bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eden for Cyborgs: Ecocriticism and Genesis 2–3
Authors: Walker-Jones Arthur 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article begins by introducing the work of a leading feminist theorist, Donna Haraway, especially her classic article, "A Manifesto for Cyborgs," and its relevance for ecocriticism of the Hebrew Bible. Building on the work of Hilary Klein, Haraway argues that Marxism, feminism and technoscience often work out of origin stories that reinscribe the dualisms that feminists seek to overcome. She refers to all contemporary origin stories as Eden stories. Her analysis of Jane Goodall's work at Gombe is an example. Haraway seeks myths or figures that blur the boundaries between the dualisms that structure oppression, and that may help imagine a more livable future. Much of her work is with "monsters" because they often define the limits of community in Western culture. For instance, although the cyborg has its origin in a horrible myth of patriarchal capitalism about destruction of Earth and escape into space, she suggests the cyborg has the potential to subvert its origin because it blurs the boundaries between humanity and nature and redefines both. The serpent in the Garden of Eden story is such a boundary transgressing monster. It blurs the boundaries between God and nature, and humanity and nature. With the help of the snake, the humans acquire the discernment to fulfill their preordained vocation to serve and protect Earth and choose reality and full humanity with all its ambiguities. An interpretation of the story that focuses on the serpent could decenter heterosexist and anthropocentric readings and serve as a subversive figure for the future of the Earth community.
La manière de raconter et l'enjeu du récit. Jérémie présente Ananias en Jer 28,1 TM et 35,1 LXX
Authors: Di Pede Elena 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe way in which a story is told determines the aim and the significant elements of the particular telling which is thus produced, as any telling of a story comes down to putting into action a narrative strategy with a view to achieving a certain effect on the reader. When one has two versions of the same story, one can, by comparison, assess the strategy used in each one. That is the aim of the present note, which analyses the presentation that Jeremiah offers of his adversary Hananiah in Jer 28,1 (mt)/35,1 (lxx).
An Early Chinese Calendar Chart: Kuan-Tzu, Iii, 8 (Yu Kuan ? ?) 1)
Authors: Rickett W. Allyn 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Kuan-tzu is a collection of essays dating roughly from the fourth to the second century B.C. They were edited in their present form by Liu Hsiang about 26 B.C. This essay is composed of a seasonal calendar coupled with a treatise on military strategy. The arrangement of the text indicates it once formed the content of an early calendar chart.
Experimental No. 223, a newspaper typeface, designed by W.A. Dwiggins
Authors: Unger Gerard 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFrom 1926 onwards, beginning with their introduction of the 'Ionic' typeface, the Mergenthaler Linotype composing machine manufacturers, prompted by their director C.H. Griffith, continued to develop the so-called 'Legibility group' of typefaces for newspapers. These types, soon closely copied by their competitors, have indeed 'conquered the world': they practically determine the look of contemporary newspapers. A very large portion of our daily intake of information comes through these types. Within the Linotype company, its principal artist-under-contract, W.A. Dwiggins (author, among other things, of the 'Electra' and 'Caledonia' book faces) objected to the design quality of the 'Legibility group' and proposed solutions of his own. The Dutch typedesigner Gerard Unger has examined the Dwiggins-Gri f fith correspondence kept in the library of the University of Kentucky at Lexington and in the Boston Public Library. He traces the development of Dwiggins's counter-proposals and explains why they did not succeed in driving out the ubiquitous derivates of the Ionic model-a feat, by the way, which Stanley Morison's 'Times New Roman', conceived as a newspaper type but actually today's most successful type for books and periodicals, failed to perform either. - Ed.
Inactivating Icmt ameliorates K-RAS–induced myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Wahlstrom Annika M. , Cutts Briony A. , Liu Meng , Lindskog Annika , Karlsson Christin , Sjogren Anna-Karin M. , Andersson Karin M. E. , Young Stephen G. , Bergo Martin O. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Hyperactive signaling through the RAS proteins is involved in the pathogenesis of many forms of cancer. The RAS proteins and many other intracellular signaling proteins are either farnesylated or geranylgeranylated at a carboxyl-terminal cysteine. That isoprenylcysteine is then carboxyl methylated by isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT). We previously showed that inactivation of Icmt mislocalizes the RAS proteins away from the plasma membrane and blocks RAS transformation of mouse fibroblasts, suggesting that ICMT could be a therapeutic target. However, nothing is known about the impact of inhibiting ICMT on the development of malignancies in vivo. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that inactivation of Icmt would inhibit the development or progression of a K-RAS–induced myeloproliferative disease in mice. We found that inactivating Icmt reduced splenomegaly, the number of immature myeloid cells in peripheral blood, and tissue infiltration by myeloid cells. Moreover, in the absence of Icmt, the ability of K-RAS–expressing hematopoietic cells to form colonies in methylcellulose without exogenous growth factors was reduced dramatically. Finally, inactivating Icmt reduced lung tumor development and myeloproliferation phenotypes in a mouse model of K-RAS–induced cancer. We conclude that inactivation of Icmt ameliorates phenotypes of K-RAS–induced malignancies in vivo.
Rituximab blocks binding of radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibodies (Ab) but not radiolabeled anti-CD45 Ab
Authors: Gopal Ajay K. , Press Oliver W. , Wilbur Shani M. , Maloney David G. , Pagel John M. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Rituximab therapy is associated with a long in vivo persistence, yet little is known about the effect of circulating rituximab on B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) targeting by the other available anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 131iodine-tositumomab and 90yttrium-ibritumomab tiuxetan. Therefore we assessed the impact of preexisting rituximab on the binding and efficacy of second anti-CD20 MoAbs to B-NHL and determined whether targeting an alternative lymphoma-associated antigen, CD45, could circumvent this effect. We demonstrated that rituximab concentrations as low as 5 μg/mL nearly completely blocked the binding of a second anti-CD20 MoAbs (P < .001), but had no impact on CD45 targeting (P = .89). Serum from patients with distant exposures to rituximab also blocked binding of anti-CD20 MoAbs to patient-derived rituximab-naive B-NHL at concentrations at low as 7 μg/mL, but did not affect CD45 ligation. A mouse xenograft model (Granta, FL-18, Ramos cell lines) showed that rituximab pretreatment significantly reduced B-NHL targeting and tumor control by CD20-directed radioimmunotherapy (RIT), but had no impact on targeting CD45. These findings suggest that circulating rituximab impairs the clinical efficacy of CD20-directed RIT, imply that novel anti-CD20 MoAbs could also face this same limitation, and indicate that CD45 may represent an alternative target for RIT in B-NHL.
Nonclassical anti-C2 domain antibodies are present in patients with factor VIII inhibitors
Authors: Meeks Shannon L. , Healey John F. , Parker Ernest T. , Barrow Rachel T. , Lollar Pete 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe antihuman factor VIII (fVIII) C2 domain immune response in hemophilia A mice consists of antibodies that can be divided into 5 groups of structural epitopes and 2 groups of functional epitopes. Groups A, AB, and B consist of classical C2 antibodies that inhibit the binding of fVIII to phospholipid and von Willebrand factor. Groups BC and C contain nonclassical C2 antibodies that block the activation of fVIII by thrombin or factor Xa. Group BC antibodies are the most common and display high specific inhibitory activity and type II kinetics. The C2 epitope groups recognized by 26 polyclonal human anti-fVIII inhibitor plasmas were identified by a novel competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using group-specific murine monoclonal antibodies. Most of the anti-C2 inhibitor plasmas inhibited the binding of both classical and nonclassical antibodies. These results suggest that nonclassical anti-C2 antibodies contribute significantly to the pathogenicity of fVIII inhibitors.
Human leukocyte antigens A23, A24, and A32 but not A25 are ligands for KIR3DL1
Authors: Stern Martin , Ruggeri Loredana , Capanni Marusca , Mancusi Antonella , Velardi Andrea 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIR) bind to major histocompatibility complex antigens. Concise knowledge of KIR ligands allows prediction of natural killer (NK)–cell alloreactivity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. KIR3DL1 binds to the Bw4 epitope on HLA-B antigens. Although the same epitope is also found on 4 HLA-A antigens (HLA-A23/24/25/32), these are not currently regarded as KIR3DL1 ligands. We show that expression of HLA A*2301, A*2402, or A*3201 but not HLA A*2501 protects target cells from lysis by KIR3DL1+ NK cells. KIR3DL1+ NK cells from donors expressing the Bw4 epitope on an HLA-A antigen only are fully functional and capable of lysing Bw4− target cells. HLA A25 differs at amino acid 90, close to the serologic Bw4 epitope, from A23/24/32 and from Bw4+ HLA-B antigens. These data suggest that HLA-A antigens should be taken into consideration when assessing the potential for NK alloreactivity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
DNA vaccination induces WT1-specific T-cell responses with potential clinical relevance
Authors: Chaise Coralie , Buchan Sarah L. , Rice Jason , Marquet Jeanine , Rouard Hélène , Kuentz Mathieu , Vittes Gisella E. , Molinier-Frenkel Valérie , Farcet Jean-Pierre , Stauss Hans J. , Delfau-Larue Marie-Hélène , Stevenson Freda K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Wilms tumor antigen, WT1, is associated with several human cancers, including leukemia. We evaluated WT1 as an immunotherapeutic target using our proven DNA fusion vaccine design, p.DOM-peptide, encoding a minimal tumor-derived major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–binding epitope downstream of a foreign sequence of tetanus toxin. Three p.DOM-peptide vaccines, each encoding a different WT1-derived, HLA-A2–restricted epitope, induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in humanized transgenic mice expressing chimeric HLA-A2, without affecting hematopoietic stem cells. Mouse CTLs killed human leukemia cells in vitro, indicating peptide processing/presentation. Low numbers of T cells specific for these epitopes have been described in cancer patients. Expanded human T cells specific for each epitope were lytic in vitro. Focusing on human WT137–45–specific cells, the most avid of the murine responses, we demonstrated lysis of primary leukemias, underscoring their clinical relevance. Finally, we showed that these human CTL kill target cells transfected with the relevant p.DOM-peptide DNA vaccine, confirming that WT1-derived epitopes are presented to T cells similarly by tumors and following DNA vaccination. Together, these data link mouse and human studies to suggest that rationally designed DNA vaccines encoding WT1-derived epitopes, particularly WT137–45, have the potential to induce/expand functional tumor-specific cytotoxic responses in cancer patients.
First thalidomide clinical trial in multiple myeloma: a decade
Authors: van Rhee Frits , Dhodapkar Madhav , Shaughnessy John D. , Anaissie Elias , Siegel David , Hoering Antje , Zeldis Jerome , Jenkins Bonnie , Singhal Seema , Mehta Jayesh , Crowley John , Jagannath Sundar , Barlogie Bart 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe clinical outcomes of 169 patients enrolled in the first clinical trial of thalidomide for advanced or refractory myeloma are updated. Seventeen patients remain alive and 10 are event-free, with a median follow-up of 9.2 years. According to multivariate analysis of pretreatment variables, cytogenetic abnormalities, present in 47% of patients within 3 months of enrollment, and λ light chain isotype both affected overall survival and event-free survival adversely. Forty percent of the 58 patients lacking these 2 unfavorable features, one-half of whom had no disease recurrence, survived at least 6 years, in contrast to fewer than 5% among those with 1 or 2 risk features (P < .001). Patients who had received cumulative thalidomide doses in excess of 42 g in the first 3 months enjoyed superior overall and event-free survival. The poor outcome associated with λ-type myeloma may relate to its overrepresentation in molecularly defined high-risk disease gleaned from studies in newly diagnosed myeloma.
Cyproheptadine displays preclinical activity in myeloma and leukemia
Authors: Mao Xinliang , Liang Sheng-ben , Hurren Rose , Gronda Marcela , Chow Sue , Xu G. Wei , Wang Xiaoming , Zavareh Reza Beheshti , Jamal Nazir , Messner Hans , Hedley David W. , Datti Alessandro , Wrana Jeff L. , Zhu Yuanxiao , Shi Chang-xin , Lee Kyle , Tiedemann Rodger , Trudel Suzanne , Stewart A. Keith , Schimmer Aaron D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractD-cyclins are regulators of cell division that act in a complex with cyclin-dependent kinases to commit cells to a program of DNA replication. D-cyclins are overexpressed in many tumors, including multiple myeloma and leukemia, and contribute to disease progression and chemoresistance. To better understand the role and impact of D-cyclins in hematologic malignancies, we conducted a high throughput screen for inhibitors of the cyclin D2 promoter and identified the drug cyproheptadine. In myeloma and leukemia cells, cyproheptadine decreased expression of cyclins D1, D2, and D3 and arrested these cells in the G0/G1 phase. After D-cyclin suppression, cyproheptadine induced apoptosis in myeloma and leukemia cell lines and primary patient samples preferentially over normal hematopoietic cells. In mouse models of myeloma and leukemia, cyproheptadine inhibited tumor growth without significant toxicity. Cyproheptadine-induced apoptosis was preceded by activation of the mitochondrial pathway of caspase activation and was independent of the drug's known activity as an H1 histamine and serotonin receptor antagonist. Thus, cyproheptadine represents a lead for a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of malignancy. Because the drug is well tolerated and already approved in multiple countries for clinical use as an antihistamine and appetite stimulant, it could be moved directly into clinical trials for cancer.
Evolutionary origin of regulatory regions of retrogenes in Drosophila
Authors: Bai Yongsheng , Casola Claudio , Betrán Esther 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Retrogenes are processed copies of other genes. This duplication mechanism produces a copy of the parental gene that should not contain introns, and usually does not contain cis-regulatory regions. Here, we computationally address the evolutionary origin of promoter and other cis-regulatory regions in retrogenes using a total of 94 Drosophila retroposition events we recently identified. Previous tissue expression data has revealed that a large fraction of these retrogenes are specifically and/or highly expressed in adult testes of Drosophila.

Results
In this work, we infer that retrogenes do not generally carry regulatory regions from aberrant upstream or normal transcripts of their parental genes, and that expression patterns of neighboring genes are not consistently shared by retrogenes. Additionally, transposable elements do not appear to substantially provide regulatory regions to retrogenes. Interestingly, we find that there is an excess of retrogenes in male testis neighborhoods that is not explained by insertional biases of the retroelement machinery used for retroposition.

Conclusion
We conclude that retrogenes' regulatory regions mostly do not represent a random set of existing regulatory regions. On the contrary, our conclusion is that selection is likely to have played an important role in the persistence of autosomal testis biased retrogenes. Selection in favor of retrogenes inserted in male testis neighborhoods and at the sequence level to produce testis expression is postulated to have occurred.
Pectic homogalacturonan masks abundant sets of xyloglucan epitopes in plant cell walls
Authors: Marcus Susan E , Verhertbruggen Yves , Hervé Cécile , Ordaz-Ortiz José J , Farkas Vladimir , Pedersen Henriette L , Willats William GT , Knox J Paul 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Molecular probes are required to detect cell wall polymers in-situ to aid understanding of their cell biology and several studies have shown that cell wall epitopes have restricted occurrences across sections of plant organs indicating that cell wall structure is highly developmentally regulated. Xyloglucan is the major hemicellulose or cross-linking glycan of the primary cell walls of dicotyledons although little is known of its occurrence or functions in relation to cell development and cell wall microstructure.

Results
Using a neoglycoprotein approach, in which a XXXG heptasaccharide of tamarind seed xyloglucan was coupled to BSA to produce an immunogen, we have generated a rat monoclonal antibody (designated LM15) to the XXXG structural motif of xyloglucans. The specificity of LM15 has been confirmed by the analysis of LM15 binding using glycan microarrays and oligosaccharide hapten inhibition of binding studies. The use of LM15 for the analysis of xyloglucan in the cell walls of tamarind and nasturtium seeds, in which xyloglucan occurs as a storage polysaccharide, indicated that the LM15 xyloglucan epitope occurs throughout the thickened cell walls of the tamarind seed and in the outer regions, adjacent to middle lamellae, of the thickened cell walls of the nasturtium seed. Immunofluorescence analysis of LM15 binding to sections of tobacco and pea stem internodes indicated that the xyloglucan epitope was restricted to a few cell types in these organs. Enzymatic removal of pectic homogalacturonan from equivalent sections resulted in the abundant detection of distinct patterns of the LM15 xyloglucan epitope across these organs and a diversity of occurrences in relation to the cell wall microstructure of a range of cell types.

Conclusion
These observations support ideas that xyloglucan is associated with pectin in plant cell walls. They also indicate that documented patterns of cell wall epitopes in relation to cell development and cell differentiation may need to be re-considered in relation to the potential masking of cell wall epitopes by other cell wall components.
Surgeons' beliefs and perceptions about removal of orthopaedic implants
Authors: Hanson Beate , van der Werken Chris , Stengel Dirk 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
The routine removal of orthopaedic fixation devices after fracture healing remains an issue of debate. There are no evidence-based guidelines on this matter, and little is known on surgeons' practice and perceived effectiveness of implant removal in different clinical settings.

Methods
A 41-item questionnaire was distributed to 730 attendees of the AO Principles and Masters Courses of Operative Fracture Treatment in Davos, Switzerland, to assess their attitudes towards removal of different types of implants, and perceived benefits and risks with this common procedure.

Results
The response rate was 655/730 (89.7%), representing 54.6% of all 1199 course attendees. Surgeons from 65 countries (571 males and 84 females, mean age 39 ± SD 9 years) took part in the survey. Fifty-eight percent of the participants did not agree that routine implant removal is necessary, and 49% and 58% did not agree that indwelling implants pose an excess risk for fractures or general adverse effects. Forty-eight percent felt that removal is riskier than leaving the implant in situ. Implant removal in symptomatic patients was rated to be moderately effective (mean rating on a 10-point-scale, 5.8, 95% confidence interval 5.7–6.0). Eighty-five percent of all participants agreed that implant removal poses a burden to hospital resources. Surgeons were undetermined whether implant removal is adequately reimbursed by payers of health care services (44% "I-don't-know"-answers).

Conclusion
Many surgeons refuse a routine implant removal policy, and do not believe in clinically significant adverse effects of retained metal implants. Given the frequency of the procedure in orthopaedic departments worldwide, there is an urgent need for a large randomized trial to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of implant removal with regard to patient-centred outcomes.
Factors affecting medical students in formulating their specialty preferences in Jordan
Authors: Khader Yousef , Al-Zoubi Dema , Amarin Zouhair , Alkafagei Ahmad , Khasawneh Mohammad , Burgan Samar , El Salem Khalid , Omari Mousa 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years there has been a growing appreciation of the issues of career preference in medicine as it may affect student learning and academic performance. However, no such studies have been undertaken in medical schools in Jordan. Therefore, we carried out this study to investigate the career preferences of medical students at Jordan University of Science and Technology and determine factors that might influence their career decisions.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out among second, fourth and sixth year medical students at the Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan during the academic year 2006/2007. A total of 440 students answered the questionnaire which covered demographic characteristics, specialty preferences, and the factors that influenced these career preferences. Possible influences were selected on the basis of a literature review and discussions with groups of medical students and physicians. Students were asked to consider 14 specialty options and select the most preferred career preference.ResultsThe most preferred specialty expressed by male students was surgery, followed by internal medicine and orthopaedics, while the specialty most preferred by female students was obstetrics and gynaecology, followed by pediatrics and surgery. Students showed little interest in orthopedics, ophthalmology, and dermatology. While 3.1% of females expressed interest in anesthesiology, no male students did. Other specialties were less attractive to most students.Intellectual content of the specialty and the individual's competencies were the most influential on their preference of specialty. Other influential factors were the "reputation of the specialty", "anticipated income", and "focus on urgent care".ConclusionSurgery, internal medicine, pediatrics, and obstetrics and gynaecology were the most preferred specialty preferences of medical students at Jordan University of Science and Technology.