bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion compensated cone-beam CT reconstruction using an a priori motion model from CT simulation: a pilot study
Authors: Lauria Michael , Miller Claudia , Singhrao Kamal , Lewis John , Lin Weicheng , O’Connell Dylan , Naumann Louise , Stiehl Bradley , Santhanam Anand , Boyle Peter , Raldow Ann C , Goldin Jonathan , Barjaktarevic Igor , Low Daniel A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. To combat the motion artifacts present in traditional 4D-CBCT reconstruction, an iterative technique known as the motion-compensated simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (MC-SART) was previously developed. MC-SART employs a 4D-CBCT reconstruction to obtain an initial model, which suffers from a lack of sufficient projections in each bin. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of introducing a motion model acquired during CT simulation to MC-SART, coined model-based CBCT (MB-CBCT). Approach. For each of 5 patients, we acquired 5DCTs during simulation and pre-treatment CBCTs with a simultaneous breathing surrogate. We cross-calibrated the 5DCT and CBCT breathing waveforms by matching the diaphragms and employed the 5DCT motion model parameters for MC-SART. We introduced the Amplitude Reassignment Motion Modeling technique, which measures the ability of the model to control diaphragm sharpness by reassigning projection amplitudes with varying resolution. We evaluated the sharpness of tumors and compared them between MB-CBCT and 4D-CBCT. We quantified sharpness by fitting an error function across anatomical boundaries. Furthermore, we compared our MB-CBCT approach to the traditional MC-SART approach. We evaluated MB-CBCT’s robustness over time by reconstructing multiple fractions for each patient and measuring consistency in tumor centroid locations between 4D-CBCT and MB-CBCT. Main results. We found that the diaphragm sharpness rose consistently with increasing amplitude resolution for 4/5 patients. We observed consistently high image quality across multiple fractions, and observed stable tumor centroids with an average 0.74 ± 0.31 mm difference between the 4D-CBCT and MB-CBCT. Overall, vast improvements over 3D-CBCT and 4D-CBCT were demonstrated by our MB-CBCT technique in terms of both diaphragm sharpness and overall image quality. Significance. This work is an important extension of the MC-SART technique. We demonstrated the ability of a priori 5DCT models to provide motion compensation for CBCT reconstruction. We showed improvements in image quality over both 4D-CBCT and the traditional MC-SART approach.
Enhancements of electrical properties and positive bias instability in self-aligned top-gate a-IGZO TFTs by hydrogen incorporation
Authors: Liu Yuan-Ming , Chiu Jih-Chao , Chen Yu-Ciao , Fan Yu-Cheng , Ma Rong-Wei , Yen Chia-Chun , Chen Tsang-Long , Chou Cheng-Hsu , Liu C W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Flow rate effects of the silane (SiH4) and ammonia (NH3) on the top gate insulator and the cap layer in self-aligned top-gate amorphous InGaZnO thin film transistors are investigated. The hydrogen density increases with increasing SiH4 and NH3 flow rates. Hydrogen passivation can improve the field-effect mobility, subthreshold swing (S.S.), hysteresis. The positive bias instability is also improved by hydrogen incorporation. However, the overabundance of hydrogen causes the significant negative threshold voltage shift under negative bias illumination stress (NBIS). Moreover, the most deteriorated S.S. and hysteresis shift after NBIS occur in the TFT with the most hydrogen source.
Enhanced scintillation performance of Cu-doped β-Ga2O3 single crystals grown by floating-zone method
Authors: Fan Qing , Wang Lixiang , Gao Xu , Yan Yuchao , Li Ming , Jin Zhu , Fang Yanjun , Xia Ning , Zhang Hui , Yang Deren 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As a booming semiconductor material, β-Ga2O3 with an ultra-wide bandgap of 4.8 eV exhibits several advantages in scintillators including high stability and low self-absorption. To further improve the scintillator performance, we grew unintentionally doped, Cu-, Fe-, Mg-, and Si-doped β-Ga2O3 substrates using the floating zone method. The 0.1 mol% Cu-doped β-Ga2O3 exhibits the highest light yield of 6957 ph MeV−1 with a good linear response, which represents better predictability and stability for the input x-ray energy. Photoluminescence shows peak emission around 425 nm under the excitation of 254 nm. All the results show that Cu-doped β-Ga2O3 makes an effective scintillator with excellent light yield, and is an alternative for the high-performance ionizing radiation detectors.
Model-based linear control of nonlinear pneumatic soft bending actuators
Authors: Wang Jiajin , Xu Baoguo , Lai Jianwei , Wang Xin , Lu Ye , Hu Cong , Li Huijun , Song Aiguo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Advanced model-based control techniques hold great promise for the precise control of pneumatic soft bending actuators (PSBAs) with strong nonlinearities. However, most previous controllers were designed in a cumbersome nonlinear form. Considering the simplicity of linear system theory, this paper presents a novel perspective on using model-based linear control to handle nonlinear PSBAs, and for the first time, summarizes two methodologies, global linearization and pseudo-linear construction. Derived from them, Koopman-based and hysteresis-based linear control approaches are proposed, respectively. For the former, a novel fusion prediction equation is developed to build a high-fidelity Koopman model, realizing global linearization, and then the linear model predictive control (MPC) is deployed. For the latter, the inverse of the generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii (GPI) model cascades with the PSBA to construct a pseudo-linear system, eliminating the asymmetric hysteresis, which activates the linear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. It is worth noting that the above two are based on data-driven models adapted to various PSBAs with material and structural customization. Finally, the two model-based linear control approaches are verified and compared through a series of experiments. The results show that the proposed linear controls, with more concise designs, achieve comparable or even superior performance than nonlinear controls.
Research on a rotary piezoelectric energy harvester based on movable magnets
Authors: Han Yuhang , Wang Chensheng , Sun Lei , Wang Hongxin , Yang Bowen , He Lipeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A hybrid energy harvester (HEH) is designed using a movable magnet to harvest the mechanical energy for rotational motion. One movement of the movable magnet can generate electricity from piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) and electromagnetic generators (EMG), improving the energy conversion efficiency of HEH. The main factors affecting the motion characteristics of active magnets (number of magnets and magnet diameter) are illustrated through theoretical modeling and simulation, and the voltage characteristics of EMG and vibration characteristics of PENG are analyzed. According to the main factors affecting the motion characteristics, the experimental testing system was set up. The results show that the voltage of PENG and EMG can be up to 6.55 V and 1.37 V, respectively as the magnet diameter is 10 mm and the number of magnets is 5. The maximum power of PENG is 2.4 mW at 30 kΩ, and the power of EMG is 0.49 mW at 4 kΩ. The application experiment also proves the feasibility of the practical application of R-PEH, which provides a new solution for the research of hybrid energy harvesting systems.
Tunable chiral bound states in a dimer chain of coupled resonators
Authors: Li Jing , Lu Jing , Gong Z R , Zhou Lan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study an excitation hopping on a one-dimensional (1D) dimer chain of coupled resonators with the alternate on-site photon energies, which interacts with a two-level emitter (TLE) by a coupling point or two adjacent coupling points. In the single-excitation subspace, this system not only possesses two energy bands with propagating states, but also possesses photonic bound states. The number of bound states depends on the coupling forms between the TLE and the dimer chain. It is found that when the TLE is locally coupled to one resonator of the dimer chain, the bound-state that has mirror reflection symmetry. When the TLE is nonlocally coupled to two adjacent resonators, three bound states with preferred direction arise due to the mirror symmetry breaking. By using chirality to measure the asymmetry, it is found that the chirality of these bound states can be tuned by changing the energy differences of single photon in the adjacent resonators, the coupling strengths and the transition energy of the TLE.
Nonlocal correlations in quantum networks distributed with different entangled states
Authors: Hsu Li-Yi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We initiate the study of the nonlocal correlations in generic asymmetric quantum networks in a star configuration. Therein, the diverse unrelated sources can emit either partially or maximally entangled states, while the observers employ varying numbers of measurement settings. We propose nonlinear Bell inequalities tailored to the distributed entangled states. Specifically, we demonstrate that the algebraic maximal violations of the proposed nonlinear Bell inequalities are physically achievable within the quantum region. To achieve this, we construct the segmented Bell operators through the cut-graft-mix method applied to the Bell operators in the standard Bell tests. Furthermore, we devise the fitting Bell operators using the sum-of-square approach.
Characteristics of low-pressure-plasma-processed NiRu-MOFs/nickel foam for Hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yu Shuo-En , Wang Ying-Chyi , Tseng Chia-Yun , Cheng I-Chun , Chen Jian-Zhang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
NiRu bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (NiRu-MOFs) are grown by a simple hydrothermal method on nickel foam (NF) as an the electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Low-pressure plasmas of pure Ar, 95%Ar + 5%H2, and 95% Ar + 5%O2 are used for the post-treatment of the NiRu-MOFs. NiRu-MOFs-AO with post-plasma treatment with 95%Ar + 5%O2 show the lowest overpotential of 123.3 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 72.0 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate that post-plasma treatment can further reduce the charge transfer resistance. Moreover, the electric double-layer capacitance (Cdl) is calculated based on the cyclic voltammetry results, and the electrocatalyst subjected to 95%Ar + 5%O2 post-plasma treatment shows a 2Cdl value of 3.69 mF/cm2, suggesting a larger electrochemically active surface area after oxygen-containing-plasma treatment.
Molecular dynamics simulation of intergranular fracture in austenitic steel containing precipitation
Authors: Wei Limin , Wang Shuo , Hao Weixun , Liu Yong , Zhu Jingchuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is applied to study the crack propagation in austenitic steel containing precipitation. Based on the experimental results, models containing precipitation with two shapes and three volume fractions are constructed. The interactions of the crack with precipitation, dislocation, twin and stacking faults are investigated. It demonstrates that the crack propagation process is strongly related to the temperature and the characteristic parameter of the precipitation. However, the microstructure evolution and dislocation emission are more affected by the temperature. At the same temperature, the initial emission position of the dislocation is changed due to the variation of the precipitation shape. It also indicates that the peak dislocation density is weakly correlated with the single characteristic parameter of the precipitation. Combined with the variation of the crack propagation rate and the peak dislocation density with temperature, it illustrates a negative relationship between these two results.
Nonlinear delay difference equation with bistability as a new traffic flow model
Authors: Okamoto Kazuya , Miyaji Tomoyuki , Tomoeda Akiyasu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We propose an improved version of the Rule-184 fuzzy cellular automaton model for describing the key properties of real-world traffic flow. A crucial aspect of modeling involves incorporating the time delay caused by vehicles’ inertia and reaction time in a nonlinear difference equation. Specifically, the effect of time delay was incorporated into the model’s transition rates as an internal form. We then conducted a bifurcation analysis to investigate whether this model has important properties for representing traffic flow. The analysis results indicate that the proposed model exhibits bistability at a certain density region, in which both free and jamming flows coexist. Furthermore, the uniform solution was stable at all densities depending on the values of the parameters included in the model.
High-performance rGO@CNTs@AgNbS nanocomposite electrode material for hybrid supercapacitor and electrochemical glucose sensor
Authors: Yasmeen Aneeqa , Imran Muhammad , Akram Javaria , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Mumtaz Sohail , Muzaffar Nimra , Habila Mohamed A , Safdar Samia , Ahmad Zubair 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Due to its outstanding ability to store energy, the hybrid energy storage system known as the supercapattery has attained a lot of attention. These devices give extraordinary power and energy densities than supercapacitors and batteries. In this research, a hydrothermal method is used to synthesize a composite material with equal amounts of both components (a 50/50 weight ratio) of silver niobium sulfide and doped with rGO@CNT. Its potential is evaluated using a variety of electrochemical investigations, including galvanostatic charge–discharge and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The rGO@CNT@AgNbS is considered the most attractive material for electrodes based on the electrochemical analysis results, with a specific capacity of 2750 C/g. Additional investigations, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), XRD, SEM, and a 15000-cycle stability test, are carried out to better understand this asymmetric device. The device displayed a significant energy density of 65 Wh kg−1 and a fantastic power density of 2229 W /k g . Besides, the composite devices are used as an electrochemical glucose sensor to detect glucose. The device showed an extraordinary sensitivity (greater than 95%) up to a small level of glucose. This study demonstrates the excellent achievement of composite rGO@CNT@AgNbS electrodes for supercapattery applications, with tremendous power and energy densities.
Enhanced structural, optical and electrical properties of polycrystalline WO3 thin films achieved by aluminum nanosheets coating
Authors: Qasrawi A F , Khanfar Hazem K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Herein the effects of aluminum nanosheets on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of tungsten oxide thin films are reported. Polycrystalline phase of the thermally evaporated WO3 was achieved by the pulsed laser welding technique. The polycrystalline films are then coated with Al nanosheets of thicknesses of 100 nm and 150 nm by the ion coating technique. It is observed that Al induces the domination of the hexagonal structure of WO3 over the tetragonal. Associated with the enhanced crystallinity the light absorption in the films increased by more than 60% and the energy band gap narrowed significantly. Namely the energy band gap of the as grown WO3 decreased from 3.15 eV to 2.85 eV and 2.59 eV as the Al layer thickness increased from 100 to 150 nm, respectively. It is also observed that crystalline films of WO3 exhibited lower electrical resistivity compared to films fabricated by other techniques. The temperature dependent electrical resistivity measurement was carried out in the temperature range of 310–420 K. It showed room temperature values of 2.5 (

Ω

cm), 2.2 (

Ω

cm) and 1.9 (

Ω

cm) and impurity levels centered at 0.25 eV, 0.34 eV and 0.16 eV for uncoated and films coated with Al nanosheets of thicknesses of 100 nm and 150 nm, respectively. The enhanced crystallinity that is accompanied with narrower energy band gap and lower electrical resistivity values make crystalline WO3 films promising for optoelectronic applications.
Cross sections of cascade production of photoions after photoionization of the iodine atom in the 0.01–100 keV incident photon energy range
Authors: Chaynikov A P , Kochur A G , Dudenko A I 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ion yields upon the cascade decays of single vacancies in K to O shells of an isolated iodine atom are calculated by the method of construction and analysis of the cascade decay trees. Branching ratios needed for the simulations are calculated based on Pauli–Fock partial transition widths. Partial photoionization cross sections are calculated with accounting for the core relaxation effect and used to calculate the cross sections of I
q+ photoions production in the 0.01–100 keV incident photon energy range. Accounting for the spin–orbit splitting and the splitting due to electron–electron interaction is shown to be important when calculating mean energies and probabilities of the transitions between energetically closely lying ionic configurations. On the other hand, inclusion of the additional shake-off electron ejections, in spite of complicating severely the decay trees, is found to affect little calculated cascade ions production probabilities.
Kinetic numerical analysis of electromagnetic ion cyclotron instability in non-thermal Vasyliunas-Cairns distributed plasmas
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Ahsan , Rehman Aman-ur , Ahmad Mushtaq , Sarfraz Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad , Mahmood Shahzad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Enhanced fluctuations driven by non-thermal features of particle-distributions are reported frequently in the variety of space plasma observations. In the rare-collisional plasmas, these amplified fluctuations scatter the particles in various direction and governs the dynamics of space plasma environments effectively. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves usually responsible for low frequency interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations. These are natural emissions in numerous natural environments of plasmas which usually operates underneath the ion/proton cyclotron frequencies. These are identified as left hand circular polarization (L-mode) with a propagation directed towards the ambient magnetic field. Various space missions and in situ measurements unveil the perpendicular temperature anisotropies of non-thermal populations of ions/protons i.e. in heliospheric regions and solar wind. These proton temperature anisotropies excite EMIC instability which in turn the pitch angle scatters the ions and restrained the anisotropy in certain ranges. In Vasyliunas-Cairns distributed hybrid non-thermal electromagnetic proton plasma, the transverse dielectric response function (TDERF) is calculated for L-mode. It is then numerically solved in order to show the impact of non-thermal populations due to non-thermal parameters α and κ on the dispersion and growth rates of EMIC instability in low and high plasma beta β regimes. Possible variation in the real oscillatory and imaginary frequencies spectrum is also analyzed with the variation in the values of other pertinent parameters i.e. temperature anisotropy τ and β. The parametric numerical analysis of the present work has relevance about that plasma phenomena of space regions where non-thermal distributed populations are prevalent.
Novel setup for detecting short-range anisotropic corrections to gravity
Authors: Bobowski Jake S , Patel Hrishikesh , Faizal Mir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper we argue that, even though there are strong theoretical and empirical reasons to expect a violation of spatial isotropy at short distances, contemporary setups for probing gravitational interactions at short distances have not been configured to measure such spatial anisotropies. We propose a simple modification to the state-of-the-art torsion pendulum design and numerically demonstrate that it suppresses signals due to the large spatially-isotropic component of the gravitational force while maintaining a high sensitivity to short-range spatial anisotropies. We incorporate anisotropy using both Yukawa-type and power-law-type short-distance corrections to gravity. The proposed differential torsion pendulum is shown to be capable of making sensitive measurements of small gravitational anisotropies and the resulting anisotropic torques are largely independent of the details of the underlying short-distance modification to gravity. Thus, if there is an anisotropic modification to gravity, from any theory, in any form of the modified potential, the proposed setup provides a practical means of detecting it.
The Science Performance of the Gemini High Resolution Optical Spectrograph
Authors: McConnachie Alan W. , Hayes Christian R. , Robertson J. Gordon , Pazder John , Ireland Michael , Burley Greg , Churilov Vladimir , Lothrop Jordan , Zhelem Ross , Kalari Venu , Anthony André , Baker Gabriella , Berg Trystyn , Chapin Edward L. , Chin Timothy , Densmore Adam , Diaz Ruben , Dunn Jennifer , Edgar Michael L. , Farrell Tony , Firpo Veronica , Fuentes Javier , Gomez-Jimenez Manuel , Hardy Tim , Henderson David , Hill Alexis , Labrie Kathleen , Jensen Jaclyn , Lambert Sam , Lawrence Jon , Macdonald G. Scott , Margheim Steven , Millar Bryan , Muller Rolf , Nielsen Jon G. , Pérez Gabriel , Quiroz Carlos , Ruiz-Carmona Roque , Sebo Kim M. , Sestito Federico , Silva Kareleyne , Simpson Chris , Smith Greg , Venkatesan Sudharshan , Waller Fletcher , Waller Lewis , Wevers Ivan , Venn Kim A. , Young Peter , Silversides Katherine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Gemini High Resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) is a fiber-fed spectrograph system on the Gemini South telescope that provides simultaneous wavelength coverage from 348 to 1061 nm, and is designed for optimal performance between 363 and 950 nm. It can observe up to two objects simultaneously in a 7.′5 diameter field of regard at R ≃ 56,000 or a single object at R ≃ 75,000. The spectral resolution modes are obtained by using integral field units to image slice a 1.″2 aperture by a factor of five in width using 19 fibers in the high resolution mode and by a factor of three in width using 7 fibers in the standard resolution mode. GHOST is equipped with hardware to allow for precision radial velocity measurements, expected to approach meters per second precision. Here, we describe the basic design and operational capabilities of GHOST, and proceed to derive and quantify the key aspects of its on-sky performance that are of most relevance to its science users.
Pattern effect suppression of pulse signals based on pre-signal control method
Authors: Wang Yifan , Guo Meng , Lu Zehui , Yao Yuan , Zhang Hao , Liu Bo , Duan Shaoxiang , Liu Haifeng , Lin Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
By using the pre-signal light as the control light, we propose a method to suppress the transient effect of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for low-frequency pulse signals. The pattern effect of the pulse signals within the low frequency range (400–1000 Hz) and 1550 nm band is relieved, and the optical surge coefficient Cs decreases to about 0.54 dB. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performances in suppressing pattern effect in comparison with the conventional continuous light control scheme and higher output gain compared to the compensation pulsed light method. Our proposed pattern effect suppression approach based on the pre-signal control method is anticipated to find promising applications in the field of optical communications.