bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of normal neoplastic human tissues for the tumor‐associated protein p97
Authors: Woodbury Richard G. , Brown Joseph P. , Loop Stephen M. , Hellström Karl Erik , Hellström Ingegerd 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have used immunoprecipitation to test tumor biopsies and normal adult and fetal human tissues for p97, a tumor‐associated protein. Five of nine melanoma biopsies contained p97 in low to very high levels. Three of seven non‐melanoma tumors contained p97, but in smaller amounts. No p97 was detected in any of the normal adult tissues examined. The protein was, however, observed in samples of fetal colon and umbilical cord, and in one sample of fetal lung. One of two benign nevi contained high levels of p97, while one benign angiofibroma was negative. We conclude that the presence of p97, in levels detectable by our method, appears to be characteristic of certain neoplastic and fetal tissues.
Capping of peripheral blood lymphocyte C3 receptors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Relationship to chemotherapy
Authors: Gormus Bobby J. , Basara Michael L. , Oken Martin M. , Leech Stephen H. , Kaplan Manuel E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe data show that in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) there are elevated numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) capable of rosette formation (complement‐rosetting lymphocytes, CRL) with bacteria (B)‐antibody‐(A)‐complement (C) (BAC) complexes. In most of the CLL patients studied, large percentages of CRL were impaired in their ability to undergo BAC‐C3R cap formation compared to normal donors. The degree of impairment varied from one patient to the next. A consideration of clinical information suggested that the variation was related to the clinical response of patients to chemotherapy. Four categories of CLL patients could be identified on the basis of clinical data: (1) patients who had never received therapy for CLL; (2) those whose clinical history indicated a failure to respond to ongoing chemotherapy; (3) patients who had received successful prior chemotherapy and who were asymptomatic or stable and were receiving no therapy at the time of study; and (4) those who were undergoing therapy at the time of study and who subsequently became stable or asymptomatic and were removed from therapy. The first two categories of patients failed to show significant BAC‐C3R capping, whereas the last two were able to form C3R caps on significant percentages of CRL No direct relationship could be discerned between C3R capping and currently accepted classifications or stages (Rai) of CLL. These results suggest that monitoring the percentages of BAC‐C3R cap‐forming CRL may be useful in determining the success of chemotherapy of CLL patients. The microtubule‐disrupting agent colchicine enhanced BAC‐C3R capping in all CLL patients to normal levels, whereas the microfilament‐disrupting agent cytochalasin B (CB) had no effect on CLL PBL C3R capping. CB totally abolished C3R capping of CRL from normal donors. These results suggest that abnormalities exist in both cytoskeletal and contractile systems of CRL from CLL peripheral blood.
Enhancement of outgrowth of EB virus‐transformed cells from normal human peripheral blood by a tumor promoter, TPA
Authors: Yamamoto Hidehiko , Katsuki Takato , Harada Shinji , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEffect of 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) on the establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) following spontaneous transformation of B cells by Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) from peripheral lymphocytes of healthy EBV‐seropositive adults was examined. In the lymphocyte culture with TPA (0.5 ng/ml), the frequency of establishment of LCL increased and the time required for appearance of transformation decreased. A larger number of EBV‐positive cells in the peripheral blood were detected in the assay by co‐cultures with cord blood lymphocytes in the presence of TPA than in the absence of it. The enhancement of LCL establishment by TPA was largely abolished in the culture with EBV neutralizing antibody‐containing human umbilical cord serum. This suggests that the enhancement by TPA may be caused mostly by transformation of coresident B lymphocytes infected with active virus induced from the EBV genome‐positive cells by TPA.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia: Cytogenetics and bone‐marrow culture
Authors: Fraser Jan , Hollings P. E. , Fitzgerald P. H. , Day A. , Clark Vivienne , Heaton D. C. , Hamer J. W. , Beard M. E. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix patients were diagnosed as having acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) according to FAB criteria. One patient conformed to the M3 variant. Informative cytogenetic results (G‐banding) on five of the patients showed that three of them, including the M3 variant, had the 15;17 translocation in bone‐marrow or blood cells. Cells with the translocation were accompanied by cells with a normal karyotype in all patients and no other chromosomal abnormality was present. This first report of the 15;17 translocation from the South Pacific region is relevant to the uneven geographical distribution of APL patients with the translocation. Five of the six patients, including the M3 variant, showed a distinctive pattern of cell growth in agar culture characterized by a profusion of small, uniform clusters containing 6–20 cells with the appearance of promyelocytes. The remaining patient had a pattern of cell growth more typical of M2 acute leukemia. This cell growth pattern may be useful in diagnosing and monitoring the course of APL.
IgA antibody, antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity and prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Mathew Gregory D. , Qualtiere Louis F. , Neel H. Bryan , Pearson Gary R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunoglobulin fractions containing antibodies to the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) were isolated from different sera and tested in the antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. All cytotoxic activity resided in the IgG fraction. IgA antibodies were not cytotoxic in this assay against cells expressing the EBV‐induced membrane antigen complex. However, IgA antibodies were able to block the IgG‐mediated ADCC reaction, indicating that the IgA and IgG antibodies recognized the same EBV‐specific antigenic determinants. This was supported by results from radioimmune precipitation experiments. Our findings suggest that low ADCC titers previously identified in the sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who had a poor prognosis could be due to the blocking acitivity of IgA antibodies. The results further suggest that IgA antibodies are detrimental to the patient with this disease, if one assumes that ADCC functions in vivo in immunity to this tumor.
Interferon production and activation of non‐specific effector cells by stimulation with lymphoblastoid cell lines in vitro
Authors: Biron Christine A. , Hutt‐Fletcher Lindsey M. , Wertz Gail T. , Pagano Joseph S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA population of non‐specific effector lymphocytes is generated in response to stimulation with lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). These cytotoxic cells have an activity analogous to that exhibited by natural killer (NK) cells. When lymphoid cell lines established by transformation with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) are used to stimulate autochthonous T‐cell‐enriched lymphocytes, the activity against the NK‐sensitive target, K562, is increased up to 14‐fold. The stimulated T lymphocytes produce interferon, and this factor augments the cytotoxic activity of unstimulated cells. The size distribution of cytotoxic lymphocytes after stimulation with the autochthonous EBV line is unlike that of either T‐cells or interferon‐augmented T‐cells. Autochthonous stimulated lymphocytes which kill K562 are of several size classes, and are included in populations containing large blast cells. In contrast, the K562 activity of both unstimulated T‐cells and interferon‐augmented T‐cells is contained in a more discrete population of cells, just slightly larger than the majority of lymphocytes. Thus, the generation of non‐specific effector cells during stimulation with lymphoblastoid cell lines appears to involve the activation of a population of blast‐size cells in addition to those initially responsive to interferon augmentation.
Plasminogen activator content of neoplastic and benign human prostate tissues; fibrin augmentation of an activator activity
Authors: Camiolo S. M. , Markus G. , Evers J. L. , Hobika H. , Depasquale J. L. , Beckley S. , Grimaldi J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe plasminogen activator content of the extracts of excised prostate cancers (25 specimens) was determined with an azocasein assay and found to be on the average 1.7 times higher than that of extracts of excised prostate benign hyperplasias (29 specimens). Both groups contained the same average percentage of human urokinase type activator (∼45%) as determined by the inhibition of activity when anti‐human urokinase antibody was included in the assay system. The two types of activators were partially purified and found to have distinctly different properties. The most striking difference was the large augmentation of activity of the non‐urokinase enzyme in fibrinolysis. The implications of an enhanced fibrinolysis relative to azocaseinolysis (or other) is discussed, particularly with respect to its importance in the quantitation and characterization of activators by different investigators. Highly purified urokinase‐like activator was found to be similar to commercial urokinase preparation with respect to molecular weight, isoelectric point, inhibition by the antibody, and inhibition by placenta inhibitor.
Differences in lung cancer risk from smoking among Japanese, Chinese and hawaiian women in Hawaii
Authors: Hinds M. Ward , Stemmermann Grant N. , Yang Hong‐Yi , Kolonel Laurence N. , Lee James , Wegner Eldon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe age‐adjusted lung cancer incidence rates among Japanese, Chinese and Hawaiian women in Hawaii do not correlate to their respective cigarette smoking exposures. We conducted a case‐control study to determine the lung cancer risk associated with smoking among these three ethnic groups of women by reviewing the medical records of 176 Japanese, 67 Chinese and 132 Hawaiian lung cancer patients diagnosed from 1968 to 1978. Smoking histories, as well as socioeconomic indexes, for these cases were compared to those of 2,404 sex‐ and race‐matched controls from the general population. Controlling for age and socioeconomic index, we found that lung cancer risk associated with smoking was greatest for Hawaiian (O.R.=10.5), less for Japanese (O.R.=4.9) and least for Chinese women (O.R.=1.8). While smoking was associated with a significant increase in lung cancer risk for all histologies among Japanese and Hawaiian women, the risk was much greater for epidermoid and small‐cell types than for adenocarcinoma. Among Chinese women, epidermoid and small‐cell lung cancer were the only histologies showing a significant association with smoking. There was some suggestion that increased lung cancer risk was associated with a higher socioeconomic index after controlling for age and smoking, at least among Japanese born in Japan and Hawaiians with adenocarcinoma. The population risk for lung cancer attributable to smoking was found to be 79% for Hawaiian women, but only 44% for Japanese and merely 11% for Chinese women. Thus, we concluded that the majority of lung cancer occurring in Japanese and particularly Chinese women in Hawaii is due to factors other than cigarette smoking.
Immunoselection in vitro of a non‐metastatic variant from a highly metastatic tumor
Authors: Frost Philip , Kerbel Robert S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunoselection of a non‐metastatic variant of the highly metastatic MDAY‐D2 tumor of DBA/2 mice was achieved by means of an antiserum directed to the LY6.2 surface marker of MDAY‐D2. While the new tumor (MDAY‐D2.L61) expresses no detectable LY6.2, other measurable surface markers including H2d, FcR and TAA remain unchanged. The phenotypic behavior of MDAY‐D2.L61 is that of a non‐metastatic tumor and has remained stable after 1 year of maintenance in vivo and in vitro. Immunoselection can now be used to derive variants with stable phenotypic behavior from heterogeneous parent tumor cell populations.
Surface proteins of simian‐virus‐40‐transformed cells
Authors: Chandrasekaran K. , Winterbourne David J. , Luborsky Samuel W. , Mora Peter T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMammalian cells transformed in tissue culture by SV40 were shown to contain, in addition to the SV40‐coded 94,000 d large T antigen and the 20, 000 d small t antigen, a ∼ 56,000 d cellular protein, which specifically precipitates with sera of animals bearing SV40‐induced tumor (s) (tumor or T serum). We investigated the presence of these three proteins at the surface of logarithmically growing SV40‐transformed cloned mouse cells, after metabolic labelling with [35S]‐methionine for 3 h. The 56,000 d protein was found to be susceptible to digestion by trypsin under conditions which did not disrupt the cells, while no small t antigen was found to be digested. Both the 56,000 d cellular protein and the SV40 large T antigen were susceptible to lactoperoxi‐dase‐catalyzed iodination from the outside of intact cells. Trypsin treatment removed both the iodinated 56,000 d protein and the iodinated SV40 large T antigen. These experiments indicated that (a certain amount of) the 56,000 d protein and a relatively small amount of the large T antigen (which is present mainly in the nucleus) are present on the cell surface. The results confirm and extend independent experiments using subcellular frac‐tionation techniques (Luborsky and Chandrasekaran, 1980; Soule and Butel, 1979). After heat treatment (at 50°C for 30 min) of the whole‐cell extract the 56,000 d cellular protein was precipitated by the tumor serum in the absence of precipitation of SV40 large T antigen. This result showed that the 56,000 d protein is more (thermostable (in the whole‐cell extract) than the SV40 large T antigen, and also indicated that the tumor serum employed had antibodies against the 56,000 d cellular antigen. The heat‐treated whole‐cell extract of SV40‐transformed mouse cells was able to immunize and fully protect mice against a lethal tumorigenic dose of SV40‐transformed cells. These results suggest the need for further experiments to characterize the chemical and immunologic properties of the 56,000 d protein.
Fibronectin in human solid tumors
Authors: Stenman Svante , Vaheri Antti 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFibronectin in human solid tumors was studied by indirect immunofluorescence staining of biopsy material. Altogether 73 tumors were examined, comprising 12 sarcomas, 3 melanomas I reticulum cell sarcoma, 39 carcinomas, 6 benign soft‐tissue tumors and 12 benign epithelial tumors. In all sarcomas the individual tumor cells were surrounded by a network of fibronectin which was continuous with the stroma. The distribution of fibronectin was similar in the benign soft‐tissue tumors. In contrast, no fibronectin was detected in the individual carcinoma cells or in their periphery. However, the reactive connective tissue stroma of carcinomas was strongly positive for fibronectin. This was true also for the stroma of benign epithelial tumors. These results show that, contrary to the situation in cell culture,in vivosarcoma cells and benign soft‐tissue tumor cells contain fibronectin in their pericellular matrix. On the other hand, fibronectin can be used to distinguish carcinomas from sarcomasin vivo.
Intraperitoneal administration of corynebacterium parvum in patients with ascitic ovarian tumors resistant to chemotherapy: Effects on cytotoxicity of tumor‐associated macrophages and NK cells
Authors: Mantovani Alberto , Sessa Cristiana , Peri Giuseppe , Allavena Paola , Introna Martino , Polentarutti Nadia , Mangioni Costantino 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight ovarian cancer patients with ascites resistant to various chemotherapy protocols were treated i.p. with C. parvum in an effort to obtain a palliative reduction of peritoneal effusions. C. parvum(7–14 mg) was given i.p. on days 0, 7, 28 and then at monthly intervals. Three patients showed no clinical evidence of therapeutic benefit from C. parvum administration. Three subjects had a complete disappearance of ascites, and two additional patients showed a marked reduction of their effusions. Solid tumor masses were not affected by i.p. C. parvum. C. parvum injection caused a rapid decrease of the percentage of tumor cells in the ascites as early as 7–15 days after the first treatment. Concomitantly, the percentage of polymorphs and, to a lesser extent, of macrophages in the ascitic tumor increased, whereas tumor‐associated lymphoid cells (TAL) were not altered in a consistent pattern. The tumoricidal activity of peripheral blood monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells was not consistently modified after C. parvum treatment. Pretreatment NK activity of TAL was usually very low and was not appreciably modified by i.p. C. parvum. In one patient, whose TAL had NK activity in the range of normal PBL, C. parvum administration was followed by a profound depression of intratumor NK cytotoxicity. The tumoricidal activity of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) was not enhanced following C. parvum administration; 14–21 days after the first C. parvum inoculation, a marked decrease of the cytolytic capacity of TAM was observed, cytotoxicity returning to pretreatment values thereafter. These observations do not elucidate the mechanism of the limited, but significant, anti‐tumor activity of i.p. C. parvum in human ovarian carcinomatous ascites. The lack of enhancement of macrophage cytotoxicity after i.p. C. parvum, predicted on the basis of data in rodents, cautions against the empirical use in humans of agents assumed to affect human neoplasia through activation of host defense mechanisms.
Monoclonal antibody to ganglioside gq discriminates between haemopoietic cells and infiltrating neuroblastoma tumour cells in bone marrow
Authors: Kemshead J. T. , Walsh F. , Pritchard J. , Greaves M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immunological approach has been sought for the identification of minimal metastatic spread of neuroblastoma to bone marrow. Here we describe the reactivity of the monoclonal antibody A2B5 to human neuroblastoma cell lines and fresh tumour tissue. This reagent, raised against chick retinal cells, reacts with all human neuroblastoma lines assayed although quantitative differences in antigenic expression exist between cultures. Analysis of tumour cells in heavily infiltrated bone marrow aspirates indicated that only 70% of the samples reacted with A2B5, suggesting that the heterogeneity seen in the expression of antigen on cell lines is paralleled in fresh tumour material. A2B5 showed no reactivity to either a panel of human leukaemic cell lines or normal human bone marrow, although reactivity to an occasional leukaemic marrow aspirate was detected. We suggest that A2B5 could form part of a panel of monoclonal reagents necessary for detecting metastatic spread of all neuroblastoma cells to bone marrow. Such a group of reagents may be useful therapeutically in a programme of autologous bone marrow transplantation for the removal of tumour cells prior to reinfusion of haemopoietic cells to patients receiving high‐dose chemotherapy.
Antibodies to epstein‐barr virus‐specific antigens in patients with hairy‐cell leukemia
Authors: Sakamoto Kiyoshi , Aiba Motohiko , Katayama Isao , Sullivan John L. , Humphreys Robert E. , Purtilo David T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody titers to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific antigens of 19 patients with hairy‐cell leukemia (HCL) were markedly elevated. All patients showed high titers of IgG anti‐viral capsid antigen (VCA) reactivity equal to or greater than 320 (reciprocal titer). The anti‐VCA reciprocal geometric mean titer (GTM) was 1106 in contrast to a GMT of 80 for healthy controls (p < 0.001). No IgM anti‐VCA antibody was detected, but three patients had IgA anti‐VCA antibodies. Fourteen patients had elevated anti‐early antigen (EA) titers (GMT = 177) which were indicative of active infections with EBV. Seven of the 14 patients demonstrated the diffuse component antibody of the early antigen (EA) complex at a GMT of 98. Anti‐Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) was detected in sera of 16 patients (GMT = 64, controls GMT = 79). It is noteworthy that three patients with anti‐VCA titers lacked anti‐EBNA titers. These antibody responses suggest that immunodeficiency secondary to HCL allowed reactivation of the virus.
Murine natural anti‐tumor antibodies. II. The contribution of natural antibodies to tumor surveillance
Authors: Chow D. A. , Wolosin L. B. , Greenberg A. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate whether natural anti‐tumor antibodies (NAb) contributed to the surveillance of small inocula of syngeneic tumors. Experiments were designed to distinguish between NAb and NK‐mediated host resistance. Four approaches were used: (I) the isolation of tumor variants differing in their tumorigenicity and susceptibility to these mechanisms, and to activated macrophages; (2) a comparison of the effects of adjuvants on the modification of both host resistance and the activity of these effectors; (3) the relationship between the ontogeny of the natural resistance mechanisms and tumorigenicity in aged mice; and (4) the use of a Winn‐type assay. These studies provided support for a role in natural resistance correlated with both the ability of tumors to bind NAb, and the production of NAb in adjuvant‐stimulated mice. Furthermore, the frequency of tumors observed after tumor challenge more closely correlated with the ontogeny of natural antibody than NK cells, and tumors coated with NAb were less tumorigenic than controls. The reduced tumorigenicity of an NK‐sensitive tumor, when compared to an NK‐resistant variant of the same line, provided evidence for NK‐cell‐mediated natural resistance in young adult mice. It was concluded that natural resistance to tumors is a complex phenomenon dependent on the tumor phenotype, as well as the activity of several effector mechanisms, and that natural anti‐tumor antibody must be considered an important component of host resistance.
Cell‐mediated suppression of tumor immunity has a non‐specific component. II. Evidence from cell culture experiments
Authors: Hellstrom Ingegerd , Hellstrom Karl Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vitro studies were performed to search for cells in the thymus of BALB/c mice with MCA‐induced sarcomas which could suppress either a secondary immune response to MuLV‐associated tumor antigens present on a Moloney leukemia virus‐induced lymphoma, LSTRA, or a primary cytotoxic response to C57BL/6 alloanti‐gens. They showed that thymocytes from mice with sarcomas were suppressive in both systems, and that suppression was independent of whether or not the sarcomas expressed MuLV antigen gp70. Furthermore, normal thymocytes, when combined with mitomycin‐C‐treated cells from any of several different MCA‐induced sarcomas, suppressed the in vitro generation of a secondary cytolytic response to LSTRA. We postulate that exposure of mice to certain tumor antigens induces cells which, in the presence of the same tumor antigens, can suppress the immune response also to antigens which are not detectably present on the tumor cells inducing the response.