bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in surgical treatment and survival of epithelial ovarian cancer in United States
Authors: Chan John K. , Zhang Mallory , Hu Jessica M. , Shin Jacob Y. , Osann Kathryn , Kapp Daniel S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the racial differences in treatment and survival of epithelial ovarian cancer patients.MethodsData were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program between 1988 and 2001 and analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsOf the 24,038 women, 22,407 (93.2%) were non‐Hispanic White, and 1,631 (6.8%) were African‐American. Median age of Whites versus African‐Americans was 65 versus 63 years, respectively (P < 0.001). Of the patients with early‐stage (I–II) disease, 38.8% of Whites underwent lymphadenectomy with their primary surgery compared to only 32.8% of African‐Americans (P = 0.005). In the overall study group, the 5‐year disease‐specific survival of Whites was significantly higher compared to the African‐Americans (44.1% vs. 40.7%, P = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, age, race, stage, cell type, and grade of disease were all independent prognostic factors for survival.ConclusionOur data suggest that race is an independent prognostic factor for survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. In addition, African‐Americans with early‐stage cancer were less likely to undergo lymphadenectomy with their staging procedure. Furthermore, patient/physician education is needed to increase the number of patients undergoing surgical staging procedures for epithelial ovarian cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:103–107. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand
Authors: Sangpikul Aswin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study applies the conceptual framework of push and pull motivations to investigate travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand. Using factor analysis, three push and four pull factor dimensions are identified. The three push factors are labelled ‘novelty and knowledge‐seeking’, ‘rest and relaxation’ and ‘ego‐enhancement’, while the four pull factors are ‘cultural and historical attractions’, ‘travel arrangements and facilities’, ‘shopping and leisure activities’ and ‘safety and cleanliness’. Among them, ‘novelty and knowledge‐seeking’ and ‘cultural and historical attractions’ are regarded as the most important push and pull factors respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that psychological well‐being (i.e. positive affect) and education are the two factors influencing travel motivations of Japanese senior travellers to Thailand. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role stress, burnout and their effects on frontline hotel employees' job performance: evidence from Northern Cyprus
Authors: Karatepe Osman M. , Uludag Orhan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBased on data obtained from frontline hotel employees in Northern Cyprus, this study investigated the effects of role stress and burnout on job performance. It was found that role ambiguity decreased job performance while role conflict enhanced job performance. The results indicated that diminished personal accomplishment exerted a significant negative influence on job performance whereas the rest of the burnout dimensions did not. The results further showed that both role conflict and ambiguity exacerbated emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. Role ambiguity was found to have a significant positive relationship with diminished personal accomplishment whereas role conflict was not. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Industrie für Strahlquellen und optische Komponenten
Authors: Giesekus Joachim 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMit einem Wert von 8,0 Milliarden Euro konnten die deutschen Hersteller von Strahlquellen und optischen Komponenten ihren Gesamtumsatz im vergangenen Jahr um 21 Prozent steigern. Der positiven Gesamtentwicklung entsprechend lag auch die Beschäftigtenzahl in den rund 350 Betrieben mit etwa 45.000 Mitarbeitern um 3 Prozent über dem Wert des Jahres 2005.
Laserdioden: mehr Brillanz ist der Schlüssel
Authors: Naumer Christian , Manz Yvonne 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMit zunehmender Leistungsfähigkeit und Brillanz der Hochleistungslaserdioden lassen sich Applikationen adressieren die bisher CO2‐ und Festkörperlasern vorbehalten waren. Um dies zu befördern fokussiert Bookham seine Entwicklungsanstrengungen nicht nur auf die Erhöhung der Ausgangsleistung sondern speziell auf die Steigerung der Brillanz unter Beibehaltung strenger Zuverlässigkeitsanforderungen.
Direct Diode Lasers Conquer New Markets
Authors: Haake John , Venkat Sri 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHigher power is being followed by increased brightness as diodes penetrate wider metal‐processing applications currently using other lasers and even non‐laser technology. Dramatic increases in the power and brightness of high power direct diode lasers (HPDDLs) now enable them to perform a number of metal processing tasks. This article examines new techniques for further increasing HPDDL brightness and reviews the key applications they currently service.
Quantum Well Intermixing Revolutionizes High Power Laser Diodes
Authors: Marsh John H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractQuantum well intermixing (QWI), an innovative monolithic integration platform, is changing the way diode lasers solve evolving optoelectronic needs – from high density, individually addressable laser arrays to high power laser products. QWI‐enabled lasers deliver superior performance in terms of power, brightness, reliability, and yield, and are driving a revolution across market sectors including digital printing, defense, industrial, and medical imaging.
Zuverlässigkeit mit Faserkopplung
Authors: Neukum Jörg 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLaserdioden unterliegen heute härtesten (Qualitäts‐)Anforderungen. Egal ob es um die konsistente Produktion von Standard‐Hochleistungs‐Laserdioden für Stab‐ und Scheibenlaser geht, oder um ein 264 Kilo‐Watt‐Pumpmodul mit 2200 Laserdiodenbarren für Fusionslaser. Egal ob die Hochleistungs‐Laserdioden für 24/7‐Anwendungen in Produktionsanlagen integriert sind oder unter härtesten Schock‐ und Vibrationsbedingungen in der Militär‐und Luftfahrtindustrie. In jedem Fall ist die Qualität der Komponenten und ihrer Integration von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Schweißnahtprüfung in 3D
Authors: Maurer Markus 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDie Automatisierung des Schweißens in der industriellen Produktion ist heute Stand der Technik. Die Ergebnisse prüfen Mitarbeiter jedoch oft noch mit dem Auge. Moderne Bildverarbeitung ermöglicht es inzwischen, Nähte vollautomatisch zu prüfen. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt, wie sich mit Hilfe eines integrierten Prüfsystems Qualitätskontrollen automatisieren lassen. Damit werden qualitative Aussagen zur Güte der Naht möglich und Schweißprozesse lassen sich gezielt optimieren.
Laserenergieanalyse bei 40 kHz – in Echtzeit
Authors: Wright Steve , Neumann Bernhard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDie Überwachung eines Lasers kann man mit einem Tachometer im Automobil vergleichen. Während einer Fahrt müssen wir überwachen, ob wir zu schnell oder zu langsam fahren. Durch eine Rückkoppelung mittels unseres zentralen Datenprozessors (Gehirn) sind wir in der Lage den Aktuator (Gaspedal) in seinem Zustand entsprechend anzupassen. Ebenso, müssen wir während eines Bearbeitungsprozesses, etwa beim Bohren von Microvias zum Beispiel, den Bearbeitungslaser ständig überwachen.
Conductive Polymer Electrolytes Derived from Poly(norbornene)s with Pendant Ionic Imidazolium Moieties
Authors: Vygodskii Yakov S. , Shaplov Alexander S. , Lozinskaya Elena I. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Golovanov Denis G. , Malyshkina Inna A. , Gavrilova Nadejda D. , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPoly(norbornene)s with pendant imidazolium moieties and three different counter anions, i.e. poly[exo,endo‐5‐norbornene‐2‐yl‐carboxyethyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl‐sulfonyl)imide], poly(exo,endo‐5‐norbornene‐2‐yl‐carboxyethyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), and poly(exo,endo‐5‐norbornene‐2‐yl‐carboxyethyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) were prepared via ROMP using ionic liquids as the reaction medium. The ionic polymers possessed $\overline M _{\rm w}$ in the range 8.1–44 × 103 and ionic conductivity up to 1.13 × 10−5 and 1.44 × 10−4 S · cm−1 at 20 and 50 °C, respectively. The solubility of the new polymeric ionic liquids, their thermal stability and their glass transition temperatures were investigated in detail. Ionic conductivities were found to depend on the nature of the counter‐anion and on the polymers' glass transition temperature rather than its molecular weight.magnified image
Preparation of Nanostructured Polyaniline and its Super‐Amphiphilic Behavior
Authors: Zhang Haibin , Wang Jixiao , Zhou Zhibin , Wang Zhi , Zhang Fengbao , Wang Shichang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPANI nanofibers are prepared electrochemically by template‐free method on a stainless steel electrode. Both the hydrophilicity and the lipophilicity of the modified SS surface are enhanced by the nanostructured PANI, and a super‐amphiphilic surface is obtained in this way. The influence of polymerization conditions, such as polymerization potentials, polymerization time, the acidity, and the dopants on the super‐amphiphilic property, has been systematically investigated. In addition, the mechanisms of obtaining a super‐amphiphilic surface are briefly discussed.magnified image
A New Route for the Modification of Halogen End Groups to Amino End‐Functionalized Poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)s
Authors: Monge Sophie , Giani Olivia , Ruiz Elodie , Cavalier Manon , Robin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of primary amine end‐functional poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)s has been achieved by using the Gabriel reaction. Polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate was first achieved by atom transfer radical polymerization using ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate or paramethoxyphenyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate as initiator. Both resulting polymers, with a bromide‐end atom, were converted into phthalimido intermediates which then were successfully hydrolyzed using potassium hydroxide in tert‐butyl alcohol to result in poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)s terminated by a primary amine function. End group interconversions were followed by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, and MALDI‐TOF MS measurements. All the results proved that quantitative transformations were achieved at each step. Moreover, the method developed is very easy to carry out.magnified image
High‐Performance Exfoliated Poly(propylene)/Clay Nanocomposites by In Situ Polymerization with a Novel Z–N/Clay Compound Catalyst
Authors: Du Kai , He Aihua H. , Liu Xin , Han Charles C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHighly exfoliated poly(propylene) (PP)/clay nanocomposites with obvious improvements in both the tensile strength and toughness have been prepared by a novel TiCl4/MgCl2/imidazolium‐modified montmorillonite (IOHMMT) compound catalysts. Through this approach, in situ propylene polymerization can actually take place between the silicate layers and lead not only to PP with a high isotacticity and molecular weight, but also to a highly exfoliated structure even at high clay content levels (as high as 19 wt.‐%).magnified image
A systematic review of prevalence studies of depression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Reijnders Jennifer S.A.M. , Ehrt Uwe , Weber Wim E.J. , Aarsland Dag , Leentjens Albert F.G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPrevalence rates of depressive disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) vary widely across studies, ranging from 2.7% to more than 90%. The aim of this systematic review was to calculate average prevalences of depressive disorders taking into account the different settings and different diagnostic approaches of studies. Using Medline on Pubmed, a systematic literature search was carried out for studies of depression in Parkinson's disease. A total of 104 articles were included and assessed for quality; 51 articles fulfilled the quality criteria. Multiple publications from the same database were not included in the meta‐analysis. In the remaining 36 articles, the weighted prevalence of major depressive disorder was 17% of PD patients, that of minor depression 22% and dysthymia 13%. Clinically significant depressive symptoms, irrespective of the presence of a DSM defined depressive disorder, were present in 35%. In studies using a (semi) structured interview to establish DSM criteria, the reported prevalence of major depressive disorder was 19%, while in studies using DSM criteria without a structured interview, the reported prevalence of major depressive disorder was 7%. Population studies report lower prevalence rates for both major depressive disorder and the clinically significant depressive symptoms than studies in other settings. This systematic review suggests that the average prevalence of major depressive disorder in PD is substantial, but lower than generally assumed. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Recent advances in plant hepatoprotectives: A chemical and biological profile of some important leads
Authors: Negi Arvind S. , Kumar J.K. , Luqman Suaib , Shanker Karuna , Gupta M.M. , Khanuja S.P.S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMedicinal plants have been traditionally used for treating liver diseases since centuries. Several leads from plant sources have been found as potential hepatoprotective agents with diverse chemical structures. Although, a big list of hepatoprotective phytomolecules was reported in the scientific literature, only a few were potent against various types of liver damages. Of which, silymarin, andrographolide, neoandrographolide, curcumin, picroside, kutkoside, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, and glycyrrhizin have largely attracted the scientific community. This review focuses discussion on the chemistry, biological activity, mode of action, toxicity, and future prospects of these leads. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 5, 746–772, 2008
Apoptosis‐inducing activity of hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones and polymethoxyflavones from orange peel in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Sergeev Igor N. , Ho Chi‐Tang , Li Shiming , Colby Julie , Dushenkov Slavik 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSweet orange (Citrus sinensisL.) peel is a rich resource of flavonoids, especially polymethoxyflavones (PMFs). Citrus flavonoids exert a broad spectrum of biological activity, including antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in cancer cells. We have recently shown that individual PMFs from orange peel induce Ca2+‐mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and that hydroxylation of PMFs is critical for enhancing their proapoptotic activaty. Here, we report that the fraction of orange peel extract containing a mixture of non‐hydroxylated PMFs (75.1%) and hydroxylated PMFs (5.44%) and the fraction containing only hydroxylated PMFs (97.2%) induce apoptosis in those cells as well. Treatment of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells with these fractions inhibited growth and induced apoptosis associated with an increase in the basal level of intracellular Ca2+. Effective concentrations of the hydroxylated PMFs fraction in inhibiting growth, inducing apoptosis, and increasing intracellular Ca2+were lower than those of the non‐hydroxylated PMFs fraction. Our results strongly imply that bioactive PMFs from orange peel exert proapoptotic activity in human breast cancer cells, which depends on their ability to induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+and thus, activate Ca2+‐dependent apoptotic proteases.
The anti‐invasive effect of lucidenic acids isolated from a new Ganoderma lucidum strain
Authors: Weng Chia‐Jui , Chau Chi‐Fai , Chen Kuang‐Dee , Chen Deng‐Hai , Yen Gow‐Chin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGanoderma lucidum is a well‐known mushroom with various pharmacological effects that has been used for health and longevity purposes. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti‐invasive effect of lucidenic acids isolated from a new G. lucidum strain (YK‐02) against human hepatoma carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Triterpenoid components in the ethanol extract of G. lucidum (YK‐02) were separated by means of a semi‐preparative RP HPLC. Four major peaks were separated and crystallized from triterpenoids fraction, and were identified as lucidenic acids A, B, C, and N according to their spectroscopic values of 1H NMR and MS. Treatment of the lucidenic acids (50 μM) in the presence of 200 nM phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) after 24 h of incubation all resulted in significant inhibitory effects on PMA‐induced MMP‐9 activity and invasion of HepG2 cells. The results indicate that the lucidenic acids isolated from G. lucidum (YK‐02) are anti‐invasive bioactive components on hepatoma cells.
Protective effect of dietary tomatine against dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP)‐induced liver and stomach tumors in rainbow trout
Authors: Friedman Mendel , McQuistan Tammie , Hendricks Jerry D. , Pereira Cliff , Bailey George S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe potential anti‐carcinogenic effects of tomatine, a mixture of commercial tomato glycoalkaloids α‐tomatine and dehydrotomatine (10:1), were examined in the rainbow trout chemoprevention model. Prior to the chemoprevention study, a preliminary toxicity study revealed that tomatine in the diet fed daily at doses from 100 to 2000 parts per million (ppm) for 4 weeks was not toxic to trout. For the tumor study, replicate groups of 105 trout were fed diets containing dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) alone (224 ppm), (N = 3), DBP plus tomatine at 2000 ppm (N = 2), tomatine alone (N = 2), or control diet (N = 2) for 4 weeks. The fish were then returned to control diet for 8 months and necropsied for histopathology. Dietary tomatine was found to reduce DBP‐initiated liver tumor incidence from 37.0 to 19.0% and stomach tumor incidence from 46.4 to 29.4%. Tomatine also reduced stomach tumor multiplicity. The tomatine‐containing diets did not induce mortality, change in fish weights, or liver weights. No adverse pathological effects in the tissues of the fish on the tomatine diets were observed. Dose‐response and chemopreventive mechanisms for tomatine protection remain to be examined. This is the first report on the anticarcinogenic effects of tomatine in vivo.
Thermal degradation of anthocyanins and its impact on color andin vitroantioxidant capacity
Authors: Sadilova Eva , Carle Reinhold , Stintzing Florian C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to thoroughly investigate the structural changes of anthocyanins at pH 3.5 in purified fractions from black carrot, elderberry and strawberry heated over 6 h at 95°C. Degradation products were monitored by HPLC‐DAD‐MS3to elucidate the prevailing degradation pathways. In addition, alterations of color and antioxidant properties observed upon heating were scrutinized. Most interestingly, the degradation pathways at pH 3.5 were found to differ from those at pH 1. Among others, chalcone glycosides were detected at 320 nm in heat‐treated elderberry and strawberry pigment isolates, and opening of the pyrylium ring initiated anthocyanin degradation. In the case of acylated anthocyanins, acyl‐glycoside moieties were split off from the flavylium backbone, first. Finally, for all pigment isolates, phenolic acids and phloroglucinaldehyde were the terminal degradation products as remainders of the B‐ and A‐ring, respectively. Maximum and minimum antioxidant stabilizing capacities were found in black carrot and strawberry, respectively, which was explained by the high degree of acylation in the former. After heating, decline of trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was observed in all samples, which was attributed to both anthocyanins and their colorless degradation products following thermal exposure. As deduced from the ratio of TEAC value and anthocyanin content, the loss of anthocyanin bioactivity could not be compensated by the antioxidant capacity of newly formed colorless phenolics upon heating.
Sociocultural studies of families of children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Skinner Debra , Weisner Thomas S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article reviews recent sociocultural studies of families of children with intellectual disabilities to introduce the range of research conducted from this perspective and to highlight the methodological, conceptual, and theoretical contributions of this approach to the study of mental retardation. Sociocultural studies examine families within their cultural, historical, and sociopolitical contexts. This type of research is comparative across different cultural groups, but is not limited to such comparisons. Sociocultural studies use varied theories and methods, but they share a focus on families' coproduction of meanings and practices related to intellectual disability; families' responses and adaptations to disability; and how their understandings and experiences are shaped within larger social institutions and inequities. Sociocultural approaches take into account community contexts that matter to families with members with mental retardation or developmental delay, and they examine the broader systems that define and position individuals with disabilities and their families. As a whole, these studies provide a more experiential and holistic view of families' beliefs and adaptations within sociopolitical worlds, and offer new tools by which to study the families of children with developmental delays within and across different cultural groups. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:302–312.
Siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders across the life course
Authors: Orsmond Gael I. , Seltzer Marsha Mailick 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this article, we review the literature on siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from a lifespan developmental perspective, from infancy through adulthood, focusing on the sibling relationship and sibling well‐being. We situate this review within the larger body of research on siblings of individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) across the lifespan. We then consider the genetic aspects of ASDs and their implications for siblings. We conclude that there is an evidence of atypical social and communication development in some siblings of children with an ASD during infancy. During childhood and adolescence, siblings describe both positive and negative aspects of their sibling relationship and there is some evidence that siblings of children with an ASD may be at heightened risk for social and behavioral adjustment problems. The limited research on adulthood suggests that lack of closeness in the sibling relationship and social and emotional difficulties may continue. We encourage more attention focused on developmental issues, specifically with respect to samples in narrower age groups and in longitudinal research. Finally, we note the variability in sibling outcomes, and suggest further examination of potential moderating and mediating factors, including genetic predispositions. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:313–320.