bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in bone turnover markers and injury risks between local and international horses: A Victorian Spring Racing Carnival study
Authors: Ayodele Babatunde A. , Pagel Charles N. , Mackie Eleanor J. , Armour Fiona , Yamada Sean , Zahra Paul , Courtman Natalie , Whitton R. Chris , Hitchens Peta L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal injuries (MSI) are common in racehorses and have been of increasing concern in horses travelling internationally to compete. Understanding the differences in bone turnover between local horses and international horses following long‐distance air transportation may inform MSI prevention strategies.ObjectivesTo understand the differences in bone turnover markers and risk of MSI between local horses and international horses following long‐distance air transportation.Study designProspective cohort.MethodsThe concentrations of bone turnover markers (OCN and CTXI), markers of stress (cortisol), inflammation (serum amyloid A) and circadian rhythm (melatonin), and bisphosphonates were determined in blood samples collected twice (14–17 days apart), from horses following international travel (n = 69), and from local horses (n = 79). The associations between markers, long‐distance travel and MSI were determined using multivariable generalised linear regression models.ResultsWithin 3–5 days post‐transport, concentrations of cortisol in international horses were higher than those of local horses (main effect, Coef. 0.39; 95% CI 0.24, 0.54; p < 0.001) but they decreased and were not different to those of local horses at the second timepoint (interaction effect, Coef. −0.27; 95% CI −0.46, −0.07; p = 0.007). After adjusting for age and sex, OCN and CTXI were not significantly different between international and local horses; however, OCN was lower in international horses at timepoint 2 (interaction effect, Coef. −0.16; 95% CI −0.31, −0.01; p = 0.043). The prevalence of MSI was higher in the international (26%; 95% CI 16, 38%) compared with local horses (8%; 95% CI 3, 16%; p < 0.001), with all severe MSI sustained by the international horses. At the second timepoint compared with the first timepoint post‐transport, cortisol remained high or increased (interaction effect, Coef. 0.43; 95% CI 0.24, 0.61; p < 0.001) and OCN increased (interaction effect, Coef. 0.26; 95% CI 0.08, 0.44; p = 0.006) in the horses that sustained severe MSI.Main limitationsHorse population and racing career parameters differed between groups. Bone turnover markers have low sensitivity to detect local bone changes.ConclusionsMost horses showed minimal effects of long‐distance air transport within 2 weeks relative to local horses as assessed by stress and bone turnover markers. Screening for persistent high cortisol and evidence of net bone formation after long‐distance air transportation may help to identify racehorses at high risk of catastrophic MSI.
The Co‐Parenting Across Family Structures Scale: Replication for Mandarin parents
Authors: Pruett Marsha Kline , Wang Xiying , Zhu Tianmei , Alschech Jonathan , Saini Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCo‐parenting, the undertaking of parents working together to raise their children, is well documented as an important consideration of children's adjustment in Western countries, but we know less about the role of co‐parenting in other cultures. In China, for example, co‐parenting has only recently emerged in the social science literature. This study aimed to examine the cultural sensitivity of the CoPAFS instrument among Chinese Mandarin‐speaking parents. CoPAFS is a 27‐item survey designed to assess co‐parenting across married and unmarried family structures originally developed in English. Data were collected from 729 Chinese‐speaking and 348 English‐speaking respondents. Factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the overall model fit for the translated co‐parenting measure was acceptable in Mandarin. However, the five CoPAFS subscales (trust, respect, communication, acrimony, and value) differed across comparison groups, with communication notable for its lack of endorsement among Chinese couples. Implications of measuring co‐parenting within Chinese families are offered.
Political corruption and earthquakes: Governance in Turkey under Erdogan's rule
Authors: Cifuentes‐Faura Javier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 2023, a major earthquake struck Turkey, leaving thousands dead and exposing the country's corruption problems. The current Turkish president Erdoğan was sworn into power in 2003. Erdoğan's government has completely transformed the country with construction projects that have provided a huge economic boost. However, successive amnesties and non‐compliance with building regulations have uncovered cases of corruption. This paper analyses the evolution of corruption in Turkey during Erdoğan's rule. Several indicators are considered, such as the Corruption Perception Index, the Index on Impartial Administration or the V‐Dem Indicator on Political Corruption. The results indicate that two distinct stages can be distinguished during Erdoğan's term in office. The first stage was marked by a reduction in the perception of corruption, and the second stage was marked by an increase in the number of tenders for public works and corruption. Finally, several policy recommendations are proposed to reduce corruption in Turkey.
Gendered experiences in professional military education: Implications for diversity, equity, and inclusion
Authors: Erwin Stephanie , Jenner Brandy , Hennessey Megan J. , Weigle Brett 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis multi‐year, cross‐sectional qualitative study investigates gendered experiences of students and faculty at one master's degree‐granting military education institution in the United States. Findings from a grounded theory exploration into institutional climate using focus groups and classroom observations include themes of underrepresentation, tokenization, and dismissal during class conversations, and mischaracterization of diversity of thought. The studied institution responded to these findings by adopting a new gender‐blind class assignment process for students. The authors examined the resultant changes in the learning environment with regards to gender representation in classrooms that had zero, one, two, or three women. A next round of findings reflects students' conformance to gender norms, the prevalence of gatekeeping in class discussion, and the creation of affinity groups as a coping mechanism for underrepresented students. Findings also indicate the burden of intersectional representation falls disproportionately on women students; 73% of women students reflected two or more underrepresented‐group identities compared to just 7% of men students. Encompassing 114 h of classroom observations and 47 interviews with faculty and students, this research represents a rigorous and unprecedented cross‐sectional empirical inquiry into gendered experiences of a master's degree‐granting professional learning environment and has implications for scholars and practitioners working in male‐dominated organizations.
Nonspecific oral medications versus anti–calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibodies for migraine: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Robblee Jennifer , Hakim Sameh M. , Reynolds John M. , Monteith Teshamae S. , Zhang Niushen , Barad Meredith 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare calcitonin gene–related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) versus nonspecific oral migraine preventives (NOEPs).BackgroundInsurers mandate step therapy with NOEPs before approving CGRP mAbs.MethodsDatabases were searched for class I or II randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CGRP mAbs or NOEPs versus placebo for migraine prevention in adults. The primary outcome measure was monthly migraine days (MMD) or moderate to severe headache days.ResultsTwelve RCTs for CGRP mAbs, 5 RCTs for topiramate, and 3 RCTs for divalproex were included in the meta‐analysis. There was high certainty that CGRP mAbs are more effective than placebo, with weighted mean difference (WMD; 95% confidence interval) of −1.64 (−1.99 to −1.28) MMD, which is compatible with small effect size (Cohen's d −0.25 [−0.34 to −0.16]). Certainty of evidence that topiramate or divalproex is more effective than placebo was very low and low, respectively (WMD −1.45 [−1.52 to −1.38] and −1.65 [−2.30 to −1.00], respectively; Cohen's d −1.25 [−2.47 to −0.03] and −0.48 [−0.67 to −0.29], respectively). Trial sequential analysis showed that information size was adequate and that CGRP mAbs had clear benefit versus placebo. Network meta‐analysis showed no statistically significant difference between CGRP mAbs and topiramate (WMD −0.19 [−0.56 to 0.17]) or divalproex (0.01 [−0.73 to 0.75]). No significant difference was seen between topiramate or divalproex (0.21 [−0.45 to 0.86]).ConclusionsThere is high certainty that CGRP mAbs are more effective than placebo, but the effect size is small. When feasible, CGRP mAbs may be prescribed as first‐line preventives; topiramate or divalproex could be as effective but are less well tolerated. The findings of this study support the recently published 2024 position of the American Headache Society on the use of CGRP mAbs as the first‐line treatment.
Apical root canal microbiome associated with primary and posttreatment apical periodontitis: A systematic review
Authors: Siqueira José F. , Silva Warley O. , Romeiro Kaline , Gominho Luciana F. , Alves Flávio R. F. , Rôças Isabela N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicroorganisms colonizing the apical root canal system are conceivably the ones directly involved with the causation and maintenance of apical periodontitis.ObjectivesThis article systematically reviews the reports on the microbiome occurring exclusively at the apical root canal of teeth with primary and posttreatment apical periodontitis.MethodsThe electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Proquest were searched up to August 2023. Clinical studies using culture and molecular microbiology methods to identify the microbial taxa present exclusively in the apical root canal segment of infected teeth with apical periodontitis were included. Studies were critically assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Prevalence Assessment Checklist.ResultsFrom 2277 articles initially detected, 52 were selected for full reading and 21 were eventually included in this review. Of these, molecular methods were used in 19 and culture in 2 studies. Ten studies evaluated primary infections, 8 evaluated posttreatment infections, and 3 included both. Cryopulverization of the apical root specimens was conducted in 11 studies. All studies evaluated the prevalence and diversity of bacteria, and only one also reported on fungi. Overall, the most frequent/abundant bacterial taxa found in the apical canal of primary infections were Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Olsenella uli, Fusobacterium species, Streptococcus species, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella species, Actinomyces species, Parvimonas micra, Treponema denticola, Synergistetes species, and an as‐yet uncharacterized taxon. In posttreatment infections, the most prevalent/abundant bacterial taxa included species of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Pseudoramibacter, Pseudomonas, and Propionibacterium. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was the most represented. The average apical bacterial load ranged from 105 to 106 in primary infections and from 103 to 104 in posttreatment infections.DiscussionMicrobial diversity in the apical part of the root canal system was examined encompassing data from both primary and posttreatment infections. Heterogeneity amongst the studies, especially in sample collection and microbial identification methods, is an important limitation that prevented a meta‐analysis.ConclusionsThere is a pronounced bacterial diversity in the infected apical canal, with a high interindividual variability. Different microbiome compositions at the species/genus level are observed according to the infection type.RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42021275886.
Site‐selective fluorescence and spectroscopic properties of Yb‐doped lanthanum titanate glasses
Authors: Topper Brian , Neumann Alexander , Wilke Stephen K. , Alrubkhi Abdulrahman , Mafi Arash , Weber Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractYtterbium‐doped lanthanum titanate glasses were prepared by levitation melting for the detailed characterization of the spectroscopic properties in the rare‐earth titanate glass host. Low‐temperature fluorescence spectroscopy reveals distinct site‐selectivity in both static and lifetime fluorescence measurements suggesting an absence of clustering as well as significant variation of local ytterbium environments. Typical site‐selectivity behavior of a shrinking Stark manifold with lower excitation energy is observed. At 77 K, both the mean emission frequency and the fluorescence lifetime initially increase as the excitation energy decreases from about 11100 to 10750 and then slightly decrease at lower excitation energy. Temperature‐dependent lifetime measurements between 77 and 420 K show a decreasing lifetime with increasing temperature and are well described by a two‐level thermal activation model. The temperature‐dependent fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with a room temperature white light absorption measurement allow the determination of the Stark energy levels of in lanthanum titanate glass as well as the calculation of the laser cross‐sections.
Effect of texture on ultra‐high strain behavior in eco‐friendly NBT‐0.25ST ceramics using NBT template
Authors: Berksoy‐Yavuz Ayse , Kaya Mustafa Yunus , Yalcin Ezgi , Gozuacik Namik Kemal , Mensur Ebru 
Published: April 2024

Abstract<001> oriented textured (Na0.5Bi0.5Ti)O3‐0.25SrTiO3 (NBT‐0.25ST) system was fabricated using 10 mol% plate‐like NBT template particles to enhance the electrical properties. Random and textured samples were prepared by a tape‐casting method. Lotgering factor for textured sample was calculated as 88%. Dielectric values of the samples were comparable, and this means texturing using NBT samples of this orientation did not change the dielectric constant. The maximum unipolar strain values of random and textured NBT‐0.25ST systems were found to be as ∼0.09% and ∼0.59%, respectively. This current study emphasizes the significant difference in maximum unipolar strain values between the random and textured versions of the NBT‐0.25ST system, indicating the superiority of the textured material in terms of responsiveness to the electric field. The FOM under high electric fields of textured and random NBT‐0.25ST was found to increase almost 45‐fold compared with random case.
Long‐term efficacy of encapsulated xenogeneic islet transplantation: Impact of encapsulation techniques and donor genetic traits
Authors: Park Heon‐Seok , Lee Eun Young , You Young‐Hye , Rhee Marie , Kim Jong‐Min , Hwang Seong‐Soo , Lee Poong‐Yeon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the long‐term efficacy of various encapsulated xenogeneic islet transplantation, and to explore the impact of different donor porcine genetic traits on islet transplantation outcomes.Materials and MethodsDonor porcine islets were obtained from wild‐type, α1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) and GTKO with overexpression of membrane cofactor protein genotype. Naked, alginate, alginate‐chitosan (AC), alginate‐perfluorodecalin (A‐PFD) and AC‐perfluorodecalin (AC‐PFD) encapsulated porcine islets were transplanted into diabetic mice.ResultsIn vitro assessments showed no differences in the viability and function of islets across encapsulation types and donor porcine islet genotypes. Xenogeneic encapsulated islet transplantation with AC‐PFD capsules showed the most favorable long‐term outcomes, maintaining normal blood glucose levels for 180 days. A‐PFD capsules showed comparable results to AC‐PFD capsules, followed by AC capsules and alginate capsules. Conversely, blood glucose levels in naked islet transplantation increased to >300 mg/dL within a week after transplantation. Naked islet transplantation outcomes showed no improvement based on donor islet genotype. However, alginate or AC capsules showed delayed increases in blood glucose levels for GTKO and GTKO with overexpression of membrane cofactor protein porcine islets compared with wild‐type porcine islets.ConclusionThe AC‐PFD capsule, designed to ameliorate both hypoxia and inflammation, showed the highest long‐term efficacy in xenogeneic islet transplantation. Genetic modifications of porcine islets with GTKO or GTKO with overexpression of membrane cofactor protein did not influence naked islet transplantation outcomes, but did delay graft failure when encapsulated.
Coexistence, resource partitioning, and fisheries management: A tale of two mesopredators in equatorial waters
Authors: Orrell Danielle L. , Sadd Daniel , Jones Kirsty L. , Chadwick Kate , Simpson Tiffany , Philpott Darcy E. , Hussey Nigel E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRock hind (Epinephelus adscensionis) and spotted moray (Gymnothorax moringa) are ubiquitous mesopredators that co‐occur in the nearshore waters of Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, where they have significant cultural and subsistence value, but management of their non‐commercial take is limited. This isolated volcanic system is home to high biomass and low species diversity, which poses two key questions: How can two mesopredators that perform similar ecological roles coexist? And if these two species are so ecologically similar, can they be managed using the same approach? Here, we combined acoustic telemetry, stomach content analysis, and stable isotope analysis to (i) explore space use and diet choices within and between these two species and (ii) to assess appropriate species‐specific management options. Although rock hind had high residency and small calculated home ranges (0.0001–0.3114 km2), spotted moray exhibited shorter periods of residency (<3 months) before exiting the array. Vertical space use differed significantly across the 20‐month tracking period, with individual differences in vertical space observed for both species. A hierarchical generalized additive model using 12‐h averaged depth data identified that rock hind occurred lower in the water column than spotted moray, with both species occupying moderately deeper depths at night versus day (+1.6% relative depth). Spotted moray depth was also significantly predicted by lunar illumination. Aggregating samples by species and tissue type, Bayesian ecological niche modeling identified a 53.14%–54.15% and 78.02%–97.08% probability of niche overlap from fin clip and white muscle, respectively, whereas limited stomach content data indicated a preference for piscivorous prey. Variability in niche breadth between years suggests these species may exploit a range of prey items over time. These findings indicate that although these two species perform a similar ecological role by feeding on prey occupying the same trophic levels, subtle differences in movement behaviors between them suggest a one‐rule‐fits‐all management approach is not likely the most effective option.
Mixed debris interaction with obstacle array under extreme flood conditions
Authors: Chowdhury Piyali , Fredericks Indigo‐Jaie , Alvarez Jesus Castaño , Clark Matthew , Jayaratne Ravindra , Wijetunge J. J. , Raby Alison , Taylor Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis investigation explores the interactions of different shaped debris with an array of obstacles under subcritical flow conditions, representative of a flood associated with a storm surge or tsunami. Panels, blocks and cylinders were used in a flow channel, as analogues for house panels, cars/containers and trees respectively, whilst some tests used a mix of debris. The backwater effect due to the blockage caused by the obstacles was most (least) significant for panels (cylinders). There was some evidence that smaller key log types and higher flow rates led to smaller dams. It was also evident that key logs formed at different depths depending on debris shape; debris shape also determined the vertical shape of the dam. Capture efficiency had a broadly negative (positive) correlation with the Froude number (permeability). Also, from video footage there were examples of the debris moving more quickly through partial dams. Finally, the drag force, deduced from only the water depths and the flow discharge, showed a clear relationship between drag force and Froude number, and a dependency of drag force on debris shape. There are some implications for the layout of building footprints in the inundation zones and the use of large, break‐away panels.
Model‐based estimation of long‐duration design precipitation for basins with large storage volumes of reservoirs and snowpacks
Authors: Hiraga Yusuke , Iseri Yoshihiko , Warner Michael D. , Duren Angela M. , England John F. , Frans Chris D. , Kavvas M. Levent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a model‐based methodology to estimate design precipitation for long durations during the winter and spring seasons (October to June) through its application to the drainage areas of two dams in the Columbia River Basin, United States. For basins with large reservoir storage or snowpack, design precipitation and floods need to be estimated based on long‐duration processes rather than focusing only on flood peaks or single storm durations. This study used the advanced research version of weather research and forecasting (WRF) model to maximize the target precipitation over the drainage areas by means of the Atmospheric Boundary Condition Shifting and Relative Humidity Perturbation with relaxed moisture flux thresholds. The greatest cumulative basin‐average precipitation depths during Oct–Jun were estimated to be 1220.5 and 1595.4 mm for the drainage areas of Bonneville and Libby Dams, respectively. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the exceedance probabilities of the estimated design precipitation depths were found to range from 10−3 to 10−5 at Bonneville Dam's drainage area. Those orders were found to be comparable with the documented exceedance probabilities of PMP/PMF in the US. The estimated design precipitation and corresponding atmospheric/land‐surface fields together will drive a physical model to estimate the design flood.