bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positivity from Cosmological Correlators
Authors: Green Daniel , Huang Yiwen , Shen Chia-Hsien , Baumann Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Effective field theories in flat space and in anti-de Sitter space are constrained by causality and unitarity, often in the form of positivity bounds. Similar bounds have been harder to demonstrate in cosmological backgrounds, where the roles of unitarity and causality are more obscure. Fortunately, the expansion of the universe ensures that late-time cosmological correlators are effectively classical and the role of unitarity is played by classical statistical inequalities. For multi-field inflation, the resulting positivity constraints have long been known in terms of the Suyama-Yamaguchi inequality. In this paper, we demonstrate that similar statistical bounds imply nontrivial constraints for massive fields in the early universe. We show that any real anomalous dimensions for principal series fields in de Sitter space must be positive. We also derive a limit on the amplitude of particular oscillatory signals from inflation, including those arising in cosmological collider physics. Finally, we demonstrate that these constraints manifest themselves directly in the two-point statistics of matter and galaxies that will be measured in upcoming surveys.
“Zoology” of non-invertible duality defects: the view from class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
Authors: Antinucci Andrea , Copetti Christian , Galati Giovanni , Rizi Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study generalizations of the non-invertible duality defects present in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SU(N) SYM by studying theories with larger duality groups. We focus on 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories of class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
obtained by the dimensional reduction of the 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 0) theory of AN−1 type on a Riemann surface Σg without punctures. We discuss their non-invertible duality symmetries and provide two ways to compute their fusion algebra: either using discrete topological manipulations or a 5d TQFT description. We also introduce the concept of “rank” of a non-invertible duality symmetry and show how it can be used to (almost) completely fix the fusion algebra with little computational effort.
On p-Frobenius of Affine Semigroups
Authors: García Barroso Evelia R. , García-García Juan I. , Santana Sánchez Luis José , Vigneron-Tenorio Alberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the p-Frobenius vector of affine semigroups $$S\subset \mathbb {N}^q$$

S
⊂

N

q

. Defined with respect to a graded monomial order, the p-Frobenius vector represents the maximum element with at most p factorizations within S. We develop efficient algorithms for computing these vectors and analyze their behavior under the gluing operations with $$\mathbb {N}^q$$

N

q

.
Unearthing FLVCR1a: tracing the path to a vital cellular transporter
Authors: Fiorito Veronica , Tolosano Emanuela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor 1a (FLVCR1a) is a member of the SLC49 Major Facilitator Superfamily of transporters. Initially recognized as the receptor for the retrovirus responsible of pure red cell aplasia in cats, nearly two decades since its discovery, FLVCR1a remains a puzzling transporter, with ongoing discussions regarding what it transports and how its expression is regulated. Nonetheless, despite this, the substantial body of evidence accumulated over the years has provided insights into several critical processes in which this transporter plays a complex role, and the health implications stemming from its malfunction. The present review intends to offer a comprehensive overview and a critical analysis of the existing literature on FLVCR1a, with the goal of emphasising the vital importance of this transporter for the organism and elucidating the interconnections among the various functions attributed to this transporter.
A Sharp Version of the Benjamin and Lighthill Conjecture for Steady Waves with Vorticity
Authors: Lokharu Evgeniy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe give a complete proof of the classical Benjamin and Lighthill conjecture for arbitrary two-dimensional steady water waves with vorticity. We show that the flow force constant of an arbitrary smooth solution is bounded by the flow force constants for the corresponding conjugate laminar flows. We prove these inequalities without any assumptions on the geometry of the surface profile and put no restrictions on the wave amplitude. Furthermore, we give a complete description of all cases when the equalities can occur. In particular, that excludes the existence of one-sided bores and multi-hump solitary waves. Our conclusions are new already for Stokes waves with a constant vorticity, while the case of equalities is new even in the classical setting of irrotational waves.
On the Number of Eigenvalues of the Dirac Operator in a Bounded Interval
Authors: Holt Jason , Safronov Oleg 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Let

$$H_0$$

H
0

be the free Dirac operator and

$$V \geqslant 0$$

V
⩾
0

be a positive potential. We study the discrete spectrum of

$$H(\alpha )=H_0-\alpha V$$

H

(
α
)

=

H
0

-
α
V

in the interval

$$(-1,1)$$

(
-
1
,
1
)

for large values of the coupling constant

$$\alpha >0$$

α
>
0

. In particular, we obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of eigenvalues of

$$H(\alpha )$$

H
(
α
)

situated in a bounded interval

$$[\lambda ,\mu )$$

[
λ
,
μ
)

as

$$\alpha \rightarrow \infty $$

α
→
∞

.
Multi-person 3D pose estimation from unlabelled data
Authors: Rodriguez-Criado Daniel , Bachiller-Burgos Pilar , Vogiatzis George , Manso Luis J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIts numerous applications make multi-human 3D pose estimation a remarkably impactful area of research. Nevertheless, it presents several challenges, especially when approached using multiple views and regular RGB cameras as the only input. First, each person must be uniquely identified in the different views. Secondly, it must be robust to noise, partial occlusions, and views where a person may not be detected. Thirdly, many pose estimation approaches rely on environment-specific annotated datasets that are frequently prohibitively expensive and/or require specialised hardware. Specifically, this is the first multi-camera, multi-person data-driven approach that does not require an annotated dataset. In this work, we address these three challenges with the help of self-supervised learning. In particular, we present a three-staged pipeline and a rigorous evaluation providing evidence that our approach performs faster than other state-of-the-art algorithms, with comparable accuracy, and most importantly, does not require annotated datasets. The pipeline is composed of a 2D skeleton detection step, followed by a Graph Neural Network to estimate cross-view correspondences of the people in the scenario, and a Multi-Layer Perceptron that transforms the 2D information into 3D pose estimations. Our proposal comprises the last two steps, and it is compatible with any 2D skeleton detector as input. These two models are trained in a self-supervised manner, thus avoiding the need for datasets annotated with 3D ground-truth poses.
Unraveling the main issues of direct sample printing and sample cutting from a sheet of tensile test samples for characterization of Material Extrusion components
Authors: Lambiase Francesco , Scipioni Silvia Ilaria , Pace Francesco , Paoletti Alfonso 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the influence of varied sample manufacturing strategies on the mechanical properties of Material Extrusion (MatExt) Additive Manufacturing components. Two procedures were investigated: direct sample printing and sample cutting from a sheet. The thickness of the samples was also varied to determine possible differences in the measurements performed. Through a comprehensive analysis involving mechanical testing, optical microscopy, and IR thermography during deposition, the study revealed significant implications of the manufacturing strategy on the thermal history and polymer chain entanglement. The results indicated that Young’s modulus and the tensile strength produced through direct printing differed from that measured on the samples made through sample cutting. At the same time, the elongation at rupture was less influenced by the manufacturing strategy. The sample thickness also influenced the fracture strength; the thicker samples were characterized by a strength of 27.9 MPa, which was higher by 23% than that of the extracted samples.The observed differences in mechanical behavior underscore the critical role of sample manufacturing strategy in determining the final mechanical properties of upright samples. Results shed light on the complex interplay between manufacturing protocols and component performance in MatExt applications.
Impact of product family complexity on process performance in electronic component assembly
Authors: Puttero Stefano , Verna Elisa , Genta Gianfranco , Galetto Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the advent of Industry 4.0 and the impending shift towards Industry 5.0, the integration of human–robot collaboration (HRC) into production systems has become increasingly widespread. This paradigm shift leverages collaborative robots, or cobots, to mitigate physical and mental strain on human workers, thereby increasing productivity and improving overall quality performance. This paper investigates the interplay of productivity and quality factors with assembly complexity in both manual and collaborative assembly systems. The focus is placed on a product family of electronic boards, with varying levels of assembly complexity, to provide a comprehensive comparison between manual assembly and two different collaborative assembly scenarios. Key performance metrics such as assembly time and total defects are evaluated. This case study, rooted in the electronics industry, seeks to provide a valuable perspective on how assembly complexity influences productivity and quality in product family assembly systems. The results of this study aim to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the implementation of HRC in manufacturing, facilitate informed decision-making and encourage further advances in this rapidly evolving field.
Human metabolism of four synthetic benzimidazole opioids: isotonitazene, metonitazene, etodesnitazene, and metodesnitazene
Authors: Taoussi Omayema , Berardinelli Diletta , Zaami Simona , Tavoletta Francesco , Basile Giuseppe , Kronstrand Robert , Auwärter Volker , Busardò Francesco P. , Carlier Jeremy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFollowing isotonitazene scheduling in 2019, the availability of alternative 2-benzylbenzimidazole opioids (nitazenes) on the global drug market increased, resulting in many fatalities worldwide. Nitazenes are potent µ-opioid receptor agonists with strong narcotic/analgesic effects, and their concentrations in biological matrices are low, making the detection of metabolite biomarkers of consumption crucial to document use in clinical and forensic settings. However, there is little to no data on the metabolism of the most recently available nitazenes, especially desnitro-analogues. The aim of the research was to assess isotonitazene, metonitazene, etodesnitazene, and metodesnitazene human metabolism and identify specific metabolite biomarkers of consumption. The four analogues were incubated with 10-donor-pooled human hepatocytes, and the incubates were analyzed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and data mining with Compound Discoverer (Thermo Scientific); the analysis was supported by in silico metabolite predictions with GLORYx open-access software. Metabolites were identified in postmortem blood and/or urine samples from two metonitazene-positive and three etodesnitazene-positive cases following the same workflow, with and without glucuronide hydrolysis in urine, to confirm in vitro results. Twelve, nine, twenty-two, and ten metabolites were identified for isotonitazene, metonitazene, etodesnitazene, and metodesnitazene, respectively. The main transformations were N-deethylation at the N,N-diethylethanamine side chain, O-dealkylation, and further O-glucuronidation. In vitro and autopsy results were consistent, demonstrating the efficacy of the 10-donor-pooled human hepatocyte model to predict human metabolism. We suggest the parent and the corresponding O-dealkyl- and N-deethyl-O-dealkyl metabolites as biomarkers of exposure in urine after glucuronide hydrolysis, and the corresponding N-deethyl metabolite as additional biomarker in blood.
Mathematical Foundations of the Non-Hermitian Skin Effect
Authors: Ammari Habib , Barandun Silvio , Cao Jinghao , Davies Bryn , Hiltunen Erik Orvehed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study the skin effect in a one-dimensional system of finitely many subwavelength resonators with a non-Hermitian imaginary gauge potential. Using Toeplitz matrix theory, we prove the condensation of bulk eigenmodes at one of the edges of the system. By introducing a generalised (complex) Brillouin zone, we can compute spectral bands of the associated infinitely periodic structure and prove that this is the limit of the spectra of the finite structures with arbitrarily large size. Finally, we contrast the non-Hermitian systems with imaginary gauge potentials considered here with systems where the non-Hermiticity arises due to complex material parameters, showing that the two systems are fundamentally distinct.
Assessment of monoclonal antibody glycosylation: a comparative study using HRMS, NMR, and HILIC-FLD
Authors: Shipman Joshua , Karfunkle Michael , Zhu Hongbin , Zhuo You , Chen Kang , Patabandige Milani , Wu Di , Oyugi Mercy , Kerr Richard , Yang Kui , Rogstad Sarah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent the largest class of therapeutic protein drug products. mAb glycosylation produces a heterogeneous, analytically challenging distribution of glycoforms that typically should be adequately characterized because glycosylation-based product quality attributes (PQAs) can impact product quality, immunogenicity, and efficacy. In this study, two products were compared using a panel of analytical methods. Two high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) workflows were used to analyze N-glycans, while nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to generate monosaccharide fingerprints. These state-of-the-art techniques were compared to conventional analysis using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled with fluorescence detection (FLD). The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed along with a comparison of the identified glycan distributions. The results demonstrated agreement across all methods for major glycoforms, demonstrating how confidence in glycan characterization is increased by combining orthogonal analytical methodologies. The full panel of methods used represents a diverse toolbox that can be selected from based on the needs for a specific product or analysis.
Graphical Abstract
Unveiling the transformations in phytochemicals and grape features: a thorough examination of 'Italia' and 'Bronx Seedless' cultivars throughout multiple berry development stages
Authors: Kaya Ozkan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the physical and phytochemical characteristics of grape cultivars across different berry development stages is crucial for optimizing grape production and quality in the agricultural and viticultural industries. The study, therefore, investigated the physical characteristics and phytochemical composition of 'Italia' and 'Bronx Seedless' grape cultivars harvested across six distinct periods. In grape cultivars displayed an intriguing journey in terms of resveratrol, ranging from 5.96 mg/kg in Period I to 11.59 mg/kg in Period VI. These vital compounds known for contributing to grape color and potential health benefits showed substantial variation across the grape cultivars and harvest periods. In addition, significant variations in phytochemical compositions were observed between 'Italia' and 'Bronx Seedless' grape cultivars, with 'Italia' generally exhibiting higher concentrations of key compounds such as resveratrol, pterostilbene, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids. The longitudinal analysis across six berry developmental periods highlighted a progressive increase in the concentrations of these phytochemicals in cultivar, indicating a dynamic evolution of grape biochemistry over time. Particularly, delphinidin-3-O-glycoside, cyanidin-3-O-glycoside, and petunidin-3-O-glycoside showed marked increases, indicating significant growth in anthocyanin content from Period I to Period VI. Utilizing PCA biplots and a hierarchical clustering heatmap, the study visually represented the relationships and variances among various phytochemical components. The insights revealed how certain compounds clustered together, suggesting similarities and dissimilarities. The positioning of compounds on these plots indicated their significance in characterizing grape cultivars and their maturation over time. In summary, the data underlined the strong influence of berry development time on phytochemical composition, emphasizing the importance of strategic grape harvesting to attain desired phytochemical profiles for wine or other grape products. The findings provide valuable insights for grape growers, winemakers, and researchers aiming to exploit the full potential of these compounds in grape-based products and for those interested in understanding the dynamics of grape phytochemistry.
Proof-of-concept for a novel nanotechnology-based treatment for urolithiasis
Authors: Houlihan Ian , Kang Benjamin , Krishna Vijay , De Smita 
Published: April 2024

Abstract Proof-of-concept of photonic lithotripsy in an in vitro setting and its ability to fragment the most common stone types is demonstrated. Effectiveness of different classes of photonic nanoparticles in fragmenting human stones is assessed. De-identified human stones were collected after institutional approval. Stones of a size range between 2–4 mm were rehydrated in simulated urine for 24 h. Stones were then coated with a solution of nanoparticles prior to activation with either a 785 nm or 1320 nm near-infrared energy source. Photonic lithotripsy achieved greater than 70% success rate in fragmentating calcium oxalate monohydrate stones using carbon-based nanoparticles for both near-infrared wavelengths. For gold-based nanoparticles, there was a similar success rate with the 785 nm wavelength but a significant decrease when using the 1320 nm wavelength energy source. All stones fragmented with the energy source at a distance ≥ 20 mm from the stone’s surface. Limitations include the use of mixed-composition stones, a lack of complete stone immersion in liquid during treatment, and smaller stone size. Different classes of nanoparticles when excited with a near-infrared energy source can fragment common stone types in vitro. This technology has the potential to change the way we approach and treat patients with urolithiasis in a clinical setting.
Associations between the rumen microbiota and carcass merit and meat quality in beef cattle
Authors: Holman Devin B. , Gzyl Katherine E. , Scott Haley ,   Cara Service, Prieto Nuria , López-Campos Óscar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The rumen microbiota is important for energy and nutrient acquisition in cattle, and therefore its composition may also affect carcass merit and meat quality attributes. In this study, we examined the associations between archaeal and bacterial taxa in the rumen microbiota of beef cattle and 12 different attributes, including hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, ribeye area (REA), intramuscular fat content, marbling score, fat thickness, yield grade, moisture content, purge loss, and shear force. There were significant correlations between the relative abundance of certain archaeal and bacterial genera and these attributes. Notably, Selenomonas spp. were positively correlated with live weight and HCW, while also being negatively correlated with purge loss. Members of the Christensenellaceae R-7, Moryella, and Prevotella genera exhibited positive and significant correlations with various attributes, such as dressing percentage and intramuscular fat content. Ruminococcaceae UCG-001 was negatively correlated with live weight, HCW, and dressing percentage, while Acidaminococcus and Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001 were negatively correlated with intramuscular fat content, moisture content, and marbling score. Overall, our findings suggest that specific changes in the rumen microbiota could be a valuable tool to improve beef carcass merit and meat quality attributes. Additional research is required to better understand the relationship between the rumen microbiota and these attributes, with the potential to develop microbiome-targeted strategies for enhancing beef production.

Key points
• Certain rumen bacteria were associated with carcass merit and meat quality
• Moryella was positively correlated with intramuscular fat in beef carcasses
• Acidaminococcus spp. was negatively correlated with marbling and intramuscular fat
Effects of sporadic inclusion body myositis on skeletal muscle fibre type specific morphology and markers of regeneration and inflammation
Authors: Jensen Kasper Yde , Nielsen Jakob Lindberg , Aagaard Per , Jacobsen Mikkel , Jørgensen Anders Nørkær , Bech Rune Dueholm , Frandsen Ulrik , Diederichsen Louise Pyndt , Schrøder Henrik Daa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is a subgroup of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies characterised by progressive muscle weakness and skeletal muscle inflammation. Quantitative data on the myofibre morphology in sIBM remains scarce. Further, no previous study has examined fibre type association of satellite cells (SC), myonuclei number, macrophages, capillaries, and myonuclear domain (MD) in sIBM patients. Muscle biopsies from sIBM patients (n = 18) obtained previously (NCT02317094) were included in the analysis for fibre type-specific myofibre cross-sectional area (mCSA), SCs, myonuclei and macrophages, myonuclear domain, and capillarisation. mCSA (p < 0.001), peripheral myonuclei (p < 0.001) and MD (p = 0.005) were higher in association with type 1 (slow-twitch) than type 2 (fast-twitch) fibres. Conversely, quiescent SCs (p < 0.001), centrally placed myonuclei (p = 0.03), M1 macrophages (p < 0.002), M2 macrophages (p = 0.013) and capillaries (p < 0.001) were higher at type 2 fibres compared to type 1 fibres. In contrast, proliferating (Pax7+/Ki67+) SCs (p = 0.68) were similarly associated with each fibre type. Type 2 myofibres of late-phase sIBM patients showed marked signs of muscle atrophy (i.e. reduced mCSA) accompanied by higher numbers of associated quiescent SCs, centrally placed myonuclei, macrophages and capillaries compared to type 1 fibres. In contrast, type 1 fibres were suffering from pathological enlargement with larger MDs as well as fewer nuclei and capillaries per area when compared with type 2 fibres. More research is needed to examine to which extent different therapeutic interventions including targeted exercise might alleviate these fibre type-specific characteristics and countermeasure their consequences in impaired functional performance.