bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate and demography of the planktivorous Cassin's aukletPtychoramphus aleuticusoff northern California: implications for population change
Authors: LEE DEREK E. , NUR NADAV , SYDEMAN WILLIAM J. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryWe performed demographic analyses on Cassin's aukletPtychoramphus aleuticus, a zooplanktivorous seabird inhabiting the variable California Current System, to understand how temporal environmental variability influences population dynamics.We used capture–recapture data from 1986 to 2002 to rank models of interannual variation in survival, breeding propensity, breeding success, and recruitment.All demographic parameters exhibited temporal variability. Interannual variation in survival was best modelled as a nonlinear function of the winter Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Breeding propensity was best modelled as a threshold function of local sea surface temperature. Breeding success and recruitment were best modelled with year‐dependent annual variation.Changes in the SOI force El Niño/La Niña events, which in turn alter prey availability to seabirds in this system. Demographic responses varied during El Niños/La Niñas. Survival diminished substantially during the 1997–98 El Niño event, while breeding propensity was affected during both the 1992 and 1998 El Niños. Breeding success was reduced during the 1992, 1993, and 1998 El Niños, but was unusually high in 2002. Recruitment was higher at the beginning and end of this time‐series.While demographic responses varied interannually, parameter values covaried in a positive fashion, a situation conducive to rapid population change. During the 11 years study period, the Farallon auklet breeding population declined at 6·05 ± 0·80% (SE) per year, a cumulative decline of 49·7%. This study demonstrates how climate variability has influenced key demographic processes for this diminished marine bird population.
Genetic diversity and mass resources promote colony size and forager densities of a social bee (Bombus pascuorum) in agricultural landscapes
Authors: HERRMANN FARINA , WESTPHAL CATRIN , MORITZ ROBIN F. A. , STEFFAN‐DEWENTER INGOLF 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough habitat fragmentation and agricultural intensification are known as threads to pollinator diversity, little is known about consequences for population size and genetic diversity. Here, we combined detailed field observations, molecular approaches and GIS‐based quantification of landscape structure (measured by proportions of seminatural habitats and proportions of mass flowering crops) to get new insights into driving forces of population dynamics of the bumblebee speciesBombus pascuorum. Comparing 13 agriculturally dominated landscape sectors, we found the proportion of mass flowering crops to positively influence bumblebee abundance whereas the proportion of seminatural habitats was of minor importance. We used microsatellites to quantify landscape‐related colony densities, inbreeding and population substructure. Detected colony densities did not correlate with landscape parameters or with local worker abundance, measured by field observations. These results indicate that increased worker abundances within landscapes are rather due to greater colony sizes than due to an increased number of nests. We found significant population substructure, measured byFSTand seven landscape sectors to bear significantly increased inbreeding values (FIS).FISwas strongly varying between sectors but did not correlate with landscape structure. Moreover,FIShad a significantly negative effect on colony size, demonstrating the importance of genetic diversity on population fitness at a landscape scale. We suggest that inbreeding levels might be related to the temporal variation of food resources and population sizes in agricultural landscapes.
Phylogeography and conservation genetics of a giant lobelia (Lobelia giberroa) in Ethiopian and Tropical East African mountains
Authors: KEBEDE MULUGETA , EHRICH DOROTHEE , TABERLET PIERRE , NEMOMISSA SILESHI , BROCHMANN CHRISTIAN 
Published: January 2007

AbstractLobelia giberroa is a giant rosette plant growing in the afro‐montane belt of the afro‐alpine environment, a unique and little‐studied ecosystem occupying the high mountains of eastern Africa. We analysed amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) from 11 mountain systems in Ethiopia and Tropical East Africa to infer the phylogeographical history of the species. A total of 191 individuals were investigated from 25 populations. Principal coordinate analysis and population structure analyses revealed three major phylogeographical groups: the Ethiopian mountains and one group on each side of the Rift Valley in Tropical East Africa, respectively: Elgon–Cherangani and Kenya–Aberdare–Kilimanjaro–Meru. Analysis of Molecular Variance showed 55.7% variance among the three groups, suggesting an old divergence. Together with a clear geographical substructure within the main groups, this pattern indicates gradual expansion and supports the montane forest bridge hypothesis, stating that the area occupied by forest was larger and more continuous in previous interglacials and earlier in the present interglacial. Genetic diversity was lower in Ethiopia than in the other two main groups, possibly due to an ancient founder effect when Ethiopia was colonized from the south.
Spontaneous Uterine Leiomyosarcoma in a Golden Hamster (Mesocrietus auratus)
Authors: Kondo H. , Kimoto H. , Shibuya H. , Shirai W. , Matsuo K. , Sato T. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryUterine leiomyosarcoma occurring spontaneously in a domestic golden hamster was examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The histological findings for this tumour were similar to those for leiomyosarcomas described in other species. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated the positivity of neoplastic cells with α‐smooth muscle actin and desmin. From the results mentioned above, the tumour of this case was revealed to be of smooth muscle origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a uterine leiomyosarcoma in domestic golden hamsters.
Bispectral index monitored balanced anesthesia technique for pheochromocytoma resection
Authors: MADDALI MADAN MOHAN , MATREJA PRAKASH VIRU 
Published: January 2007

SummaryBalanced anesthesia under bispectral index monitoring was administered to a child undergoing a pheochromocytoma resection. By titration of anesthesia depth, the stress response during resection could be avoided as well as postresection hypotension, without resort to additional pharmacological manipulation.
Oxidative stress and potential interventions to reduce oxidative stress in overweight and obesity
Authors: Vincent Heather K. , Innes Kim E. , Vincent Kevin R. 
Published: January 2007

Purpose: Obesity may be a state of chronic oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may be the mechanism underlying the development of co‐morbidities in obesity. This review provides a summary of the available evidence regarding systemic oxidative stress in young, older and clinical obese populations.Methods: Medline was searched for all available articles published between 1975 and 2006 that evaluated oxidative stress biomarkers in resting conditions or following various interventions in overweight and obese humans.Results: Obesity elevates oxidative stress in young, old and clinical populations as shown by elevations in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides, 4‐hydroxynonenal, isoprostanes, conjugated dienes) or protein oxidation (8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine). Lipid peroxidation is associated with several indices of adiposity and a low systemic antioxidant defence (i.e. antioxidant enzymes, tissue dietary antioxidants, glutathione). Oxidative stress may be exacerbated with acute exercise, advancing age or co‐existing clinical conditions and may be corrected by improving antioxidant defences through fat volume reduction via surgery, pharmacological agents, exercise and/or dietary modification.Conclusion: Oxidative stress is related to chronic disease in obesity, but is reversible with one or more interventions described above.
International Knowledge Spillovers to Developing Countries: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Jacob Jojo , Szirmai Adam 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe successful industrialization and catch up of countries in the East Asian region gave rise to an important debate concerning the role played by technological learning and knowledge creation. This paper seeks to examine this issue for Indonesia, a second‐tier newly industrializing country. It focuses on the relative importance of learning from imported inputs vis‐à‐vis other factors influencing productivity in manufacturing. The concept of learning is operationalized drawing on the literature on technology spillovers on the one hand, and the literature on catch up à la Abramovitz, on the other. Our results indicate that knowledge spillovers have become significant contributors to labor productivity growth after the liberalization of the Indonesian economy.
An ecological, information‐based approach to the study of expertise: illustrative findings from a study of UK health‐visiting practice
Authors: Bryans Alison N. P. , McIntosh Jean B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper is based on a simulation‐based but naturalistic study of domiciliary health‐visiting expertise undertaken in a large conurbation in central Scotland between 2000 and 2002. The research approach enabled direct comparison and systematic examination of multiple data sets about two simulated clients, which identified differences between issues covered and differences between practitioners’ approaches and levels of expertise demonstrated during visits. The paper first presents the professional and theoretical background of the study and outlines the study methods before focusing on its main aim. This aim is to provide a detailed account of the informational input used for one of the simulated cases and to present illustrative findings that show the different approaches taken, and levels of expertise demonstrated, by two health visitor participants who visited this particular simulated case. The paper concludes by considering the special relevance and utility of this research approach for professional education and practice development.
Viusid, a nutritional supplement, in combination with interferon α‐2b and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Vilar Gomez Eduardo , Gra Oramas Bienvenido , Arus Soler Enrique , Llanio Navarro Raimundo , Ruenes Domech Caridad 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated to severe oxidative stress that leads to necro‐inflammation and progression of fibrosis. Previous trials suggested that antioxidative therapy may have a beneficial effect. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of Viusid in combination with interferon α‐2b (IFN α‐2b) and ribavirin in patients with CHC.Methods: We randomly assigned 100 patients, between October 2002 and December 2004, in two arms: IFN α‐2b (5 MU on alternate days), ribavirin at a dose of 13 mg/kg daily and Viusid (three sachets daily) vs. IFN α‐2b (5 MU on alternate days) and ribavirin at a dose of 13 mg/kg daily. Subjects were treated for 48 weeks and then followed for an additional 24 weeks. The primary end point was the histologic response (reduction of at least two points without fibrosis worsening in the total score on the Histological Activity Index).Results: A significantly high proportion of patients who received combined therapy plus Viusid had a histologic response better than those patients who received IFN α‐2b and ribavirin (57% vs. 37%, P=0.03). The patients with virologic response achieved the highest percentages of histologic response, irrespective of assigned treatment. Among non‐responders, the highest reduction in the mean change from baseline score for necro‐inflammatory activity (NA) and fibrosis (F) was reported in patients treated with Viusid [NA, −1.50 (Viusid), −1.20 (without Viusid); F, −0.31 (Viusid), 0.00 (without Viusid)]. Sustained normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase concentration was highest in the Viusid group compared with standard therapy (67% vs. 41%, P=0.009). The overall safety profile was similar in both groups, but interestingly, the anemia was less intense in the group with Viusid (P=0.04).Conclusions: Our results suggest that triple therapy with Viusid, IFN α‐2b and ribavirin was well tolerated and may have a beneficial effect on histologic and biochemical variables. The intensity of anemia is reduced in patients treated with Viusid.
Splenic artery ligation improves remnant liver function in partially hepatectomized rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Ito Koji , Ozasa Hisashi , Noda Yumi , Koike Yuichi , Arii Shigeki , Horikawa Saburo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: In liver resection, the temporary occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament (Pringle maneuver) is often used. However, the maneuver causes severe ischemia/reperfusion injury in the remnant liver. Our aim was to investigate the effects of splenic artery ligation on the liver function in partially hepatectomized rat with the Pringle maneuver.Methods: The Pringle maneuver was conducted for 30 min just before a two‐thirds partial hepatectomy. Splenic artery ligation was performed before the Pringle maneuver. The efficacy of splenic artery ligation was assessed by survival, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), recovery of remnant liver weight, and portal pressure.Results: On day 3, animal survival was four rats of 12 in partially hepatectomized rats with the Pringle maneuver and 10 rats of 12 in the splenic artery ligation‐treated partially hepatectomized rats with the Pringle maneuver. A two‐thirds partial hepatectomy alone or splenic artery ligation itself did not show any effects on the survival. Compared with partially hepatectomized rats with the Pringle maneuver, splenic artery‐ligated animals had lower serum AST and ALT levels, and higher recovery of remnant liver weight. Splenic artery ligation significantly reduced the portal pressure and also decreased the fatality in excessively hepatectomized rats.Conclusions: Splenic artery ligation ameliorated the remnant liver function in partially hepatectomized rats with the Pringle maneuver and excessively hepatectomized rats. The amelioration may be mediated at least by decreasing portal pressure.
Bone marrow‐derived myofibroblasts recruited to the upper dermis appear beneath regenerating epidermis after deep dermal burn injury
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryo , Takami Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Shimazaki Syuji 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTFibroblasts and myofibroblasts migrating to sites of tissue repair after injury may not only be locally recruited but could also be recruited from the bone marrow. However, the characteristics and functional roles, if any, of these cells in wound healing are poorly understood. Here, we show unequivocally that bone marrow‐derived fibroblasts do contribute to deep dermal burn wound healing. Bone‐marrow stromal cells were collected from femurs of male Lewis rats, cultured for a week, and then the adherent cells were labeled with the fluorescent marker PKH‐26. These cells stained positive for α‐smooth muscle actin and prolyl 4‐hydroxylase, but did not express RM‐4 (a macrophage marker), CD34, or cytokeratin, characteristic of myofibroblastic differentiation. When injected intravenously into Lewis rats, they homed to the bone marrow. Five days after transplantation, a deep dermal burn was made on the back of the rat, and biopsies were taken 7, 10, and 14 days later. PKH‐positive cells were not found at day 7, but by day 10, they were easily detected mainly in the upper dermis close beneath the regenerating epidermis. These PKH‐positive cells still stained for α‐SMA and prolyl 4‐hydroxylase, but not RM4. Thus, it is suggested that myofibroblasts originating in the bone marrow contribute not only to promotion of granulation but also enhancement of dermal–epidermal interaction after thermal injury.
Partial melting of metapelites at ultrahigh‐pressure conditions, Greenland Caledonides
Authors: LANG H. M. , GILOTTI J. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEclogite, orthogneiss and, by association, metapelite from an island at 78°N in North‐East Greenland experienced ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphism at approximately 970 °C and 3.6 GPa, at the end of the Caledonian collision, 360–350 Ma. Hydrous metapelites contain abundant leucocratic layers and lenses composed of medium‐grained, anhedral, equigranular quartz, antiperthitic plagioclase and K‐feldspar with minor small garnet and kyanite crystals. Leucosomes are generally parallel to the matrix foliation, are interlayered with residual quartz bands, anastomose around residual garnet and commonly cross‐cut micaceous segregations. Textures suggest that the leucosomes crystallized from a syntectonic melt, but crystallized at the end of local high‐grade deformation. The metapelite outcrop is < 1.5 km from kyanite eclogites with confirmed coesite, but the metapelites lack coesite and palisade textures diagnostic of coesite pseudomorphs. They do contain highly fractured garnet megacrysts with polycrystalline quartz inclusions (some surrounded by radial fractures) and Ti‐rich phengite inclusions that suggest the former presence of coesite. Polyphase inclusions in garnet contain reactants and products of the inferred dehydration melting reaction: Phe + Qtz = Ky + Kfs + Rt + melt. The reactants are thought to have been early inclusions of hydrous phases within garnet that melted and then crystallized new phases. Garnet surrounding these inclusions has patchy zoning with elevated Ca, consistent with experiments that produced similar patchy microstructures in garnet around inclusions with an unequivocal melt origin. The peak UHP metamorphic assemblage in these rocks is inferred to have been phengite, coesite, garnet, kyanite, rutile, fluid ± omphacite ± epidote. Phase diagrams indicate that dehydration melting of phengite in this assemblage would have occurred after decompression from peak pressure, but still above the coesite to quartz transition. Unusual crown‐ and moat‐like textures in garnet around some polycrystalline quartz inclusions are also consistent with the inference that melting took place at UHP conditions.
Do Brief Measures of Readiness to Change Predict Alcohol Consumption and Consequences in Primary Care Patients With Unhealthy Alcohol Use?
Authors: Williams Emily C. , Horton Nicholas J. , Samet Jeffrey H. , Saitz Richard 
Published: January 2007

Background: Assessing readiness to change is recommended as part of brief interventions for patients with unhealthy alcohol use. However, the utility and predictive validity of readiness measures have not been well established.Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we assessed primary care patients with unhealthy alcohol use (past‐month drinking of risky amounts, or any amount and an affirmative response to CAGE alcohol screening questionnaire) and reassessed them 6 months later. At study entry, we assessed readiness to change using 1 multi‐item measure of stage of change, and 5 single‐item measures (readiness per se, importance of changing, confidence in ability to change, intention to cut down, intention to abstain). Outcomes included alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related consequences. Multivariable regression models were fit for each measure of readiness and each outcome.Results: Of 312 patients with unhealthy alcohol use, 228 (73%) were assessed at study entry and 6 months later and had complete data. Among readiness measures, only confidence and intention to abstain (1 point changes on single‐item measures) were associated with consumption 6 months later: less heavy episodic drinking [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.98 and AOR 0.79, 0.64–0.98, respectively], and less drinking of risky amounts (AOR 0.89, 0.79–1.00 and AOR 0.78, 0.62–0.98, respectively). Intention to abstain was also associated with more abstinence (AOR 1.43, 1.09–1.88). Single‐item measures of readiness, importance, and intention to cut down were significantly associated with higher odds of alcohol consequences. Greater confidence (single item) was associated with a lower odds of any consequences (AOR 0.88, 0.79–0.98).Conclusions: Greater readiness, as measured by several brief assessments, was associated with more consequences and was not predictive of consumption. However, assessing confidence in the ability to change one's alcohol use may have a role in predicting subsequent decreases in both consumption and consequences in primary care patients.
Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Counseling for Alcohol Consumption: A Population‐Based, Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Mukamal Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2007

Background: Counseling for alcohol use is of proven utility, but whether disparities in provision of counseling exist is uncertain.Methods: Using the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a population‐based telephone survey, we examined participant‐reported physician counseling for alcohol use among 15,498 adults in 5 U.S. states. Participants reported their usual alcohol intake, risky drinking (intake of 5 or more drinks on occasion, greater than 60 drinks per month, or driving after drinking), and whether a doctor had spoken with them about alcohol use.Results: Race and ethnicity were strongly associated with reported receipt of alcohol counseling. Compared with whites, black and Hispanic adults had 2‐fold higher odds of reporting receiving counseling among all participants, among problem drinkers, and among abstainers. There were modest differences according to sex, income, self‐reported health, and education, but not body mass index. Multivariable adjustment and restriction to participants who reported a recent checkup did not alter these findings. No such disparity was noted for general diet counseling.Conclusions: Clear racial and ethnic differences exist in physician counseling for alcohol use, with higher prevalence estimates among racial and ethnic minority populations. Although the cause of these differences is uncertain, systematic application of preventive medical services such as alcohol screening and counseling is needed for all patients.
Behavioural responses of female Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, to mineral oil deposits
Authors: Nguyen V. L. , Meats A. , Beattie G. A. C. , Spooner‐Hart R. , Liu Z. M. , Jiang L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBehavioural responses of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), females to fruit dipped in water and fruit dipped in 0.5% (vol/vol) aqueous emulsions of a mineral oil were determined and analysed. The mineral oil was an nC20–22 distillation fraction of the base oil used to produce an nC23 horticultural mineral oil. Females caged with oil‐treated fruit had significantly longer prelanding intervals than females caged with water‐dipped fruit. The latter was attacked immediately or shortly after being caged with flies whereas some oil‐dipped fruit was not attacked within 180 min. The percentage of landings that led to oviposition on water‐ and oil‐treated fruit were 58 and 13%, respectively, and the percentages ovipositing after probing were 74 and 25%, respectively. Likewise, average times spent probing were 7 vs. 31 s whereas average times spent ovipositing were 321 vs. 223 s. Females spent less than half as much time on oil‐treated fruit than on water‐treated fruit. Transition probabilities of rejection, when applied to the behaviour sequence indicated that oil‐treated fruits are about nine times less likely to be infested with B. tryoni.