bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiation
Authors: Das Abhijit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses various theoretical constructs that are relevant for understanding multilateral trade negotiations and gleaning insights about strategies deployed by parties to push their economic interests. These include definition, categories, and stages of negotiations. In addition, it describes certain typical behaviour patterns that a negotiator is likely to encounter at the different stages of a negotiation. Some of the concepts and elements of negotiations discussed in the chapter include the following: agenda setting, role of chair in negotiations involving a large number of countries, getting recalcitrant parties onto the negotiating table, opening gambit, distributive strategies, integrative strategies, issue linkage, strategic hold-outs, ratification, and securing negotiated outcomes. Finally, it provides details of some of these concepts and elements from the perspective of multilateral trade negotiations at the GATT and the WTO.
Introduction
Authors: Myers Matt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The introduction outlines how the left revaluated its prospects during the 1970s. It analyses the radical change in the structural, political, and ideological contexts in which it was thinking in order to explain a shared conviction that the working class was no longer the subject of history. It argues that alternative accounts of working-class obsolescence rarely analyse what actually happened in the 1970s and that Europe in this decade saw the paradox of rising workers’ power, opportunities for hope in class politics, and the sudden faltering of confidence in the left’s capacities. It presents the complex fortunes of the working class and the left from the end of the 1960s to the late 1980s. It justifies an ambitious comparison of the three cases of Italy, France, and Britain on the basis that these advanced industrial economies provided a common strategic context.
Fordism Restructured
Authors: Myers Matt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the restructuring of mass-production industry after the mid-twentieth century is an insufficient explanation of the decline in the fortunes of the European left. The emphasis on the inevitability of longer-term changes to the structure of production risks deflecting attention from the short-term relation between party and class. The crisis of confidence in labour during the 1970s can be traced to the belief that the left could either participate in a process of restructuring to restore industry to profitability and consolidate their image as parties of government, or it could resist the technical, spatial, and financial re-organisation of production at the cost of undermining workers’ control, raising tensions with the trade unions, and encouraging apathy on the factory floor. The sense of impasse emerged alongside the sudden realisation that the workers’ parties in Britain, France, and Italy could not simultaneously participate in the ‘modernisation’ of their economies without also undermining the power of their supporters.
Previous reproductive success informs nest-building decisions
Authors: Alexander Evelyn J , Edwards Sophie C , Chapman Elisabeth G , Healy Susan D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Behavioral outcomes, including foraging efficiency and reproductive success, often improve with age and with repeated breeding attempts. Here we examined the role of previous experience on the nest-building behavior of wild blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus. In particular, we focused on how previous success or failure in rearing nestlings shapes nest-building decisions in subsequent years. We found that previous breeding outcome is important for predicting nest building decisions in blue tits: birds that had previously raised fledglings added insulating material at a similar rate as they had when they built their first nest. Some birds that had been previously unsuccessful changed their rate of adding insulating material and then were more likely to produce fledglings. These responses indicate that at least some of the decisions made by wild nest-building birds are based on their own experience of past breeding seasons.
Parkinson's disease mutant Miro1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neuron loss
Authors: Chemla Axel , Arena Giuseppe , Sacripanti Ginevra , Barmpa Kyriaki , Zagare Alise , Garcia Pierre , Gorgogietas Vyron , Antony Paul , Ohnmacht Jochen , Baron Alexandre , Jung Jaqueline , Lind-Holm Mogensen Frida , Michelucci Alessandro , Marzesco Anne-Marie , Buttini Manuel , Schmidt Thorsten , Grünewald Anne , Schwamborn Jens C , Krüger Rejko , Saraiva Cláudia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The complex and heterogeneous nature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still not fully understood, however, increasing evidence supports mitochondrial impairment as a major driver of neurodegeneration. Miro1, a mitochondrial GTPase encoded by the RHOT1 gene, is involved in mitochondrial transport, mitophagy and mitochondrial calcium buffering, and is therefore essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Recently, Miro1 has been linked genetically and pathophysiologically to PD, further supported by the identification of heterozygous variants of Miro1 in patients.
Herein, we used patient-derived cellular models alongside knock-in mice to investigate Miro1-dependent pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD.
Experimental work performed in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived models, including midbrain organoids and dopaminergic neuronal cell cultures from a PD patient carrying the p.R272Q Miro1 mutation as well as healthy and isogenic controls, indicated that the p.R272Q Miro1 mutation leads to increased oxidative stress, disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics and altered cellular metabolism. This was accompanied by increased α-synuclein levels and a significant reduction of dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, the p.R272Q Miro1 mutation – located in the calcium-binding domain of the GTPase – disrupted calcium homeostasis. This resulted in the calcium-dependent activation of calpain proteases and the subsequent cleavage of α-synuclein. Knock-in mice expressing p.R285Q Miro1 (the orthologue of the human p.R272Q mutation) displayed accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the striatum and a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, accompanied by behavioral alterations.
These findings demonstrate that mutant Miro1 is sufficient to comprehensively model PD-relevant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, reinforcing its pivotal role in PD pathogenesis.
From bulk to bits: understanding the degradation dynamics from plastics to microplastics, geographical influences and analytical approaches
Authors: Payel Sofia , Pahlevani Farshid , Ghose Anirban , Sahajwalla Veena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The popularity of plastics in major application sectors is creating an increasing burden of pollutants in the environment in the forms of plastics and microplastics. More than 6 billion tons of plastics now reside in the environment, which is now an available source of secondary microplastics. Research focused on the degradation of plastics/microplastics dealing with different environmental conditions and their change in properties. Despite being a serious pollutant, sufficient resources are still missing for the transformation of secondary microplastics from large plastics and how to detect the level of degradation before this transition. This article’s brief review provides insight into the current scenario of plastics, disposed waste plastics, management system, and their limitations. In addition, a detailed explanation of the transition of plastics to microplastics, their mechanism, and the effect of different geographical conditions on degradation is also demonstrated. Moreover, the available analytical techniques to understand the degradation index of different polymers are also described in addition to the future perspectives for research in this area. This review could provide valuable insight into the formation of microplastics from waste plastics and their mechanisms in addition to a comprehensive knowledge of the quantification of the degradation.
Association of Muscle-Strengthening and Aerobic Physical Activity With All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality in U.S. Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Dai Jin , Dai Wen , Li Wen-Qing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate associations of muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in adults with diabetes, independent of and jointly with moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity (MVPA).

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 29,609 adults with diabetes free of CVD and cancer from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey 1997-2018 (baseline). MSA and MVPA were derived from standardized questionnaires. Mortality by 2019 was ascertained through linkage to the National Death Index. Cox models were utilized to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).

Results
Over 270,178 person-years, 6,716 all-cause, 1,995 CVD, and 1,202 cancer deaths were documented in the study population (mean age, 55.7 years, 51.6% female). There were U-shaped associations of MSA with all-cause mortality risk, with ≤3 times/week associated with mortality benefits. Compared with no MSA, aHRs of all-cause mortality were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.47-1.10) for MSA &lt;1 time/week, 0.58 (0.44-0.77) for 1 time/week, 0.76 (0.61-0.96) for 2 times/week, 0.80 (0.67-0.96) for 3 times/week, 0.97 (0.65-1.47) for 4-6 times/week, and 0.99 (0.83-1.19) for ≥7 times/week. Nonlinear associations with CVD and cancer mortality were also observed. These associations did not vary by age or sex. Jointly, compared with no MSA and MVPA&lt;150 minutes/week, adults performing MSA≤2 times/week and MVPA≥150 minutes/week had the lowest all-cause and CVD mortality risk.

Conclusions
For adults with diabetes, performing MSA ≤3 times/week may be associated with lower all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality risk, independent of MVPA. Jointly performing MSA≤2 times/week and MVPA≥150 minutes/week may confer the lowest all-cause and CVD mortality risk.
Association of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and High C-Reactive Protein Serum Levels With Incident Major Neurocognitive Disorder: Results From the Quebec NuAge Cohort
Authors: Beauchet Olivier , Galéry Kevin , Gaudreau Pierrette , Allali Gilles 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Both motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels have been separately associated with increased risk of incident major neurocognitive disorder. The study aims to compare the CRP serum levels of older adults with and without MCR and to examine the associations of MCR and CRP serum levels and their combination with incident major neurocognitive disorder.
915 individuals participating in an older adult’s population-based observational cohort study with a 3-year follow-up design were selected. MCR and CRP serum levels were collected at baseline. Incident major neurocognitive disorder was measured at annual follow-up visits using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (≤79/100) and simplified instrumental activity daily living scale (&lt;4/4) score values.
The prevalence of MCR at baseline assessment was 3.7%. The overall incidence of major neurocognitive disorder was 3.0%. MCR alone (hazard ratio = 25.36 with 95% confidence interval = [6.25–102.95] and p ≤ .001) and MCR with a high CRP serum level (hazard ratio = 5.61, with 95% confidence interval [1.29–24.26] and p = .021) were significantly associated with incident major neurocognitive disorder.
MCR is a significant risk factor for predicting major neurocognitive disorder in older adults, while serum CRP levels are not. In addition, serum CRP levels reduce the predictive strength of MCR for major neurocognitive disorder.
Assessing Racial Heterogeneity in “Housing First” Supports’ Effectiveness among Older Adults Experiencing Homelessness: Evidence from Los Angeles County
Authors: Schachner Jared N , Schmidt Steven , Painter Gary D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Just as the U.S. population is aging and racially diversifying, housing prices are spiking. These conditions could spur a homelessness crisis among older adults of color. Although researchers have examined racial stratification and age-based differences in homelessness risk, separately, few studies probe whether age and race interact to render older adults of color more vulnerable to repeated episodes of homelessness than younger adults and older White adults. Fewer still have considered whether and why “Housing First” interventions (e.g., rapid rehousing/RRH, permanent supportive housing/PSH) are disproportionately effective— or ineffective— in reducing this risk for older adults of color.

Research Design and Methods
Using individual-level data from Los Angeles County’s Homelessness Management Information System, tracking Continuum of Care (CoC) services received between 2013 and 2019, we show how race and age jointly shape the risk of receiving additional CoC homelessness services after an initial CoC service. Linear probability models reveal whether PSH and RRH disproportionately reduce this risk for Black versus White older adults.

Results
Our analyses indicate an age-race interaction, whereby Black adults aged 55-64 exhibit the highest risk of receiving additional CoC homelessness services after an initial service. PSH disproportionately reduces this risk for Black older adults.

Discussion and Implications
We conclude that “Housing First” interventions may hold particular promise for older adults of color, perhaps because these groups sort into more effective programs, on average. Future research on aging and housing should highlight heterogeneity and consider program sorting processes as a potential explanation for it.
Analytical computation of the total topographic torque at the core–mantle boundary and its impact on nutations
Authors: Dehant V , Puica M , Folgueira-López M , Rekier J , Van Hoolst T 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In this paper, we examine the dynamic pressure torque acting on a bumpy core–mantle boundary (CMB) at diurnal timescale in a frame tied to the planet. This torque possibly contributes to the CMB coupling constants determined from nutation observations and could affect the interpretation of these constants in terms of different CMB coupling mechanisms. We revisit the work of Wu & Wahr (1997) who have used seismic estimates for the topography at the CMB and computed the associated pressure torque effect on nutations. These authors showed that some topography wavelengths can lead to amplifications in nutations. For example, they found that the effects on the retrograde annual nutation can be at the milliarcsecond level for a degree-5 spherical harmonics of the topography. While Wu & Wahr (1997) only go up to degree 6 in their development in spherical harmonics and use a numerical technique, we go up to degree 20 and employ an analytical approach to solve the equations and to further study the Earth’s nutations. The approach is similar to the one we used for the effects of the pressure torque on the tidal variations of the length of day (a companion paper, Puica et al. 2023). Unlike the numerical approach, this has the advantage of highlighting the mathematical dependencies between the different spherical harmonics involved in the development of the topographic torque and to highlight the frequency dependence of the results and thereby the possible resonances with inertial waves. By doing so, we can isolate and estimate the magnitude of the influence of each topographic coefficient on nutation. We show that only the core flattening may have an important role on nutation and that the other large wavelengths of the topography have a very small contribution, less than that obtained by Wu & Wahr (1997).
Study on the practical application of deep learning technologies aimed at achieving low carbon targets in enhancing user experience
Authors: Lu Guoying , Song Ting 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The diverse energy usage behaviors of various types of users within integrated energy systems have heightened the challenges of system coordination and low-carbon operation. To enhance user experience and effectively manage energy consumption, this study, based on an analysis of user behaviors, employs a deep learning architecture that integrates gated recurrent units and convolutional neural networks to classify users precisely and recommend corresponding energy consumption packages. Following rigorous experimentation, the model achieved an accuracy rate exceeding 85% in categorizing users into conservative and aggressive profiles, which significantly enhances user satisfaction.
Mechanisms of cooperation in the plants-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-bacteria continuum
Authors: Duan Shilong , Jin Zexing , Zhang Lin , Declerck Stéphane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In nature, cooperation is an essential way for species, whether they belong to the same kingdom or to different kingdoms, to overcome the scarcity of resources and improve their fitness. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic microorganisms whose origin date back 400 million years. They form symbiotic associations with the vast majority of terrestrial plants, helping them to obtain nutrients from the soil in exchange for carbon. At the more complex level, soil bacteria participate in the symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants: they obtain carbon from the exudation of hyphae connected to the roots and compensate for the limited saprophytic capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by mineralizing organic compounds. Therefore, plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil bacteria constitute a continuum that may be accompanied by multiple forms of cooperation. In this review, we first analyzed the functional complementarities and differences between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Secondly, we discussed the resource exchange relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the perspective of biological market theory and “surplus carbon” hypothesis. Finally, on the basis of mechanisms for maintaining cooperation, direct and indirect reciprocity in the hyphosphere, induced by the availability of external resource and species fitness, were examined. Exploring these reciprocal cooperations will provide a better understanding of the intricate ecological relationships between plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil bacteria as well as their evolutionary implications.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis ATCC PTA-122264 on Apparent Total Tract Macronutrient Digestibility and Fecal Characteristics, Metabolites, and Microbiota of Healthy Adult Dogs
Authors: Oba Patrícia M , Swanson Olivia R , Kang Yifei , Mioto Julio C , Menton John F , Vinay Elena , Millette Mathieu , Kelly Melissa R , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gastrointestinal and stool quality issues are common in companion animals. In addition to dietary fibers and prebiotics, the consumption of live microorganisms may be used to support the gastrointestinal health of pets. Spore-forming Bacillus species are gaining interest due to their viability during processing, storage, and within the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of B. subtilis ATCC PTA-122264 supplementation on dietary apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility and the fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs. Twelve healthy adult beagle dogs (6 ± 1.14 yr; 8.71 ± 0.91 kg body weight) were used in a replicated 3x3 Latin square design. Dogs were fed to maintain body weight and allotted to one of three treatments each experimental period (n=12/treatment): Control [kibble diet + placebo (1.25 g of maltodextrin)], Low [kibble diet + 1×109 colony-forming units (CFU)/day of B. subtilis], and High (kibble diet + 5×109 CFU/day of B. subtilis). Each experimental period was composed of a 22-day adaptation phase, 5-day fecal collection phase, and one day for blood collection. Fecal microbiota data were evaluated using QIIME2. All other data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS, with P&lt;0.05 being considered significant. B. subtilis supplementation tended to decrease (P&lt;0.10) apparent total tract dry matter, organic matter, and energy digestibilities, but did not influence food or energy intake, fecal output, and apparent total tract protein or fat digestibilities. Most serum metabolites, hematology, fecal characteristics, and fecal bacterial alpha and beta diversity indices were not affected. Fecal dysbiosis index tended to be affected and fecal Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Blautia abundances were lower (P&lt;0.05) in dogs allotted to the Low treatment. These data suggest that daily supplementation of up to 5×109 CFU/day of B. subtilis ATCC PTA-122264 is safe and does not affect markers of general health and fecal characteristics of healthy dogs, warranting further exploration.
Stability Based on Treaty
Authors: Cameron Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter reviews features of the investment treaty regime that are most relevant to the energy investment law and its goal of providing investors with the kind of long-term stability that is emblematic of energy investments. It mentions the emergence of a large, comprehensive network of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) that changed the legal landscape for energy investment forever. It also talks about a significant expansion of the substantive and procedural guarantees, which an international energy investor can typically expect from a host government's legal framework. The chapter highlights common treaty requirements that oblige states to provide investors with guarantees, such as those encompassed by Fair and Equitable Treatment. It considers the expectations of an international energy investor of long-term protection from possible abuses by governments of host states that has reached a state of comfort.
Galaxy properties from the outskirts to the core of a protocluster at z = 3.70
Authors: Toshikawa Jun , Wuyts Stijn , Kashikawa Nobunari , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Bremer Malcolm , Sawicki Marcin , Ono Yoshiaki , Kubo Mariko , Ito Kei , Ali Sadman S 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
We study the dependence of galaxy properties on their spatial position within a protocluster by carrying out follow-up spectroscopy on a protocluster candidate selected from the wide-field imaging of the Hyper SuprimeCam Subaru Strategic Programme. In the $4.5\sigma$ surface-overdense region of g-dropout galaxies, we now spectroscopically confirm that 13 galaxies, at least, are clustering in a narrow redshift range of $\Delta z\lt 0.05$ around $z=3.70$. Next, we investigate the physical properties and three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the protocluster’s member galaxies. Based on spectroscopically confirmed g-dropout galaxies, we find an overabundance of rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) bright galaxies in the protocluster. The UV brightest protocluster member turns out to be an active galactic nucleus, and the other UV brighter members tend to show smaller Ly$\alpha$ equivalent widths than field counterparts. The member galaxies tend to densely populate near the 3D centre of the protocluster, but the separation from the nearest neighbour rather than the distance from the centre of the protocluster is more tightly correlated to galaxy properties, implying that the protocluster is still in an early phase of cluster formation and only close neighbours have a significant impact on the physical properties of protocluster members. The number density of massive galaxies, selected from an archival photometric-redshift catalogue, is higher near the centre of the protocluster, while dusty starburst galaxies are distributed on the outskirts. The protocluster thus appears to consist of multiple galaxy populations, whose spatial distributions reveal the developmental stage of the galaxy cluster.