bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure calculations of europium chalcogenides EuS and EuSe
Authors: Rached D. , Ameri M. , Rabah M. , Khenata R. , Bouhemadou A. , Benkhettou N. , Dine el Hannani M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe have performed ab‐initio self‐consistent calculations on the full‐potential linear muffin‐tin orbital method with the local‐density approximation and local spin‐density approximation to investigate the structural and electronic properties of EuS and EuSe in its stable (NaCl‐B1) and high‐pressure phases. The magnetic phase stability was determined from the total energy calculations for both the nonmagnetic (NM) and magnetic (M) phases. These theoretical calculations clearly indicate that both at ambient and high pressures, the magnetic phase is more stable than the nonmagnetic phase. The transition pressure at which these compounds undergo the structural phase transition from NaCl‐B1 to CsCl‐B2 phase is calculated. The elastic constants at equilibrium in both NaCl‐B1 and CsCl‐B2 structures are also determined. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Density functional study of carbon monoxide adsorption on small cationic, neutral, and anionic aluminum nitride clusters
Authors: Guo Ling 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCO adsorption on small cationic, neutral, and anionic (AlN)n (n = 1–6) clusters has been investigated using density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation. Among various possible CO adsorption sites, an N on‐top (onefold coordinated) site is found to be the most favorable one, irrespective of the charge state of the clusters. The adsorption energies of CO on the anionic (AlN)nCO (n = 2–4) clusters are greater than those on the neutral and cationic complexes. The adsorption energies on the cationic and neutral complexes reflect the odd–even oscillations, and the adsorption energies of CO on the cationic (AlN)nCO (n = 5, 6) clusters are greater than those on the neutral and anionic complexes. The adsorption energies for the different charge states decrease with increasing cluster size. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
SLA: A legal assurance process model for software engineering management
Authors: Rejas‐Muslera Ricardo J. , Cuadrado‐Gallego Juan J. , Sicilia Miguel‐Angel , Rodríguez Daniel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe legal assurance activities and measures are a key element for the viability of information systems projects because nowadays there can arise legal risks in some cases, which can be a serious threat for project commercial and financial success. In spite of this, there does not exist in the main evaluation and improvement processes models a process of legal assurance that systematizes and orders the activities and measures precisely by to manage such legal risks. On the other hand, the professional practice does not generally incorporate standardized processes in order to discipline the legal assurance activities and measures. This circumstance can generate the appearance of deficits in the project's legal security. This work proposes to consider the legal assurance activities and measures as a process to implement more in the evaluation and improvement processes models, with the objective to provide a suitable instrument for the management of inherent legal risks to any information systems project. This concept of the legal assurance activities and measures as a process allows the exceeding of the present reactivity characteristic of the effective professional practice and elevates it to proactive management, suitable for avoiding the legal risks that can threaten the project. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Männliche Keimzellen aus embryonalen Stammzellen
Authors: Nolte J. , Rathsack K. , Drusenheimer N. , Dev A. , Zechner U. , Haaf T. , Meinhardt A. , Michelmann H.W. , Nayernia K. , Engel W. 
Published: January 2007

Zusammenfassung
Die Grundlage für die lebenslange Differenzierung männlicher Keimzellen sind die spermatogonialen Stammzellen (SSC) im Testis (etwa 0,03% aller Testiszellen). Es ist gelungen, aus embryonalen Stammzellen (ES-Zellen) der Maus SSC zu generieren, die die Meiose und die Haploidisierung durchlaufen. Werden die entstehenden Spermien mit Hilfe von ICSI in unbefruchtete Eizellen eingebracht und die entstandenen 2-Zeller in den Uterus pseudoschwangerer Mäuse transferiert, werden lebensfähige Mäuse geboren. Die von uns entwickelte Strategie ermöglicht molekulare und biochemische Untersuchungen zur männlichen Keimzelldifferenzierung, insbesondere auch zur Meiose und zur Haploidisierung.
Linking over cones and nontrivial solutions for p-Laplace equations with p-superlinear nonlinearity
Authors: Degiovanni Marco , Lancelotti Sergio 
Published: January 2007

We prove that the quasilinear equation

−\mathrm{\Delta }_{p}u = \lambda V|u|^{p−2}u + g(x,u)

, with

g

subcritical and

p

-superlinear at

0

and at infinity, admits a nontrivial weak solution

u \in W_{0}^{1,p}(\Omega )

for any

\lambda \in \mathbb{R}

. A minimax approach, allowing also an estimate of the corresponding critical level, is used. New linking structures, associated to certain variational eigenvalues of

−\mathrm{\Delta }_{p}u = \lambda V|u|^{p−2}u

, are recognized, even in absence of any direct sum decomposition of

W_{0}^{1,p}(\Omega )

related to the eigenvalue itself.

Résumé

On démontre que l'équation quasilinéaire

−\mathrm{\Delta }_{p}u = \lambda V|u|^{p−2}u + g(x,u)

, avec

g

souscritique et

p

-surlinéaire en 0 et à l'infini, admet une solution faible non triviale. Une approche de minimax est utilisée, qui permet aussi une estimation du niveau critique correspondant. De nouvelles structures d'enlacement, associées à certaines valeurs propres variationnelles de

−\mathrm{\Delta }_{p}u = \lambda V|u|^{p−2}u

, sont reconnues, même en l'absence d'une décomposition directe de

W_{0}^{1,p}(\Omega )

liée à la valeur propre.
Psychopathological consequences after a terrorist attack: An epidemiological study among victims, the general population, and police officers
Authors: Gabriel Rafael , Ferrando Laura , Cortón Enrique Sainz , Mingote Carlos , García-Camba Eduardo , Liria Alberto Fernández , Galea Sandro 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground and aimTo assess the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression and anxiety disorders other than PTSD, among three samples with different level of exposure to the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks in Madrid.MethodWe sampled three groups of persons—those injured in the attacks, the residents of Alcala de Henares, and police officers involved with the rescue effort—with different exposure to the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks, using random sampling from comprehensive censuses of all three groups. In person interviews were conducted with all three groups between 5 and 12 weeks after March 11, 2004. Questionnaire included assessment of socio-demographic characteristics, of PTSD using the Davidson trauma scale, and of a range of psychiatric illnesses using the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI).ResultsThe overall sample included 127 persons injured in the attack, 485 residents of Alcalá de Henares, and 153 policemen involved in rescue. Of all three groups 57.5%, 25.9% and 3.9% of persons, respectively, reported symptoms consistent with any assessed psychiatric disorder. The use of psychoactive medication before March 11, 2004 was consistently the main predictor of PTSD and major depression among those injured and of major depression and anxiety disorders others than PTSD among residents of Alcala.ConclusionsThere was a substantial burden of psychological consequences of the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks two months after the event. Persons with prior mental illness are at higher risk of post-event psychopathology, across groups of exposure.
Computerized assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: Promises and pitfalls of CANTAB
Authors: Levaux Marie-Noëlle , Potvin Stéphane , Sepehry Amir Ali , Sablier Juliette , Mendrek Adrianna , Stip Emmanuel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectiveOver the last decade, the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), which comprises visuo-spatial tasks, has been utilized in cognitive studies of schizophrenia. A clear approach concerning the usage of CANTAB for the appraisal of neurocognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is currently lacking.MethodIn this paper, we have first reviewed the overall applications of CANTAB and then evaluated methodological strengths and weaknesses of CANTAB as a neurocognitive battery for schizophrenia. We carried out a systematic search and assessment of studies where CANTAB was utilized to measure cognitive function in schizophrenia. We have also attempted to quantify the available data and perform a meta-analysis, but this approach turned out to be still premature.ResultsCANTAB has enabled researchers to highlight significant deficits affecting broad cognitive domains in schizophrenia, such as working memory, decision-making, attention, executive functions and visual memory. So far, the most consistent deficit observed with CANTAB testing has been attentional set-shifting, suggestive of fronto-striatal dysfunctions. In addition, preliminary evidence points towards the potential use of CANTAB to identify cognitive predictors of psychosocial functioning, to describe the relationships between symptoms and cognition, and to measure the impact of pharmacological agents on cognitive functioning.ConclusionCANTAB has been used successfully to highlight the range of visuo-spatial cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, producing similar results to those obtained with some traditional neuropsychological tests. Further studies validating the use of CANTAB following the standard set by Measurement And Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) are warranted.
Greater frequency of subcortical lesions in severely demented patients with early onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Geppert Anita Malgorzata , Wroblewska Katarzyna Anna , Przedpelska-Ober Elzbieta Maria 
Published: January 2007

BackgroundRecent data have shown that in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular brain lesions might promote the progression of cognitive decline or might even precede neuronal damage.MethodsIschemic brain lesions, recognized on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, were analyzed retrospectively in 72 patients with early and late onset sporadic AD.ResultsAll types of ischemic lesions occurred more frequently in the AD patients than in the controls. Analysis of subgroups of early and late onset AD patients diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging showed a more frequent occurrence of subcoritcal lesions in severely demented patients with early onset AD.ConclusionsThe non‐stroke subcortical ischemic lesions occurring more frequently in our AD patients might be recognized as the concomitant vascular pathology that characterizes severely demented patients with early onset sporadic AD.
Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
Authors: Judge Timothy A. , Fluegge Woolf Erin , Hurst Charlice , Livingston Beth 
Published: January 2007

Charismatische und transformationale Führung: Ein Überblick und eine Agenda für zukünftige ForschungsarbeitenAbstract. Of all the leadership theories in organizational research, charismatic/transformational leadership has captured scholars' interest most over the past decade. This article reviews what has been learned about the antecedents of charismatic and transformational leadership, their effects on individual and collective outcomes across cultures, and moderators of those effects. We conclude with a set of recommendations for moving this field of study forward, including a call for more rigorous research designs that provide greater insight into the process of transformational leadership (i.e., causal direction and mediating mechanisms), further conceptual clarifications, and further integration with other schools of leadership thought.
Self Consistent Models for the Emissive Regions of Quasars and Seyfert Nuclei
Authors: S Collin-Souffrin  
Published: January 2007

Models for the region emitting the forbidden and the permitted lines of Quasars and Seyfert nuclei are reviewed. First, the mode of energy supply is discussed, and it is concluded that, while the supply is predominantly radiative in the region emitting the forbidden lines, as generally assumed, it is probably partly kinetic in the region emitting the permitted lines.
The models include stationary photoionized models, where the thermal equilibrium and the transfer are solved, models in which the transfer and the thermal equilibrium are not taken into account, and time dependent photoionized models. A brief discussion of the other kinds of possible models is given.
On the Periodicity in the Distribution of Quasar Redshifts
Authors: Per Kjærgaard  
Published: January 2007

The periodicity in the distribution of quasar redshifts, previously found by Karlsson [1] and recently discussed by Karlsson [2] and Barnothy and Barnothy [3], is explained in terms of selection effects. Special attention is drawn to a selection effect caused by the redshift dependent influence of the strong emission lines on the limiting magnitude for detecting quasars. This is especially important since the number of quasars increases with a large factor per magnitude. The limiting magnitude effect applies both to spectroscopic and to UV-excess surveys.
It is shown that the redshift distribution of quasars selected by a combination of UV-excess information and agreement between radio and optical position is intermediate between the redshift distribution of the two groups of quasars selected by one of the two criteria. It is also shown that the distribution of redshifts for UV-excess selected quasars is very similar to the variation of the ultraviolet excess as a function of redshift. This evidence indicates that strong selection effects are in play.
Changes in the gene expression of adiponectin and glucose transporter 12 (GLUT12) in lactating and non‐lactating cows
Authors: KOMATSU Tokushi , ITOH Fumiaki , SAKUMOTO Ryosuke , HODATE Koichi , OBARA Yoshiaki , KUSHIBIKI Shiro 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTGlucose delivery and uptake by the mammary gland is a rate‐limiting step in milk synthesis. Insulin resistance is believed to increase throughout the body following the onset of lactation. To study glucose metabolism in peak‐, late‐, and non‐lactating cows we analyzed the expression of an adipokine, namely, adiponectin, decreased insulin resistance, leptin, and a novel insulin‐responsive glucose transporter (GLUT12) in the adipose tissue and mammary gland by using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Our results demonstrated that the mRNA level of adiponectin in the adipose tissue was greater in non‐lactating cows than in peak‐lactating cows. In the adipose tissue, there were no significant differences in the abundance of GLUT12 mRNA between the peak‐, late‐, and non‐lactating cows. In contrast, in the mammary gland, the mRNA level of GLUT12 was greater in non‐lactating cows than in peak‐ and late‐lactating cows. In the adipose tissue, the mRNA level of leptin and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) was greater in non‐lactating cows than in peak‐lactating cows. The results of the present study suggest that in lactating cows adiponectin plays an important role in insulin resistance in the adipose tissue; in the mammary gland, GLUT12 expression is believed to be an important factor for insulin‐dependent glucose metabolism.
Experience in adverse events detection in an emergency department: Incidence and outcome of events
Authors: Hendrie James , Sammartino Luke , Silvapulle Mervyn J , Braitberg George 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectives:  The study was performed to determine the incidence, outcome and preventability of adverse events (AE) in an ED.Methods:  The Quality in Australian Health Care Study methodology, modified to the ED, was utilized. Case histories of patients presenting to a tertiary hospital ED were screened for events. Events detected were classified, using a 104‐item data collection instrument, entered on Excel and analysed statistically using MINITAB.Results:  A total of 5345 patients presented during the study period. Three thousand three hundred and thirty‐two patients completed full evaluation and comprised the study population. One hundred and ninety‐four events were detected. Except where specified, events with management causation ≤ 3 were excluded. This excluded 24 events (12.4%) leaving 170 for analysis. Of patients suffering an event, 53.5% occurred prior ED attendance, 41.7% of AE occurred within the ED, and 4.7% had contributions from both. The overall event rate, detected by the screening process, was 5.1%, with an incident rate of 1.98% and AE rate of 3.12%. The ED AE rate was 1.0%. If only those with management causation = 1 are excluded, then the overall event rate was 5.52%, with an AE rate of 3.33%. Fifty‐five per cent of events were judged to be preventable (preventability score ≥ 3). Events resulting in death and disability were more likely to be preventable (P ≤ 0.04).Conclusion:  In conclusion, the Quality in Australian Health Care Study methodology has been utilized to provide data on incidents and AE in an ED.
Multifaceted education initiative minimizes pethidine prescribing in the emergency department
Authors: Taylor Simone E , Braitberg George , Lugt Josephine 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground:  Pain management experts have recommended a diminished role for pethidine because of lack of superiority for any indication and greater potential for adverse effects compared with morphine.Objectives:  To evaluate the impact of a multifaceted education initiative on prescribing patterns and to minimize pethidine use in the ED.Methods:  This was a pre‐ and post‐intervention study. The intervention was an education initiative, introduced between December 2003 and January 2004. It comprised ED pharmacist in‐services for medical and nursing staff, championing by senior medical staff (ED consultants, surgical units, Drug and Therapeutics Committee) and concurrent prescriber feedback by ED pharmacists. The pre‐intervention prescribing practices guided the development of in‐services and the educational programme. The intervention was evaluated by a medical record review of analgesic prescribing in March–April of both 2003 (pre‐intervention period) and 2004 (post‐intervention period). Outcome measures were the proportions of patients who were prescribed pethidine and the proportions of pethidine ampoules supplied to the ED. Results were analysed as differences in proportions.Results:  In the pre‐intervention period, 60 ampoules of pethidine (7.2% of opiate doses) and 777 ampoules of morphine (92.8% of opiate doses) were administered compared with 15 ampoules of pethidine (1.7%) and 869 ampoules of morphine (98.3%) in the post‐intervention period (P < 0.001). Of patients who received an opiate dose, 50 of 798 (6.3%) and 11 of 747 (1.5%) received pethidine in the pre‐ and post‐intervention periods, respectively (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Our education initiative resulted in a sustained and significant reduction in pethidine prescribing in the ED. Sustainability requires ongoing in‐services for ED staff, usually as part of the orientation programme.
Soil seed banks and plant community assembly following disturbance by fire and logging in interior Douglas-fir forests of south-central British Columbia
Authors: Stark Kaeli E. , Arsenault André , Bradfield Gary E. 
Published: January 2007

Relationships between soil seed banks and aboveground understory vegetation were examined in dry Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Beissn.) Franco) forests near Kamloops, British Columbia, to compare the effects of different disturbance types (low and high severity fires and non-salvage logging), and to evaluate how seed banks contribute to post-disturbance vegetation establishment. Sites were selected to represent disturbances at 1, 5, and 10 years prior to sampling, and data were analyzed using nonparametric univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Seed density and species composition of seed banks did not differ significantly among the 1 year disturbed sites; however, the rooted frequencies of seed-origin plants in the establishing vegetation decreased in the order: lightly burned > severely burned > logged. Seed dispersal within the first year following fire is believed to be an important recovery mechanism on burned sites. Low frequencies of seed-derived plants, particularly conifer seedlings, on logged sites pose concerns for the initial recovery of vegetation following logging; nonetheless, the lack of significant differences in understory species composition between sites burned 5 years prior to sampling and sites logged 10 years prior to sampling, and their corresponding undisturbed sites, suggests that vegetation recovery can occur relatively quickly. Rooted frequencies of plants establishing naturally in burned areas were similar to those in undisturbed areas, which suggests that post-fire erosion control seeding using agronomic species may not be necessary in these forests.
A mean-value performance analysis of a new multiprocessor architecture
Authors: Leutenegger S. T. , Vernon M. K. 
Published: January 2007

This paper presents a preliminary performance analysis of a new large-scale multiprocessor: the
Wisconsin Multicube
. A key characteristic of the machine is that it is based on shared buses and a snooping cache coherence protocol. The organization of the shared buses and shared memory is unique and non-hierarchical. The two-dimensional version of the architecture is envisioned as scaling to 1024 processors.

We develop an approximate mean-value analysis of bus interference for the proposed cache coherence protocol. The model includes FCFS scheduling at the bus queues with deterministic bus access times, and asynchronous memory write-backs and invalidation requests.
We use our model to investigate the feasibility of the multiprocessor, and to study some initial system design issues. Our results indicate that a 1024-processor system can operate at 75 - 95% of its peak processing power, if the mean time between cache misses is larger than 1000 bus cycles (i.e. 50 microseconds for 20 MHz buses; 25 microseconds for 40 MHz buses). This miss rate is not unreasonable for the cache sizes specified in the design, which are comparable to main memory sizes in existing multiprocessors. We also present results which address the issues of optimal cache block size, optimal size of the two-dimensional Multicube, the effect of broadcast invalidations on system performance, and the viability of several hardware techniques for reducing the latency for remote memory requests.