bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duloxetine-induced hypomania: case report and brief review of the literature on SNRIs-induced mood switching
Authors: Peritogiannis V , Antoniou K , Mouka V , Mavreas V , Hyphantis TN 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Manic switching during antidepressant treatment has been reported with every class of antidepressant drugs. Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have been increasingly used for the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression and are well tolerated and sufficiently effective because of their dual mechanism of action. A case of duloxetine-induced hypomania in a non-bipolar patient is presented, and a brief review of all cases of SNRIs’ induced mania and hypomania has been carried out. The available data suggest that SNRIs, especially venlafaxine, can induce mood switching in patients with bipolar depression and in certain patients with unipolar depression, but the potential of duloxetine and milnacipran to induce manic or hypomanic symptoms cannot be disregarded. Switching appears to be dose-related and treatment initiation with lower doses and upward titration when needed may be preferable in selected cases and may help minimizing the risk of mood switching.
Does oral alprazolam affect ventilation? A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Carraro GE , Russi EW , Buechi S , Bloch KE 
Published: June 2008

Abstract The respiratory effects of benzodiazepines have been controversial. This investigation aimed to study the effects of oral alprazolam on ventilation. In a randomised, double-blind cross-over protocol, 20 healthy men ingested 1 mg of alprazolam or placebo in random order, 1 week apart. Ventilation was unobtrusively monitored by inductance plethysmography along with end-tidal PCO2 and pulse oximetry 60–160 min after drug intake. Subjects were encouraged to keep their eyes open. Mean ± SD minute ventilation 120 min after alprazolam and placebo was similar (6.21 ± 0.71 vs 6.41 ± 1.12 L/min, P = NS). End-tidal PCO2 and oxygen saturation did also not differ between treatments. However, coefficients of variation of minute ventilation after alprazolam exceeded those after placebo (43 ± 23% vs 31 ± 13%, P < 0.05). More encouragements to keep the eyes open were required after alprazolam than after placebo (5.2 ± 5.7 vs 1.3 ± 2.3 calls, P < 0.05). In a multiple regression analysis, higher coefficients of variation of minute ventilation after alprazolam were related to a greater number of calls. Oral alprazolam in a mildly sedative dose has no clinically relevant effect on ventilation in healthy, awake men. The increased variability of ventilation on alprazolam seems related to vigilance fluctuations rather than to a direct drug effect on ventilation.
A proteomic investigation of similarities between conventional and herbal antidepressant treatments
Authors: Pennington K , Föcking M , McManus CA , Pariante CM , Dunn MJ , Cotter DR 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Increasing clinical evidence for the effectiveness of herbal antidepressants has led to investigations at the molecular level. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, this study investigated similarities in protein expression between clomipramine, St John’s wort and a Chinese herbal formula, xiao-yao-san, often used in mood disorder treatment. HT22 cells, derived from a mouse hippocampal cell line, were treated for 24 h, and protein expression was compared with that of the untreated cells ( n = 4/group). Forty-three protein spots were found to be significantly differentially expressed ( P < 0.05) in more than one of the treatment groups. Twenty-nine of these were identified using mass spectrometry. The most affected proteins were those involved in the cytoskeleton and energy metabolism, and an up-regulation of vimentin by all three treatments was confirmed by Western blotting. This study provides preliminary evidence for multiple common molecular targets between conventional and alternative antidepressants, which appear to collectively affect neuronal plasticity.
Effects of bupropion augmentation on pro-inflammatory cytokines in escitalopram-resistant patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Eller T , Vasar V , Shlik J , Maron E 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Studies so far have provided contradictory results on immune system markers during use of antidepressants. There are no data on changes in immune parameters after treatment augmentation. The present study aimed to clarify whether the addition of bupropion in escitalopram-resistant patients with major depression causes changes in the immune system and whether treatment response could be predicted by baseline levels of cytokines. We recruited 28 depressive patients (11 men and 17 women) who did not respond to 12-week treatment with escitalopram (20 mg/d) for an augmentation trial with bupropion (150–300 mg/day). The levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor-necrosis factor-α were measured before and 6 weeks after addition of bupropion. For a control group, we recruited 45 healthy volunteers (19 men and 26 women). The results indicated that the baseline levels of studied cytokines did not predict treatment response to bupropion augmentation. Concentration of IL-8 increased during the treatment similarly in both responder and non-responder groups. Although bupropion augmentation had increased the response rate in escitalopram-resistant patients, this clinical improvement was not accompanied by specific changes in studied cytokine levels.
Cardiovascular variability during treatment with haloperidol, olanzapine or risperidone in recent-onset schizophrenia
Authors: Hempel RJ , Tulen JHM , van Beveren NJM , Röder CH , Hengeveld MW 
Published: June 2008

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with haloperidol, olanzapine and risperidone on cardiovascular variability in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia by means of spectral analysis. Unmedicated patients ( n = 18) had a higher mean heart rate and a tendency for a lower high-frequency power of heart rate variability than healthy control subjects ( n = 57), indicating a decreased cardiac vagal control in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. Patients treated with haloperidol ( n = 10) showed significantly lower low-frequency power of heart rate and systolic blood pressure variability compared with olanzapine-treated patients, suggesting that haloperidol attenuated sympathetic functioning. On the contrary, olanzapine-treated patients ( n = 10) showed the highest power in the low-frequency range of heart rate and systolic blood pressure variability, suggesting an increased sympathetic cardiac functioning. No significant effects of risperidone ( n = 13) were found. None of the antipsychotic agents differed in their parasympathetic cardiovascular effects. We conclude that young, unmedicated patients with schizophrenia differed from controls in their parasympathetic functioning, but the antipsychotic agents haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine induced only minor cardiovascular side effects.
The motherhood choice: Themes arising in the decision-making process for women with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Prunty M , Sharpe L , Butow P , Fulcher G 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the main themes and concerns for women with Multiple Sclerosis when considering motherhood.MethodTwenty women with multiple sclerosis from various stages in the decision-making process participated in focus-groups where information was gathered regarding their experiences of making this decision.ResultsThe themes emerging most frequently during the decision-making process were: a) concerns about the mother's own health and well-being; b) well-being of the child; c) coping with parenting; d) societal attitudes; e) experiencing parenting and f) timing and pressure of the decision.ConclusionThe results indicate that information regarding the effect of MS on pregnancy and child-rearing and the effect of pregnancy on MS and its progression need to be made more accessible to women. Information would be a valuable resource for women going through this decision-making process.
In vivo trafficking and survival of cytokine-induced killer cells resulting in minimal GVHD with retention of antitumor activity
Authors: Nishimura Ryosei , Baker Jeanette , Beilhack Andreas , Zeiser Robert , Olson Janelle A. , Sega Emanuela I. , Karimi Mobin , Negrin Robert S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are ex vivo–expanded T lymphocytes expressing both natural killer (NK)– and T-cell markers. CIK cells are cytotoxic against autologous and allogeneic tumors. We previously showed that adoptive transfer of allogeneic CIK cells in a murine model caused minimal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, the precise mechanism of reduced GVHD is not fully understood. Therefore, we evaluated the trafficking and survival of luciferase-expressing CIK cells in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant model. The initial trafficking patterns of CIK cells were similar to conventional T cells that induced GVHD; however, CIK cells infiltrated GVHD target tissues much less and transiently. CIK cells accumulated and persisted in tumor sites, resulting in tumor eradication. We evaluated different properties of CIK cells compared with conventional T cells, demonstrating a slower division rate of CIK cells, higher susceptibility to apoptosis, persistent increased expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and reduced acquisition of homing molecules required for entry of cells into inflamed GVHD target organs that lack expression of NKG2D ligands recognized by CIK cells. Due to these properties, allogeneic CIK cells had reduced expansion and caused less tissue damage. We conclude that CIK cells have the potential to separate graft-versus-tumor effects from GVHD.
Defective homing is associated with altered Cdc42 activity in cells from patients with Fanconi anemia group A
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Shang Xun , Guo Fukun , Murphy Kim , Kirby Michelle , Kelly Patrick , Reeves Lilith , Smith Franklin O. , Williams David A. , Zheng Yi , Pang Qishen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPrevious studies showed that Fanconi anemia (FA) murine stem cells have defective reconstitution after bone marrow (BM) transplantation. The mechanism underlying this defect is not known. Here, we report defective homing of FA patient BM progenitors transplanted into mouse models. Using cells from patients carrying mutations in FA complementation group A (FA-A), we show that when transplanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) recipient mice, FA-A BM cells exhibited impaired homing activity. FA-A cells also showed defects in both cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. Complementation of FA-A deficiency by reexpression of FANCA readily restored adhesion of FA-A cells. A significant decrease in the activity of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 was found associated with these defective functions in patient-derived cells, and expression of a constitutively active Cdc42 mutant was able to rescue the adhesion defect of FA-A cells. These results provide the first evidence that FA proteins influence human BM progenitor homing and adhesion via the small GTPase Cdc42-regulated signaling pathway.
Association between BMI-1 expression, acute graft-versus-host disease, and outcome following allogeneic stem cell transplantation from HLA-identical siblings in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mohty Mohamad , Szydlo Richard M. , Yong Agnes S. M. , Apperley Jane F. , Goldman John M. , Melo Junia V. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Expression of CD7, ELA-2, PR-3, and the polycomb group gene BMI-1 reflects the intrinsic heterogeneity and predicts prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who were not treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). This study investigated whether expression of these genes determined outcome following allo-SCT in a cohort of 84 patients with chronic-phase (CP) CML. We found that patients expressing BMI-1 at a “high” level before allo-SCT had an improved overall survival (P = .005) related to a reduced transplantation-related mortality. In multivariate analysis, when adjusted for the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)–Gratwohl score and other prog-nostic factors, there was an independent association between BMI-1 expression and grades 2 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (relative risk [RR] = 2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-6.4; P = .011), suggesting that BMI-1 measured prior to allo-SCT can serve as a biomarker for predicting outcome in patients with CP-CML receiving allo-SCT, and may thus contribute to better therapeutic decisions.
FLT3 ligand and not TSLP is the key regulator of IL-7–independent B-1 and B-2 B lymphopoiesis
Authors: Jensen Christina T. , Kharazi Shabnam , Böiers Charlotta , Cheng Min , Lübking Anna , Sitnicka Ewa , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Phenotypically and functionally distinct progenitors and developmental pathways have been proposed to exist for fetally derived B-1 and conventional B-2 cells. Although IL-7 appears to be the primary cytokine regulator of fetal and adult B lymphopoiesis in mice, considerable fetal B lymphopoiesis and postnatal B cells are sustained in the absence of IL-7; in humans, B-cell generation is suggested to be largely IL-7–independent, as severe combined immune-deficient patients with IL-7 deficiency appear to have normal B-cell numbers. However, the role of other cytokines in IL-7–independent B lymphopoiesis remains to be established. Although thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been proposed to be the main factor driving IL-7–independent B lymphopoiesis and to distinguish fetal from adult B-cell progenitor development in mice, recent studies failed to support a primary role of TSLP in IL-7–independent fetal B-cell development. However, the role of TSLP in IL-7–independent adult B lymphopoiesis and in particular in regulation of B-1 cells remains to be established. Here we demonstrate that, rather than TSLP, IL-7 and FLT3 ligand are combined responsible for all B-cell generation in mice, including recently identified B-1–specified cell progenitors. Thus, the same IL-7– and FLT3 ligand–mediated signal-ing regulates alternative pathways of fetal and adult B-1 and B-2 lymphopoiesis.
Predicting transcriptional regulatory interactions with artificial neural networks applied to E. coli multidrug resistance efflux pumps
Authors: Veiga Diogo FT , Vicente Fábio FR , Nicolás Marisa F , Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Background
Little is known about bacterial transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs). In Escherichia coli, which is the organism with the largest wet-lab validated TRN, its set of interactions involves only ~50% of the repertoire of transcription factors currently known, and ~25% of its genes. Of those, only a small proportion describes the regulation of processes that are clinically relevant, such as drug resistance mechanisms.

Results
We designed feed-forward (FF) and bi-fan (BF) motif predictors for E. coli using multi-layer perceptron artificial neural networks (ANNs). The motif predictors were trained using a large dataset of gene expression data; the collection of motifs was extracted from the E. coli TRN. Each network motif was mapped to a vector of correlations which were computed using the gene expression profile of the elements in the motif. Thus, by combining network structural information with transcriptome data, FF and BF predictors were able to classify with a high precision of 83% and 96%, respectively, and with a high recall of 86% and 97%, respectively. These results were found when motifs were represented using different types of correlations together, i.e., Pearson, Spearman, Kendall, and partial correlation. We then applied the best predictors to hypothesize new regulations for 16 operons involved with multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps, which are considered as a major bacterial mechanism to fight antimicrobial agents. As a result, the motif predictors assigned new transcription factors for these MDR proteins, turning them into high-quality candidates to be experimentally tested.

Conclusion
The motif predictors presented herein can be used to identify novel regulatory interactions by using microarray data. The presentation of an example motif to predictors will make them categorize whether or not the example motif is a BF, or whether or not it is an FF. This approach is useful to find new "pieces" of the TRN, when inspecting the regulation of a small set of operons. Furthermore, it shows that correlations of expression data can be used to discriminate between elements that are arranged in structural motifs and those in random sets of transcripts.
Human pregnane X receptor is expressed in breast carcinomas, potential heterodimers formation between hPXR and RXR-alpha
Authors: Conde Isabel , Lobo María VT , Zamora Javier , Pérez Julio , González Francisco J , Alba Emilio , Fraile Benito , Paniagua Ricardo , Arenas María I 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) is an orphan nuclear receptor that induces transcription of response elements present in steroid-inducible cytochrome P-450 gene promoters. This activation requires the participation of retinoid X receptors (RXRs), needed partners of hPXR to form heterodimers. We have investigated the expression of hPXR and RXRs in normal, premalignant, and malignant breast tissues, in order to determine whether their expression profile in localized infiltrative breast cancer is associated with an increased risk of recurrent disease.MethodsBreast samples from 99 patients including benign breast diseases,in situand infiltrative carcinomas were processed for immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis.ResultsCancer cells from patients that developed recurrent disease showed a high cytoplasmic location of both hPXR isoforms. Only the infiltrative carcinomas that relapsed before 48 months showed nuclear location of hPXR isoform 2. This location was associated with the nuclear immunoexpression of RXR-alpha.ConclusionBreast cancer cells can express both variants 1 and 2 of hPXR. Infiltrative carcinomas that recurred showed a nuclear location of both hPXR and RXR-alpha; therefore, the overexpression and the subcellular location changes of hPXR could be considered as a potential new prognostic indicator.
Comparison of Maize (Zea maysL.) F1-Hybrid and Parental Inbred Line Primary Root Transcriptomes Suggests Organ-Specific Patterns of Nonadditive Gene Expression and Conserved Expression Trends
Authors: Hoecker Nadine , Keller Barbara , Muthreich Nils , Chollet Didier , Descombes Patrick , Piepho Hans-Peter , Hochholdinger Frank 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe phenomenon of heterosis describes the increased agronomic performance of heterozygous F1 plants compared to their homozygous parental inbred plants. Heterosis is manifested during the early stages of root development in maize. The goal of this study was to identify nonadditive gene expression in primary roots of maize hybrids compared to the average expression levels of their parental inbred lines. To achieve this goal a two-step strategy was used. First, a microarray preselection of nonadditively expressed candidate genes was performed. Subsequently, gene expression levels in a subset of genes were determined via high-throughput quantitative real-time (qRT)–PCR experiments. Initial microarray experiments identified 1941 distinct microarray features that displayed nonadditive gene expression in at least 1 of the 12 analyzed hybrids compared to the midparent value of their parental inbred lines. Most nonadditively expressed genes were expressed between the parental values (&gt;89%). Comparison of these 1941 genes with nonadditively expressed genes identified in maize shoot apical meristems via the same experimental procedure in the same genotypes revealed significantly less overlap than expected by pure chance. This finding suggests organ-specific patterns of nonadditively expressed genes. qRT–PCR analyses of 64 of the 1941 genes in four different hybrids revealed conserved patterns of nonadditively expressed genes in different hybrids. Subsequently, 22 of the 64 genes that displayed nonadditive expression in all four hybrids were analyzed in 12 hybrids that were generated from four inbred lines. Among those genes a superoxide dismutase 2 was expressed significantly above the midparent value in all 12 hybrids and might thus play a protective role in heterosis-related antioxidative defense in the primary root of maize hybrids. The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that both global expression trends and the consistent differential expression of specific genes contribute to the organ-specific manifestation of heterosis.
The Origin of a “Zebra” Chromosome in Wheat Suggests Nonhomologous Recombination as a Novel Mechanism for New Chromosome Evolution and Step Changes in Chromosome Number
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Wanlong , Friebe Bernd , Gill Bikram S 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
An alloplasmic wheat line, TA5536, with the “zebra” chromosome z5A was isolated from an Elymus trachycaulus/Triticum aestivum backcross derivative. This chromosome was named “zebra” because of its striped genomic in situ hybridization pattern. Its origin was traced to nonhomologous chromosome 5A of wheat and 1Ht of Elymus; four chromatin segments were derived from chromosome 1Ht and five chromatin segments including the centromere from 5A. In this study, our objective was to determine the mechanism of origin of chromosome z5A, whether by nonhomologous recombination or by multiple translocation events. Different crossing schemes were used to recover recombinants containing various Elymus chromatin segments of the z5A chromosome. In addition, one z5AL telocentric chromosome and three z5AL isochromosomes were recovered. The dissection of the Elymus segments into different stocks allowed us to determine the chromosomal origin of the different chromosome fragments on the basis of the order of the RFLP markers employed and suggested that the zebra chromosome originated from nonhomologous recombination. We present a model of possible mechanism(s) of chromosome evolution and step changes in chromosome number applicable to a wide range of organisms.
Parallel Domestication, Convergent Evolution and Duplicated Gene Recruitment in Allopolyploid Cotton
Authors: Hovav Ran , Chaudhary Bhupendra , Udall Joshua A , Flagel Lex , Wendel Jonathan F 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
A putative advantage of allopolyploidy is the possibility of differential selection of duplicated (homeologous) genes originating from two different progenitor genomes. In this note we explore this hypothesis using a high throughput, SNP-specific microarray technology applied to seed trichomes (cotton) harvested from three developmental time points in wild and modern accessions of two independently domesticated cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense. We show that homeolog expression ratios are dynamic both developmentally and over the several-thousand-year period encompassed by domestication and crop improvement, and that domestication increased the modulation of homeologous gene expression. In both species, D-genome expression was preferentially enhanced under human selection pressure, but for nonoverlapping sets of genes for the two independent domestication events. Our data suggest that human selection may have operated on different components of the fiber developmental genetic program in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, leading to convergent rather than parallel genetic alterations and resulting morphology.