bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the division between espoused and actual practice in infection control and of the knowledge sources that may underpin this division
Authors: Nichols A. , Badger B. 
Published: July 2008

Aims: This paper aims to provide a better understanding of divisions between the espoused and actual infection control practice of staff working within a renal unit and to investigate the sources of knowledge used to underpin practice. Background: Healthcare associated infection continues to be a major problem for health services. It has been claimed that healthcare associated infections may be reduced by around a third through the use of effective infection control measures. The effectiveness of these measures will rely upon the learning and skills of those implementing them. Methods: The study employed a primarily qualitative approach using participant observation and semi structured interviews over a six month period on a renal unit within a district general hospital. Results: Results gained provided some indication of a gap between espoused and actual compliance with infection control policy in practice while also indicating that tacit knowledge and learning in practice may offer an effective means of gaining and implementing infection control knowledge. Conclusions: This study highlights divisions between espoused and actual infection control practice, it also emphasises the role of tacit learning and how tacit knowledge may be gained and employed in practice.
Blood pressure cuffs as a potential fomite for transmission of pathogenic micro- organisms: A prospective study in a university teaching hospital
Authors: Baruah J. , Kumar S. , Gratrix A. , Dibb W. , Madeo M. 
Published: July 2008

Objective: To investigate the contamination of blood pressure cuffs on medical, surgical, paediatric and intensive care areas in a university teaching hospital. Design: A comprehensive, prospective study quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating the bacterial contamination on blood pressure cuffs of 100 sphygmomanometers in use in ten hospital units from June through to July 2007. Setting: A university teaching hospital with medical, surgical, paediatric and intensive care units. Results: The inner sides of the cuffs were found to harbour more organisms (97%) compared to the outer surface (89%). The inside also had a much higher level of contamination, 29% having >100 colony forming units (cfu) compared to only 8% with >100cfu on the outer surface. On average most cuffs were found to have organisms in the 10—100 cfu range. The most heavily contaminated cuffs (>100cfu) were found on the general intensive care unit. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus was the most commonly isolated organism, found in 67% of samples.
Seaweed polysaccharides with anticancer potential
Authors: Wang Hui , Chiu Lawrence C.M. , Ooi Vincent E.C. , Ang Put O. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Aqueous extracts from 12 species of Hong Kong seaweeds were screened for their antiproliferative potential on HL-60 and MCF-7 cell lines. Eight seaweeds exhibited selective antiproliferative activity on HL-60 cells, while 10 species possessed some effect on MCF-7 cell line. Two brown seaweeds, Hydroclathrus clathratus and Padina arborescenos, had a higher inhibitory effect on the growth of both cancer cell lines than the others and were less toxic to normal cells. The extract of H. clathratus (Hy) caused morphological alteration of MCF-7 cells when they were treated at the beginning of incubation. Some polysaccharide fractions isolated and purified from Hy had antiproliferative activity on both HL-60 and MCF-7 cell lines. Furthermore, all of these fractions, including the crude extract, had varying degrees of antioxidant activity. In vivo antitumor tests using Sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice showed that the fraction H3-a from H. clathratus had the best effect in suppressing tumor growth in the treated mice.
Preliminary validation of real-time PCR assays for the identification of Yersinia pestis
Authors: Tomaso Herbert , Jacob Daniela , Eickhoff Meike , Scholz Holger C. , Al Dahouk Sascha , Kattar Mireille M. , Reischl Udo , Plicka Helga , Olsen Jaran Strand , Nikkari Simo , Matero Pirjo , Beuret Christian , Ciammaruconi Andrea , Lista Florigio , Gala Jean-Luc , Broll Hermann , Appel Bernd , Sellek Cano Ricela E. , Ybarra de Villavicencio Maria del Carmen , Broekhuijsen Martien , Indra Alexander , Petersen Roger , Neubauer Heinrich 
Published: July 2008

Abstract:: A total of four samples of quantified: All participating laboratories were able to perform the real-time PCR assays according to the protocols provided and identified the samples containing: Our real-time PCR system proved to be highly reproducible and has the potential of complementing the diagnostic tools for rapid identification ofClin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1239–44.
“When in Rome……”: What Josquin Learned in the Sistine Chapel
Authors: Rodin Jesse 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOnly recently has our ever-changing image of Josquin's life and career come into sharper focus. With the composer's date of birth pushed forward by ten or perhaps as many as fifteen years and the importance of Milan as the first stop on his Italian tour now fading, it looks increasingly as though Josquin's first compositional maturity occurred while he was a singer in the Sistine Chapel choir in Rome (ca. 1489–at least 1494). The new biographical picture also points toward an unfamiliar possibility: that Josquin learned something from the music of his contemporaries. In particular, he seems to have engaged closely with compositions by his “Roman” colleague Marbrianus de Orto (d. 1529).Through an examination of music by de Orto and Josquin likely composed in Rome, I have uncovered a series of close musical connections between the composers. It is now clear, for instance, that the cantus firmus treatment in Josquin's Missa L'homme armé super voces musicales is dependent on de Orto's. Josquin's tenor motet Illibata Dei virgo nutrix (a 5) may also owe something to de Orto's example, as may his four-voice setting of the song Si j'ay perdu mon amy. Josquin and de Orto are even united in their unusual preference for certain contrapuntal and melodic strategies. All of this suggests that de Orto played a pivotal role in Josquin's compositional development, and calls for a revised historiographical model with which to frame studies of the elusive Josquin des Prez.
The Idea of Melodic Connection in Samuel Beckett
Authors: Maier Franz Michael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMusic plays an important role in the art of Samuel Beckett. Indeed, we need only observe the continual presence of a defining motive that spans the thirty years between Beckett's novel Watt of 1953 and his television play Nacht und Träume of 1983: Beckett's protagonists sing. The enigmatic Mr. Knott of the novel sings, as does the nameless protagonist of the television play. An astonishing transformation emerges, however, when we trace the treatment of music from the “extreme monotony” of Mr. Knott's song in Watt to the elaborate bars of Schubert in Nacht und Träume. Increasingly, Beckett's attitude toward music contrasts with his attitude toward the other arts. “One loses one's classics,” complains Winnie in Happy Days, but this does not hold true for the Lehár melody she sings. Nor does it hold true for Beckett's relationship to Beethoven and Schubert: musical quotations from their works appear in unbroken extension. As though he meant to model his concept of music ever more explicitly on Schopenhauer's metaphysics and Proust's romanticism, Beckett's quotations from music gain strength over time, achieve more immediate reality, and become a dominant factor in his work.
Lake Sturgeon Spawning Habitat in the Big Manistee River, Michigan
Authors: Chiotti Justin A. , Holtgren J. Marty , Auer Nancy A. , Ogren Stephanie A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Spawning sites of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens were verified using egg collection mats in the Big Manistee River in northwestern lower Michigan. Photographs taken by a fixed-position underwater video camera were used to characterize the substrate at egg mat locations. A total of 3,913 lake sturgeon eggs were captured at two discrete spawning locations in 2003 and 2004. Spawning locations consisted of 34–44% cobble and 0.04–8% sand, and nonspawning locations consisted of 2–43% cobble and 0.16–7% sand. Shannon diversity indices describing substrate heterogeneity at spawning locations were statistically higher than those for nonspawning locations in 2003 (P = 0.002). Four spawning events (one in 2003 and three in 2004) were documented at water temperatures ranging from 11.1°C to 14.8°C and egg incubation periods ranging from 6 to 10 d. Depth at spawning sites was 1.5–3.0 m, average water velocity was 0.34–1.32 m/s, and near-substrate water velocity was 0.08–1.26 m/s. The topography of the Big Manistee River channel appears to have been altered by manipulated river flows, resulting in the development of barchans (ridges or shelves along the river bottom) in the region utilized for spawning. This study is the first to document lake sturgeon spawning success in the Big Manistee River and identify the specific characteristics of spawning bed material used as well as the presence of barchans that may produce eddies or turbulent irregular flows that affect egg dispersal and survival.
Current Trends in Weight Management: What Advice Do We Give to Patients?
Authors: Boucher Jackie L. , Benson Gretchen A. , Kovarik Stephanie , Solem Brianne , VanWormer Jeffery J. 
Published: July 2008

IN BRIEFGiven the number of individuals with diabetes who are overweight or obese,it is essential for diabetes educators to familiarize themselves with evidence related to common questions patients have when they set a goal to lose weight. Educators need to work with patients to help them develop a realistic approach to weight loss that is consistent with their diabetes management goals.
Low‐pressure packed‐bed gas phase conversion of glycerol to acetol
Authors: Chiu Chuang‐Wei , Tekeei Ali , Sutterlin William R. , Ronco Joshua M. , Suppes Galen J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article describes the investigations carried out on the vapor‐phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol to acetol over a copper‐chromite catalyst in a packed bed flow reactor. The effects of reaction method (liquid‐phase vs. vapor‐phase mode), vapor‐phase reaction with gas feed, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and hydrogen feed rate were studied to arrive at optimum conditions. Operating the reactor in vapor‐phase mode dramatically reduced the amount of undesired by‐product formation, and thereby increased the overall yield of acetol and propylene glycol. The optimum reaction temperature is near 220°C. Higher hydrogen feed rates increased propylene glycol selectivity. The proposed production scheme has application for production of both acetol and propylene glycol from the crude glycerol that contains various soluble salts. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Subcellular localization of human heparanase and its alternative splice variant in COS‐7 cells
Authors: Sato Mayumi , Amemiya Kana , Hayakawa Sumio , Munakata Hiroshi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHeparanase, the enzyme that degrades heparan sulfate, has been implicated to play important and characteristic roles in organogenesis, tissue organization, cell migration, and tumor metastasis. Clarification of its expression, its intracellular sorting, and its secretion is, therefore, of much importance to understand its role in cell biology. In addition to the 1.7 Kb transcript previously reported, we detected a 1.5 Kb transcript of human heparanase by RT‐PCR. The smaller transcript was shown to be an alternatively spliced variant lacking exon 5, which contains the essential glutamic acid residue required for enzyme activity. When expressed in COS‐7 cells this variant did not show any heparanase activity. Full‐length heparanase and the exon 5‐deleted splice variant were expressed in COS‐7 cells and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Both proteins co‐localized with calnexin, a marker protein for the endoplasmic reticulum, and they co‐immunoprecipitated with calnexin. Both proteins were postulated to be precursors based upon the results of SDS–PAGE analyses. Treatment with endoglycosidases revealed that all potential N‐glycosylation sites in the proteins were glycosylated. Tunicamycin treatment of transfected COS‐7 cells inhibited N‐glycosylation but did not change the subcellular localization. These results indicate that overexpressed heparanase and its splice variant localize to the endoplasmic reticulum independent of glycosylation in COS‐7 cells. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Structural and Computational Study of Synthetically Important Alkali‐Metal/Tetramethylpiperidide (TMP) Amine Solvates
Authors: Armstrong David R. , Graham David V. , Kennedy Alan R. , Mulvey Robert E. , O'Hara Charles T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwo heavy alkali‐metal salts of the sterically demanding amine, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine (TMPH), have been prepared using different methodologies. Complex 1, [{(tmeda)Na(tmp)}2] (TMEDA=N,N, N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine), can be synthesized by a deprotonative route. This is achieved by reacting butylsodium with TMPH in the presence of excess TMEDA in hexane. The potassium congener [{(tmeda)K(tmp)}2] (2), can be prepared by treating KTMP (made using a metathesis reaction between LiTMP and potassium tert‐butoxide) with an excess of TMEDA in hexane. In the solid state, 1 and 2 are essentially isostructural. They are discretely dimeric and their framework consists of a four‐membered M‐N‐M‐N ring (M=Na or K, N=TMP). Due to the high steric demand of the TMP ligand, the TMEDA molecules bind to the metal centers in an asymmetric manner. In 2, each of the coordination spheres of the metals is completed by an agostic K⋅⋅⋅CH3(TMP) interaction. DFT calculations at the B3 LYP/6‐311G** level give an insight into why 1 and 2 adopt dramatically different structures from their previously reported, “open‐dimeric”, lithium counterpart. The theoretical work also focuses on the TMEDA‐free parent amide complexes and reveals that the energy difference for the formation of [{M(tmp)}x] (in which, M=Li or Na, x=3 or 4; and M=K, x=2, 3 or 4) are small.
Compiler and runtime techniques for software transactional memory optimization
Authors: Wu Peng , Michael Maged M. , von Praun Christoph , Nakaike Takuya , Bordawekar Rajesh , Cain Harold W. , Cascaval Calin , Chatterjee Siddhartha , Chiras Stefanie , Hou Rui , Mergen Mark , Shen Xiaowei , Spear Michael F. , Wang Hua Yong , Wang Kun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSoftware transactional memory (STM) systems are an attractive environment to evaluate optimistic concurrency. We describe our experience of supporting and optimizing an STM system at both the managed runtime and compiler levels. We describe the design policies of our STM system and the statistics collected by the runtime to identify performance bottlenecks and guide tuning decisions. We present an initial work on supporting automatic instrumentation of the STM primitives for C/C++ and Java programs in the IBM XL compiler and J9 Java virtual machine. We evaluate and discuss the performance of several transactional programs running on our system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic Liquid Supported Acid/Base‐Catalyzed Production of Biodiesel
Authors: Lapis Alexandre A. M. , de Oliveira Luciane F. , Neto Brenno A. D. , Dupont Jairton 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe transesterification (alcoholysis) reaction was successfully applied to synthesize biodiesel from vegetable oils using imidazolium‐based ionic liquids under multiphase acidic and basic conditions. Under basic conditions, the combination of the ionic liquid 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMI⋅NTf2), alcohols, and K2CO3 (40 mol %) results in the production of biodiesel from soybean oil in high yields (>98 %) and purity. H2SO4 immobilized in BMI⋅NTf2 efficiently promotes the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and various primary and secondary alcohols. In this multiphase process the acid is almost completely retained in the ionic liquid phase, while the biodiesel forms a separate phase. The recovered ionic liquid containing the acid could be reused at least six times without any significant loss in the biodiesel yield or selectivity. In both catalytic processes (acid and base), the reactions proceed as typical multiphasic systems in which the formed biodiesel accumulates as the upper phase and the glycerol by‐product is selectively captured by the alcohol‐ionic liquid‐acid/base phase. Classical ionic liquids such as 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate are not stable under these acidic or basic conditions and decompose.
Computer‐based training with ortho‐phonological units in dyslexic children: new investigations
Authors: Ecalle Jean , Magnan Annie , Bouchafa Houria , Gombert Jean Emile 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study aims to show that training using a computer game incorporating an audio‐visual phoneme discrimination task with phonological units, presented simultaneously with orthographic units, might improve literacy skills. Two experiments were conducted, one in secondary schools with dyslexic children (Experiment 1) and the other in a speech‐therapy clinic with individual case studies (Experiment 2). A classical pre‐test, training, post‐test design was used. The main findings indicated an improvement in reading scores after short intensive training (10 h) in Experiment 1 and progress in the reading and spelling scores obtained by the dyslexic children (training for 8 h) in Experiment 2. These results are discussed within the frameworks of both the speech‐specific deficit theory of dyslexia and the connectionist models of reading development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a new sensorless vector‐controlled and transmissionless electric vehicle using a permanent‐magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji , Takeuchi Shigeru 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOne of the most important technologies for electric vehicles (EVs) will be drive control technology for the main motor. It is desired that the drive control technology have the following characteristics. (1) It does not require a position/speed sensor for controlling motor drive, which has been mounted on the rotor shaft. (2) It has vector controls that can produce torque quickly, efficiently, and/or precisely. (3) It has wide driving‐range and allows developing EVs with no variable transmission. This paper proposes new drive control technologies for such EVs using a permanent‐magnet synchronous motor as a main motor, and verifies its usefulness through development of an actual EV that can drive on public roads. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 83–94, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20459
Voltage control of distribution network with a large penetration of photovoltaic generation using FACTS devices
Authors: Kondo Taro , Baba Jumpei , Yokoyama Akihiko 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in distributed generation from viewpoints of environmental problems and energy saving measures. Thus, a lot of distributed generators will be connected to the distribution network in the future. However, increase of distributed generators, which convert natural energy into electric energy, raises concerns as to their adverse effects on the distribution network. Therefore, control of distribution networks using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices is considered in order to adjust the voltage profile, and as a result more distributed generations can be installed into the networks.In this paper, four types of FACTS devices— Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and self‐commutated Back‐To‐Back converter (BTB)— are analyzed by comparison of required minimum capacity of the inverters in a residential distribution network with a large penetration of photovoltaic generations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 16– 28, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20499
Lentiviral-mediated miRNA against osteopontin suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Bing-Sheng , Dong Qiong-Zhu , Ye Qing-Hai , Sun Hai-Jing , Jia Hu-Liang , Zhu Xiao-Qun , Liu Dao-Yong , Chen Jie , Xue Qiong , Zhou Hai-Jun , Ren Ning , Qin Lun-Xiu 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

In our previous study, osteopontin (OPN) was identified as one of the leading genes that promote the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism by which OPN promotes metastasis of HCC is not understood. In this study, RNA interference mediated by viral vectors—which could induce a long-lasting down-regulation in gene expression—was applied to analyze the role of OPN in metastasis of HCC. Three lentiviral vectors encoding microRNA against OPN, Lenti.OPNi-1, Lenti.OPNi-2, and Lenti.OPNi-3, were constructed and found to down-regulate the OPN level by 62%, 78%, and 95%, respectively, in HCCLM3 cells which had an overexpression of OPN and a higher metastatic potential. Consequently, both Lenti.OPNi-2 and Lenti.OPNi-3 induced a significant decrease in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and urokinase plasminogen activator expression, and led to an obvious inhibition of both

in vitro

invasion and

in vivo

lung metastasis of HCCLM3 cells (

P

< 0.001). Moreover, Lenti.OPNi-3, rather than Lenti.OPNi-2, could also suppress

in vitro

proliferation and

in vivo

tumor growth of HCCLM3. Smaller detectable tumors were found in only 50% of mice after implantation of Lenti.OPNi-3–transfected HCCLM3 cells (341 ± 502.6 mm3 versus >3500 mm3 in controls;

P

< 0.001). Lenti.OPNi-3, not Lenti.OPNi-2, significantly suppressed the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway in HCCLM3 cells. Recombinant OPN was found to induce translocation of p65 into the nucleus of HCC cells and activation of MMP-2 and MEK/ERK/1/2, which were suppressed by the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate.

Conclusion:

OPN plays an important role in metastasis as well as tumor growth of HCC, in which different minimum threshold levels of OPN are needed. These effects may occur through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathways, and MMP-2. OPN could be a hopeful target for the control of HCC. (Hepatology 2008;48:1834-11842.)