bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method to Produce 4× Triticales and their Application in Studying the Development of a New Polyploid Plant
Authors: Baum M. , Lelley T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractF1 hybrids of triticale × rye derived from commercial varieties were backcrossed to the respective triticale parent. Selfing of the backcross generation yielded a large number of 4× triticales containing a genetically balanced wheat genome. This indicates that the 28‐chromosome F1 plants with the genomic constitution of ABRR produced functional 14‐chromosome gametes in high frequency each with a complete wheat and rye genome. The cytological mechanism leading to the formation of tetraploid triticales is described. The chromosomal constitution of the wheat genome in the progenies of 30 back cross plants was analysed by the C‐banding technique. One offspring possessed a complete B genome of wheat. The production of tetraploid triticale through backcrossing in comparison to selfing the ABRR hybrid is largely independent of the genotype; it leads to new tetraploids in just three generations and it reduces the chance of translocations between the homoeologous wheat chromosomes. The possibility of studying the effect of different mixtures of chromosomes of the A and B genomes of wheat on the phenotype of the tetraploid triticale is discussed.
Chromosome Constitution of Hexaploid Triticale Lines in the Recent International Yield Trials*
Authors: Lukaszewski A. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLines of hexaploid triticale included in the 11th and 12th Eucarpia Triticale Yield Nurseries and the 18th and 19th International Triticale Yield Nurseries were karyotyped using C‐banding. A new chromosome substitution, 6D(6A), was identified in both spring and winter triticales. It is likely that the substitution first appeared in the progenies of octoploid × hexaploid triticale hybrids at CIMMYT and within a few years spread to about one‐fourth of spring materials. The 2D(2R) substitution appeared in winter triticales, probably by introgression from spring lines from CIMMYT.
Use of Isozyme‐Marked Segments from Wild Barley (Hordeum spontaneum) in Barley Breeding
Authors: Brown A. H. D. , Munday J. , Oram R. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFifty‐six accessions of Hordeum spontaneum from various Israeli habitats were hybridized with, and their progeny backcrossed three times to H. vulgare cv. ‘Clipper’. Selected chromosome segments marked by one of 24 isozyme loci were transferred to form 84 backcross lines which were nearly isogenic with ‘Clipper’. Each line was made homozygous for a single isozyme‐marked segment. These lines were evaluated in preliminary and advanced field trials. The yield, malt extract percentage and grain size of the lines approached or equalled, and sometimes significantly surpassed, that of ‘Clipper’ and more recent commercial cultivars. Three isozyme‐marked segments were combined in pairs and the three resultant doubly‐marked lines were compared with the reconstituted parental, singly‐marked lines and with the ‘Clipper’ recombinant from the same F2‐array. The additive effects of single segments on yield or gram size were not significant, whereas half of the six interactions were significant, but in the unfavorable direction. It was concluded that near‐isogenic lines can identify segments of wild barley germplasm that are useful for improving yield, but that pairs of these from different habitats may interact unfavourably.
Selection in Faba Bean for Tolerance to Broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forsk.
Authors: Radwan M. S. , Abdalla M. M. F. , Fischbeck G. , Metwally A. A. , Darwish D. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSix populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were developed through various selection schemes to examine the influence of selection In improving tolerance to Orobanche crenata (Forsk.) in local faba bean stocks. All populations trace their origin to 209 farmers’ seed lots that were collected from Egypt. The entries of each population were grown during the 1982/1983 season in the Orobanche nursery located at Giza in Egypt. Comparison among means of the selected, populations showed that more progress in improving Orobanche tolerance could be achieved from combined selection between and within lots. Between‐lots selection was less efficient than single‐plant selection. Results, of this study show that considerable progress could be achieved from selection for Orobanche tolerance in local faba bean germplasm. There was sufficient residual genetic variation in the selected populations to expect substantial progress from further selection for most tolerance traits.
Effective Transfer of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility from Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to Rape (Brassiest napus L.)1)
Authors: Paulmann W. , Röbbelen G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOne of the CMS systems presently investigated by rape breeders is the alloplasmic system derived from a male sterile radish and transferred to rape. However, these male sterile lines of rape with the radish cytoplasm exhibit yellow leaf colour at low temperatures. Moreover, no restorer genes for this system are known to occur in rape. The present investigation was, therefore, directed to the formation of new cross combinations between radish and rape in order to eliminate the above mentioned problems by additional transfer of corresponding radish genes into the rape recipient.After the initial intergeneric crosses, male sterile hybrids were received by in‐vitro embryo culture and colchicine treatment. These hybrids were not backcrossed to rape as usual, but to one of the monogenomic ancestral species of rape, in order to increase the probability of allosyndesis between radish and rape chromosomes. After subsequent back‐crossing with rape, the desired male sterile plants with 38 chromosomes were recorded, forming normal green leaves even at low temperatures.In a parallel backcross programme, restorer genes from male fertile radish were also transferred into rape by the same backcrossing procedure. The first alloplasmic male fertile plants were found in the BC: generation. They were cross pollinated to male sterile plants to prove their potential of fertility restoration.
Chromosomal Stability in the Backcross Progenies of Pentaploid Hybrids between Avena sativa L. and A. maroccana Gdgr.
Authors: Zadoo S. N. , Choubey R. N. , Gupta S. K. , Premachandran M. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn a backcrossing programme to transfer desirable characters from wild Avena maroccana Gdgr. to cultivated oats, A. sativa L., meiotically stable plants in BC1F3 and BC2F2 progenies were isolated. The recovery of stable genotypes with 2n = 6×= 42 chromosomes indicated that two backcrosses are enough for such a programme. The cytological observations in various backcross generations are presented and discussed.
An Improved In Vitro Culture Procedure for Embryoids Derived from Isolated Microspores of Rape (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Mathias Regine 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn in vitro culture technique was developed that allowed the effective culturing of embryos derived from isolated microspores of rape (Brassica napus L.). The method consists of the use of microspores from buds at well‐defined development stages, the use of a double‐layer culture medium containing activated charcoal and the incubation of embryoids in culture flasks on a shaker. These culture modifications, together with the growing of embryoids on solid medium with high agar concentration, resulted in a high frequency of embryoids growing directly into plants.
The Effect of Isozyme Selection on Yield and Flowering Time in Lolium perenne
Authors: Hayward M. D. , McAdam N. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA series of lines, differing in isozyme genotype, were constructed by selection from within three cultivars of Lolium perenne. Field assessment of the progeny of these selected line? revealed variation in yield and timing of inflorescence emergence. This variation between lines from within a cultivar could not be accounted for by the differing levels of homozygosity attained. In some instances differences in yield were associated with homozygosity for specific alleles at the PGI/2 locus, background genotype was however, of major importance. The variation identified could be attributable to founder effects or possible linkage of quantitative trail loci to the PGI/2 locus.
Location of a Gene for Resistance to Eyespot (Pseudocercosparella herpotrichoides) on Chromosome 7D of Bread Wheat
Authors: Worland A. J. , Law C. N. , Hollins T. W. , Koebner R. M. D. , Giura A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChromosome 7D of the wheat line VPM1 derived from a cross of Aegilops ventricosa with wheat confers resistance to the facultative fungal parasite Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. To determine the number of genes responsible fur this resistance, homozygous recombinant lines were developed from an F1 between the wheat variety ‘Hobbit sib’ and a substitution line carrying chromosome 7D of VPM1 in a ‘Hobbit sib’ background.Resistance to Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides is shown to be determined by a single gene located distally on the long arm of chromosome 7D. EpD1b, a unique allele of a gene encoding the readily detectable isoenzyme — endopeptidase, maps without recombination to Pch1 suggesting for two separate genes a maximum recombination value of 0.03 (P 0.05). Resistance to Pherpotrichoides could alter‐natively be a product of Ep‐D1b. Pch1 is also mapped against a gene for adult plant resistance to brown rust (Puccinia recondita), to Rc3 which confers coleoptile colour, and to α‐Amy‐D2, an isozyme that encodes α‐amylase production.
Anther Culture Response in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Olesen A. , Andersen S. B. , Deu I. K. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract20 diploid clones from 7 varieties, and 10 tetraploid clones from 3 varieties of Lolium perenne were tested in replicated anther culture experiments. Embryos or calluses, were obtained from all clones, and plants were regenerated from all clones except one. The total yield of plants (albino and green plants) ranged from 0 to 61 plants per 100 cultured anthers among genotypes, and there was a general tendency for tetraploic genotypes to be more responsive. Viable green plants were obtained from 5 diploid and 7 tetraploid clones representing 2 and 3 varieties, respectively. Their origin from reduced pollen was confirmed by a haploid chromosome number in some regenerants and by homozygosity for isozyme loci in spontaneously chromosome doubled plants produced from heterozygous diploid donor plants. A large number of the plants were successfully established in the soil. For most donor genotypes, green plants were rare exceptions, but two diploic clones consistently produced 2.3 and 3.8 green plants per 100 cultured anthers, respectively. Estimates of variance components from replicates with greenhouse and field‐grown donor plants showed that genotypes accounted for about 73 per cent of the total variation in yield of embryos/calluses, while only 14—15 per cent of the total variation was due to replicates. Hence at present, emphasis should be placed on die selection of high‐response genotypes in material of high agronomic potential.
Amino Acid Resources of the Wild Relative of Barley (Hordeum spontaneum) in Israel
Authors: Corke H. , Atsmon D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMeasurements were made on amino acid contents in collection of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum)., grown in pot conditions, and in some Israeli breeding lines and cultivars of Hordeum vulgare. H. spontaneum was low in lysine content and high in prolilne plus glutamic acid compared to H. vulgare. Lysine content was positively correlated, in H. spontaneum, to all other ammo acids except proline and giutamic acid. Inter‐populanon rnean differences for Iv‐saie in H. spontaneum were small and lysine variation was obscured due to variation in protein content.The use of H. spomancum in breeding high protein. nutritionally improved barley is discussed.
Evaluation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landrace Populations Originating from Different Growing Regions in the Near East*
Authors: Weltzien Eva 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study characterizes barley (Hordcttm vulgare L.) garmplasm that evolved under continuous cultivation in highly drought‐prone areas of the Near East. Landrace population:) originating from 70 locations in Syria and Jordan were evaluated under field conditions in Tel Hadia, Svria, on the basis of single head‐row progeny performance. Significant genetic variation was found for all traits recorded: seed colour, kernel row number, growth habit, awn barbing, days to heading, culm length, leaf widths, awn length, early growth vigour, lodging score, and mildew resistance.For most traits, large proportions oi the total variation were tound between head progenies tvhh.in single populations. The qualitative traits, growth haba, seed colour, and awn barbing showed higher variation indices in populations originating from the drier regions ol Syria. Populanons from tbe drier regions; headed slightly earlier, had narrower leaves, longer eulms and tended to be more susceptible to lodging and mildew than populations originating in the higher rainfall areas in Syria.For all traits, the variance components resulting from differences among populations within a particular growing region, as well as those among populations from differences regions, were highly significant. This indicates that this germplasm stock contains materials with adaptability to these diverse growing conditions. The vanabili:y present within populations, as well 25 that among populations with similar adaptability, is sufficient to allow successful election for productivity‐related traits.
Effectiveness of Ethrel as a Male Gametocide in Pearl Millet and its Influence on Ergot
Authors: Thakur R. P. , Rao V. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn field and greenhouse experiments Ethrel (2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid) was tested for its male garnetocidal effects on pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) and its subsequent effects on ergot development. Application of Ethrel at 2000 ppm at late boot or early protogyny was the most effective for inducing male sterility in the hybrid, EJ 104. Female fertility in a male sterile line, however, was not affected by Ethrel treatment. Ethrel at 2030 ppm applied at ihe late boot stage resulted1 in partial paniele exsertion, and reduced plant height anc. panide length. In vitro Ethrel (2000 ppm) completely inhibned pollen germination but did not affect germination of conidia of Claviceps fusiformis, the causal agent of ergot of pearl millet. Ergot resistance or susceptibility in pearl millet lines was not affected., probably because Ethrel could not induce complete male sterility.
Synthetic Amphiploids of Wheet as a ource of Resistance to Karnal Bunt (Neovossia Indica)
Authors: Multani DilbagS. , Dhaliwal H. S. , Singh Paramjit , Gill Khem S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwelve synthesized ainphiplonds involving Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica)‐resisiant accessions of Triticum monococum, T. boeoticum and Aegilops sqiwrrosa and susceptible but otherwise well adapted and high yielding T. Durum cultiviars were evaluated for Karnal bunt resisiance under artificial inoculation conditions. All ihe synthetic amphiploids, except DWI. 5031 x T. monocoirtum aniphlploid, were free from Karnal bunt disease indicating that the Karnal bunt resistance or T. motsococcum, T. boeoticMrn and Ae, squarrosa is expressec in the presence of the dnrum complement. The importance and utilization of the amphiploids fox breeding wheat varieties resistant to karnal bunt are discussed.
A Genetic Study of Frost Resistance in Wheat Callus Culture
Authors: Galiba G. , Sutka J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe genetic control of frost resistance was studied in callus cultures using some of the chromosome substitution lines of the variety ‘Cheyenne’ into ‘Chinese Spring’. The survival of the calli derived from immature embryos was studied with triphenyltet‐razolium chloride (TTC) and fluorescein diacetate (5DA) methods after hardening and freezing at a temperatures of ‐7 °C, ‐9 °C, ‐11 °C, ‐13 °C, and –15 °C. The donor ‘Cheyenne’ and the substitution lines 5A and 5D proved to be more frost resistant than the recipient ‘Chinese Spring1. These results are well correlated with the previously published studies when seedlings were tested under controlled conditions. Based on these results the tissue culture technique seems to be useful for testing varieties and lines for different levels of frost resistance and even for mutant selection.
Attempts at Interspecific Hybridization Between Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. acutifolius A. Gray‐Using Embryo Rescue
Authors: Andradf‐Aguilar J. A. , Jackson M. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAttempts at interspecific hybridization were made between Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and P. acutifolius (tepary bean) using a new pollination method and embryo rescue. The success of interspecific hybridization depended upon the pollination technique, the species and individual genotypes used as female and male parents, and the growth conditions. A high hybridization efficiency was achieved when P. vulgaris was used as female parent. When pods were left on the maternal plants hybrid seeds were obtained which developed into abnormal seedlings. These died at an early stage of growth. Hybrid plants were grown to maturity following embryo rescue, but all showed different developmental abnormalities. The growth of these was determinate like the female parent, P. vulgaris, but leaf morphology was closer to the male parent, P. acutifolius. The utilization of P. acutifolius germplasm for the improvement of common bean remains limited, and further studies are needed to develop promising embryo rescue protocols in such wide crossing programmes.
Somatic Fusion for Breeding of Tetraploid Potatoes
Authors: Deimling S. , Zitzlsperger J. , Wenzel G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFrom two tetraploid, one Transformed tetraploid, one triploid and 11 dihaploid clones of Solanum tuberosum somatic hybrids were produced by polyethylene glycol mediated somatic fusion. The inter‐dihaploid clones comprised clones of agronomic value, homozygous doubled monohaploids, and in vitro selected clones resistant t0 Fusarium or Phytophthora toxins. Presumptive hybrids were enriched at the callus Stage in vitro by using differentiating media and by growth characteristics; further identification was performed by chromosome counting in vitro shoots and by isozyme analysis of in vitro plants. Final analysis was made from morphological characteristic of plant and tuber phenotypes. From 15 different combinations, 6009 plantlets have been regenerated. From five combinations, 310 reentrants were checked for hybrid nature by morphology and cytology and 88 by peroxidase and esterase isozyme analyses. Amongst these, from two combinations, a total of 17 different hybrids were confirmed by all methods. The procedures described are general enough to allow genome combination of interdihaploids resulting in tetraploids of practical breeding value.
Selection Among Early Generation Peanut Progeny for High and Low Acetylene Reduction and Plant Weight*
Authors: Arrendell Susan , Wynne J. C. , Elkan G. H. , Schneeweis T. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSelection of superior host genotypes in symbiosis with native Bradyrhizobium has been suggested as a means of increasing nitrogen fixation m peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In this study progeny from a cross of cultivars ‘Florigiant’ and ‘Florunner’ inter‐mated twice and selected for yield formed the base population. The 44 selected S2,1 families, ‘Florigiant’ and ‘Florunner’ were evaluated at two sampling dates at each of two locations for traits indicative of nitrogen fixation. Five families were selected in each of four selection groups — high and low acetylene reduction and high and low plant weight. Selected families were retested in a second year and inter‐mated. S2,1 progeny within each selection group were bulked and evaluated for nitrogen‐if using characteristics at two ‘sampling dates at two locations. After intermating, the mean of the high acetylene reduction group, 62.9 μ/moles C2H4/plant hr, was Significantly greater than the mean of the low acetylene reduction group, 52.5 μmoles C2H4/plant/hr, and of the mid‐parent, 55.8 μ/moles C2H4/plant/hr. The associated estimate of realised heritability was 55 ± 08 indicating the response to selection was approximately halt the selection differential and that the distinction between families selected for high and low acetylene redaction was maintained after intermating. However, the realized heritability estimate obtained from the means of the base population and the selected families inbred one generation was .14 ± .06 indicating a failure to maintain distinct groups after one generation of inbreeding. The utility of early generation selection for enhanced N: fixation is, therefore, doubtful in this population.Selection based on plant weight was not effective. A significant difference in the plant weight means of the high and low plant weight groups was not detected when selections were retested or after inter‐mating. Plant weight was not a useful indirect selection criterion for enhanced N2 fixation.
Genetic Analysis of Developmental Traits in Chickpea
Authors: Kidambi S. P. , Sandhu T. S. , Bhullar B. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop in India. The present study was conducted to investigate the inheritance of several developmental traits in three crosses of chickpea, viz., WFWG III’×‘T20’, ‘T88’×‘Bold Seeded’, and ‘NP34’×‘P1528‐1‐1’, each having seven generations. The seven generations were P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, F2, and F3. The experimental lay‐out was randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were acquired on days to flowering (DF), days to maturity (DM), plant height in cm (PH), number of primary branches (PB), and number of secondary branches (SB). Generation mean analysis was used to estimate the genetic components; narrow sense heritability was estimated using variance components; and correlation analysis to estimate correlation coefficients among different traits. Genetic differences were found in all three crosses for all traits studied. Additive, dominance, and epistatic effects were found for many traits'. Duplicate epistasis was observed for all traits except number of PB. Higher order interactions and/or linkage were detected for DM and SB. For many traits the relative magnitudes of the genetic effects differed among crosses, thus the extrapolation to other crosses may be difficult. The inheritance becomes more complex as the fate of the character is decided at a later stage in the life cycle. Positive heterosis was observed for some traits, but the exploitation of this component may not Feasible since stable male sterile lines are not available. Early maturity and high yield ‘may be selected independently because of the absence of any significant correlation between these two traits.
Stand der Hybridweizenzüchtung in der DDR
Authors: Merfert W. , Schilowa Irina , Faustmann M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPresent state of hybrid wheat breeding in the GDRThe possibility of developing economically efficient hybrid wheat is demonstrated by own experimental results. Male sterile analogues, based on T. timopheevi, with a satisfactory level of yield and sufficient sterility were produced. Restores were obtained by combining analogues and use of the pedigree method which resulted in strains with complete restoration and high grain yield. Hybrid seed yields approaching 70% of normal wheat yields were obtained on 1‐ and 3‐m ms strips with a ms: Rf ratio of 1: 1.5—2.5The yields of the best hybrids in a tweleve‐location trial rose from 98% compared to the standard variety ‘Alcedo’ (5.8t/ha) in 1975—1980 to 109% (7.24t/ha) in 1981—1985. In 10‐ and 30‐ha fields, yields were 122% and 110% of those recorded in the reference variety. Better results are expected form the use of new restorers and genetically divergent ms‐forms and will probably be accomplished through international cooperation.