bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An MRI radiomics approach to discriminate haemorrhage-prone intracranial tumours before stereotactic biopsy
Authors: Zhang Yupeng , Cao Tingliang , Zhu Haoyu , Song Yuqi , Li Changxuan , Jiang Chuhan , Ma Chao 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To explore imaging biomarkers predictive of intratumoral haemorrhage for lesions intended for elective stereotactic biopsy.

Method:
This study included a retrospective cohort of 143 patients with 175 intracranial lesions intended for stereotactic biopsy. All the lesions were randomly split into a training dataset (n=121) and a test dataset (n=54) at a ratio of 7:3. Thirty-four lesions were defined as “hemorrhage-prone tumors” as haemorrhage occurred between initial diagnostic MRI acquisition and the scheduled biopsy procedure. Radiomics features were extracted from the contrast-enhanced T1 Weighted Imaging and T2 Weighted Imaging images. Features informative of haemorrhage were then selected by the LASSO algorithm, and an Support Vector Machine model was built with selected features. The Support Vector Machine model was further simplified by discarding features with low importance and calculating them using a “permutation importance” method. The model’s performance was evaluated with confusion matrix-derived metrics and area under curve (AUC) values on the independent test dataset.

Results:
Nine radiomics features were selected as haemorrhage-related features of intracranial tumours by the LASSO algorithm. The simplified model’s sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC reached 0.909, 0.930, 0.926, and 0.949 (95% CI: 0.865–1.000) on the test dataset in the discrimination of “hemorrhage-prone tumors”. The permutation method rated feature “T2_gradient_firstorder_10Percentile” as the most important, the absence of which decreased the model’s accuracy by 10.9%.

Conclusion:
Radiomics features extracted on contrast-enhanced T1 Weighted Imaging and T2 Weighted Imaging sequences were predictive of future haemorrhage of intracranial tumours with favourable accuracy. This model may assist in the arrangement of biopsy procedures and the selection of target lesions in patients with multiple lesions.
Long-term cardiovascular risk reduction after gastric cancer surgery: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kwon Yeongkeun , Kim Dohyang , Kim Sangwoo , Ha Jane , Hwang Jinseub , Park Sungsoo , Kwon Jin-Won 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Gastrectomy for gastric cancer is associated with postoperative changes in cardiovascular risk factors, however, the impact of gastrectomy on cardiovascular events remains unclear. The authors assessed the incidence of cardiovascular events between patients undergoing gastrectomy or endoscopic resection for gastric cancer, and the general population.

Materials and methods:
This retrospective nationwide cohort study included patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy (n=37 698), endoscopic resection (n=2773), and matched control population (n=161 887) between 2004 and 2013. The authors included patients without a history of cancer other than gastric cancer, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as acute myocardial infarction, revascularization, or acute ischemic stroke, in patients with gastric cancer.

Results:
Among patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer, 2.9% (4.69 per 1000 person-years) developed novel MACE within the 1-year follow-up period. The gastrectomy group demonstrated a significantly decreased risk for MACE than the control population [hazard ratio (HR), 0.65; 95% CI: 0.61–0.69; P<0.001). Among the patients undergoing endoscopic resection for gastric cancer, 5.4% (8.21 per 1000 person-years) developed novel MACE within the 7-year follow-up period. The risk for MACE in the endoscopic resection group was not significantly different from the control population.

Conclusion:
Patients with gastric cancer who have undergone gastrectomy exhibit a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases in comparison to the general population. In contrast, the risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection did not demonstrate a significant difference in cardiovascular risk in comparison to the general population.
Nomogram for predicting difficult total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a multi-institutional, retrospective model development and validation study
Authors: Chen Yin , jiang Jiahong , He Min , Zhong Kuiyan , Tang Shuai , Deng Li , Wang Yanzhou 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is the most commonly performed gynaecological surgery. However, the difficulty of the operation varies depending on the patient and surgeon. Subsequently, patient’s outcomes and surgical efficiency are affected. The authors aimed to develop and validate a preoperative nomogram to predict the operative difficulty in patients undergoing TLH.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 663 patients with TLH from Southwest Hospital and 102 patients from 958th Hospital in Chongqing, China. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of operative difficulty, and a nomogram was constructed. The performance of the nomogram was validated internally and externally.

Results:
The uterine weight, history of pelvic surgery, presence of adenomyosis, surgeon’s years of practice, and annual hysterectomy volume were identified as significant independent predictors of operative difficulty. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination in the training dataset [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 0.827 (95% CI, 0.783–0.872], internal validation dataset [AUC, 0.793 (95% CI, 0.714–0.872)], and external validation dataset [AUC, 0.756 [95% CI, 0.658–0.854)]. The calibration curves showed good agreement between the predictions and observations for both internal and external validations.

Conclusion:
The developed nomogram accurately predicted the operative difficulty of TLH, facilitated preoperative planning and patient counselling, and optimized surgical training. Further prospective multicenter clinical studies are required to optimize and validate this model.
Perioperative outcomes and long-term survival of cryosurgery on unresectable pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xue Kang , Liu Xiaofeng , Xu Xiaolin , Hou Shengzhong , Wang Li , Tian Bole 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to rank as one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with the majority of patients being diagnosed with unresectable disease. The implementation of cryoablation-based comprehensive treatment is expected to lead to a reduction in tumour size and potentially achieve complete resection. However, the availability of systematic and evidence-based treatment guidelines for cryoablation in pancreatic cancer is currently limited.

Materials and methods:
A computerized search was conducted in the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and Clinicaltrials to retrieve studies published from August 1987 to June 2023. The perioperative outcomes and long-term survival of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) or metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) who underwent cryosurgery were systematically collected. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q test, and a funnel plot was implemented to evaluate publication bias. Data were pooled and analyzed using Stata 14.0 software. The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Form tool was employed for quality evaluation.

Results:
Nine studies, including 368 patients, were identified. The pooled overall incidence rate was 4% (95% CI: 0–14%; I²=54.06%) for acute pancreatitis, 0% (95% CI: 0–0%; I²=0.0%) for delayed gastric emptying, 0% (95% CI: 0–1%; I²=0.0%) for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) or bile leakage, 2% (95% CI: 0–5%; I²=0.0%) for bleeding, and 4% (95% CI: 0–12%; I²=70.46%) for fever. The subgroup analysis revealed that the percutaneous treatment group had a lower incidence of complications compared to laparotomy but had higher incidences of POPF, bleeding, and pancreatitis than the intraoperative group. Median overall survival (OS) varied from 5 to 16.2 months. The median survival rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months for patients who underwent cryosurgery were as follows: 94.9%, 64.8% (range: 4.8–63.1%), 22.80%, and 9.5%, respectively.

Conclusion:
With the advancements in cryoablation and anti-tumour therapy, cryoablation has emerged as a promising treatment modality for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. According to existing literature, the combination of cryoablation with radioactive particle implantation or immunotherapy has demonstrated considerable efficacy and safety. However, while the majority of included data is derived from retrospective studies, it is imperative to conduct larger sample sizes or prospective trials for further validation.
Gut motility and hormone changes after bariatric procedures
Authors: Gala Khushboo , Ghusn Wissam , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) and endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBT) are being increasingly utilized for the management of obesity. They work through multiple mechanisms, including restriction, malabsorption, and changes in the gastrointestinal hormonal and motility.

Recent findings
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) cause decrease in leptin, increase in GLP-1 and PYY, and variable changes in ghrelin (generally thought to decrease). RYGB and LSG lead to rapid gastric emptying, increase in small bowel motility, and possible decrease in colonic motility. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) causes decrease in leptin and increase in GLP-1, ghrelin, and PYY; and delayed gastric motility.

Summary
Understanding mechanisms of action for MBS and EBT is critical for optimal care of patients and will help in further refinement of these interventions.
Isolated injury, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and transfer from another facility are associated with delay in antibiotic administration: a retrospective study of 963 patients with open fractures
Authors: Pease Tyler J. , Ducas G. Wells , Raffetto Michael L. , Bernard Andrew C. , Martin Jalen A. , Matuszewski Paul E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To identify factors associated with delays in administration and pharmacy and nursing preparation of antibiotics for patients with open fractures.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patients:
Nine hundred sixty-three adults with open fractures administered antibiotics.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Delay in antibiotic administration greater than 66 minutes from arrival and significant pharmacy-related and nursing-related delay.

Results:
Isolated injury, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and transfer from another facility were associated with delay in antibiotic administration greater than 66 minutes. Injury Severity Score, transfer, and trauma team activation were associated with pharmacy-related or nursing-related delay.

Conclusion:
Interventions to reduce antibiotic administration time for open fractures should focus on early identification of open fractures and standardization of antibiotic protocols to ensure timely administration even in complex or resource-scarce care situations.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level III.
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in an Interesting Case of Metastatic Pulmonary Meningioma
Authors: Purohit Priyavrat , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Kumar Rajender , Singh Harmandeep , Shukla Jaya , Bal Amanjit , Singh Navneet 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Meningiomas are one of the major primary CNS tumors. Most meningiomas are benign, but rarely, these metastasize to distant organs, the lungs being the commonest site of metastasis. 18F-FDG PET/CT has been used to evaluate metastatic pulmonary meningioma. However, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT has not yet been evaluated. The present case highlights the 68Ga-FAPI uptake in metastatic pulmonary meningioma in a postoperated case of left tentorial meningioma presenting with lung masses. Image-guided biopsy from the lung mass was consistent with metastatic meningioma.
Whole blood resuscitation for injured patients requiring transfusion: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma
Authors: Meizoso Jonathan P. , Cotton Bryan A. , Lawless Ryan A. , Kodadek Lisa M. , Lynde Jennifer M. , Russell Nicole , Gaspich John , Maung Adrian , Anderson Christofer , Reynolds John M. , Haines Krista L. , Kasotakis George , Freeman Jennifer J. 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTIONWhole blood (WB) resuscitation has reemerged as a resuscitation strategy for injured patients. However, the effect of WB-based resuscitation on outcomes has not been established. The primary objective of this guideline was to develop evidence-based recommendations on whether WB should be considered in civilian trauma patients receiving blood transfusions.METHODSAn Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma working group performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. One Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes question was developed to analyze the effect of WB resuscitation in the acute phase on mortality, transfusion requirements, infectious complications, and intensive care unit length of stay. English language studies including adult civilian trauma patients comparing in-hospital WB to component therapy were included. Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science were queried. GRADEpro (McMaster University; Evidence Prime, Inc.; Ontario) was used to assess quality of evidence and risk of bias. The study was registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023451143).RESULTSA total of 21 studies were included. Most patients were severely injured and required blood transfusion, massive transfusion protocol activation, and/or a hemorrhage control procedure in the early phase of resuscitation. Mortality was assessed separately at the following intervals: early (i.e., emergency department, 3 hours, or 6 hours), 24 hours, late (i.e., 28 days or 30 days), and in-hospital. On meta-analysis, WB was not associated with decreased mortality. Whole blood was associated with decreased 4-hour red blood cell (mean difference, −1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.12 to −0.52), 4-hour plasma (mean difference, −1.47; 95% CI, −2.94 to 0), and 24-hour red blood cell transfusions (mean difference, −1.22; 95% CI, −2.24 to −0.19) compared with component therapy. There were no differences in infectious complications or intensive care unit length of stay between groups.CONCLUSIONWe conditionally recommend WB resuscitation in adult civilian trauma patients receiving blood transfusions, recognizing that data are limited for certain populations, including women of childbearing age, and therefore this guideline may not apply to these populations.LEVEL OF EVIDENCESystematic Review/Meta-Analysis; Level III.
Parallel maturation of hippocampal memory and CA1 task representations
Authors: Bevandić Juraj , Stella Federico , Ólafsdóttir H. Freyja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHippocampal-dependent memory is known to emerge late in ontogeny and its full development is protracted. Yet, the changes in hippocampal neuronal function that underlie this delayed and gradual maturation remain relatively unexplored. To address this gap, we recorded ensembles of CA1 neurons while charting the development of hippocampal-dependent spatial working memory (WM) in rat pups (∼2-4weeks of age). We found a sharp transition in WM development, with age of inflection varying considerably between individual animals. In parallel with the sudden emergence of WM, hippocampal spatial representations became abruptly task specific, remapping between encoding and retrieval phases of the task. Further, we show how the development of task phase remapping could partly be explained by changes in place field size during this developmental period as well as the onset of precise temporal coordination of CA1 excitatory input. Together, these results suggest that a hallmark of hippocampal memory development may be the emergence of contextually specific CA1 representations driven by the maturation of CA1 micro-circuits.
Exploring the accuracy of ab initio prediction methods for viral pseudoknotted RNA structures
Authors: Medeiros Vasco , Pearl Jennifer M. , Carboni Mia , Er Ece , Zafeiri Stamatia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe prediction of tertiary RNA structures is significant to the field of medicine (e.g. mRNA vaccines, genome editing), and the exploration of viral transcripts. Though many RNA folding software exist, few studies have condensed their locus of attention solely to viral pseudoknotted RNA. These regulatory pseudoknots play a role in genome replication, gene expression, and protein synthesis. This study explores five RNA folding engines that compute either the minimum free energy (MFE) or the maximum expected accuracy (MEA). These folding engines were tested against 26 experimentally derived short pseudoknotted sequences (20-150nt) using metrics that are commonly applied to software prediction accuracy (e.g. F1scoring, PPV). This paper reports higher accuracy RNA prediction engines, such as pKiss, when compared to previous iterations of the software, and when compared to older folding engines. They show that MEA folding software does not always outperform MFE folding software in prediction accuracy when assessed with metrics such as percent error, sensitivity, PPV, and F1scoring when applied to viral pseudoknotted RNA. Moreover, the results suggest that thermodynamic model parameters will not ensure accuracy if auxiliary parameters such as Mg2+binding, dangling end options, and H-type penalties are not applied. The observations reported in this paper highlight the quality between differentab initioprediction methods while enforcing the idea that a better understanding of intracellular thermodynamics is necessary for a more efficacious screening of RNAs.ImportanceThe importance of accurately predicting RNA structures cannot be overstated, particularly in the context of viral biology and the development of therapeutic interventions such as mRNA vaccines and genome editing. Our study addresses the gap in the existing literature by concentrating solely on viral pseudoknotted RNA, which plays a crucial role in viral replication, gene expression, and protein synthesis. Our study sheds light on the debate surrounding minimum free energy (MFE) versus maximum expected accuracy (MEA) models in RNA folding predictions. Contrary to existing beliefs, we found that MEA models do not consistently outperform MFE models, especially in the context of viral pseudoknotted RNAs. Our research contributes to advancing the field of computational biology by providing insights into the efficacy of different prediction methods and emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of intracellular thermodynamics to improve RNA structure predictions.
Beyond IC50- A computational dynamic model of drug resistance in enzyme inhibition treatment
Authors: Sheehan J. Roadnight , de Wijn Astrid , Freire Thales Souza , Friedman Ran 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResistance to therapy is a major clinical obstacle to treatment of cancer and communicable diseases. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a blood cancer that is treated with Abl1 inhibitors, and is often seen as a model for targeted therapy and drug resistance. Resistance to the first-line treatment occurs in approximately one in four patients. The most common cause of resistance is mutations in the Abl1 enzyme. Different mutant Abl1 enzymes show resistance to different Abl1 inhibitors and the mechanisms that lead to resistance for various mutation and inhibitor combinations are not fully known, making the selection of Abl1 inhibitors for treatment a difficult task. We developed a model based on information of catalysis, inhibition and pharmacokinetics, and applied it to study the effect of three Abl1 inhibitors on mutants of the Abl1 enzyme. From this model, we show that the relative decrease of product formation rate (defined in this work as “inhibitory reduction prowess”) is a better indicator of resistance than an examination of the size of the product formation rate or fold-IC50values for the mutant. We also examine current ideas and practices that guide treatment choice and suggest a new parameter for selecting treatments that could increase the efficacy and thus have a positive impact on patient outcomes.
Parallel Multilink Group Joint ICA: Fusion of 3D Structural and 4D Functional Data Across Multiple Resting fMRI Networks
Authors: Khalilullah K M Ibrahim , Agcaoglu Oktay , Sui Jing , Duda Marlena , Adali Tülay , Calhoun Vince D 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultimodal neuroimaging research plays a pivotal role in understanding the complexities of the human brain and its disorders. Independent component analysis (ICA) has emerged as a widely used and powerful tool for disentangling mixed independent sources, particularly in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This paper extends the use of ICA as a unifying framework for multimodal fusion, introducing a novel approach termed parallel multilink group joint ICA (pmg-jICA). The method allows for the fusion of gray matter maps from structural MRI (sMRI) data to multiple fMRI intrinsic networks, addressing the limitations of previous models. The effectiveness of pmg-jICA is demonstrated through its application to an Alzheimer’s dataset, yielding linked structure-function outputs for 53 brain networks. Our approach leverages the complementary information from various imaging modalities, providing a unique perspective on brain alterations in Alzheimer’s disease. The pmg-jICA identifies several components with significant differences between HC and AD groups including thalamus, caudate, putamen with in the subcortical (SC) domain, insula, parahippocampal gyrus within the cognitive control (CC) domain, and the lingual gyrus within the visual (VS) domain, providing localized insights into the links between AD and specific brain regions. In addition, because we link across multiple brain networks, we can also compute functional network connectivity (FNC) from spatial maps and subject loadings, providing a detailed exploration of the relationships between different brain regions and allowing us to visualize spatial patterns and loading parameters in sMRI along with intrinsic networks and FNC from the fMRI data. In essence, developed approach combines concepts from joint ICA and group ICA to provide a rich set of output characterizing data-driven links between covarying gray matter networks, and a (potentially large number of) resting fMRI networks allowing further study in the context of structure/function links. We demonstrate the utility of the approach by highlighting key structure/function disruptions in Alzheimer’s individuals.