bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial population dynamics on Golden Delicious apples from bud to harvest and effect of fungicide applications
Authors: TEIXIDÓ N. , USALL J. , MAGAN N. , VIÑAS I. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe microbial population dynamics on apples cv. Golden Delicious were analysed every 15 days between bud and harvest in a fully replicated experiment in northern Spain in 1994 and 1995. The total microbial populations varied with developmental stage, and with prevailing climatic conditions. The predominant mycroflora were the filamentous fungiCladosporiumandAlternariaspp. and white and pink yeasts. Other genera isolated included mainly species ofEpicoccum, FusariumandAcremonium.However, the most important post‐harvest pathogensPenicillium expansumandBotrytis cinereawere seldom isolated from ripening apples. Maximum total filamentous fungal populations occurred after fruit set and during early ripening [2 × 104cfu (colony‐forming units) g‐1approximately] while those of bacteria were maximum at bud stage (3.5 × 105and 3.0 × 104cfu g‐1in 1994 and 1995 respectively). White yeasts were more numerous than pink yeasts. Endophytic infection of apple buds byAlternariaspp., responsible for core rot, was found in almost all bud tissue. By contrast,Cladosporiumspp. were initially isolated later from 12.5–50% of tissue samples during blooming and fruit set. The impact of a four‐spray fungicide regime during apple development significantly decreased the total filamentous fungal populations in both years, and that ofCladosporiumspp. in 1994. However, bacterial populations were often higher on apples from fungicide‐treated plots. Fungicide sprays decreased populations ofCladosporium, Alternariaand white yeasts for a maximum of up to 15–30 days after application. Fungicide application had little effect on endophytic infection of apples byAlternariaspp. between bud and harvest.
The response ofCuscuta planifloraseedlings to red and far‐red, blue light and end‐of‐day irradiations
Authors: HAIDAR M A , ORR G L 
Published: February 2008

SummaryIrradiation of excised stem segments from de‐etiolated seedlingsof Cuscuta planiflorafor 24 h with mixtures of red and far‐red light with red to far‐red ratios between 0.02 to 1.0 enhanced coiling and formation of prehaustoria. Maximum number of prehaustoria were recorded when red:far‐red was near 0.1. Coiling and prehaustoria were observed whenever estimatedin vivoPfr/Ptotal at photoequilibrium was between 0.06 and 0.67. Irradiation of excised stem segments from white light grown seedlings with 12 h blue light also promoted coiling and prehaustoria formation after another 38 h in darkness. Coiling and prehaustoria were not observed in segments pulsed with 10 min red light at the end of 12 h in blue light. Coiling and prehaustoria were observed after photoreversible end‐of‐day far‐red/red/far‐red pulses but not after red/far‐red/red pulses. A far‐red pulse may not reverse inhibition by end‐of‐day red pulse when far‐red is given more than 12 h after the red pulse.
Use of resistant and susceptible potato cultivars in the trap cropping of potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis
Authors: HALFORD P D , RUSSELL M D , EVANS K. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe effects of planting date and growing period of potato cultivars on their efficiency as trap crops for potato cyst nematodes (PCN) were studied. Plots were planted with susceptible or resistant cultivars in April, June and August and these were grown for 5, 6 or 7 wk before removal of the plants by hand lifting. Crops planted in June provided the best overall reductions in PCN population density of up to 95%, with cv. Santé significantly more effective than the other cultivars. Population reductions from the August planting were only slightly less than from planting in June but the tuber yields obtained were much greater: Maris Piper and Maris Bard produced 16.4 and 21.4 t ha‐1 respectively, with 37% and 43% respectively, of a size useful for canning (i.e. between 20 and 40 mm diameter).
Radial velocity study of the chemically peculiar star ε Ursae Majoris
Authors: Sokolov N. A. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
In this Letter, the radial velocity variability of the chemically peculiar star ε Ursae Majoris (ε UMa) from the sharp cores of the hydrogen lines is investigated. This study is based on the ELODIE archival data obtained at different phases of the rotational cycle. The star exhibits low-amplitude radial velocity variations with a period of P = 5.0887 d. The best Keplerian solution yields an eccentricity e = 0.503 and a minimum mass of ∼14.7MJup based on the hypothesis that the rotational axis of ε UMa is perpendicular to the orbital plane. This result indicates that the companion is the brown dwarf with the projected semi-amplitude variation in the radial velocity K2 = 135.9 km s−1 and the sine of inclination time semimajor axis a2 sin (i) = 0.055 au.
Detecting early galaxies through their 21-cm signature
Authors: Naoz Smadar , Barkana Rennan 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
New observations over the next few years of the emission of distant objects will help unfold the chapter in cosmic history around the era of the first galaxies. These observations will use the neutral hydrogen emission or absorption at a wavelength of 21 cm as a detector of the hydrogen abundance. We predict the signature on the 21-cm signal of the early generations of galaxies. We calculate the 21-cm power spectrum including two physical effects that were neglected in previous calculations. The first is the redistribution of the ultraviolet photons from the first galaxies due to their scattering off of the neutral hydrogen, which results in an enhancement of the 21-cm signal. The second is the presence of an ionized hydrogen bubble near each source, which produces a cut-off at observable scales. We show that the resulting clear signature in the 21-cm power spectrum can be used to detect and study the population of galaxies that formed just 200 Myr after the big bang.
Functions of orexins in peripheral tissues
Authors: Heinonen M. V. , Purhonen A. K. , Mäkelä K. A. , Herzig K. H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOrexin A (OXA) and orexin B were originally isolated as hypothalamic peptides regulating sleep, wakefulness and feeding. However, growing evidence suggests that orexins have major functions also in the peripheral tissues. Central orexigenic pathways originating from medulla activate the hypothalamus–pituitary axis and can influence the sympathetic tone. Orexins and their receptors are widely dispersed throughout the intestine, where orexin receptors are regulated by the nutritional status, affect insulin secretion and intestinal motility. Although the primary source of the peptide has not been elucidated, OXA is detected in plasma and its level varies in response to the metabolic state. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on peripheral functions of orexins and discuss possible endocrine, paracrine and neurocrine roles.
The impact of adenotonsillectomy on children’s quality of life
Authors: Schwentner I. , Schmutzhard J. , Schwentner C. , Abraham I. , Höfer S. , Sprinzl G.M. 
Published: February 2008

Objectives:  Although adenotonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the pediatric population, there is little known about its impact on Health‐related Quality of Life (HRQL). The aim of this study was to measure children’s HRQL‐benefit after adenotonsillectomy.Design and setting:  The study was carried out as a retrospective postal survey utilising a proxy rating.Participants:  In total, 447 parents of children who underwent adenotonsillectomy for the indication of chronic tonsillitis were included. 43% (n = 191) of the parents returned completed surveys.Main outcome measures:  To quantify the benefit after pediatric adenotonsillectomy the Glasgow Children’s Benefit Inventory (GCBI) was used.Results:  Mean GCBI‐total score was 21 ± 19 (−8 to 77), showing an improvement in all GCBIsubscales.Conclusions:  Adenotonsillectomy is a highly effective approach to treat children with tonsil disease. It has a positive impact on children’s HRQL and other areas not directly associated with their tonsil disease. Moreover, this improvement in HRQL is durable and not temporary.
Long‐term categorical auditory performance and speech intelligibility in Mandarin‐speaking prelingually deaf children with early cochlear implantation in Taiwan
Authors: Wu C.‐M. , Sun Y.‐S. , Liu T.‐C. 
Published: February 2008

Keypoints• We evaluated the long‐term development of categorical auditory performance and speech intelligibility rating of Mandarin‐speaking prelingually deaf children within 5 years after early cochlear implantation.• The categorical auditory performance increased after cochlear implantation, the median categorical auditory performance after 1 year of implantation was 4 and became 7 three years after implantation. The median categorical auditory performance remained to be 7 till 5 years after implantation.• There was significant difference in categorical auditory performance category between ‘before implantation’ and ‘1 year after implantation’, also between ‘1 year after implantation’ and ‘3 years after implantation’. But no significant difference was found between 3 years and 5 years after implantation.• The median speech intelligibility rating before implantation was 1. After 2 years of implantation, the median speech intelligibility rating became 4. Significant difference was found between these two time points. Three years after implantation, the median speech intelligibility rating improved to 5 and maintained at that level till 5 years after implantation.• Eighty‐one per cent (17/21) of our subjects reached the maximal category (7) of categorical auditory performance 5 years after implantation. Eighty‐one percent (17/21) of our subjects achieved the highest category (5) of speech intelligibility rating 5 years after implantation.
Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for cholesterol granulomas involving the petrous apex
Authors: Georgalas C. , Kania R. , Guichard J.‐P. , Sauvaget E. , Tran Ba Huy P. , Herman P. 
Published: February 2008

Key points• Surgery for cholesterol granulomas involving the petrous apex has traditionally been performed via a lateral skull base approach.• We present a case‐series of four cholesterol granulomas treated through the endoscopic–transsphenoid approach over the last 10 years.• Drainage was successful and symptomatic improvement was obtained in all cases (follow‐up 6 months–10 years).• Primary ‘sphenoid’ lesions, which can be widely drained and remain marsupialised, should be differentiated from primary ‘petrous’ lesions that can be removed safely through the sphenoid sinus only in case of extension medial to the internal carotid artery (ICA).• We feel that the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach is a safe and effective way to access cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex.
A preliminary study of simple voice assessment in a routine clinical setting to predict vocal cord paralysis after thyroid or parathyroid surgery
Authors: Hanna B.C. , Brooker D.S. 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  To determine if a simple assessment of vocal cord function performed in a routine clinical setting can predict vocal cord paralysis on laryngoscopy in patients following thyroid or parathyroid surgery.Method:  Prospective observational cohort study of patients undergoing thyroid or parathyroid surgery. Vocal cord function was assessed in terms of an abnormality of voice or cough reported by the patient or detected by the examiner. Laryngoscopy was performed by indirect mirror examination or fibreoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy. Examiners included otolaryngology consultants, registrars, senior house officers and a general practioner with a special interest in otolaryngology. The patient was often examined by a different clinician before and after surgery.Results:  Eighty‐six patients participated in the study between August 2003 and July 2004. Eleven had a change in their voice postoperatively and one patient had difficulty coughing. Six of these patients had a vocal cord paralysis. A further five apparently asymptomatic patients had a vocal cord paralysis. The positive predictive value of voice assessment for vocal cord paralysis was 55%.Conclusion:  In a routine clinical setting where the assessment of vocal cord function is often reported by different clinicians of varying experience at each patient attendance, the assessment of a patient’s voice following thyroid or parathyroid surgery is not adequately predictive of vocal cord paralysis on indirect laryngoscopy or fibreoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy. Further study is required to determine reasons for this.
Evaluation of clinician‐operated sonography and fine‐needle aspiration in the assessment of salivary gland tumours
Authors: Kraft M. , Lang F. , Mihaescu A. , Wolfensberger M. 
Published: February 2008

Objectives:  To evaluate the combination of ultrasound (US) + fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in the assessment of salivary gland tumours in the hands of the otolaryngologist.Design:  A retrospective review of case notes was performed.Setting:  Two university teaching hospitals in Switzerland.Participants:  One hundred and three patients with a total of 106 focal masses of the salivary glands were included. Clinician‐operated US + FNA were the first line of investigation for these lesions. All patients underwent surgical excision of the lesion, which allowed for confirmation of diagnosis by histopathology in 104 lesions and by laboratory testing in two lesions.Main outcome measures:  Primary – diagnostic accuracy in identifying true salivary gland neoplasms and detecting malignancy. Secondary – predicting an approximate and specific diagnosis in these tumours.Results:  The combination of US + FNA achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 99% in identifying and differentiating true salivary gland neoplasms from tumour‐like lesions. In detecting malignancy, this combination permitted an accuracy of 98%. An approximate diagnosis was possible in 89%, and a specific diagnosis in 69% of our patients.Conclusions:  Due to economic factors and a high diagnostic accuracy, the combination of US + FNA represents the investigation method of choice for most salivary gland tumours. We suggest that the otolaryngologist be employed in carrying out these procedures, as is already the rule in other medical specialties, while computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging should be reserved to those few lesions, which cannot be delineated completely by sonography.
Stripping in the New Millennium: Thinking about Trends in Exotic Dance and Dancers’ Lives
Authors: Bradley Mindy S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWith the increasing presence of sex and sexuality in American popular culture, the stripping industry is undoubtedly undergoing important subcultural and organizational transition. What are the implications of these changes for the individuals involved? The current paper reviews much of the literature on exotic dance to consider the potential transformations in the organization of the sex industry and how these changes may impact the lives of those involved. Specifically, I note some key differences in the literature that suggest how exotic dance has shifted. I then pose some questions for empirical inquiry. I argue that transformations in the exotic industry are creating new opportunities and challenges for women, and may be particularly deleterious for poor and minority women. I call for sociologists to investigate the consequences of organizational transferal in sexual labor, reevaluate the dynamics of agency and exploitation, and consider the potential differential impact of these trends on poor women and women of color.
Rapid natural selection for resistance to an introduced parasite of rainbow trout
Authors: Miller Mark P. , Vincent E. Richard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntroduced species and infectious diseases both independently pose challenges for the preservation of existing biodiversity. However, native species or disease hosts are by no means ‘unarmed’ when faced with novel environmental challenges, provided that adequate adaptive genetic variation exists to mount effective evolutionary responses. In this study, we examined the consequences of the recently introduced parasite and causative agent of whirling disease (Myxobolus cerebralis) in a wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population from Harrison Lake, Montana (USA). Consistent with the parasite’s age‐specific effects, juvenile rainbow trout recruitment into Harrison Lake was substantially reduced following parasite detection in 1995. However, experimental data suggest that natural selection has rapidly reduced whirling disease susceptibility within the population over time. The rapid observed temporal change in resistance patterns argues that the standing genetic variation for parasite resistance facilitated this process. Our findings ultimately underscore the importance of preserving genetic diversity to ensure that species of economic importance or of conservation concern have maximal chances for persistence in future changing environments.
An eigenvalue problem for the biharmonic operator on ℤ2‐symmetric regions
Authors: Pereira Antônio L. , Pereira Marcone C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this work we show that the eigenvalues of the Dirichlet problem for the biharmonic operator are generically simple in the set of ℤ2‐symmetric regions of ℝn, n⩾2, with a suitable topology. To accomplish this, we combine Baire's lemma, a generalised version of the transversality theorem, due to Henry [Perturbation of the boundary in boundary value problems of PDEs, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series 318 (Cambridge University Press, 2005)], and the method of rapidly oscillating functions developed in [A. L. Pereira and M. C. Pereira, Mat. Contemp. 27 (2004) 225–241].
Detection of New
arr-4
and
arr-5
Gene Cassettes in Clinical
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Strains from Brazil
Authors: Fonseca Érica Lourenço da , Freitas Fernanda dos Santos , Amorim José Carlos de , Vicente Ana Carolina Paulo 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

New
arr
alleles emerged in class 1 integrons from a clinical
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain (
arr-4
) and four
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains (
arr-5
) in Brazil/American continent.
arr-4
was preceded by
aacA7
-
catB3
, whereas
arr-5
was the unique cassette. The putative proteins shared 75% (Arr-5) and 78% (Arr-4) identities with Arr-2.
Effect of Polysorbate 80 on Oritavancin Binding to Plastic Surfaces: Implications for Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Arhin Francis F. , Sarmiento Ingrid , Belley Adam , McKay Geoffrey A. , Draghi Deborah C. , Grover Parveen , Sahm Daniel F. , Parr Thomas R. , Moeck Gregory 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Oritavancin, a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide with activity against gram-positive bacteria, has multiple mechanisms of action, including the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and the perturbation of the membrane potential. Approved guidelines for broth microdilution MIC assays with dalbavancin, another lipoglycopeptide, require inclusion of 0.002% polysorbate 80. To investigate the potential impact of polysorbate 80 on oritavancin susceptibility assays, we quantified the recovery of [
14
C]oritavancin from susceptibility assay plates with and without polysorbate 80 and examined the effect of the presence of polysorbate 80 on the oritavancin MICs for 301 clinical isolates from the genera
Staphylococcus
,
Enterococcus
, and
Streptococcus
. In the absence of polysorbate 80, [
14
C]oritavancin was rapidly lost from solution in susceptibility assay test plates: 9% of the input drug was recovered in broth at 1 h when [
14
C]oritavancin was tested at 1 μg/ml. Furthermore, proportionately greater losses were observed at lower oritavancin concentrations, suggesting saturable binding of oritavancin to surfaces. The inclusion of 0.002% polysorbate 80 or 2% lysed horse blood permitted the recovery of 80 to 100% [
14
C]oritavancin at 24 h for all drug concentrations tested. Concordantly, oritavancin MIC
90
s for streptococcal isolates, as determined in medium containing 2% lysed horse blood, were identical with and without polysorbate 80. In stark contrast, polysorbate 80 reduced the oritavancin MIC
90
s by 16- to 32-fold for clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci, which are typically cultured without blood. The results presented here provide evidence that the MIC data for oritavancin in the current literature significantly underestimate the potency of oritavancin in vitro. Moreover, the combination of data from MIC and [
14
C]oritavancin recovery studies supports the revision of the oritavancin broth microdilution method to include polysorbate 80 throughout the assay.
NEW FORMS OF QUANTUM MATTER NEAR ABSOLUTE ZERO TEMPERATURE
Authors: KETTERLE WOLFGANG 
Published: February 2008

In my talk at the workshop on fundamental physics in space I described the nanokelvin revolution which has taken place in atomic physics. Nanokelvin temperatures have given us access to new physical phenomena including Bose–Einstein condensation, quantum reflection, and fermionic superfluidity in a gas. They also enabled new techniques of preparing and manipulating cold atoms. At low temperatures, only very weak forces are needed to control the motion of atoms. This gave rise to the development of miniaturized setups including atom chips. In Earth-based experiments, gravitational forces are dominant unless they are compensated by optical and magnetic forces. The following text describes the work which I used to illustrate the nanokelvin revolution in atomic physics. Strongest emphasis is given to superfluidity in fermionic atoms. This is a prime example of how ultracold atoms are used to create well-controlled strongly interacting systems and obtain new insight into many-body physics.
TESTING RELATIVITY AT HIGH ENERGIES USING SPACEBORNE DETECTORS
Authors: STECKER F. W. 
Published: February 2008

The Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), to be launched in the fall of 2007, will measure the spectra of distant extragalactic sources of high energy γ-rays, particularly active galactic nuclei and γ-ray bursts. GLAST can look for energy-dependent γ-ray propagation effects from such sources as a signal of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). These sources should also exhibit the high energy cutoffs predicted to be the result of intergalactic annihilation interactions with low energy photons having a flux level as determined by various astronomical observations. Such annihilations result in electron–positron pair production above a threshold energy given by 2me in the center-of-momentum frame of the system, assuming Lorentz invariance. If Lorentz invariance is violated, this threshold can be significantly raised, changing the predicted absorption turnover in the observed spectrum of the sources. Stecker and Glashow have shown that the existence of such absorption features in the spectra of extragalactic sources puts constraints on LIV. Such constraints have important implications for some quantum gravity and large extra dimension models. Future spaceborne detectors dedicated to measuring γ-ray polarization can look for birefringence effects as a possible signal of loop quantum gravity. As shown by Coleman and Glashow, a much smaller amount of LIV has potential implications for possibly suppressing the "GZK cutoff" predicted to be caused by the interactions of cosmic rays having multijoule energies with photons of the 2.7 K cosmic background radiation in intergalactic space. Owing to the rarity of such ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, their spectra are best studied by a UV-sensitive satellite detector which looks down on a large volume of the Earth's atmosphere to study the nitrogen fluorescence tracks of giant air showers produced by these ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We discuss here, in particular, a two-satellite mission called OWL, which would be suited for making such studies.