bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensile strength and its variation for PAN‐based carbon fibers. II. Calibration of the variation from testing
Authors: Yao Jiangwei , Yu Weidong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe tensile behavior of carbon fibers shows large scattering. This is due to the fiber itself and the testing operations. Because of the high tenacity and modulus, low strain, and easy breakability in bending, not only is the tensile test for single carbon fibers extremely difficult, but the measured results are also oppugned. To achieve a reliable and accurate characterization, several factors influencing the objective and exact testing of single carbon fibers have been measured and discussed, including the wrong pretension, nonaxial stretching, and adhesion effects. The experimental results indicate that the error of strain causing them ranges from 1.5 to 12.3%. Because of the typical linear stress–strain curves of carbon fibers, the ratio of the strain error to the modulus error is approximately equal to 1 : 1, so the calibration of the measured strain must be conducted for the accurate evaluation of the modulus and itself. The calibration is put forward. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2625–2632, 2007
Dynamic wetting of plasma‐treated polypropylene nonwovens
Authors: Wei Qufu , Wang Yingying , Hou Dayin , Huang Fenglin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVarious techniques have been employed to improve the wettability of polypropylene materials for a wide range of applications. In this study, polypropylene nonwovens were treated in oxygen plasma for improving water adsorption properties. The effects of plasma treatment on wetting and water adsorption behavior were characterized using dynamic contact angle measurements and dynamic sorption measurements. The introduction of hydrophilic groups was detected by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The plasma treatment roughened the fiber surface revealed by atomic force microscopy. The roughened and hydrophilic surface resulted in the change in advancing and receding contact angles. The dynamic sorption measurements also examined the water adsorption behavior of the materials. The investigation revealed that plasma treatment could significantly improve the water adsorption properties of polypropylene nonwovens. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2157–2160, 2007
Synthesis and conducting and thermal properties of polysilanes containing substituted benzophenanthrene groups
Authors: Li Meijiang , Qiu Huayu , Jiang Jianxiong , Lai Guoqiao , Feng Shengyu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDichloromethyl(2,9‐diphenyl‐7,8‐benzophenanthryl)silane (1) was synthesized by the Diels–Alder reactions of dichloromethylvinylsilane with 2,5‐diphenyl‐3,4‐(o,o′‐biphenylene)cyclopentadienone in a sealed tube. Poly [methylphenylsilylene‐co‐(2,9‐diphenyl‐7,8‐benzophenanthryl)methylsilylene] (PMBSI) was obtained by Wurtz‐type coupling of dichloromethylphenylsilane and 1 and was characterized with Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. The conducting properties and thermal properties of the polymer were investigated. Because of the introduction of benzophenanthrene groups into the Si atoms of the polymer, the ultraviolet absorption wavelengths of the PMBSI redshifted significantly in the ultraviolet region, and a strong photoluminescence band could be observed in the visible region. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2445–2450, 2007
Microcrystallinity and colloidal peculiarities of UF/isocyanate hybrid resins
Authors: Wieland S. , Pizzi A. , Grigsby W. , Warnes J. , Pichelin F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCombined mixtures of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanates (pMDI) with Urea‐formaldehyde‐resins (UF) adhesives for wood panels are shown (a) by X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the cured adhesive to present a certain percentage of microcrystallinity, this being due exclusively to the proportion of urea‐formaldehyde resin present in the mix and, (b) by polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM) to present colloidal structures in which oligomers and colloidal structures of one resin have migrated within the colloidal structures of the other resin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2633–2636, 2007
Preparation and radar wave absorbing characterization of bicomponent fibers with infrared camouflage
Authors: Yu Bin , Qi Lu , Ye Jian‐zhong , Sun Hui 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSheath‐core bicomponent fibers were prepared by a general melt‐spinning method with polypropylene chips and various particles. The melt‐spun fibers were characterized by DSC and mass specific electrical resistance (MSER) apparatus. The electromagnetic constant was measured using a network analyzer and the absorbing wave effect was evaluated by an arch method. The results of the DSC thermogram indicated that the crystallinity of polypropylene containing particles in the core‐part slightly increased first and then kept steadily with the particles content increase. Nanoparticles in the sheath‐part did not make the crystallinity of fibers change markedly. The MSER of fibers rapidly decreased with the metal particles input. The complex permeability of fibers with Ba/Mn‐Zn ferrite was improved compared with that of fiber with single Mn‐Zn ferrite and the complex permittivity of fiber containing the 20 wt % Ba/Mn‐Zn ferrite increased with the increasing bronze content. The fibers filled with the Ba/Mn‐Zn ferrite and bronze particles had good radar absorbing effect. The input of Al particles in the sheath‐part of the fibers showed a limited effect on the radar wave absorbing properties of the fibers. The lowest infrared emissivity of the fibers including 15 wt % Al particles in sheath‐part reached 0.62. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2180–2186, 2007
Synthesis and swelling properties of grafting‐type and crosslinking‐type water‐swellable elastomers
Authors: He Peixin , Zhang Yuhong , Hu Rong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA grafting water‐swellable elastomer (WSE) that is, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), was synthesized by a grafting reaction. The synthesis was based on the reaction between chlorine in CPE and sodium salt of PEG. PEG with molecular weights of 600 and 1000 were used. The maximum grafting percentage of the resulted copolymers after purification was 9.79%. The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by an IR spectrum. The grafting degree and PEG content increased with increasing reaction time and reaction temperature. The equilibrium swelling degree of the grafting copolymer was very small, only 16.94%. However, for the crosslinking WSE, the swelling degree was influenced by the absorbency temperature and absorbency time. The absorbency rate was faster than that of the grafting WSE, and the swelling degree in the equilibrium state was higher than that of the grafting WSE, too. The maximum swelling degree of the crosslinking WSE was 70%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2637–2642, 2007
Experimental characterization of woven jute‐fabric‐reinforced isothalic polyester composites
Authors: Ahmed K. Sabeel , Vijayarangan S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article, mechanical performance of isothalic polyester‐based untreated woven jute‐fabric composites subjected to various types of loading has been experimentally investigated. The laminates were prepared by hand lay‐up technique in a mold. Specimens for tests were fabricated as per ASTM standards. All the tests (except impact) were conducted on closed loop servo hydraulic MTS 810 material test system using data acquisition software Test Works‐II. From the results obtained, it was found that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of jute‐fabric composite are 83.96% and 118.97% greater than the tensile strength and modulus of unreinforced resin, respectively. The results of other properties, such as flexural, in‐plane shear, interlaminar shear, impact, etc., also revealed that the isothalic‐polyester‐based jute‐fabric composite have good mechanical properties and can be a potential material for use in medium load‐bearing applications. The failure mechanism and fiber‐matrix adhesion were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. Effects of long‐term immersion in water on mechanical properties are also presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2650–2662, 2007
Effect of intercalant content of mica on the various properties for the charged nanocomposite poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) hydrogels
Authors: Lee Wen‐Fu , Tsao Kai‐Tai 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, we intend to adjust the charge properties of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) [Poly(NIPAAm)] gel by using anionic clay and cationic monomer. Hence, two series of nanocomposite hydrogels bearing different charges were designed from NIPAAm, intercalated mica (IM) (NIM‐series) and NIPAAm, IM, trimethyl (acrylamido propyl) ammonium iodide (TMAAI) (NTIM‐series), respectively. The mica was first intercalated with different contents of intercalant, trimethyl (acrylamido propyl) ammonium chloride (TMAACl), based on the cationic exchange capacity (CEC) of mica. The effect of the CEC value of IM and IM content on the charge property, swelling behaviors, mechanical properties, and drug‐release behaviors of the present gels were investigated. Results showed that the negative charges for NIM series gels decrease with increase in CEC values of the IM (from −11 to −6 mV), the positive charges for NTIM series gels also decrease with increase in CEC values of the IM (from +36 to +18 mV). The swelling behaviors and mechanical properties for the NTIM gels were significantly enhanced by IM content and CEC values of the IM. The microstructures, morphologies, and drug‐release behaviors in these two series gels are also investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2277–2287, 2007
Surface modification of polyester and polyamide fabrics by low frequency plasma polymerization of acrylic acid
Authors: Cireli Aysun , Kutlu Bengi , Mutlu Mehmet 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, the surface characteristics of polyester and polyamide fabrics were changed by plasma polymerization technique utilizing acrylic acid as precursor. This monomer was used to produce hydrophilic materials with extended absorbency. The hydrophilicity, total wrinkle recovery angle (WRA°) and breaking strength of the fabrics were determined prior and after plasma polymerization treatment. The modification of surfaces was carried out at low pressure (<100 Pa) and low temperature (<50°C) plasma conditions. The effects of exposure time and discharge power parameters were optimized by comparing properties of the fabrics before and after plasma polymerization treatments. It was shown that two sides of polyester fabric samples were treated equally and homogeneously in plasma reactor. For polyester fabrics, the minimum wetting time, 0.5 s, was observed at two plasma processing parameters of 10 W–45 min and 10 W–20 min, where untreated fabric has a wetting time of 6 s. For polyester fabrics, the maximum value was obtained at 60 W–5 min with the wrinkle recovery angle of 306° where the untreated fabric has 290°. The optimum plasma conditions for polyamide fabrics were determined as 30 W–45 min where 2 s wetting time was observed. Wrinkle recovery angle of untreated polyamide fabric was 264°. In this study, after plasma polymerization of acrylic acid, wrinkle recovery angle values were increased by 13%. No significant change was observed in breaking strength of both fabrics after plasma treatment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2318–2322, 2007
Variation of inhibited oxidation parameters in the range of phase transition
Authors: Kalinina I. G. , Gumargalieva K. Z. , Shlyapnikov Yu. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractParameters of inhibited oxidation of isotactic propylene containing antioxidant 2,2′‐methylene‐bis(4‐methyl‐6‐tertbutylphenol) have been studied in the temperature range 140–210°C. Unlike polyethylene, the dependencies of inhibited oxidation parameters of critical antioxidant concentration and of rate constant of antioxidant consumption change with temperature do not obey Arrhenius law both below and above the melting temperature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2711–2713, 2007
Memory functions in polymer modified asphalts
Authors: Polacco Giovanni , Stastna Jiri , Michalica Peter , Biondi Dario , Cantù Matteo , Zanzotto Ludovit 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe viscoelastic nonlinear behavior of several base and polymer modified asphalts (PMA) has been studied in step‐strain experiments. The polymers were poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene), poly(styrene‐b‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐b‐styrene), poly(ethylene‐r‐vinylacetate) copolymers, and a linear low density poly(ethylene), which were chosen as representatives of the main categories of asphalt modifiers. Because of the complexity of the morphological structure of these materials, the relaxation modulus has only partial and qualitative similarities with that of melt or high concentrated solutions of entangled polymeric liquids. No time strain separability can be applied, and the relaxation experiments are conveniently described by means of the memory functions. These have been calculated both via a parametric fitting procedure and by interpolation algorithms. Results are presented, and a correlation between the PMA structure and the corresponding memory function is proposed for the investigated materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2330–2340, 2007
Investigation for surface morphology and mechanical property variations of single polymer particles
Authors: Ok Kim Dong , Hee Jin Jeong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonodisperse polymer particles were prepared via one‐step seeded polymerization using polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), or styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer [poly(ST‐co‐MMA)] as seed particles and 1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate or divinylbenzene as crosslinking monomer. For the study, the effects of the combination of seed polymer and crosslinking monomer, the ratio of the absorbed monomer to the seed polymer particles (swelling ratio: S/R), and the seeded polymerization rate on the variation of surface morphology and mechanical properties of polymer particles, such as recovery rate, K‐values, breaking strength, and breaking displacement were investigated by using microcompression test. It was observed that the surface morphology could be controlled by changing polymerization rate or combination of seed polymer and crosslinking monomer, and it had a great influence on mechanical properties, especially the breaking strength. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2350–2360, 2007
Effect of water‐contact on the roughness of patterned photoresist investigated by AFM analysis
Authors: Ahn Sung Il , Kim Jae Hyun , Zin Wang‐Cheol 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of water‐contact time on the roughness increment of patterned photoresist (AZ5214) was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis and the reason for the roughness increment was studied by the gravimetric experiment and the ellipsometry method. New method for calculating root‐mean‐square (RMS) line edge roughness from AFM data and the model of immersion lithography for experimentation were established. From the gravimetric experiments, it was confirmed that the diffusion of water into photoresist file is ruled my Fick's law. It was suggested that the amount of the roughness increment during rapid evaporation of water. As a result, the roughness of both the patterned line edge and the surface were proportioned in the root of water‐contact time at the initial time and it was the same as the results in previous gravimetric experiments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2361–2365, 2007
Novel phenyl acetylene terminated poly(carborane‐silane): Synthesis, characterization, and thermal property
Authors: Zhou Quan , Mao Zuju , Ni Lizhong , Chen Jianding 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhenyl acetylene terminated poly(carborane‐silanec) (PACS) was synthesized by the couple reaction of methyldichlorosilane with 1,7‐dilithio‐m‐carborane and lithium phenylacetylide. The structure was characterized using FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. PACS exhibits solubility in common organic solvents. Thermal and oxidative properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermoset exhibits extremely thermal and oxidative property and TGA curves show that the temperature of 5% weight loss (Td5) is 762°C and char yield at 800°C is 94.2% in nitrogen. In air, surprisingly, both Td5 and char yield at 800°C show slight increase, which is greater than 800°C and 95.6%, respectively. After pyrolysis, the char has no additional weight loss up to 800°C in air. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2498–2503, 2007
Melting process and mechanism for vibration induced single‐screw extruder
Authors: Zeng Guang‐Sheng , Qu Jin‐Ping , Feng Yan‐Hong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of a vibration force field on the melting process of an extruder is studied. It is shown that the mechanism for melting differs from conventional theory. Experimental studies of melting of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) pellets in a vibration‐induced single‐screw (VISS) extruder show that melting is initiated on the inside of the barrel and the surface of screw. Models were developed that explain the melting mechanism in those regions. The melting at the surface of the screw is mainly initiated by frictional work on the pellets by the vibration and rotation of the screw. The melting action at the barrel is induced by a barrel temperature higher than the melting point and propagated by viscous dissipation heating of the melt film produced. The theory is supplemented by a calculation sample, which shows good agreement with experimental data obtained on a transparent barrel VISS (T‐VISS) extruder and a half‐open barrel VISS (H‐VISS) extruder with LDPE. The results of the experiment and calculation sample indicate that the introduction of vibration‐induced field can improve the melting capacity of extruder to a great extent. The present model enables the prediction of processing parameters for VISS extruders, from which the optimum operating conditions can be obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2504–2514, 2007
Study on rubber blends: Influence of epoxidation on phase morphology and interphase
Authors: Rocha T. L. A. C. , Rosca C. , Schuster R. H. , Jacobi M. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA discussion about phase morphology and interphase is presented taking into account the influence of the epoxidation on NR/SBR blends. Unfilled blends were examined in a broad composition range to investigate the morphology by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and to estimate the volume fraction of the interphase by means of DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis). It was observed that the domain sizes and the volume fraction of the interphase depend on the difference in polarity of rubbers caused by the presence of the epoxidized phase and the polarizability caused by the difference on the vinyl content. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2377–2384, 2007
Investigation for surface morphology variation of monodisperse polymer particle
Authors: Kim Dong Ok , Jin Jeong Hee , Oh Seok Heon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonodisperse polymer particles composed of polystyrene (PS) and poly(1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate) were prepared via one‐step seeded polymerization using PS as seed particles. For the study, the effects of the molecular weight of seed polymer particles, the ratio of the absorbed hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDA) to the seed polymer particles (swelling ratio), and the seeded polymerization rate on the surface morphology of poly(St‐HDDA) particles were investigated. It was observed that the crater‐shaped defect was at the surface of poly(St‐HDDA) particles, independent of the molecular weight of seed polymer, and swelling ratio. But its surface morphology could be controlled by changing the rate of the seeded polymerization. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2385–2394, 2007
Electrical and mechanical properties of carbon‐black‐filled, electrospun nanocomposite fiber webs
Authors: Hwang Jeesang , Muth John , Ghosh Tushar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of flexible and compliant conductive polymer composites with textile‐like characteristics remains an important endeavor in light of the recent activity in polymer/textile‐based electronics and the need for compliant electrodes for electroactive polymer actuators. In this work, carbon black (CB) was dispersed in a polymer solution to form electrospun fiber webs consisting mainly of nanofibers. The effect of the filler content on the fiber‐web morphology, mechanical behavior, electrical conductivity, and thermal resistance was examined. The electrical conductivity percolation threshold of the fiber‐web structure was found to be around 4.6 vol %. Scanning electron micrographs of the fiber webs revealed a significant influence of the CB content on the fiber formation as well as the bond structure of the fiber web, which influenced the mechanical properties of the web. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2410–2417, 2007
Physical properties of unsaturated polyester resin from glycolyzed pet fabrics
Authors: Potiyaraj P. , Klubdee K. , Limpiti T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhysical properties of unsaturated polyester resins (UPE resins) prepared from glycolyzed poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and PET/cotton blended fabrics were investigated. Initially, PET and PET/cotton blended fabrics were chemically recycled by glycolysis. The depolymerizations were carried out in propylene glycol with the presence of zinc acetate as a catalyst. The reaction time was varied at 4, 6, and 8 h. The glycolyzed products were then esterified using maleic anhydride to obtain UPE resins. The prepared resins were cured using styrene monomer, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, and cobalt octoate as a crosslinking agent, an initiator and an accelerator, respectively. The cured resin products were tested for their mechanical properties and thermal stability. The results indicated that, among the fabric based resins, one prepared from the 8‐h glycolyzed product possessed the highest mechanical properties those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness. The highest thermal stability was also found in the cured resin prepared from the 8‐h glycolyzed product. The mechanical properties of fabric based resins were slightly lower than those of the bottle based resin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2536–2541, 2007