bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparative isolation of cyclolanostane‐type saponins from Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao by TLC‐MS/MS guided high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Han Quan Bin , Song Jing Zheng , Qiao Chun Feng , Wong Lina , Xu Hong Xi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTwo cyclolanostane‐type saponins, astragalosides I and II, were first identified by TLC‐MS/MS in the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus Bge var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao without chemical reference substances. They were then isolated by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography with a two‐step two‐phase solvent system of ethyl acetate‐2‐propanol–water (5:1:5, 50:1:50, v/v/v). The quantities of astragalosides I and II isolated from 1 g of the crude extract were 30.2 mg and 16.5 mg, respectively. Their purities were found to be over 95% by HPLC–ELSD analysis. Their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.
Corrosion knowledge management: An example of an interface for more efficient managerial communication
Authors: Javaherdashti R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCorrosion is a highly technical issue of which middle and top managers are not much aware. An important issue in establishing communication between highly technical corrosion engineers and less technical managers is a system by which expectations of both sides can be processed in a language understandable for the other party. “Corrosion knowledge management” is the first step in designing such communication means. This paper will discuss the required tools for such systematic approach.
Modelling reinforcement corrosion – usability of a factorial approach for modelling resistivity of concrete
Authors: Osterminski K. , Schießl P. , Volkwein A. , Mayer T. F. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAs part of the macro cell corrosion process of reinforcement steel, the resistivity of concrete plays a crucial role. In order to investigate the influence parameters on the resistivity of concrete, the results of a discrete quantification were presented and implemented into a factorial approach for modelling corrosion propagation. First results delivered significant deviations from values obtained by measuring. Using Gauss' method of least mean squares provided a decrease in deviations. The hereby obtained deviations were lower than the scatter of the measuring results. A usability of the proposed factorial approach could therefore be approved.
‘We're still the same people’: developing a mass media campaign to raise awareness and challenge the stigma of dementia
Authors: Devlin Elinor , MacAskill Susan , Stead Martine 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

A popular awareness‐ and fund‐raising vehicle for charities and non‐profit organisations is the annual ‘Day’ or ‘Week’ campaign. Such campaigns can be challenging because they often involve multiple, potentially competing objectives, not least the requirement to balance the needs of the general public with the those who already have, or are caring for someone with, a particular condition. This paper reports on formative research conducted in Scotland to inform the development of an awareness‐raising campaign on the issue of dementia, which had two key aims: to raise awareness of the condition among the general public, and to reduce the stigma associated with it. Social marketing consumer research was conducted with three key groups—the general public, carers and people with dementia‐to explore their beliefs and perceptions about dementia and their information needs. The research highlights the importance of providing realistic and credible images of people with dementia to the general public and the importance of avoiding instilling fear of the condition. Guidance for future awareness‐raising activity in this area is provided.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Escaping to the gallery’: understanding the motivations of visitors to galleries
Authors: Slater Alix 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Whilst market research and academic studies by sociologists have identified the personal and socio‐cultural factors that influence visits to galleries, there has been less attention to the area of motivational research. Understanding motivations is important as it reveals the underlying reasons why visitors choose to participate in specific leisure activities. This paper focuses on the motivations of two groups of visitors at events at an art gallery. A pre‐tested motivational scale built around three factors, learning, social/family interaction and Escapism explained 71.5% of variance. Escapism explained 29.4% of that variance and was the core motivation. The findings of the research are important to both academics and practitioners as previously learning was thought to be the main motivation. This study should be replicated in other settings to evaluate whether gallery and museum managers need to re‐consider the purpose, content and marketing of their programmes in a post‐modern society.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
hSNF5/INI1‐deficient tumours and rhabdoid tumours are convergent but not fully overlapping entities
Authors: Bourdeaut F , Fréneaux P , Thuille B , Lellouch‐Tubiana A , Nicolas A , Couturier J , Pierron G , Sainte‐Rose C , Bergeron C , Bouvier R , Rialland X , Laurence V , Michon J , Sastre‐Garau X , Delattre O 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRhabdoid tumours (RTs) are rare but highly aggressive tumours of childhood. Their rarity and their miscellaneous locations make the diagnosis particularly challenging for pathologists. Central nervous system and peripheral RTs have been associated with biallelic inactivation of the hSNF5/INI1/SMARCB1 (hSNF5/INI1) tumour suppressor gene. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a monoclonal anti‐hSNF5/INI1 antibody has recently been proposed as an efficient diagnostic tool for RTs. We have conducted a retrospective study of 55 tumours referred to our institution with a suspicion of RT. This analysis included pathological review, IHC with anti‐hSNF5/INI1 antibody, and molecular investigation using quantitative DNA fluorescent analysis and sequencing of the nine exons of hSNF5/INI1. The molecular lesion could be detected in 37 of the 39 cases exhibiting negative staining for hSNF5/INI1. In the two discrepant cases, the lack of detection of genetic abnormality was probably owing to the presence of a high number of non‐tumour cells in the samples. This indicates that hSNF5/INI1 IHC is very sensitive and highly specific for the detection of hSNF5/INI1 loss‐of‐function. Among the 38 cases with typical RT histological features, six failed to exhibit hSNF5/INI1 mutation and stained positive for hSNF5/INI1. This strongly supports the evidence of a second genetic locus, distinct from hSNF5/INI1, associated with RT. Conversely, seven tumours with histological features poorly compatible with RT stained negative for hSNF5/INI1; they nevertheless exhibited an age of onset and a clinical behaviour similar to RT. This suggests that hSNF5/INI1 inactivation is not strictly limited to typical RT but characterizes a wider family of hSNF5/INI1‐deficient tumours. Consequently, we believe that anti‐hSNF5/INI1 IHC should be performed widely, even when the pathological characteristics are not typical. The molecular investigation should be performed in infants when a rhabdoid predisposition syndrome is suspected. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary and secondary prevention of behavior difficulties: Developing a data‐informed problem‐solving model to guide decision making at a school‐wide level
Authors: Ervin Ruth A. , Schaughency Elizabeth , Matthews Amy , Goodman Steven D. , McGlinchey Margaret T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article focuses on the development and implementation of primary and secondary behavior supports at a schoolwide level. The approach described is consistent with previous efforts to address behavior at a systems level (e.g., G. Sugai, R.H. Horner, & F.M. Gresham, 2002). In this article, we illustrate this process through a school‐based example. This example is drawn from a larger project in which area regional school‐district consultants and university researchers partnered with four elementary schools in an effort to enhance each school's capacity to implement evidence‐based practice and decisions at primary (i.e., universal or school‐wide), secondary (i.e., targeted efforts for selected groups of students and/or settings), and tertiary (i.e., individual‐student) levels to promote behavioral competence. The project incorporated promising strategies and tools designed to promote and sustain the use of evidence‐based practices and data‐driven problem solving. Continuous progress monitoring of systemic variables and student behavioral outcomes (e.g., office‐referral data) helped to guide systemic reform efforts. Reductions were noted in the number of student discipline problems, and improvements were noted in critical features of school‐wide effective behavior support at a systems level. Results are discussed with an emphasis on implications for practice, lessons learned from this project, and directions for additional research. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 7–18, 2007.
Applied behavior analysis: Beyond discrete trial teaching
Authors: Steege Mark W. , Mace F. Charles , Perry Lora , Longenecker Harold 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe discuss the problem of autism‐specific special education programs representing themselves as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) programs when the only ABA intervention employed is Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT), and often for limited portions of the school day. Although DTT has many advantages to recommend its use, it is not well suited to teach the full range of cognitive, social, academic, leisure, and functional living skills children with autism and related disorders need to develop and generalize to varied natural environments. DTT also does not address the treatment of behaviors that can interfere with instruction and the acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of skills many children with autism bring to instructional situations. We describe a comprehensive program of ABA services for children with autism and briefly discuss the various interventions and their applications and combinations to achieve broad improvement in many different skill areas. In our view, “true” ABA programs are comprised of multiple assessment and intervention methods used individually and dynamically to achieve the best results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 91–99, 2007.
The wraparound approach for students with emotional and behavioral disorders: Opportunities for school psychologists
Authors: Quinn Kevin P. , Lee Virginia 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStudents with significant emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) present school personnel with complex challenges. For those students who present especially pervasive and chronic challenges, the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) has recommended comprehensive assessments and interventions that empower families and involve close collaboration with community‐based service providers. In recent years, wraparound has emerged as one approach to collaboratively developing interventions that are both family focused and ecologically comprehensive. As such, the approach is consonant with the mental health roles widely advocated for school psychologists in the professional literature. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the need for the wraparound approach and its theoretical foundations. We then detail the principles on which the approach is grounded and the specific procedures through which it comes to fruition. Finally, we discuss implications of the approach for school psychologists. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 101–111, 2007.
Promoting behavioral competence in schools: A commentary on exemplary practices
Authors: Sugai George 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe articles in this special Practitioner's Edition of Psychology in the Schools share the application of sound educational and behavioral practices in real school and classroom contexts. Given this emphasis in these articles on the applied use of behavioral practices, the purpose of this brief commentary is to highlight and comment on some of the “big ideas” that link these practitioner‐focused articles. Specifically, three main questions are addressed: (a) Where did the “triangle” come from? (b) Why are schools increasing their use of local data to guide decision making? (c) What is school‐wide positive behavior support? © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 113–118, 2007.
NanoLC‐FT‐ICR MS improves proteome coverage attainable for ∼3000 laser‐microdissected breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Umar Arzu , Luider Theo M. , Foekens John A. , Paša‐Tolić Ljiljana 
Published: December 2006

AbstractProteomics assays hold great promise for unraveling molecular events that underlie human diseases. Effective analysis of clinical samples is essential, but this task is considerably complicated by tissue heterogeneity. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) can be used to selectively isolate target cells from their native tissue environment. However, the small number of cells that is typically procured by LCM severely limits proteome coverage and biomarker discovery potential achievable by conventional proteomics platforms. Herein, we describe the use of nanoLC‐FT‐ICR MS for analyzing protein digests of ˜3000 LCM‐derived tumor cells from breast carcinoma tissue, corresponding to ˜300 ng of total protein. A total of 2282 peptides were identified by matching LC‐MS data to accurate mass and time (AMT) tag databases that were previously established for human breast (cancer) cell lines. One thousand and three unique proteins were confidently identified with two or more peptides. Based on gene ontology categorization, identified proteins appear to cover a wide variety of biological functions and cellular compartments. This work demonstrates that a substantial number of proteins can be detected and identified from limited number of cells using the AMT tag approach, and opens doors for high‐throughput in‐depth proteomics analysis of clinical samples.
Acute phase serum amyloid A in ovarian cancer as an important component of proteome diagnostic profiling
Authors: Moshkovskii Sergei A. , Vlasova Maria A. , Pyatnitskiy Mikhail A. , Tikhonova Olga V. , Safarova Metanat R. , Makarov Oleg V. , Archakov Alexander I. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn the context of serum amyloid A (SAA) identification as ovarian cancer marker derived by SELDI‐MS, its serum levels were measured by immunoassay in different stages of ovarian cancer, in benign gynecological tumors, and in healthy controls. In addition, SELDI‐TOF‐MS spectra were obtained by protocol optimized for the SAA peak intensity. SELDI data on small proteins (5.5–17.5 kDa) and SAA immunoassay data were combined with cancer antigen (CA)125 data in order to study the classification accuracy between cancer and noncancer by support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression, and top scoring pair classifiers. Although an addition of SAA immunoassay data to CA125 data did not significantly improve cancer/noncancer discrimination, SVM applied to combined biomarker data (CA125 and SAA immunoassay variables plus 48 SELDI peak variables) yielded the best classification rate (accuracy 95.2% vs. 86.2% for CA125 alone). Notably, most of discriminatory peaks selected by the classifiers have significant correlation with the major known peaks of SAA (11.7 kDa) and transthyretin (13.9 kDa). Acute phase serum amyloid A (A‐SAA) was proved to be an important member of cancer discriminatory protein profile. Among the eight known ovarian cancer SELDI profile components, A‐SAA is the most relevant to molecular pathogenesis of cancer and it has the highest degree of up‐regulation in disease.
Able to come and go: reproducing gender in female rural–urban migration in the Red River Delta
Authors: Resurreccion Bernadette P. , Van Khanh Ha Thi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBy examining household gender relations between migrant women and their left‐behind husbands, we aim to understand how gender shapes rural–urban migration and is being negotiated in the context of market‐driven rural transformations in the Red River Delta. In this study, rural women ensure the survival of their households as they link up with urban informal labour markets, moving to the city to work as junk collectors and buyers. Female migration destabilises conventional gender roles as left‐behind husbands take up social reproductive work that is partially relieved by wives' frequent home visits. Additionally, invoking women's traditional obligations, left‐behind husbands continue to ‘feel like men’, underscoring the resilience of conventional gendered norms on work, even where men actually take up women's work in their wives' absence. The article argues for a more nuanced understanding of this resilience premised on the principles of structured agency, suggesting that actors may actively reproduce gendered notions of work in order to cope with changing spatial arrangements of household livelihood strategies brought about by political economic pressures and opportunities in rural and urban Vietnam. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiproliferative effect on human cancer cell lines after treatment with nimbolide extracted from an edible part of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica)
Authors: Roy Molay Kumar , Kobori Masuko , Takenaka Makiko , Nakahara Kazuhiko , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Isobe Seiichiro , Tsushida Tojiro 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNimbolide, a triterpenoid extracted from the flowers of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), was found to have antiproliferative activity against some cancer cell lines. Treatment of cells with 0.5–5.0 μm concentrations of nimbolide resulted in moderate to very strong growth inhibition in U937, HL‐60, THP1 and B16 cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis of U937 cells showed that nimbolide treatment (1–2.5 μm) resulted in cell cycle disruption by decreasing the number of cells in G0/G1 phase, with initial increases in S and G2/M phases. Cells exposed to a higher dose of nimbolide for a longer period displayed a severely damaged DNA profile, resulting in a remarkable increase in the number of cells in the sub‐G1 fraction, with a reciprocal decrease of cells in all phases. Quantification of the expression of phosphatidylserine in the outer cell membrane showed that doses of nimbolide higher than 0.4 μm exerted remarkable lethality, with over 60% of cells exhibiting apoptotic features after exposure to 1.2 μm nimbolide. The antiproliferative effect of nimbolide and its apoptosis‐inducing property raise hope for its use in anticancer therapy by enhancing the effectiveness of cell cycle disruption. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New class of Non‐Kekulé radical polymethines: Theoretical study
Authors: Tyutyulkov N. , Drebov N. , Staykov A. , Tadjer A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA new class of open‐shell polymethine monoradicals, possessing nonbonding molecular orbitals (NBMO) and very low excitation energies, was investigated theoretically. The radicals are derivatives of the stable 2‐azaphenalenyl radical. Since in the ground state the NBMO is strictly localized within a molecular fragment, the electron transitions are connected with a substantial charge‐transfer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Molecular modeling of some calcium and magnesium ionic bridges
Authors: Careja Valentin , Muntean Simona , Mracec Mircea , Sayti Ludovic , Simon Zeno 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBond length and atomic charges are calculated for L2M and L2M2+ complexes, as well as dissociation energies in vacuum for the complexes, with semiempiric ZINDO1 and PM3 methods, and with ab initio method with 3‐21G and 6‐31G* basis sets. Here, L are CH3COO−, CH3OSO, ethylenediol and 1,4‐dioxane; M2+ are Ca2+ and Mg2+. Geometries for CH3COO− and 1,4‐dioxane are in fair agreement with X‐ray crystallographic data. Dissociation energies calculated by ab initio, are in the range of 200–500 kcal/mol, generally larger for Mg2+ then for Ca2+‐complexes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
A sliding mode control approach for systems subjected to a norm‐bounded uncertainty
Authors: Sellami Anis , Arzelier Denis , M'hiri Radhi , Zrida Jalel 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a design approach of continuous sliding mode control of uncertain systems, the uncertainty being norm bounded. The two steps of the design methodology are investigated. The existence step, in which we choose the sliding surface that gives good behaviour during the sliding mode, is formulated as a pole assignment of linear uncertain system in a sector through convex optimization. The solution to this problem is therefore numerically tractable via linear matrix inequalities (LMI) optimization. In the reaching step, we propose a continuous nonlinear control strategy ensuring a bounded motion about the ideal sliding mode, thus approximating the ideal dynamic behaviour in the presence of uncertainty. Finally, the validity and the applicability of this approach are illustrated by a flight stabilization benchmark example. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A control‐theoretic perspective on the design of distributed agreement protocols
Authors: Roy Sandip , Saberi Ali , Herlugson Kristin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe present a control‐theoretic perspective on the design of distributed agreement protocols. First, we explore agreement‐protocol analysis and design for a network of agents with single‐integrator dynamics and arbitrary linear observations. One key contribution of our work is the analysis of protocols for networks with quite general observation topologies, including with multiple observations made by each agent. Another contribution is the development of techniques for agreement law design—i.e. for assignment of the dependence of the agreed‐upon value on the initial states of the agents. Second, we explore agreement in a quasi‐linear model with a stochastic protocol, which we call the controlled voter model. We motivate our study of this model, develop tests for whether agreement is achieved, and consider design of the agreement law. Third, we expose one application of agreement law design, to distributed maximuma posterioriprobability (MAP) decision making and hidden Markov model (HMM) estimation. Finally, we provide some further thoughts regarding our control‐theoretic perspective on agreement, including ideas for fault‐tolerant protocol design using our approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shortest‐path metric approximation for random subgraphs
Authors: Vondrák Jan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe consider graph optimization problems where the cost of a solution depends only on the shortest‐path metric in the graph, such as Steiner Tree or Traveling Salesman. We study a scenario where such a problem needs to be solved repeatedly on random subgraphs of a given graph G. With the goal of speeding up the repeated queries and saving space, we describe the construction of a sparse subgraph Q ⊂ G, which contains approximately an optimal solution for any such problem on a random subgraph of G, with high probability. More precisely, the subgraph Q has the property that after some vertices or edges are removed randomly, Q still contains c‐approximate shortest paths between all pairs of vertices with high probability. The number of edges in Q is O(p−cn1+2/c log n) for edge‐induced random subgraphs and O(p−2cn1+2/c log 2n) for vertex‐induced random subgraphs, where n is the number of vertices in G, p the sampling probability of edges/vertices, and c ∈ ℤ, c ≥ 3 is the desired approximation factor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007