bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Assyrians at Sippar in the Old Babylonian Period
Authors: Walker Christopher 
Published: January 2007

The trade in tin, textiles, and silver between Ashur and its trading colony Kanesh is by now well known from the partly published archives from Kanesh. While the textiles involved were primarily produced in Ashur itself, a small proportion of them were imported from Babylonia, being described in the texts as “Akkadian textiles”. This link in the trading chain is still scarcely documented in the absence of the trading archives which must be presumed to have existed at Ashur, and probably at Sippar. The Babylonians themselves were actively involved in the trade, as is shown by the well-known but still inadequately published letter VAT 9249, referring to the absence of the Akkadians and their textiles from Ashur because of a revolt in their country.From its geographical position the city of Sippar must have occupied a focal position in trading relations between Babylonia and the kingdoms to the north and north-west. It naturally figures in the Old Babylonian itinerary from Larsa to Emar. Some years ago W. F. Leemans summarised the evidence for trading relations between Sippar and Assyria and the Middle Euphrates and for Sippar's involvement in the trade in tin in the reverse direction from Ashur to Babylonia.
Nerik and its “Weather-God”
Authors: Macqueen J. G. 
Published: January 2007

Hittite geography and Hittite religion have for many years been among Oliver Gurney's principal interests. It therefore gives me the greatest pleasure that this small contribution in his honour deals with both these subjects, especially since the text with which it is mainly concerned is one which I first studied many years ago under his supervision. Like so many others, I owe him a debt of gratitude which can never be adequately repaid.For many years now it has been clear that in any attempt to locate the site of Nerik the most important fact to be kept in mind is that the town was for a long period in the hands of the Gasga-peoples. Their capture of it was allegedly in the reign of Hantilis, and it was calculated that five hundred years passed before it was recovered by Hattusilis III. More probably however it fell into enemy hands in the reign of Arnuwandas I and his queen Asmunikkal, shortly after 1450 B.C. But whatever the exact details may be, it has to be accepted that any town subjected to an extended period of Gasgan occupation must have been situated to the north of Hattusas, in the direction of the area known in Classical times as Pontus. More recently there has been further evidence pointing to a similar conclusion.
The Inscriptions from the so-called “Library” at Cremna
Authors: Horsley G. H. R. 
Published: January 2007

In July 1985, the opportunity was afforded to participate in a Surface Survey at the Roman Colony of Cremna in Pisidia. Coincidentally, 1985 marked the centenary of the visit there by the first traveller to publish a still useful site plan.One building only has been excavated at Cremna (Pl. VII, a). As a result of the discovery by local villagers of several statues during illegal digging at the site, a team led by Professor Jale İnan of the University of Istanbul fully cleared this building in a short season during 1970. Professor İnan has provided an admirable preliminary report of the building and of the ten statues, and Professor Bean undertook publication of the inscriptions found in the building, mostly statue bases and mostly in Greek. Bean had to work from copies, squeezes and photographs: some improvements to his versions are offered below. Because his publication of these texts appeared while SEG was in abeyance, they were picked up only by J. and L. Robert in Bulletin épigraphique. So although there is no inscription here of outstanding individual importance it seemed worthwhile to republish them all here in a more accurate form and with more detailed information. There are three texts not published by Bean (nos. 3, 4 and 9 below). Fuller texts than those given by him have been provided in two cases (nos. 7 and 8 below).
Muş in the Early Bronze Age
Authors: Rothman Mitchell S. , Kozbe Gülriz 
Published: January 2007

In 1991 a crew of American, Canadian, and Turkish researchers began a new and comprehensive survey in the Muş Province of Eastern Turkey. The goal of the survey was to study the evolution of settlement and landuse in a marginal zone at the intersection of four great culture areas of the Middle East: Central Anatolia, Western Iran, the Transcaucasus, and Mesopotamia.This area of Eastern Turkey had been visited previously by I. K. Kökten in 1940s (1947) and Charles Burney in 1950s (1958). Given the large area these surveyors covered and their limited means of transportation, and given the newly excavated material coming from north of the great Taurus mountain massif and from Van (e.g., Sagona 1994, Sagonaet al1992, Çilingiroğlu 1987, 1988), a more comprehensive effort appeared warranted. The first season was six weeks in duration. During that time we re-visited 17 of the sites found by Kökten and Burney, and located 11 new sites. A second season was launched in 1993 with the aim of covering areas not surveyed previously (see Figure 1), mostly in the northern foothills and higher elevations near Hamurpet Lake. Unfortunately, conditions did not permit us to do a second season, nor is a season in the very near future likely. We, therefore, will be publishing the results we have already arrived at, aware that our sample is not complete.
Un Tombeau de Famille d'Ancyre de Galatie et la Question de TETPI.ΟΣΚΟΝ
Authors: Kubińska Jadwiga 
Published: January 2007

Le monument de marbre blanc avec l'inscription a été découvert par Monsieur D. H. French, directeur du British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, dans le village de Buğduz (région d'Ankara) en octobre 1973. La photo de la pierre et la copie du texte ont été faites par lui (Pl. XXXIV).Le monument a été sûrement déplacé de son lieu d'origine et un jour remployé dans la fontaine où l'a vu French et où il semble être resté jusqu'à présent.L'inscription a été publiée par S. Mitchell qui a seulement défini la pierre portant l'épitaphe comme autel de marbre blanc cassé en deux morceaux a) et b) et en a donné les dimensions:a) haut. 0,93 m; larg. 0,61 m;b) haut. 1,47 m; larg. 0,62 m; épaiss. 0,33 m.La hauteur de la pierre est donc considérable, de 2,20 m. Pour cette raison sa définition comme autel nous semble douteuse. L'éditeur n'a pas publié de photo qui aurait permis de se faire une opinion propre sur ce monument.
Archaeological Evidence for the Achaemenid Period in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Summers G. D. 
Published: January 2007

The aim of this paper is to highlight the evidence for Achaemenid settlement in eastern Turkey and to publish the sherds from two sites, Altıntepe (Cimin Tepe I, CAB Site 112) and Cimin Tepe II (CAB Site 113) collected by C. A. Burney during his survey in 1955 and now housed in the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. An Achaemenid date for Altıntepe level II has often been proposed (e.g. Burney and Lang 1971, 158–9; Forbes 1983, 59) and the site is often now included in studies of the Achaemenid Empire without comment (e.g. Tuplin 1987, 201 n. 118 and map I p. 241; Cook 1983, 198), but the large amount of evidence for extensive and wealthy Achaemenid settlement at the closely related sites of Altıntepe and Cimin Tepe II has not been considered in detail.Three recent papers concerned with the administration of the Achaemenid Empire in general (Tuplin 1987) and Achaemenid garrisons (Tuplin 1987 B and 1988) have highlighted the sparsity of sites in eastern Anatolia which are known to have been occupied in the Persian period. For the preceding era of the Median Empire, which stretched as far westwards as the Halys river (the modern Kızılırmak), archaeological evidence has been so thin that the very existence of a Median Empire has been seriously, if not convincingly, questioned (SancisiWeerdenburg 1988).
Excavations at Sos Höyük, 1995: Second Preliminary Report
Authors: Sagona Antonio , Erkmen Mustafa , Sagona Claudia , Thomas Ian 
Published: January 2007

Archaeological investigations this year at Sos Höyük, carried out by the University of Melbourne and Erzurum Museum, took place in the summer, between 2 June and 3 August. The aims for the 1995 season included activities both on the mound and off-site. Among the former objectives, was the need to expose further the Medieval settlement on the summit of the mound, and the burnt building of the Hellenistic period in trenches L14 and L13. Excavation was also required in the lower northeast trenches to clarify the depositions of the late third to second millennium B.C. In addition to these largely horizontal operations, we commenced an independent vertical sounding in J14 to obtain a immediate guide to the sequence of Iron Age deposits.The intensive field survey of the site environs continued, as did the search for the obsidian source in the hilltops around Pasinler. A detailed palaeoecological study of the region was initiated this year. Information from promising pollen cores taken at various altitudes in the Kargapazarı Dağları, the mountain range immediately to the north of the site, will no doubt complement the faunal and botanical data from the excavations. We also conducted a magnetic survey of the ancient cemeteries surrounding the site to better define their boundaries, but human and animal disturbance often made it difficult to discriminate between burials, pits and burrows of comparable magnetic intensity. Finally, there was a concerted effort to organize and establish a new exhibition at Erzurum Museum covering the campaigns at both Büyüktepe Höyük and Sos Höyük.
Linseed oil and oil mills in central Turkey Flax/LinumandEruca, important oil plants of Anatolia
Authors: Ertuğ Füsun 
Published: January 2007

This article is a preliminary case-study concerning the importance of flax/LinumandErucaas oil plants in central Anatolia. Linseed oil (‘beziryaği’) was produced from bothLinumandErucaseeds, and this oil was used in Anatolian culinary culture, in addition to olive, sesame, cotton, poppy, sunflower, hazel,Cephalaria, safflower and hackberry oils. Linseed oil was also used in oil lamps, to oil wooden-wheeled carts and to rub on the skins of water-buffalo. Both linseed oil and flax seeds were widely used in folk medicine.The production of linseed oil may have started thousands of years ago in central Anatolia. Both plants are native to Anatolia, and flax seeds have been found at several Neolithic sites. The earliest historical documents concerning linseed oil mills (‘bezirhane’) are Ottoman tax records from 1500–1. Until the 1970s there were still several oil mills in the Aksaray area producing linseed oil during the winter. The residue was used as fodder for draft animals.
Northeastern Anatolia: on the periphery of empires
Authors: Parker Anna 
Published: January 2007

Northeastern Anatolia during the Iron Age has long been neglected archaeologically, yet historical sources attest to its importance, located on the frontiers of the Urartian and Persian empires and witness to numerous incursions by diverse groups such as the Medes, Cimmerians and Scythians. The archaeological potential of the area was first revealed by surface surveys carried out in the 1940s and 1950s. However, with the University of Melbourne's excavations and surface survey of sites in the Bayburt and Erzurum provinces, there is now a significant body of material emerging for study.Historical and archaeological foci have traditionally been with the centres of empires, the core or optimal areas, while it is in the periphery, or marginal areas that the dynamics of social change are most evident. These foci largely stem from the inherent difficulties involved in gleaning information on peripheral areas.
Urartian crop plant remains from Patnos (Aǧri), eastern Turkey
Authors: Dönmez Emel Oybak 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe analysis of eight samples of carbonised plant material from the Patnos area (Aǧri), an important site of the Urartian period in eastern Turkey is presented. Bread/macaroni wheat (Triticum aestivum L./T. durum Desf.) and domesticated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schübl.) are the main crop plants. Hulled barley (Hordeum L.) is less abundantly represented. Pulse seeds, bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and Latyhrus L.-type were found in smaller numbers. A few wild seeds were also recorded.
Nkx2.5‐negative myocardium of the posterior heart field and its correlation with podoplanin expression in cells from the developing cardiac pacemaking and conduction system
Authors: Gittenberger‐De Groot Adriana C. , Mahtab Edris A.F. , Hahurij Nathan D. , Wisse Lambertus J. , Deruiter Marco C. , Wijffels Maurits C.E.F. , Poelmann Robert E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRecent advances in the study of cardiac development have shown the relevance of addition of myocardium to the primary myocardial heart tube. In wild‐type mouse embryos (E9.5–15.5), we have studied the myocardium at the venous pole of the heart using immunohistochemistry and 3D reconstructions of expression patterns of MLC‐2a, Nkx2.5, and podoplanin, a novel coelomic and myocardial marker. Podoplanin‐positive coelomic epithelium was continuous with adjacent podoplanin‐ and MLC‐2a‐positive myocardium that formed a conspicuous band along the left cardinal vein extending through the base of the atrial septum to the posterior myocardium of the atrioventricular canal, the atrioventricular nodal region, and the His‐Purkinje system. Later on, podoplanin expression was also found in the myocardium surrounding the pulmonary vein. On the right side, podoplanin‐positive cells were seen along the right cardinal vein, which during development persisted in the sinoatrial node and part of the venous valves. In the MLC‐2a‐ and podoplanin‐positive myocardium, Nkx2.5 expression was absent in the sinoatrial node and the wall of the cardinal veins. There was a mosaic positivity in the wall of the common pulmonary vein and the atrioventricular conduction system as opposed to the overall Nkx2.5 expression seen in the chamber myocardium. We conclude that we have found podoplanin as a marker that links a novel Nkx2.5‐negative sinus venosus myocardial area, which we refer to as the posterior heart field, with the cardiac conduction system. Anat Rec, 290:115–122, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed‐Metal Dawson Sandwich Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical Behaviour of Na16[MIICo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2] (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd)
Authors: Ruhlmann Laurent , Costa‐Coquelard Claire , Canny Jacqueline , Thouvenot René 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMixed‐metal Dawson sandwich complexes [MCo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16– (represented as {MCo3P4W30}) have been synthesized by the reaction of M2+ (where M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd) with the “lacunary” sandwich complex αβ‐[NaCo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17– (represented as {NaCo3P4W30}): [NaCo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17– + M2+ → [MCo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16– + Na+. The {MCo3P4W30} species were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and 31P solution NMR spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of these mixed‐metal sandwich complexes was investigated in aqueous solution and compared with that of ββ‐[Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16– (represented as ββ‐{Co4P4W30}) and {NaCo3P4W30}. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Effect of vertical grid variability on a free surface flow model
Authors: Bradford Scott F. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA previously developed numerical model that solves the incompressible, non‐hydrostatic, Navier–Stokes equations for free surface flow is analysed on a non‐uniform vertical grid. The equations are vertically transformed to the σ‐coordinate system and solved in a fractional step manner in which the pressure is computed implicitly by correcting the hydrostatic flow field to be divergence free. Numerical consistency, accuracy and efficiency are assessed with analytical methods and numerical experiments for a varying vertical grid discretization. Specific discretizations are proposed that attain greater accuracy and minimize computational effort when compared to a uniform vertical discretization. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling of the free surface with heat and mass transfer considerations on a liquid filling a porous slab heated from its sides
Authors: Prabhu S. M. , Soundarajankrishnan T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe position of the free surface is calculated numerically for a porous slab which is partly filled with a liquid and differentially heated from its sides. A coordinate transformation is used to transform the original problem from a physical coordinate system to a non‐orthogonal system where the free surface becomes a fixed straightline. The transformed problem is then solved using a finite difference method. Results are obtained for Rayleigh numbers up to 1000. The Nusselt numbers increase slightly with medium Rayleigh numbers (convection‐dominated region) as expected. Since at low Ra the conduction is dominant and at high Ra radiation is dominant. Hadizadeh and Tien (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 2004; 17(6):799–804) studied the forced convection on the surface of porous layer. In that paper they dealt with in detail the boundary regime of liquid in the channel and modelled the flow and heat transfer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global relationships of Argentine (Neuquén Basin) Early Cretaceous ammonite faunas
Authors: Rawson Peter F. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOf the 16 ammonite families of Valanginian to Early Barremian age, six are represented in the Neuquén Basin–the Neocomitidae, Olcostephanidae, Oosterellidae, Holcodiscidae, Ancyloceratidae and Douvilleiceratidae. Normally, only one or two ammonite genera occur at any one level, and there were ten turnovers at family level. Each turnover marks an important immigration event and other immigrations sometimes occurred between. All the taxa are of Tethyan origin; but while some immigrants are Andean Province forms, other are taxa that for at least part of their temporal range achieved an almost pandemic distribution, even invading the marginal Boreal basins of NW Europe (North Sea and Lower Saxony basins). The Neuquén and NW European basins lay at similar palaeolatitudes south and north of the equator, and there are striking similarities between some of the immigrants to the two areas. Links between the NW European and other South American faunas suggest a possible direct marine connection between the two areas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interfacial shear strength of titanium implants in bone is significantly improved by surface topographies with high pit density and microroughness
Authors: Deyneka‐Dupriez Nataliya , Kocdemir Bora , Herr Ulrich , Fecht Hans‐Jörg , Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Claes Lutz 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSurface structure of implants influences bone response and interfacial shear strength between implants and bone. The aim of this study was to find topographical parameters that correlate with the interfacial shear strength. Two groups of sand‐blasted titanium screws were implanted in 17 sheep tibia, each for 2–52 weeks: (A) acid pickled with HF/HNO3; (B) acid etched with HCl/H2SO4. Screw removal torque was measured and surface topography of both implant groups was studied by scanning electron microscopy, optical profilometry, and scanning probe microscopy. The roughness as well as the surface area of type A surface was higher in the scan region of 100 μm, but the microroughness and surface area of type B surface was higher in the scan region of 10 μm. A significantly higher removal torque (interfacial shear strength) of the surface treatment type B (412 ± 60 Ncm) compared to surface treatment type A (157 ± 33 Ncm) was found after 52 weeks of implantation in sheep due to differences in microroughness of both types of screws. It was also shown that the specification of the parameters Δa, Ra and Rq was not sufficient to characterize the properties of the implant surfaces. The analysis of Rq parameter over wavelengths was required to characterize the size, shape and distribution of the implant surface structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
How Entergy's communication response to Hurricane Katrina boosted employee morale and sped service recovery
Authors: Geno Tricia 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHurricane Katrina put New Orleans‐based Entergy Corporation's crisis communications plan to the ultimate test. The challenge: Keep critical information flowing to thousands of its employees personally affected by the storm's destruction, and to its frontline crews working around the clock to restore utility services for more than a million Gulf Coast customers. The New Orleans‐based energy company was faced with restoring service for customers even as thousands of its own employees experienced personal and professional stress. Yet despite disruptions to telephones and several other communications channels, Entergy succeeded in applying its crisis communication plan, using Web‐based communications, and leveraging the communication style of senior leadership to boost employee morale and speed the restoration of services critical to the recovery of Gulf South communities. © 2006 by Entergy Services, Inc.
Creating a virtuous spiral organization
Authors: Lawler III Edward E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOrganizations with outstanding people and outstanding management systems create a self‐reinforcing cycle of escalating performance—the virtuous spiral. Laying the groundwork for this win‐win condition requires the right management practices in seven key areas: defining the values of the workplace; hiring people who fit those values; making training and development ongoing; designing work as meaningful; delineating the strategies, goals, and values of the organizational mission; devising appropriate reward systems; and hiring and developing the right leadership under whom the organization can thrive.© 2006 Hewitt Associates LLC.
On the treatment of frictional rolling contact
Authors: Ziefle M. , Nackenhorst U. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn FEM analysis of rolling contact problems Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) methods are the state of the art. These methods allow mesh refinements concentrated to the contact region and offer a time independent formulation of stationary elastic rolling. The relative‐kinematic description of rolling leads to a relative motion between finite element mesh and material points. Thus in contrast to a pure Lagrangian description of rolling the relative movement of the material particles is not determined directly. The contact problem is assumed as deformable‐rigid and its contact constraints are included by the penalty‐method. For the computation of the frictional tire‐road contact the slip velocities have to be integrated along the pathlines of the material particles. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interaction of a Solitary Wave with a Porous Elliptical Cylinder
Authors: Basmat A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this paper the diffraction of a plane first order solitary wave by a vertical permeable elliptical cylinder is investigated and the corresponding wave loading is computed. The analytical model presented here is employs Boussinesq equations to describe the diffraction. The solution procedure is based on the perturbation theory, where a perturbation parameter defined in terms of the surface geometry of the cylinder is used. The flow through the porous cylinder is assumed to obey Darcy's law. The effects of porosity, relative wave length and the incident wave angle are discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)