bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 3-mm flux density monitoring of Sagittarius A* with the ATCA
Authors: Li J. , Shen Z. Q. , Miyazaki A. , Miyoshi M. , Tsutsumi T. , Tsuboi M. , Huang L. , Sault B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe have performed monitoring observations of the 3-mm flux density toward the Galactic center compact radio source Sgr A* with the ATCA since 2005 October. It has been found that during several observing epochs Sgr A* was quite active, showing significant intraday variation. Here we report the detection of an IDV in Sgr A* on 2006 August 13, which exhibits a 27% fractional variation in about 2 hrs.
Astrometric planet searches with SIM PlanetQuest
Authors: Beichman C. A. , Unwin S. C. , Shao M. , Tanner A. M. , Catanzarite J. H. , Marcy G. W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSIM will search for planets with masses as small as the Earth's orbiting in the ‘habitable zones’ around more than 100 of the nearest stars and could discover many dozen if Earth-like planets are common. With a planned “Deep Survey” of 100–450 stars (depending on desired mass sensitivity) SIM will search for terrestrial planets around all of the candidate target stars for future direct detection missions such as Terrestrial Planet Finder and Darwin. SIM's “Broad Survey” of 2100 stars will characterize single and multiple-planet systems around a wide variety of stellar types, including many now inaccessible with the radial velocity technique. In particular, SIM will search for planets around young stars providing insights into how planetary systems are born and evolve with time.
Determination of the barycentric velocity of an astrometric satellite using its own observational data
Authors: Butkevich A. G. , Klioner S. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe problem of determination of the orbital velocity of an astrometric satellite from its own observational data is studied. It is well known that data processing of microarcsecond-level astrometric observations imposes very stringent requirements on the accuracy of the orbital velocity of satellite (a velocity correction of 1.45 mm/s implies an aberrational correction of 1 μas). Because of a number of degeneracies the orbital velocity cannot be fully restored from observations provided by the satellite. Seven constraints that must be applied on a velocity parameterization are discussed and formulated mathematically. It is shown what part of velocity can be recovered from astrometric data using a combined fit of both velocity parameters and astrometric parameters of the sources. Numerical simulations show that, with the seven constraints applied, the velocity and astrometric parameters can be reliably estimated from observational data. It is also argued that the idea to improve the velocity of an astrometric satellite from its own observational data is only useful if a priori information on orbital velocity justifies the applicability of the velocity constraints. The proposed model takes into account only translational motion of the satellite and ignores any satellite-specific parameters. Therefore, the results of this study are equally applicable to both scanning missions similar to Gaia, and pointing ones like SIM, provided that enough sources were observed sufficiently uniformly.
JStuff - a preliminary extragalactic model for the ESA-Gaia satellite simulation framework
Authors: Krone-Martins A. G. O. , Ducourant C. , Teixeira R. , Luri X. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this work we describe the JStuff, a preliminary generator of mock catalogues of extragalactic objects based on the Stuff code. This version is being implemented in the Java language for the ESA-Gaia satellite simulation framework. We also compare some results obtained with both versions of the simulator.
Simulating Gaia observations and on-ground reconstruction
Authors: Masana E. , Fabricius C. , Torra J. , Portell J. , Catañeda J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOn a daily basis the Gaia telemetry data (some 30 GB) must be stored and treated in order to reconstruct the actual observations. This initial data treatment processes all newly arrived telemetry and various pieces of auxiliary data. The first part of the process is merely a reformatting to create raw objects for permanent storage in the raw data base (some 40 TB at the end of the mission). The next part is to analyze the data to derive initial values for the observables, e.g. transit times and fluxes, producing intermediate objects. Finally, the intermediate objects are matched with sources in the data base, linking all the observations of a given source.To check the initial data treatment algorithm we use simulations of the telemetry stream provided by GASS, the Gaia System Simulator. GASS simulates astrometric, photometric and radial velocity data, using models of the satellite and on-board instruments, as well as the models of different of objects observed by Gaia (stars, galaxies, solar system objects, . . .). On the other hand, the initial data treatment allows us to validate the data generated by GASS, which are used too to check other algorithms like the First Look or the Astrometric Global Iterative Solution (AGIS).
Time transfer by laser link between China and France
Authors: Zhao C. , Ni W. T. , Samain E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTo advance from milli-arcsecond to micro-arcsecond astrometry, time keeping capability and its comparison among different stations need to be improved and enhanced. The T2L2 (Time transfer by laser link) experiment under development at OCA and CNES to be launched in 2008 on Jason-2, allows the synchronization of remote clocks on Earth. It is based on the propagation of light pulses in space which is better controlled than propagation of radio waves. In this paper, characteristics are presented for both a common view and non-common view T2L2 comparisons of clocks between China and France.
Deep-space laser-ranging missions ASTROD and ASTROD I for astrodynamics and astrometry
Authors: Ni W. T. ,   the ASTROD I ESA COSMIC VISION 2015-2025 TEAM
Published: July 2008

AbstractDeep-space laser ranging will be ideal for testing relativistic gravity, and mapping the solar-system to an unprecedented accuracy. ASTROD (Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices) and ASTROD I are such missions. ASTROD I is a mission with a single spacecraft; it is the first step of ASTROD with 3 spacecraft. In this talk, after a brief review of ASTROD and ASTROD I, we concentrate on the precision of solar astrodynamics that can be achieved together with implications on astrometry and reference frame ties. The precise planetary ephemeris derived from these missions together with second post-Newtonian test of relativistic gravity will serve as a foundation for future precise astrometry observations. Relativistic frameworks are discussed from these considerations.
The restoration of the quadrupole light bending
Authors: Crosta M. T. , Gardiol D. , Lattanzi M. G. , Morbidelli R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe ESA astrometric mission Gaia will be able to put to test General Relativity thanks to differential astrometric measurements. The differential experiment, GAREX, implemented in the form of repeated Eddington-like measurement, aims at measuring the quadrupole light bending due to an oblate planet by comparing the evolution of relative distances in stellar fields in the vicinity of it. Simulations which utilize (i) selected fields extracted from the GSCII data base, (ii) a realistic error model as function of the star's magnitude and distance from Jupiter's edge, show the real best scenarios and how to improve the Gaia ability to detect this relativistic effect.
Astrometric data for NEAs extracted from the infrared DENIS survey
Authors: Thuillot W. , Berthier J. , Iglésias J. , Simon G. , Lainey V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWhen astrometric data can be extracted from archives, this generally allows us to get very strong constraints for the orbital modeling of Solar System objects. This is particularly important for Near-Earth Asteroids. We have developed tools in the Virtual Observatory framework in order to carry out such a task. We have applied them to the DENIS survey. This survey has been performed from 1995 to 2001 in the I, J, K' spectral bands with a 1m telescope at ESO La Silla. Many sources associated to Solar System Objects have been identified and we present our preliminary results.
Worldwide R&D of Virtual Observatory
Authors: Cui C. Z. , Zhao Y. H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractVirtual Observatory (VO) is a data intensive online astronomical research and education environment, taking advantages of advanced information technologies to achieve seamless and uniform access to astronomical information. The concept of VO was introduced in the late 1990s to meet the challenges brought up with data avalanche in astronomy. In the paper, current status of International Virtual Observatory Alliance, technical highlights from world wide VO projects are reviewed, a brief introduction of Chinese Virtual Observatory is given.
Spiritual Values, Religious Practices, and Democratic Attitudes
Authors: Kim Myunghee 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUsing data from the 1999–2001 World Values and European Values Surveys, this article examines the impact of spiritual values and religious practices on democratic attitudes in twenty countries throughout Western Europe, North America, South America, Asia, and Africa. I assume that a reciprocal interaction between national conditions and individual orientations shapes support for democracy. Religious commitment as theological orthodoxy and attendance at religious services does not strengthen democratic views. Instead, explicitly political and cultural variables explain approval for democratic principles, particularly among industrialized countries. Individuals who express a low fear of threatening groups also back democratic institutions, regardless of a nation's industrialization. Among religious affiliations, Protestants in developing countries advocate democratic values. So do Muslims in industrialized countries. Nonmembers of religious institutions, however, are less likely to uphold democratic attitudes.
Environmental Education Television Episodes
Authors: Peterson Jane , Seielstad George 
Published: June 2008

“Our Changing Planet” is a series of 90‐second television episodes whose purpose is to enhance public understanding of the global environment and the changes it is undergoing. The hope is that with this deeper understanding, people will appreciate the need to modify behaviors that produce negative environmental effects.The episodes are produced by the Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium at the University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, with partial funding from NASA. To date, 40 episodes have been created and distributed to 46 public television stations across the United States by the National Educational Telecommunications Association.
O'Hara Receives 2007 Harry H. Hess Medal
Authors: Niu Yaoling , O'Hara Michael John 
Published: June 2008

The Harry H. Hess Medal recognizes “outstanding achievements in research in the constitution and evolution of Earth and other planets.” It is thus most appropriate that Mike O'Hara receive the 2007 Hess Medal of the American Geophysical Union.Mike started as a field geologist studying the Scourie Gneisses in Scotland. As a pioneer, Mike used experimental petrology to study the petrogenesis of mantle rocks and rocks derived from the mantle that build the ocean crust. Mike's talent is also marked by his insights into the petrogenesis of lunar basalts. It is fair to say that modern igneous petrology and geochemistry would not be the same without Mike's many discoveries, creative efforts, and deep insights.
Beyond Brainstorming: Exploring Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: Climate Change Adaptation for Water Managers; Oracle, Arizona, 4–5 February 2008
Authors: Garfin Gregg , Jacobs Katharine , Buizer James 
Published: June 2008

The most visible manifestation of climate change in the American Southwest is its effects on water resources. Since 1999, the region's water supplies and major rivers have been tested by burgeoning population growth and drought. Model projections suggest increasing drought severity and duration due to rising temperatures, increased evapotranspiration, and enhanced atmospheric circulation from the tropics (Hadley circulation).The Arizona Water Institute, Arizona State University, and University of Arizona convened a “knowledge network” of local, state, tribal, and federal water resources managers and scientists to identify climate change adaptation and response strategies.
Identification and pharmacological characterization of the prostaglandin FP receptor and FP receptor variant complexes
Authors: Liang Y , Woodward D F , Guzman V M , Li C , Scott D F , Wang J W , Wheeler L A , Garst M E , Landsverk K , Sachs G , Krauss A H‐P , Cornell C , Martos J , Pettit S , Fliri H 
Published: June 2008

Background and purpose:A prostamide analogue, bimatoprost, has been shown to be effective in reducing intraocular pressure, but its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Hence, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this effect of bimatoprost, we focused on pharmacologically characterizing prostaglandin FP receptor (FP) and FP receptor variant (altFP) complexes.Experimental approach:FP receptor mRNA variants were identified by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The FP‐altFP4 heterodimers were established in HEK293/EBNA cells co‐expressing FP and altFP4 receptor variants. A fluorometric imaging plate reader was used to study Ca2+mobilization. Upregulation of cysteine‐rich angiogenic protein 61 (Cyr61) mRNA was measured by Northern blot analysis, and phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) by western analysis.Key results:Six splicing variants of FP receptor mRNA were identified in human ocular tissues. Immunoprecipitation confirmed that the FP receptor is dimerized with altFP4 receptors in HEK293/EBNA cells co‐expressing FP and altFP4 receptors. In the studies of the kinetic profile for Ca2+mobilization, prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) elicited a rapid increase in intracellular Ca2+followed by a steady state phase. In contrast, bimatoprost elicited an immediate increase in intracellular Ca2+followed by a second phase. The prostamide antagonist, AGN211335, selectively and dose‐dependently inhibited the bimatoprost‐initiated second phase of Ca2+mobilization, Cyr61 mRNA upregulation and MLC phosphorylation, but did not block the action of PGF2α.Conclusion and implications:Bimatoprost lacks effects on the FP receptor but may interact with the FP‐altFP receptor heterodimer to induce alterations in second messenger signalling. Hence, FP‐altFP complexes may represent the underlying basis of bimatoprost pharmacology.British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)154, 1079–1093; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.142; published online 21 April 2008
Lapaquistat acetate, a squalene synthase inhibitor, changes macrophage/lipid‐rich coronary plaques of hypercholesterolaemic rabbits into fibrous lesions
Authors: Shiomi M , Yamada S , Amano Y , Nishimoto T , Ito T 
Published: June 2008

Background and purpose:Inhibition of squalene synthesis could transform unstable, macrophage/lipid‐rich coronary plaques into stable, fibromuscular plaques. We have here treated WHHLMI rabbits, a model for coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, with a novel squalene synthase inhibitor, lapaquistat acetate (TAK‐475).Experimental approach:Young male WHHLMI rabbits were fed a diet supplemented with lapaquistat acetate (100 or 200 mg per kg body weight per day) for 32 weeks. Serum lipid levels were monitored every 4 weeks. After the treatment, lipoprotein lipid and coenzyme Q10 levels were assayed, and coronary atherosclerosis and xanthomas were examined histopathologically or immunohistochemically. From histopathological and immunohistochemical sections, the composition of the plaque was analysed quantitatively with computer‐assisted image analysis. Xanthoma was evaluated grossly.Key results:Lapaquistat acetate decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, by lowering lipoproteins containing apoB100. Development of atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis was suppressed. Accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins, macrophages and extracellular lipid was decreased in coronary plaques of treated animals. Treatment with lapaquistat acetate increased collagen concentration and transformed coronary plaques into fibromuscular plaques. Lapaquistat acetate also suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 in the plaque and increased peripheral coenzyme Q10 levels. Increased coenzyme Q10 levels and decreased very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were correlated with improvement of coronary plaque composition.Conclusion and implications:Inhibition of squalene synthase by lapaquistat acetate delayed progression of coronary atherosclerosis and changed coronary atheromatous plaques from unstable, macrophage/lipid accumulation‐rich, lesions to stable fibromuscular lesions.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154, 949–957; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.143; published online 21 April 2008
Regulation of M2‐type pyruvate kinase mediated by the high‐affinity IgE receptors is required for mast cell degranulation
Authors: Ryu H , Walker J K L , Kim S , Koo N , Barak L S , Noguchi T , Kang B Y , Kim K‐M 
Published: June 2008

Background and purpose:M2‐type pyruvate kinase (M2PK) was found to interact directly with the ‘ITAM’ region of the γ chain of the high‐affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRI). Our hypothesis was that mast cell degranulation might require the FcɛRI‐mediated inhibition of M2PK activity.Experimental approach:In rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL‐2H3) cells, the effects of directly inhibiting M2PK or preventing the FcɛRI‐mediated inhibition of M2PK (disinhibition) on degranulation was measured by hexosaminidase release. Effects of blocking the FcɛRI‐mediated inhibition of M2PK was also assessed in vivo in a mouse model of allergen‐induced airway hyper‐responsiveness.Key results:Activation of FcɛRI in RBL‐2H3 cells caused the rapid phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in M2PK, associated with a decrease in M2PK enzymatic activity. There was an inverse correlation between M2PK activity and mast cell degranulation. FcɛRI‐mediated inhibition of M2PK involved Src kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, PKC and calcium. Direct inhibition of M2PK potentiated FcɛRI‐mediated degranulation and prevention of the FcɛRI‐mediated inhibition of M2PK attenuated mast cell degranulation. Transfection of RBL‐2H3 cells with M1PK which prevents FcɛRI‐induced inhibition of M2PK, markedly reduced their degranulation and exogenous M1PK (i.p.) inhibited ovalbumin‐induced airway hyper‐responsiveness in vivo.Conclusions and implications:We have identified a new control point and a novel biochemical pathway in the process of mast cell degranulation. Our study suggests that the FcɛRI‐mediated inhibition of M2PK is a crucial step in responses to allergens. Moreover, the manipulation of glycolytic processes and intermediates could provide novel strategies for the treatment of allergic diseases.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154, 1035–1046; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.148; published online 21 April 2008
A cholecystokinin‐1 receptor agonist (CCK‐8) mediates increased permeability of brain barriers to leptin
Authors: Cano V , Merino B , Ezquerra L , Somoza B , Ruiz‐Gayo M 
Published: June 2008

Background and purpose:Leptin regulates energy expenditure and body weight by acting both on the hypothalamus and on peripheral targets. Central actions of leptin are enhanced by cholecystokinin (CCK). The interaction between leptin and CCK makes physiological sense, as rats lacking CCK1 receptors are resistant to peripheral leptin but not to leptin directly infused into the brain. We have recently reported that CCK enhances leptin effects by increasing the entry of leptin into the CNS. The aim of this work was to further characterize the effect of CCK (10 μg kg−1) on leptin kinetics as well as the CCK receptor subtype involved in the interaction between CCK and leptin.Experimental approach:Experiments were carried out both in free‐feeding and in fasted rats receiving a single dose of leptin (100 μg kg−1; i.p.). Parameters analysed over the next 6 h were plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of leptin.Key results:We observed that CCK‐8 depressed the increase in plasma leptin that followed the i.p. injection and simultaneously increased leptin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid from 92±25 to 230±24 pg mL−1 (P<0.05). The effect of CCK‐8 was totally prevented by the CCK1 receptor antagonist, SR‐27,897 (0.3 mg kg−1, s.c.), but not by the CCK2 receptor antagonist, L‐365,260 (1 mg kg−1).Conclusions and implications:These results show that CCK plays a role in regulating the access of leptin to the brain and suggest that CCK analogues, acting on CCK1 receptors, might be useful drugs in improving leptin actions within the brain.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154, 1009–1015; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.149; published online 21 April 2008
Future innovations in anti‐platelet therapies
Authors: Barrett N E , Holbrook L , Jones S , Kaiser W J , Moraes L A , Rana R , Sage T , Stanley R G , Tucker K L , Wright B , Gibbins J M 
Published: June 2008

Platelets have long been recognized to be of central importance in haemostasis, but their participation in pathological conditions such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis and inflammation is now also well established. The platelet has therefore become a key target in therapies to combat cardiovascular disease. Anti‐platelet therapies are used widely, but current approaches lack efficacy in a proportion of patients, and are associated with side effects including problem bleeding. In the last decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the regulation of platelet function, including the characterization of new ligands, platelet‐specific receptors and cell signalling pathways. It is anticipated this progress will impact positively on the future innovations towards more effective and safer anti‐platelet agents. In this review, the mechanisms of platelet regulation and current anti‐platelet therapies are introduced, and strong, and some more speculative, potential candidate target molecules for future anti‐platelet drug development are discussed.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154, 918–939; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.151; published online 21 April 2008