bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between physical activity and development in preschool-aged children born <30 weeks’ gestation: a cohort study
Authors: FitzGerald Tara L , Cameron Kate L , Albesher Reem A , Mentiplay Benjamin F , Mainzer Rheanna M , Burnett Alice C , Treyvaud Karli , Clark Ross A , Anderson Peter J , Cheong Jeanie LY , Doyle Lex W , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on development (motor, cognitive, social-emotional) in children 4–5 years old born <30 weeks’ gestation, and to describe subgroups of children at risk of low PA in this cohort.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.Patients123 children born <30 weeks were recruited at birth and assessed between 4 and 5 years’ corrected age.Main outcome measuresDevelopment was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2), Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (L-DCDQ), Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (Fourth Edition; WPPSI-IV), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). To measure PA, children wore an accelerometer and parents completed a diary for 7 days. Effects of PA on developmental outcomes, and associations between perinatal risk factors and PA, were estimated using linear regression.ResultsMore accelerometer-measured PA was associated with better MABC-2 aiming and catching scores (average standard score increase per hour increase in PA: 0.54, 95% CI 0.11, 0.96; p=0.013), and lower WPPSI-IV processing speed index scores (average composite score decrease per hour increase in PA: −2.36, 95% CI −4.19 to –0.53; p=0.012). Higher accelerometer-measured PA was associated with better SDQ prosocial scores. Major brain injury in the neonatal period was associated with less moderate-vigorous and less unstructured PA at 4–5 years.ConclusionsHigher levels of PA are associated with aspects of motor, cognitive and social-emotional skill development in children 4–5 years old born <30 weeks. Those with major brain injury in the neonatal period may be more vulnerable to low PA at preschool age.
Leveraging artificial intelligence to detect ethical concerns in medical research: a case study
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Sivaramakrishnan Gowri 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundInstitutional review boards (IRBs) have been criticised for delays in approvals for research proposals due to inadequate or inexperienced IRB staff. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), has significant potential to assist IRB members in a prompt and efficient reviewing process.MethodsFour LLMs were evaluated on whether they could identify potential ethical issues in seven validated case studies. The LLMs were prompted with queries related to the proposed eligibility criteria of the study participants, vulnerability issues, information to be disclosed in the informed consent document (ICD), risk–benefit assessment and justification of the use of a placebo. Another query was issued to the LLMs to generate ICDs for these case scenarios.ResultsAll four LLMs were able to provide answers to the queries related to all seven cases. In general, the responses were homogeneous with respect to most elements. LLMs performed suboptimally in identifying the suitability of the placebo arm, risk mitigation strategies and potential risks to study participants in certain case studies with a single prompt. However, multiple prompts led to better outputs in all of these domains. Each of the LLMs included all of the fundamental elements of the ICD for all case scenarios. Use of jargon, understatement of benefits and failure to state potential risks were the key observations in the AI-generated ICD.ConclusionIt is likely that LLMs can enhance the identification of potential ethical issues in clinical research, and they can be used as an adjunct tool to prescreen research proposals and enhance the efficiency of an IRB.
Evaluation of mobile laser scanning acquisition scenarios for automated wood volume estimation in a temperate hardwood forest using quantitative structural models
Authors: Vandendaele Bastien , Martin-Ducup Olivier , Fournier Richard A. , Pelletier Gaetan 
Published: February 2024

This study explores how data from a handheld mobile laser scanning (MLS) system and quantitative structural models (QSM) can be used to estimate tree structural attributes. Four MLS acquisition scenarios were investigated in a 1 ha temperate hardwood stand, including 15 and 35 m parallel lines, nine circular plots, and a 20 m × 20 m grid. Results were compared against terrestrial laser scanning and destructive field measurements. All acquisition scenarios yielded comparable results, except for the 35 m scenario, which showed greater variability. The 20 m × 20 m grid scenario showed the highest accuracy, with an RMSE of 0.41 m (2.07%) for tree height, 3.98 cm (14.93%) for diameter at breast height, 0.21 m³ (19.28%) for merchantable wood volume, and 0.07 m³ (10.11%) for merchantable stem volume. A bias < 5% was observed for these key attributes, except for an 11.68% bias in merchantable wood volume. Overestimation of branch volume was identified as the primary source of bias related to merchantable wood volume. This study highlights MLS’s potential for accurate, non-destructive estimation of tree structural attributes, while pointing out the need to refine noise removal and to assess the most suitable acquisition scenarios for various forest types.
Fusarium head blight detection, spikelet estimation, and severity assessment in wheat using 3D convolutional neural networks
Authors: Hamila Oumaima , Henry Christopher J. , Molina Oscar I. , Bidinosti Christopher P. , Henriquez Maria Antonia 
Published: February 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most significant diseases affecting wheat and other small-grain cereals worldwide. Developing FHB-resistant cultivars is critical but requires field and greenhouse disease assessment, which are typically laborious and time consuming. In this work, we developed automated applications based on three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that detect FHB symptoms expressed in wheat, estimate the total number of spikelets versus the total number of infected spikelets on a wheat head, and subsequently calculate FHB severity index. Such tools are an important step toward the creation of automated and efficient phenotyping methods. The data used to generate the results are 3D point clouds consisting of four colour channels—red, green, blue (RGB), and near-infrared (NIR)—collected using a multispectral 3D scanner. Our 3D CNN models for FHB detection achieved 100% accuracy. The influence of the multispectral information on performance was evaluated; the results showed the dominance of the RGB channels over both the NIR (720 nm peak wavelength) and the NIR plus RGB channels combined. Our best 3D CNN models for estimation of total and infected number of spikelets achieved mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 1.13 and 1.56, respectively. Our best 3D CNN models for FHB severity estimation achieved 8.6 MAE. A linear regression analysis between the visual FHB severity assessment and the FHB severity predicted by our 3D CNN showed a significant correlation.
Nanohertz gravitational waves from supergravity inflationary model with double-inflection-point
Authors: Gao Tie-Jun , Sun Ke-Sheng , Yang Xiu-Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, the worldwide pulsar timing array(PTA) collaborations, such as the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array (CPTA), the European PulsarTiming Array (EPTA), the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) and the Parkers Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) published the analysis of PTA data, which is consistent with the Hellings–Downs curve, thus provides evidence for the existence of stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds (SGWB). In this paper, we will show that such SGWB signal observed by PTA can be explained by the gravitational waves (GWs) induced from double-inflection-point inflationary model in the framework of supergravity with a single chiral superfield. In this model, one of the inflection points leads to a large peak in the scalar power spectrum at small scales, and when this peak re-enters the horizon, it will induce GWs with the frequencies around nanohertz. In addition, we show that the high-density regions corresponding to the peak can collapse into planet-mass primordial black holes (PBHs), thus act as a component of dark matter (DM).
Einstein–Bumblebee-dilaton black hole in Lifshitz spacetimes
Authors: Lessa L. A. , Silva J. E. G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe investigate the critical behavior of Lifshitz black holes in Einstein-dilaton gravity in the context of spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking. Considering the effects of both the Bumblebee vacuum expectation value (VEV) and the fluctuations over the VEV, we obtained new asymptotically Lifshitz charged solutions in (3 + 1) dimensions. We consider the longitudinal massive mode of Lorentz violation (LV) as thermodynamic pressure, leading us to establish an $$P-V$$

P
-
V

extended phase space. Within this framework, we derive the equation of state P(T, V), and subsequently identify the critical points, which manifest as discontinuities in the specific heat at constant pressure. Following this, we compute the Gibbs free energy, revealing a first-order phase transition within the model. Finally, we determine the critical exponents, demonstrating their equivalence to those observed in the Van der Waals system.
Genetic Inroads into the Art of James Joyce
Authors: Gabler Hans Walter 
Published: February 2024

This book is a treasure trove comprising core writings from Hans Walter Gabler‘s seminal work on James Joyce, spanning fifty years from the analysis of composition he undertook towards a critical text of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, through the Critical and Synoptic Edition of Ulysses, to Gabler‘s latest essays on (appropriately enough) Joyce’s sustained artistic innovation.
Not only does this span of essays trace the evolution of Gabler’s thinking about Joyce’s originality and creative energy. It also reflects the development and maturation of Gabler‘s own genetic criticism and his methodology of genetic editing, which grows in depth and complexity across the collection. The reader will explore Joyce’s life and works through Gabler’s incisive eye, while also examining a progress of his reflections on his edition of Ulysses and the past controversy that beset it.
This classic compendium combining well-seasoned scholarship and fresh criticism is an essential read for critics of Modernism, digital humanists, scholars and students of James Joyce, and anyone interested in the art of literary analysis.
2022 CEOS International Thermal Infrared Radiometer Comparison. Part II: Field Comparison of Radiometers
Authors: Yamada Yoshiro , Harris Subrena , Wimmer Werenfrid , Holmes Raymond , Nightingale Tim , Lee Arrow , Jepsen Nis , Morgan Nicole , Göttsche Frank-M. , Niclòs Raquel , Perelló Martín , Garcia-Santos Vicente , Donlon Craig , Fox Nigel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An international comparison of field-deployed radiometers for sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) retrieval was conducted during two weeks in June 2022. The comparison comprised a laboratory comparison and a field comparison. The field comparison of the radiometers took place on the second week at a seaside pier on the south coast of England. Six thermal infrared radiometers were compared with each other while continuously viewing the closely adjacent surface of the sea from the end of the pier. This paper reports the results of this field comparison. All participants’ radiometers agreed with the reference value, evaluated as the simple mean of the participant-reported values, within the claimed uncertainties. The SSTskin variation during the 5-day period was within 3°C around 18.3°C, which is 2 times as large in range as in the previous comparison in 2016, while the mean of the difference from the reference value over the period evaluated for each participant was found to be within 0.07°C, which is a 2-times improvement on the previous results. During the comparison an insignificant but noticeable abrupt shift in measured value occurred in one of the radiometers, which could not have been detected without comparison with other instruments. This demonstrated the effectiveness of having long-term stable internal reference sources in the instrument, a feature this particular radiometer did not have. The combined results from the laboratory comparison and the field comparison contribute to improve confidence in the retrieved SSTskin.
Psychiatric disorders in childhood cancer survivors: A retrospective matched cohort study of inpatient hospitalisations and community-based mental health services utilisation in Western Australia
Authors: Abdalla Tasnim , Preen David B , Pole Jason D , Walwyn Thomas , Bulsara Max , Ives Angela , Choong Catherine S , Ohan Jeneva L 
Published: February 2024

Objective: We examined the impact of long-term mental health outcomes on healthcare services utilisation among childhood cancer survivors in Western Australia using linked hospitalisations and community-based mental healthcare records from 1987 to 2019. Method: The study cohort included 2977 childhood cancer survivors diagnosed with cancer at age < 18 years in Western Australia from 1982 to 2014 and a matched non-cancer control group of 24,994 individuals. Adjusted hazard ratios of recurrent events were estimated using the Andersen–Gill model. The cumulative burden of events over time was assessed using the method of mean cumulative count. The annual percentage change in events was estimated using the negative binomial regression model. Results: The results showed higher community-based service contacts (rate/100 person-years: 30.2, 95% confidence interval = [29.7–30.7] vs 22.8, 95% confidence interval = [22.6–22.9]) and hospitalisations (rate/1000 person-years: 14.8, 95% confidence interval = [13.6–16.0] vs 12.7, 95% confidence interval = [12.3–13.1]) in childhood cancer survivors compared to the control group. Childhood cancer survivors had a significantly higher risk of any event (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = [1.1–2.0]). The cumulative burden of events increased with time since diagnosis and across age groups. The annual percentage change for hospitalisations and service contacts significantly increased over time ( p < 0.05). Substance abuse was the leading cause of hospitalisations, while mood/affective and anxiety disorders were common causes of service contacts. Risk factors associated with increased service events included cancer diagnosis at age < 5 years, leukaemia diagnosis, high socioeconomic deprivation, and an attained age of < 18 years. Conclusions: The elevated utilisation of healthcare services observed among childhood cancer survivors emphasises the need for periodic assessment of psychiatric disorders, particularly in high-risk survivors, to facilitate early management and optimise healthcare resources.
The impact of chemical treatment and gamma-ray irradiation on the okra hessian cloth reinforced high-density polyethylene composites
Authors: Shahid Shohrawardy Mohammed Hossan , Mina Md Forhad , Alam AKM Moshiul , Khan Ruhul Amin 
Published: February 2024

Okra hessian cloth-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) thermoplastic composites were prepared and characterized with both raw and alkali-treated fibers. The fiber contents were optimized for both the raw Okra thermoplastic composites and the alkali-treated Okra thermoplastic composites, and the optimum value of fiber content was 55 wt%. Samples that were alkali-treated and had 55 wt% fibers were subsequently exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 kGy. Only the sample subjected to 5 kGy showed improved performance. Treated composites exhibited higher crystallinities than the untreated samples as observed by X-Ray diffraction analysis. The rupture surface micrographs of the composites exposed to 5 kGy gamma radiation revealed more compact than others. By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of composites, it was found that 5 kGy dose sample showed enhanced cross-linking between Okra fibers and HDPE matrix. The irradiated composite showed less water intake than the alkali-treated samples. Composites subjected to 5 kGy gamma rays showed improved tensile strength and Young’s modulus of values 66 MPa and 1925 MPa, respectively. Compared to raw and treated composites, the irradiated composites with a radiation dose of 5 kGy showed improved structural, mechanical, and thermal properties.
Using Age-Specific Rates for Parametric Survival Function Estimation in Simulation Models
Authors: Arrospide Arantzazu , Ibarrondo Oliver , Blasco-Aguado Rubén , Larrañaga Igor , Alarid-Escudero Fernando , Mar Javier 
Published: February 2024

Purpose To describe a procedure for incorporating parametric functions into individual-level simulation models to sample time to event when age-specific rates are available but not the individual data. Methods Using age-specific event rates, regression analysis was used to parametrize parametric survival distributions (Weibull, Gompertz, log-normal, and log-logistic), select the best fit using the R2 statistic, and apply the corresponding formula to assign random times to events in simulation models. We used stroke rates in the Spanish population to illustrate our procedure. Results The 3 selected survival functions (Gompertz, Weibull, and log-normal) had a good fit to the data up to 85 y of age. We selected Gompertz distribution as the best-fitting distribution due to its goodness of fit. Conclusions Our work provides a simple procedure for incorporating parametric risk functions into simulation models without individual-level data. Highlights We describe the procedure for sampling times to event for individual-level simulation models as a function of age from parametric survival functions when age-specific rates are available but not the individual data We used linear regression to estimate age-specific hazard functions, obtaining estimates of parameter uncertainty. Our approach allows incorporating parameter (second-order) uncertainty in individual-level simulation models needed for probabilistic sensitivity analysis in the absence of individual-level survival data.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Intensive Care Units Between Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Patients with Influenza: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhong Zhuan , Wang Xin , Guo Jia , Li Xingzhao , Han Yingying 
Published: February 2024

Background Severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or influenza virus can cause patients to be admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). It is necessary to understand the differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between these two types of critically ill patients. Methods We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles and performed a meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 with a random-effects model. This paper was written in strict accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Thirty-five articles involving 131,692 ICU patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 30,286 ICU patients with influenza were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with influenza patients, COVID-19 patients were more likely to be male (odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.54-1.99) and older (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.03-0.29). In terms of laboratory test results, COVID-19 patients had higher lymphocyte (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17-0.59) and platelet counts (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29-0.75) but lower creatinine (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI: −0.55-0.03) and procalcitonin levels (SMD = −0.78, 95% CI: −1.11-0.46). Diabetes (SMD = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.48) and hypertension (SMD = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05-1.60) were more prevalent in COVID-19 patients, while influenza patients were more likely to have cancer (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.44-0.62), cirrhosis (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.44-0.62), immunodepression (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.25-0.58), and chronic pulmonary diseases (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24-0.52). We also found that patients with COVID-19 had longer ICU stays (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.34), were more likely to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 4.90, 95% CI: 2.77-8.64), and had higher mortality (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.17-1.55). Conclusions There are some differences in the basic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory test results and complications between ICU patients with COVID-19 and ICU patients with influenza. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 often require more medical resources and have worse clinical outcomes. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42023452238
Caffeine Concentrations in Human Milk Donated to a Human Milk Bank in Japan
Authors: Kozai Shoko , Kato Ikuko , Mizuno Noriko , Nakamura Naho , Okada Hitoshi , Mizuno Katsumi , Kusaka Takashi 
Published: February 2024

Background: Human milk banks have been established to provide human milk to preterm infants who are unable to obtain milk from their mothers. Donor screening methods vary, and prospective donors are commonly screened for drug and recreational substance use through behavioral screening. Although the risk of illegal drug consumption in Japan is extremely low, caffeine may be consumed unknowingly and can be found in human milk. To date, only a few reports have been conducted on the concentration of caffeine in donor milk. Research Aim: This study aimed to examine the pre-pasteurization levels of caffeine in human milk donated to a milk bank in Japan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study of caffeine concentrations in human milk donated to a human milk bank in Japan. Caffeine concentration in the donor milk was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Caffeine was detected in 70% of the donor milk samples ( N = 350). The median (range) of caffeine concentration was 0.46 [< 0.10, 7.54] mg/L, and 64.0% of the samples had less than 1 mg/L of caffeine. The caffeine concentration varied widely among as well as within individuals. Conclusion: The average caffeine concentration in Japanese donor milk samples was higher than that previously reported in samples from Spain, but the range was similar. Donors should be informed that caffeine intake should be within a moderate range, to further increase the safety of donor milk.