bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giardia intestinalisreshapes mucosal immunity toward a Type 2 response that attenuates inflammatory bowel-like diseases
Authors: Sardinha-Silva Aline , Gazzinelli-Guimaraes Pedro H. , Ajakaye Oluwaremilekun G. , Ferreira Tiago R. , Alves-Ferreira Eliza V.C. , Tjhin Erick T. , Gregg Beth , Fink Marc Y. , Coelho Camila H. , Singer Steven M. , Grigg Michael E. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTDiarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of death in children worldwide. Epidemiological studies show that co-infection withGiardia intestinalisdecreases the severity of diarrhea. Here, we show thatGiardiais highly prevalent in the stools of asymptomatic school-aged children. It orchestrates a Th2 mucosal immune response, characterized by increased antigen-specific Th2 cells, IL-25, Type 2-associated cytokines, and goblet cell hyperplasia.Giardiainfection expanded IL-10-producing Th2 and GATA3+Treg cells that promoted chronic carriage, parasite transmission, and conferred protection againstToxoplasma gondii-induced lethal ileitis and DSS-driven colitis by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines, decreasing Th1/Th17 cell frequency, and preventing collateral tissue damage. Protection was dependent on STAT6 signaling, asGiardia-infected STAT6-/-mice no longer regulated intestinal bystander inflammation. Our findings demonstrate thatGiardiainfection reshapes mucosal immunity toward a Type 2 response, which confers a mutualistic protection against inflammatory disease processes and identifies a critical role for protists in regulating mucosal defenses.
Comparison of Synergy Extrapolation and Static Optimization for Estimating Multiple Unmeasured Muscle Activations during Walking
Authors: Di Ao , Benjamin J. Fregly 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCalibrated electromyography (EMG)-driven musculoskeletal models can provide great insight into internal quantities (e.g., muscle forces) that are difficult or impossible to measure experimentally. However, the need for EMG data from all involved muscles presents a significant barrier to the widespread application of EMG-driven modeling methods. Synergy extrapolation (SynX) is a computational method that can estimate a single missing EMG signal with reasonable accuracy during the EMG-driven model calibration process, yet its performance in estimating a larger number of missing EMG signals remains unclear.MethodsThis study assessed the accuracy with which SynX can use eight measured EMG signals to estimate muscle activations and forces associated with eight missing EMG signals in the same leg during walking while simultaneously performing EMG-driven model calibration. Experimental gait data collected from two individuals post-stroke, including 16 channels of EMG data per leg, were used to calibrate an EMG-driven musculoskeletal model, providing “gold standard” muscle activations and forces for evaluation purposes. SynX was then used to predict the muscle activations and forces associated with the eight missing EMG signals while simultaneously calibrating EMG-driven model parameter values. Due to its widespread use, static optimization (SO) was also utilized to estimate the same muscle activations and forces. Estimation accuracy for SynX and SO was evaluated using root mean square errors (RMSE) to quantify amplitude errors and correlation coefficientrvalues to quantify shape similarity, each calculated with respect to “gold standard” muscle activations and forces.ResultsOn average, SynX produced significantly more accurate amplitude and shape estimates for unmeasured muscle activations (RMSE 0.08 vs. 0.15,rvalue 0.55 vs. 0.12) and forces (RMSE 101.3 N vs. 174.4 N,rvalue 0.53 vs. 0.07) compared to SO. SynX yielded calibrated Hill-type muscle-tendon model parameter values for all muscles and activation dynamics model parameter values for measured muscles that were similar to “gold standard” calibrated model parameter values.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that SynX could make it possible to calibrate EMG-driven musculoskeletal models for all important lower-extremity muscles with as few as eight carefully chosen EMG signals and eventually contribute to the design of personalized rehabilitation and surgical interventions for mobility impairments.
The telencephalon is a neuronal substrate for systemic inflammatory responses in teleosts via polyamine metabolism
Authors: Mani Amir , Haddad Farah , Barreda Daniel R. , Salinas Irene 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSystemic inflammation elicits sickness behaviors and fever by engaging a complex neuronal circuitry that begins in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. Ectotherms such as teleost fish display sickness behaviors in response to infection or inflammation, seeking warmer temperatures to enhance survival via behavioral fever responses. To date, the hypothalamus is the only brain region implicated in sickness behaviors and behavioral fever in teleosts. Yet, the complexity of neurobehavioral manifestations underlying sickness responses in teleosts suggests engagement of higher processing areas of the brain. Using twoin vivomodels of systemic inflammation in rainbow trout, we find canonical pyrogenic cytokine responses in the hypothalamus whereas in the telencephalonil-1bandtnfaexpression is decoupled fromil-6expression. Polyamine metabolism changes, characterized by accumulation of putrescine and decreases in spermine and spermidine, are recorded in the telencephalon but not hypothalamus upon systemic injection of bacteria. While systemic inflammation causes canonical behavioral fever in trout, blockade of bacterial polyamine metabolism prior to injection abrogates behavioral fever, polyamine responses and telencephalic but not hypothalamic cytokine responses. Combined, our work identifies the telencephalon as a neuronal substrate for brain responses to systemic inflammation in teleosts and uncovers the role of polyamines as critical chemical mediators in sickness behaviors.Significance StatementSystemic inflammation induces neuroimmune responses in the brain resulting in sickness behaviors and fever. In endotherms, sickness behaviors and fever are initiated in the hypothalamus but also engage a complex neuronal circuitry in higher areas of the brain. In ectotherms, only the hypothalamus has been linked to sickness behaviors and behavioral fever. Here we demonstrate that the telencephalon, a critical region of the teleost brain responsible for higher order processing, mounts pyrogenic cytokine responses to systemic inflammation in teleosts that are different from those of the hypothalamus. We identify polyamine metabolism as a core response of the teleost telencephalon to systemic inflammation and report that bacterial polyamines are triggers of behavioral fever in rainbow trout. Our work uncovers a previously unrecognized role for the telencephalon and polyamine metabolism in sickness behaviors and behavioral fever in teleosts with implications in fish health and fish conservation.
Evaluation of Bayesian Point-Based System on the Variant Classification of Hereditary Cancer Predisposition Genes
Authors: Eldomery Mohammad K. , Maciaszek Jamie L. , Cain Taylor , Loyola Victor Pastor , Mothi Suraj Sarvode , Wheeler David A. , Tang Li , Wang Lu , Klco Jeffery M. , Blackburn Patrick R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the differences in variant classifications using the ACMG/AMP 2015 guidelines and the Bayesian point-based classification system (here referred to as the point system) in 115 hereditary cancer predisposition genes and explore the utility of the point system in variant sub-tiering.MethodsGermline variant classifications for 721 pediatric patients from an in-house panel were retrospectively evaluated using the two scoring systems.Results2376 unique variants were identified. The point system exhibited a lower rate of unique variants of uncertain significance (VUS) of ∼15% compared to ∼36% using the ACMG/AMP 2015 guidelines (p-value < 0.001). This reduction is attributed to the classification of variants as likely benign with one benign supporting evidence (∼12%) or one benign strong evidence (∼4%) using the point system. In addition, the point system resolves conflicting criteria/evidence not recognized by the ACMG/AMP 2015 guidelines (∼5%). Sub-tiering unique VUS calls by the point system indicates ∼11.5% were VUS-Low (0-1 points), while the remaining ∼3.5% were VUS-Mid (2-3 points) and VUS-High (4-5 points).ConclusionThe point system reduces the VUS rate and facilitates sub-tiering. Future large-scale studies are warranted to explore the impact of the point system on improving VUS reporting and/or VUS clinical management.
Development and Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Cardiotocography Interpretation
Authors: Chiou Nicole , Young-Lin Nichole , Kelly Christopher , Cattiau Julie , Tiyasirichokchai Tiya , Diack Abdoulaye , Koyejo Sanmi , Heller Katherine , Asiedu Mercy 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe inherent variability in the visual interpretation of cardiotocograms (CTGs) by obstetric clinical experts, both intra- and inter-observer, presents a substantial challenge in obstetric care. In response, we investigate automated CTG interpretation as a potential solution to enhance the early detection of fetal hypoxia during labor, which has the potential to reduce unnecessary operative interventions and improve overall maternal and neonatal care. This study employs deep learning techniques to reduce the subjectivity associated with visual CTG interpretation. Our results demonstrate that using objective umbilical cord blood pH outcome measurements, rather than clinician-defined Apgar scores, yields more consistent and robust model performance. Additionally, through a series of ablation studies, we explore the impact of temporal distribution shifts on the performance of these deep learning models. We examine tradeoffs between performance and fairness, specifically evaluating performance across demographic and clinical subgroups. Finally, we discuss the practical implications of our findings for the real-world deployment of such systems, emphasizing their potential utility in medical settings with limited resources.
Who is responsible for fixing the food system? A framing analysis of media reactions to the UK's National Food Strategy
Authors: Tak Mehroosh , Blair Kirsty , Marques João Gabriel Oliveira 
Published: March 2024

PurposeHigh levels of child obesity alongside rising stunting and the absence of a coherent food policy have deemed UK’s food system to be broken. The National Food Strategy (NFS) was debated intensely in media, with discussions on how and who should fix the food system.Design/methodology/approachUsing a mixed methods approach, the authors conduct framing analysis on traditional media and sentiment analysis of twitter reactions to the NFS to identify frames used to shape food system policy interventions.FindingsThe study finds evidence that the media coverage of the NFS often utilised the tropes of “culture wars” shaping the debate of who is responsible to fix the food system – the government, the public or the industry. NFS recommendations were portrayed as issues of free choice to shift the debate away from government action correcting for market failure. In contrast, the industry was showcased as equipped to intervene on its own accord. Dietary recommendations made by the NFS were depicted as hurting the poor, painting a picture of helplessness and loss of control, while their voices were omitted and not represented in traditional media.Social implicationsBritish media’s alignment with free market economic thinking has implications for food systems reform, as it deters the government from acting and relies on the invisible hand of the market to fix the system. Media firms should move beyond tropes of culture wars to discuss interventions that reform the structural causes of the UK’s broken food systems.Originality/valueAs traditional media coverage struggles to capture the diversity of public perception; the authors supplement framing analysis with sentiment analysis of Twitter data. To the best of our knowledge, no such media (and social media) analysis of the NFS has been conducted. The paper is also original as it extends our understanding of how media alignment with free market economic thinking has implications for food systems reform, as it deters the government from acting and relies on the invisible hand of the market to fix the system.
Investigation into the interface bond between polyurethane concrete and steel plate
Authors: Wu Yuxuan , Xu Wenyuan , Yu Tianlai , Wang Yifan 
Published: March 2024

PurposePolyurethane concrete (PUC), as a new type of steel bridge deck paving material, the bond-slip pattern at the interface with the steel plate is not yet clear. In this study, the mechanical properties of the PUC and steel plate interface under the coupled action of temperature, normal force and tangential force were explored through shear tests and numerical simulations. An analytical model for bond-slip at the PUC/steel plate interface and a predictive model for the shear strength of the PUC/steel plate interface were developed.Design/methodology/approachThe new shear test device designed in this paper overcomes the defect that the traditional oblique shear test cannot test the interface shear performance under the condition of fixed normal force. The universal testing machine (UTM) test machine was used to adjust the test temperature conditions. Combined with the results of the bond-slip test, the finite element simulation of the interface is completed by using the COHENSIVE unit to analyze the local stress distribution characteristics of the interface. The use of variance-based uncertainty analysis guaranteed the validity of the simulation.FindingsThe shear strength (τf) at the PUC-plate interface was negatively correlated with temperature while it was positively correlated with normal stress. The effect of temperature on the shear properties was more significant than that of normal stress. The slip corresponding to the maximum shear (D1) positively correlates with both temperature and normal stress. The interfacial shear ductility improves with increasing temperature.Originality/valueBased on the PUC bond-slip measured curves, the relationship between bond stress and slip at different stages was analyzed, and the bond-slip analytical model at different stages was established; the model was defined by key parameters such as elastic ultimate shear stress τ0, peak stress τf and interface fracture energy Gf.
The application of machine learning to study fraud in the accounting literature
Authors: Ramzan Sana , Lokanan Mark 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study aims to objectively synthesize the volume of accounting literature on financial statement fraud (FSF) using a systematic literature review research method (SLRRM). This paper analyzes the vast FSF literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. These criteria filter articles that are present in the accounting fraud domain and are published in peer-reviewed quality journals based on Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) journal ranking. Lastly, a reverse search, analyzing the articles' abstracts, further narrows the search to 88 peer-reviewed articles. After examining these 88 articles, the results imply that the current literature is shifting from traditional statistical approaches towards computational methods, specifically machine learning (ML), for predicting and detecting FSF. This evolution of the literature is influenced by the impact of micro and macro variables on FSF and the inadequacy of audit procedures to detect red flags of fraud. The findings also concluded that A* peer-reviewed journals accepted articles that showed a complete picture of performance measures of computational techniques in their results. Therefore, this paper contributes to the literature by providing insights to researchers about why ML articles on fraud do not make it to top accounting journals and which computational techniques are the best algorithms for predicting and detecting FSF.Design/methodology/approachThis paper chronicles the cluster of narratives surrounding the inadequacy of current accounting and auditing practices in preventing and detecting Financial Statement Fraud. The primary objective of this study is to objectively synthesize the volume of accounting literature on financial statement fraud. More specifically, this study will conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine the evolution of financial statement fraud research and the emergence of new computational techniques to detect fraud in the accounting and finance literature.FindingsThe storyline of this study illustrates how the literature has evolved from conventional fraud detection mechanisms to computational techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The findings also concluded that A* peer-reviewed journals accepted articles that showed a complete picture of performance measures of computational techniques in their results. Therefore, this paper contributes to the literature by providing insights to researchers about why ML articles on fraud do not make it to top accounting journals and which computational techniques are the best algorithms for predicting and detecting FSF.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by providing insights to researchers about why the evolution of accounting fraud literature from traditional statistical methods to machine learning algorithms in fraud detection and prediction.
Datafication of audiovisual archives: from practice mapping to a thinking model
Authors: Yang Yuchen 
Published: March 2024

PurposeRecent archiving and curatorial practices took advantage of the advancement in digital technologies, creating immersive and interactive experiences to emphasize the plurality of memory materials, encourage personalized sense-making and extract, manage and share the ever-growing surrounding knowledge. Audiovisual (AV) content, with its growing importance and popularity, is less explored on that end than texts and images. This paper examines the trend of datafication in AV archives and answers the critical question, “What to extract from AV materials and why?”.Design/methodology/approachThis study roots in a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of digital methods and curatorial practices in AV archives. The thinking model for mapping AV archive data to purposes is based on pre-existing models for understanding multimedia content and metadata standards.FindingsThe thinking model connects AV content descriptors (data perspective) and purposes (curatorial perspective) and provides a theoretical map of how information extracted from AV archives should be fused and embedded for memory institutions. The model is constructed by looking into the three broad dimensions of audiovisual content – archival, affective and aesthetic, social and historical.Originality/valueThis paper contributes uniquely to the intersection of computational archives, audiovisual content and public sense-making experiences. It provides updates and insights to work towards datafied AV archives and cope with the increasing needs in the sense-making end using AV archives.
Smart contract challenges and drawbacks for SME digital resilience
Authors: Zirar Araz , Jabbar Abdul , Njoya Eric , Amoozad Mahdiraji Hannan 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study aims to explore the key challenges and drawbacks of smart contracts (SCs) and how they impact digital resilience within small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Whilst this type of technology is seen as a step forward in terms of traceability, transparency and immutability to increase digital resilience, we argue that it should be approached with trepidation.Design/methodology/approachIn developing this paper, the authors conduct a systematic literature search using the Scopus database. Through this, we identified 931 relevant articles, of which 30 were used as the focus of this article. Thematic analysis was used as the analytical approach to develop themes and meaning from the data.FindingsIn this paper, there is an emphasis on the importance of understanding the potential risks associated with SC implementation, as well as identifying appropriate strategies for mitigating any negative impact. In our findings, we puts forward three key themes, namely legality, security and human error, which we argue are key smart contract challenges that impact SME digital resilience.Originality/valueIn this paper, we propose the notion of “centralised control in decentralised solutions”. This comes from the research highlighting SC weaknesses in digital resilience for SMEs. We argue that there is a need for standards, regulations and legislation to address these issues, advocating, ironically, a centralised approach to decentralised technology.
Time is target for gen Z: increased time online during the pandemic and cyber victimization
Authors: Rosen Lisa H. , Rubin Linda J. , Dali Savannah , Llanes Daisie M. , Lopez Ahissa , Romines Ashton E. , Saunders Samantha A. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically altered daily life for Gen Z. The purpose of this study was to examine parental perceptions of the pandemic’s effects on their children’s peer relationships. As children sought peer connection during the pandemic, technology usage soared. The second purpose of the current study was to assess how greater time on social media affected adjustment among Gen Z and whether this effect was mediated by experiences of cyber victimization.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 250 U.S. parent-child dyads participated in the study. Parents reported on their children’s social media use and described how they believed the pandemic affected their children’s peer relationships. Child participants were transitioning to middle school and reported on cyber victimization and adjustment.

Findings
Thematic analysis of parental reflections revealed three themes: children spent more time online since the onset of the pandemic, there were negative implications of increased time online and there were positive and protective implications of being online. Analysis also indicated significant indirect effects of social media use on internalizing and externalizing problems through victimization.

Originality/value
Parents reported Gen Z continues to use electronic forms of communication and social media at high rates even after pandemic-related restrictions eased with some suggesting that their children prefer digital over face-to-face communication because they have become accustomed to this way of connecting and may find it easier than in-person interaction. Current findings highlight concerns about this increased time online as social media use negatively affected adjustment via cyber victimization.