bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatic screening of human ESTs for differentially expressed genes in normal and tumor tissues
Authors: Aouacheria Abdel , Navratil Vincent , Barthelaix Audrey , Mouchiroud Dominique , Gautier Christian 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Owing to the explosion of information generated by human genomics, analysis of publicly available databases can help identify potential candidate genes relevant to the cancerous phenotype. The aim of this study was to scan for such genes by whole-genome in silico subtraction using Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) data.

Methods
Genes differentially expressed in normal versus tumor tissues were identified using a computer-based differential display strategy. Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, was selected for confirmation by western blot analysis.

Results
Our genome-wide expression analysis identified a set of genes whose differential expression may be attributed to the genetic alterations associated with tumor formation and malignant growth. We propose complete lists of genes that may serve as targets for projects seeking novel candidates for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Our validation result showed increased protein levels of Bcl-xL in two different liver cancer specimens compared to normal liver. Notably, our EST-based data mining procedure indicated that most of the changes in gene expression observed in cancer cells corresponded to gene inactivation patterns. Chromosomes and chromosomal regions most frequently associated with aberrant expression changes in cancer libraries were also determined.

Conclusion
Through the description of several candidates (including genes encoding extracellular matrix and ribosomal components, cytoskeletal proteins, apoptotic regulators, and novel tissue-specific biomarkers), our study illustrates the utility of in silico transcriptomics to identify tumor cell signatures, tumor-related genes and chromosomal regions frequently associated with aberrant expression in cancer.
Does population screening for Chlamydia trachomatisraise anxiety among those tested? Findings from a population based chlamydia screening study
Authors: Campbell Rona , Mills Nicola , Sanford Emma , Graham Anna , Low Nicola , Peters Tim J ,   the Chlamydia Screening Studies (ClaSS) Group
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
The advent of urine testing for Chlamydia trachomatis has raised the possibility of large-scale screening for this sexually transmitted infection, which is now the most common in the United Kingdom. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an invitation to be screened for chlamydia and of receiving a negative result on levels of anxiety, depression and self-esteem.

Methods
19,773 men and women aged 16 to 39 years, selected at random from 27 general practices in two large city areas (Bristol and Birmingham) were invited by post to send home-collected urine samples or vulvo-vaginal swabs for chlamydia testing. Questionnaires enquiring about anxiety, depression and self-esteem were sent to random samples of those offered screening: one month before the dispatch of invitations; when participants returned samples; and after receiving a negative result.

Results
Home screening was associated with an overall reduction in anxiety scores. An invitation to participate did not increase anxiety levels. Anxiety scores in men were lower after receiving the invitation than at baseline. Amongst women anxiety was reduced after receipt of negative test results. Neither depression nor self-esteem scores were affected by screening.

Conclusion
Postal screening for chlamydia does not appear to have a negative impact on overall psychological well-being and can lead to a decrease in anxiety levels among respondents. There is, however, a clear difference between men and women in when this reduction occurs.
Perceptions of young women using SSRI antidepressants — a reclassification of stigma
Authors: Knudsen Pia , Hansen Ebba Holme , Traulsen Janine M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Objective
To contribute to an understanding of young women's perspective on using selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Method
Eight in-depth interviews and four re-interviews were conducted with young women (aged 21–34) using SSRIs. Informants were recruited through pharmacies in Copenhagen, Denmark. Pharmacy personnel identified potential participants based on dispensed prescriptions and gave them a contact letter with information about the study.

Key findings
When suffering from emotional problems, the women saw themselves as dysfunctional in their daily lives. They felt that they deviated from what is considered “normal” in society and thus felt stigmatised. When the women contacted their physicians they were prescribed SSRIs. After starting the medication, the women felt that they could once again function in everyday life and they felt relieved. However, the women also associated taking SSRIs with Stigmatisation due to the reputation of the medicines as “happiness pills” and the association with mental instability. The women concealed their emotional problems and medication from most people in their social networks. This was the result of the women's own anticipation of being stigmatised and their fear of negative reactions from others if they revealed the truth.

Conclusion
The young women using SSRIs felt stigmatised, initially due to their emotional problems. After the women were diagnosed, the stigma was reclassified and then became associated with taking SSRIs. The women coped primarily by trying to pass for normal. Our findings show that the SSRI users attach psychological and social meanings to their use of the drugs. Pharmacy professionals need to be aware of such meanings if they are to enhance their role in patient care.
Synthesis of Medium-Sized Bicyclic Compounds by Intramolecular Cyclization of Cyclic β-Keto Radicals Generated from Cyclopropanols Using Manganese(III) Tris(2-pyridinecarboxylate)
Authors: Iwasawa Nobuharu , Funahashi Masahiro , Hayakawa Satoshi , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Bicyclic cyclopropanols having olefinic side chain are oxidized with Mn(pic)3 to generate cyclic β-keto radicals with ring-expansion, which cyclize intramolecularly affording bicyclic radical intermediates. The cyclized radicals are trapped with various radical-trapping reagents such as electron-rich or -deficient olefins, tributyltin hydride and diphenyl diselenide to give the corresponding functionalized products.
Direct Preparation of Guanidine from Trichloroacetamide. A Potentially Important Method to (−)-Tetrodotoxin
Authors: Yamamoto Noboru , Isobe Minoru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Trichloroacetamides obtained via Overman [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement were converted into dibenzyl guanidines. The key step was conversion of carbodiimide intermediate into guanidine by scandium or ytterbium trifluoromethane-sulfonates. This method was applied to a synthesis of guanidinium ring of (−)-tetrodotoxin.
Enzymatic Bromo-ether Cyclization of Laurediols with Bromoperoxidase
Authors: Fukuzawa Akio , Aye Mya , Takasugi Yasunori , Nakamura Masao , Tamura Mamoru , Murai Akio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Natural (3E,6R,7R)- and (3Z,6S,7S)-laurediols were subjected to enzymatic reaction with the partially purified bromoperoxidase from the red alga, Laurencia nipponica, in the presence of H2O2 and NaBr to afford laurencin and prelaureatin, respectively. The further reaction of these products with bromoperoxidase gave rise to the bicyclic bromo-ethers.
Selective Adsorption of Copper(II) over Iron(III) on Chitosan Derivative Introducing Pyridyl Group
Authors: Baba Yoshinari , Masaaki Koichi , Kawano Yoshinobu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Crosslinked N-(2-pyridylmethyl)chitosan(=PMC) with lower affinity for iron(III) was synthesized to improve the selectivity of copper(II)/iron(III). Compared with that of the crosslinked copper-complexed chitosan, the order of selectivity of copper(II)/iron(III) was reversed. Copper(II) was selectively adsorbed on PMC at a lower pH by 4 units over iron(III) from 1 mol dm−3 aqueous ammonium nitrate solution.
Quality of Medication Records and Use of Pharmacy Resources in Community Residential Care Facilities
Authors: Gray Shelly L , Odegard Peggy S , Sales Anne EB , Young Heather M , Sullivan Jean H , Hedrick Susan C 
Published: April 2006

Background: In community residential care (CRC) facilities, medication administration is often performed by unlicensed personnel with minimal knowledge in medication use. Medication management is one of the top 3 quality-of-care issues facing these facilities. Objective: To examine the type of medication assistance residents received, determine the proportion of facilities that used pharmacy resources, and examine the quality of facility medication records in CRC facilities (eg, adult family homes, adult residential care, assisted living facilities). Methods: Baseline in-person interviews were conducted with 349 residents and 299 facility providers in the Puget Sound region of Washington. Information was also obtained from facility medication records at enrollment and state databases. A pharmacist determined quality of the records using a standardized form. Results: The average resident was a 78-year-old white female taking 7 drugs. Medication records that were computer generated were significantly less likely to have misspelled names of drugs and errors in or absence of dose, directions for use, and route of administration. Overall, 26.3% of facilities reported that a consultant pharmacist reviewed residents' medication lists, 52.0% reported the use of preprinted lists, and 75.6% received prepackaged medications from the pharmacy. Adult family homes, the smallest facility type, were the least likely to use pharmacy-related services. Conclusions: The quality of handwritten medication records was a concern in CRC facilities. These facilities may benefit from services offered by pharmacies that may enhance medication management, many of which were underutilized.
Type of Preexisting Lipid Therapy Predicts LDL-C Response to Ezetimibe
Authors: Meyers Charles D , Moon Yong SK , Ghanem Hoda , Wong Nathan D 
Published: April 2006

Background: Ezetimibe as monotherapy or in combination with statins effectively lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, there are few reports of ezetimibe's effect when added to ongoing non-statin lipid-lowering drugs or combination lipid-lowering therapy. Objective: To evaluate the impact of preexisting lipid therapy on LDL-C response to ezetimibe. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients started on ezetimibe therapy at the Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System between March 1, 2003, and March 1, 2005. We calculated the ezetimibe-induced percent change in LDL-C in patients without concomitant changes in other lipid-lowering medications. We then stratified the population according to the type and number of preexisting lipid therapies and compared the LDL-C–lowering efficacy of ezetimibe among these groups. Results: Overall, ezetimibe was associated with a 23.0% reduction in LDL-C. Patients with preexisting statin monotherapy had significantly greater LDL-C reduction with ezetimibe than did those with preexisting non-statin drugs (–26.1% vs –9.3%; p = 0.0138). In patients with no preexisting lipid therapy (n = 58), monotherapy (n = 115), double therapy (n = 36), or triple therapy (n = 9), ezetimibe decreased LDL-C by 17.3%, 21.4%, 33.5%, and 38.1%, respectively. This stepwise trend in increased ezetimibe efficacy was statistically significant, even with adjustments for baseline LDL-C. Conclusions: Ezetimibe's LDL-C–lowering effects are most pronounced when added to preexisting combination lipid therapy. It appears to be more effective when added to statin therapy compared with other lipid-lowering therapies.
Delayed Osteotomy but Not Fracture Healing in Pediatric Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patients Receiving Pamidronate
Authors: Munns Craig FJ , Rauch Frank , Zeitlin Leonid , Fassier François , Glorieux Francis H 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
This study evaluated factors influencing fracture (n = 197) and osteotomy (n = 200) healing in children with moderate to severe OI. Pamidronate treatment was associated with delayed healing after osteotomy, but not after fracture. The data suggest that both pamidronate and mechanical factors influence bone healing in this cohort.
Introduction: Intravenous pamidronate is widely used to treat children with moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). However, the effect of this treatment on bone healing is not well characterized. We therefore retrospectively analyzed the healing of lower limb fractures and osteotomies in children with moderate to severe OI, both before and after the start of pamidronate treatment.
Materials and Methods: Bone healing was evaluated on standard radiographs after 197 lower limb fractures (132 femur and 65 tibia) in 82 patients (age at fracture, 0.0–19.9 years) and 200 intramedullary rodding procedures in 79 patients (age at surgery, 1.2–19.8 years). Delayed healing was diagnosed when a fracture or osteotomy line was at least partially visible 12 months after the event.
Results: Delayed fracture healing was observed more frequently during than before pamidronate treatment. However, the effect of pamidronate was no longer significant when age differences were taken into account (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% CI, 0.61–5.10). Better mobility status was a strong independent predictor of delayed healing after fractures that occurred during pamidronate treatment. After osteotomies, delayed healing was more frequent when pamidronate had been started before surgery (OR, 7.29; 95% CI, 2.62–20.3), and this effect persisted after adjustment for multiple confounders. During pamidronate treatment, older age (OR per year of age, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06–1.47) and osteotomy of the tibia (OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.57–7.82) were independent predictors of delayed healing.
Conclusions: This study suggests that pamidronate therapy is associated with delayed healing of osteotomy sites after intramedullary rodding procedures. Better mobility status, but not pamidronate treatment, seems to be predictive of delayed healing after fractures.
Common Genetic Variation of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5 and 6 Genes Determines Fracture Risk in Elderly White Men
Authors: van Meurs Joyce BJ , Rivadeneira Fernando , Jhamai Mila , Hugens Wendy , Hofman Albert , van Leeuwen Johannes PTM , Pols Huibert AP , Uitterlinden André G 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Both LRP5 and LRP6 genes have been implicated to play a role in bone metabolism. In a large population-based study, we related common variation in both genes to bone parameters and fractures. LRP5 variation was associated to both BMD and frame size, whereas both LRP5 and 6 variations were associated with an increased fracture risk in males.
Introduction: The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene has a clear role in rare BMD traits and also in normal variation in peak BMD. We examined whether common variation in LRP5 and its close homolog, LRP6, plays a role in BMD in old age and fractures, the main clinical endpoint of osteoporosis.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed four variants of LRP5 and one amino acid variant of the LRP6 gene in a large prospective population-based cohort study of elderly subjects.
Results and Conclusions: In men, the LRP5 1330-valine variant was associated with decreased BMD at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck with evidence for an allele-dose effect (p = 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). The Val allele was also associated with decreased vertebral body size and femoral neck width. Haplotype analysis of studied polymorphisms did not improve the association found and suggested that the 1330 variant was driving the association. We observed a borderline significant association of the LRP6Ile1062Val polymorphism with height and vertebral body size in males. Male carriers of the LRP5 1330-valine variant had a 60% increased risk for fragility fractures, and the LRP61062-valine allele also conferred a 60% higher risk. Carriers of both the risk alleles of LRP5 and 6 had a 140% (p = 0.004) higher risk compared with noncarriers of both risk alleles and accounted for 10% of the fractures in males. The fracture risks were independent of age, height, weight, and BMD. In women, all of these associations were weaker and less consistent compared with men. The polymorphisms that were found associated were both situated in potentially important domains of the receptor and show considerable evolutionary conservation, which is evidence for functional importance of these residues.
Large-Scale Population-Based Study Shows No Evidence of Association Between Common Polymorphism of the VDR Gene and BMD in British Women
Authors: Macdonald Helen M , McGuigan Fiona E , Stewart Alison , Black Alison J , Fraser William D , Ralston Stuart , Reid David M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The VDR is a candidate gene for osteoporosis. Here we studied five common polymorphisms of VDR in relation to calcium intake and vitamin D status in a population-based cohort of 3100 British women, but found no significant association with bone mass, bone loss, or fracture.
Introduction: Population studies of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have produced conflicting results. We performed a comprehensive study dealing with all potential confounders in a large population to determine whether polymorphisms in the VDR gene influence bone health.
Materials and Methods: We studied 3100 women (50-63 years old) with bone markers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, PTH, diet, and physical activity collected in 1998–2000. BMD was measured in 1990–1994 and 1998–2000. Fracture prevalence was assessed in 2002. Women were genotyped for five polymorphisms in the VDR gene: Cdx-2, Fok1, Bsm1, Apa1, and Taq1. The relationship between VDR and BMD, and interactions between VDR genotype, dietary calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, were examined using analysis of covariance.
Results: Compared with carriers of the G allele, homozygotes for the rare Cdx-2A polymorphism (n = 136) had less bone loss (−0.5 ± 1.2 versus −0.7 ± 1.0%/year {SD}; p = 0.01) and lower PTH (3.0 ± 1.6 versus 3.4 ± 2.0 pM; p = 0.03) despite similar vitamin D status. The association was not significant after correction for multiple testing or adjustment for confounders. At low calcium intakes, AA homozygotes had greater femoral neck (FN) BMD compared with carriers of the G allele, but at higher calcium intakes, the association was reversed. At low calcium intake, homozygotes for the b allele of Bsm1 had greater BMD compared with carriers of the B allele, but at higher calcium intakes, there was no difference. Similar results were seen for the Taq1 polymorphism. There was no evidence of gene-nutrient interaction when adjusted for body weight. No interactions between genotypes and vitamin D status on BMD were observed.
Conclusions: VDR does not seem to influence BMD or bone turnover in early postmenopausal white women with adequate calcium intake. Gene-nutrient interactions on BMD may be an indirect consequence of interactions between genotype and calcium intake on weight.
Low Protein Intake Is Associated With Impaired Titanium Implant Osseointegration
Authors: Dayer Romain , Rizzoli René , Kaelin André , Ammann Patrick 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Low protein intake is highly prevalent among orthopaedic elderly patients. We studied the effects of an isocaloric low protein diet on the resistance to pull-out of titanium rods implanted into rats proximal tibia. Isocaloric low protein intake impairs titanium implant osseointegration, with a decreased strength needed to completely loose the implant and altered bone microarchitecture in its vicinity.
Introduction: Low protein intake is highly prevalent among elderly patients in orthopaedic wards and could retard fracture healing. It was previously shown that reduced protein intake decreases bone strength. Whether dietary protein intake could influence titanium implant osseointegration is unknown. We studied the effects of an isocaloric low protein diet on the resistance to pull-out of titanium rods implanted into rats proximal tibia.
Materials and Methods: Forty-eight 11-month-old female rats were fed isocaloric diets containing 2.5% (low protein) or 15% (normal protein) casein from 2 weeks before the implantation of a 1-mm-diameter cylindrical titanium rod in the proximal metaphysis of each tibia. Four, 6, and 8 weeks after implantation, the tibias were removed for μCT histomorphometry to quantify bone-to-implant contact and bone trabecular microarchitecture around the implant. Resistance to implant pull-out was tested by recording the maximal force necessary to completely loosen the implant.
Results: Pull-out strength was significantly lower in rats fed an isocaloric low protein diet by 6 and 8 weeks after implantation (−43%, p &lt; 0.001 and −42%, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) compared with rats fed a normal protein diet. Bone-to-implant contact was significantly lower in the low protein group 8 weeks after implantation (p &lt; 0.05). Bone-to-implant contact and pull-out strength were correlated (r2 = 0.57, p &lt; 0.0001). BV/TV around the implant was 19.9 ± 2.2% (SE) versus 31.8 ± 3.3% (p &lt; 0.05) at 6 weeks and 20.1 ± 1.9% versus 29.8 ± 3.2% (p &lt; 0.05) at 8 weeks after implantation in the low protein and normal protein intake groups, respectively. Trabecular thickness was 96.2 ± 3.7 versus 113.0 ± 3.6 μm (p &lt; 0.01) at 6 weeks and 101.4 ± 2.7 versus 116.2 ± 3.3 μm (p &lt; 0.01) at 8 weeks in the corresponding groups. In a structure model index analysis, there was a significant shift to a more rod-like pattern in the low protein diet groups. All these changes were associated with lower plasma IGF-I levels.
Conclusions: Isocaloric low protein intake impairs titanium implant osseointegration, with decreased strength needed to completely loosen the implant and altered bone microarchitecture in the vicinity of the implant.