bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monodemethylated polymethoxyflavones from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel Inhibit growth of human lung cancer cells by apoptosis
Authors: Xiao Hang , Yang Chung S. , Li Shiming , Jin Huanyu , Ho Chi‐Tang , Patel Trusha 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPolymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are almost exclusively found in the Citrus genus, particularly in the peels of sweet orange (Citrus sinensisL. Osbeck) and mandarin (C. reticulateBlanco). We studied the effects of two major PMFs, namely, nobiletin and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′‐heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), and two major monodemethylated PMFs, namely 5‐hydroxy‐3,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone (5HPMF), and 5‐hydroxy‐3,6,7,8,3′,4′‐hexamethoxyflavone (5HHMF), on the growth of human lung cancer H1299, H441, and H460 cells. Monodemethylated PMFs were much more potent in growth inhibition of lung cancer cells than their permethoxylated counterpart PMFs. In H1299 cells, cell cycle analyses further revealed that monodemethylated PMFs caused significant increase in sub‐G0/G1 phase, suggesting possible role of apoptosis in the growth inhibition observed, whereas the permethoxylated counterpart PMFs did not affect cell cycle distribution at same concentrations tested. These results strongly suggested that the phenolic group is essential for the growth inhibitory activity of monodemethylated PMFs. Further studies in H1299 cells demonstrated that monodemethylated PMFs downregulated oncogenic proteins, such as iNOS, COX‐2, Mcl‐1, and K‐ras, as well as induced apoptosis evidenced by activation of caspase‐3 and cleavage of PARP. Our results provide rationale to develop orange peel extract enriched with monodemethylated PMFs into value‐added nutraceutical products for cancer prevention.
Probiotic bacteria are antagonistic to Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni and influence host lymphocyte responses in human microbiota‐associated immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice
Authors: Wagner Robert Doug , Johnson Shemedia J. , Kurniasih Rubin Dedeh 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA defined human microbiota‐associated (HMA) mouse model in BALB/c and immunodeficient Tgε26 mice was used to assess the ability of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria to enhance colonization resistance to gastrointestinal (GI) tract pathogens. Probiotic bacteria (1×108 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL) successfully excluded Campylobacter jejuni from both strains of mice 7 days after challenge. The probiotic bacteria also reduced the number of Salmonella in the large intestines of both mouse strains. The nylon wool fractionated spleen lymphocyte populations were incubated with Salmonella or C. jejuni antigens. The probiotic treatments did not affect lymphocyte proliferation to C. jejuni antigens, but significantly increased proliferation of lymphocytes to Salmonella antigens by 68 and 55%, respectively, over untreated mice. Caspase 3/7 activation was significantly reduced 33 and 38% in the T and B lymphocyte fractions, respectively, of probiotic‐treated, Salmonella‐challenged HMA BALB/c mice, suggesting that lymphocyte rescue from apoptosis was occurring as a result of probiotic bacteria activity. These results revealed an immunosuppressive activity by Salmonella that was inhibited by the presence of probiotic bacteria. In summary, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria competitively excluded C. jejuni from immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and antagonized an observable Salmonella‐induced immunosuppression in immunocompetent mice.
A quantitative comparison of metabolite signals as detected by in vivo MRS with ex vivo1H HR‐MAS for childhood brain tumours
Authors: Wilson Martin , Davies Nigel P. , Grundy Richard G. , Peet Andrew C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract1H MRS provides a powerful method for investigating tumour metabolism by allowing the measurement of metabolites in vivo. Recently, the technique of 1H high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) has been shown to produce high‐quality data, allowing the accurate measurement of many metabolites present in unprocessed biopsy tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agreement between the techniques of in vivo MRS and ex vivo HR‐MAS for investigating childhood brain tumours. Short‐TE (30 ms), single‐voxel, in vivo MRS was performed on 16 paediatric patients with brain tumours at 1.5 T. A frozen biopsy sample was available for each patient. HR‐MAS was performed on the biopsy samples, and metabolite quantities were determined from the MRS and HR‐MAS data using the LCModel™ and TARQUIN algorithms, respectively. Linear regression was performed on the metabolite quantities to asses the agreement between MRS and HR‐MAS. Eight of the 12 metabolite quantities were found to correlate significantly (P < 0.05). The four worst correlating metabolites were aspartate, scyllo‐inositol, glycerophosphocholine and N‐acetylaspartate, and, except for glycerophosphocholine, this error was reflected in their higher Cramer–Rao lower bounds (CRLBs), suggesting that low signal‐to‐noise was the greatest source of error for these metabolites. Glycerophosphocholine had a lower CRLB implying that interference with phosphocholine and choline was the most significant source of error. The generally good agreement observed between the two techniques suggests that both MRS and HR‐MAS can be used to reliably estimate metabolite quantities in brain tumour tissue and that tumour heterogeneity and metabolite degradation do not have an important effect on the HR‐MAS metabolite profile for the tumours investigated. HR‐MAS can be used to improve the analysis and understanding of MRS data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WPA ISSPD Educational Program: Module II. Advances in research and understanding of personality disorders
Authors: Ronningstam Elsa , Simonsen Eric , Millon Theodore 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecent advances in research, clinical observations and treatment have contributed to several major changes in the conceptualization of personality disorders. Featured in an educational programme on personality disorders prepared by the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) Section on Personality Disorders and the International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders, this paper reviews new perspectives, significant interfaces, and areas of ambiguity and controversy that presently influence the study and treatment of personality disorders. Included are, among other things, discussions of their heritability and aetiological origin, variability over time and between cultures, and change and remission. A curriculum suggesting different educational approaches to the programme, now available on the Internet, aims at promoting integrative learning and discussion among clinicians and educators in study groups or workshops. The programme can be downloaded from the WPA web sitehttp://www.wpanet.org. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A metal free blue emission by the protonated 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine hexafluorophosphate
Authors: Yoshikawa Naokazu , Yamabe Shinichi , Kanehisa Nobuko , Takashima Hiroshi , Tsukahara Keiichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMono‐protonated 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (terpy) compound, 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridinium hexafluorophosphate {[terpyH]PF6}, was prepared and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, UV–Vis and emission spectroscopies, cyclic voltammogram (CV), and X‐ray crystallography. The proton is located at the central pyridine nitrogen atom of terpy and was found in electron density difference map, which is completely different from the previously reported mono‐protonated species, such as [terpyH]ReO4 and [terpyH]CF3SO3. The H+ in the latter species is located at the terminal pyridine nitrogen. A small difference of proton positions was found to give a drastic difference of crystal patterns. For [terpyH]PF6 in CH3CN, a new π–π* band in the UV region and a blue emission (Φ = 0.052 at room temperature) appeared whose maxima were red‐shifted relative to those of the corresponding neutral terpy ligand. CV for the proton adduct showed the first reduction wave at around −0.6 V, being more positive than that of the neutral species. Finally, the density‐functional theory (DFT) approach was used to investigate isomerization processes of the protonated terpy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulatory elements and functional implication for the formation of dimeric visinin‐like protein‐1
Authors: Chen Ku‐Chung , Wang Li‐Kuan , Chang Long‐Sen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSize exclusion chromatographic analyses showed that Ca2+‐free VILIP‐1 contained both monomeric and dimeric forms, while no appreciable dimerization was noted with Ca2+‐free VILIP‐3. Swapping of EF‐hands 3 and 4 of VILIP‐1 with those of VILIP‐3 caused the inability of the resulting chimeric protein to form dimeric protein. Nonreducing SDS‐PAGE analyses revealed that most of the dimeric VILIP‐1 was noncovalently bound together. Reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) treatment notably enhanced the formation of disulfide‐linked VILIP‐1 dimer, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ enhanced disulfide dimerization of VILIP‐1 marginally in the presence of thiol compounds. Cys‐187 at the C‐terminus of VILIP‐1 contributed greatly to form S‐S‐crosslinked dimer as revealed by mutagenesis studies. The ability of GSH/GSSG‐treated VILIP‐1 to activate guanylyl cyclase B was reduced by substituting Cys‐187 with Ala. Together with disulfide dimer of VILIP‐1 detected in rat brain extracts, our data may imply the functional contribution of disulfide dimer to the interaction of VILIP‐1 with its physiological target(s). Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structures at high pressure from random searching
Authors: Pickard C. J. , Needs R. J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn approach to searching for the structures of crystals is described. We choose an ensemble of “random” starting structures and relax them, often constraining the starting structures and/or relaxation to bias the search in some manner. The methodology is illustrated by applications to high‐pressure phases of group IV hydrides, especially silane (SiH4), and to solid hydrogen, using first‐principles density‐functional‐theory methods. We discuss the issue of possible decomposition of group IV hydrides into their constituent elements under pressure. A new molecular‐hydrogen structure is described whose enthalpy is calculated to be slightly lower than all other known structures in the pressure range 75–108 GPa, and we mention its possible relevance to phase II of hydrogen. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Induction of apoptosis by a synergistic lignan composition from Cedrus deodara in human cancer cells
Authors: Sharma Parduman R. , Shanmugavel M. , Saxena Ajit K. , Qazi Ghulam N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAP9‐cd, a synergistic lignan mixture from Cedrus deodara (Pinaceae) consisting of (−)‐wikstromal, (−)‐matairesinol and dibenzyl butyrolactol, depicted cytotoxic effects against numerous human cancer cell lines reported previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cell death in human cancer cells. The viability, morphological and ultrastructural changes in Molt‐4 cells were investigated. Using the trypan blue exclusion assay, we demonstrated that AP9‐cd significantly reduced the viability of Molt‐4 cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Apoptotic assays using light microscopy revealed that this agent induced Molt‐4 cell apoptosis at varied concentrations. The treatment causes a loss in cell viability by activating the apoptotic process as identified by light and electron microscopy. The morphological changes of intracellular organelles in Molt‐4 cells treated with 30 µg/ml of AP9‐cd revealed the disruption of mitochondrial cristae. Other features included the vacuolization, chromatin condensation and formation of micronuclei. Surface ultrastructural studies of four different tumor cell lines (Molt‐4, HL‐60, PC‐3 and A‐549) treated with AP9‐cd depicted loss of surface projections, condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies. AP9‐cd treatment to transgenic fruit fly, Drosophila, carrying human adenomatous polpyposis coli (hAPC) gene enhanced eye phenotypes and therefore may inhibit Wnt/Wg pathway which is important in the aetiology of a number of human cancers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo protective effect of crocetin on benzo(a)pyrene‐induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Magesh Venkatraman , DurgaBhavani Konga , Senthilnathan Palaniyandi , Rajendran Peramaiyan , Sakthisekaran Dhanapal 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe objective of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of crocetin in preventing lung tumorigenesis in mice. We evaluated crocetin in Swiss albino mice treated with the tobacco‐specific carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] for their ability to inhibit pulmonary adenoma formation and growth. Male Swiss albino mice (7 weeks old) were given 100 mg/kg B(a)P by i.p. injection, and 4 or 14 weeks later, they were given crocetin 50 mg/kg by i.p. injection 3 days/week. Crocetin (50 mg/kg body weight) reduced proliferating cells by 68% and 45% in 18 and 8 weeks of treatment respectively. The levels of glycoproteins and polyamines were significantly altered in the B(a)P‐induced animals than in crocetin treatment groups. The activity of crocetin was more pronounced in the cancer. Taken together, these results indicate that crocetin was capable of inhibiting proliferation cells by inhibiting proliferating cells, glycoprotein and polyamine synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apoptosis of BGC823 cell line induced by p‐hydroxymethoxybenzobijuglone, a novel compound from Juglans mandshurica
Authors: Li ZhiBo , Wang JingYun , Yang Jun , Zhang XiuLi , An LiJia , Bao YongMing 
Published: December 2008

Abstractp‐Hydroxymethoxybenzobijuglone (HMBBJ), a new quinone compound isolated from Juglans mandshurica (by bioassay‐guided fractionation), showed cytotoxic activity in the gastric carcinoma cell line BGC823. The growth of BGC823 cells was inhibited as demonstrated by MTT assay and several cellular characteristic changes, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation with programmed cell death. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the BGC823 cell cycle was arrested at G2/M phase by HMBBJ, and the apoptotic rate of BGC823 cells increased with respect to HMBBJ in a dose‐dependent manner. HMBBJ also activated caspase‐3, decreased the expression of Bcl‐2 and caused a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). These findings suggest that HMBBJ could significantly induce apoptosis in BGC823 cells and should be considered as a potential candidate for a chemotherapeutic drug against cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adulterant profile of illicit street heroin and reduction of its precipitated physical dependence withdrawal syndrome by extracts of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Authors: Subhan Fazal , Khan Nematullah , Sewell Robert D. E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe study evaluated the adulterants in a specimen of illicit street heroin supplied under strict control by the Pakistan Anti‐Narcotic Force. It also examined the effects ofHypericum perforatumL. extracts on the naloxone‐induced heroin withdrawal syndrome.The GC‐MS analysis of the specimen showed that in addition to heroin (37.8%), the sample also contained caffeine (8.4%), phenobarbitone (12.7%), 6‐acetyl codeine (5.3%), 6‐acetyl morphine (10.9%) and noscapine (15.8%).Administration of the heroin to rats for 8 days induced physical withdrawal signs of abdominal constriction, diarrhoea and vocalization on touch after naloxone treatment. AqueousHypericum perforatumextracts (20 mg/kg twice daily chronically or as a single acute dose 90 min before naloxone) given orally to the heroin dependent rats attenuated abdominal constrictions both acutely and chronically while the hydroethanol and ethanol extracts were only effective in acutely treated animals. Diarrhoea was ameliorated by the hydroethanol and ethanol extracts following acute or chronic heroin treatment while the aqueous extract failed to show any effect. Vocalization on touch during withdrawal was reduced by all the extracts either chronically or acutely with the exception of chronic treatment with hydroethanol extracts. The findings suggest thatHypericum perforatumis capable of reducing the physical signs of opiate withdrawal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on the growth of clinical isolates of Candida albicans
Authors: Pellati Donatella , Fiore Cristina , Armanini Decio , Rassu Mario , Bertoloni Giulio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCompounds derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root have been used widely for centuries for their numerous therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to test the in vitro activity against Candida albicans strains of the compound 18‐β glycyrrhetinic acid (18‐β GA), derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza species. This antimicrobial activity was assessed using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) method on C. albicans strains that were isolated from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). The in vitro growth of the C. albicans strains was markedly reduced, in a pH‐dependent manner, by relatively low doses (6.2 µg/mL) of 18‐β GA. The results demonstrate that 18‐β GA is a promising biological alternative for the topical treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling conditional dependence between diagnostic tests: A multiple latent variable model
Authors: Dendukuri Nandini , Hadgu Alula , Wang Liangliang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractApplications of latent class analysis in diagnostic test studies have assumed that all tests are measuring a common binary latent variable, the true disease status. In this article we describe a new approach that recognizes that tests based on different biological phenomena measure different latent variables, which in turn measure the latent true disease status. This allows for adjustment of conditional dependence between tests within disease categories. The model further allows for the inclusion of measured covariates and unmeasured random effects affecting test performance within latent classes. We describe a Bayesian approach for model estimation and describe a new posterior predictive check for evaluating candidate models. The methods are motivated and illustrated by results from a study of diagnostic tests for Chlamydia trachomatis. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of the copper sensitivity of two economically important saltwater mussel species and a review of previously reported copper toxicity data for mussels: Important implications for determining future ambient copper saltwater criteria in the USA
Authors: Arnold W. Ray , Cotsifas Jeffrey S. , Smith D. Scott , Le Page Steven , Gruenthal Kristen M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSaltwater bivalves of the genus Mytilus are among the most copper sensitive taxa listed in both the current and recently proposed U.S. EPA ambient saltwater copper criteria documents. The copper saltwater quality criteria are somewhat unique in that the criteria were set specifically to protect Mytilus. However, there is considerable uncertainty in the reported taxonomy of Mytilus species in the criteria database and it has recently been demonstrated the copper toxicity to M. galloprovincialis is dependent on the organic matter content of the test water. A review of the toxicity and biogeography literature was conducted to rationalize the existing criteria database. Elimination of some data is suggested due to the uncertainty of test organism genotype. Moreover, due to the lack of reported dissolved organic matter content of the test waters in tests included in the criteria database, it is impossible to determine if the difference in species mean acute values reported in the criteria documents for Mytilus was due to differences in water chemistry or differences in species sensitivity. Experiments were designed and conducted with M. galloprovincialis and M. edulis (genetically confirmed) to determine if copper toxicity is a function of organic matter content for these two species and if there is a significant difference in species copper sensitivity. Results showed that copper toxicity is a function of organic matter concentration for both species and copper sensitivity of each species was statistically similar. Results support the normalization of the saltwater copper criteria database with respect to dissolved organic matter when developing ambient saltwater copper criteria. The USEPA toxicity database would benefit from future testing of M. trossulus and M. californianus. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Flexible block‐wise loading algorithm for effective resource allocation and reduction of uplink feedback information in OFDMA systems
Authors: Sun TaeHyoung , Wang YuPeng , Chang KyungHi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAdaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is a well‐known technique that selects a suitable modulation level and coding rate according to the user's channel quality. The utilization of AMC in downlink (DL) requires the channel information of each user on DL to properly select the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level. However, under a practical OFDMA system environment, it is unsuitable to feedback all the channel information over the whole frequency resources due to the limited uplink bandwidth. In this paper, to optimize the performance of the AMC system and to reduce the uplink feedback requirement, we propose a flexible block‐wise loading (FBL) algorithm combined with a novel channel quality information (CQI) feedback scheme requiring less number of CQI feedback bits, which is suitable for the general OFDMA system with AMC. The proposed FBL algorithm dynamically allocates groups of sub‐carriers to each user in DL based on the channel quality information encapsulated in a newly defined feedback signal format. As a result, the sector throughput and outage performance is improved due to the flexibility on the sub‐channel allocation and increased accuracy on the CQI feedback information by the proposed FBL algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.