bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reinvestigation of the origin of cells in grafted tumours, using the mouse T6 marker chromosome
Authors: Croft C. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a mouse chromosome marker technique, it was found that host cells were rare in transplants of a chemically induced sarcoma, and absent in a human adenovirus type 12‐induced tumour. However, host cells were found in four of nine transplants of a Moloney virus‐induced lymphoma and, in three of these, they constituted the majority of mitotic cells. The nature of the host cells, and the possible importance of the part played by infective virus particles in the continued growth of this tumour, are discussed.
A mathematical model for the age distribution of cancer in man
Authors: Cook P. J. , Doll Richard , Fellingham S. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIncidence data that have been collected by cancer registries in different parts of the world provide an opportunity for examining the relationship between cancer incidence and age on a wider scale and more accurately than has been possible before. In the present paper the relationship has been examined in a large group of cancers whose incidence increases progressively from young adult life into old age.Five‐year age‐specific incidence rates between 35 and 74 years of age were recorded for 31 types of cancer (22 in men and 9 in women) in 11 populations, and the median age of each age group was used to characterize the group. The data were used to find the best fitting constants for each type of cancer in each population, in the equation:

where I is the incidence at age t, and b and k are constants. With this equation a straight line is obtained, when incidence and age are plotted on a double logarithmic scale.On visual examination, 21% (72 out of 338) of the sets of data appeared to fit the relationship closely. In 54% (181 out of 338) the lines showed downward curvature; that is, the rate of increase with age was less than predicted by the equation; and in 25% (85 out of 338) the lines showed upward curvature. In one‐third of the total the differences were too great to be readily attributable to chance.An alternative hypothesis was examined which postulated that the risk of cancer was determined, not by the age of the subject, but by the prevalence of carcinogenic agents and the length of time the subject had been exposed to them. The equation was then written:

where w is a constant and t‐w represents the ‘effective exposure’ between first exposure and the first appearance of cancer as a pathological entity.The data for cancer of the prostate were found to fit the equation adequately in all 11 populations, when w was 32.5 years.No evidence was found to suggest that the shape of the observed relationship could be attributed to attenuation of a limited pool of susceptibles.Changes in prevalence of carcinogenic agents could account for the variation in the pattern of the observed relationship, and the conditions under which this might occur are discussed.Differences in the estimated value of k (the power of the effective exposure time in the equation), were examined between (i) types of cancer and (ii) populations. The results were not wholly consistent but suggested that the value of k might be a biological constant characteristic of the tissue in which the cancer is produced.
Immunological studies on mouse mammary tumors. III. Surface antigens reacting with tumor‐specific antibodies in immune adherence
Authors: Nishioka Kusuya , Irie Reiko Furuse , Kawana Takashi , Takeuchi Shoshichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor‐specific antibodies reacted with an isografted ascitic form of mouse mammary tumor, MM2, with a higher sensitivity in an immune adherence test than in an immune cytotoxicity test.Immune adherence and immune adherence inhibition tests were applied for the detection of surface antigens of MM2 tumor reacting with tumor‐specific antibodies. After treatment with ether, ethanol, methanol, ethanol‐ether mixture, acetone, chloroform‐methanol mixture, deoxycholate, triton × 100, snake venoms, phospholipase A, or heating at 100° C for 15 minutes, the MM2 cells did not react with syngeneic antibodies in immune adherence. The reactivity of the cells was not suppressed by heating at 62° C for 15 minutes after treatment with deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, proteinases, neuraminidase, ultraviolet irradiation or freezing and thawing.In the immune adherence inhibition test, deoxycholate extract or triton × 100 extract of MM2 cells inhibited the immune adherence reactivity of syngeneic antibodies with MM2 cells, while the organic solvent extracts did not. This indicates that antigenic material was extractable in deoxycholate or triton × 100.After removal of surface antigens with 0.1% deoxycholate, fractions were prepared from treated MM2 cells. Fractions precipitated at 105,000 × g (microsomal fractions) as well as fractions precipitated at 11,000 × g (mitochondrial fractions) inhibited the immune adherence reactivity of tumor‐specific antibodies with MM2, indicating that antigens were also present in these fractions.
Radiosensitivity and growth of friend leukemia virus studied with the spleen focus assay method
Authors: Axelrad A. A. , Thomson S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadiobiological and growth properties of a spleen focus‐forming strain of Friend Leukemia Virus (FV) have been investigated with the spleen focus assay method. The sensitivity of FV to ultraviolet light (2537 Å) and to 60Co γ‐rays was determined by irradiation of virus preparations in vitro to different doses and, at each radiation dose, measurement of the surviving fraction of spleen focus‐forming activity of the virus in SIM mice. Bacteriophage T4 mixed with the virus preparations served as internal dosimeter. It was found that for UV irradiation, the D10 of FV was 4.8 × 103 ergs/mm2. For ionizing radiation, the D10 of FV was 5.6 × 104 rads.The multiplication of FV in vivo was investigated by measurement of virus titers in the spleen at various times following the intravenous injection of FV into SIM mice. Immediately after injection of a high dose of FV, 2–3% of the input virus reached the spleen. Its concentration then fell rapidly to a minimum at around 16 hours. Then the virus concentration in the spleen increased exponentially with a doubling time of 4–6 hours until the 5th day, when it reached a plateau lasting at least 18 days. The concentration of FV recoverable from the spleen at various times after infection was found to be related to the input dose of virus. Accumulation of virus in plasma paralleled the increase in virus content of the spleen.Supralethal irradiation of SIM mice prior to or soon after infection by FV drastically reduced the amount of virus that could be recovered from the spleen at all times thereafter.
Concomitant immunity in hamsters bearing dmba‐induced tumor transplants
Authors: Lausch Robert N. , Rapp Fred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHamsters bearing progressively growing DMBA‐induced tumor transplants were found to make a specific immune response to the neoplasm. This response was identified because animals bearing DMBA tumors rejected concentrations of DMBA‐transformed cells that were capable of inducing tumors in normal animals. This concomitant immunity was detectable even when the immunizing and challenge cells were inoculated simultaneously. Animals bearing DMBA‐induced tumor cell transplants were not protected against challenge with hamster cells transformed by simian papovavirus SV40, confirming the specificity of the concomitant immunity being studied.
Transmission of mammary tumor virus by female gr mice: results of egg transplantation
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPronuclear eggs and blastocysts obtained from GR mice were transferred to mammary tumor virus‐free recipients. GR hybrid offspring were obtained which developed mammary tumors and transmitted virus to foster‐nursed test mice. Eggs of GR mice contain information leading to production of mammary tumor virus and development of tumors at adult age.Eggs of virus‐free mice were transplanted into GR mothers and the developing offspring subsequently delivered by Cesarean section. Intra‐uterine transmission of mammary tumor virus could not be demonstrated.Mice belonging to two different strains were foster‐nursed on GR hybrid mothers. These infected mice transmitted virus by means of their milk but not via the egg.The results are discussed and compared with observations made on transmission of leukemia viruses.
Cross‐reacting tstas in adeno 7 and 12 tumors demonstrated by 51CR‐Cytotoxicity and isograft rejection tests
Authors: Ankerst Jaro , Sjögren Hans O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntisera of mice hyperimmunized against syngeneic X‐irradiated adeno 12 tumor cells were tested for complement‐dependent cytotoxicity against an adeno 7 and an adeno 12 hamster tumor by a 51Cr‐cytotoxic test, developed to work on non‐lymphoid target cells. Significant isotope release above the level of release obtained after exposure to control sera was recorded with both tumors. There was no similar release from BHK‐C13 control hamster cells. The cytotoxic effect on hamster adeno 7 tumor cells was confirmed by the colony inhibition technique. Furthermore, it was demonstrated by transplantation tests in mice that the hamster adeno 7 tumor cells were immunogenic, causing an isograft immunity to adeno 12 tumors similar to that induced by adeno 12 hamster and mouse tumor cells.
The investigation of the cellular type of immunity in patients with lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative diseases
Authors: Libánský J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDelayed hypersenstivity to streptokinase and tuberculin used as antigens, and the capacity to form antibodies to streptokinase, were investigated in various malignant blood diseases and the results were compared with those found in some other diseases and in a control group of healthy subjects.It was found that anergy similar to that seen in Hodgkin's disease (also confirmed in this work) can be found with regard to two antigens in reticulosarcoma, myeloma, acute leukaemia and chronic myelosis. In myelofibrosis partial anergy was observed only with streptokinase but not with tuberculin antigen. The anergy was in general not correlated with the absolute lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood nor with the treatment given.The increase in antistreptokinase antibodies after immunization with streptokinase was investigated. This administration of the antigen (secondary response) gave results which did not differ from those in controls in Hodgkin's disease, reticulosarcoma, acute leukaemia and chronic myelosis. In myeloma and especially in chronic lymphatic leukaemia, however, the antibody‐forming capacity was significantly decreased. Thus, the results point to a dissociation in the immunological response: in Hodgkin's disease, reticulosarcoma, acute leukaemia and chronic myelosis, there is a significant decrease in the response of the cellular type with preservation of antibody‐forming power. In myeloma both types of reactions are decreased. In chronic lymphatic leukaemia antibody‐forming capacity is reduced with relatively good preservation of the cellular type of reactivity.Delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin was also depressed in patients with sarcoidosis although tested during remission, whereas skin sensitivity to streptokinase was preserved. In patients with pancytopenia the delayed hypersensitivity was only slightly suppressed, but there was a tendency to produce higher antibody titres against streptokinase than in the controls, although the difference was not statistically significant. There were similar findings in patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.
Relationship between previous reproductive history and chemically induced mammary cancer in rats
Authors: Moon Richard C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between a previous history of multiple pregnancies and/or lactations and 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene‐induced mammary carcinogenesis was studied in groups of Sprague‐Dawley rats. All rats received the carcinogen at approximately 6 1/2 months of age. Virgin control rats which did not receive the carcinogen did not develop mammary cancer within 13 months although carcinogen‐fed virgin rats exhibited a mammary cancer incidence of 38.5%. A single pregnancy prior to feeding the carcinogen resulted in a decrease in the incidence and an increase in the mean time of appearance of the first palpable tumor. A single pregnancy followed by a subsequent nursing period reduced the percentage incidence and increased the mean time of appearance of the first palpable tumor when compared to the carcinogen‐fed virgin rats. A further increase in the number of pregnancies and/or lactations did not greatly influence the incidence of mammary cancer nor the number of cancers per rat. The mean time of tumor appearance was, however, increased. These data indicated that the relationship between party and carcinogen‐induced mammary cancer in the rat is similar to that existing in the human female but opposite to that found for the mouse.
Chromosomal changes associated with urethan leukemogenesis in mice
Authors: Colnaghi Maria I. , Porta Giuseppe Della , Parmiani Giorgio , Caprio Guido 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal, preleukemic and leukemic thymuses of CTM, C3Hf, C57BL and SWR mice were examined for their chromosome constitution. In untreated infant and young adult animals deviation from diploidy was rare. During and shortly after a brief course of a highly leukemogenic urethan treatment, little variation in chromosome number was found but diploid metaphases had many different chromosome aberrations which became rare a week after completion of treatment. No deviation from normal was observed in thymuses examined 5 and 11 weeks after urethan. The total analysis of 77 thymic lymphosarcomas showed a 40–41 bimodal distribution, although 7 cases had 80% or more diploid metaphases and 3 had 80% or more metaphases with 41 chromosomes. The additional chromosome was always identical or similar to those of the smallest pair.
Transplantable mouse tumor line induced by injection of SV40‐transformed mouse kidney cells
Authors: Kit Saul , Kurimura T. , Dubbs D. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA transplantable tumor of inbred mice was obtained by inoculating BALB/c mice subcutaneously with SV40‐transformed mouse kidney (mKS‐A) cells. Tumors were produced by mKS‐A cells in the 71st cell culture passage, but not by cells in the 26th passage. The tumor line has been serially passed in BALB/c mice 14 times. In vitro cell culture lines were derived from tumors after 1, 2, 8, 10 and 12 passages in mice. The tumors, as well as the In vitro tumor cell lines, contained SV40 T‐antigen, and sera from the tumor‐bearing mice contained antibodies to the SV40 T‐antigen. SV40 was rescued from the In vitro tumor cell lines after fusion with green monkey kidney (CV‐1) cells in the presence of UV‐irradiated Sendai virus.The In vitro tumor cell lines derived from mouse passages 8, 10 and 12 were used as SV40 virus; 2) SV40‐transformed cell lines; 3) primary mouse (BALB/c or Yale Swiss) kidney cells, or 4) primary mouse (BALB/c or Yale Swiss) embryo cells. These results showed that the tumor line and the In vitro tumor cell lines have the transplantation antigen.
Immunology of spontaneously arising rat mammary adenocarcinomas
Authors: Baldwin R. W. , Embleton M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunogenicities of nine spontaneously arising mammary adenocarcinomas were assessed following pre‐treatment of syngeneic female rats with heavily irradiated tumour or excision of subcutaneously developing tumour grafts. One tumour (SP4) was moderately immunogenic and a weaker level of resistance could be evoked against two others. With these three examples, induced resistance was specific to the immunizing tumour and no instances of antigenic cross‐reaction were detected. No resistance could be induced against the remaining tumours, even though challenge inocula of as few as 102 or 103 cells were tested in pre‐irradiated hosts. There was no correlation in this series between tumour immunogenicity and latent period of development.Peritoneal exudate cells from rats immune to tumour Sp4 were shown to suppress the growth of this tumour in normal pre‐irradiated recipients, but relatively large numbers of immune cells were necessary and their effectiveness was not consistent, factors which reflect the low immunogenicity of the tumour. These peritoneal cells had no influence on the growth of any other of the spontaneous rat mammary adenocarcinomas, further confirming the individuality of the TSTAs on tumour SP4.
Pathogenesis of oncogenic simian adenoviruses. IV. The histopathology and ultrastructure of intraperitoneal neoplasms induced by SV20
Authors: Merkow Leonard P. , Slifkin Malcolm , Pardo Matias , Rapoza Norbert P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe histopathology and ultrastructure of SV20‐induced intraperitoneal (IP) neoplasms is described and compared to neoplasms induced by this virus administered by the intracranial and subcutaneous routes. SV20‐induced IP neoplasms are relatively undifferentiated and contain two types of tumor giant cells. Dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum was increased, but annulate lamellae were rarely observed in IP neoplasms. Virus‐like particles within the cytoplasm and nuclei of neoplastic cells resembled the original inoculated SV20 virus. Virus particles associated with cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear projections, and unusual cytoplasmic bodies with many smaller dense structures were observed. These latter dense structures were attached to the inner and outer surface of cytoplasmic bodies and resembled the nucleoid of virus particles.
Effect of age and sex on the development of neoplasms in wistar rats receiving a single intragastric instillation of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
Authors: Meranze D. R. , Gruenstein M. , Shimkin M. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWistar rats of different age and sex received a single intragastric instillation of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). During the following 16 months, 136 of 284 rats developed 182 tumors, of which half were malignant. Among 98 untreated controls, 8 rats developed tumors, of which 4 were malignant. Among the youngest groups (8–15 days) exposed to DMBA, fibroadenoma of the breast in females and subcutaneous sarcoma in both sexes were the most frequent. Among young adult females (6–8 weeks), mammary carcinoma predominated; older females (26 weeks) had less breast tumors. Among adult males, epidermoid carcinoma and papilloma of the skin were most frequent. Castration suppressed development of breast cancer.
Cell population kinetics in the mouse ovary after treatment with a chemical carcinogen (DMBA)
Authors: Pedersen Torben , Krarup Torben 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe primary effect of the chemical carcinogen 9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthracene (DMBA) on the mouse ovary is an immediate destruction of the small oocytes. The possible additional effect of DMBA on the cells of the ovary that synthesize DNA, the granulosa cells, was studied. As the proliferation of the granulosa cells determines the speed at which the entire follicle grows and develops, any effect of DMBA on the granulosa cells would alter the follicle growth rate. This was examined in DMBA‐fed mice by autoradiography after pulse labelling with tritiated thymidine.The labelling index of the granulosa cells in all types of follicles was increased for 1 to 2 weeks after feeding of the carcinogen, whereas the duration of the S‐phase was not significantly affected. Hence the proliferation of the granulosa cells, as well as the growth rate of whole follicles, was temporarily accelerated by the carcinogen. In the large follicles this was due to a shortening of the G1‐phase, while in the medium‐sized follicles an increase of the proliferating fraction of the granulosa cells and/or a shortening of the G1‐phase might have occurred.Several earlier investigations have shown that DMBA affects cells by depressing their DNA synthesis. The present results suggest that the granulosa cells of mouse ovaries are affected differently by the carcinogen than the cells so far examined. The question is raised whether the stimulation of the follicle growth is caused directly by the carcinogen acting on the granulosa cells as a hormone, or whether the effect is indirect and related either to the reduced oocyte population or to the process of oocyte destruction itself.
Electron microscopy of murine SJL/J disease
Authors: De Tkaczevski Lidia Z. , Wanebo Harold J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSJL/J inbred mice suffering from the neoplastic disease, very young apparently normal animals and mice bearing transplanted tumors were examined. Lymph nodes, spleens and occasionally thymuses, lungs and Peyer's patches were investigated under the electron microscope.It was found that very young (3‐week‐old) animals with slightly enlarged lymph nodes did not show any cellular or ultrastructural changes, although at the age of 8 weeks there was a certain proliferation of plasma cells. The onset of overt disease was marked by a massive proliferation of plasma cells with simultaneous paraproteinemia in mice sera. If the animal survived this stage of the disease, a regression followed. Although the tumors were still present, plasma cells were no longer abundant and a reticulum cell hyperplasia became evident. In this late period of the disease normal blood proteins or hypogammaglobulinemia were found. Mice with transplanted tumors developed reticulum cell sarcomas and the serum showed either normal proteines or hypogammaglobulinemia.Intracisternal particles were found repeatedly in the reticulum cells of the transplanted tumors and very occasionally in the spontaneous tumors, during the regression stage. These particles measured about 850 Å in diameter and were composed of a shell formed by two dense rings with a clear space in between, and a lighter central zone. The significance of these particles is discussed.