bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor variation and loss of multipotency during in vitro expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Siddappa Ramakrishnaiah , Licht Ruud , van Blitterswijk Clemens , de Boer Jan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe use of multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for tissue engineering has been a subject of extensive research. The donor variation in growth, differentiation and in vivo bone forming ability of hMSCs is a bottleneck for standardization of therapeutic protocols. In this study, we isolated and characterized hMSCs from 19 independent donors, aged between 27 and 85 years, and investigated the extent of heterogeneity of the cells and the extent to which hMSCs can be expanded without loosing multipotency. Dexamethasone‐induced ALP expression varied between 1.2‐ and 3.7‐fold, but no correlation was found with age, gender, or source of isolation. The cells from donors with a higher percentage of ALP‐positive cells in control and dexamethasone‐induced groups showed more calcium deposition than cells with lower percentage of ALP positive cells. Despite the variability in osteogenic gene expression among the donors tested, ALP, Collagen type 1, osteocalcin, and S100A4 showed similar trends during the course of osteogenic differentiation. In vitro expansion studies showed that hMSCs can be effectively expanded up to four passages (approximately 10–12 population doublings from a P0 culture) while retaining their multipotency. Our in vivo studies suggest a correlation between in vitro ALP expression and in vivo bone formation. In conclusion, irrespective of age, gender, and source of isolation, cells from all donors showed osteogenic potential. The variability in ALP expression appears to be a result of sampling method and cellular heterogeneity among the donor population. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1029–1041, 2007
The effect of a subject‐specific amount of lateral wedge on knee mechanics in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Butler Robert J. , Marchesi Stephanie , Royer Todd , Davis Irene S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe examined if a subject‐specific amount of lateral wedge added to a foot orthosis could alter knee mechanics to potentially reduce the progression of knee osteoarthritis in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Twenty individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis (≥2 Kellgren Lawrence grade) were prescribed a custom laterally wedged foot orthotic device. The prescribed wedge amount was the minimal wedge amount that provided the maximum amount of pain reduction during a lateral step‐down test. Following an accommodation period, all subjects returned to the laboratory for a gait analysis. Knee mechanics were collected as the subjects walked at an intentional walking speed. Walking in the laterally wedged orthotic device significantly reduced the peak adduction moment during early stance (p < 0.01) compared to the nonwedged device. Similarly, the wedged orthotic device significantly reduced the knee adduction excursion from heel strike to peak adduction (p < 0.01) compared to the nonwedged device. No differences in the peak adduction moment during propulsion or peak adduction during stance were observed between the orthotic conditions. A subject‐specific laterally wedged orthotic device was able to reduce the peak knee adduction moment during early stance, which is thought to be associated with the progression of knee osteoarthritis. Previous studies on this device have reported issues associated with foot discomfort when using wedge amounts >7 degrees; however, no such issues were reported in this study. Therefore, providing a custom laterally wedged orthotic device may potentially increase compliance while still potentially reducing disease progression. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1121–1127, 2007
Repair of bone defects in revision hip arthroplasty by implantation of a new bone‐inducing material comprised of recombinant human BMP‐2, Beta‐TCP powder, and a biodegradable polymer: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Hoshino Masatoshi , Namikawa Takashi , Kato Minori , Terai Hidetomi , Taguchi Susumu , Takaoka Kunio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA recombinant BMP‐2‐retaining putty‐form implant in combination with a hip prosthesis was used to reconstruct a canine hip joint with defects similar to those encountered in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The bone defects were made by resecting the medial half of the proximal femur and the superior acetabular bone with inner iliac wall perforation in 10 dogs. In five dogs, hip prostheses were implanted with the putty material consisting of a synthetic polymer (poly D,L‐lactic acid‐polyethylene glycol block copolymer), β‐tricalcium phosphate powder, and recombinant human BMP‐2 in each defect (BMP/Polymer/TCP group). In the remaining five dogs, the same material without rhBMP‐2 (control group) was implanted. In the BMP/Polymer/TCP group, new radiopaque shadows began to appear 4 weeks after surgery at the defects around the hip prostheses on both the femoral and acetabular sides. At 12 weeks, the defects were completely filled with new bone in contact with the prosthesis. On histology, the rhBMP‐2/Polymer/β‐TCP composite putty implants had been completely resorbed and replaced by new bone. Repair of the bone defects was not seen in the control group. The ability of this material to restore bone effectively eliminates the dependency on bone grafts of autogeneic or allogeneic origin for revision hip arthroplasty and thus opens up a potential new treatment approach in hip cases requiring this type of surgery. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1042–1051, 2007
Tea extraction methods in relation to control of epimerization of tea catechins
Authors: Liang Huiling , Liang Yuerong , Dong Junjie , Lu Jianliang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEffect of water temperature and ethanol concentration on epimerization and extractability of tea catechins was investigated. The results showed that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) were partially epimerized into gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and catechin gallate (CG), respectively, when tea catechins extract was heated in water solution at 100 °C for 2 h or dry tea was extracted in water at 100 °C. The epimerization of the catechins was inhibited if the tea catechins extract was heated as solid powder and the dry tea was extracted in 50% (v/v) ethanol or in water at 80 °C or below. When the dry tea was extracted in water, the extractability of catechins increased with the increase of extraction temperature up to 100 °C, but there was no statistically significant difference in total catechins between 80 °C and 100 °C. When teas were extracted using ethanol solutions, the highest extractability of total catechins was obtained in 50% (v/v) ethanol for dry tea and in 75% (v/v) ethanol for fresh tea leaf. In order to reveal the real profiles of tea catechins in teas to be tested, dry tea should be extracted in 50% (v/v) ethanol for 10 min, while fresh tea leaf should be extracted in 75% (v/v) ethanol for 10 min. For commercial extraction, temperature should be controlled at 80 °C if water is used as the solvent. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Surgery in malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Nguyen Scott Q. , Angel Luz P. , Divino Celia M. , Schluender Stefanie , Warner Richard R.P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundBecause of their rarity and indolent nature, optimal management of malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to review a series of patients with these tumors and investigate the role of surgery in the treatment.MethodsA retrospective study of 73 patients (ages 24–86 years; 36 women) undergoing treatment at a tertiary academic medical center was performed. Patient demographics, diagnostic tests, operations, pathologic findings, adjuvant treatments, and survival were reviewed.ResultsSeventy‐four percent of patients had advanced disease with hepatic metastases and 30% had functional tumors. Fifty‐seven percent of the patients underwent pancreatic resections. Two 60‐day mortalities occurred and the postoperative complication rate was 27%. Overall 5‐year survival rate was 44%. There was no difference in survival between patients with functional and nonfunctional tumors. Patients undergoing resection, even in metastatic disease, had better survival than patients who had no resection (60% vs. 30%, P = 0.025). Recurrence occurred in 20% of patients who underwent a curative resection.ConclusionPatients with malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors commonly present with advanced disease. Although, curative resection is not frequent, survival benefit may be obtainable with aggressive surgical management even in the face of metastatic disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:397–403. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Taurolidine induces apoptosis of murine melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo by modulation of the Bcl‐2 family proteins
Authors: Sun Bao Sheng , Wang Jiang Huai , Liu Lin Lin , Gong Shou Liang , Redmond H. Paul 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates whether taurolidine, a novel antibiotic agent, induces murine melanoma cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.MethodsMurine melanoma cells (B16 4A5 and B16 F10) were treated with taurolidine (0–100 µM) for 12 and 24 hr. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and FACScan analysis. Expression of the Bcl‐2 family proteins was detected by Western blot analysis. In vivo, taurolidine‐induced anti‐tumor cytotoxicity was assessed in C57BL/6 mice. Therapeutic effectiveness, by intraperitoneal injection of taurolidine (15 mg/mouse) on alternate days for 2 weeks, was evaluated in mice bearing B16 4A5 tumor xenografts. Primary and metastatic tumor growth and intra‐tumor apoptotic index were measured.ResultsTaurolidine induced cell apoptosis and reduced cell viability in murine melanoma cells. The pro‐apoptotic protein Bax was enhanced, whereas the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 was inhibited by taurolidine treatment. In vivo, systemic injection of 15‐mg taurolidine was identified as the maximally tolerated dose. Administration of taurolidine at 15 mg/mouse significantly inhibited primary and metastatic tumor growth, which was mirrored by a significantly increased intra‐tumor apoptotic index.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that taurolidine significantly attenuated melanoma tumor growth, which may result from taurolidine‐induced apoptosis by modulation of the Bcl‐2 family proteins. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96: 241–248. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stabilization of highly unsaturated fatty acids and delivery into foods
Authors: Barrow Colin J. , Nolan Coleen , Jin Yulai 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHighly unsaturated fatty acids derived from fish or algal oils, particularly EPA and DHA, are in high demand as healthy food ingredients in fortified foods. Due to their oxidative instability most food products incorporate stabilized microencapsulated EPA and DHA oils to avoid negative sensory impact associated with oxidation of these fatty acids. Complex coacervation has been particularly successful in stabilizing fish oil and providing an ingredient with a sensory shelf‐life consistent with that of the food product. Overcoming the technical challenges associated with the instability of these oils will help drive growth of the omega‐3 fortified healthy food ingredient market.
Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of Cycloaliphatic Epoxide/Vinyl Ether Systems Studied by Near‐Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Scherzer Tom , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCoatings from blends of cycloaliphatic epoxides and vinyl ethers were cross‐linked by UV‐induced cationic photopolymerization. The conversion of the vinyl double bonds during postcuring was followed by NIR reflection spectroscopy. The effect of various parameters such as the composition of the reactive formulation or the applied radiation dose on the kinetics of the postcuring process was studied. Finally, it was demonstrated on a pilot‐scale curing line that NIR spectroscopy can be used for inline monitoring of the actual conversion in UV‐cured coatings from cationic photopolymers.magnified image
Crystallization, Morphology, and Enzymatic Degradation of Polyhydroxybutyrate/Polycaprolactone (PHB/PCL) Blends
Authors: Lovera Deliani , Márquez Leni , Balsamo Vittoria , Taddei Antonieta , Castelli Cristina , Müller Alejandro J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo types of mixtures were prepared by solution blending: high molecular weight polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and PHB/low molecular weight chemically modified PCLs (mPCL). The morphology, crystallization, and enzymatic degradation of the blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, 1H NMR, and weight loss measurements. In addition, enzymatic degradation studies were performed by an exposure to Aspergillus flavus. High molecular weight PHB/PCL blends were found to be immiscible in the entire composition range. Phenomena such as PCL fractionated crystallization and a decrease in PHB nucleation density were detected. When PHB was blended with mPCLs, the blends were partially miscible; two phases were formed, but the PHB‐rich phase exhibited clear signs of miscibility through a depression of both the Tm and the Tg of the PHB component (which was stronger with lower molecular weight mPCL), and an increase in the growth rate of PHB spherulites in the blends as compared to neat PHB or to the PHB component in the PHB/PCL blends. The biodegradation by a exposure to A. flavus showed that the blends are synergistically attacked in comparison to the homopolymers. Two factors may influence the improved degradation rate of the blends: the dispersion of the components and their crystallinity that was reduced in view of the fractionated crystallization and impurities transfer. In the case of the PHB/mPCL blends, the increased miscibility between the components caused a reduction in the degradation rate.magnified image
Fluorene‐Based Single‐Chain Copolymers for Color‐Stable White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sun Mingliang , Niu Qiaoli , Du Bin , Peng Junbiao , Yang Wei , Cao Yong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFluorene‐based single‐chain copolymers with a white light emitter consisting of a blue and an orange chromophore have been synthesized and their photophysical and electroluminescent properties are investigated. The experimental results suggest that only a relatively small fraction of the orange‐emitting units incorporated into the fluorene is needed to achieve efficient white light emission by controlled incomplete energy transfer. A device from a copolymer with 0.02% DDQ content showed the highest external quantum efficiency of 2.64% with a luminance efficiency of 4.06 cd · A−1 with CIE coordinates (0.28, 0.24). The EL emissions are extremely stable over a wide range of current densities.magnified image
A New Family of Styrene/Diene Rubbers
Authors: Zinck Philippe , Terrier Michaël , Mortreux André , Valente Andreia , Visseaux Marc 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe insertion of single styrene units into polyisoprene is demonstrated using borohydrido rare earth/dialkylmagnesium systems. This yields a new family of styrene/diene copolymers (SBR rubbers). The resulting poly[(1,4‐trans‐isoprene)‐co‐styrene] exhibits quite narrow molecular weight distributions, up to 30% inserted styrene, and a 96–98% 1,4‐trans‐microstructure. The presence of a bulky and electron‐rich ligand in the coordination sphere of the metal leads to an increase of the amount of styrene inserted and narrower chemical composition and molecular weight distributions. The presence of significant quantities of styrene in the medium does not alter the selectivity of the reaction, in contrast with cis‐specific polymerizations.magnified image
Impact of Solvent on Electrospinning of Zein and Analysis of Resulting Fibers
Authors: Selling Gordon W. , Biswas Atanu , Patel Alpa , Walls Dennis J. , Dunlap Christopher , Wei Yen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractZein fibers have been produced by electrospinning from acetic acid, aqueous methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Alcohol solutions produced fibers that were predominantly ribbons. Fibers spun from acetic acid solution have a round morphology with a narrower distribution of diameters when spun under suitable conditions. The IR spectra of electrospun fibers display increased absorbance at 1 650 cm−1 relative to starting material, indicative of increased α‐helical structure. Raman spectra of fibers spun from acetic acid solution had spectral differences, having increased absorbance at 680, 750 and 860 cm−1, versus fibers spun from alcoholic solvents suggesting different tertiary structure within the fiber, which may result from different structures in solution. Polarized Raman spectroscopy taken parallel and perpendicular to the fiber axis displayed no differences, suggesting similar secondary and tertiary structures in these directions. All of the fibers had some degree of birefringence demonstrating the presence of orientation. The smaller fibers were highly birefringent throughout the fiber, while the larger fibers had orientation at the surface only. Quality fibers could not be produced from N,N‐dimethylformamide, acetone/water, acetic acid/water, 8 M urea/water or 10% NaOH/water zein solutions.magnified image
Ein Null‐Zwei‐Gesetz auf lokalkompakten abelschen Halbgruppen
Authors: Kinzl Franz 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLet λ, μ be regular probability measures on a locally compact abelian semigroup S, λ * μ the convolution of λ and μ, λn the nth iterated convolution of λ, δx the point measure of xϵS. We study the totalvariation of λn–δx * λn for n → ∞. We shall see that for a certain class of semigroups the limit of this sequence is either 0 or 2.
Pushout‐Properties: An analysis of gluing constructions for graphs
Authors: Ehrig Hartmut , Kreowski Hans‐Jörg 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe gluing construction for graphs, which is used in algebraic theory of graph grammars and applied in several fields of Computer Science, is a pushout construction in the category of graphs. In addition to the well known universal properties of pushouts also several nonuniversal properties are required in algebraic graph theory. A systematic collection of these nonuniversal properties is presented in this paper.
On an Ideal in Algebras of Unbounded Operators
Authors: Timmermann W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe closure of the set of finite dimensional operators of ℒ︁+𝒟 with respect to different topologies is considered. The obtained ideals have many properties similar to those of the ideal of completely continuous operators on HILBERT space. For example, under some appropriate assumptions all continuous functionals are normal, irreducible representations are equivalent to the identical representation and so on.
Limit theorems under the assumption of restricted convergence on a set with a finite limit point
Authors: Jesiak Bernd 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe consider double sequences {{Xnk}} of independent and asymptotically constant random variables. For certain constants An we put The central problem is the following one: Assume that {Fn} for x ϵ I ⊂ R1 converges weakly to a nonconstant limit function ψ where I is a set with a finite limit point (restricted convergence Then additional conditions ensuring the complete convergence Fn ⟹ F to a certain limit distribution function F are given. These additional conditions are weaker than the corresponding sufficient conditions known from the classical theory. Further, these results yield two new versions of the central limit theorem, see § 2. In the case of identically distributed summands with common distribution function V the assumption a sufficient to prove Fn ⟹ Fα, provided that (Fα stands for a stable distribution with characteristic exponent α).
Diffusion‐weighted imaging study of patients with essential tremor
Authors: Martinelli Paolo , Rizzo Giovanni , Manners David , Tonon Caterina , Pizza Fabio , Testa Claudia , Scaglione Cesa , Barbiroli Bruno , Lodi Raffaele 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) is unknown. PET and fMRI studies have revealed bilateral activation and 1H‐MRS studies metabolic abnormalities in the cerebellum and other functionally related brain structures in ET. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was used to search for evidence of tissue integrity abnormalities in these areas in ET patients and 10 matched controls by calculating water apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). Regions of interest included the left and right cerebellum, red nucleus, thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and frontal white matter. Histograms of ADCs were generated for all pixels in the infratentorial compartment and manually segmented areas corresponding to brainstem, vermis, and cerebellar hemispheres. ADC values were similar in all brain areas in patients and controls. Our study did not detect changes affecting the investigated brain regions in ET patients. These findings argue against major structural damage in the ET brain, although more subtle neurodegenerative changes cannot be ruled out. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
The entity of jaw tremor and dystonia
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundJaw tremor in the context of dystonia is not well recognized.MethodWe describe 7 women (average onset age 70) with jaw tremor and dystonia.ResultsAll had features of primary dystonia. Applying MDS criteria for tremor, 3 had “dystonic jaw tremor”; 4 had “jaw tremor associated with dystonia”. Drugs were unhelpful. Botulinum toxin injections proved effective in 1 case.ConclusionWe propose the entity of “jaw tremor and dystonia”. It is distinct from jaw tremor due to other causes including Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Phenotypic variability of a distinct deletion in McLeod syndrome
Authors: Miranda Marcelo , Castiglioni Claudia , Frey Beat M. , Hergersberg Martin , Danek Adrian , Jung Hans H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe X‐linked McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome strongly resembles Huntington's disease and has been reported in various countries world‐wide. Herein, we report two Chilean brothers with predominant psychiatric features at disease onset including schizophrenia‐like psychosis and obsessive compulsive disorder. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a small deletion in the XK gene (938‐942delCTCTA), which has been already described in a North American patient of Anglo‐Saxon descent and a Japanese family, presenting with seizures, muscle atrophy or chorea yet absence of psychiatric features. These findings argue against a founder effect and indicate a profound phenotypic variability associated with the 938‐942delCTCTA deletion. Our report supports the inclusion of McLeod syndrome in the differential diagnosis of Huntington's disease as well as acute psychosis in male subjects. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Myositis with sensory neuronopathy
Authors: França Marcondes C. , Faria Andréia V. , Queiroz Luciano S. , Nucci Anamarli 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInflammatory myopathies (IM) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by immune‐mediated damage to skeletal muscle. Sensory abnormalities are rare in patients with IM. We report two patients, one with dermatomyositis and the other with inclusion‐body myositis, who presented with unexpected sensory abnormalities due to probable immune‐mediated damage to dorsal root ganglia. We emphasize the importance of combined neuroimaging and neurophysiological assessment for proper diagnosis. Muscle Nerve, 2007