bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cellular response to topically applied horseradish peroxidase in the gingiva of normal and immunized dogs
Authors: Kahnberg K.‐E. , Morgan P. , Lindhe J. 
Published: July 2006

In the present study efforts were made to demonstrate the penetration of topically applied horseadish peroxidase (HRP) through the junctional epithelium of dogs and to study the cellular reactions in normal and sensitized dogs.Three beagle dogs were used. HRP dissolved in saline (5 mg/ml) was topically applied to two jaw quadrants of normal dogs and biopsies obtained after 8 hours. The dogs were then sensitized to HRP > Similar topical applications were carried out in the remaining quadrants and further biopsies taken. The gingival specimens from two dogs were analyzed histometrically with regard to the numerical and volumetric density of inflammatory cells in the junctional epithelium (JE) and subjunctional connective tissue.The histologic and ultrastructural examination showed that topical application of HRP to the gingiva of normal dogs stimulated the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the JE, In sensitized dogs similar HRP application resulted in a six‐fold increase in neutrophils and a two‐fold increase in mononuclear leukocytes. The sensitized dogs also developed and increased volumetric density of inflammatory cells and blood vessels in th subjunctional connective tissue. There was ultrastructural evidence of enhanced phagocytic activity by macrophages accompanied by marked neutrophil degranulation.
A clinical study of gingivitis of deciduous and succadaneous permanent teeth in dogs.
Authors: Hock Janet 
Published: July 2006

The objective of this study was to determine the severity of gingivitis of newly erupted permanent teeth of dogs which had exhibited plaque and gingivitis around the predecessor deciduous teeth. Two litters of 4 and 6 mongrel dogs were assessed clinically using G. I. and P1.I. (Löe 1967) and tests for crevicular exudate. Selected premolar gingiva were biopsied and processed for light microscopy. A plaque inducing diet was fed to 2 dogs in each litter. Control dogs were fed a hard diet and subjected to regular plaque removal procedures, using daily toothbrushing and 0.2% chlorhexidine application. Clinical examinations on canines and premolars were made at weekly intervals from the 16th to the 30th week of age.Results showed that in control dogs, teeth from which plaque was removed regularly exhibited non‐inflamed gingiva throughout the study. Gingivitis in experimental dogs was relaed to the continued presence of plaque. In these dogs, the mean G.I. and P1.I. scores of permanent teeth were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those of the predecessor deciduous teeth which had exhibited plaque and pingivitis.
IgG subclasses in human periodontal disease
Authors: Mackler Bruce F. , Waldrop Thomas C. , Schur Peter , Robertson Paul B. , Levy Barnet M. 
Published: July 2006

Lymphocytes with surface IgG and plasma cells producing IgG have been shown to be a prominent feature of different inflammatory periodontal lesions. The subclass nature of the IgG‐bearing cells in gingival biopsies was investigated in order to further define these inflammatory cell infiltrates and correlate them with different stages of human periodontal disease.Mild gingivitis was characterized by lymphocytes which lacked surface IgG and Fc receptors suggestive of thymus (T) dependent cells. In severe gingivitis, the nature of the localized cellular infiltrate changed with increasing numbers of IgG1 (22%) and IgG3 (17%) labelled lymphocytes, with lesser number of IgG4 (7%) and IgG2 (1%) similar incidence of IgG subclass plasma cells was also observed. Destructive periodontitis was characterized by high numbers of plasma cells (57%) distributed throughout the gingiva. The incidence of IgG subclasses was 25% IgG1, 19% IgG4, 18% IgG3, and 1% IgG2. This distribution of IgG subclass. These findings present further evidence that the cellular infiltrate in the most destructive stage of periodontal disease, priodontitis, is primarily composed of bone marrow (B) derived cells.
Collagen turnover in the periodontal ligament under normal and altered functional forces
Authors: Rippin J. W. 
Published: July 2006

48 six month old rats were given 1 μCi/g of body weight of tritiated proline by intraperitoneal injection, 24 of them having had the left maxillary molars extracted two weeks earlier; 4 animals from each group were killed after a further 12 hours, 1, 4, 7, 12 or 20 days. Analyses of autoradiographic grain densities in various areas of the lower first molar periodontal ligament allowed calculation of half‐lives which were attributable to collagen turnover; all such values were less than 12 days.It is argued that the results are applicable to man in relative terms and thus have several important clinical implications. It becomes entirely feasible that the tissue destruction in chronic periodontitis is, at least in part, a function of decreased collagen formation brought about by any inflammatory process. The normal relatively slow rate of turnover in crestal fibres may well provide a barrier to the spread of inflammation from the gingiva, but its increase consequent on incresed tooth movement, as occurs in active orthodontic treatement, may reduce the barrier's effectiveness. However, the turnover rate is such taht even in adults it should not be a limiting factor in orthodontic treatement or in periodontal treatment aimed at restorring attachement.
Effects of citric acid on diseased root surfaces
Authors: Garrett John S. , Crigger Max , Egelberg Jan 
Published: July 2006

The effect of topically applied citric acid on periodontally diseased root surfaces was evaluated using the scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopes. Results with the SEM indicate that acid application had no effect on specimens that had not been root planed. After application to root planed surfaces, however, the acid priduced a fiber‐like surface with frequent depressions. TEM observations showed that the acid application produced a four micron wide demineralized zone, which was characterized by exposed collagen fibrils. These fibrils seemed to be continuous between the mineralized and demineralized zones of the root.It appears that the relative success of the citric acid application in periodontal reattachment procedures is realted to the fact that the acid causes exposure of collagen fibrils in the dentin matrix, thus providing a suitable nidus for splicing with new fibrils during the healing process.
Subcellular distribution and partial characterization of gingival mitochondrial and soluble malate dehydrogenases
Authors: Fine A. S. , Egnore R. W. , Scopp I. W. , Stahl S. S. 
Published: July 2006

Partial purification and characterization by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human and rodent malate dehyrogenase revealed the presence of two distinct isoenzymes, one associated with the mitochondrial fraction (M‐MDH) and one with the soluble fraction (S‐MDH). Electrophoretic mobilities of the isoenzymes obtained from human and rodent gingiva wre similar.Malate dehyrogenase distribution patterns of the subcellular fractions suggest that the S‐MDH isoenzyme may be more active than the M‐MDH isoenzyme in rodent gingiva.Malate dehydrogenase distribution patterns in mild to moderately inflamed human gingiva were similar to those seen in dilantin hyperplastic gingiva. S‐MDH and M‐MDH isoenzyme distribution patterns could not be fully evaluated because of the high activity of the M‐MDH isoenzyme seen in the soluble fraction. However, the subcellular distribution patterns and electrophoretic mobility in human gingiva showed trends similar to those seen in rodent gingiva. Malate dehydrogenase specific activities in total homogenates of human inflamed and dilantin hyperplastic gingiva were similar.
Acid mucopolysaccharides in porcine gingiva
Authors: Hiramatsu M. , Abe I. , Minami N. 
Published: July 2006

Acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) were extracted from porcine gingiva. The concentration of the uronic acid extracted was 0.23% of the ry‐defatted issue. The AMPS were fractioned with a Dowex 1‐X2 column.The individual AMPS components of the various fractions obtained were determine on the basis of the contents of the hexosamine, unsaturated disaccharides, and chondroitin sulfate isomers. It was suggested from the results that the AMPS of porcine gingiva consisted of large amounts of chondrotin sulfates A and B, moderate amounts of hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate, and a small amount of chondroitin sulfate C.
Subcutaneous implants for assessements of dental materials with emphasis on periodontal dressings
Authors: Haugen Ellen , Mjör Ivarr A. 
Published: July 2006

Polyethylene tubes filled with various dental materials were placed as subcutaneous implants in rats. A scoring system for no, slight, moderate and severe reaction was established on the basis of the tissue response to a variety of materials for the evaluation of long term implants (30 or 90 days). Short term implants (7 or 14 days) were evaluated by deciding whether or not an effect from the material could be found in addition to the operative trauma.The scoring system was used to evaluate the reactions to three periodontal dressings. Tissue from the short term implantation periods exhibited marked reactions to most implants. Long term implantation revealed that a difference in the tissue response to the three dressings was present, For two of the materials the initial irritation was followed by an innocuous state, but from the third dressing a continuous irritation of the tissue was observed.
The influence of local anaesthesia and occlusal surface area on the forces developed during repetitive maximal clenching efforts
Authors: Van Steenberghe D. , de Vries J. H. 
Published: July 2006

With local anaesthesia seven out of nine volunteers developed increased clenching forces during successive efforts with two antagonistic teeth. The magnitude of the increase could not be evaluated, as most subjects had to be prevented from clenching any harder, in order to avoid damage.When a dynamometer was adapted bilaterally to several premolar and molar teeth, greater forces were developed than with the dynamometer adapted to two antagonists. This could be a result of decreased periodontal and/or pulpal receptor stimulation. In the former case, maximum clenching value was reached immediately, and the force remained almost constant during following clenching efforts.Both experiments substantiate the hypothesis that periodontal and/or intradental receptors have a negative feed‐back on the activity of jaw closing muscles.
Radiolabeled microsphere measurements of alveolar bone blood flow in dogs
Authors: Kaplan M. L. , Jeffcoat M. K. , Goldhaber P. 
Published: July 2006

Radiolabeled microspheres were injected into the left cardiac ventricle in healthy adult dogs to quantify blood flow in maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and pulse contour were monitored throughout each experiment.Blood flow in maxillary alveolar bone was more than 30 % greater (p < .001) than in mandibular alveolar bone. Alveolar bone blood flow (mean ± S.D.) measured as ml/min per gram was 0.12 ± .02 in the maxilla compared to 0.09 ± .02 in the mandible. The cardiovascular paramenters monitored were constant immediately prior to the injection of microspheres and remained unchanged during and following injection.It is possible that radiolabeled microspheres can be used to quantify the circulatory changes in alveolar bone during the development of destructive periodontal disease in dogs.
A microbiological study of dental calculus
Authors: Sidaway D. A. 
Published: July 2006

The flora of 16 supragingival and 11 subgingival calculus samples from 20 patients was studies using both selective media incubated aerobically and anaerobically. 767 representative isolates, from a total of 1,320 were charaterised and 653 assigned to genera or species.Gram‐positive organisms present in >50% of all samples were Streptococcus sanguis (96%), Streptococcus mitior (93%), Actinomyces naeslundii (78%), Actinomyces israelii (72%), Rothia dentocariosa and Bacterionema matruchotii (70%) and Actinomyces viscosus (67%). the most prevalent Gram‐negative species were Neisseria pharyngis (89%), Selenomonas (80%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (78%), Bacteriodes melaninogenicus and Leptotrichia buccalis (70%), Camylobacter (60%), Veillonella alcalescens and an unidentified Gram‐negative rod (59%) and Eikenella corrodens (56%).The calculus flora was more complex than histological studies had previously suggested, with up to 22 species found in a single sample. there was qualitative similarity with the flora of dental plaque formed at the margin of the gingivae, the chief difference being the absence of Streptococcus mutans and the increased prevalence of Str. sanguis serotype I/II.A. naeslundii, A. viscosus and V. alcalescens were more prevalent in subgingival samples and N. pharyngis, B. melaninogenicus in supragingival. In view of the small number of samples examined these differences may not be highly significant.
Citation records of papers published in the journal of periodontology and the Journal of Periodontal Research
Authors: Brunette D.M. , Simon M.J. , Reimers M.A. 
Published: July 2006

The citation records of the papers published in the Journal of Periodontology vols. 31–45 and Journal of Periodontal Reserch vols. 1–9 have been examined and lists of most cited papers ranked by total number of citation and citations per year compiled. Several diverse approaches to periodontal research are represented in these lists including microbiology, histology, immunilogy. and surgery.The patterns of periodontal literature usage with time resembles that found for biomedical lliterature and other bibliographic indices such as Price's Index and the number ro references per paper place periodontal research in or close to the range of values found for “normal” sciences.The distribution of citations among individual papers resembles that found in other sciences in that the majority of papers have very little impact. In the first five years following publication, 18% of papers published in J. Periodontol. were not cited while less than 10% were cited ten times or more. The record for papers published in J. Periodontal Res. is slightly better, 9.5% were not cited and 12.6% were cited ten times of more in the five years following publication. In this study. there were no instances of papers that failed to be cited in the first five years achieving ten or more citations in any subsequent five year period. One class of research publication, case reports, was associated with a very low citation frequency. It appears that the influence fo case reports on subsequent research is small.
Experimental cellular immune reactions in the gingiva of beagle dogs
Authors: Rylander H. , Attstroöm R. , Lindhe J. , Nobreus N. 
Published: July 2006

Four Beagle dogs were sensitized to 1‐dinitro‐2.4 chlorobenzene (DNCB) during a preexperimental period of three months. The animals were fed a hard diet and subjected to plaque removal three times weekly throughout the study. During the experimental period of 75 days DNCB was applied to the gingiva three times weekly on one side of the jaws and the vehicle (Orabase) was applied on the other. Gingival biopsies were taken on day 75 of the experiment. Semithin sections were subjected to light microscopic analysis using morphometric point counting procedures. The mor0phometic data showed that the gingiva on the experimental (DNCB) side contained leukocyte inflitrates dominated by mononuclear inflammatory cells, in the marginal oral epithelium, junctional epithelium as well as in the connective tissue immediately below these epithelia. The oral epithelium was the site of severe alterations such as intercellular edema and lack of a stratum corneum. In the diseased portion of the connective tissue the establishment of a lymphocyte‐macrophage dominated infiltrate was secured simultaneously with a drastic reduction of the collagen content.The results of the study indicate that the reaction elicited in the tissues was related to delayed hypersensitivity and that the establishment of an experimental cellular immune reaction caused damage to the gingival structures.
Pilot clinical studies on the effect of topical citric acid application on healing after replaced periodontal flap surgery
Authors: Cole Rick , Nilveus Rolf , Ainamo Jukka , Bogle Gary , Crigger Max , Egelbekg Jan 
Published: July 2006

The effect of citric acid conditioning of the root surfaces during periodontal surgery was studied in 12 patients with residual pockets ≥ 5 mm two months following oral hygiene instruction and initial root planing. Full thickness, replaced flap procedure (“modified Widman”) was performed with or without topical citric acid application using a split mouth approach. Six months post‐operatively, improvement of the periodontal conditions was observed as evidenced from reduction of probing pocket depth, gain of probing attachment level and gingival recession. A mean probing attachment level gain for pooled acid treated surfaces of 2.1 mm was obtained as compared to 1.5 mm for the non‐acid treated control surfaces.Our previous dog and human studies have demonstrated new connective attachment after acid conditioning of root surfaces as contrasted to readaplation of a junctional epithelium in the non‐acid treated controls. However, the results of the present study indicate that from a clinical standpoint, the use of citric acid application might only provide a small improvement in probing attachment levels.
Bacteroides gingivalis antigens and bone resorbing activity in root surface fractions of periodontally involved teeth
Authors: Patters M. R. , Landesberg R. L. , Johansson L.‐A. , Trummel and C. L. , Robertson P. B. 
Published: July 2006

Bone resorbing activity and the presence of antigens of Bacteroides gingivalis were assessed in plaque, calculus, cementum, and dentin obtained from roots of teeth previously exposed to periodontitis. Each fraction was obtained by scaling the root surface. The fractions were extracted by stirring and sonication, and the soluble extracts centrifuged, sterilized, dialyzed, and adjusted to equivalent protein concentrations. Cementum and dentin extracts from impacted teeth were prepared similarly and served as controls. Stimulation of bone resorption by each extract was assessed in organ cultures of fetal rat bones by measurement of release of previously‐incorporated 45Ca from the bone into the medium. In some groups of teeth, calculus and cementum were treated with citric acid prior to scaling. Citric acid washes were recovered and dialyzed. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the extracts for the presence of antigens reactive with an anti‐serum to B. gingivalis.Significant stimulation of bone resorption was found in all calculus and periodontally‐involved cementum preparations. ELISA showed significant levels of B, gingivalis antigens in plaque, calculus, and cementum of periodontally‐involved teeth, but not in involved dentin nor in cementum or dentin of impacted teeth. Treatment with citric acid removed essentially all B. gingivalis antigens from cementum but not calculus.The results suggest that substances which stimulate bone resorption and substances which react with B. gingivalis antiserum are present in surface plaque, calculus, and cementum of periodontally‐involved teeth. These substances are not present in cementum and dentin of impacted teeth nor in dentin of periodontally‐involved teeth. Treatment by both scaling and citric acid demineralization will remove most of these substances from cementum of teeth previously exposed to periodontitis.
Alveolar bone destruction in the immunosuppressed rat
Authors: Sallay K. , Sanavi F. , Ring I. , Pham P. , Behling U. H. , Nowotny A. 
Published: July 2006

The placement of a ligature around the second maxillary molar of the conventional rat caused osteoclastic bone resorption and simultaneously, alveolar bone formation. The number of peripheral mononuclear cells in the blood and lymphoblastic transformation of spleen cells in response to concanavalin A increased. Cyclophosphamide (CY), an immunosuppressive agent, given shortly after placing the ligature suppressed the lymphoid reactions, spleen size, and bone formation and enhanced bone destruction. CY given in higher doses also suppressed the number of PMN cells. Septicemia developed in several of these animals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were isolated from the blood and/or ligature. Antibiotics prevented bone destruction. Without placing a ligature, the high dose of CY did not result in bone loss.These findings suggest that 1) bone destruction of the ligature‐treated rat is of bacterial origin, 2) CY suppresses proliferation of osteoblasts but does not seem to interfere with the activity of osteoclasts, and 3) suppression of the host defenses greatly facilitates bone destruction.
The effect of Octapinol on dento‐gingival plaque and development of gingivitis
Authors: Willard Lars‐Olof , Edwardsson Stig , Attström Rolf , Matsson Lars 
Published: July 2006

A substituted amino‐alcohol (Octapinol) with lipophilic‐hydrophilic properties and with a surface tension in water. Solution of about 40 dynes per cm and a comparatively low antibacterial effect against aerobes was tested with respect to its ability to inhibit plaque formation on extracted human molars in an Experimental Plaque System (EPS). A complete plaque inhibition was seen in the teeth treated with Octapinol during the experimental periods varying from 3 to 12 days, while a heavy plaque accumulation was seen in the control teeth during the same periods of time. In addition, Octapinol prohibited further plaque development when tested on established plaque, which also was partly disolved in the presence of the compound.Octapinol was also tested in a short‐term study in beagle dogs and demonstrated an ability to reduce plaque formation and the development of gingivitis during an experimental period of 28 days.