bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent conversion of adhesive resin in the hybrid layer, Part II: In situ studies of the resin‐dentin bond
Authors: Zou Yuan , Jessop Julie L. P. , Armstrong Steven R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPenetration and conversion of adhesives into the hybrid layer (HL) is important to the quality and longevity of the adhesive resin (AR)‐dentin bond. In this study, a methodology is developed to examine the degree of conversion and relative HEMA concentration with respect to Bis‐GMA using Raman spectroscopy. This methodology will be used in the future reports related to this topic. Conversion in the AR of water‐stored resin‐dentin samples (84% ± 3%) agreed well with that measured in commercial adhesive (Comm Adh) resin samples after 24‐h water storage (80% ± 2% from Part 1) and was significantly higher than Comm Adh without water storage (58% ± 3% from Part 1) (p = 0.0005). Adhesive conversion was not significantly different (p = 0.5036) through the middle of the HL, with a mean of 83% ± 6%. HEMA mole fraction, relative to Bis‐GMA, was significantly higher (p = 0.0028) in the top half of the HL (0.67 ± 0.03), when compared to HEMA in the AR (0.60 ± 0.01). HEMA and EDMAB were identified through GC/MS as leachable components in the aqueous 24‐h storage media. The effect of this elution explains the change in conversion measurements observed between dry and water‐stored conditions, which is more appropriately described as the “apparent” conversion. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Development of a new poly(ethylene glycol)‐graft‐poly(D,L‐lactic acid) as potential drug carriers
Authors: Pan Jun , Zhao Mingmei , Liu Ying , Wang Bin , Mi Li , Yang Li 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐modified poly(D,L‐lactic acid) (PLA) was synthesized by grafting maleic anhydride onto PLA and subsequently amidating with O,O'‐bis‐(2‐aminopropyl) polypropylene glycol‐block‐polyethylene oxide‐block‐polypropylene glycol (H2 N‐PEG‐NH2, Mw: 600). Its structure was confirmed by FTIR, DSC, 1H NMR, GPC, and ninhydrin test. The polymer is more hydrophilic compared with PLA according to contact angle tests, and is degradable as determined from its pH and mass changes during degradation. The polymer shows a 62.7% decrease in BSA absorption compared with PLA when dried in air, and a 82.76% decrease when dried under 65% humidity, as measured by fluorospectrophotometry. The polymer promotes adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, determined by MTT assay. With this new polymer, spherical nanoscale aggregates encapsulated with or without hydrophilic dye are formed spontaneously in water, visualized by inverted microscope and AFM. The particle size is concentration dependent as confirmed by dynamic light scattering, and its critical micelle concentration was 1.124 μg/mL as determined by a fluorescence method. The good hydrophilicity, degradability, cellular compatibility, protein‐resistance, self‐aggregation, and reactivity of the polymer may lead to its potential applications in drug delivery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Encapsulated Staphylococcus aureus strains vary in adhesiveness assessed by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Coldren Faith M. , Palavecino Elizabeth L. , Levi‐Polyachenko Nicole H. , Wagner William D. , Smith Thomas L. , Smith Beth P. , Webb Lawrence X. , Carroll David L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharides are believed to play a role in adhesion to surfaces and may contribute to their antimicrobial resistance, thereby increasing the rates and severity of associated infections. The purpose of this study was to compare the adhesiveness of distinct S. aureus capsular polysaccharides to determine whether adhesiveness was a general or specific feature across different S. aureus strains. Atomic force microscopy was used to confirm the presence or absence of capsular polysaccharides and to measure adhesive forces on a noncapsulated, serotype 8, and serotype 2 strain of S. aureus. Serotype 8 displayed a larger range of adhesive forces (1–19 nN) than the noncapsulated (0–4 nN) and serotype 2 (0–4 nN) strain. The majority of adhesive forces for serotype 8 were in the 10–15 nN range. Removal of capsular polysaccharides gave a marked decrease in adhesive forces measured for serotype 8 and, to a lesser extent, a decrease for serotype 2. Noncapsulated, serotype 8, and serotype 2 S. aureus had water contact angles of 23.8 (±8.9), 34.4 (±2.5), and 56.7 (±11.2) degrees (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. For the first time, capsular polysaccharides from serotype 8 (clinically common) and serotype 2 (clinically rare) were demonstrated to have different physical properties, which may account for variations in studies in which clinical isolates are utilized, and the conflict in proposed roles for capsular polysaccharides on S. aureus is explained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
In vitro characterization of hepatocyte growth factor release from PHBV/PLGA microsphere scaffold
Authors: Zhu Xin Hao , Wang Chi‐Hwa , Tong Yen Wah 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPolymer scaffolds which can support cells to grow as well as deliver growth factors to the cells simultaneously have great potential for the successful regeneration of failed tissues. As popularly used vehicles to deliver anti‐cancer drugs and growth factors, microspheres also show many advantages as substrates to guide the growth of cells. Therefore, we aimed to examine the feasibility of using microspheres as ideal scaffolds for liver tissue engineering. To determine the capabilities of previously used microsphere scaffold to deliver growth factors simultaneously, this work investigated a long‐term (about three months) release of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from microsphere scaffolds fabricated by using two different polymers, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV, 8% PHV), poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) acid (PLGA, 5050) and a blend of PLGA and PHBV. BSA served as a model for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) since both proteins have similar molecular weights and hydrophilicity. Furthermore, HGF was encapsulated into the PLGA/PHBV composite microsphere with a core‐shell structure, and sustained delivery of HGF with maintained bioactivity was achieved for at least 40 days. The moderate degradation rate (about 55% loss of the initial mass) and well‐preserved structure after three months of incubation indicated that the PLGA/PHBV composite microspheres would therefore be more suitable than the pure PHBV or PLGA microspheres as a scaffold for engineering liver tissue. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Brainstorming an audit
Authors: Bean LuAnn 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAuditors are now required to conduct brainstorming sessions, as mandated in Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 99 and SAS No. 109. The goal is for audit team members to generate ideas about how and where fraud might be occurring—and how to detect it.But how do you conduct an effective brainstorming session? The author explores that question, suggests ways to customize the process, and offers questions auditors should address. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Internal controls: Strategies for smaller companies
Authors: Singleton Tommie 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInternal controls are not just the concern of auditors. Over the past two decades, a series of financial frauds elevated the importance and scope of internal controls—especially for management.Managers struggling to improve internal controls, however, should see them as more than just an intricate maze or a headache. Internal controls can benefit management in several ways.But there are obstacles to making substantial improvements to internal controls—even if management is convinced that is needed. And the obstacles are bigger for smaller companies, or when resources are limited due to the economy, lean budgets, and so forth. So what can management do? The author offers some answers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
There are 1,132,835,421,602,062,347 nonisomorphic one‐factorizations of K14
Authors: Kaski Petteri , Östergård Patric R. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe establish by means of a computer search that a complete graph on 14 vertices has 98,758,655,816,833,727,741,338,583,040 distinct and 1,132,835,421,602,062,347 nonisomorphic one‐factorizations. The enumeration is constructive for the 10,305,262,573 isomorphism classes that admit a nontrivial automorphism. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 147–159, 2009
Overexpression of TRPC3 reduces the content of intracellular calcium stores in HEK‐293 cells
Authors: Löf Christoffer , Blom Tomas , Törnquist Kid 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe mammalian canonical transient receptor channels (TRPCs) are considered to be candidates for store‐operated calcium channels (SOCCs). Many studies have addressed how TRPC3 channels are affected by depletion of intracellular calcium stores. Conflicting results have been shown for TRPC3 regarding its function, and this has been linked to its level of expression in various systems. In the present study, we have investigated how overexpression of TRPC3 interferes with the regulation of intracellular calcium stores. We demonstrate that overexpression of TRPC3 reduces the mobilization of calcium in response to stimulation of the cells with thapsigargin (TG) or the G‐protein coupled receptor agonist sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P). Our results indicate that this is the result of the expression of TRPC3 channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thus depleting ER calcium stores. OAG evoked calcium entry in cells overexpressing TRPC3, indicating that functional TRPC3 channels were also expressed in the plasma membrane. Taken together, our results show that overexpression of the putative SOCC, TRPC3, actually reduces the calcium content of intracellular stores, but does not enhance agonist‐evoked or store‐dependent calcium entry. Our results may, in part, explain the conflicting results obtained in previous studies on the actions of TRPC3 channels. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 245–252, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intramuscular and subcutaneous sparganosis: Sonographic findings
Authors: Kim Hee Young , Kang Chang Ho , Kim Jung Hyuk , Lee Soon‐Hyuck , Park Si Young , Cho Sung Weon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA case of subcutaneous and intramuscular sparganosis was confirmed on surgical excision of a worm in a 60‐year‐old woman suffering from painful masses in the right thigh. Sonography and MRI revealed an ill‐defined intramuscular lesion and multiple cystic lesions in the subcutaneous tissue. At the time of the excision, a sparganum larva was found in the adductor longus muscle. If an intramuscular mass with a serpiginous cystic tract is seen on imaging studies in an endemic area, musculoskeletal sparganosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue tumor. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Sonography of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the groin
Authors: Kau Thomas , Lesnik Gerald , Arnold Gerald , Hausegger Klaus Armin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon tumor that arises from the dermis of adults. Its malignant potential is considered to be intermediate. Because the diagnosis of DFSP can frequently be suspected on the basis of physical examination reports on its sonographic appearance are rare. We report a case that highlights the value of sonography in assessing the subcutaneous extent of DFSP. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Solifenacin‐induced small bowel pseudo‐obstruction
Authors: Pemmaraju Naveen , Feldman Leonard S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn 89‐year‐old woman was admitted to Johns Hopkins Hospital with a small bowel obstruction and symptoms of urinary retention. She had been started on solfenacin for bladder overactivity 10 days prior to her presentation. Withdrawal of the solfenacin resulted in a full recovery, which has persisted for greater than 6 months without surgical intervention. This is the first reported case report of small bowel pseudo‐obstruction due to solifenacin. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:176–178. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Cost effectiveness of an inpatient influenza immunization assessment and delivery program for children with asthma
Authors: Teufel Ronald J. , Basco William T. , Simpson Kit N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Influenza is common in children. Children with asthma are underimmunized. The Centers for Disease Control recommends immunization in an acute‐care hospital setting.OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the potential clinical benefit and cost savings of delivering influenza vaccination to hospitalized children with asthma.DESIGN:The study was designed as a decision and cost‐effectiveness analyses. A decision tree was constructed to represent an intervention to assess and deliver influenza vaccinations to hospitalized pediatric patients with asthma. A literature survey provided estimates for the decision tree assumptions. In the decision analysis, various rates of screening for influenza vaccine status were investigated to determine the effects on final up‐to‐date (UTD) status in a hypothetical cohort. The cost‐effectiveness analysis was used to determine potential cost savings resulting from the modeled increase in UTD status.MEASUREMENTS:The percentage of children ultimately becoming UTD, direct and indirect costs, and cost savings of the intervention were measured.RESULTS:With existing data showing that only 29% of asthmatics receive the influenza vaccine in a given year, our decision analysis demonstrated that even modest increases in the screening rate for influenza vaccine status among hospitalized patients with asthma can result in clinically significant increases in UTD status. For example, screening just 20% of those with asthma who are hospitalized would result in 35% ultimately being UTD for that influenza season; and 100% screening would result in 59% being UTD. The cost savings for this intervention would be $5.45/child assessed and $9.19/child vaccinated. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the results to be robust and generalizable.CONCLUSIONS:An intervention to improve the assessment and delivery of influenza vaccination to hospitalized pediatric asthmatics would improve clinical outcomes and result in cost savings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:134–141. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice through activation of microglia and dendritic cells after IL‐12 administration
Authors: Yaguchi Masae , Ohta Shigeki , Toyama Yoshiaki , Kawakami Yutaka , Toda Masahiro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe have previously reported that the transplantation of dendritic cells (DCs) brings about functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice through the activation of endogenous microglia/macrophages and neural stem/progenitor cells. In this study, the effect of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12), which is secreted from DCs, was evaluated for the treatment of spinal cord injury in mice. Administration of IL‐12 into the injured site significantly increased the number of activated microglia/macrophages and DCs as well as the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor surrounding the lesion site. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that de novo neurogenesis and remyelination were induced by IL‐12 treatment. Furthermore, an open field test using Basso‐Beattie‐Brenham scoring revealed a significant improvement of locomotor function in mice treated with IL‐12. These results suggest that IL‐12 administration into the injured spinal cord results in a functional recovery through the activation of microglia/macrophages and DCs. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polarization‐sensitive CARS spectroscopy on free‐base porphyrins: coproporphyrin I tetramethyl ester
Authors: Koster J. , Schlücker S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe application of polarization‐sensitive (PS) coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy for the investigation of highly luminescent free‐base porphyrins under Qx band resonance is discussed. For coproporphyrin I tetramethyl ester (CP‐I‐TME), PS CARS spectra involving resonances with the electronic Qx absorption band as well as polarized spontaneous Raman spectra involving B band resonance are presented. A quantitative evaluation of the CP‐I‐TME spectra is performed and the results are compared to our previously presented data on free‐base octaethylporphine (OEP) and mesoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (MP‐IX‐DME), which were obtained under identical excitation conditions. This comprehensive analysis reveals several spectral differences that can be attributed to the different β–substitution pattern of the porphyrin macrocycle. Additionally, the strong resonance enhancement of totally symmetric modes under Qx band excitation is identified as a common property for OEP, CP‐I‐TME, and MP‐IX‐DME; this enhancement selectivity distinguishes the investigated substances from what is generally observed for metallo porphyrins. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The colours of Etruscan painting: a study on the Tomba dell'Orco in the necropolis of Tarquinia
Authors: Sodo Armida , Artioli Domenico , Botti Alberto , De Palma Giovanna , Giovagnoli Annamaria , Mariottini Maurizio , Paradisi Alessandra , Polidoro Costantino , Ricci Maria Antonietta 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Tomba dell'Orco is one of the most beautiful and richly decorated tombs in the Etruscan necropolis of Tarquinia (Lazio, Italy). The necropolis extends over a wide hill territory of 750 ha; in particular, this tomb is situated on a hill close to the modern cemetery of Tarquinia. The tomb was discovered in 1868 and it is composed of two distinct sepulchral rooms, dating back to the beginning and the end of 4th century B.C., respectively. The biggest and more recent room is the object of our investigation. Although this tomb has been intensively studied in the past for purposes of restoration and conservation, a scientific report has never been published. During the last restoration (2001), several scientific investigations were performed in order to characterise the materials and technique of execution of the mural paintings. In this study, we report the Raman and EDXRF measurements carried out to identify the colour palette. In some cases, to confirm and clarify some results, it was necessary to work on cross‐sections, to analyse the composition of the different layers. Mixtures of ochre and cinnabar were found on the body of the painted figures, while only red ochre was used for decorative elements. Orpiment and yellow ochre were used as yellow pigments. It was also possible to recognise calcite‐ and copper‐based pigments for white and green‐blue decorations, respectively. Evidences of Egyptian Blue were also found. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Executive compensation and firm performance: adjustment dynamics, non‐linearity and asymmetry
Authors: Canarella Giorgio , Nourayi Mahmoud M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe relationship between executive compensation and firm performance is a field of intense theoretical and empirical research. The purpose of this study is to gain additional insights into the nature of this relationship by examining empirically the relatively unexplored areas of its dynamics of adjustment, as well as its non‐linearity. The findings of this study show strong evidence in support of the view that (a) executive compensation is characterized by a dynamic process of adjustment, and (b) the relationship between executive compensation and firm performance is non‐linear and asymmetric. Additionally, the structure of asymmetry is found to be dependent on the measure of performance. Convexity characterizes the asymmetry of the relationship between executive compensation and market returns, while concavity distinguishes the asymmetry of the relationship between executive compensation and accounting returns. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐classical analysis for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with potential
Authors: Carles Rémi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe describe the semi‐classical limit for solutions of the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the presence of an external potential in several régimes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimizing system performance in the event of feedback failure
Authors: Chakraborty Debraj , Hammer Jacob 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe problem of maintaining acceptable performance of a perturbed control system during a disruption of the feedback signal is addressed. The objective is to maximize the time during which performance remains within desirable bounds without feedback, given that the parameters of the controlled system are within a specified neighborhood of their nominal values. The existence of an optimal open‐loop controller that achieves this objective is proved. It is also shown that a bang‐bang input can approximate the performance of the optimal controller. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Approximation properties of trigonometric finite wave elements
Authors: Heubeck B. , Pflaum C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper we analyze the approximation properties of Trigonometric Finite Wave Elements (TFWE). These Finite Elements were developed for solving Helmholtz equation and Schrödinger equation with respect to special applications, e.g. for simulating resonators with internal reflections occurring in Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers and other laser types. We emphasize the advantages of the TFWE in comparison to standard bilinear Finite Elements (FE). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanical integrators for mixed elements in nonlinear elastodynamics
Authors: Müller Melanie , Betsch Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEnhanced assumed strain (EAS) elements (see, for example, [1]) are well‐known to exhibit improved convergence behavior, especially in the context of bending dominated situations and in the incompressible limit. In the present work we focus on the application of EAS elements to nonlinear elastodynamics. In particular, we aim at the design of energy‐momentum schemes for the stable numerical integration of the semi‐discrete equations of motion. For this purpose we make use of the notion of a G‐equivariant discrete derivative introduced by Gonzalez [2] in the framework of general finite‐dimensional Hamiltonian systems with symmetry. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Why does the positive regulation in bacteriophage λ affect isomerization of the RNAP‐DNA complex?
Authors: Patterson Kate , Gedeon Tomáš , Mischaikow Konstantin , Traldi Eliane 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe use a model due to Santillán and Mackey, which is based on the Ackers chemical equilibrium description of the promoter binding by the regulatory factors, to show that the stability of the phage λ lysogen will be severely compromised if CI had a 10‐fold effect on KB and no effect on k. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Representation of preference orderings on Lp‐spaces by integral functionals: discounting, continuity and TAS utility
Authors: Sagara Nobusumi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper presents an axiomatic approach in a continuous time framework for representing preference orderings on Lp ‐spaces in terms of integral functionals. We show that if preference orderings on Lp ‐spaces satisfy continuity, separability, sensitivity, substitutability, additivity and lower boundedness, then there exists a utility function for the preference orderings such that the utility function is an integral functional with an upper semicontinuous integrand satisfying the growth condition. Moreover, if the preference orderings satisfy the continuity with respect to the weak topology of Lp ‐spaces, then the integrand is a concave integrand. As a result, time additive separable (TAS) utility functions with constant discount rates are obtained. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)