bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deuterium and Oxygen-18 Tracer Study of the Dehydration and the Hydration of Copper Sulfate
Authors: Okazaki Nobukazu , Okumura Akiko , Nakagawa Keiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The deuterium and oxygen-18 exchange reaction of amorphous and crystalline copper sulfate monohydrate with water in the course of the hydration of the monohydrate with heavy water vapor and the subsequent dehydration of the product has been studied.
The exchange reaction of crystalline monohydrate is associated with the formation of hydrate. Amorphous monohydrate shows an increased degree of exchange over crystalline monohydrate. This increased exchangeability of amorphous monohydrate is due to the exchange reaction between surface molecules and adsorbed water. The similarity of the results of deuterium exchange reaction between oxalic acid and copper sulfate confirms the suggestion of the previous report that anhydrous oxalic acid prepared by dehydration in vacuo at low temperatures is amorphous and the degree of deuterium exchange reaction is related to the surface area of the dehydration product.
The results of the oxygen-18 exchange reaction of copper sulfate monohydrate with water vapor are almost identical in essentials with those of the deuterium exchange reaction. The fifth water molecule of copper sulfate is interchangeable with the other four in the process of dehydration of pentahydrate and the hydration of monohydrate.
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium in Silicate Rocks
Authors: Yoshimura Jun , Murakami Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The absorption spectra of vanadium(V) in the media of various concentrations of hydrochloric acid were studied.
2) A 1 n hydrochloric acid concentration was recommended as the working medium for the spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(V), because the change in the intensity of the absorbance with the change in the reagent concentration is slight.
3) Beer’s law was obeyed up to 25 p. p. m. of the metal, measuring the absorbance at 222 mμ.
4) The analysis of the silicate rocks by this method was studied, and good results were obtained.
Radiation-induced Polymerization of α-Methylstyrene. II. Reply to the Criticism of Bates et al.
Authors: Hirota Kozo , Takemura Fukuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Gamma-ray-induced polymerization of α-methylstyrene occurs mostly according to the radical mehanism, as had been concluded by one of the present authors, but simultaneously it occurs to some extent according to the cationic mechanism, as had been asserted by Bates et al.
Chain Transfer to Telomer. II. In the Case of Catalyzed β-Polymerization
Authors: Okamura Seizo , Katagiri Keizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Catalyzed styrene polymerization in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile and telomer has been carried out to investigate the effects of the conversion of monomer and of the addition of catalyst on the degree of polymerization of polymer under the same conditions as in the previous report.
The apparent degree of polymerization of polymer was obtained as a rather larger value than expected. This situation is qualitatively explained by the reactions of a catalyst fragment radical with telomer and with polymer freshly produced.
Dehydration Reactions of Benzaldoxime by Means of Compounds Having a Nitrogen-Carbon Double Bond
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Fujisawa Tamotsu , Mitsunobu Ohyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dehydration reactions of benzaldoxime with such nitrogen-carbon double bond compounds having halogen and alkoxyl groups as phenylimidophosgen, ethyl N-phenyliminochlo-roformate and ethyl N-phenylformidate were studied.
One mole of phenyl imidophosgene, when reacted with 1 mol. of benzaldoxime, gave phenyl isocyanate and benzonitrile as main products. On the other hand, with 2 mol. of the aldoxime, aniline hydrochloride and benzonitrile were obtained in good yields. The aldoxime was also dehydrated effectively by ethyl N-phenyliminochloroformate to give, among other byproducts, the nitrile and ethyl N-phenylcarbamate. The nitrile and formanilide were obtained by the reaction of the aldoxime with ethyl N-phenylformidate.
Rotational Isomers of Vinyl Ethers. Studies of the Vibrational Spectra and Dipole Moments of cis- and trans-β-Chlorovinyl Methyl Ethers
Authors: Mikawa Yukio , Morita Shiro , Tsunakawa Sukenari 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Raman and infrared spectra of cis- and trans-β-chlorovinyl methyl ethers (ClCHCHOCH3) were measured in the vapor and liquid states, and the infrared spectra in the solid state were also measured for the trans compound. The dipole moments were measured for both of the compounds in a benzene solution. From the observed value of the dipole moments, it was decided that the compound having the lower boiling point had a trans configuration and the other, a cis configuration.
On the basis of these configuration, interpretation of the vibrational spectra of both compounds was undertaken. As for the trans compound, the existence of the rotational isomers arising from the internal rotation around the C–O axis was verified by the fact that some of the infrared bands disappeared on solidification of the samples. The spectra in the liquid and vapor states were interpreted as a mixture of those of two rotational isomers, and tentative assignments were given for one of the isomers by reference to the spectra of methyl vinyl ether. The most probable form of the molecule was supposed as the planar zigzag form.
On the contrary, it was established that there existed no rotational isomer in the cis compound in any state. The spectra of the cis compound did not resemble those of the trans compound or the methyl vinyl ether and were interpreted as a superposition of group frequencies of the ether linkage and of the –CH=CH- group. Consequently, a non-planar model was proposed, and the angle of internal rotation was determined to be about 90° from the observed value of the dipole moment. In order to explain the difference in the spacial configuration between the cis and the trans compounds, the electrostatic effect, in addition to the resonance effect and the steric repulsion, was considered. From the results of the calculation of the dipole-dipole interaction, it was shown that this electrostatic force played a very significant role in the internal rotation.
The Radiation-Induced Oxidation of Stannous Chloride in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Sugimoto Ken’ichi , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The radiation-induced oxidation of stannous to stannic ion in aqueous hydrochloric acid has been studied and that this system is proposed as a chemical dosimeter for higher doses.
The amount of oxidation is proportional to the energy absorbed and the yield of stannic ion is independent of dose rate and initial stannous chloride concentration over a wide range studied, but increases when stannic con-concentration is high or oxygen is present. Mechanism for this oxidation based on G-values is discussed in terms of the primary decomposition products of water radiolysis. The results can be interpreted to mean that the stannic ion is oxidized only by OH radical. This system could be used for a chemical dosimeter having 8% reproducibility.
Viscosities of O/W Emulsions Stabilized by Nonionic Surfactants. I. Characteristics of Nonionic Surfactants in Emulsion Viscosities
Authors: Ohba Noriaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
O/W emulsions of mineral oil were prepared, using several types of nonionic surfactants, and their relative viscosities were measured with a rotating-cup viscometer, together with microscopic and visual observation of the emulsions.
It was found that there are two maxima in the curve of the relative viscosity vs. the ratio of the two surfactants in the mixed emulsifier employed. From these figures, the relative effects of the nonionic surfactants on the emulsion viscosities were discussed.
It was confirmed that the emulsion viscosity at the optimum composition decreases in the following order:
for sorbitan fatty acid esters,
SMS&gt;SMP&gt;SML&gt;SMO&gt;SSO&gt;STS
for polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters,
E–SMS–20&gt;E–SMP–20&gt;E–SMO–20&gt;E–SML–20
for glyceryl monostearates,
GMS–IV&gt;GMS–III&gt;&gt;GMS–V&gt;GMS–II&gt;GMS–I
For the other types the order of the series was not distinct. In the former two series, the orders of the arrangements are parallel with those of the decreasing carbon atom numbers in the molecule in the case of saturated fatty acid derivatives.
The soap effect is considered to appear in the case of glyceryl monostearates, the so-called self-emulsifying types of the emulsifier.
Using the scale of viscosity vs. virtual HLB value, we can determine by means of emulsification the most probable HLB value of the nonionic surfactants.
Good agreements are seen between the HLB values determined by viscosity minimum and those determined by the emulsification test reported on in the preceding paper.
Viscosities of O/W Emulsions Stabilized by Nonionic Surfactants. II. Effects of Oil Mixtures on the Emulsion Viscosities
Authors: Ohba Noriaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
To study the effects on the viscosities of O/W emulsions of the addition of several materials to the oil phase, oil mixtures were emulsified and the viscosities of the emulsions so obtained were measured with a rotating-cup viscometer,
The effects of these additives in increasing emulsion viscosity are in the following order, with respect both to the amounts required to give a specified increase in viscosity and to the minimum amount required for a sudden increase in viscosity:
C-Alc, AGMS-IV&gt;S-Ac, AGMS-III&gt;La-Alc&gt;AGMS-I, L-Ac, L-Alc&gt;B-W&gt;AGMO-II,AGMO-I, C-W, La
It was confirmed that in order to be effective as an additive in increasing emulsion viscosity, the iodine value should be small, while an ineffective additive always shows a low Δ as well as a low hydroxyl value. The melting point of an additive has, on the whole, no correlation with the power of increasing the emulsion viscosity. The acid value also shows no correlation with the viscosity of the emulsion formed.
A sudden increase in emulsion viscosity was observed beyond a certain amount characteristic of each additive.
Proton Magnetic Resonance in Cupric Formate Tetrahydrate, Cu(HCO2)2·4H2O
Authors: Kiriyama (née Ibamoto) Hideko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The proton magnetic resonance spectra of Cu(HCO2)2·4H2O have been investigated over the range 110° to 315°K, using both single crystal and powdered samples. The water molecules are effectively rigid below the phase transition temperature, 237°K, and the most probable positions of the protons of the two non-equivalent water molecules are postulated on the basis of Pake’s method.
The narrowing of the absorption line occurs above 237°K; this implies the gradual onset of a certain motion of both kinds of water molecules. The absorption spectra in the higher temperature range of 300∼315°K indicate that the reorientation of the water molecules takes place almost exclusively about one axis.
On Glumamycin, a New Antibiotic. II. Isolation and Identification of Amino Acids Constituting Glumamycin
Authors: Inoue Michitaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Isoation of the amino acids constituting glumamycin, a new antibiotic, was effected. As a result, α(l), β-methylaspartic acid, besides l-aspartic acid was obtained as an acidic amino acid. In addition to l-valine, glycine, and l-proline, d-pipecolic acid was yielded as a neutral amino acid. Further, α, β-diaminobutyric acid was obtained as a basic amino acid and its structure was established to be α, β-diamino-n-butyric acid. For positive confirmation of the structure the acid was synthesized, and it was found that the N, N-dibenzoyl ethyl ester of the synthetic product and that of the basic amino acid derived from glumamycin were in complete agreement.
Temperature Dependences of the Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Frequencies in 1,4-Dihalogenocyclohexanes
Authors: Tokuhiro Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The temperature dependences of the 79Br and 127I nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies in 1,4-dihalogenocyclohexanes were investigated. According to Bayer’s theory (Eq. 8), the torsional frequencies were calculated by the use of the calculated moments of inertia and the experimental values of the temperature coefficients of the resonance frequencies at various temperatures. From a comparison of the torsional frequencies, the line of higher frequency at 77°K in cis-1,4-dibromocyclohexane may be assigned to the equatorial bromine nucleus. All the calculated torsional frequencies decrease with the increasing temperature. Such variation in the frequencies agrees with the variation obtained by Raman studies of various molecules in crystals. The resonance lines in the trans-compounds fade out at temperatures considerably below their melting points.
Studies of the Cross-linking and Glass Transition of Fatty Acid-Modified Alkyd Resins
Authors: Kumanotani J\={u} , Chen L W , Kuwata Tsutomu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
a) The degree of cross-linking observed in films of fatty acid modified alkyd resins increases with the content of unsaturated acids. Moreover, cross-linking is not so effective in raising the Tg as the benzene ring, which has a larger cohesive energy.
b) Both the Tg and the degree of cross-linking increase with the increase in the molecular weight of the prepolymer.
c) The excess of glycerol employed in fatty acid-modified alkyd resin is effective in raising the Tg and encouraging the progress of the cross-linking.
d) Generally, the cross-linking is not soon completed; as time elapses, the Tg rises, and the cross-linking progresses. No change in the Gh with the elevation of the Tg (baked film with the addition of a drier) is considered to be caused by the formation of polar groups by air-oxidation.
e) In the early period of drying, a sub-glass transition caused by the unrestrained chain of the acyl groups is observed.
The Kinetics of the Transition of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Suzuki Akira , Kotera Yoshihide 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of the transition of anatase to rutile have been studied in the temperature range 750∼800°C by means of dielectric constant measurements. The kinetic data can be fitted reasonably well by the first order equation. The transition rate is significantly affected by the heating atmosphere and the flux, and the values of the activation energy show a significantly large difference in these cases. In an air or oxygen atmosphere the value of the activation energy in the transition of pure titanium dioxide is 110 or 116 kcal./mol. and 90 kcal./mol. respectively. When 1% of lithium chloride is added to the titanium dioxide, the value of the activation energy of the transition is 150 kcal./mol.
Relations between the Degree of Orientation and the Conditions of the Deposition of Pyrolytic Graphite
Authors: Noda Tokichi , Iinagaki Michio , Kato Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pyrolytic graphites were deposited on carbon rods by the thermal decomposition of a commercial propane gas at various temperatures and at various rates of gas flow. The orientation functions of the graphite crystallites in the deposited graphites were measured by means of the X-ray diffraction method. It was shown that the degree of orientation in the deposited graphites increased with the increase in the temperature of deposition and decreased with the increase in the rate of gas flow. The graphites deposited at temperatures above 2000°C were composed of two layers; the inner layers had a larger degree of orientation and a higher graphitizability than the outer layers. Almost all the (0 0 l) diffraction profiles of the deposited graphites were found to be asymmetrical and to the apparently composed of two kinds of profiles, whose c0 values were 6.72 and 6.86Å.
Studies on Tritium-labeled Compounds. VI. The Platinum-catalyzed Exposure Technique
Authors: Meshi Teruhiko , Takahashi Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
To increase the efficiency of labeling according to the Wilzbach procedure by absorbing the β-ray energy of tritium in the system, three typical hydrogenation catalysts were applied to the salicylic acid-T2 system.
The platinum catalyst was found to be most effective in promoting the labeling. The results obtained in labeling six compounds by the platinum-catalyzed-exposure technique showed that by this procedure higher specific activities in the range of 3∼1880 fold were obtained.
The increase in labeling changed considerably with different compounds, and the relative amount of labeling for aromatics was higher than for aliphatics.
Electronic States of p-Benzoquinone. VII. Intensity of the Symmetry-forbidden Electronic Absorption Bands of p-Benzoquinone
Authors: Sadô Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The intensity of the symmetry-forbidden electronic absorption band of p-benzoquinone, whose excited states belong to 1B2g, 1Au and 1B1g, has been calculated by the perturbation method. It has been concluded that the absorption band around 2900Å corresponds to the 1B2u←1Ag transition, which is allowed through vibronic interaction with the allowed 1B1g←1Ag transition. The interaction is contributed to almost entirely by b3u C=O bending vibration, whose frequency is 370 cm−1 in the ground state.
On the Structures of p-tert-Butylphenol Resin and α-Naphthol Resin. III. Infrared Absorption Spectra of Resins of p-tert-Butylphenol and α-Naphthol
Authors: Soda Reisuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polymers of p-tert-butylphenol with formaldehyde and α-naphthol with formaldehyde have been synthesized, and infrared spectra have been observed in solid and in solutions. The following conclusions have been obtained concerning band assignments and the polymer structures.
(1) p-tert-Butylphenol polymer is a linear chain polymer connected with the methylene bridge, and O–H bonds restrict each other by a strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This hydrogen bonding is partly loosened in a benzene and carbon tetrachloride solution, but not in an acetone solution.
(2) With p-tert-butylphenol polymer the bands at 1425 and 1205 cm−1 are assigned to the deformation vibration of the O–H bond coupled with the C–O stretching vibration. Out-of-plane O–H bending is considered to give rise to the bands in the 550 to 500 cm−1 region, and the bands at 548 and 520 cm−1 are assumed to be concerned with those vibrations.
(3) The O–H bond in α-naphthol polymer is bound by an intramolecular hydrogen bonding in solid, but in solution almost all the O–H bonds are liberated from the H–bonding. The polymer is considered to be a linear chain molecule whose O–H bonds can only with difficulty interact with each other to make an intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
(4) In-plane O–H deformation vibration coupled with C–O stretching vibration of α-naphthol polymer gives rise to the bands at 1385 or 1357 and 1176 cm−1. The bands at 560 cm−1 may be concerned in out-of-plane O–H bending vibration.
Equilibria in the PdS–H2–Pd4S–H2S and Pd4S–H2–Pd–H2S Systems
Authors: Niwa Kichizo , Yokokawa Toshio , Isoya Toshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Equilibrium measurements were carried out by a streaming method on the systems of palladium sulfides and of hydrogen-hydrogen sulfide gaseous mixtures. From the results, the dissociation pressures of PdS and Pd4S were calculated, and the free energies of the formation of PdS2, PdS and Pd4S from palladium metal and sulfur diatomic gas were obtained.
Polarography of Pyridine N-Oxide and its Alkyl Derivatives
Authors: Kubota Tanekazu , Miyazaki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarographic behavior of pyridine, 4-methylpyridine and 4-ethylpyridine N-oxides has been investigated. The reduction wave of these N-oxides decreases rapidly with the increasing pH value in pH values above 5 and disappears in alkali. It was clearly shown by the polarographic and spectroscopic investigations that the main reason for this phenomenon is the kinetic current. Quantitative treatment of the pH-dependence of the limiting current was also carried out.
On Glumamycin, a New Antibiotic. IV. The Amino Acid Moiety
Authors: Inoue Michitaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Separatory determination was conducted on the seven amino acids contained in glumamycin. By the Moore-Stein method and by paper chromatography of the DNP-derivatives of the amino acids, 4 mol. of aspartic acid (including α(l, β-methylaspartic acid), 2 mol. each of glycine and α, β-diaminobutyric acid, and 1 mol. each of valine, pipecolic acid and proline were detected. Also, investigation was made into the free amino group of this antibiotic.
The hydrolysate of DNP-glumamycin showed one yellow spot at Rf 0.68, which spot turned purple with ninhydrin.
Compared these results with paper chromatogram of partially dinitrophenylated α, β-diaminobutyric acid, it was assumed that the β-amino group of one of the acids, is free, that the α-amino group participates in the peptide linkage in glumamycin, and that both amino groups of another α, β-diaminobutyric acid take part in the peptide linkage.
Adsorption Characteristics of 60Co-ions towards Polystyrene Treated with Sulfuric Acid Relative to Radioactive Decontamination
Authors: Seimiya Tsutomu , Sasaki Tsunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The adsorption of cobalt ions by polystyrene treated with sulfuric acid was measured using the radiotracer technique. We also studied the type of adsorption of the cobalt ions by polystyrene, with or without sulfuric acid treatment, by observing the rate of desorption by the use of several rinsing liquids. It was confirmed that, although cobalt ion adsorption on an untreated surface is much less than that on a treated surface, the former is rather harder to remove by rinsing than the latter, regardless of the nature of the rinsing liquid.
Dissolution and Anion Exchange Behavior of the Rare Earth Elements in Potassium and Ammonium Carbonate Solutions
Authors: Taketatsu Tomitsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The amounts of rare earth elements dissolved in potassium and ammonium carbonate solutions of various concentrations have been determined. These amounts increase with the increase in the concentration of the carbonate and also with the increase in atomic number, except for cerium, yttrium and scandium. When the precipitates of the rare earth elements were completely dissolved in carbonate solutions more concentrated than a certain known concentration, the distribution coefficients, Kd, of the rare earth carbonate ions between an anion exchange resin of a carbonate form and potassium or ammonium carbonate solutions of various concentrations were determined. The values of Kd increased both with the decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions and with the increasing atomic number of the rare earth elements. Since the slopes of the curve log Kd vs. log(CO32−) in a potassium carbonate solution are found to be almost the same value for all the rare earth elements investigated, it has been concluded that the soluble complex of rare earth elements possesses an identical negative charge.
Electronic Interactions between Molecules and Atoms (Radicals) Involving Excited States
Authors: Mori Yuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the first section, the chemical reactivity of conjugated molecules toward a radical attack has been explained. The index of chemical reactivity for a radical attack can be represented in terms of polarizability (πrrS, πrrT) and of γr, which is similar to the superdelocalizability for a radical attack. The role of the lowest triplet states of molecules in a radical reaction has been discussed.
Secondly, the quenching of excited (2P) sodium was discussed. It has been concluded that the quenching cross-section is determined by the symmetry character of the lowest electron-transfer state and by the electron affinity of the molecule.