bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between social isolation and glycaemic control of people previously diagnosed with diabetes: secondary analysis from the CHARLS
Authors: Lu Qiuping , Qu Liyuan , Xie Cuihua , Shu Yi , Gao Fang , Zou Mengchen , Fan Xinzhao , Luo Xiangrong , Meng Jianfu , Xue Yaoming , Cao Ying 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesSocial isolation may affect diabetes self-management. This study aimed to explore the relations between social isolation and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes and to explore lifestyle differences among individuals with different levels of social isolation.MethodsThe relevant data of 665 people previously diagnosed with diabetes included in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015 were extracted and analysed. The study included patient general information, blood glucose, lipids, glycosylated haemoglobin, social isolation index, health-related lifestyle factors and diabetes-related factors. Differences in metabolic abnormalities and modifiable lifestyles were compared among patients with varying levels of social isolation.ResultsMultiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that among men aged 45–64 years, the high social isolation group had significantly higher glycosylated haemoglobin levels compared with the low isolation group (7.29±1.81 vs 6.59±1.63, p=0.026). A positive correlation was observed between social isolation and blood glucose (β=14.16; 95% CI 2.75 to 25.57; p=0.015) and glycosylated haemoglobin (β=0.35; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.60; p=0.006), indicating that higher social isolation was associated with higher fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. However, no significant associations were observed in other age groups. Notably, men aged 45–65 years with high social isolation had higher depression rates (44.10% vs 24.60%, p=0.024), lower engagement in moderate exercise (5.70% vs 23.50%, p=0.019) and shorter 10-minute walks (17.10% vs 36.80%, p=0.027). Differences in other health-related and diabetes-related factors were not statistically significant.ConclusionMiddle-aged men with diabetes with higher social isolation tend to have higher blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. This subset of patients requires targeted attention to provide social support from family and friends for improved glycaemic control. If necessary, education on diabetes should be made available to family members and friends.
Scale Attentive Aggregation Network for Crowd Counting and Localization in Smart City
Authors: Zhai Wenzhe , Gao Mingliang , Guo Xiangyu , Zou Guofeng , Li Qilei , Jeon Gwanggil 
Published: March 2024

Recent years have witnessed a remarkable proliferation of applications in smart cities. Crowd analysis is a crucial subject, and it incorporates two subtasks in smart city systems,
i.e.
, crowd counting and crowd localization. Nevertheless, the presence of adverse intrinsic factors,
i.e.
, scale variation and background noise severely degrades the performance of counting and localization. Although great efforts have been made on separate research on counting and localization, few works are capable of performing both tasks at the same time. To this aim, the scale attentive aggregation network (SA
2
Net) is proposed to solve the problems of scale variation and background noise in crowd counting and localization tasks synchronously. Specifically, the SA
2
Net has two vital modules, namely multiscale feature aggregator (MFA) module and background noise suppressor (BNS) module. The MFA module is designed in a four-pathway structure, and it aggregates the multiscale feature so as to facilitate the correlation between different scales. The BNS module utilizes the contextual information between the input keys matrix and self-attention matrix to suppress the background noise. Furthermore, a global consistency loss combined with the Euclidean loss is utilized to optimize the network in counting and localization tasks. Extensive experimental results prove that the SA
2
Net outperforms the state-of-the-art competitors both subjectively and objectively.
FADO: Floorplan-Aware Directive Optimization Based on Synthesis and Analytical Models for High-Level Synthesis Designs on Multi-Die FPGAs
Authors: Du Linfeng , Liang Tingyuan , Zhou Xiaofeng , Ge Jinming , Li Shangkun , Sinha Sharad , Zhao Jieru , Xie Zhiyao , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2024

Multi-die FPGAs are widely adopted for large-scale accelerators, but optimizing high-level synthesis designs on these FPGAs faces two challenges. First, the delay caused by die-crossing nets creates an NP-hard floorplanning problem. Second, traditional directive optimization cannot consider resource constraints on each die or the timing issue incurred by the die-crossings. Furthermore, the high algorithmic complexity and the large scale lead to extended runtime for legalizing the floorplan of HLS designs under different directive configurations.
To co-optimize the directives and floorplan of HLS designs on multi-die FPGAs, we formulate the co-search based on bin-packing variants and present two iterative optimization flows. The first (FADO 1.0) relies on a pre-built QoR library. It involves a greedy, latency-bottleneck-guided directive search, and an incremental floorplan legalization. Compared with a global floorplanning solution, it takes 693X~4925X shorter search time and achieves 1.16X~8.78X better design performance, measured in workload execution time.
To remove the time-consuming QoR library generation, the second flow (FADO 2.0) integrates an analytical QoR model and redesigns the directive search to accelerate convergence. Through experiments on mixed dataflow and non-dataflow designs, compared with 1.0, FADO 2.0 further yields a 1.40X better design performance on average after implementation on the Alveo U250 FPGA.
Tempering the Security Council’s Expanded Perception of Threats to the Peace
Authors: Klamberg Mark , Lundgren Magnus , Sundström Karin , Ahlin Per 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The United Nations (UN) Security Council has expanded its understanding of threats to the peace with varying support from states. Some members of the Council have simultaneously sought to temper this development, both by providing caveats in the text of resolutions and by making statements when adopting the resolutions. This article examines how the Security Council and its members have justified their positions and actions in situations that may constitute threats to the peace. Existing scholarship has covered conceptual matters relating to Chapters vi and vii of the UN Charter, often illustrated with selected incidents. The contribution of this study is a systematic empirical analysis of how references to threats to the peace have evolved at and within the UN Security Council 1989–2019. The study combines broad quantitative analysis with qualitative case studies illustrating both the expansion of the Council’s perception of threats and the attempts by some states to temper this expansion.
Bone metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer: genomic characterization and exploration of potential targets
Authors: Gong Jiali , Hu Shumin , Shan Qianyun , Qin Jing , Han Na , Xie Fajun , Lu Hongyang 
Published: March 2024

Background: Bone metastasis (BM) seriously affects the quality of life and reduces the survival time of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The genomic characteristics and potential targets of BMs are yet to be fully explored. Objective: To explore the genetic characteristics and potential targets of BM in NSCLC. Design: In all, 83 patients with NSCLC were retrospectively selected in this study. Genomic characterization of BMs was explored with the analysis of NGS results from primary tumors and BMs in 6 patients, then combined with NGS results of lung tumors in 16 patients with initial recurrence in bone to analyze mutations potentially associated with BMs, and finally, the correlation was further validated in 61 postoperative patients. Methods: The next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify genomic differences between pulmonary primary tumors and BM. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed in postoperative tumor tissues from patients who had undergone radical surgery to validate the predictive role of molecular targets for BM. The correlation between cyclin-dependent kinase 4 ( CDK4) and BM was evaluated by Pearson’s chi-square test. The university of alabama at birminghan cancer data analysis portal (UALCAN) was carried out for the detection of CDK4 expression in lung cancer and the relationship between CDK4 and clinicopathological parameters. The relationship between prognosis and CDK4 expression was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier plotter. Results: The rate of gene amplification was increased (24% versus 36%) while gene substitution/indel was decreased (64% versus 52%) in BMs. The BM-specific mutations were analyzed in 16 recurrent patients which revealed the highest incidence of CDK4 amplification (18.8%). According to the Kaplan–Meier plotter database, the NSCLC patients with high CDK4 gene expression showed poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) ( p < 0.05). The incidence of CDK4 amplification tended to be higher in recurrent patients compared to the patients without BM (18.8% versus 4.7%, p = 0.118). Conclusion: Compared to the primary tumors of NSCLC, the genome of BMs showed an increased proportion of amplification and a decreased proportion of gene substitution/indel. Furthermore, the CDK4 amplification ratio seemed to be elevated in NSCLC patients with BM which may be associated with poor OS and RFS.
Force Compensation Control for Electro-Hydraulic Servo System with Pump–Valve Compound Drive via QFT–DTOC
Authors: Ba Kaixian , Wang Yuan , He Xiaolong , Wang Chunyu , Yu Bin , Liu Yaliang , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEach joint of a hydraulic-driven legged robot adopts a highly integrated hydraulic drive unit (HDU), which features a high power–weight ratio. However, most HDUs are throttling-valve-controlled cylinder systems, which exhibit high energy losses. By contrast, pump control systems offer a high efficiency. Nevertheless, their response ability is unsatisfactory. To fully utilize the advantages of pump and valve control systems, in this study, a new type of pump–valve compound drive system (PCDS) is designed, which can not only effectively reduce the energy loss, but can also ensure the response speed and response accuracy of the HDUs in robot joints to satisfy the performance requirements of robots. Herein, considering the force control requirements of energy conservation, high precision, and fast response of the robot joint HDU, a nonlinear mathematical model of the PCDS force control system is first introduced. In addition, pressure–flow nonlinearity, friction nonlinearity, load complexity and variability, and other factors affecting the system are considered, and a novel force control method based on quantitative feedback theory (QFT) and a disturbance torque observer (DTO) is designed, which is denoted as QFT–DTOC herein. This method improves the control accuracy and robustness of the force control system, reduces the effect of the disturbance torque on the control performance of the servo motor, and improves the overall force control performance of the system. Finally, experimental verification is performed using the PCDS performance test platform. The experimental results and quantitative data show that the QFT–DTOC proposed herein can significantly improve the force control performance of the PCDS. The relevant force control method can be used as a bottom-control method for the hydraulic servo system to provide a foundation for implementing the top-level trajectory planning of the robot.
Differential cognitive and behavioral development from 6 to 24 months in autism and fragile X syndrome
Authors: Mullin Lindsay J. , Rutsohn Joshua , Gross Julia L. , Caravella Kelly E. , Grzadzinski Rebecca L. , Weisenfeld Leigh Anne , Flake Lisa , Botteron Kelly N. , Dager Stephen R. , Estes Annette M. , Pandey Juhi , Schultz Robert T. , St. John Tanya , Wolff Jason J. , Shen Mark D. , Piven Joseph , Hazlett Heather C. , Girault Jessica B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpecifying early developmental differences among neurodevelopmental disorders with distinct etiologies is critical to improving early identification and tailored intervention during the first years of life. Recent studies have uncovered important differences between infants with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and infants with familial history of autism spectrum disorder who go on to develop autism themselves (FH-ASD), including differences in brain development and behavior. Thus far, there have been no studies longitudinally investigating differential developmental skill profiles in FXS and FH-ASD infants.MethodsThe current study contrasted longitudinal trajectories of verbal (expressive and receptive language) and nonverbal (gross and fine motor, visual reception) skills in FXS and FH-ASD infants, compared to FH infants who did not develop ASD (FH-nonASD) and typically developing controls.ResultsInfants with FXS showed delays on a nonverbal composite compared to FH-ASD (as well as FH-nonASD and control) infants as early as 6 months of age. By 12 months an ordinal pattern of scores was established between groups on all domains tested, such that controls > FH-nonASD > FH-ASD > FXS. This pattern persisted through 24 months. Cognitive level differentially influenced developmental trajectories for FXS and FH-ASD.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate detectable group differences by 6 months between FXS and FH-ASD as well as differential trajectories on each domain throughout infancy. This work further highlights an earlier onset of global cognitive delays in FXS and, conversely, a protracted period of more slowly emerging delays in FH-ASD. Divergent neural and cognitive development in infancy between FXS and FH-ASD contributes to our understanding of important distinctions in the development and behavioral phenotype of these two groups.
Evolutionary history of an Irano-Turanian cushion-forming legume (Onobrychis cornuta)
Authors: Tayebi Zahra , Moghaddam Mahtab , Mahmoodi Mohammad , Kazempour-Osaloo Shahrokh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Irano-Turanian region is one of the largest floristic regions in the world and harbors a high percentage of endemics, including cushion-like and dwarf-shrubby taxa. Onobrychis cornuta is an important cushion-forming element of the subalpine/alpine flora of the Irano-Turanian floristic region. To specify the genetic diversity among the populations of this species (including individuals of O. elymaitica), we employed nrDNA ITS and two noncoding regions of plastid DNA (rpl32-trnL(UAG) and trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA)). The most striking feature of O. cornuta assemblages was the unexpectedly high nucleotide diversity in both the nDNA and cpDNA dataset. In the analyses of nuclear and plastid regions, 25 ribotypes and 42 haplotypes were found among 77 and 59 accessions, respectively, from Iran, Turkey, and Afghanistan. Network analysis of the datasets demonstrated geographic differentiation within the species. Phylogenetic analyses of all dataset retrieved O. cornuta as a non-monophyletic species due to the inclusion of O. elymaitica, comprising four distinct lineages. In addition, our analyses showed cytonuclear discordance between both nuclear and plastid topologies regarding the position of some O. cornuta individuals. The underlying causes of this inconsistency remain unclear. However, we speculate that chloroplast capture, incomplete lineage sorting, and introgression were the main reasons for this event. Furthermore, molecular dating analysis indicated that O. cornuta originated in the early Pliocene (around 4.8 Mya) and started to diversify throughout the Pliocene and in particular the Pleistocene. Moreover, O. elymaitica was reduced to a subspecific rank within the species.
Association of greenspaces exposure with cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sharifi Yasaman , Sobhani Sahar , Ramezanghorbani Nahid , Payab Moloud , Ghoreshi Behnaz , Djalalinia Shirin , Nouri Ghonbalani Zahra , Ebrahimpur Mahbube , Eslami Maysa , Qorbani Mostafa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiometabolic conditions are major contributors to the global burden of disease. An emerging body of evidence has associated access to and surrounding public open spaces (POS) and greenspace with cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, body mass index (BMI), hypertension (HTN), blood glucose (BG), and lipid profiles. This systematic review aimed to synthesize this evidence.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. Four electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible articles published until July 2023. All observational studies which assessed the association of greenspace and POS with cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, BMI, HTN, BG, and lipid profiles were included and reviewed by two authors independently. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 index and Cochrane’s Q test. Random/fixed effect meta-analyses were used to combine the association between greenspace exposure with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Results
Overall, 118 relevant articles were included in our review. The majority of the articles were conducted in North America or Europe. In qualitative synthesis, access or proximity to greenspaces or POS impacts BMI and blood pressure or HTN, BG, and lipid profiles via various mechanisms. According to the random effect meta-analysis, more access to greenspace was significantly associated with lower odds of HTN (odds ratio (OR): 0.81, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.61–0.99), obesity (OR: 0.83, 95% CIs: 0.77–0.90), and diabetes (OR:0.79, 95% CI: 0.67,0.90).

Conclusions
Findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that greenspace accessibility is associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors. Improving greenspace accessibility could be considered as one of the main strategies to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors at population level.
Characterization of primary small intestinal lymphoma: a retrospective study based on double balloon endoscopy
Authors: Li Lin , Ma Huijian , Niu Meng , Chen Chunxiao , Yu Chaohui , Zhang Hong , Jin Meng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of primary small intestinal lymphoma (PSIL) is difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and endoscopic characteristics of PSIL and provide clue for diagnosis.

Methods
A total of 30 patients diagnosed with PSIL who underwent double balloon endoscopy (DBE) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical, radiological and endoscopic data were collected. Univariate analysis was used to determine significant indicators for differentiating three main subtypes of PSIL. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for survival.

Results
In this study, 10 patients were pathologically diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 11 were indolent B-cell lymphoma (BCL) and 9 were T-cell lymphoma (TCL). Compared with DLBCL patients, the body mass index (BMI) of TCL patients was significantly lower (p = 0.004). Meanwhile, compared with patients with DLBCL, the patients with indolent BCL had lower levels of C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), fibrinogen and D-Dimer (p = 0.004, p = 0.004, p = 0.006, and p = 0.002, respectively), and lower proportion of thicker intestinal wall and aneurysmal dilation in CT scan (p = 0.003 and p = 0.020, respectively). In terms of ulcer morphology, patients with DLBCL had significantly higher proportion of deep ulcers than patients with indolent BCL (p = 0.020, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that drink (p = 0.034), concomitant colonic ulcers (p = 0.034) and elevated LDH (p = 0.043) are risk factors for mortality in patients with PSIL.

Conclusions
This study provides clinical characteristics of patients with PSIL. Thicker intestinal wall and aneurismal dilation detected on CT scan and deeper ulcer on DBE examination helps to establish a diagnosis of DLBCL.
Possible potential spread of Anopheles stephensi, the Asian malaria vector
Authors: Liu Qing , Wang Ming , Du Yu-Tong , Xie Jing-Wen , Yin Zi-Ge , Cai Jing-Hong , Zhao Tong-Yan , Zhang Heng-Duan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnopheles stephensiis native to Southeast Asia and the Arabian Peninsula and has emerged as an effective and invasive malaria vector. Since invasion was reported in Djibouti in 2012, the global invasion range ofAn. stephensihas been expanding, and its high adaptability to the environment and the ongoing development of drug resistance have created new challenges for malaria control. Climate change is an important factor affecting the distribution and transfer of species, and understanding the distribution ofAn. stephensiis an important part of malaria control measures, including vector control.MethodsIn this study, we collected existing distribution data forAn. stephensi, and based on the SSP1-2.6 future climate data, we used the Biomod2 package in R Studio through the use of multiple different model methods such as maximum entropy models (MAXENT) and random forest (RF) in this study to map the predicted globalAn. stephensiclimatically suitable areas.ResultsAccording to the predictions of this study, some areas where there are no current records ofAn. stephensi, showed significant areas of climatically suitable forAn. stephensi. In addition, the global climatically suitability areas forAn. stephensiare expanding with global climate change, with some areas changing from unsuitable to suitable, suggesting a greater risk of invasion ofAn. stephensiin these areas, with the attendant possibility of a resurgence of malaria, as has been the case in Djibouti.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the possible invasion and expansion ofAn. stephensiand serves as a reference for the optimization of targeted monitoring and control strategies for this malaria vector in potential invasion risk areas.