bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Population Levels of Soybean on Physiological Growth Parameters of Sorghum CO 24 in Sole and Intercropped Stand
Authors: Gopikrishna P. , Shanmuga‐Sundaram V. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field experiment was conducted during kharif, 1985 and summer, 1986 in sandy clay loam soil under irrigated condition at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbature, with a view (i) to assess the suitable method of planting of sorghum CO 24 when intercropped with soybean, (ii) to evaluate the suitable planting ratio of sorghum ‐ soybean intercropping system, (iii) to find out the compatible population level of soybean when intercropped with sorghum CO 24.Direct sown sorghum at 4: 2 and 2: 2 recorded grater leaf area (LA) compared to transplanted sorghum in both kharif and summer. Sorghum transplanted with 14 days old seedlings recorded higher Crop Growth Rate (CGR) compared to 21 days old seedlings. Increased Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) were recorded in sorghum transplanted with 14 days old seedlings as compared to direct sown and 21 days old transplanted crop. Transplanted sorghum recorded higher Relative Growth Rate (RGR) as compared to direct sown sorghum. Summer sorghum recorded higher Relative Growth Rate (RGR) as compared to kharif season.
Cottonseed, Protein and Oil Yields, and Oil Properties as Affected by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization and Growth Regulators
Authors: Sawan Z. M. , El‐Farra A. A. , El‐Latif Sania Abd 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out at Giza Agric. Res. St., Agric. Res. Centre, Ministry of Agric, Egypt, during 1981 and 1982 seasons on cotton cultivar Giza 75 (Gossypium barbadense L.) to investigate the influence of nitrogen fertilization rates (72, 144 or 216 kg N/ha), phosphorus levels (36 or 72 kg P2O5/ha) and three growth regulators (IAA, IBA or NAA), each was applied to cotton plants at 10 ppm and sprayed three times (70, 85 and 100 days after sowing), on cotton seed, protein and oil yields and oil properties. A randomized complete block design, with four replications treatment combinations was used.The combined analysis of the results of the two seasons revealed that, cottonseed, oil and protein yields/ha increased by raising N‐ and P‐levels and under the application of growth regulators. Seed index increased by raising the added‐N and the applied growth regulants. No detectable effect of P‐levels was observed. The seed oil percentage decreased, while the protein percentage increased by raising N‐rate. Application of growth regulators and high P‐level increased the seed oil percentage, while the seed protein percentage was not affected. The seed oil properties, i.e. acidity, saponification and iodine values, tended to decrease slightly by increasing N‐rate and the application of growth substances, while a reverse trend was noticed by raising P‐level. The mean values of oil specific gravity and refractive index did not show any definite response.
Einfluß der Erosion auf die Standortproduktivität im Silomaisanbau
Authors: Goeck J. , Cordsen E. , Geisler G. , Blume H.‐P. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Influence of erosion on productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation Accelerated erosion was monitored in Eastern Schleswig‐Holstein (F.R.G.) during the last decades. The objective of this study was to compare agricultural productivity of upper, middle and base slope segments to the respective soil parameters, reflecting results of long‐term erosion.Five soil catenas were surveyed. Each catena was divided into three segments representing an eroded area (upper segment), an area with an equilibrium between erosion, accumulation and soil development (middle segment) and an area with accumulation (base slope segment).In 1986 soil qualities, growth characters and yield components of maize were analysed for each slope segment. At eroded slope segments vegetation cover and yield were significantly lower than at middle and base slope segments. Middle slope segments (equilibrium between erosion, accumulation and soil development) snowed balanced soil quality parameters and high maize yields with a desired combination of yield components.
Stickstoffausnutzungsvermögen von Lolium perenne und Lolium multiflorum‐Sorten
Authors: Bugge Gisela 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Selection for improved nitrogen‐utilization in Lolium In a 3‐year study the responses of 14 Lolium perenne‐varieties and 14 of Lolium multiflorum to different nitrogen fertilization (75, 150, 300 kg N/ha) were investigated. The varieties were classificated into four types of nitrogen utilization. “Low input varieties” can be found in type III. The varieties of this type produced always the highest yield at all levels of nitrogen fertilization. The yield of type I was always smaller than the average of all varieties. The varieties of type II gave significant better responses than the trial average up to 150 kg N/ha. Under low and high N‐fertilization the type III can be separate of type I and II because it is always the outstanding variety. The dry matter production of the roots did not show varieties differences under the increasing N‐fertilization. The soil nitrate contents were with 20 kg nitrate nitrogen per ha very small.
Förderung der Jugendentwicklung der Zuckerrübe durch Pflanzung und Anbau unter Folie
Authors: Bürcky K. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Effect of transplanting and plastic mulch on yield and quality of sugar beet Because of late sowing and the slow growth of seedlings, little of the solar radiation in May and June is used for photosynthesis by sugar beet. Therefore, an acceleration of growth early in the season should increase the yield. In the past, many attempts to accelerate early growth have been made.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects, on yield and quality, of mulching sugar‐beet seedlings with a photodegradable polyethylene film, and of transplanting. Six field trials were carried out at Göttingen (Lower Saxony) from 1981‐1986.Plastic cover increased the temperature of the surface soil by between 2 and 3 °C. This increased the yield of early‐sown beet. After late sowing we sometimes found that pests and fungal diseases were more active under the plastic mulch, causing yield reductions.Transplanted sugar beets produced between 1.4 and 4 t/ha more sugar than directly sown beets. Transplanting stabilized the yield, especially after late planting.It can be concluded that, at the price level in the Federal Republic of Germany, neither the use of plastic mulch nor transplanting is superior to conventional sowing for sugar beet. However, in Europe, there may be a few special circumstances where transplanting will be beneficial.
Soil Moisture Simulation under Cropped Condition Using a Moisture Dependent Root Sink Function
Authors: Malik R. K. , Murty V. V. N. , Narda N. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMoisture dependent root sink function developed by Feddes et al. (1976) which incorporates linearly varying moisture availability proposal between field capacity and wilting point was embedded in the continuity equation for transient moisture flow in conjunction with Darcy's law and moisture contents in a homogeneous soil profile under wheat cropped condition were simulated numerically using implicit finite difference scheme. Simulated moisture contents were observed to be reasonably in good agreement with the observed moisture contents as the variations between the simulated and observed values varied from 2.97 to 21.76 percent.
Field Criteria Used in Determining the Vigor of Seed Corn (Zea mays L.) as Influenced by Drying Injury
Authors: Adegbuyi E. , Burris J. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGeneral agreement does not exist regarding the influence of seed corn (Zea mays L.) vigor on subsequent crop performance. Studies were conducted to determine the characters through which seed corn vigor is expressed, how long the influence persists and the relationship among the characters identified. Seeds of two corn hybrids A632 X (H99 X H95) and B73 X (H99 X H95), dried at 35 °C and 50 °C were grown in the field in each of 2 years and in the growth chamber in Ames, Iowa. A complete range of growth parameters was measured in the laboratory and growth chamber and field. Of these parameters, emergence, emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter at 4 and 6 weeks and penultimate leaf length and width were characters found to be influenced by seed vigor. As the plants matured, the influence of seed vigor decreased. Positive and negative relationships were found to exist between some of the characters influenced by seed vigor. However, seed vigor had no influence on yield.
Variations in Endogenous Growth Hormones in Rice Under Two Light Intensities
Authors: Mohandass S. , Natarajaratnam N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAnalysis of endogenous growth regulator concentrations in different parts (viz., leaf, root and panicle) of shade tolerant (Ponni) and susceptible (Bhavani) rice cultivars a week after flowering indicated that the former was endowed with higher levels of auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid contents than the latter. The concentrations of auxin and cytokinin decreased while that of gibberellin and abscisic acid increased under low light conditions in both the varieties. Nevertheless, cytokinins and auxins were only marginally affected under subdued light in Ponni than in Bhavani indicating that better performance of rice cultivars under low light situations of monsoon season might be associated particularly with higher concentrations of auxin and abscisic acid.
An Analysis of Grain Development in Oryza sativa L. Cultivars
Authors: Vijayalakshmi C. , Chandra Babu R. , Sree Rangaswamy S. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field study was conducted to determine if differences in grain filling rate and duration existed in two early cultivars of rice. There is no cultivar difference in duration of grain filling and grain matured in about 30 days from anthesis in both the cultivars. The effective grain filling period in rice is only 10 days between 3rd and 13th day from anthesis. There is significant difference in grain filling rate and is positively related to grain weight. Grain filling rate is more important than duration of filling for achieving higher grain size and thus yield in rice.
Regulation of Leaf Senescence and Yield in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Seetha Rani M. , Chandra Babu R. , Natarajaratnam N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFoliar application of benzyladenine at preanthesis stage retarded leaf senescence in mungbean. Chemical spray increased leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein, specific leaf weight, net photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase activity. Number of pods, grain yield, harvest index and 100‐seed weight were significantly improved by benzyladenine treatment. The possibility of higher pod‐filling and thus, yield by chemical regulation of leaf senescence is evident in mungbean.
Assessing the Evaporation Zone in the Bare Soil from the Soil Water Flux and Soil Heat Flux Measurements
Authors: Khan A. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA simple approach was undertaken to estimating bare soil evaporation in a soil column in a laboratory. The measurement of soil heat flux and soil water flux at various depths provides a practical means of assessing and evaluating the position of the drying front (evaporation zone) in the soil.
14C‐labelled Assimilate Distribution in Flowering Maize Plants
Authors: Jasdanwala R. T. , Khan A. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) plants were grown in the field and labelled with 14CO2 at four leaf positions from silking up to maturity. The ear leaf was the most important source of labelled photosynthates to the ear, followed by the first leaf blade above and below the ear. The movement of labelled assimilates from the second leaf blade below the ear was predominantly downwards. The ear became an important sink soon after silking and continued in importance till harvest.Initially assimilates were partitioned within the ear as husk < cob < grains but at harvest as grains < cob < husk. There was considerable remobilization of assimilates from the husk and stem. Removal of leaves drastically altered the pattern of distribution of labelled photosynthates and the direction of movement was determined by the position of the source leaf blade and the defoliation treatment. Darkening the leaf blades did not much alter the translocation of the labelled photosynthate and increased slightly its proportion to the grains. The removal of the ear severely altered the pattern of distribution of 14C, which was mostly deposited in the stem.
Untersuchungen zu Eigenschaften von Winterroggensorten und Triticale in einem Betrieb mit geringer Betriebsmittelzufuhr von außen
Authors: Kölsch E. , H. Stöppler  , Vogtmann H. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Investigations into Characteristics of Winter Rye Varieties and Triticale in a Low External Input System Low external input systems, e.g. ecological agriculture, are able to solve problems concerning overproduction, diminishing resources, and environmental pollution. The suitability of varieties in ecological agriculture, and the transferability of results of investigations in conventional systems are almost unknown. Field trials with 9 genotypes of winterrye and 1 triticale were conducted from 1984 to 1986 at Neu‐Eichenberg. The results can be summarized as follows:1. The use of modern varieties, and their ability to establish a high plant density was most important to achieve high grain yields.2. Highest yielding modern cultivars had a very good baking quality.3. The findings corresponded well with conventionally obtained results.
Evaluation of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Techniques on Emergence and Growth of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Seedlings
Authors: Marambe B. , Sangakkara R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of two nitrogen fertilizers applied at preplanting, three weeks after sowing (0.5 %), 6 weeks after sowing (1 %) and as a split application were tested on the emergence and growth of tobacco seedlings. Seedling emergence showed no response to fertilizer applications. The seedling growth was superior when ammonium sulphate was applied at preplanting, when compared to urea. The better growth of tobacco seedlings with a basal application of ammonium sulphate is attributed to the lower concentration of nitrogen which is at a non‐toxic level, and the presence of sulphur in this fertilizer.
Sortenbedingte Reaktion bei Lolium perenne L. auf systemisch selektiv wirkende Herbizide
Authors: Opitz von Boberfeld W. , Grohmann H. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Variety‐specific reaction of Lolium perenne L. on selective systemic herbicides The investigation intended to show the specific reaction of different varieties of Lolium perenne on selective systemic herbicides. These results can be regarded as the base for advanced explorations to the described topic. The results may be summarized as follows:Independent of the stage of growth, the date of application, the dosage and the droplet size there were effects on the forage yield in correlation to the variety and the active ingredient. Measurable yield reductions were presented after CMPP application on the varieties of the late and after the treatment with Asulam on the varieties of the early maturity group. Compared to the maturity group the varietal attribute growthhabit demonstrated no significant effects. The active ingredients MCPB and MCPA presented not any measurable influence on the forage yield of the different varieties. In the main harvest year the yield depressions were manifested clearer than in the seeding year. In the same way the described secondary actions were larger after the treatment in an advanced stage.Extended investigations should inquire to the causes and secondary effects on the forage quality. Beyond this for variety testings of species with a large distribution and volume it seems remunerative to include questions of herbicides tolerance.
Estimation of Heat Tolerance Improvement in Recent American Pima Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Kittock D. L. , Turcotte E. L. , Hofmann W. C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractImproving cotton (Gossypium spp.) heat tolerance (ability to set bolls in high temperature environments) has been an important aspect of the American Pima (Pima) cotton (G. barbadense L.) breeding program for over 25 years. However, heat tolerance is difficult to quantify. This report estimates change in heat tolerance of Pima cotton through yield response over 30 years in six Arizona counties that differ in elevation and mean summer temperatures. Pima cotton/upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) lint yield percentages were compared for each county by regression with year of production. County mean yield percentages were also compared with elevations. Pima cotton yields as percentages of upland cotton yields increased in five of the six counties over the 30‐year period. Pima lint yield increased from 57 % of upland yield in 1956 to 75 % in 1985 when averaged over the six counties. This increase represents an estimated 206 kg lint ha‐1 in addition to any upland yield increase. Comparison of regression coefficients suggest that nearly 50 % of the 30‐year lint yield increase of Pima cotton at lower elevations was the result of increased tolerance to high temperature in improved cultivars. County 30‐year mean Pima cotton lint yields as percentage of upland cotton yield increased significantly (P < 0.001) from 52.2% to 82.1 % as county elevations increased from 37 m to 1273 m (cooler summer temperatures). These results support reports of greater heat tolerance for upland cotton than Pima cotton, but also show that the difference between species has been reduced substantially by breeding in the last 30 years.
Residual Effects of Rhizobium and Preplant N Fertilizer on Newly Established Alfalfa1
Authors: Eardly B. D. , Hannaway D. B. , Bottomley P. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn areas where ineffective nodulation may be a problem, ‘starter’ nitrogen fertilization is often suggested as a useful management tool to sustain ineffectively nodulated seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) until an effective population of Rhizobium can develop. Although ineffective nodulation has been reported from several locations around the world, there have been no studies examing this possibility. A field experiment was conducted during 1982 and 1983 on a Woodburn silt loam soil (Aquultic Argixeroll) which contained a symbiotically ineffective native population of Rhizobium meliloti Dang. This study examined the residual and interactive effects of preplant N fertilizer (0, 45, 90 kg N ha−1) and inoculation on the N nutrition and yield of seedling alfalfa during the first year of growth. The sustaining effects of the fertilizer N were transient and resulted in decreased N2 fixation until 35 days following harvest. It was concluded that during the establishment year, managerial emphasis should be placed on inoculation and not on N fertilization to obtain a consistent, economical source of N for herbage protein and dry matter production.
Effect of PEG Stress and Mycorrhiza on Growth and Mineral Uptake of Barley and Soybean
Authors: El‐Shourbagy M. N. , Malibari A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Giza‐119 and Sahrawy, and one of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), Clark were subjected to osmotic stress caused by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungus; Cenococcum graniforme. PEG had stimulated growth of each barley cultivar, but not soybean. Inoculation resulted in increased shoot fresh and dry weights of soybean, either with or without PEG, and those of PEG‐stressed barley. PEG displayed a synergistic effect with mycorrhizal fungus in barley by enhancing the uptake of N, Na, K, Ca and Mg by shoots.
Performance of Clipped Maize
Authors: Elsahookie M. M. , Wuhaib K. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo study the effect of leaf clipping on maize (Zea mays L.) performance, nine different treatments were tested on an open‐pollinated genotype of maize. In the spring grown maize, grain yield/plant was increased up to 38% for plants with their upper half leaves cut. Root weight/plant and modified flowering were also increased. Cutting the whole plant decreased grain yield and caused death of about 50% of plants. Meanwhile, leaf clipping decreased several agronomic traits in the fall grown maize. The results of modified flowering lead to the speculation that genes could change their location on the chromosome and/or material dose when plants be under stressed conditions.ZusammenfassungUntersuchungen an entblätterten Mais‐pflanzen Um den Einfluß einer Blattentfernung an Mais (Zea mays L.) bezüglich der Leistung zu unter‐suchen, wurden neun unterschiedliche Be‐handlungen an offen abblühenden Genotypen von Mais vorgenommen. Im Frühjahr ange‐bauter Mais zeigte eine Erhöhung des Kornertrages um 38% bei Pflanzen, an denen die obere Hälfte der Blätter entfernt worden war. Das Wurzelgewicht der Pflanze wurde erhöht und die Blüte modifiziert. Die Entfernung aller Blätter veränderte merit nur den Kornertrag, sondern verursachte auch das Absterben von 50% der Pflanzen. Die Blattentfernung min‐derte zahlreiche pflanzenbauliche Eigenschaf‐ten bei im Herbst angebauten Maispflanzen. Die Modifikation der Blüte läßt vermuten, daß unter Streßbedingungen Gene ihre Lokation an den Chromosomen oder ihre quantitative Wirkung verändern.
Einfluß von Bodenbearbeitung, Kulturart und Zwischenfruchtanbau auf den Bodenabtrag und den Oberflachenwasserabfluß
Authors: Sidiras N. , Kahnt G. , Kübler E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effects of different soil tillage systems, crop rotations and short time cover crops on soil losses and runoffSoil and water losses were carried out from 1979 to 1986 on a pseudogley‐parabrownearth of the farm Ihinger Hof throughout the growth period of green maize and sugar‐beet, both planted by plough and rotary hoe. From 1983 to 1986 the effect of short time soil cover crops (October—Dezember) were also studied.The soil losses under rotary hoe were significantly lower in comparison to plough, but the differences in runoff between the tillage treatments were not significant. Under sugar‐beet the erosion caused by rainfall was less than under maize. From the short time soil cover crops, the legume mixtures were found to have the best influence on soil and water conservation, and on the maize growth as well. There was no relationship between runoff or rainfall amount and soil losses. The soil losses correlated strongly to EI30‐indices, and this means that the USLE equation of Wischmeier and Smith (1965) can be applied in our experimental Farm in Ihinger Hof.