bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MATCHING OF SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES IN RAT FAST‐ AND SLOW‐TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES
Authors: Trinh Huong H , Lamb Graham D 
Published: June 2006

SUMMARY

The twitch characteristics (fast‐twitch or slow‐twitch) of skeletal muscle fibres are determined not only by the contractile apparatus properties of the fibre, but also by the time‐course of Ca2+ release and re‐uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The present study examined, in individual fibres from non‐transforming muscle of the rat, whether particular SR properties are matched to the contractile apparatus properties of the fibre, in particular in the case of fibres with fast‐twitch contractile apparatus located in a slow‐twitch muscle, namely the soleus.
Force was recorded in single, mechanically skinned fibres from extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius, peroneus longus and soleus muscles. Using repeated cycles in which the SR was emptied of all releasable Ca2+ and then reloaded, it was possible to determine the relative amount of Ca2+ present in the SR endogenously, the maximum SR capacity and the rate of Ca2+ loading. The sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca2+ and Sr2+ was used to classify the fibres as fast‐twitch (FT), slow‐twitch (ST) or mixed (< 3% of the fibres examined) and thereby identify the likely troponin C and myosin heavy chain types present.
There was no significant difference in SR properties between the groups of FT fibres obtained from the four different muscles, including soleus. Despite some overlap in the SR properties of individual fibres between the FT and ST groups, the properties of the FT fibres in all four muscles studied were significantly different from those of the ST and mixed fibres.
In general, in FT fibres the SR had a larger capacity and the endogenous Ca2+ content was a relatively lower percentage of maximum compared with ST fibres. Importantly, in terms of their SR properties, FT fibres from soleus muscle more closely resembled FT fibres from other muscles than they did ST fibres from soleus muscle.
EFFECTS OF SUCRALFATE, CIMETIDINE AND RABEPRAZOLE ON MUCOSAL HYDROXYPROLINE CONTENT IN HEALING OF ETHANOL–HCL‐INDUCED GASTRIC LESIONS
Authors: Arisawa Tomiyasu , Shibata Tomoyuki , Kamiya Yoshio , Nagasaka Mitsuo , Nakamura Masakatsu , Fujita Hiroshi , Hasegawa Shin , Harata Masao , Nakamura Masahiko , Mizuno Tamaki , Tahara Tomomitsu , Ohta Yoshiji , Nakano Hiroshi 
Published: June 2006

SUMMARY

No general consensus has been reached on the treatment of acute gastric lesions. The aims of the present study were to clarify the effects of sucralfate, cimetidine and rabeprazole monotherapies and combination therapies on acute gastric lesions from the viewpoint of connective tissue regeneration.
Gastric lesions were experimentally created by the oral administration of 50% ethanol−0.15 mol/L HCl to rats. After 30 min, the anti‐ulcer agents sucralfate (100 mg/kg), cimetidine (20 mg/kg) and rabeprazole (2 mg/kg) were administered separately or in combination and the stomach was excised at different times to measure the level of hydroxyproline in the gastric mucosa and determine lesion index. Immunostaining against prolylhydroxylase was performed on some specimens.
In the control group, lesion index decreased linearly from 30 min after ethanol–HCl administration and the level of mucosal hydroxyproline peaked between 2 and 4 h later. Although sucralfate significantly promoted lesion healing, it had no effect on mucosal hydroxyproline level. Cimetidine suppressed increases in mucosal hydroxyproline and prolonged lesion healing, but these findings were reversed by combining cimetidine and sucralfate. Rabeprazole had no significant effect on lesion healing, but promoted lesion healing in combination with sucralfate. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that prolylhydroxylase was expressed in spindle cells that lined the glandular cells in a boundary area between normal and injured tissues.
Under conditions in which the effects of intragastric pH are minimal, sucralfate is superior to antisecretory agents in promoting the healing of acute gastric lesions.
PERIPHERAL AND CENTRALLY MEDIATED EFFECTS OF INSULIN ON SMALL INTESTINAL TRANSIT IN HEALTHY MICE
Authors: Peddyreddy MK , Rao KR 
Published: June 2006

SUMMARY

Insulin is the drug of choice in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Approximately 76% of diabetic patients suffer from gastrointestinal disorders. An important area of investigating the inherent effect of insulin on small intestinal transit (SIT) remains unexplored. Hence, the present study was planned to investigate the effects of insulin (2 × 10−6, 2 × 10−3 and 2 U/kg) on small intestinal transit following two different routes of administration in healthy animals.
Insulin or vehicle was administered subcutaneously or intracerebroventricularly in eight groups of healthy, overnight‐fasted mice. Blood glucose (BG) levels were measured 2 min before insulin administration and at the time coinciding with SIT determination. Small intestinal transit was determined 50 min after insulin administration using the charcoal meal method.
Following subcutaneous administration, the lowest dose of insulin (2 × 10−6 U/kg) produced a significant acceleration in SIT without altering BG levels. However, the highest dose of insulin (2 U/kg) produced an acceleration of SIT that was associated with a significant fall in BG levels.
Following intracerebroventricular administration, the lowest dose of insulin (2 × 10−6 U/kg) attenuated SIT, without producing any alteration in BG levels, but the highest dose (2 U/kg) mimicked the effects seen following subcutaneous administration. Peripherally administered insulin produced significant acceleration of SIT at lower doses (2 × 10−6 or 2 × 10−3 mU/kg) compared with centrally administered insulin at similar doses. However, at the highest dose of insulin (2 U/kg), both routes (s.c. and i.c.v.) produced acceleration of SIT.
In the present study, peripherally and centrally administered insulin at 2 × 10−6 U/kg produced contrasting effects on SIT, without any hypoglycaemia. However, 2 U/kg insulin accelerated SIT similarly following both s.c. and i.c.v. administration that was associated with hypoglycaemia in healthy animals.
Management of intersphincteric abscesses
Authors: Millan M. , García‐Granero E. , Esclápez P. , Flor‐Lorente B. , Espí A. , Lledó S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective  Intersphincteric abscesses are relatively rare, and in some cases of upward extensions in the supralevator plane, can be difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to analyse the type of treatment used in these abscesses.Methods  Twenty‐one intersphincteric abscesses treated by endoanal drainage in our colorectal unit between 1992 and 2004 were reviewed from our database; location and extension of the abscess, type of treatment and recurrence rates and the use of endoanal ultrasound were studied.Results  Ninety per cent of patients were male; 10 had a previous history of surgery for perianal abscess and suppuration (48%); 16 (76%) had a posterior location and five were anterolateral. Twelve patients had low intersphincteric abscesses and were treated by laying open the abscess and dividing the internal sphincter. Nine were found to have high extensions into the intermuscular planes and were treated by staged procedures: a temporary transanal mushroom catheter was used in seven patients. Endoanal ultrasound was used initially in seven patients (33.3%) and for the evaluation of definitive treatment in 11 (52%).Conclusions  Low intersphincteric abscesses should be treated by de‐roofing of the abscess and division of the internal sphincter up to a level of the dentate line. High intersphincteric abscesses are relatively frequent and mostly require staged surgery with a temporary mushroom (de Pezzer) catheter. Accurate anatomical ultrasound localization and proper drainage become important to avoid recurrences or extrasphincteric fistulas.
Extended surgery for local recurrence and advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Sagar P. M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAlthough much effort has been directed at reducing the incidence of local recurrence after surgical resection of rectal cancer, there remain a significant number of patients who will develop local recurrence without evidence of metastatic disease. Such patients, as well as patients with locally advanced rectal cancer at presentation, may represent a surgical challenge. Application of sound surgical principals and team work can lead to a good long term outcome. This paper sets out to discuss the philosophy and techniques involved in the surgical management of such patients.
A Hierarchical Topology‐Based Model for Handling Complex Indoor Scenes
Authors: Fradin D. , Meneveaux D. , Lienhardt P. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract This paper presents a topology‐based representation dedicated to complex indoor scenes. It accounts for memory management and performances during modelling, visualization and lighting simulation. We propose to enlarge a topological model (called generalized maps) with multipartition and hierarchy. Multipartition allows the user to group objects together according to semantics. Hierarchy provides a coarse‐to‐fine description of the environment. The topological model we propose has been used for devising a modeller prototype and generating efficient data structure in the context of visualization, global illumination and 1 GHz wave propagation simulation. We presently handle buildings composed of up to one billion triangles.
Anti‐aliasing with Stratified B‐spline Filters of Arbitrary Degree
Authors: Gamito Manuel N. , Maddock Steve C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA simple and elegant method is presented to perform anti‐aliasing in raytraced images. The method uses stratified sampling to reduce the occurrence of artefacts in an image and features a B‐spline filter to compute the final luminous intensity at each pixel. The method is scalable through the specification of the filter degree. A B‐spline filter of degree one amounts to a simple anti‐aliasing scheme with box filtering. Increasing the degree of the B‐spline generates progressively smoother filters. Computation of the filter values is done in a recursive way, as part of a sequence of Newton‐Raphson iterations, to obtain the optimal sample positions in screen space. The proposed method can perform both anti‐aliasing in space and in time, the latter being more commonly known as motion blur. We show an application of the method to the ray casting of implicit procedural surfaces.
A Comparative Evaluation of Metrics for Fast Mesh Simplification
Authors: Matias van Kaick Oliver , Pedrini Hélio 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Triangle mesh simplification is of great interest in a variety of knowledge domains, since it allows manipulation and visualization of large models, and it is the starting point for the design of many multiresolution representations. A crucial point in the structure of a simplification method is the definition of an appropriate metric for guiding the decimation process, with the purpose of generating low error approximations at different levels of resolution. This paper proposes two new alternative metrics for mesh simplification, with the aim of producing high‐quality results with reduced execution time and memory usage, and being simple to implement. A set of different established metrics is also described and a comparative evaluation of these metrics against the two new metrics is performed. A single implementation is used in the experiments, in order to enable the evaluation of these metrics independently from other simplification aspects. Results obtained from the simplification of a number of models, using the different metrics, are compared.
Interactive Multiresolution Editing and Display of Large Terrains
Authors: Atlan Samuel , Garland Michael 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn recent years, many systems have been developed for the real‐time display of very large terrains. While many of these techniques combine high‐quality rendering with impressive performance, most make the fundamental assumption that the terrain is represented by a fixed height map that cannot be altered at run time. Such systems frequently rely on extensive preprocessing of the raw terrain data. They are mostly designed for maximum performance. Consequently, these techniques are ill‐suited for the many applications such as geological simulations and games in which terrain surfaces must be altered interactively.We present a two‐component system that can achieve real‐time view‐dependent rendering while allowing on‐line multiresolution alterations of a large terrain. Our fundamental height map representation is a wavelet quadtree hierarchy, allowing one to easily apply arbitrary multiresolution edits to the terrain. Our display algorithm extracts a view‐dependent approximation of the terrain from the wavelet quadtree in real time. The algorithm dynamically alters this approximation based on any ongoing edits. To allow for flexibility and to limit performance loss, the two components of this system have been designed to be as independent as possible.
Verification of Physically Based Rendering Algorithms
Authors: Ulbricht Christiane , Wilkie Alexander , Purgathofer Werner 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Within computer graphics, the field of predictive rendering is concerned with those methods of image synthesis that yield results that do not only look real, but are also radiometrically correct renditions of nature, i.e. which are accurate predictions of what a real scene would look like under given lighting conditions. In order to guarantee the correctness of the results obtained by such techniques, three stages of such a rendering system have to be verified with particular care: the light reflection models, the light transport simulation and the perceptually based calculations used at display time. In this report, we will concentrate on the state of the art with respect to the second step in this chain. Various approaches for experimental verification of the implementation of a physically based rendering system have been proposed so far. However, the problem of proving that the results are correct is not fully solved yet, and no standardized methodology is available. We give an overview of existing literature, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the described methods and illustrate the unsolved problems. We also briefly discuss the related issue of image quality metrics.
AN INTERFAITH WISDOM: SCRIPTURAL REASONING BETWEEN JEWS, CHRISTIANS AND MUSLIMS
Authors: FORD DAVID F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe origins of scriptural reasoning, in which Jews, Christians and Muslims study their scriptures in conversation with each other, are described. Some maxims implicit in its form of Abrahamic collegiality are distilled (including the emphasis on friendship rather than consensus) and its institutional setting is analysed under the headings of House (synagogue, church, mosque), campus (university) and tent (settings where scriptural reasoning is practised). The attempt to cope with the superabundance of meaning in the scriptures is explored in terms of doing justice to the plain sense and other senses, using various theoretical conceptualities, and seeking wisdom together, concluding with remarks on scriptural reasoning in the public sphere.
MAKING DEEP REASONINGS PUBLIC
Authors: ADAMS NICHOLAS 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis essay makes six claims about the practice of scriptural reasoning. Scriptural reasoning does not try to ground its own possibility. It approaches metaphysics as an account of what is taken to be true, not as a means to demonstrate necessary truths. It relies on luck. It models a practice of learning traditions' languages. It promotes friendship above consensus and agreement. It is a practice of making deep reasonings public. In summary, scriptural reasoning is reparative reasoning which addresses the acute needs of today's society while seeming to refuse certain imperatives that often accompany the academy's approach to those needs.
HEAVENLY SEMANTICS: SOME LITERARY‐CRITICAL APPROACHES TO SCRIPTURAL REASONING
Authors: QUASH BEN 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis essay i) shows how certain key virtues of the practice of Scriptural Reasoning (SR) offer correctives to a mode of western rationality that regards itself as “supra‐traditional” and universally valid; and ii) illuminates those virtues with the help of literary theory which shares SR's concern with how texts and their interpretation affect possibilities for human life in any given context. It identifies four “marks” of SR (particularity, provisionality, sociality and surprise) and works with three conversation partners who use literary theory (Hans Urs von Balthasar, Mikhail Bakhtin and John Beer), to offer a positive account of SR's traditioned, critically imaginative character.
SCRIPTURAL REASONING AND THE FORMATION OF IDENTITY
Authors: TICCIATI SUSANNAH 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis essay seeks to give a Christian rationale for the practice of Scriptural Reasoning by exploring how it might constitute a locus for the formation of Christian identity. It argues for an understanding of the universality of the Christian biblical story, not in terms of conceptual resolution, according to which all others are inscribed into its universe, but in terms of its call to transformation and conversion—engendered, first and foremost, by Scripture's resistance to interpretation. It contends that such resistance finds indispensable embodiment in the resistance of others to inscription within its universe, and suggests that the others who present the most timely challenge to Christian thinking about universality today are Jews and Muslims.
PHILOSOPHIC WARRANTS FOR SCRIPTURAL REASONING
Authors: OCHS PETER 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAddressing readers who are already acquainted with the practices of Scriptural Reasoning (SR), this essay offers a logical strategy for warranting and testing such practices as well as all postmodern criticisms of modern inquiry. The strategy is to distinguish the logic of suffering, which is reducible to the binary terms of propositional logic, from the logic of repair, which is not. The essay argues that, if reduced to such binary terms, efforts at repair become inadvertent acts of oppression, or acts that produce suffering. The essay concludes that postmodern and postliberal theorists become inadvertent oppressors when their attempts to repair modern inquiry are presented through propositional logics. The practice of SR should be irreducible to such logics.
SCRIPTURAL REASONING AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
Authors: KOSHUL BASIT BILAL 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis essay explores of the relationship between religion and science using Max Weber's insights into the philosophy of social science, C. S. Peirce's philosophy of religion and the Qur’anic treatment of material reality. The Weber‐Peirce‐Qur’an conversation opens up the possibility of a (social) scientific affirmation of religion and a religious affirmation of science. Scriptural Reasoning (SR) has already demonstrated that it is capable of creating “mutual ground” between the different religious traditions. This exploration of the exchange between SR and the social sciences suggests that SR has the potential of contributing to the creation of mutual ground between the religious traditions and the “secular” academy.
THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF SCRIPTURE: PATTERNS OF RECEPTION AND DISCOVERY BEHIND SCRIPTURAL REASONING
Authors: FLOOD GAVIN D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWhile there are fundamental problems concerning the scientific or objective aspirations of a descriptive phenomenology of religion, a second level or hermeneutical phenomenology raises theologically and philosophically interesting questions about the nature of scripture across traditions and contributes to a semiotically informed understanding that takes seriously both external, text‐historical scholarship and internal theological concerns. I wish therefore to raise questions within a hermeneutical phenomenology (or second level phenomenology) and to move from there to a semiotics of scripture; a move necessitated by those very questions. Indeed, one route to Scriptural Reasoning is by way of a phenomenological questioning that requires a non‐teleological, textual engagement of the kind performed in Scriptural Reasoning.
READING WITH OTHERS: LEVINAS’ ETHICS AND SCRIPTURAL REASONING
Authors: GIBBS ROBERT 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis essay explores different frameworks for learning, progressing from a relatively basic model of acquiring information through first linguistic models, and then through social interaction, leading to textual practices, and culminating with reading with others from other traditions. For this sequence there is a parallel one concerning kinds of reasoning (and the relevant sciences). But the essay focuses on providing the best account of ethical responsibility for each practice of learning: the greater the social complexity and the respect for otherness, the richer the account of the ethics of learning.
Transformation of the pectoral girdle in the evolutionary origin of frogs: insights from the primitive anuran Discoglossus
Authors: Havelková Pavla , Roček Zbyněk 
Published: June 2006

AbstractUsing cleared‐and‐stained whole mounts and computer‐aided three‐dimensional reconstructions made from serial histological sections, we studied the development of the pectoral girdle in Discoglossus pictus, an extant member of an ancient frog lineage, represented for example by Eodiscoglossus from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous periods in Europe. Basic developmental features were compared with those of extinct Temnospondyli, considered to be the most probable anuran ancestors, and with Triadobatrachus, an early Triassic proanuran. In the endochondral girdle, the separate scapula and coracoid of Discoglossus and other anurans (completed by suprascapular and procoracoid cartilages) evolved from the compact scapulocoracoid of temnospondyls by paedomorphosis. In parallel, the dermal ossifications of the girdle were reduced to a small clavicle and cleithrum. The overall reduction in ossification of the anuran pectoral girdle supports the hypothesis of a paedomorphic origin for Anura. The almost simultaneous appearance of dermal and endochondral ossifications may be explained by the accumulation of developmental events during a short, distinct metamorphosis (which did not occur in neotenic temnospondyls living permanently in water). The sternal elements seem to be neomorphs for the most part, which help to cushion the shock of landing in jumping anurans but which also evolved as functional substitutes (insertion area for the pectoralis muscles) of the temnospondyl interclavicle.