bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrinsic Carrier-photogeneration in Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)
Authors: Okamoto Ken-ichi , Itaya Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The carrier-photogeneration efficiency of holes in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVCz) films was investigated by means of the time-of-flight method as a function of applied electric field, temperature, and excitation band. The extrinsic effects on the efficiency were examined; these included photooxidation of film surface and doping with a weak electron-acceptor, dimethyl terephthalate (DMTP). The experimental results were analyzed according to the Onsager theory of geminate recombination of a bound electron-hole pair with an interionic separation of ro. The primary yield of the electron-hole pair, φo, increased from 0.02 to 0.059 with decreasing excitation wavelength. By photooxidation, it increased up to 0.09 for all the excitation bands. The ro was independent of the excitation band, and was identical between fresh and photooxidized films. In DMTP(1.8 mol%)-doped films, both φo and ro were independent of the excitation band, although their values were different from those of undoped films. These results indicate that the extrinsic carrier-photogeneration via nonrelaxed exciplexes formed between singlet excitons and acceptor-like impurities or photooxidation products is predominant in PVCz films for all the excitation bands.
Synthesis of Several New Pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles, Imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles, and Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines. Reaction of Nitrilimines with Amino- and Oxo-substituted Azoles. II
Authors: Elgemeie Galal Eldin Hamza , Elfahham Hassan Attia , Ghozlan Said Ahmed Soliman , Elnagdi Mohamed Hilmy 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactivity of amino and hydroxy azoles toward nitrilimines and hydrazonoyl halides was investigated. Several novel rotes for synthesis of derivatives of known heterocyclic systems are reported.
Determination of Solubility Products of Rare Earth Fluorides by Fluoride Ion-selective Electrode
Authors: Itoh Hisako , Hachiya Hiromitsu , Tsuchiya Masashi , Suzuki Yasuo , Asano Yasukazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Solubility product values of the rare earth fluorides were determined potentiometrically by using fluoride ion-selective electrodes at 25.0 °C. The pKsp values of the lanthanoid fluorides decreased gradually from 20.0 to 16.9, while the value for yttrium fluoride was locate in between those of terbium and dysprosium fluorides. The value for scandium fluoride was appreciably smaller than any of the lanthanoid fluorides, as expected from the cationic radii. The solubility product value of lanthanum fluoride single crystal could not be determined, since the saturated solution was not obtained through measurements of over three months.
Hydrates of Organic Compounds. VIII. The Effect of Carboxylate Anions on the Formation of Clathrate Hydrates of Tetrabutylammonium Carboxylates
Authors: Nakayama Haruo , Torigata Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solid-liquid phase diagrams of binary mixtures of tetrabutylammonium carboxylates, (n-C4H9)4 NOOCR (R=H-n-C10H21 including various alkyl groups replaced by either methyl or ethyl group), with water were examined in order to confirm the formation of clathrate-like hydrates. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) for 14 carboxylates the formation of a clathrate-like hydrate is newly confirmed; (2) judging from melting points and hydration numbers, the hydrates can be classified into three groups: I, II, and III; (3) the group I hydrates, formed by the carboxylates with R=H, CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7, and t-C4H9, have hydration numbers around 30 and are the most stable hydrates among those examined in this experiment, with the exceptions of 2-methylpropionate and 2,2-dimethylpropionate hydrates; (4) the group II hydrates, with hydration numbers around 39, are formed by the salts with R=n-C4H9, s-C4H9, i-C4H9, and all the C5H11, and are relatively unstable (mp=5–11 °C); (5) the group III hydrates, with hydration numbers around 30 like the group I hydrates, are formed by the carboxylates with long alkyl chains from n-C6H13 to n-C10H21 and are generally unstable; and (6) judging from the hydration number, the crystal structure of the group I and III hydrates seems to be isomorphous with a tetrabutylammonium fluoride hydrate, and that of the group II hydrates with a tetrabutylammonium benzoate hydrate.
Pressure Effects on the Hydrolysis of Acetanilide Catalyzed by Cyclodextrins
Authors: Makimoto Syoichi , Suzuki Keizo , Taniguchi Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of the hydrolysis of p-nitrotrifluoroacetanilide (pNFA) catalyzed by α- and β-cyclodextrins (α-, β-CD) were measured at pressures up to 2 kbar at 25 °C and at pH 6.9 in a 0.05 M Tris buffer solution. The substrate binding constants, K, and the rate constants of the acylation process, kacyl, increased monotonically up to 2 kbar. From the pressure dependence of K, the volume changes (ΔV) accompanying the formation of the inclusion complexes at 1 bar were −3±2 cm3/mol for α-CD–pNFA and −2±2 cm3/mol for β-CD–pNFA. The activation volumes (ΔV) for the cleavage of the anilide molecule in the acylation process were −25±2 cm3/mol for α-CD–pNFA and −18±2 cm3/mol for β-CD–pNFA. The reaction mechanisms of the cleavage of the anilide substrte by CDs were discussed on the basis of the volume parameters (ΔV and ΔV*).
Corrections for Intensity Data in Energy-dispersive X-Ray Diffractometry of Liquids. Application to Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Nishikawa Keiko , Iijima Takao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The procedure of the analysis of the diffraction intensity of liquids obtained by the energy-dispersive method has been revised and improved. A new method for determining the energy spectrum of the primary beam is presented. The escape correction, the slit correction and the correction for multiple scattering have been newly applied. Scattering of X-rays from liquid CCl4 has been measured and its structure function has been obtained by an improved procedure.
Photoelectron Angular Distribution and Assignment of Photoelectron Spectrum of Ozone
Authors: Katsumata Shunji , Shiromaru Haruo , Kimura Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the first three ionized states of ozone the ordering of 2A1, 2B2 and 2A2 states has so far been controversial both experimentally and theoretically. The present work establishes assignment of the 2A2 state by using the characteristic of electron energy dependence of an asymmetry parameter (β) of photoelectron angular distribution measured with NeI, HeI, and NeII resonance radiation. From measurements of photoelectron spectra of ozone with NeI, HeI, and HeII radiation, we newly find that two bands centered at 16.50 and 17.6 eV exhibit vibrational structures with the spacings of about 850 and about 1000 cm−1, respectively. Furthermore abnormally weak bands are also confirmed at 22.7, 24.1, and 26.8 eV in the Hell spectrum.
Ni(0)-Trialkylphosphine Complexes. Efficient Homo-coupling Catalyst for Aryl, Alkenyl, and Heteroaromatic Halides
Authors: Takagi Kentaro , Hayama Naomi , Sasaki Ken 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bis(trialkylphosphine)nickel(0) generated in situ from bis(trialkylphosphine)nickel(II) chloride was found to be an effective catalyst for a homo-coupling of aryl, alkenyl, or heteroaromatic halides with zinc powder. The catalytic reaction proceeded very well in NMP or HMPA solvent under mild conditions to afford dehalogenative-coupling products in good yields.
Syntheses of Polythia[n]ferrocenophanes and Polythia[n.n]ferrocenophanes. Marocyclic Polysulfide Ligands Containing a Ferrocene Nucleus
Authors: Sato Masaru , Tanaka Sinsuke , Ebine Seiji , Akabori Sadatoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1,1′-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)ferrocene reacted with disodium 1,2-ethanedithiolate to give 1,4,7,10-tetrathia[10]ferrocenophane and 1,4,7,10,22,25,28,31-octathia[10.10]ferrocenophane, along with unexpected 1,4,7-trithia[7]ferrocenophane, 1,4,7,10,13-pentathia[13]ferrocenophane and 1,4,7,10,13,25,28,31,34-nonathia[10.13]ferrocenophane. The reaction of 1,1′-bis(2-chloroethylthio)ferrocene with disodium 1,3-propanedithiolate gave 1,4,-8,11-tetrathia[11]ferrocneophane. 1,1′-Bis(3-chloropropylthio)ferrocene reacted with disodium 1,2-ethanedithiolate and 1,3-propanedithiolate to afford 1,5,8,12-tetrathia[12]ferrocenophane and 1,5,8,12,24,27,31,34-octathia[12.12]ferrocenophane, and 1,5,9,13-tetrathia[13]ferrocenophane, respectively. The structural features of the above polythia[n]ferrocenophanes are also discussed on the bases of their spectral data.
Effect of M-series PRBS Modulation on the Time Resolution in Correlation Photoacoustics
Authors: Sugitani Yoshinori , Uejima Akinori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Time resolution in the first kind correlation photoacoustics using the M-series PRBS mechanical light modulator was experimentally checked. It was found that the time resolution limited by the mechanical chopper was more determinative than that by the microphone detector or the time delay unit in the experimental system used.
The Reactions of Nitrile Oxides with Methoxy p-Benzoquinones
Authors: Hayakawa Tohru , Araki Koji , Shiraishi Shinsaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides with methoxy p-benzoquinones are discussed in terms of FMO theory. The unusual reaction pattern of methoxy p-benzoquinones with nitrile oxides is interpreted by considering both antibonding secondary orbital interaction and SHOMO(quinone)–LUMO (nitrile oxide) interaction.
A Convenient Synthesis of 2-Acylmethyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolines. Useful Reagents for β-Keto Ester Synthesis
Authors: Tohda Yasuo , Kawashima Toshihide , Ariga Masahiro , Akiyama Ryohei , Shudoh Hiroshi , Mori Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Acylation of 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxazoline with acid chlorides having no α-proton and triethylamine gave C,N-diacylated products. Hydrolysis of the products with potassium hydroxide gave the enols of 2-acylmethyl-oxazolines, which were selectively C-monoalkylated by alkyl halides.
Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate. Highly Lipophilic Stable Anionic Agent for Solvent-extraction of Cations
Authors: Nishida Hiroshi , Takada Naoko , Yoshimura Masaji , Sonoda Takaaki , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB) anion was highly lipophilic, practically insoluble in water, and durable against acid and oxidants. Partition equilibria of alkali TFPB between water and organic solvents and the stability in acid media are described and compared with the properties of the parent tetraphenylborate and of some fluorine-containing homologues.
Preparation of 5-Substituted-2-pyrrolin-4-ones from N-(4-Oxo-2-pyrrolin-5-yl)sulfoximines
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Bando Shoichi , Nakajima Shosuke , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In trifluoroacetic acid, immonium cations were generated from S,S-dimethylsulfoximines in which the pyrrolinone ring was substituted. Nucleophiles such as alcohols, thiocyanic acid, thiols, or acetylacetone reacted with the immonium salts to yield 5-substituted 2-pyrrolin-4-ones.
Oxidation of 2,6-Bis(hydroxymethyl)phenols to 2-Hydroxyisophthalaldehydes by MnO2
Authors: Taniguchi Shozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A facile and direct preparative method of 2-hydroxyisophthalaldehydes from 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl) phenols using activated manganese(IV) oxide is described. The aldehydes are obtained in good yields.
Regio- and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Allenic and Acetylenic Derivatives. Organotitanium and Boron Reagents
Authors: Furuta Kyoji , Ishiguro Masaharu , Haruta Ryuichi , Ikeda Nobuo , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The propargyltitanium reagents derived from 1-alkylpropyne condensed with aldehydes to give α-allenyl alcohol regioselectively, while the allenyltitanium reagents generated from 1-alky1-1-butyne derivatives gave threo-β-acetylenic alcohols with high regio- and stereoselectivities. The course of the reaction was determined by the substitution pattern of starting alkynes. The similar reactions of metallated 1,3-bis(trialkylsilyl)propyne or (trialkylsilyl)acetonitrile with aldehydes were also investigated.
Structure Determination of Bitter Principles of Ailanthus altissima. Structures of Shinjulactones F, I, J, and K
Authors: Ishibashi Masami , Yoshimura Shin , Tsuyuki Takahiko , Takahashi Takeyoshi , Itai Akiko , Iitaka Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Four new quassinoids, shinjulactones F, I, J, and K were isolated from Ailanthus altissima Swingle. The structure of shinjulactone F was established to be 1α,11-epoxy-1β,20-dihydroxy-5βH-picrasa-3,9(11)-diene-2,12,16-trione by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structures of shinjulactones I, J, and K were determined to be 11α-acetoxy-2α, 12α-dihydroxypicrasane-1,16-dione, 1β,12β-dihydroxypicrasane-2,11,16-trione, and 12α-acetoxy-2α,11α-dihydroxypicrasane-1,16-dione, respectively, by spectral and chemical means.
A New Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Holla D C , Seshadri S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives is described. This involves the Pfitzinger reaction of pyrazolone derivatives with isatic acid under controlled conditions. The pyrazoloquinolinecarboxylic acids were converted to their corresponding amides and nitriles, and their absorption and emission characteristics are recorded.
Fluorescence of Europium Tris(bromate) Enneahydrate with Ar+ Laser Excitation
Authors: Hasunuma Masahiko , Okada Keiko , Kato Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The (f,f*) transitions of europium tris(bromate) enneahydrate crystal between 12000 and 20000 cm−1 were measured at 95 K by laser-excited fluorescence spectroscopy. The crystal field components of the ground (7F0.1···6) and the excited states (5D0.1) participating in the transitions were analyzed in terms of the tensor-operator method. Besides electric-dipole transitions, a number of magnetic-dipole transitions were detected in compliance with the selection rule. The theory could reproduce the observed wavenumbers and intensities both for the σ- and π-transitions. The population ratio of the 5D0 to the 5D1 was estimated to be 14.1 from the intensity calculations and the observed results. The result suggests that mixing of g-orbitals is significant for the forced electric-dipole transitions.
Structural Characterization of Several Metal(II) 2-Methyl-8-quinolinolato Complexes in Several Organic Solvents
Authors: Nariai Hiroyuki , Masuda Yoshitaka , Sekido Eiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bivalent metal complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) with 2-methyl-8-quinolinol (2MeHql) were prepared. Their properties, such as those shown by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and the optical spectra, were measured and compared with those of 8-quinolinolato complexes. All the metal complexes prepared here are monohydrates, whereas their 8-quinolinolato complexes are dihydrates. The methyl group at the 2-position of the quinoline ring caused a shift of about 40–80 °C in the dehydration temperature, and, as a result of the dehydration, a dimer anhydrate was produced. The dimer-formation conditions were established in chloroform and dioxane solutions. However, the addition of such basic solvents as pyridine, water, and methanol cleaved the bridge linkages in complexes and produced a distorted octahedral configuration by solvent-binding in the axial position. The existence of a copper complex with a dimer structure such as has been shown in other metal complexes was not verified in any of the solvents used here.
Stability Constants of Some Bivalent Metal Chelates of 3-Aryl-2,4-pentanedione in 75% v/v 1,4-Dioxane-Water Medium
Authors: Wakui Yoshito , Yano Katsunori , Nakano Yoshiharu , Ohashi Kousaburo , Yamamoto Katsumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new ligand, 3-(1-naphthyl)-2,4-pentanedione, was prepared. Concentration proton-dissociation constants of 3-aryl-2,4-pentanedione (aryl group; phenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, and 1-naphthyl) and concentration stability constants of some bivalent metal chelates of 3-aryl-2,4-pentanedione were determined in a 75% v/v 1,4-dioxane–water medium containing 0.05 mol dm−3 sodium perchlorate by a pH-titrimetric method. The dissociation constant (pKa) of 3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-2,4-pentanedione, 2,4-pentanedione, 3-phenyl-2,4-pentanedione, and 3-(1-naphthyl)-2,4-pentanedione were found to be 8.87, 10.93, 11.50, and 11.71, respectively. The order of acidity in 2,4-pentanedione was explained by the field effect of the aryl group. The stability constants of the bivalent metal chelates of these ligands were in accord with the Irving-Williams series. The stepwise stability constant of the chelate increased with an increasing pKa value of 3-aryl-2,4-pentanedione. This result cannot be explained by the steric and solvation effect of an aryl substituent.
Studies on N-Glycopeptides. II. Separation of α- and β-Amide of N-(l-Aspartyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylamine Obtained via N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-l-aspartic Anhydride
Authors: Tamura Masahiro , Nishizaki Hiroshi , Miyazaki Chiemi , Okai Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A mixture of N-(l-α-aspartyl)- and N-(l-β-aspartyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylamine was obtained by the condensation of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-l-aspartic anhydride with β-d-glucopyranosylamine. Attempts to separate the mixture by using cation-exchange chromatography, a copper(II) complex, and fractional recrystallization were carried out. These separations gave good yields of the desired β-amine.
Oxidation of Lipids. IX. Decomposition of Methyl Linoleate and Methyl Linolenate Hydroperoxides in Solution
Authors: Yamamoto Yorihiro , Saeki Noriyuki , Haga Schunichi , Niki Etsuo , Kamiya Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Decompositions of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide (LOOH) induced by di-t-butyl diperoxyoxalate and cobalt ions were investigated in benzene at 50 °C under vacuum to elucidate the degradation mechanism. The major products were dimer (LOOL), oxodiene, hydroxydiene and epoxyhydroxyene (and/or epoxyoxoene). It was suggested that these products were formed by the recombination of L· and LOO· radicals, β-scission of LO· radical, hydrogen abstraction of LO· radical, and intramolecular epoxidation of LOO· radical, respectively. The decomposition of methyl linolenate hydroperoxide (L′OOH) was also studied. The major products were dimer, oxotriene, hydroxytriene, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which were suggested to be formed by the intramolecular cyclization of L′OO· radical.
Synthesis, and the Adjuvant and Tumor-Suppressive Activities of Quinonyl Muramyl Dipeptides
Authors: Kobayashi Shigeru , Fukuda Tsunehiko , Yukimasa Hidefumi , Fujino Masahiko , Azuma Ichiro , Yamamura Yuichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
ω-(1,4-Benzoquinon-2-yl)alkanoic acids, 2-[10-(5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)decyl]-3-hydroxytetracosanoic acid, all-trans-5,9,13,17-tetramethyl-4,8,12,16-octadecatetraenoic acid, and stearic acid were coupled to the 6-O-position of the carbohydrate moiety of muramyl dipeptide alkyl esters, and 6-O-aminoacylmuramyl dipeptide methyl esters. The aminoacyl residues used were Gly, Leu, Ahx, and Aud. New synthetic methods were developed for ω-(1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)alkanoic acids such as 22-(5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)docosanoic acid, and the α-branched ω-(1,4-benzoquinone-2-yl) β-hydroxy acid, 2-[10-(5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)decyl]-3-hydroxytetracosanoic acid. The effects of the resulting quinonyl, multiprenylacetyl, and stearoylmuramyl dipetides on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ABA-Tyr in guinea pigs and the tumor(meth-A)-suppressive activity in syngeneic BALB/c female mice were measured. The results revealed that all these muramyl-dipeptide derivatives retained the adjuvant activity whereas the potent tumor-suppressive activity was observed only in quinonylmuramyl dipeptides, indicating that the 5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ring is a requisite for the manifestation of the tumor-suppressive activity. The lipophilicity-hydrophilicity balance of the molecule was also important. Among the compounds tested, N-acetyl-6-O-[10-(5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)decanoyl]muramyl-l-valyl-d-isoglutamine methyl ester showed the most potent tumor-suppressive activity. This compound also showed tumor-regressive activity in guinea pigs, and hence is a good candidate for further studies.
Studies on Peptide Antibiotic “Gratisin”
Authors: Tamaki Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
According to a primary structure proposed for an antibiotic peptide, gratisin, four peptides containing respectively partial sequences, l-Phe–l-Pro–l-Tyr, d-Phe–l-Pro–l-Tyr, l-Phe–l-Pro–d-Tyr, and d-Phe–l-Pro–d-Tyr, were synthesized by a liquid phase method. Among them, cyclo(–l-Val–l-Orn–l-Leu–d-Phe–l-Pro–d-Tyr–)2 showed the strongest activity against the Gram-positive microorganisms tested. The activity toward Bacillus subtilis was similar to that of gramicidin S. Therefore, it is quite possible that natural gratisin is identical to this peptide. To facilitate a further investigation of the structure-activity relationship, four additional analogs were prepared. The results of their antibiotic activities showed that an interchange of d-Phe residues with d-Tyr residues caused the decrease of activity, and that the hydroxyl group of d-Tyr residues had no important role in this activity. The peptides possessing partial sequences, d-Phe–d-Tyr–l-Pro and l-Pro–d-Phe–d-Phe, exhibited strong activity. These facts show that the positions of Pro residues are not restricted to 5 and 5′ for the exhibition of the activity. The CD spectra of these synthetic peptides in an aqueous solution reflected the partial sequences around Pro residues, which affect largely the conformation of these synthetic antibiotics. The temperature dependence of these CD spectra indicated that the conformation of biologically active peptides is more stable than those of less active peptides.
Steam Reforming of Hydrocarbons and Water Gas Shift Reaction Through a Wall of Stabilized Zirconia Used as Hydrogen Separator
Authors: Otsuka Kiyoshi , Yokoyama Seiichiro , Morikawa Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Steam reforming of CH4 and C2H4 or water gas shift reaction was allowed to occur through a wall of stabilized zirconia acting as hydrogen separator. The reactions proceed via transport of oxygen ions in the zirconia lattice from cathode to anode of the wall, accompanying an electron transfer in the reverse direction through the outer lead wire. Hydrogen without CO2, CO, or hydrocarbons can be obtained directly by each reaction at the cathode side. The rate of hydrogen production increases exponentially with a rise in applied potentials via chromel-constantan thermocouples. The presence of reducing gas such as CO, CH4, or H2 at the anode side will decrease considerably the applied potential required to produce hydrogen at the same rate. A tentative reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of kinetic information of the reaction.
Internal Rotation of Tetraphenylethylene Dianion as Studied by H-1 and C-13 NMR
Authors: Morikawa Masaru , Matsui Hideki , Yoshino Akihiro , Takahashi Kensuke , Miyajima Goh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The line-shape analyses of the 1H NMR spectra of the title anion have been made by means of a program of DNMR3. The thermodynamical parameters thus obtained are discussed in terms of counterions and other additives.
A Synthesis of dl-Pumiliotoxin-C
Authors: Abe Kyo , Tsugoshi Teruhisa , Nakamura Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reductive aminocyclization of trans-2-(3-oxohexyl)-3-methyl-1-cyclohexanone (4) with sodium cyanotrihydroborate and ammonium bromide gave dl-pumiliotoxin-C (5) and its stereochemical isomer (6) in a ratio of 48:52.