bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Irinotecan/carboplatin versus Etoposide/carboplatin for extended disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: AFZAL ZEESHAN , Hira Sara , Song Xia , Wang Na 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Platinum-based chemotherapy in addition to the non-platinum agent Etoposide is the standard of care for ES-SCLC. However, the front-line chemotherapy regimen is not known. Therefore, we aimed to perform this review comparing irinotecan/carboplatin and etoposide/carboplatin in the patients of ED-SCLC.
Methods
We searched three databases i.e. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library. We evaluated the outcomes for complete response, median overall survival, and progression free survival. In addition to that adverse events such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, diarrhea, and infections were also assessed. RevMan 5.4.1 was used to perform the statistical analysis.
Results
Three RCTs with 676 patients were included. There was a significant difference among IC and EC arms in terms of complete response (RR 2.52; 95% CI 1.20–5.32; p = 0.02, I2 = 0%), Leukopenia (RR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.97; P = 0.04; I2 = 90%), Anemia (RR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78; P = 0.0008; I2 = 0%), Thrombocytopenia (RR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.68; P = 0.00001; I2 = 0%); and Diarrhea (RR = 4.88; 95%CI 1.64 to 14.49; P = 0.004; I2 = 33%). There was no statistically significant difference among IC and EC arms in terms of Median Overall survival (HR = 1.16; 95%CI 0.84 to 1.62; P = 0.37; I2 = 74%), Progression-free survival (HR = 1.04; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.56; P = 0.85; I2 = 77%), Nausea (RR = 1.70; 95%CI 0.76 to 3.81; P = 0.19; I2 = 0%), Infection (RR = 0.97; 95%CI 0.64 to 1.48; P = 0.89; I2 = 0%) and Treatment-related Deaths (RR = 0.58; 95%CI 0.24 to 1.42; P = 0.23; I2 = 0%).
Conclusions
In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides valuable evidence supporting the superiority of IC regimens over EC regimens in terms of complete response and toxicity profile for ED-SCLC.
Traditional Wisdom in Animal Health: Ethnoveterinary Practices in the Indigenous Communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Imtiaz , Khan Imran , Esa Muhammad , Khan Farhat Ali , Zahoor Muhammad , Ullah Riaz , Ullah Bashir , Sher Mujahid , Haq Anwar Ul , Ibrahim Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Local and indigenous communities of the Jandool Valley, Dir Lower District, in Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, rely on ethnoveterinary herbal formulations to treat their domestic animals. Insights into the indigenous uses of local botanical flora can direct investigation into phytochemical screening. The present research is carried out with the aim of documenting ethnoveterinary expertise concerning various plant species used by the local population of the area for the curing of various animal diseases and ailments. Ethnoveterinary statistics were acquired by carrying out many discipline tours, questionnaires, and open-ended and semi structured discussions. The ethnoveterinary data quantitatively considered the use of the directory informant compromise aspect.
Results
Results show 50 types of medicinal plants belonging to 33 plant families were stated to be used in traditional medicine. Lamiaceae, with 5 species, is the foremost family, accompanied by Apiaceae and Solaneceae. The primary source of ethnoveterinary care was herb (52%), followed by shrubs and trees, respectively. For the natural formulation, leaves (28%) were the most frequent elements, and 34% of ethnomedicine was administered orally, while decoction was the principal procedure of herbal preparation, followed by crushing (26%), powder (22%), direct crude drug (12%), and paste (2%), respectively.
Conclusions
The different plant varieties used by the native community in vast numbers for therapeutic functions indicated that Jandool Valley possesses a rich flora of medicinal plants and similar traditional information. This demonstrates that the local people of the area rely on traditional practices and crude drugs to treat livestock diseases. This effort can be used as the basis for future ethnomedical or ethnoveterinary studies.
Childhood adversity and memory function in later life: the mediating role of activity participation
Authors: BAI Xue , CAI Xinxin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The Dimensional Model of Adversity suggests that the two core dimensions of childhood adversity - deprivation and threat – have distinct impacts on cognitive function. However, no prior research has explored the relevance of this model to the ageing population. Additionally, childhood adversities increase the risk of lower activity participation, thereby limiting opportunities to maintain memory health through these activities. This study examined the influence of childhood deprivation and threat on memory function in later life, along with the mediating role of activity participation.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the first wave of Panel Study on Active Ageing and Society (PAAS), a representative survey of Hong Kong adults aged 50 or above (N = 1,005). Key variables included late-life memory function measured by delay recall test, deprivation- and threat-related childhood adversities, and the frequency of participation in informal and formal types of activities. Mediation tests were used for analysis.
Results
Childhood deprivation was associated with a lower late-life memory function, whereas threat was not. The negative effects of childhood deprivation and its subdomain, economic hardship, on memory function was mediated by activity participation. Total participation scores presented the strongest mediating effect (17.3% to 20.6%), with formal activities playing a more substantial mediating role than informal activities in mitigating the effect of childhood economic hardship.
Conclusions
These findings expand the applicability of the Dimensional Model of Adversity to ageing populations, highlighting the influence of deprivation on life-long cognitive development. Furthermore, this study revealed an indirect pathway through which childhood deprivation affects memory health in old age through activity participation, especially comprehensive and formal activities. This emphasises the necessity for targeted interventions.
Constructing Scenarios for the Iranian Health System Using Dynamic System Modeling
Authors: Emami Mozhgan , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Ahmadi-Gohari Milad , Mehrolhassani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Health systems (HSs) are recognized as complex adaptive systems, characterized by unforeseen interactions among their components. The prediction of such behaviors necessitates a systemic-perspective and a comprehensive identification of the dimensions and their interrelationships. In this study, dynamic system modeling was utilized to scrutinize the trends of critical components of Iran’s HS.
Methods
This study adopted a systems thinking and leveraging a system dynamics approach. The HS of Iran was modeled based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) framework, encompassing four dimensions: population health, service delivery, financing, and development. Subsequently, the parameters influencing cost reduction in the HS were modified to test policy implications over the forthcoming decade (2021–2031) under three scenarios: The data were derived from official Iranian statistics and information sources, as well as pertinent studies in the field. The modeling was executed using Vensim DSS6.4E software.
Results
By increasing the population, which is projected to reach 90 million by 2031, 35% of this population will be exposed to hazardous factors, putting approximately 32 million individuals at risk. Consequently, it is anticipated that 9 million people will require inpatient services, 43 million will necessitate outpatient services, and 52 million will need diagnostic and pharmaceutical services. In terms of human resources, the demand for physicians within the system by 2031 is projected to be 135,500, indicating a potential shortage of 20,850 physcians over the next decade. The current costs and expenses of the system are estimated at 17,000 trillion rials. Given the projected resource supply in the system in 2031 (7,807 trillion rials), the expenses are expected to exceed the supply, leading to a budget deficit.
Conclusions
As a result, the demand for medical services is expected to rise. To effectively address the escalating demands of society and improve the current situation, two primary steps must be undertaken. Firstly, strategic planning and interventions need to be enhanced to prevent and reduce the exposure of the population to risk factors. Secondly, infrastructural resources, including manpower, beds, and medical equipment, must be expanded. The model developed facilitates the consideration of changes in key-parameters and the evaluation of their impact on HS.
Potential for Tsunami Detection via CCTV Cameras in Northeastern Toyama Prefecture, Japan Following the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake
Authors: Shirai Tomoki , Enomoto Yota , Haga Keisuke , Tokuta Tatsuhiko , Arikawa Taro , Mori Nobuhito , Imamura Fumihiko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explored Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) networks in northeastern Toyama Prefecture, Japan, as a new data source for tsunami detection following the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake. We analyzed CCTV footage and extracted time-series water level fluctuations at Yokoyama, Shimoiino, and Ekko. Spectral analysis of these waveforms revealed several long-period peaks (more than 100 seconds) in power spectral density (PSD), suggesting the presence of tsunami components. Notably, relatively large PSD peaks at approximately 5–10 minutes were observed at all CCTV locations in this study and at offshore wave observation points (Tanaka and Toyama). At Yokoyama, a maximum run-up of approximately 3 m was confirmed around 16:28. Although water level fluctuations at Shimoiino and Ekko were detected, identifying tsunami components proved challenging due to their small magnitude compared to other wave components. Despite these challenges, this study demonstrates the potential of CCTV networks for tsunami detection, and further research is needed to achieve real-time detection.
Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis of Chloride Diffusivity of Mortar Containing Nano- Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Murthy Yogesh Iyer 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present research investigates the usefulness of NT as a filler ingredient and its influence on the reduction of chloride ion diffusivity (Deff) in mortar. The flow of Cl−ions or flux through the mortar is influenced by the concentration of NT in the material; as NT content increases, flux decreases, indicating a delay in ion migration. There is a negative correlation between the concentration of NT and the diffusion of Cl−ions in the anolyte chamber; the control specimen demonstrates the greatest diffusion. The sample containing NT exhibits a notably reduced diffusion of Cl-ions in comparison to the control sample, indicating a decline in the mobility of Cl-ions in both chambers. Maximum compressive strength of mortar on 3, 7, 28, 56 and 90 days was obtained at 1.5% replacement as also evident from the microstructure at 28 days. The Grey ranking proposed that the control mix has the lowest rank of Deff and decreased with decreasing NT replacement. It is concluded that the Taguchi-based grey relational analysis method is an extremely useful instrument for optimizing such experimental studies. Grey relationship coefficients affect resource utilization, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness; hence this study could increase process efficiency.
A Novel Intrauterine Estrogen-Releasing System for Preventing the Postoperative Recurrence of Intrauterine Adhesion: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Feng Limin , Sun Yun , Zhang Songying , Qian Yonghong , Fang Suping , Yang Baojun , Xu Lizhen , Li Jinghua , Niu Yichao , Zhang Shengpeng , Zhang Luping , Chen Jianmin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background Transcervical resection of adhesions (TCRA) is the standard treatment for intrauterine adhesion (IUA). Previous studies have shown that postoperative oral estrogen or an intrauterine physical barrier could reduce the recurrence of IUA by promoting the proliferation of the endometrium or inhibiting the reformation of adhesions. Our team designed an intrauterine stent that can slowly release estrogen within the uterine cavity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the estrogen-releasing intrauterine system in preventing the recurrence of moderate to severe IUAs.
Methods This was a prospective randomized controlled multicenter 2-arm parallel trial that included patients who were diagnosed with moderate to severe IUA and who received TCRA. A total of 250 patients were randomly assigned, at a 1:1 ratio, to receive the intrauterine estrogen-releasing system or a Foley catheter balloon combined with oral estrogen therapy after surgery. The primary outcome was the rate of adhesion remission in the two groups. The secondary outcomes included endometrial thickness at the period of ovulation, menstrual improvement rates, serum estradiol levels, pregnancy rates, and other reported adverse events during follow-up. t test, chi-squared, Fisher’s exact probability tests and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to assess the data in this research.
Results At 60 days postoperatively, the rate of adhesion reduction was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (93.33% vs. 58.56%, P<0.001). The endometrium of the experimental group was thicker than that of the control group (p<0.001). Consistently, the rate of improvement in menstruation was greater in the experimental group than in the control group (p=0.010). No grade 3-4 adverse events were found in the two groupsduring the one-year follow-up.
Conclusion In the cohort of patients with moderate to severe IUA, the intrauterine estrogen-releasing system was more effective at reducing adhesion than traditional oral estrogen combined with an intrauterine Foley catheter after TCRA. This novel intrauterine system provides a new option for the management of IUA after surgery.
Trial registration Registration number is NCT04972032. Date of registration: August 15, 2021.
Differences in NPP drivers and response mechanisms in typical subtropical mountain ecosystems in China
Authors: Zhang Jingbai , Liu Youcun , Labat David , Zhang Jian , Xie Zuolun , Guo Jianan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mountain ecosystems (ME) have experienced significant anthropogenic disturbances, resulting in severe degradation. Due to their intricate topography, climatic zonation, and spatial heterogeneity, the spatial and temporal evolution of net productivity in ME, and the underlying driving mechanisms remain unclear. This study focuses on the Southern Hilly Mountainous Belt of China (SHMB) to investigate the trends in net primary productivity (NPP) and its response mechanism from 2001 to 2020. The study employs various quantitative methods such as Theil-Sen slope estimator, Mann-Kendall trend test, Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM) analysis, Granger Causality analysis, and Geographical Detectors. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) CCM analysis is deemed suitable for monitoring the causal relationship between climate factors and NPP. (2) NPP exhibits a significant decreasing trend in the eastern and central regions of SHMB while showing a notable increase in the northwestern region. The southwestern region demonstrates a declining trend due to warming and drying effects. (3) NPP is slightly lower on sunny slopes compared to shady slopes. Human activities significantly impact vegetation at lower altitudes by altering forest stand structures which affects carbon sequestration capacity. Vegetation at higher altitudes is primarily influenced by precipitation with temperature playing a lesser direct role. In conclusion, climatic factors exert limited influence on NPP at lower altitudes underscoring the importance of regional governments' efforts towards improving ecological environment through effective forest management practices. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of the carbon cycle process crucial for achieving carbon neutrality, enhancing ecological functions, and studying global change.
Flagellin-adjuvanted trivalent mucosal vaccine targeting key periodontopathic bacteria
Authors: Lee Shee Eun , Loeurng Vandara , Puth Sao , Hong Seol Hee , Lee Yun Suhk , Radhakrishnang Kamalakannan , Koh Jeong Tae , Kook Joong-Ki , Rhee Joon Haeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) is caused by microbial dysbiosis and accompanying adverse inflammatory responses. Due to its high incidence and association with various systemic diseases, disease-modifying treatments that modulate dysbiosis serve promising therapeutic approaches. In this study, to simulate the pathophysiological situation, we established a ‘temporary ligature plus oral infection model’ that incorporates temporary silk ligature and oral infection with the cocktail of live Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Pophyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) in mice and tested the efficacy of a new trivalent mucosal vaccine. It has been reported that Tf, a red complex pathogen, amplifies periodontitis severity by interacting with periodontopathic bacteria such as Pg and Fn. Here we developed a recombinant mucosal vaccine targeting a surface-associated protein BspA of Tf by genetically combining truncated BspA with built-in adjuvant flagellin (FlaB). To simultaneously induce Tf-, Pg-, and Fn-specific immune responses, it was formulated as a trivalent mucosal vaccine containing Tf-FlaB-tBspA (BtB), Pg-Hgp44-FlaB (HB), and Fn-FlaB-tFomA (BtA). Intranasal immunization with the trivalent mucosal vaccine (BtB+HB+BtA) prevented alveolar bone loss and gingival pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Vaccinated mice exhibited significant induction of Tf-tBspA-, Pg-Hgp44-, and Fn-tFomA-specific IgG and IgA responses in the serum and saliva, respectively. The anti-sera and anti-saliva efficiently inhibited epithelial cell invasion by Tf and Pg and interfered with biofilm formation by Fn. In summary, the flagellin-adjuvanted trivalent mucosal vaccine-mediated immunomodulation would serve as a promising choice for clinically managing dysbiotic bacteria-induced periodontitis.
INVESTIGACIÓN DE MERCADO DESDE UN ENFOQUE MULTIDISCIPLINARIO
Authors: Calle García Aldrin Jefferson , Baque Quimis Leiberth Jair , Franco Toala Francisco Javier 
Published: March 2024

Este estudio trata sobre la investigación de mercado desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria, destacando la importancia de disciplinas como la economía, psicología del consumidor, sociología y estadística. Enfrenta el problema de la falta de comprensión de la interconexión entre diversas disciplinas en el ámbito de la investigación de mercado. Para ello, la investigación tiene como objetivo analizar cómo este enfoque integral incide en las decisiones empresariales. Los resultados más relevantes señalan que el 75% de las empresas exitosas adoptan estrategias multidisciplinarias, con un aumento del 20% en el éxito del lanzamiento de nuevos productos al incorporar psicología del consumidor y sociología. Desde diversas disciplinas, la competencia estimula la innovación, generando un aumento promedio del 18% en los ingresos anuales para empresas con enfoque multidisciplinario. Por otro lado, la economía se presenta como una herramienta fundamental, generando un constante aumento del 90% en los márgenes de ganancia. Además, la psicología del consumidor y sociología impactan directamente en la lealtad del cliente, con aumentos del 92% y 60%, respectivamente. La estadística, como componente central, mejora la precisión de las proyecciones de mercado en un 80%. En conclusión, la interconexión de disciplinas no solo impulsa la eficacia operativa, sino que también influye positivamente en la lealtad del consumidor y en el crecimiento sostenible a largo plazo para las empresas.Principio del formulario
MENGHINDARI KESESATAN DALAM SAMPLING
Authors: Suryanto Suryanto 
Published: March 2024

Akhir-akhir ini sering terjadi demonstrasi yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa. Salah satu tuntutan yang diajukan oleh para demonstran adalah reformasi ekonomi dan reformasi politik.Misalkan pola suatu saat para pengusul reformasi menghen- daki dicabutnya undang-undang Nomor 1998 Tatrun X, dan menyatakan bahwa tututannya itu merupakan kehendak dari 90% mahasiswa di seluruh tanah air, tetapi ada pihak yang meragukan pernyataan tentang jumlah 90% itu, dan pihak yang meragukan pernyataan itu berpendapat bahwa jumlah mahasiswa yang menghendaki pencabutan Undang- Undang Nomor 1998 itu jauh di bawat 90%.
SIFAT KENDALA PEMROGRAMAN KERUCUT ORDER DUA DENGAN NORMA ∞
Authors: Caturiyati Caturiyati 
Published: March 2024

Masalah pemrograman kerucut order dua (Second Order Cone Programming/SOCP) dengan norma merupakan suatu masalah yang merupakan bentuk khusus dari masalah pemrograman kerucut order dua dengan norma 2. Pada makalah ini dikembangkan pengertian kerucut order dua (Second Order Cone/SOC) dengan norma dan sifat sifat kendala pemrograman kerucut order dua dengan Norma berdasarkan pada pengertian kerucut order dua dengan norma 2 dan pemrograman kerucut order dua dengan norma 2. Paper ini ditulis dengan menguraikan pengertian kerucut order dua dengan norma 2 dan pemrograman kerucut order dua dengan norma 2, dilanjutkan dengan mengembangkan pengertian kerucut order dua dengan norma dan pemrograman kerucut order dua dengan norma besera sifat-sifat yang dihasilkannya.Kata kunci: Second Order Cone (SOC), Second Order Cone Programming