bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Talwar Nakul , Crawford Mike J. , Maratos Anna , Nur Ula , McDermott Orii , Procter Simon 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundMusic therapy may provide a means of improving mental health among people
with schizophrenia, but its effects in acute psychoses have not been
explored.AimsTo examine the feasibility of a randomised trial of music therapy for
in-patients with schizophrenia, and explore its effects on mental
health.MethodUp to 12 weeks of individual music therapy plus standard care were
compared with standard care alone. Masked assessments of mental health,
global functioning and satisfaction with care were conducted at 3
months.ResultsOf 115 eligible patients 81 (70%) were randomised. Two-thirds of those
randomised to music therapy attended at least four sessions (median
attendance, eight sessions). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a trend
towards improved symptom scores among those randomised to music therapy,
especially in general symptoms of schizophrenia.ConclusionsA randomised trial of music therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia is
feasible. The effects and cost-effectiveness of music therapy for acute
psychosis should be further explored in an explanatory randomised
trial.
Outcome and prognostic factors for adolescent female in-patients
with anorexia nervosa: 9- to 4-year follow-up
Authors: Hjern Anders , Lindberg Lene , Lindblad Frank 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundEarlier studies have indicated poor long-term outcomes for patients with
anorexia nervosa.AimsTo study health and social outcomes of adolescent in-patients with
anorexia nervosa in relation to prognostic factors.MethodA register study based on socio-economic and health data was conducted
for a national cohort of female residents in Sweden born between 1968 and
1977, including 748 in-patients with anorexia nervosa.ResultsAt follow-up 9–14 years after hospital admission, 8.7% of patients with
anorexia nervosa had persistent psychiatric health problems demanding
hospital care and 21.4% were dependent on society for their main income;
the stratified relative risks were 5.8 (95% CI 4.7–7.6) and 2.6 (2.3–3.0)
respectively compared with the general female population. The mortality
rate for patients with anorexia nervosa was 1.2% and the stratified risk
ratio for maternity was 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.7). Long duration of hospital
care and psychiatric comorbidity were predictors of persistent
psychiatric problems and financial dependency on society.ConclusionsThe outcome in this cohort of adolescent in-patients with anorexia
nervosa was considerably better than that reported in previous
studies.
Parturition Itself Is the Basis for Fetal Adrenal Involution
Authors: Ben-David Shlomit , Zuckerman-Levin Nehama , Epelman Monica , Shen-Orr Zila , Levin Moshe , Sujov Polo , Hochberg Ze’ev 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Context: Newborn infants show a postnatal decline in androgen levels as the fetal adrenal glands involute.
Hypothesis: Placental factors up-regulate dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) generation. Hence, regardless of age, parturition will result in fetal adrenal involution and decline in DHEA-S levels.
Subjects and Methods: Premature neonates (n = 30) with gestational age 26–35 wk were studied. Adrenal volume by ultrasonography and serum DHEA-S, cortisol, and androstendione levels were followed weekly between d 1 and 28 of life.
Results: Serum DHEA-S was high on d 1 of life, declining rapidly regardless of gestational age during the first week of life (P &lt; 0.001), and serum androstenedione and cortisol levels followed a similar pattern. Androstenedione levels showed a rise as of d 21 of life in boys but not in girls. The adrenals decreased in ultrasonographic volume from d 1 to 14 of life (P &lt; 0.001), regardless of gestational age.
Conclusions: Involution of the adrenal is faster than previously reported and, regardless of gestational age, occurs within the first week of life in terms of hormone secretion and within 2 wk in adrenal size. Involution involves a decline in DHEA-S but also in androstenedione and cortisol secretion, with a change in enzymatic activity. Males and females differ in their androstenedione levels and enzymatic activity. Parturition itself is the basis for fetal adrenal involution, supporting a key role for placental factors in maintaining the fetal adrenal and generating adrenal androgens.
Anterograde Axonal Tract Tracing
Authors: Raju Dinesh V. , Smith Yoland 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe mammalian brain contains a myriad of interconnected regions. An examination of the complex circuitry of these areas requires sensitive neuroanatomical tract tracing techniques. The anterograde tracers,Phaseolus vulgarisleucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) and biotinylated dextran amines (BDA) are powerful tools that can be used to label fiber tracts that project from one particular brain region. When injected iontophoretically, PHA‐L and BDA are readily taken up by neurons and transported anterogradely along their axonal tracts. Combined with immunocytochemistry for neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and receptors, tract tracing methods may be used to elucidate the phenotype of synapses that form the microcircuitry of specific neural systems.
Production and Titration of Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Salmon Patrick , Trono Didier 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLentiviral vectors have emerged over the last decade as powerful, reliable and safe tools for stable gene transfer in a wide variety of mammalian cells. Unlike other vectors derived from oncoretroviruses, they allow for stable gene delivery into most nondividing primary cells, including neurons. This is why LVs are becoming the most useful and promising tools in the field of neuroscience, not only for research, but also for future gene and cell therapy approaches. Lentivectors (LVs) derived from HIV‐1 have gradually evolved to display many desirable features aimed at increasing both their safety and their versatility. These latest designs are reviewed in this unit. This unit also describes protocols for production and titration of LVs that can be implemented in a research laboratory setting, with an emphasis on standardization to improve transposability of results between laboratories.
Polony DNA Sequencing
Authors: Porreca Gregory J. , Shendure Jay , Church George M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPolony DNA sequencing provides an inexpensive, accurate, high‐throughput way to resequence genomes of interest by comparison to a reference genome. Mate‐paired in vitro shotgun genomic libraries are produced and clonally amplified on microbeads by emulsion PCR. These serve as templates for sequencing by fluorescent nonamer ligation reactions on a microscope slide. Each sequencing run results in millions of 26‐bp reads that can be aligned to the reference genome, allowing the identification of differences between sequences.
Detection of Protein‐Protein Interactions by Coprecipitation
Authors: Elion Elaine A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCoprecipitation of proteins from whole‐cell extracts is a valuable approach to test for physical interactions between proteins of interest. This unit describes basic approaches to immunoprecipitating tagged proteins from whole‐cell extracts. The approaches described can be adapted for other systems. In a typical experiment, as described here, cells are lysed and a whole‐cell extract is prepared under nondenaturing conditions. The protein is precipitated from the lysate with a solid‐phase affinity matrix, and the precipitate is tested for the presence of a second specifically associated protein. The approach can be used for native or epitope‐tagged proteins for which antibodies are available, or for recombinant proteins that have been engineered to bind with high affinity to a molecule that can be coupled to a solid‐phase matrix.
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Gene Delivery to the Brain
Authors: Suhonen Jaana , Ray Jasodhara , Blömer Ulrike , Gage Fred H. , Kaspar Brian 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis unit describes methods for grafting genetically modified cells for ex vivo delivery of specific genes into the rat brain and direct delivery of transgenes to brain cells in vivo using recombinant viral vectors. These methods assess the function of a gene in the brain. The ex vivo approach of gene transfer to the nervous system depends on genetic manipulation of cells in vitro prior to grafting of the cells into the brain to enable production of a transgene at physiologically significant levels for a long period of time. This unit also includes procedures for transcardial perfusion to fix the tissue prior to analysis of expression and for sectioning of brains by use of a freezing sledge microtome. Thionine staining of tissue sections is also described.
Analysis of a regularized, time‐staggered discretization applied to a vertical slice model
Authors: Dubal Mark , Staniforth Andrew , Wood Nigel , Reich Sebastian 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA regularized and time‐staggered discretization of the two‐dimensional, vertical slice Euler equation set is described and analysed. A linear normal mode analysis of the time‐discrete system indicates that unconditional stability is obtained, for appropriate values of the regularization parameters, for both the hydrostatic and non‐hydrostatic cases. Furthermore, when these parameters take their optimal values, the stability behaviour of the normal modes is identical to that obtained from a semi‐implicit discretization of the unregularized equations. © Crown Copyright 2006. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of future epidemiological studies on possible health effects of mobile phone base stations
Authors: Neubauer Georg , Feychting Maria , Hamnerius Yngve , Kheifets Leeka , Kuster Niels , Ruiz Ignacio , Schüz Joachim , Überbacher Richard , Wiart Joe , Röösli Martin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe increasing deployment of mobile communication base stations led to an increasing demand for epidemiological studies on possible health effects of radio frequency emissions. The methodological challenges of such studies have been critically evaluated by a panel of scientists in the fields of radiofrequency engineering/dosimetry and epidemiology. Strengths and weaknesses of previous studies have been identified. Dosimetric concepts and crucial aspects in exposure assessment were evaluated in terms of epidemiological studies on different types of outcomes. We conclude that in principle base station epidemiological studies are feasible. However, the exposure contributions from all relevant radio frequency sources have to be taken into account. The applied exposure assessment method should be piloted and validated. Short to medium term effects on physiology or health related quality of life are best investigated by cohort studies. For long term effects, groups with a potential for high exposure need to first be identified; for immediate effect, human laboratory studies are the preferred approach. Bioelectromagnetics 28:224–230, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields on Hsp27, Hsp70, Hsp90 expression in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC)
Authors: Bernardini Chiara , Zannoni Augusta , Turba Maria Elena , Bacci Maria Laura , Forni Monica , Mesirca Pietro , Remondini Daniel , Castellani Gastone , Bersani Ferdinando 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field on Hsp27, Hsp70, and Hsp90 expression in a model of primary culture of porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC). We took into consideration the Hsp profile in terms of mRNA expression, protein expression and protein localization inside the cells. The choice of the cell system was motivated by the involvement of the endothelial cells in the onset of many diseases; moreover, only few reports describe the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) on such cells. ELF‐MF exposure induced an increase in the mRNA levels of the three proteins, which was statistically significant for Hsp70. On the contrary, we did not observe any influence on Hsp27, Hsp70, and Hsp90 protein levels. Analysis in situ by immunofluorescence revealed that ELF‐MF exposure affected the cellular distribution of Hsp27; in particular a partial relocalization in the nucleus was observed. Bioelectromagnetics 28:231–237, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of DNA binding determined in optical tweezers experiments
Authors: McCauley Micah J. , Williams Mark C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe last decade has seen rapid development in single molecule manipulation of RNA and DNA. Measuring the response force for a particular manipulation has allowed the free energies of various nucleic acid structures and configurations to be determined. Optical tweezers represent a class of single molecule experiments that allows the energies and structural dynamics of DNA to be probed up to and beyond the transition from the double helix to its melted single strands. These experiments are capable of high force resolution over a wide dynamic range. Additionally, these investigations may be compared with results obtained when the nucleic acids are in the presence of proteins or other binding ligands. These ligands may bind into the major or minor groove of the double helix, intercalate between bases or associate with an already melted single strand of DNA. By varying solution conditions and the pulling dynamics, energetic and dynamic information may be deduced about the mechanisms of binding to nucleic acids, providing insight into the function of proteins and the utility of drug treatments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85:154–168, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Trends in percutaneous versus surgical revascularization of unprotected left main coronary stenosis in the drug‐eluting stent era—a report from the American College of Cardiology‐National Cardiovascular data registry (ACC‐NCDR)
Authors: Huang Henry W. , Brent Bruce N. , Shaw Richard E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectives:We sought to determine how practice patterns for unprotected left main stenosis have changed with the advent of drug‐eluting stents (DES).Background:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of unprotected left main coronary stenosis has been controversial.Methods:We analyzed data submitted to the American College of Cardiology‐National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC‐NCDR) between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004 from 1,276,582 cardiac catheterizations at 417 institutions. Of these, 53,548 (4.2%) had left main stenosis >50% and no prior CABG. After excluding the unrevascularized, the patient sample (N = 32,562) was analyzed for PCI vs. CABG. Data was stratified by year/quarter, bare metal stent vs. DES, elective vs. urgent/emergent situations, LVEF < or ≥40%, and %left main and RCA stenosis.Results:Of unprotected left main revascularizations from 2002 to 2004, PCI increased from 17.0% to 21.9%, while CABG decreased from 83.0% to 78.1% (P < 0.0001). In 2002, bare metal stents were used for all PCIs; in 2004, bare metal stent use was only 25.5%, while DES use was 74.5% (P < 0.0001). Of elective procedures, PCI rose from 19.1% to 27.5% while CABG fell from 80.9% to 72.5% (P < 0.0001). Similar trends, all significant, were seen in every clinical situation.Conclusions:In the era of DES, the rate of PCI for unprotected left main stenosis has risen, while CABG has declined. These findings are seen across varying clinical situations, including elective procedures. DES have rapidly and largely replaced bare metal stents for PCI of unprotected left mains. However, PCI is still chosen less frequently than CABG for unprotected left main revascularization. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitral valve hemodynamic effects of percutaneous edge‐to‐edge repair with the MitraClip™ device for mitral regurgitation
Authors: Herrmann Howard C. , Rohatgi Sameer , Wasserman Hal S. , Block Peter , Gray William , Hamilton Andrew , Zunamon Alan , Homma Shunichi , Di Tullio Marco R. , Kraybill Kimberly , Merlino John , Martin Randy , Rodriguez Leonardo , Stewart William J. , Whitlow Patrick , Wiegers Susan E. , Silvestry Frank E. , Foster Elyse , Feldman Ted 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIntroduction: The Endovascular Valve Edge‐to‐Edge REpair STudies (EVEREST) are investigating a percutaneous technique for edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair with a repositionable clip. The effects on the mitral valve gradient (MVG) and mitral valve area (MVA) are not known. Methods: Twenty seven patients with moderate to severe or severe mitral regurgitation (MR) were enrolled. Echocardiography was performed preprocedure, at discharge, and at 1, 6, and 12 months. Mean MVG was measured by Doppler and MVA by planimetry and pressure half‐time, and evaluated in a central core laboratory. Pre‐ and postclip deployment, simultaneous left atrial/pulmonary capillary wedge and left ventricular pressures were obtained in eight patients. Results: Three patients did not receive a clip, six patients had their clip(s) explanted by 6 months (none for mitral stenosis), and four were repaired with two clips. Results are notable for a slight increase in mean MVG by Doppler postclip deployment (1.79 ± 0.89 to 3.31 ± 2.09 mm Hg, P < 0.01) and an expected decrease in MVA by planimetry (6.49 ± 1.61 to 4.46 ± 2.14 cm2, P < 0.001) and by pressure half time (4.35 ± 0.98 to 3.01 ± 1.42 cm2, P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in hemodynamic parameters postclip deployment by direct pressure measurements. There was no change in MVA by planimetry from discharge to 12 months (3.90 ± 1.90 to 3.79 ± 1.54 cm2, P = 0.78). Conclusions: Echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements after percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip show an expected decrease in mitral valve area with no evidence of clinically significant mitral stenosis either immediately after clip deployment or after 12 months of follow‐up. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiation‐induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Dirix Piet , Nuyts Sandra , Van den Bogaert Walter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA dry mouth or xerostomia is one of the most common complications during and after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, because irreparable damage is caused to the salivary glands, which are included in the radiation fields. Xerostomia not only significantly impairs the quality of life of potentially cured cancer patients, it may also lead to severe and long‐term oral disorders. Because management of xerostomia is rarely effective, prevention is paramount. Several strategies have been developed to avoid radiation‐induced salivary dysfunction without compromising definitive oncologic treatment. These include salivary gland‐sparing radiation techniques, such as 3‐dimensional conformal or intensity‐modulated radiotherapy, concomitant cytoprotectants, and surgical salivary gland transfer. However, these preventive approaches are not applicable to all patients, and comprehensive scientific research that incorporates new biological insights is warranted to optimize the therapeutic index of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Markers of absorption and synthesis of cholesterol in men with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gylling Helena , Laaksonen David E. , Atalay Mustafa , Hallikainen Maarit , Niskanen Leo , Miettinen Tatu A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground and methodsSerum cholestanol and plant sterol ratios to cholesterol, surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption, are assumed to be high in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and the ratios of cholesterol precursor sterols (markers of synthesis) are assumed to be low reflecting downregulated cholesterol synthesis. To this end, we measured serum sterols with gas‐liquid‐chromatography in 56 men with T1D and in 18 controls to evaluate cholesterol metabolism. Subjects were categorised into tertiles by the cholestanol to cholesterol ratio of controls indicating low to high absorption of cholesterol.ResultsThe ratios of the synthesis markers were negatively related to the absorption markers in controls, but less consistently in T1D. The absorption markers were positively related to each other, but interrelation of the synthesis markers was less consistent in T1D. In the low absorbers the absorption markers were higher in T1D than in controls (e.g. sitosterol ratio 173 ± 9 in T1D vs 135 ± 11 102 × mmol/mol of cholesterol in controls, p < 0.05). In the high absorbers, the absorption markers were similar in T1D and controls, but the synthesis markers were higher in T1D than in controls (e.g. lathosterol ratio 154 ± 10 in T1D vs 120 ± 5 102 × mmol/mol of cholesterol in controls, p < 0.05).ConclusionsAbsorption and synthesis of cholesterol are less closely related to each other in T1D than in controls, but the markers of cholesterol absorption are interrelated also in T1D. Absorption of cholesterol is higher in T1D than in controls within the range of low absorption, but similar in those with relatively high cholesterol absorption. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inverse drug screens: a rapid and inexpensive method for implicating molecular targets
Authors: Adams Dany S. , Levin Michael 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIdentification of gene products that function in some specific process of interest is a common goal in developmental biology. Although use of drug compounds to probe biological systems has a very long history in teratology and toxicology, systematic hierarchical drug screening has not been capitalized upon by the developmental biology community. This “chemical genetics” approach can greatly benefit the study of embryonic and regenerative systems, and we have formalized a strategy for using known pharmacological compounds to implicate specific molecular candidates in any chosen biological phenomenon. Taking advantage of a hierarchical structure that can be imposed on drug reagents in a number of fields such as ion transport, neurotransmitter function, metabolism, and cytoskeleton, any assay can be carried out as a binary search algorithm. This inverse drug screen methodology is much more efficient than exhaustive testing of large numbers of drugs, and reveals the identity of a manageable number of specific molecular candidates that can then be validated and targeted using more expensive and specific molecular reagents. Here, we describe the process of this loss‐of‐function screen and illustrate its use in uncovering novel bioelectrical and serotonergic mechanisms in embryonic patterning. This technique is an inexpensive and rapid complement to existing molecular screening strategies. Moreover, it is applicable to maternal proteins, and model species in which traditional genetic screens are not feasible, significantly extending the opportunities to identify key endogenous players in biological processes. genesis 44:530–540, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.