bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claudin18.2 expression and its clinicopathological feature in adenocarcinoma from various parts
Authors: Yan Pingping , Dong Yu , Zhang Fenfen , Zhen Tiantian , Liang Jiangtao , Shi Huijuan , Han Anjia 
Published: March 2024

AimsTo clarify claudin18.2 expression and its clinicopathological features in various cancers, especially in lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsImmunohistochemistry staining and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) were performed to detect claudin18.2 expression andCLDN18gene rearrangement in adenocarcinoma from different organs.ResultsThe results showed that claudin18.2 expression was found in 68% (27 of 40) of lung mucinous adenocarcinoma, 52% (16 of 31) of cholangiocarcinoma, 2% (10 of 423) of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue microarray, 27% (6 of 22) of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma and 30% (3 of 10) of cervical adenocarcinoma, but not in all 39 cases of invasive breast adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry staining. There was significantly positive correlation between ratio of claudin18.2-positive carcinoma cells and staining intensity in lung mucinous adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Claudin18.2 expression was much more in female patients than male patients with lung mucinous adenocarcinoma. In addition, cholangiocarcinoma with claudin18.2 expression was more aggressive and had perineural invasion. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct and epithelial dysplasia of the adjacent bile in cholangiocarcinoma also showed claudin18.2 expression. All three cases of cervical adenocarcinoma with claudin18.2 expression were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma including one human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated carcinoma, two non-HPV-associated and gastric-type carcinoma.CLDN18gene rearrangement was not found in all 22 cases with high claudin18.2 expression by FISH.ConclusionsOur results suggest claudin18.2 might be a potential biomarker for targeted therapy on lung mucinous adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma and gastric-type cervical adenocarcinoma.
Red Capitalism and Neoliberal Authoritarianism
Authors: Mahdavi Mojtaba 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The rise of the brics block has contributed to the emergence of a “multiplex world”. This shift in power dynamics has revealed the crisis of the existing liberal international order, a relative decline in the U.S. power, and a gradual transition towards a post-American order. This article examines the dynamics of Sino-mena relations in a “multiplex world” where both the U.S. and the mena states have chosen “The Look East” policy. The U.S.-China geopolitical rivalry explains a shift in the U.S. foreign policy from the Middle East toward the Far East. The Middle East’s “Look East Policy”, however, is largely due to the needs for an alternative global partner. This article examines three pillars of the Sino-mena relations: the first pillar pertains to a broad category of energy, trade, investment, arms deal, security and geostrategic significance. The second pillar is centred around the Chinese policy of no military intervention and respecting the state sovereignty. The third pillar is pertinent to the “Chinese Model of Development” and what it means for the mena. It examines whether such relations might consolidate autocratic capitalism and neoliberalism without democracy and, or benefit mena civil societies’ quest for a grassroots and egalitarian development and democracy.
النّحو الكلّي والاكتساب الفطري لبعض المقاييس في العربيّة التونسيّة: مقاربة لسانيّة أحيائيّة لحالات عينيّة
Authors: المكّي سميّة 
Published: March 2024

الملخّص
تدرس اللّسانيّات الأحيائيّة اللّغةَ من حيث هي نظام عرفانيّ ذو أساس أحيائيّ يكون فيه للتّجهيز الوراثي الدّور الأساسيّ في نموّ اللّغة لدى الأفراد. وما يشرّع لدراسة اللّغة من هذه المساحة البينيّة القائمة بين اللسانيّات وعلوم الأحياء السّرعةُ المذهلةُ التي تسِم مرحلة الاكتساب اللّغوي عند الطّفل، إذ يحدث ذلك بصورة عفويّة دون بذل أيّ مجهود. وهي ظاهرة تفسّرها اللّسانيّات الأحيائيّة بامتلاك الطّفل تجهيزًا أحيائيًّا مسبقًا أطلقت عليه النّحو الكلّيّ. ويتكوّن هذا النّحو من المبادئ المشتركة بين الألسن البشريّة والمختزنة في الذّهن البشري. ويحتوي، إضافة إلى ذلك، مجموعة محدودة من الاختيارات المُفضية إلى التّنوّع اللّساني. فينتقي الطّفل على امتداد فترة الاكتساب مجموعة المقاييس المتوافقة مع التّجربة اللّسانيّة التي يخوضها. لكن قبل تثبيت تلك المقاييس، نلاحظ أنّ الطّفل في سنتيه الثّانية والثّالثة، على وجه الخصوص، ينتج أبنية وعبارات تبدو للمتكلّم الرّاشد “لانحويّة”، والحال أنّ الطّفل آنذاك يتكلّم بتشغيل مبادئ فطريّة بكلّ ما تتيحه من تنوّع ممكن. ذاك ما سنبيّنه من خلال دراسة اكتساب الطّفل للعربيّة التّونسيّة عبر معالجة اختباريّة لظاهرة التّطابق والاستفهام الميمي الطّويل المدى، موجّهين في ذلك بنظريّة النّحو الكلّيّ التي ترى أنّ الكلّيّات اللّسانيّة وتمثيلاتها تظلّ متاحة للطّفل على امتداد مراحل الاكتساب الأولى ولا يطرأ عليها أيّ تغيير، بل هي القدرات النّحويّة ذاتُها المتاحة للكهل. والهدف من ذلك الاستدلالُ الاختباريُّ على وجاهة الأطروحة الفطريّة في مقاربة الاكتساب اللغوي‪.‬
Generation Mechanisms of SST Anomalies Associated with the Canonical El Niño Focusing on Vertical Mixing
Authors: Nakamura Kouya , Kido Shoichiro , Ijichi Takashi , Tozuka Tomoki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The mean vertical advection of anomalous vertical temperature gradient is considered the dominant generation mechanism of positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the canonical El Niño. However, most past studies had a residual term in their heat budget analysis and/or did not quantify the role of vertical mixing even though active vertical turbulent mixing in the upper ocean is observed in the eastern equatorial Pacific. To quantitatively assess the importance of vertical mixing, a mixed layer heat budget analysis is performed using a hindcast simulation forced by daily mean atmospheric reanalysis data. It is found that when the mixed layer depth is defined as the depth at which potential density increases by 0.125 kg m−3 from the sea surface, the development of positive SST anomalies is predominantly governed by reductions in the cooling by vertical mixing, and their magnitude is much larger than those by vertical advection. The anomalous warming by vertical mixing may be partly explained by an anomalous deepening of the thermocline that leads to a decrease in the vertical temperature gradient, giving rise to suppression of the climatological cooling by vertical mixing. Also, an anomalously thick mixed layer reduces sensitivity to cooling by the mean vertical mixing and contributes to the anomalous SST warming. On the other hand, the dominant negative feedbacks are attributed to both anomalous surface heat loss and anomalous deepening of the mixed layer that weakens warming by the mean surface heat flux.
SARS-CoV-2 infection modifies the transcriptome of the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
Authors: Allaeys Isabelle , Lemaire Guillaume , Leclercq Mickaël , Lacasse Emile , Fleury Maude , Dubuc Isabelle , Gudimard Leslie , Puhm Florian , Tilburg Julia , Stone Andrew , Machlus Kellie R. , Droit Arnaud , Flamand Louis , Boilard Eric 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs), integral to platelet production, predominantly reside in the bone marrow (BM) and undergo regulated fragmentation within sinusoid vessels to release platelets into the bloodstream. Inflammatory states and infections influence MK transcription, potentially affecting platelet functionality. Notably, COVID-19 has been associated with altered platelet transcriptomes. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection could affect the transcriptome of BM MKs. Using spatial transcriptomics to discriminate subpopulations of MKs based on proximity to BM sinusoids, we identified ∼19 000 genes in MKs. Machine learning techniques revealed that the transcriptome of healthy murine BM MKs exhibited minimal differences based on proximity to sinusoid vessels. Furthermore, at peak SARS-CoV-2 viremia, when the disease primarily affected the lungs, MKs were not significantly different from those from healthy mice. Conversely, a significant divergence in the MK transcriptome was observed during systemic inflammation, although SARS-CoV-2 RNA was never detected in the BM, and it was no longer detectable in the lungs. Under these conditions, the MK transcriptional landscape was enriched in pathways associated with histone modifications, MK differentiation, NETosis, and autoimmunity, which could not be explained by cell proximity to sinusoid vessels. Notably, the type I interferon signature and calprotectin (S100A8/A9) were not induced in MKs under any condition. However, inflammatory cytokines induced in the blood and lungs of COVID-19 mice were different from those found in the BM, suggesting a discriminating impact of inflammation on this specific subset of cells. Collectively, our data indicate that a new population of BM MKs may emerge through COVID-19–related pathogenesis.
GraphKM: machine and deep learning for KM prediction of wildtype and mutant enzymes
Authors: He Xiao , Yan Ming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMichaelis constant (KM) is one of essential parameters for enzymes kinetics in the fields of protein engineering, enzyme engineering, and synthetic biology. As overwhelming experimental measurements of KM are difficult and time-consuming, prediction of the KM values from machine and deep learning models would increase the pace of the enzymes kinetics studies. Existing machine and deep learning models are limited to the specific enzymes, i.e., a minority of enzymes or wildtype enzymes. Here, we used a deep learning framework PaddlePaddle to implement a machine and deep learning approach (GraphKM) for KM prediction of wildtype and mutant enzymes. GraphKM is composed by graph neural networks (GNN), fully connected layers and gradient boosting framework. We represented the substrates through molecular graph and the enzymes through a pretrained transformer-based language model to construct the model inputs. We compared the difference of the model results made by the different GNN (GIN, GAT, GCN, and GAT-GCN). The GAT-GCN-based model generally outperformed. To evaluate the prediction performance of the GraphKM and other reported KM prediction models, we collected an independent KM dataset (HXKm) from literatures.
Optimal futility stopping boundaries for binary endpoints
Authors: Freitag Michaela Maria , Li Xieran , Rauch Geraldine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Group sequential designs incorporating the option to stop for futility at the time point of an interim analysis can save time and resources. Thereby, the choice of the futility boundary importantly impacts the design’s resulting performance characteristics, including the power and probability to correctly or wrongly stop for futility. Several authors contributed to the topic of selecting good futility boundaries. For binary endpoints, Simon’s designs (Control Clin Trials 10:1–10, 1989) are commonly used two-stage designs for single-arm phase II studies incorporating futility stopping. However, Simon’s optimal design frequently yields an undesirably high probability of falsely declaring futility after the first stage, and in Simon’s minimax design often a high proportion of the planned sample size is already evaluated at the interim analysis leaving only limited benefit in case of an early stop.

Methods
This work focuses on the optimality criteria introduced by Schüler et al. (BMC Med Res Methodol 17:119, 2017) and extends their approach to binary endpoints in single-arm phase II studies. An algorithm for deriving optimized futility boundaries is introduced, and the performance of study designs implementing this concept of optimal futility boundaries is compared to the common Simon’s minimax and optimal designs, as well as modified versions of these designs by Kim et al. (Oncotarget 10:4255–61, 2019).

Results
The introduced optimized futility boundaries aim to maximize the probability of correctly stopping for futility in case of small or opposite effects while also setting constraints on the time point of the interim analysis, the power loss, and the probability of stopping the study wrongly, i.e. stopping the study even though the treatment effect shows promise. Overall, the operating characteristics, such as maximum sample size and expected sample size, are comparable to those of the classical and modified Simon’s designs and sometimes better. Unlike Simon’s designs, which have binding stopping rules, the optimized futility boundaries proposed here are not adjusted to exhaust the full targeted nominal significance level and are thus still valid for non-binding applications.

Conclusions
The choice of the futility boundary and the time point of the interim analysis have a major impact on the properties of the study design. Therefore, they should be thoroughly investigated at the planning stage. The introduced method of selecting optimal futility boundaries provides a more flexible alternative to Simon’s designs with non-binding stopping rules. The probability of wrongly stopping for futility is minimized and the optimized futility boundaries don’t exhibit the unfavorable properties of an undesirably high probability of falsely declaring futility or a high proportion of the planned sample evaluated at the interim time point.
Predictive characteristics and model development for acute heart failure preceding hip fracture surgery in elderly hypertensive patients: a retrospective machine learning approach
Authors: Yu Qili , Fu Mingming , Wang Zhiqian , Hou Zhiyong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Hip fractures are a serious health concern among the elderly, particularly in patients with hypertension, where the incidence of acute heart failure preoperatively is high, significantly affecting surgical outcomes and prognosis. This study aims to assess the risk of preoperative acute heart failure in elderly patients with hypertension and hip fractures by constructing a predictive model using machine learning on potential risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective study design was employed, collecting preoperative data from January 2018 to December 2019 of elderly hypertensive patients with hip fractures at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Using SPSS 24.0 and R software, predictive models were established through LASSO regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The models' predictive performance was evaluated using metrics such as the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), and decision curve analysis (DCA), providing insights into the nomogram's predictive accuracy and clinical utility.

Results
Out of 1038 patients screened, factors such as gender, age, history of stroke, arrhythmias, anemia, and complications were identified as independent risk factors for preoperative acute heart failure in the study population. Notable predictors included Sex (OR 0.463, 95% CI 0.299–0.7184, P = 0.001), Age (OR 1.737, 95% CI 1.213–2.488, P = 0.003), Stroke (OR 1.627, 95% CI 1.137–2.327, P = 0.008), Arrhythmia (OR 2.727, 95% CI 1.490–4.990, P = 0.001), Complications (OR 2.733, 95% CI 1.850–4.036, P < 0.001), and Anemia (OR 3.258, 95% CI 2.180–4.867, P < 0.001). The prediction model of acute heart failure was Logit(P) = -2.091–0.770 × Sex + 0.552 × Age + 0.487 × Stroke + 1.003 × Arrhythmia + 1.005 × Complications + 1.181 × Anemia, and the prediction model nomogram was established. The model's AUC was 0.785 (95% CI, 0.754–0.815), Decision curve analysis (DCA) further validated the nomogram's excellent performance, identifying an optimal cutoff value probability range of 3% to 58% for predicting preoperative acute heart failure in elderly patients with hypertension and hip fractures.

Conclusion
The predictive model developed in this study is highly accurate and serves as a powerful tool for the clinical assessment of the risk of preoperative acute heart failure in elderly hypertensive patients with hip fractures, aiding in the optimization of preoperative risk assessment and patient management.
The use of individual-based FDG-PET volume of interest in predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia
Authors: Huang Shu-Hua , Hsiao Wen-Chiu , Chang Hsin-I , Ma Mi-Chia , Hsu Shih-Wei , Lee Chen-Chang , Chen Hong-Jie , Lin Ching-Heng , Huang Chi-Wei , Chang Chiung-Chih 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Based on a longitudinal cohort design, the aim of this study was to investigate whether individual-based 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) regional signals can predict dementia conversion in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods
We included 44 MCI converters (MCI-C), 38 non-converters (MCI-NC), 42 patients with Alzheimer’s disease with dementia, and 40 cognitively normal controls. Data from annual cognitive measurements, 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and 18F-FDG-PET scans were used for outcome analysis. An individual-based FDG-PET approach was applied using seven volumes of interest (VOIs), Z transformed using a normal FDG-PET template. Hypometabolism was defined as a Z score < -2 of regional standard uptake value ratio. For the longitudinal cognitive test scores, generalized estimating equations were used. A linear mixed-effects model was used to compare the temporal impact of cortical hypometabolism and cortical thickness degeneration.

Results
The clinical follow-up period was 6.6 ± 3.8 years (range 3.1 to 16.0 years). The trend of cognitive decline could differentiate MCI-C from MCI-NC after 3 years of follow-up. In the baseline 18F-FDG-PET scan of the patients with MCI, medial temporal lobe (MTL; 94.7% sensitivity, 80.5% specificity) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC; 89.5% sensitivity, 73.1% specificity) hypometabolism predicted conversion with high accuracy. 18F-FDG-PET hypometabolism preceded dementia conversion at an interval of 3.70 ± 1.68 years and was earlier than volumetric changes, with the exception of the MTL.

Conclusions
Our finding supports the use of individual-based 18F-FDG-PET analysis to predict MCI conversion to dementia. Reduced FDG-PET metabolism in the MTL and PCC were strongly associated with future cognitive decline in the MCI-C group. Changes in 18F-FDG-PET occurred 1 to 8 years prior to conversion to dementia. Progressive hypometabolism in the PCC, precuneus and lateral temporal lobe, but not MTL, preceded MRI findings at the MCI stage.
Impact of obesity on outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Xinhua , Lin Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used when standard methods of standard treatment methods are not successful. Obese patients present unique challenges during ECMO due to large body size hindering sufficient flows, difficulties with patient positioning and anatomical landmark identification, and restricted radiology scans. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the impact of obesity on the outcomes of patients undergoing ECMO.

Methods
Databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases) were searched to identify relevant studies published until July 2023. Data were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and the descriptive data were reported as standard difference of means (SDM) by a random effects model.

Results
A literature search identified 345 studies. Of them, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings from the meta-analysis revealed no significant association between obesity and survival outcomes after ECMO (odds ratio (OR): 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70–1.17, p: 0.46). Moreover, no comparative significant differences were found between obese and non-obese individuals on the duration of ECMO procedure (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.07, -0.03–0.17), length of hospital stay (-0.03, -0.19 to 0.12), and duration of ventilation support (-0.10, -0.44 to 0.24).

Conclusion
The meta-analysis findings suggest no significant impact of obesity on the survival outcomes after the ECMO procedure. There was no significant impact of obesity on the duration of ECMO procedures, length of hospital stay, and duration of ventilation support.
Clinical features of non-syndromic late developing supernumerary teeth: a sign of the third dentition?
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Gong Xu , Yu Min , Gao Xuemei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to summarize the clinical features of non-syndromic late developing supernumerary teeth (LDST) and comparisons with common supernumerary teeth (ST) and explore the association between LDST and the third dentition.

Materials and methods
This study retrospected cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and medical history of 41,903 consecutive patients from January to December 2021. Comparisons between ST and LDST were evaluated by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Correlation between chronological age and dental stage age was evaluated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the features of LDST originating from the third dentition.

Results
Sixty patients with 126 non-syndromic LDST and 1602 patients with 1988 non-syndromic ST were identified. The prevalence of ST and LDST was 3.82% and 0.14%, respectively, with a male-female ratio of 1.78:1 and 1.31:1. LDST patients mainly had LDST in multiple (58.33%) and bilaterally (41.67%), with an average of 2.1/patient. Most LDST were normal-shaped (84.13%), vertically oriented (71.43%), located in the mandible (80.16%), and distributed in the premolar region (82.54%). The study also indicated that the development of LDST was correlated with permanent teeth, with LDST developing 6.48 to 10.45 years later. In this study, 72.22% of LDST met the clinical criteria for the third dentition.

Conclusions
LDST manifested different clinical features from common ST. LDST might be closely related to the third dentition.

Clinical relevance
This work would help to comprehend LDST from a clinical perspective, and may be complementary to the criteria of the third dentition.