bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial Abuse During Childhood and Later-Life Health: Exploring the Role of Victim–Perpetrator Relationships
Authors: Lee Chioun , Park Soojin , Lee Juha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Childhood abuse has been extensively studied in relation to later-life health, yet relatively little attention has been given to understanding the nuanced dynamics across victim–perpetrator relationships. This study addresses this gap by identifying typologies of familial perpetrators of childhood abuse in a national sample and examining their associations with various health outcomes, including physical and mental health as well as substance abuse.

Methods
We used 2 waves of data from the Midlife in the US Study (n = 6,295, mean age = 46.9 at baseline). The analysis was completed in 3 stages. Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we identified subpopulations of victims with distinct familial perpetrator histories. With assigned LCA memberships and propensity score weighting, we investigated the extent to which specific victim–perpetrator relationships are associated with health outcomes measured at baseline and a 10-year follow-up adjusting for other early-life risks. We evaluated whether the observed associations differ across the waves.

Results
Parental and sibling abuse commonly co-occur, surpassing the occurrence of single perpetrators. Although minimal health disparities are evident between sibling-only abuse and no/little abuse groups at baseline, parent-only abuse is associated with compromised health outcomes. Severe abuse from both siblings and parents is linked to the most adverse health outcomes. At the follow-up survey, the associations between familiar abuse and health outcomes weakened, particularly for substance abuse.

Discussion
This study, delving into family relationships, family violence, and health disparities, provides new evidence to augment our comprehension of the enduring link between childhood abuse and health within the family context.
Pharmacogenetics of aminoglycoside-related ototoxicity: a systematic review
Authors: Gaafar D , Baxter N , Cranswick N , Christodoulou J , Gwee A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Aminoglycosides (AGs) are important antibiotics in the treatment of Gram-negative sepsis. However, they are associated with the risk of irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Several genetic variants have been implicated in the development of ototoxicity.

Objectives
To evaluate the pharmacogenetic determinants of AG-related ototoxicity.

Methods
This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and was registered on Prospero (CRD42022337769). In Dec 2022, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and MEDLINE were searched. Included studies were those reporting original data on the effect of the AG-exposed patient’s genome on the development of ototoxicity.

Results
Of 10 202 studies, 31 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies focused on the mitochondrial genome, while two studied the nuclear genome. One study of neonates found that 30% of those with the m.1555A &gt; G variant failed hearing screening after AG exposure (level 2 evidence). Seventeen additional studies found the m.1555A &gt; G variant was associated with high penetrance (up to 100%) of SNHL after AG exposure (level 3–4 evidence). Nine studies of m.1494C &gt; T found the penetrance of AG-related SNHL to be up to 40%; however, this variant was also identified in those with SNHL without AG exposure (level 3–4 evidence). The variants m.1005T &gt; C and m.1095T &gt; C may be associated with AG-related SNHL; however, further studies are needed.

Conclusions
This review found that the m.1555A &gt; G and m.1494C &gt; T variants in the MT-RNR1 gene have the strongest evidence in the development of AG-related SNHL, although study quality was limited (level 2–4). These variants were associated with high penetrance of a SNHL phenotype following AG exposure.
Iron efflux by IetA enhances β-lactam aztreonam resistance and is linked to oxidative stress through cellular respiration in Riemerella anatipestifer
Authors: Liu Mafeng , Wang Mengying , Huang Mi , Gao Qun , Zhu Dekang , Wang Mingshu , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Zhao Xinxin , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhang Shaqiu , Huang Juan , Ou Xumin , Mao Sai , Tian Bin , Sun Di , Cheng Anchun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Riemerella anatipestifer encodes an iron acquisition system, but whether it encodes the iron efflux pump and its role in antibiotic resistance are largely unknown.

Objectives
To screen and identify an iron efflux gene in R. anatipestifer and determine whether and how the iron efflux gene is involved in antibiotic resistance.

Methods
In this study, gene knockout, streptonigrin susceptibility assay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to screen for the iron efflux gene ietA. The MIC measurements, scanning electron microscopy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection were used to verify the role of IetA in aztreonam resistance and its mechanism. Mortality and colonization assay were used to investigate the role of IetA in virulence.

Results
The deletion mutant ΔietA showed heightened susceptibility to streptonigrin, and prominent intracellular iron accumulation was observed in ΔfurΔietA under excess iron conditions. Additionally, ΔietA exhibited increased sensitivity to H2O2-produced oxidative stress. Under aerobic conditions with abundant iron, ΔietA displayed increased susceptibility to the β-lactam antibiotic aztreonam due to heightened ROS production. However, the killing efficacy of aztreonam was diminished in both WT and ΔietA under anaerobic or iron restriction conditions. Further experiments demonstrated that the efficiency of aztreonam against ΔietA was dependent on respiratory complexes Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Finally, in a duckling model, ΔietA had reduced virulence compared with the WT.

Conclusion
Iron efflux is critical to alleviate oxidative stress damage and β-lactam aztreonam killing in R. anatipestifer, which is linked by cellular respiration.
Environmental health of water bodies from a Brazilian Amazon Metropolis based on a conventional and metagenomic approach
Authors: Siqueira Jones Anderson Monteiro , Teixeira Dielle Monteiro , da Piedade Guilherme Junior Leite , Souza Cintya de Oliveira , Moura Tuane Carolina Ferreira , Bahia Marcia de Nazaré Miranda , Brasiliense Danielle Murici , Santos Denise Suéllen Amorim de Sousa , Morais Lena Lillian Canto de Sa , da Silva Dorotéa de Fátima Lobato , Carneiro Bruno Santana , Pinheiro Kenny da Costa , Junior Edivaldo Costa Sousa , Catete Clístenes Pamplona , Souza e Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula , Ferreira James Lima , Chagas Junior Wanderley Dias das , Machado Raiana Scerni , Tavares Fernando Neto , Resque Hugo Reis , dos Santos Lobo Patrícia , Guerra Sylvia de Fátima dos Santos , Soares Luana Silva , da Silva Luciana Damascena , Gabbay Yvone Benchimol 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
The present study aimed to use a conventional and metagenomic approach to investigate the microbiological diversity of water bodies in a network of drainage channels and rivers located in the central area of the city of Belém, northern Brazil, which is considered one of the largest cities in the Brazilian Amazon.

Methods and results
In eight of the analyzed points, both bacterial and viral microbiological indicators of environmental contamination—physical–chemical and metals—were assessed. The bacterial resistance genes, drug resistance mechanisms, and viral viability in the environment were also assessed. A total of 473 families of bacteria and 83 families of viruses were identified. Based on the analysis of metals, the levels of three metals (Cd, Fe, and Mn) were found to be above the recommended acceptable level by local legislation. The levels of the following three physicochemical parameters were also higher than recommended: biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Sixty-three bacterial resistance genes that conferred resistance to 13 different classes of antimicrobials were identified. Further, five mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance were identified and viral viability in the environment was confirmed.

Conclusions
Intense human actions combined with a lack of public policies and poor environmental education of the population cause environmental degradation, especially in water bodies. Thus, urgent interventions are warranted to restore the quality of this precious and scarce asset worldwide.
Evaluating the validity of the nursing statements algorithmically generated based on the International Classifications of Nursing Practice for respiratory nursing care using large language models
Authors: Kim Hyeoneui , Park Hyewon , Kang Sunghoon , Kim Jinsol , Kim Jeongha , Jung Jinsun , Taira Ricky 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to facilitate the creation of quality standardized nursing statements in South Korea’s hospitals using algorithmic generation based on the International Classifications of Nursing Practice (ICNP) and evaluation through Large Language Models.

Materials and Methods
We algorithmically generated 15 972 statements related to acute respiratory care using 117 concepts and concept composition models of ICNP. Human reviewers, Generative Pre-trained Transformers 4.0 (GPT-4.0), and Bio_Clinical Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) evaluated the generated statements for validity. The evaluation by GPT-4.0 and Bio_ClinicalBERT was conducted with and without contextual information and training.

Results
Of the generated statements, 2207 were deemed valid by expert reviewers. GPT-4.0 showed a zero-shot AUC of 0.857, which aggravated with contextual information. Bio_ClinicalBERT, after training, significantly improved, reaching an AUC of 0.998.

Conclusion
Bio_ClinicalBERT effectively validates auto-generated nursing statements, offering a promising solution to enhance and streamline healthcare documentation processes.
Generative large language models are all-purpose text analytics engines: text-to-text learning is all your need
Authors: Peng Cheng , Yang Xi , Chen Aokun , Yu Zehao , Smith Kaleb E , Costa Anthony B , Flores Mona G , Bian Jiang , Wu Yonghui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
To solve major clinical natural language processing (NLP) tasks using a unified text-to-text learning architecture based on a generative large language model (LLM) via prompt tuning.

Methods
We formulated 7 key clinical NLP tasks as text-to-text learning and solved them using one unified generative clinical LLM, GatorTronGPT, developed using GPT-3 architecture and trained with up to 20 billion parameters. We adopted soft prompts (ie, trainable vectors) with frozen LLM, where the LLM parameters were not updated (ie, frozen) and only the vectors of soft prompts were updated, known as prompt tuning. We added additional soft prompts as a prefix to the input layer, which were optimized during the prompt tuning. We evaluated the proposed method using 7 clinical NLP tasks and compared them with previous task-specific solutions based on Transformer models.

Results and Conclusion
The proposed approach achieved state-of-the-art performance for 5 out of 7 major clinical NLP tasks using one unified generative LLM. Our approach outperformed previous task-specific transformer models by ∼3% for concept extraction and 7% for relation extraction applied to social determinants of health, 3.4% for clinical concept normalization, 3.4%-10% for clinical abbreviation disambiguation, and 5.5%-9% for natural language inference. Our approach also outperformed a previously developed prompt-based machine reading comprehension (MRC) model, GatorTron-MRC, for clinical concept and relation extraction. The proposed approach can deliver the “one model for all” promise from training to deployment using a unified generative LLM.
42 Multimodal NRF2 and mTOR-targeted Microparticle-based Therapy Reprograms Systemic and Pulmonary Immune Programming After Combined Injury
Authors: Alves Matthew , Maile Robert , Clark Ryan , Hernandez Denise A , Willis Micah L , Smythe Madelyn P , Wallet Shannon , Keselowsky Ben 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Despite recent advancements in burn wound management, individuals afflicted with severe burn injuries face heightened susceptibility to opportunistic infections, largely attributed to a hyper pro-inflammatory response followed by a chronic compensatory anti-inflammatory response. Our prior research has identified 1) Nuclear Factor-Erythroid-2-Related Factor (NRF2) as a critical immunomodulatory component, that when activated, induces protective anti-inflammatory pathways after injury, and 2) Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) that, when inhibited, reduces pro-inflammatory responses. However, therapeutic use of these targets is limited, as known modulators of these pathways are insoluble in saline and require long-term application. We hypothesized that administering NRF2 agonist (CDDO) in addition to Rapamycin encapsulated in soluble Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MP) will reduce the acute hyper-inflammatory response following a burn injury.

Methods
To assess this, we conducted in vivo experiments using our murine model of burn and smoke inhalation (BI) injury. We utilized female C57BL/6 mice and separated them into four groups (n=6 per group): (1) Sham, (2) BI, (3) BI+CDDO, and (4) BI+CDDO+Rapamycin MP (combo-MP). An hour after the burn, the mice were resuscitated, and MP administered IP. After 48 hours, we collected and isolated total splenic and lung tissue mRNA and analyzed immune gene expression using nanoString.

Results
We found significant changes in the activation patterns of immune genes and their associated pathways. For example, in mice administered with CDDO-MP, splenic tissue displayed a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in the activation of inflammatory genes when compared to untreated BI, such as CASP1 gene and CD9. Mice treated with combo-MP had a significant reduction in inflammatory genes associated with mTOR pathway, such as CCL9 and C3 when compared to those only treated with CDDO-MP. To examine the molecular pathways influenced by the drugs, we conducted an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The IPA confirmed the significantly (p-value &lt; 0.05) increased anti-inflammatory signaling by downregulation of Pathogen Induced Cytokine Storm Signaling when compared to CDDO mice

Conclusions
Our findings strongly suggest that the multi-modal MP-based therapy holds considerable promise in reprogramming the immune response after burn injuries, particularly by mitigating the hyper-inflammatory phase.

Applicability of Research to Practice
This research identifies targets that are likely applicable to therapeutic targeting to reduce patient morbidity and mortality after burn and combined injuries.
43 The Development of the Preschool Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Short Forms
Authors: McGwin Madeleine , Ni Pengsheng , Patel Khushbu F , Surette Kate , Gladstone Alexandra R , Palmieri Tina L , Murphy Michael , Stoddard, Jr. Frederick J , Schneider Jeffrey C , Kazis Lewis E , Ryan Colleen M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Preschool Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Computer adaptive test (PS-LIBRE1-5 CAT) has been developed using item response theory methods and CAT technologies. While the CAT can provide precise, real-time assessment, it can be limited in its use due to advanced technological requirements. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop PS-LIBRE1-5 short forms (SFs). This is the next logical step for the PS-LIBRE1-5 project as it will improve the accessibility of the instrument in the absence of advanced computer technology.

Methods
Data from the field-testing and calibration of the PS-LIBRE1-5 was assessed for SF usage. The items were iteratively added into a short form. The candidate item was selected based on maximizing the expected value of the test information function (TIF), which is the sum of TIF weighted by the sample score distribution. This process considers both information function and sample distribution, however it does not prevent from selecting an item with very high information value, covering a narrow score range. Therefore, the highest test information value for each candidate short form was constrained to a reliability value of 0.8. Differential item functioning (DIF) was examined for age, burn size, sex, parent education level, and burn location. Cronbach alpha and score correlations were used to assess internal consistency, reliability and validity. The number of items for a SF was set at 10.

Results
The PS-LIBRE1-5 SFs were developed using data from 498 parents of burn survivors, ages 1 to 5 years, who participated in the field-testing of the item pool. The mean ± SD child age was 3.0 ± 1.4 years with 55.2% males. Mean TBSA burned was 4.2% and average time since burn was 1.1 years. 10-item short forms were developed to cover three PS-LIBRE1-5 scales: Communication and Language, Physical Functioning and Emotional Well-being. The DIF analysis resulted in two short forms for Communication and Language; &gt;3 and ≤3 years old. Ceiling effects were ≤15% and floor effects were &lt; 1% for all scales. The marginal reliability of the SFs ranged from 0.74 to 0.90. The Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.86 to 0.90. Score correlation of the SFs to full item bank was 0.97 to 0.98.

Conclusions
The scales of the PS-LIBRE1-5 performed credibly well and were psychometrically sound in the development of SFs. Following final validation, these short forms will be tested for use in clinical practice and for future observational studies and clinical interventions.

Applicability of Research to Practice
PS-LIBRE1-5 SFs have been developed and can be used to generate reasonable estimations of the CAT score for the PS- LIBRE1-5, with the goal to improve accessibility of the instrument in clinical and research settings.
72 Daily Physical Activity Moderates the Relationship Between Symptoms and Social Participation Outcomes After Burn Injury
Authors: Deng Huan , Abouzeid Cailin , Shepler Lauren , Slavin Mary D , Herrera-Escobar Juan , Kazis Lewis E , Ryan Colleen M , Schneider Jeffrey C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Prior literature shows that early physical and psychological symptoms predict late social participation outcomes after burn injury. However, there is little information on the role of survivor’s daily behavior as it relates to physical and psychological symptoms and social participation outcomes. This study examines if daily behaviors moderate the association of pain, depression, and anxiety symptoms with social participation outcomes after burn injury.

Methods
Adult burn survivors living in the community were enrolled in a 6-month study. Participants completed weekly surveys assessing physical symptom of pain (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity and Pain Interference), psychological symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)) and anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety), as well as social participation outcomes (Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) Profile Social Interactions and Social Activities). Additionally, a smartphone app and phone logs automatically recorded participants’ daily behaviors, including number of steps, travel miles, activity minutes, sleep hours, and number of phone call and message contacts. Multilevel models controlling for demographic and burn injury variables were separately conducted for each daily behavior to examine its moderation effect in the association between symptoms and social participation outcomes.

Results
A total of 24 burn survivors were included in this study with an average of 25 years after injury and 43% total body surface area burned. Lower (worse) LIBRE Social Interactions and LIBRE Social Activities scores were significantly associated with higher (worse) PROMIS Pain Intensity, PROMIS Pain Interference, PHQ, and PROMIS Anxiety scores (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, within-person daily number of steps and activity minutes significantly moderated the association between PROMIS Anxiety and LIBRE Social Activities (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The study findings indicate that survivors’ social participation outcomes are related to pain, depression, and anxiety symptoms after burn injury, and are buffered by daily physical activity.

Applicability of Research to Practice
This study may inform future interventions that target physical activity to improve outcomes and promote recovery after burn injury.
501 The Effect of Renal Failure on Acute Burn Mortality at a Tertiary Care Burn Center
Authors: Levine Ashley , Hollowell Jamie L , Bodek Benjamin , Agala Chris B , Maxwell Eli , Chrisco Lori , Matthews Robert W , King booker , Williams Felicia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There is an increased incidence of renal failure in the expanding aging population. However, the effect of renal failure as a co-morbid condition on burn mortality remains overlooked in conventional predictive models. Our retrospective analysis of burn survivors and non-survivors aims to critically evaluate management of burn patients with pre-existing renal failure.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing data from the Institutional Burn Center registry, which was linked to clinical and administrative records. Our study included all adult patients admitted to the Burn Center between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022. We collected and analyzed various parameters, including patient demographics, length of hospital stay (LOS), comorbid conditions, and mortality outcomes. We evaluated the association between renal failure and burn mortality using logistic regression modeling.

Results
Over the ten-year study period, a total of 9,955 adult patients were admitted to the BICU. 124 patients presented with a diagnosis of renal failure: 18 non-survivors, 106 survivors. Our analysis revealed that renal failure was associated with a nearly three-fold increase in the odds of mortality (OR 2.64, CI 1.33-5.01, p=0.004) when accounting for factors present in traditional predictive models such as burn size, age, and inhalational injury. Additionally, renal failure was identified as a co-morbidity in 6% of all deaths for this time frame and 14.5% of patients with this diagnosis on admission are deceased. These findings underscore the significant impact of renal failure on burn patient outcomes.

Conclusions
As our population continues to age, burn providers will increasingly encounter the complex challenge of managing an acute burn with multiple comorbidities. Our study highlights the intuitive understanding that patients with pre-existing renal failure have a heightened mortality risk when suffering from an acute burn injury. In light of this, it is imperative to consider potential adjustments to burn resuscitation and care protocols for this at-risk population, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the chances of survival to hospital discharge.

Applicability of Research to Practice
This study emphasizes the pressing need for further research into the effects of multiple comorbidities on mortality among burn patients. The insights gained from this research have practical implications for refining clinical approaches and optimizing care strategies for this vulnerable patient population.