bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Predictive Equations Improve Monitoring of Kidney Function in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Beauvieux Marie-Christine , Le Moigne Françoise , Lasseur Catherine , Raffaitin Christelle , Perlemoine Caroline , Barthe Nicole , Chauveau Philippe , Combe Christian , Gin Henri , Rigalleau Vincent 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—The Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations poorly predict glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline in diabetic patients. We sought to discover whether new equations based on serum creatinine (the Mayo Clinic Quadratic [MCQ] or reexpressed MDRD equations) or four cystatin C–based equations (glomerular filtration rate estimated via cystatin formula [Cys-eGFR]) were less biased and better predicted GFR changes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In 124 diabetic patients with a large range of isotopic GFR (iGFR) (56.1 ± 35.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 [range 5–164]), we compared the performances of the equations before and after categorization in GFR tertiles. A total of 20 patients had a second determination 2 years later.
RESULTS—The Cockcroft-Gault equation was the least precise. The MDRD equation was the most precise but the most biased according to the Bland-Altman procedure. By contrast with the MDRD and, to a lesser extent, the MCQ, three of the four Cys-eGFRs were not biased. All equations overestimated the low GFRs, whereas only the MDRD and Rule's Cys-eGFR equations underestimated the high GFRs. For the subjects studied twice, iGFR changed by −8.5 ± 17.9 ml/min per 1.73 m2. GFR changes estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault (−4.5 ± 6.8) and MDRD (−5.7 ± 6.2) equations did not correlate with the isotopic changes, whereas new equation-predicted changes did: MCQ: −8.7 ± 9.4 (r = 0.44, P &lt; 0.05) and all four Cys-eGFRs: −6.2 ± 7.4 to −7.3 ± 8.4 (r = 0.60 to 0.62, all P &lt; 0.005), such as 100/cystatin-C (r = 0.61, P &lt; 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS—The new predictive equations better estimate GFR than the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Although the MDRD equation remains the most accurate, it poorly predicts GFR decline, as it overestimates low and underestimates high GFRs. This bias is lesser with the MCQ and Cys-eGFR equations, so they better predict GFR changes.
Normoalbuminuric Renal-Insufficient Diabetic Patients
Authors: Rigalleau Vincent , Lasseur Catherine , Raffaitin Christelle , Beauvieux Marie-Christine , Barthe Nicole , Chauveau Philippe , Combe Christian , Gin Henri 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—About 20% of diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) detected from the new American Diabetes Association recommendations (albumin excretion rate &gt;30 mg/24 h or estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] &lt;60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) may be normoalbuminuric. Do the characteristics and outcome differ for subjects with and without albuminuria?
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 89 patients with diabetes and a modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) estimated GFR (e-GFR) &lt;60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 underwent a 51Cr-EDTA B-isotopic GFR determination and were followed up for 38 ± 11 months.
RESULTS—The mean MDRD e-GFR (41.3 ± 13.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2) did not significantly differ from the i-GFR (45.6 ± 29.7). Of the subjects, 15 (17%) were normoalbuminuric. Their i-GFR did not differ from the albuminuric rate and from their MDRD e-GFR, although their serum creatinine was lower (122 ± 27 vs. 160 ± 71 μmol/l, P &lt; 0.05): 71% would not have been detected by measuring serum creatinine (sCr) alone. They were less affected by diabetic retinopathy, and their HDL cholesterol and hemoglobin were higher (P &lt; 0.05 vs. albuminuric). None of the CKD normoalbuminuric subjects started dialysis (microalbuminuric: 2/36, macroalbuminuric: 10/38) or died (microalbuminuric: 3/36, macroalbuminuric: 7/38) during the follow-up period (log-rank test: P &lt; 0.005 for death or dialysis), and their albumin excretion rate and sCr values were stable after 38 months, whereas the AER increased in the microalbuminuric patients (P &lt; 0.05), and the sCr increased in the macroalbuminuric patients (P &lt; 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS—Although their sCr is usually normal, most of the normoalbuminuric diabetic subjects with CKD according to an MDRD e-GFR below 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 do really have a GFR below 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. However, as expected, because of normoalbuminuria and other favorable characteristics, their risk for CKD progression or death is lower.
Thiazolidinediones and Heart Failure
Authors: Singh Sonal , Loke Yoon K. , Furberg Curt D. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are known to increase the risk of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the magnitude of the risk of heart failure with TZDs and classify this adverse effect under the novel dose-time-susceptibility system.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Evidence from randomized trials, controlled observational studies, anecdotal case reports, case series, and spontaneous reports in the Canadian Drug Reaction Monitoring Program (CADRMP) was analyzed in a teleo-analysis.
RESULTS—A random-effects meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.1 (95% CI 1.08–4.08; P = 0.03) for the risk of heart failure in patients randomized to TZDs compared with placebo. Four observational studies revealed an OR of 1.55 (1.33–1.80; P &lt; 0.00001) for heart failure with TZDs. A dose-time-susceptibility analysis of 28 published reports and 214 spontaneous reports from the CADRMP database showed that heart failure was more likely to occur after several months (with median treatment duration of 24 weeks after initiation of therapy). Heart failure equally occurred at high and low doses. The adverse reaction was not limited to the elderly, with 42 of 162 (26%) of the reported cases occurring in patients aged &lt;60 years.
CONCLUSIONS—Our teleo-analysis confirms the increased magnitude of the risk of heart failure with TZDs. We estimate the number needed to harm with TZDs to be ∼50 over 2.2 years. Existing guidelines and package inserts may have to be revised to incorporate these risk characteristics of TZDs.
A Longitudinal Study of Lipids and Blood Pressure in Relation to Method of Contraception in Latino Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Xiang Anny H. , Kawakubo Miwa , Buchanan Thomas A. , Kjos Siri L. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the effect of nonhormonal contraception (NHC), combination oral contraception (COC), and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on lipids and blood pressure in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—An observational cohort of 972 nondiabetic, normotensive, postpartum Latino women who elected NHC (n = 448), COC (n = 430), or DMPA (n = 94) were followed for at least one subsequent metabolic evaluation on the same contraception. Baseline and follow-up measures included glucose tolerance testing, fasting serum LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Patterns of changes in lipids and blood pressure were evaluated by comparing slopes over follow-up time using random coefficient linear mixed-effects models.
RESULTS—Median follow-up times were 20, 12, and 11 months in the NHC, COC, and DMPA groups. The DMPA users gained significantly more weight (4.3 ± 6.9 kg/year) compared with NHC and COC users (1.2 ± 4.7 and 0.7 ± 6.0 kg/year, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001). Patterns of change in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and DBP were not significantly different among groups. HDL cholesterol change differed only between COC and NHC groups (adjusted slopes: 1.0 vs. −1.6 mg · dl−1 · year−1, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001). SBP change differed only between COC and DMPA groups (adjusted slopes: 1.3 vs. −1.7 mmHg/year, respectively; P = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS—These results, derived predominantly from the initial 1–2 years of treatment in Hispanic women, demonstrate that DMPA was associated with greater weight gain than NHCs or COCs. Other differences in blood pressure and lipid effects were very small. These findings should be taken into account when advising women with recent GDM about their contraceptive choices.
Insulin Resistance
Authors: Lee SoJung , Gungor Neslihan , Bacha Fida , Arslanian Silva 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—We examined the relationship of in vivo insulin sensitivity to the components of the metabolic syndrome and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in youth.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects included 216 youths (8–19 years of age) who participated in a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.
RESULTS—Independent of race, the frequencies of central obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, high blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the lowest versus highest quartile of insulin sensitivity. BMI, abdominal adiposity, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides increased and adiponectin and HDL decreased significantly (P for trend for all &lt;0.05), with decreasing insulin sensitivity in both races. After controlling for BMI, insulin resistance remained associated (P &lt; 0.05) with visceral adipose tissue in both races (P for trend = 0.01 in blacks and 0.08 in whites). In whites but not blacks, lower insulin sensitivity was associated (P &lt; 0.05) with higher intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin levels; however, these relationships did not remain significant (P &gt; 0.05) once visceral adipose tissue was controlled for.
CONCLUSIONS—The prevalence of the individual components of metabolic syndrome increases with decreasing insulin sensitivity in black and white youth. In whites but not blacks, insulin resistance is associated with increased circulating endothelial biomarkers. It remains to be determined if lower abdominal adiposity and triglycerides in blacks underlies the racial differences in risk translation.
The Prevalence of Cutaneous Manifestations in Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Pavlović Miloš D. , Milenković Tatjana , Dinić Miroslav , Mišović Milan , Daković Dragana , Todorović Slađana , Đaković Zorana , Zečevi Radoš D. , Doder Radoje 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cutaneous disorders and their relation to disease duration, metabolic control, and microvascular complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The presence and frequency of skin manifestations were examined and compared in 212 unselected type 1 diabetic patients (aged 2–22 years, diabetes duration 1–15 years) and 196 healthy sex- and age-matched control subjects. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relation of cutaneous disorders with diabetes duration, glycemic control, and microvascular complications.
RESULTS—One hundred forty-two (68%) type 1 diabetic patients had at least one cutaneous disorder vs. 52 (26.5%) control subjects (P &lt; 0.01). Diabetes-associated skin lesions were found in 81 (38%) patients. Acquired ichthyosis, rubeosis faciei, diabetic hand, and necrobiosis lipoidica were seen in 22 vs. 3%, 7.1 vs. 0%, 2.3 vs. 0%, and 2.3 vs. 0% of type 1 diabetic and control subjects, respectively. The frequency of cutaneous reactions to insulin therapy was low (–2.7%). The prevalence of fungal infections in patients and control subjects was 4.7% and 1.5%, respectively. Keratosis pilaris affected 12% of our patients vs. 1.5% of control subjects. Diabetic hand was strongly (odds ratio 1.42 [95% CI 1.11–1.81]; P &lt; 0.001), and rubeosis faciei weakly (1.22 [1.04–1.43]; P = 0.0087), associated with diabetes duration. Significant association was also found between acquired ichthyosis and keratosis pilaris (1.53 [1.09–1.79]; P &lt; 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS—Cutaneous manifestations are common in type 1 diabetic patients, and some of them, like acquired ichthyosis and keratosis pilaris, develop early in the course of the disease. Diabetic hand and rubeosis faciei are related to disease duration.
Effect of 2 Years of Testosterone Replacement on Insulin Secretion, Insulin Action, Glucose Effectiveness, Hepatic Insulin Clearance, and Postprandial Glucose Turnover in Elderly Men
Authors: Basu Rita , Man Chiara Dalla , Campioni Marco , Basu Ananda , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Jensen Michael D. , Khosla Sundeep , Klee George , Toffolo Gianna , Cobelli Claudio , Rizza Robert A. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—We sought to determine whether, and if so the mechanism by which, testosterone replacement improves carbohydrate tolerance.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Fifty-five elderly men with relative testosterone deficiency ingested a labeled mixed meal and underwent a frequently sampled labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test before and after either placebo or treatment with testosterone patch (5 mg/day) for 2 years.
RESULTS—Despite restoring bioavailable testosterone to values observed in young men, the change (24 months minus baseline values) in fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations and meal appearance, glucose disposal, and endogenous glucose production were virtually identical to those observed after 2 years of placebo. The change over time in insulin and C-peptide concentrations post–intravenous glucose injection also did not differ. Furthermore, the change over time in insulin action and glucose effectiveness (measured with the unlabeled and labeled “oral” and “intravenous” minimal models), as well as insulin secretion and hepatic insulin clearance (measured with the C-peptide model), did not differ in the testosterone and placebo groups.
CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that 2 years of treatment with testosterone in elderly men does not improve carbohydrate tolerance or alter insulin secretion, insulin action, glucose effectiveness, hepatic insulin clearance, or the pattern of postprandial glucose metabolism. Thus, testosterone deficiency is unlikely the cause of the age-associated deterioration in glucose tolerance commonly observed in elderly men.
“Damm Sokkor”: Factors Associated With the Quality of Care of Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Alberti Hugh , Boudriga Nessiba , Nabli Mounira 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—To identify the organizational, physician, and patient factors associated with the quality of care of patients with diabetes in a low-/middle-income country.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from 2,160 randomly selected patients with diabetes were extracted from the manual medical records of a nationwide sample of 48 randomly selected health centers. Physician and organizational characteristics were collected from national reports, questionnaires, interviews, and observation at the centers. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were undertaken to identify associations with four quality-of-care scores, based on processes and intermediate outcomes of care and 53 potential explanatory factors.
RESULTS—The mean age of the study population was 62.4 years, mean duration of diabetes was 8.4 years, 62% were female, and 94% had type 2 diabetes. In the final multivariate models, factors independently and significantly associated with higher process-of-care scores were regional affluence, doctor motivation, and the use of chronic disease clinics (P &lt; 0.05). Health centers with younger patients and increased availability of medication were independently and significantly associated with improved outcome-of-care scores (P &lt; 0.05). The final models of the four quality-of-care scores explained 55–71% of the variations in scores.
CONCLUSIONS—Use of chronic disease clinics, availability of medication, and possibly doctor motivation appear to be the most strongly related modifiable factors influencing diabetes care. These findings will be used to develop and implement culturally appropriate quality improvement interventions to improve the quality of diabetes care. We recommend our findings be taken into account in other low-/middle-income countries.
Scottish Foot Ulcer Risk Score Predicts Foot Ulcer Healing in a Regional Specialist Foot Clinic
Authors: Leese Graham , Schofield Christopher , McMurray Brian , Libby Gillian , Golden Judith , MacAlpine Ritchie , Cunningham Scott , Morris Andrew , Flett Murray , Griffiths Gareth 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether patients developing ulcers had previously been identified as being at high risk of ulceration using the Scottish Care Information–Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-DC) ulcer risk score and whether the risk score predicts ulcer healing.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—All patients attending the diabetes foot clinic with an ulcer had been assessed for foot ulcer risk using the SCI-DC risk calculator, which categorizes patients into low, moderate, or high risk of ulceration. Information on foot pulses, neuropathy, foot deformity, previous ulcer, ulcer site, depth, and presence of sepsis was recorded and related to ulcer outcome. Patients were followed up until outcome was achieved (median 3 months [range 1–33]).RESULTS—Of patients attending the clinic with a foot ulcer (mean [±SD] age 67.3 ± 12.7 years, 68% male), 68% were previously recognized to be at high risk of foot ulceration, and 98% were high or moderate risk. Of 221 ulcers, the healing rate was 75% overall but was lower for high-risk patients compared with other patients (68 vs. 93%; P &lt; 0.0001). Of the remainder, 3% became chronic ulcers, 12% required minor or major amputation, and 10% died with their ulcer. In multivariate analysis, absent pulses, neuropathy, increased age, and deep ulcers were associated with poor healing. The combination of neuropathy and ischemia was particularly associated with poor outcome of an ulcer (61% healing).CONCLUSIONS—The Scottish foot ulcer risk score predicts both ulcer development and ulcer healing. The risk score can be a useful initial guide to determine the likelihood of poor healing. The individual criteria contributing to this overall risk are similar to other studies.
Selective solid-phase extraction of Cu(II) using freshly precipitated lead diethyldithiocarbamate and its spectrophotometric determination
Authors: Cesur H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new solid-phase extraction method has been developed for the selective extraction of Cu(II) in an aqueous system using freshly precipitated lead diethyldithiocarbamate (Pb(DDTC)2) as a reagent. The method is based on the quantitative replacement of Pb(II) ions in the solid Pb(DDTC)2 phase by Cu(II) ions present in aqueous phase. The obtained solid Cu(DDTC)2 phase was dissolved in chloroform and determined spectrophotometrically at 435 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 0.2–5 mg dm−3. The molar absorptivity and the Sandell’s sensitivity coefficients of the solutions were 1.0689 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0060 µg cm−2, respectively. The optimum conditions for each parameter were experimentally determined and possible interferences of various salts were also studied. The method has been validated and applied to determine Cu(II) in various alloys and water samples.
Thermal decomposition kinetics of strontium oxalate
Authors: Al-Newaiser F. , Al-Thabaiti S. , Al-Youbi A. , Obaid A. , Gabal M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe thermal decomposition behavior in air of SrC2O4 · 1.25H2O was studied up to the formation of SrO using DTA-TG-DTG techniques. The decomposition proceeds through four well-defined steps. The first two steps are attributed to the dehydration of the salt, while the third and fourth ones are assigned to the decomposition of the anhydrous strontium oxalate into SrCO3 and the decomposition of SrCO3 to SrO, respectively. The exothermic DTA peak found at around 300°C is ascribed to the recrystallization of the anhydrous strontium oxalate. On the other hand, the endothermic DTA peak observed at 910°C can be attributed to the transition of orthorhombic-hexagonal phase of SrCO3. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of anhydrous strontium oxalate and strontium carbonate, which are formed as stable intermediates, have been studied using non-isothermal TG technique. Analysis of kinetic data was carried out assuming various solid-state reaction models and applying three different computational methods. The data analysis according to the composite method showed that the anhydrous oxalate decomposition is best described by the two-dimensional diffusion-controlled mechanism (D2), while the decomposition of strontium carbonate is best fitted by means of the three-dimensional phase boundary-controlled mechanism (R3). The values of activation parameters obtained using different methods were compared and discussed.
Bimolecular reduction of 9-alkyl-3-nitrocarbazoles
Authors: Kyzioł J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractReduction of 9-alkyl-3-nitrocarbazoles (Ia–Ie) with lithium aluminium hydride gave corresponding 9,9′-dialkyl-3,3′-azocarbazoles (IIa–IIe) in moderate yield. By the action of zinc dust in alcohol and aqueous alkali on I or II, 5,13-dialkyldiindolo[3,2-a,d]phenazines (IIIa–IIId) were obtained. Parent compounds, viz. 3,3′-azocarbazole (IIf) and diindolo[3,2-a,d]phenazine (IIIf) could not be obtained in these ways. Compound IIf was obtained in Vorländer reaction and IIIf by thermal decomposition of 3-azidocarbazole. Formation of IIIa–IIId is explained as a result of ortho-benzidine rearrangement of hypothetical 9,9′-dialkyl-3,3′-hydrazocarbazoles.
A one-pot synthesis of 8-amino-1-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one
Authors: Jilani J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract8-Amino-1-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one was synthesized in a one-pot reaction of 2′,6′-dimethoxy-4-nitro-1,1′-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester using hydroiodic acid as a reagent to effect O-demethylation, lactonization, and nitro reduction to amine. This new reaction represents an improved alternative to the previously reported three-step reactions for this transformation.
Gene Delivery Using Helper Virus–Free HSV‐1 Amplicon Vectors
Authors: Fraefel Cornel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1)‐based amplicon vectors contain only a very small percentage of the 152‐kbp viral genome. Consequently, replication and packaging of amplicons depend on helper functions that are provided either by replication‐defective mutants of HSV‐1 or by replication‐competent, but packaging‐defective, HSV‐1 genomes. Sets of cosmids that overlap and represent the entire HSV‐1 genome can form, via homologous recombination, circular replication‐competent viral genomes, which give rise to infectious virus progeny. However, if the DNA cleavage/packaging signals are deleted, reconstituted virus genomes are not packageable, but still provide all the helper functions required for the packaging of cotransfected amplicon DNA. The resulting stocks of packaged amplicon vectors are essentially free of contaminating helper virus. This unit describes the cotransfection of amplicon and cosmid or bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) DNA into 2‐2 cells by cationic liposome‐mediated transfection using and the harvesting of packaged vector particles. Support protocols provide methods for preparing cosmid DNA and determining the titers of amplicon stocks. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 40:4.14.1‐4.14.21. © by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Gene Targeting by Homologous Recombination
Authors: Mortensen Richard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe analysis of mutant organisms and cell lines is important in determining the function of specific proteins. Recent technological advances in gene targeting by homologous recombination in mammalian systems enable the production of mutants in any desired gene, and can be used to produce mutant mouse strains and mutant cell lines. The yeast Flp/FRT recombinase system and bacteriophage recombinases such as Cre and its recognition sequence, loxP, allow spatial and temporal control of knockouts. This unit discusses crucial issues for homologous recombination experiments, including requirements for the source of DNA, criteria for the targeting constructs, methods of enrichment for homologous recombinants, (positive and negative selection, and the use of endogenous promoters), and the types of mutations that can be created. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 40:4.29.1‐4.29.13. © by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.