bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The safety and efficacy of intra-nasal ethmoidectomy
Authors: Watson D. J. , Griffiths M. V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEach of the three types of ethmoidectomy: intra-nasal, trans-antral and external, has its supporters and detractors who argue about the efficacy and safety of the procedures. One hundred and five ethmoidec-tomies for nasal polyps are reviewed retrospectively. Regardless of the approach used, approximately half of these had recurrence of polyps and some patients had several revision operations. There were six complications specific to the surgery. None was serious but most occurred with external ethmoidectomy. The limitations of ethmoidectomy for nasal polyps, the reasons for the good safety record and the best means of training juniors in the procedures are discussed.
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: (A nine-year experience)
Authors: Tandon D. A. , Bahadur S. , Kacker S. K. , Goulatia R. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a nine-year period 50 nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, of whom 13 had recurrent tumour, were treated surgically at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. A new staging system according to the regions involved was used; 31 patients in whom the tumour was limited to the nasopharynx (Stage I) and those with superior spread into the ethmoid or sphenoid sinuses (Stage IIA) had their tumours removed by a transpalatal route, alone or in combination with other approaches. Tumours with lateral extensions into the pterygopalatine or infratemporal fossae or the cheek (Stage IIB), and those with simultaneous superior and lateral spread (Stage HI) underwent a transmaxillary excision (19 cases). In two of the three cases with intracranial extension (Stage IV), the tumour was removed successfully from below. There was no mortality. The usefulness of the transmaxillary approach, especially in recurrent cases, is emphasized. No adjuvant modalities were employed in this series and blood loss was acceptable.
Post-tonsillectomy analgesia: The use of benzocaine lozenges
Authors: Dempster J. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTonsillectomy frequently results in a significant degree of post-operative pain. Conventional management consists of the administration of intra-muscular opiates prior to the commencement of oral analgesia and is often inadequate, producing variable levels of pain relief.One of the recommended uses of benzocaine lozenges is the relief of throat discomfort following tonsillectomy, but there are no clinical trials to support this claim. Therefore, a prospective placebo controlled trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of benzocaine lozenges (10 mg.) with standard oral analgesia in the management of post-operative pain following tonsillectomy in an adult population.Consecutive patients undergoing elective tonsillectomy were randomised to receive either benzocaine lozenges (10 mg.) or placebo. Intake of supplementary oral analgesia was recorded, and the level of postoperative pain was assessed by use of a visual linear analogue scale. There was no significant difference in analgesic intake or pain severity as measured by linear analogue between the two groups.These results suggest that there is no benefit in administering benzocaine lozenges for the relief of post-tonsillectomy pain, and its use in this situation cannot be recommended.
Haemolytic streptococcus infection of chronic maxillary sinusitis An immunological study using the skin window test
Authors: Toppozada H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe SWT was performed on 30 patients with chronic haemolytic streptococcus maxillary sinusitis, and 5 controls with no streptococcus in their nose and throat. Foreign and patient's own organism were used as antigen. The lymphoblastic transformation was higher in control streptococcus free patients than in chronic maxillary sinusitis, more when using foreign than patient's own organism. The failure of cellular immune response as a contributary factor tochronicity of maxillary sinusitis is discussed. The possible value of prepared foreign streptococcus vaccine in prevention and treatment ismentioned.
Non-Hodgkin's extranodal lymphoma: a clinico-pathological study of 24 cases involving head and neck sites
Authors: Wallace Colin , Ramsay Alan D. , Quiney Robert E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of of 24 patients wtih a documented diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's extranodal lymphoma (ENL) involving head and neck sites (excluding the cranial cavity) has been studied. In view of recent advances in the diagnosis of lymphoma, a retrospective histopathological review has been undertaken to place all patients in standardized classifications for morphology (the working formulation) and immunology (Kiel). This resulted in a change of diagnosis from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in four. The histopathology of these four cases, and the implication of such changed diagnoses are discussed. Of the 20 patients confirmed as having non-Hodgkin's ENL, 16 had primary ENL and four had an ENL focus secondary to disease elsewhere. Three patients in this series had an initial diagnosis made of another malignancy, but histopathological review prior to treatment changed the diagnosis to ENL. Details of presentation, pretreatment evaluation, immunohistochemistry, treatment and course have been analysed. The principal treatment policy for primary ENL has been radiotherapy. Of the 12 patients who received this treatment ten achieved a complete response (83 per cent). Eight remain free of disease at the time of writing. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy is also considered.
Laryngeal cysts: clinical relevance of a modified working classification
Authors: Ramesar Keith , Albizzati Claudio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLaryngeal cysts from 72 patients were examined and reclassified according to a modified working classification. In this series, 47 patients (66 per cent) had epithelial cysts, 11 patients (15 per cent) oncocytic cysts and 14 patients (19 per cent) tonsillar cysts. Epithelial cysts were commonest in the region of the epiglottis (20/47) and laryngeal ventricle (24/47). Oncocytic cysts tended to lie in the region of the ventricle whereas tonsillar cysts occurred almost exclusively in the valleculae, epiglottis and pyriform region (13/14).The authors conclude that the modified working classification of laryngeal cysts is easy to apply, of clinical relevance, and allows classification of cysts where operative trauma to the specimen obscures the relationship of the cyst to the surface epithelium. The origin and significance of tonsillar cysts are discussed and a relationship to the lympho-epithelial cyst of the oral cavity is suggested.
Impedance screening for otitis media with effusion in Nigerian children
Authors: Ogisi F. O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTympanometry and acoustic reflex tests performed on 431 school children aged five to six years showed that eight per cent of the ears screened had type B or type C tympanograms suggestive of otitis media with effusion (1.2 per cent type B, and 6.8 per cent type C). Preliminary otoscopy revealed tympanic membrane appearances consistant with middle ear effusion in a correspondingly low proportion of ears (7.6 per cent), whilst acoustic reflex screening at 105 dB for three frequencies (0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) showed absent reflexes at one or more frequencies in 8.1 per cent of the ears. The findings indicate a relatively low prevalence of otitis media with effusion in children in Nigeria. Possible contributory factors are discussed.
The nasal valve: a physiological and clinical study
Authors: Jones A. S. , Wight R. G. , Stevens J. C. , Beckingham E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifteen subject underwent nasal pressure gradient studies to determine the resistance profile of the nose. Seventy-nine per cent of nasal resistance to airflow occurred in the segment 0 cm.−2.8 cm. from the posterior margin of the anterior nares. The greater part of this resistance (43 per cent) occurred in the segment 1.5 cm.−2.8 cm. within the nose, and this area approximated to the site of the pyriform aperture.Eighteen patients underwent a trial of radical trimming of the turbinates (12 patients) versus anterior trimming of the inferior turbinates (6 patients). Both operations produced a similar fall in nasal resistance to airflow, confirming that the region of the pyriform aperture was the site of maximum nasal resistance.Whereas the radical operation significantly reduced the sensation of nasal obstruction, the anterior operation did not.The results of the study are discussed with reference to previous work on the subject.
The effects of different fixations on the distribution and numbers of mast cells in patients with nasal polyps
Authors: Drake-Lee A. B. , Chevreton E. , Lowe D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMast cells in rats have been categorized into mucosal and connective tissue mast cells by properties which include their fixation characteristics and their distribution in tissues. There are a number of factors which make his classification unsatisfactory including the variability of fixation, intensity of background staining and the application of animal studies to man. Seasonal allergic reactions in the nose of man occur both in the surface metachromatic cells and in those within the epithelium; the latter are presumed to be mucosal mast cells. The aim of this study was to look at the distribution and the fixation characteristics of mast cells in inferior tubinates and nasal polyps. Both techniques show that cells are more abundant in the submucosa and the fact that Carnoy's fixative shows them better and this may be due to the lack of intensity in the background staining. There is no evidence that mast cells are more frequent in the epithelium. These findings would suggest the nasal polyps are not an allergic disease.
Study of the nasopharynx in man by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Gulisano M. , Polli G. , Biondi G. , Pacini P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo date only few and often disagreeing studies about human nasopharynx are available.The present research has the purpose to give a contribution to the knowledge of nasopharyngeal epithelium using S.E.M The study was carried out on biopsies taken from 20 healthy volunteers.The surface of nasopharynx is covered by ciliated cells, microvilli provided cells and goblet cells.Areas covered with squamous epithelium and presumably transitional epithelium were observed.The possibility that ciliated become microvilli provided cells is discussed.
The role of the carbon dioxide laser in treatment of carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Williams S. Rhys , Carruth J. A. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper present 35 patient with carcinoma of the tongue who have been treated in Southampton using the Carbon laser. The treatment programme for each individual patient was determined by radiotherapists and surgeons in a combined head and neck/oncology clinic. T1 carcinomas were treated by primary laser excision biopsy whereas larger tumours were treated first by conventional radiotherapy unless there was a significant contraindication to this treatment modality.Of 10 patients with T1 lesions nine are alive and well and disease free, but one patient died of other causes with no sign of recurrence. The minimum follow-up period has been two years. Of 25 patients with T2 and T3 lesions treated either before or after radiotherapy, nine are alive and disease-free, eleven died of disease and five patients died of other causes with no evidence of recurrence.
Angiomyolipoma of the nasal cavity
Authors: Dawlatly E. E. , Anim J. T. , El-Hassan A. Y. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractVascular tumours of the nasal cavity are uncommon and are either hamartomas or ture neoplasms, mostly benign. We present an unusual case of angiomyolipoma of the nasal cavity. The harmartomatous lesion is often described in the kidney and may be associated with tuberous sclerosis. To our knowledge, there is no previous report of the lesion in the nasal cavity, and no association with tuberous sclerosis has been demonstrated in this case.
Haemangiopericytoma of the nasal septum
Authors: Al-Khalifa S. , Paulose K. O. , Shenoy P. , Sharma R. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHaemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumour originating from pericytes which are cells surrounding the capillaries. Only 23 cases of haemangiopericytoma arising from the nose and sinuses have been reported in the literature, of which three are from the nasal septum. We are pleased to report one more case.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx a case with recurrence of tumour after 20 years
Authors: Wight R. G. , Harris S. C. , shortland J. R. , Shaw J. D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of embryonal (botryoid) rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx originally occurring in a two year old male, with late recurrence in the neck 20 years after treatment by combined surgery and radiotherapy is presented. The histological diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, and the significance of late recurrence are discussed.
Repair of tympanic membrane perforations using hyaluronic acid: An alternative to myringoplasty
Authors: Stenfors Lars-Eric 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifteen dry, small or medium-sized tympanic membrane perforations were treated by local application of 1 per cent hyaluronic acid after excision of the perforation rim. The duration of the perforations ranged from two months to ten years. Fourteen of the perforations were covered within 15±7.4 (S. D.) days and 5 ± 2.4 (S.D.) applications were needed to achieve closure. Hyaluronic acid treatment of dry tympanic membrane perforations not exceeding one quadrant seems to be an alternative to surgical myringoplasty.
Localized middle ear effusions: Three unusual acute cases in adults
Authors: Parker D. A. , Reid A. P. , Patel P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree cases of acute, non-suppurative otitis media in adults are described. They are unusual in that the effusion was confined to the upper middle ear, whilst the lower middle ear was aerated. The aetiology of such localized effusions, is probably related to the anatomy of the middle ear compartments, the mucosal folds forming them and the apertures allowing communication between them. The compartments are relatively constant and are a result of the embryological development of the middle ear. The localization of these effusions, demonstrates the segmental anatomy of the middle ear.
Carbohydrate content of the endolymphatic sac. A histochemical and lectin-labelling study in the mongolian gerbil
Authors: Barbara M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA secretory activity has recently been attributed to the endolymphatic sac (ES), as a possible way to contribute to the fluid balance of the entire endolymphatic compartment. Previous histochemical studies have indicated the existence of carbohydrate complexes in the secretory product, both neutral and acidic in nature.A thorough analysis of these compounds in the gerbilline ES was carried out using both transmission electron microscopic (TEM) histochemistry, using dialyzed iron and periodic acid—chromic—silver staining techniques, as well as immunoflourescence with fluorescein-labelled lectins (FITC-lectins).N-acetylglucosamine was found to be one of the major carbodhydrate components both of the epithelial layer of the ES and of the luminal precipitate. Proofs for a local secretory activity and its intracellular pathway are presented, suggesting to be involved in the regulation of pressure and volume of inner ear fluids.
Effect of weather conditions on acute laryngotracheitis
Authors: Fielder C. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the incidence of croup in the Swansea area and to determine whether meteorological factors have any effect on the incidence of acute laryngotracheitis requiring hospitalization.447 patients with a diagnosis of acute viral croup were admitted to the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Singleton Hospital, Swansea, between January 1st 1980 and December 31st 1984.There was no significant difference between days with and without croup admissions, with respect to barometric pressure or relative humidity. Maximum and minimum temperatures were significantly lower on days with croup admissions (p>0.001).Wind direction appeared to influence the number of admissions, which were increased when the wind was from the south-east (p>0.01).
Breast metastasis from a pharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Nunez D. A. , Sutherland C. G. C. , Sood R. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe reported incidence of metastatic disease in head and neck cancer is increasing. The most common site of metastatic involvement in squamous carcinoma of the head and neck is the lung followed by liver, mediastinal nodes and bone. The breast is rarely infiltrated by metastatic disease, 2 per cent or less of clinically detected breast lumps being of nonmammary origin, most frequently malignant melanoma, lymphoma/leukaemia and primary lung carcinoma.A 73-year-old female presented with a primary posterior pharyngeal wall squamous carcinoma and bilateral enlarged neck nodes. She developed an isolated breast metastasis while receiving palliative radiotherapy and died seven months after presentation.Clinically detected breast metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was first documented by Toombs and Kalisher in 1977. This is the first report of such a case originating in the posterior pharyngeal wall. The prognosis is invariably poor.
Bifid uvula: Prevalence and association in otitis media with effustion inchildren admitted for routing otolaryngological operations
Authors: Rivron R. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOver a six month period, 709 children admitted for routine ENT operations were surveyed with regard to the presence of a bifid uvula as seen whilst under a general anaesthetic. The prevalence was found to be 7.5 per cent (53:709) which is higher than other published figures for a Caucasian population. There was a statistically significant male predominance (2.5:1). Comparision between those children found to have otitis media with effusion at operation and those having dry myringotomies, or operations not including myringotomy, revealed a similar prevalence of bifid uvula. Thus, this data does not support the hypothesis that bifid uvula as a microform of cleft palate is associated with an increased incidence of otitis media with effusion.
Ethmoidal mucocoeles in children
Authors: Timon C. I. , O'Dwyer T. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChildren presenting with ethmoidal mucocoeles are rare. Five children are presented with such findings, and the diagnosis, treatment and possible aetiology discussed.C. T. scanning was found to be the investigation of choice, while plain sinus X-rays correlated poorly with the presence of disease. Exenteration through an external approach was found to be satisfactory. In two cases drainage obstruction due to congenital abnormality was thought to be the underlying cause, while in four cases there was a strong history of atopy, indicating allergy as a possible reason for mucocoele formation.
Rare case of obscure haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract (epiglottis).
Authors: Manni J. J. , Schaafsma H. E. , Westerbeek G. F. , Yap S. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn exceptional case of obscure bleeding in the upper digestive tract caused by an arteriovenous haemangioma of the epiglottis is presented. The clinical details and surgical findings are described.
The ENT consultation: A prospective study of the doctor's and the patient's perceptions
Authors: Sim D. W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this prospective study of 126 patients attending the ENT outpatient clinic the doctor's and the patient's perception of the consultation were evaluated by questionnaire; 96 patients completed the questionnaire correctly. The results were analysed by scattergram plot and Wilcoxon's matched-pair signed ranks test. There was a statistically significant difference between the doctor's and the patient's perception of the ‘history’ (p<0.01) and the ‘explanation of diagnosis and treatment’ (p<0.05) in the consultation. There was no statistically significant difference between the doctor's and the patient's perception of the ‘examination’ in the consultation. The results are discussed.
Bacteriology of chronic otitis media with effusion
Authors: Diamond C. , Sisson P. R. , Kearns A. M. , Ingham H. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSamples of middle ear effusions from 102 children with serous and mucoid otitis media were cultured for mycoplasmas and bacteria. No sample yielded mycoplasmas but bacteria were cultured from 48 (47 per cent). Organisms commonly regarded as pathogens were present in 25 samples (Haemophilus influenzae17,Streptococcus pneumoniaefour, other streptococci four). The only sample from which anaerobic bacteria were isolated was from a patient with cholesteatoma.
Nasopharyngeal bacterial flora before and after adenoidectomy
Authors: Talaat A. M. , Bahgat Y. S. , El-Ghazzawy E. , Elwany S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifty patients (23 males and 27 females), with chronically hypertrophied and infected adenoids were subjected to adenoidectomy. Pre- and post-operative nasopharyngeal swabs were taken to study bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx both quantitatively and qualitatively. Twenty healthy controls were included in this study. The swabs were cultured on MacConkey's and Columbia blood agar plates. The rate of isolation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms decreased markedly following operation, while normal inhabitant organisms showed notable increase in their numbers post-operatively to reach a near normal level. It is concluded from this work that adenoidectomy produces a physiological effect on the nasopharyngeal microflora by conversion of an abnormal flora to a nearly normal one.
Kaposi's sarcoma of the head and neck in patients with AIDS
Authors: Stafford N. D. , Herdman R. C. D. , Forster S. , Munrot A. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOver a 40 month period, 219 patients with AIDS were seen at St. Mary's Hospital, London. Kaposi's sarcoma, one of the criteria for diagnosing the syndrome, was the presenting feature in 62 patients. Eighty four patients developed Kaposi's sarcoma at some stage of their disease and the head and neck region was involved in 56 of them.Although Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely life threatening in AIDS, potential airway obstruction, pain or cosmetic disfigurement may justify treating the lesion. Whilst cutaneous tumours may be managed by using radiotherapy (16 Gray in four fractions over four days), this treatment produces a sever mucositis when used to treat mucosal disease; we, therefore use a combination of vincristine and bleomycin for this.
Wildervanck's syndrome—unilateral Mondini dysplasia identified by computed tomography
Authors: West P. D. B. , Gholkar A. , Ramsden R. T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present a case of the Wildervanck (cervico-oculo-acoustic) syndrome exhibiting congenital deafness, Klippel-Feil anomaly and lateral rectus palsy with enophthalmos. Audiometry indicated a predominantly conductive loss which, because of masking difficulties, was assumed to be bilateral: an erroneous assumption supported by results of conventional petrous bone tomography which failed to demonstrate any abnormality of the inner ears. Computed tomography (CT), however, revealed a severe Mondini dysplasia of one ear, a condition which must be assumed to be associated with severe sensorineural hearing loss. Reconstructive middle ear surgery for the conductive loss on the other side was therefore contraindicated.