bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Valve Problems Caused by Oil Oxidation Products
Authors: Sasaki A 
Published: April 2008

Modern hydraulic systems are sophisticated with proportional valves and servo valves. As they are sensitive to oil contamination, contamination control is imperative. The conventional practices of contamination control have focused on particulate contaminants but have paid less attention to oil oxidation products. In order to protect sophisticated hydraulic components, fine pore filters have been used.
As both oil and filter materials are dielectric, friction between them generates static electricity. Accumulated static electricity causes spark discharges and damages oils. Therefore hydraulic valve problems have not been solved yet, even though the conventional contamination control is implemented.
This paper discusses the mechanism of hydraulic valve lock due to oil oxidation products and the synergy effects of oil oxidation products and particulate contaminants for valve failures and verifies that the findings of the experiment can explain the hydraulic valve problems in the fields.
On the Computational Complexity of the Numerically Definite Syllogistic and Related Logics
Authors: Pratt-Hartmann Ian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThenumerically definite syllogisticis the fragment of English obtained by extending the language of the classical syllogism with numerical quantifiers. Thenumerically definite relational syllogisticis the fragment of English obtained by extending the numerically definite syllogistic with predicates involving transitive verbs. This paper investigates the computational complexity of the satisfiability problem for these fragments. We show that the satisfiability problem (= finite satisfiability problem) for the numerically definite syllogistic is strongly NP-complete, and that the satisfiability problem (= finite satisfiability problem) for the numerically definite relational syllogistic is NEXPTIME-complete, but perhaps not strongly so. We discuss the related problem of probabilistic (propositional) satisfiability, and thereby demonstrate the incompleteness of some proof-systems that have been proposed for the numerically definite syllogistic.
Logicality and Invariance
Authors: Bonnay Denis 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of giving a principled characterization of the class of logical constants. According to the so-called Tarski–Sher thesis, an operation is logical iff it is invariant under permutation. In the model-theoretic tradition, this criterion has been widely accepted as giving a necessary condition for an operation to be logical. But it has been also widely criticized on the account that it counts too many operations as logical, failing thus to provide a sufficient condition.Our aim is to solve this problem of overgeneration by modifying the invariance criterion. We introduce a general notion of invariance under a similarity relation and present the connection between similarity relations and classes of invariant operations. The next task is to isolate a similarity relation well-suited for a definition of logicality. We argue that the standard arguments in favor of invariance under permutation, which rely on the generality and the formality of logic, should be modified. The revised arguments are shown to support an alternative to Tarski's criterion, according to which an operation is logical iff it is invariant under potential isomorphism.
How enumeration reductibility yields extended Harrington non-splitting
Authors: Soskova Mariya I. , Cooper S. Barry 
Published: April 2008

§1. Introduction. Sacks [16] showed that every computably enumerable (c.e.) degree > 0 has a c.e. splitting. Hence, relativising, every c.e. degree has a Δ2 splitting above each proper predecessor (by ‘splitting’ we understand ‘nontrivial splitting’). Arslanov [1] showed that 0′ has a d.c.e. splitting above each c.e. a < 0′. On the other hand, Lachlan [11] proved the existence of a c.e. a < 0 which has no c.e. splitting above some proper c.e. predecessor, and Harrington [10] showed that one could take a = 0′. Splitting and nonsplitting techniques have had a number of consequences for definability and elementary equivalence in the degrees below 0′.Heterogeneous splittings are best considered in the context of cupping and non-cupping. Posner and Robinson [15] showed that every nonzero Δ2 degree can be nontrivially cupped to 0′, and Arslanov [1] showed that every c.e. degree > 0 can be d.c.e. cupped to 0′ (and hence since every d.c.e., or even n-c.e., degree has a nonzero c.e. predecessor, every n-c.e. degree > 0 is d.c.e. cuppable). Cooper [4] and Yates (see Miller [13]) showed the existence of degrees noncuppable in the c.e. degrees. Moreover, the search for relative cupping results was drastically limited by Cooper [5], and Slaman and Steel [17] (see also Downey [9]), who showed that there is a nonzero c.e. degree a below which even Δ2 cupping of c.e. degrees fails.We prove below what appears to be the strongest possible of such nonsplitting and noncupping results.
Misdiagnosis of Serotonin Syndrome as Fibromyalgia and the Role of Physical Therapists
Authors: Alnwick Gregory M 
Published: April 2008

Background and Purpose
With increased use of serotonergic medications, a condition triggered by serotonin excess within the brain and spinal cord has emerged and may be gaining prevalence. The purposes of this case report are to describe how to identify serotonin syndrome in a patient who is taking citalopram (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) on the basis of signs and symptoms and to promote the ability of physical therapists to recognize such signs and symptoms.

Case Description
The patient was a 42-year-old woman referred for physical therapy with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. The physical therapist recognized that the patient's symptoms did not resemble those of fibromyalgia and recommended referral to a neurologist for further diagnostic testing.

Outcomes
The patient was referred to a neurologist, who diagnosed serotonin syndrome related to the use of citalopram. The patient was weaned off citalopram and made a successful recovery, with scores on the Oswestry Disability Index decreasing from 70% to 28% at discharge from the physical therapy treatment and to 0% at the 6-month follow-up. The patient has since returned to her prior activity level, which includes skiing, motorcycle riding, and working at her consulting firm.

Discussion
This case report demonstrates how careful evaluation by the physical therapist indicated that signs and symptoms were not consistent with fibromyalgia, and further medical evaluation revealed the actual diagnosis of serotonin syndrome.
Tree spacing and area of competitive influence do not scale with tree size in an African rain forest
Authors: Lawes Michael J. , Griffiths Megan E. , Midgley Jeremy J. , Boudreau Stéphane , Eeley Harriet A.C. , Chapman Colin A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractQuestions:Is the area of influence of individual trees determined by tree size? Does competition, inferred from spatial pattern between neighbouring trees, affect adult tree spacing patterns in an tropical forest? At what size‐class or stage is competition between neighbours most likely to affect adult tree spacing patterns?Location:Kibale National Park, western Uganda.Methods:Relationships between focal tree size and nearest neighbour distance, size, density, and species in a 4‐ha permanent plot, using point pattern analyses.Results:We found non‐random patterns of distribution of nearest tree neighbours (stems > 10 cm DBH). Independent of identity, tree density was highest and neighbours were regularly spaced within 3–5m of an individual. Tree densities were lower and relatively constant at distances >5m and neighbours were typically randomly spaced. In general, conspecific patterns conformed to the latter trends. Thus, individual area of influence was small (within a radius of 3–5 m). Rarer species were more clumped than common species. Weak competitive thinning occurred among more densely packed small trees (<20 cm DBH), and rapidly disappeared with increasing tree size and distance from an individual. The clumping and density of individuals was not significantly affected by tree size.Conclusions:Negative effects of competition among trees are weak, occur within the crown radius of most individuals, and are independent of adult tree size and identity. The density of neighbouring trees (aggregation) did not decline with increasing focal tree size at either the conspecific or the community level and tree diameter (tree size) was not a good estimator of the implied competitive influence of a tree. Mechanisms operating at the recruitment stage may be important determinants of adult tree community diversity and spacing patterns.
Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccines Among Pregnant and Recently Pregnant Individuals
Authors: Williams Joshua T. B. , Kurlandsky Kate , Breslin Kristin , Durfee M. Joshua , Stein Amy , Hurley Laura , Shoup Jo Ann , Reifler Liza M. , Daley Matthew F. , Lewin Bruno J. , Goddard Kristin , Henninger Michelle L. , Nelson Jennifer C. , Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , Hanson Kayla E. , Fuller Candace C. , Weintraub Eric S. , McNeil Michael M. , Hambidge Simon J. 
Published: April 2024

ImportancePregnant people and infants are at high risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Understanding changes in attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant and recently pregnant people is important for public health messaging.ObjectiveTo assess attitudinal trends regarding COVID-19 vaccines by (1) vaccination status and (2) race, ethnicity, and language among samples of pregnant and recently pregnant Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) members from 2021 to 2023.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional surveye study included pregnant or recently pregnant members of the VSD, a collaboration of 13 health care systems and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unvaccinated, non-Hispanic Black, and Spanish-speaking members were oversampled. Wave 1 took place from October 2021 to February 2022, and wave 2 took place from November 2022 to February 2023. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to September 2023.ExposuresSelf-reported or electronic health record (EHR)–derived race, ethnicity, and preferred language.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported vaccination status and attitudes toward monovalent (wave 1) or bivalent Omicron booster (wave 2) COVID-19 vaccines. Sample- and response-weighted analyses assessed attitudes by vaccination status and 3 race, ethnicity, and language groupings of interest.ResultsThere were 1227 respondents; all identified as female, the mean (SD) age was 31.7 (5.6) years, 356 (29.0%) identified as Black race, 555 (45.2%) identified as Hispanic ethnicity, and 445 (36.3%) preferred the Spanish language. Response rates were 43.5% for wave 1 (652 of 1500 individuals sampled) and 39.5% for wave 2 (575 of 1456 individuals sampled). Respondents were more likely than nonrespondents to be White, non-Hispanic, and vaccinated per EHR. Overall, 76.8% (95% CI, 71.5%-82.2%) reported 1 or more COVID-19 vaccinations; Spanish-speaking Hispanic respondents had the highest weighted proportion of respondents with 1 or more vaccination. Weighted estimates of somewhat or strongly agreeing that COVID-19 vaccines are safe decreased from wave 1 to 2 for respondents who reported 1 or more vaccinations (76% vs 50%; χ21 = 7.8; P &amp;lt; .001), non-Hispanic White respondents (72% vs 43%; χ21 = 5.4; P = .02), and Spanish-speaking Hispanic respondents (76% vs 53%; χ21 = 22.8; P = .002).Conclusions and RelevanceDecreasing confidence in COVID-19 vaccine safety in a large, diverse pregnant and recently pregnant insured population is a public health concern.
Application of the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction in Clinical Practice in Scotland and Sweden
Authors: Taggart Caelan , Roos Andreas , Kadesjö Erik , Anand Atul , Li Ziwen , Doudesis Dimitrios , Lee Kuan Ken , Bularga Anda , Wereski Ryan , Lowry Matthew T. H. , Chapman Andrew R. , Ferry Amy V. , Shah Anoop S. V. , Gard Anton , Lindahl Bertil , Edgren Gustaf , Mills Nicholas L. , Kimenai Dorien M. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceWhether the diagnostic classifications proposed by the universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) to identify type 1 MI due to atherothrombosis and type 2 MI due to myocardial oxygen supply-demand imbalance have been applied consistently in clinical practice is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the application of the universal definition of MI in consecutive patients with possible MI across 2 health care systems.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from 2 prospective cohorts enrolling consecutive patients with possible MI in Scotland (2013-2016) and Sweden (2011-2014) to assess accuracy of clinical diagnosis of MI recorded in hospital records for patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 MI. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to February 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the proportion of patients with a clinical diagnosis of MI recorded in the hospital records who had type 1 or type 2 MI, adjudicated by an independent panel according to the universal definition. Characteristics and risk of subsequent MI or cardiovascular death at 1 year were compared.ResultsA total of 50 356 patients were assessed. The cohort from Scotland included 28 783 (15 562 men [54%]; mean [SD] age, 60 [17] years), and the cohort from Sweden included 21 573 (11 110 men [51%]; mean [SD] age, 56 [17] years) patients. In Scotland, a clinical diagnosis of MI was recorded in 2506 of 3187 patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of type 1 MI (79%) and 122 of 716 patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of type 2 MI (17%). Similar findings were observed in Sweden, with 970 of 1111 patients with adjudicated diagnosis of type 1 MI (87%) and 57 of 251 patients with adjudicated diagnosis of type 2 MI (23%) receiving a clinical diagnosis of MI. Patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of type 1 MI without a clinical diagnosis were more likely to be women (eg, 336 women [49%] vs 909 women [36%] in Scotland; P &amp;lt; .001) and older (mean [SD] age, 71 [14] v 67 [14] years in Scotland, P &amp;lt; .001) and, when adjusting for competing risk from noncardiovascular death, were at similar or increased risk of subsequent MI or cardiovascular death compared with patients with a clinical diagnosis of MI (eg, 29% vs 18% in Scotland; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the universal definition of MI was not consistently applied in clinical practice, with a minority of patients with type 2 MI identified, and type 1 MI underrecognized in women and older persons, suggesting uncertainty remains regarding the diagnostic criteria or value of the classification.
A flash in the pan? The population dynamics of a dominant pioneer species in tropical dry forest succession
Authors: Dávila‐Hernández Gerardo , Meave Jorge A. , Muñoz Rodrigo , González Edgar J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobally, around half of all tropical forests are secondary communities which are recovering from previous disturbances. In these communities, dominant pioneers play a critical role in the successional dynamics due their ability to modify the environment, and thus to facilitate or hinder the performance of other species. In this study, we examined the population dynamics of the dominant pioneer species, Mimosa acantholoba var. eurycarpa, in a tropical dry forest during the process of secondary succession. We collected data from permanent plots over a period of 13 years and used integral projection models to analyze the vital rates and changes in population size. Most vital rates were negatively related to successional age, with resprouting, survival and recruitment of individuals responding more strongly, and individual growth rate more weakly. These vital‐rate trends translated into significant variation of population size over succession, with a maximum size at year four and a rapid decline thereafter. Overall, our findings suggest that this species benefits from its ability to display a large number of resprouts in very early stages of succession, contributing to the rapid increase in population density. However, as succession unfolds, a lack of resprouting and a decline in survival reduce its population size, to the point of local extinction. These results highlight the importance of resprouting in the early dynamics of tropical dry forest communities recovering from disturbance.
Multi‐Material Digital Light Processing (DLP) Bioprinting of Heterogeneous Hydrogel Constructs with Perfusable Networks
Authors: Yang Ming , Chu Lang , Zhuang Yanfeng , Qi Cheng , Meng Si , Liu Zhou , Kong Tiantian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe challenges of replicating the complex mechanical and structural diversity of natural tissues in vitro by leveraging multi‐material digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting are addressed. This technique utilizes PEGDA‐AAm bio‐ink to develop multi‐component, cell‐laden hydrogel constructs with varying moduli. These constructs not only possess heterogeneous mechanical properties but also feature complex architectures and precisely engineered surface microstructures. The hydrogel microfluidic chips are successfully fabricated with perfusable microchannels, embedding various cell types within the matrix. This approach enables the bioprinting of intricate cell‐laden structures with unique surface topologies, such as spiral grooves and triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), which effectively influence cell alignment, spreading, and migration. By integrating various cell‐laden PA hydrogels, the diverse mechanical moduli of biological tissues, including bone, liver lobules, and vascular networks are replicated. This technique ensures high‐fidelity differentiation between cell types and regions. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of substrate modulus and structure on cell behavior, underscoring the potential of multi‐component, multi‐modulus hydrogel constructs in creating sophisticated structures with custom‐tailored mechanical properties. This study significantly advances the field by demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of multi‐material DLP bioprinting in developing complex, functionally relevant tissue models for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Multi‐Scale Ice Inhibition Platform Enables Full‐Cycle Cryogenic Protection for Mouse Oocyte
Authors: Chang Tie , Tian Conghui , Zheng Yifan , Yang Yating , Liu Tao , Chen Zhongrong , Shao Yue , Shi Qinghua , Liu Huanzhong , Cao Yunxia , Zhao Gang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCryopreservation of metaphase II (MII) oocytes is crucial to preserve female fertility. However, the existing vitrification technology just provides partial cryogenic protection for oocytes and must use high concentrations of toxic penetrating cryoprotective agents (CPAs, up to 4.8 M). Here, a multi‐scale ice inhibition platform is proposed, which effectively suppresses ice crystal morphology, ice recrystallization (IR), temperature gradient, and devitrification. This platform achieves mouse oocyte survival rate of 98.6% using the low concentration of CPA (3.1 M) while also possessing batch oocyte cryopreservation ability. In contrast, recovered oocytes show a much more modest variation of genes compared with the conventional method (85 vs. 1396 genes), retaining normal fertilization, embryonic development, and birth to healthy offspring. Diverging from the conventional vitrification method with partial cryogenic protection capability, this platform introduces full‐cycle ice inhibition, offering promising prospects for achieving high‐quality and scalable fertility preservation.
Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Frameworks: Dimensionality Effect on Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Han Bin , Liang Bin , Zhang Enhui , Li Jie , Li Yunfei , Zhang Qi , Xie Zheng , Wang Hailong , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDimensionality of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in terms of 2D and 3D, must greatly influence their properties and functionalities due to the different electronic and porous structures, but still less investigated in the 20 years history. Herein, on the basis of the imidization reaction of phthalocyanine‐based tetraanhydride monomers with either 1,4‐phenylenediamine or 1,3,5,7‐tetra(4‐aminophenyl)adamantine, 2D and 3D imide‐bonded COFs with sql and pts topology have been prepared to explore their third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. In contrast to metal‐free analogues, both 2D and 3D copper‐phthalocyanine COFs have the enhanced NLO behaviors according to the open aperture Z‐scan and optical limiting (OL) results recorded under a nanosecond laser at 532 nm. In particular, 2D COFs with strong π–π staking phthalocyanine units show the NLO property with bigger third‐order nonlinear susceptibility (Imχ(3)) and unique reverse saturation absorption response at 1064 nm than that of 3D species with dispersed conjugated modules. Furthermore, femtosecond transient absorption spectra disclose the longer excited lifetimes of copper COFs than metal free samples, helpful in their NLO property. These findings clearly disclose the materials advantages of 2D phthalocyanine COFs toward the NLO characteristics and provide new candidates for OL application.
Homo‐Dyad with Outer Hydration Layer Approach for Developing NIR‐II Chromophore of High Stability and Water‐Solubility as Injectable and Sprayable Optical Probe
Authors: She Zunpan , Li Rong , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDyes with extended conjugate structures are the focus of extensive design and synthesis efforts, aiming to confer unique and improved optical and electronic properties. Such advancements render these dyes applicable across a wide spectrum of uses, ranging from second‐window near‐infrared (NIR‐II) bioimaging to organic photovoltaics. Nevertheless, the inherent benefits of long conjugation are often accompanied by persistent challenges like aggregation, fluorescence quenching, absorption blueshift, and low stability and poor water solubility. Herein, a unique structural design strategy termed “homo‐dyad with outer hydration layer” is introduced to address these inherent problems, tailored for the development of imaging probes exhibiting long absorption/emission wavelengths. This approach involves bringing two heptamethine cyanines together through a flexible linker, forming a homo‐dyad structure, while strategically attaching four polyethylene glycol (PEG9) chains to the terminal heterocycles. This approach imparts excellent water solubility, biocompatibility, and enhanced chemical, photo‐, and spectral stability for the dyes. Utilizing this strategy, a biomarker‐activatable probe (HD‐FL‐4PEG9‐N) for NIR‐II fluorescent and 3D multispectral optoacoustic tomography imaging is developed, and its effectiveness in disease visualization. It can not only serve as an injectable probe for acute kidney injury imaging due to its high water solubility, but also a sprayable probe for imaging bacterial‐infected wounds.