bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Three Times Titanium Plate Gradual Fixation Method in the Treatment of Extracapsular Condylar Fractures
Authors: Wu Shiyan , Zhang Wenbin , Shi Jun 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
An improved method of treating inwardly dislocated mandibular extracapsular condylar fracture—three times titanium plate gradual fixation method was introduced, and the clinical efficacy of this method was evaluated.

Methods:
Twenty patients with extracapsular condylar fractures who underwent surgical treatment using the three times titanium plate gradual restoration and fixation method in the Department of Oral Craniomaxillofacial Surgery of the Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai from November 2020 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects.

Results:
After condylar restoration 22 sides reached healing and 1 side was basically healed; in 3 months after the operation, the degree of opening the mouth and the type of the opening of the mouth reached normal, and 1 case had mildly poor occlusion, which required to be further adjusted through orthodontics, and there was no temporomandibular function disorder or facial nerve function damage.

Conclusion:
Three times of gradual fixation with a titanium plate can make the condylar process achieve precise and stable repositioning, and make the surgical process orderly, and it is a kind of reliable fixation method for extracapsular condylar fractures.
A Comparison of U.S. Individual and Family Plan Medication Coverage for Overactive Bladder
Authors: Gaddam Neha G. , Wallace Megan B. , Dieter Alexis A. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceThere is strong evidence for long-term cognitive effects with anticholinergic use. Differences in insurance coverage of anticholinergics and beta-3 agonists hinder individualization of overactive bladder (OAB) treatment.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to assess individual and family health insurance plan coverage for select OAB medications and to compare coverage of preferred medications to those with a greater risk of cognitive dysfunction.Study DesignThis cross-sectional study analyzed formularies for the top 7 U.S. medical insurers. Coverage tiers were assessed for the following 7 OAB medications: (1) oxybutynin instant-release 5 mg, (2) oxybutynin extended-release 5 mg, (3) solifenacin 5 mg, (4) trospium instant-release 20 mg, (5) trospium extended-release 60 mg, (6) mirabegron 25 mg, and (7) vibegron 75 mg. Coverage was compared between nonpreferred (oxybutynin, solifenacin) and preferred medications (trospium, mirabegron, vibegron). Coverage scores, representing a weighted average based on coverage tier frequency relative to the number of plans investigated for each state or insurer, were generated with a lower coverage score indicating better coverage (range, 0.2–1.0).ResultsA total of 2,780 insurance plans from 41 states representing a 47% market share for the individual and family marketplace were evaluated. Oxybutynin IR had the best coverage score across insurers (0.2) while vibegron had the worst (0.92). Preferred medications were more often designated to higher tiers with worse coverage compared with nonpreferred medications (P< 0.001). Less concordance in coverage between insurers was noted for anticholinergics with greater bladder specificity and for extended-release formulations.ConclusionsDespite risks with anticholinergics, beta-3 agonists were more expensive across all insurers highlighting the need for expanded coverage of preferred medications to avoid cognitive dysfunction when undergoing treatment for OAB.
Does a Preoperative Bowel Regimen Change Time to Bowel Movement? A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Holubyeva Anastasiya , Goodwin Alexandra I. , O’Shaughnessy Danielle , Pillalamarri Nirmala , Demertzis Kristen , Rahbani Ana Centeno , Stefanov Dimitre G. , Finamore Peter S. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceThis study is important because it aimed to assess an intervention to decrease patient discomfort after a robotic sacral colpopexy.ObjectiveOur primary outcome was to determine whether preoperative use of polyethylene glycol decreases time to first bowel movement postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include degree of pain with first bowel movement and stool consistency.Study DesignThis was a randomized controlled trial. The experimental group was assigned polyethylene glycol daily for 7 days before surgery and the control group was not. All patients received polyethylene glycol postoperatively.ResultsThere was no statistically significant reduction in the time to first postoperative bowel movement when preoperative polyethylene glycol was used (mean [SD] in days for the control and experimental groups of 2.32 [0.99] and 1.96 [1.00],P= 0.21). There was a statistically significant reduction in pain levels with the first postoperative bowel movement in the experimental group (median [IQR] of 4 [2–5] vs 1 [0–2],P= 0.0007). Postoperative day 1 pain levels were also significantly lower in the experimental group (median [IQR] of 4 [3–6] vs 2 [0–4],P= 0.0484). In addition, patients had decreased average postoperative pain levels over 7 days with an estimated difference in the median pain levels of 1.88 units (95% confidence interval, 0.64–3.12;P= 0.0038).ConclusionsPreoperative administration of polyethylene glycol did not decrease time to first postoperative bowel movement. Patients in the experimental group exhibited less pain with their first postoperative bowel movement and had improved pain levels on postoperative day 1.
Obesity is associated with improved early survival but increased late mortality in surgical patients with Sepsis: A propensity matched analysis
Authors: Jalilvand Anahita , Ireland Megan , Collins Courtney , Kellett Whitney , Strassel Scott , Tamer Robert , Wahl Wendy , Wisler Jon 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
While obesity is a risk factor for postoperative complications, its impact following sepsis is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and mortality following admission to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) with sepsis.

METHODS
We conducted a single center retrospective review of SICU patients grouped into obese (n = 766, body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) and nonobese (n = 574; body mass index, 18–29.9 kg/m2) cohorts. Applying 1:1 propensity matching for age, sex, comorbidities, sequential organ failure assessment, and transfer status, demographic data, comorbidities, and sepsis presentation were compared between groups. Primary outcomes included in-hospital and 90-day mortality, ICU length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation (IMV) and renal replacement therapy (RRT). p < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS
Obesity associates with higher median ICU length of stay (8.2 vs. 5.6, p < 0.001), need for IMV (76% vs. 67%, p = 0.001), ventilator days (5 vs. 4, p < 0.004), and RRT (23% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). In-hospital (29% vs. 18%, p < 0.0001) and 90-day mortality (34% vs. 24%, p = 0.0006) was higher for obese compared with nonobese groups. Obesity independently predicted need for IMV (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.1), RRT (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5–3.1), in-hospital (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.5–2.8), and 90-day mortality (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8), after adjusting for sequential organ failure assessment, age, sex, and comorbidities. Comparative survival analyses demonstrate a paradoxical early survival benefit for obese patients followed by a rapid decline after 7 days (logrank p = 0.0009).

CONCLUSION
Obesity is an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality for surgical patients with sepsis, but its impact appeared later in hospitalization. Understanding differences in systemic responses between these cohorts may be important for optimizing critical care management.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Genetic predisposition to autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
Authors: Muñiz-Castrillo Sergio , Honnorat Jérôme 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
We summarize the recent discoveries on genetic predisposition to autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), emphasizing clinical and pathophysiological implications.

Recent findings
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most studied genetic factor in autoimmune encephalitis and PNS. The HLA haplotype 8.1, which is widely known to be related to systemic autoimmunity, has been only weakly associated with a few types of autoimmune encephalitis and PNS. However, the strongest and most specific associations have been reported in a subgroup of autoimmune encephalitis that comprises antileucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) limbic encephalitis, associated with DRB1∗07 : 01, anticontactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) limbic encephalitis, associated with DRB1∗11 : 01, and anti-IgLON5 disease, associated with DRB1∗10 : 01∼DQA1∗01∼DQB1∗05. Non-HLA genes have been poorly investigated so far in autoimmune encephalitis, mainly in those lacking HLA associations such as anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, with only a few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reporting equivocal results principally limited by small sample size.

Summary
Genetic predisposition seems to be driven mostly by HLA in a group of autoimmune encephalitis characterized by being nonparaneoplastic and having predominantly IgG4 autoantibodies. The contribution of non-HLA genes, especially in those diseases lacking known or strong HLA associations, will require large cohorts enabling GWAS to be powerful enough to render meaningful results.
Palliative care communication with stroke patients: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Schaefer Ashley Brook , Garbo Candon , Palokas Michelle 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Stroke patients frequently experience debilitating deficits, and some receive a. terminal diagnosis. Palliative care services are introduced to prioritize care, with the goal of improving quality of life. However, palliative care communication (PCC) is often delayed or used inefficiently with stroke patients.

Objectives:
This project aimed to promote PCC evidence-based practices (EBPs) with stroke patients.

Methods:
This project used the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework to improve compliance with PCC EBPs with stroke patients in a medical center in Mississippi, USA. Four EBPs were identified from a JBI evidence summary and used as audit criteria. A baseline audit was conducted to measure compliance of current practice with best practice. Barriers to EBPs were identified, improvement strategies were implemented, and a follow-up audit was conducted to determine compliance changes.

Results:
The baseline audit revealed 53% to 80% compliance with the four EBPs. Barriers to EBPs included lack of health care professionals’ knowledge regarding EBPs; lack of PCC, miscommunication, or delayed PCC with patients regarding hospitalization timeline and quality of life; and no standardized documentation or location for PCC within the electronic health record. Improvement strategies included a PCC education program for health care professionals and a concise statement and validation checkbox to the “progress note” in the electronic health record to promote daily PCC with patients. The follow-up audit revealed 20% to 34% compliance rate improvement with EBPs.

Conclusions:
Annual PCC training should be conducted for health care professionals. Implementing PCC through a multidisciplinary approach can promote more meaningful discussion and efficient decision-making, prioritizing patients’ quality of life.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A174
Direct inhibitors of InhA with efficacy similar or superior to isoniazid in novel drug regimens for tuberculosis
Authors: Encinas Lourdes , Li Si-Yang , Rullas-Trincado Joaquin , Tasneen Rokeya , Tyagi Sandeep , Soni Heena , Garcia-Perez Adolfo , Lee Jin , Rubén González del Rio , Mercado Jaime De , Sousa Verónica , Sosič Izidor , Gobec Stanislav , Mendoza-Losana Alfonso , Converse Paul J. , Mdluli Khisi , Fotouhi Nader , Barros-Aguirre David , Nuermberger Eric L. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTIsoniazid is an important first-line medicine to treat tuberculosis (TB). Isoniazid resistance increases the risk of poor treatment outcomes and development of multidrug resistance, and is driven primarily by mutations involvingkatG, encoding the pro-drug activating enzyme, rather than its validated target, InhA. The chemical tractability of InhA has fostered efforts to discover direct inhibitors of InhA (DIIs). During the past five years, successful target engagement andin vivoefficacy have been demonstrated by diverse DIIs. In this study, we bridge the gap in understanding the potential contribution of DIIs to novel combination regimens and demonstrate a clear distinction of DIIs, like GSK693 and the newly described GSK138, from isoniazid, based on activity against clinical isolates and contribution to novel drug regimens. The results presented increase the understanding of DII mechanism of action and provide further impetus to continue exploiting InhA as a promising target for TB drug development.
Genome-wide association studies in a diverse strawberry collection unveil loci controlling agronomic and fruit quality traits
Authors: Muñoz Pilar , Roldán-Guerra F. Javier , Verma Sujeet , Ruiz-Velázquez Mario , Torreblanca Rocío , Oiza Nicolás , Castillejo Cristina , Sánchez-Sevilla José F. , Amaya Iraida 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStrawberries are cherished for their organoleptic properties and nutritional value. However, breeding new cultivars involves the simultaneous selection of many agronomical and fruit quality traits. The strawberry germplasm collection here studied exhibited extensive phenotypic variation in 26 agronomic and fruit quality traits across three consecutive seasons. Phenotypic correlations and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed relationships among traits and accessions, emphasizing the impact of plant breeding. Genetic diversity analysis on 124 accessions using 44,408 markers denoted a population structure divided into six subpopulations that still retain considerable diversity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for the 26 traits unveiled 121 significant marker-trait associations distributed across 95 quantitative traitloci(QTL). Multiple associations were detected for fruit firmness, a key breeding target, including a prominentlocuson chromosome 6A. The candidate geneFaPG1,controlling fruit softening, was identified within this QTL region. Differential expression ofFaPG1confirmed its role as the main contributor to natural variation in fruit firmness. A Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) assay based on SNP AX-184242253, associated with the 6A QTL, predicts a substantial increase in fruit firmness, validating its utility for Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS). In essence, this comprehensive study provides insights into the phenotypic and genetic landscape of the strawberry collection and lays a robust foundation for propelling the development of superior strawberry cultivars through precision breeding.HighlightSeveral QTL controlling agronomic and fruit quality traits detected by genome wide association studies. Natural variation onFaPG1expression is associated with a mayor and stable QTL for fruit firmness.
Seasonal structural stability promoted by forest diversity and composition explains overyielding
Authors: Guzmán Q J. Antonio , Park Maria H. , Williams Laura J. , Cavender-Bares Jeannine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe stability of forest productivity over time is a widely studied parameter often associated with benefits of forest diversity. Yet, the structural stability (SS) through the season of forest communities and its relationship to diversity, composition, and productivity remains poorly understood. Using a large-scale (10 ha) young tree diversity experiment, we evaluated how forest structure and multiple dimensions of diversity and composition affect remotely-sensed structural metrics and their stability through the growing season. We then studied the impact ofSSacross the season (April-October) on the net biodiversity effects of annual wood productivity (i.e., overyielding) of forest mixtures. We surveyed experimental tree communities eight times at regular intervals from before bud-break to after leaf senescence, using an UAV-LiDAR to derive metrics associated with canopy height heterogeneity, gap probability, and forest structural complexity (i.e., fractal geometry). The inverse coefficient of variation of these metrics through the season was used as descriptorsSS. These metrics along with theirSSwere then coupled with annual tree inventories to evaluate their relationships. Our findings indicate that plot wood volume and, to some extent, multiple dimensions of diversity and composition (i.e., taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional) influence remotely-sensed metrics of forest structure and stability over time. We found that increases in plot wood volume as well as functional and phylogenetic diversity and variability (a measure of diversity independent of species richness), are linked to higher structural stability of forest complexity over time. We further found that higher stability of forest structural complexity and tree cover (i.e., 1 - gap probability) increases net biodiversity effects in forest mixtures through species complementarity. Structural equation models indicate that structural stability explains more the variation among plots in net biodiversity effects than multiple dimensions of diversity or variability, highlighting it as a measure that integrates several contributors to net biodiversity effects. Our results provide evidence that diversity and composition promote temporal stability of remotely-sensed forest structure and, in turn, enhanced productivity. The study highlights the potential to integrate remote sensing and ecology to disentangle the role of forest structural stability into ecological processes.
Expanding and enriching the LncRNA gene-disease landscape using the GeneCaRNA database
Authors: Aggarwal Shalini , Rosenblum Chana , Gould Marshall , Ziman Shahar , Barshir Ruth , Zelig Ofer , Guan-Golan Yaron , Iny-Stein Tsippi , Safran Marilyn , Pietrokovski Shmuel , Lancet Doron 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe GeneCaRNA human gene database is a member of the GeneCards Suite. It presents ∼280,000 human non-coding RNA genes, identified algorithmically from ∼690,000 RNAcentral’s transcripts. This expands by ∼tenfold the ncRNA gene count relative to other sources. GeneCaRNA thus contains ∼120,000 long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs, >200 bases long), including ∼100,000 novel genes. The latter have sparse functional information, a vast terra incognita for future research. LncRNA genes are uniformly represented on all nuclear chromosomes, with 10 genes on mitochondrial DNA. Data obtained from MalaCards, another GeneCards Suite member, finds 1,547 genes associated with 1 to 50 diseases. ∼15% of the associations portray experimental evidence, with cancers tending to be multigenic. Preliminary text mining within GeneCaRNA discovers interactions of LncRNA transcripts with target gene products, with 25% being ncRNAs and 75% proteins. GeneCaRNA has a biological pathways section, which at present shows 131 pathways for 38 LncRNA genes, a basis for future expansion. Finally, our GeneHancer database provides regulatory elements for ∼110,000 LncRNA genes, offering pointers for co-regulated genes and genetic linkages from enhancers to diseases. We anticipate that the broad vista provided by GeneCaRNA will serve as an essential guide for further LncRNA research in disease decipherment.
Elucidating the influence of RNA modifications and Magnesium ions on tRNAPheconformational dynamics inS. cerevisiae: Insights from Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics simulations
Authors: Nowzari Zohreh R. , D’Esposito Rebecca J , Vangaveti Sweta , Chen Alan A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPost-transcriptional modifications in RNA can significantly impact their structure and function. In particular, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are heavily modified, with around 100 different naturally occurring nucleotide modifications contributing to codon bias and decoding efficiency. Here, we describe our efforts to investigate the impact of RNA modifications on the structure and stability of tRNA Phenylalanine (tRNAPhe) from S.cerevisiaeusing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Through temperature replica exchange MD (T-REMD) studies, we explored the unfolding pathway to understand how RNA modifications influence the conformational dynamics of tRNAPhe, both in the presence and absence of magnesium ions (Mg2+). We observe that modified nucleotides in key regions of the tRNA establish a complex network of hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions which is essential for tertiary structure stability of the tRNA. Furthermore, our simulations show that modifications facilitate the formation of ion binding sites on the tRNA. However, high concentrations of Mg2+ions can stabilize the tRNA tertiary structure in the absence of modifications. Our findings illuminate the intricate interactions between modifications, magnesium ions, and RNA structural stability.Graphical Abstract
Wild lytic bacteriophages: a potential enhancer of disinfectants’ biofilm inhibition in bio-industrial settings for fruit fly production
Authors: Matute Torres Julio Roberto , Linares Fernández Mariandrée , Rendón Pedro , Pennington Pamela Marie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe pathogenic nature ofMorganella morganiito fruit flies has been described earlier; its biofilm prevents the larvae of mass reared fruit flies from proceeding to their next life stage by trapping them in their polymeric matrix. For the Mediterranean (Ceratitis capitata) fruit fly (“medfly”) mass rearing plants, this can be problem, due to losses generated in the production process. The presence of this bacteria is prevented by using different disinfectants, by themselves, or combined, which can act as selective pressure for the biofilm to resist the disinfectants. In this paper, we propose a method to isolate lytic bacteriophages and use them as quorum quenchers, to prevent microbial consortium from forming biofilms. When tried as viral cocktails, a very significant reduction of biofilm was found. However, when used with one of the two tried industrial disinfectants, the viral effect wasn’t as significant. When interpreted alongside the first experiments, this result opens the door to use bacteriophages to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration necessary of the disinfectant. A reduction of said concentration would translate into less selective pressure for a resistance against it, and a reduction in costs for the mass rearing process at the time of implementation of the system.