bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Effective Procedure for the Preparation of 3‐Substituted 4‐ or 6‐Azaindoles from ortho‐Methylnitropyridines.
Authors: Zhu Juliang , Wong Henry , Zhang Zhongxing , Yin Zhiwei , Meanwell Nicholas A. , Kadow John F. , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Studies on Some New Acetylcinnolines and Cinnolinyl Thiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Narayana B. , Raj K. K. Vijaya , Ashalatha B. V. , Kumari N. Suchetha 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2‐Oxo‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐5‐thioxoimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines by One‐Pot Cyclization of α‐Aminocarboxylic Esters with 2‐(Isothiocyanato)benzonitrile (ITCB).
Authors: Bodtke Anja , Reinke Helmut , Michalik Dirk , Langer Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Synthesis of New Thieno[2,3‐b][1,4]thiazine Derivatives Starting from 2‐Acylamino‐3,3‐dichloroacrylonitriles.
Authors: Popil'nichenko Sergey V. , Brovarets Vladimir S. , Chernega Alexander N. , Poltorak Denis V. , Drach Boris S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl‐1,2,4‐benzotriazin‐3(2H)‐ones and 2‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐benzotriazin‐3(2H)‐ones
Authors: Lipilin D. L. , Churakov A. M. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Tartakovsky V. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Simple and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Substituted 2,6,9‐Trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]‐nona‐3,7‐dienes from Arylmalondialdehydes.
Authors: Fernandes Anthony , Marrot Jerome , Gesson Jean‐Pierre , Papot Sebastien 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of 2,2‐Dichloro(dibromo)‐2‐fluorobenzo[d]‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholes with Alk‐1‐ynes.
Authors: Varaksina Elena N. , Mironov Vladimir F. , Nemtarev Andrey V. , Musin Rashid Z. , Balandina Alsu A. , Latypov Shamil K. , Konovalov Alexander I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Indium—TMSCl Promoted Reaction of Diphenyl Diselenides and Aldehydes: Novel Routes to Selenoacetals and Alkyl Phenyl Selenides.
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Mandal Tanmay 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Photochromic 3,4‐Bis(1,2‐dimethylindol‐3‐yl)‐2,5‐dihydrothiophene.
Authors: Rybalkin V. P. , Shepelenko E. N. , Popova L. L. , Dubonosov A. D. , Metelitsa A. V. , Makarova N. I. , Bren' V. A. , Minkin V. I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclolanostane Triterpene Glycosides from Souliea vaginata.
Authors: Zhou Liang , Yang Jun‐Shan , Tu Guang‐Zhong , Zou Jian‐Hua 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diterpenoids and Aromatic Compounds from the Three New Zealand Liverworts Jamesoniella kirkii, Balantiopsis rosea, and Radula Species.
Authors: Nagashima Fumihiro , Kuba Yoshiyuki , Asakawa Yoshinori 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transformation of Carboxylic Acid Esters into 2‐Substituted Allyl Halides Through Tertiary Cyclopropyl Sulfonates. Application in the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Ipsenol and (.+‐.)‐Ipsdienol, Components of Ips typographus Spark Beetle Pheromone.
Authors: Matyushenkov E. A. , Kulinkovich O. G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combinatorial Chemistry to Grow Single Crystals and Analysis of Concentration Quenching Process: Application to Yb3+‐Doped Laser Crystals
Authors: Boulon G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Toward the Synthesis of the Antibiotic Branimycin: Novel Approaches to Highly Substituted cis‐Decalin Systems
Authors: Mulzer Johann , Castagnolo Daniele , Felzmann Wolfgang , Marchart Stefan , Pilger Christian , Enev Valentin S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvent Conformation and Ion Solvation — From Molecular to Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ishiguro Shin‐ichi , Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Fujii Kenta , Kanzaki Ryo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Hyaluronidase Supercatalyst for the Enzymatic Polymerization to Synthesize Glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Kobayashi Shiro , Ohmae Masashi , Ochiai Hirofumi , Fujikawa Shun‐ichi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nuclear factor‐κB (nf‐κB) is frequently expressed in lung cancer and preneoplastic lesions
Authors: Tang Ximing , Liu Diane , Shishodia Shishir , Ozburn Natalie , Behrens Carmen , Lee J. Jack , Hong Waun Ki , Aggarwal Bharat B. , Wistuba Ignacio I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), a key transcription factor thought to play a major role in carcinogenesis, regulates many important signaling pathways involved in tumor promotion. Although NF‐κB can be activated in lung cancer cell lines by tobacco exposure, there have been no studies of the expression of NF‐κB in lung cancer pathogenesis.METHODS.The immunohistochemical expression of NF‐κB p65 was investigated in 394 lung cancers (370 nonsmall cell lung carcinomas [NSCLC]; and 24 small cell lung carcinomas [SCLC]) and 269 lung normal epithelium and preneoplastic lesions, including hyperplasias, squamous metaplasias, dysplasias, and atypical adenomatous hyperplasias.RESULTS.High levels of nuclear immunohistochemical expression of NF‐κB p65 were detected in the lung cancers, with significantly higher levels in SCLCs compared with NSCLCs (P<.0001). In adenocarcinomas the NF‐κB p65 expression level was significantly higher in advanced TNM stages (III‐IV) than in earlier stages (I‐II) (P<.0001), and when NF‐κB p65 is dichotomized using 50% as the cutoff point (high vs low), a higher NF‐κB p65 expression level was detected in tumors having either K‐RAS (P = .02) or EGFR (P = .009) mutations compared with wildtype tumors. A relatively high level of nuclear NF‐κB p65 expression was detected in normal and mildly abnormal epithelium, and a progression with increasing histology severity was detected in preneoplastic lesions.CONCLUSIONS.NF‐κB p65 nuclear expression is an early and frequent phenomenon in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The findings indicate that NF‐κB activation plays an important role in lung cancer pathogenesis and is a suitable target for the development of new lung cancer therapies and chemoprevention strategies. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Expression of an Nkx3.1‐CRE gene using ROSA26 reporter mice
Authors: Stanfel M.N. , Moses K.A. , Carson J.A. , Zimmer D.B. , DeMayo F. , Schwartz R.J. , Zimmer W.E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe genetic locus of Nkx3.1, an early murine marker of sclerotome and prostate development, was disrupted by a knock in of CRE recombinase via homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Cell fate mapping revealed previously unidentified cell lineages expanded from Nkx3.1‐expressing cell populations and recapitulated reported Nkx3.1 expression patterns. In lineage trace experiments of E18.5 Nkx3.1‐CRE; R26R embryos novel staining was observed in areas of the lungs, portions of the duodenum, and vertebral elements of the skeleton. β‐galactosidase activity measured in Nkx3.1‐CRE; R26R and Nkx3.2‐CRE; R26R embryos was observed in overlapping regions of the sclerotome but no apparent change in Nkx3.1 expression was seen in the Nkx3.2 mutants by in situ hybridization. genesis 44:550–555, 2006 Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Ligand Substitution in Some Chromium(III) Tetraaza Macrocyclic Complexes in Acidic Media: Differences in Reactivity Between cis and trans Isomers
Authors: Madej Edyta , Katafias Anna , Kita Przemysław , Eriksen Jette , Mønsted Ole 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThiocyanate anation of the macrocyclic complexes cis‐[Cr(cycb)(OH2)2]3+ and trans‐[Cr(cyca)(OH2)2]3+ (cycb and cyca are rac‐ and meso‐5,5,7,12,12,14‐hexamethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane, respectively), and mercury(II)‐induced aquation of the product thiocyanato‐N complexes, has been studied in acidic solution. The rate retardation with an increase of the acid concentration for both types of reactions follows the rate expression kobs = (k1 + k2Ka/[H+(aq)])/(1 + Ka/[H+(aq)]), corresponding to parallel reaction paths through aqua and hydroxo complexes. Some general trends in the differences in reactivity between the two geometrical isomers have been observed and are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Measuring the length of hydrodynamically injected plugs in capillary electrophoresis using the electrical current monitoring
Authors: Erny Guillaume L. , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough CE is nowadays a worldwide separation technique, it is generally recognized that one of its main limitations is its poor robustness for quantitative analysis. Although this limitation can partially be surpassed using internal standards (ISs), it is well known that to find adequate standards is a very difficult task when too complex mixtures have to be analyzed. In this work, an alternative method to improve quantitation by CE is presented using the electrical current profile monitored during any CE run. Thus, an abrupt step in the current monitoring is observed when a hydrodynamically injected plug of conductivity different from the BGE leaves the capillary under the influence of the EOF. It is demonstrated that under these conditions, the relative amplitude of this step can be used to measure experimentally the injection length. This measure can not only be used for calibration, but also to correct variations of the length injected which is demonstrated to improve significantly the quantitative accuracy and reproducibility of CE. Thus, RSD values for interday quantification (five experiments a day for 5 days) were improved from 10.5 to 4.2%. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that accuracy of quantitative determinations by CE can greatly be improved by using this procedure. The method can also be implemented in other separation techniques where the EOF is used as driving force (e.g., CEC, MEKC or chip‐based separations). Advantages and limitations of this approach in comparison to the use of ISs are also discussed.
(S)‐Ibuprofen‐imprinted polymers incorporating γ‐methacryloxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane for CEC separation of ibuprofen enantiomers
Authors: Deng Qi‐Liang , Lun Zhi‐Hong , Gao Ru‐Yu , Zhang Li‐Hua , Zhang Wei‐Bing , Zhang Yu‐Kui 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this report, a novel preparation method of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for CEC was developed. Molecularly imprinted monolithic columns for (S)‐ibuprofen were prepared and evaluated, in which charged entities responsible for establishing EOF have been derived from γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ‐MAPS), which was hydrolyzed following copolymerization with 4‐vinylpyridine (4‐VPY) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA). The EOF and molecular recognition of the stationary phase were investigated in aqueous and nonaqueous media, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the material showed a reasonably stable EOF and the prepared separation materials were capable of separating racemic ibuprofen, a task that could not be accomplished by MIPs prepared in parallel, using methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer. The efficiency at pH 3.2 for the first‐eluted enantiomer and the last‐eluted enantiomer (the imprinted analyte) were 128 700 and 2100 plates/m, respectively.
Electrokinetic chromatographic characterization of novel pseudo‐phases based on N‐alkyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium ionic liquid type surfactants
Authors: Schnee Vincent P. , Baker Gary A. , Rauk Erika , Palmer Christopher P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMEKC and linear solvation free energy relationships (LSFERs) have been used to characterize the solute distribution between water and self‐assemblies formed from ionic liquid type mono‐chain cationic surfactants containing a cyclic pyrrolidinium head group. Several features of the solvation environment afforded by these micellar solutions were found to be quite different from that of CTAB, a structurally analogous cationic surfactant with a conventional, acyclic quaternary ammonium head group. None of the LSFER coefficients were found to vary in any systematic way with increasing alkyl chain length for these unique surfactants. Overall, however, these surfactants display different behavior than do all known cationic detergents such as CTAB. In chemical terms, pseudo‐phases formed by these N‐alkyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bromides interact more strongly with polar compounds and less strongly with compounds having nonbonding or π‐electrons and are more cohesive compared to the well‐studied CTAB.
CE to monitor endotoxins by protein complexation
Authors: Kilár Anikó , Kocsis Béla , Kustos Ildikó , Kilár Ferenc , Hjertén Stellan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new CE method for fast and efficient analysis of bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) is described. It is based on the strong interaction between proteins and endotoxins. The UV absorption of the protein component in the complex is used for the detection. The electrophoretic mobility of the complex hemoglobin/endotoxin can be employed for qualitative analysis of the endotoxin. For instance, the structural differences between “smooth” and “rough” lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella minnesota (wild‐type), Salmonella minnesota R595 and Shigella sonnei R562H are reflected in the electrophoretic mobilities of their hemoglobin complex.
Estimation of strength reduction factors via normalized pseudo‐acceleration response spectrum
Authors: Karmakar Debasis , Gupta Vinay K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEstimation of design forces in ductility‐based earthquake‐resistant design continues to be carried out with the application of response modification factors on elastic design spectra, and it remains interesting to explore how best to estimate strength reduction factors (SRFs) for a design situation. This paper considers the relatively less explored alternative of modelling SRF spectrum via a given response spectrum. A new model is proposed to estimate the SRF spectrum in terms of a pseudo‐spectral acceleration (PSA) spectrum and ductility demand ratio with the help of two coefficients. The proposed model is illustrated for an elasto‐plastic oscillator, in case of 10 recorded accelerograms and three ductility ratios. The proposed model is convenient and is able to predict SRF spectrum reasonably well, particularly at periods up to 1.0 s. Coefficients of the proposed model may also be determined in case of a given design spectrum when there is uncertainty in SRF spectrum due to uncertainty in temporal characteristics of the ground motion. This is illustrated with the help of 474 accelerograms recorded in western U.S.A. and different scaled PSA spectra. It is shown that probabilistic estimates may be obtained in this situation for SRF spectrum by assuming the error residuals to be log normally distributed with period‐dependent parameters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a three‐dimensional finite element model of a human mandible containing endosseous dental implants. I. Mathematical validation and experimental verification
Authors: Al‐Sukhun Jehad , Kelleway John , Helenius Miia 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to mathematically validate and clinically verify a finite element model (FEM) of the human mandible and to compare the functional deformation predicted by the model with that detected clinically. Mandibular surface strain, using 11 single strain gauges, and medial convergence (MC), using a custom‐fabricated linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), were recorded in a dried human jaw. The mandible was treated with two endosseous implants, placed bilaterally in the premolar area, and mounted in a rig that simulated natural function of the jaw. Measurements were made in real time using a multichannel analogue/digital converter and a personal computer for data storage and analysis. A FEM of the mandible was constructed, using commercially available finite element software, based on CT scan images of the jaw. MC was predicted as the linear change in the orientation of the two implants in the horizontal plane. Predicted and measured values of MC ranged between 60 and 109 μm. The differences between the measured and predicted strain magnitudes were expressed as absolute percentages of the measured values and ranged between 3 and 18%. The limits of agreement between the predicted and measured strain values, as suggested by Bland and Altman (Lancet 1986; 1:307–310), were small enough for the predictions from the FEM to be considered clinically acceptable. The good agreement between the predicted and measured strain values indicates the accuracy of the present FEM. Finite element analysis is a powerful technique that provides a better insight into understanding the complex phenomena of mandibular functional deformation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Variability in RF‐induced heating of a deep brain stimulation implant across MR systems
Authors: Baker Kenneth B. , Tkach Jean A. , Phillips Micheal D. , Rezai Ali R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurposeTo compare the MRI‐related heating per unit of specific absorption rate (SAR) profile of a conductive implant between two 1.5‐Tesla/64 MHz MR systems using a transmit/receive (t/r) head coil configuration.Materials and MethodsDeep brain stimulation (DBS) leads were configured within a gel‐filled phantom of the human head and torso. Temperature variation at each of four contacts of the bilaterally‐placed leads was monitored using fluoroptic thermometry. MRI was performed using the t/r head coils of two different‐generation 1.5‐Tesla MR systems from the same manufacturer. Temperature changes were normalized to SAR values for the head (ΔT/SAR‐H), and the slope of this ΔT/SAR‐H by time relationship was compared between the two scanners.ResultsThe ΔT/SAR‐H for the implant ranged from 3.5 to 5.5 times higher on one MR system as compared to the other (P < 0.01) depending on the measurement site.ConclusionThe findings support previous observations that console‐reported SAR does not constitute a reliable index of heating for elongated, conductive implants, such as the DBS hardware system tested. In contrast to our previous findings using a t/r body coil, the data presented here reveal marked differences between two MR systems using t/r head coils (the coil configuration was consistent with the implant manufacturer's imaging guidelines). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telomerase and neuronal marker status of differentiated NT2 and SK‐N‐SH human neuronal cells and primary human neurons
Authors: Jain Pooja , Cerone Maria A. , LeBlanc Andréa C. , Autexier Chantal 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUpon treatment with retinoic acid, NTera‐2 (NT2) human teratocarcinoma and SK‐N‐SH neuroblastoma cells can be induced to terminally differentiate into postmitotic neuronal cells. The neuronal cell yield obtained from the NT‐2 cells is partially dependent on the time of differentiation (24–55 days). SK‐N‐SH cells differentiate into a mixed population of neuronal and epithelium‐like cells. Here we report modified protocols that increase the number of differentiated NT‐2 and SK‐N‐SH cells and that establish an enriched neuronal SK‐N‐SH‐derived cell population essentially devoid of nonneuronal cells. Differentiated cells express the cytoskeleton‐associated protein tau and other typical neuronal markers, such as Map2, Ngn1, NeuroD, Mash1, and GluR which are also expressed in primary human fetal neurons. Telomerase activity is down‐regulated in differentiated cells, which is consistent with the telomerase status of primary fetal human neurons. Thus, differentiated NT2 and SK‐N‐SH cells may represent an excellent source for studies investigating the role of telomerase or other survival‐promoting activities in protecting human neuronal cells from cell death‐mediating stresses associated with neurodegenerative diseases. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of chemical and sensory methods of evaluating thermally oxidised groundnut oil
Authors: Odumosu Olutosin T. , Sinha Janet , Hudson Bertram J. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeven chemical methods, namely peroxide value (PV), totox value (TV), anisidine value (AV), conjugable oxidation products (COP), oxodiene value (OV), induction period (IP), iodine value (IV) and a sensory analytical procedure (flavour score, FS) have been used in evaluating the oxidation state of groundnut oil heated at 100°C for varying lengths of time up to 20 h. As oxidation progressed, PV, TV, AV, COP and OV increased. IP and IV decreased with oxidation while FS showed a progressive deterioration on a seven‐point scale from bland to very rancid. On the basis of sensitivity to oxidative changes, five of the methods (PV, TV, IP, IV and FS) were found to be satisfactory. However, the best correlation with flavour scores were obtained in the case of IP, IV and OV while AV and COP correlated poorly with FS. Three methods (PV, IP and IV) best satisfied the combined criteria of sensitivity to oxidative changes and correlation with flavour.