bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do multidimensional intrinsic and extrinsic motivation profiles discriminate between athlete scholarship status and gender?
Authors: Kingston Kieran M. , Horrocks Chris S. , Hanton Sheldon 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to examine whether levels of multidimensional intrinsic, multidimensional extrinsic motivation and amotivation could accurately discriminate scholarship status and gender in United States collegiate athletes. Participants comprised 82 male (M age = 19.89, SD=1.39) and 90 female (M age = 20.26, SD=1.63) collegiate athletes. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire and the Sports Motivation Scale (Pelletier, L.G., Fortier, M.S., Vallerand, R.J., Tuson, K. M., Brière, N.M., & Blais, M.R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sports Motivation Scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17, 35–53). Two‐group discriminant analysis revealed a significant canonical function correctly classifying 72.8% of the cases into either the scholarship or non‐scholarship group. The least self‐determined forms of extrinsic motivation were the strongest contributors to this discrimination. With respect to gender, a significant discriminant function existed, again with the least self‐determined forms of extrinsic motivation representing the strongest discriminating variables. The results provide converging evidence that rewards such as scholarships can undermine intrinsic motivation. Further, as well as being consistent with theoretical predictions embedded in cognitive evaluation theory, the results of this study suggest that in addition to undermining intrinsic motivation, scholarships could foster non‐self‐determined forms of motivation.
Multivariate isokinetic asymmetry of the knee and shoulder in elite volleyball players
Authors: Markou S. , Vagenas G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMuscle strength asymmetries have been investigated in athletes under the assumption of their connection to functional discrepancies and injuries. In volleyball, which is a highly asymmetric sport, this assumption becomes a well established research hypothesis. Given the almost complete lack of scientific evidence on this hypothesis, the present study focused on the detailed multivariate quantification of muscle asymmetries in offensive volleyball players. Twenty‐four elite athletes (age 24.71±4.44 years, weight 84.62±6.24, height 190.08±5.58) were tested for concentric isokinetic muscle strength (a) of the internal and external rotators of the shoulder and (b) of the quadriceps and hamstrings of the knee at 60o/s. Significant multivariate results were found for absolute (Max‐Min) asymmetry in the upper (Hotteling's T 2=8.801, F=7.447, P=0.001) and the lower limbs (Hotteling's T 2=16.382, F=13.862, P=0.000), for fluctuating asymmetry (Dominant‐Non Dominant) in the upper limbs (Hotteling's T 2=5.584, F=4.296, P=0.013) and for directional asymmetry (Left‐Right) in the lower limbs (Hotteling's T 2=3.593, F=3.041, P=0.036). It appears that the upper and lower limbs of offensive volleyball players present significant composite muscle strength asymmetries, which should be taken into consideration in training and rehabilitation.
ECSS position statement: Exercise and obesity
Authors: Fogelholm Mikael , Stallknecht Bente , Van Baak Marleen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis is a review on the effects of physical exercise on weight, body composition and health in prevention and management of obesity. Individuals who maintain or increase their physical activity also show the best weight control over a period of several years. However, physical activity at baseline of prospective studies does not consistently predict weight change, perhaps because of changes in physical activity during the follow‐up. Moderate‐intensity (e.g. walking) physical activity during dietinduced weight reduction leads to modest improvements in weight, abdominal fat and total fat loss. Moderate exercise 250–300 min/wk is recommended for weight reducing purposes. For maintenance of reduced body weight, more than 60 min moderate exercise per day after weight reduction might be needed. Studies have found a more pronounced training‐induced loss of visceral compared to subcutaneous fat in overweight and obese subjects. Physical activity will help to lower risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese individuals and that more pronounced effects can be attained in combination with maintained weight loss. The intensity of physical activity should be at least moderate (>30–40% VO2max) to cause metabolic health benefits. A suitable frequency for moderate‐intensity physical activity seems to be daily, and for vigorous activity every other day.
Administrative Data Fail to Accurately Identify Cases of Healthcare-Associated Infection
Authors: Sherman Eileen R. , Heydon Kateri H. , John Keith H. St. , Teszner Eva , Rettig Susan L. , Alexander Sharon K. , Zaoutis Theoklis Z. , Coffin Susan E. 
Published: April 2006

Objective.Some policy makers have embraced public reporting of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) as a strategy for improving patient safety and reducing healthcare costs. We compared the accuracy of 2 methods of identifying cases of HAI: review of administrative data and targeted active surveillance.Design, Setting, and Participants.A cross-sectional prospective study was performed during a 9-month period in 2004 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, a 418-bed academic pediatric hospital. “True HAI” cases were defined as those that met the definitions of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System and that were detected by a trained infection control professional on review of the medical record. We examined the sensitivity and the positive and negative predictive values of identifying HAI cases by review of administrative data and by targeted active surveillance.Results.We found similar sensitivities for identification of HAI cases by review of administrative data (61%) and by targeted active surveillance (76%). However, the positive predictive value of identifying HAI cases by review of administrative data was poor (20%), whereas that of targeted active surveillance was 100%.Conclusions.The positive predictive value of identifying HAI cases by targeted active surveillance is very high. Additional investigation is needed to define the optimal detection method for institutions that provide HAI data for comparative analysis.
Influenza Immunization in Nursing Homes: Who Does Not Get Immunized and Whose Status Is Unknown?
Authors: Marsteller Jill A. , Tiggle Ronald , Remsburg Robin , Shefer Abigail , Bardenheier Barbara 
Published: April 2006

Objective.To identify nursing home resident and facility characteristics associated with patients not receiving influenza immunization and having unknown immunization status.Design.Secondary data analysis using multinomial logistic regression of data from the National Nursing Home Survey, a nationally representative establishment-based survey.Setting.A total of 1,423 nursing facilities of all ownerships and certifications systematically sampled with probability proportional to number of beds.Patients.A total of 7,350 randomly sampled people aged 65 years or older residing in nursing homes between July and December 1999 (approximately 6 per facility).Main Outcome Measure.Immunization status of residents.Results.Fifteen percent of residents were not immunized and 19% had unknown immunization status. In multivariate analysis, lack of immunization and unknown immunization status were each separately associated with being newly admitted, with no or unknown pneumococcal immunization, and with facility failures to screen for immunization and to record inoculation in the medical record. High-risk status and staff immunization requirements had no effect. Separate analyses showed that residents with unknown immunization status are statistically significantly different from both those vaccinated and those not vaccinated.Conclusion.This study indicates that both resident and facility characteristics are associated with failure to be immunized for influenza. Facilities should consider targeting younger, newly admitted, and residential care residents for influenza immunization, since they are more likely to be missed. Further research into the barriers to immunization specific to nursing home resident choice or opportunity may be warranted.
Outbreak of Infection WithAcinetobacterStrain RUH 1139 in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Vegas Elsa Zuleima Salazar De , Nieves Beatriz , Araque Maria , Velasco Elsa , Ruíz Joaquim , Vila Jordi 
Published: April 2006

Objective.To investigate a nosocomial outbreak of infection withAcinetobacterstrain RUH 1139, in the unit of high neonatal risk at University Hospital of The Andes (Mérida, Venezuela).Methods.Twenty-eightAcinetobacterstrains were detected by biochemical testing and further identified to the species level by examination of the gene encoding 16S ribosomal DNA, using restriction analysis and gene sequencing. The epidemiological relationship between the strains was established by means of repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by disk diffusion.Results.The spread of an epidemic strain ofAcinetobacterRUH 1139 among 16 patients over a period of 3 months was demonstrated using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PFGE, and REP-PCR. The epidemic strain was also isolated in 2 of the sampled parenteral nutrition solutions. All the patients involved in the infection outbreak had received parenteral solution. Moreover, strains ofAcinetobacterRUH 1139 with another PFGE pattern and ofA. baumanniiwere sporadically isolated before and during the outbreak.Conclusion.This is the first description of an outbreak of infection with this genospecies ofAcinetobacterin which parenteral nutrition solution was potentially the infection source.
Sampling for Collection of Central Line–Day Denominators in Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Klevens R. M. , Tokars J. I. , Edwards J. , Horan T. ,   National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System
Published: April 2006

Objective.To determine the feasibility of estimating the number of central line-days at a hospital from a sample of months or individual days in a year, for surveillance of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections.Design.We used data reported to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system in the adult and pediatric intensive care unit component for 1995-2003 and data from a sample of hospitals' daily counts of device use for 12 consecutive months. We calculated the percentile error as the central line-associated bloodstream infection percentile based on rates per line-days minus the percentile based on rates per estimated line-days.Setting and Participants.A total of 247 hospitals were used for sampling whole months and 12 hospitals were used for sampling individual days.Results.For a 1-month sample of central line–days data, the median percentile error was 3.3 (75th percentile, 7.9; 90th percentile, 15.4). The percentile error decreased with an increase in the number of months sampled. For a 3-month sample, the median percentile error was 1.4 (75th percentile, 4.3; 95th percentile, 8.3). Sampling individual days throughout the year yielded lower percentile errors than sampling an equivalent fraction of whole months. With 1 weekday sampled per week, the median percentile error ranged from 0.65 to 1.40, and the 90th percentile ranged from 2.8 to 5.0. Thus, for 90% of units, collecting data on line-days once a week provides an estimate within ± 5 percentile points of the true line-day rate.Conclusion.Sample-based estimates of central line-days can yield results that are acceptable for surveillance of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections.
Device-Associated Nosocomial Infection Rates in Turkish Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Units
Authors: Inan Dilara , Saba Rabin , Yalcin Ata Nevzat , Yilmaz Murat , Ongut Gozde , Ramazanoglu Atilla , Mamikoglu Latife 
Published: April 2006

Objective.To describe the incidence of device-associated nosocomial infections in medical-surgical intensive care units (MS ICUs) in a university hospital in Turkey and compare it with National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system rates.Design.Prospective surveillance study during a period of 27 months. Device utilization ratios and device-associated infection rates were calculated using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and NNIS definitions.Setting.Two separate MS ICUs at Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.Patients.All patients were included who presented with no signs and symptoms of infection within the first 48 hours after admission.Results.Data on 1,985 patients with a total of 16,892 patient-days were analyzed. The mean overall infection rate per 100 patients was 29.1 infections, and the mean infection rate per 1,000 patient-days was 34.2 infections. The rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 20.76 infections per 1,000 ventilator-days, the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection was 13.63 infections per 1,000 urinary catheter–days, and the rate of catheter-associated bloodstream infection was 9.69 infections per 1,000 central line–days. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Pseudomonas species among patients with ventilator-associated pneumonias (35.8% of cases), Candida species among patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (37.1% of cases), and coagulase-negative staphylococci among patients with catheter-associated bloodstream infections (20.0% of cases).Conclusion.We found both higher device-associated infection rates and higher device utilization ratios in our MS ICUs than those reported by the NNIS system. To reduce the rate of infection, implementation of infection control practices and comprehensive education are required, and an appropriate nationwide nosocomial infection and control system is needed in Turkey.
Test to Determine Sterile Integrity of Wrapped Medical Products at a Probability of Recontamination of 1: 1,000,000
Authors: Dunkelberg Hartmut , Rohmann Susanne 
Published: April 2006

Objective.We developed a microbiological test to detect the penetration of airborne microorganisms through the packaging of medical products after sterilization, to meet the requirements of European standard EN 556. We applied this test method to transparent pouches.Design.The microbial-barrier properties of the transparent pouches were determined using the microbial challenge test, in which the package was placed inside an exposure chamber and exposed to a defined aerosol of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The atmospheric pressure in the chamber was periodically reduced by 0-75 millibars, to simulate weather-dependent pressure changes. Thermoresistant petri dishes filled with nutrient agar were integrated into the transparent pouches before sterilization. The packages were incubated after exposure. They were then opened and examined for colony growth.Results.The number of recontaminated packages per test group (n = 50) depended on the microbial bioload (defined as the number of colony-forming units per plate) to which the packages were exposed and on the size and number of decreases in atmospheric pressure. Results of multiple regression analysis showed a significant increase in the number of recontaminated packages in correlation with the product of the values for microbial bioload and the size and number of decreases in atmospheric pressure. When we analyzed the probability of recontamination of wrapped medical devices after 2 reductions in atmospheric pressure (30 millibars each) and with a surface microbial load of 10 colony-forming units per 64 cm2, we estimated that the frequency of recontamination was 1: 100,000.Conclusion.Multiple regression analysis showed that the proposed microbial challenge test is suitable to determine the probability of package recontamination at the 1: 1,000,000 level.
Epidemiology ofAcinetobacter baumanniiin a University Hospital in Turkey
Authors: Akalin Halis , Özakin Cüneyt , Gedikoğlu Suna 
Published: April 2006

Objective.Molecular epidemiologic surveillance ofAcinetobacter baumanniiby polymerase chain reaction-randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis in a university hospital for 3 consecutive study periods.Results.Twelve differentAcinetobacter baumanniigenotypes (A-L) were detected. Although only 2 genotypes were detected during the first period and genotype A appeared to be the most common genotype, genotype D was included in these genotypes during the second study period. Genotype A completely disappeared during the third period. Although the presence of genotype C and the genotype D continued during the third period, 9 new genotypes were detected during this period. Genotype A appeared to be the most common genotype in the hospital (detected in 19 different clinics). The distribution of genotypes in clinical samples correlated with patient traffic between them. Some genotypes were found in both clinical and environmental samples. Seventeen different antibiotypes were detected, according to antibiotic susceptibility profiles.Conclusions.Environmental contamination, airborne transmission, patient transfer, and cross-contamination play important roles in epidemics caused byA. baumanniiin our hospital. The distribution of genotypes can change over time, so antibiotyping is not appropriate for the epidemiological analysis ofA. baumaniiinfection.
A fast coarse filtering method for peptide identification by mass spectrometry
Authors: Ramakrishnan Smriti R. , Mao Rui , Nakorchevskiy Aleksey A. , Prince John T. , Willard Willard S. , Xu Weijia , Marcotte Edward M. , Miranker Daniel P. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Motivation: We reformulate the problem of comparing mass-spectra by mapping spectra to a vector space model. Our search method leverages a metric space indexing algorithm to produce an initial candidate set, which can be followed by any fine ranking scheme.
Results: We consider three distance measures integrated into a multi-vantage point index structure. Of these, a semi-metric fuzzy-cosine distance using peptide precursor mass constraints performs the best. The index acts as a coarse, lossless filter with respect to the SEQUEST and ProFound scoring schemes, reducing the number of distance computations and returned candidates for fine filtering to about 0.5% and 0.02% of the database respectively. The fuzzy cosine distance term improves specificity over a peptide precursor mass filter, reducing the number of returned candidates by an order of magnitude. Run time measurements suggest proportional speedups in overall search times. Using an implementation of ProFound's Bayesian score as an example of a fine filter on a test set of Escherichia coli protein fragmentation spectra, the top results of our sample system are consistent with that of SEQUEST.
Contact: smriti@cs.utexas.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Global dynamics of biological systems from time-resolved omics experiments
Authors: Grigorov Martin G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe emergent properties of biological systems, organized around complex networks of irregularly connected elements, limit the applications of the direct scientific method to their study. The current lack of knowledge opens new perspectives to the inverse scientific paradigm where observations are accumulated and analysed by advanced data-mining techniques to enable a better understanding and the formulation of testable hypotheses about the structure and functioning of these systems. The current technology allows for the wide application of omics analytical methods in the determination of time-resolved molecular profiles of biological samples. Here it is proposed that the theory of dynamical systems could be the natural framework for the proper analysis and interpretation of such experiments. A new method is described, based on the techniques of non-linear time series analysis, which is providing a global view on the dynamics of biological systems probed with time-resolved omics experiments.Contact: martin.grigorov@rdls.nestle.com
Identification of biochemical networks by S-tree based genetic programming
Authors: Cho Dong-Yeon , Cho Kwang-Hyun , Zhang Byoung-Tak 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Most previous approaches to model biochemical networks have focused either on the characterization of a network structure with a number of components or on the estimation of kinetic parameters of a network with a relatively small number of components. For system-level understanding, however, we should examine both the interactions among the components and the dynamic behaviors of the components. A key obstacle to this simultaneous identification of the structure and parameters is the lack of data compared with the relatively large number of parameters to be estimated. Hence, there are many plausible networks for the given data, but most of them are not likely to exist in the real system.
Results: We propose a new representation named S-trees for both the structural and dynamical modeling of a biochemical network within a unified scheme. We further present S-tree based genetic programming to identify the structure of a biochemical network and to estimate the corresponding parameter values at the same time. While other evolutionary algorithms require additional techniques for sparse structure identification, our approach can automatically assemble the sparse primitives of a biochemical network in an efficient way. We evaluate our algorithm on the dynamic profiles of an artificial genetic network. In 20 trials for four settings, we obtain the true structure and their relative squared errors are &lt;5% regardless of releasing constraints about structural sparseness. In addition, we confirm that the proposed algorithm is robust within ±10% noise ratio. Furthermore, the proposed approach ensures a reasonable estimate of a real yeast fermentation pathway. The comparatively less important connections with non-zero parameters can be detected even though their orders are below 10−2. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed algorithm for real experimental biological data, we provide an additional example on the transcriptional network of SOS response to DNA damage in Escherichia coli. We confirm that the proposed algorithm can successfully identify the true structure except only one relation.
Availability: The executable program and data are available from the authors upon request.
Contact: ckh-sb@snu.ac.kr or btzhang@snu.ac.kr
PowQ: a user-friendly package for the design of variance component multipoint linkage analysis studies
Authors: Falchi Mario , Borlino Cesare Cappio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Summary: A user-friendly, graphical package for power evaluation and enhancement planning through variance component linkage analysis in a multipoint framework.
Availability: The package is made available at:
Contact: mario.falchi@kcl.ac.uk