bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound signature for identification and quantification of upper airway disease in horses
Authors: Cable Christina S. , Ducharme Norm G. , Hackett Richard P. , Erb Hollis N. , Mitchell Lisa M. , Soderholm L. Vincent 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To investigate whether upper airway sounds of horses exercising with laryngeal hemiplegia and alar fold paralysis have distinct sound characteristics, compared with unaffected horses.Animals—6 mature horses.Procedure—Upper airway sounds were recorded in horses exercising on a high-speed treadmill at maximum heart rate (HRMAX) under 3 treatment conditions (ie, normal upper airway function [control condition], and after induction of left laryngeal hemiplegia or bilateral alar fold paralysis) in a randomized crossover design. Fundamental frequency, spectrograms using Gabor transform, and intensity characteristics of acquired sounds (peak sound level [soundpeak] and highest frequency of at least –25 dB sound intensity [F25max]) were evaluated.Results—Evaluation of the fundamental frequency of the time domain signal was not useful. Sensitivity and specificity (83 and 75%, respectively) of spectrograms were greatest at maximal exercise, but the exact abnormal condition was identified in evaluation of only 12 of 18 spectrograms. Increased accuracy was obtained using soundpeakand F25maxas discriminating variables. The use of soundpeakdiscriminated between control and laryngeal hemiplegia conditions and F25maxbetween laryngeal hemiplegia and alar fold paralysis conditions. This increased the specificity of sound analysis to 92% (sensitivity 83%) and accurately classified the abnormal state in 92% of affected horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sound analysis might be a useful adjunct to the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of horses with upper airway obstruction, but would appear to require close attention to exercise intensity. Multiple measurements of recorded sounds might be needed to obtain sufficient accuracy for clinical use. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1707–1713)
Prevalence and importance of internal tandem duplications in exons 11 and 12 of c- kit in mast cell tumors of dogs
Authors: Downing Sue , Chien May B. , Kass Philip H. , Moore Peter F. , London Cheryl A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the prevalence of activating internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in exons 11 and 12 of c-kitin mast cell tumors (MCTs) of dogs and to correlate these mutations with prognosis.Sample Population—157 formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded MCTs from dogs in the pathology database of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis.Procedure—Genomic DNA was isolated from tumor specimens and a polymerase chain reaction procedure was performed to determine whether there were ITDs in exons 11 and 12.Results—We identified ITDs in 1 of 12 (8%) grade-I, 42 of 119 (35%) grade-II, and 9 of 26 (35%) grade-III tumors (overall prevalence, 52 of 157 [33%]). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of grade-II and -III tumors possessing an ITD were approximately 5 times greater than that for grade-I tumors, although these odds did not differ significantly. Although MCTs possessing an ITD were twice as likely to recur after excision and twice as likely to result in metastasis as those without an ITD, these values also did not differ significantly.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results provide evidence that ITDs in c-kitoccur frequently in MCTs of dogs. The high prevalence of c-kitactivating mutations in MCTs of dogs combined with the relative abundance of mast cell disease in dogs provide an ideal naturally developing tumor in which to test the safety and efficacy of novel small-molecule kinase inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1718–1723)
In vitro effects of oxytocin, acepromazine, detomidine, xylazine, butorphanol, terbutaline, isoproterenol, and dantrolene on smooth and skeletal muscles of the equine esophagus
Authors: Wooldridge Anne A. , Eades Susan C. , Hosgood Giselle L. , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To characterize the in vitro effects of
oxytocin, acepromazine, xylazine, butorphanol,
detomidine, dantrolene, isoproterenol, and terbutaline
on skeletal and smooth muscle from the
equine esophagus.

Animals—14 adult horses without digestive tract disease.

Procedure—Circular and longitudinal strips from
the skeletal and smooth muscle of the esophagus
were suspended in tissue baths, connected to
force-displacement transducers interfaced with a
physiograph, and electrical field stimulation was
applied. Cumulative concentration-response curves
were generated for oxytocin, acepromazine,
xylazine, detomidine, butorphanol, isoproterenol,
terbutaline, and dantrolene. Mean maximum twitch
amplitude for 3 contractions/min was recorded and
compared with predrug-vehicle values for the
skeletal muscle segments, and area under the
curve (AUC) for 3 contractions/min was compared
with predrug-vehicle values for the smooth muscle
segments.

Results—No drugs caused a significant change in
skeletal muscle response. In smooth muscle, isoproterenol,
terbutaline, and oxytocin significantly
reduced AUC in a concentration-dependent manner.
Maximum reduction in AUC was 69% at 10–4M for
isoproterenol, 63% at 10–5M for terbutaline, and
64% at 10–4M for oxytocin.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Isoproterenol,
terbutaline, and oxytocin cause relaxation of the
smooth muscle portion of the esophagus. The clinical
relaxant effects on the proximal portion of the esophagus
reported of drugs such as oxytocin, detomidine,
and acepromazine may be the result of centrally mediated
mechanisms. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:1732–1737)
Seasonal interaction of serum vitamin D concentration and bone density in alpacas
Authors: Parker Jill E. , Timm Karen I. , Smith Bradford B. , Van Saun Robert J. , Winters Kerri M. , Sukon Peerapol , Snow Christine M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate temporal changes in bone mineral density associated with seasonal variation in serum vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations in alpacas.Animals—5 healthy mature neutered male alpacas.Procedure—Metacarpal bone mineral density was measured at 4 times during a year. Each time alpacas were weighed, blood was collected for determination of serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D concentrations, and samples of feed were analyzed for nutrient content. Vitamin D status was determined by use of an assay that measured serum 25-hydroxycalciferol concentration. Effects of changes in serum vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus concentration and body weight with season on bone mineral density were determined.Results—Bone mineral density, body weight, and serum vitamin D and phosphorus concentrations varied with season. Bone mineral density, serum vitamin D concentration, and body weight also varied among individual alpacas. Serum vitamin D concentration was lower in January than the previous October and increased from May to the following September. The decrease in bone mineral density lagged behind the decrease in serum vitamin D concentration and was lower in May, compared with the previous October. Body weight was lower in May than the previous October or following September. Solar radiation was highest in July and lowest in December.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Seasonal changes in bone mineral density are associated with changes in serum vitamin D concentrations in alpacas. Changes in bone mineral density associated with a decline in serum vitamin D concentration may predispose some alpacas to developing fractures minimal trauma. (Am J Vet Res2002; 63:948–953)
Effects on functions of ovine blood mononuclear cells for each of several fatty acids at concentrations found in plasma of healthy and ketotic ewes
Authors: Lacetera Nicola , Franci Ombretta , Scalia Daniela , Bernabucci Umberto , Ronchi Bruno , Nardone Alessandro 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To assess effects on functions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from ewes for each of several fatty acids represented in ovine plasma at concentrations mimicking those of ketotic or healthy ewes.Sample Population—Blood samples obtained from 6 Sardinian ewes.Procedure—The PBMC were cultured in media that contained oleic (OA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA), linoleic (LA), or palmitoleic (POA) acid at concentrations similar to those of ketotic or healthy ewes. Synthesis of DNA was stimulated by use of concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Secretion of IgM was stimulated by use of PWM.Results—High concentrations (900, 450, and 225 µmol/L) of OA significantly inhibited DNA synthesis and IgM secretion of PBMC. Conversely, low concentrations (56 or 28 µmol/L) of OA significantly enhanced DNA synthesis of PBMC. High concentrations of PA (600, 300, 150, 75, 37.5, or 18.7 µmol/L) and SA (300, 150, or 75 µmol/L) significantly inhibited DNA synthesis of PBMC. High concentrations of PA (600, 300, 150, 75, 37.5, or 18.7 µmol/L) and SA (300, 150, 75, or 38 µmol/L) also significantly inhibited IgM secretion of PBMC. None of the concentrations of LA and POA affected PBMC functions.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Impaired immunoresponsiveness of ketotic ewes is likely associated with an increase of plasma concentrations of OA, PA, or SA and not with that of LA or POA. At physiologic concentrations, single fatty acids are likely to participate in modulation of immunoresponsiveness by exerting suppressive or stimulatory effects on immune cells. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:958–962)
Bovine adenovirus serotype 7 infections in postweaning calves
Authors: Fent Genny M. , Fulton Robert W. , Saliki Jeremiah T. , Caseltine Shannon L. , Lehmkuhl Howard D. , Confer Anthony W. , Purdy Charles W. , Briggs Robert E. , Loan Raymond W. , Duff Glenn C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To detect bovine adenovirus serotype 7 (BAV-7) infections in calves by use of viral isolation and serologic testing.Animals—205 postweaning calves.Procedure—121 calves were assembled by an order buyer through auction markets in eastern Tennessee and transported to New Mexico where they were commingled with 84 healthy ranch-reared calves. Tests included viral isolation in cell culture from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and detection of serum BAV-7 antibodies by use of microtitration viral neutralization.Results—BAV-7 was isolated from PBL of 8 calves and seroconversion to BAV-7 was detected for 38 of 199 (19.1%) calves. Concurrent bovine viral diarrhea virus infections were detected in most calves from which BAV-7 was isolated.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of our study indicate that BAV-7 infections can be found in postweaning commingled calves and may develop more commonly in calves with concurrent infections with viruses such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). (Am J Vet Res2002;63:976–978).
Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of ketoprofen enantiomers after oral and intravenous administration in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Hunter Robert P. , Isaza Ramiro , Koch David E. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To assess oral bioavailability (F) and pharmacokinetic
characteristics of the R- and S-enantiomers
of ketoprofen administered IV and orally to
captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

Animals—5 adult Asian elephants.

Procedure—Elephants received single treatments of
racemic ketoprofen at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg, administered
IV and orally, in a complete crossover design.
Blood samples were collected at intervals during the
24 hours following treatment. At least 4 weeks
elapsed between drug administrations. Samples
were analyzed for R- and S-ketoprofen with a validated
liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopic assay.
Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by use
of noncompartmental analysis.

Results—The enantiomers of ketoprofen were
absorbed well after oral administration, with median F
of 101% for R-ketoprofen and 85% for S-ketoprofen.
Harmonic mean half-life ranged from 3.8 to 5.5 hours,
depending on route of administration and enantiomer.
The area under the concentration-time curve, mean
residence time, apparent volume of distribution, plasma
clearance, and maximum plasma concentration
values were all significantly different between the 2
enantiomers for both routes of administration.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Ketoprofen
has a long terminal half-life and complete absorption
in this species. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, a
dosage of ketoprofen of 1 mg/kg every 48 hours to 2
mg/kg every 24 hours, PO or IV, is recommended for
use in Asian elephants, although the safety and efficacy
of ketoprofen during long-term administration in
elephants have not been determined. (Am J Vet Res
2003;64:109–114)
Evaluation of erythropoiesis and changes in serum erythropoietin concentration in cats after renal transplantation
Authors: Aronson Lillian R. , Preston Alicia , Bhalerao Dilip P. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Giger Urs 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To investigate the clinicopathologic patterns of the erythropoietic response after renal transplantation in cats with chronic renal failure (CRF).Animals—14 cats with CRF undergoing renal transplantation.Procedure—Before and at intervals during a 6-month period after transplantation, serum creatinine and erythropoietin concentrations, Hct, erythrocyte indices, aggregate reticulocyte percentage, and iron variables were measured. Additionally, the number of transfusions administered to and any complications that developed in each cat were recorded.Results—In all cats, preoperative azotemia resolved within 6 days after renal transplantation. Two cats had a temporary increase in serum creatinine concentration secondary to an acute graft rejection episode. Anemia (defined as Hct < 28%) resolved in 10 cats 3 to 49 days after surgery. Resolution of anemia was delayed in 2 cats that had acute rejection episodes. Serum erythropoietin concentration and reticulocyte percentage were low preoperatively; values after surgery were highly variable. Compared with preoperative values, serum erythropoietin concentration increased 1 to 4 days after surgery in 11 cats; between days 5 and 58, another increase was detected in 9 cats. Serum iron concentrations were generally low before and 14 days after transplantation.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The erythropoietic response was highly variable in cats after renal transplantation, but anemia typically resolved within 1 month after surgery. A delay in resolution of anemia in cats may indicate poor graft function and inadequate iron stores, suggesting the need for further evaluation for concurrent illness. (Am J Vet Res2003;64: 1248–1254)
In vitro evaluation of the distribution of blood flow within a canine bipedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap
Authors: Monnet Eric , Rooney Matthew B. , Chachques Juan C. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To identify the predominant perforating
artery in the canine latissimus dorsi muscle and
demonstrate that perfusion of the predominant perforating
artery improves blood flow in segments of the
latissimus dorsi muscle that are located distally from
the thoracodorsal artery.
Sample Population—Latissimus dorsi muscles dissected
from 7 dogs.
Procedures—Colored microspheres were used to
determine the degree of perfusion of the latissimus
dorsi muscle via the thoracodorsal artery,
predominant perforating artery, or the thoracodorsal
artery and predominant perforating artery
together. The latissimus dorsi muscle was divided
into 4 proximal to distal segments relative to the
thoracodorsal artery (segments A, B, C, and D,
respectively).
Results—The perforating artery, located at the level
of the fifth intercostal space, predominantly supplied
perfusion to segments B, C, and D. The number of
microspheres received by segment C was significantly
higher when the thoracodorsal artery and perforating
artery were used for muscle perfusion (181.40 ±
44.90 microspheres/300 g of tissue for every 3,000
spheres injected), compared with use of the thoracodorsal
artery alone (60.00 ± 13.70 microspheres/300 g of tissue for every 3,000 spheres
injected).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Blood flow
via the predominant perforating artery improves perfusion
to the middle part of the latissimus dorsi muscle
in dogs. A bipedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap
would provide a healthier muscle for cardiac assist in
the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs.
(Am J Vet Res 2003;64:1255–1259)
Evaluation of progesterone and estrogen receptor expression in 15 meningiomas of dogs and cats
Authors: Adamo P. Filippo , Cantile Carlo , Steinberg Howard 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate progesterone and estrogen receptor expression in meningiomas of the CNS in dogs and cats.Animals—8 dogs (1 of which was treated with gestrinone) and 5 cats with intracranial meningiomas and 2 dogs with spinal cord meningiomas; tissue samples were also obtained from 1 clinically normal dog and 1 clinically normal cat.Procedure—Meningioma tissue was obtained during surgery or at necropsy; samples were processed for histologic classification and immunohistochemical evaluation of the proportion of tumor cells with progesterone and estrogen receptors. Correlation among receptor expression, tumor grade, and histologic subtypes was determined.Results—Several histologic subtypes of intracranial meningiomas were detected among tissue samples. In the cats, all intracranial meningiomas were benign. Progesterone receptor immunoreactivity was detected in 14 of 15 meningiomas. Progesterone receptor expression was identified in > 80% of cells in 8 intracranial meningiomas (4 dogs and 4 cats) and 2 spinal cord meningiomas. In samples of malignant transitional and granular cell meningiomas in dogs, progesterone receptors were detected in 32 and 4.8% of cells respectively. In 1 cat, 38% of tumor cells had progesterone receptors. In a dog treated with gestrinone, no progesterone receptors were detected in the intracranial meningioma. Estrogen receptors were only detected in the tumor of 1 dog.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate a high proportion of progesterone receptors in cells of meningiomas of the CNS in dogs and cats. Antiprogesterone treatment may have a role in the treatment of unresectable or recurrent meningiomas in dogs and cats. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1310–1318)
Epidemiologic characteristics and management of polysaccharide storage myopathy in Quarter Horses
Authors: Firshman Anna M. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Bender Jeffrey B. , Finno Carrie J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize onset and clinical signs of polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) in a welldefined population of affected Quarter Horses, identify risk factors for PSSM, determine compliance of owners to dietary and exercise recommendations, and evaluate the efficacy of dietary and exercise recommendations.Animals—40 Quarter Horses with PSSM and 37 unaffected control horses.Procedures—Owners of horses with PSSM completed a retrospective questionnaire concerning their horse's condition.Results—Between horses with PSSM and control horses, no significant differences were found in sex distribution (21 vs 15 females and 16 vs 22 males, respectively), temperament, muscle build, diet, or amount of turnout. In horses with PSSM, signs of muscle stiffness, muscle fasciculations, sweating, exercise intolerance, weakness, muscle wasting, reluctance to move, colic, abnormal gait, recumbency, lameness, and swollen muscles began between the age of 1 day and 14 years (mean age, 4.9 ± 3.5 years). Five horses with PSSM developed acute muscle atrophy. Sixty-three percent (25/40) of owners fed the recommended diet, 55% (22/40) provided regular exercise, and 40% (16/40) followed both dietary and exercise recommendations. Owners of affected horses for which a decrease in severity or frequency of PSSM was not found did not follow the exercise, dietary, or both recommendations. All horses for which both dietary and exercise recommendations were followed had improvement in signs of PSSM.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In addition to exertional rhabdomyolysis, signs of PSSM include acute muscle atrophy and gait abnormalities. It appears that PSSM can be managed by following dietary recommendations combined with gradual increases in daily exercise. (Am J Vet Res2003; 64:1319–1327)
Assessment of the accuracy of computed tomography for measurement of normal equine pituitary glands
Authors: McKlveen Tori L. , Jones Jeryl C. , Sponenberg D. Phillip , Scarratt Kent , Ward Daniel L. , Aardema Charles H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To describe the anatomic features of the pituitary gland region in horses via computed tomography (CT) and determine the accuracy of CT for estimating normal equine pituitary gland dimensions.Animals—25 adult horses with no clinical signs of pituitary disease.Procedure—Transverse CT images and gross transverse tissue sections were compared in 2 horses. Contrast-enhanced CT of the pituitary gland region was performed postmortem in 23 horses with 4 slice thickness and interval settings (10-mm contiguous or overlapping slices and 4-mm contiguous or overlapping slices). Gross and CT estimates of pituitary gland dimensions were compared via ANOVA. Accuracy of CT estimates was calculated with gross pituitary gland measurements as the known value.Results—Pituitary glands were located between the temporomandibular joints and had contrast enhancement. Mean gross dimensions were length, 2.11 cm; width, 2.16 cm; height, 0.98 cm; and volume, 2.66 cm3. Gross measurements and CT estimates of pituitary gland length from 10-mm contiguous and overlapping slices did not differ. Gross measurements and CT estimates of pituitary gland width from 4-mm contiguous and overlapping slices did not differ. Estimates of height and volume from all CT techniques differed from gross measurements. Accuracies for CT estimates were length, 88 to 99%; width, 81 to 92%; height, 58 to 71%; and volume, 43 to 55%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Accuracy of estimates of pituitary gland dimension in horses varied with CT scanning technique; via CT, estimates of length and width of glands were more accurate than estimates of height or volume. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1387–1394)
Effect of moderate exercise immediately followed by induced hyperglycemia on gene expression and content of the glucose transporter-4 protein in skeletal muscles of horses
Authors: Nout Yvette S. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Jose-Cunilleras Edward , Dearth Lawrence R. , Sivko Gloria S. , DeWille James W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of a single bout of exercise and increased substrate availability after exercise on gene expression and content of the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) protein in equine skeletal muscle.Animals—6 healthy adult Thoroughbreds.Procedure—The study was designed in a balanced, randomized, 3-way crossover fashion. During 2 trials, horses were exercised at 45% of their maximal rate of oxygen consumption for 60 minutes after which 1 group received water (10 mL/kg), and the other group received glucose (2 g/kg, 20% solution) by nasogastric intubation. During 1 trial, horses stood on the treadmill (sham exercise) and then received water (10 mL/kg) by nasogastric intubation. Muscle glycogen concentration and muscle GLUT-4 protein and mRNA content were determined before exercise and at 5 minutes and 4, 8, and 24 hours after exercise.Results—Although exercise resulted in a 30% reduction in muscle glycogen concentration, no significant difference was detected in muscle GLUT-4 protein or mRNA content before and after exercise. Glycogen replenishment was similar in both exercised groups and was not complete at 24 hours after exercise. Horses that received glucose had significantly higher plasma glucose and insulin concentrations for 3 hours after exercise, but no effect of hyperglycemia was detected on muscle GLUT-4 protein or mRNA content.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Under the conditions of this study, neither exercise nor the combination of exercise followed by hyperglycemia induced translation or transcription of the GLUT-4 protein in horses. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1401–1408)