bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic behavior of tall buildings under wind: insights from full‐scale monitoring
Authors: Kijewski‐Correa Tracy , Pirnia J. David 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe wind‐induced response of tall buildings is inherently sensitive to structural dynamic properties like frequency and damping ratio. The latter parameter in particular is fraught with uncertainty in the design stage and may result in a built structure whose acceleration levels exceed design predictions. This reality has motivated the need to monitor tall buildings in full‐scale. This paper chronicles the authors' experiences in the analysis of full‐scale dynamic response data from tall buildings around the world, including full‐scale datasets from high rises in Boston, Chicago, and Seoul. In particular, this study focuses on the effects of coupling, beat phenomenon, amplitude dependence, and structural system type on dynamic properties, as well as correlating observed periods of vibration against finite element predictions. The findings suggest the need for time–frequency analyses to identify coalescing modes and the mechanisms spurring them. The study also highlighted the effect of this phenomenon on damping values, the overestimates that can result due to amplitude dependence, as well as the comparatively larger degree of energy dissipation experienced by buildings dominated by frame action. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bahrain World Trade Center (BWTC): the first large‐scale integration of wind turbines in a building
Authors: Smith Richard F. , Killa Shaun 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the design evolution of the large‐scale wind turbines proposed for the Bahrain Trade Center. It will describe the details of the wind turbines and their control, showing how several innovative ideas have come together and have been technically validated to produce the design for this unique building. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of complex geometry on Tall Towers
Authors: Scott David , Farnsworth David , Jackson Matt , Clark Matt 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdvancements in the application of computational capabilities to the design and analysis of building structures has enabled the realization of tall buildings with complex geometries. This paper explores some of the design issues and tools used to achieve cost effective solutions for tall, tapering, twisting, or leaning towers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delta‐NT and center‐specific ultrasound nuchal translucency medians
Authors: Santiago J. C. , Ramos‐Corpas D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectivesTwo methods have been proposed for standardizing measures of nuchal translucency thickness (NT) for risk calculation in first‐trimester screening for chromosomal defects: differential delta NT (delta‐NT) and multiples of the median (MoM) of NT. There is currently some debate as to which of these is more appropriate. The aims of this study were to determine whether delta‐NT could be extrapolated successfully from one center‐specific NT reference curve to another and thus to empirically calculate the likelihood ratios (LRs) of delta‐NT.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of a database of 4248 singleton pregnancies, including 13 cases of Down syndrome. The delta‐NT was extrapolated to the reference curve of the NT values of the original group of patients for whom the LRs were calculated empirically, using a scale factor. The Down syndrome risk was calculated by standardizing the NT, using both extrapolated delta‐NT and MoM methods, both for the screening based on maternal age and NT alone, and for the combined screening, in which biochemical markers are also taken into account. We analyzed detection rates and false positives, the precision of the risk prediction obtained by each of the methods and the effectiveness when each of the methods was used with a cut‐off point based on a fixed post‐test risk.ResultsThe risk calculation using extrapolated delta‐NT presented an effectiveness profile that was similar to that obtained using MoMs, both when NT was used as the sole marker and when it was used in combination with biochemical markers. The precision of the risk prediction was similar with both methods.ConclusionsDelta‐NT can be extrapolated for use in risk calculation between two populations with different distributions and medians of NT values. The precision of the risk estimate obtained is similar to that derived using MoMs. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frontomaxillary and mandibulomaxillary facial angles at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks in fetuses with trisomy 18
Authors: Borenstein M. , Persico N. , Strobl I. , Sonek J. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo define the relative position of the maxilla and mandible in fetuses with trisomy 18 at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation.MethodsA three‐dimensional (3D) volume of the fetal head was obtained before karyotyping at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation in 36 fetuses subsequently found to have trisomy 18, and 200 chromosomally normal fetuses. The frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angle and the mandibulomaxillary facial (MMF) angle were measured in a mid‐sagittal view of the fetal face.ResultsIn the chromosomally normal group both the FMF and MMF angles decreased significantly with crown–rump length (CRL). In the trisomy 18 fetuses the FMF angle was significantly greater and the angle was above the 95th centile of the normal range in 21 (58.3%) cases. In contrast, in trisomy 18 fetuses the MMF angle was significantly smaller than that in normal fetuses and the angle was below the 5th centile of the normal range in 12 (33.3%) cases.ConclusionsTrisomy 18 at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation is associated with both mid‐facial hypoplasia and micrognathia or retrognathia that can be documented by measurement of the FMF angle and MMF angle, respectively. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Modification of Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil to Improve its Functional Properties for Candles
Authors: Wang Liping , Wang Tong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPartially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO) has recently been used to make vegetable oil‐based candles. However, its use is limited primarily to container candles because of its inherent physical properties, such as brittleness when a hard material is produced, and greasiness when it is soft by low degree of hydrogenation. Such material lacks the most desired cohesiveness and elasticity compared to the commercial petroleum paraffin and beeswax. To improve the cohesiveness and thermal properties of PHVO, epoxidation, ring‐opening reaction, and esterification were conducted to introduce new functional groups into the fatty acyl chain of PHVO. These newly synthesized derivatives or waxes were also mixed with the fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FHSO) or PHVO base materials. Hardness and cohesiveness of the new waxes and the mixtures were measured with a texture analyzer. Their thermal properties were analyzed with a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the introduction of hydroxyl (OH) group significantly improved the cohesiveness of PHVO. The melting range of PHVO also increased after the reactions. However, the hardness of the new wax was lower than those of commercial paraffin wax or beeswax. For wax mixtures, the hardness of dihydroxy wax was significantly improved by the addition of FHSO, however, the cohesiveness was negatively affected by the amount of FHSO added. Both the melting and the crystallization ranges were widened by mixing the derivatives with the base materials.
Sedation protocols for Ponseti clubfoot Achilles tenotomy
Authors: Bor Noam , Katz Yeshayahu , Vofsi Oded , Herzenberg John E. , Zuckerberg Aaron L. 
Published: November 2007

Purpose Ponseti clubfoot management requires percutaneous tenotomy in 90% of cases, typically with local anesthesia. We report two light sedation protocols for outpatient tenotomy. Methods Operating room protocol: 24 patients (36 club feet; mean age at tenotomy, 70 days) underwent mask induction with oxygen/nitrous oxide. Pediatric intensive care unit protocol: five patients (eight club feet; mean age at tenotomy, 119 days) underwent intravenous propofol infusion with supplemental oxygen. Results All patients were discharged several hours after surgery with no complications. Anesthesia that is administered intravenously might have less risk of bronchial reaction than anesthesia that is administered by inhalation. Conclusions Our light sedation protocols offer safe alternatives to general anesthesia. Disadvantages include increased cost when compared with local anesthesia. Light sedation can be used effectively and has advantages when treating older infants who might struggle while under local anesthesia.
The Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire adapted for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients in China: Reliability and validity analysis
Authors: Zhao Li , Zhang Yong , Sun Xiaotang , Du Qing , Shang Lei 
Published: November 2007

Study design Outcome investigation to verify the internal consistency, reproducibility and validity of the adapted Chinese version of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with idiopathic scoliosis. Objective To develop this questionnaire for the outcome measurement in treating Chinese adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and evaluate its metric qualities. Summary of background data The SRS-22 questionnaire has proven to be a valid instrument for clinical assessment of patients with idiopathic scoliosis and has been successfully translated into Spanish and Turkish. In most developing countries, however, quality of life and psychological health have been poorly described when treating children with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods Trans-cultural adaptation of the SRS-22 questionnaire was carried out according to the International Quality of Life Assessment Project guidelines. The final version was approved by a committee of experts. The questionnaire was completed by 86 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis who had been treated with a brace; this included 11 males and 75 females, aged from 10 to 18 years (mean 13.9 years). Curve magnitude ranged from 25° to 45° (mean 35.6°). A subgroup of 30 patients completed the questionnaire again in 3 or 4 weeks. Results Five common factors were acquired from factorial analysis, and the cumulative contribution ratio was 67.66%. The overall alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.88. Coefficients for individual domains were as follows: function/activity, 0.70; pain, 0.80; self-image, 0.80; mental health, 0.88; and satisfaction, 0.81. The questionnaire as a whole had a test–retest correlation coefficient of 0.97. Test–retest correlation coefficients for individual domains were as follows: function, 0.85; pain, 0.96; self-image, 0.96; mental health, 0.95; and satisfaction, 0.91. Conclusion The Chinese version of the SRS-22 questionnaire is eligible in terms of reliability and validity, and can be used to measure HRQoL for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients in Mainland China.
Fish oil attenuates adrenergic overactivity without altering glucose metabolism during an oral glucose load in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Delarue Jacques , Guillodo Marie-Paule , Guillerm Sophie , Elbaz Anthony , Marty Yanic , Clèdes Jacques 
Published: November 2007

Haemodialysis patients display an increased cardiac mortality, which may be partly related to increased sympathoadrenal activity and insulin resistance. Fish oil decreases adrenal activation induced by mental stress and has an insulin sensitizing effect in healthy subjects. Whole-body glucose metabolism after oral glucose was studied in eight haemodialysis patients before and after a 3-week oral fish oil supplementation (i.e. EPA + DHA at 1·8 g/d). Plasma glucose fluxes were traced by using [6,6-2H2]glucose infusion. Substrate oxidation was determined by using indirect calorimetry. Each patient was studied in the basal state and over the 6 h following absorption of a 1 g/kg glucose load. Energy expenditure in response to glucose re-increased over the last 2 h of the experiment (P < 0·05), which coincided with an increase in plasma catecholamines, especially epinephrine (P < 0·05), strongly suggesting a sympathoadrenal overactivity. Fish oil supplementation blunted both re-increase in thermogenic response and concomitant increase in plasma epinephrine, but not in plasma norepinephrine, over the last 2 h of the experiment. Fish oil did not alter either whole-body glucose metabolism or substrate oxidation. These data show that in haemodialysis patients, fish oil attenuates adrenal overactivity induced by oral glucose but does not modulate whole-body glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Multivitamin and dietary supplements, body weight and appetite: results from a cross-sectional and a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: Major Geneviève C. , Doucet Eric , Jacqmain Mélanie , St-Onge Myriam , Bouchard Claude , Tremblay Angelo 
Published: November 2007

Two studies were conducted to compare characteristics of consumers and non-consumers of vitamin and/or dietary supplements (study 1) and to assess the effect of a multivitamin and mineral supplementation during a weight-reducing programme (study 2). Body weight and composition, energy expenditure, and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire scores were compared between consumers and non-consumers of micronutrients and/or dietary supplements in the Québec Family Study (study 1). In study 2, these variables and appetite ratings (visual analogue scales) were measured in forty-five obese non-consumers of supplements randomly assigned to a double-blind 15-week energy restriction ( − 2930 kJ/d) combined with a placebo or with a multivitamin and mineral supplement. Compared with non-consumers, male consumers of vitamin and/or dietary supplements had a lower body weight (P < 0·01), fat mass (P < 0·05), BMI (P < 0·05), and a tendency for greater resting energy expenditure (P = 0·06). In women, the same differences were observed but not to a statistically significant extent. In addition, female supplements consumers had lower disinhibition and hunger scores (P < 0·05). In study 2, body weight was significantly decreased after the weight-loss intervention (P < 0·001) with no difference between treatment groups. However, fasting and postprandial appetite ratings were significantly reduced in multivitamin and mineral-supplemented women (P < 0·05). Usual vitamin and/or dietary supplements consumption and multivitamin and mineral supplementation during a weight-reducing programme seems to have an appetite-related effect in women. However, lower body weight and fat were more detectable in male than in female vitamin and/or dietary supplements consumers.
Islamism and Social Reform in Kerala, South India
Authors: OSELLA FILIPPO , OSELLA CAROLINE 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper critiques ethnographic tendencies to idealise and celebratesufi‘traditionalism’ as authentically South Asian. We perceive strong academic trends of frank distaste for reformism, which is then inaccurately—and dangerously buttressing Hindutva rhetoric—branded as going against the grain of South Asian society. This often goes along with (inaccurate) branding of all reformism as ‘foreign inspired’ orwah'habi. Kerala'sMujahids(Kerala Naduvathul Mujahideen [KNM]) are clearly part of universalistic trends and shared Islamic impulses towards purification. We acknowledge the importance to KNM of longstanding links to the Arab world, contemporary links to the Gulf, wider currents of Islamic reform (both global and Indian), while also showing how reformism has been producing itself locally since the mid-19th century. Reformist enthusiasm is part of Kerala-wide patterns discernable across all religious communities: 1920s and 1930s agitations for a break from the 19th century past; 1950s post-independence social activism; post 1980s religious revivalism. Kerala's Muslims (like Kerala Hindus and Christians) associate religious reformism with: a self-consciously ‘modern’ outlook; the promotion of education; rallying of support from the middle classes. There is a concomitant contemporary association of orthoprax traditionalism with ‘backward’, superstitious and un-modern practices, troped as being located in rural and low-status locations.
Memory-guided saccade abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their healthy, full biological siblings
Authors: Landgraf S. , Amado I. , Bourdel M.-C. , Leonardi S. , Krebs M.-O. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundOcular-motor inhibition errors and saccadic hypometria occur at elevated rates in biological relatives of schizophrenic patients. The memory-guided saccade (MS) paradigm requires a subject to inhibit reflexive saccades (RSs) and to programme a delayed saccade towards a remembered target.MethodMS, RS, and central fixation (CF) tasks were administered to 16 patients who met the criteria for DSM-IV schizophrenia, 19 of their psychiatrically healthy siblings, and 18 controls.ResultsPatients and siblings showed elevated MS error rates reflecting a failure to inhibit RSs to a visible target, as required by the task. In contrast to controls, prior errors did not improve MS accuracy in patients and siblings.ConclusionsThe specific characteristics of the elevated MS error rate help to clarify the nature of the disinhibition impairment found in schizophrenics and their healthy siblings. Failure to inhibit premature saccades and to improve the accuracy of subsequent volitional saccades implicates a deficit in spatial working-memory integration, mental representation and/or motor learning processes in schizophrenia.
Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for non-recovery from common mental disorder: results from the longitudinal follow-up of the National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey
Authors: Haynes J. C. , Farrell M. , Singleton N. , Meltzer H. , Araya R. , Lewis G. , Wiles N. J. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundAlcohol is commonly considered to be associated with persistence of common mental disorder (CMD; anxiety/depression). However no community-based longitudinal studies have investigated the direction of causality.MethodWe examined the association between alcohol consumption and recovery from CMD using data on 706 community-based subjects with CMD who were followed for 18 months. Alcohol consumption at baseline was defined as hazardous drinking [Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) ⩾8], binge drinking (defined as six or more units of alcohol on one occasion, approximately two to three pints of commercially sold beer) and dependence.ResultsWhen compared with a non-binge-drinking group, non-recovery at follow-up was associated with binge drinking on at least a monthly basis at baseline, although the confidence interval (CI) included unity [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.47, 95% CI 0.89–2.45]. There was also weak evidence that alcohol dependence was associated with non-recovery (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.67–2.81). There was little evidence to support hazardous drinking as a risk factor for non-recovery (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.67–1.88).ConclusionsBinge drinking may be a potential risk factor for non-recovery from CMD, although the possibility of no effect cannot be excluded. Larger studies are required to refute or confirm this finding.
Pathways to suicidality across ethnic groups in Canadian adults: the possible role of social stress
Authors: Clarke D. E. , Colantonio A. , Rhodes A. E. , Escobar M. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundEthnicity is an important determinant of mental health outcomes including suicidality (i.e. suicidal ideation and suicide attempt). Understanding ethnic differences in the pathways to suicidality is important for suicide prevention efforts in ethnically diverse populations. These pathways can be conceptualized within a social stress framework.MethodThe study examines ethnic differences in the pathways to suicidality in Canada within a social stress framework. Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.1 (CCHS 1.1) and path analysis, we examined the hypotheses that variations in (1) socio-economic status (SES), (2) sense of community belonging (SCB), (3) SES and SCB combined, and (4) SES, SCB and clinical factors combined can explain ethnic differences in suicidality.ResultsFrancophone whites and Aboriginals were more likely to report suicidality compared to Anglophone whites whereas visible minorities and Foreign-born whites were least likely. Disadvantages in income, income and education, income and its combined effect with depression and alcohol dependence/abuse led to high rates even among the low-risk visible minority group. Indirect pathways for Asians differed from that of Blacks and South Asians, specifically through SCB. With the exception of SCB, Aboriginals were most disadvantaged, which exacerbated their risk for suicidality. However, their strong SCB buffered the risk for suicidality across pathways. Disadvantages in education, income and SCB were associated with the high risk for suicidality in Francophone whites.ConclusionsFrancophone whites and Aboriginals had higher odds of suicidality compared to Anglophone whites; however, some pathways differed, indicating the need for targeted program planning and prevention efforts.
THE LOGICAL STRUCTURE OF PHILOSOPHICAL ERRORS
Authors: HARSANYI JOHN C. 
Published: November 2007

Philosophical errors are errors of a very peculiar nature.Obviously, errors occur in the different areas of science, as well as in everyday life. But these errors are sooner or later recognized and exposed, and – most importantly – once they are recognized and exposed, they are essentially rendered harmless, at least for those versed in the respective discipline. A false historical datum, an experimental error or a calculation mistake becomes indefensible as soon as it is noticed.
A RESPONSE TO DASGUPTA
Authors: PUTNAM HILARY , WALSH VIVIAN 
Published: November 2007

The present note will be concerned only with Sir Partha Dasgupta's recent article in this journal (Dasgupta 2005). What is more, it will concentrate on those parts of the article which contain a serious misreading of Hilary Putnam's position on the entanglement of facts, theories and values. These philosophical matters can perhaps be clarified for economist readers (they should require no clarification for philosophers) by considering, to begin with, Dasgupta's interpretation of the Bergson–Samuelson position. What (Bergson) Burk (1938) and Samuelson (1947) were doing, according to Dasgupta, was to establish ‘the ethical foundations of the subject. . .over five decades ago’ (Dasgupta 2005: 221–2).2 Thus a major theme of the article is heard at once: economics is supposedly based on sound ethical foundations, and these can be traced (it is supposed) to specific work written long ago, and hence needing no augmentation. These ethical foundations, it is claimed, ‘are now regarded to be a settled matter’ (2005: 222).