bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cationic Metal–Corrole Complexes: Design, Synthesis, and Properties of Guanine‐Quadruplex Stabilizers
Authors: Fu Boqiao , Zhang Dan , Weng Xiaocheng , Zhang Ming , Ma Heng , Ma Yuzhi , Zhou Xiang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA series of pyridinium and quaternary ammonium copper corroles has been designed and synthesized. All new compounds have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectrscopy, and elemental analysis. Biochemical studies have indicated that all of these corrole derivatives can stabilize G‐quadruplex structures, with corrole 4 being the most effective according to the results of circular dichroism (CD) melting experiments, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) stop assays, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. Moreover, both corroles 3 and 4 tend to induce the human telomeric sequence to form hybrid G‐quadruplex structures, whereas corroles 8 and 9 are more inclined to induce the human telomeric sequence to form antiparallel G‐quadruplex structures.
Cyclophane‐Type Imidazolium Salts with Planar Chirality as a New Class of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors
Authors: Matsuoka Yuki , Ishida Yasuhiro , Sasaki Daisuke , Saigo Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCyclophane‐type imidazolium salts with planar chirality were synthesized from enantiopure 2‐amino alcohols, of which the N(1) and N(3) positions were connected with a bridge. The structural profiles of the imidazolium salts and their derivative N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were investigated by means of several analyses. The chiral NHCs derived from these imidazolium salts were found to catalyze the asymmetric cross‐annulation of an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde with a ketone by means of the “conjugated” umpolung of the enal to give the target γ‐lactone with good to excellent enantioselectivity (up to 94 % ee). Based on the expected structure of the NHCs and their intermediates, together with the absolute configuration of the products, a plausible mechanism for the stereocontrol was proposed.
Predicting Reactivity and Stereoselectivity in the Nazarov Reaction: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Cavalli Andrea , Pacetti Alessandro , Recanatini Maurizio , Prandi Cristina , Scarpi Dina , Occhiato Ernesto G. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Nazarov reaction of pentadienyl cations generated by protonation of either dienones or alkoxytrienes has been examined in detail both experimentally and by DFT calculations. In particular, calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311G** level of theory accurately predicted, and accounted for, the outcome of the Brønsted acid catalyzed electrocyclization of 4π‐electron systems in which one of the double bonds involved in the process was embedded in N‐ and S‐heterocyclic rings. Calculations showed that both heteroatoms are capable of accelerating the ring closure by stabilizing the partial positive charge which develops at C‐6 (C‐2) in the transition state, with S‐heterocyclic derivatives being more reactive than the corresponding N‐containing compounds. In general, pentadienyl cations generated by protonation of alkoxytrienes were expected to react faster than those obtained by protonation of the corresponding dienones, as the latter were stabilized by a hydrogen bond. The presence of a substituent on the heterocyclic ring significantly affects the stereoselectivity (torquoselectivity) only in the case of the N‐heterocyclic derivatives, in which a 2‐alkyl group is axially oriented, providing the cis‐2,5‐disubstituted isomer only. Instead, with substituted S‐heterocyclic compounds, the anticipated torquoselectivity was very low and, in fact, a 3:1 diastereomeric mixture between the trans and cis products was experimentally found after ring closure. For this study, the synthesis of the appropriate N‐ and S‐containing dienones and alkoxytrienes was realized to evaluate the predictivity power of the DFT computations, which was very good in all of the cases examined, both in terms of reactivity and stereoselectivity. The consistency observed between computational and experimental results, therefore, shows the usefulness of DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311G** level of theory as a robust instrument for the prediction of reactivity and stereoselectivity in the Nazarov electrocyclic reaction.
Special Issue Editorial Introduction: Grids and Geospatial Information Systems
Authors: Pierce Marlon E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGrids and Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) are both based on distributed service architectures and have complementary capabilities. GIS systems provide a comprehensive set of services for managing maps, geospatial data sets, and geospatial information that can be applied to areas ranging from access to scientific data by researchers to disaster planning and emergency management. The data and information focus of GIS are being augmented with the computational and virtual organization capabilities of Grid computing by many projects, including the ones by the contributors to this special issue. This editorial introduction serves as an overview of the issues discussed at the GIS‐Grid Workshop in the Open Grid Forum and the follow‐on papers of this special issue. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Caenorhabditis elegans DDX‐23, a homolog of yeast splicing factor PRP28, is required for the sperm‐oocyte switch and differentiation of various cell types
Authors: Konishi Takafumi , Uodome Nobuko , Sugimoto Asako 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDEAD/H‐box proteins are involved in various aspects of RNA metabolism. Here we report the developmental function of a DEAD‐box protein, DDX‐23, in Caenorhabditis elegans, which has significant homology with the yeast splicing factor PRP28. We found by RNAi and mutant analyses that DDX‐23 is essential for both embryonic and post‐embryonic development, and required for differentiation of the majority of somatic tissues. When the germline function of ddx‐23 was inhibited, hermaphrodite animals showed a reduced number of germ cells and failed to switch from spermatogenesis to oogenesis. These phenotypes were similar to those of the mutants of the three DEAH‐box proteins (MOG‐1, MOG‐4, and MOG‐5) whose yeast orthologs are involved in the pre‐mRNA splicing pathway. We speculate that DDX‐23 functions with the three MOG proteins in the same pathway to regulate tissue differentiation, robust germline proliferation, and the sperm/oocyte switch through modulations of ribonucleoprotein complexes. Developmental Dynamics 237:2367–2377, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of protocadherin‐1 (Pcdh1) during mouse development
Authors: Redies Christoph , Heyder Jessica , Kohoutek Tomáš , Staes Katrien , Van Roy Frans 
Published: August 2008

AbstractProtocadherin‐1 (Pcdh1) is a member of the δ‐protocadherin subgroup of non‐clustered protocadherins. We studied the expression of Pcdh1 from the early embryonic to the adult stage of mouse development by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization. Pcdh1 can be detected as early as embryonic day 9.5. In early embryogenesis, expression is especially prominent in blood vessels. During later development and in the adult mouse, organs derived from the embryonic gut, such as the esophagus, intestines, liver, lung, and submandibular gland, contain epithelia and other types of tissues that are Pcdh1‐positive. Other positive organs include the brain, spinal cord, retina, peripheral ganglia, the inner ear, hair follicles, kidney, vagina, uterus, placenta, testis, prostate, and the seminal gland. The tight spatial and temporal regulation of Pcdh1 expression suggests that this protocadherin plays multiple roles not only during development but also in mature tissues and organs in the mouse. Developmental Dynamics 237:2496–2505, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syndactyly and preaxial synpolydactyly in the single Sfrp2 deleted mutant mice
Authors: Ikegawa Masaya , Han Hua , Okamoto Akihiko , Matsui Ryosuke , Tanaka Masami , Omi Natsue , Miyamae Mahito , Toguchida Junya , Tashiro Kei 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSecreted Frizzled‐related protein 2 (Sfrp2) or Stromal Cell Derived Factor‐5 (SDF‐5) is highly expressed in the developing limbs. Here we showed the single Sfrp2 inactivation in mice resulted in syndactyly and preaxial synpolydactyly, predominantly in the hindlimbs. Tails were often kinked. A penetrance of the syndactyly was highest in 129/SvJ or CBA/N × 129/SvJ background and the phenotype was haploinsufficient. Preaxial synpolydactyly was seen in homozygous mutants in C57BL/6 × 129/SvJ. Of note, syndactyly showed retarded apoptosis of the second and the third interdigital spaces; concomitantly, mesodermal Msx2 expression was down‐regulated. Impaired digital anlagen maturation was also noticeable in the same position. Preaxial synpolydactyly of the Sfrp2 mutants was a non‐mirror image type and Shh independent. Although joint formation was not disrupted, chondrocyte maturation was preaxially disturbed. Our results suggest that the Sfrp2 deleted mice can be a useful animal model to study human syndactyly/preaxial synpolydactyly defects. Developmental Dynamics 237:2506–2517, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical development in the presenilin‐1 null mutant mouse fails after splitting of the preplate and is not due to a failure of reelin‐dependent signaling
Authors: De Gasperi Rita , Gama Sosa Miguel A. , Wen Paul H. , Li Jingjun , Perez Gissel M. , Curran Tom , Elder Gregory A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCortical development is disrupted in presenilin‐1 null mutant (Psen1−/−) mice. Prior studies have commented on similarities between Psen1−/− and reeler mice. Reelin induces phosphorylation of Dab1 and activates the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Psen1 is known to modulate PI3K/Akt signaling and both known reelin receptors (apoER2 and VLDLR) are substrates for Psen1 associated γ‐secretase activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether reelin signaling is disrupted in Psen1−/− mice. We show that, while Dab1 is hypophosphorylated late in cortical development in Psen1−/− mice, it is normally phosphorylated at earlier ages and reelin signaling is intact in Psen1−/− primary neuronal cultures. γ‐secretase activity was also not required for reelin‐induced phosphorylation of Dab1. Unlike reeler mice the preplate splits in Psen1−/− brain. Thus cortical development in Psen1−/− mice fails only after splitting of the preplate and is not due to an intrinsic failure of reelin signaling. Developmental Dynamics 237:2405–2414, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of microRNAs in mouse preimplantation embryos by microarray
Authors: Yang Yanhong , Bai Wentao , Zhang Liang , Yin Guowu , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Jun , Zhao Hongxi , Han Yibing , Yao Yuan‐Qing 
Published: August 2008

AbstractExpression profile of microRNA (miRNA) in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos has been revealed by a novel high throughput microarray assay. A total of 97 (43 “new” and 54 known) including mouse, human, and predicted miRNAs have been discovered in the preimplantation mouse embryos which can be classified into developmental stage‐dependent groups and non–stage‐dependent group according to the statistical analysis of the expression patterns. Potential gene targets of each group of miRNAs are estimated by TargetsScan system and significantly changed signaling pathways and biological processes underlying these gene targets are searched by PANTHER classification system between the stage‐dependent miRNAs and the non–stage‐dependent miRNAs. Expression of some miRNAs is confirmed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. It is shown that dynamic synthesis and degradation of miRNAs coexists in the preimplantation development of mouse embryos. However, the overall quantity of miRNAs and percentage of the stage‐dependent miRNAs increase as the preimplantation embryos develop. Developmental Dynamics 237:2315–2327, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A peek inside the neurosecretory brain through Orthopedia lenses
Authors: Del Giacco Luca , Pistocchi Anna , Cotelli Franco , Fortunato Antonio Emidio , Sordino Paolo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe wealth of expression and functional data presented in this overview discloses the homeogene Orthopedia (Otp) as critical for the development of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system of vertebrates. Specifically, the results depict the up‐to‐date portrait of the regulation and functions of Otp. The development of neuroendocrine nuclei relies on Otp from fish to mammals, as demonstrated for several peptide and hormone releasing neurons. Additionally, the activity of Otp is essential for the induction of the dopaminergic phenotype in the hypothalamus of vertebrates. Recent insights into the pathways required for Otp regulation have revealed the implication of the main extracellular signals acting during hypothalamic development. Alterations in these pathways are involved in several neuronal disorders, and the resultant downstream misregulation of Otp might impair the development of the hypothalamus, and be therefore responsible for the neuroendocrine dysfunctions that typify these diseases. Developmental Dynamics 237:2295–2303, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
G2R Cre reporter transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Yoshikawa Shunichi , Kawakami Koichi , Zhao Xinping C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Cre/loxP site‐specific recombination system has been widely used to manipulate DNA in vivo and to study gene function in the mouse by inducible transgenic and conditional gene targeting. To fully use this powerful genetic tool in a relatively new animal model, zebrafish, we generated reporter transgenic lines for easy detection of Cre recombinase activity in vivo. The transgenic fish lines, designated G2R, express two fluorescent protein genes, GFP and RFP, under the control of the ubiquitous promoter of the Xenopus EF1 alpha gene. The G2R animals change their color from green to red (G2R) after Cre‐mediated recombination and are useful for development of cell type specific Cre transgenic lines and for cell lineage and fate mapping studies in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 237:2460–2465, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SSAO/VAP‐1 protein expression during mouse embryonic development
Authors: Valente Tony , Solé Montse , Unzeta Mercedes 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSSAO/VAP‐1 is a multifunctional enzyme depending on in which tissue it is expressed. SSAO/VAP‐1 is present in almost all adult mammalian tissues, especially in highly vascularised ones and in adipocytes. SSAO/VAP‐1 is an amine oxidase able to metabolise various endogenous or exogenous primary amines. Its catalytic activity can lead to cellular oxidative stress, which has been implicated in several pathologies (atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease). The aim of this work is to achieve a study of SSAO/VAP‐1 protein expression during mouse embryogenesis. Our results show that SSAO/VAP‐1 appears early in the development of the vascular system, adipose tissue, and smooth muscle cells. Moreover, its expression is strong in several epithelia of the sensory organs, as well as in the development of cartilage sites. Altogether, this suggests that SSAO/VAP‐1 enzyme could be involved in the differentiation processes that take place during embryonic development, concretely in tissue vascularisation. Developmental Dynamics 237:2585–2593, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal glomerulogenesis in medaka fish, Oryzias latipes
Authors: Fedorova Svetlana , Miyamoto Rieko , Harada Tomohiro , Isogai Sumio , Hashimoto Hisashi , Ozato Kenjiro , Wakamatsu Yuko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe provide an overview of glomerulogenesis in medaka from the embryo to the adult by means of in situ hybridization with the wt1 gene as a marker as well as histology and three‐dimensional images. The pronephric glomus starts to develop in the intermediate mesoderm during early somitogenesis, is completed before hatching, and persists throughout the lifetime of the fish. Within 5 days after hatching, mesonephric glomerulus formation begins in the caudomedial end of the pronephric sinus and duct area. The number of glomeruli reaches approximately 200–300 in each kidney within 2 months after hatching. wt1 expression during nephron maturation served as a marker for the formation of the mesenchymal condensate and the nephrogenic body. Existence of mesenchymal condensates and persistence of wt1 expression in the adult kidney suggest that the mesonephros retains precursor cells that may be capable of contributing to neoglomerulogenesis during adulthood. Developmental Dynamics 237:2342–2352, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancer detection and developmental expression of zebrafish sprouty1, a member of the fgf8 synexpression group
Authors: Komisarczuk Anna Z. , Topp Stefanie , Stigloher Christian , Kapsimali Marika , Bally‐Cuif Laure , Becker Thomas S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSignaling pathways mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are under positive and negative regulation, and misregulation of RTK signaling results in developmental defects and malignancy. A major class of antagonists of Fgf and Egf signaling are the Sprouty proteins. Through an enhancer detection approach, we isolated the sprouty1 (spry1) gene, expressed in multiple developing organs during embryogenesis. We analyzed expression of spry1 between tail bud stage and 10 days postfertilization. From the tail bud stage on, transcript and reporter are detected in the craniofacial region and in the mid–hindbrain boundary, where expression persists until adulthood. Further expression domains are the telencephalon, hindbrain, dorsal diencephalon and epiphysis, branchial arches, pituitary, and the tubular gill epithelium. In the trunk spry1 is also prominently expressed in pronephros, the lateral line and tail fin. Sprouty1 acts in Fgf signaling downstream of Fgfr1, as its expression is abrogated through the small molecule inhibitor of this receptor, SU5402. Developmental Dynamics 237:2594–2603, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Ars insulator facilitates I‐SceI meganuclease‐mediated transgenesis in the sea urchin embryo
Authors: Ochiai Hiroshi , Sakamoto Naoaki , Suzuki Kenichi , Akasaka Koji , Yamamoto Takashi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFor the efficient generation of transgenic sea urchins, we have adopted an I‐SceI meganuclease‐mediated transgenesis method. Several types of promoter‐GFP gene constructs flanked by two I‐SceI recognition sequences were co‐injected with I‐SceI into sea urchin fertilized eggs. Using cell‐lineage–specific promoter constructs, the frequency of transgene expression was elevated, and their level of mozaicism was reduced. The addition of the Ars insulator sequence, which is known to block the enhancer activity and protect transgenes from position effects, led to a reduction in ectopic transgene expression and an elevation of transgene expression frequency in this I‐SceI–mediated system. However, the magnitude of the effects of the Ars insulator was dependent upon the promoter constructs. QPCR analysis also showed that the Ars insulator increases the transgene copy number. These results suggest that the I‐SceI–mediated method using the Ars insulator is advantageous for transgenesis in the sea urchin embryo. Developmental Dynamics 237:2475–2482, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corneal epithelial nuclear ferritin: Developmental regulation of ferritin and its nuclear transporter ferritoid
Authors: Beazley Kelly E. , Nurminskaya Maria , Talbot Christopher J. , Linsenmayer Thomas F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe corneal epithelium is exposed to reactive oxygen species that are potentially deleterious to nuclear DNA. However, our previous studies show that corneal epithelial cells have a novel, developmentally regulated mechanism for protection from such damage that involves having the iron‐sequestering molecule, ferritin, in the nucleus. Nuclear localization of ferritin is achieved through the action of a tissue‐specific nuclear transporter, ferritoid, which is itself a ferritin family member. Here, we show that during development ferritoid appears before ferritin. At this time, ferritoid is cytoplasmic, suggesting that its nuclear transport function requires an interaction with ferritin. To examine the developmental regulation of these two interacting components, cultured corneas were treated with the iron chelator deferoxamine. The results show that, while iron‐mediated translational regulation is involved in the synthesis of both molecules, ferritoid is also transcriptionally regulated, demonstrating that these family members—whose functions depend upon one another—are regulated differently. Developmental Dynamics 237:2529–2541, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discovery and characterization of three novel synuclein genes in zebrafish
Authors: Sun Zhihui , Gilter Aaron D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWhole mount in situ hybridization demonstrates expression patterns of zebrafish synuclein genes at various developmental stages. See Sun and Gitler, Developmental Dynamics 237:2494–2499, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of electric field induced by ELF magnetic field utilizing fast‐multipole surface‐charge simulation method for voxel data
Authors: Hamada Shoji , Kobayashi Tetsuo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a fast‐multipole surface‐charge‐simulation method for calculating three‐dimensional Laplacian fields in voxel models. This method treats a surface of a voxel that has different inside and outside conductivities as a surface element of the indirect BEM (boundary element method). The main features of the proposed method are as follows. (1) An O(D2) performance in the memory capacity and operation cost is provided by applying the diagonal form fast multipole method (FMM), when the number of voxels is about D3. (2) The boundary matching is imposed by the continuity of the total flux passing through each element, which guarantees the solution globally satisfying Gauss's law; therefore the solution is globally stabilized.This method is successfully applied to calculate the electric field induced by an applied homogeneous ELF (extremely low frequency) magnetic field in a human head model that has 1 mm ×1 mm 1 mm voxel size. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 1–10, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20529
Reduction of return current noise by energy‐compensating active control
Authors: Azuma Satoshi , Yamasaki Hisanori , Itoh Daisuke , Maruyama Takafumi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA newly proposed energy‐compensating active control is implemented to reduce the return current noise which is caused by inverter‐driven electric car systems. The energy‐compensating active control detects the energy charged at the filter capacitor, and reduces the energy and current of the noise frequency component by simple feedback loop incorporated with the conventional motor torque controller. No additional sensors or circuit arrangements are necessary; therefore, the return current can be attenuated effectively without any further cost. The return current with an inverter system is measured using a current probe and an FFT analyzer, and it is shown that the 25‐Hz noise current is reduced by up to 10 dB with the control. The results reveal that the low‐frequency return current noise can be attenuated with the simple control scheme, which would expectedly reduce the size of filter reactors and capacitors to meet the current limit level of the signaling system's track relays. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 84–91, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20615