bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of continuum and lattice particle distribution on the percolation threshold for spherical particles in 3D
Authors: Ruiz Vargas Arturo , García Pacheco Georgina , López Monroy Alfredo , Esteban Munguía Cervantes Jacobo , Hiram Calvo Castro Francisco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Percolation theory is relevant in research on composite materials because it allows the estimation of the percolation threshold, fc
, which is the critical volumetric fraction at which the phase transition occurs, where they begin to dominate the properties of the filler material over those of the matrix.
There are two main focuses for modelling percolation: continuum or lattice percolation. In the first, the particles are distributed freely in space, and in the second, they are positioned on the sites of a lattice, which could influence the calculated percolation threshold.
Given that in composite materials, particles of the filler are distributed freely on the matrix, in this study, we developed a computational model for estimating the percolation threshold for spherical particles in 3D, under the continuum percolation approach. The results are compared with those obtained with a previous model for lattice percolation, to observe the effect of the modelling focus on the percolation threshold.
Drying technologies utilized to preserve persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.): A review
Authors: Nathania Friska , Nurkhoeriyati Tina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Persimmons (Diospyros kaki L.) are consumed in many countries and are believed to provide medicinal and health benefits. Thus, research on persimmon fruits is intriguing. It is anticipated that the demand for persimmon fruit potentially increase. However, the shelf life of persimmon fruit is one of the difficulties. Persimmon fruits are perishable and readily deteriorate due to their contents. Post-harvest technology utilization, particularly the drying technique, is crucial in preserving and enhancing fruit quality following harvest. This narrative review discusses the impact of drying techniques on the quality of persimmon fruits. However, most of the studies on the drying of persimmon fruit evaluated post-process quality without considering the dynamic changes in the products during the drying process. Hence, to better understand it, an in-process quality inspection during drying is essential to conduct. In addition, investigating the cumulative impact of the processes on product quality is worth further study.
Supplementation of dried Porphyra alga (nori) improves antioxidant activity and isoflavone bioavailability of tempeh
Authors: Surya Reggie , Tedjakusuma Felicia , Rombot Olifia , Nugroho David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tempeh, a traditional Indonesian food product derived from the fermentation of soybeans by Rhizopus molds, is recognized for its essential nutrients and potential health benefits as a functional food. Recent advancements aim to enhance tempeh’s functional value, notably through the supplementation of algae. This research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 3, which focuses on health and well-being, by exploring the antioxidant activity and isoflavone profile of tempeh co-fermented with Porphyra, a red alga commercially known as nori. The results indicated that alga supplementation (at concentrations of 2.5% and 5% w/w) significantly increased the antioxidant activity of tempeh, as expressed by free radical scavenging ability. Moreover, algal supplementation in tempeh increased the hydrolysis of isoflavone glucosides into isoflavone aglycones, thus potentially improving the bioavailability of isoflavones in human body. Taken together, these findings suggest that alga-supplemented tempeh could be developed as a novel antioxidant food, thus enhancing its functional properties and contributing to improved health outcomes.
Analysis of forest area management development strategy at UPT Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park, Indonesia
Authors: Sembiring Leo Bilyanto , Samsuri  , Slamet Bejo , Latifah Siti , Zahrah Ma’rifatin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Great Forest Park is a forest area with a conservation function and aims to be a collection of plants and/or animals used for research, science, and education, to support cultivation, culture, tourism, and recreation. Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park as a Nature Conservation Area has the potential for biological natural resources and ecosystems. This area has a lot of potential tourist attractions but has not been fully identified or managed. The objectives of this research are as follows: identifying potential natural tourism objects and attractions and formulating forest area management strategies in the Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park. The research method uses SWOT analysis. The research results show that the position of the forest area management strategy that can be implemented in the Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park is in quadrant three (III) or in a position that supports the WO (Weakness Opportunity) development strategy. The strategy that can be implemented is to utilize the support of the parties to fulfill personnel, improve facilities and infrastructure, create work opportunities around the area, maximize technology for promotion, and implement policies for optimal management of ecotourism.
Utilization of kepok banana starch bioplastic spoons: effects of areca nut peel cellulose and glycerol additions
Authors: Dalimunthe Nisaul Fadilah , Tjandra Thiodorus Marvin , Ambarita Evelyn Damayanti , Barus Lydia Esterlita , Thoriq Al Fath M. , Sidabutar Rivaldi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The widespread use of plastic spoons in food packaging has led to a significant increase in environmental plastic waste. This study focuses on developing and characterizing bioplastic spoons using starch extracted from kepok banana peels as the main component. The study incorporates areca nut peel cellulose as a reinforcing agent and glycerol as a plasticizer. In this study, different cellulose concentrations (0%, 5%, 15%, and 20% by weight of starch) and glycerol volumes (0 mL, 2 mL, 3 mL, and 5 mL) were employee, while maintaining constant mass of kepok banana peel starch (8 g) and distilled water (150 mL). The study consisted of four key phases: extracting starch, obtaining cellulose, fabricating the bioplastic spoons, and conducting characterization tests. The characterizations phase involved the assessment of physical properties, such as density, water uptake, and water content, as well as the analysis of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. The bioplastic spoon formulation containing 20% cellulose and 2 mL glycerol demonstrated the best characteristics, with a density of 1.141 g/mL, water uptake of 53.14%, and water content of 13.174%. FTIR spectroscopic also verified the successful incorporation of starch, cellulose, and glycerol components within the fabricated bioplastic spoon matrix. Moreover, the identification of specific functional groups provided evidence for the inherent biodegradability of the spoon. The fabricated bioplastic spoon exhibits significant potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly substitute for conventional plastic spoons, thus addressing the environmental concerns associated with plastic waste usage.
Carbon tax policy in achieving Indonesia’s nationally determined contribution target year 2030
Authors: Thamrin Muhammad Husni , Nasution Faiz Albar , Nuryadin Deden 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the efficacy of carbon tax policies and carbon trading mechanisms in facilitating Indonesia’s attainment of its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets by 2030. Employing a literature review methodology, the research synthesizes insights from a broad spectrum of sources, including peer-reviewed academic journals, governmental reports, international policy documents, and empirical studies. The focus lies on analyzing the implementation strategies, impacts, and challenges associated with global carbon pricing initiatives, with particular attention to their relevance and effectiveness within Indonesia’s unique socio-economic and environmental context. Key criteria for inclusion encompasses studies offering comprehensive analyses of policy outcomes, economic implications, environmental benefits, and social considerations related to carbon pricing mechanisms. Utilizing thematic analysis, the study identifies recurring themes and critical perspectives, while comparative and trend analyses elucidate variations in policy effectiveness across different jurisdictions and evolving approaches over time. The synthesized findings aim to provide nuanced recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders, guiding the design and implementation of tailored carbon pricing policies that align with Indonesia’s climate goals while promoting sustainable development objectives.
The Effect of vegetation density on infiltration rate in the Suso Watershed
Authors: Wahyuni  , Habir Warda Wiyana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research was conducted in the Suso Watershed, Luwu Regency, as a respond to the decrease in forest area, which can lead to a decrease in vegetation density and reduce the forest’s ability to act as a natural filter capable of absorbing, storing, and infiltrating rainwater into the soil, known as infiltration capacity. This poses a significant potential for flood disasters in the Suso Watershed, Luwu Regency. Therefore, the aims of this research are: (1) to analyze the vegetation density level using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), (2) to analyze the infiltration rate at various levels of vegetation density, (3) to analyze the physical properties of the soil at various levels of vegetation density, and (4) to analyze the relationship between the influence of vegetation density and soil physical properties on the infiltration rate in the Suso Watershed. The research method employed was a survey of NDVI greenness data to represent the level of vegetation density in the field using Image J, followed by the measurement of infiltration rates using a double ring infiltrometer and soil sampling at each observation point for the analysis of soil physical properties, including texture, porosity, permeability, and organic matter content. The results showed that NDVI greenness level aligns with the level of vegetation density in the field. Furthermore, the lowest to highest infiltration rates at each vegetation density level were sparse density (88.56 mm/hour), medium density (97.87 mm/hour), and dense density (207.20 mm/hour). The physical properties of the soil at the study location varied according to the level of vegetation density. Statistical test results indicated an influence of vegetation density on the infiltration rate with R2 = 48.6%, showing a linear and positive relationship, whereas the relationship between soil physical properties and the infiltration rate showed a stronger relationship with R2 = 91.6%, also positive. It can be concluded that both vegetation density and soil physical properties positively influence the infiltration rate in the Suso Watershed.
Characteristics of wood adhesive made of gambier from Dairi and Pakpak Bharat, North Sumatra
Authors: Sucipto Tito , Lumbantoruan Toba Wijaya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plywood is a processed wood derivative product with a growing demand. Over the past few decades, adhesives based on urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, resorcinol formaldehyde, and polystyrene, derived from petroleum, have been used in manufacture process. These adhesives are expensive and often cause harmful effects on health. According to several studies, UF and PF adhesives contain about 1-3% free formaldehyde. In this study, the adhesive used release free formaldehyde of 0.13-1.21%, which is relatively low. Gambier is a vegetable material with abundant condensed tannins (catechins) and is able to react with phenol and formaldehyde. The formaldehyde scavenger properties of gambier make it potential as an environmentally friendly adhesive. Previously, gambier adhesives were only used for particleboard. However, this study used gambier as an adhesive with added phenol and formaldehyde for plywood, resulting in a product called Gambier Phenol Formaldehyde (GPF). This study aims to analyze the characteristics and quality of GPF adhesives. The adhesive is prepared from gambier obtained from Dairi and Pakpak Bharat in North Sumatra with five formulations (G/P/F): 100/0/0, 100/0/27, 100/6/27, 100/15/27, and 100/21/27. The adhesive successfully glues the plywood with a layer arrangement of 1.5-3.0-1.5 through a hot felt process. The resulting plywood only meets the standards for interior use because it does not pass the test according to SNI 01-5008.7-1999/SNI 01-2023-1990 exterior type II. The best adhesive formulation is Dairi-100/15/27, which has the highest adhesive strength value of 7.12 kg/cm².
Analysis of community perceptions and behaviors towards forest environmental services in mitigating human-wildlife conflicts
Authors: Sulistiyono Nurdin , Ahda Muhdaril , Zahira Ainun , Pasha Shahnaz Dwi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The conflict between humans and wildlife is a critical concern that can destroy human and natural resources. The greatest contribution to human-wildlife conflicts is the destruction of forests as wildlife habitats, causing wildlife to go to human settlements to find other food resources. Collecting data from community perceptions and behavior is needed as an initial step in mitigating human-wildlife conflict. This study was conducted in villages near the forest of the VI Besitang National Park Management Section, Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between behavior and community perceptions regarding forest environmental services in mitigating human-wildlife conflict. Spearmen correlation analysis is used to see the relationship. The results of Spearman’s correlation test showed that people’s perceptions that conflict could cause economic losses had a positive relationship with people’s behavior in improving forests as wildlife habitats with a value of 0.248 (sig <0.05).
Anatomical structures and fiber quality of Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) from agroforestry system
Authors: Anna Nelly , Herawati Evalina , Pebrianti Sulivia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of jabon wood in its use based on its anatomical structure and fiber quality. Anatomical structures included both macroscopic and microscopic features. Microscopic features were observed in microtomic and maceration preparations. The maceration refered to the Forest Product Laboratory (FPL) method. The results of macroscopic properties were that the jabon wood was light yellow, the direction of the fibers was straight, the texture was rather rough, the impression of the touch was somewhat slippery and the level of hardness was rather hard. Hardwood and sapwood were almost indistinguishable. The results of the microscopic property test were that the pore frequency ranged from 4-10 per mm2, the pore diameter ranged from 123-181 μm, and the pore length ranged from 143-202 μm. The radius frequency ranges from 6-8, the radius width ranges from 39-56 μm, and the radius length ranges from 423-568 μm. Fiber length ranges from 1,260-1,765 μm, fiber diameter ranges from 28-38 μm, lumen diameter ranges from 12-38 μm and fiber wall thickness is 8-12 μm. The results of the assessment of pulp raw materials, obtained a total score of 175. Thus, 13-year-old jabon wood planted with an agroforestry system can be classified as a quality III fiber, and its use can be directed as an alternative raw material for pulp.
Effects of board density on the properties of hybrid particleboard from kemenyan wood and belangke bamboo
Authors: Iswanto Apri Heri , Lumban Raja Bernando Syahputra , Nabila  , Hakim Luthfi , Fatriasari Widya , Adly Rahandi Lubis M. , Rogoziński Tomasz , Kim Nam Hun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
North Sumatra has several types of local plants with the potential to be developed as raw materials in the manufacture of particleboard, such as kemenyan wood and belangke bamboo. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of density on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from belangke bamboo strands and kemenyan wood shavings. The products obtained had a 25x25 cm2 size with a target thickness of 1 cm and density of 0.50 g/cm3 (Type A), 0.60 g/cm3 (Type B), and 0.70 g/cm3 (Type C). Particleboard consisted of three layers, including face, core, and back with a ratio of 1:2:1. The face and back were produced using belangke bamboo strands, while the core was made from kemenyan wood shavings. Subsequently, the pressing process was carried out using a hot press at 160°C, with a press time and pressure of 5 minutes and 30 kg/cm2, respectively. The conditioning process was then conducted for 14 days at room temperature, followed by the cutting of the test sample in line with the procedures outlined in JIS A 5908-2003. The results showed that density of particleboard affected the physical and mechanical properties. In addition, the variable had a negative correlation with the parameters of moisture content (MC), water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS) as well as a positive correlation with modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bond (IB). The results also revealed that density value, MC, WA, and TS of the product ranged from 0.45 to 0.65g/cm3, 9.62 to11.72 %, 73.95 to 118.92%, and 16.81 to 22.61%, respectively. In terms of mechanical properties, MOE, MOR, and IB ranged from 22.414 to 44.848 kg/cm2, 178.97 to 226.21 kg/cm2, and 1.46 to 3.11 kg/cm2, respectively. Therefore, the parameters tested met JIS A5908-2003 standards except for TS of the board.
An insight into the development of songket prototype made of yarn derived from oil palm trunk fibers
Authors: Nuryawan Arif , Risnasari Iwan , Sinaga Nella Valensia , Syarfina Tengku , Stanes Elyse R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work interconnected between human, culture, and technology in term of preserving songket, a traditional handwoven fabric, constructed by levering the yarn to be woven with other yarn using a non-machine weaving apparatus. To bring back the glory of natural fibers, this study aims to utilize oil palm trunk fibers as the raw material of the yarn for making songket. Methods of this experiment were included preparation of the material, collection of fibers by mechanical procedure, creation of the yarn by twisting of the fibers including addition of adhesive, and evaluation of the yarn including formation the songket prototype. Results of this work showed dimension of the length of the oil palm trunk fibers after mechanical treatment was 980 + 304 μm (moderate) and the diameter was 27+5 μm (large). The physical properties were 8.32+1.48 % for moisture content and 0.87+0.06 for specific gravity. After twisting of five fibers becoming yarn, the resulted Tex or grams of the yarn per kilometres were 40+8 Tex (without adhesive) and 75+9 Tex (with adhesive). Mechanical tests of the yarn were included tensile strength and the elongation. The values were 37+31 MPa and 4.6+1.9 % (without adhesive) and 24+12 MPa and 5.0+1.8 % (with adhesive). All these values indicated that these yarns were able to be woven as songket prototype however addition of the adhesive only influenced on the tex not the strength of the yarn.
Processing characteristics and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber filled with varying amounts of silica
Authors: Surya I , Sadanta R , Sukeksi L , Sidabutar R , Hayeemasae N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study investigates the influence of varying amounts of silica on the processing characteristics and mechanical properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) compounds. The silica was recovered from fly ash, the solid waste of the coal-burning process. SBR, widely applied as raw rubber in rubber manufacturers for its favourable balance of properties, was compounded with varying silica amounts to determine the optimal formulation for enhanced performance. The research examines the effects on processing and mechanical including cure time, scorch time, elongation at break, tensile strength, and hardness. Results indicate that the incorporation of fly ash-based silica significantly improves the properties of SBR compounds. Increased silica amount enhances tensile strength and shore A hardness, though it also leads to a lowering in elongation at break. The study also finds that silica affects the processing characteristics, with higher silica amounts resulting in longer cure and scorch times. Furthermore, the distribution quality of silica within the SBR molecule was a critical feature influencing the overall performance of the compounds. The comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the optimal silica content for achieving desired mechanical properties and processing characteristics in SBR compounds, offering practical guidelines for the rubber industry in developing high-performance materials.
Competitiveness analysis of ecotourism development in Pattunuang nature tourism area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Maros Regency
Authors: Asrianny  , Paotonan Yovanka Marsanda , Nasri  , Nuraini  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study analyses tourism competitiveness for ecotourism development in Pattunuang Asue Tourism Area (PNTA), Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was conducted in Pattunuang Asue Tourism Area, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Maros Regency in July 2023. The data analysis used are qualitative and quantitative, namely by calculating the tourism competitiveness index by including eight competitiveness indicators from the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), namely Human Tourism Indicator (HTI), Price Competitiveness Indicator (PCI), Infrastructure Development Indicator (IDI), Environment Indicator (EI), Technology Advancement Indicator (TAI), Human Resources Indicator (HRI), Openness Indicator (OI), dan Social Development Indicator (SDI). The results showed that the level of tourism competitiveness of PNTA was in the medium competitiveness category with an average index value of 0.49. The indicator with the highest competitiveness value is SDI, with an average index value of 0.70, and the indicator with the lowest competitiveness are TAI and OI, with the average index value of 0.20 and 0.29, respectively. These results underscore the importance of targeted development strategies to enhance PNTA’s competitiveness, particularly in technology and international openness, to fully realize its ecotourism potential.
Material flow analysis in palm oil plantation
Authors: Maulina Seri , Bako Ilham Perkasa , Rambe Fitri Rowiyah , Fajar Muhammad , Ageng Nurul , Situmorang Ranaf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research examines the materials and processes involved in palm oil cultivation, focusing on their environmental impact from planting to harvesting. The primary objectives are to analyze the use of resources such as water, fertilizers, chemicals, and energy, and to assess the waste generated during each stage of production, with emphasis on understanding the effects on the surrounding environment. Palm oil (Elaeis), a key agricultural commodity used in cooking oil, industrial oil, and fuel production, thrives in optimal conditions of 24-28°C, at altitudes of 1-500 meters, with humidity levels of 80-90% and plant spacing of 9x9 meters. The study collected primary data over 12 months from plantations, focusing on water consumption, fertilizer usage (NPK, TSP, Urea), energy consumption (electricity and diesel), chemical application for pest control, and waste production, including solid and hazardous waste. The results show varying monthly fertilizer consumption, significant reliance on both electricity from the national grid and diesel generators, and the generation of hazardous waste, such as chemical and fertilizer containers. These findings highlight the considerable environmental impact of these practices, stressing the importance of adopting more sustainable methods in palm oil cultivation.