bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genesis of solitons arising from individual Flows of the Camassa‐Holm hierarchy
Authors: Loubet Enrique 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe present work offers a detailed account of the large‐time development of the velocity profile run by a single “individual” Hamiltonian flow of the Camassa‐Holm (CH) hierarchy, the Hamiltonian employed being the reciprocal of any eigenvalue of the underlying spectral problem. In this simpler scenario, I prove some of the conjectures raised by McKean [27]. Notably, I confirm the ultimate shaping into solitons of the cusps that appear, near blowup sites, of any velocity profile emanating from an initial disposition for which breakdown of the wave in finite time is sure to happen. The careful large‐time asymptotic analysis is carried fromexactexpressions describing the velocity in terms of initial data, the integration involving a “Lagrangian” scale and three “theta functions,” the rates at which the latter reach their common values at each end of the line characterizing the region where soliton genesis is expected. In fact, the present method also suggests how solitons may arise from initial conditions not leading to breakdown. The full CH flow is nothing but a superposition of such commuting “individual” actions. Therein lies the hope that the present account will pave the way to elucidate soliton formation for more complex flows, in particular for the CH flow itself. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On Hamiltonian perturbations of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws I: Quasi‐Triviality of bi‐Hamiltonian perturbations
Authors: Dubrovin Boris , Liu Si‐Qi , Zhang Youjin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe study the general structure of formal perturbative solutions to the Hamiltonian perturbations of spatially one‐dimensional systems of hyperbolic PDEsvt+ [ϕ(v)]x= 0. Under certain genericity assumptions it is proved that anybi‐Hamiltonianperturbation can be eliminated in all orders of the perturbative expansion by a change of coordinates on the infinite jet space dependingrationallyon the derivatives. The main tool is in constructing the so‐called quasi‐Miura transformation of jet coordinates, eliminating an arbitrary deformation of a semisimple bi‐Hamiltonian structure of hydrodynamic type (the quasi‐triviality theorem). We also describe, following [35], the invariants of such bi‐Hamiltonian structures with respect to the group of Miura‐type transformations dependingpolynomiallyon the derivatives. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO Cleavage Promoted by Acetylide Addition to Vinyliminium Diiron Complexes
Authors: Busetto Luigi , Marchetti Fabio , Zacchini Stefano , Zanotti Valerio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe vinyliminium complex [Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐C(Me)=C(Me)C=N(Me)(Xyl)}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2][SO3CF3] (1; Xyl = 2,6‐Me2C6H3) reacts with LiC≡CR [R = C6H4Me = Tol, Ph, H, nBu, SiMe3, C(Me)=CH2] affording the amido‐functionalized allylidene complexes [Fe2{μ‐κ1(O):η1(C):η3(C)‐C(C≡CR)C(Me)C(Me)C(O)N(Me)(Xyl)}(μ‐CO)(Cp)2] [R = C6H4Me = Tol, 2; R = Ph, 3; R = H, 4; R = nBu, 5; R = SiMe3, 6; R = C(Me)=CH2, 7] in good yields. Labelling experiments with 13CO‐enriched 1 indicate that formation of 2–7 occurs through cleavage of the carbon–oxygen bond of a coordinated CO ligand. The molecular structure of 2 has been determined by an X‐ray diffraction study. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Non‐instrumental voice and extra‐role behaviour
Authors: Platow Michael J. , Filardo Francesca , Troselj Linda , Grace Diana M. , Ryan Michelle K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe instrumental power associated with voicing opinions to an authority was manipulated to observe the effects upon subsequent discretionary, extra‐role behaviours. In two experiments, the provision of non‐instrumental voice increased extra‐role behaviours above a no voice condition. Experiment 2 also showed that this relationship was mediated by procedural‐justice perceptions, but not respect from, or social identification with, the group. The implications of these data for current theory, as well as the possible moderating role of social identification, are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of gene expression and DNA copy number changes in a murine model of lung cancer
Authors: Sweet‐Cordero Alejandro , Tseng George C. , You Han , Douglass Margaret , Huey Bing , Albertson Donna , Jacks Tyler 
Published: December 2005

AbstractActivation of oncogenic Kras in murine lung leads to the development of numerous small adenomas, only some of which progress over time to overt adenocarcinoma. Thus, although Kras is the initiating oncogene, it is likely that secondary genetic events are required for progression from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. Some of these secondary events may also be important in human lung adenocarcinoma. By comparing gene expression profiles with DNA copy number changes, we sought to identify genes that play key roles in tumor progression in this model. Gene expression profiling revealed significant heterogeneity among the tumor samples. In 27% of the tumors analyzed, whole‐ or subchromosome duplications or deletions in one or more chromosomes were seen. Recurrent duplications were seen on chromosomes 6, 8, 16, and 19, whereas chromosomes 4, 11, and 17 were frequently lost. Notably, focal amplifications or deletions were not seen. Despite the lack of focal amplication, we showed that chromosome duplication has a measurable effect on gene expression that is not uniform across the genome. We identified a group of genes whose gene expression was highly correlated with changes in DNA copy number. These highly correlated genes were enriched for gene ontology categories involved in the DNA damage response and telomere maintenance. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathologic significance of CD105 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx
Authors: Chien Chih‐Yen , Su Chih‐Ying , Hwang Chung‐Feng , Chuang Hui‐Ching , Hsiao Yea‐Chyang , Wu Shu‐Ling , Huang Chao‐Cheng 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground.Induction of angiogenesis is a key process in tumor growth and metastasis. We studied the CD105 (endoglin) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hypopharyngeal cancer to evaluate their clinicopathologic significance.Methods.Seventy‐three patients who underwent complete excision of hypopharyngeal cancer were included in this study. Clinicopathologic data were collected retrospectively. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antibodies of CD105 and VEGF. Positive‐stained microvessels for CD105 were counted on hot spots of tumors. The staining intensity for VEGF was also evaluated.Results.High expression of CD105 correlated significantly with positive nodal metastasis (p < .001) and TNM stage (p < .01). High expression of VEGF correlated significantly with advanced tumor (T) classification (p < .01). The overall 5‐year survival rate was worse in patients with higher CD105 expression (p < .001), advanced TNM stage (p < .01), advanced T classification (p < .01), and positive nodal metastasis (p < .001). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that CD105 expression in microvessels of tumor tissue, advanced T classification, and nodal status were independent factors for survival.Conclusion.Our results suggest that expression of CD105 is a useful predictive prognostic factor in hypopharyngeal cancer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 28: 441–446, 2006
Crop nitrogen recovery and soil nitrogen dynamics in a 10‐year field experiment with biowaste compost
Authors: Hartl Wilfried , Erhart Eva 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWhen fertilizing with compost, the fate of the nitrogen applied via compost (mineralization, plant uptake, leaching, soil accumulation) is relevant both from a plant‐production and an environmental point of view. In a 10‐year crop‐rotation field experiment with biowaste‐compost application rates of 9, 16, and 23 t ha–1 y–1 (f. m.), the N recovery by crops was 7%, 4%, and 3% of the total N applied via compost. Due to the high inherent fertility of the site, N recovery from mineral fertilizer was also low. In the minerally fertilized treatments, which received 25, 40, and 56 kg N ha–1 y–1 on average, N recovery from mineral fertilizer was 15%, 13%, and 11%, respectively.Although total N loads in the compost treatments were much higher than the N loads applied with mineral fertilizer (89–225 kg Ntot ha–1 y–1 vs. 25–56 kg Ntot ha–1 y–1; both on a 10‐year mean) and the N recovery was lower than in the treatments receiving mineral N fertilizer, soil NO$ _3^- $‐N contents measured three times a year (spring, post‐harvest, autumn) showed no higher increase through compost fertilization than through mineral fertilization at the rates applied in the experiment.Soil contents of Norg and Corg in the plowed layer (0–30 cm depth) increased significantly with compost fertilization, while with mineral fertilization, Norg contents were not significantly higher. Taking into account the decrease in soil Norg contents in the unfertilized control during the 10 years of the experiment, 16 t compost (f. m.) ha–1 y–1 just sufficed to keep the Norg content of the soil at the initial level.
Lattice permutation for reducing motion artifacts in radial and spiral dynamic imaging
Authors: Tsao Jeffrey , Boesiger Peter , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRadial and spiral trajectories exhibit favorable characteristics for dynamic imaging. Nevertheless, changes in image contents during acquisition lead to inconsistencies in the k‐space data, which are manifested as streaks or spiral artifacts, respectively. This work proposes the concept of lattice permutation to reorder the data segments for artifact suppression. This acts to reshuffle the alias pattern along the temporal frequency axis. The proposed approach is well suited to sliding window reconstruction, although more sophisticated methods are also possible. For typical image series where the signal energies are concentrated in the low temporal frequencies, the permutation displaces most of the aliased signals from the low temporal frequencies to the high temporal frequencies, where they are attenuated by sliding window reconstruction, while the signals in the low temporal frequencies are mostly contaminated by aliasing from the much weaker signals in the higher temporal frequencies. This results in considerably reduced artifacts without any increase in scan time. In practice, lattice permutation achieves similar artifact suppression as the bit‐reversed order, but with a less stringent restriction on the number of segments. At the same time, it provides a more powerful approach to controlling the alias pattern exactly. Results from real‐time cardiac imaging are demonstrated. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brachial plexopathy due to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in neurofibromatosis type 1: Case report and subject review
Authors: Pacelli James , Whitaker Charles H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common tumor predisposition syndrome affecting approximately 1 in 4,000 persons. It is an autosomal‐dominant disorder with half of the cases resulting from spontaneous mutations. This genetic defect leads to the formation of benign tumors or neurofibromas of the peripheral nervous system. Dermal neurofibromas may cause local discomfort and itching but are rarely associated with neurological deficit and do not undergo malignant change. The more extensive plexiform neurofibromas produce neurological complications in 27%–43% of patients with NF1 and may undergo malignant degeneration in 5% of cases. Patients with NF1 who develop pain or new neurological symptoms should have a rapid and thorough assessment for malignancy. In this report, we illustrate this point by presenting a patient who developed acute shoulder pain and weakness due to malignant degeneration of a plexiform neurofibroma involving the left brachial plexus, and review the literature on this subject. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Quay crane scheduling at container terminals to minimize the maximum relative tardiness of vessel departures
Authors: Liu Jiyin , Wan Yat‐wah , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we study the problem of scheduling quay cranes (QCs) at container terminals where incoming vessels have different ready times. The objective is to minimize the maximum relative tardiness of vessel departures. The problem can be formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model of large size that is difficult to solve directly. We propose a heuristic decomposition approach to breakdown the problem into two smaller, linked models, the vessel‐level and the berth‐level models. With the same berth‐level model, two heuristic methods are developed using different vessel‐level models. Computational experiments show that the proposed approach is effective and efficient. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Drawing behavior and characteristics of laser‐drawn polypropylene fibers
Authors: Jalal Uddin Ahmed , Mashima Yusuke , Ohkoshi Yutaka , Gotoh Yasuo , Nagura Masanobu , Sakamoto Akinobu , Kuroda Ryuma 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDrawing behavior, flow drawing, and neck drawing, was studied for isotacticpolypropylene fibers in CO2 laser drawing system, and the fiber structure and the mechanical properties of drawn fibers were analyzed. For a certain laser power, flow drawing of polypropylene (PP) was possible up to draw ratio (DR) 19.5. Though the drawing stress was very low, the flow‐drawn PP fiber exhibited oriented crystal structure and improved mechanical properties. On the other hand, neck‐drawing was accomplished from DR 4 to 12, with significant increase in drawing stress that enhanced the development of fiber structure and mechanical properties. Unlike PET, the drawing stress depends not only on the DR, but on irradiated laser power also. The 10–12 times neck‐drawn fibers were highly fibrillated. The fibers having tensile strength 910 MPa, initial modulus 11 GPa, and dynamic modulus 14 GPa were obtained by single‐step laser drawing system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 398–408, 2006
Spin and mixed spin‐and‐orbital excitations in KCuF3
Authors: Sikora O. , Oleś A. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe investigate the effective spin‐orbital superexchange model for KCuF3 including the superexchange term due to charge‐transfer excitations. We investigate the spin wave and spin‐and‐orbital wave excitations using the bosonic representation of spin and orbital operators for the antiferromagnetic ground state with the ferro‐type of orbital order of occupied eg orbitals. It is shown that antiferromagnetic order is stabilized either by the charge‐transfer superexchange or by the crystal field splitting of the eg energy levels. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unusual negative magnetisation effect in antiferromagnetic YbFe4Al8 compound
Authors: Andrzejewski B. , Kowalczyk A. , Frąckowiak J. E. , Toliński T. , Szlaferek A. , Pal S. , Simon Ch. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have investigated the effect of negative magnetisation in the YbFe4Al8 compound by means of Mössbauer effect and magnetic measurements. Our conclusions disagree with earlier studies of the compound, in which the existence of a small amount of superconducting phase was reported. We explain the effect of the negative magnetisation in terms of antiferromagnetic interactions between the moment of Yb and the effective moment of the canted Fe spins. The system exhibits negative magnetisation when the effective moment, which is oriented along the external magnetic field, is dominated at low temperatures by the opposite rare earth moment. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kondo phenomena of structural defects in USbTe ferromagnet
Authors: Henkie Z. , Cichorek T. , Wawryk R. , Wojakowski A. , Steglich F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have examined an anisotropy of the electrical resistivity ρ (T ) and the thermoelectric power S (T ) in ferromagnetic USbTe. Analysis of the ρ (T ) dependencies revealed an additional term that may be related to a Kondo effect derived from structural two‐level systems. In such a scenario, a continuous decrease of the resistivity upon cooling far below the ferromagnetic transition would suggest a presence of a coherent scattering with a characteristic temperature T 2* = 80 K. The latter is also inferred from the S (T ) data. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tunnelling magnetoresistance of a T‐shaped Fano dot
Authors: Ţolea Mugurel , Bułka Bogdan R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe show the role of the Fano interference on the magnetoresistance properties of a T‐shaped double‐dot placed between ferromagnetic electrodes. In the linear voltage regime, the magnetoresistance is a nonmonotonic function of the gate voltage. We find high values of the magnetoresistance at the Fano dip and far from it. For resonant transmission, the magnetoresistance is lower and it can be negative for asymmetric couplings. Particularities of the system in nonequilibrium transport are also analysed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal hysteresis of the phase‐transition temperature of single‐crystal GdB6
Authors: Reiffers M. , Šebek J. , Šantavá E. , Pristáš G. , Kunii S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe phase transition of a single‐crystal sample of GdB6, oriented along the 〈111〉 axis using the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity ρ (T ), susceptibility χ (T ) and heat capacity C (T ) under an applied magnetic field was studied. ρ (T ) has shown 2 anomalies – a sharp drop at T N1 = 15.4 K and a small maximum at T N2 = 9.1 K with thermal hysteresis effect. χ (T ) shows the anomalies at both transition temperatures. C (T ) shows similar thermal hysteresis effect at T N2. The small maximum at T N2 decreases its position to lower temperatures with increasing magnetic field. The peak at T N1 is practically unaffected by an applied magnetic field up to 9 T. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coronal measurement of the fetal lateral ventricles: comparison between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Garel C. , Alberti C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveCerebral ventricular atrial diameter is routinely measured on fetal ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, the methods have not been compared prospectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between fetal ultrasonography and MRI in the measurement of atrial diameter on a coronal slice.Materials and methodsMeasurements of both lateral ventricles were performed prospectively in 106 fetuses using ultrasonography and MRI on the same day. In 39 of these fetuses, MRI was performed following the detection of ventriculomegaly on ultrasound examination. The median gestational age was 32 weeks. The following factors were recorded: the fetal position, the ventricular location (deep or superficial) and the ultrasound approach (transfontanellar or not). The measurements were performed on a coronal slice at the level of the choroid plexuses using both techniques.ResultsThe two techniques yielded results in close agreement, independently of the three factors noted above. Ventricular atrial diameters below 10 mm tended to be slightly overestimated by ultrasonography, whereas those above 10 mm tended to be underestimated in comparison to measurements by MRI.ConclusionsCoronal measurements of the atrial diameter of both cerebral ventricles, whether deep or superficial, are similar when obtained by ultrasonography and MRI. This agreement does not appear to be influenced by the position of the fetal head or by the ultrasound approach (transfontanellar or otherwise) used. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Turbomolecular pumps designed for plasma processes industry. Turbomolekularpumpen speziell für die Plasmaindustrie
Authors: Cerruti R. , Giors S. , Vissers W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPlasma processes are a very popular method to produce high‐grade quality thin films on many different substrates. There are a large variety of different coating systems. Such systems go from small‐scale machines (i.e. Optical coating systems for ophthalmic lenses and filters), through mid‐size machines (such as systems for deposition on flexible substrates used in the food, electronics and packaging industry or systems used for producing optical and magnetic data storage media), up to large‐area systems (i.e. used for architectural glass coating or in the flat panel display industry). Even if all of these systems look very different, there are few common specific points that characterize most of these applications.The plasma is normally based on Argon, Oxygen, Nitrogen (and more recently Krypton) mixtures in the mid 10–3 mbar range. The base pressure is generally over the mid 10–7 mbar range.The deposition rate is very high and so the demand for gas throughput is high as well. (i.e. a glass coater can ionize more than 2000 sccm of Argon per cathode segment).There is a high probability of debris and particle generation within the process; roughing and venting cycles are fast and sometimes uncontrolled (they can be described as air‐in rushes in some cases). Uptime and reliability are not an option, but a must in industrial production environments.It is therefore difficult to believe that turbo molecular pumps originally designed to reach the 10–10 mbar range with a high number of pumping stages and very tight clearances, are capable to work reliability in this demanding environment. We are keener to think that if we want a reliable and performing pumping solution the design of the turbomolecular pump must be specific and dedicated to the application. Ideally this development process is done side by side with the ultimate equipment users, matching at best process requirements and turbomolecular pump design know‐how. As Varian Vacuum Technologies, we have followed that process and this article is sharing the results.
Nanotechnologie in der Automobiltechnik. Nanotechnology in automotive industry
Authors: Dreßen Jochen , Fellenberg Ralf 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBereits heute erzeugt die Nanotechnologie einen beträchtlichen Mehrwert bei der Optimierung von Oberflächen in Bezug auf tribologische, katalytische und optische Eigenschaften. Im Bereich der Werkstoffe stehen Nanokomposite erst am Anfang ihrer Möglichkeiten, Konstruktionswerkstoffe mit höherer Stabilität bei geringerem Gewicht herzustellen. Elektronik und Sensorik tragen bereits heute den Großteil der Innovationen im Automobil. Die zukünftigen Möglichkeiten einer Nanoelektronik werden zu weiteren Verbesserungen im Bereich Verbrauch und Sicherheit führen.