bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models for mortality associated with heatwaves: update of the Portuguese heat health warning system
Authors: Nogueira Paulo , Paixão Eleonora 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn Portugal a Heat Health Watch Warning exists since 1999—the íCARO Surveillance System. It is a system for monitoring heatwaves with potential impacts on population's morbidity and mortality, which is set in motion every year between May and September. This system was based on a model for the relation between heat and mortality calibrated with the district of Lisbon data for the big heatwaves of June 1981 and July 1991.The occurrence of 2003's big heatwave brought opportunity for updating existing models.The fact that this heatwave has been particularly long and had characteristics that were not described in the previously known heatwave episodes also allowed the chance to investigate the mechanism of the relation between occurrence of extreme heat and mortality.The aim of this work was to update the existing íCARO model and contribute to increase the knowledge on the phenomena of the heatwave's impact on mortality.Thus, four models were assayed, that represent four distinct proposals for reference temperature's thresholds and in the generalization of the main used variable accumulated thermal overcharge (ATO).All the assayed models showed a good adaptation to the observed mortality data for the district of Lisbon for the three known big heatwaves.It is concluded that the rational generalized accumulated thermal overload (GATO) adapts well to the relation between heat and mortality. The best model was chosen as the one that considered a dynamic threshold that follows the ascending phase of the temperatures of summer until reaching its maximum level in the end of the month of August remaining thereafter constant until the end of the summer, thus recurring to a rational of population's adaptation to heat, contrarily to what happens to air temperatures that decrease at end of the summer. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Out of this world: Doing things the Semco way
Authors: Semler Ricardo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Brazilian company Semco may be one of the world's most unusual workplaces. Instead of a mission statement, business plan, and long‐term budget, it has relied on democratic processes and employee autonomy to produce a two‐decade record of enviable growth and profits. Its cardinal operating philosophy? Harness the wisdom of the people. Employees control their work hours, location, and pay to achieve the work/life balance they need, and participate in all decisions, including what businesses Semco should pursue. By continually asking why, they avoid the trap of fixed assumptions, opening the organization to learning and the discovery of new approaches and opportunities. © 2006 Hewitt Associates.
Effects of initial low oxygen and perforated film package on quality of fresh‐cut cabbages
Authors: Hu Wenzhong , Jiang Aili , Qi Haiping , Pang Kun , Fan Shengdi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects of perforated film packages (PFP) with different oxygen partial pressures (5, 8 and 10 kPa) and a barrier package (BP) at 21 kPa of O2 on the quality of fresh‐cut cabbages were studied at 5 and 20 °C. The microbial growth, appearance, flavor, ascorbic acid content and polyphenol oxidase activity were determined during storage. The results indicated that fresh‐cut cabbages had better color retention and quality in PFP. Oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) and browning of fresh‐cut cabbage were inhibited effectively using a PFP and an initial oxygen partial pressure equal to 5 kPa. Analysis of microbial growth also showed that the total count on fresh‐cut cabbage was relative lower in PFP with an initial low O2 content. Loss of total ascorbic acid was much lower in PFP than that in BP by suppressing AA oxidation. The results of sensory evaluation showed that flavor and appearance were maintained effectively at 5 °C and significant differences in flavor were found between PFP and BP both at 5 and 20 °C, while significant differences in appearance were found between PFP and BP only at 20 °C. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Non‐Ionic Water‐Soluble Crown‐Ether‐Substituted Polyfluorene as Fluorescent Probe for Lead Ion Assays
Authors: Yu Minghui , He Fang , Tang Yanli , Wang Shu , Li Yuliang , Zhu Daoben 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new non‐ionic water‐soluble polyfluorene that contains two benzo‐18‐crown‐6 side chains per repeat unit (PFDC) is synthesized and characterized. Upon addition of Pb2+ ions to a solution of PFDC, the PFDC fluorescence is strongly quenched. The minor interference from other metal ions, especial from Cu2+ and Hg2+ions, clearly shows that the PFDC can be used to detect Pb2+ ions with high selectivity. The fluorescence quenching of PFDC in solution originates from the multivalent coordination of the crown‐ether moieties to Pb2+ ions followed by precipitation. In comparison to ionic conjugated polymers, the pH of the medium shows less effect on the binding of non‐ionic PFDC to Pb2+ ions.magnified image
Extending Software Project Agility with New Product Development Enterprise Agility
Authors: Kettunen Petri 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMany new product development (NPD) companies must nowadays work under turbulent conditions. The market competition is often fierce, while at the same time new and sometimes even disruptive technological uncertainties emerge. Speed and flexibility are then key success factors. Agility is thus a prospective strategy for such companies. The (embedded) software product development projects working in such environments face the turbulence either directly or indirectly, and agile software methods could potentially help to cope with the challenges. However, in large NPD environments the software project agility must be combined with the overall enterprise agility in order for the company to meet the ultimate business goals. This exploratory article investigates software project agility from that point of view by constructing a framework of the considerations for larger NPD companies to achieve more overarching agility. The software process improvement (SPI) activities can then be focused accordingly. An industrial product development case example is illustrated, suggesting how software product development agility should be improved within the larger organizational context (SPI‐in‐the‐large). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of hypertension and pre‐eclampsia in pregnancy
Authors: Chandiramani, M. , Waugh, J.J.S. , Shennan, A.H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe authors discuss the importance of early identification of women at risk of developing hypertension or preeclampsia during pregnancy. Regular antenatal surveillance, with timely referral to an obstetrician for appropriate prophylactic and antihypertensive interventions, will optimise the health of both mother and baby. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Ionic Ozonides
Authors: Jansen Martin , Nuss Hanne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIonic Ozonides [1] were mentioned for the first time during the second half of the nineteenth century. However, fundamental aspects of their chemistry and physics remained obscure until more recently procedures had been provided that allow for their syntheses in gram‐amounts, and in high purity. Respective preparative approaches start by reacting the alkali metal superoxides KO2, RbO2, or CsO2 with O2/O3 mixtures, at punctilious temperature control. Subsequently, the raw product is extracted with liquid ammonia. From the solution obtained, solid ozonides are harvested and purified by recrystallization. As rather versatile and efficient accesses to ozonides of further cations, metathesis reactions or cation exchange in liquid ammonia have been developed. The samples obtained have allowed for full structural and basic physical characterizations. All ionic ozonides known are metastable with respect to release of dioxygen, [NMe4]O3 being the most stable one (onset of rapid decomposition at 348 K). Depending on the respective crystal field, the bond lengths and angles of the ozonide anion vary significantly, and consistently, from 135 to 129 pm, and 113 to 120°, respectively. The magnetic moments of the paramagnetic O3− determined by susceptibility measurements (1.70–1.80 μB) deviate but slightly from the spin‐only value for one unpaired electron. This finding complies well with the small anisotropy of the g‐factors.As an achievement of possibly far reaching consequences, stable solutions of ionic ozonides in organic solvents have become available, opening the way to the use of O3− as a ligand, or synthon, in coordination and molecular chemistry.
[Yb(NH3)8][Yb(Pyr)6] – Elektrid‐induzierte Synthese und Kristallisation aus flüssigem Ammoniak
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: June 2007

Abstract[Yb(NH3)8][Yb(Pyr)6]: Electride Induced Synthesis and Crystallization from Liquid AmmoniaSingle crystalline yellow [Yb(NH3)8][Yb(Pyr)6] (Pyr− = pyrrolate anion, C4H4N−) was obtained by the reaction of ytterbium metal with pyrrole (C4H4NH) in liquid ammonia at −35 °C. Significant excess of ammonia together with avoiding a pyrrole excess prevents formation of the molecular compound [Yb(Pyr)3(PyrH)2(NH3)2]. [Yb(NH3)8][Yb(Pyr)6] consists of two homoleptic ionic units and rapidly decomposes if removed from the ammonia atmosphere, viz. it shows an ammonia vapour pressure >1 bar.
Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structures of Four Dinuclear Schiff Base Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes with Versatile Bridging Groups
Authors: Qiu Xiao‐Yang , Liu Wei‐Sheng , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFour novel Schiff base nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes, derived from the end‐on (μ1,1‐N3) azide, end‐to‐end (μ1,3‐NCS) thiocyanate, or phenolate oxygen bridges, have been synthesized and their crystal structures determined by X‐ray diffraction methods. They are the dinuclear double end‐on azide‐bridged [Ni2(L1)2(MeCN)2(μ1,1‐N3)2]·MeOH (1), the dinuclear double end‐on azide‐bridged [Ni2(L2)2(MeOH)2(μ1,1‐N3)2][Ni2(L2)2(OH2)2(μ1,1‐N3)2]·MeOH (2), the dinuclear double end‐to‐end thiocyanate‐bridged [Cu2(L3)2(μ1,3‐NCS)2] (3), and the dinuclear double phenolate O‐bridged [Cu2(L4)2(NCS)2] (4), where HL1, HL2, HL3 and HL4 are four tridentate Schiff bases obtained by the condensation of 3,5‐dibromosalicylaldehyde with N‐ethylethane‐1,2‐diamine, of 3,5‐dichlorosalicylaldehyde with N‐methylpropane‐1,3‐diamine, of 3‐bromo‐5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde with 2‐aminomethylpyridine, and of 5‐nitrosalicylaldehyde with 2‐aminomethylpyridine, respectively. Each nickel(II) atom in 1 and 2 is in an octahedral coordination, while each copper(II) atom in 3 and 4 is in a square pyramidal coordination. There exists crystallographic inversion centre symmetry in each of the complexes.
Phosphorus NMR and Ab Initio Modelling of P–N Bond Rotamers of a Sterically Crowded Chiral β‐P4S3 Diamide
Authors: Tattershall Bruce W. , Knight Julian G. , Andrews Mark J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReaction of bicyclic β‐P4S3I2 with enantiomerically pure (R)‐Hpthiq (1‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline) and Et3N gave a solution of a single diastereomer of the unusually stable diamide β‐P4S3(pthiq)2, accounting for 83 % of the phosphorus content. Despite the steric bulk of the substituents, each amide group of this could adopt either of two rotameric positions about their P–N bonds, so that, at 183 K, 31P NMR multiplets for four rotamers could be observed and the spectra of three of them analysed fully. The large 2J(P–P–P) coupling became greater (253, 292, 304 Hz) with decreasing abundance of the individual rotamers. The rotamers were modelled at the ab initio RHF/3–21G* level, and relative NMR chemical shifts predicted by the GIAO method using a locally dense basis set, allowing the observed spectra to be assigned to structures. Calculations at the same level for the model compound α‐P4S3(pthiq)Cl confirmed the assignments of low‐temperature rotamers of α‐P4S3(pthiq)I reported previously. Changes in observed P–P coupling constants and 31P chemical shifts, on rotating a pthiq substituent, could then be compared between β‐P4S3(pthiq)2 and α‐P4S3(pthiq)I, confirming both sets of assignments. The most abundant rotamer of β‐P4S3(pthiq)2 was not the one with the least sterically crowded sides of both pthiq substituents pointing towards the P4S3 cage, because of interaction between the two substituents. Only by using a DFT method could relative abundances of rotamers of β‐P4S3(pthiq)2 be predicted to be in the observed order. Use of racemic Hpthiq gave also the two diastereomers of β‐P4S3(pthiq)2 with Cs symmetry, for which the room temperature 31P{1H} NMR spectra were analysed fully.
Zur Charakterisierung von Orthogonalpolynomen in zwei Veränderlichen
Authors: Blankenagel Jürgen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn Arbeiten des Verfassers und von F. W. Schäfke und G. Wolf wurde aufgezeigt, wie sich für Orthogonalpolynome in einer Veränderlichen zu sehr verschiedenen Skalarprodukten Differentialrekursionen und Differentialgleichungen nach einheitlichem Schema herleiten lassen; nämlich, indem man ähnliche einfache Überlegungen, wie sie zum Beweis der klassischen dreigliedrigen Rekursion benutzt werden, auf geeignete zueinander adjungierte Differentialoperatoren anwendet. In dieser Arbeit wird nun dargestellt, wie sich dieses Prinzip auf Orthogonalpolynome in zwei Veränderlichen übertragen läßt, wie man damit die bekannten Ergebnisse erhalten kann und welche Formeln in bisher noch nicht behandelten Fällen entstehen.
Asymptotische Abschätzung inverser Matrizen mit einer Anwendung auf partielle Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Berg L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFür die Elemente der Inversen von Bandmatrizen mit konstanten Elementen in den Schrägzeilen wird unter zusätzlichen Voraussetzungen eine Abschätzung hergeleitet, die vom Format der Matrizen unabhängig ist. Diese Abschätzung wird benutzt, um für formale Reihenlösungen partieller Differentialgleichungen mit mehrgliedrigem Hauptbestandteil die Konvergenz nachzuweisen.
An Embedding Technique for a Class of Problems in Elastic Stability
Authors: Komkov V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBy including the length, shape and elastic moduli as additional parameters the problem of elastic stability acquires a new formulation permitting us to establish stability criteria independent of the usual manipulation of the Rayleigh quotient, or of the Rayleigh‐Ritz, or Galerkin schemes. Moreover, this technique permits us to establish two‐sided estimates concerning the values of critical loads in a manner much simpler than the Weinstein or Fichera procedures.
Non‐Linear Elastic Analysis of Circular Beams Loaded by Co‐planar Concentrated Forces
Authors: Panayotounakos D. E. , Theocaris P. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this investigation an analytical procedure for the non‐linear elastic analysis of a cantilever circular beam subjected to a concentrated co‐planar force at its free end is presented. According to this method the non‐linear differential equations, describing the equilibrium of the deformed beam, were decoupled and a closed‐form solution under the form of elliptic integrals was obtained.
Amides ofa‐sulfonated palmitic and stearic acids
Authors: Weil J. K. , Stirton A. J. , Bistline R. G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCarboxylic acid amides of α‐sulfopalmitic and α‐sulfostearic acids were prepared from ammonia, ethylamine, ethanolamine, isopropylalcoholamine, diethanolamine, and N‐methyltaurine, and were isolated as the sodium, ammonium, or ethanolammonium salt.A satisfactory method was found to be the reaction of the sulfocarboxylic acid with an excess of thionyl chloride, and further reaction of the acid chloride with an amine in a chlorinated solvent. More work is needed on the application of direct amidation methods to the preparation of these compounds.The solubility of the α‐sulfonated amides increased with substitution of alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and sulfoalkyl groups at the nitrogen atom. Ethanolammonium N‐hydroxyethyl‐α‐sulfopalmitamide, ethanolammonium N‐hydroxyethyl‐α‐sulfostearamide, sodium N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)‐α‐sulfostearamide, sodium di‐(N‐hydroxyethyl)‐α‐sulfostearamide, and disodium N‐methyl,N‐(2‐sulfoethyl)‐α‐sulfostearamide have aqueous solubility in excess of 10% at room temperature.Most of the sodium salts of the α‐sulfonated amides have good or excellent stability to calcium and other divalent ions and are excellent lime soap dispersing agents.
Effects of soybean pretreatments on crude oil quality
Authors: Chu Yan‐Hwa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects of soybean pretreatments, including infrared (IR) radiation, oven toasting, microwave heating and live steam treatment on crude oil quality were investigated. Free fatty acid, oxidation value, carbonyl value and tocopherol content were used to monitor crude soybean oil quality. All soybean pretreatments were effective in improving the quality of oils from 15 and 18% moisture beans. Based on the analyses, recommended treatments are 3–4 min for IR at 220V–250W; 1 min for microwave heating at 650 W–2450 mHz; 1–1.5 min for steam heating; and 100–120°C, 30 min for oven toasting. Heat treatment of high‐moisture soybeans before extraction yielded crude oil with a lower content of phosphatidic acid as compared to that of the untreated beans.
Effect of controlled temperature environments on oil content and on fatty acid composition of corn oil
Authors: Thompson D. L. , Jellum M. D. , Young C. T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTotal oil content and fatty acid composition of germ and endosperm oil were determined on grain from three inbred lines and one variety of corn (Zea mays L.) grown in four phytotron environments and one standard greenhouse environment during seed maturation. Pronounced differences occurred with reversals for relative percentages of oleic and linoleic acids of germ oil for one inbred line and for the variety. Comparative trends were generally less pronounced for two of the inbred lines. Differences among environments were less evident for palmitic, stearic, and linolenic acids of germ oil and for the fatty acids of the endosperm oil. Total oil was lowest for two inbred lines and the variety grown in the high temperature environment (30 C day/26 C night). The magnitude of temperature effects on oil content and oil composition varied among the four corn genotypes.
Direct cleavage of internal epoxides with periodic acid
Authors: Maerker G. , Haeberer E. T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReaction of methyl esters of epoxidized fatty acids with paraperiodic acid led to direct cleavage of epoxide functions and the production of aldehydes and methyl azelaaldehydate. The reaction was carried out in aqueous dioxane. The use of other solvents and the influence of reaction variables was examined. The reaction is essentially quantitative for methyl, 9,10‐epoxystearate.
Safflower oil adducts as plasticizers
Authors: Teeter H. M. , Cowan J. C. , Gast L. E. , Yurgen W. J. , Clark R. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEleven esters and epoxides of adducts of conjugated linoleic acid with maleic and acrylic acids, and eight esters and epoxides of adducts of vegetable oils with acrylic and maleic esters were evaluated as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile rubber, and polyvinylidene chloride, and in PVC plastisols. The dimethyl ester of the acrylic adduct of linoleic acid and its epoxide were the most promising as plasticizers for PVC and in PVC plastisols as their performance compared favorably with that of controls. In polyvinylidene chloride however these adducts had a slight adverse effect on color stability. The vegetable oil adduct esters and epoxides were incompatible with PVC but had extremely good compatibility with acrylonitrile rubber. In general, they performed like the petroleum type of plasticizers but were less volatile and less easily extractable.
War and insecurity: legacies of Northern and Southern state formation
Authors: DANNREUTHER ROLAND 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTMuch of the post-Cold War discourse about contemporary warfare posits a binary opposition between a ‘democratic peace’ in the North and the prevalence of virulent ‘new wars’ in the South. This article seeks to qualify these accounts by bringing out the deeper historical and sociological legacies of state formation critical for understanding the emergence of an internal peace amongst developed countries and the continuing insecurity and multiple civil wars in many poorer developing regions. It is argued that two features of Southern state formation – the external imposition of states and the enforced norm against territorial aggrandisement – have significantly constrained the development of many developing states, making it more difficult for them to forge strong, synergistic states whose security concerns are externally- rather than internally-oriented. The article argues that there is, though, much variation in how Southern states have responded to these historical legacies of state formation. The article concludes with a four-fold taxonomy to replace the simple North-South bifurcation, differentiating between developed, globalising, praetorian and failed states and identifying the differing potential for, and incidence of, violent conflict, insecurity, and war within these four types of state.
Propranolol causes a paradoxical enhancement of cardiomyocyte foetal gene response to hypertrophic stimuli
Authors: Patrizio M , Musumeci M , Stati T , Fasanaro P , Palazzesi S , Catalano L , Marano G 
Published: June 2007

Background and purpose:Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is associated with the expression of a gene profile reminiscent of foetal development. The non selective β‐adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol is able to blunt cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response in pressure‐overloaded hearts. It remains to be determined whether propranolol also attenuates the expression of hypertrophy‐associated foetal genes.Experimental approach:To address this question, the foetal gene programme, of which atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the β‐isoform of myosin heavy chain (β‐MHC), and the α‐skeletal muscle isoform of actin (skACT) are classical members, was induced by thoracic aortic coarctation (TAC) in C57BL/6 mice, or by phenylephrine, a selective α1‐adrenoceptor agonist, in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes.Key results:In TAC mice, the left ventricular weight‐to‐body weight (LVW/BW) ratio increased by 35% after 2 weeks. Levels of ANP, β‐MHC and skACT mRNA in the left ventricles increased 2.2‐fold, 2.0‐fold and 12.1‐fold, respectively, whereas α‐MHC and SERCA mRNA levels decreased by ≈ 50%. Although propranolol blunted cardiomyocyte growth, with approximately an 11% increase in the LVW/BW ratio, it enhanced the expression of ANP, β‐MHC and skACT genes (10.5‐fold, 27.7‐fold and 22.7‐fold, respectively). Propranolol also enhanced phenylephrine‐stimulated ANP and β‐MHC gene expression in cultured cardiomyocytes. Similar results were obtained with metoprolol, a selective β1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, but not with ICI 118551, a β2‐adrenoceptor antagonist.Conclusions and implications:Propranolol enhances expression of the hypertrophy‐associated foetal genes mainly via the β1‐adrenoceptor blockade. Our results also suggest that, in pressure‐overloaded hearts, cardiomyocyte growth and foetal gene expression occur as independent processes.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 152, 216–222; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707350