bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditory demonstrations on compact disc
Authors: Houtsma A. J. M. , Rossing T. D. , Wagenaars W. M. 
Published: October 2005

In 1984, the Committee on Education in Acoustics of the ASA discussed the possibility of reissuing the “Harvard Tapes,” a series of audio demonstrations on tape cassettes originally published in 1978 by David M. Green at the Harvard Laboratory of Psychophysics. The present authors undertook the job of evaluating and updating the content of the original tapes, producing new audio material, and writing a new explanatory book. The compact disc (CD) medium was chosen to replace magnetic tape. Through substantial cooperation from Eindhoven University of Technology, Northern Illinois University, the Philips Company, and the ASA, a CD with a 92-page booklet was developed containing groups of auditory demonstrations divided over seven general topics. For each group, a general introduction with basic references is provided in the booklet. For each demonstration within a group a detailed background, explanation and further literature references are given. Verbal introductions on the CD have been kept very brief and serve mainly to identify each demo. Demonstrations or parts thereof can be called individually in any order, or preprogrammed in arbitrary groups, through 80 separate track or “title” numbers. One thousand copies of the CD set have been made on a first production run. They are available through the headquarters of the ASA.
A CD player with the auditory demonstration will be available at the registration desk for the entire meeting.
Ultrasonic scattering by two concentric cylinders
Authors: Sinai Julian , Waag Robert C. 
Published: October 2005

A series solution for scattering from two concentric, fluid cylinders of different speeds and densities has been employed to compute the scattered pressure for a range of frequencies, material parameters, and emitter and detector functions. This range includes the nominal parameters of measurements that were made at a frequency of 1.0 MHz and a radius of 150 mm on a gel model with an outer radius of 25.00 mm and an inner radius of 9.52 mm. The nominal parameters correspond to a ka of 626.2 for the measurement radius, a ka of 106.0 for the outer cylinder, and a ka of 39.8 for the inner cylinder. Scattering was calculated for frequencies for 10 kHz to 10 MHz which resulted in ka values from 6.26 to 6262 for the measurement radius, from 1.06 to 1060 for the outer cylinder, and from 0.398 to 398 for the inner cylinder. The effects on scattering of changes in speed and density parameters of the concentric cylinders are presented. First, the speed of the outer cylinder was raised by a factor of 10 from the nominal while the density of the outer cylinder and the speeds and densities of the inner cylinder and the surrounding medium were held fixed. Next, the density of the outer cylinder was raised while its speed was fixed at nominal, as were the speeds and densities of the inner cylinder and the medium. Finally, the speed first and then the density of the inner cylinder was raised while the parameters of the outer cylinder and of the medium were held fixed at nominal.
Plane-wave incidence as well as illumination from the one-dimensional versions of an ideal disk with a radius of 2.11 wavelengths at 1 MHz in water and an equivalent Gaussian aperture were considered, both modeled as an angular spectrum of plane waves. Detection at a point receiver and by a small Gaussian aperture equivalent to a disk radius of 0.498 wavelengths at 1 MHz was also investigated, as were increases by a factor of 10 in emitter and detector apertures while all other parameters were fixed at their nominal values. The combination of the wide range of parameters in this entire study required the development of accurate computational algorithms for Bessel and Neumann functions of arbitrary argument and arbitrary integer order. Measured results for the gel model and calculated results for the model parameters corroborate one another. Although agreement between measured and calculated magnitudes is better than that between measured and calculated phases, the results show that our model includes important effects.
Achilles Tendon and Paratendon Microcirculation in Midportion and Insertional Tendinopathy in Athletes
Authors: Knobloch Karsten , Kraemer Robert , Lichtenberg Artur , Jagodzinski Michael , Gossling Thomas , Richter Martinus , Zeichen Johannes , Hufner Tobias , Krettek Christian 
Published: October 2005

Background Neovascularisation can be detected qualitatively by Power Doppler in Achilles tendinopathy. Quantitative data regarding tendon microcirculation have not been established and may be substantial. Purpose To assess the microcirculation of the Achilles tendon and the paratendon in healthy volunteers as well as in athletes with either midportion or insertional tendinopathy. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods In 66 physically active volunteers, parameters of Achilles tendon and paratendon microcirculation, such as tissue oxygen saturation, relative postcapillary venous filling pressures, and microcirculatory blood flow, were determined at rest at 2-mm and 8-mm tissue depths. Forty-one patients never had Achilles pain (25 men, 27 ± 8 years), 14 patients had insertional pain (7 men, 29 ± 8 years), and 11 patients had midportion tendinopathy (7 men, 38 ± 13 years, not significant). Results Achilles tendon diameter 2 cm and 6 cm proximal to the insertion was increased in symptomatic tendons. Compared with the uninvolved opposite tendon, deep microcirculatory blood flow was significantly elevated at insertional (160 ± 79 vs 132 ± 42, P<. 05) as well as in midportion tendinopathy (150 ± 74 vs 119 ± 34, P<. 05). The microcirculation in the uninvolved opposite tendon and the normal athlete controls were not significantly different from each other (132 ± 42 insertional asymptomatic vs 119 ± 34 mid-portion vs 120 ± 48 healthy tendon). Insertional paratendon deep microcirculatory flow was elevated in all groups, whereas tissue oxygen saturation and relative postcapillary venous filling pressures were not significantly different. Conclusion Microcirculatory blood flow is significantly elevated at the point of pain in insertional and midportion tendinopathy. Postcapillary venous filling pressures are increased at both the midportion Achilles tendon and the midportion paratendon, whereas tissue oxygen saturation is not different among the studied groups. We found no evidence of an abnormal microcirculation of the asymptomatic limb in Achilles tendinopathy.
The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form
Authors: Anderson Allen F. , Irrgang James J. , Kocher Mininder S. , Mann Barton J. , Harrast John J. ,   Members of the International Knee Documentation Committee
Published: October 2005

Background The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form may be used to measure symptoms, function, and sports activity for people with a variety of knee disorders, including ligamentous and meniscal injuries, osteoarthritis, and patellofemoral dysfunction. To date, normative data have not been established for this valid, reliable, and responsive outcomes instrument. Purpose To provide clinicians and researchers with normative data to facilitate the interpretation of results on the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form. Study Design Cross-sectional survey. Methods The Subjective Knee Evaluation Form was mailed to 600 people in each of 8 age/gender categories (18-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-50 years, and 51-65 years for both male subjects and female subjects). Participants were drawn from a panel of 550 000 households (1 300 000 subjects) representative of noninstitutionalized persons in the United States and were matched to data from the United States Census Bureau on geographical region, market size, income, and household size. Results Complete data were available for 5246 knees. Twenty-eight percent of respondents reported an injury, weakness, or other problem with one or both knees. Normative data were determined for respondents as a whole and for the subset of respondents with no history of knee problems. Mean scores were determined for men aged 18 to 24 years (89 ± 18), 25 to 34 years (89 ± 16), 35 to 50 years (85 ± 19), and 51 to 55 years (77 ± 23); mean scores were also determined for women aged 18 to 24 years (86 ± 19), 25 to 34 years (86 ± 19), 35 to 50 years (80 ± 23), and 51 to 65 years (71 ± 26). Scores were higher for the subset of respondents with no history of current or prior knee problems. Conclusion Scores on the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form vary by age, gender, and history of knee problems. The normative data collected in this article will allow clinicians to interpret how patients with knee injuries are functioning relative to their age-and gender-matched peers and will enable researchers to determine the clinical outcomes of treatment.
Regulation of LIM-kinase 1 and cofilin in thrombin-stimulated platelets
Authors: Pandey Dharmendra , Goyal Pankaj , Bamburg James R. , Siess Wolfgang 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Cofilin is a regulator of actin filament dynamics. We studied whether during platelet activation Rho kinase stimulates LIM kinase (LIMK) leading to subsequent phosphorylation and inactivation of cofilin. Platelet shape change and aggregation/secretion were induced by low and high concentrations of thrombin, respectively. We found that during these platelet responses Rho kinase activation was responsible for mediating rapid Thr508 phosphorylation and activation of LIMK-1 and for the F-actin increase during shape change and, in part, during secretion. Surprisingly, during shape change cofilin phosphorylation was unaltered, and during aggregation/secretion cofilin was first rapidly dephosphorylated by an okadaic acid–insensitive phosphatase and then slowly rephosphorylated by LIMK-1. LIMK-1 phosphorylation and cofilin dephosphorylation and rephosphorylation during aggregation were independent of integrin αIIbβ3 engagement. Cofilin phosphorylation did not regulate cofilin association with F-actin and was unrelated to the F-actin increase in thrombin-activated platelets. Our study identifies LIMK-1 as being activated by Rho kinase in thrombin-stimulated platelets. Two counteracting pathways, a cofilin phosphatase and LIMK-1, are activated during platelet aggregation/secretion regulating cofilin phosphorylation sequentially and independently of integrin αIIbβ3 engagement. Rho kinase–mediated F-actin increase during platelet shape change and secretion involves a mechanism other than LIMK-1–mediated cofilin phosphorylation, raising the possibility of another LIMK substrate regulating platelet actin assembly.
Up-regulation of the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell function
Authors: Williams Cassin Kimmel , Li Ji-Liang , Murga Matilde , Harris Adrian L. , Tosato Giovanna 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDelta-like 4 (Dll4), a membrane-bound ligand for Notch1 and Notch4, is selectively expressed in the developing endothelium and in some tumor endothelium, and it is induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and hypoxia. Gene targeting studies have shown that Dll4 is required for normal embryonic vascular remodeling, but the mechanisms underlying Dll4 regulatory functions are currently not defined. In this study, we generated primary human endothelial cells that overexpress Dll4 protein to study Dll4 function and mechanism of action. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells retrovirally transduced with Dll4 displayed reduced proliferative and migratory responses selectively to VEGF-A. Expression of VEGF receptor-2, the principal signaling receptor for VEGF-A in endothelial cells, and coreceptor neuropilin-1 was significantly decreased in Dll4-transduced endothelial cells. Consistent with Dll4 signaling through Notch, expression of HEY2, one of the transcription factors that mediates Notch function, was significantly induced in Dll4-overexpressing endothelial cells. The γ-secretase inhibitor L-685458 significantly reconstituted endothelial cell proliferation inhibited by immobilized extracellular Dll4 and reconstituted VEGFR2 expression in Dll4-overerexpressing endothelial cells. These results identify the Notch ligand Dll4 as a selective inhibitor of VEGF-A biologic activities down-regulating 2 VEGF receptors expressed on endothelial cells and raise the possibility that Dll4 may be exploited therapeutically to modulate angiogenesis.
Virus-stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce CD4+ cytotoxic regulatory T cells
Authors: Kawamura Kazuko , Kadowaki Norimitsu , Kitawaki Toshio , Uchiyama Takashi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractImmune responses to pathogens need to be maintained within appropriate levels to minimize tissue damage, whereas such controlled immunity may allow persistent infection of certain types of pathogens. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) plays an important role in such immune regulation. We previously showed that HSV-stimulated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) induced naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into interferon γ (IFN-γ)/IL-10–producing T cells. Here we show that HSV-stimulated pDCs induce allogeneic naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into cytotoxic regulatory T cells that poorly proliferate on restimulation and inhibit proliferation of coexisting naive CD4+ T cells. IL-3–stimulated pDCs or myeloid DCs did not induce such regulatory T cells. Both IFN-α and IL-10 were responsible for the induction of anergic and regulatory properties. High percentages of CD4+ T cells cocultured with HSV-stimulated pDCs, and to a lesser extent those cocultured with IL-3–stimulated pDCs, expressed granzyme B and perforin in an IL-10–dependent manner. CD4+ T cells cocultured with HSV-stimulated pDCs accordingly exhibited cytotoxic activity. The finding that virus-stimulated pDCs are capable of inducing CD4+ cytotoxic regulatory T cells suggests that this DC subset may play an important role in suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and also in inducing persistent viral infection.
SLAM family markers are conserved among hematopoietic stem cells from old and reconstituted mice and markedly increase their purity
Authors: Yilmaz Ömer H. , Kiel Mark J. , Morrison Sean J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRecent advances have increased the purity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) isolated from young mouse bone marrow. However, little attention has been paid to the purity of HSCs from other contexts. Although Thy-1lowSca-1+Lineage-c-kit+ cells from young bone marrow are highly enriched for HSCs (1 in 5 cells gives long-term multilineage reconstitution after transplantation into irradiated mice), the same population from old, reconstituted, or cytokine-mobilized mice engrafts much less efficiently (1 in 78 to 1 in 185 cells gives long-term multilineage reconstitution). To test whether we could increase the purity of HSCs isolated from these contexts, we examined the SLAM family markers CD150 and CD48. All detectable HSCs from old, reconstituted, and cyclophosphamide/G-CSF-mobilized mice were CD150+CD48-, just as in normal young bone marrow. Thy-1lowSca-1+Lineage-c-kit+ cells from old, reconstituted, or mobilized mice included mainly CD48+ and/or CD150- cells that lacked reconstituting ability. CD150+CD48-Sca-1+Lineage-c-kit+ cells from old, reconstituted, or mobilized mice were much more highly enriched for HSCs, with 1 in 3 to 1 in 7 cells giving long-term multilineage reconstitution. SLAM family receptor expression is conserved among HSCs from diverse contexts, and HSCs from old, reconstituted, and mobilized mice engraft relatively efficiently after transplantation when contaminating cells are eliminated.
Interferon regulatory factor 3 is involved in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and TLR3-induced IL-12p35 gene activation
Authors: Goriely Stanislas , Molle Céline , Nguyen Muriel , Albarani Valentina , Haddou Najate Ouled , Lin Rongtuan , De Wit Dominique , Flamand Véronique , Willems Fabienne , Goldman Michel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInterleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine produced by dendritic cells (DCs) in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation. While the mechanisms regulating IL-12p40 chain gene expression are well characterized, molecular events involved in IL-12p35 chain gene activation remain to be clarified. Since IL-12p35 mRNA was induced in human DCs activated through TLR3 or TLR4 but not TLR2, we investigated the potential role of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) in IL-12p35 gene transactivation. First, a binding site for IRF-3 named interferon-stimulated response element-1 (ISRE-1) was identified in the human IL-12p35 promoter region between nucleotides -251 and -240. The ISRE-1 site was required for IL-12p35 gene activation in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or PolyI:C. Ectopic expression of IRF-3 was found to up-regulate IL-12p35 gene activation in the same system. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies demonstrated that IRF-3 is recruited to ISRE-1 site in TLR4- or TLR3-stimulated human DCs. Finally, experiments on DCs from IRF-3-deficient mice established that TLR4-induced IL-12p35 mRNA and IL-12p70 synthesis are impaired in absence of IRF-3. We conclude that IRF-3 binds to a critical cis-acting element in the IL-12p35 gene promoter and thereby represents a key factor for the induction of IL-12p70 synthesis in DCs.
Respiratory epithelial cells require Toll-like receptor 4 for induction of Human β-defensin 2 by Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: MacRedmond Ruth , Greene Catherine , Taggart Clifford C , McElvaney Noel , O'Neill Shane 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe respiratory epithelium is a major portal of entry for pathogens and employs innate defense mechanisms to prevent colonization and infection. Induced expression of human β-defensin 2 (HBD2) represents a direct response by the epithelium to potential infection. Here we provide evidence for the critical role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HBD2 expression by human A549 epithelial cells.MethodsUsing RTPCR, fluorescence microscopy, ELISA and luciferase reporter gene assays we quantified interleukin-8, TLR4 and HBD2 expression in unstimulated or agonist-treated A549 and/or HEK293 cells. We also assessed the effect of over expressing wild type and/or mutant TLR4, MyD88 and/or Mal transgenes on LPS-induced HBD2 expression in these cells.ResultsWe demonstrate that A549 cells express TLR4 on their surface and respond directly toPseudomonasLPS with increased HBD2 gene and protein expression. These effects are blocked by a TLR4 neutralizing antibody or functionally inactive TLR4, MyD88 and/or Mal transgenes. We further implicate TLR4 in LPS-induced HBD2 production by demonstrating HBD2 expression in LPS non-responsive HEK293 cells transfected with a TLR4 expression plasmid.ConclusionThis data defines an additional role for TLR4 in the host defense in the lung.
The spectrum of thyroid dysfunction in an Australian hepatitis C population treated with combination Interferon-α2β and Ribavirin
Authors: Tran Huy A , Jones Tracey L , Batey Robert G 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
The study aims to assess the pattern of thyroid response to combination Interferon-α2β (IFN-α) and Ribavirin (RBV) anti-viral therapy in an Australian hepatitis C cohort. These include the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction (TD) including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and their possible predictors, the common overall pattern of thyroid function tests whilst receiving therapy and TD outcomes, and the correlation with HCV status outcome.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of all medical records was performed to assess thyroid function in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) patients who were treated at the Hunter Area hepatitis C treatment center between 1995 and March 2004. The centre is part of the John Hunter hospital, a major tertiary referral centre in New South Wales, Australia.

Results
There were 272 cases available for review. The prevalence of TD is 6.7 percent and is made up predominantly of females (80 percent). There were 3 (1.1 percent) cases of hyperthyroidism with 2 (67 percent) females. Thirteen out of fifteen (80 percent) cases of hypothyroidism were females with the overall prevalence of 5.5 percent. The majority of hypothyroid patients still required Thyroxine supplement at the end of follow up.

Conclusion
Ninety three percent of HCV treated patients have intact thyroid function at the end of treatment. The predominant TD is hypothyroidism. The predominant pattern of thyrotoxicosis (TTX) is that of thyroiditis although the number is small. Graves' like disease was not observed. People with pre-existing thyroid auto-antibodies should be closely monitored for thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism.
A trial of somatic gene targeting in vivo with an adenovirus vector
Authors: Ino Asami , Naito Yasuhiro , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Handa Naofumi , Hayakawa Takao , Kobayashi Ichizo 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
Gene targeting in vivo provides a potentially powerful method for gene analysis and gene therapy. In order to sensitively detect and accurately measure designed sequence changes, we have used a transgenic mouse system, MutaMouse, which has been developed for detection of mutation in vivo. It carries bacteriophage lambda genome with lacZ
+ gene, whose change to lacZ-negative allele is detected after in vitro packaging into bacteriophage particles. We have also demonstrated that gene transfer with a replication-defective adenovirus vector can achieve efficient and accurate gene targeting in vitro.

Methods
An 8 kb long DNA corresponding to the bacteriophage lambda transgene with one of two lacZ-negative single-base-pair-substitution mutant allele was inserted into a replication-defective adenovirus vector. This recombinant adenovirus was injected to the transgenic mice via tail-vein. Twenty-four hours later, genomic DNA was extracted from the liver tissue and the lambda::lacZ were recovered by in vitro packaging. The lacZ-negative phage was detected as a plaque former on agar with phenyl-beta-D-galactoside.

Results
The mutant frequency of the lacZ-negative recombinant adenovirus injected mice was at the same level with the control mouse (~1/10000). Our further restriction analysis did not detect any designed recombinant.

Conclusion
The frequency of gene targeting in the mouse liver by these recombinant adenoviruses was shown to be less than 1/20000 in our assay. However, these results will aid the development of a sensitive, reliable and PCR-independent assay for gene targeting in vivo mediated by virus vectors and other means.