bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of FPL57787 in exercise‐induced asthma
Authors: THOMSON N. C. , GREEN A. G. H. , KERR J. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn ten patients with extrinsic asthma the effects of a new oral chromone FPL57787 and placebo were studied in a random double‐blind fashion to assess the effect of FPL57787 in preventing exercise‐induced asthma (EIA). Exercise testing consisted of steady state running on an inclined treadmill for up to 8 min. FPL57787 gave significant protection (P < 0.01) compared to placebo from the maximum percentage fall in FEV1, FVC and MMEF after exercise. FPL57787 also produced a small but significant (P < 0.01) percentage increase in FEV1, 2 hr after the drug compared to placebo, whereas no significant increase was seen in FVC or in MMEF.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG antibodies in farmers' lung disease
Authors: BAMDAD S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe ELISA was used for detection of specific IgG antibodies to Micropolyspora faeni antigens in 158 farmers with a history of exposure to mouldy hay, eighty‐eight of whom had a diagnosis of farmers' lung. The farmers’ lung group had significantly higher values in the ELISA than both the seventy exposed but asymptomatic farmers (P < 0.001) and a group of thirty‐one adult controls (P < 0.001). The asymptomatic farmers also had significantly higher values than the control group (P < 0.02). The ELISA correlated better with the clinical diagnosis than the Ouchterlony agar‐gel double‐diffusion (precipitin) test. None of the control group gave positive reactions in the ELISA or the precipitin tests. The ELISA is therefore a sensitive, specific and quantitative test which is readily available and widely applicable.
Assay of IgE antibodies against June and Timothy grasses by an immunoperoxidase technique
Authors: ALI M. , NALEBUFF D. J. , RAMANARAYANAN R. , FAYEMI A. O. , MESA‐TEJADA R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe results of eighty assays for serum IgE antibodies against June and Timothy grass antigens with a solid‐phase immunoperoxidase technique are correlated with those obtained with the RAST procedure. The allergens were insolubilized in polystyrene microtitre plates. After allowing the allergen‐specific IgE antibodies in the test serum t o bind the allergen, the plates were incubated with horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated rabbit antihuman IgE. The enzyme bound to the plates was assayed spectrophoto‐metrically using o‐phenylene diamine as the substrate.The coefficients of variation for within‐batch reproducibility ranged from 4.57 to 11.97%, and those for between‐batch variance from 8.25 to 13.7%. The slope of absorbance values of the immunoperoxidase assay is shallower than that of the bound radioactivity in the RAST technique. Notwithstanding, the immunoperoxidase method allows separation of non‐atopic controls from the sera containing specific IgE antibodies and categorization of positive sera into weakly, moderately, and strongly positive results. Free of the disadvantages inherent in the use of radioactive material, this assay offers an alternative to the RAST test for the assay of allergen‐specific IgE antibodies.
Histamine release from blood of asthmatics
Authors: CROMWELL O. , HARRIES M. G. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA group of forty‐two steroid‐dependent perennial asthmatics was studied over a 13‐week period including the 8 weeks of a double‐blind controlled trial of oral sodium cromoglycate. Given at a dose of 200 mg four times per day the drug provided no significant benefit to the patients when compared with results for those on placebo. Blood from eleven patients consistently failed to release more than 25% of the total cellular histamine when challenged with a range of concentrations of antibody to IgE. All six of the cryptogenic (intrinsic) asthmatics in the trial fell within this group, together with 2/12 asthmatics with negative skin tests but suggestive clinical histories implicating common allergens, and 3/24 extrinsic asthmatics with positive skin prick tests. There was no correlation between drug usage and histamine release in response to challenge with antibody to IgE.
A survey of P1‐antibodies in Scottish pigeon fanciers
Authors: MUNRO A. C. , INGLIS G. , LYNCH P. P. , BOYD G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe incidence and characteristics of P1‐antibodies in Scottish pigeon fanciers has been assessed. Of 223 individuals participating in the study, 23.3% were P1‐negative and of these, 53.9% had detectable P1‐antibodies. These antibodies were shown to belong to the IgM class and the highest serum levels were found in those pigeon fanciers with symptoms of respiratory disease who were sensitized to pigeon antigens. Of pigeon fanciers'; sera, 10.3% gave false positive reactions for the Hepatitis B surface antigen in a reversed passive haemagglutination test. The reactions were most prevalent in sensitized fanciers and were shown to be directed not against the absorbed HBsAg antibody, but against the turkey red cells used as carriers in the test. No relationship was observed between the existence of P1‐antibodies and false‐positive hepatitis reactions. It was concluded that the inhalation of avian antigens by pigeon fanciers can induce the production of at least three distinct populations of antibodies. No evidence was obtained to imply any special role for P1‐antibodies in the aetiology of pigeon fanciers' disease.
An in vivo demonstration of the antianaphylactic effect of terbutaline
Authors: RADERMECKER M. , GUSTIN M 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAllergen‐mediated histamine release was measured on small samples of blood in atopic subjects before and following ingestion of two tablets of terbutaline (5 mg) or placebo.No significant variation of histamine release was observed in the placebo group whereas a statistically significant decrease (maximally 45% of basal value) was found in four of the five patients receiving terbutaline. The mean reduction was about 25% of basal allergen‐mediated histamine release. The inhibition was observed 1 hr after taking the drug and persisted for at least 5 hr. Twenty‐four hours later the amount of histamine released by antigen was again at its basal value.These data indicate that terbutaline, at what are considered therapeutic doses, has an antianaphylactic action which might be of interest in the treatment of atopic disorders.
Total and specific IgE (RAST) in atopic twins
Authors: WÜTHRICH B. , BAUMANN E. , FRIES R. A. , SCHNYDER U. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFifty sets of twins (thirty monozygotic [MZ] and twenty dizygotic [DZ]), of whom at least one twin had a history of atopy, were investigated by means of skin tests, RAST and IgE determinations. The concordance of atopies for MZ was, with 56.7%, significantly higher as compared with the DZ with 20%. The mean values of the log serum IgE level differences for MZ and DZ sets of twins was not statistically significant but the percentage distribution of the log serum IgE level differences showed a closer correlation of the IgE levels among MZ. The MZ sets do not show a better concordance in the specific reagin production, as measured by RAST or skin tests, than the DZ sets. These findings seemed to indicate that although the tendency to IgE production is genetically determined its specificity is governed mainly by environmental influences.
Toluene‐diisocyanate induced asthma: evaluation of antibodies in the serum of affected workers against a tolyl mono‐isocyanate protein conjugate
Authors: DANKS J. M. , CROMWELL O. , BUCKINGHAM J. A. , NEWMAN‐TAYLOR A. J. , DAVIES R. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRadioallergosorbent testing was used to look for the presence of specific IgE antibody against a para‐tolyl‐mono‐isocyanate human serum albumin conjugate in sera from five groups of subjects. The first three groups consisted of individuals exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) who had been shown by bronchial provocation testing with levels of TDI below the threshold limit value of 0.02 parts/106, to have immediate asthmatic reactions, late asthmatic reactions or no respiratory changes at all. The two control groups consisted of atopic and non‐atopic individuals who had no respiratory symptoms and no known exposure to TDI. Although RAST showed high ct/min in some of the sera from patients with proven TDI‐induced respiratory disease, these levels were not significantly different from controls and appeared to reflect the presence in these sera of high levels of total IgE (> 100 u ml‐1). There is no evidence from this study for the presence of specific IgE antibody against a para‐tolyl mono isocyanate human serum albumin conjugate in patients with TDI‐induced respiratory disease. This finding may reflect absence of antibodies, or that the techniques for their detection are not always effective even when performed by experienced persons, and there is a potential source of error in the interpretation of results when sera contain large amounts of IgE.
A comparative trial of flunisolide and sodium cromoglycate nasal sprays in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: BROWN H. M. , ENGLER CORINA , ENGLISH J R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA trial of flunisolide nasal spray and sodium cromoglycate nasal spray in the treatment of hay fever was carried out during the summer of 1978. Sixty‐seven patients all suffering from grass‐pollen hay fever were given either flunisolide or sodium cromoglycate nasal sprays for 7 weeks. Patients were seen at 0,3 and 7 weeks and they also kept a daily record of symptoms.Overall assessment of symptom control and the patients daily records of sneezing showed flunisolide to be significantly superior to sodium cromoglycate. Patients records of symptoms correlated well with daily pollen counts.Side‐effects were similar in both treatment groups and consisted mainly of mild naso‐pharyngeal irritations.
The incidence and causative factors of atopic asthma and rhinitis in an Orkney farming community
Authors: CUTHBERT O. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFifty farming families on the mainland (the largest island) of Orkney were surveyed to assess the amount of allergic respiratory disease and the principal causative factor. This account deals with only type I allergy and demonstrates a prevalence of asthma and rhinitis of 17.3% and of extrinsic asthma and rhinitis, in which definite allergic causes can be identified, of 12.7%. In addition it is shown that over one‐fifth of the farming community are ‘atopic’ in that they demonstrate positive prick tests to one or more allergens. Less than 50% of those with allergic respiratory disease have attended the doctor with their complaint, a fact which calls in question the validity of epidemiological studies of allergic disease based on hospital and clinic attendances. Sex distribution confirms the finding that males suffer from asthma more frequently than females, however more females than males give positive skin tests without exhibiting symptoms of allergy.Pollens, animal danders and fungi all have a part to play in the aetiology of asthma and rhinitis among Orkney farmers, although the incidence of grass pollenosis is well below average. The two commonest allergens are hay dust and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus which are found frequently to affect the same subject.
Comparison of ketotifen, disodium cromoglycate and placebo in the treatment of adult patients with mild extrinsic asthma
Authors: MATTSON K. , POPPIUS H. , AHONEN A. , HAAHTELA T. , HURME R. , MAASILTA P. , MUITTARI A. , VENHO K. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySixty‐four patients with mild or moderate extrinsic asthma were treated with placebo for i month and thereafter with ketotifen (1 mg twice daily, orally), disodium cromoglycate (inhalation of 20 mg, four times daily), or placebo for 2 subsequent months. The trial was performed at four different centres and the treatments were compared using double‐blind technique. We found no difference between the effect of ketotifen, disodium cromoglycate and placebo on the patients' daily measurements of evening peak expiratory flow, daily score values for respiratory symptoms or the number of salbutamol puffs required to control symptoms. There was no difference between the treatment groups with regard to the patients' estimates of changes in airway sensitivity to different non‐specific stimuli: fumes, tobacco smoke, cold air, and exercise. The only significant effect of DSCG was a minor (4%) increase in the mean morning value for peak expiratory flow. The findings suggest that the addition of ketotifen or disodium cromoglycate to the regimen is unlikely to give further benefit in asthmatic patients, whose symptoms are reasonably well controlled by small doses of bronchodilating drugs.
Allergenic activity of fractions of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pollen
Authors: TOPPING M. D. , BROSTOFF J. , BRIGHTON W. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWith the combined use of skin tests, RAST and isoelectric focusing, a potency profile of a cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pollen extract was prepared. It was found that two fractions with pi 4.5 and 6.0 were the most allergenic, had the highest protein concentration and were also the most easily extracted. The importance of converting mean weal sizes into potency units when comparing the allergenicity of pollen fractions is emphasized.
An oral screening procedure to determine the sensitizing capacity of infant feeding formulae
Authors: McLAUGHLAN P. , ANDERSON K. J. , COOMBS R. R. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAllergy to cows' milk is an important and frequent cause of cows' milk protein‐intolerance in infants. Many infants within days of birth are fed cows' milk or cows' milk‐based formula feeds. It is thought desirable to have a test available that would indicate the allergenic potency per os of milk formulae and of milk substitutes intended for infant feeding.Such a test, based on the finding that guinea‐pigs drinking cows' milk become anaphylactically sensitized to milk proteins, is described. After drinking pasteurized milk for only 4 days, 88% of guinea‐pigs were susceptible to fatal anaphylaxis on intravenous challenge on the 22nd day; drinking milk for 8 days resulted in 100% of guinea‐pigs becoming sensitive to fatal anaphylaxis. Following milk drinking for 7 days, a subsequent interval of 7 days was required before anaphylactic sensitivity could be shown in 100% of animals. With this information the effect of heat on the per os allergenic potency of cow's milk could be examined; likewise the allergenic potency of supposedly hypo‐allergenic infant feed formulations.Pregestimil induced no anaphylactic sensitivity even after 37 days of drinking, and no anaphylactic antibodies, detectable by PCA, were formed to the milk proteins β‐lactoglobulin and casein. In contrast, AL110 likewise drunk by guinea‐pigs for 37 days resulted in 90% fatal anaphylactic reactions in animals challenged with the same product. Anaphylactic antibodies were found to casein but not to β lactoglobulin.Comminuted Chicken and Prosobee (a soya milk), two alternative ‘hypo‐allergenic’ cows' milk substitutes, rendered approximately 50% guinea‐pigs anaphylactically sensitive to the product fed, but neither product stimulated cross‐reactive anaphylactic antibodies to either casein or β‐lactoglobulin as tested by PCA.There is some indirect evidence that results of the guinea‐pig test are relevant to responses in infants with cows' milk protein intolerance.
A double‐blind trial of the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine, and the H1 receptor antagonist promethazine hydrochloride in the treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: FOULDS I. S. , MacKIE R. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty young adults with atopic dermatitis were allocated randomly in a clinical trial to compare the action of the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (Tagamet) and the H1 receptor antagonist promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan), singly and in combination. No significant differences were found, clinically or in the laboratory investigations, between the patients on either drug alone or the combination of the two.
Ketotifen and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatic patients
Authors: GIRARD J. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe degree of bronchoconstriction after acetylcholine challenge in twenty patients with extrinsic asthma was diminished significantly after 3 months' treatment with 1 mg ketotifen b.i.d. Since ketotifen has no appreciable anticholinergic effect this observation is an indication that ketotifen decreases the non‐specific bronchial hyperreactivity when administered over 3 months.
A cluster analysis of the effects of storage mites as allergens in relation to certain occupations and living conditions
Authors: AGHA M. , GNANASAKTHY A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe method of cluster analysis was used to examine the data of Wraith, Cunnington & Seymour (1979) to assess the role and allergenic importance of storage mites in house dust and other environments in relation to certain factors thought to influence patients' exposure to these species. The analysis provided strong statistical evidence that (a) excessively damp housing and (b) occupational risks of exposure were the two main factors associated with allergy to these species. It also indicated that sensitivity to D. pteronyssinus remained unaltered in environmental conditions more favourable to the growth and development of storage mites. Furthermore, it was shown that the storage species form a group of similar allergens distinct from the house‐dust mite.
A follow‐up study of children with food allergy. Clinical course in relation to serum IgE‐ and IgG‐antibody levels to milk, egg and fish
Authors: DANNAEUS A. , INGANÄS M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEighty‐two children with food sensitivity were followed‐up for 2‐5 years. Most children showed a decreasing sensitivity and the clinical course of food allergy seemed to reflect the course of the humoral immune responses to the offending foods. The occurrence of IgE‐ and IgG‐antibodies parallelled in most cases. However, an early, high IgG/IgE food antibody ratio seemed to be a good prognostic sign, indicating a possible blocking capacity of IgG‐antibodies.
Mite allergy in Hong Kong
Authors: GABRIEL MARY , CUNNINGTON A. M. , ALLAN W. G. L. , PICKERING C. A. C. , WRAITH D. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe various species of mites in the bedding dust and in a number of quilts of twenty patients in Hong Kong with house‐dust allergy have been identified and counted and skin tests performed with extracts of Dematophagoides spp. and six storage‐mites. These results are compared with a similar study in London. The particular environmental conditions which influence the numbers of mites and exposure to them have also been studied. D. pteronyssinus is the most frequently occurring species in bedding dust in Hong Kong, as it is in London, and is found in higher numbers in the dust from quilts which appear to be the main source of allergy, as are pillows, blankets, eiderdowns and surface dust of mattresses in the U.K. All the patients of both groups gave positive skin‐tests to this species.Temperature, humidity and rainfall are all at their highest during the summer in Hong Kong, the time when quilts are discarded and stored, usually several together, in cupboards or drawers providing optimal conditions for breeding of mites and spread of infestation.In a second group of eleven patients serial monthly D. pteronyssinus specific IgE‐values, estimated by RAST, showed a peak in January approximately 2 months after increased exposure to the mites resulting from the quilts being put back onto the beds in October‐November and an increase in the severity of patients' symptoms in November. There was a smaller peak in July possibly related to conditions caused by the high rainfall and cyclones in the preceding months.Storage mites were found in higher numbers in Hong Kong than in London house‐dust probably because sleeping rooms were often used for eating and cooking. The predominant species was Blomia tropicalis which produced the highest number of positive skin tests of the six storage‐species. These species have little allergenic relationship with Dermatophagoides so that hyposensitization with the latter may not be effective in patients with associated, predominantly storage‐mite allergy.
IgE‐mediated acute asthma following inhalation of a powdered marine sponge
Authors: BALDO B. A. , KRILIS S. , TAYLOR K. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIgE‐antibodies reactive with extracts of a number of different marine invertebrate‐species were demonstrated in the serum of a laboratory worker who experienced an acute attack of asthma following occupational exposure to powdered marine‐organisms. Histamine was liberated from the patient's blood following in vitro challenge with sponge extract. The desirability of knowing the atopic status of employees in certain occupations is stressed.
Predicting the results of allergen bronchial challenge by simple clinical methods
Authors: HILL D. J. , SHELTON M. J. , HOSKING C. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn this study, the ability to predict allergenic bronchial reactivity from non‐specific bronchial reactivity, measured by free corridor‐running, and the level of skin reactivity to whole rye grass pollen extract (WRGPE–Lolium perene) and house‐dust mite extract (HDM–Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) was examined in asthmatic children. Discriminant analysis of the data showed that, for the concentration of extracts used and the conditions of bronchial challenge for both allergens, the level of skin sensitivity to undiluted extract and the percentage fall in peak flow‐rate on exercise best‐predicted the outcome of bronchial challenge for WRGPE (100% of cases) and for HDM (89% of cases).The results suggest that it may be possible to predict allergenic bronchial‐reactivity to different allergens in children by simple clinical methods, if conditions of provocation and potency of allergen extracts can be standardized.
Different role of secretory IgA in the pathogenesis of RAST‐positive and RAST‐negative atopic dermatitis
Authors: PLEBANI A. , MONAFO V. , CESPA M. , GIANNETTI A. , UGAZIO A. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySecretory‐IgA (SIgA) concentrations were determined in whole saliva, unstimulated or stimulated by lemon juice, of thirty‐eight children with atopic dermatitis, which comprised three adolescents, sixteen with IgE detected by RAST to one or more common allergen and twenty‐two without specific IgE by RAST. There were thirty healthy controls matched for age and sex.The mean amount of total IgE was significantly greater in the RAST‐positive than in the RAST‐negative group. The mean SIgA concentration in unstimulated saliva of the RAST‐positive atopic dermatitis group was less than that of the RAST‐negative atopic dermatitis group and control groups, though the mean concentrations of SIgA of stimulated saliva were not significantly different in the three groups. It is suggested that the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis may differ in children with or without specific‐IgE antibodies; in those who were RAST‐positive deficient exclusion of allergen by the intestinal barrier contributed to the pathogenesis, but not in those who were RAST‐negative.
HLA‐A, B, C and HLA‐DR antigens in extrinsic allergic alveolitis (budgerigar fancier's lung disease)
Authors: MUERS M. F. , FAUX J. A. , TING A. , MORRIS P. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty‐three patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to an allergy to inhaled budgerigar serum protein (budgerigar fancier's lung disease) were typed for HLA‐A, B, C and HLA‐DR antigens. Antigen frequencies were compared with those found in 154 healthy control subjects. No statistically significant variation in the frequency of any HLA antigen was detected. Exclusion of two patients who had concurrent coeliac disease, and subdivision of the population into those with acute and chronic disease, failed to reveal any significant association with an HLA specificity. A non‐significant increase in B8‐DR3 amongst the patients with acute disease was noted. Possible reasons for the apparent HLA associations previously reported by others for extrinsic allergic alveolitis are discussed.