bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Design of the Pedicled Nasoseptal Flap for Skull Base Reconstruction: A Radioanatomic Study
Authors: Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos Diogenes , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Snyderman Carl H. , Mintz Arlan , Gardner Paul , Kassam Amin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: Reconstruction of the skull base after an expanded endonasal approach (EEA) is critical to achieve a good outcome. A novel technique based on the use of a pedicled nasoseptal flap has proven to be a reliable and versatile reconstructive option for extensive defects of the skull base. Data regarding the potential dimensions of a nasoseptal flap are lacking in the literature. This pilot study was developed to help optimize the design of the nasoseptal flap and to ensure that when harvesting the flap, its width and length are adequate to reconstruct the defects that are created by various EEAs.Methods: We analyzed the computed tomographic (CT) scans of four patients who underwent EEAs for skull base lesions. Sagittal and coronal CT reconstructions were generated from axial images. The measurements were divided into skull base measurements, flap dimensions required to cover skull base defects resulting from various EEAs, and potential maximal dimensions of the nasoseptal flap. Measurements were studied for three different EEAs: sellar/transplanar, transclival, and transcribiform/anterior skull base. We measured the potential defects for each of these EEAs and the nasoseptal flap dimensions that would be required to reconstruct them. We estimated all dimensions based on the most extensive defect that could result with each EEA. We then compared these with various modifications of the nasoseptal flap.Results: Two male and two female patients were studied. Twenty‐seven measurements were taken to compare the different skull base defects and nasoseptal flaps.Conclusions: The length of the nasal septum comprises sufficient mucoperichondrium and mucoperiosteum to allow the harvesting of a nasoseptal flap that could cover any defect resulting from an anterior skull base, a transsellar/transplanar, or a transclival EEA. Similarly, the height of the nasal septum has the potential to yield a nasoseptal flap with a width that is adequate to cover the laterolateral aspect of any defect of the anterior skull base and clivus. Skull base defects resulting from combined EEAs, such as those that would create a defect that comprises the skull base from sella turcica to frontal sinus, are beyond the potential dimensions of a single nasoseptal flap. This and other defects resulting from a combination of EEAs require other strategies, such as the use of bilateral nasoseptal flaps, or the use of other reconstructive options.
Facial Dismasking Flap for Removal of Tumors in the Craniofacial Region
Authors: Koda Hiroko , Tsunoda Atsunobu , Iida Hideo , Akita Keiichi , Kishimoto Seiji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: This study was aimed at estimating the usefulness of the facial dismasking flap for craniofacial surgery.Study Design: Anatomical study and retrospective case study.Materials and Methods: The facial dismasking flap is a combination of a coronal skin incision and a circumpalpebral incision. By adding a circumpalpebral incision, the skin can be detached from the orbital structures and the coronal skin flap can be elevated more inferiorly together with the facial nerves and muscles. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent the facial dismasking flap with regard to the extent of the surgical field and resectability under this flap. Postoperative facial scarring and movements were also evaluated. Facial palsy was estimated according to the House‐Brackmann grading system.Result: Twenty‐three patients with tumors in various locations, such as, the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, zygoma, and infratemporal fossa, who had undergone a facial dismasking flap, were studied. Sufficient surgical fields were obtained for removal of the tumor in all patients. Tumors were totally resected in 21 patients and were subtotally resected in two patients to avoid optic nerve damage. Facial nerves were anatomically preserved and facial scarring was minimal in all patients. No facial palsy remained in any patients except one who showed a deterioration of the facial palsy (House‐Brackmann grade V–VI).Conclusion: This flap allows the surgeon to obtain wide exposure of the upper two‐thirds of the facial skull. Moreover, damage to the facial skin is minimal and facial movements are well preserved. This technique is not well known to head and neck surgeons, and this is the first comprehensive report of this technique applied to removal of craniofacial lesions.
Reliability of the ‘pop’ sign as an indicator of dural puncture during obstetric spinal anaesthesia: a prospective observational clinical study*
Authors: Kathirgamanathan A. , Hawkins N. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryAnaesthetists rely upon a loss of resistance and flow of cerebrospinal fluid to indicate when a spinal needle has breached the dura. The loss of resistance is not always felt, with the danger that the needle may be advanced into neurological tissue. One hundred women undergoing elective caesarean section were recruited and spinal anaesthesia, using a 27‐G Whitacre needle, was performed using an incremental advancement technique. After each advancement of the needle, and before removing the stylet, it was recorded whether the anaesthetist had perceived any sign that the dura had been breached, and then whether cerebrospinal fluid had been obtained. Six patients were not included in the study due to technical difficulties. In 27 of 94 patients (29%) there was no clear tactile sign that the dura had been breached when cerebrospinal fluid was obtained. This study demonstrates that loss of resistance is not always felt when a 27‐G spinal needle breaches the dura in the pregnant woman.
Remifentanil for tracheal tube tolerance: a case control study*
Authors: Machata A. M. , Illievich U. M. , Gustorff B. , Gonano C. , Fäßler K. , Spiss C. K. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryWe assessed the minimal remifentanil dosage required for tracheal tube tolerance in awake and spontaneously breathing patients after major abdominal surgery. Forty postoperative patients received remifentanil 0.1 μg.kg−1.min−1, which was reduced in steps of 0.025 μg.kg−1.min−1 every 30 min. Respiratory response subscore of comfort scale (CSRR), Ramsay sedation scale (RSS), visual analogue scale (VAS), respiratory rate, and minute ventilation were recorded. Spontaneous respiration with no or little response to ventilation (CSRR 2) in co‐operative, oriented and tranquil patients (RSS 2) was defined as the main outcome and study endpoint. Thirty‐one patients (77.5%) reached a CSRR 2 and RSS 2 with remifentanil 0.025 μg.kg−1.min−1 and nine patients (22.5%) required remifentanil 0.05 μg.kg−1.min−1. Analgesia was sufficient in all patients (VAS = 30). Remifentanil 0.025−0.05 μg.kg−1.min−1 achieves satisfactory tracheal tube tolerance in awake and spontaneously breathing patients.
Profound vasodilatory hypotension in a patient with known empty sella syndrome following cardiac surgery
Authors: Lamont S. N. J. , McBride W. T. , Bill K. M. , Varadarajan B. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA 63‐year‐old female with known empty sella syndrome underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. She became hypotensive immediately postoperatively and this did not respond to fluid resuscitation and inotropic therapy. Surgical re‐exploration was undertaken and did not reveal any surgical cause. Pulmonary artery catheterisation confirmed a profound vasodilatory component to her shock. We believe this was due to unmasking of posterior pituitary hypofunction, in particular vasopressin insufficiency, due to metabolic stress. This rapidly corrected with an exogenous vasopressin infusion.
Beriplex P/N: an alternative to fresh frozen plasma in severe haemorrhage
Authors: Bhardwaj M. , Bunsell R. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe management of Jehovah's Witnesses suffering from severe haemorrhage can be very difficult. Those patients who are taking oral anticoagulant therapy pose an additional risk and the difficulty may be compounded by the development of coagulopathy. Several alternatives to blood products have been reported to be useful in this situation. We report the successful management of an emergency postsurgical wound bleeding in a Jehovah's Witness using Beriplex (a concentrate of factors II, VII, IX and X). The patient, who was taking warfarin, presented 10 days after an elective laminectomy with significant bleeding from the surgical wound and coagulopathy. Despite early surgical measures, there was continuing haemorrhage. This was arrested by giving Beriplex intra‐operatively. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of the use of Beriplex in a Jehovah's Witness for control of emergency haemorrhage and coagulopathy.
A comparison of the laryngeal mask airway with facemask and oropharyngeal airway for manual ventilation by critical care nurses in children*
Authors: Rechner J. A. , Loach V. J. , Ali M. T. , Barber V. S. , Young J. D. , Mason D. G. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe laryngeal mask airway is included as a first line airway device during adult resuscitation by first responders. However, there is little evidence for its role in paediatric resuscitation. Using anaesthetised children as a model for paediatric cardiopulmonary arrest, we compared the ability of critical care nurses to manually ventilate the anaesthetised child via the laryngeal mask airway compared with the facemask and oropharyngeal airway. The airway devices were inserted in random order and chest expansion was measured using an ultrasound distance transducer. The critical care nurses were able to place the laryngeal mask airway and achieve successful ventilation in 82% of children compared to 70% using the facemask and oropharyngeal airway, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.136). The median time to first successful breath using the laryngeal mask airway was 39 s compared to 25 s using the facemask (p < 0.001). In this group of nurses, we did not show a difference in ventilation via a laryngeal mask airway or facemask, although facemask ventilation was achieved more quickly.
Acute lung injury probably associated with infusion of propofol emulsion
Authors: Chondrogiannis K. D. , Siontis G. C. M. , Koulouras V. P. , Lekka M. E. , Nakos G. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryWe present a case of acute lung injury associated with propofol infusion in a mechanically ventilated patient with intracerebral haemorrhage. Diagnosis was based on the exclusion of other risk factors inducing acute lung injury and on the clinical improvement after discontinuation of the propofol emulsion. Laboratory data such as the increase in total phospholipids, neutral lipids and free fatty acids in the broncho‐alveolar lavage fluid, the remarkably high percentage of alveolar macrophages including fat droplets and the similar lipid composition of propofol and broncho‐alveolar lavage fluid support the relationship between propofol and acute lung injury.
A comparison of the Truview®blade with the Macintosh blade in adult patients
Authors: Barak M. , Philipchuck P. , Abecassis P. , Katz Y. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe Truview®blade facilitates a view of the vocal cords by indirect laryngoscopy. We prospectively compared the view obtained at laryngoscopy and intubating conditions of Truview (Group 1) or Macintosh (Group 2) blades in 170 patients who were scheduled to undergo general anaesthesia. We studied pre‐operative airway evaluation, laryngoscopic view, duration of intubation, maximal force applied during intubation, anaesthetist's estimation of intubation effort on a 1–3 scale, bleeding, teeth and soft tissue damage, and postoperative stridor and hoarseness. The results demonstrated that, whilst the Truview produced a better laryngoscopic view and less maximal force applied during intubation, the duration of intubation was longer. No significant difference was found in the anaesthetist's estimation of intubation effort, tooth damage or postoperative stridor and hoarseness. Significantly fewer patients suffered bleeding and soft tissue damage following intubation with the Truview than with the Macintosh blade. The Truview blade is a useful option for tracheal intubation in patients with normal and anticipated difficult airways.
Zygosity at the major histocompatibility class IIB locus predicts susceptibility to Renibacterium salmoninarum in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Turner S. M. , Faisal M. , DeWoody J. A. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryMajor histocompatibility (MH) class II genes play an important role in the vertebrate immune response. Here, we investigate the relationship between Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) MH class IIB zygosity and susceptibility to Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causal agent of bacterial kidney disease. By combining DNA sequences from the salmon MH class IIB gene with quantitative ELISA data on R. salmoninarum antigen levels, we found that MH class IIB homozygotes were significantly more susceptible to R. salmoninarum than heterozygotes. These findings are discussed in the context of current evolutionary theory.
Genotypic variation in coleus in the ability to accumulate abscisic acid in response to water deficit
Authors: Terry Paul H. , Krizek Donald T. , Mirecki Roman M. 
Published: July 2007

Terry, P. H., Krizek, D. T. and Mirecki, R. M. 1988. Genotypic variation in coleus in the ability to accumulate abscisic acid in response to water deficit. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 441–449.Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration and plant and soil water potentials were determined in leaves of three cultivars of Coleus blumei Benth. cvs. Marty, Buckley Supreme and PI354190, chosen for their differences in sensitivity to drought, SO2 and/or chilling stress. Plants were subjected to ‘gradual’ soil moisture stress (SMS) for 0–6 days, during which time the soil dried out slowly and to more ‘rapid’ SMS for 0–9 days where the soil dried out at a faster rate. Plants were propagated from clonal stock in the greenhouse and transferred to the growth chamber, where they were maintained for 1 week prior to beginning water stress treatment. ABA concentration was determined as the methyl ester using a gas chromatography ‐ electron capture detector method. Samples for ABA determinations were taken from the third pair of leaves from the apex at the same time each day (1430 h). Measurements of stomatal conductance (C5) and leaf water potential (φl) were made on the fourth pair of leaves from the apex, using the same plants as those sampled for ABA. During the more rapid stress portion of the study soil matric potentials (φm) were monitored on a daily basis. Despite large cultivar differences in ABA concentration at 0–6 days, by 7–9 days these differences had largely disappeared. Except for drought‐insensitive cv. Marty, there was generally little correlation between ABA levels and measurements of plant and soil water status at 7–9 days.
Nutrient uptake and allocation at steady‐state nutrition
Authors: Ingestad Torsten , Ågren Göran I. 
Published: July 2007

Ingestad, T. and Ågren, G. I. 1988. Nutrient uptake and allocation at steady‐state nutrition. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 450–459.Net nutrient uptake and translocation rates are discussed for conditions of steady‐state nutrition and growth. Under these conditions, the relative uptake rate is equal to the relative growth rate, for whole plants as well as for plant parts, since the root/shoot ratio and internal concentrations remain stable. The nutrient productivity and the minimum internal concentration are parameters characteristic for the plant and the nutrient. A conceptual, mathematical model, based on these two fundamental parameters is used for calculation and prediction of the net nutrient uptake rate, which is required to maintain steady‐state nutrition at a specified internal nutrient concentration or relative growth rate. When uptake rate is expressed on the basis of the root growth rate, there is, up to optimum, a strong linear relationship between uptake rate and the internal concentration of the limiting nutrient. More complicated and less consistent relationships are obtained when uptake rate is related to root biomass.The limiting factor for suboptimum uptake is the amount of nutrients becoming available at the root surface. When replenishment is efficient, e.g. with vigorous stirring, the concentration requirement at the root surface appears to be extremely low, even at optimum. In the suboptimum range of nutrition, the effect of nutrient status on root growth rate is a critical factor with a strong feed‐back on nutrition, growth and allocation. At supraoptimum conditions, the uptake mechanism is interpreted as a protection against too high uptake rates and internal concentrations at high external concentration.In birch (Betula pendulaRoth.), the allocation of nitrogen to the shoots is high compared to that of potassium and also to that of phosphorus at low nitrogen or phosphorus status. With decreasing stress, phosphorus allocation becomes more and more similar to nitrogen allocation. The formulation of a mathematical model for calculation of allocation of biomass and nutrients requires more exact information on the quantitative dependence of the growth‐regulating processes on nutrition.
Reserve mobilization and starch formation in soybean (Glycine max) cotyledons in relation to seedling growth
Authors: Brown Christopher S. , Huber Steven C. 
Published: July 2007

Brown, C. S. and Huber, S. C. 1988. Reserve mobilization and starch formation in soybean (Glycine max) cotyledons in relation to seedling growth. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 518–524.In germinating soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seedlings, starch accumulated in the cotyledons during the first 5 days of seedling growth. Among 10 genotypes, the amount of starch accumulated after 5 days was relatively independent of light and appeared to be primarily related to the amount of sucrose depleted from the cotyledons during the same time period. Depletion of other reserves (e.g. protein and lipid) were not closely correlated with starch formation. In addition, the differences in starch formation were not related to differences in activities of certain enzymes that may be involved in the conversion of sucrose to starch, namely starch synthase (EC 2.4.1.21), ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27), sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), neutral invertase (EC 3.2.1.26), and PPi‐linked phosphofructokinase (PFP) (EC 2.7.1.90). Starch synthesis did not compete with seedling growth, because among 10 genotypes, transient starch formation was correlated positively with seedling growth and cotyledonary photosynthetic rates. We postulate that starch is derived primarily from stored sucrose in the cotyledons and is not merely a result of ‘overflow’ carbon from other reserves. Starch formation also appeared to have a positive relationship with both early (0 to 5 days) and later (5 to 13 days) seedling growth, the latter perhaps due to enhanced cotyledon photosynthetic rates.
The effect of some growth regulators on light‐induced germination of Paulownia tomentosa seeds
Authors: Grubiš;ié D. , Konjevié R. , Neškovié M. 
Published: July 2007

Grubišié, D., Konjevié, R. and Neškovié, M. 1988. The effect of some growth regulators on light‐induced germination of Paulownia tomentosa seeds. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 525–528.The germination of Paulownia tomentosa Steud. (Empress tree) seeds can be induced either by red light (R) or by exogenously applied gibberellic acid (GA3). The R induced germination is completely suppressed by far red irradiation, abscisic acid (ABA) or by growth retardants such as ancymidol, tetcyclacis and paclobutrazol, though not by AMO 1618 or chloro‐choline chloride (CCC). The inhibition caused by far red light (FR) and growth retardants can be overcome by GA3, while the ABA‐induced inhibition can be reversed by fusicoccin (FC), which does not reverse the inhibition caused by FR or growth retardants. It is noteworthy that the germination of light insensitive wheat, corn, alfalfa and mung bean seeds is not inhibited by growth retardants.
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Picea glauca (White spruce)
Authors: Hakman Inger , von Arnold Sara 
Published: July 2007

Hakman, I. and von Arnold, S. 1988. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Picea glauca (White spruce). ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 579–587.Plantlets were regenerated from long‐term embryogenic cultures of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. (White spruce). Embryogenic calli, initiated from immature zygotic embryos and maintained by monthly subculture for 16 months, were used to establish suspension cultures. Small somatic embryos were continuously produced in liquid culture medium containing auxin and cytokinin and the cultures showed a sustained regeneration capacity for >6 months. Somatic embryos propagated in the suspension cultures developed further into embryos bearing cotyledons, about 1 month after transfer to solidified medium containing abscisic acid. Electron microscopic examination revealed that storage nutrients, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, accumulated in the somatic embryos during this treatment with abscisic acid (ABA). Upon subculture to medium lacking plant growth regulators such embryos could develop into small green plantlets.
Prospects for manipulating the substrate specificity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
Authors: Pierce John 
Published: July 2007

Pierce, J. 1988. Prospects for manipulating the substrate specificity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 690–698.The idea of enhancing plant productivity by minimizing the apparently wasteful process of photorespiration has been an enduring one. Since the relative fluxes of carbon through the competing pathways of photosynthesis and photorespiration are determined by the kinetic properties of a single enzyme, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, it has been conjectured that genetic modification of this protein could provide more productive plants. Recent advances in techniques for studying ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase hold promise for determining whether such modifications will prove possible.
Photosynthesis and carbon export in white clover plants grown at various levels of phosphorus supply
Authors: Hart A. L. , Greer D. H. 
Published: July 2007

Net photosynthesis, concurrent carbon export and starch, sucrose and inorganic phosphorus concentrations were measured in leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Grasslands Huia) grown at four levels of phosphorus supply in the presence or absence of mineral nitrogen. The nitrogen treatments had no effect on growth, photosyntheis or carbon export. At the three higher levels of phosphorus supply, the amount of carbon exported was about 77% of net fixation. Photosynthesis and export per leaf decreased with phosphorus supply, primarily through the effect of phosphorus supply on leaf area. The rate of photosynthesis was reduced only at the lowest level of phosphorus supply.Inorganic phosphorus rose with phosphorus supply but starch concentration was unaffected. Sucrose was reduced at the lowest level of phosphorus supply but not significantly affected at higher levels. The ratio between starch and sucrose concentration was also unaffected at the higher levels, but was increased at the lowest level of supply. There thus appeared to be direct effects of phosphorus supply on photosynthesis, partitioning of carbon to carbohydrates and, by implication, export, only at the lowest level of phosphorus supply. As leaf area and plant growth were affected over the whole range of phosphorus supply, factors other than photosynthesis per se must have determined the response of growth to phosphorus supply.