bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding effects of the group process on drinking outcomes for emerging adults experiencing homelessness
Authors: D'Amico Elizabeth J. , Houck Jon M. , Pedersen Eric R. , Klein David J. , Rodriguez Anthony , Tucker Joan S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is little research on group process for motivational interviewing‐based group interventions with young people. We examine how change talk, group climate and cohesion, and facilitator empathy among emerging adults experiencing homelessness affect their drinking outcomes.MethodsData come from a clinical trial at three drop‐in centers serving emerging adults experiencing homelessness in Los Angeles County and focus on those who received the intervention (n = 132). Participants completed baseline, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up surveys. They were predominantly male and non‐white. Group sessions were digitally recorded and coded for percentage change talk (PCT), group climate and cohesion, and facilitator empathy.ResultsBecause baseline alcohol use was significantly higher at site 1 than sites 2 and 3, we examined associations separately by site. At 6 months, higher PCT was associated with fewer drinks per drinking day for sites 2 and 3, whereas higher PCT was associated with more drinks per drinking day for site 1. There were no effects of PCT at 12 months. Higher group cohesion scores were associated with fewer drinking days at 6 months; higher facilitator empathy was associated with fewer maximum drinks in a day at both 6 and 12 months. Group climate was not associated with drinking outcomes.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of measuring multiple factors in the group process to understand outcomes. What is “uttered” during group and what is observed provide different methods to evaluate the group process and allow us to better bridge the gap between research and practice.
Quantifying alcohol‐attributable disability‐adjusted life years to others than the drinker in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A modelling study based on administrative data
Authors: Casswell Sally , Huckle Taisia , Romeo Jose S. , Moewaka Barnes Helen , Connor Jennie , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsQuantifying the health burden of alcohol has largely focused upon harm to drinkers, which is an underestimate. There is a growing literature on alcohol‘s harm to others (HTO), but it lacks the systematic transfer of HTO into a comparative risk assessment framework. This study calculated disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), interpersonal violence and traffic injury due to another‘s drinking.DesignThis study is a disease burden analysis, using modelling of DALYs for New Zealand in 2018.Setting and participantsThe study took place among the Aotearoa/New Zealand population in 2018.MeasurementsThe involvement of others’ drinking was obtained from prevalence, alcohol‐attributable fraction studies and administrative data. Disability weights (DW) for FASD were adapted from fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) weights using a Beta–Pert probability distribution; for interpersonal injury, DWs used hospital events linked with injury compensation; for traffic injury, DWs used hospital events. Populations were stratified by ethnicity, age group and gender. A descriptive comparison was made with a previous estimate of DALYs for drinkers.FindingsIn 2018, 78 277 healthy life years were lost in Aotearoa/New Zealand due to alcohol's HTO. The main contributor (90.3%) was FASD, then traffic crashes (6.3%) and interpersonal violence (3.4%). The indigenous population, Māori, was impacted at a higher rate (DALYs among Māori were 25 per 1000 population; among non‐Māori 15 per 1000 population). The burden of HTO was greater than that to drinkers (DALYs HTO = 78 277; DALYs drinkers = 60 174).ConclusionsDisability from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) appears to be a major contributor to alcohol's harm to others in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Taking FASD into account, the health burden of harm to others is larger than harm to the drinker in Aotearoa/New Zealand, and ethnicity differences show inequity in harm to others. Quantification of the burden of harm informs the value of implementing effective alcohol policies and should include the full range of harms.
Modelling the sustainable harvest of wild populations for the conservation of a threatened amphibian
Authors: Mathwin Rupert , Wassens Skye , Turner Anna , Heard Geoffrey W. , Hall Andrew , Bradshaw Corey J. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHarvesting wild populations is increasingly used to support conservation initiatives, including translocations, captive assurance colonies, and breeding programs. Best‐practice guidelines recommend that population viability analyses should be developed to assess the potential impact of harvest on source populations, allowing quantification of the risk incurred by the conservation programme. We developed a stochastic population model to assess the relative impact of harvesting southern bell frogs (Litoria raniformis) from three well‐studied populations. We compared the probability of local extinction when harvesting from three life stages (spawn, tadpoles, and adults) and at 21 harvest proportions (from 0 to 1, in 0.05 increments). Source populations with an estimated average of 100 adult frogs and with three or fewer breeding opportunities every 5 years showed increased risk of local extinction and lower minimum adult populations from all harvest strategies. Sources with an estimated average population >600 adult frogs and breeding opportunities in at least eight out of every 10 years were more resilient to harvest. For these populations, harvesting up to 25% of spawning masses or late‐stage tadpoles had a negligible impact on the probability of local extinction and caused a slight decrease in the minimum adult population. Harvesting adults impacted source populations more strongly than harvesting spawn or tadpoles. Our model highlights the importance of frequent breeding opportunities to offset the effects of harvesting L. raniformis. Populations sustained by environmental water delivery should be prioritized for the two consecutive breeding seasons following harvest in the absence of natural wetland inundation. We demonstrate a tractable approach to assess and compare the relative risk of wild harvest for threatened amphibians, with implications for the conservation of our focal species, L. raniformis. We encourage conservation practitioners to implement population viability analyses prior to wild harvest, whenever sufficient demographic information is available to build the requisite models.
The influence of climate and the presence of predators on the daily activity pattern of collared peccaries (Dicotyles tajacu, Cetartiodactyla)
Authors: dos Santos Debora Bohrer , Viana Junior Arleu Barbosa , Duarte Gabriela Teixeira , Pires Maria Rita Silvério , de Azevedo Cristiano Schetini 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCollared peccaries (Dicotyles tajacu, Cetartiodactyla) adjust their daily activity patterns in response to different factors, such as the presence of predators or climatic factors (temperature and rainfall), as a way of ensuring survival. The knowledge of these patterns allows us to understand the interspecific interactions of the community. This study measured daily activity of the collared peccary, and evaluated how different climatic conditions, and the presence of predators influenced their activity patterns. Data were obtained from eight camera traps over 13 months in the Municipality of Ouro Preto, Brazil. The daily activity periods of collared peccaries and their predators were evaluated and the animals classified as diurnal, nocturnal, crepuscular, or cathemeral. Camera‐trap records were used to assess whether temperature and rainfall affected daily activity patterns in peccaries. We found that neither rainfall nor temperature influence the activity pattern. Peccary activity overlapped with the activity of local predators. A low level of overlap was recorded with the activity of Puma concolor and high level of overlap with the activity of Leopardus pardalis, Canis lupus familiaris, and human activity. The low activity overlap of collared peccaries with P. concolor may be related to an attempt to decrease predation risk, while the high activity overlaps with domestic dogs and humans may be related to the low hunting pressure exerted in the region and also to the foraging opportunities for peccaries in areas closer to human settlements, where orchards are present. The high activity overlap with L. pardalis can be related to the smaller size of this predator and the aggressive group anti‐predator behaviour of the collared peccary. Our results show that collared peccaries can adjust their daily activity when an apex predator is present, but this adjustment is not generalized to all predators.
Incidence of shoulder dystocia and risk factors for recurrence in the subsequent pregnancy—A historical register‐based cohort study
Authors: Jeppegaard Maria , Larsen Marie H. , Thams Amalie B. , Schmidt Amalie B. , Rasmussen Steen C. , Krebs Lone 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionShoulder dystocia is a rare obstetric complication, and the risk of recurrence is important for planning future deliveries.Material and MethodsThe objectives of our study were to estimate the incidence and risk factors for recurrence of shoulder dystocia and to identify women at high risk of recurrence in a subsequent vaginal delivery. The study design was a nationwide register‐based study including data from the Danish Medical Birth Registry and National Patient Register in the period 2007–2017. Nulliparous women with a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation were included for analysis of risk factors in index and subsequent delivery.ResultsDuring the study period, 6002 cases of shoulder dystocia were reported with an overall incidence among women with vaginal delivery of 1.2%. Among 222 225 nulliparous women with vaginal births, shoulder dystocia complicated 2209 (1.0%) deliveries. A subsequent birth was registered in 1106 (50.1%) of the women with shoulder dystocia in index delivery of which 837 (77.8%) delivered vaginally. Recurrence of shoulder dystocia was reported in 60 (7.2%) with a six‐fold increased risk compared with women without a prior history of shoulder dystocia (risk ratio [RR] 5.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.41 to 7.38; adjusted RR 3.06, 95% CI: 2.03 to 4.68). Low maternal height was a significant risk factor for recurrence of shoulder dystocia. In the subsequent delivery, significant risk factors for recurrence were birthweight >4000 g, positive fetal weight difference exceeding 250 g from index to subsequent delivery, stimulation with oxytocin and operative vaginal delivery. In the subsequent pregnancy following shoulder dystocia, women who underwent a planned cesarean (n = 176) were characterized by more advanced age and a higher prevalence of diabetes in the subsequent pregnancy. Furthermore, they had more often experienced operative vaginal delivery, severe perineal lacerations, and severe neonatal complications at the index delivery.ConclusionsThe incidence of shoulder dystocia among nulliparous women with vaginal delivery was 1.0% with a 7.2% risk of recurrence in a population where about 50% had a subsequent birth and of these 78% had subsequent vaginal delivery. Important risk factors for recurrence were low maternal height, increase of birthweight ≥250 g from index to subsequent delivery and operative vaginal delivery.
Facilitators and constraints to family integrated care in low‐resource settings informed the adaptation in Uganda
Authors: Kabajassi Olive , Reiter Anna , Tagoola Abner , Kenya‐Mugisha Nathan , O'Brien Karel , Wiens Matthew O. , Feeley Nancy , Duby Jessica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimFamily Integrated Care (FICare) was developed in high‐income countries and has not been tested in resource‐poor settings. We aimed to identify the facilitators and constraints that informed the adaptation of FICare to a neonatal hospital unit in Uganda.MethodsMaternal focus groups and healthcare provider interviews were conducted at Uganda's Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in 2020. Transcripts were analysed using inductive content analysis. An adaptation team developed Uganda FICare based on the identified facilitators and constraints.ResultsParticipants included 10 mothers (median age 28 years) and eight healthcare providers (seven female, median age 41 years). Reducing healthcare provider workload, improving neonatal outcomes and empowering mothers were identified as facilitators. Maternal stress, maternal difficulties in learning new skills and mistrust of mothers by healthcare providers were cited as constraints. Uganda FICare focused on task‐shifting important but neglected patient care tasks from healthcare providers to mothers. Healthcare providers learned how to respond to maternal concerns. Intervention material was adapted to prioritise images over text. Mothers familiar with FICare provided peer‐to‐peer support to other mothers.ConclusionUganda FICare shares the core values of FICare but was adapted to be feasible in low‐resource settings.
Evaluation of potential hepatic recompensation criteria in patients with PBC and decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Hofer Benedikt Silvester , Burghart Lukas , Halilbasic Emina , Simbrunner Benedikt , Petrenko Oleksandr , Mandorfer Mattias , Stättermayer Albert Friedrich , Trauner Michael , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: February 2024

SummaryBackgroundAetiological therapy improves liver function and may enable hepatic recompensation in decompensated cirrhosis.AimsWe explored the potential for recompensation in patients with decompensated primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) – considering a biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) according to Paris‐II criteria as a surrogate for successful aetiological treatment.MethodsPatients with PBC were retrospectively included at the time of first decompensation. Recompensation was defined as (i) resolution of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) despite discontinuation of diuretic/HE therapy, (ii) absence of variceal bleeding and (iii) sustained liver function improvement.ResultsIn total, 42 patients with PBC with decompensated cirrhosis (age: 63.5 [IQR: 51.9–69.2] years; 88.1% female; MELD‐Na: 13.5 [IQR: 11.0–15.0]) were included and followed for 41.9 (IQR: 11.0–70.9) months after decompensation. Seven patients (16.7%) achieved recompensation. Lower MELD‐Na (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 0.90; p = 0.047), bilirubin (SHR per mg/dL: 0.44; p = 0.005) and alkaline phosphatase (SHR per 10 U/L: 0.67; p = 0.001) at decompensation, as well as variceal bleeding as decompensating event (SHR: 4.37; p = 0.069), were linked to a higher probability of recompensation. Overall, 33 patients were treated with UDCA for ≥1 year and 12 (36%) achieved Paris‐II response criteria. Recompensation occurred in 5/12 (41.7%) and in 2/21 (9.5%) patients with vs. without UDCA response at 1 year, respectively. Recompensation was linked to a numerically improved transplant‐free survival (HR: 0.46; p = 0.335). Nonetheless, 4/7 recompensated patients presented with liver‐related complications after developing hepatic malignancy and/or portal vein thrombosis and 2 eventually died.ConclusionsPatients with PBC and decompensated cirrhosis may achieve hepatic recompensation under UDCA therapy. However, since liver‐related complications still occur after recompensation, patients should remain under close follow‐up.
A method of calculating weighted values of objective traits for BLUP of breeding values to achieve relative desired changes
Authors: Satoh Masahiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA method of calculating weighted values for objective traits from the phenotypic records of all animals in a population was devised as an alternative to the conventional method of calculating weighted values from a family selection index. The genetic improvement of this method was verified by Monte Carlo computer simulation. A base population consisting of 10 males and 50 females, and five separate generations, other than the base population that had been randomly selected, was bred for two traits with different heritabilities. The breeding values of animals in generation five were estimated using the bivariate BLUP method. The three different weighted values obtained from this method and two conventional methods for estimated breeding values of the objective traits were used to estimate aggregate breeding values for selection. The results showed that selection using weighted values calculated from all animals in a population resulted in a greater response to selection, especially when the genetic correlation between the two traits was positive, than selection using other conventional methods. The use of the method devised in this study was expected to result in a greater genetic improvement than the conventional family selection index method for pig breeding programs applied in closed herds in Japan.
Linking school‐ and classroom‐level characteristics to child adjustment: A representative study of children from Hong Kong, China
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Lam Chun Bun , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe school is one of the most salient developmental contexts for children. However, little is known about the associations linking the school environment to child adjustment in a non‐Western context, not to mention the potential processes that may mediate these associations.AimsThis study examined the associations of school‐ and classroom‐level characteristics with child adjustment and tested whether these associations were mediated by teacher–child relationship qualities.SampleCross‐sectional data were collected on a representative sample of 1777 children (mean age = 55.14 months; 50% of them were girls) from 100 kindergartens in Hong Kong, China.MethodsUsing self‐reported questionnaires, teachers rated their school‐level environments, their classroom chaos, their closeness and conflict with children and children's socioemotional competence and academic ability. Meanwhile, parents rated children's behavioural problems.ResultsMultilevel structural equation modelling revealed that the school‐level environment and classroom chaos were uniquely associated with children's socioemotional, behavioural and academic adjustment. Moreover, the associations of the school‐level environment and classroom chaos with child socioemotional and academic adjustment were mediated by teacher–child closeness and conflict, whereas the associations of the school‐level environment and classroom chaos with child behavioural problems were mediated by teacher–child conflict only.ConclusionsFindings indicated how school‐ and classroom‐level characteristics may be uniquely associated with child adjustment and how teacher–child relationships may be implicated in the underlying mechanism, highlighting the potential utility of targeting school‐ and classroom‐level environments and teacher–child relationships in promoting child development.
Effect of an AI‐based chatbot on students' learning performance in alternate reality game‐based museum learning
Authors: Liang Hsin‐Yi , Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Hsu Tien‐Yu , Yeh Jen‐Yuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, alternate reality games (ARGs) have been applied in museum learning to encourage learners' active engagement through playful problem‐solving activities. However, most learners have insufficient prior knowledge and metacognitive skills to complete the learning tasks in such games. To support learning with ARGs, there is a need to provide proper feedback so that the learners are capable of self‐regulated learning and solving the problems encountered during the learning process. Considering the influences of individual differences, this research developed a chatbot as a learning partner in ARG‐based learning to support students’ learning with adaptive feedback in a museum. A quasi‐experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness with and without the proposed approach. The results showed that the AI‐based chatbot approach could significantly improve learners' metacognition awareness, emotional engagement and behavioural engagement. Besides, it is helpful to facilitate students' double‐loop learning.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Alternate reality games (ARGs) enable students to interact with real‐world contexts.
The complexities of real contexts and ambiguities of the ARGs could frustrate students and demotivate their engagement in problem‐solving activities.
Conventional corrected feedback may fail to match individual students' requirements in solving encountered problems.
What this paper adds

An AI‐based chatbot was designed as a smart learning partner to support the students in solving encountered problems.
The experimental results showed that the proposed approach improved students' metacognitive awareness and engagement.
A drawing analysis and a behaviour sequential analysis were applied to further examine the students' perceptions and behavioural patterns.
Implications for practice and/or policy

It is potentially worth integrating AI‐based chatbots into game‐based learning to promote students' metacognitive awareness and engagement.
AI‐based chatbots provide adaptive feedback to effectively facilitate students' self‐regulated learning and double‐loop learning.
A novel grading approach predicts worse outcomes in stage pT1 non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Haas Maximilian , Engelmann Simon U. , Mayr Roman , Gossler Christopher , Pickl Christoph , Kälble Sebastian , Yang Yushan , Otto Wolfgang , Hartmann Valerie , Burger Maximilian , Hartmann Arndt , Breyer Johannes , Eckstein Markus 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo develop a prognostically relevant scoring system for stage pT1 non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) incorporating tumour budding, growth pattern and invasion pattern because the World Health Organisation grading system shows limited prognostic value in such patients.Patients and MethodsThe tissue specimens and clinical data of 113 patients with stage pT1 NMIBC who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour were retrospectively investigated. Tumour budding, and growth and invasion patterns were evaluated and categorised into two grade groups (GGs). GGs and other clinical and histopathological variables were investigated regarding recurrence‐free survival (RFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses.ResultsThe integration of two tumour budding groups, two growth patterns, and two invasion patterns yielded an unfavourable GG (n = 28; 24.7%) that had a high impact on oncological outcomes. The unfavourable GG was identified as an independent RFS and OS predictor (P = 0.004 and P = 0.046, respectively) and linked to worse PFS (P = 0.001) and CSS (P = 0.001), irrespective of the European Association of Urology risk group. The unfavourable GG was associated with higher rates of BCG‐unresponsive tumours (P = 0.006). Study limitations include the retrospective, single‐centre design, diverse therapies and small cohort.ConclusionsWe present a morphology‐based grading system for stage pT1 NMIBC that correlates with disease aggressiveness and oncological patient outcomes. It therefore identifies a highest risk group of stage pT1 NMIBC patients, who should be followed up more intensively or receive immediate radical cystectomy. The grading incorporates objective variables assessable on haematoxylin and eosin slides and immunohistochemistry, enabling an easy‐to‐use low‐cost approach that is applicable in daily routine. Further studies are needed to validate and confirm these results.