bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and performance characteristics of a water‐based polyacrylate microemulsion for UHMWPE fiber adhesive coating
Authors: Lu Sheng‐Hua , Liang Guo‐Zheng , Wang Jie‐Liang , Ren Hui‐Jun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe water‐based polyacrylate microemulsion for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers adhesive coating was synthesized by the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA), and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) in the presence of a composite of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), OP‐10, and n‐octyl alcohol (NOA) as the emulsifier. The effects of the mass fraction of emulsifier and the reaction time on the properties of emulsion and its membrane were investigated. When m(BA) : m(MMA) : m(AA) : m(HEA) was 50 : 50 : 3 : 10 (wt ratio) and the mass fraction of emulsifier was 13 wt % and the reaction time was 3 h at 80°C, the latex particle diameter was 30 nm tested by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to characterize the chemical structure and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of microemulsion membrane. The application results showed that this microemulsion was an ideal adhesive coating for UHMWPE fibers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Effects of silicon additive as synergists of Mg(OH)2on the flammability of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
Authors: Huang Honghai , Tian Ming , Liu Li , He Zhenhai , Chen Zhongqiang , Zhang Liqun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe present work dealt with the effects of nine kinds of silicon additives on flame retardancy of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] composites, as well as mechanical properties. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, horizontal fire test, vertical fire test, and cone calorimeter test were employed to evaluate flame retardancy of the composites. It was found that different silicon additives had different synergistic effects with Mg(OH)2on flame retardancy of the EVA matrix and exerted different influences on mechanical properties of the composites. The incorporation of organic montmorillonite (MMT) clay or silicone rubber not only made the composite reach FH‐1 rating in the horizontal fire test and FV‐1 rating in the vertical fire test, respectively, but also dramatically reduced the peak rate of heat release (Peak RHR) and increased the fire performance index (FPI) and ignition time (IT). The composites filled with precipitated SiO2exhibited the longest IT, the highest FPI, and FV‐1 rating. However, only the composites filled with silicone rubber could attain a balance between mechanical properties and flame retardancy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Effect of cryomilling on the thermal behaviors of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Zhu Y. G. , Li Z. Q. , Zhang D. , Tanimoto T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have studied the effect of cryomilling (high‐energy ball milling under cryogenic temperature) on the thermal behaviors of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by comparing with original PET and quenched PET. Cryomilling induced the amorphization of crystalline PET, but the thermal behaviors of amorphous PET obtained from cryomilling are significantly different to those of amorphous PET obtained from quenching. Unlike amorphous PET obtained from quenching, the heating curve of amorphous PET obtained from cryomilling shows no cold crystallization peak, but evidences are found that its cold crystallization occurs within a wide temperature range. In addition, the stability of amorphous PET obtained from cryomilling is higher than that of amorphous PET obtained from quenching. The difference is proved to be attributed to the stored energy in cryomilled PET. The hot crystallization behaviors of PET improve a lot after cryomilling, and the heat stability of cryomilled PET is also better than those of original PET during reheating. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Surface characterization of low‐temperature cascade arc plasma–treated low‐density polyethylene using contact angle measurements
Authors: Gilliam M. A. , Yu Q. S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLow‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was treated with a low‐temperature cascade arc plasma torch (LTCAT) of argon with or without adding a reactive gas of oxygen or water vapor. The static sessile droplet method and the dynamic Wilhelmy balance method were employed to perform surface contact angle measurement in order to investigate and characterize the effects of LTCAT treatment on LDPE surfaces. These treatment effects included changes in surface wettability and surface stability and possible surface damage that would create low‐molecular‐weight oligomers on the treated surface. Experimental results indicated that the combination of static and dynamic surface contact angle measurements enabled a comprehensive investigation of these effects of plasma treatment on a polymer surface. Without the addition of a reactive gas, a 2‐s argon LTCAT treatment of LDPE resulted in a stable hydrophilic surface (with a water contact angle of 40°) and little surface damage. The addition of oxygen into argon LTCAT produced a less stable LDPE surface and showed more surface damage. Adding H2O vapor into argon LTCAT produced an extremely hydrophilic surface (with a water contact angle < 20°) of LDPE but with pronounced surface damage. When compared with conventional radio frequency (13.56 MHz) plasmas, LTCAT treatment provides a much more rapid, effective, and efficient method of surface modification of LDPE. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2528–2541, 2006
Effect of ultrasound on wettability between aramid fibers and epoxy resin
Authors: Liu L. , Huang Y. D. , Zhang Z. Q. , Yang X. B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGood wetting of reinforced fiber by resin was a main factor in the improvement of the interface adhesion of their composites. Ultrasound with a frequency of 20 kHz was used to improve the wettability between aramid fibers and epoxy resin during the winding process of the composites. The effects of ultrasound on the viscosity and surface tension of epoxy resin and on the surface characteristics of aramid fibers were investigated. The wettability of aramid fibers and treated epoxy resin under different conditions and of aramid fibers and epoxy resin under ultrasonic online treatment were compared. The results indicated that the main action of ultrasound was to force epoxy resin to impregnate aramid fibers, in addition to the influence of ultrasound on the properties of epoxy resin and aramid fibers. The results of microdebond testing showed that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of aramid/epoxy composites could be 26% higher than that of untreated composites because of the improved wettability between aramid fibers and epoxy resin subjected to ultrasonic online treatment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Interpenetrating polymer networks based on nitrile rubber and metal methacrylates
Authors: Samui A. B. , Dalvi V. G. , Chandrasekhar L. , Patri M. , Chakraborty B.C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInterpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on nitrile rubber (NBR) as first component and zinc dimethacrylate (ZnDMA), aluminum trimethacrylate (AlTMA), or zirconium tetramethacrylates (ZrTeMA) as second component were synthesized. Sequential IPNs (SeqIPN) were formed by two routes such as compression molding (CM) and swelling/curing (SC). The IPNs were found to have superior properties compared to metal oxide/hydroxide‐filled NBR. Tensile strength has increased to a large extent while maintaining appreciable elongation. Total crosslink density (covalent and ionic) was found to increase in the order NBR/metal oxide or hydroxide < SeqIPN(CM route) < SeqIPN (SC route). IPNs are found to retain high storage modulus even in the rubbery region. It is observed that change of technique for IPN formation has drastically changed the modulus of the present system. Decrease in tan δ value and inward shifting of peaks were observed because of IPN formation. Morphology of SeqIPN by SC process was found to be more uniform compared to others. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2542–2548, 2006
Morphology of pyrolysed polystyrene–isoprene–styrene and polystyrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymers
Authors: Sarwade B. D. , Sanghavi R. R. , Sarwade D. B. , Asthana S. N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe surface morphology of thermooxidative degraded polystyrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) and polystyrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) thermoplastic block copolymers was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Surface changes caused by heating the samples in a pyrolyzer for 15 and 30 min were presented in different micrographs. The morphological changes occurring due to the formation of polar groups and their crosslinking during the thermooxidative degradation are discussed. Morphological study of these thermally degraded polymer samples shows very good correlation with the thermodegradation results. The rate of thermodegradation is fast in case of SBS when compared with SIS block copolymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2549–2553, 2006
SEM studies of surfactant‐assisted micro‐mixing of melamine and wax particles
Authors: Karakatsanis Ekaterini , Focke Walter W. , Summers Gabriel J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe validity of the micro‐mixing phenomenon was investigated by mixing a melamine dispersion, stabilized by low molecular mass poly(acrylic acid) (∼5000 Daltons) and a wax emulsion, stabilized by an ethoxylated alkyl phenol surfactant. The wax particles were observed to be attached to the melamine surface because of the interaction between the poly(acrylic acid) dispersant and the ethoxylate group of the wax surfactant, resulting in the sedimentation of mixed particles. This phenomenon has potential application in the mixing of solid particles that require intimate contact and homogeneous mixing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2554–2557, 2006
Morphology of pyrolyzed polystyrene–isoprene–styrene and polystyrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymers
Authors: Sarwade B. D. , Sanghavi R. R. , Sarwade D. B. , Asthana S. N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe surface morphology of thermooxidative‐degraded polystyrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) and polystyrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) thermoplastic block copolymers were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Surface changes caused by heating the samples in a pyrolizer for 15 and 30 min were presented in different micrographs. The morphological changes occurring due to the formation of polar groups and their crossing linking during the thermooxidative degradation are discussed. Morphological study of these thermally degraded polymer samples show very good correlation with the thermodegradation results. The rate of thermodegradation is fast in case of SBS compared with SIS block copolymer. ©2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Polypropylene–clay blends compatibilized with MAH‐g‐POE
Authors: Zhong Weixia , Qiao Xiuying , Sun Kang , Zhang Guoding , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA series of new Polypropylene (PP)–clay blends, containing 5 wt % clay, were prepared by melt compounding with maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) (MAH‐g‐POE) as the compatibilizer by varying its content from 0 to 20 wt %. The effect of MAH‐g‐POE on the PP–clay miscibility was examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observation, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and rheological testing in sequence. The results showed that the addition of MAH‐g‐POE could improve the dispersion of clay layers in PP matrix and promoted the interaction between PP molecules and clay layers. At 10 wt % MAH‐g‐POE, the PP–clay blend exhibited a highest value of Tc,onset and Tg as well as a biggest melt storage modulus (G′), indicating the greatest PP–clay interaction. On the other hand, improved toughness and stiffness coexisted in blends with 5–10 wt % loading of MAH‐g‐POE. In view of SEM and DMTA observations, MAH‐g‐POE was well miscible with the PP matrix, even with the concentration up to 20 wt %. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2558–2564, 2006
Effects of activation time on the properties and structure of polyacrylonitrile‐based activated carbon hollow fiber
Authors: Sun Junfen , Wang Xiaqin , Wang Chaosheng , Wang Qingrui 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fibers were pretreated with ammonium dibasic phosphate, then further oxidized in air, carbonized in nitrogen, and activated with carbon dioxide. The effects of activation time of a precursor fiber on the microstructure, specific surface area, pore‐size distribution, and adsorption properties of PAN‐based activated carbon hollow fibers (PAN‐ACHF) were studied in this work. The BET surface area of PAN‐ACHF and surface area of mesopores gradually increase with activation time extending, and reach the maximum values, 780 and 180 m2 g−1, respectively, when fibers are activated at 800°C for 100 min. The adsorption ratio to creatinine changes little with activation time extending and all values over all activation time are above 90%. The adsorption ratio to VB12 gradually increases with activation time extending before 60 min, and then becomes relatively constant from 60 to 100 min. The number of pores on the surface of PAN‐ACHF increases with activation time extending. The amount of mesopores in PAN‐ACHF made of fibers activated for different time increases with activation time extending and the dominant pore sizes of mesopores in PAN‐ACHF range from 2 to 5 nm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2565–2569, 2006
Performance of natural‐fiber–plastic composites under stress for outdoor applications: Effect of moisture, temperature, and ultraviolet light exposure
Authors: Lopez J. L. , Sain M. , Cooper P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe effects of moisture, temperature, and ultraviolet (UV) light on performance of natural‐fiber–plastic composites (NFPC) were assessed. We conducted short‐term tests in the laboratory and long‐term tests under natural exposure and measured changes in mechanical properties and color in samples of the composite. Chemical changes of the composite's materials were measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanisms of chemical transformations on the material surface. Relative humidity highly affected the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE), and had a greater effect than temperature and UV exposure on performance of the composite. The lightness of the composite was increased by the UV effect in the short‐ and the long‐term tests. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that the composite was protected by the UV absorber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2570–2577, 2006
Novel preparation and properties of EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Liu BaoLei , Ding QingJun , He QiHui , Cai Jun , Hu BaiXing , Shen Jian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article reports on a novel route to develop ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM)/montmorillonite nanocomposites Modification of the MMT was carried out with maleic anhydride (MA), which acts as the intercalation agent for MMT and the vulcanizing agent for EPDM matrix, as well as the compatibilizer for the EPDM and MMT phases. The effect of MA‐modified MMT in nanocomposites was investigated by focusing on three major aspects: structural analysis, thermal properties, and material properties. The d‐spacings of both the MA modified MMT and exfoliated nanocomposites were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and the morphology of these nanocomposites was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dynamic mechanical analysis confirms the constraint effect of exfoliated MMT layers on EPDM chains, which benefited the increased storage modulus, increased glass transition temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that there is some enhancement in degradation behavior between the nanocomposites and EPDM matrix. The nanocomposites exhibit great improvement in tensile strength and modulus, as well as elongation‐at‐break. The effects of MA addition on the formation of nano‐metric reinforcement and on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2578–2585, 2006
One‐step synthesis of bis‐macromonomers of poly(1,3‐dioxolane) catalyzed by Maghnite‐H+
Authors: Reguieg Fatiha , Sahli Nabahat , Belbachir Mohamed , Lutz Pierre J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTelechelic poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDXL) bis‐macromonomers bearing methyl methacrylate end groups were prepared by cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane (DXL), in the presence of methacrylic anhydride, catalyzed by Maghnite‐H+ (Mag‐H+), in bulk and in solution. Maghnite is a montmorillonite sheet silicate clay, which exchanged with protons to produce Mag‐H+. The influence of the amount of Mag‐H+, monomer (DXL), and methacrylic anhydride on monomer conversion was studied. The polymerization yield and the molecular weight of α,ω‐bis‐unsaturated PDXLs prepared depend on the amount of Mag‐H+ used and the reaction time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Characteristics of polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by in‐situ polymerization with macroazoinitiator containing poly(dimethylsiloxane) segment
Authors: Jeong Han Mo , Choi Ji Suk , Ahn Young Tae , Kwon Kun Ho 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPolystyrene (PS)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ polymerization of styrene in the presence of organoclay with macroazoinitiator (MAI), composed of repeated sequences of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and azo groups. The X‐ray diffraction patterns and the morphology observed with a transmission electron microscope showed that the dispersion of organoclay in polymer matrix improved as the content of the PDMS segment in the nanocomposite increased. However, negative effects on the rise of glass transition temperatures and the thermal resistance of nanocomposite, measured by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry, at a high content of the PDMS segment, suggested that organoclay lay preferentially in the PDMS domain. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2841–2847, 2006
Alkaline treatment of cotton in different reagent mixtures with reduced water content. I. Influence of alkali type and additives
Authors: Ibanescu Constanta , Schimper Christian , Bechtold Thomas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of some swelling agents with reduced water content on final properties of cotton fabrics. A single‐step swelling of cotton in the reagent was used. There were selected properties generally used to characterize mercerized cotton that are technologically important, such as water retention, shrinkage, stiffness, crease recovery angle, and hand. Water retention method and dyeing with CI Direct Red 81 have been used to compare the degree of swelling for different samples. Correlations have been established between structural changes induced by the swelling agents and final properties of cotton fabric. The mixtures of an alkali solution and an additive produced similar or better end‐use properties as compared with classical sodium hydroxide or ammonia treatments, combining the action of a diluted alkali solution (3.13 mol/L NaOH or KOH) and a nonalkali reagent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2848–2855, 2006
Controlled release and absorption of cetylpyridinium chloride using polymer hydrogels
Authors: Densmore Crystal G. , Robison Thomas W. , Smith Barbara F. , Lewis Randall E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInterest in the biocide cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) has resurged based on new studies showing its effectiveness against a wide variety of pathogens. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)‐based hydrogels have been developed for the controlled release of CPC. Initial burst release of the biocide can be controlled and sustained release can be achieved for more than two weeks. The burst and sustained release can be adjusted by varying the amount of anionic monomer (AMPSA), crosslink content (DEGDMA), release media, hydrogel surface area, and CPC loading. After removing the CPC‐loaded hydrogel from solution and drying, the release of CPC can also be reactivated. Very interesting swelling behavior was observed for CPC‐loaded hydrogels due to the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the polymer hydrogel and CPC. In addition, HEMA‐based hydrogels can be used to recover or absorb CPC from aqueous solutions. By increasing the amount of AMPSA in the HEMA‐based hydrogel, more CPC can be absorbed from solution. The absorption is also enhanced by agitating the solution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Gebäudeplanung in der Nähe von Schienenverkehrswegen – Meßtechnische Untersuchungen – Prognosen – Beurteilungen – Schutzmaßnahmen
Authors: Lenz Udo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn innerstädtischen Bereichen sind Neubauten häufig vor Schwingungsimmissionen von Schienenverkehrswegen zu schützen. Auf der Basis von meßtechnischen Untersuchungen läßt sich anhand des vom Bauherrn definierten Schutzanspruchs eine Aussage über die Notwendigkeit von Maßnahmen treffen. Schutzmaßnahmen können direkt am Gleis durch Variation des Oberbaus getroffen werden. Es besteht die Möglichkeit der Beeinflussung der Immissionen auf den Ausbreitungsweg zwischen Gleisanlage und Gebäude. Im Gebäude selbst lassen sich auch Maßnahmen zur Schwingungsreduzierung vorsehen.
Berechnung von Baugrubenwänden mit verschiedenen Methoden: Trägermodell, nichtlineare Bettung, Finite‐Elemente‐Methode
Authors: Hettler Achim , Ortiz Susana Vega , Mumme Britta 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAm Beispiel einer einfach gestützten Wand in mitteldicht gelagertem Sand werden drei verschiedene Berechungsmethoden miteinander verglichen: Trägermodell mit unverschieblichen Auflagern, Trägermodell mit nichtlinearer Bettung nach Besler und Finite‐Elemente‐Methode mit der Hypoplastizität bzw. mit der durch intergranulare Dehnung erweiterten Hypoplastizität. Die Untersuchungen beinhalten schwerpunktmäßig Schnittgrößen und Wandverformungen und die Art der Einbindung des Wandfußes. Am Schluß werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse zusammengefaßt und Empfehlungen für die praktische Anwendung gegeben.
Hypothese von Coulomb und mehrachsige Betonfestigkeit
Authors: Bussler Leonid 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird die bekannte Hypothese von Coulomb auf den mehrachsigen Spannungszustand erweitert. Dabei ist der Reibungsbeiwert als ein Scherbeiwert in der Hauptdruckrichtung und als innerer Kehrwert der Steifigkeitsverminderung in der Querrichtung zur Druckachse definiert. Die Kohäsion der Betonstruktur, zuerst isotrop angenommen, wird als innere Vorspannungsdruckkraft dargestellt. Die mehrachsigen Berechnungen sind meistens durch Experimente bestätigt. Der Vergleich ist befriedigend, was die Notwendigkeit von gezielten Experimenten nicht ausschließt.