bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the influence of manufactured sand and fly ash on concrete strength through experimental and machine learning methods
Authors: Sathvik S , Oyebisi Solomon , Kumar Rakesh , Shakor Pshtiwan , Adejonwo Olutosin , Tantri Adithya , Suma V 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
River sand supplies are decreasing due to overexploitation and illicit sand mining. One ton of Portland cement production (the main binder in concrete) emits about one ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Thus, this study replaced conventional cement and river sand (R sand) with recycled waste materials (fly ash and manufactured sand (M sand)). The concrete mix proportions were designed using M40 grade, and the Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and R sand were replaced with 0–85 wt% of fly ash and 0-100 wt% of M sand. The concrete samples were tested for compressive strength after 3–90 days of curing. Furthermore, machine learning (ML) techniques were engaged to predict the compressive strength of the concrete samples using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). Besides, the concrete samples containing fly ash, M sand, and R sand were characterized for microstructures and elemental compositions using SEM-EDS. The results revealed improved concrete compressive strength by incorporating fly ash and M sand. After 28 days of curing, OPC and R sand were partially replaced with 25 and 50 wt% of fly ash and M sand attained the designed strength of M 40 grade concrete. XGBoost model yielded the most accurate performance metrics for forecasting the compressive strength in training and testing phases with R2 values equal to 0.9999 and 0.9964, respectively, compared to LSTM, SVM, and GPR. Thus, the XGBoost approach can be a viable technique for forecasting the strength of concrete incorporating fly ash and M sand. SEM-EDS analyses revealed compact formations with high calcium and silicon counts. Thus, the XGBoost approach can be a viable technique for forecasting the strength of concrete incorporating fly ash and M sand.
Pharmacological CDK4/6 inhibition promotes vulnerability to lysosomotropic agents in breast cancer
Authors: Nehme Jamil , Maassen Sjors , Bravaccini Sara , Zanoni Michele , Gianni Caterina , De Giorgi Ugo , Soto-Gamez Abel , Altulea Abdullah , Gheorghe Teodora , Wang Boshi , Demaria Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6 (CDK4/6i) inhibit breast cancer growth by inducing a senescent-like state. However, the long-term treatment efficacy remains limited by the development of drug resistance, so clearance of senescent-like cancer cells may extend the durability of treatment. However, we show here that while CDK4/6i-treated breast cancer cells exhibit various senescence-associated phenotypes, they remain insensitive to common senolytic compounds. By searching for novel vulnerabilities, we identify a significantly increased lysosomal mass and altered lysosomal structure across various breast cancer cell types upon exposure to CDK4/6i in preclinical systems and clinical specimens. We demonstrate that these CDK4/6i-induced lysosomal alterations render breast cancer cells sensitive to lysosomotropic agents, such as L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (LLOMe) and salinomycin. Importantly, sequential treatment with CDK4/6i and lysosomotropic agents effectively reduces the growth of both hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and subsets of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in vivo. This sequential therapeutic strategy offers a promising approach to eliminate CDK4/6i-induced senescent(-like) cells, potentially reducing tumor recurrence and enhancing the overall efficacy of breast cancer therapy.
Organoid modeling reveals the tumorigenic potential of the alveolar progenitor cell state
Authors: Li Jingyun , Dang Susanna M , Sengupta Shreoshi , Schurmann Paul , Dost Antonella F M , Moye Aaron L , Trovero Maria F , Ahmed Sidrah , Paschini Margherita , Bhetariya Preetida J , Bronson Roderick , Ho Sui Shannan J , Kim Carla F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cancers display cellular, genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity, complicating disease modeling. Multiple cell states defined by gene expression have been described in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the functional contributions of cell state and the regulatory programs that control chromatin and gene expression in the early stages of tumor initiation are not well understood. Using single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing in Kras/p53-driven tumor organoids, we identified two major cellular states: one more closely resembling alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells (SPC-high), and the other with epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-associated gene expression (Hmga2-high). Each state exhibited distinct transcription factor networks, with SPC-high cells associated with TFs regulating AT2 fate and Hmga2-high cells enriched in Wnt- and NFκB-related TFs. CD44 was identified as a marker for the Hmga2-high state, enabling functional comparison of the two populations. Organoid assays and orthotopic transplantation revealed that SPC-high, CD44-negative cells exhibited higher tumorigenic potential within the lung microenvironment. These findings highlight the utility of organoids in understanding chromatin regulation in early tumorigenesis and identifying novel early-stage therapeutic targets in Kras-driven LUAD.
Thermodynamics-inspired identification of privileged organocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Zhang Yu-Shan , Zhong Bing , Dong Likun , Yang Jin-Dong , Cheng Jin-Pei 
Published: February 2025

The thermodynamics of diazaphospholenes suggest a good balance between hydricity and regeneration capacity (via electron reduction), inspiring us to identify privileged organocatalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions.
A filament eruption on the RS CVn-type star UX Ari
Authors: Cao Dongtao , Gu Shenghong 
Published: February 2025

Context. Stellar flares can be accompanied by filament or prominence eruptions, which may lead to stellar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that have significant impacts on surrounding exoplanets and stellar evolution.
Aims. We report the capture of a filament eruption associated with an optical flare on the RS CVn-type star UX Ari.
Methods. Based on high-resolution spectroscopic observations, we investigated the Doppler-shifted absorption features appeared in the Hα flaring spectra, which can be indicative of a filament eruption.
Results. A huge optical flare was observed, which lasted for at least 150 hours and released an energy of about 1.47 × 1037 erg in the Hα line. The corresponding bolometric white-light energy is converted to be 1.03 × 1039 erg, indicating that the flare is comparable to the most intense stellar superflares. A blueshifted absorption feature with a bulk velocity of −143.9 km s−1 emerged in the Hα line region during the initial phase of the flare, which then decelerated and turned into redshifted absorption. This suggests that a filament eruption happened and ultimately fell back toward the star, suggesting that it represents a failed filament eruption. The erupted filament mass of 8.5 − 15.0 × 1020 g and the kinetic energy of 8.8 − 15.5 × 1034 erg are derived. Furthermore, the relationship between the filament eruption and the flare is likely characterized by a sympathetic eruption.
Flaring activities of fast rotating stars have a solar-like latitudinal distribution
Authors: Yang Huiqin , Cheng Xin , Liu Jifeng , Liu Shuai , Zhao Zhanhao , Zhou Guiping , Hou Yijun , Gao Changliang , Niu Zexi 
Published: February 2025

Context. The dynamo theory has always been one of the biggest mysteries in stellar physics. One key reason for its uncertainty is poor knowledge of the dynamo process on stars other than the Sun. The most important observed feature of the solar dynamo is that active regions only appear at low latitudes, which provides a crucial constraint to the dynamo theory, while with Doppler imaging, the current technique to spatially resolve the stellar hemisphere, it is difficult to distinguish the equatorial region. As a consequence, the latitudinal distribution of active regions (LDAR) of stars is ambiguous and controversial, mainly due to the limitations of the current technique for spatially resolving the stellar surface.
Aims. Fast rotating stars, which are young and active, are thought to operate with a different dynamo process than the Sun. We study their LDAR and compare them with the Sun to reveal the underlying dynamo process.
Methods. Flares are drastic and observational activity events that occur in active regions. Here, we propose a new method for studying how the apparent flaring activity varies with respect to the inclination to determine the LDAR of fast rotating stars.
Results. We find that the LDAR of fast rotating stars is consistent with that of the Sun, contrary to expectations. Our results provide a crucial constraint to the stellar dynamo, indicating that the solar-like dynamo also applies to fast rotating stars, and even spans different stages of their evolution.
Handling the asymmetric spectral line profile: application to hydrogen Lyman-α transition
Authors: Solovyev D , Anikin A , Zalialiutdinov T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper discusses some features of the spectral line profile theory used in the treatment of measured atomic transitions. It is shown that going beyond the established linear approximation for the spectral line contour in the case of its nonresonant extension, the potential for a more accurate extraction of atomic characteristics from experimental data arises. Using the example of the Lyman-α (Ly
α
) transition in hydrogen, a simple analysis of the observed spectral line distorted by a possible interfering transitions is given. In particular, the results obtained in the present work clearly demonstrate that the processing of the same experimental data at different settings can provide an accurate determination of the transition frequency, the centre of gravity as well as the hyperfine splitting of the ground state in hydrogen-like atomic systems. The latter is especially important for setting up precision spectroscopic experiments on the antihydrogen atom.
Impact of stray field on spin-transfer torque and voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy assisted spin–orbit torque magnetic RAMs
Authors: Dutta Ramit , Jahan Parash Hayder , Zunaid Baten Md 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spin–orbit torque magnetic random-access memory (SOT-MRAM) has recently garnered significant attention as an emerging non-volatile memory technology. While designing SOT-MRAM arrays, it is essential to account for magnetic coupling with neighboring SOT-MRAMs (inter-cell), as well as within the MRAM itself (intra-cell), to assess their overall performance characteristics. In this work, we investigate the impact of intra- and inter-cell magnetic coupling induced stray fields on the switching characteristics of SOT-MRAMs. The magnetization dynamics of SOT-MRAMs have been analyzed based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation using a micro-magnetic simulation framework, while the Write/Read performances have been evaluated by solving the two-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation. Simulation results show that both during spin-transfer torque-assisted and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA)-assisted switching, intra-cell coupling has a greater impact than inter-cell coupling. In the presence of stray fields, the write performance improves in one switching direction or the other depending on the reference layer magnetization, whereas the read operation is essentially unaffected. Furthermore, between the two switching techniques, VCMA-assisted switching demonstrates better performances during Write operations—both in the presence and absence of magnetic coupling.
Voltage dependence of dielectric permittivity in zinc oxide varistors under time-varying AC fields
Authors: Xiao Xinyan , Shi Yuhao , Yang Lanjun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The aging stability and performance monitoring of zinc oxide (ZnO) surge arresters have attracted considerable attention in the field of electrical engineering. However, the practical performance of existing solutions remains suboptimal. A key factor contributing to this limitation is the lack of sufficient research on the conductive properties of surge arresters and varistors. In time-varying alternating current (AC) fields, ZnO varistors exhibit nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics distinct from those in direct current (DC) fields. Such complex nonlinearity results in challenges in pertinent investigations. In this study, we experimentally investigated the AC response of ZnO varistors under varying voltage amplitudes and frequencies. Subsequently, their dynamic dielectric permittivities were calculated using appropriate models and equations. Moreover, building upon an in-depth exploration of their nonlinear response and dielectric properties, we developed relevant theories (e.g. dielectric relaxation) to analyze influencing factors and underlying mechanisms reasonably. Finally, we linked the relaxation of interfacial charges at the microscopic level with the macroscopic nonlinear characteristics and elaborated on the conduction mechanism in AC fields through the dynamic behavior of nonequilibrium charges in interfacial states. Our findings demonstrate that the dielectric permittivity of ZnO varistors exhibits a voltage dependence in time-varying AC fields, providing valuable insights into their aging stabilities. These insights will provide a foundation for improving the design, performance, and aging stability monitoring of ZnO varistors in surge arresters.
Anomalous angle dependence of superconducting diode effect in a mixed spin-orbit coupling system
Authors: Huang Chuan-Shuai , Lin Weinan , Lu Xiancong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In noncentrosymmetric superconductors with strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), an external magnetic field can induce the superconducting diode effect (SDE) characterized by the helical superconductivity. In this paper, we explore the intrinsic SDE in a superconductor with both Rashba and Dresselhaus SOCs and highlight the role of magnetic field direction in the nonreciprocal helical superconductivity. Numerical results reveal that the magnitude of the field-induced Cooper-pair momentum, which is relevant for the helical superconductivity, exhibits a strong anisotropy when the direction angle of the in-plane magnetic field is varied. This anisotropy, in turn, gives rise to a complex angle dependence of the SDE. Our results can be directly tested experimentally and pave the way for realizing SDE in mixed-SOC systems.
Polaron formation by electron polarization in two-dimensional transition metal halides
Authors: Liang Yunfan , Cai Min , Peng Lang , Jiang Zeyu , West Damien , Fu Ying-Shuang , Zhang Shengbai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An electron in solid can be dressed by the lattice distortions of surroundings, forming a localized composite quasiparticle called small polaron, whose formation has been customarily attributed to the electron–phonon couplings that the ion polarization traps the excess electron. Here we present a theory of electron-polarization induced small polaron, in which the carrier localization happens spontaneously and drives subsequent ion relaxation. This mechanism of polaron formation is qualitatively different than the Mott-Stoneham picture in that there is no need to overcome a kinetic barrier for the carrier to self-trap to form a polaron.Through a combination of first-principles theory and model Hamiltonian, we show that this is the mechanism for polaron formation in the monolayer two-dimensional transition metal halides, CrI2, CoCl2 and CoBr2. These findings may explain the exceptional stability and manipulability of polarons in this class of materials by scanning tunneling microscopy.
Improved wavelet threshold denoising method for magnetic field signals of magnetic targets
Authors: Lu Binjie , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The presence of complex electromagnetic noise significantly impacts the accuracy of magnetic targets signal detection, necessitating the development of an effective denoising method to enhance detection precision. Nevertheless, traditional denoising methods faces problems such as difficulty in selecting wavelet basis, difficulty in specifying the decomposition level, and unreasonable selection of thresholds. This study introduces improved wavelet threshold denoising based on peak-to-sum ratio and composite evaluation index T, named as (PSR-T-IWTD). PSR-T-IWTD integrates the improved wavelet basis selection method, improved wavelet decomposition level selection method, improved threshold selection method, and improved threshold function design method. Calculate the composite evaluation index T and select the wavelet basis with the smallest T as the optimal wavelet basis. The optimal number of decomposition level is determined by the PSR of the wavelet detail coefficients. An improved threshold selection method and threshold function are introduced to further enhance the performance of wavelet threshold denoising (WTD). Finally, the magnetic field denoising test of the ship model was designed and compared with Butterworth low-pass filter (BLPF), optimal wavelet selection wavelet adaptive threshold denoising (OWSWATD) and improved WTD based on T (T-IWTD) to verify the effectiveness of PSR-T-IWTD. The test results show that PSR-T-IWTD has lower computational complexity. Meanwhile, PSR-T-IWTD improves the signal-to-noise ratio by 10.2%, 6.8% and 8.3% compared to BLPF, OWSWATD and T-IWTD, respectively.
Pauli decomposition via the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform
Authors: Georges Timothy N , Berntson Bjorn K , Sünderhauf Christoph , Ivanov Aleksei V 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The decomposition of a square matrix into a sum of Pauli strings is a classical pre-processing step required to realize many quantum algorithms. Such a decomposition requires significant computational resources for large matrices. We present an exact and explicit formula for the Pauli string coefficients which inspires an efficient algorithm to compute them. More specifically, we show that up to a permutation of the matrix elements, the decomposition coefficients are related to the original matrix by a multiplication of a generalised Hadamard matrix. This allows one to use the Fast Walsh-Hadamard transform and calculate all Pauli decomposition coefficients in

O

(

N
2

log
⁡
N
)

time and using

O

(
1
)

additional memory, for an N × N matrix. A numerical implementation of our equation outperforms currently available solutions.
A novel approach to constructing a parameter-controlled multi-scroll conservative hyperchaotic system: applications in image encryption
Authors: Guang Yerui , Ding Qun , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes, for the first time, a novel parameter-controllable four-dimensional multi-scroll conservative hyperchaotic system, constructed using nonlinear feedback based on modulus operations. The system exhibits rich dynamic characteristics, with a simplified mathematical model, and is more suitable for hardware implementation compared to traditional multi-scroll chaotic systems. This feature is highly significant for hardware-centric applications where both security and computational speed are of paramount importance. The size, number and spatial distribution of the scrolls in phase space can be precisely controlled through the parameters n and T. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we investigate the system’s behavior at equilibrium points, energy, phase-space volume, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation characteristics, and sequence complexity. Moreover, the system demonstrates rich coexisting behaviors not only dependent on initial conditions but also under the influence of control parameters. In addition, it exhibits hyperchaotic characteristics over a wide parameter range (a and b), which significantly enhances the security and unpredictability of the system. Based on the proposed multi-scroll conservative hyperchaotic system, a novel color image encryption algorithm is devised. The innovative plane reorganization and scrambling algorithms facilitate more effective mixing of the color planes. In conjunction with a bidirectional encryption diffusion algorithm, the changes to any pixel in any plane are propagated across all three color planes. The scrambling algorithm, derived from the controlled multi-scroll conservative chaotic system, processes row and column scrambling in parallel, thereby streamlining the scrambling procedure. Experimental results and subsequent analysis demonstrate that the proposed color image encryption algorithm exhibits robust security and is well-suited for communication scenarios with real-time processing requirements.
An improved memristive model driven cellular neural networks for highly efficient advanced image processing
Authors: Cai Xiumei , Yang Zhiru , Wu Chengmao , Song Liping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents an advanced window function designed to address the limitations inherent in current memristive models, which often encounter issues such as boundary effects, boundary-locking, high complexity, and inflexibility. Memristors, which emulate synaptic behavior in neural circuits, rely on window functions to accurately model the nonlinear doping drift phenomenon. The proposed window function enhances adjustability and flexibility, aiming to mitigate these prevalent issues. Through MATLAB simulations, this research examines the volt-ampere characteristics of memristors and benchmarks the performance of the improved window function against traditional models. Additionally, the enhanced function is applied to image processing tasks, including edge extraction and denoising, in conjunction with a cellular neural network. The results demonstrate that the improved model effectively resolves the boundary-locking issue and exhibits superior hysteresis behavior. Furthermore, the memristor-based cellular neural network outperforms existing algorithms in image processing, as evidenced by improved peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM). These findings underscore the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed window function in both memristor characterization and practical image processing applications.
Locally MoO3-induced CsPbBr3 homojunction photodetectors with improved photoelectric performance
Authors: Yan Lairong , Ren Penghui , Yang Jianping , Ding Zhenxuan , Hu Hao , Zhang Guoqiang , Zhang Yanbin , Lin Ping , Xu Lingbo , Wang Peng , Cui Can 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Perovskite-based semiconductor photodetectors have attracted wide attention in the photoelectric fields. By local MoO3 induction, MoO3:CsPbBr3−CsPbBr3 homojunction photodetector was constructed by chemical vapor deposition, exhibiting not only excellent response speed in the scale of microsecond, but also high responsivity of 247.1 A W−1 and detectivity (8.7 × 1012 Jones), roughly an order of magnitude higher than that of CsPbBr3 devices. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that the Fermi level moves closer to the top of the valence band due to the local MoO3 induction, leading to the conversion of weak p-type CsPbBr3 to a strong p-type semiconductor, which is consistent with the calculation result based on density functional theory (DFT). The band alignment in the homojunction accelerates the photo-generated carrier separation and transfer, thus improving the photoelectric performance of MoO3:CsPbBr3−CsPbBr3 homojunction. Our results provide a new strategy to design photodetectors with excellent performance by constructing homojunctions with perovskite on different substrates.