bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Inferior Capsular Shift on Shoulder Intra-articular Pressure
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Itoi Eiji , Tuoheti Yilihamu , Seki Nobutoshi , Abe Hidekazu , Minagawa Hiroshi , Shimada Yoichi , Okada Kyoji 
Published: February 2006

Background The inferior capsular shift procedure is commonly performed for multidirectional instability of the shoulder with excellent clinical results. Hypothesis The mechanism of this procedure is to increase shoulder stability by changing the responsiveness of intra-articular pressure to downward loading. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods In 7 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders, inferior capsular shift was simulated by imbricating the anterior and posterior capsule using clamps. The position was monitored using an electromagnetic tracking device with the glenohumeral joint capsule intact, imbricated anteriorly, or imbricated anteriorly and posteriorly and with the inferior load of 0, 0.5, or 1.0 kg. Simultaneously, intra-articular pressure was monitored using a pressure transducer. Saline was injected into the glenohumeral joint to measure capsular volume. The capsule was vented, and the position was again measured. Results Intra-articular pressure was –71 ± 19, –221 ± 70, and –366 ± 73 cm H2O with 0, 0.5, and 1.0 kg of load, respectively, with the capsule intact. With anterior imbrication, intra-articular pressure decreased to –79 ± 10, –274 ± 103, and –460 ± 135 cm H2O, respectively, and with anterior and posterior imbrication, intra-articular pressure further decreased to –87 ± 16, –308 ± 74, and –548 ± 39 cm H2O, respectively. The volume of the intact shoulder (36 ± 9 mL) significantly decreased to 27 ± 7 mL (75%) with anterior imbrication and to 15 ± 5 mL (42%) with anterior and posterior imbrications (P = .0001). Before venting the capsule, inferior displacement was 5% of the vertical length of the glenoid, even with 1.0 kg of load with any capsular conditions. After venting, the humeral head dislocated inferiorly in all shoulders, even after imbrications. Conclusion The inferior capsular shift procedure decreases joint volume and increases responsiveness of intra-articular pressure to downward loading. Clinical Relevance Biomechanical data provide scientific background to the commonly performed procedures of inferior capsular shift and thermal capsular shrinkage.
Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Olsen Samuel J. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Dun Shouchen , Loftice Jeremy , Andrews James R. 
Published: February 2006

Background There is little evidence supporting current safety recommendations for adolescent pitchers. Hypothesis Pitching practices of adolescent pitchers without history of arm injury will be significantly different from those of adolescent pitchers who required shoulder or elbow surgery. Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Ninety-five adolescent pitchers who had shoulder or elbow surgery and 45 adolescent pitchers who never had a significant pitching-related injury completed a survey. Responses were compared between the 2 groups using t tests and analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify the risk factors. Results The injured group pitched significantly more months per year, games per year, innings per game, pitches per game, pitches per year, and warm-up pitches before a game. These pitchers were more frequently starting pitchers, pitched in more showcases, pitched with higher velocity, and pitched more often with arm pain and fatigue. They also used anti-inflammatory drugs and ice more frequently to prevent an injury. Although the groups were age matched, the injured group was taller and heavier. There were no significant differences regarding private pitching instruction, coach's chief concern, pitcher's self-rating, exercise programs, stretching practices, relieving frequency, pitch type frequency, or age at which pitch types were first thrown. Conclusion Pitching practices were significantly different between the groups. The factors with the strongest associations with injury were overuse and fatigue. High pitch velocity and participation in showcases were also associated with increased risk for injury. Clinical Relevance New recommendations were made based on these results. Adherence to the recommendations may reduce the incidence of significant injury to adolescent pitchers.
Sports and Recreation Activity of Ankle Arthritis Patients before and after Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Valderrabano Victor , Pagenstert Geert , Horisberger Monika , Knupp Markus , Hintermann Beat 
Published: February 2006

Background Total ankle replacement is a possible treatment for ankle arthritis; however, participation in sports after this procedure has not yet been analyzed. Hypotheses There is a significant increase of sports activity after total ankle replacement in patients with arthritis. There is a significant correlation between sports activity and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score in patients after total ankle replacement. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods A clinical evaluation was performed preoperatively and at follow-up after total ankle replacement in 147 patients (152 ankles) with ankle arthritis (mean age, 59.6 years; range, 28-86 years). Ankle arthritis origin, patient satisfaction, range of motion, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score, radiologic assessment, and rate, level, and type of sports activity were documented at both evaluations. The mean follow-up was 2.8 years (range, 2-4 years). Results Preoperative diagnosis was posttraumatic osteoarthritis in 115 cases (76%). At total ankle replacement follow-up, excellent and good outcomes were reported in 126 cases (83%); 105 cases (69%) were pain free. The mean range of motion preoperatively was 21° (range, 0°-45°); after total ankle replacement, it was 35° (range, 10°-55°; P < .05). The preoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 36 points; after total ankle replacement, it was 84 points (P < .001). Before surgery, 36% of the patients were active in sports; after surgery, this percentage rose to 56% (P < .001). After total ankle replacement, sports-active patients showed a significantly higher hindfoot score than did patients not active in sports: 88 versus 79 points (P < .001). The 3 most frequent sports activities were hiking, biking, and swimming. Conclusion There was a significant increase of sports activity by treating ankle arthritis patients with total ankle replacement. Sports-active total ankle replacement patients showed better functional results than did inactive ones.
Midterm and Long-term Results after Arthroscopic Suture Repair of Isolated, Longitudinal, Vertical Meniscal Tears in Stable Knees
Authors: Majewski Martin , Stoll Reinhard , Widmer Heinz , Müller Werner , Friederich Niklaus F. 
Published: February 2006

Background The long-term outcome of meniscal suture repair has not been firmly established. Purpose To compare the midterm and long-term functional and radiographic outcome of meniscal suture repairs with the natural history of the uninjured knees of each of a cohort of patients. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Eighty-eight patients with an isolated, longitudinal, vertical tear of one of the menisci within a stable knee were arthroscopically treated with a meniscal suture repair. No patient had a previous surgery, and no additional chondral lesion was present. The opposite knee of each patient was uninjured. Both knees of each patient were examined clinically and radiographically in a retrospective follow-up 5 to 17 years (mean, 10 years) after meniscal repair. Results Three patients with postoperative complications and 21 patients whose menisci had to be removed because of rerupture were excluded from further evaluation for purposes of this study. The remaining 64 patients reached a mean Tegner activity level of 6 points (range, 3-10 points) and achieved a mean Lysholm score of 94 points (range, 26-100 points). Osteoarthritis was found in 46 of the injured knees, compared with 27 of the uninjured knees (P = .004). However, 42 of the patients had no difference in the grade of osteoarthritis between the injured knee and the uninjured knee, 19 had a difference of 1 grade, 2 had a difference of 2 grades, and 1 had a difference of 3 grades. Conclusion Arthroscopic meniscal repair for isolated longitudinal meniscal injuries in stable knees yields favorable functional results, but its effects on the risk of secondary osteoarthritis are not clear.
Comparison of Fresh Osteochondral Autografts and Allografts
Authors: Glenn R. Edward , McCarty Eric C. , Potter Hollis G. , Juliao Saul F. , Gordon Jeffrey D. , Spindler Kurt P. 
Published: February 2006

Background Osteochondral autografts and allografts have been widely used in the treatment of isolated grade IV articular cartilage lesions of the knee. However, the authors are not aware of any study that has prospectively compared fresh osteochondral autografts to fresh allografts with regard to imaging, biomechanical testing, and histology. Hypothesis The imaging, biomechanical properties, and histologic appearance of fresh osteochondral autograft and fresh allo-graft are similar with respect to bony incorporation into host bone, articular cartilage composition, and biomechanical properties. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Eighteen adult dogs underwent bilateral knee osteochondral graft implantation after creation of an Outerbridge grade IV cartilage defect. One knee received an autograft, and the contralateral knee received a fresh allograft. Nine dogs were sacrificed at 3 months, and 9 dogs were sacrificed at 6 months. Graft analysis included gross examination, radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, biomechanical testing, and histology. Results Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated excellent bony incorporation of both autografts and allografts. Biomechanical testing demonstrated no significant difference between autografts versus allografts versus control at 3 or 6 months (P= .36-.91). A post hoc calculation showed 80% power to detect a 30% difference between allograft and control. Histologic examination showed normal cartilage structure for both autografts and allografts. Conclusion Fresh osteochondral autograft and fresh allograft tissues are not statistically different with respect to bony incorporation, articular cartilage composition, or biomechanical properties up to 6 months after implantation. Clinical Relevance The use of fresh allograft tissue to treat osteochondral defects eliminates morbidity associated with harvesting autograft tissue without compromising the results of the surgical procedure.
In Defense of Utopia
Authors: Sargent Lyman Tower 
Published: February 2006

In a number of recent and forthcoming articles and papers, I have argued that while utopia can be dangerous, utopian visions are absolutely essential, that we must choose utopia. Today, I want to try to give you the essence of that argument while also relating it to some new issues. Let me summarize my argument:1.Hope/desire for a better life in this life is a central aspect of the human experience.2.That hope/desire has often been distorted by ideology and religion.3.That hope/desire has often been captured to serve the economic and political ends of the powerful.4.When that hope/desire is distorted or captured, it can become dangerous.5.That danger usually comes about because the hope/desire is warped so that the better life is only for a select few or in-group, thus creating an out-group, an other, who can be neglected, harmed, even killed to achieve the end. Such groups have included members of other religions, indigenous peoples, other ethnic groups, ideologies, and so forth. The boundaries of the other have often been changed to include some formerly in the in-group.6.Even so, that hope/desire for a better life is the only effective means of overcoming such distortion/capture.
Neurological imaging as evidence in political science: a review, critique, and guiding assessment
Authors: Tingley Dustin 
Published: February 2006

English Political scientists have access to a number of competing methodologies that marshal different forms of evidence for their arguments about political phenomena. Recently a new form of evidence has appeared in political science research and, more frequently, economics: spatially explicit and time-varying neurological activity of human subjects engaged in political or economic decision-making. As with any of the more standard methodologies, this approach carries with it a set of orienting theories linking hypotheses with the types of data induced to support or falsify these theories. While this new form of evidence is exciting, especially for the empirically minded social scientist, it deserves the utmost scrutiny. I provide a review of how neurological imaging is being used in the social sciences and consider several problems and prospects of using neuroimaging data in political science. French Les sciences politiques ont recours à des méthodes de recherche et à des évidences empiriques diverses pour étudier les phénomènes politiques. Récemment, les chercheurs en sciences politiques et plus souvent encore en économie se sont tout particulièrement intéressés à l'activité cérébrale, objectivable dans l'espace et variant dans le temps, de sujets humains en situation de prise de décision politique ou économique. Comme toute autre méthode de recherche, cette approche s'appuie sur des orientations théoriques, qui font le lien entre les hypothèses de recherche et les données destinées à étayer ou invalider ces théories. Si cette approche nouvelle semble prometteuse, tout particulièrement pour les chercheurs à l'esprit empirique, elle mérite d'être examinée en profondeur. L'article fait le point sur l'utilisation des résultats de l'imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle en sciences sociales et considère les différents problèmes qu'elle pose ainsi que les perspectives nouvelles qu'elle peut offrir en sciences politiques.
Nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics: a scientific wonderland
Authors: Blum Kenneth , Chen Thomas J.H. , Blum Seth H. , Downs Bernard W. , Braverman Eric R. , Mengucci Julie F. , Meshkin Brian 
Published: February 2006

English As scientists engaged in understanding the potential of drug/nutrient responses as a function of our genome and all of its ramifications including academic and commercial aspects, our future looks bright. While, however, being cautious about our future especially in terms of regulatory issues, gene-nutrition interactions especially related to genome-based response will indeed be the next cornerstone of solid scientific approaches to assist individuals in choosing dietary supplements, functional foods, and even nutritional beverages on an individualized basis. Nutrigenomics is the key to what we have termed “nutritional gene therapy” and from its origin will spring gene mapping as the wave of the future in nutrition. The information provided in this article will serve as evidence of our conviction of this scientific wonderland of opportunity (see Daniel, 2002). French Dès lors que les scientifiques ont commencé à s'intéresser aux réactions potentielles aux médicaments/aliments en fonction de notre génome ainsi qu'à tous leurs aspects, y compris académiques et commerciaux, notre futur s'éclaire. Tout en restant prudent à l'avenir, en particulier en termes de problèmes de régulation, il est clair que les interactions gènes-nutrition, en particulier celles liées aux réactions en fonction du génome, seront la pierre angulaire d'approches scientifiques solides, qui guideront les individus dans le choix de suppléments nutritionnels, d'une alimentation fonctionnelle, et même de boissons nutritionnelles, de façon individualisée. La "Nutrigénomique'' est la clé de ce que nous appelons la "thérapie génique nutritionnelle'' et placera d'emblée la carte génique au coeur de l'avenir de la nutrition. Cet article présente des données propres à étayer notre conviction de ce "pays des merveilles'' scientifique qui se trouve à notre portée (Daniel, 2002).
Exiles and ethnographers: an essay
Authors: Schlesinger Philip 
Published: February 2006

English The generically challenging work of W.G. Sebald is the point of departure for this essay, which reflects on the role of evidence and research in literary and non-literary works and the affinities between anthropological and literary ethnographies. The crucial place of borders and passports for the exile is discussed, as is the importance of photography for the constitution of exilic memories and identities. The essay concludes with reflections on the diasporic photography of Frédéric Brenner. Exilic ethnography is connected to an ethics of memory. French L'œuvre littéraire de W. G. Sebald - difficile à catégoriser - est la base de cet essai. L'objectif est d'analyser le rôle joué dans la production tant littéraire que non-littéraire d'un mode de représentation qui évoque la recherche. Quelles sont les affinités entre ethnographies anthropologiques et ethnographies littéraires? Pour l'exilé, la frontière est un obstacle à franchir et le passeport un moyen indispensable pour fuir. Ainsi, tous deux jouent un rôle clé dans l'imaginaire d'exil. Enfin, notre essai traite de la photographie diasporique de Frédéric Brenner, en concluant que l'ethnographie de l'exil est liée à une éthique de la mémoire.
Travail d’articulation et organisations-frontières dans la recherche urbaine française
Authors: Milanovic Fabien 
Published: February 2006

English The multiplication of locations and the differentiation of social actors encountered in contemporary sciences raise organizational problems. Basing itself on a case study in the social sciences, viz. French urban research, this article offers an analysis of the institutional articulation process that enables both the activities of knowledge production to be linked to other social activities and the researchers to interact with other classes of social actors. The article thus suggests a setting in perspective of the contemporary modes of knowledge production, taking into account their diversity as well as their political stakes. French La multiplication des sites et la différenciation des acteurs que l'on rencontre dans les sciences contemporaines posent des proble`mes en termes d'organisation. En s'appuyant sur une étude de cas en sciences sociales, la recherche urbaine française, cet article propose une analyse du travail institutionnel d'articulation qui a pour objet de permettre à la fois aux activités de production de connaissances scientifiques d'être connectées à d'autres activités sociales et aux chercheurs d'interagir avec d'autres types d'acteurs. C'est ainsi à une mise en perspective des actuels modes de production des savoirs qu'invite ce texte, qui fasse cas de leur pluralité et de leurs enjeux politiques.
Complexity Results for Collective Communications on Heterogeneous Platforms
Authors: Beaumont O. , Marchal L. , Robert Y. 
Published: February 2006

In this paper, we consider the communications involved in the execution of a complex application, deployed on a heterogeneous platform. Such applications extensively use macro-communication schemes, for example to broadcast data items, either to all resources (broadcast) or to a restricted set of targets (multicast). Rather than aiming at minimizing the execution time of a single collective communication, we focus on the steady-state operation. We assume that there is a large number of messages to be broadcast or multicast in pipelined fashion, and we aim at maximizing the throughput, i.e. the (rational) number of messages which can be broadcast or multicast every timestep. We target heterogeneous platforms, modeled by a graph where resources have different communication and computation speeds. Achieving the best throughput may well require that the target platform is used in totality: different messages may need to be transferred along different paths. The main focus of the paper is on complexity results. We aim at presenting a unified framework for analyzing the complexity of collective communication schemes. We concentrate on the classification (whether maximizing the throughput is a polynomial or NP-hard problem), rather than actually providing efficient polynomial algorithms (when such algorithms are known, we refer to bibliographical pointers).
Hybrid Preemptive Scheduling of Message Passing Interface Applications on Grids
Authors: Bouteiller Aurélien , Bouziane Hinde-Lilia , Herault Thomas , Lemarinier Pierre , Cappello Franck 
Published: February 2006

Time sharing between cluster resources in a grid is a major issue in cluster and grid integration. Classical grid architecture involves a higher-level scheduler which submits non-overlapping jobs to the independent batch schedulers of each cluster of the grid. The sequentiality induced by this approach does not fit with the expected number of users and job heterogeneity of grids. Time sharing techniques address this issue by allowing simultaneous executions of many applications on the same resources. Co-scheduling and gang scheduling are the two best known techniques for time sharing cluster resources. Coscheduling relies on the operating system of each node to schedule the processes of every application. Gang scheduling ensures that the same application is scheduled on all nodes simultaneously. Previous work has proven that coscheduling techniques outperform gang scheduling when physical memory is not exhausted. In this paper, we introduce a new hybrid sharing technique providing checkpoint-based explicit memory management. It consists in co-scheduling parallel applications within a set, until the memory capacity of the node is reached, and using gang scheduling related techniques to switch from one set to another one. We compare experimentally the merits of the three solutions (co-scheduling, gang scheduling, and hybrid scheduling) in the context of out-of-core computing, which is likely to occur in the grid context, where many users share the same resources. Additionally, we address the problem of heterogeneous applications by comparing hybrid scheduling to an optimized version relying on paired scheduling. The experiments show that the hybrid solution is as efficient as the co-scheduling technique when the physical memory is not exhausted, can benefit from the paired scheduling optimization technique when applications are heterogeneous, and is more efficient than gang scheduling and coscheduling when physical memory is exhausted.
Low threshold: a future model for drug service provision? An evaluation of the model used in South Islington Drug Services
Authors: Fernandez Jeff , McNeill Campbell , Haskew Michael , Orr Terry 
Published: February 2006

This paper illustrates the key role the nurse can play in reshaping and streamlining a service for more effective treatment. This is demonstrated using the example at the Islington Drugs Service in London, where external pressures initiated a re-design of the part of the service and its aim and objectives. This re-design was successful and it is noted that, while the team delivering the service was multi-disciplinary, nurses played a central role in the effective design and implementation that ultimately received positive feedback from the clients involved in the project. Good clinical knowledge and an ability to think creatively and practically are important skills for nurses in today's healthcare system. This paper hopefully illustrates that nurses are well placed to play an active role in re-designing services and should definitely be playing a central role in strategic service delivery.
In situ Polymerization of Liquid Crystalline Monomers within Photoaligned Mesoporous Silica Thin Film
Authors: Fukumoto Haruhiko , Nagano Shusaku , Seki Takahiro 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Photopolymerization of liquid crystalline monomers was achieved within photoaligned mesoporous silica film. After resolving the template of silica networks, bundles of nanofibers containing polymer chains with a narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained.