bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel phosphoprotein analysis scheme for assessing changes in premalignant and malignant breast cell lines using 2‐D liquid separations, protein microarrays, and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Patwa Tasneem H. , Wang Yanfei , Miller Fred R. , Goodison Steve , Pennathur Subramaniam , Barder Timothy J. , Lubman David M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn analysis of phosphorylation changes that occur during cancer progression would provide insights into the molecular pathways responsible for a malignant phenotype. In this study we employed a novel coupling of 2‐D liquid separations and protein microarray technology to reveal changes in phosphoprotein status between premalignant (AT1) and malignant (CA1a) cell lines derived from the human MCF10A breast cell lines. Intact proteins were first separated according to their pI and hydrophobicities, then arrayed on SuperAmine glass slides. Phosphoproteins were detected using the universal, inorganic phospho‐sensor dye, Pro‐Q Diamond. Using this dye, out of 140 spots that were positive for phosphorylation, a total of 85 differentially expressed spots were detected over a pH range of 7.2–4.0. Proteins were identified and their peptides sequenced by MS. The strategy enabled the identification of 75 differentially expressed phosphoproteins, from which 51 phosphorylation sites in 27 unique proteins were confirmed. Interestingly, the majority of differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins observed were nuclear proteins. Three regulators of apoptosis, Bad, Bax, and Acinus, were also differentially phosphorylated in the two cell lines. Further development of this strategy will facilitate an understanding of the mechanisms involved in malignancy progression and other disease‐related phenotypes.
Immunoglobulin 1 (IgG1) Fc‐glycosylation profiling of anti‐citrullinated peptide antibodies from human serum
Authors: Scherer H. Ulrich , Wang Jun , Toes René E. M. , van der Woude Diane , Koeleman Carolien A. M. , de Boer Arjen R. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Deelder André M. , Wuhrer Manfred 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn several autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoantibodies are thought to be the driving force of pathogenicity. Glycosylation of the Fc‐part of human Igs is known to modulate biological activity. Hitherto, glycosylation of human IgG‐Fc has been analyzed predominantly at the level of total serum IgG, revealing reduced galactosylation in RA. Given the pathogenic relevance of autoantibodies in RA, we wished, in the present study, to address the question whether distinct Fc‐glycosylation features are observable at the level of antigen‐specific IgG subpopulations. For this purpose, we have developed a method for the microscale purification and Fc‐glycosylation analysis of anti‐citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA). ACPA represent a group of autoantibodies that occur with unique specificity in RA patients. Their presence is associated with increased inflammatory disease activity and rapid joint destruction. Results indicate that ACPA of the IgG1 subclass vary considerably from total serum IgG1 with respect to Fc‐galactosylation, with galactosylation being higher on ACPA than on serum IgG1 for some patients, while other patients show higher galactosylation on serum IgG1 than on ACPA. Using this method, studies can be performed on the biological and clinical relevance of ACPA glycosylation within RA patient cohorts.
Dielectric behavior of TiC–PVDF nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Fajun , Zhou Dongxiang , Gong Shuping 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTiC/PVDF nanocomposite is prepared via simple blending and hot pressing route. Percolation theory was employed to explain the dielectric behavior of the TiC/PVDF composites. The dependence of the dielectric properties of the composite on both volume fraction of the filler and frequency is investigated. High dielectric constant (ϵ = 540) and low loss (tan δ = 0.48) of the composites at 100 Hz have been observed near the percolation threshold (0.12). The composites show a weak frequency dependence towards the high frequency range (10–100 kHz), regardless of the TiC content. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
River bank stabilization using rock riprap falling aprons
Authors: Froehlich David C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA rational mathematical model is presented that provides a sensible and realistic description of the physical processes that take place as a horizontal rock riprap apron (generally known as a ‘falling apron’) launches in stages and then gradually covers and protects an eroding river bank. The model is a simplified kinematic description of complex riprap cover development that does not reference directly the forces that lead to stream bank erosion or apron deployment. The formulation accounts for the regularly repeated processes of slope erosion followed by rock settlement that take place along a receding stream bank. Ideas used to develop the model are based on published results of small‐scale experiments of falling apron behaviour, and on experience that has influenced current design practices. The model is uncomplicated and can be applied without difficulty to evaluate the adequacy of apron thickness, the amount of stone lost during deployment, the effect of rock riprap properties, and the lateral extent of bank erosion before complete slope coverage is established. However, application is limited to river reaches that are not highly curved. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive blind spots in an institutional field
Authors: Ng Desmond , Westgren Randall , Sonka Steven 
Published: November 2008

AbstractUnlike institutional or macro‐cultural explanations of competition, competition need not be viewed as a shared social reality. Instead, competition can be interpreted differently by multiple stakeholders of a value chain. However, due to managerial blind spots, such various interpretations of competition are less than apparent to management. Yet explanations of such blind spots are not well documented. Hence, to explain such blind spots, a conceptual model based on overconfidence biases is developed in which managers develop a ‘self‐centered’ view of competition that blinds them from the competitive beliefs of their value chain customers. Differences in competitive beliefs, thus, arise and are argued to contribute to such managerial blind spots. Furthermore, to empirically examine such managerial blind spots, the competitive perceptions held by various members of a swine genetics value chain were surveyed. Through cluster and MANOVA analyses, this study shows that, unlike institutional/macro‐cultural explanations of competition, these members do not share a common consensus of the key attributes and groupings of competition. The implications and contributions of this study are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational calibration of four IEC 61400‐1 extreme external conditions
Authors: Larsen Gunner Chr. , Hansen Kurt S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBased on a set of asymptotic statistical models on closed form this paper presents a rational and consistent calibration of four extreme external conditions defined in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400‐1 standard: extreme operating gust, extreme wind shear, extreme coherent gust with direction change and extreme wind direction change. These four extreme external conditions are used in the definition of six of the IEC 61400‐1 ultimate load cases. The statistical models are based on simple and easily accessible mean wind speed and turbulence characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer. Using the wind climate characteristics prescribed in the IEC 61400‐1 standard as input to the set of statistical models ensures consistency between the specified wind climate and the proposed extreme gust magnitudes. Differences and equalities between the present IEC specifications and proposed specifications of the magnitudes of the extreme external wind conditions are highlighted and discussed using an illustrative example based on two selected terrain types. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Database for validation of design load extrapolation techniques
Authors: Moriarty Patrick 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExtrapolation techniques used for predicting long‐term wind turbine loads have produced highly variable loading estimates dependent on the individual designer implementation. To reduce such variability, more precise definition and validation of these techniques are necessary. As part of a wider effort to test loads extrapolation techniques used in wind turbine design, two data sets were created. The first data set was created as an example typical of what designers use to extrapolate loads according to wind turbine design standards. The second data set was a series of year‐long simulations that could be used to quantify the accuracy of extrapolation methods. Due to the large number of simulations, care was taken not to reproduce random samplings in individual time series. Additionally, a grid computing architecture was used to run the simulations in a reasonable time frame. The wind speeds where loads were highest were identified, which varied with loading type. The identification of dominant wind speeds is important to ensure an adequate number of simulations at such speeds, which often influence extrapolated loads. In‐plane loads and deflections tended to be dominated by high wind speeds near cut‐out wind speed. Out‐of‐plane loads and deflections were most influenced by winds that were near the rated wind speed. Some loads were influenced by a range of wind speeds. The loads dominated by high wind speeds had greater variability in the extreme values, which could be a reflection of the greatly varying wind and also greater sensitivity to higher energy content of the wind at such speeds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ensemble‐based probabilistic forecasting at Horns Rev
Authors: Pinson Pierre , Madsen Henrik 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFor management and trading purposes, information on short‐term wind generation (from a few hours to a few days ahead) is crucial at large offshore wind farms, since they concentrate a large capacity at a single location. The most complete information that can be provided today consists of probabilistic forecasts, the resolution of which may be maximized by using meteorological ensemble predictions as input. The paper concentrates on the test case of the Horns Rev wind farm over a period of approximately 1 year, in order to describe, apply and discuss a complete ensemble‐based probabilistic forecasting methodology. In a first stage, ensemble forecasts of meteorological variables are converted to power through a suitable power curve model. This model employs local polynomial regression, and is adaptively estimated with an orthogonal fitting method. The obtained ensemble forecasts of wind power are then converted into predictive distributions with an original adaptive kernel dressing method. The shape of the kernels is driven by a mean‐variance model, the parameters of which are recursively estimated in order to maximize the overall skill of obtained predictive distributions. Such a methodology has the benefit of yielding predictive distributions that are of increased reliability (in a probabilistic sense) in comparison with the raw ensemble forecasts, at the same time taking advantage of their high resolution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogel mediated delivery of trophic factors for neural repair
Authors: Katz Joshua S. , Burdick Jason A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNeurotrophins have been implicated in a variety of diseases and their delivery to sites of disease and injury has therapeutic potential in applications including spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Biodegradable polymers, and specifically, biodegradable water‐swollen hydrogels, may be advantageous as delivery vehicles for neurotrophins because of tissue‐like properties, tailorability with respect to degradation and release behavior, and a history of biocompatibility. These materials may be designed to degrade via hydrolytic or enzymatic mechanisms and can be used for the sustained delivery of trophic factors in vivo. Hydrogels investigated to date include purely synthetic to purely natural, depending on the application and intended release profiles. Also, flexibility in material processing has allowed for the investigation of injectable materials, the development of scaffolding and porous conduits, and the use of composites for tailored molecule delivery profiles. It is the objective of this review to describe what has been accomplished in this area thus far and to remark on potential future directions in this field. Ultimately, the goal is to engineer optimal biomaterials to deliver molecules in a controlled and dictated manner that can promote regeneration and healing for numerous neural applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
Mesoporous silica‐based nanomaterials for drug delivery: evaluation of structural properties associated with release rate
Authors: Strømme Maria , Brohede Ulrika , Atluri Rambabu , Garcia‐Bennett Alfonso E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe present here a study of the controlled release of amino acid‐derived amphiphilic molecules from the internal pore structure of mesoporous nanoparticle drug delivery systems with different structural properties, namely cubic and hexagonal structures of various degrees of complexity. The internal pore surface of the nanomaterials presented has been functionalised with amine moieties through a one‐pot method. Release profiles obtained by conductivity measurements are interpreted in terms of specific structural and textural parameters of the porous nanoparticles, such as pore geometry and connectivity. Results indicate that diffusion coefficients are lower by as much 4 orders of magnitude in two‐dimensional structures in comparison to three‐dimensional mesoporous solids. A fast release in turn is observed from mesocaged materials AMS‐9 and AMS‐8, where the presence of structural defects is thought to lead to a slightly lower diffusion coefficient in the latter. We conclude that the use of single or mixed phases of these porous systems can be utilized to provide sustained release over long time periods and expect their use in a variety of formulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease
Optical nanoparticle sensors for quantitative intracellular imaging
Authors: Lee Yong‐Eun Koo , Kopelman Raoul 
Published: November 2008

AbstractReal‐time measurements of biological/chemical/physical processes, with no interferences, are an ultimate goal for in vivo intracellular studies. To construct intracellular biosensors that meet such a goal, nanoparticle (NP) platforms seem to be most promising, because of their small size and excellent engineerability. This review describes the development of NP‐based opical sensors and their intracellular applications. The sensor designs are classified into two types, based on the sensor structures regarding analyte receptor and signal transducer. Type 1 sensors, with a single component for both receptor and transducer, work by mechanisms similar to those of ‘molecular probes’. Type 2 sensors, with a separate component for receptor and transducer, work by different mechanisms that require the presence of specific NPs. A synergistic increase in optical signal or selectivity has been reported for these second type of NP sensors. With ongoing rapid advances in nanotechnology and instrumentation, these NP systems will soon be capable of sensing at the single‐molecule level, at the point of interest within the living cell, and capable of simultaneously detecting multiple analytes and physical parameters. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Nanoparticle‐based biologic mimetics
Authors: Cliffel David E. , Turner Brian N. , Huffman Brian J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCentered on solid chemistry foundations, biology and materials science have reached a crossroad where bottom‐up designs of new biologically important nanomaterials are a reality. The topics discussed here present the interdisciplinary field of creating biological mimics. Specifically, this discussion focuses on mimics that are developed using various types of metal nanoparticles (particularly gold) through facile synthetic methods. These methods conjugate biologically relevant molecules, e.g., small molecules, peptides, proteins, and carbohydrates, in conformationally favorable orientations on the particle surface. These new products provide stable, safe, and effective substitutes for working with potentially hazardous biologicals for applications such as drug targeting, immunological studies, biosensor development, and biocatalysis. Many standard bioanalytical techniques can be used to characterize and validate the efficacy of these new materials, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Metal nanoparticle–based biomimetics continue to be developed as potential replacements for the native biomolecule in applications of immunoassays and catalysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Prospects and developments in cell and embryo laser nanosurgery
Authors: Kohli Vikram , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRecently, there has been increasing interest in the application of femtosecond (fs) laser pulses to the study of cells, tissues and embryos. This review explores the developments that have occurred within the last several years in the fields of cell and embryo nanosurgery. Each of the individual studies presented in this review clearly demonstrates the nondestructiveness of fs laser pulses, which are used to alter both cellular and subcellular sites within simple cells and more complicated multicompartmental embryos. The ability to manipulate these model systems noninvasively makes applied fs laser pulses an invaluable tool for developmental biologists, geneticists, cryobiologists, and zoologists. We are beginning to see the integration of this tool into life sciences, establishing its status among molecular and genetic cell manipulation methods. More importantly, several studies demonstrating the versatility of applied fs laser pulses have established new collaborations among physicists, engineers, and biologists with the common intent of solving biological problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery
Are There Racial Disparities in Trauma Care?
Authors: Millham Frederick , Jain Nitin B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundA number of recent studies have demonstrated disparity between racial groups in both outcome and processes of trauma care. These were not controlled for the presence of shock.MethodsWe used data from the National Trauma Databank (NTDB) (version 6.0) to evaluate mortality, length of hospital stay, and discharge disposition for patients who suffered gunshot wounds (GSW) or who were drivers in motor vehicle crashes (MVC). Using regression analysis to control for age, gender, first measured systolic blood pressure, geographic region, trauma center verification status, and hospital teaching status, we looked for differences in trauma care outcomes by race as represented in the NTDB.ResultsWe included 235,557 MVC victims and 13,378 GSW victims in our analysis. When potential confounding variables were accounted for, there were no differences in mortality based on race in either group, with the exception that Hispanic motor vehicle drivers suffered higher mortality, OR: 1.72 (95% CI: 1.36, 2.19; p <. 001). Both Blacks and Hispanics had shorter lengths of stay in linear regression models (p <. 001 in both cases) than whites. Blacks and Hispanics were less likely to be discharged home when compared to white patients (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.80–0.86 for Blacks, and OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.50–0.56 for Hispanics). Shock, as reflected by first systolic blood pressure reported, and to a lesser degree, anatomic injury, as measured by Injury Severity Score (ICISS), were much more powerful predictors of outcome than race in all analyses.ConclusionsWe found no mortality differences based on race for GSW. Hispanics have a higher mortality rate for MVC. For both injury types, Blacks and Hispanics had shorter hospital stays and a greater likelihood of transfer to post‐acute care when compared to white patients. Hypotension on admission has a much more significant impact on outcome than race and ethnicity.
Surgical Outcome of Abdominoperineal Resection for Low Rectal Cancer in a Nigerian Tertiary Institution
Authors: Alatise Olusegun I. , Lawal Oladejo O. , Adesunkanmi Abdulrasheed K. , Osasan Stephen A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundRectal cancer is a lifestyle‐related illness with an increasing incidence in all developing countries in the last decade. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) offers a good oncologic clearance for low rectal cancer. The remaining controversies surrounding APR, as it is performed in a tertiary center in Nigeria, involve defining the role the operation plays in the management of existing rectal problems and determining what outcomes can be expected. The present study was aimed at examining the surgical outcomes of APR for low rectal cancers in a Nigerian tertiary institution.Materials and methodsThis single‐institution, retrospective, descriptive study analyzed APR rate, patient sex and age, subsite involvement, the diagnostic process, follow‐up, and survival patterns after treatment of low rectal cancers. The study was conducted at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex Ile‐Ife, Nigeria, between January 1989 and December 2007.ResultsDuring the 18‐year period, 36 patients underwent APR. This accounts for 24.0% of all patients that had low rectal cancer. The age of the patients ranged from 29 years to 74 years (median: 58.9 years). Most of the patients were 60 years of age or older, and the majority were women (55.9%). The median duration of symptoms was 12 months, and all patients sought medical care for bleeding per rectum. Close to 80% of patients had advanced disease at presentation. Postoperatively, 17 patients (50%) had at least one complication and one patient (2.9%) died. Four (11.8%) patients had recurrence of the tumor, and in every case, recurrence occurred within the first year after operation. Operative blood loss (p = 0.006), degree of differentiation of the tumor (p = 0.011), distance from the anal verge (p = 0.033), and operative stage (p = 0.005) were found to significantly affect the outcome of treatment for the patients who underwent APR. The operative stage similarly affected the survival of patients (Mantel Cox = 0.026).ConclusionsDespite the advanced disease of our patients, the outcome of management appears to be comparable with results reported from other centers.