bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedunculated oncocytic carcinoma in buccal mucosa: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies
Authors: Sugiyama T , Nakagawa T , Narita M , Nakamura S , Inui M , Tagawa T 
Published: May 2006

Purpose:  In this study we evaluated pedunculated oncocytic carcinoma (OC) in the buccal mucosa via immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.Patient and methods:  An 84‐year‐old man was referred to our clinic with a pedunculated mass about 4 cm in diameter in the right buccal mucosa. An incision biopsy revealed the diagnosis of oncocytic tumor, and enucleation was performed. The tumor was stained for immunohistochemical analysis using the ABC method and antibodies against cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), desmin, S‐100 protein and muscle‐specific actin, respectively. The tumor was stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for visualization by electron microscopy.Results:  Histopathology results revealed that the tumor consisted of oncocytic cells, characterized by eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm, and atypical nuclei. These cells had infiltrated local blood vessels, salivary glands and muscles. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that these cells were positive for CK and EMA, and negative for desmin, muscle‐specific actin and S‐100 protein. Electron microscopy revealed numerous dilated cytoplasmic mitochondria, and the cell contours and nucleic shapes of tumor cells were often irregular.Conclusions:  Because the histopathologic features of OC are similar to those of benign oncocytoma, the diagnosis of OC must be confirmed by a combination of clinical and ultrastructural characteristics.
FOUNDING A NEW SCIENCE: MIND GENOMICS
Authors: MOSKOWITZ HOWARD R. , GOFMAN ALEX , BECKLEY JACQUELINE , ASHMAN HOLLIS 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT We present in this article our vision for a new science, modeled on the emerging science of genomics and the technology of informatics. Our goal in this new science is to better understand how people react to ideas in a formal and structured way, using the principles of stimulus–response (from experimental psychology), conjoint analysis (from consumer research and statistics), Internet‐based testing (from marketing research) and multiple tests to identify patterns of mind‐sets (patterned after genomics). We show how this formal approach can then be used to construct new, innovative ideas in business. We demonstrate the approach using the development of new ideas for an electronic color palette for cosmetic products to be used by consumers.
CONFIDENCE ELLIPSES APPLIED TO THE COMPARISON OF SENSORY PROFILES
Authors: LÊ SÉBASTIEN , HUSSON FRANÇOIS , PAGÈS JÉRÔME 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT Our experiment involved seven panels and six chocolates – five dark chocolates and one milk chocolate. The aim of the study was to compare the sensory profiles of the chocolates. A natural question to ask is “Did the panelists detect any differences among the five dark chocolates or did they systematically contrast them with the milk chocolate?” The scatter plot of the chocolates obtained by principal component analysis was useless to answer that question, because of the proximity of the points. To overcome that, we used confidence ellipses calculated using bootstrap. The originality of the study lies in the fact that we applied those ellipses to hierarchical multiple factor analysis (HMFA): among the seven panels, six were composed of trained professionals and the last one was composed of untrained students, and through that method, we managed to compare the two types of panels and balance the role of each trained panel. HMFA provides in a single scatter plot a representation of the six chocolates for each panel, the trained panels and all the panels. Confidence ellipses around each chocolate show that the combined panels – the six trained panels and also the untrained panel – differentiate the five dark chocolates. They also show how much larger the untrained panel's variability is than that of the trained panels, and how comparable are the trained panels' variability to each other.
PERCEPTION OF MOUTHFEEL SENSATIONS ELICITED BY RED WINE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SENSITIVITY TO 6‐N‐PROPYLTHIOURACIL
Authors: PICKERING GARY J. , ROBERT GORDON 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between sensitivity to the bitterness of 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) – a genetically determined trait used as an index of general taste acuity – and a range of oral sensations elicited by 16 varietal red wines. Seventeen subjects were trained using descriptive analysis (DA) techniques and developed a lexicon consisting of three taste and 10 tactile attributes representing sensations experienced both in‐mouth (IM) and after expectoration (AE). Analysis of variance showed that PROP super‐tasters (ST) (n = 8) rated 11 of these 13 sensations differently compared to PROP nontasters (NT) (n = 8), specifically acidity, saltiness, heat/irritation, tingle/prickle, particulate IM, particulate AE, smoothness IM, smoothness AE, grippy/adhesive, mouthcoat and overall astringency. The greater sensitivity of ST to the textural components of red wine is discussed in the context of greater lingual acuity and implications for DA panels, psychophysics and wine consumer behavior.
SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBINATIONS OF CHEMICALS POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH BEANY AROMA IN FOODS
Authors: BOTT LACEY , CHAMBERS EDGAR 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT Combinations of chemicals often associated with beaniness in foods were studied using descriptive sensory analysis. A highly trained descriptive panel evaluated combinations (two chemicals at a time) of chemicals containing either one beany and one non‐beany chemical, two beany chemicals, or two non‐beany chemicals to determine whether an overall beany characteristic was present. Overall beany character was found in various combinations from each grouping, including combinations of chemicals that alone were not considered beany. As in previous research, not all levels of chemicals imparted beaniness. When beaniness was present, the intensity was in the low range. The highest overall beany intensity was detected in the combination of 1‐octen‐3‐one, a beany chemical, and hexanal, a non‐beany chemical. Hexanal is abundant in volatiles of soybean products, but does not impart beany aroma individually. Also, combinations of hexanal and other non‐beany chemicals produced an overall beany odor that was not found in the individual chemicals.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF OIL BLENDS BY ELECTRONIC NOSE TECHNIQUE AND SENSORY METHODS
Authors: RAJ PAVITHRA N. , PRAKASH MAYA , BHAT KODANGALA KESHAVA 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT Two oil blends comprising 70 parts of groundnut oil (GNO) or rice bran oil (RBO) and 30 parts of coconut oil (CNO) or palmolein (PO) blends were studied for odor quality changes during deep fat frying by sensory and electronic nose techniques. Poori, a common Indian product, was deep fat fried in the two blends; altogether 10 fryings were made for each blend. Sensory odor evaluation by the method of quantitative descriptive analysis showed that freshly prepared blends and the blends after first frying had the characteristic oily note. In GNO + CNO blend, these notes became subdued but the earthy odor increased on subsequent fryings. At the end of the 10th frying, the heated oil odor was significantly higher accompanied with marked increase in husk‐like and branny notes in RBO +PO blends. This was supported by the aroma pattern obtained by the electronic nose which showed discrimination between initial and fried oil samples. The consumer acceptance study conducted among the target groups using the hedonic scale showed that “poori” (fried product) fried in GNO +CNO blend had higher acceptance because of familiarity and liking for characteristic oil odor and aroma.
SENSORIAL CHARACTERISTICS DURING RIPENING OF THE MURCIA AL VINO GOAT'S MILK CHEESE: THE EFFECT OF THE TYPE OF COAGULANT USED AND THE SIZE OF THE CHEESE
Authors: TEJADA L. , ABELLÁN A. , CAYUELA J.M. , MARTÍNEZ‐CACHA A. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to study the sensorial characteristics of Murcia al Vino cheese made with different coagulants (animal rennet and powdered vegetable coagulant obtained from cardoon [Cynara cardunculus]) and of different weights (1 and 3 kg). The cheeses made with rennet showed less odor and taste intensities, a bit clearer color and were harder and grainier, but less creamy than the cheeses made with vegetable coagulant. The big cheeses were characterized by high wine odor, acid odor, wine taste, bitter taste, acid taste, and number, size and distribution of eyes notes. The small cheeses were distinguished by a high overall taste intensity, hardness, overall odor intensity, color, saltiness and graininess. Most of the sensorial characteristics were affected by the ripening time of the cheeses.
REGIONAL VARIATION IN SWEET SUPPRESSION
Authors: WARNOCK A.R. , DELWICHE J.F. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT Differences in the sweet‐blocking efficacy of 2‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy) propanoic acid (PMP) for different sweeteners (sucrose and aspartame) and for various exposure areas of the mouth were found. Twenty participants rated sweetener solutions with and without PMP for sweetness, sourness, saltiness, bitterness and umami for stimulation of anterior tongue, posterior tongue and whole‐mouth areas. For sweetness ratings, suppression was significant for all stimulation areas. In the presence of PMP, stimulation of the posterior tongue yielded significantly higher sweetness ratings than stimulation of the anterior tongue for aspartame but not for sucrose. Sourness and bitterness ratings were significantly higher for anterior tongue than posterior tongue stimulations for aspartame but not for sucrose. The increases in sourness ratings in the presence of PMP were likely because of the sour taste PMP has at the concentration used. Results imply a difference between the front and the back of the tongue in the mechanisms involved in the perception of sweetness.
SENSORY DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS AND CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY OF GODELLO WINES FROM VALDEORRAS APELLATION ORIGEN CONTROLÉE (NORTHWEST SPAIN)
Authors: VILANOVA MAR 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to describe and evaluate consumer responses to Godello wines from Valdeorras (Northwest Spain). Twenty Godello wines were evaluated using sensory descriptive analysis. The consumers (n = 100) evaluated the aroma of Godello wines and a total of 36 attributes were cited, which were then reduced to 19 after the elimination of hedonic terms and nonpertinent attributes according to statistical methods. Consumers smelled and tasted the different wines and the intensity of each attribute was rated on a 0 to 9‐point scale and scored their preferences. Apple, tropical fruit and drying were common sensory attributes among Godello wines. It was observed that there were important differences among consumers for most attributes, except for floral, tropical fruit, aroma intensity, silky, viscosity and fruit flavor. The statistically significant influence of gender on perception and acceptability was observed. The principal component analysis showed that the Godello wines were separated in terms of aroma attributes. Four Godello wines (GWs), GW1, GW2, GW8 and GW9 were the most preferred.
A New Method to Characterize Hydraulic Short‐Circuits in Defective Borehole Seals
Authors: Chesnaux R. , Chapuis R.P. , Molson J.W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA new approach has been developed to detect, characterize, and quantify hydraulic short‐circuits in boreholes with faulty seals. The methodology, applicable to an aquifer‐aquitard‐aquifer system, involves a series of successive, constant‐rate pumping tests in the lower aquifer while determining the leakage rate with a simultaneous nonreactive tracer test. During each pumping step, the tracer is injected under constant concentration and constant hydraulic head from a piezometer in the upper aquifer. If a seal defect exists, the tracer will follow the leak and will be recovered from the pumped water. The theoretical equations relate the leakage rate, the pumping rate, the concentration of the injected tracer, and the recovered concentration. Leakage rates can be determined for any pumping rate. The theory is tested using numerical analysis and a full‐scale field test.
Determining Anisotropic Transmissivity Using a Simplified Papadopulos Method
Authors: Heilweil Victor M. , Hsieh Paul A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe straight‐line method presented by Papadopulos requires a minimum of three observation wells for determining the transmissivity tensor of a homogeneous and anisotropic aquifer. A simplification of this method was developed for fractured aquifers where the principal directions of the transmissivity tensor are known prior to implementation, such as when fracture patterns on outcropping portions of the aquifer may be used to infer the principal directions. This new method assumes that observation wells are drilled along the two principal directions from the pumped well, thus reducing the required number of observation wells to two. This method was applied for an aquifer test in the fractured Navajo Sandstone of southwestern Utah and yielded minimum and maximum principal transmissivity values of 70 and 1800 m2/d, respectively, indicating an anisotropy ratio of ∼24 to 1.
Local Hydraulic Gradient Estimator Analysis of Long‐Term Monitoring Networks
Authors: McKenna Sean A. , Wahi Arun 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThree measurements of head at unique locations form a three‐point estimator of the local magnitude and orientation of the hydraulic gradient. The relative head measurement error (RHME) is defined here as the measurement error normalized by the head drop across the three‐point estimator. Monte Carlo simulation results show that estimators with base to height ratios between 0.5 and 5.0 and that are large enough to keep the RHME below 0.05 create the most accurate gradient estimates and provide criteria for identifying good estimators. These criteria are applied to an example ground water monitoring network design problem in the Culebra dolomite near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant repository to both analyze temporal changes and modify and expand the current monitoring network. Limiting the three‐point estimators to those that meet the shape and RHME criteria reduces the number of possible estimators by >50% and leads to ∼1 order of magnitude decrease in the average estimated magnitude of the gradient relative to using all estimators. Application of these criteria also reduces the variability in estimated gradient magnitude and orientation between the two time periods of measurements. Redundant wells in the network are identified by removing each existing well in turn and determining which removals yield the smallest decrease in the number of acceptable estimators. Optimal new well locations are identified by mapping the increase in total number of acceptable estimators for a single new well placed in the study domain.
Pumping Test Evaluation of Stream Depletion Parameters
Authors: Lough Hilary K. , Hunt Bruce 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDescriptions are given of a pumping test and a corresponding analysis that permit calculation of all five hydrogeological parameters appearing in the Hunt (2003) solution for stream depletion caused by ground water abstraction from a well beside a stream. This solution assumes that flow in the pumped aquifer is horizontal, flow in the overlying aquitard or system of aquitards is vertical, and the free surface in the top aquitard is allowed to draw down. The definition of an aquitard in this paper is any layer with a vertical hydraulic conductivity much lower than the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the pumped aquifer. These “aquitards” may be reasonably permeable layers but are distinguished from the pumped aquifer by their hydraulic conductivity contrast. The pumping test requires a complete set of drawdown measurements from at least one observation well. This well must be deep enough to penetrate the pumped aquifer, and pumping must continue for a sufficient time to ensure that depleted streamflow becomes a significant portion of the well abstraction rate. Furthermore, two of the five parameters characterize an aquitard that overlies the pumped aquifer, and values for these parameters are seen to be dependent upon the initial water table elevation in the aquitard. The field test analyzed herein used a total of eight observation wells screened in the pumped aquifer, and measurements from these wells gave eight sets of parameters that are used in a sensitivity analysis to determine the relative importance of each parameter in the stream depletion calculations.
Miniaturization of the Flowing Fluid Electric Conductivity Logging Technique
Authors: Su Grace W. , Quinn Nigel W.T. , Cook Paul J. , Shipp William 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAn understanding of the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and the depth distribution of salts is critical for evaluating the potential of ground water for conjunctive water use and for maintaining suitable ground water quality in agricultural regions where ground water is used extensively for irrigation and drinking water. The electrical conductivity profiles recorded in a well using the flowing fluid electric conductivity (FEC) logging method can be analyzed to estimate interval‐specific hydraulic conductivity and estimates of the salinity concentration with depth. However, operating irrigation wells commonly allow limited access, and the traditional equipment used for FEC logging cannot fit through the small access pipe intersecting the well. A modified, miniaturized FEC logging technique was developed for use in wells with limited access. In addition, a new method for injecting water over the entire screened interval of the well reduces the time required to perform FEC logging.
Developing a Long‐Term Monitoring Network Under Uncertain Flowpaths
Authors: Hassan Ahmed E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA long‐term monitoring well network is developed using complementary and simple approaches in conjunction with a stochastic ground water flow and transport model. The development is illustrated for a case study of a U.S. nuclear testing site (Shoal) that is undergoing environmental restoration. The network design builds on three different, yet complementary, tools for locating the monitoring wells with a main objective of detection monitoring. The first tool is applied to select potential siting horizons where monitoring wells could be located. The second tool is used to place monitoring wells in locations with high success probability. The success here is defined as the detection of migrating stochastic plumes before a certain mass percentage reaches a compliance boundary. The third tool is used to analyze detection efficiency of multiple combinations of three wells. Seventy‐six different three‐well networks are selected from 20 candidate locations and are evaluated for detection efficiency. From the 76 networks analyzed, 28 attain detection efficiency close to or above 70%. The results of the different analyses provide multiple alternatives for the locations of the three wells, which will become part of the long‐term monitoring network at Shoal. A number of combinations are equally good, and the final choice will depend on practical considerations and future agreements between model sponsor and regulators.
A Mechanism for Anomalous Decline in Radon Precursory to an Earthquake
Authors: Kuo M.C. Tom , Fan K. , Kuochen H. , Chen W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMechanisms for interpreting anomalous decreases in radon in ground water prior to earthquakes are examined with the help of a case study to show that radon potentially is a sensitive tracer of strain changes in the crust preceding an earthquake. The 2003 Chengkung earthquake of magnitude (M) 6.8 on December 10, 2003, was the strongest earthquake near the Chengkung area in eastern Taiwan since 1951. The Antung radon‐monitoring station was located 20 km from the epicenter. Approximately 65 d prior to the 2003 Chengkung earthquake, precursory changes in radon concentration in ground water were observed. Specifically, radon decreased from a background level of 780 pCi/L to a minimum of 330 pCi/L. The Antung hot spring is situated in a fractured block of tuffaceous sandstone surrounded by ductile mudstone. Given these geological conditions, we hypothesized that the dilation of brittle rock mass occurred at a rate faster than the recharge of pore water and gas saturation developed in newly created cracks preceding the earthquake. Radon partitioning into the gas phase may explain the anomalous decrease of radon precursory to the 2003 Chengkung earthquake. To support the hypothesis, vapor‐liquid, two‐phase radon‐partitioning experiments were conducted at formation temperature (60°C) using formation brine from the Antung hot spring. Experimental data indicated that the decrease in radon required a gas saturation of 10% developed in rock cracks. The observed decline in radon can be correlated with the increase in gas saturation and then with the volumetric strain change for a given fracture porosity.
General Database for Ground Water Site Information
Authors: De Dreuzy Jean‐Raynald , Bodin Jacques , Le Grand Hervé , Davy Philippe , Boulanger Damien , Battais Annick , Bour Olivier , Gouze Philippe , Porel Gilles 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn most cases, analysis and modeling of flow and transport dynamics in ground water systems require long‐term, high‐quality, and multisource data sets. This paper discusses the structure of a multisite database (the H+ database) developed within the scope of the ERO program (French Environmental Research Observatory, http://www.ore.fr). The database provides an interface between field experimentalists and modelers, which can be used on a daily basis. The database structure enables the storage of a large number of data and data types collected from a given site or multiple‐site network. The database is well suited to the integration, backup, and retrieval of data for flow and transport modeling in heterogeneous aquifers. It relies on the definition of standards and uses a templated structure, such that any type of geolocalized data obtained from wells, hydrological stations, and meteorological stations can be handled. New types of platforms other than wells, hydrological stations, and meteorological stations, and new types of experiments and/or parameters could easily be added without modifying the database structure. Thus, we propose that the database structure could be used as a template for designing databases for complex sites. An example application is the H+ database, which gathers data collected from a network of hydrogeological sites associated with the French Environmental Research Observatory.
Complexity
Authors: Gómez‐Hernández J. Jaime 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIt is difficult to define complexity in modeling. Complexity is often associated with uncertainty since modeling uncertainty is an intrinsically difficult task. However, modeling uncertainty does not require, necessarily, complex models, in the sense of a model requiring an unmanageable number of degrees of freedom to characterize the aquifer. The relationship between complexity, uncertainty, heterogeneity, and stochastic modeling is not simple. Aquifer models should be able to quantify the uncertainty of their predictions, which can be done using stochastic models that produce heterogeneous realizations of aquifer parameters. This is the type of complexity addressed in this article.