bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wolves recolonize novel ecosystems leading to novel interactions
Authors: Kuijper D. P. J. , Diserens T. A. , Say‐Sallaz E. , Kasper K. , Szafrańska P. A. , Szewczyk M. , Stępniak K. M. , Churski M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The wolf (Canis lupus) is arguably the most successful species at recolonizing its now human‐dominated former ranges in Europe and North America. Over the centuries while the wolf was absent, humans have transformed ecosystems to a large extent. In this paper, we highlight key aspects of these human‐modified ecosystems that include changes to (meso)carnivore communities, wolves themselves (genetics, behaviour), woody plant communities and the playing field for predator–prey interactions (landscape structure).

We argue that the recognition of the novelty of human‐modified ecosystems logically leads to novel pathways of how wolves can influence ecosystem functioning. Thus far, the ecological impacts of wolves in human‐dominated systems have largely been predicted based on the documented effects they have on prey species or lower trophic levels in well‐preserved systems with low human impact. However, wolves in human‐modified ecosystems will engage in an array of novel interactions and potential novel trophic cascades that do not occur in more natural ecosystems with lower human impact.

This should encourage us to re‐assess the questions we ask about wolf impacts in novel systems. A promising direction for future studies is exploring what novel interactions establish and under what conditions wolves can exert their ecosystem impacts (context dependence) in the human‐modified ecosystems wolves are recolonizing.

Policy implications. Understanding these novel interactions and the context dependence of ecosystem impacts could guide us to act to improve conditions to enable wolves to exert their ecosystem impacts again. These novel interactions may be the true ecological and societal value of having wolves returning to human‐modified landscapes.
Management antecedents of supply chain resilience: An integrating perspective
Authors: Pu Guoli , Cui Ziqing , Qiao Jianqi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has emphasized that supply chain resilience is an essential remedy for companies recovering from supply chain disruptions. In the VUCA era, many studies have identified three dimensions (sensing capability, seizing capability and reconfiguring capability) as organizational antecedents that contribute to supply chain resilience from the perspective of dynamic capability. However, the current literature on the antecedents of supply chain resilience largely lacks a managerial perspective. Research has shown that firms rely on supply chain managers when developing supply chain resilience. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms at play in supply chain resilience and its organizational antecedents. Based on existing research, this study explores the paths and effects of managerial antecedents (dynamic management capability) and organizational antecedents (dynamic capability) on supply chain resilience by integrating dynamic and management capabilities. Through a questionnaire survey of supply chain managers in Chinese manufacturing companies, 223 valid sample data points were collected and tested empirically. The results show that the three dimensions of dynamic management capability (managers’ social capital, human capital and cognition) are positively related to supply chain resilience and that supply chain resilience is influenced by the mediating effect of the three dimensions of dynamic capability (sensing, seizing and reconfiguring capabilities). We argue that managers should focus on developing their social capital, human capital and cognition to improve supply chain resilience. This study explains dynamic management capability's role and logical path in supply chain resilience. Furthermore, it examines the mediating effects and internal logic of the three dimensions of dynamic capabilities, providing a new perspective for supply chain resilience research and bringing some management insights for managers to effectively improve firm supply chain resilience in terms of social relationship management and related learning skills.
Use of thermal drone in detection and assessment of larval mass temperature in decomposed rabbit carcasses
Authors: Syed Mohd Daud Sharifah Mastura , Heo Chong Chin , Mohd Yusof Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera , Khoo Lay See , Chainchel Singh Mansharan Kaur , Mahmood Mohd Shah , Bin Muhammad Nasir Muhammad Dzulfiqri , Nawawi Hapizah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractManual ground searches and cadaver dogs are traditional methods for locating remains, but they can be time‐ and resource‐intensive, resulting in the decomposition of bodies and delay in victim identification. Therefore, thermal imaging has been proposed as a potentially useful tool for detecting remains based on their temperature. This study investigated the potential of a novel search technique of thermal drones to detect surface remains through the detection of maggot mass temperatures. Two trials were carried out at Selangor, Malaysia, each utilizing 12 healthy male Oryctolagus cuniculus European white rabbits and DJI Matrice 300 RTK drone China, equipped with a thermal camera; Zenmuse H20T to record the thermal imaging footage of the carcasses at various heights (15, 30, 60–100 m) for 14 days for each trial. Our results demonstrated that the larval masses and corresponding heat emissions were at their largest during the active decay stage; therefore, all the carcasses were observable in thermal images on day 5 and remained until day 7. Statistical analyses showed that (1) no statistically significant differences in thermal images between clothed and unclothed subjects (p > 0.05); (2) 15 m above ground level was proven to be the optimal height, as it showed the greatest contrast between the carcass heat signature and the background (p < 0.005). Our data suggested the potential window of detection of thermal signatures was detectable up to 7 days post‐deposition. This could be an important guideline for the search and recovery teams for operational implementation in this tropical region.
Evaluation of porcine decomposition and total body score (TBS) in a central European temperate forest
Authors: Indra Lara , Giles Stephanie , Alfsdotter Clara , Errickson David , Lösch Sandra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe total body score (TBS) is a visual scoring method to scale the succession of decomposition stages. It compares decomposition between cadavers, to connect it with external taphonomic factors and estimate the post‐mortem interval. To study decomposition in various climatic environments, pigs are often used as human proxies. Currently, there is one TBS system by Keough et al. (J Forensic Sci. 2017;62:986) for surface‐deposited domestic pigs, coming from South Africa. Our study aims to evaluate this method and analyze porcine decomposition in Central Europe to inform forensic research and casework. We conducted an experiment studying six 50 kg pig carcasses in a temperate Swiss forest. Three observers documented decomposition patterns and rated the decomposition stages from photographs based on the porcine TBS model by Keough et al. (J Forensic Sci. 2017;62:986). We documented discrepancies between the carcass decomposition of our specimens and those in the South African study, especially related to the high insect activity in our experiment. Furthermore, we noted factors complicating TBS scoring, including rainfall and scavengers. The agreement between TBS observers from photographs was in the highest agreement category apart from one “substantial agreement” category. Our study is the first in Europe to systematically test the Keough et al. (J Forensic Sci. 2017;62:986) method. The results evidence that regional adaptations are required to be applicable for other environments. We present a modified approach based on experimental observations in a Swiss temperate forest. The identification of regional decomposition patterns and drivers will inform future taphonomy research as well as forensic casework in comparable contexts in Central Europe.
An integrated transcriptomics and network pharmacology approach to explore the mechanism of Wang‐Bi tablet against SAPHO syndrome
Authors: Wang Ting , Gong Xun , Xia Congmin , Kong Weijia , Geng Shaohui , Jiang Haixu , Xiao Enfan , Wang Hesong , Yu Yingcai , Li Chen , Yuan Kai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSAPHO syndrome is recognized as a rare entity with damage to skin and bones due to inflammation. Currently, the treatment for SAPHO syndrome is still a challenge in clinical practice. In this study, an integrated transcriptomics and network pharmacology approach was applied to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Wang‐Bi tablet (WBT) on SAPHO syndrome.MethodsThe main components of WBT and their targets, as well as the targets of SAPHO syndrome, were collected from databases. Network visualization was performed using Cytoscape software. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was executed by David dataset. Then, the molecular mechanism of WBT improving SAPHO syndrome was validated by transcriptomics of peripheral blood neutrophils in SAPHO syndrome. Finally, the above results were validated by molecular docking.ResultsThe Network Pharmacology results showed there are 152 core targets for WBT treatment on SAPHO syndrome. RNA‐seq data showed 442 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in peripheral blood neutrophils of SAPHO patients. Intriguingly, NIK/NF‐kappaB‐, MyD88‐dependent toll‐like receptor‐, and MAPK pathway were included in the enrichment results of network pharmacology and RNA‐seq. Moreover, we verified that the core components of WBT have good affinity with the core targets of NIK/NF‐kappaB‐, MyD88‐dependent toll‐like receptor‐, and MAPK pathway by molecular docking.ConclusionsThis study illustrated that the possible mechanisms of WBT against SAPHO syndrome may be related to NIK/NF‐kappaB‐, MyD88‐dependent toll‐like receptor‐, and MAPK pathway, and further experiments are needed to prove these predictions.
Small bowel obstruction secondary to barbed sutures in bariatric surgery: a cautionary tale
Authors: Santucci Walter , Choy Audrey , Cheng Qiuye , Ward Salena , Winter Nicole , Hii Michael W 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic bariatric surgery relies on technically challenging intracorporeal suturing for critical parts of the operation. Barbed sutures have been developed to provide an alternative to suturing for certain manoeuvres within a procedure. Barbed sutures theoretically negate the need for knot tying and allow for continuous application of tension; however the barbs can unintentionally adhere to surrounding tissues. We describe a case series of three patients who developed V‐Loc™ (barbed) suture related small bowel obstruction (SBO) to promote awareness of this unusual but preventable complication.MethodsMedical records of patients diagnosed with V‐Loc™ related SBO between 2018 and 2021 at a tertiary centre were reviewed. Data regarding presentation, diagnosis, management and outcomes were obtained.ResultsThree patients were identified where V‐Loc™ sutures were aetiologically related to early post‐surgical small bowel obstruction secondary to small bowel adherence to barbed suture tail or adhesions between barbed suture tail and unintended viscera. In these cases, non‐absorbable V‐Loc™ sutures were used to close the small bowel mesenteric defect at Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery. All patients required adhesiolysis at re‐look laparoscopy prior to resolution. All patients were discharged home well after relook laparoscopy.ConclusionOverly long or exposed V‐Loc™ suture tails can result in SBO following laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Cutting the suture tail as close as practical to the final throw of the suture and/or covering exposed suture ends may prevent this complication.
‘I wouldn't change my flat for anything’. Is there scope for more people with learning disabilities to rent their own homes?
Authors: Quilgars Deborah , Leishman Eppie , Abbott David , Clarke Samantha , Cooper Becca , Hodgkins Stephen , Scarrott Paul , Pollin Andy , Beech Lois 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPolicy, research, and people's own experience in the UK consistently highlight the central importance of a home of choice for people with learning disabilities. Yet attention is mainly focused on the development of specialist as opposed to generic housing options for people with learning disabilities.MethodsThis article reviews the findings from a major research study looking at the rented housing sector for people with learning disabilities. The study comprised of a review of local authority learning disability strategies; a ‘national conversation’ with key stakeholders; and thirty‐five, qualitative interviews with people with learning disabilities who rent their own homes.FindingsThe research found that local learning disability strategies are lacking in information on rented housing for people. A national consultation identified a range of challenges in accessing rented housing for people wishing to do so. Interviews with people with learning disabilities renting their own place confirmed some of these problems but also, crucially, highlighted the success for most who rented their own home. People liked renting and were managing their tenancies well with relatively modest support.ConclusionsThe evidence points to the possible benefits of a greater focus on renting for people with learning disabilities.
Lower limb blood flow occlusion increases systemic pressor response without increasing brachial arterial blood flow redistribution in women
Authors: Fleming Abby R. , MacDonald Hayley V. , Buckner Samuel L. , Winchester Lee J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the systemic hemodynamic and vascular changes in women during and after two commonly used clinical blood flow restriction (BFR) pressures at rest. There are minimal data regarding the independent effects of BFR on hemodynamic and systemic vascular changes due to pressor response, particularly among women. Therefore, this study investigated BFR‐induced alterations in pressor response and systemic flow redistribution at rest during two commonly used pressures (50% and 80% limb occlusion pressure [LOP]). Fifteen women (22.1 ± 4.2 years) completed two randomised sessions involving 8‐min of bilateral, lower limb restriction at 50% or 80% LOP followed by 8‐min of recovery post‐deflation. Changes in vascular (arterial diameter [DIA], time‐averaged mean velocity [TAMV], volume flow [VF], and area) and hemodynamic (heart rate [HR] and blood pressure) measures over time (pre‐, during, post‐occlusion) and by session (50% vs. 80% LOP) were tested using repeated measures analysis of variance. Repeated measures correlations (rrm) quantified common intraindividual associations between BFR‐induced hemodynamic and vascular responses. HR increased from baseline during 50% LOP and remained elevated during recovery (p < 0.05). HR increased from baseline during 80% LOP, while tibial VF and TAMV decreased (p < 0.03 for all). HR and TAMV values returned to baseline during recovery, while brachial artery VF decreased (p < 0.05). Changes in HR, brachial VF, and brachial TAMV were similar between 50% and 80% LOP (rrm = 0.32–0.70,p < 0.05 for all). At 80% LOP, changes in HR were positively correlated with brachial VF (rrm = 0.38) and TAMV (rrm = 0.43) and negatively correlated with tibial VF (rrm = −0.36) and TAMV (rrm = −0.30) (p < 0.05 for all). Results suggest that BFR at 80% LOP elicits an acute systemic pressor reflex without concomitant increases in brachial arterial flow, while 50% LOP elicits a subdued response.
Reaction of organic phosphates with oxides: Effects on pH, the equation used to describe the reaction, and on desorption
Authors: Barrow N. J. , Asif Sk. Md. , Debnath Abhijit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganic phosphates are an important component of soil phosphate reserves. We studied the sorption of three organic phosphates by goethite and by aluminium oxide and compared them with the sorption of inorganic phosphate (Pi). The organic phosphates were inositol hexa‐phosphate (IHP), glycerol phosphate (GlyP), and glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P). We used five different initial pH values and 10 different initial concentrations. We measured both sorption and desorption. We used an equation which we call the Sibbesen‐Langmuir equation to successfully describe the observations over a 10,000 fold concentration range. Sorption increased the pH. The effects were largest at low pH and low initial concentration and were in the sequence Pi > IHP > G6P > GlyP. This sequence was a consequence of differences in ion size and mean charge. The different feedback effects of the different ions affected the shape of plots of sorption against concentration; similarity to the Langmuir shape was in the opposite sequence. Desorption curves always fell to the left of sorption curves; that is, there was always hysteresis. Part of this was an experimental artefact because desorption was measured at lower pH than sorption, but we provide evidence that this caused only part of the effect. The effects were greatest for Pi and least for IHP. We think that this hysteresis occurs because the adsorbed molecules diffuse into faults in the reacting medium. This would be more difficult for organic phosphate than for inorganic phosphate. Although hysteresis was smaller for organic phosphates, it was nevertheless substantial. We suggest that this is an important factor in their stability in soils.
Genomic architecture controls multivariate adaptation to climate change
Authors: Terasaki Hart Drew E. , Wang Ian J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs climate change advances, environmental gradients may decouple, generating novel multivariate environments that stress wild populations. A commonly invoked mechanism of evolutionary rescue is adaptive gene flow tracking climate shifts, but gene flow from populations inhabiting similar conditions on one environmental axis could cause maladaptive introgression when populations are adapted to different environmental variables that do not shift together. Genomic architecture can play an important role in determining the effectiveness and relative magnitudes of adaptive gene flow and in situ adaptation. This may have direct consequences for how species respond to climate change but is often overlooked. Here, we simulated microevolutionary responses to environmental change under scenarios defined by variation in the polygenicity, linkage, and genetic redundancy of two independent traits, one of which is adapted to a gradient that shifts under climate change. We used these simulations to examine how genomic architecture influences evolutionary outcomes under climate change. We found that climate‐tracking (up‐gradient) gene flow, though present in all scenarios, was strongly constrained under scenarios of lower linkage and higher polygenicity and redundancy, suggesting in situ adaptation as the predominant mechanism of evolutionary rescue under these conditions. We also found that high polygenicity caused increased maladaptation and demographic decline, a concerning result given that many climate‐adapted traits may be polygenic. Finally, in scenarios with high redundancy, we observed increased adaptive capacity. This finding adds to the growing recognition of the importance of redundancy in mediating in situ adaptive capacity and suggests opportunities for better understanding the climatic vulnerability of real populations.
Bio‐ORACLE v3.0. Pushing marine data layers to the CMIP6 Earth System Models of climate change research
Authors: Assis Jorge , Fernández Bejarano Salvador Jesús , Salazar Vinícius W. , Schepers Lennert , Gouvêa Lidiane , Fragkopoulou Eliza , Leclercq Frederic , Vanhoorne Bart , Tyberghein Lennert , Serrão Ester A. , Verbruggen Heroen , De Clerck Olivier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMotivationImpacts of climate change on marine biodiversity are often projected with species distribution modelling using standardized data layers representing physical, chemical and biological conditions of the global ocean. Yet, the available data layers (1) have not been updated to incorporate data of the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), which comprise the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios; (2) consider a limited number of Earth System Models (ESMs), and (3) miss important variables expected to influence future biodiversity distributions. These limitations might undermine biodiversity impact assessments, by failing to integrate them within the context of the most up‐to‐date climate change projections, raising the uncertainty in estimates and misinterpreting the exposure of biodiversity to extreme conditions. Here, we provide a significant update of Bio‐ORACLE, extending biologically relevant data layers from present‐day conditions to the end of the 21st century Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios based on a multi‐model ensemble with data from CMIP6. Alongside, we provide R and Python packages for seamless integration in modelling workflows. The data layers aim to enhance the understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity and to support well‐informed research, conservation and management.Main Types of Variable ContainedSurface and benthic layers for, chlorophyll‐a, diffuse attenuation coefficient, dissolved iron, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ocean temperature, pH, phosphate, photosynthetic active radiation, total phytoplankton, total cloud fraction, salinity, silicate, sea‐water direction, sea‐water velocity, topographic slope, topographic aspect, terrain ruggedness index, topographic position index and bathymetry, and surface layers for air temperature, mixed layer depth, sea‐ice cover and sea‐ice thickness.Spatial Location and GrainGlobal at 0.05° resolution.Time Period and GrainDecadal from present‐day to the end of the 21st century (2000–2100).Major Taxa and Level of MeasurementMarine biodiversity associated with surface and epibenthic habitats.Software FormatA package of functions developed for Python and R software.
Prolonged grief, reconstruction of meaning, and posttraumatic growth in nursing home residents who have lost loved ones
Authors: Duran Songül , Altun Aydın 
Published: February 2024

AimThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, prolonged grief, meaning reconstruction, and posttraumatic growth of elderly individuals who have lost loved ones.MethodsA total of 122 elderly individuals who had lost loved ones were included in the research conducted in a nursing home.ResultsThe levels of Prolonged Grief Inventory (PG‐13), Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory (GMRI), and Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) scale were found to be high among the individuals in the study. While the PG‐13 scores of single individuals who have lost their spouses are statistically significantly higher compared to married individuals, the scores for GMRI are higher for elderly individuals with chronic illness and expected death compared to those who have experienced sudden loss. A significant negative correlation was also determined between PG‐13, GMRI, and PTG scores.ConclusionCounseling to reconstruct grief and meaning is recommended for at‐risk groups. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 364–370.