bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal forebrain cholinergic system of the anuran amphibian Rana perezi: Evidence for a shared organization pattern with amniotes
Authors: Sánchez‐Camacho Cristina , López Jesús M. , González Agustín 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe organization of the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) in the frog was studied by means of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry. The BFCS was observed as a conspicuous cholinergic cell population extending through the diagonal band, medial septal nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and pallidal regions. Abundant fiber labeling was also found around the labeled cell bodies. The combination of retrograde tract tracing with dextran amines and ChAT immunohistochemistry revealed intraseptal and intra‐BFCS cholinergic connections. In addition, an extratelencephalic cholinergic input from the laterodorsal tegemental nucleus was demonstrated. The possible influence of monoaminergic inputs on the BFCS neurons was examined by means of tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin immunohistochemistry combined with ChAT immunolabeling. Our results showed that catecholaminergic fibers overlapped the BFCS, with the exception of the medial septal nucleus. Serotoninergic innervation was widespread, but less abundant in the caudal extent of the BFCS. Taken together, our results on the localization of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and their relationship with cholinergic, catecholaminergic, and serotoninergic afferents have shown numerous common features with amniotes. In particular, anurans and mammals (for which most data is available) share a strikingly comparable organization pattern of the BFCS. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:961–975, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the commissure of the superior colliculus in the hamster
Authors: Chebat Daniel‐Robert , Boire Denis , Ptito Maurice 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe development of the corpus callosum (CC) and the anterior commissure (CA) is well known in a wide variety of species. No study, however, has described the development of the commissure of the superior colliculus (CSC) from embryonic state to adulthood in mammals. In this study, by using the lipophylic tracer DiI, we investigated the ontogeny of this mesencephalic commissure in the hamster at various ages. The development of axonal terminals, growth cone morphologies, and axons branching were described for the superior colliculus (SC) contralateral to the tracer injection. The first CSC axons cross the midline at embryonic day 11 (E‐11) and grow further into the intermediate layers of the contralateral SC between E‐12 and E‐14. There is little axon growth therein between E‐14 and the day of birth (P‐0). Growth cones at the tip of these axons adopt complex morphologies at E‐12 and progressively simplify until P‐0. Pioneer axons are clearly visible between E‐14 and P‐1. These are followed by other axons progressively more numerous between P‐0 and P‐5. Axons do not show any branching until P‐2. Between P‐3 and P‐9, the axons progressively arborize in the intermediate layers. Some axons reach the superficial layers at P‐5, and they become more numerous around P‐11, and only a few axons remain therein by P‐21. Myelinated axons appear at P11 and are very dense at P‐21. Our results indicate that the CSC follows developmental schemes similar to those of the CC and the AC but that initial axon midline crossing occurs earlier. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:887–902, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small GTP‐binding protein RhoB is expressed in glial müller cells in the vertebrate retina
Authors: Santos‐Bredariol Andréa Silveira , Belmonte Mônica Aparecida , Kihara Alexandre Hiroaki , Santos Marinilce Fagundes , Hamassaki Dânia Emi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAmong several small Rho GTPases observed in the chick retina, RhoB was transiently expressed during development and mainly present in glial Müller cells in the adult. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of RhoB in the chick and mouse adult retinas and to study its potential role in the maintenance of cell morphology. The distribution of RhoB was studied in situ and pure Müller cell cultures were submitted to Clostridium difficile toxin A and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) treatment in order to inactivate and activate Rho proteins, respectively. Cell morphology, F‐actin arrangement, RhoB, and vimentin distribution were studied by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. The results showed that, in both species, all vimentin‐containing cells also expressed RhoB in situ and in vitro. Toxin A promoted cell rounding and detachment due to actin depolymerization, changing the distribution of RhoB only in chick cells. In serum‐starved cells LPA stimulated actin polymerization and cell spreading, but only in chick cells was RhoB distribution recruited to expanding cellular processes and newly formed focal adhesions. These data suggest that, although RhoB is expressed by Müller cells in chick and mouse, its role in the maintenance of cellular morphology and regulation may be different. In addition, we show that RhoB may be an interesting Müller cell marker in the adult retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:976–985, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal influences on adult stress and anxiety‐like behavior in C57BL/6J and BALB/CJ mice: A cross‐fostering study
Authors: Priebe Kristianne , Brake Wayne G. , Romeo Russell D. , Sisti Helene M. , Mueller Astrid , McEwen Bruce S. , Francis Darlene D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe quality of maternal care during early life has a dramatic impact on later stress reactivity and anxiety. Two inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ, differ in levels of maternal care, stress reactivity, and anxiety‐like behavior in adulthood. However, the relative contribution of early environmental factors and genetic predisposition to differences in these strains is not known. Maternal care, plasma corticosterone levels, emotionality, and hippocampal and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels were measured in adult C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice. Litters were then cross‐fostered and anxiety‐like behavior and stress reactivity was assessed in adulthood. Significantly less maternal care and elevated stress‐induced corticosterone and emotionality was observed in BALB/cJ compared to C57BL/6J mice. Yet, no strain differences were found in hippocampal or paraventricular nucleus glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels. Cross‐fostering did alter anxiety‐like behavior and basal corticosterone levels, which suggests that while genetic differences account for some of the variations between these two strains early rearing conditions also contribute. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 48: 95–96, 2006.
Carboxylate‐Containing Tin(IV) Isopropoxides: Synthesis and Characterization of [Sn(OiPr)2(O2CR)2]2 [R = (CH3)CCH2, C6H5, CH3]
Authors: Martinez‐Ferrero Eugenia , Boubekeur Kamal , Ribot François 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTin(IV) isopropoxide solvate has been modified by treatment with methacrylic, benzoic and acetic acid. For carboxylate to tin ratios ranging from 1.4 to 2, a dimer, namely [Sn(μ2‐OiPr)(OiPr)(O2CR)2]2 [R = (CH3)CCH2, C6H5, CH3], is isolated. Its structure, as determined by X‐ray diffraction on the methacrylate derivative, is based on two seven‐coordinate tin atoms, terminal and bridging isopropoxy ligands, and purely chelating carboxylates. These compounds have also been characterized by 119Sn, 1H, and 13C solution NMR and 119Sn CP‐MAS NMR spectroscopy. The possible use of this dimer as a precursor for carboxylate‐modified tin–oxo clusters has been tested. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of CyclostellettaminesH, I, K and L
Authors: Grube Achim , Timm Christoph , Köck Matthias 
Published: December 2005

AbstractVery recently the new cyclostellettamines H, I, K and L were identified from a Brazilian sponge of the genus Pachychalina. They were isolated together with the known cyclostellettamines A–G in a mixture of only 1.5 mg. To obtain further material for biological investigations, the synthesis of the four new cyclostellettamines has been carried out. Since mass spectrometry plays an essential role in identifying these compounds a systematic analysis of the cyclostellettamines is discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
New Cyclization Mode of [N‐(Diarylmethyleneamino)carbonimidoyl]ketenes: Synthesis of 9H‐Pyrazolo[3,2‐b][1,3]benzoxazines
Authors: Lisowskaya Natalia A. , Alajarin Mateo , Sanchez‐Andrada Pilar 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe thermal decarbonylation of methyl 3‐acyl‐1‐[o‐bromophenyl(phenyl)methyleneamino]‐4,5‐dioxo‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylates2aand2bgave the novel methyl 3‐acyl‐9‐hydroxy‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐pyrazolo[3,2‐b][1,3]benzoxazine‐2‐carboxylates4aand4b, the structures of which were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The proposed mechanism for this conversion, involving the [N‐(o‐bromo‐α‐phenylbenzylideneamino)carbonimidoyl]ketenes5and the mesomeric betaines6as intermediates, has been investigated by ab initio and DFT calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Substituted γ‐ and δ‐Sultams
Authors: Enders Dieter , Moll Alexander , Bats Jan W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn efficient and flexible asymmetric synthesis of various 3‐substituted γ‐ and δ‐sultams is described. The key step is a diastereoselective nucleophilic 1,2‐addition of various organocerium compounds to the CN double bond of ω‐SAMP‐hydrazonosulfonates. The resulting hydrazines were obtained in good to excellent diastereomeric excesses (de = 78 to ≥ 96 %). Removal of the chiral auxiliary by reductive N,N‐bond cleavage afforded the corresponding aminosulfonates without racemisation. Ester hydrolysis and subsequent treatment of the resulting sulfonic acids with phosgene in toluene led to the aminosulfonyl chlorides, which were cyclised to the title compounds in good to excellent overall yields (39–51 %) and high enantiomeric excesses (ee = 78–99 %). The absolute configuration was determined by X‐ray structure analysis and is in accordance with the postulated mechanism for the diastereoselective 1,2‐addition. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Fine mapping of disease genes via haplotype clustering
Authors: Waldron E.R.B. , Whittaker J.C. , Balding D.J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe propose an algorithm for analysing SNP‐based population association studies, which is a development of that introduced by Molitor et al. [2003: Am J Hum Genet 73:1368–1384]. It uses clustering of haplotypes to overcome the major limitations of many current haplotype‐based approaches. We define a between‐haplotype score that is simple, yet appears to capture much of the information about evolutionary relatedness of the haplotypes in the vicinity of a (unobserved) putative causal locus. Haplotype clusters can then be defined via a putative ancestral haplotype and a cut‐off distance. The number of an individual's two haplotypes that lie within the cluster predicts the individual's genotype at the causal locus. This predicted genotype can then be investigated for association with the phenotype of interest. We implement our approach within a Markov‐chain Monte Carlo algorithm that, in effect, searches over locations and ancestral haplotypes to identify large, case‐rich clusters. The algorithm successfully fine‐maps a causal mutation in a test analysis using real data, and achieves almost 98% accuracy in predicting the genotype at the causal locus. A simulation study indicates that the new algorithm is substantially superior to alternative approaches, and it also allows us to identify situations in which multi‐point approaches can substantially improve over single‐SNP analyses. Our algorithm runs quickly and there is scope for extension to a wide range of disease models and genomic scales. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multimarker regression‐based test of linkage for affected sib‐pairs at two linked loci
Authors: Barber Mathew J. , Todd John A. , Cordell Heather J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe address the analytical problem of evaluating the evidence for linkage at a test locus while taking into account the effect of a known linked disease locus. The method we propose is a multimarker regression approach that models the identity‐by‐descent states for affected sib‐pairs at a series of linked markers in terms of the identity‐by‐descent state at the known disease locus. Our method allows analysis to be performed at a test location (or a series of locations) without the requirement that identity‐by‐descent be directly observed at either the test or the known conditioning locus. An advantage of our method is that identity‐by‐descent states from multiple markers are included simultaneously in the test of linkage, without recourse to multipoint imputation. The properties and power of the method are examined under various null and alternative hypotheses. The method is applied to data from a study of 1056 type 1 diabetes families to examine the evidence for an additional putative locus (IDDM15) on chromosome 6q, linked to IDDM1 in the HLA region on chromosome 6p. After accounting for the strong effect of IDDM1 and the differing rates of male and female recombination in the region, we find only marginal evidence for IDDM15 (P=0.03 to 0.002, using different methods) approximately 15 cM centromeric of the original localisation. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor‐Promoting Diterpene Esters from Latex of Euphorbia cauducifolia L.
Authors: Baloch Imam Bakhsh , Baloch Musa Kaleem , Najam us Saqib Qazi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTumor‐promoting characteristics of seven esters, 1–7, obtained from the latex of Euphorbia cauducifolia L. was appraised by carrying out NMRI mice back skin. The structures of 1–7 were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques like 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, 2D‐NMR (HMQC, HMBC, HOHAHA (homonuclear Hartmann–Hahn), NOESY, and NOE), FT‐IR, UV, and MS as esters of 17‐hydroxyingenol, namely 17‐[(2Z,4E,6Z)‐deca‐2,4,6‐trienoyloxy]ingenol (1), 3‐O‐angeloyl‐17‐[(2Z,4E,6Z)‐deca‐2,4,6‐trienoyloxy]ingenol (2), 3‐O‐acetyl‐20‐O‐angeloyl‐17‐hydroxyingenol (3), 17‐(acetyloxy)‐3‐O‐angelyl‐ingenol (4), 20‐O‐acetyl‐3‐O‐angeloyl‐17‐hydroxyingenol (5), 3‐O‐angelyl‐17‐(benzoyloxy)ingenol (6) and 20‐O‐acetyl‐3‐O‐angelyl‐17‐(benzoyloxy)ingenol (7). Compounds 1–4 were isolated for the first time, whereas 5–7 are known metabolites but detected for the first time in this plant. Biological investigations revealed that these compounds are tumor promoters.
Tumour‐cell apoptosis after cisplat in treatment is not telomere dependent
Authors: Jeyapalan Jessie C. , Saretzki Gabriele , Leake Alan , Tilby Michael J. , von Zglinicki Thomas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCisplatin is a major chemotherapeutic agent, especially for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Telomeres with their sequence (TTAGGG)n are probable targets for cisplatin intrastrand cross‐linking, but the role of telomeres in mediating cisplatin cytotoxicity is not clear. After exposure to cisplatin as single dose or continuous treatment, we found no loss of telomeres in either SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells (telomere length, ∼4 kbp), HeLa 229 cells (telomere length, 20 kbp) or in the acute lymphoblastic T cell line 1301 (telomere length, ∼80 kbp). There was no induction of telomeric single strand breaks, telomeric overhangs were not degraded and telomerase activity was down‐regulated only after massive onset of apoptosis. In contrast, cisplatin induced a delayed formation of DNA strand breaks and induced DNA damage foci containing γ‐H2A.X at nontelomeric sites. Interstitial DNA damage appears to be more important than telomere loss or telomeric damage as inducer of the signal pathway towards apoptosis and/or growth arrest in cisplatin‐treated tumour cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression profiling identifies potential relevant genes in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma pathogenesis and discriminates PAX3‐FKHR positive and negative tumors
Authors: De Pittà Cristiano , Tombolan Lucia , Albiero Giada , Sartori Francesca , Romualdi Chiara , Jurman Giuseppe , Carli Modesto , Furlanello Cesare , Lanfranchi Gerolamo , Rosolen Angelo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe analyzed the expression signatures of 14 tumor biopsies from children affected by alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) to identify genes correlating to biological features of this tumor. Seven of these patients were positive for the PAX3‐FKHR fusion gene and 7 were negative. We used a cDNA platform containing a large majority of probes derived from muscle tissues. The comparison of transcription profiles of tumor samples with fetal skeletal muscle identified 171 differentially expressed genes common to all ARMS patients. The functional classification analysis of altered genes led to the identification of a group of transcripts (LGALS1, BIN1) that may be relevant for the tumorigenic processes. The muscle‐specific microarray platform was able to distinguish PAX3‐FKHR positive and negative ARMS through the expression pattern of a limited number of genes (RAC1, CFL1, CCND1, IGFBP2) that might be biologically relevant for the different clinical behavior and aggressiveness of the 2 ARMS subtypes. Expression levels for selected candidate genes were validated by quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms in the growth hormone receptor: A case‐control study in breast cancer
Authors: Wagner Kerstin , Hemminki Kari , Grzybowska Ewa , Bermejo Justo Lorenzo , Butkiewicz Dorota , Pamula Jolanta , Pekala Wioletta , Försti Asta 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe human growth hormone receptor (GHR) mediates the effects of growth hormone (GH1), starting a signalling cascade that is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recently, an isoform of the GHR gene lacking exon 3 (GHRd3) was associated with accelerated responsiveness to growth hormone. In this study, we investigated the association of the GHRd3 polymorphism with breast cancer risk and performed a haplotype analysis with 3 additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Gly186Gly, Cys440Phe and Ile544Leu) in the GHR coding region in a Polish cohort. We did not observe any effect of the 4 polymorphisms on breast cancer risk. Neither did the 3 most common haplotypes influence breast cancer risk. However, a rare haplotype (dGGC), containing the GHRd3 allele, was associated with a decreased breast cancer risk (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.80). © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation analysis of PIK3CA and PIK3CB in esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Phillips Wayne A. , Russell Sarah E. , Ciavarella Marianne L. , Choong David Y.H. , Montgomery Karen G. , Smith Katherine , Pearson Richard B. , Thomas Robert J.S. , Campbell Ian G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMutation of PIK3CA, the gene coding for the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), has been reported in a limited range of human tumors. We now report that PIK3CA is also mutated in esophageal tumors. Single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) were used to screen all 20 exons of PIK3CA in 101 samples from 95 individuals with esophageal cancer and/or Barrett's esophagus. Somatic mutation of PIK3CA was detected in 4 of 35 (11.8%) of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 3 of 50 (6%) adenocarcinomas. No mutations were detected in any of 17 samples of Barrett's esophagus. For PIK3CB, we screened exons 11 and 22, which code for the regions corresponding to the exon 9 and 20 mutational ‘hotspots’ of PIK3CA. No somatic changes were detected in PIK3CB This study extends previous observations in other tumor types by demonstrating the presence of somatic PIK3CA mutations in both SCC and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, thus implicating the PI3K pathway in the initiation and/or progression of esophageal cancers. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of RAD50 in familial breast cancer predisposition
Authors: Tommiska Johanna , Seal Sheila , Renwick Anthony , Barfoot Rita , Baskcomb Linda , Jayatilake Hiran , Bartkova Jirina , Tallila Jonna , Kaare Milja , Tamminen Anitta , Heikkilä Päivi , Evans D. Gareth , Eccles Diana ,   Breast Cancer Susceptibility Collaboration (UK), Aittomäki Kristiina , Blomqvist Carl , Bartek Jiri , Stratton Michael R. , Nevanlinna Heli , Rahman Nazneen 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe genes predisposing to familial breast cancer are largely unknown, but 5 of the 6 known genes are involved in DNA damage repair. RAD50 is part of a highly conserved complex important in recognising, signalling and repairing DNA double‐strand breaks. Recently, a truncating mutation in the RAD50 gene, 687delT, was identified in 2 Finnish breast cancer families. To evaluate the contribution of RAD50 to familial breast cancer, we screened the whole coding region for mutations in 435 UK and 46 Finnish familial breast cancer cases. We identified one truncating mutation, Q350X, in one UK family. We screened a further 544 Finnish familial breast cancer cases and 560 controls for the 687delT mutation, which was present in 3 cases (0.5%) and 1 control (0.2%). Neither Q350X nor 687delT segregated with cancer in the families in which they were identified. Functional analyses suggested that RAD50 687delT is a null allele as there was no detectable expression of the mutant protein. However, the wild‐type allele was retained and expressed in breast tumors from mutation carriers. The abundance of the full‐length RAD50 protein was reduced in carrier lymphoblastoid cells, suggesting a possible haploinsufficiency mechanism. These data indicate that RAD50 mutations are rare in familial breast cancer and either carry no, or a very small, increased risk of cancer. Altogether, these results suggest RAD50 can only be making a very minor contribution to familial breast cancer predisposition in UK and Finland. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Classification of designs with nontrivial automorphism groups
Authors: Eslami Ziba 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a new orderly backtrack algorithm with efficient isomorph rejection for classification of t‐designs. As an application, we classify all simple 2‐(13,3,2) designs with nontrivial automorphism groups. The total number of such designs amounts to 1,897,386. The decomposability of the designs is also considered. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 479–489, 2006
Possible selves and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Janis Irene Belle , Veague Heather Barnett , Driver‐Linn Erin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAlthough clinical theories suggest that people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) experience a confused sense of self, little empirical research has directly examined the self in BPD (Heard & Linehan, 1993; Westen & Cohen, 1993). In this study, 43 female participants, 15 with BPD and 28 without BPD, completed the closed‐ended version of Markus and Wurf's (1987) Possible Selves Questionnaire (PSQ). Participants with BPD were less likely than controls to endorse positive possible selves as current, but more likely to endorse negative possible selves as current, probable, desired, and important. Participants with BPD linked negative and positive selves to their desired selves, which is consistent with the unstable sense of self characteristic of BPD. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 387–394, 2006.