bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thomas Aquinas on Non-Theological Faith
Authors: Peters Catherine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe majority of studies on ‘faith’ (fides) in the thought of Thomas Aquinas consider it in a religious or theological context: fides as the theological virtue by which one assents to the truths of divine revelation. The focus on theological faith is appropriate, given its central importance as a theological virtue, but this is not the only sense of fides that Thomas identifies. The present study investigates two non-theological senses formulated in his commentary on the De Trinitate of Boethius: first, fides as the proximate cause of assenting to principles within a given science (‘epistemic faith’) and, second, fides as an indispensable element of society (‘societal faith’). These senses have been largely overlooked in secondary literature but, I argue, might help to dispel mischaracterizations of faith as fundamentally unreasonable.
Factors affecting the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis based on the GTWR model in China, 2004–2021
Authors: Yu Hairu , Yang Jiao , Yan Yexin , Zhang Hui , Chen Qiuyuan , Sun Liang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Contra-posing panel data on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at the provincial level in China through the years of 2004–2021 and introducing a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model were used to explore the effect of various factors on the incidence of PTB from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the main information from twenty-two indexes under six macro-factors. The main influencing factors were determined by the Spearman correlation and multi-collinearity tests. After fitting different models, the GTWR model was used to analyse and obtain the distribution changes of regression coefficients. Six macro-factors and incidence of PTB were both correlated, and there was no collinearity between the variables. The fitting effect of the GTWR model was better than ordinary least-squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The incidence of PTB in China was mainly affected by six macro-factors, namely medicine and health, transportation, environment, economy, disease, and educational quality. The influence degree showed an unbalanced trend in the spatial and temporal distribution.
Co-producing affordable housing futures: tools for community participation
Authors: Sookhoo Dhruv , Lynam Ava , Buchanan Kyle , Haward Mellis 
Published: February 2024

Archio interviewed by Dhruv Sookhoo and Ava LynamKyle Buchanan and Mellis Haward, directors of architectural practice Archio, reflect on their experience developing a toolkit of practices that facilitate co-design of community-led housing.In this interview, Buchanan and Haward examine the participatory approaches that Archio adopts to negotiate the delivery of enhanced housing outcomes [1]. They describe building trust with residents by interpreting their lived experiences and aspirations through architectural knowledge and practices. Discussion focuses on the co-production of design artefacts as tools that enable community stakeholders to negotiate shared ambitions for their neighbourhood within community-based development and regulatory processes (e.g. development management).In 2016, Archio was invited by London Community Land Trust and Citizens UK to compete for the opportunity to design and deliver eleven affordable homes on a disused garage site at Brasted Close, in Lewisham, London [2]. Unusually, a “Pick an Architect” workshop was held on the development site, where the public was able to evaluate prospective architectural teams for their ability to engage future residents and neighbouring communities in the collective examination of fundamental socio-spatial aspects of the project. Archio’s successful approach at the pioneering community land trust at Brasted Close anticipated their development of a toolkit of practices that emphasise collaboration during community-led development of affordable housing. These design tools were refine through use across a series of later commissions including a co-housing project at Angel Yard, Norwich and a resident-led estate regeneration scheme at Astley Estate, Southwark.
Impacts of Deforestation on Childhood Malaria Depend on Wealth and Vector Biology
Authors: Estifanos Tafesse Kefyalew , Fisher Brendan , Galford Gillian L. , Ricketts Taylor H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEcosystem change can profoundly affect human well‐being and health, including through changes in exposure to vector‐borne diseases. Deforestation has increased human exposure to mosquito vectors and malaria risk in Africa, but there is little understanding of how socioeconomic and ecological factors influence the relationship between deforestation and malaria risk. We examined these interrelationships in six sub‐Saharan African countries using demographic and health survey data linked to remotely sensed environmental variables for 11,746 children under 5 years old. We found that the relationship between deforestation and malaria prevalence varies by wealth levels. Deforestation is associated with increased malaria prevalence in the poorest households, but there was not significantly increased malaria prevalence in the richest households, suggesting that deforestation has disproportionate negative health impacts on the poor. In poorer households, malaria prevalence was 27%–33% larger for one standard deviation increase in deforestation across urban and rural populations. Deforestation is also associated with increased malaria prevalence in regions where Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus are dominant vectors, but not in areas of Anopheles arabiensis. These findings indicate that deforestation is an important driver of malaria risk among the world's most vulnerable children, and its impact depends critically on often‐overlooked social and biological factors. An in‐depth understanding of the links between ecosystems and human health is crucial in designing conservation policies that benefit people and the environment.
Sensitivity of Rainfall Extremes to Unprecedented Indian Ocean Dipole Events
Authors: MacLeod David , Kolstad Erik W. , Michaelides Katerina , Singer Michael Bliss 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStrong positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events like those in 1997 and 2019 caused significant flooding in East Africa. While future projections indicate an increase in pIOD events, limited historical data hinders a comprehensive understanding of these extremes, particularly for unprecedented events. To overcome this we utilize a large ensemble of seasonal reforecast simulations, which show that regional rainfall continues to increase with pIOD magnitude, with no apparent limit. In particular we find that extreme rain days are highly sensitive to the pIOD index and their seasonal frequency increases super‐linearly with higher pIOD magnitudes. It is vital that socio‐economic systems and infrastructure are able to handle not only the increasing frequency of events like 1997 and 2019 but also unprecedented seasons of extreme rainfall driven by as‐yet‐unseen pIOD events. Future studies should prioritize understanding the hydrological implications and population exposure to these unprecedented extremes in East Africa.
Dyssegmental dysplasia Rolland–Desbuquois type is caused by pathogenic variants in HSPG2 - a founder haplotype shared in five patients
Authors: Farshadyeganeh Paniz , Yamada Takahiro , Ohashi Hirofumi , Nishimura Gen , Fujita Hiroki , Oishi Yuriko , Nunode Misa , Ishikawa Shuku , Murotsuki Jun , Yamashita Yuri , Ikegawa Shiro , Ogi Tomoo , Arikawa-Hirasawa Eri , Ohno Kinji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDyssegmental dysplasia (DD) is a severe skeletal dysplasia comprised of two subtypes: lethal Silverman–Handmaker type (DDSH) and nonlethal Rolland–Desbuquois type (DDRD). DDSH is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in HSPG2 encoding perlecan, whereas the genetic cause of DDRD remains undetermined. Schwartz–Jampel syndrome (SJS) is also caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in HSPG2 and is an allelic disorder of DDSH. In SJS and DDSH, 44 and 8 pathogenic variants have been reported in HSPG2, respectively. Here, we report that five patients with DDRD carried four pathogenic variants in HSPG2: c.9970 G > A (p.G3324R), c.559 C > T (p.R187X), c7006 + 1 G > A, and c.11562 + 2 T > G. Two patients were homozygous for p.G3324R, and three patients were heterozygous for p.G3324R. Haplotype analysis revealed a founder haplotype spanning 85,973 bp shared in the five patients. SJS, DDRD, and DDSH are allelic disorders with pathogenic variants in HSPG2.
miR-548ag promotes DPP4 expression in hepatocytes through activation of TLR(7/8)/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Xiong Jianyu , Sun Chaoyue , Wen Xin , Hou Yanting , Liang Maodi , Liu Jie , Wei Qianqian , Yuan Fangyuan , Peng Chaoling , Chen Yao , Chang Yongsheng , Wang Cuizhe , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
In our previous study, we identified a notable increase in miR-548ag content after obesity, which contributes to the progression of Type 2 diabetes Mellitus(T2DM) through the up-regulation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4(DPP4) expression within the liver. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the upregulation of DPP4 by miR-548ag remain elusive. Mature miRNAs rich in GU sequences can activate the TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway, which transcriptionally activates DPP4 expression. Notably, the proportion of GU sequences in hsa-miR-548ag was found to be 47.6%. The study proposes a hypothesis suggesting that miR-548ag could potentially increase DPP4 expression in hepatocytes by activating the TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway.

Methods
Male C57BL/6J mice were fed normal chow diet (NCD, n = 16) or high-fat diet (HFD, n = 16) for 12 weeks. For a duration of 6 weeks, NCD mice received intraperitoneal injections of a miR-548ag mimic, while HFD mice and db/db mice (n = 16) were administered intraperitoneal injections of a miR-548ag inhibitor. qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the expression level of miR-548ag, DPP4 and the activation of TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway. HepG2 and L02 cells were transfected with miR-548ag mimic, miR-548ag inhibitor, TLR7/8 interfering fragment, and overexpression of miR-548ag while inhibiting TLR7/8, respectively.

Results
(1) We observed elevated levels of miR-548ag in the serum, adipose tissue, and liver of obese mice, accompanied by an upregulation of TLR7/8, pivotal protein in the NF-κB pathway, and DPP4 expression in the liver. (2) miR-548ag promotes DPP4 expression in hepatocytes via the TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway, resulting in a reduction in the glucose consumption capacity of hepatocytes. (3) The administration of a miR-548ag inhibitor enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in db/db mice.

Conclusions
MiR-548ag promotes the expression of DPP4 in hepatocytes by activating the TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway. MiR-548ag may be a potential target for the treatment of T2DM.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals cell atlas and identifies cycling tumor cells responsible for recurrence in ameloblastoma
Authors: Xiong Gan , Xie Nan , Nie Min , Ling Rongsong , Yun Bokai , Xie Jiaxiang , Ren Linlin , Huang Yaqi , Wang Wenjin , Yi Chen , Zhang Ming , Xu Xiuyun , Zhang Caihua , Zou Bin , Zhang Leitao , Liu Xiqiang , Huang Hongzhang , Chen Demeng , Cao Wei , Wang Cheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmeloblastoma is a benign tumor characterized by locally invasive phenotypes, leading to facial bone destruction and a high recurrence rate. However, the mechanisms governing tumor initiation and recurrence are poorly understood. Here, we uncovered cellular landscapes and mechanisms that underlie tumor recurrence in ameloblastoma at single-cell resolution. Our results revealed that ameloblastoma exhibits five tumor subpopulations varying with respect to immune response (IR), bone remodeling (BR), tooth development (TD), epithelial development (ED), and cell cycle (CC) signatures. Of note, we found that CC ameloblastoma cells were endowed with stemness and contributed to tumor recurrence, which was dominated by the EZH2-mediated program. Targeting EZH2 effectively eliminated CC ameloblastoma cells and inhibited tumor growth in ameloblastoma patient-derived organoids. These data described the tumor subpopulation and clarified the identity, function, and regulatory mechanism of CC ameloblastoma cells, providing a potential therapeutic target for ameloblastoma.
The use of Enhanced Vegetation Index for assessing access to different types of green space in epidemiological studies
Authors: Mizen Amy , Thompson Daniel A. , Watkins Alan , Akbari Ashley , Garrett Joanne K. , Geary Rebecca , Lovell Rebecca , Lyons Ronan A. , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Parker Sarah C. , Rowney Francis M. , Song Jiao , Stratton Gareth , Wheeler Benedict W. , White James , White Mathew P. , Williams Sue , Rodgers Sarah E. , Fry Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Exposure to green space can protect against poor health through a variety of mechanisms. However, there is heterogeneity in methodological approaches to exposure assessments which makes creating effective policy recommendations challenging.

Objective
Critically evaluate the use of a satellite-derived exposure metric, the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), for assessing access to different types of green space in epidemiological studies.

Methods
We used Landsat 5–8 (30 m resolution) to calculate average EVI for a 300 m radius surrounding 1.4 million households in Wales, UK for 2018. We calculated two additional measures using topographic vector data to represent access to green spaces within 300 m of household locations. The two topographic vector-based measures were total green space area stratified by type and average private garden size. We used linear regression models to test whether EVI could discriminate between publicly accessible and private green space and Pearson correlation to test associations between EVI and green space types.

Results
Mean EVI for a 300 m radius surrounding households in Wales was 0.28 (IQR = 0.12). Total green space area and average private garden size were significantly positively associated with corresponding EVI measures (β = < 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.0000, 0.0000; β = 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.0001, 0.0001 respectively). In urban areas, as average garden size increases by 1 m2, EVI increases by 0.0002. Therefore, in urban areas, to see a 0.1 unit increase in EVI index score, garden size would need to increase by 500 m2. The very small β values represent no ‘measurable real-world’ associations. When stratified by type, we observed no strong associations between greenspace and EVI.

Impact

It is a widely implemented assumption in epidiological studies that an increase in EVI is equivalent to an increase in greenness and/or green space.

We used linear regression models to test associations between EVI and potential sources of green reflectance at a neighbourhood level using satellite imagery from 2018.

We compared EVI measures with a ‘gold standard’ vector-based dataset that defines publicly accessible and private green spaces.

We found that EVI should be interpreted with care as a greater EVI score does not necessarily mean greater access to publicly available green spaces in the hyperlocal environment.
Increasing in-person medical interpreter utilization in the NICU through a bundle of interventions
Authors: Feister John , Razdan Sheila , Sharp Danielle , Punjabi Shamita , Blecharczyk Elizabeth , Escobar Veronica , Gay Paw Mar , Scala Melissa , Bonifacio Sonia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
In-person medical interpretation improves communication with patients who have preferred language other than English (PLOE). Multi-dimensional barriers to use of medical interpreters limit their use in the NICU.

Local problem
Medical teams in our NICU were not consistently using in-person medical interpreters, leading to ineffective communication with families with PLOE.

Methods/Interventions
Interventions included staff educational sessions and grand rounds regarding equitable language access, distribution of interpreter request cards to families, and allocation of dedicated in-person interpreters for NICU rounds. Interpreter utilization was calculated by total requests per Spanish-speaking person day in the NICU.

Results
Interpreter utilization increased five-fold during the intervention period (from 0.2 to 1.0 requests per Spanish-speaking person day).

Conclusions
We substantially increased our unit in-person interpreter utilization through a bundle of multifaceted interventions, many of which were low-cost. NICUs should regard dedicated medical interpreters as a critical part of the care team.
Hyper spectral resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy with amplified fs pulse bursts
Authors: Hu Hongtao , Flöry Tobias , Stummer Vinzenz , Pugzlys Audrius , Zeiler Markus , Xie Xinhua , Zheltikov Aleksei , Baltuška Andrius 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present a novel approach for Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) spectroscopy in which a hyper spectral resolution and high-speed spectral acquisition are achieved by employing amplified offset-phase controlled fs-pulse bursts. We investigate the method by solving the coupled non-linear Schrödinger equations and validate it by numerically characterizing SRS in molecular nitrogen as a model compound. The spectral resolution of the method is found to be determined by the inverse product of the number of pulses in the burst and the intraburst pulse separation. The SRS spectrum is obtained through a motion-free scanning of the offset phase that results in a sweep of the Raman-shift frequency. Due to high spectral resolution and fast motion-free scanning the technique is beneficial for a number SRS-based applications such as gas sensing and chemical analysis.
Liquid lens based holographic camera for real 3D scene hologram acquisition using end-to-end physical model-driven network
Authors: Wang Di , Li Zhao-Song , Zheng Yi , Zhao You-Ran , Liu Chao , Xu Jin-Bo , Zheng Yi-Wei , Huang Qian , Chang Chen-Liang , Zhang Da-Wei , Zhuang Song-Lin , Wang Qiong-Hua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the development of artificial intelligence, neural network provides unique opportunities for holography, such as high fidelity and dynamic calculation. How to obtain real 3D scene and generate high fidelity hologram in real time is an urgent problem. Here, we propose a liquid lens based holographic camera for real 3D scene hologram acquisition using an end-to-end physical model-driven network (EEPMD-Net). As the core component of the liquid camera, the first 10 mm large aperture electrowetting-based liquid lens is proposed by using specially fabricated solution. The design of the liquid camera ensures that the multi-layers of the real 3D scene can be obtained quickly and with great imaging performance. The EEPMD-Net takes the information of real 3D scene as the input, and uses two new structures of encoder and decoder networks to realize low-noise phase generation. By comparing the intensity information between the reconstructed image after depth fusion and the target scene, the composite loss function is constructed for phase optimization, and the high-fidelity training of hologram with true depth of the 3D scene is realized for the first time. The holographic camera achieves the high-fidelity and fast generation of the hologram of the real 3D scene, and the reconstructed experiment proves that the holographic image has the advantage of low noise. The proposed holographic camera is unique and can be used in 3D display, measurement, encryption and other fields.
Effects of high-protein diets on the cardiometabolic factors and reproductive hormones of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Fang , Dou Pan , Wei Wei , Liu Peng Ju 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe optimal dietary regimen for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not been identified. High-protein diets (HPDs) are effective for weight control in individuals with metabolic abnormalities, but no systematic meta-analyses have yet summarised the effects of HPDs on PCOS. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to 30 April 2023, and studies comparing the effects of HPDs and other diets on the anthropometrics, metabolic factors, and hormonal profiles for PCOS were identified. Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration tool. Eight trials involving 300 women with PCOS were included. Compared with isocaloric balanced diets (BDs), HPDs significantly reduced fasting insulin (−2.69 μIU/mL, 95% CI [−3.81, −1.57], P < 0.0001, I2 = 46%) and homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR−0.41, 95% CI [−0.80, −0.02], P = 0.04, I2 = 94%) in women with PCOS. However, HPDs and BDs had comparable effects on weight loss, abdominal adiposity, lipid profiles, and reproductive hormones (all P ≥ 0.05). HPDs may benefit women with PCOS in terms of improving insulin resistance, supporting for their use as one of the dietary management options for PCOS, however further RCTs in larger and broader settings are required to confirm these observations and investigate the mechanism behind it.
Progesterone receptor potentiates macropinocytosis through CDC42 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liao Ying-Na , Gai Yan-Zhi , Qian Li-Heng , Pan Hong , Zhang Yi-Fan , Li Pin , Guo Ying , Li Shu-Xin , Nie Hui-Zhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEndocrine receptors play an essential role in tumor metabolic reprogramming and represent a promising therapeutic avenue in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is characterized by a nutrient-deprived microenvironment. To meet their ascendant energy demands, cancer cells can internalize extracellular proteins via macropinocytosis. However, the roles of endocrine receptors in macropinocytosis are not clear. In this study, we found that progesterone receptor (PGR), a steroid-responsive nuclear receptor, is highly expressed in PDAC tissues obtained from both patients and transgenic LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; PDX1-cre (KPC) mice. Moreover, PGR knockdown restrained PDAC cell survival and tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Genetic and pharmacological PGR inhibition resulted in a marked attenuation of macropinocytosis in PDAC cells and subcutaneous tumor models, indicating the involvement of this receptor in macropinocytosis regulation. Mechanistically, PGR upregulated CDC42, a critical regulator in macropinocytosis, through PGR-mediated transcriptional activation. These data deepen the understanding of how the endocrine system influences tumor progression via a non-classical pathway and provide a novel therapeutic option for patients with PDAC.