bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of olfactory dysfunction with risk for future Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ross G. Webster , Petrovitch Helen , Abbott Robert D. , Tanner Caroline M. , Popper Jordan , Masaki Kamal , Launer Lenore , White Lon R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveAlthough olfactory dysfunction is commonly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), it is not known whether such dysfunction can predate the onset of clinical PD in a community‐based population. This study examines the association of olfactory dysfunction with future development of PD in Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study cohort membersMethodsOlfaction was assessed from 1991 to 1996 in 2,267 men in the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study aged 71 to 95 years who were free of clinical PD and dementia at the time of olfaction testing. Participants were followed for up to 8 years for incident PDResultsIn the course of follow‐up, 35 men were diagnosed with PD (24.6/10,000 person‐years). The average age at the time of diagnosis was 82.9 ± 3.8 (range, 76–93) years, and the average time to a diagnosis was 4.0 ± 1.9 (range, 1–8) years. During the first 4 years of follow‐up, age‐adjusted incidence of PD declined from 54.5/10,000 person‐years in the lowest quartile of odor identification to 26.6, 8.2, and 8.4/10,000 person‐years in the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively (p< 0.001 for trend). After adjustment for age and other potential confounders, the odds ratios for PD in the lowest quartile was 5.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.5–25.6) compared with the top two quartiles. This relation was not evident beyond 4 years of follow‐upInterpretationImpaired olfaction can predate clinical PD in men by at least 4 years and may be a useful screening tool to detect those at high risk for development of PD in later life. Ann Neurol 2007
Long‐term course and mutational spectrum of spatacsin‐linked spastic paraplegia
Authors: Hehr Ute , Bauer Peter , Winner Beate , Schule Rebecca , Olmez Akguen , Koehler Wolfgang , Uyanik Goekhan , Engel Anna , Lenz Daniela , Seibel Andrea , Hehr Andreas , Ploetz Sonja , Gamez Josep , Rolfs Arndt , Weis Joachim , Ringer Thomas M. , Bonin Michael , Schuierer Gerhard , Marienhagen Joerg , Bogdahn Ulrich , Weber Bernhard H. F. , Topaloglu Haluk , Schols Ludger , Riess Olaf , Winkler Juergen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveHereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders resulting in progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. One form of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (ARHSP) with thin corpus callosum (TCC) was linked to chromosomal region 15q13‐21 (SPG11) and associated with mutations in the spatacsin gene. We assessed the long‐term course and the mutational spectrum of spatacsin‐associated ARHSP with TCC.MethodsNeurological examination, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET), nerve biopsy, linkage and mutation analysis are presented.ResultsSpastic paraplegia in patients with spatacsin mutations (n = 20) developed during the second decade of life. The Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) showed severely compromised walking between the second and third decades of life (mean SPRS score, >30). Impaired cognitive function was associated with severe atrophy of the frontoparietal cortex, TCC, and bilateral periventricular white matter lesions. Progressive cortical and thalamic hypometabolism in the 18fluorodeoxyglucose PET was observed. Sural nerve biopsy showed a loss of unmyelinated nerve fibers and accumulation of intraaxonal pleomorphic membranous material. Mutational analysis of spatacsin demonstrated six novel and one previously reported frameshift mutation and two novel nonsense mutations. Furthermore, we report the first two splice mutations to be associated with SPG11.InterpretationWe demonstrate that not only frameshift and nonsense mutations but also splice mutations result in SPG11. Mutations are distributed throughout the spatacsin gene and emerge as major cause for ARHSP with TCC associated with severe motor and cognitive impairment. The clinical phenotype and the ultrastructural analysis suggest a disturbed axonal transport of long projecting neurons. Ann Neurol 2007
Determination of twin‐screw extruder operational conditions for the preparation of thermoplastic vulcanizates on the basis of batch‐mixer results
Authors: Goharpey F. , Foudazi R. , Nazockdast H. , Katbab A. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to prepare a thermoplastic vulcanizate in a twin‐screw extruder by determining the screw configuration on the basis of batch‐mixer results. In this regard, two sets of information were used: (1) the time length, power consumption, and filling factor of different stages of the reactive blending process in the internal mixer and (2) the mean residence time and power consumption of the twin‐screw extruder. Morphological features of the samples taken from the melt‐mixing and dynamic vulcanization zones of the extruder with the selected screw configuration were found to be comparable with corresponding samples taken from an internal mixer reported in our previous study. The rheological and mechanical properties could provide valuable information to support the reliability of this study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Collection, use, and protection of population‐based birth defects surveillance data in the united states
Authors: Mai Cara T. , Law David J. , Mason Craig A. , McDowell Bradley D. , Meyer Robert E. , Musa Debra 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBirth defects surveillance systems collect population‐based birth defects data from multiple sources to track trends in prevalence, identify risk factors, refer affected families to services, and evaluate prevention efforts. Strong state and federal public health and legal mandates are in place to govern the collection and use of these data. Despite the prima facie appeal of “opt‐in” and similar strategies to those who view data collection as a threat to privacy, the use of these strategies in lieu of population‐based surveillance can severely limit the ability of public health agencies to accurately access the health status of a group within a defined geographical area. With the need for population‐based data central to their mission, birth defects programs around the country take their data stewardship role seriously, recognizing both moral and legal obligations to protect the data by employing numerous safeguards. Birth defects surveillance systems are shaped by the needs of the community they are designed to serve, with the goal of preventing birth defects or alleviating the burdens associated with them. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 79:811–814, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glasses for Seeing Beyond Visible
Authors: Zhang XiangHua , Bureau Bruno , Lucas Pierre , Boussard‐Pledel Catherine , Lucas Jacques 
Published: December 2007

AbstractConventional glasses based on oxides have a transparency limited by phonon absorption in the near IR region and have a limited interest for analyzing information located far beyond the visible. The IR spectral domain is nevertheless of prime interest, since it covers fundamental wavelength ranges used for thermal imaging as well as molecular vibrational signatures. Besides spectacular advances in the field of IR detectors, the main significant progresses are related to the development of IR glass optics, such as lenses or IR optical fibres. The field of IR glasses is almost totally dominated by glasses formed from heavy atoms such as the chalcogens S, Se and Te. Their transparency extends up to 12, 16 and 28 μm for sulfide‐, selenide‐ and the new generation of telluride‐based glasses, respectively. They cover the atmospheric transparency domains, 3–5 and 8–13 μm, respectively, at which the IR radiation can propagate allowing thermal imaging and night‐vision operations through thick layers of atmosphere. The development of new glass compositions will be discussed on the basis of structural consideration with the objective of moulding low‐cost lenses for IR cameras used, for instance, in car‐driving assistance. Additionally, multimode, single‐index, optical fibres operating in the 3 to 12 μm window developed for in situ remote evanescent‐wave IR spectroscopy will also be mentioned. The detection of molecular IR signatures is applied to environmental monitoring for investigating the pollution of underground water with toxic molecules. The extension of this technique to the investigation of biomolecules in three different studies devoted to liver tissues analysis, bio‐film formation, and cell metabolism will also be discussed. Finally we will mention the developments in the field of single‐mode fibres operating around 10 μm for the Darwin space mission, which is aiming at discovering, signs of biological life in telluric earth‐like exoplanets throughout the universe.
Specific Binding Effects for Cucurbit[8]uril in 2,4,6‐Triphenylpyrylium–Cucurbit[8]uril Host–Guest Complexes: Observation of Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and their Application in Electroluminescence
Authors: Montes‐Navajas Pedro , Teruel Laura , Corma Avelino , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: December 2007

Abstract2,4,6‐Triphenylpyrylium (TP+) forms host–guest complexes with cucurbiturils (CBs) in acidic aqueous solutions. 1H NMR spectroscopic data indicates that complexation takes place by encapsulation of the phenyl ring at the four position within CB. Formation of the complex with CB[6] and CB[7] leads to minor shifts in the fluorescence wavelength maximum (λfl) or quantum yield (Φfl). In sharp contrast, for complexes with CB[8], the emission results in the simultaneous observation of fluorescence (λfl=480 nm, Φfl=0.05) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (λph=590 nm, Φph=0.15). The occurrence of room‐temperature phosphorescence can be used to detect the presence of CB[8] visually in solution. Molecular modeling and MM2 molecular mechanics calculations suggest that this effect arises from locking the conformational mobility of the 2‐ and 6‐phenyl rings as a result of CB[8] encapsulation. The remarkably high room‐temperature phosphorescence quantum yield of the TP+@CB[8] complex has been advantageously applied to develop an electroluminescent cell that contains this host–guest complex. In contrast, analogous cells prepared with TP+ or TP+@CB[7] fail to exhibit electroluminescence.
Recycling of Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) in Electronic Waste
Authors: Herat Sunil 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe management of used electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) or e‐waste is a significant problem worldwide due to rapid uptake of the technology and early obsolescence of EEE. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) from used televisions and computer monitors represent a major e‐waste problem as they consist of glass with different compositions. The front panel is a lead‐free barium‐strontium glass whereas parts such as the funnel hidden inside are composed of glass with lead oxides. Regulations require the glass from waste CRTs to be recycled or re‐utilized. Closed‐loop recycling and open‐loop recycling are two principal ways of recycling CRT glass. The aim of this paper is to examine the technical characteristics and composition of the CRTs, its generation, environmental impacts and related regulatory requirements and to review the current technologies and their limitations for recycling CRT glass and its end use.
Heterogeneous expression of γ‐aminobutyric acid and γ‐aminobutyric acid‐associated receptors and transporters in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Belenky Michael A. , Yarom Yosef , Pickard Gary E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the primary mammalian circadian clock that regulates rhythmic physiology and behavior. The SCN is composed of a diverse set of neurons arranged in a tight intrinsic network. In the rat, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)‐ and gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP)‐containing neurons are the dominant cell phenotypes of the ventral SCN, and these cells receive photic information from the retina and the intergeniculate leaflet. Neurons expressing vasopressin (VP) are concentrated in the dorsal and medial aspects of the SCN. Although the VIP/GRP and VP cell groups are concentrated in different regions of the SCN, the separation of these cell groups is not absolute. The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is expressed in most SCN neurons irrespective of their location or peptidergic phenotype. In the present study, immunoperoxidase labeling, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry were used to examine the spatial distribution of several markers associated with SCN GABAergic neurons. Glutamate decarboxylase, a marker of GABA synthesis, and vesicular GABA transporter were more prominently observed in the ventral SCN. KCC2, a K+/Cl– cotransporter, was highly expressed in the ventral SCN in association with VIP‐ and GRP‐producing neurons, whereas VP neurons in the dorsal SCN were devoid of KCC2. On the other hand, GABAB receptors were observed predominantly in VPergic neurons dorsally, whereas, in the ventral SCN, GABAB receptors were associated almost exclusively with retinal afferent fibers and terminals. The differential expression of GABAergic markers within the SCN suggests that GABA may play dissimilar roles in different SCN neuronal phenotypes. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:708–732, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of bursting neurons in the CA1 region and the subiculum of the rat hippocampus
Authors: Jarsky Tim , Mady Rina , Kennedy Benjamin , Spruston Nelson 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe performed patch‐clamp recordings from morphologically identified and anatomically mapped pyramidal neurons of the ventral hippocampus to test the hypothesis that bursting neurons are distributed on a gradient from the CA2/CA1 border (proximal) through the subiculum (distal), with more bursting observed at distal locations. We find that the well‐defined morphological boundaries between the hippocampal subregions CA1 and subiculum do not correspond to abrupt changes in electrophysiological properties. Rather, we observed that the percentage of bursting neurons is linearly correlated with position in the proximal‐distal axis across the CA1 and the subiculum, the percentages of bursting neurons being 10% near the CA1–CA2 border, 24% at the CA1–subiculum border, and higher than 50% in the distal subiculum. The distribution of bursting neurons was paralleled by a gradient in afterdepolarization (ADP) amplitude. We also tested the hypothesis that there was an association between bursting and two previously described morphologically distinct groups of pyramidal neurons (twin and single apical dendrites) in the CA1 region. We found no difference in output mode between single and twin apical dendrite morphologies, which was consistent with the observation that the two morphologies were equally distributed across the transverse axis of the CA1 region. Taken together with the known organization of connections from CA3 to CA1 and CA1 to subiculum, our results indicate that bursting neurons are most likely to be connected to regular spiking neurons and vice versa. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:535–547, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of N‐acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE‐PLD) expression in mouse brain: A new perspective on N‐acylethanolamines as neural signaling molecules
Authors: Egertová Michaela , Simon Gabriel M. , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Elphick Maurice R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractN‐acylethanolamines (NAEs) are membrane‐derived lipids that are utilized as signaling molecules in the nervous system (e.g., the endocannabinoid anandamide). An N‐acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE‐PLD) that catalyzes formation of NAEs was recently identified as a member of the zinc metallohydrolase family of enzymes. NAPE‐PLD−/− mice have greatly reduced brain levels of long‐chain saturated NAEs but wild‐type levels of polyunsaturated NAEs (e.g., anandamide), suggesting an important role for NAPE‐PLD in the biosynthesis of at least a subset of endogenous NAEs in the mammalian nervous system. To provide a neuroanatomical basis for investigation of NAPE‐PLD function, here we have analyzed expression of NAPE‐PLD in the mouse brain using mRNA in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. NAPE‐PLD−/− mice were utilized to establish the specificity of probes/antibodies used. The most striking feature of NAPE‐PLD expression in the brain was in the dentate gyrus, where a strong mRNA signal was detected in granule cells. Accordingly, immunocytochemical analysis revealed intense NAPE‐PLD immunoreactivity in the axons of granule cells (mossy fibers). Intense NAPE‐PLD immunoreactivity was also detected in axons of the vomeronasal nerve that project to the accessory olfactory bulb. NAPE‐PLD expression was detected in other brain regions (e.g., hippocampus, cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus), but the intensity of immunostaining was weaker than in mossy fibers. Collectively, the data obtained indicate that NAPE‐PLD is expressed by specific populations of neurons in the brain and targeted to axonal processes. We suggest that NAEs generated by NAPE‐PLD in axons may act as anterograde synaptic signaling molecules that regulate the activity of postsynaptic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:604–615, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complementary circuits connecting the orbital and medial prefrontal networks with the temporal, insular, and opercular cortex in the macaque monkey
Authors: Saleem Kadharbatcha S. , Kondo Hideki , Price Joseph L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe origin and termination of axonal connections between the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC) and the temporal, insular, and opercular cortex have been analyzed with anterograde and retrograde axonal tracers, injected in the OMPFC or temporal cortex. The results show that there are two distinct, complementary, and reciprocal neural systems, related to the previously defined “orbital” and “medial” prefrontal networks. The orbital prefrontal network, which includes areas in the central and lateral part of the orbital cortex, is connected with vision‐related areas in the inferior temporal cortex (especially area TEav) and the fundus and ventral bank of the superior temporal sulcus (STSf/v), and with somatic sensory‐related areas in the frontal operculum (OPf) and dysgranular insular area (Id). No connections were found between the orbital network and auditory areas. The orbital network is also connected with taste and olfactory cortical areas and the perirhinal cortex and appears to be involved in assessment of sensory objects, especially food. The medial prefrontal network includes areas on the medial surface of the frontal lobe, medial orbital areas, and two caudolateral orbital areas. It is connected with the rostral superior temporal gyrus (STGr) and the dorsal bank of the superior temporal sulcus (STSd). This region is rostral to the auditory parabelt areas, and there are only relatively light connections between the auditory areas and the medial network. This system, which is also connected with the entorhinal, parahippocampal, and cingulate/retrosplenial cortex, may be involved in emotion and other self‐referential processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:659–693, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterogeneous expression of SNAP‐25 in rat and human brain
Authors: Garbelli Rita , Inverardi Francesca , Medici Valentina , Amadeo Alida , Verderio Claudia , Matteoli Michela , Frassoni Carolina 
Published: December 2007

AbstractConfocal laser scanning microscope image of double‐labeling immunohistochemistry for SNAP‐25 (green) and v‐GAT (magenta) in the rat somatosensory cortex. SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity was undetectable in inhibitory terminals identified by v‐GAT antibody both scattered in the neuropil and clustered around unlabeled neurons. Golgi‐like SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity was rarely seen in unlabeled large pyramidal neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:373–386, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deposition of Lanthanum Zirconium Oxide High‐k Films by Liquid Injection ALD and MOCVD
Authors: Gaskell J. M. , Jones A. C. , Chalker P. R. , Werner M. , Aspinall H. C. , Taylor S. , Taechakumput P. , Heys P. N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThin films of lanthanum zirconium oxide, LaxZr1–xO2–δ (x = 0.09 – 0.77) are deposited by liquid injection metal‐organic (MO)CVD and atomic layer deposition (ALD) using toluene solutions of the precursors [(iPrCp)3La] and [(MeCp)2ZrMe(OMe)]. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) shows that LaxZr1–xO2–δ films grown by ALD at 300 °C contain carbon at levels of 3.2 – 5.4 at.‐ %, whilst films grown by MOCVD at 400 °C contain carbon levels of 2.4 – 10.5 at.‐ %. Analysis by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows that films with lower La contents (x) of 0.09 and 0.22 crystallize into cubic lanthanum‐stabilized zirconia phase on annealing at 700 °C, whereas films of higher La content (x = 0.35, 0.63) remain amorphous. In general, the onset of crystallization of these films increases with the lanthanum fraction. For x = 0.35, crystallization to the cubic phase of ZrO2 is observed between 800 and 900 °C. LaxZr1–xO2–δ films grown by ALD show good dielectric properties with low hysteresis voltages, negligible flatband voltage shifts, and k values ranging from 11 to 14. LaxZr1–xO2–δ films grown by ALD have leakage current densities of 2.6 × 10–6 – 5.3 × 10–7 A cm–2, while films grown by MOCVD have leakage current densities of between 1.1 × 10–6 A cm–2 and 8.3 × 10–7 A cm–2.
Improved detection of branching points in algorithms for automated neuron tracing from 3D confocal images
Authors: Al‐Kofahi Yousef , Dowell‐Mesfin Natalie , Pace Christopher , Shain William , Turner James N. , Roysam Badrinath 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAutomated tracing of neuronal processes from 3D confocal microscopy images is essential for quantitative neuroanatomy and neuronal assays. Two basic approaches are described in the literature—one based on skeletonization and another based on sequential tracing along neuronal processes. This article presents algorithms for improving the rate of detection, and the accuracy of estimating the location and process angles at branching points for the latter class of algorithms. The problem of simultaneously detecting branch points and estimating their measurements is formulated as a generalized likelihood ratio test defined on a spatial neighborhood of each candidate point, in which likelihoods were computed using a ridge detection approach. The average detection rate increased from from 37 to 86%. The average error in locating the branch points decreased from 2.6 to 2.1 voxels in 3D images. The generalized hypothesis test improves the rate of detection of branching points, and the accuracy of location estimates, enabling a more complete extraction of neuroanatomy and more accurate counting of branch points in neuronal assays. More accurate branch point morphometry is valuable for image registration and change analysis. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology