bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic residues in milk following bulbar subconjunctival injection of procaine penicillin G in dairy cows
Authors: Liljebjelke Karen A. , Warnick Lorin D. , Witt Michael F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether, and at what time, penicillin enters milk at a concentration that is detectable following bulbar subconjunctival injection in lactating dairy cows.Design—Randomized clinical trial.Animals—66 Holstein cows that were at least 2 weeks past calving and had not been treated with antibiotics in the preceding 30 days.Procedure—Cows were randomly assigned to receive a treatment of 1 ml (300,000 units) procaine penicillin G by bulbar subconjunctival injection or remain untreated. Composite milk samples were collected immediately before treatment and 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, and 40 hours after treatment. Milk samples were tested by use of a commercial test for β-lactam antibiotics.Results—Among penicillin-treated cows, the first positive test results were observed 4 hours after treatment, and the last positive result was observed 22 hours after treatment. The percentages of positive test results before treatment and at 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, and 40 hours after treatment were 0, 9, 87, 42, 8, 0, and 0%, respectively. None of the untreated cows had positive test results for β-lactam antibiotics at any sampling time.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Penicillin was detected in milk for up to 22 hours after a single subconjunctival injection of procaine penicillin G in cows. This result should be considered when recommending milk withholding periods following the administration of penicillin by this route in lactating dairy cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:369–371)
Effect of dam and sire qualitative hip conformation scores on progeny hip conformation
Authors: Reed Ann L. , Keller G. Greg , Vogt Dale W. , Ellersieck Mark R. , Corley E. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine in dogs what effect using hip conformation scores assigned by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) as a criterion for breeding selections would have on hip conformation scores of the progeny.Design—Longitudinal study.Animals—English Setters, Portuguese Water Dogs, Chinese Shar-peis, and Bernese Mountain Dogs for which OFA hip conformation scores were known.Procedure—Pedigree data were obtained from the national breed clubs and the American Kennel Club and merged with data from the OFA hip conformation score database. An ANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of sex, age at the time of radiographic evaluation, and year of birth on the variation in hip conformation scores among the progeny. Heritability was estimated by use of within-year midparent offspring regression analyses.Results—Significant differences in progeny hip conformation scores between sexes were not detected, but age at the time of radiographic evaluation and year of birth had a significant effect on hip joint conformation of the progeny. Estimated heritability (mean ± SE) was 0.26 ± 0.03, and dam and sire hip conformation scores had a significant effect on progeny hip conformation scores. Annual decreases in percentage of dysplastic progeny and increases in percentages of progeny and breeding dogs with phenotypically normal hip joint conformation were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that hip conformation scores have moderate heritability in dogs and selection of breeding stock with better hip conformation scores will increase the percentage of progeny with phenotypically normal hip joint conformation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000; 217:675–680)
Subjective and objective measurements of postoperative pain in cats
Authors: Cambridge Anthony J. , Tobias Karen M. , Newberry Ruth C. , Sarkar Dipak K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the ability of various subjective and objective measurements to determine the presence and degree of postoperative pain in cats.Design—Randomized controlled prospective clinical study.Animals—18 healthy client-owned cats.Procedure—Cats were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 6: control, tenectomy, and onychectomy. Jugular catheters were placed the day prior to surgery. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon, and all observations were made by the same blinded trained observer. One hour prior to surgery and at assigned intervals for 36 hours after surgery, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were measured. Scores were assigned for 3 interaction responses, including response to palpation, by use of simple descriptive scales, and to 2 pain assessments by use of visual analogue scales. Blood was collected to measure plasma β-endorphin and cortisol concentrations. Butorphanol was administered to all cats before surgery and to any cat subjectively assessed to be experiencing pain after surgery.Results—Only visual analogue scale scores and response to palpation scores differed significantly between control and surgical groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Determination of the presence of pain in cats can be made on the basis of observation and interaction by a trained observer. Physiologic measurements, including plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations, did not differentiate between control cats and cats that underwent surgery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000; 217:685–690)
Development of glaucoma after phacoemulsification for removal of cataracts in dogs: 22 cases (1987–1997)
Authors: Lannek Eva B. , Miller Paul E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine factors contributing to glaucoma after lens extraction via phacoemulsification in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—22 dogs (29 eyes) with glaucoma and 21 dogs (30 eyes) without glaucoma after phacoemulsification.Procedure—Medical record review.Results—Eyes at increased risk for glaucoma included those of Boston Terriers, those with uveal or retinal abnormalities before surgery, and those with intraoperative intraocular hemorrhage. Significant differences between groups were not detected for incidence of preoperative lens-induced uveitis, presence of an intraocular lens, or frequency of an acute postoperative increase in intraocular pressure. Glaucoma developed (mean ± SD) 12.8 ± 14.1 months (median, 10 months; range, 0.25 to 55 months) after surgery.Eighteen of 29 (62%) eyes with potential for vision after onset of glaucoma retained vision for a mean of 16.5 ± 12.8 months (median, 10.8 months; range, 1.5 to 37 months) after glaucoma was diagnosed. Most of these eyes still had vision at the conclusion of the study period.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Risk factors identified by this study will aid in preoperative counseling of clients and refining selection criteria for candidates for phacoemulsification. Careful follow-up for the remainder of the dog's life after surgery may improve long-term success rates by permitting early intervention before intraocular pressure increases substantially and vision is irreversibly lost. Surgery for cataracts may still be worthwhile in dogs with increased risk of glaucoma, especially if elderly, because of the lengthy period to onset of glaucoma after surgery and the beneficial effects of treatment after glaucoma develops. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001; 218:70–76)
The cold‐shock response in cultured mammalian cells: Harnessing the response for the improvement of recombinant protein production
Authors: Al‐Fageeh Mohamed B , Marchant Rosalyn J , Carden Martin J , Smales C Mark 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThere are a growing number of reports on the sub‐physiological temperature culturing (<37°C) of mammalian cells for increased recombinant protein yield, although the effect is variable between cell lines, expression systems, and the product of interest. What is becoming clear is that exposing mammalian cells to sub‐physiological temperatures invokes a coordinated cellular response involving modulation of the cell cycle, metabolism, transcription, translation, and the cell cytoskeleton. Opportunities currently exist for further enhancement of the cold‐shock effect on recombinant protein production in mammalian cells through advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the cold‐shock response. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fermentative hydrogen production and bacterial community structure in high‐rate anaerobic bioreactors containing silicone‐immobilized and self‐flocculated sludge
Authors: Wu Shu‐Yii , Hung Chun‐Hsiung , Lin Chi‐Neng , Chen Hsin‐Wei , Lee An‐Sheng , Chang Jo‐Shu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA novel continuously stirred anaerobic bioreactor (CSABR) seeded with silicone‐immobilized sludge was developed for high‐rate fermentative H2 production using sucrose as the limiting substrate. The CSABR system was operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.5–6 h and an influent sucrose concentration of 10–40 g COD/L. With a high feeding sucrose concentration (i.e., 30–40 g COD/L) and a short HRT (0.5 h), the CSABR reactor produced H2 more efficiently with the highest volumetric rate (${\nu}_{{\rm H}_2}$) of 15 L/h/L (i.e., 14.7 mol/d/L) and an optimal yield of ca. 3.5 mol H2/mol sucrose. The maximum ${\nu}_{{\rm H}_2}$ value obtained from this work is much higher than any other ${\nu}_{{\rm H}_2}$ values ever documented. Formation of self‐flocculated granular sludge occurred during operation at a short HRT. The granule formation is thought to play a pivotal role in the dramatic enhancement of H2 production rate, because it led to more efficient biomass retention. A high biomass concentration of up to 35.4 g VSS/L was achieved even though the reactor was operated at an extremely low HRT (i.e., 0.5 h). In addition to gaining high biomass concentrations, formation of granular sludge also triggered a transition in bacterial community structure, resulting in a nearly twofold increase in the specific H2 production rate. According to denatured‐gradient‐gel‐electrophoresis analysis, operations at a progressively decreasing HRT resulted in a decrease in bacterial population diversity. The culture with the best H2 production performance (at HRT = 0.5 h and sucrose concentration = 30 g COD/L) was eventually dominated by a presumably excellent H2‐producing bacterial species identified as Clostridium pasteurianum. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is lobular carcinoma in situ as a component of breast carcinoma a risk factor for local failure after breast‐conserving therapy?
Authors: Ben‐David Merav A. , Kleer Celina G. , Paramagul Chintana , Griffith Kent A. , Pierce Lori J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goals of the current study were to compare the clinicopathologic presentations of patients with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) as a component of breast carcinoma who were treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) and radiation therapy (RT) with those of patients without LCIS as part of their primary tumor and to report rates of local control by overall cohort and specifically in patients with positive margins for LCIS and multifocal LCIS.METHODSSixty‐four patients with Stages 0–II breast carcinoma with LCIS (LCIS‐containing tumor group, LCTG) that had received BCS+RT treatment at the University of Michigan between 1989 and 2003 were identified. These patients were matched to 121 patients without LCIS (control group) in a 1:2 ratio.RESULTSThe median follow‐up time was 3.9 years (range, 0.3–18.9 yrs). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to clinical, pathologic, or treatment‐related variables or in mammographic presentation, with the exception of a higher proportion of the LCTG patients who received adjuvant hormonal therapy (P = 0.01). The rates of local control at 5 years were 100% in the LCTG group and 99.1% in the control group (P = 0.86). The presence of LCIS at the margins and the size and presence of multifocal LCIS did not alter the rate of local control.CONCLUSIONSThe extent of LCIS and its presence at the margins did not reduce the excellent rates of local control after BCS+RT. The data suggest that LCIS in the tumor specimen, even when multifocal, should not affect selection of patients for BCS and whole‐breast RT. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A retrospective evaluation of second‐line chemotherapy response in hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma
Authors: Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Galsky Matthew D. , Rohs Nicholas C. , Weinberg Vivian K. , Oh William K. , Kelly W. Kevin , Small Eric J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpothilones and taxanes interfere with microtubule function. Ixabepilone, which is an epothilone‐B analog, has activity against taxane‐resistant cell lines and as first‐line therapy for men with hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma (HRPC). Clinical cross‐resistance of ixabepilone and taxanes in HRPC is unknown.METHODSRecords were evaluated retrospectively from patients with HRPC who were treated on a randomized Phase II trial of ixabepilone with or without estramustine and who subsequently received taxane chemotherapy. Posttherapy declines in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels and time to PSA progression were defined by consensus criteria. The median survival was evaluated by using the Kaplan–Meier method.RESULTSForty‐nine patients who received ixabepilone with estramustine (28 patients) or without estramustine (21 patients) subsequently received second‐line taxane therapy. Second‐line PSA declines ≥ 50% were achieved by 51% of patients (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 33–66%). Second‐line PSA declines ≥ 50% were achieved by 61% of patients (95% CI, 42–78%) who achieved a first‐line PSA decline ≥ 50% with ixabepilone, compared with 33% of patients (95% CI, 13–59%) who did not (P = 0.08). Patients who discontinued first‐line ixabepilone treatment for disease progression were less likely to achieve a PSA decline ≥ 50% in response to second‐line, taxane‐based therapy compared with patients who discontinued for toxicity or patient preference (36% vs. 71%; P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSSecond‐line taxane chemotherapy after ixabepilone resulted in a substantial frequency of PSA declines. Although patients with ixabepilone‐refractory disease were less likely to respond to second‐line taxane chemotherapy, 36% did achieve a PSA response. These findings were consistent with incomplete clinical cross‐resistance between the taxanes and the epothilones. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in early‐stage breast carcinoma
Authors: Kim Theodore , Giuliano Armando E. , Lyman Gary H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDLymphatic mapping with sentinel lymph node biopsy has the potential for reducing the morbidity associated with breast carcinoma staging. It has become a widely used technology despite limited data from controlled clinical trials.METHODSA systematic review of the world's literature of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma was undertaken by using electronic and hand searching techniques. Only studies that incorporated full axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), regardless of SLN results, were included. Individual study results along with weighted summary measures were estimated using the Mantel–Haenszel method. The correlations of outcomes with the study size, the proportion of positive lymph nodes, the technique used, and the study quality were evaluated.RESULTSBetween 1970 and 2003, 69 trials were reported that met eligibility criteria. Of the 8059 patients who were studied, 7765 patients (96%) had successfully mapped SLNs. The proportion of patients who had successfully mapped SLNs ranged from 41% to 100%, with > 50% of studies reporting a rate < 90%. Lymph node involvement was found in 3132 patients (42%) and ranged from 17% to 74% across studies. The false‐negative rate (FNR) ranged from 0% to 29%, averaging 7.3% overall. Eleven trials (15.9%) reported an FNR of 0.0, whereas 26 trials (37.7%) reported an FNR > 10%. Significant inverse correlations were observed between the FNR and both the number of patients studied (r = − 0.42; P < 0.01) and the proportion of patients who had successfully mapped SLNs nodes (r = − 0.32; P = 0.009).CONCLUSIONSLymphatic mapping with SLN biopsy is used widely to reduce the complications associated with ALND in patients with low‐risk breast carcinoma. This systematic review revealed a wide variation in test performance. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Weekly docetaxel in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Hitt Ricardo , Amador Maria L. , Quintela‐Fandino Miguel , Jimeno Antonio , del Val Olga , Hernando Susana , Cortes‐Funes Hernan 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to assess the antitumor activity and toxicity profile of weekly docetaxel in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.METHODSPatients with recurrent, metastatic, incurable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were enrolled. Weekly docetaxel (30 mg/m2) was administered for 4 weeks every 5 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles.RESULTSThe activity and toxicity of docetaxel were assessed in all 38 patients who were entered on the study. No Grade 3–4 toxicities were recorded. No treatment delays were required because of toxicity or dose reductions. Responses were observed in 42% of patients (95% confidence interval, 26–58%). The median duration of response was 8.39 months, the estimated median overall survival was 11.3 months, and the 1‐year survival rate was 39%.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study suggested that weekly docetaxel was an active agent for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Tumor suppressive maspin and epithelial homeostasis
Authors: Lockett Jaron , Yin Shuping , Li Xiaohua , Meng Yonghong , Sheng Shijie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMaspin is a 42‐kDa novel serine protease inhibitor (serpin) with multifaceted tumor suppressive activities. To date, the consensus that maspin expression predicts a better prognosis still largely holds for breast, prostate, colon, and oral squamous cancers. Interestingly, however, more detailed analyses revealed a biphasic expression pattern of maspin in early steps of tumorigenesity and re‐expression of maspin in dormant cancer metastastic revertants. These data suggest a sensitivity of maspin expression to changes of epithelial microenvironments, and a role of maspin in epithelial homeostasis. Experimental evidence consistently showed that maspin suppresses tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, induces tumor redifferentiation, and enhances tumor cell sensitivity to apoptosis. Maspin protein isolated from biological sources is a monomer, which is present as a secreted, a cytoplasmic, a nuclear, as well as a cell surface‐associated protein. Nuclear maspin is associated with better prognoses of cancer. It is further noted that extracellular maspin is sufficient to block tumor induced extracellular matrix degradation, tumor cell motility and invasion, whereas intracellular maspin is responsible for the increased cellular sensitivity to apoptosis. Despite these exciting developments, the mechanistic studies of maspin have proven challenging primarily due to the lack of a prototype molecular model. Although the maspin sequence has overall homologies with other members in the serpin superfamily, it does not behave like a typical serpin, that is, non‐inhibitory toward active serine proteases in solution. This novel feature is in line with the X‐ray crystallographic evidence. Several recent studies dedicated to finding the maspin partners support a paradigm shift. The current review is intended to summarize these recent findings and discuss a new perspective of maspin in epithelial homeostasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 651–660, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Migration of F9 parietal endoderm cells is regulated by the ERK pathway
Authors: Hong Tao , Grabel Laura B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCell migration is regulated by the action of many signaling pathways that are activated in specific regions of migrating cells. Extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) signaling can modulate the migration of cells by controlling the turnover of focal adhesions and the dynamics of actin polymerization. Focal adhesion turnover is necessary for cell migration, and the formation of strong actin stress fibers and mature focal adhesions puts the brakes on cell migration. We used F9 wild‐type and vinculin null (vin−/−) parietal endoderm (PE) outgrowth to study the role of the ERK signaling pathway in cell migration. Upon plating of F9 embryoid bodies (EBs) onto laminin‐coated dishes, PE cells migrate away from the EBs, providing an in vitro model for studying directed migration of this embryonic cell type. Our results suggest that the ERK pathway regulates PE cell migration by affecting the formation of focal adhesions and lamellipodia through the action of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 1339–1349, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear control of respiratory gene expression in mammalian cells
Authors: Scarpulla Richard C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe mitochondrial respiratory apparatus is the product of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. The protein coding capacity of mtDNA is restricted to the expression of 13 respiratory subunits and thus nuclear genes play a predominant role in the biosynthesis of the respiratory chain and in the expression of the mitochondrial genome. Transcriptional regulators that act on both nuclear and mitochondrial genes have been implicated in the bi‐genomic expression of the respiratory chain. Mitochondrial transcription is directed by a small number of nucleus‐encoded factors (Tfam, TFB1M, TFB2M, mTERF). The expression of these factors is coordinated with that of nuclear respiratory proteins through the action of transcriptional activators and coactivators. In particular, environmental signals induce the expression of PGC‐1 family coactivators (PGC‐1α, PGC‐1β, and PRC), which in turn target specific transcription factors (NRF‐1, NRF‐2, and ERRα) in the expression of respiratory genes. This system provides a mechanism for linking respiratory chain expression to environmental conditions and for integrating it with other functions related to cellular energetics. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 673–683, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.