bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p53 – ein natürlicher Krebskiller: Einsichten in die Struktur und Therapiekonzepte
Authors: Römer Lin , Klein Christian , Dehner Alexander , Kessler Horst , Buchner Johannes 
Published: September 2006

AbstractJeden Tag mutiert die DNA einer jeden Zelle im menschlichen Körper – sogar in Abwesenheit von Onkogenen oder extremer Strahlung – tausende Male. Viele dieser Mutationen würden zu Krebs und schließlich zum Tod führen. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, haben vielzellige Organismen ein effizientes Kontrollsystem mit dem Tumorsuppressorprotein p53 als dem zentralen Element entwickelt. Ein intaktes p53‐Netzwerk gewährleistet, dass DNA‐Schäden frühzeitig entdeckt und repariert werden. Die Bedeutung von p53 für die Prävention von Krebs wird dadurch deutlich, dass p53 in mehr als 50 % aller menschlichen Tumoren inaktiviert vorliegt. Aus diesem Grund ist p53 eines der am intensivsten untersuchten Proteine. Trotz der großen Anstrengungen, die unternommen wurden, um dieses Protein zu charakterisieren, sind seine Struktureigenschaften und komplexen Funktionen bisher nur teilweise aufgeklärt. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt vorrangig grundlegende Konzepte und jüngste Fortschritte für das Verständnis der Struktur und Regulierung von p53, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung neuer Therapieansätze.
Synthesis, spectral and biological studies of organotin(IV) complexes of heteroscorpionate
Authors: Joshi Rajkumar , Sharma Guruaribam Shashikumar , Kumar Vikrant , Adil Hashmi Athar , Kumar Satyendra , Achila R. , Ejaz Hussain M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA heteroscorpionate ligand, potassium hydrobis(benzoato)(salicylaldehyde)borate (KL), has been synthesized. This was converted into organotin complexes R2SnL2 and R3SnL complexes by mixing and stirring with a methanolic solution/suspension of organotin chloride. The ligand and its complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and spectral studies (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI mass spectra and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)). Antibacterial and antifungal studies of these compounds were evaluated by the disc diffusion method at variable concentration against three species of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillius subtillis) and two species of fungi (Asperjillius fiavus and Candida albicans). It was found that triorganotin derivatives (R3SnL) of the ligand were more effective as compared with diorganotin derivatives (R2SnL2). The organotin complexes of borates were tested for their algicidal activity on the cyanobacterial strains Aulosira fertilissma, Anabaena species, Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc muscorum and showed high to moderate toxicity towards the above species. The ligand and its complexes were also tested for its pH effect on soil in vitro for a duration of more than one month and it was found that they are able to kill pests without damaging the soil quality. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research Project: Charleston Bioengineered Kidney Project
Authors: Mironov Vladimir , Drake Christopher , Wen Xuejun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe goal of Charleston Bioengineered Kidney Project is to engineer a functional living human kidney suitable for surgical implantation using principles of directed tissue self‐assembly and tissue fusion. This is a multidisciplinary project which incorporates multiple innovative bioengineering technologies and expertise from a broad spectrum of disciplines. The conceptual framework, engineering principles, design, potential cell source as well as the first preliminary data demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed Charleston Bioengineered Kidney Project are outlined. The potential challenges are described. Finally, the experts' opinion about the proposed project is also presented.
Letter 1: Systematic review of outcome of synchronous portal-superior mesenteric vein resection during pancreatectomy for cancer (Br J Surg 2006; 93: 662–673)
Authors: Buckels J A C , Bramhall S R 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Prognostic stratification of patients with anaplastic gliomas according to genetic profile
Authors: Dehais Caroline , Laigle‐Donadey Florence , Marie Yannick , Kujas Michele , Lejeune Julie , Benouaich‐Amiel Alexandra , Pedretti Marta , Polivka Marc , Xuan Khe‐Hoang , Thillet Joelle , Delattre Jean‐Yves , Sanson Marc 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.There is a need to improve the current, controversial, and poorly reproducible classification of anaplastic gliomas, which represent a highly heterogeneous entity in terms of survival.METHODS.The impact of the most common genetic alterations on survival was investigated based on 156 anaplastic gliomas: Among the patients who were included, the gender ratio was 1.32, the median age was 45.5 years (range, 20–83 years), and the median Karnofsky performance status was 70 (range, 40–100). Genetic analysis included a search for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 1p and 19q; amplification of chromosomes 9p and 10q and of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and mouse double‐minute (MDM2) genes; and p53 expression.RESULTS.The median survival was 33.5 months, and the median progression‐free survival was 15.8 months. In a univariate analysis, LOH on 1p and 19q was correlated with longer survival, whereas p53 expression, LOH on 9p, LOH on 10q, amplified EGFR, and deleted CDKN2A were correlated with shorter survival. LOH on 1p and 19q were associated with oligodendrogliomas, LOH on 10q was related to EGFR amplification, and LOH on 1p and 19q was mutually exclusive with EGFR amplification and LOH on 10q. In a multivariate analysis, the significant prognostic factors were age, histology, LOH on 1p and 19q, and P16/CDKN2A deletion. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) divided the whole group hierarchically into 3 distinct prognostic subgroups: Group A with 1p19q codeletion (median survival, 98 months), Group B with EGFR amplification (median survival, 17 months), and Group CC (median survival, 31 months), providing a basis for a genetically based prognostic subclassification for patients with Grade III gliomas.CONCLUSIONS.The search for 1p19q codeletion and EGFR receptor amplification provides a simple, clinically relevant prognostic subclassification of grade III gliomas. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Influence of initial geometric imperfections on the stability of thick cylindrical shells under internal pressure
Authors: Lopes S. R. X. , Gonçalves P. B. , Pamplona D. C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper investigates numerically and experimentally the influence of initial geometric imperfections on the critical loads of initially stretched thick hyperelastic cylindrical shells under increasing uniform internal pressure. Imperfections in shells can have a global or local character. First, two types of local imperfections are considered: (1) a local axially symmetric imperfection in the form of a ring and (2) a small rectangular imperfection. The influence of the imperfection thickness, position and size are analysed in detail. Results show that the critical load decreases as the imperfections increase in size or thickness and as they move from the boundaries to the centre of the shell. The influence of multiple local imperfections is also studied in the present paper. Finally, the influence of global imperfections is considered with the imperfections described as a variation of the shell curvature in the axial direction. The results show that thick hyperelastic shells may be sensitive to local and global imperfections. In all cases the experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical ones, corroborating the conclusions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A relation between the logarithmic capacity and the condition number of the BEM‐matrices
Authors: Dijkstra W. , Mattheij R. M. M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe establish a relation between the logarithmic capacity of a two‐dimensional domain and the solvability of the boundary integral equation for the Laplace problem on that domain. It is proved that when the logarithmic capacity is equal to one the boundary integral equation does not have a unique solution. A similar result is derived for the linear algebraic systems that appear in the boundary element method. As these systems are based on the boundary integral equation, no unique solution exists when the logarithmic capacity is equal to one. Hence, the system matrix is ill‐conditioned. We give several examples to illustrate this and investigate the analogies between the Laplace problem with Dirichlet and mixed boundary conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional elastoplastic analysis by triple‐reciprocity boundary element method
Authors: Ochiai Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn general, internal cells are required to solve elastoplastic problems using a conventional boundary element method (BEM). However, in this case, the merit of BEM, which is ease of data preparation, is lost. Triple‐reciprocity BEM can be used to solve two‐dimensional elastoplasticity problems with a small plastic deformation. In this study, it is shown that three‐dimensional elastoplastic problems can be solved, without the use of internal cells, by the triple‐reciprocity BEM. An initial strain formulation is adopted and the initial strain distribution is interpolated using boundary integral equations. A new computer program was developed and applied to solving several problems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computationally‐Assisted Approach to the Vibrational Spectra of Molecular Crystals: Study of Hydrogen‐Bonding and Pseudo‐Polymorphism
Authors: Nolasco Mariela M. , Amado Ana M. , Ribeiro‐Claro Paulo J. A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new computationally‐assisted methodology (PiMM), which accounts for the effects of intermolecular interactions in the crystal, is applied to the complete assignment of the Raman and infrared vibrational spectra of room temperature forms of crystalline caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline. The vibrational shifts due to crystal packing interactions are evaluated from ab initio calculations for a set of suitable molecular pairs, using the B3LYP/6‐31G* approach.The proposed methodology provides an answer to the current demand for a reliable assignment of the vibrational spectra of these methyl‐xanthines, and clarifies several misleading assignments. The most relevant intermolecular interactions in each system and their effect on the vibrational spectra are considered and discussed. Based on these results, significant insights are obtained for the structure of caffeine in the anhydrous form (stable at room temperature), for which no X‐ray structure has been reported. A possible structure based on C(8)H⋅⋅⋅N(9) and C(1,3)H⋅⋅⋅O intermolecular interactions is suggested.
Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin‐loaded Con A‐liposomes
Authors: Santos Hercília Maria Lins Rolim , de Queiroz Fernando Brederodes , Maior Rosa Maria Souto , do Nascimento Silene Carneiro , Magalhães Nereide Stela Santos 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe present study investigated the potential of Concanavalin A lectin (Con A) conjugated to liposomes (Con A‐liposomes) for targeting doxorubicin (DOX) to cells. The physicochemical properties and the cytotoxicity of DOX‐loaded Con A‐liposomes were evaluated. DOX‐loaded Con A‐liposomes were prepared by incubation of DOX‐loaded liposomes with a Con A‐SATA derivative. Lectin biological activity was monitored before and after conjugation by a hemagglutinating assay. The cytotoxicity of DOX‐loaded Con A‐liposomes was evaluated in terms of the inhibition of NCI‐H299 and HEp‐2 cell proliferation using the MTT method. The affinity of lectinized liposomes with these cells was thus assessed by evaluating the cytotoxic effect of the DOX released into cells. Stable DOX‐loaded Con A‐liposomes were obtained and their high affinity for cells was corroborated. The encapsulation of DOX into Con A‐liposomes produced an inhibition of roughly 70% of Hep‐2 cell proliferation and 50% of cell inhibition was verified on HCI‐H292. DOX in solution was able to inhibit only 20% of cell proliferation for both cell lines. Unloaded Con A‐liposomes were not cytotoxic. The encapsulation of DOX into Con A‐liposomes improves drug penetration into cells, thereby enhancing its cytotoxicity, especially in Hep‐2 cells. Drug Dev. Res. 67:430–437, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The novel depot of buprenorphine propionate has a long‐acting effect on physical dependence on morphine
Authors: Liu Kuo‐Sheng , Lin Ching‐Nan , Shieh Ja‐Ping , Chu Chin‐Chen , Kuei Chun‐Hsiung , Wang Jhi‐Joung 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBuprenorphine is a promising drug for the treatment of physical dependence on opioids. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and duration of action of a novel depot form of a buprenorphine prodrug, buprenorphine propionate, on physical dependence on morphine. Following intramuscular injection in morphine‐dependent mice, the efficacy and duration of action of buprenorphine propionate in sesame oil were evaluated. Two other dosage forms of buprenorphine were used as controls. Intramuscular injection of buprenorphine HCl (0.1 µmol/kg in saline) attenuated the severity of morphine dependence (P<0.05) with a 9‐h duration of action. However, a further increase in dose up to 60‐fold could not further increase its duration of action. On the other hand, buprenorphine base and propionate when prepared in sesame oil produced longer durations of action than did buprenorphine HCl in saline under an equimolar basis of 6 µmol/kg (P<0.05, for each comparison). Among dosage forms, buprenorphine propionate in sesame oil produced the longest duration of action, 11.3‐fold longer than that of buprenorphine HCl in saline and 2‐fold longer than buprenorphine base in oil. In conclusion, the novel depot of buprenorphine propionate produced a dose‐related long‐acting effect on physical dependence on morphine in mice. Drug Dev. Res. 67:462–469, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In silico prediction of cytochrome P450 inhibitors
Authors: Refsgaard Hanne H. F. , Jensen Berith F. , Christensen Inge Thøger , Hagen Nina , Brockhoff Per B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPatients often receive several medications at the same time, and if the drugs involved compete for the same enzymes to be metabolized, it can lead to undesired effects with the risk of fatal results. Therefore, early knowledge about the cytochrome P450 (CYP) interaction potential of a drug candidate is central and in silico tools can provide such information even on virtual structures. Most of the in silico CYP information in the literature is on substrates and is based on molecular and protein modeling. However, in early screening information of CYP substrates is rarely available and sometimes only a single concentration is used in screening assays. Recently, in silico CYP modeling applying statistical tools has appeared in the literature and the aim of this review is to give an overview of published in silico prediction studies of CYP inhibition for four of the clinically most important isotypes, namely: CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Furthermore, in the review, we discuss inhibition data, different descriptors and statistical methods applied for in silico prediction of CYP inhibition, and we point to promising approaches in the development of accurate in silico prediction tools of CYP inhibitors. Drug Dev. Res. 67:417–429, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Element‐localized Doppler STAP (Space Time Adaptive Processing) for clutter suppression in automotive forward‐looking RADAR
Authors: Inaba Takayuki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn forward‐looking radars such as automotive radars, it is necessary to suppress the reflected undesirable signal (clutter) from such objects as the ground surface (especially hills), guard rails, and buildings, in order to detect moving targets ahead. When using a pulse‐Doppler filter (PDF), which is the conventional method for clutter suppression, separation is difficult when the velocity of the target relative to the clutter is small. In this paper, as a high performance clutter suppression method for such low‐velocity targets, we propose element‐localized Doppler space time adaptive processing (ELD‐STAP), which includes a PDF in the preprocessing, and which uses an array antenna. In the proposed ELD‐STAP, only the PDF output corresponding to the Doppler frequency breadth of the clutter, predicted from the speed of the vehicle on which it is mounted, is selected for applying STAP, and hence the dimension of the data vector, which is the greatest difficulty in the application of STAP, can be reduced. By reducing the dimension of the data vector, not only the computation load, but also the number of cells that must be referenced to estimate the clutter correlation matrix (called secondary cells), can be reduced. Computer simulation reveals that the proposed ELD‐STAP yields an improvement factor better than that provided by the combination of PDF and multibeam forming (MBF). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(1): 77–89, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20221
Influence of TCP congestion control on multifractal nature of network traffic
Authors: Doi Hiroki , Matsuda Takahiro , Yamamoto Miki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe multifractal nature of traffic volume is known to have significant influence to queuing behavior in network nodes. In the Internet, TCP traffic, which is the major traffic flowing through the Internet has been reported to have multifractal nature. To control the effect of the multifractal nature, the origin of the multifractal nature in TCP traffic needs to be explained. However, it is still unclear what part of TCP control mostly affects the multifractal nature. In this paper, we focus on TCP congestion control from the viewpoint of multifractal nature of generated traffic. We investigate “what component of TCP congestion control mechanism affects multifractal nature of generated traffic?” Our simulation results show that Retransmission Time‐Out mechanism plays an important role for multifractal nature of TCP traffic. In addition, our results show that avoiding occurrence of Retransmission Time Out is the best approach to improve TCP performance, i.e., throughput degradation, LRD, and multifractal nature. Random Early Detection (RED), based on the fact that Retransmission Time Out should be avoided, to improve TCP performance are also reasonable from the viewpoint of LRD and multifractal nature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(1): 68–76, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20277
Congestion control with multiple congestion control policy for large bandwidth‐delay‐product networks
Authors: Saito Kentaro , Igarashi Ken , Ihara Takeshi , Miura Akira 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRecently, broadband applications such as data grids and IP‐Storage Area Network have been proliferating. In these applications it is necessary to exchange large amounts of data quickly over networks with a capacity of several gigabits per second. For this purpose, various kinds of congestion control have been proposed for use in such broadband networks. In these kinds of congestion control, the idle bandwidth of the network can be used quickly by increasing the communications speed at the time of communications. On the other hand, complicated forms of congestion are generated in the network. Therefore, when these kinds of congestion control and the existing TCP communications coexist, the existing TCP communication is strongly compressed. In the present paper, TCP with multiple congestion control policies (TCP‐MP) is proposed in order to make swift use of idle bandwidths in the network. In TCP‐MP, an additional congestion control policy is provided in addition to using a form of congestion control similar to that in conventional TCP, so that information on the variation of the RTT between the transmitter and the receiver can be used to estimate the idle bandwidth of the network and the communications speed is chosen in such a way that the idle bandwidth is used up. Hence, it is possible to quickly use the bandwidth of the network within the range in which the existing TCP communications is compressed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(1): 45–57, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20310
Estimation of lightning location from single station observations of sferics
Authors: Nagano Isamu , Yagitani Satoshi , Ozaki Mitsunori , Nakamura Yoichi , Miyamura Kazutoshi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA system for lightning location from single station observations has been developed for localizing lightning (distance and direction) at rather short distances (several hundred kilometers). In this system, a vertical component of the electric field and two horizontal components of the magnetic field of the VLF wave of the sferics are observed. The sferics are usually observed as a pulse train. The first pulse is used for estimation of the direction. The second and subsequent pulses are multiple reflections between the ionosphere and the ground. The differences in arrival time of these reflected waves are determined by the propagation distance between the ground and the ionosphere. The reflection altitude of the ionosphere and the horizontal distance to the lightning location are estimated from the arrival time difference of more than two pulses. In this research, the electromagnetic pulses radiated from the lightning are first analyzed by the full wave method, considering the ionosphere, free space, and the ground, in order to evaluate the location estimation method. The lightning location is estimated by calculating the space discharge sferics waveform at the observation point. Observations were also carried out with the lightning location system for estimation of lightning locations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(1): 25– 34, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20329
Path loss prediction model for the over‐rooftop propagation environment of microwave band in suburban areas
Authors: Kita Naoki , Yamada Wataru , Sato Akio 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIt is desirable that the method used for outdoor path loss estimation at microwave frequencies be one for which a worldwide consensus can be obtained through an ITU‐R international standard. In this paper, a path loss prediction model for over‐rooftop propagation environments is proposed for suburban areas. This model is based on the propagation mechanism explained by using the geometrical optics and consists of the direct wave region, the reflected wave region, and the diffracted wave region. The boundary points of these regions can be determined uniquely from the antenna height and building environment and all regions are continuously connected. Hence, high‐precision estimation of the path loss can be estimated from the short‐distance line‐of‐sight region to the far‐field non‐line‐of‐sight region. The proposed model is useful for channel design of microwave‐band wireless access systems. Further, the method contributes to the ITU‐R international standardization described above. Finally, it is shown that the measured path loss and the value estimated by the present model agree well at 2.2, 5.2, and 19.4 GHz. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(1): 13–24, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20333