bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal passage of the PEG end‐piece: Is it safe?
Authors: COVENTRY BRENDON J. , KARATASSAS ALEX , GOWER LISA , WILSON PETER 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo rare but life‐threatening complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) are reported: small bowel perforation and obstruction. Both resulted from impaction of the PEG end‐piece after separation at skin level. Review of the literature revealed very few complications from intestinal passage of PEG end‐pieces. The free intragastric PEG end‐piece routinely passes through the gastrointestinal tract in most cases. One of these two cases was drawn from a series of 100 patients with intentional intestinal passage of PEG end‐pieces to give a severe complication rate of 1%.A case can be made for routine endoscopic per‐oral removal of PEG end‐pieces in the elective setting, but this is more costly and not without hazard. Previous laparotomy and/or known adhesions is a relative indication for endoscopic retrieval of the PEG end‐piece. Oesophageal disease or intolerance of endoscopy is a relative indication for intestinal passage. Close clinical follow up is recommended to ensure that the PEG end‐piece has passed per‐rectum. If the PEG end‐piece has not passed and is shown in the small bowel on plain X‐ray at ∼3 weeks after separation then lodgement has probably occurred and early operative intervention is warranted.
Survival after a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Prognosis of potential candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: ALTMAN CLAUDE , GRANGÉ JEAN‐DIDIER , AMIOT XAVIER , PELLETIER GILLES , LACAINE FRANÇOIS , BODIN FRANÇOIS , ETIENNE JEAN‐PIERRE 
Published: March 2008

Abstract To determine the potential role of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in cirrhotic patients surviving a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), medical records of 79 patients presenting with a first episode of SBP were reviewed. Of these patients, 37 were selected as potential candidates for OLT using the following criteria: absence of hepatocellular carcinoma; no severe organ failure other than the liver; age ≤ 66 years; and survival after SBP > 60 days. Survival time was calculated from the day of SBP diagnosis. Prognostic value of clinical, biological and bacteriological data recorded at the time of SBP was determined using univariate and multivariate analysis (Cox's regression model).Survival rate of the potential candidates for OLT at 3 months, 1 year and 2 years was 94, 46 and 30%, respectively. Serum creatinine value (P= 0.001) and Pugh score (P= 0.005) were independently correlated with death. The 1 year survival rate was 80% for the 11 patients with a Pugh score < 10, and 26% for the 26 patients with a Pugh score ≥ 10.Our results suggest that after SBP, OLT should be considered in patients with severe liver disease. Survival of patients with a moderate liver disease (i.e. Pugh score < 10) might be relatively high.
Familial juvenile polyposis with adenomatous‐carcinomatous change
Authors: SHARMA A. K. , SHARMA S. S. , MATHUR P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract A family tree of 118 members with five members found to have juvenile polyposis‐adenomatous change and four juvenile polyposis‐adenomatous‐carcinomatous change is presented. All the patients developed bleeding per rectum between 10 and 17 years of age. Four members died of colonic malignancy between 30 and 55 years of age. Colonoscopy in five living members revealed typical juvenile polyps throughout the whole length of the colon and atypical large lobulated polyps containing adenomatous change in juvenile polyps in the rectosigmoid area. An autosomal dominant mode of transmission was evident on analysis of the pedigree. Gastric hyperplastic polyps were present in three of the five living members.Familial juvenile polyposis may have the potential to progress into adenoma‐carcinoma sequence and is not always a benign disorder. Colonoscopic surveillance should be done to detect adenomatous change if any member of the juvenile polyposis family develops colonic malignancy.
Sulphated macromolecules produced by in vivo labelling in the rat gastric mucosa
Authors: LYONS K. C. , ANDREWS F. J. , COMPER W. D. , O'BRIEN P. E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the nature and distribution of sulphated macromolecules of the extracellular matrix in rat gastric mucosa. This was achieved by developing an in vivo labelling system.An intraperitoneal injection of 1 mCi [35S]‐sulphate was given for either 4 h (0.01% incorporation into macromolecular fraction) or 8 h (0.13% incorporation). At the end of the labelling period the stomach was removed and the mucosa and submucosa was either taken as a single combined sample or separated into four layers by blunt dissection. Each sample was papain digested and analysed by ion‐exchange chromatography. This analysis revealed sulphated species of differing charge existing in differing proportions throughout the mucosa. These sulphated species eluted at NaCl concentrations of approximately 0 (A), 0.19 (B), 0.34 (C) and 0.78 mol/L (D) from a Q‐Sepharose ion exchange column. Further analysis by size exclusion chromatography and chemical and enzymatic digestion showed that peaks B and C had molecular weights of 2.4 × 105 and 2.8 × 105, respectively and were resistant to chondroitinase ABC, heparitinase and nitrous acid digestion. Peak D was found to contain a polydisperse population of molecules with a molecular weight range of approximately 1 × 104 to 6 × 104. This sample was susceptible to nitrous acid and chondroitinase ABC digestion and was found predominantly in the sample isolated from deeper in the tissue.We have thus developed an in vivo labelling technique for sulphated macromolecules that can be used in the further study of injury to the gastric mucosa.
A non‐invasive method for evaluating cirrhotic portal hypertension by administration of 99mTc‐MIBI per rectum
Authors: WANG JI‐YAO , CHEN SHAO‐LIANG , CHEN FU‐ZHEN , XU WEI‐GANG , HU DE‐CHENG , CHEN XUE‐FEN , JIN GANG , LIU HOU‐YU 
Published: March 2008

Abstract A study was performed to evaluate radio‐isotopic imaging using technetium‐99m hexakis 2‐meth‐oxyisobutyl isonitrile administered per rectum to assess portal collateral circulation.The heart‐liver ratios (H/L; mean ± standard deviation) in 15 controls, 13 cases of histologically confirmed viral hepatitis and 57 cirrhosis patients were 0.27 ± 0.11, 0.43 ± 0.14 and 1.00 ± 0.28, respectively (P < 0.001). Among the cirrhosis patients those with the Child‐Pugh classification A, B and C had H/L of 0.56 ± 0.14, 1.00 ± 0.20 and 1.19 ± 0.26, respectively (P < 0.001). A high value of H/L was associated with a high risk of hepatic encephalopathy (1.25 ± 0.17, P < 0.01) and oesophageal varices (1.02 ± 0.20, P < 0.01). There were associations between H/L and serum bilirubin (P < 0.01), albumin (P < 0.05) and prothrombin time (P < 0.05). The results also showed a good correlation between H/L and portal vein pressure measured during operation in 13 patients (P < 0.001, r= 0.87). The regression equation: y= 6.77 + 32.5 H/L, allowed portal vein pressure to be estimated.The prognostic value of the test was supported by the fact that good correlations were observed between the H/L ratio and widely accepted prognostic classification (Child‐Pugh). It is suggested that this new method could be a reliable non‐invasive way to give an indication of the degree of portasystemic shunting to evaluate the prognosis and to follow up the effects of medications for reducing portal hypertension in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Hepatic portal infiltrates in mice immunized with syngeneic lymphoid cells: Connotations for models of autoimmune liver disease
Authors: KARANIKAS VAIOS , MACKAY IAN R , ROWLEY MERRILL J , VEITCH BARRY , LOVELAND BRUCE E 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate liver histology in mice after immunization with the conserved self molecule dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, E3, a subunit of the mitochondrial 2‐OADC enzyme family identified as the M2 autoantigen in the liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis. Mice were immunized by a novel procedure. The autoantigen E3 was introduced by pinocytosis into hypertonically treated syngeneic lymphoid cells to facilitate intracellular antigen processing and presentation and the generation of a cytolytic T cell response. Liver sections were examined and scored for evidence of an inflammatory response by two independent procedures: standard microscopy with visual scoring, and automated scanning with computerized scoring. There was a close correlation between read‐outs of liver histology by standard microscopy and automated scanning, using the index of mononuclear cellular infiltrations in hepatic portal tracts. Such infiltrates were prominent in the immunized mice, but, unexpectedly, the degree of infiltration was similar in mice injected with autoantigen (E3)‐loaded syngeneic cells, or syngeneic cells treated only with hypertonic medium. The equivalent changes in the liver with the experimental and control protocol is indicative of the reactivity of the liver to any provocative immune stimulus, and is cautionary for protocols designed for the induction of autoimmune liver disease in experimental animals.
Infection of human hepatocyte cell lines with hepatitis C virus in vitro
Authors: TAGAWA M. , KATO N. , YOKOSUKA O. , ISHIKAWA T. , OHTO M. , OMATA M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHepatocyte related cell lines, namely human embryonic hepatocyte cell line (WRL68) and hepatoblastoma cell line (Hep G2), were tested for their ability to support hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro. The replicative intermediate of the minus strand HCV RNA was newly transcribed from the inoculated virus, and was stable in WRL68 cells over a period of 62 days. HCV RNA detected in the culture medium at 62 days after infection suggested a long period of virus secretion from this cell line. In Hep G2, transcription of the minus strand HCV RNA was also detected until 39 days after infection, but transcription and secretion of viral progeny could not be demonstrated. Although HCV infection of WRL68 was not high, this cell line might prove to be a useful tool for studying HCV replication in vitro.
Epithelioid granulomas in chronic hepatitis C: A transient pathological feature
Authors: OKUNO TADAO , ARAI KEN , MATSUMOTO MASAYUKI , SHINDO MICHIKO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMultiple hepatic granulomas in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with alpha interferon were recently observed. To assess the presence of hepatic granulomas in chronic hepatitis C, and to determine whether their presence is related to interferon therapy or primarily related to chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection, 446 liver biopsy specimens from 239 Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C were reviewed. Well‐formed non‐caseating epithelioid granulomas were found in five (1.1%) of 446 liver biopsy specimens from five (2.0%) of 239 patients. All five patients had been followed up for 1 to 3 years, having between one and six liver biopsy specimens taken at intervals of 6 months to 1 year. Four of these five patients received alpha interferon therapy during the follow‐up period. Hepatic granulomas were found in one of the pretherapy liver biopsy specimens in four patients and in one of the post‐therapy specimens in one patient. Extensive investigation of the aetiology of hepatic granulomas yielded no conclusive findings. The presence of hepatic granulomas could not be demonstrated in follow‐up liver biopsy specimens taken from the four patients who had undergone alpha interferon therapy. These findings suggest that hepatic granulomas may appear as an expression of non‐specific reaction in HCV‐related chronic hepatitis, and are not related to alpha interferon therapy.
Epidemiology of genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Japanese patients with type C chronic liver diseases: A multi‐institution analysis
Authors: TANAKA EIJI , KIYOSAWA KENDO , MATSUSHIMA TAKASHI , ISHIKAWA KAZUYOSHI , HINO KUNIHIKO , TANAKA SATOSHI , NOSE HARUHIKO , KUMADA HIROMITSU , IINO SHIRO , KAMIMURA TOMOTERU , UNOURA MASASHI , MIZOKAMI MASASHI , OKANOUE TAKESHI , KUROKI TETSUO , YAMADA GOTARO , MIURA TOHRU , YANO MICHITAMI , TSUBOUCHI HIROHITO , KOHARA MICHINORI , SATO SHUNICHI , HATTORI NOBU , GROUP GNOTYPING ELISA STUDY 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSixteen medical institutions in Japan collaborated in this study of the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes. A total of 4176 patients with type C chronic liver disease, from the four main islands of Japan, were evaluated. Of those evaluated, 2794 had chronic hepatitis, 727 had liver cirrhosis and 655 had hepatocellular carcinoma. The HCV genotype of the patients was determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay based on serological genotype 1‐ and 2‐specific recombinant peptides (SG‐1 and SG‐2, respectively) of the NS4 region. The prevalence of SG‐1 and SG‐2 HCV was similar in the four main islands of Japan. SG‐1 HCV predominated in each disease category (69–76%). The percentage of patients with SG‐1 HCV increased by 7%, while that of patients with SG‐2 HCV decreased by 7%, as liver disease progressed in severity from chronic hepatitis to carcinoma (P < 0.001). Patients with either SG‐1 or SG‐2 had a similar mean age and history of blood transfusion. In conclusion, SG‐1 HCV was found to predominate in Japan, and the HCV genotype was found to be related to the stage of hepatitis C disease.
Effect of nizatidine and ranitidine on 24 hour intragastric pH, pepsin, prostaglandin E2 and serum gastrin concentrations in healthy volunteers
Authors: THOMSON ABR , KIRDEIKIS P. , JAMALI F. , TAVERNINI M. , ZUK L. , MARRIAGE B. , SIMPSON I. , MAHACHAI V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn order to achieve possible greater therapeutic efficacy, ranitidine 300 mg bid (R2) may be given rather than 300 mg qhs (R1), or nizatidine 300 mg bid (N2) may be given rather than 300 mg qhs (N1). A randomized placebo‐controlled crossover study was performed in six healthy volunteers (four males, two females) who ranged in age from 23 to 43 years, comparing R1 R2, N1, and N2 versus placebo (P), measuring 24 h intragastric pH by the aspiration technique, gastric juice pepsin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations, as well as serum gastrin concentrations. In all treatment groups, 24‐h intragastric pH was higher than with P; the 24 h and daytime (0800–2200 h) pH was higher with N2 than with N1 but not with R2 versus R1. The percentage pH ≥ 3 was greater with N2 than with N1 during the daytime. Night‐time (2200–0800 h) and 24 h pepsin concentrations were higher in R2 than in R1, were similar in N1 and N2, and were lower in these treatment groups than in P. The gastric juice PGE2 concentration at night‐time, but not at daytime, was increased in the four treatment groups compared with P. Despite the higher pH values at night‐time in the treatment groups, the night‐time concentrations of serum gastrin were unchanged, and yet during the daytime the higher values of pH were associated with increased gastrin concentrations when R2 or N2 were given, but not with R1 and N2. There was a negative correlation between intragastric juice pH and pepsin concentration during the daytime, and a positive correlation between pH and PGE2 concentration during the night‐time. The slopes and y‐axis intercepts between pH and pepsin or PGE2, concentrations differed between the placebo and the treatment groups, suggesting that these H2‐receptor antagonists may have an effect on lowering pepsin and raising PGE2 concentrations in addition to their effects on pH. As the percentage of time over the 24 h period and night‐time periods when the pH was greater than 3 was not different between ranitidine and nizatidine, the two regimens will likely have similar clinical efficacy.
The contrasting influence of chronic nicotine intake on gastrin and gastric acid secretion
Authors: WONG D. , OGLE CW 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effects of chronic nicotine treatment on gastric acid secretion stimulated by subcutaneous injection of pentagastrin, as well as on serum gastrin levels and the stomach parietal cell population, were examined. Rats drank a solution of nicotine 25 μg/mL tap water for periods of 10, 30 or 45 days. Pentagastrin increased the gastric secretory volume and acid output in pylorus‐ligated control animals that drank tap water. Animals given nicotine in their drinking water for 10, 30 or 45 days showed increased basal gastric secretion and acid output. Pentagastrin produced maximum stimulatory effects at lower dose levels of 50 μg/kg in the 10‐day treatment group and 25 μg/kg in the 30‐ or 45‐day treatment groups; however, the maximum responses to pentagastrin in all nicotine‐treated batches were comparable to those of their corresponding controls. Serum gastrin levels remained unchanged from the 10th day of nicotine treatment, whereas the levels in the control animals continued to rise with age. Nicotine 25 μg/mL drinking water given for 10, 30 or 45 days caused no significant changes in the parietal cell population, mucosal surface area or mucosal thickness. These findings are consistent with the idea that chronic nicotine administration, for at least 10 days, will lead to increased muscarinic receptor sensitivity; basal acid secretion is consequently elevated, and this in turn may depress gastrin secretion.
Comparison of lansoprazole and omeprazole in the short‐term management of duodenal ulcers in Taiwan
Authors: CHANG F‐Y , CHIANG C‐Y , TAM T‐N , NG W‐W , LEE S‐D 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLansoprazole is a novel H +/K + ‐ATPase inhibitor which exhibits a very potent and long‐acting suppression of acid secretion. The object of this randomized, controlled trial was to compare duodenal ulcer healing rates after 4 weeks of treatment with a once‐daily regimen of either 30 mg lansoprazole or 20 mg omeprazole. Of a total of 111 patients 57 received lansoprazole, whereas 54 received omeprazole. In intention‐to‐treat analysis at 4 weeks, 89.5% patients showed ulcer healing following treatment with lansoprazole compared with 83.3% of patients treated with omeprazole. Per protocol analysis indicated that 96.1% of patients treated with lansoprazole showed ulcer healing, compared with 93.6% of patients treated with omeprazole (NS). Age, smoking or ulcer size did not affect the ulcer healing rate. Both agents could effectively and quickly resolve ulcer symptoms. The Helicobacter pylori clearance was seen in 36 (73.5%) patients in the lansoprazole group and in 40 (80%) patients in the omeprazole group after four weeks of treatment (NS). In addition, both agents led to hypergastrinaemia, by approximately 1.6 fold. Adverse side effects included a few occurrences of reversible skin rash and constipation. It is concluded that lansoprazole elicits an adequate healing response and resolves symptoms of duodenal ulcer as well as omeprazole. Furthermore, lansoprazole is well tolerated with a few adverse side effects.
Acute hepatitis C transmitted by needlestick accident despite short duration interferon treatment
Authors: NAKANO YOSHIYUKI , KIYOSAWA KENDO , SODEYAMA TAKESHI , TANAKA EIJI , MATSUMOTO AKIHIRO , ICHIJO TETSUYA , MIZOKAMI MASASHI , FURUTA SEIICHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission by needlestick accidents involving hospital employees has become an important problem. The present report is of a case of acute hepatitis C that developed after a needlestick injury, despite short duration interferon treatment performed just after the accident in a trial effort to prevent HCV transmission. Nosocomial infection of HCV in medical employees is reviewed, and the current prospects for protecting them from HCV transmission after needlestick accident are discussed.
Interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C in haemodialysis patients: Suggestions based on a small series
Authors: OKUDA KUNIO , HAYASHI HARUYUKI , YOKOZEKI KAZUO , KONDO TOMOKO , KASHIMA TAKASHI , IRIE YASUBUMI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChronic hepatitis C is endemic among chronic haemodialysis patients. There have been a number of reports on hepatocellular carcinoma developing in such patients in Japan. The present study reports on the treatment of 15 patients who showed elevated ALT levels due to biopsy proven chronic hepatitis C with interferon α‐2a (IFN). The dose schedule was 6 mega units (MU) daily for the first two weeks followed by 3 doses per week for 5.5 months. Side effects were so severe that IFN treatment was discontinued early in one patient, the dosage reduced in 11 and only tolerated in the original schedule by three patients. Excluding one patient who only recently completed the therapy, 13 were able to be evaluated for therapy efficacy by assessment of serum ALT and viral RNA. The overall results showed that IFN was effective in eight of 13 patients, a rate somewhat higher than the reported figures in this country. It is concluded that IFN therapy is indicated in haemodialysis patients with progressive chronic hepatitis C, but the dose administered should be lower and the dose schedule more flexible, perhaps 3 MU three times a week, in order to minimize untoward side effects.
Bile acid‐induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential preceding cell injury in cultured gastric mucosal cells
Authors: MIURA SOICHIRO , FUKUMURA DAI , SHIOZAKI HIROSHI , SUZUKI MASAYUKI , KUROSE IWAO , SUEMATSU MAKOTO , TSUCHIYA MASAHARU , ISHII HIROMASA 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChanges in energy metabolism elicited by sodium taurocholate and their relation to cell viability were determined in gastric mucosal cells. Cultured mucosal cells were labelled with rhodamine‐123, a mitochondrial energization‐sensitive fluorescence probe, or by propidium iodide, a fluorochrome which labels the nuclei of non‐viable cells. The cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope with a laser scanning confocal imaging system. After the addition of sodium taurocholate at concentrations > 5 mol/L, mucosal cells showed a rapid and significant decrease in rhodamine‐123 fluorescence. A decrease to 40% of the pretreated values at 30 min was seen with a concentration of sodium taurocholate of 7.5mmol/L. A marked increase in the percentage of propidium iodide‐positive cells was noted when the concentration of sodium taurocholate exceeded 5mmol/L. However, the extent of the decrease in rhodamine‐123 fluorescence was always greater than the increase in the percentage of propidium iodide‐positive cells, suggesting that most of these gastric mucosal cells remained viable. It is therefore suggested that the decrease in rhodamine‐123 fluorescence is largely due to the disturbed oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria. Pretreatment of gastric mucosal cells with low concentrations of ethanol resulted in a significant cytoprotective effect against sodium taurocholate injury with significant prevention of a decrease in rhodamine‐123 fluoresence. It is concluded that sodium taurocholate induces a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential preceding cell injury and that the cytoprotective effect of ethanol relates to its attenuation of the uncoupling effect.