bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐scale nested UNet with transformer for colorectal polyp segmentation
Authors: Wang Zenan , Liu Zhen , Yu Jianfeng , Gao Yingxin , Liu Ming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPolyp detection and localization are essential tasks for colonoscopy. U‐shape network based convolutional neural networks have achieved remarkable segmentation performance for biomedical images, but lack of long‐range dependencies modeling limits their receptive fields.PurposeOur goal was to develop and test a novel architecture for polyp segmentation, which takes advantage of learning local information with long‐range dependencies modeling.MethodsA novel architecture combining with multi‐scale nested UNet structure integrated transformer for polyp segmentation was developed. The proposed network takes advantage of both CNN and transformer to extract distinct feature information. The transformer layer is embedded between the encoder and decoder of a U‐shape net to learn explicit global context and long‐range semantic information. To address the challenging of variant polyp sizes, a MSFF unit was proposed to fuse features with multiple resolution.ResultsFour public datasets and one in‐house dataset were used to train and test the model performance. Ablation study was also conducted to verify each component of the model. For dataset Kvasir‐SEG and CVC‐ClinicDB, the proposed model achieved mean dice score of 0.942 and 0.950 respectively, which were more accurate than the other methods. To show the generalization of different methods, we processed two cross dataset validations, the proposed model achieved the highest mean dice score. The results demonstrate that the proposed network has powerful learning and generalization capability, significantly improving segmentation accuracy and outperforming state‐of‐the‐art methods.ConclusionsThe proposed model produced more accurate polyp segmentation than current methods on four different public and one in‐house datasets. Its capability of polyps segmentation in different sizes shows the potential clinical application
Bioprinting of Perfusable Vascularized Organ Models for Drug Development via Sacrificial‐Free Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Wu Dongwei , Pang Shumin , Berg Johanna , Mei Yikun , Ali Ahmed S. M. , Röhrs Viola , Tolksdorf Beatrice , Hagenbuchner Judith , Ausserlechner Michael J. , Deubzer Hedwig E. , Gurlo Aleksander , Kurreck Jens 
Published: March 2024

Abstract3D bioprinting enables the fabrication of human organ models that can be used for various fields of biomedical research, including oncology and infection biology. An important challenge, however, remains the generation of vascularized, perfusable 3D models that closely simulate natural physiology. Here, a novel direct ink writing (DIW) approach is described that can produce vascularized organ models without using sacrificial materials during fabrication. The high resolution of the method allows the one‐step generation of various sophisticated hollow geometries. This sacrificial‐free DIW (SF‐DIW) approach is used to fabricate hepatic metastasis models of various cancer types and different formats for investigating the cytostatic activity of anti‐cancer drugs. To this end, the models are incorporated into a newly developed perfusion system with integrated micropumps and an agar casting step that improves the physiological features of the bioprinted tissues. It is shown that the hepatic environment of the tumor models is capable of activating a prodrug, which inhibits breast cancer growth. This versatile SF‐DIW approach is able to fabricate complicated perfusable constructs or microfluidic chips in a straightforward and cost‐efficient manner. It can also be easily adapted to other cell types for generating vascularized organ tissues or cancer models that may support the development of new therapeutics.
Photosensitive Nanoprobes for Rapid High Purity Isolation and Size‐Specific Enrichment of Synthetic and Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations
Authors: Weerakkody Jonathan S. , Tseng Tiffany , Topper Mackenzie , Thoduvayil Sikha , Radhakrishnan Abhijith , Pincet Frederic , Kyriakides Themis R. , Gunasekara Roshan W. , Ramakrishnan Sathish 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe biggest challenge in current isolation methods for lipid bilayer‐encapsulated vesicles, such as exosomes, secretory, and synthetic vesicles, lies in the absence of a unified approach that seamlessly delivers high purity, yield, and scalability for large‐scale applications. To address this gap, an innovative method is developed that utilizes photosensitive lipid nanoprobes for the efficient isolation of vesicles and sorting them into subpopulations based on size. The photosensitive component in the probe undergoes cleavage upon exposure to light, facilitating the release of vesicles in their near‐native form. The method demonstrates a superior ability in isolating high purity extracellular vesicles from complex biological media and separating them into size‐based subpopulations within 1 h, achieving more efficiency and purity than ultracentrifugation. Furthermore, this method's cost‐effectiveness and rapid enrichment of the vesicles align with demands for large‐scale isolation and downstream analyses of nucleic acids and proteins. The method opens new avenues in exploring, analyzing, and utilizing synthetic and extracellular vesicle subpopulations in various biomedical applications, including diagnostics, therapeutic delivery, and biomarker discovery.
Engineering Spin State in Spinel Co3O4 nanosheets by V‐Doping for Bidirectional Catalysis of Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Minzhe , Zhao Dengke , Zhu Chuheng , Wang Nan , Lei Wen , Guo Yan , Li Ligui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe slow bidirectional conversion and fast shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) remain the main obstacles that inhibit the practical application of lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs). Here, by engineering the in‐spin state of spinel oxides, V doping‐induced hexagonal nanosheets (V‐Co3O4 NS) with intermediate spin state (IS, t2g5 eg1) can form stable bond order toward LiS* based on the ligand field theory and molecular orbital theory, thus effectively accelerating the sulfur conversion kinetics. Owing to these merits, the V‐Co3O4 NS modified separator base battery achieves a high areal capacity of 15.37 mAh cm−2 with sulfur loading of 15.4 mg cm−2, and it displays a low‐capacity attenuation of 0.015% each cycle at 3.0 C for 1900 cycles.
Free‐Standing Bacterial Cellulose‐Templated Radiative Cooling Liquid Crystal Films with Self‐Adaptive Solar Transmittance Modulation
Authors: Li Binxuan , Valenzuela Cristian , Liu Yuan , Zhang Xuan , Yang Yanzhao , Chen Yuanhao , Wang Ling , Feng Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPassive radiative cooling materials can efficiently reflect solar radiation and spontaneously dissipate heat through the long‐wave infrared (LWIR) transmission window to the coldouter space. They are highly attractive for application in walls and roofs of sustainable energy‐efficient buildings, but it is a challenging task to develop switchable radiative coolers for transparent windows. Herein, free‐standing bacterial cellulose‐templated radiative cooling liquid crystal films with high LWIR emissivity and self‐adaptive solar transmittance are reported. Biosynthetic silanized bacterial cellulose with 3D interconnected porous nanostructure is harnessed as a robust template for confining novel liquid crystals with smectic A to chiral nematic phase transition, thereby endowing the film with high solar transmittance modulation ability. The resulting film is found to not only exhibit a remarkable LWIR emissivity, but also adaptively change its solar transmittance between a transparent state and an opaque state according to environmental temperature variation. Outdoor radiative cooling experiments are performed, and the energy‐saving performance is evaluated through a simulation of a 12‐story reference office building with the films applied as radiative cooling windows. This research can shine light on the development of advanced radiative cooling materials with switchable transmittance and their widespread applications in buildings, vehicles, and transparent photovoltaics.
Ultralong MRTADF and Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Enabled Color‐Tunable and High‐Temperature Dual‐Mode Organic Afterglow from Indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole
Authors: Xu Lihua , Wei Hengshan , Xie Guohua , Xu Bingjia , Zhao Jiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic afterglow can be generated from persistent thermally activated delayed fluorescence (pTADF) or organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (OURTP), but the pTADF plus OURTP type organic afterglow is challenging to achieve, especially for the color‐tunable and high‐temperature ones. Herein, an accessible strategy toward such dual‐mode afterglow is presented by doping the indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (ICZ‐p1) into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The resulting films exhibit photo‐activated afterglow with two persistent emission peaks of ca. 435 and 497 nm. Impressively, their longest lifetimes respectively reach to 2.28 and 2.47 s at 298 K, along with 0.32 and 0.42 s at 360 K, enabling the afterglow at room and high temperature. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the photo‐activated afterglow is associated with the elimination of molecular O2 inside film and composed by the pTADF with multi‐resonance (MR) effect and OURTP. By altering the temperature from 77 to 358 K, the color‐tunable afterglows of green and blue are harvested at such temperature ranges. Benefiting from the multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MRTADF) characteristics, this emitter can release narrow‐band electroluminescence. Consequently, the results obtained here may offer important references for chasing MRTADF plus OURTP‐type dual‐mode organic afterglow showing color‐tunable and high‐temperature features.
Synthesis on NIR‐II Multifunctional Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of a Novel Water‐Soluble Molecule
Authors: Cao Mengyu , Wang Chang , Wang Fang , Zou Wentao , Yu Bing , Cong Hailin , Shen Youqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of water‐soluble symmetric molecules with donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) structure is reported. The compound is connected by π bridge with 2‐bromofluorene external polyethylene glycol 2000 as the shielding unit, and donor component and pyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as the acceptor unit. The D‐A‐D double donor fluorescent molecule P2‐DPP is obtained by coupling reaction. The absorption peak and emission peak of the fluorescent molecule P2‐DPP are 600 and 1020 nm, respectively. It has potential excellent imaging characteristics. It does not need to use nanoparticles formed by the DSPE‐MPEG amphiphilic block to form micelles. The quantum yield reaches 0.6% and the penetration depth can reach 10 mm. The chemical is capable of achieving liver and renal metabolism. It has a good application prospect in the photothermal therapy of mouse tumors and realizes the integration of biological diagnosis and treatment.
Pyroelectric‐Accelerated Perovskite Photodetector for Picosecond Light Detection and Ranging
Authors: Min Liangliang , Sun Haoxuan , Guo Linqi , Zhou Yicheng , Wang Meng , Cao Fengren , Li Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLight detection and ranging (LiDAR) is indispensable in applications such as unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous driving, and biomimetic robots. However, the precision and available distance of LiDAR are constrained by the speed and sensitivity of the photodetector, necessitating the use of expensive and energy‐consuming avalanche diodes. To address these challenges, in this study, a pyroelectricity‐based acceleration strategy with 2D‐(graded 3D) perovskite heterojunction is proposed to achieve a record high speed (27.7 ns with an active area of 9 mm2, and 176 ps with an active area of 0.2 mm2) and high responsivity (0.65 A W−1) at zero bias. This success is attributed to the unique mechanism where the electrons from the pyroelectric effect at the Cl‐rich 2D/3D interface directly recombine with excess holes during light–dark transitions, breaking speed limitations related to carrier mobility and capacitive effect. Furthermore, the introduced pyroelectric effect significantly enhances the photoresponse, resulting in a self‐powered external quantum efficiency exceeding 100%. The study also demonstrates precise position detection at the centimeter level. In conclusion, this research presents a pioneering approach for developing high‐speed photodiodes with exceptional sensitivity, mitigating energy and cost concerns in LiDAR applications.
A Viscous‐Biofluid Self‐Pumping Organohydrogel Dressing to Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Xiao Wuyi , Wan Xizi , Shi Lianxin , Ye Maosheng , Zhang Yikai , Wang Shutao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractViscous biofluids on wounds challenge conventional “water‐absorbing” wound dressings in efficient drainage due to their poor fluidity, generally causing prolonged inflammation, anti‐angiogenesis, and delayed wound closure. Herein, it is reported that a self‐pumping organohydrogel dressing (SPD) with aligned hydrated hydrogel channels, prepared by a three‐dimensional‐templated wetting‐enabled‐transfer (3D‐WET) polymerization process, can efficiently drain viscous fluids and accelerate diabetic wound healing. The asymmetric wettability of the hydrophobic–hydrophilic layers and aligned hydrated hydrogel channels enable unidirectional and efficient drainage of viscous fluids away from the wounds, preventing their overhydration and inflammatory stimulation. The organogel layer can adhere onto the skin around the wounds but can be easily detached from the wet wound area, avoiding secondary trauma to the newly formed tissues. Taking a diabetic rat model as an example, the SPD can significantly downregulate the inflammation response by ≈70.8%, enhance the dermal remodeling by ≈14.3%, and shorten wound closure time by about 1/3 compared with the commercial dressing (3M, Tegaderm hydrocolloid thin dressing). This study sheds light on the development of the next generation of functional dressings for chronic wounds involving viscous biofluids.
Bioinspired Bottlebrush Polymers Effectively Alleviate Frictional Damage Both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Pham Duy Anh , Wang Chang‐Sheng , Séguy Line , Zhang Hu , Benbabaali Sabrina , Faivre Jimmy , Sim Sotcheadt , Xie Guojun , Olszewski Mateusz , Rabanel Jean‐Michel , Moldovan Florina , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Banquy Xavier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBottlebrush polymers (BB) have emerged as compelling candidates for biosystems to face tribological challenges, including friction and wear. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of an engineered triblock BB polymer's affinity, cell toxicity, lubrication, and wear protection in both in vitro and in vivo settings, focusing on applications for conditions like osteoarthritis and dry eye syndrome. Results show that the designed polymer rapidly adheres to various surfaces (e.g., cartilage, eye, and contact lens), forming a robust, biocompatible layer for surface lubrication and protection. The tribological performance and biocompatibility are further enhanced in the presence of hyaluronic acid (HA) both in vitro and in vivo. The exceptional lubrication performance and favorable interaction with HA position the synthesized triblock polymer as a promising candidate for innovative treatments addressing deficiencies in bio‐lubricant systems.
Direct Laser Writing: From Materials Synthesis and Conversion to Electronic Device Processing
Authors: Pinheiro Tomás , Morais Maria , Silvestre Sara , Carlos Emanuel , Coelho João , Almeida Henrique V. , Barquinha Pedro , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDirect Laser Writing (DLW) has been increasingly selected as a microfabrication route for efficient, cost‐effective, high‐resolution material synthesis and conversion. Concurrently, lasers participate in the patterning and assembly of functional geometries in several fields of application, of which electronics stand out. In this review, recent advances and strategies based on DLW for electronics microfabrication are surveyed and outlined, based on laser material growth strategies. First, the main DLW parameters influencing material synthesis and transformation mechanisms are summarized, aimed at selective, tailored writing of conductive and semiconducting materials. Additive and transformative DLW processing mechanisms are discussed, to open space to explore several categories of materials directly synthesized or transformed for electronics microfabrication. These include metallic conductors, metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides and carbides, laser‐induced graphene, and their mixtures. By accessing a wide range of material types, DLW‐based electronic applications are explored, including processing components, energy harvesting and storage, sensing, and bioelectronics. The expanded capability of lasers to participate in multiple fabrication steps at different implementation levels, from material engineering to device processing, indicates their future applicability to next‐generation electronics, where more accessible, green microfabrication approaches integrate lasers as comprehensive tools.
An Antibody‐CRISPR/Cas Conjugate Platform for Target‐Specific Delivery and Gene Editing in Cancer
Authors: Yang Seungju , Im San Hae , Chung Ju Yeon , Lee Juhee , Lee Kyung‐Hun , Kang Yoo Kyung , Chung Hyun Jung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas system has been introduced as an innovative tool for therapy, however achieving specific delivery to the target has been a major challenge. Here, an antibody‐CRISPR/Cas conjugate platform that enables specific delivery and target gene editing in HER2‐positive cancer is introduced. The CRISPR/Cas system by replacing specific residues of Cas9 with an unnatural amino acid is engineered, that can be complexed with a nanocarrier and bioorthogonally functionalized with a monoclonal antibody targeting HER2. The resultant antibody‐conjugated CRISPR/Cas nanocomplexes can be specifically delivered and induce gene editing in HER2‐positive cancer cells in vitro. It is demonstrated that the in vivo delivery of the antibody‐CRISPR/Cas nanocomplexes can effectively disrupt the plk1 gene in HER2‐positive ovarian cancer, resulting in substantial suppression of tumor growth. The current study presents a useful therapeutic platform for antibody‐mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas for the treatment of various cancers and genetic diseases.
Ni‐Single Atoms Modification Enabled Kinetics Enhanced and Ultra‐Stable Hard Carbon Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qiu Daping , Zhao Wanting , Zhang Biao , Ahsan Muhammad Tayyab , Wang Yuehui , Zhang Lulu , Yang Xuelin , Hou Yanglong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHard carbon with randomly oriented interlayers is the most promising candidate for the anode of commercial sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, its sluggish sodium storage kinetics and unsatisfactory cycling stability are bottlenecks to its implementation. Herein, a metal‐single atom modification strategy is proposed to construct a Ni‐single atoms modified N, P co‐doped hard carbon (Ni‐NPC) with a Ni content of ≈5.65 wt%. As an anode for SIBs, Ni‐NPC exhibits far superior initial Coulombic efficiency, reversible specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability to N, P co‐doped hard carbon. Combining in situ EIS and ex‐situ XPS,this study reveals that Ni‐single atoms modulate the composition of the solid electrolyte interface layer, thereby improving the cycling stability of Ni‐NPC. Theoretical calculation and kinetics analysis suggest that Ni‐single atoms are the promoters of the diffusion of Na+. Furthermore, with the aid of systematic in situ characterizations, the structural evolution of Ni‐NPC at different sodium storage stages is identified. This work proposes a potential strategy for simultaneously improving the sodium storage kinetics and cycling stability of hard carbon anodes, and elucidates the improvement mechanism of this strategy.
A study of the spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese surnames
Authors: Fan Xiaohui , Gao Yuan , Liu Yan , Li Xiaomeng , Yuan Yida , Chen Liujun , Chen Jiawei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe spatial distribution of Chinese surnames is diverse and provides rich information about the evolution of human society. This study aims to propose several indices to quantify the spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese common surnames and to explore how these distributions are related to historical evolution.MethodsThis study uses data from China's ID information system covering 1.28 billion people across 362 cities. Based on the location quotient, several new concepts, such as “moderately concentrated cities” and “highly concentrated cities,” are defined. Then indices such as range, ununiformity and spatial autocorrelation are proposed and calculated to analyze the spatial characteristics of Chinese common surnames.ResultsA significant correlation is observed between the commonness of a surname and its spatial characteristics: the more common the surname, the wider its spatial range, the lower the ununiformity, and the higher the autocorrelation coefficient. These patterns reflect the complex interplay of historical, geographical, and cultural factors influencing surname spatial distribution.ConclusionsThe spatial distribution of Chinese surnames is intricately linked to their historical evolution. Most common surnames, often with deeper historical roots, exhibit wider distributions and lower ununiformity, whereas less common surnames show higher concentrations in specific areas. These quantitative results provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary characteristics of Chinese surnames.
Effect of acidic nano ZSM‐5 modified by hydroxyapatite nanowires on flame‐retardant performance in PLA/IFR composite
Authors: Ma Qin , Lu Jing , Zhai Xiaokun , Teng Hao , Zhang Ruiyan , Luo Faliang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlame‐retardant polylactic acid (PLA) composites play critical role in construction fields. However, it is urgent to develop flame‐retardant PLA composites since PLA inherent flammability and melt dripping. Herein, we utilize intumescent flame retardant (IFR) with hydroxyapatite nanowires/acidic nano ZSM‐5 (HAP/HN) as synergist to improve the PLA flame‐retardant performance. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, HN particles were distributed around with HAP and x‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum show that the HAP/HN particles were successfully developed with the interaction of hydrogen bonds. The flame‐retardant results of PLA composites showed that the limited oxygen index value increased from 18.0% of neat PLA to 38.2% for HAP/HN sample, moreover the peak heat release rate (pHRR) was lower (~65%) than that of neat PLA (553 kW/m2). In addition, the char yield of PLA/IFR/HAP/HN sample increased from 9.5% to 54.2% for PLA/IFR/HN. SEM results showed that the char surface was smoother and denser with incorporation of HAP/HN. TG‐IR test also demonstrated that the intensity of CO was decreased obviously in gas phase due to the addition of HAP.