bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the isolated perfused pig liver
Authors: Jablonski P , Douglas M C , Gordon E , Owen J A , Watts J McK 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighty perfusions of the isolated pig liver were performed using diluted pig blood. Although a high proportion of these perfusions were successful, there was sporadic filure of perfusion, usually manifested by rising hepatic arterial blood-pressure and decreasing total hepatic blood-flow.
The success rate of perfusion was improved by addition of low-molecular-weight dextran to the perfusate, the use of a less soluble siliconizing agent for the perfusion apparatus, and the use of new tubing for each perfusion. Preliminary flushing of the liver with Ringer-lactate reduced the success rate and, in unsuccessful perfusions, vaso-active drugs were ineffective in reducing raised vascular resistance.
Changes in the perfusate electrolyte, glucose, and enzyme patterns were sometimes observed but could not be related to perfusion success.
Perfused livers synthesized urea and bilirubin and incorporated 75Se-labelled methionine into protein. Perfused livers also conjugated bromsulphthalein (B.S.P.), but in unsuccessful perfusions the uptake of the dye from the perfusate was reduced and there was marked entry of conjugated B.S.P. into the perfusate.
Careful attention to the details of perfusate composition and perfusion conditions does increase the number of successful perfusions. Suggestions for further improvements are discussed.
The technical innovations suggested by these investigations are probably relevant to the preservation of the liver prior to clinical transplantation or to the preparation and perfusion of the porcine liver in the treatment of patients with acute liver failure.
Intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cyst of the liver
Authors: Al-Hashimi H M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and fifty cases of hydatid cysts affecting different organs were studied and of these 78 cases were hepatic. Intrabiliary rupture is the commonest complication and was found in 32 cases.
The greatest incidence is at about 40 years of age. Males are affected more than females.
The clinical presentation of occult intrabiliary rupture with suppuration is described and the source of infection of the cyst is proved to be biliary in origin.
Jaundice which is obstructive might develop and a convenient term, “hydatid jaundice”, is suggested.
Evaluation of various surgical procedures for the management of such cases is discussed.
Gastrografin as an aid to the diagnosis of perforated peptic ulcer
Authors: Wellwood J M , Wilson A N , Hopkinson B R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Sixty-four patients with suspected perforated peptic ulcer were assessed by clinical methods and abdominal radiographs before and after a Gastrografin meal. Thirty-eight patients were shown to have a perforated ulcer at operation. The initial clinical diagnosis was correct in 84 per cent. The plain films showed evidence of perforation in 61 per cent and the films after Gastrografin showed evidence of perforation in 50 per cent. The combined evidence of clinical and radiographic findings indicated the diagnosis correctly in 97 per cent of perforations. Perforations over 8 hours old were more commonly closed at operation and showed a lower incidence of Gastrografin leak.
Aneurysm of the hepatic artery: Reconstruction with saphenous vein-graft
Authors: Rutten A P M , Sikkenk P J H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The symptomatology and treatment of treatment of aneurysm of the hepatic artery are discussed with reference to a personal observation. In the case described, the aneurysm was resected with reconstruction by means of an autogenous vein-graft–a procedure so far described only twice in the literature.
In spite of serious complications the patient made a good recovery initially, but died 18 months after the original operation as a consequence of a duodenal ulcer that had perforated into the graft.
Reconstruction with a vein-graft seemed to us the most recommendable technique, but after this experience we feel that a synthetic graft probably should be preferred in the neighbourhood of stomach and pancreas if a direct anastomosis is not possible.
The operation of orthotopic renal allografting in the pig and its complications
Authors: Golby Michael , White H J O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Operating upon paired pigs simultaneously and performing bilateral nephrectomy with use of the left kidney for orthotopic renal allografting and pelviureteric anastomoses produces a constant, reproducible experimental model. The technique requires little practice and because of relative lack of anatomical variation in pigs has a high success rate. It is economical of animals and staff. Special postoperative support of the animals beyond normal animal husbandry practice is not required.
This model has been used on 101 occasions. Seven operations were initial practice procedures and 94 operations were performed to evaluate various immunosuppressive agents (to be reported elsewhere).
There were 11 technical failures, 5 of which, now that spinal-cord blood-flow is understood, would be much reduced in future series. Similarly 9 deaths with “no demonstrable cause” would be less with the understanding of post-transplantation lymph loss.
The 3 deaths from preoperative feeding were nonrecurring factors. Failure within 36 hours was 25 per cent; experience and practice should reduce this to less than 10 per cent. Mean ischaemic time was 22 minutes; there was no demonstrable tubular necrosis up to 28 minutes.
An experimental evaluation of the optimal method of use of streptokinase in venous thrombosis
Authors: Karmody A M , Galloway J M D , Mavor G E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experiments have been carried out in dogs to determine the optimal method of use of streptokinase in venous thrombosis.
The experiments show that:– High-dose regional infusion is the most efficient system of producing thrombolysis.Occlusive thrombi are readily removed by this system.Low-dose regional infusions and high-dose systemic infusions are much less efficient but, in general, regional delivery is preferable when possible.
As a result of these experimental conclusions a number of patients have been successfully treated with high-dose regional infusions of streptokinase (Mavor, Bennett, Galloway, and Karmody, 1969; Mavor, Galloway, and Karmody, 1970).
Ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm after lung resection
Authors: Houghton G R , Harrison G Kent , Braimbridge M V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient is described who previously had a lobectomy for a Pancoast tumour involving her brachial plexus and who subsequently developed a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm from the right coronary sinus into the righ atrium. The classic mode of presentation and successful operation are described.
Subtotal colonic replacement of the oesophagus in infancy
Authors: Singh Ajmer , Rickham P P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twelve subtotal replacements of the oesophagus by the colon in infants with oesophageal atresia were performed. The right colon was used and it was led through a retrosternal tunnel. This procedure was carried out when the child was at least 8 kg. in weight and was thriving and in good health. The literature on the subject is reviewed and the technique and results in this small series are presented. Although this is an extensive operation and complications are not uncommon, colonic substitution of the oesophagus can confidently be recommended in infancy.
Reversibility of femorosaphenous reflux
Authors: Quill R D , Fegan W G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eleven patients with varicose veins of the long saphenous system and associated femorosaphenous reflux were investigated by means of phlebography, before and after treatment by compression sclerotherapy, in order to determine if any changes, particularly of dilatation and valvular competence, took place in the proximal, untreated part of the long saphenous vein. In 9 cases narrowing of the proximal part of the long saphenous vein occurred. In 4 cases valves which had not been detected or which had been poorly outlined on the pre-treatment films were well outlined on the post-treatment films. In 2 cases the long saphenous vein was not outlined on the post-treatment films. As clinical evidence of thrombosis of the vein was not present, this appeared to be due to restoration of valvular competence.
The combined surgical and medical treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis
Authors: Ross J Cosbie , Goldsmith H J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
While the cause of retroperitoneal fibrosis remains obscure, it is clear that a systemic disturbance often occurs at the onset. The treatment of choice remains ureterolysis combined with extraperitoneal lateral displacement of the ureter. Steroid therapy plays a part in dealing with the acute systemic phase, acts as a valuable adjuvant to surgery, and occasionally may obviate the need for operation in aged and debilitated subjects.
Oesophageal manometric studies of dysphagia in Vernet's syndrome
Authors: Serebro H A , Mieny C J , Webster A , Jackson H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The case history is reported of a patient who developed Vernet's syndrome following radical excision of a chemodectoma involving the lower four cranial nerves on the left side. Immediately after operation there was a complete failure of deglutition, but normal swallowing returned spontaneously in 3 months. Radiological and manometric studies of the pharynx and oesophagus indicated that the main cause of the dysphagia was spasm in the upper oesophagus, distal to the cricopharyngeal sphincter. This is the first report of oesophageal pressure studies on this condition.
Vascular injuries resulting from arterial puncture or catheterization
Authors: Hall Robert 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Diagnostic puncture or catheterization is probably the commonest cause of serious arterial injury in current civilian surgical practice. The most frequent complications are arterial thrombosis, bleeding from the puncture site, false and arteriovenous aneurysm formation, and cerebral embolism. Eight instances of arterial occlusion have been treated in one hospital in less than 18 months–1 followed arterial puncture, 3 followed operative insertion of catheters maintained for repeated blood-sampling, I followed Seldinger catheterization for arteriography, and 3 followed cardiac catheter studies–during which time 1400 such procedures were carried out.
Arterial spasm and trauma, large catheter size, protracted catheter maintenance, and low cardiac output seem to be factors particularly liable to produce sufficient damage to precipitate complications, together with thrombosis consequent to sustained heavy local pressure to arrest haemorrhage from the site of arterial puncture.
Early surgical correction was successful on each of 6 occasions, but in the 2 cases in which procrastination had occurred major arm amputations became necessary.
Small-vessel thrombosis following vascular injury: Successful treatment with a low-dose intra-arterial infusion of streptokinase
Authors: Chesterman C N , Nash T , Biggs J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Streptokinase may cause excessive haemorrhage if administered systemically in the presence of vascular injury. A patient in this situation was treated with a low dose of streptokinase administered intra-arterially. Using this régime there was little evidence of systemic activation and insignificant bleeding, but there was satisfactory dissolution of the occlusive thrombus.
Carcinoma of the gall-bladder: A clinical appraisal and review of 57 cases
Authors: Solan M J , Jackson B T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical and pathological features of 57 cases of primary carcinoma of the gall-bladder are described.
Gall-stones were associated with the tumour in only 54 per cent of cases. the relationship betweeen gall-stones and carcinoma is discussed.
Preoperative diagnosis is rare, treatment is usually ineffective, and the prognosis is bad.
Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia
Authors: Collis J Leigh 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experience in the management of a personal series of 837 cases of carcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia is described. It is evident from this that the subject is not a static one. Improvement is occurring and there are good reasons to expect this to continue. The aspects affected by this improvement include morbidity, mortality, the well-being of patients, and the long-term survival. Unfortunately, in the majority of cases, treatment is only palliative, but palliation is good and it relieves the patient of his main symptom–dysphagia. In view of the great benefits which good palliation provides, no treatment can be considered as satisfactory unless the relief of symptoms is of a high standard.
It is maintained that too much emphasis has hitherto been placed on long-term survival, which is only possible in the minority of cases.
Bearing all factors in mind a strong case can be made for the overall surgical plan in the management of growths affecting the middle and lower parts of the oesophagus.
Acute pancreatitis associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Authors: Ong G B , Adiseshiah M , Leong C H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-nine cases of acute pancreatitis complicating recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, a clinical entity which has been previously described as a common disease in the Far East, occurred in 237 cases operated upon during the acute stage of the disease. This review concerns 657 cases seen during a period of 5 years. The pancreatitis is usually mild and is diagnosed mainly at operation. Unlike pancreatitis of other aetiology surgery should be undertaken early, because if obstruction by stones and infection of the biliary tract are relieved, recovery from the pancreatitis usually follows.
The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in Malaysia
Authors: Cunningham Ian G E , Yong N K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in a series of Asian patients has been studied using 125I-labelled fibrinogen. Deep vein thrombosis was found in 12 per cent, which is a much lower incidence than in comparable Western series. The cause of this difference is discussed.
Treatment of axillary abscesses by incision and primary suture under antibiotic cover
Authors: Page R E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Axillary abscesses can be conveniently treated by incision, curettage and primary suture under antibiotic cover. Most patients attended hospital on three occasions, and the average duration of treatment was 6·6 days. Of the organisms isolated, staphylococci accounted for 93 per cent. The axilla is particularly prone to infection by these organisms. A recurrence rate of 6.6 per cent was recorded and this was partly due to proteus infections which were insensitive to lincomycin. Shaving of axillary hair probably contributes to the formation of axillary abscess and accounts for their preponderance in females.
Wandering spleen: 11 cases from Uganda
Authors: Carswell J Wilson 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eleven cases of wandering spleen are described of which 8 were in children. Six patients presented with a chronic abdominal mass and 5 with acute torsion. In the chronic case the diagnosis may be clarified by the use of radioactive 51 Cr, and the plain abdominal X-ray is of value in chronic and acute presentations. Splenectomy is required for all acute cases but a technique for preservation of the spleen is feasible in the chronic case. The condition may arise from association of splenomegaly and maldevelopment of the dorsal mesogastrium.
Amputation of the finger
Authors: Scott J E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A review of 151 partial or total amputations of the finger is presented. Emphasis is placed on the incidence of postoperative tenderness and the time taken off work by patients suffering digital amputation. It is concluded that in patients who, following injury, require digital amputation the best results aye obtained by early primary proximal reamputation and the avoidance, where possible, of skin grafting.
The effect of postoperative peritoneal lavage on survival, peritoneal wound healing and adhesion formation following fecal peritonitis: An experimental study in the rat
Authors: Cleaver C L Tolhurst , Hopkins A D , Wong K C Ng Kee , Raftery A T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of postoperative peritoneal lavage on survival, peritoneal wound healing and adhesion formation has been studied in rats both with and without fecal peritonitis. Peritoneal lavage with both Hartmann's solution and noxytiolin through an indwelling peritoneal cannula resulted in a delay in peritoneal wound healing in the absence of fecal peritonitis. There was also an increase in the incidence of adhesions. Induction of a fecal peritonitis followed by operation 2½–3 hours later resulted in 100 per cent mortality within 24 hours. This mortality was reduced by 66 per cent following peritoneal lavage with Hartmann's solution alone, although this resulted in a delay in peritoneal wound healing. Peritoneal lavage with noxytiolin did not reduce the mortality rate.
Selective catheterization of the thyroid veins for preoperative localization of parathyroid tumours
Authors: Tomlinson Stephen , Clements V R , Smith M J G , Kendall B E , O'Riordan J L H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Samples obtained from the thyroid veins as well as from the great veins of the neck of 35 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were assayed for parathyroid hormone. The overall distribution of the hormone was used to predict the location of the parathyroid tumour. In 27 patients the site of the adenoma was correctly predicted, and in a further 4 the side of the neck in which the tumour was to be found was forecast correctly; in only 4 patients was the technique unsuccessful. Thus, useful information was obtained in 31 of the 35 patients studied (88 per cent). Preoperative localization of parathyroid tumours in this way is of greater value than merely sampling large veins alone, particularly when there has been previous exploratory surgery.
Colonoscopy in the management of colon polyps
Authors: Williams Christopher B , Hunt R H , Loose H , Riddell R H , Sakai Y , Swarbrick E T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The technique and indications for colonoscopic polyp-ectomy are reviewed. The results compare very favourably with those of surgical polypectomy and represent a major advance. Three hundred polyps of up to 4.5 cm diameter were removed with the diathermy snare from 169 patients, and a further 107 smaller polyps were destroyed with a new ‘hot-biopsy’ technique. There were no serious complications, but I patient sustained a ‘closed’ perforation, which was managed conservatively, and in 2 others signifcant haemorrhage occurred. Comparison of colonoscopy with the Malmö double contrast enema shows that up to 95 per cent of polyps over 5 mm in diameter can be demonstrated radiologically. High quality X-rays allow limited colonoscopy and justify radiological rather than colonoscopic follow-up. Colonoscopic removal of all polyps saves the patient unnecessary irradiation, since barium enema examination need then be repeated only every 3–5 years.
Removal of ingested coins utilizing fibre-endoscopy and special forceps
Authors: Larkworthy W , Jones R T B , Mahoney M , Holgate P F L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 2 patients coins were removed from the stomach utilizing art Olympus fibre-endoscope and specially designed foreign-body-retrieval forceps. In both cases the procedure was welt tolerated, gastrotomy avoided and the patients were quickly discharged from hospital.
Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder
Authors: Prakash A T M , Sharma Lalit K , Pandit P N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical and pathological features of 100 consecutive cases of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder, treated by a single surgical unit, are described. Females outnumbered males by 2 to 1. The maximum incidence was seen in the fifth decade. Pain and the presence of a mass were the two most common clinical features. Gallstones coexisted in 45 per cent of cases. Ancillary investigations were of little value in preoperative diagnosis. At laparotomy biopsy alone was possible in a large number of cases owing to the advanced disease process. Two patients were alive 5 years after surgery. Prophylactic cholecystectomy for all diseased gallbladders, whether symptomatic or not, is advocated.
The natural and unnatural history of pancreatic pseudocysts
Authors: Sankaran S , Walt Alexander J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experience with 131 pseudocysts of the pancreas in 112 patients has been analysed with a view to answering specific questions. Spontaneous regression was documented in 8 per cent. Complications occurred in 33·5 per cent of the pseudocysts, including obstruction of adjacent organs, rupture, haemorrhage and pancreatic ascites. In 14 pseudocysts, rupture into the gastrointestinal tract, the peritoneal cavity or the pleural cavity, when unassociated with haemorrhage, had a mortality rate of 14 per cent. Sixteen patients with significant haemorrhage associated with a pseudocyst had a mortality rate of 61 per cent; early direct surgical control is advocated. Pancreatic ascites was associated with 14·5 per cent of the pseudocysts and had a 40 per cent recurrence rate, which can be greatly diminished when operative procedures are guided by pancreatography. The mortality rate for the surgical treatment of 97 uncomplicated pseudocysts was 6 per cent and the recurrence rate was 11 per cent. The prime cause of death was haemorrhage. Seven of the 131 pseudocysts were synchronous and 12 were metachronous. The actual figure is probably higher. Small cysts of the head of the pancreas, impalpable at operation but demonstrable by pancreatography, may be the cause of severe, continuing or recurrent symptoms.
The management of peptic oesophageal stricture
Authors: Williamson R C N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighty-three adult patients with peptic oesophageal stricture are reviewed with regard to diagnosis and treatment. Sliding hiatus hernia was present in 94 percent of cases. The strictures were graded according to the degree of stenosis encountered at initial oesophagoscopy, but several other factors influenced the management of each case. Bouginage should always be attempted before proceeding to surgery. Thirty-eight patients were treated by bouginage alone, with 21 (55 per cent) good results and 3 deaths. Forty-five patients came to surgery, with 32 (71 per cent) good results and 3 deaths. Six patients sustained instrumental perforation of the oesophagus with 1 fatality. There was in addition 1 case of silent perforation following selfbouginage, which is believed to be unique. Hiatal herniorrhaphy combined with simple bouginage is recommended where reflux oesophagitis dominates the clinical picture. Local plastic repair (oesophagoplasty) has proved a simple and effective method of treating low annular strictures. Oesophagogastrostomy was carried out in 12 patients without operative loss and with good results in 8 cases; the addition of a pyloroplasty is believed to lessen postoperative reflux.
General anaesthesia during early pregnancy
Authors: Strunin Leo , Knights K , Strunin J M , Ward Michael E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
General anaesthesia in the early stages of pregnancy may carry an increased risk of embryotoxicity. One hundred and six women scheduled for non-emergency surgery were interviewed preoperatively and their menstrual history taken. Forty-three (41 per cent) were considered to be using adequate contraceptive therapy. Thirty-one (29 per cent) of the patients could have been in the early stages of pregnancy, and of these women, 19 (61 per cent) were undergoing surgery of a minor nature. Simple history taking identified the women “at risk” and it is suggested that surgery could have been delayed without detriment in many cases.