bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Excess Gibbs Energies of Binary Mixtures Using Non-randomness Factors Determined from Excess Volume Data
Authors: Kato Masanao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An analytical equation for the excess Gibbs energies of mixtures was derived on the basis of the non-random two-liquid model, which was applied to the derivation of an analytical equation for excess volumes proposed by the present author. The derived equation involves new adjustable parameters of intermolecular interaction. The validity of the equation was examined for 13 binary mixtures by using the non-randomness factors determined from the excess volume data, and it was shown that the calculated excess Gibbs energies were in good agreement with the observed values. The sequence of the values of the interaction parameters seems to be reasonable.
The Structure of the Cyclodextrin Complex. XIII. Crystal Structure of β-Cyclodextrin–1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Complex Tridecahydrate
Authors: Harata Kazuaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of β-cyclodextrin–1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane complex tridecahydrate was determined by the X-ray method. The crystal is monoclinic with the space group P21, Z=2, a=15.395(2), b=16.598(1), c=15.441(2) Å, and β=117.35(1)°. The structure was solved by inspection of a Patterson map and a trial-and-error method combined with the rigid-body least-squares technique and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method to the final R-value of 0.048 for 5649 reflections (sinθ⁄λ&lt;0.61). The β-cyclodextrin molecule is in the shape of a distorted and truncated heptagonal pyramid. Two of seven primary hydroxyl groups are in a gauche-trans conformation, the others being in a gauche-gauche conformation. Secondary hydroxyl groups form intramolecular hydrogen bonds between adjacent glucose residues. The guest 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is almost fully included in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. Its methylene groups are in van der Waals contact with the methine groups and the glycosidic oxygen atoms at the interior surface of β-cyclodextrin, while two nitrogen atoms form hydrogen bonds with a water molecule and a secondary hydroxyl group of the neighboring β-cyclodextrin. β-Cyclodextrin molecules are arranged nearly parallel to the crystallographic ac plane to form a corrugated sheet of molecular layer. All of the thirteen water molecules fill vacant spaces between the molecular layers, forming a hydrogen-bond network in the crystal.
New Potent Neuroleptic Drugs of Benzamide Derivatives. I. Crystal and Molecular Structure of N-[(2RS, 3RS)-1-Benzyl-2-methyl-3-pyrrolidinyl]-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methylaimnobenzamide
Authors: Furuya Toshio , Iwanami Sumio , Takenaka Akio , Sasada Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound has been determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P21/c, a=11.694(1) Å, b=12.117(1) Å, c=14.482(1) Å, β=100.01(1)°, and Z=4. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by a block-diagonal least-squares procedure to a final R value of 0.082. An intramolecular hydrogen bond between the amide nitrogen and the methoxyl oxygen atoms forms a new six-membered ring fused with the benzene ring. Structural features are discussed in relation to neuroleptic activity.
Phase Transition in Concentrated Latices and the Electrical Double Layer on Their Surfaces
Authors: Furusawa Kunio , Yamashita Satoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phase diagrams of monodisperse latices were constructed under the various conditions. The variable of the phase diagrams, the particle size, the surface charge densities of the latices, the counter-ion valences, and the medium temperature were taken up. The results, especially, the coexistent/ordered boundary curves were analysed in terms of the closed packing of the effective particle volumes which consisted of the latex particles which were surrounded by the electrical double layer. The value of 1.5 kT ergs of electrical repulsion, when used as a criterion in the DLVO potential to back-calculate the weight fraction of solid contents as a function of KCl concentration, yields a curve that is very similar to the experimental boundary curve. The same agreement was found in the curves mapped out for the other latices with a different particle size and a different surface charge density using KCl as an electrolyte. In the boundary curve constructed using MgCl2, however, the agreement with the analyses was not enough where the divalent cation would be adsorbed preferentially on their surfaces as a Stern layer charge. The temperature effect could be reasonably explained by the same procedure.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds Using Formic Acid
Authors: Watanabe Yoshihisa , Ohta Tetsuo , Tsuji Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Carbonyl compounds were hydrogenated to the corresponding alcohols in excellent yields using formic acid with a ruthenium complex at 125 °C for 3 h. 2-Propanone was reduced to 2-propanol by RuCl2(PPh3)3–HCOOH system in 94% yield with 98% selectivity. 3-Pentanone, cyclohexanone, acetophenone, and propiophenone were hydrogenated to the corresponding alcohols in 86, 78, 84, and 86% yields respectively. The ketone having the bulkier alkyl groups showed lower reactivity. The catalytic activity was found to decrease in the order RuCl2(PPh3)3, RuHCl(PPh3)3, RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3, and RuH2(PPh3)4.
Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions and Intramolecular Ene Reactions of 2-(Alkenyloxy)benzaldehyde Arylhydrazones
Authors: Shimizu Tomio , Hayashi Yoshiyuki , Kitora Yoshitaka , Teramura Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-(3-Aryl-2-propenyloxy)benzaldehyde (or 1-naphthaldehyde) arylhydrazones undergo an intramolecular cycloaddition reaction via their 1,3-dipolar tautomers, azomethine imines, to the alkenyl group. Initial cycloadducts were converted to dehydrogenated compounds under the reaction conditions. On the other hand, introduction of cyano or ethoxycarbonyl groups instead of the aryl group into 3-position of the ortho propenyloxy group gave 3-cyanomethyl-4-chromanone arylhydrazones or the corresponding ethoxycarbonyl derivatives, respectively. The formation of these hydrazones was interpreted in terms of intramolecular ene reaction. The course of the reactions depends on the nature of the alkenyl substituents.
Restricted Rotation Involving the Tetrahedral Carbon. XLIII. Buttressing Effect on Rotational Barriers in Bromine-substituted 9-(2-Methoxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)fluorenes
Authors: Aoki Masahiro , Nakamura Mikio , Oki Michinori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
9-(2-Methoxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)fluorenes carrying one or two bromo groups on the phenyl ring were prepared and the buttressing effect on the rotational barrier about the C9–Cph bond were investigated. The free energies of activation for rotation were 26.5, 25.9, and 27.2 kcal/mol at 56 °C for 3-bromo, 5-bromo, and 3,5-dibromo compounds, respectively. The buttressing effect was enhanced when the bromo group was next to the methoxyl group relative to that given to the methyl group. The results were attributed to the fact that a methoxyl group, which gives its steric effect by the oxygen atom in the normal cases, has to take conformations, not coplanar with the phenyl ring, caused by the presence of the bromo group.
The Influence of Molecular Conformation on the Electronic Relaxation Processes. Biphenyl in Solution
Authors: Fujii Tsuneo , Komatsu Shigeru , Suzuki Satoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fluorescence spectra of biphenyl in an isopentane and methylcyclohexane mixture, in propylene glycol, and in glycerol have been observed as a function of temperature and excitation wavelength. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence spectra is interpreted in terms of the intramolecular geometric relaxation. The fluorescence spectra of biphenyl have been observed in various solvents at room temperature. The Ham effect was found in the biphenyl fluorescence.
The Interaction of a Neutral Polymer with Small Ions in Solution. II. The Binding of Alkali Metal Ions to Poly(oxyethylene) in Several Organic Solvents
Authors: Awano Hiroshi , Ono Katsumichi , Murakami Kenkichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conductivities for several solutions of alkali metal salts, such as potassium thiocyanate, containing poly(oxyethylene) (POE) have been measured as functions of the POE concentration, Cp. A decrease in the conductivity with an increase in Cp has been observed, particularly in methanol, acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, and sulfolane. For these systems, the binding of the cation has been evaluated from the decrease in conductivity and analyzed by a method based on the one-dimensional lattice model. As well as the solvent effects, the effects of the salt concentration and the effect of the alteration of salt on the binding constant have been discussed.
The Conversion of Methanol into Hydrocarbons over Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid
Authors: Baba Toshihide , Sakai Junya , Watanabe Hideki , Ono Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dodecatungstophosphoric acid (TPA) is a very effective catalyst for the conversion of methanol into hydrocarbons. The effects of the reaction parameters, such as the temperature or the methanol partial pressure, were therefore examined. The kinetic features of the conversion over TPA are quite different from those over ZSM-5 zeolites. This difference is caused by the unique nature of the conversion over TPA; methanol molecules are sorbed and undergo the conversion in the bulk of solid TPA.
Syntheses of Sodium-Calcium Zeolites at Atmospheric Pressure and 80 °C. I. Reagents Used: Na4SiO4, Al(OH)3, Ca(NO3)2
Authors: Katsuki Kazuko , Majima Kyunosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sodium-calcium zeolite minerals were synthesized in an electric oven at 80 °C for 1–5 weeks from suspensions of a suitable combination of the starting materials, which had a chemical composition of 2nNa2O·2CaO·Al2O3·nSiO2·xH2O(4≤n≤20, x=83–610). All of the synthetic products were obtained as massive products in the gel. X-Ray and IR analyses and a quantitative analysis of the principal ingredients showed these massive products to be well-crystallized hydroxycancrinites which contained 0–4.9% calcium oxide.
Sublimation Behavior of Actinoid Chelates of 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione
Authors: Amano Ryohei , Sato Akiko , Suzuki Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Vacuum sublimation-recrystallizing temperatures were determined for a tracer amount of actinoid chelates of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione in order to obtain information about their sublimation behavior. The influence of the amount of sample (in tracer scale or in milligram scale) on its sublimation-recrystallizing temperature was also examined. The sublimation-recrystallizing zone temperature of the tracer amount of chelate was lower than that of the milligram amount. In addition, the sublimation-recrystallizing zone temperatures of the actinoid chelates were found to be in the following sequence: UO22+&gt;Am(III), Cm(III)&gt;Th(IV), Np(IV), Pu(IV)&gt;Cf(III). These results suggest that the sublimation technique can be applied to separate the actinoid elements in a carrier-free state.
Stepwise Reduction of Samarium and Ytterbium in the Polarographic Reduction Process in the Presence of 1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxacyclooctadecane
Authors: Yamana Hajimu , Mitsugashira Toshiaki , Shiokawa Yoshinobu , Suzuki Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polarographic reduction of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb was investigated in the aqueous solutions containing 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-CROWN-6). It is shown that Sm(III) and Yb(III) are reduced stepwisely via the divalent state in the presence of 18-CROWN-6. The divalent state is stabilized by the complex formation with 18-CROWN-6.
The Oxidation Behavior of Various Organic Compounds on the Determination of Chemical-oxygen Demand by Means of Flow-injection Analysis with Acidic Permanganate
Authors: Korenaga Takashi , Ikatsu Hisayoshi , Moriwake Tosio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Forty-five organic compounds have been oxidized with an acidic permanganate solution under various oxidation conditions. In an attempt to determine the standard substance for chemical oxygen demand (COD), their oxidation behavior is analyzed in detail with respect to the reaction temperature and the reaction time by means of flow-injection analysis using ammonium iron(II) sulfate as the internal standard. The compounds used are classified into three groups according to the oxidation values obtained by the standard CODMn method. The results show that the compounds with oxidation values of more than 50% are easily oxidized with acidic permanganate, even under relatively mild conditions; those with oxidation values of 5–50% are severely influenced by the reaction temperature and the reaction time, and those with oxidation values of less than 5% are seldom oxidized at below 100 °C or for less than 30 min. As a standard substance for COD, it has been established that a mixture of the compounds has to be properly chosen from the aforementioned three groups according to the oxidation behavior of the water sample. The addition of silver nitrate to the oxidation system accelerates the oxidation reaction with acidic permanganate, whereas that of phosphoric acid suppresses the oxidation of organic compounds.
A Comparative Study on the Synthesis and Ion-exchange Behaviour of Tin(IV) Salts of Different Heteropolyanions. Separations of Metal Ions on Tin(IV) Boratomolybdate Columns
Authors: Ashfaq Nabi Syed , Siddiqi Zia Mahmood , Farooqi Wajahat Umar 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various samples of tin(IV) boratomolybdate, tin(IV) boratotungstate, tin(IV) boratophosphate, tin(IV) arsenatoborate and tin(IV) boratosulfate has been synthesized by mixing aqueous solutions of appropriate reagents in different volume ratios at pH=1. One of the samples of tin(IV) boratomolybdate has been studied in greater detail for its ion-exchange capacity, thermal and chemical stability, pH-titration and chemical composition. A comparison of few properties of tin(IV) boratomolybdate has been made with other tin(IV) salts of different heteropolyanions. Distribution coefficients of 24 metal ions on tin(IV) boratomolybdate in water, nitric acid, water–dioxane, and nitric acid–dioxane systems have been determined. The effect of temperature on the sorption behaviour of metal ions has also been studied. It has been found that Kd value increases in general with the increase in temperature. The differential selectivity of metal ions on tin(IV) boratomolybdate reveals that tin(IV) boratomolybdate is a useful ion exchanger for the separation of metal ions. As a result ten important separations have been quantitatively achieved on the columns of this ion-exchange material.
The Promotion Effect of Rare Earth Oxides on the Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide over Rh–Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Takita Yusaku , Yoko-o Tamiyasu , Egashira Naoyoshi , Hori Fumiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The addition of Dy2O3, Nd2O3, Yb2O3, La2O3, or Gd2O3 to the Rh–Al2O3 catalyst enhanced the activity of the hydrogenation of CO to methane. There was the linear relationship between the carbon skeleton propagation of the hydrocarbons formed and the basicity of the rare earth oxides.
The Color Isomerism of Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes with Tetradentate Schiff Base
Authors: Kasuga Kuninobu , Nagahara Takeo , Yamamoto Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An oxovanadium(IV) complex with N,N′-bis(1-methyl-2-bromo-3-oxobutylidene)ethylenediamine gave green and yellow forms in the solid state, depending upon the solvents used for recrystallization. A polymeric structure was proposed for the yellow form.
Substitution Reaction of In-plane Ligand in Bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(II) Complex with N,N′-Disalicylideneethylenediamine
Authors: Mita Keisuke , Hotta Kazuhiko , Watanabe Shoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A spectrophotometric study of the reaction Co(dmgH)2+salenH2→Co(salen)+2 dmgH2, in which dmgH2 is dimethylglyoxime and salenH2 is N,N′-disalicylideneethylenediamine, was carried out in methanol at 22 °C. The reaction rate decreased with increased amounts of added pyridine, and reached a stationary value at the molar ratio [pyridine]/[Co(dmgH)2]=1. The form of the rate expression was d[Co(salen)]/dt=k[Co(dmgH)2] where the rate constant k=0.023 min−1.
CIDNP Studies of the Oxidation of N-(p-Tolylsulfonyl)-N′-triphenylmethylhydrazine
Authors: Yoshida Masato , Yano Akira , Kobayashi Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 13C-CIDNP spectra were observed during the oxidation of N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-N′-triphenylmethylhydrazine. The formation of sulfone and sulfinic ester as recombination products in a solvent cage was established from the signs of polarization.
Information Chemistry and Molecular Evolution of Protein. Evolutionary Tree of Calmodulin
Authors: Iida Yôichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The amino acid sequences of calmodulin, one of calcium-binding proteins, taken from bovine brain, scallop, sea anemone, and tetrahymena were compared to examine its molecular evolution. By the use of maximum parsimony method, its evolutionary tree was constructed, It was found that this protein has changed much more slowly than have such proteins as cytochrome c.
Anormalous Halogen to Dimethylamino Replacement with N,N-Dimethylformamide Catalyzed by Ethylenediamine or 2-Aminoethanol
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1- And 2-chloroanthraquinone and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-hydroxypyrimidine exclusively gave the dimethylamino derivatives upon heating in DMF at 90 °C in the presence of ethylenediamine or ethanolamine. A possible reaction pathway for this unusual exchange reaction was discussed.
Copper(II) Halide Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Olefins Involving Dehydrobromination of Bromomalonic Ester by Amine
Authors: Kawabata Nariyoshi , Yanao Shinji , Yoshida Jun-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of olefins with bromomalonic ester and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) proceeded in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) halide to give 1,1-bis(alkoxycarbonyl)cyclopropane derivatives. DBU was converted into DBU-hydrobromide during the reaction. The reaction was electrophilic and proceeded nonstereospecifically.
Phase Transitions of the 1 : 2 Complex of N-Ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium and 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethan, MEM(TCNQ)2 above Room Temperature
Authors: Kobayashi Hayao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal expansion coefficient, the electrical conductivity, and the crystal structure (at 325 K) of MEM(TCNQ)2 were examined. A new phase transition was observed at 315 K, where the thermal expansion coefficient jumps. This second-order transition may be triggered by the molecular motion of MEM cations and can be regarded as a precursor of the first-order transition around 62 °C. The molecular motion of MEM cations reduces the electrostatic lattice energy and leads to a structural change. The structural instability of TCNQ columns around 335 K is not attributable to the electron-electron correlation effect in the one-dimensional system, but to the change in the energy balance between the charge-transfer interaction and the electrostatic energy.
Freezing-Thawing Hysteresis Phenomena of Biological Systems by the New Method of Proton Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Suzuki Ei-ichiro , Nagashima Nobuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An automatic recording system was developed for unfrozen water content and spin-spin relaxation time measurements as continuous functions of temperature, by using a broad-line pulsed NMR spectrometer and a minicomputer. The advantages of this system are that the exact quantitative measurements can be done by calibrating the nonlinearity of the NMR sensitivity, and that for high sensitivity temperature measurement the thermocouple with special device is directly immersed in a sample. Three types of freezing-thawing hysteresis phenomena, (1) recrystallization of solute(hydroxy-l-proline, d-mannitol) and refreezing of released hydrated water molecules in frozen aqueous solutions, and (2) hysteresis as the characteristic feature of gels(gelatin, αsl-casein), and (3) supercooling of capillary water in water-insoluble materials(zein, yeast RNA, cellulose) were analysed. The usefulness of this system as an analytical instrument of hydration properties of biological materials is emphasized.
Polarized Raman Spectrum of Maleic Anhydride Crystal
Authors: Ishibashi Yoshimi , Shimada Ryoichi , Shimada Hiroko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarized Raman spectrum of the maleic anhydride single crystal was studied. Prominent polarization behavior of the Raman bands was observed. Assuming the oriented gas model, the relative intensities of the non-totally symmetric intramolecular vibrations in various polarized Raman spectra were studied based on the data of the crystal structure. The assignments of the fundamental vibrational frequencies for maleic anhydride were reinvestigated through the polarization behavior of the Raman bands as well as the normal coordinate calculation.
Temperature Dependence of Raman Spectra of Pyridine in Hydrogen Bonding Solvents
Authors: Fukushima Kunio , Yamaji Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Raman spectra of pyridine in solvents of various hydrogen bonding powers were recorded and frequency shifts of some bands were measured. With methanol as solvent, Raman spectra recorded at temperatures between 128 and 293 K exhibit a remarkable change with temperature. Results are interpreted on the basis of possible existence of a σπ-complex.
Thermochemical Studies on Thioacetamide and Tetramethylthiourea. Estimation of Stabilization Energies Due to Interaction between Thiocarbonyl Group and Neighbouring Nitrogen Atom
Authors: Inagaki Sadayasu , Murata Shigeo , Sakiyama Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Standard energy of combustion at 298.15 K and standard enthalpy of sublimation as a function of temperature were determined for thioacetamide and tetramethylthiourea by oxygen bomb combustion calorimetry and sublimation calorimetry. Derived standard enthalpies of formation in crystalline and gaseous states at 298.15 K are −(70.6±1.1) and (12.7±1.2) kJ mol−1, respectively, for thioacetamide, and −(38.3±2.3) and (44.7±2.4) kJ mol−1, respectively, for tetramethylthiourea. Stabilization energies of these molecules were evaluated by estimating the standard enthalpies of formation in gaseous state for the hypothetical reference structures by use of the group contribution method.
The Structure and Properties of the Triaquahexakis(methylthioacetato)dineodymium(III) Polymer, [Nd2(C3H5SO2)6(H2O)3]n, and the Same-ligand Complexes of Lanthanoid Elements
Authors: Kondo Satoshi , Shimoi Mamoru , Ouchi Akira , Takeuchi Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of the title complex has been determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The crystal was triclinic, space group P\bar1, a=12.80(1), b=16.65(1), c=8.659(9) Å, α=104.6(1), β=93.7(2), γ=107.5(1)°, Z=2, DX=1.892(3), Dm=1.91(2) Mg m−3, μ(Mo Kα)=3.45 mm−1, and the final R value was 0.051 for 3577 reflections. The coordination number of both neodymium atoms is nine, although the coordinated atoms around one neodymium atom are arrayed in a tri-capped trigonal prism, and those around the other neodymium atom, in a mono-capped tetragonal antiprism. The neodymium atoms are arrayed on a linear chain bridged by the ligand; however, no metal-metal interaction is observed. The corresponding complexes of cerium(III), praseodymium(III), and europium(III) form isomorphous crystals with the title complex, but the complex of lanthanum(III) has the formula of ML3·4.5H2O (HL=(methylthio)acetic acid), and the complexes of dysprosium(III) and ytterbium(III), ML3·2H2O.