bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insight into the evolution of large‐volume turbidity currents: comparison of turbidite shape and previous modelling results
Authors: TALLING PETER J. , AMY LAWRENCE A. , WYNN RUSSELL B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Marnoso Arenacea Formation provides the most extensive correlation of individual flow deposits (beds) yet documented in an ancient turbidite system. These correlations provide unusually detailed constraints on bed shape, which is used to deduce flow evolution and assess the validity of numerical and laboratory models. Bed volumes have an approximately log‐normal frequency distribution; a small number of flows dominated sediment supply to this non‐channelized basin plain. Turbidite sandstone within small‐volume (<0·7 km3) beds thins downflow in an approximately exponential fashion. This shape is a property of spatially depletive flows, and has been reproduced by previous mathematical models and laboratory experiments. Sandstone intervals in larger‐volume (0·7–7 km3) beds have a broad thickness maximum in their proximal part. Grain‐size trends within this broad thickness maximum indicate spatially near‐uniform flow for distances of ∼30 km, although the flow was temporally unsteady. Previous mathematical models and laboratory experiments have not reproduced this type of deposit shape. This may be because models fail to simulate the way in which near bed sediment concentration tends towards a constant value (saturates) in powerful flows. Alternatively, the discrepancy may be the result of relatively high ratios of flow thickness and sediment settling velocity in submarine flows, together with very gradual changes in sea‐floor gradient. Intra‐bed erosion, temporally varying discharge, and reworking of suspension fallout as bedload could also help to explain the discrepancy in deposit shape. Most large‐volume beds contain an internal erosion surface underlain by inversely graded sandstone, recording waxing and waning flow. It has been inferred previously that these characteristics are diagnostic of turbidites generated by hyperpycnal flood discharge. These turbidites are too voluminous to have been formed by hyperpycnal flows, unless such flows are capable of eroding cubic kilometres of sea‐floor sediment. It is more likely that these flows originated from submarine slope failure. Two beds comprise multiple sandstone intervals separated only by turbidite mudstone. These features suggest that the submarine slope failures occurred as either a waxing and waning event, or in a number of stages.
Congenital lipoblastoma in a neonate calf: first report in veterinary literature
Authors: Saifzadeh Siamak , Derakhshanfar Amin , Hadian Mojtaba 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLipoblastoma is a rare benign tumour of adipose tissue that usually occurs in young children. Although around 100 cases of lipoblastoma have been reported in humans, no report has been previously described in animals. This case report describes the clinical and histopathological findings of a congenital lipoblastoma located at the tail base of a 2‐day‐old male calf. Grossly, the mass was pink with a partly ulcerated and haemorrhagic surface. The calf showed no neurological deficits. Radiographs of the vertebral column revealed no abnormalities, and surgical excision was performed. Histopathology of the mass was consistent with lipoblastoma. The calf was followed up for 13 months and found to be healthy with no signs of recurrence. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of lipoblastoma in the veterinary literature. Lipoblastoma should thus be considered in the differential diagnosis list for congenital adipose tissue tumours in animals.
Pilot study: prevalence of positive aeroallergen reactions in 10 cats with small‐airway disease without concurrent skin disease
Authors: Moriello Karen A. , Stepien Rebecca L. , Henik Rosemary A. , Wenholz Lisa J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive allergen reactions in cats with small‐airway disease (i.e. ‘feline asthma’, ‘feline allergic bronchitis’, ‘feline bronchial disease’). Intradermal skin tests (IDT) and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests were performed in 10 cats with idiopathic small‐airway disease and in 10 normal cats without a history of respiratory disease. None of the cats had a history of skin disease or clinical signs of skin disease at the time of testing. Significantly more individual positive allergen reactions were found on serum IgE tests than on IDT in both groups of cats. Affected cats had significantly more individual positive allergen reactions on both tests than unaffected cats. Both IDT and serum IgE tests resulted in more individual positive allergen reactions to weeds, trees, grasses, and/or moulds in affected cats than in normal cats. Significantly more positive allergen reactions to house dust mites were found in affected compared to non‐affected cats by IDT but not by serum IgE testing. One unexpected obstacle to inclusion of more affected cats in the study was the concurrent presence or history of suspect or known allergic skin disease. Concurrent allergic skin disease has not been reported in association with small‐airway disease in cats. The increased prevalence of individual positive allergen reactions in affected cats may be due to increased immunological reactivity in these cats. Further studies are needed to answer this question and to determine what role, if any, aeroallergens have in the pathogenesis of this complex feline disease.
Evidence‐based veterinary dermatology: a systematic review of interventions for treatment ofPseudomonasotitis in dogs
Authors: Nuttall Tim , Cole Lynette K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to treat caninePseudomonasotitis externa and media were evaluated based on the systematic review of clinical trials published between 1967 and 2006. Clinical trials were included ifPseudomonasspecies were cultured from the ears of dogs with otitis externa or otitis media prior to treatment, and if the outcome of these interventions was reported at the end of the study. Studies were compared with regard to design characteristics (randomization generation and concealment, masking, intention‐to‐treat analyses), benefit (microbiological and/or clinical resolution of thePseudomonasotitis), and adverse effects. Ten trials reporting data on 162 patients and 13 different pharmacological interventions were identified. Based on the accepted criteria for quality of evidence, there is insufficient evidence for or against recommending the use of any of these treatments forPseudomonasotitis in dogs. This is largely because there is only one trial supporting the use of each treatment option and none were randomized controlled trials. Future studies need to be prospective, randomized, blinded and controlled; designed to evaluate pharmacological interventions for otitis regardless of the infective organism; have appropriate statistical advice on recruitment numbers, the power of the study and appropriate statistical analysis; include details of underlying conditions and concomitant treatments; and be designed such that inclusion criteria include microbial culture and antimicrobial sensitivity, and outcome assessments include clinical examination, cytology and microbial culture.
Canine notoedric mange: a case report
Authors: Leone Federico 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNotoedric mange is a cutaneous ectoparasitic disease of cats caused by Notoedres cati, a mite belonging to the Sarcoptidae family. The disease occurs in felids, occasionally in other mammals and in humans. The canine form, even if cited by some authors, has never been documented. This report describes for the first time a case of notoedric mange in a dog.
In vitroactivity of an ear rinse containing tromethamine, EDTA, benzyl alcohol and 0.1% ketoconazole onMalasseziaorganisms from dogs with otitis externa
Authors: Cole Lynette K. , Luu Dao H. , Rajala‐Schultz Paivi J. , Meadows Cheyney , Torres Audrey H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate thein vitroactivity of an ear rinse containing tromethamine, EDTA, benzyl alcohol and 0.1% ketoconazole in purified water onMalasseziaorganisms from dogs with otitis externa.Malasseziaorganisms were collected from ear swab samples from the external ear canal of 19 dogs with otitis externa plus one control strain ofMalassezia pachydermatis. Three test solutions were evaluated: ER (EDTA, tromethamine, benzyl alcohol), ER + keto (EDTA, tromethamine, benzyl alcohol, ketoconazole), and H2O (purified water). Ten‐millilitre aliquots of each test solution was transferred into 20 tubes and inoculated with one of the isolates (1 tube per isolate: 19 clinical and 1 control strain). Samples were retrieved from each tube at five time points (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min), transferred to Petri dishes, mixed with Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5% Tween 80 and incubated. Following incubation, the plates were examined for growth and colonies counted as colony‐forming units per millilitre. The data were analysed using a repeated measures analysis, with pair‐wise comparisons of solution–time combinations. There was a significant reduction inMalasseziagrowth in ER + keto at all time points (P < 0.0001) compared to time zero. Neither ER nor H2O had any effect on the growth ofMalassezia.ER + keto was significantly more effective in reducingMalasseziagrowth (P < 0.0001) at all time points compared to both ER and H2O. ER + keto may be useful in the treatment ofMalasseziaotitis externa. Future studies should be performed to evaluate thein vivoefficacy of ER + keto as treatment for otic infections caused byMalassezia.
Decision‐making about mode of delivery after previous caesarean section: development and piloting of two computer‐based decision aids
Authors: Emmett Clare L. , Murphy Deirdre J. , Patel Roshni R. , Fahey Tom , Jones Claire , Ricketts Ian W. , Gregor Peter , Macleod Maureen , Montgomery Alan A. ,   On behalf of the DiAMOND Study Group
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective  To develop and pilot two computer‐based decision aids to assist women with decision‐making about mode of delivery after a previous caesarean section (CS), which could then be evaluated in a randomized‐controlled trial.Background  Women with a previous CS are faced with a decision between repeat elective CS and vaginal birth after caesarean. Research has shown that women may benefit from access to comprehensive information about the risks and benefits of the delivery options.Design  A qualitative pilot study of two novel decision aids, an information program and a decision analysis program, which were developed by a multidisciplinary research team.Participants and setting  15 women who had recently given birth and had previously had a CS and 11 pregnant women with a previous CS, recruited from two UK hospitals. Women were interviewed and observed using the decision aids.Results  Participants found both decision aids useful and informative. Most liked the computer‐based format. Participants found the utility assessment of the decision analysis program acceptable although some had difficulty completing the tasks required. Following the pilot study improvements were made to expand the program content, the decision analysis program was accompanied by a training session and a website version of the information program was developed to allow repeat access.Conclusions  This pilot study was an essential step in the design of the decision aids and in establishing their acceptability and feasibility. In general, participating women viewed the decision aids as a welcome addition to routine antenatal care. A randomized trial has been conducted to establish the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of the decision aids.
Significance of microvascular thrombosis in renal allografts: role of ex vivo thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Nghiem Dai D , Olson Peter R. , Sureshkumar Kalathil K. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract:  Background:  Microvascular thrombosis is an uncommon pathologic finding in cadaveric kidneys. It is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation most frequently associated with head injuries and massive blood transfusions. The high rate of non‐function published in the literature portends an ominous significance for transplanted organs, which have been discarded by many transplant centers.Methods:  In this report, we document the effectiveness of ex vivo thrombolytic therapy with activase®, a plasminogen activator, injected intra‐arterially in 12 kidneys with extensive histologic intraglomerular microvascular thrombosis prior to transplantation. All cold stored cadaveric kidneys were flushed for 50 min with 50 mg of activase® diluted in University of Wisconsin solution. Pre‐flush and post‐flush wedge biopsies were performed on the allografts.Results:  All biopsies showed complete resolution of the intraglomerular microthrombi following activase® flush. One kidney clotted in the third week. Three patients developed delayed graft function (25%) of which one experienced allograft thrombosis following one month after transplantation. All remaining grafts are still functioning at a mean follow up of 55.1 months (range: 23–71) with a mean serum creatinine of 1.8 mg/dL (range: 0.8–2.5).Conclusions:  Back table flush with activase® rapidly lyses severe intraglomerular microthrombi making them successfully transplantable. Pre‐treatment with activase seems to be an effective therapeutic intervention for kidneys with massive intraglomerular thrombosis.
RANTES/CCL5 polymorphisms as a risk factor for recurrent acute rejection
Authors: Krüger Bernd , Böger Carsten A. , Obed Aiman , Farkas Stefan , Hoffmann Ute , Banas Bernhard , Fischereder Michael , Krämer Bernhard K. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract:  Background:  The chemokine system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute rejection or atherosclerosis. Three polymorphisms in the promoter region of the chemokine RANTES (−403G/A, −28G/C, In1.1T/C) are associated with a different expression of this chemokine as well as the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we investigated the impact of these three polymorphisms on the outcome after renal transplantation.Methods:  In 261 patients receiving their first kidney transplant, we genotyped the RANTES promoter polymorphisms (−403G/A, −28G/C, In1.1T/C) by real‐time PCR.Results:  For the RANTES −403G/A and for the intronic polymorphism In1.1T/C, we found a significantly higher rate of recurrent acute rejection episodes (−403G/A: 11.1 vs. 31.0%, In1.1T/C: 11.8 vs. 33.0%). For the overall rate of acute rejection, we observed no significant differences according to the RANTES promoter polymorphisms. The other tested variables (DGF, graft survival, renal function) were not associated with one of the three polymorphisms.Conclusion:  Our data indicate a relevant role of RANTES in kidney transplantation, particularly for the occurrence of recurrent acute rejection. To clarify the role of the analysed polymorphisms for long‐term survival, especially for the occurrence of cardiovascular events, larger studies in the future are needed.
Colorectal cancer prevention: choosing the most effective population strategy using bio‐mathematical approaches
Authors: Renehan A. G. , Luebeck G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractColorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer‐related death globally, though in theory at least, it is eminently preventable in many cases. Preventive strategies are either primary or secondary, but for population strategists, choosing the ‘best’ approach is not straightforward. Here, we summarize the potential role of bio‐mathematical modelling, specifically focusing on a model that combines known details of crypt cell kinetics with stochastic models of cell birth and death processes. Examples are discussed of the potential population effects of an agent that modulates cell kinetics, such as aspirin, vs one that merely reduces mutational rates.
The association between referral source and stage of disease in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Bevis P. M. , Donaldson O. W. , Card M. , Durdey P. , Thomas M. G. , Sylvester P. A. , Longman R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective  The colorectal fast track (FT) referral system was set up to ensure patients with suspected cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) received prompt access to specialized services. The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between referral source and the time it took to be seen by a colorectal surgeon to establish whether referral source had any association with the stage of disease at presentation in patients with CRC.Method  Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed CRC presenting between October 2002 and September 2004 were identified retrospectively. Mode of presentation, symptoms, treatment and histopathology data were analysed.Results  Data for 193 patients were analysed. Ninety seven patients (50%) presented via the FT system, 43 (22.5%) from nonfast track outpatient sources (NFT) and 53 (27.5%) as emergencies. NFT patients took significantly longer to be seen by a colorectal specialist than FT patients (median 69 vs 31 days; P < 0.001) and to initiation of treatment (median 57.5 vs 42.5 days; P = 0.001). Overall 152 patients (79%) presented with symptoms that met the FT criteria. A significantly lower number of NFT (P = 0.001) and emergency patients (P < 0.001) presented with FT symptoms compared with patients referred through the FT system. There was no significant difference between referral groups in patients undergoing surgery with potentially curative intent or stage of disease.Conclusion  Nonfast track referral leads to a significant delay in being seen by a specialist and in initiation of treatment but no association with more advanced stage of disease or a reduction in potentially curative surgery was found.
Extending the horizons of restorative rectal surgery: intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer
Authors: Tilney H. S. , Tekkis P. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective  Radical resection of tumours of the distal rectum has generally entailed an abdominoperineal excision, but the recognition of shorter safe distal resection margins, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and the application of the technique of intersphincteric resection (ISR) have led to the prospect of restorative surgery for patients with distally situated tumours. The present study examines the indications, techniques and outcomes following ISR.Method  A literature search was performed to identify studies reporting outcomes following ISR for low rectal cancer. The outcomes of interest included short‐term adverse events, functional and manometric results, postoperative quality of life and oncologic outcomes.Results  Twenty‐one studies reflecting the experience of 13 units and 612 patients were included. Operative mortality following ISR was 1.6% (inter‐unit range 0–5%) and anastomotic leak rate 10.5% (inter‐unit range 0–48.4%). The pooled rate of local recurrence was 9.5% (range 0–31% between units) with an average 5‐year survival of 81.5%. Most studies recorded a significant reduction in resting anal pressure but not squeeze pressure following surgery, but urgency was reported in up to 58.8% of patients. Functional outcomes and quality of life may be improved using colonic j‐pouch reconstruction. The use of chemoradiotherapy can offer benefits in terms of oncologic result, but at the cost of worse functional outcomes.Conclusion  Careful case selection and counselling is required if satisfactory results are to be achieved following ISR for low rectal cancers. In selected patients, however, the technique offers sphincter preserving surgery with acceptable oncologic and functional results.
The Expression of Wonderment
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, I consider certain remarks raised by Wittgenstein in his Lecture on Ethics in connection with the effability of absolute value. My focus is on the expressions we use to talk about the experience of wonderment at the existence of the world, which he dismisses as nonsensical owing to the way they deviate from the conditions of ordinary usage (specifically, to wonder at something, one must be able to imagine its contrary). I suggest that the concept of imagination that Wittgenstein invokes cannot carry great weight as a ground for judging utterances of wonderment to be nonsense. Yet this does not seem to give one a wholly adequate defence of their sense, and I explore whether or not an invocation of the religious form of life can provide a solution, considering some of the special difficulties that this range of utterances presents within the context of questions about how the identity of separate language‐games (especially the religious) affects the sense of words.
Kripke's Second Paragraph of Philosophical Investigations 201
Authors: Weir Samuel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe received view of Kripke's Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language is that it fails as an interpretation because, inter alia, it ignores or overlooks what Wittgenstein has to say in the second paragraph of Philosophical Investigations (PI) 201. In this paper, I demonstrate that the paragraph in question is in fact fully accommodated within Kripke's reading, and cannot therefore be reasonably utilised to object to it.In part one I characterise the objection; in part two I explain why it fails; in part three I suggest why commentators might have been motivated to offer it; and in part four I claim that two commentators who have offered it also imply otherwise.
Quality of life and depression among HIV‐infected patients receiving efavirenz‐ or protease inhibitor‐based therapy in Senegal
Authors: Poupard M , Ngom Gueye NF , Thiam D , Ndiaye B , Girard PM , Delaporte E , Sow PS , Landman R 
Published: March 2007

BackgroundEfavirenz has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, but little is known about depression and quality of life in sub‐Saharan Africa, where nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based regimens are still the first‐line treatment recommended by the World Heath Organization (WHO) and are widely prescribed.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, we evaluated quality of life and depression among Senegalese patients receiving efavirenz‐ or protease inhibitor (PI)‐based regimens. Two hundred consecutive patients who had been taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for more than 6 months were asked to complete a questionnaire.ResultsAccording to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), 18% had depression (19% for patients on a PI‐based regimen and 17% for patients on efavirenz‐based treatment). Fifty‐nine per cent of the patients reported no health problems in the past 4 weeks. A quarter of patients had sleep disorders. Moderate or slight adverse events were reported by 28.5% of patients.ConclusionsQuality of life and depression scores remained good in both study groups. However, quality of life and depression should be monitored in follow‐up of HIV‐infected patients in sub‐Saharan Africa.