bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis‐based characterization of post‐translational modifications of mammalian 20S proteasome complexes
Authors: Zong Chenggong , Young Glen W. , Wang Yueju , Lu Haojie , Deng Ning , Drews Oliver , Ping Peipei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPTMs serve as key regulatory mechanisms for 20S proteasome functions. Alterations in 20S PTMs have been previously observed with changes in modified protein degradation patterns and altered cellular phenotypes. Despite decades of investigation, our knowledge pertaining to the various PTMs of 20S complexes and their biological significance remain limited. In this investigation, we show that 2‐DE offers an analytical tool with high resolution and reproducibility. Accordingly, it has been applied for the characterization of PTMs including glycosylation, phosphorylation, oxidation, and nitrosylation. The PTMs of murine cardiac 20S proteasomes and their associating proteins were examined. Our 2‐DE analyses displayed over 25 spots for the 20S complexes (17 subunits), indicating multiply modified subunits of cardiac proteasomes. The identification of specific PTM sites subsequent to 2‐DE was supported by MS. These PTMs included phosphorylation and oxidation. Most of the PTMs occurred in low stoichiometry and required enrichment to enhance the detection sensitivity. In conclusion, our studies support 2‐DE as a central tool in the analyses of 20S proteasome PTMs. The approaches utilized in this investigation demonstrate their application in mapping the PTMs of the 20S proteasomes in cardiac tissue, which are applicable to other samples and biological conditions.
Detection and assessment of co‐association in inhalable drug particles using aerosol time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: New Anthony , Prime Dave , Zomer Simeone , Elder David , Donovan Robert , Freney Evelyn 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAerosol Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (AToFMS) was used to examine co‐association between two inhaled drugs, fluticasone propionate (FP) and salmeterol xinofoate (SX), in fine aerosolised particles emitted from Seretide®/Advair® inhaled combination products. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify fragmentation patterns indicative of either pure or co‐associated particles (particles containing both drugs). A third component of the particles emitted from dry powder inhalers (DPIs), lactose, gave only a very weak mass spectral signal and no interpretable data was acquired for this compound; however, it was not found to interfere with the detection of the two drug substances. High levels of co‐association were found in the emitted doses from both pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI) products. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the repeatability and reproducibility of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry measurements
Authors: Burkitt William , O'Connor Gavin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA system to perform automated hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry measurements was constructed using an XYZ robotic autosampler that was capable of performing solvent manipulations and a 4.7 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer. The system included features such as the first demonstration of a ‘dual column’ high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) setup, and a novel digestion strategy. The performance of the system, in terms of the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurement of protein hydrogen/deuterium exchange, was assessed over a 2‐month period. The sensitivity of the measurement of hydrogen exchange towards several parameters was assessed, which allowed their impact on the reproducibility to be discussed. The parameters assessed were the temperature of the HPLC columns and switching valves, the temperature of the quench solutions, the pH of the mobile phase, the pH of the quenched solution, the acid used in the mobile phase and the analytical column used. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry performance using edge sampling and a rotational sample stage
Authors: Kertesz Vilmos , Van Berkel Gary J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe position of the surface to be analyzed relative to the sampling orifice or capillary into the mass spectrometer has been known to dramatically affect the observed signal levels in desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI‐MS). In analyses of sample spots on planar surfaces, DESI‐MS signal intensities as much as five times greater were routinely observed when the bottom of the sampling capillary was appropriately positioned beneath the surface plane (‘edge sampling’) compared with when the capillary just touched the surface. To take advantage of the optimum ‘edge sampling’ geometry and to maximize the number of samples that could be analyzed in this configuration, a rotational sample stage was integrated into a typical DESI‐MS setup. The rapid quantitative determination of caffeine in two diet sport drinks spiked with an isotopically labeled internal standard demonstrated the utility of this approach. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A piecewise analysis method to stability analysis of linear continuous/discrete systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Yue Dong , Tian Engang , Zhang Yijun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe delay‐dependent stability problem of linear continuous/discrete systems with time‐varying delay is investigated based on a piecewise analysis method (PAM). In the method, the variation interval of the time delay is firstly divided into several subintervals. By checking the variation of the Lyapunov functional in every subinterval, some new delay‐dependent stability criteria are derived. Several numerical examples show that our method can lead to much less conservative results than those in the existing references. Moreover, when the number of the divided subintervals increases, the corresponding criteria can provide an improvement on the results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between product and international diversification: the effects of short‐run constraints and endogeneity
Authors: Kumar M.V. Shyam 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe examine the relationship between growth along the product and international dimension in the short run. We argue that while the presence of fungible intangible resources and economies of scope may create opportunities for a firm to expand along both dimensions, the effect of short‐ run constraints may lead to a trade‐off and a negative association between the two dimensions. In addition, we suggest that rather than being independent, decisions concerning the extent of growth along the two dimensions are likely to be made simultaneously and endogenously by firms after taking into consideration the availability of various resources. We test these propositions by observing a sample of 1,299 firms over the period of 1993–1997. Our results show strong evidence of endogeneity and a negative association between growth along the two dimensions. These findings provide important support for theories of firm growth that have long held that firms are limited in the number of opportunities they can exploit in the short run by various constraints. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foreign ownership and long‐term survival
Authors: Kronborg Dorte , Thomsen Steen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe study the relative survival of foreign‐ and domestically owned companies in Denmark over more than a century (1895–2005). Contrary to previous studies that have emphasized the liability of foreignness, we find evidence of a significant survival premium for foreign‐owned companies; however, the premium declines over time and disappears entirely in the last decade leading up to 2005. Further evidence indicates that the foreign survival premium is negatively influenced by new foreign entry, and that the long‐run decline is caused by increasing competition between foreign subsidiaries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for online communities
Authors: Miller Kent D. , Fabian Frances , Lin Shu‐Jou 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study examines the participation of firms in online communities as a means to enhance demand for their products. We begin with theoretical arguments and then develop a simulation model to illustrate how demand evolves as a function of interpersonal communication and a firm's chosen strategy. In this model, the firm's strategy involves allocating advocates who promote its product in online communities. Our model results point to some key parameters informing firms' strategies when social learning processes shape demand. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SLM‐based data position permutation method for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems
Authors: Wen Jyh‐Horng , Lee Shu‐Hong , Kung Chih‐Chung 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems not only increases the complexity of the analog‐to‐digital (A/D) and digital‐to‐analog (D/A) converters but also reduces the efficiency of the radio frequency (RF) power amplifier. In this paper, we present a data position permutation (DPP) method, which is based on a selected mapping (SLM) scheme, for reducing the PAPR in OFDM systems. The candidate signal on each branch of the SLM scheme is generated by permuting the position and rotating the phase of the original data. In addition, a modified DPP method with lower bit error rate (BER) is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed method provides better performance with regard to complexity, spectrum efficiency, and BER as compared to that of the SLM‐based dummy sequence insertion (SLM‐DSI) method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of viral induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in pleural effusion and malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Wörnle Markus , Sauter Matthias , Kastenmüller Kathrin , Ribeiro Andrea , Roeder Maximilian , Mussack Thomas , Ladurner Roland , Sitter Thomas 
Published: November 2008

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in formation of pleural effusions and in tumorigenesis and progression of malignant mesothelioma. Mesothelial cells (MC) express the viral receptors Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3), RIG‐I and MDA5. Activation of these receptors by viral RNA exemplified by poly(I:C) RNA leads to a time‐ and dose‐dependent increase of mesothelial VEGF synthesis. To show the specific effect of viral receptors knockdown experiments with siRNA for TLR3, RIG‐I and MDA5 were performed. This finding of viral induced mesothelial VEGF synthesis may indicate a novel link between viral infections and formation of pleural effusions and progression of malignant mesothelioma.
Alterations in circulating activin A, GDF‐15, TGF‐β3 and MMP‐2, ‐3, and ‐9 during one year of left ventricular reverse remodelling in patients operated for severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Bjørnstad Johannes L. , Neverdal Nils O. , Vengen Øystein A. , Knudsen Cathrine Wold , Husebye Trygve , Pepper John , Lie Mons , Christensen Geir , Tønnessen Theis 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:Patients with aortic stenosis (AS) develop left ventricular remodelling with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased fibrosis. Following aortic valve replacement (AVR) reverse remodelling usually takes place.Aims:To examine circulating levels of members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), known to have important effects on hypertrophy and extracellular matrix, in patients operated for AS.Methods:Circulating levels of activin A, GDF‐15, TGF‐β3, MMP‐2, ‐3, and ‐9 were measured in twenty‐two patients undergoing AVR preoperatively, and 2 days, six months and 12 months postoperatively. Echocardiography and a six minute walking test evaluated reverse remodelling and physical performance.Results:Activin A increased at six (1081.00±98.05 pg/ml, p<0.05) and twelve months (1263.09±141.43 pg/ml, p<0.05) compared to the preoperative value (855.00±76.30 pg/ml) and correlated negatively to physical performance. The preoperative value was also increased compared to controls (639.54±63.05 pg/ml, p<0.05). GDF‐15, MMP‐3 and ‐9 were all increased at two days postoperatively (p<0.05). MMP‐3 correlated with left ventricular end diastolic dimension (p<0.05). MMP‐2 did not change during the study period. TGF‐β3 was only slightly reduced at six months postoperatively.Conclusion:The observed alteration in circulating levels of members of the TGF‐β superfamily and MMPs might play a role in the reverse remodelling process following AVR for AS.
Complications with Hydroxyapatite Cement in Mastoid Cavity Obliteration
Authors: Ridenour Janell S. , Poe Dennis S. , Roberson David W. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo determine whether hydroxyapatite (HA) bone cement is a suitable material for mastoid cavity obliteration.Study Design & SettingRetrospective case review; tertiary care pediatric hospital.PatientsThree patients, aged 11 to 16 years, underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy for removal of cholesteatomas.InterventionMastoid cavity obliteration was performed with hydroxyapatite bone cement.Main Outcome MeasuresFailure was defined as the necessity for HA explantation.ResultsAll three patients required revision surgery to remove the HA cement. Two patients (one primary and one second look with obliteration) presented with granulations in the mastoid cavity, surrounding the cement. The third patient's intraoperative findings included extensive skull base osteitis with erosion of the posterior and middle fossa dural plates, and fistulae of the lateral and superior semicircular canals. All patients recovered fully after removal of the HA cement.ConclusionThis study raises concerns over the use of HA cement for mastoid cavity obliteration. Three of three implanted patients required revision surgery, two with delayed failure of integration and infection, and one with severe osteitis and significant complications.
The Secondary Correction of Post‐Traumatic Craniofacial Deformities
Authors: Imola Mario J. , Ducic Yadranko , Adelson Robert T. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo analyze the aesthetic and functional outcomes in a large series of patients who underwent secondary correction of post‐traumatic craniofacial deformities (PTCD) and to highlight the underlying principles and formulate treatment guidelines.MethodsA single surgeon's retrospective case series of 57 patients who underwent correction of PTCD.Outcome MeasuresEvaluation by multiple surgeons who assessed aesthetic results and functional parameters after secondary correction of PTCD.ResultsA good to excellent aesthetic outcome was achieved in the majority of patients. Traumatic telecanthus, enophthalmos, and occlusal deformity were the deformities most refractory to secondary correction. Aesthetic results were adversely affected by the severity and number of pre‐existing abnormalities and by the presence of established deformities (beyond 6 to 12 months).ConclusionsThe basic principles of treatment include an initial major osseous reconstructive surgery to restore an anatomically correct craniofacial architecture followed by selective ancillary procedures to address soft tissue deficits and functional deformities. Soft tissue deformity is the major deterrent to achieving an ideal outcome.
Specific probiotics in reducing the risk of acute infections in infancy – a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Rautava Samuli , Salminen Seppo , Isolauri Erika 
Published: November 2008

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether probiotics might be effective in reducing the risk of infections in infancy. Infants requiring formula before the age of 2 months were recruited from community well-baby clinics. Infant formula supplemented with the probioticsLactobacillus rhamnosusGG andBifidobacterium lactisBb-12 or placebo was administered daily until the age of 12 months. Incidence of early infections (before the age of 7 months) and incidence of recurrent (three or more) infections during the first year of life were recorded as the main outcome measures of the study. During the first 7 months of life, seven out of thirty-two (22 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty out of forty (50 %) infants receiving placebo experienced acute otitis media (risk ratio (RR) 0·44 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·90);P = 0·014) and antibiotics were prescribed for ten out of thirty-two (31 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-four out of forty (60 %) infants receiving placebo (RR 0·52 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·92);P = 0·015). During the first year of life, nine out of thirty-two (28 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-two out of forty (55 %) infants receiving placebo encountered recurrent respiratory infections (RR 0·51 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·95);P = 0·022). These data suggest that probiotics may offer a safe means of reducing the risk of early acute otitis media and antibiotic use and the risk of recurrent respiratory infections during the first year of life. Further clinical trials are warranted.
Between-year variation and spatial dynamics ofCryptosporidiumspp. andGiardiaspp. infections in naturally infected rodent populations
Authors: BAJER A. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYPrevalence and abundance ofCryptosporidiumspp. andGiardiaspp. infections were studied over the 8-year period in 3 species of rodents in N.E. Poland (bank voleMyodes glareolus-1523; yellow-necked mouseApodemus flavicollis-638; common voleMicrotus arvalis-419). Prevalence was 53·8, 28·1 and 62·3% respectively forCryptosporidiumspp. and 58·3, 24·4 and 74·2% respectively forGiardiaspp. Prevalence and abundance of infection varied markedly across 8 years of the study with 1998 and 2002 being years of higher prevalence and abundance, following changes in the densities of host species. The distribution of intestinal protozoa in forest rodents did not vary in the 3 isolated sites during the 4-year study. In the case ofCryptosporidium, fewer older animals carried infection and infections of the oldest bank and common voles were relatively milder. In the case ofGiardiain yellow-necked mice, infections were more common in older age classes (2 and 3). The two species showed significant co-occurrence and in animals carrying both species there was a strong significant positive correlation between abundance of infection with each. These data are discussed in relation to the parasite genotypes identified in this region and in respect of the role of various ecological factors in shaping of intestinal protozoa communities.
Evolution, providence, and Gouldian contingency
Authors: ROTA MICHAEL 
Published: November 2008

AbstractStephen Jay Gould and others have argued that what we know about evolution implies that human beings are a ‘cosmic accident’. In this paper I examine an argument for Gould's view and then attempt to show that it fails. Contrary to the claims of Gould, Daniel Dennett, and others, it is a mistake to think that what we have learned from evolutionary biology somehow shows that human beings are mere accidents of natural history. Nor does what we know about the contingency of evolution give us good reason to reject the view that human beings came to be according to a divine providential plan.
The epistemological limits of experience-based exclusive religious belief
Authors: BALDWIN ERIK , THUNE MICHAEL 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAlvin Plantinga and other philosophers have argued that exclusive religious belief can be rationally held in response to certain experiences – independently of inference to other beliefs, evidence, arguments, and the like – and thus can be ‘properly basic’. We think that this is possible only until the believer acquires the defeater we develop in this paper, a defeater which arises from an awareness of certain salient features of religious pluralism. We argue that, as a consequence of this defeater, continued epistemic support for exclusive religious belief will require the satisfaction of non-basic epistemic criteria (such as evidence and/or argumentation). But then such belief will no longer be properly basic. If successful, we will have presented a challenge not only to Plantinga's position, but also to the general view (often referred to as ‘reformed epistemology’) according to which exclusive religious belief can be properly basic.
The dilemma of divine forgiveness
Authors: PETTIGROVE GLEN 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe dilemma of divine forgiveness suggests it is unreasonable to be comforted by the thought that God forgives acts that injure human victims. A plausible response to the dilemma claims that the comfort derives from the belief that God's forgiveness releases the wrongdoer from punishment for her misdeed. This response is shown to be flawed. A more adequate response is then developed out of the connection between forgiveness and reconciliation.
Descartes on God's relation to time
Authors: GORHAM GEOFFREY 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGod and time play crucial, intricately related roles in Descartes' project of grounding mathematical physics on metaphysical first principles. This naturally raises the perennial theological question of God's precise relation to time. I argue, against the strong current of recent commentary, that Descartes' God is fully temporal. This means that God's duration is successive, with parts ordered ‘before and after’, rather than permanent or ‘all at once’. My argument will underscore the seamless connection between Descartes' theology and his physics, and the degree to which he was prepared to depart from orthodoxy in the former in order to secure an a priori foundation for the latter. As Newton would later do, Descartes freed time from its traditional dependence on bodily motion and so removed an important barrier to making God temporal. Acting in time, God makes the physical world intelligible in a way He could not were He timeless.
On religious ambiguity
Authors: MCKIM ROBERT 
Published: November 2008

AbstractI examine, and defend, the idea that human experience is religiously ambiguous. Necessary conditions for there to be ambiguity of any sort are presented. The sort of ambiguity that (it is later argued) is exhibited in the area of religion is clarified in a series of stages. Then the case is made for the application of this notion of ambiguity in the case of religion.
Songs from the bell jar: autonomy and resistance in the music of The Bangles
Authors: Mercer-Taylor Peter 
Published: November 2008

The two passages that follow appeared within a few weeks of each other in 1963. At a glance they have little to do with one another:Between them The Beatles adopt a do-it-yourself approach from the very beginning. They write their own lyrics, design and eventually build their own instrumental backdrops and work out their own vocal arrangements. Their music is wild, pungent, hard-hitting, uninhibited…and personal. The do-it-yourself angle ensures complete originality at all stages of the production. (Barrow 1963)
'Twixt midnight and day: binarism, blues and black culture
Authors: Oliver Paul 
Published: November 2008

Well the blues come to Texas lopin' like a muleWell the blues come to Texas lopin' like a muleYou take a high brown woman man she's hard to foolYou can't ever tell what a woman's got on her mindMan you can't tell what a woman's got on her mindYou might think she's crazy ‘bout you she's leavin’ you all the timeShe ain't so good looking and her teeth don't shine like pearlsShe ain't so good looking and her teeth don't shine like pearlsBut that nice disposition carries a woman all through the worldI'm goin' to the river gonna carry my rocker chairWell I'm goin' to the river carry my rocker chair——— have the worried blues right hereI think I heard my good gal callin' my nameHey hey good gal called my nameShe couldn't call so loud but she called so nice and plain