bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of Magnetic Field Amplification at Oblique Shocks: In Situ Observations
Authors: Madanian Hadi , Gingell Imogen , Chen Li-Jen , Monyek Eli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous structures throughout the Universe. Shock waves in space and astrophysical plasmas convert the energy of a fast-flowing plasma to other forms of energy, including thermal and magnetic energies. Plasma turbulence and high-amplitude electric and magnetic fluctuations are necessary for effective energy conversion and particle acceleration. We survey and characterize in situ observations of reflected ions and magnetic field amplification rates at quasiperpendicular shocks under a wide range of upstream conditions. We report magnetic amplification rates as high as 25 in our current data set. Reflected ions interacting with the incoming plasma create magnetic perturbations that cause magnetic amplification in upstream and downstream regions of quasiperpendicular shocks. Our observations show that, in general, magnetic amplification increases with the fraction of reflected ions, which itself increases with Mach number. Both parameters plateau once full reflection is reached. Magnetic amplification continuously increases with the inverse of the magnetization parameter of the upstream plasma. We find that the extended foot region upstream of shocks and nonlinear processes within that region are key factors for intense magnetic amplification. Our observations at nonrelativistic shocks provide the first experimental evidence that below a certain magnetization threshold, the magnetic amplification efficiency at quasiperpendicular shocks becomes comparable to that at the quasiparallel shocks.
JWST MIRI MRS Images of Disk Winds, Water, and CO in an Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Arulanantham Nicole , McClure M. K. , Pontoppidan Klaus , Beck Tracy L. , Sturm J. A. , Harsono D. , Boogert A. C. A. , Cordiner M. , Dartois E. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Espaillat C. , Melnick G. J. , Noble J. A. , Palumbo M. E. , Pendleton Y. J. , Terada H. , van Dishoeck E. F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present JWST MIRI MRS observations of the edge-on protoplanetary disk around the young subsolar-mass star Tau 042021, acquired as part of the Cycle 1 GO program “Mapping Inclined Disk Astrochemical Signatures.” These data resolve the mid-IR spatial distributions of H2, revealing X-shaped emission extending to ∼200 au above the disk midplane with a semiopening angle of 35° ± 5°. We do not velocity-resolve the gas in the spectral images, but the measured semiopening angle of the H2 is consistent with a magnetohydrodynamic wind origin. A collimated, bipolar jet is seen in forbidden emission lines from [Ne ii], [Ne iii], [Ni ii], [Fe ii], [Ar ii], and [S iii]. Extended H2O and CO emission lines are also detected, reaching diameters of ∼90 and 190 au, respectively. Hot molecular emission is not expected at such radii, and we interpret its extended spatial distribution as scattering of inner disk molecular emission by dust grains in the outer disk surface. H i recombination lines, characteristic of inner disk accretion shocks, are similarly extended and are likely also scattered light from the innermost star–disk interface. Finally, we detect extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission at 11.3 μm cospatial with the scattered-light continuum, making this the first low-mass T Tauri star around which extended PAHs have been confirmed, to our knowledge. MIRI MRS line images of edge-on disks provide an unprecedented window into the outflow, accretion, and scattering processes within protoplanetary disks, allowing us to constrain the disk lifetimes and accretion and mass-loss mechanisms.
Upregulated lncRNA PRNT promotes progression and oxaliplatin resistance of colorectal cancer cells by regulating HIPK2 transcription
Authors: Li Sai-Nan , Yang Shan , Wang Hao-Qi , Hui Tian-Li , Cheng Meng , Zhang Xi , Li Bao-Kun , Wang Gui-Ying 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and a significant cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Resistance to chemotherapy, especially during CRC treatment, leads to reduced effectiveness of drugs and poor patient outcomes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in various pathophysiological processes of tumor cells, including chemotherapy resistance, yet the roles of many lncRNAs in CRC remain unclear.
AIM
To identify and analyze the lncRNAs involved in oxaliplatin resistance in CRC and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms influencing this resistance.
METHODS
Gene Expression Omnibus datasets GSE42387 and GSE30011 were reanalyzed to identify lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with oxaliplatin resistance. Various bioinformatics tools were employed to elucidate molecular mechanisms. The expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs were assessed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Functional assays, including MTT, wound healing, and Transwell, were conducted to investigate the functional implications of lncRNA alterations. Interactions between lncRNAs and transcription factors were examined using RIP and luciferase reporter assays, while Western blotting was used to confirm downstream pathways. Additionally, a xenograft mouse model was utilized to study the in vivo effects of lncRNAs on chemotherapy resistance.
RESULTS
LncRNA prion protein testis specific (PRNT) was found to be upregulated in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines and negatively correlated with homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) expression. PRNT was demonstrated to sponge transcription factor zinc finger protein 184 (ZNF184), which in turn could regulate HIPK2 expression. Altered expression of PRNT influenced CRC cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin, with overexpression leading to decreased sensitivity and decreased expression reducing resistance. Both RIP and luciferase reporter assays indicated that ZNF184 and HIPK2 are targets of PRNT. The PRNT/ZNF184/HIPK2 axis was implicated in promoting CRC progression and oxaliplatin resistance both in vitro and in vivo .
CONCLUSION
The study concludes that PRNT is upregulated in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells and modulates the expression of HIPK2 by sponging ZNF184. This regulatory mechanism enhances CRC progression and resistance to oxaliplatin, positioning PRNT as a promising therapeutic target for CRC patients undergoing oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
Success rate of current human-derived gastric cancer organoids establishment and influencing factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Kai-Lin , Wang Xiang-Xiang , Liu Xue-Jiao , Guo Li-Kun , Chen Yong-Qi , Jia Qing-Ling , Yang Ke-Ming , Ling Jiang-Hong 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Human-derived gastric cancer organoids (GCOs) are widely used in gastric cancer research; however, the culture success rate is generally low.
AIM
To explore the potential influencing factors, and the literature on successful culture rates of GCOs was reviewed using meta-analysis.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for studies. Two trained researchers selected the studies and extracted data. STATA 17.0 software was used for meta-analysis of the incidence of each outcome event. The adjusted Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to detect publication bias. Subgroup analyses were conducted for sex, tissue source, histological classification, and the pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) cancer staging system.
RESULTS
Eight studies with a pooled success rate of 66.6% were included. GCOs derived from women and men had success rates of 67% and 46.7%, respectively. GCOs from surgery or biopsy/endoscopic submucosal dissection showed success rates of 70.9% and 53.7%, respectively. GCOs of poorly-differentiated, moderately-differentiated and signet-ring cell cancer showed success rates of 64.6%, 31%, and 32.7%, respectively. GCOs with pTNM stages I-II and III-IV showed success rates of 38.3% and 65.2%, respectively. Y-27632 and non-Y-27632 use showed success rates of 58.2% and 70%, respectively. GCOs generated with collagenase were more successful than those constructed with Liberase TH and TrypLE (72.1% vs 71%, respectively). EDTA digestion showed a 50% lower success rate than other methods (P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
GCO establishment rate is low and varies by sex, tissue source, histological type, and pTNM stage. Omitting Y-27632, and using Liberase TH, TrypLE, or collagenase yields greater success than EDTA.
Associations between COVID-19 and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Rodrigues Maria Gabriela , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , de Melo Gisely Cardoso , Dias Ádila Liliane Barros , Sartim Marco Aurélio , Xavier Mariana Simão , Netto Rebeca Linhares Abreu , Almeida Fernando Fonseca , Baía-da-Silva Djane Clarys , Brito-Sousa José Diego , de Lacerda Marcus Vinicius Guimarães , de Souza Sampaio Vanderson 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT.
Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) was suggested as a risk factor for severe disease in patients with COVID-19. We evaluated clinical outcomes and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity during and after illness in patients with COVID-19. This prospective cohort study included adult participants (≥ 18 years old) who had clinical and/or radiological COVID-19 findings or positive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction results. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity was measured using SD Biosensor STANDARD G6PD® equipment on admission and 1 year after discharge. Samples were genotyped for the three most common single nucleotide polymorphisms for G6PDd in the Brazilian Amazon. Seven hundred fifty-three patients were included, of whom 123 (16.3%) were G6PD deficient. There was no difference between groups regarding the risks of hospitalization (P = 0.740) or invasive mechanical ventilation (P = 0.31), but the risk of death was greater in patients with normal G6PD levels (P = 0.022). Only 29 of 116 participants (25%) carried the African G6PDd genotype. Of 30 participants tested as G6PD deficient during disease, only 11 (36.7%) results agreed 1 year after discharge. In conclusion, this study does not demonstrate an association of G6PDd with severity of COVID-19. Limitations of the test for detecting enzyme levels during COVID-19 illness were demonstrated by genotyping and retesting after the disease period. Care must be taken when screening for G6PDd in patients with acute COVID-19.
A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Mainstreaming Mass Drug Administration for Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Four Districts of Nigeria
Authors: Griswold Emily , Eigege Abel , Emukah Emmanuel C. , Gallagher Jayden Pace , Coalson Jenna , Rakers Lindsay , Mancha Bulus , Ndudi Okocha , Ugbadamu Paul , Dikedi Philomena , Poko Happiness , Danboyi Jacob , Dagwa Philemon , Anighoro Vincent , Gwong Christiana Davou , Otabor Esther , Amayat Goodluck James , Unukopia Regina Ese , Miri Emmanuel S. , Noland Gregory S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT.
In Nigeria, mass drug administration (MDA) for schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) has often been coordinated with other programs that receive greater external funding. As these programs reach stop MDA milestones, SCH and STH programs will likely need to transition implementation, or “mainstream,” to domestic support. A mixed-methods study was conducted in four districts before (2021) and after (2022) mainstreaming to evaluate its impact on MDA coverage. Household surveys were done in 30 villages per district pre- and post-mainstreaming. All selected communities were eligible for STH treatment; around a third were eligible for SCH treatment. Mass drug administration was primarily conducted in schools. A total of 5,441 school-aged children were included in pre-mainstreaming and 5,789 were included in post-mainstreaming. Mass drug administration coverage was heterogeneous, but overall, mebendazole coverage declined nonsignificantly from 81% pre-mainstreaming to 76% post-mainstreaming (P = 0.09); praziquantel coverage declined significantly from 73% to 55% (P = 0.008). Coverage was significantly lower among unenrolled children or those reporting poor school attendance in nearly every survey. For the qualitative component, 173 interviews and 74 focus groups were conducted with diverse stakeholders. Respondents were deeply pessimistic about the future of MDA after mainstreaming and strongly supported a gradual transition to full government ownership. Participants formulated recommendations for effective mainstreaming: clear budget allocation by governments, robust and targeted training, trust building, and comprehensive advocacy. Although participants lacked confidence that SCH and STH programs could be sustained after reductions in external support, initial results indicate that MDA coverage can remain high 1 year into mainstreaming.
Risk Factor Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka through a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Dewasurendra Rajika , Samaranayake Nilakshi , Silva Hermali , Manamperi Nuwani , Senerath Upul , Senanayake Sanath , de Silva Nissanka , Karunanayake Panduka , Zhou Guofa , Karunaweera Nadira 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT.
Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka was first reported in the early 1990s. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases have markedly increased in recent years, demanding due attention from health authorities. The spatial distribution of CL is not homogeneous. This case-control study investigated factors that may contribute to this heterogeneous distribution through a nationwide study. Information on sociodemographic, economic, and environmental characteristics was collected from study participants (cases, n = 303; controls, n = 2,762). All individuals were followed up for 3 years, and signs of CL or associated complications were recorded. Differences in possible risk factors between cases and controls were analyzed. Individuals <18 years old, electricity supply, spending >2 hours outdoors, visiting jungles/water bodies, and living near CL patients were identified as risk factors. Household members of 1.3% of cases, 2.3% of controls residing within a perimeter of 500 m from a patient, and 0.8% of controls living beyond 2 km from a case developed CL. Thus, CL in Sri Lanka appears intertwined with living environment and host behavior. Common environmental factors may be responsible for the higher risk of CL in individuals living in close proximity to CL patients. This may at least partly explain the clustering of CL cases in selected areas of the country.
Гострий вірусний гепатит у військовослужбовців під час активних бойових дій із рф
Authors: Trykhlib V. I. , Hrushkevych V. V. , Savytskyi V. L. , Boklan Yu. O. , Burakova T. V. , Teslenko I. V. , Vyshniahov A. M. , Tretiakov V. V. , Danylenko Yu. I. 
Published: April 2024

Вступ. У військовослужбовців вірусні гепатити залишаються актуальними і в сучасних умовах, особливо при надзвичайних ситуаціях як природного характеру, так і під час війн, миротворчих місій.
Мета. З урахуванням збільшення кількості хворих на вірусні гепатити серед військовослужбовців, проаналізувати епідеміологічні, клініко-лабораторні особливості у хворих військовослужбовців на гострі вірусні гепатити.
Матеріали та методи. Було обстежено 33 хворих із гострим вірусним гепатитом С та 17 хворих із вірусним гепатитом В, які лікувались у клініці інфекційних захворювань НВМКЦ «ГВКГ» в період 2022-2023 рр.
Результати. Встановлено, що у військовослужбовців вірусні гепатити розвивались після мобілізації в період через 3 доби до 1895 днів. У більшості хворих інфікування гострим вірусним гепатитом С відбувалось при наданні медичної допомоги на етапах медичної евакуації. В той же час, при гострому вірусному гепатиті В шлях інфікування в більшості випадків був невідомий. Після мінно-вибухової травми, вогнепальних поранень гострий вірусний гепатит В розвивався в період від 20 до 90 діб, а гострий вірусний гепатит С - в період від 45 до 240 діб. У хворих з гострим гепатитом С більше спостерігалось легких форм, а при вірусному гепатиті В – більше середньотяжких та тяжких форм. У хворих із гострим гепатитом С більше спостерігалось безжовтяничних форм, а при вірусному гепатиті В – більше жовтяничних. Рівень загального білірубіну при жовтяничній формі ГВГС був нижче, ніж при ГВГВ. Після госпіталізації через 7-10 днів спостерігається наростання рівня білірубіну як при ГВГС, так і ГВГВ, в той же час при ГВГВ було більше коливань. На початку госпіталізації рівень АлАТ, АсАТ були вище при ГВГВ в порівнянні із ГВГС. При всіх видах ГВГ із 7-10 доби відбувалось зниження рівня АлАТ, але при ГВГВ зниження відбувалось більш поступово.
Висновки. Після мінно-вибухової травми, вогнепальних поранень в більш короткий термін у хворих розвивався вірусний гепатит В, а в більш тривалий термін - вірусний гепатит С. У деяких військовослужбовців інфікування могло відбутись ще до мобілізації. Спостереження за пораненими та обстеження на вірусні гепатити повинно здійснюватись не менше 2-х років після поранення. З урахуванням того, що гострий гепатит С може мати легкий перебіг та безжовтяничну форму, необхідно в термін спостереження активно проводити обстеження поранених на маркери вірусних гепатитів в термін після 30 діб і пізніше. У більшості хворих інфікування на вірусний гепатит С відбувалось при наданні медичної допомоги на етапах медичної евакуації, тому необхідно покращувати профілактичні заходи стосовно профілактики гепатитів на етапах евакуації. При вірусному гепатиті В шлях інфікування в більшості випадків був невідомий. Військовослужбовцям і тим, хто планує призватись до лав Збройних сил, необхідно завчасно проводити вакцинацію проти керованих інфекцій, в тому числі і проти вірусного гепатиту В.
Reflexos jurídicos do uso de tecnologias de monitoramento remoto em propriedades rurais
Authors: Ghirotto Aryala Stefani Wommer , Queiroz Renata Capriolli Zocatelli 
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo, inserido no contexto da inovação agrícola, visou explorar os reflexos jurídicos do uso das tecnologias de monitoramento remoto, especificamente o uso de drones e satélites, na administração eficiente de terras agrícolas. O objetivo central foi investigar a influência dessas tecnologias no mapeamento preciso e no monitoramento da saúde das culturas, além de avaliar sua eficácia no gerenciamento de extensas áreas rurais para a preservação de recursos naturais e conformidade com as normativas agrícolas. Outro foco foi a análise dos reflexos jurídicos de tal prática, com o propósito de aprimorar as decisões no gerenciamento agrícola. Adotou-se uma metodologia fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica. Esta abordagem permitiu uma análise aprofundada baseada em literatura existente, facilitando a obtenção de percepções relevantes sobre a aplicação e eficiência dessas tecnologias no contexto agrícola. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o uso de drones e satélites tem sido crucial na transformação da gestão agrícola. Estas tecnologias contribuem não só para a melhoria da precisão e eficiência nas práticas agrícolas, mas também promovem a sustentabilidade, reduzindo o impacto ambiental e assegurando a aderência a regulamentos. A integração dos dados coletados com inteligência artificial mostrou-se eficaz na previsão e otimização das práticas agrícolas. Dessa forma, conclui-se que tais tecnologias são fundamentais para a gestão agrícola moderna e essenciais para o avanço de uma agricultura sustentável e em equilíbrio com o meio ambiente, cabendo ao Direito disciplinar os limites, consequências e forma de armazenamento dos dados colhidos.
Non-penetrating deep sclerectomy versus combined trabeculotomy–trabeculectomy in primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Hassan Elabd Ibrahim , Elsayed Ahmed A , Fekry Elgazzar Akram , Ramadan Ezzeldin Ezzeldin , Hassanein Mohamed , Beshr Soliman Haitham , Mohammed GadElkareem Ashraf , Eltantawy Basheer , Yahia Omran Mohamed , Gaber Okasha Mohamed , Mahmoud Hatem , Madinah Alkady Ahmed Mohammed , Abd Rbu Mahmoud H , Saied Hegazy Hanan , Mansour Mona N , Tharwat Ehab 
Published: April 2024

Background: The primary mode of therapy in children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and mild or no corneal edema is goniotomy, which has a high success rate. However, in developing countries, the diagnosis of PCG is usually delayed, and corneal cloudiness interferes with goniotomy. Therefore, trabeculotomy may be the best choice in such eyes. We compared the short-term efficacy and safety of primary combined trabeculotomy–trabeculectomy (primary CTT) with that of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) in managing PCG.
Methods: This prospective, randomized, comparative study included patients with PCG referred to Al-Azhar University Hospitals within a 1-year period. Eyes were randomly allocated to one of two groups: eyes in NPDS group underwent NPDS, and those in primary CTT group underwent primary CTT. Baseline and frequent postoperative assessments of intraocular pressure (IOP), cup-to-disc ratio (C/D ratio), corneal diameter, and axial length were performed for up to 6 months. The success rates were recorded in both groups.
Results: Forty eyes of 26 patients were included, with 20 eyes allocated to each group. The mean (standard deviation) age of all patients was 12.9 (9.5) months, with comparable ages and sex ratios between groups (both P > 0.05). Both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in IOP and C/D ratio at each postoperative visit compared to the baseline visit (all P < 0.001), with no significant difference detected between the groups (all P > 0.05), except for a significantly lower IOP in NPDS group at 1 month (P < 0.05). The corneal diameter and axial length were comparable between groups at baseline and remained unchanged at all postoperative visits (all P > 0.05). The groups had comparable success rates (P > 0.05). No serious complications were detected.
Conclusions: CTT and NPDS both yielded reasonable IOP control and reversal of cupping in eyes with PCG. We observed equal effectiveness of the surgical procedures without major safety concerns. Further large-scale clinical trials with longer follow-up periods are needed to verify our preliminary findings.