bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predictive of cardiac events and restenosis after sirolimus‐eluting stent implantation in small coronary arteries
Authors: Lee Cheol Whan , Suh Jon , Lee Se‐Whan , Park Duk‐Woo , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Kim Young‐Hak , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Kim Jae‐Joong , Park Seong‐Wook , Park, Seung‐Jung 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectives:Predictors of cardiac events and restenosis after sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) implantation in small coronary arteries were evaluated.Background:Although SES implantation has markedly reduced the risk of restenosis, small vessel disease remains a major cause of SES failure.Methods:We prospectively investigated the factors predictive of cardiac events and restenosis in 1,092 consecutive patients who received SES implantation for 1,269 lesions in small coronary arteries (≤2.8 mm). Follow‐up angiography at 6 months was performed in 751 patients with 889 lesions (follow‐up rate 70.3%).Results:Restenosis (diameter stenosis ≥ 50%) was angiographically documented in 65 patients with 77 lesions (8.7%): 55 focal (71.4%), 8 diffuse (10.4%), 2 diffuse proliferative (2.6%), and 12 total (15.6%). Lesion length, stent length, reference artery size, and in‐stent restenotic lesions were univariate predictors of restenosis. By multivariate analysis, lesion length (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.05; P < 0.001) and in‐stent restenotic lesions (OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.80–6.35; P < 0.001) were significant independent predictors of restenosis. During follow‐up (23.2 ± 7.9 months), there were 17 deaths (5 cardiac and 12 noncardiac), 5 nonfatal Q‐wave myocardial infarctions, and 42 target lesion revascularizations. The cumulative probability of survival without major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was (96.6 ± 0.6)% at 1 year and (95.1 ± 0.7)% at 2 years. In multivariate analysis, lesion length (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.07; P = 0.004) and in‐stent restenotic lesions (HR 3.29; 95% CI 1.58–6.86; P = 0.001) were independently related to MACE.Conclusions:SES implantation in small coronary arteries is safe and effective, with lesion length having a major impact on restenosis and MACE. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of radial versus femoral approach for percutaneous coronary interventions in octogenarians
Authors: Jaffe Ronen , Hong Tony , Sharieff Waseem , Chisholm Robert J. , Kutryk Michael J.B. , Charron Thierry , Cheema Asim N. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground: The safety and efficacy of a radial approach for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in octogenarians is not well established. Methods: To evaluate the benefits of a radial approach for preventing vascular complications after PCI, clinical, procedural, and outcome data were prospectively collected and compared for 228 octogenarians undergoing elective PCI either through a radial or a femoral approach. Results: Radial approach was associated with longer cannulation (3.1 ± 2.9 vs. 2.0 ± 2.0 min, P < 0.001) and fluoroscopy times (19.3 ± 16.1 vs. 16.1 ± 11.8 min, P = 0.04), greater utilization of contrast media (224 ± 46 vs. 182 ± 20 ml, P < 0.001) and higher crossover rate (11 vs 4%, P = 0.03) to alternate access site compared with the femoral approach. However, ambulation time (5.2 ± 3.1 vs. 11.6 ± 6.3 hr, P < 0.001), access site bleeding (4 vs. 14%, P = 0.007), hematoma (1 vs. 11%, P = 0.001) or any vascular complication (5 vs 26%, P = 0.001) were significantly reduced with a radial approach. Procedural success rates were equivalent with both approaches. Multivariate regression analysis identified radial approach (OR = 0.23; CI = 0.08, 0.65) as an independent negative predictor of postprocedural vascular complications. Conclusion: Radial approach for PCI in octogenarians is technically challenging for the operator and exposes patients to greater volume of nephrotoxic contrast media. However, it results in early ambulation and significantly reduces vascular complications in this high risk population. These findings support a strategy of preprocedural risk assessment and use of radial approach for PCI in a select group of octogenarians to maximize benefits offered by this technique. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stent fracture: An unusual cause of late restenosis after sirolimus‐eluting stent placement
Authors: Mehrle Anderson , Skelton Thomas , Almonacid Alexandra 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStent fracture is uncommon but may have consequences including restenosis. To date, stent fractures reported have been related to aggressive post dilation. We describe a case that involves fracture of a stent deployed to nominal pressure. Unlike most stent fractures reported that involve stent struts only our case demonstrated circumferential disruption with complete separation of the stent segments. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial defect in small children
Authors: Cardenas L. , Panzer J. , Boshoff D. , Malekzadeh‐Milani S. , Ovaert C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective: To assess safety and efficacy of transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in small children. Background: Percutaneous closure of ASD is a well accepted alternative to surgery. Reported experience in small children remains, however, scarce. Methods: Fifty‐two children underwent percutaneous ASD closure at a weight ≤15 kg, in four Belgian tertiary referral paediatric cardiology centers. Indication for treatment, device implantation rate, procedural details, complication rate, residual shunt on echocardiography, and impact of procedure on symptoms were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Mean age at procedure was 36 months (7–60), mean weight 13 kg (4.7–15). Associated cardiac lesions were seen in 21% of the patients and noncardiac in 32.7%. Most patients (69.2%) were symptomatic. Mean ASD size was 12 mm (range 5–20 mm). A device could be inserted in 49 patients (94%). No major complications occurred. Minor complications occurred in 8 patients (15.4%) including device embolization in 2, successfully treated with transcatheter retrieval and second device insertion. Mean follow‐up reached 27 months (0.03–61.2). Residual shunt was absent, trivial, or small in 93% (n = 42) at latest follow‐up. Clinical improvement was noted in 91.7% of the symptomatic patients. Minor complications were more frequent in the presence of large ASDs (>15 mm) but not in smaller babies (<10 kg). Conclusion: Patients ≤15 kg requiring ASD closure form a special population with high incidence of associated anomalies and medical conditions. For this particular set of patients, percutaneous closure is a valid alternative. Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic children should be treated at a later age. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioseparation of extended metal atom chain complexes: Unique compounds of extraordinarily high specific rotation
Authors: Warnke Molly M. , Cotton F. Albert , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractExtended metal atom chains (EMACs) contain a linear metal chain wrapped by various ligands. Most complexes are of the form M3(dpa)4X2, where M = metal, dpa = 2,2′‐dipyridylamide, and X = various anions. The ligands form helical coils about the metal chain, which results in chiral EMAC complexes. The EMACs containing the metals Co and Cu were partially separated in polar organic mode using a vancomycin‐based chiral stationary phase. Under similar conditions, two EMACs with Ni metal and varying anions could be baseline separated. The polar organic mode was used because of the instability of the compounds in aqueous mobile phases. Also, these conditions are more conducive to preparative separations. Polarimetric measurements on the resolved enantiomers of Ni3(dpa)4Cl2 indicate that they have extraordinarily high specific rotations (on the order of 5000 deg cc/g dm). Chirality, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Route‐dependent stereoselective pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its activeO‐demethylated metabolite in rats
Authors: Parasrampuria Ridhi , Vuppugalla Ragini , Elliott Katherine , Mehvar Reza 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effects of route of administration on the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of tramadol (T) and its active metabolite (M1) were studied in rats. A single 20 mg/kg dose of racemic T was administered through intravenous, intraperitoneal, or oral route to different groups of rats, and blood and urine samples were collected. Samples were analyzed using chiral chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± SD) were estimated by noncompartmental methods. Following intravenous injection, there was no stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of T. Both enantiomers showed clearance values (62.5 ± 27.2 and 64.4 ± 39.0 ml/min/kg for (+)‐ and (−)‐T, respectively) that were equal or higher than the reported liver blood flow in rats. Similar to T, the area under the plasma concentration–time curves (AUCs) of M1 did not exhibit stereoselectivity after intravenous administration of the parent drug. However, the systemic availability of (+)‐T was significantly (P< 0.05) higher than that of its antipode following intraperitoneal (0.527 ± 0.240 vs. 0.373 ± 0.189) and oral (0.307 ± 0.136 vs. 0.159 ± 0.115) administrations. The AUC of the M1 enantiomers, on the other hand, remained mostly nonstereoselective regardless of the route of administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of oral T is due to stereoselective first pass metabolism in the liver and, possibly, in the gastrointestinal tract. The direction and extent of stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of T and M1 in rats were in agreement with those previously reported in humans, suggesting that the rat may be a suitable model for enantioselective studies of T pharmacokinetics. Chirality, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding Binding Selectivity toward Trypsin and Factor Xa: the Role of Aromatic Interactions
Authors: Di Fenza Armida , Heine Andreas , Koert Ulrich , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA congeneric series of four bis‐benzamidine inhibitors sharing a dianhydrosugar isosorbide scaffold in common has been studied by crystal structure analysis and enzyme kinetics with respect to their binding to trypsin and factor Xa. Within the series, aromatic interactions are an important determinant for selectivity discrimination among both serine proteases. To study the selectivity‐determining features in detail, we used trypsin mutants in which the original binding site is gradually substituted to finally resemble the factor Xa binding pocket. The influence of these mutations has been analyzed on the binding of the closely related inhibitors. We present the crystal structures of the inhibitor complexes obtained by co‐crystallizing an “intermediate” trypsin mutant. They could be determined to a resolution of up to 1.2 Å, and we measured the inhibitory activity (Ki) of each ligand against factor Xa, trypsin, and the various mutants. From these data we were able to derive a detailed structure–activity relationship which demonstrates the importance of aromatic interactions in protein–ligand recognition and their role in modulating enzyme selectivity. Pronounced preference is experienced to accommodate the benzamidine anchor withmetatopology in the S1specificity pocket. One ligand possessing onlyparatopology deviates strongly from the other members of the series and adopts a distinct binding mode addressing the S1′ site instead of the distal S3/S4binding pocket.
Characterisation of the Binding of Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs to Phospholipid Bilayers Using Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Nussio Matthew R. , Sykes Matthew J. , Miners John O. , Shapter Joseph G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe interactions of three cationic amphiphilic drugs (CPZ, AMI, PROP) with phospholipid vesicles comprising DOPC, DMPC, or DSPC were investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Responses for CAD concentrations in the range 15.625 to 1500 μM were measured. The greatest uptake by each phospholipid bilayer occurred with CPZ. Inclusion of CAD concentrations between 750 and 1500 μM provided evidence for a second nonsaturable binding process, which may arise from intercalation of the drugs within the lipid bilayer. CAD binding was additionally shown to be dependent on membrane fluidity. Responses were initially fitted over a concentration range of 15.625 to 500 μM using a model which incorporated terms for a saturable binding site. This yielded very poor values of KD and nonsensible values of saturation responses. Subsequently, responses were fit to the expression for a model which incorporated terms for both a saturable binding site and second nonsaturable site. Measurable binding affinities (KD values ranged from 170 to 814 μM) were obtained for DOPC and DMPC bilayers which are similar to values reported previously. This work demonstrates that SPR studies with synthetic phospholipid bilayers provide a potentially useful approach for characterising drug–membrane binding interactions and for providing insight into the processes that contribute to drug–membrane binding.
Hofmeister Effects on Poly(NIPAM) Microgel Particles: Macroscopic Evidence of Ion Adsorption and Changes in Water Structure
Authors: López‐León Teresa , Elaïssari Abdelhamid , Ortega‐Vinuesa Juan Luis , Bastos‐González Delfi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe term Hofmeister effects is broadly used to refer to ionic specificities in many different physical, chemical and biological phenomena. The origin of this ionic specificity is sought in two interdependent microscopic sources: 1) the peculiarities of the solvent structure near surfaces and around the ions, and 2) specific ion adsorption–exclusion mechanisms near a surface. In this work, Hofmeister effects on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) [poly(NIPAM)]‐based microgels are examined. Poly(NIPAM) particles are thermally sensitive microgels exhibiting volume‐phase transitions with temperature. This temperature‐sensitive system seems to be suitable for the independent observation of the two microscopic sources of Hofmeister effects. On the one hand, volume‐phase transition, evaluated by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), gives information about how the presence of ions changes the water structure around the poly(NIPAM) chains. On the other hand, electrokinetic studies show relevant data about ionic adsorption–exclusion phenomena at the polymer surface.
Cloning and characterization of scale β‐keratins in the differentiating epidermis of geckoes show they are glycine‐proline‐serine–rich proteins with a central motif homologous to avian β‐keratins
Authors: Dalla Valle Luisa , Nardi Alessia , Toffolo Vania , Niero Cristiana , Toni Mattia , Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe β‐keratins constitute the hard epidermis and adhesive setae of gecko lizards. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of β‐keratins in epidermis of gecko lizards were cloned from mRNAs. Specific oligonucleotides were used to amplify by 3′‐ and 5′‐rapid amplification of cDNA ends analyses five specific gecko β‐keratin cDNA sequences. The cDNA coding sequences encoded putative glycine‐proline‐serine–rich proteins of 16.8–18 kDa containing 169–191 amino acids, especially 17.8–23% glycine, 8.4–14.8% proline, 14.2–18.1% serine. Glycine‐rich repeats are localized toward the initial and end regions of the protein, while a central region, rich in proline, has a strand conformation (β‐pleated fold) likely responsible for the formation of β‐keratin filaments. It shows high homology with a core region of other lizard keratins, avian scale, and feather keratins. Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis show a higher β‐keratin gene expression in regenerating epidermis compared with normal epidermis. In situ hybridization confirms that mRNAs for these proteins are expressed in cells of the differentiating oberhautchen cells and β‐cells. Expression in adhesive setae of climbing lamellae was shown by RT‐PCR. Southern blotting analysis revealed that the proteins are encoded by a multigene family. PCR analysis showed that the genes are presumably located in tandem along the DNA and are transcribed from the same DNA strand like in avian β‐keratins. Developmental Dynamics 236:374–388, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporomandibular joint formation and condyle growth require Indian hedgehog signaling
Authors: Shibukawa Yoshihiro , Young Blanche , Wu Changshan , Yamada Satoru , Long Fanxin , Pacifici Maurizio , Koyama Eiki 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is essential for jaw function, but the mechanisms regulating its development remain poorly understood. Because Indian hedgehog (Ihh) regulates trunk and limb skeletogenesis, we studied its possible roles in TMJ development. In wild‐type mouse embryos, Ihh expression was already strong in condylar cartilage by embryonic day (E) 15.5, and expression of Ihh receptors and effector genes (Gli1, Gli2, Gli3, and PTHrP) indicated that Ihh range of action normally reached apical condylar tissue layers, including polymorphic chondroprogenitor layer and articular disc primordia. In Ihh−/− embryos, TMJ development was severely compromised. Condylar cartilage growth, polymorphic cell proliferation, and PTHrP expression were all inhibited, and growth plate organization and chondrocyte gene expression patterns were abnormal. These severe defects were partially corrected in double Ihh−/−/Gli3−/− mutants, signifying that Ihh action is normally modulated and delimited by Gli3 and Gli3R in particular. Both single and double mutants, however, failed to form an articular disc primordium, normally appreciable as an independent condensation between condylar apex and neighboring developing temporal bone in wild‐type. This failure persisted at later stages, leading to complete absence of a normal functional disc and lubricin‐expressing joint cavities. In summary, Ihh is very important for TMJ development, where it appears to regulate growth and elongation events, condylar cartilage phenotype, and chondroprogenitor cell function. Absence of articular disc and joint cavities in single and double mutants points to irreplaceable Ihh roles in formation of those critical TMJ components. Developmental Dynamics 236:426–434, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential gene expression patterns in porcine nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with fetal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kumar B. Mohana , Jin Hai‐Feng , Kim Jung‐Gon , Ock Sun‐A , Hong Yonggeun , Balasubramanian S. , Choe Sang‐Yong , Rho Gyu‐Jin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe present study compared the developmental ability and gene expression pattern at 4‐cell, 8‐cell, morula, and blastocyst stages of porcine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos from fetal fibroblasts (FFs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in vitro fertilized (IVF), and in vivo derived embryos. MSC‐NT embryos showed enhanced blastocyst formation, higher total cell number, and a low incidence of apoptosis compared to FF‐NT embryos. Alterations in the expression pattern of genes implicated in transcription and pluripotency (Oct4, Stat3, Nanog), DNA methylation (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a), histone deacetylation (Hdac2), growth factor signaling, and imprinting (Igf2, Igf2r) and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl2) regulation were observed in NT embryos. The expression of transcripts in MSC‐NT embryos more closely followed that of the in vivo derived embryos compared with FF‐NT embryos. In conclusion, MSCs with a relatively undifferentiated genome might serve as suitable donors that could be more efficiently reprogrammed to re‐activate expression of early embryonic genes in porcine NT. Developmental Dynamics 236:435–446, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional time‐lapse microscopic magnetic resonance imaging of Xenopus gastrulation movements using intrinsic tissue‐specific contrast
Authors: Papan Cyrus , Boulat Benoit , Velan S. Sendhil , Fraser Scott E. , Jacobs Russell E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe amphibian embryo undergoes radical tissue transformations during blastula and gastrula stages, but live observation of internal morphogenetic events by optical microscopy is not feasible due to the opacity of the early embryo. Here, we report on the use of microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to directly follow morphogenetic movements during blastula and gastrula stages of the Xenopus laevis embryo. We compare three different MRI modalities that take advantage of the intrinsic contrast present in embryonic tissues: three‐dimensional (3D) fat‐imaging, 3D water‐imaging, and 2D high‐speed high‐resolution imaging of early embryonic stages. We show that the features revealed by the intrinsic contrast correlate with the histological structure of the embryo. Using this tissue specific intrinsic contrast, the main embryonic tissues and internal tissue movements as well as archenteron invagination can be differentiated without cell labeling. We present 2D and 3D time‐lapse sequences of early Xenopus embryonic development, spanning the stages from early blastula to the end of gastrula, which show the complex internal rearrangements of gastrulation in essentially real‐time. Developmental Dynamics 236:494–501, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternally imprinted microRNAs are differentially expressed during mouse and human lung development
Authors: Williams Andrew E. , Moschos Sterghios A. , Perry Mark M. , Barnes Peter J. , Lindsay Mark A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of noncoding genes that regulate the translation of target mRNA. More than 300 miRNAs have now been discovered in humans, although the function of most is still unknown. A highly sensitive, semiquantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction method was used to reveal the differential expression of several miRNAs during the development of both mouse and human lung. Of note was the up‐regulation in neonatal mouse and fetal human lung of a maternally imprinted miRNA cluster located at human chromosome 14q32.31 (mouse chromosome 12F2), which includes the miR‐154 and miR‐335 families and is situated within the Gtl2‐Dio3 domain. Conversely, several miRNAs were up‐regulated in adult compared with neonatal/fetal lung, including miR‐29a and miR‐29b. Differences in the spatial expression patterns of miR‐154, miR‐29a, and miR‐26a was demonstrated using in situ hybridization of mouse neonatal and adult tissue using miRNA‐specific locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes. Of interest, miR‐154 appeared to be localized to the stroma of fetal but not adult lungs. The overall expression profile was similar for mouse and human tissue, suggesting evolutionary conservation of miRNA expression during lung development and demonstrating the importance of maternally imprinted miRNAs in the developmental process. Developmental Dynamics 236:572–580, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.