bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental care for the cancer patient
Authors: Carl William , Schaaf Norman G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the dental treatment and maintenance of cancer patients the dentist is often confronted with particularly and peculiarly accented situations which require knowledge of disease and therapy‐related problems. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and basic disease may present a constellation of conditions which require for their control the efforts of the entire health profession team. Dental care of the irradiated head and neck cancer patient requires close follow‐up and meticulous oral hygiene. There are definite indications for preirradiation extractions, basic rules for maintenance during and after irradiation, and certain precepts for post‐irradiation extractions. Chemotherapy has introduced new considerations in the dental treatment of cancer patients. As most anti‐tumor drugs cause thrombocytopenia, this effect on hemostasis is of great concern when contemplating oral surgery. During the acute phase of hematologic disorders dental maintenance must be limited to atraumatic procedures to control periodontal and pulp involvement. Good oral hygiene plays an important part in the dental maintenance of all patients. Dentists must take an active part in the therapy and rehabilitation of cancer patients.
Management of cancer of the maxillary sinus
Authors: Sako Kumao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCancer of the maxillary sinus is a relative rare malignancy. It occurs most frequently in the 50 to 70 year age group and is more frequent in males. Histologically, the majority of the tumors are of the squamous cell type. Diagnosis is rarely, if ever, made when it is still limited to the antral cavity. Cervical node metastases are found infrequently at the time of diagnosis.The most widely accepted treatment at the present time is radical surgery as the primary mode of therapy alone or in combination with radiation therapy.Five year survival figures are in the 20 to 30% range, indicating improvement, but yet falling considerably below the survival figures for cancer of other sites in the head and neck region.
Carcinoma of the oral cavity–general principles of therapy
Authors: Marchetta Frank C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOver 90% of malignant tumors of the head and neck are squamous cell cancers. These originate in the epithelium of the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts. Some thirty or more primary sites are recognized. Though there are specific therapeutic problems relative to each of these sites, there are general principles which apply to many.I have attempted to present a general outline of therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. It is hoped that this will help the physician who is not intimately involved with the details of therapy to understand why some patients with malignancy are treated one way while others are directed along other avenues of therapy.
The epidemiologic pathology of carcinomas of the large bowel
Authors: Berg John W. , Godwin J. David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom the End Results Group file over 60,000 cases of histologically confirmed bowel cancers were analyzed by histologic type. Adenocarcinomas were the standard against which cancers with other diagnoses were compared. Colloid carcinomas occurred relatively frequently in blacks and in young persons, especially young men. In the left colon they had a worse prognosis than other cancers. Papillary carcinomas had a better than average prognosis while polypoid carcinomas had the best prognosis of any type of carcinoma. Adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinomas in the rectum closely resembled anal cancers; elsewhere in the bowel they behaved like aggressive adenocarcinomas. Malignant carcinoids of the appendix resembled benign carcinoids of that organ; elsewhere they were quite aggressive. Rectal carcinoids were unusually common in blacks. Grade appeared to be an independent prognostic parameter, although low grade of malignancy also implied an early stage. The differences in behavior by histology point up the importance of specificity of histologic diagnosis of cancers of the bowel. Comparisons of these observations with some other series are drawn, and the advantages and difficulties of this kind of analysis are discussed.
Relationship of virulent and attenuated rna oncogenic virus antigens to surface antigens of the virus‐transformed cell: Implications for the reverse transcriptase system, the provirus, protovirus and oncogene theories of neoplasia, and the lmmunoprophylaxis of RNA virus‐induced tumors
Authors: Cohen Max H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunization with Rauscher leukemia virus resulted in high antibody levels against the virustransformed malignant cell. As expected, antibody to malignant cells followed immunization with standard virus preparations highly contaminated with cell membranes. Surprisingly, good antibody levels to malignant cells also followed immunization with highly purified virus, electron microscopically free of cell membranes. The antibody response to malignant cells paralleled the antibody response to the virus, under a variety of conditions.Immunization of mice with formalin‐inactivated virus preparations, contaminated with cell membranes, resulted in protection of the mice against subsequent challenge with malignant cells. In addition, good immunity to malignant cells followed immunization with live, attenuated Rauscher virus, which was harvested from nonmalignant cells. This attenuated virus produced no malignancy after inoculation and presumably contains only viral antigens, and no malignant cell antigens.These studies strengthen the evidence that Rauscher virus is the “tumor specific transplantation antigen” on the surface of the Rauscher malignant cell. Rauscher virus is presumably integrated into the cell surface membranes which are, therefore, likely sites for transmission of cell enzymes and other proteins into the virus particle. This transfer of material from cell surface to virus particle may explain the Increasing number of enzymes, including “reverse transcriptases,” which have been isolated from RNA tumor viruses. Some such mechanism must be invoked because these viruses do not have sufficient nucleic acid to code for all the “virus‐associated” enzymes.
Prognostic indicators of esophageal speech
Authors: Dabul Barbara , Lovestedt Lucille 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInvestigation was made of personal characteristics correlated with effective esophageal speech. A test battery and questionnaire were administered to 30 laryngectomees. Ss were dichotomized into “good” and “poor” speakers by judgments of taped speech samples. The performances of these two groups on the tests were compared by application of t tests. Mean scores of the two groups were statistically different on three measures: SRA Nonverbal Test, Space Visualization Test, and Lip Movement Test (diadochokinetic rate). A Predictive Test Battery was recommended for use in therapy, based on these findings.
The effect of estradiol and progesterone on various gynecological tissues in culture
Authors: Mills J. , Bishun N. , Raven R. , Williams D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a simple standardized tissue culture technique, the effect of estradiol and progesterone on cell growth of various gynecological tissues in culture was assessed. The assessment was carried out in order to establish a semiquantitative method for predicting the hormone responsiveness of these tissues. Estradiol showed positive responses (stimulated growth) in the majority of endometrial and curretting explants, but had no effect on the malignant tumors. Progesterone stimulated the majority of endometrial explants, some of the currettings, and only a few of the tumor explants. These results agree with published data obtained by utilizing other methods for assessment of cell growth.
Healing of lined and unlined parasitic and nonparasitic flaps
Authors: Whitaker Linton A. , Graham William P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe importance of lining and maintaining a continuing in‐continuity blood supply has been emphasized for optimum healing and decreasing the amount of contracture following full‐thickness cheek resection. An experimental model has been designed to test this hypothesis. Twelve squirrel monkeys were used with carefully measured forehead flaps cut and placed into cheek defects of the same size. The flaps and defects were tattooed and cut as squares 1.5 cm on each side. In six, a full‐thickness cheek defect was created leaving the forehead flap unlined when placed in the defect. In the remaining six a mucosal surface was retained leaving a lined flap following setting it into the cheek defect. At 3 weeks, three of the lined and three unlined flaps were divided creating parasitic flaps. Three lined and three unlined flaps were not divided, remaining as nonparasitic flaps. Healing characteristics were observed and measurements of total perimeter, external surface area, and tracings of the flaps were made at 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months. Results in the models utilized do not verify any difference in the quality of healing or amount of contracture.
Pseudomalignant disorders: A review
Authors: Marcus Peter B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCertain benign disorders are easily misinterpreted on histological examination as being malignant and thus often present quite a taxing challenge to the surgical pathologist. Such entities are being recognized and described with increasing frequency and more reliable histologic diagnostic criteria are being formulated in many instances. The purpose of this review is to list the most outstanding and especially the more recently discovered examples of these states and to draw attention to features of known diagnostic value. A list of selected references is provided.
Retinoblastoma: An epidemiological study (survey and review)
Authors: Pawlak Barbara R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn epidemiological study of retinoblastoma patients from Buffalo, New York, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was conducted at Roswell Park Memorial Institute in 1974. Several important differences were uncovered as a result of this study. Patients in Buffalo with bilateral retinoblastoma were diagnosed most often within the first year of life and those with unilateral retinoblastoma after about 24 months of age. This difference in diagnostic age between the two forms of retinoblastoma is not demonstrated by the patients from Rio de Janeiro. Most of the Rio de Janeiro patients are 24 months or older before either type of retinoblastoma is diagnosed. By this time the disease has usually extended beyond the eyeball, and orbital exenteration is deemed necessary. Because the patients in Rio de Janeiro are diagnosed at an older age, these patients have a shorter length of survival and higher mortality as compared to the patients in Buffalo. Additional differences that were derived from this study will require further research for verification.
Restoration of immunocompetency by lymphocyte transfusion
Authors: Roth Jack A. , Silverstein Melvin J. , Gupta Rishab K. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA female patient with metastatic osteosarcoma was given a lymphocyte transfusion from her brother, cured of the same histologic type of tumor ten years earlier. Prior to the transfusion the patient was anergic. Following lymphocyte transfer cutaneous reactivity to DNCB was restored. Skin reactivity to mumps and varidase antigens was specifically transferred. Whole lymphocyte transfer is a feasible method for restoring immune competence in the anergic cancer patient.
The effect of intact and lysed leukocytes on murine tumor growth and host survival
Authors: Greco Ralph S. , Storer Edward H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe inhibitory effect of sensitized lymph‐node cells on transplanted tumor growth in the mouse is well documented. The efficacy of peripheral lymphocytes is disputed. Lysed lymphocyte extracts (“transfer factor”), although effective in transferring several types of delayed hypersensitivity in man, have had equivocal results in animals, particularly in tumor immunity.Fifty 129SV mice were sensitized over 1 month with multiple injections of a transplantable tumor that had arisen in the strain as a spontaneous testicular teratoma. These lymphocyte donor mice were sacrificed and lymphocytes pooled. Half of the lymphocytes were given intact to the 25 mice of experimental group A. Remaining lymphocytes were lysed and given to the 25 mice of group B. The control group C of 25 mice received intact lymphocytes from unsensitized donors. All mice were then challenged with 106 tumor cells subcutaneously.Two weeks after challenge no animals in the treated groups (A and B) had palpable tumors, whereas 32% in the control group C had palpable tumors. After 3 weeks 25% of group A, 42% of group B, and 63% of group C had tumors. Tumors ultimately grew in 60% of group A, 76% of group B, and 88% of group C.The effect of treatment on rate of tumor growth after appearance was variable, showing inhibition in some and enhancement in others. The ability of intact, sensitized lymphocytes and lymphocyte extracts to confer relative tumor immunity was demonstrated.
Simultaneous determination of plasma and urinary carcinoembryonic antigen levels
Authors: Karakousis C. P. , Holyoke E. D. , Chu T. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of simultaneous plasma and urinary CEA levels in 14 patients are described. The aim was to determine whether urinary CEA derived from plasma or arose independently in the urinary tract. The method of reductio ad absurdum is followed. It is assumed that CEA in the urine is derived from plasma, and CEA clearance values for each patient are calculated. These varied widely from zero to a theoretical infinity. On this basis and from previous experimental evidence, it is concluded that urine is independent of plasma CEA. The finding, however, in some individuals of “anti‐CEA” ‐like factor(s) distorting urinary CEA determinations makes for some reservations about the safety of the conclusion. It is, however, certain that with the presently available technology, present urinary and plasma CEA values cannot be correlated.
Immunological status as a criterion for operability of genitourinary cancers
Authors: Allison Ronald C. , Leadbetter Guy W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDelayed hypersensitivity reaction of 116 consecutive cases of urologic cancers were studied by skin tests. Ninety‐one percent of those who were operable or free of diseases at least six months had positive skin reaction. All patients with inoperable or recurrent bladder, kidney, or testis tumor had negative skin reaction. All patients with operable prostatic cancer and 52% of those with inoperable prostatic cancer had positive skin reaction. Skin testing could provide useful data regarding the extent of tumor and Operability. It is proposed that skin testing be included in routine preoperative evaluation of uroiogic cancers.
Secretion analysis: Secretin testing in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Dreiling David A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractModern testing of pancreatic funtion and the diagnosis of pancreatic disease is facilitated by the addition of augmented stimulus to the standard stimulus used in secretin testing. The combined standard‐augmented secretin test protocol enables not only diagnosis using the classical patterns of secretion (qualitative and quantitative defects), but also permits delineation of secretory capacity. In the abnormal patient, the augmented test increases the defect in the characteristic diagnostic parameter. Thus, there is fixation of flow in pancreatic cancer and fixation of bicarbonate in pancreatic inflammation.
Chemical carcinogenesis and the pancreas
Authors: Bates Richard R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough carcinoma of the pancreas is an increasingly prevalent form of human cancer, there has been relatively little experimental work on the etiology of this tumor until recently, probably because of the lack of adequate experimental models. However, at least two good experimental systems are now available. Several epidemiologic investigations suggest that chemical carcinogens may induce cancer of the pancreas in humans. If this is so, chemicals must reach the pancreas either through the blood supply or by reflux into the pancreatic duct from bile or duodenal contents. The route of exposure may vary according to the chemical and physical characteristics of different chemical carcinogens. Additional work is needed to determine the ability of different classes of chemicals to reach the pancreatic duct by these routes and the presence of enzymes required for activation of carcinogens in the pancreas. Levels of such enzymes as well as the response of cells of the pancreatic duct to carcinogens may be affected by the physiologic state of the pancreas or pathologic conditions within it. Research is needed to investigate these possibilities.
Carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas: Pathologic aspects
Authors: Kissane John M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis discussion is based upon 205 autopsied cases of carcinoma of the pancreas. Sixty‐six percent were male, eighty percent white, mean age 61.5 years. Fifty‐three percent of tumors occurred in the head of the pancreas. Most lesions were moderately well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas. Pathologic aspects of carcinoma of the pancreas are discussed.
The relationship of histology to the spread of cancer
Authors: Viadana Enrico , Bross Irwin D. J. , Pickren John W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper investigates the question of whether different types of histology at the same site can affect the spread of metastases—that is, producing a greater or fewer number of metastases depending on the histological diagnosis. Autopsy records were the source of the data analyzed in this paper.The metastases were subdivided into four categories—central nervous metastases, endocrine metastases, metastases at various lymphatic areas, and a miscellaneous group of metastases called the “remainder” group.It was found that adenocarcinoma and oat‐cell carcinoma of the lungs are more aggressive in their metastatic spread than squamous cell carcinoma at the same site. Adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri had more widespread metastases than squamous cell carcinoma at the same site. No difference at all was detectable in the number of metastases, in men or in women, between transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the bladder and kidney. Cystadenocarcinoma of the ovaries appeared to be less widespread than adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) of the same site.
Adenocarcinoma of the lung: Clinicopathological study
Authors: Marabella Patrick , Takita Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA review of our 247 patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung revealed the overall five year survival rate to be only 0.81%.Lung resection offers the chance of cure if the lesion is peripherally located and without lymph node involvement. Direct chest wall invasion by tumor is not contraindication to surgery. Radiation therapy was not especially effective in our series. Several chemotherapeutic agents gave an overall response of 31.1%.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremities and trunk: Analysis of 150 patients treated by surgical resection
Authors: Ariel Irving M. , Briceno Melchor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report details the clinical experience of 150 patients with rhabdomyosarcomas treated by one group of surgeons. Of the 150 patients, 103 suffered from pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas, 40 patients had embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and 7 had alveolar cell type of rhabdomyosarcoma. The males suffered almost twice as much as the females from this form of cancer (96 males to 54 females).The fifth decade had the highest incidence of all rhabdomyosarcomas. The younger patients generally suffered from embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas and the older ones from pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas, although age was no barrier to the occurrence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas in some of the older patients and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas in some of the younger patients. Caucasians were almost exclusively afflicted by this form of cancer (93% of this series).The lower extremity was the most frequent site of the lesion, occurring in 50.7% of the 150 cases. The upper extremity was the second most frequently involved site (28%), and the trunk was the least involved site (21.3%).Of the 150 patients studied, 40 were considered indeterminate. Thirteen patients are alive and free of cancer, but were treated less than 5 years ago; 12 patients reported for consultation only. There were 13 who were free of sarcomas at periods in excess of 2 years but were lost to follow‐up. Two patients in this series died before the 5‐year period, and autopsy revealed the death to be due to causes other than the rhabdomyosarcoma. Of the 110 determinate patients, 75 (68%) died as a result of the cancer. The 5‐year survival rate equals 32%. The fact of the 30% 5‐year survival after treatment for recurrences should help dismiss the pessimism which prevails once a recurrence is noted subsequent to major therapy.Age per se had no great effect on prognosis. The poorest results occurred in the 11–20 age range, with a 5‐year survival of 15%. This value reflects on increased incidence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas which tend to be more malignant and metastasize earlier than do the pleomorphic type.The effect of location upon survival revealed that of 76 patients with involvement of the lower extremity, 34% survived 5 years or longer, and those with sarcomas of the trunk had the poorest survival (26%). The fact that the trunk, by virtue of its anatomy, limits the degree of surgery that can be performed, probably helps to explain this difference.The role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy awaits elucidation. Reports of combined surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are encouraging.
A clinical trial of CCNU (1‐(2 chloroethyl)‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosourea) (NSC 79037) in advanced ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Sasaki Truman M. , McConnell Donald B. , Moseley H. Stephens , Merhoff G. Craig , Fletcher William S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCCNU is a useful drug in treating advanced ovarian carcinoma. Of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma 37% responded favorably to CCNU. Thrombocytopenia was the primary toxic reaction. Clinical trials are in progress to compare the relative effectiveness, the degree of cross‐resistance, and the difference in toxicity between CCNU and alkylating agents.
The accuracy of liver scanning in the detection of metastatic disease
Authors: Kilgore Eugene S. , Calabretta Arthur M. , Weidner William A. , Graham William P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIsotopic scanning of the liver to detect hepatic metastases is a commonly used clinical tool in assessing the extent of malignant disease and the proper mode of therapy. Opinions vary widely as to the efficacy of this test.To determine the accuracy of our scanning technique the clinical and laboratory data on 429 patients who had hepatic scans (technetium sulfur colloid) between February 1971 and May 1973 was reviewed. Of these patients, 125 had a confirmatory procedure (needle biopsy — 15, abdominal exploration — 69, autopsy — 41) done within 6 weeks of their scan. Nineteen patients who had negative scans were proven to have hepatic metastases. Fourteen patients had positive scans which could not be substantiated by one or more of the above confirming examinations. Thus the frequency of error was 25%.Regarding other tests — alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin — no better correlation could be made with respect to the presence or absence of metastases.From the data available on this small group of patients the liver scan is sufficiently inaccurate to preclude relying upon it for the selection of therapy in cancer patients. When the presence of hepatic metastases changes the type of therapy a confirmatory laparotomy or biopsy should be considered.