bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La influencia del aprendizaje automático en el futuro del análisis de tiempo estático
Authors: Torres Tello Julio 
Published: April 2024

Introducción. El Análisis de Tiempo Estático (ATS), fundamental en el diseño de circuitos integrados, implica evaluar el rendimiento temporal de circuitos digitales bajo diversas condiciones para cumplir ciertas restricciones, mediante simulación. A pesar de su importancia, el ATS tradicional enfrenta varias limitaciones a la hora de considerar en sus modelos la creciente complejidad del proceso de fabricación de circuitos integrados. La inclusión de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) se vislumbra como una solución prometedora para mejorar la precisión y eficiencia del ATS, reduciendo así los ciclos de diseño en la industria electrónica. Objetivo. Estudiar la influencia que tiene en la actualidad, y que puede tener a futuro la inclusión de la IA para la optimización del ATS, y por lo tanto para reducir los ciclos de diseño en la industria de la electrónica. Metodología. La IA se ha integrado en el Análisis de Tiempo Estático (ATS), mejorando la precisión y eficiencia al estimar retrasos, modelar variaciones de proceso y optimizar rutas y procesos de síntesis. Esta integración permite abordar la complejidad y variabilidad de los circuitos integrados modernos, acelerando la convergencia del diseño, reduciendo iteraciones y mejorando la calidad del diseño. Además, IA se aplica en la caracterización del modelo para ATS, utilizando simulaciones adaptativas para acelerar el proceso de verificación y reducir significativamente el tiempo de comercialización, crucial en la industria de semiconductores. En este artículo se hace una revisión del estado actual y las proyecciones a futuro del aporte de la IA en el ATS. Discusión. El futuro del ATS promete una serie de avances que buscan mejorar sus capacidades y abordar los desafíos emergentes en el diseño de circuitos integrados. Estos desarrollos incluyen una mayor integración con el Aprendizaje Automático (ML) para mejorar la precisión y eficiencia. Con la evolución hacia nodos de proceso más pequeños, el ATS deberá adaptarse para manejar la mayor complejidad y variabilidad introducida, posiblemente empleando algoritmos de ML más sofisticados. Además, se espera que el ATS se enfoque más en consideraciones de potencia y confiabilidad, incorporando métricas adicionales y análisis de datos más complejos, posiblemente con la ayuda de la IA, para garantizar la eficiencia energética y la robustez contra problemas de confiabilidad. Conclusión. El futuro del ATS se perfila hacia una constante innovación y adaptación para satisfacer las cambiantes necesidades de la industria de semiconductores. Aprovechando avances tecnológicos y metodológicos, el ATS jugará un papel crucial en asegurar la entrega puntual de diseños de circuitos integrados de alto rendimiento y fiabilidad. Dada la capacidad de optimización y análisis de datos de la IA, su potencial revolucionario en el ATS es considerable, especialmente ante la creciente inclusión de requisitos cada vez más exigentes. Área de la ciencia: ingeniería electrónica.
Perlindungan Hukum oleh Pemerintah terhadap Perkawinan Masyarakat Adat
Authors: Mujahidin Imamul Mujahidin 
Published: April 2024

The traditional marriage of the Samin tribe in Kudus Regency shows that there are marriages that cannot be registered with the Population Administration. The researcher found that the Samin tribe in Kudus Regency could not register their marriage, thus preventing them from obtaining civil rights. The main reason is that the religious identity on the KTP is written in Islam even though basically they are not Muslims.
This study aims to identify the factors that influence the reluctance of the Samin people to register marriages and the village government's efforts to legalize Samin people's customary marriages in the form of registering marriages without involving state officials.
This research is a qualitative field research and the data were obtained systematically directly from the field. This research descriptively examines observation data, interview results, and documents.
After a thorough examination, it can be concluded that the Samin tribal marriage custom is not considered legally binding in Indonesia because it does not involve a marriage registrar. However, the decision of the Constitutional Court which is identified with Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016 has provided a glimmer of hope for the Indonesian nation by allowing the inclusion of "Belief in the One and Only God" in the KTP religion column. This decision has allowed the Samin tribe to legally register their marriages with the registry, according to their customs.
Rapid transformation in aquatic food value chains in three Nigerian states
Authors: Liverpool-Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Wineman Ayala , Amadi Mark Umunna , Gona Ayuba , Emenekwe Chukwuemeka Chinonso , Fang Ming , Olunuga Olawale , Onyeneke Robert Ugochukwu , Norbert Sunday , Adenike Taiwo Mayomi , Reardon Thomas , Belton Ben 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionNigeria is Africa’s most populous country, third largest fish producer, and second largest aquaculture producer. There have been numerous studies of aquaculture and fisheries in Nigeria, but no study to date has analyzed aquaculture and capture fisheries value chains together, while giving equal weight to all value chain segments and systematically capturing information on temporal trends in value chain structure, conduct, and performance. This paper does so.MethodsWe conducted a structured, qualitative, rapid reconnaissance survey of 180 actors from eight segments of the aquatic food value chain in three Nigerian states with contrasting geographies, Ebonyi, Kebbi, and Oyo.ResultsResults particularly important for future research and policy are as follows. (1) Partial vertical integration is a common feature of the organization of firms in all value chain segments, as a risk reduction strategy to overcome market imperfections and frictions. Scarcity and high cost of imported intermediate inputs is stimulating local innovation and import substitution manufacturing of feeds and fabricated items. (2) Inter-sectoral spillovers from the poultry industry have hastened the development of fish value chains, while improvements in power supply have enabled the expansion of cold storage capacity, facilitating the geographical lengthening of frozen fish value chains. (3) Rapid technological and/or institutional change is occurring in all value chain segments, including those usually viewed as traditional, such as processing and fishing. Logistics services are becoming more specialized and sophisticated, and digital communications technologies including social media play an increasingly important role in value chain coordination and marketing. (4) Increasing opportunity costs of time drive demand for convenience foods such as smoked and fried fish, which require little further preparation and can be stored at room temperature. Demand for farmed catfish is linked to growing consumption of food away from home at bars and restaurants. (5) Significant opportunities exist to improve the performance of value chains in terms of gender equity, environmental impacts, and food safety.
Applying knowledge and experience from potato (Solanum tuberosum) to update genetic stability data requirements in the risk assessment for vegetatively propagated biotech crops
Authors: Pence Matthew G. , Koch Muffy , DeMond Jaylee , Rudgers Gary 
Published: April 2024

Regulatory agencies require data on genetic stability as part of the safety assessment for biotech crops, even though the genetic stability of a plant is not necessarily an environmental, human or animal health safety concern. While sexual reproduction has the potential to introduce genomic variation in conventionally bred and biotech crops, vegetative propagation is genetically stable. In vegetatively propagated crops, meiosis does not occur thus limiting the number of homologous recombination events that could lead to chromosomal rearrangements in progeny plants. Genetic stability data is often, but should not be, an automatic requirement for the safety assessment of vegetatively propagated biotech crops. Genetic stability data from biotech potato events has demonstrated that vegetative propagation of potato tubers does not affect the stability of introduced DNA sequences or lead to loss of trait efficacy. The knowledge and experience gained from over 30 years of assessing the safety of biotech crops can be used by regulatory authorities to eliminate data requirements that do not address environmental, food or feed safety concerns. As a first step, regulators should consider removing requirements for genetic stability as part of the safety review for vegetatively propagated biotech crops.
The impact of school climate on academic burnout of Chinese students: the mediating effect of psychological capital
Authors: Tang Xiao-ling 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundStudents are in their teenage years during middle school, which is a period of acceleration and transition for individual physical and mental development. Therefore, junior high school students are easily influenced by their internal and external environment, leading to academic burnout. The main activity venue for middle school students in school homework is the external environment that affects their academic performance. Psychological capital is the student’s own resource and the external environment that affects their academic performance.AimsThis study aims to explore the interrelationship among school atmosphere, psychological capital, and academic burnout, and construct a theoretical model among them. This study provides practical and feasible methods and guidance suggestions for educational institutions and teachers, helps students improve their mental health level, enhances the positive perception level of the school atmosphere, and alleviates their academic burnout.MethodsBuilding upon previous research on school climate, psychological capital, and academic burnout, this study employed the following research tools: The Perceived School Climate Questionnaire (PSC), the Positive Psychological Questionnaire (PPQ), and the High School Students’ Academic burnout Scale. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1,267 students from three different regions of Chongqing, involving various types of junior high schools.ResultsThe findings of this study demonstrate that both the external school climate and internal psychological capital exert an impact on academic burnout. A positive school climate can foster the development of psychological capital, subsequently enhancing academic performance. Additionally, psychological capital directly influences academic burnout. The higher the level of positivity is, the more pronounced the alleviating effect becomes. The school climate can directly affect academic burnout, and it can also indirectly affect academic burnout through the mediation of psychological capital, with psychological capital playing a partial mediating role.ConclusionTo avoid academic burnout, schools should actively create a good school atmosphere and mobilize students’ learning enthusiasm; teachers should provide targeted psychological counseling to reduce students’ negative emotional perception; students should correct their learning attitude and recognize their own learning status.
Trends of the prevalence rate of central lymph node metastasis and multifocality in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma after delayed thyroid surgery
Authors: Wang Pei , Dong Zhizhong , Zhao Shuyan , Su Yanjun , Zhang Jianming , Ma Yunhai , Diao Chang , Qian Jun , Cheng Ruochuan , Liu Wen 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundActive surveillance has been an option for patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, whether delayed surgery leads to an increased risk of local tumor metastasis remain unclear. We sought to investigate the impact of observation time on central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and multifocal disease in patients with low-risk PTC.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with asymptomatic low-risk PTC, and with a pathological maximum tumor size ≤1.5 cm by were included. The patients were classified into observation group and immediate surgery group, and subgroup analyses were conducted by observation time period. The prevalence of CLNM, lymph node (LN) involved &gt;5, multifocal PTC and bilateral multifocal PTC were considered as outcome variables. The changing trend and risk ratio of prevalence over observation time were evaluated by Mann-Kendall trend test and Logistics regression.ResultsOverall, 3,427 and 1,860 patients were classified to the observation group and immediate surgery group, respectively. Trend tests showed that decreasing trends both on the prevalence of CLNM and LN involved &gt;5 over the observation time, but the difference was not statistically significant, and the prevalence of multifocal PTC and bilateral multifocal PTC showed the significant decreasing trends. After adjustment, multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference between observed and immediate surgery groups in the four outcome variables.ConclusionIn patients with subclinical asymptomatic low-risk PTC, observation did not result in an increased incidence of local metastatic disease, nor did the increased surgery extent in patients with delayed surgery compared to immediate surgery. These findings can strengthen the confidence in the active surveillance management for both doctors and patients.
A novel dual mechanism-of-action bispecific PD-1-IL-2v armed by a “βγ-only” interleukin-2 variant
Authors: Jiang Yongji , Chen Chuyuan , Liu Yuan , Wang Rong , Feng Chuan , Cai Lili , Chang Shuang , Zhao Lei 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionInterleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the first cytokines to be discovered as an immune agonist for cancer immunotherapy. Biased IL-2 variants had been discovered to eliminate Treg activation or enhance the tumor specific T cell cytotoxicity. However, all the biased IL-2 variants pose the risk to overstimulate immune response at a low-dose range. Here, we introduce a novel dual-MOA bispecific PD-1-IL-2v molecule with great anti-tumor efficacy in a high dosed manner.MethodsThe novel IL-2 variant was designed by structural truncation and shuffling. The single armed bispecific PD-1-IL-2v molecule and IL-2v were studied by immune cell activations in vitro and in vivo and anti-tumor efficacy in mouse model.Results and discussionThe IL-2 variant in this bispecific antibody only binds to IL-2Rβγ complex in a fast-on/off manner without α, β or γ single receptor binding. This IL-2v mildly activates T and NK cells without over stimulation, meanwhile it diminishes Treg activation compared to the wild type IL-2. This unique bispecific molecule with “βγ-only” IL-2v can not only “in-cis” stimulate and expand CD8 T and NK cells moderately without Treg activation, but also block the PD-1/L1 interaction at a similar dose range with monoclonal antibody.
Abnormal cell sorting and altered early neurogenesis in a human cortical organoid model of Protocadherin-19 clustering epilepsy
Authors: Niu Wei , Deng Lu , Mojica-Perez Sandra P. , Tidball Andrew M. , Sudyk Roksolana , Stokes Kyle , Parent Jack M. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionProtocadherin-19 (PCDH19)-Clustering Epilepsy (PCE) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by loss-of-function variants of the PCDH19 gene on the X-chromosome. PCE affects females and mosaic males while male carriers are largely spared. Mosaic expression of the cell adhesion molecule PCDH19 due to random X-chromosome inactivation is thought to impair cell–cell interactions between mutant and wild type PCDH19-expressing cells to produce the disease. Progress has been made in understanding PCE using rodent models or patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, rodents do not faithfully model key aspects of human brain development, and patient iPSC models are limited by issues with random X-chromosome inactivation.MethodsTo overcome these challenges and model mosaic PCDH19 expression in vitro, we generated isogenic female human embryonic stem cells with either HA-FLAG-tagged PCDH19 (WT) or homozygous PCDH19 knockout (KO) using genome editing. We then mixed GFP-labeled WT and RFP-labeled KO cells and generated human cortical organoids (hCOs).ResultsWe found that PCDH19 is highly expressed in early (days 20–35) WT neural rosettes where it co-localizes with N-Cadherin in ventricular zone (VZ)-like regions. Mosaic PCE hCOs displayed abnormal cell sorting in the VZ with KO and WT cells completely segregated. This segregation remained robust when WT:KO cells were mixed at 2:1 or 1:2 ratios. PCE hCOs also exhibited altered expression of PCDH19 (in WT cells) and N-Cadherin, and abnormal deep layer neurogenesis. None of these abnormalities were observed in hCOs generated by mixing only WT or only KO (modeling male carrier) cells.DiscussionOur results using the mosaic PCE hCO model suggest that PCDH19 plays a critical role in human VZ radial glial organization and early cortical development. This model should offer a key platform for exploring mechanisms underlying PCE-related cortical hyperexcitability and testing of potential precision therapies.
Multi-layer CNN-LSTM network with self-attention mechanism for robust estimation of nonlinear uncertain systems
Authors: Liu Lin , Feng Jun , Li Jiwei , Chen Wanxin , Mao Zhizhong , Tan Xiaowei 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWith the help of robot technology, intelligent rehabilitation of patients with lower limb motor dysfunction caused by stroke can be realized. A key factor constraining the clinical application of rehabilitation robots is how to realize pattern recognition of human movement intentions by using the surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors to ensure unhindered human-robot interaction.MethodsA multilayer CNN-LSTM prediction network incorporating the self-attention mechanism (SAM) is proposed, in this paper, which can extract and learn the periodic and trend characteristics of the sEMG signals, and realize the accurate autoregressive prediction of the human motion information. Firstly, the multilayer CNN-LSTM network utilizes the CNN layer for initial feature extraction of data, and the LSTM network is used to improve the enhancement of the historical time-series features. Then, the SAM is used to improve the global feature extraction performance and parallel computation speed of the network.ResultsIn comparison with existing test is carried out using actual data from five healthy subjects as well as a clinical hemiplegic patient to verify the superiority and practicality of the proposed algorithm. The results show that most of the model’s prediction R &gt; 0.9 for different motion states of healthy subjects; in the experiments oriented to the motion characteristics of patient subjects, the angle prediction results of R &gt; 0.99 for the untrained data on the affected side, which proves that our proposed model also has a better effect on the angle prediction of the affected side.DiscussionThe main contribution of this paper is to realize continuous motion estimation of ankle joint for healthy and hemiplegic individuals under non-ideal conditions (weak sEMG signals, muscle fatigue, high muscle tension, etc.), which improves the pattern recognition accuracy and robustness of the sEMG sensor-based system.
Stearidonic acid improves eicosapentaenoic acid status: studies in humans and cultured hepatocytes
Authors: Seidel Ulrike , Eberhardt Katharina , Wiebel Michelle , Luersen Kai , Ipharraguerre Ignacio R. , Haegele Franziska A. , Winterhalter Peter , Bosy-Westphal Anja , Schebb Nils Helge , Rimbach Gerald 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAhiflower oil from the seeds of Buglossoides arvensis is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA). ALA and SDA are potential precursor fatty acids for the endogenous synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are n3-long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-LC-PUFAS), in humans. Since taurine, an amino sulfonic acid, is often associated with tissues rich in n3-LC-PUFAS (e.g., in fatty fish, human retina), taurine may play a role in EPA- and DHA-metabolism.ObjectiveTo examine the capacity of the plant-derived precursor fatty acids (ALA and SDA) and of the potential fatty acid metabolism modulator taurine to increase n3-LC-PUFAS and their respective oxylipins in human plasma and cultivated hepatocytes (HepG2 cells).MethodsIn a monocentric, randomized crossover study 29 healthy male volunteers received three sequential interventions, namely ahiflower oil (9 g/day), taurine (1.5 g/day) and ahiflower oil (9 g/day) + taurine (1.5 g/day) for 20 days. In addition, cultivated HepG2 cells were treated with isolated fatty acids ALA, SDA, EPA, DHA as well as taurine alone or together with SDA.ResultsOral ahiflower oil intake significantly improved plasma EPA levels (0.2 vs. 0.6% of total fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES)) in humans, whereas DHA levels were unaffected by treatments. EPA-levels in SDA-treated HepG2 cells were 65% higher (5.1 vs. 3.0% of total FAMES) than those in ALA-treated cells. Taurine did not affect fatty acid profiles in human plasma in vivo or in HepG2 cells in vitro. SDA-rich ahiflower oil and isolated SDA led to an increase in EPA-derived oxylipins in humans and in HepG2 cells, respectively.ConclusionThe consumption of ahiflower oil improves the circulating levels of EPA and EPA-derived oxylipins in humans. In cultivated hepatocytes, EPA and EPA-derived oxylipins are more effectively increased by SDA than ALA.
Profiling of serum metabolome of breast cancer: multi-cancer features discriminate between healthy women and patients with breast cancer
Authors: Mrowiec Katarzyna , Debik Julia , Jelonek Karol , Kurczyk Agata , Ponge Lucyna , Wilk Agata , Krzempek Marcela , Giskeødegård Guro F. , Bathen Tone F. , Widłak Piotr 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe progression of solid cancers is manifested at the systemic level as molecular changes in the metabolome of body fluids, an emerging source of cancer biomarkers.MethodsWe analyzed quantitatively the serum metabolite profile using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiles were compared between breast cancer patients (n=112) and two groups of healthy women (from Poland and Norway; n=95 and n=112, respectively) with similar age distributions.ResultsDespite differences between both cohorts of controls, a set of 43 metabolites and lipids uniformly discriminated against breast cancer patients and healthy women. Moreover, smaller groups of female patients with other types of solid cancers (colorectal, head and neck, and lung cancers) were analyzed, which revealed a set of 42 metabolites and lipids that uniformly differentiated all three cancer types from both cohorts of healthy women. A common part of both sets, which could be called a multi-cancer signature, contained 23 compounds, which included reduced levels of a few amino acids (alanine, aspartate, glutamine, histidine, phenylalanine, and leucine/isoleucine), lysophosphatidylcholines (exemplified by LPC(18:0)), and diglycerides. Interestingly, a reduced concentration of the most abundant cholesteryl ester (CE(18:2)) typical for other cancers was the least significant in the serum of breast cancer patients. Components present in a multi-cancer signature enabled the establishment of a well-performing breast cancer classifier, which predicted cancer with a very high precision in independent groups of women (AUC&gt;0.95).DiscussionIn conclusion, metabolites critical for discriminating breast cancer patients from controls included components of hypothetical multi-cancer signature, which indicated wider potential applicability of a general serum metabolome cancer biomarker.