bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement‐based feedback may reduce spinal moments in male workers during lift and lowering tasks
Authors: Kernozek Thomas , Iwasaki Mark , Fater Dennis , Durall Chris , Langenhorst Brian 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. To assess if lifting performance can be modified and spine stresses reduced in workers who perform repetitive material‐handling jobs in a warehouse environment via a novel real‐time, movement‐based feedback training protocol. Method. A pre‐test/post‐test group study design was used with a control group. Data were collected in a warehouse setting and analysed in a university setting. A convenience sample of 22 male warehouse employees was divided equally, based on height and weight, and assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group received real‐time, performance‐based auditory feedback from their calculated moments during lifting or lowering using an electromagnetic tracking system. The electromagnetic tracking system was used to measure the side‐bending, flexion and rotation moments during six lifts under four different conditions. A series of repeated‐measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) (one between (Group); one within (Time)) was performed on the average maximum moments from six lifting or lowering cycles for all three directions: side‐bending, flexion and rotation. Results. There were significant group X time interactions for the side‐bending moment (p < 0.05) and the flexion moment (p < 0.05) but not the rotation moment (p > 0.05). Lower moments were found in the experimental group, which received the training and feedback, compared to the control group. Conclusions. Real‐time, auditory feedback combined with coaching during lifting or lowering tasks may be effective in the short term (six weeks) in reducing the average maximum side‐bending and flexion moments in warehouse workers. Further research is needed to determine the long‐term effects of this training protocol on low back injury rates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoscale changes of the order parameter and current flow in HTSC thin films of YBCO and TBCCO
Authors: Darhmaoui H. , Jung J. , Yan H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNanoscale variation of the order parameter in superconductors can be generated by the presence of static and dynamic nano‐structures or stripe‐like features in HTSC. These nanoscale inhomogeneities would then affect the current flow. Electrical transport measurements happen to be the technique of choice to probe such nanoscale changes of the order parameter in the bulk of a superconductor. Passing a supercurrent at the critical level through a sample ensures that the current flows through the entire volume of the sample, thus sensing its bulk properties. The electrical transport in YBCO and TBCCO thin films measured as a function of temperature and time supported the concept that the electrical properties of HTSC are governed by a mixture of two electronic phases: nanostructure and filamentary (stripe like) phases. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic properties of submicrometric antidot arrays in cobalt films
Authors: Chérif S.‐M. , Roussigné Y. , Moch P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractArrays of elliptical and square shaped submicrometric antidots were successfully prepared in a continuous cobalt layer using a technique combining electron beam lithography and ion beam etching. Their dynamic magnetic properties were investigated using Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectroscopy. The BLS results are interpreted with the help of a semi quantitative model taking account of the demagnetizing field arising from the antidots array. In addition, we present magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images showing magnetic domains connecting each square antidot to its neighbours: this indicates that the antidots behave as pinning sites for domain walls through the whole patterned array. The MFM observations are compared to the magnetic topography calculated using the public OOMMF code. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of tetravalent substitutions on the magnetic disaccommodation in magnetite
Authors: Hernández‐Gómez P. , Bendimya K. , De Francisco C. , Torres C. , Muñoz J. M. , Alejos O. , Iñiguez J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe relaxation of the initial magnetic permeability has been measured in polycrystalline tetravalent‐doped magnetite with nominal composition MexFe3‐xO4 (Me: Ti, Sn, Si) with 0 < x < 0.4. The samples have been sintered at 1400 ºC in a reducing CO2 atmosphere. The time decay of the initial permeability after sample demagnetization has been represented by means of isochronal curves in the temperature range between 80 K and 500 K.The isochronal disaccommodation spectra for Ti and Sn‐doped magnetite show the splitting of the well known process III of vacancy‐doped magnetite (at 300 K) into three peaks at 240 K (IV peak), 270 K (IV') and 300 K (III). This behaviour is ascribed to the presence of tetravalent cations in octahedral sites within the spinel lattice. Two peaks at 400 K (II) and 440 K (I) also emerge, owing to the existence of pairs Me4+‐Fe2+ cations as well as long range diffusion of ferrous cations. The differences found among these substitutions are explained in terms of the different cationic radii of tin and titanium. On the other hand only the III and IV processes are detected in Si‐doped magnetite samples, due to the preferential occupation by Si cations of tetrahedral sites according to their smaller size. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐ray studies of structure defects in nanostructured Al‐4wt%Cu alloy
Authors: Khitouni M. , Daly R. , Kolsi A. W. , Njah N. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe process of nanocrystalline structure formation during mechanical milling was studied in Al‐4wt%Cu alloy. X‐ray patterns were analyzed to determine the crystallite size, the lattice strain, probability of the stacking faults and the lattice parameters. As a result, nanocrystalline powders have been synthesized with microstructure showing a mixture of highly strained crystallites. High level of lattice strain is achieved as a result of mechanical milling. This fact can reflect a significant increase in the numbers of defects created. SEM results show that welding of very small particles to the surface of big particles was occurred and the powder particles tend to form a matrix of randomly welded thin layers of highly deformed particles. The microstructure, observed by TEM, was composed of nanometric grains and the statistical average grain size is about 29 nm. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and magnetic properties of the double‐perovskites Ba2(B,Re)2O6 (B = Fe, Mn, Co and Ni)
Authors: Rammeh N. , Ehrenberg H. , Fuess H. , Cheikkh‐Rouhou A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractStructural and magnetic properties of Ba2(B,Re)2O6 (B = Fe, Mn, Co and Ni) double‐perovskite oxides have been investigated. Rietveld analysis shows that all our synthesized samples are single phase and crystallize at room temperature in the cubic double‐perovskite structure with Fm3m space group. Magnetization measurements versus temperature and versus magnetic applied field up to 5 T show that Ba2(Fe,Re)2O6, Ba2(Mn,Re)2O6 and Ba2(Ni,Re)2O6 are ferromagnetic at low temperature with TC = 318 K, 113 K and 32 K respectively while Ba2(Co,Re)2O6 is antiferromagnetic below TN = 25 K. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magneto‐optic readout signals and Malus law
Authors: Attaran‐Kakhki Ebrahim 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn recent years Magneto‐optical techniques have been used extensively in memory systems, which allow high density recording and high speed access time. Usually In this method the light beam from a He‐Ne laser is linearly polarized by a polarizer and passes or reflected from a magneto–optic recording medium thin layer. The polarized light will modulate and the plane of polarization is rotated. The rotated polarized light passes through an analyzer and focus on a photo‐detector. The output of the photo‐detector is measure as a photocurrent signal according to Malus law. In all measurement the Cosin Malus law is the base and accepted. But in our present work we found that in practice it is necessary to modify the signal or modify the Malus law. In other word some constant should be added to the Malus law. In this measurement we averaged about 5000 reading for signals in each point and then we have plotted out the Malus law. The measured values are compared between the theoretical and practical measurement. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical and magnetic properties of RuGd1.6Ce0.4Sr2Cu2O10–δ
Authors: Sabri D. , Hadipour H. , Mirzadeh M. , Akhavan M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe have studied the electrical and magnetic properties of normal and superconducting states of RuGd1.6Ce0.4Sr2Cu2O10–δ (Ru‐1222) system, prepared by the standard solid‐state reaction technique, with applied magnetic field. The resistivity curves show that at high temperature the system is paramagnetic. At lower temperature, we can observe two magnetic transitions from paramagnetic state to anti‐ferromagnetic and from anti‐ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic. At room temperature the resistivity of sample shows insulating behavior and superconducting transition occurs at 45 K. Superconducting and magnetic parameters such as superconducting transition temperature Tc, magnetic transition Tirr, have been obtained through resistivity curve as a function of external magnetic field. We have observed that samples become superconductor at Tc which decrease from 49 K to 38 K with external magnetic field up to 1.6 T. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fishtail effect in twinned and detwinned YBCO single crystals
Authors: Boudissa M. , Halimi R. , Frikach K. , Senoussi S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe have studied the magnetization hysteresis loops of a twinned and detwinned single crystals in a temperature range between 4.2 and 100 K and a magnetic field (H) range between 0 and 6 T. We carried out relaxation measurements on the samples at different temperatures and magnetic fields. We investigated the twin pinning as a function of temperature (T) and the fishtail anomaly in the critical current density of the two samples. We tried in this study to confirm or infirm the different models which explain the fishtail effect by confronting them to our experimental results We found that the collective creep theory is consistent with the results of our experiment in the field region where the magnetization is at its minimum. This field marks a crossover between the small and large bundle pinning regimes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Granular‐percolative superconductivity in organic materials: comparison with HTSC ceramics
Authors: Senoussi S. , Pesty F. , Ramzi A. , Tirbiyine A. , Haouam A. , Taoufik A. , Pasquier C. R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe report investigations of the low temperature (2 K < T < 15 K) ac susceptibility and the magnetization of the fully deuterated organic superconductor κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br. Our measurements were performed after successive annealing at high temperature in the region 65 K < Ta < 110 K where the ethylene molecules undergo some kind of order disorder transition. The annealing time ta was varied from few seconds to about 2 × 106 s. The superconducting state can be described by a distribution of percolating clusters grown during annealing in the transition region. The spatial structure of such clusters and their relaxation times (in the transition region) obey essentially the same scaling laws and the same stretched exponential relaxation as in Ising spin glasses. The data are described by a granular model in which the grain radius r is equal to the average radius of the clusters. At the lowest fields and temperatures the clusters are coupled via Josephson junctions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlation between the critical current and the structural transformation near 80 K in the organic superconductor κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br
Authors: Tirbiyine A. , Senoussi S. , Pesty F. , Taoufik A. , Ramzi A. , Labrag A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe have systematically studied the critical current and the magnetic susceptibility as a function of the cooling rate through the order‐disorder transformation near 80 K for the κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Br organic superconductor. Our results show that the magnetic properties of these compounds depend strongly on the cooling rate Vc, and this disorder can influence very strongly the physics of the vortex lattice. The degree of ordering depends on the cooling rate through 80 K. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Angular anisotropy of the upper critical field in HoNi2B2C
Authors: Wimbush S. C. , Holzapfel B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe behaviour of the upper critical field H c2 of the multiphase magnetically ordering superconductor HoNi2B2C presents numerous features arising from the three distinct magnetically ordered phases of the material that form at temperatures below the superconducting critical temperature T c, i.e. within the superconducting phase. A detailed investigation of the H c2 of this material in the form of high‐quality biaxially textured thin films has been conducted, including the only full set of angle‐dependent measurements currently available. The results reveal a number of additional features that have hitherto been overlooked, in particular a far higher degree of anisotropy of the material throughout the entire temperature range below T c than is commonly reported. By correlating these features with the known phase diagrams of the material, an explanation of the observed behaviour can be postulated, and the apparent loss of anisotropy attributed to the transition of the material into a different magnetic phase. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gamma radiation effects on GdBa2Cu3O7 high temperature superconductor
Authors: Ziq Kh. A. , Hashem H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHysteresis loops measurements have been performed for various GdBa2Cu3O7 high temperature superconducting samples irradiated with various does of gamma radiation. Magnetic measurement at low temperatures (close to 4 K) revealed initial gradual increase in the pinning force and critical current density with gamma does. These measurements also revealed non‐monotonic changes in the pinning force close to the transition temperature. Very little reduction in the transition temperature has been observed with gamma dose. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrogen effects on vortex pinning in GdBa2Cu3O7 high temperature superconductor
Authors: Ziq Kh. A. , Qadi H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHysteresis loops measurements have been performed for various GdBa2Cu3O7 high temperature superconducting samples hydrogenated at 200‐500 K. Magnetic measurement at low temperatures (close to 4 K) revealed initial gradual increase in the pinning force and critical current density at low annealing temperatures. These measurements also revealed non‐monotonic changes in the pinning force close to the transition temperature. Very little reduction in the transition temperature has been observed in samples hydrogenated below 300 °C. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On modelling recursive calls and callbacks with two variants of Unified Modelling Language state diagrams
Authors: Tenzer Jennifer , Stevens Perdita 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

An important use of the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is modelling
synchronous
object-oriented software systems. State diagrams are used to model interesting object behaviour, including method invocation. However, almost all previous work formalising state diagrams has assumed
asynchronous
communication. We show that UML’s “run to completion” semantics leads to anomalous behaviour in the synchronous case, and in particular that it is not possible to model recursive calls, in which an object receives a second synchronous message whilst still in the process of reacting to the first. We propose a solution using state diagrams in two complementary ways.
Effect of Portocaval Shunt on Residual Extreme Small Liver after Extended Hepatectomy in Porcine
Authors: Wang HongSheng , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro , Enomoto Yoshitaka , Usuda Masahiro , Miyagi Shigehito , Masuoka Hiroo , Sekiguchi Satoshi , Kawagishi Naoki , Fujimori Keisei , Sato Akira , Satomi Susumu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundWhen residual liver volume is extremely small after extended hepatectomy, postoperative hepatic failure may ensue. The cause of the hepatic failure is likely associated with the portal hypertension after hepatectomy. We investigated the effects of portocaval shunt on portal hypertension in producing sinusoidal microcirculatory injury after extended hepatectomy in pigs.MethodsFourteen pigs were divided into two groups: a group without a shunt, in which extended hepatectomy was carried out (i.e., residual volume was 17% of the whole liver), and a group with a shunt, in which extended hepatectomy was carried out and a portocaval shunt was inserted. The portocaval shunt was placed by side‐to‐side anastomosis between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava.ResultsIn the group without a shunt, all pigs died of hepatic failure within postoperative day 3. In the group with a shunt, all pigs were alive for more than 4 days, and 4 pigs survived longer than 7 days. Portal vein pressure after hepatectomy was 15.9 ± 3.8 mmHg in the group without a shunt and 10.5 ± 0.6 mmHg in the group with a shunt (P < 0.01). The portal vein flow after 83% hepatectomy in the group without a shunt increased significantly more than at laparotomy and in the group with a shunt (P < 0.01). In the group without a shunt, remarkable destruction of the sinusoidal lining and edema of the portal triad and hydropic change of hepatocytes were observed 1 hour after hepatectomy, but these findings were not observed in the group with a shunt.ConclusionsThese results indicate that, after extended hepatectomy, overload of portal flow is one of the most significant risk factors of hepatic failure by sinusoidal microcirculatory injury.
Evaluation of the Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Subclinical Cushing Syndrome Before and After Surgery
Authors: Erbil Yeşim , Ademoğlu Evin , Özbey Neşe , Barbaros Umut , Yanık Burcu Tulumoğlu , Salmaslioğlu Artur , Bozbora Alp , Özarmağan Selçuk 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe widespread use of ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging has led to an increase in the number of incidental adrenal masses identified. Asymptomatic incidentally discovered adrenal masses may indicate that subclinical Cushing syndrome (SCS) is not uncommon. We aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of patients with SCS before and after surgery.MethodsAn autonomous cortisol‐producing tumor was detected in 11 of 94 patients with adrenal incidentaloma between 1995 and 2005. Twenty‐eight patients suffering from classical Cushing syndrome (CS) associated with unilateral adrenocortical adenoma, who were treated at our department in the same period, served as a control group. Cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, body mass index, and lipid profile were evaluated before and 1 year after surgery.ResultsThe frequency of hypertension (61% versus 63%), obesity (46% versus 55%), diabetes mellitus (50% versus 36%), hypercholesterolemia (39% versus 36%), and low HDL cholesterol (28% versus 36%) were not significantly different between CS and SCS patients, respectively. Adverse cardiovascular risk profile improved 1 year after adrenalectomy in both groups, although the changes were not significant with respect to body mass index, frequency of diabetes, and hyperlipidemia in SCS patients. But frequency of systolic/diastolic hypertension decreased significantly in this group.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the increased incidence of cardiovascular risk factors commonly observed in classical CS, is also present in SCS. Unilateral adrenalectomy does not always lead to significant improvements in cardiovascular risk profile in SCS.
Protective and compensatory factors mitigating the influence of deviant friends on delinquent behaviours during early adolescence
Authors: Fergusson David M. , Vitaro Frank , Wanner Brigitte , Brendgen Mara 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis study examined factors that could moderate or compensate the link between exposure to deviant friends and delinquent behaviours in a sample of 265 early adolescents. The putative moderating or compensatory factors referred to the behavioural domain (i.e. novelty seeking, harm avoidance), the biological domain (i.e. physical maturation), the sociofamily domain (i.e. sociofamily adversity, parental practices), the school domain (i.e. academic performance), and the social domain (i.e. peer acceptance). A series of regression analyses showed that novelty seeking and puberty status moderated the link between friends' self‐reported delinquency and participants' self‐reported delinquency. In addition, all the factors except peer acceptance also had main effects that, cumulatively, reduced the association between friends' delinquency and self‐rated delinquency through compensatory main effects. These results are discussed in light of the differential roles of moderating and of compensatory factors.
Alcohol abuse — A persistent preventable risk for congenital anomalies
Authors: Baumann P. , Schild C. , Hume R.F. , Sokol R.J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjective: To examine whether alcohol abuse (ALC) continued to be a health hazard to pregnant women in the 1990s.Study design: Analysis of a perinatal data base comprising 170,258 women with singleton pregnancies. Univariate cross table analysis and logistic regression were conducted to examine the association between alcohol abuse and congenital malformations coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).Results: 14,727/170,258 mothers (8.6%) admitted to ALC during pregnancy and 36,705/170,258 (21.6%) to smoking. Anomaly rates for ALC (365/14,092, 4.3%) vs. Non‐ALC (6187/149,344, 4.0%) differed significantly (p < 0.001). The rates of specific anomalies varied between < 0.1% and 1.1%. Odds ratios for 16 ICD 9 anomaly categories were > 1 in 14 instances overall (Sign test, p = 0.004), in 12 instances in women < 30 years (p = 0.08), and in 13 instances in women over 30 years (p = 0.02). Congenital anomalies of the “respiratory system” (ICD9 748), of “genital organs” (ICD9 752.1), of the “integument” (ICD9 757), and “other anomalies of limbs/other musculoskeletal anomalies” (ICD 755/756) were statistically significantly associated with ALC, especially in women > 30 years.Conclusion: ALC in pregnancy continued to be an important factor independently associated with an increased incidence of a broader range of congenital anomalies than previously recognized. Risk for anatomic anomalies was increased in offspring of ALC women over age 30, consistent with previous reports of increased risk of neurobehavioral abnormality in offspring of women over 30.