bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of functional outcomes in adolescents and young adults with lower‐extremity bone sarcoma
Authors: Ginsberg Jill P. , Rai Shesh N. , Carlson Claire A. , Meadows Anna T. , Hinds Pamela S. , Spearing Elena M. , Zhang Lijun , Callaway Lulie , Neel Michael D. , Rao Bhaskar N. , Marchese Victoria G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundComparison of functional mobility and quality of life is performed in patients with lower‐extremity bone sarcoma following either amputation, limb‐sparing surgery, or rotationplasty with four different types of outcome measures: (1) an objective functional mobility measure that requires patients to physically perform specific tasks, functional mobility assessment (FMA); (2) a clinician administered tool, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Scale (MSTS); (3) a patient questionnaire, Toronto Extremity Salvage Scale (TESS); and (4) a health‐related quality of life (HRQL) measure, Short Form‐36 version 2 (SF‐36v.2).ProcedureThis is a prospective multi‐site study including 91 patients with lower‐extremity bone sarcoma following amputation, limb‐sparing surgery, or rotationplasty. One of three physical therapists administered the quality of life measure (SF‐36v.2) as well as a battery of functional measures (FMA, MSTS, and TESS).ResultsDifferences between patients who had amputation, limb‐sparing surgery, or rotationplasty were consistently demonstrated by the FMA. Patients with limb sparing femur surgery performed better than those patients with an above the knee amputation but similarly to a small number of rotationplasty patients. Several of the more conventional self‐report measures were shown to not have the discriminative capabilities of the FMA in these cohorts.ConclusionIn adolescents with lower‐extremity bone sarcoma, it may be advantageous to consider the use of a combination of outcome measures, including the FMA, for objective functional mobility assessment along with the TESS for a subjective measure of disability and the SF‐36v.2 for a quality‐of‐life measure. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:964–969. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mathematical modeling of interfacial polycondensation
Authors: Berezkin Anatoly V. , Khokhlov Alexei R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe works on mathematical modeling of interfacial polycondensation are reviewed over the period since 1970s up to now. Attention is primarily paid to the techniques of local and macrokinetic modeling. Two approaches to the theoretical description of polycondensation have been formed up to date. The first one is based on analytical or semianalytical solution of differential balance equations using the stationary mass transfer approximation. The second one consists in numerical solution of the system of reaction–diffusion equations for the diffusion boundary layer of the reaction phase. The advantages and drawbacks of these approaches, specific features of their realization, basic results, as well as ways of combining these methods are discussed. A possibility of building a general model of interfacial polycondensation as a hierarchical combination of kinetic, local, and macrokinetic models is shown. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2698–2724, 2006
Mathematical modeling of crystallization analysis fractionation (Crystaf) of polyethylene
Authors: Anantawaraskul Siripon , Soares João B. P. , Jirachaithorn Preechathorn , Limtrakul Jumras 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFour polyethylene samples (PE) with different molecular weight distributions (MWD) were analyzed by crystallization analysis fractionation (Crystaf) at several cooling rates to investigate the effect of MWD and cooling rate on their Crystaf profiles. Using these results, we developed a mathematical model for Crystaf that considers crystallization kinetic effects, which are ignored in all previous Crystaf models. The Crystaf model we proposed can fit the experimental Crystaf profiles of the 4 polyethylene resins very well. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2749–2759, 2006
Local order in polycarbonate glasses by 13C{19F} rotational‐echo double‐resonance NMR
Authors: Stueber Dirk , Mehta Anil K. , Chen Zhiyun , Wooley Karen L. , Schaefer Jacob 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNearest‐neighbor chain packing in a homogeneous blend of carbonate 13C‐labeled bisphenol A polycarbonate and CF3‐labeled bisphenol A polycarbonate has been characterized using a shifted‐pulse version of magic‐angle spinning 13C{19F} rotational‐echo double‐resonance (REDOR) NMR. Complementary NMR experiments have also been performed on a polycarbonate homopolymer containing the same 13C and 19F labels. In the blend, the 13C observed spin was at high concentration, and the 19F dephasing or probe spin was at low concentration. In this situation, an analysis in terms of a distribution of isolated heteronuclear pairs of spins is valid. A comparison of the results for the blend and homopolymer defines the NMR conditions under which higher concentrations of probe labels can be used and a simple analysis of the REDOR results is still valid. The nearest neighbors of a CF3 on one chain generally include a carbonate group on an adjacent chain. A direct interpretation of the REDOR total dephasing for the polycarbonate blend indicates that at least 75% of carbonate‐carbon 13C···F3 nearest neighbors are separated by a narrow distribution of distances 4.7 ± 0.3 Å. In addition, analysis of the variations in REDOR spinning‐sideband dephasing shows that most of the 13C···F3 dipolar vectors have a preferred orientation relative to the polycarbonate mainchain axis. This combination of distance and orientational constraints is interpreted in terms of local order in the packing of the carbonate group of one polycarbonate chain relative to the isopropylidene moiety in a neighboring chain. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2760–2775, 2006
Influence of molecular architecture of S–S/B–S triblock copolymers on rheological properties
Authors: Thunga M. , Staudinger U. , Satapathy B. K. , Weidisch R. , Abdel‐Goad M. , Janke A. , Knoll K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe influence of middle and outer block composition of symmetric triblock copolymers consisting of a polystyrene–polybutadiene (S/B) random middle block and two polystyrene (PS) outer blocks on morphology and rheological behavior has been investigated. Master curves are obtained by shifting the experimental data measured at different temperatures using time‐temperature superposition principle, the validity of which was confirmed in the linear viscoelastic regime. The rheological properties are observed to be strongly influenced by the relative composition of the S‐SB‐S triblock copolymers. Increasing the S/B ratio from 1:1 to 1:2 in the middle block has lead to a change in morphology from wormlike to lamellar, which is also accompanied with broad and sharp tan δ peaks in the dynamic mechanical measurements, respectively. The storage and loss modulus have been observed to increase with the increase in PS contents in the outer blocks and PB content in the middle block. The triblock copolymer with wormlike structure showed terminal linear viscoelastic behavior, whereas the ones with lamellar morphology showed nonterminal flow behavior in the similar low‐frequency regime. The relaxation modulus (Gt) has been observed to increase four times when the S/B ratio is increased from 1:1 to 1:2, whereas it increases threefold when the PS‐content in the outer block was increased by just 8 wt %. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2776–2788, 2006
Predictors of spouses' provided support for patients receiving laparoscopic radical prostatectomy peri‐surgery
Authors: Knoll Nina , Burkert Silke , Peter Rosemeier Hans , Roigas Jan , Gralla Oliver 
Published: August 2006

AbstractClose relationships are usually the most important source of social support. But even in close relationships, symptoms of distress in one or both partners may undermine support processes. Seventy‐seven patients receiving laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (44–73 years) and their spouses (38–72 years) provided data 1 day prior to surgery as well as 2 days and 2 weeks post‐surgery. Our assumption that the commonly found support‐eroding potential of receivers' depressive symptoms would not be evident during early stages of an acute crisis situation, such as major tumor surgery, tended to be supported by the data. However, depressive symptoms and degree of patient‐reported post‐operative pain were associated with a delayed decrease in spousal instrumental support provision 2 weeks after surgery. Spousal depression was largely unrelated to the provision of support. The present findings hint at the limits of a loved‐one's capacity to assist in times of need. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical impairment and social adaptation in adult survivors of childhood and adolescent rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivors Study
Authors: Punyko Judith A. , Gurney James G. , Scott Baker K. , Hayashi Robert J. , Hudson Melissa M. , Liu Yan , Robison Leslie L. , Mertens Ann C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground: Despite interest in the well‐being of adult survivors of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), few studies have examined their health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). This study evaluated physical and social aspects of HRQOL among long‐term childhood RMS survivors relative to a sibling comparison group, and assessed whether physical impairment among RMS survivors adversely affected their ability to achieve adult life goals.Methods: Using baseline data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we evaluated self‐reported physical impairment and social adaptation among 417 survivors of childhood RMS and 2685 siblings ⩾18 years of age at survey completion.Results: Survivors were more likely than siblings to report physical impairment, characterized by: at least one medically diagnosed condition, limitations in the performance of routine activities, a health‐related inability to work or attend school, cancer‐related pain. Survivors were less likely than siblings to have completed high school, ever worked a job, or ever been married. The odds of completing high school were lower among survivors with performance limitations, a health‐related inability to work or attend school, or moderate to high levels of cancer‐related pain. Survivors who reported cancer‐related pain had an increased likelihood of ever being married.Conclusions: The majority of adult survivors of pediatric RMS are successful in attaining adult life goals despite higher reported occurrence of physical impairment than their sibling counterparts. Additional studies are needed to advance our understanding of other aspects of HRQOL in this population of pediatric cancer survivors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein under pressure: Molecular dynamics simulation of the arc repressor
Authors: Trzesniak Daniel , Lins Roberto D. , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractExperimental nuclear magnetic resonance results for the Arc Repressor have shown that this dimeric protein dissociates into a molten globule at high pressure. This structural change is accompanied by a modification of the hydrogen‐bonding pattern of the intermolecular β‐sheet: it changes its character from intermolecular to intramolecular with respect to the two monomers. Molecular dynamics simulations of the Arc Repressor, as a monomer and a dimer, at elevated pressure have been performed with the aim to study this hypothesis and to identify the major structural and dynamical changes of the protein under such conditions. The monomer appears less stable than the dimer. However, the complete dissociation has not been seen because of the long timescale needed to observe this phenomenon. In fact, the protein structure altered very little when increasing the pressure. It became slightly compressed and the dynamics of the side‐chains and the unfolding process slowed down. Increasing both, temperature and pressure, a tendency of conversion of intermolecular into intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the β‐sheet region has been detected, supporting the mentioned hypothesis. Also, the onset of denaturation of the separated chains was observed. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling protein conformational ensembles: From missing loops to equilibrium fluctuations
Authors: Shehu Amarda , Clementi Cecilia , Kavraki Lydia E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCharacterizing protein flexibility is an important goal for understanding the physical–chemical principles governing biological function. This paper presents a Fragment Ensemble Method to capture the mobility of a protein fragment such as a missing loop and its extension into a Protein Ensemble Method to characterize the mobility of an entire protein at equilibrium. The underlying approach in both methods is to combine a geometric exploration of conformational space with a statistical mechanics formulation to generate an ensemble of physical conformations on which thermodynamic quantities can be measured as ensemble averages. The Fragment Ensemble Method is validated by applying it to characterize loop mobility in both instances of strongly stable and disordered loop fragments. In each instance, fluctuations measured over generated ensembles are consistent with data from experiment and simulation. The Protein Ensemble Method captures the mobility of an entire protein by generating and combining ensembles of conformations for consecutive overlapping fragments defined over the protein sequence. This method is validated by applying it to characterize flexibility in ubiquitin and protein G. Thermodynamic quantities measured over the ensembles generated for both proteins are fully consistent with available experimental data. On these proteins, the method recovers nontrivial data such as order parameters, residual dipolar couplings, and scalar couplings. Results presented in this work suggest that the proposed methods can provide insight into the interplay between protein flexibility and function. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and dynamical properties of manganese catalase and the synthetic protein DF1 and their implication for reactivity from classical molecular dynamics calculations
Authors: Spiegel Katrin , De Grado William F. , Klein Michael L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThere is a pressing need for accurate force fields to assist in metalloprotein analysis and design. Recent work on the design of mimics of dimetal proteins highlights the requirements for activity. DF1 is a de novo designed protein, which mimics the overall fold and active site geometry of a series of diiron and dimanganese proteins. Specifically, the dimanganese form of DF1 is a mimic of the natural enzyme manganese catalase, which catalyzes the dismutation reaction of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. During catalytic turnover, the active site has to accommodate both the reduced and the oxidized state of the dimanganese core. The biomimetic protein DF1 is only stable in the reduced form and thus not active. Furthermore, the synthetic protein features an additional bridging glutamate sidechain, which occupies the substrate binding site. The goal of this study is to develop classical force fields appropriate for design of such important dimanganese proteins. To this aim, we use a nonbonded model to represent the metal–ligand interactions, which implicitly takes into account charge transfer and local polarization effects between the metal and its ligands. To calibrate this approach, we compare and contrast geometric and dynamical properties of manganese catalase and DF1. Having demonstrated a good correspondence with experimental structural data, we examine the effect of mutating the bridging glutamate to aspartate (M1) and serine (M2). Classical MD based on the refined forcefield shows that these point mutations affect not only the immediate coordination sphere of the manganese ions, but also the relative position of the helices, improving the similarity to Mn‐catalase, especially in case ofM2. On the basis of these findings, classical molecular dynamics calculations with the active site parameterization scheme introduced herein seem to be a promising addition to the protein design toolbox. Proteins 2006; © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Team CIMAR's NaviGator: An unmanned ground vehicle for the 2005 DARPA grand challenge
Authors: Crane III Carl D. , Armstrong II David G. , Touchton Robert , Galluzzo Tom , Solanki Sanjay , Lee Jaesang , Kent Daniel , Ahmed Maryum , Montane Roberto , Ridgeway Shannon , Velat Steve , Garcia Greg , Griffis Michael , Gray Sarah , Washburn John , Routson Gregory 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the development of an autonomous vehicle system that participated in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge event. After a brief description of the event, the architecture, based on version 3.2 of the Department of Defense Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems, and the design of the system are presented in detail. In particular, the “smart sensor” concept is introduced which provided a standardized means for each sensor to present data for rapid integration and arbitration. Information about the vehicle design, system localization, perception sensors, and the dynamic planning algorithms that were used is then presented in detail. Subsequently, testing results and performance results are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KAT‐5: Robust systems for autonomous vehicle navigation in challenging and unknown terrain
Authors: Trepagnier Paul G. , Nagel Jorge , Kinney Powell M. , Koutsougeras Cris , Dooner Matthew 
Published: August 2006

AbstractKAT‐5 was the fourth vehicle to make history in DARPA's 2005 Grand Challenge, where for the first time ever, autonomous vehicles were able to travel through 100 miles of rough terrain at average speeds greater than 15 mph. In this paper, we describe the mechanisms and methods that were used to develop the vehicle. We describe the main hardware systems with which the vehicle was outfitted for navigation, computing, and control. We describe the sensors, the computing grid, and the methods that controlled the navigation based on the sensor readings. We also discuss the experiences gained in the course of the development and provide highlights of actual field performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CajunBot: Architecture and algorithms
Authors: Lakhotia Arun , Golconda Suresh , Maida Anthony , Mejia Pablo , Puntambeker Amit , Seetharaman Guna , Wilson Scott 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCajunBot, an autonomous ground vehicle and a finalist in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, is built on the chassis of MAX IV, a six‐wheeled all‐terrain vehicle (ATV). Transformation of the ATV to an autonomous ground vehicle required adding drive‐by‐wire control, lidar sensors, an inertial navigation system (INS), and a computing system. Significant innovations in the core computational algorithms include an obstacle detection algorithm that takes advantage of shocks and bumps to improve visibility; a path planning algorithm that takes into account the vehicle's maneuverability limits to generate paths that are navigable at high speed; efficient data structures and algorithms that require just a single Intel Pentium 4 HT 3.2 GHz machine to handle all computations and a middleware layer that transparently distributes the computation to multiple machines, if desired. In addition, CajunBot also features support technologies, such as a simulator, playback of logged data, and live visualization on off‐board computers to aid in development, testing, and debugging. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SciAutonics‐Auburn Engineering's low‐cost high‐speed ATV for the 2005 DARPA grand challenge
Authors: Travis William , Daily Robert , Bevly David M. , Knoedler Kevin , Behringer Reinhold , Hemetsberger Hannes , Kogler Jürgen , Kubinger Wilfried , Alefs Bram 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a summary of SciAutonics‐Auburn Engineering's efforts in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge. The areas discussed in detail include the team makeup and strategy, vehicle choice, software architecture, vehicle control, navigation, path planning, and obstacle detection. In particular, the advantages and complications involved in fielding a low budget all‐terrain vehicle are presented. Emphasis is placed on detailing the methods used for high‐speed control, customized navigation, and a novel stereo vision system. The platform chosen required a highly accurate model and a well‐tuned navigation system in order to meet the demands of the Grand Challenge. Overall, the vehicle completed three out of four runs at the National Qualification Event and traveled 16 miles in the Grand Challenge before a hardware failure disabled operation. The performance in the events is described, along with a success and failure analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Golem Group/University of California at Los Angeles autonomous ground vehicle in the DARPA grand challenge
Authors: Mason Richard , Radford Jim , Kumar Deepak , Walters Robert , Fulkerson Brian , Jones Eagle , Caldwell David , Meltzer Jason , Alon Yaniv , Shashua Amnon , Hattori Hiroshi , Frazzoli Emilio , Soatto Stefano 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the Golem Group/University of California at Los Angeles entry to the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge competition. We describe the main design principles behind the development of Golem 2, the race vehicle. The subsystems devoted to obstacle detection, avoidance, and state estimation are discussed in more detail. An overview of vehicle performance in the field is provided, including successes together with an analysis of the reasons leading to failures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using a guided inquiry and modeling instructional framework (EIMA) to support preservice K‐8 science teaching
Authors: Schwarz Christina V. , Gwekwerere Yovita N. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper presents results from a study aimed at helping preservice elementary and middle school teachers incorporate model‐centered scientific inquiry into their science teaching practices. Specifically, the authors studied the effect of using a guided inquiry and modeling instructional framework (EIMA) and accompanying science methods instruction on preservice elementary teachers' science lesson design skills, scientific model use, and teaching orientations. Analysis of preservice teachers' pre–posttests, classroom artifacts, peer interviews, and lesson plans throughout the semester indicates that the framework successfully built on preservice teachers' prior instructional ideas, and that the majority of preservice teachers learned and used the framework in their lesson plans and teaching. Additionally, analysis of pre–posttest differences indicates an increase in posttest lesson plans that focused on engaging students in scientific inquiry using several kinds of models. Most importantly, the framework and accompanying instruction enabled two thirds of the class to move their teaching orientations away from discovery or didactic approaches toward reform‐based approaches such as conceptual change, inquiry, and guided inquiry. Results from this study show that using instructional frameworks such as EIMA can enable preservice teachers to socially construct, synthesize, and apply their knowledge for enacting reform‐oriented science teaching approaches such as model‐centered scientific inquiry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Sci Ed91:158–186, 2007