bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human D‐amino acid oxidase: an update and review
Authors: Kawazoe Tomoya , Park Hwan Ki , Iwana Sanae , Tsuge Hideaki , Fukui Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe flavoprotein D‐amino acid oxidase (DAO) degrades the gliotransmitter D‐Ser, a potent activator of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐type glutamate receptors. A body of evidence suggests that DAO, together with its activator, G72 protein, may play a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It has also been suggested that 3,4‐dihydroxy‐D‐phenylalanine (D‐DOPA), the stereoisomer of 3,4‐dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (L‐DOPA), is oxidized by DAO and converted to dopamine via an alternative biosynthetic pathway. We determined the crystal structures of human DAO in complex with the reaction products of two clinically important substrates, D‐Ser and D‐DOPA. Kinetic data show that the maximum velocity is much greater for D‐DOPA than that for D‐Ser, which strongly supports the proposed alternative pathway for dopamine biosynthesis in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In addition, biochemical characterization of human DAO indicates that it binds FAD more weakly than does porcine D‐amino acid oxidase (pDAO) and exists as a stable homodimer, even in the apoprotein form. Determination of the structures of human DAO in various states reveals that, in contrast to pDAO, the hydrophobic‐Val‐Ala‐Ala‐Gly‐Leu (VAAGL) stretch (residues 47–51, structurally ambivalent peptide) located at the si‐face of the flavin ring assumes a uniquely stable conformation, which provides a structural basis for the unique kinetic features of human DAO. © 2007 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 7: 305–315; 2007: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20129
Modern management of postpartum hypertension
Authors: Chandiramani M. , Shennan A.H. , Waugh J.J.S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCurrent evidence focuses mainly on hypertensive disorders that develop in the antenatal and intrapartum period, while hypertension in the postpartum period is a contentious and poorly managed area. The authors outline what is known about the incidence, risk factors, optimal management and implications of postnatal hypertensive disorders. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Examples of sports‐based youth development programs
Authors: Berlin Richard A. , Dworkin Aaron , Eames Ned , Menconi Arn , Perkins Daniel F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe authors provide examples of sports‐based youth development programs and offer information about program mission and vision, program design and content, evaluation results, and program sustainability. The four sports‐based youth development programs presented are Harlem RBI, Tenacity, Snowsports Outreach Society, and Hoops & Leaders Basketball Camp. These programs serve diverse audiences with diverse missions, but all are focused on using sports to develop life skills and facilitate learning. Harlem RBI serves boys and girls ages seven to eighteen living in East Harlem. The program combines baseball, academic, and enrichment programs with the overall goal that participants who enter the program as vulnerable children graduate as resilient young adults. Tenacity, a nonprofit organization with headquarters in Boston, uses tennis to attract and retain students who particiate in a high‐quality academic support and physical fitness program. The mission of Snowsports Outreach Society, based in Vail, Colorado, is building character in at‐risk and underprivileged youth to develop their decision‐making ability for healthy and successful life experiences. Hoops & Leaders Basketball Camp is a youth mentoring and leadership development program that offers summer camp experiences to improve the lives of at‐risk urban youth in New York City. It uses the game of basketball to provide youth with caring mentors, develop leadership skills, and offer exposure to different educational and career paths.
Intermediaries supporting sports‐based youth development programs
Authors: Wicks Anne , Beedy Jeffrey P. , Spangler Kathy J. , Perkins Daniel F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe authors describe intermediary organizations whose aim is to provide technical assistance to sports organizations about infusing a youth development emphasis into their programming. Team‐Up for Youth, Sports PLUS Global, and the National Recreation and Park Association are the three organizations highlighted in this article. Team‐Up for Youth's mission is to pioneer innovative strategies to support the healthy development of youth by strengthening and expanding afterschool sports and physical activity programs. Team‐Up works with youth sports providers, policymakers and public officials, and staff and students at colleges and universities in the San Francisco Bay Area. It concentrates on five areas: training and education, coaching corps, grant making, public policy, and knowledge creating and sharing. Sports PLUS Global is an international organization that delivers educational training to communities using sports to promote human development, social change, and human rights. It uses the Positive Learning Using Sports (PLUS) method to reach children, coaches, and educators in camps and afterschool programs. The PLUS method employs twelve steps that are described in detail in the article. The National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) engages national partners and local park and recreation agencies to improve the quality of youth sports nationwide. NRPA, in partnership with Sports Illustrated magazine, developed and manages the Sports Illustrated GOOD SPORTS initiative. Communities are improving youth sports through the following elements: teaching life skills, empowering success among youth, promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyles, and strengthening communities.
The spectrum of Trp− mutants isolated as 5‐fluoroanthranilate‐resistant clones in Saccharomyces bayanus, S. mikatae and S. paradoxus
Authors: Jones Elizabeth W. , Berget Peter B. , Burnette III James M. , Anderson Candice , Asafu‐Adjei Denise , Avetisian Seda , Barrie Fatmata , Chen Ruby , Chu Bur , Conroy Samantha , Conroy Sean , Dill Allyson , Eimer Will , Garrity Diane , Greenwood Alexander , Hamilton Tamara , Hucko Simon , Jackson Carmen , Livesey Kristen , Monaco Tiffany , Onorato Christina , Otsuka Mai , Pai Satyan , Schaeffer George , Shung Sharon , Spath Samantha , Stahlman Jonathan , Sweeney Blake , Wiltrout Elizabeth , Yurovsky Daniel , Zonneveld Andrea 
Published: October 2007

Abstract5‐Fluoroanthranilic acid (FAA)‐resistant mutants were selected in homothallic diploids of three Saccharomyces species, taking care to isolate mutants of independent origin. Mutations were assigned to complementation groups by interspecific complementation with S. cerevisiae tester strains. In all three species, trp3, trp4 and trp5 mutants were recovered. trp1 mutants were also recovered if the selection was imposed on a haploid strain. Thus, FAA selection may be more generally applicable than was previously described. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of Hepatic Arterial Anatomy in Keeping with Preservation of the Vasculature While Performing Pancreatoduodenectomy: An Opinion
Authors: Yang Sung Hoon , Yin Yong Hu , Jang Jin‐Young , Lee Seung Eun , Chung Jin Wook , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Lee Kuhn Uk , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic surgeons often must make decisions regarding hepatic artery (HA) resection while performing a pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). The purpose of this report was to review and summarize HA resection experience with a focus on vascular preservation during PD and to develop a useful guideline for pancreatic surgeons in dealing with these needs.MethodsWe reviewed 1324 cases that had available computed tomographic and angiographic findings and summarized the problematic HA variations encountered in PD. In reviewing our PD series (n = 254), we have created a set of guidelines that enable a pragmatic approach to the unique variations in HA and the risks of cancer invasion.ResultsChallenging HA variations during PD were found in 20.1% of the cases and included the common HA arising from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (2.34%), a replaced right HA (RHA) from the SMA (9.82%), an RHA or left HA from the gastroduodenal artery (0.97%), and the right anterior or right posterior HA from the SMA (1.06%), among others. In our PD series, the problematic HAs (15.8%) were preserved, except for a single case (0.4%) in which PD involved en bloc resection of the RHA from the SMA due to a cancerous invasion and without right hemihepatectomy.ConclusionsSurgeons should have knowledge of the anatomically variable vasculature of the HA when planning for PD. Preoperative imaging studies can aid and should be performed in anticipation of the potential HA variations during PD.
Family Influences on Adolescent Delinquent Behaviors: Applying the Social Development Model to A Chinese Sample
Authors: Deng Shiying , Roosa Mark W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe current study applied the Social Development Model (SDM) to improve understanding of the mediation processes through which the family environment was related to Chinese adolescent delinquent behavior. We tested the hypothesized model using structural equation modeling with questionnaire data collected from 736 Chinese 7th and 9th graders, their parents, and their teachers from two middle schools in Beijing, China. Testing the model separately for boys and girls yielded adequate fit indices for both although the hypothesized model was not invariant across gender and several gender differences were identified. The SDM appeared to be a valuable tool in studying the development of Chinese adolescent delinquency.
Neighborhood and Individual Factors in Marijuana and Other Illicit Drug Use in a Sample of Low‐income Women
Authors: Sunder Punita K. , Grady James J. , Wu Z. Helen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFew studies have systematically evaluated whether contextual variables differ in their ability to explain the use of different drugs in the same sample. Our objective was to examine correlates of use for different illicit drugs at the individual and neighborhood level in a tri‐ethnic sample of low‐income women, an underrepresented sample in drug research. Women 18–31 were recruited from a low‐cost family planning clinic in southeast Texas from December 2001 to May 2003. Neighborhood level indicators of disadvantage, family structure, and nativity status from U.S. Census 2000 were linked with individual survey data. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the effect of individual and neighborhood level measures on lifetime use of marijuana only and of other illicit drugs in 594 women. Only individual level variables (younger age, non‐Hispanic White ethnicity, not being married, greater peer acceptance of substance use) increased odds of exclusive marijuana use, controlling for neighborhood level factors. However, both neighborhood and individual level variables significantly predicted other illicit drug use. Residence in less disadvantaged neighborhoods, non‐Hispanic White ethnicity, higher levels of education, greater acceptance of substance use by peers, and a larger number of perceived neighborhood problems increased odds of illicit drug use. Use of other illicit drugs with or without marijuana may be more closely tied to area level factors whereas factors driving exclusive marijuana use may not rely on localized structures to the same extent. Thus, community‐level interventions may need to customize their approaches according to the type of drug use targeted. The implication of using neighborhood level variables in substance use research is also discussed.
Surface Properties and Biological Activity of Select Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Mahmoud S. A. , Ismail D. A. , Ghazy E. A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA series of cationic surfactants, N‐(decyl N‐tri‐ethanol ammonium Bromide) (C10), N‐(dodecyl N‐triethanol ammonium Bromide) (C12), N‐(hexadecyl N‐triethanol ammonium Bromide) (C16) were synthesized. These compounds have been evaluated by studying their surface properties, surface parameters, biodegradability and antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
Preparation of Protein‐Stabilized β‐Carotene Nanodispersions by Emulsification–Evaporation Method
Authors: Chu Boon‐Seang , Ichikawa Sosaku , Kanafusa Sumiyo , Nakajima Mitsutoshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis work was initiated to prepare protein‐stabilized β‐carotene nanodispersions using emulsification–evaporation. A pre‐mix of the aqueous phase composed of a protein and hexane containing β‐carotene was subjected to high‐pressure homogenization using a microfluidizer. Hexane in the resulting emulsion was evaporated under reduced pressures, causing crystallization and precipitation of β‐carotene inside the droplets and formation of β‐carotene nanoparticles. Sodium caseinate (SC) was the most effective emulsifier among selected proteins in preparing the nanodispersion, with a monomodal β‐carotene particle‐size distribution and a 17‐nm mean particle size. The results were confirmed by transmission‐electron microscopy analysis. SC‐stabilized nanodispersion also had considerably high ζ‐potential (−27 mV at pH 7), suggesting that the nanodispersion was stable against particle aggregation. Increasing the SC concentration decreased the mean particle size and improved the polydispersity of the nanodispersions. Nanodispersions prepared with higher β‐carotene concentrations and higher organic‐phase ratios resulted in larger β‐carotene particles. Although increased microfluidization pressure did not decrease particle size, it did improve the polydispersity of the nanodispersions. Repeating the microfluidization process at 140 MPa caused the nanodispersions to become polydisperse, indicating the loss of emulsifying capacity of SC due to protein denaturation.
Medication Safety: Just a Label Away
Authors: Jennings Jane , Foster Jan 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTIN PERIOPERATIVE SETTINGS, medications are removed from manufacturers' identifying containers; therefore, scrub personnel should label medications placed on the sterile field.COMPLIANCE WITH MEDICATION labeling practices with the use of both blank and preprinted labels was tested in the OR at a Houston, Texas, hospital.SCRUB PERSONNEL WERE more likely to label medications and medication‐delivery devices when preprinted medication labels were provided.DATA OBTAINED FROM this project influenced the hospital's management team to supply preprinted labels for all procedures to improve safety for surgical patients.
A yeast model of Down syndrome
Authors: Moldrich Randal X. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe recent discovery that cellular proliferation was reduced in aneuploid haploid yeast supports a long‐standing argument that the developmental neurophenotype of Down syndrome is not uniquely a result of the effects of increased gene dosage. Instead, some phenotypic outcomes appear to resemble those caused by disrupted cellular homeostasis induced by aneuploidy. Decreased cellular proliferation has been identified in the cerebellum and hippocampus of Down syndrome mouse models and in the post‐mortem hippocampus and germinal matrix of Down syndrome fetuses. Consistent with predominantly stochastic gene expression and increased energy demands induced by aneuploidy, the “buffering” canalization processes in Down syndrome would be reduced thereby giving rise to increased variance to less stable developmental pathways such as proliferation. The nature and extent of phenotypes due to reduced canalization would depend on the tissue; which is also a question for future research to address. A conceptual model is presented here to demonstrate the nature of influences affecting phenotypes. Ultimately, in Down syndrome, exigent periods of neurodevelopment increasingly appear to reflect the burden of disrupted homeostasis.
Exogenous nucleosides accelerate differentiation of rat intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: María Vieites Jose , Torre Raúl de la , Ramírez María del Carmen , Torres María Isabel , Sánchez-Pozo Antonio , Gil Angel , Suárez Antonio 
Published: October 2007

Several studies have reported differing data on the effect of exogenous nucleosides and nucleotides on the proliferation and differentiation in various intestinal cell lines and explants. To study whether exogenous nucleosides modulate intestinal cell differentiation, IEC-6 cells were differentiated in the presence or absence of a nucleoside mixture (cytidine, uridine, guanosine and inosine, 30 μmeach), and the concentrations of nucleoside derivatives were determined by HPLC. Cell differentiation was assessed by electron microscopy, alkaline phosphatase activity andRnd3gene expression. The present results showed that uridine, guanosine and inosine were cleared from culture media (up to 32, 63 and 100 % in proliferating cells, and 31, 80 and 94 % in differentiated cells, respectively) whereas cytidine concentrations increased. Differentiation of IEC-6 cells was associated with a significant increase in intracellular nucleotide concentrations. Clearance of nucleosides correlated with a significant increase in the intracellular nucleotide pool in proliferating and differentiated IEC-6 cells. Intracellular guanosine nucleotides increased 2·5- and 5-fold in nucleoside-supplemented proliferating and differentiated cells, respectively. At 24 h, nucleoside-supplemented differentiated IEC-6 cells had significantly higher energy charge and GTP levels than non-supplemented ones. These modifications paralleled changes in cell differentiation as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, prolonged microvilli formation and accelerated down-regulation ofRnd3gene expression. The present findings suggest that exogenous nucleosides were selectively taken up by IEC-6 cells, increased the intracellular nucleotide pool, GTP and energy charge, and favoured cell morphological and functional changes during differentiation.
Bacterial adhesion to stainless steel is reduced by aqueous fish extract coatings
Authors: Bernbom N. , Jørgensen R. L. , Ng Y. Y. , Meyer R. L. , Kingshott P. , Vejborg R. M. , Klemm P. , Besenbacher F. , Gram L. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTMicrobial adhesion and biofilm formation on surfaces pose major problems and risks to human health. One way to circumvent this problem is to coat surfaces (in this report stainless steel) with a non-toxic fish extract that generates an abiotic surface with less bacterial attachment than uncoated surfaces or surfaces coated with, for example, tryptone soy broth. The bacteria grow well in the fish extract; hence a general bacteriocidal effect is not the reason for the antifouling effect. Bacterial attachment was quantified by different methods including (a) direct fluorescence microscopy, (b) removal by ultrasound and subsequent quantification of the adhered bacteria, and (c) regrowth of the adhered bacteria measured by indirect conductometry. Surprisingly, the bacterial counts on surfaces coated with aqueous fish extract were 10–100 times lower than on surfaces coated with laboratory broths when surfaces were submerged in bacterial suspensions. The effect was seen forPseudomonas fluorescensAH2,Pseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1,Escherichia coliMG1655,Vibrio anguillarum90-11-287 andAeromonas salmonicidaJno 3175/88. It lasted for at least 7 days. Atomic force microscopy showed that steel surfaces conditioned with fish extract were covered by a thin layer of spherical, nanosized particles. Chemical analysis of the surfaces coated with adsorbed fish extract using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the layer was proteinaceous and had a thickness less than 2 nm. Numerous protein bands/peaks were also detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. We conclude that coating the stainless steel surface with fish extract results in a thin protein layer that reduces bacterial adhesion significantly.
Effects of smectite clay on biofilm formation by microorganisms
Authors: Alimova A. , Roberts M. , Katz A. , Rudolph E. , Steiner J. C. , Alfano R. R. , Gottlieb P. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the role of smectite clay particles in biofilm formation by several different species of bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae, Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureusandBacillus subtilis). We observed that the presence of clay particles enhances the formation of biofilms and, after 24 h, the bacterial populations in the clay mixtures were greater than the respective populations in media without clay. Smectite-bearing clay slurries uniformly develop bacteria–clay aggregates with a substantial biofilm component within 24 h, while the exclusively bacterial suspensions do not develop any observable biofilm component. The biofilm–clay aggregates vary in size from tens of micrometers to several millimeters. Biofilm formation was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy and fluorescence staining. Biofilm promotion by smectite clays may indicate the importance of transport of bacteria by aerosol dust particles.
Agonist‐dependent cannabinoid receptor signalling in human trabecular meshwork cells
Authors: McIntosh B T , Hudson B , Yegorova S , Jollimore C A B , Kelly M E M 
Published: October 2007

Background and purpose:Trabecular meshwork (TM) is an ocular tissue involved in the regulation of aqueous humour outflow and intraocular pressure (IOP). CB1receptors (CB1) are present in TM and cannabinoid administration decreases IOP. CB1signalling was investigated in a cell line derived from human TM (hTM).Experimental approach:CB1signalling was investigated using ratiometric Ca2+imaging, western blotting and infrared In‐Cell Western analysis.Key results:WIN55212‐2, a synthetic aminoalkylindole cannabinoid receptor agonist (10–100 μM) increased intracellular Ca2+in hTM cells. WIN55,212‐2‐mediated Ca2+increases were blocked by AM251, a CB1antagonist, but were unaffected by the CB2antagonist, AM630. The WIN55,212‐2‐mediated increase in [Ca2+]iwas pertussis toxin (PTX)‐insensitive, therefore, independent of Gi/ocoupling, but was attenuated by a dominant negative Gαq/11subunit, implicating a Gq/11signalling pathway. The increase in [Ca2+]iwas dependent upon PLC activation and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+stores. A PTX‐sensitive increase in extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation was also observed in response to WIN55,212‐2, indicative of a Gi/osignalling pathway. CB1‐Gq/11coupling to activate PLC‐dependent increases in Ca2+appeared to be specific to WIN55,212‐2 and were not observed with other CB1agonists, including CP55,940 and methanandamide. CP55940 produced PTX‐sensitive increases in [Ca2+]iat concentrations ≥15 μM, and PTX‐sensitive increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation.Conclusions and implications:This study demonstrates that endogenous CB1couples to both Gq/11and Gi/oin hTM cells in an agonist‐dependent manner. Cannabinoid activation of multiple CB1signalling pathways in TM tissue could lead to differential changes in aqueous humour outflow and IOP.British Journal of Pharmacology(2007)152, 1111–1120; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707495; published online 8 October 2007