bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microcontainers with Fluorescent Anisotropic Zeolite L Cores and Isotropic Silica Shells
Authors: Guerrero‐Martínez Andrés , Fibikar Sandra , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , De Cola Luisa 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMulticolor fluorescent containers: A silica coating procedure has been devised for the preparation of multifluorescent dye‐loaded zeolite L crystals with luminescent anisotropic cores and isotropic shells. The method comprises a combination of the polyelectrolyte layer‐by‐layer technique and Stöber synthesis (see scheme, TEM image, and fluorescence microscopy images).magnified image
Synthesis and characterization of palm‐based resin for UV coating
Authors: Cheong Mei Yee , Lye Ooi Tian , Ahmad Salmiah , Yunus Wan Md Zin Wan , Kuang Dzulkefly 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe production of UV curable acrylated polyol ester prepolymer from palm oil and its downstream products offer potential and promising materials for applications such as polymeric film preparation and coatings. In this study, palm olein polyol was reacted with acrylic acid in the presence of a catalyst and inhibitors via condensation esterification process. The reaction temperature of 80°C and the stirring rate of 400 rpm produce a homogeneous product. Based on iodine value result, the suitable amount of p‐toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate used as catalyst was 3.0% (w/w) of palm olein polyol. Different UV curable formulations have been investigated using the synthesized prepolymers with monomers and a small amount of photoinitiator. Monomers used were 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) while photoinitiator used was 1‐hydroxy cyclohexyl phenylketone (Irgacure 184). The mixtures were cured to make thin polymeric films under UV radiation with doses between 2 and 14 passes (energy per pass is 0.6 J/cm2). Coating and curing was carried out on glass for pendulum hardness and FTIR analysis. Pendulum hardness of the film prepared using monomer HDDA and the prepolymer previously synthesized using 3.0% catalyst was 24.5%. The radiation dose needed was 14 passes. The highest pendulum hardness of 49.4% was achieved using monomer TMPTA and the prepolymer synthesized using 2.0% catalyst. The radiation dose needed was 10 passes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and chemical properties of dielectric polyphenylenes with nitro group
Authors: Abe Masahiro , Tokita Masatoshi , Watanabe Junji , Sakai Yoshimasa , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPolyphenylenes consisting of nitrophenylene and didodecyloxy‐p‐phenylene units have been synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed organometallic polycondensation. The polymers showed good solubility and had number–average molecular weights (Mn) of 13,000–37,000. Their spin‐coated films showed fairly high dielectric constants (ε) of 3.75–6.36. The polymers were electrochemically active with electrochemical reduction peaks in the range of −1.72 to −1.99 V versus Ag+/Ag in an acetonitrile solution of [NEt4]BF4 (0.10M). The polymer composed of 2,3′‐dinitrobiphenyl and didodecyloxy‐p‐phenylene units showed thermotropic liquid crystalline phase at about 240°C. Cast films of the polymer had a birefringent phase at room temperature, suggesting self‐assembly of the polymer in the solid. XRD studies revealed that the polymers assumed an ordered structure assisted by aggregation of the long alkoxy side chains in the solid. The polymer main chain in the cast film is considered to be aligned parallel with respect to the surface of substrates. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effects of the Cardiff Bay tidal barrage on the abundance, ecology and behaviour of shelducks Tadorna tadorna
Authors: Ferns Peter N. , Reed James P. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Closure of the Taff/Ely Estuary by the Cardiff Bay barrage in 1999 resulted in the replacement of intertidal mudflats by a permanent freshwater lake. This led to an 89% reduction in the population of shelducks Tadorna tadorna.
The birds switched from foraging mainly for Nereis diversicolor and Hydrobia ulvae by scything with the bill as they walked across the mudflats at low tide, to feeding on benthic chironomid midge larvae while swimming in shallow water around the margins of the lake.
The population decline occurred as a consequence of a decrease in the area available for foraging — from about 1 km2 of mudflats to about 0.1 km2 of water shallow enough for shelducks to reach the bottom when dabbling, head dipping and upending.
Contrary to expectation, the amount of time shelducks spent feeding was similar pre‐ and post‐barrage, and their body and plumage condition improved.
A tidal rhythm in activity persisted, with a reduced amount of feeding at high tide, probably because of the slight rise in water levels that sometimes occurred at this time.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation methodology of monthly highest and lowest air temperatures in heat island phenomenon survey
Authors: Aikawa Masahide , Hiraki Takatoshi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe specificity and generality of using the monthly highest and lowest air temperatures to demonstrate the thermal condition were studied. The monthly highest and lowest air temperature data in August and January were examined. Not only the monthly highest but also the lowest air temperatures described the thermal condition correctly without large variation. The monthly highest air temperature in August reflected particular meteorological conditions relatively easily and correctly described the thermally severe condition. The monthly lowest air temperature in January was the most accurate at describing the thermal condition. The outlier hardly appeared in the monthly lowest air temperature in January. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
A lifestage approach to assessing children's exposure
Authors: Cohen Hubal Elaine A. , Moya Jacqueline , Selevan Sherry G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractUnderstanding and characterizing risks to children has been the focus of considerable research efforts at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Potential health risks resulting from environmental exposures before conception and during pre‐ and postnatal development are often difficult to recognize and assess because of a potential time lag between the relevant periods of exposure during development and associated outcomes that may be expressed at later lifestages. Recognizing this challenge, a lifestage approach for assessing exposure and risk is presented in the recent EPA report titled A Framework for Assessing Health Risks of Environmental Exposures to Children (U.S. EPA, 2006). This EPA report emphasizes the need to account for the potential exposures to environmental agents during all stages of development, and consideration of the relevant adverse health outcomes that may occur as a result of such exposures. It identifies lifestage‐specific issues associated with exposure characterization for regulatory risk assessment, summarizes the lifestage‐specific approach to exposure characterization presented in the Framework, and discusses emerging research needs for exposure characterization in the larger public‐health context. This lifestage approach for characterizing children's exposures to environmental contaminants ensures a more complete evaluation of the potential for vulnerability and exposure of sensitive populations throughout the life cycle. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time measurement of cytosolic free calcium concentration in DEM‐treated HL‐60 cells during static magnetic field exposure and activation by ATP
Authors: Rozanski Camilla , Belton Michelle , Prato Frank S. , Carson Jeffrey J.L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study investigated whether glutathione depletion affected the sensitivity of HL‐60 cells to static magnetic fields. The effect of Diethylmaleate (DEM) on static magnetic field induced changes in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) was examined. Cells were loaded with a fluorescent dye and exposed to a uniform static magnetic field at a strength of 0 mT (sham) or 100 mT. [Ca2+]c was monitored during field and sham exposure using a ratiometric fluorescence spectroscopy system. Cells were activated by the addition of ATP. Metrics extracted from the [Ca2+]c time series included: average [Ca2+]c during the Pre‐Field and Field Conditions, peak [Ca2+]c following ATP activation and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak ATP response. Comparison of each calcium metric between the sham and 100 mT experiments revealed the following results: average [Ca2+]c measured during the Field condition was 53 ± 2 nM and 58 ± 2 nM for sham and 100 mT groups, respectively. Average FWHM was 51 ± 3 s and 54 ± 3 s for sham and 100 mT groups, respectively. An effect of experimental order on the peak [Ca2+]c response to ATP in sham/sham experiments complicated the statistical analysis and did not allow pooling of the first and second order experiments. No statistically significant difference between the sham and 100 mT groups was observed for any of the calcium metrics. These data suggested that manipulation of free radical buffering capacity in HL‐60 cells did not affect the sensitivity of the cells to a 100 mT static magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 30:213–221, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal and chemical denaturation of Bacillus circulans xylanase
Authors: Raabe Richard , Gentile Lisa 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA number of institutions have been, or are in the process of, modifying their biochemistry major to include some emphasis on the quantitative physical chemistry of biomolecules. Sometimes this is done as a replacement for part for the entire physical chemistry requirement, while at other institutions this is incorporated as a component into the traditional two‐semester biochemistry series. The latter is the model used for biochemistry and molecular biology majors at the University of Richmond, whose second semester of biochemistry is a course entitled Proteins: Structure, Function, and Biophysics. What is described herein is a protein thermodynamics laboratory module, using the protein Bacillus circulans xylanase, which reinforces many lecture concepts, including: (i) the denatured (D) state ensemble of a protein can be different, depending on how it was populated; (ii) intermediate states may be detected by some spectroscopic techniques but not by others; (iii) the use and assumptions of the van't Hoff approach to calculate ΔHo, ΔSo, and ΔGoT for thermal protein unfolding transitions; and (iv) the use and assumptions of an approach that allows determination of the Gibb's free energy of a protein unfolding transition based on the linear dependence of ΔGo on the concentration of denaturant used. This module also requires students to design their own experimental protocols and spend time in the primary literature, both important parts of an upper division lab.
Teaching of biochemistry in medical school
Authors: Mathews Michael B. , Stagnaro‐Green Alex 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBiochemistry and molecular biology occupy a unique place in the medical school curriculum. They are frequently studied prior to medical school and are fundamental to the teaching of biomedical sciences in undergraduate medical education. These two circumstances, and the trend toward increased integration among the disciplines, have led to reconsideration of biochemistry instruction in many medical schools. We conducted a survey to explore the evolving trends in biochemistry education. A broad diversity was evident in parameters including course content, faculty, governance, prerequisites, and teaching methods. Notably, sharp differences were apparent between freestanding biochemistry courses and those in which biochemistry is integrated with other subjects. Furthermore, the data imply a likely trend toward increased integration of biochemistry with other disciplines in the medical school curriculum.
Magnetic Properties of NiIICrIII Layered Double Hydroxide Materials
Authors: Almansa Juan J. , Coronado Eugenio , Martí‐Gastaldo Carlos , Ribera Antonio 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the isolation of four layered double hydroxide (LDH) compounds having the general formula[NiII3–xCrIIIx(OH)6](CO3)x/2·yH2O [x = 0.57 (1), 0.69 (2), 0.81 (3) and 0.93 (4)] by using homogeneous precipitation methods and varying the metal ratio in the synthetic solutions. All the reported compounds have carbonate anions in the interlamellar space. This fact forces the interlayer distances to remain unchanged in all the cases, thus providing an ideal system in which the changes observed in magnetic properties can be correlated with metal composition along the hydroxide layers.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Chiral Amine–Polyoxometalate Hybrids as Recoverable Asymmetric Enamine Catalysts under Neat and Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Li Jiuyuan , Hu Shenshen , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSolid acid–chiral amine hybrids have been synthesized and explored as recyclable and reusable enamine‐type asymmetric catalysts. Simple chiral amine–polyoxometalate (CA–POM) hybrids were identified as the optimal catalysts to promote a range of enamine‐based transformations with high activity and excellent stereoselectivity under either neat or aqueous conditions. A catalyst loading as low as 0.33 mol‐% (1 mol‐% loading of chiral amine) was sufficient to achieve fast reactions and high stereoselectivities. Under both conditions, the CA–POM hybrid catalysts could be easily recycled and reused up to seven times with essentially unchanged stereoselectivity, although diminished activity was observed upon extensive reuse, especially under aqueous conditions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Microflow Vessel Improving Reproducibility and Sensitivity of Electrochemical Measurements
Authors: Krejci Jan , Lacina Karel , Vránová Hana , Grosmanová Zuzana 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA new microflow system was designed and developed for electrochemical measurements. The electrochemical electrodes prepared using thick film technology were used in this arrangement. Results of various measurements such as simple amperometric measurement on the example of H2O2 detection, measurement with glucose oxidase (GOx) biosensor, soluble enzyme activity measurement etc. carried out using this system are reported. It was observed that the sensitivity and reproducibility of the electrochemical measurements is improved significantly. The new device performance was proved on H2O2 detection, activity of GOx measurement and heavy metals detection (measured concentration range: H2O2 10−9 to 10−1 M, glucose 10−6 to 10−2 M, activity of GOx 10−1 to 102 IU, heavy metals (Cu, Pb) 10−4 to 10−3 M). The microflow insert greatly reduces the overall size of the electrolyte vessel and measurements with sample quantity as low as 2 mL can be accomplished.
Determination of Manganese in Natural Media by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Rotating Solid Silver Amalgam Electrode
Authors: Lesven Ludovic , Skogvold Silje M. , Mikkelsen Øyvind , Billon Gabriel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDetection of Mn(II) using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) on solid silver amalgam electrode is introduced. A well‐defined peak for the oxidation of Mn(0) to Mn(II) was observed around −1.45 V in NH4Cl (0.05 M) solution. Concentrations down to 1 μg/L were measured in NH4Cl (0.05 M) with 900 s deposition time at −1.70 V, and good linearity was observed (r=0.993) for standard additions in different concentration ranges (1–3 μg/L, 10 μg/L–60 μg/L, and 50 μg/L–250 μg/L). For all measurements relative standard deviation was within 5% (n=9). Interactions between Mn and Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn were examined, and it was found that lead and nickel significantly interfere, while zinc, cadmium, copper, and mercury did not interfere within reasonable concentration ranges. The method was demonstrated for online detection of manganese in a contaminated river where the Mn(II) concentration varied between 3 and 15 μg/L. The relation between the Mn(II) concentration in the river water and the vessel traffic was observed due to the presence of high concentrations of Mn(II) in anoxic pore waters.
Selection of the most informative individuals from families with multiple siblings for association studies
Authors: Liu Chunyu , Yang Qiong , Adrienne Cupples L. , Meigs James B. , Dupuis Josée 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAssociation analyses may follow an initial linkage analysis for mapping and identifying genes underlying complex quantitative traits and may be conducted on unrelated subsets of individuals where only one member of a family is included. We evaluate two methods to select one sibling per sibship when multiple siblings are available: (1) one sibling with the most extreme trait value; and (2) one sibling using a combination score statistic based on extreme trait values and identity‐by‐descent sharing information. We compare the type I error and power. Furthermore, we compare these selection strategies with a strategy that randomly selects one sibling per sibship and with an approach that includes all siblings, using both simulation study and an application to fasting blood glucose in the Framingham Heart Study. When genetic effect is homogeneous, we find that using the combination score can increase power by 30–40% compared to a random selection strategy, and loses only 8–13% of power compared to the full sibship analysis, across all additive models considered, but offers at least 50% genotyping cost saving. In the presence of genetic heterogeneity, the score offers a 50% increase in power over a random selection strategy, but there is substantial loss compared to the full sibship analysis. In application to fasting blood sample, two SNPs are found in common for the selection strategies and the full sample among the 10 highest ranked single nucleotide polymorphisms. The EV strategy tends to agree with the IBD‐EV strategy and the analysis of the full sample. Genet. Epidemiol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐occurrence of depression and anxiety in elderly subjects aged 90 years and its relationship with functional status, quality of life and mortality
Authors: Van der Weele Gerda M. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , De Waal Margot W. M. , De Craen Anton J. M. , Van der Mast Roos C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of concurrent depression and anxiety and its relationship with functional status, quality of life and mortality in individuals at age 90.MethodsIn the Leiden 85‐plus Study, a population based cohort study, depression (15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale ≥5 points) and anxiety (Anxiety Screening Questionnaire ≥1 positive answer) were assessed in all 90‐year old subjects with ≥19 points on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Functional status included: cognitive function (MMSE) and disability in activities of daily living (Groningen Activity Restriction Scale). Quality of life included: loneliness (Loneliness Scale of De Jong‐Gierveld) and life satisfaction (Cantril's ladder). For all subjects mortality data were available up to a maximum age of 95.3 years.ResultsOf the subjects aged 90 years with MMSE ≥19 points (56 men, 145 women), 50 subjects (25%, 95% CI 19–31%) experienced depression and 25 subjects (12%, 95% CI 9–18%) anxiety; of them 34 (17%) experienced depression only, 9 (4%) anxiety only, and 16 (8%) both depression and anxiety. Presence of depression was associated with an overall decreased functional status and quality of life and with increased mortality. Within the depressed group, subjects with anxiety did not differ from subjects without anxiety, except for higher loneliness scores.ConclusionAmong individuals aged 90 years, depression and anxiety and their co‐occurrence are highly prevalent. Anxiety does not add to poor functional status and increased mortality beyond that associated with depression, and is probably part of the phenomenology of depression in old age. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Location of ectopic adrenocortical hormone‐secreting tumors causing Cushing's syndrome in the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Hodish Israel , Giordano Thomas J. , Starkman Monica N. , Schteingart David E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground.The majority of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)‐secreting tumors are localized in the chest or abdomen. Occasionally, these tumors are found in the paranasal sinuses.Methods.We present 2 unusual cases of ectopic ACTH syndrome whose ACTH‐secreting tumors were localized in the paranasal sinuses and describe their biochemical and radiological presentation.Results.The first patient had an ACTH‐secreting olphactory neuroblastoma originating in the ethmoid sinuses. The second patient had a clinical course and biochemical findings indistinguishable from pituitary ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome, except for negative petrosal sinus sampling. Head imaging showed a “polyp” in the left maxillary sinus‐secreting ACTH. Both patients went into remission following surgicalresection and recovered normal pituitary‐adrenal axis function.Conclusion.Ectopic ACTH secretion may originate from lesions in the paranasal sinuses. This accessible location allows for direct immunohistochemical diagnosis with ACTH staining. Surgical resection/radiation therapy can result in complete remission of the disease and restoration of normal pituitary‐adrenal function. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009.
Accuracy and definitive interpretation of preoperative technetium 99m sestamibi imaging based on the discipline of the reader
Authors: Khalid Ayesha N. , Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Higginbotham Bruce W. , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground.Technetium 99m sestamibi scans have become a principal means of localizing parathyroid adenomas. Its accuracy and reliability has allowed for the proliferation of minimal access parathyroidectomy. Localizing interpretation of these scans often drives referral of hyperparathyroid patients for surgery. Interpretation of these scans may differ between nuclear medicine physicians and surgeons.Methods.We reviewed patients (N = 65) with digital images from an academic medical center with the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. We assessed the willingness to define an adenoma's location, the interrater reliability, and the accuracy of technetium (Tc‐99m) sestamibi read by a surgeon and a nuclear medicine physician.Results.There was poor correlation between both readers for assessment of quality of images (k = 0.54, 0.07) but very good correlation for adenoma location (k = 0.81).Conclusion.Both readers had good accuracy in predicting the location of the parathyroid adenoma. The surgeon was more likely to call a scan positive. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Effects of cooler materials on cooling performance of ATCA mainboards
Authors: Dong Zhizhong , Meng Meng , Liang Zhanpeng , Peng Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNowadays, the rapid increase in CPU heat generation has become a very serious problem for the whole processing system, especially a system with more than one CPU. In this paper, based upon the cooling design requirements of ATCA processing systems, a series of investigations were conducted to explore the effects of different cooling materials such as copper or aluminum on the cooling performance of the whole system. Meanwhile, several ways of improving the cooling performance are provided in the paper. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20230