bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a stable dual cell‐line GFP expression system to study estrogenic endocrine disruptors
Authors: Xu Hui , Kraus W. Lee , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEnvironmental estrogenic endocrine disruptors are a health concern. Here we constructed a dual cell‐line green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression system to identify and study endocrine disrupting compounds with activities of estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. Human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells and endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa cells were infected with a two tandem estrogen response elements—E4 promoter‐GFP reporter gene construct. The use of GFP reporter enabled direct and simple evaluations of cell responses. GFP intensity in stably transfected MCF7‐GFP and Ishikawa‐GFP cells was dose‐responsive to 17‐beta‐estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, 2‐hydroxyestradiol, and environmental toxins bisphenol A, genistein and o–p′‐DDT. Raloxifene and tamoxifen were effective antiestrogens in MCF7‐GFP cells, but acted as partial estrogen receptor agonists in Ishikawa‐GFP cells at concentrations of 0.1 nM and above. No synergistic effect was observed in chemical combinations between organochlorine pesticides methoxychlor, o–p′‐DDT, p–p′‐DDT, nor between estradiol and estrone. In summary, for the first time the effects of estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists were compared between mammary and endometrial cancer cells both stably expressing identical plasmids with GFP reporter genes under the control of tandem estrogen response elements. This dual cell‐line system provides a rapid method and sensitive assay to identify environmental estrogens, antiestrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators and to study their tissue specific effects and chemical interactions. Such a system is especially useful for direct and parallel toxicity assessments with a microfluidic cell culture device. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 1276–1287. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of benzophenone‐3, retinol and retinyl acetate in pig ear skin layers by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Padula C. , Campana N. , Santi P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA new and simple HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of benzophenone‐3, retinol and retinyl acetate in pig ear skin layers and percutaneous penetration samples after in vitro permeation experiments. HPLC analysis was performed utilizing a NovaPak® C18 column with acetonitrile–water–acetic acid as mobile phase. UV detection was at 325 nm and the run time was 25 min. The detector response was found to be accurate, precise and linear across the analytical range. Analyte extraction from skin layers was done with methanol from the stratum corneum and epidermis, and with acetone from the dermis. Recovery was in all cases better than 90%. The HPLC assay and extraction procedure proposed are simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. The method was then applied for the determination of benzophenone‐3, retinol and retinyl acetate in pig ear skin layers after topical application. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mend of the bend—Flexor pollicis longus tendon has an additional pulley distal to its point of angulation
Authors: Chin Kuen Foo , Khalid Mohamed , Gogi Nitish , Fussey Jonathan , Shanahan Donal , Deshmukh Subodh 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe tendon of flexor pollicis longus angulates at the trapezio‐metacarpal joint level. The degree of angulation varies with extent of radial/ulnar deviation (Rack and Ross [1984] J. Physiol. 351:99–110). We report a fibrous pulley at this level that helps stabilize the tendon and facilitates its action. The morphology of the pulley is described. We believe that it has an important role to play in the unique function of the tendon facilitating the movement of the thumb perpendicular to the plane of the thumbnail. Clin. Anat. 21:427–432, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palatal asymmetry during development: An anatomical study
Authors: Moreira R.S. , Sgrott E.A. , Stuker H. , Alonso L.G. , Smith R.L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate hard palate asymmetry during development. The palates of 248 dry skulls were photographed and evaluated digitally. The skulls were divided into seven groups: fetus, newborn, infant, child, adolescent, adult, and aged. Linear measures were obtained from great palatine foramen (GPF) to incisive fossa (INC) and to posterior nasal spine (PNS). Angular measures were obtained from the former landmarks plus the point on sutures intersection between maxillary and palatine bones. Asymmetry was evaluated intra and intergroups. All skulls showed some degree of right–left asymmetry in the hard palate. Regardless of hard palate asymmetry, none of the right–left side differences was statistically significant. For the intergroups assessment, none of the asymmetry index means were statistically different. The posterior part of palate (PNS × GPF) measures was more asymmetric than the anterior part (INC × GPF), showing, respectively, 4.6% and 2.8% of mean asymmetry index. Angular measures showed a more symmetric behavior than the linear ones. Hard palate asymmetry occurs even in the absence of masticatory function, showing that this feature begins early in fetal life and persists through development. Clin. Anat. 21:398–404, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Boundaries between subsegments IVa and IVb in the human liver
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Fei , Yu Sheng‐Bo , Liu Jie , Liu Xue‐Jing , Sui Hong‐Jin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUntil now there has been no definitive anatomical study of the boundary between hepatic subsegments IVa and IVb. In this study, we used a multicolor segmental corrosion cast technique and a multicolor segmental technique on plastinated slices, in combination with helical CT three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction on 15 donated fresh isolated human liver specimens. The corrosion cast technique was carried out on eight of these specimens, and the remaining seven livers were used to make horizontal plastinated slices. Examination of these specimens and observation of 20 additional liver corrosion cast specimens showed that all boundaries between hepatic segments were complex, undulating scissures rather than simple, flat planes. We also found that there was an obvious boundary between subsegments IVa and IVb, such that subsegment IVa laid posterosuperior to subsegment IVb. A tributary of a hepatic vein passed through the boundary between subsegments IVa and IVb, and could serve as an anatomical landmark of this boundary. Clin. Anat. 21:439–446, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The supraodontoid space or “apical cave” at the craniocervical junction: A microdissection study
Authors: Haffajee M.R. , Thompson C. , Govender S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe extradural supraodontoid space lies anteriorly at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) between the alar ligaments and foramen magnum. It occupies the space between the tectorial and atlanto‐occipital membranes. A variety of benign and traumatic lesions may result in neurological compression here with harmful effects. Decompression by the transoral surgical approach often provides relief from these effects. Knowledge of the detailed microanatomy of this space is fragmentary. The purpose of this study was to identify the boundaries and contents of this space by microdissection. Twenty‐three en bloc preserved adult cadaveric specimens of the CCJ were dissected to identify the boundaries and contents of the supraodontoid space. The posterior bony elements of the CCJ were removed to enable microdissection (Zeiss DXE Microscope 4–40×) from the tectorial membrane (TM) forwards. The cave‐like space faced posteriorly. It had a roof which extended into a wall (anterior atlanto‐occipital membrane), a floor (superior surface of the alar ligament), and a mouth covered by the TM. The apical ligament and a thin lining membranous fatty layer divided the cave into a pair of symmetrical halves. The contents, from dorsal to ventral, lay deep to a thin subtectorial membrane. These were the superior fasciculus of the cruciate ligament, a fat‐ensheathed knot of plexiform veins (which communicated with the surrounding CCJ vertebral venous plexuses), an arterial arcade between the veins, a pair of fat pads, and branches of the sinuvertebral nerves of the CCJ (lying on the floor). No synovial membrane was found. Knowledge of the anatomy of the apical cave may be of some assistance in transoral (extra‐ and transdural) surgical approaches to the anterior CCJ region. Clin. Anat. 21:405–415, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proximal great saphenous vein cut down: An evaluation of techniques and anatomical considerations
Authors: Briers N. , Morris I. , Boon J.M. , Meiring J.H. , Franz R.C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCut‐down techniques by which emergency venous access can be achieved are important, particularly, in the resuscitation of haemodynamically depleted patients where percutaneous access to collapsed veins is a problem. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of different methods that are used to locate the proximal great saphenous vein in the thigh and to describe the vein's immediate course. A further component was to identify the position of the valves in the proximal great saphenous vein. Needles were placed in 42 cadaver thighs as defined by the techniques identified from the literature and surgical practice. After a detailed dissection, the vein's relation to these needles was measured and the course of the vein and number of valves noted in relation to easily identifiable landmarks. Landmarks in 2.5‐cm intervals on a line from the pubic tubercle to the adductor tubercle of the femur were used. The rule of two's, an experimental method by one of the authors, along with Dronen's second method localized the vein most successfully. The course of the vein was scrutinized and found to have a rather direct course as it proceeded medially toward the saphenous hiatus. The largest population of valves could be found in the proximal 5 cm (76%) with a valve in the confluence of the great saphenous vein and the femoral vein being the most common. Valve populations were found to decrease in number from proximal to distal, which would have implications with the placement of catheters into the vein for fluid resuscitation. Clin. Anat. 21:453–460, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Left ventricular anatomy: Its nomenclature, segmentation, and planes of imaging
Authors: Partridge John B. , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe American Heart Association recommends a model of the left ventricular myocardium based on 17 segments. The model is accepted and used by imagers in nuclear medicine, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and, more recently, in computed tomography. Some problems persist with the orientation and presentation of the planar imaging views between the modalities and with their registration with the segmental model. These problems would be eased if the “anterior” wall were to be called the superior wall, which is attitudinally correct. It would follow that the “anterior descending” and “posterior descending” arteries would be known as the superior and inferior interventricular arteries. This is also more correct anatomically, as is the need to describe the papillary muscles of the mitral valve as being positioned superiorly and inferiorly. In this review, we discuss these currently existing problems and make a plea for more stringent description and display of the planes used in imaging. Clin. Anat. 22:77–84, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Callosal branches of the anterior cerebral artery: An anatomical report
Authors: Kahilogullari G. , Comert A. , Arslan M. , Esmer A.F. , Tuccar E. , Elhan A. , Tubbs R.S. , Ugur H.C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlthough the morphology of the corpus callosum is well defined, the arterial supply of this structure has not been comprehensively studied. To elucidate this further, 40 cerebral hemispheres from 30 adult cadaveric brains were obtained. The anterior cerebral arteries were cannulated and injected with red latex. The following were observed and documented: (1) the number, diameter, and course of the arteries supplying the corpus callosum; (2) the territories vascularized by these arteries; (3) any variations of the callosal arteries. Short callosal arteries were present in 58 hemispheres (96.6%) and supplied the superficial surface of the corpus callosum along its midline and were a primary arterial source to this structure. Long callosal arteries were found in 28 hemispheres (46.6%) and contributed to the pial plexus. The cingulocallosal arteries were present in all hemispheres and supplied the corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, and also contributed to the pericallosal pial plexus. The recurrent cingulocallosal arteries were present in 17 hemispheres (28.3%) and also contributed to the pericallosal pial plexus. The median callosal artery, an anatomical variation, was present in 10 brains (33.3%). This vessel supplied the corpus callosum and the cingulate gyrus. The aim of the present study was to provide a detailed description of the arteries supplying the corpus callosum for those who encounter these vessels radiologically or surgically. Clin. Anat. 21:383–388, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural Control of the Horizontal Double Fixation of Oligothiophenes on Gold
Authors: Tran Truong Khoa , Oçafrain Maïténa , Karpe Sandrine , Blanchard Philippe , Roncali Jean , Lenfant Stéphane , Godey Sylvie , Vuillaume Dominique 
Published: June 2008

AbstractQuaterthiophenes bearing one (1) or two (2) alkanethiol chains attached at the internal β‐position of the outermost thiophene ring through a sulfide linkage have been synthesized. Cyclic voltammetric analysis of their electrochemical behavior in solution suggests that electrooxidation of the doubly substituted oligomer 2 leads to electrodeposition of a poly(disulfide) on the anode surface. Monolayers of 1 or 2 on gold surfaces have been investigated and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, ellipsometry, contact angle measurement, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results of these investigations indicate that introduction of two thiol groups in the structure leads to double fixation of the oligothiophene chain with the main axis of the conjugated system oriented parallel to the surface. The effects of single versus double fixation of the quaterthiophene chain on the electrochemical properties and stability of the corresponding monolayers are discussed.
1,2,4‐Triazolium‐Cation‐Based Energetic Salts
Authors: Darwich Chaza , Klapötke Thomas M. , Sabaté Carles Miró 
Published: June 2008

Abstract3,4,5‐Triamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (guanazine, 1) can be readily methylated with methyl iodide yielding methylguanazinium iodide (2). Salts containing the novel methylguanazinium cation with energetic anions were synthesised by metathesis reactions with silver azide (3), silver nitrate (4), silver perchlorate (5), sodium 5,5′‐azotetrazolate (6), silver 5‐nitrotetrazolate (7) and silver dinitramide (8), yielding a new family of heterocycle‐based salts, which were fully characterised by analytical (mass spectrometry and elemental analysis) and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman and NMR). In addition, the molecular structures of all compounds were confirmed by X‐ray analysis, revealing extensive hydrogen‐bonding in the solid state and densities between 1.399 (3) and 1.669 g cm−3 (5). The hydrogen‐bonded ring motifs are discussed in the formalism of graph‐set analysis for hydrogen‐bond patterns and compared to each other. Preliminary sensitivity testing of the crystalline compounds indicate surprisingly low sensitivities to both friction and impact, the highest friction and shock sensitivity being found for the perchlorate (5, 220 N) and the dinitramide (8, 20 J) salts, respectively. In addition, DSC analysis was used to assess the thermal stabilities of the compounds: 3–6 melt above 200 °C with concomitant decomposition, whereas 7 and 8 have clearly defined melting points at 162 and 129 °C, respectively, and with decomposition occurring about 30 °C above the melting point. Lastly all compounds have positive calculated heats of formation between 336 (4) and 4070 kJ kg−1 (6) and calculated detonation velocities in the range between 8330 (7) and 8922 m s−1 (6) making them of interest as new highly energetic materials with low sensitivity.
A technique for time integration analysis with steps larger than the excitation steps
Authors: Soroushian Aram 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe integration step size is the main algorithmic parameter in time integration analysis. Nowadays, for time integration with the complete records of digitized excitations, the integration steps cannot be set larger than the excitation steps. Considering the practical importance of this restriction, and with the aim of structural dynamic analysis with less computational cost, this paper intends to extend conventional time integration analyses to analyses, if needed, carried out with steps larger than the excitations steps. In view of few simplifying assumptions, and presenting a new theorem on responses convergence, a technique is developed and a computational procedure is set. Being based on convergence‐oriented redefinition of digitized excitations, the implementation of the new procedure is simple and, though, sacrificing some accuracy, can considerably reduce the total computational cost. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic stiffness of straight‐sided triangular finite elements by analytical and numerical integration
Authors: Griffiths D. V. , Huang Jinsong , Schiermeyer R. P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMost finite element (FE) software uses numerical integration to compute FE stiffness matrices. In the case of straight‐sided isoparametric triangular elements, numerical integration is exact, provided a sufficient number of integration points are used. In this paper, the same integrations are performed analytically in closed form with the help of computer algebra software for 3‐, 6‐, 10‐ and 15‐noded triangles. The resulting analytical expressions have been converted into Fortran 95 subroutines and compared with the conventional numerical integration methods. The analytical routines produce exactly the same results as their numerical counterparts, but run significantly faster. All Fortran 95 code developed in this study is available on the first author's Web site. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matched interface and boundary (MIB) method for the vibration analysis of plates
Authors: Yu S. N. , Xiang Y. , Wei G. W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel approach, the matched interface and boundary (MIB) method, for the vibration analysis of rectangular plates with simply supported, clamped and free edges, and their arbitrary combinations. In previous work, the MIB method was developed for three‐dimensional elliptic equations with arbitrarily complex material interfaces and geometric shapes. The present work generalizes the MIB method for eigenvalue problems in structural analysis with complex boundary conditions. The MIB method utilizes both uniform and non‐uniform Cartesian grids. Fictitious values are utilized to facilitate the central finite difference schemes throughout the entire computational domain. Boundary conditions are enforced with fictitious values—a common practice used in the previous discrete singular convolution algorithm. An essential idea of the MIB method is to repeatedly use the boundary conditions to achieve arbitrarily high‐order accuracy. A new feature in the proposed approach is the implementation of the cross derivatives in the free boundary conditions. The proposed method has a banded matrix. Nine different plates, particularly those with free edges and free corners, are employed to validate the proposed method. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of other established methods. Convergence and comparison studies indicate that the proposed MIB method works very well for the vibration analysis of plates. In particular, modal bending moments and shear forces predicted by the proposed method vanish at boundaries for free edges. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical solutions to two‐ and three‐dimensional periodic flows for numerical model testing
Authors: Vinh Phan Ngoc , Larson Magnus 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAnalytical solutions to 2D depth‐averaged (external mode) and fully 3D (internal mode) periodic flows for numerical model testing are presented in this paper. These solutions take into account the effects of the bottom friction, the horizontal turbulent viscosity, and the vertical turbulent viscosity for the case of 3D flow. The key linkage for the modes is the relationship between the bottom friction coefficients in the 2D and 3D solutions. In the analytical solutions, two parameters are introduced concerning the periodic flows studied, namely, the rate of the horizontal turbulent viscosity and a dimensionless number given by the ratio of this rate to the wave celerity. The effects of the horizontal turbulent viscosity on the wave amplitude and the phase are significant if the square of this number is not much smaller than one. Three cases for numerical model testing are developed according to three different chosen values of the complex wave number. Various results illustrating the solutions to these test cases are also presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free vibration and bending analysis of circular Mindlin plates using singular convolution method
Authors: Civalek Ömer , Ersoy Hakan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCircular plates are important structural elements in modern engineering structures. In this paper a computationally efficient and accurate numerical model is presented for the study of free vibration and bending behavior of thick circular plates based on Mindlin plate theory. The approach developed is based on the discrete singular convolution method and the use of regularized Shannon's delta kernel. Frequency parameters, deflections and bending moments are obtained for different geometric parameters of the circular plate. Comparisons are made with existing numerical and analytical solutions in the literature. It is found that the DSC method yields accurate results for the free vibration and bending problems of thick circular plates. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A replicated file system for Grid computing
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Honeyman Peter 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo meet the rigorous demands of large‐scale data sharing in global collaborations, we present a replication scheme for NFSv4 that supports mutable replication without sacrificing strong consistency guarantees. Experimental evaluation indicates a substantial performance advantage over a single‐server system. With the introduction of a hierarchical replication control protocol, the overhead of replication is negligible even when applications mostly write and replication servers are widely distributed. Evaluation with the NAS Grid Benchmarks demonstrates that our system provides comparable and often better performance than GridFTP, thede factostandard for Grid data sharing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.