bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arteriovenous Fistula Use Is Associated with Lower Cardiovascular Mortality Compared with Catheter Use among ESRD Patients
Authors: Wasse Haimanot , Speckman Rebecca A. , McClellan William M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the recommended form of dialysis vascular access, however, limited studies suggest that AVF creation may result in increased cardiovascular stress and remodeling. To explore the contribution of vascular access type to cardiovascular‐related (CV) mortality, we analyzed USRDS Clinical Performance Measures data comprising 4854 patients that initiated dialysis between October 1, 1999–December 31, 2004. CV mortality included death from acute myocardial infarction, atherosclerotic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest or stroke. Risk of cardiovascular mortality during a 4‐year observation was analyzed by Cox‐regression methods with adjustments for demographic and co‐morbid conditions. AVF use was strongly associated with lower all‐cause and CV mortality. After adjustment for covariates, AVF use 90 days after dialysis initiation remained significantly associated with lower cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.69, p = 0.0004] compared with catheter use. These findings suggest that vascular access type influences cause‐specific mortality beyond that of infection, and support existing guidelines recommending the use of an AVF early in the course of chronic end‐stage renal disease therapy.
Adverse Reactions to Latex Occurring in an Outpatient Dialysis Access Center
Authors: Fuld Robert A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLatex allergies have been reported to be present in 1–5% of the general population. Patients with multiple surgeries and frequent exposure have a significant increase in the risk of a serious latex allergy. Reports of latex allergy in dialysis patients who need interventional procedures, however, have been limited. In this analysis, two patients treated at an outpatient dialysis access center are presented with presumed latex allergies. This report reviews the mechanism of latex allergy and provides important considerations regarding latex allergy. In addition, it calls for heightened awareness of this uncommon but potentially dangerous condition.
Lipid Metabolism in Dialysis Patients—The Story Gets More Complicated
Authors: Ponda Manish P. , Barash Irina 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCardiovascular disease continues to be the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Compared with the general population, dialysis patients suffer from an accelerated disease course that is, at least in part, resistant to conventional therapy. While there are a myriad of potential explanations for this resistance, derangements in lipid metabolism probably play an important role. Here, we discuss the significance of altered lipid metabolism in uremia, such as oxidative lipoprotein modification and the pathophysiology of adipose tissue; limitations of conventional approaches to dyslipidemia such as statin therapy and traditional lipid profiles; and areas of investigation with potential for new therapy, such as reverse cholesterol transport.
The first case of drug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia due to hydrocortisone
Authors: Martinengo Marina , Ardenghi Diego Fabio , Tripodi Gino , Reali Giorgio 
Published: September 2008

BACKGROUND: Drug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a well‐known complication of drug treatment. Sensitization can occur, due to interaction of the drug and/or its metabolites with cells of the immune system, after the first drug administration, while the hemolytic crisis generally occurs after repeated administration of a drug. This event occurred in the case described here of acute hemolysis due to the administration of corticosteroids.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To define the etiopathogenesis of the hemolytic crisis, immunohematologic screening and specific tests were performed to identify antibodies against a possible drug–red cell (RBC) complex and circulating drug–anti‐drug antibody immune complexes. Six drugs administered to the patient were tested and results were confirmed by test repetition using other types of corticosteroids.RESULTS: Indirect antiglobulin test performed with the patient's serum sample on 22 RBC samples from commercial panels was strongly positive, while it was negative on RBCs from ABO‐compatible donors. The same test repeated on commercial RBCs after washing was negative. Specific tests were negative for five of the six tested drugs, while RBCs incubated with hydrocortisone strongly reacted with the patient's serum. The same tests performed using other types of corticosteroids confirmed a reaction with the same positivity score on all tested molecules.CONCLUSION: The positive reaction observed each time the patient's serum sample was incubated with RBCs in the presence of corticosteroids suggested that the triggering cause of hemolysis was an immune‐mediated mechanism and the drug responsible for DIIHA was hydrocortisone.
Validity of ‘post‐traumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features’: a review of the evidence
Authors: Braakman M. H. , Kortmann F. A. M. , Van Den Brink W. 
Published: September 2008

Objective:  To review the evidence from empirical studies regarding the validity of ‘post‐traumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features’ (PTSD‐SP) as a separate diagnostic entity.Method:  The authors performed a review tracing publications between 1980 and January 2008.Results:  Twenty‐four comparative studies were included. These studies indicate that PTSD‐SP is a syndrome that comprises PTSD‐symptoms followed in time by the additional appearance of psychotic features. The psychotic features are not confined to episodes of re‐experiencing, but remain present continuously. PTSD‐SP seems to have some biological features differentiating it from schizophrenia and PTSD, e.g. there are differences in smooth pursuit eye movement patterns, concentrations of corticotropin‐releasing factor and dopamine β‐hydroxylase activity.Conclusion:  There is currently not yet full support for PTSD‐SP as a nosological entity. However, the delineation of PTSD‐SP from other psychiatric syndromes is notable and biological studies seem to support the validity as a separate diagnostic entity.
Clinical and serotonergic predictors of non‐affective acute remitting psychosis in patients with a first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Arranz B. , San L. , Ramírez N. , Dueñas R. M. , Perez V. , Salavert J. , Corripio I. , Alvarez E. 
Published: September 2008

Objective:  The study aimed to establish clinical predictors of non‐affective acute remitting psychosis (NARP) and assess whether these patients showed a distinct serotonergic profile.Method:  First‐episode never treated psychotic patients diagnosed of paranoid schizophrenia (n = 35; 21 men and 14 women) or NARP (n = 28; 15 men and 13 women) were included.Results:  NARP patients showed significantly lower negative symptomatology, better premorbid adjustment, shorter duration of untreated psychosis, more depressive symptomatology and a lower number of 5‐HT2A receptors than the paranoid schizophrenia patients. In the logistic regression, the four variables associated with the presence of NARP were: low number of 5‐HT2A receptors; good premorbid adjustment; low score in the item ‘hallucinatory behaviour’ and reduced duration of untreated psychosis.Conclusion:  Our findings support the view that NARP is a highly distinctive condition different from either affective psychosis or other non‐affective psychosis such as schizophrenia, and highlight the need for its validation.
Electroconvulsive therapy for burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Suda S. , Takagai S. , Inoshima‐Takahashi K. , Sugihara G. , Mori N. , Takei N. 
Published: September 2008

Objective:  Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an orofacial pain disorder characterized by a chronic, idiopathic burning sensation of the oral mucosa that mostly affects middle‐aged women. Although both psychological and neuropathological factors have been postulated to underlie BMS, the pathogenic mechanism of the condition remains controversial, as do the treatment strategies.Method:  A single case was reported.Results:  Ms A, a 66‐year‐old woman with BMS type 1, which is characterized by daily burning pain associated with circadian variation, underwent electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). After the completion of 12 ECTs, the pain markedly diminished and the pronounced ECT effect persisted over the subsequent 24‐week period of observation.Conclusion:  To our knowledge, this is the first clinical report on the efficacy of ECT for treating pain associated with BMS. ECT can be considered to be an option for treating individuals with enduring and intractable intraoral burning pain.
No structural cerebral differences between children with a history of bacterial meningitis and healthy siblings
Authors: De Jonge Rogier CJ , Swart Joost F , Koomen Irene , Rombouts Serge ARB , Gemke Reinoud JBJ , Barkhof Frederik , Van Furth A Marceline 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim: After bacterial meningitis, about one‐third of children develops academic and/or behavioural limitations. The aim of our study was to search for structural differences in the brain, with a special focus on the hippocampus, between childhood survivors of bacterial meningitis with and without academic and/or behavioural limitations and healthy siblings.Patients and methods: A selection of a cohort, compiled in an earlier performed retrospective study, was used in this case‐control study. Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans of the brain were performed in 43 post‐meningitis children, of whom 18 had learning and/or behavioural limitations and 25 had no problems, and 18 controls. Voxel‐based morphometry investigated the brain for structural changes. Hippocampal volume and lateral ventricle width were measured.Results: No structural differences between the groups, in any area of the brain, were found. There were no significant differences in hippocampal volume or lateral ventricle width. The group with limitations had three children with a right hippocampal volume smaller than two standard deviations below the mean of the control group.Conclusion: Despite hippocampus lesions found in experimental studies, we found no anatomical differences of the brain or hippocampus related to bacterial meningitis in children, nor to the academic and/or behavioural limitations seen after bacterial meningitis.
Coffee consumption during pregnancy and the risk of hyperkinetic disorder and ADHD: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Linnet Karen Markussen , Wisborg Kirsten , Secher Niels Jørgen , Hove Thomsen Per , Obel Carsten , Dalsgaard Søren , Henriksen Tine Brink 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim: Based on hypotheses from experimental studies, we studied the association between intrauterine exposure to coffee and the risk of clinically verified hyperkinetic disorder and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: A cohort study with prospectively collected data from the Aarhus Birth Cohort, Denmark. We included 24 068 singletons delivered between 1990 and 1998. Linkage was performed with three Danish longitudinal registers: The Danish Psychiatric Central Register, The Integrated Database for Labour Market Research and The Danish Civil Registration System. We identified 88 children with hyperkinetic disorder and ADHD. Information about coffee consumption during pregnancy was obtained at 16 weeks of gestation from self‐administrated questionnaires. Potential confounding factors were evaluated using Cox regression analyses.Results: We found that intrauterine exposure to 10 or more cups of coffee per day was associated with a threefold increased risk of hyperkinetic disorder and ADHD. After adjustments for a number of confounding factors, the risk decreased and became statistically insignificant (RR 2.3, 95% CI 0.9–5.9).Conclusion: Prenatal exposure to high levels of coffee did not significantly increase the risk of clinically verified hyperkinetic disorder and ADHD in childhood.
Adjusting for heterogeneity of variance for carcass traits affects single and multiple trait selections in genetic evaluation of Japanese Black cattle
Authors: NAKAOKA Hirofumi , GAILLARD Claude , IBI Takayuki , SASAE Yotaro , SASAKI Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTHeterogeneity of variance among subclasses of an effect is a potential source of bias in genetic evaluation. Degrees of the heterogeneity of variance among farm‐market‐year‐sex (FMYS) subclasses for carcass weight, beef marbling standard number, rib‐eye area, rib thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness were investigated in Japanese Black cattle. Consequences of adjusting for the heterogeneity on the predicted breeding values (PBVs) or on the genetic indexes derived from the PBVs of the five carcass traits were assessed. A total of 57 461 records were collected between 1997 and 2002 from steers and heifers fattened at farms across Japan. These records were grouped into 1591 FMYS subclasses. Bartlett's test showed that the degree of the heterogeneity of variance among the FMYS subclasses was sizeable in all traits (P < 0.0001). By applying a two‐step adjustment procedure it was possible to reduce the standard deviation, the coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient of the phenotypic variances by 67.5% to 75.0% in the different traits. The applied adjustment caused a substantial re‐ranking of elite dams in the PBV for each trait as well as in the genetic index. This study provided evidence that the applied adjustment reduces the bias in the PBVs due to heterogeneous variances and increases the accuracy of bull‐dam selection.
Morphological and genetic analysis of Vietnamese Sus scrofa bones for evidence of pig domestication
Authors: ISHIGURO Naotaka , SASAKI Motoki , IWASA Mitsuhiro , SHIGEHARA Nobuo , HONGO Hitomi , ANEZAKI Tomoko , LONG Vu The , HAO Phan Xuan , TRACH Hguyen Xuan , NAM Nguyen Huu , THANH Vu Ngoc 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we used morphological and genetic analyzes to distinguish bones of domestic boars from those of wild boars. We analyzed 65 Sus bones (cranium, mandible and teeth) stored in three research institutes in Vietnam and in a village in Vietnam. Based on comparison of bucco‐lingual measurements of mandibular parts, the 58 specimens were morphologically classified into two size groups: a large bone group and a small bone group. Analysis of 572‐bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences indicated that the large bones had genetic links to wild boar lineage including Ryukyu, Taiwan and Korean wild boars, and that the small bone group was closely related to East Asian domestic pigs. The phylogenetic analysis and parsimonious networks constructed among mtDNA haplotypes belonging to Ryukyu wild boar lineage showed that the Ryukyu wild boar is closely related to the Vietnamese wild boars, and uniquely miniaturized on their islands after the Ryukyu archipelago became isolated from the Asian continent.
Nucleotide sequence polymorphisms of beta1‐, beta2‐, and beta3‐adrenergic receptor genes on Jinhua, Meishan, Duroc and Landrace pigs
Authors: CHIKUNI Koichi , HORIUCHI Atsushi , IDE Hanako , SHIBATA Masatoshi , HAYASHI Takeshi , NAKAJIMA Ikuyo , OE Mika , MUROYA Susumu 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe full amino acid coding sequences of adrenergic receptor genes beta1, beta2, and beta3 (ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3)were determined for Jinhua, Meishan, Duroc and Landrace pigs. Non‐synonymous substitution of Arg458Pro was found in the porcine ADRB1 gene, resulting in a 469 amino acid sequence. Continuous substitutions of Asn29Asp and Glu30Gln were found in the porcine ADRB2 gene, resulting in a 418 amino acid sequence. Additionally, a Lys30 polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene was found in the Jinhua pigs. There were three non‐synonymous substitutions of Asn24Thr, Arg264Gln and Asn398Asp on the porcine ADRB3 gene. A thymine insertion in the ADRB3 gene, resulting in a protein with two fewer amino acids, was found in the Jinhua and Meishan pigs. To assess the effect of ADRB polymorphisms on porcine subcutaneous fat layer thickness, we calculated the genetic frequency of the variants in fatty and lean groups, each consisting of 24 pigs that were crossbreds of Duroc and Jinhua pigs. The effect of the ADRB3 gene polymorphism was not evaluated, because there was insufficient variation on the ADRB3 gene in the examined groups. Although Fisher's exact test showed no significant difference in the frequency of ADRB1 and ADBR2 variants between the two groups, the Arg458 variant of ADRB1 was higher (P = 0.11) in the lean group, and pigs in that group had a thinner fat layer than did those with the Pro458 variant. These results imply a possibility of ADRB1 polymorphism as a minor factor in porcine fat layer thickness. The Asp29 variant of ADRB2 was higher in the lean group (P = 0.11), and the Glu30 variant was higher in the fatty group (P = 0.15), but the Asp29 variant was found only in the Chinese pigs. Thus, the effect of ADRB2 polymorphisms was not clear in this study.
Effects of supplementation of Panicum maximum with four herbaceous forage legumes on performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in West African dwarf goats
Authors: AJAYI Festus Tope , BABAYEMI Olaniyi Jacob , TAIWO Abiodun Ayinde 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of supplementing a basal diet of guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv Ntchisi) (diet 5) with Stylosanthes guianensis (diet 1), Lablab purpureus (diet 2), Aeschynomene histrix (diet 3) and Centrosema pubescens (diet 5) on West African dwarf goats were evaluated. Parameters measured were feed intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. Voluntary intake (g/kg W0.75/day) of dry matter (DM) 138.73, crude protein (CP) 25.86, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (96.29) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (65.73) of diet 1 were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the other diets with legume supplements. The feed intake of goats on diet 5 was lower (P < 0.05), having corresponding values of DM (108.21), CP (17.33), NDF (77.68), and ADF (53.55). Weight gain (g/day) differed (P < 0.05) in goats placed on the diets. The lowest weight gain was obtained in diet 5. The digestibilities of DM, CP, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) differed (P < 0.05) in diet 1–5 except for NDF digestibility. Nitrogen balance (g/kg W 0.75/day) ranged from 0.29 in diet 5 to 0.83 in diet 2 (P < 0.05). Similarly, nitrogen retention percentage was highest in diet 2 (35.17), with the lowest value in diet 5 (20.71). It could be concluded that a diet consisting of Panicum maximum with Lablab purpureus supplementation gave the highest performance in weight gain, nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen utilization. However, any of the herbaceous legumes in this study would lead to increased productivity of ruminant livestock.
Cold immersion recovery responses in the diabetic foot with neuropathy
Authors: Bharara Manish , Viswanathan Vijay , Cobb Jonathan E 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe aim of this article was to investigate the effectiveness of testing cold immersion recovery responses in the diabetic foot with neuropathy using a contact thermography system based on thermochromic liquid crystals. A total of 81 subjects with no history of diabetic foot ulceration were assigned to neuropathy, non neuropathy and healthy groups. Each group received prior verbal and written description of the test objectives and subsequently underwent a comprehensive foot care examination. The room temperature and humidity were consistently maintained at 24°C and less than 50%, respectively, with air conditioning. The right foot for each subject was located on the measurement platform after cold immersion in water at 18–20°C. Whole‐field thermal images of the plantar foot were recorded for 10 minutes. Patients with diabetes with neuropathy show the highest ‘delta temperature’, that is difference between the temperature after 10‐minute recovery period and baseline temperature measured independently at all the three sites tested, that is first metatarsal head (MTH), second MTH and heel. This clinical study showed for the first time the evidence of poor recovery times for the diabetic foot with neuropathy when assessing the foot under load. A temperature deficit (because of poor recovery to baseline temperature) suggests degeneration of thermoreceptors, leading to diminished hypothalamus‐mediated activity in the diabetic neuropathic group.
Warm immersion recovery test in assessment of diabetic neuropathy – a proof of concept study
Authors: Bharara Manish , Viswanathan Vijay , Cobb Jonathan E 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe aim of this article was to present results of warm immersion recovery test in the diabetic foot with neuropathy using a liquid crystal‐based contact thermography system. It is intended to provide a ‘proof of concept’ for promoting the role of supplementary thermal assessment techniques and evidence‐based diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. A total of 81 subjects from the outpatient department of MV Hospital for Diabetes, India, were assessed using a liquid crystal thermography system. Each subject was assigned to one of three study groups, that is diabetic neuropathy, diabetic non neuropathy and non diabetic healthy. The room temperature and humidity were consistently maintained at 24°C and less than 50%, respectively, with air conditioning. The right foot for each subject was located on the measurement platform after warm immersion in water at 37°C. Whole‐field thermal images of the plantar foot were recorded for 10 minutes. Local measurements at the most prevalent sites of ulceration, that is metatarsal heads, great toe and heel, show highest temperature deficit after recovery for diabetic neuropathy group. The findings of the current study support the ones of a previous study by the authors, which used cold immersion recovery test for the neuropathic assessment of the diabetic foot. A temperature deficit between the recovery and the baseline temperature for the neuropathic group suggests degeneration of thermoreceptors. Thermal stimulus tests can be useful to validate the nutritional deficits’ (during plantar loading and thermal stimulus) contribution in foot ulceration.