bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Injury and Fatality in Single Vehicle Rollover Crashes: Danger for the Front Seat Occupant in the “Outside Arc”
Authors: Jehle Dietrich , Kuebler Joseph , Auinger Peggy 
Published: August 2007

Background: Rollover crashes are responsible for a large portion of motor vehicle occupant injuries and fatalities.Objectives: To examine if there is an increased risk of injury or death for either front seat occupant depending on the direction the vehicle rolled over.Methods: Between 1992 and 2002, crash data were collected and analyzed from the National Accident Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS) database of police reported tow‐away crashes in the United States. These data were limited to information concerning single vehicle crashes with right or left initial rollover, in which both driver and front seat passenger were present and secured with lap‐shoulder belts. The “outside arc” occupant was defined as the occupant who underwent the greatest degree of initial rotational torque during the rollover. Crashes involving sport utility vehicles (SUVs) were further evaluated for risks of injury or death based on the direction of the initial rollover. The location of roof crush and the types of injuries were also analyzed for these rollovers. This weighted database allows for the calculation of mortality and injury prevalence in the population.Results: There was a significantly higher fatality rate for outside arc occupants than inside arc occupants in rollover crashes. The weighted percentage fatality for the occupant on the outside arc for all classes of light passenger vehicles was 0.38%, while the percentage fatality for the occupant on the inside arc was 0.23% (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; p = 0.04). As a subgroup, the SUV class showed a weighted outside arc fatality percentage of 0.23%, while the inside arc fatality percentage was 0.02% (OR, 10.69; p = 0.06). Additionally, in SUVs, the weighted percentage having an Injury Severity Score of 9–75 was 0.99% for the outside arc passengers but only 0.19% for the inside arc passengers (OR, 5.42; p = 0.04). Roof crush was located more commonly on the outside arc of the rollovers than on the inside arc (42% vs. 26.3%; p < 0.01). There was a trend toward increased head and neck injuries in the fatal rollover crashes when compared with fatalities in the entire NASS/CDS database (91% vs. 58%; p = 0.06).Conclusions: The risk of death for outside arc occupants was higher than for inside arc occupants in rollovers. In addition, outside arc occupants in SUV rollover crashes were more likely to incur moderate or severe traumatic injuries. Roof crush occurs more commonly on the outside arc, and head and neck injuries were more prevalent in rollover crashes.
Durable Complete Responses With High-Dose Bolus Interleukin-2 in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Who Have Experienced Progression After Biochemotherapy
Authors: Tarhini Ahmad A. , Kirkwood John M. , Gooding William E. , Cai Chao , Agarwala Sanjiv S. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose We conducted a phase II trial of high-dose bolus (HDB) interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with metastatic melanoma who had experienced progression after biochemotherapy (BCT). Patients and Methods Eligible patients had experienced progression on or after BCT (cisplatin, vinblastine, dacarbazine, IL-2 9 MU/m2/d for 4 days, and interferon alfa-2b). HDB IL-2 was administered at 600,000 U/kg per dose for a maximum of 14 doses per cycle with a 1-week rest period between cycles. Stable or responding patients were offered an additional course (two cycles) after 6 to 8 weeks. Results Twenty-six patients (12 men and 14 women), age 28 to 70 years (median, 45 years), have been treated. All but three patients received at least two cycles of HDB IL-2; 10 patients received a second course of therapy. Disease stage was American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage M1a (n = 5), M1b (n = 5), and M1c (n = 16). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included hyperbilirubinemia (n = 10), thrombocytopenia (n = 6), oliguria (n = 3), diarrhea (n = 1), infection (n = 2), and neurologic toxicity (n = 2). Overall response rate was 19.2% (four complete responses, lasting 4, 4, 26+, and 41+ months; and one partial response, lasting 3 months). Five patients (19%) had stable disease lasting 1 to 3 months, but all eventually experienced progression. All four complete responders had AJCC stage M1a disease. At a median follow-up time of 10 months, median survival time was 42 weeks (95% CI, 19.1 to 86.6 weeks), and median progression-free survival time was 10 weeks (95% CI, 8 to 16.1 weeks). An initial response to BCT was not found to be predictive for response to HDB IL-2. Conclusion HDB IL-2 is active therapy for patients who experience progression on BCT. This observation has implications regarding the importance of dose-intensity for IL-2 therapy.
Prevalence of Joint Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women Taking Aromatase Inhibitors for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Crew Katherine D. , Greenlee Heather , Capodice Jillian , Raptis George , Brafman Lois , Fuentes Deborah , Sierra Alex , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) improve survival in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer, but can cause joint pain and stiffness. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for AI-related joint symptoms. Patients and Methods We performed a cross-sectional survey of consecutive postmenopausal women receiving adjuvant AI therapy for early-stage hormone-sensitive breast cancer at an urban academic breast oncology clinic. Patients completed a 25-item self-administered questionnaire assessing the presence of joint symptoms that started or worsened after initiating AIs. Multivariate regression was used to compare those with AI-related arthralgia with those who did not report symptoms, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. Results Of 200 patients who completed the survey, 94 (47%) reported having AI-related joint pain and 88 (44%) reported AI-related joint stiffness. In multiple logistic regression analysis, being overweight (body mass index of 25 to 30 kg/m2) and prior tamoxifen therapy were inversely associated with AI-related joint symptoms. Patients who received taxane chemotherapy were more than four times more likely than other patients to have AI-related joint pain and stiffness (odds ratio [OR] = 4.08, 95% CI, 1.58 to 10.57 and OR = 4.76; 95% CI, 1.84 to 12.28, respectively). Conclusion Our study suggests that AI-related joint symptoms are more prevalent than what has been described previously in clinical trials. The success of AI therapy depends on patients' ability to adhere to treatment recommendations; therefore, additional studies of interventions that may alleviate these symptoms are needed.
Phase II Trial of Chemoradiation for Organ Preservation in Resectable Stage III or IV Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Larynx or Oropharynx: Results of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E2399
Authors: Cmelak Anthony J. , Li Sigui , Goldwasser Meredith A. , Murphy Barbara , Cannon Michael , Pinto Harlan , Rosenthal David I. , Gillison Maura , Forastiere Arlene A. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose Taxane-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCR) for head and neck cancers has proven to have a favorable toxicity profile compared with cisplatin and radiation. This phase II multi-institutional trial evaluates taxane-based induction chemotherapy followed by CCR for organ preservation in resectable stage III/IVA and IVB larynx and oropharynx (OP) cancer patients. Patients and Methods Eligibility required resectable stage T2N+, or T3-T4N0-3M0 biopsy-proven squamous carcinoma, age at least 18 years, PS 0 to 2, good organ function, and no prior chemotherapy or radiation. Treatment was induction paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 6 for two cycles every 21 days followed by concurrent paclitaxel 30 mg/m2 every 7 days with 70 Gy if no evidence of tumor progression. Weekly erythropoietin alpha 40 kU was used for suboptimal hemoglobin (< 14 gm/dL men, < 13 gm/dL women). The primary end point was organ preservation (freedom from primary site salvage surgery or primary tumor recurrence). Results One hundred five of 111 patients (36 larynx, 69 OP) were eligible. Median follow-up was 36.7 months. Ninety-four percent received full-dose radiotherapy and 91% received at least five cycles of concurrent paclitaxel. No patient progressed while receiving chemotherapy. Organ preservation was 81% at 2 years after completion of therapy (larynx 74%, OP 84%). Thirteen patients required primary-site salvage surgery (seven larynx, six OP), and six of these have progressed and died (three larynx, three OP). Thirteen patients developed distant metastases (seven larynx, six OP; P = .02) and 10 of 36 larynx and 11 of 69 OP patients have died as a result of their disease. Two-year survival is 76% (63% larynx v 83% OP). Conclusion A high organ preservation rate was obtained with this regimen for OP but not for larynx patients. Toxicity was low, and induction chemotherapy did not preclude delivery of concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
What Is the Psychological Impact of Mammographic Screening on Younger Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer? Findings From a Prospective Cohort Study by the PIMMS Management Group
Authors: Tyndel Sally , Austoker Joan , Henderson Bethan J. , Brain Kate , Bankhead Clare , Clements Alison , Watson Eila K. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose Studies are underway to establish the clinical effectiveness of annual mammographic screening in women younger than 50 years with a family history of breast cancer. This study investigated both the positive and negative psychological effects of screening on these women. Patients and Methods Women who received an immediate all-clear result after mammography (n = 1,174) and women who were recalled for additional tests before receiving an all-clear result (false positive; n = 112) completed questionnaires: 1 month before mammography, and 1 and 6 months after receiving final results. The questionnaires included measures of cancer worry, psychological consequences, and perceived benefits of breast screening. Results Women who received an immediate all-clear result experienced a decrease in cancer worry and negative psychological consequences immediately after the result, whereas women who were recalled for additional tests did not. By 6 months this cancer-specific distress had reduced significantly in both groups. Changes in levels of distress were significantly different between the two groups, but in absolute terms the differences were not large. Recalled women reported significantly greater positive psychological consequences of screening immediately after the result, and were also more positive about the benefits of screening compared with women who received an immediate all-clear result. Conclusion For women receiving an immediate all-clear result, participating in annual mammographic screening is psychologically beneficial. Furthermore, women who are recalled for additional tests do not appear to be harmed by screening: these women's positive views about mammography suggest that they view any distress caused by recall as an acceptable part of screening.
Three-dimensional Ferromagnetic Frameworks of Syn–Anti-type Carboxylate-bridged NiII and CoII Coordination Polymers
Authors: Yoneda Ko , Ohba Masaaki , Shiga Takuya , Oshio Hiroki , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Two novel coordination polymers, [M(L)(MeOH)2]n (MII = Ni, Co; H2L = E,E-muconic acid) having 3-D pillared-layer structure based on 2-D grid sheet extended by syn–anti-type carboxylate-bridges were prepared and NiII compound showed a ferromagnetic ordering at 1.7 K.
Competition and Predation as Mechanisms for Displacement of Greenback Cutthroat Trout by Brook Trout
Authors: McGrath C. C. , Lewis W. M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii frequently are displaced by nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, but the ecological mechanisms of displacement are not understood. Competition for food and predation between greenback cutthroat trout O. c. stomias and brook trout were investigated in montane streams of Colorado. A replicated field study was used to describe the population density, diet, stomach fullness, and body condition of the two species in allopatry and sympatry. Population data confirmed that brook trout displaced greenback cutthroat trout at sites where the species occur together. The diets of the two species were different; cutthroat trout consumed more prey items and a wider variety of prey than brook trout. Sympatry did not influence gut fullness or body condition for either species. Predation occurred at low rates that did not account for declines in populations of greenback cutthroat trout. Instead, population data suggest that the displacement of greenback cutthroat trout by brook trout occurs through a bottleneck on recruitment due to the mortality of eggs or juvenile cutthroat trout.
Measuring the Quality of Life of Youth with Facial Differences
Authors: Patrick Donald L. , Topolski Tari D. , Edwards Todd C. , Aspinall Cassandra L. , Kapp-Simon Kathleen A. , Rumsey Nichola J. , Strauss Ronald P. , Thomas Christopher R. 
Published: August 2007

Objective: To describe the Facial Differences Module of the Youth Quality of Life Instruments (YQOL-FD) and present results evaluating domain structure, internal consistency, reproducibility, validity, and respondent burden. Design: A multisite observational study of youth aged 11 to 18 years with acquired or congenital facial differences. Participants: Three hundred seven youth recruited through clinics at four U.S. sites and one U.K. site. Eligible youth were aged 11 to 18 years, had a noticeable facial difference, could read at the fifth-grade level, and, for youth with facial burns, were at least 2 years posttrauma. Measures: Included were the newly developed YQOL-FD, the generic Youth Quality of Life Instrument, the Children's Depression Inventory, and demographics. Results: Principal components analysis showed five significant factors that closely matched the domain structure hypothesized a priori. Domain scores of the YQOL-FD showed acceptable internal consistency and reproducibility. Scores were more strongly correlated with the Children's Depression Inventory score than with self-rating of health as predicted. All domain scores showed adequate discrimination among levels of general quality of life (Wilks λ = 0.84, p = .001). The median time to complete the module was 10 minutes. Discussion: The YQOL Facial Differences Module augmented information obtained from the generic YQOL measure by addressing specific concerns. The module was well received by youth and showed acceptable measurement properties for evaluating the perceived quality-of-life status of youth facial differences. Future use in longitudinal studies and clinical trials is anticipated to evaluate the ability to detect change.
Comparison of Caries Prevalence in Two Populations of Cleft Patients
Authors: Stec-Slonicz Magdalena , Szczepańska Joanna , Hirschfelder Ursula 
Published: August 2007

Objective: To assess and compare the oral and dental status and the level of oral health care among Polish and German patients with cleft lip and palate treated in Łódź and Erlangen, followed by an assessment of the level of realization of oral care procedures. Design: Oral and dental status were assessed by the presence of dental plaque and caries lesions. Parents of each patient completed a questionnaire related to frequency of tooth brushing, frequency of dental visits, and the use of means with increased fluoride content. Setting: Department of Dentistry for Developmental Ages, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland, and Department of Orthodontics, University of Erlangen-Nuremburg, Erlangen, Germany. Patients and Intervention: Thirty-seven Polish patients were examined between February and April 2004. Sixty-three German patients were examined between October 2004 and August 2005. Results: In Erlangen, decayed teeth = 1.625, missing teeth = 0.014, and filled teeth = 2.39. In Łódź, decayed teeth = 2.5, missing teeth = 0.09, and filled teeth = 0.75. Among the subjects with Approximal Plaque Index scores <40%, the Decayed-Missing-Filled-Teeth Index was significantly higher in Polish than in German patients. In the total population of patients, a positive correlation between the value of the API Index and caries intensity was recorded. Declared parents’ answers did not copy the actual oral cavity status. Conclusions: Caries prevalence in each group was much higher than in the general population and significantly higher among Polish than German cleft patients. Programs for cleft children promoting oral health, especially aimed at plaque control, are recommended in the early stages of the children's lives.
Surgical Correction of Congenital Lower Lip Sinuses in Van der Woude Syndrome
Authors: Brookes James T. , Canady John W. 
Published: August 2007

Objective:To review the clinical outcome for patients with Van der Woude syndrome undergoing surgical excision of congenital lip sinuses.Design:Retrospective chart review.Setting:Multidisciplinary cleft-craniofacial team within a tertiary care hospital.Patients, Participants:Seventeen patients with Van der Woude syndrome were identified from hospital records as having cleft lip and/or palate surgery performed at the University of Iowa, and six of these patients underwent simple surgical excision of lower lip sinuses.Main outcome measures:Incidence of postoperative complications and number of surgeries required per patient for correction of lower lip defect.Results:All six patients undergoing surgical excision of lip sinuses had postoperative mucocele formation. These uniformly required one or two further surgeries for correction. There were no other complications associated with the procedures and no patient had a pre- or postoperative whistling deformity. Cosmetic outcome was thought to be satisfactory in all cases.Conclusions:Despite the overall improvement in cosmetic appearance following simple surgical excision of congenital lower lip sinuses, the high rate of mucocele formation and repeat surgery has led to cautious preoperative counseling regarding the risks and benefits of the procedure.
Association of Education and the Occurrence of Low Birthweight in Rural Southern China During the Early and Late 1990s
Authors: Liu Yinghui , Liu Jianmeng , Ye Rongwei , Ren Aiguo , Li Song , Li Zhu 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We examined whether education-related inequalities were associated with the occurrence of low birthweight in 6 counties in southern China in the early and late 1990s. Methods. The study population consisted of 111181 women (65669 in the early 1990s and 45482 in the late 1990s) in a population-based Perinatal Health Care Surveillance System. We used the χ2 test, logistic regression, and concentration index for our analyses. Results. From the early to late 1990s, the mean maternal education level increased significantly, and the percentage of low-birthweight births declined among all groups, for both male and female births, and at all levels of the mother’s education. Relative to those with less than 9 years of formal education, there was a decreasing risk of low birthweight among those with 9 to 11 years of formal education (range in adjusted odds ratio=0.69–0.82) and with 12 or more years of formal education (range in adjusted odds ratio=0.51–0.74). Between the early and late 1990s, the concentration index changed from −0.0778 to −0.0656 for male births and from −0.0717 to −0.0813 for female births. Conclusions. Education-related inequalities associated with low birthweight persisted from the early to the late 1990s in surveyed areas.
The Effect of Migration to the United States on Substance Use Disorders Among Returned Mexican Migrants and Families of Migrants
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Medina-Mora Maria Elena , Breslau Joshua , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We examined the association between substance use disorders and migration to the United States in a nationally representative sample of the Mexican population.Methods. We used the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to conduct structured, computer-assisted, face-to-face interviews with a cross-sectional sample of household residents aged 18 to 65 years who lived in Mexico in cities with a population of at least 2500 people in 2001 and 2002. The response rate was 76.6%, with 5826 respondents interviewed.Results. Respondents who had migrated to the United States and respondents who had family members who migrated in the United States were more likely to have used alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine at least once in their lifetime; to develop a substance use disorder; and to have a current (in the past 12 months) substance use disorder than were other Mexicans.Conclusions. International migration appears to play a large role in transforming substance use norms and pathology in Mexico. Future studies should examine how networks extending over international boundaries influence substance use.
Contraceptive Equity
Authors: Temkin Elizabeth 
Published: August 2007

The Equity in Prescription Insurance and Contraceptive Coverage Act, introduced in Congress in 1997 and still unpassed, seeks to redress health insurers’ failure to pay for birth control as they pay for other prescription drugs, most paradoxically Viagra. In 1936 the International Workers Order (IWO), a fraternal society, became the first insurer to include contraception in its benefits package. A forerunner in the movement for prepaid medical care, the IWO offered its members primary care and contraceptive services for annual flat fees. Founded at a time when the legal status of contraception was in flux, the IWO’s Birth Control Center was the only such clinic to operate on an insurance system. Recent state laws and judicial actions have revived the IWO’s groundbreaking view of contraception as a basic preventive service deserving of insurance coverage.
Physical Vapor Deposition of Molecular Glass Photoresists: A New Route to Chemically Amplified Patterning
Authors: Pfeiffer F. , Felix N. M. , Neuber C. , Ober C. K. , Schmidt H.‐W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA negative tone photoresist film, consisting of a molecular glass, a photoacid generator, and an acid labile crosslinker, was prepared by physical vapor deposition, a solvent‐free process. Subsequent to deposition, the coevaporated monomers were exposed using 365 nm radiation, subjected to a post exposure bake step, and developed in aqueous base to produce sub‐micron patterns. Combinatorial techniques were used to aid optimization of the photoresist by systematic variations in composition and exposure dose. Development factors such as concentration and time were also optimized.
Spatially Localized Formation of InAs Quantum Dots on Shallow Patterns Regardless of Crystallographic Directions
Authors: Lee J. H. , Wang Z. M. , Black W. T. , Kunets V. P. , Mazur Y. I. , Salamo G. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report on the ability to grow InAs quantum dots into patterns of any shape. We specifically demonstrate the spatial localization of InAs quantum dots on mesa and trench patterns varying from line, square and triangle patterns on GaAs (100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Based on the underlying science, this growth approach enables the localization of InAs QDs on GaAs (100) by controlling the sidewall facets and InAs monolayer coverage.