bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of standard vs. high definition colonoscopy for adenoma and hyperplastic polyp detection with optimized withdrawal technique
Authors: EAST J. E. , STAVRINDIS M. , THOMAS‐GIBSON S. , GUENTHER T. , TEKKIS P. P. , SAUNDERS B. P. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryBackground  Colonoscopy has a known miss rate for polyps and adenomas. High definition (HD) colonoscopes may allow detection of subtle mucosal change, potentially aiding detection of adenomas and hyperplastic polyps.Aim  To compare detection rates between HD and standard definition (SD) colonoscopy.Methods  Prospective, cohort study with optimized withdrawal technique (withdrawal time >6 min, antispasmodic, position changes, re‐examining flexures and folds). One hundred and thirty patients attending for routine colonoscopy were examined with either SD (n = 72) or HD (n = 58) colonoscopes.Results  Groups were well matched. Sixty per cent of patients had at least one adenoma detected with SD vs. 71% with HD, P = 0.20, relative risk (benefit) 1.32 (95% CI 0.85–2.04). Eighty‐eight adenomas (mean ± standard deviation 1.2 ± 1.4) were detected using SD vs. 93 (1.6 ± 1.5) with HD, P = 0.12; however more nonflat, diminutive (<6 mm) adenomas were detected with HD, P = 0.03. Twenty‐three proximal hyperplastic polyps (0.32 ± 0.58) were detected with SD vs. 31 (0.53 ± 0.86) with HD, P = 0.35. Overall prevalence of proximal large (>9 mm) hyperplastic polyps was 7% (0.09 ± 0.36).Conclusions  High definition did not lead to a significant increase in adenoma or hyperplastic polyp detection, but may help where comprehensive lesion detection is paramount. High detection rates appear possible with either SD or HD, when using an optimized withdrawal technique.
Clinical trial: radiofrequency energy delivery in proton pump inhibitor‐dependent gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease patients
Authors: CORON E. , SEBILLE V. , CADIOT G. , ZERBIB F. , DUCROTTE P. , DUCROT F. , POUDEROUX P. , ARTS J. , LE RHUN M. , PICHE T. , BRULEY DES VARANNES S. , GALMICHE J. P. ,   CONSORTIUM DE RECHERCHE INDÉPENDANT SUR LE TRAITEMENT ET L’EXPLORATION DU REFLUX GASTRO‐OESOPHAGIEN ET DE L’ENDOBRACHYOESOPHAGE (CRITERE)
Published: September 2008

SummaryBackground  Radiofrequency (RF) energy delivery is an endoscopic procedure developed for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease.Aim  To compare RF and a proton pump inhibitor strategy (PPI) in PPI‐dependent patients by carrying out a prospective, randomized trial.Methods  Patients with PPI‐dependent typical reflux symptoms were randomly allocated to either RF or PPI regimen alone. The primary endpoint, evaluated at 6‐month, was defined as the possibility for the patient to stop or to decrease PPI use to <50% of the effective dose required at baseline.Results  In the RF group, 18/20 patients stopped (n = 3) or decreased (n = 15) PPI use as compared to eight of 16 in the PPI group (P = 0.01). None of the control patients could stop PPI. Health‐related quality of life scores were not different between groups. No significant change in oesophageal acid exposure (OAE) was noted between baseline and 6‐months after RF. No severe complication was reported.Conclusions  Radiofrequency energy delivery is a safe and effective therapeutic option, allowing reduction in or discontinuation of PPI therapy in patients with PPI‐dependent symptoms, without loss of quality of life. However, in a majority of patients, PPI therapy cannot be completely stopped. The efficacy of RF does not seem to be related to a decrease in OAE.
Barriers to physician adherence to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug guidelines: a qualitative study
Authors: CAVAZOS J. M. , NAIK A. D. , WOOFTER A. , ABRAHAM N. S. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryBackground  Despite wide availability of physician guidelines for safer use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and widespread use of these drugs in the US, NSAID prescribing guidelines have been only modestly effective.Aim  To identify and describe comprehensively barriers to provider adherence to NSAID prescribing guidelines.Methods  We conducted interviews with 25 physicians, seeking to identify the major influences explaining physician non‐adherence to guidelines. Interviews were standardized and structured probes were used for clarification and detail. All interviews were audio‐taped and transcribed. Three independent investigators analysed the transcripts, using the constant‐comparative method of qualitative analysis.Results  Our analysis identified six dominant physician barriers explaining non‐adherence to established NSAID prescribing guidelines. These included (i) lack of familiarity with guidelines, (ii) perceived limited validity of guidelines, (iii) limited applicability of guidelines among specific patients, (iv) clinical inertia, (v) influences of prior anecdotal experiences and (vi) medical heuristics.Conclusions  A heterogeneous set of influences are barriers to physician adherence to NSAID prescribing guidelines. Suggested measures for improving guideline‐concordant prescribing should focus on measures to improve physician education and confidence in guidelines, implementation of physician/pharmacist co‐management strategies and expansion of guideline scope.
Low‐dose aspirin reduces the gene expression of gastrokine‐1 in the antral mucosa of healthy subjects
Authors: MARTIN G. , WEX T. , TREIBER G. , MALFERTHEINER P. , NARDONE G. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryBackground  Gastrokine 1 (GKN1), one of the most abundant transcripts in normal stomach, is down‐regulated by Helicobacter pylori infection. Aspirin (ASA), which is often used for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, can damage gastric‐duodenal mucosa within 1 or 2 h of ingestion.Aim  To study the gastric mucosal expression of GKN1 during acute low‐dose ASA consumption.Methods  Ten H. pylori‐negative human volunteers took 100 mg ASA per day for 1 week, and underwent multiple upper GI endoscopies. GKN1 expression was analysed in antral and corpus mucosa by quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Gastric mucosal damage was detected endoscopically and histologically.Results  Gastrokine 1 was similarly expressed in both antral and corpus mucosa. The use of low‐dose ASA led to a significant decrease (3.07 a.u. vs. 0.23 a.u., P < 0.001) in antrum at day 7, while GKN1 transcript levels in corpus mucosa were slightly elevated (twofold, P < 0.005). Western blot and IHC confirmed these changes at the protein level. Furthermore, IHC revealed a vesicular staining pattern in the cytoplasm for GKN1 that was confirmed by transfected human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line expressing GKN1.Conclusion  Our data demonstrated that low‐dose ASA downregulates GKN1 expression specifically in antral mucosa.
Lower slope morphology of the Sumatra trench system
Authors: Kopp H. , Weinrebe W. , Ladage S. , Barckhausen U. , Klaeschen D. , Flueh E. R. , Gaedicke C. , Djajadihardja Y. , Grevemeyer I. , Krabbenhoeft A. , Papenberg C. , Zillmer M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTAt convergent margins, the structure of the subducting oceanic plate is one of the key factors controlling the morphology of the upper plate. We use high‐resolution seafloor mapping and multichannel seismic reflection data along the accretionary Sumatra trench system to investigate the morphotectonic response of the upper plate to the subduction of lower plate fabric. Upper plate segmentation is reflected in varying modes of mass transfer. The deformation front in the southern Enggano segment is characterized by neotectonic formation of a broad and shallow fold‐and‐thrust belt consistent with the resumption of frontal sediment accretion in the wake of oceanic relief subduction. Conversely, surface erosion increasingly shapes the morphology of the lower slope and accretionary prism towards the north where significant oceanic relief is subducted. Subduction of the Investigator Fracture Zone and the fossil Wharton spreading centre in the Siberut segment exemplifies this. Such features also correlate with an irregularly trending deformation front suggesting active frontal erosion of the upper plate. Lower plate fabric extensively modulates upper plate morphology and the large‐scale morphotectonic segmentation of the Sumatra trench system is linked to the subduction of reactivated fracture zones and aseismic ridges of the Wharton Basin. In general, increasing intensity of mass‐wasting processes, from south to north, correlates with the extent of oversteepening of the lower slope (lower slope angle of 3.8° in the south compared with 7.6° in the north), probably in response to alternating phases of frontal accretion and sediment underthrusting. Accretionary mechanics thus pose a second‐order factor in shaping upper plate morphology near the trench.
Selective human endothelial cell activation by chemokines as a guide to cell homing
Authors: Crola Da Silva Claire , Lamerant‐Fayel Nathalie , Paprocka Maria , Mitterrand Michèle , Gosset David , Dus Danuta , Kieda Claudine 
Published: September 2008

SummaryAn original model of organo‐specific, immortalized and stabilized endothelial cell lines was used to delineate the part played by some chemokines (CCL21, CX3CL1, CCL5 and CXCL12) and their receptors in endothelium organo‐specificity. Chemokine receptor expression and chemokine presentation were investigated on organo‐specific human endothelial cell lines. Although the chemokines showed distinct binding patterns for the various endothelial cell lines, these were not correlated with the expression of the corresponding receptors (CX3CR1, CXCR4, CCR5 and CCR7). Experiments with CCL21 on peripheral lymph node endothelial cells demonstrated that the chemokine did not co‐localize with its receptor but was associated with extracellular matrix components. The specific activity of chemokines was clearly shown to be related to the endothelial cell origin. Indeed, CX3CL1 and CCL21 promoted lymphocyte recruitment by endothelial cells from the appendix and peripheral lymph nodes, respectively, while CX3CL1 pro‐angiogenic activity was restricted to endothelial cells from the appendix and skin. The high specificity of the chemokine/endothelium interaction allowed the design of a direct in vitro endothelial cell targeting assay. This unique cellular model demonstrated a fundamental role for chemokines in conferring on the endothelium its organo‐specificity and its potential for tissue targeting through the selective binding, presentation and activation properties of chemokines.
Retracted: Desmoglein 3‐specific T regulatory 1 cells consist of two subpopulations with differential expression of the transcription factor Foxp3
Authors: Veldman Christian , Pahl Andreas , Hertl Michael 
Published: September 2008

SummaryPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous skin disorder associated with autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 3. An imbalance of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells specific for Dsg3 may be critical for the loss of tolerance against Dsg3 in PV. Within the population of Dsg3‐responsive, interleukin (IL)‐10‐secreting Tr1 cell clones, two major subpopulations were identified and sorted by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) based on their size and granularity. Upon in vitro culture, the larger subpopulation differentiated back into the two former subpopulations of the Tr1 cell clones, while the smaller subpopulation died within 2 weeks. The smaller subpopulation of the Tr1 cell clones was characterized by the expression of Foxp3, the secretion of IL‐10, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and IL‐5 upon stimulation with Dsg3, a proliferative response to IL‐2 but not to Dsg3 or mitogenic stimuli, and an inhibitory effect on the proliferative response of Dsg3‐responsive Th clones in a Dsg3‐specific manner. In contrast, the larger subpopulation showed a Th‐like phenotype, lacking Foxp3, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and glucocorticoid‐induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) expression and IL‐2 secretion, and did not mount a proliferative response to Dsg3 and mitogenic stimuli. The two Tr1 subpopulations showed expression of identical T‐cell receptor (TCR) Vβ chains which varied among the PV patients studied. Upon inhibition of Foxp3, the smaller Tr1 subpopulation developed a proliferate response to Dsg3 and mitogenic stimuli, no longer suppressed Dsg3‐specific Th cells, lost expression of GITR and CTLA4 and secreted IL‐2. Thus, our observations suggest a distinct relationship between Dsg3‐specific Tr1 and Th‐like cells which may be critical for the continuous generation and survival of Dsg3‐specific Tr1 cells.
Role of 2B4‐mediated signals in the pathogenesis of a murine hepatitis model independent of Fas and Vα14 NKT cells
Authors: Furukawa Hiroshi , Kitazawa Hiroshi , Kaneko Izumi , Matsubara Mitsunobu , Nose Masato , Ono Masao 
Published: September 2008

SummaryConcanavalin A (Con A)‐induced hepatitis is a T‐cell‐mediated murine experimental model of autoimmune hepatitis. Mice lacking Vα14 NKT cells were found to be less sensitive to this hepatitis and the MRL/Mp‐Faslpr/lpr (MRL/lpr; i.e. Fas deficient) mice were also less sensitive. We report herein that MRL/Mp‐Faslpr/lpr‐Saprpl/− (MRL/lpr/rpl) mice lack Vα14 NKT cells and are deficient in the Fas antigen but sensitive to Con A‐induced hepatitis. The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)‐associated protein (SAP) is an adaptor molecule containing a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. We previously reported new mutant mice found among MRL/lpr mice and revealed that SAP deficiency led to the regression of autoimmune phenotypes in mutant MRL/lpr/rpl mice. It was also revealed that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were effector cells and that blockade of 2B4, one of the SLAM family receptors, inhibited the induction of hepatitis in MRL/lpr/rpl mice. These data suggest that signals mediated by molecules other than SAP from 2B4 in T cells played important roles in the induction of hepatitis in MRL/lpr/rpl mice.
Altered homeostasis of CD4+ FoxP3+regulatory T‐cell subpopulations in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Suen Jau‐Ling , Li Hsiao‐Ting , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Chiang Bor‐Luen , Yen Jeng‐Hsien 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe role of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Treg), known to be phenotypically heterogeneous, in controlling the expression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is incompletely defined. Therefore, different subpopulations of CD4+ FoxP3+Tregs in patients with active or inactive SLE were investigated and compared with those of healthy subjects and patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Characterization of different subsets of circulating CD4+ FoxP3+Tregs was examined using flow cytometry. CD4+ CD25highT cells were sorted and examined for suppressive activityin vitro. The results showed first that a significant decrease in the frequency of CD4+ CD25high FoxP3+T cells was present in patients with active SLE (n = 58), compared with healthy controls (n = 36) and AS patients (n = 23). In contrast, the frequencies of CD25low FoxP3+and CD25− FoxP3+ CD4+T cells were significantly increased in patients with active SLE by comparison with the control subjects. The elevation of these two putative Treg subpopulations was associated with lower plasma levels of complement C3 and C4 in patients with SLE. In addition, the ratios of the three subsets of CD4+ FoxP3+Tregs versus effector T cells (CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3−) were inversely correlated with the titer of anti‐double‐stranded DNA IgG in patients with inactive, but not active, SLE. These results suggest that the pathogenesis of SLE may be associated with a defect in the homeostatic control of different Treg subsets.
Interferon‐γ priming is involved in the activation of arginase by oligodeoxinucleotides containing CpG motifs in murine macrophages
Authors: Liscovsky Miriam V. , Ranocchia Romina P. , Gorlino Carolina V. , Alignani Diego O. , Morón Gabriel , Maletto Belkys A. , Pistoresi‐Palencia María C. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryRecognition of microbial products by macrophages (Mφ) stimulates an inflammatory response and plays a critical role in directing the host immune response against infection. In the present work, we showed for the first time that synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine guanine motifs (CpG) are able to stimulate, in the presence of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), both arginase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in murine Mφ. Unexpectedly, IFN‐γ, a cytokine believed to be an inhibitor of arginase activity, intervened in the activation of this enzyme. A significant increase in arginase activity was observed upon a short pre‐incubation (1 hr) with IFN‐γ and subsequent CpG stimulation. Therefore, a very interesting observation of this study was that the CpG‐mediated arginase activity is dependent on IFN‐γ priming. The increase in arginase activity as a result of stimulation with CpG plus IFN‐γwas correlated with augmented expression of the arginase II isoform. The use of pharmacological specific inhibitors revealed that arginase activity was dependent on p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK), but independent of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation. This report reveals a singular effect of the combination of CpG and IFN‐γ, one of the mayor cytokines produced in response to CpG administration in vivo.
Uptake and presentation of exogenous antigen and presentation of endogenously produced antigen by skin dendritic cells represent equivalent pathways for the priming of cellular immune responses following biolistic DNA immunization
Authors: Sudowe Stephan , Dominitzki Sabine , Montermann Evelyn , Bros Matthias , Grabbe Stephan , Reske‐Kunz Angelika B. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryGene gun‐mediated biolistic DNA vaccination with β‐galactosidase (βGal)‐encoding plasmid vectors efficiently modulated antigen‐induced immune responses in an animal model of type I allergy, including the inhibition of immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. Here we show that CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells from mice biolistically transfected with a plasmid encoding βGal under the control of the fascin promoter (pFascin‐βGal) are capable of inhibiting βGal‐specific IgE production after adoptive transfer into naïve recipients. Moreover, suppression of IgE production was dependent on interferon (IFN)‐γ. To analyse the modalities of activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells regarding the localization of antigen synthesis following gene gun‐mediated DNA immunization, we used the fascin promoter and the keratin 5 promoter (pK5‐βGal) to direct βGal production mainly to dendritic cells (DCs) and to keratinocytes, respectively. Gene gun‐mediated DNA immunization with each vector induced considerable activation of βGal‐specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Cytokine production by re‐stimulated CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes and immunoglobulin isotype profiles in sera of immunized mice indicated that immunization with pFascin‐βGal induced a T helper type 1 (Th1)‐biased immune response, whereas immunization with pK5‐βGal generated a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Nevertheless, DNA vaccination with pFascin‐βGal and pK5‐βGal, respectively, efficiently inhibited specific IgE production in the mouse model of type I allergy. In conclusion, our data show that uptake of exogenous antigen produced by keratinocytes and its presentation by untransfected DCs as well as the presentation of antigen synthesized endogenously in DCs represent equivalent pathways for efficient priming of cellular immune responses.
The effect of light on the composition of some volatile compounds in wine: an HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS study
Authors: Cellamare Luciana , D’Auria Maurizio , Emanuele Lucia , Racioppi Rocco 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS analysis of Fiano di Avellino (white wine, Southern Italy) and Aglianico del Vulture (red wine, Southern Italy) showed the presence of ethyl acetate, 2‐methyl‐1‐propanol, 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol (MB), 2‐methylbutyl acetate (MBA), ethyl hexanoate (EH), diethyl butanedioate (DB), ethyl octanoate (EO) and ethyl decanoate (ED). UV irradiation of both the wines in a Pyrex vial with a 15‐W low pressure mercury arc showed an extensive degradation of all the compounds. After 24 h irradiation in the red wine, ethyl acetate decreased from 208 mg L−1 to 58 mg L−1, DB from 16.7 to 4 mg L−1, MBA from 19 to 3 mg L−1, 2‐methyl‐1‐propanol disappeared and MB decreased from 796 to 92.5 mg L−1. Only in the case of DB, MBA, EH, EO and ED in the red wine the degradation occurred after an initial increase of the concentrations of the esters. The irradiation of the esters in the presence of riboflavin showed a clear degradation of the esters (9%–17%). The irradiation of both the wines in the original bottles for 7 days showed an extensive degradation of all the volatile compounds observed in the wines. 2‐Methyl‐1‐propanol disappeared while 90% of MB disappeared. The amount of the esters decreases in the range 65%–91%.
A study on the efficacy of body–mind–spirit group therapy for patients with breast cancer
Authors: Liu Chun‐Ju , Hsiung Ping‐Chuan , Chang King‐Jen , Liu Yu‐Fen , Wang Kuo‐Chang , Hsiao Fei‐Hsiu , Ng Siu‐Man , Chan Cecilia LW 
Published: September 2008

Aims and objectives.  This study aims to understand the effects of culturally enriched body–mind–spirit group therapy on anxiety, depression and holistic well‐being among women with breast cancer and to examine patients’ views on what aspects of group therapy worked to enhance their health.Design.  The study was designed using multiple methods, which consisted of a randomised controlled trial and a focus group interview.Methods.  A total of 16 subjects in the control group received the standard care of a physician’s treatment at the outpatient department. In addition to standard care, 12 subjects in the experimental group received 10 sessions of weekly body–mind–spirit group therapy for 180 minutes each. This therapy integrates concepts and practices of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine (e.g. positive psychology and forgiveness therapy). The subjects in the experimental group were invited to participate in a focus group interview regarding their perceptions of the change mechanisms that occurred in group therapy.Results.  The results of analysis of covariance indicated that after a two‐month trial, there was a similarity between the experimental and control groups in reducing the scores of Beck depression inventory and increasing the scores of body–mind–spirit well‐being. However, subjects in the experimental group had a better reduction of the scores of state anxiety inventory than subjects in the control group. The qualitative analysis yielded eight domains: (i) imparting of information, (ii) interpersonal learning, (iii) catharsis, (iv) universality, (v) group cohesiveness, (vi) altruism, (vii) instillation of hope and (viii) existential factors. These domains illustrate how the therapeutic effects of group therapy worked to reduce patients’ anxiety.Conclusion.  The culturally sensitive body–mind–spirit group therapy reduced anxiety among outpatients with breast cancer.Relevance to clinical practice.  The involvement of mental health nurses in providing group therapy for cancer patients could enhance the quality of care in psycho‐ontological nursing.