bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymph node assessment: Issues in pathology
Authors: Khalifa Mahmoud A. , Smith Andy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMetastasis to regional lymph nodes detected in cancer surgery specimens is a significant prognosticator and is also critical for subsequent planning of therapeutic options. Consequently, the status of regional lymph nodes has become a mandatory element of the synotic reporting on cancer resection specimens. Although pathologic reporting of lymph node metastasis is conceptually straightforward, several subtle processing and reporting issues deserve discussion. This review addresses pathology specific issues with particular emphasis on non‐breast, non‐cutaneous cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:260–264. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid autonomisation of a combined fibular‐ and anterolateral thigh flap transferred by a wrist carrier to an irradiated and vessel depleted neck
Authors: Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Mücke Thomas , Lehmbrock Jutta , Loeffelbein Denys J. , Kesting Marco R. , Hölzle Frank 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn an irradiated and vessel depleted neck, we used the wrist carrier technique to provide flap perfusion until autonomisation took place. A combined anterolateral thigh‐ and osteocutaneous fibular flap was anastomosed to the radial vessels of an irradiated patient with a vessel depleted neck for reconstruction of the lower face. Periodical pedicle occlusion started immediately after surgery. On day 16, cutaneous blood flow and oxygenation were still reduced, but wound healing was uneventful. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99: 123–126. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Essential oil composition of Citrus medica L. Cv. Diamante (Diamante citron) determined after using different extraction methods
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Fazio Alessia , Dugo Paola , Costa Rosaria , Mondello Luigi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we report the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile and the oxygenated heterocyclic fraction of citron (Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante (Diamante citron)). The fruits selected for the extraction were of three types: green citron of little size, green citron of big size, and yellow citron after 1 month from the harvest. The essential oils were extracted using three different methods. The nine samples of oil thus obtained were analyzed by high resolution GC (HRGC)‐flame ionization detection (FID), HRGC‐MS, and RP‐HPLC. They differ only in the quantitative composition, while the qualitative profile was the same. The volatile fraction of every sample of oil is characterized by a high content of limonene, γ‐terpinene, and monoterpene aldehydes and a lower content of α‐ and β‐pinene and myrcene, sesquiterpenes, and aliphatic aldehydes. Enantioselective (Es)‐GC analysis of the extracts allowed the determination of the enantiomeric distribution of five terpenoid compounds; a prevalence of four dextrorotatory isomers was observed. Oxypeucedanin was the main component of the oxygenated heterocyclic fraction in the extracts of green fruits, while citropten was the major oxygenated compound in the oil obtained from yellow citron.
Evaluation of electron capture detection in reversed‐phase HPLC for pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Pereira Alberto S. , Szucs Roman , Sandra Pat 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe coupling of RP‐LC to electron capture detection (ECDNi63) is described. To reduce the amount of mobile phase entering into the detector, interfacing was performed via a Scott‐type spray chamber. The performance of RP‐LC/ECDNi63 was evaluated for pharmaceutical analysis and the results show that the system is able to work in a routine environment using columns with 2 mm id and common amounts of the organic modifiers methanol or ACN in the mobile phase. Because of the high sensitivity and selectivity toward electrophilic compounds, the use of this detector opens possibilities for the analysis of impurities down to the 0.05% level of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).
In‐column preparation of a brush‐type chiral stationary phase using click chemistry and a silica monolith
Authors: Slater Michael D. , Fréchet Jean M. J. , Svec Frantisek 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBrush‐type chiral stationary phases (CSP) have been prepared both from a silica monolith and, separately, from 10 μm porous silica beads via a process of in‐column modification including attachment of the chiral selector via copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Azide functionalities were first introduced on the pore surface of each type of support by reaction with 3‐(azidopropyl)trimethoxysilane, followed by immobilization of a proline‐derived chiral selector containing an alkyne moiety. This functionalization reaction was carried out in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper (I) iodide. The separation performance of these triazole linked stationary phases was demonstrated in enantioseparations of four model analytes, which afforded separation factors as high as 11.4.
Difference frequency generation laser based spectrometers
Authors: Richter D. , Fried A. , Weibring P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTunable mid‐infrared laser sources are the key to precision optical trace gas detection. Difference‐frequency generation (DFG) based laser sources are among a few practical laser sources that have demonstrated ultra‐high detection sensitivities during real‐world applications when combined with appropriate signal enhancing and noise reduction spectroscopic techniques. This article will discuss the technical approaches, illustrate application examples of DFG sources, and offer perspectives to competing technologies.
Relationship between various clinical outcome assessments in patients with blepharospasm
Authors: Jankovic Joseph , Kenney Christopher , Grafe Susanne , Goertelmeyer Roman , Comes George 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe objective was to analyze the metric properties of the Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS) and a self‐rating patient response outcome scale, the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BSDI©), in blepharospasm patients. Data from a randomized, double‐blind, active‐control clinical trial in 300 patients with blepharospasm treated with either botulinum toxin type A (Botox®) or NT201 (Xeomin®) were used to evaluate the metric properties of the JRS and the BSDI compared with the Patient Evaluation of Global Response (PEGR) and Global Assessment Scale (GAS). The internal consistency of the BSDI was high, Cronbach's Alpha = 0.88, and the retest reliability of the BSDI single items was adequate, Spearman's rank coefficient = 0.453 < r < 0.595. The correlation between JRS sum score and BSDI weighted mean score was r = 0.487 (baseline) and r = 0.737 (control visit), respectively. Using the GAS and PEGR, the results suggest that a change of 2 points in the JRS and of 0.7 points in the BSDI are clinically meaningful. JRS and BSDI are objective indicators of clinical efficacy as suggested by their good validity when compared with physicians' and patients' rating scales. Both, JRS and BSDI, can be used to reliably assess blepharospasm in treatment trials. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Living with severe osteoarthritis while awaiting hip and knee joint replacement surgery
Authors: Parsons Gail Elizabeth , Godfrey Helen , Jester Rebecca Francine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives: To explore the lived experiences of patients with severe osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee joint while awaiting joint replacement surgery.Methods: An exploratory qualitative approach using phenomenology was adopted for the purpose of the study. Unstructured interviews were carried out on a sample of six patients who had been referred to the National Health Service waiting list for a primary hip or knee replacement. The participants were invited to share their experiences and concerns relating to how they were coping with end‐stage OA of their hip or knee joint. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Narrative data were analysed using Giorgi's (1985) procedural steps to reveal themes which recurred in the participants' stories.Results: Six themes emerged from the data, central to the experience of living with severe OA. They were: coping and living with pain; not being able to walk; coping with everyday activities; body image; advice and support available; and the effect of their disease upon family, friends and helpers. There were also a number of sub‐themes associated with each major theme.Conclusions: This study suggests that there is an absence of generic support, guidance and information relating to the management of symptoms of OA for individuals awaiting hip and knee replacement surgery. Patients awaiting hip and knee joint replacement surgery often have difficulty in managing their symptoms. Support in general appears to be dependent on the availability of resources in the primary care setting. Potential patients who are fortunate to know or meet someone who has undergone a similar procedure learn from the experience of exchanging information between themselves, along with coping strategies in the management of their symptoms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a multidisciplinary outpatient pain management programme based at a community hospital
Authors: Wong Mei , Rietzschel Julia , Mulherin Diarmuid , David Carol 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural therapy pain management programme (PMP) based at a small community hospital.Methods: Patients attending the PMP were assessed at three intervals (pre‐training, and 18 and 44 weeks post‐training) using a set of seven questionnaires. Information about their general practitioner (GP) and consultant visits was recorded at pre‐training and final follow‐up visits. Questionnaires were completed and additional personal information recorded before patients attended their appointments.Results: Between 1997 and 2006, 163 patients completed at least six sessions out of the eight‐week programme. Of these, 70 who had completed at least one questionnaire outcome measure at the three assessment intervals, and 83 who had provided information on their GP and consultant visits at pre‐training and final follow‐up, were included in the analyses. The results showed that patients reported being more confident in coping with their pain (pain self‐efficacy questionnaire) at 18 weeks post‐training and their improvement was sustained at the final follow‐up. They were significantly less depressed (hospital and anxiety depression scale [HADS]) and reported a large improvement in their quality of life (modified patient generated index) at the final follow‐up. They also reported a significant reduction in pain‐related GP and consultant visits at their final follow‐up. Although there were improvements in the Tampa scale of kinesiophobia, anxiety (HADS‐Anx) and sickness impact profile scores, these were not statistically significant.Conclusion: The result of the evaluation indicated that this PMP, delivered in a community hospital setting, made some significant differences to patients with intractable chronic pain conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the block Gauss–Seidel solution procedure for a strongly coupled model problem with reference to fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Joosten M. M. , Dettmer W. G. , Perić D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe block Gauss–Seidel procedure is widely used for the resolution of the strong coupling in the computer simulation of fluid–structure interaction. Based on a simple model problem, this work presents a detailed analysis of the convergence behaviour of the method. In particular, the model problem is used to highlight some aspects that arise in the context of the application of the block Gauss–Seidel method to FSI problems. Thus, the effects of the time integration schemes chosen, of relaxation techniques, of physical constraints and non‐linearities on the convergence of the iterations are investigated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis for dynamic contact between high‐speed wheel and elastic beam with Coulomb friction
Authors: Lee Kisu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFor numerical analysis of the dynamic contact between a high‐speed wheel and an elastic beam, the equation of motion of each body is time integrated by a simple ODE solution technique and frictional contact conditions are imposed by the augmented Lagrange multiplier method using the contact errors defined in this work. For the stability of the numerical solution, the velocity and acceleration contact conditions as well as the displacement contact condition are imposed with special consideration for the high‐velocity contact point moving on the deformed beam. Especially, it is shown that the Coriolis and centripetal accelerations of the contact point moving rapidly on the deformed beam play crucial roles for the stability of the solution. It is also shown that, for a wheel rolling on a beam with friction, the acceleration constraint in the tangential direction is important for the stability of the solution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of vibration extrusion on the structure and properties of high‐density polyethylene pipes
Authors: Kaiyuan Chen , Nanqiao Zhou , Bin Liu , Shengping Wen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The axial strength of a plastic pipe is much higher than its circumferential strength due to the macromolecular orientation during extrusion. In this work, a custom‐made electromagnetic dynamic plasticating extruder was adopted to extrude high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. A vibration force field was introduced into the whole plasticating and extrusion process by axial vibration of the screw. The aim of superimposing a vibration force field was to change the crystalline structure of HDPE and improve the molecular orientation in the circumferential direction to obtain high‐circumferential‐strength pipes.RESULTS: Through vibration extrusion, the circumferential strength of HDPE pipes increased significantly, and biaxial self‐reinforcement pipes could be obtained. The maximum increase of bursting pressure and tensile yield strength was 34.2 and 5.3%, respectively. According to differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements, the HDPE pipes prepared by vibration extrusion had higher crystallinity, higher melting temperature, larger crystal sizes and more perfect crystals.CONCLUSION: Vibration extrusion can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of HDPE pipes, especially the circumferential strength. The improvement of mechanical properties of HDPE pipes obtained by vibration extrusion can be attributed to the higher degree of crystallinity and the improvement of the molecular orientation and of the crystalline morphology. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Crystalline silicon solar module technology: Towards the 1 € per watt‐peak goal
Authors: del Cañizo C. , del Coso G. , Sinke W.C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCrystalline silicon solar module manufacturing cost is analysed, from feedstock to final product, regarding the equipment, labour, materials, yield losses and fixed cost contributions. Data provided by European industrial partners are used to describe a reference technology and to obtain its cost breakdown. The analysis of the main cost drivers allows to define new generation technologies suitable to reduce module cost towards the short‐term goal of 1 € per watt‐peak. This goal roughly corresponds with the cost level needed to enable ‘grid parity’: the situation solar electricity becomes competitive with retail electricity. The new technologies are described and their costs are analysed. Cost reductions due to scale effects in production are also assessed for next generation manufacturing plants with capacities in the range of several hundreds of megawatts to one gigawatt of module power per year, which are to come in the near future. The combined effects of technology development and economies of scale bring the direct manufacturing costs of wafer‐based crystalline silicon solar modules down into the range of 0·9–1·3 € per watt‐peak, according to current insights and information (the range results from differences between technologies as well as from uncertainties per technology). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nested PCR‐RFLP is a high‐speed method to detect fungicide‐resistant Botrytis cinerea at an early growth stage of grapes
Authors: Saito Seiya , Suzuki Shunji , Takayanagi Tsutomu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Grey mould caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. is one of the major diseases in grapes. The use of fungicides is a simple strategy to protect grapes against B. cinerea disease. However, phenotypes exhibiting resistance to fungicides have been detected in B. cinerea populations. The variation of fungicide‐resistant B. cinerea isolates renders B. cinerea disease control difficult in grapevine fields.RESULTS: The authors have developed a nested polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method to detect fungicide‐resistant B. cinerea isolates at an early growth stage of grapes in grapevine fields. The nested PCR‐RFLP method was carried out to detect benzimidazole‐, phenylcarbamate‐ and/or dicarboximide‐resistant B. cinerea isolates from grape berries and leaves at Eichorn–Lorenz growth stage 25 to 29. This method successfully detected fungicide‐resistant B. cinerea isolates at an early growth stage of grapes. In addition, only 8 h was required from tissue sampling to phenotyping of fungicide resistance of the isolates.CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the early diagnosis of fungicide‐resistant B. cinerea isolates would contribute to further improvement of integrated pest management against B. cinerea in grapevine fields, and that the nested PCR‐RFLP method is a high‐speed, sensitive and reliable tool for this purpose. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy of insecticide mixtures against pyrethroid‐ and organophosphate‐resistant populations ofSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Saleem Mushtaq Ahmed , Sayyed Ali H 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Spodoptera litura(F.) is an important pest worldwide, with over 112 host plants, and is exposed to insecticides throughout the year, resulting in the rapid development of resistance. Insecticide mixtures can delay the development of resistance more effectively than sequences or rotations. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and fipronil were assessed separately and in mixtures against laboratory susceptibleS. lituraand two field‐collected populations.RESULTS:The field‐collected population from Khanewal (KWL) was significantly more resistant to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos than one collected from Muzaffar Garh (MGH). Mixtures of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos and of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios significantly increased (P< 0.01) toxicity to cypermethrin and deltamethrin in field populations. The combination indices of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos at 1:1 and 1:10 ratios and cypermethrin + fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for the KWL strain and of cypermethrin + profenofos or fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for MGH were significantly below 1, suggesting synergistic interactions. The inhibitors DEF and PBO largely overcame resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin and profenofos, suggesting that resistance to the insecticides was associated with esterase and monooxygenase detoxification respectively.CONCLUSION:Chlorpyrifos, profenofos and fipronil could be used in mixtures to restore cypermethrin and deltamethrin susceptibility. These findings may have considerable practical implications forS. lituraresistance management. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Antilipogenic effect of green tea extract in C57BL/6J‐Lepob/ob mice
Authors: Kim Hye‐Jin , Jeon Seon‐Min , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Jung Un Ju , Shin Su‐Kyung , Choi Myung‐Sook 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on lipid metabolism in obese animal models. Male C57BL/6J‐Lepob/ob mice were divided into control and GTE (0.05 g/100 g diet) groups, which were fed a high‐fat (20 g/100 g diet) diet for 12 weeks. Supplementation of GTE significantly reduced (p < 0.01) perirenal and total white adipose tissue weights compared with the control group. Also, the plasma HDL‐cholesterol level was significantly higher in the GTE group than in the control group, therefore the GTE group showed a higher HDL‐cholesterol/total‐cholesterol ratio (HTR) and lower atherogenic index (AI) level than the control group. A reduction of hepatic triglyceride content and adipose tissue weight in the GTE group was related to the suppression of enzyme activities for fatty acid synthesis (glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme) without affecting fatty acid oxidation enzyme (β‐oxidation and carnitine palmitoyl transferase) activities in hepatic and adipose tissue. The current results showed that supplementation of green tea extract is beneficial for antiobesity by the suppression of lipogenesis via regulation of related enzyme activities in hepatic and adipose tissue. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generating road vibration test schedules from pavement profiles for packaging optimization
Authors: Rouillard Vincent 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the further development of a novel and practical method to generate vibration simulation schedules for road transport vehicles using pavement profile data. This paper explores and discusses both the advantages and the limitations of current methods used for packaging development and validation, which include the simulation of random vibrations from ‘standard’ frequency spectra as well as from measured vibration data. An overview of the methods used to measure and analyse pavement profile data is included. The method introduced herein is based on research that introduced statistical models for the predicted vibratory response of various transport vehicle types, and travel speeds using measured longitudinal pavement profile data. The paper explains how these statistical parameters can be used to create vibration simulation schedules specific to vehicle type and route. The paper shows how the statistical models can be used – in conjunction with standard random vibration controllers – to afford a practical yet enhanced method for producing more realistic simulations of road‐related vibrations for package performance evaluation in the laboratory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling software evolution defects: a time series approach
Authors: Raja Uzma , Hale David P. , Hale Joanne E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science, prediction of software defects and defect patterns is and will continue to be a critically important software evolution research topic. This study presents a time series analysis of multi‐organizational multi‐project defects reported during ongoing software evolution efforts. Using data from monthly defect reports for eight open source software projects over five years, this study builds and tests time series models for each sampled project. The resulting model accounts for the ripple effects of defect detection and correction by modeling the autocorrelation of code defect data. The autoregressive integrated moving average model (0,1,1) was found to hold for all sampled projects and thus provide a basis for both descriptive and predictive software defect analysis that is computationally efficient, comprehensible, and easy to apply. The model may be used to evaluate and compare the reliability of candidate software solutions, and to facilitate planning for software evolution budget and time allocation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.