bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pterygium – A clinicopathologic study
Authors: Lodhi Sikander A K , Katikaneni Priyanka , Dogga Sirisha , Pallam Aishwarya 
Published: March 2024

To correlate histopathologic features with clinical types of pterygia that may influence the management strategies. Prospective clinico-pathological study. This study was conducted at Malla Reddy Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, affiliated to Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, between June 2020 and February 2022. This study comprised of 52 eyes with primary pterygium that underwent surgical excision followed by a graft. Clinical features of the pterygia like their dimensions over the ocular surface, redness (congestion), fleshiness (assessed by amount of concealment of episcleral vessels) and flattening of Plica Semilunaris were evaluated. Excised pterygia were evaluated for histopatologic characteristics like vascularity, leucocyte infiltration, subepithelial and stromal fibrosis and leucocyte infiltraton. The dimensions of the pterygium were positively correlated with the extent of redness and fleshiness. Plica semilunaris was flattened correlating with the length and width of the pterygium. Vascular density and stromal elastosis were reflected clinically in significant fleshiness of the pterygium. Histopathology, with morphological and clinical characteristics, forms the basis of the assessment of the evolution and the growth of perygium. The clinical nature of the perygium is correlated with histopathological variables.
Clinical study of esodeviations in children
Authors: Addagarla Suresh Ramanarao 
Published: March 2024

Esotropia or convergent strabismus is a common type of squint in children. The esodeviation, the refractive error and the amblyopia should be examined and treated early to achieve good cosmetic correction and to improve Visual acuity.A meticulous history of 25 children up to age of 12 years who presented with esodeviations was taken including the age of onset, duration and previous treatment. They were examined for amount and type of deviation by cover test, hirschberg corneal reflex test, Prism bar cover test and evaluated for refractive error under full cycloplegic correction, for Binocular Single Vision, diplopia, suppression and amblyopia by Worth four-dot test and RAF ruler. Ocular movements and fundus findings were recorded.11 male and 14 female children with esodeviations with age of presentation varying from 9 months to 12 years were evaluated for type of esotropia. In our study the most common type seen in 12 cases (48%) is refractive accommodative esotropia with high hypermetropia. Non-refractive accommodative esotropia greater for near with high AC/A ratio in 5 patients (20%), Partially accommodative (mixed) esotropia in 2 cases, acquired non-accommodative esotropia seen in 2 patients. 1 case each is seen in Infantile esotropia, in Sensory esotropia, in child with Duane’s retraction syndrome (DRS) and in child having cerebral visual impairment (CVI).Our study aimed to diagnose and manage the various types of esodeviations at an early age so as to maintain binocular alignment and a good Visual acuity to avoid progression to amblyopia.
Assessment of ocular hygiene and compliance among contact lens users during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mathukumalli Sumalath Sai Keerthi , Sreenivas Srila 
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of contact lens users among medical students and professionals in a tertiary hospital regarding eye hygiene and access to Ophthalmological medical services in the pandemic.After obtaining consent, a Questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 months among 102 candidates including medical professionals and students in a tertiary hospital using Contact lenses. Chi-square statistics was used to analyze categorical variables, considering p-value&#60;0.05 as statistically significant.83 users (81.37%) reported that their contact lens usage has reduced particularly during the pandemic, of whom 55 users (66.26%) stated to have had a fear of being more susceptible to COVID-19’. A significant number of users (n=35; p value=0.0015) even consider that it is necessary for contact lens users to switch to spectacles. A significant number of users (42 users; 41.18%) have confessed to touching their faces and eyes without proper hand washing. Only 16 participants (15.69%) were aware of the guidelines for contact lens usage and only 30 users (29.41%) availed tele-health services.The existence of poor Contact lens compliance amongst users as reflected by this study and many alike highlights the responsibility of Ophthalmologists to make sure that proper practices are maintained by increasing awareness among the public by addressing their fears and explaining the detrimental effects of unhygienic contact lens usage.
Association of serum lipid level with age related cataract in north western Rajasthan
Authors: Gupta Manmohan , Manoher J. M , Chauhan Anil , Mangawa Vijay Singh , Joshi Gaurav , Halwai Devanshi 
Published: March 2024

: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether serum lipids levels are associated with incidence and type of age related cataract (ARC).: This was a analytical observational study conducted at Department of Ophthalmology of S.P. Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. A random sample size of 200 subjects who met the inclusion criteria was recruited.: Data were analyzed and statistically evaluated using SPSS-PC-25 version.In the present study we found that mean age for control group was 50.84 years and 60.91 years for case group. In control group 69% male patients were seen while in case group 53% male patients were present. The mean Serum CHO level was found to be 204.66 ± 50.76 mg/dl in control subjects and it was found to be 226.63 ± 59.63 mg/dl in the subjects with age-related cataract (ARC). The mean Serum TG level was found to be 113.70 ± 59.92 mg/dl in control subjects and it was found to be 149.35 ± 68.12mg/dl in the subjects with age-related cataract (ARC). The mean Serum HDL level was found to be 58.65 ± 15.25 mg/dl in control subjects and it was found to be 53.12 ± 11.28 mg/dl in the subjects with age-related cataract (ARC). Our study found association between serum lipid profiles with age related cataract in the population. Our findings indicate a need for health promotional activities and health care access for controlling this modifiable factor among the ageing population of the country.
An interventional study on awareness, knowledge and services provided for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma by optometrists in primary healthcare centre of Kolar district
Authors: Darshan S M  , Jayakumar Sangeetha , Bindumalini M  , Soumya H V  , Prabhu Pratheek , Shivarama Poojitha 
Published: March 2024

Aim of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge services provided for glaucoma among optometrists at primary health care.A cross-sectional questionnaire based study involving 36 Optometrists from Primary Healthcare Centre and government hospitals of Kolar and Chikkaballapur district, who participated in the ‘World Glaucoma awareness program’. The responses were compiled and analyzed for each category of questions using paired t test.Out of 36 participants 31 (86.11%) were males and 5 (13.89%) were females with an average age of 39.42+10.5 years and average duration of service in PHC/CHC/Taluk Hospital was 14.08 years. Among them 88.9% were aware about glaucoma being a disease due to increased intra ocular pressure (IOP). Although 69.4% knew that it leads to irreversible blindness, 75% were unaware of the symptoms that glaucoma presents with. 53% were unaware of the normal IOP of the eye and 41.7% the test to detect the same. 33.3% of hospitals had Shiotz tonometer but only 22.2% were aware of testing the IOP and peripheral visual field for diagnosing glaucoma. 61.1% were not familiar with any antiglaucoma drug and 52.8% about the duration of treatment. Post-test analysis was statistically significant with respect to the Awareness, Knowledge and Services (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001).This study reveals the lacunae and highlights the importance of routine eye examination of rural population by Optometrists for early detection of glaucoma through improved services and timely referral to Ophthalmologists for further evaluation, thereby reducing the burden of visual impairment.
Transactions of Cryptocurrency in the Perspective of Islamic Finance and Economics
Authors: Batubara Maryam , Tho’in Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

Cryptocurrency is a growing fintech trend frequently encountered in various moderneconomic activities. Therefore, this research aimed to provide knowledge and understanding of cryptocurrency, particularly from the perspective of Islamic finance and economics using secondary data obtained from literature. As a digital financial transaction system, cryptocurrency fundamentally uses relatively new technology. However, the legal nature still needs further examination without constituting a form of violation. In Indonesia, the government has yet to adopt a definitive stance on the presence of cryptocurrency, thereby permitting its usage. The results showed that cryptocurrency investment includes substantially greater risk compared to others due to the inherent challenge of predicting the value. From the perspective of Islamic finance and economics, the transactions are considered to lack clarity in terms of quality and quantity, containing elements of uncertainty (gharar). Moreover, the concept of Bitcoin as a transaction tool is forbidden (haram) by the Indonesian Ulama Council since the project contains uncertainty and does not comply with the existing regulations. The implications of the research emphasize the necessity ofavoiding dubious activities, such as cryptocurrency, as well as transactions leading to higher harm (madharat) compared to benefits, particularly from the perspective of Islamic finance and economics.
Market Concentration, Bank Characteristics, Macroeconomic Conditions, and Indonesian Islamic Bank Financing
Authors: Misanam Munrokhim , Widarjono Agus 
Published: March 2024

As the latest player in the banking market in Indonesia, Islamic banks are not as experienced as their counterpart conventional banks. In addition, the types of Islamic bank financing (loans) are different from conventional bank loans. Our work investigates the determinants of Islamic bank financing in Indonesia. Our concern variables are market concentration, bank fundamentals, and macroeconomic conditions, including Covid-19. This study examines all Islamic banks in Indonesia from 2015 to 2020 using quarterly data. Our data set is 724 observations with unbalanced panel data. We employ the dynamic panel data using the two-step system GMM that is more robust than two-step difference GMM. Market concentration encourages financing. Profitability, bank size, and financing loss provision also enhance financing. However, a high degree of risk aversion and inefficiency reduces financing. Furthermore, Islamic bank financing also depends on macroeconomic conditions. Economic upturns strengthen financing. Strong bank fundamentals, particularly bank size, are the key to success for Islamic bank financing. The results draw an important practical implication. Large Islamic bank is a necessary condition to compete with a conventional bank. Accordingly, the spin off policy of Islamic bank windows to full-fledged Islamic bank should be implemented immediately.
IS THE SEMITIC CHARACTER OF HAGAR AN EXAMPLE OF A SURROGATE MOTHER? A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEMITIC RELIGIONS AND SCIENCE
Authors: Zaheer Nosheen , Shah Masooda , Sajjad Naheed , Urooj Rabail 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of the study: This paper explores the religious perspective on marriage, captive girls, and the status of slave girls and their children in Semitic religions, examining the legitimacy of concubine's children compared to surrogate mothers.
Methodology: The scientific techniques of in vitro fertilization (IVF) will be examined to elucidate both gestational and traditional surrogacy methods.
Main Findings: The findings suggest that while Semitic religions validate the status of concubines' children as legitimate heirs, the comparison between concubines and surrogate mothers is limited due to religious debates over the legitimacy of surrogacy and the technological advancements involved, highlighting distinct roles and dynamics within religious frameworks.
Applications of the study: The application of this research could provide insights into the historical and religious perspectives on surrogate motherhood, informing discussions on the intersection of religion, culture, and reproductive technologies.
Novelty/Originality of the study: The novelty of this research lies in its interdisciplinary exploration, comparing the portrayal of Hagar within Semitic religions to contemporary perspectives on surrogate motherhood, bridging religious studies and scientific inquiry.
O FASCINANTE MUNDO DA PROGRAMAÇÃO: DESENVOLVIMENTO DO GUIA DO ALUNO
Authors: Cerqueira Andrade Igor , Guimarães Silva Yngrid , Gabriel Alves de Souza João , Carlos Porto do Carmo Luiz , Dias dos Santos Tanilson , Catão Montenegro Emanuel , Lorena de Matos Tavares Luana , Santos Marçal Érick 
Published: March 2024

RESUMO
Com a transição do ensino médio para o ensino superior, surge uma mudança significativa na vida do aluno. Cursar uma graduação em um ambiente universitário apresenta desafios, não apenas devido à nova proposta de ensino e estudo mais autônomos, mas também pelas drásticas transformações que afetam a rotina do calouro na Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT). Para enfrentar essa problemática, o Projeto de Inovação Pedagógica desenvolveu um Guia do Aluno específico para os Cursos de Bacharelado e Licenciatura em Computação, oferecendo informações abrangentes sobre o curso, a própria UFT e as principais mudanças decorrentes da reforma da matriz curricular e da curricularização da extensão, além de outras alterações implementadas no curso.
Palavras-chave: Projeto de Inovação Pedagógica, Matriz Curricular, Ensino, Guia do Aluno.
MENGUBAH MINDSET GURU MENJADI GURU PENGGERAK MERDEKA BELAJAR
Authors: Moh. Agus Muzakki  , Naila Salsabila Maulana Wahyudi  , Cahya Riyanto Nugroho  , Alfi Hidayah  , Misroh Sulaswari  
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pentingnya mengubah mindset guru dalam peran mereka sebagai penggerak merdeka belajar bagi siswa. Perubahan ini menjadi sangat penting mengingat perkembangan dunia pendidikan yang semakin kompleks dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh siswa dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial, ekonomi dan teknologi yang begitu cepat. Peneliti menggunakan studi literatur. Melalui studi literatur, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai bagaimana mengubah mindset guru agar menjadi penggerak merdeka belajar yang efektif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mindset guru memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang merdeka. Guru yang memiliki mindset positif terhadap perubahan, berfikiran terbuka, dan berorientasi pada hasil belajar siswa cenderung menerapkan pendekatan merdeka belajar secara efektif, memberdayakan siswa, dan mendorong kreativitas serta pemecahan masalah.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TGT (TEAMS GAME TOURNAMENT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Wahyuni Dewi Tri , Risma Dwi Arisona  
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini membahas penerapan model pembelajaran TGT dan penggunaan media visual dan audio visual dalam pengembangan bahan ajar IPS pada materi letak Astronomis, Geografis, dan Geologis di kelas VII A SMPN 2 Jetis. Keduanya memiliki peran penting dalam proses pembelajaraan saat ini. Baik penerapan model TGT ataupun penerapan media visua seperti foto dan audio visual seperti video. Metode kualitatif digunakan dengan pengamatan langsung dan dokumentasi sebagai pendekatan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak model TGT terhadap keterlibatan siswa dan efektivitas media visual serta audio visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model TGT berhasil meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dan pemahaman materi. Penggunaan media visual dan audio visual memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap pemahaman siswa, memudahkan pemahaman konsep, dan meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa selama pembelajaran. Meskipun menghadapi tantangan, seperti ketidakfokusan beberapa siswa, strategi face to face dan gertakan terbukti sebagai solusi yang efektif. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang pengembangan bahan ajar dan penerapan model pembelajaran yang inovatif untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran IPS di tingkat SMP.
EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEATURING METHOD DAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS TERPADU
Authors: Isnaini Nasrul Mukminin  , M Widda Djuhan  
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Kualitas pembelajaran salah satunya ialah dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran. Salah satu masalah yang ditemui kurangnya inovasi pembelajaran yang dipakai oleh seorang pendidik. Dimana pembelajaran masih berpusat pada guru. hal tersebut membuat siswa merasa bosan mengikuti pembelajaran. Berangkat dari masalah tersebut peneliti mencoba meneliti proses pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran Leaturing method dan model Problem Based Learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model Leaturing Method dan Problem Based Learning. Dan mengetahui perbedaan signifikansi hasil belajar dari penerapan dua model pembelajaran tersebut apabila diterapkan. Keunggulan model Problem Based Learning yakni siswa dituntuk untuk menggali lebih mendalam pengalaman belajarnya untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang sudah ditetapkan atau disajikan dalam pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah eksperimen denngan pendekatan kuantitatif, dimana peneliti mencoba mengetahui perbandingan dari hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII apabila memakai dua model tersebut.
Hasil belajar siswa saat pembelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning menunjukkan dalam kategori baik dengan rata-rata nilai 80. Hasil belajar siswa saat pembelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan model Leaturing Method menunjukkan dalam kategori cukup baik dengan rata nilai 71.Pada perhitungan diatas nilai Sig (2 –tailed) 0.48 > 0.05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang jauh antara hasil belajar kelas Eksperimen I dan kelas Eksperimen II.
Kata Kunci : Leaturing Method, PBL, Hasil Belajar
Effect of Resveratrol on PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway and Metalloproteases in Differentiated and Aβ-Induced Alzheimer's Model Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Özpak Lütfiye , Bağca Bakiye Göker 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the expressional changes in the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and metalloprotease in the cellular AD model with the effect of antioxidant resveratrol.
Methods
We obtained neuron-like cells by a two-step method of neuronal differentiation by using a combination of retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived factor (BDNF) exposure. Then, the application of the Aβ25–35 protein (10 µM) to the cell culture mimicked the environmental toxicity observed in Alzheimer's disease. Afterward, cell viability and apoptosis assays were performed to determine whether the resveratrol exerts a cytotoxic and apoptotic effect. Finally, we analyzed with Real-Time PCR, the expressional changes in genes in the cellular AD model with the effect of resveratrol.
Results
Apoptosis data findings were decreased by 1.5-fold and 2.5-fold respectively by differentiated + RES and RES when compared to control but no significant difference was observed between resveratrol and AD model groups. Real-time PCR analysis results revealed PI3K (3.38-fold), AKT (3.95-fold), and RELN (1.99-fold) expressions were significantly higher (p < 0.001), and also GSK-3β, TAU, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, and TIMP-3 gene expression levels were significantly downregulated (2.53-, 1.79-, 2.85-, 4.09-, and 6.62- fold, respectively) in the differentiated + Aβ + RES groups compared to the differentiated + Aβ group (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Resveratrol has inhibited GSK-3β by activating the PI3K/Akt insulin pathway in a neurotoxic environment. In addition, TAU, RELN, metalloproteases, and their inhibitors associated with Alzheimer's pathology have been regulated supporting the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol.
Climate change education in Indonesia’s formal education: A policy analysis
Authors: Tang Kelvin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This article conducts a comprehensive analysis of climate change education within the framework of climate change policy and education policy in Indonesia. Employing thematic analysis on twenty climate change policy texts, twelve K-12 education policy texts, and seventeen expert interview transcripts, our study explores the congruency of climate change education in both policy realms. Despite the critical need for coordinated policies to optimise the design and implementation of climate change education, our analysis reveals a significant discrepancy between Indonesia’s climate change policy and education policy regarding this crucial aspect. Four key themes emerged: the marginalisation of climate change education, the lack of synergies between relevant policies and stakeholders, the predominant economic values, and the optimistic future outlook. The study also assesses the alignment between Indonesia's approach and global trends in climate change education. The findings shed light on critical areas for improvement and development in the integration of climate change education within the Indonesian policy landscape.
Tryptophan supplementation reduces body weight but does not reduce anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish
Authors: de Sousa Pêssi Socorro Lima , Buenhombre Jhon , Daza-Cardona Erika Alexandra , Richard Yuri , Gouveia Amauri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Under certain circumstances, some nutrients can affect the synthesis of central neurotransmitters and potentially behavior. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of tryptophan supplementation on potential anxiety-like behaviors in zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as to assess the suitability of a new standardized diet formulation for the better maintenance and performance of this species. To achieve this, the proportion of the amino acid tryptophan supplementation was experimentally modified at 5%, 50%, and 100% levels, individually, in the zebrafish diet. The investigation was conducted through the Y-maze test, light-dark preference test, and inhibitory avoidance test. The results indicated that tryptophan supplementation did not lead to the expected reduction in anxiety-like effects in the Y-maze and light-dark tests. However, a significant difference in avoidance times was observed in the inhibitory avoidance test between the groups with 5% and 50% supplemented diets, but a significant difference in avoidance times was observed in the inhibitory avoidance test between the groups with 5% and 50% supplemented diets. Changing the diet did not alter the animal's learning or natural anxiety. However, in most animals, tryptophan supplementation led to a decrease in body mass.