bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Operational Impact of QuikSCAT Winds in Perth, Australia: Examples and Limitations
Authors: Leslie Lance M. , Buckley Bruce W. , Leplastrier Mark 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The preparation of accurate operational weather forecasts and the timely issuance of severe marine weather and ocean warnings and advisories for major oceanic weather systems impacting both coastal areas and the open ocean are major forecasting problems facing the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s Regional Forecast Centre (RFC) and its collocated Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TCWC) in Perth, Western Australia. The region of responsibility for the Perth RFC is vast, covering a large portion of the southeast Indian and Southern Oceans, both of which are extremely data sparse, especially for near-surface marine wind data. Given that these coastline and open-ocean areas are subject to some of the world’s most intense tropical cyclones, rapidly intensifying midlatitude cyclones, and powerful cold fronts, there is now a heavy reliance upon NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) data for both routine and severe weather warning forecasts.
The focus of this note is on the role of QuikSCAT data in the Perth RFC for the accurate and early detection of maritime severe weather systems, both tropical and extratropical. First, the role of QuikSCAT data is described, and then three cases are presented in which the QuikSCAT data were pivotal in providing forecast guidance. The cases are a severe tropical cyclone in its development phase off the northwest coast of Australia, a strong southeast Indian Ocean cold front, and an explosively developing midlatitude Southern Ocean cyclone. In each case, the Perth RFC would have been unable to provide early and high-quality operational forecast and warning guidance without the timely availability of the QuikSCAT surface wind data.
Transgenic expression of JAK2V617F causes myeloproliferative disorders in mice
Authors: Xing Shu , Wanting Tina Ho , Zhao Wanming , Ma Junfeng , Wang Shaofeng , Xu Xuesong , Li Qingshan , Fu Xueqi , Xu Mingjiang , Zhao Zhizhuang Joe 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The JAK2V617F mutation was found in most patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. We have generated transgenic mice expressing the mutated enzyme in the hematopoietic system driven by a vav gene promoter. The mice are viable and fertile. One line of the transgenic mice, which expressed a lower level of JAK2V617F, showed moderate elevations of blood cell counts, whereas another line with a higher level of JAK2V617F expression displayed marked increases in blood counts and developed phenotypes that closely resembled human essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. The latter line of mice also developed primary myelofibrosis-like symptoms as they aged. The transgenic mice showed erythroid, megakaryocytic, and granulocytic hyperplasia in the bone marrow and spleen, displayed splenomegaly, and had reduced levels of plasma erythropoietin and thrombopoietin. They possessed an increased number of hematopoietic progenitor cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow, and these cells formed autonomous colonies in the absence of growth factors and cytokines. The data show that JAK2V617F can cause MPDs in mice. Our study thus provides a mouse model to study the pathologic role of JAK2V617F and to develop treatment for MPDs.
The comparative analysis of statistics, based on the likelihood ratio criterion, in the automated annotation problem
Authors: Leontovich Andrey M , Tokmachev Konstantin Y , van Houwelingen Hans C 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
This paper discusses the problem of automated annotation. It is a continuation of the previous work on the A4-algorithm (Adaptive algorithm of automated annotation) developed by Leontovich and others.

Results
A number of new statistics for the automated annotation of biological sequences is introduced. All these statistics are based on the likelihood ratio criterion.

Conclusion
Some of the statistics yield a prediction quality that is significantly higher (up to 1.5 times higher) in comparison with the results obtained with the A4-procedure.
Crucial role of zebrafish prox1in hypothalamic catecholaminergic neurons development
Authors: Pistocchi Anna , Gaudenzi Germano , Carra Silvia , Bresciani Erica , Del Giacco Luca , Cotelli Franco 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background

Prox1, the vertebrate homolog of prospero in Drosophila melanogaster, is a divergent homeogene that regulates cell proliferation, fate determination and differentiation during vertebrate embryonic development.

Results
Here we report that, in zebrafish, prox1 is widely expressed in several districts of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Specifically, we evidenced prox1 expression in a group of neurons, already positive for otp1, located in the hypothalamus at the level of the posterior tuberculum (PT). Prox1 knock-down determines the severe loss of hypothalamic catecholaminergic (CA) neurons, identified by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, and the synergistic prox1/otp1 overexpression induces the appearance of hypothalamic supernumerary TH-positive neurons and ectopic TH-positive cells on the yolk epitelium.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that prox1 activity is crucial for the proper development of the otp1-positive hypothalamic neuronal precursors to their terminal CA phenotype.
The Involvement of Bax in Zinc-Induced Mitochondrial Apoptogenesis in Malignant Prostate Cells
Authors: Feng Pei , Li Tieluo , Guan Zhixin , Franklin Renty B , Costello Leslie C 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
The development and progression of prostate cancer requires the transformation of normal zinc-accumulating epithelial cells to malignant cells that have lost the ability to accumulate zinc. This metabolic transformation is essential so that the tumor suppressive effects of zinc can be eliminated and the malignant process can proceed. One of the major effects of zinc is its prevention of prostate cell growth by its induction of apoptosis. The accumulation of cellular zinc has a direct effect on the mitochondria that results in the release of cytochrome c, which initiates the caspase cascade that leads to apoptosis. This effect is associated with the mitochondrial pore-forming process, but the mechanism by which zinc induces the release of cytochrome c and induces mitochondrial apoptogenesis has not been resolved. The present report provides for the first time information that implicates Bax in the zinc induction of mitochondrial apoptogenesis.

Results
The effects of zinc treatment on the Bax levels of PC-3 cells and on the mitochondria were determined. The exposure of isolated mitochondria to zinc results in an increase in membrane bound Bax, which is due to the mitochondrial insertion of endogenous resident Bax. The mitochondrial Bax/Bcl-2 ratio is increased by zinc treatment. Zinc treatment of PC-3 cells also increases the mitochondrial level of Bax. In addition, zinc treatment increases the cellular level of Bax and the cellular Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Down regulation of Bax in PC-3 cells eliminates the zinc induction of apoptosis. The increase in cellular Bax level appears to involve zinc induction of Bax gene expression.

Conclusion
This report extends and confirms that physiological levels of zinc induce apoptosis in prostate cells. The study provides evidence that zinc is directly involved in facilitating a Bax-associated pore formation process that initiates mitochondrial apoptogenesis. This is enhanced by an additional effect of zinc on increasing the cellular level of Bax. To avoid the anti-tumor apoptogenic effects of zinc, the malignant cells in prostate cancer posses genetic/metabolic adaptations that prevent the cellular accumulation of zinc.
Intratracheal dopamine attenuates pulmonary edema and improves survival after ventilator-induced lung injury in rats
Authors: Chamorro-Marín Virginia , García-Delgado Manuel , Touma-Fernández Angel , Aguilar-Alonso Eduardo , Fernández-Mondejar Enrique 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Intoduction
Clearance of alveolar oedema depends on active transport of sodium across the alveolar-epithelial barrier. β-Adrenergic agonists increase clearance of pulmonary oedema, but it has not been established whether β-agonist stimulation achieves sufficient oedema clearance to improve survival in animals. The objective of this study was to determine whether the increased pulmonary oedema clearance produced by intratracheal dopamine improves the survival of rats after mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (HVT).

Methods
This was a randomized, controlled, experimental study. One hundred and thirty-two Wistar-Kyoto rats, weighing 250 to 300 g, were anaesthetized and cannulated via endotracheal tube. Pulmonary oedema was induced by endotracheal instillation of saline solution and mechanical ventilation with HVT. Two types of experiment were carried out. The first was an analysis of pulmonary oedema conducted in six groups of 10 rats ventilated with low (8 ml/kg) or high (25 ml/kg) tidal volume for 30 or 60 minutes with or without intratracheally instilled dopamine. At the end of the experiment the animals were exsanguinated and pulmonary oedema analysis performed. The second experiment was a survival analysis, which was conducted in two groups of 36 animals ventilated with HVT for 60 minutes with or without intratracheal dopamine; survival of the animals was monitored for up to 7 days after extubation.

Results
In animals ventilated at HVT with or without intratracheal dopamine, oxygen saturation deteriorated over time and was significantly higher at 30 minutes than at 60 minutes. After 60 minutes, a lower wet weight/dry weight ratio was observed in rats ventilated with HVT and instilled with dopamine than in rats ventilated with HVT without dopamine (3.9 ± 0.27 versus 4.9 ± 0.29; P = 0.014). Survival was significantly (P = 0.013) higher in animals receiving intratracheal dopamine and ventilated with HVT, especially at 15 minutes after extubation, when 11 of the 36 animals in the HVT group had died as compared with only one out of the 36 animals in the HVT plus dopamine group.

Conclusion
Intratracheal dopamine instillation increased pulmonary oedema clearance in rats ventilated with HVT, and this greater clearance was associated with improved survival.
Occult Axillary Node Metastases in Breast Cancer Are Prognostically Significant: Results in 368 Node-Negative Patients With 20-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Tan Lee K. , Giri Dilip , Hummer Amanda J. , Panageas Katherine S. , Brogi Edi , Norton Larry , Hudis Clifford , Borgen Patrick I. , Cody Hiram S. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose In breast cancer, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy allows the routine performance of serial sections and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to detect occult metastases missed by conventional techniques. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal method for pathologic examination of SLN, or the prognostic significance of SLN micrometastases. Patients and Methods In 368 patients with axillary node-negative invasive breast cancer, treated between 1976 and 1978 by mastectomy, axillary dissection, and no systemic therapy, we reexamined the axillary tissue blocks following our current pathologic protocol for SLN. Occult lymph node metastases were categorized by pattern of staining (immunohistochemically positive or negative [IHC±], hematoxylin-eosin staining positive or negative [H & E ±]), number of positive nodes (0, 1, > 1), number of metastatic cells (0, 1 to 20, 21 to 100, > 100), and largest cluster size (≤ 0.2 mm [pN0i+], 0.3 to 2.0 mm [pN1mi], > 2.0 mm [pN1a]). We report 20-year results as overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific death (DSD). Results A total of 23% of patients (83 of 368) were converted to node-positive. Of these, 73% were ≤ 0.2 mm in size (pN0i+), 20% were 0.3 to 2.0 mm (pN1mi), and 6% were more than 2 mm (pN1a). On univariate and multivariate analysis, pattern of staining, number of positive nodes, number of metastatic cells, and cluster size were all significantly related to both DFS and DSD. On multivariate analysis, each of these measures had significance comparable to, or greater than, tumor size, grade or lymphovascular invasion. Conclusion In breast cancer patients staged node-negative by conventional single-section pathology, occult axillary node metastases detected by our current pathologic protocol for SLN are prognostically significant.
Dose- and Schedule-Dependent Inhibition of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway With Everolimus: A Phase I Tumor Pharmacodynamic Study in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Rojo Federico , Calvo Emiliano , Burris Howard , Judson Ian , Hazell Katharine , Martinelli Erika , Cajal Santiago Ramon y , Jones Suzanne , Vidal Laura , Shand Nicholas , Macarulla Teresa , Ramos Francisco Javier , Dimitrijevic Sasa , Zoellner Ulrike , Tang Pui , Stumm Michael , Lane Heidi A. , Lebwohl David , Baselga José 
Published: March 2008

Purpose Everolimus is a selective mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor with promising anticancer activity. In order to identify a rationally based dose and schedule for cancer treatment, we have conducted a tumor pharmacodynamic phase I study in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients and Methods Fifty-five patients were treated with everolimus in cohorts of 20, 50, and 70 mg weekly or 5 and 10 mg daily. Dose escalation depended on dose limiting toxicity (DLT) rate during the first 4-week period. Pre- and on-treatment steady-state tumor and skin biopsies were evaluated for total and phosphorylated (p) protein S6 kinase 1, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (elF-4E) binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF-4G), AKT, and Ki-67 expression. Plasma trough levels of everolimus were determined on a weekly basis before dosing during the first 4 weeks. Results We observed a dose- and schedule-dependent inhibition of the mTOR pathway with a near complete inhibition of pS6 and peIF-4G at 10 mg/d and ≥ 50 mg/wk. In addition, pAKT was upregulated in 50% of the treated tumors. In the daily schedule, there was a correlation between everolimus plasma trough concentrations and inhibition of peIF4G and p4E-BP1. There was good concordance of mTOR pathway inhibition between skin and tumor. Clinical benefit was observed in four patients including one patient with advanced colorectal cancer achieving a partial response. DLTs occurred in five patients: one patient at 10 mg/d (grade 3 stomatitis) and four patients at 70 mg/wk (two with grade 3 stomatitis, one with grade 3 neutropenia, and one with grade 3 hyperglycemia). Conclusion Everolimus achieved mTOR signaling inhibition at doses below the DLT. A dosage of 10 mg/d or 50 mg/wk is recommended for further development.
Excited State Relaxation Processes of Naphthalocyanatovanadium(IV) oxide in Polymer Films for Ultrafast All-optical Modulation in the Near-infrared Region
Authors: Tomita Daisuke , Ito Fuyuki , Nagamura Toshihiko 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Excited state relaxation process of naphthalocyanatovanadium(IV) oxide (VONc) in solutions and in polymer films was studied by transient absorption measurements. The transient absorption decay of VONc in polymer films is faster than that in toluene solution. The excitation power dependence and weight fraction dependence of the excited state dynamics and absorption spectrum suggests that the aggregation of VONcs contributes to faster decay from singlet excited state. The aggregation of VONc is concluded to be useful to ultrafast all-optical light modulation in the near-infrared region.
Integrierte Homiletik Die Einheit der Predigtlehre im Begriff des Handelns
Authors: Haizmann Albrecht 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The re-orientation of Protestant homiletics during the last thirty years – moving away from Barthian dogmatics of preaching towards practical questions and empirical issues – has enriched this discipline with a vast diversity of new and valuable perspectives. At the same time, it has given rise to dangers of disintegration among the diverse interests and tendencies. Because of these dangers, both preaching and teaching about preaching are challenged more than ever to combine empirical with theological perspectives. Practical preaching needs a theoretical foundation, moreover, an integrating category for both the theoretical foundation and the practical action of preaching. This competence, Haizmann argues, can be found in the category of “acting” in the special sense of speech acts (Searle), for which ethics is also necessary. As the German preacher and theologian Franz Theremin (1780-1846) claimed in his major work “Die Beredsamkeit eine Tugend oder Grundlinien einer systematischen Rhetorik” (Berlin 1814), this is made possible by defi ning “eloquence” (the art of speech) as a virtue and describing the theory and practice of preaching in the context of an ethically founded systematic rhetoric.
Are You a Man or a Mouse?
Authors: Herrmann Janne Rothmar 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAre you a man or a mouse? This expression is used to encourage someone to be brave when they are frightened of doing something. It is also an expression which bears associations to John Steinbeck's novella Of Mice and Men, the title of which is taken from Robert Burns' poem to a Mouse, which is often quoted as “the best-laid plans of mice and men often go awry”. Thus, the title's ambiguity sketches not only the issue at stake in the current debate on the creation of chimera, hybrids and cybrids (cytoplasmic hybrids) for research, but also provocatively encourages us to regard this new possibility as an important step towards fulfilling the golden promises of stem cell research while simultaneously summarizing the worry that the creation of interspecies organisms is a slippery slope towards “the apocalyptic end of humanity”.
Patent Protection for Biotechnology in China: the Current Legislation and the Proposed Third Amendment
Authors: Zhan Ying 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article addresses the Chinese legislation on patent protection for biotechnology. Section I presents a brief overview of China's intellectual property right protection regime for biotechnology; Section II describes the China's current patent legislation on biotechnology. Since April 2005, China has lunched the third amendment to its Patent Law. The related information of the third amendment to Chinese biotechnology patent policy is provided in the final section.
Accounting for moral judgments in academic talk: The case of a conversation analysis data session
Authors: Antaki Charles , Biazzi Michela , Nissen Anette , Wagner Johannes 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article explores one aspect of scholarly work as a situated practice: the way that, in a conversation analysis group data session, scholars juggle their technical talk with personal value judgments ostensibly inappropriate to the practices of this particular branch of the social sciences. We see how value judgments are handled, and what visible part they play in proceeding with the formal, institutionally provided for, technical analysis. In the case we explore, some members of a routine data session (the authors) expressed negative evaluative views of the actions of a participant in the video they were analyzing, which at various points they characterized as ‘cynical’, ‘begging’, and ‘a shocker’. We show the data-session participants' orientation to these moral judgments, and their search for resolution in safely technical terms. Our interest is in bringing to light the workings of a routine piece of scholarly teamwork, not often subject to scrutiny; and to reveal how accountability plays its part in scholars' management of competing institutional, and personal, identities.
Concessive constructions in English business letter discourse
Authors: Vergaro Carla 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the pragmatic use of concessive constructions in business letter discourse. In linguistics, concession has been analyzed primarily within concessive clauses, which have been widely studied, either alone or compared with other syntactic categories such as adversative, causal, or conditional clauses. The term ‘concessive’ itself belongs to the terminology developed within traditional grammar to classify adverbials and adverbial clauses. Heretofore, less attention has been paid to the pragmatic use of concession, i.e., the way in which concessive constructions strategically function within a specific context. The context under analysis in this paper is that of the ‘business letter’ genre. Analysis of a corpus of English business letters shows that concessive constructions are used in this genre both for propositional (or ideational) and procedural (or interpersonal) reasons. This paper considers only the second to be truly pragmatic. Preference for the first or second strategy depends on the text types belonging to the genre. When procedural reasons prevail, concession is mostly introduced for politeness reasons, politeness being one of the factors constantly at play in business exchanges.
Wo lag das neutestamentliche Emmaus (Lukas 24,13)?
Authors: Riesner Rainer 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The location of Emmaus named in the Gospel of Luke is discussed. The article argues against the hypothesis of C.P. Thiede who proposed that Emmaus should be identified with Moza-Kalonije. The mention of this place as Ammaous in the manuscript tradition of Flavius Josephus is only a secondary varia lectio. In the Early Christianity Moza-Kalonije was never connected with the tradition of the Gospel of Luke. The small city of Nikopolis/Amwas, however, was considered as the place named by the Gospel of Luke from the 3rd century onwards. Perhaps the mention in the fragments of the Chronographiae of Julius Africanus hints to the fact that this is an old tradition, belonging perhaps to the 1st century. That Emmaus is named κώμη in Luke 24,13.28 is not a strong classification (in opposition to town), but only a current title of a smaller settlement. For the distance between Jerusalem and Nikopolis/Amwas the varia lectio of 60 stadia could be the older one, later corrected to 160 stadia. In any case, it is possible to reach even Nikopolis/Amwas during one day by foot.
Diatessaron-Zitate bei Theodor von Mopsuestia?
Authors: Gerber Simon 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
This miscelle deals with the quotations from the gospels in the Syriac version of Theodore of Mopsuestia's catechetical homilies. Many of these quotations correspond with Syriac gospel texts that are earlier than Peshitta. In one passage of Homily 14 a mixed quotation from the gospels could also be infl uenced by the old Gospel Harmony “Diatessaron”.