bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular toxicity during adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy for early breast cancer
Authors: Gianni Lorenzo , Panzini Ilaria , Li Sigui , Gelber Richard D. , Collins John , Holmberg Stig B. , Crivellari Diana , Castiglione‐Gertsch Monica , Goldhirsch Aron , Coates Alan S. , Ravaioli Alberto 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDOthers have reported ocular toxicity after adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy, but this study looked at ocular toxicity in similarly treated patients from large randomized clinical trials.METHODSInformation was retrieved on incidence and timing of ocular toxicity from the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) database of 4948 eligible patients randomized to receive tamoxifen or toremifene alone or in combination with chemotherapy (either concurrently or sequentially). Case reports of patients with ocular toxicity were evaluated to determine whether ocular toxicity occurred during chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy. Additional information was obtained from participating institutions for patients in whom ocular toxicity occurred after chemotherapy but during administration of tamoxifen or toremifene.RESULTSOcular toxicity was reported in 538 of 4948 (10.9%) patients during adjuvant treatment, mainly during chemotherapy. Forty‐five of 4948 (0.9%) patients had ocular toxicity during hormone therapy alone, but only 30 (0.6%) patients had ocular toxicity reported either without receiving any chemotherapy or beyond 3 months after completing chemotherapy and, thus, possibly related to tamoxifen or toremifene. In 3 cases, retinal alterations, without typical aspects of tamoxifen toxicity, were reported; 4 patients had cataract (2 bilateral), 12 impaired visual acuity, 10 ocular irritation, 1 optical neuritis, and the rest had other symptoms.CONCLUSIONOcular toxicity during adjuvant therapy is a common side effect mainly represented by irritative symptoms due to chemotherapy. By contrast, ocular toxicity during hormonal therapy is rare and does not appear to justify a regular program of ocular examination. However, patients should be informed of this rare side effect so that they may seek prompt ophthalmic evaluation for ocular complaints. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Telomerase‐specific T‐cells kill pancreatic tumor cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Schmidt Jan , Ryschich Eduard , Sievers Elisabeth , Schmidt‐Wolf Ingo G. H. , Büchler Markus W. , Märten Angela 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdoptive cell transfer is described as an innovative and challenging option for the treatment of malignant melanoma. In the current study, the generation and expansion of telomerase‐specific T‐cells for adoptive cell transfer and their use in a syngeneic pancreatic carcinoma mouse model was investigated.METHODSTelomerase‐specific T‐cells were generated either in vitro by coculture of human lymphocytes with telomerase‐peptide‐pulsed dendritic cells or in vivo by injection of peptide plus adjuvant into C57BL/6 mice. Spleens were harvested after immunization and lymphocytes were expanded in the presence of feeder cells. T‐cells were tested in vitro against human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched, telomerase‐positive pancreatic carcinoma cells. Tumor‐bearing (subcutaneous) mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide were injected intravenously with the expanded cells.RESULTSIt was possible to generate and expand telomerase‐specific T‐cells with cytotoxic activity. The protocol did not work as well in the murine setting. However, adoptive cell transfer with murine antigen‐specific T‐cells delayed disease progression in tumor‐bearing mice significantly.CONCLUSIONSGeneration of antigen‐specific T‐cells is feasible; the expansion of these cells could be accomplished without loss of function. Antigen‐specific T‐cells demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity in a syngeneic, subcutaneous mouse model. However, further optimization of the expansion protocol is warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type
Authors: Isobe Koichi , Uno Takashi , Tamaru Jun‐ichi , Kawakami Hiroyuki , Ueno Naoyuki , Wakita Hisashi , Okada Jun‐ichi , Itami Jun , Ito Hisao 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between local recurrence and radiotherapeutic parameters, including dose and RT radiotherapy (RT) field.METHODSThe current study included 35 patients who were diagnosed with immunohistochemically confirmed nasal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma between 1976 and 2004. There were 21 males and 14 females, and they ranged in age from 18 years to 76 years (median, 51 yrs). The primary tumor originated in the nasal cavity in 28 patients, and 32 patients had Stage I disease. Seventeen patients received treatment solely with RT, and the remaining 18 patients received a combination of chemotherapy and RT. The median tumor dose was 50 grays (Gy) (range, 22–60 Gy). Twenty‐seven patients received RT to include all macroscopic lesions, all paranasal sinuses, the palate, and the nasopharynx. Eight patients received RT to all macroscopic lesions with generous margins.RESULTSA complete remission (CR) or a CR/unconfirmed was achieved in 28 patients (80%). The 5‐year overall survival (OAS) rate, disease‐free survival (DFS) rate, and local control probability (LCP) were 47.3%, 42.9%, and 65.2%, respectively. Patients who received RT only to macroscopic lesions fared less well in terms of LCP (LCP 5 years, 71.9% vs. 41.7%;P= 0.007). The difference in RT field also affected both the OAS rate and the DFS rate. Patients who received RT doses ≥ 50 Gy tended to achieve favorable local control.CONCLUSIONSIn the management of nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, the RT field affected treatment outcomes. RT doses ≥ 50 Gy resulted in favorable local control. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Maximal COX‐2 immunostaining and clinical response to celecoxib and interferon alpha therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rini Brian I. , Weinberg Vivian , Dunlap Sarah , Elchinoff Alexandra , Yu Nancy , Bok Robert , Simko Jeffery , Small Eric J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) plays a major role in the development of cancer through numerous mechanisms. COX‐2 is expressed in the majority of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors and correlates with stage, grade, and microvessel density. Based on potential additive or synergistic antitumor effects, interferon‐alpha (IFNα) and celecoxib, an oral COX‐2 inhibitor, were given to metastatic RCC patients in a Phase II trial.METHODSPatients with untreated, metastatic RCC received IFNα 3 million units (MU) daily and celecoxib 400 mg orally (p.o.) twice daily continuously until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Pretreatment, paraffin‐embedded RCC tumor samples were immunohistochemically stained for COX‐2 expression and plasma basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were assayed to determine predictive or prognostic potential.RESULTSThere were three partial responses among 25 patients treated (objective response rate, 12%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3–31%). The observed median time to disease progression (TTP) for the entire cohort was 3.3 months. A significant association between maximal COX‐2 staining and clinical response was observed: all patients who experienced an objective response demonstrated 3+ COX‐2 tumor immunostaining (trend test: P = 0.03). Therapy was well tolerated without cardiac or other notable toxicity.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of celecoxib to IFNα did not increase the objective response rate or TTP of this unselected cohort. Maximal COX‐2 tumor immunostaining may identify RCC patents more likely to achieve clinical benefit with COX‐2 inhibition in combination with IFNα. Further investigation of this combination in 3+ COX‐2‐overexpressing RCC tumors is warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Investigations Using Quantum‐Dot Fluorophores
Authors: Clapp Aaron R. , Medintz Igor L. , Mattoussi Hedi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which involves the nonradiative transfer of excitation energy from an excited donor fluorophore to a proximal ground‐state acceptor fluorophore, is a well‐characterized photophysical tool. It is very sensitive to nanometer‐scale changes in donor–acceptor separation distance and their relative dipole orientations. It has found a wide range of applications in analytical chemistry, protein conformation studies, and biological assays. Luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) are inorganic fluorophores with unique optical and spectroscopic properties that could enhance FRET as an analytical tool, due to broad excitation spectra and tunable narrow and symmetric photoemission. Recently, there have been several FRET investigations using luminescent QDs that focused on addressing basic fundamental questions, as well as developing targeted applications with potential use in biology, including sensor design and protein conformation studies. Herein, we provide a critical review of those developments. We discuss some of the basic aspects of FRET applied to QDs as both donors and acceptors, and highlight some of the advantages offered (and limitations encountered) by QDs as energy donors and acceptors compared to conventional dyes. We also review the recent developments made in using QD bioreceptor conjugates to design FRET‐based assays.
Piloting the zebrafish genome browser
Authors: DiBiase Anthony , Harte Rachel A. , Zhou Yi , Zon Leonard , Kent W. James 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis correspondence is a primer for the zebrafish research community on zebrafish tracks available in the UCSC Genome Browser at http://genome.ucsc.edu based on Sanger's Zv4 assembly. A primary capability of this facility is comparative informatics between humans (as well as many other model organisms) and zebrafish. The zebrafish genome sequencing project has played important roles in mutant mapping and cloning, and comparative genomic research projects. This easy‐to‐use genome browser aims to display and download useful genome sequence information for zebrafish mutant mapping and cloning projects. Its user‐friendly interface expedites annotation of the zebrafish genome sequence. Developmental Dynamics 235:747–753, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Start me up: Cell signaling and the journey from oocyte to embryo in C. elegans
Authors: Yamamoto Ikuko , Kosinski Mary E. , Greenstein David 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIntercellular communication plays a pivotal role in regulating and coordinating oocyte meiosis and fertilization, key triggers for embryonic development. The nematode Caenorhabaditis elegans has emerged as an important experimental paradigm for exploring these fundamental reproductive processes and their regulation. The oocytes of most animal species arrest during meiotic prophase and complete meiosis in response to intercellular signaling in the process of meiotic maturation. Oocyte meiotic maturation is defined by the transition between diakinesis and metaphase of meiosis I and is accompanied by nuclear envelope breakdown and meiotic spindle assembly. As such, the meiotic maturation process is essential for completing meiosis and a prerequisite for successful fertilization. In C. elegans, the processes of meiotic maturation, ovulation, and fertilization are temporally coupled: sperm utilize the major sperm protein as a hormone to trigger oocyte meiotic maturation, and, in turn, the maturing oocyte signals its own ovulation, leading to fertilization. The powerful genetic screens possible in C. elegans have led to the identification of several sperm cell surface proteins that are required for the interaction and fusion of gametes at fertilization. The study of these proteins provides fundamental insights into fertilization mechanisms, their role in speciation, and their potential conservation across phyla. Signaling processes sparked by fertilization are required for meiotic chromosome segregation and initiating the embryonic program. Here we review recent advances in understanding how signaling mechanisms contribute to the oocyte‐to‐embryo transition in C. elegans. Developmental Dynamics 235:571–585, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro culture of embryos of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata
Authors: Martyn Ulrike , Weigel Detlef , Dreyer Christine 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe rich variation in adult color patterns of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) has attracted the attention of geneticists and ecologists for almost a century. Studies on their embryogenesis, however, have been limited by the fact that guppies are live bearers. We have observed normal development after explantation of guppy embryos from the ovary of pregnant females at various times after last parturition, and found that development of each batch of eggs is slightly asynchronous, most likely due to asynchronous fertilization. We have cultured explanted embryos in vitro and continuously observed their development. Although embryos explanted a few days after fertilization survived up to 4 weeks in culture, they did not complete their development. In contrast, embryos explanted at late stages of gestation could hatch and develop to fertile adults. Our embryo culture techniques overcome some of the limitations of using livebearers as study objects, and they allow continuous observation of and accessibility to live embryos at all stages. Developmental Dynamics 235:617–622, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioinorganic Chemistry of Group 12 Complexes Supported by Tetradentate Tripodal Ligands Having Internal Hydrogen‐Bond Donors
Authors: Berreau Lisa M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInspired by the proposed role of secondary hydrogen‐bonding interactions in modulating the chemistry of mononuclear zinc centers in metalloenzymes, zinc complexes supported by tetradentate tripodal ligands having one or more internal hydrogen‐bond donors have been prepared, characterized, and investigated for biologically relevant reactivity. Complexes of this class have been examined in terms of water activation and CO2 reactivity, alcohol/alkoxide coordination, and amide methanolysis and phosphate ester hydrolysis reactivity. The results of these studies indicate that the presence of internal hydrogen‐bond donors will lower the pKa of a zinc‐bound water molecule, stabilize zinc alkoxide species with respect to hydrolysis, and enhance the phosphate ester cleavage reactivity of mononuclear zinc complexes. In addition, use of tripodal ligands having a single internal hydrogen‐bond donor has enabled the isolation of a novel cadmium hydroxide complex and examination of its CO2 chemistry, as well as the identification of a novel amide cleavage reaction which proceeds by initial formation of a deprotonated amide intermediate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Multivariate statistical tools applied to the characterization of the proteomic profiles of two human lymphoma cell lines by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis
Authors: Marengo Emilio , Robotti Elisa , Bobba Marco , Liparota Maria Cristina , Rustichelli Chiara , Zamò Alberto , Chilosi Marco , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines have been difficult to generate, since only few have been described so far and even fewer have been thoroughly characterized. Among them, there is only one cell line, called GRANTA‐519, which is well established and universally adopted for most lymphoma studies. We succeeded in establishing a new MCL cell line, called MAVER‐1, from a leukemic MCL, and performed a thorough phenotypical, cytogenetical and molecular characterization of the cell line. In the present report, the phenotypic expression of GRANTA‐519 and MAVER‐1 cell lines has been compared and evaluated by a proteomic approach, exploiting 2‐D map analysis. By univariate statistical analysis (Student's t‐test, as commonly used in most commercial software packages), most of the protein spots were found to be identical between the two cell lines. Thirty spots were found to be unique for the GRANTA‐519, whereas another 11 polypeptides appeared to be expressed only by the MAVER‐1 cell line. A number of these spots could be identified by MS. These data were confirmed and expanded by multivariate statistical tools (principal component analysis and soft‐independent model of class analogy) that allowed identification of a larger number of differently expressed spots. Multivariate statistical tools have the advantage of reducing the risk of false positives and of identifying spots that are significantly altered in terms of correlated expression rather than absolute expression values. It is thus suggested that, in future work in differential proteomic profiling, both univariate and multivariate statistical tools should be adopted.
Relative sea‐level changes since 15 000 cal. yr BP in the Nanortalik area, southern Greenland
Authors: Sparrenbom C. J. , Bennike O. , Björck S. , Lambeck K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe present new results for relative sea‐level change for southern Greenland for the interval from 9000 cal. yr BP to the present. Together with earlier work from the same region this yields a nearly complete record from the time of deglaciation to the present. Isolation and/or transgression sequences in one lake and five tidal basins have been identified using lithostratigraphic analyses, sedimentary characteristics, magnetic susceptibility, saturated induced remanent magnetisation (SIRM), organic and carbonate content, and macrofossil analyses. AMS radiocarbon dating of macrofossils and bulk sediment samples provides the timescale. Relative sea level fell rapidly and reached present‐day level at ∼9300 cal. yr BP and continued falling until at least 9000 cal. yr BP. Between 8000 and 6000 cal. yr BP sea level reached its lowest level of around ∼10 m below highest astronomical tide. At around 5000 cal. yr BP, sea level had reached above 7.8 m below highest astronomical tide and slowly continued to rise, not reaching present‐day sea level until today. The isostatic rebound caused rapid isolation of the basins that are seen as distinct isolation contacts in the sediments. In contrast, the late Holocene transgressions are less well defined and occurred over longer time intervals. The late Holocene sea‐level rise may be a consequence of isostatic reloading by advancing glaciers and/or an effect of the delayed response to isostatic rebound of the Laurentide ice sheet. One consequence of this transgression is that settlements of Palaeo‐Eskimo cultures may be missing in southern Greenland. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tephra‐linked peat humification records from Irish ombrotrophic bogs question nature of solar forcing at 850 cal. yr BC
Authors: Plunkett G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper investigates evidence for palaeoclimatic changes during the period ca. 1500–500 cal. yr BC through peat humification studies on seven Irish ombrotrophic bogs. The sites are well‐correlated by the identification of three mid‐first millennium BC tephras, which enable the humification records at specific points in time to be directly compared. Phases of temporarily increased wetness are suggested at ca. 1300–1250 cal. yr BC, ca. 1150–1050 cal. yr BC, ca. 940 cal. yr BC and ca. 740 cal. yr BC. The last of these is confirmed to be synchronous at five sites, suggesting external forcing on a regional scale. The timing of this wet‐shift is constrained by two closely dated tephras and is demonstrated to be distinct from the widely reported changes to cooler/wetter conditions associated with a solar minimum at 850–760 cal. yr BC, at which time the Irish sites appear instead to experience drier conditions. The results suggest the possibility of either non‐uniform responses to solar forcing in northwest Europe at this time, or the existence of unrelated climate events in the early first millennium BC. The findings caution against the correlation of loosely dated palaeoclimate data if the effects of forcing mechanisms are to be understood. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical kinetic simulations behind reflected shock waves
Authors: Tang Weiyong , Brezinsky Kenneth 
Published: December 2005

AbstractChemical kinetic simulations that more accurately consider reaction conditions behind reflected shock waves in a high pressure shock tube have been conducted by accounting for (1) time‐dependent temperature and pressure variations in contrast to assuming constant temperature and pressure, (2) the inclusion of reactions during quenching by cooling in contrast to the assumption of zero kinetic contributions, and (3) real gas behaviors in contrast to assuming ideal gas conditions. The primary objective of the current work is to assess the degree of uncertainty associated with assuming constant temperature and pressure and that no reactions occur during the finite time of quenching and prefect gas behavior. The assessment of the subsequent effect of the uncertainty on chemical kinetic modeling is evaluated by conducting extensive comparative studies. In order to achieve this purpose, available CHEMKIN II and CHEMKIN Real Gas codes were utilized and modified to adopt the proposed approaches. From our computational experiments, it is found: (1) For shock tube experiment with less than a 15% endwall pressure increase, the conventional assumptions lead to reasonable accuracy in predicting stable species; (2) during reaction quenching, the consumption of radical species occurs efficiently and is nearly complete once the pressure drops to 50% of its highest value, but concentrations of stable species are insignificantly perturbed by reactions occurring during quenching; and (3) at elevated pressures, the real gas effects, which are a combination of nonideal P–V–T (state variables), thermodynamic, and kinetic behaviors, affect kinetics by speeding the reaction progress up slightly and do not significantly influence the development or validation of a detailed kinetic model from shock tube data that are obtained in a wide temperature range. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 75–97, 2006
Investigations on the process of dissolution and transformation of chloropinnoite in boric acid aqueous solution at 303 K by kinetics and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Xiaoping Li , Shiyang Gao , Zhihong Liu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractKinetics of dissolution and transformation of chloropinnoite (2MgO·2B2O3· MgCl2·14H2O) in 4.5% (wt%) boric acid aqueous solution at 303 K had been studied, and the kinetic process and mechanism were investigated by the Raman spectroscopy. According to the kinetic curve, the process of dissolution and phase transformation can be divided into three stages: dissolution stage, phase transformation induction period, and crystallization stage. The experimental results showed that when chloropinnoite dissolved in boric acid aqueous solution, MgCl2 was removed and midproduct (MgB2O(OH)6·H2O) dissolved at the same time, which was different from that of in water. Kurnakovite was a final product. The experimental data of the crystallization process have been fitted with the following mathematical modification with the aid of simplex optimum method and Runge–Kutta digital solution of differential equation system: −dc/dt = 6.31(c−0.3906)2 + 0.975(c−0.3906). Based on our experimental results and the Raman spectroscopy, kinetics and mechanism of dissolution, phase transformation, and crystallization of borate in chloropinnoite–boric acid water system are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 136–143, 2006