bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol use among immigrant Latino farmworkers in North Carolina
Authors: Grzywacz Joseph G. , Quandt Sara A. , Isom Scott , Arcury Thomas A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundHeavy alcohol use among Latino farmworkers is believed to be common, but it remains poorly documented.MethodsInterviewer‐administered survey questionnaires were administered to 151 Latino male farmworkers in Eastern North Carolina; topics included frequency of alcohol consumption, amount of alcohol typically consumed, frequency of consuming five or more drinks in a single setting, and signs of alcohol abuse/dependence.ResultsOver one‐quarter (26%) completely abstain from alcohol, but 27% report frequent heavy drinking, or drinking five or more alcoholic beverages two or more times per month. Over one‐third of farmworkers (39%) may be alcohol‐dependent. Frequent heavy drinking is more common among single farmworkers and among those who do not follow the crops, and dependence is more common among farmworkers living in camps comprised of both H2A and non‐contract workers.ConclusionsThere is substantial variation in alcohol use among Latino farmworkers. Although a substantial proportion of farmworkers abstain from alcohol, an equally substantial proportion report alcohol use that poses significant risk for injury on and off the job. More research is needed to document the potential threat to Latino farmworkers by their alcohol use. Interventions targeting alcohol are needed to minimize the risk of injury in an already dangerous occupation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:617–625, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association of migraine to the GABA‐A receptor complex on chromosome 15
Authors: Oswell G. , Kaunisto M.A. , Kallela M. , Hämäläinen E. , Anttila V. , Kaprio J. , Färkkilä M. , Wessman M. , Palotie A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo date, no gene variants predisposing to common forms of migraine have been convincingly identified. Recently, significant linkage to a cluster of gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA)‐A receptors on Chr 15q11–q13 was reported. We performed an extensive association study using 898 MA cases and 900 matched controls by covering the same gene cluster with 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). No association to MA was detected, suggesting that common variants of the GABA cluster are unlikely to be major contributors of MA susceptibility. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family‐based association analysis of a statistically derived quantitative traits for ADHD reveal an association inDRD4with inattentive symptoms in ADHD individuals
Authors: Lasky‐Su Jessica , Lange Christoph , Biederman Joseph , Tsuang Ming , Doyle Alysa E. , Smoller Jordan W. , Laird Nan , Faraone Stephen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes for ADHD are associated with quantitative phenotypes generated from inattentive and hyperactive‐impulsive symptoms. One hundred forty‐three SNPs were genotyped in and around five ADHD candidate genes. A highly heritable quantitative phenotype was generated at each SNP by weighting inattentive and hyperactive‐impulsive symptoms. Once these phenotypes were generated, a screening procedure was used to select and test the five SNP/phenotype combinations with the greatest power to detect an association for each candidate gene. Adjacent SNPs in the promoter region ofDRD4, hCV26775267 and hCV26775266, were associated with the quantitative phenotypes generated from the ADHD symptoms (correctedP‐values = 0.012 for both SNPs). The correlations between the ADHD symptoms and quantitative phenotype revealed that inattentive symptoms had a strong influence on the generated phenotype. Subsequent family‐based association test‐principal components (FBAT‐PC) analyses using inattentive symptoms only also had significant associations. SNPs in the promoter region ofDRD4are associated with the phenotypes generated from ADHD symptoms. The strong correlation of the inattentive symptoms with these quantitative phenotypes and the subsequent FBAT‐PC analyses suggest this region is primarily associated with inattentive symptoms. This analysis adds to previous findings by suggesting that variants at these loci may be specifically associated with inattentive symptoms. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutational screening analysis of DHCR24/seladin‐1 gene in Italian familial Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tedde Andrea , Cellini Elena , Bagnoli Silvia , Sorbi Sandro , Peri Alessandro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere is evidence that both environmental and genetic factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amount of brain cholesterol, for instance, has been suggested to play a role in the development of the disease. Accordingly, the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele has been identified as a major risk factor for the occurrence of AD. The product of the DHCR24/seladin‐1 gene has enzymatic activity, which converts desmosterol into cholesterol. The expression of this gene, which confers protection against β‐amyloid toxicity and from oxidative stress, is downregulated in AD vulnerable brain regions and it has been proposed as possibly involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we evaluated the possible genetic contribution of the DHCR24/seladin‐1 gene to Italian familial cases of AD. The exons 1–9 of this gene from 100 patients were subjected to mutation screening analysis. We identified a new C to T transition in exon 1 (Leu60Leu) and a previously described C to T transition in exon 7 (Ile342Ile‐rs718265). Our preliminary results suggest the absence of an association between DHCR24/seladin‐1 genotypes and AD in the Italian population. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The BDNF Val66Met × 5‐HTTLPR × child adversity interaction and depressive symptoms: An attempt at replication
Authors: Wichers Marieke , Kenis Gunter , Jacobs Nele , Mengelers Ron , Derom Catherine , Vlietinck Robert , van Os Jim 
Published: June 2007

AbstractKaufman et al. [2006] reported a higher order interaction effect between specific genetic and environmental factors in a model of depressive symptoms, requiring independent replication. BDNF Val66Met and 5‐HTTLPR genotypes were determined in female participants pertaining to a large ongoing twin study. Participants also filled in questionnaires on childhood adversity and depressive symptoms. Two‐ and three‐way interactions between genetic polymorphisms and early adversity were examined in models of depressive symptoms. BDNF Met allele(s) moderated the effect of early adversity on depressive symptoms (two‐way interaction), and this BDNF Met × childhood adversity interaction in turn was moderated by 5‐HTTLPR genotype (three‐way interaction). However, a main effect of BDNF Met on childhood adversity was also observed, possibly indicating confounding by gene–environment correlation. Higher order interaction effects involving BDNF Val66Met, 5‐HTTLPR and childhood adversity may contribute to the etiology of depressive illness. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polystyrene–fluorohectorite nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing with and without latex precompounding: Structure and mechanical properties
Authors: Siengchin S. , Karger‐Kocsis J. , Apostolov A. A. , Thomann R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSodium fluorohectorite (FH) was dispersed in polystyrene (PS) by direct melt blending with and without a master batch composed of PS and FH and produced by latex compounding. FH was not intercalated by PS when it was prepared by direct melt compounding. In contrast, FH was well dispersed (mostly intercalated) in PS via the PS‐latex‐mediated predispersion of FH following the master‐batch route. The dispersion of FH was studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction techniques and discussed. The nanocomposites produced by the master‐batch technique outperformed the directly melt‐compounded microcomposites with respect to stiffness, strength, and ductility according to dynamic mechanical analysis and static tensile tests. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Degumming of Persian silk with mixed proteolytic enzymes
Authors: Arami Mokhtar , Rahimi Sharam , Mivehie Leila , Mazaheri Firoozmehr , Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe feasibility of degumming Persian silk with alcalase, savinase, and mixtures of these enzymes with different alcalase/savinase weight ratios (0/1, 0.25/0.75, 0.5/0.5, 0.75/0.25, and 1/0 g/L) was investigated. The results were compared with those of soap degumming, which is a common silk degumming process. The effectiveness of parameters such as the treatment time, concentration of enzymes, and liquid ratio on degumming was studied. The enzymatic degumming process was performed at 55°C with an operation time of approximately 30 min, whereas the soap degumming process was carried out around the boiling point in 120 min. The evaluation of the data was carried out through the measurement of the weight loss, strength, and elongation of the samples. The optimum amount of sericin removed was 21.52 wt % for alcalase in 30 min, 20.08 wt % for savinase in 60 min, and 22.58 wt % for soap in 120 min. Also, the enzymatic treatment improved properties of the silk yarn such as the strength (33.76 cN/tex for alcalase and 32.03 cN/tex for savinase) and elongation (20.08% for alcalase and 18.42% for savinase). The obtained values were better than the strength (29.90 cN/tex) and elongation (18.59%) from the soap degumming method. Through the use of an enzyme mixture (0.5/0.5 g/L), good weight loss (22.43%), strength (33.22 cN/tex), and elongation (17.74%) were achieved in 30 min. Scanning electron micrographs confirmed and supported the observed data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Comparative study on quiescent crystallization kinetics of isotactic polyolefins
Authors: Suh Jaein , White James L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractQuiescent melt crystallization rates of various polyolefins including high density polyethylene (PE), isotactic form of polypropylene (PP), polybutene‐1 (PB1), and poly(4‐methyl pentene‐1) (P4MP1) were investigated under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The order of overall crystallization rates under quiescent conditions from fast to slow was found to be: PE, P4MP1, PP and PB1. The Avrami equation was used to analyze isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization processes, respectively. In order to compare relative crystallization rates of these polymers, continuous cooling transformation curves for each polymer under nonisothermal condition as well as the plot of crystallization half‐time as a function of crystallization temperature under isothermal conditions were constructed. Comparisons were made of the relative rate of crystallization of the different isotactic polyolefins with each other and with reports in the literature. Isotactic polyolefins with linear side groups crystallize increasingly more slowly as the side group lengthens with polypentene‐1 (PPT1) and polyhexene‐1 (PH1) crystallizing even more slowly than PB1. It is notable that P4MP1, which has isobutyl as a bulky side group, and apparently poly(3‐methyl butene‐1) (P3MB1) showed fairly high crystallization rates. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Dolphins in a bottle: abundance, residency patterns and conservation of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in the semi‐closed eutrophic Amvrakikos Gulf, Greece
Authors: Bearzi Giovanni , Agazzi Stefano , Bonizzoni Silvia , Costa Marina , Azzellino Arianna 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Boat surveys were conducted between 2002 and 2005 to study bottlenose dolphins living in the 400 km2 Amvrakikos Gulf, western Greece. During 116 survey days, 4705 km of total effort resulted in the individual photo‐identification of 106 animals, through long‐term natural markings on their dorsal fins.
Mark–recapture analyses based on the Mth model provided estimates of 82 marked individuals in 2003 (95% CI=80–91), 92 in 2004 (95% CI=86–108) and 98 in 2005 (95% CI=94–110). To include the unmarked portion of the population, the proportion of unmarked individuals was computed based on the number of photographs of marked and unmarked dorsal fins. The mean proportion of unmarked animals in the population was 0.338 (95% CI=0.288–0.389). By adding this to the estimate for marked animals in 2005, considered as the most robust, a total population estimate of 148 individuals (95% CI=132–180) was obtained.
Dolphin encounter rates in 2003–2005 did not show significant variations, and averaged 7.2 groups per 100 km or 72.5 individuals per 100 km. Encounter rates within the Gulf were about one order of magnitude greater than those found for bottlenose dolphins in nearby eastern Ionian Sea coastal waters.
Mean dolphin density in the Gulf was 0.37 animals km−2. This relatively high density, together with high levels of site fidelity shown by most individuals, was thought to be related primarily to prey availability, particularly of epipelagic schooling fish.
The importance of the semi‐closed Amvrakikos Gulf for bottlenose dolphins and other threatened species encourages the adoption of measures aimed to conserve its valuable ecosystems and raise the naturalistic profile of the area, while promoting environment‐conscious development. Meaningful action includes restoring natural hydrology (e.g. freshwater input from rivers), curtailing pollution from various sources, responsible fisheries and aquaculture management, and control of illegal fishing. Interactions between dolphins and fisheries also deserve careful quantitative investigation.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orbital period variations of four Algol‐type eclipsing binaries: SWCyg, UU Leo, XX Cep and BO Vul
Authors: Erdem A. , Doğru S. S. , Bakış V. , Demircan O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe orbital period behaviours of four Algol‐type eclipsing binaries SW Cyg, UU Leo, XX Cep and BO Vul are studied, by using all available times of minimum light in the literature. Their O – C diagrams were represented by long–period sinusoidal variations superimposed on parabolic forms. The parabolic forms for SWCyg and UU Leo correspond to secular period increases, while for XX Cep and BO Vul to secular period decreases. To explain these observed secular changes in these four Algol systems, we considered the combined effect of the mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one and the mass loss from the system.We concluded that the dominant mechanism for observed long–term period change of SW Cyg and UU Leo is the mass transfer, and that of XX Cep and BO Vul is the mass loss from the systems. It is interesting that the mass transfer rates (i.e., 10–7–10–8 M⊙/yr) found for all four Algol binaries are at the upper limit of those generally accepted for Algols. However, assuming the mass loss via circumbinary disks of Chen et al. (2006) reduces the rate to 10–8–10–9 M⊙/yr. We interpreted the tilted sinusoidal variations in all cases in terms of the light‐time effect due to unseen components in the systems. Unacceptably large hypothetical third body masses in the case of SW Cyg and UU Leo, and common nature of the cyclic O – C variations in semi‐detached Algols recall the cyclic magnetic activity effects of the secondary components as the working hypothesis in explaining cyclic period variations of these systems. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new numerical method for solving radiation driven winds from hot stars
Authors: Curé M. , Rial D. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present a general method for solving the non‐linear differential equation of monotonically increasing steady‐state radiation driven winds. We graphically identify all the singular points before transforming the momentum equation to a system of differential equations with all the gradients explicitly given. This permits a topological classification of all singular points and to calculate the maximum and minimum mass‐loss of the wind. We use our method to analyse for the first time the topology of the non‐rotating frozen‐in ionisation m‐CAK wind, with the inclusion of the finite disk correction factor, and find up to 4 singular points, three of the x‐type and one attractor‐type. The only singular point (and solution passing through) that satisfies the boundary condition at the stellar surface is the standard m‐CAK singular point. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The S(c) spectrum machine to visualize the motion in galaxies
Authors: Caranicolas N.D. , Papadopoulos N.J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe behavior of the orbits in a galaxy model composed of an harmonic core and a strong bar potential is studied. Numerical calculations show that a large number of orbits display chaotic motion. These orbits are low angular momentun orbits. The percentage of chaotic orbits increases as the angular velocity of the system increases or the strength of the harmonic term decreases. A new dynamical parameter, the S(c) spectrum, is introduced and used to detect the island motion and the evolution of the sticky regions. Comparison to previously obtained results reveals the leading role of the new spectrum. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The applications of the MHD Alfvén wave oscillation model for kHz quasi‐periodic oscillations
Authors: Zhang C.M. , Yin H.X. , Zhao Y.H. , Chang H.K. , Song L.M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we improve the previous work on the MHD Alfvén wave oscillation model for the neutron star (NS) kHz quasi‐periodic oscillations (QPOs), and compare the model with the updated twin kHz QPO data. For the 17 NS X‐ray sources with the simultaneously detected twin kHz QPO frequencies, the stellar massMand radiusRconstraints are given by means of the derived parameterAin the model, which is associated with the averaged mass density of the star as 〈ρ〉 = 3M/(4πR3) ≃ 2.4 × 1014(A/0.7)2g/cm3, and we also compare theM‐Rconstraints with the stellar equations of state. Moreover, we also discuss the theoretical maximum kHz QPO frequency and maximum twin peak separation, and some expectations on SAX J1808.4–3658 are mentioned, such as its highest kHz QPO frequency ∼ 870 Hz, which is about 1.4–1.5 times less than those of the other known kHz QPO sources. The estimated magnetic fields for both Z sources (about Eddington accretion rate$ {\dot M}_{\rm Edd} $) and Atoll sources (∼ 1%$ {\dot M}_{\rm Edd} $) are approximately ∼109G and ∼108G, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The inner structure of the S0 galaxy NGC 3384
Authors: Meusinger H. , Ismail H.A. , Notni P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe re‐investigate the lenticular galaxy NGC 3384, a member of the Leo I galaxy group, using HST and multi‐colour Calar Alto observations. Various approaches are used to visualize the two known peculiar components, the so‐called inner component (IC) and the elongated component (EC), on the HST images. The methods were checked in detail using synthetical images from simulated galaxies. For the first time, we make the IC as well as the inner part of the EC visible on direct images. The results confirm both the bar‐like appearance of the inner EC and the quasi‐elliptical shape of the IC. The IC resembles an inclined disk where the surface brightness becomes successively shallower towards the centre compared to an exponential profile. The orientation of the inner part of the EC is perpendicular to the major axis of the IC. The broad‐band colour indices are shown to be in agreement with model predictions for a 5 to 7 Gyr old stellar population of quasi‐solar metallicity. No significant large‐scale variations of the colour indices over the main body of the galaxy are found. We discuss the previously reported colour gradients close to the nucleus and argue that the most plausible explanation is reddening by small amounts of dust though unsharp masked HST images do not provide significant hints for clumpy dust. According to the episodic dust settling scenario suggested by Lauer et al. (2005), the very low dust fraction indicates that NGC 3384 is in a post‐activity phase and at the beginning of a new dust‐settling cycle. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oldmetal‐rich globular cluster populations: Peak color and peak metallicity trends with mass of host spheroids
Authors: Kravtsov V.V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe address the problem of the factors contributing to a peak color trend of old metal‐rich globular cluster (MRGC) populations with mass of their hosts, early‐type galaxies and spheroidal subsystems of spiral ones (spheroids). The colormass trend is often converted to a metallicity‐mass trend under the assumption that age effects are small or negligible. While direct estimates of the ages of MRGC populations neither can rule out nor reliably support the populations' age trend, key data on timing of the formation of spheroids and other indirect evidence imply it in the sense: the more massive spheroid the older on average its MRGC population. We show that the contribution of an allowable age trend of the MRGC populations to their peak color trend can achieve up to ∼50% or so. In this event the comparable value of the color trend, ∼30%, is due to alpha‐element ratio systematic variations of the order of Δ[α /Fe] ≈ 0.1 to 0.2 dex because of a correlation between the [α /Fe] ratios and age. Hence a systematic variation of exactly [Fe/H] ratios may turn out to be less significant among the contributors, and its range many times lower, i.e. of the order of Δ[Fe/H]∼0.1 or even none, than the corresponding range deduced by assuming no age trend. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Space‐time curvature and recession velocities
Authors: Liebscher D.‐E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe problem of interpretation of recession velocities reflects straightforwardly the curvature of space‐time. In a recent article it was claimed that this problem would show that the General Relativity Theory had to and would overrule the Special Relativity Theory (Davis & Lineweaver 2003; Lineweaver & Davis 2005). This must be corrected. It is shown that the simplistic definition of the recession velocity as change in distance on a space of constant cosmological time yields in fact a pseudo‐euclidean angle and that the simplest correct definition of the recession velocity fits perfectly with the SRT formula for the Doppler effect. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulations of the anisotropic kinetic and magnetic alpha effects
Authors: Brandenburg A. , Subramanian K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUsing simulations of isotropically forced helical turbulence the contributions to kinetic and magnetic alpha effects are computed. It is shown that for the parameter regimes considered in an earlier publication (Brandenburg & Subramanian 2005), the expressions for isotropic and anisotropic alpha effects give quantitatively similar results. Both kinetic and magnetic alpha effects are proportional to a relaxation time whose value, in units of the turnover time, is shown to be approximately unity and independent of the magnetic Reynolds number. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)