bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Practical Application of Small Scale Sampling and Impression Creep Testing to Grade 91 Components
Authors: Brett S.J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic steel grade 91 is widely used for both retrofit applications and primary construction on high temperature power plant. Although to date most structural integrity issues with this material have been associated with welds, as the operating hours of these plants accumulate, there will be a growing need for remanent creep life assessment of the base material. Arguably this is already the case for aberrant grade 91 material entering service in an incorrectly heat treated condition. In these circumstances the strength may fall below the normally accepted lower bound of the creep strength range and some indication of actual strength may be required. One strategy to address potential base material failure is to use small scale sampling of individual components, followed by small scale creep testing, to investigate the current creep strength present. The data can be compared with the equivalent data produced for well characterised material known to be at the lower bound of the creep strength range. This paper describes a methodology for using the impression creep data obtained to provide both creep strength ranking and an estimate of absolute creep strength for individual grade 91 components. This will enable appropriate judgements to be made by plant operators on repair/run decisions. For those components remaining in service, it allows for the weakest items to be given priority for early re-inspection at future outages. The ultimate goal is to identify base material creep damage development at as early a stage as possible and well in advance of failure in service.
Defect Tolerant Design Concepts Applied to Remaining Life Assessments of Steam Turbines and Weld Repairs of Power Generation Equipment
Authors: Dowson Phillip , Dowson David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In today’s market place power generation plants throughout the world have been trying to reduce their operating costs by extending the service life of their critical machines such as steam turbines and gas turbines beyond the design life criteria. The key ingredient in plant life extension is remaining life assessment technology. This paper will outline remaining life procedures which will incorporate the defect tolerant design concepts applied to the various damage mechanisms such as creep, fatigue, creep-fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. Also other embrittlement mechanisms will also be discussed and how they will influence the life or operation of the component. Application of weld repairs to critical components such as rotors and steam chest casings will be highlighted and how defect tolerant design concept is applied for the repair procedure and the acceptance standard of the nondestructive testing applied. Also highlighted will be various destructive tests such as stress relaxation tests (SRT) which measures creep strength and constant displacement rate test (CDRT) which evaluates fracture resistance or notch ductility. Also shown will be actual life extension examples applied to steam turbine components and weld repairs. Utilization of computer software to calculate fatigue and creep fatigue crack growth will also be presented
Non-Destructive and Optical Thickness Measurements of Steam Grown Oxide on Contacting Surfaces of Power Plant
Authors: Piedra E.M. , Lodeiro M.J. , Fry A.T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Both non-destructive and traditional microsectioning techniques have been used to measure the oxide thickness of steam grown oxides between two close contacting surfaces. Different power plant materials, nickel based alloys and ferritic-martensitic steels, were exposed to steam oxidation at temperatures ranging from 650 °C up to 750 °C and periods from 500 h to 3000 h. Ultrasonic measurements of thickness, based on the speed of sound in the oxide, were performed and compared to optical thickness measurements based on conventional metallographic microsectioning with promising results. Improvements on the measurement resolution have been practically demonstrated with oxides down to 65 μm thickness being measured successfully.
Extending Superalloy 718 Temperature Range Limits for Ultra-Supercritical Power Plant Applications
Authors: Di Gianfrancesco A. , Lombardi P. , Venditti D. , Montani R. , Foroni L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Alloy 718, widely used for its high-temperature performance in various applications, is being investigated for use in advanced power plants. Driven by the need for efficiency improvements, these plants demand higher temperatures and pressures, putting significant stress on critical components like boiler tubes and turbines. With existing steels and alloys struggling at such high temperatures, researchers are exploring alternatives. New generation plants target steam turbine inlet temperatures of 720°C and pressures of 350MPa, necessitating superalloys for high- and intermediate-pressure rotor sections. The Thermie Advanced project explored the potential of 718 for these applications. A trial rotor disk, forged using advanced processes, underwent a novel heat treatment to enhance microstructural stability and improve creep behavior. Ongoing creep tests exceeding 100,000 hours suggest a potential 50°C increase in the operational limit compared to standard 718. This 12-year research effort holds promise for utilizing 718 in forged components of advanced ultra-supercritical power plant steam turbines, potentially operating up to 700°C.
Trial Production and Evaluation of 10-Ton Class A-USC Turbine Rotor of Ni-Fe Base Superalloy FENIX-700
Authors: Takasawa Koichi , Takahashi Tatsuya , Tanaka Ryoji , Kure Terutaka , Imano Shin-ya , Saito Eiji 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The trial production of FENIX-700 turbine rotors for advanced-ultra super critical (A-USC) power generation was conducted, and their microstructure, tensile, impact, and creep properties were evaluated. Two 10-ton class trial forgings were successfully produced through double melting of VIM and ESR and free forging with a 14,000 ton hydraulic press. For examining the effect of the forging condition on the microstructure of the rotors, we adopted lower finish temperatures and an increased forging ratio on the last forging for the second trial. The grains of the second trial forging were refined by changing the forging condition. In particular, the grain size of the center of the rotor was remarkably decreased from the grain size number 0.5 to 2.8. Grain refinement improved the permeability of the ultrasonic wave in the ultrasonic inspection test, resulting in decreasing the minimum detectable flaw size (MDFS). The ductility and toughness were also improved by grain refinement. Although the grain size was decreased, the time to rupture in the creep test at 700 °C was comparable to the previous results of FENIX-700, and the estimated 105 h rupture stress at 700 °C was sufficiently higher than 100 MPa. However, it was clarified that the particles of gamma-prime in the center of the rotor had been coarsened due to the mass effect. The slight decrease of 0.2% proof stress and shortening of creep rupture time at 700 °C were attributed to the coarse gamma-prime particles. The results of the present trial expressly demonstrated that it is possible to manufacture 10-ton class A-USC turbine rotors of FENIX-700 with excellent mechanical properties and good permeability of the ultrasonic wave.
The New Metallurgical Precipitation Strengthening Model of W Containing Advanced High Cr Ferritic Creep Resistant Steels
Authors: Hasegawa Yasushi , Nishiura Tomohiro , Sato Tetsuya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Cr and W effect on the creep strength of ferritic steels were studied using the new strengthening hypothesis, precipitation strengthening mechanism, by examining the residual aligned precipitates consisting of W and Cr. In 2 mass% W-containing steel, the increase in Cr content up to 10 mass% resulted in the creep life extension. However, the Cr content higher than 11 mass% decreased the creep life. In 9 mass% Cr-containing steel, the increase in W content decreased the creep deformation rate with creep time. However, it also shortened the time to reach the minimum creep rate. Therefore, optimum Cr and W contents possibly resulted in the optimum alloy design. To understand the effect of W and Cr contents on creep strength, the precipitation strengthening hypothesis by the precipitates at the block boundary must be introduced. The residual aligned precipitation line is supposedly an effective obstacle for the dislocation motion at the interparticle space of the aligned precipitates. The new hypothesis will be activated after block boundary migration. It occurs during the acceleration creep period. On the basis of the hypothesis, creep strength was expressed as the summation of threshold creep stress and effective internal creep stress. According to the experimental data of microstructure recovery, the effective internal stress decreased with creep deformation and consequently vanished. In such cases, creep strength is decided only by the threshold stress of creep. Integrating all, we concluded that the creep deformation mechanism of ferritic creep-resistant steel possibly transits from the viscous dislocation gliding mode to the microstructure recovery driven type mode during the acceleration creep.
Evaluation of Reduction in Creep Strength Based on Fracture Energy in CSEF Steels
Authors: Nagae Y. , Asayama T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In power plants operated at elevated temperatures, the operating life of structural materials increases. Therefore, it is very important to be able to predict creep strength in long term above 100,000 h. Furthermore, it has been reported that in the long term, the actual creep strength is lower than the predicted life. Although this problem has been analysed, the reasons remain unclear. In this study, a fracture energy model is used to evaluate the mechanisms of the creep strength reduction for martensitic steels. In the model, changes in fracture energy with rupture time are expressed by a power law. The energy density rate is calculated using stress, rupture elongation, and rupture time. The model indicates two mechanisms of creep strength reduction. One is the increase in rupture elongation, which leads to reduction in creep strength with ductility; the other is the decrease in reduction of area, which leads to reduction in creep strength with brittleness. Difference between the two mechanisms affects creep-fatigue strength. The study also shows that the equation based on the fracture energy model for creep-fatigue life can be obtained by a parallel translation of that for creep.
A New Developed 9%Cr Steel with High Boron Content Achieving the Long-Term Microstructural Stability and the Optimized Mechanical Properties for 625°C USC Power Plant Boiler
Authors: Yonemura Mitsuharu , Hasegawa Yasushi , Igarashi Masaaki , Tabuchi Masaaki , Abe Fujio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A new 9%Cr steel with high boron levels (boron steel) has been developed by optimization studies on steels and alloys that are applicable to advanced ultra-super critical power plants operated at steam conditions of 700°C and 30 MPa and above. The composition and heat treatment condition of boron steel was optimized by the initial hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and Charpy impact values on the basis of the fundamental investigation with the stability of the long-term creep strength. Creep testing of boron steel was conducted at temperatures between 600 and 700°C. The creep rupture strength at 625°C and 105 h is estimated to be 122 MPa for the present 9% Cr steel with high boron by Larson-Miller parameter method. Furthermore, physical properties as a function of temperature, metallurgical properties, tensile properties, and toughness were examined to evaluate the applicability of the steel for a 625°C USC power plant boiler. It was also confirmed that the steel has good workability for such an application by the flaring and flattening tests with tube specimens having an outer diameter of approximately 55 mm.
Efficacy of ultrasound-guided galvanic electrolysis technique and physical therapy in patients with Achilles’ tendinopathy: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Di Gesù Marco , Alito Angelo , Borzelli Daniele , Romeo Domenico , Bonomolo Fabio , Calafiore Dario , de Sire Alessandro 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided galvanic electrolysis technique (USGET) is an innovative mini-invasive intervention with the potential to optimise outcomes in the treatment of Achille’s tendinopathy (AT). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the efficacy of adding USGET to conventional eccentric exercise treatment in patients with chronic AT. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were patients with unilateral non-insertional AT, pain lasting > 3 months, aged 25–60 years. Patients were randomised in two groups receiving the same physiotherapy treatment (2 sessions per week for 8 weeks). In addition, the experimental group received three USGET stimulations, one every 15 days. Outcome measures were assessment of Achilles tendinopathy severity using the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) and pain intensity using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Assessment points occurred at the onset of treatment (T0), its conclusion (T1), and subsequent follow-ups at one (T2) and two months (T3). RESULTS: Out of the 52 patients who met the study inclusion criteria, two participants withdrew from the study, resulting in a total of 50 subjects who completed the research. None of the parameters showed a different distribution at T1 (p> 0.337). At T2, there was a statistical difference in VISA-A (p= 0.010) and its subscales and VAS (p= 0.002) in the USGET group. At T3, both groups improved with a statistical difference observed in VISA-A (p< 0.001) and its subscales Pain (p= 0.004), Function (p= 0.003) and Sport (p= 0.002), but the EG patients showed a greater improvement. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The effect of USGET combined with eccentric exercise appears to be a safe and effective technique for achieving pain relief and functional recovery in the medium term, supporting the integrated use of USGET as a rehabilitative treatment option for patients with chronic AT.
Bigdata clustering and classification with improved fuzzy based deep architecture under MapReduce framework
Authors: D Vishnu Sakthi , V Valarmathi , V Surya , A Karthikeyan , E Malathi 
Published: March 2024

The current state of economic, social ideas, and the advancement of cutting-edge technology are determined by the primary subjects of the contemporary information era, big data. People are immersed in a world of information, guided by the abundance of data that penetrates every element of their surroundings. Smart gadgets, the IoT, and other technologies are responsible for the data’s explosive expansion. Organisations have struggled to store data effectively throughout the past few decades. This disadvantage is related to outdated, expensive, and inadequately large storage technology. In the meanwhile, large data demands innovative storage techniques supported by strong technology. This paper proposes the bigdata clustering and classification model with improved fuzzy-based Deep Architecture under the Map Reduce framework. At first, the pre-processing phase involves data partitioning from the big dataset utilizing an improved C-Means clustering procedure. The pre-processed big data is then handled by the Map Reduce framework, which involves the mapper and reducer phases. In the mapper phase. Data normalization takes place, followed by the feature fusion approach that combines the extracted features like entropy-based features and correlation-based features. In the reduction phase, all the mappers are combined to produce an acceptable feature. Finally, a deep hybrid model, which is the combination of a DCNN and Bi-GRU is used for the classification process. The Improved score level fusion procedure is used in this case to obtain the final classification result. Moreover, the analysis of the proposed work has proved to be efficient in terms of classification accuracy, precision, recall, FNR, FPR, and other performance metrics.
Entrepreneurship education: Analyzing the perception and motivation undergone in higher education institutions
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Singh Manjinder , Mittal Amit , Aggarwal Arun 
Published: March 2024

Young people in India are becoming more accepting of the profession of entrepreneurship. While the creation, financing, and positive and negative outcomes of a start-up have all been widely researched, more research is needed to understand the entrepreneurial environment that supports, nurtures, and educates entrepreneurs. Higher education institutions are one such element of this ecosystem that is essential in educating India’s future business people. Therefore, this study is intended to establish the practice of entrepreneurship learning in higher educational institutions in India and to analyze the perception of students on entrepreneurship education. Using proportional stratified random selection, 345 undergraduate students from India’s top-ranked universities made up the overall sample for this. SEM analysis was used to assess the study’s hypotheses, and the link between the variables was investigated using SEM analysis. The results showed thatgovernment regulation, socioeconomic circumstances, entrepreneurial orientation, monetary assistance, and entrepreneurial confidence favorably impact entrepreneurial motivation. The findings of this study will aid in the modification and customization of entrepreneurial programs to satisfy the needs of different organizations and geographical regions.
Three-dimensional analysis of puncture needle path through safety triangle approach PLD and design of puncture positioning guide plate
Authors: Yu Penghui , Li Yanbing , Zhao Qidong , Chen Xia , Wu Liqin , Jiang Shuai , Rao Libing , Rao Yihua 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the three-dimensional relationship between the optimal puncture needle path and the lumbar spinous process was discussed using digital technology. Additionally, the positioning guide plate was designed and 3D printed in order to simulate the surgical puncture of specimens. This plate served as an important reference for the preoperative simulation and clinical application of percutaneous laser decompression (PLD). METHOD: The CT data were imported into the Mimics program, the 3D model was rebuilt, the ideal puncture line N and the associated central axis M were developed, and the required data were measured. All of these steps were completed. A total of five adult specimens were chosen for CT scanning; the data were imported into the Mimics program; positioning guide plates were generated and 3D printed; a simulated surgical puncture of the specimens was carried out; an X-ray inspection was carried out; and an analysis of the puncture accuracy was carried out. RESULTS: (1) The angle between line N and line M was 42°~55°, and the angles between the line M and 3D plane were 1°~2°, 5°~12°, and 78°~84°, respectively; (2) As the level of the lumbar intervertebral disc decreases, the distance from point to line and point to surface changes regularly; (3) The positioning guide was designed with the end of the lumbar spinous process and the posterior superior iliac spine on both sides as supporting points. (4) Five specimens were punctured 40 times by using the guide to simulate surgical puncture, and the success rate was 97.5%. CONCLUSION: By analyzing the three-dimensional relationship between the optimal puncture needle path and the lumbar spinous process, the guide plate was designed to simulate surgical puncture, and the individualized safety positioning of percutaneous puncture was obtained.
Estrategias de organización frente a la escasez de agua para riego, Temoac, Morelos
Authors: Navarrete Galindo Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

<p><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p> </p><p>Este artículo busca comprender los factores que han generado alternativas de organización para el riego en comunidad, ante un escenario de escasez de agua. Analiza las comunidades rurales en el oriente del estado de Morelos, aledañas a la Barranca Amatzinac, que ya no cuentan con los mismos recursos y espacios principalmente el agua de riego que se ha visto mermada por el acaparamiento ilegal que tiene lugar en la zona alta de la barranca. Como respuesta, las comunidades han generado estrategias de adaptación y para comprenderlas se requiere analizar las causas que han provocado la escasez, los actores que participan, los antecedentes históricos del conflicto social por el agua, las formas organizativas en las comunidades de estudio del municipio de Temoac y en el Amatzinac, además las estrategias de resistencia y persistencia campesina.</p><p>A la par de las estrategias de adaptación y la competencia por el agua que se ha generado, las comunidades han exigido y continúan demandando el agua de riego al Estado, el cual ha respondido con la construcción de cinco presas, beneficiando a unos más que a otros, siendo una solución temporal y parcial, por lo que la escasez del agua y la demanda por el recurso siguen latentes, agravados por la instalación de megaproyectos. A pesar de ello hay pueblos que se resisten a perder su identidad agrícola.</p><p>PALABRAS CLAVE</p><p> </p><p>Escasez, agua, organización, riego, río Amatzinac.</p>
INNOVATION CAPABILITY IN TALENT MANAGEMENT TOWARDS EMPLOYMENT CAPABILITY THROUGH LEADERSHIP
Authors: Manalu Mesya Natalia , Rahadi Dedi Rianto 
Published: March 2024

<p>This research investigates the impact of Innovation Ability on Talent Management in shaping Work Ability through Leadership within organizational contexts. Employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through Smart PLS software, the study reveals noteworthy insights. The results indicate a highly significant correlation between Work Ability and Leadership, as well as between Talent Management and both Work Ability and Leadership. Surprisingly, the statistical significance of the relationship between Innovation Ability and Work Ability or Leadership is lacking. This suggests that, within the scope of this study, Talent Management significantly contributes to both Employability and Leadership, while the effectiveness of Innovation Capability may be contingent on additional influencing factors. The findings underscore the intricate dynamics among innovation, talent management, employability, and leadership, offering valuable insights into the pivotal factors influencing organizational performance within this framework. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the interplay between these elements, shedding light on the complexity of their relationships.<strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p>