bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in heart rate and heart rate variability in Thoroughbreds during prolonged road transportation
Authors: Ohmura Hajime , Hiraga Atsushi , Aida Hiroko , Kuwahara Masayoshi , Tsubone Hirokazu , Jones James H. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether evaluation of heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) during prolonged road transportation in horses provides a sensitive index of autonomic stimulation.
Animals—Five 2-year-old Thoroughbreds.
Procedure—ECGs were recorded as horses were transported for 21 hours in a 9-horse van. Heart rate, high-frequency (HF) power, low-frequency (LF) power, and LF-to-HF ratio from Fourier spectral analyses of ECGs were calculated and compared with values recorded during a 24-hour period of stall rest preceding transportation.
Results—HR, HF power, and LF power had diurnal rhythms during stall rest but not during road transportation. Heart rate was higher and HF power and LF power lower during road transportation than stall rest, and HR, HF power, LF power, and LF-to-HF ratio all decreased with time during road transportation. Heart rate during stall rest was weakly and inversely associated with LF power, but during road transportation was strongly associated with LF power, HF power, and LF-to-HF ratio. Neither LF power nor HF power was correlated with LF-to-HF ratio during stall rest, but LF power was strongly and HF power weakly correlated with LF-to-HF ratio during road transportation. High-frequency power and LF power were significantly correlated with each other during stall rest and road transportation. Heart rate was significantly influenced by LF power and LF-to-HF ratio during stall rest (R2 = 0.40) and by HF power and LF-to-HF ratio during road transportation (R2 = 0.86).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—HR is influenced by different sympathovagal mechanisms during stall rest, compared with during road transportation; HRV may be a sensitive indicator of stress in transported horses.
Comparison of laparoscopic-guided abomasopexy versus omentopexy via right flank laparotomy for the treatment of left abomasal displacement in dairy cows
Authors: Seeger Torsten , Kümper Harald , Failing Klaus , Doll Klaus 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare results obtained by use of laparoscopyassisted abomasopexy versus omentopexy via right flank laparotomy for the treatment of dairy cows with left displaced abomasum (LDA).
Animals—120 dairy cows with an LDA.
Procedure—In a prospective clinical trial, cows were randomly allocated to the abomasopexy group (laparoscopy-assisted abomasopexy) or to the control group (omentopexy via right flank). Data were obtained during the first 5 days after surgery and 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery.
Results—59 of 60 cows in the abomasopexy group and all 60 cows in the control group were treated successfully. Median duration was shorter for the laparoscopic procedure (27.5 minutes), compared with that for the control group (38 minutes). Five cows in the abomasopexy group had wound complications and 2 had LDA relapses, compared with 2 wound complications and no relapses in the control group. During the 5 days after surgery, the abomasopexy group had a significantly higher increase in rate of energy intake and milk yield and a more rapid return to reference range for serum glutamic dehydrogenase activity and total bilirubin concentration, compared with results for the control group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Success rates were almost equal for both methods. Advantages of the laparoscopic abomasopexy procedure include practicality, low risk of complications, and rapid postoperative recovery. Contraindications are cardiopulmonary diseases. Other disadvantages include the cost of the instruments and inability to perform the procedure in cows with abomasal adhesions.
Attempted transmission of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and Mycoplasma haemofelis by feeding cats infected Ctenocephalides felis
Authors: Woods James E. , Wisnewski Nancy , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (Mhm) can be transmitted by ingestion of Mycoplasma-infected Ctenocephalides felis and by-products (feces, larvae, and eggs).
Animals—10 cats.
Procedure—3 cats were carriers of Mhf, and 1 was a carrier of Mhm. Six cats had negative results of PCR assay for Mhf and Mhm DNA. A chamber containing 100 C felis was bandaged to 2 Mhf carrier cats. Five days later, fleas and by-products were analyzed for Mycoplasma spp DNA. The remaining fleas and a sample of by-products were fed to 2 Mycoplasma-naïve cats. A chamber containing 200 C felis was bandaged to the Mhm carrier cat. Five days later, fleas and by-products were analyzed for Mycoplasma spp DNA. The remaining fleas and a sample of by-products were fed to 2 Mycoplasma-naïve cats. A chamber containing 200 C felis was bandaged to an Mhf carrier cat and Mhm-carrier cat. Three days later, fleas and by-products were analyzed for Mycoplasma spp DNA. The remaining fleas and a random sample of by products were fed to 4 Mycoplasma-naïve cats. All cats were monitored for infection for ≥7 weeks.
Results—Uptake of Mhf and Mhm DNA into fleas and by-products was detected. None of the naïve cats became infected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that ingestion of Mycoplasma-infected C felis or by-products is not an important means of transmission for Mhf or Mhm.
Association between limb conformation and retention of sows through the second parity
Authors: Tiranti Karina I. , Morrison Robert B. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the association between limb conformation scores in gilts and retention through the second parity.
Animals—961 gilts.
Procedure—Gilts were monitored for 1 year. Baseline data recorded were conformation scores for the forelimbs and hind limbs and backfat thickness. Primary outcome was time to removal from a herd, and the secondary outcome was time to removal as a result of lameness.
Results—662 of 961 (68.89%) females remained in herds through the second parity, whereas 299 (31.11%) were removed before the second parity. Survival time for females on the basis of conformation scores for the forelimbs and hind limbs differed significantly for total sow removals and removals as a result of lameness. Females with poor conformation scores for the hind limbs had an increased risk of being removed, compared with risk for females with better conformation scores. Risk of removal specifically as a result of lameness increased as conformation score for the hind limbs became poorer. Proportion of the total population that was removed and could be attributed to undesirable limb conformation was 16.13% for forelimbs and 12.90% for hind limbs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Females with undesirable conformation were removed earlier than females with desirable conformation. This was particularly true for females with low conformation scores for the hind limbs. Selection of gilts on the basis of limb conformation may result in reduced attrition of females and improved performance of herds over time.
Results of a phase II clinical trial on the use of ifosfamide for treatment of cats with vaccine-associated sarcomas
Authors: Rassnick Kenneth M. , Rodriguez Carlos O. , Khanna Chand , Rosenberg Mona P. , Kristal Orna , Chaffin Kelly , Page Rodney L. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical activity and toxic effects of ifosfamide when used to treat cats with vaccine-associated sarcoma (VAS).
Animals—27 cats with a nonresectable, recurrent, or metastatic VAS.
Procedure—Each cat received ifosfamide (900 mg/m2 of body surface area) as an IV infusion during a 30-minute period. Diuresis by infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and administration of mesna were used to prevent urothelial toxicosis. Treatments were administered every 3 weeks, and tumor response was assessed after the second treatment. All ifos-famide-associated toxic effects were graded in accordance with predetermined criteria.
Results—61 treatments were administered to 27 cats (median, 2 treatments/cat; range, 1 to 4 treat-ments/cat). After ifosfamide treatment, 1 cat had a complete response and 10 had partial responses for an overall response rate of 11 of 27 (41%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25% to 59%). Responses lasted from 21 to 133 days (median, 70 days; 95% CI, 60 to 113 days). The acute dose-limiting toxicosis was neutropenia, which was detected 5 to 28 days (median, 7 days) after treatment. Median nadir neutrophil count was 1,600 cells/μL (range, 200 to 5,382 cells/μL). Nine (33%) cats had adverse gastrointestinal effects (primarily salivation during the ifosfamide infusion and inappetence after treatment). Two cats were euthanatized because of severe nephrotoxicosis, and 1 cat developed pulmonary edema during diuresis.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ifosfamide has antitumor activity against VAS in cats and is tolerated well by most cats. Ifosfamide should be evaluated as an adjuvant treatment for cats with VAS.
Microanatomic features of pancreatic islets and immunolocalization of glucose transporters in tissues of llamas and alpacas
Authors: Cebra Christopher K. , Bildfell Robert J. , Fischer Kay A. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To describe the microanatomic features of pancreatic islets and the immunohistochemical distribution of glucose transporter (GLUT) molecules in the pancreas and other tissues of New World camelids.
Animals—7 healthy adult New World camelids, 2 neonatal camelids with developmental skeletal abnormalities, and 2 BALB/c mice.
Procedure—Samples of pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, mammary gland, brain, and adipose tissue were collected postmortem from camelids and mice. Pancreatic tissue sections from camelids were assessed microscopically. Sections of all tissues from camelids and mice (positive control specimens) were examined after staining with antibodies against GLUT-1, -2, -3, and -4 molecules.
Results—In camelids, pancreatic islets were prominent and lacked connective tissue capsules. Numerous individual endocrine-type cells were visible distant from the islets. Findings in neonatal and adult tissues were similar; however, the former appeared to have more non–islet-associated endocrine cells. Via immunostaining, GLUT-2 molecules were detected on pancreatic endocrine cells and hepatocytes in camelids, GLUT-1 molecules were detected on the capillary endothelium of the CNS, GLUT-3 molecules were detected throughout the gray matter, and GLUT-4 molecules were not detected in any camelid tissues. Staining characteristics of neonatal and adult tissues were similar.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In New World camelids, microanatomic features of pancreatic islets are similar to those of other mammals. Data suggest that the poor glucose clearance and poor insulin response to hyperglycemia in adult camelids cannot be attributed to a lack of islet cells or lack of GLUT molecules on the outer membrane of those cells.
Effects of early intensive postoperative physiotherapy on limb function after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs with deficiency of the cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Monk Michelle L. , Preston Christopher A. , McGowan Catherine M. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of early intensive postoperative physiotherapy on limb function in dogs after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for deficiency of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL).
Animals—8 adult dogs with CCL deficiency.
Procedure—After TPLO, dogs underwent a physiotherapy program 3 times/wk (physiotherapy group; n = 4) or a walking program (home-exercise group; 4). All dogs were evaluated before surgery, 1 and 10 days after surgery, and 3 and 6 weeks after surgery. Thigh circumference (TC), stifle joint flexion and extension range of motion (ROM), lameness, and weight-bearing scores were recorded.
Results—Before surgery, CCL-deficient limbs had significantly reduced TC and reduced flexion and extension ROMs, compared with values for the contralateral control limb. Six weeks after TPLO, the physiotherapy group had significantly larger TC than the home-exercise group, with the difference no longer evident between the affected and nonaffected limbs. Extension and flexion ROMs were significantly greater in the physiotherapy group, compared with values for the home-exercise group, 3 and 6 weeks after surgery. Six weeks after surgery, the difference in flexion and extension ROMs was no longer evident between the affected and nonaffected limbs in the physiotherapy group. Both groups had improvements for lameness and weight-bearing scores over time, but no difference was found between the 2 groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—After TPLO in CCL-deficient dogs, early physiotherapy intervention should be considered as part of the postoperative management to prevent muscle atrophy, build muscle mass and strength, and increase stifle joint flexion and extension ROMs.
Risk factors associated with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in indoor-housed cats
Authors: Buffington C. A. Tony , Westropp Jodi L. , Chew Dennis J. , Bolus Roger R. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine associations between environmental and cat-related factors and lower urinary tract signs in indoor-housed domestic cats.
Design—Case-control study.
Animals—238 healthy cats, 157 cats with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease, and 70 cats with other diseases.
Procedure—Data collected from owners of the cats were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, environmental variables, and physical and behavioral signs were analyzed by use of ANOVA and logistic regression analysis to assess which factors were associated with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease.
Results—The only demographic or environmental factors associated with lower urinary tract signs were older age and months owned. In contrast, cats with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease had significantly greater owner-observed gastrointestinal tract signs and scratching, fearful, nervous, and aggressive behaviors.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Lower urinary tract signs in indoor-housed cats may be more closely associated with cat-related factors than with demographic or environmental factors.
Protection from challenge following administration of a canarypox virus–vectored recombinant feline leukemia virus vaccine in cats previously vaccinated with a killed virus vaccine
Authors: Grosenbaugh Deborah A. , Leard Tim , Pardo M. Camila 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare protection against FeLV challenge obtained following administration of 2 doses of an adjuvanted, chemically inactivated, whole FeLV (FeLV-k) vaccine with protection obtained following administration of 1 dose of an FeLV-k vaccine followed by 1 dose of a canarypox virus–vectored recombinant FeLV (rCP-FeLV) vaccine.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—Thirty-two 9-week-old domestic shorthair cats.
Procedure—Cats received 2 doses of the FeLV-k vaccine SC, 21 days apart (n = 11); 1 dose of the FeLV-k vaccine SC and, 21 days later, 1 dose of the rCP-FeLV vaccine transdermally (11); or 2 doses of physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control; 10). Four weeks after the second vaccine dose, all cats were challenged with FeLV by means of oronasal administration. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals beginning 21 days after challenge, and serum was tested for FeLV antigen.
Results—All 10 control cats became persistently infected (ie, FeLV antigen detected in ≥ 3 consecutive serum samples) following FeLV challenge, whereas only 1 of 11 cats that received 2 doses of the FeLV-k vaccine and none of the 11 cats that received 1 dose of the FeLV-k vaccine and 1 dose of the rCP-FeLV vaccine did.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that protection against FeLV challenge obtained following SC administration of a single dose of an FeLV-k vaccine followed, 21 days later, by transdermal administration of a single dose of an rCP-FeLV vaccine was similar to that obtained following SC administration of 2 doses of the FeLV-k vaccine 21 days apart.
Use of multigeneration-family molecular dog leukocyte antigen typing to select a hematopoietic cell transplant donor for a dog with T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Lupu Marilena , Sullivan Edmund W. , Westfall Theresa E. , Little Marie-Térèse , Weigler Benjamin J. , Moore Peter F. , Stroup Patrice A. , Zellmer Eustacia , Kuhr Christian , Storb Rainer 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 7-year-old Golden Retriever was examined because of anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, and gradual weight loss.
Clinical Findings—Splenomegaly, pancytopenia, high serum calcium concentration, and high alkaline phosphatase activity were detected. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enlarged mesenteric lymph node and increased signals from the bone marrow of the ilium and vertebral bodies. Histologic examination and immunophenotyping of biopsy specimens confirmed a stage V (b) T-cell malignant lymphoma.
Treatment and Outcome—Clinical remission was attained by use of 2 chemotherapy cycles, followed by an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant performed at 18 weeks after diagnosis. A donor was identified by molecular dog leukocyte antigen typing methods. The patient was conditioned with 2 fractions of 4 Gy total body irradiation delivered 3 hours apart at 7 cGy/min, followed by an IV infusion of recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized leukapheresis product and postgrafting immunosuppression with cyclosporine. Chimerism analyses revealed full donor engraftment that has been maintained for at least 58 weeks after transplant. Remission has been confirmed by normal results of serum thymidine kinase assays and the absence of peripheral blood clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangements.
Clinical Relevance—Systemic chemotherapy induces remissions; however, most dogs succumb to disease recurrence because of multidrug resistance. Outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in dogs can be excellent because of improved donor-recipient selection by use of molecular dog leukocyte antigen typing, compared with early attempts, and better prevention of graft versus host disease, better supportive care, and substitution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for bone marrow.
Results of rhinoscopy alone or in conjunction with sinuscopy in dogs with aspergillosis: 46 cases (2001–2004)
Authors: Johnson Lynelle R. , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Herrera Melissa A. , Wisner Erik R. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine results of diagnostic testing, including detection of nasal or frontal sinus fungal plaques, in dogs with nasal aspergillosis.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—46 dogs with nasal aspergillosis.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on computed tomographic findings; rhinoscopic findings, including whether fungal plaques were seen in the nasal cavity; results of frontal sinus trephination and sinuscopy, including whether fungal plaques were seen in the frontal sinus; and results of histologic examination of biopsy specimens.
Results—In 38 (83%) dogs, fungal plaques were seen in the nasal cavity during rhinoscopy, whereas in the remaining 8 (17%), fungal plaques were not seen in the nasal cavity but were seen in the frontal sinus. Duration of clinical signs, proportions of dogs in which the referring veterinarian had performed a nasal examination prior to referral, proportions of dogs with computed tomographic evidence of nasal cavity cavitation or sinus involvement, and proportions of dogs with rhinoscopic evidence of destructive rhinitis were not significantly different between dogs with nasal fungal plaques and dogs with fungal plaques only in the frontal sinus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results confirm that frontal sinus involvement is common in dogs with nasal aspergillosis and suggest that frontal sinus trephination and sinuscopy may aid in the diagnosis of aspergillosis in dogs, particularly dogs with rhinoscopic evidence of destructive rhinitis and computed tomographic evidence of sinus involvement that lack detectable fungal plaques in the nasal cavity.
Substrate versus Catalyst Control of Stereoselectivity in the Cyclopropanation of a Carbon‐Carbon Double Bond Linked to the Reactant Diazoacetate through a Chiral Linker
Authors: Weathers Thomas M. , Doyle Michael P. , Carducci Michael D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe trajectory of a carbon‐carbon double bond onto a metal carbene for cyclopropane formation is dependent on the the configurations of the catalyst and the reacting substrate. Diazoacetates prepared from the butane‐2,3‐diacetals (BDA) of (L)‐ and (D)‐threitol were employed to examine the influence of a remote conformational bias on diastereoselectivity in cyclopropanation. Diastereoselectivities in the dirhodium(II) carboxamidate‐catalyzed diazo decomposition reactions are as high as a 91 : 9 with match/mismatch selectivites, dependent on catalyst configuration, and are favored in the order: Rh2(MEPY)4>Rh2(MEOX)4>Rh2(MEAZ)4> Rh2(MPPIM)4. The reactions catalyzed by the Cu(CH3CN)4PF6/(S,S)‐t‐Bu‐BOX produce as major isomers those in which the relative stereochemistry of the cyclopropane products is the same, regardless of which diazoacetate enantiomer is employed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed O‐Allylation of α‐Hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Nave Stefan 
Published: March 2006

Abstractα‐Hydroxy carbonyl compounds undergo smooth O‐allylation using allylic carbonates and Pd(0) catalysts. This method has significant advantages over other O‐allylation methods as it provides a solution to several problems previously observed for this synthetic transformation.
Facile Synthesis and Ring‐Opening Cross Metathesis of Carbo‐ and Heterocyclic Bicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐6‐en‐3‐ones Using Gaseous Olefinic Reaction Partners
Authors: Mihovilovic Marko D. , Grötzl Birgit , Kandioller Wolfgang , Snajdrova Radka , Muskotál Adél , Bianchi Dario A. , Stanetty Peter 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe title compounds were prepared by a facile [4+3]‐cycloaddition strategy involving sonochemistry. The oxyallyl species required for the reaction with the corresponding diene was generated from a suitable perbromo ketone with activated zinc under sonification conditions. The resulting dibromo bicyclo compounds were reduced to the target products using a Cu/Zn couple. Ring‐opening cross metathesis of the resulting bicyclic species was established as an efficient method for the diastereoselective preparation of cis‐3,5‐disubstituted cycloketones. Especially gaseous olefins gave symmetrical and unsymmetrical products as versatile platforms for subsequent transformations. This is the first example of such a ring‐opening reaction of a non‐strained ring system.
Mild Conditions for Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Phenols and Aryl Iodides and Bromides
Authors: Ouali Armelle , Spindler Jean‐Francis , Cristau Henri‐Jean , Taillefer Marc 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCoupling of phenols and aryl bromides can be efficiently performed by means of catalytic amounts of copper iodide and the inexpensive ligand 1 (structure given in Table 1). The reaction is applicable to a wide range of substrates and proceeds at 60–80 °C, the lowest temperatures reported to date for an Ullmann‐type synthesis of diaryl ethers. Moreover, the use of aryl bromides and inexpensive K3PO4 as base make this method attractive for applications on an industrial scale.