bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickel induces epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis in mice via activation of the oxidative stress‐mediated TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: Cao Shanchuan , Yin Heng , Li Xinglai , Zeng Xin , Liu Jingbo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNickel (Ni) is recognized as a carcinogenic metal, and its widespread use has led to severe environmental and health problems. Although the lung is among the main organs affected by Ni, the precise mechanisms behind this effect remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying Ni‐induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF), using various techniques including histopathological detection, biochemical analysis, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real‐time PCR. Mice were treated with nickel chloride (NiCl2), which induced PF (detected by Masson staining), up‐regulation of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and collagen‐1 mRNA and protein expression. NiCl2 was found to induce PF by: activation of the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad signaling pathway; up‐regulation of protein and mRNA expression of TGF‐β1, p‐Smad2, p‐Smad3, vimentin, and N‐cadherin; and down‐regulation of protein and mRNA expression of E‐cadherin. In addition, NiCl2 treatment increased malondialdehyde content while inhibiting antioxidant activity, as indicated by decreased catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase activities, and glutathione content. Co‐treatment with the effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) plus NiCl2 was used to study the effects of oxidative stress in NiCl2‐induced PF. The addition of NAC significantly mitigated NiCl2‐induced PF, and reversed activation of the TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway and EMT. NiCl2‐induced PF was therefore shown to be due to EMT activation via the TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway, mediated by oxidative stress.
Unraveling the role of low‐density lipoprotein‐related genes in lung adenocarcinoma: Insights into tumor microenvironment and clinical prognosis
Authors: Zhang Pengpeng , Wu Xinyi , Wang Dingli , Zhang Mengzhe , Zhang Bin , Zhang Zhenfa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe hypothesized link between low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and oncogenesis has garnered significant interest, yet its explicit impact on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be elucidated. This investigation aims to demystify the function of LDL‐related genes (LRGs) within LUAD, endeavoring to shed light on the complex interplay between LDL and carcinogenesis.MethodsLeveraging single‐cell transcriptomics, we examined the role of LRGs within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The expression patterns of LRGs across diverse cellular phenotypes were delineated using an array of computational methodologies, including AUCell, UCell, singscore, ssGSEA, and AddModuleScore. CellChat facilitated the exploration of distinct cellular interactions within LDL_low and LDL_high groups. The findmarker utility, coupled with Pearson correlation analysis, facilitated the identification of pivotal genes correlated with LDL indices. An integrative approach to transcriptomic data analysis was adopted, utilizing a machine learning framework to devise an LDL‐associated signature (LAS). This enabled the delineation of genomic disparities, pathway enrichments, immune cell dynamics, and pharmacological sensitivities between LAS stratifications.ResultsEnhanced cellular crosstalk was observed in the LDL_high group, with the CoxBoost+Ridge algorithm achieving the apex c‐index for LAS formulation. Benchmarking against 144 extant LUAD models underscored the superior prognostic acuity of LAS. Elevated LAS indices were synonymous with adverse outcomes, diminished immune surveillance, and an upsurge in pathways conducive to neoplastic proliferation. Notably, a pronounced susceptibility to paclitaxel and gemcitabine was discerned within the high‐LAS cohort, delineating prospective therapeutic corridors.ConclusionThis study elucidates the significance of LRGs within the TME and introduces an LAS for prognostication in LUAD patients. Our findings accentuate putative therapeutic targets and elucidate the clinical ramifications of LAS deployment.
Update on emerging multidrug‐resistant Rhodococcus equi
Authors: Vázquez‐Boland Jose , Val‐Calvo Jorge , Scortti Mariela 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJose Vázquez‐Boland, Jorge Val‐Calvo and Mariela Scortti present a brief summary of the main aspects surrounding the recently identified multidrug‐resistant Rhodococcus equi that emerged in the USA and the actions being taken to tackle the problem with support from the UK's Horserace Betting Levy Board.
Modeling N fertilization impact on water cycle and water use efficiency of maize, finger‐millet, and lablab crops in South India
Authors: Almawazreh Albara , Uteau Daniel , Subbarayappa C. T. , Buerkert Andreas , Lehmann Sybille , Peth Stephan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe understanding of the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the field water cycle and corresponding water use efficiency (WUE) is very important for optimizing fertilization rates and conserving stressed water resources. We modeled soil moisture dynamics of maize (Zea mays L.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), and lablab [Lablab purpureus (L..) Sweet] plots using calibrated HYDRUS‐1D model on two experimental sites (rain‐fed and irrigated) for three seasons under different N treatments. The results indicate that the effects of N depended on plant specific properties such as N‐fixation and drought tolerance, and on plant available water content governed by soil structure and rainfall seasonal variability. Maize WUE of plots which received 150 kg/ha of urea (46 N) were 10–30 kg/ha/mm higher than plots which received none; likewise, millet that received 50 kg/ha of urea had a 7–10 kg/ha/mm higher WUE than control plots in both experiments. However, differences in water cycle components were noticeable between N treatments only in the rain‐fed experiment, where higher N levels led to around 60 and 30 mm higher transpiration, 30 and 20 mm lower evaporation, and 30 and 15 mm lower percolation per season for maize and millet, respectively. In 2018, which was the driest year, the difference in maize WUE between the high and low N treatments was only 1 kg/ha/mm, which corresponded with low actual to potential transpiration ratios (). This indicates higher sensitivity of maize to water stress compared to the other crops. The results of lablab indicate a positive impact of N fertilization on WUE only under water‐limited conditions.
Restoration of intestinal continuity following emergency sigmoid colectomy for sigmoid volvulus: An American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis using coarsened exact matching
Authors: Yang Phillip , Ang Zhen Hao , Berney Christophe R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data to guide decision‐making between performing a primary anastomosis and fashioning an end colostomy following emergency sigmoid colectomy for patients with sigmoid volvulus. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of these two approaches.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database from 2006 to 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. Missing data were multiply imputed, and coarsened exact matching was performed to generate matched cohorts. Rates of major complications and other postoperative outcomes were evaluated among patients who had a primary anastomosis as compared with matched controls who had an end colostomy following emergency sigmoid colectomy.ResultsOverall, 4041 patients who had a primary anastomosis and 1240 who had an end colostomy met the inclusion criteria. After multiple imputation and coarsened exact matching, 895 patients who had a primary anastomosis had a matched control. The rate of major complications was lower in patients who had an end colostomy (33.2% vs. 36.7%), but this difference was not statistically significant (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70–1.05). Results were similar in subgroup analyses of higher‐risk patients. There were no significant differences in overall complication rate, mortality, length of hospital stay, or readmission rate. Patients with a colostomy were more likely to be discharged to a care facility (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09–1.67).ConclusionDifferences in rates of major complications and many other outcomes after primary anastomosis as compared with end colostomy were not statistically significant following emergency sigmoid colectomy for sigmoid volvulus.
Hall and viscous dissipation effects on mixed convective MHD heat absorbing flow due to an impulsively moving vertical porous plate with ramped surface temperature and concentration
Authors: Matao Paul Majani , Reddy Bijjula Prabhakar , Sunzu Jefta M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current investigation is purported on viscous heating dissipation and Hall consequences on mixed convection magneto‐hydrodynamic heat captivating fluid transmitting from an impulsively starting vertical porous plate with ramp surface temperature and concentration in the existence of chemical reaction and radiation. The dimensional flow dominating partial differential equations is translated into a non‐dimensional partial differential form by adopting appropriate variables and parameters. A finite element approach is driven to simplify the resulting dimensionless nonlinear linked partial differential equations with initial and boundary stipulates. The after‐effects of flow commanding parameters on the velocity components, temperature and concentration are broadly analysed graphically, whereas both primary and secondary shear stresses, heat and mass transferral rates close to the surface area of the plate are discussed in tables. The ultimate results of this research revealed that viscous heating dissipation, Hall current, and thermal and mass buoyancy responses intensify both velocity components, whereas the efficacy of magnetic fields and radiation degrade both velocity components. The temperature distribution devalues with increasing heat absorption and Prandtl number, but a contrary impulse was noted with viscous heating dissipation. Likewise, concentration distribution expands with time progress but decays with chemical reaction parameters. A comparative analysis among the current results and certain research studies in the literature manifests the results’ precision and correctness.
Study of mass and heat transfer for peristaltic transport of cross nanofluid through a curved channel
Authors: Iqbal Jamshaid , Abbasi Fahad Munir , Nawaz Rab 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanoparticles have significant applications in drug delivery systems, heat exchanges, treatment of several diseases and chemical reactions. The Cross non‐Newtonian nanofluid model for heat and mass transfer inspection with diethylene glycol‐based fluid is highlighted in this study. The magnesium aluminate nanoparticles are used to evaluate nanofluid characteristics. The current investigation explores the numerical results for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) peristaltic movement of Cross‐nanofluid via a curved channel under the influences of thermal radiation, heat sink/source and Joule heating. The effects of viscous dissipation, thermophoretic, variable thermal conductivity and Brownian diffusion coefficients in the presence of mass and thermal convection are also taken into consideration. Flow problem is modeled using fundamental conservation laws, and the resulting nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing long wavelength and a small Reynolds number approximations. Simplified systems of ODEs are addressed by adopting numerical technique via the NDSolve built‐in command in Mathematica. Furthermore, graphical presentations explain the behavior of relevant flow parameters. Results indicate that better values of the magnetic number and the thermophoresis parameter increase the rate of mass transfer. Results indicate that the nanofluid's temperature increases by improving values of the Brinkman number and falls with the thermal radiation parameter. It is also stated that the nanofluid's velocity reduces near the lower wall for greater values of Hartman number. Moreover, heat transfer rate improves for larger values of the heat generation parameter and curvature parameter.
Impact Logic: Social Innovation Categories for Cities’ Action Plans
Authors: Bresciani Sabrina , Rizzo Francesca , Mureddu Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHow can cities’ public administrators, policy makers or transition teams be supported in selecting and monitoring social innovation actions that support people-centred systemic solutions to reduce carbon emissions? Including social innovation in cities’ climate city contracts and action plans, requires decision makers to consider the impact logic and impact pathways: which social innovation initiatives could lead to expected outcomes? In order to develop such impact logic, it is necessary to define categories of social innovations that can be implemented in urban or reginal action plans, for then identifying indicators for each category.
Applying the Indicators in Cities
Authors: Bresciani Sabrina , Rizzo Francesca , Mureddu Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the previous chapters, over one thousand indicators for assessing the social innovation component of cities action plans have been presented, according to defined categories. The practical and theoretical implications of such catalogue of indicators are discussed, firstly providing concrete steps and checklists for deploying indicators in city by publica administrators, policy makers and transition teams members. Secondly, a set of 40 process indicators is provided to equip cities with questions for progressive evaluation and reflexive learning. Finally, theoretical implications and future directions are discussed.
Inflation correlators with multiple massive exchanges
Authors: Xianyu Zhong-Zhi , Zang Jiaju 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The most general tree-level boundary correlation functions of quantum fields in inflationary spacetime involve multiple exchanges of massive states in the bulk, which are technically difficult to compute due to the multi-layer nested time integrals in the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. On the other hand, correlators with multiple massive exchanges are well motivated in cosmological collider physics, with the original quasi-single-field inflation model as a notable example. In this work, with the partial Mellin-Barnes representation, we derive a simple rule, called family-tree decomposition, for directly writing down analytical answers for arbitrary nested time integrals in terms of multi-variable hypergeometric series. We present the derivation of this rule together with many explicit examples. This result allows us to obtain analytical expressions for general tree-level inflation correlators with multiple massive exchanges. As an example, we present the full analytical results for a range of tree correlators with two massive exchanges.
3d-3d correspondence and 2d $$\mathcal{N}$$ = (0, 2) boundary conditions
Authors: Chung Hee-Joong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We consider quiver forms that appear in the motivic Donaldson-Thomas generating series or characters of conformal field theories and relate them to 3d $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 2 theories on D2×q S1 with certain boundary conditions preserving 2d $$\mathcal{N}$$ = (0, 2) supersymmetry. We apply this to the 3d-3d correspondence and provide a Lagrangian description of 3d $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 2 theories T[M3] with 2d $$\mathcal{N}$$ = (0, 2) boundary conditions for 3-manifolds M3 in several contexts.
Dimensional reduction of the S3/WZW duality
Authors: Suzuki Kenta , Taki Yusuke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recently proposed duality relates the critical level limit $$\widehat{k}\to -2$$ of $${\text{SU}}{\left(2\right)}_{\widehat{k}}$$ WZW models to a classical three-dimensional Einstein gravity on a sphere. In this paper, we propose a dimensional reduced version of this duality. The gravity side is reduced to a Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity on S2 with a non-standard boundary term, or a BF theory with SU(2) gauge symmetry. At least in low temperature limit, these two-dimensional gravity theories completely capture the original three-dimensional gravity effect. The CFT side is reduced to a certain complex Liouville quantum mechanics (LQM) with SU(2) gauge symmetry. Our proposal gives an interesting example of a holography without boundary. We also discuss a higher-spin generalization with SU(N) gauge symmetry.
Sulfur isotopes in Archaean crustal reservoirs constrain the transport and deposition mechanisms of nickel-sulfides in komatiites
Authors: Virnes Anne B. , Fiorentini Marco L. , Caruso Stefano , Baublys Kim , Masurel Quentin , Thebaud Nicolas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAssimilation and prolonged suspension of crust-derived sulfide liquid in komatiites are essential to form Ni-rich mineralisation. Evaluating the spatial relationship between komatiite-hosted Ni mineralisation and crustal S sources may thus provide insights into mechanisms of transport, metal enrichment and deposition of assimilated sulfide liquid. This study applied facies analysis and S isotopes to sulfides in Ni-mineralised komatiites and stratigraphically underlying bimodal volcanic-volcaniclastic and sedimentary rocks, which formed during rifting in the Agnew-Wiluna Greenstone Belt, Western Australia. The results revealed a lateral variation from rift-distal sedimentary sulfides, through sulfidic BIF, to rift-proximal VMS-style sulfides, the latter of which was predominantly assimilated by komatiites. Both crustal and komatiite-hosted sulfides were overprinted by granite-related skarn alteration during later basin inversion. Spatial S isotopes correlation revealed that Ni mineralisation in komatiites predominantly formed < 5 km from their crustal S sources, excluding long lateral transport as the main metal enrichment mechanism. Rather, metal enrichment likely happened through multiple cycles of sulfide entrapment and entrainment in lava flow vortices that formed in the wake of topographic steps represented by syn-rift faults. These faults were the main loci for pre-existing crustal weaknesses, hydrothermal fluid circulation, and VMS-style sulfide deposition, which were subsequently utilised by komatiites for enhanced thermo-mechanical erosion and crustal sulfide assimilation. This study shows that proximity to the syn-rift faults was the dominant control on the formation of komatiite-hosted Ni–sulfide mineralisation, regardless of substrate lithology. The S isotope signatures of crustal sulfides may be used as a proxy to identify syn-rift faults in highly deformed terranes.
On prediction-modelers and decision-makers: why fairness requires more than a fair prediction model
Authors: Scantamburlo Teresa , Baumann Joachim , Heitz Christoph 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn implicit ambiguity in the field of prediction-based decision-making concerns the relation between the concepts of prediction and decision. Much of the literature in the field tends to blur the boundaries between the two concepts and often simply refers to ‘fair prediction’. In this paper, we point out that a differentiation of these concepts is helpful when trying to implement algorithmic fairness. Even if fairness properties are related to the features of the used prediction model, what is more properly called ‘fair’ or ‘unfair’ is a decision system, not a prediction model. This is because fairness is about the consequences on human lives, created by a decision, not by a prediction. In this paper, we clarify the distinction between the concepts of prediction and decision and show the different ways in which these two elements influence the final fairness properties of a prediction-based decision system. As well as discussing this relationship both from a conceptual and a practical point of view, we propose a framework that enables a better understanding and reasoning of the conceptual logic of creating fairness in prediction-based decision-making. In our framework, we specify different roles, namely the ‘prediction-modeler’ and the ‘decision-maker,’ and the information required from each of them for being able to implement fairness of the system. Our framework allows for deriving distinct responsibilities for both roles and discussing some insights related to ethical and legal requirements. Our contribution is twofold. First, we offer a new perspective shifting the focus from an abstract concept of algorithmic fairness to the concrete context-dependent nature of algorithmic decision-making, where different actors exist, can have different goals, and may act independently. In addition, we provide a conceptual framework that can help structure prediction-based decision problems with respect to fairness issues, identify responsibilities, and implement fairness governance mechanisms in real-world scenarios.
Semi-linear parabolic equations on homogenous Lie groups arising from mean field games
Authors: Mannucci Paola , Marchi Claudio , Mendico Cristian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe existence and the uniqueness of solutions to some semilinear parabolic equations on homogeneous Lie groups, namely, the Fokker–Planck equation and the Hamilton–Jacobi equation, are addressed. The anisotropic geometry of the state space plays a crucial role in our analysis and creates several issues that need to be overcome. Indeed, the ellipticity directions span, at any point, subspaces of dimension strictly less than the dimension of the state space. Finally, the above results are used to obtain the short-time existence of classical solutions to the mean field games system defined on an homogenous Lie group.
Free boundary problems of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with non-flat initial surface in the critical Besov space
Authors: Ogawa Takayoshi , Shimizu Senjo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobal well-posedness of the Navier–Stokes equations with a free boundary condition is considered in the scaling critical homogeneous Besov spaces $${\dot{B}}_{p,1}^{-1+n/p}({\mathbb {R}}^n_+)$$

B
˙

p
,
1

-
1
+
n
/
p

(

R

+
n

)

with $$n-1< p< 2n-1$$

n
-
1
<
p
<
2
n
-
1

. To show the global well-posedness, we establish end-point maximal $$L^1$$

L
1

-regularity for the initial-boundary value problem of the Stokes equations. Such an estimate is obtained via related estimate for the initial-boundary value problem of the heat equation with the inhomogeneous Neumann data as well as the pressure estimate in the critical Besov space framework. The proof heavily depends on the explicit expression of the fundamental integral kernel of the Lagrange transformed linearized Stokes equations and the almost orthogonal estimates with the space-time Littlewood–Paley dyadic decompositions. Our result here improves the initial space and boundary state than previous results by Danchin–Hieber–Mucha–Tolksdorf (Free boundary problems via Da Prato–Grisvard theory. arXiv:2011.07918v2) and ourselves (Ogawa and Shimizu in J Evol Equ 22(30):67, 2022; Ogawa and Shimizu in J Math Soc Jpn. arXiv:2211.06952v3).