bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unde Malum? Zu einer kritischen Revision von Hans Blumenbergs Legitimität der Neuzeit
Authors: Schmidt Christoph 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
I Die vermeintliche „Überwindung“ der politischen Theologie
Die Geschichte der politischen Theologie in der Moderne erweist sich vorläufig immer noch als die Geschichte ihrer misslungenen Überwindungen. Trotz ihrer vielfachen Erledigungen zeigt die politische Theologie, entgegen Hans Blumenbergs Prognose, eine erstaunliche Fähigkeit zur „Selbstbehauptung“. Ihre Resistenz verdankt sie dabei nicht zum Geringsten der Prätention all derjenigen Gegner, die meinten, man könne, indem man eine spezifische Form von politischer Theologie kritisiert, gleich mit allen Spielarten des politisch-theologischen Diskurses aufräumen. Ohnehin werden die meisten Überwindungen der politischen Theologie im Namen einer anderen politischen Theologie vorgenommen. So die berühmteste, von Erik Peterson stammende Widerlegung, die als Fazit der Untersuchung zum „Monotheismus als politisches Problem“ gegen Carl Schmitts politische Theologie gewendet war und den eher anstößigen Sprachgebrauch von der „Erledigung“ in Umlauf gebracht hat. Sie wurde von Peterson jedenfalls im Namen der trinitarischen Theologie des Augustinus vorgenommen, wobei Peterson eine solche Erledigung schon im Rahmen einer an Paulus' Römerbrief orientierten Theopolitik erprobt hatte. Darüber hinaus muss der Begriff der politischen Theologie nicht notwendig gegen die „Legitimität der Moderne“ eingesetzt sein, sondern versteht sich oft genug als deren dialektische Kritik, wie etwa bei Martin Buber, Paul Tillich oder später bei Jürgen Moltmann und Johann Baptist Metz.
Le déclassement international de l'Afrique
Authors: Laidi Zaki 
Published: November 2007

Africa's Reduced International Status, by Zaki Laïdi
Africa's relationship with the outside world is volatile. Ten years ago the interest shown by the superpowers seemed to offer Africa significant partici- pation in world affairs. But today the situation has altered. Africa is dogged by widespread economic crisis which has reduced its international status. Polices of structural readjustment have placed African economies since 1980 under outside tutelage without managing to extricate them from their rut. An African conversion to liberalism is not for tomorrow.
Peut-on refaire le Liban ?
Authors: Tueni Ghassan 
Published: November 2007

Is It Still Possible to Rebuild Lebanon ?, by Ghassan Tuéni
After 15 years of war, Lebanon's very viability as a nation is in question. Its people do not want a return to the pre-1975 situation, but poils show they are strongly against militias, against partition and in favour of coexistence within a majoritarian democracy. A new social contract would be necessary to rebuild Lebanon, stemming from internai consensus. This in turn should be capable of creating the necessary international consensus needed to end ail interférence from the multiple regional interests which are active in the Lebanese crisis, and who for too long have used it to further their own strategie objectives. Though réception of the Taëf Agreement proposais has not for the moment been very encouraging, they have nonetheless not been rejected out of hand. But Lebanon now needs international help under the aegis of the United Nations, which alone can wield the necessary influence over all direct and indirect protagonists in this complex conflict. This would have to be a programme of reconstruction undertaken in coordination with the Lebanese government and the Arab countries. If it has proved possible in the case of Namibia, the Gulf War and Nicaragua, why should it not work for Lebanon ?
Le coup d'Etat en Union soviétique : au-delà du mythe
Authors: Rousselet Kathy 
Published: November 2007

The Coup d'Etat in Soviet Union : Beyond the Myth, by Kathy Rousselet
Beyond the myth surrounding the democratie revolution, it is not an easy task to understand all that happened in the USSR on August 19-20-21, 1991. It is not a definite victory of democracry — the fears of other coups in the future remain ever-present. If Boris Eltsin does not answer the waits of all, the wind might turn against him. Rather than analyzing this event in terms of a rupture perhaps had one better interprete it within the continuation of political change in the USSR.
Dissuasion et non-prolifération : un équilibre difficile, nécessaire mais rompu
Authors: Boniface Pascal 
Published: November 2007

Deterrence and Non-Proliferation, a Delicate, Necessary, but Upset Balance, by Pascal Boniface
Deterrence and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons are not contradictory, but rather complementary as a balance is maintained. France once stood aside from the NPT, as it considered Soviet-American arms control an obstacle to the constitution of its own nuclear deterrent. Having joined the Treaty, France made non-proliferation its strategic priority since 1991, albeit to the detriment of its policy of deterrence. The insistence it devoted to the unlimited extension of the NPT has led France to make concessions to non nuclear states, with detrimental effects on deterrence. The decision to renew nuclear testing further compounds the delegitimisation of deterrence.
Aide extérieure aux Palestiniens : ce qui n'a pas fonctionné
Authors: Balaj Barbara , Diwan Ishac , Philippe Bernard 
Published: November 2007

External Assistance to the Palestinians : What Went Wrong ?, by Barbara Balaj, Ishac Diwan and Bernard Philippe
The historie breakthrough between the Israelis and the Palestinians in September 1993, was accompanied by an international economie aid effort to help rebuild the dilapidated infrastructure in the West Bank and Gaza, and attract private sector investment to the area. Two years later, economie activity remains stagnant at best. What went wrong ? The main reason is the unexpected ballooning of the Palestinian budget deficit, which resulted in a shortfall in donor financing for infrastructure and attendant shift toward support for start-up and recurrent costs. Gïven the constraints imposed by the political environment, the external assistance proeess has functioned as weïl as could be expected. Thus, the peace proeess is moving ahead in spite of economie diffieulties, rather than being propelle d forward as a resuit of strong economie performance, as was originally anticipated.
Rénover le Stabex
Authors: Collier Paul , Guillaumont Patrick , Guillaumont Jeanneney Sylviane , Gunning Jan Willem 
Published: November 2007

Renoving Stabex, by Paul Collier, Patrick Guillaumont, Sylviane Guillau-mont Jeanneney and Jan Gunning
This paper considers the rationale and possible modalities of a reform of « Stabex », the scheme set up by the Lomé Conventions to stabilize (agricultural) export proceeds. Such a reform could take place when the Convention between the ACP countries and the European Union is renewed. The problem is to reconcile the system's two initial principles: automatic functioning swift Stabex transfers and the agricultural aims ― two principles which have not been satisfied properly in recent years owing to increasing payment time-lags, the fungible nature of the allocations and a Dutch disease syndrome. The proposed solutions are to plan in advance for an agreement between the ACP State and the European Commission on rules for swift use of Stabex funds, based on (price or crop) insurance or (price) stabilization schemes managed outside the government budget.
Le monde au tournant du siècle
Authors: Védrine Hubert 
Published: November 2007

The World at the Turn of the Century, by Hubert Védrine
Far from being the "end of history" or a "new international order", the post-Cold War world is characterized rather by turbulent transition. Two fondamental issues are looming on the horizon : the role and place of the American "hyperpower" and the relations between the West and the other parts of the world. In the face of the risks of unilateralism and uniformization, we should strive to achieve a multipolar, diversified and multilateral world based on cooperation and negotiation. The European Union must play an important role in such a world. Faced with the risk of rejection or the West and of its values, it is necessary to hâve more regard for the pace and stages of development of non-Western countries and not to demand that they convert to democracy overnight. This is a key condition for the emergence of a genuinely universal consensus and of an authentic "international community".
Sécurité européenne et sécurité des Etats baltes : les vertus de l'ambiguïté stratégique
Authors: Beltran Jacques 
Published: November 2007

European Security and Security of the Baltic States, by Jacques Beltran
The candidacies for membership of NATO from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania pose a strategie problem that transcends to a large extent the security concerns of these three States. Going ahead with such an enlargement despite Russia's repeated hostility could easily jeopardize the already-difficult relations that the Western countries have with Moscow. It would probably be preferable to leave these three republics in a situation of strategie ambiguity, while offering them a chance of closer ties with the European Union. The eventual objective would be for Russia to consider the Baltic States as stepping-stones to the single European market.
Les enjeux de la stabilisation et de la reconstruction des Balkans
Authors: Vukadinovic Nebojsa 
Published: November 2007

The Challenges of Stabilizing and Rebuilding the Balkans, by Nebojsa Vukadinovic
The end of the Kosovo crisis has given way to an international will to stabilize and rebuild the Balkans. Now the challenges involved in these two processes diverge on many points and could easily ignore the local realities of the countries in the region. The Balkan Stability Pact, which encompasses all the international initiatives taken on behalf of Southeastern Europe and which aims to reconstitute sub-regions, may also become an additional initiative without any real impact. Yet in the Balkan countries it represents a half-open door to the European Union. Moreover, the reconstruction that has been announced is tending towards a fragmented approach, given the specifie features of each country concerned. New cases of destabilization may resuit from this discrepancy between reconstitution and break-up.
Minorités nationales en Europe et protection des droits de l'Homme : un enjeu pour l'élargissement
Authors: Riedel Sabine 
Published: November 2007

National Minorities in Europe and the Defence of Human Rights -A Challenge for EU Enlargement, by Sabine Riedel
In the discussion about the protection of minorities in Eastern Europe, measures of positive discrimination are frequently recommended, such as a separate educational System and minority representation in parliament and administration. However, as this article tries to prove, such measures lead to a destruction of multiethnic societies and linguistic segregation, thus giving up chances for an integration of minorities. The result is an increase of inter-ethnic tensions instead of their solution. The study recommends to give up the search for new collective rights and to implement the general prohibition of discrimination in international documents and in the European Convention on Human Rights.
Off the record. Mode d'emploi d'un instrument de coordination
Authors: Legavre Jean-Baptiste 
Published: November 2007

Off tbe record. Mode d'emploi d'un instrument de coordination.
Jean-Baptiste Legavre. [135-157].
Le off est un «signal», un «indice» entre le journaliste et son informateur. Il est un «instrument d'anticipation» sur la conduite à venir. Il n'est pourtant pas une règle univoque. Il ne suffit pas à l'informateur de dire «c'est off» pour que chacun sache exactement à quoi s'en tenir. Inversement, l'informateur n'a pas forcément besoin de le dire pour que chacun identifie la situation comme étant en off. En définitive, tous les utilisateurs de la règle ne l'appréhendent pas identiquement. Sa bonne compréhension suppose de la situer dans un système d'échange entre le journaliste et sa «source». La confiance est le principe régulateur des pratiques.
Les prémices de la «démocratisation culturelle». Les intellectuels, l'art et le peuple au tournant du siècle
Authors: Dubois Vincent 
Published: November 2007

Early beginnings of «cultural democratization». Intellectuals, art and the people at the turn of the century
Vincent Dubois. [36-56].
Cultural democratization policies are «naturally» legitimate but seem to be structurally vague. Their genesis makes this paradox understandable. The debate about «art and the people» at the turn of the century is submitted to the rules of the intellectual field. So, «art and the people» becomes a «bubbling» question with universal purposes, implicating its protagonists'positions. It becomes a «social problem» that political agents have to take into account, but it keeps the marks of the fights that made it appear. An explanation of the paradox, making «cultural democratization» as «natural» as difficult to define can be found in the restoration of the genesis.
Les territoires du politique. Sur les usages festifs de l'espace parisien à la fin du XIXe siècle
Authors: Ihl Olivier 
Published: November 2007

Les territoires du politique. Sur les usages festifs de l'espace parisien à la fin du XLXe siècle.
Olivier Ihl [15-32].
L'examen du rôle tenu par Paris dans le système festif républicain permet de saisir l'incidence des représentations territoriales dans le processus de construction de la citoyenneté. Il en dévoile surtout les coordonnées symboliques : au travers des pratiques festives initiées par les autorités, Paris se vit assignée un mode de centralité original, fondée sur la dissociation fonctionnelle du dispositif empirique de la ville et du support imaginaire de la capitale. Une dissociation qui a abouti à déterritorialiser le sentiment d'appartenance à la nation, en suscitant des formes de connivences et de sociabilité affranchies des logiques traditionnelles de l'univers communautaire.
Personnes âgées et vote. Les significations plurielles de la participation électorale dans la vieillesse
Authors: Thomas Hélène 
Published: November 2007

The elderly and the vote. Plural meanings of electoral participation during old age.
Hélène Thomas. [104-118]
In the case of very old people (over 80), the electoral act results from the combination of a political and a symbolic dimensions - the latter becoming more and more important as the person reach tbe end of their life. We have explored these two dimensions through a qualitative survey based on interviews, conducted beween 1988 and 1992 with 60 persons aged 75and over, most of them living in collective housing. Electoral participation of tbe elderly is viewed as one of the aspects of participation to social networks. This participation seems to have for the old person a reintegrative function. It reinforces and proves his/her belonging to the national communily and to preserve one of the component of his/her social identity - his/her citizenship.
Le vote désinvesti. Quelques éléments d'analyse des rapports au vote
Authors: Gaxie Daniel 
Published: November 2007

The indifferent voter. Analysis of electors' relationship with their votes.
Daniel Gaxie. [138-164].
The less interested in politics are the citizens, the more likely they are to abstain from voting. At the same time, electoral participation depends on a lot of other factors, especially the feeling of civic duty. Voters are therefore very differents with regard to their concern in the election they participante in. That is the reason why the study of electoral bebaviour must focus on and start with inequally involved citizens' attitude towards their vote. This paper presents some results of an inquity held in the town of Amiens during tbe municipal elections of 1989. Both sarnple survey and thorough interviews were conducted. They show that voters pay unequal attention to the campaign and are unequally familiar with the candidates, the main issues and the results of the election. Their way of voting varies also very much with their degree of concern. Tbe most interested decide tbemselves more often on general and political grunds, even if they are far from the rational voter model. More indifferent citizens' "choice" is more inconsistant and less general, it is frequently made on practical interests of their everyday life or on their evaluation of the personality of one of tbe candidates.
Le modèle du «manager». L'imposition d'une figure légitime parmi les hauts fonctionnaires des collectivités locales
Authors: Roubieu Olivier 
Published: November 2007

Le modèle du «manager». L'imposition d'une figure légitime parmi les hauts fonctionnaires d'une collectivité locale.
Olivier Roubieu [35-48].
La figure du secrétaire général-manager est le produit complexe de caractéristiques «objectives» et de prescriptions normatives imposées par l'image que ceux-ci ont d'eux-mêmes et de leur fonction, mais aussi par celle que les "publics" auxquels ils sont confrontés attendent d'eux. On a choisi ici de privilégier l'étude des phénomènes sociaux qui ont contribué à la légitimation de ce modèle symbolique parmi les secrétaires généraux. On montre ainsi ce que la consolidation du modèle doit à l'action d'agences «extérieures», à celle de certaines organisations professionnelles, mais également à la concentration du pouvoir municipal au profit du maire et d'un petit groupe de fidèles.
L'homme politique en campagne. L'élection municipale de Dunkerque en mars 1989
Authors: Sawicki Frédéric 
Published: November 2007

The campaigning politician. The March 1989 municipal election in Dunkirk.
Frédéric Sawicki [127-139].
The observation of the March 1989 municipal election in Dunkirk shows that the trade of a campaigning politician not only amounts to his aptitude to use standardised mobilisation and communication techniques. The techniques used by the candidates and the symbolic register they employ depend largely upon the type of political resources they possess, the properties of the group which support them, the characteristics of the local political sphere, and on the specific effects of the electoral campaign as an interaction. The political craft, in these conditions, is the capacity to handle at best these constraints : elected representatives or candidates manage less their image than the communication phenomena that substantiate it.
L'infrastructure conversationnelle de la parole publique. Analyse des réunions politiques et des interviews télédiffusées
Authors: Relieu Marc , Brock Franck 
Published: November 2007

L'Infrastructure conversationnelle de la parole publique. L'analyse des réunions politiques et des interviews télédiffusées.
Marc Relieu, Franck Brock [77-112]
À travers une présentation d'un ensemble de travaux anglo-saxons en analyse de conversation portant sur les réunions politiques et les interviews télédiffusées, cet article indique deux directions d'analyse pour l'étude de la parole publique. Tout d'abord, les problèmes de coordination posés par les échanges de paroles en général sont résolus par les conversants grâce à la mise en œuvre d'un ensemble de procédés qui permettent de donner un sens public à des actions dans le moment même de leur réalisation. Ensuite, les formes d'intervention du public comme le destinataire ou le producteur de certains échanges de paroles. Deux champs de recherche sont successivement abordés : a) L'interaction entre un locuteur et une audience co-présente, qui nécessite de constituer méthodiquement un agrégat d'individus en public ; b) L'organisation des interviews télédiffusées et la façon dont les interactants travaillent à la production d'une forme typiquement reconnaissable pour un public, destinataire privilégié des propos échangés. La description de l'organisation interlocutoire des meetings politiques et des interviews télédiffusées rappelle l'absence d'une discontinuité radicale entre la conversation ordinaire et les formes du parler en «public».
Comment se faire entendre ? La prise de parole des auditeurs de RTL
Authors: Cardon Dominique 
Published: November 2007

Comment se faire entendre ? Les prises de paroles des auditeurs de RTL.
Dominique Cardon [145-186]
Cet article rend compte d'une enquête menée au standard des «Auditeurs ont la parole» ( RTL) une émission radiophonique où les auditeurs sont invités à exprimer en direct leurs opinions concernant l'actualité du jour. L'analyse factorielle d'un corpus constitué par les conversations préalables des auditeurs avec les standardistes de la station permet de décrire les compétences que doivent manifester les participants pour satisfaire aux critères de recevabilité d'une prise de parole ordinaire dans ce type d'arène. Deux modes d'accès à l'espace public, l'argumentation et l'interpellation, peuvent être dégagés de l'analyse des différents procédures énonciatives par lesquelles les auditeurs honorent la présence d'un public anonyme. Le premier construit le public comme un espace de points de vue ; le second le prend à témoin pour le sensibiliser à une cause qui, directement ou indirectement, concerne le locuteur. Cette double syntaxe des prises de parole renvoie aussi à deux ensembles d'attentes normatives relatives à la forme de l'espace public : les premières appellent une évaluation du caractère pacifié et vraisemblable des opinions, les secondent éprouvent l'authenticité du témoignage et la justesse de la cause qu'il entend défendre.
Lieux intérieurs et culture publique au Maroc
Authors: Ferrie Jean-Noël 
Published: November 2007

Interlor Places and Public Culture in Morocco.
Jean-Noël Ferrie [187-202]
This article focuses on the public space notion in Morocco. It criticizes the classic distinction between «private» and «public», and the idea according to whether many behaviors «private» would depend on a moral equally «private». On the contrary, it shows that arguments used to justify a private position are identical to these use to justify a public position. In Morocco, the difference between the «private» and the «public» does not reside in the content of the argument but in the social recognition that is granted it. Is «private» what is known but can not be «recognized». Is «public» what is recognized. The Moroccan power can not control the multiples ways of life of the population ; it can, however, avoid to recognize them. Thus it is that the liberty of the intimate life is not recognized. It exists as practical but to recognize it implies to put in cause many situations of power linked to the State and to the patriarchal organization leader again a part of relationships between peoples.
De l'«exclusion» à l'exclusion
Authors: Didier Emmanuel 
Published: November 2007

De «l'exclusion» à l'exclusion.
Emmanuel Didier [5-27].
L'exclusion est abordée ici par le biais du langage, auquel nous accordons le pouvoir de nous mener au réel. Après avoir recherché les occurrences de l'ensemble dérivationnel de l'exclusion, nous dessinons les états de la société que ce vocabulaire décrit. Ceci permet de construire trois modèles sociaux dans lesquels il est possible d'être exclu. Ces modèles se sont historiquement mêlés et influencés. Esquisser cette histoire permet de comprendre le travail de traduction qui a permis de rendre la notion d'exclusion omniprésente et diverse. On s'attache ensuite à clarifier les règles de l'usage du vocabulaire de l'exclusion, puisque celui-ci ne peut être utilisé que dans certaines circonstances pour décrire et performer un certain type de monde.