bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liraglutide for Lower Limb Perfusion in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Caruso Paola , Maiorino Maria Ida , Longo Miriam , Porcellini Chiara , Matrone Rita , Digitale Selvaggio Lucia , Gicchino Maurizio , Carbone Carla , Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Bellastella Giuseppe , Giugliano Dario , Esposito Katherine 
Published: March 2024

ImportancePeripheral artery disease (PAD) in diabetes may lead to diabetic foot ulcer and lower-extremities amputation. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists have proven cardiovascular benefits in trials of people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of liraglutide on peripheral perfusion measured as peripheral transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPo2) in individuals with type 2 diabetes and PAD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted between February 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022, with a final follow-up on December 30, 2022, at University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy. Fifty-five individuals with type 2 diabetes, PAD, and TcPo2 between 30 and 49 mm Hg were included.InterventionsPatients were randomized to receive 1.8 mg of subcutaneous liraglutide or conventional treatment of cardiovascular risk factors (control group) for 6 months.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCoprimary outcomes were the change from baseline of peripheral perfusion between groups and the comparison of the proportion of individuals who reached 10% increase of TcPo2 from baseline in each group.ResultsFifty-five participants (mean [SD] age, 67.5 [8.5] years; 43 [78%] male) were randomized (27 to the liraglutide group and 28 to the control group) and analyzed. Participants had a median (IQR) hemoglobin A1c level of 6.9% (6.5%-7.8%) and a mean (SD) TcPo2 of 40.3 (5.7) mm Hg. Transcutaneous Po2 increased over time in both groups, with significant differences favoring the liraglutide group after 6 months (estimated treatment difference, 11.2 mm Hg; 95% CI, 8.0-14.5 mm Hg; P &amp;lt; .001). The 10% increase of TcPo2 occurred in 24 participants (89%) in the liraglutide group and 13 (46%) in the control group (relative risk, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.26-2.90; P &amp;lt; .001). Compared with the control group, individuals in the liraglutide group had a significant reduction of C-reactive protein (−0.4 mg/dL; 95% CI, −0.7 to −0.07 mg/dL; P = .02), urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (−119.4 mg/g; 95% CI, −195.0 to −43.8 mg/g; P = .003), and improvement of 6-minute walking distance (25.1 m; 95% CI, 21.8-28.3 m; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial of people with type 2 diabetes and PAD, liraglutide increased peripheral perfusion detected by TcPo2 measurement during 6 months of treatment. These results support the use of liraglutide to prevent the clinical progression of PAD in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04881110
Sex-Specific Association of Alcohol Use Disorder With Suicide Mortality
Authors: Lange Shannon , Kim Kawon V. , Lasserre Aurélie M. , Orpana Heather , Bagge Courtney , Roerecke Michael , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceDespite individual studies suggesting that sex differences exist in the association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and suicide, most existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported associations across the sexes.ObjectiveTo estimate the sex-specific association between AUD and suicide mortality.Data SourcesEmbase, MEDLINE (including MEDLINE In-Process), PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to April 27, 2022.Study SelectionInclusion criteria consisted of the following: (1) original, quantitative study, (2) inclusion of a measure of association and its corresponding measure of variability (or sufficient data to calculate these [eg, 95% CI]), and (3) results stratified by sex.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction was completed by one reviewer and then cross-checked by a second reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed by study design. Categorical random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to obtain sex-specific pooled estimates of the association between AUD and suicide mortality risk. Methodological moderators (ie, study design and comparator group) were assessed using sex-stratified meta-regressions.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe association between AUD and suicide mortality.ResultsA total of 16 347 unique records were identified in the systematic search; 24 studies were ultimately included for 37 870 699 participants (59.7% male and 40.3% female) (23 risk estimates for male and 17 for female participants). Participants ranged in age from 15 years to 65 years or older. Sex-specific meta-regression models indicated that study design (ie, longitudinal vs cross-sectional study design) affected the observed association between AUD and suicide mortality for both male participants (log odds ratio, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.08-1.28]; P = .03) and female participants (log odds ratio, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.57-2.24]; P &amp;lt; .001). For males and females, among longitudinal studies, the pooled odds ratios were 2.68 (95% CI, 1.86-3.87; I2 = 99% [n = 14]) and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.50-3.81; I2 = 90% [n = 11]), respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis yielded substantive evidence that AUD was associated with suicide mortality and that the association was similar across the sexes. The findings underscore the importance of identifying and treating AUD as part of a comprehensive suicide prevention strategy.
Recent Advances in Transparent Materials Based on Ionic Liquids and Their Applications in Sensors
Authors: Ye Xu , Geng Ziru , Rao Xiao , Wu Yueyue , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Yan , Wang Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSince the 21st century, transparent flexible sensors (TFSs) have been widely employed in abundant fields, such as smart glasses, intelligent watches, robots, electronic skin, especially biomedicine. Presently, various materials have been developed, such as metal‐based, carbon‐based, conductive polymer‐based, and ionic liquid‐based (IL‐based) materials. Compared with the first three materials, IL, as a novel material, with the tendency of green chemistry development, has a high application prospect in TFSs. Based on this, this paper mainly discusses recent advances in TFSs based on ILs, with special emphasis on the role of ILs and the factors influencing transparency as well as electricity. The current challenges and opportunities for each type of sensors based on IL are also studied.
Person‐specific differences in ubiquitin‐proteasome mediated proteostasis in human neurons
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Chen , Augur Zachary M. , Arbery Mason , Ashour Nancy , Barrett Katharine , Pearse Richard V. , Tio Earvin S. , Duong Duc M. , Felsky Daniel , De Jager Philip L. , Bennett David A. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Young‐Pearse Tracy L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDImpairment of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) has been implicated in abnormal protein accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. It remains unclear if genetic variation affects the intrinsic properties of neurons that render some individuals more vulnerable to UPS impairment.METHODSInduced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neurons were generated from over 50 genetically variant and highly characterized participants of cohorts of aging. Proteomic profiling, proteasome activity assays, and Western blotting were employed to examine neurons at baseline and in response to UPS perturbation.RESULTSNeurons with lower basal UPS activity were more vulnerable to tau accumulation following mild UPS inhibition. Chronic reduction in proteasome activity in human neurons induced compensatory elevation of regulatory proteins involved in proteostasis and several proteasome subunits.DISCUSSIONThese findings reveal that genetic variation influences basal UPS activity in human neurons and differentially sensitizes them to external factors perturbing the UPS, leading to the accumulation of aggregation‐prone proteins such as tau.Highlights
Polygenic risk score for AD is associated with the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) in neurons.
Basal proteasome activity correlates with aggregation‐prone protein levels in neurons.
Genetic variation affects the response to proteasome inhibition in neurons.
Neuronal proteasome perturbation induces an elevation in specific proteins involved in proteostasis.
Low basal proteasome activity leads to enhanced tau accumulation with UPS challenge.
Boosted Second Harmonic Generation of a Chiral Hybrid Lead Halide Resonant to Charge Transfer Exciton from Metal Halide Octahedra to Ligand
Authors: Cheng Puxin , Jia Xiaodi , Chai Siqian , Li Geng , Xin Mingyang , Guan Junjie , Han Xiao , Han Wenqing , Zeng Shuming , Zheng Yongshen , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChiral hybrid organic–inorganic metal halides (HOMHs) offer an ideal platform for the advancement of second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials owing to their inherent noncentrosymmetric structures. The enhancement of optical nonlinearity of chiral HOMHs could be achieved by matching the free exciton and/or self‐trapped exciton energy levels with desired NLO frequencies. However, the current scarcity of resonance modes and low resonance ratio hamper the further improvements of NLO performance. Herein, we propose a new resonant channel of charge transfer (CT) excited states from metal halide polyhedra to organic ligand to boost the second‐order optical nonlinearity of chiral HOMHs. The model lead halide (C7H10N)PbBr3 (C7H10N=1‐ethylpyridinium) exhibits a drastically enhanced second harmonic generation in resonance to the deep CT exciton energy, with intensity of up to 111.0 times that of KDP and 10.9 times that of urea. The effective NLO coefficient has been determined to be as high as ~40.2 pm V−1, balanced with a large polarization ratio and high laser damage threshold. This work highlights the contribution of organic ligands in the construction of a resonant channel for enhancing second‐order NLO coefficients of metal halides, and thus provides guidelines for designing new chiral HOMHs materials for advanced nonlinear photonic applications.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Tricoordinate Organoberyllium Azides
Authors: Czernetzki Corinna , Kunz Tanja , Huynh Silvia , Lamprecht Anna , Sprenger Jan , Finze Maik , Arrowsmith Merle , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA series of terminal mono‐ and disubstituted beryllium azides of the form [(CAAC)Be(N3)R] (R=CAACH, Dur; CAACH/CAAC=1‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidin‐2‐yl/idene, Dur=2,3,5,6‐tetramethylphenyl) and [L2Be(N3)2] (L=CAACNH=1‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidin‐2‐imine, IiPrMe=1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene), respectively, were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. Thermolysis and photolysis products of these first examples of tricoordinate azidoberyllium complexes evidence extensive ligand scrambling and the formal insertion of nitrenes into the CAAC−Be bond, generating cyclic alkyl(amino)imine (CAAI) ligands. Furthermore, the reaction with a small N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) leads to unexpected CAAC‐NHC ligand exchange, while the reaction with pentaphenylborole yields the first γ‐azide adduct of a borole, long postulated to be the first step in the synthesis of 1,2‐azaborinines from boroles and azides.
Anatomical study with clinical significance of communicating and visceral branching of the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic trunk
Authors: Franco‐Riveros Verena B. , Pividori Sofía M. , Martin Tomás I. , Nicora Florencia E. , Lallana María Cecilia , Pontecorvo Agustina A. , Flores Juan Carlos , Tubbs Richard Shane , Boezaart André P. , Reina Miguel A. , Buchholz Bruno 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurrent advances in the management of the autonomic nervous system in various cardiovascular diseases, and in treatments for pain or sympathetic disturbances in the head, neck, or upper limbs, necessitate a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the cervicothoracic sympathetic trunk. Our objective was to enhance our understanding of the origin and distribution of communicating branches and visceral cervicothoracic sympathetic nerves in human fetuses. This was achieved through a comprehensive topographic systematization of the branching patterns observed in the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia, along with the distribution of communicating branches to each cervical spinal nerve. We conducted detailed sub‐macroscopic dissections of the cervical and thoracic regions in 20 human fetuses (40 sides). The superior and cervicothoracic ganglia were identified as the cervical sympathetic ganglia that provided the most communicating branches on both sides. The middle and accessory cervical ganglia contributed the fewest branches, with no significant differences between the right and left sides. The cervicothoracic ganglion supplied sympathetic branches to the greatest number of spinal nerves, spanning from C5 to T2. The distribution of communicating branches to spinal nerves was non‐uniform. Notably, C3, C4, and C5 received the fewest branches, and more than half of the specimens showed no sympathetic connections. C1 and C2 received sympathetic connections exclusively from the superior ganglion. Spinal nerves that received more branches often did so from multiple ganglia. The vertebral nerve provided deep communicating branches primarily to C6, with lesser contributions to C7, C5, and C8. The vagus nerve stood out as the cranial nerve with the most direct sympathetic connections. The autonomic branching pattern and connections of the cervicothoracic sympathetic trunk are significantly variable in the fetus. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic trunk and its branches is valuable during autonomic interventions and neuromodulation. This knowledge is particularly relevant for addressing various autonomic cardiac diseases and for treating pain and vascular dysfunction in the head, neck, and upper limbs.
[Gd(HB‐DO3A)]: Equilibrium, Dissociation Kinetic and Structural Differences in a Simple Homolog of [Gd(HP‐DO3A)] (Prohance®)
Authors: Versolatto Silvia , Boccalon Mariangela , Guidolin Nicol , Travagin Fabio , Alessio Enzo , Aime Silvio , Balducci Gabriele , Giovenzana Giovanni B. , Baranyai Zsolt 
Published: March 2024

Abstract[Gd(HP‐DO3A)] (gadoteridol) as an active compound of ProHance® is a widely employed contrast agent in clinical MRI scans in the last 30 years. Recent concerns about the long‐term retention of gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) led to a deeper investigation of the structural features underlying the integrity of the paramagnetic metal complex. Several human and nonclinical studies have noted marked differences among the macrocyclic GBCAs, with the least retention of Gd traces and most rapid elimination consistently being reported for [Gd(HP‐DO3A)]. It was deemed of interest to assess how minor structural/electronic changes associated to the ligand structure may affect basic properties of the metal complex with several [Gd(HP‐DO3A)] analogues synthesized and characterized in the last years. We recently reported that the closest homolog of [Gd(HP‐DO3A)], i. e.: [Gd(HB‐DO3A)], in which a (±)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propyl pendant arm is replaced by a (±)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐butyl moiety, showed a significantly different retention behaviour in the model interaction with collagen, despite the apparently very minor structural difference. In this paper we report a comprehensive study of the structural, thermodynamic, kinetic and relaxation properties of [Gd(HB‐DO3A)], compared to the parent [Gd(HP‐DO3A)] and to other closely related macrocyclic GBCAs to assess whether very minor structural changes can modulate the physico‐chemical properties of Gd3+ complexes.
Stereoselective Synthesis of β, γ‐Fused Bicyclic γ‐Ureasultams via an Intramolecular Mannich and aza‐Michael Addition Cascade
Authors: Yin Fucheng , Qu Lailiang , Chen Yifan , Luo Zhongwen , Kong Lingyi , Wang Xiaobing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA novel approach has been developed for the synthesis of bicyclic β, γ‐fused bicyclic γ‐ureasultams containing two consecutive chiral centers through an intramolecular Mannich and aza‐Michael addition cascade of alkenyl sulfamides. The straightforward practical procedure and readily available starting materials enable the synthesis of variously substituted ureasultams. In addition, bicyclic γ‐ureasultams is a class of potential biotin analogues.
The changing landscape of small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cittolin‐Santos Giordano Fabricio , Knapp Brendan , Ganesh Bharath , Gao Feng , Waqar Saiama , Stinchcombe Thomas Eldridge , Govindan Ramaswamy , Morgensztern Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSmall‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by rapid proliferation and early dissemination. The objective of this study was to examine the demographic trends and outcomes in SCLC.MethodsThe authors queried the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to assess the trends in incidence, demographics, staging, and survival for SCLC from 1975 to 2019. Trends were determined using joinpoint analysis according to the year of diagnosis.ResultsAmong the 530,198 patients with lung cancer, there were 73,362 (13.8%) with SCLC. The incidence per 100,000 population peaked at 15.3 in 1986 followed by a decline to 6.5 in 2019. The percentage of SCLC among all lung tumors increased from 13.3% in 1975 to a peak of 17.5% in 1986, declining to 11.1% by 2019. There was an increased median age at diagnosis from 63 to 69 years and an increased percentage of women from 31.4% to 51.2%. The percentage of stage IV increased from 58.6% in 1988 to 70.8% in 2010, without further increase. The most common sites of metastasis at diagnosis were mediastinal lymph nodes (75.3%) liver (31.6%), bone (23.7%), and brain (16.4%). The 1‐year and 5‐year overall survival rate increased from 23% and 3.6%, respectively, in 1975–1979 to 30.8% and 6.8%, respectively, in 2010–2019.ConclusionsThe incidence of SCLC peaked in 1988 followed by a gradual decline. Other notable changes include increased median age at diagnosis, the percentage of women, and the percentage of stage IV at diagnosis. The improvement in 5‐year overall survival has been statistically significant but clinically modest.
Photoelectrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrates to Ammonia: Effect of Proton Donor
Authors: Silveira Vitor R. , Bericat‐Vadell Robert , Sá Jacinto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChanges in farming techniques have facilitated the movement of nitrogen‐containing species, making converting nitrate into ammonia (fertilizer) highly desirable. Recently, we introduced a photosystem comprising NiO/Au plasmon/TiO2 that can selectively convert nitrate to ammonia at neutral pH and room temperature using visible light in a photo‐electrochemical approach. The study evaluated the role of adding alcohol to the overall process activity and selectivity. Adding small quantities of alcohol to the electrolyte leads to changes in the catalytic behaviour, which cannot be attributed exclusively to improvement in counter‐electrode reaction kinetics. Analysis of product Faradaic efficiency and photo‐current measurements revealed that alcohols act as proton donors in nitrate/nitrite reduction, possibly through a concerted proton‐couple electron transfer mechanism. These initial findings offer new handles for nitrate reduction to ammonia efficacy at neutral pH. Ultimately, this opens up avenues for agricultural practices that recycle nutrients, improve process circularity, and reduce fertilizer costs, thus contributing to economic sustainability.
Amorphous ZnSnOx Hollow Spheres Enable Highly Efficient CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Hanjun , Chen Yao , Huang Honggang , Cheng Zijing , Bai Shuxing , Lai Feili , Zhang Nan , Liu Tianxi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption and electron transport play an important role in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Herein, we have demonstrated a new class of diverse hollow ZnSnOx (ZSO) through the amorphization of hydroxides to enhance CO2 adsorption and accelerate electron transport. The amorphization is occurred by calcination process, as indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectra. In particular, the ZnSnOx hollow spheres (ZSO HSs) achieve a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of HCOOH up to 92.7 % at best, outperforming the commercial ZSO (Comm. ZSO, 85.7 %). ZSO HSs also exhibit durable stability with negligible activity decay after 10 h of successive electrolysis. In‐situ attenuated total reflectance infrared absorption spectroscopy further reveals strong adsorption of CO2 and rapid intermediate configuration transformation in amorphous ZSO HSs. This work demonstrates the practical application of ZSO for CO2RR and provides a new insight to create efficient CO2RR electrocatalysts.
Enhancing Efficiency and High‐Value Chemicals Generation through Coupling Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Propane Oxidation
Authors: Duan Zitao , Lv Ruiqi , Huang Zongyi , Li Jiwei , Xiao Xiaohong , Zhang Zhaoxia , Wan Shaolong , Wang Shuai , Xiong Haifeng , Yi Xiaodong , Wang Yong , Lin Jingdong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConversion of CO2 into high‐value chemicals using solar energy is one of promising approaches to achieve carbon neutrality. However, the oxidation of water in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction is kinetically unfavorable due to multi‐electron and proton transfer processes, along with the difficulty in generating O−O bonds. To tackle these challenges, this study investigated the coupling reaction of photocatalytic CO2 reduction and selective propane oxidation using the Pd/P25 (1 wt%) catalyst. Our findings reveal a significant improvement in CO2 reduction, nearly fivefold higher, achieved by substituting water oxidation with selective propane oxidation. This substitution not only accelerates the process of CO2 reduction but also yields valuable propylene. The relative ease of propane oxidation, compared to water, appears to increase the density of photogenerated electrons, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of CO2 reduction. We further found that hydroxyl radicals and reduced intermediate (carboxylate species) played important roles in the photocatalytic reaction. These findings not only propose a potential approach for the efficient utilization of CO2 through the coupling of selective propane oxidation into propylene, but also provide insights into the mechanistic understanding of the coupling reaction.