bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A stochastic residential load model and its application to the unified loss theory
Authors: Raisz David , Dán András 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a residential load model which is a combination of a “bottom‐up” (synthetical) and a “top‐down” (analytical) model. Using the bottom‐up approach a household load is composed of several “elementary appliances” that can be identified based on household current measurements. Then a “top‐down” method ensures that the sum of the household currents equals the measured transformer current.Latter condition needs to be fulfilled in order to apply the model in the framework of a unified loss theory, a measurement based computation method for the determination of network losses. This approach enables to treat jointly (and yet separately) various components of losses such as reactive current, asymmetry and harmonic currents and the time‐variance of those, thus making it possible to evaluate and compare the order of magnitude of the loss components and in consequence the efficiency of different loss‐reduction investments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the iterative mitigation of clipping noise for COFDM transmissions
Authors: Déjardin Romain , Colas Maxime , Gelle Guillaume 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLarge peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of multicarrier communication systems is a widely discussed topic in the literature and remains the major drawback of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. Deliberate amplitude clipping has been found as a suitable way to reduce output signal peaks at the transmitter side. Unfortunately, it also causes numerous degradations. In this paper, we propose a study of nonlinearities led by the clipping process and a comparison of iterative receivers derived from the turbo‐principle and devoted to the system performance restoration under severe clipping ratio (CR) constraint. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized finite element formulation for incompressible flow on distorted meshes
Authors: Förster Ch. , Wall W. A. , Ramm E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFlow computations frequently require unfavourably meshes, as for example highly stretched elements in regions of boundary layers or distorted elements in deforming arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian meshes. Thus, the performance of a flow solver on such meshes is of great interest. The behaviour of finite elements with residual‐based stabilization for incompressible Newtonian flow on distorted meshes is considered here.We investigate the influence of the stabilization terms on the results obtained on distorted meshes by a number of numerical studies. The effect of different element length definitions within the elemental stabilization parameter is considered. Further, different variants of residual‐based stabilization are compared indicating that dropping the second derivatives from the stabilization operator, i.e. using a streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin type of formulation yields better results in a variety of cases. A comparison of the performance of linear and quadratic elements reveals further that the inconsistency of linear elements equipped with residual‐based stabilization introduces significant errors on distorted meshes, while quadratic elements are almost unaffected by moderate mesh distortion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The predictive value of temporally disaggregated volatility: evidence from index futures markets
Authors: Taylor Nicholas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the benefits to forecasters of decomposing close‐to‐close return volatility into close‐to‐open (nighttime) and open‐to‐close (daytime) return volatility. Specifically, we consider whether close‐to‐close volatility forecasts based on the former type of (temporally aggregated) data are less accurate than corresponding forecasts based on the latter (temporally disaggregated) data. Results obtained from seven different US index futures markets reveal that significant increases in forecast accuracy are possible when using temporally disaggregated volatility data. This result is primarily driven by the fact that forecasts based on such data can be updated as more information becomes available (e.g., information flow from the preceding close‐to‐open/nighttime trading session). Finally, we demonstrate that the main findings of this paper are robust to the index futures market considered, the way in which return volatility is constructed, and the method used to assess forecast accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lovastatin induces the formation of abnormal myelin‐like membrane sheets in primary oligodendrocytes
Authors: Maier Olaf , De Jonge Jenny , Nomden Anita , Hoekstra Dick , Baron Wia 
Published: September 2008

AbstractStatins, well‐known inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis and protein isoprenylation, have been proposed as therapeutic drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS). As lovastatin and simvastatin, which are currently tested for their use in MS, can cross the blood‐brain barrier, they may affect cellular processes in the central nervous system. This is especially relevant with respect to remyelination as a proposed additional treatment for MS, because cholesterol is a major component of myelin. Here, we show that primary oligodendrocytes, treated with lovastatin, form extensive membrane sheets, which contain galactosphingolipids. However, these membrane sheets are devoid of the major myelin proteins, myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP). Reduced MBP protein expression was confirmed by SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting, and in situ hybridization experiments revealed that lovastatin blocks MBP mRNA transport into oligodendrocyte processes. In contrast, PLP expression was only mildly affected by lovastatin. However, lovastatin treatment resulted in intracellular accumulation of PLP and prevented its translocation to the cell surface. Interestingly, another inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis (ro48‐8071), which does not interfere with isoprenylation, had a similar effect on the localization of PLP, but it did not affect MBP expression and localization. These results suggest that lovastatin affects PLP transport predominantly by the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, whereas reduced MBP expression is caused by impaired isoprenylation. Based on these results we recommend to carefully monitor the effect of statins on myelination prior to their use in demyelinating diseases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptin induces migration and invasion of glioma cells through MMP‐13 production
Authors: Yeh Wei‐Lan , Lu Dah‐Yuu , Lee Ming‐Jen , Fu Wen‐Mei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLeptin, the product of the obese gene, plays an important role in the regulation of body weight by coordinating metabolism, feeding behavior, energy balance, and neuroendocrine responses. However, regulation of leptin gene expression in the central nervous system is different from that in the adipocytes. In addition, leptin has been found in many tumor cell lines and has been shown to have mitogenic and angiogenic activity in a number of cell types. Glioma is the most common primary adult brain tumor with poor prognosis because of the spreading of tumor cell to the other regions of brain easily. Here we found that malignant C6 glioma cells expressed more leptin and leptin receptors than nonmalignant astrocytes. Furthermore, it was found that exogenous application of leptin enhanced the migration and invasion of C6 glioma cells. In addition, we found that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) but not of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 was increased in response to leptin stimulation. The leptin‐induced increase of cell migration and invasion was antagonized by MMP‐13 neutralizing antibody or silencing MMP‐13. The up‐regulation of MMP‐13 induced by leptin was mainly through p38 MAP kinase and NF‐κB pathway. In addition, migration‐prone sublines demonstrate that cells with increasing migration ability had more expression of MMP‐13 and leptin. Taken together, these results indicate that leptin enhanced migration and invasion of C6 glioma cells through the increase of MMP‐13 production. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rocks are expressed in brain tumors and are required for glioma‐cell migration on myelinated axons
Authors: Oellers Patrick , Schröer Uwe , Senner Volker , Paulus Werner , Thanos Solon 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe interactions between migrating glioma cells and myelinated fiber tracts are poorly understood. We identified that C6 glioma cells can migrate along myelinated chicken retinal axons in a novel coculture, thereby expressing small GTPases of the Rho family and serine/threonine Rho‐associated kinases (ROCKs). We found that the ROCK1 isoform is also highly expressed in native human high‐grade gliomas. Glioma cells migrated faster in vitro along myelinated axons than on laminin‐1, with the former but not the latter being specifically and reversibly blocked by the ROCK inhibitor Y27632. These data suggest that the mechanisms underlying the migration of glioma cells on myelinated axons differ from those underlying the migration on extracellular matrix molecules such as laminin‐1. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of p21Cip1 in activated glial cells
Authors: Tusell Josep Maria , Ejarque‐Ortiz Aroa , Mancera Pilar , Solà Carme , Saura Josep , Serratosa Joan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe cdk inhibitor p21Cip1, also named p21Cip1/Waf1, is intimately involved in coupling growth arrest to cellular differentiation in several cell types. p21Cip1 is a multifunctional protein that might regulate cell‐cycle progression at different levels. In a recent study, we found no differences in the rate of proliferation between glial cells from wild‐type and p21Cip1−/− mice. In the present study, we examined differences in glial activation between glial cells from wild‐type and p21Cip1−/− mice, using mixed glial cultures, microglia‐enriched cultures, and astrocyte‐enriched cultures. We compared the effect of lipopolysaccharide and two forms (oligomeric and fibrillar) of the 1‐42 β‐amyloid peptide on glial activation. We observed an attenuation of nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa‐B in p21Cip1−/− glial cells, when compared with glial cells from wild‐type mice. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor‐α release was enhanced in p21Cip1−/−microglial cells. In addition glial activation induced by lipopolysaccharide and the fibrillar form of the 1‐42 β‐amyloid peptide upregulated p21Cip1. Our results support a role for p21Cip1 in the activation of glial cells, particularly in microglia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helping carers to care—The 10/66 dementia research group's randomized control trial of a caregiver intervention in Russia
Authors: Gavrilova Svetlana I. , Ferri Cleusa P. , Mikhaylova Natalya , Sokolova Olga , Banerjee Sube , Prince Martin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectivesDementia is a rapidly growing public health problem in low and middle income countries. There is an urgent need, in the absence of formal services, to develop interventions designed to improve the lives of people with dementia, and their families. This study tests the effectiveness of the 10/66 caregiver intervention among people with dementia, and their carers.DesignA single blind parallel group randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN41039907).SettingMoscow.ParticipantsSixty family caregivers of people aged 65 and over with dementia were randomized to receive the intervention and medical care as usual (n = 30) or medical care as usual only (n = 30). Caregiver and person with dementia outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months.InterventionThe caregiver education and training intervention was delivered over five, weekly, half‐hour sessions and was made up of three modules: (i) assessment (one session); (ii) basic education about dementia (two sessions); and (iii) training regarding specific problem behaviors (two sessions).MeasurementsDementia was diagnosed using DSM‐IV criteria. Caregiver: Zarit Carer Burden Interview; carer psychological distress (SRQ 20); and carer Quality of Life (WHOQOL‐BREF). Person with dementia: Behavioural and Psychological symptoms (NPI‐Q); quality of life (DEMQOL).ResultsCaregivers in the intervention group reported large and statistically significant net improvements at 6‐month follow‐up in burden compared to controls. No group differences were found on caregiver psychological distress and patient and caregiver quality of life.ConclusionsThe low‐level intervention seems to be as, if not more, effective than similar interventions applied in high income countries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cross cultural review of the ethical issues in dementia care in Kerala, India and The Netherlands
Authors: Sowmini C. V. , De Vries Raymond 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe paper explores the diverse ethical issues in the care of persons with dementia, in the Netherlands and Kerala, India. These cross‐cultural data are used to suggest newer ways for addressing the ethical issues in a mutually enhancing manner.MethodsA thorough review of the literature focusing on ethical aspects of the care for persons with dementia.ResultsThe medical paradigm is dominant in the Netherlands and awareness of dementia as an organic brain disease is low in Kerala. Institutionalized care is more common in the Netherlands and home‐based care is the norm in Kerala. Institutional care is costly, whereas home‐based care is stressful for caregivers.The advanced directive plays an influential role in the Netherlands, but this mechanism is yet to evolve in Kerala.The legal and social setting of the Netherlands has a strong influence on physician decision‐making concerning end of life issues. In Kerala, discussion of these matters is nearly unknown.ConclusionLimited awareness of dementia in Kerala should be addressed in public forums, which can then be used to garner governmental support. The predominantly institutional model of care‐giving in the Netherlands and home‐based care‐giving in Kerala, each have their strengths; policy makers in both societies can usefully apply the values and merits inherent in both models.A culturally appropriate implementation of the advanced directive will have beneficial medical, social, and economic impacts in Kerala.The remarkable disparity between the Netherlands and Kerala in dealing with end‐of‐life issues will allow more philosophically and socially informed ways of addressing the ethical questions that arise in those situations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triterpenoid Ester Saponins from Dipteronia dyeriana
Authors: Guo Rong , Luo Min , Long Chun‐Lin , Li Ma‐Lin , Ouyang Zhi‐Qin , Zhou Yi‐Ping , Wang Yue‐Hu , Li Xing‐Yu , Shi Ya‐Na 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe phytochemical investigation of Dipteronia dyeriana (Aceraceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of five new triterpenoid ester saponins, dipterosides A–E (1–5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence. The inhibitory activities of these compounds against human leukemia K562 and human hepatoma HepG2 cells were also evaluated.
Long‐term sustained benefits of clozapine treatment in refractory early onset schizophrenia: A retrospective study in Korean children and adolescents
Authors: Kim Yeni , Kim Boong‐Nyun , Cho Soo‐Churl , Kim Jae‐Won , Shin Min‐Sup 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective: Treatment resistance in early onset schizophrenia (EOS) is one of the most challenging problems in child and adolescent psychiatry. We retrospectively examined the therapeutic dosage, clinical response, and side effect profiles of long‐term clozapine treatment in Korean children and adolescents with refractory EOS or very early onset schizophrenia (VEOS). Method: 26 refractory patients treated with clozapine for more than 1 year were analyzed. Efficacy was determined by comparing hospitalization rate and duration, before and after clozapine treatment. Tolerability was assessed through review of documented adverse events. Results: A significant reduction in hospital days per year was observed in 25 (96.2%) patients after clozapine treatment compared to before clozapine. Long‐term benefit of the treatment was supported by a further reduction of the hospitalization rate in 14 patients treated with clozapine for more than 3 years. Neutropenia developed in 26.9% patients at 1 year and there was no agranulocytosis. Overall, eight male patients (8/12, 66.7%) and one female patient (1/14, 7%) developed neutropenia and out of the nine patients, seven patients were maintained and two patients were successfully rechallenged on clozapine. Conclusion: These findings suggest that long‐term clozapine treatment may effectively reduce the amount of time Asian patients with refractory EOS or VEOS spend in the hospital. However careful monitoring of adverse events is required. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family history and breast cancer tumour characteristics in screened women
Authors: Couto Elisabeth , Banks Emily , Reeves Gillian , Pirie Kirstin , Beral Valerie ,   Million Women Study Collaborators
Published: September 2008

AbstractWomen with a family history of breast cancer have an increased risk of the disease. However, since they tend to experience greater surveillance for the disease, their breast cancers may be detected at an earlier stage, thus making it difficult to assess reliably whether tumour characteristics vary by family history. Information on 9,731 Million Women Study participants with screen‐detected breast cancer, diagnosed in 1996–2003, and 37,983 matched controls, who also attended routine screening but were not diagnosed with breast cancer, was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RRs) of screen‐detected breast cancer in women with a family history of the disease. Women with a family history of breast cancer had an increased risk of screen‐detected breast cancer (RR 1.57; 95% CI:1.47–1.68) compared with those without such a family history. The RRs were 1.58 (1.46–1.71) and 1.55 (1.34–1.80) for invasive and in situ breast cancer; 1.63 (1.49–1.79) and 1.55 (1.32–1.83) for node‐negative and node‐positive disease; and 1.56 (1.42–1.70), 1.75 (1.39–2.21) and 1.71 (1.28–2.29) for ductal, lobular and tubular cancers. There was no significant difference in the RR of screen‐detected breast cancer associated with a family history of the disease according to invasiveness, size, nodal status, malignancy grade or morphological type of the breast cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for breast cancer in a black population—The Barbados National Cancer Study
Authors: Nemesure Barbara , Wu Suh‐Yuh , Hambleton Ian R. , Leske M. Cristina , Hennis Anselm J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Barbados National Cancer Study (BNCS) is a nationwide case‐control study investigating environmental and genetic factors for breast cancer (BC) in a predominantly African‐origin population with similar ancestry as African‐Americans. This report evaluates associations of incident BC in the BNCS to various factors, including demographic, anthropometric, reproductive and family history variables, not investigated previously in this population. The BNCS included 241 incident BC cases and 481 age‐matched female controls, with mean ages of 57 and 56 years, respectively. In addition to a reported family history of BC in a close relative [odds ratios (OR) = 3.74, 95% CI (1.41, 9.90) in a parent; OR = 3.26 (1.47, 7.21) in a sibling], other factors associated with BC were older age at first full‐term pregnancy [OR = 1.04 (1.00, 1.07)] and having a history of benign breast disease [OR = 1.88 (1.19, 2.99)]. Increased parity reduced the risk of BC [OR = 0.34 (0.15, 0.77) among those with ≥3 children]. The reproductive patterns of African‐Barbadian (AB) women tended to differ from those of African‐American (AA) women (later age of menarche, earlier age at first pregnancy, higher frequency of lactation and infrequent use of exogenous hormones) and could help to explain their considerably lower postmenopausal incidence of BC. The relationship between reported family history and BC, combined with the associations noted for several reproductive and other variables, supports the genetic and environmental contributions to BC, which may vary in populations across the African diaspora. Further investigations of other populations may clarify these issues. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
mRNAs of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase but not of GD2 synthase are specific for neuroblastoma minimal disease and predicts outcome for children with high‐risk disease when measured at diagnosis
Authors: Träger Catarina , Vernby Åsa , Kullman Anita , Øra Ingrid , Kogner Per , Kågedal Bertil 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSeveral transcripts have been claimed to be clinically valuable for detecting minimal disease in neuroblastoma, but they have not been prospectively compared in a standardized manner. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and GD2 synthase (GD2S) mRNAs were analyzed in 554 blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from 58 children with neuroblastoma. Samples from 44 children with other diseases served as controls. High transcript concentrations of TH, GD2S or DDC in PB or BM at diagnosis were associated with poor prognosis. TH in BM above median indicated worse outcome for a homogenous cohort with high‐risk neuroblastoma (survival probability 91% for TH below median versus 33% for TH above median, p = 0.009). The number of children with localized neuroblastoma with increased results in PB did not differ between the three transcripts. In these children, all without morphologically detectable neuroblastoma in BM, the number of patients with elevated GD2S in BM at diagnosis was significantly higher than for the other transcripts (10/16 elevated, p = 0.012). GD2S was elevated in PB from 10/28 controls without neuroblastoma compared to 1/28 for TH and DDC (p < 0.001). In BM from these children GD2S was significantly elevated. We conclude that high expression of TH and DDC both in PB and BM corresponds to metastatic neuroblastoma at diagnosis, residual disease, and poor outcome. Children with high‐risk neuroblastoma and low levels of TH in BM at diagnosis may be cured by current therapy. GD2S is less specific than TH and DDC mRNA for neuroblastoma detection in PB and BM. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.