bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of iron deficiency in acute and chronic heart failure according to different clinical definitions
Authors: Lanser Lukas , Pölzl Gerhard , Messner Moritz , Ungericht Maria , Zaruba Marc‐Michael , Hirsch Jakob , Hechenberger Stefan , Obersteiner Stefan , Koller Bernhard , Haschka David , Ulmer Hanno , Weiss Guenter 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsIron is essential to maintain cellular energy metabolism in the myocardium. Impaired cellular iron availability negatively affects myocardial physiology and can aggravate heart failure (HF). Iron deficiency (ID) is frequently found in patients with acute and chronic HF (AHF, CHF) and associated with clinical outcome. The aim of this analysis was to assess the true ID prevalence in HF patients on the basis of different ID definitions.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 329 AHF and 613 CHF patients, recruited between 02/2021 and 05/2022 at the Innsbruck Medical University (47%/32% female, median age 81/64 years). ID was defined according to a general definition, gastroenterology and cardiology guidelines as ferritin <30 or <45 ng/mL or <100/ng/mL (absolute ID), ferritin 30–100 or 45–150 or 100–299 ng/mL plus TSAT <20% (combined ID), and ferritin >100 or >150 or ≥300 ng/mL plus TSAT <20% (functional ID).ResultsID prevalence was significantly higher in AHF compared with CHF patients: general definition (74.8% vs. 32.6%, P < 0.001), gastroenterology guidelines (75.7% vs. 34.7%, P < 0.001), cardiology guidelines (79.9% vs. 47.3%, P < 0.001). We found distinctive differences in prevalence of ID types between the three definitions. Absolute ID prevalence was highest when applying cardiology compared with gastroenterology guidelines and general definition (AHF: 44.7% vs. 20.4% vs. 7.0%; CHF: 34.1% vs. 13.4% vs. 7.2%), while frequency of combined ID was almost equally distributed. Functional ID prevalence was highest when applying general definition compared with gastroenterology and cardiology guidelines (AHF: 34.7% vs. 23.4% vs. 11.6%; CHF: 13.1% vs. 9.0% vs. 3.4%). Out of 494 patients classified as having absolute or combined ID according to the cardiology guidelines, only 252 patients received the same classification while 107 and 135 patients were classified having no and functional ID when applying the general definition.ConclusionsWe show that ID prevalence is higher in AHF versus CHF patients in a continuous cohort of HF patients managed at the same institution over the same period of time. There were distinctive differences in detection of ID and the type of ID when applying several recommended definitions thus affecting sensitivity and specificity for absolute and functional ID detection. This may result in exclusion of patients, which may benefit from iron supplementation and inclusion of those who may not respond or even anticipate site effects. Our study calls for the urgent need of prospective trials for redefinition of ID and identification of biomarkers associated with therapeutic response to optimize patient outcomes.
A Stable Hexacoordinated Arsenic(V) Dication
Authors: Yasui Tomoki , Chishiro Akane , Sakabe Masato , Sato Soichi , Yumura Takashi , Kanaori Kenji , Naka Kensuke , Imoto Hiroaki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPolycations of main‐group elements have emerged as a significant research focus in recent years. Hypercoordinated dications having heavier pnictogens, such as antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi), as a central atom have been extensively studied due to their large atomic radii. However, limited research has been conducted on the corresponding dications of lighter pnictogens such as phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As). In this study, we synthesized a 2‐(2‐pyridyl)phenyl (ppy)‐ligated arsenic dication ([(ppy)3As][SbCl6]2 and [(ppy)3As]Cl2) as a first example of novel hexacoordinated arsenic‐centered dication species. This arsenic‐centered dication species demonstrates remarkable stability at high temperatures and in hot water. Both experimental and computational analyses indicated that their exceptional stability is primarily due to strong As–N interactions. Notably, the arsenic‐centered dication species exhibits greater stability than their antimony counterparts.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Aziridines: A Perspective View from Pharmaceutical Industries
Authors: Ju Xuan , Lee Miseon , Leung Joyce C. , Lee Jaehee 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAziridine is the smallest nitrogen‐containing heterocycle. It is not only an important synthetic target but also a useful building block for constructing nitrogen‐containing biologically active molecules. Due to the unique properties and reactivity of aziridine, interest in its applications in synthetic organic chemistry and pharmaceutical industry has grown rapidly in recent years. This review highlights the significance of aziridines as end products and/or precursors of medicinally relevant molecules, scope and synthetic applications of aziridines in pharmaceutical industry in recent decades.
Catalytic Reactions of Alkynyl Sulfides: Versatile Tools in Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Lu Wenkui , Yuan Yao , Jia Rong , Zhu Gangguo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlkynyl sulfides, a significant class of heteroatom‐substituted alkynes, have garnered considerable attention within the synthetic community because of their distinctive characteristics, such as the enhanced reactivity, precise selectivity control, and facile derivatization via C−S bond couplings. Their transformations can provide a direct access to functionalized organosulfur and even sulfur‐free compounds in a highly regio‐ and stereoselective manner, which is very attractive for many fields, including organic synthesis, material science, medicinal chemistry, and life science. This review summarizes the recent progresses on catalytic reactions of alkynyl sulfides, such as the transition‐metal‐catalyzed controllable functionalizations, including hydro‐, hetero‐, and carbofunctionalizations, electrophilic additions, radical addition‐initiated functionalizations, and formal [2+n] cycloadditions, in which the reaction mechanism, selectivity control, scope and limitations are discussed in detail. Given the rapidly increasing interests and applications of sulfur‐containing compounds in both chemistry and life science, it can be anticipated that this review will be valuable for synthetic chemists and may contribute further development of the alkynyl sulfide chemistry.
Catalytic Asymmetric Azidative Functionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Zhong Fuming , Zhao Xiaodan , Liao Lihao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAliphatic azides are an important class of nitrogen‐containing compounds found in numerous biologically active molecules. Besides, they also serve as useful building blocks owning to their remarkable reactivities. Catalytic azidation of alkenes is an efficient way to produce aliphatic azides. In this respect, azidated chiral molecules can be formed if a chiral catalyst is used. The last quarter of century has witnessed a burgeoning of new methods for catalytic enantioselective azidative functionalization of alkenes to yield chiral alkyl azides. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the asymmetric azidation of alkenes systematically, from the view of reaction models (conjugate addition, π activation, reductive elimination, and radical addition and atom transfer) combining the roles that azido sources play (nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radical). This review will be useful to the fields of azide chemistry and asymmetric alkene functionalization.
Recent Advances in the α‐Hydrazination (α‐Amination) of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Scarpi Dina , Visi Samuele , Occhiato Ernesto G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe electrophilic α‐hydrazination (generally referred to as α‐amination) of carbonyl compounds with dialkyl azodicarboxylates is a powerful approach for the preparation of synthetically useful intermediates such as α‐amino aldehydes and ketones, α‐amino acids, and β‐amino alcohols. Many methods for the enantioselective α‐hydrazination have been published in the past and many new approaches have been disclosed in the last decade that deal with previously unresolved issues such as the direct enantioselective α‐hydrazination of α‐branched ketones. The enantioselective α‐hydrazination is the field where most significant advances have been attained thanks to new approaches, catalysts and techniques. With this review we intend to cover the literature that appeared between 2015 and 2024. We will classify the various methods according to the strategies for the enantioselective formation of the new C−N bond, mainly based on the formation of chiral enamines, enols and enolates. Miscellaneous methods are grouped at the end of the review. Where relevant, the application of α‐hydrazino carbonyl compounds to the synthesis of target molecules will also be illustrated.
Stability Analysis of Real‐Time Hybrid Simulation with an Inerter‐Type Experimental Substructure
Authors: Tao Junjie , Mercan Oya , Duan Yuanfeng , Xing Guohua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough integrating inerters with conventional passive vibration control systems has shown enhanced performance in various studies, experimental investigations remain limited. Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) models the well‐understood portion of a structure as the numerical substructure (NS) while physically testing the structural component of interest as the experimental substructure (ES). Testing the inerter as the ES in RTHS is considered cost‐effective and less facility demanding. However, RTHS experiences time delay induced by actuator dynamics, risking instability if not managed effectively. Consequently, stability analysis is crucial for the successful implementation of RTHS. Previous studies primarily focused on RTHS stability, including a stiffness‐type ES. The RTHS stability with an inerter‐type ES, characterized by a large mass ratio relative to the NS, remains underexplored. To address this gap, this study analyzes the RTHS stability, including an inerter‐type ES, implemented through various direct integration algorithms. Augmented state‐space equations are employed to solve the roots of the discrete RTHS system considering different values of time delay. Virtual RTHSs are performed to validate the analytical investigation. The time delay is found to increase the order of the discrete RTHS system, yielding more spurious roots. Moreover, the time delay in RTHS with a stiffness‐type ES primarily increases the magnitude of principal roots, whereas in RTHS with an inerter‐type ES, it mainly amplifies the magnitude of spurious roots, potentially inducing instability. Both analytical and simulation results show that the spurious root‐induced instability can be effectively mitigated by numerical damping.
Coconut Flour as a Novel Functional Ingredient in Tilapia Fish Sausage: Effect on Textural and Sensory Properties
Authors: James Rose Mary , Krishnamoorthy Elavarasan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCoconut meat residue, a byproduct of coconut milk industry, was converted into coconut flour (CFs) and used in developing functional tilapia fish sausage. The CFs were prepared by four different drying methods namely sun drying, freeze drying, oven drying, and vacuum drying accordingly designated as SDF, FDF, ODF, and VDF, respectively. The CFs were characterized for proximate composition, functional, and sensory properties. Further, based on the sensory acceptability, ODF was incorporated in tilapia fish sausage and compared with commercial‐CF and corn flour. Commercial‐CF, ODF and corn flour tilapia sausages had the protein content of 21.33%, 11.94%, and 12.66%, respectively. The corn flour‐added sausage had significantly higher (p < 0.05) value for textural properties except adhesiveness compared to coconut flour‐added sausages while the commercial CF‐added sausages had significantly higher (p < 0.05) sensory acceptability (8.35 liked very much—liked extremely). From the study, it is concluded that the inclusion of commercial coconut flour in fish sausage enriched the protein content (more than 50%; d.b.) while adding the functional ingredient such as dietary fiber without affecting the textural properties.
UHPLC‐HRMS/MS–Based Metabolic Profiling and Quantification of Phytochemicals in Different Parts of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt
Authors: Lee In Young , Lee Doo‐Hee , Park Ju Hong , Joo Nami 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCoccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (C. grandis), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is recognized for its phytochemicals that possess antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, along with a wide array of nutritional and health‐promoting benefits. However, a comprehensive investigation of the phytochemical profiles and biologically active constituents in different parts of C. grandis has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of three distinct parts of C. grandis (fruit, leaves, and stem) at the same growth stage. The phytochemicals in C. grandis were identified using UHPLC‐HRMS–based untargeted metabolomics, followed by a quantitative analysis of the primary metabolites. The qualitative analysis revealed 60 secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds (6 hydroxybenzoic acids, 22 hydroxycinnamic acids, 2 coumarins, 1 flavanone, 1 flavanonol, 2 flavones, 22 flavonols, and 2 lignans) and triterpenes (2 cucurbitacins). Furthermore, nine plant hormones and 30 amino acids were successfully identified. The quantitative analysis of 32 types of secondary metabolites indicated that the leaves contained the highest total amounts of flavonoids (501.37 mg/100 g) and hydroxycinnamic acids (1148.23 mg/100 g). Additionally, the analysis of amino acids revealed a total of 20 types, with the leaf extract exhibiting the highest total amounts of both essential and nonessential amino acids, followed by the fruit and stem extracts. In conclusion, the analysis of the primary and secondary metabolite composition and content of various parts of C. grandis demonstrated that the leaf extract replace with had the greatest functionality, suggesting its potential utility in the development of health functional foods.
The Interaction Between Accessions and Fruit Maturity Stages in Mimusops zeyheri and Its Impact on Postharvest Quality and Nutritional Composition
Authors: Teffo Kamogelo P. , Mpai Semakaleng , Ndhlala Ashwell R. , Mashela Phatu W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMimusops zeyheri Sond is an undervalued indigenous fruit tree with fruits that are consumed as a health snack in rural communities aross Sub‐Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the interaction effect of five accessions of M. zeyheri and four fruit maturity stages on some quality and nutritional compositions. Fruits of five M. zeyheri accessions were grouped into four maturity stages for analysis of fruit size, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, proximate analysis, and amino acids. Accession 6E consistently had the highest size (27.62 mm), while accession 3L (6.40 kg) had the highest fruit firmness. Accession M7 displayed the highest TA (3.20%) at dark green unripe stage (T1). Highest moisture content and protein percentage were recorded in accession HY at T1. This changes were in concomitant to an increase in moisture content and a decrease in ash and protein content. Accessions M7 at T1 to T4 maturity stage exhibited the highest essential amino acids including histidine and threonine, as well as Ca, Mg, and Na. Accessions 3E and 6E at T2 and T3 maturity stage exhibited the highest P, Fe, Zn, and Mn. These findings highlight the variability of physicochemical and nutritional compositions among different M. zeyheri accessions at varying stages of fruit maturity.
Screening and Antioxidant Activities Evaluation of Peptides From Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino)
Authors: Wu Jingna , Wang Xiaoya , Qiao Kun , Pan Nan , Chen Xiaoting , Liu Zhiyu , Chen Yuanxin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMarine organisms are rich in antioxidant peptides; however, extracting these peptides is time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and costly, with sequence losses leading to uncertain results. This study aimed to identify abalone‐derived antioxidant peptides with strong Keap1 binding ability and validate their antioxidative activities using a cellular oxidative damage model. We constructed an abalone‐derived peptide library comprising 363 peptides using virtual enzymatic hydrolysis techniques. Of the 98 human Keap1 protein structures available in the protein data bank database, 2FLU was selected as the receptor. Using the CDOCKER module in Discovery Studio software, molecular docking was performed with the peptide library as ligands and 2FLU as the receptor, targeting the binding site at coordinates x: 5.000222, y: 7.103889 and z: 5.058000. Ten abalone‐derived peptides with the strongest inhibition against Keap1–Nrf2 interaction were identified. A 2,2′‐azobis (2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)‐induced oxidative damage model in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was used to verify the molecular docking results and identified DEDEDEDK as the most active antioxidant peptide. DEDEDEDK interferes with Keap1–Nrf2 binding, significantly reducing reactive oxygen species levels in damaged cells, increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and elevated glutathione content, indicating its potential to mitigate AAPH‐induced oxidative damage in HUVECs.
Textile‐based Low‐frequency RC Filter for Noise Reduction in ECG signals
Authors: Al‐azzawi Nada , Yunculer Irem , Ozlem Kadir , Cetin Munire Sibel , Atalay Asli Tuncay , Atalay Ozgur , Ince Gökhan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAdvancements in electronic textiles over the past decade have significantly transformed the field of wearable technology, with recent developments leading to the production of a wide array of textile‐based sensing and actuation systems. Beyond sensors and actuators, textile‐based technologies can benefit from the integration of additional electronic solutions within the framework of textilization. One such solution is filtering, which has primarily been explored in the context of high‐frequency applications in e‐textiles. In contrast, low‐frequency filtering has received limited attention in the literature. This study investigates the design and fabrication of low‐frequency textile‐based Resistor–Capacitor (RC) filters, emphasizing their potential for wearability. Various materials and geometric configurations are explored for the resistive and capacitive components of the filter, evaluating their performance in terms of frequency response. Additionally, these filters are integrated with textile‐based electrodes and assess their filtering efficacy at a cutoff frequency of approximately 100 Hz within the context of an electrocardiogram (ECG) application during both static and dynamic activities. The results demonstrate that textile‐based filters can serve as viable alternatives to conventional electronic filters, exhibiting comparable performance in noise suppression, as evidenced by signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) improvements of 25 dB during static activities and 11 dB during dynamic activities.
Stress Distribution Characteristics Near Small Coal Faults and Prediction of Coal and Gas Outburst Risk
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Jiabin , Chen Xiangjun , Guo Hanxiao , Feng Shuailong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aims to accurately predict the risk of coal and gas outbursts in coal seams located near small faults. Models of small‐scale normal faults in the Changping mine field were constructed using the FLAC3D software, with fault dip angles of 65° and 70°, and drops of 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 m. The objective was to analyze the effects of fault drop and dip angle on stress distribution near the faults and to predict the related outburst risks. The results indicate that in the hanging wall of the fault, the peak stress correlates with the fault drop through a linear function, whereas the range of influence is described by a quadratic function. As the fault drop increases, the impact range and stress peak also increase. The position of the stress peak gradually shifts away from the section, whereas the stress concentration area widens. Furthermore, the protruding danger zone expands and similarly moves farther from the section. When the fault drop is constant, the impact range of the 65° dip fault is smaller; however, the stress peak and the stress concentration zone in the nearby coal seam are larger and closer to the fault surface. Additionally, the highlighted danger zone is also larger and nearer to the fault surface. On the basis of the measured fundamental parameters of coal seam gas in the region, within a distance of 6 m from the fault surface (Zone I), there is a significant influence from the fault, resulting in a higher risk of outburst in this area. In the range of 6–15 m from the fault surface (Zone II), the gas content continues to increase, leading to an overall heightened risk of outburst.
Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Maternal Exposure to Passive Smoking and Environmental Factors: A Case‐Control Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md. Shahid , Kabir Mohammad Alamgir , Tareq Shafi M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsPre and postnatal environmental exposures can influence gene expression and significantly contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Bangladesh, recognized as the world's most polluted country, faces a dearth of comprehensive studies focusing on environmental factors associated with ASD. In this observational case‐control study, an exploration was conducted into the relationships between ASD risk and exposure to maternal passive smoking and environmental factors within Bangladesh.MethodsTwenty‐four out of 103 “Protibandhi Sheba O Shahajjo Kendro” (PSOSK, the disability support and service centers) were selected using a simple random sampling method, ensuring a representative distribution across each division of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used about exposure to maternal passive smoking and related environmental factors. The questionnaire was filled out by face‐to‐face interviews with parents of 310 ASD individuals and 310 healthy controls from January 2020 to June 2021. IBM SPSS version 23 was used for uni‐variate, bi‐variate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The significance level was p ≤ 0.05, and the odds ratio (OR) was within 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to determine whether the variable is a risk.ResultsExposure to maternal passive smoke, living within a mile of a highway, and using household mosquito aerosol (repellents) during pregnancy and early childhood were all significantly linked to an increased risk of ASD (n = 310 each) in this study. Conversely, maternal residence in an urban and brick kiln within one mile of their residence during pregnancy to 3 years postnatal life was significantly associated with a decrease in the adjusted odds of ASD in offspring.ConclusionExposure to maternal passive smoke and household aerosols, along with proximity to highways within one mile during pregnancy and early childhood, increased the odds of ASD. Further research is imperative to overcome the inconsistency and to observe and generalize the association.