bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modalités des néogeneses dans des systèmes hétérogènes renfermant des phases peu solubles
Authors: Besson H. , Caillère S. , Hénin S. 
Published: December 2006

RésuméLe dispositif expérimental utilisé comporte une série de sacs à dialyse renfermant des gels de silice, d'alumine, isolés, mélangés ou coprécipités et un sac renfermant un de magnésium hydraté ou un précipité d'hydroxyde de magnésium.En fin d'expérience, les matériaux ont été recueillis et étudiés afin d'établir leur composition chimique et minéralogique.On constate que, lorsque la silice a beaucoup migré, le magnésium a peu migré et vice versa. En effet, les rapportset R(MgO) calculé de la méme façon sont relies approximativement par la formule suivante:Si on considere les minéraux formés, on constate que, pour les valeurs élevées de R(SiO2), l'alumine évolue sous forme d'hydroxyde alors que, pour les fortes valeurs de R(MgO), on tend à obtenir l'hydrotalcite.Les auteurs proposent une interprétation de ces différents comportements. Le fait le plus remarquable est que pour les très fortes values de R(MgO), on se trouve dans les conditions de l'adsorption.Ces résultats signifient que, dans un système hétérogène renfermant des constituants peu solubles, il existe au voisinage de ces derniers des conditions de genèse particulières.
Polymerisation de benzene en polyparaphenylene dans une montmorillonite cuivrique
Authors: Stoessel F. , Guth J. L. , Wey R. 
Published: December 2006

RésuméLors de l'étude des produits d'adsorption du benzène sur une montmorillonite cuivrique partiellement déshydratée (P4O10 et vide), la polymérisation du benzène en polyparaphénylène a été mise en évidence. Cette polymérisation a lieu au cours de cycles de déshydratation — adsorption — réhydratation à l'air, à partir de la forme rouge du complexe montmorillonite — cuivre II — benzène. Le polymère, caractérisé par spectroscopie infra-rouge, est formé dans l'espace interfoliaire de la montmorillonite comme le montrent les diagrammes de rayons X. Les mécanismes réactionnels possibles sont discutés.
Influence des substances humiques sur les proprietes des argiles
Authors: Chassin P. , Nakaya N. , Le Berre B. 
Published: December 2006

RésuméL'étude de l'adsorption des acides fulviques, des acides humiques ou de leur mélange par la montmorillonite saturée avec du calcium ou de l'aluminium permet de: (i) définir les mécanismes de fixation des substances humiques en phase aqueuse; (ii) préciser une orientation différente des moécules adsorbées selon leur nature; acides fulviques ou acides humiques; (iii) caractériser une forte sélectivité d'adsorption pour les molécules les moins polymérisées.A partir de ces résultats, il est montré que, d'une part, la flexibilité des molécules est un paramètre important pour les propriétés de sélectivité et, d'autre part, les acides humiques ne peuvent pas être considérés en équilibre avec les acides fulviques.
The characterization of serpentine minerals by X-ray diffraction
Authors: Whittaker E. J. W. , Zussman J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryX-ray diffraction data on serpentine minerals are discussed. There arc three structural varieties of chrysotile: ortho-chrysotile, clino-chrysotile, and para-chrysotile. Methods are described for the estimation of the proportions of the first two of these in mixed specimens, and their distribution in nature is reviewed. The variations observed in powder photographs of serpentine minerals are interpreted in accordance with this classification. The criteria proposed by Selfridge for distinguishing between chrysotile and antigorite are shown to be unreliable, but valid criteria are presented. The powder photographs also reveal the existence of a third serpentine mineral, distinct from chrysotile and antigorite, for which the name lizardite is proposed. Four samples of bastite are shown to consist of chrysotile or lizardite rather than antigorite. All the serpentine minerals examined consist either of antigorite or of one or more of the group comprising lizardite and the chrysotile varieties.
Heating experiments on amazonite
Authors: Oftedal Ivar 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe rate of decolorization of a Norwegian amazonite was studied at various temperatures: near 500° C. it was almost instantaneous, becoming successively slower with lower temperatures, until at 300° C. no change was visible in 10 hours. It is concluded that the colour is stable indefinitely below about 270° C. and that this is the maximum temperature at which the colour could have appeared.
Painite, a new mineral from Mogok, Burma
Authors: Claringbull G. F. , Hey Max H. , Payne C. J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA singly terminated transparent, deep-garnet-red crystal originally weighing 1·7g. from a gem gravel from Mogok, Burma, proves to be a new mineral having Al2O3 76·2, SiO2 5·6, B2O3 2·2, CaO 15·7, H2O 0·7, Fe2O3 and MnO traces, total 100·4. Sp. gr. 4·01; ω 1·8159, ɛ 1·7875; H 8. The hexagonal unit cell has a 8·725, c 8·46 Å., space group P63, P63/m or P63 22, and contains approximately 38 O. The name painite is proposed in honour of A. C. D. Pain who recognized the unusual nature of the crystal.
The paragenesis of garnet in charnockite, enderbite, and related granulites
Authors: Howie R. A. , Subramaniam A. P. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe presence of garnet in acid rocks of the charnockite series south of Madras is reported. Petrographic deseriptions of garnetiferous enderbites and related pyroxene-granulites, khondalites, and leptynites are accompanied by new chemical analyses of 6 rocks, 8 garnets, and 5 orthopyroxenes from the type area near Madras, and from Ceylon, Varberg, and Uganda. The garnets show a considerably higher FeO/MgO ratio than the coexisting ortbopyroxenes and the host rocks. The presence or absence of garnet appears to be related to the bulk chemistry of the rocks. Basic garnetiferous granulites associated with these rocks are considered to represent an unstable mineral assemblage and may be genetically unrelated to the acid types. Attention is drawn to the prevalence of enderbitic rocks in the type area.
Heating experiments on some natural titaniferous magnetites
Authors: Vincent E. A. , Wright J. B. , Chevallier R. , Mathieu Suzanne 
Published: December 2006

SummaryChemically analysed samples of magnetites carrying exsolved ulvöspinel and ilmenite have been heated in vacuo at various temperatures without change in overall chemical composition and the changes occurring studied microscopically, magnetically, and by X-rays.Magnetite with exsolution bodies of ulvöncl can be homogenized probably below 600°C.; thermomagnetic curves and microscopic textures suggest that the solvus curve is very steep at the Fe3O4 end of the Fe3O4-Fe2TiO4 series.On heating magnetite containing ilmenite lamellae up to 950°C., some interchange of ions between the phases occurs (Fe3O4+FeTiO3 → Fe2TiO4+Fe2O3, the ilmenite lamellae taking Fe2O3 into solid solution. The accompanying host magnetite not only gains Fe2TiO4, but at the same time dissolves some FeTiO3. Above 950°C. extensive decomposition takes place, with the production of pseudobrookite, and homogenization has not been achieved. It is suggested that under magmatic conditions extensive solid solution exists in which the FeTiO3 component may be regarded as having a spinel (γ) structure; after exsolution, monotropic inversion may occur to yield a rhombohedral ferri-ilmenite (Chevallier et al., 1955), which on slow cooling changes in composition towards FeTiO3.Magnetite with exsolution bodies of both ulvöspinel and il menite shows on heating the features of both the above binary types.
New data for dumortierite
Authors: Claringbull G. F. , Hey M. H. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryNew chemical, optical, and X-ray data have been obtained for dumortierite. The unit cell. space group Pemn, contains 4[(Al,Fe)7BSi3O18]. Brown gem quality material from Ceylon has α 1·6860, black, [001], β 1·722, deep redbrown, and γ, 1·7229, brown, with 2Vα 13° , γ > υ. X-ray powder data are given.
Delhayelite, a new silicate from the Belgian Congo
Authors: Sahama TH. G. , Hytönen Kai 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe complex kalsilite-bearing melilite-nephelinite from Mt. Shaheru in the Belgian Congo with götzenite, combeite, and kirschsteinite contains yet another new silicate for which the name delhayelite is proposed.Delhayelite is orthorhombic with a 6·53, b 24·65, c 7·04 Å. Possible space-groups Pmn21 and Pmmn. Weak super-cell with doubled a-axis. Distinct cleavage parallel to (010). Birefringence weak. α ≈ β ≈ γ = 1·532. 2Vα = 83°. Optical orientation: a = α, b = γ, c = β. Sp. gr. 2·60. Chemical composition corresponds to the tentative formula (Na,K)4Ca5Al6Si32O80.18H2O.3(Na2,K2)(Cl2,F2,SO4).
Some further heating experiments on natural titaniferous magnetites (With Plate III.)
Authors: Wright J. B. 
Published: December 2006

SummarySamples of magnetite containing exsolution bodies of ilmenite, or of ulvöspinel and ilmenite, were heated at 1,250–1,300° C. under oxidizing and under reducing conditions.In the former case, the product consisted of magnetite, ferri-ilmenite, and pseudobrookite. In the latter, loss of oxygen converted a magnetite-ilmenite intergrowth into a homogeneous Fe3O4-Fe2TiO4 spinel solid solution, while a magnetite sample originally carrying ulvöspinel in addition to ilmenite yielded a spinel phase with surprisingly low cell dimension, together with some metallic iron.
Stevensite from the Whin Sill in the Region of the North Tyne
Authors: Randall B. A. O. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA stevensite occurring as an alteration product of pectolite in amygdale-like structures within the Whin Sill is described. Data given for the stevensite include optical properties, stain reactions, chemical analysis, X-ray powder data, and D.T.A. curves. The close similarity between many of the properties of sepielite and stevensite is indicated and D.T.A. is shown to be the most satisfactory method of distinguishing between the two minerals.
An X-ray study of manganese minerals
Authors: Mukherjee Bibhuti 
Published: December 2006

SummaryRhodonite, rhodochrosite, spandite, psilomelane, beldongrite, braunite, sitaparite, and vredenburgite from a collection hy Fermor have been studied by the X-ray powder diffraction method. The cell dimensions of all forms of eryptomelane—massive, horny, botryoidal, reniform, mamillated, and stalactitic—are a = 9.82 Å., c= 2.86 Å.. whereas the cell dimensions of shiny pitch-like beldongrite are a= 9.82 Å., c= 2·87 Å. The amorphous admixture associated with cryptomelane is revealed by a broad halo, 4·60 Å. to 3·90 Å., in the powder pattern. Aminoff's crystal data for braunite are discussed with a different orientation, and a new space group, I 4/mmm, is assigned after indexing the powder pattern. Fermor' sitaparite (bixbyite) is assigned a new space group Im3 , different from that proposed by Pauling et al., on the basis of a fresh indexing of the powder pattern. Manganese-garnet from the gondite series has a cell-size of the order of spessartine, whereas the cell-size of manganese-garnet from the kodurite series varies from 11·72 to 11·95 Å. Fermor's spandite from the kodurite series is a mixture of spessartine, grossular, and andradite garnet-molecules with almandine and pyrope as minor components. Ramsdellite and γ-MnO2 or β-MnO2 are found in a number of samples of manganese ores.
Nepheline solid solutions
Authors: Donnay Gabrielle , Schairer J. F. , Donnay J. D. H. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryPublished chemical analyses demonstrate that the nepheline formula should be written KxNayCaz□s-(x+y+z)Alx+y+2zSi16-(x+y+2z)O32, where □ stands for vacant sites. X-ray data are presented for the nepheline phase in four binary systems: Ne-CaAl2O4, Ne-An, Ne-Ab, Ne-Kp. Only in two of these systems do the cell-dimensions change with composition. In the first one, the cell-volume V increases linearly with increasing calcium content; in the last one, two singularities in the curve of V against x divide the phase Na8-xKxAl8Si8O32 into three subphases: subpotassic (0 < x < 0·25), mediopotassic (0·25 < x < 2·00), and perpotassic (2·00 < x < 4·73). Only in the subpotassic range are both high- and low-temperature forms found. Twenty-eight natural nephelines, for which chemical analyses and X-ray data are available in the literature, show that only the potassium content affects cell-dimensions. Although all analysed natural nephelines fall outside the subpotassic range, the re-examination of a Monte Somma specimen studied by Bannister (1931) reveals a few euhedral crystals of subpotassic nepheline in a mediopotassic phase.
The kinetics of the ordering process in triclinic NaAlSi3O8
Authors: McConnell J. D. C. , McKie Duncan 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA kinetic analysis is presented of the data of MacKenzie (1957) on the hydrothermal treatment of NaAlSi3O8 under isobaric, isothermal conditions in the temperature range 450° C. to 1000° C.The analysis indicates the existence of a smeared polymorphic transformation in the temperature range around 600° C. The activation energy for the transformation is about 60 kcal. mole−1 and has been equated with the process of self-diffusion involved in Al-Si ordering in the structure. Some dry-heating experiments and the influence of varying water vapour pressure are discussed.
The amygdale minerals in the Tertiary lavas of Ireland. III. Regional distribution
Authors: Walker G. P. L. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryZeolites occur at most of the 670 localities studied in the Antrim Basalts, and the ten most abundant species, in order of frequency, are chabazite, thomsonite, analcime, levyne, natrolite, mesolite, stilbite, gmelinite, heulandite, and phillipsite. Gismondine, laumontite, and mordenite are recorded for the first time. Chabazite and thomsonite characterize the upper parts of the lava succession. Below, they are joined by analcime and natrolite and, in some areas where zeolitization is most intense, by stilbite and heulandite, as well. These mineral zones have been mapped, and they probably reflect the temperature distribution in the lavas during zeolitization. Being discordant and clearly superimposed upon the lavas, these zones establish the late age of zeolitization in the volcanic history of Antrim. In places the zeolite zones are missing, and in their place a mineral assemblage rich in calcite, aragonite, quartz, and chalcedony is found. The tholeiite lavas that occupy a small area in north Antrim have an amygdale mineral assemblage different from that in the olivine-basalts, which constitute the remainder of the lava outcrop.
Kennedyite, a new mineral of the pseudobrookite series
Authors: von Knorring O. , Cox K. G. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA new mineral with the approximate composition of Fe2MgTi3O10 and isostructural with pseudobrookite Fe4Ti2O10 has been observed in an olivine-augite-alkali-feldspar rock of the Karroo succession from the Mateke Hills area in south-eastern Southern Rhodesia. Chemical analysis and indexed X-ray powder data (α 9·77, b 9·95, c 3·73 Å.) of the mineral are given, and the name kennedyite is proposed. The name karrooite is proposed for the artificial product MgTi2O5.
Petrology of the Scourie dyke, Sutherland (Plate XVIII)
Authors: O'Hara M. J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryChemical data are given for four rocks from the Scourie dyke, Sutherland, and for the constituent minerals. Three of the specimens are unsheared and represent stages in a continuous variation from a one-pyroxene (subcalcic ferroaugite) dolerits through partially amphibolized two-pyroxene dolerite to garnet-plagioclase amphibolite. These changes are not accompanied by conspicuous changes in bulk composition. The garnetiferous varieties represent a border facies of the dyke, which is in contact with little-altered pyroxene-bearing gneisses of the Lewisian complex. The fourth specimen is a hornblende schist formed from the dolerite by shearing. This change also involves little change in bulk composition, and affects impartially the three types of dolerite referred to above. Mineral relations are discussed and a hypothesis advanced to account for the garnetiferous border facies of the intrusion, invoking intrusion while the country rock was at relatively high temperature and pressure.
A solid solution series between xenotime (YtPO4) and chernovite (YtAsO4)
Authors: Graeser Stefan , Schwander Hans , Stalder Hans A. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe mineral chernovite, described as a new mineral from the Urals by Russian mineralogists in 1967 (Goldin et al, 1967), has been found at three different localities in mineral fissures in the Binnatal, Switzerland, and a little to the south, in Italy. The mineral occurs in greenish-yellow bipyramidal crystals up to about I mm. A detailed single-crystal study of several specimens showed that the lattice constants vary considerably on either side of those published for the original chernovite. The refractive indices, too, display some variation. Microprobe analyses of this material, and of xenotime specimens from the same region, revealed that there exists at least partial solution between chernovite and xenotime. The three chernovite samples have molar percentages of 63·2, 73·2, and 82·0 % YtAsO4 (the Urals chernovite has about 95·2 %). These studies prove the existence of an isomorphous series between xenotime and chernovite, at least in the As-rich portion.
On the metamorphic facies of the Dahomeyan gneiss in the western Accra Plains, Ghana
Authors: Holm Richard F. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryIn the Dahomeyan of the western Accra Plains mafie gneisses, amphibolites, and ortho-amphibolite dykes in granitic gneiss occur. During the latest recrystallization, metamorphic conditions ranged (north to south) from oligoclase-epidote amphibolite subfacies through andesine-epidote amphibolite subfacies to at least the medium or upper part of the amphibolite facies. Chemical analyses of hornblende, garnet, and clinopyroxene from two mafic gneiss specimens supplement data from the Mampong specimen (Knorring and Kennedy, 1958) and indicate that mineral compositions are largely controlled by rock compositions.
Lithium–aluminium micas from the Meldon aplite, Devonshire, England
Authors: Nawaz Chaudhry M. , Howie R. A. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryChemical analyses of sixteen lithium-aluminium micas are presented along with their optical, physical, and X-ray data. Compositional variation, substitution relations in structural positions, and octahedral occupancy are discussed. The 2M2 structural types are found to crystallize in volatilerich low-temperature environments whereas the 1M polytypes occur in comparatively volatile-poor and higher-temperature environments. Variation diagrams have been constructed to show the relationship between octahedral sites occupied by and refractive indices and specific gravities.
The geochemistry of the Devonian lavas of the northern Lorne Plateau, Scotland
Authors: Groome D. R. , Hall A. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryChemical analyses of the Lorne volcanic rocks show that the basalts and andesites are a closely related suite of lavas, notably rich in alkalis, especially potassium. The rhyolites of the Lorne area do not appear to form a continuous series with the more basic rocks. The various lava types are compared with the plutonic rocks of the area, and a relationship is suggested between the basic lavas and appinitic intrusions. The acid lavas are not comparable to granites in the area.The late orogenic igneous activity in this part of the Caledonides therefore appears to involve three generations of magma, produced separately but within a short time of one another. The assumption that all the late Caledonian igneous rocks of the Scottish Highlands are differentiates of a common parent magma is not justified.
Supercooling and the crystallization of plagioclase from a basaltic magma
Authors: Gibb Fergus G. F. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe liquidus temperature (1198 °C) and equilibrium phase relations of a sample of Columbia River basalt from the Picture Gorge section have been determined at I atmosphere by heating in a controlled atmosphere. When this basalt is cooled from above its liquidus temperature the liquidus phase (plagioclase) may fail to crystallize depending on the degree of undercooling and the duration of the experiment. A field in temperature-time space in which plagioclase fails to crystallize on cooling is separated from another in which plagioclase always crystallizes by a third in which the nucleation of plagioclase is unpredictable in terms of temperature and time. The extent to which this basaltic liquid can be supercooled without the crystallization of plagioclase is independent of the time it is held above the liquidus or the temperature in excess of the liquidus to which it is heated.The exceptionally long times required to ensure the nucleation of plagioclase at or near the liquidus temperature suggest that many so-called ‘equilibrium’ phase relations determined from experiments of a few hours' duration could be in serious error if the ‘equilibration’ involves a nucleation process.It is demonstrated that, over a range of cooling rates, the temperature at which plagioclase begins to crystallize on cooling varies markedly and the temperature and times required for both possible and certain nucleation of plagioclase are calculated for a range of constant cooling rates. The range of cooling rates over which the nucleation temperature of plagioclase varies is likely to occur in nature only in certain lava flows and small minor intrusions. In such cases this could lead to changes in the order in which the minerals appear on cooling and other petrologically significant effects.
Magnesian siderite in carbonate concretions from argillaceous sediments in the Westphalian of Yorkshire
Authors: Pearson M. J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryLattice parameters have been determined for two coexisting siderite phases in concretions of Westphalian age. Chemical evidence indicates that, for one concretion at least, the phase of smaller cell dimensions is a magnesian siderite with around 25 mole % MgCO3. Both abundances and compositions of the two phases vary between concretions whilst a single phase only is present in disseminated siderite. It is thought unlikely that the two phases represent an equilibrium assemblage and a mechanism is suggested by which magnesian siderite could have formed later.
Structure-function analysis reveals discrete β3 integrin inside-out and outside-in signaling pathways in platelets
Authors: Zou Zhiying , Chen Hong , Schmaier Alec A. , Hynes Richard O. , Kahn Mark L. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
A unique aspect of integrin receptor function is the transmission of bidirectional signals. In platelets αIIbβ3 integrins require “inside-out” signals to bind fibrinogen and form thrombi. Following ligand binding, αIIbβ3 integrins generate “outside-in” signals that contribute to thrombus stability. Because integrin cytoplasmic tails are short and lack enzymatic activity, bidirectional signals are believed to be mediated by interactions with intracellular proteins, but the molecular basis for integrin signal transduction remains poorly understood. In the present study we have used retroviral vectors to express αIIbβ3 integrins with mutant β3 tails in mouse platelets and test mechanisms of bidirectional signaling. Using this approach we identify mutations (eg, β3Y747A) that confer loss of signaling in both directions and others (eg, β3T762A) that confer a selective loss of outside-in signals. These results reveal the presence of discrete bidirectional signaling pathways controlled by integrin β subunits in platelets and describe a high-throughput means of further investigating these pathways in vivo.