bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halogenated 9H‐Indeno[1,2‐b]Pyrazine‐2,3‐Dicarbonitrile End Groups Based Asymmetric Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for Green Solvent‐Processable, Additive‐Free, and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gopikrishna Peddaboodi , Choi Huijeong , Kim Do Hui , Lee Dongchan , Hwang Jun Ho , Jin Seon‐Mi , Lee Eunji , Cho Shinuk , Kim BongSoo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNon‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) significantly enhance photovoltaic performance in organic solar cells (OSCs) using halogenated solvents and additives. However, these solvents are environmentally detrimental and unsuitable for industrial‐scale production, and the issue of OSCs’ poor long‐term stability persists. This report introduces eight asymmetric NFAs (IPCnF‐BBO‐IC2F, IPCnF‐BBO‐IC2Cl, IPCnCl‐BBO‐IC2F, and IPCnCl‐BBO‐IC2Cl, where n = 1 and 2). These NFAs comprise a 12,13‐bis(2‐butyloctyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno‐[3,2‐b]indole (BBO) core. One end of the core attaches to a mono‐ or di‐halogenated 9H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile (IPC) end group (IPC1F, IPC1Cl, IPC2F, or IPC2Cl), while the other end connects to a 2‐(5,6‐dihalo‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (IC) end group (IC2F or IC2Cl). The optical and electronic properties of these NFAs can be finely tuned by controlling the number of halogen atoms. Crucially, these NFAs demonstrate excellent compatibility with PM6 even in o‐xylene, facilitating the production of additive‐free OSCs. The di‐halogenated IPC‐based NFAs outperform their mono‐halogenated counterparts in photovoltaic performance within OSCs. Remarkably, the di‐halogenated IPC‐based NFAs maintain 94‒98% of their initial PCEs over 2000 h in air without encapsulation, indicating superior long‐term device stability. These findings imply that the integration of di‐halogenated IPCs in asymmetric NFA design offers a promising route to efficient, stable OSCs manufactured through environmentally friendly processes.
First molecular subtyping and zoonotic significance of Blastocystis sp. in Dromedary (C. dromedarius) and Bactrian (C. bactrianus) camels in Iran: A molecular epidemiology and review of available literature
Authors: Asghari Ali , Yousefi Amirhosein , Badali Roya , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Shamsi Laya , Maleki Farajolah , Bahrami Ali Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundBlastocystis sp. is a zoonotic protozoan parasite, and there is limited information about its molecular prevalence and subtypes (STs) distribution in camels globally, especially in Iran.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the prevalence, STs distribution, and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp. in one‐humped and two‐humped camels in Ardabil province, northwestern Iran.MethodsA PCR‐sequencing tool using the SSU rRNA gene was employed to examine the occurrence and genetic variation of Blastocystis sp. in 150 faecal samples from Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus, 50 samples) and Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius, 100 samples) camels in Ardabil province.ResultsThe overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in camels was determined to be 12% (18/150) through microscopy and PCR analyses. Phylogenetically, this study identified three distinct zoonotic STs: ST7, ST10, and ST14. ST10 was the most prevalent, comprising 50% (9/18) of the isolated STs from camels. ST14 closely followed with 38.9% (7/18), while ST7 made up 11.1% (2/18) of the total STs. In brief, ST10, ST14, and ST7 represented 50% (7/14), 35.7% (5/14), and 14.3% (2/14) of the Blastocystis‐positive cases in one‐humped camels, respectively. Further, each of the ST10 and ST14 accounted for 50% (2/4) of the Blastocystis‐positive samples in two‐humped camels. An analysis of the available data reveals that out of the 37–44 identified Blastocystis STs, 15 (ST1–ST7, ST10, ST14, ST15, ST21, ST24, ST25, ST26, and ST30) have been reported in camels. The predominant STs observed are ST10 and ST14. Furthermore, among the 15 zoonotic STs (ST1–ST10, ST12–ST14, ST16, and ST23) of Blastocystis reported thus far, nine zoonotic STs (ST1–ST7, ST10, and ST14) have been found in camels.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that camels serve as a proper reservoir for a diverse array of Blastocystis STs and thereby can play a significant role in the transmission of this protozoan infection to humans, animals, and water reservoirs.
Comparing methanol and glycerol as carbon sources for mainstream partial denitrification/anammox in an IFAS process
Authors: Bachmann Megan , Parsons Mike , Klaus Stephanie , Kurt Halil , Chandran Kartik , Stockard Daniel , Wells George , De Clippeleir Haydee , Bott Charles 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explored the implementation of mainstream partial denitrification with anammox (PdNA) in the second anoxic zone of a wastewater treatment process in an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) configuration. A pilot study was conducted to compare the use of methanol and glycerol as external carbon sources for an IFAS PdNA startup, with a goal to optimize nitrogen removal while minimizing carbon usage. The study also investigated the establishment of anammox bacteria on virgin carriers in IFAS reactors without the use of seeding, and it is the first IFAS PdNA startup to use methanol as an external carbon source. The establishment of anammox bacteria was confirmed in both reactors 102 days after startup. Although the glycerol‐fed reactor achieved a higher steady‐state maximum ammonia removal rate because of anammox bacteria (1.6 ± 0.3 g/m2/day) in comparison with the methanol‐fed reactor (1.2 ± 0.2 g/m2/day), both the glycerol‐ and methanol‐fed reactors achieved similar average in situ ammonia removal rates of 0.39 ± 0.2 g/m2/day and 0.40 ± 0.2 g/m2/day, respectively. Additionally, when the upstream ammonia versus NOx (AvN) control system maintained an ideal ratio of 0.40–0.50 g/g, the methanol‐fed reactor attained a lower average effluent TIN concentration (3.50 ± 1.2 mg/L) than the glycerol‐fed reactor (4.43 ± 1.6 mg/L), which was prone to elevated nitrite concentrations in the effluent. Overall, this research highlights the potential for PdNA in IFAS configurations as an efficient and cost‐saving method for wastewater treatment, with methanol as a viable carbon source for the establishment of anammox bacteria.Practitioner Points

Methanol is an effective external carbon source for an anammox startup that avoids the need for costly alternative carbon sources.
The methanol‐fed reactor demonstrated higher TIN removal compared with the glycerol‐fed reactor because of less overproduction of nitrite.
Anammox bacteria was established in an IFAS reactor without seeding and used internally stored carbon to reduce external carbon addition.
Controlling the influent ammonia versus NOx (AvN) ratio between 0.40 and 0.50 g/g allowed for low and stable TIN effluent conditions.
Fan and Ludic Practices for Enhancing EFL Writing and Reflection
Authors: Vazquez-Calvo Boris , York James 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFan and ludic teaching practices can enhance student engagement and the meaningfulness of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) activities in both English teaching and teacher training courses. To elucidate, fan teaching practices integrate fan cultures and interests into the learning experience, while ludic ones employ playful objects and methods for educational purposes. Inspired by these approaches, we introduce Story by Memes as an exemplary activity sequence. Tailored to set the tone for an EFL teacher training course, the activity challenges advanced EFL learners and student teachers to design a digital multimodal composition. They achieve this by harnessing the power of memes: humorously captioned digital images crafted to spotlight distinct ideas or jests. Beyond creativity, Story by Memes paves the way for enriched discourse and pragmatic language performance; sparks deep metacognitive reflection on writing, digital discourse, and new literacies; and serves to make visible participants’ identities as fans, language learners, and prospective language teachers. With its adaptable nature, this activity is suitable for a spectrum of target languages, diverse learner demographics, and varied pedagogical goals. The result is a deeply resonant learning experience that not only harnesses authentic language use but also reflects learners’ everyday literacy practices.
Self-Interest and the Common Good in Early Modern Philosophy
Authors: Heydt Colin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, I taxonomize early modern modes of relating self-interest and the common good. I discuss Protestant natural law theory, republicanism, utilitarianism, and—my main focus—Scottish social thought from Adam Smith and others. My aim is twofold. First, historically, I lay out the conceptual field for the early modern relation of self-interest and the common good while giving special attention to Scottish innovations. Second, from a philosophical point of view, I argue that the Scottish theory of the common good offers some of the best conceptual resources for considering the relation of individual and community in present-day large, industrial nation-states and empires. More specifically, I claim that the Scots develop a concept of the common good that is (1) more social and economic than its alternatives, (2) more systemic and less dependent on the psychology and intentions of individuals, and (3) less tied to thick notions of community (including the state) and more amenable to empire. I conclude by bringing out the significance of these claims for our thinking about self-interest, the common good, and community.
Interpreting Aristotle’s Concept of the Common Good
Authors: Celano Anthony J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProviding a definitive interpretation of many ideas in Aristotle’s moral and political works has proved to be a difficult task for his commentators, both ancient and modern. The relation between the individual human good and the communal good is a particularly complex problem, especially because of its association with complicated notions of human happiness, practical wisdom, and contemplative and political virtue. This chapter considers the question of the superiority of the common good over individual happiness in light of these accompanying ideas. The many conflicting explanations of these doctrines are the result of Aristotle’s method of providing only general principles and a broad outline of moral concepts. That there may never be a consensus on the exact meaning of many of Aristotle’s ideas may not be a weakness in his work but rather a strength, which he himself had envisaged, since he allows the practically wise person to determine the best course of action in order to attain human goodness.
Medieval Monastic Ideas of the Compatibility Between the Individual and the Common Good
Authors: Palmén Ritva 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe discussion about the compatibility of the common good and individual good was a pressing theme in medieval monastic texts and moral philosophy. Monastic authors typically relied on the premises of ethical eudaimonism, which stresses the idea that the virtuous agent’s good is maximized and the individual and common good are in harmony. This chapter argues that rather than constructing a concise theory of the common good and individual good, theologians elaborated on related themes such as the problem of achieving the common good, common utility, self-interest, self-love, or individual needs and their role in communal life. Moreover, the vocabulary was undetermined since the common good and individual good could refer either to metaphysical and theological ideas or to more limited material welfare and utility. By analysing samples from the monastic rules of common living and from the individual authors (Peter Abelard, Hugh of St Victor and Aelred of Rievaulx), the chapter will systematically discuss scattered but original developments that contributed to later theoretical analyses of the common good and individual good.
Common Goods and the Common Good in John Duns Scotus
Authors: Faucher Nicolas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractJohn Duns Scotus did not devote a treatise or even a question to the matter of the common good, or the good of the community, as opposed to the good of the individual. Throughout his moral and political writings, he did, however, provide a sketch of his views regarding the general nature of the common good, defined as what is to be preserved by the laws of human communities as well as regarding the way in which this can be applied concretely. Most of the developments that pertain to this topic can be found in Ordinatio 4, distinction 15, question 2, a question devoted to whether a penitent thief ought to make restitution to his victims. In discussing this, Scotus produces a short biblical genealogy of private property as it was known and practiced in the societies of his time: it was instituted in answer to the Fall to ensure that humans interact peacefully and that each of them has what they need to survive. This goal is a general definition of the common good itself, which is obtained by making all goods private and by having a wise ruler to arbitrate all conflicts. This chapter examines what this view entails.
Old Wine in New Wineskins: William Ockham and the Common Good in Context
Authors: Lambertini Roberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present chapter investigates the use of the expression bonum commune in two political works by William of Ockham: the third part of the Dialogus and the Octo quaestiones de potestate papae. The choice of these works is motivated by the fact that they represent the final – and most mature – phase of the English Franciscan’s political reflection. Relying on the findings of previous scholarship, the author believes it is appropriate to focus on the use of the expression rather than on a determination of its meaning, which seems to be taken for granted by Ockham. The contribution highlights three main uses of the expression: (1) as a criterion for distinguishing, along the lines of Aristotle’s Politics, between upright and deviant constitutional forms; (2) as a limit to the exercise of power by a legitimate power; and (3) as “a conceptual device” that aims to relativise the conclusions of political theory (e.g., the identification of the best constitutional form), motivated by Ockham’s awareness of the intrinsic contingency and mutability of historical events. Indeed, safeguarding the common good in certain situations, according to the English Franciscan, may require a solution that deviates from the ideal paradigm. In the course of the analysis, it appears that Ockham, despite his reputation as an individualist philosopher, consistently applies the principle of the subordination of the individual good to the common good.
Is Socrates Permitted to Kill Plato?
Authors: Toivanen Juhana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyses how one thirteenth century Parisian philosopher, Nicholas of Vaudémont (fl. 1370s), understood the tension between the common good in the sense of the good of the community as a whole, and individual good in his commentary of Aristotle’s Politics. The analysis proceeds in relation to two of Nicholas’ questions. The first of them concerns the classical problem of whether or not a virtuous person should sacrifice his life for the sake of his community; and the second question is related to the justification of capital punishment for the sake of the common good. It is claimed that Nicholas entertains at least a theoretical possibility that virtuous action may not necessarily entail the common good and that he further distinguishes the concern for the common good from the private sphere by arguing that responsibility of the common good rests solely with the political ruler. As a result, the tension becomes a fracture as the theoretical distance between the good of an individual and the common good widens.
Asynchronous Subtyping by Trace Relaxation
Authors: Bocchi Laura , King Andy , Murgia Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSession subtyping answers the question of whether a program in a communicating system can be safely substituted for another, when their communication behaviours are described by session types. Asynchronous session subtyping is undecidable, hence the interest in devising sound, although incomplete, subtyping algorithms. State-of-the-art algorithms are formulated in terms of a data-structure called input trees. We show how input trees can be replaced by sets of traces, which opens up opportunities for applying techniques abstract interpretation techniques to the problem of asynchronous session subtyping. Sets of traces can be relaxed (enlarged) whilst still allowing subtyping to be observed, and one can choose relaxations that can be finitely represented, even when the input trees are arbitrarily large. We instantiate this strategy using regular expressions and show that it allows subtyping to be mechanically proven for communication patterns that were previously out of reach.
VeSCMul: Verified Implementation of S-C-Rewriting for Multiplier Verification
Authors: Temel Mertcan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFormal verification of multipliers is difficult. This paper pre-sents a custom tool, VeSCMul, designed to address this problem. VeSCMul can be effectively applied to a wide range of hardware verification challenges, including multipliers with saturation, flags, shifting, truncation, accumulation, dot product, and even floating-point multiplication. The tool is highly automated with a user-friendly interface, and it is very efficient; for instance, verification for designs with 64-bit operands can finish in seconds. Notably, VeSCMul has been successfully utilized for both commercial designs and publicly available benchmarks. Regarding the reliability of its results, VeSCMul itself is fully verified, instilling confidence in its users for soundness. It also has the option to be used with a SAT solver for completeness and counterexample generation. Readers of this paper will gain insights into the capabilities and limitations of VeSCMul, as well as how to employ it for the verification of their own designs.
Z3-Noodler: An Automata-based String Solver
Authors: Chen Yu-Fang , Chocholatý David , Havlena Vojtěch , Holík Lukáš , Lengál Ondřej , Síč Juraj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZ3-Noodleris a fork ofZ3that replaces its string theory solver with a custom solver implementing the recently introduced stabilization-based algorithm for solving word equations with regular constraints. An extensive experimental evaluation shows thatZ3-Noodleris a fully-fledged solver that can compete with state-of-the-art solvers, surpassing them by far on many benchmarks. Moreover, it is often complementary to other solvers, making it a suitable choice as a candidate to a solver portfolio.
TaSSAT: Transfer and Share SAT
Authors: Chowdhury Md Solimul , Codel Cayden R. , Heule Marijn J. H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present , a powerful local search SAT solver that effectively solves hard combinatorial problems. Its unique approach of transferring clause weights in local minima enhances its efficiency in solving problem instances. Since it is implemented on top of , benefits from practical techniques such as restart strategies and thread parallelization. Our implementation includes a parallel version that shares data structures across threads, leading to a significant reduction in memory usage. Our experiments demonstrate that outperforms similar solvers on a vast set of SAT competition benchmarks. Notably, with the parallel configuration of , we improve lower bounds for several van der Waerden numbers.
Fully Generalized Reactivity(1) Synthesis
Authors: Ehlers Rüdiger , Khalimov Ayrat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGeneralized Reactivity(1) (GR(1)) synthesis is a reactive synthesis approach in which the specification is split into two parts: a symbolic game graph, describing the safe transitions of a system, a liveness specification in a subset of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) on top of it. Many specifications can naturally be written in this restricted form, and the restriction gives rise to a scalable synthesis procedure – the reasons for the high popularity of the approach. For specifications even slightly beyond GR(1), however, the approach is inapplicable. This necessitates a transition to synthesizers for full LTL specifications, introducing a huge efficiency drop. This paper proposes a synthesis approach that smoothly bridges the efficiency gap from GR(1) to LTL by unifying synthesis for both classes of specifications. The approach leverages a recently introduced canonical representation of omega-regular languages based on a chain of good-for-games co-Büchi automata (COCOA). By constructing COCOA for the liveness part of a specification, we can then build a fixpoint formula that can be efficiently evaluated on the symbolic game graph. The COCOA-based synthesis approach outperforms standard approaches and retains the efficiency of GR(1) synthesis for specifications in GR(1) form and those with few non-GR(1) specification parts.
CESAR: Control Envelope Synthesis via Angelic Refinements
Authors: Kabra Aditi , Laurent Jonathan , Mitsch Stefan , Platzer André 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for synthesizing provably correct control envelopes for hybrid systems. Control envelopes characterize families of safe controllers and are used to monitor untrusted controllers at runtime. Our algorithm fills in the blanks of a hybrid system’s sketch specifying the desired shape of the control envelope, the possible control actions, and the system’s differential equations. In order to maximize the flexibility of the control envelope, the synthesized conditions saying which control action can be chosen when should be as permissive as possible while establishing a desired safety condition from the available assumptions, which are augmented if needed. An implicit, optimal solution to this synthesis problem is characterized using hybrid systems game theory, from which explicit solutions can be derived via symbolic execution and sound, systematic game refinements. Optimality can be recovered in the face of approximation via a dual game characterization. The resulting algorithm, Control Envelope Synthesis via Angelic Refinements (CESAR), is demonstrated in a range of safe control envelope synthesis examples with different control challenges.
Higgs boson pair production and decay at NLO in QCD: the $$ b\overline{b}\gamma \gamma $$ final state
Authors: Li Hai Tao , Si Zong-Guo , Wang Jian , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Dan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Higgs boson pair production at the LHC provides a probe to the Higgs boson self-coupling. The higher-order QCD corrections in this process are sizable and must be taken into account in comparison with data. Due to the small cross section, it is necessary to consider at least one of the Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quarks. The QCD corrections to the decay processes would also be important in such cases. We present a full calculation of the total and differential cross sections for the $$ b\overline{b}\gamma \gamma $$
b

b
¯

γγ
final state with next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections. After applying typical kinematic cuts in the final state, we find that QCD NLO corrections in the decay decrease the LO result by 19% and reduce the scale uncertainties by a factor of two. The QCD corrections to the invariant mass mjjγγ distribution, the transverse momentum spectra of the leading bottom quark jet and photon are significant and can not be approximated by a constant factor.