bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transungual Penetration and Antifungal Activity of Seven Prescription and Over-the-Counter Topical Antifungals: In Vitro Comparison
Authors: Elabbasi Ali , Eltokhy Ahmed , Joseph Warren , Elewski Boni , Ghannoum Mahmoud 
Published: March 2024

Background: Onychomycosis is typically caused by dermatophytes of the species Trichophyton. Topical antifungals must penetrate the nail to reach the infection, though this can be inhibited by keratin binding within the nail. These in vitro experiments compared penetration of commercially available topical antifungals through keratin-free cellulose disks versus human nails to inhibit Trichophyton growth.
Methods: Seven topical antifungals were tested: 3 FDA-approved products indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis (ciclopirox 8% lacquer; efinaconazole 10% solution; tavaborole 5% solution) and 4 over-the-counter (OTC) products for fungal infections (tolnaftate 1% solutions [Formula 3, Formula 7, Tolcylen] and undecylenic acid 25% solution [Terpenicol]). Antifungal efficacy was assessed via cellulose disk diffusion assay. Each product was applied to a 6-mm cellulose disk and placed in the center of an agar plate (85 mm radius) seeded with a clinical isolate of T. rubrum or T. mentagrophytes (2 strains each; 3 replicates/strain for each product). After 4-7 days incubation, the zone of inhibition (ZI)—defined as the radius of the area of no fungal growth—was recorded. To assess the impact of nail penetration on antifungal efficacy, products were applied to the tops of human cadaverous great toenails and allowed to dry. Five 4-mm disks were punched from the middle of each nail and placed treated side up on seeded plates prior to measurement of ZI (5 replicates/strain for each product). In both experiments, results were averaged across the 2 strains of each fungal species and untreated nails served as negative controls.
Results: Among FDA-approved topicals in the cellulose disk diffusion assay, efinaconazole and tavaborole demonstrated maximal inhibition (ZI=85 mm) against both T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes; for ciclopirox, average ZIs were lower (59.0 mm; 55.7 mm, respectively). For OTC products, ZIs were 31.2-57.8 mm against T. rubrum and 25.7-47.7 mm against T. mentagrophytes. In the nail penetration assay, average ZI for FDA-approved topicals against both species was greatest for efinaconazole (T. rubrum: 82.1 mm; T. mentagrophytes: 63.8 mm), followed by tavaborole (63.5 mm; 39.1 mm) and ciclopirox (7.4 mm; 3.6 mm). Average ZI of OTC products ranged from 10.5-34.2 mm against both species. ZIs were generally not affected by nail thickness.
Conclusions: Our data show that FDA-approved and OTC topical antifungals penetrate cellulose disks more efficiently than cadaver nails, suggesting that keratin in the nails hampers nail penetration. Among all antifungals tested, ability to penetrate human toenails and inhibit growth of both T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes was greatest for efinaconazole, followed by tavaborole. These results indicate superior transungual penetration of efinaconazole compared to the other antifungals, perhaps due to lower keratin binding in the nail.
Funding: Ortho Dermatologics
Concealing Meets Healing in the Treatment of Toenail Onychomycosis: A Review of Concurrent Nail Polish Use With Topical Efinaconazole 10% Solution
Authors: Pandit Bela , Elewski Boni , Vlahovic Tracey 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Females are more likely than males to seek help or treatment for onychomycosis and are more likely to camouflage affected nails with nail polish. Between 2016 and 2022, over half of prescriptions for topical efinaconazole 10% solution were written for females, suggesting that there may be particular interest in the interaction between nail polish use concurrent with efinaconazole treatment for onychomycosis.
Methods: Review in vitro data on effects of nail polish on nail penetration of efinaconazole 10% solution and clinical studies on the impact of nail polish use on efficacy of topical efinaconazole in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis.
Results: Only 4 small studies have assessed interactions between efinaconazole 10% solution and concurrent nail polish use. In vitro, penetration of efinaconazole 10% solution through cadaverous human nails coated with traditional nail polish was similar to penetration through uncoated nails. In a 1-year clinical study, once-daily efinaconazole treatment for 48 weeks was associated with improvements in onychomycosis severity and clear toenail growth that were similar for participants who used traditional nail polish and those who did not use nail polish. In a second, 6-month clinical study, participants received once-daily efinaconazole treatment concurrent with monthly gel nail polish pedicures. After 6 months, 100% of participants tested negative for fungal infection (mycological cure) and all participants experienced visible improvements in their treated toenails. In clinical and in vitro studies, efinaconazole application was associated with degradation of traditional nail polish texture and appearance as well as color transfer to the applicator and unused medication. In contrast, efinaconazole did not affect the duration, quality, or texture of gel nail polish.
Conclusions: Application of nail polish did not prevent penetration of efinaconazole 10% solution through human nails or its successful use in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis. Further, efinaconazole did not impact the texture or appearance of gel-polished nails. To our knowledge, these findings represent the only available data on topical treatment of toenail onychomycosis with concurrent nail polish use, and may be of particular importance when selecting treatment options for female patients with onychomycosis.
Funding: Ortho Dermatologics
Bimekizumab Versus Secukinumab Continuous Maintenance of PASI 90 and PASI 100 Responses through One Year in Patients with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis: Post-HOC Results from the BE RADIANT Phase 3b Trial
Authors: Merola Joseph , Conrad Curdin , Foley Peter , Iversen Lars , Langley Richard , Kokolakis Georgios , Davis Leah , Hoepken Bengt , Dixon Joe , Warren Richard 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Bimekizumab (BKZ) is a monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin (IL)-17F in addition to IL‑17A.[1] Secukinumab (SEC) is a widely used monoclonal IgG1 antibody that targets IL-17A. BE RADIANT was the first phase 3 study to compare inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F with inhibition of IL-17A alone. Patient (pt) surveys have confirmed that maintaining a long-lasting response is a key treatment goal for patients who have already achieved skin clearance.[2,3]
Here, we assess the efficacy of BKZ vs SEC in continuously maintaining an improvement of ≥90% in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90), and PASI 100 responses, at every visit from Week (Wk)16 to Wk48 of treatment in pts with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Procedure/study: BE RADIANT was a phase 3b, randomized trial, consisting of a 48-week double-blinded, active comparator-controlled period followed by an open-label extension.[4] Pts were randomized 1:1 to BKZ 320 mg every 4 wks (Q4W) or SEC (weekly to Wk4 then Q4W). At Wk16, BKZ-randomized pts either continued to receive BKZ 320 mg Q4W or switched to BKZ 320 mg every 8 wks (Q8W). This analysis includes pts who achieved PASI 90 or 100 at Wk16 and continued to receive study medication at Wk16 or later, reported with BKZ dose groups pooled. We report the proportion of responders who continued to achieve their response at every study visit up to and including Wk48. Missing data were imputed as non-response.
Results: At baseline, 373 pts were randomized to BKZ, and 370 were randomized to SEC. At Wk16, 319/373 (85.5%) BKZ-randomized and 273/370 (73.8%) SEC-randomized pts achieved PASI 90; 230/373 (61.7%) and 180/370 (48.6%) achieved PASI 100. PASI 90 was continuously maintained at each study visit from Wk16–Wk48 by 242/319 (75.9%) BKZ-treated and 177/273 (64.8%) SEC-treated Wk16 responders. PASI 100 was continuously maintained through Wk48 by 139/230 (60.4%) BKZ-treated and 93/180 (51.7%) SEC-treated Wk16 responders.
Conclusion: A higher proportion of pts treated with BKZ continuously maintained their Wk16 PASI 90 and PASI 100 responses at every visit during the first treatment year compared to SEC.
Funding: UCB Pharma. Medical writing support: Costello Medical.
Factors Associated with Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Married Adolescent Girls in Kano, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ismail Hasiya T. , Amole Taiwo G. , Tsiga-Ahmed Fatima I. , Jalo Rabiu I. , Adamu Aishatu L. , Sani Mahmoud U. , Salihu Hamisu M. , Wester C. William , Aliyu Muktar H. 
Published: March 2024

Background and Objective
Married adolescents face significant obstacles in making informed reproductive health decisions and accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. It is important to identify barriers hindering these adolescents from accessing SRH services. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the utilization of SRH services among married adolescent girls in northern Nigeria.

Methods
We used a cross-sectional study design. The study population comprised of married female adolescents aged 14–19 years who were residents in the study areas for at least six months. The outcome measure was SRH service utilization, defined as the use of any of the conventional SRH services (ante/postnatal care, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling, sexually transmitted infections (STI) treatment, family planning, and post-abortion care). Predictor variables included the sociodemographic, obstetric, and gynecological characteristics of the respondents. An adapted, pretested, interviewer-administered, and semi-structured questionnaire was employed for data collection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the independent association between selected variables and utilization of SRH services.

Results
A total of 200 respondents were surveyed (100 each from an urban and a rural community in Kano, Nigeria), survey response rate: 94.5%. The age of respondents ranged from 14 to 19 years, with mean age (± standard deviation) of 18.5 (±1.1) years and 17.5 (±1.3) years for urban and rural respondents, respectively. All respondents were aware of the available SRH facilities and preferred public facilities (92.6% urban respondents and 67.0% rural respondents). Ever-use of SRH services was higher among urban than rural respondents (86% vs. 56%, respectively). Geographic proximity was a key factor for urban respondents (64.2%), while affordability was considered important by rural respondents (47.9%). Respondent’s age and partner’s occupation were independently associated with utilization of SRH services. Urban respondents whose husbands were businessmen were seven times more likely to use SRH services than those whose partners were civil servants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–35.84, P = 0.02). Rural respondents 18 years of age and older were approximately six times more likely to utilize SRH services than those <18 years (aOR = 5.71, 95% CI: 1.56–12.78, P = 0.01).

Conclusion and Global Health Implications
Awareness of available SRH services was high in the study population, and service utilization was influenced by the respondent’s age and partner’s occupation. Findings from this study can help inform the development of age-appropriate and accessible SRH services tailored to married adolescents in similar settings.
Efficacy of the Ponseti method in the treatment of neglected idiopathic talipes equinovarus at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Anetekhai Wilson Ikpemhi , Lasebikan Omolade Ayoola , Asuquo Joseph , Anetekhai Chinenye Juliet , Asuquo Best J 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
Neglected clubfoot is common in our environment, for multifactorial reasons. It could cause pain and psychological distress to the patient and parents. We assessed the efficacy of the Ponseti method in the treatment of neglected clubfoot in a Nigerian Hospital.

Material and Methods:
This was a 15-month prospective and interventional study. Patients at least one-year-old with untreated idiopathic talipes equino varus (ITEV) or inadequately nonoperatively treated ITEV were the study population. The number of castings required for correction, tenotomy rate, dorsiflexion angle before and after tenotomy, and abduction angle after treatment were obtained. The chi-square test of independence was used to test the relationship between categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to assess if the Pirani score at the presentation predicted a successful correction at the end of the study. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Forty-two children with 69 club feet were treated in this study. The mean age of presentation was 27.45 months (standard deviation [SD] = 19.22). The mean number of casting sessions required to achieve correction was 6.35 (SD = 1.95). The mean Pirani score at presentation was 4.27 (SD = 1.33) which reduced to 0.30 (SD = 0.35) after correction. The Pirani score at presentation had a positive correlation with the number of casts required for correction (r = 0.505, P < 0.001) but did not predict a successful correction after treatment. The success rate was 85.5%.

Conclusion:
The Ponseti method of treatment showed a high success rate in the treatment of neglected ITEV.
Language Style Used in Advertisements for Harper’s Bazaar Magazine: A Literary Study
Authors: Rugaiyah Rugaiyah , Ismail Syofianis 
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the language styles used in advertisements for Harper’s Bazaar magazine advertisements. The objective of the current study is to identify the stylistic features of magazine advertisements, particularly the stylistics features to provide valuable insights into how advertisers leverage linguistic and visual techniques to connect with their target audience and convey the essence of their brands. Understanding these stylistic strategies is not only valuable for advertisers and marketers but also for readers and consumers who engage with the content, making it an enriching exploration of the synergy between language, style, and fashion in the context of a prestigious British fashion magazine. The study was descriptive-qualitative and used documentation as the instrument. The data was taken from the September 2019 and April 2020 issues of "Harper's Bazaar Magazine which consisted of 28 advertisements. Content analysis was employed to analyze the language styles of advertisements. The results reveal that noun and noun phrases are the most frequently used in Harper’s Bazaar magazine. It also found figurative language, straightforward language, and emotive terms to accomplish their goals. This study contributes to the understanding of language styles in advertising and provides insights into the role of language in promoting products and shaping consumer behavior.
Theoretical foundations for studying Russian punctuation
Authors: Магомадова Т.Д. , Бахаева Л.М. , Джанаралиева З.К. 
Published: March 2024

В данной статье представлены теоретические сведения по изучению пунктуационных норм. Как известно, грамотным можно назвать того человека, который имеет высокий уровень развития устной и письменной речи. Одной из составляющих общей культуры человека является его пунктуационная сноровка. Правильное структурирование курса русского языка направлено не только на повышение уровня теоретических и практических умений и навыков в усвоении системы языка, но и на формирование языковой личности, культуры общения и целостного мировоззрения. Эти задачи в некоторой степени обеспечиваются изучением синтаксиса и пунктуации. Реализация принципов в системе усвоения пунктуации учащимися определяется методами обучения, классификация которых основывается на известных исследованиях русской методической науки, способствующей осознанию пунктуационных знаний и формированию соответствующих умений и навыков: традиционных (словесные (рассказ, беседа), работа с учебником, наглядностью, наблюдение за речью, практические методы (упражнения), репродуктивные, эвристические, объяснительно-иллюстративные, проблемные, игровые и т. п) и инновационные (метод презентации, ассоциативного объяснения, цветовых эффектов, метод проектов и т. д.), которые направлены на поиск новых способов учебной деятельности.
This article presents theoretical information on the study of punctuation norms. As you know, a person who has a high level of development of oral and written speech can be called literate. One of the components of a person’s general culture is his punctuation skill. The correct structuring of the Russian language course is aimed not only at increasing the level of theoretical and practical skills in mastering the language system, but also at the formation of a linguistic personality, a culture of communication and a holistic worldview. These tasks are supported to some extent by learning syntax and punctuation. The implementation of the principles in the system of mastering punctuation by students is determined by teaching methods, the classification of which is based on well-known studies of Russian methodological science, promoting the awareness of punctuation knowledge and the formation of relevant skills and abilities: traditional (verbal (story, conversation), work with a textbook, visualization, observation of speech , practical methods (exercises), reproductive, heuristic, explanatory-illustrative, problem-based, gaming, etc.) and innovative (method of presentation, associative explanation, color effects, project method, etc.), which are aimed at finding new ways educational activities.
Features of adaptation of first-graders to school
Authors: Фатерина О.А. , Мамедова Л.В. 
Published: March 2024

Актуальность данной темы обусловлена важным значением для образовательной и психологической практики, успешная адаптация детей влияет на их достижения не только в процессе обучения, но и вне его. Формируются предпосылки для успешного прохождения обучения в будущем, таким образом, научно обоснованные рекомендации в школе помогут как родителям, так и педагогам в адаптации первоклассников к обучению в школе. В статье рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на адаптацию первоклассников в школе, в том числе обусловленные сложностями перехода детей из дошкольного образования в начальное школьное. В результате анализа факторов предложены рекомендации, которые помогут родителям и педагогам ускорить процесс адаптации первоклассников в школе за счет создания необходимых условий, ускоряющих данный процесс. А также в статье приведен механизм, разработанный с целью усиления адаптации первоклассников к новой образовательной среде и поддержке их эмоционального равновесия. В результате данного механизма формируются оптимальные условия для повышения эффективности адаптации первоклассника в школе. Этот комплексный подход направлен на создание оптимальных условий для обучения и развития детей в начальной школе.
The relevance of this topic is due to its importance for educational and psychological practice; the successful adaptation of children affects their achievements not only in the learning process, but also outside it. The prerequisites for successful completion of education in the future are being formed, thus, scientifically based recommendations at school will help both parents and teachers in adapting first-graders to school. The article examines the factors influencing the adaptation of first-graders at school, including those caused by the difficulties of children's transition from preschool to primary school. As a result of the analysis of factors, recommendations were proposed that will help parents and teachers speed up the process of adaptation of first-graders at school by creating the necessary conditions that accelerate this process. The article also presents a mechanism developed to enhance the adaptation of first-graders to the new educational environment and support their emotional balance. As a result of this mechanism, optimal conditions are formed to increase the effectiveness of first-grader adaptation at school. This comprehensive approach is aimed at creating optimal conditions for the learning and development of children in primary school.
Interactive teaching methods in the context of intercultural communication in foreign language lessons in universities
Authors: Давлетукаева А.Ш. , Газимаева Х.А. 
Published: March 2024

На современном этапе развития высшего образования актуальным является рассмотрение особенностей применения интерактивных методов обучения в контексте формирования межкультурной компетенции у студентов вузов. В настоящей статье анализируется влияние интерактивных методик на усвоение иностранного языка в условиях поликультурного образовательного пространства российских университетов. В качестве материалов исследования выступили учебные планы и рабочие программы дисциплин иностранных языков в ведущих вузах России. Для сбора эмпирических данных был проведен анкетный опрос 183 студентов 1-4 курсов филологических факультетов ряда университетов. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о высокой эффективности проектных, деловых и ролевых игр, дискуссий и мозговых штурмов при обучении иностранным языкам в мультикультурной среде вуза. Интерактивные формы обучения способствуют развитию социокультурной компетенции студентов, их коммуникативных и когнитивных навыков. Были рассчитаны абсолютные и относительные показатели, проведен кластерный анализ для выявления групп респондентов. Таким образом, комплексный подход к сбору первичных данных, включающий как анализ нормативных документов, так и проведение социологического исследования среди целевой аудитории, позволил всесторонне оценить особенности применения интерактивных методик обучения иностранным языкам в поликультурном пространстве российских вузов.
At the present stage of development of higher education, it is relevant to consider the features of the use of interactive teaching methods in the context of the formation of intercultural competence among university students. This article analyzes the influence of interactive techniques on the acquisition of a foreign language in the multicultural educational environment of Russian universities. The research materials were the curricula and work programs of foreign language disciplines in leading universities in Russia. To collect empirical data, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 183 1st-4th year students of philological faculties of a number of universities. The results of the study indicate the high effectiveness of project, business and role-playing games, discussions and brainstorming when teaching foreign languages in a multicultural university environment. Interactive forms of learning contribute to the development of students' sociocultural competence, their communication and cognitive skills. Absolute and relative indicators were calculated, and cluster analysis was carried out to identify groups of respondents. Thus, an integrated approach to collecting primary data, including both an analysis of regulatory documents and conducting sociological research among the target audience, made it possible to comprehensively assess the features of the use of interactive methods of teaching foreign languages in the multicultural space of Russian universities.