bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of aphid infection and cultivar on the protein content governing baking quality of wheat flour
Authors: Basky Zsuzsa , Fónagy Adrien 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aphids cause both quantitative and qualitative yield losses in cereals. Aphid feeding resulted in a significant decrease in gliadin/glutenin ratio in soft‐kernel wheat. Effect of aphid feeding on hard‐kernel wheat was examined.RESULTS: Plants of two different hard‐wheat cultivars were artificially infected by two aphid species: Sitobion avenae and Diuraphis noxia. Three different levels of caging regulated aphid density. Aphid density was highest in the cages, followed by open cages and lowest under no‐cage conditions. Numbers of D. noxia were generally higher compared to those of S. avenae. There was no significant difference in head length, mean kernel number/head, mean kernel mass/head or mean individual kernel mass between the two cultivars. Glutenin, gliadin and total protein content was analysed using size‐exclusion HPLC. Quality parameters of wheat flour were significantly different between the two cultivars. Gliadin content, total protein content and gliadin/glutenin ratio were significantly higher in Mv Magdaléna compared to Mv Magvas regardless of the level of caging and infestation, while glutenin content of uninfected Mv Magvas was significantly higher than that of Mv Magdaléna in the open cages. Aphid feeding did not induce any significant reduction in the gliadin, total protein content and gliadin/glutenin ratio of the examined hard wheat cultivars.CONCLUSION: Individual kernel mass reduction is the major factor in yield loss caused by aphids. Aphid feeding did not change the protein structure of hard‐kernel wheat. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic analysis of the distribution of the major seed allergens in wild, landrace, ancestral, and modern soybean genotypes
Authors: Xu Chenping , Caperna Thomas J , Garrett Wesley M , Cregan Perry , Bae Hanhong , Luthria Devanand L , Natarajan Savithiry 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: A comparative analysis of seed allergens from various soybean genotypes is crucial for identifying and eliminating potential allergens. We have investigated the distribution of three major allergens (Gly m Bd 60K, Gly m Bd 30K and Gly m Bd 28K) in wild, landrace, ancestral and modern soybean genotypes.RESULTS: Gly m Bd 60K allergens consist of α subunits of β‐conglycinin and G2 subunits of glycinin. In wild genotypes, α subunits of β‐conglycinin separated into six to seven protein spots whereas five to seven spots were observed in the landraces. All genotypes of modern and ancestral groups showed 3–5 protein spots of α subunits of β‐conglycinin. All genotypes showed eight spots of glycinin G2 subunits except one ancestral genotype which had seven spots. Two protein spots were detected for Gly m Bd 30K in 14 genotypes but one spot was detected in two wild genotypes. Two protein spots were detected for Gly m Bd 28K in all genotypes.CONCLUSION: Considerable heterogeneity of the α subunit of β‐conglycinin distribution exists among these 16 soybean genotypes. Significant proteomic variation was observed between different soybean groups rather than among genotypes in the same group. This investigation would be valuable to researchers working with soybean and nutrition. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Enzymic and in sacco methods to estimate rumen degradation of food protein in cattle
Authors: Chaudhry Abdul S 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Two factorial studies compared enzymic and in sacco methods to estimate degradation of ruminant foods. Enzyme degradation (in vitro = enzyme) was determined from the release of leucine‐equivalent amino acid (LA) crude protein (CP) from sunflower meal (SF), maize gluten meal (MG), distillers' dark grain (DG) and field beans (FB) after their separate incubations with Streptomyces griseus enzyme for 0–24 h. In sacco crude protein (CP) degradation of these foods was estimated during washing (0 h) and rumen incubations in fistulated cows for 2–24 h. The LA data were expressed as g LA per either kg of CP (LACP) or acid‐hydrolysable LA (HLA) of each food and compared with in sacco data.RESULTS: These methods showed comparable degradation with time (P < 0.01). The in sacco and HLA were greater than LACP for all foods except MG where in sacco value was either lower or equal to LACP depending upon the incubation time (P > 0.05 or P < 0.05). Conversely, HLA was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than LACP from 2 h onwards. At 0 h, in sacco values were significantly greater than those of enzyme for SF, DG and FB (P < 0.05) but not for MG. The foods differed significantly for degradation constants (a, b, c) in each method (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Despite variations between in sacco and enzyme estimates for different foods, the relationships between these estimates suggest that the HLA enzyme method has the potential to estimate food degradation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
A simple DNA extraction method suitable for PCR detection of genetically modified maize
Authors: Porcar Manuel , Ramos Silvia , Latorre Amparo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful tool that is being increasingly used for detection of transgenic DNA. PCR requires only a minute quantity of template, but sensitive and accurate testing requires DNA of sufficient purity and free from inhibitors such as plant polysaccharides. Several standard protocols are available for this purpose, but they usually involve several steps, imply destruction of the maize kernel, or are time‐consuming. Our aim was to develop a fast and simple extraction method to isolate a raw DNA‐containing solution from maize tissues suitable for use as a template in a PCR‐based detection assay with specific oligonucleotides directed to the identification of event MON810.RESULTS: The NaOH‐based DNA extraction method we report here is time‐saving (5 min) and can be used to isolate DNA‐containing solutions from a small maize leaf portion (down to 1 mg) or from a single overnight‐germinated kernel. PCR performed with selected primers yielded reproducible detection of transgenic DNA.CONCLUSION: The main advantages of the procedure are the quick extraction step, the possibility of non‐destructive testing of maize kernels, and the robustness of the PCR‐based detection, a consequence of the selection of MON810‐matching oligonucleotides yielding intense and highly specific amplicons. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Evidence of thalamic dysfunction in Huntington disease by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Ruocco Heloísa H. , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Li Li M. , Cendes Fernando 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOur objective was to investigate thalamic neuronal dysfunction in patients with Huntington disease (HD). We performed localized single‐voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the thalamus in 22 HD patients and 25 healthy individuals. The mean age of patients was 48.5 years (ranging from 32 to 71 years). Age at onset varied between 20 and 66 years (mean 38.9 years). The expanded CAG repeat ranged from 40 to 52 (mean 45.2) CAGs. The mean age of control group was 35.4 years, ranging from 19 to 67 years. N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) relative to creatine (NAA/Cr) values in the thalamus of HD patients were decreased when compared with controls (P = 0.0001). The spectroscopic findings were not correlated with motor impairment. However, there was a positive correlation between duration of disease and motor impairment (P = 0.02, r = 0.48), and a tendency for positive correlation between duration of disease and NAA/Cr (P = 0.059, r = 0.4). We found decreased NAA/Cr values in the thalamus of patients with HD, indicating neuronal loss or dysfunction. This is in agreement with previous studies that indicated the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the neurodegenerative process of HD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Sodium phenylbutyrate in Huntington's disease: A dose‐finding study
Authors: Hogarth Penelope , Lovrecic Luca , Krainc Dimitri 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTranscriptional dysregulation in Huntington's disease (HD) is mediated in part by aberrant patterns of histone acetylation. We performed a dose‐finding study in human HD of sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor that ameliorates the HD phenotype in animal models. We used a dose‐escalation/de‐escalation design, using prespecified toxicity criteria and standard clinical and laboratory safety measures. The maximum tolerated dose was 15 g/day. At higher doses, toxicity included vomiting, lightheadedness, confusion, and gait instability. We saw no significant laboratory or electrocardiographic abnormalities. Gene expression changes in blood suggested an inverse dose‐response. In conclusion, SPB at 12 to 15 g/day appears to be safe and well‐tolerated in human HD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Benign hereditary chorea revisited: A journey to understanding
Authors: Kleiner‐Fisman Galit , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBenign hereditary chorea (BHC) has been characterized as an autosomal dominant disorder manifesting nonprogressive chorea without dementia. However, there has been controversy regarding its existence. Diagnosis has been based solely on clinical criteria with many patients and families demonstrating “atypical” features and until recently, no diagnostic test was available for confirmation. Since 2002, mutations in the thyroid transcription factor (TITF‐1) gene have been identified as resulting in some cases of BHC. Additionally, the clinical spectrum has expanded to include abnormalities in thyroid and lung with the putative mechanism of disease resulting from gene haploinsufficiency and reduced protein product. This review summarizes both a historical perspective and our current understanding of BHC. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Autosomal dominant myoclonus‐dystonia and Tourette syndrome in a family without linkage to theSGCEgene
Authors: Orth Michael , Djarmati Ana , Bäumer Tobias , Winkler Susan , Grünewald Anne , Lohmann‐Hedrich Katja , Kabakci Kemal , Hagenah Johann , Klein Christine , Münchau Alexander 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to report clinical details and results of genetic testing for mutations in theε‐sarcoglycan(SGCE) gene, theSlit and Trk‐like 1(SLITRK1) gene and for linkage to theDYT15, DYT1,andDRD2gene loci in a family with autosomal dominant myoclonus‐dystonia (M‐D) and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). Fourteen family members, from three generations, underwent a detailed clinical assessment and donated DNA samples. TheSGCEand theSLITRK1gene were sequenced and investigated by gene dosage analysis in selected family members. Linkage to theSGCE, DYT15,DYT1,DRD2,andSLITRK1loci was also tested.Results:We included three healthy and 11 affected family members with M‐D (n = 3), dystonia alone (n = 2), GTS (n = 1), tics (n = 1) or a combination of these with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (M‐D + OCD: n = 2; dystonia+OCD: n = 1; M‐D + GTS + OCD: n = 1). There was no linkage to theSGCE, DYT15,DYT1orDRD2loci. No changes were found in theSLITRK1gene. The presence of both M‐D and GTS in one family, in which all known M‐D loci and a recently discovered GTS locus were excluded, suggests a novel susceptibility gene for both M‐D and GTS. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Clinical differentiation of genetically proven benign hereditary chorea and myoclonus‐dystonia
Authors: Asmus Friedrich , Devlin Anita , Munz Marita , Zimprich Alexander , Gasser Thomas , Chinnery Patrick F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBecause of clinical similarities, benign hereditary chorea and myoclonus‐dystonia (DYT11) might be confused. No systematic comparisons of genetically proven cases with thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TITF‐1) and ε‐sarcoglycan (SGCE) mutations have been performed to date. Three index patients and one index patients' daughter underwent genetic analysis of the TITF‐1 and the SGCE gene. The movement disorders of all patients were assessed by video review. A new splicing mutation (376‐2A>C) of the TITF‐1 gene was detected in a mother and her daughter. Two additional patients carried a de novo SGCE nonsense mutation in exon 3 (R97X) and a novel SGCE missense mutation in exon 6 (G227V). Both TITF‐1 mutation carriers presented with infancy‐onset, nonprogressive chorea, which responded to alcohol intake. In addition, dystonia of the neck and trunk as well as fleeting jerky movements of the distal limbs could be observed. The mutually exclusive appearance of lightning‐like myoclonic jerks triggered by action in SGCE mutation carriers and of continuous chorea of all limbs in TITF‐1 mutation carriers phenotypically discriminated both genetic disorders. TITF‐1 mutations should be considered in choreiform movement disorders with onset in infancy even in the presence of dystonia and myoclonic jerks. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Automated structure verification based on a combination of 1D 1H NMR and 2D 1H13C HSQC spectra
Authors: Golotvin Sergey S. , Vodopianov Eugene , Pol Rostislav , Lefebvre Brent A. , Williams Antony J. , Rutkowske Randy D. , Spitzer Timothy D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA method for structure validation based on the simultaneous analysis of a 1D 1H NMR and 2D 1H13C single‐bond correlation spectrum such as HSQC or HMQC is presented here. When compared with the validation of a structure by a 1D 1H NMR spectrum alone, the advantage of including a 2D HSQC spectrum in structure validation is that it adds not only the information of 13C shifts, but also which proton shifts they are directly coupled to, and an indication of which methylene protons are diastereotopic. The lack of corresponding peaks in the 2D spectrum that appear in the 1D 1H spectrum, also gives a clear picture of which protons are attached to heteroatoms. For all these benefits, combined NMR verification was expected and found by all metrics to be superior to validation by 1D 1H NMR alone. Using multiple real‐life data sets of chemical structures and the corresponding 1D and 2D data, it was possible to unambiguously identify at least 90% of the correct structures. As part of this test, challenging incorrect structures, mostly regioisomers, were also matched with each spectrum set. For these incorrect structures, the false positive rate was observed as low as 6%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of anisosmotic conditions on structural and functional integrity of cumulus–oocyte complexes at the germinal vesicle stage in the domestic cat
Authors: Comizzoli Pierre , Wildt David E. , Pukazhenthi Budhan S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDuring cryopreservation, the immature oocyte is subjected to anisosmotic conditions potentially impairing subsequent nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in vitro. In preparation for cryopreservation protocols and to characterize osmotic tolerance, cat cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage were exposed for 15 min to sucrose solutions ranging from 100 to 2,000 mOsm and then examined for structural integrity and developmental competence in vitro. Osmolarities ≥200 and ≤750 mOsm had no effect on incidence of oocyte nuclear maturation, fertilization success, and blastocyst formation compared to control COC (exposed to 290 mOsm). This relatively high osmotic tolerance of the immature cat oocyte appeared to arise from a remarkable stability of the GV chromatin structure as well as plasticity in mitochondrial distribution, membrane integrity, and ability to maintain cumulus–oocyte communications. Osmolarities <200 mOsm only damaged cumulus cell membrane integrity, which contributed to poor nuclear maturation but ultimately had no adverse effect on blastocyst formation in vitro. Osmolarities >750 mOsm compromised nuclear maturation and blastocyst formation in vitro via disruption of cumulus–oocyte communications, an effect that could be mitigated through 1,500 mOsm by adding cytochalasin B to the hyperosmotic solutions. These results (1) demonstrate, for the first time, the expansive osmotic tolerance of the immature cat oocyte, (2) characterize the fundamental role of cumulus–oocyte communications when tolerance limits are exceeded, and (3) reveal an interesting hyperosmotic tolerance of the immature oocyte that can be increased two‐fold by supplementation with cytochalasin B. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 345–354, 2008. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel mutation in the central rod domain of lamin A/C producing a phenotype resembling the Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy phenotype
Authors: Maioli Maria Antonietta , Marrosu Giovanni , Mateddu Anna , Solla Elisabetta , Carboni Nicola , Tacconi Paolo , Lai Carlo , Marrosu Maria Giovanna 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLamins are the principal components of the nuclear lamina, a network constituting the major structural framework of the nuclear envelope. Alterations in lamin A/C have been associated with a heterogeneous series of human disorders known as laminopathies. We report the finding of a novel deletion in the central rod domain of lamin A/C exon 3 gene in four members of the same family. This genetic alteration was likely responsible for the relatively homogeneous clinical phenotype observed in our three patients, represented by a prominent cardiac conduction‐system disease necessitating permanent pacemaker implantation, and limited skeletal involvement manifested by spinal rigidity and contractures. The findings from these cases further expand the clinical spectrum associated with mutations in the LMNA gene. Muscle Nerve, 2007
The nature of high‐pressure voiding in small boys and its relation with the influence of a transurethral catheter
Authors: Ichino Midori , Igawa Yasuhiko , Seki Satoshi , Iijima Kazuyoshi , Ishizuka Osamu , Nishizawa Osamu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAimsTo disclose the nature of the high‐pressure voiding observed in small boys and to determine the influence of a transurethral catheter on voiding urodynamic parameters and reproducibility of these parameters.Materials and MethodsVideo‐urodynamic studies (V‐UDSs) were repeated twice in a single session using two different sized, 18G (Ø1.15 mm) and 7.4Fr (Ø2.50 mm), catheters in 9 boys aged 7.3 months (2–17) and compared with the maximum voiding detrusor pressure (Pdet max) values. Separately, in 20 boys aged 8.9 (1–34) months, V‐UDSs using an 18G catheter were repeated twice, and fluoroscopic images and UDS were continuously recorded during the whole voiding phase and analyzed.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the mean Pdet max measured by the 18G and 7.4Fr catheters (102.0 ± 22.5 vs. 94.7 ± 25.6 cmH2O, P = 0.42). Intermittent interruptions of the urinary stream due to detrusor–sphincter dyscoordination were observed in 92.5% (37/40) of voiding cycles. The true maximum voiding detrusor pressure (T‐Pdet max), the maximum detrusor pressure recorded only when the urinary stream was actually detected, on the first and second voiding cycles were 86.9 ± 30.3 and 89.0 ± 31.7 cmH2O, respectively. The mean difference between Pdet max and T‐Pdet max was 5.6 ± 11.4 cmH2O. The minimum detrusor pressure during voiding (33.6 ± 18.4 and 30.8 ± 16.3 cmH2O), the opening detrusor pressure and the number of stream interruptions were reproducible.ConclusionsSmall boys commonly void intermittently with a high detrusor pressure, which may be mainly due to detrusor–sphincter dyscoordination rather than the outflow obstruction caused by a transurethral catheter. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:319–323, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment with amniopatch of premature rupture of membranes after first‐trimester chorionic villus sampling
Authors: Cobo Tere , Borrell Antoni , Fortuny Albert , Hernández Sandra , Pérez Marimer , Palacio Montserrat , Pereira Artur , Coll Oriol 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the amniopatch procedure when premature rupture of membranes occurs after first‐trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS).Study DesignFrom May 2001 to June 2004, the amniopatch procedure was offered in cases of premature rupture of membranes after CVS when severe oligohydramnios was present (largest vertical pocket < 2 cm) and persistent (more than 1 week).ResultsThe amniopatch was placed in five pregnancies at 12–18 weeks of gestation, resulting in amniotic fluid restoration in all but one pregnancy. In three pregnancies, fetal demise was observed at 1, 2 and 36 days after the procedure. The last procedure resulted in a healthy newborn.ConclusionAlthough the amniopatch restored normal amniotic fluid levels in all cases, 4 of the 5 cases resulted in fetal demise. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of poly[(trimethylene terephthalate)‐co‐(38 mol% ethylene terephthalate)] copolymer
Authors: Chen Ming , Wang Hui‐Chen , Ko Chi‐Yun , Chen Ren‐Yi , Wang Chuan‐Liang , Tseng I‐Min 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Modifications of semicrystalline polymers by copolymerization change both the crystallization kinetics and the morphology. Only a few studies concerning ethylene terephthalate (ET)/trimethylene terephthalate (TT) copolyesters have been published. This study extends the work on a series of random aromatic copolyesters.RESULTS: The copolyester was characterized as having 62 mol% TT units and 38 mol% ET units in a random sequence as revealed by NMR. Results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) show that the complex melting behavior involves melting–recrystallization–remelting and various lamellar crystals. As the isothermal crystallization temperature increases, the contribution of recrystallization slowly declines, and finally disappears. A Hoffman‐Weeks linear plot gives an equilibrium melting temperature of 188.5 °C. The kinetic analysis of the growth rates of spherulites and the change in the morphology from regular to banded spherulites indicate that a regime II → III transition occurs at 135 °C.CONCLUSION: Results of DSC and WAXD demonstrate that this random copolyester is crystallizable. However, its crystallinity is only about 20%. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry