading Eos (Eos as an Interdisciplinary Communication Tool, Letters, 86(20), 194, 17 May 2005), and I share his frustration at the frequency with which one encounters inaccessible terminology. Eos, has consistently exhorted authors to write for a wide audience, but often scientists immersed in a field lack an adequate understanding of how much or how little of their work is understood by those outside the field.In general, when a few people err, then the root of the problem lies with the individuals, and it is up to the individuals to solve it. However, as in this case, when many people err in the same way, then the problem lies in the social or institutional structure, and requires a social or institutional solution.
River chemistry as a monitor of Yosemite Park mountain hydroclimates
Authors: Peterson David , Smith Richard , Hager Stephen , Hicke Jeffrey , Dettinger Michael , Huber King 
Published: October 2006

High‐frequency, high‐altitude measurements of water chemistry provide insights into processes relating to the hydrology, climate, and geochemistry of mountain catchments. When such observations are combined with stream stage, temperature, snow, weather, and other surface hydroclimate measurements, they are particularly useful in allowing connections between climate, river discharge, river chemistry, and ecosystems to be discerned.Climate is the major source of variability in U.S. and global water resources. For example, large‐scale variations in the global atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean are responsible for much of the variability in river discharge in Hawaii, Alaska, the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and the U.S. Southwest [Cayan and Peterson, 1989], and thus are closely linked to water and energy resources of the western United States [Cayan et al., 2003].
Mud in the surf: Nature at work in a Brazilian bay
Authors: Buynevich Ilya , Asp Nils , Klein Antonio , Siegle Eduardo , FitzGerald Duncan , Cleary William , Angulo Rodolfo 
Published: October 2006

Massive discharge of mud from coastal rivers is a well‐documented phenomenon. However, in areas with limited historical and instrumental records it is often difficult to assess the nature and history of the process. This article looks at Tijucas Bay, in southern Brazil (Figure 1a) (an area that was the landfall region in March 2004 for South America's first recorded hurricane [Bossack, 2004]), to examine the time frame for extensive deposition of fluid muds in the nearshore (Figure 1b).The new geological data suggest that whereas recent human activities (e.g., massive sand mining) along the Tijucas River may be important in increasing the suspended sediment discharge, the shift to a mud‐dominated regime was part of the natural evolution of this coastal plain.
A U.S. interagency distributed climate modeling project
Authors: Bader D. , Bamzai A. , Patrinos A. , Fein J. , Leinen M. 
Published: October 2006

When the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) publishes its Fourth Assessment Report of the Scientific Basis of Climate Change (AR4) in 2007, a significant portion of the report will analyze coupled general circulation model (GCM) simulations of the climate of the past century as well as scenarios of future climates under prescribed emission scenarios.Modeling groups worldwide have contributed to the report. Three U.S. contributors are: the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) project, the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). This collection of model results is providing a wealth of new information that will be used to examine the state of climate science, the potential impacts from climate changes, and the policy consequences that they imply.
Founding father of Finnish geomagnetic research
Authors: Nevanlinna Heikki 
Published: October 2006

J. J. Nervander, born 200 years ago, on 23 February 1805 (Figure I),can be considered the founding father of Finnish geomagnetic research, as well as one of the early pioneers in the research of solar influence on the terrestrial weather and climate.Nervander, who studied physics and mathematics at the University of Turku (later at Helsinki), in Finland, was the first scientist in Finland who studied electromagnetism. At that time, it was a new scientific discipline, after the pioneering work by H. C. Örsted and others in the 1820s.
Comment on “Could the Mw = 9.3 Sumatra earthquake trigger a geomagnetic jerk?”
Authors: Dumberry Mathieu 
Published: October 2006

In a recent issue of Eos, Florindo et al. [2005] suggest that large seismic events, such as the magnitude 9.3 Sumatra earthquake of 26 December 2004, may cause changes in topography at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB), thereby affecting flow in the core. They hypothesize that this effect may trigger a geomagnetic jerk, which would be observed at Earth's surface after a time delay to allow for the signal to propagate through the weakly conducting mantle. However, they do not provide any estimates of the amplitude or form of the CMB topography changes that are required, or of the actual CMB deformation that may have occurred as a result of the Sumatra event.Here, I argue that it is unlikely that large earthquakes can lead to geomagnetic jerks.
Comment by R. M. W Musson on “Comparison between probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and flood frequency analysis”
Authors: Musson R. M. W. 
Published: October 2006

It must be a rare occurrence to see, in the same scientific newspaper in the space of a little over a year, the same errors repeated by the same authors in two different articles, despite the fact that those errors had been refuted in that newspaper in the interim. I pointed out [Musson, 2004] the fallacies in a paper by Wang et al. [2003]. These errors are now repeated by Wang and Ormsbee [2005], who refer back to Wang et al. [2003] but not to Musson [2004].This raises questions about scientific method: We expect that science proceeds in some sort of forward direction and that errors are not repeated when identified. To see such a repetition as this raises at least the question of how Wang and Ormsbee [2005] were reviewed.
Response to comment by R. M. W. Musson [on “Comparison between probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and flood frequency analysis”]
Authors: Wang Zhenming 
Published: October 2006

Musson's comment on our article is a good example of “the inability of PSHA proponents to communicate clearly and directly to anyone but themselves just what it is that they are doing” [Hanks and Cornell, 1994, p. 1/1–1 ].Musson's [2004] comment on an earlier paper by Wang et al. [2003] was addressed in a response by Wang et al. [2004]. However, it seems that Musson is still sure he is right and Wang et al. are all wrong when he says, “I pointed out [Musson, 2004] the fallacies in a paper by Wang et al. [2003]. These errors are now repeated by Wang and Ormsbee [2005], who refer back to Wang et al. [2003] but not to Musson [2004].” Now Musson is trying to impose his self‐righteousness on the whole scientific community by asking Eos not to publish any paper that contains a point of view different from his.
Satellite altimetry and the intensification of Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Scharroo Remko , Smith Walter H. F. , Lillibridge John L. 
Published: October 2006

Remotely sensed infrared images of Hurricane Katrina taken on 26, 27, and 28 August 2005 (Figure 1, left panels) show the aerial extent of the cloud cover and the central “eye” increasing as the storm that swamped areas of the U.S. Gulf Coast intensified. Computer animations of such image sequences show forecasters the tracks of storms and are a familiar staple of weather news. Less well known is the role that satellite altimetry plays both in forecasting conditions that can intensify a tropical storm and in observing the storm conditions at the sea surface.Satellite altimeter data indicate that Katrina intensified over areas of anomalously high dynamic topography rather than areas of unusually warm surface waters. Altimeter data from Katrina also for the first time observed the building of a storm surge.