bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethique et mondialisation
Authors: Lustiger Jean-Marie 
Published: November 2007

Ethics and Globalization, by Monseigneur Lustiger
Globalization is characterized by the accumulation of trade, capital, products and people and tends to redefine the planet as a "single village". Although the process derives its strength from disregarding politics, this is also its weakness. Thus whereas globalization seeks to transcend the barriers between nations and communities, it often results in an exacerbation of parochial claims based on the defense of individual identities. Globalization must not be imposed in the name of history. Rather it must take into account the political, cultural and civic dimensions of human beings. In this respect, the Christian Church could set an example for addressing globalization, in view of her experience as a model of universal communion that respects each person's individuality.
Réussir l'Europe : une nécessité permanente
Authors: Solana Javier 
Published: November 2007

Making a Success of Europe: an Ongoing Necessity, by Javier Solana
If Europe is to be able to progress and meet the current challenges, we should not be theorizing but implementing concrete proposals. Europe must first ensure the prosperity of the European Union and its members. It also has a duty of far-reaching solidarity, both internally and with its near neighbours and the rest of the world. Lastly, it has to become a fully-fledged player in international relations and thus play an important role in crisis prevention and settlement. To do so, it must have a capacity for action supported by credible military forces and become a genuine partner of the major international players : United States, Russia, China and Japan. In this way the EU will be able to act as a moderator and genuine partner in order to promote stability, prosperity and development, particularly as the international community needs a strong Europe.
Science, technologie et développement : quelles perspectives pour le monde arabe ?
Authors: Al-Ahmad Abdlatif Yousef 
Published: November 2007

Science, Technology and Development: What Prospects for the Arab World?, by Abdlatif Yousef Al-Hamad
Humanity has entered a new era under the influence of the progress of science, technology and globalization. As a factor of interdependence, this development is also a source of disparities. This constitutes a major challenge for the Arab world, which must not only conduct a transformation process but also catch up in the areas of education, science and technology. But the Arab countries do not have the choice. If they want to develop, they must concurrently adjust to globalization, liberalize and exploit the opportunities induced by scientific revolutions. This will be achievable in the context of a society that is open to pluralism and innovation and is mobilized, while being integrated regionally and internationally. However, only democracy and social justice, combined with security and peace, will be able to give science and technology a human face.
La politique étrangère à l'épreuve de la mondialisation
Authors: Moïsi Dominique 
Published: November 2007

Foreign Policy and the Globalization Process, by Dominique Moisi
Monopolized for a long time by diplomats drawn from the highest strata of society, diplomacy has undergone profound changes since the end of the First World War : an extension of its field of action, a diversification and reproduction of the actors on the diplomatic scene, a dialectical game between governments, companies and media, and also dialogue with the whole society. This is a positive evolution in many respects but one that also risks to entail confusions between morality and demagoguery vote-catching tactics and political strategy.
Crise de 1929 et politique internationale : pourquoi il ne faut pas brûler le FMI
Authors: Hautcœur Pierre-Cyrille 
Published: November 2007

The 1929 Recession and International Politics : Why the IMF Should not be Disposed of, by Pierre-Cyrille Hautcœur
This paper underscores the importance of international political considerations in the origins and course of the 1929 recession. It then examines the multiple consequences of the recession and the analyses that were made of its impact on international relations after the Second World War, and the way they were incorporated into the conceptualization of international organizations. In conclusion, it shows the importance of institutionalized international cooperation in preventing crises.
Chine 1998-2000 : la dernière vague de réformes en panne
Authors: Zweig David 
Published: November 2007

China 1998-2000: The Latest Series of Reforms is in Limbo, by David Zweig
When he became prime minister in the Spring of 1998, Zhu Rongji announced his reforming intentions: a reform of state enterprises, privatisation of state housing, legitimisation and enlargement of the private sector, an intention to join the World Trade Organisation, a halving of the civil service, fight against corruption, creation of a System of unemployment insurance and pensions etc. Two-and-a-half years later, in a favourable global climate, a number of thèse reforms have made significant progress even if others remain thwarted by the meandering of the political organisation and Chinese bureaucracy. The future of these reforms will depend, in any case, on the political longevity of those who rule over the destiny of the Celestial Empire.
Une paix asiatique est-elle possible sans architecture régionale ?
Authors: Godement François 
Published: November 2007

Is an Asian Peace Possible Without a Régional Framework? by François Godement
Will the 21st century witness the triumph of peace and prosperity in Asia or is there a risk that the region will descend into chaos and war? Everything depends on the way in which three emergent factors, pertinent to regional stability, evolve : the first is the opening up to the market economy, which has yet to happen in Vietnam and North Korea, and whose continuation in China is leading to an interdependence with other states in the region; the second is the process of modernisation of political institutions, initiated on the Korean Peninsula and also in Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan and even in China, and which, if continued, could also tip the balance in favour of peace. The third is the slow conversion, observed in the entire region, to the idea of regional economic co-operation based on formal agreement. Still, there is nothing to suggest that these three factors for peace will be powerful enough to overcome the risks of conflict, which weigh heavy upon Asia, such as the question of the Strait of Formosa and nuclear rivalry among India, Pakistan and China .
La politique danoise de sécurité : activisme international et ambiguïté européenne
Authors: Rynning Sten 
Published: November 2007

Danish Security Policy : International Activism and European Ambiguity, by Sten Rynning
Danish security policy has become activist and militarized in the post-Cold War era. Denmark has singled out the UN and Nato as pillars of a new order which is compatible with its 'liberal peasant values'. However, tensions have arisen from divergences between these values and European integration and as a consequence Denmark has opted out of the rapidly developing defense dimension of the EU. The ambiguities of Danish security policy give rise to distinct problems for European countries wishing to coordinate their policies on US missile defense and Baltic stability. A new Danish debate on security and defense policy is unfolding and may represent an opportunity for Denmark and its European partners to shape new responses to common problems.
Le conflit israélo-palestinien : retour vers le futur
Authors: Khalidi Ahmad Samih 
Published: November 2007

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict - Back to the Future, by Hamad Khalidi
The opening declarations of Ehud Barak and the US orchestration of peace talks in the summer of 2000 raised great hopes for the resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Camp David signiried the possibility of a compromise that would have been in Une with the previous agreements (Oslo). But Yassir Arafat's refusal to accept an Israeli offer that was ambiguous resul-ted in his losing legitimacy as a partner for peace, whereas a bare provocation (Ariel Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif) exacerbated the religious element of the conflict and sparked off the Second Intifada, which resulted in many more casualties than the first. Since then the continuing colonisation of the Occupied Territories and the radicalisation of the two camps mean that the peace process has been taken hostage: if Israel and the United States believe that the recognition of a Palestinian state is contingent on Arafat's departure and the democratisation of the Palestinian Authority, Sharon's policies could well bring the conflict back to what it was in 1948 — an existential war for the land of Palestine.
Caucase du Sud : les enjeux de la coopération régionale
Authors: Minassian Gaïdz 
Published: November 2007

The South Caucasus - The High Stakes of Regional Co-operation, by Gaïdz Minassian
Regional co-operation between the three states of the South Caucasus -Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia — has become firmly established in the region in spite of some high-casualty wars - be they on-going or under cease-fire (Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Upper Karabakh, Chechnya) — and several nation-state crises following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Some ten years after achieving their independence, the three countries, which are members of the main international organisations, must nevertheless over-come the structural difficulties of democratie transition and address the challenges of world economie realities. This paper is an overview of the principal themes of regional co-operation: opening-up to the West, reinforcing secu-rity, and fortifying democracy at a time when Russia and the United States are collaborating closely in the fight against terrorism.
Les rapports russo-ukrainiens : empire ou démocratie ?
Authors: Daubenton Annie 
Published: November 2007

The Russia-Ukraine Relationship - Empire or Democracy?, by Annie Daubenton
The breaking up of the Soviet Union was thought to have severed the links forged by history between Russia and the Ukraine. Ukraine stated its new found independence within the CIS, rivalling Russia and banking on an equilibrium of East-West influences to assure its democratie transition. But Ukraine's economie liabilities, inherited from the dislocation of the empire (foreign debt, disputes over energy resources...), and a serious political crisis in 2000 hâve brought the two countries together, destabilising the equilibrium to Moscow's benefit and leading to retreats on reform. At the same time, Moscow's fight against "terrorism" in Chechnya is now seen in the context of international preoccupations (11 September) and has brought about the NATO-Russia agreement (2002), which seems to relegate the Ukraine to a secondary role on the international scene.
Une politique étrangère commune : l'heure de vérité ?
Authors: Lamassoure Alain 
Published: November 2007

A Common Foreign Policy: The Moment of Truth?, by Alain LAMASSOURE
The term card of European foreign policy can be summarised in one word: insignificance. If, within Europe, the European project has succeeded so well that foreign policy has no more raison d'être, outside Europe, on the other hand, where this is all the more necessary, European policy is content with speeches without action, and financing without conditions. Thus, since the fall of the Berlin wall, on such important subjects as war and peace, democracy and development, nothing would have been different in the world without the Union and its gentlemen's club. Therefore it is time that the Union took charge of its defence and its security, affirming with strength a common foreign policy, re-evaluating the definition of threats, ending the illusion of living in a world where conflicts involve only others. For this there are a number of institutional reforms that are necessary: separating diplomacy from community, revising and harmonising national foreign policies, and taking another look at what constitutes the common destiny.
Les élites africaines, enjeu de la diplomatie scientifique des Etats-Unis
Authors: Dedieu Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2007

African Elite and the United States Diplomacy of Intelligence, by Jean-Philippe DEDIEU
French immigration policies together with a failed African higher éducation System have led French-speaking researchers to emigrate to an unprecedented destination, considering the language barrier: the United States. Their arrival is facilitated by an external policy led by philanthropie institutions wishing to create scientific communities uniting both American and African researchers and an internal policy contributing to the progressive American supremacy on African studies. This strategy undermines to the profit of the US the perpétuation in Africa of the French influence.
Du bon usage de la mondialisation
Authors: Sachwald Frédérique 
Published: November 2007

Putting Globalisation to Good Use, by Frédérique SACHWALD
Globalisation is often perceived as an anonymous force imposing change from the outside on various countries. Yet growing openness to trade and capital flows stems from choices made by governments, not only those of the rich countries, but also, and more recentïy, those of the poor ones, which have sought to take advantage of opportunities for integration into broader economie spheres. Globalisation forms part of the dynamics of modem economies, wnere innovation and the need for risk management have led governments to rely increasingly on market-based solutions. An analysis of two decades of globalisation shows that its impact is "filtered" by the national context, which itself reflects collective choices. National policies there-fore remain instrumental in leveraging the benéficial effects of globalisation and in anticipating and offsetting its negative effects. This is what emerges from the analysis of poverty reduction in the world and the evolution of inequalities in the industrialised countries.
Pour une nouvelle stratégie américaine de paix et de sécurité
Authors: Brzezinski Zbigniew 
Published: November 2007

Peacekeeping: New Challenges for the UNO and the Security Council, by Jean-Marie GUÉHENNO
As crises unfold in Africa and Asia, the international community's reactions range from robust intervention to mere indifférence. However, robust intervention is associated with the deployment of troops from the North under the flag of NATO or coalitions of the willing, while the establishment of UN peacekeeping operations, primarily with troops from the South, falls one step short of indifference. Despite relatively scarce resources, UN peacekeeping underwent a dramatic reform and has achieved many successes over the last few years. Security Council Member States have a special responsibility in lending their support and providing UN peacekeeping with the highly qualified troops and spécialised! assets it requires: this is essential in order to confront the new challenges in failed States. French Operation Licorne in Côte d'Ivoire and EU Operation Artemis in the Congo are good examples of North countries' renewed involvement in Africa. But there would be advantages in envisaging future deployments under the Blue Helmet, as a testimony of increased solidarity with the South, as a way of assisting the Security Council in being more united in action.
Réinventer l'Occident
Authors: Moïsi Dominique 
Published: November 2007

Reinventing the West, by Dominique MOÏSI
The divisions between Europe and America, as well as within Europe itself, took a turn in 2003 which bodes ill for the future, both in terms of the future of transatlantic relations and in terms of world stability and security. Perspectives for the world will not be improved if Europe unites against the United States or if the latter turns away from the Old Continent. The world would on the contrary be a more dangerous place. It is thus urgent to reinvent the West, a united and renewed West, aware of the differences within it as well as of the common values it holds. This West must show the rest of the world that it can act in a positive fashion with concrete results in order to improve the situation, in particular with regard to the regions most torn apart by war and poverty as is the case in the Middle East and Africa.
Les dilemmes des régimes arabes après l'intervention américaine en Irak
Authors: Droz-Vincent Philippe 
Published: November 2007

Arab Regimes' Dilemmas after the American Intervention in Iraq, by Philippe DROZ-VINCENT
Throughout the year 2003, the Arab world found itself at the centre of the preoccupations of the American "hyper power" and of an American administration keen to deploy its might in order to defend the "national interests" of the country. The year 2002 had shown that American thinking relative to the future of the Arab world had already been intense and that suspicion extended beyond the matter of Iraq to reach even the traditional allies of the Americans, over the concepts of transformation (or of democratisation) of the region. Arab political regimes have indeed been criticised over the past two years not only for their authoritarianism, but more especially for their share of responsibility in the rise of anti-Americanism, a phenomenon which would have permitted the terrorist attacks. These regimes are at the same time confronted with their own societies, which are reacting to regional events by blaming the carelessness and cowardice of their leaders.
La Convention : un moment constituant pour l'Europe ?
Authors: Chopin Thierry 
Published: November 2007

The Convention, a Constituting Moment for Europe?, by Thierry CHOPIN
The Convention on the future of Europe has submitted a treaty proposal creating a Constitution for Europe to the heads of state and governments of the EU's member countries. In spite of the semantic hitches (should one refer to a treaty, a Constitution, a constitutional treaty?), this project organises power within the Union through the structuring of institutions (even though the question of the separation of powers remains unresolved) while outlining a sharing of compétence between the Union and the states, together with a mechanism to oversee the principle of subsidiarity. However, the text of the Convention does not place Europe on the path towards a fundamental union of states, i.e. a political federation, as has been underlined with the inability of Europeans to agree on questions of war and peace, and to develop a common foreign policy. In fine, it is the very question of the European identity which is at stake.
Le retour du religieux dans la politique internationale
Authors: Madelin Henri 
Published: November 2007

The Return of Religion in International Politics, by Henri MADELIN
Throughout the year 2003, new types of cards have been dealt out in the image of Cesar and God, in Europe, even more so in the United States and, pointedly, in Muslim countries. The three points of crystallisation of conflicts with religion as a powerful underlying élément were Afghanistan with the dispersion of the Talibans, the Near East with a road map put back onto the agenda by G.W. Bush between Israelis and Palestinians, and Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein and the growing difficulties encountered by the Anglo-American forces of occupation. The spectres of Holy War, Jihad and of the concept of just war could be seen to re-emerge. The Pope and the diplomatie action of the Holy See played a substantial rôle throughout this period. However, one may wonder how corne the images of the Christian God of the Americans differ somewhat from those of the Western Europeans.
"Ah, quelle était jolie..."
Authors: Viala Alain 
Published: November 2007

«Ah, qu'elle était jolie...»
Alain Viala. [125-141].
La célèbre phrase commençant La Chèvre de M. Seguin d'Alphonse Daudet a en fait été popularisée sous une forme amputée. La prise en compte de l'intégralité de cette phrase permet de passer d'un protagoniste (la chèvre) à un autre (le personnage-poète Gringoire), mais aussi d'un conte pour enfants à une métaphore sociale et politique. Le texte peut se lire à un double niveau : en tant que critique des Parnassiens et des Réalistes, il révèle la position d'Alphonse Daudet dans un champ littéraire en pleine recomposition ; en tant que fable satirique, il exprime l'ambiguïté de la situation de l'écrivain dans la société de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle.
Les journalistes, une morale d'exception ?
Authors: Lemieux Cyril 
Published: November 2007

Les journalistes, une morale d'exception ?
Cyril Lemieux. [7-30].
Dans cet article, on se propose d'analyser l'ambiguïté des postures journalistiques par rapport au droit et aux formes d'objectivation de type juridique comme l'effet d'un dispositif de contraintes qui encadre le civisme ordinaire des journalistes : d'une part, dans la mesure où ils sont tenus de dénoncer des scandales et de mobiliser l'opinion, les journalistes s'appuient volontiers sur la grandeur de l'opinion publique ; d'autre part, parce qu'ils sont également tenus de fournir des preuves juridiquement recevables des accusations qu'ils portent, ils ne peuvent pas s'écarter durablement des différentes formes de l'objectivité juridique. De là, la très grande instabilité de leur position, perpétuellement tiraillée entre deux modes d'objectivation irréductibles : le crédit d'opinion et la loi écrite. Après avoir mis à jour la structure de ce dispositif civique tel qu'il est apparu au cours du XVIIIème siècle, et après avoir repéré son inscription dans la loi de 1881, on tente d'établir à travers l'examen de quelques exemples contemporains que c'est en jouant sur les différentes définitions possibles de leur civisme que les journalistes parviennent à revendiquer une déontologie dont ils se réclament, dans bien des cas, les seuls juges autorisés.
Un prophète construit par ses censeurs ? Bernard Cathelat et ses «socio-styles», entre controverse et succès
Authors: Georgagakis Didier 
Published: November 2007

A prophet constructed by his censors. Bernard Cathelat and the «Socio-Styles», between controversy and success.
Didier Georgagakis. [159-174].
Nothing seemed to indicate, to begin with, that Bernard Cathelat would become the multipositioned agent he turned out to be. However, by intervening with ail his energy in a multiplicity of spaces, the creator of the «Socio-Styles» triggered off a series of controversies which seem to have boosted his career. The case by case observation of the variety of fields thus invested allows one to determine the benefits he is able to derive from such controversies. The efficiency of such differential benefits is strongest in the media field. It thus seems that Bernard Cathelat's «character» is being contructed by other people, which implies a number of constraints.
Vivre de la politique. Les «quinze mille», le mandat et le métier
Authors: Garrigou Alain 
Published: November 2007

To live on politics. The «15 000», the mandate and the profession.
Alain Garrigou [7-34].
In November 1906 an Act was adopted which increased the parliamentary salary from 9 000 to 15 000 francs. As a result of a press campaign, this event, without any real legislative importance, activated the passions. It can be analyzed as one of the crucial moments in the process of political professionalization, one of these moments where the long and diffuse process of replacement of the notables by political entrepreneurs is suddenly revealed, and can therefore be analyzed. To make the political profession a full time paid activity : this claim is denounced as «corporatist» by some, considered shameful by a lot of deputies who will try to legitimate it as both a condition for democracy and a guarantee of the ability of the elected member. It is the redefinition of a profession that is happening in the controversy on the parliamentary salary.