bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect and sustainability of a stepwise implemented multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship programme in a university hospital emergency department
Authors: Arenz Lukas , Porger Annika , De Michel Michaela , Weber Alexandra , Jung Jette , Horns Heidi , Gscheidle Sandra , Weiglein Tobias , Pircher Joachim , Becker-Lienau Johanna , Horster Sophia , Klein Matthias , Draenert Rika 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To explore effectiveness and sustainability of guideline adherence and antibiotic consumption after establishing treatment guidelines and initiating antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) ward rounds in a university hospital emergency department (ED).

Methods
Data were gathered retrospectively from 2017 to 2021 in the LMU University Hospital in Munich, Germany. Four time periods were compared: P1 (pre-intervention period); P2 (distribution of guideline pocket cards); P3 (reassessment after 3 years); and P4 (refresher of guideline pocket cards and additional daily AMS ward rounds for different medical disciplines). Primary outcome was adherence to guideline pocket cards for community-acquired pneumonia, cystitis, pyelonephritis and COVID-19-associated bacterial pneumonia. Secondary outcomes were reduction in antibiotic consumption and adherence to AMS specialist recommendations.

Results
The study included 1324 patients. Guideline adherence increased in P2 for each of the infectious diseases entities. After 3 years (P3), guideline adherence decreased again, but was mostly on a higher level than in P1. AMS ward rounds resulted in an additional increase in guideline adherence (P1/P2: 47% versus 58.6%, P = 0.005; P2/P3: 58.6% versus 57.3%, P = 0.750; P3/P4: 57.3% versus 72.5%, P &lt; 0.001). Adherence increased significantly, not only during workdays but also on weekends/nightshifts. Adherence to AMS specialist recommendations was excellent (91.3%). We observed an increase in use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics and a decrease in the application of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.

Conclusions
Establishing treatment guidelines in the ED is effective. However, positive effects can be diminished over time. Daily AMS ward rounds are useful, not only to restore but to further increase guideline adherence significantly.
Differential diagnoses of inguinal swellings: a case series of atypical diagnoses
Authors: Ilgeldiev Semen , Tabidze David , Stoeckel Soeren , Rudolph Hagen , Mirow Lutz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This case series highlights the importance of a thorough differential diagnosis in patients with groin swelling, often mistaken for inguinal hernias. It presents three patients with groin swelling initially suspected of having inguinal hernias but diagnosed differently upon further investigation. Patient 1 had a recurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in the right groin, Patient 2 had penile carcinoma with left inguinal metastasis, and Patient 3 had a metastasis of prostate carcinoma in the left groin. These cases underline the need to consider various pathologies beyond the common diagnosis of inguinal hernia. Accurate diagnosis requires a careful clinical examination and appropriate diagnostic tools, ensuring correct treatment.
When Paul Berg meets Donald Crothers: an achiral connection through protein biosynthesis
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Sankaranarayanan Rajan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Outliers in scientific observations are often ignored and mostly remain unreported. However, presenting them is always beneficial since they could reflect the actual anomalies that might open new avenues. Here, we describe two examples of the above that came out of the laboratories of two of the pioneers of nucleic acid research in the area of protein biosynthesis, Paul Berg and Donald Crothers. Their work on the identification of D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD) and ‘Discriminator hypothesis’, respectively, were hugely ahead of their time and were partly against the general paradigm at that time. In both of the above works, the smallest and the only achiral amino acid turned out to be an outlier as DTD can act weakly on glycine charged tRNAs with a unique discriminator base of ‘Uracil’. This peculiar nature of glycine remained an enigma for nearly half a century. With a load of available information on the subject by the turn of the century, our work on ‘chiral proofreading’ mechanisms during protein biosynthesis serendipitously led us to revisit these findings. Here, we describe how we uncovered an unexpected connection between them that has implications for evolution of different eukaryotic life forms.
Low-input and single-cell methods for Infinium DNA methylation BeadChips
Authors: Lee Sol Moe , Loo Christian E , Prasasya Rexxi D , Bartolomei Marisa S , Kohli Rahul M , Zhou Wanding 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Infinium BeadChip is the most widely used DNA methylome assay technology for population-scale epigenome profiling. However, the standard workflow requires over 200 ng of input DNA, hindering its application to small cell-number samples, such as primordial germ cells. We developed experimental and analysis workflows to extend this technology to suboptimal input DNA conditions, including ultra-low input down to single cells. DNA preamplification significantly enhanced detection rates to over 50% in five-cell samples and ∼25% in single cells. Enzymatic conversion also substantially improved data quality. Computationally, we developed a method to model the background signal's influence on the DNA methylation level readings. The modified detection P-value calculation achieved higher sensitivities for low-input datasets and was validated in over 100 000 public diverse methylome profiles. We employed the optimized workflow to query the demethylation dynamics in mouse primordial germ cells available at low cell numbers. Our data revealed nuanced chromatin states, sex disparities, and the role of DNA methylation in transposable element regulation during germ cell development. Collectively, we present comprehensive experimental and computational solutions to extend this widely used methylation assay technology to applications with limited DNA.
Cryptic proteins translated from deletion-containing viral genomes dramatically expand the influenza virus proteome
Authors: Ranum Jordan N , Ledwith Mitchell P , Alnaji Fadi G , Diefenbacher Meghan , Orton Richard , Sloan Elizabeth , Güereca Melissa , Feltman Elizabeth M , Smollett Katherine , da Silva Filipe Ana , Conley Michaela , Russell Alistair B , Brooke Christopher B , Hutchinson Edward , Mehle Andrew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Productive infections by RNA viruses require faithful replication of the entire genome. Yet many RNA viruses also produce deletion-containing viral genomes (DelVGs), aberrant replication products with large internal deletions. DelVGs interfere with the replication of wild-type virus and their presence in patients is associated with better clinical outcomes. The DelVG RNA itself is hypothesized to confer this interfering activity. DelVGs antagonize replication by out-competing the full-length genome and triggering innate immune responses. Here, we identify an additionally inhibitory mechanism mediated by a new class of viral proteins encoded by DelVGs. We identified hundreds of cryptic viral proteins translated from DelVGs. These DelVG-encoded proteins (DPRs) include canonical viral proteins with large internal deletions, as well as proteins with novel C-termini translated from alternative reading frames. Many DPRs retain functional domains shared with their full-length counterparts, suggesting they may have activity during infection. Mechanistic studies of DPRs derived from the influenza virus protein PB2 showed that they poison replication of wild-type virus by acting as dominant-negative inhibitors of the viral polymerase. These findings reveal that DelVGs have a dual inhibitory mechanism, acting at both the RNA and protein level. They further show that DPRs have the potential to dramatically expand the functional proteomes of diverse RNA viruses.
Peirce’s Philosophy of Logic
Authors: Haaparanta Leila 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present chapter focuses on a few aspects of Peirce’s philosophy of logic and seeks to show that the idea of the primacy of the practical lies behind Peirce’s conception of logic. It first discusses Peirce’s classification of the sciences and tries to reveal the philosophical background and content of his logical discoveries. It then considers his view of logic as calculus, makes a few remarks on his conception of modalities, and takes notice of his introduction of three-valued logic. Special attention is paid to Peirce’s fallibilism and its relevance to his philosophy of logic. At the end, the chapter discusses Peirce’s writings on the relation between logic and psychology and argues that Peirce’s emphasis on practical reason cannot be reconciled with logical psychologism.
Peirce’s Journey to the End of Inquiry
Authors: Everett Daniel L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers and rejects the popular idea that in spite of his brilliance and academic pedigree, Peirce was a failure. Although he died in poverty and obscurity, it is argued here that, to the contrary, Peirce was a success by the standards of most academics, for the simple reason that he knowingly and willingly dedicated himself to the pursuit of truth and excellence, refusing to compromise his intellectual values to please those in power over him, even when this faithfulness to himself brought poverty and ostracism. He demonstrated what the chapter refers to as a “tenure of the soul”—an indestructible commitment to the pursuit of understanding and helping others to understand with him. He spent his life engaged in fulfilling, meaningful work, forging an intellectual freedom to explore his many interests that few academics ever experience. This chapter examines his work ethic, his inventiveness, the sheer magnitude of his accomplishments, and evidence of his success, as well as his personal life.
Peirce’s Universal Grammar
Authors: Everett Daniel L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses ideas of Peirce’s philosophy, especially his semeiotics, that bear on the development and assessment of the methods, results, and objectives of modern linguistics, especially in regard to the theme of universal grammar. Because a single chapter must restrict its scope, this chapter will keep to those topics that seem to distinguish Peirce’s views, and those of any future Peircean linguistics, from current theories of language. As a further narrowing of the latter subtopic, the discussion of universal grammar will focus on the ideas of Peirce and Noam Chomsky.
Peirce on Reality and Existence
Authors: Lane Robert 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains some of Peirce’s most fundamental metaphysical concepts. First among those concepts is that of the real, which Peirce distinguishes from the concepts of the external, the internal, and the fictional. After explaining the relationships among those concepts, this chapter describes Peirce’s attempt to pragmatically clarify the concept of reality, an attempt that relies on his idea that a true belief is one that would be permanently fixed as a result of investigation. It then describes how his eventual concept of existence gradually emerged out of his concept of reality. The chapter concludes with an examination of Peirce’s idea that whether or not something is real can be a matter of degree.
The Cosmopolitan Peirce
Authors: Nubiola Jaime , Barrena Sara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Charles Peirce traveled to Europe on five different occasions. The five trips took place between 1870 and 1883, all of them in the service of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, at the time the chief scientific agency of the United States. Those trips were a rich mixture of scientific research and tourism, communication with other scientists, and enjoyment of the artistic treasures of Europe. The impact of this extensive traveling was so important to Peirce’s life and thought that it makes perfect sense to identify this period of time as his “cosmopolitan period.” The common image of Peirce as an isolated thinker writing in Arisbe without any contact with the world not only is historically inaccurate, but also makes it difficult to understand some key elements of his philosophy. The chapter concludes asserting that Peirce is not so much an American philosopher, but more a cosmopolitan philosopher with strong European influences.
Love and the Growth of Justice
Authors: Acosta López de Mesa Juliana , Campos Daniel G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on agape as a sentiment that nourishes and sustains human ethical life in such a way that it fosters the growth of concrete reasonableness—especially the ideal of justice—in human communities. It introduces agape as a cosmological power of evolution in Charles Peirce’s architectonic and then argues that, in the case of human agency, it is a sentiment that propels and guides ethical life. This sentiment allows creative, loving agents (1) to cherish the freedom of their beloved to choose their own ends and (2) to help their beloved grow toward those ends. The chapter explains the relationship between eros and agape, the role of self-control in loving activity, the communal environment in which agape operates, and creative love’s contribution to the growth of loving reasonableness in human communities, focusing primarily on the ideal of justice as harmony.
Genetic dissection of mutagenic repair and T-DNA capture at CRISPR-induced DNA breaks in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kamoen Lycka , Kralemann Lejon E M , van Schendel Robin , van Tol Niels , Hooykaas Paul J J , de Pater Sylvia , Tijsterman Marcel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A practical and powerful approach for genome editing in plants is delivery of CRISPR reagents via Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. The double-strand break (DSB)-inducing enzyme is expressed from a transferred segment of bacterial DNA, the T-DNA, which upon transformation integrates at random locations into the host genome or is captured at the self-inflicted DSB site. To develop efficient strategies for precise genome editing, it is thus important to define the mechanisms that repair CRISPR-induced DSBs, as well as those that govern random and targeted integration of T-DNA. In this study, we present a detailed and comprehensive genetic analysis of Cas9-induced DSB repair and T-DNA capture in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that classical nonhomologous end joining (cNHEJ) and polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) are both, and in part redundantly, acting on CRISPR-induced DSBs to produce very different mutational outcomes. We used newly developed CISGUIDE technology to establish that 8% of mutant alleles have captured T-DNA at the induced break site. In addition, we find T-DNA shards within genomic DSB repair sites indicative of frequent temporary interactions during TMEJ. Analysis of thousands of plant genome–T-DNA junctions, followed up by genetic dissection, further reveals that TMEJ is responsible for attaching the 3′ end of T-DNA to a CRISPR-induced DSB, while the 5′ end can be attached via TMEJ as well as cNHEJ. By identifying the mechanisms that act to connect recombinogenic ends of DNA molecules at chromosomal breaks, and quantifying their contributions, our study supports the development of tailor-made strategies toward predictable engineering of crop plants.
Fresh air eases work—the effect of air quality on individual investor activity
Authors: Meyer Steffen , Pagel Michaela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article shows that contemporaneous and lagged air pollution negatively affects the likelihood of German individual investors to log in and trade in their brokerage accounts, using intraday data and controlling for investor-, weather-, traffic-, and market-specific factors. A 1 SD increase in air pollution leads to a 1.3 percent reduction in the probability of logging in, which is larger than the response to a 1 SD increase in sunshine. We argue that changes in air pollution affect productivity in cognitively demanding tasks, such as trading. Our results are robust to macroeconomic productivity shocks, nonlinearities, or measurement error.
Examining the Effectiveness of a Digital Media Campaign at Reducing the Duration of Untreated Psychosis in New York State: Results From a Stepped-wedge Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Birnbaum Michael L , Garrett Chantel , Baumel Amit , Germano Nicole T , Sosa Danny , Ngo Hong , John Majnu , Dixon Lisa , Kane John M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) predicts worse outcomes in First Episode Psychosis (FEP). Searching online represents one of the first proactive step toward treatment initiation for many, yet few studies have informed how best to support FEP youth as they engage in early online help-seeking steps to care.

Study Design
Using a stepped-wedge randomized design, this project evaluated the effectiveness of a digital marketing campaign at reducing DUP and raising rates of referrals to FEP services by proactively targeting and engaging prospective patients and their adult allies online.

Study Results
Throughout the 18-month campaign, 41 372 individuals visited our website, and 371 advanced to remote clinical assessment (median age = 24.4), including 53 allies and 318 youth. Among those assessed (n = 371), 53 individuals (14.3%) reported symptoms consistent with psychotic spectrum disorders (62.2% female, mean age 20.7 years) including 39 (10.5%) reporting symptoms consistent with either Clinical High Risk (ie, attenuated psychotic symptoms; n = 26) or FEP (n = 13). Among those with either suspected CHR or FEP (n = 39), 20 (51.3%) successfully connected with care. The campaign did not result in significant differences in DUP.

Conclusion
This study highlights the potential to leverage digital media to help identify and engage youth with early psychosis online. However, despite its potential, online education and professional support alone are not yet sufficient to expedite treatment initiation and reduce DUP.
Chronic exposure to BDE-47 aggravates acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis by promoting acinar cell apoptosis and inflammation
Authors: Qi Xiaoyan , Liu Qiong , Wei Zuxing , Hou Xuyang , Jiang Yuhong , Sun Yin , Xu Shu , Yang Leping , He Jun , Liu Kuijie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The effect of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a persistent environmental pollutant commonly used as a flame retardant in various consumer products, on pancreatitis has not been clearly elucidated, although it has been reported to be toxic to the liver, nervous system, and reproductive system. Acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) models were induced in this study by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein. The aim was to investigate the impact of BDE-47 on pancreatitis by exposing the animals to acute (1 week) or chronic (8 weeks) doses of BDE-47 (30 mg/kg in the low-concentration group and 100 mg/kg in the high-concentration group). Additionally, BDE-47 was utilized to stimulate mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, pancreatic primary stellate cells, and acinar cells in order to investigate the impact of BDE-47 on pancreatitis. In vivo experiments conducted on mice revealed that chronic exposure to BDE-47, rather than acute exposure, exacerbated the histopathological damage of AP and CP, leading to elevated fibrosis in pancreatic tissue and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pancreas. In vitro experiments showed that BDE-47 can promote the expression of the inflammatory cytokines Tnf-α and Il-6 in M1 macrophages, as well as promote acinar cell apoptosis through the activation of the PERK and JNK pathways via endoplasmic reticulum stress. The findings of this study imply chronic exposure to BDE-47 may exacerbate the progression of both AP and CP by inducing acinar cell apoptosis and dysregulating inflammatory responses.
Deep Trade Agreements and Firm Ownership in GVCs
Authors: Egger Peter H , Masllorens Gerard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the effect of preferential trade agreements and their depth on firm-to-firm ownership, in particular, along global value chains. It measures shareholder–affiliate ownership links at the country-sector-pair level to distinguish between vertical and horizontal links. The findings show that preferential trade agreements boost vertical international investment links (both backward and forward) while reducing horizontal investment. Deep preferential trade agreements stimulate investment particularly for sector pairs, where a high input specificity prevails.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Obstetric Anesthesia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lee W. , Martins M.S. , George R.B. , Fernandez A. 
Published: February 2024

(Can J Anaesth. 2023;70(6):1035–1046)
Racial and ethnic disparities in obstetric anesthesia are the subject of this comprehensive scoping review, shedding light on a rather sparse body of literature in this domain. The majority of existing studies focus on the utilization of anesthesia and analgesia during labor and delivery, specifically highlighting comparisons between Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients against non-Hispanic White patients.
Structural Racism and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Through the Lens of the Maternal Microbiome
Authors: Hadley M. , Oppong A.Y. , Coleman J. , Powell A.M. 
Published: February 2024

(Obstet Gynecol. 2023;142:911–919)
Research has clearly shown that health care outcomes are riddled with disparities surrounding race, but arguments exist about whether these disparities are due to biological differences, environmental, structural, or social elements of overall health, or systemic racism and inherent racial bias. Many observed differences in pregnancy outcomes are consistent even when correcting for poverty, educational status, or income level, suggesting that there are other factors that have not yet been identified. This commentary proposes that structural racism is a major contributing factor to health disparities between those of different races, including aspects such as access to healthy food options, psychosocial stressors, and safe and healthy living environments, and these differences will be manifest in the gut and vaginal microbiomes, thus affecting pregnancy-related outcomes related to the microbiome.
Vasa Previa
Authors: Oyelese Y. , Javinani A. , Shamsirsaz A.A. 
Published: February 2024

(Obstet Gynecol. 2023;142:503–518)
Vasa previa is defined as unprotected fetal blood vessels that run through placental tissue or the umbilical cord, either over or in proximity to the internal cervical os. The exposed nature of these vessels presents a significant risk of tear or rupture during labor or after amniotic membrane breaking, which can lead to serious complications such as fetal exsanguination, stillbirth, or neonatal death. This article examines the history of vasa previa, along with epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
Cardiac Arrest During Delivery Hospitalization: A Cohort Study
Authors: Ford N.D. , DeSisto C.L. , Galang R.R. , Kuklina E.V. , Sperling L.S. , Ko J.Y. 
Published: February 2024

(Ann Intern Med. 2023;176:472–479)
Cardiac arrest is a rare but serious complication in the parturient and is associated with very poor outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of cardiac arrest from 2017 to 2019 in the United States by patient demographics, co-morbidity, and type and size of hospital. This analysis can aid in identifying strategies to reduce pregnancy-related maternal morbidity and mortality.