bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor lipids: Carbon number distribution of triglycerides and glyceryl ether diesters
Authors: Wood Randall , Harlow R. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTriglycerides and glyceryl ether diesters were isolated from a number of transplantable rat and mouse tumors and analyzed intact by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The carbon number distributions of the triglycerides were distinctly different from those of the glyceryl ether diesters. Both glyceride classes contained abnormally high molecular weight species. The data support earlier evidence that indicated diglycerides used for the biosynthesis of phosphatides are also precursors of triglycerides in neoplasms. Glycerides isolated from three centrifuged fractions of Ehrlich ascites cells exhibited similar carbon number distributions. The results indicate a random distribution of triglyceride and glyceryl ether diester molecular species among cellular organeiles. Triglycerides, glyceryl ether diesters and neutral plasmalogens of the same carbon number were partially resolved by GLC.
Identification and characterization of fully deuterated fatty acids isolated fromScenedesmus obliquus cultured in deuterium oxide
Authors: Graff Gustav , Szczepanik Patricia , Klein Peter D. , Chipault J. R. , Holman Ralph T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe algaScenedesmus obliquus cultured in deuterated water, synthesized fully deuterated saturated and unsaturated long chain fatty acids. Their methyl esters were purified and their equivalent chain lengths were determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). They were characterized by mass spectroscopy, IR and near‐IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Hexadeca‐3,6‐dienoic acid was identified. The fatty acid compositions of the total lipid and of individual lipid classes were measured. The melting point of methyl perdeuteriohexadecanoate was lower than that of its hydrogen counterpart. Methyl esters of perdeuterio fatty acids had shorter retention times in GLC chromatography on polar and nonpolar phases.
Inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis and myelin formation
Authors: Smith Marion Edmonds , Hasinoff Catherine M. , Fumagalli Remo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis AY 9944 and 20,25 diazacholesterol were administered by stomach tube to suckling rats in varying doses during the time of rapid myelination (15–22 days of age). Purified myelin was prepared from the brains and spinal cords, and the sterol content analyzed. Up to 50% of the myelin sterol consisted of desmosterol in rats treated with 20,25 diazacholesterol, while 7‐dehydrocholesterol comprised at least one third of the myelin sterol in rats administered AY 9944. Myelin from rats treated with both compounds contained desmosterol, 7‐dehydrocholesterol, Δ5,7,24 cholestatriene‐3‐β‐ol and an unknown sterol, the four comprising about 45% of the total sterol. The proportion of phospholipid: galactolipid‐total sterol in myelin from the drug‐treated rats was not significantly different from the normal, although much less myelin was recovered. Brain and spinal cord slices from 22 to 25‐day rats pretreated with inhibitors showed decreased uptake of U‐14C‐glucose into all myelin components. The decreased uptake was approximately proportional in all lipids and the protein was also affected. It is proposed that myelin composition is fixed, and that a deficiency of one of the lipid components will limit the assembly of the whole lipid portion of the membrane.
The positional distribution of fatty acids in the phospholipids and triglycerides ofMycobacterium smegmatis andM. bovis BCG
Authors: Walker R. W. , Barakat H. , Hung J. G. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPosition 1 of the phospholipid and triglyceride fractions isolated fromMycobacterium smegmatis andM. bovis BCG was esterified principally with C18 related fatty acids (18∶0, 18∶1 and 19Br). Position 2 was occupied principally by C16 fatty acids. The third position of the triglycerides was esterified with a preponderance of C20+fatty acids. Seventysix per cent of position 3 fatty acids in BCG and 43% inM. smegmatis triglycerides contained fatty acids of greater than 20 carbon atoms.
Dietary induced alterations in the fatty acids of rat bone marrow
Authors: Elson C. E. , Voichick Sarah J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWeanling rats were fed fat free diets supplemented with 10% added fatty acids so that dietary effects on bone marrow fatty acids could be determined. The addition or deletion of linoleic acid from the fatty acid supplement resulted in alterations of the fatty acid patterns of bone marrow lipids but to a lesser degree than in erythrocyte lipids. With myristic acid supplementation, increased amounts of stearic acid were found in the lipid fractions, the difference between the bone marrow and erythrocyte lipids being less marked than when linoleic acid was fed. The activities of the bone marrow lipases varied with the dietary treatment. When linoleic acid was fed, higher rates of hydrolysis were observed with saturated fatty acid substrates. The reverse occurred when saturated fatty acids were fed.
Incubation of human fecal homogenates with 4‐14C‐cholesterol
Authors: Wood Peter D. S. , Hatoff David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFresh fecal homogenates from nine subjects consuming solid diets have been incubated for seven days at 37 C with 4‐14C‐cholesterol. One series of incubations was conducted under nitrogen, another under air. The extent of bacterial modification of cholesterol to known fecal metabolites varied considerably among the subjects, as expected, but when present such bacteria were shown to be highly active in the conditions used. Production of14CO2 was essentially zero in all incubations. Recovery of added14C from the incubated homogenates following extraction with chloroformmethanol (2∶1 v/v) and evaporation to dryness was quantitative in all cases. About 4% of the labeled cholesterol added appeared to be present in acidic components following incubation. It is concluded that in the incubation system used vigorous bacterial conversion of 4‐14C‐cholesterol to metabolites known to be produced in the human intestine could occur readily, in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. However, CO2 or other small, relatively volatile fragments labeled with14C could not be detected.
Sphingolipid metabolism II. The biosynthesis of 3‐keto‐dihydrosphingosine by a partially‐purified enzyme from rat brain
Authors: Kanfer Julian N. , Bates Susan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA condensation reaction between serine and palmitoyl CoA by a partially‐purified enzyme from rat brain is described. The product of the reaction, 3‐keto‐dihydrosphingosine is characterized by the conversion to several derivatives. The addition of EDTA to the incubation mixture results in inhibition of the conversion of serine to phospholipid, with the result that 3‐keto‐dihydro‐sphingosine is the sole product.
The synthesis of14C‐ and3H‐labeled glycerol ethers
Authors: Oswald Edward O. , Piantadosi Claude , Anderson Carl E. , Snyder Fred 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe racemic14C‐and3H‐labeled alpha and beta derivatives of octadecyl glycerol ether (batyl alcohol) and of hexadecyl glycerol ether (chimyl alcohol) of high specific activity were synthesized by treating the appropriate alkyl halides with a large excess of the potassium salts of isopropylidene or benzylidene glycerol. By use of the trifluoroacetic anhydride esterification procedure, the labeled diesters of alpha and beta octadecyl and hexadecyl glycerol ethers were prepared. The labeled monoesters of beta octadecyl and of beta hexadecyl glycerol ethers were isolated from the reaction mixtures by silicic acid column chromatography.
Pyrolysis chromatography of lipids. I. Mass spectrometric identification of pyrolysis products of hydrocarbons
Authors: Holman Ralph T. , Deubig Manfred , Hayes Herbert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe products of pyrolysis at 600C of normal paraffins C10−C18, 2‐methyl octadecane, 4‐methyl octadecane, 6‐methyl octadecane, cyclohexyl decane, cyclopentyl decane, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8‐heptamethyl nonane, pristane and phytane were studied by means of a pyrolysis gas chromatograph directly coupled to a mass spectrometer. n‐Paraffins yield a homologous series of n‐olefins. Branched paraffins yield two homologous series, one of n‐olefins and one of branched olefins. The n‐olefin corresponding to the position of the branch is not formed. Interpretation of pyrolograms is similar in principle to the interpretation of mass spectra.
Stereochemistry of α‐parinaric acid fromImpatiens edgeworthii seed oil
Authors: Bagby M. O. , Smith C. R. , Wolff I. A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstractα‐Parinaric acid is a major constituent fatty acid (48%) fromImpatiens edgeworthii Hook F. seed oil. Partial hydrazine reduction of the tetraene gave products which permit defining the stereochemistry of α‐parinaric acid. Its structure iscis‐9,trans‐11,trans‐13,cis‐15‐octadecatetraenoic acid. The tetraene readily reacts with maleic anhydride to give the Diels‐Alder product with notrans‐unsaturation. The formation of this adduct is contrary to previous reports.
Isolation and characterization of glycerides in human hair lipids by thin‐layer and gas chromatography
Authors: Singh Eric J. , Gershbein Leon L. , O'Neill Hugh J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTechniques for the quantitative analysis of hair lipids using thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) together with a proximate analysis of components in one sample deduced by these criteria are presented. Mono‐, di‐ and triglycerides were separated by TLC using Silica Gel G as adsorbent. The chromatoplates were developed with 98% acetone+2% petroleum ether. Glycerides moved with the solvent front. The requisite portions were scraped off the plates and extracted with acetone and ether. Further TLC, limiting the migration of triglycerides and diglycerides was afforded by use of 95% ethanol as solvent in one direction while monoglycerides moved with the solvent front. For the separation of monoglycerides, chloroform was used as solvent in a second direction. Reference standards and several mixtures were run simultaneously and the spots identified by charring with concentrated sulfuric acid containing dichromate. Additional checking was effected by IR spectra. For determination of glyceride composition, methyl esters of the component fatty acids were prepared by transesterification and submitted to gas chromatography. Comparison of the levels of each of the constituent fatty acids showed no remarkable differences between the three classes of glycerides in one hair lipid pool. Although certain discrepancies in the amounts of a few fatty acid components might be construed for one pool of lipids from hair of white full‐headed men (WF‐9A) in contrast to findings with two Negro pools, no unequivocal conclusions can be drawn presently.
Quinones and quinols as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation
Authors: Mellors A. , Tappel A. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe influence of biological quinonoid compounds upon oxidative polymerization of lipids has been compared with that of simple quinones and antioxidants. A new procedure for the accelerated production and measurement of oxidative polymerization was used for this comparison. The biological quinones were found to be relatively ineffective as retarders of oxidative polymerization. Heme‐catalyzed lipid peroxidation, as measured by oxygen uptake, was inhibited by ubiquinone and ubiquinol, both having about one fourth of the antioxidant capacity ofa‐tocopherol. The peroxidation of mitochondrial lipid in vitro was inhibited by the presence of exogenous ubiquinone indicating that this compound may contribute towards the protection of the organelle in vivo.
Fatty acid composition of phospholipids in different regions of developing human fetal brain
Authors: Srinivasa Rao P. , Subba Rao K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of total phospholipids in different regions, viz., cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata, of developing human fetal brain was studied. All the brains analyzed in the present investigations were obtained from fetuses whose mothers belonged to the poor socioeconomic section of the population. Palmitic, oleic and stearic acids were found to be the dominant fatty acids, and the pattern was similar in all regions of the brain studied between the ages of 22 and 35 weeks. However at birth there appeared to be an increase in polyenoic acids at the expense of lower chain fatty acids, and these changes were of relatively higher magnitude in the cerebellum than in other regions studied. These changes, in terms of increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids near full term, coincided well with the already observed timing of an overall growth spurt of the brain a few weeks preceding birth.
Preferential labeling of phosphatidylcholine during phospholipid synthesis by bovine mammary tissue
Authors: Kinsella J. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBovine mammary cells and tissue synthesize de novo the classes of phospholipids, found in mammary tissue and milk, from various precursor molecules. Several short term experiments were carried out in vitro, using labeled precursors, i.e., 1‐14C‐fatty acids; 2‐14C‐acetate; U‐14C‐glycerol; 1,2‐14C‐choline; 1,2‐14C‐ethanolamine; 2‐14C‐serine; and Me‐14C‐methionine. All the phospholipid classes were labeled. The specific activity of tissue phosphatidylcholine was consistently three to six‐fold greater than that of phosphatidylethanolamine. The results indicated that stepwise methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine with labeled methyl group of methionine was occurring to a minor extent, as was a negligible amount of choline exchange. Serine was incorporated into phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. Significant quantities of labeled phosphatidylserine were decarboxylated to phosphatidylethanolamine. Apparently phosphatidylcholine was synthesized de novo from choline via phosphorylcholine and CDP‐choline. Based on the present observations and other data, it is suggested that there may be two pools of phosphatidylcholine in lactating mammary cells.
Fatty acid composition of free ceramides of kidney and cerebellum from a patient with Farber's disease
Authors: Sugita M. , Connolly P. , Dulaney J. T. , Moser H. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of ceramides has been determined in kidney and cerebellum of a patient with Farber's disease, which is characterized by ceramidase deficiency. Farber cerebellum and kidney contained a five‐ and ten‐fold excess, respectively, of free ceramides. The nonhydroxy fatty acid patterns of the ceramides from Farber kidney and cerebellum showed considerable similarities to those from control tissues, whereas large amounts of ceramides containing hydroxy fatty acids are found in Farber's disease tissues.
Cyclopropenoic acids ofPavonia sepium seed oil
Authors: Madrigal R. V. , Smith C. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe seed oil ofPavonia sepium (Malvaceae) contains sterculic (7%) and malvalic (4%) acids. Countercurrent distribution in a hexane‐acetonitrile system concentrated and resolved the homologus cyclopropenoid methyl esters. Reductive ozonolysis of selected countercurrent distribution fractions gave β‐diketoesters, which were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry as derivatives of sterculic and malvalic acids.Pavonia sepium is the first known species in the plant family Malvaceae whose seed oil contains more sterculic than malvalic acid.
Incorporation of [1‐14C]‐oleic acid into neutral glycerides and phosphoglycerides of mouse brain
Authors: Yau T. M. , Sun G. Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe incorporation of [1‐14C]‐oleic acid into the neutral glycerides and phosphoglycerides of adult mouse brain was examined between 1 and 80 min after intracerebral injection. Radioactivity of the free oleic acid in brain decreased rapidly with a half‐life of ca. 5 min. The specific radioactivity of the phosphatidic acids was highest at 1 min after injection. This was followed by the diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols which attained a maximum specific radioactivity at 3 and 20 min after injection, respectively. Specific radioactivities of the neutral glycerides were higher than the phosphoglycerides. A larger proportion of the radioactivity in the diacylglycerols was transferred to the phosphoglycerides than to the triacylglycerols. Among the phosphoglycerides, radioactivity was actively incorporated into the inositol phosphoglycerides. The specific radioactivity of the inositol phosphoglycerides was higher than the diacylsn‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylcholines, and the kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into these lipids was also different. A water soluble material was found which showed maximum specific radioactivity at 6–10 min after injection. The properties of this water soluble material suggested that it may be an intermediate involved in the acyl group metabolism of phosphoglycerides in brain.
Preparation and characterization of mouse intestinal phospholipase
Authors: Ottolenghi Athos 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPhospholipase has been prepared in a stable, partially purified form from the small intestine of mice infected with the tapewormHymenolepis nana. The enzyme(s) attacks diacylphosphatides with liberation of free fatty acids and a corresponding decrease in phospholipid phosphorus, without accumulation of lysophosphatides. The reactivity with various substrates is strongly influenced by their physical state, the presence of other lipids, proteins or detergents. The phospholipids of some biomembranes (mitochondria, microsomes, red cell ghosts) are readily hydrolyzed under customary reaction conditions. The ensuing biochemical, morphological and functional alterations have been documented. In contrast, the diacylphospholipids of the cell membrane (intact erythrocytes,Pseudomonas aerunginosa) are not accessible to phospholipase action unless some alteration of the integrity of the cell is induced by physical or chemical means (hemolysis, polymyxin). The enzyme is proposed as a tool for the investigation of biomembranes and as a model for the study of phospholipase activity.
High phospholipase content of intestines of mice infected withHymenolepis nana
Authors: Ottolenghi Athos 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInfection with the tapewormHymenolepis nana results in the presence of very high amounts of phospholipase in the small intestine of the mouse. The time course and location of this response and its changes following treatment with anti‐inflammatory and antiparasitic agents indicate that the enzyme accumulation is part of the reaction of the host to parasitic invasion.
AY‐9944 inhibition of sterol biosynthesis inChlorella emersonii
Authors: Dickson Leal G. , Patterson Glenn W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhenChlorella emersonii, a green alga, was cultured in the presence of 20 ppm AY‐9944, a number of sterols accumulated which appear to be intermediates of sterol biosynthesis in this organism. The sterols isolated include 14α‐methyl‐ergost‐8‐en‐3β‐ol, 14α‐methyl 24S‐stigmast‐8‐en‐3β‐ol, 14α‐methyl ergosta‐8,24(28)‐dien‐3β‐ol and 4α, 14α‐dimethyl 24S‐stigmast‐8‐en‐3β‐ol. Smaller quantities of several other sterols were found in addition to the normally occurring Δ7, chondrillasterol and Δ7. Control cultures were found to contain, in addition to the normally occurring sterols, smaller quantities of most of the sterols isolated from AY‐9944 inhibited cultures. AY‐9944 is a specific inhibitor of Δ7 in cholesterol biosynthesis in animals. However, sinceC. emersonii terminates sterol biosynthesis one step prior to the Δ7 step, AY‐9944 apparently inhibits sterol biosynthesis prior to this step in this organism. The accumulation of 14α‐methyl sterols in treated cultures suggests that AY‐9944 is an effective inhibitor of the 14α‐methyl removal inC. emersonii.
Acetyl carnitine formation in rat heart
Authors: Vahouny G. V. , D'Amato P. H. , Rodis S. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe comparative incorporation of acetate into long chain fatty acids and acetyl carnitine by cell‐free preparations of rat heart has been investigated. Whereas the addition of 1 mM carnitine stimulated (45%) fatty acid synthesis by liver preparations in citrate‐containing media, fatty acid synthesis from acetate in rat heart homogenates under the same incubation conditions was markedly depressed. This depression by carnitine of acetate incorporation into long chain fatty acids in 105,000 × g soluble fractions of heart was associated with increased acetyl carnitine formation. Thus in heart tissue acetyl CoA is effectively shuttled into acetyl carnitine and is unavailable for synthesis of fatty acids. These data are in agreement with results obtained earlier in studies with perfused rat heart. A similar conversion of added acetyl CoA to the carntine derivative occurred when labeled malonyl CoA was used as fatty acid precursor, again resulting in reduced fatty acid synthesis. It was shown by direct measurement that acetyl carnitine formation in the absence of carnitine was greatest in heart mitochondria and least in microsomes. In the presence of carnitine, acetyl carnitine formation was increased in all subcellular fractions, with the greatest change again occurring with mitochondria.
Isolation of brassicasterol from steam deodorizer distillate of rapeseed oil: Some properties of its acetate tetrabromide and its reduction to 22,23‐dihydrobrassicasterol
Authors: Hircher H. W. , Rosenstein F. U. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBrassicasterol (5,22‐ergostadien‐3β‐ol) was isolated from the steam deodorizer distillate of rapeseed oil and purified by acetylation, bromination, chromatography on 20% AgNO3/SiO2 columns and hydrolysis. Brassicasteryl and stigmasteryl (5,22‐stigmastadien‐3β‐ol) acetates were brominated, and the yields of products and solubilities of the tetrabromides from the two steryl acetates were compared. Stigmasteryl acetate tetrabromide is less soluble than the corresponding brassicasteryl derivative; yet the latter precipitates selectively during bromination of a mixture of the two steryl acetates. This is explained on the basis of the stereochemistry of the bromine atoms in the side chains of the two steryl acetate tetrabromides. Hydrogenation of brassicasteryl acetate over Raney nickel gave the 22,23‐dihydro derivative in excellent yield. The latter was separated from small amounts of ergostanyl acetate on a 20% AgNO3/SiO2 column.
Use of a bile duct T‐cannula as a new technique for studying bile acid turnover in the rat
Authors: Klauda H. C. , McGovern R. F. , Quackenbush F. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new technique using T‐cannulated bile ducts has been developed for studying bile acid turnover in the rat by isotope dilution. Applicability of this technique to study the effect of diet on cholate and chenodeoxycholate metabolism is suggested. In tests with the method, the rate of cholate synthesis for rats fed colony diet was twice that for rats fed semisynthetic diet. When sodium glycocholate was fed in the latter diet the half‐life of cholate decreased; the secretion rate of deoxycholate and cholate increased without affecting chenodeoxycholate. Although curves for cholate log specific activity vs. time were linear, those obtained simultaneously for chenodeoxycholate were nonlinear. A double exponential curve was obtained for chenodeoxycholate of colony‐fed rats. Separation of free deoxycholate and chenodeoxycholate was improved through continuous development thin layer chromatography.