bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCR monitoring of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium dynamics in fermentations by piglet intestinal microbiota
Authors: Moura Patrícia , Simões Fernanda , Gírio Francisco , Loureiro‐Dias Maria C. , Esteves M. Paula 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new group‐specific primer (Lact71R), targeting the 16S‐23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of Lactobacillus, was tested in its specificity to amplify rDNA of lactobacilli from piglet intestinal origin by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lact71R and Lab0677F, a Lactobacillus group‐specific primer targeting the 16S rDNA, generated a common amplicon by PCR with DNA from Lactobacillus and Pediococcus reference strains, but not from Weissella strains. Sequence analysis of clones obtained by PCR amplification with Lact71R and Lab0677F and total DNA isolated from the ileal, caecal and colonic contents of one piglet resulted in Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus ‐like sequences mainly retrieved from intestinal environments. The primer pair was further validated in a culture independent PCR‐analysis to monitor broad fluctuations of lactobacilli populations in fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) fermentations by piglet intestinal microbiota. Bifidobacterium genus‐specific primers were also used for PCR titre determination throughout FOS fermentations, in parallel with lactate and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) quantification. Increases between PCR titres were correlated with lactate detection in early stages of fermentation. Based on the obtained results, a simple monitoring PCR approach is proposed, foreseeing its application to the study of the dynamics of specific bacterial populations in complex environments. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Expression and characterization of the chaperonin molecular machine from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Chen Hua‐You , Chu Zhong‐Mei , Ma Yan‐He , Zhang Yi , Yang Sheng‐Li 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe chaperonin molecular machine from hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus was studied in this paper. The Pyrococcus furiosus chaperonin gene (PfCPN) was amplified by PCR from the Pyrococcus furiosus genomic DNA, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21‐Codonplus(DE)3‐RIL. The recombinant PfCPN was purified to homogeneity by using ion‐exchange and size‐exclusion chromatography. It was found that the ATPase activity of the PfCPN was highest at 88 °C, and there existed a nested cooperativity of the ATPase activity of the PfCPN. This result suggested that nested allosteric behavior may be common to chaperonin molecular machines from archaea. The half‐life (t1/2) of the ATPase activity of the PfCPN at 100 °C was about 60 min. The PfCPN displayed chaperone activity in preventing lysozyme from thermal inactivation. This chaperone activity was in an ATP‐dependent manner. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman spectroscopy of dawsonite NaAl(CO3)(OH)2
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Bouzaid Jocelyn M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRaman spectroscopy both at 298 and 77 K complemented with infrared spectroscopy was used to study the structure of dawsonite. Previous crystallographic studies concluded that the structure of dawsonite was a simple one; however, both Raman and infrared spectroscopy show that this conclusion is incorrect. Multiple bands are observed in both the Raman and infrared spectra in the antisymmetric stretching and bending regions, showing that the symmetry of the carbonate anion is reduced and in all probability the carbonate anions are not equivalent in the dawsonite structure. Multiple OH deformation vibrations centred around 950 cm−1 in both Raman and infrared spectra show that the OH units in the dawsonite structure are non‐equivalent. Calculations using the position of the Raman and infrared OH stretching vibrations enabled estimates of the hydrogen‐bond distances of 0.2735 and 0.27219 pm at 298 K, and 0.27315 and 0.2713 pm at 77 K to be made. This indicates strong hydrogen bonding of the OH units in the dawsonite structure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy of optical phonons confined in semiconductor quantum dots and nanocrystals
Authors: Rolo A. G. , Vasilevskiy M. I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper gives an overview of theoretical and experimental results on Raman‐active optical phonon modes confined in nearly spherical nanocrystals (NCs) of polar semiconductor materials with cubic crystal structure. A systematic consideration of the effect of reduced dimensionality on both electrons and phonons is presented. The theoretical approach is based on a continuum lattice dynamics model and the effective mass approximation for electronic states in the NCs. Calculated resonant and non‐resonant Raman scattering spectra are compared to experimental data stressing the effects of phonon confinement, type of excitation, polaron correction to the exciton spectrum enhanced because of the reduced dimensionality, and individual features of the NC material. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of collagen preparations used as carriers of potassium iodide on retention of iodine and thiamine during cooking and storage of pork meatballs
Authors: Waszkowiak Katarzyna , Szymandera‐Buszka Krystyna 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe application of collagen preparations as carriers of iodine salts in the production of meat dishes was investigated in this study. Meatballs with addition of collagen fibre or collagen hydrolysate, both impregnated with potassium iodide, were cooked and cold‐ or freezer‐stored. After thermal processing and during storage of meatballs the iodine and thiamine contents were determined and compared to their contents in meatballs to which potassium iodide was introduced using iodized table salt. It has been shown that the application of both collagen preparations as carriers of potassium iodide increases the stability of this compound during cooking and storage of meatballs in comparison to its stability in products with iodized table salt. Collagen preparations, improving potassium iodide stability, also limit thiamine losses in the product. A more advantageous effect, both on iodine and thiamine retention, is achieved for the collagen preparation with a higher water binding capacity. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Combinatorial Methods and Informatics Provide Insight into Physical Properties and Structure Relationships during IPN Formation
Authors: Nowers Joseph R. , Broderick Scott R. , Rajan Krishna , Narasimhan Balaji 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCombinatorial methods and informatics are applied to the study of complex property‐structure‐processing relationships during interpenetrating polymer network formation in an epoxy/acrylate system. Principal component analysis of a dataset that covers different compositions and process sequences successfully identifies the most unique samples as well as relationships between material properties. The relationships between material properties can be exploited in future investigations by allowing high throughput screening and as a guide for engineering materials. The use of combinatorial methods, high throughput screening, and informatics will lead to accelerated material design.magnified image
Synergistic effects of multiple treatments, and both DNA and RNA direct bindings on, green tea catechins
Authors: Kuzuhara Takashi , Tanabe Akitoshi , Sei Yoshihisa , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Suganuma Masami , Fujiki Hirota 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article reviews two main topics: (1) the synergistic effects of multiple treatments with green tea catechin and (2) the direct binding of (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to both DNA and RNA molecules. Japanese drink green tea throughout the day, so we studied whether multiple treatments of cells with EGCG would enhance the expression of apoptosis‐related genes, such as growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible gene (GADD153) and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor gene (p21waf1): The results suggest that the synergistic enhancement of both GADD153 and p21waf1 gene expressions by multiple treatments plays a significant role in human cancer prevention with green tea beverage. Our previous observation—that nucleic acids extracted from catechin‐treated cells are colored—allowed us to speculate that catechins directly interact with nucleic acids. Surface plasmon resonance assay (Biacore) indicated that four catechins, EGCG, (−)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG), (+)‐gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and (+)‐catechin gallate (CG), bound to DNA oligomers. Cold spray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI‐MS) analysis showed that one to three EGCG molecules bound to single‐stranded 18 mers of DNA and RNA. Moreover, one or two molecules of EGCG bound to double‐stranded AG:CT oligomers of various nucleotide lengths. Double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) oligomers were detected only as EGCG‐bound forms at high temperature, whereas at low temperature both the free and bound forms were detected, suggesting that EGCG protects double‐stranded DNA oligomers from double‐stranded melting into single‐stranded DNA. We assume that catechins accumulate in both double‐stranded DNA and RNA molecules through multiple administrations of green tea beverage in in vivo, and that the accumulated green tea catechins play a significant role for human cancer prevention. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birth of correctly genotyped calves after multiplex marker detection from bovine embryo microblade biopsies
Authors: Peippo Jaana , Viitala Sirja , Virta Jouni , Räty Mervi , Tammiranta Niina , Lamminen Terttu , Aro Johanna , Myllymäki Hannu , Vilkki Johanna 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe report a method for multiplex genotyping of bovine embryo microblade biopsies. We have tested the reliability of the method and the viability of the embryos in vitro and in vivo. Two polymorphic gene markers (GHR F279Y and PRLR S18N) associated with milk production traits and one marker for sex diagnosis (ZFX/ZFY) were genotyped simultaneously with a method that combines nested PCR and allelic discrimination. To test the accuracy of genotyping, in the first experiment the genotypes of 134 biopsies from in vitro produced embryos were compared to genotypes determined from the corresponding embryos after biopsy. The method proved to be highly accurate as only in three cases (two for PRLR S18N and one for GHR F279Y) out of 395 genotypes the genotype was in disagreement between the two samples. The viability of similarly biopsied embryos was tested in parallel: after 24‐hr culture 94.6% of embryos recovered in vitro. In the second experiment, a total of 150 in vivo‐produced embryos were biopsied on Day 7 and genotyped. After the genotyping results were obtained on Day 8, female embryos were selected for transfer. From a total of 57 selected embryos 43 were transferred individually and 14 as pairs. After single embryo transfers, 19 recipients became pregnant and after embryo transfers in pairs one became pregnant. The success of genotyping was tested with the genotypes of donors and bulls and also from the hair samples of born calves. All calves were females and of the same genotypes determined from the biopsy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1373–1378, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and characterization of a novel Xenopus gene (xVAP019) encoding a DUF1208 domain containing protein
Authors: Ruan Xu Zhi , Yang Han Suo , Yao Shao Hua , Ma Fan Xin , Zhao Xin Yu , Yan Fei , Wang Chun Ting , Lai Song Tao , Deng Hong Xin , Wei Yu Quan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have identified a novel Xenopus gene (xVAP019) encoding a DUF1208 domain containing protein. Using whole‐mount in situ hybridization and RT‐PCR, we found abundant xVAP019 maternal transcripts in the animal hemisphere during the cleavage stages and blastula stages. During gastrulation xVAP019 is differentially expressed with higher levels in the animal helf and the highest in marginal zone, then further expressed widely at neuronal stages with strongest signals in the prospective CNS regions and the epidermal ectoderm. Subsequently xVAP019 was expressed predominantly in the head, the eyes, the otic vesicle, branchial arches, spinal cord, notochord, somites, and tailbud. It is absent or very weak in the endoderm. Injecting a morpholino oligo complementary to xVAP019 mRNA or injecting a caped xVAP019 mRNA caused most of embryos to die during gastrulation and neurulation. Overexpression of xVAP019 mRNA also led to eye defect, shorten interocular distance, small body size and abnormal pigment formation in parts of the survival embryos. Similar effects were induced by injecting the xVAP019 human homologous gene FAM92A1. Our results suggest that xVAP019 is essential for the normal ectoderm and axis mesoderm differentiation and embryos survival. This investigation is for the first time in vivo study examining the role of this novel gene and reveals an important role of xVAP019 in embryonic development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1505–1513, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns in cultured bovine fibroblasts for nuclear transfer
Authors: Giraldo Angelica M. , Lynn John W. , Purpera Megan N. , Godke Robert A. , Bondioli Kenneth R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEvidence indicates that failure of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos to develop normally can be attributed, at least partially, to the use of a differentiated cell nucleus as the donor karyoplast. It has been hypothesized that blastocyst production and development to term of cloned embryos may differ between population doublings (PDs) of the same cell line as a consequence of changes in DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns during in vitro culture. The objective of this study was to determine gene expression patterns of the chromatin remodeling proteins DNA methyltransferase‐1 (Dnmt1), methyl CpG binding protein‐2 (MeCP2), and histone deacetyltransferse‐1 (HDAC1), in addition, to measuring levels of DNA methylation and histone acetylation of bovine fibroblast cells at different PDs. Bovine fibroblast cell lines were established from four 50‐day fetuses. Relative levels of Dnmt1, MeCP2, HDAC1, methylated DNA, and acetylated histone were analyzed at PDs 2, 7, 15, 30, 45, and 70. RNA levels of Dnmt1, HDAC1, and MeCP2 were examined using Q‐PCR. Global levels of methylated DNA and acetylated histone were determined by incubation of fixed cells with an anti‐5‐methylcytidine and anti‐acetyl‐histone H3 antibody, respectively. Cells were labeled with a second antibody, counter‐stained with propidium iodide and analyzed by flow cytometry. These data demonstrate that chromatin remodeling protein mRNAs involved in epigenetic modifications are altered during in vitro culture. Methylated DNA and acetylated histone patterns of in vitro cells change with time in culture. Subsequent use of these cells for NT will provide insight as to how these epigenetic modifications affect reprogramming. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1514–1524, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric assessment of feto‐maternal hemorrhage; a comparison with Betke–Kleihauer
Authors: Fernandes Bernard J. , von Dadelszen Peter , Fazal Inez , Bansil Nikki , Ryan Greg 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectivesAssessing the number of fetal cells in the maternal circulation quantifies the volume of feto‐maternal hemorrhage, enhancing the ability to provide effective prevention of Rhesus (Rh) allommunization and appropriate fetal surveillance in cases of significant feto‐maternal hemorrhage.MethodsHaving developed a standard curve with maternal samples spiked with known volumes of fetal red blood cells, we used a flow cytometric method using fluorescent labeled antihemoglobin F to quantitate fetal cells in the maternal circulatory system in two groups of women undergoing chorionic villus sampling (CVS), by either biopsy forceps or cannula aspiration (n = 170 women). We compared these results with the gold standard, the Betke–Kleihauer test.ResultsOur results show good correlation between the flow cytometric method and the traditional Betke–Kleihauer method for fetal red cell quantitation (r2 = 0.99). Fetal red blood cells were identified in 10 women by the Betke–Kleihauer method, and in 26 women by flow cytometry. CVS was not associated with an increase in feto‐maternal hemorrhage.ConclusionFlow cytometry was both more sensitive and more timely for the quantitation of feto‐maternal hemorrhage than was Betke–Kleihauer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four cases of fetal hypoechoic hepatomegaly associated with Trisomy 21 and transient abnormal myelopoiesis
Authors: Kikuchi Akira , Tamura Nozomi , Ishii Keisuke , Takakuwa Koichi , Matsunaga Masamichi , Sudo Norihito , Tanaka Kenichi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to determine the clinical significance of fetal hypoechoic hepatomegaly and serial change of liver sizes.MethodsThe liver sizes of four fetuses with hypoechoic hepatomegaly were serially estimated by liver length, as measured from the dome of the right hemidiaphragm to the tip of the right lobe.ResultsAll cases were associated with trisomy 21 or transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). Two cases were trisomy 21 with TAM, one case was a phenotypically normal newborn, who had developed TAM during the fetal period, and the last case was trisomy 21 without TAM. In the last case, it is speculated that TAM had developed and regressed completely before birth. Two cases, whose hepatomegaly had improved before birth, showed good prognosis and the other two cases, in whom improvement had not been observed, resulted in death after birth by liver failure.ConclusionThese experiences show that one of the differential diagnoses of hypoechoic hepatosplenomegaly is TAM and that the change of live size is a predictor of prognosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of response mode and subject characteristics on learning in programed instruction
Authors: Sulzbacher Stephen 
Published: April 2007

Abstract60 Ss took a program in one of three ways: writing the answer, “thinking” the answer without writing it, or reading a program with the answers filled in. Results indicated no significant differences among the groups on two measures of amount learned. Low positive correlations were obtained between amount learned and IQ and reading comprehension of the Ss. Percent error on test frames within the program was negatively correlated with adjusted gain scores (r = −0.71). Results were also related to possible pragmatic applications.
Observations on the analysis and control of teacher‐student interaction in the foreign language classroom based on video‐tape recordings
Authors: Knapp Stephen F. , Dugas Donald , Geis George L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSix one‐hour sections of an intensified first‐ and second‐year French course conducted by graduate‐student teaching fellows were video‐taped. These tapes were analyzed in order to determine teaching problems related to teacher‐student interactions. The analysis led to specific recommendations for more effective and efficient classroom teaching concerning specification of student terminal behavior, diagnostic testing, strategies of teaching, contingency management, and language skills. A filmed training program, based on the videotapes, was administered to the teaching fellows.
Vinyl copolymers containing pendant 1,3,4‐oxadiazole chromophores: Preparation and electrochemical and electroluminescent properties
Authors: Yeh Kun‐Ming , Chen Yun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThree vinyl copolymers (P1–P3) containing pendant aromatic 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives were prepared from their precursor poly(styrene‐ran‐4‐vinylbenzyl chloride) (weight‐average molecular weight = 11,400, polydispersity index = 1.18), which had been synthesized by controlled radical polymerization (reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer). The copolymers were readily soluble in common organic solvents and were basically amorphous materials with 5% weight loss temperatures higher than 360°C. The photoluminescence spectroscopy results revealed that the architectures of P2 and P3 suppressed aggregate formation in the solid state. The LUMO levels of P2 (−3.10 eV) and P3 (−3.09 eV), estimated from cyclic voltammetry data, were much higher than that of P1 (−3.81 eV). The HOMO levels were in the order of P3 (−5.37 eV) > P2 (−5.77 eV) > P1 (−5.96 eV). However, both the HOMO and LUMO levels of P1–P3 were much lower than that of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexoxy)‐p‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) because of the electron‐withdrawing characteristics of the pendant aromatic 1,3,4‐oxadiazole groups. The luminance (5860 cd/m2) and current efficiency (1.45 cd/A) of an electroluminescence device [indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene)/MEH‐PPV/Al] were improved significantly to 16,261 cd/m2 and 4.79 cd/A, respectively, through blending with P2 (50/50). This study suggests that copolymers P1–P3 are versatile materials for electron‐transport/injection applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2259–2272, 2007
Novel synthesis of biodegradable poly(lactide‐co‐ethylene glycol) block copolymers
Authors: Lemmouchi Yahia , Perry Michael C. , Amass Allan J. , Chakraborty Khirud , Schué Francois 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBiodegradable and amphiphilic diblock copolymers [polylactide‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)] and triblock copolymers [polylactide‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐polylactide] were synthesized by the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of lactides in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether or poly(ethylene glycol) and potassium hexamethyldisilazide as a catalyst. The polymerization in toluene at room temperature was very fast, yielding copolymers of controlled molecular weights and tailored molecular architectures. The chemical structure of the copolymers was investigated with 1H and 13C NMR. The formation of block copolymers was confirmed by 13C NMR and differential scanning calorimetry investigations. The monomodal profile of the molecular weight distribution by gel permeation chromatography provided further evidence of block copolymer formation as well as the absence of cyclic species. Additional confirmation of the block copolymers was obtained by the substitution of 2‐butanol for poly(ethylene glycol); butyl groups were clearly identified by 1H NMR as polymer chain end groups. The effects of the copolymer composition and lactide stereochemistry on the copolymer properties were examined. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2235–2245, 2007
Molecular motion of polycarbonate included in γ‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Paik Younkee , Poliks Barbara , Rusa Cristian C. , Tonelli Alan E. , Schaefer Jacob 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMolecular motions of single polycarbonate (PC) chains threaded into crystalline γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) channels were examined using solid‐state 13C NMR and molecular dynamics simulations. The location of PC within the channels was confirmed by spin diffusion from a PC 13C label to natural‐abundance 13C of the γ‐CD. Rotor‐encoded longitudinal magnetization (RELM) (under 7‐kHz magic‐angle sample‐spinning conditions) was combined with multiple‐pulse 1H‐1H dipolar decoupling to detect large‐amplitude phenyl‐ring motion in both bulk PC and polycarbonate γ‐cyclodextrin inclusion compound (PC‐γ‐CD). The RELM results indicate that the phenyl rings in PC‐γ‐CD undergo 180° flips faster than 10 kHz just as in bulk PC. The molecular dynamics simulations show that the frequency of the phenyl‐ring flips depends on the cooperative motions of PC atoms and neighboring atoms of the γ‐CD channel. The distribution of protonated aromatic‐carbon laboratory and rotating‐frame 13C spin‐lattice relaxation rates for bulk PC and PC‐γ‐CD are similar but not identical. The distributions for both systems arise from site heterogeneities. For bulk PC, the heterogeneity is attributed to variations in local chain packing, and for PC‐γ‐CD the heterogeneity arises from variations in the location of the PC phenyl rings in the γ‐CD channel. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1271–1282, 2007