bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lorentz invariance violation and the
CPT
-odd electromagnetic response of a tilted anisotropic Weyl semimetal
Authors: Gómez Andrés , von Dossow R. Martínez , Martín-Ruiz A. , Urrutia Luis F. 
Published: March 2024

We derive the electromagnetic response of a particular fermionic sector in the minimal QED contribution to the Standard Model Extension (SME), which can be physically realized in terms of a model describing a tilted and anisotropic Weyl semimetal (WSM). The contact is made through the identification of the Dirac-like Hamiltonian resulting from the SME with that corresponding to the WSM in the linearized tight-binding approximation. We first calculate the effective action by computing the nonperturbative vacuum polarization tensor using thermal field theory techniques, focusing upon the corrections at finite chemical potential and zero temperature. Next, we confirm our results by a direct calculation of the anomalous Hall current within a chiral kinetic theory approach. In an ideal Dirac cone picture of the WSM (isotropic and nontilted) such response is known to be governed by axion electrodynamics, with the space-time dependent axion angle Θ(r,t)=2(b·r−b0t), being 2b and 2b0 the separation of the Weyl nodes in momentum and energy, respectively. In this paper we demonstrate that the node tilting and the anisotropies induce novel corrections at a finite density which however preserve the structure of the axionic field theory. We apply our results to the ideal Weyl semimetal EuCd2As2 and to the highly anisotropic and tilted monopnictide TaAs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Dualities in One-Dimensional Quantum Lattice Models: Topological Sectors
Authors: Lootens Laurens , Delcamp Clement , Verstraete Frank 
Published: March 2024

It has been a long-standing open problem to construct a general framework for relating the spectra of dual theories to each other. Here, we solve this problem for the case of one-dimensional quantum lattice models with symmetry-twisted boundary conditions. In Ref. [PRX Quantum 4, 020357], dualities are defined between (categorically) symmetric models that only differ in a choice of module category. Using matrix product operators, we construct from the data of module functors explicit symmetry operators preserving boundary conditions as well as intertwiners mapping topological sectors of dual models onto one another. We illustrate our construction with a family of examples that are in the duality class of the spin-12 Heisenberg XXZ model. One model has symmetry operators forming the fusion category Rep(S3) of representations of the group S3. We find that the mapping between its topological sectors and those of the XXZ model is associated with the nontrivial braided autoequivalence of the Drinfel’d center of Rep(S3).

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Identifying the push and pull factors for migration patterns vis-à-vis smart cities’ context
Authors: Naval Naveen , Alexopoulos Charalampos , Rizun Nina , Saxena Stuti 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
While the causes of migration across a range of diverse societies have been studied in the extant literature, a systematic study encapsulating the extant literature pertaining to the push and pull factors for the phenomenon of migration has not been conducted so far. The purpose of this study is to present a gist of the push and pull factors that are responsible for migration patterns across different contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
Inferences from the literature review and documentary analysis show that, on the one hand, the push factors for migration entail the enforced reasons like natural causes, wars, health and the like; the pull factors are, by and large, the affirmative ones related to better job opportunities, anticipation of improved well-being, etc.

Findings
It may also be deduced that both the categories of migration causes are analyzed at the individual, group, societal as well as regional levels.

Originality/value
Hitherto, the migration research has focused on understanding the antecedents and consequences of migration in temporal–spatial context, but a syncretic understanding of the push and pull factors behind migration vis-à-vis smart cities is required. The present study seeks to fill this gap. Besides contributing toward the mainstream literature on migration in general, the present study also adds to the literature pertaining to the specific factors responsible for migration patterns.
N‐glycosylation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein at Asn331 and Asn343 is involved in spike‐ACE2 binding, virus entry, and regulation of IL‐6
Authors: Das Tuhin , Luo Shuhong , Tang Hao , Fang Jianmin , Mao Yinging , Yen Haw‐Han , Dash Sabyasachi , Shajahan Asif , Pepi Lauren , Huang Steven , Jones Valerie S. , Xie Shehuo , Huang Gordon F. , Lu Jinqiao , Anderson Blake , Zhang Benyue , Azadi Parastoo , Huang Ruo‐Pan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is an ongoing global public health crisis. The causative agent, the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, enters host cells via molecular interactions between the viral spike protein and the host cell ACE2 surface protein. The SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein is extensively decorated with up to 66 N‐linked glycans. Glycosylation of viral proteins is known to function in immune evasion strategies but may also function in the molecular events of viral entry into host cells. Here, we show that N‐glycosylation at Asn331 and Asn343 of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein is required for it to bind to ACE2 and for the entry of pseudovirus harboring the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein into cells. Interestingly, high‐content glycan binding screening data have shown that N‐glycosylation of Asn331 and Asn343 of the RBD is important for binding to the specific glycan molecule G4GN (Galβ−1,4 GlcNAc), which is critical for spike‐RBD‐ACE2 binding. Furthermore, IL‐6 was identified through antibody array analysis of conditioned media of the corresponding pseudovirus assay. Mutation of N‐glycosylation of Asn331 and Asn343 sites of the spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD) significantly reduced the transcriptional upregulation of pro‐inflammatory signaling molecule IL‐6. In addition, IL‐6 levels correlated with spike protein levels in COVID‐19 patients' serum. These findings establish the importance of RBD glycosylation in SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis, which can be exploited for the development of novel therapeutics for COVID‐19.
How Does Management Voluntary Disclosure Behavior Influence Auditors’ Judgments?
Authors: HILLISON SEAN M. , VITTORI KAMBER D. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTForward‐looking information, often used by auditors to evaluate complex estimates and form conclusions about going‐concern audit report modifications, is commonly disclosed voluntarily by U.S. public companies. We experimentally examine how this disclosure behavior affects auditors’ skepticism toward such information. Prior research has shown that investors and analysts frequently interpret voluntarily disclosed forward‐looking information as credible. We demonstrate that auditors, in contrast, exhibit greater skepticism toward forecasted information that has been voluntarily disclosed (vs. mandatorily disclosed or held privately) because of their reduced trust in management, even when the forecasts align with prior year trends (vs. being more optimistic). Our results suggest that a manager's decision to disclose, rather than the disclosure content itself, leads to increased auditor skepticism. Our findings have implications not only for audit outcomes, but also for manager disclosure behavior, as increased auditor scrutiny could discourage future voluntary disclosure.
All the News That Is Fit to Steal: Charles Gildon, Ferrante Pallavicino, and the Geopolitics of Rifled Mailbag Fiction
Authors: Beebee Thomas O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCharles Gildon (1665–1724) is known today as the ultimate hack writer of Restoration England. Nonetheless, his two fiction collections in the ‘rifled mailbag’ genre — The Post‐Boy Rob'd of His Mail (1692) and The Post‐Man Robb'd of His Mail (1719) — contain insights concerning the structures and practices of information gathering in early modern Europe. This essay places these fictions by Gildon in their historical and literary contexts, including his repurposing of the Italian Il Corriero svaligiato by Ferrante Pallavicino, the relation to John Dunton's Athenian Mercury, and the use of addresses and occupations of letters to describe the geopolitics of Restoration London and its surround.
Bacterial symbionts of the precious coral Corallium rubrum are differentially distributed across colony‐specific compartments and differ among colormorphs
Authors: van de Water Jeroen A. J. M. , Allemand Denis , Ferrier‐Pagès Christine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCorals engage in symbioses with micro‐organisms that provide nutrients and protect the host. Where the prokaryotic microbes perform their symbiotic functions within a coral is, however, poorly understood. Here, we studied the tissue‐specific microbiota of the coral Corallium rubrum by dissecting its tissues from the skeleton and separating the white polyps from the red‐coloured coenenchyme, followed by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding of the three fractions. Dissection was facilitated by incubating coral fragments in RNAlater, which caused tissues to detach from the skeleton. Our results show compartmentalisation of the microbiota. Specifically, Endozoicomonas, Parcubacteria and a Gammaproteobacteria were primarily located in polyps, whereas Nitrincolaceae and one Spirochaeta phylotype were found mainly in the coenenchyme. The skeleton‐associated microbiota was distinct from the microbiota in the tissues. Given the difference in tissue colour and microbiota of the polyps and coenenchyme, we analysed the microbiota of three colormorphs of C. rubrum (red, pink, white), finding that the main difference was a very low abundance of Spirochaeta in white colormorphs. While the functions of C. rubrum's symbionts are unknown, their localisation within the colony suggests that microhabitats exist, and the presence of Spirochaeta appears to be linked to the colour of C. rubrum.
High‐dose methotrexate pharmacokinetics and its impact on prognosis of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients: A population pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao , Li Jing , Yu Liting , Hu Wenting , Cai Jiaoyang , Wang Zhuo , Chen Changcheng , Zhang Xin , Xie Yangyang , Wu Kefei , Mo Yixiao , Chen Jihui , Shen Shuhong 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThis study delivers a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) in a large cohort of Chinese paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients. A total of 533 patients were included in the prognostic analysis. An association was observed between lower steady‐state MTX concentrations (<56 μmol/L) and poorer outcomes in intermediate‐/high‐risk (IR/HR) patients. Subgroup analysis further revealed that this relationship between concentrations and prognosis was even more pronounced in patients with MLL rearrangements. In contrast, such an association did not emerge within the low‐risk patient group. Additionally, utilizing population pharmacokinetic modelling (6051 concentrations from 815 patients), we identified the significant impact of physiological maturation, estimated glomerular filtration rate, sex and concurrent dasatinib administration on MTX pharmacokinetics. Simulation‐based recommendations include a reduced dosage regimen for those with renal insufficiency and a specific 200 mg/kg dosage for infants under 1 year. The findings underscore the critical role of HDMTX in treating IR/HR populations and call for a reassessment of its application in lower‐risk groups. An individualized pharmacokinetic dosage regimen could achieve the most optimal results, ensuring the largest proportion of steady‐state concentrations within the optimal range.
Curcumin activates the JNK signaling pathway to promote ferroptosis in colon cancer cells
Authors: Xin Wei , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent evidence has proved that curcumin as a natural polyphenol have a great anticancer and anti‐proliferative effects in cancer cells. Ferroptosis, a new form of regulated cell death, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis and therapy of cancers. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of curcumin in ferroptosis of human colorectal cancer cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. SW‐480 colorectal cancer cells were treated by curcumin with different concentrations. Cell viability was determined by using MTT assay. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular iron were measured using specific related kits. Real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine the expression of ferroptosis‐related proteins including ACSL4, GPx4 and FTH1 and activation of JNK protein. Curcumin suppressed SW‐480 cancer cells viability in dose‐dependent manner. Cell treatment with curcumin led to accumulation of ROS and iron within cells and increase in the intracellular levels of lipid peroxidation. In addition, curcumin modulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of ferroptosis‐related proteins including ACSL4, GPx4 and FTH1 and suppression of JNK signaling. Curcumin may exhibit its anticancer effect on colorectal cancer by downregulating JNK signaling to induce ferroptosis in SW‐480 cells.
Caffeic acid‐grafted chitooligosaccharides downregulate MAPK and NF‐kB in RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Bui Van‐Hoai , Vo Hong‐Tham N. , Kim Se‐Kwon , Ngo Dai‐Nghiep 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChitooligosaccharide (COS) is a derivative of chitosan, which is a natural macromolecular compound. COS has been shown effects in an inflammatory response. Recent reports show that COS derivatives have enhanced anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting intracellular signals. Evaluation of the anti‐inflammatory effect of caffeic acid conjugated COS chain (CA‐COS) was performed in this study. The effects of CA‐COS on the inflammatory response were demonstrated in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that CA‐COS inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and downregulated the gene expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), IL‐1β, and IL‐6 without cytotoxic effect. In addition, western blot analysis showed that CA‐COS inhibits the protein expression of iNOS and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB), including p50 and p65, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Collectively, these results provide clear evidence for the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of CA‐COS that show great potential as a novel agent for the prevention and therapy of inflammatory diseases.
Being a sibling of a youth with a neurodisability: A qualitative study about the roles and responsibilities during the transition to adulthood
Authors: Nguyen Linda , Jack Susan M. , Davis Hanae , Bellefeuille Samantha , Arafeh Dana , Di Rezze Briano , Ketelaar Marjolijn , Gorter Jan Willem 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDuring the transition to adulthood, a common challenge that youth with a neurodisability may experience is learning how to navigate services in the adult care system. During this transition youth may rely on their families, including siblings, for support. However, delineation of sibling roles and responsibilities during this transition period are unclear. This study aims to identify the roles and responsibilities that siblings perceive to have with their sibling with a neurodisability during the transition to adulthood, and describe the decision‐making process of how siblings chose these roles.MethodsIn this descriptive qualitative case study, siblings were eligible to participate if they were between 14 to 40 years old, had a sibling between 14 to 21 years with a childhood‐onset neurodisability and spoke English. Semi‐structured interviews augmented by techniques of photo elicitation and relational maps were conducted. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to identify sibling roles, as well as the emotional and decision‐making process associated with these roles. Our team partnered with siblings with lived experience in all study phases.ResultsNineteen participants (median age = 19 years, range = 14 to 33 years) from 16 unique families were interviewed. Six unique roles were described: friend, role model/mentor, protector, advocate, supporter, or caregiver. The emotions that siblings experienced with each role, also known as emotional responsibility, were categorized into levels of low, medium or high. Siblings also described a four‐phase decision‐making process for their roles: (1) acquiring knowledge; (2) preparing plans; (3) making adjustments; and (4) seeking support. Intrapersonal characteristics, including personal identity, values and experiences, influenced roles assumed by siblings.ConclusionsSiblings identified needing support as they process their decisions and emotional responsibility in their roles when their sibling with a neurodisability is transitioning to adulthood. Resources should be developed or further enhanced to support siblings.
Risk of major birth defects after first‐trimester exposure to carbocisteine and ambroxol: A multicenter prospective cohort study using counseling data for drug safety during pregnancy
Authors: Usuda Mariko , Jwa Seung Chik , Goto Mikako , Kobayashi Mizuki , Nagano Hiroyuki , Yakuwa Naho , Yamane Ritsuko , Murashima Atsuko , Makabe Hideki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo assess the risk of major birth defects after first‐trimester exposure to carbocisteine and ambroxol during pregnancy, we conducted a prospective cohort study using counseling data for drug use during pregnancy provided by the Japan Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy and Toranomon Hospital. Counseling information, including drug usage and participants' demographic information, was collected between April 1988 and December 2017. Pregnancy outcome data, including major birth defects, were obtained using a questionnaire administered 1 month after delivery. The risks of major birth defects after first‐trimester exposure to carbocisteine (n = 588) and ambroxol (n = 341) were compared with those of nonteratogenic drug use during the first trimester (n = 1525). The adjusted odds ratio (aORs) for major birth defects was calculated using a multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders. The incidence of major birth defects was 1.2% (7/588) and 2.1% (7/341) in the carbocisteine and ambroxol groups, respectively, which was comparable to the control group (26/1525, 1.7%). Results of multiple logistic regression demonstrated similar nonsignificant risks for both carbocisteine (aOR: 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–1.1, p = 0.11) and ambroxol (aOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.18–7.2, p = 0.88). No specific major birth defects were reported in the carbocisteine or ambroxol groups. This study demonstrated that carbocisteine and ambroxol exposure during the first trimester was not associated with an increased risk of major birth defects. These results could help in counseling for the use of these drugs during pregnancy and further alleviate anxiety in patients.
Prediction of colour strength in environmentally‐friendly dyeing of polyester fabric with madder using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Haji Aminoddin , Vadood Morteza , Öztürk Merve , Yigit İdil , Eren Semiha , Eren Hüseyin Aksel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe textile industry is one of the significant reasons for global water pollution, with dyeing processes being particularly environmentally detrimental. Researchers have explored alternative approaches to address this issue, such as using natural dyes, supercritical fluids and so forth. In addition to environment‐friendly approaches, reducing the number of experiments in studies, accurate production straightaway and using artificial intelligence (AI), one of the technologies of the present and the future that will provide significant support. Reaching clearer results with AI technology will not necessarily contribute to environment‐friendly technologies. However, AI techniques, including artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) were employed to predict the colour strength (K/S) of the dyed fabric based on process parameters. A comprehensive experimental design involving pressure, temperature, and time variations was conducted, and the results were analysed using multi‐factor analysis of variance (MANOVA). The study demonstrates that supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) dyeing with madder on polyester fabric is a promising and environmentally friendly approach. Additionally, the optimised ANN and ANFIS models, aided by genetic algorithms (GAs), exhibit high predictive accuracy (less than 3%), providing insights into the impact of process parameters on colour strength. This research underscores the potential of AI‐driven automation in textile dyeing, offering solutions for dye formula prediction, colour matching, and defect detection, reducing the need for human intervention in these processes.
Single center utilization and post‐transplant outcomes of thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion deceased cardiac donor organs
Authors: Motter Jennifer D. , Jaffe Ian S. , Moazami Nader , Smith Deane E. , Kon Zachary N. , Piper Greta L. , Sommer Philip M. , Reyentovich Alex , Chang Stephanie H. , Aljabban Imad , Montgomery Robert A. , Segev Dorry L. , Massie Allan B. , Lonze Bonnie E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA‐NRP) following cardiac death is an emerging multivisceral organ procurement technique. Recent national studies on outcomes of presumptive TA‐NRP‐procured organs are limited by potential misclassification since TA‐NRP is not differentiated from donation after cardiac death (DCD) in registry data.MethodsWe studied 22 donors whose designees consented to TA‐NRP and organ procurement performed at our institution between January 20, 2020 and July 3, 2022. We identified these donors in SRTR to describe organ utilization and recipient outcomes and compared them to recipients of traditional DCD (tDCD) and donation after brain death (DBD) organs during the same timeframe.ResultsAll 22 donors progressed to cardiac arrest and underwent TA‐NRP followed by heart, lung, kidney, and/or liver procurement. Median donor age was 41 years, 55% had anoxic brain injury, 45% were hypertensive, 0% were diabetic, and median kidney donor profile index was 40%. TA‐NRP utilization was high across all organ types (88%–100%), with a higher percentage of kidneys procured via TA‐NRP compared to tDCD (88% vs. 72%, p = .02). Recipient and graft survival ranged from 89% to 100% and were comparable to tDCD and DBD recipients (p ≥ .2). Delayed graft function was lower for kidneys procured from TA‐NRP compared to tDCD donors (27% vs. 44%, p = .045).ConclusionProcurement from TA‐NRP donors yielded high organ utilization, with outcomes comparable to tDCD and DBD recipients across organ types. Further large‐scale study of TA‐NRP donors, facilitated by its capture in the national registry, will be critical to fully understand its impact as an organ procurement technique.