bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotactic factor‐induced generation of superoxide radicals by human neutrophils
Authors: Simchowitz Louis , Mehta Jagdish , Spilberg Isaias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman peripheral neutrophils generated superoxide radicals as assessed by ferricytochrome C reduction in response to activation by the synthetic chemotactic factor, N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine. Superoxide generation was inhibited by 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (ID50 4X10−5M), 2‐iodoacetate (ID50 5X10−5M), and N‐ethyl‐maleimide (ID50 5X10−6M), suggesting a dependence on anaerobic glycolysis and sulfhydryl groups. Ouabain, microtubule‐disrupting agents, inhibitors of respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, and protein and nucleic acid synthesis were without appreciable effects. Indomethacin (ID50 1X10−4M), ibuprofen (ID50 9X10−4M), and phenylbutazone (ID50 1X10−5M) all caused dose‐dependent inhibition of superoxide generation at concentrations approximating those plasma and tissue levels obtained in human beings at therapeutic doses. Acetylsalicylic acid (125–500 ug/ml) and aurothioglucose (10−3−10−6M) were without appreciable effects. Superoxide generation was inhibited only by relatively high concentrations of hydrocortisone (ID50 > 10−3M). Because superoxide radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in several forms of inflammation and arthritis in vivo, these studies suggest that the production of a potential cytotoxic factor may be subject to pharmacologic manipulation and that at least some of the antiphlogistic effects of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents may be mediated through effects on superoxide production.
The clinical significance of raynaud's phenomenon in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Dimant Jacob , Ginzler Ellen , Schlesinger Michael , Diamond Gary Sterba Herbert , Kaplan Damond , Weiner Max 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a prospective study of 226 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 91 patients (40%) had Raynaud's phenomenon. These patients were compared to 135 patients without Raynaud's phenomenon. Patients with Raynaud's phenomenon had a greater incidence of arthritis (P < 0.02), malar rash (P < 0.003), and photosensitivity (P < 0.03), and a lesser incidence of severe renal disease as manifested by serum creatinine over 3.0 mg/dl (P < 0.007) or creatinine clearance below 60 ml/minute. Patients with Raynaud's phenomenon were less likely to have severe, life threatening disease and received a lower average monthly (P < 0.01). and a lower peak daily corticosteroid dose (P < 0.01). Fourteen patients (16%) with Raynaud's phenomenon died, compared to 41 without (30%) (P < 0.03). Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with SLE is associated with milder disease and may be regarded as a favorable prognostic sign.
Quantification of human plasma inorganic pyrophosphate
Authors: Ryan Lawrence M. , Kozin Franklin , Mccarty Daniel J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe methodologic variables of the UDPG pyrophosphorylase method for analysis of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) levels in biologic fluids are described. Use of a tourniquet in collection of blood specimens elevated plasma PPi levels from 35% to 55% above control values and may explain the differences in published normal values. The sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate used to prepare the standard solution lost 8 waters of hydration after dessication, which could result in the calculation of spuriously elevated PPi levels. Normal plasma PPi concentration was 2.18 uM with a range (95% confidence limits) of 0.58‐3.78 uM. Comparison of plasma PPi in normal subjects, patients with primary osteoarthritis, and patients with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease revealed no significant intergroup differences.
T lymphocyte subpopulations in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic disease
Authors: Biberfeld Gunnel , Nilsson Ethel , Biberfeld Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe proportion of T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (TG cells) or IgM (TM cells) was determined in synovial fluid and blood of 16 patients with various rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. The percentage of TG cells was low in all synovial fluid samples, whereas in the patients' blood the percentage was higher than or equal to the level found in the blood of healthy subjects. Eight patients also had a lower level of TM cells in synovial fluid as compared to the percentage found in the blood of healthy donors. In the patients' blood the percentage of TM cells was usually within the normal range. Thus the proportion of T cells lacking either receptor (Tnull cells) was higher in synovial fluid than in blood. This pattern of low TGcell and high Tnull cell percentages was found in the synovial fluid of patients with various rheumatic diseases and thus seems to be a general feature of chronic inflammatory joint exudates.
The rarity of felty's syndrome in blacks
Authors: Termini Trudy Elsmore , Biundo Joseph J. , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence is presented that Felty's syndrome (FS) is rare among black patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). All of 12 patients with FS seen at Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas between 1964 and 1978 were white. During this period 52% of patients admitted to the Parkland medical service were black and 31% of patients discharged with a diagnosis of RA were black. The number of expected black cases of FS on the basis of the racial distribution of hospitalized patients with RA was 3.7 (P < 0.02 when the zero incidence in blacks was compared with the expected incidence). All 7 cases of FS observed at Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana between 1968 and 1978 were also white. During this period, 65%of patients discharged with a diagnosis of RA were black, and the number of expected black cases of FS was 4.5 (P < 0.001). These findings suggest a genetic basis for the development of leukopenia and splenomegaly in RA patients.
Mutilans‐like arthropathy in mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: Alarcón‐Segovia Donato , Uribe‐Uribe Oscar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients who combine clinical features of various connective tissue disorders have been found to have antibodies to ribonucleoprotein. This antigen is included as the ribonuclease‐sensitive portion of an extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) (1). These patients have been grouped under the term mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and there is increasing evidence that they constitute a distinct disease group. Articular manifestations in patients with MCTD are prominent and may be destructive to the point of closely mimicking rheumatoid arthritis (2–4). Herein we describe a unique patient with MCTD who developed severe arthritis, as well as middle and distant phalangeal bone resorption which resulted in opera‐glass hands akin to those found in arthritis mutilans.
Erythrocyte rosette inhibition as an assay for naturally occurring t lymphocytotoxic antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Koike Takao , Kobayashi Seiichi , Yoshiki Takashi , Itoh Tetsuo , Shirai Toshikazu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy means of a modified sheep erythrocyte rosette inhibition assay, we were able to detect naturally occurring lymphocytotoxic antibodies in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The incidence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies was 86% in all SLE patients, and 100% in patients with active disease. Since this assay detects only the antibodies that react with the determinants on T cells or on both T and B cells, it has a great advantage of demonstrating in combination with appropriate absorptions the antibodies specific for T cells. When an appropriate panel of target cells was used, most of the antibodies in SLE sera as detected by this assay appeared to be analogous to a natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA) of New Zealand mice in its specificity and nature. The changes in the antibody titer of a patient with SLE during the course of disease correlated well with those in the total number of T cells in the blood, the antinuclear antibody titer, and some delayed skin hypersensitivities.
Serum‐serum interactions in autoimmune mice
Authors: Eisenberg Robert A. , Thor Lee T. , Dixon Frank J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from a majority of old, sick mice of the MRL/I strain interact with other MRL/I sera to form visible immunoprecipitates and fix complement. The mouse sera can be divided into two sets such that interset interactions are far more common than intraset ones. The reactive principle in each mouse serum is IgG in the form of an intermediate‐sized complex. Reactivity between sera is dependent on IgG anti‐IgG specificities.
Studies of the effects of sex hormones on autosomal and x‐linked genetic control of induced and spontaneous antibody production
Authors: Raveche E. S. , Tjio J. H. , Boegel W. , Steinberg A. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn these studies we investigated the modifying effect of sex hormones on both the levels of induced antibodies after immunization with single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) and the levels of spontaneously produced anti‐T cell antibodies (NTA). To learn whether the responses were genetically determined or under hormonal regulation, we analyzed hybrids produced by crossing the autoimmune NZB strain with the nonautoimmune DBA/2 strain. For both anti‐ssDNA and NTA, males usually had a lower response than females; this difference could largely be removed by castration of the males. Females given testosterone implants also had decreased antibody levels. The higher responses in females and suppression by testosterone were true for all mice studied except NZB mice. NZB mice appear to have an insensitivity to the suppressive effects of testosterone.
Effect of estrogen on natural killer cells
Authors: Seaman William E. , Gindhart Thomas D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment of mice with sustained high levels of β‐estradiol leads to a reduction in natural killer cell activity and genetic resistance to bone marrow transplantation. The loss of natural killing does not seem to result from either humoral or immune suppression. Natural killer cells are thought to depend on the bone marrow, and it is notable that estrogens reduce natural killing at approximately the same time that they produce a loss of marrow due to osteoproliferation. Similarly, mice with congenital osteopetrosis are deficient in natural killing. However, changes in natural killing during and after treatment with estrogen do not correspond directly to changes in marrow volume. Estrogens are known to exacerbate spontaneous autoimmunity in NZB/NZW mice. The relationship between this effect and the effect of estrogen on natural killing is not clear. When natural killing is lowered in NZB/NZW mice by the in vivo administration of 89Sr, autoimmunity is reduced.
Sex differences in response to hepatitis b virus
Authors: London W. Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe proposed the hypothesis that there is an antigen on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that cross‐reacts with a male associated antigen to explain four observations: 1) sex differences in the responses to HBV infection, 2) sex differences in the prevalence of chronic liver diseases associated with hepatitis B, 3) the association of parental responses to HBV with the sex ratio (at birth) of their offspring, and 4) the relation of kidney graft survival with the combination of anti‐HBs in the recipients and the sex of the organ donor. Patients with aplastic anemia treated with bone marrow transplantation from HLA identical sibling donors were studied to further test this hypothesis and the results provide additional support. Cross reactivity of HBsAg with H‐Y antigen, however, has not been demonstrated.
Sex hormone production and action
Authors: Siiteri Pentti K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mechanisms of the production of estrogens and androgens in women and men are reviewed. Extraglandular estrogen formation from circulating androgens is the principal source of estrogen in men and postmenopausal women. The amount of estrogen formed is dependent upon precursor availability and metabolic factors, such as obesity and hepatic disease. Both androgens and estrogens in the circulation of humans are bound to sex hormone binding globulin which limits their availability to target cell receptors.
Placenta‐bound immunoglobulins
Authors: Jurjus Abdo , Wheeler David A. , Gallo Robert C. , Witz Isaac P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLow pH eluates were prepared from trophoblasts derived from 8 term human placentas. A qualitative analysis for immunoglobulins revealed the presence of IgG, IgA, and IgM in these eluates. IgG‐rich fractions were obtained by DEAE‐cellulose chromatography of ammonium sulfate‐concentrated eluates. These fractions were able to neutralize, in vitro, the catalytic activity of reverse transcriptases (RT) from several retroviruses. RT from baboon endogenous virus (BEV) seemed to be more susceptible to the neutralizing activity of some eluates. This was in contrast to RT from feline leukemia virus (FeLV) which were neutralized by eluates of leukocytes from chronic myelogenous leukemia. In contrast to previous and present results with purified IgG from leukemic leukocytes, the purified IgG from placenta eluates was incapable of RT neutralization. However, such purified IgG fractions inhibited mixed lymphocyte reactions.
The effect of thoracic duct drainage on lymphocyte dynamics and clinical symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ueo Toyoji , Tanaka Seisuke , Tominaga Yoshinori , Ogawa Hiroyiki , Sakurami Takehiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThoracic duct drainage (TDD) was performed in 4 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical effects were apparent in all during drainage, but the term of TDD and the cumulative number of lymphocytes drained had no direct relation to the improvement of clinical symptoms. The number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood increased despite discharge of lymphocytes from the thoracic duct in the very early stage of drainage, suggesting that lymph drainage from thoracic duct accelerates migration of lymphocytes from lymphocyte pools to the blood stream. Biopsy specimens of synovial membranes obtained post‐TDD showed marked decrease of mononuclear cell infiltration as compared to the specimens obtained preoperatively. These findings suggest that clinical effectiveness may be due not only to systemic immunosuppression induced by lymphocyte depletion but also to accelerated migration of inflammatory cells from the synovial tissues to the blood stream occurring with dynamic change of lymph flow during TDD.
Metabolic and secretory properties of peripheral and synovial granulocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Van De Stadt R. J. , Voorde‐Vissers Els Van De , Feltkamp‐Vroom Thea M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe metabolic and secretory properties of peripheral and synovial granulocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated with serum‐ or immunoglobulin‐treated zymosan as activators of cell metabolism. During isolation of the synovial cells precautions were taken to prevent in vitro phagocytosis of immune materials present in the synovial fluids. Oxygen uptake, extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes under resting and activated conditions, yield of the isolated granulocytes, and the granule enzyme content of peripheral and synovial cells did not differ significantly from those of peripheral granulocytes from healthy volunteers. In agreement with the biochemical results, intracellular inclusions could be detected in only a few synovial cells with a direct immunofluorescence technique. The possibility that formation of “ragocytes” may be an in vitro phenomenon is discussed.
Therapeutic studies in new zealand mice
Authors: Melez Kathleen A. , Boegel William A. , Steinberg Alfred D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn view of the known inhibitory effects of androgens on the spontaneous production of autoantibodies in hybrids of NZB mice, as well as the dramatic effects of sex hormones on the modulation of autoimmunity in NZB/NZW F1 mice, we undertook a systematic study of treatment of female NZB/NZW mice with androgens. We initiated treatment at 0.5, 3, 5, 6, 7, or 8 months of life in castrated or intact mice by use of one of three steroid preparations at different doses. We found that danazol was not effective in suppressing proteinuria, reducing antibodies to ssDNA, or in prolonging survival. In contrast, both testosterone and 5 α‐dihydrotestosterone were capable of prolonging survival, suppressing proteinuria, and reducing anti‐ssDNA in both intact and castrated mice. Testosterone was effective at lower doses than was the 5 α hormone. Testosterone significantly prolonged survival even when started after the onset of clinical illness at 5, 7, and 8 months of age. Mice treated from 5 months of life with testosterone had a much more marked reduction in antibodies to ssDNA than to native DNA. However, treatment from 7 months of age significantly prolonged survival without altering the serum levels of either autoantibody, suggesting that some other mechanism of testosterone action may be contributing to therapeutic efficacy. These studies indicate that androgen therapy may be beneficial even after the development of clinical illness, that castration is not necessary for benefit, and that the effectiveness of a therapeutic regimen is dependent upon both the dose and the particular preparation of hormone.
Genetic studies in nzb mice
Authors: Raveche Elizabeth S , Tjio J H , Steinberg Alfred D 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHybrid NZB X NZW or NZB X DBA/2 females have markedly accelerated development of autoimmunity when compared with their respective male littermates. This difference is attributable to the ability of male sex hormones to retard the expression of autoimmunity. In contrast to the sex differences in expression of autoimmunity in F1 mice, parental NZB males and females have only minor differences in disease expression. We have been investigating the basis for the difference in anti‐T cell antibody production between NZB and F1 mice. In this study, the appearance of antibodies cytotoxic for T cells (NTA) was studied in NZB and DBA/2 mice and in their F1 hybrids and backcross progeny. A major sex difference in NTA production was observed in the F1 hybrids; females produced more NTA than did males. Castration of males led to a marked increase in NTA production. Furthermore, the NTA production of castrated male and female F1 mice was significantly suppressed by administration of testosterone in Silastic capsules. In contrast to the studies in F1 mice, we found little difference between intact male and female parental NZB mice at any age studied. Furthermore, NZB mice of both sexes who were given androgen‐containing capsules at 2 weeks of age failed to demonstrate a decrease in NTA production. This result suggested an androgen insensitivity in NZB mice with regard to NTA production. This insensitivity, which appears to be a recessive trait, may help to explain why NZB mice do not manifest the sex differences in disease expression observed in the F1 hybrids.
Ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Kaprove Robert E. , Hugh Little A. , Graham Donald C. , Rosen Phillip S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated survival of a group of 151 Canadian war veterans with ankylosing spondylitis who were entered into a prospective study in 1947–1949. With 94% successful followup, total survival was 60.9%, significantly less than expected. However, a subgroup who had not been treated with radiotherapy had a survival not significantly different from the general population. Causes of death in both irradiated and nonirradiated subgroups were determined.
Identification of anaplasmataceae (haemobartonella) antigen and antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kallick Charles A. , Thadhani Kaloo C. , Rice Thomas W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFree antigen related to Anaplasma marginale (AM) (Haemobartonella) was demonstrated in the glomeruli of one patient with lupus nephritis. Indirect fluorescent antibodies against this rickettsia were demonstrated in all of 22 lupus sera tested, with titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:1280. Geometric mean titer (GMT) was 116. Fifty‐eight percent of 102 controls did not react to AM by indirect fluorescent antibody technique, and GMT of all controls was 10.7 Immunofluorescence was eliminated by neutralization and blocking techniques.
Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sakane Tsuyoshi , Steinberg Alfred D. , Green Ira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGenetic, environmental, and immune factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To investigate the basis for abnormalities in immune regulation, we studies lymphocytes from patients with SLE during the active and inactive phases of their disease to examine their ability to develop Con A induced suppressor function (5 patients) and to develop a normal autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) (7 patients). In each case results of these in vitro tests using whole T cells were abnormal during the active phase of the disease and returned to normal when the disease activity decreased. The results of this study suggest that the abnormalities of suppressor cell generation and the autologous MLR observed in whole T cell populations from patients with active SLE are not solely due to intrinsic and invariant lymphocyte defects. They further suggest that loss of immune regulatory function is not a simple genetically determined trait since the regulatory function returned to normal when the disease became inactive. However, these results do not exclude an underlying genetic effect on the immune system which requires a second factor (such as an environmental trigger) for expression. Evidence in support of this latter possibility derives from studies of Tγ cells. Fractionation of the functionally normal whole T cells from some patients who were clinically inactive revealed impaired function of Tγ cells. This subset of T cells may be easily perturbed by stimuli not sufficient to cause clinically apparent disease.
A sensitive radioimmunoassay for quantitation of igm rheumatoid factor
Authors: Koopman William J. , Schrohenloher Ralph E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA solid‐phase radioimmunoassay capable of detecting nanogram quantities of human IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) in biologic fluids has been developed. Binding curves for monoclonal IgM RF and polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factors were similar under the conditions utilized for the assay. Human IgG did not interfere with the detection of IgM RF by this method. Small quantities (≤ 0.2%) of nonspecific binding by nonRF IgM to the human IgG coated tubes utilized in the assay were corrected for by assaying samples in parallel bovine serum albumin coated control tubes. As expected, patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had significantly higher concentrations of IgM RF than seronegative RA patients (mean ± 1 SD = 652 ± 553 μg/ml versus 11.3 ± 13.3 μg/ml, P < 0.001). In contrast, all normal control sera assayed to date contained < 0.1 μg/ml of IgM RF. The capacity of the assay to detect nanogram quantities of IgM RF should permit investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying RF production.
Suppressor cell loss and dysfunction in mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: Alarcon‐Segovia Donato , Ruiz‐Arguelles Alejandro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 11 patients with untreated mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) who were studied, all had decreased circulating Ty cells, and all but one had decreased suppressor cell function of T cells on B cells, determined by a reverse hemolytic plaque‐cell assay. Results in 21 normal subjects were significantly different. Incubation of mononuclear cells from MCTD patients in purified anti‐ribonucleoprotein (anti‐RNP) IgG resulted in further decrease in their suppressor function. Decrease of Ty cells and their suppressor function may be due to in vivo penetration of anti‐RNP antibody into Ty cells, causing their deletion.