bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of novel natural rubber/organo‐vermiculite nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Yao , Liu Wei , Han Wei , Guo Weihong , Wu Chifei 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPolymer‐layered silicate nanocomposites have an attracting increasing attention over recent years because of their unique mechanical, thermal, and other properties. In this article, a new kind of natural rubber (NR)/organo‐vermiculite (OVMT) nanocomposites were investigated. The vermiculite (VMT) was intercalated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with ball mill method. The intercalation led to an increase of the d(001) of VMT from 1.46 nm to 4.51 nm. NR/OVMT nanocomposites were prepared via a melt process in a HAAKE mixer and were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope observations. The mechanical properties of the vulcanized nanocomposites were tested. It was found that the tensile strength and the elongation at the breaking point of the NR/OVMT nanocomposites loading 15 phr of the OVMT reached 28.4 MPa and 623.2%, respectively. The 300% modulus, tear strength, and hardness (Shore A) of the nanocomposites increased with the increase of the OVMT loading. The thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis, and the results showed that the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites were increased. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and characterization of chlorinated soy oil based epoxy resin/glass fiber composites
Authors: Thulasiraman V. , Rakesh S. , Sarojadevi M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractComposites with good toughness properties were prepared from chemically modified soy epoxy resin and glass fiber without additional petroleum based toughening agent. Chlorinated soy epoxy (CSE) resin was prepared from soybean oil. The CSE was characterised by spectral, and titration method. The prepared CSE was blended with commercial epoxy resin in different ratios and cured at 85°C for 3 h, and post cured at 225°C for 2 h using m‐phenylene diamine (MPDA) as curing agent. The cure temperatures of epoxy/CSE/MPDA with different compositions were found to be in the range of (151.2–187.5°C). The composite laminates were fabricated using epoxy /CSE/MPDA‐glass fiber at different compositions. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength (248–299 MPa), tensile modulus (2.4–3.4 GPa), flexural strength (346–379 MPa), flexural modulus (6.3–7.8 GPa) and impact strength (29.7–34.2) were determined. The impact strength increased with the increase in the CSE content. The interlaminor fracture toughness (GIC) values also increased from 0.6953 KJ/m2 for neat epoxy resin to 0.9514 KJ/m2 for 15%CSE epoxy‐modified system. Thermogravimetric studies reveal that the thermal stability of the neat epoxy resin was decreased by incorporation of CSE. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polyaniline–organoclay nanocomposites as curing agent for epoxy: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Ayad M.M. , Salahuddin N. , Ali M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI)–organoclay/Epoxy (EP) nanocomposites were prepared. PANI–organoclay nanocomposites were used as curing agent for EP. Organoclay was prepared by an ion exchange process between sodium cations in MMT and NH3+ groups in polyoxypropylene (D230). PANI–organoclay nanocomposite was synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in (14 wt%) organoclay. Infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry confirm the curing of EP. The absence of d001 diffraction band of organoclay in the nanocomposites was observed by X‐ray diffraction. The structure argument was further supported by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites within the range 2.1 × 10−7–3.2 × 10−7 S/cm depending on the concentration of the PANI/D230‐MMT. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Sandwich structures with composite inserts: Experimental studies
Authors: Naik N.K. , Rao G. Nageswara , Agarwal Ullas , Raju K.A. , Pottigar Shrinivas A. , Suresh V. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractExperimental studies are presented on the performance of insert assemblies of the sandwich structures under localized through‐the‐thickness compressive loading. Through‐the‐thickness and partially inserted fully potted inserts are studied. Insert materials considered are: aluminum and 3D woven composite. Experimental results are compared with the analytical predictions. It is observed that the specific strength of 3D woven composite inserts is more than that of aluminum inserts. Further, it is observed that the specific strength of through‐the‐thickness inserts is more than that of partially inserted fully potted inserts. Delamination between upper face plate and core material and sliding of attachment/insert within the core are the main modes of failure initiation. Quantitative results are presented for typical cases. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Do general nucleophilicity scales exist?
Authors: Mayr Herbert , Ofial Armin R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractComprehensive nucleophilicity scales including π‐, n‐ and σ‐nucleophiles have been constructed using benzhydrylium ions and structurally related quinone methides as reference electrophiles. It is shown how the correlation (Eqn (1)) log k20°C = s(E + N), where s and N are nucleophile‐specific parameters and E is an electrophile‐specific parameter, has recently been employed to characterize further classes of nucleophiles (phosphines, amines, isonitriles, trifluoromethanesulfonyl‐substituted carbanions) and electrophiles (2‐benzylideneindan‐1,3‐diones and benzylidenebarbituric acids). Practical applications of the reactivity parameters E, N and s for developing Friedel–Crafts alkylations in neutral alcoholic or aqueous solution and for characterizing nucleophilic organocatalysts will be discussed. Eventually, a new correlation equation will be presented, which includes Eqn (1), the Ritchie equation (nucleophilic additions to stabilized carbocations), and the Swain–Scott equation (nucleophilic substitutions of methyl halides) as special cases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A chemical understanding for the enhanced hydrogen tunnelling in hydroperoxidation of linoleic acid catalysed by soybean lipoxygenase‐1
Authors: Barroso Monica , Arnaut Luis G. , Formosinho Sebastião J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe reaction path of the Interacting‐State Model (ISM) is used with the Transition‐State Theory (TST) and the semiclassical correction for tunnelling (ISM/scTST) to calculate the rates of H‐atom abstraction from C(11) of linoleic acid catalysed by soybean lipoxygenase‐1 (SLO), as well as of an analogous uncatalysed reaction in solution. The calculated hydrogen‐atom transfer rates, their temperature dependency and kinetic isotope effect (KIE) are in good agreement with the experimental data. ISM/scTST calculations reveal the hypersensitivity of the rate to protein dynamics when the hydrogen bonding to a carbon atom is present in the reaction coordinate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oriented crystallization of poly(L‐lactic acid) in uniaxially oriented blends with poly(vinylidene fluoride)
Authors: Kaito Akira , Iwakura Yuko , Li Yongjin , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article describes the oriented crystallization of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) in uniaxially oriented blends with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Uniaxially drawn films of PLLA/PVDF blend with fixed ends were heat‐treated in two ways to crystallize PLLA in oriented blend films. The crystal orientation of PLLA depended upon the heat‐treatment process. The crystal c‐axis of the α form crystal of PLLA was highly oriented in the drawing direction in a sample cold‐crystallized at Tc = 120 °C, whereas the tilt‐orientation of the [200]/ [110] axes of PLLA was induced in the sample crystallized at Tc = 120 °C after preheating at Tp = 164.5–168.5 °C. Detailed analysis of the wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) indicated that the [020]/ [310] crystal axes were oriented parallel to the drawing direction, which causes the tilt‐orientation of the [200]/ [110] axes and other crystal axes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested that oriented crystallization occurs in the stretched domains of PLLA with diameters of 0.5–2.0 μm in the uniaxially drawn films of PVDF/PLLA = 90/10 blend. Although the mechanism for the oriented crystallization of PLLA was not clear, a possibility was heteroepitaxy of the [200]/[110] axes of the α form crystal of PLLA along the [201]/[111] axes of the β form crystal of PVDF that is induced by lattice matching of d100(PLLA) ≈ 5d201(PVDF). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1376–1389, 2008
Effects of surface states on hydrogen sensing performance of Pt‐GaN Schottky diodes
Authors: Irokawa Y. , Sakuma Y. , Sekiguchi T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEffects of surface states on hydrogen sensing performance of Pt‐GaN Schottky diodes were investigated. First, hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pt‐GaN Schottky diodes fabricated on as‐grown and annealed GaN surfaces are studied in order to investigate the correlation between the surface defects of GaN and hydrogen sensing performance. As a result, significant differences of the sensitivity among the devices were not observed, indicating that surface defects of GaN do not play a critical role in hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pt‐GaN Schottky diodes. Second, influence of dielectrics between Pt and GaN surface was studied. In consequence, Pt‐GaN diodes with 10nm SiO2 dielectric between Pt and GaN surface, deposited by RF sputtering, show the dramatic improvement of the hydrogen detection sensitivity, which is twice higher than for conventional Pt‐GaN Schottky diodes. By sharp contrast, Pt‐GaN diodes with 10nm SixNy dielectric, deposited by RF sputtering, do not show any response to hydrogen. These results suggest that dielectrics between metal and semiconductor are much more important than surface defects in hydrogen sensing performance. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal precipitation of self‐organized PbTe quantum dots in CdTe host matrix
Authors: Koike K. , Itakura T. , Hotei T. , Yano M. , Groiss H. , Hesser G. , Schäffler F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a selective growth of PbTe/CdTe quantum wells (QWs) and quantum dots (QDs) in CdTe host matrix by molecular beam epitaxy. These two tellurides possess almost identical lattice constants, but differ fundamentally in their lattice structure. Owing to a strong phase separation by the lattice‐type mismatch, insertion of a PbTe thin layer in CdTe matrix at higher temperatures than 280 °C was resulted in a self‐organized growth of coherent and three‐dimensionally isotropic QDs. The same growth procedure at lower temperatures, on the other hand, yielded a conventional QW structure with sharp heterointerface. This QW structure, however, was found to precipitate well‐ordered QD‐array by a postgrowth annealing, indicating that the QD formation is induced by the minimization of interface energy between the inmiscible two tellurides. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heteroepitaxial InSb films grown via Si(111)‐√7×√3‐In surface reconstruction
Authors: Mori M. , Saito M. , Nagashima K. , Ueda K. , Yamashita Y. , Tatsuyama C. , Tambo T. , Maezawa K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe In‐Sb bi‐layer (Si(111)‐2×2‐InSb surface reconstruction) was able to be prepared by 1 monolayer Sb adsorption onto Si(111)‐√7×√3‐In surface reconstruction, as well as results with 2×2‐In and √3×√3‐In. By using the √7×√3‐In surface reconstruction with higher In coverage, the area covered in the In‐Sb bi‐layer increased, and the area covered by 2×1‐Sb surface phase which caused by desorption of In atoms from In‐Sb bi‐layer decreased. The heteroepitaxial growth of InSb films on a Si(111)substrate via the In‐Sb bi‐layer was carried out by using two‐step growth procedure. The grown InSb films rotated by 30° with respect to Si substrate. Due to the decrease of the area covered by the 2×1‐Sb surface phase, the InSb crystals without rotation, which has poor crystal quality and electric properties, disappeared. Consequently, the electric properties of the films improved than those of the sample grown via 2×2‐In. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AlGaN/GaN/InGaN/GaN DH‐HEMTs structure with an AlN interlayer grown by MOCVD
Authors: Tang Jian , Wang Xiaoliang , Xiao Hongling , Ran Junxue , Wang Cuimei , Wang Xiaoyan , Hu Guoxin , Li Jinmin 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA novel AlGaN/GaN/InGaN/GaN double heterojunction high electron mobility transistors (DH‐HEMTs) structure with an AlN interlayer on sapphire substrate has been grown by MOCVD. The structure featuered a 6‐10 nm In0.1Ga0.9N layer inserted between the GaN channel and GaN buffer. And we also inserted one ultrathin AlN interlayer into the AlGaN/GaN interface, which significantly enhanced the mobility of two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) existed in the GaN channel. AFM result of this structure shows a good surface morphology and a low dislocation density, with the root‐mean‐square roughness (RMS) of 0.196 nm for a scan area of 5 μm× 5 μm. Temperature dependent Hall measurement was performed on this sample, and a mobility as high as 1950 cm2/Vs at room temperature (RT) was obtained. The sheet carrier density was 9.89×1012cm–2, and average sheet resistance of 327 Ω/sq was achieved. The mobility obtained in this paper is about 50% higher than other results of similar structures which have been reported. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The electronic structure of Ga‐vacancy in Mn‐doped GaN
Authors: Kang J. , Chang K. J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractUsing first‐principles theoretical calculations, we find that Ga‐vacancies (VGa) strongly interact with the Mn ions in GaN and thereby significantly affect the electronic and magnetic properties. When Ga‐vacancies are present in the neighbourhood of the Mn ions, a charge transfer occurs from the Mn d band to the acceptor level of VGa. Due to the depopulation of the Mn d band, the Fermi level is generally lowered, and ferromagnetic exchange interactions between the Mn ions are weakened, reducing the Curie temperature. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Helicon‐wave‐excited plasma sputtering deposition of CuAlO2 thin films
Authors: Takahata Satoru , Imao Takashi , Nakanishi Hisayuki , Sugiyama Mutsumi , Chichibu Shigefusa F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHelicon‐wave‐excited plasma sputtering (HWPS) method was used to deposit CuAlO2 films on (0001) Al2O3 substrates at 700–800 °C for the first time. For the films deposited at 700 °C, the best full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) value of the (006) CuAlO2 X‐ray diffraction peak was 0.19 degrees, which was smaller than those reported previously using other deposition methods. The HWPS method was shown to have technical importance in developing p ‐type TCO films, as it seldom damage the film surface. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of ZnO:Ga thin films by helicon‐wave‐excited plasma sputtering
Authors: Masaki Shingo , Nakanishi Hisayuki , Sugiyama Mutsumi , Chichibu Shigefusa F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGallium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga) transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films were prepared by the helicon‐wave‐excited plasma sputtering (HWPS) method. The films deposited at higher than 150 °C showed a preferential {0001}‐oriented growth. A high optical transmittance greater than 80% was obtained in the wavelength range between 400 and 1600 nm, because the HWPS method essentially does not damage the surface of the films. The results indicate that ZnO:Ga films deposited by the HWPS method can be used as a TCO film. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐Study: An Effective Method for Bioterrorism Training in the OR
Authors: Thomas Janet (Janie) Roberta 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTDURING A BIOTERRORIST ATTACK, health care professionals must be prepared to respond appropriately, but many perioperative nurses do not receive adequate education about bioterrorism.ONE PERIOPERATIVE NURSE led a survey project to determine how prepared perioperative nurses were to respond during a bioterrorist attack and whether a self‐study module would help increase participants' self‐rated levels of preparedness.THE RESULTS SHOWED that perioperative nurses generally felt unprepared to respond to a bioterrorist event. After reading the self‐study module, nurses from facilities that both did and did not provide education on bioterrorism reported increases in self‐rated levels of preparedness. AORN J 87 (May 2008) 915–924. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of an Alcohol‐free 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution
Authors: DeBaun Barbara 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTSURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS (SSIs) contribute to morbidity and mortality and increase the costs of patient care. Effective skin decontamination is recommended to reduce the risk of SSI and the transmission of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens.A MACRODILUTION BROTH METHOD and an in vitro time‐kill method were used to determine the antimicrobial properties of an alcohol‐free 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) solution against seven bacterial strains, including clinically derived strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).THE CHG SOLUTION REDUCED bacterial counts of drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and community‐associated MRSA by 99.9% within three minutes of exposure, and effectiveness was maintained with significant dilutions of the CHG solution. AORN J 87 (May 2008) 925–933. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Surgical Treatment of Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Zgonis Thomas , Stapleton John J. , Jeffries Luke C. , Girard‐Powell Valerie A. , Foster Lynanne J. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTCHARCOT NEUROARTHROPATHY, a chronic progressive destruction of joint integrity, is believed to result from a disturbance in pain and proprioceptive sensation. It is most commonly treated in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and dense peripheral neuropathy.PREVENTION, EARLY DIAGNOSIS, and early treatment are key to a patient's successful outcome. Educating the patient is paramount to avoid further complications and subsequent amputations.THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES the pathophysiology, staging, surgical treatment, and natural course of Charcot neuroarthropathy. AORN J 87 (May 2008) 971‐986. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Hot summers and heart failure: Seasonal variations in morbidity and mortality in Australian heart failure patients (1994–2005)
Authors: Inglis Sally C. , Clark Robyn A. , Shakib Sepehr , Wong Denis T. , Molaee Payman , Wilkinson David , Stewart Simon 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundThere are minimal reports of seasonal variations in chronic heart failure (CHF)‐related morbidity and mortality beyond the northern hemisphere.Aims and methodsWe examined potential seasonal variations with respect to morbidity and all‐cause mortality over more than a decade in a cohort of 2961 patients with CHF from a tertiary referral hospital in South Australia subject to mild winters and hot summers.ResultsSeasonal variation across all event‐types was observed. CHF‐related morbidity peaked in winter (July) and was lowest in summer (February): 70 (95% CI: 65 to 76)vs.33 (95% CI: 30 to 37) admissions/1000 at risk (p<0.005). All‐cause admissions (113 (95% CI: 107 to 120)vs.73 (95% CI 68 to 79) admissions/1000 at risk,p<0.001) and concurrent respiratory disease (21%vs.12%,p<0.001) were consistently higher in winter. 2010 patients died, mortality was highest in August relative to February: 23 (95% CI: 20 to 27)vs.12 (95% CI: 10 to 15) deaths per 1000 at risk,p<0.001. Those aged 75 years or older were most at risk of seasonal variations in morbidity and mortality.ConclusionSeasonal variations in CHF‐related morbidity and mortality occur in the hot climate of South Australia, suggesting that relative (rather than absolute) changes in temperature drive this global phenomenon.
𝐿^{𝑝} bounds for oscillatory hyper-Hilbert transform along curves
Authors: Chen Jiecheng , Fan Dashan , Wang Meng , Zhu Xiangrong 
Published: May 2008

We study the oscillatory hyper-Hilbert transform

H

n
,
α
,
β

f
(
x
)
=

∫
0
1

f
(
x
−
Γ
(
t
)
)

e

i

t

−
β

t

−
1
−
α

d
t

\begin{equation} H_{n,\alpha ,\beta }f(x)=\int ^1_0 f(x-\Gamma (t))e^{it^{-\beta }}t^{-1-\alpha }dt \end{equation}

along the curve

Γ
(
t
)
=
(

t

p
1

,

t

p
2

,
⋯
,

t

p
n

)

\Gamma (t)=(t^{p_1},t^{p_2},\cdots ,t^{p_n})

, where

p
1

,

p
2

,
⋯
,

p
n

,
α
,
β

p_1,p_2,\cdots ,p_n,\alpha ,\beta

are some real positive numbers. We prove that if

β
>
(
n
+
1
)
α

\beta >(n+1)\alpha

, then

H

n
,
α
,
β

H_{n,\alpha ,\beta }

is bounded on

L
p

L^p

whenever

p
∈
(

2
β

2
β
−
(
n
+
1
)
α

,

2
β

(
n
+
1
)
α

)

p \in (\frac {2\beta }{2\beta -(n+1)\alpha },\frac {2\beta }{(n+1)\alpha })

. Furthermore, we also prove that

H

n
,
α
,
β

H_{n,\alpha ,\beta }

is bounded on

L
2

L^2

when

β
=
(
n
+
1
)
α

\beta =(n+1)\alpha

. Our work improves and extends some known results by Chandarana in 1996 and in a preprint. As an application, we obtain an

L
p

L^p

boundedness result for some strongly parabolic singular integrals with rough kernels.
Bacterial Blight, a New Disease of Broccoli Caused by Pseudomonas syringae in California
Authors: Koike S. T. , Cintas N. A. , Bull C. T. 
Published: May 2008

In 1998 and 1999, a new disease was detected in commercial broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) grown in the Salinas Valley, Monterey County, CA. Posted 1 June 2000.
Natural Outbreak of a Bacterial Fruit Rot of Cantaloupe in Georgia Caused by Acidovoraxavenae subsp. citrulli
Authors: Walcott R. R. , Langston D. B. , JSanders F. H. , Gitaitis R. D. , Flanders J. T. 
Published: May 2008

In April and July 1999, cantaloupe plants (Cucumis melo) from commercial greenhouses and fields in Grady, Colquitt, Mitchell, and Tift counties, GA, exhibited severe foliar necrosis and a fruit rot. Posted 2 June 2000.
Pittosporum tobira: A New Host for Tomato spotted wilt virus in Israel
Authors: Gera A. , Kritzman A. , Cohen J. 
Published: May 2008

In July 1998, Pittosporum tobira shrubs, grown in a nursery in the Sharon Valley of Israel, developed foliar ring spots, mild mosaic, and tip necrosis. Of 15 samples tested for the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Loewe Biochemica, Otterfing, Germany), 14 were positive for TSWV. Posted 5 June 2000.
New Natural Hosts of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Spain
Authors: Jordá C. , Font I. , Lázaro A. , Juarez M. , Ortega A. , Lacasa A. 
Published: May 2008

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has caused epidemics in recent years in many crops throughout the Mediterranean Region. Tomato, pepper, and lettuce are the crops most affected in Spain. Posted 5 June 2000.
Lupins, a New Host of Phytophthora erythroseptica in Spain
Authors: Trapero-Casas A. , Rodríguez-Tello A. , Kaiser W. J. 
Published: May 2008

Several lupin (Lupinus) species are native to southern Spain. The white lupin, Lupinus albus L., is the most important crop, and its seeds are used for human consumption and animal feed. Posted 9 June 2000.
Return of an Old Problem: Fusarium Head Blight of Small Grains
Authors: Stack Robert W. 
Published: May 2008

Several species of fungus cause Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), but F. graminearum has been important in the US. The mixture of maize, wheat and barley production, and use of reduced tillage and increased residue retention encourage epidemics of FHB. Strong interest in use of fungicide sprays continues but the complete answer remains elusive. Molecular marker-assisted plant breeding is being used to breed for FHB resistance. Posted 22 June 2000.