bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Non-Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Criqui Michael 
Published: April 2024

Coronary atherosclerosis leading to coronary heart disease (CHD) is now responsible for the largest burden of morbid and mortal disease in developed countries, and this is increasing so in developing countries around the world. It is now well recognized that computed tomography (CT) scans can quantitatively assess coronary artery calcium (CAC), a direct marker of coronary atherosclerosis, and CAC can substantially aid in risk prediction of both CHD and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. Of course, this might be expected since CAC is actually a direct measure of coronary atherosclerosis, as opposed to a risk factor for CHD such as cigarette smoking or dyslipidemia.
Atherosclerosis is a generalized disease and as such also affects other arterial beds throughout the body. This observation raises the question as to whether measurement of atherosclerosis outside of the coronary arteries is of value in risk prediction or disease prognosis for CHD or CVD. Extensive research has shown that the answer is yes; that is, selected measurements of non-coronary atherosclerosis provide incremental and independent information beyond both standardized risk scores employing risk factors, as well as beyond measurement of CAC. Thus, measurements of non-coronary atherosclerosis, both subclinical and clinical, can aid in the prediction of, and determining prognosis for, CHD as well as other CVD events.
The epidemiologic and clinical value of non-coronary atherosclerosis will be illustrated with data from research into four selected non-coronary atherosclerosis measures. These measures are the ankle-brachial index (ABI), which is the ratio of the systolic blood pressure at the ankle to that in the arm; subclavian stenosis (SS), which is determined by a significant systolic blood pressure difference between the left and right arms; renal artery calcification (RAC) assessed by CT scan, and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) assessed by CT scan. Data to be presented come from both US and international studies, and will address the significance of these four measure both in persons without known CVD and in persons with a clinical diagnosis of CVD.
Abstract 6945: A Pacemaker Red Herring and a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Copycat
Authors: Raber Inbar , Palmeri Nicholas , Tahir Usman A , Zimetbaum Peter 
Published: April 2024

A 53-year old man with a history of hypertension, atrial flutter, and complete heart block with a dual chamber pacemaker presented to the hospital due to concern for pacemaker malfunction. Remote pacemaker monitoring found over-sensing events. He works in an automobile repair shop and his family history is notable for a son with Wolf Parkinson White syndrome treated with ablation. On presentation to the emergency department, he had normal vital signs and no lab abnormalities. His electrocardiogram showed sequential atrioventricular pacing at 60 beats per minute. He underwent an echocardiogram which showed a newly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 40-45% with global left ventricular hypokinesis, and left ventricular hypertrophy.
The patient’s over-sensing events were initially concerning for pacemaker malfunction, particularly because he is known to be pacemaker-dependent. The differential diagnosis for the over-sensing events included battery depletion, insulation failure, insufficient programmed sensitivity value, and electromagnetic interference. An electrogram of one of the over-sensing events revealed simultaneous over-sensing of the both the atrial and right ventricular leads and otherwise stable lead parameters, which was consistent with electromagnetic interreference during arc-welding. The differential diagnosis for the left ventricular hypertrophy included sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to hypertension, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenocopies including Danon disease, Fabry Disease, Pompe disease, and PRKAG2 syndrome. Due to his family history of pre-excitation, genetic testing was conducted and demonstrated a pathogenic variant in the PRKAG2 gene. Shared decision-making with the patient informed his choice to upgrade his pacemaker to an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for primary cardiovascular prevention. The diagnosis of PRKAG2 syndrome served as the catalyst for his family members to undergo genetic testing. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenocopies when pre-excitation and ventricular hypertrophy collocate to the same patient or family.
Association Between Life’s Essential 8 Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Cardiovascular Events in the Cardiovascular Disease Lifetime Risk Pooling Project
Authors: Ning Hongyan , Perak Amanda M. , Siddique Juned , Wilkins John T. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Allen Norrina B. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The American Heart Association recently launched updated cardiovascular health metrics, termed Life’s Essential 8 (LE8). Compared with Life’s Simple 7 (LS7), the new approach added sleep health as an eighth metric and updated the remaining 7 health factors and behaviors. The association of the updated LE8 score with long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and death is unknown.

METHODS:
We pooled individual-level data from 6 contemporary US-based cohorts from the Cardiovascular Lifetime Risk Pooling Project. Total LE8 score (0–100 points), LE8 score without sleep (0–100 points), and prior LS7 scores (0–14 points) were calculated separately. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox models to evaluate the association of LE8 with CVD, CVD subtypes, and all-cause mortality among younger, middle, and older adult participants. Net reclassification improvement analysis was used to measure the improvement in CVD risk classification with the addition of LS7 and LE8 recategorization based on score quartile rankings.

RESULTS:

Our sample consisted of 32 896 US adults (7836 [23.8%] Black; 14 941 [45.4%] men) followed for 642 000 person-years, of whom 9391 developed CVD events. Each 10-point higher overall LE8 score was associated with lower risk by 22% to 40% for CVD, 24% to 43% for congenital heart disease, 17% to 34% for stroke, 23% to 38% for heart failure, and 17% to 21% for all causes of mortality events across age strata. LE8 score provided more granular differentiation of the related CVD risk than LS7. Overall, 19.5% and 15.5% of the study participants were recategorized upward and downward based on LE8 versus LS7 categories, respectively, and the recategorization was significantly associated with CVD risk in addition to LS7 score. The addition of recategorization between LE8 and LS7 categories improved CVD risk reclassification across age groups (clinical net reclassification improvement, 0.06–0.12;
P
<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings support the improved utility of the LE8 algorithm for assessing overall cardiovascular health and future CVD risk.
Ketosis regulates K+ ion channels, strengthening brain-wide signaling disrupted by age
Authors: van Nieuwenhuizen Helena , Chesebro Anthony G. , Polizu Claire , Clarke Kieran , Strey Helmut H. , Weistuch Corey , Mujica-Parodi Lilianne R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aging is associated with impaired signaling between brain regions when measured using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This age-related destabilization and desynchronization of brain networks reverses itself when the brain switches from metabolizing glucose to ketones. Here, we probe the mechanistic basis for these effects. First, we confirmed their robustness across measurement modalities using two datasets acquired from resting-state EEG (Lifespan: standard diet, 20–80 years, N = 201; Metabolic: individually weight-dosed and calorically-matched glucose and ketone ester challenge, μage = 26.9 ±11.2 years, N = 36). Then, using a multiscale conductance-based neural mass model, we identified the unique set of mechanistic parameters consistent with our clinical data. Together, our results implicate potassium (K+) gradient dysregulation as a mechanism for age-related neural desynchronization and its reversal with ketosis, the latter finding of which is consistent with direct measurement of ion channels. As such, the approach facilitates the connection between macroscopic brain activity and cellular-level mechanisms.
Perpetual Fires in the Jerusalem Temple through a Mediterranean Perspective
Authors: Blidstein Moshe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The fires of the Jerusalem temple altar were said to be perpetual. Various writers from the fourth century BCE to the third century CE added explanations and perspectives to this practice: the argument that the fire came from heaven, that it continued even during the destruction of the temple, or that it remained lit only when the high priest was righteous. Though these texts are well known, they were never examined in a comparative context: how special were these practices and discourses in their Mediterranean and Persian contexts? Maintaining a perpetual fire on the altar or lamps was a known practice in Mediterranean sanctuaries. The discourses surrounding these fires, developed especially by Greek and Roman writers of the first century BCE and the first century CE, are in many ways similar to those in the Jewish texts. I will consider in detail the differences and similarities and their significance.
Should Liberal Communities Respect Bad Believers? On Empirical Disagreement over Climate Change and Public Reason
Authors: Nielsen Morten Ebbe Juul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Public reason liberalism strives to accommodate as broad an array of viewpoints as possible. Some people are selective science skeptics, meaning that they disagree with parts of mainstream science. Of special interest for this paper are climate deniers, who disagree with the mainstream consensus views of climate science. This creates a problem for public reason: on the one hand, public reason wants to avoid basing rules and policies on controversial principles, values, and so on. On the other hand, there are citizens whom we cannot outright call irrational who are skeptical about central tenets of climate science. This seems to imply that public reason cannot base policies on the robust findings of climate science because these findings are controversial among the citizenry. But we have strong reasons to base our policies vis-à-vis climate change on the robust findings of climate science. How should we proceed?
Strong Scientific Meritocratism: Standpoint Epistemology as a Middle Ground in the Debate over Personal Merit in Science
Authors: Nottelmann Nikolaj 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dorian Abbot and twenty-eight coauthors from many quarters of science have recently published a spirited defense of a perceived ‘liberal’ scientific meritocratism—roughly the view that rivalrous or excludable goods in the sphere of scientific work should be distributed entirely based on potential recipients’ merits in that sphere. They propose to understand merit in terms of ‘achievements,’ not least in the form of individual academic track records. A closer examination of their argument reveals their implicit reliance on several incompatible conceptions of merit. Moreover, they conspicuously ignore the typical collective nature of academic achievements in modern science. In this paper, I argue that a different version of scientific meritocratism, based on the central theses of standpoint epistemology, represents an attractive compromise between Abbot et al. and anti-meritocratic theories informed by the sociology of science. Ultimately, however, the credentials of this ‘strong scientific meritocratism’ rest on empirical hypotheses which remain underexamined.
The Right of Access to ‘Reliable’ Information Under Article 10 echr: From Meagre Beginnings to New Frontiers
Authors: Pentney Katie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recognition of the right of access to information under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights has been marked by fits and starts. This article charts three phases in the jurisprudence – from outright denial (Phase One), through hesitant recognition (Phase Two), to recognition of a limited right in specified circumstances (Phase Three). The Court’s recent judgment in Association Burestop 55 and Others v France may mark a new frontier (or ‘Fourth Phase’), as the Court recognised for the first time that the right necessarily comprises a qualitative aspect – that is, it requires that the information disclosed is sincere, accurate, sufficient, and reliable. This could have important ramifications for the quality of the information environment in the current ‘post-truth’ era. However, several conceptual challenges, practical limitations, and lingering uncertainties will need to be addressed for the promise of the judgment to be fully realised.
From the Qing Imperial Printing Office to the Hands of Medical Practitioners: Manuscripts Containing Parts of the Golden Mirror of the Orthodox Lineage of Medicine
Authors: Staack Thies 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Imperially Commissioned Golden Mirror of the Orthodox Lineage of Medicine (Yuzuan yizong jinjian 御纂醫宗金鑑), first printed in 1742, was one of the most important and widely circulating works on medicine in late imperial China. This paper analyzes a group of twenty-three medical manuscripts from the nineteenth and early twentieth century that include parts of the Golden Mirror. The findings suggest that most of the manuscripts should not be considered mere copies, but as deliberate selections. They served didactic as well as epistemic functions that differ from, or go beyond, those that could be fulfilled by the printed Golden Mirror (or a faithful manuscript copy alone). This is indicated not only by different content type selections (verse form for memorization or recitation; prose form for study or consultation) and the combination with medical knowledge from other sources, but also by the ways in which these contents were formatted, usually to facilitate reading and navigation. Adjustment, updating or supplementation of Golden Mirror contents likewise functioned epistemically, integrating previous medical knowledge into the medical discourse of the time. Hence, the findings of the present study help to clarify the lasting importance of manuscripts in the age of print, for which possibilities of adapting knowledge to personal interests and requirements seem to have been decisive factors.
The Influence of Atmospheric Bores on Nocturnal Convection Initiation in Weakly Forced Synoptic Environments
Authors: Reif Dylan W. , Bluestein Howard B. , Parsons David B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study creates a composite sounding for nocturnal convection initiation (CI) events under weakly forced conditions and utilizes an idealized numerical simulation to assess the impact of atmospheric bores on these environments. Thirteen soundings were used to create this composite sounding. Common conditions associated with these weakly forced environments include a nocturnal low-level jet and a Brunt–Väisälä frequency of 0.011 s−1 above 900 hPa. The median lift needed for parcels to realize any convective instability is 490 m, the median convective available potential energy of these convectively unstable parcels is 992 J kg−1, and the median initial pressure of these parcels is 800 hPa. An idealized numerical simulation was utilized to examine the potential influence of bores on CI in an environment based on composite sounding. The characteristics of the simulated bore were representative of observed bores. The vertical velocities associated with this simulated bore were between 1 and 2 m s−1, and the net upward displacement of parcels was between 400 and 650 m. The vertical displacement of air parcels has two notable phases: lift by the bore itself and smaller-scale lift that occurs 100–150 km ahead of the bore passage. The prebore lift is between 50 and 200 m and appears to be related to low-frequency waves ahead of the bores. The lift with these waves was maximized in the low to midtroposphere between 1 and 4 km AGL, and this lift may play a role in assisting CI in these otherwise weakly forced environments.
A Climatology of Convective Precipitation over Europe
Authors: Lombardo Kelly , Bitting Miranda 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The annual, seasonal, and diurnal spatiotemporal heavy convective precipitation patterns over a pan-European domain are analyzed in this study using a combination of datasets, including the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) precipitation rate product, E-OBS ground-based precipitation gauge data, European climatological gauge-adjusted radar precipitation dataset (EURADCLIM), Operational Programme for the Exchange of Weather Radar Information (OPERA) ground-based radar-derived precipitation rates, and fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5) total and convective precipitation products. Arrival Time Difference Network (ATDnet) lightning data are used in conjunction with IMERG and EURADCLIM precipitation rates, with an imposed threshold of 10 mm h−1 to classify precipitation as convective. Annually, the largest convective precipitation accumulations are over the European seas and coastlines. In summer, convective precipitation is more common over the European continent, though relatively large accumulations exist over the northern coastal waters and the southern seas, with a seasonal localized maximum over the northern Adriatic Sea. Activity shifts southward to the Mediterranean and its coastlines in autumn and winter, with maxima over the Ionian Sea, the eastern Adriatic Sea, and the adjacent coastline. Over the continent, 1%–10% of the total precipitation accumulated is classified as convective, increasing to 10%–40% over the surrounding seas. In contrast, 30%–50% of ERA5 precipitation accumulations over land is produced by the convective parameterization scheme and 40%–60% over the seas; however, only 1% of ERA5 convective precipitation accumulations are from rain rates exceeding 10 mm h−1. Regional analyses indicate that convective precipitation rates over the inland mountains follow diurnal heating, though little to no diurnal pattern exists in convective precipitation rates over the seas and coastal mountains.
Disparities in Access to Bariatric Surgery in North Carolina
Authors: Wong Jan H. , Burch Ashley E. , DeMaria Eric J. , Pories Walter J. , Irish William D. 
Published: April 2024

Background This study sought to identify factors that contribute to disparities in access to bariatric surgery in North Carolina (NC). Methods Using the rate of bariatric surgery in the county with the best health outcome as the reference, we calculated the Surgical Equity Index (SEI) in the remaining counties in NC. Results Approximately 2.95 million individuals (29%) were obese in NC. There were 992 (.5%) bariatric procedures performed on a population of 194 209 individuals with obesity in the Reference County (RC). The mean SEI for bariatric surgery in NC was .47 (SD .17, range .15-.95). A statistically significant difference was observed in 89 counties. Univariable analyses identified the following variables to be significantly associated with the SEI: percent of population living in rural areas (% rural) (relative rate change in SEI [RR] = .994, 95% CI .92-.997; <.0001), median household income (RR = 1.0, 95% CI = 1.0-1.0; P = .0002), prevalence of diabetes (RR = .947, 95% CI .917-.977; .0006), the primary care physician ratio (RR = .995, 95% CI .991-.998; P = .006), and percent uninsured adults (RR = .955, 95% CI .927-.985; P = .003). By multivariable hierarchical regression analysis, only the % rural remained statistically associated with a low SEI (RR = .995 per 1% increase in % rural, 95% CI = .992, .998; P = .0002). Discussion The percent rural is the most significant predictor of disparities in access to bariatric surgery. For every 1% increase in % rural, the rate of surgery decreased by .5%. Understanding the characteristics of rurality that are barriers to access is crucial to mitigate disparities in bariatric surgical access in NC.
Big data security and privacy in healthcare: A systematic review and future research directions
Authors: Al Zaabi Mariam , Alhashmi Saadat M 
Published: April 2024

Big data security involves protecting healthcare data from unauthorised use and access and making any changes, while privacy entails ensuring the confidentiality of individual patient information within the datasets. The two are crucial in ensuring that big data is effectively applied for research and personalised care, compromising the sensitivity of healthcare data and medical information. Consequently, as the amount of data in the healthcare sector grows exponentially, securing sensitive data becomes increasingly crucial while effectively utilising big data analytics. The systematic review explores the issues and challenges associated with big data security and privacy in healthcare. Through reference to resource-based view theory, this paper seeks to examine the present state of research in this area, identify gaps in the existing literature, and propose strategies for future research. The search strategy looked at the data between 2013 and 2022 and yielded 93 studies from four databases: Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect and IEEE Xplore. From these studies, 18 papers are reviewed. The findings reveal that while significant progress has been made in securing healthcare data, numerous challenges still need to be considered. Overall, this review highlights the importance of continued research to ascertain that sensitive healthcare data is kept secure while allowing for the enhanced application of big data analytics. It contributes to the security and privacy problems associated with using big data in healthcare, measures for addressing these challenges, the healthcare value of big data, and foci for future research.
Left ventricular unloading in patients supported with veno-arterial extra corporeal membrane oxygenation; an international EuroELSO survey
Authors: Ezad Saad M , Ryan Matthew , Barrett Nicholas , Camporota Luigi , Swol Justyna , Antonini Marta V , Donker Dirk W , Pappalardo Federico , Kapur Navin K , Rose Louise , Perera Divaka 
Published: April 2024

Introduction Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) improves end-organ perfusion in cardiogenic shock but may increase afterload, which can limit cardiac recovery. Left ventricular (LV) unloading strategies may aid cardiac recovery and prevent complications of increased afterload. However, there is no consensus on when and which unloading strategy should be used. Methods An online survey was distributed worldwide via the EuroELSO newsletter mailing list to describe contemporary international practice and evaluate heterogeneity in strategies for LV unloading. Results Of 192 respondents from 43 countries, 53% routinely use mechanical LV unloading, to promote ventricular recovery and/or to prevent complications. Of those that do not routinely unload, 65% cited risk of complications as the reason. The most common indications for unplanned unloading were reduced arterial line pulsatility (68%), pulmonary edema (64%) and LV dilatation (50%). An intra-aortic balloon pump was the most frequently used device for unloading followed by percutaneous left ventricular assist devices. Echocardiography was the most frequently used method to monitor the response to unloading. Conclusions Significant variation exists with respect to international practice of ventricular unloading. Further research is required that compares the efficacy of different unloading strategies and a randomized comparison of routine mechanical unloading versus unplanned unloading.