bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfilariae in thyroid aspiration smear—An unexpected finding
Authors: Maheshwari Veena , Khan Lubna , Mehdi Ghazala , Zafar Uzma , Alam Kiran 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLymphatic filariasis is a major health problem in tropical countries including India. Despite its high incidence it is difficult to find microfilariae in blood and fine‐needle aspirates due to the nocturnal periodicity of species endemic in India. Lymphatic filariasis can manifest as asymptomatic microfilaremia, hydrocele, lymphangitis, and lymphadenitis.The presence of microfilariae in thyroid aspirates is a rare finding. A case of microfilariae in a thyroid aspirate is being reported to emphasize the significance of careful screening of smears in endemic areas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:40–41. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cre activity causes widespread apoptosis and lethal anemia during embryonic development
Authors: Naiche L. A. , Papaioannou Virginia E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCre‐mediated excision of targeted loxP sites is widely used to delete or to activate gene expression in temporal or tissue‐specific fashions. We examine three previously described cre alleles and find that Cre activity alone causes dramatic developmental defects, such as loss of hematopoietic activity and dramatically upregulated apoptosis in many embryonic tissues in two of these lines. These results demonstrate that cre expression generates spurious phenotypes that can confound genetics analyses. We also find that most recently published studies fail to include cre‐positive controls, and thus may have attributed roles to a targeted gene, which were in reality partly or wholly due to Cre toxicity. This information will be critical in both evaluating previously published work using cre alleles and in designing future experiments. genesis 45:768–775, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foxb1‐driven Cre expression in somites and the neuroepithelium of diencephalon, brainstem, and spinal cord
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Zhou Xunlei , Szabó Nora , Leitges Michael , Alvarez‐Bolado Gonzalo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe have knocked‐in Cre‐IRES‐EGFP in the Foxb1 locus by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. We removed the PGK‐neo cassette (which was flanked by FRT sequences) by crossing with the FLPeR deleter mouse. The Foxb1Cre line showed Cre recombinase activity as well as EGFP fluorescence reproducing Foxb1 expression accurately. By crossing Foxb1Cre mice with the ROSA26R and Z/AP mouse reporter lines we have been able to trace the lineage of Foxb1‐expressing cells. Early transient expression of Foxb1 in the paraxial mesoderm translates into labeling of the somites. In the central nervous system (CNS), the Foxb1 lineage includes the thalamus and mammillary body (hypothalamus), brainstem, and the ventral spinal cord and floor plate. genesis 45:781–787, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactions of Thorium Atoms with Polyhalomethanes: Infrared Spectra of the CH2=ThX2, HC÷ThX3, and XC÷ThX3 Molecules
Authors: Lyon Jonathan T. , Andrews Lester 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLaser‐ablated thorium atoms react with methylene fluoride to form singlet CH2=ThF2, with fluoroform to give triplet HC÷ThF3, and with CF4 to produce triplet FC÷ThF3 molecules as the major products trapped in solid argon. Infrared spectroscopy, isotopic substitution, and density functional theoretical calculations confirm the identity of these methylidene and methylidyne complexes. Parallels with the analogous chloromethane and Group 4 metal reaction products are discussed. Structure calculations show that the C=Th bond lengths decrease and the agostic distortion increases from CH2=ThF2 to CH2=ThFCl to CH2=ThCl2 for the methylidene complexes. The triplet‐state HC÷ThF3 and FC÷ThF3 electron‐deficient methylidyne complexes exhibit delocalized ‐bonding as evidenced by spin densities comparable to those calculated for the analogous zirconium complexes. Chlorine substitution for fluorine supports stronger C÷Th bonds. Thus, thorium appears to react as the early transition‐metal atoms with fluoro‐ and chloromethanes. However, there is a substantial contribution from Th 5f orbitals in addition to 6d in the SOMO forming the weak π‐bonds in these electron‐deficient methylidyne complexes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Studies on the Structure and Biosynthesis of Tridentoquinone and Related Meroterpenoids from the Mushroom Suillus tridentinus (Boletales)
Authors: Lang Martin , Mühlbauer Andrea , Gräf Claudia , Beyer Jürgen , Lang‐Fugmann Susanne , Polborn Kurt , Steglich Wolfgang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTridentoquinone (1), the main pigment of Suillus tridentinus, is accompanied by the known meroterpenoid bolegrevilol (3) and a dimer, tridentorubin (5). The absolute configuration of 1 was unambiguously established by a single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the corresponding (–)‐camphanoate. The structure of 5 was elucidated by 2D NMR techniques including a 2D INADEQUATE experiment. Feeding experiments with [1‐13C]‐labeled 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (6*) and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (7*) proved the incorporation of these precursors into all three metabolites. Tridentoquinone (1) was monolabeled at C‐1 suggesting the formation of the ansa ring by oxidative cyclisation of 2‐geranylgeranyl‐6‐hydroxybenzoquinone (10). This was supported by the isolation of the expected intermediate, deoxytridentoquinone (11), from the mushroom extract. Tridentorubin (5) may be formed by addition of precursor 10 to tridentoquinone (1). This hypothesis is backed up by the in vitro formation of an analogous product 13 from 1 and 1,4‐benzoquinone. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Ploidy and karyotype complexity are powerful prognostic indicators in the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors: A study by the United Kingdom Cancer Cytogenetics and the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group
Authors: Roberts Paul , Burchill Susan A. , Brownhill Samantha , Cullinane Catherine J. , Johnston Colin , Griffiths Mike J. , McMullan Dom J. , Bown Nick P. , Morris Stephen P. , Lewis Ian J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEwing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) are characterized by the presence of EWSR1‐ETS fusion genes. Secondary chromosome changes are frequently described, although their clinical significance is not clear. In this study, we have collected and reviewed abnormal karyotypes from 88 patients with primary ESFT and a rearrangement of 22q12. Secondary changes were identified in 80% (70/88) of tumors at diagnosis. Multivariate analysis showed a worse overall and relapse free survival (RFS) for those with a complex karyotype (overall survival, P = 0.005; RFS, P = 0.04), independent of metastatic disease. Univariate survival analysis showed that a chromosome number above 50 or a complex karyotype was associated with a worse overall survival (>50 chromosomes, P = 0.05; complex karyotype, P = 0.04). There was no association between type of cytogenetic abnormality and the presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis of a small subgroup with trisomy 20 indicated that trisomy 20 was associated with a worse overall and RFS. There was no difference in outcome associated with other recurrent trisomies (2, 5, 7, 8, or 12) or the common recurrent secondary structural rearrangements (deletions of 1p36, 9p12, 17p13, and 16q, and gain of 1q), although numbers were small. These data demonstrate the continued value of cytogenetics as a genome‐wide screen in ESFT and illustrates the potential importance of secondary chromosome changes for stratification of patients for risk. Specifically, karyotype complexity appears to be a powerful predictor of prognosis, and the presence of trisomy 20 may be a marker of a more aggressive subset of this group. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small heat shock proteins Hsp27 or αB‐crystallin and the protein components of neurofibrillary tangles: Tau and neurofilaments
Authors: Björkdahl Cecilia , Sjögren Magnus J. , Zhou Xinwen , Concha Hernan , Avila Jesus , Winblad Bengt , Pei Jin‐Jing 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe heat‐shock proteins (HSPs) Hsp27 and αB‐crystallin are up‐regulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the extent of this and the consequences are still largely unknown. The HSPs are involved in protein degradation and protection against protein aggregation, and they interact with several cytoskeletal components such as microtubules (MT) and neurofilaments (NF). AD pathology includes aggregated proteins (tau, NF), decreased protein degradation, and cytoskeletal disruption. It is thus of interest to investigate more closely the possible roles of the HSPs in AD pathology. The expressions of Hsp27 and αB‐crystallin in AD brain samples were significantly increased (by ∼20% and ∼30%, respectively) and correlated significantly with phosphorylated tau and NF proteins. To investigate the consequences of increased HSP levels on tau and NF regulation, N2a cells were transfected with Hsp27 or αB‐crystallin constructs, and overexpression of the HSPs was confirmed in the cells. Increased tau phosphorylation at the Ser262 site in the N2a cells was regulated by Hsp27 overexpression (possibly through p70S6k), whereas the overexpression of αB‐crystallin resulted in decreased levels of phosphorylated tau, NF, and GSK‐3β. It was also shown that overexpression of HSPs causes an increase in the percentage of cells present in the G1phase. The results presented suggest that a cellular defense against dysregulated proteins, in the form of Hsp27 and αB‐crystallin, might contribute to the cell cycle reentry seen in AD cells. Furthermore, Hsp27 might also be involved in AD pathology by aggravating MT disruption by tau phosphorylation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of a critical dilution curve for nitrogen concentration in cotton
Authors: Xiaoping Xue , Jianguo Wang , Zhiwei Wang , Wenqi Guo , Zhiguo Zhou 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSeveral nitrogen (N)‐rate field experiments were carried out in cotton to define dilution curves for critical N concentrations in individual plants (i.e., the minimum N concentration required for maximum growth at any growth stage). Nitrogen application rate had a significant effect on aboveground dry matter, N accumulation, and N concentration. As expected, shoot N concentration in plants decreased during the growing period. These results support the concept of critical N concentration in shoot biomass of single plants as described by Lemaire et al. (2007) and reveal that a dilution curve for critical N concentrations in cotton plants can be described by a power equation. The pattern of critical–N concentration dilution curves was consistent across the two sites. Nitrogen concentration for a given biomass varied greatly with the supply of N. After initial flowering, the N‐nutrition index (NNI) for aboveground biomass of individual plants increased with increasing N rates. Relationships between plant total N uptake and accumulated dry matter in the aboveground biomass can be described by the allometric‐relation equations for each dose of N. Nitrogen‐dilution curves can be used as a tool for diagnosing the status of N in cotton from initial flowering to boll opening. The relationship can also be used in the parameterization and validation of growth models for predicting the N response and/or N requirement of cotton.
Excess nickel–induced changes in antioxidative processes in maize leaves
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Kumar Tewari Rajesh , Nand Sharma Parma 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L. cv. 777) plants grown in hydroponic culture were treated with 100 µM NiSO4 (moderate nickel (Ni) excess). In addition to growth parameters, metabolic parameters representative of antioxidant responses in leaves were assessed 24 h and 3, 7, and 14 d after initiating the Ni treatment. Extent of oxidative damage was measured as accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in leaves 7 and 14 d after treatment initiation. Apart from increasing membrane‐lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation, excess supply of Ni suppressed plant growth and dry mass of shoots but increased dry mass of roots and decreased the concentrations of chloroplastic pigments. Excess supply of Ni, though inhibited the catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity, increased peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) activities. Localization of isoforms of these enzymes (peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) on native gels also revealed increases in the intensities of pre‐existing bands. Enhanced activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, however, did not appear to be sufficient to ameliorate the effects of excessively generated reactive oxygen species due to excess supply of Ni.
Definition of normality of pressure‐flow parameters based on observations in asymptomatic men
Authors: Rosario Derek J. , Woo Henry H. , Chapple Christopher R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAimsClinical nomograms for differentiating obstructed from unobstructed voiding and poor detrusor contractility from normal contractility have traditionally been drawn on the basis of symptomatic response to outflow tract surgery or on urodynamic changes in men with LUTS before and after surgery. The aim of this study was to examine pressure‐flow parameters in asymptomatic male volunteers before age‐related changes in the lower urinary tract had taken place and to assess detrusor contractility and outflow conditions during physiological bladder filling against clinically used pressure‐flow nomograms.MethodsThirty‐seven healthy male subjects between the ages of 18 and 40 years volunteered to undergo AUM. A total of 66 fill‐void cycles in 25 individuals were evaluable.ResultsMean pdet·Qmax for the group was 53 ± 3 cmH2O with a mean Qmax of 24 ± 2 ml sec−1. URA of 21 cmH2O defined the upper border of normality for the outflow condition. Schäfer's OCO showed the most consistent relationship between estimated urethral pressure at minimal flow and true measured urethral closure pressure. From a clinical perspective, the linear nomograms (ICS and Schäfer) are more easily accessible with the ICS BOOI and obstruction index being the simplest to calculate manually. Minimal differences found between these urodynamic nomograms confirm the clinical value of recommending a single method to facilitate future comparisons between studies.ConclusionsAn upper limit of normality for the male outflow condition can be defined by an URA of 21 cmH2O, AGN of 40 cmH2O or OCO of 1. Results above these reference values should be considered abnormal in this age group and where identified in a different age‐group should be explained by physiological or pathophysiological events. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:388–394, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple constitutive model for cyclic compressive ratchetting deformation of polyteterafluoroethylene (PTFE) with stress rate effects
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Chen Xu , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPure polyteterafluoroethylene (PTFE) were prepared by using the process of cold pressure and sintering. A series of unaxial cyclic compression tests were carried out on solid cylindrical specimens of pure PTFE. The focus of study was to investigate time‐dependent ratchetting behavior of PTFE under cyclic loading. It is shown that the stress–strain hysteresis loops exhibit pronounced nonlinearity with high stress range. The cyclic hardening is rate and stress range dependent. However, mean stresses have less effect on cyclic hardening than stress ranges. It is shown that viscoelasticity is obvious in the beginning cycles. The same stress range produces almost the same viscoelastic delay at the beginning of the compression cycles. A modified universal ratchetting model (URM), which is rate dependent is employed to predict the ratchetting strain under compressive cyclic loading condition at room temperature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:29–36, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
An inverse estimation of initial temperature profile in a polymer process
Authors: Ranjbar Ali A. , Mirsadeghi Mohammad 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSince one of the most important parameter in polymer processing such as injection stretch blow molding is temperature distribution in the thickness direction, an inverse method has been applied to estimate this profile. This process comprises of four steps. In the first step the preform is injection molded, and in the second and third step it is stretched by a rod to its final length and then inflated and in the last step it is discharged from the mold. In such kind of polymer flows viscous dissipation plays a remarkable role in the evolution of temperature profile. Some theoretical temperature profile has been applied to confirm the validation of the inverse algorithm. Different solution techniques are applied in this article to the inverse problem under consideration, namely: the conjugate gradient and Levenberg–Marquardt method. After the preform is injection molded, which is the first step, it is removed from the mold, which corresponds to time t = 0. At this moment an infrared camera is used to record the surface temperature of the preform with a certain time step. With regard to variation of thermal properties with temperature, the inverse problem becomes nonlinear. These experimental data provided by the infrared camera are then used to estimate the temperature profile at the end of injection process before stretching and inflation took place. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:133–140, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Viscoelastic evaluation of effects of fiber size and composition on cellulose‐polypropylene composite of high filler content
Authors: Ito Hirokazu , Kumari Rashmi , Takatani Masahiro , Okamoto Tadashi , Hattori Hidehiro , Fujiyoshi Ippei 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe dispersion of filler in resin is an important factor which determines the mobility of a compound in a molder and also the mechanical properties of molded products in wood/plastic composite, especially with high wood filler content. In this report, the dispersion of components in the melt‐mixture of a compound in response to the size of cellulose filler and resin content was examined for compounds with a high content of cellulose in polypropylene by the evaluation of viscoelasticity using a cone rheometer, and the following conclusions were obtained: (1) The viscoelasticity measured by a cone rheometer was dependent on the dispersion state of the compound, and it was confirmed that the presented evaluation method of viscoelasticity affords information relevant to the dispersion state of filler in a compound; (2) On the basis of the viscoelastic evaluation of compounds with different resin contents, a model for the distribution of cellulose and resin is proposed in terms of the tangle of fibers; (3) Viscoelastic analysis showed that cellulose size has an influence on the tangle of fibers; (4) The results of viscoelasticity and mechanical properties of molded products suggested that an important factor determining the tangle of fibers is the average aspect ratio. The proposed analysis of viscoelasticity presents a simple technique for estimating the dispersion state of a compound with high filler content, which is hardly possible by conventional fluid evaluation methods. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:168–176, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Organic vapor permeation through natural rubber/poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) blend membranes
Authors: Anusree S. , Sujith A. , Radhakrishnan C.K. , Unnikrishnan G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNatural rubber/poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (NR/EVA) blend membranes, crosslinked with dicumyl peroxide, have been prepared and tested for vapor permeation characteristics. The effects of structure and morphology of the blend membranes on the permeability were investigated. The permeability was found to decrease with increase in EVA content which has been attributed to the semicrystalline nature of EVA. The permeation process has been observed to be controlled mainly by the molecular mass of the penetrants. In the case of benzene/acetone mixtures, it has been found that when acetone concentration increases the vapor permeation rate decreases. This clearly indicates less interaction of acetone towards NR/EVA membranes. For supporting all the observations, the parameters such as swelling coefficient and permeability coefficient have been calculated. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:198–202, 2008.© 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Electrochemical, ESR and quantum chemical study of 1‐substituted naphthalenes and their radical anions
Authors: Vasilieva N. V. , Irtegova I. G. , Vaganova T. A. , Shteingarts V. D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractElectrochemical reduction and oxidation of a series of 1‐substituted naphthalenes (1‐X‐naphthalenes) have been studied by the method of cyclic voltammetry (CV). The first reduction peak of the majority of these compounds corresponds to a one‐electron transfer to form the relatively stable radical anion (RA). For these species, ESR spectra have been registered and interpreted, the life time has been estimated. The first oxidation peaks of 1‐X‐naphthalenes are irreversible and correspond to a transfer of two or more electrons. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Photoswitchable Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Fölling Jonas , Polyakova Svetlana , Belov Vladimir , van Blaaderen Alfons , Bossi Mariano L. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe have designed and synthesized a new functional (amino reactive) highly efficient fluorescent molecular switch (FMS) with a photochromic diarylethene and a rhodamine fluorescent dye. The reactive group in this FMS ‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester‐ allows selective labeling of amino containing molecules or other materials. In ethanolic solutions, the compound displays a large fluorescent quantum yield of 52 % and a large fluorescence modulation ratio (94 %) between two states that may be interconverted with red and near‐UV light. Silica nanoparticles incorporating the new FMS were prepared and characterized, and their spectroscopic and switching properties were also studied. The dye retained its properties after the incorporation into the silica, thereby allowing light‐induced reversible high modulation of the fluorescence signal of a single particle for up to 60 cycles, before undergoing irreversible photobleaching. Some applications of these particles in fluorescence microscopy are also demonstrated. In particular, subdiffraction images of nanoparticles were obtained, in the focal plane of a confocal microscope.
Prediction of collapse—how realistic and practical is it, and what can we learn from it?
Authors: Krawinkler Helmut , Zareian Farzin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA methodology for computing the collapse capacity and collapse fragility curves for building structures is summarized. Specific results are presented for generic moment‐resisting frames and wall structures. The emphasis of the discussion is on the implication of collapse capacity estimates for the collapse safety of frame and wall systems designed according to present code requirements. It is found that the probability of collapse at the MCE (Maximum Credible Earthquake) level is very different for frame structures than for wall structures, and that for frame structures, the probability of collapse increases strongly with the fundamental period and attains unacceptable values for long‐period structures—unless a minimum base shear requirement is enforced that by far exceeds the base shear obtained from a uniform hazard design spectrum. The situation is very different for wall structures provided the predominant mode of deformation is flexure and not shear. Such wall structures exhibit a much smaller probability of collapse if the design is based on presently employed R‐factors. The upshot is that the R‐factor approach employed in present codes is inappropriate since it leads to designs with vastly different probabilities of collapse. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.