bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid‐Liquid Coaxial Swirl Injector Performance Prediction Using General Regression Neural Network
Authors: Ghorbanian Kaveh , Soltani Mohammad R. , Ashjaee Mehdi , Morad Mohammad R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA general regression neural network technique was applied to design optimization of a liquid‐liquid coaxial swirl injector. Phase Doppler Anemometry measurements were used to train the neural network. A general regression neural network was employed to predict droplet velocity and Sauter mean diameter at any axial or radial position for the operating range of a liquid‐liquid coaxial swirl injector. The results predicted by neural network agreed satisfactorily with the experimental data. A general performance map of the liquid‐liquid coaxial swirl (LLCS) injector was generated by converting the predicted result to actual fuel/oxidizer ratios.
Systematic structural studies of iron superoxide dismutases from human parasites and a statistical coupling analysis of metal binding specificity
Authors: Bachega Jose Fernando Ruggiero , Navarro Marcos Vicente Albuquerque Salles , Bleicher Lucas , Bortoleto‐Bugs Raquel Kely , Dive Daniel , Hoffmann Pascal , Viscogliosi Eric , Garratt Richard Charles 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSuperoxide dismutases (SODs) are a crucial class of enzymes in the combat against intracellular free radical damage. They eliminate superoxide radicals by converting them into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. In spite of their very different life cycles and infection strategies, the human parasites Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei are known to be sensitive to oxidative stress. Thus the parasite Fe‐SODs have become attractive targets for novel drug development. Here we report the crystal structures of FeSODs from the trypanosomes T. brucei at 2.0 Å and T. cruzi at 1.9 Å resolution, and that from P. falciparum at a higher resolution (2.0 Å) to that previously reported. The homodimeric enzymes are compared to the related human MnSOD with particular attention to structural aspects which are relevant for drug design. Although the structures possess a very similar overall fold, differences between the enzymes at the entrance to the channel which leads to the active site could be identified. These lead to a slightly broader and more positively charged cavity in the parasite enzymes. Furthermore, a statistical coupling analysis (SCA) for the whole Fe/MnSOD family reveals different patterns of residue coupling for Mn and Fe SODs, as well as for the dimeric and tetrameric states. In both cases, the statistically coupled residues lie adjacent to the conserved core surrounding the metal center and may be expected to be responsible for its fine tuning, leading to metal ion specificity. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender and chain migration: the case of Aruba
Authors: Croes Haime , Hooimeijer Pieter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFamily reunification and family formation form a substantial part of chain migration, as most countries accept this form of settlement on the basis of humanitarian commitment to protecting families. Yet this does not mean that all migrants are treated equally in allowing them to bring over family members. Whether people are allocated this statutory right depends on their social and economic position. Women might be ‘triply disadvantaged’ as migrant women are often in more marginal jobs, from a different ethnicity, and have a harder time in acquiring these statutory rights. In this contribution we test this gender hypothesis using data from Aruba.Aruba provides an interesting case because the rapid development of the tourist‐driven economy has given rise to enormous labour shortages across the various sectors of the economy, and it is now among the ten countries in the world with the highest net immigration rate. Due to its geographical position the island has recruited labour migrants from both Latin and North America and also from Europe. Dutch nationals receive preferential treatment as Aruba is a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. This diversity in immigration allows for an analysis of the social, ethnic, economic and legal determinants of family reunification. The results show that women have a disadvantaged position with respect to each of these determinants. On top of that a separate gender effect remains, indicating that it is harder for women migrants to bring over their spouses and children from their home country. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Narrating everyday spaces of the resettled Adivasis in Sardar Sarovar
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sutapa 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPopulation geographers continue to contribute to migration scholarship using feminist‐informed methods. Adding to this literature, this article combines migration and development discourses and addresses the realities and lived experiences of the Adivasi populations whose lives are impacted by development‐induced displacement due to the construction of a multipurpose river valley project, the Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP) on the Narmada River in western India. The different sections of this article discuss the conceptual approach to migration, provide a detailed case study of the Adivasi displacees, and contribute towards understanding the everyday spaces of displaced Adivasis by taking a narrative approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultural geographies of counter‐diasporic migration: perspectives from the study of second‐generation ‘returnees’ to Greece
Authors: King Russell , Christou Anastasia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper aims to contribute to ongoing theorisation of diasporas by a specific focus on ‘second‐generation return’ – the migration of host‐country‐born second‐generation persons to the birth‐country of their parents. We nominate the term ‘counter‐diasporic migration’ to describe this particular migration chronotope. Although the ideology of ‘return to the homeland’ is inscribed into most definitions of diaspora, relatively few studies have been made of ‘counter‐diaspora’, where the ‘scattering’ is reversed. Adopting a cultural‐geographical perspective, the paper explores some of the core elements that are constitutive of second‐generation relocation to the ancestral homeland: specifically the migrants' complex and ambiguous views of ‘home’, ‘place’, ‘belonging’ and ‘identity’; or, from the emic perspective of the migrants, the ‘who I am’ in the ‘where I am’. The paper draws on some results from ongoing research by the authors into the second‐generation return of Greek‐Americans and Greek‐Germans to Greece, as well as on other studies of counter‐diaspora around the world. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying the period of a step change in high‐yield processes
Authors: Noorossana Rassoul , Saghaei Abbas , Paynabar Kamran , Abdi Sara 
Published: March 2009

AbstractQuality control charts have proven to be very effective in detecting out‐of‐control states. When a signal is detected a search begins to identify and eliminate the source(s) of the signal. A critical issue that keeps the mind of the process engineer busy at this point is determining the time when the process first changed. Knowing when the process first changed can assist process engineers to focus efforts effectively on eliminating the source(s) of the signal. The time when a change in the process takes place is referred to as the change point. This paper provides an estimator for a period of time in which a step change in the process non‐conformity proportion in high‐yield processes occurs. In such processes, the number of items until the occurrence of the first non‐conforming item can be modeled by a geometric distribution. The performance of the proposed model is investigated through several numerical examples. The results indicate that the proposed estimator provides a reasonable estimate for the period when the step change occurred at the process non‐conformity level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and fragmentation pathways of caffeine metabolites in urine samples via liquid chromatography with positive electrospray ionization coupled to a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap (LTQ) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bianco Giuliana , Abate Salvatore , Labella Cristiana , Cataldi Tommaso R. I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLiquid chromatography (LC) with positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) coupled to a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap (LTQ) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) was employed for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and its metabolites in human urine within a single chromatographic run. LC/ESI‐FTICRMS led to the unambiguous determination of the molecular masses of the studied compounds without interference from other biomolecules. A systematic and comprehensive study of the mass spectral behaviour of caffeine and its fourteen metabolites by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was performed, through in‐source ion trap collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of the protonated molecules, [M+H]+. A retro‐Diels‐Alder (RDA) process along with ring‐contraction reactions were the major fragmentation pathways observed during CID. The base peak of xanthine precursors originates from the loss of methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO, 57 Da) or isocyanic acid (HNCO, 43 Da), which in turn lose a CO unit. Also uric acid derivatives shared a RDA rearrangement as a common fragmentation process and a successive loss of CO2or CO. The uracil derivatives showed a loss of a ketene unit (CH2CO, 42 Da) from the protonated molecule along with the loss of H2O or CO. To assess the potential of the present method three established metabolite ratios to measure P450 CYP1A2,N‐acetyltransferase and xanthine oxidase activities were evaluated by a number of identified metabolites from healthy human urine samples after caffeine intake. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical and electrical properties of the phosphor‐doped nano‐silicon film under an external electric field
Authors: Cheng G. G. , Ding J. N. , Xie G. X. , Kan B. , Ling Z. Y. , Fan Z. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe mechanical and electrical properties of the phosphor‐doped nano‐silicon film (nc‐Si:H) prepared by the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method under electric field have been studied by Tribolab system, which is equipped with nano‐electrical contact resistance (ECR) tool. During indentation, different voltages and loads were applied. The topography of the sample surface was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results show that the roughness of the film is 5.69 nm; the electric current was measured through the sample/indenter tip with different loads at a fixed voltage, and it increased nonlinearly during the indentation. The maximum current value depth was shallower than the maximum depth of each indent due to the plasticity of the film. When the loading speed is increased to 250 µN/s, the microcrack occurred on the film; the hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) changed with the voltage applied both in open circuit and in short circuit case, which resulted in different values of H/E rate from 0.082 to 0.096. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embryo development, stress protein (Hsp70) responses, and histopathology in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following exposure to nickel chloride, chlorpyrifos, and binary mixtures of them
Authors: Scheil Volker , Zürn Alexandra , Köhler Heinz‐R. , Triebskorn Rita 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo different classes of chemicals were tested in a multilevel approach in this study: NiCl2 as a representative for heavy metals and chlorpyrifos, a pesticide. Both, the single substances and mixtures of them were investigated for their effects on embryonic development, histological alterations, and the stress protein (Hsp70) response in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Fishes were exposed from fertilization of eggs up to a maximum of 168 h post fertilization, depending on the investigated endpoint. NiCl2 led to effects in all tests which, however, were less severe at the histopathological level than in developmental (hatching success) and stress protein studies. Chlorpyrifos did not lead to developmental alterations but it was found to induce the Hsp70 response as well as histopathological damages. Mixtures of both substances resulted in similar results as the single substances; the results suggest an independent mode of action of these two substances and additivity of their effects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Effect of excess iron and copper on physiology of aquatic plant Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid
Authors: Xing Wei , Huang Wenmin , Liu Guihua 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo elucidate effect of chemical reagents addition on growth of aquatic plants in restoration of aquatic ecosystem, Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid was used to evaluate its physiological responses to excess iron (Fe3+) and copper (Cu2+) in the study. Results showed that accumulation of iron and copper both reached maximum at 100 mg L−1 iron or copper after 24 h short‐term stress, but excess iron and copper caused plants necrosis or death and colonies disintegration as well as roots abscission at excess metal concentrations except for 1 mg L−1 iron. Significant differences in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were observed at 1–100 mg L−1 iron or copper. The synthesis of chlorophyll and protein as well as carbohydrate and the uptake of phosphate and nitrogen were inhibited seriously by excess iron and copper. Proline content decreased with increasing iron or copper concentration, however, MDA content increased with increasing iron or copper concentration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Fundamental characteristics of polycapillary x‐ray optics combined with glass conical pinhole for micro x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Matsuda Akinori , Nakano Kazuhiko , Komatani Shintaro , Ohzawa Sumito , Uchihara Hiroshi , Tsuji Kouichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have developed a new micro x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (µ‐XRF) instrument using polycapillary x‐ray lens (PCXL) combined with glass conical pinhole (GCP). The x‐rays focused by the PCXL were focused again by the GCP. The size of the obtained x‐ray microbeam was estimated by a wire scanning method. In our instrument, the size of the x‐ray microbeam end was 25 µm for Cr Kα at 0.5 mm from the GCP. The divergence angle of x‐ray microbeam was 15 mrad. In order to evaluate the performance of our instrument, the gain (x‐ray flux density) was estimated. The gain in our instrument was corrected by comparison of the intensity per unit area for a Cu pinhole aperture. The gain thus obtained was approximately 1400. This highly intense micro x‐ray beam will be useful for micro‐XRF analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Captive reproduction of the Jamaican iguana (Cyclura collei)
Authors: Searcy Richard A. , Villers Lynne M. , Reams Richard D. , Wyatt John E. , Pilarski Jon 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Jamaican iguana (Cyclura collei) was considered to be extinct until its rediscovery in 1990 in the Hellshire Hills region of Jamaica. Between 1994 and 1996, several wild caught juveniles were placed in six North American zoological institutions including the Indianapolis Zoo. The intent was to establish a self‐sustaining captive population outside of Jamaica in order to serve as an ancillary population should the wild numbers decline. Several environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, photoperiod and diet were manipulated to encourage reproduction in captivity. In 2006, two clutches of eggs were deposited by two separate females for a total of 35 eggs. Twenty‐six eggs were fertile and 22 hatched after a 76–83‐day incubation at 30.3–30.8°C (86.5–86.7°F). The average weight of the neonates was 26.4 g and the average total length was 21.7 cm. This successful reproduction of C. collei constitutes the first North American hatching for this species. Environmental parameters, incubation techniques and neonate morphometry can serve as a baseline for further propagation of the species. This represents a positive milestone for the continuing conservation of this critically endangered species. Zoo Biol 28:343–349, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technique of Antroduodenectomy Without Ulcer Excision as a Safe Alternative Treatment for Bleeding Chronic Duodenal Ulcers
Authors: Guinier David , Destrumelle Nicolas , Denue Pierre Olivier , Mathieu Pierre , Heyd Bruno , Mantion Georges Andre 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of a bleeding chronic posterior duodenal ulcer, with bleeding recurrence or persistence despite endoscopic therapy, requires surgical treatment and constitutes a challenge for the surgeon; furthermore such chronic ulcers are often wide and sclerotic, so the surgeon needs to avoid the risk of recurrent bleeding if conservative surgery is applied. If radical surgery must be performed, the greater risk involves duodenal leakage, hepatic hilar injury, or pancreatic injury. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and complications arising from a surgical procedure, described by Dubois in 1971 (Gastrectomy and gastroduodenal anastomosis for post‐bulbar ulcers and peptic ulcers of the second part of the duodenum. J Chir 101:177–186). This operation involves antroduonectomy with gastroduodenal anastomosis. It is similar to a Billroth I gastrectomy but without dissection of the ulcer.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively studied the medical data of patients who underwent this procedure for the treatment of bleeding chronic posterior duodenal ulcers during the past 20 years.ResultsThere were 28 such patients admitted to our institution for emergency surgery, who went on to be treated by the Dubois procedure. Ulcerous disease was efficiently treated without rebleeding or duodenal leakage. The mortality rate was 17%; most deaths resulted from medical failure in older patients suffering from massive bleeding. The rate of medical complications reached 21%. Surgical complications developed in 14% of patients.ConclusionsThe Dubois antroduodenectomy is a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of bleeding chronic duodenal ulcers. The number of fatal outcomes among patients with this condition remains high, particularly in older and vulnerable patients experiencing massive bleeding.
Selective Sentinel Node Plus Additional Non‐Sentinel Node Biopsy Based on an FDG‐PET/CT Scan in Early Breast Cancer Patients: Single Institutional Experience
Authors: Kim Jeryong , Lee Jinsun , Chang Eilsung , Kim Seongmin , Suh Kwangsun , Sul Jiyoung , Song Insang , Kim Yonghoon , Lee Chuljoo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to determine whether a preoperative fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) integrated with computed tomography (CT) (FDG‐PET/CT) could be used as a guide for axillary node dissection (AND) or sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) in breast cancer patients.MethodsBetween February 2007 and April 2008, we performed FDG‐PET/CT scans in 137 biopsy‐proven breast cancer patients planning to have an SNB to select patients for either AND (PET/CT N+) or SNB (PET/CT N0). In performing SNB, we also performed additional non‐SNB (ADD), which was enlarged at the lower axilla.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients with positive scans underwent complete AND as a primary procedure, and 110 patients with negative scans underwent SNB + ADD. There were 8 cases of false negative scans, and no case of false positive scan. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and overall accuracy of FDG‐PET/CT in predicting axillary metastasis were 77.1%, 100%, 100%, and 94.2%, respectively. In a subset of 110 patients with SNB + ADD, 104 patients had histologically negative SN, and 6 patients had positive SN in frozen section. Among 110 SNB + ADD cases, there were only 8 cases (7.3%) of positive axillary basins in permanent biopsy, including two cases of late positives that had micrometastases in the SN only. Through selective SNB + ADD based on an FDG‐PET/CT, we have spared 27 unnecessary SNBs (true positive scans).ConclusionsFDG‐PET/CT is a specific imaging modality for predicting axillary node metastasis, and allows for a selective approach to either AND or SNB. A selective SNB + ADD based on an FDG‐PET/CT reduced both unnecessary SNBs and positive axillary basins, enhancing the identification rates of SN and the accuracy of SNB.
Consideration of gene therapy for paediatric neurotransmitter diseases
Authors: Rotstein Michael , Kang Un Jung 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe paediatric neurotransmitter diseases (PNDs) are a group of inborn errors of metabolism characterized by abnormalities of neurotransmitter synthesis or metabolism. Although some children may react favourably to neurotransmitter augmentation treatment, optimal response is not universal and other modes of treatment should be sought. The genes involved in many of the currently known monoamine PNDs have been utilized in pre‐clinical and in phase I clinical trials in Parkinson disease (PD) and the basic principles could be applied to the therapy of PNDs with some modifications regarding the targeting and distribution of vectors. However, issues that go beyond neurotransmitter replacement are important considerations in PD and even more so in PNDs. Understanding the pathophysiology of PNDs including abnormal development resulting from the neurotransmitter deficiency will be critical for rational therapeutic approaches. Better animal models of PNDs are necessary to test gene therapy before clinical trials can be attempted.
Simultaneous Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Polyurethane from Pentaerythritol–Modified Castor Oil and Polystyrene: Structure–Property Relationships
Authors: Valero Manuel F. , Pulido Jorge E. , Ramírez Álvaro , Cheng Zhengdong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCastor oil was transesterified with pentaerythritol thereby introducing reactive hydroxyl groups. The method of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy was used to determine the components of the castor oil pentaerythritol alcoholysis products. Simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks of pentaerythritol modified castor oil and diphenyl‐methane 4‐4′ diisocyanate polyurethane (P1‐CO‐PU) and polystyrene (PS) were synthesized using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator and divinyl benzene as the crosslinker. The effect of PU/PS composition on the morphology, miscibility and physical properties of the resulting IPNs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, measurements of mechanical properties and resistance to chemical reagents. The patterns of the extent of the phase separation and the characteristics of the interpenetration reached as a function of the components were deduced.