bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A theoretical analysis of rotating electromagnetohydrodynamic and electroosmotic transport of couple stress fluid through a microchannel
Authors: Siva Thota , Jangili Srinivas , Kumbhakar Bidyasagar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe main motivation behind this research work is the electroosmotic flow (EOF), which characterizes the movement of charged particles in a fluid when subjected to an external electric field, which offers precise control over fluid movement without mechanical components. The study of bio‐fluids in rotating microfluidic platforms is becoming much more significant. Hence, it is important to discuss the non‐Newtonian fluids in such environments. This paper analytically investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of combined electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) and EOF transport of non‐Newtonian fluid through a rotating microchannel with Navier‐slip boundary conditions at the walls. The couple stress fluid model is considered a non‐Newtonian fluid in the flow domain. The linearized Poisson‐Boltzmann equation is considered inside the electric double layer (EDL). The modified Stokes equation is governed by a combined imposed magnetic and EOF field. Closed form expressions are obtained for electrical potential, flow velocity, and volume flow rate in the channel using analytical methods. The dependence of rotating electromagnetic flow velocity and flow rates on appropriate parameters is explained. It is found that the rotational flow velocity displays an opposite pattern when the couple stress parameter and electric field intensity parameters are varied due to the influence of channel rotation. It is also found that the secondary flow rate ratio is amplified with the Hartmann number and slip length parameter, due to the stronger impact of the non‐Newtonian behaviour than the Newtonian situation on the volume flow rate at a relatively higher rotational value. The findings of this study may aid in the design and analysis of practical thermal micro/nano‐equipment for transporting biofluids.
Leveraging the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in exploring the interplay among tax revenue, institutional quality, and economic growth in the G-7 countries
Authors: Saba Charles Shaaba , Monkam Nara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDue to G-7 countries' commitment to sustaining United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 8, which focuses on sustainable economic growth, there is a need to investigate the impact of tax revenue and institutional quality on economic growth, considering the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the G-7 countries from 2012 to 2022. Cross-Sectional Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) technique is used to analyze the data. The study's findings indicate a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables under examination. The causality results can be categorized as bidirectional, unidirectional, or indicating no causality. Based on the CS-ARDL results, the study recommends that G-7 governments and policymakers prioritize and strengthen the integration of AI into their institutions to stimulate growth in both the short- and long-term. However, the study cautions against overlooking the interaction between AI and tax revenue, as it did not demonstrate support for economic growth. While the interaction between AI and institutional quality shows potential for contributing to growth, it is crucial to implement robust measures to mitigate any potential negative effects that may arise from AI's interaction with tax systems. Therefore, the study suggests the development of AI-friendly tax policies within the G-7 countries, considering the nascent nature of the AI sector/industry.
Optimizing combined tours: The truck-and-cargo-bike case
Authors: Schiewe Philine , Stinzendörfer Moritz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a last-mile delivery concept that is well suited for urban areas. By jointly optimizing the tour of a truck and a cargo bike, we ensure that each vehicle is used optimally. Here, we assume that the bike is restocked by meeting up with the truck so that no dedicated mini-hubs have to be constructed. We model different objective functions and analyze the different variants in comparison to the traveling salesperson problem as well as the capacitated vehicle routing problem. In an experimental evaluation, we compare MIP formulations for different problem variants and assess several heuristic approaches to solve large-scale instances. These results show that we can outperform the truck-only delivery in terms of completion time while reducing the distance driven by the truck.
The Brillouin linewidth in water as a function of temperature and salinity: the missing empirical relationship
Authors: Koestel Daniel , Walther Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBrillouin scattering in water has been proposed as a method to measure temperature profiles in the ocean. Spontaneous Brillouin scattering can be understood as light scattering on phonons in the water originating from thermal fluctuations. The scattering signal usually features three peaks in its spectrum, of which one is attributed mainly to scattering from suspended particles and shows no frequency shift from the incident light, while the other two are shifted by the phonon frequency leading to a linear dependency of this Brillouin shift to the speed of sound. The speed of sound is dependent on temperature and salinity. To measure temperature and salinity independently, a second measurement parameter is necessary. The spectral width of the Brillouin lines constitutes a measure for the phonon lifetime and depends on various macroscopic water properties. This linewidth was investigated in a laboratory using a scanning FPI (Fabry-Perot interferometer) over a temperature range from 1.8 °C to 35 °C and 13 salinities from 0 ppt to 36 ppt. A strong temperature dependence was confirmed and a weaker, nonlinear dependency on salinity was found. An empirical model was created to describe the data for the purpose of enabling remote sensing of water temperature profile and salinity simultaneously in the future.
Comparative evaluation of shear wave elastography elasticity values in thyroid nodules with cytology results and TI-RADS scoring in differentiation of benign–malignant nodules
Authors: Polat Zafer , Elmalı Muzaffer , Tanrivermis Sayit Asli , Kalkan Cihan , Danacı Murat , Kefeli Mehmet 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules and their correlation with the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS).

Methods
This prospective study included 370 thyroid nodules in 308 patients aged 18–70 years. All the patients underwent B-mode ultrasound (US), Doppler examination, and SWE and were given an ACR TI-RADS risk score before fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and/or surgery. The correlation between SWE parameters and ACR TI-RADS categories was investigated statistically and compared with histopathologic results. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of SWE was evaluated to distinguish malignant and benign thyroid nodules.

Results
One hundred and thirty-five of the 370 thyroid nodules were malignant, and 235 nodules were benign. The mean shear wave velocity (SWV) value of the malignant nodules (3.70 ± 0.98 m/s) was statistically higher than that of the benign nodules (2.70 ± 0.37 m/s). The best cutoff value of the mean SWV for differentiating benign and malignant nodules was found to be 2.94 m/s (sensitivity 90.4%, specificity 89.9%, positive predictive value 81.3%, negative predictive value 94.1%, p < 0.001). The average score of the nodules according to the ACR TI-RADS was 3.57 ± 1.83 in benign nodules and 7.38 ± 2.69 in malignant nodules (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion
This study showed that combining SWE and TI-RADS improves the specificity of TI-RADS alone in differentiating benign and malignant nodules.
Polypharmacy in psychiatry and weight gain: longitudinal study of 832 patients hospitalized for depression or schizophrenia, along with data of 3180 students from Europe, the U.S., South America, and China
Authors: Stassen H. H. , Bachmann S. , Bridler R. , Cattapan K. , Seifritz E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEpidemiologic data indicate that overweight and obesity are on the rise worldwide. Psychiatric patients are particularly vulnerable in this respect as they have an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity, and often experience rapid, highly undesirable weight gain under psychotropic drug treatment. Current treatment strategies in psychiatry are oriented towards polypharmacy, so that the information on drug-induced weight gain from earlier monotherapy studies is of very limited validity. We have analyzed the longitudinal data of 832 inpatients with ICD-10 diagnoses of either F2 (schizophrenia; n = 282) or F3 (major depression; n = 550) with the goal of ranking treatment regimens in terms of weight gain, side effects, and response to treatment. The patient data were complemented by the data of 3180 students aged 18–22 years, with which we aimed to identify factors that enable the early detection and prevention of obesity and mental health problems. After 3 weeks of treatment, 47.7% of F2 patients and 54.9% of F3 patients showed a weight gain of 2 kg and more. Major predictive factors were “starting weight” (r = 0.115), “concurrent medications” (r = 0.176), and “increased appetite”(r = 0.275). Between 11 and 30% of the observed variance in weight gain could be explained by these factors, complemented by sex and age. The comparison between monotherapy (n = 409) and polypharmacy (n = 399) revealed significant drawbacks for polypharmacy: higher weight gain (p = 0.0005), more severe side effects (p = 0.0011), and lower response rates (F2: p = 0.0008); F3: p = 0.0101). The data of 3180 students made it clear that overweight and obesity often begin early in life among those affected, and are interconnected with personality traits, while increasing the risk of developing psychosomatic disturbances, mental health problems, or somatic illnesses. Although the available data did not readily lead to a comprehensive, clinically applicable model of unwanted weight gain, our results have nevertheless demonstrated that there are ways to successfully counteract such weight gain at early stages of treatment.
Genetic Testing Goes Beyond Imaging and Histological Evaluation in Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis
Authors: Alrehaili Ghadah , Kemppainen Jennifer , Kalra Sanjay , Pinto e Vairo Filippo , Moua Teng , Yi Eunhee S. , Ferrer Alejandro , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Carmona Eva M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung biopsy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD), but there is a growing appreciation of the role of pathogenic gene variants in telomere and surfactant protein genes, especially in familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF). Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare disease that can coexist with different patterns of F-ILD, including FPF. It can be progressive and often leads to respiratory failure and death. This study tested the hypothesis that genetic testing goes beyond radiological and histological findings in PPFE and other F-ILD further informing clinical decision-making for patients and affected family members by identifying pathological gene variants in telomere and surfactant protein genes.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of 70 patients with F-ILD in the setting of FPF or premature lung fibrosis. Six out of 70 patients were diagnosed with PPFE based on radiological or histological characteristics. All patients underwent telomere length evaluation in peripheral blood by Flow-FISH or genetic testing using a customized exome-based panel that included telomere and surfactant protein genes associated with lung fibrosis.

Results
Herein, we identified six individuals where radiographic or histopathological analyses of PPFE were linked with telomere biology disorders (TBD) or variants in surfactant protein genes. Each case involved individuals with either personal early-onset lung fibrosis or a family history of the disease. Assessments of telomere length and genetic testing offered insights beyond traditional radiological and histopathological evaluations.

Conclusion
Detecting anomalies in TBD-related or surfactant protein genes can significantly refine the diagnosis and treatment strategies for individuals with PPFE and other F-ILD.
H2O-rich rutile as an indicator for modern-style cold subduction
Authors: Lueder Mona , Tamblyn Renée , Rubatto Daniela , Hermann Jörg 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe trace-element and isotope geochemistry of rutile are robust tools to determine metamorphic temperatures, age, and host-/source lithologies. The use of rutile as single grain indicator for pressure, temperature, time and composition (P–T–t–X) of the host rock, which is vital in the use of detrital rutile to trace plate-tectonic regimes throughout Earth’s history, requires the identification of a pressure dependent trace element in rutile. We investigate the pressure dependence of hydrogen in rutile using polarized in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. H2O contents in rutile vary between < 10–2500 μg/g H2O with higher contents in samples with higher peak metamorphic pressures, making H2O-in-rutile a viable pressure indicator. The highest H2O contents at ~ 450–2000 μg/g are observed in mafic low temperature eclogite-facies rutile related to modern-style cold subduction conditions. Hydrogen zoning in FTIR maps indicates that H+ is retained at temperatures below 600–700 °C. Ratios of H2O/Zr, using H2O as pressure indicator and Zr as temperature proxy, are a proxy for thermal gradients of metamorphic rutile (i.e. P/T). Low temperature eclogite samples are also characterized by high Fe contents and therefore Fe/Zr-ratios might be used as a first order approximation for H2O/Zr-ratios to identify mafic low temperature eclogite facies rutile. Based on common discrimination diagrams, Nb, W, and Sn can be used to distinguish different host/source rock lithologies of rutile. Combining both H2O/Zr-ratios and Nb, W, and Sn contents can thus identify modern-style cold subduction signatures in rutile. The developed systematics can consequently be used to trace cold-subduction features in the (pre-Proterozoic) detrital record.
GC–MS analysis of 4-hydroxyproline: elevated proline hydroxylation in metformin-associated lactic acidosis and metformin-treated Becker muscular dystrophy patients
Authors: Baskal Svetlana , Posma Rene A. , Bollenbach Alexander , Dieperink Willem , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Nijsten Maarten W. , Touw Daan J. , Tsikas Dimitrios 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetformin (N,N-dimethylbiguanide), an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis and insulin sensitizer, is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In some patients with renal insufficiency, metformin can accumulate and cause lactic acidosis, known as metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA, defined as lactate ≥ 5 mM, pH < 7.35, and metformin concentration > 38.7 µM). Here, we report on the post-translational modification (PTM) of proline (Pro) to 4-hydroxyproline (OH-Pro) in metformin-associated lactic acidosis and in metformin-treated patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Pro and OH-Pro were measured simultaneously by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry before, during, and after renal replacement therapy in a patient admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of MALA. At admission to the ICU, plasma metformin concentration was 175 µM, with a corresponding lactate concentration of 20 mM and a blood pH of 7.1. Throughout ICU admission, the Pro concentration was lower compared to healthy controls. Renal excretion of OH-Pro was initially high and decreased over time. Moreover, during the first 12 h of ICU admission, OH-Pro seems to be renally secreted while thereafter, it was reabsorbed. Our results suggest that MALA is associated with hyper-hydroxyprolinuria due to elevated PTM of Pro to OH-Pro by prolyl-hydroxylase and/or inhibition of OH-Pro metabolism in the kidneys. In BMD patients, metformin, at the therapeutic dose of 3 × 500 mg per day for 6 weeks, increased the urinary excretion of OH-Pro suggesting elevation of Pro hydroxylation to OH-Pro. Our study suggests that metformin induces specifically the expression/activity of prolyl-hydroxylase in metformin intoxication and BMD.
Abuse-freeness in contract signing: a blockchain-based proposal
Authors: Ferrer-Gomila Josep-Lluís , Hinarejos M. Francisca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectronic contract signing requires the design of protocols that guarantee that the exchange is fair. In the past 5 years, we have observed that trusted third parties (TTPs) can be replaced by blockchain. However, none of the analyzed blockchain-based solutions meets the abuse-freeness requirement (established by Garay et al. in 1999), i.e., that neither party has the power to decide whether the protocol terminates or aborts. In this article, we present the first blockchain-based contract signing protocol that meets the abuse-freeness requirement. We analyze the economic impact that the use of blockchain has on the participants of a contract signing, concluding that the solution is both technically feasible and cost effective.
Disentangling the effects of temperature and reactive minerals on soil carbon stocks across a thermal gradient in a temperate native forest ecosystem
Authors: Siregar Idri Hastuty , Camps-Arbestain Marta , Kereszturi Gabor , Palmer Alan , Kirschbaum Miko U. F. , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEffects of global warming on soil organic carbon (C) can be investigated by comparing sites experiencing different temperatures. However, observations can be affected by covariance of temperature with other environmental properties. Here, we studied a thermal gradient in forest soils derived from volcanic materials on Mount Taranaki (New Zealand) to disentangle the effects of temperature and reactive minerals on soil organic C quantity and composition. We collected soils at four depths and four elevations with mean annual temperatures ranging from 7.3 to 10.5 °C. Soil C stocks were not significantly different across sites (average 162 MgC ha−1 to 85 cm depth, P > .05). Neither aluminium (Al)-complexed C, nor mineral-associated C changed significantly (P > .05) with temperature. The molecular characterisation of soil organic matter showed that plant-derived C declined with increasing temperature, while microbial-processed C increased. Accompanying these changes, soil short-range order (SRO) constituents (including allophane) generally increased with temperature. Results from structural equation modelling revealed that, although a warmer temperature tended to accelerate soil organic C decomposition as inferred from molecular fingerprints, it also exerted a positive effect on soil total C presumably by enhancing plant C input. Despite a close linkage between mineral-associated C and soil organic C, the increased abundance of reactive minerals at 30–85 cm depth with temperature did not increase soil organic C concentration at that depth. We therefore propose that fresh C inputs, rather than reactive minerals, mediate soil C responses to temperature across the thermal gradient of volcanic soils under humid-temperate climatic conditions.
The Potential of Targeting Autophagy-Related Non-coding RNAs in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases
Authors: Talebi Taheri Abdolkarim , Golshadi Zakieh , Zare Hamidreza , Alinaghipour Azam , Faghihi Zahra , Dadgostar Ehsan , Tamtaji Zeinab , Aschner Michael , Mirzaei Hamed , Tamtaji Omid Reza , Nabavizadeh Fatemeh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClearance of accumulated protein aggregates is one of the functions of autophagy. Recently, a clearer understanding of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) functions documented that ncRNAs have important roles in several biological processes associated with the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Subtypes of ncRNA, including microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), are commonly dysregulated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Dysregulation of these non-coding RNAs has been associated with inhibition or stimulation of autophagy. Decreased miR-124 led to decreased/increased autophagy in experimental model of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Increased BACE1-AS showed enhanced autophagy in Alzheimer disease by targeting miR-214-3p, Beclin-1, LC3-I/LC3-II, p62, and ATG5. A significant increase in NEAT1led to stimulated autophagy in experimental model of PD by targeting PINK1, LC3-I, LC3-II, p62 and miR-374c-5p. In addition, increased BDNF-AS and SNHG1 decreased autophagy in MPTP-induced PD by targeting miR-125b-5p and miR-221/222, respectively. The upregulation of circNF1-419 and circSAMD4A resulted in an increased autophagy by regulating Dynamin-1 and miR-29c 3p, respectively. A detailed discussion of miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs in relation to their autophagy-related signaling pathways is presented in this study.
Graphical Abstract
Autophagy-related non-coding RNAs in neurodegenerative diseases.
Educational Attainment, Household Income and Wealth Accumulation in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Toan Tan , Lang Ngoc Duc , Ho Chi Minh , Vo Duc Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of educational attainment and household income on wealth accumulation in Vietnam using various Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys (VHLSSs) in 2008, 2018 and 2020. We use the threshold regression to separate households into different groups depending on their assets. We find that owning a university degree is optimal to maximize wealth accumulation for households in 2008. However, post-graduate qualifications are needed for wealth accumulation in 2018 and 2020. For those household heads without a university degree, owning advanced training certificates provides the best opportunity to accumulate household wealth in all three surveys. Besides, our empirical results confirm that household income played no role in wealth accommodation in 2008. Interestingly, household income positively contributes to wealth accumulation for households with assets above the threshold of VND 634.40 m in 2020. However, the effect is negative for households with assets below the threshold of VND 440.25 m in 2018. We also find that households with widowed or divorced household heads are associated with lower wealth accumulation. Another interesting finding is that living in urban areas reduces wealth accumulation for households whose assets are below VND 440.25 m in 2018. These findings largely remain unchanged when Lewbel’s (Lewbel, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 30:67–80, 2012) instrument variable estimator is used to ensure the robustness of the empirical results.
Modeling the Evolution of the Dislocation Density and Yield Stress of Al over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Strain Rates
Authors: Sadeghi Abbas , Kozeschnik Ernst 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces an extended model for the evolution of internal and wall dislocation densities in pure aluminum during plastic deformation. The approach takes the three internal state variables (3IVM) model as a starting point and advances it by taking into account the dynamic annihilation of immobile/locked dislocations as well as dislocations stored in the subgrain/cell walls. The strength of the material, as one of the properties affected by dislocation density, is used to validate the model. Experimental flow curves for pure Al are taken as the basis for calibration. Compression tests are performed at temperatures from − 196 °C to 500 °C with strain rates of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 s−1. The effect of temperature and strain rate on each state parameter is illustrated and discussed.