bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming data‐intensive workflows: A cutting‐edge multi‐layer security and quality aware security framework
Authors: Aljohani Maha 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe data‐intensive workflow application executes tasks on edge servers and cloud platforms in a heterogeneous big‐data computing environment. Cloud and edge servers are vulnerable to node attacks and malicious links due to their wireless connections. Thus, detecting and mitigating rogue nodes in edge server communication environments during workflow execution is crucial. In today's workflow execution landscape, there is a rising emphasis on resolving Quality of Service (QoS) and security concerns within homogeneous execution settings. Workflow execution on diverse computing platforms has received limited research. We are developing an edge‐cloud‐specific Multi‐Layer Security and Quality‐Aware (MLSQA) framework to solve research issues in this area. Node attacks are detected via reputation‐based security features in the MLSQA framework, whereas link attacks are detected using machine learning. A unique trade‐off metrics technique optimizes workflow security and QoS parameters, reducing energy usage and makespan. In addition, a fault‐tolerant, energy‐efficient job offloading technique is described in detail to improve the system's resilience to errors. The experiment is conducted using complex (i.e., memory and CPU intensive) scientific procedures with intermediate job dependencies, namely Inspiral workflow. The MLSQA framework excels in threat detection, demonstrating lower false alarms, reduced energy consumption, and quicker implementation than the recent secure workflow execution architecture.
Early experiences on the OLCF Frontier system with AthenaPK and Parthenon‐Hydro
Authors: Holmen John K. , Grete Philipp , Melesse Vergara Verónica G. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) has been preparing the nation's first exascale system, Frontier, for production and end users. Frontier is based on HPE Cray's new EX architecture and Slingshot interconnect and features 74 cabinets of optimized 3rd Gen AMD EPYC CPUs for HPC and AI and AMD Instinct 250X accelerators. As a part of this preparation, “real‐world” user codes have been selected to help assess the functionality, performance, and usability of the system. This article describes early experiences using the system in collaboration with the Hamburg Observatory for two selected codes, which have since been adopted in the OLCF test harness. Experiences discussed include efforts to resolve performance variability and per‐cycle slowdowns. Results are shown for a performance portable astrophysical magnetohydronamics code, AthenaPK, and a mini‐application stressing the core functionality of a performance portable block‐structured adaptive mesh refinement framework, Parthenon‐Hydro. These results show good scaling characteristics to the full system. At the largest scale, the Parthenon‐Hydro miniapp reaches a total of zone‐cycles/s on 9216 nodes (73,728 logical GPUs) at 92% weak scaling parallel efficiency (starting from a single node using a second‐order, finite‐volume method).
Tweaking the Non–Volatile Write–Once–Read–Many–Times (WORM) Memory using Donor‐Acceptor Architecture with Isatin as Core Acceptor
Authors: Ardra Murali , Gayathri Ramesh , Swetha Senthilkumar V. , Mohamed Imran Pradhanekar , Nagarajan Samuthira 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic memory devices have attracted attention because they promise flexible electronics, low manufacturing costs, and compatibility with large–scale integration. A series of new D−A architectures were synthesized employing different donor groups and the isatin moiety as the acceptor through Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. Strong intramolecular interactions were observed in the synthesized compounds, further corroborated by an optimal bandgap. The SEM investigation confirmed good molecular ordering and superior thin film surface coverage. All the compounds demonstrated notable binary Write–Once–Read–Many–Times (WORM) memory behaviour. The threshold switching voltage for these D−A systems ranged from −0.79 to −2.37 V, with the compound having isobutyl substituent showing the lowest threshold voltage and maximum ON/OFF ratio of 102, thus outperforming others. The combined effects of charge transfer and charge trapping are responsible for the resistive switching mechanism prevailing in these systems. The alterations in D−A molecules that affect molecular packing, thin film morphology, and, finally, the memory performance of the active layer are highlighted in this work.
Deciphering chemoresistance in osteosarcoma: Unveiling regulatory mechanisms and function through the lens of noncoding RNA
Authors: Chen Hefen , Gong Zhujun , Zhou Hong , Han Yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor and is prevalent in children, adolescents, and elderly individuals. It has the characteristics of high invasion and metastasis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgical resection is the most commonly used treatment for OS. However, the efficacy of OS is considerably diminished by chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are hot topics in the field of chemotherapy resistance research. Several studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs are substantially associated with chemoresistance in OS. Thus, the present study overviews the abnormally expressed ncRNAs in OS and the molecular mechanisms involved in chemoresistance, with an emphasis on their function in promoting or inhibiting chemoresistance. ncRNAs are expected to become potential therapeutic targets for overcoming drug resistance and predictive biomarkers in OS, which are of great significance for enhancing the therapeutic effect and improving the prognosis.
Environmental factors influencing red knot (Calidris canutus islandica) departure times of relocation flights within the non‐breeding period
Authors: Gobbens Evy , Beardsworth Christine E. , Dekinga Anne , ten Horn Job , Toledo Sivan , Nathan Ran , Bijleveld Allert I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeciding when to depart on long‐distance, sometimes global, movements can be especially important for flying species. Adverse weather conditions can affect energetic flight costs and navigational ability. While departure timings and conditions have been well‐studied for migratory flights to and from the breeding range, few studies have focussed on flights within the non‐breeding season. Yet in some cases, overwintering ranges can be large enough that ecological barriers, and a lack of resting sites en route, may resist movement, especially in unfavorable environmental conditions. Understanding the conditions that will enable or prohibit flights within an overwintering range is particularly relevant in light of climate change, whereby increases in extreme weather events may reduce the connectivity of sites. We tracked 495 (n = 251 in 2019; n = 244 in 2020) overwintering red knots (Calidris canutus islandica) in the Dutch Wadden Sea and investigated how many departed towards the UK (on westward relocation flights), which requires flying over the North Sea. For those that departed, we used a resource selection model to determine the effect of environmental conditions on the timing of relocation flights. Specifically, we investigated the effects of wind, rain, atmospheric pressure, cloud cover, and migratory timing relative to sunset and tidal cycle, which have all been shown to be crucial to migratory departure conditions. Approximately 37% (2019) and 36% (2020) of tagged red knots departed on westward relocation flights, indicating differences between individuals' space use within the overwintering range. Red knots selected for departures between 1 and 2.5 h after sunset, approximately 4 h before high tide, with tailwinds and little cloud cover. However, rainfall and changes in atmospheric pressure appear unimportant. Our study reveals environmental conditions that are important for relocation flights across an ecological barrier, indicating potential consequences of climate change on connectivity.
Prognostic mortality factors in advanced light chain cardiac amyloidosis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zaroui Amira , Kharoubi Mounira , Gounot Romain , Oghina Silvia , Degoutte Charlotte , Bezard Melanie , Galat Arnault , Guendouz Soulef , Roulin Louise , Audard Vincent , Leroy Vincent , Teiger Emmanuel , Poullot Elsa , Molinier‐Frenkel Valérie , Le Bras Fabien , Belhadj Karim , Bastard Jean‐Philippe , Fellahi Soraya , Shourick Jason , Lemonier Francois , Damy Thibaud 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsPredicting mortality in severe AL cardiac amyloidosis is challenging due to elevated biomarker levels and limited thresholds for stratifying severe cardiac damage.Methods and resultsThis prospective, observational, cohort study included de novo, confirmed cardiac AL amyloidosis patients at the Henri Mondor National Reference Centre. The goal was to identify predictors of mortality to enhance prognostic stratification and improve informed decision‐making regarding therapy. Over the 12‐year study period, among the 233 patients included, 133 were NYHA III‐IV and 179 Mayo 2004 III. The independent predictors for mortality identified were hsTnT, NT‐proBNP, cardiac output, and conjugated bilirubin. A novel prognostic, conditional stratification, Mondor amyloidosis cardiac staging (MACS) was developed with biomarker cut‐off values for Stage 1: hsTnT ≤ 107 ng/L and NT‐proBNP ≤ 3867 ng/L (n = 77; 33%); for stage 2 NT‐proBNP > 3867 ng/L (n = 72; 30%). For stage 3, if troponin >107 ng/L, regardless of NT‐proBNP then CB 4 μmol/L, was added (n = 41; 17.5%) and stage 4: CB > 4 μmol/L (n = 43; 18.5%). The median overall survival was 8 months 95% CI [2–24]. At 1 year, 102 (44%) patients died and the Kaplan–Meier median survival with MACS Stage 1 was not reached, while stage 2 was 15.2 months (95% CI [11–18]) and stage 3, 6.6 months (95% CI [1–13]). Notably, among European stage II patients, 17.1%, n = 8 were MACS stage 3 and European stage IIIb 21.4% (n = 23) were MACS stage 4. Importantly, among European stage IIIb patients 42.2% (n = 29) were classified MACS stage 4 and 12.5% n = 9 were only MACS stage 2.ConclusionsThe Mondor prognostic staging system, including conjugate bilirubin may significantly improve prognostic stratification for patients with severe cardiac amyloidosis.
Blood pressure and intensive treatment up‐titration after acute heart failure hospitalization: Insights from the STRONG‐HF trial
Authors: Pagnesi Matteo , Vilamajó Oscar Alberto Gomez , Meiriño Alejandro , Dumont Carlos Alberto , Mebazaa Alexandre , Davison Beth , Adamo Marianna , Arrigo Mattia , Barros Marianela , Biegus Jan , Celutkiene Jelena , Čerlinskaitė‐Bajorė Kamilė , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Damasceno Albertino , Diaz Rafael , Edwards Christopher , Filippatos Gerasimos , Gayat Etienne , Kimmoun Antoine , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Novosadova Maria , Pang Peter S. , Ponikowski Piotr , Saidu Hadiza , Sliwa Karen , Takagi Koji , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Tomasoni Daniela , Voors Adriaan A. , Cotter Gad , Metra Marco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsA high‐intensity care (HIC) strategy with rapid guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) up‐titration and close follow‐up visits improved outcomes, compared to usual care (UC), in patients recently hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF). Hypotension is a major limitation to GDMT implementation. We aimed to assess the impact of baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the effects of HIC versus UC and the role of early SBP changes in STRONG‐HF.Methods and resultsA total of 1075 patients hospitalized for AHF with SBP ≥100 mmHg were included in STRONG‐HF. For the purpose of this post‐hoc analysis, patients were stratified by tertiles of baseline SBP (<118, 118–128, and ≥129 mmHg) and, in the HIC arm, by tertiles of changes in SBP from the values measured before discharge to those measured at 1 week after discharge (≥2 mmHg increase, ≤7 mmHg decrease to <2 mmHg increase, and ≥8 mmHg decrease). The primary endpoint was 180‐day heart failure rehospitalization or death. The effect of HIC versus UC on the primary endpoint was independent of baseline SBP evaluated as tertiles (pinteraction = 0.77) or as a continuous variable (pinteraction = 0.91). In the HIC arm, patients with increased, stable and decreased SBP at 1 week reached 83.5%, 76.2% and 75.3% of target doses of GDMT at day 90. The risk of the primary endpoint was not significantly different between patients with different SBP changes at 1 week (adjusted p = 0.46).ConclusionsIn STRONG‐HF, the benefits of HIC versus UC were independent of baseline SBP. Rapid GDMT up‐titration was performed also in patients with an early SBP drop, resulting in similar 180‐day outcome as compared to patients with stable or increased SBP.
Direct Diels‐Alder Reaction of Biomass‐Derived Furfurol with Maleimides in a Bio‐Based Green Solvent
Authors: Skolia Elpida , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnvironmental concern has motivated an inclination to exploit waste and upgrade it into high‐added‐value chemicals. Biomass is an excellent carbon source that provides a variety of raw materials as building blocks, such as furans. Herein, we report the upcycling of furfurol, a known biomass by‐product, through a Diels‐Alder cycloaddition with maleimides that is performed in a green bio‐derived solvent, 2‐MeTHF. We provide two alternative sets of reaction conditions to promote exo or endo selectivity, which depends on the temperature employed. A variety of products were obtained in 70–96 % yield and high exo selectivity at 80 °C, while a 30 : 70‐45 : 55 exo/endo ratio was produced at room temperature. A large‐scale reaction was also performed.
A review of hydrogen production and storage materials for efficient integrated hydrogen energy systems
Authors: Alasali Feras , Abuashour Mohammed I. , Hammad Waleed , Almomani Derar , Obeidat Amr M. , Holderbaum William 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rapidly growing global need for environmentally friendly energy solutions has inspired extensive research and development efforts aimed at harnessing the potential of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen, with its diverse applications and relatively straightforward acquisition, is viewed as a promising energy carrier capable of tackling pressing issues, such as carbon emissions reduction and energy storage. This study conducts a preliminary investigation into effective hydrogen generation and storage systems, encompassing methods like water electrolysis, biomass reforming, and solar‐driven processes. Specifically, the study focuses on assessing the potential of nanostructured catalysts and innovative materials to enhance the productivity and versatility of hydrogen energy systems. Additionally, the utilization of novel materials not only improves hydrogen storage capacity and safety but also opens up possibilities for inventive applications, including on‐demand release and efficient transportation. Furthermore, critical factors such as catalyst design, material engineering, system integration, and technoeconomic viability are examined to identify challenges and chart paths for future advancements. The research emphasizes the importance of fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to advance hydrogen energy technologies and contribute to a sustainable energy future.
Numerical investigation of flow boiling behavior in a vertical tube of a shell‐and‐tube phase change heat storage unit
Authors: Zheng Xun , Yu Minghao , Xie Junyu , Gao Hongtao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhase Change Materials (PCMs) demonstrate significant potential as latent heat storage systems for direct steam generation. This investigation explores the heat transfer dynamics of an upward‐flowing heat transfer fluid (HTF) boiling within a vertical tube, concurrently examining the solidification process of PCM outside the tube. A two‐dimensional model of a shell and tube heat storage device is established for this purpose. The simulation employs the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model coupled with the Lee model to simulate HTF boiling inside the tube. Concurrently, the enthalpy‐porosity model is utilized to analyze the PCM solidification process. The findings reveal that PCM solidification and heat discharge are influenced by the temperature and thermal conductivity of the HTF, leading to uneven solidified PCM thickness along the tube's length over time. Additionally, variations in tube length, inlet velocity, and inlet temperature impact both the vapor quality of HTF and the thickness of solidified PCM. Tube length correlates with boiling time, affecting the accumulation of steam quality throughout the coupling process. Inlet velocity dictates the heat transfer of HTF with PCM within a limited distance, and insufficient heat exchange resulting in the cessation of HTF boiling. Inlet temperature determines the appropriate device size, lower inlet temperatures necessitate longer tubes to extend the heat charging duration until boiling initiation.
Exploration of novel phenyl mercury tetrazole‐thione complexes: Characterization and investigating the impact of diamine ligands on enhanced hydrogen storage
Authors: Hameed Anwar A. , Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Al‐Jibori Subhi A. , Alheety Mustafa A. , Singh Pramod K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTen mixed‐ligand phenyl mercury(II) complexes containing 1‐methyl‐1H‐tetrazole‐5‐thiol (HmtzS) (1) and phosphine or amine ligands. These complexes fall into two groups: [PhHg(mtzS){Ph2P(CH2)PPh2}]2 (2) and [PhHg(mtzS){Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2}] (3‐6), where n varies, and [PhHg(mtzS)(diamine)] (8‐10), with diamine choices being 2,2′‐bipyridyl (Bipy, 8), 1,10‐phenathroline (Phen, 9), or ethylenediamine (en, 10). These complexes were synthesized with moderate to high yields and characterized using various techniques. Characterization data revealed that the mtzS− ligand coordinates as a monodentate ligand through the thiolate sulfur atom in all complexes, adopting a tetrahedral geometry around the Hg(II) center. Furthermore, complexes [PhHg(mtzS)] (1) and its diamine derivatives (8‐10) were assessed for hydrogen storage at 77 K using the VTI method. Results demonstrated that the incorporation of diamines improves hydrogen storage capacity at low pressure. The precursor stored (1) 2.3 wt.% at 80 bar, while the other complexes showed storage capacities ranging from 2.9 to 3.86 wt.% at pressures of 45‐60 bar. Thermodynamic properties of the [PhHg(mtzS)(Bipy)] complex was calculated at three different temperatures. The results prove that the entropy was equal to 0.50543599 J/mol H2. K while the enthalpy equal to 0.0942638 KJ/(mol H2).
Vine copula‐based scenario tree generation approaches for portfolio optimization
Authors: He Xiaolei , Zhang Weiguo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient heuristic to generate multi‐stage scenario trees for portfolio selection problems. In the case of two or more risky assets, investors need to account for the complex multivariate dependence among different assets. The dependence patterns have shown not only asymmetric and fat tails but also time‐varying, and the upper and lower tails have different effect on portfolio management. In this paper, we design a new scenario generation method by combining the GARCH‐type model and vine copula model to properly reflect these complex dependence patterns in multiple assets in a flexible way. A multi‐stage scenario tree is generated sequentially from this model by simultaneously utilizing the simulation and clustering methods. The scenarios' nodal probabilities are determined by solving an improved moment matching model, whose objective is to maintain the central moments and lower tails of the original distribution. The resulting scenario trees are then tested on a multi‐stage portfolio selection model. The experimental results prove the efficiency and advantages of our proposed scenario generation method over other existing models or methods and the positive influence of moment matching on our method.
Advances in resources, biosynthesis pathway, bioavailability, bioactivity, and pharmacology of ochnaflavone
Authors: Lin Shiye , Ganesan Abirami Ramu , Vargas‐De‐La‐Cruz Celia , Ortiz‐Viedma Jaime , Xiao Jianbo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOchnaflavone is a naturally occurring biflavonoid mainly isolated from Ochna integerrima, manifests health benefits encompassing antidiabetic, anticancer, anti‐cardiovascular, and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, most bioactivity research has focused on in vitro experiments, rather than in vivo disease models, toxicological assessments, and human clinical trials. Moreover, a comprehensive review of the pharmacological aspects of ochnaflavone is conspicuously lacking. Thus, this review provides a concise and comprehensive summary of existing knowledge on the chemical structure, plant origin, physical properties, biotransformations, and multifaceted biological activities of ochnaflavone along with an in‐depth exploration of the complex molecular mechanisms behind these activities, including signaling pathways and gene expression regulation, with the aim of promoting future theoretical needs for ochnaflavone in clinical trials and providing comprehensive insights into the research and application of this valuable natural compound.
Perceived nutrition needs of people experiencing disadvantage in utilizing support services: An Australian case study
Authors: Vaiciurgis Verena T. , Clancy Annabel K. , O'Reilly Grace , Beck Eleanor J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIndividuals experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage face higher rates of food insecurity and health disparities. This study explored the perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of individuals providing nutrition services, and users of these services, to identify nutrition needs and inform potential strategies for addressing diet‐related health inequities. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted utilizing a phenomenological approach to explore lived experiences, beliefs, and perceptions influencing nutrition‐related health. Key themes were derived by consensus among researchers using inductive thematic analysis. Twenty‐two interviews were completed, which identified five themes. “Budgetary Constraints” was found to have a pervasive impact on all nutrition‐related services. Secondly, diverse “Individual Clientele” was found to influence three overlapping themes pertaining to opportunities and limitations for “Knowledge and Skills,” “Services, Resources and Staff,” and the “Systems and Food Environment.” Budgets directly impact the availability of services, resources, food provision, sustainability, and educational opportunities for staff, volunteers and service users. A live‐in environment offers a platform to implement and evaluate targeted interventions to inform and enhance nutrition‐related support services. Future interventions should address individual and systemic influences, prioritizing client‐informed, cost‐effective, sustainable capacity building for clients and staff. Recommendations for systemic and environmental influences include formalized staff training, peer‐mentoring systems, and increasing client autonomy. This has the potential to improve food security for residents following their transition into independent living. Charitable system limitations underscore the need for broader systemic change, informed policymaking, and government intervention to effectively address the root causes of food insecurity and diet‐related health inequities.