bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling for local dynamic behaviors of phenol biodegradation in bubble columns
Authors: Feng Wei , Wen Jianping , Jia Xiaoqiang , Yuan Qing , Sun Yan , Liu Cuiyun 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA coupled three‐dimensional (3‐D) model, combining hydrodynamics with biochemical reactions, was developed to simulate the local transient flow patterns and the dynamic behaviors of cell growth and phenol biodegradation by yeast Candida tropicalis in the bubble‐column bioreactor, using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. In order to validate this proposed model effectively, the validation of the local hydrodynamic characteristics of the gas‐mineral salt solution (gas‐liquid) two‐phase system, with the phenol concentration of 1200 mg/L, and with the absence of cells, was performed in a square‐sectioned bubble column bioreactor using the LDA system and conductivity probe. Furthermore, the validation of phenol biodegradation behaviors by yeast Candida tropicalis at different initial concentrations of phenol and cell was also carried out in the above bubble‐column bioreactor. The results indicated that the model simulations had a satisfying agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the local instantaneous flow and phenol biodegradation features including gas holdup, gas velocity, liquid velocity, cell concentration and phenol concentration inside the bioreactor were successfully predicted in different‐scale bubble columns by the proposed model. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Comparison of potential adjustment variables representing primary intellectual level in epidemiological studies on neurotoxicity
Authors: Rouch Isabelle , Chouanière Dominique , Wild Pascal , Fontana Jean‐Marc , Boillat Marcel‐André 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackgroundPrimary intellectual abilities (PIA) are a confounder in epidemiological studies on neurotoxicity. A good measure of this confounder should be independent of age as PIA is an intrinsic ability. Furthermore, as PIA is related to health endpoints, any measure of PIA should reveal this association. This study is aimed at comparing vocabulary test, diploma and age at end of schooling properties as measures of PIA in a non‐exposed population of workers.MethodsThe design was a cross‐sectional study of 413 non‐exposed workers (203 women and 210 men) selected from a health check‐up center. The effect of age on the vocabulary score was assessed using an analysis of covariance adjusted for diploma. Relationships between neuropsychological performances and vocabulary score, diploma and end of schooling age were, respectively, assessed using multiple linear regressions adjusted for age and gender.ResultsVocabulary score increased significantly with age, both for men and women. The increase was 0.14 word per year for women, and 0.18 word per year for men. The explained variance of the models evaluating the relationships between age at end of schooling, diploma, vocabulary test, and neuropsychological performances was quite similar for the three measures of PIA.ConclusionsVocabulary score was found to be age‐related, even after adjustment for diploma. No difference was found between these three variables in terms of their relationship to neuropsychological endpoints. Moreover, the literature shows that vocabulary test performances are influenced by exposure to neurotoxic agents. These results suggest that vocabulary score could be of interest for participants of similar ages and similar diplomas. Otherwise, the other two variables would be better PIA measures in neurotoxicology studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telemedicine in sub‐Saharan Africa: The case of teleophthalmology and eye care in Ethiopia
Authors: Kifle Mengistu , Mbarika Victor W.A. , Datta Pratim 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDepartment of Information Systems, Washington State University, Pullman, WA. E‐mail: pdatta@wsu.edu The authors examine the need and adoption of teleophthalmology in sub‐Saharan Africa. Ethiopia, like most sub‐Saharan African countries, is faced with limited specialists and health care services. These services are often concentrated in the urban areas, leaving most of the rural population (about 70% of the country) without adequate and timely health care delivery. In Ethiopia, the ratio of ophthalmologists to the population is 1:1,200,000, resulting in inadequate delivery of ophthalmology‐related health care services. Using both primary and secondary data collection approaches, the authors report the need for telemedicine as well as the adoption and application of teleophthalmology in Ethiopia. Further, they present Ethiopia's teleophthalmology network, integrated teleconsultation, and teleeducation services. The authors conclude by presenting this research as a starting point to investigate further teleophthalmology and other telemedicine services for Ethiopia and by extension, other developing countries. Therefore, they bring a much‐underresearched region (sub‐Saharan Africa) and a much‐underresearched technology (telemedicine) to the forefront of information systems (IS) research. It is the authors' hope that colleagues in the field will be motivated to investigate this “forgotten” region of the world that is yet to reap the full potentials of information and communications technologies (ICTs).
Prenatal developmental toxicity evaluation of 2′,3′‐dideoxyinosine (ddI) and 2′,3′‐didehydro‐3′‐deoxythymidine (d4T) co‐administered to Swiss Albino (CD‐1) mice
Authors: Price Catherine J. , George Julia D. , Marr Melissa C. , Myers Christina B. , Bieler Gayle S. , Williams Rick L. , Jahnke Gloria D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND:In pregnant women, antiretroviral drugs improve maternal health and reduce vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to the infant. However, few nonclinical studies have examined the potential for adverse drug interactions.METHODS:On gestational days (GD) 6–16, mice were dosed with vehicle, ddI (360, 1440, or 2880 mg/kg/day, p.o.), d4T (60, 240, or 480), or ddI/d4T combinations (360/60, 1440/240, or 2880/480). Daily doses were divided into two equal parts that were administered ≥6‐hr apart. Body weight, clinical signs, and feed consumption were monitored. Pregnancies (22–24/group) were confirmed at necropsy. Maternal liver and gravid uterine weights (GUW), uterine implants (resorption, live or dead fetus), fetal body weight, gender, and morphologic anomalies (external, visceral, skeletal) were recorded.RESULTS:Maternal body weight, clinical signs, and GUW were unaffected. Maternal weight change corrected for GUW was greater than controls at 60 and 480 d4T. Relative feed consumption during treatment was increased relative to controls at 1440 and 2880 ddI and 2880/480 ddI/d4T. Relative maternal liver weight was elevated above controls at 240 and 480 d4T and 2880/480 ddI/d4T, and above the constituent dose of ddI at 1440/240 and 2880/480 ddI/d4T. Liver weight was not affected by ddI and there was no significant drug interaction. Prenatal mortality and morphologic anomalies were not increased. Fetal body weight showed only a decreasing trend for ddI/d4T, no effect for ddI or d4T, and no statistically significant drug interaction.CONCLUSIONS:In pregnant mice, ddI/d4T combinations were not associated with well‐defined developmental toxicity or adverse drug interactions.Birth Defects Research (Part B) 77:207–215, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral interaction in Gly‐capped N‐terminal motif of 310‐helix and domino‐type induction in helix sense
Authors: Ousaka Naoki , Inai Yoshihito , Okabe Takahiro 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChiral interaction of helical peptide with chiral molecule, and concomitant induction in its helix sense have been demonstrated in optically inactive nonapeptide (1) possessing Gly at its N‐terminus: H–Gly–(ΔZPhe–Aib)4–OCH3(1: ΔZPhe = Z‐dehydrophenylalanine; Aib = α‐aminoisobutyric acid). Spectroscopic measurements [mainly nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular diochroism (CD)] as well as theoretical simulation have been carried out for that purpose. Peptide1in the 310‐helix tends to adopt preferentially a right‐handed screw sense by chiral Boc‐L‐amino acid (Boc:t‐butoxycarbonyl). Induction in the helix sense through the noncovalent chiral domino effect should be derived primarily from the complex supported by the three‐point coordination on the N‐terminal sequence. Thus the 310‐helical terminus consisting of only α‐amino acid residues enables chiral recognition of the Boc‐amino acid molecule, leading to modulation of the original chain asymmetry. Dynamics in the helix‐sense induction also have been discussed on the basis of a low‐temperature NMR study. Furthermore, the inversion of induced helix sense has been achieved through solvent effects. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83:337–351, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
A novel approach to chronic total occlusions: The crosser system
Authors: Melzi Gloria , Cosgrave John , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe L. , Airoldi Flavio , Michev Iassen , Chieffo Alaide , Sangiorgi Giuseppe M. , Montorfano Matteo , Carlino Mauro , Colombo Antonio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate safety and efficacy of the CROSSER CTO Recanalization System (CROSSER). Background: The CROSSER, a novel device dedicated to recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTO), relies on a monorail catheter delivering vibrational energy to facilitate the crossing of occluded coronary arteries. Methods: We included de novo or restenotic occlusions in native coronary arteries with typically unfavorable characteristics and a prior failed guidewire attempt either performed in a previous procedure or just before the usage of the CROSSER. The end points analyzed were technical success (ability to cross or facilitate a guidewire crossing into the true lumen), angiographic success (<20% residual stenosis and TIMI flow grade 3), and clinical success (angiographic success and freedom from major adverse cardiac events at 30 days). Results: Twenty‐eight patients (30 lesions) were included. The morphology was blunt in 83.3% and the length of the occlusion was >20 mm in 76.6%. The median age of the CTO was 9 months (range 3–60 months). Technical success was obtained in 19 (63%) occlusions and angiographic success in 16 (53%): 26.3% in lesions with prior procedural failure and 73.7% when CROSSER was attempted after initial guidewire failure. Complications were: one guidewire perforation without consequences and one peri‐procedural myocardial infarction (MI). No events occurred within 30‐day follow‐up after discharge. Conclusions: In our experience, the CROSSER System is safe and increases the success of opening CTO refractory to guidewires. This novel device may represent an useful adjunct to the armamentarium of the interventional cardiologist. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface‐climate attributes at Injisuthi Outpost, Drakensberg, and possible ramifications for weathering
Authors: Sumner Paul D. , Nel Werner 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAerial and sub‐aerial climatic data were collected from a station at 1920 m a.s.l. in the Injisuthi region of the South African Drakensberg. Sensors monitored air temperature, soil surface and rock surface temperature, for two rock types, over the summer and winter of 2001/2002. Rainfall was measured from the summer of 2001 to January 2004. These are the first rock and soil surface‐climate data to be collected for an exposed site at this altitude in the area. Rainfall over the two calendar years 2002 and 2003 was found to be below estimates for the region, but patterns imply numerous rock wetting and drying cycles in summer. At the site, air, rock and soil temperatures differ considerably on a diurnal basis with respect to both absolute temperature and daily ranges. Mean rock daily ranges, as conducive to possible thermal fatigue, are found to be similar in the summer and winter periods. Of the two rock types monitored, the darker coloured basalt attained higher maximum and marginally lower minimum temperatures than the sandstone. Soil frost did not occur at 2·5 cm depth, but rock did reach below −6 °C in winter. Both rock types maintain relatively high rock temperatures in winter (exceeding 25 °C), thus chemical weathering is probably only moisture restricted during this dry period. Findings highlight the importance of directly monitoring rock temperature when attempting to discern the rock weathering environment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural correlates of consolidation in working memory
Authors: Mainy Nelly , Kahane Philippe , Minotti Lorella , Hoffmann Dominique , Bertrand Olivier , Lachaux Jean‐Philippe 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMany of our daily activities rely on a brain system called working memory, which implements our ability to encode information for short‐term maintenance, possible manipulation, and retrieval. A recent intracranial study of patients performing a paradigmatic working memory task revealed that the maintenance of information involves a distributed network of oscillations in the gamma band (>40 Hz). Using a similar task, we focused on the encoding stage and targeted a process referred to as short‐term consolidation, which corresponds to the encoding of novel items in working memory. The paradigm was designed to manipulate the subjects' intention to encode: series of 10 letters were presented, among which only five had to be remembered, as indicated by visual cues preceding or following each letter. During this task we recorded the intracerebral EEG of nine epileptic patients implanted in mesiotemporal structures, perisylvian regions, and prefrontal areas and used time–frequency analysis to search for neural activities simultaneous with the encoding of the letters into working memory. We found such activities in the form of increases of gamma band activity in a set of regions associated with the phonological loop, including the Broca area and the auditory cortex, and in the prefrontal cortex, the pre‐ and postcentral gyri, the hippocampus, and the fusiform gyrus. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dissociating stimulus‐driven semantic and phonological effect during reading and naming
Authors: Mechelli Andrea , Josephs Oliver , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. , McClelland James L. , Price Cathy J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to dissociate the neural correlates of semantic and phonological processes during word reading and picture naming. Previous studies have addressed this issue by contrasting tasks involving semantic and phonological decisions. However, these tasks engage verbal short‐term memory and executive functions that are not required for reading and naming. Here, 20 subjects were instructed to overtly name written words and pictures of objects while their neuronal responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Each trial consisted of a pair of successive stimuli that were either semantically related (e.g., “ROBIN‐nest”), phonologically related (e.g., “BELL‐belt”), unrelated (e.g., “KITE‐lobster”), or semantically and phonologically identical (e.g., “FRIDGE‐fridge”). In addition, a pair of stimuli could be presented in either the same modality (word‐word or picture‐picture) or a different modality (word‐picture or picture‐word). We report that semantically related pairs modulate neuronal responses in a left‐lateralized network, including the pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus, the angular gyrus, and the superior frontal gyrus. We propose that these areas are involved in stimulus‐driven semantic processes. In contrast, phonologically related pairs modulate neuronal responses in bilateral insula. This region is therefore implicated in the discrimination of similar, competing phonological and articulatory codes. The above effects were detected with both words and pictures and did not differ between the two modalities even with a less conservative statistical threshold. In conclusion, this study dissociates the effects of semantic and phonological relatedness between successive items during reading and naming aloud. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel porous gelatin scaffolds by overrun/particle leaching process for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Kang Hyun Goo , Kim So Yeon , Lee Young Moo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPorous gelatin scaffolds were prepared using a modified overrun process, which is a novel method for preparing a porous matrix by injecting air and mixing polymer solution at low temperature. The pores in the scaffolds formed by the overrun process exhibited a dual‐pore structure due to the injection of air bubbles and ice recrystallization. However, the morphology of the overrun‐processed gelatin scaffolds had closed pore structures. The closed pore structure was reformed into a uniformly distributed and interconnected open structure by the combination of the overrun process and a particle‐leaching technique (NaCl and sucrose). The mechanical strength and biodegradation rate of gelatin scaffolds were controlled by the matrix porosity and concentration of gelatin solution. Despite higher porosity, overrun processed gelatin scaffolds showed similar mechanical strength to freeze‐dried scaffolds. After 1 week of in vitro culturing, the fibroblasts in overrun‐processed scaffolds were widely distributed on the surface of the scaffold pores, whereas cells seeded in freeze‐dried scaffolds were mainly placed on the top and bottom of the scaffolds. Therefore, the overrun process combined with a particle‐leaching technique can be applied to fabricate porous scaffolds with a desirable cellular structure for tissue engineering applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Chitosan scaffolds for in vitro buffalo embryonic stem‐like cell culture: An approach to tissue engineering
Authors: Thein‐Han Wah W. , Kitiyanant Yindee 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) porous chitosan scaffolds are attractive candidates for tissue engineering applications. Chitosan scaffolds of 70, 88, and 95% degree of deacetylation (% DD) with the same molecular weight were developed and their properties with buffalo embryonic stem‐like (ES‐like) cells were investigated in vitro. Scaffolds were fabricated by freezing and lyophilization. They showed open pore structure with interconnecting pores under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Higher % DD chitosan scaffolds had greater mechanical strength, slower degradation rate, lower water uptake ability, but similar water retention ability, when compared to lower % DD chitosan. As a strategy to tissue engineering, buffalo ES‐like cells were cultured on scaffolds for 28 days. It appeared that chitosan was cytocompatible and cells proliferated well on 88 and 95% DD scaffolds. In addition, the buffalo ES‐like cells maintained their pluripotency during the culture period. Furthermore, the SEM and histological study showed that the polygonal buffalo ES‐like cells proliferated well and attached to the pores. This study proved that 3D biodegradable highly deacetylated chitosan scaffolds are promising candidates for ES‐like cell based tissue engineering and this chitosan scaffold and ES cell based system can be used as in vitro model for subsequent clinical applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Fabrication and mechanical and tissue ingrowth properties of unidirectionally porous hydroxyapatite/collagen composite
Authors: Yunoki Shunji , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Tsuchiya Akio , Monkawa Akira , Ohta Kazushi , Sotome Shinichi , Shinomiya Kenichi , Tanaka Junzo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of the three‐dimensional (3‐D) pore structure of a porous hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) composite on their mechanical properties and in vivo tissue ingrowth. The unique 3‐D pore structure, comprising unidirectionally interconnected pores, was fabricated by the unidirectional growth of ice crystals by using a cooling stage and a subsequent freeze‐drying process. The unidirectional pores had a spindle‐shaped cross section, and their size gradually increased from the bottom to the upper face. The porous composite showed an elastic property and anisotropic compressive strength for the pore directions. While the strength and modulus parallel to the pore axis were 1.3‐ and twofold higher than those of the porous composite with spherical pores formed randomly, the strength and modulus perpendicular to the pore axis showed the lowest values. The subcutaneous implantations revealed that when compared with the random pores, the unidirectional pores promote the ingrowth of the surrounding tissues into the pores. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Spin states in polynuclear clusters: The [Fe2O2] core of the methane monooxygenase active site
Authors: Herrmann Carmen , Yu Lian , Reiher Markus 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe ability to provide a correct description of different spin states of mono‐ and polynuclear transition metal complexes is essential for a detailed investigation of reactions that are catalyzed by such complexes. We study the energetics of different total and local spin states of a dinuclear oxygen‐bridged iron(IV) model for the intermediate Q of the hydroxylase component of methane monooxygenase by means of spin‐unrestricted Kohn–Sham density functional theory. Because it is known that the spin state total energies depend systematically on the density functional, and that this dependence is intimately connected to the exact exchange admixture of present‐day hybdrid functionals, we compare total energies, local and total spin values, and Heisenberg coupling constants calculated with the established functionals BP86 and B3LYP as well as with a modified B3LYP version with an exact exchange admixture ranging from 0 to 24%. It is found that exact exchange enhances local spin polarization. As the exact exchange admixture increases, the high‐spin state is energetically favored, although the Broken‐Symmetry state always is the ground state. Instead of the strict linear variation of the energy splittings observed for mononuclear complexes, a slightly nonlinear dependence is found. The Heisenberg coupling constants JFe1Fe2—evaluated according to three different proposals from the literature—are found to vary from −129 to −494cm−1 accordingly. The experimental finding that intermediate Q has an antiferromagnetic ground state is thus confirmed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1223–1239, 2006