bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User behaviour towards protective information technologies: the role of national cultural differences
Authors: Dinev Tamara , Goo Jahyun , Hu Qing , Nam Kichan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractComputer technologies that protect data and systems from viruses, unauthorized access, disruptions, spyware and other threats have become increasingly important in the globally networked economy and society. Yet little is known about user attitudes and behaviour towards this category of information technologies. Comparative studies across different cultures in this context are even rarer. In this study, we examine the cross‐cultural differences between South Korea and the United States in user behaviour towards protective information technologies. We develop a theoretical model of user behaviour based on the framework of the theory of planned behaviour and national cultural dimensions and indices. We posit that cultural factors moderate the strength of the relationships in the behavioural model in the context of protective information technologies. The model was then empirically tested using structural equation modelling techniques in conjunction with multi‐group analysis. Most of the hypothesized moderating effects of national cultural factors were found to be statistically significant. Our findings suggest that cultural factors should be considered in order to design effective information security policies, practices and technologies in global networks where multiple cultures coexist. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Efficacy of three rotary NiTi instruments in removing gutta‐percha from root canals
Authors: Taşdemir T. , Er K. , Yildirim T. , Çelik D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAim  To investigate the ability of three rotary nickel–titanium instruments and hand instrumentation to remove gutta‐percha and sealer.Methodology  Sixty freshly extracted human single‐rooted teeth, each with one root canal, were instrumented with K‐files and filled using cold lateral compaction of gutta‐percha and AH Plus (Dentsply Detrey, Konstanz, Germany) sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 specimens each. Removal of gutta‐percha was performed with the following devices and techniques: ProTaper, R‐Endo, Mtwo and Hedström files. The specimens were rendered transparent and the area of remaining filling material on the root canal wall was measured using a computer image analysis program. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests with Bonferroni correction for the analysis of residual root filling material and working time.Results  The ProTaper group had less filling material inside the root canals than the other groups, but a significant difference was found between only the ProTaper and Mtwo groups (P < 0.05). The retreatment time for Mtwo and ProTaper was significantly shorter compared with R‐Endo and manual instrumentation with Hedström files (P < 0.001). R‐Endo was significantly faster than manual instrumentation (P < 0.001).Conclusions  Under the experimental conditions, ProTaper left significantly less gutta‐percha and sealer than Mtwo instruments. Complete removal of materials did not occur with any of the instrument systems investigated.
Clinical relevance of polymorphonuclear (PMN‐) elastase determination in semen and serum during infertility investigation
Authors: Eggert‐Kruse W. , Zimmermann K. , Geißler W. , Ehrmann A. , Boit R. , Strowitzki T. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase is secreted by activated granulocytes and is widely used as a marker of male accessory gland infection. However, the clinical value of routine determination of seminal plasma (SP) PMN elastase in asymptomatic patients during infertility investigation has not clearly been established and not much is known about the significance of PMN‐elastase levels in serum as a potential biochemical determinant associated with infection/inflammation of the male genital tract. This prospective study included a total of 221 asymptomatic males from unselected subfertile couples, to evaluate the relationship of (i) serum and (ii) same‐day SP PMN elastase concentrations with established semen quality parameters, including sperm functional capacity, local antisperm antibodies (ASA), seminal leucocytes, and the outcome of semen cultures including typical sexually transmitted disease pathogens, and a potential association with patients’ medical history and results of clinical andrological examination. Furthermore, couples were followed up for subsequent fertility (controlled for female infertility factors). The concentrations of PMN elastase in serum and in SP were not significantly related to semen quality [with regard to microscopic (e.g. count, motility, morphology) as well as biochemical parameters, and also to local ASA of the IgG‐ or IgA‐class]. There was no strong relationship with sperm functional capacity. No significant relationship with the outcome of the microbial screening was found. PMN‐elastase levels in serum and SP were not significantly correlated and there was no association with subsequent fertility. Therefore, the value of routine determination of PMN elastase in semen and/or serum samples, particularly when used as a single parameter to screen for subclinical infection/inflammation in males under infertility investigation is limited.
Developmental effects: oestrogen‐induced vaginal changes and organotin‐induced adipogenesis
Authors: Iguchi T. , Watanabe H. , Ohta Y. , Blumberg B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe emerging paradigm, the foetal origin of adult disease, is a new framework for considering the effects of endocrine disrupters on human and animal health. Prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure resulted in various reproductive tract abnormalities in women, which is called as DES syndrome. Similar abnormalities have been demonstrated in experimental animals exposed perinatally to oestrogens. Developmental oestrogen exposure induces persistent proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells in mice. The persistent changes in the vagina of mice neonatally exposed to oestrogens results from persistent phosphorylation of erbB2 and oestrogen receptor α, sustained expression of EGF‐like growth factors and phosphorylation of JNK1, IGF‐I receptor and Akt. The ubiquitous environmental contaminant, tributyltin chloride (TBT) is well known to induce the development of male sex characteristics (imposex) in gastropods. We recently found that TBT and its congeners induce the differentiation of adipocytes in vitro and increase adipose mass in vivo in vertebrates. TBT is a nanomolar affinity ligand for retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the rock shell and for both the RXRα and the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the amphibian (Xenopus laevis), mouse, and human. TBT promotes adipogenesis in the murine 3T3‐L1 cell model and perturbs key regulators of adipogenesis and lipogenic pathways in vivo, primarily through activation of RXRα and PPARγ. Moreover, in utero exposure to TBT leads to strikingly elevated lipid accumulation in adipose depots, liver, and testis of neonate mice and results in increased adipose mass in adults. In X. laevis, ectopic adipocytes form in and around gonadal tissues following organotin, RXRα or PPARγ ligand exposure. TBT represents the first example of an environmental endocrine disrupter that promotes adverse effects from gastropods to mammals. Prenatal (TBT) and early postnatal exposures (oestrogens) stand as strong examples of endocrine disrupting compounds that permanently alter developmental programming.
Physicochemical, textural, sensory characteristics and storage stability of goat meat patties extended with full‐fat soy paste and soy granules
Authors: Das Arun K. , Anjaneyulu Anne Sita Ram , Verma Arun K. , Kondaiah Napa 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe performance of full‐fat soy paste (FFSP) with reduced beany flavour made by simple processing technology was compared with the commercially available textured soy granules in goat meat patties. Addition of soy proteins (soy paste and soy granules) did not significantly affect the emulsion stability and product yield. Shrinkage of patties with soy paste was comparable with control. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in redness and increase in yellowness of patties was due to addition of soy proteins than in control. Patties with soy paste had comparable but slightly higher total lipid and cholesterol content with that of control but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than patties with soy granules. Lower force was required to compress or shear the sample, as hardness decreased in soy‐added patties. Flavour and overall acceptability scores between control and patties with soy paste did not differ significantly, whereas patties with soy granules were rated significantly lower. The patties remained stable with minor changes in physicochemical, microbiological and sensory quality during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) for 20 days. It is concluded from this study that FFSP had potential application similar to commercially available textured soy granules in comminuted meat products.
Production of zero trans Iranian vanaspati using chemical transesterification and blending techniques from palm olein, rapeseed and sunflower oils
Authors: Farmani Jamshid , Hamedi Manouchehr , Safari Mohammad 
Published: January 2008

SummaryChemical transesterification and blending techniques were used for producing zero trans fats suitable for use as Iranian vanaspati. Triple blends of palm olein (POo), rapeseed (RSO) and sunflower oil (SFO) were subjected to two different treatments: (i) blending and then transesterification (BT) and (ii) transesterification of pure POo before blending with RSO and SFO (TB). The changes in slip melting point (SMP), solid fat content (SFC), carbon number (CN) triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, induction period (IP) of oxidation at 120 °C and IP of crystallisation at 20 °C of blends before and after treatments were investigated. Both BT and TB methods resulted in an increase in the CN48 TAG molecules, SMP and SFC, and a decrease in the IP of oxidation and crystallisation of initial blends. Samples made by TB method had higher CN48 TAG content, SMP, SFC and IP of oxidation, and lower IP of crystallisation than those made by BT method. Correlation between SFC at 20 °C and saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of the treated blends indicated that the SFA must be higher than 33.1% and 26.8% for BT and TB methods, respectively, to obtain fats suitable for use as vanaspati.
Effect of irradiation on the antioxidative and antigenotoxic activities of a green tea leaf and stem extract
Authors: Jo Cheorun , Jeong Seok‐Moon , Kim Soo‐Yeon , Park Eunju , Lee Seung‐Cheol 
Published: January 2008

SummaryGreen tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf and stem extract, a major byproduct of the green tea industry, was investigated for its antioxidative and antigenotoxic activities after 20 kGy of irradiation.In vitroantioxidative activities, including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition activities, and the reducing power were tested. Green tea leaf extract (GTLE) had higher antioxidative activities than the green tea stem extract (GTSE). Irradiation of 20 kGy to GTLE showed a decreasing tendency in DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide‐scavenging activities, and reducing power, while that to GTSE showed an increasing tendency of the antioxidative activities. Tyrosinase inhibition activity showed no difference on irradiation, in GTLE and GTSE. Overall, irradiation had positive influences on the antioxidative activity in the GTSE more than in the GTLE. Antigenotoxic effect of the green tea extracts on an oxidative DNA damage in human leucocytes by a DNA comet assay also indicated a protective effect of GTLE. The irradiated GTLE began to decrease the DNA damage significantly at 10 μg mL−1, which showed a higher inhibition activity than the non‐irradiated GTLE. The non‐irradiated and irradiated GTSE showed similar inhibition trends and they were comparable with that of the GTLE. Results suggest that the extract of GTSE, a major byproduct of the green tea industry, can be considered as a cost‐effective functional ingredient for industrial applications. Furthermore, irradiation of the GTSE may have beneficial effects on its functional activity.
Complexation between milk proteins and polysaccharides via electrostatic interaction: principles and applications – a review
Authors: Ye Aiqian 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThis article details recent research conducted on the complexation between milk proteins and polysaccharides and the properties of the complexes, and the application of such relationships to the food industry. Complexation between proteins and polysaccharides through electrostatic interactions gives either soluble complexes in a stable solution or insoluble complexes, leading to phase separation. The formation and the stability of these complexes are influenced by pH, ionic strength, ratio of protein to polysaccharide, charge density of protein and polysaccharide as well as processing conditions (temperature, shearing and time). The functional properties of milk proteins, such as solubility, surface activity, conformational stability, gel‐forming ability, emulsifying properties and foaming properties, are improved through the formation of complexes with polysaccharides. These changes in the functional properties provide opportunities to create new ingredients for the food industry.
Simultaneous determination of trace amounts of vanadium and molybdenum in water and foodstuff samples using adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry
Authors: Ensafi Ali A. , Khayamian Taghi , Khaloo Shokooh S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA new procedure is presented for the simultaneous determination of ultra trace amounts of vanadium and molybdenum based on adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV). Adsorptive accumulation of the V(V) and/or Mo(VI) with chromoxane cyanine R (CCR) onto a hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by reduction of the adsorbed species using differential pulse voltammetry method. Optimised conditions include a 60 s adsorption period at −0.10 V, 8.0 μm of CCR in 0.1 m acetate buffer, pH 3.6, and a voltammetric scan using differential pulse mode with 25 mV s−1 scan rate. Detection limits of 0.1 and 0.08 ng mL−1 were achieved for V(V) and Mo(VI), respectively, which can be lowered down to 0.06 and 0.04 ng mL−1 by extending the adsorption time to 180 s. The reduction currents are linear in the range of 0.3–24.0 ng mL−1 and 0.1–30.0 ng mL−1 for V(V) and Mo(VI), respectively. The relative standard deviation for ten replicates determination of 4.0 ng mL−1 V(V) and Mo(VI) were 1.8% and 1.1%, respectively. The proposed method applied for the determination of vanadium and molybdenum in river water, tap water, well water and plant foodstuff such as cucumber, tomato, carrot and tea.
Effect of iron compounds on the storage stability of multiple‐fortified Ultra Rice®
Authors: Li Yao , Diosady Levente L. , Jankowski Shirley 
Published: January 2008

SummaryUltra Rice® is an extruded, reformed rice grain used as a carrier for micronutrients. It holds great promise for alleviating micronutrient deficiencies in populations that consume rice‐based diets. We investigated the stability of multiple‐fortified Ultra Rice® formulations in an effort to develop a stable premix containing iron, zinc, and B vitamins. The performance of four iron sources was tested under accelerated storage conditions (40 °C, 60% RH) over a period of 32 weeks. The effects of the iron source on micronutrient retention, oxidative stability, and sensory/physical properties were measured. Formulations containing ferric pyrophosphate (FePP) were the most stable, showing minimal losses of thiamin and good sensory/physical properties. Formulations containing ferrous fumarate lost more than 50% thiamin, while those containing iron‐sodium‐EDTA showed minimal loss of thiamin but developed the most rancidity. FeNaEDTA and ferrous fumarate resulted in darker coloured grains but they had a much higher in vitro bioavailability than the formulations containing FePP. The concentrations of zinc, folic acid, and niacinamide were not affected by the presence of iron during the storage tests.
Rice bran protein‐based edible films
Authors: Adebiyi Abayomi P. , Adebiyi Ayobamitale O. , Jin Dong‐Hao , Ogawa Tomohisa , Muramoto Koji 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe development of degradable and edible films from protein sources has drawn significant attention for the utilisation of natural resources as well as for the alleviation of the environmental burden. Rice bran protein (RBP) was applied to protein film preparation in this study. The protein solutions were casted on plastic tissue culture dishes with glycerol as a plasticiser after heat treatment. Functional properties of the films were then measured. The puncture strength (PS) of RBP films increased up to pH 8.0 and then decreased. PS of protein films depends on the degree of protein purity, quality and composition. Higher concentration of glycerol weakened the films. The pH affected the water solubility of RBP films and the films showed least solubility at pH 3.0. RBP could be utilised in the preparation of degradable protein‐based films. The RBP‐based film had functional properties comparable to those of the soy protein‐based ones.
Survival of planktonic and sessile Acetobacter cerevisiae
Authors: Altieri Clelia , Speranza Barbara , Cardillo Daniela , Sinigaglia Milena 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThis study was designed to investigate the individual or combined effects of ethanol (4–12%), glucose (10–30%) and acetic acid (0–6%) on survival of planktonic and sessile cells of one strain belonging to the new species Acetobacter cerevisiae isolated from traditional balsamic vinegar. The results confirm that the planktonic cells’ survival was negatively affected by ethanol and by acetic acid; moreover, there was a positive correlation between survival and glucose concentration. On the contrary, biofilm formation was observed only in the absence of acetic acid, which was the most affecting variable on the natural ability of cells to attach and grow on surfaces. The obtained results supply new information about the physiology of a novel Acetobacter species and about its natural capability to develop biofilms so that improved control over balsamic vinegar fermentation could be implemented in the future.
Behaviour of some volatile compounds during distillation of fermented marc exposed to the smoking process
Authors: Porto Carla Da , Soldera Susi 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFermented marc was exposed to a controlled smoking process for 120, 240 and 460 min before distillation. To improve insight into the behaviour of ethanol and the partitioning of some volatile compounds, each distillate was collected in fractions (ethanol content from 24 to 59% vol) and analysed for the higher alcohols (2‐butanol,n‐butanol,n‐propanol, isoamyl alcohols,n‐hexanol) ethyl esters (ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, ethyl myristate and ethyl laurate) and volatile phenols (guaiacol, methyl guaiacol, ethyl guaiacol, propyl guaiacol, eugenol and isoeugenol). The results obtained showed that the behaviour of ethanol was not regular and the alcohol strength was lower when the smoking process was applied to fermented marc. The volatile phenols highlighted a distillation behaviour characterised by an increase in concentration at the end of the distillation process when ethanol decreased. Long time exposure of the marc to the smoking process resulted in higher reduction of ethanol, higher alcohols and ethyl esters. Instead, the volatile phenols increased with the duration of the smoking process.
Polyphenol content and antioxidative activity in apple purées with rhubarb juice supplement
Authors: Oszmiański Jan , Wojdyło Aneta 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of rhubarb juice addition and peeling in apple purée production and storage on its phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and colour. The apple material used in this study was of two varieties: Sampion and Idared. The apple purées prepared in three variants (control purées, peeling purées and purées with 5% of rhubarb juice) were stored for 3 and 6 months at 30 °C. Apple purées were investigated for their antioxidant activity, change of colour and contents of phenolic compounds plus the polymer procyanidins and degree of polymerization (DP). The preparation of purées from apples without peeling and the addition of rhubarb juice during purée preparation had significant influence on polyphenol content. The purée prepared from peeled apples of Idared variety had phenolic content 2.2 times lower than the control sample (non‐peeled apples). The highest level of total polyphenols was found in Idared + rhubarb sample (129.82 mg 100 g−1 purée). The content of this compound in Idared control sample was more than 2.8 times lower than in Idared purées with rhubarb. The use of non‐peeled Idared apples and 5% of rhubarb juice in purée preparation significantly increased polymeric procyanidins from 11.68 to 75.20 mg 100 g−1 and other phenolics from 9.23 to 54.62 mg/100 g. This effect for Sampion apples was smaller. The procyanidins during purées storage were more stable in samples with rhubarb juice addition. The purée samples with the addition of rhubarb juice had higher antioxidant activity measured using ABTS (2,2′azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid)) than purée samples without the addition (two times higher for Idared variety) of rhubarb juice. After 3 and 6 months of storage at temperature 30 °C, the antioxidant capacity decreased in all purées. Rhubarb juice had only high and positive effect on L* value in the case of Idared variety. The results showed that all Sampion apple purées had higher L* values than Idared.
Research on the extracting and anti‐oxidation dynamic characteristics of ginger oleoresin
Authors: Cheng‐Lun Liu , Derong Tang , Le Li 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe pore diameter distribution and specific surface area of ginger residue have been measured by ASAP2010 Physical Adsorption Instrument. The micro pore volume is 43%, and medium pore volume is 47%. An improved purifying condition on oleoresin is 50 °C, solid/liquid ratio 1:3 and extraction time is 1.5 h. Meanwhile, the dynamic equation has been gained by testing the change of peroxide value of liquid lard and rapeseed oil with time. The anti‐oxidation reaction of oleoresin has the dynamic characteristics of zero‐order reaction. The apparent active energy of the reaction is 5.11 kJ m−1. The oxidation of lard and rapeseed oil is free radical reaction. In addition, it is concluded that temperature and the content of dissolving oxygen simultaneously take effect on the oxidation of lard and rapeseed oil. The effect of time on acid value is irregularly altering in the system.
Effect of osmotic pretreatment on equilibrium moisture content of dehydrated carrot cubes
Authors: Singh Bahadur , Mehta Sanjeev 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe equilibrium moisture contents were determined for carrot cubes osmotically pretreated in salt, sucrose and salt plus sucrose combined solution using static method at 10, 25, 40 and 50 °C over a range of relative humidities from 14% to 95%. Six isotherm equations were applied for analysing the experimental data. Modified exponential equation, is the best equation for predicting the equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of the dehydrated carrot cubes preosmosed in salt and sucrose plus salt solution, whereas modified Hasley equation is suitable for dehydrated carrot cubes preosmosed in sucrose solution over the relative humidity range of 14–95%. The EMC of carrot cubes osmotically pretreated with salt was highest among all pretreatments, and was lowest for un‐osmosed samples.