bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Through-knee amputation
Authors: Newcombe J F , Marcuson R W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Forty-three through-knee disarticulation amputations in 41 patients are reviewed. In 11 patients the procedure was entirely palliative, and 8 of these died within 1 month of operation. Of the 30 patients for whom a prosthesis was planned, only 2 died within this period. Ten patients were measured for a walking pylon preoperatively. The value of premeasurement is demonstrated by the speed of rehabilitation which was achieved by this group. The time scale of rehabilitation was much longer in those patients who were measured for their prostheses postoperatively. However, other adverse factors were present in this group, and their importance is discussed. Despite these factors, a very high rate of ultimate rehabilitation was obtained. Healing was obtained in 83 per cent of the entire series. The results indicate that the through-knee amputation is excellent for the elderly patient with atherosclerotic gangrene of the foot. The importance of an active programme of walking training in this advanced age-group is particularly stressed.
Biliary-pressure studies during cholecystectomy
Authors: Cushieri A , Hughes J Howell , Cohen M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A method of manometric choledochography is described by which three types of choledochal pressure/filling curves could be obtained in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. This work provides evidence that biliary pressures are mainly a function of the choledochal sphincter in man and are largely independent of duodenal muscular activity. Reflux of contrast medium into the pancreatic duct is not associated with either obstructive pathology of the lower choledochus or biliary hypertension.
The results of fundoplication for the relief of oesophageal reflux due to hiatus hernia
Authors: Shah I K , Daniel O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fundoplication has been performed in 25 patients suffering from symptoms or complications due to oesophageal reflux associated with hiatus hernia. There was no peri-operative mortality and only 1 failure to relieve symptoms of reflux. The procedure is benign and is well tolerated if it is performed without splenectomy.
Drainage following cholecystectomy
Authors: Williams C B , Halpin D S , Knox A J S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of intraperitoneal drainage and incidental appendicectomy has been studied in 309 patients who had undergone routine cholecystectomy.
Patients who did not have drainage fared better than those in which drains were used. There was an increase in postoperative morbidity when the drain was left in position for more than 48 hours. But when the drain was removed during the first 48 hours the results obtained were the same as for cases in whom no drain was used. Incidental appendicectomy while carrying out cholecystectomy did not affect the morbidity or mortality of the operation.
It is concluded that in the absence of bile leakage, drains from the hepatorenal space should be removed within 48 hours, and incidental appendicectomy should be carried out when it can be performed with ease and without undue manipulation.
Anterior dislocation of the hip and diastasis of the contralateral sacro-iliac joint—the rear-seat passenger's injury?
Authors: Markham D E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A mechanism of injury is described to account for the combination of anterior dislocation of the hip and diastasis of the contralateral sacro-iliac joint occurring in rear-seat car passengers. Two cases are described and discussed in relation to precipitating factors and how the injury may be prevented.
A case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Authors: Bartram Clive , Jagelman David 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient with a non-functioning kidney was investigated. Although the arteriographic findings suggested an inflammatory process, a malignant lesion could not be excluded. The appearance of the kidney at operation suggested malignancy but histological examination following nephro-ureterectomy showed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. This is an uncommon reaction to severe renal infection and is often associated with upper renal tract obstruction. The clinical and radiological findings of this condition are reviewed.
A clinical trial to determine whether a Lytle's repair of a primary indirect inguinal hernia needs the addition of a rectus flap an exercise in scientific method
Authors: Doran F S A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It is a paradoxical fact that although surgeons have discovered how to carry out organ transplants they have not disovered what is the best way to treat such very common conditions as early carcinoma of the breast and primary indrect inguinal hernia.
The reason for this failue is that when surgeons talk of their dedication to scientific methods they refer to an archaic, fallacious, and discredited method; a method discarded by the physical sciences a very long time ago, It is called “Baconian empiricism”.
The time is long overdue for this archaic method to be rejected and replaced in all surgical work by properly constructed clinical trials leading to an approved mathematical scrutiny of the observed results. The trial must be conducted in a way which eliminates bias for or against the rival methods being tested, otherwise the important mathematical tests of validity cannot be applied to the observed results.
Evidence is submitted to show that more valid information can be obtained from a series of 155 cases of herniorrhaphy arranged in a scientific clinical trial than can be obtained from 2000 cases mechanically collected and tabulated in accordance with the rules of Baconian empiricism.
This clinical trial is used as an example of the new scientific approach to the problem of the primary indirect inguinal hernia, but it applies equally well to the treatment of early carcinoma of the breast.
The question asked was whether, having repaired the deep abdominal ring, a recutus flap ought to be added. The mathematical scrutiny of the observed results of the trial prove that this additional step would not improve the results obtained by a simple suture of the deep ring on its own.
Development of Right Inguinal Hernia Follwing Appendicectomy a 10-Year Review of Cases
Authors: Gue S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The incidence of right inguinal hernia in patients who have undergone appendicectomy is significantly greater than that in the general population. It is suggested that the most likely cause is injury to the segmental nerve-supply to the inguinal musculature.
It is suggested that the sequela of right inguinal hernia follwing appendicectomy may be decreased, if not prevented, by proper understanding of the anatomy of the region and care during surgery, but “in spite of the tempting sumplicity of aetiologic reasoning, a cause-and-effect relationship cannot yet be confirmed”.
Pneumoperitoneum as an Aid in the Surgical Treatment of Giant Herniae
Authors: Barst Henry H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The management of giant hernia and eventration can be greatly facilitated and made safe by the use of preoperative pneumoperitoneum. Daily insufflation of air into the peritoneal cavity, starting with 500 ml. and increasing gradually to 2–3 litres a day for approximately 2 weeks, stretches the abdominal cavity and avoids respiratory and circulatory distress at the time of operation. This preoperative treatment converts a potentially dangerous operation into a fairly simple procedure.
Squamous Carcinoma of the Stomach Following Corrosive Acid Burns
Authors: Eaton Henry , Tennekoon G E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of primary squamous-cell carcinoma arising in a stomach damaged by corrosive acid burns are reported. Thirty-three previously reported cases of pure squamous carcinoma of the stomach are tabulated and their pathogenesis is discussed. A plea is made for treating corrosive acid burns of the stomach by some form of resection of the entire area involved rather than by more conservative methods, such as gastrojejunostomy, which have been used in the past.
Rectal Stones
Authors: Jagelman D G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of a rare complication of total cystectomy and ureterocolic anastomosis for carcinoma of the bladder. The patient suffered not only from some of the more common complications of this procedure but also developed bleeding per rectum, the cause of which was impaction of two calculi in the rectum. Analysis of these stones showed an inner core of mixed gall-stone and an outer shell of urinary struvite.
Muscle Blood-Flow Following Insertion of a By-pass Vein-Graft in Femoropopliteal Occlusive Disease
Authors: Bell Graham , Short Douglas W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Muscle blood-flow has been measured by the local clearance of 133Xe in 32 patients (34 limbs) following arterial replacement with a by-pass vein-graft for atherosclerotic occlusive disease affecting the femoropopliteal segment.
In 27 cases (29 limbs) in which the graft was functioning satisfactorily there was a marked improvement in muscle blood-flow with a return to within normal range in most instances. In 5 patients the graft occluded within 3 months of operation and in these cases there was no significant alteration in the muscle blood-flow following operation. The measurement of muscle blood-flow therefore provided objective corroborative evidence of the success or failure of the procedure.
Seventeen of the group had muscle blood-flow measurements carried out at 3-monthly intervals for a year or more after operation. The postoperative flow tended to remain stable throughout this period, and did not show any tendency to return to the preoperative levels as has previously been reported for thrombo-endarterectomy. This lends further support for the view that in reconstructive surgery for femoropopliteal occlusive disease the long-term results are better with by-pass vein-grafts than with thrombo-endarterectomy.
The Movements of the Adult Ascaris Lumbricoides
Authors: Paul Milroy 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Deductions made from Makidono's (1956) observations of the movements of ascarids in the small intestine of man and from findings at surgical operations and post-mortem examinations of the positions of ascarids causing clinical disturbances have been used to build a concept of the behaviour of ascarids under normal and abnormal conditions.
Pyloric Function and Gall-Stone Dyspepsia
Authors: Johnson A G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Pyloric function was studied by means of a modified pyloric regurgitation test in which regurgitation was assessed both radiologically and biochemically. Forty-two tests were performed in 40 patients from six clinical grups: those with gall-stones with and without dyspepsia; those after cholecystectomy with and without persistent dyspepsia; and those with normal radiographs with and without dyspepsia. A close correlation was found between a history of flatulent dyspepsia and the detection of pyloric regurgitation in each matched pair of grups and in the series as a whole (P &lt; 0·001). The time at which regurgitation occurred appeared to be significant. Regurgitation was not observed in symptomless subjects.
Prostatectomy and Deep-Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Nicolaides A N , Field E S , Kakkar V V , Yates-Bell A J , Taylor S , Clarke M B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a study of 50 patients who had undergone prostatectomy the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis was measured, using the 125I-fibrinogen test. Of these, 12 (24 per cent) developed deep-vein thrombosis. This preliminary study showed that in patients who had had a transurethral resection the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis was 6·8 per cent, while in patients who had had a retropubic prostatectomy it was 47·6 per cent.
The delayed hypersensitivity response in primary breast carcinoma as an index of host resistance
Authors: Mitchell Roger J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An attempt has been made to correlate the Varidase test with possible immunological phenomena as assessed histologically. It would appear statistically that the test is more likely to be negative in the presence of poor differentiation, suggesting that there may be some form of immunological suppression in these cases. In the majority of these poorly differentiated cases there was an absence of lymphocytic involvement of the tumour. However, no obvious connexion between Varidase and lymphocytic infiltration of the tumour or sinus histiocytosis has been found.
The Varidase test cannot therefore be assumed to be a reliable guide of the accepted histological criteria of host-defence reactions. Any information as to why this test should be so consistently depressed in the presence of malignant disease has not been forthcoming. This work is a preliminary report and is an attempt to assess the total immune competence of a group of adult patients in the presence of mammary carcinoma. It is freely acknowledged that further work into the long-term survival of these patients is necessary before further conclusions can be drawn.
The role of radiotherapy in the management of malignant thymoma
Authors: Penn C R H , Hope-Stone H F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 18 cases of malignant thymoma referred for radiotherapy during a 21-year period is reviewed. The presentation, treatment policy, and results are examined. Of the 7 cases treated with a full radical dose all were alive at 3 years, all 4 cases followed for 5 years survived that period, and 3 of the 4 cases followed for 10 years were alive at that time. Of these, only 3 cases had had macroscopically complete excision of the tumour at thoracotomy. These findings suggest that postoperative radiotherapy should be of benefit in all cases of invasive thymoma whether operable or otherwise.
Peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis in the elderly
Authors: Peel A L G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Retrospective and current studies of peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis in the elderly (over the age of 60 years) are described. The efficacy and side-effects of standard antituberculous chemotherapy in this group of patients are analysed. Simple excisional surgery with the local instillation of streptomycin is suggested as a rational and effective method of treatment of localized tuberculous lymphadenitis in the elderly.
Haemoperitoneum complicating secondary carcinoma in the liver
Authors: Ahmed Ali , Metcalfe-Gibson C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Haemoperitoneum complicating primary hepatic carcinoma is well documented but secondary hepatic carcinoma rarely causes intra-abdominal haemorrhage. A case of haemoperitoneum from secondary pancreatic carcinoma of the liver is reported.
Fractures of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. The selection of patients for dural repair
Authors: Jefferson Antony , Reilly Gerald 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 87 patients operated on because of subfrontal fractures is reported. In 73 of these a fistulous lesion (connecting the brain with the nose or the accessory air sinuses) was displayed and was repaired. Almost always a bifrontal exploration has been made, because the lesions were bifrontal in 43 per cent of cases. The mean follow-up period was 4 years; to date no instances of postoperative meningitis or rhinorrhoea have occurred. Our experience suggests that cerebrospinal rhinorrhoea accompanying fractures of the facial bones (without fractures of the skull vault) can safely be treated conservatively. Damaged brain adheres to the lips of the torn dura and permanently prevents natural healing, thereby creating a continuing threat to life. Consequently it is recommended that all frontal fractures lying below the hairline and all comminuted anterior temporal fractures should be referred for expert neurosurgical/neuroradiological assessment. This is because 42 per cent of the patients requiring operative repair were selected after tomographic studies of the anterior fossa; they had not presented with the classic criteria of cerebrospinal rhinorrhoea, intracranial air, or meningitis.
Acid-fundic selective vagotomy of the stomach without drainage in the treatment of duodenal ulcer: Technique and results
Authors: Imperati Luigi , Natale Costanzo , Marinaccio Francesco 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Out of 415 patients with duodenal ulcer under-going vagotomy in the past 6 years, 198 truncal vagotomies (T.V.) and 217 selective vagotomies (S.V.) were performed. Of the 217 S. V. s, 134 cases had a total selective vagotomy of the stomach (preserving the pyloroduodenal nervous peduncle), and in 83 cases a proximal selective vagotomy was performed (preserving also the antral branches of the two principal nerves of the gastric lesser curve or Latarjet nerves). The authors prefer the name ‘acid-fundic selective vagotomy (A.F.S.V.) of the stomach’ for the latter procedure.
In 89 of the patients having S.V. no gastric drainage procedure was performed; in 27 of these a total S.V. had been performed and in 62 cases an A.F.S.V.
In patients undergoing S.V. without gastric drainage the clinical results and gastric emptying were fairly good in the cases with a total S.V. (follow-up time, 12 months), and very good in the cases with an A.F.S.V. (follow-up time, 6 months). Basal acid output (B.A.O.) and maximal (pentagastrin-stimulated) acid output (M.A.O.) were evaluated in those patients undergoing A.F.S.V. before and 10 days after operation. B.A.O. was reduced by 80.5 per cent and M.A.O. by 68.5 per cent. An insulin test performed 3 months after operation was negative in 80 per cent of cases (complete vagotomy); in the other cases the vagotomy was adequate.
Clinical results, although after only a short follow-up, suggest that the procedure can be considered as the treatment of choice in most patients with an uncomplicated duodenal ulcer (76 per cent in our series). Gastric drainage is required only in cases of stenosing duodenal ulcer with delayed gastric emptying. Pyloroplasty is also mandatory in the treatment of bleeding ulcer and of perforated ulcer (if the suture is stenosing).
Inflammatory aneurysms of the abdominal aorta
Authors: Walker D I , Bloor K , Williams G , Gillie I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two hundred and seventeen patients presenting with abdominal aneurysms in the Department of Surgery at the Manchester Royal Infirmary between the years 1958–69 were surveyed retrospectively.
One hundred and eighty-seven of the patients underwent operation for resection of their aneurysms; of these, 19 (10 per cent) showed excessive thickening of the aneurysm walls and perianeurysmal adhesions at operation.
Subsequent histological examination of the walls of these unusual aaneurysms showed extensive active chronic inflammatory changes, including plasma-cell infiltration.
This group of patients whose aneurysms we describe as ‘inflammatory’ presented with different clinical features in comparison with the atherosclerotic group.
Retrospective investigation has not yet revealed any aetiological factors. We feel that ‘inflammatory’ aneurysms are a discrete entity with significant differences from atherosclerotic aneurysms and previously described arteritis.
The histopathology of small vessels following microvascular repair
Authors: Baxter Thelma J , O'brien B McC , Henderson P N , Bennett R C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The histopathological findings following microvascular repair of 105 arteries and 89 veins in Englishstrain rabbits are reported. The importance of (a) the accurate apposition of the vessel walls and (b) the avoidance of excesive medial necrosis is stressed. The process of subintimal hyperplasia is described and the importance of its role in the repair of small vessels is discussed. Previously, the new formation of elastin tissue has been considered pathognomonic of vascular disease. The appreciably slower rate of repair in veins is also reported. From these observations suggestions have been made with regard to improved technique of surgical repair.
Ventilation in an artifically produced gas cavity under basal conditions
Authors: Wosornu Lade 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The left hemithoraxes of 150 SPF rats were transformed into stable skin-lined gas cavities which were opened to the exterior. Fifty-nine of 75 rats so exposed survived with the natural, unilateral lung receiving air from the trachea, and the skin-lined hemithorax (an artificially produced gas cavity) receiving air independently from a thoracostomy.
In the test rats the mean arterial pH, Po2, and Pco2, were 7.355 ± 0.17, 77.03 ± 2.56 mm. Hg, and 38.41 ± 2.41 mm. Hg respectively. The values were similar to those obtained for unoperated rats (7.349 ± 0.015, 80.18 ± 2.77 mm. Hg, and 38.24 ± 0.94 mm. Hg). Although the skin-lined hemithorax was functionally an open-ventilated gas cavity, its mean tidal volume (0.93 ± 0.07 ml.) and its mean minute-ventilation (271.6 ± 24.4 ml. per kg. per minute) were about half of normal.
In the test the mean rate of respiration and the mean tidal volume were 98.5 ± 4.3 per minute and 1.68 ± 0.04 ml. as compared with 76.1 ± 5.3 per minute and 1.94 ± 0.12 ml. in the unoperated rats. The differences were significant. However, the difference between the mean minute-ventilation (tidal volume × rate of respiration) in the two groups was not significant. The values obtained were 506.1 ± 36.2 ml. per kg. per minute (test rats) and 407.0 ± 50.4 ml. per kg. per minute (unoperated rats). This suggested further that under basal conditions the test rats achieved adequate ventilation by means of a compensatory rise in the rate of respiration.
Malakoplakia of the colon
Authors: Birkenstock W , Louw J H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of malakoplakia of the colon in a young man who presented with symptoms and signs suggestive of ulcerative colitis is reported. It is suggested that a careful search for Michaelis-Guttmann bodies in all chronic inflammatory lesions may reveal a much higher incidence of malakoplakia.
Anatomy of the external anal sphincter
Authors: Oh Changyul , Kark Allan E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The anatomy fo the external anal sphincter has been studied in 48 adult cadaveric and surgical specimens by anatomical dissection and histological sections in three-dimensional planes. The bilaminar and trilaminar concepts of external anal sphincteric anatomy are reviewed. The significant anatomical differences in the anterior portion of the external sphincter compared with the lateral and posterior portion are emphasized. The different configuration of the anterior part of the external sphincter in men and women is described. A new terminology is proposed, ‘superficial compartment’ (subcutaneous and superficial) and ‘deep compartment’ (deep and puborectalis), on the basis of the close anatomical relationship between each of these two pairs of muscles.
Long-term review of function following pull-through operations of the rectum
Authors: Bennett R C , Hughes E S R , Cuthbertson A M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty patients previously reviewed from a functional standpoint following pull-through resection of the rectum have been reassessed 2 years or more following the initial review. Fourteen of the 20 patients showed further improvement at the second examination, and half of these patients could be reclassified to indicate a significantly improved overall functional result. It is clear that functional improvement may occur to a varying extent either gradually or at times rapidly even years after pull-through resection of the rectum.
Evaluation of breast tumour sex chromatin (barr body) as an index of survival and response to pituitary ablation
Authors: Perry Michael 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a retrospective study of 36 patients with advanced oreast cancer relationships were found between the cumour Barr body count and the response to pituitary ablation and the length of survival. High tumour Barr body counts were associated with long survival after treatment, and low counts with short survival. (P &lt; 0.001). High counts were also associated with a good response to pituitary ablation, and low counts with a poor response (P &lt; 0.01). The tumour Barr body count gave possibly better prediction than urinary steroid measurement.