bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and mechanics of the teeth and jaws of white‐spotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum)
Authors: Ramsay Jason B. , Wilga Cheryl D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe teeth of white‐spotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) are used to clutch soft‐bodied prey and crush hard prey; however, the dual function is not evident from tooth morphology alone. Teeth exhibit characteristics that are in agreement with a clutching‐type tooth morphology that is well suited for grasping and holding soft‐bodied prey, but not for crushing hard prey. The dual role of this single tooth morphology is facilitated by features of the dental ligament and jaw joint. Tooth attachment is flexible and elastic, allowing movement in both sagittal and frontal planes. During prey capture spike‐like tooth cusps pierce the flesh of soft prey, thereby preventing escape. When processing prey harder than the teeth can pierce the teeth passively depress, rotating inward towards the oral cavity such that the broader labial faces of the teeth are nearly parallel to the surface of the jaws and form a crushing surface. Movement into the depressed position increases the tooth surface area contacting prey and decreases the total stress applied to the tooth, thereby decreasing the risk of structural failure. This action is aided by a jaw joint that is ventrally offset from the occlusal planes of the jaws. The offset joint position allows many teeth to contact prey simultaneously and orients force vectors at contact points between the jaws and prey in a manner that shears or rolls prey between the jaws during a bite, thus, aiding in processing while reducing forward slip of hard prey from the mouth. Together the teeth, dental ligament, and jaws form an integrated system that may be beneficial to the feeding ecology of C. plagiosum, allowing for a diet that includes prey of varying hardness and elusiveness. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smooth muscle‐associated protein 8: Distribution and biological activity in the rat brain
Authors: Brailoiu G. Cristina , Dun Siok L. , Mizuo Keisuke , Brailoiu Eugen , Yang Jun , Chang Jaw Kang , Dun Nae J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWith the use of an antiserum directed against the human smooth muscle‐associated protein 8 (SMAP8) fragment SMAP898–138, Western blot and immunohistochemical studies revealed SMAP8 expression in the rat brain. A band with a molecular size of about 45 kDa was detected in tissues from the rat hypothalamus and a weaker band from the cortex. SMAP8 immunoreactivity (irSMAP8) was detected in neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular, supraoptic, and supraoptic retrochiasmatic nuclei; a few irSMAP8 cells were scattered in the zona incerta as well as the cerebral cortex. Immunoreactive cell processes were detected mostly in the internal layer of the median eminence. Double labeling the hypothalamic sections with SMAP8 and vasopressin (VP) or oxytocin (OT) antiserum revealed that a population of VP‐ and OT‐immunoreactive neurons expressed irSMAP8. The biological activity of SMAP8 in rat central neurons was assessed by the calcium microfluorimetric Fura‐2 method. SMAP8 (100 nM) elevated cytosolic calcium concentrations [Ca2+]i in a population of dissociated and cultured rat hypothalamic neurons; the response was eliminated in Ca2+‐free saline. This is the first evidence of irSMAP8 in a population of VP/OT‐containing hypothalamic neurons in the rat, and the peptide is biologically active in hypothalamic neurons, as evidenced by mobilization of extracellular Ca2+. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voluntary exercise‐induced neurogenesis in the postischemic dentate gyrus is associated with spatial memory recovery from stroke
Authors: Luo Chun Xia , Jiang Jun , Zhou Qi Gang , Zhu Xin Jian , Wang Wei , Zhang Zhi Jun , Han Xiao , Zhu Dong Ya 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSpatial cognitive impairment is common after stroke insults. Voluntary exercise could improve the impaired spatial memory. Newly generated neurons in the dentate gyrus are necessary for the acquisition of new hippocampus‐dependent memories. However, it is not well known whether voluntary exercise after stroke promotes neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus, thereby promoting spatial memory recovery. Here, we examined in mice subjected to focal cerebral ischemia the effect of voluntary or forced exercise on neurogenesis in the ischemic dentate gyrus and spatial memory. Exposure to voluntary wheel running after stroke enhanced newborn cell survival and up‐regulated the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the dentate gyrus and reversed ischemia‐induced spatial memory impairment. However, the enhanced newborn cell survival and CREB phosphorylation in the dentate gyrus and improved spatial memory were not observed in the mice exposed to forced swimming. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the total number of surviving newborn cells in the dentate gyrus and the ability of mice to locate the platform in the Morris water maze. These results suggest that, in the adult mice, exposure to voluntary exercise after ischemic stroke may promote newborn cells survival in the dentate gyrus by up‐regulating CREB phosphorylation and consequently restore impaired hippocampus‐dependent memory. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acutely increased cyclophilin a expression after brain injury: A role in blood‐brain barrier function and tissue preservation
Authors: Redell John B. , Zhao Jing , Dash Pramod K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) compromise is a significant pathologic event that manifests early following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Because many signaling cascades are initiated immediately after the traumatic event, we were interested in examining acute differential protein expression that may be involved in BBB function. At acute time points postinjury, altered protein expression may result from altered translation efficiency or turnover rate rather than from a genomic response. The application of tandem 2‐D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis is a powerful approach for directly screening differential protein expression following TBI. Using comparative 2‐D gel analysis, we selected candidate protein spots with apparent altered expression and identified them by mass spectrometry. Cyclophilin A was selected for further analysis because it has been implicated in endothelial cell activation and inflammation, and studies have suggested cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of all cyclophilin isoforms, might be beneficial after TBI. We examined if altered expression of cyclophilin A in the brain vasculature might play a role in BBB function. We found significantly increased cyclophilin A levels in isolated brain microvessels 30 min following injury. Postinjury administration of cyclosporine A significantly attenuated BBB permeability measured 24 hr postinjury, suggesting cyclophilin activity after TBI may be detrimental. However, direct injection of purified recombinant cyclophilin A attenuated both BBB permeability and tissue damage in a stab wound model of injury. These findings suggest that increased expression of cyclophilin A may play a protective role after TBI, whereas other cyclophilin isoforms may be detrimental. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inverted, stapled J‐pouch free jejunal transfer for reconstruction of the pharynx and esophagus
Authors: Talbot Simon G , Cordeiro Peter G 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSince the advent of the jejunal free flap in the early 1900s, it has become one of the most effective and widely used methods for reconstruction of circumferential defects of the esophagus, often due to malignant disease. However, as esophageal resections extend further cranially, reconstruction becomes more difficult due to the size discrepancy between the proximal jejunum and the pharygostome. Several authors have described techniques to overcome this problem, although there is, as yet, no consensus on the most effective method. Here we present our experience with an inverted, stapled J‐pouch free jejunal transfer, analogous to that used in the ileoanal anastomosis after proctocolectomy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis coli. In the head and neck, the inverted J‐pouch provides several advantages when a resection extends into the pharynx: a closer size match to the large pharyngeal defect, a reservoir to aid swallowing, and increased conduit size proximally to aid gravity‐dependent swallowing in the presence of uncoordinated peristalsis and tongue resection. This technique has served as a safe, effective, and rapid operation for this complex reconstructive problem. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:663–669. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of high performance capillary electrophoresis on toxic alkaloids analysis
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Rong , Zhang Yurong , Yu Yunqiu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe employed CE to identify mixtures of the toxic alkaloids lappaconitine, bullatine A, atropine sulfate, atropine methobromide, scopolamine hydrobromide, anisodamine hydrobromide, brucine, strychnine, quinine sulfate, and chloroquine in human blood and urine, using procaine hydrochloride as an internal standard. The separation employed a fused‐silica capillary of 75 μm id×60 cm length (effective length: 50.2 cm) and a buffer containing 100 mM phosphate and 5% ACN (pH 4.0). The sample was injected in a pressure mode and the separation was performed at a voltage of 16 kV and a temperature of 25°C. The compounds were detected by UV absorbance at wavelengths of 195 and 235 nm. All the ten alkaloids were separated within 16 min. The method was validated with regard to precision (RSD), accuracy, sensitivity, linear range, LOD, and LOQ. In blood and urine samples, the detection limits were 5–40 ng/mL and linear calibration curves were obtained over the range of 0.02–10 μg/mL. The precision of intra‐ and interday measurements was less than 15%. Electrophoretic peaks could be identified either by the relative migration time or by their UV spectrum.
Solvent and substituent effects on the electrochemical oxidation of substituted benzylamines in 2‐methylpropan‐2‐ol/water medium
Authors: Thirumoorthi A. , Elango K. P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of various para‐ and meta‐substituted benzylamines in different mole fractions of 2‐methylpropan‐2‐ol in water has been investigated in the presence of 0.1 M sulfuric acid as supporting electrolyte. The oxidation potential data of benzylamines correlates well with Hammett's substituent constants affording negative reaction constants (−1.112 < ρ > −1.529). The correlation of the oxidation potential values with macroscopic solvent parameters is nonlinear, suggesting the operation of both specific and nonspecific solvent–solvent–solute interaction mechanisms. Correlation of the experimental data with Kamlet–Taft solvatochromic parameters is excellent (100r2 > 98%) and the results reveal that the reactivity is influenced by the preferential solvational effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 371–377, 2007
Kinetic and product study of the gas‐phase reaction of sabinaketone with OH radical
Authors: Carrasco Nathalie , Picquet‐Varrault Benedicte , Doussin Jean‐François 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSabinaketone is one major photooxidation product of sabinene, an important biogenic volatile organic compound. This article provides the first product study and the second rate constant determination of its reaction with OH radicals. Experiments were investigated under controlled conditions for pressure and temperature in the LISA indoor simulation chamber using FTIR spectrometry. Kinetic study was carried out at 295 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure using the relative rate technique with isoprene as the reference compound. The rate constant was found to be ksabinaketone + OH = (7.1 ± 1.0) × 10−12 molecule−1 cm3 s−1. Acetone and formaldehyde were detected as products of the reaction with the respective yields of Racetone = 0.9 ± 0.2 and RHCHO = 1.2 ± 0.3. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 415–421, 2007
A high‐temperature chemical kinetic model for primary reference fuels
Authors: Chaos Marcos , Kazakov Andrei , Zhao Zhenwei , Dryer Frederick L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed to describe the high‐temperature oxidation and pyrolysis of n‐heptane, iso‐octane, and their mixtures. An approach previously developed by this laboratory was used here to partially reduce the mechanism while maintaining a desired level of detailed reaction information. The relevant mechanism involves 107 species undergoing 723 reactions and has been validated against an extensive set of experimental data gathered from the literature that includes shock tube ignition delay measurements, premixed laminar‐burning velocities, variable pressure flow reactor, and jet‐stirred reactor species profiles. The modeled experiments treat dynamic systems with pressures up to 15 atm, temperatures above 950 K, and equivalence ratios less than approximately 2.5. Given the stringent and comprehensive set of experimental conditions against which the model is tested, remarkably good agreement is obtained between experimental and model results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 399–414, 2007
Best Approximation on Convex Sets in Metric Linear Spaces
Authors: Ahuja G. C. , Narang T. D. , Trehan Swaran 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper the concepts of strictly convex and uniformly convex normed linear spaces are extended to metric linear spaces. A relationship between strict convexity and uniform convexity is established. Some existence and uniqueness theorems on best approximation in metric linear spaces under different conditions are proved.
A Note on a Class of Operators
Authors: Patel S. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe aim of this note is to study the spectral properties of the LUECKE's class R of operators T such that ‖(T – zI)−1‖=1/d(z, W(T)) for all z∉CLW(T), where CLW(T) is the closure of the numerical range W(T) of T and d(z, W(T)) is the distance from z to W(T). The main emphasis is on the investigation of those properties of operators of class R which are either similar to or distinct from those of operators satisfying the growth condition (G1).
Anti‐mitotic activity of colchicine and the structural basis for its interaction with tubulin
Authors: Bhattacharyya Bhabatarak , Panda Dulal , Gupta Suvroma , Banerjee Mithu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this review, an attempt has been made to throw light on the mechanism of action of colchicine and its different analogs as anti‐cancer agents. Colchicine interacts with tubulin and perturbs the assembly dynamics of microtubules. Though its use has been limited because of its toxicity, colchicine can still be used as a lead compound for the generation of potent anti‐cancer drugs. Colchicine binds to tubulin in a poorly reversible manner with high activation energy. The binding interaction is favored entropically. In contrast, binding of its simple analogs AC or DAAC is enthalpically favored and commences with comparatively low activation energy. Colchicine–tubulin interaction, which is normally pH dependent, has been found to be independent of pH in the presence of microtubule‐associated proteins, salts or upon cleavage of carboxy termini of tubulin. Biphasic kinetics of colchicines–tubulin interaction has been explained in light of the variation in the residues around the drug‐binding site onβ‐tubulin. Using the crystal structure of the tubulin–DAMAcolchicine complex, a detailed discussion on the pharmacophore concept that explains the variation of affinity for different colchicine site inhibitors (CSI) has been discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 1, 155–183, 2008
Diffusion relaxation limit of a nonisentropic hydrodynamic model for semiconductors
Authors: Li Yeping 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we discussed a general multidimensional nonisentropic hydrodynamical model for semiconductors with small momentum relaxation time. The model is self‐consistent in the sense that the electric field, which forms a forcing term in the momentum equation, is determined by the coupled Poisson equation. With the help of the Maxwell‐type iteration, we prove that, as the relaxation time tends to zero, periodic initial‐value problem of certain scaled multidimensional nonisentropic hydrodynamic model has a unique smooth solution existing in the time interval where the corresponding classical drift‐diffusion model has smooth solutions. Meanwhile, we justify a formal derivation of the drift‐diffusion models from the nonisentropic hydrodynamic models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compact Butler Matrix using size reduced elements
Authors: Zheng Shaoyong , Chan Wing Shing 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article presents the design and realization of a compact 4×4 Butler Matrix for feeding a smart antenna array. The circuit using size reduced elements together with a novel topology occupies only 29% of the size of a conventional Butler Matrix without any loss in performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1519–1521, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22489
A novel V‐band antenna for nondestructive testing techniques
Authors: Chernobrovkin R. , Ivanchenko I. , Popenko N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe original V‐band antenna design meant for precision near‐field measurements is presented. The evident antenna advantages are demonstrated by means of model experiments with the different artificial radio‐transparent dielectrics. It has been shown that the permittivity of local inhomogeneities embedded into the dielectric matrix can be determined with confidence. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1732–1735, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22504
Improvement of the scattering center extraction by using the modified approximate prolate series interpolants
Authors: Bölükbas̨ Deniz , Ergin A. Arif 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) scattering center model of a complex target can be obtained from the 3D inverse synthetic aperture (ISAR) image by using the CLEAN algorithm. To form the ISAR image from the results of a shooting‐and‐bouncing‐ray (SBR) analysis, the image is updated on a ray‐by‐ray basis using a ray‐spread function, which turns out to be a “sinc” function. The “sinc” function does not decay rapidly, yielding a harsh trade‐off: in case the full “sinc” function is used, the algorithm becomes computationally intense. On the other hand, if it is truncated, convergence problems arise. To solve this trade‐off problem, the use of a band‐limited interpolant function, namely, modified approximate prolate series (MAPS) is proposed instead of the “sinc” function. The suggested MAPS can be shown to have better truncation error bounds than other ray spread functions. By using the suggested MAPS functions, the sidelobe artifacts are minimized and the computational complexity is decreased while extracting the scattering centers with correct positions, amplitudes, and better resolution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1623–1628, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22509
Disease detection in human blood using microwaves
Authors: Lonappan Anil , Thomas Vinu , Bindu G. , Rajasekaran C. , Mathew K. T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis letter reports a novel in vitro test of blood analysis based on the measurement of the dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. The measurements were made using rectangular cavity perturbation technique at the S‐band of microwave frequency with the different samples of blood obtained from healthy donors as well as from patients. It is observed that an appreciably change in the dielectric properties of patient samples with the normal healthy samples and this measurements were in good agreement with clinical analysis. This measurement technique is nondestructive in nature. These results indicate an alternative in vitro method of diagnosing blood abnormalities using microwaves.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1589–1592, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22512
Symmetry, XPD, and port isolation in an ACMPA array with dual linear polarization
Authors: Torres‐Sánchez Roberto , Casares‐Miranda Francisco P. , Márquez‐Segura Enrique , Otero Pablo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAperture coupled microstrip patch antennas (ACMPA) are very convenient array elements for designing high directivity planar antennas. Dual polarization ACMPA arrays for Direct Broadcasting Services (DBS) have the problems of low cross‐polar discrimination (XPD) and port isolation. In this work, the relationships between feed symmetry and the values of XPD and Port Isolation are investigated. A particular feeding structure, which optimizes XPD and Port Isolation, is proposed. An 4 × 4 array that operates at the European DBS frequencies has been designed, built, and measured to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1722–1727, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22516
A new type of microstrip coupler with complementary split‐ring resonator
Authors: Liu Kai‐yu , Li Chao , Li Fang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new type of microstrip coupler with complementary split‐ring resonator (CSRR) is proposed. The characteristic impedance of the even mode can be enhanced by etching CSRR structure in the grounded plane of a conventional microstrip parallel‐coupled coupler. This results in a higher degree of coupling. Based on the analysis of the odd and even modes, a new type of microstrip coupler was designed. The results of simulation and measurement show that the new coupler achieves a high degree of coupling (3 dB coupling) over a wide frequency band (38.1% relative bandwidth). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1613–1616, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22522
CPW‐FED fractal bow‐tie antenna
Authors: Soliman Ezzeldin A. , De Raedt Walter , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA novel fractal bow‐tie antenna fed with CPW is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a Sierpinski fractal bow‐tie patch placed on one side of the substrate and a coupling slot dipole placed on the other side. The geometrical parameters of the antenna are optimized for best performance at 5.2 GHz. The proposed antenna has been fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Although the antenna is fabricated on a low dielectric constant substrate, its size is still remarkably small (16 mm × 16 mm). The antenna has been characterized both theoretically and experimentally. The measured and calculated results are presented, compared, and discussed.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1587–1589, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22523
Investigation on UWB printed monopole antenna with rectangular slitted groundplane
Authors: Bao X. L. , Ammann M. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn optimized design for the rectangular printed monopole antenna with a slitted groundplane is presented. A parametric study of antenna parameters, including the length and width of the ground plane, the length and width of the rectangular plate, and the gap between the patch and ground plane is presented. A slit in the ground plane is shown to reduce the lower‐edge frequency and improve the bandwidth. A parametric study of the slit is given.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1585–1587, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22524