bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aristotle on the Common Sense
Authors: Gregoric Pavel 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Apart from using our eyes to see and our ears to hear, we regularly and effortlessly perform a number of complex perceptual operations that cannot be explained in terms of the five senses taken individually. Such operations include, for example, perceiving that the same object is white and sweet, noticing the difference between white and sweet, or knowing that one's own senses are active. Observing that other animals must be able to perform such operations, and being unprepared to ascribe any share in rationality to them, Aristotle explained such operations with reference to a higher-order perceptual capacity which unites and monitors the five senses. This capacity is known as the ‘common sense’ (koine aisthesis, sensus communis). Unfortunately, Aristotle provides only scattered and opaque references to this capacity. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that the exact nature and functions of this capacity have been a matter of perennial controversy. This book offers an extensive and compelling treatment of the Aristotelian conception of the common sense, which has become part and parcel of Western psychological theories from antiquity through to the Middle Ages, and well into the early modern period. This book begins with an introduction to Aristotle's theory of perception and sets up a conceptual framework for the interpretation of textual evidence. In addition to analysing those passages which make explicit mention of the common sense, and drawing out the implications for Aristotle's terminology, this book provides an examination of each function of this Aristotelian faculty.
Historiography at the End of the Republic
Authors: Yarrow Liv Mariah 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis book starts at the end of Polybius' Histories, and investigates documentation of the Roman empire recorded by non-Romans. Intellectuals, being members of the social elite, controlled the wealth in a community and usually the political decision-making processes as well. After the destruction of Carthage and Corinth, Rome made the transition from military dominance to provincial administration and client states. This left local elites grasping for the remains of their political influence. The products of the intellectuals reflect the concerns of the day. Also the culture of intellectual exchange in place in the Mediterranean gave the local elite a means of communicating their anxieties and expectations. Historical texts offer the most explicit evidence of this trend. The texts of six contemporary historians of this period survive in enough detail to allow productive analysis: the author of 1 Maccabees, Posidonius, Diodorus Siculus, Pompeius Trogus, Nicolaus of Damascus, and Memnon of Heraclea. The book starts with a detailed analysis of the relationship between intellectuals and political authority. However, methodological difficulties are encountered because of the fragmentary nature of most of the surviving historical texts composed by non-Romans. Thus, the discussion continues by laying out an approach to the reliability of different forms of reliquiae. The remainder of the study looks at the political dimensions of the themes present in the contemporary history-writing of non-Romans, how narrative structures help to further the compositional objectives of each historian, and mythological and ethnographical characterizations of the Romans, their domestic affairs, and their involvement with the wider Mediterranean. The study also explores the portrayal of potential rivals for political dominion of the Mediterranean. The book shows that the historians are working not with models of endorsement or resistance, but instead with an eye to the pragmatic issues of harmonious co-existence. Rome is treated as an ultimate authority, intrinsically neither good nor bad.
S-Stem Nouns and Adjectives in Greek and
Proto-Indo-European
Authors: Meissner Torsten 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This book deals with one aspect of Greek and Proto-Indo-European nominal morphology: the formation, inflection, and semantics of s-stem nouns and adjectives. It uncovers the mechanisms of their creation and shows their limitation. The established view that the nouns are an unproductive category is challenged; at the same time, the expanding and partly changing nature of the basis governing the creation of the adjectives is explained. Morphology and semantics are studied in tandem, and a large chronological span of the Greek language is covered. The historical side is then extended into prehistory, and in particular the Greek evidence is tested against recent theories on Proto-Indo-European ablaut, leading to a reassessment of the morphonological characteristics in question.
Psychological Subjects
Authors: Thomson Mathew 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This book provides the first history of how psychological thinking developed as a feature of life in 20th-century Britain. It ranges from the start of the century to the 1970s, covering academic and professional psychology, but devoting particular attention to popularization. It offers case studies of the emergence of a discipline and of psychology in relation to self help, the ‘new age’, education, economic life, medicine and psychiatry, the Second World War, and the ‘permissive society’. Questioning previous emphasis on psychology as a tool of governance, it highlights its role in enabling the imagination of not just better selves but a better society. It argues that the appeal of psychological thinking has been underestimated in the British context, partly because its character has been misconstrued. Psychology found a role because rather than shattering values, it offered new life. The book considers the extent to which such an ethical and social psychological subjectivity survived the challenges of an industrial civilization; a crisis in confidence regarding human nature wrought by war and political extremism; and finally the emergence of a permissive society. It concludes that many assumptions about the route to psychological modernity — centred on the rise of psychoanalysis, individualism, and interiority, and focusing on the liberation of emotion, talk, relationships, and sex — need substantial revision, or at least setting alongside a rather different path when it comes to the Britain of 1900-70.
Fourier–Mukai Transforms
Authors: Huybrechts D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter introduces the central notion of a Fourier-Mukai transform between derived categories. It is the derived version of the notion of a correspondence, which has been studied for all kinds of cohomology theories for many decades. In fact, Orlov's celebrated result, which is stated but not proved, says that any equivalence between derived categories of smooth projective varieties is of Fourier-Mukai type. Fourier-Mukai functors behave well in many respects: they are exact, admit left and right adjoints, can be composed, etc. The cohomological Fourier-Mukai transform behaves with respect to grading, Hodge structure, and Mukai pairing.
First Report of Iris yellow spot virus in Commercial Leek (Allium porrum) in Spain
Authors: Córdoba-Sellés C. , Cebrián-Mico C. , Alfaro-Fernández A. , Muñoz-Yerbes M. J. , Jordá-Gutiérrez C. 
Published: September 2007

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus) has a wide host range, with onion (Allium cepa L.) being one of the most economically important hosts. The first report of IYSV in Spain was from Albacete in 2003 (1) followed by the Canary Islands in 2005. In November of 2006, disease symptoms suspected to be caused by IYSV were observed on the central and outer leaves of commercial leeks plants (cvs. Asthow, Edison, and Shelton) from Alicante, Spain. Symptoms consisted of dry, white-to-straw-colored, spindle-shaped, irregular chlorotic and necrotic lesions on the leaves. Tissue from symptomatic leaves was sampled and analyzed by a double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA with specific polyclonal antibodies against Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) (Biorad Phyto-Diagnostics, Marnes-La Coquette, France), IYSV, and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany). Five of seven leek samples belonging to the three cultivars tested were positive for IYSV. All samples were negative for the other viruses tested. The presence of IYSV was verified in the positive samples by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers derived from the nucleocapsid (N) gene of IYSV (1). RT-PCR gave a PCR amplicon of expected size (approximately 790 bp) from symptomatic leek plants. The product of one of the positive leek samples was purified and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EF427447). Nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the amplicon as that of the IYSV N gene. Sequence comparisons showed 99% identity with the sequence of the IYSV Spanish isolate available in GenBank (Accession No. EF419888). Thrips tabaci is the primary vector of IYSV. Although the vector is present in Spain, the efficiency of the Mediterranean ecotype in transmitting the virus is not known. Leek has been reported to be a host of IYSV in countries such as the Netherlands, Reunion Island, Australia, and the United States (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of leek with IYSV in Spain. References: (1) C. Córdoba-Sellés et al. Plant Dis. 89:1243, 2005. (2) H. F. Schwartz et al. Plant Dis. 91:113, 2007.
Impaired Maturation of Monocyte‐derived Dendritic Cells from Birch Allergic Individuals in Association with Birch‐specific Immune Responses
Authors: Casas R. , Skarsvik S. , Lindström A. , Zetterström O. , Duchén K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOptimal activation of T lymphocytes requires a costimulatory signal provided by the interaction of molecules on the surface of T cells with their ligands expressed on dendritic cells (DC). We investigated whether DC differentiated from monocytes from healthy and birch allergic asthmatic individuals and further maturated by stimulation with cat and birch allergens and LPS differ in their phenotypic receptor expression. Similar expression of DC surface markers, including HLA‐DR, CD80, CD86, CD83, CD1a and CD11c, was detected in monocyte‐derived DC from allergic and healthy individuals. Cells from healthy donors stimulated either antigen showed a similar activation of the CD80 and double CD80/CD86 costimulatory molecules when compared with non‐stimulated cells. In the case of cells from allergic individuals, birch allergen was unable to produce the same increased expression of CD80 alone or in combination with CD80/CD86, in comparison with cells stimulated with cat and LPS. Levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, MCP‐1/MCAF and MIP‐1β were similar in the supernatant of non‐stimulated DC from both groups of subjects. By contrast, the spontaneous secretion of IL‐12p70 and TNF‐α was higher in the supernatant of DC from healthy subjects when compared with that from allergic individuals. Stimulation with birch and LPS resulted in an increased secretion of IL‐12p70 in samples from healthy when compared with that in allergic individuals. The results suggest an impaired specific maturation of DC from birch allergic individuals in association with birch‐specific immune responses. Lower secretion of IL‐12p70 from birch‐stimulated DC from allergic individuals suggests that not only maturation, but also the specific Th1 function of these cells seems to be affected in those individuals.
Neuronal Vacuolation, Myelopathy and Laryngeal Neuropathy in a Mixed‐Breed Dog
Authors: Salvadori C. , Tartarelli C. L. , Baroni M. , Arispici M. , Cantile C. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryA bilateral and symmetrical neuronal vacuolation associated with spinal cord white matter degeneration and laryngeal neuropathy was observed in a 12‐week‐old male mixed‐breed dog with a history of progressive pelvic limbs ataxia. On clinical examination, signs included inspiratory stridor, spinal ataxia, tetraparesis, and proprioceptive deficits more severe in the pelvic limbs. Examination of the larynx showed bilateral laryngeal paralysis and electromyography revealed fibrillation potentials restricted to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Clinical and pathological findings resembled the syndrome of neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration described in Rottweiler dogs. This is the first report of a similar disorder in a dog different from Rottweiler.
Comparison of Blood Glucose Concentrations After Administration of a Glucose Solution via the Jugular Vein and Portal Vein in Cows
Authors: Braun U. , Heusmann B. , Camenzind D. , Haessig M. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe goals of the present study were to determine whether the infusion of a glucose solution into the portal vein is tolerated in cows and whether the glucose concentration differs after administration of glucose into the jugular vein and portal vein. Fifteen healthy Swiss Braunvieh cows were used. An indwelling catheter was placed in both jugular veins and a balloon‐tipped indwelling catheter with a diameter of 2 mm was placed in the portal vein under the guidance of ultrasonography. Three cows received 500 ml of 20% glucose solution over 60 min via the left jugular vein. Three other cows received the same solution over 60 min via the portal vein. Blood samples were collected from the right jugular vein before and for 24 h after the infusion of glucose for the determination of the concentrations of glucose and bilirubin and the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and γ‐glutamyl transferase. Infusion via the portal vein did not result in abnormalities in the general condition of the cows or increases in the concentration of bilirubin or the activities of liver enzymes. The blood glucose concentration increased to the same extent after both intraportal and intrajugular infusion. Over a 12‐h period, three cows received 10 l of 20% glucose solution via the left jugular vein and three others received the same solution over a 12‐h period via the portal vein. Blood samples were collected from the right jugular vein before and for 30 h after the start of infusion. Infusion via the portal vein did not affect the general condition of the cows or the activities of the liver enzymes. There was no significant difference in the blood glucose concentration between the two groups throughout the study.
Peripartum hysterectomy in the UK: management and outcomes of the associated haemorrhage
Authors: Knight M ,   UKOSS
Published: September 2007

Objectives  To identify women undergoing peripartum hysterectomy in the UK and to describe the causes, management and outcome of the associated haemorrhage.Design  A population‐based descriptive study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS).Setting  All 229 hospitals with consultant‐led maternity units in the UK.Population  All women in the UK delivering between February 2005 and February 2006.Methods  Prospective case identification through the UKOSS monthly mailing.Main outcome measures  Rates with 95% CIs. Odds ratio estimates.Results  Three hundred and eighteen women underwent peripartum hysterectomy. The most commonly reported causes of haemorrhage were uterine atony (53%) and morbidly adherent placenta (39%). Women were not universally managed with uterotonic therapies. Fifty women were unsuccessfully managed with B‐Lynch or other brace suture prior to hysterectomy, 28 with activated factor VII and 9 with arterial embolisation. Twenty‐one percent of women suffered damage to other structures, 20% required a further operation and 19% were reported to have additional severe morbidity. Bladder damage was more likely in women with placenta accreta (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.55–7.48) than in women with uterine atony. There were no significant differences in outcomes between women undergoing total or subtotal hysterectomy. Two women died; case fatality 0.6% (95% CI 0–1.5%).Conclusions  For each woman who dies in the UK following peripartum hysterectomy, more than 150 survive. The associated haemorrhage is managed in a variety of ways and not universally according to existing guidelines. Further investigation of the outcomes following some of the more innovative therapies for control of haemorrhage is needed.
Verrucophora farcimengen. et sp. nov. (Dictyochophyceae, Heterokonta)—a bloom‐forming ichthyotoxic flagellate from the Skagerrak, Norway1
Authors: Edvardsen Bente , Eikrem Wenche , Shalchian‐Tabrizi Kamran , Riisberg Ingvild , Johnsen Geir , Naustvoll Lars , Throndsen Jahn 
Published: September 2007

Since 1998, a heterokont flagellate initially namedChattonellaaff. verruculosahas formed recurrent extensive blooms in the North Sea and the Skagerrak, causing fish mortalities. Cells were isolated from the 2001 bloom off the south coast of Norway, and monoalgal cultures were established and compared with theChattonella verruculosaY. Hara et Chihara reference strain NIES 670 from Japan. The cells in Norwegian cultured isolates were very variable in size and form, being large oblong (up to 34 μm long) to small rounded (5–9 μm in diameter) with two unequal flagella, numerous chloroplasts, and mucocysts. The SSU and partial LSU rDNA sequences of strains from Norway and Japan were compared and differed by 0.4% (SSU) and 1.3% (LSU), respectively. Five strains from Norway were identical in the LSU rDNA region. Phylogenetic analyses based on heterokont SSU and concatenated SSU + LSU rDNA sequences placedC. aff.verruculosaand the JapaneseC. verruculosawithin the clade of Dictyochophyceae, with the picoflagellateFlorenciella parvulaEikrem as the closest relative. Ultrastructure, morphology, and pigment composition supported this affinity. We propose the nameVerrucophora farcimensp. et gen. nov. for this flagellate and systematically place it within the class Dictyochophyceae. Our studies also show thatC. verruculosafrom Japan is genetically and morphologically different but closely related toV. farcimen.The species is transferred from the class Raphidophyceae to the class Dictyochophyceae and renamedVerrucophora verruculosa.We propose a new order, Florenciellales, to accommodateV. farcimen,V. verruculosa, andF. parvula.
Electrophysiological responses of the blue willow leaf beetle, Phratora vulgatissima, to volatiles of different Salix viminalis genotypes
Authors: Fernandez Patricia C. , Meiners Torsten , Björkman Christer , Hilker Monika 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAmong numerous other factors, host‐plant volatiles may affect selection of food plants by herbivorous insects. The blue willow leaf beetle, Phratora vulgatissima (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is known to differentiate between willow species and genotypes. However, so far no knowledge is available on the physiological abilities of this leaf beetle to respond to willow volatiles. In this study, we recorded electroantennograms of male and female P. vulgatissima to volatiles from two Salix viminalis L. (Salicaceae) genotypes: Jorr and 78021. The headspace of these genotypes were analysed by coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In addition to known green leaf volatiles (GLV), several terpenoid components were found. Both males and females of P. vulgatissima showed strong responses to the GLVs (Z)‐3‐hexenol and (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, and moderate responses to (E)‐ocimene and β‐caryophyllene. Females, but not males, also responded to R‐(+)‐limonene. This work represents a further step to identify substances relevant for the orientation of P. vulgatissima to host plants.
Noninvasive peripheral perfusion index as a possible tool for screening for critical left heart obstruction
Authors: Granelli A de‐Wahl , Östman‐Smith I 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: Peripheral perfusion index (PPI) has been suggested as a possible method to detect illness causing circulatory embarrassment. We aimed to establish the normal range of this index in healthy newborns, and compare it with newborns with duct‐dependent systemic circulation.Design: We conducted a case–control study.Setting: Our study population comprised 10 000 prospectively recruited newborns from Västra Götaland, Sweden.Patients: A total of 10 000 normal newborns and 9 infants with duct‐dependent systemic circulation (left heart obstructive disease [LHOD] group) participated in the study.Methods: We conducted single pre‐ and postductal measurements of PPI with a new generation pulse oximeter (Masimo Radical SET) before discharge from hospital.Results: PPI values between 1 and 120 h of age show an asymmetrical, non‐normal distribution with median PPI value of 1.70 and interquartile range of 1.18–2.50. The 5th percentile = 0.70 and 95th percentile = 4.50. All infants in the LHOD group had either pre‐ or postductal PPI below the interquartile range, and 5 of 9 (56%) were below the 5th percentile cut‐off of 0.70 (p < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). A PPI value <0.70 gave an odds ratio for LHOD of 23.75 (95% CI 6.36–88.74).Conclusion: PPI values lower than 0.70 may indicate illness and a value <0.50 (1st percentile) indicates definite underperfusion. PPI values might be a useful additional tool for early detection of LHOD.
Aetiologic and clinical characteristics of syncope in Chinese children
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Qingyou , Ingrid Sumou , Chen Jianjun , Qin Jiong , Du Junbao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: This study aimed to improve diagnostic efficacy of syncope in children by analyzing the aetiology and clinical characteristics of syncope in Chinese children.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the causes of syncope and diagnostic workup in 154 consecutive children seen in the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, China, because of a syncope‐related event.Results: In all patients with transient loss of consciousness (TLOC), there were 136 (88.31%) patients attributing to syncope, and 18 (11.69%) belonging to nonsyncopal cases. Neurally mediated syncope (NMS) was the most common cause of syncope (99 cases; 64.3%), with cardiac causes ranking second (10 cases; 6.5%). Other nonsyncopal causes included psychiatric problems and neurological and metabolic disorders. In 25 cases (16.2%), the cause was uncertain. Cases of NMS often had clear inducement of syncope and prodromes. Children with cardiac syncope often had a history of cardiac disease, were often younger than those with NMS, and showed exercise‐related syncope, syncope spells in any body position or at an early age, or sudden death in family members but no prodromes. Neurological disorder was suspected in cases of TLOC with seizures, TLOC spells in any position, postictal phase of disorientation or abnormal neurological signs. A metabolic cause is suspected with a history of metabolic disease, prolonged anger, or violent vomiting and diarrhoea. Children with psychiatric disorders were adolescent girls, with prolonged TLOC spells, who had more frequent TLOC. Although many tests were used in diagnosis, most were not goal directed. Now, electrocardiography is recommended in almost all children with syncope. Neurological testing, including electroencephalography and computed tomography were rarely helpful unless with evidence of neurological signs and symptoms. Head‐up tilt test (HUTT) was most useful in children with recurrent syncope in whom heart disease was not suspected.Conclusion: NMS was the most common cause of syncope. We recommended HUTT as the important basis of the TLOC workup.