bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis, Human Papillomavirus, and Human Herpesvirus Type 8 in Relation to Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Sutcliffe Siobhan , Giovannucci Edward , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Viscidi Raphael P. , Jenkins Frank J. , Zenilman Jonathan M. , Jacobson Lisa P. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Willett Walter C. , Platz Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Traditionally, case-control studies of sexually transmitted infections and prostate cancer have focused on gonorrhea and syphilis, with overall positive associations. More recently, researchers have begun to expand their focus to include additional sexually transmitted infections, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus (HPV), and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infections. Continuing this investigation, we examined each of these infections in relation to incident prostate cancer in a nested case-control study within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Prostate cancer cases were men diagnosed with prostate cancer between the date of blood draw (1993-1995) and 2000 (n = 691). Controls were men free of cancer and alive at the time of case diagnosis who had had at least one prostate-specific antigen test between the date of blood draw and case diagnosis. One control was individually matched to each case by age; year, time of day, and season of blood draw; and prostate-specific antigen screening history before blood draw (n = 691). C. trachomatis and HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-33 antibody serostatus were assessed by enzyme-based immunoassays and HHV-8 antibody serostatus was assessed by an immunofluorescence assay. No associations were observed between C. trachomatis [odds ratio (OR), 1.13; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.65-1.96], HPV-16 (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.57-1.23), HPV-18 (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.66-1.64), and HPV-33 (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.76-1.72) antibody seropositivity and prostate cancer. A significant inverse association was observed between HHV-8 antibody seropositivity and prostate cancer (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.95). As this study is the first, to our knowledge, to observe such an inverse association, similar additional studies are warranted. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(8):1573–80)
Functional Variant of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (SOD2 V16A) Polymorphism Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Study
Authors: Kang Daehee , Lee Kyoung-Mu , Park Sue Kyung , Berndt Sonja I. , Peters Ulrike , Reding Douglas , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Welch Robert , Chanock Stephen , Huang Wen-Yi , Hayes Richard B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSuperoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a key role in the detoxification of superoxide free radicals. We evaluated the association of prostate cancer with genetic polymorphisms in SOD1 (CuZn-SOD; IVS3-251A&gt;G), SOD2 [MnSOD; Ex2+24T&gt;C (V16A)], and SOD3 (EC-SOD; IVS1+186C&gt;T, Ex3-631C&gt;G, Ex3-516C&gt;T, and Ex3-489C&gt;T), the three main isoforms of SOD. Prostate cancer cases (n = 1,320) from the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial were frequency matched to nondiseased controls (n = 1,842) by age, race, time since initial screening, and year of blood draw. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI); stratified analysis by the level of antioxidative vitamins was also conducted. The higher activity Ala variant at SOD2 Ex2+24T&gt;C (V16A), which has been hypothesized to suppress prostate carcinogenesis, was associated with elevation of prostate cancer risk in Caucasians (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97-1.42; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60; Ptrend = 0.03). Stratification by quartiles of dietary and supplemental vitamin E intake (IU/d) showed risks of prostate cancer tended to be increased among SOD2 Ala allele carriers, except at the highest quartile of vitamin E intake (&gt;222; Pinteraction = 0.06, Q1-Q3 versus Q4). The association between Ala allele and prostate cancer risk among those with lower intake of vitamin E (≤222) was stronger for smokers (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.10-1.90). No significant association with prostate cancer was observed for polymorphic variants in SOD3 or SOD1. These results suggest that the Ala variant of SOD2 is associated with moderately increased risk of prostate cancer, particularly among men with lower intakes of dietary and supplemental vitamin E. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(8):1581–6)
Flavonoids and the Risk of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer: A Case-Control Study from Italy
Authors: Rossi Marta , Garavello Werner , Talamini Renato , Negri Eva , Bosetti Cristina , Dal Maso Luigino , Lagiou Pagona , Tavani Alessandra , Polesel Jerry , Barzan Luigi , Ramazzotti Valerio , Franceschi Silvia , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The intake of flavonoids has been inversely related to the risk of various common neoplasms, but scanty data exist on oral and pharyngeal cancer. We used data from a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1992 and 2005 to examine the relationship between flavonoid intake and oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. The study included 805 cases with incident, histologically confirmed oral and pharyngeal cancer, and 2,081 hospital controls admitted for acute, nonneoplastic conditions. We have applied data on food and beverage content of six major classes of flavonoids, on dietary information collected through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The odds ratios (OR) were calculated using multiple logistic regression models, conditioned on study center, sex, and age. After adjustment for education, tobacco, alcohol, body mass index, and non–alcohol energy intake, ORs for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake were 0.51 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 0.37-0.71] for flavanones, 0.62 (CI, 0.43-0.89) for flavonols, and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.40-0.78) for total flavonoids. No significant association emerged for isoflavones (OR, 0.90), anthocyanidins (OR, 0.86), flavan-3-ols (OR, 0.84), and flavones (OR, 0.75). The ORs were consistent across strata of age, sex, education, body mass index, tobacco, and alcohol. After allowance for vegetable and fruit consumption, the inverse relations with total flavonoids and flavanones remained significant, whereas that with flavonols became nonsignificant. None of the associations were significant after further allowance for vitamin C, probably on account of the high collinearity between these compounds. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(8):1621–5)
Is Metabolic Syndrome A Risk Factor for Colorectal Adenoma?
Authors: Kim Jeong Hwan , Lim Yun Jeong , Kim Young-Ho , Sung In-Kyung , Shim Sang Goon , Oh Sung-Ook , Park Sin-Sil , Yang Sun , Son Hee Jung , Rhee Poong-Lyul , Kim Jae J. , Rhee Jong Chul , Choi Yoon-Ho 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Background and Aims: Epidemiologic studies provide evidence for a link between obesity or diabetes and the risk for colorectal cancer. However, there is a lack of information about the relationship between metabolic syndrome and colorectal adenoma. Therefore, we investigated whether metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma.
Methods: We did a study for consecutive subjects who underwent colonoscopy as a screening exam at the Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, from March 2004 to December 2005. According to the modified ATP III criteria, metabolic syndrome was diagnosed. We classified a total of 2,531 subjects into the adenoma group (n = 731) and the control group (n = 1,800), including normal colonoscopic finding, nonpolyp benign lesions, or histologically confirmed hyperplastic polyp.
Results: The prevalence for metabolic syndrome was 17% in the adenoma group and 11% in the control group. On the multiple logistic regression analyses, metabolic syndrome was found to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma (odds ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.93). Also, waist circumference among the individual components of metabolic syndrome was an independent risk factor for colorectal adenoma. An increased risk for metabolic syndrome was more evident for proximal than distal colon, for multiple (≥3), and for advanced adenoma in the adenoma group.
Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was associated with colorectal adenoma. Abdominal obesity of the individual components of metabolic syndrome was an important risk factor for colorectal adenoma. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(8):1543–6)
Similar Exposure to a Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen in Smokeless Tobacco Users and Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Hecht Stephen S. , Carmella Steven G. , Murphy Sharon E. , Riley William T. , Le Chap , Luo Xianghua , Mooney Marc , Hatsukami Dorothy K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSmokeless tobacco has been proposed as a reduced risk substitute for smoking, but no large studies have investigated exposure to the powerful carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in smokeless tobacco users versus smokers. The purpose of this study was to carry out such a comparison. Levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), a biomarker of NNK exposure, and cotinine, a biomarker of nicotine exposure, were quantified in the urine of 420 smokers and 182 smokeless tobacco users who were participants in studies designed to reduce their use of these products. The measurements were taken at baseline, before intervention. Levels of total NNAL per milliliter of urine were significantly higher in smokeless tobacco users than in smokers (P &lt; 0.0001). When adjusted for age and gender, levels of total NNAL per milligram of creatinine were also significantly higher in smokeless tobacco users than in smokers (P &lt; 0.001). Levels of cotinine per milliliter of urine and per milligram of creatinine were significantly higher in smokeless tobacco users than in smokers (P &lt; 0.001). These results show similar exposures to the potent tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK in smokeless tobacco users and smokers. These findings do not support the use of smokeless tobacco as a safe substitute for smoking. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(8):1567–72)
Insulin-like Growth Factors and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study in Three Cohorts
Authors: Tworoger Shelley S. , Lee I-Min , Buring Julie E. , Pollak Michael N. , Hankinson Susan E. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)–related hormones and binding proteins (IGFBP) have been implicated in cancer risk. Specifically, two recent, small prospective studies reported a significant positive association between IGF-I and ovarian cancer risk among women diagnosed before age 55 years. Therefore, we examined whether plasma concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-2 were associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in a nested case-control study using data from three prospective cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and the Women's Health Study (WHS). The present study had 222 cases (159 from NHS/NHSII and 63 from WHS) and 599 controls (matching ratio, 1:3 for NHS/NHSII and 1:2 for WHS). Women ranged in age from 34 to 73 years (mean, 56 years). The relative risk (RR) comparing the top versus bottom quartile of IGF-I was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.97; Ptrend = 0.14). The risk did not differ by age at diagnosis (comparable RR for age &lt;55 years at diagnosis, 0.70; RR for age ≥55 years at diagnosis, 0.52). We did not observe any association between IGFBP-3, IGFBP-2, and the ratio of IGF-I to either binding protein and ovarian cancer risk. Overall, our results do not support a positive association between IGF-related proteins and ovarian cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(8):1691–5)
The 2006 Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Award: A Landmark in Compulsory Jurisdiction and Equitable Maritime Boundary Delimitation
Authors: Kwiatkowska Barbara 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive analysis of the unanimous 2006 Award of the Five-Member Tribunal established under Annex VII of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) by Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago regarding the delimitation of their fish and oil-rich Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) and Continental Shelves (CS). It surveys the procedural significance of several unprecedented pronouncements made by the Arbitral Tribunal with respect to Articles 281–283 LOSC and their relationship to LOSC Articles 74 and 83, which allowed the Tribunal to uphold its compulsory jurisdiction over the delimitation of the EEZ/CS up to 200 nautical miles and of the outer CS beyond this limit. The article commences with the Tribunal's appraisal of the modern law and process of equitable maritime boundary delimitation, followed by its application of that law consistently with the vast jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice and previous arbitral tribunals. In a two-stage process, the Tribunal drew a provisional, single equidistant boundary line and then considered whether that line needed to be adjusted in view of special circumstances and the proportionality test for an equitable result. This process is traced against the background of the factual and legal contentions disputed by the parties in the Western and Eastern sectors. The Tribunal also provided an important incentive for resolution of the associated fisheries dispute by calling upon the parties to conclude, pursuant to LOSC Article 63, a new agreement on Barbados's access to flying fish stocks in Trinidad's EEZ.
The Regime of the Area: Delineating the Scope of Application of the Common Heritage Principle and Freedom of the High Seas
Authors: Oude Elferink Alex 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPart XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea establishes a regime for the Area. The regime of the high seas set out in Part VII of the Convention is also applicable to the Area. Neither Part VII nor Part XI of the Convention exhaustively de fines which ocean uses fall within their scope of application. This article analyzes the relevant provisions of the Convention and comments on recent developments that shed further light on the regime of Part XI in relation to the regime of Part VII. It concludes that Part XI's common heritage principle is relevant for all uses of the Area that concern the exploration and exploitation of the Area, including its living resources. Recent developments reveal continued differences of views on the scope of application and implications of the regime set out in Part XI. The provisions of the Convention on marine scientific research and environmental protection would seem to offer sufficient flexibility to frame more detailed rules that do not require the prior resolution of those differences.
Roughness Lengths for Momentum and Heat Derived from Outdoor Urban Scale Models
Authors: Kanda M. , Kanega M. , Kawai T. , Moriwaki R. , Sugawara H. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Urban climate experimental results from the Comprehensive Outdoor Scale Model (COSMO) were used to estimate roughness lengths for momentum and heat. Two different physical scale models were used to investigate the scale dependence of the roughness lengths; the large scale model included an aligned array of 1.5-m concrete cubes, and the small scale model had a geometrically similar array of 0.15-m concrete cubes. Only turbulent data from the unstable boundary layers were considered. The roughness length for momentum relative to the obstacle height was dependent on wind direction, but the scale dependence was not evident. Estimated values agreed well with a conventional morphometric relationship. The logarithm of the roughness length for heat relative to the obstacle height depended on the scale but was insensitive to wind direction. COSMO data were used successfully to regress a theoretical relationship between κB−1, the logarithmic ratio of roughness length for momentum to heat, and Re*, the roughness Reynolds number. Values of κB−1 associated with Re* for three different urban sites from previous field experiments were intercompared. A surprising finding was that, even though surface geometry differed from site to site, the regressed function agreed with data from the three urban sites as well as with the COSMO data. Field data showed that κB−1 values decreased as the areal fraction of vegetation increased. The observed dependency of the bulk transfer coefficient on atmospheric stability in the COSMO data could be reproduced using the regressed function of Re* and κB−1, together with a Monin–Obukhov similarity framework.
Statistical Model for Forecasting Monthly Large Wildfire Events in Western United States
Authors: Preisler Haiganoush K. , Westerling Anthony L. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The ability to forecast the number and location of large wildfire events (with specified confidence bounds) is important to fire managers attempting to allocate and distribute suppression efforts during severe fire seasons. This paper describes the development of a statistical model for assessing the forecasting skills of fire-danger predictors and producing 1-month-ahead wildfire-danger probabilities in the western United States. The method is based on logistic regression techniques with spline functions to accommodate nonlinear relationships between fire-danger predictors and probability of large fire events. Estimates were based on 25 yr of historic fire occurrence data (1980–2004). The model using the predictors monthly average temperature, and lagged Palmer drought severity index demonstrated significant improvement in forecasting skill over historic frequencies (persistence forecasts) of large fire events. The statistical models were particularly amenable to model evaluation and production of probability-based fire-danger maps with prespecified precisions. For example, during the 25 yr of the study for the month of July, an area greater than 400 ha burned in 3% of locations where the model forecast was low; 11% of locations where the forecast was moderate; and 76% of locations where the forecast was extreme. The statistical techniques may be used to assess the skill of forecast fire-danger indices developed at other temporal or spatial scales.
Climate Variability and Residential Water Use in the City of Phoenix, Arizona
Authors: Balling Robert C. , Gober Patricia 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
In this investigation, how annual water use in the city of Phoenix, Arizona, was influenced by climatic variables between 1980 and 2004 is examined. Simple correlation coefficients between water use and annual mean temperature, total annual precipitation, and annual mean Palmer hydrological drought index values are +0.55, −0.69, −0.52, respectively, over the study period (annual water use increases with higher temperature, lower precipitation, and drought). Multivariate analyses using monthly climatic data indicate that annual water use is controlled most by the overall state of drought, autumn temperatures, and summer-monsoon precipitation. Model coefficients indicate that temperature, precipitation, and/or drought conditions certainly impact water use, although the magnitude of the annual water-use response to changes in climate was relatively low for an urban environment in which a sizable majority of residential water use is for outdoor purposes. People’s perception of the landscape’s water needs and their willingness and ability to respond to their perceptions by changing landscaping practices are probably more important than the landscape’s need for water in assessing residential water demand and the variation therein.
A role for heme oxygenase-1 in the immunosuppressive effect of adult rat and human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Chabannes Dominique , Hill Marcelo , Merieau Emmanuel , Rossignol Julien , Brion Régis , Soulillou Jean Paul , Anegon Ignacio , Cuturi Maria Cristina 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display immunomodulatory properties mediated by various factors, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Since heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a potent immunosuppressive enzyme, we tested the hypothesis that HO-1 could mediate the immunosuppressive effects of MSCs. We generated adult rat MSCs that inhibited T-cell proliferation in vitro. These MSCs expressed both HO-1 and iNOS. In vitro, whereas neither HO-1 nor iNOS inhibition alone could interfere with the immunosuppressive properties of rat MSCs, simultaneous inhibition of both enzymes restored T-cell proliferation. In vivo, injection of MSCs significantly delayed heart allograft rejection, and inhibition of either HO-1 or iNOS totally reversed the protective activity of MSCs, inducing rejection. Adult human MSCs also expressed HO-1; in these cells, HO-1 inhibition was sufficient to completely block their immunosuppressive capacity. In conclusion, we show, for the first time, that HO-1 mediates the immunosuppressive properties of rat and human MSCs.
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A is a B-cell receptor mimic and essential for B-cell survival
Authors: Mancao Christoph , Hammerschmidt Wolfgang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMany cells latently infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), including certain virus-associated tumors, express latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), suggesting an important role for this protein in viral latency and oncogenesis. LMP2A mimics B-cell receptor signaling but can also act as a decoy receptor blocking B-cell receptor (BCR) activation. Studies of peripheral B cells have not resolved this apparent contradiction because LMP2A seems to be dispensable for EBV-induced transformation of these B cells in vitro. We show here that LMP2A is essential for growth transformation of germinal center B cells, which do not express the genuine BCR because of deleterious somatic hypermutations in their immunoglobulin genes. BCR-positive (BCR+) and BCR-negative (BCR−) B cells are readily transformed with a recombinant EBV encoding a conditional, floxed LMP2A allele, but the survival and continued proliferation of both BCR+ and BCR− B cells is strictly dependent on LMP2A. These findings indicate that LMP2A has potent, distinct antiapoptotic and/or transforming characteristics and point to its role as an indispensable BCR mimic in certain B cells from which human B-cell tumors such as Hodgkin lymphoma originate.
An exploration of alternative visualisations of the basic helix-loop-helix protein interaction network
Authors: Holden Brian J , Pinney John W , Lovell Simon C , Amoutzias Grigoris D , Robertson David L 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Alternative representations of biochemical networks emphasise different aspects of the data and contribute to the understanding of complex biological systems. In this study we present a variety of automated methods for visualisation of a protein-protein interaction network, using the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors as an example.

Results
Network representations that arrange nodes (proteins) according to either continuous or discrete information are investigated, revealing the existence of protein sub-families and the retention of interactions following gene duplication events. Methods of network visualisation in conjunction with a phylogenetic tree are presented, highlighting the evolutionary relationships between proteins, and clarifying the context of network hubs and interaction clusters. Finally, an optimisation technique is used to create a three-dimensional layout of the phylogenetic tree upon which the protein-protein interactions may be projected.

Conclusion
We show that by incorporating secondary genomic, functional or phylogenetic information into network visualisation, it is possible to move beyond simple layout algorithms based on network topology towards more biologically meaningful representations. These new visualisations can give structure to complex networks and will greatly help in interpreting their evolutionary origins and functional implications. Three open source software packages (InterView, TVi and OptiMage) implementing our methods are available.