bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of machine learning-based prediction models of inadequate postoperative analgesia after noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhan Gaofeng , Yan Xu , Sun Rao , Hu Liu , Xu Qiaoqiao , Yan Jing , Li Shiyong , Luo Ailin , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Early identification of high-risk patients with inadequate postoperative analgesia is crucial in noncardiac surgery. This study aimed to develop prediction models for inadequate postoperative analgesia in noncardiac surgery using machine learning algorithms.
Methods
This article reports on a study that enrolled 199,517 adult patients who underwent noncardiac surgery. The discovery cohort included patients who had surgical procedures performed between June 2018 and April 2022, while the validation cohort included those who had surgeries between May 2022 and October 2022. Machine learning algorithms such as logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), eXtreme gradient boosting tree (XGBoost), artificial neural network (ANN), and gradient boosting machine (GBM) were used to develop predictive models of inadequate postoperative analgesia based on perioperative variables.
Results
The overall prevalence of inadequate postoperative analgesia was 18.1%. Among the five machine learning algorithms we considered, GBM performed the best performance, with an AUROC value of 0.831 [95% CI, 0.827–0.834]. The SHAP analysis showed that surgery duration, type of surgery, anesthesia method, intraoperative fluid management, and use of hormones were the strongest five predictors. In addition, we observed that as the number of predicted features gradually decreased from all to 20, the performance of the prediction model exhibited only a marginal decline from 0.83 to 0.81.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the GBM algorithm demonstrated superior predictive performance in comparison to all other algorithms utilized. Screening for inadequate postoperative analgesia based on the prediction model could improve postoperative pain management.
Chakravyuha: A Scheme to Resist Fast Correlation Attack for Word Oriented LFSR based Stream Cipher
Authors: Nandi Subrata , Krishnaswamy Srinivasan , GS Nitesh Narayana , Mitra Pianki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In LFSR-based stream ciphers, the knowledge of the feedback equation of the LFSR plays a critical role in most attacks. In word-based stream ciphers such as those in the SNOW series, even if the feedback configuration is hidden, knowing the characteristic polynomial of the state transition matrix of the LFSR enables the attacker to create a feedback equation over GF(2).This, in turn, can be used to launch Fast Correlation Attacks. In this work, we propose a method for hiding both the feedback equation of a word-based LFSR and the characteristic polynomial of the state transition matrix. Here, we employ az-primitive σ-LFSR whose characteristic polynomial is randomly sampled from the distribution of primitive polynomials over GF(2) of the appropriate degree. We propose an algorithm for locating z-primitive σ-LFSR configurations of a given degree. Further, an invertible matrix is generated from the key. This is then employed to generate a public parameter to retrieve the feedback configuration using the key. If the key size is $n$- bits, the process of retrieving the feedback equation from the public parameter has an average time complexity O(2n−1). The proposed method has been tested on SNOW 3G for resistance to Fast Correlation Attacks. In addition to that, the scheme withstands other attacks like Algebraic Attacks, Distinguishing Attacks, Guess and Determine Attacks. We have demonstrated that the security of SNOW 2.0 and SNOW 3G increases from 128 bits to 256 bits
Deciphering the Genetic and Environmental Nexus of Air Pollution, Personality Traits, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Multi-Faceted Genomic Analysis
Authors: Feng Yu , Jia Ningning , Xiao Chenxu , Shen Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The intricate relationship between air pollution and psychiatric disorders is a subject of increasing concern, given the profound impact these elements have on individuals and society. Recent studies have implicated air pollution, a significant environmental issue, in affecting mental health both directly and indirectly. Through a comprehensive analysis involving genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that examine data on common air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NOx, NO2) and various psychiatric disorders along with personality traits, researchers have delved deep into the genetic interplay underlying these connections. Utilizing advanced statistical tools like linkage disequilibrium score regression, GenomicSEM, and Mendelian randomization, among others, this study has revealed a complex genetic correlation between air pollution levels and mental health disorders. Key findings include the identification of genetic factors through GenomicSEM that link air pollution with psychiatric disorders, and the discovery of 142 loci using a multi-trait analysis approach that connects air pollution directly to psychiatric conditions. The study also highlighted significant genetic loci, such as those in the 5q21.2 region, which show a strong correlation with both air pollution and psychiatric disorders, suggesting that certain areas of the genome may be particularly susceptible to environmental influences on mental health. Moreover, the research suggests that air pollution may affect mental health indirectly by influencing personality traits like mood swings, loneliness, and a general sense of dissatisfaction. This underlines the complex ways in which environmental factors can intertwine with genetic predispositions to impact mental well-being. The insights gained from this study are crucial for understanding the multifaceted interactions between environmental pollution and psychiatric health, pointing towards the urgent need to address air quality as part of broader mental health strategies.
MC simulation in shor algorithm
Authors: Ho Nam-Chol , Yun Nam-Jin , Ri Su-Bok , Jang Gyong-Song , Kim Won Gwan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We suggest a new algorithm for large number’s factorization to simulate Shor algorithm on a classical computer by using QFT. On the basis of this algorithm, we establish a way of MC simulation to resolve large number into factors.
A causal relationship between sleep behaviour and osteoporosis: a two-sample reverse-mediated Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Wang Yunqing , Li Gang , Liu Jiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
In recent years, there have been more and more clinical observational studies on sleep behaviour and osteoporosis, but the causal relationship between sleep behaviour and osteoporosis at the genetic level, and whether there are mediating factors between the two is still unclear.
Methods
From the published GWAS data, seven sleep behaviours were selected as exposure factors: insomnia, sleep time, getting up in the morning, napping during the day, sleep type (early/late rise), narcolepsy and snoring. Bone mineral density of heel (H-BMD), forearm (FA-BMD), lumbar vertebra (LS-BMD) and femoral neck (FN-BMD) were the outcome factors. The causal relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) was analyzed through Mendelian randomization.
Results
The results of a two-sample Mendelian randomization study showed that snoring was positively correlated with lumbar bone density (OR = 1.555, 95%CI: 1.189–2.032, P = 0.001). The results of reverse Mendelian randomization showed that lumbar bone density was not the cause of snoring (P = 0.466). Mediating Mendelian randomization studies showed that both LDL cholesterol and triglycerides had mediating effects on sleep behaviour and bone density (OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87–0.98, P = 5.56e-3) (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.09–01.26, P = 3.72e-5).
Conclusions
Our study shows that snoring is a factor affecting lumbar bone density, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride play an intermediary role in it. Therefore, correcting snoring and controlling low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride index should be included in the clinical regimen for preventing and treating bone mineral density decline.
Effect of traditional Chinese Yijinjing exercise on hand dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chang Tian , Ma Xieli , Gong Xun , Jiang Quan , Zhang Rouman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients suffer from hand dysfunction. Exercise has been shown to affect pain, function and quality of life, as recommended by guidelines. Yijinjing is a traditional Chinese exercise that is beneficial to mind-body health. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yijinjing for preventing hand dysfunction in RA patients.
Methods: This was a single-center, randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which the outcome assessors were blinded. RA participants who met the eligibility criteria (n = 66) were randomly assigned to the exercise (n = 33) or control (n = 33) group. The former underwent professional Yijinjing exercise three times a week for 12 weeks. The latter maintained ordinary activities without intervention. All outcomes, including the Michigan Hand Function Scale (MHQ), handgrip strength, active range of motion (AROM), RA disease activity (DAS28-ESR), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ), anxiety and depression mental status, and wrist ultrasound, were obtained at baseline and after 12 weeks.
Results: The MHQs of the exercise group significantly improved
compared with those in the control group at 12 weeks (p<0.05), with improvements in handgrip strength and active joint range of motion (wrist extension, radial deviation, and metacarpophalangeal flexion) (p<0.05). Although the difference was not statistically significant, the ultrasound score of the exercise group did not increase (p>0.05). The morning stiffness duration, DAS28-ESR, ESR, and CRP level were significantly greater in the exercise group than in the control group (p<0.05). For the quality of life, anxiety, and depression scores, both groups presented improvements compared with the baseline group (p<0.05), while the exercise group was clearly better than the control group (p<0.05). Following the 12-week intervention, neither group experienced any adverse events or substantial abnormalities in their vital signs according to ECG.
Conclusion: Yijinjing exercise can improve hand function and enhance handgrip strength and flexibility in RA patients with low disease activity while ameliorating quality of life and alleviating anxiety and depression while safe and not aggravating joint inflammation.
Clinical trial registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05527158], Identifier [NCT05527158].
Usefulness of interim contrast-enhanced breast MRI for predicting response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Kato Eri , Sasada Shinsuke , Masumoto Norio , Emi Akiko , Shigematsu Hideo , Okada Morihito , Kadoya Takayuki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In breast cancer patients, contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is usually performed after completing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to determine treatment efficacy. We compared the ability of MRI conducted during the interim phase (interim MRI) with that of MRI conducted after NAC (post-NAC MRI) to predict treatment response.
Methods
In this retrospective study, 260 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent NAC between April 2010 and December 2020 and who had undergone MRI before, during, and after NAC were included. Most patients received taxane and anthracycline sequentially, while human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cases also received anti-HER2 agents.
Results
Sixty-five patients (25%) demonstrated a pathological complete response (pCR). The sensitivity and specificity of interim MRI for predicting pCR in all patients were 84% and 83%, respectively, which were comparable with those of post-NAC MRI (88% and 64%, respectively). Its sensitivity and specificity in luminal-type breast cancer were 95% and 50%, respectively, and those in HER2-positive breast cancer were 77% and 73%, respectively, while those in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases were 94% and 89%, respectively. Twenty-nine (83%) of 35 cases diagnosed with clinical complete response (cCR) by interim MRI achieved pCR, whereas 25 (93%) of the 27 HER2-positive type or TNBC cases achieved pCR. Similarly, 189 (84%) of 225 cases indicated as non-cCR by interim MRI were non-pCR, whereas 94 (95%) of 99 non-cCR luminal-type cases were non-pCR.
Conclusion
Interim MRI could predict treatment response at an early stage in breast cancer patients receiving NAC.
Demographic and biographical data from cancer patients of a national online self-help forum
Authors: Hentze Antonia , Keinki Christian , Walter Stefanie , Hübner Jutta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Our study aimed to identify the members of Germany’s largest self-help forum, understanding their characteristics, and addressing their needs effectively.
Methods: The sociodemographic and cancer-specific data of 7,171 members were extracted from the forum, categorised, and analysed in January 2023.
Results: The members had an average age of 51.5 years, with 84% women and 1.8% men. In terms of occupation, 18.7% worked in administration and office work, 17.7% in healthcare and 11.7% in education and research. Regarding leisure activities, 49.9% were involved in sports and 41.3% in knowledge building. The most common cancers were breast cancer (71.9%), adnexal tumours (6.3%), and gastrointestinal tumours (4.1%). Common metastases included bone (31.3%), liver (22.1%), and lung (11.6%). Most cases had low T-stages, intermediate grading, and low lymph node involvement. The hormone receptor status showed 38.8% were oestrogen receptor positive, 50.6% triple-negative, and 22.9% HER2/neu receptor positive. Cancer treatment compromised surgery (87.2%), cancer drugs (45.7%), endocrine therapy (27.8%), and radiotherapy (34.7%).
Conclusion: The FSH online forum supports a diverse group of cancer patients, especially those with breast cancer. Moderation ensures a secure environment for sharing and finding like-minded individuals. As barriers to digital information use may decrease over time, healthcare professionals should recommend online forums for cancer support. Physicians, nurses, and cancer centres can help by including these forums in their recommended resources for patients.
Implications for Cancer Survivors: Online cancer self-help forums offer valuable information for cancer survivors and enable mutual exchange, using well-moderated, high-quality platforms.
Role of Wind and Waves in Shaping the Coastal Environment in Central Kerala, India: A Pre-monsoon Study
Authors: Shankar Vasudevan , R Sajeev 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study analyzes wind and wave data from the coastal region of central Kerala during the years 2015 and 2016 to investigate the impact of wind patterns and wave characteristics on the coastal environment before the onset of the monsoon season. It is essential to comprehend these factors when evaluating coastal conditions, sea state, and regional wind scale. In particular, the study focuses on Shamal events, which are characterized by northwesterly winds and lead to significant changes in wave height and period. In addition, the daily cycle of the sea breeze, which plays a key role in the change of wind speed and wave height at the coast, is investigated. While local wind patterns such as the sea breeze influence wave development, the land breeze from the northeast has minimal impact due to limited fetch. The study emphasizes the importance of the Shamal waves and the intensity and duration of the sea breeze for sediment transport along the coast. Overall, this study emphasizes the significance of meteorological conditions, especially wind patterns and their impact on waves, for coastal processes during the pre-monsoon season.
Prevalence and predictors of Eating Disorders’ risk in medical students at Damascus University: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nahas Lujain , Mohamad Lama , Soqia Jameel , Agha Laila Yakoub , Nahas Mehdy , Alsaid Bayan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Eating disorders are among the most important psychiatric problems, and they are triggered by a complex network of factors. These disorders also seem to affect medical field students far more than others.
Objective: To determine the point prevalence of the risk of disordered eating behaviors in medical students at Damascus University and to study the possible reasons for this risk.
Methods: A cross-sectional study at Damascus University, Faculty of Medicine, was carried out between October and December of 2023. Data were collected from randomly sampled students from the second to sixth years via online surveys using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and the Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaires as primary screening tools. Binary logistic regression was used to determine possible influencing factors on eating disorders.
Results: Among the 829 participants, 11.3% had a greater risk of disordered eating behavior according to the EAT-26, and 20.3% had a greater risk according to the SCOFF. The average age was 21.29 years (1.76), and 67.6% of the participants’ body mass index (BMI) was within the normal range. Preclinical-aged female students (OR=1.89, p=0.009 for SCOFF and OR=0.66, p=0.017 for SCOFF) were at greater risk. Another important correlation was found between BMI and exposure to recent stressors (p<0.001 in both comparisons). However, age did not demonstrate any traceable importance (p=0.17) in addition to living or marital status (p=0.13 and p=0.18, respectively).
Conclusion: There is a risk of developing eating disorders among medical students, which might go unrecognized due to a lack of awareness of the importance of their detection. This risk also seems to stem from multiple risk factors that still require further research. Improving the relationship with psychological disorders and working on changing their rooted stigmatization will most likely prevent the escalation of these disorders in the future.
Systemic antibiotic treatment of cows with metritis early postpartum does not change the progression of uterine disease or the uterine microbiome at 1 month postpartum
Authors: Moraes Joao Gabriel Nascimento , Gull Tamara B. , Ericsson Aaron C. , Caldeira Monica O. , Evans Tim J. , Poock Scott E. , Lucy Matthew C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Postpartum uterine disease (metritis) is common in dairy cows. The disease develops within 1 week after calving and is associated with microbial dysbiosis, fever, and fetid uterine discharge. Cows with metritis have a greater likelihood of developing endometritis and infertility later postpartum. Antibiotic treatment is used to relieve symptoms of metritis but the capacity of antibiotic treatment to improve fertility later postpartum is inconsistent across published studies. We hypothesized that an antibiotic has only a short-term effect on the uterine microbiome and does not change the progression of disease from metritis to endometritis. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of systemic antibiotic given to cows diagnosed with metritis and healthy cows early postpartum on the development of endometritis and the uterine microbiome at 1 month postpartum.
Results: Cows diagnosed with metritis were compared to healthy ones in a 2 x 2 factorial design, where they were either treated with an antibiotic (ceftiofur hydrochloride) at 7 to 10 days postpartum or left untreated. Cows were slaughtered at one month postpartum and the uterus was assessed for endometritis (presence of purulent material in the uterine lumen and inflammation in the endometrium) and uterine samples were collected for bacteriology and metagenomics (16S rRNA gene sequencing). As expected, the uterine microbiome at disease diagnosis had dysbiosis of typical metritis pathogens (e.g., Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas) in diseased compared with healthy cows. At one month postpartum, there was a tendency for more endometritis in metritis cows compared with healthy but antibiotic treatment had no effect on endometritis prevalence regardless of the original disease diagnosis. Likewise, when bacteria were cultured or sequenced, there were a greater number of species (culture) or amplicon sequence variants (ASV; sequencing) in the uterine lumen of cows with metritis. However, antibiotic treatment had no effect on the prevalence of cultured species or the composition of the detected ASV. The uterine microbiome at 1 month postpartum was associated with the clinical observation of the uterus (endometritis or healthy).
Conclusions: Early postpartum antibiotic treatment only provides temporary resolution of uterine dysbiosis that is not sustained long-term. Failure to resolve the dysbiosis is associated with a greater prevalence of endometritis in cows with metritis, and the occurrence of endometritis significantly impacts fertility later postpartum.
Zn-Co needle-grass shape nanostructure in-situ grown on porous Nickle foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient HER
Authors: Xiao Linfeng , Han Jing , Liang Boyu , Deng Wenqiang , Hong Yan , Du Jie , Liao Runhua , Fu Lichun , Xie Zhixiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Due to the low cost and abundant reserves of transition metals, there is an urgent need for the design and fabrication of transition metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in order to facilitate hydrogen production. In this study, we present a self-supported needle-grass shaped Zn-Co composition on porous Nickel foam (NF) through typical hydrothermal synthesis. The Zn-Co/NF electrodes exhibit highly efficient HER performance in 1.0 M KOH alkaline solution. Specifically, the ZC (1:4)/NF catalyst requires only 98 mV overpotential at a current density of 50 mA cm− 2 due to the synergistic effect between the Zn-Co composition and Ni layers. Furthermore, stability tests reveal that after 1000 continuous cycles with a scan rate of 20 mV s− 1, there is only slight change observed in the LSV curves of ZC (1:4)/NF catalysts. This work provides a novel strategy for designing and fabricating efficient HER electrocatalysts.