bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-response optimization of friction stir welding using fuzzy-grey system
Authors: Chen Yingjiao , Jean Mingder 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study reports that a fuzzy logic-based grey system using Taguchi’s method provides a reliable approach to the prediction of friction stir welding (FSW), which is capable of improving the multi-response performance of butt welds. Using the grey relational database, a fuzzy logic analysis is carried out. Analysis of variance is used to determine the effect of parameters of multi-response behaviors on butt welds. Meanwhile, multiple responses for multivariables are simultaneously optimized. The experimental results show that the fuzzy logic-based grey system using Taguchi’s design reveals the optimal settings of the parameters, which improves the whole properties by more than 28.04%, while the individual properties, such as tensile strength by 13.35%, bending strength by 1.91%, impact strength by 1.05%, and hardness by 0.26%, when compared with the best test in orthogonal arrays. Based on experimental validation tests, excellent agreement between model predictions and experimental results is shown. Notably, the intelligent method proposed is applied to butt welds, and the results of the implementation of fuzzy logic based grey system using Taguchi’s design proved its feasibility and effectiveness with respect to the improvement of the mechanical properties of FSW.
Promoting Science Communication for the Purpose of Pandemic Preparedness and Response: An Assessment of the Relevance of Pre-COVID Pandemic “early warnings”
Authors: Araujo Marcelo de , Costa Daniel de Vasconcelos 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Given the abrupt global disruption caused by SARS-CoV-2, one might think that the COVID pandemic was an unpredictable event. But in the years leading up to the emergence of the COVID pandemic, several documents had already been warning of the increasing occurrences of new disease outbreaks with pandemic potential and lack of corresponding policies to promote pandemic preparedness and response. In this article, we call these documents “early warnings”. We argue that a survey of early warnings can help science communicators to promote the public understanding of evidence-based pandemic preparedness and response policies at local or international level. Our proposal differs from other approaches to pandemic preparedness and response in that it highlights the relevance of documents published before the COVID outbreak. We show that the early warnings did not become outdated after the COVID outbreak, but, rather, that they are even more pressing now.
The bilingual styles of young Puerto Rican adolescents online
Authors: Morales Lugo Katherine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article examines the language mixing practices of Puerto Rican adolescents in various social media platforms through a framework of code-mixing and socioindexicality. Over a twelve-week period, I collected samples of online text messages from six island bilinguals of an elite community of practice (CofP) and studied the way their unique socializations in private schools and bilingual universities contributed to the ways they made sense of languages, their social meaning potentials, and uses across online interactions. Against the meaningful backdrop of colonial-dynamics of Spanish and English in Puerto Rico, the paper examines how ideologies of “nationalism” and “race” get reproduced or challenged through bilingual practice, and English takes up an equally important role for the construction of social identities in the interactions of youth. Additionally, the study discusses bilingual styles that have been enregistered as social styles specific to technological mediums of communication and youth registers, Puerto Rican netspeak, as well as emerging social styles that indicate queer gender identity, or non-binary practices. In this sense, I offer a description of the island bilingual that is dynamic, strategic, and metapragmatically conscious of the purist ideologies of Spanish in Puerto Rico, as well as the indexical potentials of appropriating variable gender forms in Spanish, bilingual language practices, and netspeak registers towards the negotiation of identities in technological interaction. The way bilinguals relate to the languages at their disposal can provide a window to impending questions on the perceived coloniality of English, potential changes in language ideologies and uses, and whether and how language policies may shift to meet current demographic attitudes and language uses of contemporary Puerto Ricans.
Objects as human bodies: cross-linguistic colexifications between words for body parts and objects
Authors: Tjuka Annika 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many languages have words that denote a human body part and an object, for example, hand, which refers to a part of a person and a watch. As of yet, there is no systematic study on the distribution of these shared names, i.e., colexifications, between two concrete semantic domains in a variety of languages. Here, I present a study that investigates colexifications between body and object concepts, i.e., body-object colexifications. By using a newly established workflow, colexifications are automatically extracted based on a seed list containing 134 body concepts and 650 object concepts. The analysis focuses on the frequency, distribution, cognitive relations, and coincidental cases of 78 body-object colexifications occurring across 396 language varieties. The results show that some body-object colexifications are widespread, but most occur in a small number of language varieties. By creating a network structure to examine individual relations and additionally comparing ratings of visual and haptic perception across concepts, the study indicates that the similarity of visual perception plays a central role in the emergence of body-object colexifications. The findings provide a first general overview of the phenomenon and offer ample opportunities for future research.
The Dagulf Psalter (Austrian National Library Cod. 1861): A Multi-Analytical Approach to Study Inks, Dyes, and Pigments of this Early Carolingian Manuscript
Authors: Jembrih-Simbürger Dubravka , Vetter Wilfried , Hofmann Christa , Aceto Maurizio , Rainer Thomas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Dagulf Psalter is a precious Carolingian manuscript on calf parchment, dated to 793–795. Its unique and high historical value required a non-invasive, multi-analytical approach to gain insights into the material composition of gold and silver inks, pigments, and dyes used for writing and illuminations. Elemental mapping based on X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), Fibre Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) measurements, and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) gave complementary information on colour media and their brilliant shades. Knowledge of the material composition of inks, dyes, and pigments is of crucial importance not only for art historical research, but also for the preservation of the manuscript, as it is known that among other factors, silver inks and some pigments can lead to deterioration of parchment supports. The purple dye orchil and blue indigo were used for painted backgrounds on the initial folios. Lapis lazuli was found in decorative frames on these folios. Orchil, indigo, and lapis lazuli also appear in decorations of small initials throughout the manuscript. Red lead, ochre, cinnabar, orpiment, and lead white were also found in various painted details. Gold and silver inks of high purity were identified. The proof of chlorine in the silver ink indicates the presence of corrosion products.
The smallest singular value anomaly: The reasons behind sharp anomaly
Authors: Dax Achiya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Let

A

A

be an arbitrary matrix in which the number of rows,

m

m

, is considerably larger than the number of columns,

n

n

. Let the submatrix

A

i

,

i
=
1
,

…

,
m

{A}_{i},\hspace{0.33em}i=1,\ldots ,m

, be composed from the first

i

i

rows of

A

A

, and let

β

i

{\beta }_{i}

denote the smallest singular value of

A

i

{A}_{i}

. Recently, we observed that the first part of this sequence,

β

1

,

…

,

β

n

{\beta }_{1},\ldots ,{\beta }_{n}

, is descending, while the second part,

β

n

,

…

,

β

m

{\beta }_{n},\ldots ,{\beta }_{m}

, is ascending. This property is called “the smallest singular value anomaly.” In this article, we expose another interesting feature of this sequence. It is shown that certain types of matrices possess the sharp anomaly phenomenon: First, when

i

i

is considerably smaller than

n

n

, the value of

β

i

{\beta }_{i}

decreases rather slowly. Then, as

i

i

approaches

n

n

from below, there is fast reduction in the value of

β

i

{\beta }_{i}

, making

β

n

{\beta }_{n}

much smaller than

β

1

{\beta }_{1}

. Yet, once

i

i

passes

n

n

, the situation is reversed and

β

i

{\beta }_{i}

increases rapidly. Finally, when

i

i

moves away from

n

n

, the rate of increase slows down. The article illustrates this behavior and explores its reasons. It is shown that the sharp anomaly phenomenon occurs in matrices with “scattering rows.”
Cytotoxic and apoptotic effectiveness of Cypriot honeybee (Apis mellifera cypria) venom on various cancer cells
Authors: Nalbantsoy Ayşe , Varol Ekin , Çaglar Ayşe Dila , Yücel Banu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The bee stinger is the defense organ of honeybees. The venom sac of a worker bee is connected to its stinger, which is used as a defense mechanism, and it has a potent and complex combination of substances that is unique in the animal kingdom. Many immune-related illnesses have been successfully treated with bee venom and recent evidence on the efficacy of applications targeting malignancies has attracted considerable attention.

Methods
The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the crude venom, and the flow cytometric analysis was used to determine the apoptotic potential. The cytotoxic activity of Apis mellifera cypria venom collected from two different apiaries in Cyprus was evaluated for the first time against breast (MDA-MB-231), colon (Caco-2), cervix (HeLa), prostate (PC-3), pancreas (Panc-1), lung (A549), glioblastoma (U-87MG) human cancerous and healthy lung fibroblast (CCD-34Lu) cells.

Results
The venom concentration that killed 50 % of the cells (inhibitory concentration, IC50) is expressed as venom cytotoxicity. The IC50 values of A. m. cypria crude venom on cultured cells varied from 4.18±0.75 to 22.00±1.71 μg/mL after treatment with crude venom for 48 h, with the most potent activities against PC-3, Panc-1, and HeLa cells. Analysis of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry of both venom samples showed that bee venom slightly induced early apoptosis on A549 and Panc-1 cells.

Conclusions
The venom of the A. m. cypria is discussed in this article, displaying promising results as a potential source for an alternative treatment method because of its cytotoxic effect.
Efficacy of Split Versus Full-Body Resistance Training on Strength and Muscle Growth: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ramos-Campo Domingo J. , Benito-Peinado Pedro J. , Andreu-Caravaca Luis , Rojo-Tirado Miguel A. , Rubio-Arias Jacobo Á. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ramos-Campo, DJ, Benito-Peinado, PJ, Caravaca, LA, Rojo-Tirado, MA, and Rubio-Arias, JÁ. Efficacy of split versus full-body resistance training on strength and muscle growth: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1330–1340, 2024—No previous study has systematically compared the effect of 2 resistance training routines commonly used to increase muscle mass and strength (i.e., split [Sp] and full-body [FB] routines). Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines to compare the effects on strength gains and muscle growth in healthy adults. 14 studies (392 subjects) that compared Sp and FB routines in terms of strength adaptations and muscle growth were included. Regarding the effects of the Sp or FB routine on both bench press and lower limbs strength, the magnitude of the change produced by both routines was similar (bench press: mean difference [MD] = 1.19; [−1.28, 3.65]; p = 0.34; k = 14; lower limb: MD = 2.47; [−2.11, 7.05]; p = 0.29; k = 14). Concerning the effect of the Sp vs. FB routine on muscle growth, similar effects were observed after both routines in the cross-sectional area of the elbow extensors (MD = 0.30; [−2.65, 3.24]; p = 0.84; k = 4), elbow flexors (MD = 0.17; [−2.54, 2.88]; p = 0.91; k = 5), vastus lateralis (MD = −0.08; [−1.82, 1.66]; p = 0.93; k = 5), or lean body mass (MD = −0.07; [−1.59, 1.44]; p = 0.92; k = 6). In conclusion, the present systematic review and meta-analysis provides solid evidence that the use of Sp or FB routines within a resistance training program does not significantly impact either strength gains or muscle hypertrophy when volume is equated. Consequently, individuals are free to confidently select a resistance training routine based on their personal preferences.
Anthropocentrism and Two Phenomenological Approaches to Animal Life
Authors: Gutauskas Mintautas 
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes two phenomenological approaches to animal life in the context of criticism of anthropocentrism. The first part considers the question of anthropocentrism. Beginning with the posthumanist criticism of anthropocentrism as an ideology of human exceptionalism, the article proposes to reflect human anthropocentricity phenomenologically as a condition of experience. The second part discusses San Martín and Pintos’ approach, which, grounded in Husserl’s analysis of transcendental ego, considers the human-animal relation in terms of egotic subjectivity, corporeality, and the constitution of sense. San Martín and Pintos’ position is very important in the criticism of anthropocentrism, and yet it is considered insufficient when reflecting the diversity of human-animal relations. The third part analyses Depraz’s four-stage structure of empathy and aims to determine the conditions and limits of access to animals as liminal subjects. Corporeality is considered as the most general layer; the accessibility of animal consciousness, the approach to their experience, the possibilities and limits of it are analyzed. Finally, it is concluded that the two positions can contribute to the understanding of the limits of anthropocentrism and its failures.
Recent advances in liquid phase transmission electron microscopy of nanoparticle growth and self-assembly
Authors: Kim Joodeok , Kang Sungsu , Cheng Fanrui , Wang Yi , Ye Xingchen , Park Jungwon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the last several decades, colloidal nanoparticles have evolved into a prominent class of building blocks for materials design. Important advances include the synthesis of uniform nanoparticles with tailored compositions and properties, and the precision construction of intricate, higher-level structures from nanoparticles via self-assembly. Grasping the modern complexity of nanoparticles and their superstructures requires fundamental understandings of the processes of nanoparticle growth and self-assembly. In situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has significantly advanced our understanding of these dynamic processes by allowing direct observation of how individual atoms and nanoparticles interact in real time, in their native phases. In this article, we highlight diverse nucleation and growth pathways of nanoparticles in solution that could be elucidated by the in situ liquid phase TEM. Furthermore, we showcase in situ liquid phase TEM studies of nanoparticle self-assembly pathways, highlighting the complex interplay among nanoparticles, ligands, and solvents. The mechanistic insights gained from in situ liquid phase TEM investigation could inform the design and synthesis of novel nanomaterials for various applications such as catalysis, energy conversion, and optoelectronic devices.
Graphical abstract
МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СТРУКТУРНО-МЕХАНІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ТІСТА
Authors: Жигайло О. М. , Топор М. М. 
Published: April 2024

Предметом вивчення є процес замісу тіста для хлібобулочних виробів з використанням тістомісу періодичної дії. Метою є розробка алгоритму оцінки структурно-механічних показників тіста під час замісу. Завдання: дослідити методи визначення якісних показників тіста та борошна; розробити альтернативний метод отримання структурно-механічних показників тіста під час замісу; провести експерименти на різних партіях борошна; розробити алгоритм для розрахунку сили борошна на основі отриманих структурно-механічних показників тіста. Методи: теорія автоматичного керування, методи розрахунку структурно-механічних показників тіста по фаринограмі, вимірювальні методи, статистичні методи. Результати: досліджено існуючи методи визначення структурно-механічних показників. Запропоновано метод визначення структурно-механічних показників якості тіста під час замісу, що полягає в встановленні вимірювального перетворювача активної потужності трифазного струму за допомогою якого реєструється активна потужність споживана електроприводом місильного органу тістомісильної машини. Зареєстрована крива опосередковано відображає показники тіста, які описує фаринограма. Сплановано та проведено експерименти на хлібобулочному підприємстві по реєстрації активної потужності двигуна місильного органу тістомісильної машини. Розроблено web-додаток який приймає зареєстровані дані під час замісу та розраховує силу борошна з графічним відображенням всіх структурно-механічних показників. Висновки: запропонований метод визначення структурно-механічних показників якості тіста під час його замісу та розроблений web-додаток, який визначає силу борошна, створює можливості розробки алгоритму автоматизованого управління процесом замісу з метою підвищення якості кінцевого продукту.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding musculoskeletal disorders among industrial workers in a wind turbine industry in India
Authors: Janakapriya  , Ramanujam Ashok 
Published: April 2024

To Study the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Workers in a wind turbine industry in India. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affecting Industrial workers must be considered and addressed as a serious issue. Thus, it is important to incorporate ergonomics into clinical practice to prevent MSDs. In order to do screening and diagnosis of MSD's Among Industrial workers it is mandatory to know how much of awareness they have regarding MSD's and Ergonomic Hazards respectively as a preliminary study.A cross-sectional study conducted in which the participants were interviewed to complete a validated four-section questionnaire (demographic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practice information related to ergonomics). The questionnaire was newly self-developed based on a literature review and was pilot tested after development.Out of the total workers who gave their responses for the questionnaire, about 80 percentage of the responses were positive among which the positive responses for knowledge-based questions, Attitude based questions and Practice based questions amounted to 73.16%, 83.12% and 88.36% respectively. The study aimed to investigate MSDs among industrial workers in the wind turbine industry in India. A validated questionnaire was used to collect and analyze workers' responses. The findings will enhance awareness and engagement regarding MSDs and ergonomic hazards, leading to effective interventions and a safer working environment. Addressing the identified gaps can improve worker well-being and productivity.
Noncommunicable Disease Conditions and HIV in Rural and Urban South Africa: 2005-2015
Authors: Lammertyn Leandi , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Kruger Herculina S. , Kruger Iolanthe M. , Fourie Carla M. T. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes contribute primarily to noncommunicable disease deaths and together with human immunodeficiency virus contribute largely to mortality in South Africa. Our longitudinal study provides the necessary data and insights over a 10-year period to highlight the areas where improved management is required in urban and rural localities.

Methods
This study included 536 rural and 387 urban Black participants aged 32 to 93 years from the North-West province, South Africa. Disease prevalence, treatment, and control were determined in 2005 and were re-evaluated in 2015. Multiple measures analyses were used to determine the trends of blood pressure and waist circumference.

Results
The initial prevalence of hypertension was 53.2%, obesity was 23.6%, hyperlipidemia was 5.1%, diabetes was 2.9%, and human immunodeficiency virus was 10.7% in 2005. By 2015, the rural population had higher rates of hypertension (63.7% versus 58.5%) and lower rates diabetes (4.3% versus 7.9%) and hyperlipidemia (6.6% versus 18.0%) with similar obesity rates (41.7% versus 42.4%). The average blood pressure levels of urban hypertensives decreased (Ptrend&lt;.001), whereas levels were maintained in the rural group (Ptrend=.52). In both locations, treatment and control rates increased from 2005 to 2015 for all conditions (all ≥6.7%), except for diabetes in which a decrease in control was observed. Waist circumference increased (Ptrend&gt;.001) in both sex and locality groups over the 10-year period.

Conclusion
Although average blood pressure of urban hypertensive individuals decreased, urgent measures focused on early identification, treatment, and control of the respective conditions should be implemented to decrease the burden of noncommunicable diseases.
Maternal Viewing of Infants in Intensive Care Increases Milk Production and Maternal Bonding
Authors: Turhan İpek , Özkan Filiz 
Published: April 2024

Objective:The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of mothers watching a video of their infant on human milk and maternal bonding.Methods:A nonrandomized controlled trial in a city hospital was conducted with 27 infants and their mothers. The Information Form, Breastfeeding Assessment Form, and Mother to Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) were used as data collection tools.Results:It was determined that the amount of human milk of the participants in the experimental group increased on the third day compared to the control group. On the third day, the MIBS scores of the experimental group were found to be significantly lower than the control group.Conclusions:It was concluded that watching the video of the infant increased the amount of milk and mother bonding.
Student Confidence in Clinical Competence during Dental Education.
Authors: Brundin Malin , Sjöström Mats 
Published: April 2024

Background: Dental education blends theoretical and practical training to prepare students for independent patient care. This study examines the confidence levels of dental students in Umeå regarding independent performance of general dentistry tasks, and whether this confidence changes after clinical training.
Methods: Surveys were conducted before and after a summer clinical internship, with s	tudents rating their comfort levels on a scale from 0 to 10 for various procedures.
Results: Results from 64 initial surveys and 54 follow-up surveys showed no significant difference in confidence before and after the internship. However, confidence levels varied based on whether students had practiced specific tasks during the internship. Students felt least confident in managing acute dental trauma and treating cavities in young children, while they were most confident in tasks like obtaining radiographic surveys and debriding periodontally compromised dentition. Tooth extraction and dental fillings were the most practiced procedures during the internship.
Conclusions: The study concludes that the internship between the ninth and tenth semesters does not notably boost students&#039; confidence in specific dental procedures, possibly due to the short duration of the training. Further exploration, including input from clinical supervisors, is suggested to optimize clinical training in dental education.