bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical chemistry values and tissue enzyme activities in western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville)
Authors: Bennett Mark D. , Woolford Lucy , O'Hara Amanda J. , Nicholls Philip K. , Warren Kristin S. 
Published: June 2008

Background:The western barred bandicoot,Perameles bougainville, is an endangered Australian marsupial species whose survival is threatened by a papillomatosis and carcinomatosis syndrome. Investigations to characterize this syndrome would benefit from species‐specific clinical chemistry data.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine plasma biochemical reference values and to determine enzyme activities in various tissues ofP. bougainville.Methods:Heparinized blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture from 53 clinically healthy bandicoots of both sexes and at 3 geographic locations. Plasma was analyzed for routine clinical chemistry variables using an automated biochemistry analyzer. Tissues obtained following humane euthanasia of 3 bandicoots were analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), α‐amylase (AML), and γ‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities.Results:Significant differences in the results were found for animals based on geographic location and sex; hence, results were expressed as minimum and maximum values. A population reference interval was calculated for AST activity (20–283 U/L). ALT was found mainly in the liver, with lower levels in cardiac and skeletal muscle and kidneys. AST was detectable in many tissues, including the heart, liver, kidneys, and central nervous system; CK was found in skeletal and cardiac muscle and central nervous system; AML was found in the pancreas; and GGT was found mainly in kidneys with lower levels in the intestines and pancreas.Conclusions:These findings will facilitate the interpretation of clinical chemistry results fromP. bougainvilleand thereby inform population management and clinical decision‐making.
The Liminous Environment and Human Behavior
Authors: Bartholomew Robert 
Published: June 2008

From these two pilot studies, it appears that there is minimal effect of artificial lighting on human behavior, at least under the conditions and with the subjects in this investigation. It is possible that a longitudinal study may have shown some behavioral responses to varying lighting conditions. However, a methodology has now been developed f o rfurther work in investigating luminous environment and behavior relationships.
Developing a Common Language between the Architect and Client
Authors: Sherman Michael P. 
Published: June 2008

In summary, before the architect can begin to design, he must be capable of developing a common language between himself and his client. This common language must be able to translate the verbal descriptors of the client into identifiable cues for the architect to use in order to establish design parameters. In essence there are three specific stages that must transpire for the formation of a successful common 1. Regeneration of the sensory perceptors. 2. Development of the sensory perceptors and expansion of the scope of the verbal descriptors. 3. The insertion of the tacit communion into the common language. If the architect is proficient in making buildings that are wonderful places, and has accomplished the development of the common verbal language, it is certain that the resulting dialogue will produce a final design that fully reflects the needs of the client.
Housing Types in Webster County, Nebraska 1870–1920
Authors: Skjelver Mabel R. 
Published: June 2008

Editor's Note: Due to the length of the article “Housing Types in Webster County, Nebraska 1870–1920,” and the decision by the editorial committee to publish it in its entirety, the introduction and section I & II are being printed in this issue. Part III and the conclusion will be printed in Vol. 8, Number 2, Fall 1982, of JIDER. We regret any inconvenience that this decision may bring to our readers. The first settlers arrived in Webster County, Nebraska in the spring of 1870. In recent years due to the current recognition of the early writings of Willa Cather (1873–1947), Webster County has come to stand as the prototype of the pioneer settlement of the plains. However, a casual look by the traveler at other Nebraska locations indicates that housing in Webster County is typical of early housing in other parts of the state. The original study of Webster County housing was partially funded by the Nebraska State Historical Society, The Center for Great Plains Studies and the patrons of the Webster County Historical Museum.
A Methodology for Teaching Interior Illumination: A Paper Presented at the Annual Conference of the Interior Design Educators Council, April 1982
Authors: Rey–Barreau Joseph A. 
Published: June 2008

Ultimately, the most important objective for the student is to develop a good understanding of the need to balance all the factors that can influence any lighting installation. For the designer, the engineering calculations should never become the primary consideration, but they must be considered as a major part of the final solution. Thus lighting becomes a matter of balance between quantity and quality, that is between science and art. The teaching procedures should make the student aware that through good lighting design he can not only provide a sufficient quantity of lighting, devoid of glare and veiling reflections, but also he/she should realize that lighting can be a useful tool; with the capacity for influencing interior environments as much as color, material textures, furnishings, and spatial forms.
Patterns of Furniture Consumption: Three Eastern North Carolina Counties, 1800–1899
Authors: Casto Marilyn D. 
Published: June 2008

Beaufort, Chowan, and Edgecomb counties were quite similar in patterns of furniture consumption. Types of advertisements were comparable and stemmed from three sources: local or regional cabinetmakers, wholesale and retail dealers who offered merchandise or catalogues, and merchants who operated general stores. In addition, local residents were able to obtain furniture from trust, estate, and other sales and by direct order through manufactureres or commission merchants. During the nineteenth century the frequency of advertisments by local cabinetmakers declined. By the middle of the century furniture advertisements from general stores were dominant. The tone of the notices suggested that consumers had no steady supply of particular items, but were dependent on varying shipments. Advertisements for furniture occurred far less frequently than those for other goods and services, particularly textiles. It was not until the end of the century that merchants began to emphasize furniture in their advertisements. Few advertisements from outside the counties appeared in newspapers. Other towns which were represented were Halifax, New Bern, Wilmington, and Murfreesboro. Most were from New Bern and Wilmington which were larger and more cosmopolitan towns. Dealers from Norfolk, Petersburg, Baltimore, and New York also advertised in newspapers from all three counties. A large portion of North Carolina's trade was with those areas, so it was logical that imported furniture would come from those regions. It was difficult to determine furniture styles from advertisements. However, it was clear that cabinetmakers and merchants were concerned with presenting the most fashionable styles. New York was often cited as the source of influence and materials.
A Study of Student Work in FIDER–Reviewed First Professional Degree Programs
Authors: Jackman Dianne , James Dennis C. 
Published: June 2008

Findings from the content analysis of FIDER Accreditation Reports to 91 first–professional degree programs in interior design are presented. The objectives of the study were to identify differences in FIDER evaluations of student work in relation to 1) academic setting (architecture, fine–arts, home economics/human ecology), 2) accreditation status, and 3) baccalaureate and professional school programs. The findings show that evaluation of student work is based on specific and professional concerns for effective interior design practice, and provide reliable indications of the Foundation's decision to award or deny accreditation.
Energy Conservation Practices in Alabama Residences
Authors: Roper Lydia L. , Darden Leatha A. , McLean Frances P. 
Published: June 2008

The reduction of energy costs related to heating homes is a concern of consumers. Interior designers are challenged to help their clients solve this problem in creative and aesthetically pleasing ways. It is important for designers to know what steps clients have taken to make homes more energy efficient. Such knowledge can provide a basis for interior design solutions which may not have been considered by clients. A random survey of 445 Alabama households showed the majority of homes were heated by either natural gas or electricity. Supplementary heat was used by one–third of the residents and one–third had added insulation. The most common method of conserving energy was to reduce thermostat settings. It was concluded that many clients have taken basic steps toward conserving energy. To realize additional savings professional knowledge of interior designers will be required.
Michael Graves’ Carlos Hall Reviewed
Authors: Harwood Buie , Hing Allan 
Published: June 2008

Editor's comment This review is one in a continuing series published by “the journal of interior design education and research.‘ This particular interior, the museum of art & Archaeology in Michael c. Carlos hall, was an adaptive reuse of an existing building at Emory university in Atlanta, Georgia, designed by Michael graves and completed in 1985.
Determining the Significance of Standardized Tests Administered to Entering Interior Design Majors
Authors: Kolar Jane , Gorman Mary Anne 
Published: June 2008

The Interior Design Program at Texas Christian University utilizes three differential aptitude tests and one art judgment test to measure a student's perceptual, mechanical, and art reasoning skills. The results of these texts are then used to illustrate strengths and weaknesses for each student. The purpose of this research was to statistically analyze the results of the test scores collected over the period of 1980–84 to determine if they could serve as predictors of those individuals who successfully entered the Interior Design Program. The results indicated that only the Art Judgement Test and an individual's GPA were significant predictors of entrance into the Interior Design Program. These findings support previous research that theorizes that perceptual and art ability can be taught to an individual regardless of previous experience in these skills.
The Significance of the Educational Philosophies of Walter Gropius for Interior Design Curricula
Authors: Dunbar Brian H. 
Published: June 2008

The faculty of the much maligned Bauhaus produced a manifesto filled with timeless, applicable directives for an all–encompassing design curriculum. The powerful principles and objectives were carefully laid out by Walter Gropius during and after his tenure as director of the Bauhaus. His philosophies can be applied directly to interior design curricular development. A separation of Gropius’ writings from the design work of Bauhaus associates, an easier task now than in the past, unlocks a realm of deep and thoughtful statements that pertain to and can have a powerful influence on the future of interior design education. The original manifesto of the Bauhaus and twelve of Gropius’ more profound edicts are examined for their potential application in course and program methodology in interior design education.
Supportive Home Environments for People with AIDS
Authors: Leibrock Cynthia , Birdsong Craig 
Published: June 2008

Simple, low technology design modifications believed to be relevant to individuals suffering from AIDS were investigated. Twelve health care providers (doctors, nurses, and home health workers) experienced in assisting people with AIDS in Fort Collins, Colorado and the metropolitan Denver area rated 159 design modification items grouped into II categories of physical limitations imposed by AIDS–related symptoms. Each item was rated for its usefulness to AIDS patients; 113 items were considered to be useful, and 80 of these were directly related to the furnishings, fixtures, and equipment within the home. Of the II categories of limitations, the health care providers considered those items grouped into the categories of respiratory limits, increasing reaction time, bowel incontinence, pain reduction, coordination limits, and reach limits to be most problematic. Those items grouped into the categories of limits of sight, strength, one–handed use, concentration, and hearing were considered to be important but less problematic. Interior designers can effectively improve the quality of life for people with AIDS through design prescriptions for supportive home environments. Such design prescriptions, personalized to the needs of the individual patient, can result from the design modification items investigated and offer people with AIDS the opportunity to live more creative and independent lives.
Entry–Level Competencies and Attributes Needed by Interior Design Graduates: A Survey of Top Interior Design Firms
Authors: Baker Iris J. , Sondhi Lydia E. 
Published: June 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the education, competencies, and attributes needed by persons seeking entry–level interior design positions as indicated by respondents from large commercial design firms identified as “top” in the country. The importance of examination by the National Council for Interior Design Qualification (NCIDQ) and of program accreditation by the Foundation for Interior Design Education and Research (FIDER) for entry–level designers was examined. This study revealed that large interior design firms are looking for entry–level personnel who critically think through design solutions based on design theories, communicate verbally and through graphic presentation, practice professional ethics, and present themselves as mature, enthusiastic, and well groomed. The profession is looking for conceptualizers over technicians. Comparisons with previous research indicate an increasing awareness of the importance of examination for professional qualification (NCIDQ) and accreditation of interior design programs.
Computer–Aided Design in Interior Design Programs: Status and Challenges
Authors: Clemons Stephanie , McLain–Kark Joan 
Published: June 2008

Use of computer–aided design (CAD) in higher education is increasingly prevalent because of innovations in hardware and software, lower prices for educational institutions, and improved technical support. Little research has been done on a national level to ascertain the amount of CAD instruction offered at institutions that teach interior design. This article reports a 1990 survey of the IDEC membership to determine the number of interior design programs that have incorporated CAD into their curricula, where and when the instruction occurred, who offered it, and how much time was devoted to teaching it during the term or semester. Frequency and percentage distributions were calculated using statistical analysis software. Of the 153 programs responding nationwide, 89 percent (136 schools) have incorporated CAD instruction. This percentage is higher than found in the few previous studies, indicating that the process of adapting CAD as a tool in the design education field is escalating. The survey helps identify challenges associated with ensuring optimal integration of CAD systems in the face of ongoing hardware and software innovations.
Comparing the Standards in Interior Design and Architecture to Assess Similarities and Differences
Authors: Harwood Buie 
Published: June 2008

In the professions of interior design and architecture, standards of education, experience, and examination provide a system for measuring quality, responsibility, and service. These standards establish criteria for professional competence and development and establish a framework for legal registration requirements and professional definitions. Although the standards have recently been updated, they have not been formally compared to assess their similarities and differences. This article addresses this comparison, as well as the relationship between these standards and recognized legal registration requirements and professional definitions. The overall goals are to clarify how the standards shape each profession and to determine whether the standards in interior design support the licensing of interior designers. Responding to allegations, conflicts, and restrictions in the two professions, this article addresses the underlying question of whether interior design standards compare favorably when measured against architectural standards. To facilitate a comparison, published and unpublished documents were obtained from various sources and the primary professional organi–zations–the Foundation for Interior DesignEducationResearch(FIDER), the Entry Level Monitored Internship Program (Jackman, Harwood, and Veitch, 1990), the National Council for Interior Design Qualification (NCIDQ), the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), the National Council for Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB), and from various state and provincial licensing bills. Reviewing this material shows that different knowledge is acquired in each profession. Interior designers are not educated, trained, or tested to be architects. Conversely, architects are not educated, trained, or tested to be interior designers. The professions are, however, complementary.
Defining Interior Design Programming
Authors: Kriebel Teresa M. , Birdsong Craig , Sherman Donald J. 
Published: June 2008

The objectives of this research were to define programming as it relates to the design of interior envi–ronments and identify the phases and components of interior design programming. The ultimate goal was to integrate existing design research and programming concepts to produce a definition and procedure that could be easily used by interior design educators and practitioners. An extensive review was conducted of literature that defined programming and identified phases or components of programming. Data from each source were entered on a coding sheet listing definitions of programming and its different phases and components. Following analysis of the data, a definition of programming was devised, three phases of programming were identified, and fourteen major components of programming were identified and described. The results of this study have implications for both interior design educators and practitioners as a method of documenting the attention given in the design process to issues of public health, safety, and welfare.
A Case for the Vertical Studio
Authors: Barnes James 
Published: June 2008

ISSUE: The “Vertical Studio” system challenges traditional, sequenced design studio organization by allowing students of various developmental and skill levels to interact and compete with one another in a topical, thesis–based studio. While the concept of a vertical studio is not unique to the RISD, this institution's experiences can serve to illustrate the benefits and drawbacks of this institutional system. APPLICATION: Many younger students are as skilled and insightful as their senior counterparts and bring to the studio an enthusiasm and fresh outlook that can be very stimulating and challenging to upperclassmen. RISD experience suggests that the combination of several peer groups in one studio, combined with the elective “choice” of studio, produces much higher student performance and a broader range of experiences than is possible in a traditional structure. GOAL: Self–motivation, independent thinking, and accelerated performance are primary developmental goals for the students. With the freedom to choose areas of study, faculty feel more creative, independent, and professionally connected to their teaching. DESCRIPTION: Several key components underpin the success of the vertical studio system at RISD. First is the belief that design education is not a linear process, but rather is experiential in nature. Second, a foundation level of training that clearly provides students with a mutually comprehensive core of values, skills, and techniques and nurtures motivation and independent thinking must be part of the system. Third, faculty must be willing to deal with students of varying levels of technical confidence in a single studio, and last, a sufficient number of meaningful studio choices that are both broad in topic and flexible in structure must be made available. CONCLUSION: Any system that allows free choice does so at the expense of rigorous control. The vertical studio provides considerable freedom of choice, but with this freedom come some distinct limitations and new responsibilities for both faculty and student.
Hands–On Approach to the Americans with Disabilities Act
Authors: Brent Ruth , Eubank Wanda , Danley Margaret , Graham Chuck 
Published: June 2008

ISSUE: Teaching, research, and practice were pursued for students and professionals who wanted to learn more about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). APPLICATION: A commonsense, hands–on approach is advocated. GOAL: An interior design program initiated the ADA workshop for program enrichment to stimulate firsthand understanding of the law. DESCRIPTION: Beginning with a three–day public workshop, professionals and students came together in an ADA field experience to identify barriers and prioritize the removal of architectural and communication barriers in specified places. The workshop began with a pretest, was followed by a design charrette format, and concluded with a post–test. Participants, armed with a systematic checklist, videocamera, and an ADA expert, to spent from 3–6 hours evaluating sites and preparing their reports. CONCLUSION: Workshop participants showed a 25% improvement based on test scores in overall understanding and application of ADA Accessibility Guidelines. This workshop led to increased program visibility, extension programming, community leadership, and professional opportunities for students.
The Propensity of State Legislatures to License Interior Designers
Authors: Guice Jane H. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to identify variables to be used in creating a licensing propensity model that would predict the likelihood that state legislatures will regulate the occupation of interior design. RESEARCH DESIGN: The history of occupational licensing and licensing of interior designers was reviewed to explore what has happened in the past and where the issue stands today. The review of the literature identified ten variables to be considered for the model. Data were acquired from primary sources, government sources, and professional associations. ANALYSIS: Frequencies, chi–squares, t–tests, and logistic regression analysis were performed on the variables, using the statistical package SPSS. KEY FINDINGS: Analysis of the data indicated that two variables, the number of lawyers in a state legislature and the ratio of interior designers to the population of a state, were significant. Results indicated that these variables accurately predicted 73% of the cases in the criterion variable, the presence or absence of licensure of interior designers in a state in those states that have addressed the issue. CONCLUSIONS: Since the key findings suggest that licensing legislation is essentially driven by demand, interior designers should study and develop an understanding of politics and the political process. Not only would this benefit them in their efforts to gain licensure but it would make them better citizens who are not afraid of seeking change in government and its regulations.