bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between nutrition knowledge and nutritional intake in middle-aged men from Northern France
Authors: Dallongeville J , Marécaux N , Cottel D , Bingham A , Amouyel P 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:The way in which nutrition knowledge transforms into dietary behaviour and nutrient intake may vary among populations. Therefore, the goal of the study was to examine whether nutrition knowledge is associated with nutritional intake in middle-aged men who are at major risk of cardiovascular disease.Design:Cross-sectional population study aimed at comparing the response to a nutrition quiz with food habits and nutrient intake determined by a 3-day food record.Setting:Men of the Urban Community of Lille (France) examined at home.Subjects:361 men aged 45–64 y, randomly selected from the electoral rolls.Results:Subjects were separated in a high-score (n = 59) and a low-score (n = 41) group according to their responses to the nutrition quiz. Subjects in the high-score group had better educational and higher income levels than those from the low-score group. Multivariate analysis, adjusting on educational and socio-economic levels and other confounding variables – such as age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, physical activity and energy intake underreporting – showed that subjects in the high-score group were more often consumers of olive oil (36 vs. 12%; p = 0.06), cheese (85 vs. 76%; p<0.01) or cereals (27 vs. 15%; p<0.04) and less often consumers of sunflower oil (51 vs. 68%; p<0.02) or dry vegetables (12 vs. 22%; p<0.05) than those in the low-score group. Subjects in the high-score group had lower intakes of fat (89±24 vs. 104±38 g/d; p = 0.04) and especially of monounsaturated fat of animal origin (23±9 vs. 29±13 g/d; p = 0.01) than individuals in the low-score group.Conclusion:Nutrition quiz score is associated with specific patterns of food choices and nutrient intake suggesting that nutrition knowledge influences dietary behaviour in middle-aged men from Northern France.
Anaemia among non-pregnant women in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hyder SM Ziauddin , Persson Lars-Åke , Chowdhury AMR , Ekström Eva-Charlotte 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To estimate the prevalence and severity of anaemia among non-pregnant women in rural Bangladesh and describe its social distribution.Design:A cross-sectional study conducted in February–March 1996. Haemoglobin concentration was measured on a capillary blood sample by cyanmethaemoglobin method. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification was used to define anaemia.Setting:Twelve randomly selected villages in Fulbaria thana of Mymensingh district, about 110 km northwest of Dhaka city in Bangladesh.Subjects:A systematically selected sample of 179 non-pregnant apparently healthy women aged 15–45 years.Results:Anaemia was highly prevalent (73%; 95%CI 67–79%). Most of the women had mild (52%) or moderate (20%) anaemia, but a few of them suffered from severe anaemia (1%). Ascaris was common (39%) while hookworm was not (1%). The anaemia prevalence had no statistically significant association with age, parity or Ascaris infestation (P>0.05). Women with less than 1 year of schooling, who were landless or who reported having an economic deficit in the household had significantly higher prevalence of anaemia (P<0.05). There was a significantly increasing trend in anaemia prevalence with decreasing socioeconomic situation (SES). However anaemia was common in all social strata.Conclusions:Although the overall anaemia prevalence among non-pregnant rural women is high, only a few women suffer from severe anaemia. Women of all SES groups irrespective of their age and parity are affected by anaemia.
Maternal cured meat consumption during pregnancy and risk of paediatric brain tumour in offspring: potentially harmful levels of intake
Authors: Pogoda Janice M , Preston-Martin Susan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the relationship between specific levels of nitrite intake from cured meat consumption during pregnancy and the relative risk of paediatric brain tumours in the offspring.DesignExposure data were previously collected for a population-based case–control study of paediatric brain tumours; data on nitrite content were obtained by a comprehensive literature review of surveys of residual nitrite content in cured meats published in the USA and Canada. The level of nitrite intake for each mother was predicted by year of pregnancy based on survey results. Dose–response was evaluated both categorically and continuously using polynomial and quadratic spline regression.SettingThe US west coast: Los Angeles County, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Area and the Seattle–Puget Sound area.SubjectsThere were 540 cases diagnosed between 1984 and 1990 at ages varying from 0 to 19 years, and 801 controls frequency-matched by geographic area, age and birth year.ResultsIn general, survey results suggest a trend of decreasing nitrite levels in cured meats over time. We observed a moderate increase in brain tumour risk in the offspring of mothers with relatively low levels of nitrite consumption from cured meats during pregnancy, and a two- to three-fold risk increase in offspring of mothers who consumed 3 mg day−1 nitrite from cured meats (about 125 g day−1 of cured meat consumption throughout the pregnancy).ConclusionsA substantial risk of paediatric brain tumour appears to be associated with relatively high levels of maternal cured meat consumption during pregnancy. A more scientifically valid approach than a literature review to estimate nitrite intake from cured meats and data from a large group of highly exposed subjects would be useful in determining potentially harmful levels.
Diet profiles in a population sample from Mediterranean southern France
Authors: Scali Jacqueline , Richard Aurélia , Gerber Mariette 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveA Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) was devised to give an overall assessment of dietary habits and to identify groups at risk.DesignThe MDQI was based on scores given for selected levels of consumption of selected nutrients and foods.SettingMediterranean southern France.SubjectsThe sample included 473 men and 491 women in three age classes recruited at random.ResultsOnly 9.5% of men, 9.0% of women, 4.7% of 20–34 year old subjects, 6.6% of 35–54 year old subjects and 14.0% of 55–76 year old subjects were shown to have a healthy diet. However, 10.1% of men, 8.6% of women, 19.4% of 20–34 year old subjects, 10.2% of 35–54 year old subjects and 4.6% of 55–76 year old subjects were shown to have a poor diet. There were significantly fewer smokers among subjects with a good diet but the distribution of moderate wine drinkers was comparable between those with a good diet and those with a poor diet. Correspondence analysis associated a healthy diet with 55–76 year old men and women living in rural areas, who had received primary schooling only and who were manual workers. Both men and women with a poor MDQI score tended to be young and smokers. In addition, women with a poor MDQI tended to be heavy drinkers and obese.ConclusionsThis study showed that the Mediterranean model, which is generally recognized as a healthy diet, appears restricted to older people and to rural areas, whereas urbanized young people depart from it. A nutritional prevention policy targeted at young adults is required to encourage them to adhere to the Mediterranean model. Smoking and drinking showed different distribution patterns in the sample under study.
Comparison of two frequency questionnaires for quantifying fruit and vegetable intake
Authors: Amanatidis Soumela , Mackerras Dorothy , Simpson Judy M 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe effect on individual rankings and total intakes of nutrients of correcting total fruit and vegetable frequencies from a long food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using the responses to two summary questions was examined in a group of women.MethodsThe performance of a self-administered FFQ in ranking individual levels of intake and estimating absolute levels of nutrient and energy intake was compared with the performance of the questionnaire when it was corrected for fruit and vegetable intake reported using the Block summary questions.SubjectsThe study population included 123 women, aged between 18 and 54 years, who were recruited from the Family Planning Association Colposcopy Clinic in Sydney.ResultsSubstantial and significant differences (P<0.001) were found in fruit and vegetable intakes between the FFQ and the summary questions. Intake frequency by the FFQ was more than double that by the summary questions. When the FFQ was corrected for fruit and vegetable intakes using the summary questions, the intakes of beta-carotene, vitamins A and C, and dietary fibre were more than 20% lower (P<0.001) than the uncorrected results. However, this had little effect on ranking individuals. This study also examined seasonal differences in vegetable intakes and differences in nutrient intakes when either summer or winter vegetable consumption was substituted for seasonal vegetable intake in the FFQ. Although there were seasonal differences for some foods, the substitution had little effect on intake of nutrients.ConclusionThese results indicate that important differences in intakes are observed when two methods, which appear to yield the same results, are used. Further work is needed to determine which, if either, of the two methods yields intakes that can be compared quantitatively with national references for assessing the adequacy of population intakes.
Is principal components analysis necessary to characterise dietary behaviour in studies of diet and disease?
Authors: McCann Susan E , Weiner John , Graham Saxon , Freudenheim Jo L 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To assess the relative ability of principal components analysis (PCA)-derived dietary patterns to correctly identify cases and controls compared with other methods of characterising food intake.Subjects:Participants in this study were 232 endometrial cancer cases and 639 controls from the Western New York Diet Study, 1986–1991, frequency-matched to cases on age and county of residence.Design:Usual intake in the year preceding interview of 190 foods and beverages was collected during a personal interview using a detailed food-frequency questionnaire. Principal components analysis identified two major dietary patterns which we labelled ‘healthy’ and ‘high fat’. Classification on disease status was assessed with separate discriminant analyses (DAs) for four different characterisation schemes: stepwise DA of 168 food items to identify the subset of foods that best discriminated between cases and controls; foods associated with each PCA-derived dietary pattern; fruits and vegetables (47 items); and stepwise DA of USDA-defined food groups (fresh fruit, canned/frozen fruit, raw vegetables, cooked vegetables, red meat, poultry, fish and seafood, processed meats, snacks and sweets, grain products, dairy, and fats).Results:In general, classification of disease status was somewhat better among cases (54.7% to 67.7%) than controls (54.0% to 63.1%). Correct classification was highest for fruits and vegetables (67.7% and 62.9%, respectively) but comparable to that of the other schemes (49.5% to 66.8%).Conclusions:Our results suggest that the use of principal components analysis to characterise dietary behaviour may not provide substantial advantages over more commonly used, less sophisticated methods of characterising diet.
Maternal consumption ofpulque, a traditional central Mexican alcoholic beverage: relationships to infant growth and development
Authors: Backstrand Jeffrey R , Allen Lindsay H , Martinez Eulalia , Pelto Gretel H 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectives:To document the consumption during pregnancy ofpulque, a traditional central Mexican alcoholic beverage, and its relationship to subsequent infant size, physical growth and performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Six villages in rural, central Mexico in 1984–1985.Subjects:Seventy mother–infant pairs.Results:Most women (72.9%) consumedpulqueduring pregnancy, and 28.6% consumed more than 150 g ethanol week−1from the beverage. Individuals who consumedpulqueshowed no compensating decrease in energy obtained from other foods.Pulqueconsumption possessed curvilinear relationships with both infant length (at 1 and 6 months) and Bayley mental performance (at 6 months). Heavypulqueintakes were associated with smaller infant size and poorer mental performance. In modest quantities,pulqueconsumption may have been beneficial due to its micronutrient content.Conclusions:Intakes of alcohol frompulquewere common among pregnant women in these rural, central Mexican villages. Given current scientific knowledge of the adverse effects of ethanol on foetal development, public health interventions are needed to reduce heavypulqueconsumption during pregnancy in some areas of rural Mexico.
Coronary heart disease: dietary links and pathogenesis
Authors: Renaud Serge , Lanzmann-Petithory Dominique 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFor decades it has been postulated that the main environmental factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) was the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Nevertheless, confirmation of the role of SFA in CHD through intervention trials has been disappointing. It was only when the diet was enriched in n-3 fatty acids that CHD was significantly prevented, especially cardiac death.In addition to n-3 fatty acids, many other foodstuffs or nutrients such as fibers, antioxidants, folic acid, calcium and even alcohol contribute to prevent CHD. Thus the relationship between diet and CHD morbidity and mortality appears to be much more complex than formerly suspected considering as key factors only SFA, linoleic acid, cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Some of the mechanisms are briefly described, but many additional nutrients (or non nutrients) may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHD.Finally, as a result of the most recent epidemiologic studies the ideal diet may comprise: 8% energy from SFA, 5% from polyunsaturated fatty acids with a ratio 5/1 of linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid+longer chains n-3, oleic acid as desired, large intake of cereals, vegetables, legumes and fruits, fish twice a week, cheese and yogurt as dairy products, rapeseed and olive oils as edible fat. Without side effects, such a diet can be highly palatable, easily enjoyed by many populations and may prevent effectively and rapidly (within a few weeks or months) CHD.
Healthy lifestyles in Europe: prevention of obesity and type II diabetes by diet and physical activity
Authors: Astrup Arne 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in all age groups in most EU-countries and is one of the fastest growing epidemics, now affecting 10–40% of the adult population. Obesity increases the risk of serious co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers and reduced life expectancy, and these complications may account for 5–10% of all health costs in EU countries. The risk of diabetes is particularly increased by obesity, and 80–95% of the increase in diabetes can be attributed to obesity and overweight with abdominal fat distribution. There is robust evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to support that an energy-dense, high fat diet and physical inactivity are independent risk factors for weight gain and obesity. Furthermore, interaction between dietary fat and physical fitness determine fat balance, so that the obesity promoting effect of a high fat diet is enhanced in susceptible subjects, particularly in sedentary individuals with a genetic predisposition to obesity.Ad libitum consumption of diets low in fat and high in protein and complex carbohydrates, with a low glycaemic index, contributes to the prevention of weight gain in normal weight subjects. It also causes a spontaneous weight loss of 3–4 kg in overweight subjects, and has beneficial effects on risk factors for diabetes and CVD. To prevent obesity and diabetes there are grounds for recommending the combination of increasing daily physical activity level to a PAL-value of at least 1.8 and reducing dietary fat content to 20–25 energy-% in sedentary subjects, and to 25–35% in more physically active individuals.
Iron deficiency in Europe
Authors: Hercberg Serge , Preziosi Paul , Galan Pilar 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn Europe, iron deficiency is considered to be one of the main nutritional deficiency disorders affecting large fractions of the population, particularly such physiological groups as children, menstruating women and pregnant women. Some factors such as type of contraception in women, blood donation or minor pathological blood loss (haemorrhoids, gynaecological bleeding,..) considerably increase the difficulty of covering iron needs. Moreover, women, especially adolescents consuming lowenergy diets, vegetarians and vegans are at high risk of iron deficiency.Although there is no evidence that an anbsence of iron stores has any adverse consequences, it does indicate that iron nutrition is borderline, since any further reduction in body iron is associated with a decrease in the level of functional compounds such as haemoglobin.The prevalence of iron-deficient anaemia has slightly decreased in infants and menstruating women. Some positive factors may have contributed to reducing the prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia in some groups of population: the use of iron-frotified formulas and iron-fortified cereals; the use of oral contraceptives and increased enrichment of iron in several countries; and the use of iron supplements during pregnancy in some European countries.It is possible to prevent and control iron deficiency by counseling individuals and families about sound iron nutrition during infancy and beyond, and about iron supplementation during pregnancy, by screening persons on the basis of their risk for iron deficiency, and by treating and following up persons with presumptive iron deficiency. This may help to reduce manifestations of iron deficiency and thus improve public health. Evidence linking iron status with risk of cardiovascular disease or cancer is unconvincing and does not justify changes in food fortification or medical practice, particularly because the benefits of assuring adequate iron intake during growth and development are well established. But stronger evidence is needed before rejecting the hypothesis that greater iron stores increase the incidence of CVD or cancer. At present, currently available data do not support radical changes in dietary recommendations. They include all means for increasing the content of dietary factors enhancing iron absorption or reducing the content of factors inhibiting iron absorption. Increased knowledge and increased information about factors may be important tools in the prevention of iron deficiency in Europe.
Fetal programming and adult health
Authors: Godfrey Keith M , Barker David JP 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLow birthweight is now known to be associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease and the related disorders stroke, hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes. These associations have been extensively replicated in studies in different countries and are not the result of confounding variables. They extend across the normal range of birthweight and depend on lower birthweights in relation to the duration of gestation rather than the effects of premature birth. The associations are thought to be consequences of ‘programming’, whereby a stimulus or insult at a critical, sensitive period of early life has permanent effects on structure, physiology and metabolism. Programming of the fetus may result from adaptations invoked when the materno-placental nutrient supply fails to match the fetal nutrient demand. Although the influences that impair fetal development and programme adult cardiovascular disease remain to be defined, there are strong pointers to the importance of maternal body composition and dietary balance during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding in countries of the European Union and EFTA: current and proposed recommendations, rationale, prevalence, duration and trends
Authors: Yngve Agneta , Sjöström Michael 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRecommendations suggestexclusive breastfeedingfor at least the first 4 to 6 months after birth. Paradoxically, an overwhelming proportion of breastfeeding (BF) data in Europe refers toallBF, i.e. not only exclusive but also partial BF (including formula, juices, water, sweetened water etc). This makes it difficult to estimate to what extent the recommendations are met. There is currently strong evidence for recommending exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months.Exclusive BF has progressively gained scientific support. Prevention of infections, allergies and chronic diseases and a favourable cognitive development are highlighted in the recent scientific literature. Further long-term studies on the effects of BF on prevention of chronic disease in the adult are needed.Great differences exist in BF prevalence and duration both within and between European countries. Trends point towards higher prevalence and duration, with some exceptions. Young mothers breastfeed less than older mothers; single and/or less educated mothers breastfeed less than married mothers with more education. However, inefficient and unreliable monitoring systems prevail, and the data are scarce, not only on exclusive BF but also on demographic, socio-economic, psychosocial and medical determinants of BF patterns. National BF co-ordinators have not been appointed in many countries, and only every second country has promotion of BF incorporated into their national plan of action for nutrition.Conclusions:Efficient surveillance systems, comparable across Europe and using common definitions and methodology, need to be developed. These should include determinants of breastfeeding. A European consensus conference should urgently be determinants of breastfeeding. A European consensus conference should urgently be organised, in which strategies for successful promotion of exclusive BF should be particularly considered. There is now strong evidence for a recommendation to breastfeed exclusively for about 6 months, which is more than the duration recommended previously.