bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal artery stenosis evaluated with 3D-gd-magnetic resonance angiography using transstenotic pressure gradient as the standard of reference. a multireader study
Authors: Eklöf H. , Ahlstrom H. , Bostrom A. , Bergqvist D. , Andrén B. , Karacagil S. , Nyman R. 
Published: January 2006

Purpose: To evaluate 3D-Gd-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in detecting hemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis (RAS). Material and Methods: Thirty patients evaluated for atherosclerotic RAS by MRA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were retrospectively included. Standard of reference for hemodynamically significant RAS was a transstenotic gradient of 15 mmHg. DSA visualized 60 main renal arteries and 9 accessory arteries. Pressure gradient measurement (PGM) was available from 61 arteries. Three radiologists evaluated all examinations independently in a blinded fashion. Results: RAS was present in 26 arteries. On MRA, each reader identified 4 of 9 accessory renal arteries, a detection rate of 44%. The three readers correctly classified 22/25/22 of the 26 vessels with a significant gradient as ⩾60% RAS and 31/25/32 of the 35 with no significant gradient as <60% RAS on MRA. Interobserver agreement was substantial. MRA image quality was adequate for RAS evaluations in all patients. ROC curves indicated that MRA is an adequate method for evaluating RAS. When screening for RAS, a 50% diameter reduction cut-off is better than 60%. RAS with 40–80% diameter reductions accounted for 65% of discrepancies. Conclusion: MRA is an adequate method for evaluating RAS limited mainly by poor detection rate for accessory renal arteries.
An update on childhood snoring
Authors: Ng Daniel K. , Chow Pok‐Yu , Chan Chung‐Hong , Kwok Ka‐Li , Cheung Josephine M. , Kong Flora Y. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHabitual snoring or daily snoring is a symptom of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in children and it is reported in about 10% of children. SDB includes primary snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), obstructive hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Classification of SDB in a particular snoring child requires an overnight polysomnography (PSG). Manual scoring of PSG is mandatory in children. Risk factors for SDB include allergic rhinitis, passive smoking, obesity, dysmorphic syndromes and neuromuscular disorders. Conclusion: Treatment includes general measures like treatment of allergic rhinitis, weight reduction in obese children, and avoidance of sleep deprivation. Specific measures include removal of adenoid and tonsils. Complications of SDB include neurocognitive impairment, hypertension and failure to thrive.
G-CSF/SCF reduces inducible arrhythmias in the infarcted heart potentially via increased connexin43 expression and arteriogenesis
Authors: Kuhlmann Michael T. , Kirchhof Paulus , Klocke Rainer , Hasib Lekbira , Stypmann Jörg , Fabritz Larissa , Stelljes Matthias , Tian Wen , Zwiener Melanie , Mueller Marcus , Kienast Joachim , Breithardt Günter , Nikol Sigrid 
Published: January 2006

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), alone or in combination with stem cell factor (SCF), can improve hemodynamic cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Apart from impairing the pump function, myocardial infarction causes an enhanced vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, we investigated the electrophysiological effects of G-CSF/SCF and the underlying cellular events in a murine infarction model.G-CSF/SCF improved cardiac output after myocardial infarction. Although G-CSF/SCF led to a twofold increased, potentially proarrhythmic homing of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells to the area of infarction, &lt;1% of these cells adopted a cardial phenotype. Inducibility of ventricular tachycardias during programmed stimulation was reduced 5 wk after G-CSF/SCF treatment. G-CSF/SCF increased cardiomyocyte diameter, arteriogenesis, and expression of connexin43 in the border zone of the infarction. An enhanced expression of the G-CSF receptor demonstrated in cardiomyocytes and other cell types of the infarcted myocardium indicates a sensitization of the heart to direct influences of this cytokine. In addition to paracrine effects potentially caused by the increased homing of BM-derived cells, these might contribute to the therapeutic effects of G-CSF.
Oryzabase. An Integrated Biological and Genome Information Database for Rice
Authors: Kurata Nori , Yamazaki Yukiko 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
The aim of Oryzabase is to create a comprehensive view of rice (Oryza sativa) as a model monocot plant by integrating biological data with molecular genomic information (http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/top/top.jsp). The database contains information about rice development and anatomy, rice mutants, and genetic resources, especially for wild varieties of rice. The anatomical description of rice development is unique and is the first known representation for rice. Developmental and anatomical descriptions include in situ gene expression data serving as stage and tissue markers. The systematic presentation of a large number of rice mutant and mutant trait genes is indispensable, as is description of research in wild strains, core collections, and their detailed characterization. Several genetic, physical, and expression maps with full genome and cDNA sequences are also combined with biological data in Oryzabase. These datasets, when pooled together, could provide a useful tool for gaining greater knowledge about the life cycle of rice, the relationship between phenotype and gene function, and rice genetic diversity. For exchanging community information, Oryzabase publishes the Rice Genetics Newsletter organized by the Rice Genetics Cooperative and provides a mailing service, rice-e-net/rice-net.
Agroinjection of Tomato Fruits. A Tool for Rapid Functional Analysis of Transgenes Directly in Fruit
Authors: Orzaez Diego , Mirabel Sophie , Wieland Willemien H. , Granell Antonio 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Transient expression of foreign genes in plant tissues is a valuable tool for plant biotechnology. To shorten the time for gene functional analysis in fruits, we developed a transient methodology that could be applied to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv Micro Tom) fruits. It was found that injection of Agrobacterium cultures through the fruit stylar apex resulted in complete fruit infiltration. This infiltration method, named fruit agroinjection, rendered high levels of 35S Cauliflower mosaic virus-driven β-glucuronidase and yellow fluorescence protein transient expression in the fruit, with higher expression levels around the placenta and moderate levels in the pericarp. Usefulness of fruit agroinjection was assayed in three case studies: (1) the heat shock regulation of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) promoter, (2) the production of recombinant IgA antibodies as an example of molecular farming, and (3) the virus-induced gene silencing of the carotene biosynthesis pathway. In all three instances, this technology was shown to be efficient as a tool for fast transgene expression in fruits.
ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE Encodes a Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase That Epoxidizes Gibberellins in a Novel Deactivation Reaction in Rice
Authors: Zhu Yongyou , Nomura Takahito , Xu Yonghan , Zhang Yingying , Peng Yu , Mao Bizeng , Hanada Atsushi , Zhou Haicheng , Wang Renxiao , Li Peijin , Zhu Xudong , Mander Lewis N. , Kamiya Yuji , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , He Zuhua 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
The recessive tall rice (Oryza sativa) mutant elongated uppermost internode (eui) is morphologically normal until its final internode elongates drastically at the heading stage. The stage-specific developmental effect of the eui mutation has been used in the breeding of hybrid rice to improve the performance of heading in male sterile cultivars. We found that the eui mutant accumulated exceptionally large amounts of biologically active gibberellins (GAs) in the uppermost internode. Map-based cloning revealed that the Eui gene encodes a previously uncharacterized cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP714D1. Using heterologous expression in yeast, we found that EUI catalyzed 16α,17-epoxidation of non-13-hydroxylated GAs. Consistent with the tall and dwarfed phenotypes of the eui mutant and Eui-overexpressing transgenic plants, respectively, 16α,17-epoxidation reduced the biological activity of GA4 in rice, demonstrating that EUI functions as a GA-deactivating enzyme. Expression of Eui appeared tightly regulated during plant development, in agreement with the stage-specific eui phenotypes. These results indicate the existence of an unrecognized pathway for GA deactivation by EUI during the growth of wild-type internodes. The identification of Eui as a GA catabolism gene provides additional evidence that the GA metabolism pathway is a useful target for increasing the agronomic value of crops.
ramosa2Encodes a LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY Domain Protein That Determines the Fate of Stem Cells in Branch Meristems of Maize
Authors: Bortiri Esteban , Chuck George , Vollbrecht Erik , Rocheford Torbert , Martienssen Rob , Hake Sarah 
Published: January 2006

AbstractGenetic control of grass inflorescence architecture is critical given that cereal seeds provide most of the world's food. Seeds are borne on axillary branches, which arise from groups of stem cells in axils of leaves and whose branching patterns dictate most of the variation in plant form. Normal maize (Zea mays) ears are unbranched, and tassels have long branches only at their base. The ramosa2 (ra2) mutant of maize has increased branching with short branches replaced by long, indeterminate ones. ra2 was cloned by chromosome walking and shown to encode a LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY domain transcription factor. ra2 is transiently expressed in a group of cells that predicts the position of axillary meristem formation in inflorescences. Expression in different mutant backgrounds places ra2 upstream of other genes that regulate branch formation. The early expression of ra2 suggests that it functions in the patterning of stem cells in axillary meristems. Alignment of ra2-like sequences reveals a grass-specific domain in the C terminus that is not found in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ra2-dm allele suggests this domain is required for transcriptional activation of ra1. The ra2 expression pattern is conserved in rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and maize, suggesting that ra2 is critical for shaping the initial steps of grass inflorescence architecture.
CD10 expression in trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma*
Authors: Pham Teresa Tram N. , Selim M. Angelica , Burchette James L. , Madden John , Turner John , Herman Christopher 
Published: January 2006

Background:  Trichoepithelioma (TE) is a benign neoplasm that shares both clinical and histologic features with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, it is important to distinguish these neoplasms. Limited immunohistochemical stains are available to separate these two tumors.Methods:  CD10 protein immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin‐embedded biopsies of 13 TE and 23 BCC diagnosed by routine microscopy. Cases were analyzed for pattern of CD10 expression by tumor cells and surrounding stroma.Results:  Twelve of 13 (92%) TE showed positive stromal immunoreactivity. Of these, eight cases also demonstrated positivity of the papilla, and two also showed positivity of the basaloid cells. No TE demonstrated epithelial expression alone. On the other hand, expression of CD10 by basaloid cells was identified in 20 (87%) cases of BCC. Stromal positivity was also identified in three cases of BCC. Condensation of CD10‐positive stromal cells around basaloid nests was statistically significant in differentiating TE from BCC (p < 0.0001). Conversely, CD10‐positive basaloid cells were seen predominantly in BCC (p < 0.0001).Conclusions:  This study demonstrates a statistically significant difference in CD10 staining pattern between TE and BCC. Thus, CD10 may be a useful adjunct marker in distinguishing these tumors.
A comparison of morbidity rates attributable to conditions originating in the perinatal period among newborns discharged from United States hospitals, 1989–90 and 1999–2000
Authors: Tomashek Kay M. , Crouse Chadd J. , Iyasu Solomon , Johnson Christopher H. , Flowers Lisa M. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryPerinatal conditions account for 60% of US neonatal deaths, yet little is known about rates of morbidity attributable to these conditions. To estimate these rates, we analysed newborn hospital discharges from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. We used International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes to classify discharge diagnoses among a weighted, nationally representative sample of newborns discharged from short‐stay, non‐federal US hospitals. We compared overall and cause‐specific morbidity rates attributable to perinatal conditions (ICD‐9‐CM 760.0–779.9), as well as the average length of hospital stay among newborn discharges during 1989–90 and 1999–2000.The overall newborn morbidity rate declined from 36.3% in 1989–90 to 33.7% in 1999–2000 (P < 0.01), despite significant increases in high‐risk births. The decline can be attributed to significant decreases in the reported rates of jaundice, fetal distress, birth trauma and birth asphyxia. Rates of jaundice decreased from 15.7% to 13.4% (P < 0.01). The average length of stay decreased among newborns with no morbid condition (2.37–2.04 days, P < 0.001) and among those with one perinatal condition (3.11–2.51, P < 0.001), but increased among those with multiple perinatal conditions (8.43–9.98, P < 0.05). Morbidity rates among newborns discharged from US hospitals declined. Shorter newborn hospital stays may have resulted in fewer cases of jaundice being diagnosed before discharge. Stricter diagnostic criteria and changes in obstetric practices may have led to a decline in the rates of fetal distress, birth trauma and birth asphyxia.
Early onset dactylitis associated with the occurrence of severe events in children with sickle cell anaemia. The Paediatric Cohort of Guadeloupe (1984–99)
Authors: Foucan Lydia , Ekouevi Didier , Etienne‐Julan Maryse , Salmi L Rachid , Diara Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2006

SummaryDactylitis or hand–foot syndrome is related to intravascular sickling and classically occurs around 6 months of life when haemoglobin S levels reach pathological significance. It has been hypothesised as a possible predictive factor of adverse outcome.The objective of this study was to estimate the survival without severe events (acute chest syndrome, stroke or death) according to early occurrence of dactylitis in the sickle cell paediatric cohort of Guadeloupe. The study period was 1 January 1984 to 31 December 1999. Medical data were recorded from birth for children with sickle cell anaemia diagnosed before 6 months of age. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate the severe event‐free survival and to draw related curves. We used proportional‐hazard modelling to assess the risk of severe events (stroke or acute chest syndrome or death) in children with early dactylitis (before 6 months of age).The study sample comprised 114 children. The incidence [95% confidence interval] of clinical events per 100 child‐years were 10.0 [7.63, 13.07] for dactylitis, 0.73 [0.33, 1.62] for stroke, 10.88 [8.35, 14.17] for acute chest syndrome and 1.06 [0.56, 2.05] for death. Thirteen of the 14 children who had dactylitis before 6 months of age had at least one severe event later in life. The median severe event‐free survival time was 2.1 [1.6, 2.7] years in children with dactylitis before 6 months compared with 6.3 [4.5, 8.1] years in the other children;P < 0.0005. After adjustment for haemoglobin level ≤7 g/dL (25th percentile), leucocyte count >19 000/mm3(75th percentile), transfusion before age of one year, acute splenic sequestration before the age of one year, the adjusted hazard ratio of severe event for children with early dactylitis was 2.13 [1.06, 4.40];P < 0.03. Dactylitis occurring before 6 months of life identifies children at risk of severe complications who should benefit from close management.
Changes in the timing of SIDS deaths in 1989 and 1999: indirect evidence of low homicide prevalence among reported cases
Authors: Pollack Harold A. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryAn unknown proportion of cases diagnosed as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are misdiagnosed, and in some cases are homicides. Because recent SIDS prevention measures were unlikely to reduce homicides, changes in the reported timing of SIDS cases provide an indirect measure of covert homicides in this group.This paper uses United States vital statistics microdata to explore these questions. The sample includes all reported infant deaths to singletons with birthweight > 500 g in the 1989 and 1999 US birth cohorts. Deaths attributed to SIDS (n = 7708), homicide (n = 597), or object inhalation and mechanical suffocation (n = 860) are specifically examined. If reported SIDS cases were a mixture of ‘true’ cases and misdiagnosed homicides, it is hypothesised that the age‐at‐death distribution of SIDS deaths would have changed to reflect greater prevalence of misdiagnosed homicide.We find that the age‐at‐death distribution of reported SIDS cases was virtually unchanged in the two cohorts, showing no increase during periods of infancy when relative homicide risk is most pronounced. One cannot reject the hypothesis that the timing was drawn from the same distribution ( = 62.2, P = 0.157). Analogous results hold for infants born in circumstances associated with high homicide risk ( = 61.5, P = 0.12).The stable age‐at‐death distribution of reported SIDS cases between 1989 and 1999 suggests that covert homicides are a small fraction of reported SIDS cases.
Functional analysis of Arabidopsis NCED6 and NCED9 genes indicates that ABA synthesized in the endosperm is involved in the induction of seed dormancy
Authors: Lefebvre Valérie , North Helen , Frey Anne , Sotta Bruno , Seo Mitsunori , Okamoto Masanori , Nambara Eiji , Marion‐Poll Annie 
Published: January 2006

SummaryThe cleavage of 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoids to xanthoxin, catalyzed by 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases, is considered to be the key regulatory step of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, genes for these enzymes form a multigene family with nine members, only five of which are thought to be involved in ABA production. In contrast to the prominent function of AtNCED3 in stress responses, the physiological and developmental role of the other 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) remain unknown. Our functional and expression analyses have revealed that AtNCED6 and AtNCED9 are required for ABA biosynthesis during seed development. Reverse genetic analysis showed that ABA levels were reduced in Atnced6 and Atnced9 mutant seeds. In addition, transgenic plants overexpressing the AtNCED6 gene overproduced ABA. In accordance with mutant phenotypes, both AtNCED6 and AtNCED9 exhibited seed‐specific expression. Detailed cytological studies were carried out, either by using transcriptional fusions of the promoter with GUS and GFP reporter genes, or by in situ hybridization. Expression of AtNCED6 was observed exclusively in the endosperm during seed development, that of AtNCED9 in both embryo and endosperm at mid‐development. In addition to reduced ABA levels, Atnced6 and Atnced9 mutant seeds were also resistant to paclobutrazol, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor. Although seeds of single mutants were still dormant, reduced dormancy was observed in the Atnced6 Atnced9 double‐mutant seeds. These demonstrate that ABA synthesized in both the endosperm and the embryo participates in the hormonal balance that controls seed dormancy and germination.
Characterization of a novel putative zinc finger gene MIF1: involvement in multiple hormonal regulation of Arabidopsis development
Authors: Hu Wei , Ma Hong 
Published: January 2006

SummaryPhytohormones play crucial roles in regulating many aspects of plant development. Although much has been learned about the effects of individual hormones, cross‐talk between and integration of different hormonal signals are still not well understood. We present a study of MINI ZINC FINGER 1 (MIF1), a putative zinc finger protein from Arabidopsis, and suggest that it may be involved in integrating signals from multiple hormones. MIF1 homologs are highly conserved among seed plants, each characterized by a very short sequence containing a central putative zinc finger domain. Constitutive overexpression of MIF1 caused dramatic developmental defects, including dwarfism, reduced apical dominance, extreme longevity, dark‐green leaves, altered flower morphology, poor fertility, reduced hypocotyl length, spoon‐like cotyledons, reduced root growth, and ectopic root hairs on hypocotyls and cotyledons. In addition, 35S::MIF1 seedlings underwent constitutive photomorphogenesis in the dark, with root growth similar to that in the light. Furthermore, 35S::MIF1 seedlings were demonstrated to be non‐responsive to gibberellin (GA) for cell elongation, hypersensitive to the GA synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) and abscisic acid (ABA), and hyposensitive to auxin, brassinosteroid and cytokinin, but normally responsive to ethylene. The de‐etiolation defect could not be rescued by the hormones tested. Consistent with these observations, genome‐scale expression profiling revealed that 35S::MIF1 seedlings exhibited decreased expression of genes involved in GA, auxin and brassinosteroid signaling as well as cell elongation/expansion, and increased expression of ABA‐responsive genes. We propose that MIF1, or the protein(s) with which MIF1 interacts, is involved in mediating the control of plant development by multiple hormones.
Development of a methoxyfenozide‐responsive gene switch for applications in plants
Authors: Tavva Venkata S. , Dinkins Randy D. , Palli Subba R. , Collins Glenn B. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryThe ecdysone receptor (EcR) has been used to develop gene switches for conditional regulation of transgene expression in plants and humans. All EcR‐based gene switches developed to date for use in plants are monopartate and require micromolar concentrations of ligand for activation of the transgene; this has limited the use of these gene switches. We have developed a Choristoneura fumiferana ecdysone receptor (CfEcR)‐based two‐hybrid gene switch that works through the formation of a functional heterodimer between EcR and the retinoid X receptor (RXR) upon application of the chemical ligand methoxyfenozide. Methoxyfenozide is already registered for field use with an excellent safety profile, and it has potential as a gene switch ligand for applications in the field. The receptor constructs were prepared by fusing DEF domains (hinge region plus ligand‐binding domain) of CfEcR to the GAL4 DNA‐binding domain and EF domains (ligand‐binding domain) of ultraspiracle from Choristoneura fumiferana (CfUSP) or RXR from Locusta migratoria (LmRXR), Mus musculus (MmRXR) or Homo sapiens (HsRXR) to the VP16 activation domain. These receptor constructs were tested for their ability to induce expression of the luciferase gene placed under the control of 5× GAL4 response elements and −46 35S minimal promoter in tobacco, corn and soybean protoplasts and in transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. By adopting the two‐hybrid format, the sensitivity of the CfEcR gene switch has been improved from micromolar to nanomolar concentrations of methoxyfenozide. The sensitivity of the CfEcR + LmRXR two‐hybrid switch was 25 to 625 times greater than the monopartate gene switch, depending on the plant species tested.