bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of carbon and nitrogen atoms into proteins measured by protein‐based stable isotope probing (Protein‐SIP)
Authors: Jehmlich Nico , Schmidt Frank , Hartwich Mathias , von Bergen Martin , Richnow Hans‐Hermann , Vogt Carsten 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe identification of metabolically active microbial key players is fundamental for understanding the structure and functions of contaminant‐degrading communities. The metabolic activity can be analysed by feeding the microbial culture with stable‐isotope‐labelled substrates and subsequently tracing their incorporation into the biomass. In this paper we present a method which is able to detect the incorporation of stable isotopes from the substrate into the proteins of a benzene‐metabolising microorganism. Pseudomonas putida strain ML2 was grown under aerobic conditions with the substrates 12C‐benzene, 13C‐benzene or 15N‐ammonium and 12C‐benzene. Proteins of these cultures were resolved by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and corresponding protein spots were subjected to matrix‐assisted laser ionization/desorption mass spectrometric (MALDI‐MS) analysis. The proteins of the 12C‐sample were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) as well as by tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) measurements. The 13C‐ or 15N‐content of the peptides from the labelling experiments was determined by MALDI‐MS/MS. The incorporation of heavy isotopes into the proteins from cultures grown on 13C‐benzene and 15N‐ammonium was determined based on the mass differences between labelled and non‐labelled peptides as well as on the isotopic distribution of the y1‐ion of arginine. The method we present here principally allows the unravelling of the carbon and nitrogen flow not only in pure cultures, but also in microbial communities consisting of many microbial species. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionization and fragmentation of monochloro‐isomers of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐4(1H)‐quinolinone
Authors: Grepl Martin , Roithová Jana , Hradil Pavel , Lemr Karel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractElectron ionization (EI), methane chemical ionization (CI), and collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of complete series of positional monochloro‐isomers of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐4(1H)‐quinolinone are evaluated and discussed. It is shown that in the CI experiments, in addition to the protonated precursor molecules, odd‐electron molecular ions are formed and this affects the appearance of the CID spectra. The influence of different direct probes and other experimental parameters such as the pressure of the reagent gas, isolation width, or collision energy was studied. EI, CI and CID spectra of the positional isomers show essentially the same fragmentation pathways but comparisons of the relative signal intensities of various product ions reveal some positional effects. Different isomers are also distinguished. The compounds can be divided into two groups using diagnostic ions (chloro substitution of the quinolinone moiety or the phenyl ring) or identified using a created spectral database. It was demonstrated that the reproducibility of the CID spectra is fully satisfactory for isomer identification, and that the created database can be applied for comparison of spectra measured over an extended time period (1 month) or spectra obtained during the direct analysis of a reaction mixture extract. Explanation of the fragmentation of the isomers is supported by exploratory density functional theory (DFT) calculations, e.g. rationalization of the relatively higher importance of the M+.‐H.‐Cl.‐CO fragmentation pathway during EI than during CID, and vice versa for the pathway M+.‐Cl.‐CO. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of complex cascade systems using boundedness information in finite time
Authors: Ye Huawen , Gui Weihua , Liu Guo‐Ping 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the stabilization problem of several classes of complex cascade systems is investigated from a new point of view. If the closed‐loop system is proven to have no finite escape time, the boundedness information in finite time, which is obtained from robust stable subsystems or recursive analysis procedures, is then sufficiently employed to deal with crucial nonlinear terms. The proposed method does not rely on complicated Lyapunov functions, and in some cases it can avoid strong growth conditions and complicated small gain analysis. In addition, simple saturated control laws are explicitly constructed in an almost unified way. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure authentication and authorization design for rural‐based healthcare institutions
Authors: Hembroff Guy , Cai Yu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAccording to National Rural Health Association, the rural‐based healthcare institutions serve approximately a quarter of the U.S. population. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates that patient information can only be accessed by authorized personnel. The complexity of this task increases significantly when associated with a rural healthcare network due to a combination of factors, including economic disadvantages, educational shortcomings, inadequate infrastructure, lack of support by legislators, the sheer isolation of living in remote rural areas, and frequent needs to share patient's information across hospitals.This paper analyzes a rural healthcare network in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and introduces the Security for Clinical Authorization and Authentication on Health Care Networks (SCAAHN) system. A centralized repository is configured to store health level 7 (HL7) data from various healthcare organizations affiliated with the common network. Standard Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) containing patient's information can be securely accessed by authenticated and authorized personnel throughout the healthcare network. The preliminary results indicate that SCAAHN within the rural healthcare architecture has enhanced the authentication and authorization of patient records, and provided secure access to patient's information via a web portal interface. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gray‐body approximation to continuous X‐ray spectra from scanning electron microscope
Authors: Tanigaki Takeshi , Kawai Jun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe background continuum spectra interfere the quantitative elemental analysis when using a scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) spectroscopy. This Bremsstrahlung spectra are fitted by gray‐body radiation spectra, which is a modified black‐body radiation; an emissivity depending on the frequency of a photon is multiplied by the black‐body radiation. The agreement becomes better compared with the black‐body spectra for ordinary analysis conditions for materials analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Cu segregation to oxide–metal interface of Ni‐based alloy in a metal‐dusting environment
Authors: Doi Takashi , Kitamura Kazuyuki , Nishiyama Yoshitaka , Otsuka Nobuo , Kudo Takeo , Sato Masugu , Ikenaga Eiji , Ueda Shigenori , Kobayashi Keisuke 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HX‐PES) has been realized using high‐brilliance synchrotron radiation. High‐energy photon excitation enables us to probe photoelectrons with larger escape depth compared to conventional PES. This allows us to conduct, without destruction, a study of the embedded interface of materials as the oxide‐ metal interface. We apply HX‐PES to investigate for Cu segregation in the oxide–metal interface during metal‐dusting corrosion. The effective concentration of Cu in the segregation was estimated a few times higher than the bulk concentration. These results on the interface layer can explain the variation in the corrosion resistance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward accurate characterization of nitrogen depth profiles in ultrathin oxynitride films
Authors: Jiang Z. X. , Kim K. , Sieloff D. D. , Luo T. Y. , Varghese A. , Triyoso D. H. , Guenther T. , Robichaud B. , Benavides J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGood accuracy in depth profile analyses of nitrogen in ultrathin oxynitride films is desirable for process development and routine process monitoring. Low energy SIMS is one of the techniques that has found success in the accurate characterization of thin oxynitride films. This work investigated the artifacts in a typical depth profile analysis of nitrogen with the current SIMS technique and the ways to improve the accuracy by selecting optimal analytical conditions. It was demonstrated that surface roughness developed rapidly in a SiO2/Si stack when it was bombarded with an O2+ beam at 250 eV and angle of incidence from 70 to 79° . The roughness caused distortion in the measured depth profiles of nitrogen and the major component elements. However, the above roughness and the distortion in the depth profiles can be eliminated by using a 250 eV O2+ beam at an angle of incidence above 80° . Depth profile analyses with a 250 eV 83° O2+ beam exhibited minimal surface roughening and insignificant variation in the secondary ion yield of SiN− from SiO2 bulk to the SiO2/Si interface, facilitating an accurate analysis of nitrogen distribution in a SiO2/Si stack. In addition, depth profiles of the major component elements such as 18O− and 28Si− delivered clear information on the location of the SiO2/Si interface. Using the new approach, we compared nitrogen distribution in thin SiNO films with the decoupled‐plasma nitridation (DPN) at various powers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notes on progress in structuring a research project measuring energy inputs into New Zealand apple production—combining hard and soft systems methods
Authors: Frater Thomas Gregory , Houston Donald James 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThese notes report progress in structuring a research project into New Zealand apple production. The broad objective of the research is to measure the energy inputs into New Zealand apple production. A subsidiary objective is to develop a robust methodology for measuring energy usage and carbon emissions at the farm level, and develop a strategy for reducing them. The production system under study is recognized as a complex system, and systems thinking models are appropriate for studying it. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How students design and enact physics lessons: Five immigrant caribbean youth and the cultivation of student voice
Authors: Basu Sreyashi Jhumki 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAn array of data suggests that low‐income, minority students are excluded from a high‐quality physics education. The education literature proposes that cultivating student voice in classrooms helps youth feel a deeper, more meaningful connection with school. However, limited data exist in the physics education literature on how student voice is expressed. The purpose of this study was to use critical ethnography to explore how student voice developed in the context of a ninth‐grade conceptual physics class. I developed case studies of five immigrant Caribbean youth from student, family and teacher interviews, participant observations and field notes. I relied on grounded theory as an analytic technique. Findings suggest that in expressing voice, youth designed lessons reflective of their identities, leveraged and enhanced their “epistemic” and “positional” authority (two new constructs I propose in this manuscript), and creatively utilized physics and school‐sponsored resources. This information about how students express voice has implications for how they learn physics, how critical theory is connected with physics classroom practice, and how student identity, shared authority and youth agency develop in physics classrooms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 881–899, 2008
The gap‐filling sequence on the left arm of chromosome 2 in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Sasaki Mayumi , Idiris Alimjan , Tada Aya , Kumagai Hiromichi , Giga‐Hama Yuko , Tohda Hideki 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe report a gap‐filling sequence between SPBPB21E7.09 (in contig c1348) and SPBPB10D8.01 (in contig pB10D8) on the left arm of chromosome 2 in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The sequence was determined from a BAC clone overlapping SPBPB21E7.01c (eno102) (in contig c1348) and SPBC1683.07 (mal1) (in contig pB10D8). The gap‐filling sequence is 17 881 bp in length and contains five putative open reading frames, which were systematically named as SPBC460.01c, SPBC460.02c, SPBC460.03, SPBC460.04c and SPBC460.05. Their deduced amino acid sequences respectively include protein motifs corresponding to amino acid permease, glutathione S‐transferase C‐terminal domain, taurine catabolism dioxygenase TauD TfdA family and major facilitator superfamily, whereas their functions are unknown. The sequence has been submitted to the international DNA database (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank) under Accession No. AB325691. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What is the impact of surgical expertise and how to get it?
Authors: Huirne Judith A. F. , Kennedy Robin , Stolzenberg Jens-Uwe , Brölmann Hans A. M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEvery surgeon will experience a learning curve while performing a new surgical procedure. Developing surgical training will shorten the learning curve, with less deleterious effects on patients during this period. There are exciting initiatives in different branches of surgical training that will be applicable across all surgical disciplines. These involve the combination of didactic repetitive training, coupled with skills training where it is applicable. These initiatives will help to move the focus, from developing technical excellence for a few individual surgeons to a more widespread approach in the training of complex laparoscopic surgery, resulting in considerable health benefits to patients.
Glucose‐Sensitive Liposomes Incorporating Hydrophobically Modified Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Jo Seong‐Min , Lee Hyeon Yong , Kim Jin‐Chul 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGlucose‐sensitive liposomes were prepared by incorporating hydrophobically modified glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4.) into the liposomal bilayer of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and cholesteryl hemisuccinate. For the release test, calcein, a fluorescence marker, was entrapped in the liposomes. The liposomes were stable under neutral conditions in terms of calcein release but an extensive release was observed under acidic conditions. In the experiment of glucose concentration‐dependent calcein release, no release was observed for 180 min when the suspension of liposome was free of glucose. With a glucose concentration of 50 mg/dL, no appreciable amount of calcein was released for the first 20 min, and then the release rate was accelerated. At 200 mg/dL glucose concentration which is diagnostic and indicative for insulin‐dependent diabetes, the lag time of calcein release became shorter and a faster response was obtained. When glucose concentration further increased to 400 mg/dL, the calcein release rate and the degree of release in 180 min were almost the same as the values when the glucose concentration was 200 mg/dL. The glucose concentration‐dependent release is due to pH change, since the suspension of liposomes became acidic during the release experiments.
Measuring and Modeling Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for a Soybean Oil, Oleic Acid, Ethanol, and Water System
Authors: Mohsen‐Nia Mohsen , Modarress Hamid , Nabavi Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2008

AbstractVegetable oils can be deacidified by liquid–liquid extraction based on differences in polarity between triglycerides and fatty acids and differences in solubility. Information on the equilibrium between the phases of such systems is important for designing separation processes. The present paper reports experimental data for the extraction of fatty acid from soybean oil by (ethanol + water) as a mixed‐solvent for system of soybean oil + oleic acid + ethanol + water at 30 °C at different water contents. The liquid–liquid equilibrium data of the systems were used to obtain interaction parameters in the universal quasi‐chemical theory (UNIQUAC) activity coefficient model. These parameters can be used to predict equilibrium data of ternary and quaternary systems. The deviations between experimental and calculated compositions in both phases for each system using this model were calculated. The distribution coefficients and the selectivity factors of solvents for extraction of fatty acid from oil at 30 °C were calculated. Increasing of the water content as the co‐solvent decreased the distribution coefficients and increased the selectivity factors of mixed‐solvents, therefore considering the economical and practical aspects the optimum water content may be used for extracting oleic acid from soybean oil. We concluded that (ethanol + water) as a mixed‐solvent can be used for extracting fatty acids from edible oils in a normal temperature.
Some synonyms in Chrysothrix and Lepraria
Authors: LAUNDON Jack Rodney 
Published: August 2008

Abstract:The genus Alysphaeria Turpin is typified; it belongs to Chrysothrix Mont. nom. cons. Five old unused names are added to the synonymy of Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon. Lepraria atrotomentosa Orange &amp; Wolseley is a synonym of L. cupressicola (Hue) J. R. Laundon, a new combination. Lepraria nigrocincta Diederich et al. is identical with the earlier L. yunnaniana (Hue) Zahlbr. and therefore also goes into synonymy.
Diel and seasonal courses of ambient carbon dioxide concentration and their effect on productivity of the epilithic lichen Lecanora muralis in a temperate, suburban habitat
Authors: LANGE Otto L. , GREEN T. G. Allan 
Published: August 2008

Abstract:Ambient CO2 concentration (together with CO2 exchange and microclimate) was recorded every 30 min for 15 months for Lecanora muralis growing in the Botanical Garden Würzburg (Germany, northern Bavaria), a habitat on the outskirts of the city. Annual mean CO2 was around 17 ppm higher than the global average reported for the time of measurement (361 ppm; 1995/96), and daily values ranged from 317 to 490 ppm. Diel courses of CO2 could be classified into three different types. Type A, when CO2 levels rose overnight and then fell strongly to below global levels during the day, which predominated in the summer (about 75 of days); Type B, irregular diel courses occurred during all seasons with often very rapid changes apparently due to advective CO2 transport; Type C, CO2 concentration was typically almost stable at generally between c. 330 and 430 ppm which predominated in the winter (63 of days).Under controlled conditions, CO2 saturation of net photosynthesis (NP) of L. muralis at optimal hydration and light occurred at around 1000 ppm. NP was also affected by low CO2 at limiting light and thallus water contents. Based upon these data, we estimated the improvement of NP of L. muralis due to transient increase of ambient CO2 (as compared with the global average) for one selected combination of environmental factors (nocturnal dew or frost). This combination is an important source of water for the lichen, resulting in 40 of its annual production and, especially in these situations, photosynthesis was increased by high ambient CO2 in the early morning under prevailing Type A conditions. After dew activation, light compensation point of NP occurred at an average concentration of 413 ppm and diel maxima of NP at 402 ppm. This allows a rough estimate that the transiently elevated CO2 increased the photosynthetic gain of the lichen after dew of 7, or an improvement to its annual carbon balance of about 3. Conditions, especially interrelationships between lichen hydration, light and CO2 are so complex that we are not yet able to extend our estimates to other environmental situations of photosynthetic activity of L. muralis.
Taxonomic revision of Xanthomendoza borealis and Xanthoria mawsonii (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)
Authors: LINDBLOM Louise , SØCHTING Ulrik 
Published: August 2008

Abstract:The xanthorioid taxa Xanthomendoza borealis and Xanthoria mawsonii are revised using morphological, anatomical, secondary chemical, and molecular characters. We conclude that most specimens determined as X. mawsonii from the Antarctic are conspecific with specimens labelled X. borealis from the Northern Hemisphere. Some specimens named X. mawsonii from the Antarctic are wrongly determined specimens of Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr, including the holotype of Xanthoria mawsonii C. W. Dodge. Accordingly, Xanthoria mawsonii C. W. Dodge is a synonym to Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. The only available correct name for the bipolar species, which comprises material previously determined as X. borealis and X. mawsonii, and is distinct from the more widespread taxon X. candelaria, is Xanthomendoza borealis (R. Sant. &amp; Poelt) Søchting, Kärnefelt &amp; S. Kondratyuk.
New species and new records of Enterographa ( Roccellaceae) from India
Authors: JAGADEESH RAM T. A. M. , SINHA G. P. , SINGH K. P. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract:Enterographa bengalensis, a new species is described from the mangrove reserve – Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal, India. It is characterized by the convergent punctiform to lirelliform ascomata, 12–15(–17) septate fusiform ascospores and the presence of psoromic acid. In addition, three species of the genus viz. E. anguinella (Nyl.) Redinger, E. divergens (Müll. Arg.) Redinger and E. multiseptata R. Sant. are also reported for the first time from India.
New species and combinations in The Lichens of the British Isles
Authors: COPPINS Brian J. , APTROOT André 
Published: August 2008

Abstract:The preparation of the new edition of The Lichen Flora of the British Isles necessitates the publication of several taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties. The following new species are described: Anisomeridium robustum (Monoblastiaceae), Antennulariella lichenisata (Antennulariellaceae), Fellhanera duplex (Pilocarpaceae), Gyalideopsis crenulata (Gomphillaceae), Micarea farinosa (Pilocarpaceae) and Xerotrema quercicola (Odontotremataceae). Antennulariella lichenisata is the first lichenized member of the order Capnodiales to be described. The following new combinations are proposed: Bacidia squamellosa, Catillaria lobariicola, Collemopsidium arenisedum, C. argilospilum, C. caesium, C. chlorococcum, C. monense, C. subarenisedum, Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata, Pyrenocarpon thelostomum, Topeliopsis azorica, and Verrucaria nigrescens f. tectorum.