bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of posterior peripheral corneal layers and the trabecular meshwork: an immunohistological and anatomical study
Authors: Kepez Yildiz Burçin , Freitas Rui , Filippini Perla , Habroosh Fatima , Said Dalia G , Dua Harminder Singh , Sahay Prity 
Published: February 2024

Background/AimWith the popularity of endothelial keratoplasty (EK) procedures, Descemet membrane (DM) EK and pre-Descemet EK, considerable work has been done on understanding the posterior corneal anatomy. Most of the information available relates to the central cornea. We evaluated the peripheral cornea to explore the immunohistological and anatomical relationship between the pre-Descemet layer (PDL), DM and trabecular meshwork (TM).MethodsSix donor human sclerocorneal discs were studied. PDL, DM and TM were examined by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistology. The DM was peeled from the centre to the limit of its peripheral attachment, to reach the transition zone (TZ) between TM and peripheral cornea. Ten-micron sections were stained with antibodies against collagens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, elastin, myocilin, wnt-1, aquaporin, tenascin C, laminin and integrin alpha 3.ResultsCollagens 2, 3, 4, laminin and myocilin were predominantly seen in the TZ between TM and peripheral cornea. Wnt-1, integrin alpha 3 and tenascin C were highly concentrated in TM. Collagen 1 was present predominantly in the corneal stroma. On TEM; DM was thinner with a denser banded structure spread throughout its thickness in the periphery compared with the central cornea where it presents as the distinct anterior banded layer.ConclusionThe TZ between DM, PDL and TM shows a unique histological structure at the periphery. The collagen and elastin fibres of the TM are continuous with the PDL. The structures are firmly attached to each other. These findings provide structural information that is relevant to the preparation of DMEK donor tissue.
Model of multidisciplinary teamwork in hip fracture care: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Drew Sarah , Fox Fiona , Gregson Celia L , Gooberman-Hill Rachael 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesHip fractures are common injuries in older age with high mortality requiring multidisciplinary clinical care. Despite guidance, there is considerable variation in hip fracture services and patient outcomes; furthermore, little is known about how successful multidisciplinary working can be enabled. This study aimed to characterise professionals’ views about the core components of multidisciplinary teamwork in hip fracture care.DesignThe study comprised qualitative interviews with healthcare professionals delivering hip fracture care. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed abductively: material was coded inductively and grouped into higher level concepts informed by theories and frameworks relating to teamwork.SettingFour hospitals in England.ParticipantsParticipants were 40 healthcare professionals including orthopaedic surgeons, orthogeriatricians, physiotherapists and service managers.ResultsResults identified four components of successful multidisciplinary teamwork: (1) defined roles and responsibilities, (2) information transfer processes, (3) shared goals and (4) collaborative leadership. These were underpinned by a single concept: shared responsibility. Defined roles and responsibilities were promoted through formal care pathways, reinforced through induction and training with clear job plans outlining tasks. Information transfer processes facilitated timely information exchange to appropriate individuals. Well-defined common purpose was hindered by complex interdisciplinary professional relationships, particularly between orthogeriatric and orthopaedic staff, and encouraged through multidisciplinary team meetings and training. Clinical service leads were integral to bridging interdisciplinary boundaries. Mutual trust and respect were based on recognition of the value of different professional groups. Teamwork depended on formal clinical leads with facilitative and motivational roles, and on hospital leadership that created an environment supporting collaboration. Shared responsibility for patients was encouraged by joint orthopaedic and orthogeriatric care models. Staff shared responsibility by assisting colleagues when needed.ConclusionsShared responsibility across the multidisciplinary team is fundamental to delivery of hip fracture care. Findings will inform development of clinical practice recommendations and training to build teamworking competencies.
Investigating the efficacy and safety of olanzapine prophylaxis for opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (JORTC-PAL20): a study protocol for an open-label, single-arm exploratory study
Authors: Satomi Eriko , Kobayashi Tomomi , Ishikawa Ayaka , Arakawa Sayaka , Ishiki Hiroto , Amano Koji , Sakiyama Naomi , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Kihara Kota , Oyamada Shunsuke , Mizushima Akio 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionIn opioid therapy for cancer pain, opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) occur in 20%–40% of patients during initial opioid treatment or increasing opioid doses. OINV result in failure to achieve pain relief due to poor opioid adherence. Therefore, antiemetics are used to prevent OINV, but their efficacy and safety in this context have not yet been fully elucidated. Olanzapine is a promising antiemetic for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.Methods and analysisThis single-arm, single-centre exploratory study will evaluate the prophylactic antiemetic efficacy and safety of 5 mg olanzapine in patients with cancer pain who are withholding initial regular opioid therapy. Thirty-five patients will be enrolled. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients achieving complete control (CC) of OINV during 5 days of opioid treatment. CC was defined as the absence of emetic episodes, no need for rescue medication to treat nausea, and minimal or no nausea (3 or less on an 11-point categorical scale). Secondary endpoints include the complete response, defined as no emetic episodes and no use of rescue medication during the overall assessment period, the time from opioid initiation to first emetic episode, the time from opioid initiation to first rescue antiemetic administration, and adverse events graded by Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 1.0 and CTCAE version 5.0.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was approved by National Cancer Center Hospital Certified Review Board. The results will be used as preliminary data to conduct a validation study.Trial registration numberJapan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) jRCTs031220008.
Research productivity and gender of research award recipients in international ophthalmology societies
Authors: Nguyen Anne Xuan-Lan , Venkatesh Dipti Satvi , Biyani Ankita , Ratan Sanyam , Youn Gun Min , Wu Albert Y 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the research productivity and gender of award recipients of ophthalmology research awards in international societies.MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational study. The study population included award recipients of research awards from 36 ophthalmologic societies (listed on the International Council of Ophthalmology database) in 99 years (1922–2021). A gender-specific pronoun and a photograph of each award recipient were extracted from professional websites to assign their gender. Research productivity levels were retrieved from the Elsevier Scopus author database. The main outcome measures were gender distribution of award recipients per year, mean h-index per year, mean m-quotient per year, mean h-index by society, and mean m-quotient by society.ResultsOut of 2506 recipients for 122 awards, 1897 (75.7%) were men and 609 (24.3%) were women. The proportion of woman recipients increased from 0% in 1922 to 41.0% in 2021. Compared with 2000–2010 (19.8%, 109 of 550), women received a greater proportion of awards (48.4%, 459 of 949) in the last decade, from 2011 to 2021. Furthermore, men more often had greater h-index scores and m-quotient scores.ConclusionsWomen received awards (24.3%) at a lower rate than men (75.7%) while also exhibiting lower productivity, supporting the existence of a gender disparity. Our study found that women are under-represented in research awards, and further investigation into award selection processes and gender membership data is recommended.
Intensive home visiting for adolescent mothers in the Family Nurse Partnership in England 2010–2019: a population-based data linkage cohort study using propensity score matching
Authors: Cavallaro Francesca , Gilbert Ruth , Van der Meulen Jan , Kendall Sally , Kennedy Eilis , Harron Katie 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundWe evaluated the effectiveness of the Family Nurse Partnership (FNP), an intensive home visiting programme aiming to improve birth outcomes, child health and development, and to promote economic self-sufficiency among teenage mothers.MethodsWe created a linked cohort of >130 000 mothers aged 13–19 years with live births between April 2010 and March 2019, using administrative data from health (Hospital Episode Statistics), education and children’s social care (National Pupil Database). Using propensity score matching, we compared indicators of child maltreatment, health and development outcomes, and maternal hospital utilisation and educational outcomes up to 7 years following birth for mothers who did or did not enrol in FNP.ResultsWe found no evidence of an association between FNP and indicators of child maltreatment, except for an increased rate of unplanned admissions for maltreatment/injury-related diagnoses up to age 2 years for children born to FNP mothers (6.6% vs 5.7%, relative risk (RR) 1.15; 95% CI 1.07, 1.24). There was weak evidence that children born to FNP mothers were more likely to achieve a good level of development at age 5 years (57.5% vs 55.4%, RR 1.05; 95% CI 1.00, 1.09). FNP mothers were less likely to have a subsequent delivery within 18 months of the index birth (8.4% vs 9.3%, RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88, 0.97).ConclusionOur study supports findings from previous evaluations of FNP showing no evidence of benefit for child maltreatment or health outcomes measured in administrative data. Bias by indication, and variation in the intervention and usual care, may have limited our ability to detect effects. Future evaluations should capture more information on maternal risk factors and additional outcomes relating to maternal/child well-being.
Investigating market-based opportunities for the provision of nutritious and safe diets to prevent childhood stunting: a UKRI-GCRF action against stunting hub protocol paper
Authors: Cooper Gregory S , Davies-Kershaw Hilary , Dominguez-Salas Paula , Fahmida Umi , Faye Babacar , Ferguson Elaine , Grace Delia , Häsler Barbara N , Kadiyala Suneetha , Konapur Archana , Kulkarni Bharati , Chengat Prakashbabu Bhagyalakshmi , Pramesthi Indriya L , Rowland Dominic , Selvaraj Kiruthika , Sudibya Arienta R P , Tine Roger C , Yadav D M Dinesh , Zahra Nur L , Shankar Bhavani , Heffernan Claire 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundInadequate access to affordable, safe, desirable and convenient nutrient-dense food is one of the underlying causes of child stunting. While targeted nutrition-sensitive interventions (eg, backyard ‘nutri-gardens’) may increase dietary diversity within farming households, such interventions have limited scalability across the wider food system where markets remain underdeveloped. This research aims to develop and assess market-based interventions for key nutrient-dense foods to help improve the diets of women and children in the first 1000 days of life.MethodsData collection uses four parallel approaches in each of the three study countries (India, Indonesia and Senegal). (1) A novelfood environment toolwill be developed to characterise the accessibility and affordability of nutrient-dense foods in the study countries. The tool will be validated through pretesting using cognitive interviewing and piloting in purposively sampled households, 10 (cognitive interviewing) and 30 (piloting) households in each country; (2) stakeholder interviews (eg, with producers, intermediaries and retailers) will be conducted to map out nutrition-sensitive entry points of key value chains (eg, animal-sourced foods), before hotspots of potential food safety hazards will be identified from food samples collected along the chains; (3) theOptifoodandAgrifoodtools will be used to identify foods that can address food system nutrient gaps and engage key stakeholders to prioritise market interventions to improve nutrition outcomes.OptifoodandAgrifoodparameters will be informed by publicly available data, plus interviews and focus groups with value chain stakeholders; (4) informed by the previous three approaches and a campaign of participatory ‘group model building’, a novel system dynamics model will evaluate the impact of alternative market-based solutions on the availability and affordability of nutrient-dense foods over time.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval in the United Kingdom, Senegal, Indonesia and India. Dissemination comprises peer-reviewed journals, international disciplinary conferences and multistakeholder dissemination workshops.
MASH Resolution Index: development and validation of a non-invasive score to detect histological resolution of MASH
Authors: Loomba Rohit , Amangurbanova Maral , Bettencourt Ricki , Madamba Egbert , Siddiqi Harris , Richards Lisa , Behling Cynthia , Sirlin Claude B , Gottwald Mildred D , Feng Shibao , Margalit Maya , Huang Daniel Q 
Published: February 2024

Background
Dynamic changes in non-invasive tests, such as changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and MRI proton-density-fat-fraction (MRI-PDFF), may help to detect metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) resolution, but a combination of non-invasive tests may be more accurate than either alone. We developed a novel non-invasive score, the MASH Resolution Index, to detect the histological resolution of MASH.

Methods
This study included a derivation cohort of 95 well-characterised adult participants (67% female) with biopsy-confirmed MASH who underwent contemporaneous laboratory testing, MRI-PDFF and liver biopsy at two time points. The primary objective was to develop a non-invasive score to detect MASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis. The most predictive logistic regression model was selected based on the highest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), and the lowest Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. The model was then externally validated in a distinct cohort of 163 participants with MASH from a clinical trial.

Results

The median (IQR) age and body mass index were 55 (45–62) years and 32.0 (30–37) kg/m
2
, respectively, in the derivation cohort. The most accurate model (MASH Resolution Index) included MRI-PDFF, ALT and aspartate aminotransferase. The index had an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) for detecting MASH resolution in the derivation cohort. The score calibrated well and performed robustly in a distinct external validation cohort (AUC 0.83, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.91), and outperformed changes in ALT and MRI-PDFF.

Conclusion
The MASH Resolution Index may be a useful score to non-invasively identify MASH resolution.
Use of a large-bore 088 intracranial access support catheter for delivery of large intracranial devices: case series with the TracStar LDP in 125 cases
Authors: Campos Jessica K , Zarrin David A , Meyer Benjamen M , Khan Muhammad Waqas , Laghari Fahad J , Collard de Beaufort Jonathan C , Amin Gizal , Beaty Narlin B , Bender Matthew T , Suzuki Shuichi , Colby Geoffrey P , Lin Li-Mei , Coon Alexander L 
Published: February 2024

Background
The delivery of neuroendovascular devices requires a robust proximal access platform. This demand has previously been met with a 6Fr long sheath (8Fr guide) that is placed in the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) or vertebral artery segments. We share our experience with the first 0.088 inch 8Fr guide catheter designed for direct intracranial access.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively maintained IRB-approved institutional database of the senior authors to identify all cases where the TracStar Large Distal Platform (LDP) was positioned within the intracranial vasculature, defined as within or distal to the petrous ICA, vertebral artery (V3) segments, or transverse sinus. Technical success was defined as safe placement of the TracStar LDP within or distal to the described distal vessel segments with subsequent complication-free device implantation.

Results
Over the 41-month study period from January 2020 to June 2023, 125 consecutive cases were identified in whom the TracStar LDP was navigated into the intracranial vasculature for triaxial delivery of large devices, 0.027 inch microcatheter and greater, for aneurysm treatment (n=108, 86%), intracranial angioplasty/stenting (n=15, 12%), and venous sinus stenting (n=2, 1.6%). All cases used a direct select catheter technique for initial guide placement (no exchange). Posterior circulation treatments occurred in 14.4% (n=18) of cases. Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases. No vessel dissections occurred in any cases.

Conclusion
The TracStar LDP is an 0.088 inch 8Fr guide catheter that can establish direct intracranial access with an acceptable safety profile. This can be achieved in a wide range of neurointerventional cases with a high rate of technical success.
Epidural anesthesia causes outbreak of mycotic aneurysms: complications ofFusarium solanimeningitis
Authors: Sadiq Kaiser O'Sahil , Desai Sohum , Miller Samantha , Abualnadi Yazan D , Khalil Zorain Mustafa , Khan Zooha , Amjadi Nazaneen , Ravindra Vijay M , Tekle Wondwossen , Georgiadis Alexandros L , Hassan Ameer E 
Published: February 2024

Background
A health advisory was issued in response to a fungal meningitis outbreak linked to epidural anesthesia exposure in two plastic surgery clinics in Mexico, from January 1 to May 13, 2023. This descriptive analysis describes the neuroendovascular and neurosurgical observations and management of patients treated at a single stroke center located along the US-Mexico Border.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of fungal meningitis patients presenting between April and July 2023.

Results
Among the patients diagnosed with fungal meningitis (n=12), the majority (n=11) were afflicted with angio-invasiveFusarium solani. 83% received dual antifungal therapy, with 40% initiated on alternate-day intrathecal amphotericin B. Diagnostic cerebral angiography was performed on all patients, revealing aneurysms in 58% of cases, predominantly within the posterior circulation, notably the basilar artery, with a median size of 4.2 mm (IQR 3.3–4.8). Treatment strategies included flow diversion (70%) and primary coiling (14%) for aneurysms. Ventriculostomy placement was undertaken in 67% of patients, with 37.5% of these requiring conversion to ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Subarachnoid hemorrhage development was uniformly associated with 100% mortality.

Conclusions
In patients presenting withFusarium solanimeningitis, weekly angiographic surveillance proved instrumental for monitoring aneurysm and vasospasm development. Conventional angiography outperformed CT angiography due to its enhanced ability to detect small aneurysms. A proactive approach to aneurysm treatment is advocated, given their elevated rupture risk. While our findings suggest the potential reversibility of angiographic vasospasm with effective antifungal treatment, we acknowledge the challenge of drawing definitive conclusions based on a limited sample size.
Prognostic factors of first-onset optic neuritis based on diagnostic criteria and antibody status: a multicentre analysis of 427 eyes
Authors: Min Young Gi , Moon Yeji , Kwon Young Nam , Lee Byung Joo , Park Kyung-Ah , Han Jae Yong , Han Jinu , Lee Haeng-Jin , Baek Seol-Hee , Kim Byung-Jo , Kim Jun-Soon , Park Kyung Seok , Kim Nam-Hee , Kim Martha , Nam Tai-Seung , Oh Seong-Il , Jung Jae Ho , Sung Jung-Joon , Jang Myoung-Jin , Kim Seong-Joon , Kim Sung-Min 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundOptic neuritis (ON) prognosis is influenced by various factors including attack severity, underlying aetiologies, treatments and consequences of previous episodes. This study, conducted on a large cohort of first ON episodes, aimed to identify unique prognostic factors for each ON subtype, while excluding any potential influence from pre-existing sequelae.MethodsPatients experiencing their first ON episodes, with complete aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody testing, and clinical data for applying multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria, were enrolled. 427 eyes from 355 patients from 10 hospitals were categorised into four subgroups: neuromyelitis optica with AQP4 IgG (NMOSD-ON), MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD-ON), ON in MS (MS-ON) or idiopathic ON (ION). Prognostic factors linked to complete recovery (regaining 20/20 visual acuity (VA)) or moderate recovery (regaining 20/40 VA) were assessed through multivariable Cox regression analysis.ResultsVA at nadir emerged as a robust prognostic factor for both complete and moderate recovery, spanning all ON subtypes. Early intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) was associated with enhanced complete recovery in NMOSD-ON and MOGAD-ON, but not in MS-ON or ION. Interestingly, in NMOSD-ON, even a slight IVMP delay in IVMP by >3 days had a significant negative impact, whereas a moderate delay up to 7–9 days was permissible in MOGAD-ON. Female sex predicted poor recovery in MOGAD-ON, while older age hindered moderate recovery in NMOSD-ON and ION.ConclusionThis comprehensive multicentre analysis on first-onset ON unveils subtype-specific prognostic factors. These insights will assist tailored treatment strategies and patient counselling for ON.
Effects of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin on lung function in males and females: a multivariable Mendelian Randomisation study
Authors: van der Plaat Diana A , Lenoir Alexandra , Dharmage Shyamali , Potts James , Gómez Real Francisco , Shaheen Seif O , Jarvis Debbie , Minelli Cosetta , Leynaert Bénédicte 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundObservational studies suggest that total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may have beneficial effects on lung function, but these findings might be spurious due to confounding and reverse causation. We addressed these limitations by using multivariable Mendelian randomisation (MVMR) to investigate the independent causal effects of TT and SHBG on lung function.MethodsWe first identified genetic instruments by performing genome-wide association analyses of TT and SHBG in the large UK Biobank, separately in males and females. We then assessed the independent effects of TT and SHBG on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC using one-sample MVMR. We addressed pleiotropy, which could bias MVMR, using several methods that account for it. We performed subgroup MVMR analyses by obesity, physical activity and menopausal status, and assessed associations between TT and SHBG with lung function decline. Finally, we compared the MVMR results with those of observational analyses in the UK Biobank.FindingsIn the MVMR analyses, there was evidence of pleiotropy, but results were consistent when accounting for it. We found a strong beneficial effect of TT on FVC and FEV1in both males and females, but a moderate detrimental effect of SHBG on FEV1and FEV1/FVC in males only. Subgroup analyses suggested stronger effects of TT among obese and older males. The observational analyses, in line with previous studies, agreed with MRMV for TT, but not for SHBG.InterpretationThese findings suggest that testosterone improves lung function in males and females, while SHBG has an opposite independent effect in males.