bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental pharmacokinetics of biologically active plant phenolic compounds. II. Pharmacokinetics of likviritin in the rat
Authors: Voskoboinikova I. V. , Tjukavkina N. A. , Kolhir V. K. , Geodakyan S. V. , Zjuzin V. A. , Kolesnik Yu. A. , Litvinenko V. I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA procedure was developed to measure plasma and urine likviritin levels by reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. The likviritin pharmacokinetics was studied in rats after intravenous injection of the compound in a single dose of 1,3 and 10 mg/kg and after its oral administration in a single dose 50 and 500 rag/kg. It was shown that likviritin pharmacokinetics after i.v. injection within the above dose range was nonlinear and within every dose could be described by a two‐compartmental model. Its nonlinear nature might be associated with saturated binding of the compound.
Study of the antioedema activity of some seaweed and sponge extracts from the mediterranean coast in mice
Authors: Payá Miguel , Ferrándiz Maria Luisa , Sanz Maria Jesús , Bustos Gloria , Blasco Rafael , Rios José Luis , Alcaraz Maria José 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChloroform and methanol extracts of ten marine species, seven seaweeds and three sponges, have been studied for possible, antioedema activities. The extracts were administered either topically or orally on TPA‐induced mouse ear oedema and on carrageenan mouse paw oedema, respectively. The most interesting seaweed extracts were found to be from Corallina elongata, Galaxaura oblongata, Laurencia obtusa and Udotea petiolata, where both extracts of each species induced a large antioedema effect in both models employed. None of the sponges assayed demonstrated antiinflammatory effects on carrageenan mouse paw oedema, however, some extracts elicited an inhibition of the oedema developed by TPA.
Effects of traditional medicines, Gosya‐jinki‐gan, “Kyushin” and “Reiousan” on sexual and learning behaviour in chronically stressed mice
Authors: Morishita Shin‐Ichi , Shoji Masamichi , Oguni Yasuhiro , Hirai Yasuharu , Sugimoto Chishio , Ito Chihiro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTraditional medicines, such as Gosya‐jinki‐gan (Niu‐Che‐Shen‐Qi‐Wan) extract preparation (KJE), “Kyushin” (KY–2) and “Reiousan” (R–03) were studied to determine their effects on sexual and learning behaviour in mice subjected to chronic “hanging stress”. Drugs were given orally once a day for 14 days, and sexual (licking, mounting and intromission) and learning (memory retrieval and memory extinction) behaviour were observed. KJE and R–03 protected mice against the stress‐induced decrease of licking, mounting and intromission behaviour, and increases of acceleration of memory loss and failure of memory retrieval. KY–2 protected mice against stress‐induced decrease of licking and intromission behaviour, and increases of acceleration of memory loss and failure to retrieve memory. These results suggest that these drugs have protective effects against chronically exhausted states.
Oligo‐ and macrocyclic diterpenes in thymelaeaceae and euphorbiaceae occurring and utilized in yunnan (Southwest China) 4. Tigliane type diterpene esters (phorbol–12,13‐diesters) from Wikstroemia canescens
Authors: Dagang Wu , Sorg B. , Adolf W. , Opferkuch H. J. , Seip E. H. , Hecker E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom a methanol extract of the roots of Wikstroemia canescens (Wall) Meisen the hitherto unknown Wikstroemia factors C1 and C2 were isolated by means of a Craig distribution followed by TLC. They were identified as the tigliane type phorbol–12‐benzoate–13‐decanoate (C2) and the corresponding–13‐3E, 5E‐decadienoate) (C1). On the mouse ear Wikstroemia factor C1 showed irritant activity comparable to that of the standard irritant phorbol ester 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol–13‐acetate. Wikstroemia factor C2, not assayed for irritancy, may be expected to be about as active as C1.
Inhibition of IgE formation in mice by glycoproteins from corn silk
Authors: Namba Tsuneo , Xu Hongxi , Kadota Shigetoshi , Hattori Masao , Takahashi Tooru , Kojima Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe inhibitory effects of glycoproteins separated from a hot water extract of corn silk (U‐CSE) on the formation of IgE antibodies after primarily and secondarily challenged responses with dinitrophenyl (DNP)‐ovalbumin (OVA) antigen in mice were investigated using the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test.When U‐CSE was given intranasally or intraperitoneally the day before primary immunization, IgE antibody production was strongly inhibited. Furthermore, it was found that new formation of IgE antibodies was readily inhibited by U‐CSE administration in mice with high levels of IgE after primary immunization. It was also found that U‐CSE markedly suppressed IgE antibody formation in secondarily challenged responses with the antigen. U‐CSE may be clinically applicable to type I allergic diseases.
Stimulation of RNA polymerase activity by ginsenoside‐Rb2 in diabetic rats
Authors: Yokozawa Takako , Yasui Teruhito , Oura Hikokichi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of ginsenoside‐Rb2 on RNA polymerase activity was investigated in rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. Daily intraperitoneal administration of ginsenoside‐Rb2 for 3 or 6 days resulted in an increase of RNA polymerase I activity, as well as an increment of RNA polymerase II activity. From these results, it seems that ginsenoside‐Rb2 promotes the synthesis of rRNA and mRNA.
Effect of phytochemicals on the mutagenicity of the tobacco‐specific nitrosamine 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535
Authors: Teel Robert W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFive phytochemicals with potential chemopreventive activity were tested to determine their antimutagenic effects toward the tobacco‐specific nitrosamine 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535. NNK at a concentration of 80 mM was metabolically activated by hamster liver microsomes. Three phytochemicals; capsaicin, diallyl sulphide and silymarin, exhibited antimutagenic activity toward NNK in a dose‐dependent manner. At the highest nontoxic concentration tested (0.5 mmole/plate), the inhibitory effect of capsaicin, diallyl sulphide and silymarin was 85%, 23% and 48%, respectively. D‐limonene and tannic acid were also tested but did not show antimutagenic activity toward NNK in TA1535. These results suggest that capsaicin, diallyl sulphide and silymarin inhibited the activation of NNK and indicate that further studies of the efficacy of these phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of NNK‐induced carcinogenesis are warranted.
α‐glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibitors: Constituents of cashew, Anacardium occidentale, nut shell liquids
Authors: Toyomizu M. , Sugiyama S. , Jin R. L. , Nakatsu T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractConstituents of cashew, Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae), shell liquids inhibit α‐glucosidase, invertase and aldose reductase. Sixteen compounds including four anacardic acids, four cardols, four cardanols and four methyl cardols were isolated and identified as active constituents. Anacardic acids were more potent enzyme inhibitors among the constituents isolated from the nut oil while the enzyme inhibitory activities of commercial structurally related compounds were negligible in comparison.
Formulation studies on Datura metel Linn. Powder 1. Effect of powder size on granule and compact properties
Authors: Femi‐Oyewo M. N. , Elujoba A. A. , Alebiowu G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDatura metel Linn. powdered leaf (25% w/w) has been formulated in lactose‐based granulations into compacts using the wet granulation process. The effects of changes in the particle size of D. metel powder on the properties of its granules and compacts were studied. Bigger and less friable granules were produced with increase in powder size due to the increased wettability of the powder with size. These resulted in stronger and less friable compacts with a longer disintegration time. Granule flow rate increased while angle of repose decreased with increase in D. metel powder size. Compacts of comparable physical properties were produced from both granulations of D. metel and D. stramonium. The hyoscine contents of D. metel and D. stramonium powders were found to be 0.23% and 0.30% w/w, respectively.
Mutagenic potencies of medicinal plants screened in the ames test
Authors: Bresolin Sayonara , Ferrão Vargas Vera Maria 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAqueous extracts of three species used in Brazilian popular medicine (Sambacus australis, Bauhnea forficata, Mimosa bimucromata) were screened for the presence of mutagenic activity in the Ames test. The extracts showed frameshift mutagenic activity after metabolization. In addition, M. bimucromata presented positive results in the TA100 strain, which detects a base pair substitution, with and without metabolization. The metabolites of B. forficata extract also showed mutagenic activity in the TA102 strain. The presence of flavonoids and tannins in the extracts may be correlated to positive mutagenic activity.
Interaction of capsaicin with human erythrocyte membranes
Authors: De Amit Krishna , Sengupta D. , Ghosh J. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCapsaicin (8‐methyl‐n‐vanillyl‐6‐nonenamide) caused a dose related (1‐100 nM) haemolysis of human red blood cells. This haemolysis was associated with significant changes in erythrocyte membrane lipid components and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Ruthenium red blocks this capsaicin‐induced haemolysis and membrane AChE activity changes.
Terminalia arjuna extract modulates the contraction of rat aorta induced by KCl and norepinephrine
Authors: Tripathi Yamini B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe bark of Terminalia arjuna is in clinical use for the management of cardiovascular disorders in India. The objective of this study was to investigate the contractile response induced by the extract on rat aorta, a vascular smooth muscle. Terminalia arjuna relaxed the contraction, induced by both KCl (60 mM) and norepinephrine (NE, 3 μM). Inhibition was more prominent (80%) in the NE induced contraction than the KCl induced contraction (30%). Under similar conditions diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker (Dz, 1.0 μM), inhibited 68% of the KCl induced and 30% of NE induced contraction. Thus it appears that the action of Terminalia arjuna extract differs from that of diltiazem in that it is more specific for alpha‐adrenergic receptor agonists. It indirectly inhibited the contraction induced by norepinephrine by acting on K (Ca) channel by hyperpolarizing the smooth muscle membrane.
Potential of natural products as insect antifeedants
Authors: Jain D. C. , Tripathi A. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInsect antifeedants are the substances that play a significant role in host plant selection by phytophagous insects. Extensive work has been done on natural antifeedants and a large number of these compounds have been identified belonging to different classes during the past decade. The present article deals with various chemical and biological aspects of insect antifeedants and with their possible role in insect pest management.
Choleretic effect of the essential oil from Helichrysum picardii Boiss. & Reuter in rats
Authors: de la Puerta R. , Sáenz M. T. , Garcia M. D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOral administration of an essential oil obtained from Helichrysum picardii Boiss. & Reuter at doses of 13 and 26 mg/kg to normal rats produced a significant choleretic activity. A quantitative determination of the total bile acid concentration was carried out using an enzymatic kit prepared with purified 3‐α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The essential oil induced in bile secretion but it did not produce an enhancement in the bile content.
Antiinflammatory activity of the iridoids kutkin, picroside‐1 and kutkoside from Picrorhiza kurrooa
Authors: Singh G. B. , Bani Sarang , Singh Surjeet , Khajuria A. , Sharma M. L. , Gupta B. D. , Banerjee S. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPowdered roots of Picrorhiza kurrooa (PK), its alcoholic extract (AEPK) and active constituents kutkin, picroside‐1 and kutkoside demonstrated antiinflammatory activity (AIA) in a variety of test models. Significant AIA was recorded in adjuvant‐induced and formaldehyde arthritis in rats and mice. In carrageenan‐induced oedema inhibitory activity was remarkably enhanced upon intraperitoneal treatment in rats and mice. Kutkin exhibited significant action in dextran‐induced oedema in rats. It inhibited acetic acid induced vascular permeability in mice and leucocyte migration in rats. Kutkin lacked any analgesic, antipyretic or ulcerogenic effect.
Aloctin A, an active substance of Aloe arborescens Miller as an immunomodulator
Authors: Imanishi Ken'Ichi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAloctin A (Alo A), an active substance isolated from the leaves of Aloe arborescens Miller, has many biological and pharmacological activities, such as mitogenic activity for lymphocytes, binding of human α2‐macroglobulin, complement activation via the alternative pathway, antiinflammatory activity, antiulcer activity and antitumour activity. In this paper, the effects of Alo A treatment in vivo and in vitro on the immune response of murine and human lymphoid cells are described.
Inhibitory effect of Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (Kidachi aloe) on induction of preneoplastic focal lesions in the rat liver
Authors: Tsuda H. , Matsumoto K. , Ito M. , Hirono I. , Kawai K. , Beppu H. , Fujita K. , Nagao M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInhibitory effects of freeze‐dried Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (Kidachi aloe) whole leaf powder (Aloe) on induction of preneoplastic glutathione S‐transferase (GST‐P) positive hepatocyte foci GST‐P+ were studied in male rats. Experiment 1: Group 1 was fed a diet containing 30% Aloe for 8 days. At day 7, the carcinogen, 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo(4,5‐f)quinoline(1Q, 100 mg/kg, i.g., one dose), was given 12 h after partial hepatectomy (PH) for initiation, followed by phenobarbital (PB) and D‐galactosamine for promotion and then killed at week 11. Experiment 2: Group 1 was given diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) for initiation then a diet containing 30, 20 or 10% Aloe during weeks 3–8, with PH at week 3. In both experiments, groups 2 and 3 were treated as in group 1 without Aloe or carcinogens. GST‐P+ in group 1 lesions larger than 5 cells in experiment 1 and 200 μm in diameter in experiment 2 were compared with group 2. In experiment 1, the number of cells in group 1 showed a tendency for decrease. In experiment 2, the areas in group 1 were significantly decreased. The results indicate that 30% Aloe exerts inhibition of the promotion, and possibly of the initiation stage of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Potential reversal of chronological and photo‐aging of the skin by topical application of natural substances
Authors: Danhof Ivan E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAging changes in the skin, in which degenerative changes exceed regenerative changes, are characterized by thinning and wrinkling of the epidermis together with the appearance of lines, creases, crevices and furrows, especially accentuated in lines of facial expression. These changes are brought about both by chronological (genetically determined) and photo (solar radiation‐determined) factors. The reason for the readily apparent surface morphological alterations is found in changes in the underlying dermis characterized by the loss of fascicular and soluble collagen and elastin fibres, with lessened support of epidermal layers, and lessened circulatory perfusion. Many so‐called ‘antiaging’; actions of topically‐applied materials are nothing more than transient hydrational/moisturizing effects, which, while lessening the prominence of undesirable surface defects and blemishes, do nothing to change the dermal losses. True ‘antiaging’ actions would require evidence for the return toward normal of the regenerative/degenerative balance exemplified by increased collagen and elastin synthesis. Evidence is accruing that four groups of topically applied substances, namely, (a) nonsaponifiable fractions of avocado and soybean oils, (b) vitamin A derivatives, (c) alpha‐hydroxy acids (AHAs), and (d) extracts of Aloe vera, possess activities which reverse the degenerative skin changes seen with aging by stimulating the synthesis of collagen and elastin fibres, thereby restoring toward normal the regenerative/degenerative equilibrium.
Inhibitory effects of ergosterol isolated from the edible mushroom Hypsizigus marmoreus on TPA‐induced inflammatory ear oedema and tumour promotion in mice
Authors: Yasukawa Ken , Aoki Takashi , Takido Michio , Ikekawa Tetsuro , Saito Hideharu , Matsuzawa Tsunetomo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn antitumour‐promoting activity in two‐stage carcinogenesis, was found in the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the Japanese edible mushroom ‘Buna‐shimeji’, Hypsizigus marmoreus (Tricholomataceae). From the active fractions of the extracts, two sterols, ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide, were isolated. The isolates showed inhibitory activity against 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate induced ear inflammation in mice, and ergosterol markedly inhibited tumour promotion in a two‐stage carcinogenesis experiment. These sterols may be useful in developing an effective method of cancer prevention.
Effects of quercetin on the gastrointestinal tract in rats and mice
Authors: Carlo Giulia Di , Mascolo Nicola , Izzo Angelo Antonio , Capasso Francesco , Autore Giuseppina 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntraperitoneal administration of quercetin (6.25–50 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.5‐0.01) reduced intestinal transit in mice and this effect was antagonized by yohimbine and phentolamine but not by atropine or naloxone. Quercetin (12.5–50 mg/kg) reduced also (p<0.05‐0.01) intraluminal accumulation of fluid and diarrhoea induced by castor oil and these effects were antagonized by yohimbine. Finally quercetin (12.5–50 mg/kg) reduced the area of gastric ulcer but not the number. It is suggested that α2‐adrenergic receptors mediate the effect of quercetin on intestinal motility and secretion.
Hypotensive effect of Laurelia sempervirens (Monimiaceae) on normotensive rats
Authors: Schmeda‐Hirschmann G. , Loyola J. I. , Rodriguez J. , Dutra‐Behrens M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe leaves of Laurelia sempervirens (Monimiaceae), an endemic Chilean tree known as ‘Laurel’, were used by the Mapuche Amerindians for treating headache and as a diuretic. Intravenous administration of a hydroalcoholic L. sempervirens extract to rats, elicited a hypotensive response of −27.0%±2.0% in the mean blood pressure of normotensive animals at a dose of 5 mg crude extract ± kg body weight. Bioassay‐guided isolation of the active ‘Laurel’ metabolites led to the alkaloid laurotetanine as the main hypotensive principle of L. sempervirens leaves. At 1 mg/kg body weight, laurotetanine produced a hypotensive response of −29.0%±2.1% in the mean blood pressure of normotensive rats, with a duration of 2 min, both comparable to those elicited by the crude extract at 5 mg/kg. In the acute oral toxicity study, ‘Laurel’ proved to be a very low toxicity crude drug at doses up to 3 g crude extract/kg body weight. The data obtained support the use of L. sempervirens in Mapuche traditional medicine.
Antitumoural antibacterial and antifungal activities of kefir and kefir grain
Authors: Cevikbas Adile , Yemni Ersin , Ezzedenn Fikret W. , Yardimici Turay , Cevikbas Ugur , Stohs S. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractKefir is a milk‐derived product prepared by the incubation of kefir ‘grains’ with defatted milk. Various studies have been published on the therapeutic effects of kefir. However, few controlled studies and little information on the antibacterial, antifungal and antitumoural activities of kefir have been published. Therefore, these activities associated with kefir were investigated. The daily intraperitoneal administration of 0.50 mL kefir for 20 days to mice; containing transplanted fusiform cell carcomas resulted in a significant decrease in tumour size. Kefir‐induced disappearance of tumoural necrosis was also evident. With respect to the antibacterial activity of kefir, the greatest activity was exhibited against gram‐positive coccus, staphylococcus, and gram‐positive bacillus. Kefir ‘grains’ showed higher antibacterial activity than kefir. Kefir also demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida, Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, Torulopsis, Microsporum and Trichopyton species. The results demonstrate that kefir possesses antibacterial, antifungal and antineoplastic activities, and provides credence to the folklorec use of kefir for a variety of infectious and neoplastic diseases.
In vitro inhibition of adenosine deaminase by a group of steroid and Triterpenoid compounds
Authors: Koch Heinrich P. , Aichinger Andrea , Bohne Bernd , Plank Gerlinde 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of several sapogenins and saponins of the steroid and triterpenoid classes, as well as of a few common phytosterols, have been tested for their inhibitory action towards adenosine deaminase (ADA). It was found that the acidic sapogenins strongly inhibit the enzyme. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) was in the range 10−3 to 10−2 mg/mL, while the inhibitor constants (Ki) have been estimated as about 10−6 M. In contrast to this finding is the complete absence of any influence on the enzyme of the neutral sapo(ge)nins and the phytosterols. It is suggested that ADA is a worthwhile therapeutic target and that the (acidic) sapogenins, which are regular constituents of many medicinal plant species, presumably contribute their activity through an interaction with this enzyme.
Aconitine‐induced bradycardia, centrally acting muscarinic effects are inhibited peripherally by higenamine in conscious mice
Authors: Kimura Ikuko , Makino Mitsuhiro , Matsui Tetsuo , Takada Miwako , Kimura Masayasu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of aconitine, higenamine and coryneine derived from processed aconite, a Sino‐Japanese medicine on pulse rate were examined in unanaesthetized mice. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the water extract (3 mg/kg) of processed aconite produced a bradycardia, like bigeminy, within 15 min which was prolonged for 30 min. Aconitine (30 μg/kg, i.p.) produced a similar bradycardia. Higenamine induced tachycardia at doses of 30 and 100 μg/kg, i.p. The aconitine‐induced bradycardia was antagonized completely by higenamine (10 μg/kg, i.p.), isoproterenol (1 μg/kg. s.c.), or scopolamine (10 μg/kg. s.c.). The anti‐aconitine effect of higenamine was prevented by propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Centrally administered aconitine (1 and 3μg) also induced bradycardia. The aconitine (i.c.v.)‐induced bradycardia was prevented by centrally administered atropine (1 μg, i.c.v.). These results demonstrated that aconitine (i.p.)‐induced bradycardia is mainly due to a central muscarinic action. As higenamine has a peripheral β1‐adrenergic action, like isoproterenol, the inhibition by higenamine of aconitine‐induced bradycardia is due to physiological antagonism.