bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombin generation in patients after acute deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: Dielis ArneW J. H. , Spronk Henri M. H. , van Oerle Rene , Hamulyak Karly , Prins Martin H. , ten Cate Hugo , ten Cate-Hoek Arina J. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThrombin generation measurement may be of value for assessing the risk of venous thromboembolism, but its long term profile has not been assessed in patients. We evaluated thrombin generation by Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT) in plasma during follow up of 104 consecutive patients after an acute episode of deep venous thrombosis. Blood was drawn three times over the course of 24 months. Thrombin generation was measured in absence and presence of thrombomodulin and compared to a reference range derived from thrombin generation curves in 137 healthy volunteers. Thrombin generation of patients showed significantly higher endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and peak height compared to the reference population. Differences were more pronounced in assays triggered with I pM TF. Inhibition by thrombomodulin was attenuated in patients off anticoagulants as compared to the reference population (21 % vs.42.2%, p<0.0001); inhibition in patients on anticoagulant treatment was less pronounced (9.7%, p<0.000l). Protein C activity, protein S antigen as well as free protein S showed highly negative correlation with ETP in all patients. A significant negative relation was found between FVIII levels and thrombomodulin induced reduction of ETP and peak height. In conclusion, thrombin generation by CAT reflects changes in coagulation status in patients following athromboembolic event and is most sensitive at CAT analysis triggered with I pM TEA role for factor VIII as an important attributable cause of hypercoagulability is reflected by the reduced inhibitory effect of thrombomodulin at high factor VIII levels.
Rofecoxib impairs adipose tissue development in a murine model of nutritionally induced obesity
Authors: Van Hoef Berthe , Lu Hua , Gallacher David J. , Lijnen H. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe effect of rofecoxib (Vioxx), a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, on adipose tissue development was studied in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Oral administration of Vioxx for six weeks (34 mg/kg/day) to C57Bl/6 mice kept on high-fat diet (n = 19) resulted in a significant reduction in total body weight (p < 0.01) and of subcutaneous (p < 0.05) and gonadal (p< 0.01) adipose tissue mass, as compared to placebo-treated animals (n = 21).There was no significant difference in food intake between both groups (2.8 ± 0.09 vs.3.0 ± 0.10 g/day;p = 0.20).Administration ofVioxx resulted in reduced total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (p < 0.0001) and in enhanced levels of liver enzymes, as compared to placebo. In the gonadal but not in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, adipocytes were smaller after Vioxx treatment (p < 0.05).The macrophage content was significantly lower in gonadal adipose tissues of Vioxx-treated mice (p < 0.05), but not in the subcutaneous adipose tissues. This was, however, not associated with differences in adipose tissue levels of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Blood vessel size or density in either fat pad were not affected by Vioxx treatment. Thus, in a nutritionally induced murine obesity model, oral administration of Vioxx, as compared to placebo, resulted in reduced adipose tissue development, associated with lower feeding efficiency and smaller adipocytes.
Advances in antithrombotic therapy as adjunct to reperfusion therapies for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Marino Paolo , De Luca Giuseppe 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has improved over the past decades, mainly due to reperfusion therapies. The aim of this article is to provide an updated review of adjunctive antithrombotic therapy to reperfusion strategies for STEMI. As compared to unfractionated heparin (UFH), among patients treated with thrombolysis, low-molecular- weight heparins (LMWHs),mainly enoxaparin, fonda-parinux and clopidogrel have been shown to improve outcome in terms of death and reinfarction, whereas GP IIb-IIIa inhibitors, mainly abciximab, and direct thrombin inhibitors have reduced reinfarction, but not mortality. Among patients undergoing primary angioplasty, early UFH should still be regarded as the gold standard in anticoagulation therapy. In addition to ASA, early GP IIb-IIIa inhibitors, especially abciximab, should be considered since it has been shown to provide further benefits in terms of preprocedural recanalization. Despite the positive results observed in the HORIZONS trial, additional studies are needed to investigate the role of bivalirudin as compared to abciximab administration. In our opinion, bivalirudin may be considered instead of GP IIb-IIIa inhibitors among STEMI patients at high risk for bleeding complications. Due to the very low mortality currently achieved by primary angioplasty, a further reduction in short- or medium-term mortality would be quite improbable to be observed. Thus, additional endpoints, such as infarct size and myocardial perfusion, may be considered in future randomized trials among patients undergoing mechanical revascularization for STEMI.
Functional Toll-like receptor 4 mutations modulate the response to fibrinogen
Authors: Patel Kunal , Ye Shu , Hodgkinson Conrad P. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryFibrinogen has been implicated in atherosclerosis; in part by activating the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The fibrinogen-TLR4 signalling pathway remains un-characterised. In human macrophages fibrinogen stimulated interleukin (IL)6 expression and ERK (extracellular signal-related kinase) phosphorylation. In HEK293-CD14-MD2 cells expressing TLR4, fibrinogen induced robust phosphorylation of ERK1, p38α and JNK and activated transcription factors NFκB, Elk-1 and AP-1 (activator protein-1).The net effect of this signaling pathway was a pro-inflammatory response characterised by IL6 and TNFα synthesis and increased IL8,matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, MMP9, and MCP-1 promoter activity. Two common TLR4 mutations, D299G and T399I, render the receptor LPS hyporesponsive. The effect of fibrinogen on polymorphic variant TLR4s was markedly different; enhancing activation of kinases, transcription factors, cytokine synthesis and promoter activity. This study indicates that fibrinogen activates TLR4, explaining how fibrinogen promotes inflammatory protein expression.
The Scriptural Background of the Penal Code in the Rule of the Community and Damascus Document
Authors: Shemesh Aharon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article analyzes the “Penal Code” of the Qumran sectarians, and argues that the list of sins and punishments included in it is based on three biblical pericopes concerning the holiness of the people of Israel and their dwelling place. Violators of these laws endanger the holiness of the community and thus need to be excluded. The idea that the structure of the penal code is based on readings of three specific biblical literal units bears interestingly on our understanding of the development of Midrash. This is taken up in the last part of the article.
“The Day after the Sabbath” (Lev 23:15): Traces and Origin of an Inter-Sectarian Polemic
Authors: Henshke David 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe date of the Festival of Weeks (Shavu'ot) has been the focus of an ancient controversy between the sectarian halakhah and Pharisaic halakhah. However, from an analysis of the Book of Jubilees and Judean desert documents on the one hand, and from Tannaitic Midrashim on the other hand, it is clear that there was a third position suggested, and rejected, by both sides. This third approach clarifies that the background of the controversy was the difference in the description of the festival found in Leviticus in contrast to its portrayal in Deuteronomy.
Presidential Address: Mission in a New Millennium
Authors:   Chun Chae Ok
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn her Presidential Address at the Tenth IAMS Conference in Hammanskraal, South Africa, President Chun Chae Ok first outlines an understanding of mission that takes into account both the misunderstandings and abuses of past centuries and involves crossing boundaries, inclusion and diversity-all done in Christ's name. President Chun then points to three movements in mission practice and reflection which are distinctively new as we move into our new millennium: that mission is being done today by former "objects" of mission in the South who are now the "subjects" of missionary activity; that mission is being done out of poverty and oppression, not out of riches and security; and that those who were formerly the "subjects" of mission--the rich nations of the North and West--are now the "objects" of mission. Given this understanding of mission in this new context, Chun outlines several characteristics of mission in the new millennium: it is to be a cooperative effort; it should be aim at and carried out by the world's youth; it should be holistic and ecological; it should celebrate life; it should preach Christ clearly; it should be the activity of local churches; it should work for unity; and it should be committed to reconciliation of human and cosmic wounds.
The Crucified Reflected in Africa's Cross-Bearers
Authors: Maluleke Tinyiko Sam 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article, given as a keynote address at the Tenth International Congress of IAMS in Hammaskraal, South Africa, South African theologian Tinyiko Maluleke attempts to paint a rough picture of popular African Christology in the light of the Conference theme: "Reflecting Jesus Christ: Crucified and Living in a Broken World." He first notes that grass-root African Christianity harbors a dialectic of identification and non-identification with the suffering and experiences of Christ. On the one hand he is recognizable to Africans in his suffering and yet on the other hand it is recognized that he is like no one. Secondly, Maluleke reflects upon the challenge of reconciliation in Africa and in the light of the crucified and broken body of Christ. He explores the notions of forgiveness and truth and their relation to power. Thirdly, he considers the need and scarcity of hope in Africa. Hopelessness is in a sense one of the greatest indicators of Africa's brokenness. Fourth, Maluleke notes and briefly explores some possible implications of the shift of Christian gravity and the place of Africa in it. Fifth, he notes some contradictions to the massive Christian presence on the continent. Our theological approaches, he says, must acknowledge and own up to the brokenness of the continent. Only thus can African Christians come to appreciate the reality and worth of Jesus' brokenness for themselves. Perhaps in this way African Christians may be able to reflect (on) something of both the death and the resurrection of Christ.
REFLECTING CHRIST CRUCIFIED AMONG AFRICA'S CROSS BEARERS: An African Woman's Perspective
Authors: Mwaura Philomena N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this response to Professor Maluleke, Kenyan theologian Philomena N. Mwaura speaks about the importance of taking cognizance of women and women's theologizing in the construction of an authentic African theology. While not denying the power of the cross, Professor Mwaura notes the danger of a theology that overlooks women's oppression and marginalization and recommends accepting "their deprivation, suffering and abuse as Christ did ."
REFUGEES AND MISSION: A Primer
Authors: Blume Michael A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article, Michael A. Blume, SVD, Undersecretary for the Vatican's Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, presents a valuable introduction to the issues involved in the pastoral care of "uprooted peoples." Fr. Blume addresses the complex questions of "who is a refugee?" and "how many refugees are there?" and concludes the article with reflections on the future of the world's refugees and the connection between the pastoral care of refugees and the mission of the church.
DISPOSABLE PEOPLE THROUGH THE GREEN DOOR: A Day in the MISR Flat in Kampala
Authors: Harrell-Bond Barbara 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article, originally delivered as a keynote address at the 1999 Chicago World Mission Institute which addressed the theme "Disposable People? Refugees, Migrants, and the Church's Mission Today," Dr. Barbara Harrell-Bond tells about some of the people that she has encountered in her work as a researcher into refugee rights in East Africa. Using this narrative approach, Dr. Harrell-Bond paints poignant portraits of people who, in the eyes of so many, are simply "disposable." What is to be done? First, we must expose the myth of "us" and "them" (see Judy Mayotte's story of the Bosnian refugee in the following article). Second, we must work for better training of refugee workers. Third, we must oppose and expose policies that prevent agency workers from acting in truly humane ways. Fourth, we must acknowledge and move beyond the intimidation that NGOs suffer under the shadow of the United Nations High Commission on Refugees.
FOLLOWING MODERNITY AND POSTMODERNITY: A Missiological Investigation
Authors: Kirk J. Andrew 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMuch has, and will continue to be, written on the mission calling of the Church in the West in an allegedly post-modern world. Quite a number of Christians begin from the premise that post-modernity is a more sympathetic environment for establishing the validity of Christian faith than modernity. Such a view often proceeds from a summary dismissal of the so-called "Enlightenment project," interpreted in an almost uniformly negative way as the exaltation of reason as the only, and universal, instrument for acquiring true knowledge of reality. Post-modernity is then seen as a welcome antidote to the human hubris implied in the consequences flowing from the "Age of Enlightenment." It appears to be more intellectually circumspect, more culturally sensitive and more aware of the danger of social and political dominance in the guise of instrumental reason. This article, whilst acknowledging that both modernity and postmodernity, for different reasons, provide a radical challenge to the Christian faith, find them both unsatisfactory as ways of interpreting and approaching contemporary society. The problem for modernity is that its over-confidence in the ability of human reason alone to fathom the meaning of existence leads to a reductionist impoverishment of life. The problem for postmodernity is that its "playful" relativism is self-defeating, being unsustainable both in theory and in the real world. In the light of these criticisms, the article explores the thesis that there is a cultural crisis in the West, engendered by the failure in principle of both perspectives to overcome crucial dichotomies in thought, being and action. In turn, these latter are the result of a failure, beginning in the second part of the 17th century, to maintain united the study of God's word and God's world. The article argues that a proper missiological engagement with current western culture needs to begin by showing that the divorce between word and world, between knowledge based on responses to the givenness of revelation and knowledge based on responses to the givenness of the natural world, was an historical accident. It will then go on to show that, only by rediscovering an appropriate unity between the two, can human knowledge, wisdom, moral action and being be reintegrated.
Some Earliest Traces of the Aryan
Authors: Derakhshani Iahanshah 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe early presence of the Aryans in the Near East is the topic of the research I have undertaken using the positive material and linguistic evidence, part of which has already been published, while the other, the main body of the work (Main Work) will be published as an extensive version.1 In these works, and based on linguistic evidences, such as Aryan loanwords, ethnonyms and toponyms extant in the archaic Near Eastern texts as well as due to the absolute lack of loanwords from the so-called pre-Iranian native languages in the Old Iranian dialects, the conventional theory of the late migration of Aryans into the Iranian Highland has been refuted as "strongly disproved". Based on the same evidence, a pre-Sumerian presence of the Aryans in Mesopotamia has been substantiated (see Aryans 5.4.1.10; 6.1.10). The present article is dealing with some earliest linguistic traces of the Aryan in the archaic Near Eastern languages such as in Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite and Egytian.
Ein Altbabylonischer Text Betreffend Die Lieferung Von Schilfrohr
Authors: Klengel Horst , Klengel Evelyn 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe article which had been originally dedicated to the late Armenian Academician Gagik Sarkisian describes a Babylonian clay tablet document from the collection of the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin (inventory number VAT 952). The text of the document is a contract dealing with the terms of delivery of 960 bundles of reed. It is dated with the third full year of reign of king Samsuiluna, the successor of 'Ammurapi. On the cover of the tablet some not very well preserved seal impressions can be found . The authors attempt to (partly) reconstruct these seal impressions, which are connected with people involved in the contract. One of the better preserved impressions shows two formally interconnected battle scenes, one between a man and a lion, the other between a men and a lion-dragon. Although these kind of scenes are rarely to be met with on Old Babylonian seals, the given impression can be compared to a well preserved representation of a similar scene on a clay tablet from Sippar.
Ein Beitrag Zu Zigeuner-Jargons, Geheimsprachen Und Zum Argotischen Wortschatz in Der Türkei
Authors: Blasing Uwe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn his 1951's monograph, Anadolu Illeri Ağizlarmdan Derlemeler; Van, Bitlis, Muš, Karaköse, Eskisehir, Bolu ve Zonguldak Illeri Ağizlan, the well-known turcologist Ahmet Caferoglu published along with the dialectological material two lists of special vocabulary. The first one contains 71 entries, which belong to the Secret Language of a group called Abdallar living in Eskišehir and Düzce (Bolu). The second, containing 68 items, originates from the village Alaçam (also in Bolu province), recorded from the so-called Elekçiler ("sieve makers"). The ethnonyms Abdal and Elekçi indicate a Gypsy background of both groups. Indeed, checking the language material just superficially, the Abdal-list already displays its Gypsy character clearly. This, however, is not the case with the Elekçi-list! The great majority of its entries represent, from the etymological point of view, Armenian lexemes, although the speakers can hardly be Armenians by origin, but are likely a kind of Gypsies too. The local population of Bolu province considers them, together with the above-mentioned Abdallar and an other group, the Demirçiler ("smiths"), as Bolu çingeneleri ("the Bolu Gypsies"). The conclusion hereof is: these Elekçiler must belong to the Armenian Gypsies, the so-called Boşa. The present article deals primarily with the etymological description of the Elekçz-vocabulary. Additionally, several terms are discussed much deeper, particularly within the scope of their semantical counterparts in the idioms of other Boşa, Abdal and Gypsy groups in order to illustrate their lexical correspondences and, respectively, differences. It is interesting to note, that nothing seems to be known about the historical past of the Elekçi-group in Bolu province. Moreover, the phonetical characteristics of the Armenian vocabulary attested in the mentioned list are not homogeneous, showing no connection with any specific Armenian dialect. Possibly, this mixed character of the language may be seen as an indication that this people originated from several ethnical groups decending from places they visited in the course of their wandering life.
Notes On Some Lexical Correspondences Between Armenian and the Kartvelian Languages
Authors: Djahukian Gevorg 
Published: July 2008

AbstractArmenian loanwords in Kartvelian probably are of as much importance for the history of the Armenian language as were Finnish borrowings for the Germanic languages. Respectively, Kartvelian borrowings in Armenian are not less important for the history of Kartvelian languages. Except for Iranian and, in a lesser extent, Greek, Georgian has been a language with the longest contact with Armenian. Unfortunately, there are no studies revealing phonetic, grammatical and lexical criteria for the identification of the periods of interrelations between these languages. This paper is an attempt of establishing the chronology of several Armenian loanwords in Kartvelian, and also tracing the history of the initial Kartvelian γ- in the Armenian borrowings.
Planning the Persian Language in the Samanid Period
Authors: Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari Behrooz 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt is well known by every student of Iranian, that the Samanid dynasty (10th-11th centuries) contributed greatly to the development and empowerment of the Persian language. Despite a considerable amount of publications on this subject, however, to the best of my knowledge, none of them has enjoyed a linguistic basis.1 When we talk about the history or evolution of a language, we must provide a firm linguistic basis for our claims. This essay aims to demonstrate the contributions of the Samanid Period to the development of Persian from a socio-linguistic point of view, that of "language planning". In my opinion, the Samanids were the first authorities that adopted a scientific and systematic approach to saving the Persian language from a gradual death.
Areal Lexical Contacts of the Afghan (Pashto) Language
Authors: Kushev Vladimir 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe continual political, commercial and economic relations and frequent military conflicts and clashes of the Pashtuns with neighbouring states or tribal formations or with similar structures to which Pashtuns were in a subordinate status were constantly resulting in intensive cultural and linguistic contacts. This article pays a modest tribute to the studies, insufficient for the present, concerning interrelations of the written Pashto with the Persian, Turkic and Indian languages in the sphere of their vocabularies during the period from the earliest literary monuments in Pashto (i.e. from the middle of the XVI century) up to the beginning of the XIX c., for which purpose texts of Afghan classic poetry, prose treaties and chronicles have been used That was a period of large-scale borrowing of foreign words through the channels of the written language and colloquial speech. Arab-Persian loanwords which had no tangible bounds as to their entry into the literary Pashto were very numerous (about a half of the Pashto vocabulary) in comparison with Indian loanwords and have been rnore organically included into the Pashto vocabulary, though at the same time all the borrowings, irrespective of their source-language, have been more or less equally adapted phonetically and morphologically. On this account the aspects of their presentation in this article are different: borrowings from Persian have been given only general characteristics, while concrete ancl detailed lists of Indian and Turkic loanwords are given because their quantity in the analysed texts was limited to such an extent that we have consinered it relevant to publish them almost completely.