bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial carotid catastrophies encountered by the otolaryngologist
Authors: Robbins Jeffrey B. , Fitz‐Hugh G. Slaughter , Jane John A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractArteriographic studies are utilized to illustrate the presence and document the results of arterial ligation on three intracranial carotid aneurysms. All three aneurysms resulted from trauma, surgical and otherwise, and all presented as otolaryngologic dilemmas. All were successfully controlled by a combined Otolaryngological and Neurosurgical Team employing varying combinations of intra and extra cranial arterial ligations. None developed significant neurological impairments.The two major indications for common or internal carotid ligation are the resection of neoplasm and the control or prevention of hemorrhage. Sixty percent of patients undergoing elective carotid ligation survive these procedures without evidence of neurological sequelae. This uncompromised survival is based upon the presence or rapid development of collateral circulation to the cerebrovascular bed.Further arteriographic studies are employed to illustrate the development of intra and extra cranial collateralization to the internal carotid artery after surgical interruption of the ipsilateral common carotid. The major collateral circuits demonstrated via a case report are as follows: a. from the vertebral artery to the external carotid and hence to the internal carotid; b. from the posterior communicating artery to the internal carotid; and c. from the ophthalmic artery to the internal carotid.
Dmso in otology
Authors: Freeman Gordon R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe most controversial therapeutic agent in the past decade has been dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), an industrial solvent to which great healing‐powers have been attributed. After initial laboratory testing, DMSO was rapidly introduced into veterinarian medicine and clinical medicine as an experimental agent with the ability to relieve pain, reduce swelling and edema in trauma, to show anesthetic, antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory properties when applied topically to the skin. Ninety percent DMSO§ was used alone and in conjunction with alkaloids and antibiotics to test the clinical properties attributed to this drug. Although DMSO was found not to be ototoxic, laboratory and clinical testing which included double blind studies on patients with otological infections demonstrated that DMSO had no antibacterial, anesthetic or anti‐inflammatory properties when applied within the external auditory canal. There was no indication that 90% DMSO, when combined with these various preparations, potentiated or acted synergistically to enhance their penetration through the dermal barrier.
Geniculate neuralgia: Diagnosis and surgical management
Authors: Pulec Jack L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPain in the ear is a common complaint for which patients consult their otolaryngologist. A rare cause is geniculate neuralgia, which has also been called tic douloureux of the nervus intermedius. In its most typical form, it is characterized by severe paroxysmal neuralgic pain centered directly in the ear. The pain may also be of gradual onset and of a dull, persistent nature, with occasional sharp, stabbing pain. The diagnostic features and two new surgical techniques for its treatment are described. Afferent sensory facial nerve fibers are shown to pass not only through the nervus intermedius, but also through the main motor trunk of the facial nerve.Excision of the nervus intermedius and/or of the geniculate ganglion by the middle cranial fossa approach without the production of facial paralysis, in any of 15 cases with geniculate neuralgia is reported. Use of these new techniques, sometimes in combination with selective section of the Vth cranial nerve, has been successful in relieving the pain of geniculate neuralgia.
Effects of head blow on the development of hearing loss
Authors: Makishima Kazumi , Snow James B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe effects of the direction and intensity of the head blow and the effects of the lapse of time after a head blow on the development of hearing‐loss were studied in guinea pigs. The electrical responses from the right inferior colliculus (ER) and from the left round window (CP) to acoustic stimuli were measured. The elevation in threshold of the ER in the presence of normal CP in guinea pigs after a head blow suggests that the site of the lesion is central to the cochlea.
Human stapes crura: Surface bone architecture: Scanning electron microscopic findings
Authors: Graham Malcolm D. , House Howard P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHuman stapes crura obtained at the time of stapedectomy for clinical otosclerosis have been studied after removal of the mucosal and periosteal layers by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and ultrasonification. With the scanning electron microscope, four basic architectural patterns are evident: honeycomb, fibrillar, compact and pitted.The significance of these patterns is as yet unclear, but they do appear to be in intimate relationship one to another and perhaps are varying stages in a single process.
The ototoxic effects of ethacrynic acid in man and animals
Authors: Mat Gregory J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA review of the literature was carried out to summarize the ototoxic effects of ethacrynic acid on man and animal. The effects of this drug on the electrolytes of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic systems, on the cochlear potentials and the auditory cortical‐evoked responses, were reviewed. Histological animal studies determined by light and electron microscopy were described. Potentiation of this drug with previous aminoglycoside therapy was discussed. In this paper, a human case report with temporal bone findings was presented in addition to the histopathological effects of this drug which were shown in a series of animals receiving this drug over a period of time. Edematous and cellular changes in the stria vascularis, especially with animals receiving large doses of the drug, were described. No permanent alterations in the cochlear potentials resulted from the long‐term therapy with ethacrynic acid.
The use of steroids in bell's palsy: A prospective controlled study
Authors: May Mark , Wette Reimut , Hardin William B. , Sullivan John 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA prospective, controlled, double‐blind study was designed to evaluate the effect of steroid treatment on the natural history of Bell's palsy. Fifty‐one patients were included in the study between 1972 and 1974. The patients were evaluated and started on treatment within two days of onset of Bell's palsy and followed for six months. Treatment was given in randomized double‐blind fashion and consisted of either vitamins or a total of 410 mg of prednisone plus vitamins in descending doses over 10 days.The recovery of facial motor function was determined by three physicians who had no knowledge of the treatment received by the patients. They examined photographs of the patients taken six months after onset of paralysis in eight positions of facial function and categorized them as to complete, fair, or poor recovery of facial function. The results of this evaluation were submitted to the biostatistician who broke the treatment code.The results of this study demonstrate no statistically significant beneficial effect of steroid therapy upon recovery from Bell's palsy. Factors considered included the patients' age, sex, the presence of pain, ageusia, hyperacusis, diabetes, hypertension, the progression and degree of palsy, the results of nerve excitability and salivary flow tests, and the time at which recovery was first noted or became complete.
Adenomatous tumors of the middle ear and mastoid
Authors: Derlacki Eugene L. , Barney Philip L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThree cases of middle ear and mastoid neoplasms are reported as “adenomatous tumors” since in their search of the literature the authors did not find any previously described lesions with a similar histologic appearance and benign biologic behavior.Microscopically, all three tumors are similarly composed of solid cords and nests of closely‐packed small cells having an epithelial appearance. Two distinct cell types are present: cuboidal cells, arranged in a rudimentary gland‐like pattern, and angular cells forming irregular nests with no distinct pattern. All three tumors developed in patients in their 20′s, over a period of months with minimal symptoms; yet in all of the lesions the tympanic membrane was intact at the time of initial examination.None of the neoplasms was diagnosed preoperatively, and, once removed, all three tumors were pathologic enigmas and therapeutic problems in view of the initial and subsequent consultant pathologic opinions; nevertheless, total local excision with preservation of the tympanic membrane would appear to be safe treatment in these cases.The term “adenomatous tumor” is applied to these three neoplasms because: 1. a true glandular epithelial origin warranting the term adenoma or adenocarcinoma cannot be proven; and 2. the biologic behavior and prognosis is not necessarily reflected by the histologic appearance. A more specific term reflecting the origin and behavior of these tumors does not appear possible without the study of further cases.
Meningiomas of the temporal bone
Authors: Guzowski Jacobo , Paparella Michael M. , Rao Kommareddi Nageswara , Hoshino Tomoyuki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMeningiomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of otologic tumors arising from the middle ear and mastoid. It is generally recognized that meningiomas may invade the temporal bone via direct extension from the intracranial space (secondary). It is not generally recognized that meningiomas can develop initially in the middle ear cleft (primary).Representative cases of primary and secondary meningiomas of the temporal bone are described, and clinical aspects of diagnosis and surgical management are discussed.In order to assess the pathogenesis of meningiomas of the temporal bone, histological studies were done on 200 temporal bone specimens. In certain specimens, ectopic arachnoid granulations, from which primary meningiomas may originate, were identified and described, according to location. One specimen was most unusual in that it contained ectopic glial as well as arachnoidal tissue.
A critical analysis of current trends in the management of bell's palsy
Authors: Lathrop Frank D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe treatment of Bell's palsy has been a controversial subject for many years. During the past 10 years 152 papers pertaining to this affection of the facial nerve have appeared in the American literature. Ninety‐seven of these were general discussions of the etiology, pathology, prognosis and treatment of this condition; 20 were concerned with ascertaining the status of the facial nerve by electrical tests and four with the activity of the chorda tympani nerve in patients with Bell's palsy. The remaining 31 articles specifically discussed the treatment of Bell's palsy.As a result of this obvious interest in Bell's palsy, one would expect that the treatment of this affection of the facial nerve would be more or less uniform at this time. This is not the case, however, for the literature demonstrates it to be in a state of flux. Although steroid therapy has replaced other regimens of medical therapy to a large extent, surgical intervention still has its proponents. It is interesting to note that at the time of this review of the literature, no report of a controlled, double‐blind study of the efficacy of steroid therapy for Bell's palsy has appeared in the American literature.
The simultaneous binaural bithermal: A caloric test utilizing electronystagmography
Authors: Brookler Kenneth H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe simultaneous irrigation of both external auditory canals with the bithermal stimulus of Fitzgerald and Hallpike yields responses which demonstrate a greater sensitivity than the alternate irrigation of each ear. The responses were recorded utilizing electronystagmography and were compared to the alternate or regular bithermal performed on the same patient.
The knotted wire in stapes surgery: One possible factor in postoperative sensori‐neural hearing loss
Authors: Gorun George , Brookler Kenneth H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn four instances of revision stapedectomy in patients with sensori‐neural hearing loss, with or without dizziness, a wire prosthesis was found with an extention beyond the knot which could impinge on the contents of the vestibule. Four commercially manufactured knotted wire prostheses were examined, and the end of three was found projecting beyond the knot. The wire piercing the membranous labyrinth appears to be one of the factors in causing further sensori‐neural hearing loss after stapedectomy. A wire loop or piston prosthesis should be considered to eliminate the hazard of a trailing end of a knotted wire in stapes surgery.
Cochlear implants: Technical and clinical implications
Authors: Glattke Theodore J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRecent investigations using animal models and human subjects have helped to define the limits which are achievable in terms of information transfer with single‐channel electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. These studies are reviewed, and presented as a context for a description of the development of an implantable multiple‐electrode multiplexing system which may provide control for several stimulus channels. While such a device may enable the stimulation of small segments of the auditory nerve independently, it does not contain any means of complex stimulus analysis and recording. This latter aspect of prosthesis development remains as the most formidable problem, from a technical viewpoint, that stands in the way of any significant progress.
Cardiac and pulmonary failure secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy
Authors: Goodman Roy S. , Goodman Merrill , Gootman Norman , Cohen Herrick 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFor over 15 years, upper respiratory tract obstruction due to adenoton‐sillar hypertrophy has been known to cause hypoxia, hypercapnia, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and thereby cor pulmonale and congestive heart failure. This is now an uncommon but not rare entity and three recent cases prompted this report. The typical patient is dyspneic with retractions, cyanosis, occasional periods of apnea and somnolence. Edema and hepatomegaly and at times splenomegaly are common. X‐rays show cardiomegaly, which on electrocardiogram is found to involved mainly the right ventricle.The strict definition of cor pulmonale is right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung disease or abnormal pulmonary function, a definition that may logically be stretched to include abnormal respiratory function secondary to upper airway pathology. The mechanisms by which this occurs are generally agreed upon. Hypoxia has been demonstrated to cause pulmonary vasoconstriction. Acidosis and hypercapnia are thought by some to have the same effect. Pressure across the pulmonary vascular bed is also increased, as predicted by Poiseuille's law, by the high rate of blood flow required to maintain tissue oxygenation with poorly oxygenated blood.Conditions producing hypoxia of hypercapnia or both lead to hypertrophy and eventually to dilatation of the right ventricle.Three cases of children who underwent cardiac catheterization while suffering from cor pulmonale due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy are reported. Right ventricular pressure averaged 44/5, PAO2 72, pH 7.32, and PACO2 52. All were clinically improved following adenotonsillectomy. Cardiac catheterization was repeated in one case, with right ventricular pressure dropping from 44/5 to 21/2, pulmonary vascular resistance from eight units to three, and PACO2 from 62 to 44.
Acute acromegalic dyspnea
Authors: Dujovny Manuel , Osgood Carroll P. , Segal Ricardo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA case of acute “acromegalic dyspnea” due to vocal cord fixation and subg'lottic mucosal hypertrophy is reported. The patient was treated by intubation, tracheostomy, stereotactic implantation of radioisotopes 192Ir and 198Au via the transsphenoidal route.
Diagnostic value of tomography in unilateral vocal cord paralysis
Authors: Isshiki Nobuhiko , Ishikawa Tomoko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTomographie studies were made on 56 patients with unilateral paralysis of the vocal cord. The findings were examined in relation to etiology, course, and laryngoscopic findings. In 74.1 percent of the cases, marked enlargement of the ventricle was noticed on the side of the paralysis, especially during inhalation.The paralyzed vocal cord was higher than the intact cord during phona‐tion in 46.4 percent of the cases. The rest of the cases (53.6 percent) demonstrated no level difference between the vocal cords. The position of the paralyzed vocal cord, unilateral involvement of the cricothyroid muscle and other neck muscles were suggested as possible contributors to the findings.
Augmentation mentoplasty using polyamide mesh
Authors: Beekhuis G. Jan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAugmentation mentoplasty, a cosmetic surgical procedure to reshape the contour of the mental area, usually is accomplished with the insertion of autogenous graft or alloplastic implant material. Obtaining autogenous graft material has been the major disadvantage of requiring an additional surgical procedure. Alloplastic implant material is widely preferred because of its ready availability, ease of sterilization, capability of being cut, carved, and shaped as desired, and the relatively few postoperative complications that ensue from its use. The possible complications are infection, rejection by the host, displacement (even many years later), and underlying mandibular bone resorption.The author's four‐year experience using polyamide mesh placed supra‐periosteally in 100 patients is reported and the technique is described. Results have been consistently good; no implant has had to be removed or replaced. Other advantages are ease of inserting the polyamide mesh, thus facilitating the surgical procedure, minimal postoperative morbidity or reaction, flexibility in conforming exactly to the shape of the mandible, ingrowth of fibrous tissue thus avoiding late displacement, and providing a natural feel to the reconstructed area. There has been no roentgeno‐graphically demonstrable evidence that suggests bone resorption.
Efficacy and Safety of a Furosemide Continuous Infusion Following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Gulbis Brian E , Spencer Anne P 
Published: September 2006

Objective: To review the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous infusion of loop diuretics following cardiac surgery. Data Sources: Articles were identified through a MEDLINE search (1966–March 2006) using the key words furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide, ethacrynic acid, loop diuretics, continuous infusions, intravenous infusions, surgery, cardiac surgery, cardiovascular surgery, and thoracic surgery. Search results were limited to studies in human subjects published in English. Additional references were identified through review of the bibliographies of the articles cited. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All clinical trials and observational reports identified that evaluated or described the efficacy and/or safety of a continuous infusion of a loop diuretic in adult or pediatric patients who had undergone cardiac surgery were included in this review. Data Synthesis: Loop diuretics are often used to promote diuresis following cardiac surgery. Studies in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery have demonstrated that a more consistent and sustained diuresis is produced by a continuous infusion of furosemide compared with intermittent bolus doses of furosemide. However, there does not appear to be a significant difference in total urine output or change in serum electrolyte levels when furosemide is administered as a continuous infusion compared with intermittent bolus doses. Conclusions: A continuous infusion of furosemide is an effective and safe method of diuresis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
The Extent and Quality of Evidence in Neurological Physiotherapy: An Analysis of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)
Authors: Moseley Anne , Sherrington Catherine , Herbert Robert , Maher Christopher 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEvidence-based practice involves the use of evidence from systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials. The extent of this evidence in neurological physiotherapy has not previously been surveyed. The aim of this study was to describe the quantity and quality of randomised controlled trials, and the quantity and scope of systematic reviews relevant to neurological physiotherapy. PEDro (the Physiotherapy Evidence Database) was searched for trials and reviews relevant to neurological physiotherapy (adult and paediatric). The quality and quantity of trials were analysed, and the topics and conclusions of reviews were synthesised. The search revealed a total of 265 records, consisting of 238 randomised controlled trials and 27 systematic reviews. Since the first trial was published in 1958, the number of trials has expanded exponentially. Fifty-four percent of trials were categorised as being of moderate to high quality, rating five or more out of ten. The first review was published in 1991. Many of the reviews have been unable to reach firm conclusions due to the paucity of available trials. The results show that there is a substantial body of evidence relevant to neurological physiotherapy. However, there remains scope for improvements in the quality of the conduct and reporting of clinical trials. There is an urgent need for more randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews.
Boston Naming Test:: Normative data for older Australians
Authors: Piguet Olivier , Millar Joanne L. , Bennett Hayley P. , Lye Tanya C. , Creasey Helen , Broe G. Anthony 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIndividuals aged over 80 years represent the fastest growing segment of the population. It is becoming increasingly important to investigate the effect of age on cognitive functions such as language, in order to document “normal” and “abnormal” functioning. A task commonly used to test naming ability in clinical practice is the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Although norms exist for this age group, they may have limited applications because of small sample sizes on which they were derived. In addition, this test uses stimulus items that have been shown to be culturally specific. This study presents normative data for the BNT for two levels of education and two age bands based on a randomly selected Australian sample of older adults between the age of 81 and 94 years. Frequencies of the most common error types made in this group of nondemented individuals are also reported.