bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number counts and clustering properties of bright distant red galaxies in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey Early Data Release
Authors: Foucaud S. , Almaini O. , Smail I. , Conselice C. J. , Lane K. P. , Edge A. C. , Simpson C. , Dunlop J. S. , McLure R. J. , Cirasuolo M. , Hirst P. , Watson M. G. , Page M. J. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
We describe the number counts and spatial distribution of 239 distant red galaxies (DRGs), selected from the Early Data Release of the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey. The DRGs are identified by their very red infrared colours with (J−K)AB &gt; 1.3, selected over 0.62 deg2 to a 90 per cent completeness limit of KAB≃ 20.7. This is the first time that a large sample of bright DRGs has been studied within a contiguous area, and we provide the first measurements of their number counts and clustering. The population shows strong angular clustering, intermediate between those of K-selected field galaxies and optical/infrared-selected extremely red galaxies. Adopting the redshift distributions determined from other recent studies, we infer a high correlation length of r0∼11 h−1 Mpc. Such strong clustering could imply that our galaxies are hosted by very massive dark matter haloes, consistent with the progenitors of present-day L≳L* elliptical galaxies.
Anisotropic X-ray emission in active galactic nucleus accretion discs
Authors: Nayakshin Sergei 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Straightforward models of X-ray reflection in the inner region of accretion discs predict that the primary X-ray flux and the flux reflected off the surface of the disc should vary together, albeit with a short light traveltime delay. Most of the observations, however, show that the X-ray flux can vary while the reflected features remain constant. Here we propose a simple explanation for this. In all likelihood, the emission of a moderately optically thick magnetic flare atop an accretion disc is anisotropic. A constant energy release rate in a flare will appear to produce a variable X-ray flux as the flare rotates with the accretion disc anchoring the magnetic tube. The reflector, on the other hand, receives a constant X-ray flux from the flare. Since the reflected emission is azimuthally symmetric, the observer will see a roughly constant reflected flux (neglecting relativistic effects). The model does not produce quasi-periodic oscillations if magnetic flux tubes are sheared out faster than they complete one orbit.
On long-term solar activity at high latitudes
Authors: Li K. J. , Mu J. , Li Q. X. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The interesting characteristics of long-term solar activity at high latitudes are reported as follows. (1) Two cyclic behaviours, but in anti-phase with each other, simultaneously exist at high latitudes: the magnetic fluxes in units of gauss of the line-of-sight magnetic fields at latitudes of 60°–70°, possibly representing the amplitude of solar magnetic activity at high latitudes, are in complete anti-phase with the solar activity at middle and low latitudes, usually represented by sunspot numbers. However, the numbers of filaments at latitudes of 60°–90°, possibly representing the complexity of solar magnetic activity at high latitudes, are strangely in complete anti-phase with the magnetic fluxes. (2) Two latitude migrations, but in opposite drift directions relative to each other, exist in a cycle: a poleward migration drifts from the middle latitudes toward the solar poles in the first half of a normal cycle, following an equatorward migration found from the solar poles towards the middle latitudes in the other half of the normal cycle. (3) It is inferred that polar faculae, a frequently observed phenomenon at high latitudes, are more related to the amplitude than to the complexity of solar magnetic activity at high latitudes, and they are in phase with the magnetic fluxes. (4) High-latitude flares, a violent active phenomenon at high latitudes, keep in step with neither the amplitude nor the complexity of solar magnetic activity at high latitudes; they seemingly occur just around the maximum times of both.
Angular distribution of satellite galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4
Authors: Azzaro Marco , Patiri Santiago G. , Prada Francisco , Zentner Andrew R. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
We explore the angular distribution of two samples of satellite galaxies orbiting isolated hosts extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4. We find a clear alignment of the satellites along the major axis of their hosts when restricting the analysis to red-coloured hosts. The anisotropy is most pronounced for red satellites of red hosts. We find that the distribution of the satellites about blue, isolated hosts is consistent with isotropy. We show that under the assumption that the true, underlying distribution of satellites of blue hosts exhibits the same anisotropy as the satellites of red hosts, the sample of blue hosts is too small to measure this anisotropy at a statistically significant level. The anisotropy that we detect for satellites about red hosts is independent of the projected radius. In particular, it is evident at large projected distances from the hosts (300 &lt; rp Ϭ 500 kpc).
Fallback accretion in the aftermath of a compact binary merger
Authors: Rosswog Stephan 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Recent observations of long and short gamma-ray bursts have revealed a puzzling X-ray activity that in some cases continues for hours after the burst. It is difficult to reconcile such time-scales with the viscous time-scales that an accretion disc can plausibly provide. Here I discuss the accretion activity expected from the material that is launched into eccentric but gravitationally bound orbits during a compact binary merger coalescence. From a simple analytical model the time-scales and accretion luminosities that result from fallback in the aftermath of a compact binary merger are derived. For the considered mass range, double neutron star binaries are relatively homogeneous in their fallback luminosities. Neutron star black hole systems show a larger spread in their fallback behaviour. While the model is too simple to make predictions about the detailed time structure of the fallback, it makes reasonable predictions about the gross properties of the fallback. About one hour after the coalescence the fallback accretion luminosity can still be as large as ∼1045 erg s−1, a fraction of which will be transformed into X-rays. Large-scale amplitude variations in the X-ray luminosities can plausibly be caused by gravitational fragmentation, which for the high-eccentricity fallback should occur more easily than in an accretion disc.
Review of the impact of the 1999 Water Regulation in reducing Cryptosporidium contamination risk in groundwater public supplies
Authors: Morris B. , Whitehead E. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 2000, the UK introduced a Cryptosporidium oocyst monitoring programme for groundwater public supplies as a consequence of a 1999 amendment to statutory water quality regulations in England and Wales. The programme, which is ongoing and was estimated to have cost c. £12 million (€17.4 million) by the end of 2005, has accumulated the largest and most comprehensive array of data on the presence of oocysts in raw groundwater in the UK to date, with 90 water treatment works subjected to continuous monitoring at one time or another between 2000 and 2005. The programme was preceded by a scrutiny of the future of over 180 groundwater supplies identified as significantly at risk by the 19 water utilities concerned. The results of this process and of the monitoring programme up to 2005 are examined and critically reviewed.
The Case of the Etymologies in Plato'sCratylus
Authors: Thomas Christine J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTheCratyluscontains Plato's most extensive study of the relation of language to reality and to the pursuit of wisdom. Yet the dialogue has remained relatively neglected in efforts to understand Plato's deepest metaphysical and epistemological commitments. The blame for such neglect lies largely in the dialogue's extensive, difficult, even mysterious etymological section. Recent attempts to make sense of the bulk of theCratylusare shedding much welcome light on the important roles that the etymological analyses play in the dialogue and in Plato's philosophy more generally. The article outlines three strategies of interpretation before concluding with the author's own proposal.
MICROBIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT GYNECOLOGY*
Authors: Kotcher Emil 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe biota of the female reproductive tract reflects the cytologic and physiologic condition of this organ system. The neonate may acquire some of the vaginal infections of its mother during its passage down the birth canal. Lactobacilli, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Candida albicans may be acquired during this period.After the first two or three weeks and for next 8–10 years, a variety of organisms may be found in the vagina, depending upon the degree of maternal care, familial infections, intravaginal foreign objects, and various other factors. With the onset of pubescence and later sexual activity, a greater variety of organisms may be recovered from the vagina, including the classical venereal pathogens, e.g., Neisseria gonorrhea and Trichomonas vaginalis, which may occur in greater prevalence. Gonorrhea and syphilis have shown an increasing prevalence in urban teenagers in recent years.
LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF THE PEDIATRIC GYNECOLOGIC PATIENT
Authors: Carrington Elsie R. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA rational approach to the diagnosis and management of gynecologic problems in young females depends heavily upon the results of laboratory examinations. Properly selected tests are indispensable in the investigation of sexual ambiguity, certain types of developmental anomalies, sexual precocity, infections, and neoplasms, Many of these can be carried out on an outpatient basis. The more sophisticated, highly specialized techniques, although less frequently required, are performed in an increasing number of centers and all have been made generally available.
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF VAGINITIS
Authors: Sweeney W. J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryVulvovaginitis in childhood has been defined and a working classification devised. The diagnosis is made by a thorough history, physical examination, and the use of appropriate laboratory aids. Adequate examination of the vagina and cervix and the taking of cultures are absolutely necessary in all cases. Treatment should be individualized on the basis of the etiologic agent involved. The importance of personal cleanliness cannot be overemphasized, as it is probably the most important factor in the treatment.
RADIATION THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS*
Authors: D'Angio G. J. , Tefft Melvin 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTreatment of most gynecologic malignancies in the young is primarily surgical even in the case of radiosensitive tumors, because radiotherapy of the female pelvis in children presents many problems. The younger the child at the time of treatment, the more prominent some of these problems become. Though “prophylactic” postoperative radiation is not advocated, radiotherapy can play an important role in controlling residual, recurrent or metastatic disease, notably in the case of the dysgerminoma and the granulosa‐theca‐cell tumor. The combination of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy is not only palliative in patients who have disseminated tumors of other histologic types, but it also may be curative. Meticulous accuracy is essential to minimize the untoward effects of radiotherapy.
INDUCED GENITAL ANOMALIES*
Authors: Goldman Allen S. , Bongiovanni Alfred M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe human female fetus has been reported to have varying degrees of virilization of the lower urogenital tract after maternal treatment with androgenic hormones with certain progestins, and rarely with estrogens. Paradoxically, three cases of feminization of male fetuses with varying degrees of hypospadias have been reported to occur after maternal treatment with large doses of either diethyl‐stilbestrol and progesterone, of progesterone alone, or of acetoxyprogesterone (Prodox). An analysis of the human reports and comparable experimental data suggest that the fetal effects of these agents are not analogous to their effects on the end organs in the postnatal animal. Rather, they appear to have some common dose‐dependent teratogenic action during critical periods of genital development in the two sexes. Genetic male infants born with a severe form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to a genetic deficiency in activity of 3β‐ hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐enzyme) also have incomplete masculine development and hypospadias. Genetic females with this disease are born with a moderate degree of virilization, clitoral hypertrophy, and labial fusion. The 3β‐enzyme is essential in the early biosynthetic pathway of every biologically active steroid hormone.We have produced an experimental model of this disease by inhibiting rat fetal 3β‐enzyme with a synthetic derivative of testosterone, which differs from the usual product of the 3β‐enzyme primarily by a C‐2α‐cyano group on the androst‐5‐en nucleus. Unlike most enzyme inhibitors, this steroid is tightly and relatively irreversibly bound to the 3β‐enzyme. Evidence is presented that suggests that progestins or estrogens may affect human fetal genital development by inhibiting the activity of the fetal 3β‐enzyme, thereby mimicking the human genetic form and our experimental model of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
NORMAL PUBERTY AND ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Israel S. Leon 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe normal process of puberty and adolescence of girls is characterized by orderly growth. It occurs during a span of years during which, in addition to distinct bodily changes, there are psychological alterations leading to psycho‐sexual maturity. The menarche occurs in a setting arranged by an unfolding series of measurable somatic changes, the time of its appearance being a signpost of inestimable value. It is considered to be normal when it appears between the ages of nine and 16. The irregular character of early menstrual cycles is physiologic.
VARIATIONS IN ISOSEXUAL PSEUDOPRECOCIOUS PUBERTY
Authors: Goldfarb Alvin F. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryIsosexual pseudoprecocious puberty is an unusual pediatric gynecologic problem. By and far the most common form of sexual precocity in the female is constitutional precocious puberty. A thorough evaluation of the child who presents with signs of sexual precocity prior to age nine is essential. The treatment of the problem of isosexual pseudoprecocious puberty is dependent upon the etiology as defined by adequate study of the patient.
A FLUID LIPID‐GLOBULAR PROTEIN MOSAIC MODEL OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURE*
Authors: Singer S. J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe thermodynamic and experimental bases for the lipid‐globular protein mosaic model for the organization of biological membranes, which was proposed some six years ago16 (Lenard and Singer, 1966) and has since been elaborated 6,26 are described. In this model, the integral proteins of membranes are postulated to have an amphipathic structure in the intact membrane; that is, their ionic and highly polar groups are largely located on the membrane surfaces in contact with the aqueous medium, while their nonpolar residues are sequestered from contact with water in the membrane interior. These proteins are intercalated into a discontinuous lipid bilayer in this model. Recent experimental results are consistent with the suggestion that the lipid forms the matrix of the mosaic, and since the membrane lipid is generally fluid rather than crystalline under physiological conditions, the mosaic is expected to be a dynamic one. That is, the membrane appears to be a two‐dimensional viscous solution, with its components able to undergo translational diffusion in the plane of the membrane. Some of the many important functional and physiological corollaries of this structural hypothesis are discussed.
Geographies of War: Perspectives on ‘Resource Wars’
Authors: Le Billon Philippe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNatural resources figure prominently in studies of geographies of wars. This article reviews the three main perspectives on so‐called ‘resource wars’: geopolitical, political economy and political ecology. Classical geopolitical perspectives mostly provide ‘realpolitik’ assessments of international tensions over the supply of ‘strategic’ resources. Such geopolitical constructs of ‘resource wars’ frequently oversimplify power relations and provide a fertile ground for critical enquiries. Refining understandings of resource scarcity and power relations, political economy perspectives point at resource dependence and ‘looting’ opportunities as potential risk factors in the onset and duration of armed conflicts. Finally, through greater contextual sensitivity and multiscalar analysis, political ecology perspectives emphasise the diverse forms of violence at play in ‘resource wars’ and stress the importance of identities and territorialities. Bridging and renewing conceptual and methodological approaches drawn from these three perspective could yield yet further insights on so‐called ‘resource wars’ and serve broad objectives of social and environmental justice.
Isolation of Potentially Pathogenic
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 from the Ganges River
Authors: Hamner Steve , Broadaway Susan C. , Mishra Veer Bhadra , Tripathi Anshuman , Mishra Rajesh Kumar , Pulcini Elinor , Pyle Barry H. , Ford Timothy E. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
serotype O157:H7 was detected among bacteria collected from the Ganges River. O157:H7 isolates tested positive for
stx
1
,
stx
2
, and
eae
gene sequences. Identification of potentially pathogenic isolates from extensively used source water indicates that O157:H7 may be a significant but as yet underacknowledged public health concern in India.
Nickel-Resistant Determinant fromLeptospirillum ferriphilum
Authors: Tian Jian , Wu Ningfeng , Li Jiang , Liu Yajie , Guo Jun , Yao Bin , Fan Yunliu 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTLeptospirillum ferriphilumstrain UBK03 isolated from a mine in Jiangxi, China, is resistant to Ni2+(30 to 40 mM). A four-gene nickel resistance cluster was identified and, when transformed intoEscherichia coli, enabled growth in 6 mM nickel. Mutation experiments revealed that the genesncrA,ncrB, andncrCcould confer nickel resistance inEscherichia coli, whereas the genencrYcould have a negative effect on nickel resistance.
Yeast Populations Residing on Healthy orBotrytis-Infected Grapes from a Vineyard in Attica, Greece
Authors: Nisiotou Aspasia A. , Nychas George-John E. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe yeast flora associated with healthy andBotrytis-infected grapes was assessed. Molecular identification methods assigned isolates to six genera and nine species. For the first timeHanseniaspora opuntiaewas encountered as an inhabitant of the grape ecosystem. By using DraI, an informative restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern was generated to distinguishH. opuntiaefrom the closely related organismHanseniaspora guilliermondii. Botrytisinfection resulted in a larger population and greater diversity of yeasts enriched with fermentative or spoilage species.
Degradation of
N
-Acyl-
l
-Homoserine Lactones by
Bacillus cereus
in Culture Media and Pork Extract
Authors: Medina-Martínez Maria Stella , Uyttendaele Mieke , Rajkovic Andreja , Nadal Pol , Debevere Johan 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT

Degradation of the quorum-sensing signal molecule
N
-acyl-
l
-homoserine lactone (AHL) in cocultures was verified with
Bacillus cereus
and
Yersinia enterocolitica
in culture medium and in pork extract. Results showed evidence of microbial interaction when the AHL-degrading bacterium and AHL-producing bacterium were cocultured in a food-simulating condition.
Effects of Bacterial Prey Species and Their Concentration on Growth of the Amoebae
Acanthamoeba castellanii
and
Hartmannella vermiformis
Authors: Pickup Zoë L. , Pickup Roger , Parry Jacqueline D. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT

Two amoebae were presented with six bacterial prey at a range of concentrations, and the growth parameters of the amoebae were deduced. All but one bacterium (
Synechococcus
) resulted in a positive growth response, but the gram-positive bacterium
Staphylococcus aureus
proved to be difficult to digest and the heavily pigmented bacterium
Klebsiella ozaenae
induced unusual amoebic behavior prior to ingestion.
Ecology of the Microbial Community Removing Phosphate from Wastewater under Continuously Aerobic Conditions in a Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Ahn Johwan , Schroeder Sarah , Beer Michael , McIlroy Simon , Bayly Ronald C. , May John W. , Vasiliadis George , Seviour Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT

All activated sludge systems for removing phosphate microbiologically are configured so the biomass is cycled continuously through alternating anaerobic and aerobic zones. This paper describes a novel aerobic process capable of decreasing the amount of phosphate from 10 to 12 mg P liter
−1
to less than 0.1 mg P liter
−1
(when expressed as phosphorus) over an extended period from two wastewaters with low chemical oxygen demand. One wastewater was synthetic, and the other was a clarified effluent from a conventional activated sludge system. Unlike anaerobic/aerobic enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) processes where the organic substrates and the phosphate are supplied simultaneously to the biomass under anaerobic conditions, in this aerobic process, the addition of acetate, which begins the feed stage, is temporally separated from the addition of phosphate, which begins the famine stage. Conditions for establishing this process in a sequencing batch reactor are detailed, together with a description of the changes in poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and poly(P) levels in the biomass occurring under the feed and famine regimes, which closely resemble those reported in anaerobic/aerobic EBPR processes. Profiles obtained with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were very similar for communities fed both wastewaters, and once established, these communities remained stable over prolonged periods of time. 16S rRNA-based clone libraries generated from the two communities were also very similar. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)/microautoradiography and histochemical staining revealed that “
Candidatus
Accumulibacter phosphatis” bacteria were the dominant poly(P)-accumulating organisms (PAO) in both communities, with the phenotype expected for PAO. FISH also identified large numbers of betaproteobacterial
Dechloromonas
and alphaproteobacterial tetrad-forming organisms related to
Defluviicoccus
in both communities, but while these organisms assimilated acetate and contained intracellular PHA during the feed stages, they never accumulated poly(P) during the cycles, consistent with the phenotype of glycogen-accumulating organisms.