bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous process and molecular design—A property based approach
Authors: Eljack Fadwa T. , Eden Mario R. , Kazantzi Vasiliki , Qin Xiaoyun , El‐Halwagi Mahmoud M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProperty clustering techniques and group contribution methods are combined to enable simultaneous consideration of process performance requirements and molecular property constraints. Using this methodology, the process design problem is solved to identify the property targets corresponding to the desired process performance. A significant advantage of the developed methodology is that for problems that can be satisfactorily described by only three properties, the process and molecular design problems can be simultaneously solved visually on a ternary diagram, regardless of how many molecular fragments are included in the search space. On the ternary cluster diagram, the target properties are represented as individual points if given as discrete values, or as a region if given as intervals. The structure and identity of candidate components is then identified by combining or “mixing” molecular fragments until the resulting properties match the targets. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
DNA adducts in granulocytes of hospital workers exposed to ethylene oxide
Authors: Yong Lee C. , Schulte Paul A. , Kao Chi‐Yu , Giese Roger W. , Boeniger Mark F. , Strauss Gary H.S. , Petersen Martin R. , Wiencke John K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundEthylene oxide (EtO), an important industrial chemical intermediate and sterilant, is classified as a human carcinogen. Occupational EtO exposure in many countries is regulated at 1 ppm (8‐hr TWA), but levels of EtO‐DNA adducts in humans with low occupational EtO exposures have not been reported.MethodsWe examined the formation of N7‐(2′‐hydroxyethyl)guanine (N7‐HEG), a major DNA adduct of EtO, in 58 EtO‐exposed sterilizer operators and six nonexposed workers from ten hospitals. N7‐HEG was quantified in granulocyte DNA (0.1–11.5 µg) by a highly sensitive and specific gas chromatography‐electron capture‐mass spectrometry method. Cumulative exposure to EtO (ppm‐hour) was estimated during the 4‐month period before the collection of blood samples.ResultsThere was considerable inter‐individual variability in the levels of N7‐HEG with a range of 1.6–241.3 adducts/107 nucleotides. The mean levels in the nonexposed, low (≤32 ppm‐hour), and high (>32 ppm‐hour) EtO‐exposure groups were 3.8, 16.3, and 20.3 adducts/107 nucleotides, respectively, after the adjustment for cigarette smoking and other potential confounders, but the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated for the first time, detectable levels of N7‐HEG adducts in granulocytes of hospital workers with EtO exposures at levels less than the current U.S. standard of 1 ppm (8‐hr TWA). A nonsignificant increase in adduct levels with increasing EtO exposure indicates that further studies of EtO‐exposed workers are needed to clarify the relationship between EtO exposure and N7‐HEG adduct formation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manitoba oculotrichoanal (MOTA) syndrome: Report of eight new cases
Authors: Li Chumei , Marles Sandra L , Greenberg Cheryl R. , Chodirker Bernard N. , van de Kamp Jiddeke , Slavotinek Anne , Chudley Albert E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Manitoba Oculotrichoanal (MOTA) syndrome was initially described by Marles et al. [1992; Am J Med Genet 42: 793–799] in Aboriginal patients of the Island Lake region of Northern Manitoba. Characteristic findings in affected patients included unilateral upper eyelid coloboma or cryptophthalmus with ipsilateral aberrant anterior hairline pattern and anal anomalies. We describe here seven new patients of the same extended kindred of Cree/Ojibway ethnicity of the Island Lake region and an eighth patient of Caucasian Dutch parents with clinical findings consistent with the diagnosis of MOTA syndrome. Two of the patients have bilateral, instead of unilateral, abnormal anterior hairline patterns. Omphalocele, a feature previously not identified, is present in three of them. The most consistent features appear to be hypertelorism and a broad or notched tip of the nose. Due to the obvious clinical overlap with Fraser syndrome, FRAS1 gene was screened in two of the affected and no mutation was found [Slavotinek et al., submitted]. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastroschisis and associated defects: An international study
Authors: Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , Lisi Alessandra , Castilla Eduardo E. , Martínez‐Frías María‐Luisa , Bermejo Eva , Marengo Lisa , Kucik Jim , Siffel Csaba , Halliday Jane , Gatt Miriam , Annerèn Göran , Bianchi Fabrizio , Canessa M. Aurora , Danderfer Ron , de Walle Hermien , Harris John , Li Zhu , Lowry R. Brian , McDonell Robert , Merlob Paul , Metneki Julia , Mutchinick Osvaldo , Robert‐Gnansia Elisabeth , Scarano Gioacchino , Sipek Antonin , Pötzsch Simone , Szabova Elena , Yevtushok Lyubov 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOur objective was to evaluate the frequency and type of malformations associated with gastroschisis in a large pool of international data, to identify malformation patterns, and to evaluate the role of maternal age in non‐isolated cases. Case‐by‐case information from 24 registries, all members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR), were evaluated. After the exclusion of other abdominal wall defects cases were classified as: (a) isolated; (b) recognizable syndrome, chromosomal or not; (c) multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). Our results showed that out of 3,322 total cases 469 non‐isolated cases were registered (14.1%): 41 chromosomal syndromes, 24 other syndromes, and 404 MCA. Among MCA four groups of anomalies were most frequent: CNS (4.5%), cardio‐vascular (2.5%), limb (2.2%), and kidney anomalies (1.9%). No similar patterns emerged except two patterns resembling limb‐body wall complex and OEIS. In both of them the gastroschisis could be however misclassified. Chromosomal trisomies and possibly non‐syndromic MCA are associated with an older maternal age more than isolated cases. On consideration of our data and the most valid studies published in the literature, the best estimate of the proportion of gastroschisis associated with major unrelated defects is about 10%, with a few cases associated to recognizable syndromes. Recognized syndromes with gastroschisis seem to be so exceptional that the well documented and validated cases are worth being published as interesting case report. An appropriate case definition in etiological studies should include only isolated gastroschisis after an appropriate definition of isolated and non‐isolated cases and a thorough case‐by‐case review. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recurrent SOX9 deletion campomelic dysplasia due to somatic mosaicism in the father
Authors: Smyk M. , Obersztyn E. , Nowakowska B. , Bocian E. , Cheung S.W. , Mazurczak T. , Stankiewicz P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHaploinsufficiency of SOX9, a master gene in chondrogenesis and testis development, leads to the semi‐lethal skeletal malformation syndrome campomelic dysplasia (CD), with or without XY sex reversal. We report on two children with CD and a phenotypically normal father, a carrier of a somatic mosaic SOX9 deletion. This is the first report of a mosaic deletion of SOX9; few familial CD cases with germline and somatic mutation mosaicism have been described. Our findings confirm the utility of aCGH and indicate that for a more accurate estimate of the recurrence risk for a completely penetrant autosomal dominant disorder, parental somatic mosaicism should be considered in healthy parents. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late onset Leigh syndrome and ataxia due to a T to C mutation at bp 9,185 of mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Castagna Avril E. , Addis Jane , McInnes Roderick R. , Clarke Joe T.R. , Ashby Peter , Blaser Susan , Robinson Brian H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA T‐to‐C missense mutation at nucleotide position 9,185 in the protein‐coding ATP6 gene of the mitochondrial genome was present at high heteroplasmy in members of a Canadian family with Leigh syndrome with predominant ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. This mutation results in the substitution of a proline residue for an evolutionary‐conserved leucine at position of amino acid 220 near the carboxyl terminus of the mitochondrial protein. The index patient and brother, who had an identical clinical presentation, had >90% mutant mtDNA in cultured skin fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and whole blood. Their mother and a maternal uncle, symptomatic with a peripheral neuropathy alone, had 86% and 85% heteroplasmy, respectively. Symptomatic maternal cousins with early onset revealed 90% and 91% mutant mtDNA in all tissues analyzed. Studies of lymphoblasts from the asymptomatic maternal grandmother and eldest brother of the proband were heteroplasmic for mutant mtDNA with 56% and 17%, respectively. Biochemical analysis demonstrated normal respiratory chain enzyme activity in muscle and fibroblasts, normal ATP synthesis, but reduced oligomycin‐sensitive H+ATPase in cultured lymphoblast mitochondria. We propose that the 9,185T > C mtDNA mutation is pathogenic even though the initial phenotype is mild and the biochemical phenotype not easily detectable. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening and biochemical analysis of GATA4 sequence variations identified in patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Schluterman Marie K. , Krysiak Amanda E. , Kathiriya Irfan S. , Abate Nicola , Chandalia Manisha , Deepak Srivastava , Garg Vidu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFew known monogenic causes of non‐syndromic congenital heart disease (CHD) have been identified. Mutations in NKX2.5 were initially implicated in familial cases of cardiac septal defects and subsequently, functionally significant NKX2.5 mutations were found in diverse forms of non‐syndromic CHD. Similarly, mutations in GATA4, which encodes a cardiac transcription factor, were first identified in familial cases of cardiac septal defects. We hypothesize that individuals with non‐syndromic CHD may harbor GATA4 mutations and that these mutations alter the biochemical properties of the protein. The coding region encompassing the six exons of GATA4 was screened in a study population of 157 patients with CHD. We identified several sequence variations in GATA4. We tested these novel sequence variations that altered evolutionarily conserved amino acids and other previously reported GATA4 mutations in various biochemical assays. The novel sequence variations had no biochemical deficits while a previously reported, but unstudied, missense mutation in GATA4 (S52F) functioned as a hypomorph in transactivation assays. We did not identify any novel GATA4 mutations in our patient population with non‐syndromic CHD. Consistent with previous findings, GATA4 mutations that result in deficits in transactivation ability are consistently associated with CHD suggesting that normal transactivation properties of GATA4 are required for proper cardiac development. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meta‐analysis of COMT val158met in panic disorder: Ethnic heterogeneity and gender specificity
Authors: Domschke Katharina , Deckert Juergen , O'Donovan Michael C. , Glatt Stephen J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere is strong evidence for a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of panic disorder, with the functional catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) val158met polymorphism having been suggested as a potential susceptibility factor. In the present study, a meta‐analysis of six available case‐control studies (557 patients with panic disorder and 763 healthy controls in total) on the role of the COMT val158met polymorphism in panic disorder was conducted in an attempt to reconcile previous conflicting results and to facilitate evaluation of the role of COMT gene variation in panic disorder. Overall, no significant association, but strong between‐study heterogeneity, was discerned. Analysis of studies pooled by ancestry yielded a significant association of the COMT 158val allele with panic disorder in Caucasian samples and, conversely, a trend towards association of the COMT 158met allele with the disorder in Asian samples. Interestingly, stratification for gender as well as ethnicity revealed that association of the 158val allele in Caucasians and, reciprocally, the 158met allele in Asian samples was restricted to females. The present meta‐analysis provides tentative support for the COMT val158met polymorphism as a possible risk factor for panic disorder, with differential effects in Caucasian and Asian populations, and suggests a female‐specific effect. However, given the relatively small number of case‐control studies presently available, several more association studies, preferably including a larger number of family‐based studies, are warranted for conclusive evaluation of the COMT val158met polymorphism as a vulnerability factor in panic disorder. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increase in GSK3β gene copy number variation in bipolar disorder
Authors: Lachman Herbert M. , Pedrosa Erika , Petruolo Oriana A. , Cockerham Melissa , Papolos Alexander , Novak Tomas , Papolos Demitri F. , Stopkova Pavla 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe analysis of submicroscopic copy number variations (CNVs), also known as copy number polymorphisms (CNPs), is emerging as a new tool for understanding the genetic basis of cancer, developmental disorders, and complex traits. One area where this may be particularly useful is in the identification of genetic variants underlying schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Linkage analysis and pharmacological studies carried out over the past decade have implicated a number of positional and physiological candidate genes. Yet, despite extensive analysis, the underlying allelic variants responsible for disease susceptibility have remained, largely, elusive. Although the borders of most CNV have not been precisely mapped, it appears that a considerable number of SZ and BD candidate genes have their coding elements disrupted by polymorphic CNVs, suggesting that these would be good variants to consider for underlying disease susceptibility. One such gene is GSK3β, which codes for glycogen synthase kinase, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway and a target of lithium salts. A CNV in the GSK3β locus at chromosome 3q13.3 appears to disrupt the gene's 3′‐coding elements. The CNV also affects two other annotated genes. We now report that patients with BD have an increased frequency of this CNV—primarily the duplication variant—compared with controls (P = 0.002). The finding suggests that GSK3β may be involved in BD susceptibility in some individuals and that CNVs in this and other candidate genes for psychiatric disorders should be analyzed as causative functional genetic variants. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride)‐graft‐acrylic acid membrane by electron beam
Authors: Liu Fu , Zhu Bao‐Ku , Xu You‐Yi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was irradiated by electron beam in vacuum at 20 KGy to produce living free radicals, and then reacted with acrylic acid (AA) in solution to obtain the PVC‐g‐AA copolymers. The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Porous membranes were prepared from copolymers by the phase inversion technique. The morphology of PVC‐g‐AA membranes was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The mean pore size and pore size distribution were determined by a mercury porosimeter. The mean pore size was 0.19 μm, and the bulk porosity was 56.02%. The apparent static water contact angle was 89.0°. The water drop penetration rate was 2.35 times to the original membrane. The maximum stress was 4.10 MPa. Filtration experiments were carried out to evaluate the fouling resistance of the PVC‐g‐AA membrane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Smart polymer recycling: Synthesis of novel rigid polyurethanes using phosphorus‐containing oligomers formed by controlled degradation of microporous polyurethane elastomer
Authors: Grancharov Georgi , Mitova Violeta , Shenkov Stoitcho , Topliyska Antonya , Gitsov Ivan , Troev Kolio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article describes a new approach for the recycling of microporous polyurethane elastomers by Tris(1‐methyl‐2‐chloroethyl) phosphate‐induced degradation. The phosphorus‐containing degradation products formed are transformed into reactive intermediates by reaction with propylene oxide and are used for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams. These new phosphorus‐containing materials have higher density and better mechanical properties compared to the standard rigid polyurethane foams. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Preparation of styrene‐maleic acid copolymers and its application in encapsulated pigment red 122 dispersion
Authors: Shao‐Hai Fu , Kuan‐Jun Fang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractStyrene‐maleic acid copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization. Encapsulated pigment red 122 dispersions were prepared by sedimentation with these copolymers. Effects of copolymer structure such as molar content of maleic acid, molecular weight, and the amount of copolymers on stability and particle size of dispersion were investigated. The results showed that encapsulated pigment dispersion with higher stability, smaller particle size, and narrower particle distribution could be achieved when the molar content of maleic acid was at 0.43 and the intrinsic viscosity was at 79.65 ml/g with amount of copolymers 10%. The encapsulated layer was about 5 nm which could be observed by TEM. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Enhancing the mechanical properties of styrene–butadiene rubber by optimizing the chemical bonding between silanized silica nanofiller and the rubber
Authors: Ansarifar A. , Wang L. , Ellis R. J. , Kirtley S. P. , Riyazuddin N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe reinforcing effect of a large amount of synthetic precipitated amorphous white silica nanofiller on the mechanical properties of styrene–butadiene rubber was studied. The silica surfaces were pretreated with bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT). TESPT is a bifunctional organosilane that chemically adheres silica to rubber and also prevents silica from interfering with the reaction mechanism of sulfur cure in the rubber. The silica particles were fully dispersed in the rubber and the chemical bonding between the rubber and filler was optimized by the incorporation of accelerator and activator in the rubber. This study showed that the mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizate improved substantially when the filler was added. The addition of elemental sulfur affected the rubber properties, although there was no overall advantage, as some properties improved and others deteriorated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics treated by blends of cellulose nanocrystals and polyethylene glycol
Authors: Li Wei Dong , Ding En Yong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, the coating based on the blends of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cellulose nano‐crystals (CNC) was introduced to immobilize on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics to modify the surface properties of fabrics, and to fabricate comfortable fabrics for formidable climate. Field‐emission scanning electron microscope, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to study the topography, superficial ingredients, and thermal activity of the finished fabrics. The observation of field‐emission scanning electron microscope and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the surface of PET fabrics was covered by CNC/PEG1000/PEG600 coating. The transition onset temperature and phase change enthalpy of PET fabrics treated with CNC/PEG1000/PEG600 were at 7.06°C and 11.41 kJ/kg, respectively. Dimensional memory measurement demonstrated that the introduction of CNC caused the deformation percent to decrease by about 41% for PET fabrics covered with CNC/PEG1000/PEG600 coating. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Putting anthropology on the couch: measuring unconscious conformity in the classroom
Authors: Buse William 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn exercise is presented that enables the instructor of introductory anthropology courses to utilize the typical American student's cultural orientation toward individualism and psychology. Drawing on methods ordinarily associated with psychoanalysis, the author proposes a technique designed to facilitate a confrontation between students' conscious ideologically‐driven beliefs and their unconscious social experience in the classroom. The goals are to develop an appreciation for the students' resistance to the latent social dynamics in the classroom; to introduce the students' unconscious as a resource in their education; and to suggest the use of techniques that tap the unconscious for pedagogical purposes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the LIS research front: Time‐sliced cocitation analyses of LIS journal articles, 1990–2004
Authors: Åström Fredrik 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBased on articles published in 1990–2004 in 21 library and information science (LIS) journals, a set of cocitation analyses was performed to study changes in research fronts over the last 15 years, where LIS is at now, and to discuss where it is heading. To study research fronts, here defined as current and influential cocited articles, a citations among documents methodology was applied; and to study changes, the analyses were time‐sliced into three 5‐year periods. The results show a stable structure of two distinct research fields: informetrics and information seeking and retrieval (ISR). However, experimental retrieval research and user oriented research have merged into one ISR field; and IR and informetrics also show signs of coming closer together, sharing research interests and methodologies, making informetrics research more visible in mainstream LIS research. Furthermore, the focus on the Internet, both in ISR research and in informetrics—where webometrics quickly has become a dominating research area—is an important change. The future is discussed in terms of LIS dependency on technology, how integration of research areas as well as technical systems can be expected to continue to characterize LIS research, and how webometrics will continue to develop and find applications.