bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossroads in GDNF therapy for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sherer Todd B. , Fiske Brian K. , Svendsen Clive N. , Lang Anthony E. , Langston J. William 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe development of a neuroprotective or neuroregenerative therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) would be a major therapeutic advance. Unfortunately, results from a recent controlled clinical study delivering the neurotrophic factor, glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), directly into brain did not demonstrate efficacy and safety of such a treatment. A critical review of available data suggests that there are questions that need to be answered before the future of GDNF as a therapy for PD can be determined. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Global existence and uniform decay for the coupled Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equations with non‐linear boundary damping and memory term
Authors: Park Jong Yeoul , Kim Joung Ae 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this paper we are concerned with the existence and energy decay of solution to the initial boundary value problem for the coupled Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equations with non‐linear boundary damping and memory term. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dressed nonrelativistic electron in a magnetic field
Authors: Amour Laurent , Grébert Benoît , Guillot Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe consider a nonrelativistic electron interacting with a classical magnetic field pointing along the x3‐axis and with a quantized electromagnetic field. When the interaction between the electron and photons is turned off, the electronic system is assumed to have a ground state of finite multiplicity. Because of the translation invariance along the x3‐axis, we consider the reduced Hamiltonian associated with the total momentum along the x3‐axis and, after introducing an ultraviolet cutoff and an infrared regularization, we prove that the reduced Hamiltonian has a ground state if the coupling constant and the total momentum along the x3‐axis are sufficiently small. We determine the absolutely continuous spectrum of the reduced Hamiltonian and, when the ground state is simple, we prove that the renormalized mass of the dressed electron is greater than or equal to its bare one. We then deduce that the anomalous magnetic moment of the dressed electron is nonnegative. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and regularity of a weak solution to Maxwell's equations with a thermal effect
Authors: Yin Hong‐Ming 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper deals with Maxwell's equations with a thermal effect, where the electric conductivity strongly depends on the temperature. It is shown that the coupled system has a global weak solution and the temperature is Hölder continuous if the conductivity decays suitably as temperature increases. Moreover, uniqueness of the solution is proved, which gives a positive answer for a open question from the previous research. The main idea for the global existence is based on deriving various energy estimates for the solution of the coupled system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global and exponential attractors for 3‐D wave equations with displacement dependent damping
Authors: Pata Vittorino , Zelik Sergey 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA weakly damped wave equation in the three‐dimensional (3‐D) space with a damping coefficient depending on the displacement is studied. This equation is shown to generate a dissipative semigroup in the energy phase space, which possesses finite‐dimensional global and exponential attractors in a slightly weaker topology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A heterogeneous‐network aided public‐key management scheme for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Tseng Yuh‐Min 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA mobile ad hoc network does not require fixed infrastructure to construct connections among nodes. Due to the particular characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks, most existing secure protocols in wired networks do not meet the security requirements for mobile ad hoc networks. Most secure protocols in mobile ad hoc networks, such as secure routing, key agreement and secure group communication protocols, assume that all nodes must have pre‐shared a secret, or pre‐obtained public‐key certificates before joining the network. However, this assumption has a practical weakness for some emergency applications, because some nodes without pre‐obtained certificates will be unable to join the network. In this paper, a heterogeneous‐network aided public‐key management scheme for mobile ad hoc networks is proposed to remedy this weakness. Several heterogeneous networks (such as satellite, unmanned aerial vehicle, or cellular networks) provide wider service areas and ubiquitous connectivity. We adopt these wide‐covered heterogeneous networks to design a secure certificate distribution scheme that allows a mobile node without a pre‐obtained certificate to instantly get a certificate using the communication channel constructed by these wide‐covered heterogeneous networks. Therefore, this scheme enhances the security infrastructure of public key management for mobile ad hoc networks. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acceleration schemes for computing centroidal Voronoi tessellations
Authors: Du Qiang , Emelianenko Maria 
Published: February 2006

AbstractCentroidal Voronoi tessellations (CVT) have diverse applications in many areas of science and engineering. The development of efficient algorithms for their construction is a key to their success in practice. In this paper, we study some new algorithms for the numerical computation of the CVT, including the Lloyd–Newton iteration and the optimization based multilevel method. Both theoretical analysis and computational simulations are conducted. Rigorous convergence results are presented and significant speedup in computation is demonstrated through the comparison with traditional methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An energy‐based AMG coarsening strategy
Authors: Brannick J. , Brezina M. , MacLachlan S. , Manteuffel T. , McCormick S. , Ruge J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAlgebraic multigrid (AMG) is an iterative method that is often optimal for solving the matrix equations that arise in a wide variety of applications, including discretized partial differential equations. It automatically constructs a sequence of increasingly smaller matrix problems that hopefully enables efficient resolution of all scales present in the solution. The methodology is based on measuring how a so‐called algebraically smooth error value at one point depends on its value at another. Such a concept of strength of connection is well understood for operators whose principal part is an M‐matrix; however, the strength concept for more general matrices is not yet clearly understood, and this lack of knowledge limits the scope of AMG applicability. The purpose of this paper is to motivate a general definition of strength of connection, discuss its implementation, and present the results of initial numerical experiments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the ephrin and Eph receptor tyrosine kinase families in angiogenesis and development of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Zhang J , Hughes SE 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAngiogenesis is a highly complex orchestrated process that plays a critical role in normal development and in the pathophysiology of multiple disease processes, including tumour neovascularization, ischaemic recovery, and wound healing. In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in Eph receptors and their ligands, ephrins, as their participation in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis has become apparent. The Eph receptor family is the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases identified to date. The Eph receptors and their membrane‐anchored ligands, ephrins, are unique in that they mediate bi‐directional signalling. This is concomitant with activation of the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase domain and transduction of the typical forward signal into the receptor‐bearing cell. The ligand‐receptor interaction also leads to transduction of a reverse signal into the ephrin‐bearing cell. The Eph/ephrin signalling mechanism is responsible for diverse and complex biological functions mediated by Eph receptors and ephrin ligands. These include vascular development, tissue‐border formation, cell migration, axon guidance, and synaptic plasticity. The role of Eph receptors and ephrins in the processes of development of the cardiovascular system, angiogenesis, and vascular remodelling has been the subject of intense investigation since they were first identified in 1987. This review addresses the role of this new growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family in those processes and provides new insights into the way in which Eph receptors and ephrin ligands modulate the angiogenic response and participate in vascular remodelling and vascular boundary formation during development of the cardiovascular system and vascularization of cancer. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing teachers' perceptions for school‐based aggression prevention programs: Applying a cognitive‐ecological framework
Authors: Boxer Paul , Musher‐Eizenman Dara , Dubow Eric F. , Danner Stephanie , Heretick Donna M.L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article describes qualitative and quantitative assessment based on responses of 221 teachers from nine elementary schools in two districts (urban and suburban) to inform plans for reducing and preventing student aggression. Teachers' perceptions of students' aggressive behavior and beliefs were validated against students' self‐reports and archival disciplinary data. Using a brief survey, we found district‐ and grade‐level differences in teachers' perceptions of students' aggressive behavior and aggression supporting cognitions. Teacher reports on these two constructs each uniquely predicted teacher perceptions of the degree to which student aggression interferes with their jobs. Focus‐group interviews with teachers were used to elaborate on individual‐cognitive and ecological school factors related to student aggression, including procedures for handling aggression. The importance of teacher reports is highlighted, and implications for school program development are considered. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 331–344, 2006.
Relational aggression in children and adolescents: A review with implications for school settings
Authors: Merrell Kenneth W. , Buchanan Rohanna , Tran Oanh K. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the literature on relational aggression of school‐aged children and adolescents, with the specific aim of making this information relevant to school settings and education professionals. Relational aggression is discussed in terms of definitions, terms, and the importance of the school context. The literature on gender and familial influences as they relate to relational aggression is overviewed. Assessment methods for detecting relational aggression in children and adolescents are described, with an emphasis on measurement techniques most viable for capturing this sometimes‐elusive construct. We conclude with a discussion of proposed best practices in school settings for effectively preventing and responding to incidents of relational aggression within the context of social and emotional learning interventions and positive behavioral interventions and supports. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 345–360, 2006.
Fighting an epidemic: The role of schools in reducing childhood obesity
Authors: Pyle Sara A. , Sharkey Jill , Yetter Georgette , Felix Erika , Furlong Michael J. , Poston W.S. Carlos 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObesity among children and adolescents is a major public health concern affecting the physical and emotional health of youth while increasing their risk of reduced quality and duration of life. Schools and communities have begun to galvanize to address this epidemic and need quality empirical information to guide their policy, programming, and intervention efforts. This article reviews the definition of childhood obesity and the physical, psychosocial, and academic consequences of obesity among youth. The roles of schools and school psychologists in intervening against this overwhelming trend are discussed as well as current empirically based programs. Schools are recommended to take a comprehensive, multifaceted approach to school policies and programs to increase nutrition and physical activity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 361–376, 2006.
Relational aggression: Understanding, identifying, and responding in schools
Authors: Young Ellie L. , Boye America E. , Nelson David A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractRelational aggression, harm through injury or manipulation of a relationship, has become fashionable, particularly in the popular press. Mental health professionals in schools can better serve students when they understand what is known about relational aggression, how it influences social behavior, and how it is related to children's well‐being. This article discusses the definition, identification, and consequences of relational aggression. Available intervention programs are introduced, and future directions for research, assessment, and intervention are addressed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 297–312, 2006.
Structure and prevalence of PTSD symptomology in children who have experienced a severe tornado
Authors: Evans Linda Garner , Oehler‐Stinnett Judy 
Published: February 2006

AbstractChildren served by school psychologists are frequently impacted by natural disasters. In the United States, tornadoes are a particular threat but have been studied very little. The current investigation developed a scale for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children in Kindergarten to Grade 6 impacted by a severe tornado. Six factors were found: Avoidance, Re‐experiencing, Interpersonal Alienation, Interference with Daily Functioning, Physical Symptoms/Anxiety, and Foreshortened Future. Prevalence rates for PTSD symptomology ranged from 34 to 44% for factor scores and 41% for meeting all three Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, fourth edition‐text revision (DSM‐IV‐TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria; 40% indicated no symptoms. Children's fear during the tornado and damage to their school were related to many factor scores. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 283–295, 2006.
Task performance and response to frustration in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Scime Melinda , Norvilitis Jill M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe present study examined performance on an arithmetic task of increasing difficulty and a frustrating puzzle task for children with ADHD and comparison children. Emotional competence also was investigated in the two groups. Sixty‐four children, 21 previously diagnosed with ADHD, participated. Performance on the arithmetic task was measured in terms of completion and accuracy. Children with ADHD had similar rates of accuracy for all levels of difficulty, but completed fewer problems. Performance on the puzzle task was measured both through completion and persistence. Although children with ADHD persisted for a similar amount of time compared to children without ADHD, they were more likely to quit the task before completion. Children with ADHD also were more likely to report that they became frustrated with the task. Furthermore, they tended to report that in general, they become more frustrated than other children. With regard to emotional competence, children with ADHD did not differ from the comparison children on their reported understanding of their own emotions or attention to emotions; however, children with ADHD reported that they engage in less mood repair. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 377–386, 2006.
Building and sustaining communities that prevent mental disorders: Lessons from the field of special education
Authors: Reinke Wendy M. , Herman Keith C. , Tucker Carolyn M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractQuietly, at least beyond the awareness of many psychologists, a relatively new technology based on school‐wide behavior management strategies has emerged in special education to answer the call to build healthy communities. The success of these strategies in changing the practices of school systems and creating positive school climates may offer insights for school psychologists interested in preventing mental disorders and promoting health on a broader scale. Spreading the influence of school‐wide behavior supports to ensure that all schools provide the nurturing environment needed to promote academic and life success for all children is an important and immediate goal. Beyond the school, the challenge will be to implement and evaluate the impact of positive behavior supports in other connected communities. The present article reviews the history and present state of school‐wide behavior supports and prevention research, limitations of current practice, and opportunities for integrating school‐wide programs with psychological science and practice. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 313–329, 2006.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐ethylene carbonate) macromonomers and their use in the preparation of crosslinked polymer electrolytes
Authors: Elmér Anette Munch , Jannasch Patric 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMethacrylate‐functionalized poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐ethylene carbonate) macromonomers were prepared in two steps by the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of ethylene carbonate at 180 °C, with potassium methoxide as the initiator, followed by the reaction of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the polymers with methacryloyl chloride. The molecular weight of the polymer went through a maximum after approximately 45 min of polymerization, and the content of ethylene carbonate units in the polymer decreased with the reaction time. A polymer having a number‐average molecular weight of 2650 g mol−1 and an ethylene carbonate content of 28 mol % was selected and used to prepare a macromonomer, which was subsequently polymerized by UV irradiation in the presence of different concentrations of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt. The resulting self‐supportive crosslinked polymer electrolyte membranes reached ionic conductivities of 6.3 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 20 °C. The coordination of the lithium ions by both the ether and carbonate oxygens in the polymer structure was indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2195–2205, 2006
Using the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer process to synthesize core‐crosslinked micelles
Authors: Zhang Ling , Katapodi Kamani , Davis Thomas P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPoly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate)–poly(n‐butyl acrylate) block copolymers were synthesized with the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process. The block copolymers were synthesized successfully with either poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) or poly(n‐butyl acrylate) macro‐RAFT agents. The resulting block copolymers had narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity index = 1.3–1.4). Copolymer self‐aggregation in water yielded micelles, with the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) values of the aggregates dependent on the length of both blocks according to Dh ∼ NBA1.17NHEA0.57, where NBA is the number of repeating units of n‐butyl acrylate and NHEA is the number of repeating units of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate. The micelles were subsequently stabilized via chain extension of the block copolymer with a crosslinking agent. The successful chain extension in a micellar system was confirmed by an increase in the molecular weight, which was detected with membrane osmometry. The crosslinked particles showed noticeably different aggregation behavior in diverse solvent systems. The uncrosslinked micelles formed by the block copolymer (NHEA = 260, NBA = 75) displayed a definite critical micelle concentration at 5.4 × 10−4 g L−1 in aqueous solutions. However, upon crosslinking, the critical micelle concentration transition became obscure. © 2006Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2177–2194, 2006
Novel conserved hydrolase domain in the CLCA family of alleged calcium‐activated chloride channels
Authors: Pawłowski Krzysztof , Lepistö Matti , Meinander Nina , Sivars Ulf , Varga Mikael , Wieslander Elisabet 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAdvanced protein structure prediction methods combined with structure modeling show that the mammalian proteins, described until now as calcium‐activated chloride channels (CLCAs), appear in fact to be membrane anchored metal‐dependent hydrolases, possibly proteases. A metallohydrolase structural domain was predicted, unexpectedly, in the CLCA sequences. The well‐conserved active site in the modeled structure of this hydrolase domain allows the prediction of catalytic action similar to that of metalloproteases. A number of protein structure prediction methods suggest the overall fold of the N‐terminal hydrolase domain to be most similar to that of zinc metalloproteases (zincins), notably matrixins. This is confirmed by analysis of the three‐dimensional structure model of the predicted CLCA1 hydrolase domain built using the known structure of the MMP‐11 catalytic domain. Fragments of CLCA1 corresponding to the modeled hydrolase domain were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the resulting proteins were readily refolded into monomeric soluble protein, indicating formation of stable independent domains. The homology model was used to predict putative substrate sequences. Homologs of mammalian CLCA genes were detected in the genomes of a vast array of multicellular animals: lower vertebrates, tunicates, insects, crustaceans, echinoderms, and flatworms. The hydrolase prediction is discussed in the context of published experimentally determined effects of CLCA proteins on chloride conductance. Altered proteolytic processing of full‐length CLCA1 containing a mutation abolishing the predicted hydrolase activity is shown as initial experimental evidence for a role of the hydrolase domain in processing of mature full‐length CLCA1. The hydrolase prediction together with the presented experimental data add to doubts about the function of CLCAs as chloride channels and strengthen the hypothesis of channel‐activating and/or channel‐accessory roles. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconciling the “old” and “new” views of protein allostery: A molecular simulation study of chemotaxis Y protein (CheY)
Authors: Formaneck Mark S. , Ma Liang , Cui Qiang 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA combination of thirty‐two 10‐ns‐scale molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the coupling between conformational transition and phosphorylation in the bacteria chemotaxis Y protein (CheY), as a simple but representative example of protein allostery. Results from these simulations support an activation mechanism in which the β4–α4 loop, at least partially, gates the isomerization of Tyr106. The roles of phosphorylation and the conserved Thr87 are deemed indirect in that they stabilize the active configuration of the β4–α4 loop. The indirect role of the activation event (phosphorylation) and/or conserved residues in stabilizing, rather than causing, specific conformational transition is likely a feature in many signaling systems. The current analysis of CheY also helps to make clear that neither the “old” (induced fit) nor the “new” (population shift) views for protein allostery are complete, because they emphasize the kinetic (mechanistic) and thermodynamic aspects of allosteric transitions, respectively. In this regard, an issue that warrants further analysis concerns the interplay of concerted collective motion and sequential local structural changes in modulating cooperativity between distant sites in biomolecules. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.