bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Theory of the Demand for Public Goods
Authors: Breton Albert 
Published: June 2006

In their efforts to analyse the behaviour of households and firms, economists have traditionally assumed that each of these units maximizes an index, such as a utility function, a profit function, or a present value function, which is taken to characterize its own interest. However, in analysing government policies these same economists have generally shied away from the maximization-of-own-interest assumption and have instead assumed that governments maximize a social welfare function or the common good; or they have proceeded by developing ad hoc hypotheses for each different problem. This is regrettable, for the returns to the maximization-of-own-interest assumption in the analysis of household and firm behaviour have been impressive, even when due consideration is given to the simplification of reality that is involved. One cannot help suspecting that they might also be high in the analysis of government behaviour.In consequence, in the present paper, following the lead of Schumpeter and Downs, I suppose that governments are not primarily interested in maximizing a social welfare function, or the common good, or the public interest—whatever these may be—but that instead they seek to maximize their own interest. Specifically, following Downs and Wilson, I assume that governments maximize the probability of their re-election, a probability which is dependent on the policies that are implemented as well as on the degree to which they are implemented. This relationship rests on the view that governments and their electorates are engaged in a sort of exchange in which policies are traded for votes; to maximize the probability of their re-election, governments endeavour to “produce” those policies which can be exchanged for the largest possible quid pro quo, that is, for the largest number of votes. Thus an analysis of government behaviour following a change in the preferences of consumer-voters, for example, would be to a large extent an analysis of changes in government policies. The potential number and variety of these policies, however, is so large that at first glance it seems impossible to proceed with a systematic analysis.
Unique CoP Microflower Decorated with Phosphorous‐Enriched PtP2 onto Nickel Foam with Interfacial Electronic Interactions to Boost Alkaline Water‐Splitting
Authors: Yu Wenli , Li Qichang , Xiao Weiping , Wang Jinsong , Dong Bin , Chai Yongming , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of stable and efficient electrocatalysts for overall freshwater/seawater water‐splitting has received significant attention. In this study, the fabrication and electrocatalytic properties of phosphorus‐enriched PtP2 dispersed on CoP (PtP2/CoP) for HER and OER in both alkaline fresh/seawater media are described. Physical characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that strong electronic interfacial interactions between PtP2 and CoP optimized the reaction kinetics by regulating the adsorption/desorption of intermediates and the cleavage of reactants. Additionally, operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that PtP2/CoP significantly decreased phase angle with increasing applied potential compared with CoP, demonstrating that the construction of heterostructure provides a faster charge transfer on the surface and in the inner layer. Notably, the catalyst only requires overpotentials of 101 and 298 mV to achieve a benchmark of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline freshwater for HER and OER. Moreover, the prepared catalyst featured overpotentials of 108 and 330 mV in an alkaline seawater electrolyte. Furthermore, a stable and high‐efficiency water electrolysis operation can be achieved using PtP2/CoP as both the anode and cathode (1.63 V@100 mA cm−2) coupled with satisfactory durability. This finding provides a deeper comprehension of the interaction of Pt‐less compounds and matrix in electrocatalysis for bifunctional electrocatalysts.
Spintronic Phenomena and Applications in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites
Authors: Lu Ying , Wang Qian , Han Lei , Zhao Yuzhen , He Zemin , Song Wenqi , Song Cheng , Miao Zongcheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe spin degree of freedom in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) has become a rapidly growing research topic in both HOIPs and spintronics fields due to its fundamental scientific significance and tight relevance with optoelectronics. The flourishing achievements of HOIP spintronics call for a timely review to summarize the key progress and guide future developments. In this review, classical spintronic phenomena based on spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) are discussed, especially Rashba splitting and related applications such as spin‐charge conversion. Owing to the unique chirality‐spin coupling, spintronics in chiral HOIPs are particularly focused on, including chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS). Based on the complex band structure and carrier/exciton, spin dynamics is also widely investigated and constitutes an indispensable part of HOIP spintronics. Aside from the three main threads, other spintronic phenomena such as magneto‐optical coupling and device exploration are involved as promising opportunities. Despite the continuous breakthroughs in HOIP spintronics, more efforts are required to expand material systems, explore new physics, and optimize device configurations for enhanced performance and high integration. A deep understanding of spin behaviors in HOIPs will create a new platform beyond conventional optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.
Maskless Femtosecond‐Laser‐Processed Ionotronic Double‐Gate Transistor Array for Pattern Adaptation Emulation
Authors: Zhang Yi , Pei Jiaqing , Huang Zhuohui , Jiang Leyong , Yin Kai , Jiang Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSensory adaptation is a very important function of the biological nervous system to maintain survival. It helps us to better perceive, understand, and adapt to the environment. Therefore, building artificial sensory adaptation systems through neuromorphic devices is a goal that humans have been continuously pursuing. Unfortunately, current research has either based on individual adaptive devices or employed complex processes. At present, a facile fabrication of adaptive device arrays is still a great challenge. Herein, a maskless ionotronic double‐gate oxide transistor array with pattern adaptation function is demonstrated using femtosecond laser process. Such process is a maskless patterning technology and free of chemical contamination, enabling a facile integration of device arrays. The as‐fabricated transistor exhibits a low subthreshold swing of 265 mV dec−1 and a reasonable current switching ratio of ≈103 under a low operating voltage of 1 V. Interestingly, it can achieve a transition from nonadaptive to adaptive behavior by the other gate terminal. Moreover, the desensitization behavior after adaptation can be realized for mimicking the self‐protection capability of biological sensory systems. Finally, a 2 × 2 transistor array is demonstrated for emulating the experience‐dependent pattern adaptation ability in the human brain. Therefore, this adaptive device array using femtosecond laser process may provide a good opportunity for the artificial sensory adaptation systems and the next‐generation bionic robots.
Two Birds with One Stone: Green Solvent Enabled High‐Stability and Durable Zn Anode in Both Non‐Aqueous and Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Naveed Ahmad , Ai Haoqiang , Li Teng , Ali Amjad , Moradian Jamile Mohammadi , Qureshi Waqar Ahmad , Su Mingru , Li Xiaowei , Zhou Yu , Guo Ruiqiang , Wan Tao , Lin Chun‐Ho , Chu Dewei , Liu Yunjian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRechargeable zinc batteries are promising choices for eco‐friendly, safe and cost‐effective energy storage solutions. However, their commercial adoption faces challenges such as low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and poor reversibility of Zn anodes. To address these issues, a new green electrolyte based on N,N'‐Dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) has been developed, affording a robust, dendrite‐free Zn anode with over 5000 h of cycle stability and a high average CE of 98.49%. Zn anode in DMPU‐electrolyte significantly outperforms aqueous electrolyte with 67 times longer cycle life, demonstrating excellent anode stability. Moreover, ultra‐stable Zn anode in DMPU‐electrolyte cycled for over 10 000 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2 showcases excellent reversibility. The Dimethylpropyleneurea‐triflate anion generated solid electrolyte interphase enables homogeneous and rapid Zn2+‐diffusion at the electrode interface, leading to a structured hexagonal Zn deposit. Furthermore, as electrolyte additive, DMPU significantly stabilizes Zn anode at severe conditions (5.0 and 10.0 mA cm−2) along with remarkable enhancement in CE (99.12%). This study offers valuable insights into the development of hybrid and organic electrolytes to advance Zn battery technology.
Microphysiological Blood‐Brain Barrier Systems for Disease Modeling and Drug Development
Authors: Mulay Atharva R. , Hwang Jihyun , Kim Deok‐Ho 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is a highly controlled microenvironment that regulates the interactions between cerebral blood and brain tissue. Due to its selectivity, many therapeutics targeting various neurological disorders are not able to penetrate into brain tissue. Pre‐clinical studies using animals and other in vitro platforms have not shown the ability to fully replicate the human BBB leading to the failure of a majority of therapeutics in clinical trials. However, recent innovations in vitro and ex vivo modeling called organs‐on‐chips have shown the potential to create more accurate disease models for improved drug development. These microfluidic platforms induce physiological stressors on cultured cells and are able to generate more physiologically accurate BBBs compared to previous in vitro models. In this review, different approaches to create BBBs‐on‐chips are explored alongside their application in modeling various neurological disorders and potential therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, organs‐on‐chips use in BBB drug delivery studies is discussed, and advances in linking brain organs‐on‐chips onto multiorgan platforms to mimic organ crosstalk are reviewed.
Non‐Invasive Skin Thermo‐Diagnosis Based on a Harmonic Wave‐Driven Wearable Sensor
Authors: Qiu Lin , Wang Xin , Ouyang Yuxin , Feng Yanhui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSkin thermo‐diagnosis, i.e., monitoring the skin thermal conductivity, can well indicate the body health status. Non‐invasive measurement is the direction of future development for skin thermo‐diagnosis. Here, a rigid and robust wearable sensor driven by the harmonic wave is developed, which can be comfortably wrist‐worn for a long time. Its big advantage is that it can extract both the thermal conductivities of epidermis and dermis (underneath the skin surface by 1 mm or 1–3 mm), which is not implemented by other techniques, and thus can more accurately indicate the possible diseases of the body. A 30‐subject population test shows that the epidermal thermal conductivity exhibits positive dependence on the body surface temperature and the water content, and thus slightly decreased in older subjects whose skin loses its elasticity, water content and nutrients with aging. In a menstrual cycle of women, the dermal thermal conductivity on the date of ovulation is noticeably lower, owing to the significant increase in transdermal water loss and a significant decrease in skin barrier resistance due to the reduction in the cutaneous estrogens. The progress made so far would be an important step toward non‐invasive and convenient monitoring of the human daily health.
Enhanced Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Perovskite Films by a Multifunctional 4′‐Aminoacetophenone Hydrochloride Additive Assistant Engineering
Authors: Huang Shuai , Zhu Liangliang , Dong Guifang , Liu Yue , Chen Yanzhong , Li Jing , Zhang Xinping , Li Ruixuan , Zhang Guangyin , Guan Baolu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are considered as a prospective candidate as optical gain media for stimulated emission, and the advancement of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of perovskite materials is gradually becoming the key to realize the commercialization of perovskite lasers. Nonetheless, the ASE of solution‐processed polycrystalline perovskite films still experiences a high threshold and poor optical stability due to their high defect density and poor crystalline quality. In this scenario, a noticeably ameliorated ASE performance with decreased threshold and greater photo‐stability is demonstrated in solution‐processed (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 polycrystalline perovskite films by introducing a neoteric 4′‐Aminoacetophenone hydrochloride (APCl) additive with cost‐effective fabrication. The ASE threshold of the APCl‐embedded perovskite films is prominently curtailed from 12.8 to 5.3 µJ cm−2, with an augmented optical gain, ASE output intensity, and optical durability. The ameliorated ASE performance can be credited to multifunctional effects of the APCl additive in the perovskite films, presenting a low defect density, an unambiguously elevated photoluminescence, a prolonged decay lifetime and thus enabling the easily achieved population inversion caused by the attenuated nonradiative carrier recombination in the optical gain media. These findings provide a significant foundation and pave the way for realizing the electrically excited lasing based on the perovskite materials.
Ball‐Milling to Access Dinucleoside Polyphosphates and Analogues
Authors: Navarro Valentin , Vasco Florian , Bantreil Xavier , Lamaty Frédéric , Peyrottes Suzanne , Roy Béatrice 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDinucleoside 5’,5’‐polyphosphates (NpnNs) play essential roles in various biological processes. Access to these high value‐added compounds, while avoiding the many drawbacks of solution phase synthesis, is a challenge that has been overcome thanks to mechanochemistry. A straightforward solid‐state synthesis based on activation of phosphate or pyrophosphate sodium salts to their diimidazolides, followed by coupling with commercially available nucleotides, under air conditions, gave symmetrical NpnNs. The scope ranged from Np3Ns to highly challenging Np6Ns. The methodology has also been implemented using medronic acid and imidodiphosphate to obtain NpnNs analogues, some of which are unprecedented.
Critical Conditions Regulating the Gelation in Macroionic Cluster Solutions
Authors: Xu Xiaohan , Yang Yuqing , Zhou Yifan , Xiao Kexing , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Sigmon Ginger E. , Burns Peter C. , Liu Tianbo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe critical gelation conditions observed in dilute aqueous solutions of multiple nanoscale uranyl peroxide molecular clusters are reported, in the presence of multivalent cations. This gelation is dominantly driven by counterion‐mediated attraction. The gelation areas in the corresponding phase diagrams all appear in similar locations, with a characteristic triangle shape outlining three critical boundary conditions, corresponding to the critical cluster concentration, cation/cluster ratio, and the degree of counterion association with increasing cluster concentration. These interesting phrasal observations reveal general conditions for gelation driven by electrostatic interactions in hydrophilic macroionic solutions.
A Nanographene‐Porphyrin Hybrid for Near‐Infrared‐Ii Phototheranostics
Authors: Zhao Hao , Wang Yu , Chen Qiang , Liu Ying , Gao Yijian , Müllen Klaus , Li Shengliang , Narita Akimitsu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotoacoustic imaging (PAI)‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT) in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) window has been attracting attention as a promising cancer theranostic platform. Here, it is reported that the π‐extended porphyrins fused with one or two nanographene units (NGP‐1 and NGP‐2) can serve as a new class of NIR‐responsive organic agents, displaying absorption extending to ≈1000 and ≈1400 nm in the NIR‐I and NIR‐II windows, respectively. NGP‐1 and NGP‐2 are dispersed in water through encapsulation into self‐assembled nanoparticles (NPs), achieving high photothermal conversion efficiency of 60% and 69%, respectively, under 808 and 1064 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, the NIR‐II‐active NGP‐2‐NPs demonstrated promising photoacoustic responses, along with high photostability and biocompatibility, enabling PAI and efficient NIR‐II PTT of cancer in vivo.
Blautia Coccoides is a Newly Identified Bacterium Increased by Leucine Deprivation and has a Novel Function in Improving Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Niu Yuguo , Hu Xiaoming , Song Yali , Wang Cunchuan , Luo Peixiang , Ni Shihong , Jiao Fuxin , Qiu Ju , Jiang Weihong , Yang Sheng , Chen Jun , Huang Rui , Jiang Haizhou , Chen Shanghai , Zhai Qiwei , Xiao Jia , Guo Feifan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGut microbiota is linked to human metabolic diseases. The previous work showed that leucine deprivation improved metabolic dysfunction, but whether leucine deprivation alters certain specific species of bacterium that brings these benefits remains unclear. Here, this work finds that leucine deprivation alters gut microbiota composition, which is sufficient and necessary for the metabolic improvements induced by leucine deprivation. Among all the affected bacteria, B. coccoides is markedly increased in the feces of leucine‐deprived mice. Moreover, gavage with B. coccoides improves insulin sensitivity and reduces body fat in high‐fat diet (HFD) mice, and singly colonization of B. coccoides increases insulin sensitivity in gnotobiotic mice. The effects of B. coccoides are mediated by metabolizing tryptophan into indole‐3‐acetic acid (I3AA) that activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the liver. Finally, this work reveals that reduced fecal B. coccoides and I3AA levels are associated with the clinical metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest that B. coccoides is a newly identified bacterium increased by leucine deprivation, which improves metabolic disorders via metabolizing tryptophan into I3AA.
Activity‐Based Protein Profiling Identifies Protein Disulfide‐Isomerases as Target Proteins of the Volatile Salinilactones
Authors: Jerye Karoline , Lüken Helko , Steffen Anika , Schlawis Christian , Jänsch Lothar , Schulz Stefan , Brönstrup Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe salinilactones, volatile marine natural products secreted from Salinispora arenicola, feature a unique [3.1.0]‐lactone ring system and cytotoxic activities through a hitherto unknown mechanism. To find their molecular target, an activity‐based protein profiling with a salinilactone‐derived probe is applied that disclosed the protein disulfide‐isomerases (PDIs) as the dominant mammalian targets of salinilactones, and thioredoxin (TRX1) as secondary target. The inhibition of protein disulfide‐isomerase A1 (PDIA1) and TRX1 is confirmed by biochemical assays with recombinant proteins, showing that (1S,5R)‐salinilactone B is more potent than its (1R,5S)‐configured enantiomer. The salinilactones bound covalently to C53 and C397, the catalytically active cysteines of the isoform PDIA1 according to tandem mass spectrometry. Reactions with a model substrate demonstrated that the cyclopropyl group is opened by an attack of the thiol at C6. Fluorophore labeling experiments showed the cell permeability of a salinilactone‐BODIPY (dipyrrometheneboron difluoride) conjugate and its co‐localization with PDIs in the endoplasmic reticulum. The study is one of the first to pinpoint a molecular target for a volatile microbial natural product, and it demonstrates that salinilactones can achieve high selectivity despite their small size and intrinsic reactivity.
3D Host Design Strategies Guiding “Bottom–Up” Lithium Deposition: A Review
Authors: Wang Xi , Chen Zhen , Jiang Kai , Chen Minghua , Passerini Stefano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) have the potential to be the next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to the high theoretical specific capacity and the lowest redox potential of lithium metal. However, the practical application of LMBs is hindered by challenges such as the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and excessive volume change of Li metal. To solve these issues, the design of high‐performance lithium metal anodes (LMAs) with various 3D structures is critical. Targeting at realizing the “bottom–up” Li deposition to fully utilize the 3D architecture, in recent years, strategies such as gradient host materials construction, magnetic field modulation, SEI component design, and so on have attracted intensive attention. This review begins with a fundamental discussion of the Li nucleation and deposition mechanism. The recent advances in the aspects of construction strategies and modification methods that enable the “bottom–up” Li deposition within advanced 3D host materials, with a particular emphasize on their design principles are comprehensively overviewed. Finally, future challenges and perspectives on the design of advanced hosts toward practical LMAs are proposed.
Out‐of‐Plane Single‐Copper‐Site Catalysts for Room‐Temperature Benzene Oxidation
Authors: Che Wei , Li Pai , Han Gao‐Feng , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Seo Jeong‐Min , Jeon Jong‐Pil , Li Changqing , Liu Wei , Li Feng , Liu Qinghua , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCrafting single‐atom catalysts (SACs) that possess “just right” modulated electronic and geometric structures, granting accessible active sites for direct room‐temperature benzene oxidation is a coveted objective. However, achieving this goal remains a formidable challenge. Here, we introduce an innovative in situ phosphorus‐immitting strategy using a new phosphorus source (phosphorus nitride, P3N5) to construct the phosphorus‐rich copper (Cu) SACs, designated as Cu/NPC. These catalysts feature locally protruding metal sites on a nitrogen (N)‐phosphorus (P)‐carbon (C) support (NPC). Rigorous analyses, including X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), validate the coordinated bonding of nitrogen and phosphorus with atomically dispersed Cu sites on NPC. Crucially, systematic first‐principles calculations, coupled with the climbing image nudged‐elastic‐band (CI‐NEB) method, provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure‐property‐activity relationship of the distorted Cu−N2P2 centers in Cu/NPC for selective oxidation of benzene to phenol production. Interestingly, Cu/NPC has shown more energetically favorable C−H bond activation compared to the benchmark Cu/NC SACs in the direct oxidation of benzene, resulting in outstanding benzene conversion (50.3 %) and phenol selectivity (99.3 %) at room temperature. Furthermore, Cu/NPC achieves a remarkable turnover frequency of 263 h−1 and mass‐specific activity of 35.2 mmol g−1 h−1, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art benzene‐to‐phenol conversion catalysts to date.