bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Trans‐Radial Approach in Percutaneous Intervention for Upper Arm Dialysis Access
Authors: Lin Yu‐Sheng , Lin Pi‐Chi , Hsu Jen‐Te , Chang Shih‐Tai , Yang Teng‐Yao , Cheng Hui‐Wen , Chung Chang‐Min 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground:  This retrospective study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of trans‐radial intervention for upper arm dialysis access.Methods:  This study retrospectively reviewed 165 trans‐radial interventions performed for upper arm dialysis access in 101 patients. Sixty‐nine patients had arteriovenous graft (AVG), and 32 had arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Balloon angioplasty was performed in 66 stenotic dialysis accesses and 99 thrombosed dialysis accesses. Thrombosed dialysis access was further managed by additional balloon thrombectomy with or without urokinase injection.Results:  Procedural time was 46.7 ± 25.5 minutes. Anatomic and clinical success rates were 89.7% and 84.2%, respectively. The rate of complications, most of which involved lesion rupture with contrast‐media extravasation and distal embolism, was 9.7%. Pretreatment stenosis was more severe (p = 0.01) and the prevalence of total occlusion was higher (p < 0.01) in the AVG group than the AVF group. The success rate and complication rate did not statistically differ (p = 0.59). Additionally, the thrombosed group had a lower success rate (p = 0.02), a higher complication rate (p < 0.01) and a longer procedural time (p < 0.01) than the stenotic group.Conclusions:  Comparison with previous studies employing the traditional approach reveals that trans‐radial intervention has a comparable success rate, procedural time and complication rate for upper arm dialysis access. Therefore, trans‐radial intervention is a safe and feasible technique for upper arm dialysis access.
Using Macrophytes in Urban Stream Rehabilitation: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Suren Alastair M. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract Native macrophytes were transplanted into a small urban stream as part of a rehabilitation program, that also meandered the previously channeled stream, naturalized stream banks, and planted native riparian vegetation. Transplanted macrophytes minimized spread of introduced macrophytes and were viewed beneficially by residents, as was the stream rehabilitation. We transplanted the native macrophyte Myriophyllum triphyllum into five larger streams dominated by exotic macrophytes—some of which were weeded prior to transplanting—to see whether Myriophyllum could prevent regrowth of weeded plants. Transplanted Myriophyllum plants were washed away in two streams, reflecting high shear stresses there. Myriophyllum cover in the other streams decreased as weeded plants regrew. Our attempt at eliminating exotic macrophytes in patches in large streams was unsuccessful. Furthermore, council authorities weeded other experimental sections following complaints from residents of excess macrophyte growth. This problem highlighted conflicting multiple values placed on urban streams by managers and the public. A repeat survey of residents living near the original rehabilitated stream showed that many respondents were now critical of excessive plant growth—both in‐stream and riparian. A recurring comment made concerned the apparent lack of maintenance to the stream, giving it an untidy appearance. Difficulties with propagating and transplanting native macrophytes into larger streams, coupled with a negative perception of native vegetation (both in‐stream and riparian) if it looks unmanaged, suggest that planting macrophytes or riparian plants as part of urban stream rehabilitation programs may be more problematic than realized.
Pool Spacing, Channel Morphology, and the Restoration of Tidal Forested Wetlands of the Columbia River, U.S.A.
Authors: Diefenderfer Heida L. , Montgomery David R. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract Tidal forested wetlands have sustained substantial areal losses associated with human land use, and restoration practitioners lack descriptions of ecosystem structures within these systems, in which surface water is a significant controlling factor on flora and fauna. In particular, the roles of large wood in tidal areas remain poorly described compared to terrestrial and riverine ecosystems. This study documents the role of large wood accumulations in forcing channel morphology in remnant Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)–dominated tidal freshwater wetlands (swamps) in the floodplain of the Columbia River, U.S.A., near the Pacific coast. The average pool spacing documented in channel surveys of three swamps near Grays Bay, 2.2–2.8 channel widths per pool, was not significantly different. There were higher numbers of pools on these tidal forested wetland channels (median 2.7 pools/100 m) than on a nearby diked agricultural site prior to restoration. Log jams were common in the swamps and nonexistent in the pasturelands prior to restoration. On the basis of pool spacing and observed sequences of log jams and pools, tidal forested wetland channels were classified consistent with a forced step‐pool channel type. This new classification for tidal systems provides a basis for restoration project design involving placement of large wood and development of pool habitats for aquatic species. Modifications by beaver (Castor canadensis) observed on restoration and reference sites warrant further investigation to explore the interactions between these animals and restoration methods that affect channel structure and hydraulics in tidal forced step‐pool channels.
Outcome after hemispherectomy in hemiplegic adult patients with refractory epilepsy associated with early middle cerebral artery infarcts
Authors: Cukiert Arthur , Cukiert Cristine Mella , Argentoni Meire , Baise‐Zung Carla , Forster Cássio Roberto , Mello Valeria Antakli , Burattini José Augusto , Mariani Pedro Paulo 
Published: October 2008

SummaryPurpose:  To study the outcome after hemispherectomy (HP) in a homogeneous adult patient population with refractory hemispheric epilepsy.Methods:  Fourteen adult patients submitted to HP were studied. Patients had to be at least 18 years old, and have refractory epilepsy, clearly focal lateralized seizures and unilateral porencephalus consistent with early middle cerebral artery infarct on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients were submitted to functional hemispherectomy. We analyzed age of seizure onset, age by the time of surgery, gender, seizure type and frequency, interictal and ictal electroencephalography (EEG) findings, MRI and IQ scores preoperatively; seizure frequency, drug regimen, and IQ outcome were studied postoperatively.Results:  Mean follow‐up was 64 months. All patients had frequent daily seizures preoperatively. All patients had unilateral simple partial motor seizures (SPS); 11 patients had secondarily generalized tonic–clonic (GTC) seizures and five patients had complex partial seizures (CPS), preoperatively. All patients had hemiplegia and hemianopsia. Twelve patients had unilateral EEG findings, and in two epileptic discharges were seen exclusively over the apparently normal hemisphere. Twelve patients were seizure‐free after surgery and two patients had at least 90% improvement in seizure frequency. Pre‐ and postoperative mean general IQ was 84 and 88, respectively. Five of the twelve Engel I patients were receiving no drugs at last follow‐up. There was no mortality or major morbidity.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that well‐selected adult patients might also get good results after HP. Although good results were obtained in our adult series, the same procedure yielded a much more striking result if performed earlier in life.
Are cortical tubers epileptogenic? Evidence from electrocorticography
Authors: Major Philippe , Rakowski Sonja , Simon Mirela V. , Cheng Ming L. , Eskandar Emad , Baron Joshua , Leeman Beth A. , Frosch Matthew P. , Thiele Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to characterize the epileptogenicity of tubers and surrounding cortex in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Three pediatric patients with TSC and intractable epilepsy underwent surgical resection of tubers associated with epileptogenic foci. In all patients, presurgical imaging revealed a prominent tuber that correlated on electroencephalography (EEG) with frequent interictal epileptiform discharges and electrographic seizures. Intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) was performed using subdural grids placed over the tuber and surrounding cortex and depth electrodes positioned directly within the tuber. In all three patients, the depth electrode within the tuber was electrographically silent, whereas the surrounding cortical tissue showed significant epileptiform activity. The tuber and the electrically active adjacent cortex were resected. The patients experienced a drastic reduction in seizure frequency postsurgery. Epileptogenicity of cortical tubers may derive not from the lesion itself, but rather from the perturbation or abnormal development of the surrounding cortex.
Informal and Illicit Entrepreneurs: Fighting for a Place in the Neoliberal Economic Order
Authors: Galemba Rebecca B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA panel at the 2007 meetings of the American Anthropological Association examined the working lives of illicit and informal entrepreneurs living in “the gaps” or “shadows” of neoliberal globalization. Panelists challenged dichotomies such as informal/formal and legal/illegal by examining the everyday practices of workers in diverse settings. Emphasis was placed on entrepreneurs' efforts to legitimate their activities and identities to themselves and others.
mTOR‐dependent signalling in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pei Jin‐Jing , Hugon Jacques 
Published: October 2008

Introduction
Neurodegeneration and neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease brains
Dysfunction of protein synthesis mediated by mTOR‐dependent signalling in Alzheimer's disease brains
Neurodegeneration mediated by mTOR‐dependent signalling
Tau phosphorylation mediated by mTOR‐dependent signalling
mTOR‐dependent signalling in lymphocytes of AD: potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis
mTOR‐dependent signalling and other neurodegenerative diseases
Perspectives
Conclusions
AbstractNeurodegeneration and neurofibrillary degeneration are the two main pathological mechanisms of cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is not clear what factors determine the fates of neurons during the progress of the disease. Emerging evidence has suggested that mTOR‐dependent signalling is involved in the two types of degeneration in AD brains. This review focuses on the roles of mTOR‐dependent signalling in the pathogenesis of AD. It summarizes the recent advancements in the understanding of its roles in neu‐rodegeneration and neurofibrillary degeneration, as well as the evidence achieved when mTOR‐related signalling components were tested as potential biomarkers of cognitive impairments in the clinical diagnosis of AD.
MicroRNA and cancer – focus on apoptosis
Authors: Wang Yu , Lee Caroline G. L. 
Published: October 2008

Introduction
miR biogenesis
miR and Cancer
miR and Apoptosis
Conclusion

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRs) are small non‐coding RNAs regulating gene expression at the post‐transcriptional and/or translational levels. miRs play important roles in diverse biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that miR loci frequently map to cancer‐associated genomic regions and deregulated miR expression profiles are associated with many cancer types, implicating miRs in crucial processes that lead to tumourigenesis. Here, we review the current findings about miRs and tumourigenesis, focusing on their involvement in the apoptosis pathway. A significant observation is that greater than one‐quarter of all known human miRs were reported to be deregulated in at least one cancer type. The expression of a subset of miRs (e.g. miR‐21 and miR‐155) was found to be consistently up‐regulated, whereas another subset of miRs (e.g.miR‐143 and miR‐145) was consistently down‐regulated across different cancer types suggesting their involvement in regulating common cellular processes whose deregulation may lead to tumourigenesis. Several miRs were implicated to play roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Some miRs, such as miR‐29b and miR‐15–16, influence only the apoptotic pathway, whereas others including let‐7/miR‐98 and miR‐17–92 may play roles in both the apoptotic and cell‐proliferation pathways. In conclusion, although our current understanding of the functions of miRs is still fragmentary, taken together, this review highlights the complex and intricate roles that miRs play in the regulation of cellular processes. Perturbation of the expression of miRs may thus lead to tumourigenesis.
Role of endogenous bone marrow cells in long‐term repair mechanisms after myocardial infarction
Authors: Odörfer Kathrin I. , Walter Ingrid , Kleiter Miriam , Sandgren Eric P. , Erben Reinhold G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHoming and regenerative potential of endogenous bone marrow cells (BMC) in myocardial infarction (MI) is a controversial issue. Using human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP) as genetic marker for cell tracking, we examined the influx of bone marrow‐derived cells during tissue repair after the induction of MI over a study period of 17 weeks in wild‐type inbred Fischer 344 rats, lethally irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow (BM) from transgenic F344 rats expressing hPLAP under the control of the ubiquitous R26 promoter. During the early phases of tissue repair, hPLAP‐positive macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and also myofibroblast‐like cells were recruited from BM. However, only some hPLAP‐positive endothelial cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblast‐like cells persisted until 17 weeks after MI. With the exception of a single cell, there was no evidence of BM‐derived cardiomyocytes throughout the study. Rather, some local cardiac progenitor cells appeared to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in the peri‐infarct regions. In conclusion, our data show that the inflammation‐induced influx of BM‐derived cells into the infarction area is restricted to leukocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblast‐like cells. Our long‐term analysis casts doubt on the hypothesis that circulating BM‐derived mesenchymal precursor cells participate in cardiomyogenesis after MI.
Insights into cerebrovascular complications and Alzheimer disease through the selective loss of GRK2 regulation
Authors: Obrenovich Mark E. , Morales Ludis A. , Cobb Celia J. , Shenk Justin C. , Méndez Gina M. , Fischbach Kathryn , Smith Mark A. , Qasimov Eldar K. , Perry George , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: October 2008

IntroductionGeneral features of GRKsExpression patterns of GRK2GRK, ET‐1 and Insulin signallingGRK studies In AD and CBHConclusionsAbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) and stroke are two leading causes of age‐associated dementia. Increasing evidence points to vascular damage as an early contributor to the development of AD and AD‐like pathology. In this review, we discuss the role of G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as it relates to individuals affected by AD and how the cardiovasculature plays a role in AD pathogenesis. The possible involvement of GRKs in AD pathogenesis is an interesting notion, which may help bridge the gap in our understanding of the heart–brain connection in relation to neurovisceral damage and vascular complications in AD, since kinases of this family are known to regulate numerous receptor functions both in the brain, myocardium, and elsewhere. The aim of this review is to discuss our findings of overexpression of GRK2 in the context of the early pathogenesis of AD, because increased levels of GRK2 immunoreactivity were found in vulnerable neurons of AD patients as well as in a two‐vessel occlusion (2‐VO) mammalian model of ischaemia. Also, we consider the consequences for this overexpression as a loss of G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) regulation, as well as suggest a potential role for GPCRs and GRKs in a unifying theory of AD pathogenesis, particularly in the context of cerebrovascular disease. We synthesize this newer information and attempt to put it into context with GRKs as regulators of diverse physiological cellular functions that could be appropriate targets for future pharmacological intervention.
Renal, vascular and cardiac fibrosis in rats exposed to passive smoking and industrial dust fibre amosite
Authors: Boor Peter , Casper Sandra , Celec Peter , Hurbánková Marta , Beňo Milan , Heidland August , Amann Kerstin , Šebeková Katarína 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPassive smoking is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Industrial fibrous dust, e.g. the asbestos group member, amosite, causes lung cancer and fibrosis. No data are available on renal involvement after inhalational exposure to these environmental pollutants or of their combination, or on cardiovascular and renal toxicity after exposure to amosite. Male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n= 6): control and amosite group received initially two intratracheal instillations of saline and amosite solution, respectively. Smoking group was subjected to standardized daily exposure to tobacco smoke for 2 hrs in a concentration resembling human passive smoking. Combined group was exposed to both amosite and cigarette smoke. All rats were killed after 6 months. Rats exposed to either amosite or passive smoking developed significant glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Combination of both exposures had additive effects. Histomorphological changes preceded the clinical manifestation of kidney damage. In both groups with single exposures, marked perivascular and interstitial cardiac fibrosis was detected. The additive effect in the heart was less pronounced than in the kidney, apparent particularly in changes of vascular structure. Advanced oxidation protein products, the plasma marker of the myeloperoxidase reaction in activated monocytes/macrophages, were increased in all exposed groups, whereas the inflammatory cytokines did not differ between the groups. In rats, passive smoking or amosite instillation leads to renal, vascular and cardiac fibrosis potentially mediated via increased myeloperoxidase reaction. Combination of both pollutants shows additive effects. Our data should be confirmed in subjects exposed to these environmental pollutants, in particular if combined.
Prevalence, onset and comorbidity of postpartum anxiety and depressive disorders
Authors: Reck C. , Struben K. , Backenstrass M. , Stefenelli U. , Reinig K. , Fuchs T. , Sohn C. , Mundt C. 
Published: October 2008

Objective:  The study presents data on the 3‐month prevalences of postpartum anxiety disorders (PAD) and postpartum depressive disorders (PDD) and their comorbidity in a German community sample. Associations with sociodemographic variables and previous history of psychopathology were analysed.Method:  Data were gathered in a longitudinal study over the first 3 months postpartum. In a two‐stage screening procedure, a population‐based representative sample of 1024 postpartum women was assessed for symptoms of anxiety and depression using DSM‐IV‐based screening instruments.Results:  The estimated rates of DSM‐IV disorders were 11.1% for PAD and 6.1% for PDD. Comorbidity was found in 2.1%. The rate for PAD with postpartum onset was 2.2% and for PDD 4.6%. Young mothers and mothers with a low education level had a heightened risk of developing depression following delivery.Conclusion:  Because of the clinical relevance of PAD, controlled studies and specialized programmes for prevention and treatment are urgently required.
Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2: histologic observations
Authors: Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Qahash Mohammed , Polimeni Giuseppe , Susin Cristiano , Shanaman Richard H. , Rohrer Michael D. , Wozney John M. , Hall Jan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground: Studies using ectopic rodent, orthotopic canine, and non‐human primate models show that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) coated onto titanium surfaces induce local bone formation. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of recombinant human BMP‐2 (rhBMP‐2) coated onto a titanium porous oxide implant surface to stimulate local bone formation including osseointegration and vertical augmentation of the alveolar ridge.Material and Methods: Bilateral, critical‐size, 5 mm, supra‐alveolar, peri‐implant defects were created in 12 young adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs. Six animals received implants coated with rhBMP‐2 at 0.75 or 1.5 mg/ml, and six animals received implants coated with rhBMP‐2 at 3.0 mg/ml or uncoated control. Treatments were randomized between jaw quadrants. The mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced, adapted and sutured to submerge the implants for primary intention healing. The animals received fluorescent bone markers at weeks 3, 4, 7 and 8 post‐surgery when they were euthanized for histologic evaluation.Results: Jaw quadrants receiving implants coated with rhBMP‐2 exhibited gradually regressing swelling that became hard to palpate disguising the contours of the implants. The histologic evaluation showed robust bone formation reaching or exceeding the implant platform. The newly formed bone exhibited characteristics of the adjoining resident Type II bone including cortex formation for sites receiving implants coated with rhBMP‐2 at 0.75 or 1.5 mg/ml. Sites receiving implants coated with rhBMP‐2 at 3.0 mg/ml exhibited more immature trabecular bone formation, seroma formation and peri‐implant bone remodelling resulting in undesirable implant displacement. Control implants exhibited minimal, if any, bone formation. Thus, implants coated with rhBMP‐2 at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/ml exhibited significant bone formation (height and area) compared with the sham‐surgery control averaging (±SD) 4.4±0.4, 4.2±0.7 and 4.2±1.2 versus 0.8±0.3 mm; and 5.0±2.2, 5.6±2.2 and 7.4±3.5 versus 0.7±0.3 mm2, respectively (p<0.01). All the treatment groups exhibited clinically relevant osseointegration.Conclusions: rhBMP‐2 coated onto titanium porous oxide implant surfaces induced clinically relevant local bone formation including vertical augmentation of the alveolar ridge and osseointegration. Higher concentrations/doses were associated with untoward effects.