bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death-signal-induced relocalization of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 to mitochondria
Authors: Feng Yongmei , Ariza Maria E. , Goulet Anne-Christine , Shi Jiaqi , Nelson Mark A. 
Published: November 2005

Fas receptor–Fas ligand interaction appears to be important in carcinogenesis, tumour outgrowth and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that CDK11 (cyclin-dependent kinase 11) plays a role in apoptosis and melanoma development. Here, we show that CDK11p110 protein kinase was cleaved after induction of apoptosis by Fas. The N-terminal portion of CDK11p110, CDK11p60, was translocated from the nucleus to the mitochondria. The targeting of CDK11p60 to mitochondria occurred as early as 12 h after treatment. Overexpression of EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein)-tagged CDK11p60 could partially break down the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce cytochrome c release and promote apoptosis. Reduction of endogenous CDK11p110 protein levels with siRNA (small interfering RNA) resulted in the suppression of both cytochrome c release and apoptosis. In addition, subcellular fractionation studies of Fas-mediated apoptosis demonstrated that CDK11p60 was associated with the mitochondrial import motor, mitochondrial heat shock protein 70. Taken together, our data suggest that CDK11p60 can contribute to apoptosis by direct signalling at the mitochondria, thereby amplifying Fas-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells.
Arsenite induces a cell stress-response gene, RTP801, through reactive oxygen species and transcription factors Elk-1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein
Authors: Lin Lin , Stringfield Teresa M. , Shi Xianglin , Chen Yan 
Published: November 2005

RTP801 is a newly discovered stress-response gene that is induced by hypoxia and other cell stress signals. Arsenic is a heavy metal that is linked to carcinogenesis in humans. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which arsenic induces RTP801 transcription. In HaCaT human keratinocytes, arsenite was able to induce a rapid rise in the RTP801 mRNA level. Correspondingly, arsenite treatment was capable of stimulating a 2.5 kb human RTP801 promoter. Such a stimulatory effect was inhibited by co-expression of superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase, and was abrogated by N-acetylcysteine, implying that ROS (reactive oxygen species) were involved in transcriptional regulation of the RTP801 gene. A series of deletion studies with the promoter revealed a critical arsenic-responsive region between −1057 and −981 bp of the promoter. Point mutations of the putative Elk-1 site and the C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) site within this region were able to reduce the stimulatory effect of arsenite, indicating that Elk-1 and C/EBP are involved in transcriptional regulation of the RTP801 gene by arsenite. Furthermore, a gel mobility-shift assay demonstrated that arsenite was able to mount the rapid formation of a protein complex that bound the arsenic-responsive region as well as the C/EBP-containing sequence. The arsenite stimulation on RTP801 transcription was partly mediated by the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway, since the effect of RTP801 was inhibited by a selective ERK inhibitor. In addition, overexpression of Elk-1 and C/EBPβ was able to elevate the promoter activity. Therefore these studies indicate that RTP801 is a transcriptional target of arsenic in human keratinocytes, and that arsenic and ROS production are linked to Elk-1 and C/EBP in the transcriptional control.
Transcriptional co-operativity between distant retinoic acid response elements in regulation ofCyp26A1inducibility
Authors: Loudig Olivier , Maclean Glenn A. , Dore Naomi L. , Luu Luong , Petkovich Martin 
Published: November 2005

Cyp26A1 encodes an RA (retinoic acid)-catabolizing CYP (cytochrome P450) protein that plays a critical role in regulating RA distribution in vivo. Cyp26A1 expression is inducible by RA, and the locus has previously been shown to contain a RARE (RA response element), R1, within the minimal promoter [Loudig, Babichuk, White, Abu-Abed, Mueller and Petkovich (2000) Mol. Endocrinol. 14, 1483–1497]. In the present study, we report the identification of a second functional RARE (R2) located 2.0 kb upstream of the Cyp26A1 transcriptional start site. Constructs containing murine sequences encompassing both R1 and R2 showed that these elements work together to generate higher transcriptional activity upon treatment with RA than those containing R1 alone. Inclusion of R2 also dramatically enhanced the sensitivity of reporter constructs to RA, as even treatment with 10−8 M RA resulted in a 5-fold induction of reporter activity. Mutational analysis identified R2 as the functional element responsible for the increased RA inducibility of promoter constructs. The element was shown to bind RARγ (RA receptor γ)/RXRα (retinoid X receptor α) heterodimers in vitro, and inclusion of nuclear receptors in transfections boosted the transcriptional response. A construct containing both R1 and R2 was used to generate a stable luciferase reporter cell line that can be used as a tool to identify factors regulating Cyp26A1 expression. The analysis of R1 and R2 has led to the proposal that the two elements work synergistically to provide a maximal response to RA and that R2 is an upstream enhancer.
The broad anti-viral agent glycyrrhizin directly modulates the fluidity of plasma membrane and HIV-1 envelope
Authors: Harada Shinji 
Published: November 2005

Cell entry of enveloped viruses requires a wide-fusion-pore mechanism, involving clustering of fusion-activated proteins and fluidization of the plasma membrane and viral envelope. In the present study, GL (glycyrrhizin) is reported to lower membrane fluidity, thus suppressing infection by HIV, influenza A virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, but not by poliovirus. GL-treated HIV-1 particles showed reduced infectivity. GL also inhibited cell-to-cell fusion induced by HIV-1 and HTLV-I (human T-cell leukaemia virus type I). However, when cells treated with 1 mg/ml GL were placed in GL-free medium, they showed increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and HTLV-I fusion due to enhancement of membrane fluidity. The membrane dependence of GL and GL removal experiments suggest that GL does affect the cell entry of viruses. HIVs with more gp120 were less dependent on temperature and less sensitive to GL treatment than those with less gp120, indicating that the existence of more gp120 molecules resulted in a higher probability of forming a cluster of fusion-activated proteins.
Rain or Shine: Where is the Weather Effect?
Authors: Goetzmann William N. , Zhu Ning 
Published: November 2005

Abstract There is considerable empirical evidence that emotion influences decision‐making. In this paper, we use a database of individual investor accounts to examine the weather effects on traders. Our analysis of the trading activity in five major US cities over a six‐year period finds virtually no difference in individuals’ propensity to buy or sell equities on cloudy days as opposed to sunny days. If the association between cloud cover and stock returns documented for New York and other world cities is indeed caused by investor mood swings, our findings suggest that researchers should focus on the attitudes of market‐makers, news providers or other agents physically located in the city hosting the exchange. NYSE spreads widen on cloudy days. When we control for this, the weather effect becomes smaller and insignificant. We interpret this as evidence that the behaviour of market‐makers, rather than individual investors, may be responsible for the relation between returns and weather.
Divergence of Opinion Surrounding Extreme Events
Authors: Loughran Tim , Marietta‐Westberg Jennifer 
Published: November 2005

Abstract This paper examines the stock market performance of a large sample of new issues (IPOs and SEOs) following an extreme price movement during the first three years after the offering. Strong underperformance follows either a positive or negative (at least +/−15%) one‐day return event. This poor performance cannot be explained by the Fama‐French four‐factor methodology, or by the generally low stock returns of growth firms. Unlike recent issuers, non‐issuers report no poor performance following a similar extreme event using the four‐factor methodology. The extreme event date shows very high levels of turnover, a measure of divergence of opinion. Finally, there is a strong negative linkage between higher levels of divergence of opinion and subsequent stock performance.
Can Companies Influence Investor Behaviour through Advertising? Super Bowl Commercials and Stock Returns
Authors: Fehle Frank , Tsyplakov Sergey , Zdorovtsov Vladimir 
Published: November 2005

Abstract Recent research shows that mood and attention may affect investors’ choices. In this paper we examine whether companies can create such mood and attention effects through advertising. We choose a natural experiment by investigating price reactions and trading activity for firms employing TV commercials in 19 Super Bowl broadcasts over the 1969–2001 period. We find significant positive abnormal returns for firms which are readily identifiable from the ad contents, which is consistent with the presence of mood and attention effects. For recognisable companies with the number of ads greater than the sample mean, the event is followed by an average abnormal one day return of 45 basis points. The effect appears to persist in the short term with the 20‐day post‐event cumulative abnormal returns for such firms averaging 2%. We find significant abnormal net buying activity for small trades in shares of recognised Super Bowl advertisers indicating that small investors tend to be the ones most attracted by the increased publicity.
A non‐randomised dose‐escalating phase II study of thalidomide for the treatment of patients with low‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes: the Thal‐SMD‐2000 trial of the Groupe Français des Myélodysplasies
Authors: Bouscary Didier , Legros Laurence , Tulliez Micheline , Dubois Stéphanie , Mahe Béatrice , Beyne‐Rauzy Odile , Quarre Marie C. , Vassilief Dominique , Varet Bruno , Aouba Achille , Gardembas Martine , Giraudier Stéphane , Guerci Agnès , Rousselot Philippe , Gaillard Fanny , Moreau Anne , Rousselet Marie C. , Ifrah Norbert , Fenaux Pierre , Dreyfus François ,   For The Groupe Français des Myélodysplasies (GFM)
Published: November 2005

SummaryPatients (n = 47) with low‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome were treated with thalidomide [200 mg/d, increased by 200 mg/d/4 weeks up to week 16]. Responses were evaluated according to the International Working Group criteria at week 16 for 39 patients who received at least 8 weeks of treatment. Twenty‐three (59%) patients showed haematological improvement (HI): four major erythroid response (HI‐EM), 15 minor erythroid response, six major neutrophil response, two major platelet response. Side effects caused 22/39 to stop thalidomide before week 16. Nine of 23 responders continued thalidomide after week 16 [19% of trial patients] with sustained response in eight of nine. Six reached week 56, including the four HI‐EM patients [13% of trial patients]. Nineteen of 36 red blood cell transfusion‐dependent patients (53%) showed erythroid response, but only four became transfusion‐independent. Among the 23 responders, the median duration of response was 260 d (range 30–650). Responses were sustained in all patients except one, and were observed between week 4 and week 8 in 85% of patients, at doses ranging from 200 to 400 mg. Only two patients responded at 600 mg/d and none at 800 mg/d. No clinical characteristics of responding versus non‐responding patients were identified. The erythroid response rate was identical in all cytogenetic subgroups, including 5q31.1 deletions. Pretreatment vascular endothelial growth factor levels were lower in responders compared with non‐responders (P = 0·004). Microvessel density (MVD) increased and apoptosis decreased in four of six and in all six responders studied respectively whereas MVD and apoptosis were unchanged in three non‐responders.
Harmonisation of factor VIII:C assay results: study within the framework of the Dutch project ‘Calibration 2000’
Authors: Van Den Besselaar Anton M. H. P. , Haas Fred J. L. M. , Kuypers Aldy W. H. M. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryIn a Dutch project for harmonisation of factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) assays, the commutability of potential calibrators for FVIII:C was assessed by means of a ‘twin‐study design’, which is in essence a multi‐centre, split‐patient sample, between‐field‐methods protocol. Commutability was defined as the degree to which a material yielded the same numerical relationships between results of measurements by a given set of measurement procedures as those between the expectations of the relationships for the same procedures applied to those types of material for which the procedures were intended. The study consisted of the simultaneous analysis of fresh frozen patient plasmas and three potential calibrators for FVIII:C by 16 Dutch laboratories forming eight couples. The state‐of‐the‐art intra‐laboratory standard deviation was used to assess the commutability of the potential calibrators. One potential calibrator was used to harmonise FVIII:C assay results in a Dutch field study. The inter‐laboratory coefficient of variation of two test samples could be reduced significantly, but no significant effect was observed with three other test samples. We recommend that at least three different sample dilutions be used in each FVIII:C assay, in agreement with previous recommendations.
Possible involvement of allogeneic antigens recognised by donor‐derived CD4+ cytotoxic T cells in selective GVL effects after stem cell transplantation of patients with haematological malignancy
Authors: Matsushita Maiko , Yamazaki Rie , Ikeda Hideyuki , Mori Takehiko , Sumimoto Hidetoshi , Fujita Tomonobu , Okamoto Shinichiro , Ikeda Yasuo , Kawakami Yutaka 
Published: November 2005

SummaryCytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines specific for allogeneic antigens were generated by in vitro stimulation of donor‐derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients who received human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). One of the allogeneic antigen‐specific CD4+ CTL lines, CTL‐A, generated from a patient with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, recognised HLA‐DPB1*0501‐positive Epstein–Barr virus‐immortalised human B cell line (EBV‐B cells), phytohaemagglutinin blasts and leukaemia cells, but not interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) treated HLA‐DPB1*0501‐positive fibroblasts, indicating that this CD4+ T‐cell line recognised a minor histocompatibility antigen (mHa) that is preferentially expressed in haematopoietic cells in an HLA‐DPB1*0501‐restricted manner. The other CD4+ CTL line, CTL‐B, generated from a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia, recognised mismatched HLA‐DQB1*0303 on EBV‐B cells and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) blasts. Interestingly, this CTL line did not recognise IFN‐γ‐treated recipient's skin fibroblasts, as HLA‐DQ was merely upregulated even after IFN‐γ stimulation in non‐haematopoietic cells including fibroblasts, endothelial cells and hepatocytes. These results suggest that these CD4 positive CTLs, specific for mismatch HLA‐DQ and mHa that are preferentially expressed on haematopoietic cells, may play an important role in induction of selective graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect without development of graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic HSCT.
TLX1/HOX11‐mediated disruption of primary thymocyte differentiation prior to the CD4+CD8+ double‐positive stage
Authors: Owens Bronwyn M. , Hawley Teresa S. , Spain Lisa M. , Kerkel Kristi A. , Hawley Robert G. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe TLX1/HOX11 homeobox gene is frequently activated in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) by the t(10;14)(q24;q11) and t(7;10)(q35;q24) chromosomal translocations or by as yet unknown transcriptional mechanisms in the absence of 10q24 cytogenetic abnormalities. Almost all TLX1+ T‐ALLs exhibit a CD4+CD8+ double‐positive (DP) phenotype. To investigate the role of TLX1 as an initiating oncogene in T‐ALL pathogenesis, we assessed the consequences of retroviral vector‐directed TLX1 expression during the differentiation of murine and human thymocytes in fetal thymic organ cultures. Interestingly, enforced expression of TLX1 disrupted the differentiation of murine fetal liver precursors and human cord blood CD34+ stem/progenitor cells prior to the DP thymocyte stage. Although differentiation arrest was associated with an increased percentage of apoptotic thymocytes, it could only be partially bypassed by coexpression of transgenic BCL2. Mutation of the invariant asparagine residue at position 51 of the homeodomain – which is required for efficient DNA binding – released the block, consistent with the notion that TLX1 inhibits thymocyte differentiation and promotes T‐cell oncogenesis by functioning as a transcription factor. The relevance of these findings is discussed in the context of activating NOTCH1 mutations and the other genetic lesions implicated in the multistep transformation process of TLX1+ T‐ALL.
Female mice are more susceptible to the development of allergic airway inflammation than male mice
Authors: Melgert B. N. , Postma D. S. , Kuipers I. , Geerlings M. , Luinge M. A. , van der Strate B. W. A. , Kerstjens H. A. M. , Timens W. , Hylkema M. N. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryBackground
In humans the prevalence of asthma is higher among females than among males after puberty. The reason for this phenomenon is not clear.Objective
We tested the hypothesis that female mice are more susceptible to the development of allergic asthma than male mice and studied allergic immune responses in the lung.Methods
We compared allergic airway inflammation, i.e. methacholine (MCh) responsiveness, serum IgE, and cytokines, and the number of the different leucocytes in lungs of male and female BALB/c mice, twice‐sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and subsequently challenged with OVA (OVA‐mice) or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS‐mice) aerosols on days 24–26, 30, and 31.Results
OVA challenge significantly increased MCh responsiveness, numbers of eosinophils, CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD25+ T cells, B cells, and levels of Thelper (Th)2 cytokines, total, and OVA‐specific IgE. There was, however, also an effect of gender, with female mice responding to OVA challenges with higher numbers of eosinophils, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and levels of IL‐4, IL‐13, IFN‐γ, total, and OVA‐specific IgE than male mice. In contrast, female PBS‐mice had significantly lower percentages of regulatory CD4+/CD25+ T cells than males (females 4.2±0.2% vs. males 5.3±0.1% of CD4+ T cells, P<0.05).Conclusion
Female mice develop a more pronounced type of allergic airway inflammation than male mice after OVA challenge. The reduced percentage of regulatory T cells in the lungs of female PBS‐mice may indicate that the level of these cells in the lung during the sensitization phase is important for the development and/or progression of an allergic immune response after multiple OVA challenges.
Genetic variability in the three genomes of Nasonia: nuclear, mitochondrial and Wolbachia
Authors: van Opijnen T. , Baudry E. , Baldo L. , Bartos J. , Werren J. H. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract Nasonia consists of three closely related species of parasitoid wasps that are all infected with the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia, a reproductive parasite common in arthropods. This situation presents the opportunity to compare patterns of variation in three associated genomes, Wolbachia and the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of its host. Furthermore, although Nasonia wasps are emerging as a model for evolutionary and genetic studies, little is known about their genetic variability. Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), all three species present a relatively high level of nuclear polymorphism and have different patterns of variation, with one of the species, Nasonia giraulti, being divided into two divergent subgroups. In each species, the mitochondrial pattern of variation is different from the nuclear pattern, possibly due to genetic hitchhiking of the mitochondria during (cytoplasmically inherited) Wolbachia sweeps. Mitochondria in Nasonia show a synonymous substitution rate approximately 10–15‐fold higher than nuclear genes, probably reflecting an elevated mitochondrial mutation rate that is among the highest found in insects. Finally, all three species are doubly infected with their own strains of Wolbachia, one each from the two major supergroups (A and B). Sequence analysis reveals that each of the three Nasonia species acquired their A and B bacteria independently by horizontal transfer events from other insects with the exception of B type Wolbachia in N. longicornis and N. giraulti, which were acquired prior to speciation and then codiverged with the host. This represents one of the few clear‐cut examples of codivergence of Wolbachia during host speciation.
The expression of the HSP90 gene in response to winter and summer diapauses and thermal‐stress in the onion maggot, Delia antiqua
Authors: Chen B. , Kayukawa T. , Monteiro A. , Ishikawa Y. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe full‐length Hsp90 cDNA in Delia antiqua was cloned and sequenced. The deduced polypeptide comprised 717 amino acid residues, with a molecular mass of 82 140 Da. Summer‐ and winter‐diapauses both elevated HSP90 transcript levels in D. antiqua pupae. Levels gradually increased with time in summer diapausing pupae whereas levels fluctuated in winter diapausing pupae. Cold‐ and heat‐stressing summer‐ and winter‐diapausing individuals further elevated HSP90 expression. mRNA levels gradually increased with time in summer diapausing pupae whereas levels decreased with time after an initial increase in winter diapausing pupae. HSP90 expression was also up‐regulated following cold‐ and heat‐stresses in non‐diapausing pupae. Heat‐stress gradually increased the mRNA level with time whereas cold‐stress gradually decreased levels after an initial increase. These results suggest that the development and physiology of summer‐ and winter‐diapauses, as monitored via variation in HSP90 transcript levels, can be substantial different.