bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) brush encapsulated silica particles
Authors: Ishizu Koji , Lee Dong Hoon , Tokuno Yoko , Uchida Satoshi , Ozawa Masaaki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSilica (SiO2)‐crosslinked polystyrene (PS) particles possessing photofunctional N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate (DC) groups on their surface were prepared by the free‐radical emulsion copolymerization of a mixture of SiO2 (diameter = 20 nm), styrene, divinyl benzene, 4‐vinylbenzyl N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate (VBDC), and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate with a radical initiator under UV irradiation. In this copolymerization, the inimer VBDC had the formation of a hyperbranched structure by a living radical mechanism. The particle sizes of such core–shell structures [number‐average particle diameter (Dn) = 35–40 nm] were controlled by the variation of the feed amounts of the monomers and surfactant, or emulsion system. The size distributions were relatively narrow (weight‐average particle diameter/Dn ≈ 1.05). These particles had DC groups on their surface. Subsequently, poly(methyl methacrylate) brush encapsulated SiO2 particles were synthesized by the grafting from a photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization approach of methyl methacrylate initiated by SiO2‐crosslinked PS particles as a macroinitiator. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Siloxane‐containing liquid‐crystalline supramolecular polymers: Preparation and study of thermotropic behavior
Authors: Racles Carmen , Cazacu Maria 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNew hydrogen‐bonding supramolecular polymers were obtained from 4,4′‐bipyridine and different silicon‐containing diacids. The formation and thermal stability of these complexes were verified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy following the specific absorption bands at 1950 and 2450 cm−1. Their thermotropic behavior was investigated with polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. All the obtained supramolecular compounds were liquid crystals within mesophase ranges that depended on the structure of the starting siloxane/silane diacid. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Phase behavior of temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive poly(acrylic acid‐g‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) in dilute aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Shouxin , Liu Xia , Li Fang , Fang Yu , Wang Yijuan , Yu Juan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeveral different composition temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive poly(acrylic acid‐g‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) (P(AA‐g‐NIPAM)) graft copolymers were synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization utilizing macromonomer technique. The phase behavior and conformation change of P(AA‐g‐NIPAM) in aqueous solutions were investigated by UV–vis transmittance measurements, fluorescence probe, and fluorescence quenching techniques. The results demonstrate that the P(AA‐g‐NIPAM) copolymers have temperature‐ and pH‐sensitivities, and these different composition graft copolymers have different lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and critical phase transition pH values. The LCST of graft copolymer decreases with increasing PNIPAM content, and the critical phase transition pH value increases with increasing Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) content. At room temperature (20°C), different composition of P(AA‐g‐NIPAM) graft copolymers in dilute aqueous solutions (0.001 wt %) have a loose conformation, and there is no hydrophobic microdomain formation within researching pH range (pH 3 ∼ 10). In addition, for the P(AA‐g‐NIPAM) aqueous solutions, transition from coil to globular is an incomplete reversible process in heating and cooling cycles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Study on the surface properties of grafted polyethylene particles by inverse gas chromatography
Authors: Zhao Jing‐Chan , Zhang Yong‐Ke , Zhang Yan‐Feng , Guo Zhi‐An , Han Bing , Fan Guo‐Ning 
Published: June 2008

AbstractInverse gas chromatography (IGC) studies on the surface of polyethylene (PE) particles grafted with acrylic acid and acryl amide have been reported. Surface properties of the virgin and grafting‐modified PE were compared by IGC. The dispersive contributions of the surface free energy γ and the KA and KB parameters expressing the ability of the stationary phase to act as Lewis acid or Lewis base were calculated. The results showed that the γ value increased significantly after grafting. The PE samples grafted with acrylic acid and acrylamide showed a predominantly basic character while the virgin PE was acidic. All of these suggested that the surface of PE has been modified through the grafting reaction, and thus is expected to improve its adhesions with other polymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Sodium alginate and its blends with starch: Thermal and morphological properties
Authors: Siddaramaiah  , Swamy T. M. Mruthyunjaya , Ramaraj B. , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA series of sodium alginate (SA) and starch blends, namely 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40, were processed into films by solution casting process and the obtained SA/starch blends have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DSC analysis shows single glass transition temperature (Tg) up to 30 wt % starch content in the blend, indicating the compatibility and interaction between SA and starch molecules. The TGA reveals the reduction in thermal stability of SA/starch with increase in starch content. FTIR analysis demonstrated the existence of specific intermolecular interactions between carbonyl groups of SA and hydroxyl groups of starch. The morphological analysis by SEM shows the homogeneous distribution of starch in the SA matrix. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Amifostine Protective Effect on Cisplatin‐Treated Rat Testis
Authors: Lirdi Leandra Campos , Stumpp Taiza , Sasso‐Cerri Estela , Miraglia Sandra Maria 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCisplatin is a potent drug used in clinical oncology but causes spermatogenesis damage. Amifostine is a drug used against toxicity caused by ionizing irradiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Since cisplatin provokes fertility and induces germ cell apoptosis and necrosis, we proposed to evaluate the amifostine cytoprotective action on testes of cisplatin‐treated rats. Thirty‐day‐old prepubertal Wistar rats received a single cisplatin dose of 5 mg/kg and were killed after 3, 6, and 12 hr. The hematoxylin–eosin stained testicular sections were submitted to histological, morphometric, and stereological analysis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) method was used to label apoptotic cells. TUNEL‐positive and TUNEL‐negative germ cells with abnormal nuclear morphology (ANM) were scored. Significant alterations of greater part of the parameters occurred in the cisplatin‐treated group (CE) compared to the group that received amifostine before the cisplatin‐treatment (ACE); however, testicular weight and volume did not vary between these groups. Tubular diameter was reduced in CE in comparison to ACE rats, while interstitial tissue and lymphatic space volume and volume density were significantly higher in CE rats; interstitial testicular edema probably occurred in cisplatin‐treated rats. CE rats showed important histological alterations, which were more accentuated than in ACE rats. The numerical densities of apoptotic germ cells and TUNEL‐negative cells with ANM were lower in ACE than in CE rats. In conclusion, the amifostine previously administered to prepubertal rats reduced the testicular damage caused by cisplatin. We conclude that amifostine partially protected the rat seminiferous epithelium against cisplatin toxicity. Anat Rec, 291:797–808, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional regulators of chondrocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Solomon Lauren A. , Bérubé Nathalie G. , Beier Frank 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCoordinated transition from proliferation to terminal differentiation and hypertrophy of growth plate chondrocytes is required for normal growth of endochondral bones and thus determines final height in humans. Over the last decades, transcription factors of the Sox and Runx families have been shown to be the central regulators of this process. More recently, numerous additional transcription factors have been identified as positive or negative regulators of chondrocyte hypertrophy, such as Shox/Shox2, Dlx5, and MEF2C. These factors do not only control skeletal development and growth, but might also participate in ectopic chondrocyte hypertrophy during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy, with particular attention to genes that have only recently been implicated in cartilage development or received little attention so far. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 84:123–130, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sylt – Einladung zwischen zwei Meere. Die Exkursion
Authors: Kremer Bruno P. , Janke Klaus 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDeutschlands nördlichste Nordseeinsel hat außer zwei sehr unterschiedlichen Küsten noch weitere bemerkenswerte Seiten: Auf rund 40 km Länge, aber stellenweise weniger als 2 km Breite bietet sie das gesamte Spektrum marin geprägter Lebensräume vom Spülsaum über Dünenserien bis hin zu Seegras‐ und Salzwiesen.
Malaria und Algen – “missing link” im Hafenbecken
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAuch wenn wir nicht grün werden, wenn wir mit Malaria infiziert sind und bei einem Malarianfall nicht mit Lichtenergie Stärke produzieren können, sind die nächsten Verwandten des Malariaerregers (Plasmodium falsiparum) einzellige Algen. Eine jetzt im Hafen von Sydney neu entdeckte Alge stellt eine bisher fehlende Verbindung her und belegt diese Verwandtschaft.
Jemen: Watvögel auf Reisen
Authors: Alduais Khaled M. , Kronberg Inge 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRegenpfeifer, Strandläufer, Pfuhlschnepfe und Rotschenkel sind nicht nur am Nordseestrand ein vertrautes Bild, sondern auch an der Küste der Arabischen Halbinsel, im Jemen. Hier liegt das Überwinterungsgebiet vieler Watvögel, die als Zugvögel weite Strecken zurücklegen. Wandernde Arten verbinden nicht nur Lebensräume, sondern auch Menschen und Staaten. Ihr Schutz ist ohne internationale Abkommen nicht denkbar.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Elbing Kerstin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAusbildung & Karriere:Vor dem Start: VBIO‐Sektion SchulbiologieBiotechnica Studienpreis 2008:Exzellente Abschlussarbeiten gesucht!Die zweite Auflage des “Bili” ist erschienenAus den VBIO‐Arbeitskreisen:Akkreditierung für BTA‐SchulenAus den Fachgesellschaften:GBM: Susan Lindquist erhält die Warburg‐MedailleAus den Landesverbänden:Landesverband Hessen mit neuem VorstandTreffen der Landesverbände
Hepatic denervation impairs the assembly and secretion of VLDL‐TAG
Authors: Tavares Fábio Luís , Seelaender Marília Cerqueira Leite 
Published: June 2008

AbstractVLDL secretion is a regulated process that depends on the availability of lipids, apoB and MTP. Our aim was to investigate the effect of liver denervation upon the secretion of VLDL and the expression of proteins involved in this process. Denervation was achieved by applying a 85% phenol solution onto the portal tract, while control animals were treated with 9% NaCl. VLDL secretion was evaluated by the Tyloxapol method. The hepatic concentration of TAG and cholesterol, and the plasma concentration of TAG, cholesterol, VLDL‐TAG, VLDL‐cholesterol and HDL‐cholesterol were measured, as well as mRNA expression of proteins involved in the process of VLDL assembly. Hepatic acinar distribution of MTP and apoB was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Denervation increased plasma concentration of cholesterol (125.3 ± 10.1 vs. 67.1 ± 4.9 mg dL−1) and VLDL‐cholesterol (61.6 ± 5.6 vs. 29.4 ± 3.3 mg dL−1), but HDL‐cholesterol was unchanged (45.5 ± 6.1 vs. 36.9 ± 3.9 mg dL−1). Secretion of VLDL‐TAG (47.5 ± 23.8 vs. 148.5 ± 27.4 mg dL h−1) and mRNA expression of CPT I and apoB were reduced (p < 0.01) in the denervated animals. MTP and apoB acinar distribution was not altered in the denervated animals, but the intensity of the reaction was reduced in relation to controls. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complications of pediatric cardiac catheterization: A review in the current era
Authors: Mehta Rohit , Lee Kyong‐Jin , Chaturvedi Rajiv , Benson Lee 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine types of complications and risks associated with pedatric cardiac catheterization in the current era. Background: Pedatric cardiac catheterization is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Although in the last decade, there have been significant improvements in technology and equipment, the risk for complications remains, adversely effecting outcomes. Design: The clinical records of 11,073 children undergoing cardiac catheterizations between January 1994 and March 2006 were reviewed to identify procedures associated with complications within the first 24 h after catheterization. All children's electronic and paper chart records were reviewed to obtain demographic, procedural, and treatment data. Results: A total of 858 (7.3%) complications (classified as major or minor) occurred in 816 studies (510 males, 63%), in children ranging in age from 8 h to 20 years (median 4.13 years). There were 195 major (22%) and 663 (78%) minor complications. Vascular complications represented the majority (n = 278; 32.4%) and were major in 53 instances (P < 0.0001). Twenty‐five children died within 24 h (0.23% of total case numbers). Independent risk factors for a complication included young patient age (<6 months), male gender, inpatient status, and year of catheterization. Conclusions: Complications continue to be associated with pedatric cardiac catheterization, although overall incidence appears to be decreasing. Patient age, gender, and inpatient status continue to be risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Efforts at improving equipment for flexibility and size, and developing strategies for the use of alternative methods for catheter access should be encouraged. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous coronary intervention using a novel 4‐French coronary accessor
Authors: Takeshita Satoshi , Shiono Takaaki , Takagi Ayumu , Ito Takenari , Saito Shigeru 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a guiding catheter with small diameters may have a favorable impact on vascular access complications and patient morbidity. Here, we report the initial results of PCI using a 4‐Fr coronary accessor. Methods: A total of 31 patients underwent 4‐Fr PCI. Exclusion criteria for 4‐Fr PCI were (1) lesions associated with large side branches requiring wire protection or kissing balloon technique and (2) planned use of angioplasty devices which were not compatible with 4‐Fr catheter. Results: A total of 36 lesions, including 4 chronic total occlusions (CTO), were treated. Access sites included radial artery in 19 patients (61%), brachial artery in 8 (26%), and femoral artery in 4 (13%). Four‐Fr PCI was successful in 34 of 36 lesions (94%) in 29 of 31 patients (94%). One of the two unsuccessful patients was a case of CTO, and the other a case of tortuous right coronary artery. In both, crossover to a 6‐Fr PCI was necessary. Among successfully treated 34 lesions of the 29 patients, coronary stents were deployed in 30 lesions (88%). There were no stent dislodgements or inadequate contrast opacification. No access‐site related complications including radial artery occlusion were observed. Conclusions: PCI with a 4‐Fr coronary accessor is a viable alternative to the use of larger guide catheters. The advent of 4‐Fr stent delivery system may afford a less invasive approach for the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PFO closure complications from the AGA registry
Authors: Amin Zahid , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Bass John L. , Cheatham John P. , Hellenbrand William , Kleinman Charles S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate all complications that occurred during or after cardiac catheterizations for Amplatzer PFO device closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO), determine the cause of the complications and recommend techniques to minimize complications in the future. Background: Rare complications were reported to the manufacturer of the Amplatzer PFO occluder since the introduction of the device. Methods: A panel of independent physicians reviewed all complications reported to the manufacturer to determine whether the complication was related to the device or related to the cardiac catheterization procedure. Demographic data, echocardiograms, operative reports, and time to occurrence of complications were reviewed. Results: A total of 11 events were reported. Only two patients had device related complications (erosion), an incidence of 0.018%. Two patients were found to have additional atrial septal defect after PFO closure. Two patients were thought to have an inflammatory reaction without any serious sequelae. Five complications were related to the cardiac catheterization procedure (atrial appendage perforation). Conclusions: Device related complications after Amplatzer PFO occluder placement are extremely rare. Cardiac catheterization related complications appear to be the most common cause of the hemodynamic compromise. Careful manipulation of catheters and wires, recognition of the location of the catheter by fluoroscopy and echocardiography will decrease the risk of such complications. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Immunochemical characterization of S‐linked Glycoconjugate Vaccines against Candida albicans
Authors: Wu Xiangyang , Lipinski Tomasz , Paszkiewicz Eugenia , Bundle David R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractReplacement of the glycosidic oxygen atom by a sulphur atom is a promising technique for creating glycoconjugates with increased resistance to hydrolysis by endogenous glycosidases. The synthesis and antigenic properties of two distinct (1→2)‐β‐mannan trisaccharides with inter residue‐S‐linked mannopyranose residues are described. Syntheses were based on an oxidation–reduction strategy to construct the O‐linked β‐mannopyranoside bonds and a SN2 inversion to provide 1‐thio‐β‐mannopyranoside residues. Subsequently the allyl trisaccharide glycosides were subjected to photo addition with cysteine amine and coupled to tetanus toxoid and bovine serum albumin with good efficiency via an adipic acid tether. Rabbit immunization studies revealed that the antibodies elicited by the two glycoconjugates were able to recognize the corresponding O‐linked trisaccharide epitope conjugated to BSA and the native cell wall antigen of Candida albicans.
Endohexosaminidase‐Catalysed Glycosylation with Oxazoline Donors: Fine Tuning of Catalytic Efficiency and Reversibility
Authors: Rising Thomas W. D. F. , Heidecke Christoph D. , Moir James W. B. , Ling Zhenlian , Fairbanks Antony J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA complete series of oxazoline di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, and hexasaccharides, corresponding to the core sections of N‐linked glycoprotein high mannose glycans, together with the corresponding oligosaccharides containing a central glucose unit, were synthesised and tested as glycosyl donors for glycosylation of a GlcNAcAsn glycosyl amino acid catalysed by the endohexosaminidases M (Endo M), A (Endo A) and H (Endo H). Whilst Endo H did not catalyse any glycosylation reactions, both Endo M and Endo A efficiently catalysed glycosylations that were not limited to donors containing the Manβ(1→4)GlcNAc linkage. Precise structure activity relationships and time course studies have revealed fine‐tuning of the efficiency of the synthetic processes which correlated both with the enzyme used and the precise oxazoline structure. Efficient irreversible glycosylation was achievable with both Endo M and Endo A, further demonstrating the use of structurally modified oxazoline donors as transition state mimics in order to promote enzyme‐catalysed synthesis, whilst precluding product hydrolysis; enzymes in these cases display “glycoligase” activity.
Effects of Geometric Isomerism and Anions on the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Stepwise Formation of Long‐Range DNA Interstrand Cross‐Links by Dinuclear Platinum Antitumor Complexes
Authors: Zhang Junyong , Thomas Donald S. , Berners‐Price Susan J. , Farrell Nicholas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractReported herein is a detailed study of the kinetics and mechanism of formation of a 1,4‐GG interstrand cross‐link by the dinuclear platinum anticancer compound [15N][{cis‐PtCl(NH3)2}2{μ‐NH2(CH2)6NH2}]2+(1,1/c,c(1)). The reaction of [15N]1with 5′‐{d(ATATGTACATAT)2} (I) has been studied by [1H,15N] HSQC NMR spectroscopy in the presence of different concentrations of phosphate. In contrast with the geometrictransisomer (1,1/t,t), there was no evidence for an electrostatic preassociation of 1,1/c,cwith the polyanionic DNA surface, and the pseudo‐first‐order rate constant for the aquation of [15N]1was actually slightly higher (rather than lower) than that in the absence of DNA. When phosphate is absent, the overall rate of formation of the cross‐link is quite similar for the two geometric isomers, occurring slightly faster for 1,1/t,t. A major difference in the DNA binding pathways is the observation of phosphate‐bound intermediates only in the case of 1,1/c,c. 15 mMphosphate causes a dramatic slowing in the overall rate of formation of DNA interstrand cross‐links due to both the slow formation and slow closure of the phosphate‐bound monofunctional adduct. A comparison of the molecular models of the bifunctional adducts of the two isomers shows that helical distortion is minimal and globally the structures of the 1,4 interstrand cross‐links are quite similar. The effect of carrier ligand was investigated by similar studies of the ethylenediamine derivative [15N]1‐en. A pKavalue of 5.43 was determined for the [15N]1,1/c,c‐en diaquated species. The rate of reaction of [15N]1‐enwith duplexIis similar to that of 1,1/c,cand the overall conformation of the final adduct appears to be similar. The significance of these results to the development of “second‐generation” polynuclear platinum clinical candidates based on the 1,1/c,cchelate (dach) series is discussed.