bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOLERANCE OF SUGARCANE CLONES TO FEEDING BY INOPUS RUBRICEPS (MACQUART) (DIPTERA: STRATIOMYIDAE)
Authors: Samson P. R. , Hansen P. B. , Mullins R. T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLarge differences in ratooning were observed between sugarcane clones in a variety trial that became infested with larvae of the sugarcane soldier fly Inopus rubriceps. To investigate this apparent resistance, pot experiments were carried out using two clones that responded differently in the trial. Soldier fly larvae reduced the number of ratoon shoots produced by both clones after harvest, with the commercial cultivar CP44–101 less affected than the experimental clone 81S595 under a range of growing conditions. This differential effect was consistent with field observations. The effect of soldier fly on plant growth prior to harvest was similar in both clones. Larval survival was independent of clone or larval density. The difference between the two clones appears due to a tolerance of soldier fly feeding by CP44–101. Pot experiments should be useful for screening commercial cultivars.
OVIPOSITIONAL ANTIXENOSIS TO CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA (COQUILLETT) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN GRAIN SORGHUM
Authors: Franzmann B. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe components of resistance to sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett), in 20 genotypes of grain sorghum were assessed in six glasshouse trials by caging females on panicles. Fewer eggs were laid in sessile spikelets and a lower percentage of such spikelets was infested in all resistant lines compared with susceptible lines, indicating that ovipositional antixenosis was the major component involved. Pedicellate spikelets were not infested in lieu of sessile spikelets. In one line antixenosis to ovary‐feeding by larvae was indicated.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA (COQUILLETT) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN PEDICELLATE SORGHUM SPIKELETS
Authors: Franzmann B. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLarvae of the sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola, develop more slowly in pedicellate (male) spikelets than in sessile (seed producing) spikelets on sorghum panicles. In pedicellate spikelets, total immature development time was 1.5 d slower than the 19.3 d taken in sessile spikelets. This difference has implications for the determination of development rate on midge‐resistant sorghums.
NEW EGG PARASITOID RECORDS FOR BIPRORULUS BIBAX (BREDDIN) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: James David G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFive hymenopterous parasitoids, Trissolcus ogyges (Dodd), Trissolcus oeneus (Dodd) (Scelionidae), Ooencyrtus sp.n., Ectopiognatha major Perkins and Xenoencyrtus hemipterus (Girault) (Encyrtidae), are newly recorded from eggs of Biprorulus bibax with brief notes on parasitism biology.
THE USE OF ENCLOSURES FOR SHORT‐TERM PESTICIDE TRIALS ON INVERTEBRATES IN SHALLOW WETLANDS
Authors: Pinder A. M. , Harrington S. A. , Davis J. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSix cylindrical plastic enclosures were used to test the effects of an organophosphate pesticide (temephos) on a pest chironomid, Polypedilum nubifer Skuse, in a shallow wetland. High mortality of larval P. nubifer occurred in the treated enclosures compared to the controls, and few differences in the physico‐chemical properties of the water were recorded between treated and control enclosures, and the surrounding non‐enclosed region. These results indicate that small, portable, in situ mesocosms can provide a useful tool for assessing the effects of pesticides or pollutants in wetlands.
HOST STATUS OF SOME AUSTRALIAN‐GROWN CUCURBITS TOBACTROCERA TRYONI(FROGGATT)(DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Jessup A. J. , McCarthy D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAustralian‐grown cucumbers, baby squash, pumpkins and zucchini were able to host Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) under laboratory experimental conditions designed by New Zealand quarantine authorities. “Blackjack” zucchini were more able to host B. tryoni to pupation than “Crystal Salad” cucumbers and “Queensland Blue” pumpkins. “Green Gem” cucumber, “Sunburst” baby squash and “Green Buttons” baby squash were of intermediate susceptibility. Alternate methods of pest risk evaluation are discussed.
A SCRUB TYPHUS VECTORLEPTOTROMBIDIUM DELIENSE(WALCH) (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE) ON RATS IN LITCHFIELD PARK, NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Bell P. J. , Whelan P. I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA scrub typhus vector, Leptotrombidium deliense, is reported from Litchfield Park in the Northern Territory. A small mammal trapping survey in areas of the park visited by two confirmed cases of scrub typhus showed a high prevalence of L. deliense in the three native rat species Rattus tunneyi (Thomas), R. colletti (Thomas) and Melomys burtoni (Ramsay).
NEW BRISTLE TAILS (ARCHAEOGNATHA: MEINERTELLIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Sturm H. , Smith G. B. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Machilelloides incoloratus gen. et sp.n. and Machiloides granulatus sp.n. are described. This is the first record of Machiloides Silvestri from the Australian mainland. The genus Machilellus Silvestri is reported for the first time from Australia with the record of Machilellus orientalis Silvestri from Queensland. The phylogenetic relationships and zoogeographical importance of the material are discussed.
Endosulfan Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Australia
Authors: Gunning R. V. , EASTON C. S. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Helicoverpa armigera larvae and adults were collected from New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland from 1974 to 1990 and laboratory cultures were established. Endosulfan was topically applied to third instar larvae of the first or second laboratory generations of the field collections and to a susceptible laboratory strain. the highest levels of endosulfan resistance (> 50‐fold) were recorded in 1974 following several years of endosulfan use in the field. Resistance was not detected from 1977 to 1983 when pyrethroids were substituted for endosulfan in the field. Since then, resistance has become widespread with the re‐introduction of endosulfan use. However, these resistance levels have remained generally low with only 5 of the 82 strains tested having resistance factors above 10‐fold. the highest level of resistance recorded after 1984 was 23‐fold and laboratory selection with endosulfan increased this to 163‐fold. From 1986 to 1990, 15–20% of individuals in populations of H. armigera from unsprayed areas of NSW were endosulfan resistant. the Helicoverpa insecticide resistance management strategy appears to have limited endosulfan resistance.
Insect Herbivory in a River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) Forest in Southern New South Wales
Authors: Stone C. , BACON P. E. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe influence of insect herbivory on tree growth was examined in a river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forest in southern New South Wales. Mature E. camaldulensis trees treated with the systemic insecticide monocrotophos lost an average of 13.9%± 1.6 of potential leaf area from current season's foliage compared with 22.3%± 1.6 from untreated trees. the most common form of damage was caused by leaf‐chewing insects. Leaf tissue lost by sap‐sucking, leafmining or galling insects was minimal. A total of 49 species of phytophagous insects were collected from the E. camaldulensis canopies. the insecticide‐treated trees had significantly higher rate of diameter increment (2.9 cm ± 1.1 vs. 0.7 cm ± 0.1). They also possessed healthier crowns and significantly larger leaf length/width ratios. the insecticide treatment had no significant effect on potential area per leaf or mean specific mass of the sampled foliage. the level of insect herbivory in nearby saplings was not significantly different to that of the mature trees.
An Allozyme Method for Identifying Individual Aphids of Morphologically Similar Taxa (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: TURAK E. , HALES D. F. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTWe describe a simple method, using allozyme electrophoresis, that enables the identification of individual aphids, and demonstrate its application to the Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi)‐Sitobion nr fragariae complex of species and chromosomal races.
The Response of Helicoverpa punctigera (Waliengren) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to DDT, Endosulfan, Deltamethrin and Fenvalerate
Authors: Gunning R. V. , EASTON C. S. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Helicoverpa punctigera populations were collected from field locations in Australia from 1974 to 1991 and their responses to insecticides used for H. punctigera control were determined. Insecticides were topically applied to third instar larvae. the LD50s for deltamethrin, fenvalerate, endosulfan and DDT ranged from 0.002–0.006 μg/larva (nine population samples tested), 0.004–0.02 μg/larva (48 samples); 0.5–1.7 μg/larva (18 samples); 1.5–2.8 μg/larva (8 samples), respectively. There was no evidence of H. punctigera resistance to DDT, endosulfan, deltamethrin and fenvalerate. We suggest that field resistance development in H. punctigera has been retarded by ecological factors which may limit insecticide exposure.
Pyrethroid Synergism by Piperonyl Butoxide in Bovicola ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae)
Authors: LEVOT GARRY W. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTPiperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergised the synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin and alpha‐cypermethrin in a concentration‐dependent manner in susceptible and both low‐and high‐SP‐resistant strains of the sheep body louse Bovicola ovis. Synergism ratios as high as 23 x were recorded when 200 mg/L PBO was mixed with deltamethrin in bioassays with the highly resistant Hartley strain. High PBO synergism implicates mono‐oxygenase detoxification of SPs as a major cause of SP resistance in B. ovis. the possibility of mixing PBO with existing SP lousicide products to control pyrethroid resistant lice is discussed.
Evidence from 12S Ribosomal RNA Sequences Resolves a Morphological Conundrum in Austrosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: BALLARD J. WILLIAM O. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTSystematic analysis of 12S ribosomal RNA sequences supports the proposal that adults of Austrosimulium pestilens Mackerras and Mackerras and A. bancrofti (Taylor) s.l. may be distinguished by antennal segment number. However, there were too few informative positions within the region sequenced to resolve the phylogenetic affinities of the distinct cytological forms within A. bancrofti s.l. These data demonstrate that 12S rRNA can aid phylogenetic resolution of blackfly morphospecies but not cytological forms.
Control of Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstedt) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Field Cages using an Oil‐based Spray of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal (Deuteromycetina: Hyphomycetes)
Authors: MILNER R. J. , HARTLEY T. R. , LUTTON G. G. , PRIOR C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTConidia of an isolate of Metarhizium flavoviride, F1985 suspended in oil were sprayed onto mainly adult Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstedt) in field cages at two dose rates: 2 × 109 and 2 × 108 conodia/mL. Both rates were effective in killing all P. vittatum in the cages in 3 weeks, under the prevailing cool conditions. Samples of grasshoppers taken from the treated cages at 4, 8 and 14 d post‐spraying died within 1–6 d when placed at constant 26°C in the laboratory. Samples of foliage fed to healthy grasshoppers showed that some infections conidia persisted for 14 d. the results indicate that it may be possible to control P. vittatum with an oil‐based spray of conidia of M. flavoviride.
Biology of Pseudoheteronyx sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on the Central Highlands of Queensland
Authors: ROBERTSON L. N. , KETTLE B. A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe life cycle, development rates, fecundity and survivorship of Pseudoheteronyx sp. were studied in the laboratory and field. Adults fed on leaves of Asteraceae (sunflower and Parthenium hysterophorus L., an introduced weed). Larvae in the soil fed on cereal roots and on crop residues but developed faster on living wheat roots compared to wheat stubble. the shortest development time for larvae was 8 months under laboratory conditions. Teneral adults appeared in the field at the start of the summer wet season (usually December). Sex ratio was 1:1. Size could not be used to separate the sexes, which were morphologically similar. Adults began laying eggs about 8 weeks after adult emergence. Under moist soil conditions in the laboratory, adults laid eggs for 1 year except during 4–6 weeks in winter when mean monthly temperature dropped below 20°C. When confined in groups of up to 20 adults, Pseudoheteronyx sp. laid an average 18.5 eggs per female when fed sunflower leaves, and 3.0 eggs per female when fed leaves of Parthenium. Individually confined females fed sunflower leaves laid 10–51 eggs during their life. Natural enemies recorded in the field included fungal pathogens (Metarhizium, Beauveria, Hirsutella and Cordyceps spp.) and milky disease (Bacillus popilliae).
Preliminary Field Trial on the Control of Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstetd) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Populations with Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal (Deuteromycetina: Hyphomycetes)
Authors: BAKER G. L. , MILNER R. J. , LUTTON G. G. , WATSON D. M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTConidia of Metarhizium flavoviride isolate F1985 were applied to a field population of Phaulacridium vittatum near Dalgety, New South Wales as an oil‐based ULV spray and an oil/water emulsion high volume spray to 0.25 ha plots at a rate equivalent to 3.56 × 1012 conidia/ha. As a comparison, one plot was treated with fenitrothion e.c. at 240 g.a.i./ha. the M. flavoviride high volume treatment reduced P. vittatum densities from 18–28 m−2 to < 8 m−2 within 10 d. the density was reduced by a similar extent by the insecticide treatment. the ULV treatment showed a delayed decline, occurring between day 10 and 17. the control plots also showed a decline at this time which was due to spray drift and dispersal. One month after treatment densities averaged 4.5m−2 in M. flavoviride treatments, 5.0 m−2 in the insecticide treatment and 8.5m−2 in control plots. P. vittatum field collected up to 32 d after treatment sporulated after death in the laboratory suggesting lateral transmission of the disease in the field. This is the first demonstration of carryover of M. flavoviride in the field.
Spatial Distribution and Mortality of Helicoverpa spp. Pupae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Field Crops on the Darling Downs, Queensland
Authors: MURRAY D. A. H. , ZALUCKI M. P. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe spatial distribution and mortality of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) and H. armigera (Hübner) pupae were investigated under field crops on the Darling Downs, Queensland. Mean pupal depth was 47.3 mm for H. punctigera and 46.2 mm for H. armigera. For each species, the mean depth of male pupae was significantly greater than that of female pupae. In rain‐grown crops where distinct ridges were not formed for the plant rows, pupae were evenly distributed across the inter‐row space. Average pupal survival was 36.6% (range 11.8–70.2). Parasitism averaged 37.0% (range 8.2–61.9). Seven primary parasitoids and four hyperparasitoids were recorded from pupae. Predation by Agrypnus sp. larvae was recorded under sorghum. More intensive sampling of non‐diapausing, overwintering and spring diapausing pupal populations are warranted to further investigate mortality factors.
Comparison of a Pledget Technique with Other Methods for Bloodfeeding Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for Virus Studies
Authors: WELLS P. J. , VALE T. G. , RUSSELL R. C. , CLOONAN M. J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThree artificial methods for feeding blood/arbovirus mixtures to mosquitoes were investigated. A blood‐soaked cotton pledget provided better feeding rates of Aedes vigilax (Skuse) and Culex annulirostris Skuse than a blood‐filled rat tail skin or a membrane feeder when compared to a live rat.
A Review of Cadra Walker in Australia: Five New Native Species and the Two Introduced Pest Species (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)
Authors: HORAK MARIANNE 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTFive new species of Cadra Walker, C. reniformis, C. perfasciata, C. corniculata, C. acuta and C. rugosa, are described from Australia, and the two cosmopolitan pest species present, C. cautella (Walker) and C. figulilella (Gregson), are figured. the native Australian species form a monophyletic group within the genus. Their biology is unknown. They have never been recorded from stored products, though the distribution of several species coincides with well‐populated regions.
Enhanced Monooxygenase Activity in Pyrethroid‐resistant Strains of Bovicola ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae)
Authors: KOTZE A. C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTMonooxygenase enzyme activity (aldrin epoxidation) was measured in microsomes prepared from pyrethroid‐resistant and ‐susceptible strains of the sheep body louse, Bovicola ovis. Enzyme activity was elevated 2.1‐fold and 4.1‐fold in strains showing resistance levels to cypermethrin (at LC50) of 17‐fold and 183‐fold, respectively, compared to a susceptible strain. This suggests involvement of the monooxygenase system in the observed pyrethroid resistance. the pyrethroid‐resistant strains showed no cross‐resistance to DDT, thus providing no evidence of a nerve‐insensitivity resistance mechanism. General esterase levels (measured using α‐naphthyl acetate) were similar in resistant and susceptible strains.
Morphology of the Early Stages of Mycalesis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) From North‐eastern Australia
Authors: BRABY M. F. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe early stages of Mycalesis perseus (F.), M. terminus (F.) and M. Sirius (F.) are described from Townsville and Cardwell, north‐eastern Australia. the species show close morphological similarities in the egg and early instar larvae. They diverge in both structure and behaviour from about third instar onwards. Final instar larva” of M. terminus and M. Sirius are brown, whereas those of M. perseus are polymorphic though predominantly green. Pupal polymorphism occurs in all three species: pupae are mostly green but dark brown morphs occur during the dry winter months.
Seasonality and Host Relationships of Insects Associated with Oothecae of Archimantis latistyla (Serville) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
Authors: COOMBS MARC 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe seasonal incidence of insects associated with oothecae of Archimantis latistyla was studied from August 1991 to July 1992 at Armidale, N.S.W. Three species of insect, in addition to A. latistyla nymphs, were recorded emerging from oothecae. These were a torymid parasitoid Podagrion sp., a chloropid fly Gaurex sp., and a dermestid beetle Orphinus sp. A. latistyla adults deposited oothecae from mid summer (January) through to early autumn (April). Podagrion parasitise newly laid oothecae. Sex allocation by Podagrion was highly female‐biased. Sex ratios (proportion male) of between 0.11 and 0.40 were most common. Following emergence of A. latistyla nymphs and of Podagrion, oothecae were utilised by Gaurex and Orphinus. Peak occurrence of these two species occurred during winter and early spring (May to September). Both species appeared to feed largely as scavengers within the oothecae. Orphinus larvae consumed the internal fabric of the oothecae.
Revision of Leioproctus (Filiglossa) Rayment (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Authors: MAYNARD GLYNN 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Leioproctus (Filiglossa) is revised and females are described for the first time. Three species, Leioproctus(Filiglossa) davisi, L. (F.) hamatus and L. (F.) prolatus are described as new. Four species of Leioproctus (Filiglossa) are recognised. These species are found in southeastern Australia and are unusual in having very long hairs originating from the apex of the maxillary galeae, a very elongate third labial palp segment, and a hair‐like fourth labial palp segment.
Ecological Observations on the Spinifex Ant, Ochetellus flavipes (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), of Australia's Northern Arid Zone
Authors: MORTON S. R. , CHRISTIAN K. A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Ochetellus flavipes constructs covered runways across the surface of the ground by fastening grains of sand together with resin from spinifex grasses (Triodia and Plectrachne spp.), and travels inside the runways from its nests to the spinifex hummocks. the ants also build shelters from the same material enclosing mealybugs, Prorsococcus acanthodus, which are tended on spinifex by the ants. the ants occur patchily, and are known from less than 30 localities across a vast area of northern Australia. Topographic positions of these localities suggest that peculiarly favourable moisture conditions are necessary to support both mealybugs and attendant ants. Microclimatic conditions and thermal tolerances of the ants were assessed to investigate the possibility that the runways allow the ants to ameliorate their thermal environment, but the results do not support this notion. We suggest that the structures may serve as protection from predators and/or parasites.
Suspected Resistance to Methidathion in Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Queensland
Authors: COLLINS P. J. , LAMBKIN T. M. , BODNARUK K. P. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe first indication of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in red scale, Aonidiella aurantii, from Australia is noted from the Mundubbera region, Queensland. Samples of scale‐infested fruit were dipped in a commercial formulation of methidathion and the mortality of sessile first instars was recorded. Analysis of variance revealed that two populations contained significant numbers of first instars surviving the insecticide treatment. Presence of resistance to methidathion in red scale populations would limit its usefulness in pest management programs and may indicate cross‐resistance to other organophosphates.
Phenotypic Variation in Adult Mycalesis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Australian Wet‐dry Tropics
Authors: BRABY M. F. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTPhenotypic variation in the wing underside eyespot elements and size variation in female forewing length were analysed in three Australian butterflies of the tropical genus Mycalesis Hübner over 2 years at Cardwell (18°16′S), north‐eastern Queensland. Variation in spot size is strongly seasonal with distinctive wet‐season and dry‐season forms. Adult females of all three species are characterised by smaller ocelli during the dry cooler winter, whereas individuals with larger ocelli predominated throughout the wet hotter summer‐autumn months. Phenotypic change is less pronounced and more gradual in M. sirius, and most dramatic in M. perseus with the dry‐season form also lacking the conspicuous wing underside lines and bands. Dry‐season forms are typically larger (at least in M. perseus and M. terminus), less active, aggregate in moist refugia and often reproductively dormant during the dry season. Wet‐season forms usually reproduce directly and rarely diapause or aggregate. Seasonal polyphenism in these satyrines may be a dry season survival strategy, minimising risk of predation through crypsis during the period when females diapause and aggregate.
First Record of the Family Otopheidomenidae (Acarina Mesostigmata) in Australia, with Description of Nabiseius melinae sp.n.
Authors: HALLIDAY R. B. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe family Otopheidomenidae is recorded from Australia for the first time on the basis of Nabiseius melinae sp.n., collected from Creontiades sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae), on which it is presumed to be parasitic. A checklist of the family Otopheidomenidae is provided.