bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic control of MuLV‐gs expression in crosses between high and low leukemia incidence strains
Authors: Hilgers Jo , Galesloot Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA newly developed test for MuLV‐gs antigen, based on disappearance rate (DR) of injected rat anti‐MuLV antibody in mice, has been used in combination with a previously described quantitative immunofluorescence adsorption (IFA) technique for the antigen in spleens, in order to classify inbred strains of mice of European and American origin. The following groups could be distinguished: (1) low leukemia incidence strains, mice which were MuLV‐gs negative in their spleens and sera; (2) low leukemia incidence strains, of which young adult mice were generally MuLV‐gs negative, whereas old mice were occasionally positive, levels of the antigen being invariably low in the spleens of positive animals; (3) one low leukemia strain (NZB, a mouse strain with auto‐immune disease), of which young adult mice were generally MuLV‐gs negative, whereas all older mice were highly positive, levels in spleens reaching those in spleens of high leukemia strain mice; and (4) high leukemia strains, mice of which were always MuLV‐gs positive, levels of the antigen in spleens and sera being invariably high, even in young adult mice. Spleens and sera of adult animals of the F1 hybrid between a high (AKR) and a low (C57BL) leukemia incidence strain contain intermediate amounts of MuLV‐gs. In this heterozygote, the antigen was generally found at an earlier age than in all low leukemia incidence strains, but at a later age than in the high leukemia incidence strain. Typing for MuLV‐gs in spleens and sera of normal segregants between mice of high and low leukemia strains revealed that: (1) one semidominant host gene, presumably Fv‐1, controls MuLV‐gs levels as shown in back‐crosses to the high incidence strain, and (2) two additional dominant genes are involved in all‐or‐none expression of MuLV‐gs as shown in backcrosses to the low incidence strain and in F2 generations.
The predictive value of mouse liver tumour induction in carcinogenicity testing—a literature survey
Authors: Tomatis L. , Partensky C. , Montesano R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA survey of the available data in the literature was carried out in an attempt to verify the possible correlation between the capacity of a number of chemicals to induce parenchymal liver tumours in the mouse and their capacity to induce tumours in the liver and/or other organs in the rat and hamster. Data on 58 chemicals were collected. A positive correlation appears to exist between the capacity of a chemical to induce liver tumours in the mouse and its capacity to induce tumours at any site in the rat or the hamster. The strongest correlation is found when the chemical, given to adult mice, induces tumours of the liver and other sites in both sexes. The induction of liver tumours in the mouse by a chemical does not signify that the liver would be the target organ in the rat or the hamster. Among the 58 chemicals considered, seven are recognized or suspected human carcinogens. All were hepatocarcinogenic in the mouse and six were carcinogenic in the liver and/or other organs in the rat. Four were tested in the hamster and found to be carcinogenic.
Cancer of respiratory organs among workers at a nickel refinery in Norway
Authors: Pedersen Einar , Høgetveit Arne Chr. , Andersen Aage 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA follow‐up study has revealed a clearly increased incidence of cancer of respiratory organs among men employed at a nickel refinery in Norway. During the period 1953–71 there were 48 cases of lung cancer, 14 cases of cancer of nasal sinuses and 5 cases of laryngeal cancer. The highest risk was among men involved in roasting, smelting and electrolysis. For these men the ratio of observed to expected number of cases was 7:1 for lung cancer and 40:1 for cancer of nasal sinuses. Still higher relative risks were found for workers of these categories whose employment had started before 1940. The refinery, established in 1910, practically discontinued production when the war hit Norway in 1940. Production was resumed in 1945, and subsequently the processes have undergone major changes. Of the 14 cases of cancer of nasal sinuses only one has occurred among men whose first employment started after 1945, but as the induction time for this form of cancer was found to be very long in this material, it is still uncertain whether a reduction of the risk has been achieved. As regards lung cancer, it is clear that the hazard of exposure still persisted around 1950. Although it has not been practicable in this study to obtain information on smoking habits and on possible exposure in other occupations, it is concluded that the increased risk among the men is largely ascribable to exposure at the refinery. Deaths and cases of cancer among the men were identified by computer linkage of past and current employees against all deaths in Norway and against all cases of cancer reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway during the follow‐up period.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): Comparison of the farr and solid‐phase methods for detection of CEA
Authors: McPherson T. A. , Band P. R. , Grace M. , Hyde H. A. , Patwardhan V. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was detected in 180 preoperative malignant serum samples, or from the first benign serum sample if more than one sample was taken by the Farr assay using reagents provided by the Montreal laboratory of Gold and Freedman and in 148 plasma and 178 serum samples by a solid‐phase assay using reagents provided by the Cancer Diagnostic Laboratory of Hoffmann‐La Roche, Inc. Disposable, polystyrene tubes were coated with anti‐CEAγG in the solid‐phase assay. These were then used along with 125I‐CEA to construct an antibody dilution curve, standard inhibition curve and to test plasma or serum samples directly for CEA. In general, levels of CEA were higher for all diagnostic categories by the Farr assay than by the solid‐phase assay. For CEA levels greater than 10 ng/ml, samples from colorectal cancer patients were clearly separable from other samples by both techniques. Thus, levels greater than 10 ng/ml were found by the Farr and solid‐phase assays done on serum and by the solid‐phase assay done on plasma respectively in 39%, 23% and 13% of patients with colorectal cancer, and in 14%, 4.5% and 1% of patients with other diseases. Aliquots from 123 blood samples were tested by both the Farr and the solid‐phase assays. Serum was studied in all 123 by the Farr assay. Fifty‐seven of the solid‐phase assays were done on serum and the remaining 66 were done on plasma. The results showed good agreement (77% overall) for the two assays when serum results were considered, but lesser agreement (59% overall) when serum results by the Farr assay were compared with plasma results by solid‐phase. The serum/plasma disagreement noted between the Farr and solid‐phase assays was largely found in samples from patients with colorectal cancer (45% agreement), and appeared to be due mainly to samples from patients with Duke's A or B colonic cancer. Antibody dilution and standard inhibition curves done using reagents from the two laboratories in both the Farr and solid‐phase assays indicated that the CEA from Montreal detects antibody sites on both anti‐CEA preparations which are not available to the CEA from Roche. Further, the unlabelled CEA from Roche appears to be more similar antigenically to the Montreal 125I‐CEA than unlabelled Montreal CEA itself. This suggests that iodination of CEA may have altered the anti‐genie character of the molecule. It is suggested that this alteration, as well as the use of CEA preparations of higher specific activity than those used initially, might account, at least in part, for the apparent loss of specificity of recent “CEA tests” for colorectal cancer as compared to the earlier report from Thomson and colleagues.
Low‐leukemogenic variants of rauscher leukemia virus obtained in long‐term cultures at supra‐optimal temperature
Authors: Barski Georges , Barbieri Dominique , Youn Jung Koo , Hue Gilbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTaking as a starting point the previously demonstrated genetic variability of in vitro cultivated murine leukemia viruses (MuLV), with particular regard to their leukemogenic potential, an attempt was made to accumulate and study Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) variants selected by long‐term cultivation at a supra‐optimal temperature of 40.5°C (± 0.5°C). The most significant results were obtained with cells of the CL91 line originating from normal C57BL lung tissue, initially virus‐free and infected with a highly leukemogenic RLV prepared from leukemic spleens. After 184 days of cultivation, the infected cells were divided into two parallel series: (I) the CL91RR which was continued at 37°C, (2) the CL91RRHT series which was transferred, after a transitory adaptation period at 39°C, for permanent culture at 40.5°C. Supernatants from the parallel series were checked periodically for their leukemogenic capacity as related to the number of virions found in the supernatant aliquots inoculated into sensitive weanling or new‐born BALB/c mice. The number of virions present in the CL91RRHT supernatants was regularly at least equal but usually significantly higher than in parallel CL91RR cultures. However, the leukemia‐producing capacity of the first was very low: only 11% of leukemias were obtained after an average of 98 days' latency with the CL91RRHT supernatants, when checked after 201 or more days of culture at 40.5°C, as compared with an average of 89% rapidly evolving leukemias (within an average of 23 days) obtained with material from CL91RR cultures. These differences were seen repeatedly in 19 independent assays performed on a total of 132 and 111 animals, respectively, and extending over an experimental period of 586 days following the in vitro infection. These results were discussed in the light of other data concerning temperature‐dependent selection of variants of pathogenic viruses.
Inhibition of lymphocyte cytotoxicity for human colon carcinoma by treatment with solubilized tumour membrane fractions
Authors: Baldwin R. W. , Embleton M. J. , Price M. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vitro cytotoxic action of patients' lymphocytes against colon carcinoma cells was evaluated following incubation of the lymphocytes with papain‐solubilized tumour‐membrane preparations. Soluble extracts of pooled colon carcinomas inhibited cytotoxicity by sensitized lymphocytes, but similar extracts of normal colon or melanoma had no inhibitory effect. The results suggest that soluble tumour antigen may play a role in abolishing lymphocyte reactivity, and this is interpreted as supporting the concept that cellular immunity against tumours in vivo may be inhibited by circulating antigen.
Difference in the mobility of lectin sites on the surface membrane of normal lymphocytes and malignant lymphoma cells
Authors: Inbar Michael , Ben‐Bassat Hannah , Sachs Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBinding sites for Concanavalin A (Con A) can move on the surface membrane. This induction of movement resulted in the formation of caps of Con A membrane‐site complexes in normal lymph‐node or spleen lymphocytes, but not in a line of malignant lymphoma cells. This indicates a difference in the mobility of Con A sites on the surface membrane of normal lymphocytes and lymphoma cells. Binding sites for the lectin from wheat germ (WGA) did not form caps either on normal lymphocytes or on lymphoma cells. Normal lymphocytes with caps induced by Con A still showed binding of WGA to the rest of the membrane. The mobility of Con A sites was, therefore, independent of WGA sites. The difference in the mobility of binding sites for Con A on the surface membrane of normal lymphocytes and lymphoma cells suggests that changes in the fluid state of the carbohydrate‐containing structures on the surface where the Con A sites are located, are associated with malignant cell transformation.
Multihormonal activities of normal and neoplastic pituitary cells as indicated by immunohistochemical staining
Authors: Ueda G. , Moy P. , Furth J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hormonal changes during the course of induction and subsequent growth of mouse thyrotropic tumors and rat mammotropic tumors were studied by means of immunohistochemical staining in consecutive sections cut at 3γ. Multihormonal activities were detected in the primary tumors, but were more conspicuous in the transplanted neoplasms. Labelled anti‐thyrotropic hormone stained slightly normal gonadotropes. This is due to the presence of a common antigenic subunit between the two hormones and may explain the earlier finding of biologic gonadotropic activity in thyrotropic tumor‐bearing mice with high serum thyrotropic hormone levels. Antiserum to the β subunit of thyrotropic hormone stained the thyrotropes almost as intensely as did antiserum to the complete hormone. Neoplastic thyrotropes often had somatotropic activities. Neoplastic mammotropes usually had somatotropic, and less often, adrenotropic activities. Derangement of the hormonal spectrum of pituitary tumors is best related to the derepression of the cytogenetic code of differentiated normal cells. The rare findings of multihormonal activities in normal pituitary cells and the possible existence of a stem cell remain to be fully investigated.
Radioimmunoassay of mammalian type‐c polypeptides. IV. Characterization of woolly monkey and gibbon viral antigens
Authors: Parks Wade P. , Scolnick Edward M. , Noon Marian C. , Watson Cynthia J. , Kawakami Thomas G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ˜30,000 dalton woolly and gibbon type‐C viral polypeptides have been isolated and characterized immunologically. By radioimmunoassay, antibody prepared in rabbits to the woolly and gibbon “gs” protein show only low‐level cross‐reactions with other mammalian type‐C viral gs antigens and their antisera. The woolly and gibbon ˜30,000 dalton polypeptides are highly related on the basis of both serum and antigen titrations, confirming previous studies with the viral reverse transcriptases. The woolly gs assay using a double antibody radioimmunoassay can detect less than one nanogram of purified woolly or gibbon viral protein, and the same protein also reacts in the interspecies of gs‐3 radioimmunoassay indicating that the primate “gs” proteins also contain both species‐specific and interspecies reactivities on the same polypeptide. To establish that the woolly and gibbon type‐C viruses represented distinct isolates with a close immunological relationship and to eliminate the possibility of laboratory contamination, original woolly and gibbon material was studied for antigen. Both the original woolly monkey fibrosarcoma and two separate gibbon lymphoid tumors contained high levels of type‐C interspecies and woolly viral antigen by radioimmunoassay, indicating that natural tumors from distinct species of primates contain immunologically related viral antigen.
The horizontal development of cell‐mediated tumor‐specific immunity in rous sarcoma virus tumorigenesis in rats
Authors: Jonsson Nils 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe horizontal development of lymphoid cell‐mediated specific antitumor immunity was studied in R/F rats, inoculated with the Schmidt‐Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SR‐RSV) during the neonatal period. Lymph‐node cells (LNC) were harvested from individual animals on consecutive occasions and used in colony inhibition tests for the detection of LNC‐mediated immunity to the Rous‐specific tumor‐associated transplantation antigen (s). None of the rats tested, which had been SR‐RSV inoculated within 6 days after birth, had any demonstrable LNC‐mediated immunity when tested within 4 weeks after virus inoculation. At the same time 68% of the rats SR‐RSV‐inoculated at a higher age disclosed a clear‐cut immunity. In the former group sarcomas appeared after short latency periods (average 5 weeks), while the latter group developed sarcomas with long latency periods (average 11 weeks) or remained tumor‐free. Also in tests performed later after SR‐RSV‐inoculation rats remaining tumor‐free or developing very late tumors tended to develop an LNC‐mediated immunity more rapidly than rats with tumors appearing earlier. The majority of both tumor‐positive and tumor‐negative animals developed at some time an LNC‐mediated immunity, which often persisted for several months in negative animals but sometimes disappeared in rats with a large tumor burden. The results indicate that the kinetics of the LNC‐mediated antitumor immune response can be of importance for the development of primary Rous sarcomas.
Cell‐mediated immune reaction against tumors induced by oncornaviruses. III. Studies by mixed lymphocyte—tumor reaction
Authors: Senik A. , Gomard E. , Plata F. , Levy J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA one way mixed lymphocyte—tumor‐cell reaction (MLTR)‐was applied to the study of anti‐tumor cell‐mediated immunity in MSV‐infected mice. No stimulation of normal, non‐immune lymphocytes by tumor cells was observed. Lymphoid cells which can be stimulated in vitro by various tumor cells of the same antigenic specificity as MSV‐induced tumor cells were detected in the spleen and lymph nodes of MSV‐infected mice. These “responder cells” were only found before the appearance of the tumor, and at a time (3 to 7 days after MSV inoculation) when no cytotoxic cells can be detected in the chromium‐51 release test (CRT). The reactivity of responder cells declines rapidly and remains undetectable thereafter, both when palpable tumors and cytotoxic cells are present and after tumor rejection, when none or very few CRT‐killer cells are active. An inverse relationship between responder cells in MLTR and killer cells in CRT was also detected after allogeneic immunization; its significance is briefly discussed.
Effect of BCG on delayed hypersensitivity responses of patients with neoplastic disease
Authors: Sokal Joseph E. , Aungst C. William , Han Tin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBCG is a potent immunologic stimulant which can increase cellular immune responses generally, as well as induce sensitivity to tuberculin. A single BCG vaccination induced significant increases in delayed hypersensitivity responses of patients whose neoplastic disease was under good control. Repeated vaccinations exerted cumulative effects, and very substantial increases in delayed skin test responses to a battery of antigens were seen in some groups of patients. The major determinant of responsiveness to these effects of BCG was the status of the neoplastic disease. Patients with uncontrolled, actively progressing disease showed little immunologic response to BCG vaccination.
Ultrastructural effects of N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea on the tracheobronchial epithelium of the Syrian Golden hamster
Authors: Harris Curtis C. , Kaufman David G. , Sporn Michael B. , Smith Joseph M. , Jackson Frank , Saffiotti Umberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen intratracheal instillations of N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (NMU) caused squamous metaplastic and neoplastic changes in the tracheobronchial epithelium. Abnormal squamous metaplastic cells contained enlarged nuclei deeply indented by cytoplasmic invaginations, pleomorphic nucleoli, filamentous granules and many cytoplasmic fibrils. Prior to the appearance of tumors, autoradiograms revealed cells preparing for division, first in basal and then in all layers of the abnormal squamous metaplastic epithelium. Defects in the basement lamina were found in squamous metaplastic lesions. The ultrastructural changes in the tracheobronchial epithelium were similar to those described in hamsters exposed to benzo[a]pyrene‐ferric oxide as well as to those described in smoking dogs and in human bronchogenic carcinoma. The squamous metaplastic changes induced by NMU were clearly distinguishable from squamous metaplasia found in vitamin‐A deficiency.
An evaluation of the TNM classification in cancer of the breast
Authors: Phillips A. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA prospective 5‐year clinical trial was conducted by the National Cancer Institute of Canada to assess the TNM classification for breast cancer proposed by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC). The study period was 1960–1964 with a 5‐year follow‐up on all cases. Excluding those with distant metastases (59), lost to follow‐up (14), and incomplete data (97) there are 1,347 cases in the study. The clinical data recorded covered the size of the primary tumour and involvement of skin and underlying structures. Tumours less than 5 cm in diameter but with varying degrees of nodal involvement accounted for 66.1% of the total while 56.6% had no palpable axillary nodes. Only 1.4% of all cases had clinical evidence of involvement of supraclavicular or infra‐clavicular nodes. These proportions are significantly different from those reported for retrospective studies. This study shows that the survived of patients is related to the size of the tumour, the presence of skin fixation and the degree of nodal involvement. There does not appear to be a relationship with involvement of the pectoral muscle. The determination of whether or not involved axillary nodes contain growth is difficult— the study shows that 39.1% of cases with no palpable nodes had positive histology. The survival rate for certain categories of cases did not fit the stage groupings proposed by the UICC and possible explanations for these variations are presented. No relationship could be found between involvement of the pectoral muscle, based on clinical assessment, and prognosis.
Pilot experiments with EB virus in owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus). I. Reticuloproliferative disease in an inoculated animal
Authors: Epstein M. A. , Hunt R. D. , Rabin H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pilot experiment is described in which EB virus‐containing cultured lymphoblasts were inoculated into a group of three adult owl monkeys. Virion‐free cells were inoculated into three other monkeys, and four further animals were kept as uninoculated controls. One of the animals receiving the virus died after 14 weeks with a striking reticulopro‐liferative disease very compatible with certain forms of malignant lymphoma. The findings are described and their significance considered in relation to a possible onocgenic capacity for EB virus.
Pilot experiments with EB virus in owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus). II. EB virus in a cell line from an animal with reticuloproliferative disease
Authors: Epstein M. A. , Rabin H. , Ball G. , Rlckinson A. B. , Jarvis J. , Meléndez L. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA continuous cell line has been established in culture from a pathological lymph node of an owl monkey with reticuloproliferative disease after inoculation with EB virus. The cells grow in suspension in clumps or as single individuals and show the characteristic features of lymphoblasts with some differentiation to reticulum cells; their karyotype is typical of one sub‐species of owl monkey. A herpes virus has been found in the cells and has been identified as EB virus in two types of immunofluorescence test using two different specific antisera; this identification was confirmed by the ability of the virus to transform normal human cord‐blood lymphocytes and make them grow as a continuous cell line. Infection by a carcinogenic simian virus, herpesvirus saimiri, has been excluded by tests for neutralizing antibodies and virus growth in susceptible cells. The continuous growth of the monkey cells, the presence in them of EB virus, and the possible relationship of the virus to the original reticuloproliferative disease of the inoculated monkey, are considered and discussed.