bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF A FUNCTIONALLY DISTINCT IgM ANTI‐TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE (SIII) IN LOW‐DOSE PARALYSIS TO SIII IN MICE
Authors: Kearney R , Andrews J , Johnstone S 
Published: August 2007

SummaryPrior treatment (priming) with a weakly immunogenic dose of Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) results in the development of an antigen‐specific state of unresponsiveness termed low‐dose paralysis which is believed to be mediated by suppressor T cells. The present findings show that the passive administration of functionally distinct non‐complement‐fixing (NCF) IgM anti‐SIII antibodies either in monoclonal form or from protein‐A absorbed immune serum could significantly suppress the direct plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response to an immunogenic dose of SIII administered concurrently. The degree of suppression was comparable with that induced by low–dose paralysis. Low‐dose paralysis was consistently induced in athymic (nude) mice 4 days, but not 3 days, after priming with a low dose of SIII, and was associated with the delayed appearance of NCF‐IgM anti‐SIII in the serum of athymic mice. In contrast, low‐dose paralysis was readily induced in normal BALB/c mice 3 days after priming when NCF‐IgM anti‐SIII antibodies were present. Comparable inhibiton of the direct anti‐SIII PFC response was observed when Concanavalin A (Con A) or NCF‐IgM anti‐SIII serum was administered with SIII antigen. That Con A and NCF‐IgM anti‐SIII together did not produce additive suppression was attributed to the adsorption of NCF‐IgM anti‐SIII antibodies to Con A. Complement‐dependent single radial haemolysis mediated by CF hybrid IgM/A or CF‐IgM anti‐SIII serum was blocked by monoclonal NCF‐IgM or IgA anti‐SIII antibodies and indicated that each of the antibodies was specific for the same SIII‐determinant. Evidence is presented to show that low‐dose paralysis in the CF‐IgM response to SIII is not mediated by suppressor T cells but can be attributed to highly avid NCF‐IgM anti‐SIII antibodies, formed preferentially to low doses of SIII, being able to reduce the immunogenicity of SIII administered subsequently.We propose that low‐dose paralysis to SIII is the result of an immunobiological function of highly avid NCF‐IgM anti‐SIII antibodies which not only confer resistance against capsulated pneumococci but preferentially bind soluble SIII‐antigen to reduce its immunogenicity and thereby protect specific CF‐IgM positive B cells from being rendered tolerant by direct contact with higher doses of SIII antigen.
EFFECT OF HAEMORRHAGE ON HEPATIC GLUTATHIONE CONCENTRATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN THE PIG
Authors: Shi ECP , Rose MA , Ham JM 
Published: August 2007

SummaryDepletion in the hepatic concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) may potentiate liver injury resulting from toxic metabolites. Patients who have had severe haemorrhage frequently develop hepatic dysfunction and we have shown that the hepatic GSH level is decreased in these patients. The present study has examined the time‐course effect of a 30% haemorrhage on the hepatic GSH level by sequential biopsies of the liver. Acute and chronic experiments were performed and, in both, the hepatic concentration of GSH fell during the first 6 h after haemorrhage; this fall was followed by a significant rebound elevation at 24 h. In the chronic haemorrhage experiment the hepatic GSH level was normal at 1 week after haemorrhage. Thus, the susceptibility of the liver to toxic metabolite injury after haemorrhage persists for less than 24 h in this experimental model and haemorrhage appears to have no long term effect on the hepatic GSH concentration.
FREQUENCY OF MURINE CYTOTOXIC T CELL PRECURSORS REACTIVE TO PLASMA CELL TUMOUR‐ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS AS COMPARED TO MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS
Authors: Burton Robert C 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL‐P) reactive to plasmacytoma (PCT) tumour‐associated antigens (TAA) was studied in BALB/c mouse spleen. Progressively decreasing numbers of responder BALB/c spleen cells were cultured with mitomycin C‐treated stimulator MPC‐11 BALB/c PCT cells, and a Poisson analysis was performed of the wells scored positive in a 51Cr release assay with PCT target cells. It was found that approximately 2 per million BALB/c spleen cells were CTL‐P reactive to TAA of MPC‐11, and about one in three of these precursors responded to a TAA expressed by MPC‐11 which was shared with the C3H PCT C1.18. The frequency of CTL‐P reactive to TAA was shown to be 30 to 500 fold lower than that for CTL reactive to various major histocompatibility complex alloantigens, and the addition of exogenous Interleukin‐2 only resulted in a 2‐3 fold increase in this CTL‐P frequency. These results suggest that the weak levels of tumour immunity induced in vivo by immunisation of BALB/c mice with MPC‐11 are, at least in part, due to a very low frequency of CTL‐P reactive to TAA of that PCT.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII TACHYZOITE DNA
Authors: Johnsont Alan M , Dubey JP , Dame John B 
Published: August 2007

SummaryToxoplasma gondii DNA from RH strain tachyzoites was purified from contaminating murine DNA by isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation in CsCI containing the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258. Quantitative hybridization studies with DNA from uninfected mice and DNA extracted from oocysts of the ME49 strain of T. gondii confirmed that RH strain DNA could be obtained at least 90% pure with a high recovery. Preliminary characterization studies on such purified DNA showed that it had a G + C content of 50% and was not significantly methylated.
HAEMOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE FOETAL LAMB FROM 85‐135 DAYS MEASURED BY (3H)‐THYMIDINE INCORPORATION IN VITRO
Authors: Smeaton TC 
Published: August 2007

SummaryCell suspensions from the bone marrow (BM), spleen, thymus, liver and lymph nodes of 14 foetal lambs from 85‐135 days gestation were incubated in vitro with 3H ‐thymidine (TdR). Cells from the long bones, the humerus, tibia and femur, yielded similar results, viz., (a) the total leucocyte population of the bone increased from a mean of 8 8×106 at 85‐90 days (N = 4) to a mean of 487×106 at 130‐135 days (N = 3); (b) the rate of incorporation of TdR varied from 22460‐45960 c.p.m./h/106 cells with no clear trend related to foetal age; this rate is consistent with active mitosis occurring in the expanding BM cell population; (c) bone weight and cell number/bone increased in parallel, and the total mitotic capacity of the bone showed a similar pattern. In the liver, spleen and thymus the incorporation of TdR per 106 cells decreased during the latter part of gestation. Despite growth of the liver (from 18 g to 71 g), the number of white blood cells (WBC) extracted from this tissue was lower at 135 days than at 85 days, suggesting that the haemopoietic capacit of the liver declined during this period. The marked increase in total WBC numbers in the thymus suggests tihs tissue may be supplying circulating lymphocytes to the growing foetus.
CATECHOLAMINE CONTENTS OF RABBIT GINGIVA AND DENTAL PULP
Authors: Parker I , Parker DAS , de la Lande IS 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe contents of endogenous noradrenaline (NA) in rabbit gingiva and dental pulp were approximately 15‐fold greater than either adrenaline (A) or dopamine (DA). Whereas catecholamine contents of maxillary incisor pulps were similar to those in mandibular incisor pulps, variations existed between gingiva excised from different regions. Both reserpine pretreatment and chronic sympathetic denervation greatly decreased the NA contents. These findings support the view that NA is the sympathetic neurotransmitter in dental pulp and gingiva.
THE ORIGIN OF THE N20 COMPONENT OF THE SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED POTENTIAL IN MAN
Authors: Shaw NA 
Published: August 2007

SummarySomatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded from a 63 year old male who had sustained severe right sided cortical damage including infarction of the primary sensory hand area. When SEPs were recorded following right median nerve stimulation, both cervical and cortical waveforms were of normal configuration. When SEPs were recorded following left median nerve stimulation, the cervical potential was intact but the cortical waveform was absent and replaced with a positive‐negative complex which was probably a far field reflection of thalamic activity. These findings suggest that the first negative component of the cortical SEP (N20) is not generated in the diencephalon but represents the initial response of the somatosensory cortex.
A METHOD FOR PREDICTING MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS IN SOUTHEAST AUSTRALIA USING THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
Authors: Nicholls Neville 
Published: August 2007

SummaryClinical cases of Murray Valley Encephalitis in southeast Australia have tended to occur in summer and autumn following extended periods of above average rainfall over most of eastern and northern Australia. The Southern Oscillation, an important mode of climatic fluctuations over the Indian and Pacific Oceans, is closely related to eastern and northern Australian rainfall. The Southern Oscillation has been used previously to develop methods for predicting rainfall fluctuations over Australia and their biological and economic impacts. The relationship, therefore, between the Southern Oscillation and Murray Valley Encephalitis in southeast Australia was examined. Darwin atmospheric pressure, an index of the Southern Oscillation, was found to be well below average during the autumn, winter and spring preceding the occurrence of Murray Valley Encephalitis. It is suggested that this relationship can be used to provide a simple, objective early warning system.
Ambient Air Pollution and Preterm Birth in the Environment and Pregnancy Outcomes Study at the University of California, Los Angeles
Authors: Ritz Beate , Wilhelm Michelle , Hoggatt Katherine J. , Ghosh Jo Kay C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe authors conducted a case-control survey nested within a birth cohort and collected detailed risk factor information to assess the extent to which residual confounding and exposure misclassification may impact air pollution effect estimates. Using a survey of 2,543 of 6,374 women sampled from a cohort of 58,316 eligible births in 2003 in Los Angeles County, California, the authors estimated with logistic regression and two-phase models the effects of pregnancy period-specific air pollution exposure on the odds of preterm birth. For the first trimester, the odds of preterm birth consistently increased with increasing carbon monoxide exposures and also at high levels of exposure to particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in diameter (&gt;21.4 μg/m3), regardless of type of data (cohort/sample) or covariate adjustment (carbon monoxide exposures of &gt;1.25 ppm increased the odds by 21–25%). Women exposed to carbon monoxide above 0.91 ppm during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy experienced increased odds of preterm birth. Crude and birth certificate covariate-adjusted results for carbon monoxide differed from each other. However, further adjustment for risk factors assessed in the survey did not change effect estimates for short-term pollutant averages appreciably, except for time-activity patterns, which strengthened the observed associations. These results confirm the importance of reducing exposure misclassification when evaluating the effect of traffic-related pollutants that vary spatially.
A new model Gondwanan taxon: systematics and biogeography of the harvestman family Pettalidae (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi), with a taxonomic revision of genera from Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Boyer Sarah L. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe phylogeny of the temperate Gondwanan harvestman family Pettalidae is investigated by means of a new morphological matrix of 45 characters, and DNA sequence data from five markers, including two nuclear ribosomal genes (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA), one nuclear protein coding gene (histone H3), and two mitochondrial genes–one protein coding (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and one ribosomal (16S rRNA). Phylogenetic analyses using an array of homology schemes (dynamic and static), criteria (parsimony and maximum likelihood), and sampling strategies (optimal trees versus Bayesian phylogenetics) all agree on the monophyly of Pettalidae as well as several of its subclades, each of which is restricted to a modern landmass. While most genera as traditionally defined are monophyletic, Rakaia and Neopurcellia, distributed across Queensland (Australia) and New Zealand, are not. Instead, the species from Queensland, previously described under three genera, constitute a well‐supported clade, suggesting that in this case biogeography prevails over traditional taxonomy. A taxonomic emendation of the genera from Queensland and New Zealand is presented, and the new genus Aoraki is erected to include the species of the New Zealand denticulata group. A biogeographical hypothesis of the relationships of the former temperate Gondwana landmasses (with the exception of Madagascar) is presented, although ambiguity in the deep nodes of the pettalid tree renders such inference provisional. The data suggest that neither the South African fauna, the New Zealand fauna nor the Australian fauna is monophyletic but instead monophyly is found at smaller geographic scales (e.g., Western Australia, Queensland, NE South Africa).© The Willi Hennig Society 2007.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus
Authors: ZHU Xuejun , ZHANG Bingxin 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTParaneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a life‐threatening autoimmune blistering skin disease. Clinically, it is characterized by severe mucosal erosions and various cutaneous lesions associated with lymphoproliferative neoplasmas. Suprabasal acantholysis and clefts with scattered necrotic keratinocytes are the unique histopathological features. PNP patient sera recognize multiple antigens, which have been identified as the plakin protein family that includes desmoplakin, bullous pemphigoid antigen I (BPAG1), envoplakin and periplakin, and desmogleins 1 and 3. Castleman's tumor, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, thymoma, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are the commonly associated neoplasmas in PNP. We have also demonstrated that the autoantibodies reacting to epidermal proteins are directly produced by the cells in the associated tumors. Bronchiolitis obliterans is frequently found in PNP and may cause respiratory failure and death. In our experience, the early detection and removal of the tumor and i.v. administration of immunoglobulin are critical for the treatment of PNP.
Eccrine porocarcinoma: Clinical and pathological studies of 12 cases
Authors: SHIOHARA Junko , KOGA Hiroshi , UHARA Hisashi , TAKATA Minoru , SAIDA Toshiaki 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTTwelve cases of eccrine porocarcinoma have been reported at our facility in the past 10 years. All of them were Japanese; half had lymph node metastases; and one‐third died of this disease. Lymph node metastasis was correlated with pathological lymphovascular invasion. Death was correlated with a pathological growth pattern and clinical lymph node metastasis. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed usefully in two patients.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 negative regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in platelet‐derived growth factor‐induced fibroblast migration
Authors: NAGAI Hiroshi , TOKUMARU Sho , SAYAMA Koji , SHIRAKATA Yuji , HANAKAWA Yasushi , HIRAKAWA Satoshi , DAI Xiuju , TOHYAMA Mikiko , YANG Lujun , HASHIMOTO Koji 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTPlatelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) is involved in wound healing, but PDGF‐induced fibroblast migration and the intracellular signaling mechanisms of fibroblast migration are poorly understood. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in migration and is negatively regulated by the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). We studied the PDGF induction of fibroblast migration in vitro and the involvement of STAT3 and SOCS3. We found that PDGF activated STAT3 and strongly induced fibroblast migration. Transfection with a dominant‐negative mutant of STAT3 almost completely abolished PDGF‐induced fibroblast migration and STAT3 phosphorylation. Next, we studied the mechanisms that regulate fibroblast migration. PDGF enhanced the expression of SOCS3 by 2.8‐fold at 1 h. Transfection with SOCS3 almost completely abolished PDGF‐induced STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced fibroblast migration to 47% of control, indicating that SOCS3 acts as a negative regulator of PDGF‐induced fibroblast migration. In conclusion, PDGF induces fibroblast migration under the control of STAT3–SOCS3.
Relationship between Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis treated with tacrolimus ointment and genetic polymorphisms in the IL‐18 gene promoter region
Authors: OSAWA Kouji , ETOH Takafumi , ARIYOSHI Noritaka , ISHII Itsuko , OHTANI Michteru , KARIYA Satoru , UCHINO Katsuyoshi , KITADA Mitsukazu 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTKaposi's varicelliform eruption is the most important problem in treating patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) with tacrolimus ointment. It has been considered that Kaposi's varicelliform eruption occurs due to decreased levels of interleukin (IL)‐18. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Kaposi's varicelliform eruption and genetic polymorphisms in the IL‐18 gene. IL‐18 gene promoter polymorphisms were analyzed in 21 AD patients treated with tacrolimus ointment and in 100 healthy volunteers. Six AD patients with Kaposi's varicelliform eruption during the treatment with tacrolimus ointment showed significantly higher frequency in G‐to‐C mutations at the IL‐18 gene promoter region –137 compared with 15 AD patients without Kaposi's varicelliform eruption. The 15 AD patients without Kaposi's varicelliform eruption as well as 100 healthy volunteers did not have mutations of G‐to‐C at the IL‐18 gene promoter region –137. These results suggest that the onset of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption following the treatment with tacrolimus ointment is associated with the mutation of G‐to‐C in the IL‐18 gene promoter region –137, and that caution is required when using tacrolimus ointment for treating AD patients with this mutation.
Calf muscle pump impairment and delayed healing of venous leg ulcers: Air plethysmographic findings
Authors: SIMKA Marian 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThere is a need for a diagnostic tool to predict clinical outcome of venous leg ulcer patients, as the prognosis of healing based on clinical data alone has not appeared to be satisfactory. Air plethysmographic assessment of calf muscle pump was performed in the supine and upright position in 129 patients with active ulcers on their legs. All patients were managed in a specialized leg ulcer clinic. Results of air plethysmography were compared to clinical data and time of healing of ulcers. Muscle pump failure was found in 42.6% of extremities (supine position, 33.3%; upright, 22.5%; both, 12.4%). Patients with insufficient pump were older, and their ulcers were larger. Failure of pump was found more often in patients who began the treatment after long, unsuccessful, non‐specialized care. Healing time of ulcers was prolonged in cases with insufficient pump. Regarding the subgroups with good clinical prognosis (patients with small ulcers or with a short history of ulceration), it was found that insufficiency of muscle pump correlated with delayed healing. It could be summarized that venous leg ulcers associated with calf muscle failure were larger, long‐standing, and that their healing even after specialized treatment was delayed. Impaired muscle pump function revealed in plethysmographic examination can be a prognostic factor of delayed healing of leg ulcer. Ulcers with poor prognosis according to plethysmographic findings, and no quick recovery after standard management, should be considered for advanced therapies.
Case of pemphigus foliaceus that shifted into pemphigus vulgaris after adrenal tumor resection
Authors: AWAZAWA Ryoko , YAMAMOTO Yu‐ichi , GUSHI Makiko , TAIRA Kiyohito , YAGI Nobutake , ASATO Yutaka , HAGIWARA Keisuke , UEZATO Hiroshi 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTA 79‐year‐old Japanese woman visited our hospital on 6 May 2003, who had suffered from erythema and crusted vesicles located on the head, face and trunk. The eruptions first appeared in February 2003. Histopathological findings included blister formation spreading from just below the horny layers to the upper squamous layers, where acantholytic cells were observed. Direct immunofluorescence disclosed immunoglobulin G depositions in the epidermal intercellular spaces. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed an elevated titer of anti‐desmoglein (Dsg)1 autoantibodies (154 index value), but almost normal levels of anti‐Dsg3 autoantibodies (8 index value in serum). The diagnosis at first was made as pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Topical use of corticosteroids alone could control the eruptions well. Systemic examinations on admission revealed a right adrenal tumor that had caused Cushing's syndrome. Its resection was performed on 24 July 2003. Histopathological diagnosis of the removed tumor was a functional adrenal adenoma. The symptoms had worsened after the resection. Topical use of corticosteroids alone could no longer control the symptoms. Additional p.o. medications of minocycline hydrochloride and nicotinic acid amides improved the symptoms to some extent. However, oral cavity erosions appeared in December 2004, and the titer of anti‐Dsg3 autoantibodies in serum elevated, suggesting a transition from PF to pemphigus vulgaris (PV). p.o. administration of corticosteroids started, which improved the symptoms significantly. To date, there have been no reports of pemphigus complicated with an adrenal tumor that caused Cushing's syndrome in Japan. The present case is particularly interesting in that the symptoms became worse after the tumor resection and that the first diagnosis of PF shifted into PV after the operation.
Reverse latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for reconstruction of lumbar radiation ulcer
Authors: MOTEGI Sei‐ichiro , TAMURA Atsushi , ABE Marie , OKADA Etsuko , NAGAI Yayoi , ISHIKAWA Osamu 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe surgical treatment of large, deep defects on the midline of the lower back or lumbar area comprises difficult reconstructive challenges. Various flaps have been designed to reconstruct the defect area. We herein report a 70‐year‐old Japanese woman with a large, deep ulcer in the midline of the lower back, caused by postoperative radiation therapy for eccrine porocarcinoma. The ulcer was successfully treated with surgical debridement followed by reverse latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. This flap is reliable and useful for reconstruction of a large, deep midline defect of the lower back, having large and bulky tissue with a sufficient blood supply.
Chondrolipoma of the toe
Authors: ITO Ran , FUJIWARA Masao , TAKAGAKI Kenji , NAGASAKO Ren 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTChondrolipoma is a rare benign mesenchymoma composed of mature cartilage and adipose tissue. We present a 71‐year‐old man with a chondrolipoma of the great toe. On histological examination, the tumor contained both mature fat cells and chondrocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a chondrolipoma on the toe. This case contributes to better awareness of an extremely rare lesion of the distal lower limb.
Juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis
Authors: XIAO Ting , LI Bo , HE Chun‐Di , CHEN Hong‐Duo 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is an erythrodermic, generalized form of pustular psoriasis. GPP is rare in children. The present study describes a case of juvenile GPP and reviews 12 juvenile GPP inpatients treated at our hospital in the period 1978–2005.