bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopathic callousness and perspective taking in pain processing: an ERP study
Authors: Branchadell Victoria , Poy Rosario , Ribes-Guardiola Pablo , Segarra Pilar , Moltó Javier 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Psychopathy is a multifaceted personality disorder characterized by distinct affective/interpersonal traits, including callousness–unemotionality/meanness, which are often considered the hallmarks of empathic deficits. It has been posited that the processing of others’ pain could play an important role in empathy capabilities. This study aimed to investigate the influence of perspective taking on electrocortical responses during pain processing in relation to psychopathic callousness. The late positive potential (LPP) —a well-established electrophysiological indicator of sustained attention to motivationally significant stimuli— was measured while 100 female undergraduates viewed images depicting bodily injuries while adopting an imagine–self or an imagine–other perspective. Callousness factor scores —computed as regression-based component scores from EFA on three relevant self-report measures of this dimension— predicted reduced LPP amplitudes to pain pictures under the imagine–other (but not imagine–self) perspective, even after controlling for other LPP conditions. This result suggests that high-callous individuals exhibit diminished brain responsiveness to others’ distress, potentially contributing to the empathic deficits observed in psychopathy. This finding highlights the usefulness of the LPP and perspective taking in studies on pain processing to refine our understanding of the low empathy characteristics of psychopathy in biobehavioral terms.
Changes in electroencephalographic microstates between evening and morning are associated with overnight sleep slow waves in healthy individuals
Authors: Keihani Ahmadreza , Mayeli Ahmad , Donati Francesco , Janssen Sabine A , Huston Chloe A , Colacot Rebekah M , Al Zoubi Obada , Murphy Michael , Ferrarelli Fabio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Microstates are semi-stable voltage topographies that account for most of electroencephalogram (EEG) variance. However, the impact of time of the day and sleep on microstates has not been examined. To address this gap, we assessed whether microstates differed between the evening and morning and whether sleep slow waves correlated with microstate changes in healthy participants.

Methods
Forty-five healthy participants were recruited. Each participant underwent 6 minutes of resting state EEG recordings in the evening and morning, interleaved by sleep EEGs. Evening-to-morning changes in microstate duration, coverage, and occurrence were assessed. Furthermore, correlation between microstate changes and sleep slow-wave activity (SWA) and slow-wave density (SWD) were performed.

Results
Two-way ANOVAs with microstate class (A, B, C, and D) and time (evening and morning) revealed significant microstate class × time interaction for duration (F(44) = 5.571, p = 0.002), coverage (F(44) = 6.833, p = 0.001), and occurrence (F(44) = 5.715, p = 0.002). Post hoc comparisons showed significant effects for microstate C duration (padj = 0.048, Cohen’s d = −0.389), coverage (padj = 0.002, Cohen’s d = −0.580), and occurrence (padj = 0.002, Cohen’s d = -0.606). Topographic analyses revealed inverse correlations between SWD, but not SWA, and evening-to-morning changes in microstate C duration (r = −0.51, padj = 0.002), coverage (r = −0.45, padj = 0.006), and occurrence (r = −0.38, padj = 0.033).

Conclusions
Microstate characteristics showed significant evening-to-morning changes associated with, and possibly regulated by, sleep slow waves. These findings suggest that future microstate studies should control for time of day and sleep effects.
Recent Progress in Photoreceptor Cell-Based Therapy for Degenerative Retinal Disease
Authors: Klymenko Valeriia , González Martínez Orlando G , Zarbin Marco A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are degenerative retinal diseases that cause severe vision loss. Early clinical trials involving transplantation of photoreceptors as treatment for these conditions are underway. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the field of photoreceptor transplantation, including some pertinent results regarding photoreceptor manufacture, photoreceptor transplantation, mechanisms of donor–host cell integration such as material transfer and photoreceptor transplant immunology. We conclude by proposing several approaches that may provide a rational basis for selecting a vision restoration strategy (eg, donor–host synapse formation vs donor–host nanotube formation) and improved transplant efficiency.
Osteology and phylogenetic position of Plagiosaurus depressus (Temnospondyli: Plagiosauridae) from the Late Triassic of Germany and the repeated loss of dermal bones in plagiosaurids
Authors: Witzmann Florian , Schoch Rainer R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The skull and postcranium of the Late Triassic plagiosaurid temnospondyl Plagiosaurus depressus from Halberstadt (Germany) are redescribed in detail. Plagiosaurus possesses two autapomorphies, the abbreviated tabular and the broad contact between the postorbital and parietal. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Plagiosauridae finds a clade Plagiosaurinae consisting of Plagiosaurus and Gerrothorax. Among other characters, both taxa share the solid box-like sides of the low pectoral girdle, the short but robust humerus with small deltopectoral crest and well-developed supinator process, and an anterodorsally directed lateral line sulcus close to the mandibular symphysis. Compared with Gerrothorax, the skull of Plagiosaurus is deeper and more slender, and the postfrontal is absent, meaning that the parietal forms the posteromedial margin of the enlarged orbit. This new interpretation of the bone configuration shows that reduction of circumorbital bones associated with orbital enlargement occurred three times independently within Plagiosauridae, albeit probably in different functional contexts. Our phylogenetic analysis further reveals the Plagiosuchinae (Plagioscutum + Plagiosuchus) as the most basal plagiosaurid clade, which, in turn, forms the sister group to Plagiosaurinae and Plagiosterninae (Plagiorophus + (Plagiosternum + Megalophthalma)). The mentioned shared derived characters of Plagiosaurinae in the pectoral girdle, forelimbs, and mandibular lateral lines suggest a similar benthonic lifestyle.
Conceptualizing Professional Identity Formation in Medicine
Authors: Sarraf-Yazdi Shiva , Goh Suzanne , Krishna Lalit 
Published: February 2024

The What
Professional Identity Formation (PIF) in medicine is the gradual transformation that occurs in the process of becoming a doctor, as professional values, beliefs, behaviors, relationships, roles, and responsibilities become integrated into an aggregate of existing identities.1 Conceptually, this process may be considered as a trajectory of self-perceived identities that transpires between an individual’s existing identity and an evolving, aspirational identity toward which the individual may strive.2 This process is individualized, yet contextual, psychosocially grounded, and subject to lifelong deconstruction and reconstruction depending on how the person experiences, and thus responds to, events.2

The So What
Faced with key transitions, conflicts, or crises, a medical student or physician may experience dissonance between their personal values and beliefs and their professional roles and expectations.1 If left unsupported (see light blue lines in graph below), this can challenge their sense of belonging or meaning, lower self-esteem or self-efficacy, or breed distress, burnout, or attrition. When recognized and supported (see dark blue line below), defining experiences can enhance tolerance for ambiguity, enable meaning-making, foster socialization into communities of learning or practice, and deepen enculturation and commitment to the profession.2

The What Now
PIF is implicitly a fundamental goal of medical education, necessitating institutional support along the medical education continuum.1-3
Teaching and Assessing Bedside Procedures: A Standardized Cross-Disciplinary Framework for Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Vohra Taher T. , Kinni Harish , Gardner-Gray Jayna , Giles Christopher D. , Hamam Mohamed S. , Folt Jason R. ,   the Henry Ford Hospital Bedside Procedure Task Force
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Performing bedside procedures requires knowledge, reasoning, physical adeptness, and self-confidence; however, no consensus on a specific, comprehensive strategy for bedside procedure training and implementation is available. Bedside procedure training and credentialing processes across large institutions may vary among departments and specialties, leading to variable standards, creating an environment that lacks consistent accountability, and making quality improvement difficult. In this Scholarly Perspective, the authors describe a standardized bedside procedure training and certification process for graduate medical education with a common, institution-wide educational framework for teaching and assessing the following 7 important bedside procedures: paracentesis; thoracentesis; central venous catheterization; arterial catheterization; bladder catheterization or Foley catheterization; lumbar puncture; and nasogastric, orogastric, and nasoenteric tube placement. The proposed framework is a 4-stage process that includes 1 preparatory learning stage with simulation practice for knowledge acquisition and 3 clinical stages to guide learners from low-risk to high-risk practice and from high to low supervision. The pilot rollout took place at Henry Ford Hospital from December 2020 to July 2021 for 165 residents in the emergency medicine and/or internal medicine residency programs. The program was fully implemented institution-wide in July 2021. Assessment strategies encompass critical action checklists to confirm procedural understanding and a global rating scale to measure performance quality. A major aim of the bedside procedure training and certification was to standardize assessments so that physician trainers from multiple specialties could train, assess, and supervise any participating trainee, regardless of discipline. The authors list considerations revealed from the pilot rollout regarding electronic tracking systems and several benefits and implementation challenges to establishing institution-wide standards. The proposed framework was assembled by a multidisciplinary physician task force and will assist other institutions in adopting best approaches for training physicians in performing these critically important and difficult-to-perform procedures.
A Role for Thyroid Testing in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis? 32% Rate of Abnormal Values in Tested Patients
Authors: Nielsen Ena , Leiby Braeden , Blumberg Todd J. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Hypothyroidism is a known risk factor for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), and prior studies of hypothyroid-associated SCFE have demonstrated an incidence of up to 6%. However, there is limited evidence and no formal practice guidelines regarding whether patients presenting with SCFE should undergo screening for endocrine disorders. This study aims to investigate the incidence of abnormal thyroid function studies in patients presenting with SCFE.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of all patients aged 0 to 18 years treated for SCFE at a single pediatric hospital from January 2015 to July 2022. On presentation, patients’ BMI, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, vitamin D, creatinine, BUN, and HbA1c levels were documented. Follow-up and treatment for any identified endocrinopathies were noted. In addition, the chronicity, stability, and severity of their slips were recorded.

Results:
Ninety-eight patients with 106 hips were included in this study. TSH was obtained at the time of initial presentation in 66% (n=65/98) of patients. Median TSH was 2.99 (range: 0.02 to 919, std dev: 132.4). The normal reference range for our institution is 0.5 to 4.5 mcIU/mL. Thirty-two percent (n=21/65) of patients with a documented TSH had an abnormal value. Of those patients who had an elevated TSH, 3 were diagnosed with clinical hypothyroidism and went on to treatment with levothyroxine (n=3/19, 16%), 2 patients had been started on levothyroxine before presentation (n=2/19, 11%), and 2 patients were followed in endocrinology clinic until their TSH levels had normalized without further intervention (n=2/19, 11%).

Conclusions:
Screening of our SCFE population revealed a 32% incidence of thyroid abnormalities which affected treatment in 24% of those patients. This is a much higher incidence of hypothyroid-associated SCFE than previously demonstrated in the literature and has prompted us to start including thyroid screening studies as a routine part of our workup for all patients with SCFE.

Level of evidence:
Level III.
Does Systemic Metformin Have a Role in Treating Melasma?
Authors: Ismail Sahar A. , Mohamed Ghada A. , Mohamedeen Karima N. , Sotohy Rehab S.A. , Bakr Radwa M. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Melasma is a common pigmentary condition that affects the patients' quality of life and all the prescribed treatment options till now are not satisfactory, especially in dark-skinned patients.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of systemic metformin (1,000 mg and 500 mg) combined with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peeling versus TCA alone in the treatment of melasma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study included 60 melasma patients divided into 3 groups: Group A received systemic metformin (1000 mg/d), Group B received systemic metformin (500 mg/d) and Group C received placebo. The 3 treatment groups were treated by TCA 25% over the whole face bimonthly for a total of 6 sessions. Melasma area and severity index (MASI), and Melasma impact Quality of life Scale (MELASQOL) were used to assess the outcome.

RESULTS
There was a statistically significant decrease in the MASI, and the MELASQOL in the 3 studied groups after treatment with significantly better improvement in Group (A) than Group (C) (p = .045).

CONCLUSION
Systemic metformin is a safe and promising therapeutic option for treating melasma.
Reproductive Decision Making of Spanish Women Living With HIV: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Huertas-Zurriaga Ariadna , Alonso-Fernández Sergio , Leyva-Moral Juan M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The process of reproductive decision making among women living with HIV is intricate and multifaceted, influenced by health considerations, societal factors, and personal values. In this study, we employed Charmaz's Constructivist Grounded Theory to understand how Spanish women living with HIV make decisions regarding reproduction. We conducted 26 face-to-face interviews until data saturation was achieved. Findings suggested that social constructs such as femininity and motherhood play a significant role in the reproductive decision-making process for women living with HIV. The women's beliefs about HIV, doubts, marginalizing situations, and health barriers create challenges to making reproductive decisions. These findings provide valuable implications for designing care plans that meet the unique sexual and reproductive health needs of women with HIV. An integrated and comprehensive multidisciplinary counseling approach is necessary to improve the quality of care.
Implementing a Critical Thinking Tool to Evaluate Educational Needs for Inpatient Rehabilitation Nurses
Authors: Hill Cynthia , Stutzman Sonja E. , Nairon Emerson B. , Vashisht Ayushi , Olson DaiWai M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Most critical thinking assessment tools are resource intensive and require significant time and money to administer. Moreover, these tools are not tailored to evaluate critical thinking skills among inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) nurses. This pilot study explores the efficacy of using short videos to evaluate critical thinking for nurses working in an IRF. METHODS: We developed and filmed 3 clinical scenarios representative of common IRF events that require critical thinking on behalf of the nurse. Thirty-one IRF nurses participated in the study and independently scored their own critical thinking skills using a visual analog scale. Using the same scale, nurse managers and assistant managers who worked closely with the nurses also rated the critical thinking ability of each nurse. The nurse then viewed and responded in narrative form to each of the 3 videos. A scoring rubric was used to independently evaluate the critical thinking skills for each nurse based on the nurses' responses. RESULTS: Nurses rated their own critical thinking skills higher than mangers rated them (m = 85.23 vs 62.89). There was high interrater reliability for scoring video 1k (0.65), video 2k (0.90), and video 3k (0.84). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate efficacy for further study of low-cost alternatives to evaluate critical thinking among neuroscience nurses providing IRF care.
Association between fecal short-chain fatty acid levels and constipation severity in subjects with slow transit constipation
Authors: Chen Qi , Chen Die , Gao Xiangyue , Jiang Ya , Yu Ting , Jiang Liuqin , Tang Yurong 
Published: February 2024

Objective
We measured the fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in subjects with slow transit constipation (STC) and assessed the correlation between SCFA levels and disease severity as well as quality of life.

Methods
We isolated the supernatant from fecal samples of healthy and STC subjects and measured the SCFA levels. To assess the correlation between fecal SCFA levels and disease severity as well as quality of life, we used the Constipation Scoring System, Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms, and Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaires.

Results
16 STC subjects and 16 healthy controls were enrolled. STC subjects had lower SCFA levels, but the difference was not statistically significant (475.85 ± 251.68 vs. 639.77 ± 213.97 µg/ml, P = 0.056). Additionally, STC subjects had lower acetic and propionic acid levels (149.06 ± 88.54 vs. 261.33 ± 109.75 µg/ml and 100.60 ± 60.62 vs. 157.34 ± 66.37 µg/ml, respectively, P < 0.05) and higher isobutyric and isovaleric acid levels (27.21 ± 15.06 vs. 18.16 ± 8.65 µg/ml and 31.78 ± 18.81 vs. 16.90 ± 10.05 µg/ml, respectively, P < 0.05). At 252.21 µg/ml acetic acid, the specificity and sensitivity to distinguish healthy from STC subjects were 93.7% and 56.3%, respectively. In STC subjects, there were significant negative correlations between acetic and propionic acid levels and Constipation Scoring System scores.

Conclusion
Fecal SCFA, acetic acid, and propionic acid levels decreased in STC subjects. There were significant negative correlations between the levels of the two acids and constipation severity.
Developmental regulation of primitive erythropoiesis
Authors: Rossmann Marlies P. , Palis James 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
In this review, we present an overview of recent studies of primitive erythropoiesis, focusing on advances in deciphering its embryonic origin, defining species-specific differences in its developmental regulation, and better understanding the molecular and metabolic pathways involved in terminal differentiation.

Recent findings
Single-cell transcriptomics combined with state-of-the-art lineage tracing approaches in unperturbed murine embryos have yielded new insights concerning the origin of the first (primitive) erythroid cells that arise from mesoderm-derived progenitors. Moreover, studies examining primitive erythropoiesis in rare early human embryo samples reveal an overall conservation of primitive erythroid ontogeny in mammals, albeit with some interesting differences such as localization of erythropoietin (EPO) production in the early embryo. Mechanistically, the repertoire of transcription factors that critically regulate primitive erythropoiesis has been expanded to include regulators of transcription elongation, as well as epigenetic modifiers such as the histone methyltransferase DOT1L. For the latter, noncanonical roles aside from enzymatic activity are being uncovered. Lastly, detailed surveys of the metabolic and proteomic landscape of primitive erythroid precursors reveal the activation of key metabolic pathways such as pentose phosphate pathway that are paralleled by a striking loss of mRNA translation machinery.

Summary
The ability to interrogate single cells in vivo continues to yield new insights into the birth of the first essential organ system of the developing embryo. A comparison of the regulation of primitive and definitive erythropoiesis, as well as the interplay of the different layers of regulation – transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic – will be critical in achieving the goal of faithfully generating erythroid cells in vitro for therapeutic purposes.
Liquid Biopsy for Pancreatic Cancer by Serum Extracellular Vesicle–Encapsulated Long Noncoding RNA HEVEPA
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Inuzuka Tatsutoshi , Shimizu Yuta , Sawamoto Kazuki , Taniue Kenzui , Ono Yusuke , Asai Fumi , Koyama Kazuya , Sato Hiroki , Kawabata Hidemasa , Iwamoto Hidetaka , Yamakita Keisuke , Kitano Yohei , Teramoto Takashi , Fujiya Mikihiro , Fujii Satoshi , Mizukami Yusuke , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclear. Extracellular vesicle (EV)–encapsulated RNAs could be effective targets for liquid biopsy. We aimed to identify previously unknown EV-encapsulated lncRNAs in PDAC and establish highly accurate methods for isolating EVs.

Materials and Methods
Extracellular vesicles were isolated using existing and newly developed methods, namely, PEViA-UC and PEViA-IP, from serum samples of 20 patients with PDAC, 22 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, and 21 healthy individuals. Extracellular vesicle lncRNA expression was analyzed using digital PCR.

Results
Gene expression analysis using cDNA microarray revealed a highly expressed lncRNA, HEVEPA, in serum EVs from patients with PDAC. We established PEViA-UC and PEViA-IP using PEViA reagent, ultracentrifugation, and immunoprecipitation. Although detection of EV-encapsulated HEVEPA using existing methods is challenging, PEViA-UC and PEViA-IP detected EV HEVEPA, which was highly expressed in patients with PDAC compared with non-PDAC patients. The detection sensitivity for discriminating PDAC from non-PDAC using the combination of HEVEPA and HULC, which are highly expressed lncRNAs in PDAC, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), was higher than that of HEVEPA, HULC, or CA19-9 alone.

Conclusions
Extracellular vesicle lncRNAs isolated using PEViA-IP and CA19-9 together could be effective targets in liquid biopsy for PDAC diagnosis.
Narcissistic Trauma
Authors: Spytska Liana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Narcissistic trauma can lead to disruption of the personality functioning system. Therefore, it is important to study the persons who have it, their traits, the sphere of relationships, and strategies of social adaptation. The research aims to study narcissism indicators among individuals with narcissistic trauma diagnosed during a therapeutic conversation to identify its connection with loneliness, life satisfaction, and communication style. The empirical research involved 32 people who sought psychotherapeutic help. All participants provided written consent to participate in the research. A clinical methodology was used to identify the degree of personal narcissism—the Narcissism Assessment Test. The study of the dominant style of social interaction revealed the dominance of two opposite styles: straightforward-aggressive and responsible-generous. Thus, narcissistic trauma is likely to lead to dysfunction of the self-system, and the ability to enjoy life and communication. The data obtained can be useful for both theoretical psychologists and psychotherapists.