bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal/Strain History Effects on Creep of Refractory Concrete
Authors: BRAY D. J. , SMYTH J.R. , McGEE T.D. 
Published: June 2006

A temperature and stress cycling technique was developed to examine the effects of thermal/strain history on creep of refractory concrete. Creep of a 90+% Al2O3 refractory concrete and a high‐purity calcium aluminate cement was investigated under stresses of 3.4 to 20.7 MPa at 500° to 1200°C. It was found that on initial heat‐up of a cured specimen of either the concrete or cement, the ΔHc∼130 to 170 kJ/mol. After subsequent cycling of the temperature, ΔHC∼620 to 720 kJ/mol. The stress exponent for the initial application of stress was <1. For subsequent cycling of the stress n>2.5. It was determined from these and other results that multiple “deformation” processes are acting simultaneously on initial heat‐up of the form:
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These processes include crystallization, phase changes, sintering, stress‐aided sintering, and steady‐state creep. Mechanisms of creep and failure are discussed.
Thermoelectric Determination of Cation Distributions in
Authors: TRESTMAN‐MATTS A. , DORRIS S. E. , KUMARAKRISHNAN S. , MASON T. O. 
Published: June 2006

Thermoelectric coefficient measurements in the system Fe3O4‐Fe2TiO4 were used to determine the cation distributions from 600° to 1300°C. The cation distributions obeyed the relation ‐RT In K=‐9.61+2(‐0.0154T)b+0.0256T (kJ/mol)where KFecd is the iron distribution constant and b is the tetrahedral Fe3+ concentration. Low‐temperature extrapolations agreed with experimental magnetometry and lattice parameter results. With the incorporation of a subregular size‐mismatch term, agreement with high‐temperature thermodynamic data was achieved. A solvus at intermediate temperatures was correctly predicted by the model.
A first‐generation microsatellite‐based integrated genetic and cytogenetic map for the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and localization of angora and albino
Authors: Chantry‐Darmon C. , Urien C. , De Rochambeau H. , Allain D. , Pena B. , Hayes H. , Grohs C. , Cribiu E. P. , Deretz‐Picoulet S. , Larzul C. , Save J. C. , Neau A. , Chardon P. , Rogel‐Gaillard C. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryAlthough the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is used both in agronomics and in research, genomic resources for this species are still limited and no microsatellite‐based genetic map has been reported. Our aim was to construct a rabbit genetic map with cytogenetically mapped microsatellites so as to build an integrated genetic and cytogenetic map. A reference population of 187 rabbits comprising eight three‐generation families with 10–25 offspring per family was produced. One hundred and ninety‐four of 305 previously identified microsatellites were included in this study. Of these, 158 were polymorphic with two to seven alleles. The map reported here comprises 111 markers, including 104 INRA microsatellites, five microsatellites from another source and two phenotypic markers (angora and albino). Ninety markers were integrated into 20 linkage groups. The remaining 21 microsatellites mapped to separate linkage groups, 19 with a precise cytogenetic position and two with only a chromosomal assignment. The genetic map spans 2766.6 cM and covers 20 rabbit chromosomes, excluding chromosomes 20, 21 and X. The density of this map is limited, but we used it to verify the location of angora and albino on chromosomes 15q and 1q, respectively, in agreement with previously published data. This first generation genetic/cytogenetic map will help gene identification and quantitative trait loci mapping projects in rabbit.
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation for children with acute leukaemia
Authors: Marks David I. , Khattry Navin , Cummins Michelle , Goulden Nicholas , Green Ann , Harvey John , Hunt Linda P. , Keen Leigh , Robinson Stephen P. , Steward Colin G. , Cornish Jacqueline M. 
Published: June 2006

SummarySome children with relapsed or high‐risk acute leukaemia have an improved outcome if they have an allogeneic stem cell transplant, preferably from a sibling or well‐matched unrelated donor. However, some children do not have these options or there is an urgent need to proceed to transplant because of disease status. We have investigated the role of haploidentical family members as donors in 34 patients with acute leukaemia (median age 11 years, range 1–16 years). Patients were conditioned with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (14·4 Gy in eight fractions) and received T‐cell depleted peripheral blood stem cell grafts with a median CD34 cell dose of 13·8 × 106/kg (range 4·2–35·1) and 0·7 × 104 CD3‐positive cells/kg. The actuarial survival at 2 years was 26% (13–41%, 95% CI). Eight patients have survived disease‐free with a median follow up of 62 months. They have good performance status and a median lymphocyte count of 1·8 × 109/l. Relapse (14 patients) and adenoviral (six patients) or fungal infections (four patients) were the major causes of death. Haploidentical stem cell transplantation can produce medium term disease‐free survival in a proportion of children with high‐risk or relapsed acute leukaemia. None of the nine patients with acute myeloid leukaemia not in remission have survived.
BCR–ABL activates STAT3 via JAK and MEK pathways in human cells
Authors: Coppo Paul , Flamant Stéphane , Mas Véronique De , Jarrier Peggy , Guillier Martine , Bonnet Marie‐Laure , Lacout Catherine , Guilhot François , Vainchenker William , Turhan Ali G. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryChronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is characterised by a progression from a chronic towards an acute phase. We previously reported that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a major oncogenic signalling protein, is the target of p210–BCR–ABL in a murine embryonic stem (ES) cell model and in primary CD34+ CML cells. This activation was associated with inhibition of differentiation in ES cells. The present study found that BCR–ABL greatly phosphorylated STAT3 Ser727 residue and, to a lesser extent, Tyr705 residue in BCR–ABL‐expressing cell lines (UT7‐p210, MO7E‐p210, and K562) and in primary CD34+ CML cells. Using BCR–ABL mutants, it was shown that BCR–ABL tyrosine kinase activity and its Tyr177 residue were necessary for STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation. Constitutive STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation was associated with constitutive phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK)1 and JAK2, and was inhibited by the JAK inhibitor AG490, suggesting the involvement of JAK proteins in this process. Specific MEK [mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) kinase] inhibitors PD98056 and UO126, as well as the use of a dominant‐negative form of MEK1 abrogated STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation, suggesting involvement of MAP‐Kinase/Erk pathway. Inhibition of BCR–ABL with imatinib mesylate led to a dose‐dependent downregulation of total STAT3 protein and mRNA, suggesting that BCR–ABL is involved in the transcriptional regulation of STAT3. Targeting JAK, MEK and STAT3 pathways could therefore be of therapeutic value, especially in advanced stage CML.
Autologous transplantation for relapsed or primary refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kewalramani Tarun , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Teruya‐Feldstein Julie , Hamlin Paul , Yahalom Joachim , Horwitz Steven , Nimer Stephen D. , Moskowitz Craig H. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryAutologous transplantation (ASCT) is the standard of care for chemosensitive relapsed or primary refractory aggressive lymphoma, but little is known about its efficacy in the subset of patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL). We undertook a retrospective review of patients with PTCL who underwent ASCT for relapsed or refractory disease after responding to second‐line therapy, excluding patients with indolent histologies and those with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expressing anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The results of 24 patients with PTCL were compared with those of 86 consecutive patients with chemosensitive relapsed or primary refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). With a median follow‐up time of 6 years for surviving patients with PTCL and DLBCL, the 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rates for PTCL and DLBCL patients were 24% and 34% respectively (P = 0·14); the corresponding overall survival (OS) rates were 33% and 39% respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to time to disease progression or survival after progression. The second‐line age‐adjusted international prognostic index was the only variable prognostic for PFS and OS in a multivariate analysis. The outcome of ASCT for patients with chemosensitive relapsed or primary refractory PTCL is similar to that for patients with DLBCL.
Methadone‐exposed newborn infants: outcome after alterations to a service for mothers and infants
Authors: Miles J. , Sugumar K. , Macrory F. , Sims D. G. , D’Souza S. W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective  To evaluate the impact of a shared care approach in clinical management with a drug liaison midwife (DLM) service for mothers and infants established in 1995–1996 in an inner city area and to address the problem of congenital abnormality and microcephaly with fetal drug exposure.Methods  Descriptive analysis of data in live births of women enrolled in a methadone maintenance programme in 1991–1994 (n = 78) and 1997–2001 (n = 98), including time spent in hospital, treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), admission to the neonatal medical unit (NMU) and follow‐up for child health checks.Results  In 1997–2001 compared with 1991–1994, the mothers used more methadone in the last week of pregnancy (median 40.0 mg/day vs. 21.5 mg/day, P = 0.0006) and there were more preterm deliveries (36% vs. 21%, P = 0.03). The infants spent less time in hospital (median 5 days vs. 28 days, P < 0.0001), a smaller proportion had treatment for NAS (14% vs. 79%, P < 0.0001), and NMU admission was reduced (median 14 days vs. 26 days, P < 0.0003). Neonatal convulsions (P = 0.0001) and jaundice (P < 0.001) occurred less frequently, and more infants were breastfed (P = 0.001). One infant in each study group had a cleft palate and none had microcephaly. Child health checks for 18–24 months showed a favourable outcome in 1997–2001.Conclusions  We altered antenatal care and modified neonatal management, subsequently infants spent less time in hospital and NMU admissions were reduced with less NAS treatment. Congenital abnormalities and microcephaly were not common and as regular child health checks were possible, the impact of the DLM service in shared management merits further investigation, for mother–infant bonding and developmental outcome.
Early life circumstances and atopic disorders in childhood
Authors: Bernsen R. M. D. , Van Der Wouden J. C. , Nagelkerke N. J. D. , De Jongste J. C. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryThe prevalence of childhood atopic disorders has risen dramatically in the last decades of the past century. Risk factors for the development of these disorders have been studied extensively. This review focuses on the role of early life risk factors such as pre‐natal development, perinatal circumstances, birth order and childhood vaccinations.
T‐helper type 2 polarization among asthmatics during and following pregnancy
Authors: Rastogi D. , Wang C. , Lendor C. , Rothman P. B. , Miller R. L. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackground
Asthma is the most common medical condition during pregnancy. While increased production of T helper cytokines has been reported to occur in both asthma and pregnancy, the effect of T‐helper type 2 (Th2) polarization on asthma symptoms during pregnancy has not been well‐characterized.Objective
We hypothesized that systemic Th2 cytokine and chemokine polarization occurs among asthmatics to a greater extent during their pregnancy, and is associated with more severe asthma and increased Th2 polarization in the newborn.Methods
Fifty‐six pregnant asthmatics were recruited from prenatal clinics affiliated with New York Presbyterian Hospital. Systemic production of interleukin‐4, interferon‐γ, eotaxin and IP10 were measured by intracytoplasmic staining or ELISA at recruitment, peripartum and post‐partum, and in the cord blood. The frequency of asthma symptoms was measured by questionnaires and compared with Th biomarkers.Results
The chemokine ratio (IP10/eotaxin) declined over the course of pregnancy (from 3.3±1.3 to 1.4±0.2, P=0.016), but IP10 and eotaxin increased post‐partum. The decrease in the chemokine ratio was associated with more frequent asthma symptoms. A non‐significant trend towards decreased interferon‐γ and increased interleukin‐4 production was detected. Cord blood eotaxin levels correlated with maternal levels (r=0.35, P=0.03). Other peripartum biomarkers were not associated with Th2 polarization nor with subsequent respiratory symptoms in the newborn.Conclusions
IP10/eotaxin declined over the course of pregnancy and was associated with worse asthma symptoms. Alterations of Th1/Th2 chemokine balance during pregnancy may identify women prone to more severe asthma during pregnancy.
Body composition in untreated adult patients with Laron syndrome (primary GH insensitivity)
Authors: Laron Zvi , Ginsberg Shira , Lilos Pearl , Arbiv Mira , Vaisman Nahum 
Published: June 2006

SummaryObjective  To quantify body adiposity and its distribution in untreated adult patients with Laron syndrome (LS; primary GH insensitivity) caused by molecular defects of the GH receptor gene or postreceptor pathways and characterized by dwarfism, obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia.Patients  Eleven LS patients (seven females and four males) aged 28–53 years were studied. Seven healthy males and six healthy females served as controls.Measurements  Body composition of the total body trunk, upper and lower extremities was determined using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Statistical analysis using an analysis of variance (anova) and Mann–Whitney nonparametric methods was performed separately in males and females.Results  Percentage body fat in the LS patients was much higher (P < 0·01) than that in the control population and the female LS patients were significantly more obese (59% total body fat) than the male patients (39% total body fat) (P < 0·002). It was also evident that in these types of patients with markedly increased body fat and decreased muscle and bone mass, body mass index (BMI) does not accurately reflect the body composition.Conclusions  Lifelong congenital IGF‐I deficiency leads to extreme adiposity.
Effects of Pacific salmon spawning and carcass availability on the caddisfly Ecclisomyia conspersa (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)
Authors: WALTER JASON K. , BILBY ROBERT E. , FRANSEN BRIAN R. 
Published: June 2006

Summary1. The effects of spawning coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) on the limnephilid caddisfly Ecclisomyia conspersa were evaluated by experimentally excluding salmon from the upper 14‐m stretch of a spawning channel by a wire‐meshed fence. Density, and development and growth rates, of larvae upstream of the fence (without salmon) were compared with those downstream (with salmon).2. Larval density in the stretch with salmon declined during spawning, but increased again after spawning subsided and the carcasses of dead fish became available. In the stretch with salmon, larval density on salmon carcasses was seven to 37 times greater than on the adjacent channel substratum. The rate of larval development in the stretch with salmon was greater than that in the stretch without salmon. Two months after carcasses became available, 98% of larvae sampled from the stretch with salmon were in the fifth instar, compared to only 23% from the stretch without salmon. Body weight of E. conspersa in the stretches with and without salmon increased by an average of 3.04 and 2.38 mg, respectively, over a 6‐month period.3. 15N values of larvae from the stretch with salmon increased following the arrival of the fish, suggesting that the larvae were feeding on salmon‐derived material, such as eggs and carcasses, which contain a high proportion of the heavier stable isotope. In contrast, 15N values of larvae from the stretch without salmon remained relatively constant throughout the experiment. The availability of salmon carcasses as a high‐quality food source late in larval development may increase survival and fecundity of E. conspersa.4. These substantial differences were consistent with the view that they were due to the experimental exclusion of salmon and salmon carcasses from the upstream stretch, though the study was un‐replicated and thus precludes ascribing causation more definitely.
Encystment of Peridinium gatunense: occurrence, favourable environmental conditions and its role in the dinoflagellate life cycle in a subtropical lake
Authors: ALSTER ALLA , DUBINSKY ZVY , ZOHARY TAMAR 
Published: June 2006

Summary1. The abundance of cysts of the bloom‐forming dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense in the sediments of Lake Kinneret and the effects of environmental conditions on encystment were studied in relation to bloom dynamics. Peak cyst formation coincided with the highest growth rate of the population, prior to bloom peak.2. Peridinium cysts were counted in water and sediment corer samples from 2000 to 2003 and in archived sediment trap samples collected during 1993–94. The cyst data were examined in relation to ambient temperature and nutrient records, and revealed no direct correlation.3. In laboratory encystment experiments with Peridinium cells collected from the lake, 0.2–3% of the vegetative cells encysted. Temperature, light and cell density had no significant effect on the percentage of encystment.4. Cysts were always present in the lake sediments but their abundance in ‘non Peridinium’ years was much lower than after a massive bloom. Vegetative cells were always present in the water column after the collapse of the annual dinoflagellate bloom, potentially serving as the inoculum for the next bloom. We propose that the hardy cysts serve as an emergency ‘gene bank’ to initiate population build up following catastrophic die outs.
Population genetic structure of the endangered crayfishAustropotamobius pallipesin France based on microsatellite variation: biogeographical inferences and conservation implications
Authors: GOUIN N. , GRANDJEAN F. , SOUTY‐GROSSET C. 
Published: June 2006

Summary1. One important goal in conservation biology is to characterise evolutionary lineages within endangered species before management decisions are taken. Here, we assess population differentiation in the freshwater crayfishAustropotamobius pallipes, an endangered species endemic to western Europe and provide valuable information for the conservation of French populations.2. Analysis of five microsatellite loci in 44 populations revealed very different within population levels of genetic diversity (0.000 < H0 < 0.564). Two groups, corresponding to northern and southern French populations, showed a high degree of genetic differentiation in both allele frequencies and allele sizes. Comparison of these results with previous studies ofA. pallipesstrongly suggests that the divergence between northern and southern populations could have occurred during the last glaciation period of the Pleistocene from one Atlantic and one Mediterranean refuge.3. Evidence for genetic admixture between these two lineages was revealed by correspondence analyses in southern populations, probably as the result of artificial translocations.4. French populations appeared significantly differentiated among the different river drainages and were highly structured within rivers. The impact of population size, population bottlenecks and founder events on the population genetic differentiation are discussed.5. Based on these results, we propose the designation of two evolutionarily significant units forA. pallipesin France. Our data also support the maintenance of separate demographic management strategies for crayfish inhabiting different river systems. However, genetic analyses will have to be combined with demographic and ecological data for sustainable conservation programmes.
An experimental study of habitat choice by Daphnia: plants signal danger more than refuge in subtropical lakes
Authors: MEERHOFF MARIANA , FOSALBA CLAUDIA , BRUZZONE CARLA , MAZZEO NÉSTOR , NOORDOVEN WILLEMIJN , JEPPESEN ERIK 
Published: June 2006

Summary1. In shallow temperate lakes, submerged plants often provide refuge for pelagic zooplankton against fish predation, a mechanism with potential strong cascading effects on water transparency and on the entire ecosystem. In (sub)tropical lakes, however, the interaction between aquatic plants and predation may be more complex, particularly because fish density is high within the plant beds in such systems.2. Using laboratory ‘habitat choice’ experiments, we determined the effects of three (sub)tropical free‐floating plants, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia auriculata and the cosmopolitan submerged Ceratophyllum demersum, on horizontal movement by the water flea Daphnia obtusa. We tested for avoidance of plants in the absence and presence of alarm signals from crushed conspecifics and chemical cues from the fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus, the fish have been subjected to different feeding regimes.3. In the absence of other stimuli, D. obtusa strongly avoided the plants and the crushed conspecifics, as expected. However, the response to fish was insignificant regardless of their previous feeding regime. The avoidance of free‐floating plants was more pronounced than that of the submerged plant. Contrary to predictions based on research in temperate lakes, Daphnia did not take refuge among the plants but rather swam away from them when exposed simultaneously to plants and alarm signals.4. We hypothesise that the avoidance of plants by D. obtusa may ultimately be attributable to an expectedly higher predation risk within the plants than in the pelagic, because of a high density of associated zooplanktivorous fish in the former. In the (sub)tropics, therefore, aquatic plants and particularly the free‐floating ones, may not promote cascading effects via Daphnia grazing on phytoplankton as seen in temperate eutrophic lakes.
Movement, dispersal and refuge use of co‐occurring introduced and native crayfish
Authors: BUBB DAMIAN H. , THOM TIMOTHY J. , LUCAS MARTYN C. 
Published: June 2006

Summary1. Dispersal and habitat use are key elements in determining impacts of introduced species. We examined if an invasive crayfish species showed a different pattern of movement, dispersal and refuge use to that of a species that it displaces.2. Fifteen adults of the introduced American signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus and 20 adult native white‐clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes were radiotagged in an area of river where in 2003 they co‐occurred and the spatial behaviour and habitat use of the two species were examined. Subsequent surveys at the study site in 2005 recorded no A. pallipes and the density of P. leniusculus had increased.3. Clear differences in the spatial behaviour of the two species were found. The median distance moved per day by signal crayfish was over twice that of white‐clawed crayfish, and dispersal from release locations was higher in signal crayfish. A similar range of refuges with a high degree of overlap was used by both species suggesting that the potential for competitive interaction between the two species exists.4. The greater movement and dispersal by signal crayfish recorded here supports the hypothesis that invaders are better dispersers than the species that they displace. In addition, movements by signal crayfish may allow them to make better use of patchy resources than white‐clawed crayfish and this, coupled with similar microhabitat use, may contribute to the observed replacement.