bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in pituitary macroadenomas: preliminary results
Authors: Stadlbauer Andreas , Buchfelder Michael , Nimsky Christopher , Saeger Wolfgang , Salomonowitz Erich , Pinker Katja , Richter Gregor , Akutsu Hiroyoshi , Ganslandt Oliver 
Published: July 2008

Object
The aim of this study was to correlate proton MR (1H-MR) spectroscopy data with histopathological and surgical findings of proliferation and hemorrhage in pituitary macroadenomas.

Methods
Quantitative 1H-MR spectroscopy was performed on a 1.5-T unit in 37 patients with pituitary macroadenomas. A point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (TR 2000 msec, TE 135 msec) with 128 averages and chemical shift selective pulses for water suppression was used. Voxel dimensions were adapted to ensure that the volume of interest was fully located within the lesion and to obtain optimal homogeneity of the magnetic field. In addition, water-unsuppressed spectra (16 averages) were acquired from the same volume of interest for eddy current correction, absolute quantification of metabolite signals, and determination of full width at half maximum of the unsuppressed water peak (FWHMwater). Metabolite concentrations of choline-containing compounds (Cho) were computed using the LCModel program and correlated with MIB-1 as a proliferative cell index from a tissue specimen.

Results
In 16 patients harboring macroadenomas without hemorrhage, there was a strong positive linear correlation between metabolite concentrations of Cho and the MIB-1 proliferative cell index (R = 0.819, p < 0.001). The metabolite concentrations of Cho ranged from 1.8 to 5.2 mM, and the FWHMwater was 4.4–11.7 Hz. Eleven patients had a hemorrhagic adenoma and showed no assignable metabolite concentration of Cho, and the FWHMwater was 13.4–24.4 Hz. In 10 patients the size of the lesion was too small (< 20 mm in 2 directions) for the acquisition of MR spectroscopy data.

Conclusions
Quantitative 1H-MR spectroscopy provided important information on the proliferative potential and hemorrhaging of pituitary macroadenomas. These data may be useful for noninvasive structural monitoring of pituitary macroadenomas. Differences in the FWHMwater could be explained by iron ions of hemosiderin, which lead to worsened homogeneity of the magnetic field.
Dural arteriovenous fistula of the anterior condylar confluence and hypoglossal canal mimicking a jugular foramen tumor
Authors: Liu James K. , Mahaney Kelly , Barnwell Stanley L. , McMenomey Sean O. , Delashaw Johnny B. 
Published: July 2008

The anterior condylar confluence (ACC) is located on the external orifice of the canal of the hypoglossal nerve and provides multiple connections with the dural venous sinuses of the posterior fossa, internal jugular vein, and the vertebral venous plexus. Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the ACC and hypoglossal canal (anterior condylar vein) are extremely rare. The authors present a case involving an ACC DAVF and hypoglossal canal that mimicked a hypervascular jugular bulb tumor.
This 53-year-old man presented with right hypoglossal nerve palsy. A right pulsatile tinnitus had resolved several months previously. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an enhancing right-sided jugular foramen lesion involving the hypoglossal canal. Cerebral angiography revealed a hypervascular lesion at the jugular bulb, with early venous drainage into the extracranial vertebral venous plexus. This was thought to represent either a glomus jugulare tumor or a DAVF.
The patient underwent preoperative transarterial embolization followed by surgical exploration via a far-lateral transcondylar approach. At surgery, a DAVF was identified draining into the ACC and hypoglossal canal. The fistula was surgically obliterated, and this was confirmed on postoperative angiography. The patient's hypoglossal nerve palsy resolved.
Dural arteriovenous fistulas of the ACC and hypoglossal canal are rare lesions that can present with isolated hypoglossal nerve palsies. They should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypervascular jugular bulb lesions. The authors review the anatomy of the ACC and discuss the literature on DAVFs involving the hypoglossal canal.
Eyelid approach to the anterior cranial base
Authors: Andaluz Norberto , Romano Alberto , Reddy Likith V. , Zuccarello Mario 
Published: July 2008

Skull base approaches play a fundamental role in modern neurosurgery by reducing surgical morbidity. Increasing experience has allowed surgeons to perform minimally invasive approaches without straying from the premises of skull base surgery. The eyelid approach has evolved from the orbitopterional osteotomy into a more effective and targeted approach to disease of the anterior cranial fossa. In this technique, after an incision is made on the supratarsal fold, the orbicularis oculi muscle is incised, and a myocutaneous flap composed of the elements of the anterior lamella is elevated. Subperiosteal dissection is used to expose the superior and lateral walls of the orbit, the superior and lateral orbital rim, and the frontosphenoidal suture. A MacCarty bur hole is drilled, and a frontal osteotomy is fashioned medial to the supraorbital notch and extending through the orbital roof back toward the orbital half of the MacCarty bur hole, exposing the frontobasal brain. A conventional microsurgical technique is used to treat tumors and aneurysms of the anterior cranial fossa under the operative microscope.
Five patients were treated for unruptured aneurysms of the anterior circulation (3 anterior communicating artery aneurysms, 1 ophthalmic artery aneurysm, and 1 posterior communicating artery aneurysm) using the eyelid approach. The mean aneurysm size was 5 mm, and all aneurysms were approached from the right side. Three tumors in the anterior fossa (2 suprasellar pituitary adenomas and 1 craniopharyngioma) were also excised using this approach. There was no surgical morbidity. Three months after surgery all patients presented excellent cosmetic results. The eyelid approach may be considered as an effective, cosmetically beneficial, and minimally invasive skull base approach to selected aneurysms and tumors of the anterior circulation.
American influence on the origins of neurosurgery in the Netherlands
Authors: Kloet Alfred , Krouwer Hendrikus G. J. , Koehler Peter J. 
Published: July 2008

Although the Netherlands played a major role in the revival of craniotomy in the late 19th century, modern neurosurgery made a late start there. Unlike the situation in other European countries, Dutch neurosurgery lacked a protagonist when, at the turn of the last century, craniotomy became less popular due to discouraging results.
During two lecture tours in the US in the 1920s and 1930s, the influential Dutch neurologist Bernard Brouwer also visited the leading neurosurgical centers. He was deeply impressed by the high standards and results in the New World, and upon his return to Amsterdam, he decided to try to change the dismal state of Dutch neurosurgery. Funds were raised to send the general surgeon Ignaz Oljenick for training to Harvey Cushing, and close ties between Amsterdam and neuroscientists in the US remained. Several American neurosurgeons received part of their basic training in Amsterdam. A second Dutch surgeon, Ferdinand Verbeek, honed his neurosurgical skills under Dr. Walter Dandy. The strong American influence on the philosophy and everyday actions of Dutch neurosurgeons continues until this day.
Extracranial traumatic carotid artery dissections in children: a review of current diagnosis and treatment options
Authors: Chamoun Roukoz B. , Mawad Michel E. , Whitehead William E. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: July 2008

Object
Currently, no diagnostic or treatment standards exist for extracranial carotid artery dissection (CAD) in children after trauma. The purpose of this study was to review and describe the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of this rather uncommon sequelae of pediatric trauma.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed to examine the pertinent studies of traumatic extracranial carotid artery (CA) injuries in children.

Results
No randomized trials were identified; however, 19 case reports or small case series consisting of 34 pediatric patients were found in the literature. The diagnosis of CAD was made in 33 of 34 patients only after the onset of ischemic symptomatology. Twenty-four of 34 patients underwent cerebral angiography to confirm diagnosis; MR angiography affirmed the diagnosis in 6 of 34 patients. There was little published experience with CA ultrasonography or CT angiography for diagnosis. Thirty of 34 patients were treated with medical therapy or observation; 2 of 4 patients treated with observation alone died. There was little experience with open surgical treatment of CAD in the pediatric population, and there were no studies on the endovascular treatment of traumatic CAD in children. The literature does not support anticoagulation therapy over antiplatelet therapy.

Conclusions
As a result of this review of the literature, the authors propose the algorithms for the evaluation and treatment of traumatic extracranial CADs in children. These recommendations include utilizing MR angiography as a screening tool in cases in which the clinical suspicion of CAD is high, using conventional cerebral angiography to confirm the diagnosis, implementing antiplatelet therapy as initial medical management, and reserving endovascular stenting in cases of failed medical treatment.
Use of thalidomide to diminish growth velocity in a life-threatening congenital intracranial hemangioma
Authors: Frei-Jones Melissa , McKinstry Robert C. , Perry Arie , Leonard Jeffrey R. , Park Tae Sung , Rubin Joshua B. 
Published: July 2008

Infantile or capillary hemangioma is the most common vascular tumor of childhood. The tumors most frequently affect the head and neck area, but rare cases of intracranial lesions have been reported. Their natural history is marked by initial rapid growth velocity followed by a plateau and, in most cases, subsequent involution. Although the lesions are considered benign, 10% of affected children develop life-threatening complications (mortality rate 20–80% in this subgroup). When surgical intervention or other methods of local control are not possible, therapeutic options are limited. Corticosteroids have been the mainstay of therapy but therapeutic response is not predictable and the infectious risk is not negligible. Interferon α-2a may also be effective but has significant toxicities.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hemangiomas, and antiangiogenesis agents are being evaluated in the treatment of these tumors. Thalidomide may be an ideal therapy for life-threatening hemangiomas because it inhibits new blood vessel formation by antagonizing both the bFGF and VEGF pathways and has a more acceptable toxicity profile than other agents. The authors present the case of an infant born with a life-threatening, unresectable intracranial hemangioma in which treatment with thalidomide resulted in a good clinical outcome.
Association of Park Renovation With Park Use in New York City
Authors: Kodali Hanish P. , Wyka Katarzyna E. , Costa Sergio A. , Evenson Kelly R. , Thorpe Lorna E. , Huang Terry T.-K. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceEquity-driven citywide park redesign and renovation, such as the Community Parks Initiative (CPI), has the potential to increase park use and opportunities for physical activity in underserved communities.ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in patterns of park use following park redesign and renovation in low-income New York City (NYC) neighborhoods.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces study was a prospective quality improvement preintervention-postintervention study design with matched control parks. Thirty-three intervention and 21 control neighborhood parks were selected based on specific criteria related to poverty rates, population growth, and population density in park neighborhoods and not having received more than $250 000 in investment in the past 2 decades. Data were collected at baseline (prerenovation) and 2 follow-up points (3 months and 1 year post renovation) between June 5 and December 4 from 2016 to 2022. Participants were individuals observed as users of study parks.InterventionThe CPI, which involved the redesign and renovation of neighborhood parks by the municipal government of New York City.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes encompassed park use and physical activity levels assessed using the well-validated System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities. Park use was quantified by total number of park users, categorized by age group (≤20 years vs ≥21 years), sex, and physical activity level (sitting or standing vs walking or vigorous activity). Changes in outcomes between groups were compared via the generalized estimation equation.ResultsA total of 28 322 park users were observed across 1458 scans. At baseline, 6343 of 10 633 users (59.7%) were 20 years or younger, 4927 of 10 632 (46.3%) were female and 5705 (53.7%) were male, and 4641 of 10 605 (43.8%) were sitting or standing. Intervention parks showed more net park users compared with control parks from baseline to the final follow-up (difference-in-difference relative rate ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.22-2.35] users/scan; P = .002). The association was driven by a significant increase in adult users at intervention parks and overall decrease in all users at control parks. Park users engaging in sitting or standing at intervention parks increased (difference, 4.68 [95% CI, 1.71-7.62] users/scan; P = .002) and park users engaging in walking or vigorous physical activity at control parks decreased (difference, −7.30 [95% CI, −10.80 to −4.26] users/scan; P &amp;lt; .001) over time.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study, park redesign and renovation were positively associated with park use in low-income neighborhoods. However, park renovations may need to be accompanied by other programmatic strategies to increase physical activity.
Trajectories of Adolescent Media Use and Their Associations With Psychotic Experiences
Authors: Paquin Vincent , Ferrari Manuela , Rej Soham , Boivin Michel , Ouellet-Morin Isabelle , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Shah Jai L. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceAdolescent media use is thought to influence mental health, but whether it is associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine longitudinal trajectories of adolescent media use and their associations with PEs at 23 years of age.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included participants from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (1998-2021): children who were born in Québec, Canada, and followed up annually or biennially from ages 5 months through 23 years. Data were analyzed between January 2023 and January 2024.ExposuresParticipants reported their weekly amount of television viewing, video gaming, computer use, and reading at ages 12, 13, 15, and 17 years.Main Outcome and MeasuresLifetime occurrence of PEs was measured at 23 years of age. Covariables included sociodemographic, genetic, family, and childhood characteristics between ages 5 months and 12 years.ResultsA total of 1226 participants were included in the analyses (713 [58.2%] female, 513 [41.8%] male). For each media type, latent class mixed modeling identified 3 group-based trajectories, with subgroups following trajectories of higher use: television viewing, 128 (10.4%); video gaming, 145 (11.8%); computer use, 353 (28.8%); and reading, 140 (11.4%). Relative to lower video gaming, higher video gaming was preceded by higher levels of mental health and interpersonal problems at age 12 years. Adjusting for these risk factors mitigated the association between higher video gaming and PEs at age 23 years. The curved trajectory of computer use (189 [15.4%] participants), characterized by increasing levels of use until age 15 years followed by a decrease, was associated with higher PEs (estimated difference, +5.3%; 95% CI, +1.5% to +9.3%) relative to lower use (684 [55.8%] participants). This association remained statistically significant after covariable adjustment.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that longitudinal trajectories of media use during adolescence were modestly associated with PEs at age 23 years, likely reflecting the influence of shared risk factors. Understanding the environmental determinants and psychosocial functions of media use during adolescence may help better integrate digital technologies in the prevention and management of PEs.
Multifunctional Photodetector with Tunable Response Bandwidth and Polarization Sensitivity
Authors: Jiang Jingzan , Deng Yadan , Li Jia , Guo Min , Sun Jun , Li Xiaolong , Lou Zhidong , Hou Yanbing , Hu Yufeng , Teng Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultifunctional organic photodetectors (MFOPDs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable potential for integrating diverse device functionalities. In contrast to previous MFOPDs that have primarily emphasized the integration of various response bands, a pioneering multifunctional photodetector is introduced based on the P3HT:PC61BM system capable of selectively responding to both wavelength and polarization. Under positive bias, the device operates in a wide‐band, polarization‐insensitive mode, achieving an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 7.01 × 104%. The EQE dichroic ratio (DR) of the device remains <1.01 (at 650 nm). Conversely, under negative bias, the device transitions into a narrow‐band, polarization‐sensitive mode, achieving an EQE of up to 4.82 × 104% with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 25 nm at 650 nm. The EQE DR exceeds 10 in this mode, marking it as one of the highest values within the field of polarization‐sensitive organic photodetectors. This versatile operation is made possible through the strategic use of double‐sided barriers, an oriented light harvesting layer, and a charge injection narrowing (CIN) approach. This work represents a significant advancement toward the realization of multifunctional photodetectors capable of selecting response bands and polarization sensitivity.
MoC‐MoSe2 Heterostructures as Multifunctional Catalyst Toward Promoting the Stepwise Polysulfide Conversion for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xia Wenlong , Chen Yufang , Han Mingyu , Wu Xingqiao , Yang Hankun , Fu Keyang , Chen Manfang , Wang Xianyou , Shu Hongbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCatalyzing polysulfides conversion for lithium‐sulfur batteries is an efficient strategy to overcome the sluggish kinetics of polysulfides conversion as well as its serious shuttling effect. Due to the multistep and complicated phase transformation of sulfur species, the monofunctional catalyst can hardly promote the overall polysulfides redox process. Herein, a molybdenum‐based heterostructure is proposed, that facilitates the entire reduction process by tandemly catalyzing liquid‐liquid conversion and liquid‐solid conversion. It is uncovered that the MoC physiochemically immobilizes the soluble long‐chain polysulfide and accelerates the conversion between S8 to Li2S4 through adsorbing Li2S8 and extending its S─S bond distance. Then, the kinetics of Li2S precipitation is enhanced by facilitating the migration of Li2S4 from MoC to MoSe2. This is driven by the internal electric field at the heterogeneous interface and the low diffusion energy barrier on MoSe2 for Li2S4. Moreover, MoC‐MoSe2 exhibits the smallest degree of Li2S2 disproportionation throughout the reduction process. Consequently, the cell with MoC‐MoSe2/C/S cathode delivers an initial discharge‐specific capacity of 841.1 mAh g−1 and long‐term cycling stability with a capacity attenuation rate of 0.08% per cycle at 1.0 C. This work presents a novelty view to design a rational multifunction catalyst for sequentially accelerating the stepwise conversion of polysulfides.
Interface‐Engineering Induced Swift and Controllable Solar‐Blind Photoresponse in Ga2O3/SiC Heterojunction Based on Unconventional Rectification Characteristics
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Han Keju , Huang Hong , Zhao Xiaolong , Zhan Haoyan , Hou Xiaohu , Feng Xiao , Zhou Xuanze , Xu Guangwei , Zhang Feng , Long Shibing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGa2O3 photodetectors with demonstrated high sensitivity provide a potential subversive scheme for solar‐blind photodetection. However, the planar structure and the relatively slow response speed of the device have restricted the integration and application of Ga2O3 photodetectors. Herein, a narrow SiO2 barrier layer is introduced on the commercial SiC substrate, and a vertical photodetector is realized based on β‐Ga2O3/SiO2/SiC heterostructure with controllable tunneling effect by tailoring the band structure at the interface. The developed device exhibits unconventional rectification characteristics and photoresponse performance in different biasing modes owing to the controllable tunneling effect at the interface. In particular, the photodetector achieves a high responsivity (186.8 A W−1) under solar‐blind illumination at reverse bias, while exhibiting obvious advantages in dark current (3 pA), photo‐to‐dark current ratio (8.8 × 106), linear dynamic range (138.8 dB), and specific detectivity (1.4 × 1015 Jones) at forward bias. The photodetector also demonstrates excellent photoresponse stability after 6 months in air without encapsulation. In addition, an alternating biasing strategy, inspired by its bidirectional operability, is proposed to suppress the persistent photoconductivity effect and increase the decay speed by 1.23 × 105 times. This work provides a referable strategy for the further development of high‐performance Ga2O3‐based photoelectronics.
Facilitating Highly Reversible Li‐Ion Storage of MoSe2‐TiO2‐MXene via Double Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Cai , Zhao Peng , Lu Keren , Han Shuai , Zhang Chao , Xia Xifeng , Lei Wu , Guo Qiubo , Hao Qingli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeterostructured composites, inheriting the integrated properties of the individual components due to the synergistic effect, have engendered great attention in materials science and energy storage. However, conventional biphasic heterostructures not only optimize the performance of the composites but also aggregate the inevitable drawbacks, which can be addressed with the construction of the triphasic heterostructures by introducing an appropriate intermediate phase, significantly. Herein, a two‐dimensional (2D) double‐heterostructures MoSe2‐TiO2‐MXene anode is architected for Li‐ion storage, which combines the advantages of the high theoretical capacity of MoSe2 and metallic conductivity of MXene. Besides, the in‐situ derived TiO2 can alleviate the irreversible phase transition of MoSe2, arising from the low electronic/ionic conductivities, through electronic coupling effects. Meanwhile, the intermediate phase of TiO2 can further prevent the restacking issue of MXene, thus sustaining its high conductivity. Finally, the three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is employed to further improve the kinetics of the electrodes for Li‐ion capacitors (LICs), which deliver the power density of 5563 W kg−1 at an energy density of 51 Wh kg−1, and a remarkable cycling stability for 20 000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work deepens the understanding of the influence of heterostructured engineering on the design of high‐energy/power storage devices.