bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards sustainable grassland and livestock management
Authors: KEMP D. R. , MICHALK D. L. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYGrasslands are one of the world's major ecosystems groups and over the last century their use has changed from being volunteer leys, or a resource on non-arable land, to a productive resource equal to any crop and managed as such. Many grasslands are now being acknowledged as having a multifunctional role in producing food and rehabilitating crop lands, in environmental management and cultural heritage. However, grasslands across the globe are under increasing pressure from increasing human populations, reduced areas with increasing livestock numbers, and declining terms of trade for livestock production, and they are managed to varying degrees of effectiveness. The complexity of grassland uses and the many aspects of grassy ecosystems require a framework wherein solutions for better management can be developed. The present paper discusses a generic approach to grassland management to satisfy these multiple objectives. A focus on ecosystem functionality, i.e. on water, nutrient and energy cycling and on the biodiversity required to sustain those functions, provides a means of resolving the dilemmas faced, through the intermediary, management-related, criteria of herbage mass, which also relates directly to animal production. Emphasis is placed on the opportunities to satisfy multiple objectives. A consideration of the basic relationships between stocking rate and animal production shows that the longer-term, economically optimal stocking rate is associated with improved environmental outcomes. There may be environmental objectives that go beyond economically sustainable limits for livestock producers and in those cases direct payments from the government or others will be needed. These are likely to be where degradation is clearly apparent. The achievement of desirable outcomes in grassland management that satisfy multiple objectives will require new areas of research that seek viable solutions for farmers and society.
Chronic facial pain following injection of sodium tetradecyl sulphate into an intraparotid haemolymphangioma
Authors: Crampsey D P , Cochrane L , Roebuck D , Hartley B E 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:We report a rare case of chronic facial pain following sclerotherapy for intraparotid haemolymphangioma, thereby highlighting an important clinical consideration when advising this treatment option as an alternative to surgery in the head and neck.Method:Case report, with a review of relevant literature.Results:Sclerotherapy of lymphangiomata is well reported in the literature. Unusually, our young patient with an intraparotid haemolymphangioma experienced severe, chronic pain following intralesional injection of sodium tetradecyl sulphate, which required management by a specialist pain service. We discuss the technique of sclerotherapy for such lesions, and also discuss the potential side effects of two agents commonly used in our centre: OK 432 and sodium tetradecyl sulphate.Conclusion:Non-surgical treatments of lymphangiomata and venous vascular malformations are not without complication. Both patient and clinician should be aware of this, and of the other potential side effects of sclerotherapy, prior to its use in the head and neck.
Dynamic dexterity of a planar 2-DOF parallel manipulator in a hybrid machine tool
Authors: Wu Jun , Wang Jinsong , Li Tiemin , Wang Liping , Guan Liwen 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the dynamic dexterity of a planar 2-degree of freedom (DOF) parallel manipulator with virtual constraint. Without simplification, the dynamic formulation is derived by using the virtual work principle. The condition number of the inertia matrix of the dynamic equation is presented as a criterion to evaluate the dynamic dexterity of a manipulator. In order to obtain the best isotropic configuration of the dynamic dexterity in the whole workspace, two global performance indices, which consider the mean value and standard deviation of the condition number of the inertia matrix, respectively, are proposed as the objective function. For a given set of geometrical and inertial parameters, the dynamic dexterity of the parallel manipulator is more isotropic in the center than at the boundaries of the workspace.
Mobile robot localization using the Hausdorff distance
Authors: Donoso-Aguirre F. , Bustos-Salas J.-P. , Torres-Torriti M. , Guesalaga A. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel method for localization of mobile robots in structured environments. The estimation of the position and orientation of the robot relies on the minimisation of the partial Hausdorff distance between ladar range measurements and a floor plan image of the building. The approach is employed in combination with an extended Kalman filter to obtain accurate estimates of the robot's position, heading and velocity. Good estimates of these variables were obtained during tests performed using a differential drive robot, thus demonstrating that the approach provides an accurate, reliable and computationally feasible alternative for indoor robot localization and autonomous navigation.
Generic types and transitions in hyperbolic initial–boundary-value problems
Authors: Benzoni-Gavage Sylvie , Rousset Frédéric , Serre Denis , Zumbrun K. 
Published: July 2007

The stability of linear initial–boundary-value problems for hyperbolic systems (with constant coefficients) is linked to the zeros of the so-called Lopatinskii determinant. Depending on the location of these zeros, problems may be either unstable, strongly stable or weakly stable. The first two classes are known to be ‘open’, in the sense that the instability or the strong stability persists under a small change of coefficients in the differential operator and/or in the boundary condition.Here we show that a third open class exists, which we call ‘weakly stable of real type’. Many examples of physical or mathematical interest depend on one or more parameters, and the determination of the stability class as a function of these parameters usually needs an involved computation. We simplify it by characterizing the transitions from one open class to another one. These boundaries are easier to determine since they must solve some overdetermined algebraic system.Applications to the wave equation, linear elasticity, shock waves and phase boundaries in fluid mechanics are given.
Welcoming Address
Authors: Harmanec Petr 
Published: July 2007

It is great privilege for me to welcome so many of you to Prague, or Praha as we call our capital in Czech.We have been witnessing a very rapid development of observational techniques over the past few decades, leading to many exciting discoveries, quite often in the field of extragalactic research. I sometimes sense the tendency to consider the studies of binaries and stars in general as exhausted topics. However, we all know that the better our real and deep understanding of the principal sources of radiative energy in the Universe becomes, the safer will be the ground for studies of all higher hierarchical systems.
Charles Edmund Worley (1935–1997)
Authors: Mason Brian D. , Hartkopf William I. , Corbin Thomas E. , Douglass Geoffrey G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn keeping with its co-sponsorship by members of both the “close” and “wide” binary star communities, IAU Symposium 240 has been jointly dedicated to the honor of Czech astronomer Mirek J. Plavec and the memory of U.S. astronomer Charles E. Worley.Charles Worley, long-time astronomer at the U.S. Naval Observatory, was born on May 22, 1935, in Iowa City, Iowa, and grew up in Des Moines the son of an M.D., Charles L. Worley, and his wife Iona Cooney Worley, a homemaker. He became interested in astronomy at age nine. His first observational work as an amateur astronomer was plotting and recording more than 10,000 meteors for the American Meteor Society. Continuing his love for astronomy he attended Swarthmore College, where he took part in the parallax program as an Observing Assistant. He also met the other love of his life, his wife, Jane Piper. They were married in 1956 next to Sproul Observatory on the Swarthmore campus. He obtained a B.A. in mathematics from San Jose State College in 1959. He worked for the Lick Observatory in California (1959–1961) as a Senior Assistant and Research Astronomer under a Naval Research grant to observe double stars. After arriving at the U.S. Naval Observatory in 1961, he was the motive force behind an extensive program of double star observation (being himself, a prolific observer), instrumental innovation, and double star cataloging. He quickly gained recognition as one of the world's leading experts in the field of double star astronomy. Charles died on New Year's Eve, 1997, two days before his scheduled retirement.
Analysis of the Eclipsing Binaries in the LMC Discovered by OGLE: Period Distribution and Frequency of the Short–Period Binaries
Authors: Mazeh Tsevi , Tamuz Omer , North Pierre 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe review the results of our analysis of the OGLE LMC eclipsing binaries (Mazeh, Tamuz & North 2006), using EBAS — Eclipsing Binary Automated Solver, an automated algorithm to fit lightcurves of eclipsing binaries (Tamuz, Mazeh & North 2006). After being corrected for observational selection effects, the set of detected eclipsing binaries yielded the period distribution and the frequency of all LMC short-period binaries, and not just the eclipsing systems. Somewhat surprisingly, the period distribution is consistent with a flat distribution in logP between 2 and 10 days. The total number of binaries with periods shorter than 10 days in the LMC was estimated to be about 5000. This figure led us to suggest that (0.7± 0.4)% of the main-sequence A- and B-type stars are found in binaries with periods shorter than 10 days. This frequency is substantially smaller than the fraction of binaries found by smaller radial-velocity surveys of Galactic B stars.
A Survey of Stellar Families: Multiplicity Among Solar-type Stars
Authors: Raghavan Deepak , McAlister H. A. , Henry T. J. , Mason B. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractStellar multiplicity is a fundamental astrophysical property. In addition to being the only physical basis for accurate mass determination, this parameter is believed to influence important aspects such as planet formation and stability. Contrary to earlier expectations, recent studies have shown that even against selection biases, as many as 23% of the planetary systems reside in multiple star systems (Raghavan et al. 2006)). Leveraging recent efforts in identifying stellar and substellar companions to solar-type stars, and augmenting them with targeted observations, we are conducting a comprehensive survey, aimed at providing a modern update to the seminal work of Duquennoy & Mayor (1991). The details of our sample, survey methods, and some preliminary results are presented here.
Interferometric Constraints on Gravity Darkening with Application to the Modeling of Spica A & B
Authors: Aufdenberg J.P. , Ireland M. J. , Mérand A. , du Foresto V. Coudé , Absil O. , Folco E. Di , Kervella P. , Bagnuolo W. G. , Gies D. R. , Ridgway S. T. , Berger D. H. , ten Brummelaar T. A. , McAlister H. A. , Sturmann J. , Sturmann L. , Turner N. H. , Jacob A. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn 2005 we obtained very precise interferometric measurements of the pole-on rapid rotator Vega (A0 V) with the longest baselines of the Center for High Angular Angular Resolution (CHARA) Array and the Fiber Linked Unit for Optical Recombination (FLUOR). For the analysis of these data, we developed a code for mapping sophisticated PHOENIX model atmospheres on to the surface of rotationally distorted stars described by a Roche-von Zeipel formalism. Given a set of input parameters for a star or binary pair, this code predicts the interferometric visibility, spectral energy distribution and high-resolution line spectrum expected for the system. For the gravity-darkened Vega, our model provides a very good match to theK-band interferometric data, a good match to the spectral energy distribution – except below 160 nm – and a rather poor match to weak lines in the high dispersion spectrum where the model appears overly gravity darkened. In 2006, we used the CHARA Array and FLUOR to obtain high precision measurements of the massive, non-eclipsing, double-line spectroscopic binary Spica, a 4-day period system where both components are gravity darkened rapid rotators. These data supplement recent data obtained with the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer (SUSI). Our study follows the classic 1971 study by Herbison-Evanset al. who resolved Spica as a binary with the Narrabri Stellar Intensity Interferometer (NSII). We will report on our progress modeling the new interferometric and archival spectroscopic data, with the goal towards better constraining the apsidal constant.
The Formation of Binary Stars
Authors: Clarke C.J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractI argue that binary star statistics offer the best observational constraints on current hydrodynamical simulations of star forming clusters. In these simulations, clusters form hierarchically from the bottom up, and dynamical interactions, mediated by the presence of circumstellar material, play a vital role at the lowest (few body) level of the hierarchy. Such a scenario produces a rich array of complex multiple systems whose properties are in many respects consistent with observations. I however highlight two areas of current disagreement: the simulations over-produce low mass single stars and under-produce binaries with low mass ratios. It is currently unclear to what extent these shortcomings reflect numerical issues and to what extent the omission of relevant physical processes. I conclude with a theorist's wish list for observational diagnostics that would most meaningfully constrain future modeling efforts.
Active Longitudes and Flip-Flops in Binary Stars
Authors: Korhonen Heidi , Järvinen Silva P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present results from an investigation where the long-term photometry of several magnetically active RS CVn binaries is studied to see whether or not they show permanent active longitudes and the flip-flop phenomenon. We confirm that it is very common for the active regions to occur on permanent active longitudes. Many of our target stars also show clear flip-flop phenomenon, but often the data set is not long enough for reliable determination of the flip-flop period.
Labile associations between fungus-growing ant cultivars and their garden pathogens
Authors: Gerardo Nicole M , Caldera Eric J 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The distribution of genetic and phenotypic variation in both hosts and parasites over their geographic ranges shapes coevolutionary dynamics. Specifically, concordant host and parasite distributions facilitate localized adaptation and further specialization of parasite genotypes on particular host genotypes. We here compare genetic population structure of the cultivated fungi of the fungus-growing ant Apterostigma dentigerum and of the cultivar-attacking fungus, Escovopsis, to determine whether these microbial associations have evolved or are likely to evolve genotype–genotype specialization. Analyses based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping of host cultivars and pathogenic Escovopsis from 77 A. dentigerum colonies reveal that populations of hosts and pathogens are not similarly diverged and that host and pathogen genetic distances are uncorrelated, indicating that genetically similar parasites are not infecting genetically similar hosts. Microbial bioassays between pathogens and cultivars of different genotypes and from different populations show little pairwise specificity; most Escovopsis strains tested can successfully infect all cultivar strains with which they are paired. These molecular and experimental data suggest that Escovopsis genotypes are not tightly tracking cultivar genotypes within the A. dentigerum system. The diffuse nature of this host–pathogen association, in which pathogen genotypes are not interacting with a single host genotype but instead with many different hosts, will influence evolutionary and ecological disease dynamics of the fungus-growing ant–microbe symbiosis.
Fluoxetine for Migraine Prophylaxis: A Double‐Blind Trial
Authors: D'Amato Cesare Colucci , Pizza Vincenzo , Marmolo Teresa , Giordano Edoardo , Alfano Vincenza , Nasta Antonio 
Published: July 2007

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have recently been used in the treatment of migraine.Objective.—We studied the safety and efficacy of fluoxetine in the prevention of migraine.Patients.—Between February 1997 and December 1997, we examined 52 patients (33 women) at the Headache Diagnosis and Therapy Service of the Second University of Naples. Ages ranged from 18 to 65 years, and all patients suffered from migraine without aura according to IHS 1988 criteria. The sample was divided into two groups: group A included 32 patients (19 women; mean age, 36.8 years [SD 12.4]) who received fluoxetine at a dosage of 20 mg per day; group B included 20 patients (14 women; mean age, 38.8 years [SD 15.6]) who received placebo.Methods.—Our study was a single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, parallel study of fluoxetine for the prophylactic control of migraine and consisted of two phases: 30 days of pharmacological wash out and 6 months of therapy with monthly follow‐up. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: A, fluoxetine or B, placebo.At the first visit, patients provided a detailed history and underwent neurological evaluation and a Zung test for depression. No pathological values were revealed.In order to monitor symptomatology, all patients received a form for the calculation of the total pain index at monthly follow‐up.Results.—A comparison of the total pain index between basal values (calculated during the period of wash out) and monthly follow‐up (calculated monthly during the period of 6 months of the therapy) showed significant reduction (P<.05) beginning from the third month of treatment in the fluoxetine group and no significant reduction in the placebo group.Conclusion.—Even if preliminary and to be confirmed, these data seem to support the use of fluoxetine in the treatment of migraine.
Prevalence of Migraine in Schoolchildren and Some Clinical Comparisons Between Migraine With and Without Aura
Authors: Mavromichalis Ioannis , Anagnostopoulos Demetrios , Metaxas Nickolas , Papanastassiou Emanuel 
Published: July 2007

Objectives.—To determine the prevalence of migraine and its association with age, gender, and social class and to find out whether or not the headache and nonheadache characteristics differ between children with migraine, with and without aura, using the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society for childhood migraine.Design.—Population‐based study in two stages comprising an initial screening questionnaire followed by telephone interviews of children with symptoms.Setting.—Eighteen kindergarten and 39 primary and secondary schools in Thessaloniki and its semiurban areas.Subjects.—Four thousand children, aged 4 to 15 years, representing a random sample of 5% of schoolchildren in Thessaloniki and its semiurban areas.Main Outcome Measures.—(1) The prevalence of migraine, (2) the connection of migraine with social class, (3) differences in the occurrence of individual symptoms between migraine with and without aura.Results.—The results of the present study show that migraine prevalence was 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4 to 7.0). The estimated prevalences of migraine with and without aura were 2.8% (95% CI, 2.3 to 3.4) and 3.4% (CI, 2.8 to 4.0), respectively. The prevalence of migraine increased with age and it was found to be almost equal in boys and girls aged 7 to 9 years or younger, but in older age groups the prevalence was higher in girls than in boys. The data showed no evidence that connected migraine with social class. It also showed that except for the aura, the headache (eg, frequency, duration, location, quality, and severity) and nonheadache (eg, nausea, vomiting, phonophobia, and photophobia) characteristics were no different between children with migraine, with and without aura. In conclusion, our findings indicate that migraine is a common underdiagnosed cause of severe recurrent headache in children. The findings show that childhood migraine is not connected with social class and varies with age and gender, and that except for the aura, both migraine with and without aura are so similar in their headache and nonheadache clinical characteristics that a common pathogenesis is plausible.
Demographics of Attendees at Public Education Seminars
Authors: Klapper Jack A. , Sheftell Fred D. , Seawell Marcia 
Published: July 2007

Purpose.—The demographics of patients who attend public awareness seminars relating to headache have not been studied. In order to improve the presentations at these meetings, it was felt that the meeting planners should know as much as possible about the audience.Methods.—Attendees at a public awareness seminar entitled Help for Headaches were asked to respond to a series of questions using an audience response system.Results.—The majority of the 212 responders were women (90%) and were over the age of 50 (53%). Most felt that they had more than one type of headache (64%), were treated by a family practitioner or internist (58%), and had been denied important diagnostic or therapeutic modalities (42%). The majority were dissatisfied with current treatment (87%) and attended the meeting to find out more about new treatments (64%). Fifty‐eight percent felt their physicians did not know enough about headaches. Forty‐nine percent felt they had rebound headaches.Conclusions.—Public awareness seminars for headache should be designed with the realization that most attendees will be women who have more than one type of headache. The majority will be interested in new and alternative therapies, and approximately half will have rebound headaches.
Quantitative quality-assessment techniques to compare fractionation and depletion methods in SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry experiments
Authors: Harezlak Jaroslaw , Wang Mike , Christiani David , Lin Xihong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMotivation: Mass spectrometry (MS), such as the surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) MS, provides a potentially promising proteomic technology for biomarker discovery. An important matter for such a technology to be used routinely is its reproducibility. It is of significant interest to develop quantitative measures to evaluate the quality and reliability of different experimental methods.Results: We compare the quality of SELDI-TOF MS data using unfractionated, fractionated plasma samples and abundant protein depletion methods in terms of the numbers of detected peaks and reliability. Several statistical quality-control and quality-assessment techniques are proposed, including the Graeco–Latin square design for the sample allocation on a Protein chip, the use of the pairwise Pearson correlation coefficient as the similarity measure between the spectra in conjunction with multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) for graphically evaluating similarity of replicates and assessing outlier samples; and the use of the reliability ratio for evaluating reproducibility. Our results show that the number of peaks detected is similar among the three sample preparation technologies, and the use of the Sigma multi-removal kit does not improve peak detection. Fractionation of plasma samples introduces more experimental variability. The peaks detected using the unfractionated plasma samples have the highest reproducibility as determined by the reliability ratio.Availability: Our algorithm for assessment of SELDI-TOF experiment quality is available at http://www.biostat.harvard.edu/~xlinContact: harezlak@post.harvard.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.