bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF CALCIUM IN THE RELEASE OF VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN FROM POSTERIOR PITUITARY PROTEIN
Authors: Thorn N. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using film dialysis experiments of crude posterior pituitary protein in 0.1 m acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.6) it was demonstrated that addition of calcium in concentrations of 0.2 or 0.5 mm increased the rate of dialysis of vasopressin activity from the film of protein solution. Sodium chloride, magnesium chloride or acetylcholine had no such effect. Calcium in a concentration of 0.2 mm also increased the rate of dialysis of oxytocin activity from the protein solution.
The results seem to support the hypothesis that calcium ions function in the excitation-secretion coupling for vasopressin and oxytocin by releasing hormone peptide from its binding to neurophysin within the neurosecretory nerve endings. Thus the hormone becomes free to diffuse into the blood stream.
NORMALAUSSCHEIDUNG VON 17-KETOGENEN STEROIDEN
Authors: Rindt Walther 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Based on 1811 single analyses values for the 24-hour excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids in normal subjects were determined. Of these analyses 843 were performed in normal males and 968 in normal females. All results were statistically evaluated and their diagram compared to a different excretion curve for normal persons.
A statistically higher excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids could be demonstrated in normal male subjects as compared to values for normal female subjects. Advantages and disadvantages of the method for estimation of 17-ketogenic steroids in urine as reported by Norymberski et al. are discussed.
STUDIES ON A FEMINIZING HUMAN ADRENAL TUMOUR
Authors: Sharma D. C. , Raheja M. C. , Dorfman Ralph I. , Gabrilove J. Lester 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone-4-14C and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione-4-14C were incubated with homogenate of a feminizing human adrenal tumour. The steroids from the incubation mixture were extracted with organic solvents, purified by chromatography on partition columns, paper and thin-layer silica gel, and identified by isotopic dilution analyses. Oestrone and 17β-oestradiol were among the incubation products indicating an active aromatizing enzyme in the tumour. In addition to »11β-hydroxylase« the tissue contained »17β-ol dehydrogenase« activity, also. It appears that androst-4-ene-3,17-dione was the main precursor of the excessive quantities of oestrone secreted by the tumour.
EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND A LOW SODIUM DIET ON THE VOLUMES OF THE GLOMERULAR ZONE, FASCICULAR AND RETICULAR ZONES AND MEDULLA OF RATS
Authors: Miller Richard A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Direct measurements of volume of the glomerular zone, fascicular and reticular zones and medulla were made in normal and hypophysectomized rats. All zones of the cortex and the medulla atrophied after hypophysectomy. However, while medullary and glomerular atrophy was proportional to the decrease in body weight, fascicular atrophy exceeded the loss in body weight.
Hypertrophy of the glomerular zone occurred in rats fed a sodium deficient diet for 5 to 28 days beginning 14 days after hypophysectomy. Hence the volume of the glomerular zone is probably independent of the pars distalis, since the glomerular zone does not atrophy after hypophysectomy and can be stimulated to hypertrophy after it and the infundibular process are removed.
Calculation of mass from areas in a mid-section by the Bahn formula and from direct measurements of volume yielded similar values for the mass of the fascicular zone. However, mean values for glomerular mass and for medullary mass were each significantly different. None the less, there was a high correlation between values, and the percent changes in mass of the glomerular zone resulting from the sodium deficiency were similar. Hence, the Bahn formula seems to be a useful shortcut procedure for detecting changes in the mass of the several regions of the cortex.
OVULATION IN RABBITS FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS AND INTRACEREBRAL ADMINISTRATION OF COPPER SULPHATE
Authors: Suzuki Masakuni , Hiroi Masahiko , Sugita Shigehito 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present authors (1965) previously reported that the site of action of copper sulphate in the induction of ovulation might be in the vicinity of the posterior median eminence (PME) in the hypothalamus. The authors have now injected a solution of copper sulphate intravenously into adult female Japanese mongrel rabbits and also infused the solution directly into the PME of the hypothalamus. The 50% effective dose for inducing ovulation in some of the rabbits of the tested group was 0.76 μg/kg of copper sulphate in the PME infusion or 3.0 mg/kg in the intravenous injection. This means that the 50% effective dose of copper sulphate required for infusion into the PME is 1/4000 of the 50% effective dose required by intravenous injection.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION. XVII. HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DECIDUALIZATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Lobel Bertha L. , Tic Liliane , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Histochemical observations were made on the activities of adenosinetriphosphatase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and on RNA, glycogen and lipids as well as connective tissue elements in uteri of pseudopregnant rats during the period of formation of deciduomata, i. e. between 36 to 96 hours after the administration of the inducing stimulus. Enzymic activity accompanied the formation of deciduomata, stopped at the limits of the decidual cell reaction and did not involve the rest of the endometrium. A distinct line of demarcation between the two tissues (deciduoma and basal endometrium) was demonstrated both histologically and histochemically. This demarcation is independent of the manner of stimulation or the extent of the decidual cell reaction.
URINARY EXCRETION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND OESTROGENS BY THE BOAR
Authors: Raeside James I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), oestrone (OE1) and 17β-oestradiol (OE2) has been estimated during the administration of a number of hormones to an intact mature male pig. Daily intramuscular injections of corticotrophin (300 IU) or cortisone acetate (500 mg) resulted in a decrease in the levels of OE1, OE2 and DHA. Following the daily injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (2500 IU) the excretion of all three steroids increased greatly. The daily oral administration of 30 mg Norlutin acetate (17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone acetate) appeared to be more effective than 30 mg Norlutin (17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone) in suppressing steroid production by the boar.
Considerable daily variation occurred in the amounts of OE1, OE2 and DHA excreted in the urine during »control« periods, and some evidence of a seasonal variation in levels of urinary steroids was observed.
Throughout the investigation a high degree of correlation existed between the urinary excretion of DHA and both oestrogens. It was concluded that the data provide strong support for the view that the large quantities of DHA in the urine of the normal boar arise from steroid biosynthesis in the testes.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY FOR PROGRESSIVE MALIGNANT EXOPHTHALMOS
Authors: Bauer Franz K. , Catz Boris 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Eighteen euthyroid patients with progressive malignant exophthalmos, of whom 16 had been treated by other forms of therapy, were treated with large therapeutic doses of radioactive iodine in an effort to ablate their thyroid glands. In four of the patients no functioning thyroid tissue could be demonstrated; in the others thyroid tissue can still be demonstrated with 5 mc doses of 131I preceded by thyrotrophin. In all patients, marked improvement of the infiltrative changes of ophthalmopathy resulted. Proptosis improved but in none of them did it regress completely to normal.
The doses of radioactive iodine required to destroy thyroid remnants were much larger than the doses employed in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
It is suggested that the thyroid gland plays an important part in the complex problem of progressive exophthalmos and the presence of LATS, although its precise role remains to be determined.
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF METHANDROSTENOLONE ON GROWTH AND ON ACCUMULATION OF 32P-PHOSPHATES IN EMBRYONIC CHICK BONE CULTIVATED IN VITRO
Authors: Prévôt H. , Schneider C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Mineralisation and growth of embryonic bones in cell-free media were studied by cultivation in rapidly rotating roller-tubes. It was found that methandrostenolone (MA)*, when added to the medium, led to significant increases in bone-mineralisation, as measured by the uptake of 32P-phosphates, and to increased growth-rates in tibiae of chick-embryos. Tibiae explants of 9 to 13 days old chick-embryos were used. A distinct increase in growth over a period of 48 hours was observed in all age groups, whereas an increased uptake of 32P-phosphates occurred only in 10 or 11 days old tibiae. Maximal increase in growth-rate was obtained with a MA-concentration of 0.078 μmol and maximal increase in uptake of phosphates with a MA-concentration of 0.052 μmol per ml of medium. Higher concentrations of MA showed a smaller effect on growth and mineralisation. It is assumed that MA influences growth and mineralisation by different mechanisms. The method of cultivation used showed remarkably small standard deviations in all measurements, so that even small differences in MA-effect could be observed. It therefore seems that this method is also well suited for studies of other problems of bone development.
PITUITARY-ADRENAL RECOVERY FOLLOWING LONG-TERM CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY
Authors: Roe P. F. , Mitchell D. M. , Pennington G. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adrenocortical function was assessed in 20 patients receiving long-term corticosteroid drugs for a variety of non-endocrine disorders.
In all cases plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) levels were within or above normal limits 48 hours after abruptly stopping their drugs and a further marked rise occurred in 7 patients given metyrapone for 24 h. Urinary 17-OHCS excretion did not show a parallel rise. Taking the group as a whole, a small rise in the mean output occurred 48 hours after stopping therapy, and a further slightly greater rise followed metyrapone.
3 patients had a relapse of their underlying condition during the test in spite of normal plasma and urinary 17-OHCS levels.
THE ABILITY OF SOME ANABOLIC STEROIDS TO PROTECT RATS AGAINST ETHIONINE-INDUCED ELEVATION OF POSTPRANDIAL BLOOD AMMONIA
Authors: Kowalewski K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Compared with control rats, postprandial blood ammonia was significantly higher in ethionine treated rats. This was considered due to abnormal nitrogen metabolism by the injured liver. Pretreatment of rats with anabolic steroids, 17-ethyl-19-nortestosterone and methandrostenolone protected animals against the ethionine effect on blood ammonia. It appears that the primary defect induced by ethionine is one in protein metabolism. The action of steroids, used in this study, on ammonia metabolism is considered due to their anabolic properties.
ÜBER LIPOPHILE STEROID-KONJUGATE
Authors: Weinand K. , Rindt W. , Oertel G. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The half-life of 7α-3H-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), sodium 7α-3H-DHEA sulfate, and biosynthetic 7α-3H-DHEA sulfatide has been determined in guinea-pigs. Following the isolation of the individual compounds from plasma at various time intervals the half-life was found to be 2:30 and 3:00 minutes for DHEA sulfate, 7:15 and 8:15 minutes for free DHEA and 23 and 28 minutes for DHEA sulfatide. This data seems to support the hypothesis that steroid sulfatides may represent a labile transport form of steroid sulfates.
CIRCADIAN PHASE DIAGRAMS OF ORAL TEMPERATURE AND URINARY FUNCTIONS IN A HEALTHY MAN STUDIED »LONGITUDINALLY«
Authors: Haus Erhard , Halberg Franz 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Circadian phase estimates and their 95% confidence intervals can be obtained by curve-fitting with the electronic computer. Such diagrams assess objectively the external and internal timing of circadian rhythms in oral temperature, in urine volume and in the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids. A reference to a precise time of circadian crest constitutes a risky undertaking whenever it rests on short stretches of data covering a day or two of study on a single subject rather than a group. Inferences drawn in this study are based upon the behaviour of »ensembles« of phases, rather than upon values for a single given crest, and they must be viewed with the realization that they were obtained with serially dependent sampling in the case here presented. With such qualifications, the ensembles serve to make several points.
Under the specified conditions, including a diurnal-activity-nocturnalrest schedule, most circadian crests of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion occurred around noon. The circadian crests of 17-ketosteroid excretion occurred, on the average, about one hour or so before noon. These two urinary functions and three others show a consistent lead in phase in relation to the oral temperature rhythm. The typical crest values, if they are provided with their confidence arc, represent objective quantitative endpoints for endocrine studies, among others.
THE CORPUS LUTEUM-HYPOPHYSIS RELATIONSHIP: THE EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE TREATMENT ON THE RELEASE OF GONADOTROPHINS IN THE RAT
Authors: Kaufman Andrew B. , Rothchild I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of progesterone on pituitary gonadotrophin release has been studied in the rat. Castrated female rats bearing ovarian autotransplants, or unilaterally ovariectomized rats, were given 1 to 5 mg of progesterone daily for intervals from 7 to 28 days, and then killed. The ovaries, uteri, and vaginas were examined grossly and microscopically, and the pituitary glands were assayed for total gonadotrophin content by the mouse uterine weight method.
Although treatment with 5 mg of progesterone for 28 days inhibited ovulation, it did not prevent Graafian follicle development (determined histologically) or secretory function (evaluated by the presence of vaginal mucification) in either of the animal preparations. Progesterone treatment was associated with a significant elevation of pituitary gonadotrophic potency in the castrated rats bearing ovarian autotransplants, but not in the unilaterally ovariectomized rats.
These findings suggest that the tonic rate of gonadotrophin secretion is unaffected by treatment with 5 mg of progesterone daily. The acute discharge of the ovulation inducing hormone complex (probably primarily LH) is, however, inhibited by such a dose of progesterone, and probably accounts for the inhibition of ovulation. The findings also suggest that the amount of progesterone secreted by the functioning corpora lutea during pseudopregnancy in the rat is equivalent in effect to between 2 and 5 mg of progesterone injected once daily.
THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE SHEEP: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE
Authors: Deane Helen Wendler , Hay Mary F. , Moor R. M. , Rowson L. E. A. , Short R. V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Certain structural and functional aspects of the regression of the corpus luteum in the sheep were studied using biochemical, histological, electron microscopic and histochemical techniques.
Alterations in the size and density of mitochondria in the lutein cells on Day 12 or 13 of the oestrous cycle were the first sign of luteal regression seen. This was followed by the appearance of cytoplasmic lipid droplets on Day 13 or 14, in the large, definitive lutein cells. The rapid decline in the secretory activity of the corpus luteum on Day 15 was associated with a reduction in Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and diaphorase activities, as well as with shrinkage of the lutein cells and pyknosis of their nuclei.
Despite a general correlation between all the above regressive changes, however, there was in a few instances a lack of complete concordance between the parameters studied. It is therefore not possible to state that any one criterion gives a consistently reliable indication of the functional state of the corpus luteum.
A good correlation was found between the progesterone concentration in the ovarian venous blood and that in the luteal tissue during the regression of the corpus luteum.
The occurrence of some regressive changes on Day 12 may be related to the fact that this is the time when the ovine corpus luteum must be stimulated by an embryo in the uterus to survive.
MONOAMINES AND THE PITUITARY GLAND
Authors: Dahlström Annica , Fuxe Kjell 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The histochemical fluorescence method of Hillarp and coworkers for the demonstration of catecholamines (CA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been used together with histochemical criteria and with a pharmacological approach to the problem. It has been possible to show that primary CA are probably stored in the PAS-positive cells of the adenohypophysis of some mammals. In the cat, the great majority of the PAS-positive cells have this property. The amines are not depleted by treatment with reserpine, metatyrosine or α-methyl-meta-tyrosine. The storage mechanism for CA in the PAS-positive cells is discussed.
The PAS-positive cells of the anterior lobe of the mouse also have the property of forming CA from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) but not from D-DOPA. Some of these cells are also able to decarboxylate 5-hydroxytryptophane (5-HTP) to 5-HT.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ENDOCRINE EXOPHTHALMOS AND EXOPHTHALMOS PRODUCING SUBSTANCE (EPS)
Authors: Schwarz F. , der Kinderen P. J. , Houtstra-Lanz Maria 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The correlation between Endocrine Exophthalmos and serum levels of EPS was investigated in 64 exophthalmic patients; only 2 patients had no demonstrable EPS in their serum. 31 of these patients were suffering from thyrotoxicosis, 11 from Cushing's syndrome and 2 from acromegaly. 20 were euthyroid. The serum of 44 non-exophthalmic subjects was tested: 11 with thyrotoxicosis, 6 with Cushing's syndrome, 4 acromegalics and 23 normal subjects. Only in two of the non-exophthalmic thyrotoxics EPS was found in the serum. Both developed severe ophthalmopathy later in the course of the disease. In all groups of patients a fair correlation was found between the severity of the exophthalmos and EPS levels in the serum. In 8 patients, EPS levels were determined serially during the course of the disease, in some before as well as after pituitary surgery or irradiation. Changes in the EPS levels, corresponded well with the course of the ophthalmopathy.
The correlation was better than that reported by some other investigators. In the authors opinion, these divergencies can be explained by differences in the method of EPS determination used. It is concluded that it is very probable that endocrine exophthalmos in Graves' disease as well as in Cushing's syndrome and in acromegaly, is caused by an anterior pituitary factor (EPS).
SIMULTANBESTIMMUNG VON FREIEM CORTISOL, ESTERIFIZIERTEN DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERON UND ANDROSTERON IM PERIPHEREN BLUT
Authors: Fehér T. , Koref O. , Kazik M. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method for the simultaneous determination of free cortisol and of dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone conjugates in human plasma is described. Chloroform extraction, subsequent paper chromatography and alkaline tetrazolium-blue reaction were used for measuring free cortisol values. For splitting of 17-oxosteroid conjugates, simultaneous acid hydrolysis and benzene extraction are employed. An extensive purification of the extract is achieved by thin-layer chromatography. Paper chromatography is used for separation, and in situ Zimmermann-reaction applied for quantitation of individual 17-oxosteroids. The control of the method, the normal values and the plasma steroid level in different endocrine disorders are presented.
CLINICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND CYTOGENIC OBSERVATIONS IN PURE GONADAL DYSGENESIS
Authors: Boczkowski Krzysztof , Teter Jerzy 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Clinical observations, gonadal histology and cytogenic studies are described in eight cases of pure gonadal dysgenesis.
The general appearance of the patients was feminine. They had never menstruated spontaneously. Most cases showed eunuchoidal body proportions and absence of breast development. The external genitalia were infantile.
All patients had the streak gonads which consisted of undifferentiated embryonic stroma without any germinal elements. The gonadotrophin level was normal or high. In four cases, apparently normal male karyotype and in three cases apparently normal female karyotype was found. In one case chromosomal mosaic XO/XX was encountered. No clinical or histological differences between patients with male and female karyotype were found, except for phallic enlargement which was present in three out of four cases with male chromosome complement.
STEROID EXCRETION AND PLASMA CORTISOL IN 41 CASES OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Ernest Ingrid 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and of Porter-Silber chromogens as well as plasma cortisol at different times of the day were measured repeatedly in 41 cases of Cushing's syndrome and the results were compared with similar data from 55 non Cushing patients suffering from obesity, hypertension and other symptoms often associated with Cushing's syndrome. The Cushing patients showed a marked variation in steroid output and in many cases the excretion was within the control range during one or several days. In only four of all patients, however, did the mean excretion of 17-OHCS overlap with that found in the control material.
There was a marked overlapping between the Cushing and the non Cushing patients with respect to plasma cortisol. At midnight, however, most Cushing patients (34/36) at repeated determinations showed one or several figures higher than those of the control material.
In the present material there was a marked overlapping between the Cushing (15 cases) and the non Cushing patients (14 cases) with respect to the increase in steroid excretion after intravenously administered corticotrophin (ACTH). In 14 cases of Cushing's syndrome due to hyperplasia the administration of metapyron caused an increase in steroid excretion. One such case failed to react to metapyron as did 3 cases of cortisol producing tumours.
EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE ON OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID AND THE RESPONSE TO LUTEINIZING HORMONE
Authors: Mayfield James Donald , Ward Darrell N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Clomiphene will depress ovarian ascorbic acid concentration in rats pretreated to produce a »pseudopregnancy« as per the Parlow ovarian ascorbic acid depletion assay procedure. This lowering of ascorbic acid was found to be clomiphene dose-dependent. Additional ovarian ascorbic acid depletion was noted following LH administration in the groups treated with low dose levels of clomiphene (0.02, 0.2, 0.6 mg/kg/day), but not at high dose levels (6.0 and 20.0 mg/kg/day). At the 0.2 mg/kg/day dose range, the per cent depletion following LH was significantly greater than in control animals indicating an increased sensitivity of the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion response to LH in these animals.