bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in very low birth weight infants with spontaneous focal intestinal perforation—is it really justified?
Authors: Butzer Sarina K. , Faust Kirstin , Oberthuer André , Kleindiek Charlotte , Kuehne Benjamin , Haertel Christoph , Mehler Katrin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at a risk of spontaneous focal intestinal perforation (FIP). Treatment includes supportive care, antibiotics, and drainage with/without surgery. Broad-spectrum antibiotic agents like carbapenems are applied frequently, although their use is not well-supported by the limited evidence of causal pathogens. We hypothesize that the use of carbapenems may not be necessary in VLBW infants with FIP. Our primary objective was to evaluate the antimicrobial use in VLBW infants with FIP in a cohort of the German Neonatal Network (GNN). The secondary objective was to characterize a subset in detail as a benchmark for future targets of stewardship.

Methods
Data on VLBW infants with FIP was collected prospectively within the GNN, a collaboration of 68 neonatal intensive care units (NICU). With regards to the primary objective, patient characteristics and antimicrobial treatment were extracted from the predefined GNN database. To address our secondary objective, an additional on-site assessment of laboratory and microbiological culture results were performed.

Results
In the GNN cohort, 613/21,646 enrolled infants (2.8%) developed FIP requiring surgery. They were frequently treated with carbapenems (500/613 (81.6%)) and vancomycin (497/613 (81.1%)). In a subset of 124 VLBW infants, 77 (72.6%) had proof of gram-positive bacteria in the abdominal cavity, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) predominantly. Despite the low prevalence of gram-negative bacteria (n = 6 (4.8%)), the combination of meropenem and vancomycin was prescribed most frequently (n = 96 (78.0%)).

Conclusion
The use of carbapenems as broad-spectrum antimicrobials agents might not be justified in most VLBW infants with FIP. Knowledge on the development of the neonatal gut microbiota, local resistance patterns and individual microbiological findings should be taken into consideration when implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs).
Der Zusammenhang zwischen betrieblicher Arbeitsschutzorganisation und Gefährdungsbeurteilung
Authors: Sommer Sabine , Lunau Thorsten , Wahrendorf Morten , Beck David , La Rocca Giulia , Rigó Mariann 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie prüft auf der Basis der Daten der deutschen Teilstichprobe der europäischen Unternehmenserhebung über neue und aufkommende Risiken (ESENER) aus den Jahren 2014 und 2019 den Zusammenhang zwischen der Güte der betrieblichen Arbeitsschutzorganisation und der Umsetzung einer Gefährdungsbeurteilung. Zur Bestimmung der Güte der Arbeitsschutzorganisation und der Güte der Gefährdungsbeurteilung wurden verschiedene Items der ESENER-Befragung verwendet. Die Analysen wurden in Form logistischer Regressionsmodelle ausgeführt. Die Ergebnisse werden in Form von adjustierten prognostizierten Wahrscheinlichkeiten und durchschnittlichen marginalen Effekten dargestellt. In beiden untersuchten Erhebungswellen der ESENER-Befragung zeigt sich ein ausgeprägter und signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der Güte der Arbeitsschutzorganisation und der Umsetzung einer Gefährdungsbeurteilung, auch nach Adjustierung für Größe, Branche und Sektor. Während Betriebe mit einer Arbeitsschutzorganisation hoher Güte mehrheitlich angaben, eine umfassende Gefährdungsbeurteilung durchzuführen (2014: 56 %, 2019: 59 %), waren es für Betriebe mit einer Arbeitsschutzorganisation geringer Güte fast 40 Prozentpunkte weniger (18 % bzw. 23 %). Diese Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der betrieblichen Arbeitsschutzorganisation zu einer verbesserten Umsetzung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung beitragen.
Diverse Students’ Mathematical Wellbeing
Authors: Hill Julia L. , Hunter Jodie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSupporting student wellbeing in schools is increasingly becoming a global priority. However, research and initiatives primarily focus on general wellbeing rather than subject-specific experiences. Given the pervasive levels of mathematics anxiety, negative attitudes, and disengagement in mathematics education, we argue for a more contextualised wellbeing approach. We define ‘mathematical wellbeing’ (MWB) as the fulfilment of values whilst learning mathematics accompanied by positive feelings (e.g., enjoyment) and functioning (e.g., engagement) in the discipline. We report on 3073 New Zealand Year Three to Eight students’ responses to a survey measuring their fulfilment of seven MWB values: accomplishments, cognitions, engagement, meaning, perseverance, positive emotions, and relationships. Students’ MWB was highest for relationships and perseverance and lowest for engagement and positive emotions; MWB declined from Years Three to Eight; females often rated higher MWB than males; school sociodemographic status was mostly not significant, whilst engagement and positive emotions differed across ethnicities. Research implications include understanding target areas to improve diverse students’ experiences and wellbeing in mathematics education.
Gender Gap in STEM Pathways: The Role of Gender-Segregated Schooling in Mathematics and Science Performance
Authors: Smith Alice , Evans Tanya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccording to the World Economic Forum, the occupational gender gap with men dominating well-remunerated STEM careers is a key factor in the gender pay gap. However, the problem of underrepresentation of women in STEM fields is mitigated or reversed in some Eastern European and Islamic countries. This disparity suggests that cultural factors are at play. Gender-segregated schooling, which is commonly practiced in Islamic countries, is often seen as a contributing factor. However, the issue of gender-segregated education sparks much controversy. Critics argue evidence is lacking, and segregation may foster sexism and hinder social skills.In New Zealand, there is a significant opportunity to conduct research on gender segregation, as approximately 14.43% of girls and 14.35% of boys attend single-gender schools for their secondary (high school) education. In contrast to the USA and Australia, where single-gender schooling is predominantly offered by private and/or Catholic schools, the majority of New Zealand gender-segregated schools are state schools.Utilising the TIMSS 2019 dataset, our analysis revealed that girls from low socio-economic backgrounds and boys from higher socio-economic backgrounds who attend single-gender schools exhibit significantly higher mathematics and science achievement scores compared to their counterparts in co-educational settings. This success is particularly striking for girls in low socio-economic settings. Given mixed international evidence, this suggests that there must be protective factors at single-gender New Zealand schools, positively influencing these students. We examine potential factors setting apart girls-only schools to provide an explanation of our results: (1) a mitigated influence of gender socialisation practices and stereotype threat and (2) explicit messaging aimed at challenging stereotypes and empowering girls to actively engage in STEM fields.
Venomous Foes in Mediterranean Africa: Occurrence of Physalia physalis (Linnaeus, 1758), and First Records of Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 for Algeria and Tunisia
Authors: Chebaane Sahar , Sempere-Valverde Juan , Desiderato Andrea , Gueroun Sonia K.M. , Tiralongo Francesco , Azzurro Ernesto , Bouhlel Ramla , Derouiche Emna , Sghaier Yassine Ramzi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClimate change can promote shifts in species’ biogeographical distribution, but their monitoring is a challenge in the hardly accessible marine environment. In such cases, citizen science allows collecting data on scales unattainable for researchers. This study uses a citizen science approach through social media platforms to describe a high-occurrence event of the siphonophore Physalia physalis in Tunisia during April 2021, which, in addition to literature records, add to more than 50 colonies recorded in 2021 in Algeria and Tunisia. This is the highest abundance ever reported in these countries. Moreover, 20 specimens of Glaucus atlanticus were recorded in August 2022 in Tunisia, and 1 specimen in June 2023 in Algeria, constituting the first record for the species in both countries. For P. physalis, the reported event could result from an increase of citizen science in these countries, driving an increase of reports uploaded to social media, along with a high occurrence of colonies in 2021. Finally, high occurrence events might be partially predicted by westerly wind prevalence in the Strait of Gibraltar and nearby areas, a geographic bottleneck for colony entrance in the Mediterranean Sea. Overall, this study illustrates the key role of citizen science in resource-limited countries and the need of reinforcing these networks to generate eco-environmental awareness and scientific knowledge towards the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between regorafenib and atorvastatin in rats
Authors: Szkutnik-Fiedler Danuta , Szałek Edyta , Otto Filip , Czyrski Andrzej , Karaźniewicz-Łada Marta , Wolc Anna , Grześkowiak Edmund , Lewandowski Konrad , Karbownik Agnieszka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Regorafenib is used in the treatment of colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the co-morbidity of hyperlipidemia in these conditions, statins, including atorvastatin, are used as potential adjuvant therapy agents. Both regorafenib and atorvastatin are metabolized by CYP3A4. In addition, atorvastatin is a P-gp and BCRP substrate, whereas regorafenib and its active metabolites M-2 and M-5 are inhibitors of these transporters. Hence, the concomitant use of both drugs may increase the risk of a clinically significant drug–drug interaction. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic interactions of atorvastatin and regorafenib and their active metabolites.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups (eight animals in each) and were orally administered: regorafenib and atorvastatin (IREG+ATO), a carrier with regorafenib (IIREG), and atorvastatin with a carrier (IIIATO). Blood samples were collected for 72 h. UPLC-MS/MS was the method of measurement of regorafenib and atorvastatin concentrations. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with a non-compartmental model.

Results
A single administration of atorvastatin increased the exposure to regorafenib and its active metabolites. In the IREG+ATO group, the Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ of regorafenib increased 2.7, 3.2, and 3.2-fold, respectively. Atorvastatin also significantly increased the Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ of both regorafenib metabolites. Regorafenib, in turn, decreased the AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ of 2-OH atorvastatin by 86.9% and 67.3%, and the same parameters of 4-OH atorvastatin by 45.0% and 46.8%, respectively.

Conclusions
This animal model study showed a significant pharmacokinetic interaction between regorafenib and atorvastatin. While this interaction may be clinically significant, this needs to be confirmed in clinical trials involving cancer patients.

Graphical abstract
Assessment of health consequences of fossil fuel energy use in Osun state, Nigeria: burden and implications
Authors: Akintunde Temitope ’Sade , Akanbi Bosede E. , Adagunodo Matthew , Akintunde Adeseye A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe use of fossil fuel energy persists in all the continents of the world, especially in Africa. This study examined fossil fuel energy usage and its health implications in residents of Osun State, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study done across Osun State Nigeria. The study took place between January and June 2020. 1044 participants were recruited by multi-stage random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain necessary information from the study participants. The study data shows there were 534 females (51.1%). 601 (57.6%) relied solely on fossil fuel energy compared to 443 (42.4%) who use non-traditional energy sources. The proportion of people whose annual income is less than 56.6 USD (fifty thousand Naira based on the current official exchange rate as of Jan 2024) is far higher among those who use fossil fuel energy (88.0%) compared to those who use modern energy (59.1%). Electricity consumption accessibility was also more likely among those who used modern energy (91.9%) compared to 52.4% of those who use fossil fuel energy for daily energy needs. Reports of ill-health were significantly commoner among those who used fossil fuel than modern energy in the population including asthma illness (15.3% vs. 11.3%), cough (21.1% vs. 16.7%), catarrh (19.3% vs. 10.8%) and difficulty in breathing (9.3% vs. 6.3%) respectively. This study showed that fossil fuel energy use is very prevalent among residents of Osun State, Nigeria. And may be linked with many indices of poverty. It is associated with significant health impacts including respiratory diseases and poor quality of life. There is a need to encourage and implement policies toward effective and efficient energy use among residents in Osun State to reduce the associated long-term health impact.
Exploring attitudes toward safety climate: a cross-sectional study among interventional radiology team members using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ)
Authors: Bjällmark Anna , Persson Victoria , Karlsson Bodil , Bazzi May 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Interventional radiology (IR) has evolved into a well-established medical discipline known for its minimally invasive procedures. Establishing a culture of safety in IR settings is crucial to improve patient safety and quality of care. This study describes and compares attitudes about patient safety among professionals working with IR in Sweden. In addition, this study evaluates whether the WHO Safety Checklist for IR is routinely used for radiological interventions.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey uses an electronic questionnaire to collect data from 25 IR units. The attitudes of IR team members (radiographers, physicians, nurses, and assistant nurses) were assessed using the Swedish Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), which was adapted for this context.

Results
The two highest factor scores/percentages of positive responses from the IR team were found for job satisfaction (90/94%) and teamwork climate (85/92%), and stress recognition had the lowest values (54/25%). The attitudes were relatively consistent, with few significant differences between the professions (Factor scores: P = 0.039 for job satisfaction, and P = 0.050 for working conditions. Percentage of positive responses: P = 0.027 for perceptions of management). The radiographers tended to have slightly lower values compared to the other professions among these factors (P < 0.05). The WHO safety checklist for IR was not being used on a regular basis, but the respondents recognized its importance for patient safety.

Conclusions
This study shows high factor scores for the different safety climate factors, with job satisfaction having the highest values. Areas that need improvement are perceptions of management and stress recognition. Attitudes were consistent across professions in the IR team, but radiographers had slightly lower values in some aspects.
Precautionary Principle and Impact Assessment: The Case of School Closures during the Pandemic in Ireland
Authors: Arduin Sarah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of the precautionary principle by the EU Courts has often been interpreted by scholars as inconsistent with another trend in EU risk regulation: one that is evidence-based and relies on impact assessment. This article argues that the two trends – precaution and regulatory impact assessment – are not mutually exclusive. Together they may, in fact, act as a procedural safeguard against discretionary decisions that have an impact on fundamental rights, especially under conditions of epistemic uncertainty. The article illustrates this claim by looking at the decisions to close schools in Ireland during the pandemic.
A plesiosaurian autopodial element (Plesiosauria indet.) with remarkable articular subchondral surfaces from the Maastrichtian type area (south-east Netherlands)
Authors: Barten Lars P.J. , Mulder Eric W.A. , Jagt John W.M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe first isolated and well-preserved phalanx (autopodial element) of a generically and specifically indeterminate (probably xenopsarian) plesiosaur from the Maastrichtian type area (south-east Netherlands) is described and illustrated. Morphological features of this bone, such as the articular subchondral surfaces, allow it to be distinguished from phalanges of co-occurring mosasaurs (Mosasauridae, Squamata) and could imply rapid growth in plesiosaurs, similar to that observed in extant leatherback turtles. The large size of the phalanx indicates that it originates either from a large juvenile or from a paedomorphic individual. The paucity of plesiosaur remains in biocalcarenites of late Maastrichtian age in the Maastrichtian type area could be explained by the shallow settings, in which these strata were deposited, which may not have offered suitable ecological resources conducive to abundant plesiosaur inhabitation. Presumably, the lack of steep continental slopes in the type Maastrichtian, at which oceanic upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water supported a higher prey density for pelagic predators such as plesiosaurs, may have inhibited plesiosaur occupation. Rather, decomposing floating carcasses may have been the source of dissociated elements of plesiosaurs in this area, such as isolated teeth, vertebrae and the autopodial element described here.
Are We All Alright? The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Black Women’s Political Beliefs and Policy Preferences by Region
Authors: Stewart Jessica Lynn , Scott Jamil S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBlack women have come to be seen as a dominant force in American politics—particularly in support of the Democratic party. However, this dominance in the political sphere has not translated to dominance in the economic sphere. Despite Black women’s outperformance of their Black male peers in higher education outcomes and overrepresentation in the labor force, there is still an economic gap between Black women and their male counterparts. In addition, regional differences in cost of living have led to diverging local conditions for Black women as well. What do Black women’s socioeconomic outcomes mean for their political ideology and political preferences? Few studies capture intra-group variation among Black women and how the context in which they live may shape their economic and sociopolitical outlook. Using the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey, we examine how the relationship between Black women’s socioeconomic status and their political beliefs and the relationship between Black women’s socioeconomic status and political preferences are conditioned by region. We capture the individual factors and regional context that shape differences among Black women in their political beliefs and policy attitudes. This research furthers our understanding of differences in Black women’s politics.
Evaluation of the introduction of a single-lead ECG device and digital cardiologist consultation platform among general practitioners in the Netherlands
Authors: Karregat Evert P.M. , de Koning Marlou A. , Himmelreich Jelle C.L. , Koetsier David W. , de Jong Jonas S.S.G. , Moll van Charante Eric P. , Harskamp Ralf E. , Lucassen Wim A.M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To evaluate the use of a single-lead electrocardiography (1L-ECG) device and digital cardiologist consultation platform in diagnosing arrhythmias among general practitioners (GPs).

Background:
Handheld 1L-ECG offers a user-friendly alternative to conventional 12-lead ECG in primary care. While GPs can safely rule out arrhythmias on 1L-ECG recordings, expert consultation is required to confirm suspected arrhythmias. Little is known about GPs’ experiences with both a 1L-ECG device and digital consultation platform for daily practice.

Methods:
We used two distinct methods in this study. First, in an observational study, we collected and described all cases shared by GPs within a digital cardiologist consultation platform initiated by a local GP cooperative. This GP cooperative distributed KardiaMobile 1L-ECG devices among all affiliated GPs (n = 203) and invited them to this consultation platform. In the second part, we used an online questionnaire to evaluate the experiences of these GPs using the KardiaMobile and consultation platform.

Findings:
In total, 98 (48%) GPs participated in this project, of whom 48 (49%) shared 156 cases. The expert panel was able to provide a definitive rhythm interpretation in 130 (83.3%) shared cases and answered in a median of 4 min (IQR: 2–18). GPs responding to the questionnaire (n = 43; 44%) thought the KardiaMobile was of added value for rhythm diagnostics in primary care (n = 42; 98%) and easy to use (n = 41; 95%). Most GPs (n = 36; 84%) valued the feedback from the cardiologists in the consultation platform. GPs experienced this project to have a positive impact on both the quality of care and diagnostic efficiency for patients with (suspected) cardiac arrhythmias. Although we lack a comprehensive picture of experienced impediments by GPs, solving technical issues was mentioned to be helpful for further implementation. More research is needed to explore reasons of GPs not motivated using these tools and to assess real-life clinical impact.
Statistics of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances at High Latitudes Using a Rapid‐Run Ionosonde
Authors: Moges Samson T. , Sherstyukov Ruslan O. , Kozlovsky Alexander , Ulich Thomas , Lester Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe potential of deep learning for the investigation of medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) has been exploited through the Sodankylä rapid‐run ionosonde in this statistical study. The complementing observations of the Sodankylä ionosonde with those of the Sodankylä meteor radar reveals the diurnal and seasonal occurrence rate of high‐latitude MSTIDs in the recent low solar activity period, 2018–2020. In our results, the daytime, nighttime and dusk MSTIDs are predominantly identified during winter, summer, and equinoctial months, respectively. The winter daytime higher (lower) occurrence rate is well correlated with the lower (higher) altitude of the height of the F2‐layer peak (hmF2), and the low occurrence rate of the summer daytime is well correlated with the mesosphere‐lower‐thermosphere wind shear and higher gradient of temperature. Relatively high occurrence rate (>0.4) of summer nighttime MSTIDs has a general—but not one‐to‐one agreement—with post‐noon to evening IU (eastward auroral current index) inferred ionospheric conductivity. Rather, we see a one‐to‐one relationship between the summer nighttime MSTIDs and zonal wind shear suggesting that the wind shear‐induced electrodynamic processes could play significant roles for higher occurrence rate of MSTIDs. Furthermore, significant MSTIDs with ∼0.4 occurrence rate are so far revealed during spring and autumn transition periods. The enhanced nighttime MSTID amplitudes during the equinox are observed to be well correlated with IL index (westward auroral current indicator) suggesting that the particle precipitation during substorms could be the primary cause.