bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of surgical technique guidance and surgeon’s experience on the femoral head assembly in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Darowski Martin , Ruehrmund Leo , Kluess Daniel , Klinder Annett , Bader Rainer , Mittelmeier Wolfram 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The importance of the assembly procedure on the taper connection strength is evident. However, existent surgical technique guides frequently lack comprehensive and precise instructions in this regard. The aim of our experimental study was to evaluate the influence of the surgical technique guide on the femoral head assembly procedure in surgeons with differing levels of experience in total hip arthroplasty.

Materials and methods
Twenty-eight participants, divided into four groups based on their lifetime experience in total hip arthroplasty, conducted a femoral head assembly procedure in a simulated intraoperative environment before and after reviewing the surgical technique guide. Demographic information and the number of hammer blows were documented. Hammer velocity and impaction angle were recorded using an optical motion capturing system, while the impaction force was measured using a dynamic force sensor within the impactor.

Results
We observed a high variation in the number of hammer blows, maximum force, and impaction angle. Overall, the number of hammer blows decreased significantly from 3 to 2.2 after reviewing the surgical technique guide. The only significant intragroup difference in the number of hammer blows was observed in the group with no prior experience in total hip arthroplasty. No correlation was found between individual factors (age, weight, height) or experience and the measured parameters (velocity, maximum force and angle).

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated a high variation in the parameters of the femoral head assembly procedure. Consideration of the surgical technique guide was found to be a limited factor among participants with varying levels of experience in total hip arthroplasty. These findings underline the importance of sufficient preoperative training, to standardize the assembly procedure, including impaction force, angle, and use of instruments.
Progressive demyelinating polyneuropathy after hematopoietic cell transplantation in metachromatic leukodystrophy: a case series
Authors: Beerepoot Shanice , Boelens Jaap Jan , Lindemans Caroline , de Witte Moniek A. , Nierkens Stefan , Vrancken Alexander F. J. E. , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Bugiani Marianna , Wolf Nicole I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a neuro-metabolic disorder due to arylsulfatase A deficiency, causing demyelination of the central and peripheral nervous system. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can provide a symptomatic and survival benefit for pre-symptomatic and early symptomatic patients by stabilizing CNS disease. This case series, however, illustrates the occurrence of severely progressive polyneuropathy shortly after HCT in two patients with late-infantile, one with late-juvenile, and one with adult MLD, leading to the inability to walk or sit without support. The patients had demyelinating polyneuropathy before HCT, performed at the ages of 2 years in the first two patients and at 14 and 23 years in the other two patients. The myeloablative conditioning regimen consisted of busulfan, fludarabine and, in one case, rituximab, with anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporine, steroids, and/or mycophenolate mofetil for GvHD prophylaxis. Polyneuropathy after HCT progressed parallel with tapering immunosuppression and paralleled bouts of infection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Differential diagnoses included MLD progression, neurological GvHD or another (auto)inflammatory cause. Laboratory, electroneurography and pathology investigations were inconclusive. In two patients, treatment with immunomodulatory drugs led to temporary improvement, but not sustained stabilization of polyneuropathy. One patient showed recovery to pre-HCT functioning, except for a Holmes-like tremor, for which a peripheral origin cannot be excluded. One patient showed marginal response to immunosuppressive treatment and died ten months after HCT due to respiratory failure. The extensive diagnostic and therapeutic attempts highlight the challenge of characterizing and treating progressive polyneuropathy in patients with MLD shortly after HCT. We advise to consider repeat electro-neurography and possibly peripheral nerve biopsy in such patients. Nerve conduction blocks, evidence of the presence of T lymphocytes and macrophages in the neuronal and surrounding nerve tissue, and beneficial effects of immunomodulatory drugs may indicate a partially (auto)immune-mediated pathology. Polyneuropathy may cause major residual disease burden after HCT. MLD patients with progressive polyneuropathy could potentially benefit from a more intensified immunomodulatory drug regime following HCT, especially at times of immune activation.
Subcritical Gaussian multiplicative chaos in the Wiener space: construction, moments and volume decay
Authors: Bazaes Rodrigo , Lammers Isabel , Mukherjee Chiranjib 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe construct and study properties of an infinite dimensional analog of Kahane’s theory of Gaussian multiplicative chaos (Kahane in Ann Sci Math Quebec 9(2):105-150, 1985). Namely, if $$H_T(\omega )$$

H
T

(
ω
)

is a random field defined w.r.t. space-time white noise $$\dot{B}$$

B
˙

and integrated w.r.t. Brownian paths in $$d\ge 3$$

d
≥
3

, we consider the renormalized exponential $$\mu _{\gamma ,T}$$

μ

γ
,
T

, weighted w.r.t. the Wiener measure $$\mathbb {P}_0(\textrm{d}\omega )$$

P
0

(
d
ω
)

. We construct the almost sure limit $$\mu _\gamma = \lim _{T\rightarrow \infty } \mu _{\gamma ,T}$$

μ
γ

=

lim

T
→
∞

μ

γ
,
T

in the entire weak disorder (subcritical) regime and call it subcritical GMC on the Wiener space. We show that $$\begin{aligned} \mu _\gamma \Big \{\omega : \lim _{T\rightarrow \infty } \frac{H_T(\omega )}{T(\phi \star \phi )(0)} \ne \gamma \Big \}=0 \qquad \text{ almost } \text{ surely, } \end{aligned}$$

μ
γ

{

ω
:

lim

T
→
∞

H
T

(
ω
)

T
(
ϕ
⋆
ϕ
)
(
0
)

≠
γ

}

=
0

almost

surely,

meaning that $$\mu _\gamma $$

μ
γ

is supported almost surely only on $$\gamma $$
γ
-thick paths, and consequently, the normalized version is singular w.r.t. the Wiener measure. We then characterize uniquely the limit $$\mu _\gamma $$

μ
γ

w.r.t. the mollification scheme $$\phi $$
ϕ
in the sense of Shamov (J Funct Anal 270:3224–3261, 2016) – we show that the law of $$\dot{B}$$

B
˙

under the random rooted measure $$\mathbb Q_{\mu _\gamma }(\textrm{d}\dot{B}\textrm{d}\omega )= \mu _\gamma (\textrm{d}\omega ,\dot{B})P(\textrm{d}\dot{B})$$

Q

μ
γ

(
d

B
˙

d
ω
)

=

μ
γ

(
d
ω
,

B
˙

)

P

(
d

B
˙

)

is the same as the law of the distribution $$f\mapsto \dot{B}(f)+ \gamma \int _0^\infty \int _{\mathbb {R}^d} f(s,y) \phi (\omega _s-y) \textrm{d}s \textrm{d}y$$

f
↦

B
˙

(
f
)

+
γ

∫
0
∞

∫

R

d

f

(
s
,
y
)

ϕ

(

ω
s

-
y
)

d
s
d
y

under $$P \otimes \mathbb {P}_0$$

P
⊗

P
0

. We then determine the fractal properties of the measure around $$\gamma $$
γ
-thick paths: $$-C_2 \le \liminf _{\varepsilon \downarrow 0} \varepsilon ^2 \log {\widehat{\mu }}_\gamma (\Vert \omega \Vert< \varepsilon ) \le \limsup _{\varepsilon \downarrow 0}\sup _\eta \varepsilon ^2 \log {\widehat{\mu }}_\gamma (\Vert \omega -\eta \Vert < \varepsilon ) \le -C_1$$

-

C
2

≤

lim inf

ε
↓
0

ε
2

log

μ
^

γ

(
‖
ω
‖
<
ε
)

≤

lim sup

ε
↓
0

sup
η

ε
2

log

μ
^

γ

(
‖
ω

-

η
‖
<
ε
)

≤
-

C
1

w.r.t a weighted norm $$\Vert \cdot \Vert $$

‖
·
‖

. Here $$C_1>0$$

C
1

>
0

and $$C_2<\infty $$

C
2

<
∞

are the uniform upper (resp. pointwise lower) Hölder exponents which are explicit in the entire weak disorder regime. Moreover, they converge to the scaling exponent of the Wiener measure as the disorder approaches zero. Finally, we establish negative and $$L^p$$

L
p

($$p>1$$

p
>
1

) moments for the total mass of $$\mu _\gamma $$

μ
γ

in the weak disorder regime.
Pre-enrichment-free detection of hepatocellular carcinoma-specific ctDNA via PDMS and MEMS-based microfluidic sensor
Authors: Çağlayan Arslan Zeynep , Okan Meltem , Külah Haluk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe growing interest in microfluidic biosensors has led to improvements in the analytical performance of various sensing mechanisms. Although various sensors can be integrated with microfluidics, electrochemical ones have been most commonly employed due to their ease of miniaturization, integration ability, and low cost, making them an established point-of-care diagnostic method. This concept can be easily adapted to the detection of biomarkers specific to certain cancer types. Pathological profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogeneous and rather complex, and biopsy samples contain limited information regarding the tumor and do not reflect its heterogeneity. Circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs), which can contain information regarding cancer characteristics, have been studied tremendously since liquid biopsy emerged as a new diagnostic method. Recent improvements in the accuracy and sensitivity of ctDNA determination also paved the way for genotyping of somatic genomic alterations. In this study, three-electrode (Au-Pt–Ag) glass chips were fabricated and combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels to establish an electrochemical microfluidic sensor for detecting c.747G > T hotspot mutations in the TP53 gene of ctDNAs from HCC. The preparation and analysis times of the constructed sensor were as short as 2 h in total, and a relatively high flow rate of 30 µl/min was used during immobilization and hybridization steps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a PDMS-based microfluidic electrochemical sensor has been developed to target HCC ctDNAs. The system exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 24.1 fM within the tested range of 2–200 fM. The sensor demonstrated high specificity in tests conducted with fully noncomplementary and one-base mismatched target sequences. The developed platform is promising for detecting HCC-specific ctDNA at very low concentrations without requiring pre-enrichment steps.
Graphical Abstract
Licensing of a new technology by an outside and uninformed licensor
Authors: Antelo Manel , Sampayo Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe examine the licensing decision of a non-producer innovator with a new technology that enables the manufacture of a saleable product. The technology is licensed and each user privately knows its innovation-related production cost, whereas the licensor only knows, with a certain probability, that this cost may be low (the user is efficient) or high (the user is inefficient). When a single licence is granted through separating contracts, only the contract intended for the inefficient user involves a per-unit royalty, but when two licences are granted through separating contracts, the contracts intended for the inefficient and efficient users both feature a per-unit royalty. However, screening is less likely as the number of licences increases, to the point that the licensor does not screen users when granting three licences. Additionally, whereas the diffusion of the innovation is socially insufficient under symmetric information, with asymmetric information it may be socially optimal. Finally, when licensing with contracts involving an ad-valorem royalty is also feasible the licensor finds it less attractive than licensing with a per-unit royalty.
Superior bioavailability of the calcium salt form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate compared with the free acid form
Authors: Ribeiro Heitor Rodrigues , Jardim Felipe Gregório , Roldán Miriam Sanz , de Salles Painelli Vitor , da Eira Silva Vinicius , Tritto Aline Cristina Capparelli , Formalioni Andressa , Custoias Giovani Boldrini , Pereira Wagner Ribeiro , Solis Marina Yazigi , Carvalho Felipe , Junior Ernani Pinto , Artioli Guilherme Giannini 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe investigated the bioavailability of the calcium salt (HMB-Ca) and the free acid (HMB-FA) forms of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB). Sixteen young individuals received the following treatments on three different occasions in a counterbalanced crossover fashion: (1) HMB-FA in clear capsules; (2) HMB-Ca in gelatine capsules; (3) HMB-Ca dissolved in water. All treatments provided 1 g of HMB. Blood samples were taken before and on multiple time points following ingestion. The following parameters were calculated: peak plasma (Cmax), time to peak (Tmax), slope of HMB appearance in blood, area under the curve (AUC), half-life time (t1/2) and relative bioavailability (HMB-Ca in water set as reference). All treatments led to rapid and large increases in plasma HMB. HMB-Ca in capsules and in water showed similar plasma HMB values across time (p = 0.438). HMB-FA resulted in lower concentrations vs. the other treatments (both p < 0.001). AUC (HMB-Ca in capsules: 50,078 ± 10,507; HMB-Ca in water: 47,871 ± 10,783; HMB-FA: 29,130 ± 12,946 µmol L−1 × 720 min), Cmax (HMB-Ca in capsules: 229.2 ± 65.9; HMB-Ca in water: 249.7 ± 49.7; HMB-FA: 139.1 ± 67.2 µmol L−1) and relative bioavailability (HMB-Ca in capsules: 104.8 ± 14.9%; HMB-FA: 61.5 ± 17.0%) were lower in HMB-FA vs. HMB-Ca (all p < 0.001). HMB-Ca in water resulted in the fastest Tmax (43 ± 22 min) compared to HMB-Ca in capsules (79 ± 40 min) and HMB-FA (78 ± 21 min) (all p < 0.05), while t1/2 was similar between treatments. To conclude, HMB-Ca exhibited superior bioavailability compared to HMB-FA, with HMB-Ca in water showing faster absorption. Elimination kinetics were similar across all forms, suggesting that the pharmaceutical form of HMB affects the absorption rates, but not its distribution or elimination.
Key determinants of intention to use virtual reality in medical training
Authors: Alarcon-Urbistondo Pilar , Perez-Aranda Javier , Casado-Molina Ana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExperts have called for virtual reality (VR) training and learning applications that can facilitate the changes needed in training programmes for years to come. To help expedite the adoption process, this study used a mixed-methods approach to identify the key factors that promote intentions to use VR technology in medical training. The qualitative research was based on interviews with five doctors and medical students, which focused on identifying the most significant determinants. Next, a survey was conducted to collect data from 154 medical interns and students in Spanish universities and hospitals, whose responses were processed using partial least squares-structural equation analysis. The limited sample size means this study is exploratory. The results indicate that perceived entertainment significantly strengthens behavioural intention to use VR technology in medical courses. The findings also underline the potential uses of VR learning tools in healthcare contexts and the need to incorporate this technology into medical training.
The casual relationship between autoimmune diseases and multiple myeloma: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jin Peipei , Jin Xiaoqing , He Li , Liu Wen , Zhan Zhuo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObservational studies showed possible associations between systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple myeloma. However, whether there is a casual relationship between different types of autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis) and multiple myeloma (MM) is not well known. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to estimate the casual relationship. Summary-level data of autoimmune diseases were gained from published genome-wide association studies while data of MM was obtained from UKBiobank. The Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis method to interpret the study results, with MR-Egger and weighted median as complementary methods of analysis. There is causal relationship between primary sclerosing cholangitis [OR = 1.00015, 95% CI 1.000048–1.000254, P = 0.004] and MM. Nevertheless, no similar causal relationship was found between the remaining seven autoimmune diseases and MM. Considering the important role of age at recruitment and body mass index (BMI) in MM, we excluded these relevant instrument variables, and similar results were obtained. The accuracy and robustness of these findings were confirmed by sensitivity tests. Overall, MR analysis suggests that genetic liability to primary sclerosing cholangitis could be causally related to the increasing risk of MM. This finding may serve as a guide for clinical attention to patients with autoimmune diseases and their early screening for MM.
The equivalence of Heegaard Floer homology and embedded contact homology III: from hat to plus
Authors: Colin Vincent , Ghiggini Paolo , Honda Ko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven a closed oriented 3-manifold $M$
M
, we establish an isomorphism between the Heegaard Floer homology group $HF^{+} (-M)$
H

F
+

(
−
M
)
and the embedded contact homology group $ECH(M)$
E
C
H
(
M
)
. Starting from an open book decomposition $(S,\mathfrak{h} )$
(
S
,
h
)
of $M$
M
, we construct a chain map $\Phi ^{+}$

Φ
+

from a Heegaard Floer chain complex associated to $(S,\mathfrak{h} )$
(
S
,
h
)
to an embedded contact homology chain complex for a contact form supported by $(S,\mathfrak{h} )$
(
S
,
h
)
. The chain map $\Phi ^{+}$

Φ
+

commutes up to homotopy with the $U$
U
-maps defined on both sides and reduces to the quasi-isomorphism $\Phi $
Φ
from (Colin et al. in Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci., 2024a, 2024b) on subcomplexes defining the hat versions. Algebraic considerations then imply that the map $\Phi ^{+}$

Φ
+

is a quasi-isomorphism.
Multi-robot social-aware cooperative planning in pedestrian environments using attention-based actor-critic
Authors: Dong Lu , He Zichen , Song Chunwei , Yuan Xin , Zhang Haichao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSafe and efficient cooperative planning of multiple robots in pedestrian participation environments is promising for applications. In this paper, a novel multi-robot social-aware efficient cooperative planner on the basis of off-policy multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) under partial dimension-varying observation and imperfect perception conditions is proposed. We adopt a temporal-spatial graph (TSG)-based social encoder to better extract the importance of social relations between each robot and the pedestrians in its field of view (FOV). Also, we introduce a K-step lookahead reward setting in the multi-robot RL framework to avoid aggressive, intrusive, short-sighted, and unnatural motion decisions generated by robots. Moreover, we improve the traditional centralized critic network with a multi-head global attention module to better aggregate local observation information among different robots to guide the process of the individual policy update. Finally, multi-group experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative motion planner.
Analysis of impulsive ground motions from February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence
Authors: Ertuncay Deniz , Costa Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOn the 6th of February 2023, a large magnitude earthquake (Pazarcık earthquake), $$M_{w}=$$

M
w

=

7.7, occurred in southeast Türkiye, which caused significant destruction in Türkiye and Syria. Relatively large magnitude aftershocks followed the main shock, and after 9 hours of the main event, another large magnitude earthquake (Elbistan earthquake) occurred, $$M_{w}=$$

M
w

=

7.6, on a nearby fault. This study analyzes the near-fault seismic signals from earthquakes larger than 5.5 recorded between the main shock and the 31st of March 2023. More than 60 impulsive motions are detected in 3 earthquakes, mostly concentrated in the Pazarcık and Elbistan earthquakes. In the Pazarcık earthquake, many impulsive motions are recorded in near-fault stations with periods of up to 14 s. In contrast, in the Elbistan earthquake, impulsive motions are spatially distributed, with pulse periods of up to 11 s and at distances greater than 150 km. Pulse periods mostly correlate with the magnitude of the earthquake, but pulse probability models do not predict impulsive motions over long distances. The presence of strong impulsive motions in vertical components is also observed. For both earthquakes, peak ground velocities (PGVs) are larger than predicted by ground motion prediction equations. The observation of long-period, large amplitude signals may indicate the presence of a directivity effect for both earthquakes. In some stations, spectral periods exceed the 2018 Turkish building design codes for long periods ($$\ge$$
≥
1 s).
Stochastic Exchange Rate Dynamics, Intervention Dynamics and the Market Efficiency Hypothesis
Authors: Drakonakis Emmanouil , Kotsios Stelios 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince currency price fluctuations hinder economic activity, exchange rate dynamics have an effect on national economies. To have a proper exchange rate policy in place, these dynamics are essential for nations with a trade economy. This study presents and examines a distinctive stochastic dynamics exchange rate model (ESI) in order to address the challenges associated with predicting the behavior of participants in some complex economic systems, which might lead to the system’s collapse. To address the issue of ESI stability by central bank interventions (managed currency) in a specified target value, a target value technique is also provided and tested. Last but not least, we examine the noise traders’ role as a major source of market uncertainty as we look at the market efficiency hypothesis for the foreign exchange market (FX).
Haplotype diversity of Heterodera koreana (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), affecting bamboo in Korea
Authors: Kang Heonil , Ko Hyoung-Rai , Lim Yeon-Jeong , Park Eun-Hyeong , Kim Eun-Hwa , Park Se-Keun , Park Byeong-Yong , Han Hyerim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in agricultural fields, cyst-forming nematodes were found in soil planted bamboo in Korea. The aim of this study was to identify the cyst nematodes based on morphological and molecular characteristics. As the results, the morphology and morphometrics of cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2s) were consistent with those of previous descriptions of Heterodera koreana. In phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences, these cyst nematodes were clustered together with clade of H. koreana in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and large subunit D2-D3 segments (LSU D2-D3). These nematodes were clustered together with clade of H. koreana in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, but a haplotype was different when compared with previous reported haplotypes (haplotype A-C) in Japan. This study showed these cyst nematodes were identified as H. koreana, and a new haplotype of H. koreana is distributed in Korea. We suggest that the new haplotype of H. koreana name as haplotype D.