bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the performance of parallel mining of minimal unique itemsets on diverse architectures
Authors: Haglin D. J. , Mayes K. R. , Manning A. M. , Feo J. , Gurd J. R. , Elliot M. , Keane J. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThree parallel implementations of a divide‐and‐conquer search algorithm (called SUDA2) for finding minimal unique itemsets (MUIs) are compared in this paper. The identification of MUIs is used by national statistics agencies for statistical disclosure assessment. The first parallel implementation adapts SUDA2 to a symmetric multi‐processor cluster using the message passing interface (MPI), which we call an MPI cluster; the second optimizes the code for the Cray MTA2 (a shared‐memory, multi‐threaded architecture) and the third uses a heterogeneous ‘group’ of workstations connected by LAN. Each implementation considers the parallel structure of SUDA2, and how the subsearch computation times and sequence of subsearches affect load balancing. All three approaches scale with the number of processors, enabling SUDA2 to handle larger problems than before. For example, the MPI implementation is able to achieve nearly two orders of magnitude improvement with 132 processors. Performance results are given for a number of data sets. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Middleware extensions that trade consistency for availability
Authors: Asplund Mikael , Nadjm‐Tehrani Simin , Zagar Klemen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractReplicated distributed object systems are deployed to provide timely and reliable services to actors at distributed locations. This paper treats applications in which data updates are dependent on satisfaction of integrity constraints over multiple objects. Network partitions, caused by occasional link failures, overload or attacks create problems in keeping both consistency and availability in such networks. We propose a means of achieving higher availability by providing partition‐awareness in middleware. The general approach has been illustrated by implementing a number of CORBA extensions that trade consistency for availability during network partitions. This paper contains a thorough experimental evaluation that presents the gains and costs of our approach. The experiments clearly illustrate the benefit of our protocols in terms of significantly higher availability and the number of performed operations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel eigenvalue reordering in real Schur forms
Authors: Granat R. , Kågström B. , Kressner D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA parallel algorithm for reordering the eigenvalues in the real Schur form of a matrix is presented and discussed. Our novel approach adopts computational windows and delays multiple outside‐window updates until each window has been completely reordered locally. By using multiple concurrent windows the parallel algorithm has a high level of concurrency, and most work is level 3 BLAS operations. The presented algorithm is also extended to the generalized real Schur form. Experimental results for ScaLAPACK‐style Fortran 77 implementations on a Linux cluster confirm the efficiency and scalability of our algorithms in terms of more than 16 times of parallel speedup using 64 processors for large‐scale problems. Even on a single processor our implementation is demonstrated to perform significantly better compared with the state‐of‐the‐art serial implementation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evolutionary game algorithm for grid resource allocation under bounded rationality
Authors: Li Zhi‐Jie , Cheng Chun‐Tian 
Published: February 2009

AbstractResource allocation cannot reach equilibrium in one‐off game in grid environment because of the bounded rationality of the users. To address this issue, an evolutionary game algorithm for grid resource allocation is proposed in this paper. The evolutionary game theory is introduced to study the selection process of user strategy from the dynamic viewpoint. Firstly, the problem of multiple users competing for a common resource is formulated as a symmetric game. Secondly, replicated dynamic mechanism is used to produce the evolutionary stable point that leads to a satisfied allocation scenario. Finally, the relationships among the evolutionary stable point, valuation functions, and convergence time are discussed in detail. The results of the experiments show that the proposed evolutionary game algorithm is convergent and generates better utility results compared with the classical game algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a virtual environment aided by a model‐based formal approach using DEVS
Authors: Boukerche Azzedine , Al Hamidi Abdulaziz , Zhang Ming 
Published: February 2009

AbstractVirtual environment (VE) is a modern computer technique that aims to provide an attracting and meaningful human–computer interacting platform, which can essentially help the human users to learn, to play or to be trained in a ‘like‐real’ situation. Recent advances in VE techniques have resulted in their being widely used in many areas, in particular, the E‐learning‐based training applications. Many researchers have developed the techniques for designing and implementing the 3D virtual environment; however, the existing approaches cannot fully catch up the increasing complexity of modern VE applications. In this paper, we designed and implemented a very attracting web‐based 3D virtual environment application that aims to help the training practice of personnel working in the radiology department of a hospital. Furthermore, we presented a model‐based formal approach using discrete event system specification (DEVS) to help us in validating the X3D components' behavior. As a step further, DEVS also helps to optimize our design through simulating the design alternatives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speeding up simulation applications using WinGrid
Authors: Mustafee Navonil , Taylor Simon J. E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe vision of grid computing is to make computational power, storage capacity, data and applications available to users as readily as electricity and other utilities. Grid infrastructures and applications have traditionally been geared towards dedicated, centralized, high‐performance clusters running on UNIX ‘flavour’ operating systems (commonly referred to as cluster‐based grid computing). This can be contrasted with desktop‐based grid computing that refers to the aggregation of non‐dedicated, de‐centralized, commodity PCs connected through a network and running (mostly) the Microsoft Windows operating system. Large‐scale adoption of such Windows‐based grid infrastructure may be facilitated via grid enabling existing Windows applications. This paper presents the WinGrid approach to grid‐enabling existing Windows‐based commercial‐off‐the‐shelf simulation packages (CSPs). Through the use of two case studies developed in conjunction with a major automotive company and a leading investment bank, respectively, the contribution of this paper is the demonstration of how experimentation with the CSP Witness (Lanner Group) and the CSP Analytics (SunGard Corporation) can achieve speedup when using WinGrid middleware on both dedicated and non‐dedicated grid nodes. It is hoped that this research would facilitate wider acceptance of desktop grid computing among enterprises interested in a low‐intervention technological solution to speeding up their existing simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general encoding framework for representing network measurement and topology data
Authors: Brown A. , Swany M. , Zurawski J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractScientific applications are evolving rapidly and rely heavily on the network for data movement, communication, control and result collection. This reliance on the network has increased the breadth of consumers of network status information while the increasing complexity of networks has expanded the diversity of the producers of this information. To enable this wide variety of producers and consumers to effectively interoperate, relevant standards are paramount.In this paper, we present a general model used to represent both network measurements collected from performance tools as well as describing the physical and logical characteristics of the underlying network. This system is currently being standardized in the Open Grid Forum to enable other uses within the wider grid and distributed computing community (Open Grid Forum, http://www.ogf.org/). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quadrupolar Chromophores for Voltage Sensing and White‐Light Generation
Authors: Painelli Anna , Terenziani Francesca 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA few‐state model predicts that spectral properties of some quadrupolar chromophores are affected by the application of static electric fields. These dyes can monitor neuronal activity (action potential), as a sensitive and versatile alternative to classical dipolar dyes and can also be used in organic LEDs: color‐tunable and/or white‐light emission is obtained by varying the working voltage (see chromaticity diagram).magnified image
Electrophilic ipso‐Substitution and Some Unique Reaction Behavior of 1,3,6‐Tri‐tert‐butylazulene
Authors: Shoji Taku , Ito Shunji , Okujima Tetsuo , Higashi Junya , Yokoyama Ryuji , Toyota Kozo , Yasunami Masafumi , Morita Noboru 
Published: February 2009

AbstractElectrophilic ipso‐substitution reactions between 1,3,6‐tri‐tert‐butylazulene (2) and several electrophilic reagents were examined. Friedel–Crafts and Vilsmeier reactions of 2 gave the corresponding ipso‐substitution products in moderate to excellent yields. One of the ipso‐substitution products, 1,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐3‐formylazulene (5), was converted in high yield into the synthetically more useful azulene derivative 1,6‐di‐tert‐butylazulene (1) by decarbonylation on treatment with pyrrole in acetic acid. Treatment of 2 with N‐[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (TPT) unexpectedly afforded 1‐trifluoromethylthioazulene 10 and 1(8H)‐azulenone 11. Compound 2 also reacted with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) to give an excellent yield of cycloaddition product 13, rather than the ipso‐substitution reaction product.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
In Situ Activation of a Latent Ruthenium–Carbene Complex in Ionic Liquid and Its Application in Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Kim Ju Hyun , Park Boyoung Y. , Chen Shu‐Wei , Lee Sang‐gi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCatalytically inactive, latent Ru–carboxylate complex 2, which was recently serendipitously isolated, can be activated in situ efficiently in ionic liquids (ILs) with the aid of imidazolium halides or tetrabutylammonium halides. The activity of the in situ activated catalyst was largely dependent on IL anions, imidazolium halides, and terabutylammonium halides. Under the optimal condition of 1.0 mol‐% of [bmim][Br] in CH2Cl2/[bmim][SbF6] (1:1), latent Ru complex 2 was activated in situ to catalyze the ring‐closing metathesis of various dienes with conversions of up to >99 %. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and Photophysical Characterisation of Fluorescent 8‐(1H‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐4‐yl)adenosine Derivatives
Authors: Dyrager Christine , Börjesson Karl , Dinér Peter , Elf Annelie , Albinsson Bo , Wilhelmsson L. Marcus , Grøtli Morten 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA series of 8‐(1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐substituted adenosine derivatives have been synthesised by using Sonogashira cross‐coupling and click chemistry. The use of click chemistry enables an easy access to different substituents in the 4‐position of the triazole ring. The modified nucleosides show high absorptivities due to a single strongly allowed electronic transition and, for some of the derivatives, high quantum yields in organic as well as in water solution making them promising as fluorescent probes in nucleic acid contexts. Furthermore, the different substituents of the 1,2,3‐triazole makes the wavelength of emission tunable without changing the absorption properties substantially. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Sensitivity improvement by using contactless conductivity rather than indirect UV detection for the determination of enantiomeric purity of amines by CE
Authors: Lecoeur‐Lorin Marie , Delépée Raphaël , Morin Philippe 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) system for CE with a flexible detection cell was applied for the enantioseparation of small chiral underivatized amines using chiral crown ether or CD as chiral selector. Since these compounds are poorly UV‐active, C4D was an alternative detection mode. The composition (ionic strength, pH, chiral selector) of the electrolyte was optimized in order to be suitable for C4D. (−)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid was required as chiral selector to resolve the enantiomers of small polar amines. However, trimethyl‐β‐CD was suitable to separate amines possessing hydrophobic carbon chains. The performance of C4D was compared with indirect UV detection in terms of sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy. The linearity range of C4D was very large (1.5–1600 μg/mL) compared with the indirect UV linearity range (25–400 μg/mL) and allowed the determination of the enantiomeric purity of isopinocampheylamine up to 0.25%. The CE–C4D method has been fully validated by applying a novel strategy using accuracy profiles. All relative biases of the developed method were included within the ±15% limits of acceptance. C4D is a good alternative to indirect UV detection for the enantioseparation of non‐UV absorbing amines since the method development is fast and easy and, the sensitivity is improved by a factor of 100 compared with that of the indirect UV mode.
Cognitive‐behavior therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome: is improvement related to increased physical activity?
Authors: Friedberg Fred , Sohl Stephanie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis multiple case study of cognitive‐behavioral treatment (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared self‐report and behavioral outcomes. Eleven relatively high‐functioning participants with CFS received 6–32 sessions of outpatient graded‐activity oriented CBT. Self‐report outcomes included measures of fatigue impact, physical function, depression, anxiety, and global change. Behavioral outcomes included actigraphy and the 6‐minute walking test. Global change ratings were very much improved (n=2), much improved (n=2), improved (n=5), and no change (n=2). Of those reporting improvement, clinically significant actigraphy increases (n=3) and decreases (n=4) were found, as well as no significant change (n=2). The nature of clinical improvement in CBT trials for high‐functioning CFS patients may be more ambiguous than that postulated by the cognitive‐behavioral model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 65:1–20, 2009.
The synthesis and application of 2‐acetyl‐6‐(1‐naphthyl)‐pyridine oxime as a new ligand for palladium precatalyst in Suzuki coupling reaction
Authors: Zhou Yongchang , Kijima Tatsuro , Izumi Taeko 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe synthesis of 2‐acetyl‐6‐(1‐naphthyl)‐pyridine oxime ligand from 2,6‐dibromopyridine and 1‐bromo‐naphthalene is described, and the new palladium(II) complex used as a Pd(0) precatalyst in the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction was studied. The results showed that the novel naphthalene pyridine oxime complex could serve as an efficient precatalyst. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 116 (2009).
An efficient Biginelli one‐pot synthesis of new benzoxazole‐substituted dihydropyrimidinones and thiones catalysed by alumina‐supported trifluoromethane sulfonic acid under solvent free conditions
Authors: Arjun M. , Sridhar D. , Chari M. Adharvana , Sarangapani M. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageAn efficient synthesis of benzoxazole‐substituted 3,4‐dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) using alumina supported trifluoromethane sulfonic acid as the catalyst for the first time from an aldehyde, β‐keto ester, and benzoxazole‐substituted urea and thiourea under solvent‐free conditions is described. When compared with the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new method consistently has the advantage of excellent yields (80–93%) and short reaction time (30–120 minutes) at 120°C temperature. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 119 (2009).
PhI(OAc)2‐Al2O3 mediated synthesis of 1,8‐naphthyridinyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles under microwave irradiation
Authors: Mogilaiah K. , Anitha E. , Babu H. Sharath , Swamy T. Kumara 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageAlumina‐supported iodobenzene diacetate [PhI(OAc)2‐Al2O3] is a highly efficient reagent for the oxidative cyclization of [o‐(1,8‐naphthyridin‐2‐yl)phenoxy]acetic acid arylidene hydrazides 4 to 5‐aryl‐2‐[o‐(1,8‐naphthyridin‐2‐yl)phenoxymethyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles 5 in solvent‐free conditions under microwave irradiation. The products are obtained in good yields and in a state of high purity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 127 (2009).
One‐pot microwave‐assisted solvent free synthesis of simple alkyl 1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylates by using trimethylsilyl azide
Authors: Taherpour Avat Arman , Kheradmand Khojasteh 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA fast one‐pot microwave‐assisted solvent free synthesis of simple alkyl 1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylate derivatives by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions with trimethylsilyl azide (Me3Si‐N3) on the alkylpropiolates and DMAD in high yields is described. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 131 (2009)
Environmental change in northern Belize since the latest Pleistocene
Authors: Metcalfe Sarah , Breen Ann , Murray Malcolm , Furley Peter , Fallick Anthony , McKenzie Angus 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCores from the New River Lagoon in Belize have been analysed using a range of palaeolimnological proxies to reconstruct change since the latest Pleistocene. The combination of diatom and stable isotope analyses (supported by mineralogical and major element data) indicate that the New River Lagoon has been a freshwater system throughout the period of record. For most of this time the lagoon has been hydrologically open, but there are indications that it may have become closed in the latest Pleistocene or very early Holocene. This may have been associated with a drier climate and lower sea level. Mid‐Holocene records are consistent with those from elsewhere in the region, indicating a stable and moist climate. The late Holocene was marked by greater variability, but there is no clear evidence of any drying in the late Classic coincident with the Maya ‘collapse’ ca. AD 900. Our results indicate that the continuity of occupation at the Maya site of Lamanai on the shores of the New River Lagoon is consistent with continued access to freshwater during periods of regional climatic variability. The importance of conditions at individual sites when considering both system response and human vulnerability to climate change is emphasised. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metallic compounds (arsenic trioxide and trimethyltin chloride) interact with calcium homeostasis and trigger cell death in “in vitro” systems
Authors: Florea A.‐M. , Büsselberg D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhile some metals are essential for normal cell function (e.g. zinc, selenium) others could be highly toxic (lead, mercury) and interestingly, some metallic species have dual effects being toxic and healing agents as well: e. g. arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is used to treat cancer but is also a classical carcinogen. While the mechanisms of interaction with living cells is not fully understood, we propose that the modification of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by metallic compounds could be a main reason of cytotoxicity and/or apoptosis.Here we have compared the effects of two metal compounds (As2O3) and timethyltin chloride (TMT) on intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis using “in vitro” cell models. Earlier experiments have shown that As2O3 and TMT modulate calcium signalling in tumour cells (human neuroblastoma, human cervix adenocarcinoma) as well as in non‐tumour cells (human embryonic kidney) by triggering calcium spikes as well as a sustained increase of [Ca2+]i. This increase was due to a release of Ca2+ from the intracellular calcium stores. Conclusion: metallic compounds like arsenic trioxide As2O3 and TMT interfere with calcium signals sharing some mechanism of action in living cells. In this mini‐overview we compare the effects of As2O3 and TMT on intracellular calcium homeostasis and we discuss possible common effects on triggering toxic effects.
An integrated simulation environment for human gait analysis and evaluation
Authors: Tändl M. , Stark T. , Raab D. , Erol N.E. , Kecskeméthy A. , Löer F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInstrumental gait analysis allows a quantifiable documentation of human gait and motion characteristics. For this reason, this method is widely used for the diagnosis of pathological walking patterns and the rating of therapeutic measures. A drawback of existing systems is their closed architecture, as well as the special knowledge necessary for interpretation and processing of the results. Furthermore, radiological measurements are rarely fused with the gait motion data. This paper describes a new simulation environment suitable for human gait analysis which uses methods of kinematics, dynamics, segmentation and optimization to provide an evaluation of gait motion and radiological data which can be employed for direct medical interpretation. The objective of the simulation environment is a gait‐analysis software that can be used to produce clinically employable results in hospitals, surgeries and individual practice without the need of additional technical staff.
Cell and protein adsorption studies using . quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring
Authors: Moseke C. , Ewald A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe adsorption of plasma proteins fibrinogen and fibronectin on Ti, TiO2 and steel surfaces was examined using quartz‐crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D). Subsequent coupling of epitope‐specific antibodies revealed information about the orientation of the protein molecules adhered to the surface, the results being confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements. QCM‐D was also utilized for the characterization of osteoblast and fibroblast adsorption on the same materials. The evaluation of dissipation shifts plotted vs. changes of the resonance frequency showed significant differences in the time‐dependent behavior of the two cell lines adsorbed to the three material surfaces, thus proving QCM‐D as a promising method for judging the specific cell reaction to a given surface and therefore predicting the in‐vivo performance of medical implants. This method is valid especially in combination with a well known biocompatible surface as a control.