bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toughening of polyamide 6 with a maleic anhydride functionalized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer
Authors: Xu X. Y. , Sun S. L. , Chen Z. C. , Zhang H. X. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMaleic anhydride functionalized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS‐g‐MA) copolymers were prepared via an emulsion polymerization process. The ABS‐g‐MA copolymers were used to toughen polyamide 6 (PA‐6). Fourier transform infrared results show that the maleic anhydride (MA) grafted onto the polybutadiene phase of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). Rheological testing identified chemical reactions between PA‐6 and ABS‐g‐MA. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy displayed the compatibilization reactions between MA of ABS‐g‐MA and the amine and/or amide groups of PA‐6 chain ends, which improved the disperse morphology of the ABS‐g‐MA copolymers in the PA‐6 matrix. The blends compatibilized with ABS‐g‐MA exhibited notched impact strengths of more than 900 J/m. A 1 wt % concentration of MA in ABS‐g‐MA appeared sufficient to improve the impact properties and decreased the brittle–ductile transition temperature from 50 to 10°C. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the shear yielding of the PA‐6 matrix was the major toughening mechanism. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Thermoplastic elastomers based on epoxidized natural rubber and high‐density polyethylene blends: Effect of blend compatibilizers on the mechanical and morphological properties
Authors: Nakason Charoen , Jarnthong Methakarn , Kaesaman Azizon , Kiatkamjornwong Suda 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEpoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with a level of epoxide groups of 20 mol % was prepared via the performic epoxidation method. It was then used to blend with high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) at various blend ratios. Three types of blend compatibilizers were prepared. These included a graft copolymer of HDPE and maleic anhydride (MA; i.e., HDPE‐g‐MA) and two types of phenolic modified HDPEs using phenolic resins SP‐1045 and HRJ‐10518 (i.e., PhSP‐PE and PhHRJ‐PE), respectively. We found that the blend with compatibilizer exhibited superior tensile strength, hardness, and set properties to that of the blend without compatibilizer. The ENR and HDPE interaction via the link of compatibilizer molecules was the polar functional groups of the compatibilizer with the oxirane groups in the ENR molecules. Also, another end of the compatibilizer molecules (i.e., HDPE segments) was compatibilizing with the HDPE molecules in the blend components. The blend with compatibilizer also showed smaller phase morphology than the blend without compatibilizer. Among the three types of the blend compatibilizer, HDPE‐g‐MA provided the blend with the greatest strength and hardness properties but the lowest set properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of α‐butyl‐ω‐N,N‐dihydroxyethylaminopropylpolydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Yu Yitao , Zhang Qingsi , Zhang Meng , Sun Haifeng 
Published: May 2008

Abstractα‐Butyl‐ω‐N,N‐dihydroxyethylaminopropylpolydimethylsiloxane, a monotelechelic polydimethylsiloxane with a diol‐end group, which is used to prepare polyurethane–polysiloxane graft polymer, was successfully synthesized. The preparation included five steps, which are hydroxyl protection, alkylation, anionic ring‐opening polymerization, hydrosilylation, and deprotection. The products were characterized by FTIR, GC, LC‐MS, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The results showed that each step was successfully carried out and the targeted products were synthesized in all cases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis, characterization, and kinetics study of thermal decomposition of epoxidized soybean oil acrylate
Authors: Behera D. , Banthia A. K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of epoxidized soybean oil acrylate (ESOA) from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) had been carried out by reacting acrylic acid with the oxirane group in ESO. The acrylated ESO products were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques. The oxygen value, iodine value, and acid value were obtained to know the amount of unsaturation in the synthesized product. Infrared and proton NMR spectra were carried out to confirm the participation of oxirane group in the acrylation reaction. Free‐radical initiators, benzoyl peroxide and tertiary butyl peroxy benzoate, were used for the curing of ESOA resin. Thermal decomposition kinetics of ESOA was studied by the methods of Ozawa, Kissinger, and Horowitz‐Metzger, and the kinetic parameters were compared. The thermal decomposition data of the cured ESOA resin was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates. TG curves showed that the thermal decomposition of the ESOA system occurred in one stage. The apparent activation energies determined by the Ozawa, Kissinger, and Horowitz‐Metzger methods are 122.69, 95.347, and 126.20 kJ/mol, respectively. The results show that there was a reasonably good agreement between the calculated activation energies for stage one in the above methods. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Unforseen factors influencing Fe(III)‐containing cations sorption on strongly basic anion exchangers
Authors: Gutsanu Vasile , Schitco Cristina , Drutsa Raisa 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe sorption and partial destruction of the Fe(III)‐containing compounds in the aqueous medium in strongly basic anion exchangers AV‐17 and Varion‐AD phase have been investigated. It is shown that partial destruction of the Fe (III) compounds in acidulated water (pH = 2) and in K2SO4, Fe2(SO4)3 solutions takes place. With increasing of temperature up to 50°C, the desorption degree of the iron ions from polymer phase decreases. In dried polymer, the structural and electronic state of iron compounds, according to their magnetic susceptibility, remains stable for a long time. The sorption of the Fe(III)‐containing cations at 50°C during 12 h depends essentially on the sizes of polymer granules. Sorption increases with growing of polymer granules. For comparison of sorptional capacities, the sorption of Fe(III)‐containing cations was determined on different cation and anion exchangers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of fluoropolymers with intrinsic microporosity and their hydrogen adsorption studies
Authors: Makhseed Saad , Samuel Jacob , Bumajdad Ali , Hassan Mohammed 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMicroporous polymers with rigid organic architecture offer a wide range of efficient on board hydrogen storage at low temperature. The fluoropolymers with intrinsic microporosity (MP1 and MP2) were synthesized and characterized. Characterization technique such as high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that the highly stable microporous structure of MP2 was composed of nanoporous frame work which was further supported by the computational study. The high surface area and microporosity of the polymers were estimated by measuring the N2 gas adsorption. The MP1 and MP2 exhibit BET surface areas 666 and 1050 m2/g respectively. The micropore size distribution curves show a higher concentration of subnanometer pores. The hydrogen storage capacity of the prepared polymers are promising and the performance relative to other microporous polymers is comparable. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Enhancing the electroluminescence performances of blue polymer light emitting devices via carriers transporting materials incorporation
Authors: Lee Rong‐Ho , Hsu Hsin‐Fang , Chan Li‐Hsin , Chen Chin‐Ti 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA series of polymer light emitting devices (PLEDs) based on the composite films of N‐arylbenzimidazoles trimer (TPBI), poly (n‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK), and a triarylaminooxadiazole‐containing tetraphenylsilane light emitting polymer (PTOA) were investigated. Electroluminescence (EL) performance is enhanced with doped TPBI into the light‐emitting layer for the PTOA‐based devices. A deep blue emission (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIEx,y) corodinates (0.16,0.06)) is obtained for the TPBI‐PTOA‐based device. Brightness and current efficiency of the TPBI‐PTOA‐based device can be as high as 961 cd/m2 and 1.85 cd/A, respectively. The EL performances of TPBI‐PTOA composite film‐based devices are further enhanced by inserting a TPBI layer into the light emitting layer and cathode interface for a better electron and hole charge balance. Doping TPBI into the light‐emitting layer of PVK‐PTOA is not favorable for enhanced EL performances. Brightness and current efficiency reduced with increasing TPBI content for the TPBI‐PVK‐PTOA‐based devices. Similar results are obtained for devices based on the TPBI‐PVK‐PTOA/TPBI bi‐layer composite solid film. Morphology and charge balance effects on EL performances of TPBI‐PTOA and TPBI‐PVK‐PTOA composite films based PLEDs are discussed in detail. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Amorphous copolyesters based on 1,3/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol: Synthesis, characterization and properties
Authors: Tsai Yuhsin , Fan Cheng‐Hsing , Hung Chi‐Yuan , Tsai Fuu‐Jen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTwo series of amorphous copolyesters, PETGN and PETGS, were synthesized by the copolymerization of 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDA) (0–40%), succinic acid (SA) (0–40%), 1,3/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (1,3/1,4‐CHDM) (10–50%), ethylene glycol (EG), and terephthalic acid (TPA). The compositions and molecular weights of the copolyesters were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and viscometry, respectively. The thermal behaviors were studied over the entire range of copolymer compositions, using DSC and TGA. The optical characteristics, heat‐shrinkable effects and tensile properties of these polymers were also determined. Experimental results indicated that the thermal, optical, tensile, and shrinkage properties of PETGN and PETGS were functions of NDA or SA content. DSC and X‐ray analysis demonstrated that both PETGN and PETGS series were amorphous. Incorporating NDA and SA influenced the Tg values of those polymers, from about 37°C for PETG30S40 to 89°C for PETG30N40. Furthermore, the shrinkage of these amorphous copolyesters was more than 40% when the heating temperature was higher than the corresponding Tg. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Ontology‐based evaluation of organizational memory
Authors: Weinberger Hadas , Te'eni Dov , Frank Ariel J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this article we offer a new approach to evaluating Organizational Memory (OM). Our proposed evaluation methodology, named KnowledgeEco, is based on an ontology for the domain of OM. Its key steps are: 1) mapping the OM in the evaluated organization onto the ontology concepts; 2) noting which entities from the ontology are missing in the OM; and 3) applying a series of rules that help assess the impact of the OM on organizational learning. This systematic evaluation thus helps to propose ways to improve the evaluated OM.We present three case studies that demonstrate the feasibility of KnowledgeEco for evaluating OM and for suggesting improvements. We also identify some weaknesses in the OMs common to the three organizations cited in the case studies. Finally, we discuss how the KnowledgeEco ontology‐based methodology establishes utility and contributes to further research in the field of OM.
Co‐word analysis using the Chinese character set
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Zhou Ping 
Published: May 2008

AbstractUntil recently, Chinese texts could not be studied using co‐word analysis because the words are not separated by spaces in Chinese (and Japanese). A word can be composed of one or more characters. The online availability of programs that separate Chinese texts makes it possible to analyze them using semantic maps. Chinese characters contain not only information but also meaning. This may enhance the readability of semantic maps. In this study, we analyze 58 words which occur 10 or more times in the 1,652 journal titles of the China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations Database. The word‐occurrence matrix is visualized and factor‐analyzed.
Novel Ascorbic Acid Based Ionic Liquids for the In Situ Synthesis of Quasi‐Spherical and Anisotropic Gold Nanostructures in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Dinda Enakshi , Si Satyabrata , Kotal Atanu , Mandal Tarun K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA series of newly designed ascorbic acid based room temperature ionic liquids were successfully used to prepare quasi‐spherical and anisotropic gold nanostructures in an aqueous medium at ambient temperature. The synthesis of these room temperature ionic liquids involves, first, the preparation of a 1‐alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, and decyl) derivative of 3‐methylimidazolium hydroxide followed by the neutralization of the derivatised product with ascorbic acid. These ionic liquids show significantly better thermal stability and their glass transition temperature (Tg) decreases with increasing alkyl chain length. The ascorbate counter anion of these ionic liquids acts as a reducing agent for HAuCl4 to produce metallic gold and the alkylated imidazolium counter cation acts as a capping/shape‐directing agent. It has been found that the nature of the ionic liquids and the mole ratio of ionic liquid to HAuCl4 has a significant effect on the morphology of the formed gold nanostructures. If an equimolar mixture of ionic liquid and HAuCl4 is used, predominantly anisotropic gold nanostructures are formed and by varying the alkyl chain length attached to imidazolium cation of the ionic liquids, various particle morphologies can formed, such as quasispherical, raspberry‐like, flakes or dendritic. A probable formation mechanism for such anisotropic gold nanostructures has been proposed, which is based on the results of some control experiments.
The Synthesis of Di(aminoguanidine) 5‐Nitroiminotetrazolate: Some Diprotic or Monoprotic Acids as Precursors of Energetic Salts
Authors: Gao Haixiang , Huang Yangen , Ye Chengfeng , Twamley Brendan , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSyntheses of salts with 4,6‐bis(nitroimino)‐1,3,5‐triazinan‐2‐one (DNAM), 3,5‐dinitro‐1,2,4‐cyclopentanetrione (DDCP), 3‐nitroiminotriazolate, and 5‐nitroiminotetrazolate as anions yielded moderately dense nitro‐containing energetic salts that are thermally stable to >200 °C (measured by thermogravimetric analysis). Di(aminoguanidine) 5‐nitroiminotetrazolate (8) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with an essentially planar 5‐nitroiminotetrazolate dianion. Based on experimental and calculated densities, and theoretical calculations carried out by using the Gaussian 03 suite of programs, all of the salts have calculated detonation pressures and velocities that exceed those of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and a few have values that approach those of triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB).
Enhanced Iodide Sequestration by 3‐Biphenyl‐5,6‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole in Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS)‐Expressing Cells
Authors: Lecat‐Guillet Nathalie , Ambroise Yves 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe ability of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) to take up iodide has long provided the basis for cytoreductive gene therapy and cancer treatment with radioiodide. One of the major limitations of this approach is that radioiodide retention in NIS‐expressing cells is not sufficient for their destruction. We identified and characterized a small organic molecule capable of increasing iodide retention in HEK293 cells permanently transfected with human NIS cDNA (hNIS‐HEK293) and in the rat thyroid‐derived cell line FRTL‐5. In the presence of 3‐biphenyl‐4′‐yl‐5,6‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole (ISA1), the transmembrane iodide concentration gradient was increased up to 4.5‐fold. Our experiments indicate that the imidazothiazole derivative acts either by inhibiting anion efflux mechanisms, or by promoting the relocation of iodide into subcellular compartments. This new compound is not only an attractive chemical tool to investigate the mechanisms of iodide flux at the cellular level, but also opens promising perspectives in the treatment of cancer after NIS gene transfer.
Characteristics of the original patient navigation programs to reduce disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Vargas Roberto B. , Ryan Gery W. , Jackson Catherine A. , Rodriguez Rian , Freeman Harold P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Patient navigation is an intervention developed to reduce disparities in cancer care that is being widely replicated and receiving considerable support for demonstration projects and research to test its effectiveness. In the current study, the authors present an in‐depth descriptive analysis of the original patient navigation programs to inform current and future program development.METHODS.A qualitative multistakeholder case study using interviews and site visits of the first patient navigation site and 2 sites subsequently developed by the leadership of the original site were evaluated.RESULTS.At these sites, patient navigation is a system, as opposed to a person, comprised primarily of navigators and directors that work together to remove barriers and facilitate access in a well‐defined course of care; navigators were from the community or were culturally similar to the patient population served but were also paid employees of the clinical care site with detailed knowledge of the clinical course patients must traverse to complete care plans. Directors had administrative authority over the clinical facility and social capital across institutions, and communicated regularly and openly with navigators to implement system level changes to remove barriers to care. Contextual factors such as policies supporting breast cancer care also influenced the implementation of these programs.CONCLUSIONS.The first patient navigation programs combined community and culturally sensitive care‐coordination with aspects of disease management programs to reduce racial, ethnic, and poverty‐driven disparities in care. Future efforts to replicate and evaluate patient navigation should take into account these unique aspects of the original patient navigation programs. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Randomized comparison of cladribine alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide, and cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone in previously untreated low‐grade B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients
Authors: Kalinka‐Warzocha Ewa , Wajs Jaroslaw , Lech‐Maranda Ewa , Ceglarek Bernadetta , Holowiecki Jerzy , Federowicz Irena , Walewski Jan , Czyz Jaroslaw , Robak Tadeusz , Warzocha Krzysztof ,   the Polish Lymphoma Research Group
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of 3 regimens, cladribine alone, cladribine and cyclophosphamide combination, or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone combination in previously untreated patients with low‐grade B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (LGNHL).METHODS.For this 3‐arm, phase 3 study, 197 patients were randomly allocated to receive 6 monthly courses of cladribine alone, cladribine and cyclophosphamide combination, or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone combination. Patients for whom all clinical data were available and 162 patients who completed scheduled chemotherapy were analyzed for the endpoints of this study.RESULTS.Compared with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone combination regimen, cladribine alone or cladribine and cyclophosphamide combination induced higher probability of overall response (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–9,3; P = .002, and OR = 8.5; 95% CI, 3.2–22.7; P < .0001, respectively), complete remission (OR = 5.8; 95% CI, 1.8–18.5; P = .003; and OR = 14; 95% CI, 4.4–44; P < .0001, respectively), progression‐free survival (log‐rank test P < .0001), but not overall survival. After incorporating the International Prognostic Index in multivariate analysis, treatment with cladribine‐containing regimens remained an independent prognostic factor for progression‐free survival (χ2 = 35.94; hazard ratio = 2.38; P < .0002). Incidences of infections were similar in the randomized groups, whereas cladribine and cyclophosphamide combination, but not cladribine alone, induced more frequent neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia compared with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone combination (P < .05 for each). This resulted in a higher frequency of prolongation of intervals between cladribine and cyclophosphamide combination and cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone combination cycles (P < .05), but dose reductions due to hematological or other toxicity did not differ significantly in cladribine alone, cladribine and cyclophosphamide combination, and cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone combination groups.CONCLUSIONS.For patients with LGNHL, first‐line cladribine alone or cladribine and cyclophosphamide combination regimens both provided similar treatment responses, acceptable toxicity, and better response rates than cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone combination. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Fast multidimensional nearest neighbor search algorithm using priority queue
Authors: Ajioka Shiro , Tsuge Satoru , Shishibori Masami , Kita Kenji 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNearest neighbor search in high‐dimensional spaces is an interesting and important problem which is relevant for a wide variety of applications, including multimedia information retrieval, data mining, and pattern recognition. For such applications, the curse of high dimensionality tends to be a major obstacle in the development of efficient search methods. This paper addresses the problem of designing an efficient algorithm for high‐dimensional nearest neighbor search using a priority queue. The proposed algorithm is based on a simple linear search algorithm and eliminates unnecessary arithmetic operations from distance computations between multidimensional vectors. Moreover, we propose two techniques, a dimensional sorting method and a PCA‐based method, to accelerate multidimensional search. Experimental results indicate that our scheme scales well even for a very large number of dimensions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(3): 69–77, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20502
Location of partial discharge in air by detecting phase difference of electromagnetic waves
Authors: Kumazawa Takao , Hoshino Toshihiro , Fujii Shigeo , Maekawa Hiroshi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractElectromagnetic interference (EMI) due to partial discharges (PDs), which occur at the rubber coatings or the strain insulators of outdoor distribution systems, might cause poor television reception in neighboring housing. It is difficult to identify the EMI with a visual check because the PDs rarely generate light and sound.We investigate fundamental characteristics such as identifying the direction of a PD source using the time difference between two antennas, and an analog hardware system for calculating the direction from that time difference. The analog system is composed of IC devices such as a filter and a mixer, and also uses signal processing of intermediate frequency transforming. We confirm the validity of the relationship between the direction of a PD source and the time difference between two antennas, and also confirm the application of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter in the analog hardware system. We measure the pulse response of multiple devices, and estimate the linearity between the direction of a PD source and the outputs of multiple devices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(3): 27–34, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20540