bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) receptor-II is required for TNF-α–induced leukocyte-endothelial interaction in vivo
Authors: Chandrasekharan Unni M. , Siemionow Maria , Unsal Murat , Yang Lin , Poptic Earl , Bohn Justin , Ozer Kagan , Zhou Zhongmin , Howe Philip H. , Penn Marc , DiCorleto Paul E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) binds to 2 distinct cell-surface receptors: TNF-α receptor-I (TNFR-I: p55) and TNF-α receptor-II (TNFR-II: p75). TNF-α induces leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (ECs), which mediate 3 defined steps of the inflammatory response; namely, leukocyte rolling, firm adhesion, and transmigration. In this study, we have investigated the role of p75 in TNF-α–induced leukocyte adhesion molecules using cultured ECs derived from wild-type (WT), p75-null (p75−/−), or p55-null (p55−/−) mice. We observed that p75 was essential for TNF-α–induced E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression. We also investigated the putative role of p75 in inflammation in vivo using an intravital microscopic approach with a mouse cremaster muscle model. TNF-α–stimulated leukocyte rolling, firm adhesion to ECs, and transmigration were dramatically reduced in p75−/− mice. Transplanted WT cremaster in p75−/− mice showed a robust leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion upon TNF-α activation, suggesting that the impairment in EC-leukocyte interaction in p75−/− mice is due to EC dysfunction. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that endothelial p75 is essential for TNF-α–induced leukocyte–endothelial-cell interaction. Our findings may contribute to the identification of novel p75-targeted therapeutic approaches for inflammatory diseases.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory celiac disease with aberrant T cells
Authors: Al-toma Abdulbaqi , Visser Otto J. , van Roessel Hyacintha M. , von Blomberg B. Mary E. , Verbeek Wieke H. M. , Scholten Petra E. T. , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Huijgens Peter C. , Mulder Chris J. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an increasingly accepted treatment for refractory autoimmune diseases. Refractory celiac disease with aberrant T cells (RCD type II) is unresponsive to available therapies and carries a high risk of transition into enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL). This study reports on the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of ASCT in patients with RCD type II. Thirteen patients with RCD type II were evaluated. Seven patients (4 men, 3 women, mean age 61.5 years [range, 51-69 years]) underwent transplantation. After conditioning with fludarabine and melphalan, ASCT was performed. Patients were monitored for response, adverse effects, and hematopoietic reconstitution. All 7 patients completed the mobilization and leukapheresis procedures successfully and subsequently underwent conditioning and transplantation. Engraftment occurred in all patients. No major nonhematologic toxicity or transplantation-related mortality was observed. There was a significant reduction in the aberrant T cells in duodenal biopsies associated with improvement in clinical well-being and normalization of hematologic and biochemical markers (mean follow-up, 15.5 months; range, 7-30 months). One patient died 8 months after transplantation from progressive neuroceliac disease. These preliminary results showed that high-dose chemotherapy followed by ASCT seems feasible and safe and might result in long-term improvement of patients with RCD type II whose condition did not respond promptly to available drugs.
Characterisation of a transgenic mouse expressing R122H human cationic trypsinogen
Authors: Selig Lena , Sack Ulrich , Gaiser Sebastian , Klöppel Günter , Savkovic Vuk , Mössner Joachim , Keim Volker , Bödeker Hans 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
The R122H mutation of the cationic trypsinogen was found in patients with hereditary pancreatitis. A transgenic animal carrying this mutation could be useful as a genetic model system of pancreatitis.

Methods
Mice transgenic for the human R122H cationic trypsinogen were generated using the -205 fragment of the rat elastase promoter. The presence of the transgene was assayed in the DNA, in pancreatic mRNA and in zymogen granule lysates. Serum levels of amylase, lipase and cytokines (MCP-1, IL-6) were monitored and the histological appearance of the tissue was investigated. Pancreatitis was induced by 7 hourly injections of 50 μg/kg cerulein. The procedure was repeated twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. The animals were sacrificed 24 (n = 8) and 48 hours (n = 8) after the first injection and at the end of the whole treatment (n = 7).

Results
The transgene was detected at the genomic level and in pancreatic mRNA. The corresponding protein was found in low amounts in zymogen granule lysates. R122H mice showed elevated pancreatic lipase, but there was no spontaneous development of pancreatitis within 18 months. After induction of pancreatitis, levels of lipase (after 24 hours) and amylase (after 48 hours) were higher in R122H mice compared to controls. Repeated treatment with cerulein resulted in a slightly more severe pancreatitis in R122H animals. Amylase, lipase, and the cytokine levels were similar to controls.

Conclusion
The R122H transgenic mouse failed to develop a spontaneous pancreatitis but a repeatedly provoked cerulein-induced pancreatitis led to a slightly more severe pancreatitis. The rather small difference in comparison to controls could be due to the low expression of the transgene in the mouse pancreas.
Large-scale computations on histology images reveal grade-differentiating parameters for breast cancer
Authors: Petushi Sokol , Garcia Fernando U , Haber Marian M , Katsinis Constantine , Tozeren Aydin 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Tumor classification is inexact and largely dependent on the qualitative pathological examination of the images of the tumor tissue slides. In this study, our aim was to develop an automated computational method to classify Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained tissue sections based on cancer tissue texture features.

Methods
Image processing of histology slide images was used to detect and identify adipose tissue, extracellular matrix, morphologically distinct cell nuclei types, and the tubular architecture. The texture parameters derived from image analysis were then applied to classify images in a supervised classification scheme using histologic grade of a testing set as guidance.

Results
The histologic grade assigned by pathologists to invasive breast carcinoma images strongly correlated with both the presence and extent of cell nuclei with dispersed chromatin and the architecture, specifically the extent of presence of tubular cross sections. The two parameters that differentiated tumor grade found in this study were (1) the number density of cell nuclei with dispersed chromatin and (2) the number density of tubular cross sections identified through image processing as white blobs that were surrounded by a continuous string of cell nuclei. Classification based on subdivisions of a whole slide image containing a high concentration of cancer cell nuclei consistently agreed with the grade classification of the entire slide.

Conclusion
The automated image analysis and classification presented in this study demonstrate the feasibility of developing clinically relevant classification of histology images based on micro- texture. This method provides pathologists an invaluable quantitative tool for evaluation of the components of the Nottingham system for breast tumor grading and avoid intra-observer variability thus increasing the consistency of the decision-making process.
Screening for plant transporter function by expressing a normalized Arabidopsis full-length cDNA library in Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Nour-Eldin Hussam H , Nørholm Morten HH , Halkier Barbara A 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
We have developed a functional genomics approach based on expression cloning in Xenopus oocytes to identify plant transporter function. We utilized the full-length cDNA databases to generate a normalized library consisting of 239 full-length Arabidopsis thaliana transporter cDNAs. The genes were arranged into a 96-well format and optimized for expression in Xenopus oocytes by cloning each coding sequence into a Xenopus expression vector.

Results
Injection of 96 in vitro transcribed cRNAs from the library in pools of columns and rows into oocytes and subsequent screening for glucose uptake activity identified three glucose transporters. One of these, AtSTP13, had not previously been experimentally characterized.

Conclusion
Expression of the library in Xenopus oocytes, combined with uptake assays, has great potential in assignment of plant transporter function and for identifying membrane transporters for the many plant metabolites where a transporter has not yet been identified.
An evaluation of the carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of traumatic laryngeal stenosis
Authors: Shugar Joel M. A. , Som Peter M. , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe most common cause of laryngeal stenosis is trauma. The treatment of this condition is difficult as attested to by the numerous procedures described in the literature. Recently a new modality, the CO2 laser, has been added to the list. The advantage of this procedure is that it can be performed endoscopically.The purpose of this paper is to present 16 cases of traumatic laryngeal stenosis treated by the laser. The chance of achieving a successful result was greatest in patients with supraglottic stenosis due to redundant soft tissue or localized scaring.
Cervical cysts: Cancer until proven otherwise?
Authors: Cinberg James Z. , Silver Carl E. , Molnar John J. , Vogl Steven E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA cystic neck mass can be either malignant or benign; 22% of patients (4/18) admitted with the tentative diagnosis of branchial cyst in a recent 2‐year period (1977‐1979) had metastatic carcinoma: epidermoid, thyroid or salivary gland. Preoperative fine needle aspiration was diagnostic in 1 instance and unhelpful in 2. Frozen section analysis of the gross specimen invariably provided the correct diagnosis. All patients with malignancies had subclinical primary disease and in 1 instance random biopsies identified its origin.The prudent surgeon will avoid untoward results if he approaches a neck cyst in an adult as if it were malignant. Guidelines he can follow to prevent the inadvertent removal of a metastasis under the misapprehension that it is a benign neck cyst include: 1. Prior to operation, perform a thorough head and neck examination to identify a primary carcinoma; 2. Do a fine needle aspiration of the mass for cytology. A negative report must be considered inconclusive; 3. Make a gross examination in the operating room of the opened cyst and frozen section processing of suspicious areas; 4. Follow with a panendoscopy and random biopsies of appropriate areas and omplete the neck dissection on the involved side, after a metastatic deposit has been recognized. The preoperative procurement of contingency consent for these procedures is understood.
Adenocarcinoma and adenoma of the middle ear
Authors: Pallanch John F. , Weiland Louis H. , Mcdonald Thomas J. , Facer George W. , Harner Stephen G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrimary middle ear glandular tumors of the adenocarcinoma and adenoma types are rare. The terminology used in describing them is quite varied. Some investigators presume that a distinct recognizable group of these tumors are benign, but because of the rarity of the lesions, such conclusions have been difficult to verify. We review the literature of these lesions and report 11 additional cases. The course was documented in 25 cases in the literature; 20 of these were reported to be benign over periods of follow‐up from 1 month to 10 years, and 5 were fatal. Among our patients, 5 had a benign course, 3 died of causes related to the tumor, and 3 had persistence of their lesion and substantial consequent morbidity. We emphasize the slow growth and elusive nature of these lesions. Histologic evidence of mitoses, roentgenologic evidence of bony destruction, and cranial nerve involvement were factors consistent with a poor prognosis. The origin of these tumors may vary. A similarity to paragangliomas is noted. The ultimate course of these tumors cannot always be predicted from the histologic appearance. Early surgical removal appears to be the most successful therapy.Three of the 4 types of glandular tumors of the external ear canal described by Wetli, et al, can be found in the middle ear: adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. In addition, several other types of glandular lesions can occur in the middle ear — the “choristomas,” mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and what we believe to be a variant of paragangliomas. The adenoid cystic tumors are well described in the literature2 and will not be discussed here. We reviewed cases of the adenoma and adenocarcinoma types, some of which bore a resemblance to the paragangliomas.
Transnasal, transeptal sphenoidal approach to hypophysectomy
Authors: Tucker Harvey M. , Hahn Joseph F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince 1960 the most useful and widely employed technique for transphenoidal hypophysectomy has generally been via the sublabial, transeptal approach. This procedure has offered excellent exposure, limited blood loss and a direct, midline approach through the sphenoid to the hypophysis, thus preserving certain midline structures as a guide to the appropriate point of entry into the Bella turcica. This approach has certain drawbacks, however, not the least of which is the extensive sublabial incision that must be made and the need to remove or otherwise interfere with the nasal spine. This maneuver can result in changes in the vertical dimension of the septal‐collumellar area and, more important, often results in permanent numbness of the upper teeth. In patients who wear dentures, it will sometimes produce a bothersome scar which will require refitting or change in wearing patterns for these dentures. It also requires surgical closure.For the past two years at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation a modified transeptal, transphenoidal approach to hypophysectomy has been undertaken conjointly between the Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders and the Department of Neurosurgery. This approach to hypophysectomy may offer a good alternative to the sublabial approach, and in competent hands avoids some of the complications of the latter procedure.
Paradoxical vocal cord motion: An important cause of stridor
Authors: Kellman Robert M. , Leopold Donald A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractParadoxical vocal cord motion (PVCM) is an important cause of laryngeal stridor and dysphonia; however, only two previous cases have been reported. We report three additional cases, one of which was tracheotomized on two occasions before the diagnosis was made. These patients, typically young females who have had a recent upper respiratory infection, present with stridor. They can phonate weakly, but they cannot cough. Indirect laryngoscopy reveals smooth, symmetric vocal cord adduction on inspiration and abduction on expiration. Laboratory values are normal. PVCM appears to be self‐limited (up to 72 hours), and patients respond to supportive care and sedation. Tracheotomy appears to be unnecessary.The etiology is obscure and may be functional; however, a case is discussed in which PVCM was seen in association with chronic aspiration in a patient with organic brain syndrome. An awareness of this entity and a high index of suspicion can prevent unnecessary tracheotomy.
Peritonsillar abscess: Tonsil antibiotic levels in patients treated by acute abscess surgery
Authors: Maisel Robert H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractForty‐five patients who had tonsillectomy in the acute phase of peritonsillar abscess were studied. All patients received intravenous penicillin or cephalosporin before surgery. Samples of tonsil from each side were evaluated for penicillin and cephalosporin as was a blood sample obtained during surgery. The tonsil tissue antibiotic levels were compared between the infected and non‐abscess side. We expected to find less antibiotic on the inflamed side since less bleeding from the abscessed tonsil bed usually suggests less blood flow through this tonsil, and we also expected a low, satisfactory tissue level in patients under usual regimens of intravenous antibiotics.Our results indicate that 60% of the patients had evidence of streptococcal infections by culture or serum assay. All patients completed the treatment without complications. Eighty‐five percent of abscesses were in the superior pole and 15% were located posteriorly and would be adequately drained only by tonsillectomy. There was no clear seasonal peak to the infection and no evidence of specific virulence of the streptococci found. Tissue antibiotic assay showed only 32% of the patients on penicillin had a measurable tissue level and 66% of the cephalosporin treated patients had detectable antibiotic levels in the tissue. The abscessed tonsil was equally as likely to have increased levels of penicillin as its uninflamed mate while in all cases, where detectable, the abscessed tonsil had increased concentrations of cephalosporin relative to the opposite side. We conclude that penicillin does not penetrate tonsil tissue very well and does not favor either the infected or uninfected side while the cephalosporins may have a specific reduced tissue barrier to penetration in the presence of inflammation. Therefore, we recommend medical treatment with 1 gm of penicillin intravenously every 4 hours or 1 gm of cephalosporin every 6 to 8 hours intravenously with an additional dose of the intravenous antibiotic at the time of tonsillectomy.
Carcinoma in papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (Warthin's tumor)
Authors: Mcclatchey Kenneth D. , Appelblantt Nancy H. , Langin John L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCompared to the number of reported cases of a papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, malignant transformation is a rare event. This paper presents the third documented case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum in a lymph node of the parotid region. Review of the American literature reveals 5 other cases of malignant transformation of papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum including two cases of adenocarcinoma and one case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma with an apparent low potential for metastatic spread.
Airway obstruction in lefort fractures
Authors: Thompson James N. , Gibson Brian , Kohut Robert I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAirway obstruction associated with fractures of the midfacial skeleton can be life‐threatening if not recognized promptly and treated appropriately. One hundred seventeen patients with LeFort fractures were treated between 1978 and 1984. Of the 117 patients, 21 had a LeFort I fracture, 46 had a LeFort II fracture, 14 had a LeFort III fracture, and 36 had various combinations of the three types of LeFort fractures.Thirty‐one patients (26.5%) presented with airway obstruction, decreased respiration, or both, requiring either tracheotomy or endotracheal intubation. Of the 31 patients undergoing emergent tracheotomy or endotrachealintubation, 26 (83.9%) had loss of consciousness relating to their injuries. Thirty‐nine (33.3%) additional patients had an elective tracheotomy either at the time of surgical repair of their fractures or for prolonged endotracheal intubation.Age and sex of the patients played no role in the incidence of airway complications in patients with LeFort fractures. Patients with LeFort III fractures and those with associated injuries such as mandible fracture, laryngeal and pharyngeal injury, and chest or closed head injury are at greater risk for requiring emergent control of the airway.
Hunter's syndrome: A study in airway obstruction
Authors: Sasaki Clarence T. , Ruiz Richard , Kirchner John A. , Gaito Raymond , Seshi Beerelli 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHunter's disease is a genetically transmitted defect known to produce mucopolysaccharide infiltration of multiple organ systems. Upper airway obstruction is caused by an enlarged tongue, deformed pharynx, and short, thick neck. Its eventual lethal outcome by the second decade of life is known to result from an infiltrative cardiomyopathy leading to irreversible heart failure. Instead, our recent experience in the care of five patients with this disorder suggests the lethal event is related to progressive obstruction sequentially involving the upper, mid, and lower airway characterized by gradual deformation and collapse of the trachea. Autopsy and histopathologic whole organ sections demonstrate anteroposterior flattening of the trachea and bronchi with submucosal thickening producing structural alterations known only to this disease.
Determination of obstructive site in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Crumley Roger L. , Stein Mark , Golden Jeff , Gamsu Gordon , Dermon Sabri 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may have airway obstruction at various levels, including the uvula‐soft palate complex, base of tongue, and/or possibly other sites. For patients with tongue base and/or laryngeal obstruction, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP, ppp) will not alleviate the obstruction. Prior authors have proposed that the hyoid bone position as determined by cephalometric x‐rays can predict which patients have obstruction at a lower site than the soft palate.In this study, patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were evaluated with polysomnographic testing, fiberoptic endoscopy, and cine‐CT scans (Imatron Scanner with multiple level rapid sequence scans) in an attempt to determine precisely the site of airway obstruction. Measurements of airway size taken at the time of fiberoptic pharyngoscopy were compared with those determined by the cine‐CT studies.Initial results revealed that fiberoptic pharyngoscopy in the sitting and supine positions was helpful in confirming pharyngeal airway sites with smaller diameters in awake patients. However, the cine‐CT exam performed in both sleeping and awake states provided more direct data regarding the airway during sleep. We feel that with more clinical experience the cine‐CT technique will prove to be the most helpful study for identification of the obstructive airway site in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Nasopharyngeal Complications Following Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Katsantonis George P. , Friedman William H. , Krebs Festus J. , Walsh James K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis report presents our experience with nasopharyngeal complications of UPPP in 85 patients undergoing the procedure from May, 1982 to January, 1985. Three patients developed nasopharyngeal stenosis and one patient developed permanent velopharyngeal insufficiency. Surgical management in two patients with nasopharyngeal stenosis resulted in adequate nasopharyngeal airway, while one patient still has a moderate stenosis following two surgical procedures. The patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency underwent Teflon® paste injection in the posterior pharyngeal wall. This resulted in complete alleviation of his nasal regurgitation.