bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empathy and attitudes toward protecting migrants from criminal violence
Authors: Bell‐Martin Rebecca , Díaz Domínguez Alejandro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMigrants in Latin America are increasingly vulnerable to organized crime violence while en route to their destination. Public opinion regarding how to address this problem varies. While many residents of countries along migration routes support policies protecting migrants from organized crime, others oppose them. What explains this variation? To investigate this situation, we draw on nationally representative survey data from one of Latin America's most important migrant corridors, Mexico, where sustained criminal violence makes migrants vulnerable to criminal predation en route. We integrate insight from theories about helping refugees amid political violence with studies about aiding migrants amid peace to develop and test hypotheses about an understudied research phenomenon, protecting migrants amid large‐scale criminal violence. We argue that attitudes toward protecting migrants are influenced by feelings of empathy. We test hypotheses related to two conduits of empathic perspective taking—crime victimization and imagining one could become a victim in the future. We find these channels of perspective taking are positively associated with support for migrant protective policies among crime victims and nonvictims alike. Our research reveals new information about attitudes toward immigration policy in criminally violent contexts and advances knowledge about the public endorsement of policies to preserve migrant rights and dignity.
A review of hair removal modalities in pediatric patients: Ethical and clinical considerations
Authors: Sanfilippo Eric , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnwanted hair is a common concern among patients presenting to pediatric dermatology clinics, and parents and patients alike inquire about the safety of methods employed for elective removal. Various methods of hair removal exist with different levels of invasiveness and permanence, from simple mechanical depilation to light‐based therapies. All methods of hair removal appear to be safe and generally well tolerated in children, and there are no age restrictions to any modality. In this review, we aim to address the available literature on the safety and efficacy of hair removal modalities in pediatric patients and propose guidance on how to manage requests for at‐home and in‐office therapies within an ethical framework.
Associations between the resting EEG aperiodic slope and broad domains of cognitive ability
Authors: Euler Matthew J. , Vehar Julia V. , Guevara Jasmin E. , Geiger Allie R. , Deboeck Pascal R. , Lohse Keith R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the EEG aperiodic exponent (often represented as a slope in log–log space) is sensitive to individual differences in momentary cognitive skills such as selective attention and information processing speed. However, findings are mixed, and most of the studies have focused on just a narrow range of cognitive domains. This study used an archival dataset to help clarify associations between resting aperiodic features and broad domains of cognitive ability, which vary in their demands on momentary processing. Undergraduates (N = 166) of age 18–52 years completed a resting EEG session as well as a standardized, individually administered assessment of cognitive ability that included measures of processing speed, working memory, and higher‐order visuospatial and verbal skills. A subsample (n = 110) also completed a computerized reaction time task with three difficulty levels. Data reduction analyses revealed strong correlations between the aperiodic offset and slope across electrodes, and a single component accounted for ~60% of variance in slopes across the scalp, in both eyes‐closed and eyes‐open conditions. Structural equation models did not support relations between the slope and specific domains tapping momentary processes. However, secondary analyses indicated that the eyes‐open slope was related to higher overall performance, as represented by a single general ability factor. A latent reaction time variable was significantly inversely related to both eyes‐closed and eyes‐open resting exponents, such that faster reaction times were associated with steeper slopes. These findings support and help clarify the relation of the resting EEG exponent to individual differences in cognitive skills.
Detection of Frank's sign in the dental setting: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Rivas‐Mundiña Berta , Fernández‐Ascariz Lucía , García‐Mato Eliane , Diniz‐Freitas Marcio , Gude‐Sampedro Francisco , Abeleira‐Pazos Maite 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn 1973, Saunders T. Frank described the diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) as a potential marker of cardiovascular disease. However, this anatomical finding is not routinely examined. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of this crease in the general population attending a dental setting and describe its anatomical variations to be able to categorize it as a physical sign.MethodologyA study group of 1050 white adults were selected, as participants in the framework of the “A Estrada Study of Glycation and Inflammation” (AEGIS), a cross‐sectional, population‐based descriptive study of a representative sample of the general adult population of the municipality of A Estrada (Pontevedra, Spain). Each participant's age, sex, and preferred head position when sleeping were recorded. Both earlobes were visually inspected and the anatomical variables of the crease were recorded (unilateral or bilateral, length, depth, and presence of secondary creases). The relationship between the study variables was analyzed using the chi‐squared test, Student's t‐test, the analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the nonparametric tests of Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis.ResultsThe DELC was observed in 65.2% of the participants. In 71.5% of the cases, the sign was complete (occupying the space from the tragus to the posterior edge of the earlobe); in 56.9% of the cases, the sign was bilateral; in 45.1% of the cases it was deep; and in the 43.6% of the cases, accessory creases were identified. Neither sex nor the habitual head position when sleeping were related to the prevalence or characteristics of the DELC. The prevalence, extent and depth of Frank's sign increased significantly with age (p < .001).ConclusionThe prevalence of the DELC increases significantly with age, and its morphological characteristics are accentuated. This finding, therefore, gains special relevance as a marker of potential cardiovascular disease when observed in young adults.
Overlapping cancer service areas: Delineation and implications
Authors: Wang Changzhen , Onega Tracy , Wang Fahui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrior research has defined cancer service areas (CSAs) anchored by major cancer centers in the U.S., such as members of the Association of American Cancer Institutes (AACI). Those CSAs have discrete boundaries and may not capture the increasingly interwoven cancer care markets. This is the first attempt to delineate possible overlapping CSAs. Specifically, we integrate the concept of shared memberships and other spatial attributes into the Speaker‐Listener Label Propagation (SLPA) algorithm, termed the spatially constrained SLPA (or ScSLPA), and apply it to six representative areas in the U.S. The results show that overlapping CSAs tend to form in areas that are more urbanized, with higher localization index (LI) values, larger populations, and shorter travel times than discrete CSAs. Two CSAs in Los Angeles and San Diego are consistent with the catchment areas (CAs) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)‐designated cancer centers, and other CSAs are much smaller than the CAs of their anchoring cancer centers. The study has important implications for public health policy to advance cancer control and prevention efforts.
Current progress towards prevention of Nipah and Hendra disease in humans: A scoping review of vaccine and monoclonal antibody candidates being evaluated in clinical trials
Authors: Rodrigue Valerie , Gravagna Katie , Yao Jacqueline , Nafade Vaidehi , Basta Nicole E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesNipah and Hendra are deadly zoonotic diseases with pandemic potential. To date, no human vaccine or monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been licensed to prevent disease caused by these pathogens. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and describe all Phase I, II, and III clinical trials of vaccine candidates or mAbs candidates designed to prevent Nipah and Hendra in humans and to compare the characteristics of the vaccine candidates to characteristics outlined in the Target Product Profile drafted by the World Health Organisation as part of the WHO Research & Development Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics.MethodsWe searched 23 clinical trial registries, the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and grey literature up to June 2023 to identify vaccine and mAb candidates being evaluated in registered clinical trials. Vaccine candidate and trial characteristics were double‐extracted for evaluation and the vaccine candidate characteristics were compared with the preferred and critical criteria of the World Health Organisation's Target Product Profile for Nipah virus vaccine.ResultsThree vaccine candidates (Hendra Virus Soluble Glycoprotein Vaccine [HeV‐sG‐V], PHV02, and mRNA‐1215) and one mAb (m102.4) had a registered human clinical trial by June 2023. All trials were phase 1, dose‐ranging trials taking place in the United States of America or Australia and enrolling healthy adults. Although all vaccine candidates meet the dose regimen and route of administration criteria of the Target Product Profile, other criteria such as measures of efficacy and reactogenicity will need to be evaluated in the future as evidence becomes available.ConclusionMultiple vaccine candidates and one mAb candidate have reached the stage of human clinical trials and are reviewed here. Monitoring progress during evaluation of these candidates and candidates entering clinical trials in the future can help highlight many of the challenges that remain.
Nasolacrimal sac foreign body extraction using vitreoretinal forceps in 28 dogs
Authors: Jimenez‐Ramos Laura , Ripolles‐Garcia Ana , Caro‐Suarez Miriam , Latre‐Moreno Almudena , Laguna Fernando , Villagrasa Manuel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo describe a novel technique of nasolacrimal foreign body extraction in dogs by using a 20G vitreoretinal forceps introduced through the superior lacrimal punctum.MethodsA retrospective review of the medical records of dogs with dacryocystitis due to nasolacrimal foreign bodies between the years 2001 and 2022 was performed. We recorded the breed, age, affected eye, type and number of foreign bodies, concomitant diseases, and the use of imaging techniques. All animals underwent the same procedure of a 20G vitreoretinal forceps insertion through the upper canaliculus reaching the lacrimal sac and retrograde extraction of the foreign bodies.ResultsA total of 28 dogs were included, 16 males and 12 females, with a mean (±SD) age of 4.7 (±3.2) years. The most common breeds were Wire‐Haired Dachshund (4/28; 14.29%) and Labrador Retriever (3/28; 10.71%). Additional imaging techniques were used, such as orbital ultrasound in 13 cases (13/28; 46.43%) and computed tomography in one case (1/28; 3.57%). The most common type of foreign body retrieved was grass awns, although seeds and plant debris were also found. Dacryocystitis resolved after removal of the foreign body and appropriate medical therapy was ensured in all cases in the 1‐month postprocedure follow‐up.ConclusionExtraction of nasolacrimal foreign bodies with vitreoretinal forceps is a novel, noninvasive, and easily applicable technique that, although not successful in all cases, can be attempted before performing more aggressive surgery.
Unintentional human‐vectored dispersal contributes to the spread of high risk weed species
Authors: Ansong Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNaturalisation risk and the vulnerability of many countries to future plant invasions is predicted to increase with human movement and climate change. Unfortunately, the geographical limitation on studies assessing unintentional human‐vectored dispersal (HVD) has hampered progress in understanding its importance, particularly its probability of introducing species that will become naturalised or invasive. The current paper used an explorative approach to determine if human clothing and vehicles disperse species with higher potential to become invasive globally. The study specifically relies on available database of unintentional human‐vectored seed dispersal and recent studies that considered the outcomes of plant species' interaction with humans around the world. The results indicate that human vehicles and clothing contribute to the spread of many extreme risk and most naturalised species of the world. For example, 55% of the 200 most naturalised species have been reported to be dispersed on vehicle while almost one ‐third (32%) have been reported to be dispersed on clothing. Also, of the 235 extreme risk species 41% have been reported to be dispersed on vehicles and 31% on clothing. The results indicate that graminoids, herbs and species with long‐term seed bank are more dispersed via HVD. Conservation managers and practitioners should consider the role of human‐vectored seed dispersal in the spread of invasive weeds, especially in popular and frequently visited areas. Individuals embracing responsible travel practices and adopting proactive measures and protocols to prevent the accidental transport of seeds can significantly enhance our conservation endeavours in our interconnected global ecosystem.
Self‐improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with a novel heterozygous missense variant in the COL7A1 gene in a Taiwanese family
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Chia , Tu Wei‐Ting , Su Chun‐Lin , Cheng Yu‐Wen , Chi Pei‐Ling , Hsu Chao‐Kai , Chen Yang‐Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSelf‐improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a genodermatosis that is inherited autosomal dominantly or recessively, and its clinical symptoms may improve or subside spontaneously. Herein, we report a case of self‐improving DEB with COL7A1 p.Gly2025Asp variant. The diagnosis was made through histopathological, electron microscopic examination, and genetic testing. The same variant is also noted on his father, who presents with dystrophic toenails without any blisters. This study highlights that idiopathic nail dystrophy could be linked to congenital or hereditary disease. Furthermore, we conducted a review of the literature on the characteristics of reported cases of self‐improving DEB with a personal or family history of nail dystrophy. The results supported our findings that nail dystrophy may be the sole manifestation in some family members. We suggest that individuals suffering from idiopathic nail dystrophy may seek genetic counselling when planning pregnancy to early evaluate the potential risk of hereditary diseases.
Large Eddy Simulation of Separated Flows on Unconventionally Coarse Grids
Authors: Bin Yuanwei , Park George I. , Lv Yu , Yang Xiang I. A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We examine and benchmark the emerging idea of applying the large eddy simulation (LES) formalism to unconventionally coarse grids where Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) would be considered more appropriate at first glance. We distinguish this idea from very large eddy simulation and detached eddy simulation, which require switching between RANS and LES formalism. LES on RANS grid is appealing because first, it requires minimal changes to a production code; second, it is more cost-effective than LES; third, it converges to LES; and most importantly, it accurately predicts flows with separation. This work quantifies the benefit of LES on RANS-like grids as compared to RANS on the same grids. Three canonical cases are considered: periodic hill, backward-facing step, and jet in cross flow. We conduct direct numerical simulation (DNS), proper LES on LES grids, LES on RANS-quality grids, and RANS. We show that while the LES solutions on the RANS-quality grids are not grid converged, they are twice as accurate as the RANS on the same grids.
Systemic Sirtuin 1 as a Potential Target to Mediate Interactions Between Body Fat and Testosterone Concentration in Master Athletes
Authors: Leite Patricio Lopes de Araújo , Maciel Larissa Alves , da Silva Aguiar Samuel , Sousa Caio Victor , Neves Rodrigo Vanerson Passos , de Sousa Neto Ivo Vieira , Campbell Simões Lucca , Rosa Thiago dos Santos , Simões Herbert Gustavo 
Published: February 2024

Evidence indicates that master athletes have higher concentration of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), lower body fat (BF), and greater activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in comparison to untrained peers. However, no published data have demonstrated possible mediation effect of Sirt1 in the interaction of BF and testosterone in this population. Therefore, this study compared and verified possible associations between Sirt1, BF, fat mass index (FMI), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone/luteinizing hormone (T/LH) ratio in middle-aged master athletes (n = 54; 51.22 ± 7.76 years) and control middle-aged peers (n = 21; 47.76 ± 8.47 years). Venous blood was collected for testosterone, LH, and Sirt1. BF was assessed through skinfold protocol. Although LH concentration did not differ between groups, master athletes presented higher concentration of Sirt1, testosterone, and T/LH ratio, and lower BF and FMI in relation to age-matched nonathletes. Moreover, Sirt1 correlated positively with testosterone and T/LH ratio, negatively with BF, and was not significantly correlated with LH (mediation analysis revealed the effect of BF on testosterone is mediated by Sirt1 and vice versa; R2 = .1776; p = .032). In conclusion, master athletes have higher testosterone, T/LH ratio, and Sirt1, and lower BF and FMI in relation to untrained peers. Furthermore, Sirt1 was negatively associated with BF and positively associated with testosterone and T/LH ratio. These findings suggest that increased circulating Sirt1, possibly due to the master athlete’s training regimens and lifestyle, exhibits a potential mediation effect on the interaction between endocrine function and body composition.
Rational attenuation of canine distemper virus (CDV) to develop a morbillivirus animal model that mimics measles in humans
Authors: Schmitz Katharina S. , Rennick Linda J. , Tilston-Lunel Natasha L. , Comvalius Anouskha D. , Laksono Brigitta M. , Geers Daryl , van Run Peter , de Vries Rory D. , de Swart Rik L. , Duprex W. Paul 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Morbilliviruses are members of the family Paramyxoviridae and are known for their ability to cause systemic disease in a variety of mammalian hosts. The prototypic morbillivirus, measles virus (MeV), infects humans and still causes morbidity and mortality in unvaccinated children and young adults. Experimental infection studies in non-human primates have contributed to the understanding of measles pathogenesis. However, ethical restrictions call for the development of new animal models. Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects a wide range of animals, including ferrets, and its pathogenesis shares many features with measles. However, wild-type CDV infection is almost always lethal, while MeV infection is usually self-limiting. Here, we made five recombinant CDVs, predicted to be attenuated, and compared their pathogenesis to the non-attenuated recombinant CDV in a ferret model. Three viruses were insufficiently attenuated based on clinical signs, fatality, and systemic infection, while one virus was too attenuated. The last candidate virus caused a self-limiting infection associated with transient viremia and viral dissemination to all lymphoid tissues, was shed transiently from the upper respiratory tract, and did not result in acute neurological signs. Additionally, an in-depth phenotyping of the infected white blood cells showed lower infection percentages in all lymphocyte subsets when compared to the non-attenuated CDV. In conclusion, infection models using this candidate virus mimic measles and can be used to study pathogenesis-related questions and to test interventions for morbilliviruses in a natural host species.

IMPORTANCE
Morbilliviruses are transmitted via the respiratory route but cause systemic disease. The viruses use two cellular receptors to infect myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial cells. Measles virus (MeV) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, requiring animal models to study pathogenesis or intervention strategies. Experimental MeV infections in non-human primates are restricted by ethical and practical constraints, and animal morbillivirus infections in natural host species have been considered as alternatives. Inoculation of ferrets with wild-type canine distemper virus (CDV) has been used for this purpose, but in most cases, the virus overwhelms the immune system and causes highly lethal disease. Introduction of an additional transcription unit and an additional attenuating point mutation in the polymerase yielded a candidate virus that caused self-limiting disease with transient viremia and virus shedding. This rationally attenuated CDV strain can be used for experimental morbillivirus infections in ferrets that reflect measles in humans.
Effect of gestational age on cerebral lesions in neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Binet Lauren , Debillon Thierry , Beck Jonathan , Vilotitch Antoine , Guellec Isabelle , Ego Anne , Chevallier Marie 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the risk on brain lesions according to gestational age (GA) in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy.DesignSecondary analysis of the prospective national French population-based cohort, Long-Term Outcome of NeonataL EncePhALopathy.SettingFrench neonatal intensive care units.PatientsNeonates with moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy (NE) born at ≥34 weeks’ GA (wGA) between September 2015 and March 2017.Main outcome measuresThe results of MRI performed within the first 12 days were classified in seven injured brain regions: basal ganglia and thalami, white matter (WM), cortex, posterior limb internal capsule, corpus callosum, brainstem and cerebellum. A given infant could have several brain structures affected. Risk of brain lesion according to GA was estimated by crude and adjusted ORs (aOR).ResultsMRI was available for 626 (78.8%) of the 794 included infants with NE. WM lesions predominated in preterm compared with term infants. Compared with 39–40 wGA neonates, those born at 34–35 wGA and 37–38 wGA had greater risk of WM lesions after adjusting for perinatal factors (aOR 4.0, 95% CI (1.5 to 10.7) and ORa 2.0, 95% CI (1.1 to 3.5), respectively).ConclusionWM is the main brain structure affected in late-preterm and early-term infants with NE, with fewer WM lesions as GA increases. This finding could help clinicians to estimate prognosis and improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of NE.Trial registration numberNCT02676063, ClinicalTrials.gov.