bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La « concordance des temps » revisitée ou de la « concordance » à la « convergence »
Authors: Rosier Laurence , Wilmet Marc 
Published: November 2007

Laurence Rosier et Marc Wilmet : The revisited "sequence of tenses"
The starting point of this article is to revisit the "sequence of tenses" in a more general problematics, wondering about the relationship between tenses and co(n)text. Indeed, the sequence of tenses offers a particular cotext of use which was studied mainly, in French and English, under the restricted angle of the introducers verbs and /or the temporal articulation, whether mechanical or semantic, between verbs of the sentence and the under-sentence. In the light of a monosemist approach of verbal tenses, we advance two simple rules:
(i) The verbal form with the past is the sufficient condition of "imparfait" in the under- sentence but is not a necessary condition (cf the "imparfait" in the under-sentence with a nonlast verbal form).
(ii) The co(n)textuals elements are necessary conditions but never sufficient of a present (because the secant aspect of "imparfait" entitles it to play the same role).
Le traitement de qui, qui(s), quod dans la tradition grammaticale latine : quelques jalons pour l'étude du relatif, de Donat à Port-Royal
Authors: Colombat Bernard 
Published: November 2007

Bernard Colombat, « The treatment of Qui, qui(s), quod in the Latin grammatical tradition: some stages in the study of relative, from Donatus to Port-Royal ».
The aim of this article is to study stages in the description of what we today call the 'relative pronoun' in the Latin tradition over a very long period (from Antiquity to the 17th century). For ancient grammarians, the first difficulty was to show the specificity of the relative among others qu- forms (interrogative, indefinite), a specificity that is represented only imperfectly in the morphology. But they also had to decide whether qui is a 'pronoun' (as it for Donatus) or a 'noun' (as it is for Priscian). Priscian already analyses quite clearly the syntactic function of qui as relative. But it took a very long time to recognize its double function, anaphoric and subordinating. Unexpectedly for us, the relative had to lose its anaphoric function, being only an anaphoric indicator followed by the repetition of the antecedent (for Linacre and Sanctius); by Port-Royal, the relative 'pronoun' fully recovered the anaphoric function, but the propositional analysis also made it possible to insert a proposition incidente into another proposition. As for quod, its analysis as being only a relative and the difficulty in recategorizing it prevented grammarians from recognizing it as a conjunction.
Qui et Que dans le Dictionnaire françois-latin de Robert Estienne
Authors: Furno Martine 
Published: November 2007

Martine Furno, « Qui and Que in Robert Estienne's Dictionnaire françois- latin ».
This paper intends to show the difficulties (and the ways of resolving them) that Robert Estienne, a lexicographer in the 16th century, encountered in writing his dictionary. Estienne, in the Dictionnaire François-latin published in 1549, uses examples found in his earlier Latin and Latin-French dictionaries to describe and translate the French relatives qui and que as well as the conjunction que. This method, based on Latin texts, leads to some tensions and distortions in the meanings and translations from French to Latin. But these errors can be explained by the intellectual context in which the dictionary was written: the influence of the vernacular language on the practice and comprehension of Latin and the lack of theoretical instruments to describe the vernacular. The Dictionnaire François-latin remains an effective dictionary for writing in Latin; and we must never forget what the qui and que articles show: that this dictionary is the last opus in the Latin tradition, rather than the first work in the French tradition.
Qui, Que, Quoy dans Le Thresor de la langue françoyse tant ancienne que moderne de Jean Nicot et L'Acheminement de Jean Masset
Authors: Bellon Roger 
Published: November 2007

Roger Bellon, « Qui, Que, Quoy in Jean Nicot's Thresor de la langue françoyse tant ancienne que moderne and Jean Masseťs Acheminement ».
This study bears on both Le Thresor de la langue française by Nicot and the bilingual grammatical booklet inserted in it and attributed to Jean Masset. Every modern reader will be struck by the persistence of the Latin model, as exemplified in the work of R. Estienne, in Nicot's dictionary, as well as by the variation in the amount of categorization. With Masset, it is the complete heterogeneity of grammatical terms as well as the absence of categorization that stands out. Masset's pedagogical method forces him to start from forms, of which he gives a complete array, before he indicates the correct use for each of them. His analysis rests on case morphology, not on syntactic functions. variation in the amount of categorization. With Masset, it is the complete heterogeneity of grammatical terms as well as the absence of categorization that stands out. Masset's pedagogical method forces him to start from forms, of which he gives a complete array, before he indicates the correct use for each of them. His analysis rests on case morphology, not on syntactic functions.
L'analyse des formes Qui, que, lequel, etc. et la récusation du « pronom relatif » dans l'œuvre de Nicolas Beauzée
Authors: Piot Mireille 
Published: November 2007

Mireille Piot, « The analysis of the forms Qui, que, lequel... and the rejection of the category of 'relative pronoun' in Nicolas Beauzée's works. »
We present here Beauzée's theory of qu- (Wh-) words as it appears both in his major work (the Grammaire Générale) and in his contributions to the Encyclopédie and to the Encyclopédie Méthodique. Beauzée rejects the definition and classification of these particular words as relative pronouns put forward by his predecessors. He claims that by examining their use in French, Latin and other languages, these words are 'demonstrative conjunctive articles', and take their place as a sub-class of conjunctive words in syntax. In his theory of universal grammar and in his method of reconstructing the underlying structure of elliptical utterances, Beauzée builds on Sanctius (with his theory of ellipsis) and foreshadows transformational (Z.S. Harris) and generative grammar.
Pragmatique et temps
Authors: Wilson Deirdre , Sperber Dan 
Published: November 2007

This paper is a radical criticism of formal semantic approaches to the sequencing problem in temporal reference assignment. The authors show that the main problem for the calculation of temporal reference is not the sequencing one, but the interval and causality problems, and that a pragmatic criterion (the criterion
of consistency with the Principle of Relevance) explains the assignment of temporal reference.
Sémantique actancielle et cas morphologiques en hindi et en badaga
Authors: Montaut Annie , Pilot-Raichoor Christiane 
Published: November 2007

A. Montaut & Ch. Pilot-Paichoor, Sémantique actancielle et cas morphologiques en hindi et en badaga
In Indian languages, illustrated by Hindi-Urdu and Badaga (a Dravidian language) the correlation between semantic case and morphological coding is not straightforward. Other parameters (animacy, control, evidentiality...) —which may have areal typological relevance— also governs the choice between alternant syntactic patterns.
Le tissu de la mémoire : quelques perspectives de travail historique dans les sciences du langage
Authors: Courtine Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Jacques Courtine : The Fabric of Memory : Historical Perspectives in Language Sciences
This article introduces the different contributions to this issue and tries to open new perspectives on language and memory to historical work in language sciences. It offers a brief survey of the main historical trends in French linguistics in the last 20 years, discourse analysis and history of linguistics. It weight the results of these traditions in the light of recent historical work on the question of memory. It highlights the scientific as well as political and cultural aspects of an interdisciplinary work on language and memory.
F. Brunot (1860-1937) : la fabrication d'une mémoire de la langue
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Claude Chevalier : F. Brunot (1860-1938) : the Fabrication of a Memory of the French Language
This article studies how the French linguist F. Brunot — author of the huge and famed History of the French language — was educated and how his career developed. It shows the way his conception of the history of the French language as memory was strongly determined not only by the French academic tradition, but also above all by the future Brunot envisioned for French society.
La mémoire et l'événement : le 14 juillet 1789
Authors: Maldidier Denise , Guilhaumou Jacques 
Published: November 2007

Denise Maldidier and Jacques Guilhaumou : Memory and Event : July 14 1989
This article explores an essential side of the French collective memory : the commemoration of July 14 1789 held during the ceremonies of the Bicentenial of the French Revolution. Through the analysis of different French newspapers from opposite political sides, they study the constitution of collective memory as discourse. They also question the status of the concept of discourse as history and linguistics envision
it.
Autour des discours de transmission des connaissances
Authors: Beacco Jean-Claude , Moirand Sophie 
Published: November 2007

J.-C. Beacco, S. Moirand
This article examines and develops some key concepts of a theoretical frame for discourse analysis today : the cognitive dimensions of research on ordinary discourses, some descriptive categories for their linguistic analysis (such as evaluation, designation and didactic orientation) and the structure of discourse
communities, which can be used to shape a discourse topology.
Formation discursive, dialogisme et sociologie
Authors: Achard Pierre 
Published: November 2007

S. Bonnafous, M. Tournier
As politics and language are places of confrontation and temporary peaces, theory and methods of discourse analysis seem the best ways to evaluate strategies and ideologies. Such is the object of research undertaken in the Saint-Cloud laboratory of Lexicometry and Political Texts, sometimes with informatic and statistical techniques.
Le relativisme dans la stylistique américaine contemporaine
Authors: Thomas Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Jacques Thomas : Relativism in contemporary american stylistics
Little by little American stylistics came apart from an universal prospect inherited from European stylistics. Leaded by relativist propositions by Stanley Fish and Barbara Herrnstein-Smith, the main debate now is that of how to make sense : as there is no objective meaning, the interpretative instance is the particular community from which, by which and for which discourse has been produced. This thesis, claiming omnipotence for the reader is vehemently contested by textual stylisticians.
Pour une analyse du discours philosophique
Authors: Cossutta Frédéric 
Published: November 2007

Frédéric Cossutta : « Pour une analyse du discours philosophique »
Strangely enough, philosophy -as opposed to other disciplines- has never been studied by discourse analysts. We may account for that if we consider that -as a self-instituting discourse- philosophy sets down its own functioning conditions and that relations between philosophy and language sciences are intricated and often ambiguous. This paper tries however to present the foundations on which an
Analysis of philosophical discourse as such can be built, firstly in marking clear the epistemological conditions that would make it valid. In the second place, a close examination of the relationship between linguistic operations and discourse building activities (for instance with respect to textual analphors) makes it possible to replace this approach in a theoretical viewpoint that neglects neither the linguistic status of
speech activities nor their connections with their institutional context. Lastly, a study of internal references in the text (examples here are taken from Spinoza's Ethics) brings to light-beneath the obvious density of the text -many reading possibilities which combine didactic necessities, expression and demonstration requirements into a doctrinal systematization.
Manière de penser, manière d'écrire : la procédure phorique dans le texte hégélien
Authors: Ehlich Konrad 
Published: November 2007

Konrád Еhlich : « Manière de penser, manière d'écrire : la phorique dans le texte hégélien »
Hegel is reputated to be an obscure philosopher. This paper tries to analyse -from a pragmatic point of view- the linguistic structures that are characteristic of this way of writting and thinking. A detailed study of phorical expressions may explain why reading Hegel's texts proves so difficult and how closely this is linked with to his very philosophy. The usual referential interpretation of third person pronouns is in fact
to be changed into a conception which lays the emphasis on their anaphorical value.
Thoses pronouns are amed at maintaining steady focalisations which orientate the reader's concentration. The hegelian text is indeed characterized by a real hyper-focalisation that is required by the buid-up of the philosophical material but that also proves an obstacle to an easy reading. To make up for that, one has to become immerged into the hegelian language and to become aware of his oral status, in the very way one does to learn a foreign language.
Le rôle des verbes supports dans un système de conjugaison nominale et l'existence d'une voix nominale en français
Authors: Daladier Anne 
Published: November 2007

Anne Daladier : The role of support verbs in a system of nominal conjugation and the existence of a nominal voice in French
This paper compares different analysis given for support verb constructions. It presents data showing the inadequacy of previous formal representations, especially concerning the interpretation of nominalisations under higher verbs. It gives arguments in favor of intensionnal representations of the lexico-syntactic dependency relationships involved. A nominal voice is hypothesized together with anaphora properties of various prepositional operators on their argumental structures.
La complémentation des auxiliaires français
Authors: Abeillé Anne , Godard Danièle 
Published: November 2007

Anne Abeille, Daniele Godard : The complementation of French auxiliairies
We show the set of French auxiliaries to be syntactically heterogeneous. We present new arguments in favor of a flat structure for French compound tenses, with the tense auxiliary as the head of a flat VP, inheriting the arguments and the semantics of its complement participle to which it adds it own agreement and aspectual contribution. We contrast the properties of tense auxiliaries with those of the passive auxiliary, for which we show a hierarchical structure (with a VP complement) to be motivated. Moreover, the so-called passive auxiliary should be identified with the copula. Although most of our arguments are neutral with respect to formalisms, we formulate our analysis in the framework of HPSG, whose mechanism of feature inheritance is well adapted to our findings. In addition, we offer new solutions for auxiliary selection, clitic placement, participle agreement and word order constraints.
Une approche lexicalisée des phénomènes de contrôle
Authors: Baschung Karine 
Published: November 2007

Karine Baschung : A lexicalist approach of control phenomena
We deal with the problem of identifying the obligatory controller of an infinitival complement. We show that a lexical approach is descriptively more adequate than the purely syntactic one of generative grammarians (Minimal Distance Principle) or a purely semantic one (as in GPSG). We offer a formalization in Unification Categorial grammar (UCG) that captures the lexical generalizations we have found to hold in
French. We also consider alternative approaches within lexical semantics (Dowty) or HPSG (Pollard and Sag).
Changez le contexte !
Authors: Groenendijk Jeroen , Stokhof Martin , Veltman Frank 
Published: November 2007

J. Groejnendijk, M. Stokhof, F. Veltman, Université d'Amsterdam : « Changez le contexte ! »
The paper advocates a move from the traditional logical-philosophical concept of meaning as a pictorial relation between language and the world, towards a dynamic view which ties the notion of meaning directly to the process of interpretation of discourse. Dynamics is shown at work in an analysis of certain anaphoric relations in terms of contextually restricted quantification. It is argued that accounting for these anaphoric relations calls for an analysis at the level of semantic content rather than by linkink formal elements in a representational framework.
L'interface pragmatique-sémantique et l'interprétation du discours
Authors: Asher Nicholas 
Published: November 2007

N. Asher, Université du Texas, Austin : « L'interface pragmatique-sémantique et l'interprétation du discours »
The present paper extends dynamic semantics to take account of discourse structure and its semantic effects on discourse interpretation. It offers an introductory overview to the theory known as Segmented Discourse Representation Theory or SDRT, which has been applied to several domains : pronominal and temporal anaphora, lexical disambiguation, and spatial inferences in text.
Anaphores parallèles et techniques de résolution
Authors: Gardent Claire 
Published: November 2007

C. Gardent, Université de Sarrebruck : « Anaphores parallèles et techniques de résolution »
This paper argues that Higher-Order Unification (HOU) is preferable to overwriting techniques for dealing with parallel anaphors i.e. non-nominal anaphors whose resolution is constrained by parallelism. Computationally, we show that overwriting techniques have undesirable properties which make their use incompatible with unification-based grammars. Linguistically, we show that HOU permits a high level of linguistic adequacy in that it achieves a reasonably wide empirical covering (e.g. VP ellipsis, focus, Second Occurrence Expressions) while minimising both under- and over- generation. The HOU approach we propose is systematically compared with comparable existing theories.
Ce que Lacan retient de Damourette et Pichon : l'exemple de la négation
Authors: Arrivé Michel 
Published: November 2007

Michel Arrive, : « Damourette, Pichon et Lacan : effets d'une rencontre »
The aim of this paper is the description of the connections between the linguistic theory of the negation in Damourette and Pichon's Essai de grammaire de la Langue francaise and the analysis of the subject in Jacques Lacan's Ecrits and Seminaire. For Damourette and Pichon, there is no really negation in french, but the combination of the discordance (the word ne) and the forclusion (pas, point, jamais, etc.). For Lacan, the discordance and the forclusion are operations of the subject of unconsciousness.
La catégorisation des prédications : traits sémantiques et perspectives socio-cognitives
Authors: Bromberg M. , Kekenbosch Christiane , Friemel Edouard 
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this article is to test the psychological reality of some linguistics descriptors used for the classification of predications (Action, Act, Activity, event, process, state).
We have analysed the psychological processes implicated in the attribution task of semantic components . Data from experiment provided an evidence that these linguistic descriptors have a corresponding at the cognitive level, and that the semantic of verbs and cognitive working introduce some fluctuations into the attribution of semantic components.
Peut-on décrire un créole sans référence à sa genèse ? Pronoms et adjectifs dans les créoles français
Authors: Chaudenson Robert 
Published: November 2007

Robert Chaudenson : Can a creole language be described without any reference to genesis ? Pronouns and adjectives in French-based creoles
Structural differences between languages do not exclude genetic links. However, this paper assumes that creolization results neither from the direct influence of substrate or superstrate languages but rather from the conjonction of various processes : self-regulation of the dominant language system, i.e. French in this case, and its impact on the emergent creole languages, and language acquisition principles. It is possible to retrace the interplay of these factors in the emergence of various creole sub-systems, for instance in the development of zf/z-words. Turning to adjectives inFrench Creoles, and after having examined various issues, the paper concludes in favour of the existence of this grammatical category in French-based creoles, although creole adjectives differ from their French counterparts as predicates.
Remarques sur la dimension générique et sur la dimension dénominative des proverbes
Authors: Perrin Laurent 
Published: November 2007

Laurent Perrin (Universite de Geneve) : Some Remarks on the Generic and Denominative Status of Proverbs
Based on Kleiber's (1989) hypothesis, according to which proverbs are denominations referring to generic situations, this article supports the idea that proverbs have in fact a double dimension, in that they are both generic and idiomatic, that is, denominative sentences; proverbs simultaneously affirm general truths and, through their idiomatic or sententious form, denominate a generic situation that is relative to a multitude of identical preliminary affirmations. Such a conception of proverbs leads us to the question of the
lexicalization of rhetorical acts, especially metaphors.
Proverbe, proverbialisation et déproverbialisation
Authors: Schapira Charlotte 
Published: November 2007

Charloffe Schapira (Universite de Haifa) : Proverb, Proverbialization and De-proverbialization
The purpose of this article is to determine the characteristics required for a sentence to become a proverb, including the linguistic process through which this is achieved, and the conditions that secures the survival of the formula through the ages. The "deproverbialization" of the proverb - that is the occurrences in discourse in which the formula happens to loose its paremiologic status - is also considered and discussed.
Dénotation et argumentation dans le discours
Authors: Heronides M. Moura 
Published: November 2007

This paper, developed within the frame of dynamic semantics combined with the precisification principle, proposes a new distinction between polysemy and vagueness. According to this distinction, a polysemous word is underspecified in relation to a set of lexicalized precisifications, whereas a vague word is underspecified in relation to a set of precisifications which are not lexicalized. It is also proposed that, notwithstanding the independence of denotative and argumentative levels, neither of these levels can be bypassed in the semantic representation.
Key words: Dynamic semantics, Precisification, Underspecified, Denotative level.