bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple method for monitoring the cysteine content in synthetic peptides
Authors: Horváti Kata , Bõsze Szilvia , Hudecz Ferenc , Medzihradszky‐Schweiger Hedvig 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new method for the determination of the cysteine content of synthetic peptides is described. For this purpose the classical amino acid analysis is not suitable, as cysteine may undergo oxidative dimerisation to cystine during the hydrolysis or evaporation. The intact peptide was reacted with N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM) yielding a stable S‐(N‐ethylsuccinimido)‐cysteine derivative, which could be separated by RP‐HPLC and characterised by mass spectrometry. For the quantitative determination less than 0.1 µM peptide was sufficient. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes grown on m ‐plane and a ‐plane bulk GaN substrates
Authors: Yamada Hisashi , Iso Kenji , Saito Makoto , Hirasawa Hirohiko , Fellows Natalie , Masui Hisashi , Fujito Kenji , Speck James S. , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInGaN/GaN‐based light emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on m ‐plane, a ‐plane and off‐axis between m ‐ and a ‐plane GaN bulk substrates were investigated. A smooth surface was obtained when a ‐plane substrate was applied; however, large amounts of defects were observed. Photoluminescence measurements of the LEDs with a well thickness of 2.5 nm revealed that all the LEDs showed the peak emission wavelength at 389 nm. The PL intensity of the a ‐plane LED is one order of magnitude lower than that of the m ‐plane LED. The a ‐plane LEDs showed significant lower electroluminescence output powers than m ‐plane LEDs, suggesting that excitons are trapped by the defects, which act as non‐radiative recombination centers. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differentiation of heterocyclic regioisomers: a combined tandem mass spectrometry and computational study of N‐acridin‐4‐ylbenzylamide and N‐acridin‐2‐yl‐benzylamide
Authors: Tintaru Aura , Benchabane Yohann , Boyer Gérard , Humbel Stéphane , Charles Laurence 
Published: February 2008

AbstractElectrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been used to differentiate two positional isomers of acridine derivatives, N‐acridin‐4‐ylbenzylamide and N‐acridin‐2‐ylbenzylamide. The study revealed that the isomeric ion structures produced by these heterocycles could be distinguished upon collision‐induced dissociations (CID). In particular, the loss of a water molecule was shown to be a regiospecific reaction of the protonated N‐acridin‐4‐ylbenzylamide, in which the location of the benzylamide substituent with respect to the acridinic nitrogen greatly assists proton migration by allowing the creation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. To a lesser extent, the two isomers could also be distinguished by the difference in the abundance of the benzoyl cation in the MS/MS spectra of the [M+H]+ ions, as this ion is produced with a much higher rate from N‐acridin‐4‐ylbenzylamide. Calculations based on quantum‐mechanical models have been performed to evaluate the stability of the ion structures and to support mechanisms proposed for these two dissociation reactions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complexation of diazaperylene and bisisoquinoline with transition metal ions in the gas phase studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Starke Ines , Kammer Stefan , Grunwald Nicolas , Schilde Uwe , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen , Kleinpeter Erich 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe complex formation of the ligands 1,12‐diazaperylene (dap), 1,1′‐bisisoquinoline (bis), 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) with transition metal ions (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Os, Re, Pd, Pt, Ag and Cd) in the gas phase has been studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. With the exception of Ru, Os, Fe, Ni and Cu, singly charged complexes [MLn]+ (n = 1,2) were observed. The complexes of dap and bis with Ru, Os, Fe and Ni ions, and the mixed ligand complexes with bpy and phen, are preferably of the doubly charged type [ML3]2+. In addition, collision‐induced dissociation (CID) measurements were employed to evaluate the relative stabilities of these complexes. The CID experiments of mixed‐ligand complexes which contain both dap and phen or dap and bpy exhibit preferential elimination of bpy, indicating that bpy is a weaker ligand than phen and dap. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of alloy composition on the selective oxidation of ternary FeSiCr, FeMnCr model alloys
Authors: Swaminathan Srinivasan , Spiegel Michael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn order to understand the effect of Si and Mn concentration on the selective oxidation of Cr, the model alloys of Fe–1% Si–0.8% Cr, Fe–2% Si–0.8% Cr, Fe–1% Mn–0.8% Cr and Fe–2% Mn–0.8% Cr (all in wt%) were studied. The specimens were annealed at 820 °C in N2–5%H2 gas atmospheres with the different dew points (DPs) of − 80, − 40 and − 29 °C, respectively. Surface analyses were carried out by using the XPS and field emission (FE)‐SEM. Only binary oxides of the alloying elements were observed on the surface of all the ternary model alloys annealed at a low DP of − 80 °C. Increasing the DP to − 40 °C leads to maximum external oxidation of the alloying elements. In the Fe–1% Si–0.8% Cr alloy, annealing at the higher DP of − 29 °C promotes internal oxidation of Cr. On the other hand, increasing the Si concentration in the FeCr alloy (i.e. Fe–2% Si–0.8% Cr), the maximum external oxidation of Cr was observed due to the decrease of surface oxygen potential by Si. Moreover, the oxidation kinetics seems to play a decisive role, i.e. the oxygen competition between Si and Cr leads to partial oxidation of these elements. In both FeMnCr alloys, the effect of Mn concentration on the selective oxidation of Cr is indistinguishable, however, apart from their binary oxides (MnO/Mn3O4, Cr2O3), the MnCr chemical interaction causes the formation of ternary oxide (MnCr2O4) at the DP of − 40 and − 29 °C. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emulating Access Grid features at Web endpoints: a developer's view
Authors: Sendín‐Raña Pablo , Otero‐Alonso Nicolás , Goyanes de Miguel Vicente , González‐Castaño Francisco J. , Rodríguez‐Hernández Pedro S. , Gil‐Castiñeira Felipe , Costa‐Montenegro Enrique 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the development experience and the evaluation of a system to emulate interactive features of Access Grid virtual rooms (venues) at Web endpoints. The system includes a toolset to demultiplex Access Grid sources, transcode them to adequate formats for Internet distribution and store the resulting multimedia streams in repositories in real time. A specialized server asynchronously delivers those streams to standard Web browsers, which synchronize them and emulate typical Access Grid interactive features such as multiple windows or dynamic video selection. Web browsers can compose multiple independent streams. We call the resulting paradigm Presentations on Demand. From the point of view of software practice, the system relies on a combination of SMIL scripts, CSS and Javascript. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From spontaneous play and hanging out to out‐of‐school time programming: An American perspective
Authors: VanderVen Karen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo‐parent working families, safety factors, shifts in gender roles, and many other factors have led to rapid development of out‐of‐school‐time programming to provide youngsters with the kinds of experiences they might have historically received at home and in the neighborhood. This article elaborates on key issues in quality, the quality of relationships with both peers and staff, opportunity for youth voice, and the activities provided.
Evaluating Peptide Mass Fingerprinting-Based Protein Identification
Authors: Damodaran Senthilkumar , Wood Troy D. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Rabin Richard A. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Identification of proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential step in proteomic studies and is typically accomplished by either peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) or amino acid sequencing of the peptide. Although sequence information from MS/MS analysis can be used to validate PMF-based protein identification, it may not be practical when analyzing a large number of proteins and when high-throughput MS/MS instrumentation is not readily available. At present, a vast majority of proteomic studies employ PMF. However, there are huge disparities in criteria used to identify proteins using PMF. Therefore, to reduce incorrect protein identification using PMF, and also to increase confidence in PMF-based protein identification without accompanying MS/MS analysis, definitive guiding principles are essential. To this end, we propose a value-based scoring system that provides guidance on evaluating when PMF-based protein identification can be deemed sufficient without accompanying amino acid sequence data from MS/MS analysis.
U7 snRNAs: A Computational Survey
Authors: Marz Manja , Mosig Axel , Stadler Bärbel M.R. , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) sequences have been described only for a handful of animal species in the past. Here we describe a computational search for functional U7 snRNA genes throughout vertebrates including the upstream sequence elements characteristic for snRNAs transcribed by polymerase II. Based on the results of this search, we discuss the high variability of U7 snRNAs in both sequence and structure, and report on an attempt to find U7 snRNA sequences in basal deuterostomes and non-drosophilids insect genomes based on a combination of sequence, structure, and promoter features. Due to the extremely short sequence and the high variability in both sequence and structure, no unambiguous candidates were found. These results cast doubt on putative U7 homologs in even more distant organisms that are reported in the most recent release of the Rfam database.
Case report of glomus jugulare tumour associated with a posterior fossa cyst
Authors: Keir J A , Wilbourn M , Anslow P , Milford C A 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA subgroup of complex glomus jugulare tumours exists. This includes: multiple, giant or neuropeptide-secreting lesions; those associated with other lesions, such as dural arterio-venous malformation or an adrenal tumour; and tumours in which there has been previous treatment with adverse outcome. To our knowledge, we present the first case of a glomus jugulare tumour associated with a posterior fossa cyst. This entity should be included in the subgroup of complex glomus jugulare tumours.
Prevalence of pharyngeal and laryngeal complications in adult asthmatics using inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Bhalla R K , Jones A S , Roland N J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the prevalence in adults of pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids.Design:Prospective, observational and based on a structured, specifically designed postal questionnaire.Setting:University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK.Participants:The questionnaire was distributed to 190 patients on the basis of current inhaled corticosteroid use. Recruitment was from the databases of two local general practices. Individuals were classified as mild, moderate or severe asthmatics, using the guidelines of the British Thoracic Society.Main outcome measures:Demographic data, including smoking history, were recorded. The number, type, strength, dosing regime and duration of individual inhaler use were recorded. Specific pharyngeal and laryngeal side effects were enquired about. Co-morbidities and preventive measures were also recorded. Results were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical tests.Results:There was a 75.8 per cent response rate (144/190 questionnaires); 63 (43.8 per cent) of respondents were male and 81 (56.2 per cent) were female. The majority of our patients were either mild or moderate asthmatics. Longer use of an inhaled corticosteroid predisposed to weak voice (p = 0.0016), hoarseness (p = 0.0001) and throat irritation (p = 0.008). Hoarseness, throat irritation, sore throat and cough were observed much more frequently than anticipated. Severe asthmatics were more likely to use a spacer device compliantly (p = 0.0487; odds ratio 1.53). Side effects were more prevalent as asthma severity worsened (p = 0.0049; odds ratio 1.87).Conclusions:Inhaled corticosteroids cause sore throats, throat irritation, hoarseness and cough. Further research in this area is required in order to elucidate the mechanism of inflammation. Only then can effective preventive measures be introduced and implemented.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone
Authors: Bibas A G , Ward V , Gleeson M J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to present the management and survival data of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone, and to discuss whether extensive surgery improves survival.Patients and methods:Retrospective, case-series review of 17 patients (18 cases) with temporal bone carcinoma (15 primary and three recurrent tumours), over a period of 20 years.Setting:Tertiary referral centre – university hospital.Main outcome measures:Disease-specific and overall five-year survival.Results:The mean age at presentation was 63 years, with a range of 39 to 75 years. Twelve cases ofde novotumour were managed by surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy in 10 cases, while three such patients were considered incurable from the outset and were given a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Of the three patients referred to our unit with recurrent disease, two were treated elsewhere with radical mastoidectomy and one with chemoradiation; all were subsequently managed by subtotal petrosectomy. The disease-specific and overall five-year survival for the entire cohort was 64.17 per cent (mean 89 months; 95 per cent confidence interval, 62–117) and 47.06 per cent (mean 70 months; 95 per cent confidence interval, 43–98), respectively. The disease-specific and overall survival for patients with advanced T3and T4tumours was 59 per cent (mean 83 months; 95 per cent confidence interval, 53–113) and 40 per cent (mean 62; 95 per cent confidence interval, 33–91 months), respectively. All but one recurrence developed within 12 months of initiating treatment. No deaths occurred after 26 months of follow up.Conclusions:A lateral temporal bone resection is adequate treatment for T1and T2tumours. Post-operative radiotherapy should probably be offered for large T2tumours. For T3and T4tumours, a subtotal petrosectomy with parotidectomy followed by post-operative radiotherapy is adequate treatment, as it offers a similar outcome to that of more extensive procedures.
Blebs in inner and outer hair cells: a pathophysiological hypothesis
Authors: Ramírez-Camacho R , García-Berrocal J R , Trinidad A , Verdaguer J M , Nevado J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntroduction:The ototoxic effects of cisplatin include loss of outer hair cells, degeneration of the stria vascularis and a decrease in the number of spiral ganglion cells. Scanning microscopy has shown balloon-like protrusions (blebs) of the plasma membrane of inner hair cells following cisplatin administration. The present study was undertaken to identify the possible role of inner and outer hair cell blebs in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.Materials and methods:Twenty-five guinea pigs were injected with cisplatin and their hearing tested at different time-points, before sacrifice and examination with scanning electron microscopy.Results and analysis:Seven animals showed blebs in the inner hair cells at different stages. Hearing thresholds were lower in animals showing blebs.Discussion:Cisplatin seems to be able to induce changes in inner hair cells as well as in other structures in the organ of Corti. Blebbing observed in animals following cisplatin administration could play a specific role in the regulation of intracellular pressure.
Endoscopic ‘cold steel’ versus laser dacryocystorhinostomy: completing the audit cycle
Authors: Lester S E , Robson A K , Bearn M 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntroduction:Dacryocystorhinostomy via an endonasal route has been adopted in our department. This audit study describes and compares our results for external, laser endonasal and ‘cold steel’ endonasal techniques. Success was defined as a subjective report of eye watering being ‘better’ or ‘cured’. Data were obtained from a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients undergoing primary dacryocystorhinostomy in our department.‘Gold standard’:External dacryocystorhinostomy performed by a consultant ophthalmologist was taken as our gold standard. In our study, the success rate for external dacryocystorhinostomy was 94 per cent.First cycle – laser-assisted endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy:Our initial results for endonasal laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy produced a success rate of 64 per cent, which was significantly worse than that for external dacryocystorhinostomy. These results have been previously published.Change in practice:Evidence suggested that cold steel endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy was more effective, and we adopted this as our technique of choice.Second cycle – cold steel endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy:Over a four-year period, 57 cases completed a full nine months' follow up. 93 per cent were completed as day cases and 39 per cent were performed under local anaesthetic. The success rate was 79 per cent (45/57). There was no difference in success rates when this procedure was compared with external dacryocystorhinostomy (p = 0.55). The type of anaesthetic used (i.e. local vs general) made no difference to the success rate (p = 0.93).Change in practice:Cold steel endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy was as effective as the gold standard, i.e. external dacryocystorhinostomy. Laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy was significantly less successful than external dacryocystorhinostomy. Due to the benefits of decreased operating time, lower morbidity and success under local anaesthetic, we recommend cold steel endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy as our procedure of choice for the treatment of epiphora.
Congenital salivary fistula of accessory parotid gland: imaging findings
Authors: Gadodia A , Seith A , Sharma R , Thakar A 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe report the imaging findings in a rare case of an accessory parotid gland fistula.Material and methods:An eight-year-old boy was presented with complaints of serous discharge from his left cheek since birth. As part of the radiological investigation, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography sialography with fistulography, and digital sialography with fistulography were performed.Results:Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the exact location of an accessory parotid gland but failed to demonstrate the accessory duct. The presence of an accessory gland was well delineated on computed tomography fistulography and computed tomography sialography. Fistulography revealed a small accessory parotid duct and gland. No communication between the ductal systems of both glands was demonstrated.Conclusions:In such cases, pre-operative imaging (with sialography, magnetic resonance sialography and computed tomography sialography with fistulography) is helpful for exact delineation of the ductal anatomy. To the best of our knowledge, only four previous cases of congenital accessory parotid gland fistula have been reported in the English literature.
Otoneurological findings in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients
Authors: Teggi R , Ceserani N , Luce F Lira , Lazzarin A , Bussi M 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective:To investigate vestibular function in human immunodeficiency virus positive subjects.Methods:We studied vestibular function in 60 human immunodeficiency virus positive subjects reporting dizziness. All three Center for Disease Control and Prevention categories of human immunodeficiency virus infection were represented in the study group (30 patients in class A, 20 in class B and 10 in class C). Subjects had had no previous history of acute vertigo. All subjects underwent: neurotological screening for spontaneous, positional and positioning nystagmus, using head-shaking and head-thrust (Halmagyi) tests; audiometrical examination; and electronystagmography with bithermal stimulation (Freyss' method). The results of the 30 class A subjects were compared with those of 30 human immunodeficiency virus negative patients reporting dizziness.Results:Abnormal otoneurological findings increased progressively from the A to C categories, particularly regarding increased central damage (3.3 per cent of class A, 35 per cent of class B and 100 per cent of class C subjects). In contrast, the incidence of peripheral vestibular disorders remained almost the same, comparing the three categories (33.3 per cent in class A and 50 per cent in classes B and C subjects). Moreover, a higher number of human immunodeficiency virus positive subjects showed abnormal otoneurological findings, compared with the dizzy, human immunodeficiency virus negative subjects.Conclusions:In our opinion, a vestibular disorder may occur in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients as a result of direct viral damage, even in the early phase of infection. Central vestibular damage may be established later on, and may be linked to different causes (e.g. superinfections, vascular causes and drug toxicity).
Public perceptions of the neglect and mistreatment of older people: findings of a United Kingdom survey
Authors: HUSSEIN SHEREEN , MANTHORPE JILL , PENHALE BRIDGET 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTLarge surveys of the general population's perceptions of the neglect and mistreatment of older people are few. This article provides evidence about the public's awareness of ‘elder abuse’ at a time of considerable media and political interest in the subject in many countries. It presents the findings of a survey of 1,000 adults' knowledge of the neglect and mistreatment of older people in the UK. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to examine: variations in the perception of the existence of neglect or mistreatment of older people, the perceived relative prevalence of knowing an older person who had been subject to such experiences, the type and place of such experiences and knowledge of sources of help in such circumstances. The key findings are that older people believed that there is less neglect and mistreatment of older people than younger people, that women perceived more than men, and that there were regional variations in these perceptions. One-quarter said they knew an older person who had experienced neglect or mistreatment, and such reports were most likely among the middle aged and women. The most frequently reported locations of abuse were care homes and hospitals, and the most commonly reported form was inadequate or insufficient personal care. Most people said they would contact social services or paid carers if they encountered neglect or mistreatment. The findings are discussed in the light of increased policy attention to the safeguarding of vulnerable adults, and the implications for research, practice and campaigning organisations are considered.