bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predation and oviposition by predatory Stethorus japonicus, Oligota kashmirica benefica, and Scolothrips takahashii in egg patches of various spider mite species
Authors: Kishimoto Hidenari , Adachi Ishizue 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPredation and oviposition by three predacious insects [Scolothrips takahashii Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Stethorus japonicus H. Kamiya (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Oligota kashmirica benefica Naomi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)] were examined using egg patches of three spider mite species [Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), Tetranychus urticae Koch, and Panonychus mori Yokoyama (all Acari: Tetranychidae)] that are pest species on Japanese pear [Pyrus serotina Rehder (Rosaceae)]. Scolothrips takahashii females consumed more prey and laid more eggs in A. viennensis and T. urticae egg patches than in P. mori egg patches. Females also left P. mori egg patches sooner than they left other egg patches even at high prey density. Predation and oviposition of S. takahashii in a prey patch were greatly enhanced by the complicated webs produced by A. viennensis. Stethorus japonicus females consumed significantly more prey and laid more eggs in A. viennensis egg patches than in P. mori egg patches, with intermediate values in T. urticae egg patches, reflecting the quality of each spider mite species as prey. Oligota kashmirica benefica females consumed more prey and laid more eggs in A. viennensis and T. urticae egg patches than in P. mori egg patches, particularly at high prey density. However, predation and oviposition by O. kashmirica benefica increased greatly with increasing prey density, even in P. mori egg patches, indicating that prey density was the most important factor in predation and oviposition by this species. These results are discussed in relation to the potential effect of each predator on the suppression of different spider mite species on Japanese pear.
Effects of different Nitrogen forms and osmotic stress on water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Guo S. , Zhou Y. , Li Y. , Gao Y. , Shen Q. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA hydroponic experiment with simulated water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) was conducted in greenhouse to study the effects of different nitrogen (N) forms (; and the mixture of and ) on water stress tolerance and water use efficiency (WUE and WUET) of different rice cultivars. Two rice cultivars (cv. ‘Shanyou 63’ hybrid indica and ‘Yangdao 6’ indica, China) were grown under non‐water‐ or water‐stressed condition [10% (w/v) PEG, molecular weight 6000] with different N forms for 3 weeks. Under non‐water stress, the biomass of Shanyou 63 was 50.0% and 64.3% and of Yangdao 6 was 6.9% and 87.8% higher under the supply of mixture of and than either under the sole supply of or , respectively; under water stress, the biomass of both rice cultivars decreased in all three nitrogen forms compared with non‐water stress; however, the inhibitory effect of water stress on biomass varied between and nutrition; the reduction of dry matter was significantly higher in than in nutrition. Compared with non‐water stress, under water stressed condition, WUE of both two rice cultivars significantly decreased in supply; WUE did not vary in and the mixture supply. It is concluded that (a) the resistance of water stress of rice seedlings is related to nitrogen form; (b) under water stress, could maintain a higher WUE compared with ; (c) hybrid indica rice seedlings have a higher water stress tolerance than indica rice seedlings.
THE LOCATION OF MANUFACTURING IN NEW ZEALAND*
Authors: Linge G. J. R. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryIt is well known that the four main districts, Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin, together with Lower Hutt, employ a high proportion of the workers engaged in manufacturing activities. The use of unweighted percentages shows that Auckland has more than half the number of persons employed in these districts, and one‐third of all the workers. This, however, is not surprising for Auckland is the largest centre of population. On the other hand, the use of weighted quotients shows that Lower Hutt is, for its size of working population, a highly concentrated industrial area, with fifty percent of all persons working in the district employed in manufacturing. The same method also introduces the Hastings district as one of the five in which manufacturing has more than its proportionate share of all employees, whereas Wellington has fewer workers in industry than might otherwise be expected. On the other hand it has a larger proportion than elsewhere of persons engaged in commercial and administrative activities. The use of location factors enables objective comparisons to be made be‐between the various districts, and these in turn could be used in planning future development. The method is not specific enough to allow precise statements to be made about future development, because the groups of industry used are broad and administrative districts arc necessarily adopted to describe industrial areas. Its tentative use here, however, serves to indicate the direction along which further research is necessary to explain the present patterns of location more precisely and to forecast future and desirable trends in industrial localisation in New Zealand.
The Recreational Value of In‐Stream Flows
Authors: COCKLIN CHRIS , FRASER IAIN , HARTE MICHAEL 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe decision in 1988 by the Rangitikei‐Wanganui Catchment Board to allocate flows away from use for electricity generation into recreation use brought into focus the conflict between market and non‐market valuation of river uses. The travel cost method (TCM) of non‐market valuation is used to estimate the in‐stream recreation values of the Upper Wanganui and Whakapapa rivers.
Re‐thinking Employment and Unemployment
Authors: LEVETT ALLAN , DWYER TOM 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTAccording to ‘official’ monetarist economic theory in New Zealand unemployment is temporary. The assertion is contradicted by the admission that unemployment may be here to stay. A post industrial theory of work offers a more satisfactory explanation of unemployment and leads to different policies. The crucial ingredient is an effective national system of life‐long learning. Unemployment can then be regarded as a transition in the life course when new kinds of work and new ways of contributing to the community can be explored.
REVIEWS
Authors: Young Elspeth 
Published: May 2008

Book reviewed in this article:Geographic Systems: Developments and Applications, Edited by Les Worrall, New York: Belhaven Press, 1990.The Urge to Clear the ‘Bush’: A Study of Native Forest Clearance on Farms in the Catlins District of New Zealand 1861–1990 By G.A. WilsonSoutheast Asia. A Region in Transition By Johnathan Rigg.Greater Cook Strait ‐Form and Flow By T.F. W. HarrisNeotectonics and Resources By J. Cosgrove & M. JonesNew Zealand and International Migration: A Digest and Bibliography Number 2 Edited by Andrew D. Trlin and Paul Spoonley, Palmerston North: Department of Sociology, Massey UniversityMining, Indigenous Peoples and Development in Australasia By J. Connell and R. Howitt, Sydney University Press, Sydney, NSW, 1991.Pacific Asia By David Drakakis‐Smith.Plains of Promise, Rivers of Destiny, Water Management and The Development of Queensland 1824–1990 By J.M. Powell, Boolanong, Bowen Hills, QueenslandDictionary of Environmental Science By G. Jones, A. Robertson, J. Forbes and G. Hollier.Land Use Change in Modern Japan (Nihon No Kindaika To Tochi Riyo Henka) By Yukio HimiyamaInventing Places: Studies in Cultural Geography By Kay Anderson and Fay Gale
Shaken, Not Stirred
Authors: HAY IAIN 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTIn a remarkable and yet largely unheralded piece off legislation, the New Zealand government has reshaped national provisions for earthquake insurance. Three major sets off issues emerge from the 1993 Earthquake Commission Act and warrant detailed investigation. The A ct will encourage significant changes in patterns of regional development in New Zealand, it heralds a simultaneous globalisation and localisation of earthquake risk through the mechanism of insurance and it gives new regulatory powers to insurers in New Zealand society.
‘Eating and Earning Your Crust Under the Same Roof’
Authors: ARMSTRONG NICOLA 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTTelework (paid work performed at home using new communications technologies) is a research site where concerns about globalisation, flexible work, technology and gender relations coalesce. My research suggests that the permeability of the boundary between home and work leads to power struggles around the use of domestic space and is symbolic of the wider negotiation of the conflicted identities of worker, parent and partner.
Reflections on New Zealand Water
Authors: BURTON LLOYD 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTImplementing the RMA compels those responsible for managing the allocation and end‐use of water resources to simultaneously address several conceptual issues. These include the forced expansion of the range of relevant management values, the determination of whether water is a commons or a commodity, regionalism, opportunity costs in allocation, and efficiency of end‐use. New Zealand's relative success in this endeavour can provide important lessons for other English‐speaking common law nations around the Pacific Rim.
From Sustainable Development Objectives to Indicators of Progress
Authors: PARKER PAUL 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTLocal communities are adopting sustainable development goals as outlined in Agenda 21. The pressure‐state‐response model proposed by the OECD and adopted in Australia is extended with environmental sustainability and environmental health indicators to emphasise interaction between the bio‐physical and socio‐economic sub‐systems. Indicators are selected with the participation of local residents to monitor sensitive local environmental concerns, to motivate change and to provide benchmarks for comparison with other areas. Partnerships are proposed to use established programmes to provide much of the data required.
Agricultural Sustainability
Authors: SMITH W. , SAUNDERS L. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTIn conventional economic terms, the withdrawal of government support for agriculture in 1984 may have resulted in a revitalised and stronger farm sector. This paper uses evidence gathered from 16 case study farms in the Tararua District to argue that such a perspective ignores the long‐term social and environmental impact of the policy reforms. It questions whether New Zealand's commitment to sustainable agriculture can be met without comprehensive public policies that address the underlying social and economic causes of environmental damage.
Towards a National Landslide Information Base for New Zealand
Authors: GLADE THOMAS , CROZIER MICHAEL 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTLandslides constitute a problem as a natural hazard, as a factor in land development decisions, and as a major process in the depletion of New Zealand's soil resource. There are compelling social, economic, and legislative reasons for obtaining and accessing information on landslide activity. As a way of improving a currently weak information base, recommendations are given for establishing an information system appropriate to specific management functions.
Agriculture in Recession
Authors: TAYLOR MICHAEL 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe paper explores the extent of regional variations in farm financial performance in the broadacre livestock sector in Australia between 1984‐85 and 1990‐91. Widespread regional shifts are demonstrated. From a series of multivariate analyses, it is suggested that financial performance has been maintained by shifting the burden of production into more marginal physical environments, with the implication that the practices may be environmentally unsustainable.
Water Resource Management and Regional Development
Authors: EPPS ROGER , SORENSEN TONY 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThis article argues that integrated outcomes from a merger between water managers and regional development agencies are likely to be more effective in terms of employment creation than the output from the individual entities. There is potential to accommodate the needs of the riverine ecosystems and add value to water without reducing the economic benefits to those with substantial vested interests in the irrigation industry in the north west of NSW.
We Don't Want to See Our Neighbours' Washing
Authors: FAIRWEATHER JOHN R. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTIn a qualitative study of smallholders around Christchurch 58 people on 33 smallholdings were interviewed about perceptions of the rural lifestyle. Intending smallholders, those who had just obtained building permits, sought income typically from horticulture and lifestyle which valuing privacy, clean air, freedom and quietness, and which was good for raising children. Existing smallholders, those who obtained building permits five years ago, emphasised country living. Typically their economic expectations had not been met, from horticultural or animal land uses and these had not developed to the extent hoped. They enjoyed lifestyle values of openness, quietness, clean air, animals and lowered pressure. Few smallholders had left out of dissatisfaction and returned to the city.
Farm Size Change in New Zealand
Authors: MORAN WARREN 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe size of farm holdings is a commonly used indicator of change in rural societies and economies. This paper reviews the explanation for changes in farm size in developed western countries and identifies the inadequacy of national data in presenting an accurate explanation of change. The literature is characterised by relative neglect of the influence of different farming systems, policy and legislative changes and other factors. In New Zealand, national farm size has decreased since the mid‐1970s, but the experiences of different parts of the country has varied considerably. Farm size has decreased the most where subdivision and intensification of land use have taken place, whilst in some pastoral regions farm size has been maintained or has even increased.
Social and Cultural Aspects of Natural Hazards Perception and Response
Authors: GREGORY GEOFF , LOVERIDGE ALISON , GOUGH JANET 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTFocus groups conducted in two urban areas in New Zealand explored perceptions of natural hazards and disaster preparedness. The groups were structured by socio‐economic status, gender, age, and cultural background. Participants were generally aware of likely major hazard events but few maintained emergency kits or had prepared emergency plans. People held an optimistic attitude, believing they could cope with disaster. Differences amongst the groups included the inability of lower socio‐economic groups to afford emergency kits or insurance and evidence of strong supportive networking among Maori and Samoan groups.
Branding Strategies and Languages of Consumption
Authors: PAWSON ERIC 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThis article seeks to contribute to the limited literature on languages of consumption by focusing on the ways in which brands help to articulate the relationships between producers and consumers. A particular theme is the invention and exploitation of identities of place employed in branding strategies. This is illustrated by case studies of ‘clean, green’ New Zealand, and of corporate branding activites in the brewing and wine making industries.
Queen(s‘) Street or Ponsonby Poofters? Embodied HERO Parade Sites
Authors: JOHNSTON LYNDA 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this paper I highlight some spatial and body politics of the HERO parade, Aotearoa/New Zealand's biggest gay pride parade. The proposed site change of the HERO parade, from Queen Street to Ponsonby Road, was debated at length in local newspapers. This debate can be theorised as contingent on western hierarchical dualisms such as mind/body, public/ private, straight/gay. 1 offer an embodied geography through a focus on the constitutive relationship between bodies and places.
Recent Coastal Change in Canterbury‐ the case of Lake Forsyth/Wairewa
Authors: SOONS JANE M. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTDocumentary and anecdotal evidence is presented to supplement geomorphological evidence for the conversion of Lake Forsyth (Wairewa) from marine inlet to brackish to freshwater lake within near historic time. Growth of the barrier across the lake outlet is likely to continue in the future.
A National Park Revisited Assessing Change in Recreational Use of Arthur's Pass National Park
Authors: ESPINER STEPHEN R. , SIMMONS DAVID G. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTAt a time of increasing visitation and activity diversification, the relationship between use and conservation of New Zealand's national parks is under scrutiny. During this period it is especially important that resource use is understood and monitored over time. Using a replicative format this paper documents the findings of two visitation studies undertaken in Arthur's Pass National Park fifteen years apart. The findings suggest that, despite some strong elements of stability, there are indications of considerable change in use patterns at this site. Data presented are acquiescent in supporting the thesis that Arthur's Pass National Park is undergoing a transition initially shaped by wider social and economic pressures and manifest at the Park by increasing use for commercial purposes, an intensification of use, and increasing numbers of visitors from overseas. While continued research into visitation trends is encouraged, the authors also advise that the challenge of replicative studies in natural resource settings should not be underestimated.
Coping with Rural Change: Finding a Place for the Elderly in Sustainable Communities
Authors: JOSEPH ALUN E. , CHALMERS A.I. (LEX) 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on some individual constructions of ageing and how these relate to the mutual sustainability of lives and communities in the changing rurality of New Zealand in the 1990s. The Arena Society model is used to organise a discussion of the impact of technology on settlement systems, with reference to changes in the provision of banking services and their impact on the elderly. The views of older people living in the village of Tirau in the Waikato are used to ground the analysis in human experience. The concluding discussion focuses on the potential contribution of older rural residents to the ‘multiple agency’ that communities will need for survival in the ‘open society’.
End of an Era? Population Geography in New Zealand at the Turn of the Century
Authors: BEDFORD RICHARD 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTResearch into and teaching on population issues in New Zealand's university geography departments is at a crossroads. A significant cohort of New Zealand population geographers who gained their graduate and post‐graduate training during the 1950s and 1960s is rapidly diminishing as a result of retirements and late career shifts. In the much more competitive university environment of the 1990s staff are either not being replaced, or their positions and programmes are being reshaped as part of radical restructuring of the social sciences and humanities. This paper reflects on recent developments in population geography in New Zealand, highlighting the contributions made by three of the country's most prominent researchers and teachers in what is fast becoming a dying field of discourse in university geography departments. The paper concludes on an ambivalent note about prospects for geographers in the era of sub‐replacement fertility and the heightened attention that will be accorded to migration processes.
Migration of Entrepreneurs from Hong Kong: Background, Trendsand Impacts
Authors: SKELDON RONALD 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper critically examines the movement of entrepreneurs from Hong Kong within the context of whether Chinese culture predisposes them to become entrepreneurs: that the type of business relations and networks that the Chinese employ is in some way distinct from those of other groups because of Confucianism and unique ‘Asian values’. This interpretation is found severely wanting. Entrepreneurs are seen to be but one type of migrant from China and Hong Kong, and there are significant differences within Chinese migrant groups. We need to move away from vague cultural explanations to consider the context in which migrant groups find themselves before a satisfactory analytical framework for ethnic entrepreneurship can be constructed. The case of entrepreneurs moving to Canada is taken to illustrate recent policy changes and the impact of entrepreneurs on destination economies.
Career Migration as Personal Biography: New Zealand Case Studies
Authors: HEENAN BRIAN 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe paper is based on autobiographical details of residential mobility for a small sample of New Zealand male career professionals collected in 1981. Classified by cohort and employment sector, the information is used to examine migration in the context of personal career development. Aspects explored include age of entry to the workforce, frequency of movement, migration and career promotion, and the spatial structure of migration. Also discussed, in conclusion, is the impact on career‐related migration of the surge of national economic restructuring initiated in 1984.
(Anti?) Colonial Women Writing War
Authors: MORIN KAREN M. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the wartime literature of Sarah Selwyn, Mary Ann Martin, and Caroline Abraham, all wives of prominent church and government men in colonial Aotearoa/New Zealand. Along with their husbands these women became leading participants in the “pamphlet war” surrounding the justice and legality of the colonial government's survey and confiscation of Māori land at Taranaki, c. 1850–1860. I analyze the socio‐spatial frameworks of these colonial women, linking them with their protest narratives of the Taranaki confiscations and ensuing war. The anti‐colonial position articulated by these women must be viewed within the context of ideological constraints on women's participation in public life, but also within the context of expanded social and spatial boundaries of such high‐placed colonials, the gendered space of the episcopal residences during wartime, the women's networks of communication, and their material and discursive links to public arguments taking place in England over colonial conflicts.
Mountain Biking in the Manawatu Region: Participants, Perceptions, and Management Dimensions
Authors: LEBERMAN SARAH , MASON PETER 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe increase in the number of mountain bikers world‐wide has raised a number of issues associated with impacts and appropriate management strategies. Studies in the USA, UK and New Zealand have indicated a growing concern with environmental impacts, demonstrated attitudes of other recreationalists to mountain bikers and identified a number of management issues. This article presents the findings from field research conducted during the southern summer of 1997/8. The research was carried out in association with the Palmerston North City Council (PNCC) and the Manawatu Mountain Bike Club. The aims of the research were to investigate the demographics of mountain bikers and related management issues. Key findings of the field research were that: access to mountain biking opportunities was a problem; information provision was poor; there was conflict between user groups; there was a lack of agreement on whether there should be dedicated or multi‐use tracks. The article discusses how the research findings have been used to assist in the creation of an outdoor recreation and tourism strategy for Palmerston North. A model for managing recreation /tourism activities is also suggested.