bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine Structural Changes in the Human Cerebral Cortex Adjacent to Meningioma
Authors: Koizumi Junzo , Shiraishi Hiroyasu , Minei Susumu , Nose Tadao , Maki Yutaka , Matsumoto Yutaka 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHuman cerebral cortices adjacent to men‐ingiomas were studied with an electron microscope and compared with the normal materials of adult rabbits.Various types of presynaptic degenerations are observed in the cerebral cortices adjacent to meningiomas. The glycogen granules appear diffusely in the perikaryal cytoplasm and the dendrites of the nerve cells adjacent to meningiomas, and they accumulate abundantly in the astrocytic cytoplasm and the processes adjacent to the tumors. In most endothelial cells of capillaries adjacent to the tumors, many pino‐cytotic vesicles are observed. These degenerative alterations of the neuronal and glial components and reactive changes of the vascular walls adjacent to meningiomas might be due to the neoplastic process.
Synaptic Changes in the Rabbit Pallidum Following Long‐Term Haloperidol Administration
Authors: Koizumi Junzo , Shiraishi Hiroyasu 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFollowing long‐term administration of haloperidol, the brains of rabbits were examined by electron microscopy, with special reference to the synaptic changes in the globus pallidus, and compared with the normal materials. After three to five months' intramuscular injections of haloperidol (2 mg/kg/day), irregular windings of the cyto‐plasmic membranes of the axon terminals were observed in the axo‐dendritic and axo‐somatic synapses in the globus pallidus. The animals showed neuroleptic and extrapyra‐midal symptoms throughout the period. These synaptic changes are interpreted as reactive changes induced by the long‐term administration of haloperidol.
Permissiveness Towards the Imperfections Of Human Nature in Psychotherapy
Authors: Yamaguchi Takashi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFirst, focus was placed on the Japanese social permissiveness of imperfections of human nature, which placed emphases on the interrelationship between social and therapeutic “permissiveness.”Second, the importance of the omnipresent needs for love, food, and, of the psychotherapist's empathy of these needs, within the permissive psychotherapeutic approach, was illustrated by using two Japanese case presentations.Third, Kobayashi psychotherapy was introduced to highlight the particular significance of “permissiveness” in psychotherapy.Fourth, in order to emphasize the relevant possible universal application of the permissive approach in dynamic psychotherapy, an American case was reviewed.Finally, it was stressed that the essential core of psychotherapy seemed to be complementary empathic communication between the therapist and the patient as simply human beings, of their imperfect human nature, as it is, or “ningen‐mi,” as natural as possible. (Case I was presented to Dr. T. Doi's Seminar on Psychotherapy at Tokyo University on May 6, 1971; and Case 2 was discussed in a paper on brief psychotherapy read at the 82nd Kanto Regional Meeting of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology on March 17, 1973.)
Anti‐Manic and Prophylactic Effects of Carbamazepine (Tegretol) on Manic Depressive Psychosis A Preliminary Report
Authors: Okuma Teruo , Kishimoto Akira , Kinuo Inoue. M.D. , Hisashi Matsumoto , Atsushi Ogura , Toji Matsushita , Nakao Takehisa , Chikara Ogura 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

The anti‐manic, anti‐depressive and prophylactic effects of carbamazepine (CAZP, Tegretol‐Ciba Geigy) on the endogenous mani‐depressive psychosis (MDP) were investigated on 50 MDP cases. The dosage of the drug ranged from 200 to 1,200 mg daily (usually 400 to 600 mg).
The effect of CAZP on 33 manic states was: “markedly effective” seven (23%), “effective” six (19%), “slightly effective” five (16%), “ineffective” 13 (42%), whereas the effect on six depressive states was: “markedly effective” one and “ineffective” five. No definite relationship was found between the kinds of drugs in combination use and the effect of CAZP. No significant difference of the CAZP effect was found in the four patient groups with different age of onset of the illness, nor among the “continuous,”“frequent” and “periodic” type cases.
The prophylactic effect of CAZP on 27 cases in which the assessment of the effect on the manic episode was possible was: “markedly effective” 13 (48%), “effective” seven (26%) and “ineffective” seven (26%), whereas that for depressive episode was: 12 (45%), two (7%) and 13 (48%), and the result of the general assessment on each patient was 14 (43%), 10 (30%) and nine (27%), respectively. The kinds of drugs in combination use, age of onset and type of course of the illness did not have any influence on the prophylactic effect of CAZP.
The prophylactic effect on MDP of CAZP did not parallel that of lithium salt, but CAZP may be effective on cases which did not respond to lithium and vice versa.
Side‐effects such as ataxia, dizziness, exanthema, drowsiness and headache were observed in five of the cases, and the CAZP was discontinued in four of them.
The mechanism of effectiveness of the CAZP on MDP was discussed.
Epilepsy and Folic Acid
Authors: Ueda Seiichiro , Shirakawa Tsunemitsu , Nakazawa Yoichi , Inanaga Kazutoyo 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWith 15 cases of epilepsy as the subject, studies were made of the therapeutic effects of folic acid on psychiatric symptoms and clinical seizures. Folic acid proved effective for a part of chronic and prolonged psychiatric symptoms shown by epileptic patients and brought on slight improvement in hyperexcitability, aggressiveness, bad humor and slowness of psychomotor activities. Improvement in mood was also observed. However, incidence of clinical fits increased in three cases.Electroencephalograms showed the desyn‐chronizing phenomenon following oral administration of folic acid. Appearance or increase of spikes was noted in six cases.The epileptic group showed significantly low folic acid level in both serum and spinal fluid compared with the non‐epileptic group. When folic acid was administered orally to the epileptic group, the serum folic acid level increased easily but the folic acid level in spinal fluid hardly increased.
A Study on Long‐Term Prognosis of Epilepsy
Authors: Fukushima Yutaka 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOf 631 epileptic patients examined in our seizure clinic in the period between January 1961 and December 1966, 97 (15.4%) have been treated until September 1976, when the long‐term prognosis was evaiuated. The “good prognosis (completely controlled)” were found in 59% of grand mal, in 55% of focal motor seizure, in 42% of psychomotor and in 33% of the mixed seizure in which more than two types of seizures were combined; in 49% (48 cases) on the average. Seventy‐nine percent of the cases of the mixed seizure were combined with psychomotor seizures. In the psycho‐motor and the mixed seizure groups, the presence of personality disorders tended to lead them to “poor prognosis” which meant that the seizures were not well controlled.Twelve cases manifested psychotic (paranoid) state: a schizophrenic, a case with chronic paranoid‐hallucinatory state, and 10 patients with episodic paranoid state, whose episodes may be identified with the paranoid reactions.Out of the 49 “poor prognosis” cases, 17 (35%) had had seizure‐free periods for more than three years in the past course of their treatment.
Ictal Clinical Patterns and IctaL EIEG in a Case of Partial Seizures of Frontotemporal Origin Associated With Complex Symptomatology
Authors: Nishiura Nobuhiro 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe patient was a 35‐year‐old, unmarried male whose epileptic psvchomotor fits persisted since the age of 13. The author has observed the case for about 12 years, so that incomplete information concerning epileptic symptoms was considered to be compensated considerably by longitudinal observation, including ictal seizure and ictal EEG's. In this patient seizure with impaired consciousness which correspond rhvthmic slow waves of EEG tracing might be a nuclear sign; several kinds of automatism then might be considered as postictal phenomenon. The most important of all was tonic seizure of psvchomotor epilepsv particularlv in the face which was not seen in the petit mal epilepsv. With observation of ictal period as well as ictal EEG, differential identification of centrencephalic epilepsy and psychomotor epilepsy may not be totallv impossible. The case also showed a typical productive psychotic episodes of Landolt,3 which could be treated favorably by 10 mg of intravenous Haloperidol. This method, named as “pathologization” of Helmchen,2 was found by the present author as a useful treatmental means of choice.
Polygraphic Study on the Clinical Seizures Induced During Nocturnal Sleep
Authors: Kawahara Ryuzo , Umezawa Yoichi , Fukubara Tomokazu , Funakoshi Shiro , Kuba Kenko 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe subjects of this study consisted of 17 epileptic patients with clinical seizures during all‐night sleep recording (the seizure group) and another 17 epileptic patients without clinical seizures (the control group). The results obtained were as follows:

The 50–90% out of total clinical seizures were induced in non‐REM sleep, while a few clinical seizures were induced in REM sleep. The number of clinical seizures in sleep stage of higher activity level increased as the incidence of clinical seizure during all‐night grew.
In the seizure group REM sleep could not be detectable during all‐night in five cases out of 17 cases, while we could not find cases lacking REM sleep in the control group. This difference between two subject groups was statistically significant (P< 0.025).
As to focal spike group, the spike discharge incidence of total sleeping time and of each sleep stage was higher respectively in the seizure group than that in the control group, and particularly in St.1, St.2 and REM sleep the figure of the discharge incidence was found significantly higher in the seizure group than that in the control group (P<0.05).

We discussed on above‐mentioned results, and we emphasized particularly that REM‐sleep suppresses clinical seizures, although non‐REM sleep induces clinical seizures.
EEG Patterns of Grand Mal Seizures Occurring Under Different Recording Conditions
Authors: Sano Joh , Enokido Hideaki , Yamaguchi Nariyoshi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThirty‐five EEG patterns of grand mal seizures recorded under some conditions such as awake‐rest, sleep activation, beme‐gride activation and intermittent photic stimulation were studied in 31 epileptics and four non‐epileptics.Preictal EEG's were generally variable in comparison with ictal EEG's. It was not till 10 sec before seizures that the incidence of seizure discharges changed in most all cases, of which six increased and four decreased.A paroxysmal extreme varied EEG abnormality often continued for several to several ten sec immediately before a tonic phase, associated with some clinical symptoms. EEG patterns of the “preconvulsive phase” were divided into six types with different clinical features. In most all cases of bamegride activation, poly‐spike and wave discharges preceded on seizure activities and some of them related with absence or psychomotor epilepsies. In all cases of sleep activation and photic stimulation, high voltage slow bursts or poly spikes preceded. Seizure patterns recorded at awake‐rest were indefinite. A few cases didn't show any preconvulsive EEG changes, and were closely related with grand mal epilepsies.While the grand mal seizure during sleep had a long tonic‐clonic convulsive phase and a short pre‐ and postconvulsive phase, that induced by bemegride activation showed the opposite findings. The grand mal seizure at awake‐rest had the middle tendency between the two.The differences among the effects of various recording conditions on seizure patterns present some suggestions as to the patho‐physiological mechanism of epileptic seizures.
Functional Changes in the Caudate and Accumbens Nuclei During Amygdaloid and Hippocampal Seizure Development in Kindled Cats
Authors: Sato Mitsumoto 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYElectroencephalographic changes were examined in the caudate nucleus and accumbens nucleus during limbic seizure development in eight kindled cat preparations. The emergence of self‐sustained after‐discharge and interictal discharge was demonstrated in tbe accumbens nucleus during limbic seizure development. This finding suggests secondary epileptogenic functional alterations in the mesolimbic dopamine neuron systems. Moreover, the epileptiform re‐spouses triggered from the accumbens and caudate nuclei increased markedly with progressive limbic seizure development. These results suggest that a limbic seizure could produce a secondary.functional reorganization of the brain dopaminergic neuron systems, especially of the mesolimbic dopamine neuron systems that has been reported to play an important role in the manifestation of psychotic symptom.
Plasma Levels and Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic Drugs in Children
Authors: Miura Hisao 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The Michaelis‐Menten pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of phenytoin were evaluated in children. The Vmax was inversely related to age, but there was no such relationship for Km. The fraction excreted in urine as 5‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐phenylhydantoin, the main metabolite of phenytoin after oral administration, was not significantly different among the patients aged two months to 16 years; suggesting that no functional difference existed between children and adults that would alter the drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.Children on sodium valproate mono‐therapy were divided into three different age groups. The daily dose per kilogram of body weight correlated poorly with the plasma concentration in each age group. However, the plasma level to dose ratio increased with the advancement of the group age. Also in children treated only with carbamazepine at daily doses of 10–15 mg/kg body weight, the younger age group achieved the lower steady‐state plasma concentrations of carbamazepine. In contrast, the concentration of carbamaze‐pine‐10, ll‐epoxide, the main metabolite of carbamazepine, expressed as a percentage of the parent drug, was higher in the younger age group.
Experimental Psychological Studies on Schizophrenia: Word‐Card Distribution Test and Some Psychological Consideration
Authors: Ishida Takashi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An experiment was conducted on 150 subjects; 100 schizophrenic and 50 control subjects. Each subject was given 56 or 57 word‐cards, which consisted of 5 Cards sebes (I, me, myself, etc.), 4 or 6 Cards families (father, mother, etc.), 7 Cards bodies (head, eyes, etc.), 11 Cards detestable (snake, etc.) and others. These cards were to be distributed in three concentric circles according to the standard of importance for the subjects. The results for the schizophrenic group in comparison with those for the control group were:(1) Fewer cards were distributed in the central circle. (2) The number of the distributed Cards important was smaller for the central and larger for the outward circle, etc. The discussion on the results was carried out with regard to the inner structure of ego, the boundary between ego and the outer world and the flexibility of ego. The conclusion of the discussion is as follows: In schizophrenics, (1) The boundaries among the inner region of ego diminish.(2) The boundary between ego and the outer world diminishes. (3) Ego loses its flexibility. (4) Ego contracts.
Chronobiological Comparison of Sleep‐Wake Rhythm between Chronic Schizophrenia and Normal Control
Authors: Ohta Tatsuro , Endo Shiro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Few studies on schizophrenia with respect to the circadian alteration of the sleep‐wake rhythm have been reported. We made a comparative study of the sleep‐wake rhythm between chronic inpatient schizophrenics with a relatively bed‐prone daily life and normal subjects under the conditions of absolute bed‐rest to elucidate the chronobiological features of schizophrenia. The sleep‐wake rhythm of the schizophrenics differed from that of the normals in two points:

A significant difference was observed in the decrease of Stage 4 during their nocturnal sleep compared with the normal subjects, becoming conspicuous with the increasing lapse of time during sleep.
The distribution and amount of their REM sleep in the morning were markedly low and the latency of their REM sleep was also prolonged. These facts suggested that the smooth slide of the sleep‐wake rhythm was somewhat disturbed in the schizophrenics and that they were, therefore, in a state of hyperarousal despite their bed‐prone life.
The Development of EEG Background Activities in El Mouse
Authors: Sato Hitomi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The development of background activities of cortical EEG in El mouse, the seizure susceptible mutant strain of ddN mouse, were investigated. Furthermore, it was compared to that of the ddN control mouse.The average peak frequency of EEG background activity was much slower than that of the ddN mouse. After seizures in the El mouse were completed, the average energy distribution rates of the main frequency band, theta band, have decreased because of an increase in the delta band compared to those in seizure‐free periods (the 5th to 8th week).
Endocrinological Function in Schizophrenic Patients under Haloperidol Treatment: Plasma PRL, HGH and 5HT Levels after L‐5HTP Loading
Authors: Hoshino Yoshihiko , Kaneko Motohisa , Kumashiro Hisashi , Tachibana Ryuichi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: In order to examine 5HT metabolism in the hypothalamopituitary (HP) system of chronic schizophrenic patients taking haloperidol for a short or long period, chronological changes of blood 5HT, PRL and HGH were measured after an oral loading dose of L‐5hydroxytryptophan (L‐5HTP), a precursor of 5HT.The subjects consisted of 8 male patients with chronic schizophrenia, who were divided into the following two groups. The 1st group—4 patients taking haloperidol (5.6 mg/day) for 8 months on an average (short‐term treatment). The 2nd group—4 patients taking haloperidol (4.8 mg/day) for 7.5 years on an average (long‐term treatment). The control group was made up of 9 healthy male volunteers.

As a result, the basal level of blood 5HT in the 1st group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The blood 5HT levels in the 1st and 2nd groups showed an equally remarkable increase as compared with the control group.
The basal level of plasma PRL in the 2nd group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Moreover, in the 2nd group, an increase in the plasma PRL level after the loading was suppressed, but it showed less suppression in the 1st group.
There was no significant difference in the basal HGH levels among the control, 1st and 2nd groups. After the loading, an increase in the plasma HGH was suppressed in the 2nd group, but the suppression was less in the 1st group.

These results suggest that there might be a hyposensitivity of the 5HT neuron or a disorder in the 5HT‐catecholamine interaction of the HP axis in schizophrenic patients undergoing a long‐term haloperidol treatment.
Complex Partial Seizures in Childhood
Authors: Oka Eiji , Ogino Tatsuya , Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Murakami Nagako , Ohtahara Shunsuke 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. A clinical and electroencephalographic study was undertaken on 215 children with complex partial seizures as selected on the basis of the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (1981).

Complex partial seizures were noted in 7.8% of the epileptic children.
The ictal symptoms of complex partial seizures closely resembled those of psychomotor triad described by Lennox.
Interictal EEG revealed seizure discharges from the temporal or frontal focus in 57.2%.
There existed a group with automatism as a main symptom having both diffuse slow spike‐waves and focal temporal spikes. This type should be interpreted to be one of secondary generalized epilepsies and be a variant of the Lennox syndrome.
Prognostic Factors of Primary Generalized Epilepsy: A Reappraisal of 96 Cases in Terminal Remission
Authors: Wu Liwen , Kugimiya Seiji , Numata Youichi , Wada Toyoji 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Ninety‐six patients whose diagnosis was definitively confirmed as primary generalized epilepsy (PGE) were divided into two groups according to the duration of recurrent seizures—A group for less than 7 years and B group for more than 7 years. The patients of both groups were completely free of seizures for more than 3 years at the time of the survey. A retrospective comparison was made between these two groups in terms of clinical and EEG features. Emphasis was placed on the B group which was characterized by an unfavorable seizure outcome.From a prognostic point of view, the risk factors indicative of an unfavorable outcome of seizures were found as follows: a) the presence of generalized tonic‐clonic convulsions (GTCs) prior to the occurrence of minor seizures and persisting GTCs following the subsidence of minor seizures, b) scanty epileptic EEG findings in spite of the sporadic occurrence of GTCs, and c) GTCs tended to associate with various seizure‐inducing factors.As a conclusion, along with appropriate drug treatment, the necessity of comprehensive approaches to the patients' everyday life was emphasized in order to achieve a favorable seizure outcome.
Movement‐Related Cerebral Potentials in Schizophrenics
Authors: Takasaka Yoichiro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Measures concerning the P2 component of movement‐related cerebral potentials (MPs) (the time from the trigger produced by key‐tapping to the onset of P2: T‐N latency, the width of P2: N‐P interval, and the amplitude of P2: N‐P amplitude) and various clinical factors of 36 schizophrenics were studied and statistically compared with those of 35 normal subjects. Concerning the P2 component, 22/36 of the schizophrenics showed abnormal findings. These three measures, especially the N‐P interval, are significantly related to various clinical symptoms at the stage when the MPs were recorded but are not related to the previous worst stage. The chronicity of schizophrenic illness influenced each measure of the T‐N latency and N‐P interval, both of which were significantly longer than those of the normal subjects. The pressure strength, the velocity of key‐tapping, the duration of muscular contraction, (namely the manner of key‐tapping) and the daily dosage of neuroleptics did not affect the P2 component.These results suggest that 1) the P2 component of MPs is related to certain brain functions as a signal of information processing concerning action and not to the peripheral feed‐back mechanism and 2) abnormal waveforms of the MPs found in pathological psychiatric conditions of schizophrenia may be a reflection of disturbances of the central mechanism concerning action, attention and volition.