bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of subanesthetic doses of ketamine on hemodynamic and immunologic variables in dogs with experimentally induced endotoxemia
Authors: DeClue Amy E. , Cohn Leah A. , Lechner Elizabeth S. , Bryan Margaret E. , Dodam John R. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of ketamine hydrochloride on hemodynamic and immunologic alterations associated with experimentally induced endotoxemia in dogs.
Animals—9 mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—In a crossover study, dogs were randomly allocated to receive ketamine (0.5 mg/kg, IV, followed by IV infusion at a rate of 0.12 mg/kg/h for 2.5 hours) or control solution (saline [0.9% NaCl] solution, 0.25 mL, IV, followed by IV infusion at a rate of 0.5 mL/h for 2.5 hours). Onset of infusion was time 0. At 30 minutes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/kg, IV) was administered. Heart rate (HR), systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α activity, and a CBC were evaluated.
Results—Mean SAP was significantly reduced in dogs administered ketamine or saline solution at 2 and 2.5 hours, compared with values at time 0. However, there was no significant difference between treatments. At 1, 2, and 2.5 hours, dogs administered ketamine had a significantly lower HR than dogs administered saline solution. Although plasma TNF-α activity significantly increased, compared with values at time 0 for both groups, ketamine-treated dogs had significantly lower peak plasma TNF-α activity 1.5 hours after LPS administration. All dogs had significant leukopenia and neutropenia after LPS administration, with no differences detected between ketamine and saline solution treatments.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine had immunomodulating effects in dogs with experimentally induced endotoxemia (namely, blunting of plasma TNF-α activity). However, it had little effect on hemodynamic stability and no effect on WBC counts.
Use of epidemiologic risk modeling to evaluate control of foot-and-mouth disease in southern Thailand
Authors: Wongsathapornchai Kachen , Salman M. D. , Edwards John R. , Morley Paul S. , Keefe Thomas J. , Campen Hana Van , Weber Steve , Premashthira Sith 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To assess the impacts of the introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and various FMD control programs in southern Thailand.
Animals—A native population of 562,910 cattle and 33,088 buffalo as well as 89,294 animals legally transported into southern Thailand.
Procedures—A quantitative risk assessment was used to ascertain the probability of FMD introduction, and an intrinsic dynamic model was used to assess impacts. Value for the transmission rate (β) was estimated. Five scenarios created to assess the impacts of nonstructural protein (NSP) testing, mass vaccination, and culling were examined. Impacts were assessed through an examination of the estimated annual cumulative incidence (ACI) of FMD. The ACIs of various scenarios were compared by use of the Tukey Studentized range technique.
Results—β was estimated at 0.115. Approximately 35,000 cases of FMD would be expected from the baseline situation. A 30% reduction of ACI was detected with the introduction of NSP antibody testing. Prophylactic vaccination resulted in an 85% reduction of ACI. Concurrent use of NSP antibody testing and vaccination reduced the ACI by 96%, and the addition of an eradication policy resulted in a slightly greater decrease in the ACI (98%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The study used epidemiologic models to investigate FMD control interventions. Results suggested that vaccination has more impact than the use of NSP testing. Use of the NSP test reduced ACI during peak seasons, whereas vaccination diminished the underlying incidence. The best mitigation plan was an integrated and strategic use of multiple control techniques.
Assessment of the likelihood of the introduction of foot-and-mouth disease through importation of live animals into the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar peninsula
Authors: Wongsathapornchai Kachen , Salman M. D. , Edwards John R. , Morley Paul S. , Keefe Thomas J. , Campen Hana Van , Weber Steve 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To assess the likelihood of an introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) into the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar (MTM) peninsula through terrestrial movement of livestock.
Animals—89,294 cattle and buffalo legally moved into the MTM peninsula.
Procedures—A quantitative risk assessment was conducted by use of a stochastic simulation. Patterns of livestock movement were ascertained through review of relevant governmental records and regulations and by interviewing farmers, traders, and local officers when the records did not exist. Parameters identified in the process were the probabilities of livestock having FMD and of FMD infection going undetected during import processes. The probability of an animal accepted for import having FMD was also assessed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effects that each parameter had on the model.
Results—The simulation yielded an average consignment prevalence of 10.95%. Typically, each animal in a quarantine facility had a 2.7% chance of having an inapparent form of FMD infection; hence, it was likely an animal would not be identified as infected. Findings revealed that the mean probability of an animal accepted for import having FMD was 2.9%, and the risk was as high as 11%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the model allowed for the evaluation of movement regulations currently imposed in the MTM peninsula. Evidence from the study suggested that current practices in animal movement were far from efficient in preventing introduction of FMD-infected animals into the MTM region, and additional measures will be necessary.
Effects of the topically applied calcium-channel blocker flunarizine on intraocular pressure in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Greller Andrew L. , Hoffman Allison R. , Liu Chengcheng , Ying Gui-shuang , Vudathala Daljit K. , Acland Gregory M. , Komáromy András M. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of the topically applied calcium-channel blocker flunarizine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in clinically normal dogs.
Animals—20 dogs.
Procedures—Baseline diurnal IOPs were determined by use of a rebound tonometer on 2 consecutive days. Subsequently, 1 randomly chosen eye of each dog was treated topically twice daily for 5 days with 0.5% flunarizine. During this treatment period, diurnal IOPs were measured. In addition, pupillary diameter and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were evaluated. Serum flunarizine concentrations were measured on treatment day 5. Intraday fluctuation of IOP was analyzed by use of an ANOVA for repeated measures and a trend test. Changes in IOP from baseline values were assessed and compared with IOPs for the days of treatment. Values were also compared between treated and untreated eyes.
Results—A significant intraday fluctuation in baseline IOP was detected, which was highest in the morning (mean ± SE, 15.8 ± 0.63 mm Hg) and lowest at night (12.9 ± 0.61 mm Hg). After 2 days of treatment, there was a significant decrease in IOP from baseline values in treated (0.93 ± 0.35 mm Hg) and untreated (0.95 ± 0.34 mm Hg) eyes. There was no significant treatment effect on pupillary diameter or MAP. Flunarizine was detected in serum samples of all dogs (mean ± SD, 3.89 ± 6.36 μg/L).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Topically applied flunarizine decreased IOP in dogs after 2 days of twice-daily application. This calcium-channel blocker could be effective in the treatment of dogs with glaucoma.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the iridocorneal angle of the eye before and after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in dogs
Authors: Rose Michelle D. , Mattoon John S. , Gemensky-Metzler Ann J. , Wilkie David A. , Rajala-Schultz Päivi J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To compare the iridocorneal angle (ICA) and angle opening distance (AOD) in dogs with cataractous and noncataractous lenses; evaluate cataractous eyes ultrasono-graphically for association of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) with the ICA, AOD, and postoperative echogenic anterior chamber debris; and evaluate intraobserver reliability associated with ICA and AOD measurements.
Animals—56 dogs with 102 cataracts, and 23 clinically normal dogs.
Procedures—Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed on 102 eyes of 56 dogs before and after cataract surgery and on 46 nondilated and dilated eyes of 23 clinically normal dogs. Cataract stage, ICA, AOD, and association with POH were assessed.
Results—Cataract stage and ICA or AOD were not significantly associated; however, ICA and AOD typically decreased with increasing cataract maturity. Before and after pupillary dilation, AODs were significantly smaller in cataractous eyes than in noncataractous eyes. Before surgery, ICA and AOD in eyes without pupillary dilation were significantly associated with POH. At > 13°, odds of developing POH increased by 11% for each degree increase in the ICA. Postoperative anterior chamber debris was not associated with POH. Coefficient of variation for repeated measurements was 10% for the ICA and 9.5% for the AOD, suggesting good intraobserver reliability.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this study, dogs with larger ICA and AOD measurements before surgery were at greater risk of developing POH. This information may be useful for future studies to determine whether preventative treatment for POH administered prior to surgery may be beneficial.
Prevalences of various hemoplasma species among cats in the United States with possible hemoplasmosis
Authors: Sykes Jane E. , Terry Jeralyn C. , Lindsay LeAnn L. , Owens Sean D. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine prevalences of various hemoplasma species among cats in the United States with possible hemoplasmosis and identify risk factors for and clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with infection with each species.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—310 cats with cytologic evidence of hemoplasmosis (n = 9) or acute or regenerative anemia (309).
Procedures—Blood samples were tested by means of a broad-spectrum conventional PCR assay for hemoplasma DNA and by means of 3 separate species-specific real-time PCR assays for DNA from “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” (Mhm), Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), and “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” (Mtc).
Results—Overall prevalences of Mhm, Mhf, and Mtc infection were 23.2% (72/310), 4.8% (15/310), and 6.5% (20/310), respectively. Mixed infections were detected in 20 (6.5%) cats. Cats infected with hemoplasmas were more likely to be male than were uninfected cats. Infection with FeLV or FIV was significantly associated with infection with Mhf. Compared with uninfected cats, cats infected with Mhf had higher reticulocyte counts, nucleated RBC counts, and mean corpuscular volume; cats infected with Mhm had higher mean corpuscular volume; and cats infected with Mtc had higher monocyte counts.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results supported the suggestion that these 3 hemoplasma species commonly occur among cats in the United States and that pathogenicity of the 3 species varies.
Evaluation of surgically placed gastrojejunostomy feeding tubes in critically ill dogs
Authors: Cavanaugh Ryan P. , Kovak Janet R. , Fischetti Anthony J. , Barton Linda J. , Bergman Philip 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate complications and outcomes associated with surgical placement of gastrojejunostomy feeding tubes in dogs with naturally occurring disease.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—26 dogs.
Procedures—Multiple preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were evaluated. Daily postoperative abdominal radiographic examinations were performed to determine the presence of the following mechanical tube complications: kinking, coiling, knotting, and migration. Tube stoma abnormalities (erythema, cellulitis, and discharge) were observed daily and recorded by use of a standardized visual analog grading scale. Additionally, presence of complications was compared with median survival times.
Results—The most common indication for gastrojejunostomy tube placement was gastrointestinal disease (n = 11), with confirmed septic peritonitis in 8 of 11 dogs. Other indications for gastrojejunostomy tube placement included extrahepatic biliary surgery (n = 6) and pancreatic disease (9). Mean ± SD surgical time required for tube placement was 26 ± 14 minutes. Overall, mechanical tube complication rate was 46% (12/26), including coiling (7), migration (4), and kinking (2). Overall minor tube stoma complication rate was 77% (20/26) and included erythema (16), cellulitis (13), and discharge (17). Dislodgement or self-induced tube trauma resulted in accidental tube removal in 2 of 26 dogs, and inadvertent tube damage necessitated premature removal by the clinician in 1 of 26 dogs. Kaplan-Meier median survival time was 39 days with 13 of 26 dogs still alive.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Gastrojejunostomy tube placement affords flexibility in the postoperative nutritional regimen by allowing for postgastric feeding with simultaneous access to the stomach.
Administration of doxycycline in drinking water for treatment of spiral bacterial infection in cockatiels
Authors: Evans Erika E. , Wade Laura L. , Flammer Keven 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine efficacy of providing drinking water medicated with doxycycline for treatment of spiral bacterial infection in cockatiels.
Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Animals—18 cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) naturally infected with spiral bacteria.
Procedures—Spiral bacterial infection was diagnosed by means of cytologic examination of swab specimens from the choana and oropharynx. Eleven birds (treatment group) were given drinking water to which doxycycline hyclate had been added at a concentration of 400 mg/L for 30 days; the remaining 7 birds (control group) were given unmedicated water. After completion of the study, 6 control birds were treated with drinking water medicated with doxycycline for 21 days.
Results—Daily mean plasma doxycycline concentration for birds in the treatment group ranged from 2.26 to 2.86 Mg/mL (overall range, 0.83 to 4.34 Mg/mL). All treated birds were negative for spiral bacteria after treatment for 21 days and remained negative when examined 160 days after treatment ended. Control birds remained positive for spiral bacteria. Control birds treated with doxycycline after completion of the study were negative for spiral bacteria after treatment for 21 days and 30 days after treatment ended. No clinically important adverse effects were associated with treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that providing drinking water to which doxycycline had been added at a concentration of 400 mg/L was effective in eliminating spiral bacterial infections in cockatiels.
Effect of preoperative administration of erythromycin or ﬂunixin meglumine on postoperative abomasal emptying rate in dairy cows undergoing surgical correction of left displacement of the abomasum
Authors: Wittek Thomas , Tischer Katja , Gieseler Tobias , Fürll Manfred , Constable Peter D. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether preoperative administration of erythromycin or flunixin meglumine altered postoperative abomasal emptying rate, rumen contraction rate, or milk production in dairy cattle undergoing surgical correction of left displacement of the abomasum (LDA).
Design—Nonrandomized, controlled clinical trial.
Animals—45 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows with LDA.
Procedures—Cows were alternately assigned to an erythromycin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], IM), flunixin (2.2 mg/kg [1.0 mg/lb], IV), or control group (n = 15/group). Treatments were administered once 1 hour before surgical correction of LDA. D-Xylose solution (50%; 0.5 g/kg [0.23 g/lb]) was injected into the abomasal lumen during surgery, and venous blood samples were periodically obtained to determine time to maximum serum D-xylose concentration.
Results—Abomasal emptying rate was significantly faster in cows treated with erythromycin (mean ± SD time to maximum serum D-xylose concentration, 149 ± 48 minutes) than in control cows (277 ± 95 minutes) but was not significantly different between cows treated with flunixin (230 ± 49 minutes) and control cows. Cows treated with erythromycin had significantly greater milk production, relative to production before surgery, on postoperative days 1 and 2 than did control cows. Cows in the erythromycin and flunixin groups had a significantly higher rumen contraction rate on the first postoperative day than did control cows.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that preoperative administration of a single dose of erythromycin increased abomasal emptying rate, rumen contraction rate, and milk production in the immediate postoperative period in cows undergoing surgical correction of LDA.
Prevalence and Predictors of Need for Seating Intervention and Mobility for Persons in Long-Term Care
Authors: Bourbonniere Melissa C. , Fawcett Laura M. , Miller William C. , Garden Jennifer , Mortenson William B. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to (a) determine the prevalence of need for wheel-chair seating intervention in two long-term care facilities in Vancouver, BC, (b) determine the extent of the residents' independent mobility within these facilities, and (c) explore the relationship between proper wheel-chair seating and positioning and independent mobility. The study population comprised 99 wheel-chair-using older adults. Four trained raters assessed need for seating intervention, using the Seating Identification Tool, and quantified extent and frequency of wheel-chair mobility, using the Nursing Home Life-Space Diameter. Results indicated that (a) there was a low need (overall 22%) for wheel-chair seating intervention in the two facilities, (b) half of the residents were independently mobile in their own rooms and on their units, but independent mobility decreased when greater distances needed to be travelled, and (c) the need for wheel-chair seating intervention was the only significant predictor of extent of independent mobility. These findings suggest that, where there are dedicated staff and equipment resources, the need for wheel-chair seating intervention can be minimized and independent mobility for long-term care residents maximized.
Indicators of Home Care Use in Urban and Rural Settings
Authors: Mitchell Lori A. , Strain Laurel A. , Blandford Audrey A. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTThis study employs a longitudinal design to examine rural–urban differences in home care service use over time, drawing on data from the Manitoba Study of Health and Aging (MSHA). Characteristics of community-dwelling, cognitively intact adults aged 65 years or older not receiving home care services in the province of Manitoba (n = 855) were collected in 1991/1992. Place of residence was categorized as urban/small-town zone or predominantly rural area. A 5-year follow-up determined subsequent home care use. Urban residents were more likely to receive home care than those in small-town zones or predominantly rural areas. Characteristics associated with use differed according to place of residence, with the exception of baseline physical functioning and changes in physical functioning that consistently emerged as significant. Directions for future research are discussed.
Réjean Hébert, André Tourigny, and Maxime Gagnon (Eds.). Integrated Service Delivery to Ensure Persons' Functional Autonomy. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC: Edisem, 2005.
Authors: Dubois Carl-Ardy 
Published: February 2008

RÉSUMÉCet ouvrage porte sur PRISMA, un programme de recherche sur l'intégration des services de maintien de l'autonomie. S'appuyant sur un partenariat entre chercheurs, gestionnaires et cliniciens, PRISMA a permis de développer, d'implanter et d'évaluer un modèle organisationnel original visant à assurer l'intégration des soins aux personnes âgées en perte d'autonomie. Les mécanismes et outils inhérents au programme incluent, entre autres, une porte d'entrée unique, un processus de gestion par cas; un plan de service individualisé et un ensemble de mécanismes de gouvernance. En plus de fournir une gamme d'options pour renforcer l'intégration, cet ouvrage illustre comment une action concertée entre chercheurs et praticiens peut faciliter des changements organisationnels.
Boost Gamma Knife surgery during multimodality management of adult medulloblastoma
Authors: Germanwala Anand V. , Mai Jeffrey C. , Tomycz Nestor D. , Niranjan Ajay , Flickinger John C. , Kondziolka Douglas , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: February 2008

Object
The aim of this paper was to determine prognostic factors for adult medulloblastoma treated with boost Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) following resection and craniospinal irradiation.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 12 adult patients with histologically proven medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor who between February 1991 and December 2004 underwent ≥ 1 sessions of GKS for posttreatment residual or recurrent tumors (6 tumors in each group). Before GKS, all patients had undergone a maximal feasible resection followed by craniospinal irradiation. Nine patients also received systemic chemotherapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery was applied to residual and recurrent posterior fossa tumor as well as to foci of intracranial medulloblastoma metastases. The median time interval from initial diagnosis and resection to the first GKS treatment was 24 months (range 2–37 months). The mean GKS-treated tumor volume was 9.4 cm3 (range 0.5–39 cm3).

Results
Following adjunctive radiosurgery, 5 patients had no evidence of tumor on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, 3 patients had stable tumor burden on MR imaging, and 4 patients had evidence of tumor progression locally with or without intracranial metastases. All patients with tumor progression died. Eight patients survive with a mean cumulative follow-up of 72.4 months (range 21– 152 months). No acute radiation toxicity or delayed radiation necrosis was observed among any of the 12 patients. The majority of patients who achieved tumor eradication (80%) and tumor stabilization (67%) after GKS had residual tumor as the reason for their referral for GKS. The best outcomes were attained in patients with residual disease who were younger, had smaller tumor volumes, had no evidence of metastatic disease, and had received higher cumulative GKS doses.

Conclusions
Single or multiple GKS sessions were a well-tolerated, feasible, and effective adjunctive treatment for posterior fossa residual or recurrent medulloblastoma as well as intracranial metastatic medulloblastoma in adult patients.