bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Word is out on SSC short list
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Sites in eight states have been selected by a panel from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) as finalists in the selection process for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), two Republican Senators announced today. DOE acknowledged that it had received a list from NAS but would not confirm the contents of the list.According to the Associated Press, Senators Jesse Helms (R‐N.C.) and Phil Gramm (R‐Tex.) were notified about the list by Secretary of Energy John Herrington. In a subsequent news conference, Helms announced that sites in Texas, Arizona, Colorado, Tennessee, New York, Illinois, Michigan, and North Carolina had been placed by the NAS panel on a “short list” and presented to DOE.
$425 million for space station
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The Space Station will funded at only about half of the $767 million requested in the 1988 budget for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and overall the agency will receive $8,856 billion for the current fiscal year (FY) in the deficit‐reduction package passed by Congress in late December. Despite an earlier complaint that reductions in the space station budget would kill the program and an apparent lack of support from the White House, NASA's official reaction was full of good cheer.NASA will be able to use the $425 million in two installments, $200 million now and $225 million in June. In October, NASA administrator James Fletcher stated in a letter to Senator Jake Garn (R‐Utah) that if the space station received no more than $440 million, he would “recommend termination” of the program. But after the budget was approved, NASA said that the $425 million “reflected the strong commitment of the President and the Congress to proceed with the development of a space station.” A recent request to President Reagan from congressional proponents of the station for a letter of support for the multibillion dollar project was declined.
NSFNET to send data at 1.5 Mbps
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A new $14 million National Science Foundation (NSF) grant to upgrade a data communication network for scientific research will improve the speed of the network by more than an order of magnitude. The 5‐year grant has been awarded to MERIT, Inc., a consortium of Michigan universities that will manage the network, which is called NSFNET.The network now transmits information at 56,000 bits per second (bps). With computer hardware and software contributed by IBM and fiber optics data transfer lines donated by MCI Communications, the upgraded network will be able to send and receive information at 1.5 million bps, the equivalent of about 50 single‐spaced typewritten pages every second.
Mixed layer dynamics: Progress and new directions
Authors: Müller Peter , Garwood Roland W. 
Published: October 2006

The dynamics of the oceanic surface mixed layer was the topic of the Fourth ‘Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop. The meeting was hosted by the University of Hawaii and was held from January 14 to 16, 1987. Some two dozen participants, representing diverse experimental and theoretical interests and viewpoints, were charged with “evaluating the state of the art and offering suggestions for future research.”The ocean is primarily driven at the sea surface by the atmosphere. The fluxes of momentum, mass, and heat into the ocean are controlled by the oceanic surface mixed layer. Proper understanding of mixed layer dynamics is hence paramount for almost every problem in physical oceanography. This central role is not limited to physical oceanography. Mixed layer dynamics also affect the natural and anthropogenic chemical fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere and therefore the geochemical cycle of many substances (F. Mackenzie, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.). Similarly, mixed layer dynamics are of crucial importance for the biological productivity of the upper ocean.
Acid lake in N.Y. gets relief
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A pond in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State has received a second soothing dose of baking soda. The 21 tons of sodium bicarbonate should moderate the pond's acidic conditions, lethal to fish and other forms of life.Wolf Pond, 25 miles (40 km) north of Saranac Lake, has developed an extremely low pH (4.5) because of acid rain and the runoff of acidic surface water, combined with very little outflow. The pond was first treated with sodium bicarbonate by t h e New York Department of Environmental Conservation in 1984; afterward the pH rose to about 6.2. Fish stocked by local residents have continued to live in the pond, despite the eventual rebound in its acidity.
Rare events ion geology
Authors: McLaren Digby J. 
Published: October 2006

International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 199, which was begun in 1984 under the enthusiastic leadership of Kenneth Hsu (Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich), held its second working session in Beijing, March 3–5, 1987. The meeting was held at the invitation of Sun Shu, Director of the Bureau of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academia Sinica; Xu Dao‐Yi, Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, and Sun Yi‐Ying (Freddie), Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica.The scientific sessions were followed by a field excursion to the Permian‐Triassic boundary in Changxing area. Throughout the meetings and excursion, the organization and opportunities for interaction were superb. Sixteen foreign delegates from nine countries met with 47 of their Chinese colleagues and learned a great deal from them. All of us had been aware that a lot of research was going on in China on the geology, paleontology, and geochemistry of event stratigraphy, but I believe that few if any of us had realized the scale and variety of research that is currently being advanced in every corner of this vast country and throughout the whole of the Phanerozoic stratigraphic column.
History of British Space Science
Authors: Needell Allan A. 
Published: October 2006

On May 13, 1953, as H. S. W. Massey (born Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey) was leaving his office to take part in the annual cricket match between the staff and students of the University College London physics department, he received a fateful telephone call from an official at the Ministry of Supply. According to Massey, the official asked whether he would be interested in using ministry supplied rockets for scientific research. “Without hesitation he said ‘yes’ and this really marked the beginning of the British scientific rocket programme,” (p. 17).Sir Harrie Massey died on November 27, 1983. In addition to an extraordinary scientific career, and a career as a senior statesman of British science, Massey also left behind an essentially completed manuscript devoted to chronicling the major events and accomplishments of British space science. The book project, according to M. O. Robins (Massey's coauthor and a pioneer in British rocketry and space science in his own right) was conceived in 1978. In 1981 the authors received a commission from the British Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC). The present volume is the result.
IAHS awards International Hydrology Prize
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) awarded its 1987 International Hydrology Prize to Vujica Yevjevich, preseritly Professor Emeritus at Colorado State University (Fort Collins). The award was announced at the IAHS General Assembly final plenary meeting in Vancouver, Canada, on August 21, 1987.Because Yevjevich was unable to attend the Vancouver meeting, the prize —a beautiful silver medal— was presented to him at George Washington University, Washington, D.C., on September 11 by two IAHS representatives. Ivan Johnson (A. Ivan Johson, Inc., Arvada, Colo.), Honorary President of IAHS, and Marshall Moss (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Reston, Va.), Chairman of the U.S. National Committee for IAHS, personally handed the medal to Yevjevich. On behalf of the IAHS membership, they offered congratulations on the award and appreciation for Yevjevich's many contributions to the science of hydrology. (See photograph above).
Water resource systems group
Authors: Stedinger Jery R. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: October 2006

The 11th meeting of the Water Resource Systems Group was held at the University of Washington (Seattle), August 7–8, 1987. These systems group meetings, which are informal gatherings of professionals who have an interest in the educational and research aspects of water resources systems analysis, have usually been held on university campuses. The 30 attendees of the 1987 meeting represented a cross section of university faculty and graduate students, government managers and researchers, and engineering consultants.The meeting opened with short discussions by Steve Burges (University of Washington), Chuck Howard (CDD Howard and Associates, Victoria, Canada), David Dawdy (consultant, San Francisco, Calif.), and Jon Liebman (University of Illinois, Urbana) outlining their views of current issues in the water resources area. Burges emphasized the limitations and inadequacies of many of the models currently used in hydrology: rainfall runoff models may not adequately capture the physical characteristics of the movement of water into channels, vadose and saturated zone pollutant transport models are incapable of reproducing many of the features observed in the field, and many streamflow forecasting models used for reservoir operations have been constructed to reproduce average conditions but break down under the extreme conditions (floods and droughts) where they are most needed.
A search For Artic ozone
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Four atmospheric scientists took off with their instruments for Greenland last week, where they will try to see if depletion of stratospheric ozone in the Arctic can be detected as it has been in Antarctica since 1985.Members of the scientific team include Susan Solomon and George Mount of the Aeronomy Laboratory at the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) in Boulder, Colo., and Ryan Sanders and Roger Jakoubec of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science in Norman, Okla. These four participated in previous National Ozone Expedition (NOZE) investigations at McMurdo Station in Antarctica that helped document the ozone “hole,” decreases of up to 50% in ozone during the early austral spring in September and October of the last 2 years (1986–1987).
Oil reserve in salt a success
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Imagine a huge, multibillion dollar federal project, still growing more than a decade after it officially opened, that wins a national prize for its design and construction amid praise from policymakers, engineers, and economists.Is it real? Yes—It is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), 545 million barrels of oil, nearly $10 billion worth at current prices, placed in excavated salt domes in Louisiana and Texas. The SPR has been managed by the Department of Energy (DOE) since it was legislated into existence by Congress in 1975. In the wake of the energy crisis of the early 1970s, the need was recognized for a shortterm supply of crude oil, purchased from abroad by the federal government, to function as an emergency supply during times of political instability, when worldwide flow of oil might be shut off. It has had the support of every President since its inception, with the original goal of 1 billion barrels in reserve evolving into the current target of 750 million barrels set by the Reagan administration.
Consensus in a Precambrian garden
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

At the Precambrian‐Cambrian boundary, the course of life on Earth underwent a dramatic change that culminated in the rise of predators and other complex animals, a group of paleontologists agreed at a conferece last week.Just prior to 590 million years ago, the ecology of life in the oceans was very simple; soft‐shelled multicellular animals called Ediacara lived in apparent harmony with vast mats o f bacteria and algae that covered the seafloor, dependent on the photosynthesis or chemosynthesis of their one‐celled hosts for their existence. According to the consensus reached by the scientists, this symbiotic and apparently global “Garden of Ediacara” fell early in the Cambrian Period, as the mats declined and food chains multiplied with new animals that, for the first time in Earth's history, preyed on other living things.
Science big in 1989 budget
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The $1.09 trillion budget that President Reagan sent to Congress on February 18, 1988, calls for large increases in science and technology spending while staying close to but not always within the limits of the budget summit agreement reached by the White House and congressional leaders late in 1987.Big science was a big winner in the Fiscal Year (FY) 1989 spending plan, the last budget that the Reagan administration will bring to Congress. The Space Station and the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), two multibillion dollar federal projects that received ambiguous financial support from the House and Senate last year, will be back again, with requests of nearly $1 billion for the Space Station and $363 million for the SSC. For FY 1988, Congress approved $25 million for the SSC and funded the Space Station at $425 million, less than half the amount the White House originally requested. Reagan's 1989 budget also requests appropriations for the Space Station totaling $6 billion through 1991
BIRPS seeks deep geological proposals
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Deep Geology Committee of the National Environment Research Council (NERC) is inviting interested scientists to submit proposals for research to complement the data being gathered by the British Institutions Reflection Profiling Syndicate (BIRPS).BIRPS was established at Cambridge University (Cambridge, U.K.) in 1981 by NERC to study the lower crust and upper mantle. So far it has collected more than 10,000 km of reflection profiles on the continental shelf near the United Kingdom, using 15‐s two‐way travel times that measure to a depth of about 50 km.
SSWG statement on the proposed 1989 NASA budget
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Space Science Working Group applauds the leadership evident in the February 1988 Presidential Directive on National Space Policy and in the President's proposed NASA budget for fiscal year 1989. The National Space Policy outlines a series of broad goals to guide the planning of ongoing and future U.S. programs in space, including the need “to expand knowledge of the Earth, its environment, the solar system, and the universe,” and “to preserve the United States preeminence in critical aspects of space science.“ Our new space policy is the result of a careful planning process that recognizes the need for immediate action to revitalize the U.S. space science enterprise.For the last several years, and particularly since the Challenger accident, the SSWG has maintained that this nation must act to correct the serious erosion in the health of U.S. space science. In its testimony to Congress last year the SSWG presented four overarching issues that must be addressed to resolve the present crisis:

frequent and assured access to space for scientific exploration,
the vitality of the space science infrastructure, particularly at universities,
the timely development of advanced technologies, and
the continuing pursuit of new science.
Seismology examined at university
Authors: Herrmann Robert B. , Thiruvathukal John V. 
Published: October 2006

The early 1980s were a time of introspection and restructuring for universities. Faced with demographic projections indicating a decrease in university enrollment during the 1980s, many universities raised the possibility of cutting back on programs and faculty in order to survive into the 1990s, when the next mini‐baby boom is expected.This period was also marked by changes in emphasis in federally funded research, as well as by new initiatives in the Earth sciences. Industry requirements for trained seismologists were very high initially but were substantially reduced in later years.
ASLO Presents Hutchinson Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Lawrence Richards Pomeroy, Alumni Foundation Distinguished Professor at the University o f Georgia, Athens, is the 1987 recipient of the Hutchinson Award, given annually by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO). The award is given in recognition o f outstanding past and current research in limnology and oceanography.Larry Pomeroy was trained in zoology at the University of Michigan, where he received his B.S. and M.S., and at Rutgers University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1959. In his very first published research, on phosphorus uptake by the American oyster, he began the interest in phosphorus and mineral cycling in natural waters that was to be a major research theme o f his for the next 20 years. His studies at the University of Georgia included measurements of estuaries, coral reefs, zooplankton excretion, salt marshes, and sediment‐water exchange. The techniques and understanding that he developed and the publications he produced with a variety of coauthors made him a world leader in the biogeochemistry of phosphorus cycling.
SPR Executive meets
Authors: Feldman William 
Published: October 2006

The SPR Executive Committee met during the 1988 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif. After bringing the meeting to order, SPR President Bob Helliwell opened the floor to a discussion of instituting a “named lecturer” series of talks for our annual AGU Spring and Fall meetings. The majority of those present felt this was a good idea. All agreed to consider this point further and to solicit suggestions from the general SPR membership.The next topic considered was how to facilitate the flow of information from the geophysical community to the news media. One possible mechanism suggested by Chris Russell was to appoint an SPR committee on public information to identify issues of current interest or importance, provide a readily understandable explanation of the issues, identify experts in these areas, and distribute this information to members of the media. This last task could make use of existing AGU officers.
Mantle carbon flux calculated
Authors: Wainger Lisa 
Published: October 2006

A geochemist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center (Moffett Field, Calif.) has greatly improved the accuracy of determining oceanic carbon outgassing rates by developing a new technique for extracting carbon dioxide that prevents contamination. David Des Marias burned his rock samples in pure oxygen at 450°C and then 650°C, before melting them at 1200°C to expel the gases. The samples remained in the same apparatus throughout the cleaning and melting, allowing Des Marais to clean the sample while limiting atmospheric contamination. His earlier work with lunar samples had shown that the process was effective, since only minor amounts of carbon were found in those samples after the cleaning.By analyzing samples of glassy ocean ridge tholeiites from the Mid‐Cayman Rise, the East Pacific Rise (21°N), the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, and the Galapagos Ridge, Des Marais determined the ratio of carbon to 3He in the samples. Then, by relating that ratio to an established rate for total oceanic 3He flux, he calculated a mantle carbon flux of 20–30 million tons of carbon per year. The carbon emitted from the ocean ridges and other undersea volcanic areas represents more than 90% of the global carbon outflow from the mantle. Two other previous estimates of carbon outflow ranged from 0.1 to 10 times his result. Des Marais' finding is considered the most accurate because he was able to accurately measure carbon and 3He without depending on the assumptions made by others that all CO2 comes from volcanos and all the carbon emitted from the mantle has been preserved at the surface.
NSF, NASA link computers
Authors: Lisa Wainger 
Published: October 2006

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has signed an agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to share high‐speed communications lines. The effort will link university researchers now connected to NSF's national computer communications network with data bases and supercomputers at NASA laboratories. “NSF and NASA have agreed to work together to identify ways to satisfy the technical requirements of networking through research, engineering, and implementations,” according to Steve Wolff, NSF Division Director for Networking and Communications Research and Infrastructure.The 5‐year agreement will allow three NASA facilities to link to existing NSF regional networks, which in turn are connected through a national backbone network. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., will be linked to the Southeastern Universities Research Associated Net (SURANET); the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., will be linked to the Bay Area Regional Research Net (BARR‐NET); and the NASA Johnson Space Flight Center in Houston, Tex., will be linked to Sesquinet, a regional network in Texas. Authorized scientists will be able to access and use NASA data in their research, and can apply for time on NASA supercomputers. NASA‐funded scientists at universities served by NSF regional networks will be able to communicate and collaborate with their colleagues at NASA centers.
Cluster and SOHO: A joint endeavour by ESA and NASA to address problems in solar, heliospheric and space plasma physics
Authors: Schmidt Rudolf , Domingo Vicente , Shawhan Stanley D. , Bohlin David 
Published: October 2006

The European Space Agency (ESA) and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are currently working on the Solar‐Terrestrial Science Program (STSP). This project consists of the fourspacecraft Cluster mission and the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).The Institute of Space Research (IKI) of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, Moscow, will scientifically enhance the Cluster mission by creating a two‐spacecraft mission that will use Cluster‐type vehicles. This mission will be launched at about the same time as Cluster, and both missions will be operated in close collaboration. Discussions are under way on a working grouplevel to identify possible scenarios.
Burning records caused fumes after derailment
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

A new study shows that hazardous materials may come in harmless‐looking packages and that toxic chemicals are not always to blame for environmental accidents.A Conrail train derailment April 11, 1987, in Bloomfield, Pa., led to a fire, the spill of phosphorus oxychloride, and a plume of smoke and hydrogen chloride gas that acutely affected nearby residents. An investigation of the accident just completed by the Center for Hazardous Materials Research (CHMR) at the University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, Pa.) found that the fumes were entirely the result of burning phonograph records. In addition, calculations based on a computer model of gas emission and dispersion showed that community exposure was probably below dangerous levels throughout the fire.