bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the cellular network of the circadian clock in two cockroach species
Authors: Wen Chih‐Jen , Lee How‐Jing 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe German cockroach, Blattella germanica, and the double‐striped cockroach, B. bisignata, are sibling species with a similar period sequence but a distinctive circadian rhythm in locomotion. The cell distribution of immunoreactivity (ir) against three clock‐related proteins, Period (PER), Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF), and Corazonin (CRZ), was compared between the species. The PER‐ir cells tend to form clusters and are sprayed out in the central nervous system. Three major PER‐ir cells are located in the optic lobes, which are the sites of the major circadian clock. They are interconnected with PER‐ir axon bundles. Interestingly, the potential output signal of the circadian clock, PDF, is co‐localized with PER in all three groups of cells. However, only two CRZ‐ir cells and their axons are found in the optic lobes and they are not co‐localized with PER‐ir or PDF‐ir cells and axons. Since only one circadian rhythm is expressed in locomotion, the time signals from both major clocks in optic lobes are coupled by connection with PDF‐ir axons. A group of 3–4 PER‐ir cells in the protocerebrum display typical characteristics of neurosecretary cells. In addition, there are numerous, small PER‐ir and PDF‐ir co‐localized cells in the pars intercerebralis (PI), which have direct connections with the neurohemoorgan, corpora cardiaca, through PER‐ir and PDF‐ir axons. Based on these findings, the cellular connection shows a circadian control through the endocrine route. For the rest of central nervous system, only a few PER‐ir and PDF‐ir cells or axons are detected. This finding implies the circadian clock for locomotion is not located in subesophageal ganglion, thoracic or abdominal ganglia, but may use other neural messengers to pass on circadian signals. Since the overall distribution pattern of the clock cells are the same for B. germanica and B. bisignata, the possible explanation for the different expressions of locomotion between the species depends on genes downstream of per, pdf, and crz. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 68:215–231, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of midgut trypsinogen‐like cDNA and enzymatic activity in Plutella xylostella parasitized by Cotesia vestalis or Diadegma semiclausum
Authors: Shi Min , Huang Fang , Chen Ya‐Feng , Meng Xiang‐Feng , Chen Xue‐Xin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractProtein digestion in insects is a result of the action of a complex of proteinases present in the midgut. In this report we describe the cloning and sequencing of a trypsin cDNA from larvae of the lepidopteran herbivore Plutella xylostella. We investigated the expression of this gene and enzymatic activity of its translation product with N‐a‐benzoyl‐l‐arginine p‐nitroanilide (BApNA) as substrate in P. xylostella larvae that were either unparasitized or parasitized by Cotesia vestalis or Diadegma semiclausum parasitoids. The full cDNA sequence consisted of an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 273 amino acid residues including 23 residues of a signal peptide, and the predicted mature trypsinogen‐like enzyme had a molecular mass of 26.5 kDa. The amino acid sequence of this trypsinogen‐like enzyme protein and phylogenetic relationship with other published trypsin enzyme proteins suggested that it may be a new proteinase in the trypsin protein family. Parasitism of D. semiclausum did not significantly change the mRNA transcript level or BApNAase activity in host larvae. By contrast, parasitization by C. vestalis induced higher transcript levels coupled with a higher level of BApNAase activity. The BApNAase activity in the midgut of nonparasitized or parasitized P. xylostella larvae increased to a maximum level at pH 12, and the parasitism by both C. vestalis and D. semiclausum increased sensitivity of the enzyme to pH values ranging from 2 to 9.5. These parasitoid‐induced changes may represent host manipulation by the developing parasitoid larva. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Juvenile hormone induction of glutathione S‐transferase activity in the larval fat body of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Wu Ming‐Cheng , Lu Kuang‐Hui 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effect of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog (JHA), on the pupation of S. litura was examined. A topical application of 100 μg JHA/larva on the newly ecdysed (0‐day) sixth instar larvae resulted in more than 80% pupation, while most of the 1‐ or 2‐day‐old larvae similarly treated developed into supernumerary larvae. Glutathione S‐transferse (GST) activity in the fat body of 0‐day‐old sixth instar larvae was significantly induced within 12 h of JHA (100 μg/larva) treatment. In contrast, no such induction was found when 1‐ and 2‐day‐old sixth instar larvae were similarly treated. This induction phenomenon was also observed when 0‐day‐old sixth instar larvae were treated with the natural JH III. The suppressive effects of α‐amanitin and cycloheximide suggest that JHA induction of GST activity in these cutworm larvae presumably occurred at the gene transcription level. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 68:232–240, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preface: Insect science in Taiwan
Authors: Lee How‐Jing 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWhen Dr. David Stanley presented a short course in the Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, last year, he had the opportunity to observe first‐hand the activities and potential of entomological research in Taiwan. A special issue of this journal devoted solely to the representation of insect biochemical and physiological research in Taiwan should be an eye‐opener for the international entomological community. Therefore, this is a platform setup for Taiwanese entomologists to introduce the past, present, and future of Insect Science in Taiwan to our international colleagues. The germination of Entomology in Taiwan started during the Japanese Occupation (1895–1964). The Japanese helped lay a solid background for research on insect faunal inventories, crop protection, and medically important insects. In the continuous co‐evolutionary game of survival with insects, the Taiwanese received the baton from their Japanese occupiers and ran with it for their own existence and scientific success.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Testing of Novel 2‐(3‐Substituted‐6‐chloro‐1,1‐dioxo‐1,4,2‐benzodithiazin‐7‐yl)‐3‐phenyl‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones
Authors: Pomarnacka Elzbieta , Maruszak Magdalena , Langowska Karolina , Reszka Przemyslaw , Bednarski Patrick J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new series of thirteen 2‐[3‐(substituted amino)‐6‐chloro‐1,1‐dioxo‐1,4,2‐benzodithiazin‐7‐yl]‐3‐phenyl‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones 4‐16 were prepared in order to evaluate their cytotoxic activity against 12 human cancer cell lines. The bioassay indicated that the quinazolinone derivatives 5, 8–12, 15, and 16 possess cancer‐cell growth‐inhibitory properties. Compounds 5 and 12 showed a high level of selectivity for certain cell lines. The most active compounds 9, 10, 15, and 16 showed moderate antiproliferative activity and were approximately 4‐fold less potent than cisplatin.
Structural Modifications of Salicylates: Inhibitors of Human CD81‐Receptor HCV‐E2 Interaction
Authors: Holzer Marcel , Ziegler Sigrid , Neugebauer Alexander , Kronenberger Bernd , Klein Christian D. , Hartmann Rolf W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractStarting point of the present paper was the result of a virtual screening using the open conformation of the large extracellular loop (LEL) of the CD81‐receptor (crystal structure: PDB‐ID: 1G8Q). After benzyl salicylate had been experimentally validated to be a moderate inhibitor of the CD81‐LEL–HCV‐E2 interaction, further optimization was performed and heterocyclic‐substituted benzyl salicylate derivatives were synthesized. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the interaction of a fluorescence‐labeled antibody to CD81‐LEL using HUH7.5 cells. No compound showed an increase concerning the inhibition of the protein‐protein interaction compared to benzyl salicylate.
Evidence for the network perspective on organizational learning
Authors: Pahor Marko , Škerlavaj Miha , Dimovski Vlado 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article provides evidence for the network perspective on organizational learning in the cases of two companies of different size, industry, and culture. It builds on an earlier article that introduced the network perspective on organizational learning, and proposes some common traits of learning networks and tests them with the help of the tools of social‐network analysis. We find support for the network perspective on organizational learning. There are some traits of the learning network that are common to very different companies, such as the fact that learning occurs mainly in clusters. Some other traits depend much on the organizational culture.
Storage and Sorption Properties of Acetylene in Jungle‐Gym‐Like Open Frameworks
Authors: Tanaka Daisuke , Higuchi Masakazu , Horike Satoshi , Matsuda Ryotaro , Kinoshita Yoshinori , Yanai Nobuhiro , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe acetylene‐sorption properties of six porous coordination polymers (PCPs), [M2(L)2(dabco)]n (dabco=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, M=Cu2+ (1), Zn2+ (2), L=1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate (bdc; 1 a, 2 a), 1,4‐naphthalenedicarboxylate (ndc; 1 b, 2 b), 9,10‐anthracenedicarboxylate (adc; 1 c, 2 c)), were investigated. The acetylene sorption isotherms of 1 and 2 measured at 195 K are of type I and show a steep increase at low relative pressures. The sorption properties of carbon dioxide at 195 K were also investigated. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a large difference in onset pressure between acetylene sorption isotherms, although the difference between the carbon dioxide sorption isotherms is not so significant. In particular, 2 c displayed a remarkable affinity for acetylene. The acetylene sorption isotherm at 298 K showed that the adsorption amounts for 2 c and 2 b at 298 K, 1 atm (101 and 106 mL g−1, respectively) were higher than those of other conventional porous materials. Notably, of the compounds 1 and 2, the porous crystals 2 c had the highest affinity for acetylene.
Investigation on different levels of in vitro–in vivo correlation: gemfibrozil immediate release capsule
Authors: Rouini Mohammad‐Reza , Ardakani Yalda H. , Mirfazaelian Ahmad , Hakemi Lida , Baluchestani Mahdi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGemfibrozil is a practically water‐insoluble, high‐dose drug. It represents a typical drug with dissolution rate controlled bioavailability. The aim of this study was to select a dissolution condition for gemfibrozil immediate release capsules, resulting in the best in vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC). Five 300 mg gemfibrozil products, including the innovator and four generic products were selected. In vitro dissolution test methods with a standard paddle, round‐bottomed vessel of 1 l capacity, and potassium phosphate buffer as the dissolution medium (referred to as conditions I, II and III, respectively) were developed. The products were administered to 12 healthy volunteers and thereby different pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Correlations between the in vitro and in vivo calculated parameters were investigated.Of the single point parameters investigated, the best results were seen in the relation between the percent dissolved in 10, 20 and 45 min and the time to 90% dissolution from the in vitro side and the AUCs and Cmax from the in vivo side.The correlation between MRT and MDT was also investigated, and no significant correlation was found in the three above‐mentioned conditions.The Wagner‐Nelson method was used to calculate the percent remaining to be absorbed. Superimposition of the percent in vivo absorption and the in vitro dissolution curves was used to investigate a multiple point correlation. A remarkable superimposition between in vivo and in vitro curves in conditions I and II was observed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotion as a tradeable quantity
Authors: Reid Aaron A. , González‐Vallejo Claudia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThree studies investigate how physiological emotional responses can be combined with symbolic information to predict preferences. The first study used a weighted proportional difference rule to combine explicitly quantified symbolic and emotional information. The proportion of emotion model was more predictive than a simple additive emotional (AE) combination in decisions about selecting dating partners. Study 2 showed that a simple proportion algorithm of emotionally derived weights and a simple AE model predicted preference equally well for decisions between equal expected value (EV) gambles. Study 3 provided additional evidence for decision mechanisms that combine physiological measures within symbolic trade‐off algorithms for choices between diamond rings. Self‐reported emotion measures proved to be better predictors than physiological measures. The results are discussed in the context of other major models of emotional influence on preference and provide a foundation for future research on emotional decision‐making mechanisms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in research relevant to electric and magnetic field exposure guidelines
Authors: Kavet Robert , Bailey William H. , Bracken T. Dan , Patterson Robert M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLimits on exposures to extremely low‐frequency electric fields, magnetic fields and contact currents, designated as voluntary guidelines or standards by several organizations worldwide, are specified so as to minimize the possibility of neural stimulation. The limits, which we refer to as guidelines, derive from “basic restrictions” either on electric fields or current density within tissue, or on avoidance of annoying or startling interactions that may be experienced with spark discharge or contact current. Further, the guidelines specify more conservative permissible doses and exposure levels for the general public than for exposures in controlled environments, which most typically involve occupational settings. In 2001 we published an update on guideline science. This paper covers more recent developments that are relevant to the formulation and implementation of the next generation of guidelines. The paper deals with neurostimulation thresholds and the relevance of magnetophosphenes to setting guideline levels; dosimetry associated with contact current benchmarked against basic restrictions; tissue and cellular dosimetry from spark discharge; assessment of exposures to high electric fields in realistic situations (e.g., line worker in a transmission tower); a simplified approach to magnetic field assessment in non‐uniform magnetic fields; and a quantitative approach to sampling workplace exposure for assessing compliance. Bioelectromagnetics 29:499–526, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung cancer A549 cells migrate directionally in DC electric fields with polarized and activated EGFRs
Authors: Yan Xiaolong , Han Jing , Zhang Zhipei , Wang Jian , Cheng Qingshu , Gao Kunxiang , Ni Yunfeng , Wang Yunjie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEndogenous direct‐current electric fields (dcEFs) occur in vivo in the form of epithelial transcellular potentials or neuronal field potentials. A variety of cells respond to dcEFs by migrating directionally, and this is termed galvanotaxis. The mechanism by which dcEFs direct cell movement, however, is not yet understood, and the effects on lung cancer cells are entirely unknown. We demonstrated that cultured human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells migrate toward the cathode in applied dcEFs at 3 V/cm. Fluorescence microscopy showed that both epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) and F‐actin are polarized to the cathode. EGFR inhibitors, cetuximab and AG1478, reduced the migration rate and directed motility in dcEFs. Western blots showed that ERK and AKT signaling pathways were prominently promoted by dcEFs. EGFR inhibitors could reduce this promotion but not completely. These data suggest that polarization of EGFRs and the activation of their downstream signals play an important role in the galvanotaxis of A549 cells in dcEFs. Bioelectromagnetics 30:29–35, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Weiterentwicklung des Gleitbauverfahrens
Authors: Brockmann Tanja , Kreiner Alexander , Lohaus Ludger , Motzko Christoph 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden aktuelle Entwicklungen des Gleitbauverfahrens im Zuge der fortschreitenden Entwicklung der Bautechnik und der Werkstoffe vorgestellt, die einen wirtschaftlichen und effizienten Einsatz dieses modernen Bauverfahrens für entsprechende Anwendungen ermöglichen. Angaben zur Planung und Konstruktion, Betontechnologie, zum Bauablauf sowie zur Qualitätssicherung und Arbeitssicherheit bilden die Kernpunkte. Des Weiteren werden praxisrelevante Hinweise und Empfehlungen für die fachgerechte Anwendung des Gleitbauverfahrens gegeben.
Nanotechnologie im Bauwesen
Authors: Brockmann Tanja , Fontana Patrick , Meng Birgit , Müller Urs 
Published: July 2008

AbstractZu den Zielen der Nanotechnologie gehört die Entwicklung, Produktion und Anwendung von Materialien und Werkstoffen mit völlig neuartigen Leistungsspektren. Für die Baupraxis und die Materialforschung lassen sich über den Einsatz der Nanotechnologie Ziele wie die Optimierung von Baustoffeigenschaften, Vermeidung von Schäden und neue Funktionalitäten definieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über mögliche Anwendungsbereiche der Nanotechnologie im Bausektor, wie z. B. zementgebundene Baustoffe, Außen‐ und Dachfassaden, Fenster und Verglasungen, Brandschutz, Inneneinrichtung und Infrastrukturbau. Zudem werden aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten mit nanowissenschaftlichem und nanotechnologischem Schwerpunkt im Bereich baustoffbezogener Materialien der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) in Berlin vorgestellt. Die Forschungstätigkeiten beziehen sich zum einen auf die Modifikation der Hydratphasen in Ultra‐Hochleistungsbeton (UHPC) und zum anderen auf die Weiterentwicklung von Anti‐Graffiti‐Systemen.
Bemessung nachträglich ergänzter Betonbauteile mit längsschubbeanspruchter Fuge. Vergleichende Beurteilung aktueller Konzepte für die Baupraxis
Authors: Randl Norbert , Zilch Konrad , Müller Andreas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNachträglich ergänzte Betonbauteile kommen in der Baupraxis häufig vor, sowohl im Fertigteilbau als auch im Zuge der Verstärkung von bestehenden Konstruktionen durch Aufbringen einer neuen Betonschicht. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden die Annahmen und Modellvorstellungen, die verschiedenen aktuellen Ansätzen zur Bemessung der Schubfugen zugrunde liegen, genauer betrachtet. Vor allem der Traganteil, der sich durch den Verbund zwischen Alt‐ und Neubeton ergeben kann, wird unterschiedlich gewichtet. Geht man davon aus, dass z. B. Verunreinigungen auf der Fugenoberfläche zu einem geschwächten Beton‐Beton‐Verbund führen, so ist zur Sicherstellung der Tragsicherheit eine erhöhte Bewehrungsmenge erforderlich. Umgekehrt kann bei einer sorgfältig vorbereiteten Altbetonoberfläche die Bewehrungsmenge reduziert werden. Die Bemessungsansätze in der europäischen Norm EN 1992‐1‐1 (12.2004 + Berichtigung 2008), in den deutschen Normen (DIN 1045‐1 (07.2001 + Berichtigungen 1 + 2); DIN 1045‐1 (Neufassung 2008)) und in den US‐amerikanischen Richtlinien (ACI 318‐02; AASHTO LRFD Specifications) liefern nur in Kombination mit sorgfältig vorbereiteten Fugenoberflächen ausreichend sichere Ergebnisse. Der Ansatz in ÖNORM B 4700 (06.2001) berücksichtigt den Fall eines durch ungünstige Baustellenbedingungen geschwächten Beton‐Beton‐Verbunds (dies gilt teilweise auch für die Regelungen in ACI 318‐02). Die Auswirkungen dieser Annahmen auf die Bemessungsergebnisse werden durch Bemessungsbeispiele veranschaulicht. In abschließenden Bemerkungen wird auf Stärken und Schwächen der Bemessungskonzepte hingewiesen.
Wissenschaft und Musik – Einführende Bemerkungen
Authors: Ash Mitchell G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractScience and music. Introductory remarks. The article presents a brief introduction to “Science and Music”, theme of the 44th symposium of the “Society for History of Sciences” held in Munich in Mai 2007. The text begins with a brief reference to the numerous biographical connections between the two fields, but focuses primarily on topics that reveal music and the sciences to be results of shared cultural practices. Examples include: (1) shared objects in the material sense, meaning the use of particular instruments in both music and the sciences; (2) shared semantics, metaphors, and concepts, for example the use of the concepts like clang or tone color in acoustics and the psychology of audition, or talk of ‘mood’ and ‘harmony’ in both music and in literature; (3) direct interactions between mathematics, physics and music, for example in the electronic music of the twentieth century.
Predicting phenotypic effects of gene perturbations in C. elegans using an integrated network model
Authors: Borgwardt Karsten 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPredicting the phenotype of an organism from its genotype is a central question in genetics. Most importantly, we would like to find out if the perturbation of a single gene may be the cause of a disease. However, our current ability to predict the phenotypic effects of perturbations of individual genes is limited. Network models of genes are one tool for tackling this problem. In a recent study, (Lee et al.) it has been shown that network models covering the majority of genes of an organism can be used for accurately predicting phenotypic effects of gene perturbations in multicellular organisms. BioEssays 30:707–710, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic circuitry controlling motility behaviors of Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Mignot Tâm , Kirby John R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractM. xanthus has a complex multicellular lifestyle including swarming, predation and development. These behaviors depend on the ability of the cells to achieve directed motility across solid surfaces. M. xanthus cells have evolved two motility systems including Type‐IV pili that act as grappling hooks and a controversial engine involving mucus secretion and fixed focal adhesion sites. The necessity for cells to coordinate the motility systems and to respond rapidly to environmental cues is reflected by a complex genetic network involving at least three complete sets of chemosensory systems and eukaryotic‐like signaling proteins. In this review, we discuss recent advances suggesting that motor synchronization results from spatial oscillations of motility proteins. We further propose that these dynamics are modulated by the action of multiple upstream complementary signaling systems. M. xanthus is thus an exciting emerging model system to study the intricate processes of directed cell migration. BioEssays 30:733–743, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antiangiogenic therapy and surgical practice (Br J Surg 2008; 95: 281–293)
Authors: Cohen I J 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved,appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.