bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do parallel lines meet? How can pathway participation metrics and eigenvalue analysis produce similar results?
Authors: Mojtahedzadeh Mohammad 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe search for tools and techniques aimed at model analysis has gained momentum in the system dynamics community during the last decade. A variety of approaches have been developed, modified and applied to replace or enhance the traditional intuitive‐based schemes for understanding the behavior of dynamic models according to their feedback structure. In spite of the diversity of the methods developed for model analysis, recent studies suggest that there is considerable convergence in the results they produce. This paper explores the metrics used by the pathway participation approach and eigenvalue elasticity analysis in order to explain how, despite the significant differences in the process of model analysis, they can produce similar and comparable results. The paper discusses the application of pathway participation metrics in four well‐known models that have been previously analyzed using the eigenvalue elasticity method. The case studies highlight some of the similarities and differences between the two approaches in detecting the dominant structure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wetting properties of polystyrene/divinylbenzene crosslinked porous polymers obtained using W/O highly concentrated emulsions as templates
Authors: Molina Ricardo , Vílchez Alejandro , Canal Cristina , Esquena Jordi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMacroporous polystyrene/divinylbenzene (PS‐DVB) monoliths were obtained using highly concentrated W/O emulsions as templates. These monoliths are of interest due to the high potential applications for catalysis, scaffolds for tissue engineering, filters, membranes, or drug delivery systems. Dynamic wetting behavior through the polymer monolith is directly related to contact angle. For this reason, in this paper we investigate the relationship between contact angle, morphology, and chemical composition of the dense skin layer and the highly porous interior surface of PS‐DVB porous monoliths.Whereas the dense skin layer exhibits a Wenzel regime using water as wetting liquid, the highly porous interior surface exhibits a Cassie–Baxter regime. This behavior is correlated with the roughness observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, the observed contact angle hysteresis seems to indicate that factors other than surface roughness should be taken into account. For this reason, chemical composition was also studied by elemental microanalysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The differences in chemical composition observed between the dense skin layer and the highly porous interior surface, according to the wetting model for a heterogeneous surface proposed by Johnson and Dettre, seems also to contribute to the wetting hysteresis. The different wetting between the dense skin layer and the highly porous interior surface results in a dual wettability phenomenon, in which a liquid wets the dense skin layer and does not penetrate into the highly porous interior of the PS‐DVB monoliths. This phenomenon can be of relevance in absorption or desorption processes such as in drug delivery processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint optimization of energy allocation and routing problems in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Chu‐Fu , Ding Jen‐Wen , Lee Chun‐Chia 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEnergy allocation problems and routing problems are both important research issues in the wireless sensor network (WSN) field. The former usually aims at considering how to allocate a certain number of sensor devices in a sensing region to form a WSN so that the objective function value (e.g., the network connectivity or the network lifetime) of the constructed network is optimized. For the message routing problem in WSNs, researchers tend to consider how to find an energy conservable message transmission routing scheme for notifying the supervisor of the WSN when an event occurs. Till now, many solutions have been proposed for the above two categories of optimization problems. However, unifying the above two network optimization problems to maximize the network lifetime, to the best of our knowledge, still lacks related research. This paper considers a joint optimization problem for energy allocation and energy‐aware routing called thejoint optimization of energy allocation and routing problem(JOEARP) for a hierarchical cluster‐based WSN. We propose an exact algorithm to provide the optimum solution for the JOEARP. The simulation results show that this solution performed better in prolonging the network lifetime of a WSN in a real situation, compared to other compositions of conventional energy allocation schemes with some known routing algorithms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and expression analysis of a gene cluster for nitrate assimilation from the yeast Arxula adeninivorans
Authors: Böer Erik , Schröter Anja , Bode Rüdiger , Piontek Michael , Kunze Gotthard 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn Arxula adeninivorans nitrate assimilation is mediated by the combined actions of a nitrate transporter, a nitrate reductase and a nitrite reductase. Single‐copy genes for these activities (AYNT1, AYNR1, AYNI1, respectively) form a 9103 bp gene cluster localized on chromosome 2. The 3210 bp AYNI1 ORF codes for a protein of 1070 amino acids, which exhibits a high degree of identity to nitrite reductases from the yeasts Pichia anomala (58%), Hansenula polymorpha (58%) and Dekkera bruxellensis (54%). The second ORF (AYNR1, 2535 bp) encodes a nitrate reductase of 845 residues that shows significant (51%) identity to nitrate reductases of P. anomala and H. polymorpha. The third ORF in the cluster (AYNT1, 1518 bp) specifies a nitrate transporter with 506 amino acids, which is 46% identical to that of H. polymorpha. The three genes are independently expressed upon induction with NaNO3. We quantitatively analysed the promoter activities by qRT–PCR and after fusing individual promoter fragments to the phytase (phyK) gene from Klebsiella sp. ASR1. The AYNI1 promoter was found to exhibit the highest activity, followed by the AYNT1 and AYNR1 elements. Direct measurements of nitrate and nitrite reductase activities performed after induction with NaNO3 are compatible with these results. Both enzymes show optimal activity at around 42°C and near‐neutral pH, and require FAD as a co‐factor and NADPH as electron donor. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adhesion‐Related Complications Are Common, But Rarely Discussed in Preoperative Consent: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Rajab Taufiek Konrad , Wallwiener Markus , Talukdar Sabrina , Kraemer Bernhard 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal adhesions are recognized as an important cause for patient morbidity, but complications related to adhesions occur relatively late after the original operation. Therefore preoperative consent may not adequately reflect the proportions of the problem.MethodsA total of 200 patients admitted for intraperitoneal operations at six hospitals were prospectively reviewed to identify whether adhesion‐related complications were documented as possible adverse events in their respective consent forms.ResultsAdhesion‐related complications were documented in 8.5% (n = 17) of consent forms (bowel obstruction n = 8, requirement for further operations n = 5, difficult reoperation n = 1, pain n = 3). A direct relationship with adhesions was noted in n = 9 of these consent forms.ConclusionsPreoperative informed consent does not adequately reflect the magnitude of adhesion‐related problems. These findings have immediate implications for clinical practice.
Ziliopathien
Authors: Harris P.C. , Czarnecki P.G. 
Published: February 2009

Zusammenfassung
Zilien erfüllen viele unterschiedliche Funktionen, sie dienen als Mechano-, Chemo- und Osmosensoren und spielen bei zahlreichen Signalwegen, für eine adäquate Organentwicklung, für die Aufrechterhaltung der Gewebehomöostase und bei grundsätzlichen Entwicklungsprozessen eine wichtige Rolle. Die meisten Zelltypen im Körper weisen primäre Zilien auf, motile Zilien kommen v. a. im Respirationstrakt, ependymal in den Hirnventrikeln sowie auf Eileiterepithelien vor. Mit einem Funktionsverlust der Zilien einhergehende Krankheiten werden als Ziliopathien bezeichnet. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden einige Erkrankungen, wie die primäre ziliäre Dyskinesie (PCD) oder polyzystische Nierenerkrankungen (PKD) und hier insbesondere die ADPKD (autosomal-dominante PKD), vorgestellt. Zudem werden die bisher identifizierten Gene, die bei der Pathogenese von Ziliopathien eine Rolle spielen, vorgestellt. Dabei verursachen viele der Genmutationen mehr als nur eine Erkrankung, und viele der aufgeführten Merkmale kommen bei verschiedenen Krankheiten vor.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities in the Shoulder and Wrist Joints of Asymptomatic Elite Athletes
Authors: Fredericson Michael , Ho Charles , Waite Brandee , Jennings Fabio , Peterson Jeffrey , Williams Christina , Mathesonn Gordon O. 
Published: February 2009

ObjectiveTo characterize abnormalities on magnetic resonance images (MRI) in the shoulder and wrist joints of asymptomatic elite athletes to better define the range of “normal” findings in this population.DesignCohort study.SettingAcademic medical center.SubjectsDivision IA collegiate volleyball players (n=12), swimmers (n=6), and gymnasts (n=15) with no history of injury or pain and normal physical examination results.InterventionsNone.Main Outcome MeasuresGrade of severity of MRI changes of the shoulder and wrist joints. A 3‐ to 4‐year follow‐up questionnaire was administered to determine the clinical significance of the asymptomatic findings.ResultsAll athletes demonstrated at least mild imaging abnormalities in the joints evaluated. Shoulder: Volleyball players had moderate and severe changes primarily in the labrum (50% moderate, 8% severe), rotator cuff (25% moderate, 17% severe), bony structures (33% moderate), and tendon/muscle (25% moderate, 8% severe). Swimmers had moderate changes primarily in the labrum (83% moderate) and ligament (67% moderate). Wrist: All gymnasts had changes in the wrist ligaments (40% mild, 60% moderate), tendons (53% mild, 47% moderate), and cartilage (60% mild, 33% moderate, 7% severe). Most gymnasts exhibited bony changes (20% normal, 47% mild, 26% moderate, 7% severe), the presence of cysts/fluid collections (80%), and carpal tunnel changes (53%). Swimmers had no wrist abnormalities. At follow‐up interview, only 1 swimmer and 1 volleyball player reported shoulder problems during the study. Additionally, only 1 gymnast reported a wrist injury during their career.ConclusionAsymptomatic elite athletes demonstrate MRI changes of the shoulder (swimmers and volleyball players) and wrist (gymnasts) similar to those associated with abnormalities for which medical treatment and sometimes surgery are advised. Given the somewhat high frequency of these asymptomatic findings, care must be taken to correlate clinical history and physical examination with MRI findings in these patients with symptoms.
A Prospective, Masked 18‐Month Minimum Follow‐up On Neurophysiologic Changes In Persons with Spinal Stenosis, Low Back Pain, and No Symptoms
Authors: Haig Andrew J. , Yamakawa Karen S.J. , Parres Christopher , Chiodo Anthony , Tong Henry 
Published: February 2009

ObjectivesTo describe neurophysiologic changes over time in persons with and without spinal complaints and to assess whether paraspinal denervation predicts change in stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical course.DesignProspective, controlled, masked trial.SettingUniversity spine program.ParticipantsPersons aged 55 to 80 years, screened for polyneuropathy and determined on clinical examination to have spinal stenosis, mechanical low back pain, or no spinal symptoms.InterventionsA comprehensive codified history was obtained and subjects underwent physical examination, ambulation testing, masked electrodiagnostic testing including paraspinal mapping, and MRI, repeated at greater than 18 months. This study presents detailed technical information and additional analyses not reported previously.Main Outcome MeasurementsChange in electrodiagnostic findings. Among persons with clinical stenosis, relationship of change in paraspinal mapping scores to MRI findings and clinical changes.ResultsOf 149 initial subjects, 83 (79.3% of eligible subjects) repeated testing at 20 (±2 SDs) months. No significant change in limb muscle spontaneous activity or motor unit pathology was noted in any group. In 23 persons with initial diagnosis of stenosis, paraspinal mapping electromyography related to change in diagnosis over time (analysis of variance F = 3.77, P = .037), but not to most initial magnetic resonance imaging measurements or to change in spinal canal diameter.ConclusionsClinical spinal stenosis is neurophysiologically stable in most persons. Paraspinal electromyographic changes reflect large changes in clinical course, but neither neurophysiologic nor clinical changes relate to change in spinal geometry over 20 months.
Review of the use of throat packs in nasal surgery
Authors: Jaiswal V , Bedford G C 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground:Throat packs are employed in nasal surgery to prevent contamination of the upper aerodigestive tract. Their use is thought to reduce the risk of aspiration and post-operative nausea and vomiting. However, use of throat packs may also be accompanied by increased throat pain. In order to inform our clinical practice, the evidence base for throat pack insertion was reviewed.Method:A search was made of the Pubmed database from the 1950s to March 2008. Four randomised, controlled, clinical trials were reviewed.Results:All the trials had significant methodological weakness. In all but one, no power calculations were done. There were inconsistencies in the measurement of pain and heterogeneity of rhinological procedures. The one adequately powered trial could not demonstrate a difference in post-operative nausea and vomiting with the use of throat packs (β error = 20 per cent).Conclusion:Further, adequately powered trials are required involving patients undergoing rhinological procedures with a higher risk of blood contamination (e.g. functional endoscopic sinus surgery), in order to provide definitive evidence on the morbidity of throat packs in rhinological procedures.
Hell and divine reasons for action
Authors: SWAN KYLE 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEscapism, a theory of hell proposed by Andrei Buckareff and Allen Plug, explicitly relies on claims about divine reasons for action. However, they say surprisingly little about the general account of reasons for action that would justify the inferences in the argument for escapism. I provide a couple of plausible interpretations of such an account and argue that they help revive the ‘Job objection’ to escapism that Buckareff and Plug had dismissed.
Reply to Cameron
Authors: SHEEHY PAUL 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRoss Cameron has argued that the modal realism of David Lewis furnishes the theist with the resources to explain divine necessity. Cameron is successful in identifying two theistic strategies, but neither is attractive in light of a commitment to modal realism. The first theistic strategy is to treat God as an abstract entity in the same way that the modal realist treats pure sets. This is undermotivated in light of the nominalistic spirit of modal realism. The second strategy is to regard God as enjoying trans-world identity because the divine nature can possess no accidental intrinsic properties. This approach raises a problem of how one is to understand the notion of actuality.
De-territorializing and Re-territorializingLotus: Sovereignty and Systematicity as Dialectical Nation-Building in Early Republican Turkey
Authors: ÖZSU UMUT 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe chief aim of this article is to unearth, explicate, and contextualize the various techniques on which Mahmut Esat, Turkey's agent before the Permanent Court of International Justice in theLotuscase, drew in order to narrate a fresh understanding of Turkish ‘nationhood’ during a period of intense vulnerability for the newly established Republic. The argument advanced by Turkey in this case – that it need not demonstrate the existence of a specific jurisdictional exception in international law in order to proceed with its prosecution of the French captain of theLotus, a French vessel – has often been dismissed as an example of cynical apologetics. Nevertheless, a close reading of Turkey's pleadings reveals that it was inclined to oscillate between a variety of universalistic and particularistic approaches, Esat litigating theLotuswith an eye to exploiting the schism that lies at the heart of the concept of ‘civilization’ so as to submit Turkey to the normative authority of the international legal system while bolstering its positive power as an independent sovereign state. More specifically, it was by merging two modes of reasoning – the one prizing systematicity, the other prioritizing sovereignty – that Esat sought to construct a new, robustly reconciliatory identity for the ‘Turkish nation’, one that would enable it to embrace its commitment to international order by securing its place in ‘la civilisation contemporaine’ while amplifying the ambit of its autonomy as ‘un état civilisé’.
Two for the Price of One: Attempts by the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia to Combine Retributive and Restorative Justice Principles
Authors: MCGONIGLE BRIANNE N. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis article illustrates how the ECCC is struggling to combine successfully two distinct institutional responses to crimes, by being both a criminal tribunal, with its formal rules of procedure and focus on retributive justice, and a quasi-truth and reconciliation commission, with its more flexible approach to participatory rights for victims and focus on reconciliation. The article highlights the advantages and challenges of adopting a ‘two for the price of one’ model within the Cambodian context and uses the experiences of the ECCC to underscore important lessons for future ad hoc and hybrid courts.
Epidemiological surveillance ofCampylobacter jejuniin chicken, dairy cattle and diarrhoea patients
Authors: HUANG J. L. , XU H. Y. , BAO G. Y. , ZHOU X. H. , JI D. J. , ZHANG G. , LIU P. H. , JIANG F. , PAN Z. M. , LIU X. F. , JIAO X. A. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYCampylobacter jejuniof different subtypes were identified in chicken, dairy cattle and diarrhoea patients in China from 2005 to 2006, using multiplex PCR and RFLP. The results indicated that, of the three types of samples,C. jejuniwas most frequently detected in poultry of the three types of samples, with an average isolation rate of up to 18·61% and a flock contamination rate of 86·67%. The average incidence ofC.jejuniin overall cattle and environmental samples, milk cows, heifers and diarrhoea patients was 7·77, 5·02, 8·70 and 4·84%, respectively. A higher prevalence was detected in outpatients than ward patients (P<0·01), and in patients aged <7 years than in older patients (P<0·01). The 265 isolates ofC.jejuniwere classified into 20 distinct types by PCR–RFLP analysis of theflaAgene, with the genotype distribution in humans overlapping that in poultry and cattle. This suggests that certainC. jejunistrains circulate between humans and domestic animals such as cattle and poultry.
MALL Technology: Use of Academic Podcasting in the Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Abdous M’hammed , Camarena Margaret M. , Facer Betty Rose 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIntegrating Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) technology (personal multimedia players, cell phones, and handheld devices) into the foreign language curriculum is becoming commonplace in many secondary and higher education institutions. Current research has identified both pedagogically sound applications and important benefits to students. In this paper, we present the results of an initial study which compares the academic benefits of integrating podcasts into the curriculum against using them as a supplemental/review tool. The study’s findings indicate that when instructors use podcasts for multiple instructional purposes (e.g., to critique student projects and exams, for student video presentations, for student paired interviews, to complete specific assignments, dictations, in roundtable discussions, or for guest lectures), students are more likely to use this technology and to report academic benefits. While the study is limited by small sample sizes and by some within-group variation in instructional techniques, the study provides initial evidence that podcast technology has the potential to provide greater benefits if it is used more than simply as a tool for reviewing. The study’s positive findings indicate that additional research to examine the effects of specific instructional uses of podcast technology is merited.
Mobile blogs in language learning: making the most of informal and situated learning opportunities
Authors: Comas-Quinn Anna , Mardomingo Raquel , Valentine Chris 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe application of mobile technologies to learning has the potential to facilitate the active participation of learners in the creation and delivery of content. Mobile technologies can also provide a powerful connection between a variety of formal and informal learning contexts and can help to build a community of learners. However these versatile tools present challenges to educators and learners alike. The paper discusses the pedagogical challenges that result from the introduction of mobile technologies in language learning in the context of an intensive week of study abroad. We describe and evaluate a pilot project that uses mobile blogging to promote a constructivist, situated and informal learning experience of the foreign language and culture based on theories of active learning. We aim to encourage interaction and a sense of community among learners outside formal educational environments and in different locations as we ask them to engage with the foreign culture by capturing, sharing and reflecting on their experiences for their peers.
A survey of Internet-mediated intercultural foreign language education in China
Authors: Wang Liang , Coleman James A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn all educational contexts, technological developments and changes in pedagogical theory mean that any picture of current practice and attitudes must be dynamic. In many countries, the learning outcomes of foreign language courses now include intercultural communicative competence (ICC), although the precise model for teaching ICC varies even across the English-speaking world. Internet-mediated approaches are widely used to support intercultural learning. In China, the geographical scale of the country and the speed and extent of contemporary socio-economic evolution, allied to long-established and distinctive cultures of learning, make the interface of new technologies and intercultural learning objectives particularly interesting and significant. A small-scale study of college teachers’ and learners’ perceptions of intercultural classroom instruction, with a special focus on Internet mediation, was conducted in mid-2007, using questionnaires and semi-structured questions, to explore the professional, personal and technical issues associated with Internet-mediated learning of languages and cultures. The results show that textbooks remain the predominant authority, while Internet tools are used as a source of information rather than a means of communication. Findings suggest recognition by teachers and students of the potential of the medium, and of the validity of intercultural goals for foreign language classes, although there are some divergences between the views of teachers and students. However, it is suggested that national policy, local incentives and resources and above all educational traditions do not yet allow optimal use of Internet-mediated approaches.