bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE BOGOMOLOV–MIYAOKA–YAU INEQUALITY FOR LOG CANONICAL SURFACES
Authors: LANGER ADRIAN 
Published: April 2007

Let X be a smooth projective surface of non-negative Kodaira dimension. Bogomolov
[1, Theorem 5] proved that c21 [les ] 4c2.
This was improved to c21 [les ] 3c2 by
Miyaoka [12, Theorem 4] and Yau [19, Theorem 4]. Equality
c21 [les ] 3c2 is attained,
for example, if the universal cover of X is a ball (if κ(X) = 2 then this is the only
possibility). Further generalizations of inequalities for Chern classes for some singular
surfaces with (fractional) boundary were obtained by Sakai [16, Theorem 7.6],
Miyaoka [13, Theorem 1.1], Kobayashi [6, Theorem 2; 7, Theorem 12],
Wahl [18, Main Theorem] and Megyesi [10, Theorem 10.14; 11, Theorem 0.1].In [8] we introduced Chern classes of reflexive sheaves, using Wahl's local Chern
classes of vector bundles on resolutions of surface singularities. Here we apply them
to obtain the following generalization of the Bogomolov–Miyaoka–Yau inequality.
PRIME POWER DEGREE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE SYMMETRIC AND ALTERNATING GROUPS
Authors: BALOG ANTAL , BESSENRODT CHRISTINE , OLSSON JØRN B. , ONO KEN 
Published: April 2007

In 1998, the second author of this paper raised the problem of classifying the
irreducible characters of Sn of prime power degree. Zalesskii proposed the analogous
problem for quasi-simple groups, and he has, in joint work with Malle, made
substantial progress on this latter problem. With the exception of the alternating
groups and their double covers, their work provides a complete solution. In this
article we first classify all the irreducible characters of Sn of prime power degree
(Theorem 2.4), and then we deduce the corresponding classification for the alternating
groups (Theorem 5.1), thus providing the answer for one of the two remaining
families in Zalesskii's problem. This classification has another application in group
theory. With it, we are able to answer, for alternating groups, a question of Huppert:
which simple groups G have the property that there is a prime p for which G has
an irreducible character of p-power degree > 1 and all of the irreducible characters
of G have degrees that are relatively prime to p or are powers of p?The case of the double covers of the symmetric and alternating groups will be dealt
with in a forthcoming paper; in particular, this completes the answer to Zalesskii's
problem.The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, some results on hook lengths in
partitions are proved. These results lead to an algorithm which allows us to show
that every irreducible representation of Sn with prime power degree is labelled by
a partition having a large hook. In Section 3, we obtain a new result concerning
the prime factors of consecutive integers (Theorem 3.4). In Section 4 we prove
Theorem 2.4, the main result. To do so, we combine the algorithm above with
Theorem 3.4 and work of Rasala on minimal degrees. This implies Theorem 2.4 for
large n. To complete the proof, we check that the algorithm terminates appropriately
for small n (that is, those n [les ] 9.25 · 108)
with the aid of a computer. In the last section we derive the classification of irreducible characters of
An of prime power
degree, and we solve Huppert's question for alternating groups.
THE CONVERGENCE OF A CLASS OF QUASIMONOTONE REACTION–DIFFUSION SYSTEMS
Authors: WANG YI , JIANG JIFA 
Published: April 2007

It is proved that every solution of the Neumann initial-boundary problem[formula here]converges to some equilibrium, if the system satisfies
(i) ∂Fi/∂uj [ges ] 0 for all
1 [les ] i ≠ j [les ] n,
(ii) F(u * g(s)) [ges ] h(s) [midast ] F(u)
whenever u ∈ ℝn+ and 0 [les ] s [les ] 1, where x * y
= (x1y1, …, xnyn)
and g, h : [0, 1] → [0, 1]n are
continuous functions satisfying gi(0)
= hi(0) = 0, gi(1) = hi(1)
= 1, 0 < gi(s); hi(s) < 1
for all s ∈ (0, 1) and i = 1, 2, …, n, and
(iii) the solution of the corresponding ordinary differential equation system is bounded in
ℝn+. We also study the convergence of the solution of the Lotka–Volterra system[formula here]where ri > 0, α [ges ] 0, and
aij [ges ] 0 for i ≠ j.
UNIQUENESS OF THE TOPOLOGY ON SPACES OF VECTOR-VALUED FUNCTIONS
Authors: VILLENA A. R. 
Published: April 2007

Let Ω be a topological space without isolated points, let E be a topological linear space which is
continuously embedded into a product of countably boundedly generated topological linear spaces, and
let X be a linear subspace of C(Ω, E). If a ∈ C(Ω)
is not constant on any open subset of Ω and aX ⊂ X,
then it is shown that there is at most one F-space topology on X that makes the multiplication by
a continuous. Furthermore, if [Ufr ] is a subset of C(Ω) which separates strongly the points
of Ω and [Ufr ]X ⊂ X, then it is proved that there is at most one F-space
topology on X that makes the multiplication by a continuous for each a ∈ [Ufr ].These results are applied to the study of the uniqueness of the F-space topology and the continuity of
translation invariant operators on the Banach space L1(G, E) for a noncompact locally compact group G
and a Banach space E. Furthermore, the problems of the uniqueness of the F-algebra topology and the
continuity of epimorphisms and derivations on F-algebras and some algebras of vector-valued functions
are considered.
METRICAL THEOREMS ON PRIME VALUES OF THE INTEGER PARTS OF REAL SEQUENCES II
Authors: HARMAN GLYN 
Published: April 2007

Let [ ] denote the integer part. Among other results in [3] we gave a complete
solution to the following problem.PROBLEM. Given an increasing sequence an ∈ ℝ+,
n = 1, 2, …, where an → ∞ as
n → ∞, are there infinitely many primes in the sequence
[αan] for almost all α?
HYPERSURFACES IN A UNIT SPHERE Sn+1(1) WITH CONSTANT SCALAR CURVATURE
Authors: CHENG QING-MING 
Published: April 2007

The paper considers n-dimensional hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature of a unit sphere Sn−1(1).
The hypersurface Sk(c1)×Sn−k(c2) in a unit sphere Sn+1(1) is characterized, and it is shown that there
exist many compact hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature in a unit sphere Sn+1(1) which are not
congruent to each other in it. In particular, it is proved that if M is an n-dimensional (n > 3) complete
locally conformally flat hypersurface with constant scalar curvature n(n−1)r in a unit sphere Sn+1(1), then r > 1−2/n, and(1) when r ≠ (n−2)/(n−1), ifthen M is isometric to S1(√1−c2)×Sn−1(c), where S is the squared norm of the second fundamental
form of M;(2) there are no complete hypersurfaces in Sn+1(1) with constant scalar curvature n(n−1)r and with
two distinct principal curvatures, one of which is simple, such that r = (n−2)/(n−1) and
Interview with George Lucas
Authors: Lee Newton , Lucas George 
Published: April 2007

In this special January 2007 issue on Interactive Entertainment, the Interviews column features a video interview with George Lucas on October 4th, 2006 at the University of Southern California.
On that same day, George Lucas formally announced his donation of $175 million to the USC School of Cinematic Arts, formerly known as USC School of Cinema-Television. The reason that George Lucas renamed the world-renowned film school is due to the growing importance of interactive media in Hollywood and worldwide.
Computer games have, for many years, captured the attention of Hollywood moguls such as George Lucas and Steven Spielberg. George, Steven, and many supporters of USC have decided that formal education on interactive media and gaming should be given equal priority and funding as traditional movie making and television production. Therefore, instead of appending "Interactive Media" to "Cinema- Television," the USC school simply changed its name to "Cinematic Arts."
The implication for interactive entertainment cannot be understated. George Lucas has essentially proclaimed that interactive media and gaming are a part of cinematic arts. Will there be a George Lucas or Steven Spielberg-like genius in next-generation interactive entertainment that will win an Oscar? You bet there will be in the near future.
In the video interview, you will hear George Lucas' answers to the following questions as well as his comments at the USC School of Cinematic Arts on October 4th:
1. Is your educational foundation "edutopia" doing anything about the digital divide, especially in terms of access to interactive entertainment?
2. One of the themes in all of your movies is human relationship to machines and technology - either controlling them, or being controlled by them. Is that true?
3. What do you think about the future of entertainment technology?
Having and Sharing: Theological Perspectives from India on Consumerism and Exclusion
Authors: Sebastian J. Jayakiran 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article seeks to understand and interpret the theological implications of poverty and prosperity coexisting in a globalized world. After offering examples of the present economic realities and disparities, questions are raised regarding the co-option of the local by the global and of the global by the local, then the specific challenges posed by cultural difference and the quest for partnership in an economically unequal and unjust context are analysed. Through several instances from the history of the early church, the article shows how cultural heterogeneity, material disparity and attention to charity guided the theology and the practice of the early teachers of faith in matters regarding having and sharing. At that time, charity, partnership, and attention to the strangers in their midst were not mere expressions of faith in God, but consequences of the experience of God emerging through that faith.
Epimedium-Derived Phytoestrogen Flavonoids Exert Beneficial Effect on Preventing Bone Loss in Late Postmenopausal Women: A 24-Month Randomized, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Ge , Qin Ling , Shi Yinyu 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Epimedium brevicornum maxim, a nonleguminous medicinal plant, has been found to be rich in phytoestrogen flavonoids. Results from a 24-month randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial showed that Epimedium-derived phytoestrogen flavonoids were able to exert beneficial effects on preventing bone loss in late postmenopausal women, without resulting in a detectable hyperplasia effect on the endometrium.
Introduction: We performed a 24-mo randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial for evaluating the effect of the Epimedium-derived phytoestrogen flavonoids (EPFs) on BMD, bone turnover biochemical markers, serum estradiol, and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women.
Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy late postmenopausal women, with a natural menopausal history within 10 ∼18 yr and with a BMD T-score at the lumbar spine between −2 and −2.5 SD, were randomized into EPF treatment group (n = 50; a daily dose of 60 mg Icariin, 15 mg Daidzein, and 3 mg Genistein) or placebo control group (n = 50). All participants received 300 mg element calcium daily. BMD, bone turnover biochemical markers, serum estradiol, and endometrial thickness were measured at baseline and 12 and 24 mo after intervention.
Results: Eighty-five participants completed the trial. The patterns of BMD changes were significantly different between the EPF treatment group and placebo control group by repeated-measures ANOVA (p = 0.045 for interaction between time and group at femoral neck; p = 0.006 for interaction between time and group at lumbar spine). BMD was found with a decreased tendency in the placebo control group at 12 (femoral neck: −1.4%, p = 0.104; lumbar spine: −1.7%, p = 0.019) and 24 mo (femoral neck: −1.8%, p = 0.048; lumbar spine: −2.4%, p = 0.002), whereas EPF treatment maintained BMD at 12 (femoral neck: 1.1%, p = 0.285; lumbar spine:1.0%, p = 0.158) and 24 mo (femoral neck: 1.6%, p = 0.148; lumbar spine: 1.3%, p = 0.091). The difference in lumbar spine between the two groups was significant at both 12 (p = 0.044) and 24 mo (p = 0.006), whereas the difference in the femoral neck was marginal at 12 mo (p = 0.061) and significant at 24 mo (p = 0.008). Levels of bone biochemical markers did not change in the placebo control group. In contrast, EPF intervention significantly decreased levels of deoxypyrdinoline at 12 (−43%, p = 0.000) and 24 mo (−39%, p = 0.000), except for osteocalcin at 12 (5.6%, p = 0.530) and 24 mo (10.7%, p = 0.267). A significant difference in deoxypyrdinoline between the two groups was found at both 12 (p = 0.000) and 24 mo (p = 0.001). Furthermore, neither serum estradiol nor endometrial thickness was found to be changed in either groups during the clinical trial.
Conclusions: EPFs exert a beneficial effect on preventing bone loss in late postmenopausal women without resulting in a detectable hyperplasia effect on the endometrium.
Bone Remodeling Rate and Remodeling Balance Are Not Co-Regulated in Adulthood: Implications for the Use of Activation Frequency as an Index of Remodeling Rate
Authors: Compston Juliet E , Vedi Shobna , Kaptoge Stephen , Seeman Ego 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Use of activation frequency as a measure of remodeling rate assumes co-regulation of remodeling rate and remodeling balance. In iliac crest biopsy specimens from 57 healthy subjects 19–80 yr of age, no correlations were shown between these variables, an observation that challenges the use of activation frequency as an estimate of remodeling rate.
Introduction: The histomorphometric derivation of activation frequency assumes that the remodeling rate is dependent on the duration of the remodeling cycle and the amount of bone formed in individual remodeling units. This implies that remodeling balance and remodeling rate are co-regulated. We tested this assumption in normal human adult cancellous bone.
Materials and Methods: Relationships between indices of bone formation at the basic multicellular unit (BMU) level (wall width and mineral apposition rate) and indices of remodeling rate (mineralizing perimeter and osteoid perimeter) were examined in iliac crest biopsies obtained from 57 healthy adults (24 men) 19–80 yr of age.
Results: Univariate analysis revealed a negative correlation between wall width and osteoid perimeter (r = −0.38; p = 0.0004), but there was no correlation between wall width and mineralizing perimeter or between mineral apposition rate and either mineralizing or osteoid perimeter. After adjustment for age and sex, the association between wall width and osteoid perimeter was no longer observed. Both wall width and mineral apposition rate correlated negatively with age (r = −0.75, p &lt; 0.0001 and r = −0.27, p = 0.05, respectively).
Conclusions: Our results indicate that remodeling balance and remodeling rate are not co-regulated in adult human bone. Activation frequency, as currently derived from histomorphometric variables, may therefore be unreliable as an indicator of remodeling rate.
Polyethylene Particle–Induced Bone Resorption in α-Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide–Deficient Mice
Authors: Wedemeyer Christian , Neuerburg Carl , Pfeiffer Anne , Heckelei Anja , Bylski David , von Knoch Fabian , Schinke Thorsten , Hilken Gero , Gosheger Georg , von Knoch Marius , Löer Franz , Saxler Guido 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of α-CGRP on bone metabolism after implantation of polyethylene particles. α-CGRP knockout mice showed less osteolysis compared with wildtype mice. The local neurogenic microenvironment might be a crucial factor in particle-induced osteolysis.
Introduction: Periprosthetic osteolysis is the major reason for aseptic loosening in joint arthroplasty. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of α-calcitonin gene–related peptide (α-CGRP) deficiency on bone metabolism under conditions of polyethylene particle–induced osteolysis.
Materials and Methods: We used the murine calvarial osteolysis model based on polyethylene particles in 14 C57BL 6 mice and 14 α-CGRP–deficient mice divided into four groups of 7 mice each. Groups 1 (C57BL/J 6) and 3 (α-CGRP knockout) received sham surgery, and groups 2 (C57BL/J 6) and 4 (α-CGRP knockout) were treated with polyethylene particles. Qualitative and quantitative 3D analyses were performed using μCT. In addition, bone resorption was measured within the midline suture by histological examination. The number of osteoclasts was determined by counting the TRACP+ cells. Calvarial bone was tested for RANKL expression by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.
Results: Bone resorption was significantly reduced in α-CGRP–deficient mice compared with their corresponding wildtype C57BL 6 mice as confirmed by histomorphometric data (p &lt; 0.001) and μCT (p &lt; 0.01). Osteoclast numbers were significantly reduced in group 3 and the particle subgroup compared with group 1 (p &lt; 0.001). We observed a &gt;3-fold increase of basal RANKL mRNA levels within group 1 compared with group 3. Additional low RANKL immunochemistry staining was noted in groups 3 and 4.
Conclusions: In conclusion, α-CGRP knockout mice did not show the expected extended osteolysis compared with wildtype mice expressing α-CGRP. One of the most reasonable explanations for the observed decrease in osteolysis could be linked to the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANK/RANKL system in α-CGRP–deficient animals. As a consequence, the fine tuning of osteoclasts mediating resorption in α-CGRP–null mice may be deregulated.
Hemopoietic Stem Cells with Higher Hemopoietic Potential Reside at the Bone Marrow Endosteum
Authors: Haylock David N. , Williams Brenda , Johnston Hayley M. , Liu Mira C.P. , Rutherford Kate E. , Whitty Genevieve A. , Simmons Paul J. , Bertoncello Ivan , Nilsson Susan K. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
It is now evident that hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) are located in close proximity to bone lining cells within the endosteum. Accordingly, it is unlikely that the traditional method for harvesting bone marrow (BM) from mice by simply flushing long bones would result in optimal recovery of HSC. With this in mind, we have developed improved methodologies based on sequential grinding and enzymatic digestion of murine bone tissue to harvest higher numbers of BM cells and HSC from the endosteal and central marrow regions. This methodology resulted in up to a sixfold greater recovery of primitive hemopoietic cells (lineage−Sca+Kit+ [LSK] cells) and HSC as shown by transplant studies. HSC from different anatomical regions of the marrow exhibited important functional differences. Compared with their central marrow counterparts, HSC isolated from the endosteal region (a) had 1.8-fold greater proliferative potential, (b) exhibited almost twofold greater ability to home to the BM following tail vein injection and to lodge in the endosteal region, and (c) demonstrated significantly greater long-term hemopoietic reconstitution potential as shown using limiting dilution competitive transplant assays.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Concise Review: Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells—Basic and Clinical Implications for Novel Cell-Based Therapies
Authors: Schäffler Andreas , Büchler Christa 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Compared with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSC) do have an equal potential to differentiate into cells and tissues of mesodermal origin, such as adipocytes, cartilage, bone, and skeletal muscle. However, the easy and repeatable access to subcutaneous adipose tissue and the simple isolation procedures provide a clear advantage. Since extensive reviews focusing exclusively on ADSC are rare, it is the aim of this review to describe the preparation and isolation procedures for ADSC, to summarize the molecular characterization of ADSC, to describe the differentiation capacity of ADSC, and to discuss the mechanisms and future role of ADSC in cell therapy and tissue engineering. An initial effort has also been made to differentiate ADSC into hepatocytes, endocrine pancreatic cells, neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and endothelial/vascular cells. Whereas the lineage-specific differentiation into cells of mesodermal origin is well understood on a molecular basis, the molecular key events and transcription factors that initially allocate the ADSC to a lineage-specific differentiation are almost completely unknown. Decoding these molecular mechanisms is a prerequisite for developing novel cell therapies.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Baculoviral Vector-Mediated Transient and Stable Transgene Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Zeng Jieming , Du Juan , Zhao Ying , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Wang Shu 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells as a renewable cell source have great prospective applications in both developmental biology research and regenerative medicine. To realize these potentials, the development of effective and safe genetic manipulation methods in hES cells is an obvious demand. We report here that baculoviral vectors were able to transduce hES cells efficiently. In transient transduction experiments, a recombinant baculoviral vector equipped with a human elongation factor 1-α promoter and a woodchuck hepatitis post-transcriptional regulatory element transduced up to 80% of cells in hES cell clumps and embryoid bodies. For prolonged transgene expression, hybrid baculoviral vectors that have incorporated a rep gene and inverted terminal repeat sequences from adeno-associated virus were produced. These hybrid vectors yielded stable transgene expression during the prolonged undifferentiated proliferation of hES cells and after differentiation. Baculoviral transduction did not affect the normal growth, phenotype, and pluripotency of hES cells. Thus, baculoviral vectors suitable for both transient overexpression and long-term stable expression are an attractive option for genetic manipulation of hES cells.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
In situ-based effects measures: Considerations for improving methods and approaches
Authors: Liber Karsten , Goodfellow William , den Besten Pieter , Clements Will , Galloway Tamara , Gerhardt Almut , Green Andrew , Simpson Stuart 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
In situ-based effects measures have gained increased acceptance as a means to improve the link between cause and effect in aquatic ecotoxicological studies. These approaches have primarily been employed where more conventional laboratory tests with field collected samples and routine in-field community surveys have failed to provide reasonable answers with respect to causes of toxicity, primary routes of contaminant exposure, and what constitutes ecotoxicologically relevant contaminant levels, at least at a site-specific level. One of the main advantages provided by in situ tests compared to more conventional field-based monitoring approaches is that they provide better control over stressor exposure to a defined population of test animals under natural or near-natural field conditions. In situ techniques can also be used to avoid artifacts related to sampling, transport and storage of contaminated water and sediment intended for laboratory-based toxicity assessment. In short, they can reduce the need for laboratory to field extrapolation and, when conducted properly, in situ tests can provide improved diagnostic ability and high ecological relevance. This paper provides suggestions and considerations for designing in situ studies, choosing test species and test endpoints, avoiding or minimizing test artifacts, best addressing some of the limitations of in situ test techniques, and generally improving the overall quality of the in situ approach chosen.