bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDUCTION OF OVULATION BY HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Pasetto N. , Montanino G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The results reported in the literature show that ovulation in cases of primary and secondary amenorrhoea can be induced by treatment with human gonadotrophins.
From these reports, it can be concluded that human menopausal gonadotrophins (HMG), as well as preparations from post-mortem human pituitary (HPG), are potent ovarian stimulators.
In order to avoid cyst formation, the authors of this paper used smaller doses of HMG and HCG.
The human menopausal gonadotrophin used was Pergonal-25 E 35.
In 6 cases of primary and secondary amenorrhoea, induced ovulation was followed by two pregnancies.
OOPHORECTOMY AND CORTISONE TREATMENT AS A METHOD OF ELIMINATING OESTROGEN PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Persson Bengt H. , Risholm Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol-17β, oestriol, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids has been estimated in 55 premenopausal and 91 postmenopausal women with breast cancer at various stages of the disease before therapy. The depletion of oestrogen excretion caused by oophorectomy combined with cortisone treatment was studied in the patients with metastasising breast tumours (32 premenopausal and 56 postmenopausal subjects).
Patients with disseminating breast cancer excreted significantly larger quantities of oestriol than healthy women of the same age, whether preor postmenopausal. The excretion of oestrone and oestradiol-17β was similar in cancer patients and healthy women of corresponding age.
Oophorectomy reduced the oestrogen excretion not only in premenopausal subjects but also in quite a number of postmenopausal patients, particularly in those who were still excreting significant amounts of oestrogens. This decrease in the oestrogen output was transient and was followed by a compensatory increase, possibly of adrenal origin.
Cortisone administered within a month after the oophorectomy at a dosage of 50 mg per day rapidly depressed the secondary rise in the oestrogen output to a level of about 4 to 5 μg/24 h irrespective of the age of the patient. This excretion level was unchanged as long as cortisone was given in an adequate dose, but increased rapidly when the cortisone treatment was discontinued.
Oophorectomy combined with adequate cortisone treatment seems to offer an alternative to the extensive surgical procedures undertaken to eliminate oestrogen production in breast cancer patients.
THE CONVERSION OF 11β-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE TO CORTICOSTERONE AND OTHER STEROID FRACTIONS BY RAT AND FROG ADRENAL GLANDS
Authors: Kraulis Ilze , Birmingham Marion K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rat and frog adrenal glands incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate glucose solution convert added 11β-hydroxyprogesterone to corticosterone more efficiently than added deoxycorticosterone. Up to 36% of the added 11β-hydroxyprogesterone incubated with rat adrenal glands was accounted for by the increase in the corticosterone fraction. Adrenals from both animals also metabolized 11β-hydroxyprogesterone to fractions with the mobility of aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone. These findings suggest that 11β-hydroxyprogesterone may play a significant role in corticoid synthesis.
HYPOFUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLAND, DUE TO PROLONGED AND EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF POTASSIUM IODIDE
Authors: Frey Harald 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five patients are reported, who developed various degrees of thyroid hypofunction and/or goitre while taking iodide-containing mixtures for bronchial asthma. After stopping the iodide treatment, their thyroid condition returned to normal.
The clinical features of the condition are described. Particular attention has been paid to the factors responsible for the development of thyroid hypofunction. Most important among these was the prolonged, regular and high intake of iodides.
It is concluded that patients using iodide-containing medication should interrupt the intake for 2–4 weeks at a time, several times a year.
The mechanism by which iodine depresses the function of the thyroid gland is discussed.
THE FATE OF 1,2-3H CORTEXOLONE IN MAN
Authors: De Hertogh R. , Hoet J. J. , Materazzi F. , Ekka E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
1,2-3H cortexolone was injected into normal subjects and the disappearance curve of the radioactive hormone in the plasma was determined.
This follows a biexponential function, according to a digital computer analysis. The half-life values calculated for the first and the second components of the experimental curves are 4 and 24 min respectively. On the basis of a two compartment open system, in which the second compartment is assumed to be metabolically inactive, cortexolone spreads rapidly into an apparent volume of 19 l and more slowly into a total volume of 37 l.
Endogenous production rate of cortexolone was estimated from the isotope dilution of the injected hormone as determined by measurement of the specific activity of urinary tetrahydrocortexolone. The mean production rate for 4 normal subjects was calculated to be 1100 μg per day. From these data the size of the endogenous pool of cortexolone was calculated. This averages 9.3 and 9.2 μg for the first and second compartments respectively.
The experiments are discussed with regard to a possible disturbance in the steady state by the amount of cortexolone injected.
CUSHING'S SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH A SUPRASELLAR TUMOUR
Authors: Krieger D. T. , Krieger H. P. , Soffer L. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case is described of a roentgenographically confirmed primary suprasellar tumour in a 14 year old Negro boy, who presented with the clinical and laboratory findings of Cushing's syndrome, together with hyperpigmentation, homonymous hemianopia and unilateral ptosis. This appears to be the youngest case exhibiting Cushing's sydrome secondary to this aetiology, and one of a small number in whom the tumour could be well delineated roentgenographically in the presence of an essentially normal sella. The significant endocrine abnormalities were the demonstration of increased plasma corticotrophin levels, and the failure of both pituitary suppression by dexamethasone and of adrenal stimulation by corticotrophin. The tumour was extremely sensitive to 4500 r 60Co therapy. The remission produced thus far is of two years duration.
FREE 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID LEVEL AND EOSINOPHIL CELL COUNT DURING CORTICOTROPHIN TESTS
Authors: Hortling Herman , Pekkarinen Aimo , Puupponen Eva 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of intravenous infusions for 5 hours of 20–25 IU corticotrophin on the free 17-OHCS content in the plasma and on the number of the eosinophil cells in the blood was studied in patients with normal adrenocortical function and in patients with allergic diseases receiving 40–60 mg cortisol daily in a dose which suppresses the function of the adrenal cortex, as well as in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized patients. When the maximal content of free 17-OHCS during the corticotrophin infusion was above 25–30 μg/100 ml an inverse correlation with the number of eosinophils was found. When, however, the free 17-OHCS level reached in the plasma was in the normal range (< 25 μg/100 ml) or very low no correlation was found between the free 17-OHCS content in the plasma and the percentage changes in the number of eosinophils in the blood.
In general the responses in the content of free 17-OHCS in the plasma and also in the number of the eosinophil cells in the blood, to intravenous corticotrophin administration is a good indicator of the adrenocortical function.
THE SITE OF PRODUCTION OF OESTROGENIC HORMONES IN HUMAN PREGNANCY. III.
Authors: Frandsen V. Aasted , Stakemann Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The hormone excretion was determined in 17 cases of pregnancy with anencephalic foetus. In 16 the excretion of oestriol was about 1/10 of the normal pregnancy level and in the 11 cases in which the oestroneoestradiol excretion was estimated, this amounted to 1/4 of the normal pregnancy level.
One of the cases presented a normal excretion of oestriol and in this case, the foetal adrenals were of normal size with a normal foetal zone. In one of the cases dehydroepiandrosterone was injected intraamniotically and this resulted in an increase in the excretion of oestrogens, predominantly in the oestrone-oestradiol fraction.
The role played by the foetal adrenals in the production of oestrogens during human pregnancy is emphasized and it is suggested that they also might participate in the metabolism of oestrogens.
ANTIBODIES IN THE PIG AGAINST PIG INSULIN
Authors: Brunfeldt K. , Deckert T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sera from three pigs injected subcutaneously with respectively pig, ox, and horse insulin for 87 days were incubated with 131I-pig insulin and investigated for the presence of antibodies by means of immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography.
A binding of 131I-pig insulin to the gamma globulin fraction could be demonstrated in all animals after the commencement of the injections. Thus a cross reactivity between pig and ox insulin and pig and horse insulin occurred, however, apparently to a lesser degree in the latter case. The presence of a 131I-pig insulin binding gamma fraction in the serum from the animal injected with pig insulin, indicates a formation of antibodies against pig insulin in the pig.
EFFECTS OF HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS IN DIFFERENT BIOASSAY METHODS
Authors: van Hell H. , Matthijsen R. , Overbeek G. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Several gonadotrophin preparations, HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin), HPG (Human Pituitary Gonadotrophin) and NIH FSH S1 (a FSH preparation distributed by the National Institute of Health) were investigated for biological activity, using three methods of assay.
The rat augmentation test, specific for FSH, and the rat seminal vesicle weight test, specific for ICSH both gave statistically valid results. The potencies were expressed in terms of the IRP (International Reference Preparation for HMG), and the International HCG Standard respectively. The gonadotrophic activity as determined by the rat uterine weight method was expressed in terms of IRP and in terms of the International HCG Standard.
Good agreement was found between the results in the uterine weight method and the seminal vesicle test, suggesting a strong ICSH dependence for the former. On the other hand, the results of the uterine weight method and the augmentation test were not in agreement.
Consequently the rat uterine weight method must be regarded as completely unsuitable for the assay of FSH-activity.
Among the three test methods studied, the augmentation test appears to be the only one suitable for the assay of the FSH content of gonadotrophin preparations for clinical use.
Fractionation of HMG with ethanol led to preparations with high FSH activity, 200 to 300 times that of IRP, but with little ICSH activity.
Most of the ICSH was concentrated in other fractions, indicating that both hormones can be separated. In starch gel electrophoresis these fractions showed different patterns.
THE RADIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN VARIOUS TISSUES OF THE OVARIECTOMISED MOUSE FOLLOWING THE SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF TRITIATED OESTRADIOL AND OESTRONE
Authors: Stone G. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Up to 16 h after the subcutaneous injection of a physiological dose of 17β-oestradiol-6,7-3H, almost all the radioactivity in the uterus and vagina was ether soluble and moved with oestradiol in the Bush B1 and B3 chromatographic systems (Bush 1952). In the liver and blood activity was recovered in both water and ether soluble fractions, the latter containing a number of metabolites of oestradiol. No firm binding to protein could be shown in these tissues.
After the injection of oestrone most of the radioactivity in the uterus and vagina was again ether soluble but activity associated with both oestrone and oestradiol was found. The ratio of oestradiol-oestrone in these tissues increased with increasing time after injection. Possible sites of the conversion of oestradiol to oestrone are discussed.
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE TO d-MANNOHEPTULOSE: STUDIES UTILIZING THE NEPHRECTOMIZED RAT
Authors: Kraicer Peretz F. , Simon Ernst 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
d-Mannoheptulose was injected into rats immediately after bilateral nephrectomy. Following injection of 400 mg, a hyperglycaemic plateau of blood glucose was observed between 16 and 24 hours after injection. The intensity of the hyperglycaemia was proportional to the dose between 50 and 400 mg. Calculation of mannoheptulose »space« showed that it must be stored or metabolized. Mannoheptulose action can be prolonged by nephrectomy to allow metabolic studies of several hours' duration.
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE TO d-MANNOHEPTULOSE: FRUCTOSE TOLERANCE CURVES
Authors: Simon Ernst , Kraicer Peretz F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male rats were given fructose tolerance tests in the presence and absence of d-mannoheptulose. In the presence of mannoheptulose, fructose uptake was normal, but glucose uptake was inhibited. Insulin was able to reduce the hyperglycaemia. These findings support the hypothesis that the inhibition of glucose utilization produced by mannoheptulose is due to insulin lack.
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Wagner Gorm , Transbøl Ib , Melchior Johannes C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The obstetric and metabolic observations made in a woman suffering from hyperparathyroidism and her newborn infant are described. The significant findings were: 1) slight maternal hypercalcaemia, 2) a high calcium concentration in amniotic fluid, 3) a foetal hypercalcaemia greater than that in the mother, 4) a low serum calcium concentration during the first few weeks of life but no manifest tetany, 5) a higher than normal plasma alkaline phosphatase level in the newborn but no bone disease demonstrable by X-ray, and 6) a lower content of calcium in the mother's milk than in normal human milk. Pregnancy, labour and delivery were uneventful.
A study of the literature comprising 23 females with a minimum of 34 pregnancies during their disease, shows that these females suffered from a more severe disease than 138 patients in a consecutive series of cases of hyperparathyroidism during about the same period (1930–1960). Since the relative number of patients with bone disease has decreased during the last 10–15 years we believe that the risks for perinatal death and tetany observed in this review, i. e. about 25 and 50 per cent, respectively, are greater than would be expected in a consecutive series today.
A severe reduction in fertility is presumably not present. Labour and delivery are not interfered with, but there seems to be a tendency toward a low birth weight. Indirect evidence for renal damage and hypertension as the cause of stillbirth and neonatal death is given.
Since no case of infantile osteitis fibrosa was observed it is concluded that the maternal parathyroid hormone does not pass freely through the placental barrier.
The treatment is discussed.
EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION IN THE RAT
Authors: Roy Somnath , Greenblatt Robert B. , Mahesh Virendra B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The oestrogenic and antioestrogenic actions of clomiphene were studied in rats. In the absence of oestrogen in ovariectomized animals it exerted a uterotrophic effect, whereas, in the presence of a natural oestrogen (oestradiol) this compound at the same dosage levels counteracted the uterotrophic effect of the oestrogen. In suitable doses clomiphene also counteracted the gonadotrophin suppressing and ovulation-inhibiting actions of oestradiol. The results suggest that this agent may act by competing with the natural oestrogen for the receptor sites. The possible significance of these observations to the mode of action of clomiphene in the induction of ovulation in anovulatory women is discussed.
EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION IN THE RAT
Authors: Roy Somnath , Mahesh Virendra B. , Greenblatt Robert B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake of intravenously administered tritiated oestradiol by the uterus and pituitary gland of untreated, as well as clomiphene pretreated immature rats was studied to elucidate the nature of the antioestrogenic action of clomiphene. The results indicate that this agent competes with the natural oestrogen for the receptor sites in the uterus and pituitary gland and prevents the entry of oestrogen to and probably displaces it from the receptor sites. The significance of these observations with respect to the ability of clomiphene for the induction of ovulation in anovulatory women is discussed.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IODINE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY, SPORADIC GOITRE AND THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Aboul-Khair S. A. , Crooks J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies of iodine metabolism have been carried out in 15 pregnant women, 33 cases with sporadic goitre and 11 with thyrotoxicosis. A low plasma inorganic iodine was common to the three groups. In pregnancy and sporadic goitre the thyroid clearance of iodine was elevated and the absolute iodine uptake normal. A high thyroid clearance of iodine in thyrotoxicosis was associated with a high absolute iodine uptake. The results suggest that both pregnancy and sporadic goitre are physiological responses to an iodine deficiency state while the iodine deficiency state of thyrotoxicosis is secondary to increased thyroid activity.
CONTRACTION OF THE RABBIT MAMMARY STRIP IN VITRO IN RESPONSE TO OXYTOCIN
Authors: Moore Richard D. , Zarrow M. X. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The isometric contractile response to oxytocin has been studied in vitro utilizing strips of tissue from rabbit mammary glands. Responses were maximal at resting tensions of 200–400 mg/mm2. The force of contraction increased from the beginning of lactation to about 9 days post partum and then leveled off. Little or no response is noted below 15° C and the maximum response is obtained in the range of 32 to36°C. Irreversible changes begin above 41° C. As little as 0.1 mU oxytocin/ml could be detected and the dose-response curve was demonstrated statistically to be linear between the dosages of 0.5 to 10 mU oxytocin/ml. The doseresponse curve reached a plateau at about 8–11 mU/ml. Replacing sodium with potassium resulted in a logarithmic decrease of contractile force with time. This decrease was partially reversible. The strip became inexcitable in calcium free Tyrode's solution. Excitability was again established by adding calcium. Other than to oxytocin, the mammary strip responded only to acetylcholine. The effect of acetylcholine could be blocked by atropine and this treatment did not affect the response to oxytocin. The site and mechanism of action of oxytocin are discussed.
CORTICOSTEROID-UMSATZ UND CORTICOSTEROID-PRODUKTION BEI RATTEN UNTER DER BEHANDLUNG MIT ANABOLEN STEROIDEN
Authors: Schriefers Herbert , Scharlau Gerlinde , Pohl Franzis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After the administration of anabolic steroids to adult female rats in daily doses of 1 mg per animal for 14 days, the following parameters were investigated: the rate of the Δ4-5α-hydrogenase-catalyzed cortisone reduction in liver slices and microsomal fractions, the adrenal weight and the in vitro corticosterone production rate.
Among the steroids tested, only 17α-methyl-testosterone and 17α-ethyl-19-nor-testosterone were effective in lowering significantly cortisone reduction rate by liver slices with concomitant decreases in microsomal Δ4-5α-hydrogenase-activity. Testosterone, 19-nor-testosterone, 17α-ethinyl-19-nor-testosterone, 17α-methyl-17β-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one and 1-methyl-17β-hydroxy-androst-1-en-3-one were ineffective or only slightly effective.
Adrenal weight and absolute corticosterone production rate (μg/60 min per animal) were decreased after treatment with 17α-methyl-testosterone, 17α-ethyl-19-nor-testosterone and 1-methyl-17β-hydroxy-androst-1-en-3-one. Corticosterone production was decreased with 17α-ethinyl-19-nor-testosterone in spite of an unchanged adrenal weight. The relative corticosterone production rate (μg/60 min · 100 mg adrenal) was in any cases unaffected.
According to these results there exists – with the exception of 17α-ethinyl-19-nor-testosterone – a strict parallelism between corticosteroid turnover and corticosterone production rate: unchanged turnover is correlated with unchanged corticosterone production rate, while a decreased turnover is correlated with decreased adrenal activity.
The protein-anabolic effect of certain anabolic steroids may be partly due to an anti-catabolic action of these compounds resulting from a decreased corticosteroid inactivation and production rate.
Possible mechanisms by which anabolic steroids may affect corticosteroid-balance are discussed.
ALDOSTERONE STIMULATION IN VITRO
Authors: Müller Jürg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for assaying aldosterone-stimulating activity in vitro using adrenal glands of rats kept on a sodium deficient diet. The production of aldosterone and corticosterone was measured by double isotope dilution derivative assays. Addition of ACTH or precursor steroids and elevation of the potassium concentration in the incubation medium gave a significant increase of aldosterone production. Angiotensin II showed little aldosterone-stimulating activity and only at a very high concentration. Small doses of a purified extract from human urine lead to a reproducible, significant and dose-dependent increase of aldosterone production without influencing production of corticosterone. The theoretical and practical advantages and limitations of the method are evaluated.
THE SO-CALLED 'LEVATOR ANI' OF THE RAT
Authors: Hayes Keith J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Although the rat's 'levator ani' muscle has been widely used for screening and evaluating nonandrogenic anabolic steroids, there has been some confusion about the nature of the muscle itself. To clarify this situation, the anatomical literature was searched and numerous dissections were performed. It was found that the name 'levator ani' is incorrect and misleading. This muscle is not homologous to the one called levator ani in man, cat, and dog, but is actually the dorsal bulbocavernous, a muscle peculiar to rodents. It attaches to the bulb of the urethra; it is absent in the female rat; and, unlike the true levator ani, it is clearly part of the male reproductive system. To determine whether the masculinizing action of anabolic steroids is confined to this particular organ, its response to three such steroids was compared with the responses of several other genital organs. Although these steroids had little effect on the accessory sex glands, their strong action on the dorsal bulbocavernous was accompanied by similarly accelerated growth of all other muscular and erectile parts of the male genital system, including the penis. These results cannot be understood in terms of the traditional dichotomy of androgens and nonandrogens. A third category of quasi-androgens is needed, to accommodate synthetic steroids with some, but not all, of the masculinizing actions of testosterone.