bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Soft‐Tissue Changes of Rheumatoid Arthritis at the Wrist
Authors: Weston W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe soft tissue pattern about the wrist was determined by the anatomy of the synovial cavities of the joints in that area. A study of a number of normal arthrograms of the wrist joint demonstrated a variable anatomical pattern that was not well recognized. From a knowledge of this pattern the synovial mass lesion that one can find at the wrist can be predicted.The soft tissue pattern of the involved inferior radio‐ulnar joint has been described for the first time. They appeared as a well‐defined soft tissue mass lesion at the lower end of the interosseous space proximal to and continuous with the inferior radio‐ulnar joint.The synovial changes on the ulnar border of the wrist displaced the deep fascia in a characteristic pattern that can be easily recognized when the arthrographic anatomy is understood. The fascia was displaced medially from the ulnar styloid process and the lower end of the ulna.In the acute cases oedema was well demonstrated as it disrupted the fascia fat interface. This is in addition to the synovial mass lesion.
Placental Angiography: Review of 43 Cases
Authors: Bloomfield J. A. , Fazackerly B. B. , Rush G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA technique for automatic precise timing with a single lateral exposure is described.Forty‐three mothers were examined without complications, and the placenta was demonstrated in 38.Thirteen abnormally low placental implantations were diagnosed radiographically, and no placenta praevia was diagnosed when absent or vice versa.A case of succenturiate lobe is reported.A plea is made to develop means to relate the placental site to the uterine outline and not to maternal bony landmarks.The possible influences of uterine contractions on placental filling are outlined.The safety, accuracy and efficiency of the method are emphasized.
Dosage Prescription in Radiotherapy Using a Slide‐Rule Based on Dose‐Time‐Fractionation Relationships
Authors: Worthley B. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe analytical foundation and manufacture of a dosage prescription slide rule for use with low L.E.T. radiation is described. The rule may be used with orthovoltage and megavoltage acute fractionated therapies for squamous cell carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, seminoma, osteosarcoma, etc., for squamous carcinoma treated with interstitial, intracavitary and permanent implant methods with radiation sources of known effective half‐life.The rule may also be used in the prescription of mixed therapies, e.g. treatments using intracavitary applicators combined with supplementary external beams of X rays. One scale of the rule is easily modified to suit local practice.
Coarctation of the Aorta Late in Life, with Special Reference to a Case Diagnosed by an Unusual Radiological Method
Authors: Syme James 
Published: March 2008

SummaryBefore surgical repair became available, the average life expectancy of a patient with a coarctation in the classical position in the thoracic aorta was 35 years, because of the risk of various potentially fatal complications, which are enumerated. The cases of three patients, living respectively to 70, 61 and 53 years, two with autopsy proof, are reported to emphasize that considerably longer survival is nevertheless possible, with the condition unrecognized, and so unoperated. The need to check the chest film of even an elderly hypertensive patient for possible rib notching is stressed. One accepted complication of a coarctation is subarachnoid haemorrhage from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, and the case of the third patient reported illustrates that the possibility of such an associated aortic anomaly should not be forgotten when a hypertensive patient suffers such an episode. The method of trans‐femoral catheter angiography employed routinely at the Royal Melbourne Hospital for the investigation of subarachnoid haemorrhage led to the diagnosis, in this case, of an unsuspected coarctation.
The Curie and the Roentgen as Legal Units of Measurement
Authors: Richardson J. F. 
Published: March 2008

It is a peculiar fact about the genesis and growth of new disciplines that too much rigor too early imposed stifles the imagination and stultifies invention. A certain freedom from the strictures of sustained formality tends to promote the development of a subject in its early stages, even if this means the risk of a certain amount of error. Nonetheless, there comes a time in the development of any field when standards of rigor have to be tightened.SummaryThe need for quantitative expression of the “activity” of radioactive substances and of the dose received from “exposure” to ionizing radiation has led to the development of appropriate units of measurement. The development of the curie and the roentgen as the “recommended” units of measurement of activity and exposure, respectively, and their later adoption in Australia as legal units, prescribed under the Weights and Measures (National Standards) Act 19WM54, are outlined. The present arrangements for the maintenance of official Australian standards of activity and exposure, measured in terms of the curie and the roentgen, respectively, are indicated.
Goodpasture's Syndrome and Its Radiological Features
Authors: Slonim Leon 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGoodpasture's syndrome is a disease of young people manifested by haemoptysis, anaemia, pulmonary haemorrhage and renal disease. The radiological features have been described with reports of seven cases demonstrating these features. If treatment is to be beneficial it must be instituted early and therefore it behoves the radiologist to be aware of its radiological features so that he may suggest the possibility to the referring physician in a particular case.
Malignant Disease of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Sandeman T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOf 290 cases registered as cancer of the bladder at the Peter MacCallum Clinic, 28 were discarded as being wrongly registered or diagnosed, or unable to be assessed in any useful way. Two hundred and sixty‐two cases were reviewed in detail. Symptomatology, sex and age distribution are in no way different from other published series. Attention is drawn to the influence of smoking in lowering the age of onset, this effect being more marked in women. The lack of concomitant lung cancer is felt to be worthy of comment when 12 patients had other malignancies.The prognosis in relation to sex does not differ, but young patients seem to fare twice as well as old ones.The importance of pre‐treatment staging and assessment of the histology is emphasized and a set of guide lines as to management is set out.Survival rates for the overall series show a five‐year figure of 4/40 (10%) for unstaged; 8/31 (23%) for T.O; 6/36 (16%) for T.l; 4/22 (18%) for T.2; 2/20 (10%) for T.3; and 2/76 (2–6%) for T.4.The determinate figures at five years for radically treated, assessable cases are T.O 7/15 (43%), T.l 6/16 (35%), T.2 4/12 (33%), T.3 2/5 (40%) and T.4 1/6 (17%). Figures suggest that early total cystectomy is indicated for uncontrollable well differentiated mucosal tumours, while radiation alone–or as an electivepreoperative measure–is preferable for poorly or moderately differentiated tumours. Pure squamous or adenocarcinomas are radio‐resistant and seldom operable, but cystectomy is the only treatment likely to be curative. A tendency to squamoid or adenocarcinomatous differentiation, however, is not a sign that radiotherapy will fail. Radiation under hyperbaric oxygenation holds some promise for improving the local clearance of tumour. Cytology may be of some use in selecting follow‐up cases for cystoscopy, but its accuracy requires some improvement.
Some Aspects of Radiation Protection in a Diagnostic Department
Authors: Bennett Robert 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIncreasing complexity of radiological investigations makes it easier for one's radiation protection awareness to be clouded.“Radiation awareness” must be developed in all members of a department of diagnostic radiology, and some constant reminder built into the daily work pattern is invaluable in maintaining this.The 57th Session of the National Health and Medical Research Council approved recommendations for radiological examinations in the vicinity of the lower abdomen and pelvis of all women of child‐bearing age to be confined to the ten‐day interval immediately following the onset of menstruation.How this recommendation has been instituted at the Preston and Northcote Community Hospital in recent years is described.In addition, how a reminder has been incorporated in the daily work pattern, assisting in maintaining radiation protection discipline, together with the aspect of protection of personnel involved in radiological procedures carried out in operating theatres are discussed.
Differences between Lesions in Cerebral Scanning
Authors: Sephton R. G. , Morley J. Barrie , Steven L. W. , Andrews J. T. , Cornell F. N. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis preliminary communication describes an attempt to differentiate varying cerebral lesions by means of brain scanning, utilizing the differences between vascular uptake of isotope in a lesion and permeation of an isotope into it or into the surrounding tissue.To do this Tc99m was used to indicate vascularity on the early (5–10 minutes post‐injection) scan and permeation effect on the late (one hour or more post‐injection) scan. In addition, In113m was used as a blood‐pool marker to study vascular effects. Initial experience with these techniques is described.
The Digital Sheaths of the Hand
Authors: Weston W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe digital sheaths of the hand have been outlined by positive contrast medium using a retrograde percutaneous injection at the level of the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger.The sheath can be filled adequately with 0–6‐0 ‐6 ml. of 60% Hypaque, except in those cases where the sheath communicates with the sheath of flexor longus pollicis or the palmar ganglion.
Positive Contrast Arthrography of the Normal Mid‐Tarsal Joints
Authors: Weston W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe radiological anatomy of the mid‐tarsal joints has been discussed. This includes the calcaneo‐cuboid joint and the anterior talocalcaneo‐navicular joint.The talo‐calcaneo‐navicular joint has a capacity of 4–5 ml., while the calcaneo‐cuboid joint has a capacity of 1–5 ml. The arthrography pattern of these joints was demonstrated for the first time at post‐mortem. It is the key to successful paracentesis and intra‐articular iniections of steroids.
Lymphatic Filling during Positive Contrast Arthrography in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Weston W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDuring positive contrast arthrography of an elbow in a patient with active rheumatoid arthritis filling of the lymphatic vessels and supra‐trochlear glands was noted.No previous filling of the lymphatics had been obtained by the author in the hundreds of post‐mortem arthrograms carried out, nor had this been seen in any of the non‐rheumatic cases investigated for internal derangements of the knee or other joints.This warrants further observation to determine its significance. Is it another indirect sign of rheumatoid arthritis ?
Chromosome Aberration following Radiophosphorus Treatment of Polycythaemia
Authors: Barnes C. A. , Holmes H. L. , Ilbery P. L. T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCytogenetic examination was made of 51 polycythaemic patients. A total of 79 separate chromosome studies were made. Fifty‐six were from patients treated with radiophosphorus and 18 from patients treated by venesection only. Nine examinations were made of bone marrow and the remainder of leucocyte cultures. Accumulated doses of radiophosphorus were in the range 3‐2‐32‐5 mCi. The variation in all types of cytogenetic damage in the first two months after administration of the isotope did not allow early recognition of trends in dose response. After this period an increase in breaks, and possibly all rearrangements, could be recognized. Multiple regression analysis showed that the Cu type of chromosome damage is likely to be the most reliable index of absorbed dose. These in‐vivo studies show that small radiation dose increments of the order of several mCi 32P are detectable in radiation‐treated pdycythaemics by an increase in the yield of dicentrics and rings as compared with untreated polycythaemics. Lymphopoietic stem cells may retain B type damage for periods longer than 20 half‐lives of radiophosphorus. Changes similar to those induced by radiation were seen in a small number of cases treated by radiw mimetic therapy. Aneuploidy was a consistent finding in the treated cases. Two clearlydefined hypomodal clones with the absence of one or two C group chromosomes were seen in the only case of acute leukaemia in the series. This paticnt had received 28.5 mCi 32SP. Cytogenetic damage was randomly distributed throughout the chromosome groups of all patients.
Extrasellar Adenohypophyseal Tissue in the Female*
Authors: Mc.Grath Philomena 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYComplete elimination of adenohypophyseal hormones is considered to be of value in some cases of mammary cancer. Destruction of the central control of the production of adenohypophyseal hormones is unlikely to be effective. Destruction of the adenohypophyseal cells themselves must be complete. Adenohypophyseal cells are both intra‐ and extrasellar. A collection of adenohypophyseal cells known as the pharyngeal hypophysis is of appreciable size and proven activity. In the female the pharyngeal hypophysis responds to ageing by marked hypertrophy. If the aim of an hypo‐physectomy is the complete destruction of all active adenohypophyseal cells, both intra‐and extra‐sellar, a direct attack must be made on the pharyngeal hypophysis.
Pulmonary Embolism as a Complication of Ventriculoatrial Shunt
Authors: Valr P. E. , Morris J. G. , Mc.Rae J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of pulmonary embolism and septicaemia complicating ventriculoatrial shunt in an adult is reported. The incidence and significance of these complications is discussed and a brief review of the literature is presented.Perfusion lung scanning is of value in detecting pulmonary embolism in these patients, and may prove to be useful in their routine follow‐up.
Utilization of Regional Resources for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Diagnostic Radiological Teaching in a Smaller Medical Centre
Authors: MacEwan D. W. , Macpherson R. I. , Lansdown E. L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA smaller, and somewhat remote, medical centre is endeavouring to improve its teaching and investigation by better utilization of all its regional resources. The activities and organizational structure are briefly reviewed.
Some Radiological Features of the Cranial Fossae
Authors: Chambers Cyril H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryUsing radio‐opaque wire and strips of thin lead, some of the anatomical features of the cranial fossae of dried skulls were examined radiographically and the findings correlated with the gross anatomy.Standard radiographic projections were used and several films were taken with the skull positioned in the Broadbent‐Bolton cephalo‐meter.A detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the cranial fossae is essential to accurately assess skull fractures and pathological bone changes.
The Radiology of Ischaemic Colitis
Authors: Sherbon K. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

Ischaemic colitis is at present the most widely accepted name for vascular disorders of the colon.
While individual signs in plain films and barium enemas may suggest this disease, the most important radiological findings are the changes in the colon in serial barium enema examinations.
The consideration of the clinical features and the barium enema findings together may make the diagnosis almost certain.
Because ischaemic colitis may occur with or without demonstrable vascular occlusion, the place of arteriography in the management of this disease is doubtful.
An Unusual Result from Cross‐Compression in Carotid Angiography
Authors: Syme James 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWhen an aneurysm of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery is demonstrated at common carotid angiography performed by needle puncture, it may not be possible to produce satisfactory cross‐circulation by needling the opposite carotid, and yet there may be adequate clinical indication for common carotid ligation. If the age of the patient contra‐indicates a selective transfemoral approach, the desired result is sometimes achieved at a further cross‐compression study after catheterization of the common carotid contralateral to the aneurysm. A case is reported of an unusual complication of this latter procedure, involving transient syncope, bradycardia and hypotension, with a brief generalized epileptiform seizure. The angiogram made showed not only excellent cross‐circulation, but also reflux of contrast into the basilar and both vertebral arteries, an unexpected finding in the sexagenarian patient concerned. The possible mechanism is discussed, with particular reference to the role of the contrast medium and untoward effects of carotid palpation and compression.
Undergraduate Radiological Anatomy
Authors: Chambers Cyril H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe methods of teaching undergraduate radiological anatomy in the University of Melbourne are discussed in detail, including some of the problems associated with the current programme. Radiological anatomy must be kept in its correct perspective of teaching gross anatomy as portrayed in a radiograph, and if the fundamental principles are understood the students have a sound basis upon which pathological radiology can be taught during their clinical instructions.
Tendon Sheaths and Bursae Involved by Rheumatoid Disease at the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Palmer D. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe involvement by rheumatoid disease of bursae and tendon sheaths at the ankle and in the foot has been described from the clinical, radiological and pathological aspects. Over a period of time involvement of most of the tendon sheaths in the region was demonstrated by positive contrast tenosynogaphy. A rheumatoid tenosynovitis was commonly found to be responsible for local symptoms, but complications were of less importance than in the hand. Rheumatoid bursitis was of clinical importance in the foot. Accurate recognition of these lesions is a prerequisite in management.
Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Study of 27 Cases, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 1954–1968
Authors: Santamaria J. N. , Colebatch J. H. , Cahmpbell P. E. , Santamaria J. N. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe have reviewed 27 cases of RMS seen at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, ovei a 15—year period (1954–1968).The uro‐genital tract was the commonest site of RMS in our series, and this site carried the shortest median survival time of all forms of RMS.A study of reported cases in adults over the same period indicated that RMS was under‐diagnosed in adults.Our data suggested that survival is prolonged when the management of RMS includes chemotherapy.
An unusual presentation of Cervical Block Vertebrae
Authors: Johnson C. , Penry J. B. , Burwood R. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe authors present a case of congenital block vertebra held to have become involved in Paget's disease of bone. No similar case is known to exist in the medical literature. The review records the distinguishing features between the Klippel‐Feil Syndrome and congenital block vertebrae and between congenital and acquired vertebral fusion.
Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) Amongst the West Malaysians
Authors: Soo Y. S. , Singh J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPaget's disease of bone is known to be rare amongst the Asians. Three cases with characteristic radiological features are presented to illustrate die existence of this condition in West Malaysia. Their clinical and radiological manifestations are similar to what is usually seen in Caucasians.
The Folded Breast Prosthesis A New Clinical and Radiological Entity
Authors: Slonim Leon , Hueston John T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA new clinical entity and a new associated radiological sign are presented following discovery of a lump in the breast of a patient after a prosthetic insertion. “The folded breast sign”, visible on mammography, enables a precise diagnosis.A case is presented of a lump appearing in “the breast” after augmentation mammo‐plasty. The value of mammography is demonstrated, providing a definitive diagnosis of a fold in the prosthesis and obviating further surgical intervention.
Clinical Applications of the Short Lived Radioisotopes
Authors: Ogiso Akira 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT 99m Tc and 113m In are much harmless to the patients than the other radioisotopes, such as 198Au, 131I, 203Hg, etc., since their half lives are shorter. So that they can be given in much more doses and used broadly in scanning the brain, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, placenta, bone marrow, cardiac pool, etc. 113m In is produced from 113Sn‐113mIn generator by milking and due to its short half life, the generator can be eluted several times a day, and can be used for a long time, even more than 6 months, because the half life of 113Sn is 118 days long.The simplified preparation of reliable scanning agents is made possible by use of a closed generator system and pre‐sterilized vials containing the appropriate chemicals to make the specific radio‐pharmaceuticals.Liver scanning with 113mIn(OH)3‐colloids was tried on 70 cases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors, etc.The liver uptake of injected 113mIn(OH)3‐colloids intravenously was 85% on an average in normal cases, and liver radiation dose from 2mCi 113mIn(OH)3‐colloids was about 0.85 rads.Contamination of 113Sn in 113mIn was identified with hematoxylin method, and it was less than 0.003% in concentration. This amount raises no problem in its practical use.
Unclassified Osteochondrodysplasia With 14 Years' Observation Time
Authors: Kozlowski K. , Walter W. K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA 14½‐year‐old boy with undifferentiated osteochondrodysplasia was described.Shortening of the long bones with metaphyseal flaring were the most important radiographic findings in the newborn period.The dynamic nature of the changes–regression of the metaphyseal flaring and development of other deformities with age (uneven shortening of the long bones, platyspondyly of the thoracic spine, narrowing of the inter‐pedicular distances in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine, hypoplasia of the knee epiphyses with valgus deformity and peculiar shape of pelvis and jaw) have been stressed.This case represents well the unpredictability of bone changes in undifferentiated osteochondrodysplasia of the newborn.
The Skull Vault In Neonates And Infants
Authors: Stokes N. J. , Cremin B. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe interpretation of the neonatal skull often presents considerable difficulties to the general radiologist. Two requirements are essential; firstly, satisfactory films and secondly, a knowledge of the variability of normal. Until this is appreciated the differentiation of normal fissures from fractures, and a critical appraisal of sutures is not possible. The common variabilities seen in the newborn skull are demonstrated.
Vertebral Angiography In Bilateral VIII Cranial Nerve Tumours A Report Of A Case
Authors: Foley W. D. , Dan N. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of von Recklinghausen's disease displaying the uncommon clinical feature of extensive central and peripheral involvement is described. Vertebral angiography was chosen as the initial investigation to define the extent of the suspected bilateral acoustic tumours because of the presence of papilledema. The angiographic study outlined bilateral extracanalicular tumours. The relative merits of catheter angiography and posterior fossa myelography (using negative or positive contrast media) in this situation are discussed.