bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Evidence of Multiple Octahedral Al Sites in Na-Montmorillonite by 27Al Multiple Quantum MAS NMR
Authors: Takahashi Takafumi , Kanehashi Koji , Saito Koji 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe configuration of hydroxyl groups around the octahedral cations of 2:1 phyllosilicate minerals has long been an important question in clay science. In the present study, 27Al multiple quantum (MQ) magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) was applied to the local structural analysis of octahedral Al positions in a purified Na-montmorillonite. Three octahedral Al sites ([6]Ala, [6]Alb, and [6]Alc) are distinguished by 27Al 5QMAS NMR, whereas these sites are not differentiated by 27Al MAS and 3QMAS NMR. The isotropic chemical shift (δcs) and the quadrupolar product (PQ) were estimated to be 5.8 ppm and 2.6 MHz for [6]Ala, 6.2 ppm and 3.0 MHz for [6]Alb, and 6.7 ppm and 3.7 MHz for [6]Alc, respectively. The three Al sites originated from geometric isomers with cis and trans structures, which have mutually different configurations of the OH groups around the central Al3+ ions. From the view point of symmetry for the OH groups, [6]Ala and [6]Alb in the upfield region were assigned to cis sites, and [6]Alc in the downfield region was assigned to a trans site. The occurrence of multiple Al sites implies that Na-montmorillonite used in the present study has cis-vacant structure in the octahedral sheet. This is a reasonable insight, supported by the chemical composition and the differential thermal analysis data of the Na-montmorillonite.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) and As(V) on Chitosan-Montmorillonite: Selectivity and pH Dependence
Authors: An Jong-Hyok , Dultz Stefan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMontmorillonite modified with the cationic biopolymer, chitosan, has, in weak acidic solutions, protonated amine groups which act as anion-adsorption sites. Due to the specific surroundings of the adsorption sites and diffusion paths in the interlayer of chitosan-montmorillonite, preferential adsorption of certain anions is likely. In the present study, the adsorption properties for the inorganic anions Cr(VI) and As(V) were determined, taking into account solution pH and competitive adsorption in the presence of Cl− and SO42−${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$. Chitosan-montmorillonite was prepared by adding an amount of chitosan equivalent to 500% of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 5 and 75°C. The resulting anion exchange capacity was ∼0.34 molc/kg. The adsorption properties for As(V) and Cr(VI) were determined with the batch technique at pH 3 to 9. Adsorption isotherms were fitted to the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations and judged quantitatively by the correlation coefficient. To describe the competitive adsorption, the selectivity (S) was determined by the ratio of amounts of anions A and B adsorbed (qA/qB) in a binary system. The ionic species adsorbed, i.e. either Cr(VI) or As(V), depended on the pH, as did the degree of protonation of the amine groups, and this played a decisive role in the amount of anions adsorbed. The maximum amount of Cr(VI) adsorbed was 180 mmol/kg at pH 3.5, whereas for As(V) it was 120 mmol/kg at pH 4.0 to 5.0. The adsorption process of Cr(VI) and As(V) fit well to the Langmuir isotherm. By increasing the concentration of the competitive anion, Cl−, in solution, the amount of Cr(VI) and As(V) adsorbed remained almostconstant, whereas SO42−${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$ had a more pronounced competitive effect. At concentration ratios of 0.5 and 1 for SO42−${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$ to Cr(VI) and As(V), respectively, the sorption capacity decreased by 10 and 25%, respectively. The sequence of the selectivity was: Cr(VI)>SO42−>As(V)>Cl−${\rm{Cr}}\left( {{\rm{VI}}} \right) > {\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - } > {\rm{As}}\left( {\rm{V}} \right) > {\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}^ - }$. Chitosan-montmorillonite showed a high selectivity for Cr(VI), which adsorbed chemically. Despite the lower affinity for As(V) and physical adsorption, the adsorption capacity was relatively high.
Smectite Clay Adsorption of Aflatoxin vs. Octahedral Composition as Indicated by FTIR
Authors: Tenorio Arvide M. G. , Mulder I. , Barrientos Velazquez A. L. , Dixon J. B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe fungus Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries can infect grains and oil seeds and develop Aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in the fieldor in storage. Aflatoxin contamination is a serious health hazard — it is extremely toxic and hepatocarcinogenic for animals and humans. A practical approach to solve this problem is to use smectite clay as an amendment to animal feed. The objective of this research is to investigate smectite clay—AfB1 interactions by employing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine how clay composition influences AfB1 adsorption by smectites. When AfB1 was present in the clay, the spectral region from 1800 to 1300 cm−1 was altered, and the regions between 4000 and 1800 and 1300 and 400 cm−1 were unchanged except for the intensity in the broad region near 3400 cm−1 related to the abundance of water. The 1300–400 cm−1 region is attributed only to smectite clay properties, and it relates to the relative adsorption potential of the different smectites. Bonding between AfB1 and smectite clay appears to be in the furan rings. Other possible bonding is with the two oxygens in the coumarin ring of AfB1 and interlayer cations or their associated water molecules. The FTIR evidence of octahedral Fe in smectite and amorphous silica in the clays both indicate greater AfB1 adsorption potential. Other smectites with spectral absorption indicating predominantly Al in the octahedral positions adsorbed less AfB1.
Quantitative analysis of ancient Chinese ceramic using k
0-instrumental neutron activation analysis
Authors: Wasim M. , Arif M. , Zaidi Jamshed Hussain , Fatima I. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
IAEA-CU-2006-06 (ancient Chinese ceramic) has been analyzed by k
0-INAA and the results for 31 elements are reported. Measurement on Si was done via the (n,p) reaction. The results of 23 elements are within ±10% of the target values and for 2 elements data are reported as information values. The results produce lower relative deviation if compared with the mean reported concentration values submitted by the laboratories participating in the proficiency test. The analysis involves full peak efficiency calibration of the HPGe detector for all counting geometries and characterization of neutron flux at the irradiation channel by determining thermal to epithermal flux ratio and epithermal flux shape factor using Au and Zr flux monitors. The u-score is less than 1 for majority of the elements.
Recombination Load in a Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura
Authors: Santos Mauro 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Chromosomal inversions suppress recombination in heterokaryotypes and may help to maintain positive epistatic interactions among groups of alleles at loci contained in the inversion. Here I evaluate the protective effect of inversions on recombination when different chromosomal segments, or even the whole chromosome O of Drosophila subobscura, can be effectively prevented from undergoing recombination in several naturally occurring heterokaryotypes. The fitness of flies made homozygous for recombinant chromosomes was generally lower when compared to their nonrecombinant counterparts, thus suggesting that segregating gene arrangements in this species hold together favorable combinations of alleles that interact epistatically.
Hungarian validation of the Cardiac Module of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™
Authors: Berkes Andrea , Kiss Mariann , Kemény Csilla , Mogyorósy Gábor 
Published: November 2008

A szerzők közleményükben beszámolnak a Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) gyermekkori egészségfüggő életminőség-mérő kérdőív kardiológiai moduljának magyarországi validálási folyamatáról.
Háttér:
A PedsQL™ 2–18 éves korú gyermekek egészségfüggő életminőségének mérésére kifejlesztett, a jelenlegi szakmai elvárásoknak magas szinten megfelelő moduláris kérdőív. Magyarországon gyermekkardiológiai betegcsoportban még nem számoltak be egészségfüggő életminőség-mérésről.
Célkitűzés:
Gyermekkardiológiai betegek életminőségének mérésére alkalmas mérőmódszer adaptálása és tesztelése.
Módszer:
Validálási folyamat nemzetközi irányelveket követő szekvenciális eljárással. Előtanulmány 105, gyermekkardiológiai betegségben szenvedő gyermeken.
Eredmények:
Az általános teljes életminőség-indexet minden korosztályban a pszichés domének befolyásolták negatív irányba a gyermek- és szülőválaszok esetén egyaránt. A legmagasabb értékeket a szociális jellemzőkre vonatkozó doménnél kaptuk. A betegségspecifikus kérdőíven a szülők minden korosztály esetén, a gyermekek közül viszont csak az 5–7 éves korosztály számolt be kifejezett betegséget kísérő szorongásról. A kognitív és kommunikációs problémák a 8–18 éves gyermekek önértékelése szerint jelentősek. A gyermekek és szüleik véleményazonossága korfüggő, a különbség az életminőség pszichoszociális dimenzióiban kifejezettebb. A szívműtétnek nincs önmagában negatív hatása az életminőségre, az állandó gyógyszerszedés azonban rontja.
Következtetés:
További módszertani vizsgálatok szükségesek az adaptált PedsQL™ kardiológiai modul magyar verziójának pszichometriai teszteléséhez. A nemzetközi irányelveket követő adaptálási folyamat részletes ismertetése segítheti a „patient-reported outcome” (PRO) vizsgálatok hazánkban való elterjedését.
Possible pathogenetic role of vascular, immunological and genetic factors in certain gastoenterological disorders
Authors: Papp Mária 
Published: November 2008

A coeliakia és a gyulladásos bélbetegségek (IBD) változatos klinikai megjelenését befolyásoló faktorok jelentős része ismeretlen. A haptoglobin (Hp) molekula három fő fenotípusa eltérő antioxidáns, scavenger és immunmoduláns tulajdonsággal rendelkezik. Nagyszámú coeliakiás és IBD-betegben vizsgáltuk aHp-polimorfizmus megoszlásátés a betegség klinikai megjelenésével való lehetséges kapcsolatát. A Hp-fenotípusokat szérumból nátrium-dodecil-szulfát poliakrilamid gélelektroforézis (SDS-PAGE) és immunblottal határoztuk meg, amely egyértelműen azonosítja a genotípust is. Coeliakiában a kontrollpopulációhoz képest a Hp2-1fenotípus előfordulása szignifikánsan gyakoribb volt, míg a Hp2-2ritkább. A Hp2-2esetén azonban a súlyos, malabszorpcióval jelentkező klinikai betegség kockázata magasabb volt, míg a silent betegségé jóval alacsonyabb. Crohn-betegekben (CD) a Hp2-1fenotípus esetén a gyulladásos betegségforma előfordulása szignifikánsan gyakoribb volt a másik két Hp-fenotípushoz viszonyítva, míg a stenotizáló formáé ritkább. Primer szklerotizáló cholangitisben a Hp1-1fenotípus nem fordult elő. A Hp szerepét az immunreakciókban betöltött modulálóhatásai és eltérő térszerkezete magyarázhatja. Amikrobiális és autoantigének elleni szerológiai válaszsegítséget jelenthet az IBD differenciáldiagnosztikájában, és összefüggést mutat a betegség fenotípusával. Nagyszámú IBD-betegben vizsgáltuk az anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae(ASCA) és külső membránporin elleni antitestek (anti-Omp) enzimmel kapcsolt immunoszorbens assay (ELISA), illetőleg az atípusos perinukleáris antineutrophil citoplazmatikus antitest (P-ANCA) (indirekt immunfluoreszcencia) előfordulási gyakoriságát és a betegség fenotípusával való lehetséges kapcsolatukat. A szerológiai markerek hasznosnak bizonyultak az IBD differenciáldiagnosztikájában. CD-ben az ASCA- és az anti-Omp-pozitivitás a vékonybél-érintettség és a nem gyulladásos betegségforma szempontjából logisztikus regressziós analízisben is független rizikófaktornak bizonyult, míg a műtéti kockázat tekintetében nem. A nem gyulladásos típusú vékonybél-CD és az antimikrobiális antitest pozitivitásainak száma, illetőleg az antitesttiterek között szintén pozitív korrelációt találtunk (szerológiai-dózis hatás). Továbbá ASCA és az anti-Omp-antitestek jelenléte kapcsolatot mutatott a nucleotid oligomerizációs domén (NOD2/CARD15) genotípussal, és előfordulási gyakoriságuk szignifikánsan nőtt a NOD2/CARD15 mutációk számának növekedésével, ami gén-dózis hatásra utal és alátámasztja a mikrobákkal szembeni megváltozott érzékelés szerepét a CD patogenezisében.
The Ecology of the Vaginal Flora at First Prenatal Visit is Associated with Preterm Delivery and Low Birth Weight
Authors: Donders Gilbert G.G. , Spitz Bernard , Vereecken Annie , Bulck Ben Van , Cornelis Ann , Dekeersmaeker Alfons , Klerckx Patrick , Londers Lieven , Caudron Jos 
Published: November 2008

Objectives:
Can assessment of vaginal microbial flora at first prenatal visit predict the outcome of pregnancy?

Material and Methods:
Pap smears and vaginal cultures were taken from 222 pregnant women at their first prenatal visit.
Lactobacillary grades (LBG I-III) on Pap smears were used as a basis for the scoring. Points were added or subtracted according
to the morphotypes of the lactobacilli, the presence of abnormal cellular morphology, increased vaginal leukocytosis,
visible pathogens or red blood cells, or the finding of cytolysis of epithelial cells. The total score, reflecting the
health of the vaginal microflora, was termed "Vaginal Ecology Score (VECO score)" and compared with pregnancy outcome.

Results:
A strong correlation was found between the vaginal eco-score (VECO) at first prenatal visit and the birth weight
(r2 0.85, p = 0.003), and between the VECO score and the number of days before term delivery took place (r 0.57, p =
0.048). This association persisted after multivariate analysis. After standardization for positive vaginal culture, a VECO
score of 4 or more at first visit was associated with lower birth weight, earlier delivery and smaller fetal head circumference,
but not with histological chorioamnionitis. Chorioamnionitis, on the other hand, was found more often in the group
with positive vaginal cultures at first prenatal visit.

Discussion:
Vaginal micro-ecology can be scored at the first antenatal visit to predict delivery before 40 weeks and lowered
birth weight, even in the absence of overt or detectable infectious disease. To assess prematurity below 37 weeks,
larger studies are needed. This assessment of the vaginal ecology could also easily be applied on fresh wet mounts or
gram stained specimens of vaginal fluid.
Multifaceted Determinants for Achieving Glycemic Control
Authors: Chan Juliana C.N. , Gagliardino Juan Jose , Baik Sei Hyun , Chantelot Jean-Marc , Ferreira Sandra R.G. , Hancu Nicolae , Ilkova Hasan , Ramachandran Ambady , Aschner Pablo ,   on behalf of the IDMPS Investigators
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—The International Diabetes Mellitus Practice Study is a 5-year survey documenting changes in diabetes treatment practice in developing regions.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors for achieving A1C &lt;7% in 11,799 patients (1,898 type 1 diabetic and 9,901 type 2 diabetic) recruited by 937 physicians from 17 countries in Eastern Europe (n = 3,519), Asia (n = 5,888), Latin America (n = 2,116), and Africa (n = 276).
RESULTS—Twenty-two percent of type 1 diabetic and 36% of type 2 diabetic patients never had A1C measurements. In those with values for A1C, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol, 7.5% of type 1 diabetic (n = 696) and 3.6% of type 2 diabetic (n = 3,896) patients attained all three recommended targets (blood pressure &lt;130/80 mmHg, LDL cholesterol &lt;100 mg/dl, and A1C &lt;7%). Self-monitoring of blood glucose was the only predictor for achieving the A1C goal in type 1 diabetes (odds ratios: Asia 2.24, Latin America 3.55, and Eastern Europe 2.42). In type 2 diabetes, short disease duration (Asia 0.97, Latin America 0.97, and Eastern Europe 0.82) and treatment with few oral glucose–lowering drugs (Asia 0.64, Latin America 0.76, and Eastern Europe 0.62) were predictors. Other region-specific factors included lack of microvascular complications and old age in Latin America and Asia; health insurance coverage and specialist care in Latin America; lack of obesity and self-adjustment of insulin dosages in Asia; and training by a diabetes educator, self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients who self-adjusted insulin, and lack of macrovascular complications in Eastern Europe.
CONCLUSIONS—In developing countries, factors pertinent to patients, doctors, and health care systems all impact on glycemic control.
First-Phase Insulin Secretion Restoration and Differential Response to Glucose Load Depending on the Route of Administration in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Salinari Serenella , Bertuzzi Alessandro , Asnaghi Simone , Guidone Caterina , Manco Melania , Mingrone Geltrude 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of diabetes reversibility after malabsorptive bariatric surgery.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Peripheral insulin sensitivity and β-cell function after either intravenous (IVGTT) or oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) tests and minimal model analysis were assessed in nine obese, type 2 diabetic subjects before and 1 month after biliopancreatic diversion and compared with those in six normal-weight control subjects. Insulin-dependent whole-body glucose disposal was measured by the euglycemic clamp, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were also measured.
RESULTS—The first phase of insulin secretion after the IVGTT was fully normalized after the operation. The disposition index from OGTT data was increased about 10-fold and became similar to the values found in control subjects, and the disposition index from IVGTT data increased about 3.5-fold, similarly to what happened after the euglycemic clamp. The area under the curve (AUC) for GIP decreased about four times (from 3,000 ± 816 to 577 ± 155 pmol · l−1 · min, P &lt; 0.05). On the contrary, the AUC for GLP1 almost tripled (from 150.4 ± 24.4 to 424.4 ± 64.3 pmol · l−1 · min, P &lt; 0.001). No significant correlation was found between GIP or GLP1 percent changes and modification of the sensitivity indexes independently of the route of glucose administration.
CONCLUSIONS—Restoration of the first-phase insulin secretion and normalization of insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects after malabsorptive bariatric surgery seem to be related to the reduction of the effect of some intestinal factor(s) resulting from intestinal bypass.
Depression and Diabetes Treatment Nonadherence: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gonzalez Jeffrey S. , Peyrot Mark , McCarl Lauren A. , Collins Erin Marie , Serpa Luis , Mimiaga Matthew J. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—Depression is common in patients with diabetes and is associated with worse treatment outcomes. Its relationship to treatment adherence, however, has not been systematically reviewed. We used meta-analysis to examine the relationship between depression and treatment nonadherence in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We searched MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases for all studies published by June 2007 and reviewed references of published articles. Meta-analytic procedures were used to estimate the effect size r in a random effects model. Significance values, weighted effect sizes, 95% CIs, and tests of homogeneity of variance were calculated.
RESULTS—Results from 47 independent samples showed that depression was significantly associated with nonadherence to the diabetes treatment regimen (z = 9.97, P &lt; 0.0001). The weighted effect size was near the medium range (r = 0.21, 95% CI 0.17–0.25). Moderator analyses showed that the effect was significantly larger in studies that measured self-care as a continuous versus categorical variable (P = 0.001). Effect sizes were largest for missed medical appointments and composite measures of self-care (r values = 0.31, 0.29). Moderation analyses suggest that effects for most other types of self-care are also near the medium range, especially in studies with stronger methodologies.
CONCLUSIONS—These findings demonstrate a significant association between depression and treatment nonadherence in patients with diabetes. Studies that used stronger methodologies had larger effects. Treatment nonadherence may represent an important pathway between depression and worse diabetes clinical outcomes.
Relationship of Soil Moisture With The Incidence of Pod Rot In Peanut in West Texas1
Authors: Choppakatla V. , Wheeler T. A. , Schuster G. L. , Robinson C. , Porter D. O. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Pod rot is a problem on peanut in West Texas and many other areas. Crop consultants scouting fields assume that pod rot will be more severe in high moisture areas of the field, and therefore bias the intensity of their sampling to those areas. The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between soil moisture and pod rot incidence in irrigated fields. Studies were conducted in four fields located in Yoakum County, TX in 2002 and 2003. Surface soil moisture (0 to 12 cm in depth) was measured at 5 min and 24 hr after the center pivot irrigation system passed from each sampling point (20 to 34 points/field). Three plant samples were collected at each point in August and October, and were evaluated for pod rot incidence. In one field where Pythium spp., but not Rhizoctonia spp. was isolated from rotted pods, pod rot incidence in August was negatively correlated with soil moisture at 5 min (r  =  −0.41, P  =  0.04, n  =  25) and 24 hr (r  =  −0.43, P  =  0.03, n  =  25). No correlations between disease and soil moisture in the other three fields was found. Results from these studies suggest that pod rot associated with Pythium spp., or Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp., is not greater in wetter areas of irrigated peanut fields. A comprehensive approach to sampling, irrespective of soil moisture content, is essential for accurate estimation of pod rot.
Musculoskeletal pain in women working in small‐scale agriculture in South Africa
Authors: Naidoo S. , Kromhout H. , London L. , Naidoo R.N. , Burdorf A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal pain is associated with demographic, occupational and physical factors.MethodsOur study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with musculoskeletal pain in 911 women working in small‐scale agriculture in rural northern KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa in 2006 using a questionnaire survey.ResultsIn total, 67% (n = 574) of women reported any chronic musculoskeletal pain. The 12‐month prevalence of pain ranged from 63.9% to 73.3% and the prevalence of specific chronic pain lasting more than 3 months ranged from 42.8% to 48.3%. Older age, carrying heavy loads, working with hands above shoulder height, and frequently squatting and kneeling were associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain.ConclusionThe prevalence of pain reported in our study, was similar to other developing countries, but considerably higher than in developed countries. Ergonomic interventions including improved and adapted work techniques and tools should be considered to reduce the prevalence of pain in our study population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:202–209, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.