bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth patterns of children under 5 years old in rural area northern of Abha, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsaleem Safar Abadi 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Measuring and monitoring physical growth is a key element in assessing children’s health. The physical and mental development of a growing child are indicators of good health and nutrition. This study aimed to explore the patterns of growth parameters among children under 5 years old attending primary health care centres (PHCCs) in rural northern Abha. Feeding habits during the first 2 years of life were also assessed.

Method
This study was conducted on 1–5 April 2022 in all (PHCCs) in Billasamr and Ballahmar, two neighbourhoods of northern Abha. The investigator designed a form for collecting each child’s age (months), weight (kilograms), gender, birth order, number of family members, type of feeding (exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive bottle feeding, or mixed feeding), and duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

Results
Gender affected the body weight of Saudi infants, as boys weighed significantly more than age-matched girls. Birth order also affected body weight. During the first and third years of life, Saudi children’s body weight was not significantly affected by feeding type. During the second and fifth years of life, formula-fed children weighed more than breastfed or combination-fed children. However, during the fourth year of life, body weight was highest in combination-fed children.

Conclusion
Growth patterns over time, established from multiple data points, must be used in conjunction with other medical and family history to evaluate appropriate growth. Recording and tracking body size, especially recumbent length and weight, as part of well-baby care is critical for any assessment of child wellbeing and health status.
Approaches to induce the maturation process of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-endothelial cells to generate a robust model
Authors: de Boer Suzan , Laan Sebastiaan , Dirven Richard , Eikenboom Jeroen 
Published: February 2024

Background
Endothelial cells generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-ECs) show the majority of endothelial cell characteristics and markers, such as cobblestone morphology and the expression of VEGF and VE-cadherin. However, these cells are failing to show a mature endothelial cell phenotype, which is represented by the low expression and production of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) leading to the round morphology of the Weibel Palade Bodies (WPBs). The aim of this study was to improve the maturation process of hiPSC-ECs and to increase the levels of VWF.

Methods
hiPSC-ECs were differentiated by a standard differentiation protocol from hiPSCs generated from healthy control donors. To induce maturation, the main focus was to increase the expression and/or production of VWF by the adjustment of potential parameters influencing differentiation and maturation. We also compared alternative differentiation protocols. Cells were analyzed for the expression of endothelial cell markers, WPB structure, and the production and secretion of VWF by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and ELISA.

Results
The generated hiPSC-ECs have typical endothelial cell surface expression profiles, with low expression levels of non-endothelial markers as expected. Co-culture with pericytes, varying concentrations and timing of differentiation factors, applying some level of flow, and the addition of HDAC inhibitors did not substantially improve maturation of hiPSC-ECs. Transfection with the transcription factor ETV2 to induce a faster hiPSC-EC differentiation process resulted in a limited increase in VWF production, secretion, and elongation of WPB structure. Alternative differentiation protocols had limited effect.

Conclusion
hiPSCs-ECs have the potential to show a more mature endothelial phenotype with elongated WPBs after >30 days in culture. However, this comes with limitations as there are very few cells detected, and cells are deteriorating after being in culture for extended periods of time.
National outcomes of expedited discharge following esophagectomy for malignancy
Authors: Ebrahimian Shayan , Chervu Nikhil , Hadaya Joseph , Cho Nam Yong , Kronen Elsa , Sakowitz Sara , Verma Arjun , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Sanaiha Yas , Benharash Peyman 
Published: February 2024

Background
Expedited discharge following esophagectomy is controversial due to concerns for higher readmissions and financial burden. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of expedited discharge with hospitalization costs and unplanned readmissions following esophagectomy for malignant lesions.

Methods
Adults undergoing elective esophagectomy for cancer were identified in the 2014–2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Patients discharged by postoperative day 7 were considered Expedited and others as Routine. Patients who did not survive to discharge or had major perioperative complications were excluded. Multivariable regression models were constructed to assess association of expedited discharge with index hospitalization costs as well as 30- and 90-day non-elective readmissions.

Results
Of 9,886 patients who met study criteria, 34.6% comprised the Expedited cohort. After adjustment, female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.71, p = 0.001) and increasing Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (AOR 0.88/point, p<0.001) were associated with lower odds of expedited discharge, while laparoscopic (AOR 1.63, p<0.001, Ref: open) and robotic (AOR 1.67, p = 0.003, Ref: open) approach were linked to greater likelihood. Patients at centers in the highest-tertile of minimally invasive esophagectomy volume had increased odds of expedited discharge (AOR 1.52, p = 0.025, Ref: lowest-tertile). On multivariable analysis, expedited discharge was independently associated with an $8,300 reduction in hospitalization costs. Notably, expedited discharge was associated with similar odds of 30-day (AOR 1.10, p = 0.40) and 90-day (AOR 0.90, p = 0.70) unplanned readmissions.

Conclusion
Expedited discharge after esophagectomy was associated with decreased costs and unaltered readmissions. Prospective studies are necessary to robustly evaluate whether expedited discharge is appropriate for select patients undergoing esophagectomy.
Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in unvaccinated children hospitalized with COVID-19: An observational cohort study of pre-Omicron and Omicron variants era
Authors: Uppala Rattapon , Sitthikarnkha Phanthila , Faksri Kiatichai , Kosalaraksa Pope , Techasatian Leelawadee , Tantawarak Nattakarn , Nanthavongsa Sysavanh 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in children hospitalized due to COVID-19 during the era of pre-Omicron and Omicron variants.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary academic medical center in Thailand between June 2021 and August 2022. We collected the data of children aged under 18-year who were hospitalized from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. After hospital discharge, we scheduled clinical follow-up 60 to 90 days post-infection clinical follow-up. We measured antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain in the serum during a follow-up visit and compared the mean difference of antibody levels between children infected with COVID-19 during the pre-Omicron and Omicron eras.ResultsA total of 119 children enrolled into the study. There were 58 and 61 children hospitalized due to COVID-19 during pre-Omicron and Omicron era, respectively. The median (interquartile range, IQR) of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in all cases was 206.1 (87.9–424.1) U/mL at follow-up. Children infected during pre-Omicron had SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels at follow-up higher than children infected during Omicron era [mean difference 292.57 U/mL, 95% CI 53.85–531.28,p= 0.017). There was no difference in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels between the children based on gender, age, co-morbidities, chest radiograph classification, or diagnosis.ConclusionsThe antibodies response to SARS-CoV-2 infection was weaker during the Omicron era than previous variant of concern. Immunization strategies and policies should be implemented in children even if they had been previously infected.
Laboratory-based evaluation of the 4th-generation AlereTM HIV Combo rapid point-of-care test
Authors: Manjate Alice , Nilsson Charlotta , Axelsson Maria , Lindroth Sarah , Sirbu Desiree , Sacarlal Jahit , Andersson Sören , Unemo Magnus 
Published: February 2024

Background
Mozambique is a high-prevalence country for HIV and early detection of new HIV infections is crucial for control of the epidemic. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the 4th-generation rapid diagnostic test (RDT) AlereTM HIV Combo in detecting acute and seroconverted HIV-infection, among sexually-active women attending three clinical health centers in Maputo, Mozambique.

Methods
Women aged 14–55 years (n = 920) seeking care at the Mavalane Health Area, Maputo (February 2018-January 2019) were included, and blood specimens sampled. Sociodemographic and sexual behavior data were collected. Point-of-care HIV testing was performed using Alere DetermineTM HIV-1/2 and Uni-GoldTM HIV-1/2. All samples were also tested using Enzygnost® HIV Integral 4 and Innotest® HIV Antigen mAb in laboratory. The 4th-generation RDT AlereTM HIV Combo was evaluated on serum samples in the laboratory. Finally, Innotest® HIV Antigen mAb, Enzygnost® HIV Integral 4 (Ag/Ab), and HIV RNA quantification acted as gold standard assays in the evaluation of AlereTM HIV Combo test for HIV antigen detection (in clinical samples and in three HIV-1 seroconversion panels).

Results
The antibody component of the 4th generation AlereTM HIV Combo RDT demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100% examining clinical samples. However, the test did not detect HIV p24 antigen in any clinical samples, while Innotest® HIV Antigen mAb, verified by Enzygnost® HIV Integral 4 (Ag/Ab) and/or HIV RNA quantification, detected HIV antigen in six clinical samples. Furthermore, the AlereTM HIV Combo RDT had a low sensitivity in the detection of HIV p24 antigen in seroconversion panels. The HIV prevalence among the examined women was 17.8%.

Conclusions
The 4th-generation RDT AlereTM HIV Combo showed similar sensitivity to the 3rd-generation RDTs to detect seroconverted HIV-infections. However, the sensitivity for detection of HIV p24 antigen and diagnosing acute HIV infections, before seroconversion, was low. There is an urgent need to develop and evaluate simple and affordable POC tests with high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing individuals with acute HIV infection in resource-limited settings with high HIV prevalence.
Retrospective study of the morphology of third maxillary molars among the population of Lower Silesia based on analysis of cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Olczyk Anna , Malicka Barbara , Skośkiewicz-Malinowska Katarzyna 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Understanding the anatomy of root canal systems and being aware of their variations is crucial for successful endodontic treatment. Specifically, the intricate and diverse nature of the root anatomy in maxillary third molars poses a significant challenge for dental clinicians. The study analyzed the morphology of the root canal system in maxillary third molars among residents of the Lower Silesia region in Poland using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material and methods
This retrospective cross-sectional imaging study was conducted at the X-Ray Diagnostics Laboratory of the Academic Dental Polyclinic of Wroclaw Medical University, Poland. The study evaluated 316 CBCT scans and included 196 maxillary third molars. They were obtained from 118 females and 78 males over the age of 18, in the period from January to April 2022 (three consecutive months). The number of roots, root canals, and root canal configurations according to Vertucci’s classification were analyzed.

Results
Three-rooted maxillary molars were found most often (64.29%), followed by single-rooted (24.49%), two-rooted (7.65%), and four-rooted (3.57%) teeth. Among all the roots examined, Vertucci Type I root canals were the most prevalent. Our research found that single-rooted forms (40 teeth, 33.89% vs. 8 teeth, 10.26%, p = 0.0013) of maxillary third molars were significantly more common in females than in males. However, three-rooted forms (62 teeth, 79.49% vs. 64 teeth, 54.24%, p = 0.0013) of maxillary third molars were significantly more common in males than in females.

Discussion
In the Lower Silesia region, the typical maxillary third molar in the Polish population has a three-rooted structure with Vertucci Type I root canal configuration. We noted a sex-dependent correlation in maxillary third molar morphology, with single-rooted forms more prevalent in women and three-rooted forms in men.
Halofuginone for non-hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 a multicenter, randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. The HALOS trial
Authors: Tomazini Bruno Martins , Tramujas Lucas , Medrado Fernando Azevedo , Gomes Samara Pinheiro do Carmo , Negrelli Karina Leal , Murinize Gabriela Souza , Santos Renato Hideo Nakagawa , Vianna Bruna Martins Pereira , Piotto Bruna Fornazieri , Veiga Thabata Silva , Santos Bianca Rodrigues do , Peneluppi Horak Ana Clara , Lemos Olivia Mora Cavalcante , Lopes Marcela de Almeida , Olicheski Beatriz Baptista , Campones Diego Lurentt , Peixoto Luiz Angelo Alencar , Basilio Aline dos Anjos Chaves , Gebara Otavio Celso Eluf , Lopes Ana Tarina Alvarez , Saconato Humberto , Valeis Nanci , Miranda Tamiris Abait , Laranjeira Ligia Nasi , Santucci Eliana Vieira , Carlin Aaron Foster , Esko Jeffrey David , Gordts Phillip Leo Stephan Marie , Tsimikas Sotirios , Cavalcanti Alexandre Biasi 
Published: February 2024

Background
Halofuginone (PJS-539) is an oral prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor that has a potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. The safety and efficacy of halofuginone in Covid-19 patients has not been studied.

Methods
We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose ranging, safety and tolerability trial of halofuginone in symptomatic (≤ 7 days), mostly vaccinated, non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19. Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive halofuginone 0.5mg, 1mg or placebo orally once daily for 10 days. The primary outcome was the decay rate of the SARS-CoV-2 viral load logarithmic curve within 10 days after randomization.

Results
From September 25, 2021, to February 3, 2022, 153 patients were randomized. The mean decay rate in SARS-CoV-2 viral load log10 within 10 days was -3.75 (95% CI, -4.11; -3.19) in the placebo group, -3.83 (95% CI, -4.40; -2.27) in the halofuginone 0.5mg group and -4.13 (95% CI, -4.69; -3.57) in the halofuginone 1mg group, with no statistically significant difference in between placebo vs. halofuginone 0.5mg (mean difference -0.08; 95% CI -0.82 to 0.66, p = 0.96) and between placebo vs. halofuginone 1mg (mean difference -0.38; 95% CI, -1.11; 0.36, p = 0.41). There was no difference on bleeding episodes or serious adverse events at 28 days.

Conclusions
Among non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19 halofuginone treatment was safe and well tolerated but did not decrease SARS-CoV-2 viral load decay rate within 10 days.
Inclusivity and diversity in ‘Actual Play’: Studying The Adventure Zone
Authors: Stanton Ryan , Johnson Mark R. 
Published: February 2024

‘Actual Play’ is a growing form of play spectatorship which involves the recording and broadcast of tabletop gaming sessions. It has spawned bestselling comics, live shows and television adaptations. Unlike ‘Let’s Play’ videos on YouTube or game livestreaming on platforms like Twitch, there has been little in the way of critical analysis of this new media form. This article therefore aims to understand its audience(s) through qualitative and quantitative content analysis of survey responses from the fan communities of one of the most popular Actual Play shows, The Adventure Zone. We focus on the relationship between Actual Play’s attempts at creating more accessible and inclusive media that welcome all types of people and the more exclusionary, highly gendered aspects of the broader gaming community. These enquiries also serve as a case study for Actual Play as a less-examined area of both play spectatorship and gaming content creation, and points towards potential future study in these areas.
This article analyses Actual Play podcast The Adventure Zone to highlight the under-explored dynamics of fan audiences in this area of gaming content creation. Topics covered include audience reception of the creators, engagement with issues of diversity and Actual Play as a tabletop roleplaying game gateway.
On Minimalism: Documenting a Musical Movement, Kerry O’brien and William Robin (2023)
Authors: Loydell Rupert 
Published: February 2024

Review of: On Minimalism: Documenting A Musical Movement, Kerry O’brien and William Robin (2023)
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 449 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-52038-208-4, p/bk, £30

The Names of Minimalism: Authorship, Art Music, and Historiography in Dispute, Patrick Nickleson (2023)
Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 253 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-47203-309-8, p/bk, $29.95
Experimental investigation of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded BFRP composites
Authors: Al-Asadi Ali K. , Alrebeh Salih K. , Hadi Waleed Kh. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The goal of this article is to examine the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) rays that strengthen superficially the basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) fabrics. We found out that one ray without BFRP and seven rays enveloped within numerous lay-up arrangements. The importance of the study is to improve the flexural capacity of rays, using fiber-reinforced polymer procedure and examine the over-reinforcement technique.

Methods
Interestingly, we have examined under two-point loading, one BFRP fabric sheet flexure.

Results
Loads corresponding to the first crack/delamination and ultimate failure of the beams have been verified. Moreover, we have recognized the types of failure and load contrasted with deflection graphs that have been strategized at outstanding ray locations.

Novelty
Our investigation has unraveled the increased flexural strength of the strengthened RC rays after using coating. Additionally, we have applied pressure to the BFRP fabrics on both sides of the beams. Moreover, we have improved performance with flexural strength, ductility, and failure. Our results are novel and show that the flexural capacity of the wrapped RC rays increases by 46.6%. The ductility increased by 84%, and unfortunately, we had failed the FRB and the concrete had crushed.
The preparation of permanent antistatic additive based on poly(ether-b-amide) copolymers and its modification effect on polyamide 6
Authors: Yuan Lihui , Zhu Ping , Wang Yu , Dong Xia , Wang Dujin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Conventional polymers have typically been used in the packaging of various electronic devices; however, due to the inherent electrically insulating properties these materials fail to dissipate static charges. To address this issue, novel poly(ether-b-amide) (PEBA) segmented copolymers consisting of uniform rigid oxalamide and flexible polyethylene glycol (PEG) were synthesized via melt polycondensation. The influence of PEG molecular weight and the spacer length separating two oxalamide units on the condensed structure, mechanical performance, and antistatic properties was systematically investigated. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated strongly hydrogen bonded and highly ordered oxalamide hard segments with the degree of ordering between 71 and 85 % even at low levels. Mechanical behavior results showed that segmented copolymers have an obvious yield point, an elastic modulus between 20 and 30 MPa, and strain at break exceeding 2000 %. Meanwhile, such copolymers possessed low surface resistivity, as low as 107 Ω, which is significantly less than that of commercial antistatic additives. The antistatic effect of PEBA on polyamide 6 (PA6) was also investigated, revealing that when the content reached 30 wt%, the surface resistivity of the alloys decreased from 1013 Ω to 1011 Ω and remained stable after 40 days, even after water washing treatment. Overall, these findings illustrate that the newly synthesized PEBA copolymers demonstrate outstanding long-term antistatic properties and provide valuable insights for the development of polyether-based multiblock copolymer antistatic agents.
Numerical analysis of thermophoretic particle deposition on 3D Casson nanofluid: Artificial neural networks-based Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm
Authors: Khan Amna , Aljuaydi Fahad , Khan Zeeshan , Islam Saeed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this research is to provide a new computer-assisted approach for predicting thermophoresis particle decomposition on three-dimensional Casson nanofluid flow that passed over a stretched surface (thermophoresis particle decomposition on three-dimensional Casson nanofluid flow; TPD-CNF). In order to understand the flow behavior of nanofluid flow model, an optimized Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm with backpropagation neural network (LMLA-BPNN) has been designed. The mathematical model of TPD-CNF framed with appropriate assumptions and turned into ordinary differential equations via suitable similarity transformations are used. The bvp4c approach is used to collect the data for the LMLA-BPNN, which is used for parameters related with the TPD-CNF model controlling the velocity, temperature, and nanofluid concentration profiles. The proposed algorithm LMLA-BPNN is used to evaluate the obtained TDP-CNF model performance in various instances, and a correlation of the findings with a reference dataset is performed to check the validity and efficacy of the proposed algorithm for the analysis of nanofluids flow composed of sodium alginate nanoparticles dispersed in base fluid water. Statistical tools such as Mean square error, State transition dynamics, regression analysis, and error dynamic histogram investigations all successfully validate the suggested LMLA-BPNN for solving the TPD-CNF model. LMLA-BPNN networks have been used to numerically study the impact of different parameters of interest, such as Casson parameter, power-law index, thermophoretic parameter, and Schmidt number on flow profiles (axial and transverse), and energy and nanofluid concentration profiles. The range, i.e., 10−4–10−5 of absolute error of the reference and target data demonstrates the optimal accuracy performance of LMLA-BPNN networks.
Analyzing fuzzy fractional Degasperis–Procesi and Camassa–Holm equations with the Atangana–Baleanu operator
Authors: Alshehry Azzh Saad , Yasmin Humaira , Shah Manzoor Ali , Shah Rasool 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article presents a new approach for solving the fuzzy fractional Degasperis–Procesi (FFDP) and Camassa–Holm equations using the iterative transform method (ITM). The fractional Degasperis–Procesi (DP) and Camassa–Holm equations are extended from the classical DP and Camassa–Holm equations by incorporating fuzzy sets and fractional derivatives. The ITM is a powerful technique widely used for solving nonlinear differential equations. This approach transforms the fuzzy fractional differential equations into a series of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved iteratively using a recursive algorithm. Numerical simulations demonstrate the proposed approach’s accuracy and effectiveness. The results show that the ITM provides an efficient and accurate method for solving the FFDP and Camassa–Holm equations. The proposed method can be extended to solve other fuzzy fractional differential equations.