bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DSM‐IV combined type ADHD shows familial association with sibling trait scores: A sampling strategy for QTL linkage
Authors: Chen Wai , Zhou Kaixin , Sham Pak , Franke Barbara , Kuntsi Jonna , Campbell Desmond , Fleischman Karin , Knight Jo , Andreou Penny , Arnold Renée , Altink Marieke , Boer Frits , Boholst Mary Jane , Buschgens Cathelijne , Butler Louise , Christiansen Hanna , Fliers Ellen , Howe‐Forbes Raoul , Gabriëls Isabel , Heise Alexander , Korn‐Lubetzki Isabelle , Marco Rafaela , Medad She'era , Minderaa Ruud , Müller Ueli C. , Mulligan Aisling , Psychogiou Lamprini , Rommelse Nanda , Sethna Vaheshta , Uebel Henrik , McGuffin Peter , Plomin Robert , Banaschewski Tobias , Buitelaar Jan , Ebstein Richard , Eisenberg Jacques , Gill Michael , Manor Iris , Miranda Ana , Mulas Fernando , Oades Robert D. , Roeyers Herbert , Rothenberger Aribert , Sergeant Joseph , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund , Steinhausen Hans‐Christoph , Taylor Eric , Thompson Margaret , Faraone Stephen V. , Asherson Philip 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a discrete clinical syndrome characterized by the triad of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in the context of marked impairments. Molecular genetic studies have been successful in identifying genetic variants associated with ADHD, particularly with DSM‐IV inattentive and combined subtypes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) approaches to linkage and association mapping have yet to be widely used in ADHD research, although twin studies investigating individual differences suggest that genetic liability for ADHD is continuously distributed throughout the population, underscoring the applicability of quantitative dimensional approaches. To investigate the appropriateness of QTL approaches, we tested the familial association between 894 probands with a research diagnosis of DSM‐IV ADHD combined type and continuous trait measures among 1,135 of their siblings unselected for phenotype. The sibling recurrence rate for ADHD combined subtype was 12.7%, yielding a sibling recurrence risk ratio (λsib) of 9.0. Estimated sibling correlations around 0.2–0.3 are similar to those estimated from the analysis of fraternal twins in population twin samples. We further show that there are no threshold effects on the sibling risk for ADHD among the ADHD probands; and that both affected and unaffected siblings contributed to the association with ADHD trait scores. In conclusion, these data confirm the main requirement for QTL mapping of ADHD by demonstrating that narrowly defined DSM‐IV combined type probands show familial association with dimensional ADHD symptom scores amongst their siblings. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A genomic scan for age at onset of alzheimer's disease in 437 families from the NIMH genetic initiative
Authors: Dickson M. Ryan , Li Jian , Wiener Howard W. , Perry Rodney T. , Blacker Deborah , Bassett Susan S. , Go Rodney C. P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe performed linkage analysis for age at onset (AAO) in the total Alzheimer's disease (AD) NIMH sample (N = 437 families). Families were subset as late‐onset (320 families, AAO ≥65) and early/mixed (117 families, at least 1 member with 50< AAO <65). Treating AAO as a censored trait, we obtained the gender and APOE adjusted residuals in a parametric survival model and analyzed the residuals as the quantitative trait (QT) in variance‐component linkage analysis. For comparison, AAO–age at exam (AAE) was analyzed as the QT adjusting for affection status, gender, and APOE. Heritabilities for residual and AAO–AAE outcomes were 66.3% and 74.0%, respectively for the total sample, 56.0% and 57.0% in the late‐onset sample, and 33.0% for both models in the early/mixed sample. The residual model yielded the largest peaks on chromosome 1 with LOD = 2.0 at 190 cM in the total set, LOD = 1.7 at 116 cM on chromosome 3 in the early/mixed subset, and LOD = 1.4 at 71 and 86 cM, respectively, on chromosome 6 in the late‐onset subset. For the AAO–AAE outcome model the largest peaks were identified on chromosome 1 at 137 cM (LOD = 2.8) and chromosome 6 at 69 cM (LOD = 2.3) and 86 cM (LOD = 2.2) all in the late‐onset subset. Additional peaks with LOD ≥1 were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12 for the total sample and each subset. Results replicate previous findings, but identify additional suggestive peaks indicating the genetics of AAO in AD is complex with many chromosomal regions potentially containing modifying genes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms in the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene influence plasma total homocysteine levels
Authors: Tunbridge Elizabeth M. , Harrison Paul J. , Warden Donald R. , Johnston Carole , Refsum Helga , Smith A. David 
Published: January 2008

AbstractElevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for various disorders. We investigated whether functional polymorphisms in catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) influence tHcy, since COMT activity producesS‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), a homocysteine precursor. We hypothesized that high activity COMT variants would be associated with high tHcy, since they presumably result in increased formation of SAH. We genotyped 780 community‐dwelling elderly individuals for functionalCOMT(Val158Met and A−287G) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; C677T) polymorphisms, and measured plasma tHcy. As predicted,COMTVal158carriers had significantly higher tHcy than Met158homozygotes. The effect was limited to individuals homozygous for theMTHFRT677allele. In addition, individuals homozygous for theCOMTG−287allele tended to have lower tHcy levels. High activity variants ofCOMTinteract with the low activity variant ofMTHFRto increase tHcy levels. The effect on tHcy may contribute to the reported associations of COMT genotype with psychiatric and neurobiological phenotypes. The results also indicate that COMT activity may influence a broader range of biochemical pathways than hitherto appreciated. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physiological and behavioral effects of social introduction on adult male rhesus macaques
Authors: Doyle Lara A. , Baker Kate C. , Cox Lauren D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPair housing of laboratory macaques is widely considered to lead to positive changes in well‐being, yet the process of introduction is viewed as potentially stressful and risk‐prone. Behavioral and physiological data were collected on eight adult male rhesus macaques before, during, and after the process of introduction, in order to measure the initial stress of introduction as well as long‐term changes in well‐being. Socially experienced subjects, all implanted with biotelemetry devices, were studied in five successive phases: baseline (singly housed), 1 day each of protected contact and full contact introduction, post‐introduction (1–3 weeks after introduction), and settled pairs (≥20 weeks after introduction). One hundred and seventy‐six hours of behavioral data and 672 hr of heart rate data were analyzed. Fecal cortisol was also measured for the baseline, post‐introduction, and settled pair phases. All introductions were successful and subjects showed no physiological or behavioral signs of stress, such as increased heart rate, abnormal behavior, or psychological indices of distress (depressive/anxiety‐related behavior). Agonism was minimal throughout the introduction process and over the subsequent months; only one wound was incurred over the course of the study. Levels of abnormal behaviors, psychological indices of distress, locomotion, inactivity, and affiliation showed improvements within several weeks after introduction; these changes were still present 5–9 months later for the latter two categories. Heart rates during introduction fell significantly in the settled pair phase, and also varied predictably with time of day. Fecal cortisol levels were lower in settled pairs than in single housing. The fact that reductions in abnormal behavior did not persist over the long term may have been confounded by increasing duration of time spent caged. The results of this study may be of practical use for designing and monitoring social introductions and suggest that managers should not dismiss the feasibility of successful pairing of adult male rhesus macaques. Am. J. Primatol. 70:542–550, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stipanowich resigns, and heads to Pepperdine's Straus Institute
Authors: Bleemer Russ 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCPR President Thomas J. Stipanowich will depart to become academic director at Pepperdine University School of Law's Straus Institute. Full details on the move are provided, along with information on CPR's Annual ADR Award winners; a new commission on facilities for mass claims' resolution, and more.
Resin I: Synthesis, characterization, and ion‐exchange properties of terpolymer resins derived from 2,4‐dihydroxypropiophenone, biuret, and formaldehyde
Authors: Tarase M. V. , Zade A. B. , Gurnule W. B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTerpolymers (2,4‐DHPBF) were synthesized by the condensation of 2,4‐dihydro‐xypropiophenone, biuret, and formaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst with varying the molar ratio of reacting monomers. Terpolymer composition has been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis and their number–average molecular weight of these resin were determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. The viscosity measurements were carried out in N,N‐dimethyl formamide which indicate normal behavior. IR spectra were studied to elucidate the structure. The terpolymer resin has been further characterized by UV–visible and 1H‐NMR spectra. The newly synthesized terpolymers proved to be selective chelating ion‐exchange terpolymers for certain metals. The chelating ion‐exchange properties of this terpolymer was studied for Fe (III), Cu (II), Hg (II), Cd (II), Co (II), Zn (II), Ni (II), and Pb (II) ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurement of the distribution of a given metal ion between the terpolymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths. The terpolymer showed a higher selectivity for Fe (III), Hg (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) ions than for Cu (II), Co (II), Zn (II), and Ni (II) ions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Terpolymer resin II: Synthesis, characterization, and ion‐exchange properties of 2,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone–dithiooxamide–formaldehyde terpolymers
Authors: Rahangdale S. S. , Zade A. B. , Gurnule W. B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTerpolymers have been prepared by the condensation of 2,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone (2,4‐HA) and dithiooxamide (D) with formaldehyde (F) in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst with varying the molar proportions of the reactant. Compositions of the terpolymer have been determined by elemental analysis. The number average molecular weight $\overline M_n$ has been determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. Intrinsic viscosities of the solution of the terpolymer have been determined in N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF). The terpolymers have been characterized by UV–visible, IR, and proton NMR spectra. Chelation ion‐exchange properties have also been studied employing the batch equilibrium method. It was employed to study selectivity of metal ion uptake over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strength. The overall rate of metal uptake follows the order: Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ = Zn2+. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Using polystyrene‐co‐maleic acid for molecularly imprinted membranes prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Kobayashi Takaomi , Leong Su Si , Zhang Quanqiu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSupercritical CO2 (ScCO2) has been used to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers of poly(styrene‐co‐maleic acid) (PSMA) for targeted uracil (URA). The condition of ScCO2 was on 16 MPa between 35 and 50°C. The resultant imprinted membranes prepared at 35 and 50°C bound URA with 9.2 ± 0.10 and 12.6 ± 0.06 μmol g−1, respectively. Competitive binding studies were undertaken in binary substrate solution containing each of URA/DMURA, URA/Thymine, and URA/Cytosine with 2 μM. The URA imprinted membrane showed high separation factor (α) with 17 for both URA/DMURA and URA/Thymine and for URA/Cytosine, α = 13. Results strongly suggested that the URA imprinted membrane had effective selectivity hydrogen bonding to separately bind in the binary components to the template. Effect of organic solvents on the URA imprinting in ScCO2 was also studied, in addition to comparison of properties with those obtained in both ScCO2 and water. Evidence presented that ScCO2 medium was effective to prepare the URA imprinted membrane. We discussed that ScCO2 fluid was efficient to fix the shape of URA template into the PSMA membrane through hydrogen bonding. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Surface characterization of PET nonwoven fabric treated by He/O2 atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Shin Younsook , Yoo Dong Il 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe surface of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabric was modified by He/O2 atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, varying plasma exposure time. The plasma treated PET surfaces have been analyzed to investigate the chemical nature and morphology of surface by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The change of wettability was measured depending on plasma exposure time. XPS results indicated the presence of oxygen‐based functional groups on the PET nonwoven fabric surface after plasma treatment and oxygen content increased as exposure time increased. The mean roughness increased after 30 s exposure and further increase in exposure to 60 s led to decrease of the roughness and then again increase. The root mean square roughness followed the similar trend to mean roughness. The average difference in height, Rz, increased after plasma exposure for 30 s, while it slightly decreased after 60 s exposure. Despite of redeposition, the Rz of 90 s exposed sample increased more than two times compared with those of 30 and 60 s exposed. Wettability increased progressively up to 10 times after 90 s exposure compared with the untreated. It is attributed to the increases of hydrophilicity and surface roughness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Mechanical properties and linear infrared dichroism of thin films of polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Bistričić Lahorija , Leskovac Mirela , Baranović Goran , Blagojević Sanja Lučić 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMorphological, mechanical, and Fourier transform infrared dichroic investigations were performed on neat polyurethane (PU) polymer matrix and PU+CaCO3 nanocomposite thin films to determine how the nanofiller influenced the mechanical properties. The measurements were performed on strips that were cut from the prepared films in parallel and perpendicular directions with respect to the direction of film preparation. Optical microscopy of PU and the PU+CaCO3 nanocomposite revealed the strain‐induced transition from a continuous spherulitic morphology to a fiberlike structure. The stress–strain behavior of the neat PU and PU+CaCO3 nanocomposite films showed significant differences at large strain regimes. The experimental results suggest that the mechanical properties were strongly related to the orientational behavior of the separated phases. The orientation of the hard and soft segments was analyzed by the orientation function calculated from the IR absorbances. A correlation between the orientations of segments, tensile properties, and hardness of the investigated polymer films was established. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A Cell‐Based Adrenaline Assay for Automated High‐Throughput Activity Screening of Epoxide Hydrolases
Authors: Kahakeaw Daniel , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHerein we describe the development of a cell‐based pretest for high‐throughput screening of the activity of epoxide hydrolases (EHs) by using the chemistry of the known adrenaline test. It is a practical tool for the directed evolution of EHs as catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry and/or for assaying culture strains. The pretest can be applied to a wide variety of epoxide substrates, thereby circumventing the need for cell rupture and enzyme purification. In the present study we focus on parameters to improve assay specificity and sensitivity in order to obtain a robust and reproducible cell‐based test. The introduction of threshold values allows a clear and reliable hit identification which is a prerequisite for industrial or academic prescreens probing thousands of samples in strain collections or in directed evolution libraries.
Juvenile toxicity assessment of d,l‐methylphenidate in rats
Authors: Beckman David A. , Schneider Marilynn , Youreneff Maureen , Tse Francis L.S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The oral administration of d,l‐methylphenidate (MPH) was designed to encompass the major part of postnatal development in the rat and to evaluate potential chronic effects. METHODS: Wistar Hannover rats were cross‐fostered on postpartum day 0 (day of birth) and were administered MPH at doses of 5, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day (mpkd) on postpartum days 7 to 70. Clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, developmental, behavioral, clinical/anatomic pathology, toxicokinetic, and fertility evaluations were conducted. RESULTS: MPH‐related effects on clinical signs, body weight, and behavior tests were noted. Increased locomotor activity and cage biting/chewing occurred at ≥5 mpkd (females) and ≥50 mpkd (males) and were absent after dosing ceased. Body weight parameters were decreased at ≥50 mpkd and were comparable to controls at 5 weeks' recovery. Open field motor activity tests conducted 2 weeks after dosing ceased revealed decreased peripheral beam breaks at ≥50 mpkd. Passive avoidance tests conducted 3 weeks after dosing ceased indicated decreased females reaching learning criterion at 100 mpkd. This is considered of nominal significance as there were no effects in the water maze test or retention in passive avoidance test. After multiple doses, females exhibited higher exposures than males and exposures were reduced in all groups in comparison to those after a single dose. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MPH can produce enduring behavioral effects in rats. The no‐toxicologic‐effect‐level was 5 mpkd, associated with AUC(0–24 h) racemate values in males and females, respectively, of 101 and 153 ng.h/mL after chronic dosing. Birth Defects Res (Part B) © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of radiotherapy response in cervix cancer by Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study
Authors: Vidyasagar M. S. , Maheedhar K. , Vadhiraja B. M. , Fernendes Donald J. , Kartha V. B. , Krishna C. Murali 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRadiotherapy is the choice of treatment for locally advanced stages of the cervical cancers, one of the leading female cancers. Because of intrinsic factors, tumors of same clinical stage and histological type often exhibit differential radioresponse. Radiotherapy regimen, from first fraction of treatment to clinical evaluation of response, spans more than 4 months. Clinical assessment by degree of tumor shrinkage is the only routinely practiced method to evaluate the tumor response. Hence, a need is created for development new methodologies that can predict the tumor response to radiotherapy at an early stage of the treatment which can lead to tailor‐made protocols. To explore the feasibility of prediction of tumor radioresponse, Raman spectra of cervix cancer tissues that were collected before (malignant) and 24 h after patient was treated with 2nd fraction of radiotherapy (RT) were recorded. Data were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and results were correlated with clinical evaluation of radioresponse. Mean Raman spectra of RT tissues corresponding to different levels of tumor response, complete, partial, and no response, showed minute but significant variations. The unsupervised PCA of malignant tissues failed to provide any classification whereas RT spectra gave clear classification between responding (complete and partial response) and nonresponding conditions as well as a tendency of separation among responding conditions. These results were corroborated by supervised classification, by means of discrimination parameters: Mahalanobis distance and spectral residuals. Thus, findings of the study suggest the feasibility of Raman spectroscopic prediction of tumor radioresponse in cervical cancers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 530–537, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The relationships between learning outcomes and methods of teaching anatomy as perceived by professional anatomists
Authors: Patel K.M. , Moxham B.J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChanges in the teaching of gross anatomy have often involved decreasing student contact time alongside the use of new methods for teaching. However, there remains controversy over teaching methods and about whether cadaveric dissection by students should remain the preferred method. Furthermore, decisions concerning changes to curricula are more likely to be taken by choosing a method of teaching rather than by proper evaluation of what are the desired learning outcomes for a course in anatomy. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the attitudes of anatomists in Europe towards the methods of teaching best fitting a series of learning outcomes for anatomy and secondarily to test the hypothesis that, from evaluation of learning outcomes, anatomy is best taught by cadaveric dissection by the students. About 113 completed questionnaires were received from anatomists who are employed at higher education institutions that use various teaching methods. Most anatomists (69%) favored the use of cadaveric dissection above other teaching methods when considering the whole series of learning comes, this method seeming to achieve a range of different course aims/objectives, P < 0.001; Kruskal–Wallis). Consequently, these findings are consistent with our initial hypothesis. However, when individual learning outcomes were considered, the relationship was not so clear cut and, for example, little difference was discernible between teaching methods when considering learning outcomes related to the acquisition of anatomical knowledge. The use of human cadaveric dissection gained more approval when the skills‐base was considered rather than just the content(knowledge)‐base of an anatomical course. Clin. Anat. 21:182–189, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.