bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urticarial vasculitis: An autoimmune disorder following therapy for Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Strickland Donald K. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunological abnormalities have been described in patients with Hodgkin's disease, both associated with the malignancy itself and occurring secondary to therapy. These abnormalities often manifest as an immunodeficiency state, but can also present as immune dysregulation and autoimmune disease. We report two young patients with Hodgkin's disease who, following successful therapy, developed urticarial vasculitis (UV), a form of cutaneous autoimmune vasculitis. Both patients also had systemic symptoms including fever, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum copper, and abnormal in vitro studies of lymphocyte enumeration and proliferation. Distinguishing UV from recurrent Hodgkin's disease was especially difficult in one patient, and was possible only by lymph node biopsy. One patient has responded well to immunosuppressive therapy, while the other, who has more profound immune dysfunction, has developed a chronic autoimmune disorder. UV may thus occur in patients after therapy for Hodgkin's disease; we hypothesize that immune dysregulation, either associated with the malignancy or resulting from therapy, is important in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune process. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in septic neutropenic pediatric cancer patients: Detection of circulating hematopoietic precursor cells correlates with rapid granulocyte recovery
Authors: Fink Franz‐Martin , Maurer‐Dengg Kathrin , Fritsch Gerhard , Mann Georg , Zoubek Andreas , Falk Markus , Gadner Helmut 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCycling intensive chemotherapy currently used to treat pediatric solid tumors induces severe neutropenia. Prolonged neutropenia is a major risk factor for septic death which occurs in up to 5% of febrile or septic neutropenic episodes. We treated 18 neutropenic pediatric cancer patients (eight females, 10 males) during 30 febrile and/or septic episodes with single daily doses of E. coli‐derived non‐glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (rh‐GM‐CSF, 5 μg per kg of body weight). The cytokine was administered for a median period of 6.5 days (2–12 days). Analysis of circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells was performed at day 1 (baseline) and day 5 of rh‐GM‐CSF treatment and included flow cytometric CD34 analysis as well as the methylcellulose‐based clonogenic assay.Prompt hematopoietic recovery and resolution of septic problems was observed in all children. The counts of leukocytes (WBC), absolute neutrophils (ANC), and platelets (PLT) rose above 1,000/μL, 1,000/μL, and 50,000/μL within 4 days (0–9), 5.5 days (2–13), and 6 days (0–14), respectively. Faster granulocyte recovery and improved recruitment of circulating hemopoietic precursors was observed in children with detectable amounts (>0.1%) of CD34‐positive mononuclear cells prior to rh‐GM‐CSF treatment.We conclude that, to some extent, the efficacy of rh‐GM‐CSF treatment in neutropenic cancer patients is influenced by the hematopoietic recovery status on the progenitor cell level. Although they respond more slowly to the treatment, patients without circulating CD34‐positive progenitor cells may gain most from growth factor therapy. Rh‐GM‐CSF can be safely administered to febrile and/or septic neutropenic children treated for cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plain radiography for diagnosis of gastrointestinal perforation in immune‐compromised children—is it enough?
Authors: Gilad E. , Paret G. , Katz M. , Vardi A. , Kennet G. , Barzilay Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGastrointestinal perforation is a surgical emergency in the pediatric patient and any delay in diagnosis might be hazardous. In immunocompromised children, the clinical signs of perforation may be blunted. We describe a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a perforated appendix and ileum in whom computerized tomography (CT) revealed extraluminal air that was not initially identified on plain abdominal film. Our case demonstrates the importance of early abdominal CT and ultrasound examination in detecting these potentially lethal complications. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute renal failure in high dose carboplatin chemotherapy
Authors: Frenkel Joost , Kool Gea , De Kraker Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarboplatin has been reported to cause acute renal failure when administered in high doses to adult patients. We report a 4 1/2‐year‐old girl who was treated with high‐dose carboplatin for metastatic parameningeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Acute renal failure developed followed by a slow partial recovery of renal function. Possible contributing factors are discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiovascular risk profile of early and later onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Song SH , Hardisty CA 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile between early (<40 years of age) and later (>40 years of age) onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without prior history of CVD.A cross‐sectional study was undertaken on hospital‐based patients identified from the diabetes register. T2DM patients without prior history of CVD were included for analysis. The CVD risk profile as defined by obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension was compared between early and later onset T2DM patients. The proportion of lipid and blood pressure lowering treatment in each group was also determined.In all, 1057 T2DM patients were identified of whom 67 (6.3%) and 990 (93.7%) were aged below and above 40 years, respectively. Sixty‐seven and 667 patients did not have CVD complications in the early and later onset cohorts, respectively. Despite being ∼three decades younger with a shorter duration of diabetes, early onset patients had poorer glycaemic control compared to the later onset cohort. A significant proportion of these young diabetic patients had hypertension (∼80%) and adverse dyslipidaemic profile (∼80%) with higher triglyceride and lower HDL. Morbid obesity (body mass index >40) was more common among the early onset cohort (∼25%). Significantly less early onset patients were treated with statin and anti‐hypertensive medications particularly among female subjects.It was concluded that, despite having an adverse CVD risk profile, early onset patients with T2DM were less likely to receive cardio‐protective treatment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Anatomy of the prostate: An historical survey of divergent views
Authors: McNeal John E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHistorically, the study of the prostate anatomy has been characterized by a proliferation of contradictory findings. The major divergent views of prostate anatomy are here reviewed and compared in order to facilitate further study and the ultimate selection of the best anatomical model. The details of Lowsley's original concept of the prostate lobes and the subsequent evolution of this concept into several contradictory hypotheses are traced. Discrepancies between the findings of Lowsley, Franks, and McNeal are explained. Conclusions are drawn which may facilitate the further study of anatomy and disease in both the human animal prostate.
Endocrine control and physiology of the prostate
Authors: Sandberg Avery A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe endocrine control of prostatic physiology and anatomy is reviewed with emphasis on those factors in the hypothalamus and anterior adenohypophysis which affect the gland either directly or through the testes. The role of circulating estrogens and androgens and their binding to plasma proteins is presented, and the intracellular metabolism of testosterone, particularly in relation to specific receptors, is summarized. The possible significance of intracellular events in prostate cancer development is considered with particular emphasis on those parameters which may reside outside the endocrine effects on the prostatic cells.
An assessment of bone scans for monitoring osseous metastases in patients being treated for prostate carcinoma
Authors: Slack N. H. , Karr J. P. , Chu T. M. , Murphy G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe National Prostatic Cancer Project held a workshop in March 1980 to examine procedures used to evaluate bone metastases. Variations in techniques used by each of 9 treatment centers, as well as the National Cancer Institute, were compared. One center in particular had developed procedures for quantitating bone scans in addition to the customary qualitative evaluation. Changes in bone scan assessments were also related to changing levels of isoenzymes of acid and alkaline phosphatase. Most consistently correlated with disease changes were prostatic acid phosphatase, as determined by counter‐immuno‐electrophoresis, and the isoenzyme of bone alkaline phosphatase. Gamma cameras were recommended over rectilnear scanners as were multiple spot films to concentrate on problem areas. Bone scans must be performed prior to therapy and for best assessment no sooner than 3 months to avoid the flair phenomenon. Consistency of both machine settings and patient position are paramount, as are quality of equipment and review of past scans and X‐ray films where appropriate to obtain the best assessment of disease status.
Evaluation of prostatic carcinoma: Noninvasive and preoperative techniques
Authors: Resnick Martin I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransrectal ultrasonography was performed in 345 patients with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent simple prostatectomy. Four patients with negative ultrasonic scans were found to have stage A2 prostatic tumors. Of the 57 patients with positive scans, ten were found to have clinically unsuspected carcinoma; however, changes secondary to carcinoma could not reliably be differentiated from those resulting from chronic inflammation and calculi. Transrectal portable ultrasonography is useful for the staging of patients with prostatic cancer, and four of the ten patients with seemingly stage B disease were found to have seminal vesicle involvement. Tumor response to endocrine therapy can be objectively monitored, but tumor reactivation often goes undetected. Because the technique does not reliably differentiate carcinoma, chronic inflammation, and calculi, the use of transrectal ultrasonography in the screening of asymptomatic patients in an effort to detect early carcinoma appears to be of limited value.
Levels of carbenicillin in serum and prostatic tissue after intravenous administration in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Mishina Teruo , Miyakoda Keiichi , Araki Hirotaka , Watanabe Hiroki , Kaiho Hiroo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarbenicillin (CB‐PC) was administered intravenously (5 gm over one‐half hour) to 25 patients suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostatic biopsies and sera were obtained one, two, three, four, and five hours later for histology and biochemical analyses of the serum and prostatic tissue levels of CB‐PC. The serum and prostatic tissue levels of carbenicillin attained were sufficient to eradicate gram‐negative bacteria within the five time intervals studied. The ratio of prostatic tissue level of CB‐PC to the serum level of this agent increased in proportion to the grading of round cell infiltration of the prostatic tissue. The results of this study point to the clinical usefulness of CB‐PC in the treatment of chronic and acute prostatitis.
Immunology and biochemistry of the regan isoenzyme
Authors: Fishman William H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Regan isoenzyme is a placental‐type alkaline phosphatase that is expressed in a number of human tumors, particularly in gonadal and urologic cancers. Attention is given to the unique gene that codes for placental alkaline phosphatase and the similarities and differences in the tumor and placental gene products. The separation and identification of individual organ‐specific isoenzymes is accomplished by a variety of biochemical, immunologic, and electrophoretic techniques and the correlation of the Regan isoenzyme, non‐Regan isoenzyme, and Nagao isoenzyme, and the Kasahara isoenzyme is made with their developmental counterparts. The L‐leucine‐sensitive phenotypes of placental and tumor alkaline phosphatases and the non‐Regan early placental type alkaline phosphatases appear to be developmental phase‐specific. Oncotrophoblast gene expression has been investigated with monophenotypic cell culture lines as a consequence of modulation by prednisolone and hyperosmolarity. Finally, general discussion of oncodevelopmental proteins as tumor markers precedes a current opinion of Regan isoenzyme as a tumor marker. Evidence now points to seminoma as a consistent producer of Regan isoenzyme although much more work will be required to establish its clinical utility.
Radioimmunoassay of bone marrow prostatic acid phosphatase
Authors: Bruce Andrew W. , Mahan Donald E. , Beleville William D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical value of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) measurements in the bone marrow aspirate of patients with prostatic adenocarinoma has been unclear. Using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure PAP, we have evaluated this potential indicator of occult metastases in 127 controls and in 300 patients with prostatic adenocarinoma. Elevations of the tumor marker were found in 9%, 10%, 19%, and 82% of patients with stages B, C, D1, and D2 adenocarcinoma respectively. Clinical follow‐up ranging from 7 to 43 months (average 23 months) was available for 97 patients without any initial indication of metastasis by bone scan. In this group 11 patients had elevated levels of bone marrow acid phosphatase (BMAP) by RIA and four developed radiological evidence of bone metastais 21 – 25 months following initial staging. However, only three of the 86 patients with normal BMAP levels have developed bone metastasis. Our results indicate that measurement of bone marrow PAP by immunological methods has prognostic significance. Dilution of the bone marrow aspirate by peripheral blood, however, may limit the application of this technique.
The prostate of the nonhuman primate: Normal anatomy and pathology
Authors: Lewis R. W. , Kim J. C. S. , Irani D. , Roberts J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe caudal and cranial prostate of different species of nonhuman primates were examined for histologic characteristics and pathological abnormalities. One hundred specimens from 12 species were represented. Among the pathologies found were: 1) cystic hyperplasia; 2) fibromuscular hyperplasia; 3) squamous metaplasia; 4) chronic and acute bacterial prostatitis; 5) prostate adenocarcinoma; and 6) other miscellaneous pathologic changes. A historical review of histological characteristics and pathological abnormalities of the nonhuman primate prostate is given. Based upon findings in this study, anatomical similarity of the caudal lobe of the prostate to the peripheral zone of the prostate in humans as described by McNeal is found. In the patas monkey the relationship of the cranial and caudal lobe suggests strongly the relationship seen between the central and peripheral zones in man. The case of prostatic adenocarcinoma described has only been reported in one other nonhuman primate.
Androgen steroid‐receptor binding in the canine epididymis
Authors: Younes M. A. , Pierrepoint C. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe epididymis of the dog has been studied with regard to its ability to bind androgens with a high affinity and low capacity. A proteinaceous molecule was demonstrated in the high‐speed supernatant fraction of disrupted cells that bound DHT and sedimented in a sucrose density gradient with a sedimentation coefficient of 8S with respect to bovine serum albumin. This binding protein was able to transport DHT to the nucleus at elevated temperatures where it sedimented as a 4S in a 5–20% sucrose density gradient. Even though this protein appears to be similar to other androgen receptors in other accessory sex organs in a variety of mammalian tissue, it is different from androgen‐binding protein (ABP). The apparent specificity of the receptor protein for androgens was demonstrated using competition studies. The molecular configuration of the steroids was found to be instrumented in this selectivity. A reduced affinity of the androgen receptor was found when the steroid did not possess a hydroxyl group at the 17,β‐position and a 3‐oxo‐group irrespective of the degree of saturation of the A‐ring. Studies concerning the physical properties of the androgen binder revealed a protein with a molecular weight of 220,000, a Stokes' radius of 54Å, and a frictional ratio of 1.35.
The effect of estramustine phosphate on prostatic cancer estimated by transrectal ultrasonotomography
Authors: Watanabe H. , Ohe H. , Ando K. , Sawamura Y. , Niijima T. , Nakamura S. , Orikasa S. , Tanahashi Y. , Imamura K. , Yoshida H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransrectal Ultrasonotomography was performed in 44 patients with prostatic cancer before, during, and after estramustine phosphate (Estracyt®) administration. In 75.7% of 37 previously untreated patients, the deformity of the horizontal section of the prostate with prostatic cancer was corrected considerably, while in 89.2%, prostatic weight was remarkably reduced. In 57.1% of seven previously treated patients, appreciable changes were also observed in the shape and weight of the prostate. We concluded that estramustine phosphate was effective not only for untreated prostatic cancer, but also, at least in some degree, for relapsed cases.
Cancer serum index: A useful nonspecific test as a parameter in multimodality screening and assessment of patients with cancer of the prostate
Authors: Kundin W. D. , Mechali P. , Hollinshead A. C. , Miller H. , Bensimon H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA satisfactory, simple test for screening and monitoring of patients with prostatic cancer is still being sought. We suggest the use of a nonspecific test in combination with other tests. The ratio of two serum proteins (α1 acid glycoprotein [AGP] and prealbumin [PAB]), may be useful markers for a cancer serum index (CSI). By separating serum components by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, staining and quantitating these proteins by scanning densitometry, and dividing the area of AGP by that of PAB, indices can be obtained.In a test of sera from 450 patients with prostatic cancer, other urologic problems, and normal controls, CSIs of 360 sera presently decoded were found to be:

equation image
The CSI should prove highly valuable when used in combination with selected prostatic cancer tests.
Postnatal development of the ventral prostate gland in normal versus protein‐calorie malnourished rats
Authors: Weaker Frank J. , Herbert Damon C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the postnatal development of the secretory cells within the ventral prostate gland was studied in the protein‐calorie malnourished rat. Twenty‐day‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed either a low protein diet (LPD) containing % protein in the form of vitamin free casein or a standard laboratory diet (SLD) containing 27% protein. Animals maintained on the LPD and SLD were sacrificed every 7 days, beginning on Day 27 and ending on Day 55. The ventral prostate glands were perfused by whole body vascular perfusion via the left ventricle and processed for electron microscopy. The secretory cells of the prostates of the SLD‐fed rats demonstrated progressive development of the organelles involved in protein synthesis which included an increase in cisternal profiles of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), an enlargement of the Golgi apparatus, and an increase in the number of mature secretory granules. On the other hand, the growth of the secretory cells of the animals fed the LPD was retarded. The cells had an overall reduction in RER, the elements of the Golgi complex and the size of the nuclei as compared to age‐matched controls. Additionally, they were characterized by an increase in various vacuole‐like structures along with a concomitant decrease in mature secretory granules. These morphological observations suggest that protein‐calorie malnutrition impedes both the development of the ventral prostate gland and the secretory activity of its epithelial cells.
Prostatic hyperplasia and neoplasia in aging F344 rats
Authors: Reznik Gerd , Hamlin Melvin H. , Ward Jerrold M. , Stinson Sherman F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prostates of 1775 (614 control and 1161 experimental) 2‐year‐old F344 rats from 12 different carcinogen bioassays conducted by the Bioassay Program of the NCI and the NTP were evaluated histologically. The incidence of prostatic lesions including (atypical) hyperplastic foci, adenomas, and carcinomas was 6.8%. There was no difference in the type or incidence of the lesions between treated and untreated animals. Adenomas or carcinomas were found in 71 (4.0%) of the rats, primarily as incidental findings. The number of tumors and hyperplastic foci varied from laboratory to laboratory depending on the anatomical localization of the plane of the section. Most of the neoplasms were found in the ventrolateral lobes of the prostate (ventral prostate). When adequate sections were prepared of the ventral lobe, 10–20% of the prostates had these proliferative lesions. The lesions were usually small and originated in the epithelium of the alveoli and small ducts and were not associated with the common inflammatory lesions of the rat prostate. Thin fibrous capsules were formed in a few of the larger tumors. Metastases were not observed but there was local invasion into alveoli, ducts and interstitial connective tissue. Evidence is presented that the atypical hyperplasias progress to adenoma and carcinoma. The F344 rat offers a potential model for the study of latent prostatic preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions.
Circadian aspects of serum prolactin and TSH lowering by bromocriptine in patients with prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Tarquini Brunetto , Halberg Franz , Seal Ulysses S. , Benvenuti Maria , Cagnoni Mario 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBromocriptine mesylate lowers the serum concentration of prolactin and TSH in patients with prostatic hypertrophy as a function of drug administration time. The effect of a 2.5‐mg dose in lowering these two hormones in presumably similar patients is statistically highly significant and relatively large at unusual test times (in the evening); at other, conventional test or administration times (early morning or midday), it is smaller, questionable, or not demonstrable with the dose and conditions used. Dosing without timing may lead to reduced effect or lack of effect, ambiguity and controversy, and lack of timing may account for the circumstance that an effect of bromocriptine upon TSH in human serum was not previously established. Rigorous assessment of the effect of bromocriptine mesylate upon circulating TSH and prolactin requires consideration of the entire spectrum of rhythms, ultradian and infradian as well as circannual. The circadian approach here analyzed represents a step toward that goal and indicates that the circadian frequency is a critical determinant of this response. Manipulation of TSH concentration in serum, in turn, is of interest in view of the demonstrated alteration of the circannual TSH rhythm in patients with prostatic cancer.