bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Atomically Dispersed Non‐noble Metal Catalysts for Electrochemical Two‐electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhang Shengbo , Zhang Haimin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) has emerged as an efficient route to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under ambient conditions, being a promising alternative to the traditional energy‐intensive anthraquinone process and direct synthesis route using H2 and O2. However, this 2e− ORR process still requires highly efficient electrocatalysts to adsorb and activate O2 with two‐electron reaction pathway. Among all investigated 2e− ORR electrocatalysts to date, non‐noble metal single atom catalysts (SACs) with tunable electronic structure and different coordination structures manifest great potential in controlling ORR pathway to obtain high‐efficiency H2O2 production. In this review, recent advances and achievements in tuning non‐noble metal SACs for selective 2e− ORR to H2O2 are systematically summarized. Especially, the strategies to effectively regulate the catalytic active sites of non‐noble metal SACs for optimizing the binding strength of key oxygenated intermediates during 2e− ORR are emphatically exhibited and reviewed. Finally, we also point out the challenges and outlooks about the development of non‐noble metal SACs in H2O2 electrosynthesis and the diverse utilization of in‐situ formed H2O2 for biomass upgrading. This review would be helpful to guide the design and development of efficient SACs for electrochemical 2e− ORR to H2O2 under ambient conditions.
Pioneering the direct large‐scale laser printing of flexible “graphenic silicon” self‐standing thin films as ultrahigh‐performance lithium‐ion battery anodes
Authors: Kothuru Avinash , Cohen Adam , Daffan Gil , Juhl Yonatan , Patolsky Fernando 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent technological advancements, such as portable electronics and electric vehicles, have created a pressing need for more efficient energy storage solutions. Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been the preferred choice for these applications, with graphite being the standard anode material due to its stability. However, graphite falls short of meeting the growing demand for higher energy density, possessing a theoretical capacity that lags behind. To address this, researchers are actively seeking alternative materials to replace graphite in commercial batteries. One promising avenue involves lithium‐alloying materials like silicon and phosphorus, which offer high theoretical capacities. Carbon–silicon composites have emerged as a viable option, showing improved capacity and performance over traditional graphite or pure silicon anodes. Yet, the existing methods for synthesizing these composites remain complex, energy‐intensive, and costly, preventing widespread adoption. A groundbreaking approach is presented here: the use of a laser writing strategy to rapidly transform common organic carbon precursors and silicon blends into efficient “graphenic silicon” composite thin films. These films exhibit exceptional structural and energy storage properties. The resulting three‐dimensional porous composite anodes showcase impressive attributes, including ultrahigh silicon content, remarkable cyclic stability (over 4500 cycles with ∼40% retention), rapid charging rates (up to 10 A g−1), substantial areal capacity (>5.1 mAh cm−2), and excellent gravimetric capacity (>2400 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1). This strategy marks a significant step toward the scalable production of high‐performance LIB materials. Leveraging widely available, cost‐effective precursors, the laser‐printed “graphenic silicon” composites demonstrate unparalleled performance, potentially streamlining anode production while maintaining exceptional capabilities. This innovation not only paves the way for advanced LIBs but also sets a precedent for transforming various materials into high‐performing electrodes, promising reduced complexity and cost in battery production.
Bright Fluorescent p‐Phenylene‐bridged Triarylmethyl Highly Stable Diradical
Authors: Hattori Yohei , Yamamoto Kohei , Kitajima Ryota , Uchida Kingo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTwo units of highly stable luminescent triarylmethyl radical, (3,5‐dichloro‐4‐pyridyl)bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (PyBTM), were bridged by p‐phenylene linker. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of PyBTM−PhPyBTM was at most 0.4 % in various organic solvents. Adding two mesityl groups on the terminals did not improve the PLQY. In the MesPyBTM−PhPyBTM−Mes, the mesityl group did not worked as an electron donor unlike the previously reported monoradical MesPyBTM. However, adding two n‐hexyl groups on the bridging p‐phenylene did greatly improve it, and the PLQY of the PyBTM−(Hex2Ph)PyBTM was 7 % in dichloromethane and acetone, and 12 % in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film. Twisting p‐phenylene linker by hexyl groups hindered the π‐conjugation and suppressed the non‐radiative decay of the excited state.
On Haptotropic Rearrangements of Diphosphene and Diarsene Ligands in Titanium Complexes
Authors: Petrov Andrey , Wellnitz Tim , Hennersdorf Felix , Reiß Fabian , Hering‐Junghans Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDipnictenes of the type RE=ER (E=P, As, Sb, Bi) are the isovalence electronic heavier analogs of alkenes. Although diphosphenes and dipnictenes in general show a variety of binding modes in metal complexes, little is known about haptotropic shift reactions involving these ligands. Herein, we report an unprecedented η2 to η1 rearrangement of the dipnictene ligands in titanocene complexes of the type Cp2Ti(Pn2Ar2) (Pn=P, As; Ar=2,4,6‐Me3‐C6H2, Mes; 2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3, Dip; 2,4,6‐iPr3‐C6H2, Tip), initiated by Lewis basic ligands (L=MeCN, PMe3, AdNC, CO). In the presence of L the dipnictene ligand changes its hapticity from η2 to η1 and complexes of the general form Cp2Ti(L)(Pn2Ar2) with a succinctly different electronic structure are obtained. Electronically, the new complexes are best described as biradicaloids with antiferromagnetically coupled (via a π‐bond) [Cp2TiIII]⋅+ and [Pn2Ar2]⋅− fragments. However, the biradical character of these systems is affected by the electronic features of the co‐ligand and significantly decreases moving from PMe3/MeCN (σ‐donors) to CNAd/CO (σ‐donors/π‐acceptors).
A DNA Force Circuit for Exploring Protein‐Protein Interactions at the Single‐Molecule Level†
Authors: Ma Kangkang , Xiong Luoan , Wang Zhuofei , Hu Xin , Qu Lihua , Zhao Xuetong , Li Yao , Yu Zhongbo 
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive SummaryProtein‐protein interactions (PPIs) play a crucial role in drug discovery and disease treatment. However, the development of effective drugs targeting PPIs remains challenging due to limited methodologies for probing their spatiotemporal anisotropy. Here, we propose a single‐molecule approach using a unique force circuit to investigate PPI dynamics and anisotropy under mechanical forces. Unlike conventional techniques, this approach enables the manipulation and real‐time monitoring of individual proteins at specific amino acids with defined geometry, offering insights into molecular mechanisms at the single‐molecule level. The DNA force circuit was constructed using click chemistry conjugation methods and genetic code expansion techniques, facilitating orthogonal conjugation between proteins and nucleic acids. The SET domain of the MLL1 protein and the tail of histone H3 were used as a model system to demonstrate the application of the DNA force circuit. With the use of atomic force microscopy and magnetic tweezers, optimized assembly procedures were developed. The DNA force circuit provides an exceptional platform for studying the anisotropy of PPIs and holds promise for advancing drug discovery research targeted at PPIs.
Impact of prior cancer history on survival in brain malignancy: A propensity score‐adjusted, population‐based study
Authors: Ebad Ur Rehman Mohammad , Faraz Fatima , Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad , Ashruf Omer S. , Raheel Hamna , Naqvi Syeda Zainab Ali , Jabeen Nimrah , Abid Areesha , Mumtaz Malik Haris , Iftikhar Ahmad , Ibrahim Ahmed , Swed Sarya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with a Prior Cancer History (PCH) are often excluded from clinical trials. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that prior cancer history does not present adverse outcomes on cancer patients. The evidence on the survival of brain cancer patients in this regard remains widely unknown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate the prevalence and impact of prior cancer on survival of patients diagnosed with brain cancer. Data of patients who were diagnosed with brain cancer as their first or second primary malignancy between 2000 and 2019 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to ensure comparable baseline characteristics among the patients. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method, as well as multivariate Cox proportional hazard and multivariate competing risk models.ResultsOut of 42 726 patients, 1189 (2.78%) had PCH. Genitourinary (40.4%), Breast (13.6%), Hematologic and Lymphatic (11.4%), and Gastrointestinal malignancies (11.3%) were the most common types of prior cancer. PCH served as a significant risk factor for Overall Survival (OS) (Adjusted Hazard Ratio [AHR] 1.26; 95% CI [1.15–1.39]; p < .001) but did not have a statistically significant impact on Brain Cancer‐Specific Survival (BCSS) (AHR 0.97; 95% CI [0.88–1.07]; p = .54). Glioblastoma exhibited the most substantial and statistically significant impact on survival as compared to other histological types. Of all the organs systems, only prior Gastrointestinal and Hematologic and Lymphatic malignancies had a statistically significant impact on OS of patients.ConclusionOur findings indicate that PCH does not exert a substantial impact on the survival of brain cancer patients, except in cases involving gastrointestinal or hematologic and lymphatic PCH, or when the brain cancer is glioblastoma.
Bioequivalence Between a New Omalizumab Prefilled Syringe With an Autoinjector or with a Needle Safety Device Compared with the Current Prefilled Syringe: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Sangana Ramachandra , Xu Yan , Shah Bharti , Tian Xianbin , Zack Julia , Shakeri‐Nejad Kasra , Kalluri Sampath , Jones Ieuan , Ligueros‐Saylan Monica , Taylor Angel Fowler , Jain Devendra Kumar , Scosyrev Emil , Uddin Alkaz , Laurent Nathalie , Paganoni Paola 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOmalizumab is an anti‐IgE monoclonal antibody currently approved for the treatment of asthma, nasal polyps/chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Omalizumab is available as an injection in a prefilled syringe (PFS) with a needle safety device (NSD). New product configurations were developed to reduce the number of injections per dose administration, improve patient convenience and treatment compliance. The objective of this randomized open‐label 12‐week study was to demonstrate pharmacokinetic bioequivalence between (1) new PFS with autoinjector (PFS‐AI), (2) new PFS‐NSD configuration, and (3) current PFS‐NSD configuration. Each new configuration was considered bioequivalent to the current configuration if the confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric mean ratios (GMR) were contained in the 0.80‐1.25 range for maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration‐time curve until the last quantifiable measurement (AUClast), and AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf). Safety was assessed throughout the study. In total, 193 healthy volunteers were randomized at 1:1:1 ratio to omalizumab 1×300 mg/2 mL via new PFS‐AI (n = 66), omalizumab 1×300 mg/2 mL via new PFS‐NSD (n = 64), or omalizumab 2×150 mg/1 mL via current PFS‐NSD (n = 63). Comparing new PFS‐AI versus current PFS‐NSD, the GMRs were: Cmax, 1.085; AUClast, 1.093; AUCinf, 1.100. Comparing new PFS‐NSD versus current PFS‐NSD, the GMRs were: Cmax, 1.006; AUClast, 1.016; AUCinf, 1.027. The 95% CIs for all GMR parameters were contained within the 0.80‐1.25 range. Safety findings were consistent with the known safety profile of omalizumab. Single‐dose omalizumab administered as the new PFS‐AI or new PFS‐NSD was bioequivalent to the current PFS‐NSD.
Using leaf micromorphology to characterize Iranian species of Ribes (Grossulariaceae)
Authors: Rezaee Chamanie Kosar , Beygom Faghir Marzieh , Mahmoodi Mohammad , Kazempour Osaloo Shahrokh , Moradi Aiuob 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis electron microscope study investigated the micromorphological characteristics of the leaf epidermis of 5 species (10 populations) of Ribes (Grossulariaceae) in Iran: R. biebersteinii, R. uva‐crispa, R. orientale, R. aureum, and R. khorasanicum. Samples were collected and identified, and the similarities between the species were evaluated using information from micromorphological traits of leaf epidermis and multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and principal component analysis). The traits useful for discriminating the species were presence or absence of hairs and glandular trichomes, presence or absence of granular with verrucae on hair surface, position of hairs on epidermal surface, hair location on the leaf (lamina, leaf margin, midrib), stomata shape, wax distribution on stomata, prominence and shape of anticlinal walls and outer periclinal layer, and epicuticular wax sculpturing. An identification key based on these leaf micromorphological characters is provided for Ribes species in Iran. The multivariate analysis of micromorphological traits was efficient for inter‐ and intra‐specific delimitation. The present findings correspond to a large extent with existing classifications.
BrainAGE: Revisited and reframed machine learning workflow
Authors: Kalc Polona , Dahnke Robert , Hoffstaedter Felix , Gaser Christian ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince the introduction of the BrainAGE method, novel machine learning methods for brain age prediction have continued to emerge. The idea of estimating the chronological age from magnetic resonance images proved to be an interesting field of research due to the relative simplicity of its interpretation and its potential use as a biomarker of brain health. We revised our previous BrainAGE approach, originally utilising relevance vector regression (RVR), and substituted it with Gaussian process regression (GPR), which enables more stable processing of larger datasets, such as the UK Biobank (UKB). In addition, we extended the global BrainAGE approach to regional BrainAGE, providing spatially specific scores for five brain lobes per hemisphere. We tested the performance of the new algorithms under several different conditions and investigated their validity on the ADNI and schizophrenia samples, as well as on a synthetic dataset of neocortical thinning. The results show an improved performance of the reframed global model on the UKB sample with a mean absolute error (MAE) of less than 2 years and a significant difference in BrainAGE between healthy participants and patients with Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Moreover, the workings of the algorithm show meaningful effects for a simulated neocortical atrophy dataset. The regional BrainAGE model performed well on two clinical samples, showing disease‐specific patterns for different levels of impairment. The results demonstrate that the new improved algorithms provide reliable and valid brain age estimations.
A budget impact analysis of a powered hybrid mattress to prevent pressure ulcers in the Austrian inpatient setting: An original research
Authors: Eichhober Gerald , Voit Marco , Meyer Franz , Walter Evelyn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPressure ulcer is a considerable health problem and is associated with an increased hospital length of stay (LOS), nursing effort, costs, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this analysis is to compare the economic, clinical, and nursing benefit after the implementation of the powered hybrid mattress Dyna‐Form Mercury Advance SMARTcare® in 2019 with the situation in 2017 (rental systems Arjo BariAir® and Arjo TheraKair Visio®, and purchased foam mattresses Arjo Simuflex®) using a single center.MethodsIn the framework of a budget impact analysis, a difference‐in‐difference approach was used to compare pre‐implementation longitudinal data (2017) with post‐implementation data (2019). The longitudinal data comprise the mattress resource use, patient characteristics, and LOS. The care effort was gathered based on a full survey of all 75 members of the nursing staff using the online tool “LimeSurvey.” In this survey, the resource use of the different mattress systems was identified in terms of time (minutes or days). This analysis was performed from the hospital perspective and included direct costs of mattress systems, Austrian diagnostic‐related group costs for the hospital stay and nursing staff costs for 2019.ResultsBased on 1253 patients “at‐risk,” the total yearly costs implementing the powered hybrid mattress amounts to 654,248€ compared with 901,469€ when using Arjo products. The budget impact shows a cost advantage of 247,221€. Furthermore, the powered hybrid mattress system leads to fewer nursing‐staff time in minutes per year (−1,031,097 min [1,993,204 vs. 3,024,302]); 242€ are saved per patient. Compared with the Arjo products, fewer inpatient cases of pressure ulcers (−44 cases [0 vs. 44]) were documented.ConclusionDespite the higher total outlay of costs associated with the powered hybrid mattress, the long‐term savings potential showed a significant cost advantage per annum for the single center. Therefore, the use of the hybrid mattress leads to considerable economic, clinical, and nursing benefits.
Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) in assistance to COVID‐19 diagnosis: A scoping review on types and evaluation methods
Authors: Ameri Arefeh , Ameri Atefeh , Salmanizadeh Farzad , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, a precise and reliable diagnosis of this disease is critical. The use of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can help facilitate the diagnosis of COVID‐19. This scoping review aimed to investigate the role of CDSS in diagnosing COVID‐19.MethodsWe searched four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) using three groups of keywords related to CDSS, COVID‐19, and diagnosis. To collect data from studies, we utilized a data extraction form that consisted of eight fields. Three researchers selected relevant articles and extracted data using a data collection form. To resolve any disagreements, we consulted with a fourth researcher.ResultsA search of the databases retrieved 2199 articles, of which 68 were included in this review after removing duplicates and irrelevant articles. The studies used nonknowledge‐based CDSS (n = 52) and knowledge‐based CDSS (n = 16). Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) (n = 33) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) (n = 8) were employed to design the CDSS in most of the studies. Accuracy (n = 43) and sensitivity (n = 35) were the most common metrics for evaluating CDSS.ConclusionCDSS for COVID‐19 diagnosis have been developed mainly through machine learning (ML) methods. The greater use of these techniques can be due to their availability of public data sets about chest imaging. Although these studies indicate high accuracy for CDSS based on ML, their novelty and data set biases raise questions about replacing these systems as clinician assistants in decision‐making. Further studies are needed to improve and compare the robustness and reliability of nonknowledge‐based and knowledge‐based CDSS in COVID‐19 diagnosis.
Surviving maternal sepsis: Clinical, laboratory, and treatment features
Authors: Ribeiro‐do‐Valle Carolina C. , Luz Adriana G. , Pacagnella Rodolfo C. , Cecatti José G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe clinical, laboratory, and antibiotic treatment characteristics in pregnant or recently pregnant women diagnosed with maternal sepsis.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in a Brazilian tertiary hospital from March 2014 until February 2018. The hospital implemented a Sepsis Protocol, based on the Brazilian Ministry of Health recommendation. All women who were pregnant or recently pregnant (up to 42 days postpartum), and who presented with suspected sepsis were included. Unconfirmed infections were excluded. Three hundred sixty‐five women were included and divided into three groups according to sepsis severity (SEPSIS‐2): sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Clinical, laboratory, and management characteristics were described and compared.ResultsPregnancy‐related and respiratory tract infections were the greater causes of maternal sepsis, and the urinary tract was the major cause of septic shock. We found almost total compliance with blood culture sample collection, and samples were positive in 10.8% of the cases, and in 41% of septic shock patients. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen found and it was resistant to third‐generation cephalosporins in none of the blood cultures and 3.3% of the urine cultures. Using the AWaRe (Access, Watch and Reserve) classification groups of antibiotics, Access and Watch antibiotics were used in virtually all women. We did not find any fatal maternal outcomes.ConclusionMaternal sepsis is seldom the result of resistant microorganisms in this setting and the use of Access group antibiotics is widely possible. Health professionals' awareness of and institutional policies for maternal sepsis are crucial to its adequate treatment and better outcomes.
A case of successful treatment of Fournier's gangrene through conservative management and elective debridement
Authors: Takahashi Toshifumi , Maruno Kouhei , Hazama Tatsuya , Yamada Yuya , Nakashima Masakazu , Kikkawa Kazuro , Tamaki Masahiro , Ito Noriyuki 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionFournier's gangrene refers to a necrotizing fasciitis that mainly affects the perineal region and a condition that requires immediate debridement. This case involved elective debridement of Fournier's gangrene after the general condition was improved through antibiotic treatment instead of requesting an emergency debridement.Case presentationThe patient was an 85‐year‐old man with a performance status of 4 admitted to a nursing home. He was transferred by ambulance with a fever. Blood tests showed a markedly elevated inflammatory response, and computed tomography revealed widespread aerodermectasia around the right testis to the lower abdomen. The patient was diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene. However, his family declined emergency surgical debridement. The patient's general condition was improved with antibiotics, and debridement was eventually performed. After 52 days of hospitalization, the patient was transferred to another hospital.ConclusionThis study describes the successful treatment of Fournier's gangrene through conservative treatment followed by elective debridement.