bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antihistone antibodies in linear scleroderma variants
Authors: El‐Azhary Rokea A. , Aponte Carole C. , Nelson Audrey M. , Weaver Amy L. , Homburger Henry A. 
Published: March 2006

Background  Linear scleroderma occurs as two clinically distinct variants: the frontoparietal en coup de sabre type, and the torso‐extremity type. Antihistone antibodies (AHAs), which traditionally are markers for drug‐induced lupus, may also be linked to linear scleroderma.Methods  Retrospective review of all patients presenting with linear scleroderma who had AHA titers measured.Results  A total of 35 patients were identified. Twenty patients with linear scleroderma of the torso and/or extremities comprised 14 pediatric patients (≤ 18 years old; positive AHA, 10/14 = 71%; positive ANA, 3/13 = 23%) and six adults (four positive AHA; five positive ANA). Among the 15 patients with frontoparietal linear scleroderma, en coup de sabre type, 11 were pediatric patients (positive AHA, 5/11 = 45%; positive ANA, 4/11 = 36%) and four were adults (1 positive AHA/ANA).Conclusion  The two clinical variants of linear scleroderma are not only clinically distinct, but also may be serologically different. The AHA titers may be related to the extent of involvement as well as disease activity in linear scleroderma.
Serum and erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activities in patients with Behçet's disease
Authors: Canpolat Filiz , Ünver Mehmet , Eskioğlu Fatma , Kösebalaban Şebnem , Durmazlar Selda Pelin Kartal 
Published: March 2006

Objectives  Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a non‐specific marker of the activation of the T cell, which has an important role in the etiology of Behçet's disease (BD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the determination of ADA activity as an index of T‐lymphocyte function in BD, which is known to have an T‐cell‐mediated immune response.Materials and Methods  Adenosine deaminase activities in both serum and erythrocytes were measured in 23 untreated patients with BD and in 20 healthy controls. The patients with BD were divided into two groups: active (n = 10) and inactive (n = 13).Results  When compared with the control group, serum ADA activity was high (P < 0.01) and erythrocyte ADA activity was significantly low (P < 0.01) in BD. Serum ADA activity of active BD was higher than that of inactive BD (P < 0.01), but erythrocyte ADA activity was found to be lower in active BD than inactive BD (P < 0.01).Comment  These findings may provide an additional benefit for the diagnosis of BD and sub‐typing of active and inactive BD.
Pancreas transplantation: advantages of both enteric and bladder drainage combined in a two‐step approach
Authors: Van De Linde Pieter , Van Der Boog Paul J.M. , Baranski Andrzej G. , De Fijter Johan W. , Ringers Jan , Schaapherder Alexander F.M. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract: Background:Although there is a tendency to perform enteric drainage of pancreas transplants in simultaneous pancreas–kidney (SPK) transplantation, bladder drainage is still preferable in pancreas transplantation alone (PTA) or after a previous kidney transplantation (PAK). Our hypothesis was that enteric conversion of a bladder drained pancreas is an effective and safe procedure. We studied the complication rate and physiological effects of enteric conversion in patients with primary bladder‐drained SPK transplantation.Patients:We performed 51 enteric conversions in bladder‐drained SPK transplant recipients. As we observed a low complication rate, with time enteric conversions were also performed for less strict and severe indications.Results:The main indications for conversion were urological problems, metabolic complications and reflux‐pancreatitis. The median transplantation–conversion interval was 12 months (range 2–40 months). Post‐operative complications consisted of seven urinary tract infections, two low‐grade superficial wound infections, one minor bleeding, one phlebitis and one paralytic ileus. In two patients, a relaparotomy was necessary. No graft rejection following enteric conversion was found. Long‐term renal and pancreatic function were not affected by the enteric conversion. Three‐year patient, kidney and pancreas survival rates after enteric conversion were 93, 97 and 93%, respectively (censored data).Conclusion:Enteric conversion after pancreas transplantation is an effective and safe procedure. Therefore, we suggest a policy of a two‐step approach of primary bladder drainage followed by an enteric conversion of the pancreas in a selected group of SPK patients.
Isolated heart and liver transplant recipients are at low risk for polyomavirus BKV nephropathy
Authors: Puliyanda Dechu P. , Amet Nurmamet , Dhawan Archana , Hilo Lara , Radha Raju K. , Bunnapradist Suphamai , Czer Lawrence , Martin Paul , Jordan Stanley , Toyoda Mieko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract:  Background:  BKV infection and nephropathy is a significant cause of allograft dysfunction in kidney transplantation. BKV viremia, rather than viruria, corresponds to BKV nephropathy. The prevalence of BKV viremia in non‐renal solid organ transplants has not been systematically evaluated.Methods:  We determined prevalence of BKV viremia in kidney, combined kidney–heart, kidney–liver, kidney–pancreas, kidney–heart–liver, and heart and liver transplant recipients using BKV‐PCR.Results:  Seven out of 173 (4%) kidney transplant recipients had BKV viremia, with BKV>2 × 105 copies/mL in 6/7 and 1.9 × 103 in the remaining one patient. BKV viremia was not found in 24 heart transplant recipients, whereas 1/37 (2.7%) liver transplants showed low copy numbers (≤103). BKV‐PCR≤103 copies/mL were also found in one of each combined kidney–heart and kidney–liver transplant recipients. BKV nephropathy was proven by biopsy in 4/6 patients with high BKV viral loads. All six patients showed renal dysfunction, requiring reduction in immunosuppression and antiviral therapy. All four patients with low BKV viral loads (1.9 × 103 or ≤103) showed stable renal function after reduction of immunosuppression or no treatment, respectively.Conclusion:  Higher BKV levels in plasma are associated with renal dysfunction. Kidney transplant recipients are at high risk compared with recipients of isolated heart or liver allografts, for development of BKV nephropathy.
The Absence of Phosphorylated Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression in the Purkinje Cells of the Ataxic Mutant Pogo Mouse
Authors: Lee N. S. , Kim C. T. , Han S. Y. , Kawk J. H. , Sawada K. , Fukui Y. , Jeong Y. G. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryThe pogo mouse is a new ataxic autosomal recessive mutant that arose in Korean wild mice (KJR/Mskist). Its ataxic phenotype includes difficulty in maintaining a normal posture and the inability to walk in a straight line. Several studies have reported that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is persistently ectopically expressed in particular subsets of Purkinje cells in a parasagittal banding pattern in several ataxic mutant mice, e.g. tottering alleles and pogo mice. In this present study, we examined the expression of an enzymatically active form of TH and phosphorylated TH at Ser40 (phospho‐TH) by using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence in the cerebellum of pogo mice. TH immunostaining appeared in some Purkinje cells in pogo, but in only a few of Purkinje cells of their heterozygous littermate controls. In all groups of mice, no phospho‐TH immunoreactive Purkinje cells were observed in the cerebellum, although subsets of TH immunoreactive Purkinje cells were found in adjacent sections. This study suggests that TH expression in the Purkinje cells of pogo abnormally increases without activation of this enzyme by phosphorylation. This may mean that TH in the Purkinje cells of these mutants does not catalyse the conversion of tyrosine to l‐DOPA, and is not related to catecholamine synthesis.
A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study of Healthy and Atretic Follicles in the Ovary of the Sexually Immature Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Madekurozwa M.‐C. , Kimaro W. H. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryThe morphology of healthy and atretic follicles in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich was described in the present study. In addition, the distribution of the intermediate filaments desmin, vimentin and smooth muscle actin, in these ovarian follicles, was demonstrated. Healthy and atretic primordial, pre‐vitellogenic and vitellogenic follicles were present in the ovaries of the sexually immature ostrich. Atresia occurred during all stages of follicular development. Atretic primordial and pre‐vitellogenic follicles were characterized by the presence of a shrunken oocyte surrounded by a multilayered granulosa cell layer. Two forms of atresia (types 1 and 2) were identified in vitellogenic follicles. In the advanced stages of type 1 atresia the follicle was dominated by a hyalinized mass. In contrast, in type 2 atresia the granulosa and theca interna cells differentiated into interstitial gland cells. Positive immunostaining for desmin was observed in the granulosa cells of only healthy primordial and pre‐vitellogenic follicles. Atretic primordial and pre‐vitellogenic follicles were immunonegative for desmin. Vimentin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the granulosa cells of all follicles except the vitellogenic atretic follicles. The results of the present study indicate that ovarian follicles in the sexually immature ostrich undergo a cycle of growth and regression, which is similar to that reported in other avian species. Furthermore, based on the results of the immunohistochemical study, it would appear that the distribution and immunostaining of intermediate filaments changes during follicular development and atresia.
Transient Ischaemia Affects Plasma Membrane Glutamate Transporter, not Vesicular Glutamate Transporter, Expressions in the Gerbil Hippocampus
Authors: Kim D.‐S. , Kwak S.‐E. , Kim J.‐E. , Jung J.‐Y. , Won M. H. , Choi S.‐Y. , Kwon O.‐S. , Kang T.‐C. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryIn the present study, we investigated expressions of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) and of the plasma membrane glutamate transporters [glutamate transporter 1 (GLT‐1), glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) and excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC‐1)] in the gerbil hippocampus following transient ischaemia. The expressional levels and distribution patterns of VGLUT immunoreactivities were unaltered until 3 days after ischaemic‐insults. However, VGLUT‐2 immunoreactivity in the CA1 region was reduced at 4 days after ischaemia due to delayed neuronal death. In addition, both GLT‐1 and GLAST immunoreactivities in the CA1 region were enhanced at 30 min – 12 h after ischaemia‐reperfusion and their expression began to reduce at 24 h after ischaemia‐reperfusion. In contrast, EAAC‐1 immunoreactivity was transiently reduced in the CA1 region at 30 min after ischaemia, re‐enhanced at 3–12 h after ischaemia, and re‐reduced at 24 h after ischaemia. These findings suggest that malfunctions of plasma membrane glutamate transporters, not of VGLUT, may play an important role in the elevation of extracellular glutamate concentration following ischaemic insults.
Olaquindox and cyadox stimulate growth and decrease intestinal mucosal immunity of piglets orally inoculated with Escherichia coli
Authors: Ding M.X. , Yuan Z.H. , Wang Y.L. , Zhu H.L. , Fan S.X. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryOne hundred and fifty piglets were randomly allotted to one of six treatments to determine the effects of olaquindox and cyadox on growth and intestinal immune response including the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and immunoglobulin A secreting cells (ASCs) during the three‐week period. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with the following factors: (1) Escherichia coli (O139:K88, 1010 CFU) inoculation or control and (2) no antimicrobials, 100 mg/kg olaquindox and 100 mg/kg cyadox in the basal diet respectively. The antimicrobial supplementations improved (p < 0.01) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the experiment. Average daily gain and FCR in the cyadox‐supplemented pigs were higher (p < 0.05) than those in the olaquindox‐supplemented pigs. Intraepithelial lymphocytes and ASCs decreased (p < 0.05) when the diets were supplemented. Jejunal ASCs in the cyadox‐supplemented pigs were lower (p < 0.05) than those in the olaquindox‐supplemented pigs. Olaquindox and cyadox suppressed E. coli‐induced intestinal immune activation, which may be involved in the observed growth promotion.
Digestion coefficients achieved by the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), a large browsing hindgut fermenter
Authors: Clauss M. , Castell J. C. , Kienzle E. , Dierenfeld E. S. , Flach E. J. , Behlert O. , Ortmann S. , Streich W. J. , Hummel J. , Hatt J.‐M. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryIn contrast to the grazing white (C. simum) and Indian (R. unicornis) rhinoceros, the black rhinoceros (D. bicornis) is an exclusive browser. Due to the particular fermentation characteristics of browse, one would expect browsers to display both shorter ingesta retention times and lower digestion coefficients on comparable diets than grazers. In order to generate a database to test this hypothesis, we performed digestibility studies in eight black rhinoceroses (D. bicornis) from three zoological institutions, using total faecal collection for the quantification of faecal output. One to three regularly fed zoo rations of roughage, concentrates and varying proportions of browse material were used per animal. Additional data was taken from three hitherto unpublished studies as well as several published sources. When compared with horses on similar rations, black rhinoceroses achieved lower digestion coefficients for organic matter and CF. In general, an increase in dietary CF content led to a steeper decrease in organic matter and GE digestibility in black rhinoceroses than in horses. When comparing available data for rhinoceroses, browsing species showed a steeper decrease in organic matter digestibility than grazing species with increasing dietary cell wall content. Endogenous losses as determined by linear regression analysis were within the range reported for horses and Indian rhinoceroses. The results suggest that the horse is not a useful model animal for evaluating diets for black rhinoceroses energetically. In general, diets fed to captive black rhinoceroses seem to include higher proportions of concentrates than diets for other rhinoceros species, and an increase in browse or roughage would reduce digestion coefficients to levels observed in animals fed natural forage.
Actual number of tumor budding as a new tool for the individualization of treatment of T1 colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Masaki Tadahiko , Matsuoka Hiroyoshi , Sugiyama Masanori , Abe Nobutsugu , Sakamoto Atsuhiko , Atomi Yutaka 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Treatment of T1 colorectal carcinomas, either local excision including endoscopic polypectomy or radical surgery, has always been problematic in everyday practice. Although previous studies have revealed that tumor budding at the invasive margin can be a marker for the malignant potential of T1 colorectal carcinomas, the evaluation of tumor budding has not been standardized as yet. In the present study, we attempted to apply the actual number of tumor budding units for the individualization of treatment in T1 colorectal carcinomas.Methods:  In 76 T1 colorectal carcinomas, associations between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological parameters were examined statistically. A mathematical formula for predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis was constructed and decision analysis was attempted to determine individually the indication for additional surgery after endoscopic mucosal resection of T1 colorectal carcinomas.Results:  Of the clinicopathological parameters examined, multivariate analysis showed that the actual number of tumor budding units alone was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. The probability of lymph node metastasis was calculated as Z = 0.07 × (budding counts) − 3.726, probability = 1/1 + e–Z. The more the budding counts, the higher the probability of lymph node metastasis. This formula was able to accurately predict lymph node metastasis in successive cases. The actual number of tumor budding units can be applied to decision analysis in determining an indication for additional surgery after endoscopic mucosal resection of T1 colorectal carcinomas.Conclusions:  The actual number of tumor budding units may be useful in the decision making for patient‐oriented treatment of T1 colorectal carcinomas.
Factors determining post‐colonoscopy abdominal pain: Prospective study of screening colonoscopy in 1000 subjects
Authors: Lee Yi‐Chia , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Chiu Han‐Mo , Lin Chih‐Peng , Huang Shih‐Pei , Lai Yo‐Ping , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Chen Ming‐Fong , Lin Jaw‐Town 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground:  Factors determining post‐colonoscopy abdominal pain remain poorly understood. Accordingly, a prospective study was conducted to reveal the key determinants.Methods:  One thousand consecutive and asymptomatic patients (569 men, 431 women; mean age 51 years, range 19–84 years) undergoing total colonoscopy were evaluated to assess their abdominal pain. Their demographic data, psychological profiles (determined on the Brief Symptom Rating Scale and Maudsley Personality Inventory), and endoscopic findings were treated as independent variables in polytomous logistic regression in which pain severities were treated as outcome variables. Factors affecting the duration of pain were evaluated on multivariate linear regression.Results:  Colonoscopy duration (s; odds ratio [OR]: 1.001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1–1.002, P < 0.01) and female sex (OR: 1.368, 95%CI: 1.02–1.853, P = 0.03) were significantly associated with abdominal pain, but age, body mass index, psychological traits, conscious sedation, use of i.v. hyoscine butylbromide, and colonic preparation were not. Duration of the colonoscopy was longer in female than male subjects (P = 0.04). On stepwise linear regression, irritable bowel syndrome (regression coefficient: 27.47, 95%CI: 6.99–47.67, P < 0.01) and conscious sedation (regression coefficient: −22.17, 95%CI: −42.52 to −1.42, P = 0.036) were the best predictors of prolonged pain in 485 patients who had pain.Conclusions:  Female sex and duration of colonoscopy increased the likelihood of post‐procedural abdominal pain. Conscious sedation temporarily suppressed the pain but had no effect on its occurrence. Irritable bowel syndrome may have prolonged the discomfort.
The Vienna classification applied to colorectal adenomas
Authors: Rubio Carlos A , Nesi Gabriella , Messerini Lucca , Zampi Gian Carlo , Mandai Koichi , Itabashi Masayuki , Takubo Kaiyo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and Aim:  In 1999, a group of Western and Asian pathologists gathered in Vienna reached consensus regarding the classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia. In this study, that classification is applied to colorectal adenomas.Methods:  Colorectal adenomas from 1552 patients were histologically classified according to the categories listed in Vienna: category 3, low‐grade dysplasia; 4.1, high‐grade dysplasia; 4.2, carcinoma in situ; 4.3, suspicious of intramucosal carcinoma; 5.1, intramucosal carcinoma; and 5.2, submucosal carcinoma. The criteria used to diagnose these lesions are described in detail. Adenomas with dysplasia (categories 3 and 4.1) or with carcinoma (categories 4.2, 4.3, 5.1 and 5.2) were analyzed separately. On basis of their configuration, adenomas were classified into tubular, tubulovillous, villous, serrated, microtubular and combined phenotypes (i.e. other than tubulovillous).Results:  The highest percentage of adenomas with carcinoma was found amongst villous adenomas (29.6%), followed by combined adenomas (27.8%). Villous adenoma with carcinoma was the most frequent neoplasia at all ages; combined adenomas with carcinoma were more frequent among younger patients. In elderly patients (≥60 years of age) the highest percentage of adenomas with carcinoma was recorded in villous adenomas (28.1%), followed by serrated adenomas (19.2%). Villous adenomas and combined adenomas with carcinoma were more frequent in males.Conclusion:  The Vienna classification of colorectal adenomas seems to be influenced by parameters inherent to the patient such as age and sex and by the histological phenotype of the adenoma. With the recent improvement in medical technology it is possible to laser‐microdisect a defined group of neoplastic glands (such as with carcinoma in situ or with intramucosal carcinoma) for specific molecular analysis. This modern technology will permit in future the translation of histological structures into molecular terms.
Endoscopic therapy for bleeding esophageal varices improves the outcome of Child C cirrhotic patients
Authors: Hori Shinichiro , Takaki Akinobu , Okada Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Akiko , Takenaka Ryuta , Makidono Chiho , Shiratori Yasushi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Bleeding from esophageal varices is one of the frequent severe complications arising in patients with liver cirrhosis. The management of esophageal varices is therefore important for patient survival. The purpose of this study was to clarify the predictive factors for mortality in patients with Child C cirrhosis presenting with variceal bleeding.Methods:  A retrospective analysis of 77 Child C cirrhotic patients with bleeding from esophageal varices was conducted. All patients received endoscopic therapy. Twenty‐nine patients received endoscopic variceal ligation, and 48 patients received endoscopic injection sclerotherapy or endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with ligation. Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical data were performed to identify the prognostic factors for survival for these 77 patients.Results:  Fifty‐seven of 77 patients received endoscopic therapy within 24 h after variceal bleeding, and bleeding was controlled in 55 (96.5%). The remaining 20 patients received endoscopic therapy more than 24 h after bleeding. Higher bilirubin level and rebleeding were the predictive parameters for 6‐week survival in the 77 patients, according to univariate and multivariate analysis. Higher bilirubin level, refractory ascites, and the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma were the predictive parameters for mortality in 77 patients as determined by multivariate analysis.Conclusions:  Endoscopic therapy was effective in controlling acute variceal bleeding of Child C cirrhotic patients. The prognosis of Child C stage patients presenting with variceal bleeding depended on the severity of liver damage and the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Genetic variability and population structure of dorada (Brycon moorei sinuensisDahl) in the Sinú River, Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: López Liliana 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSix microsatellite loci, isolated forPiaractus mesopotamicus(Characidae, Serrasalminae) were used to evaluate the genetic variability of the dorada (Brycon moorei sinuensis, Characidae, Bryconinae) population in the Sinú River, Córdoba, Colombia, and to facilitate management recommendations for this species. The six loci were polymorphic, with an average of 9.25 alleles for dimeric loci (Pme2, Pme4, Pme5 and Pme20), and five alleles for trimeric loci. Tests for linkage disequilibrium were used to determine that the six loci had an independent distribution. The observed heterozygosities were lower than the expected ones for all loci, and the population was not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium because of heterozygote deficiency.F‐statistics indicated inbreeding and a low population substructure. The homogeneity of the population was confirmed by high values of genetic flux and an agglomerated representation of the individuals, based on factor correspondence analysis. Recent bottlenecks were detected for three sample sites under the assumption of an infinite allele mutation model. Proposals for the management of the dorada population are made and validated with a genetic simulation.