bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advection of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) larvae along the Catalan continental slope (NW Mediterranean)
Authors: SABATÉS A. , SALAT J. , PALOMERA I. , EMELIANOV M. , FERNÁNDEZ DE PUELLES M. L. , OLIVAR M. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Gulf of Lions is one of the main anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) spawning areas in the NW Mediterranean. During the spring, low‐salinity surface water from the outflow of the Rhône is advected by the shelf‐slope current along the continental slope off the Catalan coast. In June 2000, a Lagrangian experiment tracking these low‐salinity surface waters was conducted to assess the importance of this transport mechanism for anchovy larvae and to determine the suitability of the tracked surface waters for survival of anchovy larvae. The experiment consisted of sampling the tracked water parcel for 10 days with three drifters launched at the core of the shelf‐slope current where low‐salinity surface waters were detected. The survey was completed by sampling the surrounding waters. Anchovy larvae from the spawning area in the Gulf of Lions were advected towards the south in the low‐salinity waters. The size increase of anchovy larvae throughout the Lagrangian tracking closely followed the general growth rate calculated by otolith analysis (0.65 mm day−1). However, advection by the current was not the only mechanism of anchovy larval transport. A series of anticyclonic eddies, originated in the Gulf of Lions and advected southwards, seemed to play a complementary role in the transport of larvae from the spawning ground towards the nursery areas. These eddies not only contributed to larval transport but also prevented their dispersion. These transport and aggregation mechanisms may be important for anchovy populations along the Catalan coast and require further study.
A synthesis of large‐scale patterns in the planktonic prey of larval and juvenile cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: HEATH M. R. , LOUGH R. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData from 40 published studies of the diet composition of larval and juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) from around the northern North Atlantic were summarized to assess generic patterns in ontogenetic and regional variability in the key prey. The results showed that larvae at the northern edge of the latitudinal range of cod depend primarily on development stages of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, whilst those at the southern edge depend on Para‐ and Pseudocalanus species. Juvenile cod preyed on a wider range of taxa than larvae, but euphausiids were the main target prey. Analysis of regional variations in the relative abundances of C. finmarchicus and Para/Pseudocalanus spp. in the plankton, as estimated by the continuous plankton recorder (CPR) surveys, showed a similar geographical pattern to the larval cod stomach contents. Comparison of CPR data from the 1960s and 70s with data from the 1990s showed that the boundary between C. finmarchicus and Para/Pseudocalanus spp. dominance has shifted northwards on both sides of the Atlantic, whilst the abundance of euphausiids in the southern cod stock regions has declined. The results are discussed in relation to regional differences in the response of cod stocks to climate variability.
Prey selection of common minke (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and Bryde's (Balaenoptera edeni) whales in the western North Pacific in 2000 and 2001
Authors: MURASE HIROTO , TAMURA TSUTOMU , KIWADA HIROSHI , FUJISE YOSHIHIRO , WATANABE HIKARU , OHIZUMI HIROSHI , YONEZAKI SHIROH , OKAMURA HIROSHI , KAWAHARA SHIGEYUKI 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study of common minke and Bryde's whales was conducted in the western North Pacific in the 2000 and 2001 summer seasons to estimate prey selection of cetaceans as this is an important parameter in ecosystem models. Whale sighting and sampling surveys and prey surveys using quantitative echosounder and mid‐water trawl were carried out concurrently in the study. Biomasses of Japanese anchovy, walleye pollock and krill, which were major prey species of common minke and Bryde's whales, were estimated using an echosounder. The results suggested that common minke whale showed prey selection for Japanese anchovy while they seemed to avoid krill in both the offshore and coastal regions and walleye pollock in the continental shelf region. Selection for shoaling pelagic fish was similar to that in the eastern North Atlantic. Bryde's whale showed selection for Japanese anchovy in August 2000 and July 2001, while it showed prey selection for krill in May and June in 2001.
Growth, production and bioenergetics of brown trout in upland streams with contrasting riparian vegetation
Authors: DINEEN GERARD , HARRISON SIMON S. C. , GILLER PAUL S. 
Published: February 2007

Summary1. A series of laboratory‐based equations on trout growth and bioenergetics developed by J.M. Elliott were applied to data collected for brown trout (Salmo truttaL.) under field conditions in Co. Mayo, Western Ireland. Fish were collected by electrofishing eight upland streams with contrasting riparian vegetation; grassland, open canopy and closed canopy deciduous.2. Stream temperatures, one of the main influencing factors on fish growth and energetics, did not differ significantly between riparian types.3. Observed growth rates were lower than the predicted maximum growth rates and were not influenced by riparian vegetation type. Growth ranged between 0.66% day−1for 0 + trout to 0.08% day−1for 2 + trout.4. Production estimates showed no clear difference between riparian vegetation types over the growing season.5. Fish densities and biomass tended to be greater in closed canopy streams particularly in summer.6. Actual ration sizes calculated for trout were similar to the ration required for maintenance metabolism and were only 45–63% of the maximum potential rations. Although there was an ontogenetic increase in ration size with increasing fish age, the proportion of ration available for growth (i.e. the difference between actual and maintenance rations) did not differ between age classes but was greatest in summer. 1+ and 2+ trout show greatest ration available for growth in grassland streams.7. Trout growth did not differ between riparian vegetation types but did vary seasonally with greatest attainment in summer. Growth was limited in the present study possibly due to combined effects of reduced prey available to fish and low stream temperatures reducing metabolic requirements. In such food limited systems, terrestrial invertebrate energy subsidies could have significant benefits to brown trout growth, production and bioenergetics.
Functional diversity of crustacean zooplankton communities: towards a trait‐based classification
Authors: BARNETT ALLAIN J. , FINLAY KERRI , BEISNER BEATRIX E. 
Published: February 2007

Summary1. While studies of phytoplankton and terrestrial plant communities have increasingly emphasised the use of functional traits in ecological research, few have yet to apply this approach to zooplankton communities.2. This study reviews laboratory and observational studies on zooplankton feeding and life history and provides a series of functional trait tables for the North American freshwater zooplankton. Qualitative and quantitative trait tables highlight areas where data were more scarce and point to which types of studies could fill in gaps in our knowledge of zooplankton niches.3. Data were most complete for the Cladocera across most traits, while feeding information for cyclopoids was most sparse. Qualitative data that distinguished congeneric species were lacking for most groups.4. A regional community dendrogram for common north‐eastern North American zooplankton species was generated and shows that taxonomic differences between species do not capture fully functional differences based on the traits of body length, habitat, trophic group and feeding type.5. The data collected here, combined with readily measurable species attributes, can be used to generate a multivariate measure of the functional niche of each species found in a community. Armed with this information, functional relationships that are useful for ecological studies of lake ecosystems can be more easily conducted.
Population responses to sterility imposed on female European rabbits
Authors: WILLIAMS C. K. , DAVEY C. C. , MOORE R. J. , HINDS L. A. , SILVERS L. E. , KERR P. J. , FRENCH N. , HOOD G. M. , PECH R. P. , KREBS C. J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAdditional methods are needed in Australia to control the European rabbitOryctolagus cuniculus, which continues to destroy valued native flora. A control option under development, immunocontraception, is intended to suppress the rabbit's high fertility. It would spread contagiously via genetically modified myxoma virus and European rabbit fleasSpilopsyllus cuniculi. An experiment with field populations of rabbits assessed whether suppressing fertility reduces their abundance.In south‐eastern Australia, four treatments in three replicates were applied to 12 subpopulations of rabbits. The treatments were surgical sterilization of 0%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the adult and juvenile females trapped before the annual breeding seasons of 1993–96.The sterilized populations produced fewer young but the average adult population size remained unchanged in all treatments. Immigration was minimal in all treatments.Sterilized adult female rabbits survived much better than fertile females, indicating a high cost of reproduction. Immature rabbits and unsterilized adults of both sexes also survived better in the sterilization treatments. The improved survival in all rabbit classes compensated for reduced reproductive output.Fleas were fewer on both adult females and males in the sterilized populations but this did not impede transmission of myxomatosis.Synthesis and applications. Imposing sterility on rabbit populations reduces breeding‐season peaks of abundance. Improved survival compensates for the sterility of up to 80% of females and sustains populations, even in the presence of drought and myxomatosis. Immunocontraception alone has poor prospects for controlling rabbits. Cost‐effective rabbit control requires multiple, integrated forms of attrition.
Assessing mood and general health‐related quality of life among men treated in Australia for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Newton Fiona , Burney Sue , Frydenberg Mark , Millar Jeremy , Ng Kim 
Published: February 2007

Objective:  Although increasing numbers of Australian men are undergoing treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa), the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of this patient cohort has received little research attention. We therefore compared the mood and general HRQOL of Australian localized PCa patients with a sample of untreated men.Methods:  A retrospective cross‐sectional design was used to compare the longer‐term positive and negative affect and general HRQOL of 82 radical prostatectomy (RP) cases, 39 external‐beam radiation (EBRT), and 95 untreated comparison cases (CC). All PCa cases had undergone treatment more than 2 years prior to data collection.Results:  Levels of positive and negative affect did not differ with treatment modality. After adjusting for the variance attributable to age and comorbidity, RP, EBRT and CC group participants displayed similar general HRQOL profiles. Treatment dissatisfaction was higher among EBRT compared to RP cases (P = 0.024, two‐tailed test).Conclusion:  In the longer‐term, mood did not vary significantly with PCa treatment. Furthermore, when age and comorbidity were taken into account, RP and EBRT patients had similar HRQOL profiles. While not statistically significant, the trend towards the importance of family, social and medical support among PCa patients requires further investigation.
Comparative study of the protective effect of different intravenous bisphosphonates on the decrease in bone mineral density in patients submitted to radical prostatectomy undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. A prospective open‐label controlled study
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo , Hering Flavio O , Bruna Paulo , Meller Alex , Afonso Yuri 
Published: February 2007

Objectives:  To establish whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes osteoporosis and osteopeniaMethods:  Ninety‐four prostatectomized men with rising prostrate‐specific antigen (PSA) were enrolled into the placebo group (31), monthly i.v. clodronate (39) or monthly i.v. zoledronic acid (24) groups for 36 months. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry measured the bone density in the lumbar (L2–L4) area. χ2 and anova tests were used to analyze data..Results:  After 6 months of androgen deprivation, 17 of the 31 control cases developed osteopenia in the lumbar area. At 12 months, nine control cases had osteoporosis with 13 additional cases of osteopenia. At the end of the 36‐month study period, the untreated group showed an average bone mineral density (BMD) loss of −1.82 (±0.94) with 13 cases of osteopenia and 18 cases of osteoporosis. The clodronate group had two cases of osteoporosis out of 39 subjects after 6 months of ADT with 28 developing osteopenia and seven cases of osteoporosis after 36 months of follow up. Mean BMD loss in this group was −0.72 (±0.34). The zoledronic acid studied arm had seven cases of osteopenia after 6 months of ADT while 20 and five cases developed osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively, after 36 months of follow up. The former group had a mean bone loss of −0.88 (±0.32).There was statistical difference for BMD loss in the treated groups starting at 6 months in comparison to the control group.Conclusions:  Six months of ADT promoted impressive bone loss in the lumbar area of the non‐treated patients. This tendency is progressive and may be delayed by i.v. bisphosphonates.
Absence of prophylactic antibiotics in minimum incision endoscopic urological surgery (MEUS) of adrenal and renal tumors
Authors: Yoshida Soichiro , Masuda Hitoshi , Yokoyama Minato , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kawakami Satoru , Kihara Kazunori 
Published: February 2007

Objective:  Recently, some studies suggested that antimicrobial prophylactics (AMP) are not needed to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) for clean operations despite worldwide acceptance of AMP. However, appropriate use of AMP in urological surgery has not been fully studied. Herein, we report an attempt of gradual decrease of AMP to non‐use of AMP in minimum incision endoscopic urological surgery (MEUS) of adrenal and renal tumors.Materials and methods:  We investigated 95 consecutive patients who underwent 16 MEUS adrenalectomy and 79 MEUS radical and partial nephrectomy in our hospital. Patients were classified into the following three groups by means of prevention of SSI: the first step group received ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium 1.5 g i.v. 30 min before the operation; the second step group received a single 300 mg of levofloxacin orally 60 min before the operation; and the third step group received no AMP. Clinical backgrounds and incidences of SSI were compared among these three groups.Results:  The first, second and third step groups consisted of 31, 36 and 28 patients, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among these groups in terms of clinical backgrounds including age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance risk index, and type and length of operation. The first step group had one superficial SSI that healed without any non‐specific treatment. None of the second and third step groups had superficial SSI. There was no case of deep surgical site or distant infection.Conclusion:  AMP could be discarded in clean MEUS of adrenal and renal tumors without increasing the incidence of SSI.
Change in International Prostate Symptom Score, prostrate‐specific antigen and prostate volume in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia followed longitudinally
Authors: Tsukamoto Taiji , Masumori Naoya , Rahman Mahbubur , Crane Martin M 
Published: February 2007

Objective:  The natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Japan resembles Western studies in that symptoms worsen, improve or stabilize in equal proportions of patients. We sought to determine if this pattern persisted in men seeking care at a urology referral center and if worsening of symptoms was due to increase in prostate volume (PV).Methods:  We reviewed the records of all BPH patients who attended the Urology Clinic of Sapporo Medical University Hospital, during December 2003 and June 2004 with the inclusion criterion that they have at least two PV and lower urinary tract symptoms measurements using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Patients who had prostate cancer or who underwent hormone therapy or prostate surgery between the two visits were excluded. Correlation (Spearman’s rank) was used to assess interrelationships among variables at baseline and follow up; the strength of association between change in IPSS and change in PV were modeled by multiple linear regression.Results:  Sixty‐seven patients were eligible. Baseline PV correlated with residual urine volume (r = 0.37, P < 0.05) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA; r = 0.65, P < 0.001) but not IPSS (r =−0.16). PV increased in 46 (70%) men, remained the same in 10 and decreased in 11; in the former group, the mean prostate enlargement generally increased as baseline PV increased. In multiple linear regression models that included baseline IPSS, correlation between change in IPSS and change in PV was 0.47 (P = 0.05) based on 25 patients with measures at concurrent visits. Change in PV was also correlated with change in quality of life score (0.46, P = 0.02) but not with change in PSA (r = 0.38, P = 0.07, maximum flow rate (−0.24) or residual urine volume (−0.06).Conclusions:  IPSS were not correlated with any laboratory measure of urinary function at baseline; however, change in IPSS was associated with change in PV. PV was also moderately correlated to PSA levels and residual urine volume at baseline.
Growth in biomedical publications and scientific institutions in the Emirates (1998–2004): an Arabian renaissance?
Authors: Neves Karen , Lammers Wim J. E. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectives:  The United Arab Emirates is witnessing a rapid development in population and infrastructure, leading to an expansion in the educational field and the health care system, including universities, hospitals and research institutes. One potential outcome of this development is an increase in biomedical research publications. This was examined in this study.Method:  Searches were made of three databases; PubMed, Current Contents and embase. All records from these databases related to the Emirates were downloaded and cross‐referenced. Duplications were removed as well as erroneous records. A total of 1369 publications during 1998–2004 were obtained.Results:  Analysis of these records revealed that the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, located at the federal University, was responsible for 48% of all biomedical publications. All hospitals together accounted for 24%, while other universities and other research institutes accounted for 13 and 14% respectively. Further analysis revealed that there had been no further growth in the number of publications since 1998. This is in contrast to the increasing number of institutions that have been set up in the 1998–2004 period; from 29 to 112.Conclusion:  The Emirates are witnessing a rapid development in universities, colleges, hospitals and research centres. The ratio of publications, as yet, has not kept up with this development. The enormous growth in institutes, however, may, in time, herald an Arabian renaissance in scientific activity and related publications.
The emerging Web 2.0 social software: an enabling suite of sociable technologies in health and health care education1
Authors: Kamel Boulos Maged N. , Wheeler Steve 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWeb 2.0 sociable technologies and social software are presented as enablers in health and health care, for organizations, clinicians, patients and laypersons. They include social networking services, collaborative filtering, social bookmarking, folksonomies, social search engines, file sharing and tagging, mashups, instant messaging, and online multi‐player games. The more popular Web 2.0 applications in education, namely wikis, blogs and podcasts, are but the tip of the social software iceberg. Web 2.0 technologies represent a quite revolutionary way of managing and repurposing/remixing online information and knowledge repositories, including clinical and research information, in comparison with the traditional Web 1.0 model. The paper also offers a glimpse of future software, touching on Web 3.0 (the Semantic Web) and how it could be combined with Web 2.0 to produce the ultimate architecture of participation. Although the tools presented in this review look very promising and potentially fit for purpose in many health care applications and scenarios, careful thinking, testing and evaluation research are still needed in order to establish ‘best practice models’ for leveraging these emerging technologies to boost our teaching and learning productivity, foster stronger ‘communities of practice’, and support continuing medical education/professional development (CME/CPD) and patient education.
Variable microsatellite loci isolated from the azure damselfly, Coenagrion puella (L.) (Zygoptera; Coenagrionidae)
Authors: LOWE CHRIS D. , KEMP STEPHEN J. , HARVEY IAN F. , THOMPSON DAVID J. , WATTS PHILLIP C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe isolated and characterized 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the azure damselfly Coenagrion puella (Zygoptera; Coenagrionidae) as part of a study assessing reproductive success and genetic structure in an isolated population of this species. Levels of genetic diversity were assessed in 50 individuals collected from Queen Elizabeth Country Park, Hampshire, UK. The number of alleles per microsatellite loci ranged from three to 22 and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.26 and 0.84 and between 0.23 and 0.91, respectively. Two loci showed significant (P < 0.05) heterozygote deficits, likely because of null (non‐amplifying) alleles; one pair of loci was in linkage disequilibrium.
Management of chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctitis
Authors: AGRAWAL Prachi P , BANSAL Naresh , BAHADUR Anil K , SINGH Kishor , RATHI Arun K 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRectal bleeding secondary to radiation proctitis is the most dreaded complication of pelvic radiotherapy. Its management remains a perplexing problem despite the availability of multiple treatment modalities. Patients are usually managed on a “hit and miss” basis at most centers. Steroid, 5‐aminosalicylic acid, short chain fatty acids and sucralfate enemas, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and topical application of 4% formaldehyde all have been used with varying results. Surgical procedures such diversion colostomy or resection of involved segment have been proposed for refractory bleeding. Endoscopic methods are being increasingly adopted in the form of bipolar electrocoagulation, heat probe coagulation, photoablation, Nd:YAG laser and preferably argon plasma coagulation. The utility of conservative approaches remains far below desirable levels. Onset of hemorrhagic recurrence represents a major obstacle that leads to a need for repeated therapeutic sessions and sometimes invocation of radical techniques. This review discusses various treatment modalities and aims to identify their efficacy and limitations. A critical review was conducted of published reports regarding management of chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctitis (CHRP). Although there are few prospective randomized trials, enough evidence is available to conclude that argon plasma coagulation represents the current treatment of choice.