bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threshold of hyperglycaemia associated with mortality in critically ill patients: a multicentre, prospective, observational study using continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Li Siwan , Lu Jingyi , Feng Kaixuan , Huang Xiaoli , Hu Fangbao , Sun Menghan , Zou Yan , Li Yingchuan , Huang Weifeng , Zhou Jian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides comprehensive information on the exposure to dysglycaemia. This study aimed to investigate the threshold of hyperglycaemia related to mortality risk in critically ill patients using CGM technology.

Methods
A total of 293 adult critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units of five medical centres were prospectively included between May 2020 and November 2021. Participants wore intermittently scanned CGM for a median of 12.0 days. The relationships between different predefined time above ranges (TARs), with the thresholds of hyperglycaemia ranging from 7.8 to 13.9 mmol/l (140–250 mg/dl), and in-hospital mortality risk were assessed by multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis. Time in ranges (TIRs) of 3.9 mmol/l (70 mg/dl) to the predefined hyperglycaemic thresholds were also assessed.

Results
Overall, 66 (22.5%) in-hospital deaths were identified. Only TARs with a threshold of 10.5 mmol/l (190 mg/dl) or above were significantly associated with the risk of in-hospital mortality, after adjustment for covariates. Furthermore, as the thresholds for TAR increased from 10.5 mmol/l to 13.9 mmol/l (190 mg/dl to 250 mg/dl), the hazards of in-hospital mortality increased incrementally with every 10% increase in TARs. Similar results were observed concerning the associations between TIRs with various upper thresholds and in-hospital mortality risk. For per absolute 10% decrease in TIR 3.9–10.5 mmol/l (70–190 mg/dl), the risk of in-hospital mortality was increased by 12.1% (HR 1.121 [95% CI 1.003, 1.253]).

Conclusions/interpretation
A glucose level exceeding 10.5 mmol/l (190 mg/dl) was significantly associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients.

Graphical Abstract
Prevalence and risk of sexual violence victimization among mental health service users: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Kaul Anjuli , Connell-Jones Laura , Paphitis Sharli Anne , Oram Sian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
People with mental disorders are more likely to experience sexual violence than the general population, but little is known about the prevalence of sexual violence in people who use psychiatric services. This paper aims to estimate the prevalence and odds of sexual violence victimisation within mental health services by gender and mental health setting (i.e. inpatient, outpatient and mixed settings).

Methods
This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number: CRD4201810019). Three databases (Medline, Embase, PsychINFO) were searched and citation tracking, and reference screening of included studies was conducted. Studies were included if the prevalence and/or risk of sexual violence in psychiatric service users were reported or calculable across the past year or adult lifetime. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed. A random effects meta-analyses was conducted to estimate odds ratios and pooled prevalence estimates of sexual violence in different mental health settings.

Results
Twenty-six studies were included encompassing 197,194 participants. The meta-analyses revealed high pooled prevalence estimates and increased odds of sexual violence victimisation in male and female psychiatric service users compared to non-psychiatric service users.

Conclusions
Mental health practitioners should be trained to respond effectively to disclosures of sexual violence, particularly from these vulnerable groups. Future sexual violence interventions should consider mental health as a treatment outcome.
An experimental hybrid customized AI and generative AI chatbot human machine interface to improve a factory troubleshooting downtime in the context of Industry 5.0
Authors: Kiangala Kahiomba Sonia , Wang Zenghui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThroughout industrial revolutions, equipment downtime mitigations have been one of the ultimate goals of most factories. Several tools, such as human machine interface (HMI) alarming systems or predictive maintenance schedules, assist in reducing system downtime but still depend on the operators’ ability to swiftly retrieve, understand, and efficiently act upon reported failures. We propose the design of a hybrid experimental artificial intelligence (AI) and generative AI chatbot HMI that effectively extracts factory equipment conditions that are useful for troubleshooting and predictive maintenance analysis. We achieve these functions by feeding experimental factory-monitored data to the customized chatbot application tool running in its back-end, a Langchain agent linked to the OpenAI GPT$$-$$
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3.5 language model (LM) via OpenAI APIs. We design our chatbot front-end with Streamlit, an open-source web app. In the context of I5.0, our chatbot HMI uses personalized natural language, English, to interact with the operator, making the information extraction more understandable. We also integrate the generative AI capability of the GPT 3.5 LM that augments the factory data based on the loaded format to create a larger dataset for additional tasks like machine learning modelling. The experimental results show the accuracy of our customized chatbot HMI when retrieving data based on specific prompts and the advantages of a reduced troubleshooting time compared to operations in traditional factories, which are highly dependent on supervisors’ interventions. Our study provides a valuable example of upgrading standard factory HMIs to I5.0-capable ones by implementing customized AI and generative AI chatbots within operational industrial environments.
Dynamic modelling and energy-efficiency optimization in a 3-DOF parallel robot
Authors: Fabris Giuliano , Scalera Lorenzo , Gasparetto Alessandro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnergy efficiency is a challenging and relevant research field in modern manufacturing industries, where robotic systems play an essential role in the automation of several industrial operations. In this paper, we present an approach for the energy-efficiency optimization of a 3-DOF parallel robot. The proposed strategy leverages the task placement, the execution time, and the length of the robot lower arms to minimize the energy consumption for the execution of a predefined high-speed pick-and-place operation. To evaluate the actuators energy consumption, the kinematic, dynamic and electro-mechanic mathematical models, as well as an equivalent multibody model, of the parallel robot are implemented. The results of extensive numerical simulations show that the proposed strategy provides notable improvements in the energy efficiency of the parallel robot, with respect to alternative approaches. Starting from a pick-and-place task with optimal task placement with a consumption of 38.2 J (with a cycle time of 0.4 s), the energy expenditure can be reduced to 3.75 J (with a cycle time of 1.86 s), with a reduction percentage of 90.2%, by additionally optimizing the execution time, and the length of the robot lower arms. These results lead to a reduction from 5733 J/min (for 150 cycles/min) to 121 J/min (for 32 cycles/min), allowing to choose the best trade-off between robot productivity and consumed energy.
Update on Prenatal Detection Rate of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Vuong Tiffany , Wang Shuo , Korst Lisa M. , Pruetz Jay D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) has improved over time, and previous studies have identified CCHD subtype and socioeconomic status as factors influencing rates of prenatal diagnosis. Our objective of this single-center study was to compare prenatal diagnosis rates of newborns with CCHD admitted for cardiac intervention from the COVID-19 pandemic period (March 2020 to March 2021) to the pre-pandemic period and identify factors associated with the lack of CCHD prenatal diagnosis. The overall rate of CCHD and rates of the various CCHD diagnoses were calculated and compared with historical data collection periods (2009–2012 and 2013–2016). Compared with the 2009–2012 pre-pandemic period, patients had 2.17 times higher odds of having a prenatal diagnosis of CCHD during the pandemic period controlling for lesion type (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.36–3.48, p = 0.001). Single ventricle lesions (aOR 6.74 [4.64–9.80], p < 0.001) and outflow tract anomalies (aOR 2.20 [1.56–3.12], p < 0.001) had the highest odds of prenatal diagnosis compared with the remaining lesions. Patients with outflow tract anomalies had higher odds for prenatal detection in the pandemic period compared with during the 2009–2012 pre-pandemic period (aOR 2.01 [1.06–3.78], p = 0.031). In conclusion, prenatal detection of CCHD among newborns presenting for cardiac intervention appeared to have improved during the pandemic period.
Modelling non-local cell-cell adhesion: a multiscale approach
Authors: Zhigun Anna , Rajendran Mabel Lizzy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCell-cell adhesion plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. One of its functions is regulation of cell migration, such as occurs, e.g. during embryogenesis or in cancer. In this work, we develop a versatile multiscale approach to modelling a moving self-adhesive cell population that combines a careful microscopic description of a deterministic adhesion-driven motion component with an efficient mesoscopic representation of a stochastic velocity-jump process. This approach gives rise to mesoscopic models in the form of kinetic transport equations featuring multiple non-localities. Subsequent parabolic and hyperbolic scalings produce general classes of equations with non-local adhesion and myopic diffusion, a special case being the classical macroscopic model proposed in Armstrong et al. (J Theoret Biol 243(1): 98–113, 2006). Our simulations show how the combination of the two motion effects can unfold. Cell-cell adhesion relies on the subcellular cell adhesion molecule binding. Our approach lends itself conveniently to capturing this microscopic effect. On the macroscale, this results in an additional non-linear integral equation of a novel type that is coupled to the cell density equation.
The exponentiated exponentially weighted moving average control chart
Authors: Alevizakos Vasileios , Chatterjee Arpita , Chatterjee Kashinath , Koukouvinos Christos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMemory-type control charts are widely used for monitoring small to moderate shifts in the process parameter(s). In the present article, we present an exponentiated exponentially weighted moving average (Exp-EWMA) control chart that weights the past observations of a process using an exponentiated function. We evaluated the run-length characteristics of the Exp-EWMA chart via Monte Carlo simulations. A comparison study versus the CUSUM, EWMA and extended EWMA (EEWMA) charts under similar in-control (IC) run-length properties demonstrates that the Exp-EWMA chart is more effective for detecting small and, under certain circumstances, moderate shifts for both the zero-state and steady-state cases. Moreover, the Exp-EWMA chart has better zero-state out-of-control (OOC) performance than an EWMA chart with smoothing parameter equal to the limit to the infinity of the exponentiated function, while the two charts perform similarly for the steady-state case. Finally, it is shown that the Exp-EWMA chart is more IC robust than its competitors under several non-normal distributions. Two examples are provided to explain the implementation of the proposed chart
Quantifying the dynamical and radiative processes of the drastically weak South Asian summer monsoon circulation in 2015
Authors: Yu Wei , Xu Lianlian , Yang Song , Zhang Tuantuan , Chen Dake , Chen Junwen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) circulation in 2015 is the weakest since 2000s, which results in severe drought over broad regions of the Indian peninsula. The 2015 SASM is closely related to the weakened summer meridional thermal contrast between southern Eurasia (SE) and the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) at the mid–upper troposphere. Based on an updated climate feedback-response analysis method, this study conducts a quantitative attribution analysis of the thermal contrast anomalies associated with the 2015 SASM to multiple dynamical and radiative processes, particular for aerosol process. Result shows that the 2015 weak SASM is mainly attributed to the effect of water vapor (58%), followed by the effects of atmospheric dynamics (18%), clouds (15%), and aerosols (15%), respectively. These positive effects are partially offset by the negative contribution from surface dynamic process (-14%). As the most pronounced factor, the water vapor process weakens the SASM circulation via inducing SE cooling and TIO warming, which is closely linked to the decreased (increased) specific humidity over SE (TIO). Further analysis indicates that the total effect of aerosols is dominated by the changes in black carbon and sea salt. As two important components, the SE cooling and TIO warming separately account for about 51% and 49% to the 2015 SASM. The former is mainly attributed to the cooling effect of clouds, while the latter is mainly induced by the warming effect of atmospheric dynamics. Our result provides a new insight into the 2015 weak SASM from a quantitative perspective.
A new clinical model for predicting lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Kai , He Hui , Lin Yanyun , Zhang Yanhong , Chen Junguo , Hu Jiancong , He Xiaosheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a crucial factor that determines the prognosis of T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We aimed to develop a practical prediction model for LNM in T1 CRC.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 825 patients with T1 CRC who underwent radical resection at a single center in China. All enrolled patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3 using R software. Risk factors for LNM were identified through multivariate logistic regression analyses. Subsequently, a prediction model was developed using the selected variables.

Results
The lymph node metastasis (LNM) rate was 10.1% in the training cohort and 9.3% in the validation cohort. In the training set, risk factors for LNM in T1 CRC were identified, including depressed endoscopic gross appearance, sex, submucosal invasion combined with tumor grade (DSI-TG), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and tumor budding. LVI emerged as the most potent predictor for LNM. The prediction model based on these factors exhibited good discrimination ability in the validation sets (AUC: 79.3%). Compared to current guidelines, the model could potentially reduce over-surgery by 48.9%. Interestingly, we observed that sex had a differential impact on LNM between early-onset and late-onset CRC patients.

Conclusions
We developed a clinical prediction model for LNM in T1 CRC using five factors that are easily accessible in clinical practice. The model has better predictive performance and practicality than the current guidelines and can assist clinicians in making treatment decisions for T1 CRC patients.
Development of a protocol for standardized use of a water-soluble contrast agent with polyethylene glycol in post-mortem CT angiography
Authors: Bruch G. M. , Grabherr S. , Bruguier C. , Fischer F. T. , Soto R. , Magnin V. , Genet P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractComputed tomography angiography (PMCTA) is increasingly used in postmortem cases. Standardized validated protocols permit to compare different PMCTA images and make it more easily to defend a case in court. In addition to the well-known technique by Grabherr et al. (2011) which is using paraffin oil as a carrier substance, water-soluble polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) can be used in combination with the contrast agent Accupaque® 300. As to date, there exists no standardized protocol for the use of this contrast agent mixture, the aim of this study was to develop a protocol using it. Between 2012 and 2022, 23 PMCTA with PEG200 and Accupaque®300 were performed at the University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne (Switzerland) and the Institute of Forensic Medicine Munich (Germany). The images obtained were evaluated regarding the opacification of the vessels and possible artefacts. The best image quality was obtained with a mixing ratio of 1:15 (Accupaque®300:PEG200) and a perfusion volume of 1000 ml in the arterial, 1400 ml in the venous and 350 ml in the dynamic phase. The infusion rates described by Grabherr et al. were confirmed for the three phases. Overall, the opacification of the vessels was diagnostically sufficient. In 13 cases no opacification of the right coronary artery was observed due to a stratification artefact. By using the PMCTA protocol with PEG200 as a carrier, a good overall image quality can be achieved. This protocol offers the possibility to standardize PMCTA with PEG200.
Acute recanalization therapy for ischemic stroke during pregnancy and puerperium
Authors: Richardt Anna , Aarnio Karoliina , Korhonen Aino , Rantanen Kirsi , Verho Liisa , Curtze Sami , Laivuori Hannele , Gissler Mika , Tikkanen Minna , Ijäs Petra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy for an ischemic stroke (IS) during pregnancy and puerperium are poorly studied. We evaluated the complications and outcome of recanalization therapy in maternal ISs.

Methods
A nationwide cohort of maternal ISs in Finland during 1987–2016 was collected by linking national healthcare registers: Medical Birth Register, Hospital Discharge Register, and Cause-Of-Death Register. The diagnoses were verified retrospectively from patient records. IVT-treated patients were compared to controls, who were young females with non-pregnancy-related IS from the Helsinki Stroke Thrombolysis Registry.

Results
Totally, 12 of 97 (12.4%) maternal ISs were treated with recanalization therapy. Compared to controls, IVT-treated maternal IS patients had more frequently early (age-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 7.63, 95% CI 1.49–39.04) and major (aOR = 8.59, 95% CI 2.09–35.31) neurological improvements, measured using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Good functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) at three months were equally common in maternal ISs and controls. No other complications were observed in IVT-treated maternal ISs than 1 (9.1%) symptomatic nonfatal intracranial hemorrhage. Among maternal IS patients treated with recanalization or conventional therapy, good functional outcome at the end of the follow-up was less common in recanalization-treated patients (66.7% vs 89.4%, aOR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.052–0.90), but otherwise outcomes were similar.

Conclusions
In this small nationwide cohort of maternal ISs, the complications of recanalization therapy were rare, and the outcomes were similar in IVT-treated maternal IS patients and controls. Maternal ISs should not be excluded from recanalization therapy in otherwise eligible situations.
Cognition and health-related quality of life in long-term survivors of high-grade glioma: an interactive perspective from patient and caregiver
Authors: Spoor Jochem K. H. , Donders-Kamphuis Marike , Veenstra Wencke S. , van Dijk Sarah A. , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Sillevis Smitt Peter A. E. , van den Bent Martin J. , Leenstra Sieger , Satoer Djaina D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cognition are important indicators for the quality of survival in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG). However, data on long-term survivors and their caregivers are scarce. We aim to investigate the interaction between cognition and HRQoL in long-term survivors, their caregivers’ evaluations, and the effect on caregiver strain and burden.

Methods
21 long-term HGG (8 WHO grade III and 13 WHO grade IV) survivors (survival ≥ 5 years) and 15 caregivers were included. Cognition (verbal memory, attention, executive functioning, and language), HRQoL, anxiety and depression, caregiver strain, and caregiver burden were assessed with standardized measures. Questionnaires were completed by patients and/or their caregivers.

Results
Mean survival was 12 years (grade III) and 8 years (grade IV). Cognition was significantly impaired with a large individual variety. Patients’ general HRQoL was not impaired but all functioning scales were deviant. Patient-proxy agreement was found in most HRQoL subscales. Three patients (14%) showed indications of anxiety or depression. One-third of the caregivers reported a high caregiver strain or a high burden. Test scores for attention, executive functioning, language, and/or verbal memory were correlated with perceived global health status, cognitive functioning, and/or communication deficits. Caregiver burden was not related to cognitive deficits.

Conclusions
In long-term HGG survivors maintained HRQoL seems possible even when cognition is impaired in a large variety at the individual level. A tailored approach is therefore recommended to investigate the cognitive impairments and HRQoL in patients and the need for patient and caregiver support.
Modelling vegetation phenology at six field stations within the U.S. Great Plains: constructing a 38-year timeseries of GCC, VCI, NDVI, and EVI2 using PhenoCam imagery and DAYMET meteorological records
Authors: Burke Morgen W. V. , Rundquist Bradley C. , Caparó Bellido Anaí 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVegetation phenology models still rely on temperature as the primary limiting factor to growth. They generally do not recognize the importance of photoperiod and water availability, which can cause them to under-perform. Moreover, few models have used machine learning algorithms to find relationships in the data. In this paper, four Vegetation Indexes (VIs), namely the green chromatic coordinate (GCC), the vegetation contrast index (VCI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the two-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2), are predicted for the North American Great Plains. This is possible by using six PhenoCams, Daily Surface Weather and Climatological Summaries (DAYMET), processing them with the machine learning algorithm XGBoost (XGB) and comparing them with seven phenophase stages throughout a growth cycle. Examining the results, GCC was the best fitting model with an R2 of 0.946, while EVI2 was the poorest with an R2 of 0.895. Also, the results indicate that changing temperature and precipitation patterns are driving a significant change in phenology of the grasslands. We developed a model capable of explaining 90 to 93% of the variability in four VIs across six grassland PhenoCam sites over the growing season using the XGB regression. Our model demonstrates the importance of including photoperiod, temperature, and precipitation information when modeling vegetation phenology. Finally, we were able to construct a 38-year phenology record at each PhenoCam location.