bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological analysis of the mormyrid cerebellum using immunohistochemistry, with emphasis on the unusual neuronal organization of the valvula
Authors: Meek Johannes , Yang Jianji Y. , Han Victor Z. , Bell Curtis C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study used immunohistochemistry, Golgi impregnation, and electron microscopy to examine the circuitry of the cerebellum of mormyrid fish. We used antibodies against the following antigens: the neurotransmitters glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA); the GABA‐synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD); GABA transporter 1; the anchoring protein for GABA and glycine receptors, gephyrin; the calcium binding proteins calbindin and calretinin; the NR1 subunit of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate glutamate receptor; the metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1α and mGluR2/3; the intracellular signaling molecules calcineurin and calcium calmodulin kinase IIα (CAMKIIα); and the receptor for inositol triphosphate (IP3RIα). Purkinje cells are immunoreactive to anti‐IP3R1α, anticalcineurin, and anti‐mGluR1α. Cerebellar efferent cells (eurydendroid cells) are anticalretinin and anti‐NR1 positive in the valvula but not in the corpus and caudal lobe. In contrast, climbing fibers are anticalretinin and anti‐NR1 immunopositive in the corpus and caudal lobe but not in the valvula. Purkinje cells, Golgi cells, and stellate cells are GABA positive, whereas efferent cells are glutamate positive. Unipolar brush cells are immunoreactive to anti‐mGluR2/3, anticalretinin, and anticalbindin. We describe a “new” cell type in the mormyrid valvula, the deep stellate cell. These cells are GABA, calretinin, and calbindin positive. They are different from superficial stellate cells in having myelinated axons that terminate massively with GAD‐ and gephyrin‐positive terminals on the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of efferent cells. We discuss how the valvula specializations described here may act in concert with the palisade pattern of Purkinje cell dendrites for analyzing spatiotemporal patterns of parallel fiber activity. J. Comp. Neurol. 510:396–421, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the Benzene–Naphthalene and Naphthalene–Naphthalene Potential Energy Surfaces: DFT/CCSD(T) Correction Scheme
Authors: Rubeš Miroslav , Bludský Ota , Nachtigall Petr 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe potential energy surfaces of the naphthalene dimer and benzene–naphthalene complexes are investigated using the recently developed DFT/CCSD(T) correction scheme [J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 128, 114 102]. One and three minima are located on the PES of the benzene–naphthalene and the naphthalene dimer complexes, respectively, all of which are of the parallel‐displaced type. The stabilities of benzene–naphthalene and the naphthalene dimer are −4.2 and −6.2 kcal mol−1, respectively. Unlike the benzene dimer, where the T‐shaped complex is the global minimum, the lowest‐energy T‐shaped structure is about 0.2 and 1.6 kcal mol−1 above the global minimum on the benzene–naphthalene and the naphthalene dimer potential energy surfaces, respectively.
Indirect photometric detection of anions in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis employing Orange G as probe and a light‐emitting diode‐based detector
Authors: Blanco Heras Gustavo A. , Breadmore Michael C. , Johns Cameron , Hutchinson Joseph P. , Hilder Emily F. , López‐Mahía Purificación , Haddad Paul R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA method based on indirect photometric detection (IPD) in CE employing a blue LED (473 nm) as a light source and the highly absorbing (478 nm) anionic dye, Orange G, as the probe ion was developed for the sensitive analysis of inorganic and organic anions. The use of nonaqueous solvents was examined as a simple way to reduce the adsorption of the dye onto the capillary wall and to thereby improve the baseline stability. The benefits of this approach were confirmed by experiments using BGEs in methanol (MeOH) and DMSO in which superior baselines were obtained relative to those achieved using aqueous electrolyte systems. A range of commercial LEDs was tested to improve the detection performance, with a difference of 25% in sensitivity being observed between the best and worst performing LED. The final system (4 mM Orange G, 0.05% w/v hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), 20 mM triethanolamine (TEA) in pure MeOH) exhibited stable baselines and very low LODs (0.10–0.18 μM) for a test mixture comprising nine inorganic and organic anions. These values represent a two‐ to six‐fold improvement over previous studies and the proposed method provides the most sensitive IPD method for the determination of anions using CE published to date. RSDs for ten replicates were in the ranges of 0.42–0.62% for migration time, 1.41–3.46% for peak area and 3.20–5.78% for peak height.
The noncoding RNA, miR‐126, suppresses the growth of neoplastic cells by targeting phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase signaling and is frequently lost in colon cancers
Authors: Guo Chunguang , Sah Jerome F. , Beard Lydia , Willson James K. V. , Markowitz Sanford D. , Guda Kishore 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNA/miR) are a class of small noncoding RNAs implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies. In the current study, using micro(RNA) arrays, we found a ubiquitous loss of miR‐126 expression in colon cancer lines when compared to normal human colon epithelia. Reconstitution of miR‐126 in colon cancer cells resulted in a significant growth reduction as evidenced in clonogenic assays. A search for miR‐126 gene targets revealed p85β, a regulatory subunit involved in stabilizing and propagating the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) signal, as one of the potential substrates. Restoration of miR‐126 in cancer cells induced a ≥3‐fold reduction in p85β protein levels, with no concomitant change in p85α, a gene that is functionally related to p85β but not a supposed target of miR‐126. Additionally, using reporter constructs, we show that the p85β‐3′ untranslated region is directly targeted by miR‐126. Furthermore, this miR‐126 mediated reduction of p85β was accompanied by a substantial reduction in phosphorylated AKT levels in the cancer cells, suggesting an impairment in PI3K signaling. Finally, in a panel of matched normal colon and primary colon tumors, each of the tumors demonstrated miR‐126 down‐regulation together with an increase in the p85β protein level. Taken together, we propose that miR‐126 regulates PI3K signaling partly by targeting p85β, and that the loss of miR‐126 may provide a selective growth advantage during colon carcinogenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide linkage scan in Dutch hereditary non‐BRCA1/2 breast cancer families identifies 9q21‐22 as a putative breast cancer susceptibility locus
Authors: Oldenburg Rogier A. , Kroeze‐Jansema Karin H. G. , Houwing‐Duistermaat Jeanine J. , Bayley Jean‐Pierre , Dambrot Cheryl , van Asperen Christi J. , van den Ouweland Ans M. W. , Bakker Bert , van Beers Erik H. , Nederlof Petra M. , Vasen Hans , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Cornelisse Cees J. , Meijers‐Heijboer Hanne , Devilee Peter 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBreast cancer accounts for over 20% of all female cancers. A positive family history remains one of the most important risk factors for the disease, with first‐degree relatives of patients having a twofold elevated risk. Known breast cancer susceptibility genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 explain only 20–25% of this risk, suggesting the existence of other breast cancer susceptibility genes. Here, we report the results of a genome‐wide linkage scan in 55 high‐risk Dutch breast cancer families with no mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Twenty‐two of these families were also part of a previous linkage study by the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. In addition, we performed CGH analyses in 61 tumors of these families and 31 sporadic tumors. Three regions were identified with parametric HLOD scores >1, and three with nonparametric LOD scores >1.5. Upon further marker genotyping for the candidate loci, and the addition of another 30 families to the analysis, only the locus on chromosome 9 (9q21‐22, marker D9S167) remained significant, with a nonparametric multipoint LOD score of 3.96 (parametric HLOD 0.56, α = 0.18). With CGH analyses we observed preferential copy number loss at BAC RP11‐276H19, containing D9S167 in familial tumors as compared to sporadic tumors (P < 0.001). Five candidate genes were selected from the region around D9S167 and their coding regions subjected to direct sequence analysis in 16 probands. No clear pathogenic mutations were found in any of these genes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide copy number alterations detection in fresh frozen and matched FFPE samples using SNP 6.0 arrays
Authors: Tuefferd Marianne , De Bondt An , Van Den Wyngaert Ilse , Talloen Willem , Verbeke Tobias , Carvalho Benilton , Clevert Djork‐Arne , Alifano Marco , Raghavan Nandini , Amaratunga Dhammika , Göhlmann Hinrich , Broët Philippe , Camilleri‐Broët Sophie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSNP arrays offer the opportunity to get a genome‐wide view on copy number alterations and are increasingly used in oncology. DNA from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded material (FFPE) is partially degraded which limits the application of those technologies for retrospective studies. We present the use of Affymetrix GeneChip SNP6.0 for identification of copy number alterations in fresh frozen (FF) and matched FFPE samples. Fifteen pairs of adenocarcinomas with both frozen and FFPE embedded material were analyzed. We present an optimization of the sample preparation and show the importance of correcting the measured intensities for fragment length and GC‐content when using FFPE samples. The absence of GC content correction results in a chromosome specific “wave pattern” which may lead to the misclassification of genomic regions as being altered. The highest concordance between FFPE and matched FF were found in samples with the highest call rates. Nineteen of the 23 high level amplifications (83%) seen using FF samples were also detected in the corresponding FFPE material. For limiting the rate of “false positive” alterations, we have chosen a conservative False Discovery Rate (FDR). We observed better results using SNP probes than CNV probes for copy number analysis of FFPE material. This is the first report on the detection of copy number alterations in FFPE samples using Affymetrix GeneChip SNP6.0. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allelic methylation bias of the RARB2 tumor suppressor gene promoter in cancer
Authors: Pappas Jane J. , Toulouse André , Hébert Josée , Fetni Raouf , Bradley W. E. C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRetinoic acid receptor B2 (RARB2) is frequently inactivated in cancer. Methylation in the 5′‐untranslated region and first exon is known to play a role; however, few studies have analyzed the detailed methylation pattern of the promoter region. We show that hypo‐ and hypermethylated alleles coexist in 5/11 cell lines in which RARB2 is inactivated. We present evidence supporting the mitotic transmission of these divergent methylation patterns and find a correlation between methylation divergence and heterozygosity at the 3p24 loci, suggesting an allelic methylation bias in these lines. Using a newly devised strategy based on allelic identification via methylation‐sensitive restriction enzyme digestion combined with the use of a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs755661, we demonstrate that such a bias exists in three cancer cell specimens heterozygous at rs755661 and therefore amenable to this study. This previously unreported phenomenon of allelic methylation bias suggests that a promoter methylation‐independent mechanism may be responsible for inactivation at the hypomethylated allele and this inactivation is reminiscent of an aberrant form of de novo imprinting. Approaches to interpreting methylation data should incorporate the notion of allelic methylation bias. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rationalising the ‘irrational’: a think aloud study of discrete choice experiment responses
Authors: Ryan Mandy , Watson Verity , Entwistle Vikki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractStated preference methods assume respondents' preferences are consistent with utility theory, but many empirical studies report evidence of preferences that violate utility theory. This evidence is often derived from quantitative tests that occur naturally within, or are added to, stated preference tasks. In this study, we use qualitative methods to explore three axioms of utility theory: completeness, monotonicity, and continuity. We take a novel approach, adopting a ‘think aloud’ technique to identify violations of the axioms of utility theory and to consider how well the quantitative tests incorporated within a discrete choice experiment are able to detect these. Results indicate that quantitative tests classify respondents as being ‘irrational’ when qualitative statements would indicate they are ‘rational’. In particular, ‘non‐monotonic’ responses can often be explained by respondents inferring additional information beyond what is presented in the task, and individuals who appear to adopt non‐compensatory decision‐making strategies do so because they rate particular attributes very highly (they are not attempting to simplify the task). The results also provide evidence of ‘cost‐based responses’: respondents assumed tests with higher costs would be of higher quality. The value of including in‐depth qualitative validation techniques in the development of stated preference tasks is shown. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two New 2‐Phenylethyl Alcohol Derivatives and One New Lignan Derivative from the Root of Ilex pubescens
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Bo , Wang Jin‐Hui , Li Xiang‐Mei , Chun Fu Xiao , Yan Zhen , Cong Yue , Li Xian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the root of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. furnished six compounds including three new compounds, ilexin A (1), ilexin B (2), and ilexin C (3), besides vanillic acid, vanillin, and caffeic acid. Compounds 1 and 2 were identified as 2‐phenylethyl alcohol derivatives, while compound 3 is a lignan derivative. The structures of these compounds have been elucidated by the combination of the analysis of NMR and MS data, CD spectra, and chemical evidences.
Phenylpropanoid Esters of Rhamnose from Buddleja asiatica
Authors: Liu Ya‐Ping , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Li Wei‐Qi , Luo Xiao‐Dong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFour new phenylpropanoid esters of rhamnose, asiatisides A–D, along with the known compounds, buergeriside C1 (5), p‐methoxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and O‐methylferulic acid were obtained from the aerial parts of Buddleja asiatica Lour by chromatographic methods. The new compounds were elucidated as 3‐O‐acetyl‐4‐O‐(p‐methoxycinnamoyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranose (1), 3‐O‐acetyl‐4‐O‐feruloyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranose (2), 2‐O‐acetyl‐4‐O‐(O‐methylferuloyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranose (3), 2‐O‐acetyl‐4‐O‐(p‐methoxycinnamoyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranose (4) by spectral data (1D‐, 2D‐NMR, and MS), respectively.
Five New Flavonol Glycosides from the Fresh Flowers of Camellia reticulata
Authors: Teng Xi‐Feng , Yang Jia‐Yue , Yang Chong‐Ren , Zhang Ying‐Jun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThirty‐one phenolic constituents, including 13 flavonol glycosides, 3 dihydroflavonols, 5 flavan‐3‐ols, 4 hydrolyzable tannins, and 6 phenylpropanoids, were isolated from the fresh flowers of Camellia reticulata for the first time. Five of them are new flavonol glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses.
Treatment of pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Karajannis Matthias , Allen Jeffrey C. , Newcomb Elizabeth W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOver the past decades considerable advances have been made in neurosurgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy resulting in improved survival and cure rates for children with brain tumors. Here we review four of the most common subtypes of pediatric brain tumors, low‐grade and high‐grade astrocytomas, medulloblastomas and ependymomas, highlighting their molecular features regarding their tumor biology, and promising potential therapeutic targets that may hold promise for finding new “molecular targeted” drugs. Importantly, appropriate clinical trial design will play a critical role in the evaluation of new and novel treatment approaches for pediatric brain tumors. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 584–589, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrast‐enhanced sonography of a hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing spontaneous necrosis
Authors: Giannetti Andrea , Corsetti Marco , Quaranta Sergio , Franci Luca 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSpontaneous necrosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. We report the case of a 72‐year‐old woman with an HCC nodule that underwent necrosis after sonographically guided needle biopsy. Baseline sonographic examination revealed only a nonspecific change in the echogenicity of the lesion. Subsequent necrosis was suggested on contrast‐enhanced sonographic examination and was confirmed on spiral CT. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
The role of prolactin in the regulation of brood care in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher
Authors: Bender Nicole , Taborsky Michael , Power Deborah M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe hormone prolactin (PRL) is important for the regulation of parental care in many species of mammals, birds and fish, and for alloparental care (care directed at nondescendant young) in some mammals and birds. Its significance in alloparental brood care of cooperatively breeding fish has not yet been assessed. Here, we test the role of PRL in brood care behavior of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher. The expression of PRL mRNA was determined in the pituitary glands of breeders of both sexes, helpers that showed brood care behavior and nonbreeding fish as controls. In addition, PRL levels were experimentally manipulated in male breeders and helpers by intraperitoneal injections of ovine PRL, and the behavior of these test fish was recorded toward standardized clutches. Adult females had higher levels of PRL mRNA than adult males, which was true both for breeders and nonbreeders. Contrary to expectation, there was no positive correlation between PRL and brood care behavior in any category of test fish, and the experimental application of PRL did not change brood care propensity. Interestingly, brood‐caring adult females had significantly lower levels of PRL mRNA than adult female nonbreeders, whereas there was no difference between helpers and similar‐sized nonbreeding group members. PRL mRNA levels increased with body mass in juveniles, but decreased with body mass in adults. In conclusion, we found no evidence that elevated levels of PRL are directly involved in the regulation of brood care behavior in this species. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:515–524, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pleasure working together? The effects of dissimilarity in team member conscientiousness on team temporal processes and individual satisfaction
Authors: Gevers Josette M. P. , A. G. Peeters Miranda 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study of 43 student project teams, we tested a multi‐level mediation model of the relationship between dissimilarity in conscientiousness, team temporal processes, and team member satisfaction. We distinguished between individual‐level dissimilarity in conscientiousness (i.e., the distance between an individual member and his or her team mates), and team‐level dissimilarity in conscientiousness (i.e., the overall dissimilarity within the team). Individual‐level dissimilarity in conscientiousness had a direct negative effect on team members' satisfaction with the team, but did not affect their satisfaction with the team's performance. Team‐level dissimilarity in conscientiousness indirectly affected both types of satisfaction negatively as it impeded early agreement about the temporal aspects of task execution, which, in turn, hindered coordinated action in later stages of team task execution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and Properties of Urea‐Crosslinked Star Poly[(ethylene oxide)‐ran‐(propylene oxide)] Hydrogels
Authors: Dalton Paul D. , Hostert Carolin , Albrecht Krystyna , Moeller Martin , Groll Juergen 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIsocyanate‐terminated six armed star shaped macromers with a statistical copolymer backbone consisting of 80% EO and 20% PO have previously demonstrated excellent protein and cell repellence as nano‐layered surfaces. In this study, various macromers are mixed with water and provide a spectrum of materials that range from particles to uniform hydrogels. Due to hydrophobic end groups, 3kDa molecular weight macromers result in micro and nano‐particles, while 18 kDa macromers completely dissolve and consequently uniform, transparent, high water content hydrogels are formed. Oriented channels may be induced into these hydrogels through the controlled freezing of water in the preformed hydrogel.magnified image
Chiroptical Switching Based on Photoinduced Proton Transfer between Homopolymers Bearing Side‐Chain Spiropyran and Azopyridine Moieties
Authors: Angiolini Luigi , Benelli Tiziana , Giorgini Loris , Raymo Françisco M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA novel optically‐active polymeric methacrylate, bearing the (S)‐3‐hydroxy pyrrolidinyl group linked through the nitrogen atom to an azopyridine chromophore, was synthesized and investigated in combination with a polymeric methacrylate incorporating the photoisomerizable spiropyran chromophore in the side‐chain. In the presence of acid, this system can be operated in solution to modulate the protonation of the azopyridine moieties by photoisomerizing the spiropyran component. In addition to UV‐vis spectroscopy, the proton transfer process occurring between the macromolecular components can be also followed by CD spectroscopy, thus behaving as a chiroptical switch.magnified image
A Novel ABC Triblock Copolymer with Very Low Surface Energy: Poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐block‐Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐Poly(2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluorobutyl methacrylate)
Authors: Luo Zhenghong , He Tengyun , Yu Haijiang , Dai Lizong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPoly(dimethylsiloxane)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluorobutyl methacrylate) was successfully synthesized via ATRP. The chemical composition and structure of the copolymer was characterized by NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy and molecular weight measurement. Gel permeation chromatography was used to study the molecular weight distribution of the triblock copolymer. The surface properties of the resulting copolymer were investigated. The effects of fluorine content and bulk structure on surface energy were investigated by static water contact angle measurements. Surface composition was studied by XPS.magnified image