bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The KKK won't let me play: ostracism even by a despised outgroup hurts
Authors: Gonsalkorale Karen , Williams Kipling D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPrevious research has shown that ostracism even by outgroup members is aversive. In this study we examined whether ostracism by a particular type of outgroup, a despised outgroup, was sufficient to inflict emotional distress. We manipulated ostracism using Cyberball, an on‐line ball toss game. Ostracized participants reported lower levels of belonging, self‐esteem, control, and meaningful existence, and more negative mood, than included participants. Moreover, ostracism by despised outgroup members was no less aversive than ostracism by rival outgroup or ingroup members. Participants differentiated between the groups, however; ostracized individuals reported greater outgroup negativity than included participants only when their co‐players were members of the despised outgroup. We interpret these results as evidence for the powerful impact of ostracism and the potential importance of distinguishing between qualitatively different outgroups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the relationship between responsibility and guilt: antecedent appraisal or elaborated appraisal?
Authors: Berndsen Mariëtte , Manstead Antony S. R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThree studies are reported in which we examined the relation between responsibility and guilt. Results from Study 1 suggested that responsibility increased as a function of guilt, but that the reverse relation did not emerge. In the second and third studies we primed either responsibility or guilt and examined how these primes influenced subsequent appraisals for novel events. We also used different manipulations of responsibility and guilt. In Study 2 guilt was operationalized as negative interpersonal consequences as evidenced by the reactions of others. Responsibility was varied by manipulating the controllability of negative outcomes. In Study 3 responsibility was manipulated in terms of the severity of negative consequences for oneself. Results of both studies showed that guilt primes gave rise to perceptions of responsibility but that responsibility primes did not affect perceptions of guilt. We conclude that responsibility is best regarded as an elaborated appraisal generated by guilt, rather than an antecedent of guilt. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seroprevalence atlas of infections with oncogenic and non‐oncogenic human papillomaviruses in Finland in the 1980s and 1990s
Authors: Lehtinen Matti , Kaasila Marjo , Pasanen Kari , Patama Toni , Palmroth Johanna , Laukkanen Päivi , Pukkala Eero , Koskela Pentti 
Published: September 2006

AbstractVaccines against high‐risk (hr) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) causing cervical cancer may soon be licensed. Thus, nature of HPV epidemics needs to be studied now. Random sampling for studies on HPV epidemiology was done from all 230,998 women belonging to the population‐based Finnish Maternity Cohort and having a minimum of 2 pregnancies between 1983 and 1994. First pregnancy serum specimens were retrieved for 7,805 subjects, and were analyzed for antibodies to HPV6/11, 16 and 18 with standard ELISAs. HPV16 seroprevalence almost doubled from the 1980s to the 1990s, and the epidemic spread to new areas in 23–31 year olds, i.e. the bulk of pregnant female population in the southwest part of the country. The HPV16 epidemic in the 14–22 year olds in 1983–1988 (1961–1974 birth cohorts) and in the 23–31 year olds in 1989–1994 (1958–1971 birth cohorts) overlapped with strong clustering of HPV16 and HPV18 infections in the latter (odds ratio 8.0, 95% confidence interval 6.6–9.7). Similar clustering of HPV16 and HPV6/11 infections was not found. The epidemic and the clustering may be due to high transmission probability of the hrHPV types and increase in sexual activity of the index birth cohorts. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wnt signaling promoter hypermethylation distinguishes lung primary adenocarcinomas from colorectal metastasis to the lung
Authors: Tang Moying , Torres‐Lanzas Juan , Lopez‐Rios Fernando , Esteller Manel , Sanchez‐Cespedes Montserrat 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPromoter hypermethylation is responsible for gene inactivation during carcinogenesis. It has been proposed that there is some degree of specificity in the set of genes that become altered by this mechanism in distinct tumor types. To understand whether promoter hypermethylation may differentiate the site of origin, 49 lung adenocarcinomas from 31 lung primaries and 18 metastases from colorectal primaries, respectively, were tested for the presence of this alteration in the APC, CDH1, DAPK, GSTP1, MLH1, MGMT, P14, P16, RARβ2, RASSF1, sFRP1 and WIF‐1 genes. A distinct profile was apparent for the 2 groups of lung tumors and the frequencies of promoter hypermethylation at sFRP1 and WIF‐1, 2 genes involved in Wnt signaling, and at CDH1 were significantly higher in colorectal metastases than in lung primaries, whereas methylation of the APC promoter was significantly more common in lung primary adenocarcinomas. Some tumors showed concomitant APC, sFRP1 and WIF‐1 gene inactivation, indicating that multiple DNA methylation events must have occurred to definitively down‐regulate the signaling through Wnt. However, promoter hypermethylation at the APC and CDH1 genes tended to be mutually exclusive (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.006), suggesting a similar role in carcinogenesis. In conclusion, we propose that inactivation by promoter hypermethylation at the APC, CDH1, sFRP1 and WIF‐1 genes may contribute to the discrimination of lung primary adenocarcinomas from colorectal metastasis to the lung, and report the simultaneous presence of methylation at the promoters of multiple genes involved in the Wnt signaling. This may have biological consequences for carcinogenesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urinary biomarker profiling in transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Munro Nicholas P. , Cairns David A. , Clarke Paul , Rogers Mark , Stanley Anthea J. , Barrett Jennifer H. , Harnden Patricia , Thompson Douglas , Eardley Ian , Banks Rosamonde E. , Knowles Margaret A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUrinary biomarkers or profiles that allow noninvasive detection of recurrent transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder are urgently needed. We obtained duplicate proteomic (SELDI) profiles from 227 subjects (118 TCC, 77 healthy controls and 32 controls with benign urological conditions) and used linear mixed effects models to identify peaks that are differentially expressed between TCC and controls and within TCC subgroups. A Random Forest classifier was trained on 130 profiles to develop an algorithm to predict the presence of TCC in a randomly selected initial test set (n = 54) and an independent validation set (n = 43) several months later. Twenty two peaks were differentially expressed between all TCC and controls (p < 10−7). However potential confounding effects of age, sex and analytical run were identified. In an age‐matched sub‐set, 23 peaks were differentially expressed between TCC and combined benign and healthy controls at the 0.005 significance level. Using the Random Forest classifier, TCC was predicted with 71.7% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity in the initial set and with 78.3% sensitivity and 65.0% specificity in the validation set after 6 months, compared with controls. Several peaks of importance were also identified in the linear mixed effects model. We conclude that SELDI profiling of urine samples can identify patients with TCC with comparable sensitivities and specificities to current tumor marker tests. This is the first time that reproducibility has been demonstrated on an independent test set analyzed several months later. Identification of the relevant peaks may facilitate multiplex marker assay development for detection of recurrent disease. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved HSV‐1 amplicon packaging using virion host shutoff mutants lacking mRNAse activity
Authors: Halterman M. W. , Giuliano R. E. , Bowers W. J. , Federoff H. J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGiven their generous transgene capacity and inherent neurotropism, herpes simplex virus (HSV‐1)‐based viral vectors are promising tools for gene delivery to the central nervous system. Despite their widespread pre‐clinical use, vector toxicity remains a concern with regard to the use of herpes vectors in humans. One potential source of toxicity stems from the tegument‐associated virion host shutoff protein (vhs), which induces translational arrest in the host cell through non‐specific mRNAse activity. In the current study we utilized a series of HSV‐1 viruses containing a deletion in the UL41 open reading frame to investigate: (1) the requirement of intact vhs function in amplicon packaging and (2) whether vhs influences the post‐transduction survival of dissociated cortical neurons. Our results demonstrate that while amplicon yield was reduced an order of magnitude, UL41 deletion was associated with reduced vector toxicity. Furthermore, partial reconstitution of vhs function using mRNAse‐inactive point mutants improved amplicon titers without imparting the toxicity observed with wild‐type controls. These findings offer a novel approach to improving the titer and toxicity profiles of HSV‐based viral vectors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching but not learning: how medical residency programs handle errors
Authors: Hoff Timothy J. , Pohl Henry , Bartfield Joel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis study examines how easily organizations with pluralistic missions enact those missions on an everyday basis. A teaching‐focused organization located in the health care industry is explored for its ability to also pursue a learning‐focused mission with respect to medical errors and patient safety. Extended observations and interviews were conducted of attending and resident physicians working in surgical and medical intensive care unit settings. The results suggest that the everyday work and social organization associated with residency programs fulfilling their core mission of creating competent clinicians leave little room for new or alternative routines, exchanges, and beliefs that would enhance resident learning around safety and error. This supports the idea, in need of further investigation, that multiple missions within an organization may be pursued jointly at the workplace level through a process whereby existing work and social organization effectively meeting one type of mission is used to help meet the goals of additional imperatives. Specifically, the findings highlight the difficulty of establishing new routines, beliefs, and exchanges to heighten organization learning capacity that are not derived from existing forms of behavior within the work environment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality improvement and hospital financial performance
Authors: Alexander Jeffrey A. , Weiner Bryan J. , Griffith John 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the association between the scope and intensity of Quality improvement (QI) implementation in hospitals and organizational performance. A sample of 1,784 community hospitals was used to assess relationships between QI implementation approach and two hospital‐level performance indicators: cash flow and cost per case. Two‐stage instrumental variables estimation, in which predicted values (instruments) of eight QI intensity and scope variables plus control (exogenous) variables were used to estimate hospital‐level performance indicators. Our results suggest that QI has a measurable impact on global measures of organizational performance and that both control and leaning approaches to QI matter in these settings. Hospitals that implement QI effectively can reasonably expect to improve their financial and cost performance, or at least not place the hospital at risk for investing in quality improvement. These outcomes are specific to QI strategies that emphasize both control and learning. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Civic minded: Programs for youths focus on community
Authors: Yu Hanh Cao , Lewis‐Charp Heather 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRecognizing that young people strongly want to make civic contributions, a number of youth leadership development programs have expanded their focus from the individual to the community level. The thinking is that involvement in their communities not only helps youths build leadership skills but also enables them to expand their knowledge of and access to resources within those communities. How well are such programs working?
Patient selection and assessment recommendations for deep brain stimulation in Tourette syndrome
Authors: Mink Jonathan W. , Walkup John , Frey Kirk A. , Como Peter , Cath Danielle , DeLong Mahlon R. , Erenberg Gerald , Jankovic Joseph , Juncos Jorge , Leckman James F. , Swerdlow Neal , Visser‐Vandewalle Veerle , Vitek Jerrold L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn response to recent publicity regarding the potential use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for reducing tic severity in Tourette's syndrome (TS), the Tourette Syndrome Association convened a group of TS and DBS experts to develop recommendations to guide the early use and potential clinical trials of DBS for TS and other tic disorders. The goals of these recommendations are to ensure that all surgical candidates are (1) fully informed about the risks, benefits, and alternative treatments available; (2) receive a comprehensive evaluation before surgery to ensure that DBS is clearly the appropriate clinical treatment choice; and (3) that early clinical experience will be documented publicly to facilitate rational decision‐making for both clinical care and future clinical trials. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Effect of daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor performance in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Rothwell John C. , Shawky Ola A. , Ahmed Mohamed A. , Hamdy Ahmed 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPrevious studies in patients with Parkinson's disease have reported that a single session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve some or all of the motor symptoms for 30 to 60 minutes. A recent study suggested that repeated sessions of rTMS lead to effects that can last for at least 1 month. Here we report data that both confirm and extend this work. Fifty‐five unmedicated PD patients were classified into four groups: two groups (early and late PD) received 25 Hz rTMS bilaterally on the motor arm and leg areas; other groups acted as control for frequency (10 Hz) and for site of stimulation (occipital stimulation). All patients received six consecutive daily sessions (3,000 pulses for each session). The first two groups then received a further three booster sessions (3 consecutive days of rTMS) after 1, 2, and 3 months, while the third group had only one additional session after the first month. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), walking time, key‐tapping speed, and self‐assessment scale were measured for each patient before and after each rTMS session and before and after the monthly sessions. Compared to occipital stimulation, 25 Hz rTMS over motor areas improved all measures in both early and late groups; the group that received 10 Hz rTMS improved more than the occipital group but less than the 25 Hz groups. The effect built up gradually during the sessions and was maintained for 1 month after, with a slight reduction in efficacy. Interestingly, the effect was restored and maintained for the next month by the booster sessions. We conclude that 25 Hz rTMS can lead to cumulative and long‐lasting effects on motor performance. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Reversible Parkinsonism and T1W pallidal hyperintensities in acute liver failure
Authors: Aggarwal Annu , Vaidya Sachin , Shah Samir , Singh Joshita , Desai Shrinivas , Bhatt Mohit 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report on a young woman who survived acute liver failure (ALF) without liver transplant. During the ALF, she developed a disabling, levodopa‐unresponsive, symmetrical Parkinsonism. This was characterized by severe bradykinesia, mild rigidity, mutism, and prominent gait impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral T1W pallidal hyperintensities. Parkinsonism and MRI changes remitted in parallel with normalization of hepatic function. We implicate excessive pallidal manganese deposition secondary to ALF in the pathogenesis of this neuroradiological syndrome. Though hitherto unreported, we propose that Parkinsonism with T1W pallidal hyperintensities may not be uncommon in ALF. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Neuromotor deficits in children with the 22q11 deletion syndrome
Authors: Sobin Christina , Monk Samantha H. , Kiley‐Brabeck Karen , Khuri Jananne , Karayiorgou Maria 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe 22q11 chromosomal deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with a heterogeneous physical phenotype, neurocognitive deficits, and increased risk of later psychiatric illness. Sporadic clinical reports suggested motor differences, but quantitative studies of movement in children with 22q11DS are rare. If present in a majority of affected school‐age children, characterization of neuromotor deficits may prove to be critical for intervention, neurocognitive test interpretation, and understanding etiology. We administered the Movement Assessment Battery for Children to 72 children ages 4.3 to 16.1, including 49 children confirmed positive for the 22q11 deletion and 23 control siblings. We predicted a higher frequency of global and domain impairment in manual dexterity, eye–hand coordination, and balance among affected children. Ninety‐four percent of affected children had marked neuromotor deficits, and group scores differed broadly for both global and subarea measures. Secondary analyses showed no impairment differences between younger and older children with 22q11DS, and longitudinal trajectories for 12 affected children suggested stability of deficits over 3‐year intervals. Neuromotor deficits in children with 22q11DS occur early in development, continue throughout the school‐age years, should be considered in the interpretation of motor‐based achievement and IQ tests, and require targeted and ongoing remediation throughout childhood and adolescence. Further studies examining the specificity of motor impairment to 22q11DS are needed. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Side and type of motor symptom influence cognition in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Katzen Heather L. , Levin Bonnie E. , Weiner William 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIt is well known that many patients with Parkinson's disease experience neuropsychological decline. However, the nature and extent of mental status change varies widely, with some patients showing mild or no cognitive impairments and others exhibiting frank dementia. Research has shown that several clinical disease parameters may differentially correlate with patterns of neuropsychological dysfunction. The present study examined side and type of motor symptom at disease onset and their relationship to cognition in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We identified 58 patients who initially presented with one of the following symptom profiles: right‐side tremor onset (RSO‐T; n = 15), right‐side bradykinesia/rigidity onset (n = 12), left‐side tremor onset (n = 19), and left‐side bradykinesia/rigidity onset (n = 12). There were no differences between groups in disease duration, overall mental status, education, or depression severity. We administered a battery of neuropsychological measures to the four PD subgroups and a group of matched control subjects (n = 40). MANCOVAs controlling for age revealed patients with RSO‐T performed significantly better than the other three PD subgroups across the entire neuropsychological battery. Further, the RSO‐T subgroup performed comparably to controls. In contrast, the other three PD subgroups showed widespread cognitive deficits. These findings suggest an intricate relationship between motor symptom and side of disease onset and it is the combination of these factors that may influence the disease course and extent of cognitive deterioration. Furthermore, patients who develop tremor on the right side of their body represent a distinct subgroup of PD patients who exhibit relative sparing of cognitive function. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Cardiac [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for vascular Parkinsonism
Authors: Kim Joong‐Seok , Lee Phil‐Hyu , Lee Kwang‐Soo , Park Jeong‐Wook , Kim Yeong‐In , Chung Yong‐An , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Kim Seung‐Hyun , Kim Juhan , Choi Yun‐Young , Kim Hee‐Tae 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate cardiac [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) who develop clinical symptoms of vascular Parkinsonism (VP). A total of 19 consecutive patients who developed Parkinsonism during the course of their CVD were enrolled in the study; 16 age‐matched subjects, and 30 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were also evaluated with cardiac MIBG uptake. MIBG uptake was assessed using the ratio of the heart to the upper mediastinum (H/M) according to planar scintigraphic data. The mean H/M ratio was significantly higher in patients with VP than in those with PD (2.28 ± 0.41 vs. 1.27 ± 0.13; P < 0.001). MIBG uptake did not differ between VP and controls (2.46 ± 0.33; P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that myocardial postganglionic sympathetic dysfunction found in PD is absent in most patients with VP. MIBG single photon emission computed tomography imaging may be useful to help distinguish between PD and VP patients in clinical practice. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Assessing fear of falling: Can a short version of the Activities‐specific Balance Confidence scale be useful?
Authors: Peretz Chava , Herman Talia , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Giladi Nir 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe present the process of further validation of the 16‐item Activities‐specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC‐16) and a short version (ABC‐6) derived by us, to assess balance confidence and fear of falling (FOF). The ABC‐16 was administrated to three groups who were anticipated to have a range of balance confidence: 70 patients with higher level gait disorders (HLGDs), 68 healthy controls, and 19 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Item reduction was based on identifying items with the lowest scores (high FOF) among the patients. Internal consistency and discriminative validity were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and logistic regression, respectively. The intraclass correlation (ICC) between the short and long versions was assessed using a mixed model approach, accounting for the difference between the scores of the two versions. Six items were found to reflect the most frightening conditions, especially in the patient groups, and to form the short version (ABC‐6). Internal consistency of the ABC‐16 and ABC‐6 were high in the three groups: Cronbach's alpha was between 0.83 and 0.91 and 0.81 and 0.90, respectively. Compared to the control group, the sensitivity of the ABC‐16 was 96% for identification of patients with HLGDs (greatest FOF) and 58% for identification of PDs (moderate FOF), based only on the ABC scores. Similar values were obtained for the short version, i.e., 91% for HLGDs and 53% for PDs. ICCs between the short and the long versions was 0.88 (HLGDs), 0.83 (PDs), and 0.78 (Controls). To conclude, the short version of the ABC has properties analogous to the parent questionnaire and is apparently useful in assessing FOF. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society