bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarographic Studies on the Rare Earths. II. Europium
Authors: Misumi Seizo , Ide Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The double reduction waves of pure aquo tripositive europium ion, under various conditions, at dropping mercury electrode were studied. The effects of the variations in pH, the concentration of europium ion, the anion species of supporting electrolytes, and the concentration of gelatin as maximum suppressor, etc. were examined. The electrode reaction of the first wave was irreversible and one electron reduction, and that of the second wave was the irreversible or quasi reversible two electrons reduction. The half-wave potentials of the first wave and the second wave at pH 2.95 were as follows. (E_1)_1/2: -0.767 V. vs. S. C. E.(E_2)_1/2: -1.971 V. vs. S. C. E.where concentration of Eu3+ ion : 1.104 mm in 0.1 m LiCl and 0.01% gelatin medium.
Analysis of Non-Newtonian Flow by Falling-Sphere Method
Authors: Hirota Sadao , Takada Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A procedure to obtain a general flow curve by falling-sphere method is presented. The shear stress SR and shear rate (du/dr)R at the equator of the sphere are given as
& S_R=RΔρg/3
& (du/dr)_R=(3U_0/2R)
&  ×[1+2.5(dlogU_0/dlogR-2)
&  -(3/4)(dlogU_0/dlogR-2)^2]
where Δρ is the density difference between sphere and fluid, R the radius and U0 the falling velocity of the sphere.
Dielectric Constants of Binary Mixtures; 1,2-Dichloroethane and Nonpolar Solvents
Authors: Fujishiro Ryoichi , Kimura Ko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dielectric constant for the mixture dichloroethane-carbon tetrachloride was calculated by making use of a model proposed by Onsager, Fujishiro and Schlote. The calculated values agree rather well with the experimental. The higher the temperature is, the better is the agreement. The dielectric constants of other mixture such as dichloroethane-cyclohexane, dichloroethane-benzene and dichloroethane-carbon disulfide were also measured only at 25°C and compared with one another. The coincidence of the theoretical values with the experimental was obtained in the following order; carbondisulfide, benzene, carbon tetrachloride and cyclohexane.
The Silver Catalyzed Oxidation of Arsenious Acid by Persulfate
Authors: Gupta Yugul Kishore , Misra Deen Dayal 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of silver catalyzed oxidation of arsenious acid has been followed by estimating the acid with the permanganate. The results are reproducible only with the same stock solution of arsenious acid. This oxidation is much faster than other silver catalyzed oxidations, such as those of Cr3+, VO2+, Mn2+, Ce2+, etc. The oxidation is of the first order in persulfate and independent of the concentration of the acid. The entropy of activation has been calculated and a mechanism has been suggested. No conclusion regarding the salt effect could be obtained due to the specific effect of the ions. K+, Na+, NH4+ and Mg2+ inhibit in the order given. Nitrate ion accelerates the rate and sulfate ion seems to have no effect.
Polarographic Studies of Metallic Complexes. IV. Bisethylenediamine Series of Cobalt (III) Complexes
Authors: Maki Nobufumi , Shimura Yoichi , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Most of the cobalt (III) complex ions of bisethylenediamine series, [Co en2X2](3−2n)+ or [Co en2Y](3−m)+ are reduced irreversibly in two steps at the dropping mercury electrode. The first diffusion current corresponds to the reduction, Co(III)→Co(II) and the second to the reduction, Co(II)→Co(0). The second step always exhibits the maximum wave.
2. The polarographic stability of [Co en2X2] type complexes increases in the following order of the ligands;
Br^-, Cl^-&lt;NCS^-&lt;NO_2^-&lt;NH_3&lt;OH_2&lt;CN^-
(Supporting electrolyte; 0.5F K2SO4)
Similarly, the order of the stability of [Co en2Y] type complexes is as follows;
leuc^-&lt;ox^2-&lt;gly^-&lt;SO_3^2-&lt;CO_3^2-&lt;en
(Supporting electrolyte; 0.5F K2SO4)
These orders are independent of the kind of supporting electrolyte such as potassium chloride or potassium sulfate. The orders of the polarographic stability did not agree with that of the spectrochemical series.
3. In perchloric acid the well-defined wave of steep slope was obtained for diaquo-bisethylenediaminecobalt (III) ion, [Co en2(OH2)2]3+, while the ion gave a modified wave in the neutral solution of 0.1F potassium chloride and of 0.5F potassium sulfate. This phenomena was explained as being due to the inhibition of the dissociation and polymerization of the complex in the presence of an overwhelming hydrogen ion. A similar behavior was observed in the aquo-ammine cobalt (III) complexes.
Syntheses of Pyrimidine Derivatives. XVII. On the Reaction Mechanism of Some Pyrimidine Syntheses
Authors: Takamizawa Akira , Tokuyama Kanji , Tori Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mechanism of the reactions of 2-alkoxymethylene-3-alkoxypropionitrile and 2-dialkoxymethyl-3-alkoxypropionitrile with acetamidine was studied. The results show that these two nitriles react with acetamidine in completely different manners. In the case of the reaction of 2-alkoxymethylene-3-alkoxypropionitrile with acetamidine, the final product (2-methyl-4-amino-5-alkoxymethylpyrimidine) can be obtained directly, while in the case of the reaction of the other nitrile with acetamidine, the intermediate with the absorption maximum at 275 mμ can be detected spectrophotometrically. This intermediate could be identified with 2-acetamidinomethylene-3-alkoxypropionitrile. The difference in the mechanism between these two reactions might be explained by taking into consideration the fact that the intermediate in the latter case can be stabilized by the resonance among the usual structure and the polar structures in which non-bonding electrons on the nitrogen atom of the amino group migrate into C≡N or C=N group.
Synthesis of Sarkomycin. II. A New Synthesis of the Alkyl Cyclopentanone-3-carboxylate
Authors: Toki Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cyclopentanone-3-carboxylate which is the starting material for the synthesis of dl-sarkomycin (2-methylenecyclopentanone-3-carboxylic acid) was obtained by a new route from butadiene and alkyl acrylate through alkyl cyclohexene-4-carbonylate and thence 3-alkoxycarbonyl adipic acid.
Effects of Dry Grinding on Kaolin Minerals. I. Kaolinite
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of several-hundred-hour mechanical-mortar dry grinding of kaolinite were studied by X-ray, thermal, electron microscopic and other methods. It has been found that there are two sorts of structural change in the process of dry grinding of kaolinite. One is the production of a non-crystalline substance attended by the disordering of the crystalline part, and the other is the reaggregation process. The process of the reduction in the particle size and the process of the production of the non-crystalline substance are connected to the process of the reaggregation. In a certain stage of the dry grinding, the reaggregates are spherical particles which have a zeolitic structure. As the grinding further progresses, the structure of the crystalline part in this radial particle becomes disordered due to the mechanical stress, and it changes into an amorphous substance at last. Consequently, the effect of dry grinding of kaolin mineral depends on the structural perfectness of alumino-silicate layers of the kaolin mineral, that is, the internal crystallinity of the kaolin mineral.
Effects of Dry Grinding on Kaolin Minerals. II. Kibushi-clay
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of several-hundred-hour mechanical-mortar dry grinding of Kibushi-clay which is a kaolin mineral of fireclay type were studied by X-ray diffraction, thermal, electron microscopic and other methods and compared with those of kaolinite. It has been found that the process of a production of a non-crystalline substance attended with a disordering of a crystalline part and the process of a reaggregation are present in the dry grinding of Kibushi-clay as in kaolinite. Finally, Kibushi-clay changes into an amorphous substance as the result of dry grinding. In a certain stage of grinding, a zeolitic structure is formed. As the grinding progresses, the particle size increases owing to reaggregation. When an amorphous substance like silicaalumina mixed gel is produced, the particle size grows irregularly. In Kibushiclay, the time it takes to become amorphous by dry grinding is shorter than in the case of kaolinite. Consequently, the effects of dry grinding of kaolinite and kaolin mineral of fireclay type depend on the structural perfection of unit layers of the original kaolin minerals.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium with Neo-thorone
Authors: Shibata Shozo , Matsumae Teiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The spectrophotometric method for the determination of microquantities of uranium with Neo-thorone was established. By this method 5 to 40 μg. of uranium in 25 ml. solution can be determined easily and accurately. Interference by a small amount of aluminum, zinc, lead, thorium and iron could be avoided by using sodium ethylenediaminetetra-acetate. Therefore, complete separation of iron, thorium, and aluminum is not necessary.
Ion-Exchange Separation of Cerium and Thorium with Lead-EDTA Complex as Eluting Agent
Authors: Taketatsu Tomitsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The separation of cerium and thorium ions was studied with a lead-EDTA complex solution as eluant. The optimum conditions were determined as the following: the concentration of the lead-EDTA solution was 0.015 mole, pH 3.0 and the flow rate 1.0∼1.5ml./min. Thorium ions were completely eluted with 200 ml. of the eluant at the optimum conditions, while no cerium ions were detected in the effluent with 1000 ml. of the eluant. Thus the use of a lead-EDTA complex solution as eluant was concluded to be effective for separation of cerium and thorium ions.
Penetration of Liquids into Filter Paper Used in Paper Chromatography
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Osagawa Kyoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The penetration of liquid into a piece of filter paper hung vertically above a liquid is studied theoretically and experimentally. The height of the ascent of the liquid is proportional to the square root of the time at the initial stage of the penetration, but the proportionality does not hold in a wide range of time. The equation which describes this relationship between the height and time has been derived. The values of the parameters in the equation have been determined for acetone, benzene, water, carbon tetrachloride and ethanol. It is concluded that the capillary gap in the filter paper is about 6 μ in the half distance and the length of the gap is about 3 times larger than the length of the filter paper, if the gap is assumed to be two dimensional.
Effects of Dry Grinding on Talc
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The several-hundred-hour mechanicalmortar dry grinding on talc was examined by X-ray diffraction method, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy and density measurements, and they were compared with those of kaolin minerals. In the dry grinding on talc, some characteristics in the structural changes by dry grinding were found. As the grinding progresses, the original crystals cleave and fracture and then split into fine crystals. Disordering in structure of these fine crystals is observable before the talc structure disintegrates completely. In talc, a new substance is produced by dry grinding, which is somewhat related to but different from the original talc structure. The appearance of this new phase is most remarkable in the stage of grinding where the crystalline pattern of talc entirely disappears in the X-ray diagram. This new phase has a non-crystalline structure, but the strurcture is not completely amorphous. It crystallizes into a new crystal at about 800°C. As the grinding progresses, the structure of this new phase gradually disintegrates to a completely amorphous structure similar to that of a silica-magnesia mixed gel. The formation of a zeolitic structure is not so remarkable; also, even if this structure is formed, the period of its stage is very short. It is an important characteristic that talc wholly changes into a new non-crystalline substance by dry grinding. It is generally supposed that talc does not easily suffer the effects of dry grinding because the structure is stronger than that of kaolin minerals.
Studies on the Interaction of Surface Films with Solute in Solution. V Deposition of Monolayers of Several Amphipathic Compounds from Surfaces of Aqueous Solutions of Congo Red and Crystal Violet
Authors: Muramatsu Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Attempts were made to obtain the builtup films of stearic acid, cholesterol, cetyl alcohol, ethyl n-hexadecyl ether, ethyl stearate and octadecylamine, by transferring each monolayer from the surfaces of water and aqueous solutions of Congo red and Crystal violet. Deposition of the monolayers of cetyl alcohol, ethyl n-hexadecyl ether and ethyl stearate was unsuccessful, irrespective of whether the substrate contained dye or not. On the other hand, the monolayers of the remaining compounds could easily be deposited onto the solid phase from the surfaces of water and dye solution.
The effect of added dye upon the apparent spacing of the film thus obtained seems to show an attachment of dye to the film substance, though the spacing varied from one case to another. This variation could be explained taking account of the balance of two contributing factors mutually opposite to the apparent spacing: one, increase of the film thickness due to the attachment of dye, and the other, decrease of the refractive index of the film due to the wide separation of n-hydrocarbon chain. Such a consideration was supported by the data on the wettability toward benzene. All these phenomena are in agreement with the data on the effect of dissolved dye upon the limiting area of the monolayer spread on it.
Purification of Silicontetraiodide by Zone-refining Process
Authors: Baba Hideo , Nozaki Tadashi , Araki Hidemaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The behavior of phosphorus and boron as impurity elements in silicon tetraiodide was studied during the normal segregation and zone melting processes. Both of them can be removed efficiently by this process, and it is considered that the colloidal hydrolyzed product suspended in silicon tetraiodide plays a predominant role for segregation because of its high adsorptivity to these elements. The distribution curve of radioactive phosphorus seems to show the influence of this material.
On the Mechanism of Oxidation by Cuprous Chloride, Pyridine and Air. II. The Mechanism of Formation of Azobenzene from Aniline
Authors: Kinoshita Keiz\={o} 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Attempted aerial oxidation of aniline, catalyzed by cuprous acetate pyridine complex, is unsuccessful even at 80°C.
(2) By the aerial oxidation of equimolar mixture of aniline and p-anisidine, catalyzed by a small amount of cuprous chloride, 4,4′azoanisol is selectively obtained in the early stage of this reaction.
(3) By the aerial oxidation catalyzed by cuprous chloride in a pyridine solution, the yields of the azo compounds, which are produced from p-toluidine and p-anisidine, are almost quantitative. On the other hand, the yields of the azo compounds, which are produced from o-toluidine and o-anisidine, are very poor.
(4) In this reaction, it is postulated that an intermediate [Cu(II)–NHC6H5] is initially formed, and that hydrazobenzene and cuprous complex are produced by the bimolecular reaction of this intermediate.
(5) Hydrazobenzene is converted into azobenzene almost quantitatively under the same condition as aniline is oxidized.
Studies on the Sapogenins of Dioscorea tokoro Mdkino. II The Structure of Tokorogenin
Authors: Morita Katsura 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The correlation of tokorogenin (I) with the known steroid, 25D-5β-spirostan (IX), was established: Tokorogenin formed an acetonide (IIa), which could be tosylated and then hydrolyzed to give tokorogenin monotosylate (IVb). On treatment with alkali, IVb was led to anhydrotokorogenin (Va), which on oxidation with Py.—CrO3 and subsequent reduction with CrCl2 gave rise to an α,β-unsaturated ketone (VII). Catalytic hydrogenation of VII followed by the Huang-Minion reaction furnished 25D-5β-spirostan (IX).
(2) In order to determine the configuration of the hydroxyl group at C3, IIa was oxidized with Py.—CrO3 and the product was reduced with LiAlH4 to give a mixture of IIa and XIII. Careful chromatography of the mixture revealed that the substance eluted first was XIII, while the second which eluted from the column was IIa, thus leaving only the structural possibility of 25D-5β-spirostan-1β,2β,3α-triol (I) to tokorogenin.
High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Ring Protons in Substituted Benzenes
Authors: Yamaguchi Ichiro , Hayakawa Naohiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
High resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of a variety of mono- and di-substituted benzenes were observed at 56.4 Mc. The spectra of molecules with higher symmetry were analyzed, and the values of chemical shifts among the ring protons and those referred to benzene were obtained as well as spin coupling constants. The spectra were discussed with correlation to the substituents.
Electrode Processes of Nickel(II) Ions at the Mercury Electrode in Concentrated Calcium Chloride Solutions
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Tamamushi Reita , Kodama Mutsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A typical reduction wave with a half wave potential of −0.462 V. vs. S. C. E. was obtained with nickel(II) ions in 6 m calcium chloride solution. The a. c. and the Kalousek’s polarograms revealed that the electrode reaction is a quasi-reversible one. From the coulometric measurement carried out at the constant potential, the overall electrode reaction proved to be a two-electron reduction. Nearly the total amount of nickel reduced by the controlled potential electrolysis with the mercury electrode was recovered from the mercury, indicating that the nickel (II) ions are reduced to nickel metal to form probably nickel amalgam. From these experimental results the electrode reaction of nickel (II) ions in 6 m calcium chloride at the mercury electrode was concluded to proceed quasireversibly according to the equation
Nicl_4^2-+2e+Hg\ightleftarrowsNi(Hg)+4Cl^-
Long-chain Phosphates. I. Reactions of Solid Potassium Kurrol Salt with Solutions of Various Metal Salts
Authors: Ohashi Shigeru , Yamagishi Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pure crystalline potassium Kurrol salt was prepared and its X-ray pattern was compared with that obtained by Klement et al. The solubility of the potassium Kurrol salt in water was 0.007∼0.009 per cent at room temperature. Qualitative observation was made for the reactions of the potassium Kurrol salt with various metal ions. Therefore was an optimum concentration of sodium chloride to dissolve the potassium Kurrol salt. The investigation of reactions of the potassium Kurrol salt in a solid state with solutions of nickel sulfate indicated that the reaction is a cation-exchange reaction between potassium and nickel ions. It was also found that the reaction is reverssible. The nickel-substituted product is green-colored and gummy. Some properties of the substances obtained by heating the above green product were studied. Exchange reactions of potassium Kurrol salt with various metal ions were investigated. Percentages of exchange for magnesium, calcium, manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc were all in the range 82 to 94 under the conditions used in the present work.
Self-consistent Field Molecular Orbital Treatment of Benzenium Ion for a Simplified Model of Hyperconjugation
Authors: Morita Toshifumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Semi-empirical SCF LCAO MO calculations of benzenium ion was undertaken for the model of localization as well as hyperconjugation of the H2–C bond constructed at the position of proton attack. A simplified model of hyperconjugation in the semi-empirical SCF MO method was extended. Calculated results for the hyperconjugation model agreed satisfactorily with the experimental electronic spectra.
Superiority of the SCF MO method to the Hückel MO or ASMO method was indicated in connection with the ordinarily accepted spectral shift through hyperconjugation. Further, some modifications were tried, for the bond localization model, which would have to be taken in the Hückel MO as well as ASMO calculations.
The proton magnetic resonance signals due to methyl substituents in the carbonium ions of methylbenzenes were discussed from charge densities of benzenium ion.
Estimation of the Energy of Hydrogen Bonds Formed in Crystals. II. Phenols
Authors: Aihara Ariyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The energies of hydrogen bonds formed in the crystalline state of twelve phenols have been estimated by a procedure proposed in a previous paper. The values of energy range from zero to 7 kcal./mol. depending upon the difference of molecular structures: the phenols with bulky substituents in the vicinity of OH groups are non- or weakly-hydrogen-bonded, while those with carbonyl or methoxy groups at para positions are strongly bonded presumably by head-to-tail association. The other phenols fall between the two extremes. Incidentally it is interesting that the highest values of OH···O bond are rather close to the energies of association of carboxylic acids in the gaseous state.
With 1- and 2-naphthols, a parallel relation between the transitions of the above substances and the melting of phenol has been pointed out.
Primary Processes in the Photobleaching of Eosin as Revealed by the Flash Technique
Authors: Kato Shunji , Watanabe Teiko , Nagaki Shigeo , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reductive photobleaching of eosin and uranin in ethanol solutions was studied by the flash technique. Transient spectra of semiquinone with a lifetime of millisecond order was established. In addition, another transient spectra with a life of the same order was observed in the case of eosin. This was interpreted to be due to a certain complex intermediate between ethanol and eosin, formed prior to semiquinone. The aerated alcoholic solution and the evacuated aqueous solution, when illuminated by a flash, showed no transient spectra in the wavelength region of the above two intermediates. The fluorescence of the aerated ethanol solution produced by the flash had about twenty times as large intensity as that of the evacuated solution induced under otherwise similar condition. A scheme for the primary processes of the reductive photobleaching involving the above complex can interpret all these results satisfactorily.
Absorption Spectra of Metallic Complexes with Aromatic Molecules
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Nishikawa Hiroaki , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ultraviolet absorption spectra of Cr(CO)6, Cr(C6H6)(CO)3, [Cr(C6H6)2]I and [Cr(C6H5CH3)2]I have been determined in various solvents. Dichroism in the visible and ultraviolet region of Cr(C6H6)(CO)3 has been determined at room temperature by Tsuchida and Kobayashi’s microscopic method with a single crystal of the compound.
The absorption spectrum of Cr(C6H6)(CO)3 shows main features similar to those of the spectrum of the [Cr(C6H6)2]+ ion.
These compounds all show a weak absorption band to the long wavelength side of the intense absorption bands.
The results of the measurements have been discussed in relation to the bonding involved in these compounds. Discussion also has been undertaken about Hein’s polyphenyl-compounds of chromium(I) on the basis of the present measurements. Absorption spectra of Hein’s compounds of chromium(I) seem to be in agreement with the assumption of the sandwich structure.