bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LSB‐XOR technique for securing captured images from disaster by UAVs in B5G networks
Authors: Syed Farheen , Alsamhi Saeed Hamood , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Saif Abdu 
Published: March 2024

SummaryRecently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) technology has been utilized to monitor and capture images from disasters to analyze, process, and take action in real‐time for a speedy recovery. UAVs represent one of the critical technologies used beyond the fifth generation (B5G) of heterogeneous networks. Due to the sensitive data captured from disaster areas by UAVs, security has become a significant concern. Therefore, effective methods are needed to defend collected data against hackers and fictional activity by untrusted users. Audio encryption technologies can be applied to military communication, multimedia, medical, telemedical, and the internet. The present work introduces a novel Steganographic technique of converting an image to audio using LSB coding with XOR operation, ensuring the audio signal is protected using a key and maintains the excellent quality of the signal regenerated. Python3 is used for the implementation of the proposed technique. The findings show significant improvement in MSE and SSIM contexts.
Gallium Hydride‐Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Unsaturated Organic Substrates
Authors: Rajput Sagrika , Sahoo Rajata Kumar , Sarkar Nabin , Nembenna Sharanappa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe first examples of tetrasubstituted conjugated bis‐guanidinate (CBG) supported monomeric and thermally stable gallium dihalides [LGaX2], (X=Cl (Ga−Cl), I (Ga−I)) and dihydride (Ga−H) [LGaH2] (where L={(ArHN)(ArN)−C=N−C=(NAr)(NHAr)}; Ar=2,6‐Et2−C6H3) compounds are reported. The reaction ofin situgenerated LLi with 1.0 equiv. GaX3(X=Cl, I) afforded compoundsGa−ClandGa−I. The reaction betweenGa−Cland Li[HBEt3] in benzene yielded the dihydride compoundGa−H. All reported compounds (Ga−Cl,Ga−I, andGa−H) were characterized by NMR, HRMS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.Ga−Hwas probed for the hydroboration of carbodiimides (CDI), isocyanates, and isothiocyanates with HBpin. CompoundGa−Hwas also found effective for the catalytic hydroboration of imines, nitriles, alkynes, esters, and formates, affording the corresponding products in quantitative yields. Stoichiometric reactions with a CDI were performed to establish the catalytic cycle.
Enhanced Intersystem Crossing in a Thiohelicene
Authors: Bergwinkl Sebastian , Nuernberger Patrick , Dick Bernhard , Kutta Roger Jan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe photophysics of a helicene derivative in which two benzene units are replaced by thiophene units (thiohelicene, 6H) was studied by steady state and transient absorption and emission spectroscopies covering time ranges from femtoseconds to minutes. Efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet state was observed, by far exceeding that of the parent helicene and the corresponding oxo‐helicene. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the helical distortion and the heavy atom effect of sulfur cooperate in promoting spin‐orbit coupling, and that the most efficient decay channel involved the T2 or even the T3 state. These insights can help in the design of more efficient triplet sensitizers for many applications.
Clinical performance of custom‐milled polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) posts and cores: A 12‐month follow‐up randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Ghanem Naif , Ali Hasan , Bahrli Nasser , Hassan Hazem 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesComparing the survival rate and the cumulative success rates of custom‐milled polyetherketone ketone posts and cores (MPP) with prefabricated fiber posts (PFP) in restoring compromised endodontically treated premolars.Material and MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, parallel, two‐arm controlled pilot study. A total of 24 patients (12 males, 12 females), each had a compromised lower premolar, needed a root canal treatment and to be restored with post and core. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups, MPP‐group: restored with MPP, and PFP‐group: restored with PFP and composite cores. After that, premolars were restored with single porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns. Clinical and radiographic follow‐ups were conducted after 3, 6, and 12 months. The Kaplan–Meier, log‐Rank, and χ2 tests were used to investigate differences between the two groups at the 0.05 significance level.ResultsThe survival rate after 12 months in the MPP and PFP groups was 66.7% and 100%, respectively. Meanwhile, the cumulative success rates were 63.6% and 100% in the same order. The log‐rank test showed a significant difference between the two groups (p = .031). The difference in cumulative success rates was also significant, as the χ2 test revealed (p = .011).ConclusionThe PFP group showed a higher success rate than the MPP group and according to the failure types, PEKK posts seem to be inferior to PFP in terms of the mechanical properties and bonding to resin mechanism. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN13456471. October, 14, 2019. (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN13456471ISRCTN13456471).
Accuracy of maxillary full‐arch digital impressions of tooth and implant models made by two intraoral scanners
Authors: Siadat Hakimeh , Chitsaz Foujan , Zeighami Somayeh , Esmaeilzadeh Alireza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesLimited studies are available on the accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOSs) for full‐arch implant and tooth models. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of maxillary full‐arch digital impressions of tooth and implant models made by two IOSs.Materials and MethodsThis in vitro, experimental study was conducted on two maxillary dentiform models: one with six prepared natural teeth and the other with six implants at the site of canine, first premolar, and first molar teeth, bilaterally. A highly accurate industrial scanner was used for actual measurements on the models that served as the reference scan. TS (Trios3) and CO (CEREC Omnicam) IOSs were then used to scan each model 10 times according to the manufacturer's instructions. All scans were saved in STL format. The GOM Inspect software was used according to the best‐fit algorithm to compare the accuracy of measurements in the groups with the reference scan. The trueness and precision were calculated. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS by one‐way analysis of variance and t‐test (α = .05).ResultsTS showed a significantly higher trueness than CO for both tooth and implant models (p < .05). TS also revealed significantly higher precision than CO for the tooth model; however, the difference in precision for the implant model was not significant between the two IOSs (p > .05).ConclusionsTS showed higher accuracy than CO in both tooth and implant models.
Clinical and radiographic periodontal status in hypertensive patients with or without obstructive sleep apnea 10 years after diagnosis and CPAP initiation
Authors: Kvarnvik Christine , Ahonen Hanna , Jansson Henrik , Broström Anders , Stensson Malin , Sayardoust Shariel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThrough inflammation and hyposalivation, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is suggested to affect periodontal status over time. Our aim was to compare the clinical and radiographic periodontal status of hypertensive patients with or without long‐term presence of OSA, treated or untreated with continuous positive airway pressure treatment (CPAP).Materials and MethodsIn 2007–2009, a screening for OSA was conducted among 394 hypertensive primary care patients. Polygraphy was used to create three groups: no OSA, non‐CPAP, or adherent CPAP based on the apnea hypopnea index (AHI). After 10 years, a cross‐sectional sleep and periodontal examination including a clinical and radiographic examination, a questionnaire, and a matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) chair‐side test was conducted. Based on levels of alveolar bone, bleeding on probing (BoP), and probing pocket depth (PPD), patients were categorized into four periodontal stages: periodontal health/gingivitis and three periodontal disease stages. Periodontal status and periodontal stages were compared between the OSA (n = 49), non‐CPAP (n = 38), or adherent CPAP (n = 34) groups.ResultsThe 121 patients (53% women) had a median age of 71 years. No differences were seen between the OSA groups regarding median number of teeth (p = .061), teeth/implants, (p = .107), plaque index (p = .245), BoP (p = .848), PPD ≥ 4 mm (p = .561), PPD ≥ 6 mm (p = .630), presence of MMP‐8 (p = .693) except for bone loss (p = .011). Among patients with stage periodontal health/gingivitis a significant difference was seen, as 70% of those were categorized as no OSA, 20% as non‐CPAP, and 10% as adherent CPAP (p = .029). Differences were not seen in periodontal disease stages.ConclusionsHypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) did not have an adverse clinical periodontal status compared to patients without OSA. However, when combining radiographic and clinical status into periodontal stages, patients without OSA more frequently exhibited periodontal health or gingivitis compared to patients without OSA, regardless of CPAP treatment.
Intracanal microbiome profiles of two apical periodontitis cases in one patient: A comparison with saliva and plaque profiles
Authors: Yamaki Keiko , Tamahara Toru , Washio Jumpei , Sato Takuichi , Shimizu Ritsuko , Yamada Satoru 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the characteristics of the endodontic microbiome.Material and MethodsSaliva, plaque, and infected root canal wall dentin of two teeth suffering from apical periodontitis were harvested from a 58‐year‐old man. Bacterial DNA was extracted from each sample, and 16S rRNA gene analysis targeting the V3–V4 region was conducted on the Illumina MiSeq platform using QIIME2. The functional potential of the microbiomes was inferred using PICRUSt2.ResultsThe four microbiomes were different in structure and membership, yet the nine most abundant metabolic pathways were common among them. The two endodontic microbiomes were more anaerobic, rich in Firmicutes, and scarce in Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, compared with saliva and plaque microbiomes. Their profiles were dissimilar despite their clinical and radiographic similarities.ConclusionsThe endodontic microbiomes were anaerobic, rich in Firmicutes, scarce in Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, and considerably varied within an individual.
Antibacterial coating of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures with silver and bismuth nanofilms by magnetron sputtering: A feasibility study
Authors: Schubert Andrea , Griesmüller Carolin , Gersdorff Nikolaus , Bürgers Ralf , Wiechens Bernhard , Wassmann Torsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesMagnetron sputtering was evaluated to equip surfaces of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures with silver and bismuth nanofilms.Material and MethodsAntibacterial properties were evaluated by the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Polyurethane‐based elastomeric ligatures were coated with silver and bismuth nanofilms via direct current magnetron sputtering. Surface roughness (Ra) and surface‐free energy (SFE) were assessed. Coated specimens were incubated with S. mutans for 2 h. Adhering bacteria were visualized by Hoechst staining and quantified by an ATP‐based luminescence assay. One‐way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc testing and Pearson correlation analysis were performed (p < .05) to relate bacterial adhesion to surface roughness and surface‐free energy.ResultsElastomeric ligatures were successfully coated with silver and bismuth nanofilms. Ra was significantly reduced by silver coating. Silver and bismuth coatings showed significantly higher SFE than controls. Adhesion of S. mutans was significantly decreased by silver coating. No correlation between bacterial adhesion and SFE was found. Correlation between bacterial adhesion and Ra was positive but not statistically significant.ConclusionsMagnetron sputtering proved to be a feasible method to equip orthodontic elastomeric ligatures with silver and bismuth nanofilms. Silver coatings of elastomeric ligatures may reduce white spots and carious lesions in orthodontic patients. Future research is required to stabilize coatings.
Unveiling the epigenetic landscape of plants using flow cytometry approach
Authors: Jyoti Thakur Prava , Chandel Shivani , Singh Rajveer 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlants are sessile creatures that have to adapt constantly changing environmental circumstances. Plants are subjected to a range of abiotic stressors as a result of unpredictable climate change. Understanding how stress‐responsive genes are regulated can help us better understand how plants can adapt to changing environmental conditions. Epigenetic markers that dynamically change in response to stimuli, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications are known to regulate gene expression. Individual cells or particles' physical and/or chemical properties can be measured using the method known as flow cytometry. It may therefore be used to evaluate changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and other epigenetic markers, making it a potent tool for researching epigenetics in plants. We explore the use of flow cytometry as a technique for examining epigenetic traits in this thorough discussion. The separation of cell nuclei and their subsequent labeling with fluorescent antibodies, offering information on the epigenetic mechanisms in plants when utilizing flow cytometry. We also go through the use of high‐throughput data analysis methods to unravel the complex epigenetic processes occurring inside plant systems.
Associations between disordered eating, internalizing symptoms, and behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition in preadolescence
Authors: Thomas Kai S. , Jones Catherine R. G. , Williams Marc O. , Vanderwert Ross E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResponse inhibition difficulties are reported in individuals with eating disorders (EDs), anxiety, and depression. Although ED symptoms and internalizing symptoms co‐occur in preadolescence, there is limited research examining associations between these symptoms and response inhibition in this age group. This study is the first to investigate the associations between behavioral and neural markers of response inhibition, disordered eating (DE), and internalizing symptoms in a community sample of preadolescents. Forty‐eight children (M age = 10.95 years, 56.3% male) completed a Go/NoGo task, whereas electroencephalography was recorded. Self‐report measures of DE and internalizing symptoms were collected. Higher levels of anxiety and depression were associated with neural markers of suboptimal response inhibition (attenuated P3NoGo amplitudes) in preadolescence. In contrast, higher levels of depression were associated with greater response inhibition at a behavioral level. These findings suggest internalizing symptoms in preadolescence are associated with P3‐indexed difficulties in evaluation and monitoring, but these are not sufficient to disrupt behavioral performance on a response inhibition task. This pattern may reflect engagement of compensatory processes to support task performance. DE was not significantly associated with response inhibition, suggesting that difficulties in response inhibition may only be reliably observed in more chronic and severe DE and ED presentations.
Severe hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia awareness are associated with preclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 1 diabetes without an estimated high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Mesa Alex , Giménez Marga , Perea Verónica , Serés‐Noriega Tonet , Boswell Laura , Blanco Jesús , Milad Camila , Pané Adriana , Esmatjes Enric , Vinagre Irene , Conget Ignacio , Viñals Clara , Amor Antonio J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo explore the relationship between severe hypoglycemia (SH) and hypoglycemia awareness with preclinical atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional study in patients with T1D without cardiovascular disease (CVD), and with ≥1 of the following: ≥40 years, diabetic kidney disease, or ≥10 years of T1D duration with another risk factor. CVD risk was estimated with the Steno T1 Risk Engine (Steno‐Risk). Carotid plaque was evaluated using standardised ultrasonography protocol. Logistic regression models adjusted for CVD risk factors were constructed to test the independent associations with SH or hypoglycemia awareness assessed by the Clarke questionnaire (Clarke). The inclusion of SH and Clarke in Steno‐Risk was further evaluated.ResultsWe included 634 patients (52.4% men, age 48.3 ± 10.8 years, T1D duration 27.4 ± 11.1 years, 39.9% harbouring plaque). A stepped increase in the presence of plaque according to Steno‐Risk was observed (13.5%, 37.7%, and 68.7%, for low, moderate, and high risk, respectively; p < 0.001). SH history (OR 4.4 [1.3–14.6]) and Clarke score (OR 1.7 [1.2–2.2]) were associated with plaque in low‐risk patients (n = 192). Clarke score was also associated with plaque burden in low‐moderate‐risk participants (n = 436; ≥2 plaques: OR 1.2 [1.0–1.5], p = 0.031; ≥3 plaques: OR 1.4 [1.1–2.0], p = 0.025). The inclusion of SH and Clarke scores in Steno‐Risk significantly improved the identification of low‐risk individuals with atherosclerosis (area under the curve: 0.658 vs. 0.576; p = 0.036).ConclusionsIn patients with T1D without an estimated high CVD risk, SH and hypoglycemia awareness assessment score were independently associated with preclinical atherosclerosis and improved identification of patients who would benefit from an intensive approach.
Self‐referential processing in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Gu Serena J. , Aimufua Ivieosa , Pagliaccio David , Shankman Stewart A. , Steinglass Joanna E. , Auerbach Randy P. , Walsh B. Timothy , Ranzenhofer Lisa M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric illness associated with significant medical and psychiatric comorbidity and impairment. Theoretical models of AN and self‐report studies suggest that negative self‐evaluation (i.e., low self‐esteem) is related to the development and maintenance of AN. The goal of this study was to extend findings from self‐report methodology using a neurocognitive task that probes self‐evaluation implicitly and explicitly.MethodWe compared female adolescent and adult patients with AN (n = 35) and healthy controls (HC, n = 38) on explicit (i.e., endorsement of words as self‐relevant), implicit (recall, recognition, reaction time), and composite (i.e., valence index, bias score, drift rates) indices of self‐evaluation. We applied a drift‐diffusion model to compute the drift rates, reflecting participants' decision‐making process as to whether words were self‐relevant. The association between self‐evaluation indices and eating disorder severity was examined.ResultsThere were significant Group × Condition interaction effects for all explicit and implicit measures (all p's ≤ .01), where the AN group endorsed, recalled, and recognized more negative relative to positive words than HC. The AN group had more negative valence index and bias scores, and slower drift rate away from negative words, reflecting more negative self‐evaluation. The finding for recall was attenuated when individuals with depression were excluded. Measures of self‐evaluation bias were not related to eating disorder severity.DiscussionUsing a neurocognitive approach that includes explicit and implicit indices of bias, results suggest that patients with AN have more negative self‐evaluation. Due to the cross‐sectional design, additional studies are needed to further evaluate directionality.Public SignificanceNegative self‐evaluation/low self‐esteem is thought to contribute to eating disorder symptoms. Findings of this study using a neurocognitive task to probe self‐evaluation suggested that individuals with anorexia nervosa have more negative self‐evaluation, reflected by endorsing and remembering more negative (than positive) words compared to healthy controls, and doing so faster. Targeting the construct of negative self‐evaluation in treatment of AN may be warranted.
Game‐based distributed energy‐sharing model for prosumers in microgrids considering carbon emissions and its fast equilibrium‐finding method
Authors: Zheng Xinze , Li Qiang , Yuan Juzhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, energy sharing has attracted a lot of attention. However, the intermediate platforms in centralized energy‐sharing methods cause the rapid growth of communication complexity and the risk of privacy leakage. Unlike complex energy‐sharing market mechanisms, in this paper, a simple and efficient distributed energy sharing for microgrids (MGs) is proposed, where game theory is employed to form flexible prices for prosumers and only local information is used to improve the privacy protection of prosumers. First, prosumers located in different areas are characterized more precisely and a two‐tier carbon emission cost model is built. Next, a game‐theory‐based distributed energy‐sharing model is proposed, where a flexible pricing mechanism is developed to enable prosumers to independently reach price agreements and achieve supply–demand balance within MGs. In the process, optimization models for obtaining equilibrium are formed and only local information is needed. However, solving these optimization models is generally time‐consuming. So, a distributed optimization method based on weighted subgradients is proposed to accelerate the equilibrium‐finding process. Finally, four cases are designed, and simulation results demonstrate that the prosumers' costs of our method are reduced by 7.5%–22.5% compared to the costs obtained by feed‐in tariff. Moreover, in the case of solving the distributed trading model for an MG at a 24‐h time scale, the iteration numbers of our method are only 38.9% and 49.3% of the two traditional solving methods.
Environmental impact and damage assessment of oil trunkline transportation by life cycle assessment method
Authors: Saedi Amir hosein , Aliabadi Yeganeh , Ahmadi Abolfazl , Mirzavand Hamed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs climate issues gradually attract public attention worldwide, the operation of crude oil pipelines has been attached with new emission‐reduction targets. Though previous studies concerning life cycle assessment (LCA) of oil and gas pipelines have estimated the carbon footprint to some extent, there is a lack of research on life cycle carbon emissions that take the process of crude oil pipelines transportation. the main objective of this study is to build a comprehensive LCA model of carbon footprint for crude oil pipeline systems. A gate‐to‐gate analysis is provided for the LCA model, which means that the entire pipeline's life cycle from the extraction to disposal is considered. The LCA approach used both midpoint and endpoint impact assessment methods to evaluate the environmental impacts of crude oil pipeline transportation in Iran. The study analyzed the major environmental impact categories, such as greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, water usage, and solid waste generation. The results showed that the crude oil pipelines transportation has significant environmental impacts in Iran. The three highest impacts on the midpoint scale are marine ecotoxicity by 61.54 kg 1,4‐DCB, terrestrial ecotoxicity by 52.26 kg 1,4‐DCB and fossil resource scarcity by 40.22 kg oil eq. The endpoint impacts of three stations were also compared. The Chamran, Abadan and Zanganeh stations have 95.44%, 94.22%, and 6% impacts on human health, respectively. Also, Abadan station has the largest amount of damage to ecosystems and resources with 96.65% and 80.02%, respectively. The findings of this study could be used by policymakers, oil companies, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions and implement strategies to reduce the environmental impact of oil transportation in Iran.