bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Reserpine on 5‐Hydroxytryptamine and Histamine Content of Rat Mast Cells and of Some Rat Tissues
Authors: Moran Neil C. , Westerholm Barbro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMoran, N. C. and B. Westerholm. The influence of reserpine on 5‐hydroxytryptamine and histamine content of rat mast cells and of some rat tissues. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 20—29. — Reserpine was shown to release neither 5‐HT nor histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. In vivo reserpine caused a moderate reduction of the number of mast cells in peritoneal fluid. A reduction of the cellular content of 5‐HT was also observed. Peritoneal mast cells obtained from reserpine‐treated rats responded normally to compound 48/80. Reserpinization of the rats caused reduction of 5‐HT in brain but not in skin, ileum, duodenum, pylorus or fundus. Histamine was reduced to 35 per cent of control value in small intestine while no decrease was observed in vitro. About 90 per cent of the rats showed ulcerations in the antral mucosa. Pretreatment of the rats with compound 48/80 caused disappearance of all mast cells and of 5‐HT and histamine from peritoneal fluid. The results indicate that reserpine has no effect on mast cells in vitro and only negligible effects in vivo. They also indicate that reserpine depletes the intestine of histamine which is of non‐mast cell origin.
Studies in Neuromuscular Transmission IV Influence of changes in blood pH and carbon dioxide tension on the effect of succinylcholine
Authors: Gamstorp Ingrid , Vinnars Erik 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGamstorp, I. and E. Vinnars. Studies in neuromuscular transmission IV. Influence of changes in blood pH and carbon dioxide tension on the effect of succinylcholine. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 48—56. — The influence of changes in the arterial blood pH and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide on the effect of succinylcholine was investigated in rabbits. The sciatic nerve was stimulated supramaximally and the electric response of the gastrocnemius muscle was recorded; the amplitude of the response was used as a measure of the severity of the block. Tachyphylaxis was noted on administration of repeated, small doses of succinylcholine but no changes referable to the shift in pH or pCO2. Changes in pH or pCO2 had no demonstrable effect on the block caused by a single, large dose of succinylcholine. The block caused by a continuous infusion of succinylcholine was enhanced by severe respiratory acidosis. It was not significantly influenced by mild respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, or infusion of adrenaline. The possibility of these findings being due to a slower hydrolysis of succinylcholine and acetylcholine at a high pCO2 is discussed.
Location, Course, and Characteristics of Uncrossed and Crossed Ascending Spinal Tracts in the Cat
Authors: Holmqvist B. , Oscarsson O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHolmqvist, B. and O. Oscarsson. Location, course, and characteristics of uncrossed and crossed ascending spinal tracts in the cat. Acta physiol. stand. 1963. 58. 57—67. — Discharges evoked in coarsefibred ascending spinal tracts on stimulation of muscle and skin nerves in the hindlimbs and on stimulation of lumbar, sacral, and caudal dorsal roots, were recorded from dissected fascicles of the cord at L1 and C3. Tracts in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus are monosynaptically activated only from ipsilateral afferents and tracts located ventrally thereof only from contralateral afferents (exceptional findings on stimulation of the most caudal roots are related to the crossing of primary afferents in these caudal segments). It is concluded that the former tracts are uncrossed and the latter crossed at the spinal level. — There is no obvious segmental lamination of fibres within the areas of uncrossed and crossed tracts. Individual tracts occupy relatively fixed and well defined areas independent of their level of origin. There is a marked dorsal shift of the dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts during their ascent in the cord.
Organization of Ascending Spinal Tracts Activated from Forelimb Afferents in the Cat
Authors: Holmqvist B. , Oscarsson O. , Uddenberg N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIolmqvist, B., O. Oscarsson and N. Uddenberg. Organization of ascending spinal tracts activated from forelimb afferents in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 68—76. — Discharges evoked in coarsefibred ascending spinal tracts on stimulation of muscle and skin nerves in the forelimbs were recorded from dissected fascicles of the cord at C3. The general organization of tracts activated from fore‐limb afferents is similar to that of tracts activated from hindlimb afferents: uncrossed tracts are located in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus and crossed tracts ventrally thereof. In the cervical region the uncrossed tracts activated from forelimb afferents occupy a larger area than those activated from hindlimb afferents. — Group I muscle afferents activate only one ascending tract. It is uncrossed and ascends in the middle third of the lateral funiculus. This tract is not identical with either the dorsal or the ventral spinocerebellar tract. It is suggested that these two tracts lack“forelimb components”. — The dorsomedial tract activated from low threshold cutaneous afferents and terminating in the lateral cervical nucleus seems to originate from both hindlimb and forelimb levels of the cord.
Arterielle O2Hb‐Sattigung and alveolarer CO2‐ und O2‐Druck der Ratte bei Aufenthalt in 2 000—7 000 m Hohe
Authors: Tribukait Van Bernhard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTribukait, B. Arterielle O2Hb‐Sättigung und alevolarer CO2 and O2 Druck der Ratte bei Aufenthalt in 2000—7000 m Höhe. Acta physiol. stand. 1963. 58. 90—98. — Rats were subjected to hypoxia corresponding to an altitude of 2,000—7,000 m. The oxygen saturation in arterial blood of anesthetized animals was determined by the van Slyke method. For determination of alveolar carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions unanesthetized animals were kept in a closed breathing system, to which a small amount of carbon monoxide was added. From the pressures of oxygen and carbon monoxide in this system, and the COHb and O2Hb saturations together with the alveolar gas equations, the alveolar carbon dioxide and oxygen pressures were calculated. The O2Hb saturation decreased from 91% at sea level to 83, 65, 56 and 39% at 2,000, 4,000, 6,000 and 7,000 m altitude respectively. The calculated carbon dioxide pressures decreased from a predicted value of 40 mm Hg at sea level to 35, 32, 17 and 14 mm Hg at 2,000, 4,000, 6,000 and 7,000 m altitude respectively. These values for CO2‐tensions are in general agreement with those observed in man.
Der Einfluss von Cobalt auf die Erythropoiese der Ratte
Authors: Tribukait Bernhard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTribukait, B. Der Einfluss von Cobalt auf die Erythropoiese der Ratte. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 101–110. — The development of polycythemia in rats, treated with cobalt, was studied. Cobalt was injected intraperitoneally 6 times a week in increasing doses of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/100 g body weight during 21, 22 and 45 days respectively. The total amount of hemoglobin, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrite, reticulocytes and blood volume were determined. Hemin, tagged in vivo with C14‐2‐glycine, was isolated from 0.1–0.2 ml blood samples and the specific activity was measured. The hemoglobin concentration, hematocrite and reticulocytes increased significantly during treatment with 0.4 mg cobalt, but the total hemoglobin was unchanged. There were no signs of hemolysis as evaluated from the specific hemin activity. During treatment with 0.6 and 0.8 mg cobalt the relative blood values increased further, and also the total hemoglobin increased. The hemoglobin concentration reached values of 20 g/100 ml of blood and the total hemoglobin increased from 2 to 3 g. The blood volume was unchanged. The reticulocytes reached a maximum value after about 40 days treatment and thereafter decreased to normal concentrations despite the increasing total hemoglobin. The degree of this polycythemia was similar to that one developed at an altitude of about 4000 m.
Factors Determining the Circulatory Adjustments to Diving: II. Asphyxia
Authors: Andersen Harald T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAndersen, H. T. Factors determining the circulatory adjustments to diving II. Asphyxia. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 186–200. — The significance of asphyxia and its two components hypoxia and hypercapnia for the development of the circulatory adjustments to diving has been studied in the domestic duck by ventilating the lungs and air‐sacs with various gas mixtures during submergence. The heart rate has been used as an index of the cardio‐vascular changes. Asphyxia produces a marked bradycardia in the duck, but only after a delay of up to 45 sec. The very conspicuous bradycardia seen during protracted dives is, however, neither due to submergence per se nor to asphyxia alone, for it has been found that the effects of the two summate. Hypercapnia appears to influence the heart rate much more than hypoxia does, although the latter is not without any effect, since it has been shown that the respiratory and circulatory adjustments are not abolished unless the asphyxia is relieved; or the hypercapnia is relieved at a point when the hypoxia is not too severe. Passive mechanical stretching of the lungs and air‐sacs have very little effect on the heart rate during diving.
Fluctuations in the Mitotic Frequency of the Glandular Stomach and Intestine of Rat under the Influence of ACTH, Glucocorticoids, Stress and Heparin
Authors: Räsänen Toimi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRäsänen, T.Fluctuations in the mitotic frequency of the glandular stomach and intestine of rat under the influence of ACTH, glucocorticoids, stress and heparin.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.201–210. — Adrenocorticotrophin in a large single dose, in contrast to the small doses, produced a distinct drop in the mitoses of the gastric mucosa of rat but not in those of the duodenal mucosa. The reducing effect of dexamethasone, prednisolone and cortisol on the mitotic index was biggest for dexamethasone and smallest for cortisol. The change in the mitotic index was smaller in the duodenal epithelium than in the gastric mucosa. Peritonitis produced a slight drop in mitoses in the gastric and duodenal epithelium. An acute stress produced a distinct reduction in mitoses in the gastric but not in the duodenal, jejunal and colonic epithelium. Heparin produced a distinct reduction of mitoses in the gastric epithelium but not in the duodenal epithelium. The reduction in the mitotic frequency is attributed to more rapid cellular changes in the gastric than intestinal lamina propria. A factor reducing mitotic frequency in the gastric mucosa is probably the local, rapid heparinliberation from the mucosal mast cells. The reduction in mitotic frequency following various insults was great in the epithelium of the gastric mucosa, slighter or nonexistent in the intestinal mucosa. This is attributed to more rapid changes in the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa than in the intestinal lamina propria. Another factor reducing mitotic frequency in the gastric mucosa is probably the local, true heparin liberated from the mucosal mast cells.
Functional Organization of the Cuneocerebellar Tract in the Cat
Authors: Holmqvist B. , Oscarsson O. , Rosén I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHolmqvist, B., O. Oscarsson and I. Rosén. Functional organization of the cuneocerebellar tract in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 216–235. — The experiments were performed on unanesthetized, decerebrated, and decerebellated cats with the cord transected at C3 except for the dorsal funiculi. Mass discharges were recorded from the dissected restiform body and unit recording was made from axons. It is shown that the cuneocerebellar tract contains two subdivisions: one consists of neurones monosynaptically activated by group I muscle afferents from one or a few muscles, the other of neurones disynaptically activated from cutaneous afferents. The latter subdivision contains three subgroups: a) Units activated both on movement of hairs and pressure on skin. These units receive disynaptic excitation from high threshold muscle afferents in addition to the excitation from cutaneous afferents. b) Units activated exclusively from pressure receptors in pads. c) Units activated exclusively from hair receptors. It is concluded that the cuneocerebellar tract and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract have a similar organization and are largely equivalent as channels for information from forelimbs and hindlimbs respectively. A notable difference is that the synaptic linkage to the exteroceptive subdivision is disynaptic in the cuneocerebellar tract and monosynaptic in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. — The demonstration of a gracilocerebellar tract by Gordon and Seed (1961) has been supported.
The Reflex Nature of the Physiological Adjustments to Diving and Their Afferent Pathway
Authors: Andersen Harald T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAndersen, H. T. The reflex nature of the physiological adjustments to diving and their afferent pathway. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 263–273. — The elicitation of the submersion apnoea and bradycardia has been investigated in intact and decerebrated ducks, with and without various trigeminal lesions, in order to study the reflex nature of the diving characteristics, and to explore their afferent pathway. It has been found that the circulatory as well as the respiratory adjustments to water immersion of the head are medullary reflexes entirely independent of higher levels of the central nervous system, although the basic reflex, of course, may be influenced by activity in higher centers when the latters are intact. The trigeminal nerve is the afferent pathway of the reflex arc by which the reactions to diving are induced upon submersion. The ophthalmic division appears to be the most important branch of the V. nerve in this respect, but also the mandibular portion seems to be an element in the afferent limb of the reflex arc. The maxillary nerve, however, could not be shown to serve such a function.
The Heparin Co‐Factor Activity in Plasma and its Relation to the Anticoagulant Effect of Intravenously Injected Heparin
Authors: Blombäck Birger , Blombäck Margareta , Lagergren Hans , Olsson Per 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBlombäck, B., M. Blombäck, H. Lagergren and P. Olsson. The heparin co‐factor activity in plasma and its relation to the anticoagulant effect of intravenously injected heparin. Acta physiol. stand. 1963. 58. 306—318. — The heparin co‐factor activity in plasma, defined as the antithrombin activity at high heparin concentrations, was measured with two thrombin‐titration methods in dogs and human subjects following single or repeated intravenous injections of heparin. The co‐factor activity was found to decrease continuously during the period of elimination of heparin from the plasma, after which it rose slowly to the initial level. In dogs, the anticoagulant effect of intravenous heparin was studied at different levels of co‐factor activity in the plasma. The co‐factor activity was increased by infusion of bovine plasma fraction IV—1, prepared according to Cohn. The rise in co‐factor activity was always accompanied by an increase in heparin effect (prolongation of the coagulation time). The co‐factor alone exerted no effect on the coagulation time.
Intramyocardial Temperature Gradients in Dogs During Hypothermia by Surface Cooling
Authors: Johansson Bengt W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractJohansson, B. W. Intramyocardial temperature gradients in dogs during hypothermia by surface cooling. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 355—358. — In five dogs the temperature in different parts and at different depths in the myocardium were recorded during cooling till asystole or ventricular fibrillation appeared. It was found that the temperature gradients were small and that there was no increase in the gradients with decreasing temperature. It is concluded that the ST‐T changes observed during hypothermia in homeothermic animals are not caused by intramyocardial temperature gradients.
Solubility of Acetylene in Lung Tissue as an Error in Cardiac Output Determination with the Acetylene Method
Authors: Jernérus R. , Lundin G. , Pugh L. G. C. F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe solubility of acetylene in lung tissue is measured by a rebreathing technique. Enough acetylene is dissolved in the lung tissue to simulate an extra gaseous lung volume between 0.274–0.48 liters. This should give an error of 7–12 % in cardiac output determination with the acetylene rebreathing method.
The Influence of the Dietary Fat on the Lethal Temperature in the Hypothermic Rat
Authors: Huttunen Matti , Johansson Bengt W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRats were given a semisynthetic diet containing 50 percent fat. One series received unsaturated fats (corn oil) and another saturated fats (coconut oil). A small series was used as control. After about 3 months the animals were cooled and the oesophageal temperature at the last heart beat was registered. The hearts from the coconut oil series stopped beating at a significantly higher temperature (12.9° C) than the hearts from the corn oil series (7.2° C). The exact explanation for the difference between the two series is not known but it is suggested that the physical properties of the myocardial cells, especially the cell membranes, are of importance for the tolerance to hypothermia.
The Effect of Prostaglandin from Human Seminal Fluid on the Motility of the Non‐Pregnant Human Uterus in Vitro
Authors: Bygdeman M. , Eliasson R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractImmediately following surgical removal of the uterus, four myometrial strips of equal size were cut out from the corpus and used simultaneously, each suspended in a 40 ml cuvette. Temperature, pH, etc. were continuously controlled. The motility was recorded isometric ally on a smoked drum. Histo‐logical determination of the phase in the menstrual cycle was made on each uterus. Prostaglandin from pooled human semen (HSF‐PG) inhibited the myometrium in most cases in a concentration of 0.005 U/ml bath fluid; the highest sensitivity occurring at the time of ovulation. Some uterus strips reacted by stimulation to prostaglandin. Among these some (mid‐cycle preparations) were inhibited by larger doses of prostaglandin, while the remainder, equally distributed within the menstrual cycle, were consistently stimulated. Factors regulating the reactivity pattern are briefly discussed.
Studies on the Elimination of Exogenous Lipids from the Blood Stream. The Kinetics of the Elimination of a Fat Emulsion and of Chylomicrones in the Dog after Single Injection
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Hallberg Dag 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe kinetics of the elimination from the blood stream of intravenously injected fat emulsion (Intralipid®) and of chylo‐micrones have been studied in the fasting dog. The elimination was estimated by determination of the arterial whole blood glyceride concentration and subtraction of the basal glyceride concentration. The same type of elimination was found in all dogs studied. The elimination consisted of two phases operating above and below a glyceride concentration of around 1.1 mM (increase above basal level) respectively. Above the concentration 1.1 mM the elimination was linear, i.e. a constant amount of glycerides was eliminated per unit time. The mean value for the elimination in this phase was 0.05 mmole/l blood per minute. Below this concentration the elimination was single exponential, i.e. a constant fraction was removed per unit time. The mean value found for this elimination was 5 per cent per minute. No greater difference was observed between the synthetic emulsion and chylomicrones. The physiological significance of the maximal elimination rate above 1.1 mM and the concentration dependent elimination below is briefly discussed.
Biologically Active Principles Occurring on Histamine Release from Cat Paw, Guinea Pig Lung and Isolated Rat Mast Cells
Authors: ÄNggård Erik , Bergqvist Ulla , Högberg Bertil , Johansson Kerstin , Thon Inga Lisa , Uvnäs Börje 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHistamine release was induced from perfused cat paws and isolated rat mast cells with compound 48/80, and from sensitized guinea pig lungs with antigen. Concomitantly occurring biologically active substances were separated by various chromatographic procedures (silicic acid column, silicic acid impregnated paper, etc.). From all the species several spasmogenic principles were obtained. Chemical and biological properties in dicated the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, phosphatidyl and phosphatidal choline and an“SRS” principle. The“SRS” principles from the three species seemed to be identical or very closely related. Phosphatidase A‐like and chymotrypsin‐like enzymes are present in mast cells. Such enzymes are the only enzymes shown to be able to degranulate mast cells. The possible connection between these enzymes and the formation of spasmogenic principles during histamine release is discussed.
Primary Afferent Depolarization Evoked from the Sensorimotor Cortex
Authors: Carpenter D. , Lundberg A. , Norrsell U. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStimulation of the sensorimotor cortex evokes dorsal root potentials (DRP) in the lumbo‐sacral cord. Primary afferent depolarization is evoked in group Ib and group II muscle af‐ferents and cutaneous afferents but not in Ia afferents. The effects are mediated by the pyramidal tract. There is spatial facilitation between the paths from primary afferents and cortex. It is concluded that the pyramidal tract acts on primary afferents by giving excitatory action to interneurones of spinal reflex arcs to primary afferents.
Organization of Ascending Tracts in the Spinal Cord of the Duck
Authors: Oscarsson O. , Rosén I. , Uddenberg N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDischarges evoked in ascending spinal tracts on stimulation of muscle, skin, and mixed, leg and wing nerves were recorded from dissected fascicles of the cord. The results show that ascending tracts in the bird are organized as in the mammal: (i) dorsal tracts are mono‐ and polysynaptically activated only from ipsilateral nerves; (ii) ventral tracts are monosynaptically activated only from contralateral nerves and polysynaptically activated from both ipsilateral and contralateral nerves. It is concluded that the former tracts are uncrossed and the latter tracts crossed at the spinal level. — Low threshold muscle afferents activate two ascending spinal tracts: one crossed tract related to leg nerves and one uncrossed tract related to wing nerves. There is evidence that the former but not the latter tract is strongly inhibited from skin and high threshold muscle afferents. It is suggested that the crossed tract is homologous to the ventral spino‐cerebellar tract in mammals. The dorsal spinocerebellar tract either does not exist in the duck or has an organization different from that in the mammal.
Organization of Ascending Tracts in the Spinal Cord of the Frog
Authors: Oscarsson O. , Rosén I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDischarges evoked in ascending spinal tracts on stimulation of the sciatic nerve were recorded from dissected fascicles of the cord. As in mammals and birds dorsally located tracts are activated monosynaptically only from ipsilateral afferents, whereas ventromedially located tracts are activated monosynaptically only from contralateral afferents. It is concluded that the former tracts are uncrossed and the latter tracts crossed at the spinal level. The overlapping of the areas containing uncrossed and crossed tracts is much larger in the amphibian than in the mammalian and avian cords. The fastest fibres of the ascending tracts have a conduction velocity of about 10 m/sec.