bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A procedure for the measurement of infant skin conductance and its initial validation using clap induced startle
Authors: Ham Jacob , Tronick Ed 
Published: August 2008

AbstractStudies examining psychophysiologic markers of infant emotional development abound. However, few studies have used skin conductance (SC), though it measure's sympathetic activity, and none have measured SC on infants sitting up and actively engaged with another person, a significant challenge given the measures sensitivity to movement artifact. In this pilot/feasibility study, we present a procedure for measuring infant SC during active engagement with another person who executes a series of startling claps to elicit an SC response. We measured SC on the plantar surface of the foot of seventeen 5‐month‐old infants. We found unconditioned SC responses that were related to the intensity of physical startle reactions for each clap trial. We also found anticipatory, conditioned SC responses that occurred within 5 s before each clap that occurred when the researcher raised his clasped hands. These conditioned SC responses grew linearly in intensity over trials. We conclude that SC may be a useful addition to the infant researcher's armamentarium and may indeed be used to measure physiologic reactivity in infants even when actively engaged with another person. Addition of SC measurement to research on infant emotion and emotional communication is likely to advance our understanding of the psychophysiologic foundations of infant emotional development. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 626–631, 2008.
Olfactory learning in the rat neonate soon after birth
Authors: Miller Stacie S. , Spear Norman E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe first hours of a newborn rat's life entail locating and attaching to the mother's nipple not only for nutrition but also for protection and warmth. The present study sought to characterize olfactory learning in the rat neonate immediately after birth. Newborn rats were exposed to an odor at various time periods soon after birth and tested for behavioral activation and attachment to a surrogate nipple in the presence of this odor at 4–5 hr postpartum. Regardless of when pups were presented the odor (0, 1, or 2 hr after birth) motor activity was greater among pups previously exposed to the odor than pups with no odor experience. Similarly, latency to attach to the nipple in the presence of the odor was lower among odor‐preexposed pups, especially when odor exposure began within an hour of cesarean delivery. Odor exposure immediately after birth for just 15 min was sufficient to increase motor activity and to decrease latency to attach to a similarly scented surrogate nipple. These results suggest that olfactory experience very soon after birth can shape subsequent olfactory responses. The relative importance of the dearth of postnatal experience or of elevated neurochemicals immediately after birth and possible associative mechanisms underlying this learning is discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 554–565, 2008.
Neuroendocrine dysregulation following early social deprivation in children
Authors: Fries Alison B. Wismer , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Pollak Seth D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHuman and nonhuman animal studies reveal that early experiences with caregivers shape children's ability to regulate their responses to stress. To understand the effects of early deprivation on the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis following social interactions, we examined urinary cortisol levels in a group of internationally adopted children who had experienced institutional care, and thus, species‐atypical attachment relationships, early in life prior to adoption. Cortisol regulation was assessed both basally and following standardized interpersonal interactions between the child and his/her mother and the child and an unfamiliar adult. Postinstitutionalized children showed prolonged elevations in cortisol levels following the mother, but not the stranger, interaction. More severe neglect was associated with the highest basal cortisol levels and the most impaired cortisol regulation following the mother interaction. These results suggest that early social deprivation may contribute to long‐term regulatory problems of the stress‐responsive system, and that these differences are most evident within the context of ongoing, close interpersonal relationships. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 588–599, 2008.
The impact of stimulus type and early motherhood on attentional processing
Authors: Purhonen Maija , Valkonen‐Korhonen Minna , Lehtonen Johannes 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe present study evaluated the impact of stimulus type and early motherhood on attentional processing. Auditory ERPs were recorded with a modified novelty oddball paradigm both in mothers who had recently given birth and in control women who were not in the state of early motherhood. Conventional tone pips were used as standards and deviants, and an infant cry served as an experimental stimulus of novelty value. Differences were revealed in the N100 amplitudes between the study groups with higher amplitudes in the mothers. A few days after childbirth the mothers seemed to be in a stage with an increased level of alertness and different types of surrounding stimuli may elicit a stronger arousal response than normally, not just those directly related to the new baby. The gating and the mechanisms of further processing of stimulus information were not different in mothers from controls and seemed to guarantee normal control of stimulus‐elicited cognitive load in early motherhood. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 600–607, 2008.
The progesterone receptor and parental behavior in juvenile rats
Authors: Nephew Benjamin C. , Lovelock Dennis F. , Bridges Robert S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractJuvenile rats exhibit enhanced parental behavior responses to foster pups from 18 to 25 days of age, compared to virgin adults. Previous studies in adult rats and mice suggest that progesterone can inhibit the display of parental care towards offspring. The present study investigated the role of progesterone in juvenile rat parental behavior. It is hypothesized that the decrease in parental responsiveness as juveniles age is due a progesterone‐dependent inhibitory mechanism. Groups of male and female juveniles were subcutaneously implanted with the progesterone antagonist RU486, progesterone, or control implants. All juveniles were then tested for parental behaviors. No significant effects of either RU486 or progesterone treatments on parental behavior latencies were detected in male or female juveniles. The current data support the concept that the mechanisms controlling juvenile and adult parental behavior are divergent. Progesterone does not seem to be involved in the display of parental behavior in juvenile rats. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 535–541, 2008.
Olfactory preference for own mother and litter in 1‐day‐old rabbits and its impairment by thermotaxis
Authors: Serra Jessica , Nowak Raymond 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe investigated the ability of rabbit pups to display preferences towards various elements of their postnatal environment during the stage of confinement in the nest. Subjects were submitted to a two‐choice test during the first week after birth to assess if they could detect and discriminate between does, litters of pups, or nesting materials of the same developmental stage. On D1 and D7, pups were attracted to any lactating doe, litter, or nest when compared to an empty compartment. When two stimuli were opposed, pups preferred their own nest to an alien one on D1 and D7 but not their mother nor their siblings when opposed to alien does or pups. However, additional tests indicated that this lack of preference for kin conspecifics resulted from a predominant attraction to thermal cues over individual odors. Indeed, pups were strongly attracted to a warm compartment (37°C) than to a cooler one (20°C) and once thermal cues were controlled for in the testing situation, the pups were specifically attracted to odors of their own mother's hair and of their siblings. No preference was observed towards the mother's uterine secretions. In conclusion, pups can recognize olfactory cues emanating from their mother and their siblings the day after birth. The preference for nesting materials would reflect in major part the combined attraction to maternal and sibling odors present in the nest. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 542–553, 2008.
The relevance of body weight in the medium‐term to long‐term course of adolescent anorexia nervosa. Findings from a multisite study
Authors: Steinhausen Hans‐Christoph , Grigoroiu‐Serbanescu Maria , Boyadjieva Svetlana , Neumärker Klaus‐Jürgen , Metzke Christa Winkler 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective:The relevance of repeated body mass index (BMI) assessments for long‐term outcome in anorexia nervosa (AN) was studied.Method:Two‐hundred and twelve adolescent patients aged 10–18 (Mean 14.9) years from five sites were followed up for an average of 8.3 years after first admission. Various predictors of BMI at follow‐up were analyzed.Results:In comparison to subjects with normal BMI (>17.5) at final follow‐up, subjects with BMI <17.5 had significantly lower age‐adjusted BMI prior to onset of the disorder and at discharge from first admission. In addition, all outcome scores indicated poorer functioning in the group with BMI < 17.5. The BMI prior to onset of AN, the BMI at first hospital admission and discharge, and the BMI at final follow up were significantly correlated across time. Higher BMI prior to onset of AN, higher BMI at first discharge, and lower age at first admission predicted a normal BMI (>17.5) at follow‐up in a model of logistic regression.Conclusion:The long‐term outcome of adolescent AN reflects the normal tracking of BMI over time. Presumably, the tracking in AN patients is somewhat reduced in comparison to healthy subjects. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Electrochemical Properties and Range of Application of Mixed Gold Bismuth Electrodes
Authors: Skogvold Silje Marie , Mikkelsen Øyvind 
Published: August 2008

AbstractElectrochemical properties for mixed gold‐bismuth electrodes have been evaluated. Increased overpotential towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was found as a function of increased bismuth content in the gold‐bismuth mixture. Compared to a bare gold electrode, the overvoltage was increased by 80 mV for gold with 2% bismuth added (AuBi2), 170 mV for 6% bismuth added (AuBi6), and 580 mV for 25% bismuth added (AuBi25). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a NaOH solution was also carried out to study the formation of different oxide products on the surface. The practical use of such electrodes was demonstrated by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) for the detection of copper and mercury, and good linearity was found even for concentrations down to 0.25 μg/L. In addition to stability tests in NH4Cl, the analytical use and stability over time were evaluated in purified scrubbing water and polluted river water.
Heritability of bone density: Regional and gender differences in monozygotic twins
Authors: Tse Kevin Y. , Macias Brandon R. , Meyer R. Scott , Hargens Alan R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of a person's skeletal mineral content, and assessing BMD by dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) can help to diagnose diseases of low bone density. In this study, we determine the heritability of BMD in male and female monozygotic twin subjects using DEXA in 13 specific anatomical regions. In an attempt to quantify the genetic contribution of gender and skeletal region to BMD heritability, we scanned 14 pairs of identical twins using DEXA and calculated the broad‐sense heritability coefficient (H2) in each of the 13 different body regions. The region of the body that was most heritable for both genders was the head (H2 ≥ 95%). When males were compared to females, H2 values for male hip (H2 = 87%) and lower extremities (H2 = 90%) were higher than those in females (H2 = 49% and 56%, respectively). Conversely, H2 value for the female pelvis (H2 = 68%) was higher than that for males (H2 = 26%). These data show that different regions of the skeleton exhibit different degrees of heritability, and that the variation depends on gender. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:150–154, 2009
Subrupture tendon fatigue damage
Authors: Fung David T. , Wang Vincent M. , Laudier Damien M. , Shine Jean H. , Basta‐Pljakic Jelena , Jepsen Karl J. , Schaffler Mitchell B. , Flatow Evan L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe mechanical and microstructural bases of tendon fatigue, by which damage accumulates and contributes to degradation, are poorly understood. To investigate the tendon fatigue process, rat flexor digitorum longus tendons were cyclically loaded (1–16 N) until reaching one of three levels of fatigue damage, defined as peak clamp‐to‐clamp strain magnitudes representing key intervals in the fatigue life: i) Low (6.0%–7.0%); ii) Moderate (8.5%–9.5%); and iii) High (11.0%–12.0%). Stiffness, hysteresis, and clamp‐to‐clamp strain were assessed diagnostically (by cyclic loading at 1–8 N) before and after fatigue loading and following an unloaded recovery period to identify mechanical parameters as measures of damage. Results showed that tendon clamp‐to‐clamp strain increased from pre‐ to post‐fatigue loading significantly and progressively with the fatigue damage level (p ≤ 0.010). In contrast, changes in both stiffness and hysteresis were significant only at the High fatigue level (p ≤ 0.043). Correlative microstructural analyses showed that Low level of fatigue was characterized by isolated, transverse patterns of kinked fiber deformations. At higher fatigue levels, tendons exhibited fiber dissociation and localized ruptures of the fibers. Histomorphometric analysis showed that damage area fraction increased significantly with fatigue level (p ≤ 0.048). The current findings characterized the sequential, microstructural events that underlie the tendon fatigue process and indicate that tendon deformation can be used to accurately assess the progression of damage accumulation in tendons. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:264–273, 2009
Changes of articular cartilage after immobilization in a rat knee contracture model
Authors: Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Ando Akira , Chimoto Eiichi , Saijo Yoshifumi , Ohmori‐Matsuda Kaori , Itoi Eiji 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe objective was to determine the changes of articular cartilage of the knee joint during immobilization in a rat model. The knee joints of adult male rats were immobilized at 150° of flexion using an internal fixator for 3 days, and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. The articular cartilage from the medial midcondylar region of the knee was obtained, divided into three areas (non‐contact area, transitional area, contact area), and in each area, a degree of degeneration was evaluated by gross observation, histomorphometric grading, and measurements of thickness and number of chondrocytes. Elasticity of the articular cartilage was estimated by measuring the sound speed with use of scanning acoustic microscopy. Degeneration of the articular cartilage was mainly observed in the contact and transitional areas. Matrix staining intensity by safranin‐O and number of chondrocytes were decreased in these two areas. The thickness of the articular cartilage in the non‐contact and contact areas was unchanged, but it was increased in the transitional area. Decrease in sound speed was observed in the transitional area of both the femoral and tibial cartilage, indicating the softening of the articular cartilage. The changes of articular cartilage became obvious as early as 1 week after immobilization. These changes may be due to a lack of mechanical stress or a lack of joint fluid circulation during immobilization. Although we do not know the reversibility of these changes of articular cartilage, early mobilization is preferable to avoid these cartilage changes. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:236–242, 2009
Lubricin surface modification improves tendon gliding after tendon repair in a canine model in vitro
Authors: Taguchi Manabu , Sun Yu‐Long , Zhao Chunfeng , Zobitz Mark E. , Cha Chung‐Ja , Jay Gregory D. , An Kai‐Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of lubricin on the gliding of repaired flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons in vitro. Canine FDP tendons were completely lacerated, repaired with a modified Pennington technique, and treated with one of the following solutions: saline, carbodiimide derivatized gelatin/hyaluronic acid (cd‐HA‐gelatin), carbodiimide derivatized gelatin to which lubricin was added in a second step (cd‐gelatin + lubricin), or carbodiimide derivatized gelatin/HA + lubricin (cd‐HA‐gelatin + lubricin). After treatment, gliding resistance was measured up to 1,000 cycles of simulated flexion/extension motion. The increase in average and peak gliding resistance in cd‐HA‐gelatin, cd‐gelatin + lubricin, and cd‐HA‐gelatin + lubricin tendons was less than the control tendons after 1,000 cycles (p < 0.05). The increase in average gliding resistance of cd‐HA‐gelatin + lubricin treated tendons was also less than that of the cd‐HA‐gelatin treated tendons (p < 0.05). The surfaces of the repaired tendons and associated pulleys were assessed qualitatively with scanning electron microscopy and appeared smooth after 1,000 cycles of tendon motion for the cd‐HA‐gelatin, cd‐gelatin + lubricin, and cd‐HA‐gelatin + lubricin treated tendons, while that of the saline control appeared roughened. These results suggest that tendon surface modification can improve tendon gliding ability, with a trend suggesting that lubricin fixed on the repaired tendon may provide additional improvement over that provided by HA and gelatin alone. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:257–263, 2009
Versatility of a posterior‐wall‐first anastomotic technique using a short‐thread double‐needle microsuture for atherosclerotic arterial anastomosis
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Okazaki Mutsumi , Takushima Akihiko , Shiraishi Tomohiro , Omori Mifue , Harii Kiyonori 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTo perform safe anastomosis for atherosclerotic arteries, we employed a posterior‐wall‐first anastomotic technique with a short‐thread double‐needle microsuture. Between October 2005 and September 2007, we performed 17 free flap transfers to the head and neck regions with this technique. Fifteen of 17 patients had one or more risk factors for atherosclerosis. In all patients except one, the superior thyroid artery was employed as a recipient artery and end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed close to its origin with the external carotid artery. Postoperatively, no anastomotic thrombosis occurred in any patients. The greatest advantage of the double‐needle microsuture is that each stitch can be placed from the inner side of the arterial wall to the outer side. This “inner‐to‐outer” stitch secures full‐thickness bite and minimizes intimal damage. Safe and reliable anastomosis could be carried out in an unfavorable setting because the double‐needle suture offers a high degree of freedom in suture placement. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
The basilic vein: An alternative drainage of DIEP flap in severe venous congestion
Authors: Guzzetti Tommaso , Thione Alessandro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap has become a major advance in autologous breast reconstruction, offering all the advantages of free TRAM flap with less donor‐site morbidity and postoperative pain. The major drawback threatening the DIEP flap procedure is venous congestion, with potential partial or complete flap loss. Many authors reported different surgical tips aiming to solve this setback, including secondary anastomosis of deep inferior superficial epigastric vein with alternative venous outflow vessels. We present a case report of a DIEP flap salvaged by an alternative venous anastomosis, after comitant veins of the primary anastomosis widely thrombosed a few hours postoperatively. A venous bypass using ipsilateral basilica vein and superficial inferior epigastric vein was fashioned. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Customized reconstruction with the free anterolateral thigh perforator flap
Authors: Engel Holger , Gazyakan Emre , Cheng Ming‐Huei , Piel David , Germann Guenter , Giessler Goetz 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFrom April of 2003 through September of 2006, 70 free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps were transferred for reconstructing soft‐tissue defects. The overall success rate was 96%. Among 70 free ALT flaps, 11 were elevated as cutaneous ALT septocutaneous vessel flaps. Fifty‐seven were harvested as cutaneous ALT myocutaneous “true” perforator flaps. Two flaps were used as fasciocutaneous perforator flaps based on independent skin vessels. Fifty‐four ALT flaps were used for lower extremity reconstruction, 11 flaps were used for upper extremity reconstruction, 3 flaps were used for trunk reconstruction, and 1 flap was used for head and neck reconstruction. Total flap failure occurred in 3 patients (4.28% of the flaps), and partial failure occurred in 5 patients (7.14% of the flaps). The three flaps that failed completely were reconstructed with a free radial forearm flap, a latissimus dorsi flap and skin grafting, respectively. Among the five flaps that failed partially, three were reconstructed with skin grafting, one with a sural flap, and one with primary closure. The free ALT flap has become the workhorse for covering defects in most clinical situations in our center. It is a reliable flap with consistent anatomy and a long, constant pedicle diameter. Its versatility, in which thickness and volume can be adjusted, leads to a perfect match for customized reconstruction of complex defects. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Intraoral coverage of defects with the superficial epigastric fat flap in rats
Authors: Mücke Thomas , Hölzle Frank , Loeffelbein Denys J. , Haarmann Stephan , Becker Karen , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Kesting Marco R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe standard superficial epigastric artery flap has become a reliable model for flap research. The purpose of this study was to design a flap model in the rat, with the possibility of intraoral coverage of defects. A fat flap based only on the medial trunk of the superficial epigastric vessels was generated, raised to the neck, and used for the coverage of a created intraoral defect in 28 Sprague‐Dawley rats. Twenty‐five epigastric flaps were raised and anastomosed to the neck, and three flaps were sutured into the oral cavity as a control without anastomosing the vessels to the rat's neck. For histological examination, each of the five flaps was harvested after 7, 14, and 35 days. A total of five rats died perioperatively, and 23 rats survived. One epigastric fat flaps became necrotic, which attracted attention by dehiscence after 3 or 4 days postoperatively, consisting of one anastomosed and all nonvascularized flaps. A swollen cheek was noted in these cases after about 5 days. Although this model demands the control of basic microsurgical techniques, it is possible to use it as a training model for further refining microsurgical techniques in flap raising. It is planned to use this flap as a model for healing purposes in the oral cavity. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.