bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of SU-8 polymer micro/nanoscale nozzle by hot embossing method
Authors: Guo Ran , Yan Gaige , Niu Weilong , Li Xuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic-jet printing (E-jet printing) is a direct-writing technology for manufacturing micro-nano devices. To further reduce the inner diameter of the nozzle to improve the printing resolution, a large-scale manufacturing method of SU-8 polymer micro/nanoscale nozzle by means of a process combining UV exposure and hot embossing was proposed. To improve the adhesive strength between the UV mask and SU-8, the influence of the oxygen plasma treatment parameters on the water contact angles of the UV mask was analyzed. The effect of hot embossing time and temperature on the replication precision was studied. The influence of UV exposure parameters and thermal bonding parameters on the micro and nanochannel pattern was investigated. The SU-8 polymer nozzles with 188 ± 3 nm wide and 104 ± 2 nm deep nanochannels were successfully fabricated, and the replication precision can reach to 98.5%. The proposed manufacturing method of SU-8 polymer nozzles in this study will significantly advance the research on the transport properties of nanoscale channels in E-jet nozzles and facilitate further advancements in E-jet based applications.
Ionic liquid modified PVDF/BCZT nanocomposites for space charge induced mechanical energy harvesting performance
Authors: Maiti Payel , Sasmal Abhishek , Arockiarajan A , Mitra Rahul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mechanical energy harvesting performances of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based composites are most often correlated with their polar phase and the individual piezoelectricity of the used filler materials. Here we show that the significant enhancement of space charge polarization of the said composites can play the key dominant role in determining their mechanical energy harvesting performance regardless of their polar phase and individual piezoelectricity of the used fillers. For this purpose, ionic liquid has been incorporated into PVDF/0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–0.5Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3 (BCZT) composites which led to a huge enhancement in space charge polarization. The gradual addition of ionic liquid into 10 wt% BCZT loaded PVDF (PBCZT) has helped in extraordinarily enhancing the conductivity gradually which has confirmed the huge enhancement of space charge polarization. However, after a certain limit of ionic liquid addition, the polar phase of the composite films is decreased. Despite this, the output voltages from the piezoelectric and piezo-tribo hybrid nanogenerators (PENGs and HNGs, respectively) fabricated by using the developed films have been found to be increased gradually with the increase in the ionic liquid amount in PBCZT composite. As the amount of BCZT filler was kept fixed for all the films, this result has confirmed the key role of space charge polarization of PVDF-based composites in determining their mechanical energy harvesting performances compared to the effect of polar phase and individual piezoelectricity of filler. The optimized PENG and HNG devices have shown the output voltage as high as 52 and 167 V, respectively, with power densities ∼85 and 152 μW cm−2 which predicted their excellent usability in real life energy conversion devices. This work also shows that the effect of extraordinarily enhanced space charge polarization is effective in improving the performance of all types of mechanical energy harvesting devices regardless of their mechanisms (piezoelectric or hybrid).
Phase transitions in the fractional three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Boutros Daniel W , Gibbon John D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fractional Navier–Stokes equations on a periodic domain

[
0
,
L

]

3

differ from their conventional counterpart by the replacement of the

−
ν
Δ

u

Laplacian term by

ν

s

A

s

u

, where

A
=
−
Δ

is the Stokes operator and

ν

s

=
ν

L

2
(
s
−
1
)

is the viscosity parameter. Four critical values of the exponent

s
⩾
0

have been identified where functional properties of solutions of the fractional Navier–Stokes equations change. These values are:

s
=

1
3

;

s
=

3
4

;

s
=

5
6

and

s
=

5
4

. In particular: (i) for

s
>

1
3

we prove an analogue of one of the Prodi–Serrin regularity criteria; (ii) for

s
⩾

3
4

we find an equation of local energy balance and; (iii) for

s
>

5
6

we find an infinite hierarchy of weak solution time averages. The existence of our analogue of the Prodi–Serrin criterion for

s
>

1
3

suggests the sharpness of the construction using convex integration of Hölder continuous solutions with epochs of regularity in the range

0
<
s
<

1
3

.
Simultaneous enhancements on emissions from quantum dot and quantum well by Ag nanoparticles for color conversion
Authors: Deng C H , Chen Z Z , Chen Y F , Sun Q , Nie J X , Pan Z J , Zhang H D , Dong B Y , Chen Y A , Wang D Q , Li Y C , Chen W H , Kang X N , Wang Q , Zhang G Y , Shen B , Wang H J , Wang F , Wang W , Li Z X 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have been paid much attention on the color conversion for light-emitting diode (LED) in micro-display recently. However, it is hard to achieve high color conversion efficiency in a thin QD layer. In this paper, we fabricated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with radii ranging mostly from 25 to 35 nm on a blue LED with a peak wavelength of 450 nm, then spin-coated QDs with a peak wavelength of 565 nm. Scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence (PL), and time-resolved PL measurements were performed. The PL emissions from quantum wells (QWs) of blue LED and QDs were enhanced by 10% and 32%, respectively, when the Ag NPs were included. The PL lifetimes of QWs and QDs were reduced by 10 and 6 times, respectively, compared to their initial states. Finite difference time domain software and the perturbation method were used to simulate the PL measurements and variable separation. It was concluded that the coupling of QDs and QWs with localized surface plasmon improves the external quantum efficiency and enhances the spontaneous emission rate in both QWs and QDs. This paper provides a new idea for designing high-efficiency color conversion micro-LED.
Extended exceptional points in projected non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Wang Xiao-Ran , Yang Fei , Tong Xian-Qi , Yu Xiao-Jie , Cao Kui , Kou Su-Peng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Exceptional points are interesting physical phenomena in non-Hermitian physics at which the eigenvalues are degenerate and the eigenvectors coalesce. In this paper, we find that in projected non-Hermitian two-level systems (sub-systems under projecting partial Hilbert space) the singularities of exceptional points (EPs) is due to basis defectiveness rather than energy degeneracy or state coalescence. This leads to the discovery of extended exceptional points (EEPs). For EEPs, more subtle structures (e.g. the so-called Bloch peach), additional classification, and ‘hidden’ quantum phase transitions are explored. By using the topologically protected sub-space from two edge states in the non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model as an example, we illustrate the physical properties of different types of EEPs.
Lead free A2NaInI6 (A = Cs, Rb, K) double perovskites for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam M , Nawaz M Usama , Noor N A , Saba Sadaf , Mahmood Asif , Iqbal Muzammil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Alkali metal substitution in double perovskites is an appropriate approach to deliberate tuning of band edges which play a vital role in bandgap engineering of emerging semiconducting materials. Here we tuned the optoelectronic behavior by carefully engineering the band edges in A2NaInI6 (A = Cs, Rb, K) systems and by tuning the alkali atoms at A site using density functional theory based WIEN2K code. First of all, the unit cell is relaxed to find the optimized lattice parameters. The substitution of smaller-sized cation at the A site leads to the reduction in lattice parameter which shifts the absorption edge towards a shorter wavelength and reduces the bandgap energy. The value of bandgap energy is noticed at 1.60 eV for Cs2NaInI6 which increases to 1.65 and 1.70 eV for Rb2NaInI6 and K2NaInI6 respectively. The computation of the elastic constant’s dependent modulus of elasticity and the Pugh and Poisson ratio confirm their brittle nature. Their viability for solar-thermoelectric generators is carried out by computing the temperature-dependent transport parameters using the BoltzTrap code showing the potential of these systems for solar thermoelectric generators.
Effectiveness of portable air cleaners in mitigating respiratory virus transmission risk
Authors: Li Yu , Kong Benben , Cheng Mengmeng , Song Caiyue , Jiang Yanlong , Shi Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Portable air cleaners (PACs) have shown promising potential in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by effectively removing pollutant particles and optimizing airflow patterns. This study focused on a simulated scenario where an infected source and a susceptible person engage in conversation within a naturally ventilated room. By combining the Eulerian fluid method with the Lagrangian particle tracking model, a comprehensive insight into indoor airflow patterns and the dispersion of virus-laden droplets was gained. As deposited droplets may be resuspended or in contact thereby increasing the potential risk of infection, the deposition of droplets of different sizes in different susceptible areas was also specifically analyzed. The impacts of three variables, namely the configuration of the PAC’s opening, air flow rate, and positioning, on the transmission of virus-laden droplets were investigated. The results highlighted the significant role of PAC utilization in effectively capturing droplets emitted by the infected source and reducing virus concentration in the vicinity of the susceptible person, thereby mitigating the risk of transmission. Notably, the design and orientation of the suction opening emerged as crucial factors. Among the various cases studied, the optimal control and prevention performance against the virus was achieved with a virus concentration reduction rate of 97.4% when the PAC had an opening configuration with a larger single-sided suction opening facing the infected source, an airflow rate of 200 m3 h−1, and was positioned at the center of the tabletop between the infected source and the susceptible person. This research underscored the importance of employing PACs with appropriate settings to enhance indoor air quality and minimize the potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in similar scenarios.
Dynamics of 2 × 2 matrix non-Hermitian quantum systems on Bloch sphere
Authors: Fu Libin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
By casting evolution to the Bloch sphere, the dynamics of 2 × 2 matrix non-Hermitian systems are investigated in detail. This investigation reveals that there are four kinds of dynamical modes for such systems. The different modes are classified by different kinds of fixed points, namely, the elliptic point, spiral point, critical node, and degenerate point. The Hermitian systems and the unbroken

P
T

non-Hermitian cases belong to the category with elliptic points. The degenerate point just corresponds to the systems with exceptional point (EP). The topological properties of the fixed point are also discussed. It is interesting that the topological charge for the degenerate point is two, while the others are one.
Theoretical study of the nonlinear force-loading control in single-molecule stretching experiments
Authors: Qi Xingyu , Guo Zilong , Le Shimin , Chen Hu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Force spectrum measurements with constant loading rates are widely used in single-molecule manipulation experiments to study the mechanical stability and force response of biomolecules. Force-dependent transition rates can be obtained from the transition force distribution, but it is limited to the force range with non-zero force distribution. Although constant loading rate control can be realized with magnetic tweezers, the loading rate range is limited due to the slow movement of permanent magnets. Non-linear exponential and exponential squared force loading functions are more feasible in magnetic tweezers, while there is no theoretical result available for these two kinds of non-linear force loading functions. In this study, we solved the unfolding process of a protein following Bell’s model under nonlinear exponential and exponential squared force loading functions, which offer a broader range of unfolding force distribution compared to the traditional constant loading rate experiments. Furthermore, we derived two force loading functions, which can produce uniform unfolding force distribution. This research contributes fundamental equations for the analysis of experimental data obtained through single-molecule manipulation under nonlinear force loading controls, paving the way for the use of nonlinear force control in magnetic tweezer experiments.
Learning topological defects formation with neural networks in a quantum phase transition
Authors: Shi Han-Qing , Zhang Hai-Qing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Neural networks possess formidable representational power, rendering them invaluable in solving complex quantum many-body systems. While they excel at analyzing static solutions, nonequilibrium processes, including critical dynamics during a quantum phase transition, pose a greater challenge for neural networks. To address this, we utilize neural networks and machine learning algorithms to investigate time evolutions, universal statistics, and correlations of topological defects in a one-dimensional transverse-field quantum Ising model. Specifically, our analysis involves computing the energy of the system during a quantum phase transition following a linear quench of the transverse magnetic field strength. The excitation energies satisfy a power-law relation to the quench rate, indicating a proportional relationship between the excitation energy and the kink numbers. Moreover, we establish a universal power-law relationship between the first three cumulants of the kink numbers and the quench rate, indicating a binomial distribution of the kinks. Finally, the normalized kink-kink correlations are also investigated and it is found that the numerical values are consistent with the analytic formula.
Evaluation of sol-gel and solvothermal method on titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Ayala I V , Mejía-Ospino E , Gonzalez-Arias C , Cabanzo-Hernández R , V-Niño E D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present study compares two synthesis routes to obtain titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites that could be used as photoelectrodes in a water-splitting photoelectrocatalytic system. The nanocomposites were obtained using in-situ sol-gel and solvothermal methods as fabrication routes. Subsequently, the materials obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. The results indicated a strong interaction between reduced graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanomaterials using both synthesis processes; however, the in-situ sol-gel method exhibited more significant conservation of the aromatic rings of the graphene structure and a lower bandgap (2.45 eV), which are suitable characteristics for its potential use in photoelectrocatalytic processes.
Landing and take-off capabilities of bioinspired aerial vehicles: a review
Authors: Hammad Ahmad , Armanini Sophie F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bioinspired flapping–wing micro aerial vehicles (FWMAVs) have emerged over the last two decades as a promising new type of robot. Their high thrust-to-weight ratio, versatility, safety, and maneuverability, especially at small scales, could make them more suitable than fixed-wing and multi-rotor vehicles for various applications, especially in cluttered, confined environments and in close proximity to humans, flora, and fauna. Unlike natural flyers, however, most FWMAVs currently have limited take-off and landing capabilities. Natural flyers are able to take off and land effortlessly from a wide variety of surfaces and in complex environments. Mimicking such capabilities on flapping-wing robots would considerably enhance their practical usage. This review presents an overview of take-off and landing techniques for FWMAVs, covering different approaches and mechanism designs, as well as dynamics and control aspects. The special case of perching is also included. As well as discussing solutions investigated for FWMAVs specifically, we also present solutions that have been developed for different types of robots but may be applicable to flapping-wing ones. Different approaches are compared and their suitability for different applications and types of robots is assessed. Moreover, research and technology gaps are identified, and promising future work directions are identified.
Linear statistics for Coulomb gases: higher order cumulants
Authors: De Bruyne Benjamin , Le Doussal Pierre , Majumdar Satya N , Schehr Grégory 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We consider N classical particles interacting via the Coulomb potential in spatial dimension d and in the presence of an external trap, at equilibrium at inverse temperature β. In the large N limit, the particles are confined within a droplet of finite size. We study smooth linear statistics, i.e. the fluctuations of sums of the form

L

N

=

∑

i
=
1

N

f
(

x
i

)

, where x

i
’s are the positions of the particles and where

f
(

x
i

)

is a sufficiently regular function. There exists at present standard results for the first and second moments of

L

N

in the large N limit, as well as associated Central Limit Theorems in general dimension and for a wide class of confining potentials. Here we obtain explicit expressions for the higher order cumulants of

L

N

at large N, when the function

f
(
x
)
=
f
(

|

x

|

)

and the confining potential are both rotationnally invariant. A remarkable feature of our results is that these higher cumulants depend only on the value of

f

′

(

|

x

|

)

and its higher order derivatives evaluated exactly at the boundary of the droplet, which in this case is a d-dimensional sphere. In the particular two-dimensional case d = 2 at the special value β = 2, a connection to the Ginibre ensemble allows us to derive these results in an alternative way using the tools of determinantal point processes. Finally we also obtain the large deviation form of the full probability distribution function of

L

N

.
Bacteria Isolation of Kerosene Contaminated Asphalt Waste (Asbuton)
Authors: Purwanti Ipung Fitri , Warmadewanthi IDAA , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , In Hurun , Paramata Mulyani Zahra , Pramesti Hafidya Norista 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Kerosene is a type of hydrocarbon commonly known as paraffin oil which is usually used as a home heating fuel, lamp and asphalt solvent. The presence of kerosene in the asphalt production can potentially cause environmental pollution, one of which affects soil conditions. Some bacteria that have specific ability to degrade hydrocarbon content in soil are called hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. This study aims to determine the proportion of the presence of bacteria that have the potential to degrade hydrocarbons, in this case kerosene, in polluted soil at the location of one of the largest asphalt manufacturing companies in Indonesia and to determine the morphological characters of bacterial isolates. Based on the results of the study, Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria isolated from asbuton had 5 dominant isolates and were identified by PCR analysis. The results of this study were that the five bacterial isolates were Bacillus sp. with 3 of them being Bacillus subtilis and 2 others being Bacillus cereus. This result has an Entiren stiffness of 99.62% - 100%. The type of bacteria Bacillus sp. are capable of reducing the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and still able to survive and potentially degrade the TPH content in it.
Efficiency of sustainable green coagulants to remove turbidity
Authors: Hatim Sajad , Almansoory Asia Fadhile , Al-Baldawi Israa Abdulwahab 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In wastewater treatment systems, coagulation is important to enhance turbidity removal in terms of physicochemical treatment. In this study, the aim is to use plant leaves and seed as sustainable environment strategy to treat turbid water. Four plant leaves (Alhagi graecorum, Beta vulgaris L., Capparis spinosa, and Medicago sativa), plant stem (Beta vulgaris L.) and two fruit seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L and Prunus armeniaca) are used and all local in Iraq. The experiments were run with different green coagulant concentrations of 0, 1000, 3000, 5000, and 7000 mg/L to test turbidity removal of 500 NTU. The best removal results were with 1000 mg/ L green coagulant as Capparis spinosa (45%), Medicago sativa (49%), Beta vulgaris L. (leaves 47%, stem 56%), and Phoenix dactylifera L. (45%). While Alhagi graecorum and Prunus armeniaca with 3000, and 7000 mg/L green coagulant reached to 67, and 62% turbidity removal respectively. This results support the concept of sustainable environment by using green natural coagulants available in ecosystem.
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in Surabaya rivers: potential sources and correlation with other water quality parameters
Authors: Astuti Nahrul Faridha Yully , Sundana Putri Tandriani , Nisaa Ainul Firdatun , Mardyanto Mas Agus 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recently identified compounds and chemicals that are harmful to the environment and pose a major risk to human health, known as emerging pollutants (EPs), are receiving increasing attention today. The main basis for this study is the absence of studies that discuss the presence of anti-inflammatory and anti-pain medicines in river water in Surabaya. Based on the study results, it was found that the overall average paracetamol concentration was 333 μg/L in Mas River and 430 μg/L in Surabaya River. Meanwhile, the ibuprofen concentration was not detected at all sampling points. This can be caused by the levels of ibuprofen, which are very small or below the detection limit. River water quality standards are regulated in Appendix VI of Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021. On average, other water parameters that were also monitored, namely BOD, COD, nitrate, and phosphate, exceed the class II quality standards. Meanwhile, the pH and temperature parameters are within the class II quality standards range. Further research is needed to determine the presence of EPs in Surabaya rivers. This research can be a useful reference for further research.