bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on cultured fibroblasts from patients with defects of biotin‐dependent carboxylation
Authors: Bartlett K. , Ng H. , Dale G. , Green A. , Leonard J. V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSeven patients with inborn defects of biotin‐dependent enzymes are described. The results of studies of fibroblast carboxylases and an account of the problems associated with their measurement are given.
The adult presenting idiopathic fanconi syndrome
Authors: Brenton D. P. , Isenberg D. A. , Cusworth D. C. , Garrod P. , Krywawych S. , Stamp T. C. B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe adult presenting Fanconi syndrome is a rare familial disorder. A 30‐year follow‐up of one of the original families in the literature is reported here. Two important points have emerged. Firstly, the inheritance in this family is dominant, not recessive as originally suggested, and there remains no good example in the literature of a recessive inheritance of this disorder. Second, in this family lactic aciduria and tubular proteinuria are probably the earliest manifestations of the disorder in childhood, with glycosuria and aminoaciduria developing in the second decade and osteomalacia from the start of the fourth decade. Glomerular function deteriorates slowly but is compatible with a normal lifespan.
On the Ginzburg–Landau model of a superconducting ball in a uniform field
Authors: Alama Stan , Bronsard Lia , Montero J. Alberto 
Published: December 2005

We consider the three-dimensional Ginzburg–Landau model for a solid spherical superconductor in a uniform magnetic field, in the limit as the Ginzburg–Landau parameter

\kappa = 1/ ɛ\rightarrow \infty

. By studying a limiting functional, we identify a candidate for the lower critical field

H_{c_{1}}

, the value of the applied field strength at which minimizers first exhibit vortices. For applied fields of this strength we show the existence of locally minimizing solutions with vortices located along a diameter of the sphere parallel to the applied field direction. To analyze these problems we use a combination of techniques, involving least perimeter problems, weak Jacobians and rectifiable currents, and special Hodge decompositions.

Résumé

Nous étudions la limite quand le paramètre de Ginzburg–Landau

\kappa = {}^{1}/_{ɛ}\rightarrow \infty

pour le modèle de Ginzburg–Landau en trois dimension dans le cas d'une boule placée dans un champ magnétique uniforme. Nous identifions une fonctionnelle limite qui nous permet de trouver le premier champ critique

H_{c_{1}}

, c'est à dire le champ au dessus duquel les minimiseurs commencent à presenter des vortex. Nous montrons qu'il existe des solutions localement minimisantes ayant des vortex le long du diamètre de la boule qui est parallèle au champ appliqué quand sa norme est de l'ordre de

H_{c_{1}}

. Nous nous servons de techniques provenant de la théorie de la mesure géométrique, incluant les jacobiens faibles et les courants rectifiables, ainsi que de techniques provenant de problèmes de minimisation de périmètre.
Global subanalytic solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi type equations
Authors: Trélat Emmanuel 
Published: December 2005

In the 80's, Crandall and Lions introduced the concept of viscosity solution, in order to get existence and/or uniqueness results for Hamilton–Jacobi equations. In this work, we first investigate the Dirichlet and Cauchy–Dirichlet problems for such equations, where the Hamiltonian is associated to a problem of calculus of variations, and prove that, if the data are analytic, then the viscosity solution is moreover subanalytic. We then extend this result to Hamilton–Jacobi equations stemming from optimal control problems, in particular from sub-Riemannian geometry, which are generalized eikonal equations.
As a consequence, the set of singularities of the viscosity solutions of such Hamilton–Jacobi equations is a subanalytic stratified manifold of codimension greater than or equal to one.
Rickety Bridges: Using the Media in Deliberative Democracy
Authors: PARKINSON JOHN 
Published: December 2005

It is a fairly common criticism of deliberative democratic ideals that one cannot involve thousands, let alone millions, of people in a decision-making process and still retain its deliberative character, at least not in any sense as strict as those of the classic expositions of deliberative democratic principles. Various solutions to this scale problem have been proposed, but implicit in most deliberative designs is the media solution. People can watch the debate unfold on television, can listen to it on the radio, can follow it, or even contribute to a limited extent, online. This is supposed to ensure not only that deliberation is subject to the check of publicity, but also that it is dispersed throughout the public sphere.This is precisely the idea behind James Fishkin's deliberative poll technique, designed to be televised so that deliberation among a few would be brought to ‘an audience of millions’, ‘bridging the gap’ between informed and uninformed opinion, and acting as a ‘catalyst’ to change the nature of discussion on a topic in a broader community. But what happens when we rely on the media to bear the weight of responsibility for generating links between insiders and outsiders in public deliberation? The media are not broad pipes which simply convey whatever is put into them but, like all institutions, shape that input in sometimes significant ways. If we are to understand the value of the media in addressing problems of deliberative scale, we need to understand those institutional effects.In this Research Note I examine the effects the media had on the kinds of information transferred from deliberators to audience in a deliberative poll that took place in the United Kingdom in July 1998.
An integrated approach to crop/livestock systems: Forage and grain production for swath grazing
Authors: Tanaka D.L. , Karn J.F. , Liebig M.A. , Kronberg S.L. , Hanson J.D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCurrent agricultural systems are the result of decoupling crop/livestock enterprises for short-term economic gain at the expense of long-term sustainability. Objectives of our research were to determine the influences of winter grazing dry gestating beef cows on no-till forage and grain production, water-use efficiency, and protein and phosphorus (P) production for an oat/pea–triticale/sweet clover–corn 3-year cropping system. Oat/pea and triticale crops were harvested for grain, with the straw and chaff left in swaths after harvest for winter grazing. Drilled corn for forage was swathed in late September. Cropping system treatments were: (1) straw and corn chopped and left in place (IP); (2) straw and corn baled and removed without livestock (R); and (3) straw and corn swath grazed by livestock (L). The first winter for grazing dry, bred cows was in 1999–2000; therefore, no treatment differences occurred for the 1999 crop. In 2000, oat/pea and triticale grain and straw production for the IP treatment was about half of the production for the R treatment, because of low oat/pea and triticale plant stands on the IP treatment. Averaged over all years, corn was about 1.5 times more efficient in using water for dry matter production when compared to oat/pea or triticale. Generally, protein and P production, on a unit area basis, were highest for corn and lowest for triticale. Averaged over 4 years, about half of the nitrogen used for protein production was derived from sources other than applied commercial fertilizer. Data suggest that more than 4 years of research are needed to understand cropping system and animal interactions on forage and grain production in integrated crop/livestock systems, with trends in year four suggesting that livestock may enhance forage and grain production.
Multiple Alignment of protein structures and sequences for VMD
Authors: Eargle John , Wright Dan , Luthey-Schulten Zaida 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Multiple Alignment is a new interface for performing and analyzing multiple protein structure alignments. It enables viewing levels of sequence and structure similarity on the aligned structures and performing a variety of evolutionary and bioinformatic tasks, including the construction of structure-based phylogenetic trees and minimal basis sets of structures that best represent the topology of the phylogenetic tree. It is implemented as a plugin for VMD (Visual Molecular Dynamics), which is distributed by the NIH Resource for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics at the University of Illinois.
Availability: Both binary and source code downloads for VMD 1.83, which includes Multiple Alignment, are available from . The Multidimensional QR factorization algorithm is available at
Contact: multiseq@scs.uiuc.edu
The properties of foams and lattices
Authors: Ashby M.F 
Published: December 2005

Man and nature both exploit the remarkable properties of cellular solids, by which we mean foams, meshes and microlattices. To the non-scientist, their image is that of soft, compliant, things: cushions, packaging and padding. To the food scientist they are familiar as bread, cake and desserts of the best kind: meringue, mousse and sponge. To those who study nature they are the structural materials of their subject: wood, coral, cancellous bone. And to the engineer they are of vast importance in building lightweight structures, for energy management, for thermal insulation, filtration and much more.When a solid is converted into a material with a foam-like structure, the single-valued properties of the solid are extended. By properties we mean stiffness, strength, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, electrical resistivity and so forth. And the extension is vast—the properties can be changed by a factor of 1000 or more. Perhaps the most important concept in analysing the mechanical behaviour is that of the distinction between astretch- and abending-dominated structure. The first is exceptionally stiff and strong for a given mass; the second is compliant and, although not strong, it absorbs energy well when compressed. This paper summarizes a little of the way in which the mechanical properties of cellular solids are analysed and illustrates the range of properties offered by alternative configurations.
High surface area silicon materials: fundamentals and new technology
Authors: Buriak Jillian M 
Published: December 2005

Crystalline silicon forms the basis of just about all computing technologies on the planet, in the form of microelectronics. An enormous amount of research infrastructure and knowledge has been developed over the past half-century to construct complex functional microelectronic structures in silicon. As a result, it is highly probable that silicon will remain central to computing and related technologies as a platform for integration of, for instance, molecular electronics, sensing elements and micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems.
Porous nanocrystalline silicon is a fascinating variant of the same single crystal silicon wafers used to make computer chips. Its synthesis, a straightforward electrochemical, chemical or photochemical etch, is compatible with existing silicon-based fabrication techniques. Porous silicon literally adds an entirely new dimension to the realm of silicon-based technologies as it has a complex, three-dimensional architecture made up of silicon nanoparticles, nanowires, and channel structures. The intrinsic material is photoluminescent at room temperature in the visible region due to quantum confinement effects, and thus provides an optical element to electronic applications.
Our group has been developing new organic surface reactions on porous and nanocrystalline silicon to tailor it for a myriad of applications, including molecular electronics and sensing. Integration of organic and biological molecules with porous silicon is critical to harness the properties of this material. The construction and use of complex, hierarchical molecular synthetic strategies on porous silicon will be described.
Managing learner's expectations
Authors: Bell Christine 
Published: December 2005

PurposeTo explore ways in which organizations can start moving from training‐centered approaches to learner‐centered approaches.Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on work that the author has done with a variety of organizations that has helped to provide a transition from teaching to learning.FindingsTo move from training to learning needs learners to be involved and informed otherwise they will devalue the learning experience.Practical implicationsThe article is about small‐scale changes that can be made to support learners in the transition period.Originality/valueThe article will be of value to managers and learning specialists who want to be more innovative in their design of learning programs.
Mentoring and the legal profession
Authors: Clutterbuck David 
Published: December 2005

PurposeTo highlight and explore the reasons behind bad practice in mentoring among law firms, and to suggest how this can be rectified.DesignThe article is based on extensive research into mentoring programs in legal firms, which is benchmarked against my leading research into mentoring best practice.FindingsIneffective mentoring in the legal profession is evident due to lack of clarity of purpose, a lack of understanding of mentoring as a development process, ineffective mentoring dialogue and low emotional intelligence amongst many workers in the industry. All of these barriers need to be overcome for firms to see the real benefits of mentoring.Practical implicationsThe article suggests key areas in which legal firms must effect change in order for mentoring to have a real effect on development and bring a host of related benefits.Originality/valueThe article will be of value to those in the legal profession who wish to develop their employees/themselves through effective mentoring. It is also a little‐explored area of mentoring study.
Role of Cys‐603 in dimer/oligomer formation of the breast cancer resistance protein BCRP/ABCG2
Authors: Kage Kumie , Fujita Toshiro , Sugimoto Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2005

Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a half‐molecule ATP‐binding cassette transporter that we have previously suggested might function as a homodimer, bridged by disulfide bonds. In the present study, we carried out cysteine‐scanning mutagenesis, substituting Ser for Cys, and established 12 PA317 transfectants expressing BCRP mutants with possible disruptions to their S–S bonds. Western blot analysis of BCRP from the wild‐type transfectants (PA/WT) confirmed that the wild‐type protein migrates as a 140‐kDa dimer under non‐reducing conditions, but as a 70‐kDa monomer under reducing conditions. However, under non‐reducing conditions the BCRP‐C603S mutant migrated both as a 70‐kDa monomer and a 140‐kDa dimer, whereas all other mutant BCRP migrated only as dimers. PA317 cells transfected with C603S‐BCRP (PA/C603S) showed either similar or only marginally lower SN‐38 resistance than PA/WT cells, despite the reduced levels of BCRP dimer in these cells. Moreover, the degree of SN‐38 resistance in the mutant BCRP transfectants was found to be associated with the monomer expression levels under reducing conditions. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the BCRP mRNA levels were similar in the transfectants. We subsequently generated six C603X mutants of BCRP (X = D, H, R, Y, A and W) and carried out western blot analysis and drug sensitivity assays. The results were equivalent to those from the PA/C603S cells, with some variations that again corresponded to the monomer levels. Our findings suggest that Cys‐603 is an important residue in the covalent bridge between BCRP monomers but that a functioning unit of BCRP may not necessarily require covalent linkages. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 866–872)
µ‐Opiate receptor agonists – a new pharmacological approach to prevent motion sickness?
Authors: Otto Bärbel , Riepl Rudolf L. , Otto Carsten , Klose Joachim , Enck Paul , Klosterhalfen Sibylle 
Published: December 2005

AimsStress hormones might be involved in motion sickness. The influence of loperamide on kinetosis‐induced nausea and stress hormone release was investigated in a placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study.MethodsStandardized rotation around the vertical axis combined with head movements was used to induce nausea 3 h after 16 mg loperamide or placebo (n = 8). Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and nausea ratings were investigated.ResultsAfter loperamide nausea was significantly lower (P < 0.02). ACTH (P < 0.05) and ADH levels (P < 0.02) increased significantly in both settings, but were lower after loperamide.ConclusionsThe susceptibility to develop kinetosis‐induced nausea and stress hormone release is decreased by loperamide, although the site of action remains speculative.
The effects of near‐surface conditions on anisotropy parameter estimations from 4C seismic data
Authors: Traub Bärbel , Li Xiang‐Yang 
Published: December 2005

ABSTRACTWe present a study of anisotropic parameter estimation in the near‐surface layers for P‐wave and converted‐wave (C‐wave) data. Near‐surface data is affected by apparent anisotropy due to a vertical velocity compaction gradient. We have carried out a modelling study, which showed that a velocity gradient introduces apparent anisotropy into an isotropic medium. Thus, parameter estimation will give anomalous values that affect the imaging of the target area.The parameter estimation technique is also influenced by phase reversals with diminishing amplitude, leading to erroneous parameters. In a modelling study using a near‐surface model, we have observed phase reversals in near‐surface PP reflections. The values of the P‐wave anisotropy parameter η estimated from these events are about an order of magnitude larger than the model values. Next, we use C‐wave data to estimate the effect of anisotropy (χ) and compute η from these values. These calculated η‐values are closer to the model values, and NMO correction with both η‐values shows a better correction for the calculated value. Hence, we believe that calculating η from χ gives a better representation of the anisotropy than picked η from the P‐wave.Finally, we extract the anisotropy parameters η and χ from real data from the Alba Field in the North Sea. Comparing the results with reference values from a model built according to well‐log, VSP and surface data, we find that the parameters show differences of up to an order of magnitude. The η‐values calculated from the C‐wave anisotropy parameter χ fit the reference values much better and show values of the same order of magnitude.
High‐resolution depth imaging with sparseness‐constrained inversion
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Wapenaar Kees 
Published: December 2005

ABSTRACTAn imaging technique is developed which exceeds the resolution limitation prescribed by conventional seismic imaging methods. The high‐resolution imaging is obtained by introducing a sparseness‐constrained least‐squares inversion into the imaging process of prestack depth migration. This is implemented by a proposed interference technique. In contrast to conventional depth migration, a decomposed signal or combined event, instead of the source wavelet, is needed in the proposed scheme. The proposed method aims to image a small local region with a higher resolution using the prestack data set. It should be applied following conventional depth imaging if a higher resolution is needed in a target zone rather than replacing the conventional depth imaging for the entire medium. Synthetic examples demonstrate the significant improvements in the resolution using the proposed scheme.
Unexpected biodiversity loss under global warming in the neotropical Guayana Highlands: a preliminary appraisal
Authors: RULL VALENTÍ , VEGAS‐VILARRÚBIA TERESA 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe fully vegetated summits of the table mountains that form the Guayana Highlands (GH), in northern South America, hold amazing biodiversity and endemism levels, and unique vegetation types. In spite of their present‐day healthy appearance, their biota is seriously threatened of habitat loss by upward displacement, because of the projected warming for the end of this century. Available data are still insufficient for a definite assessment, but preliminary estimations based on representative endemic vascular plant species show that roughly one‐tenth to one‐third of them would loss their habitat with the 2–4°C temperature increase predicted for the region by AD 2100. Given the underlying endemism, the eventual loss of biodiversity will be of global nature. Other mountain ranges around the world with similar characteristics of the GH, namely topographical isolation, high endemism and absence of nival stage because of the lower altitude, would be under similar unexpected risk, and should be urgently considered for conservation purposes.
Soil respiration in a Mediterranean oak forest at different developmental stages after coppicing
Authors: TEDESCHI VANESSA , REY ANA , MANCA GIOVANNI , VALENTINI RICCARDO , JARVIS PAUL G. , BORGHETTI MARCO 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTo assess the variation of soil respiration at different forest stages we measured it in a coppiced oak (Quercus cerris L.) chronosequence in central Italy during two campaigns, spanning 2 successive years, in four stands at different stages of the rotation: 1 year (S1), 5 years (S5), 10 years (S10) and 17 years (S17) after coppicing. The contribution of the different components of soil respiration flux (aboveground litter, belowground decomposition soil organic matter and root respiration) was estimated by a paired comparison of manipulative experiments between the recently coppiced stand (S1) and mature stand (S17).Ninety percent of soil respiration values were between 1.7 and 7.8 μmol m−2 s−1, with an overall mean (±SD) of 4.0±2.7 μmol m−2 s−1. Spatial variation of soil respiration was high (CV=44.9%), with a mean range (i.e. patch size) of 4.8±2.7 m, as estimated from a semivariance analysis.In the absence of limitation by soil moisture, soil respiration was related to soil temperature with the exponential Q10 model (average Q10=2.25). During summer, soil moisture constrained soil respiration and masked its dependence on soil temperature. Soil respiration declined over the years after coppicing. Assuming a linear decline with stand age, we estimated a reduction of 24% over a 20‐year‐rotation cycle. The response of soil respiration to temperature also changed with age of the stands: the Q10 was estimated to decrease from 2.90 in S1 to 2.42 in S17, suggesting that different components or processes may be involved at different developmental stages. The contribution of heterotrophic respiration to total soil respiration flux was relatively larger in the young S1 stand than in the mature S17 stand.