bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative image encryption algorithm enhanced with the Pan-Tompkins Algorithm for optimal security
Authors: İhsan Ayşegül , Doğan Nurettin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a cutting-edge image encryption algorithm aimed at elevating security standards. The Pan-Tompkins Algorithm (PTA) for key generation is proposed for the first time in this study. Additionally, employing steganography through the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method for embedding keys within the encrypted image enhances secure key distribution, thereby fortifying the encryption process. On the other hand, the integration of advanced algorithms, such as Zigzag scanning, the Affine Image Encryption Algorithm (AA), and the Vigenere Image Encryption Algorithm (VA), constitutes the fundamental innovation of the proposed image encryption algorithm. The proposed algorithm is named PanAAVA:Affine Algorithm and Vigenere Algorithm Encryption with PTA-Based Key Generation. The PanAAVA algorithm ensures unparalleled security by encrypting the positions and values of pixels using AA and VA. Notably, using PTA for key generation marks a distinctive and new key generation method feature of the algorithm. To assess the effectiveness of the PanAAVA, a comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted against well-established encryption methodologies, including Lena, Baboon, Airplane, and Pepper.The PanAAVA demonstrates exceptional proficiency in histogram analysis. The PanAAVA demonstrates a Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) of 33.4044%. Additionally, the Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) is measured at 99.7442%, showcasing the algorithm’s effectiveness in inducing significant pixel changes. The proposed algorithm’s Mean Square Error (MSE) is calculated at 3.20679E5%. The proposed algorithm’s Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is recorded at 9.512475. The Key Space Size of the proposed algorithm is measured at 2209. Regarding correlation analysis, the PanAAVA achieves a high correlation score of 7.9996. The proposed algorithm successfully passes the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) analysis, demonstrating a remarkably strong correlation close to 0 and a Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of 0.9977. Furthermore, regarding quantum communication, the proposed algorithm maintains stable key rates of 47.5 ± 0.8 kHz during the day and 50.9 ± 0.7 kHz at night. Additionally, PanAAVA achieves low Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) values of 4.77 ± 0.02, ensuring reliable and secure communication. The PanAAVA also demonstrates robust asymmetries at 49.81 ± 0.02 and 50.14 ± 0.03 for a crystal length of 20 mm. highlighting PanAAVA’s adaptability and effectiveness in different scenarios. PanAAVA outperforms other encryption algorithms concerning performance measurements and comparisons. In conclusion, the PanAAVA emerges as a beacon of superior security capabilities and innovation in image encryption, showcasing the potential to redefine standards in the field.
A New Optimization Model for MLP Hyperparameter Tuning: Modeling and Resolution by Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm
Authors: El-Hassani Fatima Zahrae , Amri Meryem , Joudar Nour-Eddine , Haddouch Khalid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces an efficient real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) evolved for constrained real-parameter optimization. This novel RCGA incorporates three specially crafted evolutionary operators: Tournament Selection (RS) with elitism, Simulated Binary Crossover (SBX), and Polynomial Mutation (PM). The application of this RCGA is directed toward optimizing the MLPRGA+5 model. This model is designed to configure Multilayer Perceptron neural networks by optimizing both their architecture and associated hyperparameters, including learning rates, activation functions, and regularization hyperparameters. The objective function employed is the widely recognized learning loss function, commonly used for training neural networks. The integration of this objective function is supported by the introduction of new variables representing MLP hyperparameter values. Additionally, a set of constraints is thoughtfully designed to align with the structure of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and its corresponding hyperparameters. The practicality and effectiveness of the MLPRGA+5 approach are demonstrated through extensive experimentation applied to four datasets from the UCI machine learning repository. The results highlight the remarkable performance of MLPRGA+5, characterized by both complexity reduction and accuracy improvement.
Habitually breaking habits: Agency, awareness, and decision-making in musical improvisation
Authors: Bergamin Joshua A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the question of agency in spontaneous action via a phenomenology of musical improvisation, drawing on fieldwork conducted with large contemporary improvising ensembles. I argue that musical improvisation is a form of ‘participatory sense-making’ in which musical decisions unfold via a feedback process with the evolving musical situation itself. I describe how musicians’ technical expertise is developed alongside a responsive expertise, and how these capacities complicate the sense in which habitual action can be viewed as pre-conscious or ‘automatic.’ Nevertheless, I shall argue that the self-awareness required for expert improvisation does not amount to highly reflective deliberation, arguing instead that the practice of musical improvisation involves an exercise of practical rationality, akin to what Aristotle called phronēsis. Musical decisions – as an expressive form of sense-making – are guided by feelings of ‘rightness’ that are experienced directly and intuitively, responding to the norms and reasons that are embedded in the instruments, sounds, and practices of a particular (sub)culture..
Socio-economic baseline for oil-impacted communities in Ogoniland: towards a restoration framework in Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Sam Kabari , Zabbey Nenibarini , Vincent-Akpu Ijeoma Favour , Komi Gentle , Onyagbodor Peter Oghogho , Babatunde Bolaji Bernard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study documents the socio-economic baselines in selected oil-impacted communities prior to the commencement of the Ogoni clean-up and restoration project. Adopting mixed approach consisting of semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and household surveys, we surveyed the pre-remediation socio-economic conditions in the Ogoniland communities between July 2018 and March 2019. Results indicated that almost all respondents (99.6%) agreed that the smell of petroleum products or crude oil was evident in the air they breathed even as there were visible black particles (soot) in the respondents’ nostrils, on their clothes, and in water. The respondents described the ambient air as smoky and choked with an offensive smell. The household waters were smelly, brownish, or oily, and most respondents (76%) cannot afford to treat their water. Forty-two percent of the respondents who relied on fishing and farming for a living sought for alternative means of subsistence and acknowledged that oil pollution caused stunted growth and low crop yield. The majority of respondents (91%) reported falling fish catches, while the fish caught smell and taste of oil, lowering their market value and posing a potential health risk to consumers. It is evident that oil pollution has impacted the socio-ecological values and sustainable livelihood in Ogoniland. This study provides baseline data for monitoring post-remediation socio-economic improvements in Ogoniland. It also highlights areas of urgent intervention to improve livelihood, and access to basic amenities (e.g., potable drinking water), waste management infrastructure, and statutory policy changes for sustainable development in Ogoniland.
Identifying Support Structures Associated with Informal Formative Evaluation in Instructional Design
Authors: Smith Suzanne , Luo Tian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInstructional designers perform informal formative evaluation in design practice. An evaluation may be used to locate errors in alignment of instructional objectives or to increase the quality or effectiveness of a design. An instructional design review is similar to peer reviews in higher education which are often structured, and tools are provided to contribute to the review. A study was performed to identify the support structures and tools that contribute to building a community of feedback within the practice of instructional design reviews. Six instructional designers and design managers were interviewed to gather the processes they use in design reviews and to understand their perceptions of the practice. There was an alignment between manager support and an environment that promotes a supportive review. The designers described a “culture of feedback” when there was structure and there were supports provided for reviews.
Test-time augmentation with synthetic data addresses distribution shifts in spectral imaging
Authors: Qasim Ahmad Bin , Motta Alessandro , Studier-Fischer Alexander , Sellner Jan , Ayala Leonardo , Hübner Marco , Bressan Marc , Özdemir Berkin , Kowalewski Karl Friedrich , Nickel Felix , Seidlitz Silvia , Maier-Hein Lena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical scene segmentation is crucial for providing context-aware surgical assistance. Recent studies highlight the significant advantages of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) over traditional RGB data in enhancing segmentation performance. Nevertheless, the current hyperspectral imaging (HSI) datasets remain limited and do not capture the full range of tissue variations encountered clinically.

Methods
Based on a total of 615 hyperspectral images from a total of 16 pigs, featuring porcine organs in different perfusion states, we carry out an exploration of distribution shifts in spectral imaging caused by perfusion alterations. We further introduce a novel strategy to mitigate such distribution shifts, utilizing synthetic data for test-time augmentation.

Results
The effect of perfusion changes on state-of-the-art (SOA) segmentation networks depended on the organ and the specific perfusion alteration induced. In the case of the kidney, we observed a performance decline of up to 93% when applying a state-of-the-art (SOA) network under ischemic conditions. Our method improved on the state-of-the-art (SOA) by up to 4.6 times.

Conclusion
Given its potential wide-ranging relevance to diverse pathologies, our approach may serve as a pivotal tool to enhance neural network generalization within the realm of spectral imaging.
Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir-Welded Pure Titanium
Authors: Regev Michael , Spigarelli Stefano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCommercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) plates were friction stir welded (FSWed) using a welding tool with a tungsten carbide (WC) pin. The bead-on-plate technique was applied to reduce the effects of welding defects, such as incomplete penetration. Whereas many papers have reported on creep studies of CP-Ti as well as on FSW of CP-Ti, no paper has investigated the creep behavior of a CP-Ti FSW’ed joint. Consequently, the current study focuses on this topic. The current paper, which is part of a broader research project, focuses on the metallurgical processes occurring during the creep of a FSW’ed CP-Ti joint at the temperature range of 550-650 °C. Based on the current study and previous results obtained by the authors, it can be concluded that the weld is not the weakest link. In every case, necking and creep fracture occurred in the parent material (PM), rather than either the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) or the stir zone (SZ), indicating that both zones are more creep-resistant than the parent material. Fractography showed that the fracture surface was typical of creep fracture and that the fracture mechanism was microvoid coalescence and also ruled out any preexisting defect. TEM study of broken crept specimens revealed randomly distributed dislocations but no evidence of grain refinement, hence leading to the conclusion that dislocation glide was the dominant creep mechanism. The technological implication of the current study is that the welding process is safe for use as far as its creep properties are concerned.
Adoption and performance outcome of digitalization in small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Kallmuenzer Andreas , Mikhaylov Alexey , Chelaru Mihaela , Czakon Wojciech 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDigital transformation has a profound impact on businesses and various implications for firms. While some effectively navigate this digital shift, harnessing the benefits of modern technologies, many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) struggle to seize the opportunities presented by this transformative process, despite its unprecedented potential. Decision-makers within SMEs often grapple with uncertainty surrounding the digitalization process, leading to hesitancy in embracing available technologies. This qualitative study endeavors to address this challenge by exploring the enablers and barriers of digitalization adoption within SMEs, while also assessing its impact on performance. In-depth interviews were conducted with SME managers, with the results revealing that several factors simplify the process of digitization in SMEs, including the appropriate technologies, and a workforce equipped with the right digital skills to use them. Conversely, we identified elements that pose barriers to digitalization, such as the risk-averse culture prevalent in many SMEs, and their reliance on outdated legacy systems. In summary, our research underscores the importance of a strategic interplay of these elements for effective digitization within SMEs. This study sheds light on the intricacies of the digitalization process, while also providing valuable insights into the factors influencing its adoption and the resulting performance outcomes in the SME context.
Dynamic relationship between green bonds, energy prices, geopolitical risk, and disaggregated level CO2 emissions: evidence from the globe by novel WLMC approach
Authors: Kartal Mustafa Tevfik , Taşkın Dilvin , Kılıç Depren Serpil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research analyzes the dynamic relationship between green bonds, energy prices, geopolitical risk, and CO2 emissions. In doing so, the study examines the global scale at disaggregated (i.e., sectoral) level, applies a novel time and frequency-based approach (i.e., wavelet local multiple correlation-WLMC), and uses high-frequency daily data between 1st January 2020 and 28th April 2023. In doing so, the study considers the potential differences among sectors. So, aggregated and disaggregated level CO2 emissions on sectoral bases are investigated. Hence, the study comprehensively uncovers the effect of the aforementioned indicators on global CO2 emissions. The results reveal that on CO2 emissions (i) the most influential factor is the geopolitical risk (2020/1–2021/5), green bonds (2021/5–2021/7), energy prices (2021/7–2023/1), and green bonds (2023/1–2023/4); (ii) the effects of the influential factors are much weaker (stronger) at lower (higher) frequencies; (iii) the effect of the influential factors change based on times and frequencies; (iv) however, the effects of the influential factors on CO2 emissions do not differ at aggregated or disaggregated levels. Overall, the results present novel insights for time and frequency-varying effects as well as both aggregated and disaggregated level analyses of global CO2 emissions.
How Police Officers Experience Suspect Interviews: Beliefs and Practices in the Belgian Interview Room
Authors: Schell-Leugers Jennifer Maria , Vanderhallen Miet , Bogaard Glynis , Maegherman Enide , Jung Lara Gil , Nieuwkamp Veerle , Kassin Saul M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current study focuses on the beliefs and practices of Belgian police officers (N = 177) concerning suspect interviews. Enhancing and safeguarding the quality of suspect interviews can prevent miscarriages of justice, and a comprehensive understanding of the process is crucial. While prior research has explored suspects’ perspectives on this issue, there has been no comprehensive study on European police officers’ beliefs and practices. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the attitudes of Belgian officers in two studies. Study 1 included Flemish-speaking police officers (N = 130), and Study 2 included French and German-speaking officers (N = 47). Using a self-report survey, officers were questioned about the duration, frequency, and recording of suspect interviews, suspects’ use of legal rights, deception detection ability, (false) confession rates, and the use of various interviewing techniques. The findings suggest a positive shift in the Belgian approach to suspect interviewing, with more adherence to guidelines for minimizing false confessions. However, some officers still reported using accusatorial tactics, indicating that interviewing training in Belgium could benefit from more uniformity. By understanding the beliefs and practices of police officers, we can work towards developing effective interviewing techniques that protect the rights of suspects and promote justice.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties of New Azo Disperse Dyes Incorporating Quinazolinone-Pyrazolone Moieties and Their Applications for Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics
Authors: Ibrahim Seham A. , Selim Adel I. , Sakr Asmaa M. , Mahmoud Safia A. , Noser Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current study outlines a straightforward and efficient method for creating new quinazolinone disperse dyes based on pyrazolone moieties, starting with quinazolinone and a variety of substituted pyrazolone as couplers. The synthesized dyes were characterized using a variety of spectroscopic and analytical methods. The synthesized dyes' ultraviolet–visible spectra showed bands brought on by several molecular transitions. We investigated in detail the multifunctional characteristics such color representation, dyeing duration, concentration, pH, buildup, and fastness properties of the dyed samples. Fastness properties and colorimetric data showed satisfactory results, demonstrating the effectiveness of these dyes in dyeing polyester fabrics. A pH of 5 and a dyeing temperature of 130 °C were the ideal conditions for dyeing polyester fabrics. Additionally, an ultraviolet protection factor test was performed on the dyed fabrics, and the results showed that these dyes provide the best UV protection. These dyes are suitable for industrial dyeing applications since they are easy to manufacture and scale up. Additionally, in-vitro testing was done to determine the dyes' antibacterial effectiveness against various bacteria and fungi. The antibacterial activity of the dyes was moderate to very good against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi.
Does household’s food and nutrient acquisition capacity predict linear growth in children? Analysis of longitudinal data from rural and small towns in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Daniel Ayalew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNutritious foods are unaffordable to the majority of households in lower-income countries. Hence, starchy staples tend to be the main source of diets for men, women, and children, implying poor diet quality and deficiency in key nutrients that are crucial for child’s physical growth and cognitive development. Much of existing studies on child linear growth or stunting examined the impact of current dietary consumption on physical growth even though the effect of diets and nutrition would only be observed with time lag. This study examined the associations between sustained consumption of animal sourced foods (ASFs) and adequate nutrient intakes (measured by the mean nutrient adequacy (MPA)) and linear growth differences among children in rural and small towns in Ethiopia. Using nationally representative longitudinal data, results of fixed effects estimations suggested that a standard deviation increase in the household MPA was associated with a 10–11% increase in the height-for-age z-score; and a 10% increase in the household MPA was associated with a 3.2 – 5.6% reduction in stunting rate in children 6–59 months of age. Results also indicated some associations between past ASFs consumption and current linear growth outcomes in younger children. The gap in the household MPA was over 41%, indicating the need for nutrient-dense ASFs in the household diets despite the sustainability concerns around ASFs. Key implication is that policies and interventions aimed at improving linear growth outcomes of children in rural and small towns in Ethiopia should improve household’s access to ASFs and nutrient acquisition capacity.
Production of Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Waste Cannabis sativa Biomass
Authors: Pérez Aguilar Juan Alejandro , Franco Jaime Martin , Otero Iván Darío , Benítez Benítez Ricardo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis works aims to evaluate a process to convert residual medical Cannabis sativa stalks into medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA), using chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain sugars as a carbon source for a fermentation process with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemical composition analysis revealed a content of structural polysaccharides of 57.64%. Thermochemical pretreatments with 2% sulfuric acid or 2% sodium hydroxide were capable of partially removing hemicellulose and lignin, as well as increasing cellulose crystallinity. Pretreated biomass was subjected to hydrolysis using commercial cellulase cocktails Celluclast® 1.5 L and Cellic® CTec3. Acid pretreatment showed an adverse effect on hydrolysis yield of holocellulose, decreasing to 39.5%; compared to 44.4% of untreated biomass. Alkaline pretreatment increased degree of hydrolysis up to 73.3%. Shake flask fermentation of hydrolysate with Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced cell growth of 1.65 g/L and a mcl-PHA titer of 0.41 g/L. Extracted polymer presented characteristic FTIR bands for PHAs, glass transition temperature of − 50.8 °C, melting temperature of 48.9 °C, possibly allowing its use in the biomedical industry. The developed process represents a potential way to valorize Cannabis waste stalks, using alkaline pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis with Celluclast® 1.5 L and fermentation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further work should focus on improving yield of the obtained polyhydroxyalkanoate in fermentation, in order to improve industrial feasibility of the entire process and, in turn, increasing revenue of the medical Cannabis industry.
Graphical Abstract