bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Treatment of Long-Term Pressure Data for Capturing Information
Authors: Viberti Dario , Verga Francesca , Delbosco Paolo 
Published: August 2007

Summary
Intelligent completions typically include permanent downhole gauges (PDGs) for continuous, real-time pressure and temperature monitoring. If applied adequately, such new technologies should allow anticipation of oil production and an increase of final recovery with respect to traditional completions. In fact, pressure data collected from PDGs represent essential information for understanding the dynamic behavior of the field and for reservoir surveillance. The potential drawback is that the number of data collected by PDGs can grow enormously, making it very difficult, if not impossible, to handle the entire pressure history as it was recorded. As a consequence, it might often be necessary to reduce the pressure measurements to a manageable size, though without losing any potential information contained in the recorded data.
As reported extensively in the literature, long-term data might be subject to different kinds of errors and noise and not be representative of the real system response. Before the data can be used for interpretation purposes, especially if pressure derivatives are to be calculated (for instance, in well-test analysis), an adequate filtering process should be applied.
Multistep procedures based on the wavelet analysis were presented in the literature for processing and interpreting long-term pressure data from PDGs. In this paper, an improved approach largely based on the wavelet algorithms is proposed and discussed for the treatment of pressure data.
All the steps of the procedure, namely outlier removal, denoising, transient identification, and data reduction, were applied to both synthetic and real pressure recordings. Results indicated that the application of the proposed approach allows identification of the actual reservoir response and subsequent interpretation of pressure data for an effective characterization of the reservoir behavior, even from very disturbed signals.
Effects of Matrix Shrinkage and Swelling on the Economics of Enhanced-Coalbed-Methane Production and CO2 Sequestration in Coal
Authors: Gorucu F. Burcu , Jikich Sinisha A. , Bromhal Grant S. , Sams W. Neal , Ertekin Turgay , Smith Duane H. 
Published: August 2007

Summary
Increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere and their contributions to global climate change are a major concern. CO2 sequestration in unmineable coals may be a very attractive option, for economic as well as environmental reasons, if a combination of enhanced-coalbed-methane (ECBM) production and tax incentives becomes sufficiently favorable compared to the costs of capture, transport, and injection of CO2.
Darcy flow through cleats is an important transport mechanism in coal. Cleat compression and permeability changes caused by gas sorption/desorption, changes of effective stress, and matrix swelling and shrinkage introduce a high level of complexity into the feasibility of a coal sequestration project. The economic effects of CO2-induced swelling on permeabilities and injectivities has received little (if any) detailed attention.
CO2 and methane (CH4) have different swelling effects on coal. In this work, the Palmer-Mansoori model for coal shrinkage and permeability increases during primary methane production was rewritten to also account for coal swelling caused by CO2 sorption. The generalized model was added to a compositional, dual-porosity coalbed-methane reservoir simulator for primary (CBM) and ECBM production. A standard five-spot of vertical wells and representative coal properties for Appalachian coals was used (Rogers 1994). Simulations and sensitivity analyses were performed with the modified simulator for nine different parameters, including coal seam and operational parameters and economic criteria. The coal properties and operating parameters that were varied included Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, cleat porosity, and injection pressure. The economic variables included CH4 price, CO2 cost, CO2 credit, water disposal cost, and interest rate. Net-present-value (NPV) analyses of the simulation results included profits resulting from CH4 production and potential incentives for sequestered CO2. This work shows that for some coal seams, the combination of compressibility, cleat porosity, and shrinkage/swelling of the coal may have a significant impact on project economics.
Characterization of the first Polish isolate of Neospora caninum from cattle
Authors: Goździk Katarzyna , Cabaj Władysław 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNeospora caninum was isolated from the brain of an apparently healthy calf born to a seropositive cow. The calf was killed 12 hrs after birth and homogenate of its brain was inoculated into Vero cells. Neospora-like tachyzoites were detected 66 days later. The identity of the parasite was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of N. canium-specific fragments using Np21 and Np6 primers. This first Polish isolate of N. caninum was designated NC-PolB1.
Soybeans and Other Oilseeds
Authors: Wolf Walter J. ,   Updated by Staff
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe four principal U.S. oilseed crops are soybeans, cottonseed, peanuts, and sunflower seed. The physical characteristics of the plants and seeds, chemical compositions of the seeds, harvesting and storage of the crops, and processing of the crops into oil and defatted meal are described for the primary products of the industry. Production figures and prices of the oilseeds and their products are presented. The oils of these crops are used primarily for human consumption. Minor quantities go into industrial products. The defatted meals serve mainly as protein sources in animal feeds, but small amounts are processed into protein ingredients used by the food industry. Nutritional properties and antinutritional factors of the oils and meals are reviewed. Direct food uses of soybeans, peanuts, and sunflower seed are also covered.
Viral load determines the B‐cell response in the cerebrospinal fluid during human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Cepok Sabine , von Geldern Gloria , Nolting Thorsten , Grummel Verena , Srivastava Rajneesh , Zhou Dun , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Adams Ortwin , Arendt Gabriele , Hemmer Bernhard 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is frequently associated with intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, but little is known about the B‐cell response in the CSF of these patients. In this study, we investigated the relation between virus load and the frequency and phenotype of B cells in the CSF of HIV‐infected patients.MethodsThe distribution of T cells, B cells, short‐lived plasmablasts, and long‐lived plasma cells was analyzed by flow cytometry in CSF and peripheral blood of 33 patients with HIV infection compared with 12 patients with noninfectious CNS diseases. HIV RNA copy number in CSF and serum was quantified by kinetic polymerase chain reaction.ResultsB‐cell and plasmablast levels were increased in the CSF of HIV‐infected patients compared with patients with noninfectious CNS diseases. Whereas CSF B cells were found at similar frequency during early and late stages of HIV infection, plasmablasts were more prevalent in the CSF during early infection. Plasmablasts in the CSF correlated with intrathecal IgG synthesis and even stronger with HIV RNA copy numbers in CSF, in particular, in untreated, early HIV‐infected individuals. Initiation of antiviral treatment in therapy‐naive patients strongly decreased HIV copy numbers and plasmablasts in CSF.InterpretationOur findings demonstrate that HIV infection of the CNS triggers an early profound B‐cell response, with plasmablasts serving as the main virus‐related B‐cell subset in the CSF. Ann Neurol 2007
Efficient cyclic system to yield ectoine using Brevibacterium sp. JCM 6894 subjected to osmotic downshock
Authors: Nagata Shinichi , Wang Yaoqiang , Oshima Akinobu , Zhang Linghua , Miyake Hideyoshi , Sasaki Hideaki , Ishida Akio 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBrevibacterium sp. JCM 6894 cells grown in the presence of 1.5–2.5 M NaCl for 24 h at 30°C were subjected to the osmotic downshock. Downshocked cells after ectoine release were grown for further 24 h in the fresh medium with same salinity as before shock. When this cyclic system was applied to the strain JCM 6894, the amount of ectoine in the cells increased with an increase of incubation time, which indicates that the cells manipulated by the present conditions were enough active to survive and synthesize ectoine after several times of osmotic downshock. In the presence of 2 M NaCl, the highest yield of ectoine released was achieved in this cyclic system, more than 2.4 g/L during 7 days of incubation. 1H and 13C‐NMR analyses of solutes released from the cells by the osmotic downshock showed the presence of only ectoine with high purity. Release of ectoine from the cells was carried out within 5 min and its rates were increased by the dilution in the downshock treatment. For the convenience of operations, non‐sterilized medium containing 2 M NaCl was examined for the cell growth in the present system, in which almost same level of ectoine yield, release rates, and cell viability were observed as those of sterilized medium. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 941–948. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collection of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells from a donor with severe iron deficient anemia
Authors: Kamezaki Kenjirou , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Henzan Tomoko , Numata Akihiko , Iwasaki Hiromi , Nagafuji Koji , Harada Mine , Teshima Takanori , Akashi Koichi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report a 45‐year‐old woman with iron deficient anemia (IDA) who underwent a collection of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) induced by granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) after a rapid improvement of IDA by iron replacement. Her peripheral red blood cells (RBCs) after iron therapy were composed of two different‐sized subpopulations; one consisted of microcytes, which were iron deficient RBCs, and another of normocytes, which were produced after iron replacement. On the first day of PBSC collection, the interface setting was maintained aiming at 2% hematocrit as usual; however, PBSCs could not be collected adequately. Sedimentation of iron deficient, lighter RBCs under centrifugation within a blood cell separator could be similar to that of mononuclear cells, and the lighter RBCs could contaminate the mononuclear cell layer, resulting in the collection of the lighter layers of mononuclear cells than desired. On the second day, we succeeded in obtaining enough PBSCs by collecting heavier layers than those collected on the first day by using a 4% hematocrit and monitoring white blood cell counts of the collection line serially. It should be noted that the lighter RBCs from a donor with a history of IDA could complicate collection of PBSCs. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deficiency of the carnitine transporter (OCTN2) with partial N‐acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency
Authors: Hwu W.‐L. , Chien Y.‐H. , Tang N. L. S. , Law L.‐K. , Lin C.‐Y. , Lee N.‐C. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryA patient with recurrent episodes of hyperammonaemia (highest ammonia level recorded 229 μmol/L, normal 9–33) leading to altered levels of consciousness was diagnosed with partial N‐acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency (9% residual activity) at age 5 years and was treated with ammonia‐conjugating agents (Ucephan 250 mg/kg per day and later sodium phenylbutyrate 200–250 mg/kg per day) for 15 years. A chronically low serum carnitine level (pretreatment plasma free carnitine 4 nmol/L, normal 37 ±8 nmol/L; total carnitine 8 nmol/L, normal 46 ±10) was assumed to be secondary and was treated with supplemental carnitine (30–50 mg/kg per day). Hypoglycaemia (blood sugar 35 mg/dl, normal 70–100), cardiomegaly, and fatty liver were also noted at diagnosis. The patient died unexpectedly at age 20 years. In retrospect, it was learned that the patient had stopped his carnitine without medical consultation several weeks prior to his death. Additional molecular investigations identified two mutations (R254X and IVS3 + 1G > A) in the patient's OCTN2 (SLC22A5) gene, consistent with a diagnosis of primary carnitine deficiency due to carnitine transporter defect. R245X is a founder mutation in Southern Chinese populations. It is unknown whether the original NAGS deficiency was primary or secondary, but molecular analysis of the NAGS gene failed to identify mutations. Urea cycle enzyme expression may be affected by fatty acid suppression of an AP‐1 binding site in the promoter enhancer region of the urea cycle gene. Regardless, it is clear that the NAGS abnormality has led to delay of recognition of the OCTN2 defect, and modified the clinical course in this patient.
Differences in biomechanical stability of femur fracture fixation when using titanium nails of increasing diameter
Authors: Mahar Andrew , Sink Ernest , Faro Frances , Oka Richard , Newton Peter O. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical stability generated when utilizing increasing sizes of titanium (Ti) flexible nails for fixation of simulated comminuted femur fractures. Methods Five synthetic adolescent-sized femur models were reamed to create a 9-mm canal. A 2-cm section was removed in the mid-diaphysis to simulate comminution. Each femur was first stabilized with bilateral, retrograde 3.0-mm titanium elastic nails. Femurs were tested in axial rotation and axial compression. The constructs were removed, and femurs were re-nailed with 3.5-mm nails. Identical testing was conducted. These nails were then removed, and femurs were re-nailed with 4.0-mm nails. This provided data on “canal fill” representing 67, 78 and 89% of the reamed canal diameter. Data for axial rotation (degrees) and failure load ( N) required to produce 5 mm of fracture shortening were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA ( P < 0.05) and a Tukey's post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. Results For axial rotation, there were statistically significant improvements in rotational control for each increase in nail size. For axial stability, each increase in nail size resulted in increased axial failure loads to 5 mm, although these data were not statistically different. A specific comparison between 3.0- and 3.5-mm nails for compressive stability found significantly greater stability afforded by using 3.5-mm nails. Conclusions Data from this study demonstrate that increasing the amount of canal fill provides significant improvements in rotational control. The largest improvement was seen when increasing from 3.0- to 3.5-mm nails. While increasing the nail size from 3.5 to 4.0 mm again provided greater stability, larger nails may be more difficult to insert. Thus, increasing the nail size for femoral fracture fixation should be considered after measuring the diameter of the canal and evaluating the potential difficulty of insertion as well as specific demands of the fracture pattern.
Precambrian rift-related magmatism and sedimentation, south Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Cook Y.A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPrecambrian continental extension is described in detail for the first time in the Victoria Land segment of the Transantarctic Mountains and is comparable with plume related intercontinental rifting of the Afar area, Africa. The Baronick Formation comprises igneous-derived conglomerate, marble and volcanic to sub-volcanic igneous layers. Volcanic and carbonate horizons were eroded in a fluvial or marine environment and provided debris for mass flow and slump deposits which formed in a marginal marine basin in the Precambrian. Clasts in these deposits include basalt, trachyte and comendite, and along with the interbedded volcanic layers of basalt, trachyte and quartz syenite, indicate proximity and contemporaneity of volcanic activity. Igneous layers and source rocks for clasts of the Baronick Formation have an enriched MORB chemistry and underwent albitization of calcic feldspar before erosion and conglomerate deposition. The Highway Suite forms a kilometre-scale body of gabbro and dolerite plugs and is interpreted as a slice of transitional continental oceanic crust. The chemistry of all igneous rocks suggests a continental rift environment and the associated sediments are consistent with such a setting. The Baronick Formation was locally intruded by sills of the Highway Suite; however, the main body of the Highway Suite was juxtaposed against the Baronick Formation during greenschist facies shearing before c. 551 Ma.
Shallow seismic surveys and ice thickness estimates of the Mullins Valley debris-covered glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Shean David E. , Head James W. , Marchant David R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSeveral debris-covered glaciers occupy tributaries of upper Beacon Valley, Antarctica. Understanding their flow dynamics and ice thickness is important for palaeoclimate studies and for understanding the origins of ancient ice elsewhere in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region. We present the results of several shallow seismic surveys in Mullins Valley, where the largest of these debris-covered glaciers is located. Our results suggest that beneath a thin sublimation till and near-surface horizon of dirty glacier ice, lies relatively pure glacier ice (P-wave velocity ~3700–3800 m s-1), with total thickness estimates of ~90–95 m towards the valley head, and ~40–65 m near the entrance to Beacon Valley, ~2.5 km downglacier. P-wave velocities decrease downvalley, suggesting that the material properties of the ice change with increasing distance from the ice-accumulation zone. These new data are used to calibrate an ice thickness profile for the active portion of the Mullins Valley debris-covered glacier (upper ~3.5 km) and to shed light on the origin and spatial distribution of enclosed debris.
METABOLISM OF BABESIA PARASITES IN VITRO. AMINO ACID PRODUCTION BY BABESIA RODHAINI COMPARED TO PLASMODIUM BERGHEI
Authors: Barry DN 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe in vitro amino acid production by Babesia rodhaini, Plasmodium berghei and uninfected rat erythrocytes was determined following 4 and 18 h of incubation in Krebs Ringer medium. Both parasites produced excess free amino acid. B. rodhaini produced up to 150 times and P. berghei up to 1,100 times as much free amino acid as parasite‐free rat erythrocytes. The composition of excess amino acids produced by both parasites had a statistically significant concordance with the amino acid composition of rat haemoglobin, suggesting that haemoglobin was probably the main source of the amino acids produced by the parasites.
THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF 16 ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS ON CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION IN MICE
Authors: Tzipori Saul R , Campbell Iris , Angus Kenneth W 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe therapeutic efficiency of 16 anti‐microbial agents (Ethopabate, Nicarbazin, Sulphaquinoxaline, Furaltadone, Enterolyte‐N, Sulphamethazine, Trinamide, Amprol, Phenamidine, Zoaquin, Halofuginone, Salinomycin, Monensin, Emtryl, Arprinocid and Amprolium) were examined against Cryptosporidium infections in mice. The Cryptosporidium was originally isolated from a field outbreak of calf diarrhoea. The drugs neither prevented nor modified the course of the infection as compared with infected, untreated mice.
SEROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RICKETTSIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI ISOLATES FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND*
Authors: Shirai A , Campbell RW , Gan E , Chan TC , Huxsoll DL 
Published: August 2007

SummaryFifty‐two Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolates from humans, rodents and chiggers in North Queensland were serologically characterized by the direct immunofluorescence test. A majority (71%) of the isolates was a mixture of two or more strains. The most frequently detected strains in the 52 isolates were TA716 (94%), TA763 (42%), TA686 (33%), and Karp (31%). The Gilliam strain was detected in only 4% of the isolates.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SPONGIATRIOL
Authors: Marwood John F 
Published: August 2007

SummaryAcute intraperitoneal doses of spongiatriol, a compound extracted from marine sponges, caused blood pressure but not heart rate to fall in conscious hypertensive rats in a dose‐dependent manner up to 50 mg/kg at which dose mean blood pressure fell 24%. Diarrhoea also resulted. Chronic oral doses (50 mg/kg every 3 h) lowered blood pressure by 73 mmHg after 48 h in conscious hypertensive rats and caused severe diarrhoea. Spongiatriol was an atrial stimulant in vitro and this effect could be greatly reduced by prior reserpinization or by β‐adrenoceptor blockade. In anaesthetized cats spongiatriol (50 mg/kg i.p.) caused reductions in blood pressure (19%), heart rate (11%) and cardiac output (12%). Spongiatriol 10−5 g/ml had no effect on the response to noradrenaline in isolated rat tail arteries, markedly inhibited the response of in vitro guinea‐pig ilea to acetylcholine and had a slight potentiating effect on the response of in vitro rat fundus stomach to serotonin and prostaglandin E2.
THE HYPOTHALAMO‐NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL SYSTEM OF NATIVE AUSTRALIAN DESERT RODENTS. THE VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN CONTENTS OF HYPOTHALAMUS AND POSTERIOR PITUITARY OF NOTOMYS ALEXIS AND PSEUDOMYS AUSTRALIS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF THE LABORATORY RAT AND MOUSE IN DIFFERENT STATES OF WATER BALANCE
Authors: Bridges TE , James NV 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe neurohypophysial hormones vasopressin (the antiduiretic hormone) and oxytocin have been quantified in xerophilic and mesophilic rodents under normal and dehydrated conditions in order to study the relative contribution of these hormones to survival under drought conditions. The ability to cope adequately with water deprivation or saline ingestion was found to be closely related to the magnitude (relative to body size) of pre‐existing hormone stores in the neural lobe and to the subsequent ability to enhance hypothalamic biosynthesis of vasopressin and oxytocin sufficiently in maintain those stores at near‐normal levels despite a continuing high level of demand for vasopressin and, apparently, also oxytocin.The possible role(s) of the release of oxytocin in these conditions is discussed.Attempts have been made to explain differences observed between laboratorybred Notomys and those taken from the wild in their relative abilities to withstand water deprivation, the former seeming to be more dependent upon acutely accelerated hormone biosynthesis than on previous adaptation via renal medullary ‘work‐load’ hypertrophy.
IMPROVED TOXIN/ANTITOXIN ASSAYS FOR STUDIES ON THE AUSTRALIAN PARALYSIS TICK IXODES HOLOCYCLUS
Authors: Stone Bernard F , Cowie Margaret R , Kerr John D , Binnington Keith C 
Published: August 2007

SummarySensitive biological assays of toxin/antitoxin potency have been developed to assist in research on characterization of salivary toxins of the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus and on immunity to tick paralysis.The toxin assay utilizes suckling mice (4–5 g); a quantitative paralysis index is applied over a range of doses. The antitoxin assay is based on an in vitro/in vivo neutralization test which required a sensitive toxin assay and methods of standardization of toxin preparations. This assay permits the monitoring of blood antibody levels in animals during the course of development and loss of immunity and is assisting a study into the feasibility of producing an anti‐paralysis vaccine. The method also allows standardization of commercial tick paralysis antiserum.The methods and applications are described and comparisons made with previous assays. Sample data are examined statistically by regression and variance analyses; parallelism of dosage‐response lines is tested and relative toxicities (toxin) or potencies (antiserum) calculated.