bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomized Study Comparing Lapatinib Plus Paclitaxel With Placebo Plus Paclitaxel As First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Di Leo Angelo , Gomez Henry L. , Aziz Zeba , Zvirbule Zanete , Bines Jose , Arbushites Michael C. , Guerrera Stephanie F. , Koehler Maria , Oliva Cristina , Stein Steven H. , Williams Lisa S. , Dering Judy , Finn Richard S. , Press Michael F. 
Published: October 2008

Purpose Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/ErbB2), is effective against HER-2–positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This phase III trial evaluated the efficacy of lapatinib in HER-2–negative and HER-2–uncharacterized MBC. Patients and Methods Women with MBC were randomly assigned to first-line therapy with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks plus lapatinib 1,500 mg/d or placebo. A preplanned retrospective evaluation of HER-2 status was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The primary end point was time to progression (TTP); secondary end points were objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). Results In the intent-to-treat population (n = 579), there were no significant differences in TTP, EFS, or OS between treatment arms, although differences in ORR and CBR were noted. In 86 HER-2–positive patients (15%), treatment with paclitaxel-lapatinib resulted in statistically significant improvements in TTP, EFS, ORR, and CBR compared with paclitaxel-placebo. No differences between treatment groups were observed for any end point in HER-2–negative patients. The most common adverse events were alopecia, rash, and diarrhea. The incidence of diarrhea and rash was significantly higher in the paclitaxel-lapatinib arm. The rate of cardiac events was low, and no difference was observed between treatment arms. Conclusion Patients with HER-2–negative or HER-2–untested MBC did not benefit from the addition of lapatinib to paclitaxel. However, first-line therapy with paclitaxel-lapatinib significantly improved clinical outcomes in HER-2–positive patients. Prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this combination is ongoing in early and metastatic HER-2–positive breast cancer patients.
Role of Age and Health in Treatment Recommendations for Older Adults With Breast Cancer: The Perspective of Oncologists and Primary Care Providers
Authors: Hurria Arti , Wong F. Lennie , Villaluna Doojduen , Bhatia Smita , Chung Cathie T. , Mortimer Joanne , Hurvitz Sara , Naeim Arash 
Published: October 2008

Purpose To determine the impact of age and health status on adjuvant treatment recommendations for older patients with breast cancer from the perspective of medical oncologists and primary care physicians with geriatric expertise. Patients and Methods One hundred fifty-one oncologists and 158 primary care physicians with geriatric expertise participated in an online survey. The survey described hypothetical patients of varying ages (70, 75, 80, and 85 years) and health status (good, average, and poor) who had node-positive, hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu–negative; and hormone receptor–negative, HER-2/neu–positive breast cancers. The effects of patient age and health status on the survey participants’ adjuvant treatment recommendations were examined using generalized estimation equation methods. Results The majority of both oncologists and primary care physicians recommended some form of adjuvant therapy for patients of all ages (70, 75, 80, and 85 years) and health status. Both oncologists and primary care providers were less likely to recommend adjuvant treatment as a patient's age increased or health status declined (P < .0001). There were no significant differences in treatment recommendations among primary care physicians and oncologists for patients with hormone receptor–negative, HER-2/neu–positive tumors (P = .54). However, primary care providers were more likely than oncologists to recommend no adjuvant treatment for patients age 75 years or older with hormone receptor–positive, HER-2/neu–negative tumors (P < .01). Conclusion Age and health status influence oncologists’ and primary care providers’ adjuvant treatment recommendations. Evidence-based guidelines for breast cancer treatment in older adults taking into account age and health status are needed.
Cohort Study of Fatty Acid Synthase Expression and Patient Survival in Colon Cancer
Authors: Ogino Shuji , Nosho Katsuhiko , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Kirkner Gregory J. , Chan Andrew T. , Kawasaki Takako , Giovannucci Edward L. , Loda Massimo , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: October 2008

Purpose Energy balance seems to be important in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is physiologically regulated by energy balance and is often upregulated in colorectal cancer. Nonetheless, the influence of FASN expression on patient outcome is uncertain. Patients and Methods Using the database of 647 patients with colon cancer in two independent cohort studies, FASN overexpression was detected in 84 tumors (13%) by immunohistochemistry. Cox proportional hazards models calculated hazard ratios (HRs) of colon cancer–specific and overall mortalities, adjusted for patient characteristics and related tumoral features, including KRAS, BRAF, p53, microsatellite instability and the CpG island methylation phenotype. Results There were 279 deaths, including 160 colon cancer–specific deaths. FASN overexpression was associated with a significant reduction in colon cancer–specific mortality by both univariate and multivariate analyses (adjusted HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.89) and an insignificant trend toward improved overall mortality (adjusted HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.13). Notably, the effect of FASN expression on mortality might be different according to body mass index (BMI; Pinteraction = .019); the adjusted HR of overall mortality for FASN overexpression was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.39 to 1.02) among patients with BMI less than 27.5 kg/m2 and 2.91 (95% CI, 1.19 to 7.12) among those with BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2. Moreover, the adverse effect of moderate overweight/obesity on overall survival was limited to FASN-positive tumors (adjusted HR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.14 to 14.8; BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 v < 27.5 kg/m2). Conclusion Among nonobese patients with colon cancer, tumoral FASN overexpression is associated with improved survival, whereas among moderately overweight or obese patients (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2), FASN overexpression may predict a worse outcome.
A water contamination incident in Oslo, Norway during October 2007; a basis for discussion of boil-water notices and the potential for post-treatment contamination of drinking water supplies
Authors: Robertson Lucy , Gjerde Bjørn , Hansen Elisabeth Furuseth , Stachurska-Hagen Teresa 
Published: October 2008

Over a 5 day period in October 2007 a boil-water notice was served on the majority of Oslo, capital city of Norway, as a result of a combination of bacteriological findings (coliforms, intestinal enterococci, and E. coli), and very low numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in 10 L water samples taken from the water distribution network. The water source had been regularly monitored for these parasites and generally found to be negative. Over 460,000 residents were affected by the boil-water notice, as were many thousands of businesses.
Despite an extensive outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in Bergen, Norway during 2004/2005, occurrence of parasites in Norwegian drinking water supplies has apparently continued to be considered to be of minimal relevance by Norwegian health authorities. Here we describe the background and occurrence of the episode in Oslo, including the species of Cryptosporidium detected, and use this event, in conjunction with incidents from other countries, as a basis to discuss the following issues: 1) under which circumstances should the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in water supplies trigger the issue of a boil-water notice, and 2) the possibilities and probabilities of post-treatment contamination events in the water distribution network.
Hydraulic retention time impact of treated recirculated leachate on the hydrolytic kinetic rate of coffee pulp in an acidogenic reactor
Authors: Houbron E. , González-López G. I. , Cano-Lozano V. , Rustrían E. 
Published: October 2008

This study attempted to investigate the impact of HRT of treated leachate recirculation on hydrolysis solubilization rate of coffee pulp in an acidogenic reactor. Coffee pulp presents more than 70% of organic matter and around of 30% of lignin and cellulose. Five lab scale reactors of 20 litres were used. Each reactor was fed with 5 kg of fresh coffee pulp and anaerobic sludge was used as inoculate. HRT of 0.5, 1, 3 and 10 days were applied. Each experiment shows that Total, Soluble and VFA COD appear rapidly in the removed leachate. HRT have a great impact on hydrolytic rate with an optimal value of 32,000 mg.L−1.d−1.
Low HRT increases hydrolysis rate and in consequence reduces duration of the hydrolytic phase. Also composition and concentration of VFA are influenced by HRT. Low ones favour acetic acid production and high ones permit the production of butyric. Low HRT generates leachate more easily fermentable. Efficiency of solubilization and acidification are independent of the HRT and present average values of 78% and 65% respectively. By batch feeding solid and continuous recirculation of treated leachate, HRT and SRT could be dissociated, where solid had a very high retention without problems of load, mixing and inhibition, and liquid could be recirculated with a very high rate. Under these low HRT condition, the first reactor of a two stage anaerobic system could reduces the hydrolysis duration of organic solid waste like coffee pulp and generate an optimal leachate for the methanization process.
Some gonad-infecting species of Philometra (Nematoda, Philometridae) from offshore fishes of South Carolina and Georgia, USA, including Philometra charlestonensis sp. nov. from the scamp Mycteroperca phenax
Authors: Moravec František , Buron Isaure , Baker Tiffany , González-Solís David 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThree gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 were, for the first time, recorded from perciform fishes from estuarine and marine waters in South Carolina and Georgia, USA: Philometra charlestonensis sp. nov. from the scamp Mycteroperca phenax (Jordan et Swain) (Serranidae), P. saltatrix Ramachandran, 1973 from the bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus) (Pomatomidae), and Philometra sp. from the Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus) (Sciaenidae). The new species is characterized mainly by males (body length 2.65–3.14 mm) with equally long, needle-like spicules (length 132–141 μm) and the gubernaculum (81–93 μm) bearing dorsal transverse lamella-like structures on its distal portion, the body length of gravid females (168–247 mm), the presence of a well-developed anterior bulbous inflation on the female oesophagus, and by the length of the first-stage larvae (544–597 μm). A key to gonad-infecting species of Philometra parasitizing marine and brackish-water fishes is provided.
Some philometrid nematodes (Philometridae), including four new species of Philometra, from marine fishes off New Caledonia
Authors: Moravec František , Justine Jean-Lou 
Published: October 2008

AbstractExaminations of marine fishes off New Caledonia, South Pacific, carried out in 2003–2006, yielded some nematodes of the genus Philometra Costa, 1845, including the following three new species: P. cyanopodi sp. nov. (males and subgravid females) and P. lethrini sp. nov. (males and subgravid females) from the gonads of Epinephelus cyanopodus (Richardson) (Serranidae) and Lethrinus genivittatus Valenciennes (Lethrinidae), respectively, and P. lagocephali sp. nov. (gravid female) from the abdominal cavity of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin) (Tetraodontidae). Another congeneric species P. fasciati sp. nov. from the gonads of Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål) (Serranidae), originally reported as P. lateolabracis (Yamaguti, 1935), has been established with reference to the description of males and a mature female published by Moravec and Justine (2005). The new species are characterized mainly by the length of spicules and the length and structure of the gubernaculum, structure of the male caudal end (except for P. lagocephali), body size, location in the host and by the types of hosts. In addition, Philometra sp. (subgravid females) from the gonads of Lutjanus vitta (Quoy et Gaimard) (Lutjanidae) and Philometra cf. ocularis Moravec et al., 2002 (gravid female) from the oculo-orbit of Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål) were found, the latter representing a new host record.
Effect of extreme temperature on egg development, larval and adult survival of Chordodes nobilii Camerano, 1901 (Gordiida, Nematomorpha)
Authors: Achiorno Cecilia , Ferrari Lucrecia , Villalobos Cristina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOn the basis of experimental studies we analyzed the effect of extreme temperatures on the aquatic free-living phases of the life cycle of Chordodes nobilii (Gordiida, Nematomorpha). Bioassays were performed with eggs, larvae, and adults. Eggs and larvae were exposed to 3°C below zero and 40.5°C; adults were exposed to 3°C below zero and to 38.5°C and 40.5°C. The results showed that egg development was inhibited in both tests. Exposed larvae showed a decrease in their infective capacity, which resulted almost null at 40.5°C. Adults exposed to 38.5°C showed mortality ≤10%, at 40.5°C the mortality was 100% and the adult’s mortality at 3°C below zero was 89%. Results indicate that free living stages of Chordodes nobilii are susceptible to extreme temperatures.
Eight new species of Siphoderina Manter, 1934 (Digenea, Cryptogonimidae) infecting Lutjanidae and Haemulidae (Perciformes) off Australia
Authors: Miller Terrence , Cribb Thomas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report nine species, eight of which are new, of cryptogonimids belonging to Siphoderina Manter, 1934 from the intestine and pyloric caeca of five species of Lutjanidae (Lutjanus adetii, L. argentimaculatus, L. carponotatus, L. fulviflamma and L. russelli) and one species of Haemulidae (Plectorhinchus gibbosus) recovered from Heron and Lizard Islands off the Great Barrier Reef, Moreton Bay and Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia. We also report the metacercariae of two species from an atherinid fish, Atherinomorus capricornensis, from near Heron Island. Morphological analysis of the species reported here was augmented by DNA sequence analyses utilizing data from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2, large subunit (LSU) and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA to explore the integrity of the species and their biogeographic distributions. The analysis found strong support for the integrity of Siphoderina and found that it is the sister-taxon to Beluesca Miller et Cribb, 2007. Sequencing included multiple replicates and no intraspecific variation was observed between any of the taxa over the rDNA regions examined. Sequence data from the ITS and LSU regions were analysed with that of species of Beluesca, Caulanus Miller et Cribb, 2007, Chelediadema Miller et Cribb, 2007, Latuterus Miller et Cribb, 2007, Neometadena Hafeezullah et Siddiqi, 1970 and Retrovarium Miller et Cribb, 2007 which all also infect lutjanids or haemulids. Some closely related species of Siphoderina infect only distantly related fishes among the haemulids and lutjanids whereas others form clusters in association with clusters of closely related lutjanids. This pattern suggests a history of some co-evolutionary divergence together with significant host switching. Pseudallacanthochasmus Velasquez, 1961 is considered a synonym of Siphoderina and the new combinations S. grandispinus (Velasquez, 1961) n. comb. and S. magnivesiculum (Gaevskaya et Aljoshkina, 1985) n. comb. are proposed. As a result of the new species described here and these new combinations, Siphoderina now contains 43 species, making it by far the largest genus of the Cryptogonimidae.
Wild ruminants in the area of the North-Western Poland as potential reservoir hosts of Bartonella schoenbuchensis and B. bovis
Authors: Adamska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work was to examine if the game species from the north-western Poland, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa), may be reservoir hosts of bacteria from the genus Bartonella, and whether the sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus) is their vector. To this end, the prevalence of Bartonella DNA in the tissues of these game species was measured, just as in sheep ticks (I. ricinus) infesting them, and ticks collected from plants in the hunting area. The prevalence of Bartonella DNA was 39% (23/59) in roe deer and 35% (7/20) in red deer. No Bartonella DNA was detected in any of the 21 wild boars. The presence of Bartonella DNAwas detected in 1.9% of ticks infesting roe deer (2/103), while no pathogen DNA was found in the 20 ticks infesting the red deer and the 3 ticks infesting wild boars, or the 200 ticks collected from plants. Amplicons of two different lengths were obtained; 198 bp, characteristic for B. bovis, and 317 bp, characteristic for B. schoenbuchensis, which were confirmed later by sequencing. The examined ruminants are probably the reservoir hosts of B. schoenbuchensis and B. bovis in the biotope of the Puszcza Wkrzańska Forest, and wild boars do not participate in the Bartonella propagation in the environment. I. ricinus is unlikely to be the main vector of Bartonella species detected in the examined roe deer and red deer; probably other bloodsucking arthropods, parasitizing wild ruminants, play this role.
TEM studies on morphological “junctions” between Trichinella spiralis larvae and mouse skeletal muscle cells with particular emphasis on the early changes in host muscles
Authors: Dąbrowska Julia , Walski Michał , Machnicka Barbara , Grytner-Zięcina Barbara 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLarvae of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis migrate via the bloodstream or the lymphatic system to the skeletal muscle cells where they induce multiple alterations in the intracellular environment leading to the formation of nurse cells. The “nurse cell-T. spiralis larva” complex is composed of a transformed fragment of a skeletal muscle cell and the wall of the larva. The pathological process responsible for the formation of this complex, known as basophilic transformation, is essential for the development of T. spiralis larvae, but it still not known how newborn larvae penetrate the transformed fragment of the muscle cell. In this study, we aimed to characterize the ultrastructure of the region of the nurse cell in direct contact with the larval wall, after one and two weeks of T. spiralis infection in mice. For this purpose, a transmission electron microscope fitted with a goniometer was used to make observations of samples tilted at an angle of ±40° relative to the axis of the electron beam. Examination of electron micrographs revealed the continuity of the nurse cell membrane adjacent to the larval surface and the presence of a large quantity of glycogen particles close to the inner surface of this membrane. Our results showed that death of the T. spiralis larvae was associated with destruction of the contact region between the larval wall and the adjacent surface of the nurse cell. We conclude that the T. spiralis larva does not penetrate the nurse cell, but a morphological “junction” is formed between the larval wall and the cell membrane.
The identity of Menacanthus eisenachensis Balát (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Menoponidae) from the Reed Warbler (Passeriformes, Sylviidae)
Authors: Sychra Oldřich , Jensen Jens-Kjeld , Brooke Michael , Trnka Alfréd , Procházka Petr , Literák Ivan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThree hundred and thirty-one Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus (Hermann) were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera). Twenty-eight (8.5%) were parasitized with Menacanthus curuccae (Schrank, 1776). Mean intensity of infestation was 4.3 lice. Hence, the name Menacanthus eisenachensis Balát, 1981, currently applied to Menacanthus lice parasitizing Reed Warblers, is placed as a junior synonym of M. curuccae, with Reed Warbler as a new host for the latter species.
Clinico- Biochemical Profile of Neonatal Seizure
Authors: Shah GS , Singh MK , Budhathoki S , Kalakheti BK , Baral DD 
Published: October 2008

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to study the incidence, etiological factor, and days of onset, clinical types and biochemical abnormalities in babies having neonatal seizures. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational hospital based study. Ninety neonates, who developed seizures before 28 days of life and admitted to neonatal intensive care unit and nursery with neonatal seizure, were evaluated for incidence, etiological factor, clinical types and biochemical abnormalities found in neonatal seizure. The variables were analysed using Chi- Square and student t- test. Results: The incidence of neonatal seizure was 10.3/ 1000 live births. The seizures were common in male babies. 65 (72.2%) neonates were born to multiparous women while 35 (38%) were born to primigravidas. In birth asphyxia (n= 40), the most common type of seizure observed was subtle seizure 20 (50%), followed by focal clonic 10 (25%) and multifocal clonic 5 (12.5%). Tonic type of seizure was observed in 3 (7.5%) and myoclonic in 2 (5%). Meningitis and septicaemia was the second most common cause of neonatal seizure observed in our study. Among metabolic abnormalities hypoglycaemia was found in 20 (22%) and hypocalcaemia in 10 (11%). Conclusion: The commonest cause of seizure was birth asphyxia presenting within 72 hours of life. Among infection septicaemia and meningitis was the most common cause leading to neonatal seizure. Among biochemical abnormalities the most common cause of seizure observed in our study was hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia. Subtle seizures were the commonest type of seizure observed in this study. Key words: Neonatal seizure, biochemical disturbances in seizure. DOI = 10.3126/jnps.v28i1.1398 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.28(1) p.7-9
Febrile Convulsions
Authors: Bajaj N 
Published: October 2008

Febrile convulsions are seizures that occur in association with fever but without evidence of intracranial infection or other definable cause in children in the age between 6 months to 5 years. Febrile convulsions have a strong genetic predisposition and a benign outcome in the majority. Febrile convulsions are clinically distinguishable as simple febrile convulsions or they are called complex febrile convulsions when they have focal features and /or are prolonged and/or recurrent in the same illness. Complex febrile convulsions are associated with higher risk of developing subsequent epilepsy. The condition of mesial temporal lobe sclerosis has been linked to prolonged febrile convulsions in childhood. Majority of febrile convulsions need only parental assurance. In few cases intermittent or continuous prophylaxis with antiepileptic drugs may have to be advised. DOI = 10.3126/jnps.v28i1.1403 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.28(1) p.23-26