bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Carbon‐14 Dextran to Human Blood Platelets and Red Blood Cells, in Vitro*
Authors: ROTHMAN S. , ADELSON E. , SCHWEBEL A. , LANGDELL R. D. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA carboxy‐labeled dextran fraction was incubated with human whole blood. The platelets and erythrocytes were separated by differential centrifugation and washed 6 times with compatible human plasma containing non labeled dextran. After the cells were oxidized by wet combustion, the CO2 was collected in an ionization chamber and the activity was determined with a Vibrating Reed Electrometer. It was found that 2.4 to 15.0 times 103 dextran molecules were associated with each cell. This indicates that much more than interstitial dextran remains with the cells.RésuméAprès incubation de sang humain avec une fraction de dextran marquee au carboxyle‐C14, les plaquettes et les globules rouges furent séparés par centrifugation différentielle et lavés 6 fois avec du plasma humain compatible contenant du dextran non marqué. Les cellules furent oxydées par combustion humide, le CO2 fut recueilli dans une chambre à ionisation et l'activité du C14 fut déterminée dans un électromètre à vibrations reed. Par cette méthode on put constater que 2,4 à 15,0 times 103 molécules de dextran étaient liées à chaque cellule. Cette quantité est beaucoup plus grande que celle qui puisse rester associée aux cellules par simple adhésion interstitielle.ZusammenfassungEine C14‐markierte Dextranfraktion wurde mit menschlichem Vollblut inkubiert. Anschließend wurden die Plättchen und die Erythrozyten durch Differential‐Zentrifugation getrennt und 6mal mit kompatiblem menschlichem Plasma, welches nicht markiertes Dextran enthielt, gewaschen. Hernach wurden die Zellen durch nasse Verbrennung oxydiert; das CO2 wurde in einer Ionisierungskammer gesammelt. Die Aktivität wurde mit einem vibrierenden Reed‐Elek‐trometer gemessen. Die Zelloberfläche der einzelnen Plättchen und Erythrozyten enthielt 2,4 ‐15,0 times 103 Dextranmoleküle. Dieser Befund ist ein Hinweis dafür, daß sich Dextran an der Oberfläche dieser Zellen anreichert.
Veränderungen der Agglutinabilität der Erythrozyten durch Lagerung in unterschiedlichem Milieu und ihre Beziehung zur Beurteilung der Kreuzprobe
Authors: MATTHES M. , ZIMMERLIN A. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe agglutinability of red cells in pilot tubes kept in the refrigerator was tested by titration every 3 days. Three types of blood were examined: (a) defibrinated whole blood, (b) blood mixed with Rous' solution, and (c) blood mixed with ACD solution. The antigens tested for were: A, B, C, D, E, c, e, K, Fya, Lea, Leb, M, N and P. The titers fell within 4 weeks by 2 to 4 dilution steps. Haemolysis was found to reduce agglutinability considerably or even to abolish it completely. The authors conclude that when a bottle of blood has been in the refrigerator for more than 2–3 weeks, a fresh sample should be obtained from the donor for compatibility testing, and this is indispensable if the bottle is older than 4 weeks.RésuméL'agglutinabilité de globules rouges conservés au réfrigérateur fut étudiée par titration tous les trois jours. Le sang ainsi examiné était soit du sang défibriné, soit mélangé avec de la solution de Rous ou avec de la solution ACD. L'étude s'étendit sur les antigènes suivants: A, B, C, D, E, c, e, K, Fya, Lea, Leb, M, N, et P. Après 4 semaines, une réduction du titre par 2 à 4 dilutions fut trouvée. Lorsque le sang a une tendance à l'hémolyse, l'agglutinabilité des globules est bien plus fortement réduite, voire annullée. Les auteurs concluent de leurs résultats que, lorsqu'une bouteille de sang est restée au réfrigérateur pendant plus de 2–3 semaines, il serait bon d'obtenir du donneur un nouvel échantillon pour les tests de compatibilité; ceci est même indispensable pand la bouteilIe est vieills de plus de 4 semaines.ZusammenfassungZur Klarung der Frage, wie weitgehend die Agglutinabilität der Erythrozyten in den Kreuzprobenriihrchen von Blutkonserven bei längerer Lagerungszeit zurückgeht, wurden in 3tägigen Abständen Titerbestimmungen von Erythrozyten durchgeführt, die

als defibriniertes Nativblut,
in Rous'scher Lösung,
in ACD‐Stabilisator

aufbewahrt waren.Die Titrierung erfolgte gegen die Agglutinogene A und B des ABO‐Systems, D, C, E, c und e des Rh‐Systems, K des Kellsystems, Fya des Duffysystems, Lea und Leb des Lewissystems, M und N des MN‐Systems und P des P‐Systems.Es zeigte sich dabei ein unterschiedlicher Titerrückgang, der zwischen 2 und 4 Stufen innerhalb von 4 Wochen lag. Sobald Blut zur Hamolyse neigt, ist die Agglutinabilität starker herabgesetzt bzw. aufgehoben. Die Bindungsfähigkeit der Antikörper an die Erythrozyten ist dagegen auch nach vierwöchentlicher Lagerung unverändert. Aus diesen Ergebnissen wird gefolgert, daß bei Blutkonserven, die länger als 2–3 Wochen im Kühlschrank gelagert sind, eine neue Blutprobe zur Durchführung der Kreuzprobe von Spendern abgenommen werden sollte. Als unerläßlich wird die Abnahme eines neuen Kontrollröhrchens jenseits der 4‐Wochen‐Grenze gefordert.
Cytochimie des leucocytes leukergiques
Authors: FLECK L. , LILLE‐SZYSZKOWICZ I. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe authors investigated leukergic leukocytes originating from the blood of rabbits.They applied cytochemical methods and have found a distinct correlation existing between glycogen, alkaline phosphatase and leukergy.Leukocytes appearing in the course of leukergic leukopoiesis are rich in glycogen and alkaline phosphatase.Glycogen constitutes an energetic material, and alkaline phosphatase is a factor determining the degree of intensity of metabolic processes of the said leukocytes.The authors consider that the results obtained by them are to be attributed to an increased immunological activity of the leukergic leukocytes.RésuméLes auteurs ont étudié, en utilisant la méthode cytochimique, les leucocytes leukergiques des lapins. Ils ont constaté une interdépendance prononcée entre le contenu de glycogêne et de phosphatase alcaline d'une part, et la leukergie d'autre part. Les leucocytes leukergiques sont abondamment pourvus de glycogène comme matière énergétique, et de phosphatase alcaline. Ce phénomène est en étroite liaison avec la capacité de défense antibactérienne accrue des leucocytes leukergiques.ZusammenfassungDie Autoren untersuchten mit zytochemischen Methoden leukergische Leukozyten von Kaninchen. Dabei fanden sie eine Beziehung zwischen der Leukergie und dem Gehalt der Zellen an Glykogen und Alkaliphosphatase. Bei gesteigerter Leukopoese enthalten die Leukozyten reichlich Glykogen und Alkaliphosphatase. Das Glykogen dient als Energiequelle, während die Alkaliphosphatase die Stoffwechselintensität reguliert. Die zytochemischen Befunde stehen offenbar in enger Beziehung zur erhöhten immunologischen Aktivität leukergischer Leukozyten.
Immunoelectrophoretic Investigation of the ϱ‐Proteins (Pre‐Albumins) of some Pathological Sera
Authors: Peetoom F. , Kramer Emmy 
Published: March 2009

SummaryBy means of immunoelectrophoresis a study on the ρ‐proteins (pre‐albumins) of patients' sera was performed. In different diseases the two ρ‐proteins demonstrated appeared to undergo important quantitative changes. Decrease of both ρ‐proteins was observed in the serum of patients who suffered from protein lack in the food, cirrhosis of the liver or important tissue breakdown. The ρ‐levels returned to normal in recovering patients. No lowering of the ϱ‐proteins was observed in the nephrotic syndrome.The significance of the ϱ‐protein deficiency and the possible connection between the ϱ‐protein level and the state of protein balance are discussed.RésuméUne étude des ϱ‐protéines (préalbuniines) a été pratiquée sur des sérums de malades au moyen de l'analyse immuno‐électrophorétique. Dans différentes maladies, les deux ϱ‐protéines mises en évidence semblent subir d'importantes modifications d'ordre quantitatif. Une diminution des deux ϱ‐protéines a été observée dans le sérum de patients ayant souffert d'une alimentation pauvre en protéines, de cirrhose du foie ou d'importantes destructions tissulaires. Le taux des ϱ‐protéines redevenait normal chez des patients guéris. Il n'a pas été observé de diminution des ϱ‐prottines dam Ies syndromes néphrotiques. La signification de la déhcience en ϱ‐protéines et le rapport possible entre le taux des ϱ‐protéines et l'état d'équilibre protéinique est discuté.ZusammenfassungMittels der Immunoelektrophorese wurden die ϱ‐Proteine (Präalbumin) in Pacientenseren untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß bei verschiedenen Krankheiten ausgeprägte Gehaltsverschiebungen beider ϱ‐Proteine vorkommen. Ein Schuund beider ϱ‐Proteine wurde bei Patienten mit eiweißarmer Ernährung, Lebercirrhose und allgemein gewebsdestruierenden Krankheiten beobachtet. Bei der Genesung wurde ein Anstieg des ϱ‐Proteinspiegels zur Norm festgestellt. Beim nephrotischen Syndrom wurde kein Absinken des ϱ‐Proteinspiegels beobachtet.
Cell Electrophoresis for the Detection of Platelet Antibodies
Authors: van Boxtel C.J. , van der Weerdt C.M. , Engelfriet C.P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Cell electrophoresis was studied as a method for the detection of antibodies against platelets. Use was made of a Zeiss cytopherometer. After replacement of the original copper‐copper sulfate electrodes by newly designed platinum electrodes, a good reproducibility of the method was obtained.Antiplatelet heteroantibodies and usually also antiplatelet isoantibodies were found to reduce the electrophoretic mobility of platelets. The influence of drug‐induced antiplatelet antibodies on the electrophoretic mobility appeared to be dependent on the presence of complement in the incubation mixture, as was the case with some anti‐red cell antibodies.From studies with sera from patients recovered or suffering from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and with platelets from patients with thrombocytopenia it was concluded that cell electrophoresis is unsuitable for the demonstration of the thrombocytopenic factor.
Anti‐I (A+B): An Autoantibody Detecting an Antigenic Determinant of I and a Common Part to A and B
Authors: Doinel C. , Ropars C. , Salmon C. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Some cold autoantibodies found in acquired hemolytic anemias react with both the A, B or H, and the I, blood group antigens. The agglutinating activity of such an autoantibody of the IgM type was studied by a quantitative method in an AB patient.This antibody agglutinated neither A, B and O red blood cells in the absence of the I antigen, nor the Bombay red cells. It agglutinated equally AI + and BI + red cells, and weakly the OI+ red cells. Both agglutinating activities towards the AI+ and BI+ red cells were observed to decrease simultaneously and partially upon absorption on OI + red cells, at 4°C. They disappeared simultaneously and completely upon absorption on either AI + or BI + red cells. The antibody absorbed on, and eluted from AI + red cells showed a similar agglutinating activity towards the AI + and the BI+ red cells; likewise, when it was absorbed on, and eluted from BI + red cells.The study of the antibody‐agglutinating activity and of its 7S subunit activity, as well as of the inhibitory activity of the Fab fragments, led to the conclusion that the observed results were due neither to a mixture of antibodies, nor to an anti‐I or an anti‐HI antibody, but to a cross‐reactivity between the A, B and 1 antigens. The antibody recognized a determinant which comprises I and some part shared by A and B. It can be named anti‐I (A+B).
Detection of Platelet Antibodies: a Comparison of Three Techniques
Authors: Helmerhorst F. M. , Bossers B. , de Bruin H. G. , Engelfriet C. P. , von dem Borne A.E.G. K. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. For the detection of auto‐antibodies on the platelets and in the serum of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, three new techniques have recently been developed: the quantitative antiglobulin consumption assay (QACA), the platelet radioactive anti‐globulin test (PRAT) and the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT). The results obtained by various investigators with these techniques differ considerably. We, therefore, studied the sensitivity of the three methods. This was done by testing platelet‐reactive allo‐antibodies (anti‐Zwa, anti‐HLA‐A2) and auto‐antibodies in titration.The results show that the PSIFT is the most sensitive technique, closely followed by the PRAT. The QACA was found to be much less sensitive than the other two methods. This suggests that a positive result in the QACA and a negative result in the PSIFT and/or PRAT cannot be attributed to the presence of platelet auto‐antibodies.
Baka, a New Platelet‐Specific Antigen Involved in Neonatal Allo‐Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: von dem Borne A.E.G. K. , von Riesz E. , Verheugt F.W.A. , ten Cute J. W. , Koppe J. G. , Engelfriet C. P. , Nijenhuis L. E. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A family is described in which the mother developed platelet‐specific antibodies, not directed against the antigens of the Zw(PlA) or the KO system. The antibodies were only detectable in the immunofluorescence test and the radioactive aqtiglobulin test on platelets, and proved to be mainly IgGl antibodies, although weak IgM antibodies of the same specificity were also detected.By cross‐absorption studies, investigation of the family and a small‐scale population study, it appeared that the antibodies were directed against a new antigen which we have called Baka. The frequency of the Baka phenotype in the Dutch population was 90.76%, the calculated genotype frequency 0.696. The Baka phenotype was neither sex‐linked nor, so far as evaluable, closely linked to other platelet, red‐cell, granulocyte, or HLA groups.The first child of this mother died of neonatal thrombocytopenia, the second child was unaffected. During the second pregnancy, the titre of the antibodies did not rise. The platelets of this child were found not to carry the Baka antigen.
Distribution of HBsAg Subtypes in the World
Authors: Couroucé‐Pauty Anne‐Marie , Plançon Annie , Soulier J.P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. HBsAg subtyping was performed in 5,337 sera from chronic carriers who originated from 54 different countries of the 5 continents. Nine subtypes were defined: ayw1, ayw2, ayw3, ayw4, ayr, adw2, adw4, adr q‐ and adr q+. The repartition of these subtypes, according to the country of origin of the carriers, enhances the previous results and supplies new data: ayw1 is prevalent only in Vietnam (51%); ayw2 in Mediterranean countries (73%); ayw3 in Greece and Yugoslavia (54%) along with ayw2 (41%); ayw4 in West Africa (82%) and Central Africa (42%) along with ayw2; ayr was only found in Vietnam (3.4%); adw2 is prevalent in North and Central Europe (70%), East and South Africa (95%), India (55%), along with ayw3 (35%) in northern South America (74%), and in the Antilles (82%); adw4 is widespread in French Polynesia (45%) — with a 100% frequency in the Marquesas archipelago — as well as in Argentina (42%); adr q‐ was found only in Oceania: French Polynesia (34%) with a 69% frequency in the Australes, New Caledonia (3 out of 3 HBsAg carriers); adr q+ is the prevalent subtype in South‐East Asia if we exclude Vietnam (61%).These results show that a precise geographical distribution of HBsAg subtypes needs more than ‘four main subtypes’ generally used. Enlarging from 4 subtypes to 9 is a requirement for valuable epidemiologic studies, as well as for the specification of anti‐HBs antibodies produced by hybrids or induced by synthetic peptide. The geographical distribution of these 9 HBsAg subtypes and the serological relationship between some determinants suggest a genetic recombination of viral DNA.
Contributions to the Optimal Use of Human Blood
Authors: Brummelhuis H.G.J. , Over J. , Duivis‐Vorst C.C. , Stürler L.A. Wilson‐de , Ates G. , Hoek P.J. , Reerink‐Brongers E.E. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Investigations were performed concerning the elimination of the risk of hepatitis B transmission of potentially infectious plasma derivatives by the addition of a low dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg). To this end, clotting factor VIII concentrate, prothrombin complex, C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate, plasminogen and antithrombin III were prepared from plasma strongly positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). To one half of every preparation, HBIg was added up to a final concentration of 0.4 IU anti‐HBs/ml (test preparations), the other half was not treated (control preparations). Furthermore, to 10‐3 diluted infectious reference plasma (Bureau of Biologics, FDA, USA), an overdose HBIg was added to a final concentration of about 0.4 IU anti‐HBs/ml.6 chimpanzees, injected either with the control plasma derivatives or with the untreated infectious reference plasma, were infected with hepatitis B virus, whereas 5 chimpanzees, injected either with the test plasma derivatives or the infectious reference plasma to which the HBIg had been added, did not show any evidence of hepatitis B infection during the follow‐up of 1 year. Addition of a low dose of HBIg to potentially infectious plasma derivatives appears to be a reliable measure to eliminate the hepatitis B transmission and is preferred to other methods for labile plasma derivatives.
Mouse Monoclonal Anti‐HBs and Its Use in the Screening of Donated Blood by Elisa
Authors: Els Maryna C. , Govender Mathaven , Marimuthu Thanapal , Bubb Martin O. , Conradie Jan D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA method is described for the production of mouse monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg. 4 clones produced antibodies directed at the a and one at the d determinant of HBsAg. These antibodies were conjugated to horse radish peroxidase and used in an Elisa for the detection of HBsAg in donated blood. Antibody C10 produced conjugate which rendered the Elisa as sensitive as a commercially obtainable immunoradiometric assay with which it was compared. Conditions for this assay were optimised and it may be used as a rapid (1 h) test for detecting HBsAg‐positive blood. It is practicable to read this Elisa by eye instead of photometrically and it can be thus used under field conditions or in emergencies.
A Genetic Marker of Human IgE Heavy Chains, Em(1)1
Authors: van Loghem Erna , Aalberse R.C. , Matsumoto H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA monoclonal anti‐IgE antibody was obtained that reacted with some IgE myeloma proteins and with all but a few normal sera. Family studies proved that a genetic marker of IgE had been detected. This allotype, called Em(1), segregates in association with certain Gm‐Am haplotypes. The available quantitative evidence warrants the conclusion that human IgE has genetic variants, but no subclasses. Samples from various populations of five continents, representative for the respective prevalent Gm‐Am haplotypes, were tested for Em(1). Em(1) was absent mainly in haplotypes carrying A2m(2) and G2m(n). These closely linked genes are located in a chromosomal region that comprises theγ2‐γ4‐ε‐α2CH genes. A hypothesis for the generation of Em(1) is given.
A Retrospective Study on Transmission of Adult T Cell Leukemia Virus by Blood Transfusion: Seroconversion in Recipients
Authors: Okochi Kazuo , Sato Hiroyuki , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPossible transmission of adult T cell leukemia virus (ATLV) by blood transfusion was studied retrospectively. Of 41 recipients of whole blood or blood components containing cells from donors having antibodies to antigen that is associated with ATLV (anti‐ATLA), 26 (63.4%) produced anti‐ATLA. However, no anti‐ATLA was detected in all 14 recipients of fresh‐frozen plasma prepared from anti‐ATLA‐positive donors. None of 252 recipients of blood with cell components from anti‐ATLA‐negative donors produced anti‐ATLA. The development of anti‐ATLA in the recipients may correspond to antibody production after establishment of primary infection with ATLV that is associated with cells in blood from anti‐ATLA‐positive donors who are ATLV carriers.
Influence of Heparin and Calcium Chloride on Assay, Stability, and Recovery of Factor VIII
Authors: Morgenthaler J.‐J. , Zuber T. , Friedli H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe influence of heparin alone or in conjunction with calcium chloride on the coagulation assay for factor VIII, on the stability of factor VIII in blood and in plasma, and on the recovery of factor VIII in cryoprecipitate and in an intermediate purity concentrate was investigated. A stabilizing effect of heparin and calcium on factor VIII activity in blood and plasma could be confirmed. We were, however, unable to make use of the higher activity that can, under certain circumstances, be recovered in the cryoprecipitates; this was mainly due to the poor solubility of cryoprecipitates prepared from heparinized blood. Heparin (or the absence of a calcium chelator) also interferes with the recovery of plasma components other than factor VIII.
A New Assay for Fibronectin Opsonic Activity and Its Application to Plasma and Plasma Fractions1
Authors: Chang Ming‐der , Chin Sing , Horowitz Bernard 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A homologous assay system for human plasma fibronectin opsonic activity is presented. The system utilizes peripheral leukocytes purified from leukocyte concentrates and a metabolizable, radiolabeled lipid emulsion which has been gelatin‐coated. The uptake of radiolabeled lipid was shown to depend on the presence of fibronectin and was stimulated by the addition of heparin. Both polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes were active in this system. That at least a portion of the incorporated radiolabeled lipid emulsion was phagocytosed was indicated through the use of metabolic inhibitors, trypsin, and direct electron microscopic observation.This assay was applied to the analysis of donor plasma and plasma fractions. Opsonic activity levels measured with this assay system were shown to correlate (p = 0.05) with the level of fibronectin antigen in 17 samples of dialyzed normal donor plasma. Fibronectin opsonic activity was retained by outdated liquid plasma, cryo‐depleted plasma, and cryoprecipitate; however, Cohn fraction I appeared to lose considerable fibronectin opsonic activity relative to fibronectin antigen.
A Further Example of IgM Anti‐K2 (Cellano)
Authors: Dinning G. , Doughty R. W. , Collins A.K. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. An example of a cold‐reacting IgM anti‐K2 is described. The patient has a history of blood transfusion and two pregnancies. It is, therefore, not possible to differentiate between natural occurrence or immune stimulation as an explanation of this antibody's presence.In 1966, Thomas and Konugres reported an unusual example of anti‐K2 composed entirely of IgM and reacting optimally at 20°C, although some reactions at 37°C were observed. We wish to report a further example which does not react at 37°C.