bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: CONTINUING THE TOPOGRAPHER'S TRADITION?
Authors: Dallas R. W. A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract The President's Medallist directs the Survey Services Branch of the Technical Services Group of English Heritage. This Branch includes the Photogrammetric Unit which was first established at the Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies of the University of York in 1975, with support from English Heritage's predecessor organisation. The Unit has played a leading part in the development of architectural photogrammetry in the UK, with particular reference to the recording of ancient monuments and historic buildings. The writer discusses some aspects of the application of photogrammetry in this area, illustrating the modern photogrammetric product in comparison with 18th and 19th century pictures and prints from his own collection. Résumé C'est le titulaire de la Médaile du Président de notre Société qui dirige le Département de Levés du groupe des services techniques du Patrimoine anglais. Ce Département comprend ľUnité de Photogrammétrie qui était installée initialiement àľInstitut des Études Architecturales Avancées ďYork en 1975, avec le soutien de ľorganisme qui précédait le Patrimoine anglais. Cette Unité a joué un rôle prépondérant dans le développement de la photogrammétrie architecturale au Royaume‐Uni, et une mention particulière est à faire en ce qui concerne ľarchivage des constructions anciennes et des monuments historiques. Ľauteur discute de quelques aspects des applications de la photogrammétrie dans ce domaine, illustrant le produit photogrammétrique moderne par comparaison avec des tableaux et des gravures des 18èmeet 19ème siècles issus de sa collection personelle. Zusammenfassung Der Träger der Präsidenten‐Medaille leitet die Vermessungsabteilung innerhalb des Technischen Dienstes von English Heritage. Diese Abteilung schlieβt die Photogrammetrie‐Einheit mit ein, die zunächst im Jahre 1975 im Institut für Moderne Architektur an der Universitat York mit unterstüt‐zung der Vorgängerorganisation von English Heritage aufgebaut wurde. Diese Einheit hat eine führende Rolle bei der Entwicklung der Architektur‐photogrammetrie im Vereinigten Königreich gespielt, wobei besonders altehrwürdige Denkmäler und historische Bauwerke aufgenommen wurden. Der Schreiber diskutiert einige Aspekte der Anwendung der Photogrammetrie aufdiesem Gebiet und illustriert das moderne photogrammetrische Erzeugnis im Vergleich mit Bildern und Kopien aus dem 18. und 19. Jahrhundert, die der eigenen Sammlung entstammen.
FIRST RESULTS ON ORIENTING SIMULATED ALONG‐TRACK SATELLITE STEREOSCOPIC IMAGERY
Authors: Neto F. A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract The main advantages of along‐track versus across‐track stereoscopic imagery, for which SPOT is the main example, are presented and the orbital model for the orientation of along‐track satellite stereoscopic imagery under development at University College London (UCL) is briefly described. This model was mainly directed towards future sensors, such as ASTER, OMI and OPS, for which tests on simulated data were carried out. The expected precision of modelling along‐track stereoscopic imagery is analysed and further developments are considered. Résumé Ľauteur compare les avantages essentiels de la stéréoscopie longitudinale à ceux de la stéréoscopie latérale dont SPOT constitue le principal exemple en imagerie spatiale. Elle décrit brièvement la modèle orbital en cours de développement àľUniversity College London (UCL) pour ľorientation des images stéréoscopiques en recouvrement longitudinal, le long de la trace du satellite. Ce modèle est essentiellement destiné aux capteurs futurs tels que ASTER, OMI et OPS, pour lesquels on a effectué des essais sur données simulées. On examine la précision de cette modélisation relative aux images en stéréoscopie longitudinale et ľon apporte quelques réflexions sur des développements ultérieurs. Zusammenfassung Präsentiert werden die gröβten Vorteile “along‐track” stereoskopischer Aufnahmen gegenüber “across‐track” Aufnahmen. SPOT ist dafür ein Hauptbeispiel. Das Umlaufbahnmodell für die Orientierung der “along‐track” stereoskopischen Aufnahmen das gegenwärtig im University College London entwickelt wird, wird kurz beschrieben. Dieses Modell wurde hauptsächlich auf künftige Sensoren, wie ASTER, OMI und OPS ausgerichtet, die entweder getestet wurden, oder für die Simulationsdaten vorliegen. Die erwartete Genauigkeit der Messung “along‐track” stereoskopischer Aufnahmen wird analysiert und weitere Entwicklungen werden in Erwägung gezogen.
THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOCIETY ANALOGUE INSTRUMENT PROJECT
Authors: Burnside C. D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn 1989, the Council of the Photogrammetric Society decided that some record of the use of analogue photogrammetric equipment in Great Britain should be preserved before it was too late. The author agreed to investigate this matter as a research project funded by a number of survey organisations. Work on the project so far has resulted in the completion of two documents. The first is a Catalogue of Analogue Instruments that list some 230 instruments of 30 different types. The second is an Archive that gives further details of the history and use of the 30 different types of instrument. The entry included in his paper, by way of example, is that concerned with the Zeiss Stereoplanigraph.Readers are encouraged to provide corrections and additional information wherever possible.
FEATURE EXTRACTION IN DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Förstner W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFeature extraction is the first and crucial step of all image analysis procedures. Together with their mutual relations, features form perceptual structures on which hypothesis generation and reconstruction processes are built. The article gives a framework for feature extraction within an interpretation system, discusses a possible object and image model useful for building up perceptual structures and gives examples for the use of various features for standard photogrammetric tasks.RésuméĽextraction automatique de silhouettes est la première étape fondamentale dans tout procédéďanalyse ďimages.Ces silhouettes constituent, en même temps que leurs relations mutuelles, des structures identifiables à partir desquelles on peut établir des hypothèses et procéder à la re constitution. On donne dans cet article un cadre général pour ľextraction de silhouettes dans un système ďinterprétation et ľon y discute ďune modélisation possible de ľimage et de ľobjet pour obtenir des structures identifiables. On fournit enfin des exemples sur ľemploi de diverses silhouettes d̄objets dans les travaux photogrammétriques courants.ZusammenfassungDie Kantenextraktion stellt den I. wesentlichen Schritt aller Bild‐analyseverfahren dar. Gemeinsam mit ihren wechselseitigen Beziehungen bilden die Kanten wahrnehmbare Strukturen, auf denen Hypothesen und Rekonstruktionsprozesse aufgebaut werden können. Im Artikel werden ein Grundgerüst z.ur Kantenextraktion angegeben, mögliche Objekt‐ und Bild‐modelle zur Entwicklung von Wahrnehmungsstrukturen diskutiert und Beispiele zur Nutzung verschiedener Kanten für photogrammetrische Standardaufgaben angegeben.
DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE FOR PREDICTING ACCURACIES OF MULTISTATION NETWORKS
Authors: Bammeke A. A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the derivation of new mathematical formulae for predicting global estimates of accuracies of object point co‐ordinates in multistation networks. The formulae are tested with data from real cases that have been reported in the literature and the optimum configuration of convergent photography in multistation networks is discussed.
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PHOTO‐RADIATION METHOD OF TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Collins B. J. , Madge B. , Beckett C. M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe photo‐radiation method of terrestrial photogrammetry was introduced in 1981 as an appropriate means of rapidly surveying large areas of open ground, primarily beaches. Since that time, several variations on the standard method have been tested. These have arisen from attempting to solve problems associated with particular situations. For instance, the use of the waterline as a means of contouring developed from a problem where a dangerous river bank was inaccessible for traditional survey observations. Another application concerned laboratory testing where photogrammetry is particularly attractive for measurement due to the coverage which is possible, together with the advantage that permanent records remain on film for later re‐analysis. Both these variations in the photo‐radiation method are described, together with an indication of the circumstances under which they have been successfully applied.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI‐APPLICATION COLLINEARITY EQUATIONS MODEL
Authors: El‐Beik A. H. A. , Masaad E. M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEarlier mathematical models that have been developed for use with data acquisition/data reduction systems in close range photogrammetry have not taken into consideration the geometry of video imagery. In this paper, a recently developed multi‐application collinearity equation (MACE) model is analysed and assessed. The model is simple to apply and is adaptable to any data acquisition/data reduction system in close range photogrammetry.
THE USE OF A LOW COST GPS RECEIVER FOR BLOCK AERIAL VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Ekin W. H. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract An investigation has been made into the feasibility of using a low cost GPS receiver fitted to a light fixed wing aircraft as an aid to flying parallel flight lines for block aerial vertical photography. Two cases were examined: (I) the pilot controlled the heading of the aircraft according to the indications on the course deviation indicator of the GPS receiver; (2) the autopilot, being connected to the GPS receiver, controlled the heading of the aircraft. The results obtained for both sidelap and endlap were equal to or superior to those obtained with a CCTV system. RésuméOn a mené une recherche sur la faisabilité du GPS comme aide au maintien du parallélisme des axes de prises de vues d'un bloc de photographies aériennes verticales, en utilisant un récepteur GPS bon marché fié a un avion léger. On a examiné deux cas: (i) celui ou le pilote a maintenu le cap de l'avion en suivant les indications de l'index de changement de route du récepteur GPS; (ii) celui ou c'est le pilote automatique qui, par une liaison au récepteur GPS, a maintenu le cap de l'uvion. Les résultats obtenus pour le recouvrement latéral et l'extrgmité des bandes se sont révélés égaux ou supérieurs ii ceux obtenus avec un systPme CCTV.ZusammenfassungEs wurde eine Untersuchung über die mögliche Nutzung billiger GPS‐Empfanger, die in ein Kleinjlugzeug als Hilfsmittel zum Flug paralleler Bildstreifen für die blockweise Luftbildaufnahme eingebaut wurden, durchgefuhrt. Dabei wurden 2 Falle geprüft: (1) Der Pilot steuerte das Flugzeug entsprechend der Anzeige auf dem Kursindikator des GPS‐Empfangers. (2) Der mit dem GPS‐Empfänger verbundene Autopilot steuerte das Flugzeug. Die Ergebnisse sowohl für Querals auch Längsüberdeckung waren gleich oder besser als die mit einem CCTV‐System erhaltenen.
GPS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC GROUND CONTROL: THE HEIGHTING PROBLEM
Authors: Maye P. , Price E. J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract The authors provide an account of current Directorate of Military Survey approaches to the provision of photocontrol by use of GPS and they pay special attention to the requirements of height control. SummaryGPS now provides us with a rapid method for determining plan and height for photogrammetric control directly over the points required by the photogrammetrist. By utilizing the slope of the geoid model, orthometric heights can be obtained to an accuracy of 0.15 m to 0.2 m. Surveys can be carried out quickly in all weather conditions and with none of the traditional terrestrial survey skills. Time, cost and manpower are greatly reduced. The plan accuracies are well within any requirements of the photogrammetrist and heights can be achieved to within 0.15 m to 0.2 m on test areas of UK. As photogrammetric height accuracy requires at best 1 m for plotting a 10 metre contour interval, heighting by GPS and the use of a geoid model solves the heighting problem.Résumé Les auteurs fournissent un compte‐rendu de la façon dont le Directorate of Military Survey aborde actuellement le problème de la fourniture de points ďappui photos avec ľemploi du GPS et prêterit une attention particulière à celui des points ďappui altimétriques.Zusammenfassung Die Autoren geben einen Bericht über die gegenwärtigen Versuche beim Directorate of Military Survey zur Paβpunktbestimmung mit GPS, wobei sie den Anforderungen an die Höhenbestimmung besondere Aufmerksamkeit zollen.
HEIGHTING ACCURACY TEST FROM 1:2000 SCALE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Davison M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract A description is given of a heighting accuracy test carried out at Cartographical Services Limited on 1:2000 scale aerial photography. Premarked points, with ground surveyed heights, were established on a dual carriageway road near Worcester and photography was flown using a Leica RC20 aerial camera with EMC. Photogrammetric height measurement was carried out with both a Zeiss P3 analytical plotter and a Cartographic Engineering Limited/Carto Instruments AP190 plotter; respective r.m.s.e. accuracies of ± 25 mm and ± 30 mm were obtained. The new Cartographic Engineering Limited CP2 analytical plotter has subsequently been used for height measurement on similar photography and comparable accuracy has been achieved. Résumé On présente un essai de précision altimétrique, effectué par la Société“Cartographical Services” de Southampton, sur des photographies aérienne àľéchelledu 1:2000. On a utilisé des points pré‐balisés, repartis sur une route à double voie près de Worcester, et dont ľaltitude a été déterminé sur le terrain. La prise de vue a été fait avec une caméra Leica RC20 munie ďun système de compensation du filé longitudinal. On a effectué les déterminations photogrammétriques des altitudes en utilisant à la fois un restituteur analytique Zeiss P3 et une restituteur AP190 de la Société“Cartographic Engineering/Carto Instruments.” On a obtenu comme erreurs moyennes quadratique les valeurs de ± 25 mm et ± 30 mm respectivement. On a enfin utilisé le noveau restituteur analytique CP2 de la Société“Cartographic Engineering” pour ces déterminations altimétriques et ľon a obtenu une précision comparable. Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Versuch zur Bestimmung der Höhengenauigkeit, der beim Cartographical Services Ltd. in Southampton für den Bildmaβstab 1:2000 durchgeführt wurde beschrieben. Signalisierte Punkte, deren Höhen im Gelände bestimmt wurden, wurden aufeiner Doppelfahrbahn in der Nähe von Worcester angeordnet undmit einerLeica RC20 mit EMC aufgenommen. Die photogrammetrische Höhenbestimmung erfolgte mit einem analytischen Auswertegerät P3 von Zeiss und einem AP 190 Plotter von Cartographic Engineering Ltd./Carto Instruments. Dabei wurden mittlere Fehler von ± 25 mm bzw. ± 30 mm erhalten. Das neue analytische Auswertegerät CP 2 von Cartographic Engineering Ltd. wurde danach für Höhenmessungen bei ähnlichen Luftbildern genutzt, wobei vergleichbare Genauigkeiten erreicht wurden.
HIGH PRECISION LEVELLING OF MOTORWAYS. BY LOW LEVEL HELICOPTER SURVEY
Authors: Boardman J. C. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Photogrammetrists are acutely aware that remote methods of survey are commonplace. However, it is only relatively recently that high precision levelling of the national motorway network has been conducted in this manner. There are now several competing methods available, all of which have gained some acceptance. This paper describes a low level aerial photographic method employing a helicopter as the platform. It begins with the reasons for the development, describes the system and methods involved, addresses the safety aspects, attempts to outline the necessity for the largest scale possible to maintain precision, analyses the potential developments and discusses the advantages and disadvantages compared with ground based systems.
HIGH ORDER STAGE CALIBRATION FOR AN ANALYTICAL PLOTTER
Authors: Bethel J. S. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract An analysis is given of the modelling of XY stage errors in an analytical plotter by polynomial functions. This is discussed as an alternative to demanding strict mechanical accuracy in the stage construction. In an era of plentiful computational resources, it is concluded that apportioning more of the responsibility to the mathematical co‐ordinate refinement is an effective strategy. A second degree polynomial is used for each of the two stages in an analytical plotter, modelling the systematic stage errors to within the variability of a single observation. A requirement for instrument stability is emphasized. Such techniques have application for other instruments such as image scanners. Résumé On étudie la modélisation des erreurs des chariots XY ďun restituteur analytique en utilisant des fonctions polynomials. II s‘agit en fait de trouver une alternative à des exigences de prêcision mêcanique très strictes dans la réalisation de ces chariots. A une époque oùľon dispose ďune abondance de ressources en moyens de calcul, il apparait en effet relever ďune stratégie efficace de s'appuyer davantage sur les traitements mathématiques pour améliorer les valeurs des coordonnées. On utilise, pour chacun des deux chariots, un polynome du second degrè pour modéliser les erreurs systématiques des chariots, et les rendre inférieures aux erreurs propres à une observation unique. On insiste sur la nécessitéďune grande stabilityé instrumental. Ces processus peuvent également s'appliquer àďautres instruments comme les scanneurs ďimages. Zusammenfassung Es wird die Modellierung von Fehlern des xy‐Wagens bei analytischen Auswertegeräten mit Hilfe von Polynomen analysiert. Des wird als Alternative zur Forderung nach einer strengen mechanischen Genauigkeit bei der Bildwagenkonstruktion diskutiert. Im Zeitalter hervorragender Computer‐Ressourcen, so wird geschluβfolgert, ist es eine effektive Strategie, sich mehr der mathematischen Koordinatenverbesserung zuzuwenden. Ein Polynom 2. Grades wird für jeden der 2 Bildträger eines analytischen Auswertegerätes genutzt, um die systematischen Fehler im Bereich der Variation von einzelnen Beobachtungen zu modellieren. Bezüglich der Stabilität des Instruments wird eine Anforderung formuliert. Solche Verfahren kännen auch bei anderen Geräten, wie zum Beispiel Bildscanner angewendet werden.
DEVELOPMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC LENSES
Authors: Ray S. F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPhotographic lenses are produced in a variety of types for numerous image formats. Innovations in optical technology enable technically advanced lenses to be produced and camera systems improved. Following descriptions of computer aided design and manufacture and the importance of new optical materials, aspheric surfaces and floating elements, several types of lenses are described in detail, including zoom, soft focus, high resolution, micro, large format and telephoto designs. Also discussed are optical attachments and the optical systems of compact cameras, viewfinders and three‐chip video cameras.
REMOTE SENSING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN TREATY VERIFICATION: PRESENT CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: Gupta V. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTreaty verification involves the acquisition and interpretation of data to establish a country's compliance to an agreement. Remote sensing and photogrammetry in verification is established in the intelligence community and is progressively entering the civilian sector as well. The Open Skies Treaty and the proliferation of commercial satellite imagery have created a niche for open, multilateral verification. These recent developments come at an opportune moment as the verification task has become more cumbersome and complex.This paper surveys the changes in the field of verification, aerial monitoring and satellite surveillance. It details existing and future verification tasks and presents the operational capabilities for fulfilling those tasks. The limiting factors are also presented.
HAZMAP: A REMOTE DIGITAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR WORK IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Chapman D. P. , Deacon A. T. D. , Hamid A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn a continuing drive to reduce the radiation exposure of nuclear workers, many routine aspects of nuclear plant maintenance and refurbishment are increasingly undertaken by robotic or remote handling tools. Accurate “as built” documentation of plant records is vital to the successful planning and execution of such operations since an unexpected obstruction or undocumented site modification may result in a costly disruption or even failure of the intervention. In recognition of the importance of such documentation, a recent European Community† sponsored project has been directed towards the development of techniques for cost effective survey and modelling of such plant. This paper will detail the rationale behind the design of such a system and will describe typical results from a number of pilot projects.
MAP MAKING FOR PROFIT AND PLEASURE
Authors: Leatherdale J. D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSome of the economic and operational aspects of mapping are discussed, including the conditions that may offer air survey a competitive advantage over other methods. The financing of national mapping programmes around the world is increasingly market oriented, driven by the need to provide the end users with information that they can turn into sustainable economic growth and social progress. Despite these economic pressures, map makers seem to find their work more enjoyable and rewarding than most professionals.
THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOCIETY ANALOGUE INSTRUMENT PROJECT: A SECOND EXTRACT
Authors: Burnside C. D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe paper entitled The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project was published in The Photogrammetric Record, 14(82): 565‐582 (October 1993). It contained, as Appendix A, the entry from the Archive that dealt with the Zeiss Stereoplanigraph. This paper provides a second extract from the Archive concerned with the entries relating to the Barr & Stroud ZA1 plotter, the Williamson Multiplex equipment and the Thompson pinhole plotter.
OPTIMIZING THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC NETWORK TO RECORD MOZART'S PIANOFORTE
Authors: Kotowski R. , Peipe J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe pianoforte in the Mozarthaus at Salzburg is a state of the art instrument of the late 18th century. It was recorded photogrammetrically in order to enable fundamental musicological investigations to be carried out. An important aspect of the piano survey was high precision three dimensional point determination performed by combined bundle adjustment. The process was optimized by use of software tools for simulation, automatic error detection and graphical analysis of the adjustment results. This procedure considerably increased the efficiency and reliability of the photogrammetric reconstruction.
THE ACCURACY OF DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS DERIVED FROM DIGITISED CONTOUR DATA
Authors: Robinson G. J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlthough accuracy of digital elevation models (DEMs) can be quantified and measured in different ways, each is influenced by three main factors: terrain character, sampling strategy and interpolation method. These parameters, and their interaction, are discussed. The generation of DEMs from digitised contours is emphasised because this is the major source of DEMs, particularly within member countries of OEEPE. Such DEMs often exhibit unwelcome artifacts, depending on the interpolation method employed. The origin and magnitude of these effects and how they can be reduced to improve the accuracy of the DEMs are also discussed.