bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation and songbird response to land abandonment: from landscape to census plot
Authors: Sirami Clélia , Brotons Lluis , Martin Jean‐Louis 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTWhile intensification of human activities and its ecological effects in many natural areas have recently received much attention, land abandonment in marginal areas is still the largely ignored side of a process rooted in the same socioeconomic context. Decreasing human impact in marginal rural areas often triggers a recovery of seminatural vegetation. Over a period of 25 years, we studied the changes in landscape and vegetation structure that followed land abandonment in a traditional Mediterranean mosaic of crops, grasslands, shrublands and woodlands, and assessed their effects on songbird occurrence and distribution. We combined an analysis of vegetation changes based on aerial photo interpretation with an analysis of bird censuses from 1978, 1992 and 2003 at two spatial scales: landscape and census plot (respectively 2800 and 3 ha). The perceived temporal changes in the vegetation were scale dependent. At the landscape scale, open habitats tended to disappear and woodlands matured. The contrasts in vegetation structure that defined habitat patches at the onset of the study tended to disappear. There was an overall shift of the bird community in favour of woodland species. At the scale of the census plot, however, the colonization by woody vegetation of patches formerly characterized by a homogeneous grass cover increased the local diversity of the vegetation, at least temporarily. Of seven species dependent on open habitats, the occurrence rate of five species significantly decreased, whereas it increased for two species: woodlark (Lulula arborea) and melodious warbler (Hippolais polyglotta). This increase was linked to the transitional increase in local vegetation diversity. In patches originally dominated by woodlands, local vegetation diversity decreased as woody vegetation expanded into clearings. The occurrence rate significantly increased for seven species relying on closed woodlands, while it decreased for two woodland species. As most species of high conservation profile in the Mediterranean are tied to open or to heterogeneous transitional habitats, these trends raise questions concerning their persistence in the future.
Patterns of Diagnosis and Acute and Preventive Treatment for Migraine in the United States: Results from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study
Authors: Diamond Seymour , Bigal Marcelo E. , Silberstein Stephen , Loder Elizabeth , Reed Michael , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: November 2006

Objective.—To describe the patterns of medical treatment for migraineurs in the United States.Background.—Over the past decade, many new treatments for migraine have become available and awareness of migraine has improved. However, there is little information about the patterns of medical treatment in the US society.Design/Methods.—A validated self‐administered headache questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 120,000 US households. Each household member with severe headaches was asked to complete the survey. The questionnaire assessed headache features, disability, and patterns of medical treatment. Subjects were classified according to their use of headache preventive medication, as current users, coincident users (using effective medications for other medical reasons), lapsed users (had used in the past but not at the time of the survey), or never users.Results.—In 162,576 participants, the prevalence of migraine was 17.1% in women and 5.6% in men. Only 56.2% of those with migraine had ever received a medical diagnosis. Ninety‐eight percent of the migraineurs used acute treatment for their migraine attacks. Forty‐nine percent (49%) usually used over‐the‐counters, 20% usually used prescription medications, and 29% used both. Only 12.4% of migraineurs indicated that they were taking a migraine preventive medication, but 17.2% were using medications with potential antimigraine effects for other medical reasons. Current or past use of preventive medication was more likely in women than men (odds ratio [OR]= 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27‐1.48), increased with age and individuals with high MIDAS grade (Grade IV vs I, OR 2.35, 95% CI 2.09‐2.64). Preventive medication use increased with awareness of migraine and with illness severity.Conclusions.—Migraine remains undertreated in the US population. Barriers to preventive treatment are greater in younger age groups, men, and people unaware that they have migraine.
Fibrillin‐1 Gene Analysis of Korean Patients With Spontaneous CSF Hypovolemia
Authors: Chung Sun J. , Ki Chang‐Seok , Lee Myoung C. , Lee Jae‐Hong 
Published: November 2006

Background.—Mutations in different domains of the Fibrillin‐1 (FBN1) gene may be responsible for the variable phenotypic expression of Marfan's syndrome that may present with CSF hypovolemia.Objectives.—To evaluate the association between mutations in the Fibrillin‐1 (FBN1) gene and spontaneous CSF hypovolemia (SCH) in a Korean population.Methods.—We studied 10 consecutive patients with SCH without clinical characteristics of Marfan's syndrome. The genetic analysis was performed.Results.—Direct sequencing analysis of the FBN1 gene identified 15 genetic variations, of which 5 coding (3 synonymous, 2 nonsynonymous) and 8 intronic variations were listed in the single nucleotide polymorphism database (dbSNP). The other 2 variations, c.2728 – 12T > C in intron 21 and c.4582 – 19A > G in intron 35, were also observed in normal controls with estimated frequencies of 0.06 and 0.15, respectively.Conclusions.—We could not identify any FBN1 variations possibly associated with SCH in our study population.
A Cross‐Cultural Analysis of Dignified Dying
Authors: Doorenbos Ardith Z. , Wilson Sarah A. , Coenen Amy 
Published: November 2006

Purpose: To describe the characteristics of dignified dying and other terminology nurses used to describe this phenomenon in Ethiopia, India, Kenya, and the United States (US).
Design: A cross‐sectional descriptive survey with a convenience sample of nurses who cared for dying patients in Ethiopia (n=14), India (n=229), Kenya (n=36), and the US (n=281). Data were collected between 2002 and 2004.
Methods: Nurses were recruited to complete the ICNP® Dignified Dying survey, which consists of demographic information, 2 open‐ended questions, and 14 questions about characteristics of dignified dying.
Findings: The 14 characteristics on the dignified dying scale reliably measured dignified dying, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .91. All characteristics were rated as representative of dignified dying, with content validity scores ranging from .62 to .77. Factor analysis yielded a two‐factor solution, which accounted for 53% of the variance.
Conclusions: Findings of this study contribute to the ongoing development of the International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP®) regarding the nursing phenomenon of dignified dying. The ICNP®, a unified nursing language system, is used to promote and facilitate scholarly exchange among nurses across countries.
A trait‐based model of the potential demand for a genetically engineered food crop in a developing economy
Authors: Edmeades Svetlana , Smale Melinda 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe predict the potential demand of smallholder farmers for genetically transformed varieties of a food crop, the cooking banana of the East African highlands. Farmer demand for planting material is derived in an agricultural household model that accounts for variety traits and missing markets. The demand for candidate host varieties is predicted using a Zero‐Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression system. The fitted model is used to illustrate the sensitivity of farmer demand for improved planting material to (a) investments in research and development, represented by the effectiveness of gene insertion and expression, and (b) other public investments in education, extension, and market infrastructure that support diffusion. By comparing the characteristics of agricultural households we demonstrate that the choice of host variety can have social consequences, favoring one rural population compared with another. Clients for transgenic banana planting material are likely to be poorer, subsistence‐oriented farmers in areas greatly affected by biotic constraints. A model of this type might be useful in assessing the investments needed to support the systematic dissemination of improved planting material. The approach can be generalized to other crop biotechnologies for smallholder farming systems, particularly in developing economies.
Changes in vitreous amino acid concentrations in a rabbit model of cataract surgery
Authors: Yagihashi Tomoyuki , Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Kezuka Jun , Usui Masahiko , Iwasaki Takuya 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.Purpose: We previously reported marked elevation of glutamate, gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and alanine in the vitreous after combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy for macular disorder. Photo‐stimulation by the operating microscope and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) are possible causes of postoperative increases in amino acids. An animal model was used to verify this hypothesis.Methods: Forty‐five coloured rabbits were studied; stress was applied to simulate cataract surgery. Simultaneous photic and pressure stress, photic stress alone, or pressure stress alone were exerted for 20 mins. The vitreous was extracted at the end of the stress period, or 10 mins or 30 mins later. Levels of six amino acids (asparate, glutamate, glycine, taurine, alanine and GABA) in the vitreous were analysed quantitatively.Results: Significant increases in vitreous glutamate concentrations in treated eyes were observed following simultaneous photic and pressure stress, as well as after pressure stress alone, whereas no difference was found after photic stress alone. The mean glutamate concentrations in treated eyes and fellow eyes, respectively, were 5.59 ± 2.03 µMand 4.36 ± 2.09 µM(p ≤ 0.05) 10 mins after simultaneous photic and pressure stress, and 4.32 ± 0.97 µMand 2.29 ± 0.51 µM(p < 0.05) 10 mins after pressure stress alone. Taurine concentration was elevated by pressure stress alone at 0 min and at 10 mins post‐stress. Alanine concentration was reduced by photic stress alone at 10 mins post‐stress. In all protocols, no significant differences between treated and fellow eyes were observed at 30 mins after stress. Time‐dependent changes were observed not only in the treated eyes, but also in untreated fellow eyes.Conclusions: Elevations of vitreous glutamate in cataract surgery may be caused by pressure stress due to irrigation. Photic stress caused by the operating microscope has little influence. Sympathetic response may be involved in amino acid changes due to stress in cataract surgery.
KINETIC MODELING OF ANAEROBIC THERMAL DEGRADATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN ROSE HIP (ROSA CANINA L) PULP
Authors: KARHAN MUSTAFA , AKSU MEHMET , TETIK NEDIM , TURHAN IRFAN 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT Ascorbic acid loss in thermally treated rose hip pulp was modeled mathematically. Isothermal experiments in the temperature range of 70–95C were utilized to determine the kinetics of ascorbic acid loss in the pulp during heating under anaerobic circumstances. Changes in ascorbic acid decomposition followed a first‐order reaction. Temperature dependence of the rate constant during thermal processing of rose hip pulp obeyed the Arrhenius relationship with an activation energy of 47.5 kJ/mole.
VITAMIN AND SELENIUM CONTENT OF RIBEYE CUTS FROM GRASS‐ AND GRAIN‐FINISHED BISON OF THE SAME HERD
Authors: DRISKELL JUDY A. , MARCHELLO MARTIN J. , GIRAUD DAVID W. , SULAEMAN AHMAD 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT Individual ribeye cuts from 10 grass‐ and 8 grain‐finished bulls of the same herd were analyzed for vitamin and selenium content. Vitamin A, vitamin E, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations of ribeye cuts from grass‐ and grain‐finished bulls were similar. Vitamin C and folic acid levels were not detectable in ribeyes from both groups. Ribeyes from grass‐finished bulls contained significantly higher quantities of β‐carotene (P < 0.0005) and niacin (P < 0.01) and significantly lower (P < 0.0001) quantities of riboflavin than those from grain‐finished bulls. Bison ribeyes from both groups were rich sources (>20% Daily Values) of vitamin B12 and selenium and good sources (10–19% Daily Values) of thiamin, niacin and vitamin B6.
DISCRETION AS POWER: IN THE SITUATION CALLED ‘PSYCHOTHERAPY’
Authors: Szasz Thomas 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
I use the term‘psychotherapy’ as the name of a freely contracted relationship between two competent and responsible adults, one paying the other for assisting him, by means of a dialogue, to live his life better. In addition, I distinguish sharply between voluntary psychotherapy, whose wellspring is the patient's need for helping the Self and involuntary interventions called ‘psychotherapy’, whose wellspring is the family's (or the court's) need for controlling the Other. The former rests on consent, the latter on coercion. It is just as absurd to conflate voluntary and involuntary‘psychotherapeutic’ relations as it is to conflate sexual relations between consenting adults and sexual assault called ‘rape’.After a brief critical overview of the development of modern psychotherapy ‐ epitomized by psychoanalysis ‐ I offer some observations on the current proliferation of‘psychotherapies'under cultural and political‐economic conditions inimical to the only therapy I value, which is contingent on a human relationship in which personal assistance is secured by an equality of self‐restraint on the part of ‘therapist’ and ‘patient’.Dare to be fearful, when all about you are full of presumption and confidence. (Edmund Burke 1789/1992)
ASSESSMENT ‐ WHAT FOR? WHO FOR?
Authors: Klein Josephine 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
It is customary for psychotherapists to write diagnostic assessments on prospective patients, either for their own use or for the use of those to whom the patient is referred for treatment. But our theories are not sufficiently advanced for such assessments to be very useful in indicating suitable treatment accurately. Indeed, on the whole, assessors refer patients to colleagues trained as they were trained, Freudians to Freudians, Kleinians to Kleinians, Gestalt to Gestalt, cognitive to cognitive, or else they refer according to the requirements of the institution they work in. Diagnosis does not indicate treatment in any generally agreed way.Two attempts at a more systematic approach are sketched but, while we are waiting for diagnostic theory to catch up to the point where we can use it for therapy, some interim measures are suggested which would do more justice than is now done, both to the variety of human distress and the variety of therapeutic procedures currently available.
ASSESSMENT: THE STRUGGLE TOWARDS OBJECTIVITY
Authors: Berger Lorna 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
In this paper I aim to explore the dynamics inherent in the assessment process, with particular reference to the therapist's overall emotional response. This response is composed of the therapist's more personal, subjective feelings, as well as their countertransference. Under the pressure exerted by a limited time frame (one interview) and the magnitude of the task, the therapist's contribution to the dynamics will be significant and, I will argue, mutative, affecting the patient's behaviour and thus the direction of the interview. This will have an effect on the assessor's conclusions and recommendation.The paper describes the therapist's struggle to maintain an observing stance, and to think psychodynamically and diagnostically, when meeting with a stranger at assessment.
MAPPING A DETOUR: WHY DID FREUD SPEAK OF A DEATH DRIVE?1
Authors: Black David M. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
When Freud first put forward his relatively late hypothesis of a death drive, he did so using a rather surprising argument from evolution. However, he came to support it with a neuroanatomical argument dating back to the earliest days of psychoanalysis. In this paper I look at these two streams of argument in some detail, and conclude that neither is persuasive. My thesis is then in two parts: firstly that the death drive, as such, probably merits no future in psychoanalytic thinking; secondly that, though mistaken, Freud's discussion of the death drive was hugely productive for the future development of psychoanalysis. Perhaps the abiding interest of the ‘death drive’ lies in this apparent paradox that mistaken theory can be truly fruitful.… you are right in inferring that I have often been compelled to make detours in following my own path.
METAPHOR: THE IMPOSSIBLE TRANSLATION?
Authors: Eynon Terri 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
The linguistic concept‘metaphor’ has an established place in clinical as well as theoretical psychotherapy. It has been seen as analogous to or even fundamental to the analytic concept of transference. Metaphors have been thought to have a special role in enhancing therapist‐patient communications. By contrast, in linguistics itself, metaphor has been relatively neglected, viewed as irrelevant and unscientific. That conventional approach to metaphor has recently been challenged by Contemporary Metaphor Theory.This new theory suggests that language depends upon a largely unconscious system of conventional metaphor. Our bodily experiences are the basis of our understanding of abstract concepts such as emotions and relationships. Novel and imaginative metaphors build upon this fundamental biological structure.The traditional approach placed metaphor, along with rhetoric and, by inference, psychodynamic thinking, at the periphery of science. Cognitive linguistic research is now showing that language is fundamentally structured by metaphorical processes, which enhances the scientific status of psychoanalysis and supports and extends the view of metaphor as at the heart of language and meaning.
WHAT REMAINS OF OEDIPUS? PART OBJECTS BEYOND THE PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
Authors: Undrill Guy 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
Lacan's understanding of the death drive as an effect of the symbolic chain raises the possibility of a symbolic death (connoting narrative ending) before the subject's biological death. The dying Oedipus in Sophocles’Oedipus at Colonus might be thought of as occupying such a position. Lacan asks us to consider what, when his life has completely passed over into destiny, remains of Oedipus?Nietzsche's‘untimely meditations’ invite, anticipate and sanction future textual interpretations that Nietzsche himself could not have predicted; similar textual strategies exist in the work of Beckett. Such strategies offer an approach to overcoming the impossibility of adequately narrating a life. The psychoanalytic concept‘part object’ can be extended to model the way parallel processes are at work in psychoanalysis. Beckett's own retelling of the Oedipus story is considered to show how it attempts to answer the question ‘what remains of Oedipus?’
SHAME, DISGUST, ANGER AND REVENGE: HOMOSEXUALITY AND COUNTERTRANSFERENCE
Authors: Jones David 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTHomosexuality has a central place in the history and development of psychoanalysis. Freud correctly identified‘difference’ as a starting place for an investigation into the dynamics of sexuality. Unwittingly he also instigated thinking that raised, among some analysts, a desire for curative action. The absence of insights from the countertransference debate influenced psychoanalytic thinking for a period, obscured the benefits that might accrue from the analyst's recognition of his intrinsic bisexuality and, more recently, fuelled a popular reaction which argues that homosexuality is not a matter for psychoanalytic investigation but a healthy extension of the personality. The profession similarly has been divided. This paper contends that homosexuality should remain an area for psychoanalytic consideration. There are transference and countertransference issues to examine that include shame, disgust, anger and revenge.While such emotions and reactions are not unique to the area of homosexuality they may lead to particularly destructive effects if left unobserved in our work and in ourselves.
An Integrated Systematic Design Recovery Framework
Authors: Urbanic R. J. , ElMaraghy W. H. , ElMaraghy H. A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Reverse engineering aims at reproducing an existing object by analyzing its dimensions, features, form, and properties. Reversing geometry has traditionally been emphasized in this process. The collected data and information must be transformed into pertinent product knowledge at both the detail and embodiment levels. A thorough analysis of the environment must be conducted in order determine the functional requirements, infer the original needs, and deduce the form and fit features. An integrated approach that blends techniques such as IDEF modeling, scanning, and physical measurements, least-squares methods, and statistics used for process capability analysis in an innovative manner can lead to a more complete model, as no one set of tools can provide a complete, comprehensive engineering representation. An integrated and systematic framework for design recovery of mechanical parts is proposed. Forward engineering techniques should be applied appropriately throughout and integrated with the reverse engineering process to heal the knowledge gaps. Examples are presented that illustrate the application of the proposed integrated approach and highlight its merits.
Efficacy of Caspofungin against
Aspergillus flavus
,
Aspergillus terreus
, and
Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Bowman J. C. , Abruzzo G. K. , Flattery A. M. , Gill C. J. , Hickey E. J. , Hsu M. J. , Nielsen Kahn J. , Liberator P. A. , Misura A. S. , Pelak B. A. , Wang T. C. , Douglas C. M. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

The echinocandin caspofungin is a potent inhibitor of the activity of 1,3-β-
d
-glucan synthase from
Aspergillus flavus
,
Aspergillus terreus
, and
Aspergillus nidulans
. In murine models of disseminated infection, caspofungin prolonged survival and reduced the kidney fungal burden. Caspofungin was at least as effective as amphotericin B against these filamentous fungi in vivo.
Acyl-Substituted Dermaseptin S4 Derivatives with Improved Bactericidal Properties, Including on Oral Microflora
Authors: Porat Y. , Marynka K. , Tam A. , Steinberg D. , Mor A. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

The 15-mer dermaseptin S4 derivative S4(1-15) was recently shown to exhibit potent activity against oral pathogens associated with caries and periodontitis. Here, we investigated possible modes for improving the peptide's properties through systematic replacement of an N-terminal amino acid(s) with various fatty acids that modulate the peptide's hydrophobicity and/or charge. Deletion of 1 to 3 residues led to progressive loss of potency as assessed by MIC experiments performed on four test bacteria. Replacing the deleted amino acids with fatty acids most often resulted in potency recovery or improvement, as evidenced by lower MICs and faster bactericidal kinetics in culture media. Best results were obtained after replacement of the N-terminal dipeptide alanine-leucine with heptanoic (C
7
) or aminododecanoic (NC
12
) acid. Circular dichroism analysis correlated antibacterial properties to the peptide's secondary structure. MIC experiments and confocal laser scanning microscopy results indicated that C
7
-S4(3-15) and NC
12
-S4(3-15) were bactericidal to various oral pathogens, including those which are immobilized in a biofilm. C
7
-S4(3-15) performed similarly to or better than (depending on growth medium) IB-367, a peptide assessed in clinical trials for treatment of oral mucositis, reducing CFU counts by >3 log units within 2 min of incubation. Collectively, the data indicate that substitution of fatty acids for amino acids may be a useful strategy in revealing improved derivatives of known antimicrobial peptides and suggest the suitability of such compounds for controlling pathogens associated with oral diseases.