bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaesthetic regimes for cataract removal in the dog
Authors: Young S. S. , Barnett K. C. , Taylor P. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDogs scheduled for elective removal of non‐diabetic cataracts were assigned to one of four anaesthetic regimes. Thiopentone (Intraval Sodium; RMB Animal Health) or propofol (Rapinovet; Coopers Pitman‐Moore) was used as the induction agent and with each agent half the animals were paralysed with vecuronium (Nor‐curon; Organon Teknika) and ventilated mechanically, and half breathed spontaneously. Anaesthesia was maintained with halothane (Halothane‐M&B; RMB Animal Health) and nitrous oxide (BOC) in oxygen. The use of muscle relaxants significantly improved the eye position and significantly reduced the lowest halothane vaporiser setting used during anaesthesia. Propofol produced a significantly shorter recovery time than thiopentone.
Maxillary‐mandibular wiring for the management of caudal mandibular fractures in two cats
Authors: Lewis D. D. , Oakes M. G. , Kerwin S. C. , Hedlund C. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMaxillary‐mandibular wiring was used for mandibular immobilisation and maintenance of proper dental occlusion in two cats with caudal mandibular fractures. Alimentation was provided to one cat via a gastrostomy tube and to the other cat via a nasogastric tube during the seven day period the maxillary‐mandibular wires were maintained. Both cats had normal occlusion and mandibular function at the time of discharge from the hospital and at follow‐up examination.
Urinary alkaline phosphatase and 7‐glutamyl transferase as indicators of acute renal damage in dogs
Authors: Heiene R. , Biewenga W. J. , Koeman J. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTUrinary alkaline phosphatase (AP) and 7‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were measured in normal dogs, dogs with chronic renal failure, and dogs with acute renal failure, as confirmed by renal histology. The median values for urinary AP were 5–8 iu/litre/mmol creatinine for normal dogs, 6–7 for dogs with chronic renal failure and 49‐4 for dogs with acute renal failure. The median values for urinary GGT were 3–4 iu/litre/mmol creatinine for normal dogs, 4–9 for dogs with chronic renal failure and 9‐6 for dogs with acute renal failure. The results suggest that urinary AP can be used as an indicator of acute renal damage in the dog. GGT was shown to be less useful. No clear correlations were found between urinary enzyme levels and the extent of morphological kidney damage.
Cardiac damage in dogs infected with T brucei; clinical and electrocardiographic features
Authors: Ndung'u J. M. , McEwan N. A. , Jennings F. W. , Murray Max 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIntravenous infection of dogs with Trypanosoma brucei resulted in an acute disease syndrome, characterised by fever, intense parasitaemia, severe anaemia and rapid weight loss. During the course of infection, evidence of severe cardiac abnormalities developed. Tachycardia and tachypnoea occurred soon after detection of parasitaemia, around day 6, progressing to severe bradycardia and dyspnoea in terminal stages of the disease in week 4. Murmurs of mitral and tricuspid incompetence were heard from day 12 by auscultation of the thoracic cavity. Electrocardiography revealed abnormalities in generation and conduction of electrical impulses, including sinus arrest and atrioventricular blocks, and accumulation of pericardial effusion in terminal stages. Effective treatment with the trypanocidal drug suramin resulted in rapid improvement of one of the dogs. When treatment was unsuccessful, however, chronic myocardial damage developed, with intramyocardial conduction defects, including S‐T segment and T wave changes, and ventricular escape beats. These abnormalities were similar to those reported for human African trypanosomiasis.
A comparison of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of flimixin and pap aver etum in the dog
Authors: Reid J. , Nolan A. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwenty‐nine dogs undergoing a variety of surgical procedures were assigned randomly to one of two groups. All animals were premedicated with acepromazine (0–05 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Induction of anaesthesia was achieved with thiopentone sodium, or propofol in the case of sight hounds, and maintained with halothane in an oxygen/nitrous oxide mixture using a non‐rebreathing circuit. Dogs in group 1 were given flunixin (1 mg/kg made up to 5 ml with 0–9 per cent saline) slowly intravenously 10 minutes before the halothane was switched off. Group 2 dogs received papaveretum (0–2 mg/kg made up to 5 ml with saline] administered as before. Using a visual analogue scale, the dogs were scored for sedation and for pain by trained theatre staff who were unaware of the analgesic used. Scoring was at15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes after analgesic administration. Seven dogs were withdrawn from the trial (three from the papaveretum group and four from the group which received flunixin) because analgesia was deemed unsatisfactory and these animals were given pethidine (3 mg/kg intramuscularly) which produced adequate analgesia within 15 minutes in all cases. Clinically, flunixin proved to be as effective a postoperative analgesic as papaveretum for up to six hours and was associated with less sedation, Pain scores were significantly different at two and four hours with flunixin providing more analgesia than papaveretum and at the four hour time point, flunixin was associated with significantly less sedation than papaveretum. From this study it was concluded that flunixin has a place in the treatment of acute post surgical pain, either alone or in combination with opioid analgesics where pain is refractory to treatment with clinical doses of opioids alone.
Therapeutic aspects of acute spinal cord trauma
Authors: Janssens L. A. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTExperimental spinal cord trauma is studied with the purpose of better understanding and of finding better treatments for clinically occurring spinal cord trauma. Logical treatments of spinal cord trauma inhibit or block pathophysiological pathways and cascades. These consist mainly of calcium ion channel blockers, free radical scavengers, anti‐oedema drugs and drugs that interfere with the arachidonic acid cascade and with thrombocyte aggregation and serotonin activity. Of these some have shown to be effective in experiments; dimethyl‐sulphoxide (DMSO), methylprednisolone and naloxone. Of these methylprednisolone and DMSO can be used effectively in small animal practice.
Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of a cinchophen and prednisolone combination in the dog
Authors: McKellar Q. A. , Pearson T. , Galbraith E. A. , Boyle J. , Bell G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe kinetics and efficacy of a cinchophen prednisolone combination preparation (PLT) were assessed in the dog. Cinchophen administered at a dose rate of 12‐5 mg/kg intravenously had a volume of distribution (Vd area) of 0–13 litres/kg, a clearance rate (Cl) of 0–15 litres/h and a half‐life (t 1/2β of 7–92 hours. Following oral administration the bioavailability was 87‐21 per cent. Prednisolone administered at a dose rate of 0–15 mg/kg intravenously had a Vd area of 2–7 litres/kg, a CI of 0–116 litres/h and a t1/2β of 1–11 hours. PLT given to dogs with osteoarthritis at a dosage range of between 25 and 44 mg/kg per day cinchophen and between 0–125 and 0–220 mg/kg per day prednisolone for a maximum of 14 days significantly improved lameness (P<0–001), weight bearing (P<0–005), joint mobility (P<0–01) and stiffness (P<0–001) scores and was similar in clinical efficacy to phenylbutazone.
Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy in the dog: long term survival in 100 cases
Authors: White R. A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMandibulectomy or maxillectomy was performed in dogs for the removal of 100 bone‐involved oral tumours of varying histological type. These techniques provided excellent results when used for the excision of carcinomas achieving one year survival rates for basal cell carcinomas (acanthomatous epulides) and squamous cell carcinomas of 100 and 84 per cent, respectively. Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy were, therefore, considered to achieve good wide local excision and to be the techniques of choice for the management of oral carcinomas. Prognoses for sarcomas were, however, considerably poorer. There was a high incidence of local recurrence (32 per cent) and distant metastasis (27 per cent) and one year survival rates for fibrosarcomas, osteosarcomas and malignant melanomas were 50, 42 and 0 per cent, respectively. Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy were not considered to achieve radical local excisional margins in all cases and were inadequate as the sole form of treatment for sarcomas of the oral cavity. Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy may be useful, however, as part of a combined modality approach to oral sarcomas or may be justified as the sole therapy where adjuvant modalities are not available.
Occurrence and management of obesity in companion animals
Authors: Crane S.W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTObesity is the most common malnutrition of pet animals. Risk factors include the pet's age, gender, activity level, owner attitudes toward obesity, and alterations in intrinsic and extrinsic controls of feeding behaviour and differences in resting metabolic rate. The power of clinical nutrition in veterinary practice can be expressed through careful client and pet evaluation and by dispensing proper advice on diet selection and feeding quantity. A weight management programme should be conducted under the direction of the professional veterinarian using scientifically formulated weight reduction diets and a programme of exercise deemed medically appropriate.
Osteochondrodysplasia in bull terrier littermates
Authors: Watson A. D. J. , Miller A. C. , Allan G. S. , Davis P. E. , Hewlett C. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA four‐month‐old male bull terrier with an abnormal hindquarter gait was found to have changes suggesting nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, together with unusual large foci of non‐ossified material in both femoral necks and similar smaller foci in metaphyses of several long bones. Abnormal cartilage was found in the one femoral neck examined at autopsy six weeks later, with features suggesting impaired vascular remodelling of cartilage due to failure of chondrocyte maturation. Similar clinical and radiographic abnormalities were found in three littermates (one male, two females), but not the dam. The status of six other littermates and the sire is unknown. The femoral neck lesions had healed in two pups re‐examined eight months later, but some limb bones remained abnormal in shape. The abnormalities in affected pups suggested osteochondrodysplasia.
Delayed physeal closure associated with castration in cats
Authors: May C. , Bennett D. , Downham D. Y. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTRadiographs of 152 cats under four years of age were examined for evidence of physeal closure. Radiographic closure was compared between entire male, castrated male, and female (neutered and entire] cats. Physeal closure in castrated males was delayed when compared to that of entire males.
Rational use of shampoos in veterinary dermatology
Authors: Halliwell R. E. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTShampoo therapy has much to offer the clinician. It is important to remember the basic principles and the constituents of the products in use. Dramatic effects will not be the rule, but the rational use of these products can be of enormous benefit in a very wide range of dermatological disorders.
Static respiratory compliance in normal dogs
Authors: Corcoran B. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTStatic respiratory compliance was measured in a series of normal dogs. The values (mean SEM) for total compliance (n = 42), pulmonary compliance (n = 42) and chest wall compliance (n = 93) were 61 (3–8), 82 (4–7) and 94 (3‐3) ml/ cmH20, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between bodyweight and chest wall circumference and all divisions of compliance (r 0–55) and a slight negative correlation (r = ‐0–39) between age and chest wall compliance. There was a significant difference between compliance values for narrow chested dogs and broad chested dogs (P < 0–01). Of the four most frequently encountered breeds in this study (border collie, German shepherd, labrador retriever and rottweiler) the German shepherd dog had the strongest correlation between bodysize and compliance while the rottweiler, in general, showed a negative correlation. When corrected for body‐weight the border collie had the highest compliance values and the rottweiler had the lowest. It was concluded from this study that compliance values for specific breeds cannot be extrapolated from the general population data and must be determined on an individual breed basis.
Arthrosis in the elbow joint of young rapidly growing dogs: a genetic investigation
Authors: Grandalen J. , Lingaas F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn cooperation with breed clubs and practising veterinarians throughout Norway, the elbow joints of rottweilers, Bernese mountain dogs and Newfoundlands were screened for osteophyte formation/arthrosis, indicating primary elbow lesions. The changes were graded 0 to 3 and the results subjected to statistical analysis regarding frequencies, frequencies relative to sex, relative risks, differences between offspring groups and heritability. The number of dogs examined were: rottweilers, 1423, Bernese mountain dogs, 414 and Newfoundlands, 209. The frequency of elbow arthrosis varied from 30 to 50 per cent, males being more often and more severely affected than females. The relative risk of developing arthrosis among offspring of affected animals compared to offspring of non‐affected animals, was 1–6. Heritability varied from 10‐4 per cent to 47‐8 per cent, depending on the method used. Based on these results, it is concluded that elbow screening programmes should be carried out in breeds disposed to elbow lesions. Breeding animals should be selected on the basis of the elbow status of parents and other relatives, if possible.
Gastric carcinoma in the Belgian shepherd dog
Authors: Scanziani E. , Giusti A. M. , Gualtieri M. , Fonda D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSeven cases of gastric carcinoma in Belgian shepherd dogs were histologically diagnosed at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Milan, in addition to the eight cases reported in 1989. In all 15 cases the lesser curvature was invaded by the tumour. Histologically, six neoplasms were signet ring cell carcinoma, five were undifferentiated carcinoma, two were mucinous adenocarcinoma and one was a tubular adenocarcinoma; one case showed different histological features (tubular and papillar adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell and undifferentiated carcinoma) none of which prevailed. The Grimelius stain showed the presence of few ente‐rochromaffin cells scattered in the tumoral tissue in four cases. The examination of the pedigree of eight Belgian shepherd dogs with gastric carcinoma demonstrates that all these animals were related, suggesting a genetic mechanism in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Radiological assessment of 50 cases of incisive or maxillary neoplasia in the dog
Authors: Frew D. G. , Dobson J. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the radiological features of 50 canine incisive or maxillary tumours and discusses the value of radiological assessment in the diagnosis and staging of these tumours. The 50 tumours examined included 21 sarcomas, 15 carcinomas, three melanomas and an assortment of benign tumours of the oral cavity. There was not any site specificity for the different histological tumour types within the upper dental arcade, although fibrosarcomas had a tendency to be maxillary whereas the squamous cell carcinomas were equally distributed between the incisive and maxillary regions. Seventy‐eight per cent of fibrosarcomas, 82 per cent of squamous cell carcinoma and all three melanomas examined showed radiological evidence of bone involvement. Radiographic changes were also seen in the benign tumours. The pattern of growth of tumours correlated with the radiological changes observed. Malignant tumours showed a tendency to irregular or aggressive bone loss whereas bone production predominated in the benign tumours.
A complication arising after surgical correction of short radius syndrome
Authors: Guthrie S. , Pead M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA nine‐month‐old, male whippet underwent corrective surgery for ‘short radius syndrome’ which had resulted in elbow subluxation. This consisted of a radial osteotomy and placement of K‐wires, connected by elastic bands, in the ulna and radius. The implants were removed two weeks later as the elbow subluxation had reduced. However, the correct anatomy was not maintained and the radial head migrated distally. K‐wires were reinserted and when the subluxation had reduced, a screw was placed through the ulna into the proximal radius. Recovery was uneventful and at follow‐up limb function had improved.
Presumptive trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole associated thrombocytopenia and anaemia in a dog
Authors: McEwan N. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA two‐year‐old Scottish terrier was referred for investigation of a chronic skin problem. A diagnosis of generalised demodectic mange with a deep pyoderma was made and treatment commenced with trimethoprirn‐sulphamethoxazole and amitraz washes. On the sixth week of treatment the owner reported that the dog had developed haematuria. Investigations revealed that the dog was thrombocytopenic and anaemic. Antimicrobial treatment was stopped and the platelet count returned to normal over a three week period. A diagnosis of trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxazole associated thrombocytopenia was made.
Canine myasthenia gravis
Authors: Hopkins A. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDecreased acetylcholine receptor content of the neuromuscular junction underlies the muscular weakness seen in both acquired and congenital myasthenia gravis. Immune mediated mechanisms account for the acquired defect while decreased membrane insertion of receptor leads to the congenital disorder. The congenital form typically presents in the first few weeks of life with generalised episodic weakness as the predominant sign. Although treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors may help temporarily, the prognosis is poor. Acquired myasthenia gravis can occur between eight months and 13 years of age and may present as megaoesophagus alone or as exercise‐related weakness in conjunction with megaoesophagus. Although treatment of the immune mediated form is often successful and spontaneous remissions also occur, aspiration pneumonia secondary to megaoesophagus remains a major cause of mortality in affected dogs. Resolution of megaoesophagus must therefore be a major goal for future treatment regimes. The remarkable similarity between canine and human acquired myasthenia gravis suggests that the canine thymus gland warrants greater attention pathologically and perhaps therapeutically considering the value of thymectomy in human patients.
Neurological diseases of rottweilers: Neuroaxonal dystrophy and leukoenceph‐ alomalacia
Authors: Chrisman C. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNeuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) and leukoencephalomalacia (LEM) are two neurological disorders of the rottweiler that initially present as ataxia of all four limbs. Disorders to be included in the differential diagnosis are caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy, canine distemper virus meningoencephalomyelitis, other nervous system infections or inflammations and spinal cord neoplasia. All diagnostic tests including myelography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electrodiagnos‐tic testing and serum and cerebrospinal fluid titres for canine distemper virus are normal in NAD and LEM. There is no treatment for either disease and neurological signs progressively deteriorate. Eventually neurological deficits develop besides ataxia and these help differentiate NAD from LEM. Dogs with NAD develop head tremors and nystagmus while dogs with LEM develop conscious proprioceptive deficits and quadriparesis; the short term prognosis for NAD is better than LEM. Most dogs with LEM are euthanased because of non‐ambulatory tetraparesis within one year.The histopathological lesions associated with NAD include axonal spheroids in many spinal cord and caudal brainstem nuclei and reduced numbers of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, while in LEM, multifocal areas of demyelination and malacia of the spinal cord and brainstem are the primary histopathological lesions. Both NAD and LEM are suspected to have an autosomal recessive genetic transmission.
Diagnosis of insulinoma in the dog: A study of 11 cases
Authors: Dunn J. K. , Heath M. F. , Herrtage M. E. , Jackson K. F. , Walker M. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe use of an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) is described in 11 confirmed cases of insulinoma. Basal plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations, glucose half‐life (t.J and fractional clearance rate (k‐value) were determined in the affected animals and seven healthy dogs. A fasting plasma glucose concentration of 3 mmol/litre or less with a coexisting serum insulin concentration greater than 20 mU/litre, and an insulin:glucose ratio (IGR) greater than 4‐2 U/mol were considered to be diagnostic for insulinoma. Although there was a narrow area of overlap in the U2and k‐values between normal and affected animals, a t.,2of less than 20 minutes with a k‐value of more than 3 per cent/minute were also highly suggestive of insulinoma. The insulinogenic index (δI/δG) was too variable to be of diagnostic significance. Contrary to previous reports, it appears that insulin‐secreting tumours retain a degree of responsiveness to a glucose challenge and that the IVGTT, using a dose of 0–5 g glucose/kg bodyweight, is a useful diagnostic procedure in dogs with insulinoma.
Tolerance and pharmacokinetics of cephalexin in cats after oral administration
Authors: Kietzmann M. , Nolte I. , Strothmann‐Luerssen A. , Grünau B. , Schärer V. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe tolerance of cephalexin in 10 cats was studied after oral administration of coated tablets (Cefaseptin; Chassot and Cie AG). Over a period of 21 days, the drug was administered twice daily at doses of 25, 30, 50 and 75 mg/kg body‐weight. While the first three dose rates were well tolerated clinically, the highest dose was not. After seven days of treatment, signs of intolerance were salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Biochemical and haematological parameters (determined in blood, plasma and urine) were not altered. Plasma and skin concentrations of cephalexin were measured after oral treatment of cats with 25 and 50 mg cephalexin/kg body‐weight. After treatment with 25 mg/kg body‐weight, a mean elimination plasma half‐life of 1–7 hours was calculated. The cephalexin concentration measured in the skin after two hours ranged from 8 to 22 per cent of the plasma level, so it is questionable if sufficiently high skin concentrations for efficacy are achieved with doses of 25 mg/kg body weight.
Plasma electrolyte concentrations in dogs receiving diuretic therapy for cardiac failure
Authors: Cobb M. , Michell A. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTreatment of clinical cases of heart failure in dogs, using frusemide, was associated with statistically significant reductions in plasma concentrations of potassium, magnesium, sodium and chloride, compared with healthy controls and untreated dogs with dysrhythmias. The reductions in sodium and chloride seem too slight to be clinically significant but those in magnesium and potassium could potentially have harmful effects, including the induction of cardiac dysrhythmias. Indeed, diuretic‐treated dogs with ventricular ectopic beats in their electrocardiograms had significantly lower plasma potassium concentrations than other dogs undergoing diuretic treatment. As potassium and magnesium are predominantly intracellular cations, the falls in plasma concentration may well be associated with substantial deficits within cells, including those of the myocardium.