bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CTWS: A Crowd-Powered Framework for Scheduling Decomposable Complex-Tasks
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Pandey Sarvesh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A crowdsourcing framework involves a pool of workers competing to solve a distributed task posted by a requester on a crowdsourcing platform. Each worker divides a decomposable task (i.e., a complex distributed task) into multiple subtasks, considering their uniqueness, and shares such decomposition with the platform. It is challenging for a requester to map an optimal worker set with a decomposable task, ensuring a cost-effective solution. We present the Complex-Task Worker-Set (CTWS) method to address this challenge. The algorithm optimizes the solution cost of a decomposable task and reduces the computation time of selecting different workers. This paper discusses a model integrated with CTWS of a crowdsourcing environment where workers and requester(s) work together through the crowdsourcing platform. We use an aging technique, which plays a crucial role in tie-break when an ambiguity arises to select the best path among a set of solution paths. Thereafter, the optimized solution is provided to the requesters based on the requester's constraints and requirements. The results confirm the effectiveness of the CTWS against the state-of-the-art.
First-principles and deep learning frameworks to predict the electronic and magnetic properties of V-doped SiC nanotube
Authors: Roy Debarati , Guluzade Sevinj , Jafarova Vusala 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Local Spin Density Approximation (LDA) methods within Hubbard U corrections have been theoretically studied electronic and magnetic properties of single wall silicon carbide nanotube doped by vanadium. These properties were simulated for cases that single or double silicon atoms of the SiC nanotube replaced with V atoms. Using Deep Learning (DL) Algorithms are the boon to provide prediction of quantum-confined electronic structure calculations, however first-principles simulation methods more accurate. ML based regression model shows the accuracy and prediction model for the quantum-confined nanotube. Among the various neural network algorithms, tri-layered and medium neural netwok algorithms provide more accuracy and less error rate for this molecular nanotube. The comparison between ML based approach and DFT based procedure reveals the similarity and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The first-principles calculated energy spin-up and spin-down band gap values for single wall chiral (6,0) SiC:V nanotube systems are about of 0.6 and 1.4 eV, respectively. Although the undoped SiC system is a nonmagnetic, the V-doped SiC nanotube induces magnetism and total magnetic moment of this magnetic material equal to ~ 1.001 µB. Density of states calculations indicated that the magnetization of SiC:V single wall nanotube mainly come from the 2p orbitals of carbon atoms and 3d orbitals of V dopant. From the total energy calculations for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases for V-doped SiCNT systems obtained that the ferromagnetic phase more stable.
Expression profiling, biochemical and histochemical analysis of contrasting cultivars provide insight into resistance against white rust disease (Albugo candida) in Brassica juncea L
Authors: Rai Prajwal , Prasad Lakshman , Mehta Samridhi , Yadav Prashant , Sharma Anubhuti , Mishra Deep Narayan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
White rust disease caused by the biotrophic oomycete Albugo candida is one of the most serious impediments in realizing the production potential of Brassica juncea. Moreover, due to the obligate nature of the pathogen, R-gene-based resistance is unstable as the newer virulent races emerge quickly. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of resistance is essential for developing durable resistant varieties. In this study, we selected susceptible cultivar, ‘Pusa Jaikisan’ and its single R-gene-based resistant NIL, ‘Pusa Jaikisan WRR’ for elucidating the defense mechanism in B. juncea against A. candida.
Results
Comparative histochemical analysis at 12 dpi showed higher callose deposition in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible cultivar which hints towards its possible role in defense mechanism. Based on the biochemical markers observation, total protein was found to have a negative correlation with the resistance. The antioxidant enzymes (POX, CAT, and SOD) and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging compounds such as polyphenols and proline showed a positive correlation with the white rust resistance. The PPO, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids were also found to show higher activity in the ‘Pusa Jaikisan WRR’. According to the heat map analysis, PAL was identified to be the most induced enzyme involved in the defense mechanism. Furthermore, the expression analyses of defense related markers such as salicylic acid (SA) associated PR protein genes (PR1 and PR2) and jasmonic acid (JA) associated PR protein genes (PR3 and PR12) were done by qRT-PCR. Based on the results, PR2 emerged as the best possible gene for defense against A. candida followed by PR1. PR3 and PR12 also showed positive correlation with the disease resistance which may be due to the JA pathway acting complementary to the SA pathway, thus indicating a synergistic JA-SA hormonal crosstalk in case of B. juncea-A. candida interaction.
Conclusion
The present study establishes a major role of simulated response of the defense molecules which can stop the disease progression thus incurring resistance. This may be used in the future for developing resistance against the biotrophic pathogen especially A. candida in B. juncea.
Preparation and Electrochemical Stabilities Study of Graphene/Polyaniline Composites with Polylactic Acid as Biodegradable Adhesive
Authors: Liang Huimin , Lin Tong , Li Jianzhong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) is a hot research topic in pseudocapacitor electrode materials due to its advantages of low preparation cost and high specific capacitance. In this work, PANI and graphene/polyaniline composites (Gr/PANI) were prepared by in-situ chemical polymerization. Biodegradable polymer polylactic acid (PLA), as adhensive of electrode material for supercapacitor was used to replace the traditional adhensive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The morphology and structure of the materials were characterized by SEM and FTIR. Electrochemical behavior was performed by galvanostrotic charge-discharge (GCD), cyclic voltamphe (CV). Results showed PANI compounded with 50 mg graphene (P-50) exhibit excellent electrochemical behavior. The specific capacitance of P-50/PVDF (348.1 F/g at current density of 0.5 A/g) was 27.8% higher than that of undoped PANI. The specific capacitance maintance of P-50/PLA (71.1% content) was 14.4% less than that of P-50/PVDF (85.5%) after 500 number cycles. In addition, the influence of PLA degradation of 90 days on the electrochemical performance of electrode material was studied. Results showed that the specific capacitance at 1 A/g current density decreased from 232.2 F/g to 166.8 F/g after 90 days, compared with that with PVDF from 303 F/g to 274 F/g, The reduction was 18.5%, and it revealed that the PLA may be used in energy storage devices as degradable adhesive.
Triple oxygen isotope evidence for the pathway of nitrous oxide production in a forested soil with increased emission on rainy days
Authors: Ding Weitian , Tsunogai Urumu , Sambuichi Takashi , Ruan Wenhua , Ito Masanori , Xu Hao , Kim Yongwon , Nakagawa Fumiko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Continuous increases in atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O) are a global concern. Both nitrification and denitrification are major pathways of N2O production in soil, which is one of the most important sources of tropospheric N2O. The 17O excess (Δ17O) of N2O can be a promising tracer for identifying the main pathway of N2O production in soil. However, reports on Δ17O values are limited. Thus, we determined temporal variations in the Δ17O of N2O emitted from forested soil for more than one year and that of soil nitrite (NO2−), which is a possible source of O atoms in N2O. We found that N2O emitted from the soil exhibited significantly higher Δ17O values on rainy days (+0.12±0.13 ‰) than on fine days (−0.30±0.09 ‰) and that the emission flux of N2O was significantly higher on rainy days (38.8±28.0 μg N m−2 h−1) than on fine days (3.8±3.1 μg N m−2 h−1). Because the Δ17O values of N2O emitted on rainy and fine days were close to those of soil NO2− (+0.23±0.12 ‰) and O2 (−0.44 ‰), we concluded that although nitrification was the main pathway of N2O production in the soil on fine days, denitrification became active on rainy days, resulting in a significant increase in the emission flux of N2O. This study reveals that the main pathway of N2O production can be identified by precisely determining the Δ17O values of N2O emission from soil and by comparing the Δ17O values with those of NO2−, O2, and H2O in the soil.
Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones and Artificial Recharge Structures Using Rmote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Bichhiya River Basin, India
Authors: Tiwari Rabindra Nath , Tiwari Pushpendra , Mishra Ashish Kumar , Kushwaha Vikash Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Water plays a crucial role in the functioning of modern, developed and developing society, is essential for sustenance of life. Proper water resource management and protection are brought difficulties by population increase, rising demand on water and land resources due to competitive consumption, and degradation of restricted water resources in many regions of the world. Besides adequate rainfall, the study area experiences a water shortage for drinking and irrigation throughout the summer months. To address these issue groundwater potential zones of the study area has been carried out. Groundwater potential zones are delineated using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). The purpose of study was to delineate groundwater potential zones in Bichhiya river sub basin, Central India and to find the relevant aspects that influence the availability of groundwater resources. The study examined the impact of seven factors on groundwater recharge, including geology, geomorphology, land use and land cover, lineament density, drainage density, slope, and soil type. Spatially distributed maps/thematic layers of all the aforementioned criteria were constructed in a GIS context utilizing both remotely sensed and ground truth data. The weights and characteristics of the thematic layers were then normalized using the AHP approach. Groundwater potential zones are delineated and interpreted according to appropriate assigned weights; the zones are divided into high (29.25%), moderate (55.80%) and low (14.94%) groundwater potential zones. The results reflect that geospatial approaches may be important tools for planning and managing surface and subsurface water resources. The outcome of the research work is validated by randomly picking 50 dug wells from the study area using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) value of the data comes 0.821 indicating better accuracy of the result. These findings will help researchers and stakeholders to locate appropriate locations with the potential for groundwater. To manage groundwater resources, numerous artificial recharge structures are proposed. Overall, the results show that remote sensing and GIS have the potential to be significant tools for better planning and management of the water resources of the area. This is a reliable strategy for investigating groundwater resources in inaccessible places which might be used to manage groundwater resources more effectively.
Study of the radiological evaluation of corona and its complications in Damascus Hospital (Al-Mujtahid)
Authors: Arok Osama , Okasha Mohammad , khattab Khalid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Computed tomography plays an important role in diagnosing and following up cases of COVID-19 infection and its complications, as current guidelines indicate the use of high-resolution computed tomography in patients with COVID-19 thanks to its high accuracy in detecting lung changes in viral pneumonia, and to rule out other causes. For pneumonia.
Methods and Materials:
A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Damascus Hospital (Al-Mujtahid), by referring to the records and files of Corona patients admitted to the hospital during the peak of the first Corona infection in the Syrian Arab Republic during a period of 5 months from the first month of 2020 AD until the fifth month in The second peak in 2021 AD, from month 5 to month 8. The study included 225 patients out of 286 patients who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria.
Results
The percentage of infiltrates on plain chest CT, segmental infiltrates, and hemipectoral shadow were 8.7%, 26.2%, and 2.09%, respectively. Radiological signs on CT in our study: ground glass densities in 95%, pulmonary condensation syndrome in 86%. Tile sign 75%, pulmonary caverns 5%, pulmonary nodules forming in the center of the lobule 7%, tree bud view 9%, thickening of interlobular occlusions 16%, perilobular densities 25%, reticular infiltrates 16%, phlegmon nodular hyperplasia 20%, pleural effusion 3%.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed human routines and the healthcare sector, and it is essential for radiologists to be aware of the basic clinical and radiological aspects of COVID-19.
Implementation and comparison of two exemplary algorithms for stressbiased topology optimization
Authors: Kowalski Damian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The topology optimization of isotropic mechanical systems made of homogeneous materials is of constant interest to scientists worldwide. However, owing to the complexity of this issue, the optimization of nonhomogeneous (composite) systems is slightly less popular. The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of two such representative methods and their implementation in MATLAB. In addition, these methods have been modified to accelerate the convergence of calculations and achieve convergence. Some modifications were also made to reduce the number of input parameters. Finally, both implementations are compared on the basis of several practical application examples, and conclusions are drawn from the analysis. The analysis showed that first method, although simple, is not useful in many practical problems because the rejection of mixed finite elements (i.e. elements with principal stresses of opposite signs) often prevents obtaining convergence. Method two, on the other hand, proved to be robust and easily adjustable for obtaining optimal topologies.
Spatial analysis of dynamic groundwater potential maps of Nagpur district of Maharashtra using the AHP and RS-GIS tools
Authors: Verma Rakesh K. , Mirajkar Aswini B. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Identification of groundwater potential (GWP) is essential for groundwater management. Recently some areas of Nagpur district have faced water scarcity with severe groundwater level fluctuation (GWLF). The study incorporates the dynamic behaviour of rainfall, land use/cover, fractional impervious surface (FIS), and GWLF from 2017 to 2022 along with topographical wetness index (TWI), topographical ruggedness index (TRI), lineament density, drainage density, slope, soil, and geomorphology. The study employs the geographical information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria decision-making approach, analytical hierarchy process, and remote sensing for spatiotemporal GWP mapping. The weighted overlay tool of ArcGIS 10.5 was used to derive final GWP maps. Critically, the northwestern part of the study area experienced major shifts in GWP, 448 km2 area has increased under the poor GWP category representing a decline in recharge probability. The safe GWP category diminished by nearly 531 km2 which exacerbates the problem whereas, high GWP showed very less changes. The most sensitive parameters are identified using an area-sensitivity approach, which reveals that TRI, slope, soil, geomorphology, rainfall, and TWI cause 35, 29, 20, 19, 11, and 11% area changes, respectively, while maximizing their weights. The validation of GWP maps shows good agreement with pre- and post-monsoon well data. The methodology and results may serve for GWP appraisal of similar regions.
Research on the connectivity of urban river network–wetland and water quality simulation
Authors: Liu Tuantuan , Jia Peng , Hu Chao , Zhang Beibei , Zhang Aiming 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The connectivity of urban river networks plays an important role in cities in many aspects, such as urban water safety, water quality (WQ), and aquatic ecological balance. This study focuses on the river network and the Majiawan Wetland in the Chaoyang District of Beijing by establishing a two-dimensional hydrological WQ model employing various water allocation schemes between the river network and the wetland. Water circulation and WQ are the main indexes, and the effects of different scenarios on improving water circulation and WQ are simulated and compared. This study demonstrates that the addition of water replenishment at the intersection of river network and internal slow-water zones of the wetland (Scheme 2) has greater effectiveness in improving both hydrology and WQ compared to two other schemes. The water area of the Majiawan Wetland has expanded, and water velocity has increased. Using chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus as the index values for determining the water class, the WQ of about 20% of the wetland area was reached Water Class II (domestic drinking water), with Water Class III (general industrial water) accounting for the other 80%. This study provides valuable evaluation and reference for similar areas of urban river network connectivity.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Beraksurf and Curosurf Exogenous Surfactants in the Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Neonates: A Double-blind Randomized Study in the West of Iran
Authors: Eghbalian Fatemeh , Basiri Behnaz , Hatami Behnaz , Parsa Narges Mohammadi , Jenabi Ensiyeh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
To date, few studies have compared the effectiveness of exogenous surfactant
therapy with Curosurf and Beraksurf in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
in preterm neonates.

Objective:
Since surfactant has a significant impact on the treatment of neonates with RDS, this
study was conducted to introduce a more effective method for treating preterm neonates with
RDS.

Methods:
The present clinical trial was conducted on 140 preterm neonates with RDS in the
NICU department of two specialized university hospitals in Hamadan, western Iran. In one group,
we used the Iranian-made surfactant Beraksurf, and in another group, we used the Italian-made
surfactant Curosurf. In the end, the checklist for the two groups was completed. Data analysis was
performed using SPSS version 22, and a significance level of 5% was considered for all tests.

Results:
The comparison of the frequency distribution of maternal corticosteroid administration,
response to treatment and need for re-intubation, associated disorders, and mortality among neonates
of the two groups of Beracsurf and Curosurf surfactant did not show a significant difference
(p=0.962, 0.763, 0.725 and 0.149, respectively). Further, the comparison of the mean number of
days requiring respiratory support, days free from respiratory support, and hospitalization days
among neonates of the two groups of Beracsurf and Curosurf surfactant injection did not show a
significant difference (p=0.910, 0.725, and 0.898, respectively). Additionally, the comparison of
the time of initiation of feeding and the time of reaching maximum feeding among neonates of the
two groups of Beracsurf and Curosurf surfactant injection also did not show significant differences
(p=0.881 and 0.903, respectively).

Conclusion:
Based on the fact that Beracsurf and Curosurf surfactants did not show significant differences
in the treatment outcomes of RDS in preterm neonates, it is suggested that the Iranianmade
surfactant, Beracsurf, should be used for the treatment of these neonates due to its cost-effectiveness
and availability compared to Curosurf.
Review on Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Managing Cardiovascular
Disease
Authors: Narkhede Minal , Pardeshi Avinash , Bhagat Rahul , Dharme Gajanan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a foremost global health concern, necessitating
ongoing exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. This review surveys the latest developments
in cardiovascular therapeutics, offering a comprehensive overview of emerging approaches
poised to transform disease management. The examination begins by elucidating the
current epidemiological landscape of CVD and the economic challenges it poses to healthcare
systems. It proceeds to scrutinize the limitations of traditional therapies, emphasizing the need
for progressive interventions.

:
The core focus is on novel pharmacological interventions, including advancements in drug development,
targeted therapies, and repurposing existing medications. The burgeoning field of
gene therapy and its potential in addressing genetic predispositions to cardiovascular disorders
are explored, alongside the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in risk assessment
and treatment optimization.

:
Non-pharmacological interventions take center stage, with an exploration of digital health technologies,
wearable devices, and telemedicine as transformative tools in CVD management. Regenerative
medicine and stem cell therapies, offering promises of tissue repair and functional recovery,
are investigated for their potential impact on cardiac health.

:
This review also delves into the interplay of lifestyle modifications, diet, exercise, and behavioral
changes, emphasizing their pivotal role in cardiovascular health and disease prevention. As
precision medicine gains prominence, this synthesis of emerging therapeutic modalities aims to
guide clinicians and researchers in navigating the dynamic landscape of cardiovascular disease
management, fostering a collective effort to alleviate the global burden of CVD and promote a
healthier future.