bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reproducibility of the food-frequency questionnaire used in the Shanghai Men's Health Study
Authors: Villegas Raquel , Yang Gong , Liu DaKe , Xiang Yong-Bing , Cai Hui , Zheng Wei , Ou Shu Xiao 
Published: March 2007

We evaluated the validity and reproducibility of the FFQ used in the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS). The study included 195 randomly selected participants of the SMHS who completed one FFQ at baseline, twelve 24-hour dietary recalls (24-HDR) (once a month for twelve consecutive months) and a second FFQ at the end of the study. The FFQ accounted for 88·78 % of the foods recorded in the 24-HDR surveys. The validity of the FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient and food group intake levels from the second FFQ and the multiple 24-HDR. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0·38 to 0·64 for macronutrients, 0·33 to 0·58 for micronutrients and 0·35 to 0·72 for food groups. Misclassification to opposite quartiles for nutrients and food groups was rare, ranging from 1·5 to 7·7 %, while exact agreement rates were between 31·8 and 53·3 %. The reliability of the FFQ was assessed by comparing the intake levels from the two FFQ. Correlation coefficients were 0·39 to 0·53 for macronutrients, 0·38 to 0·52 for micronutrients and 0·39 to 0·64 for food groups. Exact agreement rates for quartile distribution were between 31·8 and 49·2 %, while misclassification to opposite quartiles was between 1·5 and 6·2 %. These data indicate that the SMHS FFQ can reasonably categorise usual intake of nutrients and food groups among men living in urban Shanghai.
Feeding of a deep-fried fat causes PPARα activation in the liver of pigs as a non-proliferating species
Authors: Luci Sebastian , König Bettina , Giemsa Beatrice , Huber Stefanie , Hause Gerd , Kluge Holger , Stangl Gabriele I. , Eder Klaus 
Published: March 2007

Recent studies have shown that dietary oxidised fats influence the lipid metabolism in rats by activation of PPARα. In this study, we investigated whether a mildly oxidised fat causes activation of PPARα in pigs which are non-proliferators like man. Eighteen pigs were assigned to two groups and received either a diet containing 90 g/kg of a fresh fat or the same diet with 90 g/kg of an oxidised fat prepared by heating for 24 h at 180°C in a deep fryer. Pigs fed the oxidised fat had a higher peroxisome count, a higher activity of catalase and a higher mRNA concentration of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase in the liver and a higher concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma than pigs fed the fresh fat (P < 0·05). Hepatic mRNA concentrations of acyl-CoA oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 tended to be increased in pigs fed the oxidised fat compared to pigs fed the fresh fat (P < 0·10). Pigs fed the oxidised fat, moreover, had higher mRNA concentrations of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 and its target genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase in the liver and higher mRNA concentrations of SREBP-2 and its target genes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA reductase and LDL receptor in liver and small intestine. In conclusion, this study shows that even a mildly oxidised fat causes activation of PPARα in the liver of pigs. Up-regulation of SREBP and its target genes in liver and small intestine suggests that the oxidised fat could stimulate synthesis of cholesterol and TAG in these tissues.
Low plasma concentrations of arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Richir Milan C. , Siroen Michiel P. C. , van Elburg Ruurd M. , Fetter Willem P. F. , Quik Freeke , Nijveldt Robert J. , Heij Hugo A. , Smit Bert J. , Teerlink Tom , van Leeuwen Paul A. M. 
Published: March 2007

Several studies have described reduced plasma concentrations of arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). No information on the plasma concentrations of the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in patients with NEC is currently available. We investigated whether plasma concentrations of arginine, ADMA, and their ratio differ between premature infants with and without NEC, and between survivors and non-survivors within the NEC group. In a prospective case–control study, arginine and ADMA concentrations were measured in ten premature infants with NEC (median gestational age 193 d, birth weight 968 g), and ten matched control infants (median gestational age 201 d, birth weight 1102 g), who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. In the premature infants with NEC, median arginine and ADMA concentrations (μmol/l), and the arginine:ADMA ratio were lower compared to the infants without NEC: 21·4v. 55·9,P = 0·001; 0·59v.0·85,P = 0·009 and 36·6v.72·3,P = 0·023 respectively. In the NEC group, median arginine (μmol/l) and the arginine:ADMA ratio were lower in non-surviving infants than in surviving infants: 14·7v.33·8,P = 0·01 and 32·0v.47·5,P = 0·038 respectively. In premature infants with NEC not only the NOS substrate arginine, but also the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA and the arginine:ADMA ratio were lower than in infants without NEC. In addition, low arginine and arginine:ADMA were associated with mortality in infants with NEC. Overall, these data suggest that a diminished nitric oxide production may be involved in the pathophysiology of NEC, but this needs further investigation.
Association ofn-3 andn-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipid classes with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Figler Mária , Gasztonyi Beata , Cseh Judit , Horváth Gábor , Kisbenedek Andrea G. , Bokor Szilvia , Decsi Tamás 
Published: March 2007

In order to establish the biochemical basis for dietary interventions, we investigated the fatty acid composition of plasma lipid classes in patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease. In this cross-sectional study thirty patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), twenty-one with Crohn disease (CD) and twenty-four controls were investigated (mean age: UC, 40·8 (sd12·1); CD, 37·6 (sd11·0); control, 31·5 (sd8·4) years). Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids was determined by high-resolution capillary GLC. In plasma phospholipids, significantly higher values of eicosapentaenoic (20 : 5n-3), docosapentaenoic (22 : 5n-3) and γ-linolenic (18 : 3n-6) acids were found in control patients and patients with UC as compared to patients with CD [median % (weight by weight), controlv.UCv.CD : 20 : 5n-3, 0·09 (interquartile range (IQR) 0·05)v.0·14 (IQR 0·10)v.0·16 (IQR 0·10),P < 0·05; 22 : 5n-3, 0·14 (IQR 0·10)v.0·27 (IQR 0·16)v.0·31 (IQR 0·10),P < 0·001; 18 : 3n-6, 0·02 (IQR 0·02)v.0·03 (IQR 0·02)v.0·05 (IQR 0·03),P < 0·05]. When compared to the control, values of the principaln-3 andn-6 long-chain PUFA, arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) were significantly higher in patients with UC but not in patients with CD [median % (w/w), UCv.control: 20 : 4n-6, 8·43 (IQR 3·23)v.6·92 (IQR 2·96),P < 0·05; 22 : 6n-3, 1·22 (IQR 0·56)v.0·73 (IQR 0·39),P < 0·05]. As seen there are considerable differences between the long-chain PUFA status of patients suffering from UC or CD. The data obtained in the present study do not support the concept of eicosapentaenoic acid or DHA deficiency in patients with either UC or CD.
Effect of age on speech recognition in noise and on contralateral transient evoked otoacoustic emission suppression
Authors: Yılmaz S T , Sennaroğlu G , Sennaroğlu L , Köse S K 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntroduction:We aimed to study the influence of age, in normal hearing individuals, on: the masking level difference test, the speech recognition in noise test, the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions test, and the contralateral transient evoked otoacoustic emission suppression test. We also aimed to research the effect of age when using these tests to evaluate the central auditory nervous system.Methods:Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and contralateral transient evoked otoacoustic emission suppression were measured in all subjects. Subjects also underwent masking level difference and speech recognition in noise tests.Results:We found a decrease in transient evoked otoacoustic emission amplitudes, speech recognition in noise scores and hearing thresholds with age. We also found that higher masking level difference values were associated with lower speech recognition in noise scores and contralateral transient evoked otoacoustic emission suppression values.Conclusion:We conclude that decreasing speech recognition in noise scores are associated with decreasing contralateral transient evoked otoacoustic emission supression values. This effect may be related to medial efferent system dysfunction.
Comparison of blood folate levels among pregnant Chinese women in areas with high and low prevalence of neural tube defects
Authors: Ren Aiguo , Zhang Le , Hao Ling , Li Zhiwen , Tian Yihua , Li Zhu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise plasma and red-blood-cell (RBC) folate status among pregnant women in an area with an extremely high prevalence of neural tube defects, and to compare them with those of women from a low prevalence area.DesignA cross-sectional survey conducted in 2003.SettingOne county and one city from each of the high prevalence area and the low prevalence area in China.SubjectsFive hundred and sixty-two women in their first trimester of pregnancy in the high prevalence area and 695 pregnant women in the low prevalence area.ResultsWomen in the high prevalence area had less than half the plasma and RBC folate concentrations (12.2 and 440.0 nmol l− 1, respectively) of women in the low prevalence area (33.5 and 910.4 nmol l− 1, respectively). In the high prevalence area, 40% of rural women were deficient in RBC folate and 50% were deficient in plasma folate; 20% of urban women were deficient in RBC folate and 30% deficient in plasma folate. In contrast, only 4% (RBC folate) and 6% (plasma folate) of rural women, and 2% (RBC folate) and 1% (plasma folate) of urban women, were folate-deficient in the low prevalence area. Less than 10% of rural and about 26% of urban women in the high prevalence area took folic acid periconceptionally, compared with 70% and 60% of women in the low prevalence area.ConclusionsBlood folate deficiency is highly prevalent among pregnant women in an area of China with a very high prevalence of neural tube defects.
Do children's food preferences align with dietary recommendations?
Authors: Russell CG , Worsley A 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo examine how Australian children's reported everyday food preferences reflect dietary recommendations, and the impact of sociodemographic factors on these associations.DesignCross-sectional survey.Setting/subjectsThree hundred and seventy-one parents of children aged 2–5 years, recruited from three socio-economic groups in two Australian cities, completed a survey on their child's liking for 176 foods and drinks on a 5-point Likert scale in addition to demographic descriptors. Preferences were compared with the recommendations of theDietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in Australiaand theAustralian Guide to Healthy Eating.ResultsFoods in the Extra Foods (non-nutritious foods) and Cereals groups of theAustralian Guide to Healthy Eatingwere highly liked (mean: 4.02 and 4.01, respectively), whilst foods in the Vegetables group were liked least (mean: 3.01). A large percentage of foods in the Cereals and Extra Foods groups were liked (64% and 56%, respectively) in contrast to the other food groups, especially Vegetables (7%). Children liked foods that were higher in sugar (r = 0.29,P < 0.0001) and more energy-dense (r = 0.34,P < 0.0001) but not those higher in saturated fat (r = 0.16,P = 0.03), total fat (r = 0.12,P = 0.12) or sodium (r = 0.10,P = 0.18). Sociodemographic variables (e.g. socio-economic status, parental education, children's age and sex) explained little of the variation in children's food preferences.ConclusionsAustralian pre-school children's food preferences align with dietary guidelines in some respects, but not others. Interventions are needed to shift children's preferences away from non-nutritious foods that are high in energy density and sugar, and towards vegetables and fruits.
Mechanisms involved in the regulation of mRNA for M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and endothelial and neuronal NO synthases in rat atria
Authors: Ganzinelli S , Joensen L , Borda E , Bernabeo G , Sterin‐Borda L 
Published: March 2007

Background and purpose:Agonists of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) increase mRNA for this receptor and mRNA for endothelial and neuronal isoforms of NO synthase (eNOS or nNOS). Here we examine the different signalling pathways involved in such events in rat cardiac atria.Experimental approach:In isolated atria, the effects of carbachol on mRNA for M2 receptors, eNOS and nNOS were measured along with changes in phosphoinositide (PI) turnover, translocation of protein kinase C (PKC), NOS activity and atrial contractility.Key Results:Carbachol increased mRNA for M2 receptors, activation of PI turnover, translocation of PKC and NOS activity and decreased atrial contractility. Inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC), calcium/calmodulin (CaM), NOS and PKC prevented the carbachol‐dependent increase in mRNA for M2 receptors. These inhibitors also attenuated the carbachol induced increase in nNOS‐ and eNOS‐mRNA levels. Inhibition of nNOS shifted the dose response curve of carbachol on contractility to the right, whereas inhibition of eNOS shifted it to the left.Conclusions and implications:From our results, activation of M2 receptors induced nNOS and eNOS expression and activation of NOS up‐regulated M2 receptor gene expression. The signalling pathways involved included stimulation of PI turnover via PLC activation, CaM and PKC. nNOS and eNOS mediated opposing effects on the negative inotropic effect in atria, induced by stimulation of M2 receptors. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the effects and side effects of cholinomimetic treatment in patients with cardiac neuromyopathy.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 175–185. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707180
Modulation of vascular function by perivascular adipose tissue: the role of endothelium and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Gao Y‐J , Lu C , Su L‐Y , Sharma A M , Lee R M K W 
Published: March 2007

Background and purpose:Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) attenuates vascular contraction, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. The possible involvement of endothelium (E) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated.Experimental approach:Aortic rings from Wistar rats were prepared with both PVAT and E intact (PVAT+E+), with either PVAT or E removed (PVAT‐E+, or PVAT+E‐), or with both removed (PVAT‐E‐) for functional studies. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured.Key results:Contraction to phenylephrine and 5‐HT respectively was highest in PVAT‐E‐, lowest in PVAT+E+, and intermediate in PVAT+E‐ or PVAT‐E+. In bioassay experiments, transferring bathing solution incubated with a PVAT+ ring (donor) to a PVAT‐ ring (recipient) induced relaxation in the recipient. This relaxation was abolished by E removal, NO synthase inhibition, scavenging of NO, high extracellular K+, or blockade of calcium‐dependent K+ channels (KCa). The solution stimulated NO production in isolated endothelial cells and in PVAT‐E+ rings. In E‐ rings, the contraction to phenylephrine of PVAT+ rings but not PVAT‐ rings was enhanced by catalase or soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, but reduced by superoxide dismutase and tiron. In PVAT‐E‐ rings, H2O2 attenuated phenylephrine‐induced contraction. This effect was counteracted by sGC inhibition. NO donor and H2O2 exhibited additive inhibition of the contraction to phenylephrine in PVAT‐E‐ rings.Conclusion:PVAT exerts its anti‐contractile effects through two distinct mechanisms: (1) by releasing a transferable relaxing factor which induces endothelium‐dependent relaxation through NO release and subsequent KCa channel activation, and (2) by an endothelium‐independent mechanism involving H2O2 and subsequent activation of sGC.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 323–331; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707228
Rosuvastatin restores superoxide dismutase expression and inhibits accumulation of oxidized LDL in the aortic arch of obese dyslipidemic mice
Authors: Verreth W , De Keyzer D , Davey P C , Geeraert B , Mertens A , Herregods M‐C , Smith G , Desjardins F , Balligand J‐L , Holvoet P 
Published: March 2007

Background and purpose:Our goal was to elucidate mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of rosuvastatin on the accumulation of plaque oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and on plaque volume, without lowering cholesterol, in mice with combined leptin and LDL‐receptor deficiency (DKO).Experimental approach:Twelve‐week old DKO mice were treated with rosuvastatin (10 mg kg−1 day−1, s.c.) or placebo or no treatment for 12 weeks. The effect on blood variables, aortic plaque volume and composition and gene expression in the aorta and in THP‐1 cells was assessed.Key results:Rosuvastatin lowered free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides, and increased insulin sensitivity, without affecting cholesterol. Rosuvastatin lowered the plaque volume, inhibited macrophage, lipid and oxLDL accumulation, and decreased the oxLDL‐to‐LDL ratio of plaques in the aortic arch. It increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), CD36, LXR‐α, ABCA‐1 and PPAR‐γ RNA expression in aortic extracts. SOD1 was the strongest inverse correlate of oxLDL. In THP‐1 macrophages and foam cells, expression of SOD1 was lower than in THP‐1 monocytes. Rosuvastatin restored expression of SOD1 in THP‐1 macrophages and foam cells.Conclusions and Implications:Rosuvastatin restored SOD1 expression in THP‐1 macrophages and foam cells in vitro and in the aorta of DKO mice. The latter was associated with less oxLDL accumulation within atherosclerotic plaques and inhibition of plaque progression. This effect was obtained at a dose not affecting cholesterol levels but improving insulin sensitivity. SOD1 is a potentially important mediator of the prevention of oxLDL accumulation within atherosclerotic plaques.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 347–355; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707231
Practical Environmental Analysis
Authors: Radojevic Miroslav , Bashkin Vladimir N 
Published: March 2007

How can I analyse my sample of rainwater? "This soil sample is thought to contain heavy metals - how can I test it?" Many students and technicians the world over need to find the answers to questions such as these. This unique book provides detailed instructions for practical experiments in environmental analysis. The comprehensive coverage includes the chemical analysis of important pollutants in air, water, soil and plant tissue, and the experiments generally require only basic laboratory equipment. Practical Environmental Analysis is supplemented by theoretical material explaining, amongst other concepts, the principles behind each method and the importance of various pollutants. Also included are suggestions for projects and example calculations. The subject and content of this timely book will guarantee a warm welcome from students, technicians and lecturers alike.
Spectrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption and Emission
Authors: Lajunen L H J , Peramaki Paavo 
Published: March 2007

Atomic spectrometric techniques and ICP-MS are frequently used in trace element analysis in many laboratories. For those using them, or utilizing the analysis results obtained, it is essential to understand about the instrumental methods involved.
Spectrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption and Emission provides this knowledge, by describing both the theory of atomic spectroscopy and all the major atomic spectrometric techniques (AAS, Flame-AES, Plasma AES, AFS, and ICP-MS), including basic concepts, instrumentation and applications.
Chapters also cover: Sample preparation methods; Instrument components; Hyphenated analysis techniques.
Revised and fully updated, the book continues to be highly practical and wide in scope and contains illustrations which aid understanding. Spectrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption and Emission is ideal for students and their lecturers, but will also be useful for practitioners who already use the techniques but would like to know more about the insides of the 'black box'.
The Chemistry of Fireworks
Authors: Russell Michael S 
Published: March 2007

For centuries fireworks have been a source of delight and amazement in cultures around the world. But what produces their dazzling array of effects? This book takes you behind the scenes to explore the chemistry and physics behind the art of pyrotechnics. Topics covered include history and characteristics of gunpowder; principles behind each of the most popular firework types: rockets, shells, fountains, sparklers, bangers, roman candles and wheels; special effects, including sound effects, coloured smokes and electrical firing; firework safety for private use and displays; and firework legislation. The Chemistry of Fireworks is aimed at students with A level qualifications or equivalent. The style is concise and easy to understand, and the theory of fireworks is discussed in terms of well-known scientific concepts wherever possible. It will also be a useful source of reference for anyone studying pyrotechnics as applied to fireworks. Review Extracts "a worthwhile addition to the pyrotechnist's library" Fireworks "a useful source of information which makes absorbing reading." Angewandte Chemie, International Edition
The Chemistry of Polymers
Authors: Nicholson John W 
Published: March 2007

This updated new edition of the well established and highly readable introductory text book on polymer science is ideal for those requiring a broad overview of the subject. Following on from the success of the earlier editions, The Chemistry of Polymers, fourth edition, continues to explore the subject from an applications point of view, providing a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of polymer science including synthesis, structure, properties, degradation and dendrimers. Recent advances in special topics in polymer chemistry and polymers and the environment are also discussed in an informative and up-to-date manner.
Highlights include new sections on RAFT polymerization, polymers in drug delivery and polymer LEDs and updated sections on green polymerization, polymers for solar cells and polymers from renewable sources showcasing the recent developments and applications in this exciting area.
The Chemistry of Polymers, fourth edition, is essential reading for university students, teachers and scientists who wish to acquire an up-to-the-minute overview of polymer science and its many specialised topics in an informative and easy to read style.
Valid Analytical Methods and Procedures
Authors: Burgess Chris 
Published: March 2007

The Analytical Methods Committee of the Royal Society of Chemistry has for many years been involved in national and international efforts to establish a comprehensive framework for achieving appropriate quality in chemical measurement.
This handbook attempts to select or define robust procedures that ensure the best use of resources and enable laboratories to generate consistent, reliable data. Written in concise, easy-to-read language and illustrated with worked examples, it is a guide to current best practice and establishes a control framework for the development and validation of laboratory-based analytical methods. Topics include samples and sampling, method selection, equipment calibration and qualification, method development and validation, evaluation of data and statistical approaches for method performance and comparison.
Valid Analytical Methods and Procedures will be welcomed by many organisations throughout the world who are required to prove that the validity of their analytical results can be established beyond reasonable doubt.