bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Monitoring of Intravenously Injected Gold Nanorods Using Near‐Infrared Light
Authors: Niidome Takuro , Akiyama Yasuyuki , Shimoda Kohei , Kawano Takahito , Mori Takeshi , Katayama Yoshiki , Niidome Yasuro 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGold nanorods showing surface plasmon (SP) bands in the near‐IR region are used as bioimaging probes that respond to near‐IR light in mice. The SP bands of intravenously injected polyethylene glycol‐modified gold nanorods are directly monitored from the mouse abdomen by using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. The absorbance at 900 nm from the gold nanorods immediately increases after injection and reaches a plateau. The injection of phosphatidylcholine‐modified gold nanorods also increases the absorbance at 900 nm, but the absorbance decreases single exponentially with a 1.3‐min half‐life. In vivo spectral changes of gold nanorods depend on the surface characteristics, and can be observed in real time using simple spectroscopic measurements.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Seropositivity Among Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Erim Tolga , Cruz‐Correa Marcia R. , Szomstein Samuel , Velis Evelio , Rosenthal Raul 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) seropositivity in patients undergoing bariatric surgery with that of the general population.MethodsH. pylori serologies, tested by ELISA, were collected on 240 morbidly obese patients seen at the Cleveland Clinic Florida and on 2444 randomly selected patients seen at the Cleveland Clinic Health System from 2003–2005.ResultsH. pylori prevalence was 61.3% in the bariatric surgery group versus 48.2% in the general population control group (p < 0.001). Bariatric patients had a 1.7‐fold increased likelihood of having HP when compared with controls (95% CI = 1.3–2.2). Age over 35 years was an independent risk factor for HP seropositivity (p < 0.01) in both the bariatric and control groups. There was no association found between body mass index and seropositivity within the bariatric group. There was no significant association between seropositivity and gender (p = 0.776). However, there was a significant association between seropositivity and race (p < 0.01). African‐Americans had four times more (OR = 4.05) probability of having HP seropositivity than Caucasians (p < 0.01). Hispanics had almost three times (OR = 2.6) more probability of having HP seropositivity than Caucasians (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe prevalence of HP seropositivity among bariatric patients is significantly higher than the general population control group.
From Hippocrates to Tissue Engineering: Surgical Strategies in Wound Treatment
Authors: Nicoli Aldini Nicolò , Fini Milena , Giardino Roberto 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe history of wound treatment has been virtually the history of surgery for many centuries and also is a history of alliance and conflicts between the physician and nature. The Hippocratic statement about natura medicatrix has been well known since antiquity, but often was neglected. Suppuration was considered a necessary event in the healing process and was elicited by the surgeons with traumatic and painful procedures. The concept of simplicity in treating the wounds was suggested by Teodorico Borgognone and Henry de Mondeville in 13th century and was confirmed only three centuries later by the works of Ambroise Paré and Cesare Magati. The history of wound management has been characterized by empiricism since the 18th century, but it took a physiopathological direction during the 19th century when Virchow investigated tissue reaction to injuries, and Lister introduced antiseptic procedures in surgery. By establishing the basis for a biological method to treat wounds, the seeds were sown to enhance the pathways involved in tissue repair, also with the support of new strategies and technology.
Does maternal knowledge impact blood phenylalanine concentration in Turkish children with phenylketonuria?
Authors: Gokmen Ozel H. , Kucukkasap T. , Koksal G. , Kalkanoglu Sivri H. S. , Dursun A. , Tokatli A. , Coskun T. 
Published: June 2008

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the level of maternal knowledge and the blood phenylalanine (Phe) control in phenylketonuria (PKU; OMIM 261600). The study was conducted on 144 children (81 boys, 63 girls) with PKU, aged between 1 and 15 years, at Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Metabolism and Nutrition Unit. All subjects were treated with a low‐Phe diet using a Phe‐exchange system. A 20‐question multiple‐choice questionnaire was applied to the mothers to determine their knowledge about PKU and its dietary treatment. Questions in the test consisted of the knowledge about the disease (6 questions), general dietary knowledge (14 questions) and knowledge about specific exchange within the dietary questions (6 questions). The median blood Phe concentration for the previous 3‐year period was used as an indicator of metabolic control. Eighty‐seven children had a median blood Phe concentration above the MRC Working Party Guidelines. There was a negative correlation between maternal knowledge about exchange and median blood Phe concentration in the child (p<0.05). Maternal knowledge about a standard 15 mg Phe exchange system is correlated with dietary compliance as measured by blood Phe concentrations in our subjects. We would like to implement an easier method of measuring Phe exchanges to improve dietary knowledge in the mothers.
Efficient Immobilization of Lecitase in Gelatin Hydrogel and Degumming of Rice Bran Oil Using a Spinning Basket Reactor
Authors: Sheelu Gurrala , Kavitha G. , Fadnavis Nitin W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractImmobilization of Lecitase (Phospholipase A1) in gelatin hydrogel and its stability is studied with a view to utilizing the immobilized enzyme for degumming rice bran oil. Excellent retention of enzyme activity (>80%) is observed in hydrogel containing 43.5% gelatin crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Compared to the free enzyme which has a broad pH‐activity profile (6.5–8.0), the activity of the immobilized enzyme is strongly dependent on pH and has a pH‐optimum of pH 7.5. The optimum temperature of enzyme activity increases from 37 to 50 °C. Compared to the free enzyme which loses all its activity in 72 h at 50 °C, the immobilized enzyme retains its activity in full. The immobilized enzyme has been used efficiently in a spinning basket bioreactor for the degumming of rice bran oil with 6 recycles without loss of enzyme activity. The phosphorus content of the oil decreases from 400 ppm to 50–70 ppm in each cycle. After charcoal treatment and dewaxing, a second enzymatic treatment brings down the phosphorus content to <5 ppm.
Clinical update on the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine
Authors: Kress Hans G. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTBuprenorphine was not used widely in clinical practice over many years, mainly due to analgesic potency and clinical safety concerns based on misinterpreted animal data. Contrary to previous concerns, however, no analgesic ceiling effect and no antagonism of combined pure μ‐opioid receptor agonists is seen within the therapeutic dose range. In recent studies, buprenorphine could be effectively and safely combined with full μ‐agonists, and switching between buprenorphine and another opioid provided comparable pain relief based on equianalgesic doses. Moreover, buprenorphine exerts an antihyperalgesic effect, which is due—at least in part—to antagonistic activity at κ‐opioid receptors.Buprenorphine pharmacokinetics are not altered by advanced age or renal dysfunction. In addition, the risk of respiratory depression is lower than with other opioids including morphine, hydromorphone, methadone and fentanyl. Unlike morphine and fentanyl, there is no immunosuppressive activity with buprenorphine at therapeutic analgesic doses. Transdermal buprenorphine has significantly improved the clinical use of the drug, providing continuous buprenorphine release for up to 96h. In clinical trials, patients receiving transdermal buprenorphine experienced significantly greater pain relief, better sleep, and a reduced need for rescue therapy, compared to placebo. Large‐scale post‐marketing studies have confirmed the effectiveness of transdermal buprenorphine in treating moderate‐to‐severe cancer and non‐cancer pain including neuropathic syndromes. Finally, the comparably low incidence of CNS adverse events and constipation, and the possibility of use in severe renal dysfunction without a need for dose adjustment make buprenorphine well suited for chronic pain management in at‐risk patients, such as diabetics, elderly or renally impaired individuals including those requiring haemodialysis.
Effects of transgene‐mediated endomorphin‐2 in inflammatory pain
Authors: Hao Shuanglin , Wolfe Darren , Glorioso Joseph C. , Mata Marina , Fink David J. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTWe examined the analgesic properties of endomorphin‐2 expressed in DRG neurons transduced with a non‐replicating herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐based vector containing a synthetic endomorphin‐2 gene construct. HSV‐mediated endomorphin‐2 expression reduced nocisponsive behaviors in response to mechanical and thermal stimuli after injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the paw, and reduced peripheral inflammation measured by paw swelling after injection of CFA. The analgesic effect of the vector was blocked by either intraperitoneal or intrathecal administration of naloxone methiodide, blocking peripheral and central μ opioid receptors, respectively. Endomorphin‐2 vector injection also reduced spontaneous pain‐related behaviors in the delayed phase of the formalin test and in both CFA and formalin models suppressed spinal c‐fos expression. The magnitude of the vector‐mediated analgesic effect on the delayed phase of the formalin test was similar in naïve animals and in animals with opiate tolerance induced by twice daily treatment with morphine, suggesting that there was no cross‐tolerance between vector‐mediated endomorphin‐2 and morphine. These results suggest that transgene‐mediated expression of endomorphin‐2 in transduced DRG neurons in vivo acts both peripherally and centrally through mu opioid receptors to reduce pain perception.
Effect of parental family history of Alzheimer's disease on serial position profiles
Authors: La Rue Asenath , Hermann Bruce , Jones Jana E. , Johnson Sterling , Asthana Sanjay , Sager Mark A. 
Published: June 2008

BackgroundAn exaggerated recency effect (ie, disproportionate recall of last‐presented items) has been consistently observed in the word list learning of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study sought to determine whether there were similar alterations in serial position learning among asymptomatic persons at risk for AD as a result of parental family history.MethodsSubjects included 623 asymptomatic middle‐aged children of patients with AD (median, 53 years) and 157 control participants whose parents survived to at least age 70 without AD or other memory disorders. All participants were administered the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, which requires learning and recall of 15 unrelated nouns.ResultsThere was no significant difference in total words recalled between the AD children and control groups. However, compared with controls, AD children exhibited a significantly greater tendency to recall words from the end (recency) versus beginning (primacy) of the list. Serial position effects were unrelated to apolipoprotein allele epsilon 4 or depressive symptoms.ConclusionsAsymptomatic persons at risk for AD by virtue of family history do not show a difference in total words recalled compared with controls, but they exhibit a distinctly different serial position curve, suggesting greater reliance on immediate as opposed to episodic memory. This is the same serial position pattern observed in mild AD, seen here in reduced severity. Longitudinal follow‐up is planned to determine whether changes in serial position patterns are a meaningful marker for preclinical detection of AD.
Abnormal connectivity in the posterior cingulate and hippocampus in early Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhou Yongxia , Dougherty John H. , Hubner Karl F. , Bai Bing , Cannon Rex L. , Hutson R. Kent 
Published: June 2008

BackgroundBrain imaging studies of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown decreased metabolism predominantly in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial temporal lobe, and inferior parietal lobe. This study investigated functional connectivity between these regions, as well as connectivity between these regions and the whole brain.MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies were performed in subjects with early AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal controls.ResultsThe data indicate both decreased fiber connections and disrupted connectivity between the hippocampus and PCC in early AD. The MCI group showed reduced fiber numbers derived from PCC and hippocampus to the whole brain.ConclusionsThe fMRI and DTI results confirmed decreased connectivity from both the PCC and hippocampus to the whole brain in MCI and AD and reduction in connectivity between these two regions, which plausibly represents an early imaging biomarker for AD.
The pilot European Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative of the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium
Authors: Frisoni Giovanni B. , Henneman Wouter J.P. , Weiner Michael W. , Scheltens Philip , Vellas Bruno , Reynish Emma , Hudecova Jaroslava , Hampel Harald , Burger Katharina , Blennow Kaj , Waldemar Gunhild , Johannsen Peter , Wahlund Lars‐Olof , Zito Giancarlo , Rossini Paolo M. , Winblad Bengt , Barkhof Frederik ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2008

BackgroundIn North America, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has established a platform to track the brain changes of Alzheimer's disease. A pilot study has been carried out in Europe to test the feasibility of the adoption of the ADNI platform (pilot E‐ADNI).MethodsSeven academic sites of the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) enrolled 19 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 22 with AD, and 18 older healthy persons by using the ADNI clinical and neuropsychological battery. ADNI compliant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood samples were shipped to central repositories. Medial temporal atrophy (MTA) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were assessed by a single rater by using visual rating scales.ResultsRecruitment rate was 3.5 subjects per month per site. The cognitive, behavioral, and neuropsychological features of the European subjects were very similar to their U.S. counterparts. Three‐dimensional T1‐weighted MRI sequences were successfully performed on all subjects, and cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained from 77%, 68%, and 83% of AD patients, MCI patients, and controls, respectively. Mean MTA score showed a significant increase from controls (left, right: 0.4, 0.3) to MCI patients (0.9, 0.8) to AD patients (2.3, 2.0), whereas mean WMH score did not differ among the three diagnostic groups (between 0.7 and 0.9). The distribution of both MRI markers was comparable to matched US‐ADNI subjects.ConclusionsAcademic EADC centers can adopt the ADNI platform to enroll MCI and AD patients and older controls with global cognitive and structural imaging features remarkably similar to those of the US‐ADNI.
Permian ultramafic-mafic magmatism and accompanying Cu-Ni mineralization in the Gobi-Tien Shan belt as a result of the Tarim plume activity
Authors: Polyakov G.V. , Izokh A.E. , Borisenko A.S. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The paper reports data on the age, composition, and geodynamic environments of Permian ultramafic-mafic complexes in the Zaisan-Gobi zone in the eastern Gobi-Tien Shan rift belt. The synchronous formation of these complexes with Early Permian lava alkali and tholeiitic basalts discovered beneath the cover of the Tarim and Junggar platform blocks suggests that they are derivates of the Tarim plume related to the Permo-Triassic Siberian superplume. This is evidenced from the composition and metallogeny of the complexes similar to those of magnesian trap intrusions on the western periphery of the Siberian Platform.
In the area of influence of the Tarim plume, including the Zaisan-Gobi zone and other structures of the Gobi-Tien Shan belt, diverse Cu-Ni-PGE, Ni-Co-As, Au-Hg, Cu-Mo, and ore deposits related to plume magmatism formed. Their composition, formation conditions, and relationship with magmatism are discussed.
Geological implications of the thermochemical plume model
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
This paper reviews available the mantle plume models and formulates seven questions, which can be solved using geological and geochemical data in terms of the thermochemical plume model.
The main features of thermochemical plumes, including calculated plume parameters, are presented. It has been estimated how the power of a plume depends on water concentration in melt at variable melt portions and diffusion coefficients (Lewis numbers). A correlation between the latter and temperature drop at the base of a plume has been shown.
The obtained plume parameters are compared with model plume localities, such as the Hawaiian and East African plumes, Siberian and Emeishan flood basalts, etc. Based on the oceanic plate movement pattern and He, Os, and Sr isotope data, the Hawaiian plume was proved to be generated within the D2 lower mantle layer; the diameter of the plume channel is about 100 km, the plume channel rotated and migrated to 100–200 km every 2 Ma; the plume power is about 3⋅108 kW, changing each 15 Ma. The reconstruction of complex core material-plume melts and Layer C-asthenosphere interactions is possible only by isotopic data and primary olivine composition.
The plume model was applied to large igneous provinces (Siberian, Emeishan, and Ontong Java LIPs) using detailed mechanisms of plume head interaction with the lithosphere. Taking into account the similar age and evolution of the Tunguska syncline (Siberian LIP) and West Siberia, the plume-lithosphere interactions are deduced from the relationships between sedimentary and magmatic units, different modes of rifting, and variations of Sr and Nd isotopes.
Permo-Triassic magmatism and metallogeny of Northern Vietnam in relation to the Emeishan plume
Authors: Hoa Tran Trong , Izokh A.E. , Polyakov G.V. , Borisenko A.S. , Anh Tran Tuan , Balykin P.A. , Phuong Ngo Thi , Rudnev S.N. , Van Vu Van , Nien Bui An 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
We have shown that the occurrences of Permo-Triassic magmatism in northern Vietnam compose the southwestern and southeastern flanks of the Emeishan large igneous province, shifted along the large-amplitude Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone. Based on new geochronological (U-Pb and Ar/Ar) data, two stages of magmatism related to the Emeishan plume have been recognized. At the first, Permian, stage (260 Ma), abundant picritoids of the Song Da and Song Hien zones formed, and at the second, gabbro-syenite and gabbro-monzodiorite associations of the Lo Gam zone, layered peridotite-gabbro massifs of the Nui Chua complex, high-alumina granites of the Phia Bioc complex, and basalt-rhyolite association of the Song Hien zone were produced. The metallogenic specialization of the Permo-Triassic magmatism of northern Vietnam is considered.
Permian magmatism and lithospheric deformation in the Altai caused by crustal and mantle thermal processes
Authors: Vladimirov A.G. , Kruk N.N. , Khromykh S.V. , Polyansky O.P. , Chervov V.V. , Vladimirov V.G. , Travin A.V. , Babin G.A. , Kuibida M.L. , Khomyakov V.D. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
New structural and petrological data have been obtained for the zone of Siberia-Kazakhstan oblique collision for Permian time. In terms of classical tectonics, the area coincides with the Zaisan folded area produced by closure of the Char paleo-ocean in the Late Carboniferous. However, the extent, structure, and composition of magmatism at the Carboniferous-Permian (280±10 Ma) and Permian-Triassic (250±5 Ma) boundaries require an active control from Morgan-type lower mantle plumes (Tarim and Siberian plumes). Structure formation in the lithosphere and heat sources of magmatism have been simulated in a 3D model including lithospheric strain rates (with regard to viscosity layering) and subcontinental upper mantle convection. According to our model, heat supply from slab break-off and/or delamination of lithosphere is insufficient to maintain large-scale mantle-crustal magmatism in the case of oblique collision between 80–100 km thick plates (“soft collision”). The Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic Altai is considered as a model of a large hot shear zone, a particular structure produced by interference of plate- and plume-tectonic processes. Special attention is given to structural and petrological markers of plume tectonics (reported for the case of the Altai collisional shear system), with their diagnostic features useful for understanding geodynamics of other similar regions.
Permian-Triassic magmatism and Ag-Sb mineralization in southeastern Altai and northwestern Mongolia
Authors: Pavlova G.G. , Borisenko A.S. , Goverdovskii V.A. , Travin A.V. , Zhukova I.A. , Tret’yakova I.G. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
In the 1980s, Ag-Sb deposits were discovered in a new ore cluster of the Delyun-Yustyd back-arc rift basin in southeastern Altai and northwestern Mongolia. The Delyun-Yustyd basin is filled with up to 9 km thick Devonian volcanosedimentary and terrigenous rocks lying over Vendian-Cambrian carbonate-terrigenous strata. Volcanosedimentary rocks are intruded by D3-C1 granites of the Yustyd complex, as well as by pre-granite mafic rocks, post-granite gabbro-diabase, diabase porphyry dikes, and younger lamprophyre dikes of the Chuya complex (245–236 Ma Ar-Ar biotite age). Ag-Sb ores in the Yustyd cluster formed at the Early Mesozoic stage at 240±1.6 Ma (Early-Middle Triassic boundary) and were thus nearly coeval with the Chuya lamprophyre intrusion. The age of Cu-Ag-Sb-Hg mineralization is about 234.4±1.0 Ma (Ar-Ar, sericite). Sb-Hg mineralization is the latest in the province (231.5±1.0 Ma, Ar-Ar, sericite). Gradual change of Ag-Sb (siderite-tetrahedrite) ores to complex Cu-Ag-Sb-Hg (Hg-Ag-tetrahedrite) and Sb-Hg (cinnabar with Sb sulfosalts and stibnite) mineralization along the Kurai-Kobdo and Terekta-Tolbonur large faults is interpreted as development of stage metallogenic zoning along major ore-controlling faults.