bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Late Hellenistic Skyphos From Pergamon With Applique Reliefs From the Chrysaliskos Estate
Authors: Zhuravlev D.V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe terra sigillata skyphos found in 1971 and bearing reliefs with erotic scenes is the only one of its kind from the Northern Black Sea coast. The vessel and its process of manufacture are analysed, the reliefs described and its origins traced to Pergamon at the end 2nd-first half 1st c. BC.
Slaves and Tyrants: Dutch Tribulations in Seventeenth-Century Mrauk-U
Authors: Subrahmanyam Sanjay 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the travails of the factors of the Dutch East India Company (or VOC) in the northern Burmese kingdom of Mrauk-U (or Arakan). The Dutch entered into trade in this rather obscure region, at the frontier of South and Southeast Asia, primarily owing to their interest in slaves, to be used in urban and rural settlements under their control in Indonesia. Dutch demand fed into the logic by which the Mrauk-U state from the latter half of the sixteenth century developed a formidable war-fleet, through which raids on the peasantry in eastern Bengal were conducted by Magh captains and Luso-Asian mercenaries, who collaborated with them. However, the whole commercial relationship was underwritten by a moral and cultural tension. The Dutch factors in their writings analysed here, insisted that the Mrauk-U kings were "tyrants," citing their slave trade as a key sign; a particular target for their attacks was the ruler Thado Mintara (r. 1645-52). Yet the Dutch too were complicit in the very same slave trade, and were perhaps even aware of their own "bad faith." For their part, the rulers of Mrauk-U regarded the Dutch with suspicion, while criticising their hypocrisy and double-dealing. Such tensions, negotiated through the 1630s and a part of the 1640s, eventually led the Dutch to withdraw from the trade, and then to re-establish tenuous contacts with some difficulty in the 1650s. The paper thus explores both the history of a form of hostile trade, and the process of the creation of mutual stereotypes, that went with the nature of commercial relations.
Judgments Sweetened: Possession and Exorcism in Early Modern Jewish Culture
Authors: Chajes J.H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe century 1550-1650 has been called "the Age of the Demoniac" by European historians who have analyzed the prominent role played by the possessed in numerous witch-trials during this period, as well as the propagandistic uses of demonic possession in the era of the Counter-Reformation. Noting that accounts of demonic possession among Jews reappear in Jewish sources after an absence of more than a millennium precisely in this period (c. 1540), J. H. Chajes here assesses the nature of the relationship, if any, between the Christian phenomenon and its Jewish analogue. Chajes identifies many elements common to the Jewish and Christian constructions of the phenomenon and its treatment (exorcism). Many of these, however, are near universals as far as spirit possession is concerned; the emphasis in the Jewish construction of possession on reincarnation and the locus of the Jewish "proliferation" in Ottoman Galilee further complicates the positing of direct Christian influence upon the Jewish developments. Instead, Chajes suggests that the Jewish proliferation of spirit possession arose for reasons analogous to those which fueled the proliferation in Christian Europe. These include inter-religious rivalry, efforts to reform the religiosity of the masses, and efforts to enhance and strengthen clerical authority. Moreover, the idiom of possession served to express the frustrated sexuality of the victims (nearly all female), as well as the stresses associated with life in pietistic religious environments.
Useful To Have, But Difficult To Govern. Inns and Taverns in Early Modern Bern and Vaud
Authors: Kümin Beat 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis essay examines the significance of inns and taverns in the early modern period. Drawing above all on a series of registers from the French and German lands of the Swiss Republic of Bern, the discussion is presented in two parts. A first section investigates structural aspects such as ownership, clientele, and the remarkably multifunctional character of these establishments. The second part illustrates the continuing growth in provision during the Ancien Régime and the limited impact of government regulation. It is argued that inns and taverns became the most prominent social centres in early modern local communities and that popular demand for their services prevailed over sustained campaigns to restrict numbers and discipline patrons.
The Medieval Inheritance of Manuel Puig and Severo Sarduy
Authors: Riobó Carlos 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn summary, this essay explores the similarities between the works of Manuel Puig and Severo Sarduy, and primary and secondary medieval "works." Ultimately, the argument seeks to reevaluate the supposed "pre-modern age" and establish points of contact between medieval and post-modern aesthetics. We must consider the events and philosophies, inspired by similar crises, that helped to establish "traditional" medieval and Latin American studies and writing. Specific Spanish medieval works and traditions herein described lay bare certain qualities and interpretations that serve
Bernard, Explorer of the Muslim Lake: a Pilgrimage From Rome To Jerusalem, 867
Authors: Halevi Leor 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBernard the Monk's Itinerarium is a ten-page guidebook for pilgrims traveling from Rome and Bari to Babylon and Jerusalem. It has not been studied as a source for Mediterranean history. Bernard shows how the late ninth-century Mediterranean economy was characterized by religious ideology. Islam and Christianity acted differently in establishing the "ethos" of an economy of exchange. While Muslim law and authority channeled the exchange, Christian apocalypticism wished for its end. Bernard's apocalypticism was in particular a response to the Muslim occupation of southern Italy. Such a response has been regarded as typical of the "age of ignorance" about Islam. But Bernard was surprisingly knowledgeable, and his account illustrates a largely unknown chapter in the history of the Christian encounter with Islam.
"Slay Them Not": Augustine and the Jews in Modern Scholarship
Authors: Cohen Jeremy 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis essay lays the historiographical foundation for a forthcoming book on ideas of the Jew in medieval Christianity, ideas which depended considerably on Augustine's doctrine of 'Jewish witness": the notion that the Jews served a vital testimonial function in a properly ordered Christian society. Following a brief explanation of the doctrine and its historical significance, attention turns to its treatment by its three most important investigators of the last half century: Bernhard Blumenkranz, a medieval historian; Marcel Dubois, an authority on medieval scholastic philosophy; and Paula Fredriksen, a scholar of patristics. In each case, the essay discusses the writer's contribution to the field, exploring his/her presuppositions and methodology and assessing the need for still further research.
It Must Be the End of Time: Apocalyptic Auadith as a Record of the Islamic Community's Reactions To the Turbulent First Centuries
Authors: Campbell Sandra 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOver the last three decades, scholars have mined medieval apocalyptic literature for information about historical events. Although this has also been done for the Islamic apocalyptic literature, this article argues that the latter is better used to gain insight into pcople's responses to events rather than to chart the events themselves. This, in turn, allows us to better understand certain religious and political developments. For instance, the widespread fear and anxiety experienced by the early Muslim community, as evinced in the apocalyptic literature, appears to have led to the acceptance of the obligation, expressed in many Sunni creeds, to obey those in authority no matter how unjust they may be. The widespread acceptance of this quietist tenet is best understood as a response to the strife and discord that vexed the umma in the first centuries of Islamic history.
Reading By Said's Lantern: Orientalism and Chaucer's Treatise On the Astrolabe
Authors: Mead Jenna 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper takes Edward Said's foundational critique of western discourses of knowledge about the orient as a way of intervening in the tradition of reading Chaucer's only scientific text, The Treatise on the Astrolabe. I argue for recognizing the "color" of Chaucer's originary text of "Messahala, an Arabian astronomer, by religion a Jew", and against naturalizing the Treatise as an "unmarked white" text. My argument is that there are cultural and political values at stake in Chaucer's pedagogical text.
He Says, She Says: Subjectivity and the Discourse of the Other in the Prioress's Portrait and Tale
Authors: Gaynor Stephanie 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Prioress's Portrait, Prologue, and Tale present a series of displacements in which Chaucer describes and ventriloquizes a sexual other, the Prioress, who, in her Tale, demonizes a "racialized" other, the Jews. Except that the incriminations against the Prioress are much more subtly suggested, she is not so unlike the Jews she depicts. Both are characterized, though in greatly differing degrees, by their sensuality, greed, bodiliness, proximity to filth, and their resistance to the Law. The categories Woman and Jew, both, are created out of a disavowal of lack, an attempt to fix or know difference; and yet, when they appear, they carry the charge of the unresolvable problem of difference, not so much between groups (men and women or Christians and Jews) but within them, raising for the authorized Christian subject, the burning question of his diflerence within. When the woman aspires to the position of the authorized Christian subject, she must also disavow her lack in language. A close look at the serial generation of others in the Prioress's Portrait, Prologue, and Tale will reveal the perpetual process of turning out what must be rejected (what is deemed impure, anti-social, sinful, bodily or "feminine") onto an other outside the category of Christianitas.
Margery Kempe and Medieval Anti-Judaic Ideology
Authors: Rosenthal Judith 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough Margery Kempe (1373-1440) probably never had regular contact with a Jewish person, she depicts the Jews as symbols of evil in her autobiographical Book. Despite the rebellious nature Kempe displays to patriarchal authorities in the church by refusing to behave as a nun, to wear black, or to remain in a cloister, she is entirely orthodox in portraying the Jews as Christkillers in her vision of the Crucifixion. This anti-Judaic ideology appears in the Gospels and in official doctrine, beginning with Augustine, continuing with Pope Gregory I the Great, and worsening with Aquinas and the Franciscan and Dominican friars in the lourteenth century. Medieval drama, especially the N-Town Passion Play (which Kempe may have seen) provides a striking analogue tor Kempe's vision at Calvary. Kempe, extraordinary in some ways, is entirely conventional in her dratnatiration of the Jewish soldiers as dcicides.
Von dem Tractatus de arte oratoria des Lucretius Bononiensis
Authors: Langer Gottfried 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe recueil in the Marienbibliothek at Halle/Saale containing the Tractatus logicalis published by Jacob van Breda at Deventer some time after IO April 1497 (see previous article), also contains another text by the same printer, a Tractatus de arte oratoria, published in 1506. The author of this little work is stated to be a certain Lucretius Bononiensis. The edition has never been described. Earlier editions of this text, including one of c. 1485 also printed by Jacob van Breda, make no mention of the author's name. It is possible that Luctetius Bononiensis is a pseudonym. In a work by Johannes Barclajus (1582-1621) there is a mention of a certain Lucretius, as pseudonym for a Dutch linguist. Perhaps the two Lucretiuses refer to one and the same person. The addition of'Bononiensis' would indicate that this Dutchman had studied at Bologna. Who was hiding behind this pseudonym is not determinable on the basis of the Tractatus de arte oratoria.
Jan Tschichold 1902-74
Authors: Ovink G. Willem 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAmong the principles of typographic design in this century one may distinguish two groups - decorative and functional - and among the latter a traditional and an anti-traditional wing. It was Tschichold who, by the example of his design work and by his theoretical writings, spread both branches of functionalism most effectively, with a more widespread influence than that exerted by their first theorists - Stanley Morison and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy respectively. How could he preach first revolution and then tradition with the same vehement and apodictic conviction and yet make splendid designs in both systems? The link between the two opposites is impeccable functionalistic workmanship mostly in different fields: first in advertising, then in book production.
Henry van de Velde
Authors: Baudin Fernand 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn Quaerendo, 1 (1971), pp. 164-81 and 2 (1972), pp. 55-73 I analysed Henry van de Velde's first steps as typographer, including, in particular, his role in the designing of the avant-garde Flemish magazine Van Nu en Straks (founded 1893) in the earliest years of the Art Nouveau movement. My conclusion was that the typographical design was the work of a collective, possibly with Elskamp and Van Rijsselberghe, and that the ornaments alone were the work of Van de Velde and Van de Velde only. In Verslagen en Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Nederlandse Taalen Letterkunde, 1977, No. 1, pp. 109-44, P.J. Lissens describes three proofs and a copy of a prospectus for Van Nu en Straks which he found in the Museum of Flemish Culture in Antwerp. In this prospectus Van de Velde is named as the magazine's art director. According to Lissens this indicates that contrary to what I suggest in Quaerendo, Van de Velde was responsible for the typography. In the magazine itself, however, Van de Velde's name does not appear. Why not? The editor of Van Nu en Straks, August Vermeylen, was short of both time and cash, but still demanded high standards. The first proof of the prospectus, set by the Antwerp printer Buschmann, he rejected, substituting for it a new design by Van de Velde. The latter, however, kept making changes and was always dreaming of a new type-face of his own (which would take years of preparation). The whole thing was beginning to drag on too long for Vermeylen's liking, and in addition it was costing too much. Typographical compromises had to be made for the magazine itself, to which Van de Velde very probably declined to lend his name. Despite the fact that the newly discovered documents shed new light on various details, I hold fast to my original view - including my contention that the Brussels printer Deman and possibly Theo van Rijsselberghe were the first in Belgium to strike out in a new typographic direction.
Thomas vander Noot en zijn Spieghel der behoudenessen (c. 1508)
Authors: Cockx-Indestege Elly 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article, in which the author describes a Brussels post-incunabulum in all its details and from all angles, complements the article to appear in the Liber amicorum Herman Liebaers (at press), in which the text and its author are discussed. The didactic moralizing poem Den Spieghel der behoudenessen by the Brussels rhetorician [rederijker] Jan Smeken - whose name appears in an acrostic in the text- was printed by Thomas vander Noot in Brussels in about 1508. Only one copy is known to have survived, and is now in the unversity library in Hamburg, but there the trail ends. The paper has no watermark and is of inferior quality. The text is abundantly decorated with woodcuts, which were not chosen at random but purposely made or selected for the job. The ten large ones are intended as illustration of the text, without which they are meaningless. The twenty smaller ones serve as a guide in the contemplation of the Passion of Christ; the illustrated episodes from the Passion generally go together with two prototypes from the Old Testament. The Speculum Humanae Salvationis, which was known in several Latin and Dutch editions at the beginning of the sixteenth century, was almost certainly known to the author of the Spieghel. The cutter of the large blocks took advantage of the circumstance that the same block could be used several times as a frame for a varying number of smaller blocks which could be fitted into the larger block as an insert and could later be removed. The repeated use of one block, sometimes on one sheet, sometimes at various places in a single gathering, was a factor which the printer had to allow for in the imposition of the pages. Some pages have too much or too little text, without any sign of a way of remedying the defect. These last two observations lead to the conclusion that the text was very probably set forme by forme.
A study of the printer Simon Steenbergen († 1596) of Deventer
Authors: Simoni Anna E. C. , Vermaseren B.A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSimon Steenbergen spent all his working life as a printer at Deventer, while his place and date of birth are unknown. By his marriage in 1551 or early 1552 he became brother-in-law of Richard II Paffrae(d)t. His earliest publications date from 1557 and concern two small contemplative works, viz. The Imitation of Christ by Thomas à Kempis and The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius. In 1564 Steenbergen had a punning printer's device which was in use only until 1566/7. At that time he reprinted three Emden publications: these were of Protestant character and it is to be assumed that thenceforth he adhered to the new doctrine. Two of these editions were intended for Antwerp, but were intercepted by the Roman Catholic High Sheriff of Utrecht and destroyed. In 1566/7 Lutheranism was tolerated at Deventer next to Catholicism. During the next thirty years the city became in turn again Catholic, then Calvinist, again Catholic and finally, in 1591, Calvinist for good. To judge from his publications, Steenbergen changed course as the situation required. It is therefore specially noteworthy that in 1588, when the city was Catholic, he published the Penitential Psalms with the litany of All Saints in Spanish, the
The editorial practice of a sixteenth-century scholar printer
Authors: Boers A.A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe author examines the question of whether Geert Morrhe, a Dutch printer who worked in Paris in 1530-2, can be accounted one of the Paris scholar printers of the first half of the sixteenth century. The article begins with a discussion of what information can be gained about his editorial practice from Morrhe's letters and prefaces, and then draws parallels between Morrhe's prefaces and those of Aldus Manutius. Finally two books printed by Morrhe are examined in greater detail, changes from the text of the printed copy being described. The variants show that Morrhe tried to correct errors offending against the rules of classical Latin. In his edition of a speech by Johannes Stratius changes in the text have been made by the compositor due to a misunderstanding, while in the edition of Johannes Lichtenberger's Prognosticatio there is a change that is indicative of Morrhe's dislike of the orthodox theologians of Paris.
Two early cases of publication by subscription in Holland and Germany: Jacob Abendana's Mikhlal Yophi (1661) and David Cohen de Lara's Keter Kehunna (1668)*
Authors: Wim Wesselius Jan , Van Rooden Peter T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPublication by subscription is a sales technique developed in England in the seventeenth century. It was probably not introduced to the German-speaking countries until after 1725. The first hitherto known instances in the Netherlands date from after 1680. The article describes the publication of two linguistic works by Sephardic Jews which are the earliest known examples of works published by subscription in Holland and Germany. The first of the works concerned is the Hebrew Mikhlal Yophi, a commentary on the Bible of which an edition prepared by Jacob Abendana appeared in Amsterdam in 1662. An exchange of letters between Abendana and Antonius Hulsius is indicative of the former's attempts at recruiting subscribers. Abendana's efforts concentrated on Leiden, where in about 1660 he, his brother Isaac and the rabbi David Cohen de Lara, formerly of Hamburg, were living as private Hebrew tutors and booksellers. Abendana used an approbation of his book by the Leiden professors Cocceius, Heidanus and Uchtmannus to support his request for permission to dedicate his work to the States General. This was a more conventional way of acquiring funds from the state. At the same time the dedication, the approbation and a letter from the Basle Hebraist Johan Buxtorf jun. were intended to smooth the book's path to the Christian reading public. A case is also presented for the publication by subscription of David Cohen de Lara's Keter Kehunna (Hamburg 1668). Cohen de Lara's initiative goes back to the example set by Abendana, who, in turn, probably borrowed the idea from the London Polyglot. Finally some observations are presented concerning the conspicuous popularity of this method of publishing with Sephardic Jews interested in language. A comparison with the events surrounding the appearance of the Dutch translation of Athanasius Kircher's Mundus subterraneus, subscriptions for which were opened in 1678, makes it probable that Abendana's work was one of the first ever to be published by subscription.
The dating of the Fasciculus Temporum manuscript in Arnhem Public Library
Authors: Simoni Anna E. C. , Martens Johan C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe comparison of a manuscript of the Fasciculus Temporum of 1473 with the authorised printed edition of 1474 of this chronicle has brought important details to light concerning the layout of an unknown original which served as a model for that edition which, with more or less success, was followed tens of times by the early printers.