bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Indoor Levels of Suspended Particulates and Nitrogen Dioxide a Few Hours later after an Asthmatic Attack
Authors: UKPEBOR Emmanuel Ehiabhi , OKUO James Majebi , EKANEM Victor James , UKPEBOR Justina Ebehirieme 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSuspended particulates (TSP) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are known respiratory irritants linked to asthma aggravation. This pilot study was designed to investigate the role of these pollutants on the frequency of asthmatic attack on two of the inhabitants of a household. The surveillance of TSP and NO2 in this household commenced a few hours later, after one of the occupants suffered an attack. The TSP load determination was done using a High Volume Gravimetric sampler and a light scattering method via a Haz‐Dust 10 µm particulate monitor. Palmes Diffusion tubes for NO2 and a portable Crowcon Gasman toxic gas detector were utilized for NO2 screening. In the first day of monitoring in the living room, the in situ particulate sampler (Haz‐Dust) recorded a mean TSP level of 26,000 µg·m−3. A confirmatory test with the eight hour average Gravimetric sampler gave 25,833 µg·m−3. With the use of the Gasman toxic gas detector for NO2, the NO2 concentration for the first few hours of sampling was lower than 188 µg·m−3, the detection limit of this instrument. However, the exact NO2 concentrations for the 7 day monitoring after the attack were 27.50 µg·m−3 (kitchen) and 12.03 µg·m−3 (living room) as recorded by the Palmes diffusion tubes.
Sulphamic Acid (H2NSO3H)‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction of β ‐Naphthol: An Expeditious Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols
Authors: NAGAWADE Rahul R. , SHINDE Devanand B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSulphamic acid (H2NSO3H) was found to be an efficient catalyst for the multicomponent condensation reaction of β‐naphthol, aromatic aldehydes and urea or amides to afford the corresponding α‐amidoalkyl‐β‐naphthols in good yields. The remarkable features of this new procedure are high conversions, short reaction time, clean reaction profiles and simple experimental and work‐up procedures.
Alkaloids from Fritillaria Hupehensis
Authors: ZHANG Yong‐Hui , YANG Xi‐Liang , ZHOU Xue‐Feng , RUAN Han‐Li , PI Hui‐Fang , WU Ji‐Zhou , SUN Han‐Dong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis resulted in the isolation and structural elucidation of a new highly conjugated alkaloid of veratramine type identified as 3β,23β‐dihydroxy‐7,12(14)‐dien‐5α‐veratramin‐6‐one (1), together with two known alkaloids, ebeinine (2) and zhebeinine (3), which were isolated for the first time from F. hupehensis. The structures of alkaloids 1–3 were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral analyses.
Synthesis and in vitro Property Study of Polyaspartamides
Authors: YAN Guo‐Ping , WANG Xiao‐Yan , WANG Xu‐Li , HUANG Shi‐Wen , ZHUO Ren‐Xi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCationic polyaspartamides including poly‐α,β‐[N′‐(2‐aminoethy1)‐L‐aspartamide] (PAEA), poly‐α,β‐[N′‐(4‐aminobutyl)‐L‐aspartamide] (PABA), poly‐α,β‐[N′‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐L‐aspartamide] (PAHA), poly‐α,β‐[N′‐(5‐amino‐3‐azapentyl)‐L‐aspartamide] (PAAPA) and poly‐α,β‐[N′‐(8‐amino‐3,6‐diazaoctyl)‐L‐aspartamide] (PADAOA) were synthesized from polysuccinimide. Their properties were evaluated by 1H NMR, IR, GPC, fluorescence measurement and in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The molecular weights per primary amine charge group of PAEA(1) (Mn=2229), PAAPA and PADAOA are 212, 279, and 226. Polyaspartamides including PAEA(1), PAAPA, PADAOA and low molecular weight PAHA are markedly less toxic than poly(ethyleneimine) and poly(L‐lysine), however, PABA and higher molecular weight PAHA are slightly less toxic than poly(L‐lysine). Cell cytotoxicity of PAHA was seen to decrease with increasing molecular weight of PAHA, due to water solubility reduction. The negatively charged plasmid DNA has been found to be completely neutralized and complexed by the cationic polyaspartamides at an N/P ratio of 5:1 to 10:1, forming self‐assembled polyplexes via ionic interactions. These polyaspartamide/DNA complexes possess stable zeta potentials and mean particle diameters of about 180 nm for PAEA (1)/DNA and PAAPA/DNA complexes and 280 nm for PADAOA/DNA complexes.
Development and Evaluation of Gold 3D Cylindrical Nanoelectrode Ensembles
Authors: CAO Li‐Xin , YAN Pei‐Sheng , SUN Ke‐Ning , KIRK W Donald 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGold 3D cylindrical nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs), 100 nm in diameter and 500 nm in length were prepared by electroless template synthesis in polycarbonate filter membranes, followed by selective controlled chemical etching. The morphology of the nanowires and cylindrical NEEs was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. The protruding nanoelectrodes were in good parallel order. EDX study showed that the nanoelectrode elements consisted of pure gold. The electrochemical evaluation of the 3D electrodes was conducted using the well known [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− couple. Cyclic voltammgrams (CV) show a very low double layer charging current and a higher ratio of signal to background current than 2D disc NEEs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicates that the 3D cylindrical NEEs effectively accelerate the charge transfer process, which is in consistent with the results of CV. The linear relationship with a slope of 0.5 between lg Ipc and lg v shows that linear diffusion is dominant on the 3D cylindrical NEEs at conventional scan rates.
Tri‐n‐butylphosphine Mediated Ring‐Opening Reactions of Aziridines or Epoxides with Diphenyl Diselenide
Authors: ZHANG Wan‐Xuan , YE Kang , RUAN Shan , CHEN Zu‐Xing , XIA Qing‐Hua 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAziridines and epoxides were reacted with diphenyl diselenide in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of (n‐Bu)3P, respectively, giving β‐amino‐ or β‐hydroxy selenides in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. In the reactions the (n‐Bu)3P might act as a reductant though it was a nucleophilic catalyst in other similar ring‐opening reactions.
Nomogram incorporating PSA level to predict cancer‐specific survival for men with clinically localized prostate cancer managed without curative intent
Authors: Kattan Michael W. , Cuzick Jack , Fisher Gabrielle , Berney Daniel M. , Oliver Tim , Foster Christopher S. , Møller Henrik , Reuter Victor , Fearn Paul , Eastham James , Scardino Peter T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The prognosis of men with clinically localized prostate cancer is highly variable, and it is difficult to counsel a man who may be considering avoiding, or delaying, aggressive therapy. After collecting data on a large cohort of men who received no initial active prostate cancer therapy, the aim was to develop, and to internally validate, a nomogram for prediction of disease‐specific survival.METHODS.Working with 6 cancer registries within England and numerous hospitals in the region, a population‐based cohort of men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1990 and 1996 was constructed. All men had baseline serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) measurements, centralized pathologic grading, and centralized review of clinical stage assignment. Based on the clinical and pathologic data from 1911 men, a statistical model was developed and validated that served as the basis for the nomogram. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were assessed with use of one‐third of the men, who were omitted from modeling and used as a test sample.RESULTS.The median age of the included men was 70.4 years. The 25th and 75th percentiles of PSA were 7.3 and 32.6 ng/mL respectively, and the median was 15.4 ng/mL. Forty‐two percent of the men had high‐grade disease. The nomogram predicted well, with a concordance index of 0.73, and had good calibration.CONCLUSIONS.An accurate tool was developed for predicting the probability that a man with clinically localized prostate cancer will survive his disease for 120 months if the cancer is not treated with curative intent immediately. The tool should be helpful for patient counseling and clinical trial design. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Improved survival with adjuvant external‐beam radiation therapy in lymph node‐negative pancreatic cancer
Authors: Artinyan Avo , Hellan Minia , Mojica‐Manosa Pablo , Chen Yi‐Jen , Pezner Richard , Ellenhorn Joshua D. I. , Kim Joseph 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Although chemoradiation often is administered as an adjuvant to pancreatic cancer surgery, recent reports have disputed the benefit of radiation therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adjuvant radiation therapy in patients with locally confined, lymph node‐negative (N0) pancreatic cancer.METHODS.The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry was used to identify patients who had undergone cancer‐directed surgery for N0 pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 1988 and 2003. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were constructed to compare overall survival between patients who did and did not receive adjuvant external‐beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic significance of EBRT when additional clinicopathologic factors were assessed. The analysis also examined the potential treatment selection bias of patients with survival <3 months.RESULTS.A cohort of 1930 surgical patients with N0 disease was identified. The median survival was 17 months. Irradiated patients had significantly better survival compared with nonirradiated patients (20 months vs 15 months, respectively; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, adjuvant EBRT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.63–0.82; P < .001), age, grade, tumor classification, and tumor location were independent predictors of survival. When patients with survival <3 months were excluded from the analysis, no difference in survival between the EBRT group and the nonradiation group was noted on univariate comparison (P value not significant). However, on multivariate analysis, EBRT remained an independent predictor of improved overall survival (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75–1.00; P = .044).CONCLUSIONS.Adjuvant EBRT was associated with improved survival in patients with operable, N0 pancreatic cancer. Its use should be considered in patients who have early‐stage N0 disease. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Circulating bone marrow‐derived endothelial progenitor cells: Characterization, mobilization, and therapeutic considerations in malignant disease
Authors: Dome Balazs , Dobos Judit , Tovari Jozsef , Paku Sandor , Kovacs Gabor , Ostoros Gyula , Timar Jozsef 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUntil recently, tumor vascularization was thought to occur exclusively through angiogenesis. However, recent studies using different animal models of cancer suggested the importance of bone marrow‐derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) (i.e. postnatal vasculogenesis) in tumor vascularization and growth. EPCs are present in the peripheral blood, their levels are increased in response to certain signals/cytokines, and they home into the neovascular bed of malignant tissues. Furthermore, at the clinical level, evidence is emerging that changes in EPC levels might predict the efficacy of anticancer drug combinations that include antiangiogenic agents. On the basis of these observations, EPCs have attractive potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications for malignant diseases. In this paper, we review biological features of EPCs and speculate on the utility of these progenitor cells for medical oncology. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Effects of oleanolic acid and maslinic acid on hyperlipidemia
Authors: Liu Jun , Sun Hongbin , Wang Xiaofen , Mu Dongyan , Liao Hong , Zhang Luyong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the therapeutic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes, oleanolic acid (OA) and maslinic acid (MA), on hyperlipidemia in a high‐cholesterol diet model. Hyperlipidemia was induced in male Sprague‐Dawley rats by feeding with a high‐cholesterol diet (HCD) for 30 days. MA and OA were supplemented (100 mg/kg body wt/day) during the last 15 days. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) increased in hyperlipidemic rats. An apparent increase in the expression of Acyl‐CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) mRNA was seen in HCD‐fed rats. The activities of hepatic marker enzymes that serve as indices of cellular injury were also altered in HCD‐fed rats. Treatment with triterpenes modulated the abnormalities induced by hyperlipidimia. Lipid accumulation was decreased in histological findings. Elevated hepatic glycogen content (P<0.05) in triterpene groups was observed compared with HCD‐fed groups. Furthermore, ACAT gene expression was suppressed compared with hyperlipidemia‐induced groups without triterpenes. It can be concluded that triterpene treatment possesses therapeutic effects on diet‐induced hyperlipidemia by inhibiting the intestinal absorption and storage of cholesterol. Drug Dev Res 68:261–266, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Air stripping of ammonia and methanol in a bubble‐cap column
Authors: Jenkins D.H. , McCallum D.A. , Ruzbacky R. , Saunders S. , Brent A.K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA twenty‐tray single bubble‐cap column was used to air strip ammonia and methanol from a synthetic, as well as a plant wastewater stream. When feeding synthetic solutions containing ∼700 mg/kg ammonia, stripping efficiencies of more than 98% were achieved at gas to liquid mass ratios (G/L) ratios of 2.5–2.7. This produced stripper bottom solutions contains ∼10 mg/kg ammonia. Reducing the air flow by 25% increased the ammonia content in the stripper bottoms to ∼30 mg/kg.Using the graphical McCabe–Theile method, the overall column efficiency for the bubble cap column during ammonia stripping was between 9 and 26% because of the low contact efficiency of this column.When treating the “as received” plant wastewater, the ammonia removal efficiency was only 84% at thelower G/L ratio. This increased to 99% by raising the pH from 9.8 to 11.5 and increasing the G/L mass ratio.The ammonia volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) for these tests was calculated to be between 0.38 and 0.58 h−1.Both stripping and absorption of methanol occurred in the column during stripping of ammonia. Based upon solution analyses, the methanol removal efficiency varied between 55 and 95%. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Boron recovery from borax sludge using solid–liquid extraction followed by sorption with a boron selective resin in column
Authors: Özdemir Mine , Kıpçak İlker 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe recovery of boron from borax sludge was studied. Initially, the solid–liquid extraction was applied to borax sludge in a batch reactor. Subsequently, the extraction solution was treated with the Amberlite IRA‐743—boron specific resin for the separation of boron from the calcium and magnesium components in the extraction solution. In the batch studies, the effect of pH on the boron recovery was studied by adjusting the pH of extraction solution using HCl and NaOH solution. Optimum boron recovery of 44% was obtained at pH 8. The column studies were carried out using different inlet boron concentrations and flow rates at pH 8 and 25°C. Thomas and the Yoon–Nelson Models were found suitable to describe the dynamic behavior of the column and to determine the column kinetic parameters for process design. Almost all the boron, which was sorbed by the resin was eluted using a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. It was seen that the concentrations of other species in the elution solution were insignificant so that it could not to be detected. In this process, boron was successfully separated from the calcium and magnesium species. It was determined that approximately 70% of the boron in the extraction solution could be recovered at an inlet boron concentration of 250 mg/L, a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min, a pH value of 8 and a temperature of 25°C. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Gliatrophic and gliatropic roles of PVF/PVR signaling during axon guidance
Authors: Learte A. R. , Forero M. G. , Hidalgo A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEvidence of molecular and functional homology between vertebrate and Drosophila glia is limited, restricting the power of Drosophila as a model system to unravel the molecular basis of glial function. Like in vertebrates, in the Drosophila central nervous system glial cells are produced in excess and surplus glia are eliminated by apoptosis adjusting final glial number to axons. The underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown, as the only gliatrophic pathway known to date in flies is the EGFR and its ligands. The PDGFR signaling pathway plays a major role in regulating oligodendrocyte migration and number in vertebrates. Here, we show that the Drosophila PDGFR/VEGFR homologue PVR is required in midline glia during axon guidance for glial survival and migration, ultimately enabling axonal enwrapment. The midline glia migrate aided by the VUM and the MP1 midline neurons—sources of PVF ligands—and concomitantly interactions with neurons maintain midline glia survival. Upon loss of function for PVF/PVR signaling midline glia apoptosis increases, and gain of function induces supernumerary midline glia. Midline glial cells are displaced towards ectopic sources of PVF ligands. PVR signaling promotes midline glia survival through AKT and ERK pathways. This work shows that the PVR/PDGFR pathway plays conserved gliatrophic and gliatropic roles in subsets of glial cells in flies and vertebrates. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RETRACTED: Hippocampus of Ames dwarf mice is resistant to β‐amyloid‐induced tau hyperphosphorylation and changes in apoptosis‐regulatory protein levels
Authors: Schrag Matthew , Sharma Sunita , Brown‐Borg Holly , Ghribi Othman 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Ames dwarf mouse has a long lifespan and is characterized by a marked resistance to cellular stress, an event that is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with aging, including Alzheimer's disease. However, very little is known on the extent to which the Ames dwarf mouse is protected against Alzheimer's disease. We have developed an organotypic slice system cultured from hippocampi of adult dwarf mice and examined deleterious effects of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptide, a key pathogenic event in the course of Alzheimer's disease. We present the first evidence that long living Ames mice resist β‐amyloid toxicity. We demonstrate that organotypic slices from adult dwarf mice, but not their normal phenotype counterparts (wild type), are resistant to Aβ25‐35‐induced hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, reduction in levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2, increase in levels of the pro‐apoptotic protein Bax, and activation of caspase 3. Moreover, incubation of organotypic sections with the GSK‐3β inhibitor SB216763 prevented tau phosphorylation but not alterations in levels of Bcl‐2, Bax, and caspase‐3. Because the hippocampus is a brain area that is severely affected in Alzheimer's disease, our study proposes that organotypic slices from hippocampi of adult Ames dwarf mice may constitute a model system for understanding endogenous factors that may confer protection against Aβ. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibodies against malaria and Epstein‐Barr virus in childhood Burkitt lymphoma: A case‐control study in Uganda
Authors: Carpenter Lucy M. , Newton Robert , Casabonne Delphine , Ziegler John , Mbulaiteye Sam , Mbidde Edward , Wabinga Henry , Jaffe Harold , Beral Valerie 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBurkitt lymphoma, a childhood tumor common in parts of sub‐Saharan Africa, has been directly associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and indirectly with prevalence of malaria. We studied antibodies to both EBV and malaria in children diagnosed with this cancer in Uganda. We performed a case‐control study of HIV‐seronegative children (≤15 years) admitted to hospital. Cases were diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma and controls with non‐malignant conditions or non‐lymphatic cancers. Interviews were conducted and serological samples collected and, when possible, tested for both EBV and malaria. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for Burkitt lymphoma were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, residential district, household income and tribe. The mean age of cases was 7 years and 61% were male. Compared to controls, cases were more likely to be reported having received more frequent treatment for malaria in the past year (OR = 2.0; p = 0.001) and less likely to be living in a home where insecticides were used (OR = 0.2; p < 0.0001). Odds ratios for Burkitt lymphoma in children increased with increasing antibody levels against EBV (p < 0.0001) and malaria (p = 0.05). Findings were similar for children residing in districts close to the capital city and in remote areas. Cases were 5 times more likely than controls to have raised levels of both EBV and malaria antibodies (OR = 5.0; p = 0.003). Our findings suggest that EBV and malaria may act synergistically in the pathogenesis of childhood Burkitt lymphoma. Malaria prevention measures may also prevent this childhood cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic significance of HIF‐1α polymorphisms in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Nadaoka Junichi , Horikawa Yohei , Saito Mitsuru , Kumazawa Teruaki , Inoue Takamitsu , Narita Shintaro , Yuasa Takeshi , Satoh Shigeru , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Ogawa Osamu , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Habuchi Tomonori 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecently, two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) gene, P582S and A588T, were shown to cause significantly higher transcriptional activity than the wild type. We investigated the association between the HIF‐1α polymorphisms and the incidence and progression of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and the relationship between the polymorphisms and the tissue vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level or microvessel density (MVD). A total of 219 patients with bladder cancer and 464 healthy native Japanese control subjects were enrolled. Tissue VEGF and HIF‐1α expression levels and the mean MVD were evaluated in 73 radical cystectomy specimens by immunohistochemistry. The HIF‐1α genotype did not significantly influence the incidence or disease status of bladder cancer. Among patients who underwent radical cystectomy, those with a variant allele had significantly worse disease‐free survival (p = 0.001) and disease‐specific survival (p = 0.006) than those without a variant allele. Multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model revealed that the presence of a variant allele was an independent predictor of disease‐free survival (HR = 3.10, 95%CI = 1.38–6.99, p = 0.006). Although not statistically significant, the moderate/high expression levels of VEGF in tumor tissues were more frequently observed in patients with a HIF‐1α variant allele (11/13, 84.6%) than in those without (33/60, 55%, p = 0.063). The HIF‐1α polymorphisms may have a significant influence on the poor prognosis of the patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, while they seem to have no relation to the bladder cancer occurrence. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.