bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palaeozoic accretion of Gondwana-derived terranes to the East European Craton: recognition of detached terrane fragments dispersed after collision with promontories
Authors: Winchester J. A. , Pharaoh T. C. , Verniers J. , Ioane D. , Seghedi A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Recent work in Central Europe, combined with emerging information about basement massifs in SE Europe and NW Turkey, permits a new look at the relationships between crustal blocks abutting the East European Craton (EEC) along the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ). The simplest model indicates that the end-Cambrian establishment of the Bruno-Silesian, Lysogory and Malopolska terranes close to their present location on the SW margin of the EEC formed a major promontory on this margin of the continent. Moesia may also have formed part of this block. Both late Ordovician accretion of Avalonia and early Carboniferous accretion of the Armorican Terrane Assemblage (ATA) attached new continental material around the Bruno-Silesian Promontory (BSP). Palaeozoic faunal affinities and inherited isotopic signatures similar to those of Avalonia seen in the Istanbul block of NW Turkey, and in minor thrust slices in Moravia and Romania, suggest that easternmost Avalonia was severed, on collision with the BSP, and migrated east along the southern margin of the EEC. Likewise, the similarities to the ATA of the Balkan, Istranca, Sakarya and eastern Pontides blocks suggests that more easterly components of the ATA were detached at the BSP and migrated east. All the newly accreted blocks contain similar Neoproterozoic basement indicating a peri-Gondwanan origin; Palaeozoic plume-influenced metabasite geochemistry in the Bohemian Massif may explain their progressive separation from Gondwana before their accretion to the EEC. Inherited ages from Avalonia contain a 1.5 Ga 'Rondonian' component arguing for proximity to the Amazonian Craton at the end of the Neoproterozoic; Armorican terranes lack such a component, suggesting that they have closer affinities with the West African Craton. Models showing the former locations of these terranes and the larger continents from which they rifted, or later became attached to, must conform to both these constraints and those provided by palaeomagnetic data. In the late Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic, these smaller terranes, some containing Neoproterozoic ophiolitic marginal basin and magmatic arc remnants, probably fringed the end-Proterozoic supercontinent as part of a 'Pacific-type' margin. When this margin fragmented, most resulting fragments accreted to the EEC.
Transpressional collision tectonics and mantle plume dynamics: the Variscides of southwestern Iberia
Authors: Simancas J. F. , Carbonell R. , González Lodeiro F. , Pérez Estaún A. , Juhlin C. , Ayarza P. , Kashubin A. , Azor A. , Martínez Poyatos D. , Sáez R. , Almodóvar G. R. , Pascual E. , Flecha I. , Martí D. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
In southwestern Iberia, three continental domains (the South Portuguese Zone (SPZ), Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ) and Central Iberian Zone (CIZ) collided in Devonian-Carboniferous time. The collision was transpressional, with left-lateral kinematics, and was interrupted by extensional tectonics during the earliest Carboniferous, when bimodal magmatism (with associated mineral deposits) and basin development were the dominant orogenic features. Transpression was renewed in Visean time, and persisted until the end of the Carboniferous. The IBERSEIS deep seismic reflection profile helps to define the 3D geometry of transpressional structures: out-of-section displacements concentrate in bands, which bound wedges of upper crust; this crustal wedging strongly modifies the geometry of the sutures between continental blocks. A mid-crustal strongly reflective thick band (the Iberseis Reflective Body, IRB) is interpreted as a huge body of basic rocks. The IRB magma trapped in the middle crust was linked to the Early Carboniferous mantle-derived magmatism that crops out in the SPZ, OMZ and CIZ. Magmatism at the surface and trapped in the crust, high thermal gradients and basin development reflect a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle, influencing both the thermal and the stress state of the orogen at that time. A mantle plume is inferred to have existed in the Early Carboniferous, the transpressional tectonic regime dominating again after its decay.
Tectonic processes in the Southern and Middle Urals: an overview
Authors: Brown D. , Puchkov V. , Alvarez-Marron J. , Bea F. , Perez-Estaún A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The tectonic evolution of the Uralide orogen began during the Late Palaeozoic as the continental margin of Baltica entered an east-dipping (today's coordinates) subduction zone beneath the Magnitogorsk and Tagil island arcs. The subsequent arc-continent collision resulted in the development and emplacement of an accretionary complex over the continental margin, the development and deformation of a foreland basin, and the extrusion of high-pressure rocks along the arc-continent suture. There is mounting evidence that, at about the same time as arc-continent collision was occurring along this margin of Baltica, eastward-directed subcontinental subduction of the Uralian oceanic crust was also taking place beneath the Kazakhstan plate. This subcontinental subduction is thought to have resulted in the formation of a continental volcanic arc. The final closure of the Uralian ocean basin and the start of collision between the Baltica and Kazakhstan plates occurred during the Late Carboniferous. This continent-continent collision resulted in development of the Late Carboniferous to Early Triassic western foreland fold and thrust belt and foreland basin of the Uralides. The foreland fold and thrust belt displays a large amount of basement involvement, extensive reactivation of pre-existing faults, and a small amount of shortening. At the same time, widespread strike-slip faulting accompanied by melt generation and granitoid emplacement took place in the interior part of the Uralides, leading to the transfer of material laterally along the strike of the orogen. The final crustal structure of the Uralides that resulted from the combination of all of these tectonic events is bivergent, with a crustal root reaching c. 53 km depth.
The Timanide, Caledonide and Uralide orogens in the Eurasian high Arctic, and relationships to the palaeo-continents Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia
Authors: Gee D. G. , Bogolepova O. K. , Lorenz H. 
Published: July 2007

abstract
Recent studies of structure, stratigraphy and isotope geochronology on Svalbard and East Greenland have provided a foundation for reconstructing the Laurentian margin of the Arctic segment of the North Atlantic Caledonides. The axial zone of the high Arctic, Barentsian Caledonides has been inferred to trend northwards through the Barents Shelf to the northern edge of the Eurasian margin between Kvitøya (easternmost Svalbard) and western Franz Josef Land, based on analysis of drill-cores that sampled the pre-Carboniferous basement beneath Alexandra Island. The deformation front of the Barentsian Caledonides has been inferred to trend northeastwards between Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. The North Kara Terrane, reaching from Severnaya Zemlya (SZ) and northernmost Taimyr in the east to northern Novaya Zemlya in the west, comprises the northernmost foreland to the Barentsian orogen. Four lines of independent evidence are presented here demonstrating that the North Kara Terrane is a direct northerly continuation of the Timanide domain, the latter composing the Neoproterozoic accreted margin of Baltica in the Timan-Pechora-Urals region. These lines of evidence, all from October Revolution Island (SZ), include: (1) a westerly source for Old Red Sandstones successions, with 'Caledonian' fish fauna and detrital muscovites yielding Ar/Ar ages of c. 450 Ma; (2) Ordovician igneous rocks containing c. 550 Ma xenocrysts; (3) Cambrian turbidites with c. 545 Ma detrital muscovites; (4) Cambro-Silurian fauna with many species shared with Baltica. In addition, the Neoproterozoic turbidites of northern Taimyr have been previously reported to contain c. 560 Ma zircon populations, a signature that has been recently found in similar lithologies from Bol'shevik Island (SZ). All these late Vendian ages are characteristic of the Timanide Orogen of the Timan-Pechora-Novaya Zemlya region and, together, indicate that the North Kara Terrane was not an independent 'plate' or 'microcontinent' in the Palaeozoic, as previously proposed, but an essential part of southernmost (Ordovician coordinates) Baltica. Comparability of the evolution of the Timanian margin of the North Kara Terrane with the contemporaneous Baikalian evolution of adjacent Taimyr, together with the lack of evidence of Palaeozoic oceanic rocks and Uralian collisional, high-pressure metamorphic assemblages in Taimyr, suggests that the palaeocontinents Siberia and Baltica were never separated by a major ocean in the high Arctic.
Crustal structure and tectonic model of northeastern Baltica, based on deep seismic and potential field data
Authors: Kostyuchenko S. , Sapozhnikov R. , Egorkin A. , Gee D. G. , Berzin R. , Solodilov L. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The Early-Mid-Palaeozoic successions of the Pechora Basin along continent Baltica's northeastern margin unconformably overlie Neoproterozoic complexes of the Timanide orogen; further west, Palaeozoic platform strata cover the East European Craton basement. The latter is exposed in the northern parts of the Fennoscandian (Baltic) Shield and is also present beneath the Neoproterozoic (perhaps also Mesoproterozoic) and younger successions of the Mezen Basin. Geophysical data help define the crustal and upper mantle structures of this part of northwestern Russia, from the Kola Peninsula to the Uralide orogen. Within the Shield, seismic refraction and near-vertical reflection profiling allow the terranes of Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic age, defined at the surface (the Murmansk, Kola-Liinakhamary, Central Kola, Keivy and Belomorian terranes, and the Pechenga-Imandra-Varzuga and Lapland-Kolvitsa Granulite Belts constituting the Lapland-Kola orogen, and the West Karelian, Central Karelian and Vodlozer terranes forming the Karelian province), to be traced into the deeper crust, promoting interpretation of various early Precambrian compressional and extensional regimes. Thrusting, transcurrent and extensional faulting have been identified in a crust that has been partly thickened during late Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic collision and locally extended both in back-arc basin settings and during syn-post-collisional collapse. The main Fennoscandian terranes can be traced southeastwards beneath the Mezen Basin based on gravity and magnetic data. Seismic profiling shows that the Phanerozoic successions of this basin overlie intracratonic rifts of Neoproterozoic and possibly Mesoproterozoic age. The rifts are composed of a number of half-graben, the details of which are well defined by vibroseis reflection profiling. During the development of Mezen Basin rifts, a Neoproterozoic passive margin was established in the vicinity of what is now the Timan Range. Late Neoproterozoic (Vendian) orogeny emplaced slope-rise turbidite-dominated successions southwestwards onto the platform. Towards the hinterland of the Timanides (also referred to as Baikalides), beneath the Phanerozoic Pechora Basin, a combination of potential field and seismic surveys, both shallow reflection and deep refraction profiling, have allowed analysis of the crust and uppermost mantle. Neoproterozoic magmatic arcs, Grenville-age(?) microcontinents and possible oceanic domains are inferred to exist beneath the early Palaeozoic unconformity. A vast region of Neoproterozoic accretion reaches from the western Urals, northwards beneath the Pechora Basin and the eastern Barents Shelf.
The Svecofennian orogen: a collage of microcontinents and island arcs
Authors: Korja Annakaisa , Lahtinen Raimo , Nironen Mikko 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Based on an integrated study of geological and geophysical data, a tectonic model for the Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Svecofennian orogen within the Fennoscandian Shield at the northwestern corner of the East European Craton is proposed. The Svecofennian orogen is suggested to have formed during five, partly overlapping, orogenies: Lapland-Savo, Lapland-Kola, Fennian, Nordic and Svecobaltic. The Svecofennian orogen evolved in four major stages, involving microcontinent accretion (1.92-1.88 Ga), large-scale extension of the accreted crust (1.87-1.84 Ga), continent-continent collision (1.87-1.79 Ga) and finally gravitational collapse (1.79 and 1.77 Ga). The stages partly overlapped in time and space, as different processes operated simultaneously in different parts of the plates. In the Lapland-Savo and Fennian orogenies, microcontinents (suspect terranes) and island arcs were accreted to the Karelian microcontinent, which itself was accreting to Laurentia in the Lapland-Kola orogeny. The formation of the Svecofennian orogen was finalized in two continental collisions producing the Nordic orogen in the west (Fennoscandia-Amazonia) and Svecobaltic orogen in the SSW (Fennoscandia- Sarmatia). The collisions were immediately followed by gravitational collapse.
The Lapland-Kola orogen: Palaeoproterozoic collision and accretion of the northern Fennoscandian lithosphere
Authors: Daly J. Stephen , Balagansky Victor V. , Timmerman Martin J. , Whitehouse Martin J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

A tectonic model is proposed for the Palaeoproterozoic Lapland-Kola orogen (LKO) in the northern Fennoscandian Shield. Although long regarded as an Archaean craton, integrated geological, geochemical and geophysical observations show that the Lapland-Kola orogen is a Palaeoproterozoic collisional belt containing both Archaean terranes and an important component of juvenile Palaeoproterozoic crust. Rifting, from 2.5 to 2.1 Ga, began under the influence of a mantle plume (> 1000 km diameter), related to the break-up of the Kenorland supercontinent. Two linear suture zones within the orogeriic core mark the sites of continental separation, ocean formation and closure. One of these is identified as a belt of 1.98-1.91 Ga juvenile crust of both arc magmatic and sedimentary origin, marked by the Lapland Granulite, Umba and Tersk terranes. Palaeomagnetic data and ancient sedimentary detritus within these terranes suggest limited oceanic separation. Collision of juvenile terranes with the surrounding Archaean took place mainly between 1.93 and 1.91 Ga, resulting in a Himalayan-scale mountain belt, manifest by a thick-skinned region of high-
P
granulite-facies metamorphism, including the classical Lapland Granulite Belt and a broad zone of compressional deformation extending southwards into the Belomorian Mobile Belt. Protracted cooling and exhumation, possibly related to the buttressing effect of surrounding lithosphere, culminated in the intrusion of 1.80-1.77 Ga post-tectonic granites.
The Archaean nucleus of the Fennoscandian (Baltic) Shield
Authors: Slabunov A. I. , Lobach-Zhuchenko S. B. , Bibikova E. V. , Sorjonen-Ward P. , Balangansky V. V. , Volodichev O. I. , Shchipansky A. A. , Svetov S. A. , Chekulaev V. P. , Arestova N. A. , Stepanov V. S. 
Published: July 2007

abstract
Archaean supracrustal complexes, known in the Fennoscandian (Baltic) Shield, are described and discussed by analysing the time sections 3.1-2.9, 2.9-2.75 and 2.75-2.65 Ga. Data on granitoid complexes, interrelated in time and space, and evidence for Archaean metamorphic events are classified and presented briefly. Fragments of ophiolitic and eclogitic associations have been found in Archaean rocks in the Shield. The first evidence of continental crust in the Shield is from Meso-Archaean time (3.5-3.1 Ga); isolated microcontinents, such as Vodlozero, lisalmi and North Finland, have been identified. New continental crust was mainly generated in the 2.9-2.65 Ga interval. The geodynamic settings in which the continental crust was formed in the Meso-and Neoarchaean included subduction (ensialic and ensimatic), accretion and collisional mechanisms. The continental and oceanic crust were affected by mantle plumes.
Psychological well‐being across 1 year with rheumatoid arthritis: Coping resources as buffers of perceived stress
Authors: Treharne Gareth J. , Lyons Antonia C. , Booth David A. , Kitas George D. 
Published: July 2007

Objectives. Using the transactional model of stress and coping, the present study investigated whether specific coping resources act as buffers of the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well‐being among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Design. A longitudinal observational study was carried out with assessments at baseline, 6 months and 1 year.Methods. Measures of perceived stress, coping resources (optimism/pessimism, social support and explicit active coping strategies) and psychological well‐being (anxiety, depression and life satisfaction) were completed by 134 RA patients. Demographics, RA duration, pain, fatigue, functional disability, antidepressant use and physical comorbidities were recorded and statistically controlled for.Results. Perceived stress had the strongest relationship with psychological well‐being at baseline, and affected anxiety after 6 months. Optimism and pessimism predicted psychological well‐being across 1 year. Active behavioural coping buffered an association of stress with depression at baseline, while baseline active cognitive coping buffered the effect of baseline stress on life satisfaction after 6 months.Conclusion. Patients with RA under greater perceived stress who do not use active coping strategies appear to be at risk of psychological comorbidity and may therefore benefit from interventions teaching specific active coping strategies. Larger observational studies and interventions are required to confirm and extend these findings.
Femoral Neck BMD Is a Strong Predictor of Hip Fracture Susceptibility in Elderly Men and Women Because It Detects Cortical Bone Instability: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Rivadeneira Fernando , Zillikens M Carola , De Laet Chris EDH , Hofman Albert , Uitterlinden André G , Beck Thomas J , Pols Huibert AP 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
We studied HSA measurements in relation to hip fracture risk in 4806 individuals (2740 women). Hip fractures (n = 147) occurred at the same absolute levels of bone instability in both sexes. Cortical instability (propensity of thinner cortices in wide diameters to buckle) explains why hip fracture risk at different BMD levels is the same across sexes.
Introduction: Despite the sexual dimorphism of bone, hip fracture risk is very similar in men and women at the same absolute BMD. We aimed to elucidate the main structural properties of bone that underlie the measured BMD and that ultimately determines the risk of hip fracture in elderly men and women.
Materials and Methods: This study is part of the Rotterdam Study (a large prospective population-based cohort) and included 147 incident hip fracture cases in 4806 participants with DXA-derived hip structural analysis (mean follow-up, 8.6 yr). Indices compared in relation to fracture included neck width, cortical thickness, section modulus (an index of bending strength), and buckling ratio (an index of cortical bone instability). We used a mathematical model to calculate the hip fracture distribution by femoral neck BMD, BMC, bone area, and hip structure analysis (HSA) parameters (cortical thickness, section modulus narrow neck width, and buckling ratio) and compared it with prospective data from the Rotterdam Study.
Results: In the prospective data, hip fracture cases in both sexes had lower BMD, thinner cortices, greater bone width, lower strength, and higher instability at baseline. In fractured individuals, men had an average BMD that was 0.09 g/cm2 higher than women (p &lt; 0.00001), whereas no significant difference in buckling ratios was seen. Modeled fracture distribution by BMD and buckling ratio levels were in concordance to the prospective data and showed that hip fractures seem to occur at the same absolute levels of bone instability (buckling ratio) in both men and women. No significant differences were observed between the areas under the ROC curves of BMD (0.8146 in women and 0.8048 in men) and the buckling ratio (0.8161 in women and 0.7759 in men).
Conclusions: The buckling ratio (an index of bone instability) portrays in both sexes the critical balance between cortical thickness and bone width. Our findings suggest that extreme thinning of cortices in expanded bones plays a key role on local susceptibility to fracture. Even though the buckling ratio does not offer additional predictive value, these findings improve our understanding of why low BMD is a good predictor of fragility fractures.
Clinical Risk Factors for Fractures in Multi-Ethnic Women: The Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Cauley Jane A , Wu LieLing , Wampler Nina S , Barnhart Janice M , Allison Matthew , Chen Zhao , Jackson Rebecca , Robbins John 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
To identify risk factors for fractures in multi-ethnic women, we studied 159,579 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. In general, risk factors for fractures were similar across ethnic groups. However, irrespective of their ethnicity, women with multiple risk factors have a high risk of fracture. Targeting these high-risk women for screening and intervention could reduce fractures.
Introduction: Fracture rates tend to be lower in minority women, but consequences may be greater. In addition, the number of fractures is expected to increase in minority women because of current demographic trends. There are limited prospective data on risk factors for fractures in minority women.
Materials and Methods: We studied 159,579 women 50–79 yr of age enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. Information on risk factors was obtained by questionnaire or examination. Nonspine fractures that occurred after study entry were identified over an average follow-up of 8 ± 2.6 (SD) yr.
Results: Annualized rates (%) of fracture in whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians were 2.0, 0.9, 1.3, 1.2, and 2.0, respectively. Significant predictors [HR (95% CI)] of fractures by ethnic group were as follows: blacks: at least a high school education, 1.22 (1.0, 1.5); (+) fracture history, 1.7 (1.4, 2.2); and more than two falls, 1.7 (1.9, 2.0); Hispanics: height (&gt;162 cm), 1.6 (1.1, 2.2); (+) fracture history, 1.9 (1.4, 2.5); more than two falls, 1.8 (1.4, 2.3); arthritis, 1.3 (1.1, 1.6); corticosteroid use, 3.9 (1.9, 8.0); and parental history of fracture, 1.3 (1.0, 1.6); Asians: age (per 5 yr), 1.2 (1.0, 1.3); (+) fracture history, 1.5 (1.1, 2.0); current hormone therapy (HT), 0.7 (0.5, 0.8); parity (at least five), 1.8 (1.1, 3.0); more than two falls, 1.4 (1.1, 1.9); American Indian: (+) fracture history, 2. 9 (1.5, 5.7); current HT, 0.5 (0.3, 0.9). Women with eight or more risk factors had more than a 2-fold higher rate of fracture compared with women with four or fewer risk factors. Two ethnicity × risk factor interactions were identified: age and fall history.
Conclusions: Irrespective of their ethnicity, women with multiple risk factors have a high risk of fracture. Targeting these high-risk women for screening and intervention could reduce fractures.