bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative cognitive impairment and postoperative delirium among Holocaust survivors who achieved longevity
Authors: Weiss Yotam , Zarour Shiri , Kiselevich Yossef , Abu Ghanim Maher , Hikry Daniel , Sinai Brzezinski Isaac , Zac Lilach , Cohen Barak , Matot Idit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHolocaust survivors (HS) experience higher rates of physiological and psychological morbidities, increasing their vulnerability to perioperative complications. Limited information exists regarding their perioperative neurocognitive disorders. This study aimed to assess the rates of preoperative cognitive impairment, postoperative delirium, and other complications among HS aged 75+ undergoing elective surgery.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective cohort study that analyzed prospectively collected data. All surgical patients born before 1945 who underwent elective noncardiac surgery at a tertiary hospital in Israel during 2020–2021 were included. The HS group was identified through the hospital's information system. Preoperative cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini‐Cog test. Postoperative delirium was defined as a combined outcome, which included a positive 4A's‐Test (4AT) result during the postanesthesia care unit stay up to the second postoperative day, a positive 3‐Minute Diagnostic Confusion Assessment Method (3D‐CAM) test administered by the geriatric team, and identification through the medical records using the Chart‐based Delirium Identification Instrument (CHART‐DEL). We used multivariable regression to assess the risk factors for postoperative delirium.ResultsOut of 1332 eligible patients, 422 (32%) were HS, while the others served as controls. Both groups had a similar rate of preoperative cognitive impairment (24%, p = 0.89) and postoperative delirium (16%, p = 0.95). HS exhibited a higher risk of the composite adverse events (24% vs. 20%, p = 0.05, aOR [95% CI] 1.3 [1.0–1.7]), driven mainly by falls during hospitalization (4% vs. 2%, p = 0.03, aOR 2.1 [1.1–4.1]). HS patients were more likely to be childless (33% vs. 11%, p = 0.001) and had higher rates of chronic antidepressant and benzodiazepine use.ConclusionsHS achieving longevity do not face increased risks of preoperative cognitive impairment and postoperative delirium. However, special care is still warranted due to their elevated rate of other complications during hospitalization.
Effects of prednisolone on 1,2‐O‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero glutaric acid‐(60‐methylresorufin) ester‐lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in healthy cats
Authors: Pacheva Militsa , Brugger Daniel , Riond Barbara , Dennler Matthias , Kook Peter Hendrik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCorticosteroids are among the most commonly used drugs in cats and are increasingly discussed as a treatment for feline pancreatitis. However, its effects on serum lipase in healthy cats remain unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of prednisolone on serum lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) in cats.AnimalsSeven clinically healthy colony cats, aged 4 to 7 years, with unremarkable CBC/biochemistry panel were studied.MethodsProspective study: Prednisolone (1.1‐1.5 mg/kg, median 1.28 mg/kg PO) was given daily for 7 consecutive days. Lipase activity (LIPC Roche; RI, 8‐26 U/L) and PLI (Spec fPL; RI, 0‐3.5 μg/L) were determined at day 1 before first treatment and at days 2, 3, 8, 10, and 14. Cats were examined daily. An a priori power analysis indicated that 6 cats were needed to find a biological relevant effect at 1‐β = 0.8. Statistical analyses comprised the Friedman test, random intercept regression, and repeated‐measures linear regression.ResultsMedian (range) day 1 lipase activities and PLI were 22 U/L (14‐52 U/L) and 3.2 μg/L (2.3‐15.7 μg/L). One cat with abnormally high lipase activity (52 U/L) and PLI (15.7 μg/L) at day 1 continued having elevated lipase activities and PLI throughout the study. Lipase activities and PLI concentrations did not differ significantly among time points regardless of whether the cat with elevated values was included or not. All cats remained healthy throughout the study.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAdministration of prednisolone in anti‐inflammatory doses does not significantly increase serum lipase activity and PLI concentration.
Perilous Evolutionary Paths of Industrial Policy in a Developmental Context: Evidence from the Chinese Medical Industry
Authors: Zhang Wei , He Canfei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIndustrial policy, as one of the most potent weapons employed by governments, is recommended to adhere to the principles of high relatedness and high economic complexity, which can minimize risks and maximize returns. However, this approach may not be optimal in developing countries with poor industrial bases, limited innovative capabilities and weak institutional frameworks. Based on relatedness and economic complexity, this study illustrates the evolution paths of industrial policy in China and identifies underlying influencing factors deciding the patterns of policymaking. Different from developed countries, it takes several steps for developing countries to reach the final target, the smart specialization approach, instead of one‐step jumping. Moreover, industrial policy is not always the panacea, and the effects of industrial policy vary depending on local contexts. In sum, this study extends research towards the complex co‐evolution process of policy and industries in developing countries and provides more insights for policymaking.
Long-term outcomes of glued (sutureless) amniotic membrane transplantation in acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: a comparative study
Authors: Rashad Ramy , Kwan James T , Shanbhag Swapna S , Ngowyutagon Panotsom , Saeed Musa , Tahboub Mohammad A , Haseeb Abid , Chodosh James , Saeed Hajirah N 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
To compare the effectiveness and efficiency of a glued (sutureless) technique for amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) with a traditional sutured one in the setting of acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study evaluated all patients diagnosed with SJS/TEN between 2008 and 2020 within our hospital network who received AMT in the acute phase according to our protocol and had at least one ophthalmic follow-up in the chronic phase. Primary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the most recent visit, presence of a severe ocular complication (SOC) via predefined criteria, time to procedure and duration of procedure. Random effects model analysis was used to evaluate the impact of potential covariates on outcome measures.

Results
A total of 23 patients (45 eyes) were included: 14 patients (27 eyes) in the AMT suture group and 9 patients (18 eyes) in the AMT glue group. There was no difference between the two groups in BCVA at the most recent visit (p=0.5112) or development of a SOC (p=1.000). The glue method was shorter in duration than the suture method (p<0.001). Random effects model additionally indicated that there was no difference in BCVA at most recent follow-up between patients who had received glued versus sutured AMT (p=0.1460).

Conclusions
Our glued technique for AMT is as effective as our sutured technique in stabilising the ocular surface and mitigating chronic ocular complications in SJS/TEN. The glued technique is also shorter in duration and performed more expediently than the sutured technique.
Maintaining essential health services during COVID-19 in Ghana: a qualitative study
Authors: Yeboah Isaac , Dwomoh Duah , Ndejjo Rawlance , Kabwama Steven Ndugwa , Ohemeng Fidelia , Takyi Sylvia Akpene , Issah Ibrahim , Bawuah Serwaa Akoto , Wanyenze Rhoda Kitti , Fobil Julius 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionEvidence suggests that non-pharmaceutical interventions such as lockdown policies, restriction of movement and physical distancing to control the novel COVID-19 contributed to the decline in utilisation of essential health services. We explored healthcare providers’ and policy-makers’ experiences of the barriers, interventions and response actions that contributed to ensuring the continuity of essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana to help inform future practice and policy.MethodsWe used a qualitative study approach. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Thirty Four participants composed of 20 healthcare providers and 14 policy-makers who worked across regions with low and high recorded COVID-19 cases in Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic were involved in this study.ResultsParticipants reported that essential health services including maternal, reproductive and child health services, communicable and non-communicable disease care, and elective surgeries were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Barriers to the utilisation of essential services were constructed into three subthemes: (1) fear, (2) poor quality of care at the facility and (3) financial limitation. These barriers were mitigated with population-based interventions underpinned by the socioecological model at the individual and interpersonal level (including psychosocial care for families and home visits), institutional and community levels (such as allocation of funds, training of health workers, public education, triage stations, provision of logistics, appointment scheduling, telemedicine and redeployment of health workers) and public policy level (tax relief packages, transportation arrangements and provision of incentives), which helped in maintaining essential health services during COVID-19.ConclusionDisruption of essential health services during COVID-19 in Ghana instigated population-based interventions which aided in expanding the populations’ continuous access to essential health services and strengthened health service delivery.
RE-OPEN: Randomised trial of biosimilar TNK versus TPA during endovascular therapy for acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions
Authors: Bhatia Rohit , Srivastava MV Padma , Fatima Saman , Sarkar Risha , Longkumer Imnameren , Gaikwad Shailesh , Devaranjan Leve S Joseph , Garg Ajay , Durai Pandian Jeyaraj , Khurana Dheeraj , Sylaja PN , Jain Shweta , Arora Deepti , Dhasan Aneesh , Aaron Sanjith , Miraclin Angel T , Vijaya Pamidimukkala , Rajendran Srijithesh P , Roy Jayanta , Ray Biman Kanti , Nambiar Vivek , Alapatt Paul J , Sharma Meenakshi 
Published: March 2024

RationaleRapid and timely treatment with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and large vessel occlusion (LVO) significantly improves patient outcomes. Bridging therapy is the current standard of care in these patients. However, an incompletely answered question is whether one thrombolytic agent is better than another during bridging therapy.AimThe current study aims to understand if one thrombolytic agent is superior to the other during bridging therapy in the treatment of AIS and LVO.Sample size estimatesUsing 80% power and an alpha error of 5 %, presuming a 10% drop out rate, a total of 372 patients will be recruited for the study.Methods and designThis study is a prospective, randomised, multicentre, open-label trial with blinded outcome analysis design.Study outcomesTheprimary outcomesinclude proportion of patients who will be independent at 3 months (modified Rankin score (mRS) ≤2 as good outcome) and proportion of patients who achieve recanalisation modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade 2b/3 at first angiography run at the end of EVT.Secondary outcomesinclude proportion of patients with early neurological improvement, rate of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), rate of any ICH, rate of any systemic major or minor bleeding and duration of hospital stay.Safety outcomesinclude any intracranial bleeding or symptomatic ICH.DiscussionThis trial is envisioned to confirm the theoretical advantages and increase the strength and quality of evidence for use of tenecteplase (TNK) in practice. Also, it will help to generate data on the efficacy and safety of biosimilar TNK.Trial registration numberCTRI/2022/01/039473.
Internalisation of neutrophils extracellular traps by macrophages aggravate rheumatoid arthritis via Rab5a
Authors: Ye Haixin , Yang Qian , Guo Huaxia , Wang Xing , Cheng Lifang , Han Bingqi , Hong Mukeng , Ma Fopei , Li Meng , Wu Xianghui , Chen Feilong , Zhu Junqing , Chen Shixian , Zheng Songyuan , Li Juan 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesAlthough elevated levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the role of NETs in RA and the relationship between NETs and macrophages in the pathogenesis of RA requires further research. Here, we sought to determine the role of NETs in RA pathogenesis and reveal the potential mechanism.MethodsNeutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA were measured in human serum and synovium. NETs inhibitor GSK484 was used to examine whether NETs involved with RA progression. We stimulated macrophages with NETs and detected internalisation-related proteins to investigate whether NETs entry into macrophages and induced inflammatory cytokines secretion through internalisation. To reveal mechanisms mediating NETs-induced inflammation aggravation, we silenced GTPases involved in internalisation and inflammatory pathways in vivo and in vitro and detected downstream inflammatory pathways.ResultsSerum and synovium from patients with RA showed a significant increase in NE and MPO, which positively correlated to disease activity. Inhibiting NETs formation alleviated the collagen-induced arthritis severity. In vitro, NETs are internalised by macrophages and located in early endosomes. Rab 5a was identified as the key mediator of the NETs internalisation and inflammatory cytokines secretion. Rab 5a knockout mice exhibited arthritis alleviation. Moreover, we found that NE contained in NETs activated the Rab5a-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway and promoted the inflammatory cytokines secretion in macrophages.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that NETs-induced macrophages inflammation to aggravate RA in Rab 5a dependent manner. Mechanically, Rab5a mediated internalisation of NETs by macrophages and NE contained in NETs promoted macrophages inflammatory cytokines secretion through NF-κB-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signal pathway. Therapeutic targeting Rab 5a or NE might extend novel strategies to minimise inflammation in RA.
Risk of serious infection associated with different classes of targeted therapies used in psoriatic arthritis: a nationwide cohort study from the French Health Insurance Database (SNDS)
Authors: Bastard Léa , Claudepierre Pascal , Penso Laetitia , Sbidian Emilie , Pina Vegas Laura 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of serious infection associated with different targeted therapies for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in real-world settings.MethodsThis nationwide cohort study used the administrative healthcare database of the French health insurance scheme linked to the hospital discharge database to identify all adults with PsA who were new users of targeted therapies (adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab pegol, infliximab, secukinumab, ixekizumab, ustekinumab, and tofacitinib) from 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2021. The primary outcome was a serious infection (ie, requiring hospitalisation), in a time-to-event analysis using propensity score-weighted Cox models, with adalimumab as the comparator, estimating weighted HRs (wHRs) and their 95% CIs.ResultsA total of 12 071 patients were included (mean age 48.7±12.7 years; 6965 (57.7%) women). We identified 367 serious infections (3.0% of patients), with a crude incidence rate of 17.0 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 15.2 to 18.7). After inverse propensity score weighting and adjustment for time-dependent covariates and calendar year, risk of serious infection was significantly lower for new users of etanercept (wHR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.97) or ustekinumab (wHR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.93) than adalimumab new users. This risk was not statistically modified with the other targeted therapies.ConclusionsThe incidence of serious infection was low for PsA patients who were new users of targeted therapies in real-world settings. Relative to adalimumab new users, this risk was lower among new users of etanercept and ustekinumab and unmodified for the other molecules.
Serum cytokine biosignatures for identification of tuberculosis among HIV-positive inpatients
Authors: Zhang Huihua , Li LingHua , Liu YanXia , Xiao Wei , Xu RuiYao , Lu MengRu , Hao WenBiao , Gao YuChi , Tang Xiaoping , Dai Youchao 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundSerum cytokines correlate with tuberculosis (TB) progression and are predictors of TB recurrence in people living with HIV. We investigated whether serum cytokine biosignatures could diagnose TB among HIV-positive inpatients.MethodsWe recruited HIV-positive inpatients with symptoms of TB and measured serum levels of inflammation biomarkers including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). We then built and tested our TB prediction model.Results236 HIV-positive inpatients were enrolled in the first cohort and all the inflammation biomarkers were significantly higher in participants with microbiologically confirmed TB than those without TB. A binary support vector machine (SVM) model was built, incorporating the data of four biomarkers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ). Efficacy of the SVM model was assessed in training (n=189) and validation (n=47) sets with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.96) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.97), respectively. In an independent test set (n=110), the SVM model yielded an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.94) with 78% (95% CI 68% to 87%) specificity and 85% (95% CI 66% to 96%) sensitivity. Moreover, the SVM model outperformed interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) among advanced HIV-positive inpatients irrespective of CD4+T-cell counts, which may be an alternative approach for identifyingMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection among HIV-positive inpatients with negative IGRA.ConclusionsThe four-cytokine biosignature model successfully identified TB among HIV-positive inpatients. This diagnostic model may be an alternative approach to diagnose TB in advanced HIV-positive inpatients with low CD4+T-cell counts.
A computational investigation of the thermodynamics and kinetics of multiple single-step electron transfers of various Ni- and chalcogen-containing complexes
Authors: Broome Joshua A. , Xiang Lily , Murray Tyler , Zaliskyy Roman , Bushnell Eric A.C. 
Published: March 2024

Continued increase in green house gas emissions will lead to irreversible and unpredictable damage to the environment and biosphere. CO2 alone contributes to about two-thirds of the energy imbalance causing climate change. The bulk of these CO2 emissions can be traced to fossil fuels, which presently account for 82% of this green house gas. Developing effective renewable–alternative fuel sources is crucial to mitigate the harmful effects of fossil fuels. One such alternative fuel source is molecular hydrogen, which can be produced by the photocatalytic splitting of water using metal-based catalysts. This study investigates the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with single-step protonations and reductions of Ni[(S2C2H2)(N2C2H4)], Ni[(Se2C2H2)(N2C2H4)], and Ni[(Te2C2H2)(N2C2H4)] complexes using density functional theory. Results found diselenolene to be the least endergonic for the formation of the triply reduced, doubly protonated species with a Gibbs protonation energy of 79.6 kJ mol−1. Ditellurolene and dithiolene were slightly more endergonic with Gibbs protonation energies of 87.7 and 91.6 kJ mol−1, respectively. The most thermodynamically favorable pathways were found to be the ECCEE pathway for dithiolene and diselenolene, whereas the CECEE mechanism was found to be most favorable for ditellurolene. Kinetically, it was found that there were two feasible pathways for all three complexes. The first was a CCEEE pathway and the second was a CECEE pathway. All complexes were found to have similar Gibbs activation energies.
Simulating $Z_{2}$ lattice gauge theory with the variational quantum thermalizer
Authors: Fromm Michael , Philipsen Owe , Spannowsky Michael , Winterowd Christopher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe properties of strongly-coupled lattice gauge theories at finite density as well as in real time have largely eluded first-principles studies on the lattice. This is due to the failure of importance sampling for systems with a complex action. An alternative to evade the sign problem is quantum simulation. Although still in its infancy, a lot of progress has been made in devising algorithms to address these problems. In particular, recent efforts have addressed the question of how to produce thermal Gibbs states on a quantum computer. In this study, we apply a variational quantum algorithm to a low-dimensional model which has a local abelian gauge symmetry. We demonstrate how this approach can be applied to obtain information regarding the phase diagram as well as unequal-time correlation functions at non-zero temperature.
The impact of molybdenum and tungsten co-doping on the physical properties of CeO2: First-principles calculations
Authors: Bouhlala Aicha , Doghmane Malika , Halais Wissem Tayeb , Chettibi Sabah 
Published: March 2024

In this study, the WIEN2k code, utilizing the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) approach within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), explicitly employing the PBEsol approximation, is employed to investigate the fundamental properties of W-doped and (Mo, W) co-doped cubic CeO2. Herein, lattice constants, bulk modulus and cell volumes were evaluated for structural properties. The total density of states (TDOS) for various doped and co-doped CeO2 systems was used to explain the origin of magnetic behavior. The band structure (BS) calculations show that the doped and co-doped materials exhibit semiconductor behavior with a direct bandgap in both spin channels. The calculated total spin magnetic moments of W/CeO2 and (Mo, W)/CeO2 alloys are 2.002[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and 4.007[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] respectively. Furthermore, the optical absorption shows absorption peaks in the visible range and a redshift. As a result, adding molybdenum and tungsten additives improves the electro-optical properties of previous materials.