bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between in-country migration and HIV infection among transgender women from northeastern Brazil: a respondent-driven sampling survey
Authors: Leite Beo Oliveira , Magno Laio , Bastos Francisco Inacio , Dourado Ines 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMigration is common among transgender women (TGW), often driven by the desire to escape stigma, find acceptance, establish new connections, access body modifications, or enter new avenues of sex work. Given the heightened mobility of TGW, they are mostly vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to migration. This study aimed to evaluate the association between in-country migration and HIV infection among TGW in Northeast Brazil.MethodsThe DIVAS was a cross-sectional, multicity study investigating risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among TGW in 2016–2017. A total of 864 TGW were recruited through respondent-driven sampling from three capital cities in Northeast Brazil. Logistic regression estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to assess the relationship between in-country migration and HIV infection.ResultsThe prevalence of HIV among TGW was 24.5%, 21.4% among those aged 18–34 and 36.1% among those ≥ 35 years old. In-country migration increased the odds of HIV infection among TGW aged 18–34 years (OR = 1.84; 95%CI:1.04–3.27) and even higher among those aged ≥ 35y old (OR = 3.08; 95%CI:1.18–8.04).ConclusionsThese data reinforce the pressing need for public health policies that provide comprehensive access and strategies for demand creation for HIV/AIDS prevention and care for TGW who are already highly vulnerable to infection.
Complex interplay of science reasoning and vaccine hesitancy among parents in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Felicia , Ren Jia , Garon Colin , Huang Zhuoying , Kubale John , Wagner Abram L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe psychosocial underpinnings of vaccine hesitancy are complex. Research is needed to pinpoint the exact reasons why people hesitate to vaccinate themselves or their children against vaccine-preventable diseases. One possible reason are concerns that arise from a misunderstanding of vaccine science. We examined the impact of scientific reasoning on vaccine hesitancy and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intent through a cross-sectional study of parents of vaccine-eligible children (N = 399) at immunization clinics in Shanghai, China. We assessed the relationship between science reasoning and both vaccine hesitancy and HPV vaccine acceptance using general additive models. We found a significant association between scientific reasoning and education level, with those with less than a high school education having a significantly lower scientific reasoning that those with a college education (ß = -1.31, p-value = 0.002). However, there was little evidence of a relationship between scientific reasoning and vaccine hesitancy. Scientific reasoning therefore appears not to exert primary influence on the formation of vaccine attitudes among the respondents surveyed. We suggest that research on vaccine hesitancy continues working to identify the styles of reasoning parents engage in when determining whether or not to vaccinate their children. This research could inform the development and implementation of tailored vaccination campaigns.
Association of the triglyceride-glucose index with the occurrence and recurrence of colorectal adenomas: a retrospective study from China
Authors: Li Jiaoyan , Chen Jingfeng , Liu Haoshuang , Yan Su , Wang Youxiang , Xing Miao , Ding Suying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Resection of colorectal adenoma (CRA) prevents colorectal cancer; however, recurrence is common. We aimed to assess the association of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with CRA occurrence and recurrence.

Methods
Data from 3392 participants at a hospital in China from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A restricted cubic spline was used to fit TyG index dose‒response curves to recurrent adenomas. The discriminatory power of TyG index for predicting later recurrence was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in 170 patients with a TyG index at initial adenoma diagnosis.

Results
One thousand five hundred ninety-six adenoma and 1465 normal participants were included in the occurrence analysis, and 179 recurrent and 152 nonrecurrent participants were included in the recurrence analysis. The TyG mutation was an independent risk factor for CRA occurrence and recurrence. After adjusting for confounders, the risk of adenoma in the participants in Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups of TyG was 1.324 (95% CI 1.020–1.718), 1.349 (95% CI 1.030–1.765), and 1.445 (95% CI 1.055–1.980) times higher than that of the Q1, respectively, and the risk of recurrence in the Q3 and Q4 groups was 2.267 (95% CI 1.096–4.691) and 2.824 (95% CI 1.199–6.648) times in Q1 group. Multiple logistic regression showed that the highest quartile of the TyG index was associated with a greater risk of advanced adenoma recurrence (OR 4.456, 95% CI 1.157–17.164), two or more adenomas (OR 5.079, 95% CI 1.136–22.714 [after removal of TyG index extreme values]), and proximal colon or both adenomas (OR 3.043, 95% CI 1.186–7.810). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association was found to be present only in participants of all age groups who were either male or without obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, or dyslipidemia (p < 0.05). ROC curves illustrated that the TyG index had good predictive efficacy for identifying recurrence, especially for patients with two or more adenomas (AUC 0.777, 95% CI 0.648–0.907).

Conclusions
An increase in the TyG index is associated with an increased risk of adenoma occurrence and recurrence, with a stronger association with the latter.
Effect of thermocycling on surface topography and fracture toughness of milled and additively manufactured denture base materials: an in-vitro study
Authors: Abdul-Monem Mohamed M. , Hanno Kenda I. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Studies investigating thermocycling effect on surface topography and fracture toughness of resins used in digitally manufactured denture bases are few. The study aimed to assess the impact of thermocycling on surface topography and fracture toughness of materials used for digitally manufactured denture bases.

Methods
Water sorption, solubility, hardness, surface roughness, and fracture toughness of both three-dimensional (3D)-printed and computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled specimens (n = 50) were assessed both prior to and following 2000 thermocycles, simulating 2 years of clinical aging. Surface hardness (n = 10) was measured using a Vickers hardness testing machine, surface roughness (n = 10) was determined by a contact profilometer, and fracture toughness (n = 20) was measured using the 3-point bend test, then studying the fractured surfaces was done via a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Prior to and following thermocycling, water sorption and solubility (n = 10) were assessed. Normally distributed data was tested using two-way repeated ANOVA and two-way ANOVA, while Mann Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to analyze data that was not normally distributed (α < 0.05).

Results
Following thermocycling, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of both groups declined, with a significant reduction in values of the 3D-printed resin (P < .001). The 3D-printed denture base resins had a rougher surface following thermocycling with a significant difference (P < .001). The sorption and solubility of water of both materials were not affected by thermocycling.

Conclusions
Before and after thermocycling, milled specimens had lower surface roughness and a greater degree of hardness and fracture toughness than 3D-printed specimens. Thermocycling lowered hardness and fracture toughness, and increased surface roughness in both groups, but had no effect on water sorption and solubility.
Clinical and microbiological efficacy of intra-pocket application of diode laser in grade C periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Anwar Souzy Kamal , Hafez Amira Mohamed , Roshdy Yara Safwat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Periodontitis is a microbially induced disease destroying structures anchoring teeth to jaw bones. Although metronidazole in combination with spiramycin is the effective conventional treatment of stage III grade C periodontitis, it has several systemic side effects. Laser therapy is widely used nowadays as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) to modulate inflammatory host response and eradicate microbes, due to bactericidal and detoxifying effects. Since microbiological analysis is one of the diagnostic methods identifying periodontal risk; our research aimed to investigate the efficacy of intra-pocket application of diode laser (980 nm) versus antibiotic therapy in enhancing clinical and microbiological parameters in stage III grade C periodontitis.

Methods
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on fifty patients with stage III grade C periodontitis, divided equally into two groups. We managed test group by SRP with intra-pocket application of diode laser (980 nm) and the control group by SRP with systemic antibiotic administration (spiramycin and metronidazole). Then, we measured periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) for both groups, before treatment (baseline), four and twelve weeks after. Moreover, we collected gingival crevicular fluid from both groups at baseline, four and twelve weeks after treatment and analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the relative count of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porhyromonas gingivalis.

Results
Compared to baseline, all assessed clinical and microbiological parameters attested improvement at the end of the study period in each group individually with no significant difference between the two studied groups. Although, at twelve weeks, flare up of bacterial levels was detected with systemic antibiotic administration.

Conclusion
Laser therapy can be considered as an effective treatment modality in stage III grade C periodontitis, avoiding the systemic antibiotic side effects and solving the recurrence problems due to bacterial resistance by long term usage.

Trial registration
NCT05222737 retrospectively on 03/02/2022, Clinicaltrial.gov.
Paying attention to attention: a program evaluation of faculty-delivered mindfulness-based attention training to optimize wellness and professionalism in medical students
Authors: Gunsilius Chloe Zimmerman , Price Malena M. , Rogers Scott L. , Flynn Ellen , Jha Amishi P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
As physician distress rises, medical schools must provide programs to counter such distress at the earliest stages of training. Mindfulness training (MT) is one intervention that can alleviate stress during medical school. However, framing MT around wellness alone misses the opportunity to connect core cognitive and psychological capacities strengthened by MT to professional goals and skill acquisition inherent to successful medical training. Here, we highlight how the attentional components of MT align with students’ goals of becoming attending physicians while promoting academic, psychological, and interpersonal flourishing. MT courses that focus on strengthening attentional capacities can intuitively link academic and professional development with wellness, appealing to a wide array of students.

Methods
We iteratively recontextualized an existing short-form mindfulness training program for high-stress pre-professionals, known as Mindfulness Based Attention Training (MBAT), to the medical school context (MBAT-Rx). MBAT-Rx was offered by physician trainers to first-year medical students at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University as a tool for improving study habits and focus in addition to the development of both self-care and patient care strategies. MBAT-Rx consists of weekly, two-hour sessions over four weeks, with 10–15 min of daily mindfulness practice between sessions. At the end of the four weeks, students submitted voluntary program evaluation responses detailing their experience of the program.

Results
Optional program evaluation responses (n = 67) highlight that students found the program to be useful for their academic success and ability to pay attention, their interpersonal relationships, and their psychological health. By framing MT as an opportunity to boost core attentional capacities and connecting this to professional and academic goals in addition to wellness, MBAT-Rx appealed to a wide variety of students.

Conclusions
Our ongoing work suggests that framing MT as both a professional development and wellness promotion tool, taught by physicians themselves, and structured around students’ time demands, may be a successful model for medical schools looking to increase the impact of their mindfulness offerings. Such programs are needed to equip medical students to navigate the demands of a challenging healthcare training landscape.
A comparison between the effects of simulation of basic CPR training and workshops on firefighters’ knowledge and skills: experimental study
Authors: Faghihi Amir , Naderi Zeinab , Keshtkar Mohammad Mehdi , Nikrouz Leila , Bijani Mostafa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
One of the most common causes of death worldwide is cardiopulmonary arrest. Firefighters are among the first responders at the scenes of accidents and can, therefore, play a key part in performing basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for victims who need it. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of simulation training against workshops on the CPR knowledge and skills of firefighters in the south of Iran.

Methods
This experimental (Interventional) study was conducted on 60 firefighters of south of Fars province, Iran. The study was undertaken from March to July 2023. Through random allocation, the participants were divided into two groups: simulation-based training (30 members) and traditional workshop training (30 members). The participants’ CPR knowledge and practical skills were measured before, immediately after, and three months after intervention.

Results
The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest CPR knowledge and skill mean scores of the simulation groups as compared to the workshop group (p < 0.001). As measured three months after the intervention, the firefighters’ knowledge and skill mean scores were still significantly different from their pretest mean scores (p < 0.001); however, they had declined, which can be attributed to the fact that the study population did not frequently exercise CPR.

Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, even though both methods of education were effective on enhancing the firefighters’ CPR knowledge and skill, simulation training had a far greater impact than training in workshops. In view of the decline in the participants’ knowledge and skill scores over time, it is recommended that short simulation training courses on CPR should be repeated on a regular basis.
Development and quality assessment of the psychometric properties of the Self-Efficacy in Lifestyle Counselling scale (SELC 20 + 20) using Rasch analysis
Authors: Alenius Sara , Westergren Albert , Lindström Petra Nilsson , Nilsson Marie , Rask Marie , Behm Lina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Globally as well as in Sweden, diseases that are caused by unhealthy lifestyle habits are the most common causes of death and disability. Even though there are guidelines that oblige all health-care professionals to counsel patients about lifestyle, studies have shown that it is not prioritized within healthcare. One reason for this among nurses has been shown to be lack of confidence in knowledge and counselling skills. This study aimed to develop, and quality assess the psychometric properties of an instrument to measure self-efficacy in lifestyle counselling.

Methods
An instrument inspired by an American instrument, following Bandura’s recommendations for development of self-efficacy measures, was developed according to Swedish national guidelines for disease-prevention. The instrument was revised after cognitive interviews with nursing students, university teachers within health sciences, and clinical experts, then administrated to 310 nursing students at different levels in their education. The instrument was tested with Rasch Measurement Theory, with focus on dimensionality, local dependency, targeting, reliability, response category functioning, Rasch model fit, and differential item functioning by age, gender, educational level and previous health care education.

Results
The development of the instrument resulted in 20 + 20 items, 20 items about self-efficacy in knowledge, and 20 items about self-efficacy in ability to counsel persons about their lifestyle. The analyses showed that knowledge and ability are two different, but related, constructs, where ability is more demanding than knowledge. The findings provide support (considering dimensionality and local dependency) for that all 20 items within the knowledge construct as well as the 20 items within the ability construct can be summed, achieving two separate but related total scores, where knowledge (reliability 0.81) is a prerequisite for ability (reliability 0.84). Items represented lower self-efficacy than reported by the respondents. Response categories functioned as expected, Rasch model fit was acceptable, and there was no differential item functioning.

Conclusions
The SELC 20 + 20 was found to be easy to understand with an acceptable respondent burden and the instrument showed good measurement properties.
Adaptation of a standardized lifestyle intervention to maximize health outcomes in adolescent metabolic and bariatric surgery patients
Authors: Misserian Maral , Wheelington Alicia , King Rashon , Francis Jackson , Mathew M. Sunil , Allicock Marlyn A. , Cartwright Bethany R. , Adewunmi Adejumoke , Chandrasekhar Aparajita , Polavarapu Dhatri , Qureshi Faisal G. , Barlow Sarah E. , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is safe and efficacious in treating adolescents with severe obesity. Behavioral/lifestyle programs can support successful preparation for surgery and post-MBS weight loss, but no standardized lifestyle intervention exists for adolescents. Here we describe the process of developing and adapting the Diabetes Prevention Program Group Lifestyle Balance (DPP/GLB) curriculum to support adolescents pre- and post-MBS.

Methods
We collected both qualitative and quantitative data from a diverse group of adolescents (N = 19, mean age 15.2 years, range 13–17, 76% female, 42% non-Hispanic Black, 41% Hispanic, 17% other). Additionally, we included data from 13 parents, all of whom were mothers. These participants were recruited from an adolescent MBS program at Children’s Health System of Texas. In an online survey, we asked participants to rank their preferences and interests in DPP/GLB content topics. We complemented these results with in-depth interviews from a subset of 10 participants. This qualitative data triangulation informed the development of the TeenLYFT lifestyle intervention program, designed to support adolescents who were completing MBS and described here. This program was adapted from adolescent and parent DPP/GLB content preferences, incorporating the social cognitive model (SCM) and the socioecological model (SEM) constructs to better cater to the needs of adolescent MBS patients.

Results
Adolescents’ top 3 ranked areas of content were: (1) steps to adopt better eating habits and healthier foods; (2) healthy ways to cope with stress; and (3) steps to stay motivated and manage self-defeating thoughts. Nearly all adolescent participants preferred online delivery of content (versus in-person). Mothers chose similar topics with the addition of information on eating healthy outside the home. Key themes from the adolescent qualitative interviews included familial support, body image and self-confidence, and comorbidities as key motivating factors in moving forward with MBS.

Conclusions
The feedback provided by both adolescents and parents informed the development of TeenLYFT, an online support intervention for adolescent MBS candidates. The adapted program may reinforce healthy behaviors and by involving parents, help create a supportive environment, increasing the likelihood of sustained behavior change. Understanding adolescent/parent needs to support weight management may also help healthcare providers improve long-term health outcomes for this patient population.
Resource utilization and costs of transitioning from pediatric to adult care for patients with chronic autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders
Authors: Choukair Daniela , Patry Christian , Lehmann Ronny , Treiber Dorothea , Hoffmann Georg F. , Grasemann Corinna , Bruck Normi , Berner Reinhard , Burgard Peter , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Tönshoff Burkhard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
A structured transition of adolescents and young adults with chronic autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders from the pediatric to the adult health care system is important. To date, data on the time, processes, outcome, resources required for the necessary components of the transition process and the associated costs are lacking.

Methods
Evaluation of resource use and costs in a prospective cohort study of 58 adolescents with chronic autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders, for the key elements of a structured transition pathway including (i) compilation of a summary of patient history, (ii) assessment of patients’ disease-related knowledge and needs, (iii) required education and counseling sessions, (iv) and a transfer appointment of the patient with the current pediatric and the future adult rheumatologist.

Results
Forty-nine of 58 enrolled patients (84.5%) completed the transition pathway and were transferred to adult care. The mean time from the decision to start the transition process to the final transfer consultation was 315 ± 147 days. Transfer consultations were performed in 49 patients, including 10 patients jointly with the future adult rheumatologist. Most consultations were performed by the multidisciplinary team with a median of three team members and lasted 65.5 ± 21.3 min. The cumulative cost of all consultation and education sessions performed including the transfer appointment was 283 ± 164 Euro per patient. In addition, the cost of coordinating the transition process was 57.3 ± 15.4 Euro.

Conclusions
A structured transition pathway for patients with chronic autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders is resource and time consuming and should be adequately funded.