bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Prospective Naturalistic Study of the Effectiveness of a Supervised Exercise Programme
Authors: Poulin Marie-Josée , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Simard Véronique , Vincent Pierre , Bernier Joëlle , Gauthier Yvan , Lanctôt Guy , Saindon Jacynthe , Vincent Annick , Gagnon Solange , Tremblay Angelo 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To determine the potential effectiveness of a behavioural weight control programme including physical exercise in the prevention of antipsychotic-induced weight gain and associated comorbid conditions in outpatients with schizophrenia and mood disorders. Methods: A prospective, comparative, open and naturalistic study was carried out for a total of 110 patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective or bipolar disorders (DSM-IV), on treatment with atypical antipsychotics. Of these, 59 patients participated in an 18 month weight control programme that included an educational activity about dietary and physical activity counselling as well as a structured, supervised, facility-based exercise programme. The control group consisted of 51 patients with the same baseline characteristics who did not receive the clinical programme. Anthropometric measurements, plasma lipid–lipoprotein profile, and fasting plasma glucose concentrations were assessed at 11 time-points over the study. In addition, serum concentrations of prolactin, thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed at four time-points. Finally, the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Short Form (SF)-36 Health Survey were used. Results: The adherence rate of patients was 85%, both in the active and in the control group. Whereas the control group experienced a significant increase in bodyweight (4.1%), body mass index (BMI; 5.5%) and waist circumference (WC; 4.2%), the active group significantly reduced their bodyweight (−3.5%), BMI (−4.4%), and WC (−4.6%) at the study end-point. In addition, a significant increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (14.8%) and in triglyceride concentrations (12.3%) was observed at month 18 in the control group. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) significantly increased (21.4%), and LDL cholesterol (−13.7%), triglycerides (−26.2%), total cholesterol (−12.1%), fasting glucose concentrations (−12.0%), and HbA1c (−11.4%) significantly decreased compared to baseline in the active group. No significant changes were observed regarding serum concentrations of prolactin and TSH during the study. In regard to the changes observed in psychological measures, no between-group differences were seen in the clinical ratings of CGI and BPRS. However, the SF-36 showed that physical health was improved only for subjects in the active group at months 12 and 18 compared to baseline (p<0.05), and mental health was significantly improved for both groups at months 12 and 18 compared to baseline. Conclusion: Bodyweight and metabolic risk profile in patients receiving atypical antipsychotic medications can be effectively managed with a weight control programme including physical activity.
No-Suicide Contracts and No-Suicide Agreements: A Controversial Life
Authors: Edwards Stephen , Harries Maria 
Published: November 2007

Objective: In this paper we describe the origins of suicide prevention contracting, identify the historical factors that led to the adoption of the intervention, and describe legal tensions that have emerged during its use.Conclusions: It would appear that one of the most frequently used clinical interventions for responding to suicidality has established a place in clinical practice without evidence attesting to its efficacy. We develop some propositions about how and why this clinical technique has been able to consolidate its place in mental health practice and, in so doing, suggest that the original technique was able to secure a clinical place without much apparent resistance because of the confluence of a number of emerging theories and community trends.
The First Year of the RANZCP Exemptions Candidates Examination
Authors: Hatcher Simon , Handrinos Dennis , Lakra Vinay 
Published: November 2007

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe our experience of the first year of the Exemptions Candidates Examination. Conclusions: The exam has run well over the first year. Candidates who have difficulty with the exam fail to prioritize in the observed clinical interview and do not pay attention to the instructions for the observed structured clinical examinations.
The College: The Mysterious Black Box and how to Make use of It
Authors: Freidin Julian 
Published: November 2007

Objective: As Registrars become Fellows, there is the opportunity to question the role of the College in the community, and the role of Fellows within the College. The process of entry into the College can lead to a misunderstanding of the role of the College and the value of the achievements of new Fellows. Exploring the complex nature of the relationship between Fellows, the College and the community can lead to new opportunities for the College to demonstrate professional leadership across the mental health sector in Australia and New Zealand. Conclusion: All Fellows, and particularly new Fellows, are encouraged to mark their achievement in becoming Fellows by helping to shape the future direction of the College.
Clinical Implications of the CATIE Schizophrenia Trials: Day-to-Day Management Lessons for Australasian Psychiatrists
Authors: Bick Peter , Knoesen Natalie , Castle David 
Published: November 2007

Objective: The aim of this paper was to review whether the $50m spent by the US National Institute of Mental Health in doing the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) trials found any useful evidence to change the clinical management of schizophrenia by psychiatrists. Conclusions: The CATIE trials were conducted in the US on 1460 enrolled patients in an effort to track how the drugs used to treat schizophrenia actually work in clinical practice (rather than in 6-week clinical trials). In a complex 3-phase design, patients were randomized to various types of (mostly) atypical antipsychotic drugs. Some 69–74% of patients switched antipsychotics for one reason or another during the 18 months of treatment. Some of the results were expensive confirmations of known prior results; of the commonly prescribed drugs, clozapine was the most effective, and olanzapine and ziprasidone caused the most and fewest metabolic side effects, respectively. The most stunning finding was that psychiatrists tend to ignore life-threatening, treatable medical conditions in patients presenting for treatment with schizophrenia. Of patients entering the study, 45% had untreated diabetes, 89% had untreated hyperlipidemias and 62% had untreated hypertension. This study failed to reveal anything of significant importance in the psychopharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, but did expose a woeful standard in the medical management of schizophrenia offered by psychiatrists. Psychiatrists should learn to properly treat diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hypertension when detected.
Postpartum mood disorders: Results of an online survey
Authors: Curtis Russ , Robertson Phyllis , Forst Amy , Bradford Caroline 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurpose: Postpartum mood disorders (PMDs), the distressing mental and emotional symptoms experienced by women after childbirth, are just now receiving the attention they warrant. Given the serious and sometimes life‐threatening nature of PMDs, we used a qualitative research design to examine more closely the nature of symptoms experienced and the effective strategies women used to cope with PMD. Participants: The respondents were 252 members of PMD and breast‐feeding (La Leche League) support groups throughout the United States. Method: Participants responded anonymously to open‐ended questions in an online survey. The data were reviewed by the research team to determine common themes and prevailing issues. Results: Participants reported myriad different symptoms and used a host of various strategies to alleviate problematic thoughts, feelings, and behaviours following childbirth. Postpartum symptoms affected participants’ plans to have future children. For some women, symptoms became more intense during subsequent births. Despite the problematic nature of PMD, more than half of the participants reported receiving little or no information from healthcare providers about PMDs. Implications for counsellors and other healthcare providers are discussed in detail.
No attenuation of gastric distress or benefit to performance with adaptation to octanoate‐rich esterified oils in female cyclists
Authors: Thorburn Megan S. , Vistisen Bodil , Thorp Rhys M. , Rockell Mike J. , Jeukendrup Asker E. , Xu Xuebing , Rowlands David S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe investigated the effects of modifying a normal dietary fatty‐acid composition and the ingestion of high‐fat exercise supplements on gastrointestinal distress, substrate oxidation, and endurance cycling performance. Five female cyclists completed a randomized triple‐crossover comprising a 2‐week diet high in octanoate‐rich esterified oil (MCFA), or twice, long‐chain fatty acids (LCFA). Following the diets, the participants performed 3 h of cycling at 50% peak power followed by ten maximal sprints while ingesting: a carbohydrate (CHO)+MCFA‐rich oil emulsion after (a) the 2‐week MCFA‐rich dietary condition (MC‐MC, Intervention), and (b) after one LCFA‐rich dietary condition (LC‐MC, Placebo), or (c) CHO only following a second LCFA‐rich diet (LC‐CHO, Control). Ingestion of the CHO+MCFA‐rich oil emulsion during 3‐h steady‐state exercise substantially reduced endogenous‐fat oxidation by 88% (90% confidence interval: 59 to 117%) and 74% (40 to 108%) in the MC‐MC and LC‐MC conditions, respectively, relative to LC‐CHO, but there was no effect of MCFA adaptation. Adaptation (MC‐MC) also had no clear effect on endogenous CHO (11%; −10 to 33%) or exogenous octanoic‐acid oxidation rates (−2%; −20 to 16%), relative to the placebo (LC‐MC). Ingestion/oxidation efficiency of octanoic acid was high (0.98), but the CHO+MCFA‐rich oil emulsion caused mild to moderate gastrointestinal distress during exercise and there was no attenuating effect of MCFA adaptation evident, nor any clear benefit of the oil emulsion or adaptation to performance. Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were lower by 17% (23 to −4%) and 15% (20 to −3%; reduction likely) in the LC‐MC and MC‐MC conditions, respectively, relative to LC‐CHO. Total plasma free‐fatty acid concentrations were 20% lower (39 to 3%) in the LC‐MC condition, relative to LC‐CHO. Plasma glycerol concentrations trended lower in the LC‐MC and MC‐MC conditions, but uncertainty meant these effects were qualified unclear. There was no clear effect of MCFA adaptation on total and 13C‐enriched plasma octanoic acid concentrations, nor were there any detectable elongation products (13C‐enriched fatty acids >8:0) seen in the plasma in either the MC‐MC or LC‐MC conditions. In conclusion, despite high efficiency of exogenous‐MCFA oxidation, no clear benefit to prolonged endurance performance was observed with the ingestion of a CHO+MCFA‐rich esterified oil emulsion or following adaptation to a MCFA‐rich diet in female cyclists.
Measuring physical activity in field studies: Comparison of a questionnaire, 24‐hour recall and an accelerometer
Authors: Kwak Lydia , Kremers Stef P. J. , Brug Johannes , Van Baak Marleen A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a field setting, we compared a physical activity questionnaire (SQUASH), a 24‐hour recall measure (Physical Activity Scale; PAS), and an accelerometer to: (1) quantify the amount of time spent in light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity; (2) calculate activity scores; and (3) categorize participants by physical activity tertiles. For 7 consecutive days, 103 participants (61% males, 39% females; mean age 36.8 years, mean body mass index 26.6 kg·m−2) wore an accelerometer and completed the PAS. Immediately before these 7 days, the participants completed the SQUASH and underwent anthropometric measurements (weight and height). Time spent in light (<3 METs), moderate (3–6 METs), and vigorous (≥6 METs) activity was calculated. Significant correlations were observed between the PAS and accelerometer in the population as a whole (r=0.66, P<0.001), the males (r=0.76, P<0.001), participants of normal weight (r=0.62, P<0.05), and those who were overweight (r=0.53, P<0.01). Correlations between the SQUASH and accelerometer were only significant for males (r=0.62, P<0.05) and overweight individuals (r=0.40, P<0.05). Moderate agreement was observed between tertiles for the accelerometer and PAS activity scores in the overall population (weighted kappa =0.47; 95% confidence interval =0.27–0.67) but not between the accelerometer and SQUASH. In conclusion, a 7‐day administration of the PAS is a useful measure for classification of physical activity in the population studied. The SQUASH has practical advantages in terms of convenience of administration, but its usefulness in estimating physical activity is limited.
Expertise and the control of interception in table tennis
Authors: Sheppard Alex , Li François‐Xavier 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe variability in elite table tennis players' bat movement direction was shown qualitatively by Bootsma et al. (1990) to “funnel” or become reduced towards bat–ball contact. Scott et al. (1997) showed that novice long jumpers' foot‐placement variability followed a similar pattern of reducing variability that was also found previously for experts, suggesting a common mode of control across various interceptive actions and standards of expertise. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to compare the variability patterns of expert and novice table tennis players to assess the presence of a common mode of control; and (2) to examine the variability patterns of a comprehensive array of bat kinematic measures. Participants returned balls for speed and accuracy. Variability patterns were similar between groups, although magnitudes were smaller for experts' bat direction. Bat direction and orientation showed reducing variability in the approach to contact, whereas bat position, speed, and acceleration did not. The variability in “funnelling” in many kinematic measures suggests an essential role for on‐line control in the table tennis forehand drive. The strong similarity in variability patterns between groups is interpreted as evidence of a common mode of control across standards of expertise that is applicable to interception tasks in general.
Disordered eating, perfectionism and body‐esteem of elite synchronized swimmers
Authors: Ferrand Claude , Magnan Claire , Rouveix Mathieu , Filaire Edith 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to determine the extent to which unhealthy compensatory behaviours are observed in synchronized swimmers, and to examine the relationships between perfectionism, body‐esteem dimensions, and restrained eating. Thirty‐three elite adolescent synchronized swimmers completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS‐H), the Body‐Esteem Scale, the Dietary Restraint Scale, and a self‐report questionnaire during their pre‐competitive period. The participants reported that they perceived themselves to be overweight, that they used weight loss methods such as self‐induced vomiting, fasting, and intensive exercise, and unhealthy weight control behaviours such as skipping meals. The swimmers attributed the pressure to lose weight to team‐mates, coaches, and themselves. Results showed that self‐oriented perfectionism was significantly associated with dietary restraint and that body‐esteem weight satisfaction has a mediator role between self‐oriented perfectionism and dietary restraint. Additional research is required to examine the thrust of these results and the effectiveness of interventions that help prevent disordered eating patterns.
Throwing velocity and accuracy in elite and sub‐elite cricket players: A descriptive study
Authors: Freeston Jonathan , Ferdinands Rene , Rooney Kieron 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRelease velocity and accuracy are vital components of throwing performance. However, there is no published research on these parameters for throwing in cricket. In this study, we investigated the throwing performance of 110 cricket players from six different populations: elite senior males, elite under‐19 junior males, elite under‐17 junior males, elite senior females, elite under‐19 junior females, and sub‐elite senior males. Based on a specifically designed cricket throwing test, participants were assessed for (1) maximal throwing velocity and (2) throwing accuracy at maximal velocity and at three sub‐maximal velocities. Elite senior males exhibited the highest peak and mean maximal throwing velocities (P≤0.001). Furthermore, the groups of males had significantly higher peak and mean maximal throwing velocities than the groups of females (P≤0.01). A speed–accuracy trade‐off existed such that all groups demonstrated improved accuracy scores at velocities between 75% and 85% maximal throwing velocity compared with 50% maximal throwing velocity and 100% perceived maximal exertion. The results indicate that sex, training experience (years training), and training volume (training time per week) may contribute to throwing performance in cricket players. Further research should focus on understanding the mechanisms behind the observed differences between these groups. This is the first study to describe the inherent throwing profiles of different cricket playing populations. Potentially, we have identified stimulus material for future training developments.
Uses of genus Ficus (Moraceae) in Buganda region, central Uganda
Authors: Ipulet Perpetua 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe initial survey aimed at assessing uses of figs in Buganda region was conducted from October 1990 to November 1991, and a follow‐up was made in 2005. A total of twelve districts were surveyed, inhabited by four major tribes with the Baganda being the majority. Oral interviews were used to collect data and respondents were either shown a freshly collected specimen or accompanied the researcher to the field. Data collected included vernacular names, uses, when medicinal part used and application. Fourteen of the 32 Ficus species recorded were used by the people. The major uses were live fencing and source of bark cloth or olubugo (Luganda) mostly from planted F. natalensis Hochst. Bark cloth adorns cultural sites, ceremonies and shrines, and is used in burying the dead and as bedding material. Its wide array of handcrafts can be seen in curios and local markets, many of these and bark cloth sheets are exported mostly to Europe. The vernacular names of species in four major languages in the region mostly related to use or simply fig trees.
Phenology of Asteraceae in selected districts of central Uganda
Authors: Mbatudde Maria , Mucunguzi Patrick , Lye Kåre A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe phenology of the family Asteraceae in four habitat types (dry grassland, wet grassland, cultivated land and roadside) within three selected districts, that is, Kampala, Migyera and Nakasongola were studied for 1 year (2002). Flowering is partly dependent on mean annual rainfall. In all the habitats, flowering occurs throughout the year, but with a peak between August and November. Troughs in flowering occurred during the beginning of the wet season. The flowering season mainly starts between July and August and ends between January and February. Fruiting is independent of mean annual rainfall, but dependent on seasonal rainfall. Fruiting occurs throughout the year with a peak between August and October and low species fruiting between January and April.
Antiplasmodial activity of extracts of selected medicinal plants used by local communities in western Uganda for treatment of malaria
Authors: Katuura Esther , Waako Paul , Tabuti John R. S. , Bukenya‐Ziraba Remigius , Ogwal‐Okeng Jasper 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the antiplasmodial activity of ten medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Southwestern Uganda. The study plants were Bothlioclines longpipes (Olive and Hiern), N.E.Br., Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Maesa lanceolata Forssk., Indigofera emerginella steud. Ex A. Rich., Lantana trifolia L., Vernonia lasiopus O. Hoffm., Trimmeria bakeri Gilg., Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex. Krauss Erythrophleum pyrifolia and Conyza sp. Dry powdered plant material was extracted by sequential cold maceration using petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol solvents respectively. Extracts were subjected to in vitro antiplasmodial screening against wild strains of Plasmodium falciparum using the nitro‐tetrazolium blue‐based lactate dehydrogenase assay. The chloroform extract of M. lanceolata (EC50 1.60 μg ml−1.), showed the highest antiplasmodial activity followed by R. natalensis (EC50 1.80 μg ml−1). Other extracts with significant activity were the chloroform leaf extract of Bothriocline longipes (EC50 3.66 μg ml−1) and the petroleum ether root extract of T. bakeri (EC50 3.955 μg ml−1).
Immunological evaluation of Commicarpus plumbagineus Standl. (Nyctaginaceae) use in reproductive health care in Uganda
Authors: Ojok Miriam F. , Kakudidi Esezah K. , Kamatenesi Maud M. , Mabusela Wilfred , Adams Joanita 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Commicarpus plumbagineus Standl. (Nyctaginaceae) is important medicinally and reportedly used to treat a variety of diseases including urinary tract infections, prevention of miscarriages, purification and improvement of blood texture, fibroids, dysmenorrhoea, hypermenorrhoea and coagulation of blood. Scientific validation on the claimed cure of diseases by C. plumbagineus has not been carried out. The chemical profile and bioactivity have remained unknown. The aim of this study was to improve reproductive health care delivery, motherhood programmes, management of feminine diseases and to upgrade herbal medicine through scientific validation and evidence‐based research on bioactivity. The leaf and stem of C. plumbagineus were collected, dried and extracted with water. The immunology tests carried out on the water extracts were whole blood and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays using gamma interferon and interleukin‐10. Immunology tests revealed that the stem and leaf aqueous extracts had an effect on the immune system at 5% and 0.312% concentration with strong T‐helper 1 tendencies (good immune boosters).