bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Tumor Cells and Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Rolling Christina C. , Mohme Malte , Bokemeyer Carsten , Westphal Manfred , Riethdorf Sabine , Lamszus Katrin , Pantel Klaus , Klingler Felix , Langer Florian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPatients with glioblastoma (GBM) are at increased risk for arterial and venous thromboembolism (TE). Risk factors include surgery, the use of corticosteroids, radiation, and chemotherapy, but also prothrombotic characteristics of the tumor itself such as expression of tissue factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, or podoplanin. Although distant metastases are extremely rare in this tumor entity, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been detected in a significant proportion of GBM patients, potentially linking local tumor growth characteristics to systemic hypercoagulability. We performed post hoc analysis of a study, in which GBM patients had been investigated for CTCs. Information on TE was retrieved from electronic patient charts. In total, 133 patients (median age, 63 years; interquartile range, 53–70 years) were analyzed. During follow-up, TE was documented in 14 patients (11%), including 8 venous and 6 arterial events. CTCs were detected in 26 patients (20%). Four (15%) patients with CTCs had a TE compared with 10 (9%) patients without CTCs. There was no difference in the frequency of TE events between patients with and those without detectable CTCs (p = 0.58). In summary, although our study confirms a high risk of TE in GBM patients, it does not point to an obvious association between CTCs and vascular thrombosis.
S3-Leitlinie Heimenterale und heimparenterale Ernährung der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM)
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C. , Arends Jann , Decker-Baumann Christiane , Hütterer Elisabeth , Koch Sebastian , Mühlebach Stefan , Roetzer Ingeborg , Schneider Andrea , Seipt Claudia , Simanek Ralph , Stanga Zeno 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungMedizinische Ernährungstherapie, die enterale und parenterale Ernährung umfasst,
ist ein wesentlicher Teil der Ernährungstherapie. Medizinische
Ernährungstherapie beschränkt sich nicht auf die Krankenhausbehandlung, sondern
kann effektiv und sicher auch zu Hause eingesetzt werden. Dadurch hat sich der
Stellenwert der Medizinischen Ernährungstherapie deutlich erhöht und ist zu
einem wichtigen Bestandteil der Therapie vieler chronischer Erkrankungen
geworden. Für Menschen mit chronischem Darmversagen, z. B. wegen Kurzdarmsyndrom
ist die Medizinische Ernährungstherapie sogar lebensrettend. In der Leitlinie
wird die Evidenz für die Medizinische Ernährungstherapie in 161 Empfehlungen
dargestellt. Die Leitlinie wendet sich in erster Linie an Ärzte,
Ernährungsfachkräfte und Pflegekräfte, sie dient der Information für
Pharmazeuten und anderes Fachpersonal, kann aber auch für den interessierten
Laien hilfreich sein.
Looking Beyond Mortality Prediction: Primary Care Physician Views of Patients' Palliative Care Needs Predicted by a Machine Learning Tool
Authors: Rotenstein Lisa , Wang Liqin , Zupanc Sophia N. , Penumarthy Akhila , Laurentiev John , Lamey Jan , Farah Subrina , Lipsitz Stuart , Jain Nina , Bates David W. , Zhou Li , Lakin Joshua R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives To assess primary care physicians' (PCPs) perception of the need for serious illness conversations (SIC) or other palliative care interventions in patients flagged by a machine learning tool for high 1-year mortality risk.
Methods We surveyed PCPs from four Brigham and Women's Hospital primary care practice sites. Multiple mortality prediction algorithms were ensembled to assess adult patients of these PCPs who were either enrolled in the hospital's integrated care management program or had one of several chronic conditions. The patients were classified as high or low risk of 1-year mortality. A blinded survey had PCPs evaluate these patients for palliative care needs. We measured PCP and machine learning tool agreement regarding patients' need for an SIC/elevated risk of mortality.
Results Of 66 PCPs, 20 (30.3%) participated in the survey. Out of 312 patients evaluated, 60.6% were female, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 69.3 (17.5) years, and a mean (SD) Charlson Comorbidity Index of 2.80 (2.89). The machine learning tool identified 162 (51.9%) patients as high risk. Excluding deceased or unfamiliar patients, PCPs felt that an SIC was appropriate for 179 patients; the machine learning tool flagged 123 of these patients as high risk (68.7% concordance). For 105 patients whom PCPs deemed SIC unnecessary, the tool classified 83 as low risk (79.1% concordance). There was substantial agreement between PCPs and the tool (Gwet's agreement coefficient of 0.640).
Conclusions A machine learning mortality prediction tool offers promise as a clinical decision aid, helping clinicians pinpoint patients needing palliative care interventions.
The use of the non-lexical sound öö in Hungarian same-turn self-repair
Authors: Németh Zsuzsanna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the use of the non-lexical schwa-like sound öö in three Hungarian
self-initiated same-turn self-repair phenomena, namely, searching, replacing, and searching converted into aborting. Since
self-repair inherently prevents the turn from progressing towards possible completion, by deploying the non-lexical
öö in the course of the three repair operations, speakers can vocalize and promise continuation without
producing lexical elements. Öö thus serves as a delaying technique and an indication that the speaker is aware of
the obligation to make the unit-under-way recognizably complete, and is ready to satisfy this obligation. When the
turn-in-progress is halted and verbally marked with öö in the course of the three repair operations under
investigation, the speaker displays to the other participants that the turn is problematic in some respects, but she is ready to
attend to the problem in order to produce a recognizably complete action.
Intestinal nematode infections in Turkish military dogs with special reference to Toxocara canis
Authors: Senlik B. , Cirak V.Y. , Karabacak A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe prevalence and potential zoonotic risk factors of intestinal nematodes of military working dogs, which are used for different military purposes, were assessed. Faecal samples from 352 defined-breed Turkish military dogs were investigated and 107 (30.4%) dogs were found to be infected with one or two nematode species. The following nematodes, with their respective prevalences, were diagnosed in the faecal samples: Toxascaris leonina (21.8%), Toxocara canis (13.3%), Trichuris vulpis (2.9%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (1.2%). Toxocara canis infections were more frequently seen in puppies (0–6 months old). The prevalence of T. canis was significantly higher in male than in female dogs and also higher in dogs which were exercised daily than in those without exercise. The highest prevalence was found in Belgian malinois breed dogs. Toxocara canis infections were not influenced by the floor type of the kennels (i.e. concrete or soil floor). There was no difference in the occurrence of T. canis infection when the last anthelmintic treatment was carried out less or more than 3 months prior to sampling. It is suggested that T. canis infected military dogs would be a threat not only for dog trainers but also for military personnel, notably during national and international operations.
Epidemiological survey of Trichinella infection in domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic animals from Argentina
Authors: Krivokapich S.J. , Molina V. , Bergagna H.F.J. , Guarnera E.A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe presence of Trichinella larvae was investigated in 247 samples taken from domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic animals, collected during 1996 to 2005 in 12 endemic provinces of Trichinella infection in Argentina. Muscle larvae of Trichinella from 65 infected animals were identified at the species level by single larva nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique based on the variability within the expansion segment V (ESV) region of the ribosomal DNA. Trichinella infections were found in 97 of 164 pigs, 38 of 56 pork products, two domestic dogs, one domestic cat, 7 of 11 armadillos and 3 of 9 synanthropic rats. All Trichinella isolates were identified as Trichinella spiralis by nested PCR. These findings add new data on the epidemiology of trichinellosis and should be considered when implementing new strategies to control this zoonosis.
The proportion of liver excised in Algerian abattoirs is not a good indicator of Fasciola hepatica infections in local cattle breeds
Authors: Mekroud A. , Titi A. , Benakhla A. , Rondelaud D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClinical and serological investigations on 175 cattle were carried out in 1999 at the slaughterhouse of Jijel, northeastern Algeria, to verify if partial ablation of a liver infected with Fasciola hepatica represents a good epidemiological indicator in the case of fasciolosis, as partial excision of the liver is widespread throughout North African countries. This study was also performed to determine if there is a direct relationship between the quantity of liver confiscated for fasciolosis and the serological response of slaughtered animals. A significant relationship between highly infected livers and positive serological titres was noted. However, two groups of results were conflicting: the presence of macroscopically healthy, undamaged livers with a positive serology (8.3% of 120 cattle), or the existence of highly damaged livers with a negative serology (13.0% of 31 cattle). These results indicate that partial removal of the liver in the case of fasciolosis is unreliable, so this method does not represent a good tool to establish epidemiological data on this disease.
Determinants of parasite species richness on small taxonomical and geographical scales: Lamellodiscus monogeneans of northwestern Mediterranean sparid fish
Authors: Desdevises Y. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeterminants of parasite species richness have been investigated in a host–parasite system comprising fish of the family Sparidae and their monogenean gill ectoparasites of the genus Lamellodiscus. This study was carried out on a small geographical scale in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Host phylogenetic relationships were taken into account by phylogenetic eigenvector regression which required the reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree for the sparid fish species using mtDNA sequences. Several ecological variables potentially acting on Lamellodiscus species richness were considered. Host body size and host migratory behaviour appeared to be the main determinants of parasite species richness in this system. It is concluded that structuring of monogenean communities is controlled more by ecological than evolutionary factors.
Adaptive cascaded transformer U-Net for MRI brain tumor segmentation
Authors: Chen Bonian , Sun Qiule , Han Yutong , Liu Bin , Zhang Jianxin , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Brain tumor segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in assisting the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Recently, cascaded U-Net models have achieved excellent performance via conducting coarse-to-fine segmentation of MRI brain tumors. However, they are still restricted by obvious global and local differences among various brain tumors, which are difficult to solve with conventional convolutions. Approach. To address the issue, this study proposes a novel Adaptive Cascaded Transformer U-Net (ACTransU-Net) for MRI brain tumor segmentation, which simultaneously integrates Transformer and dynamic convolution into a single cascaded U-Net architecture to adaptively capture global information and local details of brain tumors. ACTransU-Net first cascades two 3D U-Nets into a two-stage network to segment brain tumors from coarse to fine. Subsequently, it integrates omni-dimensional dynamic convolution modules into the second-stage shallow encoder and decoder, thereby enhancing the local detail representation of various brain tumors through dynamically adjusting convolution kernel parameters. Moreover, 3D Swin-Transformer modules are introduced into the second-stage deep encoder and decoder to capture image long-range dependencies, which helps adapt the global representation of brain tumors. Main results. Extensive experiment results evaluated on the public BraTS 2020 and BraTS 2021 brain tumor data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of ACTransU-Net, with average DSC of 84.96% and 91.37%, and HD95 of 10.81 and 7.31 mm, proving competitiveness with the state-of-the-art methods. Significance. The proposed method focuses on adaptively capturing both global information and local details of brain tumors, aiding physicians in their accurate diagnosis. In addition, it has the potential to extend ACTransU-Net for segmenting other types of lesions. The source code is available at: https://github.com/chenbn266/ACTransUnet.
Identifiability of spatiotemporal tissue perfusion models
Authors: Shalom Eve S , Van Loo Sven , Khan Amirul , Sourbron Steven P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Standard models for perfusion quantification in DCE-MRI produce a bias by treating voxels as isolated systems. Spatiotemporal models can remove this bias, but it is unknown whether they are fundamentally identifiable. The aim of this study is to investigate this question in silico using one-dimensional toy systems with a one-compartment blood flow model and a two-compartment perfusion model. Approach. For each of the two models, identifiability is explored theoretically and in-silico for three systems. Concentrations over space and time are simulated by forward propagation. Different levels of noise and temporal undersampling are added to investigate sensitivity to measurement error. Model parameters are fitted using a standard gradient descent algorithm, applied iteratively with a stepwise increasing time window. Model fitting is repeated with different initial values to probe uniqueness of the solution. Reconstruction accuracy is quantified for each parameter by comparison to the ground truth. Main results. Theoretical analysis shows that flows and volume fractions are only identifiable up to a constant, and that this degeneracy can be removed by proper choice of parameters. Simulations show that in all cases, the tissue concentrations can be reconstructed accurately. The one-compartment model shows accurate reconstruction of blood velocities and arterial input functions, independent of the initial values and robust to measurement error. The two-compartmental perfusion model was not fully identifiable, showing good reconstruction of arterial velocities and input functions, but multiple valid solutions for the perfusion parameters and venous velocities, and a strong sensitivity to measurement error in these parameters. Significance. These results support the use of one-compartment spatiotemporal flow models, but two-compartment perfusion models were not sufficiently identifiable. Future studies should investigate whether this degeneracy is resolved in more realistic 2D and 3D systems, by adding physically justified constraints, or by optimizing experimental parameters such as injection duration or temporal resolution.
On the perturbation of the interferometric phase in interferometry-polarimetry of fusion plasmas
Authors: Giudicotti L , Zilli E , Fiorucci D , Contributors JET 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The perturbation of the interferometric phase is a corrective term of the measured phase shift that should be taken into account in the measurement of the electron line density in a combined interferometer-polarimeter for the diagnostics of the electron density and the magnetic field in a fusion plasma. In this paper we first review in detail the theory of this effect and present a new and complete derivation of it, which also accounts for some errors published in a previous paper. Then we consider this effect in the interferometer-polarimeter of three different plasma devices: RTP, JET and DTT and for each machine we calculate the expected phase perturbation for a typical plasma profile, especially with reference to the use of the popular three-wave technique for the polarization modulation of the input probing beam.
Dynamics of induced optical torque via optical vortex light
Authors: Askar Sh , Jasim D J , Al-Rubaye A H , Ochilov F , Singh R , Kumar A , Al-Tameemi A R , Rodriguez-Benites C , Alwaily E R , Alawadi A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamics of induced torque in Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers interacting with two weak optical vortex beams as well as a strong control field, exploring the impact of different system parameters such as control field intensity, detuning, magnetic field, and vortex beam strength. We find a dispersive torque behavior, indicating the sensitivity of NV centers to control parameters. Magnetic field induces level splitting, leading to a transformative effect on torque, with notable enhancements observed at specific intensities. Additionally, non-resonant torque is explored, demonstrating the controllability of torque peaks through magnetic field manipulation. Unequal strengths of vortex beams is found to yield substantial enhancements in torque. These results provide crucial insights into the induced torque dynamics in NV centers, presenting opportunities for optimized torque-based applications in quantum systems.
Experimental observation of Fermi-level flat band in novel kagome metal CeNi5
Authors: Chen 陈 Xue-Zhi 学智 , Wang 王 Le 乐 , Zhang 张 Shuai 帅 , Zhang 张 Ren-Jie 任杰 , Cheng 程 Yi-Wei 以伟 , Hu 胡 Yu-Dong 裕栋 , Meng 孟 Cheng-Nuo 承诺 , Liu 刘 Zheng-Tai 正太 , Lv 吕 Bai-Qing 佰晴 , Huang 黄 Yao-Bo 耀波 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Kagome materials are a class of material with a lattice structure composed of corner-sharing triangles that produce various exotic electronic phenomena, such as Dirac fermions, van Hove singularities, and flat bands. However, most of the known kagome materials have a flat band detached from the Fermi energy, which limits the investigation of the emergent flat band physics. In this work, by combining soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and the first-principles calculations, the electronic structure is investigated of a novel kagome metal CeNi5 with a clear dispersion along the kz
direction and a Fermi level flat band in the Γ–K–M–Γ plane. Besides, resonant ARPES experimental results indicate that the valence state of Ce ions is close to 4+, which is consistent with the transport measurement result. Our results demonstrate the unique electronic properties of CeNi5 as a new kagome metal and provide an ideal platform for exploring the flat band physics and the interactions between different types of flat bands by tuning the valence state of Ce ions.
Atomic transport dynamics in crossed optical dipole trap
Authors: Peng 彭 Peng 鹏 , Zhang 张 Zhengxi 正熙 , Fan 樊 Yaoyuan 耀塬 , Yin 殷 Guoling 国玲 , Mao 毛 Dekai 德凯 , Chen 陈 Xuzong 徐宗 , Xiong 熊 Wei 炜 , Zhou 周 Xiaoji 小计 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the dynamical evolution of cold atoms in crossed optical dipole trap theoretically and experimentally. The atomic transport process is accompanied by two competitive kinds of physical mechanics, atomic loading and atomic loss. The loading process normally is negligible in the evaporative cooling experiment on the ground, while it is significant in preparation of ultra-cold atoms in the space station. Normally, the atomic loading process is much weaker than the atomic loss process, and the atomic number in the central region of the trap decreases monotonically, as reported in previous research. However, when the atomic loading process is comparable to the atomic loss process, the atomic number in the central region of the trap will initially increase to a maximum value and then slowly decrease, and we have observed the phenomenon first. The increase of atomic number in the central region of the trap shows the presence of the loading process, and this will be significant especially under microgravity conditions. We build a theoretical model to analyze the competitive relationship, which coincides with the experimental results well. Furthermore, we have also given the predicted evolutionary behaviors under different conditions. This research provides a solid foundation for further understanding of the atomic transport process in traps. The analysis of loading process is of significant importance for preparation of ultra-cold atoms in a crossed optical dipole trap under microgravity conditions.
Effect of Hydroxy Gas Addition in Gasoline-ethanol Fuel Mixture on Performance of Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Rahman A , Asnawi  , Putra R , Islami N , Radian H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fossil fuel continues as primary energy source for the transportation industry, particularly for the fuel used in spark ignition (SI) engines. The use of biofuels such as bioethanol is a solution to the reliance on fossil fuels to reduce green-house gas emissions in the atmosphere and improve environmental air quality. However, the use of bioethanol as a fuel for the SI engine has limitations, such as a reduction in power produced as compared to pure gasoline due to the low energy input contained by bioethanol compared to gasoline. The objective of this study is to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the SI engine by adding Hydroxy (HHO) from water electrolysis to the gasoline-bioethanol mixture, allowing for increasing application of bioethanol at higher concentrations as an additive in future. The test was performed on a 155 cc SI engine equipped with an Engine Control Unit (ECU) to control the fuel injection. The pressure, temperature, oxygen, and throttle position sensors located on the engine and connected to a NI-MyRIO microcontroller. The injection duration of HHO gas based on the duration of gasoline fuel injection, both of fuel are injected through each injector at the intake manifold. The result shows the characteristics of HHO gas improved the disadvantages of biofuels, which have a lower heating value and higher flame speed of bioethanol and gasoline fuel. The presence of HHO gas into the bioethanol-gasoline blend affected to increase the produced power, torque and thermal efficiency of the SI engine. An increase in thermal efficiency at 9.16% obtained at concentration of 20% bioethanol and HHO.
Return Air Grille Position in a Cleanroom for Medicinal Packaging Using CFD Method
Authors: Lestari L , Permatasari R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A cleanroom is a highly controlled environment; therefore, air quality is of significant concern, and specific physical and microbiological requirements must meet the standard. In addition to the number of particles, another critical parameter in a cleanroom is temperature. USP (The United States Pharmacopeia) 797 recommends that the temperature of a cleanroom be around 20 °C. Air quality is achieved through several parameters and components, such as using a high-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA), the amount of fresh air entering the room, temperature, pressure difference, and airflow direction. In this study, the cooling load of the room for the filling and sealing process was calculated, and the airflow and temperature distribution patterns between two parameters of the return air grille (RAG) position were compared using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The first parameter, RAG 1, was placed above the ceiling, while the second parameter, RAG 2, was set on the sidewall. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the heat load generated from the room was 6.99 kW with a cooling coil capacity amounting to 10.77 kW. Moreover, the supply airflow rate was 371.66 l/s. Based on the results of the simulation modelling, it was found that the RAG positioned on the sidewall was more ideal than the RAG positioned above the ceiling since the temperature was more evenly distributed in the room where the RAG was positioned on the sidewall.