bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial infarction in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Barrett O'Neill , Saunders Donald E. , McFarland Dee E. , Humphries J. O'Neal 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA review of the electrocardiograms (ECG) of 108 patients with sickle cell anemia found only 3 with patterns consistent with myocardial infarction. Two of the 3 patients with ECG infarct patterns had postmortem examination confirmation of the infarction. These two patients had no significant coronary atherosclerosis nor did the other six autopsied patients in the present series. Literature reports of postmortem examinations on patients with sickle cell anemia confirm the scarcity of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in these patients.Forty of the 108 ECGs showed signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and 20 others had nondiagnostic ST and T wave abnormalities. Nine showed first degree AV block and four right bundle branch block.
T cells and erythroid burst forming units in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Socinski Mark A. , Ershler William B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSubstantial evidence exists indicating T cell abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). There is also evidence that the T cell is an important source of burst promoting activity (BPA) for the peripheral blood (PB) erythroid burst forming unit (BFU‐e). We studied the BPA of T cells and response of BFU‐e in normals and untreated early stage B cell CLL patients in a methylcellulose colony assay. Normal null cell cultures grew significantly more BFU‐e than CLL null cell cultures. Addition of autologous T cells to normal or CLL null cells significantly increased BFU‐e only in normals. Allogeneic coculture of T cells from CLL patients with null cells from normals yielded normal responses of BFU‐e in five of six cases. In contrast, allogeneic coculture of normal T cells with CLL null cells yielded a normal response in only one of six studies. Furthermore, adding increasing quantities of autologous or normal allogeneic T cells to CLL null cells did not augment the BFU‐e response. Accounting for the expanded lymphocyte pool in CLL, BFU‐e are decreased in concentration but the absolute number is normal or increased. The decrease in concentration could be secondary to expansion of the null cell fraction in CLL by pre‐B cells. CLL T cells appeared to augment normal allogeneic PB BFU‐e in a normal fashion, whereas, in several cases, CLL BFU‐e were hyporesponsive to autologous or normal allogeneic T cells. It is therefore apparent that in untreated early stage B cell CLL, erythroid progenitor cells are present in the peripheral blood but are diluted in an expanded null cell compartment and may, in some cases, be hyporesponsive to T cell BPA. T cell BPA of CLL T cells in this early stage of disease is preserved.
The relation of megakaryocyte ploidy to platelet volume
Authors: Bessman J. David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine how alterations of megakaryocyte proliferation will affect platelet production, we measured mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet volume heterogeneity, platelet count, and mean megakaryocyte ploidy in 42 patients. In normal subjects, mean platelet volume and megakaryocyte ploidy were related inversely but nonlin‐early to platelet count, whereas mean platelet volume and platelet volume heterogeneity were related directly. In patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (low platelet count, MPV above normal, and increased megakaryocyte ploidy), and in those with reactive thrombocytosis (high platelet count, low MPV and megakaryocyte ploidy), the relation of MPV to megakaryocyte ploidy, platelet volume heterogeneity, and platelet count resembled or extended the relations found in normal subjects. By contrast, in patients with aplastic anemia or megaloblastic anemia, or in patients who were undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia, heterogeneity was increased abnormally at any MPV, and both MPV and megakaryocyte ploidy were substantially lower, at any platelet volume, than in normals or the above other groups. The most common ploidy class was 8N in all patients, and the mean megakaryocyte ploidy correlated directly and linearly with mean platelet volume. The data show that bone marrow with megakaryocytes of higher ploidy produces platelets that are both larger and more heterogeneous.
Procainamide‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Rosenstein Robert , Kosfeld Rodney E. , Leight Leonard , Liu Yong K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn 81‐year‐old female developed marked thrombocytopenia associated with numerous megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, but without anemia or leukopenia, after taking procainamide (3 g/day) for a period of 2 months. Despite continuation of this medication, treatment with prednisone led to rapid rise in platelet count, and withdrawal of steroid was followed by prompt recurrence of thrombocytopenia. The platelet counts returned to normal after discontinuation of procainamide, and read‐ministration of this drug was followed by reappearance of thrombocytopenia. These observations indicate that exposure to procainamide can cause isolated thrombocytopenia, probably due to immune‐mediated destruction of platelets, and that treatment with prednisone may be promptly beneficial in patients with procainamide‐induced severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding.
Changes in coagulation parameters with exercise in patients with classic hemophilia
Authors: Koch Barbara , Luban Naomi L. C. , Galioto Frank M. , Rick Margaret E. , Goldstein David , Kelleher John F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVigorous exercise is known to increase VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag levels transiently in normal individuals. Although exercise programs are frequently advocated in the management of hemophilia, the effects of exercise on coagulation parameters in these patients have not been well studied. Eleven hemophiliacs were exercised on a bicycle ergometer to maximum voluntary effort as evidenced by an increase in pulse, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamine (norephinephrine and epinephrine) levels. The effects of this exercise on coagulation parameters, including functional and antigenic components of the factor VIII molecule, were determined.The entire group demonstrated a decrease in mean prothrombin time (11.7 to 11.2 sec). Four mild hemophiliacs demonstrated an increase in mean VIII:C (14.5% to 17.3%), and VIII:CAg (12% to 17.8%). Changes in VIII:C and VIII:CAg were not noted in the seven severe hemophiliacs. Both severe and mild patients demonstrated significant changes in fibrinogen, factor II, and factor VII after exercise. This study indicates that submaximal exercise modifies coagulation parameters in patients with hemophilia.
Two successful pregnancies in a woman with chronic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated by plasma infusion
Authors: Lian Eric C.‐Y. , Byrnes John J. , Harkness Donald R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 21‐year‐old primigravida in her 20th week of pregnancy developed TTP. She was managed with weekly or semiweekly plasma infusions and delivered a healthy 1.6 kg baby 2 weeks prior to the expected date of delivery. After delivery she continued to have active TTP with thrombocytopenia which responded repeatedly to plasma infusion though their frequency gradually decreased to about one unit every 3–4 weeks. Three years after the birth of the first child she conceived again and was easily managed with repeated plasma infusions although the frequency and amount of plasma required to prevent thrombocytopenia were increased. She delivered a normal 3.4 kg term baby after which she again had a decreased plasma requirement.This is the first report of a woman with 5 years of active TTP managed with plasma alone. She experienced two pregnancies in which both mother and infant survived. We believe that the use of plasma in the management of TTP during pregnancy will improve the survival rate of both mother and infant.At the time of second birth, the platelet count was low in the mother but normal in the baby. This suggests that the platelet depressing factor of this patient does not cross the placental barrier.
Infectious complications in 127 patients with hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Golomb Harvey M. , Hadad Laura J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInformation regarding infectious complications was obtained on 127 patients with hairy cell leukemia who were diagnosed between March 1974 and April 1982. Forty‐seven patients (37%) had 111 documented infections (cultures positive), and 40 patients (31.5%) had 113 nondocumented infections (no culture results available, or cultures negative). The remaining 40 patients (31.5%) had no significant infections during the course of their disease. Patients without infection lived significantly longer than did patients who developed an infection (92% v 49% were alive at 4 years; P = .0012). Thirty‐three of the 47 patients with documented infection have died; 29 of an infectious problem and four of a noninfectious problem. There was also a statistically significant difference in actuarial survivals between the documented‐infection and nondocumented infection groups (P = .007). The two most common types of infection were bacteremia (30 episodes) and pneumonia (27 episodes). In the culture‐documented group with bacteremia, E coli and P aeruginosa caused ten and eight infections, respectively, and three infections were due to S aureus. There were eight systemic infections of nonbacterial origin; in five, the organism cultured was M kansasii, and three were fungal infections. Blood counts at the time of diagnosis were not correlated with subsequent development of infection. Patients with hairy cell leukemia have a significant susceptibility to infections that can affect morbidity and mortality. Many of the infectious complications encountered are those common in patients whose immune system is compromised; however, the occurrence of disseminated atypical mycobacterial disease requires a heightened awareness.
Migration of porcine endothelial and smooth muscle cells in response to platelet‐associated factors
Authors: Gee Adrian P. , Minta J. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA NeuroProbe multiwell microchemotaxis assembly has been used to study the migration of porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro in response to serum factors. Whole pig serum was found to be chemokinetic for endothelial cells but not smooth muscle cells. Chemokinetic activity was higher in platelet‐enriched, plasma‐derived serum (PDS) than in platelet‐free PDS. The supernatant from washed, lysed pig platelets also showed chemokinetic activity both for endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Chromatography on Sephadex G‐200 showed that the lysate contained a number of activities that act independently on the two cell types. The chemokinetic activity that we have detected appears to be distinct from the chemotactic effect of platelet‐derived growth factor and platelet factor 4 on the basis of insensitivity to protamine sulfate and molecular size. The role of these platelet factors in pathological changes in vascular structure is currently under study.
Quantitation of hemoglobin components by high‐performance cation‐exchange liquid chromatography: Its use in diagnosis and in the assessment of cellular distribution of hemoglobin variants
Authors: Kutlar Abdullah , Kutlar Ferdane , Wilson Jerry B. , Headlee Marsha G. , Huisman Titus H. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdditional data are presented that were obtained with a newly developed cation‐exchange high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method allowing the separation of numerous normal and abnormal human hemoglobin types. The method was found to be of considerable value for the diagnosis of certain hemoglobinopathies in the adult as well as in the newborn. Definitive differentiation between, AS, SS, S‐β+‐thal, SD, SC, AC, C‐β+‐thal, etc in cord bloods was readily accomplished even when the samples were collected on filter paper.Analyses of the hemoglobin in cells from Hb S and Hb C heterozygotes with different numbers of α chain genes (αα/αα; ‐α/αα; ‐α/α) after separation by a Dextran density centrifugation technique failed to show significant changes in the relative quantitation of the variant hemoglobin types. Glycosylalation of hemoglobin increased greatly with an increase in red cell age. Similar analyses of red cells from a young girl with Hb S trait and Hb H disease (the ‐/α genic arrangement) gave comparable data. Some indication was obtained that her youngest cells contained some of the βA4 and βS4 tetrameric hemoglobins.
Erythrocyte sensitization with monomeric IgM in a patient with hemolytic anemia
Authors: Szymanski Irma O. , Huff Sara R. , Selbovitz Leslie G. , Sherwood Geoffrey K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn automated antiglobulin test showed that erythrocytes of a patient with an acute episode of Coombs‐negative hemolytic anemia were strongly sensitized with nonagglutinating IgM molecules. The bound antibodies, after elution from red blood cell stroma, were found to be monomeric IgM, since they migrated with IgG molecules on an agarose column, although they were proved to be immunoglobulin M, not G, by a sensitive hemagglutination inhibition assay.The hemolysis subsided with steroid therapy, but ANA increased to a titer greater than 1,024 (with peripheral pattern) without other laboratory evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, the patient demonstrated photosensitivity and non‐scarring alopecia. We consider that this appearance of erythrocyte autoantibodies consisting of monomeric IgM was a symptom of atypical SLE.
Red cell CDP (dCDP)‐choline and P‐choline in normal subjects and in certain hemolytic syndromes
Authors: Valentine William N. , Jenden Donald J. , Paglia Donald E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe concentrations of red cell CDP (dCDP)‐choline and P‐choline were measured and compared in normal subjects, in subjects with hemolytic anemia other than that due to pyrimidine‐5′‐nucleotidase deficiency, in homozygotes for the latter enzymopathy, and in a single subject with a hemolytic syndrome speculatively due to choline phosphotransferase deficiency.
Enhancement of adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate in human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes by snake venoms
Authors: Stolc Viktor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSnake venoms contain compound(s) that enhanced cyclic AMP content in human mononuclear leukocytes maximally after 5 min of incubation at 37°C. The effect was time‐ and dose‐dependent. The half‐maximal stimulation of cyclic AMP production by black cobra venom was found at 0.45 μg of venom/ml and the value of the Hill coefficient was 0.7. The black cobra venom enhanced the cyclic AMP content in the cells at 4, 22, and 37°C. Similar increase in the cyclic AMP content by six snake venoms was found in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The most active venom was from puff adder (Bitis arietans). The data suggest that one of the effects of the snake venoms may be rapid enhancement of cyclic AMP level in the affected cells.
Abnormalities of lymphocyte subsets are correlated with concentrate consumption in asymptomatic Italian hemophiliacs treated with concentrates made from American plasma
Authors: Mannucci P. M. , Gringeri A. , Ammassari M. , Mari Daniela 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighty‐three symptom‐free hemophiliacs were studied clinically, serologically, and by in vitro tests for cellular immunity in a geographical area in which AIDS has not yet been encountered despite the exclusive use of concentrates manufactured from American sources of plasma. Some patients showed the following abnormalites: lymphopenia (4%), decreased T‐helper/T‐suppressor (Th/Ts) cell ratios (49%), or both abnormalities (2%). Low Th/Ts were mostly due to absolute or, less frequently, relative increases in Ts cells. The prevalence rates for these abnormalites were the same in patients treated with factor VIII or factor IX concentrates. There was an association between the higher Ts and lower Th cells counts and the low Th/Ts ratios and greater annual consumption of factor VIII and factor IX concentrates. These results support the view that protein load might be an important pathogenetic factor in lymphocyte abnormalities in symptom‐free hemophiliacs.
A method for the separation of erythrocytes on the basis of size using counterflow centrifugation
Authors: Thompson Craig B. , Galli Rachel L. , Melaragno Anthony J. , Valeri C. Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method has been developed for separation of erythrocytes on the basis of size using counterflow centrifugation. Human red blood cells with an original mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 89.2 ± 4.1 fl were isolated, free of plasma proteins and other cell contaminants, into seven fractions ranging in size from 77.0 ± 2.7 fl to 98.5 ± 4.8 fl. The ratio of the age‐related enzyme, erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transferase (EGOT), to hemoglobin (Hb) increased progressively through the fractions, suggesting a correlation between erythrocyte volume and age. Reticulocytes, though present in all fractions, were selectively enriched in the larger subpopulations.To verify the biochemical evidence that erythrocytes decrease in volume with aging, in vivo cohort labeling of red blood cells with 59Fe was performed in baboons. A similar relationship of EGOT to Hb was observed to that in the human subpopulations. The peak activity of 59Fe/RBC appeared initially in the red blood cells with the highest MCV and progressed from the erythrocytes with the largest MCV to the erythrocytes with the smallest MCV over the next 10–12 weeks, confirming the hypothesis that red blood cells decrease in volume as they age. The technique of counterflow centrifugation appears to provide a simple, rapid, and reproducible method for the separation of erythrocytes on the basis of size.
Aplastic anemia complicating systemic lupus erythematosus: Response to androgens in two patients
Authors: Stricker Raphael B. , Shuman Marc A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe two female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed severe aplastic anemia. Although each patient had received multiple medications including diphenylhydantoin, the relationship of these drugs to the development of marrow aplasia was unclear. After administration of an oral androgen (oxymethalone) and corticosteroids, there was complete hematologic recovery. Both patients relapsed when oxymethalone was withdrawn, and both recovered when androgen therapy was reinstituted, with or without high‐dose prednisone. In both patients, there was complete reversal of pancytopenia despite the presence of initially severe marrow aplasia (less than 10% cellularity). However, in both cases, prolonged androgen therapy (2 months) was required before hematologic improvement occurred. Androgens are known to stimulate hematopoiesis in man, and they appear to influence immune function in a mouse model of SLE. Thus androgens may be particularly useful in the treatment of SLE‐associated aplastic anemia.
Cimetidine suppression of CFU‐C in males
Authors: Gross Samuel , Worthington‐White Diana A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA presumed cimetidine‐induced granulocytopenia in a 6‐year‐old male with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) prompted an investigation of the effects of cimetidine on in vitro bone marrow granulocyte colony growth (CFU‐C) in normal individuals and ALL patients either on maintenance chemotherapy or off all therapy for at least 1 year. The addition of cimetidine resulted in a significant reduction of colony numbers as compared to untreated controls beginning at 1 × 10−6 M (P < 0.05) and increasing in significance as the concentration of cimetidine increased. Analysis of sex differences showed that CFU‐C derived from females were not adversely affected by the addition of cimetidine (except at levels far in excess of recommended dosages) whereas CFU‐C in males declined significantly from controls beginning at 1 × 10−7 M (P < 0.05) and became of greater significance as the concentration of cimetidine increased. These findings were identical for both normal individuals and ALL patients either receiving maintenance chemotherapy or off all therapy.
Effect of heparin on platelet aggregation
Authors: Saba H. I. , Saba S. R. , Morelli G. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of heparin on platelet aggregation was systematically examined on platelets in plasma (PRP), as well as on gel‐filtered, washed, and formaldehyde‐fixed platelets. Results indicate that, although heparin causes a mild potentiation of platelet aggregation in the PRP systems, a significant inhibitory activity is observed when heparin is added to isolated platelets. This inhibitory activity appears to be specific and not related to the impurities in the heparin preparations, as heparinase, as well as protamine, effectively neutralizes the heparin‐mediated inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation.Although heparin‐mediated inhibitory activity can be demonstrated in the presence of a number of different agonists (ADP, arachidonic acid, thrombin, Ionophore A23187, epinephrine, and ristocetin), the most pronounced inhibition is seen in the presence of ristocetin. Further studies show that heparin enhances thrombox‐ane generation in isolated platelets. Platelets pretreated with heparin, however, fail to respond to preformed thromboxane. These findings suggest that, in addition to the potentiation of thromboxane production in platelets, heparin may also attribute some change(s) to the platelet(s)/platelet membrane, which interferes with their ability to respond to the agonists of platelet aggregation. This antiaggregatory activity of heparin was found to be inhibited by a factor(s) present in plasma but not in serum.
Efficacy of several plasma components in a young boy with chronic thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia who responds repeatedly to normal plasma infusions
Authors: Miura Masayoshi , Koizumi Shoichi , Nakamura Katsuji , Ohno Takashi , Tachinami Tomoko , Yamagami Masahiko , Taniguchi Noboru , Kinoshita Seiji , Abildgaard Charles F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes a patient with thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria that could be transiently improved by the infusion of plasma or various plasma components. An increase in platelet count following the transfusion of normal plasma was predictable and reproducible. In therapeutic trials with commercially available plasma components, factor VIII preparations were effective for inducing an increase in the platelet count and improving hemolytic anemia, but albumin, γ‐globulin, factor IX, and fibronectin preparations were ineffective. Serum from normal donors also relieved the symptoms of this condition in our patient. Partial plasma exchange (1,000 ml/m2 of body surface area) was performed with albumin instead of normal plasma, but there was no significant effect on platelet count or anemia. Large, multimeric von Willebrand factor components of the factor VIII complex (VIII/vWF) were found in the patient's plasma when his platelet count was normal, but their levels were reduced when the platelet count was decreased. The multimers of the patient's plasma were larger than those in normal plasma, but smaller than those in normal platelet lysate. Although the patho‐genesis of this disease remains unknown, we conclude that transfusions of normal plasma, serum, or factor VIII concentrate provide a factor that causes significant improvement in the thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, large VIII/vWF multimers are possibly directly involved in pathogenesis of this disease.