bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friction and camber influences on the static stiffness properties of a racing tyre
Authors: Gruber P , Sharp R S , Crocombe A D 
Published: November 2008

Investigation of the stationary load—deflection behaviour of tyres reveals many details of the structure and the rubber-to-road friction properties. These characteristics are fundamental to the understanding of the behaviour of both the stationary and the rolling tyre. In connection with racing, tyre static stiffness characteristics are of interest as they reflect on the controllability of the vehicle to which they are fitted. In this paper, the construction of a finite element (FE) model capable of predicting the static tyre behaviour in great detail is presented. The model is validated against extensive experimental data, including contact pressure distributions and load—deflection characteristics. Static loading tests, which involve variations in the friction rules coupling tread rubber with the ground surface, and in wheel camber angle, are simulated with the tyre model. The results of the simulations reveal that a friction coefficient of 0.5 is sufficient to prevent sliding in static loading tests for this particular tyre. Lower levels of friction lead to tread sliding and reduced vertical tyre stiffness. Sliding is primarily lateral, leading to narrowing of the contact patch of the tyre. Narrowing also increases the local sidewall curvature, which is part of the softening mechanism for both upright and cambered tyres.
Kinetic Investigation of Reaction of Ascorbate and Hydroxyl Radical Adduct of DMPO (5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-Oxide) Studied by Stopped-flow ESR
Authors: Sakurai Yasuhiro , Sanuki Hodaka , Komatsu-Watanabe Rushiru , Ideguchi Tomoko , Yanagi Naoki , Kawai Kiyoshi , Kanaori Kenji , Tajima Kunihiko 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
By means of a stopped-flow electron spin resonance (ESR) method, the second-order rate constant, defined for reduction of the hydroxyl radical adduct of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO/OH) by ascorbic acid at pH 7.4, was evaluated to be 5.2±0.2×103 M−1 s−1, which was at least 700 times faster than that of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPOL) radical (7 M−1 s−1).
Template-free Preparation of Hollow Hexagonal Fluorapatite Nanoprisms
Authors: Chen Min , Jiang Deli , Xie Jimin , Zhu Jianjun , Wu Yunlong 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Hollow hexagonal fluorapatite (FHAp) nanoprisms have been successfully prepared via a template-free method with the assistance of Na2EDTA/citric acid (CA) mixed chelating reagent. These novel hollow FHAp nanoprisms have an outer length of about 1 μm, an average outer diameter of 150 nm, and a shell thickness of about 50 nm. The effects of reaction temperature and chelating reagent on the formation of final products were studied. A possible formation mechanism for the hollow FHAp nanoprisms is proposed.
Change of the Refractive Index of Illite Particles by Reduction of the Fe Content of the Octahedral Sheet
Authors: Friedrich Frank , Steudel Annett , Weidler Peter G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSub-micrometer clay particles are of interest in clay-polymer applications, especially when transparency is important. The scattering of light can be reduced by the adjustment of the refractive index (RI) of the clays to that of the matrix. In this study, the RI of sub-micrometer illite particles was changed by treatment with 5 M HCl for treatment times ranging between 2 and 24 h. The dissolution of Fe leads to a decrease in the RI of illite from 1.587 for the unaltered material to 1.502 after 24 h. The layer structure of the illite particles was preserved during the treatment. The RI of the sub-micrometer illite particles was determined by means of a photospectrometer measuring the light intensity passing through suspensions containing the clay particles, with varying refractive indices.
Some Physicochemical Properties of the White Sepiolite Known as Pipestone From Eskişehir, Turkey
Authors: Önal Müşerref , Yilmaz Hamza , Sarikaya Yüksel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractVarious physicochemical characteristics of a sepiolite sample from the Eskişehir area, Turkey, were investigated to help in making predictions about possible uses of the material. The sample was examined by chemical analysis (CA), thermal analysis (DTA/TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, particle-size analysis (PSA), linear dilatometry (LD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury porosimetry (Hg-Por.), and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption (N2-AD) techniques. The CA and XRD data indicated that the sepiolite contains only 6% dolomite by mass. The XRD patterns showed that sepiolite anhydride, enstatite, diopside, and opal-CT form upon heating the sepiolite above 600, 800, 900, and 1200°C, respectively. The maximum rate of endothermic changes in the DTA and TGA curves were observed at 82, 287, and 491°C, corresponding to the loss of external, zeolitic, and bound water from the sepiolite, respectively. Dehydroxylation and recrystallization of the sepiolite were fastest at 845°C and 862°C, respectively. The LD curve indicated that the shrinkage began at 800°C and reached 4.0% at 1000°C. The proportion of particles with diameters of <2 µm, and the external surface area of the long-term (24 h) water-treated sepiolite were determined by PSA as 79% by volume, and 8 m2g−1, respectively. The SEM view revealed discrete bundles of sepiolite fibers of various lengths. The specific surface area found from adsorption data was 316 m2g−1. The specific micro-, meso-, macro-, and total-pore volumes obtained from the combination of Hg-Por. and N2-AD results were 0.16, 0.21, 0.45, and 0.82 cm3g−1, respectively. The average macropore and micro-mesopore radii in the sepiolite were estimated (using the Hg-Por. and N2-AD data) tobe 35 and 2.4 nm, respectively.
Representations of relatedness with parents and friends and autonomous academic motivation during the late adolescence–early adulthood period: Reciprocal or unidirectional effects?
Authors: Guay Frédéric , Marsh Herbert W. , Senécal Caroline , Dowson Martin 
Published: November 2008

Background The literature on the determinants of academic motivation indicates that social and affective processes connected to students' interpersonal relationships are central elements in understanding students' academic motivation and other school‐related outcomes.Aims The aim of this study was to answer the following questions: Does autonomous motivation drive representations of relatedness, do representations of relatedness drive autonomous motivation, or are these constructs reciprocally related over time?Sample The sample consists of 834 adolescents aged 18 years (SD = 1.88) who participated in a 3‐year longitudinal study.Results Results from the structural equation models provided good support for the effect of representations of relatedness with parents on autonomous academic motivation but no convincing support for the effect of motivation on representations of relatedness with parents. In addition, no significant effect in either direction was found between representations of relatedness with friends and autonomous academic motivation.Conclusion It might be important to inform parents that they may still have an influence on their adolescent's representations of relatedness and subsequently on his/her autonomous academic motivation even during the late adolescence–early adulthood period, a period when some parents may be tempted to believe that they can do little to motivate their offspring.
Residual Fluid as a Source of Error in Bubble Point Testing
Authors: Elton David , Hayes David 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The bubble point test (ASTM D6767) is a method of calculating the pore size distribution of geotextiles. ASTM D6767 allows a variety of wetting fluids to be used in the test. However, different fluids are found to produce different pore size distributions, even though relevant fluid properties are supposedly accounted for in the data reduction (Elton, D. J., Hayes, D. W., Adanur, S., Geotech. Test. J., Vol. 30, No. 1, 2007, pp. 9–16). The ASTM D6767 data reduction is found to be theoretically incorrect. The effect of residual wetting fluid on the pore size distribution is examined. Residual fluid is defined as fluid that remains on the walls of a previously saturated pore after the critical pressure for the fluid in the pore has been reached (after the bubble point pressure is reached). Since the phenomenon of residual fluid is not considered in ASTM D6767, it presents a source of error. Bretherton’s law suggests residual fluid errors will be reduced by using fluids with a small viscosity to surface tension ratio.
Oxidative dissolution of ruthenium deposits onto stainless steel by permanganate ions in alkaline medium
Authors: Floquet Sébastien , Eysseric Catherine , Maurel Didier 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
During spent nuclear fuel reprocessing ruthenium is liable to form black ruthenium deposits on the stainless steel walls of process equipments. These deposits promote corrosion and can eventually obstruct the off-gas lines. The results of decontamination of 304L stainless steel test specimens covered with RuO(OH)2· x H2O deposits by permanganate ions in alkaline medium are described. The ruthenium deposits were dissolved by oxidation of RuO(OH)2 to RuO4
2− ions, while the permanganate ions were reduced to MnO4
2− ions and then to manganese dioxide MnO2. The parameters affecting the kinetics of oxidative dissolution of these deposits were examined. The results indicate that the oxidative dissolution kinetics depends on the instantaneous surface area of the deposit, and that the dissolution rate increases with the concentrations of MnO4
− and OH− ions.
Thermochromatographic studies of plutonium oxides
Authors: Hübener S. , Taut S. , Vahle A. , Bernhard Gert , Fanghänel Thomas 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Trace amounts of oxidic plutonium species were studied by thermochromatography in silica glass columns in comparison to oxidic species of Th, Pa, U, Np, and Am. Humid oxygen was used as reactive admixture to the carrier gas helium. The thermochromatographic behavior of plutonium provides evidence for the oxidation of Pu(IV) to Pu(VI) with humid oxygen. The gas chromatographic transport of U, Np, and Pu is governed by the surface reaction
MO2(OH)2(g)↔MO3(ads)+H2O(g),
with M=U, Np, and Pu in the hexavalent state and competitive reactions of the actinide oxides with silica to nonvolatile compounds or solid solutions. There is good agreement with earlier volatility studies and the reported oxidation of PuO2 with water. The oxidation to PuO4 as claimed by Domanov [1] could not be confirmed.
Hydrolysis constants and complexation of Th(IV) with carboxylates
Authors: Sasaki Takayuki , Takaoka Y. , Kobayashi T. , Fujii Toshiyuki , Takagi I. , Moriyama Hirotake 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe hydrolysis constants of Th(IV) were determined using the solvent extraction method in a NaClO4solution atI=0.1 and 25 °C. A trace amount of thorium below the solubility limit was used in order to avoid the formation of polynuclear species and colloids in the experiment. The values were compared with the literature data. Considering the effect of competitive hydrolysis reactions under weak acid conditions, the complexation constants of Th(IV) with a series of dicarboxylic acids containing different alkyl chain lengths were determined.
Pertechnetate immobilization with amorphous iron sulfide
Authors: Liu Yongjian , Terry Jeff , Jurisson Silvia S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe reduction of pertechnetate (TcO4−) with freshly prepared amorphous iron sulfide was investigated. The amorphous iron sulfide (FeS) was shown to have an elemental composition of FeS0.97for all of the size fractions and a point of zero charge of pHpzc=7.4. Solubility studies of FeS in various buffers indicated that in the pH range 6.1–9.0, the concentrations of dissociated Fe2+and S2−were negligible. The reductive immobilization of TcO4−with FeS was shown to be accelerated by increasing ionic strength and strongly pH dependent. At pH values below the pHpzc, the positively charged FeS surface reacted much faster with TcO4−and had higher immobilization yields relative to the negatively charged FeS surface at pH values above pHpzc. The TcO4−−FeS reaction is consistent with a surface mediated reaction through ligand exchange. The TcO4−−FeS reductive immobilization reaction product was characterized by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and found to be predominantly TcO2. Studies on the reductive capacity of the FeS and the long term stability of the TcO4−−FeS reaction product under both anaerobic and aerobic environments shows the potential utility of thein situgaseous (hydrogen sulfide gas) immobilization technology in solidification of TcO4−by creating a FeS permeable reaction barrier in the vadose zone.
Fluorescent phosphinimine as possible precursor to an anionic and fluorescent sensor for Tc-99
Authors: Arrigo Leah M. , Galenas Miriam , Bassil Daniel B. , Tucker Sheryl A. , Kannan Raghuraman , Katti Kattesh V. , Barnes Charles L. , Jurisson Silvia S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe trimethylsilyl-protected phosphinimines (9-anthracenyl)Ph2P=NSiMe3and (1-naphthyl)Ph2P=NSiMe3and the ion pairs [(9-anthracenyl)Ph2P=NH2+][MO4−] and [(1-naphthyl)Ph2P=NH2+][MO4−] with M=Re or Tc were synthesized and characterized by1H and31P NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and/or single crystal X-ray diffraction. Radiochemical studies performed using99mTc and186Re as the tracers for99Tc and Re found the selectivity of the phosphiniminium cations for pertechnetate in the presence of a variety of anions found in the environment to be excellent. The crystallographic data reported for the structures are as follows: [(9-anthracenyl)Ph2P=NH2+][ReO4−] (H21C26NO4PRe)2, monoclinic (P21/n),a=11.3047(5) Å,b=16.3983(8) Å,c=12.2469(6) Å, β=92.344(1)°,Z=4; [(9-anthracenyl)Ph2P=NH2+][TcO4−] (H21C26NO4PTc)3, monoclinic (P21/n),a=11.3619(4) Å,b=12.2203(3) Å,c=25.7794(13) Å,β=92.162(1)°,Z=4.
Extraction of Am(III) and lanthanides(III) with organo dithiophosphinic acids
Authors: Xu Qichu , Wu Jianfeng , Chang Yinzhong , Zhang Lixing , Yang Yusheng 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExtraction of Am(III) and Ln(III) from NaClO4medium has been investigated with di(2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphoric acid, di(2-ethylhexyl) monothiophosphoric acid, di(2-ethylhexyl) monothiophosphinic acid, octylphenyl dithiophosphinic acid and 11 kinds of dialkyl dithiophosphinic acids (alkyl = hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1-methylheptyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl, methylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, and 3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl) in xylene. The effect of chemical structures of those extractants on separation capability has been studied. The relationship between the slope value of the lgD−pH and extraction conditions can be described as: lgS=alg(CHA/CMS/4)+b. In the presence of macro amounts of Eu(ClO4)3, the formula, lg SFAm/Eu=B−2lg(CHL−DEu/(DEu+1)CEu), can well describe the relationship between separation factor and the extraction condition. A high separation factor (SFAm/Eu=2500) is obtained by solvent extraction from 1 mol/L NaNO3solution with 0.5 mol/L di(2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphinic acid in toluene.
Radiosynthesis of dimethyl-2-[18F]-(fluoromethyl)-6-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate for L-type calcium channel imaging
Authors: Sadeghpour H. , Jalilian A. R. , Shafiee A. , Akhlaghi M. , Miri R. , Mirzaei M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDimethyl 2-(fluoromethyl)-6-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 4a, a fluorinated nifedipine analog, has been shown to elicit significant calcium channel blocker activity using a guinea pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle model. In order to perform biological studies for detection of L-type calcium channel distribution, we decided to prepare the [18F]-labeled compound. The latter compound was prepared in no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) form from dimethyl 2-(bromomethyl)-6-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 2 in one step at 80 °C in Kryptofix[222]/K[18F]F and acetonitrile as a solvent in 15 min. Column chromatography afforded the radiochemically pure compound in 20 min. Radiochemical purity of the18F-nifedipine was determined by RTLC and HPLC (>98%) and specific activity of 21–48 GBq/μmol (EOB).
Immunoanalysis indicates that the sodium iodide symporter is not overexpressed in intracellular compartments in thyroid and breast cancers
Authors: Peyrottes Isabelle , Navarro Valerie , Ondo-Mendez Alejandro , Marcellin Didier , Bellanger Laurent , Marsault Robert , Lindenthal Sabine , Ettore Francette , Darcourt Jacques , Pourcher Thierry 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveThe active transport of iodide into thyroid cells is mediated by the Na+/I− symporter (NIS) located in the basolateral membrane. Strong intracellular staining with anti-NIS antibodies has been reported in thyroid and breast cancers. Our initial objective was to screen tumour samples for intracellular NIS staining and then to study the mechanisms underlying the altered subcellular localization of the transporters.MethodsImmunostaining using three different anti-NIS antibodies was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 93 thyroid or breast cancers. Western blot experiments were carried out to determine the amount of NIS protein in 20 samples.ResultsUsing three different anti-NIS antibodies, we observed intracellular staining in a majority of thyroid tumour samples. Control immunohistochemistry and western blot experiments indicated that this intracellular staining was due to non-specific binding of the antibodies. In breast tumours, very weak intracellular staining was observed in some samples. Western blot experiments suggest that this labelling is also non-specific.ConclusionsOur results strongly indicate that the NIS protein level is low in thyroid and breast cancers and that the intracellular staining obtained with anti-NIS antibodies corresponds to a non-specific signal. Accordingly, to increase the efficiency of radiotherapy for thyroid cancers and to enable the use of radioiodine in the diagnosis and therapy of breast tumours, improving NIS targeting to the plasma membrane will not be sufficient. Instead, increasing the expression level of NIS should remain the major goal of this field.
Direct Evidence That Genetic Variation in Glycerol-3-Phosphate and Malate Dehydrogenase Genes (Gpdh and Mdh1) Affects Adult Ethanol Tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Eanes Walter F , Merritt Thomas J S , Flowers Jonathan M , Kumagai Seiji , Zhu Chen-Tseh 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Many studies of alcohol adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster have focused on the Adh polymorphism, yet the metabolic elimination of alcohol should involve many enzymes and pathways. Here we evaluate the effects of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpdh) and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (Mdh1) genotype activity on adult tolerance to ethanol. We have created a set of P-element-excision-derived Gpdh, Mdh1, and Adh alleles that generate a range of activity phenotypes from full to zero activity. Comparisons of paired Gpdh genotypes possessing 10 and 60% normal activity and 66 and 100% normal activity show significant effects where higher activity increases tolerance. Mdh1 null allele homozygotes show reductions in tolerance. We use piggyBac FLP–FRT site-specific recombination to create deletions and duplications of Gpdh. Duplications show an increase of 50% in activity and an increase of adult tolerance to ethanol exposure. These studies show that the molecular polymorphism associated with GPDH activity could be maintained in natural populations by selection related to adaptation to alcohols. Finally, we examine the interactions between activity genotypes for Gpdh, Mdh1, and Adh. We find no significant interlocus interactions. Observations on Mdh1 in both Gpdh and Adh backgrounds demonstrate significant increases in ethanol tolerance with partial reductions (50%) in cytosolic MDH activity. This observation strongly suggests the operation of pyruvate–malate and, in particular, pyruvate–citrate cycling in adaptation to alcohol exposure. We propose that an understanding of the evolution of tolerance to alcohols will require a system-level approach, rather than a focus on single enzymes.
A Systematic Screen for Transcriptional Regulators of the Yeast Cell Cycle
Authors: White Michael A , Riles Linda , Cohen Barak A 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTranscription factors play a key role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, yet many of the specific regulatory interactions that control cell cycle transcription are still unknown. To systematically identify new yeast cell cycle transcription factors, we used a quantitative flow cytometry assay to screen 268 transcription factor deletion strains for defects in cell cycle progression. Our results reveal that 20% of nonessential transcription factors have an impact on cell cycle progression, including several recently identified cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) targets, which have not previously been linked to cell cycle transcription. This expanded catalog of cell-cycle-associated transcription factors will be a valuable resource for decoding the transcriptional regulatory interactions that govern progression through the cell cycle. We conducted follow-up studies on Sfg1, a transcription factor with no previously known role in cell cycle progression. Deletion of Sfg1 retards cells in G1, and overexpression of Sfg1 delays cells in the G2/M phase. We find that Sfg1 represses early G1, Swi5/Ace2-regulated genes involved in mother–daughter cell separation. We also show that Sfg1, a known in vitro cyclin-dependent kinase target, is phosphorylated in vivo on conserved Cdk phosphorylation sites and that phosphorylation of Sfg1 is necessary for its role in promoting cell cycle progression. Overall, our work increases the number of transcription factors associated with cell cycle progression, strongly indicates that there are many more unexplored connections between the Cdk–cyclin oscillator and cell cycle transcription, and suggests a new mechanism for the regulation of cell separation during the M/G1 phase transition.