bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection in aids by cytocentrifugation and rapid hematoxylin‐eosin staining
Authors: Strigle Stephen M. , Gal Anthony A. , Koss Michael N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the major pulmonary complication in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. While fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy (TBBX) is regarded as the procedure of choice to identify PCP, these techniques, particularly TBBX, pose potential risks to the already compromised patient. To reduce the duration of bronchoscopy and, hence, lessen the chance for complications, we describe a rapid technique to identify PCP in BAL fluid by cytocentrifugation and hematoxylin‐eosin staining. By this method, PCP can be easily diagnosed within 10 min. The sensitivity of this rapid diagnostic procedure is 95.7%, and the specificity is 100%.
Aspiration cytology of palpable lesions of the scrotal content
Authors: Perez‐Guillermo M. , SolaPérez J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo date, we have studied 89 palpable lesions of the scrotum, testicle, and epididymis using fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Cystic lesions (48.3%) and inflammatory pathology (25.8%) were the most frequent findings. Tumors accounted for 11.2% of results, with a slight predominance of the malignant varieties. In this article, we describe the cytopathology of the main entities and discuss the principal problems of differential diagnosis, especially among inflammatory processes, seminomas, and embryonal carcinomas. The cytopathological pattern of the neoplasias is highly characteristic, and this permits their diagnosis with great precision. FNAC is essentially non‐traumatic and easy to carry out, but it requires considerable practice in its execution and in the interpretation of the aspirates. We believe FNAC to be the technique of choice for the study of the pathology of the scrotal content, and we think that it should be employed on the patient's very first visit. The main advantage of FNAC is avoiding delays in diagnosis.
Cytologic diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection: Spindled nuclei
Authors: Shroyer K. R. , Hosey J. , Swanson L. E. , Woodard W. D. , Fennell R. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe classic cytologic criteria, koilocytotic atypia and dyskera‐tocytosis, fail to identify most cases with colposcopic and histologic evidence of cervical condylomata. The purpose of this study was to identify a novel cytologic diagnostic criterion, spindled nuclei, to predict the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervical epithelium. Review of the hospital records of 100 consecutive cases with spindled nuclei on Papanicolaou smear identifed 36 patients in whom a colposcopic examination and/or cervical biopsy had been performed between January 1, 1988, and March 31, 1989. Ninety‐seven percent of these 36 cases were positive by colposcopy and 89% of the cases were positive by cervical biopsy for changes of condyloma or intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV DNA hybridization in situ was positive in 16 of 36 patients, and the probe for types 31/33/35 most often stained histologic sections showing condylomatous change without concurrent dysplasia. Electron microscopy of spindled nuclei showed evidence of HPV‐type viral particles in the five cases examined.
Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis of Endodermal Sinus Tumor: Histologic and Ultrastructural Correlations
Authors: Akhtar Mohammed , Ashraf Ali M. , Sackey Kwesi , Jackson Derek , Bakry Mohammed 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsies from five patients with endo‐dermal sinus tumors (ESTs) were reviewed, and the j'indings were correlated with histologic and ultrastructural (appearances. In the aspiration smears, two types of tumor cells were seen, forming clusters of variable sizes. Type A cells had distinct cell borders, and their cytoplasm contained onry occa‐ sional vacuoles. Type B cells had ill‐defined cell borders and formed syncytial clusters; their cytoplasm was characterized by large numbers of rounded vacuoles. The background con‐ tained patches of mucoid material and macrophages with foamy cytoplasm. Eosinophilic hyaline cytoplasmic bodies and irregular deposits of intercellular basement membrane‐like material were recognized easily in aspiration smears. These features correlated well with histologic and ultrastructural appearances. The significance of these jindings in the fine‐ needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of EST and its distinction from other germ‐cell and non‐germ‐cell tumors is discussed.
Small‐intestinal brushing cytology in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in aids
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , Levine Judith , Finley James L. , Larkin Ernest W. , Norris H. Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report the cytologic findings of small intestinal brushing material showing cryptosporidiosis in two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Cryptosporidia measuring approximately 2–4 μ were aligned along the surface of the glandular cells, although many freely dispersed organisms were also present. The differential diagnoses of other structures that could be confused with cryptosporidia are also presented in this article. Small‐intestinal brushing cytology may complement endoscopic biopsy in the workup of diarrheal diseases in AIDS, especially in patients with thrombocytopenia, since the bleeding disorder may be a contraindication for endoscopic biopsy.
Papillary transitional‐cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: A cytological review
Authors: Kannan Vaidehi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrinary cytology is a well‐accepted diagnostic proceafure for bladder carcinomas but it is utilized less frequently for diagnosis of upper urinary tract tumors. Accurate diagnosis depends on a suitable specimen as well as knowledge of diagnostic traps. This review article with several case studies emphasizes the various techniques used to obtain optimal samples, correct interpretative criteria, and diagnostic pitfalls. Technological advances for objective grading and predicting the biological behavior of tumors are also discussed.
Aspiration Biopsy of the Prostate Gland: A Brief Review of Collection, Fixation, and Pattern Recognition With Special Attention to Benign and Malignant Prostatic Epithelium
Authors: Maksem John A. , Galang Cirilio F. , Johenning Paul W. , Park Chanho H. , Tannenbaum Myron 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe preparation and use of an alternate collection device for aspiration biopsy of the prostate is presented. The (device is inexpensive and can be constructed from readily available office materials. Its use in conjunction with a liquid‐phase collection of cellular products of aspiration biopsy by a backwash technique is described. Following this, a brief discussion of pattern recognition in cytological preparations of benign and malignant prostate epithelial aggregates is presented and illustrated.
Identification of papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal cyst by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Kashkari Sheila 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPapillary carcinoma was diagnosed in a fine‐needle aspirate from a cystic upper‐cervical midline lesion attached to the hyoid bone. Histological examination of the excised specimen verified the diagnosis. Carcinoma arising in thyroglossal cysts, though rare, should be considered in patients presenting with an anterior midline mass in the upper neck; fine‐needle aspiration may be useful in the preoperative diagnosis.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of pilomatrixoma: A case report
Authors: Bhalotra Ritu , Jayaram Gita 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytological appearance of breast lesions has been well‐studied. However, skin lesions occurring as breast nodules have less often been studied by fine‐needle aspiration. In addition, skin tumors occurring over the breast may be clinically mistaken for breast carcinoma owing to their fixity to the skin. This article presents one such case and describes its cytologic appearance.
Infantile myofibromatosis: Diagnosis suggested by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Ostrowski Mary L. , Bradshaw James , Garrison Donald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA newborn male infant presented with multiple subcutaneous and parenchymal lesions. These lesions, thought clinically to represent disseminated neuroblastoma, were assessed via fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. The spindled cells and associated collagen were interpreted as a type of fibromatosis, most probably infantile myofibromatosis. This diagnosis was subsequently confirmed histologically, and the patient experienced spontaneous involution or regression of all lesions by 18 mo of age. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of this entity initially suggested on the basis of a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimen.
Immunocytochemical evaluation of central nervous system tumors obtained by the cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator
Authors: Finley James L. , Silverman Jan F. , Dickens M. Alan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) is a dissecting system that allows quick and effective removal of CNS tumors without traction or excessive manipulation of normal tissue. In this article, the immunoperoxidase staining patterns of cytology specimens obtained with the CUSA are compared with those from their corresponding resected surgical specimens employing a battery of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Eleven cases of meningioma, three cases of glioblastoma multiforme, one astrocytoma, and two schwannomas were evaluated. In both CUSA cytologic biopsies and surgical biopsies, all the meningiomas showed strong staining for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen, while two showed focal staining for cytokeratins. The glioblastoma multiforme and astrocytoma cases showed positivity for vimentin, S‐100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, while the schwannomas stained positively for vimentin and S‐100 protein. With only rare exceptions, the immunocytochemistry of the CUSA and surgical specimens correlated well in all of these cases in terms of strength of reaction and localization. There were no false‐positive staining reactions in the CUSA material. This study suggests that reliable morphologic and immunoperoxidase studies can be performed on cytologic material obtained by the CUSA, which could aid in making an accurate and specific diagnosis of a variety of CNS tumors.
Reactive type II pneumocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from adult respiratory distress syndrome can be mistaken for cells of adenocarcinoma
Authors: Grotte Dwight , Stanley Michael W. , Swanson Paul E. , Henry‐Stanley Michelle J. , Davies Scott 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA growing body of literature illustrates that bronchoalveolar lavage is a reliable and efficient means of diagnosing primary and secondary malignancies in the lung. Its safety in severely compromised patients often makes it preferable to other biopsy procedures. However, a variety of reparative and degenerative pulmonary disorders may result in cytologic alterations so severe that pneumocytes resemble cells of malignancy. We describe four patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome from whom lavage fluid showed gland‐like groups of malignant‐appearing cells morphologically consistent with adenocarcinoma. Transbronchial biopsy sections in one case and lavage fluid electron microscopy in another showed that these pseudomalignant cells were reactive Type II pneumocytes with surface microvilli, cell junctions, and numerous cytoplasmic myelin figures. Careful clinicopathologic correlation is the best way to ensure accurate diagnosis in these cases.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in renal transplantation: A review of cytologic features
Authors: Egidi M. Francesca 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy has been found to be a sensitive and reproducible method for kidney transplant monitoring. Cytological evaluation of the aspirates and blood samples taken concurrently were done from May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa‐ stained cytocentrifuge preparations. There were no complications related to this procedure. From the specimens it was possible to detect the immunoactivation cells and to evaluate the condition of the graft parenchymal cells, permitting diagnosis of rejection, acute tubular necrosis, and cyclosporine toxicity. Our findings corroborate other studies in the literature documenting the useful role of cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in renal transplantation.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of osteoclastic giant‐cell tumor of the pancreas
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , Finley James L. , MacDonald Kenneth G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOsteoclastic giant‐cell tumor (OGCT) of the pancreas is a rare tumor. We present the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and bile cytology findings of an OGCT arising in the head of the pancreas in a 72‐yr‐old male, along with immunocytochemical studies that were done on the cytologic material. The smears showed numerous giant cells with clustered, overlapping, uniform, bland‐appearing nuclei with prominent nucleoli consistent with osteoclastic‐type multinucleated giant cells. A second population of mononucleated cells appearing singly or in groups having similar nuclear features was also present. Immunocytochemical studies performed on the FNA and bile duct fluid material demonstrated positive staining of the malignant cells for vimentin, alpha‐1 antichymotrypsin, and alpha‐1 antitrypsin and negative staining for high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight cytokeratin, pooled monoclonal cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Although not definitive, these studies are supportive of a mesenchymal‐stromal histogenesis of this unusual pancreatic malignancy.
Aspiration cytology of hemangiopericytoma: A report on two cases
Authors: Kumar Neelam Dhingra , Misra Kiran 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytological features of fine‐needle aspiration in two cases of hemangiopericytoma are described. The diagnosis was confirmed by cell block and the silver impregnation method, demonstrating reticulin fibers on smears as well as on the cell block. Histopathological correlation was done in both cases.
Cytology of papillary adenoma of the nipple: A case diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Sood Neelam , Jayaram Gita 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 45‐yr‐old woman being treated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix was found to have a right nipple nodule. Fine‐needle aspiration of the nodule showed a very cellular smear with clusters of ductal cells and many scattered naked nuclei. Papillary clusters with and without a vascular core also were present and enabled a cytological diagnosis of papillary adenoma. Excision of the lesion demonstrated the histopathologic features of a papillary adenoma of the nipple.
Osteitis fibrosa cystica (brown tumor) of the spine with cord compression: Report of a case with needle aspiration biopsy findings
Authors: Kashkari Sheila , Kelly Thomas R. , Bethem Daniel , Pepe Richard G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of osteitis fibrosa cystica or brown tumor of bone in a patient presenting with acute spinal cord compression that was suggested initially by needle aspiration biopsy of the spine is described. Following the aspiration biopsy, excision of vertebral lesions, cord decompression, and spinal fusion were successfully performed. A parathyroid adenoma was subsequently identified and also resected. Along with the diagnosis of malignancy, the presence of hyperparathyroidism with osteitis fibrosa cystica should be considered in a patient presenting with lytic lesions in bone, especially if they are associated with hypercalcemia. Serum parathormone level determination is usually diagnostic of hyperparathyroidism, but this test has a 7‐10‐day turnaround time. Preoperative needle aspiration biopsy is a safe and rapid method of diagnosing osteitis fibrosa cystica and may be of critical importance in a patient with acute and progressive symptoms such as cord compression.
Retrorectal cystic hamartoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Young Nancy A. , Neeson Terry , Bernal Delfin , Hernandez Enrique , Grotkowski Carolyn E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 17‐yr‐old postpartum female presented with a large multicystic mass posterior to the rectum, thought clinically to be an abscess. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy revealed numerous squamous cells. The diagnosis of retrorectal cystic hamartoma was considered and subsequently confirmed by the surgical resection specimen. The cytologic and histologic findings are presented along with a discussion of the entity “retrorectal cystic hamartoma,” including a differential diagnosis of presacrococcygeal cysts.
Fine‐needle aspiration of a metastatic breast carcinoma in the lung with melanin pigmentation: A case report
Authors: Blaustein Rita Leff 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe presence of melanin pigment in the cytoplasm of breast carcinoma cells has been reported. Fine‐needle aspiration of a solitary lung lesion in a woman who had undergone mastectomy for ductal carcinoma revealed malignant cells consistent with the primary mammary tumor; many of these tumor cells contained melanin pigment.
Thyroid tumors: Cytomorphology of medullary, clinically anaplastic, and miscellaneous thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Kaur Arvind , Jayaram Gita 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 2,012 fine‐needle aspirations (FNAs) of the thyroid performed between the years 1984 and 1988, detailed cytomorphologic analysis of 95 cases diagnosed as neoplastic on histology and/or cytology and those that received an equivocal cytodiagnosis are presented in this article. Discussed are medullary thyroid carcinomas (nine cases), clinically anaplastic thyroid tumors (CATT; eight cases), two cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and one primary leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid, for a total of 20 cases. Included in the category of CATT are all the thyroid tumors presenting clinically with an anaplastic growth pattern. The cytomorphology of these tumors varied, but the giant‐ and spindle‐cell pattern was predominant. An accurate cytodiagnosis was possible, as per cytohistologic correlation, in seven cases, while in one case histological material was not available for study. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) showed a mixed spindle‐cell and round‐cell population in eight cases and an entirely spindle‐cell population in one case. All cases of MCT were correctly diagnosed on cytology, and amyloid could be demonstrated in the cytologic smears in three cases. The cases of NHL and leiomyosarcoma could also be correctly interpreted on cytology.
Alimentary tract cytopathology in human immunodeficiency virus infection: A review of experience in los angeles
Authors: Strigle Stephen M. , Gal Anthony A. , Martin Sue Ellen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the past decade, over 100,000 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported in the United States. Conservative estimates suggest that 1.5 million people are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiologic agent of AIDS. Major metropolitan areas, such as Los Angeles, have experienced a rapid increase in the number of AIDS cases. At the Los Angeles County–University of Southern California Medical Center, we have gained significant insight into the cytologic findings associated with HIV infection. Based on our experience, we herein review the technical and morphologic evaluation of alimentary tract cytology specimens from this patient population.
Well‐differentiated liposarcoma of the paratesticular area: Report of a case with fine‐needle aspiration preoperative diagnosis and review of the literature
Authors: Palma Paolo Dalla , Barbazza Renzo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article presents a rare case of well‐differentiated liposarcoma of the paratesticular area (spermatic cord) with a preoperative cytological diagnosis. A 0.6‐mm fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of a paratesticular lump showed many spindle and polygonal atypical cells with numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles. On the basis of a diagnosis of “malignant mesenchymal neoplasia consistent with liposarcoma,” the patient underwent radical orchiectomy. A 8 × 7 × 8.5 cm, whitish mass was found, which was histologically classified as a “well‐differentiated liposarcoma” (with lipoma‐like, sclerosing, and myxoid areas), according to the classification of Enzinger and Weiss. A review of the literature is presented.
Filamentous organisms in gastric brushings and gastric cancer diagnosis
Authors: Sanders D. S. A. , Hussein K. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn association between filamentous organisms and gastric carcinoma has been reported in gastric biopsies. Review of 45 Papanicolau‐stained gastric brushing specimens revealed filamentous organisms in two cases. In both cases, gastric carcinoma was confirmed on follow‐up. Cytopathologists should be aware that the identification of filamentous organisms in gastric brushings is a specific, although insensitive marker of gastric cancer.
Cytological detection of atypical cells by routine urinalysis in a cardiovascular center
Authors: Iwa Nobuzo , Yutani Chikao , Irie Akiko , Katayama Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the past 9 yr, 187,529 Sternheimer‐Malbin‐stained urinary sediments were examined as routine urinalysis specimens from patients attending the National Cardiovaccular Center in Osaka, Japan. Abnormal cells were found in 20 patients who did not have clinical diagnoses of malignancy. Malignant cytological changes in 18 patients resulted in a rate of 1 case in 6,751 patients; the two remaining specimens with abnormal cells showed polyomavirus infection. This article describes our experience in the diagnosis of malignant cells of the urinary tract through the cooperation of the clinical and cytological laboratories. Since in Japan, the rate of death for bladder cancer is similar to 1 in 6,751, this method seems to be of great use in the diagnosis of urinary tract malignancies.
Cytologic and clinicopathologic features of abnormal nipple secretions: 225 cases
Authors: Johnson Terri L. , Kini Sudha R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case review of 225 patients with abnormal breast nipple secretions (NS) was done to determine diagnostically useful clinical and cytologic features. The cytologic specimens and medical records from all patients and 45 concurrent breast biopsies were reviewed. Nipple discharge was attributed to fibrocystic disease (FCD) in 81 cases, physiologic disturbances in 62, papillomas in 18, ductal carcinoma (CAI in 5, miscellaneous benign disorders in 14, and unknown causes in 45. Although cytologic examination of NS was very specific in identifying malignancy, the sensitivity of cytology was low. Carcinoma was diagnosed or suspected cytologically in only three of the five CA cases, with no false‐positive cytopathologic interpretations. Malignant NS were usually unilateral, hemorrhagic, mass‐associated, and in older patients. Males with nipple discharge had a significantly higher incidence of breast cancer (two of nine; 22%) than women with abnormal NS (3 of 216; 1.5%). Papilloma NS were generally unilateral and hemorrhagic; FCD and physiologic NS were mostly serous or milky. Benign NS were not cytologically distinguishable. We conclude that cytologic examination of NS is a specific but insensitive method to identify underlying malignancy. Additional clinical features, including patient age, laterality and character of NS, and radiographic findings, were found to be diagnostically useful.