bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of carrier‐primed cells on an adoptive anti‐hapten response
Authors: Kontiainen Sirkka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of carrier‐primed cells on an adoptive immune response was studied. Carrier‐primed cells came from donors immunized with chicken globulin (CG), and hapten‐primed cells from donors immunized with NIP‐BSA (4‐hydroxy‐3‐iodo‐5‐nitro‐phenylacetic acid coupled to bovine serum albumin). Recipients were boosted with NIP‐CGG.Recipients of hapten‐primed cells produced only 1/1000th of the anti‐NIP produced by hapten‐primed cells plus carrier‐primed cells. The increase in anti‐NIP titer was mainly “IgG”.Recipients of only carrier‐primed cells had 100 times higher anti‐NIP titers than recipients of unprimed cells. This anti‐NIP was mainly “IgM”.Carrier‐primed cells taken 8 days after one injection of CG enhanced the anti‐NIP response more than cells taken from donors given two injections of CG. The latter, however, produced more anti‐CG than the former.
Antibody‐induced destruction of colon antigen‐coated chicken erythrocytes by normal human lymphocytes
Authors: Carlsson H. E. , Hammarström S. , Lanteli M. , Perlmann P. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract51Cr‐labeled chicken erythrocytes were sensitized with a polysaccharide antigen from colon of germ‐free rats. When exposed to highly purified human blood lymphocytes in excess (25 lymphocytes: 1 erythrocyte) in the presence of heat inactivated rabbit antiserum to rat colon antigen, the modified red cells were lysed within 16–20 h. Lysis was specific and could be inhibited by addition of increasing amounts of soluble colon antigen. Maximal lysis was induced by antibodies from hyperimmune rabbits. While antibodies of the IgG class were active in this test, IgM antibodies lacked the capacity to induce lymphocyte mediated lysis. Under the experimental conditions applied, as little as 1 ng IgG antibody was required for 50 % lysis. This corresponded to ∼ 80 000 antibody molecules for lysis of one erythrocyte.The model system described should provide a basis for further studies of the cytotoxic potential of lymphocytes and/or antibodies to colon from patients with ulcerative colitis.
In vitro studies on the release of mitogenic factor by sensitized human lymphocytes
Authors: Havemann K. , Bürger S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to demonstrate mitogenic activity released by human lymphocytes, supernatants from “primary cultures” (sensitized cells together with antigen) were transferred to “secondary cultures” (autologous or homologous sensitized or non‐sensitized lymphocytes). It could be shown that sensitized human lymphocytes excrete a soluble mitogenic factor after exposure to antigen which induces DNA synthesis in secondary cultures. The production of this mitogenic factor was immunologically specific. Factor production could also be demonstrated in an autologous system; therefore the effect of mitogenic factor is independent of histocompatibility antigens. Maximal production of mitogenic activity was obtained after 24 h of primary culture. The amount of activity produced was dependent on the dose of antigen added. An effect of mitogenic factor on secondary cultures was already visible after 48–60 h; the maximal response, however, was seen after 120–136 h of incubation. The kinetics of DNA synthesis obtained were comparable to kinetics induced by specific antigen in short term lymphocyte cultures. DNA synthesis in secondary cultures was dependent on the amount of supernatant added. Since the addition of further antigen to different volumes of supernatants did not lead to an enhanced factor activity, the operation of mitogenic factor was not dependent on the amount of antigen present. Supernatants obtained after 3 days of primary culture, tested on autologous lymphocytes, exhibited a lower response in most instances when compared with the reconstituted controls. This effect may be due to an inhibitor produced by the cells.
Anaphylatoxin formation by contact activation of plasma. II. Implication of properdin and an unknown plasma factor in activation by zymosan
Authors: Brade V. , Vogt W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring incubation with human serum at 37°C zymosan is coated with factors which liberate anaphylatoxin (AT) from its precursor, anaphylatoxinogen. Serum free of properdin (RP), prepared by previous absorption with zymosan at 17°C, does not generate an AT‐forming system when subsequently incubated with fresh zymosan, at 37°C. Only after addition of properdin to RP does the mixture fix an effective system onto zymosan.Serum pretreated with zymosan at 37°C (zymosan‐R3) is unable to subsequently coat fresh zymosan with an AT‐forming system even when properdin is added. It is concluded that in addition to properdin and possibly complement factors C1, C4 and C2 an unknown serum factor (UF) is essential for the generation of AT forming activity on zymosan.UF is present in RP and in cobra venom‐treated serum (cobra‐R3) but absent from zymosan‐R3. It is subject to decay once fixed to zymosan. Decayed zymosan complexes can be regenerated by incubating them with an appropriate source of UF, e. g. RP or cobra‐R3, whereas reagents containing only early complement components and/or properdin d o not reactivate them.The results indicate that AT formation in serum by zymosan and probably other polysaccharides proceeds by a pathway different from the classical complement reaction.
The antibody response of pigs to dinitrophenylated bovine IgG administered with a novel type of adjuvant
Authors: Franěk F. , Šimek L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh and reproducible antibody response to miligram quantities of 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP)‐conjugated bovine IgG was elicited in pigs with the aid of a novel adjuvant composed of aluminium hydroxide, paraffin oil and Sorbitan trioleate (Al‐Span‐Oil). Repeated injections of antigen produced antibody levels up to 8 mg per ml of serum. The antibody level reached the maximum around the 12th day after first antigen injection, but around the 7th day after subsequent antigen injection. Isolated anti‐DNP antibody was found to be chemically heterogeneous. It bound ϵ‐DNP‐lysine with a mean association constant of about 106 M−1.
Stimulation of humoral antibody formation by polyanions. III. Restoration of the immune response to sheep red blood cells by polyanions in thymectomized and lethally irradiated mice protected with bone marrow cells
Authors: Diamantstein T. , Wagner B. , L'Age‐Stehr Johanna , Beyse Inge , Odenwald Maria V. , Schultz Gisela 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult thymectomized C57BL/6J mice were lethally irradiated and injected 4 h later with 10 × 106 syngeneic bone marrow cells. Two weeks later animals were either inoculated with sheep red blood cells alone or treated with synthetic polyanions such as dextran sulfate or polyacrylic acid prior to inoculation with sheep red blood cells. On the fifth day after immunization the mice treated with polyanions showed a 19 S and 7 S plaque‐forming cell response as well as significant hemolytic titers. Control mice showed no significant plaque‐forming cell response or hemolytic titers. Polyanions seem to be capable of replacing thymus cell function.
Recognition of transplantation antigens in vitro: blocking of recognition structures by specific antibody
Authors: Ramseier H. , Lindenmann J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecognition of cellular murine transplantation antigens by lymphoid cells could be blocked by antisera against recognition structures (RS). These antisera were provoked by the injection of parental strain lymph node cells in low doses into adult F1 hybrids. The activity of anti‐RS antisera was highly specific. Treatment of recognizing cells with a particular serum inhibited the reaction towards a given transplantation antigen but did not impair recognition of another histo‐compatibility antigen. Anti‐RS antisera could be neutralized only by absorption with lymphoid cells carrying the specific RS.
Separation of different serological activities associated with immunoglobulins from sera of rabbits immunized with rat erythrocytes
Authors: Kaštelan Maja , Vitale Ljubinka , Vitale B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIgG from rabbit anti‐rat erythrocyte serum was isolated and fractionated according to charge by DEAE‐Sephadex chromatography and isoelectric focusing. In IgG fractions obtained the ratio of serological activities was determined and it was shown that relatively higher lytic activity is associated with the less negative IgG molecules and relatively higher agglutinating activity with more negative IgG molecules.
Physicochemical characterization of the fifth (C5), sixth (C6), seventh (C7), eighth (C8) and ninth (C9) component of guinea pig complement
Authors: König W. , Bitter‐Suermann D. , Dierich M. , Hadding U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA physicochemical characterization of the purified guinea pig complement components C5 to C9 is given. For this purpose the sedimentation rate, the diffusion coefficient, the molecular weight and the isoelectric point were determined and compared with the values already known for the guinea pig and human complement system. For the determination of the physicochemical parameters gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200, ultracentrifugation applying a sucrose density gradient and thin‐layer isoelectric focusing were used. By comparing the values of the human and guinea pig complement a remarkable similarity is shown.
Analysis of antibody populations to oligo‐alanine determinants. I. An antibody assay by one‐hit sensitization of red cells
Authors: Weiler E. , Weiler Ivan Jeanne , Sprenger Renate , Dittrich B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA sensitive method for the quantitation of mouse antibodies to oligo‐D‐alanine determinants is described. Receptor molecules carrying clusters of determinants are attached to the surface of sheep red blood cells. The receptor molecules are poly‐alanylated rabbit antibodies (IgG) directed to SRBC. The formation of a complex between cell‐bound receptor molecules and antibodies to oligo‐D‐alanine can act as a center of sensitization, leading to cell lysis by complement.The kinetics of sensitization of receptor‐equipped SRBC by antibodies to oligo‐D‐alanine was studied. Antibodies of the IgM class sensitized SRBC according to one‐hit kinetics. Single‐hit sensitization by antibodies of the IgG (7 S) class also occurred, as shown by dose‐response curves with receptor as well as with antibody, provided that antibodies are complexed with anti‐allotype antibodies subsequent to their attachment (facilitation). Facilitation thus not only serves to detect sensitively the attachment of 7 S antibodies, but also reveals the phenotype (allotype) of the constant portions of their H‐chains.The velocity of sensitization was proportional both to the antibody concentration and to the receptor density on cells. A velocity constant was defined, and compared to the probability of collision between antibodies and receptors, derived from the diffusion constant of IgG molecules. It appears that, with some antisera, as much as every second collision may lead to a successful union between antibody and receptor molecules.
Hidden anti‐nuclear antibodies in sero‐negative systemic lupus erythematosus patients and in NZB and (NZB × NZW) F1 mice
Authors: Blomjous F. J. E. M. , Feltkamp‐Vroom Thea M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐nuclear antibodies could be demonstrated in sero‐negative patients with immune complex glomerulonephritis by means of an acid dissociation method.The antibodies were also found in sero‐negative NZB and (NZB × NZW) F1 mice with complex glomerulonephritis.It is suggested that the antigen is bound to anti‐nuclear antibodies, thus forming circulating soluble immune complexes, which cause the glomerular deposits.
Observations on different origins of “naturally” occurring antibodies
Authors: Arend P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 6 weeks old C57BL/10J mice specificities of “naturally” occurring antibodies to determinants of the widely distributed ABH‐(blood group)system are highly sex‐dependent. This is not reflected by ABH‐antigenic differences of red cells and tissues. The response of C57BL/10J mice to known heterologous AB antigens might show that production of certain “naturally” occurring hemagglutinating antibodies cannot be induced by exogenous heterologous antigens. With regard to the rare linkage of C57BL/10J mice hemagglutinins to XX and XY chromosome sets, and taking into account the peculiar occurrence of hemagglutinins in germ cells of certain animals and plants, it is assumed that growth and maturation mechanisms might have a relation to hemagglutinin production.
Influence of syngeneic thymus and bone marrow transplants on the intensity of the graft‐versus‐host reaction
Authors: Grushka Miriam , Lapp W. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransplantation of F1 thymus or F1 thymus plus bone marrow into A × CBA (F1) mice experiencing a graft‐versus‐host reaction increases the intensity of the reaction. Conversely, animals appear to be protected from the graft‐versus‐host reaction when transplanted with only F1 bone marrow.
Evidence for surface‐associated immunoglobulin on T and B lymphocytes
Authors: Hämmerling U. , Rajewsky K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn electron microscopic study was carried out to characterize surface‐associated immunoglobulin on murine lymph cell populations. A panel of hybrid anti‐bodies with anti‐immunoglobulin and anti‐Southern Bean Mosaic Virus specificities permitted the identification of both κ and μ chain determinants on cell surfaces, indicating that surface‐associated immunoglobulin presumably represents IgM.The cells carrying immunoglobulin on their surface were identified as lymphocytes. In cell populations from lymph nodes 95 % of the mature lymphocytes possessed surface‐bound κ and μ determinants. This indicates that both thymus derived (T) and bone marrow‐derived (B) lymphocytes express IgM.Plasma cells do not carry immunoglobulin on the cell surface, which implies that antigen‐induced differentiation of B lymphocytes entails loss of surface IgM expression.In the thymus, surface‐associated immunoglobulin could not be detected on the vast majority (98 %) of the cells, but 2 % positive cells were found. T lymphocytes may thus acquire immunoglobulin as a surface constituent shortly before or after the cells leave the thymus.
Anti‐hapten antibodies in normal sera
Authors: Jormalainen Seija , Mäkelä O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany normal human, rabbit and reindeer sera were found to inactivate bacteriophages coupled with synthetic haptens NIP (4‐hydroxy‐3‐iodo‐5‐nitrophenylacetic acid), NP (hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenylacetic acid), DNP (2,4‐dinitrophenol), oxazolone (2‐phenyl‐4‐ethoxy methylene oxazolone) or penicillin G. Evidence was produced indicating that these inactivators are antibodies with specificities roughly as strict as those of early immune antibodies. While most of the phage‐inactivation power was due to 19 S antibodies, 7 S inactivators with chromatographic characteristics of IgG were demonstrated.There were great inter‐individual differences in various anti‐hapten titers. In spite of that, inter‐species differences could also be demonstrated.
Studies on a fragment of human IgM macroglobulins related to “J chain”
Authors: Kownatzki E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies are presented on a fragment of human Waldenström macroglobulins, previously detected with immunological methods and termed “γM piece”. Attachment to the 19 S molecule was by disulfide bonds. For its release reduction and alkylation at pH 8.0 was sufficient and no dissociating agents were required. Its electrophoretic mobility was in the α2‐region. It could easily be purified by a combination of preparative electrophoresis on Pevikon at pH 8.6 and gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200 in Tris‐NaCl buffer, pH 8.0. The molecular weight of the fragment isolated in this manner was determined by gel filtration and found to be 48 000. From a column of Sephadex G‐100 in 1 N propionic acid it was eluted with the H chains. The molecular weight determined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl‐sulfate was 25 400.On the basis of these findings it appears possible that the fragment is released from the 19 S molecule as a dimer, which dissociates under treatment with SDS to yield two chains. The electrophoretic mobility, the size of a single chain, the presence in dimeric IgA and the amino acid analysis suggested that “γM piece” is identical with the fragment described as “J chain”.
Encephalitogenic activity in rabbits of the C‐terminal region of bovine basic myelin protein
Authors: Bergstrand H. , Berg O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe C‐terminal region (residues 117 – 170) of bovine basic myelin protein has been shown to have considerable encephalitogenic activity when injected in rabbits at the 50 μg level. However, in guinea pigs the same preparation at 8 μg did not induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
Direct stimulation of lymphoid tissue of the chicken. I. Antibody‐producing, antibody‐transferring and plaque forming capacity of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius following intrathymic and intravenous injection of antigen
Authors: Janković B. D. , Isaković Katarina , Petrović Spomenka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBovine serum albumin (BSA) and human 0 red blood cells (0 RBC) were injected into six thymic lobes or into the vein of 8‐week old normal and neonatally bursectomized New Hampshire chickens in order to study the antibody production. Thymus and spleen cells from donors immunized by the intrathymic or intravenous route with BSA were used in the transfer of antibody response to homologous bursaless nonimmunized recipients. The thymus, spleen and bursa of chickens immunized with 0 RBC were inspected for the presence of plaque‐forming cells.Intrathymic injection of BSA induced a prompt appearance of 2‐mercaptoethanol (ME)‐sensitive anti‐BSA antibodies in a number of chickens, and progressive increase of antibody titer. Bursectomized chickens showed very weak primary antibody response (only antibody of ME‐sensitive type) following intrathymic or intravenous stimulation with BSA.The amount of ME‐sensitive hemagglutinins increased 2 days after intrathymic or intravenous administration of 0 RBC, but there was no immediate rise of hemagglutinin titer in intrathymically injected birds. Intravenous injection of 0 RBC was superior to intrathymic injection in inducing ME‐sensitive and ME‐resist ant he magglutinins.Thymus cells from donors immunized intrathymically with BSA were capable of transferring antibody response to neonatally bursectomized recipients. The most effective were thymus cells from BSA‐injected lobes. Thymus and spleen cells from intravenously immunized chickens exhibited a lower capacity for transferring the production of antibody. On the other hand, thymus and spleen cells from bursaless donors immunized intrathymically with BSA failed completely to induce antibody production in nonimmunized bursectomized recipients.Plaque‐forming cells were found in the thymus, spleen and bursa of chickens immunized intrathymically or intravenously with human erythrocytes.The results were interpreted as further support for the concept that the thymus is actively involved in immune reactions, and that the chicken thymus shares properties of both primary and secondary lymphoid tissues.
B lymphocytes can be stimulated by concanavalin A in the presence of humoral factors released by T cells
Authors: Andersson J. , Möller G. , Sjöberg O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConcanavalin A (Con A) induces proliferation in thymus‐derived (T) lymphocytes, whereas it does not induce DNA synthesis in bone marrow‐derived (B) lymphocytes. However, in the presence of humoral factors released by normal thymus lymphocytes during 24 h in culture, B cells become competent to respond to Con A. The optimal dose of Con A for induction of proliferation in B cells treated with T cell supernatant was identical to that for T cell proliferation. Nonspecifically activated T cells were more effective than normal T cells to produce humoral factors making B cells competent to respond to Con A.
Enhanced immune responsiveness to a thymus‐independent antigen early after adult thymectomy: Evidence for short‐lived inhibitory thymus‐derived cells
Authors: Kerbel R. S. , Eidinger D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice thymectomized as adults and injected with polyvinylpyrrolidone, a thymus‐independent antigen, demonstrated significantly enhanced antibody responses compared to sham‐thymectomized controls when immunized as early as three weeks after thymectomy. Increasing the interval between thymectomy and immunization, even up to seven months, did not significantly increase the extent of this enhancement, suggesting the effect may be caused by the removal of a short‐lived subpopulation of “inhibitory” thymus‐derived cells.Mice immunized to sheep, rat or goose erythrocytes (GRBC) four months after adult thymectomy showed significantly suppressed hemagglutinin responses only to GRBC, indicating that suppressive effects relatively early after adult thymectomy can be attained provided a marked thymus‐dependent antigen such as GRBC is used as test antigen.
Streptococcal group A carbohydrate antibodies in mice: evidence for strain differences in magnitude and restriction of the response, and for thymus dependence
Authors: Braun D. G. , Kindred Berenice , Jacobson Ethel B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunization with streptococcal group A vaccines revealed significantly higher immune responses in BALB/c than C57BL/6, CBA, and DBA/2 mice. In general, the antibody response of BALB/c mice not only was markedly higher than that of the other strains, but also showed a high degree of restriction. With two exceptions, all immune sera of the BALB/c mice exhibited bands in very similar electrophoretic positions. On the other hand, the three other strains were low responders which, except for the DBA/2 mice, rarely demonstrated clear‐cut bands in the immune sera.Studies with thymusless (nude) mice carrying 50 – 85% BALB/c genome identified the streptococcal group A polysaccharide, presented on whole bacteria, as a thymus‐dependent antigen. These nude mice, after reconstitution with thymus cells, produced group A antibodies restricted to two antibody bands extremely similar to those of BALB/c mice. High levels of antibody were produced in mice reconstituted with low responder DBA/2 thymus cells, indicating that the magnitude of the response is entirely controlled by mechanisms at the bone marrow cell level. Magnitude and restriction of the antibody response to this antigen are not determined by the H‐2 allele and are not related to the Iga allotypic marker on the heavy chain.