bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oceanography, sedimentology and acoustic mapping of a bryomol carbonate factory in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Halfar J. , Strasser M. , Riegl B. , Godinez-Orta L. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Bryomol carbonates, composed of bryozoans and molluscs, are found in non-tropical shelf and upper slope settings where they are sensitive indicators of oceanographic conditions. Few modern bryomol carbonate settings have been investigated to date, despite their importance in the Phanerozoic rock record. Furthermore, no detailed facies mapping and long-term oceanographic observations have been undertaken in modern bryomol settings, even though this is important for accurately interpreting facies, climate and oceanography from fossil bryomol carbonates. A bryomol carbonate factory on the western margin of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico was selected for an integrated high-resolution
in situ
oceanographic monitoring, acoustic seafloor mapping, sediment and bryozoan growth morphology study. Molluscan- (28%), bryozoan- (25%) and barnacle- (14%) dominated carbonate production takes place under normal saline warm-temperate eutrophic conditions, with average near sea surface temperatures of 20°C. Even though temperatures are unusually warm for the formation of bryomol carbonates, they develop as a result of prevailing eutrophic conditions (average chlorophyll-
a
contents of 2.2 mg chl-
a
m
−3
). Eutrophic conditions provide ample food to heterotrophic calcifiers and largely exclude faster-growing phototrophic organisms by drastically restricting the depth of the euphotic zone and, therefore, water clarity. Thus, the presence of high amounts of nutrients can generate cool-water-type carbonate assemblages at temperatures where a warm-water association would be expected.
Carbonate sedimentation, climate change and stratigraphic completeness on a Miocene cool-water epeiric ramp, Murray Basin, South Australia
Authors: Lukasik Jeff , James Noel P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLower to Middle Miocene warm temperate-water carbonates of the Murray Supergroup, comprising both fossiliferous heterozoan and foraminifer photozoan facies, accumulated on a low-energy, marine, mesotrophic epeiric ramp in a broad, shallow, intracratonic basin. Depositional conditions ranged from temperate-water with abundant nutrients supplied from the surrounding hinterland under a cool, moist climate regime in the early Miocene, to warm-temperate and subtropical seas with reduced levels of trophic resources associated with an increasingly arid regional climate in the middle Miocene. The succession is separated into three, metre-scale, 1.25–2.75 Ma, transgressive-regressive sequences, or stratigraphic packages. Transgressive carbonates range from Lower Miocene, heterozoan, open-marine echinoidal and bryozoan facies to Middle Miocene, bryozoan-rich, open-marine foraminifer-photozoan facies. Regressive deposits are mainly heterozoan, varying from restricted nearshore marine clays to molluscan seagrass meadow facies, all of which are interpreted to represent highly mesotrophic water conditions. The turn-around from transgression to regression, the transition zone, is variably preserved depending upon the ability of the depositional system to track changes in falling sea-level and is critical to the completeness of the succession. Stratigraphic completeness dramatically increases from the Lower to Middle Miocene stratigraphic packages as rates of sediment production and accumulation increased in conjunction with higher water temperatures and climatic aridity set against a background of increasing eustatic amplitudes. The result is a greenhouse-style succession generated in an evolving icehouse world. This highlights the principle that while allogenic repetition is produced by eustatic forcing, the nature and completeness of the ‘cool-water’ carbonate stratigraphic record can vary significantly due to subtle changes in the nature of the carbonate factory, which are, in turn, determined by sea-water temperature and trophic resources related to climate.
Epitaxial calcite cements in Earth history: a cooler-water phenomenon during aragonite-sea times?
Authors: Knoerich Andrea C. , Mutti Maria 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Epitaxial calcite overgrowths on echinoderm fragments are important contributors to the rock record during specific time intervals in Earth history (so-called ‘calcite-sea’ times). Such overgrowths also occur throughout the Phanerozoic in heterozoan carbonate associations, where, these cements often form the volumetrically most important cement type. The origin and environment in which this cement forms are controversially debated, reaching from early marine, meteoric, burial to emergence. The formation of epitaxial overgrowth in calcite sea shallow-water carbonates is reported from early diagenetic environments (marine, marine burial and meteoric), whereas for aragonite sea shallow-water heterozoan carbonates generally a later, burial diagenetic environment of epitaxial cement precipitation is stated. Data from the central Mediterranean area (Maltese Islands and Sicily) show that also in heterozoan shallow-water carbonates the main phase of epitaxial cement precipitation can occur early, in the marine, meteoric and marine burial environment. Cementation was not sourced by pressure solution of calcitic grains, which clearly postdates epitaxial cement growth, but by the early dissolution of aragonitic biota. These findings underline the importance of aragonitic components as an early cement source in aragonite-sea time non-tropical/heterozoan carbonates and emphasize the similarity of the diagenetic evolution of these rocks with calcite-sea time tropical carbonates.
The history of meteoritics — overview
Authors: McCall G. J. H. , Bowden A. J. , Howarth R. J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This volume was proposed after Peter Tandy and Joe McCall organized a 1-day meeting of the History of Geology Group, which is affiliated to the Geological Society, at the Natural History Museum in December 2003. This meeting covered the History of Meteoritics up to 1920 and nine presentations were included, the keynote talk being given by Ursula Marvin. There was an enthusiastic audience of about 50, who expressed the view that this meeting should lead to a publication. Dr Cherry Lewis, the chairperson of the group, discussed this with Joe McCall, who said that the material was too small for a Special Publication, but it could be developed by expanding it, taking the history through the 20th century, when there was a revolution and immense expansion both in the scope of meteorite finds and the application of meteoritics to scientific research on a very broad front with the advent of the Space Age. This was agreed and a format of about 24 articles was designed, approaches being made to selected authors.
The sections of this Special Publication relate to the early development of meteoritics as a science; collecting and museum collections; researches establishing the provenance of meteorites; and impact craters and tektites.
The Neolithic pottery of Abri Pendimoun (Castellar, France): a petro-archaeometric study
Authors: Basso E. , Binder D. , Messiga B. , Riccardi M. P. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Middle and Late Neolithic ceramics from Abri Pendimoun (Castellar, France) and their geological raw materials have been investigated to characterize the ceramic bodies and to determine the possible provenance of raw materials. Petrographic, mineralogical and energy-dispersive spectrometry analyses were undertaken to define the compositional parameters of sherds and to clarify the relationship between Square Mouthed Pottery-phase I (VBQ I) and Chassey Culture. The ceramic bodies were generally made from glauconite-rich layers and terra rossa, unprocessed or mixed in variable proportions. Different kinds of temper, such as carbonates and/or aplite fragments, were added to the mixtures. Although most of the analysed ceramics were produced locally, a few mixtures show the addition of exogenous rocks. Although these ceramics could be interpreted as imported, we demonstrate that local clayey materials were used at Abri Pendimoun. The hypothesis that pottery was imported can therefore be ruled out. A small amount of crushed calcite (5%) was added to some glauconitic pellet mixtures. Pots made with this mixture are normally referred to the VBQ I. This combination of mixture and shape indicates that there was an important link between the VBQ I and Chassey Cultures.
Late La Tène pottery from western Switzerland: one regional or several local workshops?
Authors: Maggetti Marino , Galetti Giulio 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A total of 203 pieces of fine ceramic and four clays from seven sites of western Switzerland (Bern, Genève, Grotte du Four, La Tène, Marin, Saint-Triphon — Massongex and Yverdon) were studied chemically and mineralogically to determine if there was local production at each site and if trade links existed between the sites. Firing wasters from Bern and the region of Genève indicate local ceramic production. The sherds are often contaminated with secondary phosphorus and, in the case of Bern, copper. Most of the fine ceramic is CaO-poor, contrasting with the CaO-rich clays. Based on the chromium and nickel concentrations, it can be subdivided into two distinct groups. The majority of the sherd populations from Genève, Saint-Triphon and Massongex, as well as a few specimens from Bern, La Tène and Yverdon, have high Cr and Ni values. The remaining sherds have low Cr and Ni concentrations. The analyses show that: (1) the fine ceramic from each of the seven sites forms an often inhomogeneous and widely dispersed group, distinct from the others; consequently, it is most probably a local or regional product; (2) ceramic import is probable for one piece from Grotte du Four (provenance Yverdon); (3) the Late La Tène fine ceramic was manufactured mainly from silicate or silicate-carbonate, fat to lean clays.
Chemical-mineralogical characterization of historical bricks from Ferrara: an integrated bulk and micro-analytical approach
Authors: Bianchini Gianluca , Marrocchino Elena , Moretti Alessandro , Vaccaro Carmela 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

In this paper we present bulk X-ray fluorescence-X-ray diffraction (XRF/XRD) and microanalytical scanning electron microscope-electron microprobe analysis (SEM-EMPA) data on historical bricks from Medieval or Renaissance buildings of Ferrara (NE Italy) to provide insights into the nature and provenance of the raw material as well as clues on the sintering techniques. Chemical data indicate that the starting materials were obtained by mixing high Cr-Ni clay and subordinate sand (both quarried from the P
o
river alluvial deposits) with the possible introduction of a Na-rich flux component. Thin-section observation, XRD and micro-analytical data indicate the presence of key accessory phases such as pyroxene, amphibole, epidote and rare olivine in the pre-fired mineral assemblage, confirming the utilization of the Po river sediments. Recognition of neo-formation firing phases (e.g. melilite, wollastonite), together with composition of micas, amphiboles and interstitial glasses, indicate kiln temperatures between
c.
800 and 1000 °C. This provides guidelines for making new compatible and durable bricks to be utilized for restoration, and contributes to the preservation of historical masonry.
Pre-industrial glassmaking in the Swiss Jura: the refractory earth for the glassworks of Derrière Sairoche (ct. Bern, 1699–1714)
Authors: Eramo G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Fragments of the melting furnace and several crucibles of the glassworks of Derrière Sairoche are compared with local raw materials. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the chemical composition and on the grain-size distribution of the archaeological and natural materials demonstrates that the analysed samples were made from the same raw material and that local clayey sands (Hupper, Sidérolithique) were exploited. Availability
in situ
of good raw materials made tempering unnecessary. Their high melting point (
c.
1600 °C) allowed good performance in service conditions at temperatures up to 1500 °C. Moreover, because of low Fe
2
O
3tot
concentrations, batch-glass contamination was avoided.
Petrographic features and thermal behaviour of the historically known ‘pietra ollare’ from the Italian Central Alps (Valchiavenna and Valmalenco)
Authors: Antonelli Fabrizio , Santi Patrizia , Renzulli Alberto , Bonazza Alessandra 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Thermal and porosimetric properties of different lithotypes of ‘pietra ollare’ (magnesite-bearing talc-shists, chlorite-schists, tremolite-bearing chlorite-schists and serpentine-schists) from the Italian Central Alps (Valchiavenna and Valmalenco) have been investigated. Some cross-correlations are established among the main mineral—petrographic and textural features, thermal behaviour and historical utilization of these lithotypes for the production of stoves and cooking pots during the Middle Ages. All the analysed samples show (1) low total open porosity (0.73–2.85%) with meso- and micropores prevailing over macropores; (2) regular linear expansion up to
c.
700 °C, good thermal stability up to 1200 °C and negligible weight loss (< 1%) to
c.
500 °C; (3) high thermal expansion (5.57 × 10
−6
°C
−1
< α
25–100 °C
< 8.89 × 10
−6
°C
−1
). The results indicate that, under the thermal conditions typical of the traditional medieval ‘open fire system’ (
T
≤ 600 °C), the Italian ‘pietra ollare’ from the Central Alps was an excellent fire-resistant geomaterial, which did not undergo any significant transformation as a result of thermal shocks.
Prehistoric polished stone artefacts in Italy: a petrographic and archaeological assessment
Authors: D’Amico Claudio , Starnini Elisabetta 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The paper illustrates the results of an archaeometric project on the raw material characterization of some collections of prehistoric polished stone tools, dated from the Early Neolithic to the Bronze Age, from sites located in Northern Italy. The petrographic analyses (surface and thin-section microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption spectrometry) revealed a raw material circulation network involving the whole of Northern Italy. Here occur the outcrops of high-pressure (HP) meta-ophiolites, which were widely utilized from the Early Neolithic onwards for the manufacture of polished cutting-edged tools, which are represented by axes, adzes and chisels. Other raw materials, such as serpentinites, seem to have been preferred for the production of other types of artefacts, including stone rings used as bracelets. The analyses revealed that the prehistoric polished stone artefacts were made from uncommon lithologies such as Alpine eclogites, jades and other HP meta-ophiolites. These rocks were exploited from primary and secondary sources, mainly located in Piedmont, the Aosta Valley and Liguria. During the Neolithic these lithologies are the dominant raw material for the polished stone tools in Northern Italy and southeastern France. In the same period, in other European countries the same lithologies occur less frequently as axe or adze blades; in NW Europe they were frequently used for manufacturing long ceremonial axes, which have a typology that does not appear to belong to the Italian tradition.
The stone of the inscribed Etruscan stelae from the Valdelsa area (Siena, Italy)
Authors: Gandin A. , Capezzuoli E. , Ciacci A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

The results of an archaeometric study on five inscribed Etruscan funerary stelae, produced during the second half of the sixth century
BC
, in the Valdelsa area (NW of Siena, Italy), are reported. The style of the inscriptions suggests the presence of a local culture and a common language. The stone used to make the stelae is a laminated limestone consisting of the alternation of more or less compact bands whose petrographic features can be compared to those of travertines (continental carbonates deposited from hot springs). The fabric of the stone of these stelae implies provenance from a thermal deposit, in the Valdelsa area, where calcareous tufa dominates; however, hot water deposits are probably to be found in the Gracciano Val d’Elsa area, not far from the localities where the stelae were found.
Geochemical and petrographic approaches to chert tool provenance studies: evidence from two western USA Holocene archaeological sites
Authors: Morgenstein Maury 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Chert (flint, jasper and agate) from a late Holocene site in Elko, northern Nevada, USA, and a Mid-Holocene site east of Seattle, Washington, USA, represents a wide range of geological source environments for microcrystalline polymorphs of quartz. Potential chert source material and lithic artefacts from these two archaeological sites are utilized to develop laboratory approaches to provenance studies. Chert paragenesis determined by petrographic analysis and geochemical cluster fingerprinting using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and ICP-mass spectrometry analyses accompanied by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis provides compelling source to artefact correlations.
Mid-Cretaceous stratigraphy of the James Ross Basin, Antarctica
Authors: Crame J. A. , Pirrie D. , Riding J. B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe extensive Cretaceous sedimentary sequence exposed within the James Ross Basin, Antarctica, is critical for regional stratigraphic correlations in the Southern Hemisphere, and also for our understanding of the radiation and extinction of a range of taxonomic groups. However, the nature and definition of Cenomanian-Turonian strata on the NW margins of James Ross Island has previously been difficult, due both to marked lateral facies changes and to stratigraphical discontinuities within the extensive Whisky Bay Formation. Facies variation and local unconformities were the result of fault-controlled deep-marine sedimentation along the basin margin. In this study the Albian-Cenomanian boundary is defined for the first time in the upper levels of the Lewis Hill Member of the Whisky Bay Formation. However, there is a Cenomanian-late Turonian unconformity between the Lewis HIll and Brandy Bay members of the Whisky Bay Formation. Equivalent lithostratigraphical units exposed further to the SW on James Ross Island appear to be more complete with the early Cenomanian-late Turonian interval represented by the upper parts of the Tumbledown Cliffs and the lower part of the Rum Cove members of the Whisky Bay Formation. The Turonian-Coniacian boundary is provisionally placed at the junction between the Whisky Bay and Hidden Lake formations. The revised stratigraphic ages for this section show that the Late Cretaceous radiations of a number of major plant and animal groups can be traced back to at least the Turonian stage. This raises the possibility that their dissemination might be linked to the global Cretaceous thermal maximum.
Late Cretaceous Antarctic fish diversity
Authors: Kriwet J. , Lirio J. M. , Nuñez H. J. , Puceat E. , Lécuyer C. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
New material from the Santa Marta Formation (late Coniacian-?early Maastrichtian) of James Ross Island contributes significantly to the current knowledge of Late Cretaceous Antarctic fish diversity. The taxon list for the Santa Marta Formation is extended, and new records of neoselachians and teleosts are reported. The stratigraphic ranges of some previously known taxa are enlarged, and the palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology of Late Cretaceous Antarctic fishes are discussed. Top predators that occupied the higher levels in the food chain along with marine tetrapods dominate the marine faunas from the Santa Marta and López de Bertodano formations. The only fish adapted to crushing hard-shelled invertebrates were the chimeroids. Rays, an important component of marine fish associations, as well as fish from lower trophic levels, remain unknown from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica.
Late Eocene penguins from West Antarctica: systematics and biostratigraphy
Authors: Tambussi C. P. , Acosta Hospitaleche C. I. , Reguero M. A. , Marenssi S. A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Penguins are by far the most dominant group of marine vertebrates in the Eocene La Meseta Formation (Seymour Island, Antarctica). We analysed the penguin fauna recovered there from both a systematic and a biostratigraphic point of view. We have added two new species (
Tonniornis mesetaensis
and
T. minimum
) and have defined a biostratigraphic unit, the
Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi
Biozone. This interval of strata, easily distinguishable by the numerous occurrence of penguin bones and the phosphatic brachiopod
Lingula
, is located nearly 30–35 m below the top of the 145 m-thick Submeseta Allomember. The highest morphological and taxonomic penguin diversity living sympatrically (organisms that live simultaneously in the same place), including giant and tiny species, is documented in this interval. Fossil penguins bones studied in this paper, recovered from rocks interpreted as shallow-marine deposits, accumulated between 34.2 and 36.13 Ma (late Late Eocene).
The late Middle Eocene terrestrial vertebrate fauna from Seymour Island: the tails of the Eocene Patagonian size distribution
Authors: Case Judd A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The Middle Eocene Antarctic terrestrial vertebrate palaeofauna from the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island (= Isla Marambio), Antarctic Peninsula has a U-shaped, bimodal distribution of body sizes. This palaeofauna includes a wide range of body sizes from small insectivorous, omnivorous and granivorous marsupials, a rodent-like non-therian gondwanathere, large-sized ungulates, a sloth and cursorial birds (a ratite and a phororachoid). Medium-sized, homeothermic animals in the size range represented by rabbit to small ungulate-sized animals have not been found.
For comparison, the Early Eocene Casamayoran (Vacan ‘subage’) mammalian palaeofauna from Patagonia has a reasonably normal distribution of body sizes, with the modal class represented by medium-sized mammals, a distribution that is the direct opposite of the Antarctic palaeofauna. A comparison of the Middle Eocene Antarctic palaeofauna from the La Meseta Formation to the early Eocene Vacan-aged mammal palaeofauna is appropriate, due to the taxonomic affinities of the Antarctic palaeofauna to Riochican (latest Palaeocene) and Vacan-aged palaeofaunas of Patagonia. If these Patagonian mammalian palaeofaunas (PMP) were the source for the La Meseta palaeofauna (LMP), then a similar normal distribution with less taxonomic diversity would be expected. However, the LMP does not meet this expectation or even a distribution where all size classes are equally represented. Thus, the pattern of size distribution is quite different from the PMPs.

Floral data for the Early Eocene of Patagonia indicate subtropical conditions with mean annual temperatures (MAT) of 15.6 °C and equable winter temperatures (>10 °C) generating high taxonomic diversity at the species level. Floral data from the La Meseta Formation of equivalent age to the mammalian fauna indicate a cooler MAT of 11–13 °C with a highly seasonal climate, where the mean winter temperature could have ranged from −3 to 2 °C. There is also a significant drop in floral taxonomic diversity, which is dominated by
Nothofagus
.

A bimodal body size distribution pattern is not an unusual pattern for higher latitude mammalian faunas. Modern boreal mammalian faunas of North America have a low frequency of species in the medium body size range in response to cold winter temperatures in these higher latitudes. The smaller-sized mammals have adapted their physiology to the cold winter temperatures. The larger animals have adapted to the cold winter conditions by conserving heat through small surface-area-to-volume ratios as a result of their greater bulk. The low frequency of medium-sized animals is due to the fact that neither of these thermal strategies is available to them and thus they are at a selective disadvantage.