bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Systems of Emergency and Inpatient Neurologic Care in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Shrestha Gentle Sunder , Nepal Gaurav , Prust Morgan Lippitt 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeurologic diseases represent a significant global health challenge, leading to disability and mortality worldwide. Healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries are disproportionally affected. In these resource-limited settings, numerous barriers hinder the effective delivery of emergency and inpatient neurologic care, including shortages of trained personnel, limited access to diagnostics and essential medications, inadequate facilities, and absence of rehabilitation services. Disparities in the neurology workforce, limited access to neuroimaging, and availability of acute interventions further exacerbate the problem. This article explores strategies to enhance global capacity for inpatient neurologic care, emphasizing the importance of workforce development, context-specific protocols, telehealth solutions, advocacy efforts, and collaborations.
Concordance rate between oligoclonal bands and the Kappa index in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Domingues Renan Barros , Santos Márcio Vega dos , Salomão Daiane , Senne Carlos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and Kappa free light chains (FLCs) in the cerebrospinal ﬂuid (CSF) are sensitive markers of intrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig)G synthesis in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Objective To evaluate the concordance rate between OCBCs and the Kappa index (KI) in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods Patients with suspected MS were referred to a specialized CSF laboratory as part of their diagnostic investigation. Paired CSF and serum samples were collected and submitted to detection of OCBs and determination of the KI. Positive and negative results were determined with both methods, and the percentage of agreement between them was established.
Results In total, 171 serum and CSF samples from 171 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of the patients was of 40 ± 14.2 years; 18.9% of them were male, and 81.1% were female. The OCBs and KI presented concordant results in 161 (94.2%) samples: in 74 (43.3%), both were positive, and in 87 (50.9%), both were negative. In 10 cases, the results were discrepant: KI positive/OCB negative in 8 and OCB positive/KI negative in 2 cases.
Conclusion The KI and OCBs presented high concordance level. Currently, the detection of OCBs in the CSF is the standard method for MS diagnosis, but it is time-consuming, and its visual interpretation can be difficult. The results suggest that the KI is a good alternative for the detection of intrathecal immunoproduction in cases of suspected MS.
Interventional Radiology Management of Pediatric Liver Tumors
Authors: Kim Tammy , Shaikh Raja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPediatric liver tumors are not only rare, they are also different from the adult liver tumors. Hepatoblastomas and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are the most common primary malignant tumors seen in children. Fibrolamellar HCC, sarcomas, cholangiocarcinoma, germ cell tumor, and rhabdoid tumor and metastatic tumors comprise the remainder of liver malignancies. Hepatic infantile hemangiomas, mesenchymal hamartoma, regenerative nodules, adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia are the common benign liver tumors of childhood. The Pediatric Hepatic International Tumour Trial (PHITT) is an international trial with the goal of evaluating new and existing treatments for pediatric liver tumors. Chemotherapy, surgery, and liver transplantation are well-established in the management of pediatric liver tumors. In the background of increasing incidence of pediatric tumors, and availability of newer, less invasive modalities to treat tumors, it is vital to understand the role of interventional radiology in the management of pediatric liver tumors.
Underrepresented and Underserved Populations in Neurological Research
Authors: Windon Charles C. , Jackson Ashley J. , Aguirre Gloria A. , Tucker Miwa , Amuiri Alinda , Hill-Jarrett Tanisha , Chen Miranda , Pina Escuedro Stefanie D. , Lieu Kevin , Lopez Lucia , Mei Diana , Tee Boon Lead , Watson Caitlin W. , Agwu Chidera , Kramer Joel , Lanata Serggio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderserved and underrepresented populations have historically been excluded from neurological research. This lack of representation has implications for translation of research findings into clinical practice given the impact of social determinants of health on neurological disease risk, progression, and outcomes. Lack of inclusion in research is driven by individual-, investigator-, and study-level barriers as well as larger systemic injustices (e.g., structural racism, discriminatory practices). Although strategies to increase inclusion of underserved and underrepresented populations have been put forth, numerous questions remain about the most effective methodology. In this article, we highlight inclusivity patterns and gaps among the most common neurological conditions and propose best practices informed by our own experiences in engagement of local community organizations and collaboration efforts to increase underserved and underrepresented population participation in neurological research.
Menstruation-Related Angina—The Wee Hours
Authors: Goyette Sandy , Mishra Tulika , Raza Farah , Naqvi Zahra , Khan Sarah , Khan Abrar , Igman Pamphil , Bhat Malpe Surekha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLiterature reveals two kinds of menstruation-related anginas—cardiac syndrome X (CSX) and catamenial angina. CSX generally occurs in perimenopausal or postmenopausal women; catamenial angina affects females from puberty to menopause with existing/preexisting or predisposed to coronary artery disease. CSX involves recurring anginal-type retrosternal chest pains during exercise or rest with no significant findings on angiogram. Catamenial angina is menstruation-associated recurrent nonexertional left-sided chest pain alongside diaphoresis, hot flushes, and persistent lethargy. Pathophysiology of both anginas revolve around decreased levels of estrogen. Estrogen is known to act via genomic and nongenomic pathways on cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells to exert its cardioprotective effect. These cardioprotective effects could be lost during the postovulation phase and at the end of menstruation as well as during perimenopause or menopause owing to the decreased levels of estrogen. Evaluation should begin with a history and physical examination and focus on noninvasive tests such as exercise tolerance test, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. Reducing symptoms that cause discomfort and improving quality of life should be the main goal in management. Nitrates along with β blockers and analgesics for pain are the main pharmacologic modalities. Exercise training, smoking cessation, weight loss, and dietary changes are nonpharmacological modalities. Proper awareness and effective communication with patients or caregivers can lead to early diagnosis and treatment initiation.
Excision of the Distal Pole of the Scaphoid and the Midcarpal Joint
Authors: Izard Paul , Parody Nicholas , Glickel Steven , Yassin Sallie , Wollstein Ronit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Excision of the distal pole of the scaphoid is used to treat arthritis of the scaphotrapezial trapezoid (STT), radioscaphoid joint, and arthritis following scaphoid nonunion. Some patients develop midcarpal instability limiting utilization of this technique. Why some wrists develop postoperative instability while others do not, remains unclear.
Questions/Purposes To identify the wrists prone to developing midcarpal joint instability we evaluated the effect of midcarpal joint structure on force transfer through the wrist, we hypothesized that the force transfer will be further altered when a distal pole excision is performed and that midcarpal joint structure will affect force transfer.
Patients and Methods We used finite element analysis based on 19 computer tomography wrist scans. Nine type 1 (lunate has a facet with the capitate alone) and 10 type 2 (lunate has facets with both the capitate and hamate) models were prepared. A 200 N force was evenly split and applied to the dorsal crests of the trapezoid and capitate (100 N along each crest) to replicate the performance of a knuckle push-up. Displacement of the trapezoid, trapezium, scaphoid, capitate, and hamate was measured along each axis after the applied load. The simulation model was used to predict motion at the capitate and STT joint with excision of the distal pole.
Results Excision of the distal pole of the scaphoid affected the transfer of forces significantly (∼200% all bones in all directions) in all wrists. There are significant differences in force transfer between type 1 and type 2 wrists in the amount of force transferred (type 1 > type 2), in the percent difference from an intact wrist (type 1 > type 2) and in the direction of displacement (type 1 the bones moved in different directions while type 2 wrists moved as one block).
Conclusion This study suggests that midcarpal joint structure affects force transfer through the wrist and may predict wrist behavior following excision of the distal pole of the scaphoid. Specifically, type 1 wrists may be more prone to midcarpal joint collapse after excision.
Level of evidence: 1.
Central Pancreatectomy: Balancing between the Favorable Functional Results and the Increased Associated Morbidity
Authors: Symeonidis Dimitrios , Paraskeva Ismini , Samara Athina A. , Kissa Labrini , Valaroutsos Alexandros , Petsa Eleana , Tepetes Konstantinos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction Central pancreatectomy (CP) represents an organ-preserving type of pancreatic resection. The procedure has been associated with improved long-term functional results, but increased postoperative morbidity rates, compared with the more radical resection types. The purpose of the present study was to present the outcomes of three consecutive CPs performed in our department.
Materials and Methods Between January 2021 and January 2022, three patients (A, B, and C) were submitted to a CP in our department. Relevant patient data including data of the detailed preoperative assessment, operations notes, and recovery charts were prospectively collected and reviewed for all subjects. A scheduled follow-up, at the outpatient clinic, was conducted to assess the long-term functional results.
Results The postoperative course of patient A, a 56-year-old male, was complicated by a grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula that required a reoperation. Patient B, a 66-year-old female, developed a biochemical leak that resolved spontaneously while patient C, a 64-year-old male, had a completely uneventful recovery. The length of hospital stay for the three patients was 24, 12, and 8 days, respectively. Regarding the long-term results, patient B was lost to follow-up while both patient A and C were followed up, as outpatients, 21 and 10 months after the operation. During follow-up, in patient A, we did not record the presence of symptoms consistent with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels were 7.1% while no additional medications were needed to be prescribed to maintain the glycemic control following surgery. In patient C, a significant weight loss was recorded (body mass index reduction of 11 kg/m2) without however the presence of malabsorption-specific symptoms. The HbA1C levels were 7.7% and optimal glycemic control was achieved with oral antiglycemic agents alone.
Conclusion CP should be regarded as a type of pancreatic resection with certain and very limited oncological indications. An approach of balancing the advantages out of the superior postoperative functional results with the drawbacks of the increased procedure-associated morbidity could highlight the patient group that could potentially experience benefits out of this limited type of resection.
Lobbying transparency and attitudes towards interest groups: a survey experiment
Authors: Crepaz Michele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the growing interest for lobbying in public opinion research, little is known about citizen’s attitudes towards interest groups, especially after legislation making lobbying transparent is passed. Using data from a pre-registered survey experiment conducted with a panel of 569 participants from the Republic of Ireland, this study shows that when exposed to information about lobbying conducted by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and business organisations, citizens do not improve their evaluations of interest groups. Surprisingly, against the general expectations found in the transparency literature, information about lobbying does not trigger positive changes in attitudes. A post hoc analysis of the participants’ reactions to the transparency treatment reveals that citizens may have little interest or understanding of political activities such as lobbying. The study, however, also reveals that lobbying transparency does not backfire producing unexpected negative effects. This adds a new perspective to the recent debate on how public opinion responds to interest group behaviour.
Influence of Zr aggregation on Li-ion conductivity of amorphous solid-state electrolyte Li–La–Zr–O
Authors: Zhang Dexin , You Yiwei , Zhao Chundong , Cao Xinrui , Lü Tie-Yu , Zhu Zi-Zhong , Wu Shunqing 
Published: March 2024

In our study, we investigated the influence of the local structure of amorphous Li–La–Zr–O (a-LLZO) on Li-ion conductivity using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). A-LLZO has shown promising properties in inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites, making it a potential candidate for solid electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium batteries. The low Li-ion conductivity of a-LLZO is currently limiting its practical applications. Our findings revealed that the homogeneous distribution of Zr–O polyhedra within the pristine structure of a-LLZO contributes to enhanced Li-ion conductivity. By reducing the interconnections among Zr–O polyhedra, the AIMD-simulated a-LLZO sample achieved a Li-ion conductivity of 5.78 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature, which is slightly lower than that of cubic LLZO (c-LLZO) with a Li-ion conductivity of 1.63 × 10−3 S/cm. Furthermore, we discovered that Li-ion conductivity can be influenced by adjusting the elemental ratios within a-LLZO. This suggests that fine-tuning the composition of a-LLZO can potentially further enhance its Li-ion conductivity and optimize its performance as a solid electrolyte in lithium batteries.
Identification and dynamic monitoring of electrospinning jet assisted by coaxial laser
Authors: Jiang Jiaxin , Sun Zhengtao , Shi Zheyu , Chen Huatan , Wang Xiang , Zheng Gaofeng , Ye Ruifang , Li Wenwang 
Published: March 2024

The accurate and rapid detection and recognition of jet features are key to dynamic monitoring and online control of the electrospinning process. In this study, a real-time recognition system based on OpenCV was introduced into a coaxial laser-assisted electrospinning system to solve the difficulties of accurate jet recognition and to promote an image processing algorithm response. The jet images with laser assistance were more clearly visible than those without laser assistance, and a significant contrast in grayscale levels existed in the jet image to help distinguish jet features. Subsequently, separate algorithms were designed for the jet visible length calculation, and the recognized visible length of the jet and algorithm running speed were compared. The average visible length of the jet with laser assistance was 11.49 mm, which increased by 1.59 mm compared to that without laser assistance. In addition, the running time of the algorithm with laser assistance was 24.89 ms, reduced by 14.84 ms compared to that without laser assistance, indicating the effectiveness of laser assistance to promote the accuracy and running speed of the jet image recognition process. Additionally, real-time detection of the jet angles was achieved to identify instances of excessive deflection during the electrospinning process. Overall, this study has significant potential to promote the dynamic monitoring of an electrospinning jet.
‘Where have you been hiding this voice?’
Authors: Migdadi Fathi , Badarneh Muhammad A. , Qudaisat Areej 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explores compliments given by judges to contestants on the TV talent show Arab Idol. A
total of 120 comments from the third season 2014–2015 were analyzed for compliment types, structures, lexicon, and supportive
remarks. Spenser-Oatey’s (2000, 2002, 2005a, 2005b, 2008) rapport management theory was employed to determine how judges managed rapport with contestants
through compliments. The analysis shows that the majority of judges’ compliments on the show were explicit
compliments that were based on three syntactic patterns and four types of positive semantic carriers conveying
complimenting adjectives, verbs, nouns, and adverbs. A smaller category of implicit compliments involved such
strategies as comparison/contrast, rhetorical questions, and
praising contestant’s country. Both categories were typically qualified by supportive or weakening elements
such as repetition, encouragement, and criticism, resulting in a third category
of ‘macro-compliments’. The study shows that rapport management accounts to a large extent for the judges’
complimenting behavior.
Investigation on the influence of temperature-variation clearance on the frequency of rolling bearing defects
Authors: An Wenjie , Gu Yanling , Chen Changzheng , Zheng Hao , Tian Miao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The clearance between the inner ring (IR) of rolling bearing and rotor is directly proportional to the temperature rise. The increased friction between the IR and rotor, as well as changes in the frequency of rolling bearing defects, and the accuracy of bearing health monitoring decreases. Existing research cannot effectively solve this problem. In response to the above issues, in this paper, the clearance between the bearing IR and the rotor and the internal clearance of bearing were considered, and the clearance was considered as the motion boundary of the rotor inside the IR, dynamic models of the bearing IR, outer ring (OR), and rolling element defects were established, and the trend of rolling bearing defects frequencies with temperature was analyzed, then the rationality of the dynamic models were verified through experimental methods. The research results show that the friction between the rotor and the IR increases with increasing temperature, and the speed of the IR decreases accordingly. The characteristic frequencies of defects in the IR, OR, and rolling element of rolling bearings have decreased by approximately 6.42%, 8.07%, and 6.93% compared to the theoretical values without considering temperature, respectively. This indicates that when identifying the frequency of rolling bearing defects at different temperatures, the frequency deviation caused by the increase in clearance between the IR and the rotor should be considered. The research results may serve as an important basis for fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of rolling bearings.
Light-driven small-scale soft robots: material, design and control
Authors: Ma Yihao , Zhang Yiwei , Yang Lianchao , Qin Hengshen , Liang Wenfeng , Zhang Chuang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Small robots for drug transportation, environmental detection and military reconnaissance have been a popular research topic in the field of robotics. Recently, people have proposed using light-driven actuators to make flexible and remote-controllable small robots. Herein, we reviewed the research on light-driven soft robots in recent years. First, we summarized and compared the performance and fabrication method of light-driven actuators. Then, we classified and summarized the structures of robots according to their move mode. After that, we described how to control the robot. Finally, the challenges of light-driven robots are discussed.
Quantum simulation of excited states from parallel contracted quantum eigensolvers
Authors: Benavides-Riveros Carlos L , Wang Yuchen , Warren Samuel , Mazziotti David A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Computing excited-state properties of molecules and solids is considered one of the most important near-term applications of quantum computers. While many of the current excited-state quantum algorithms differ in circuit architecture, specific exploitation of quantum advantage, or result quality, one common feature is their rooting in the Schrödinger equation. However, through contracting (or projecting) the eigenvalue equation, more efficient strategies can be designed for near-term quantum devices. Here we demonstrate that when combined with the Rayleigh–Ritz variational principle for mixed quantum states, the ground-state contracted quantum eigensolver (CQE) can be generalized to compute any number of quantum eigenstates simultaneously. We introduce two excited-state (anti-Hermitian) CQEs that perform the excited-state calculation while inheriting many of the remarkable features of the original ground-state version of the algorithm, such as its scalability. To showcase our approach, we study several model and chemical Hamiltonians and investigate the performance of different implementations.
Reputation-based synergy and discounting mechanism promotes cooperation
Authors: Zhu Wenqiang , Wang Xin , Wang Chaoqian , Liu Longzhao , Zheng Hongwei , Tang Shaoting 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A good group reputation often facilitates more efficient synergistic teamwork in production activities. Here we translate this simple motivation into a reputation-based synergy and discounting mechanism in the public goods game. Specifically, the reputation type of a group, either good or bad determined by a reputation threshold, modifies the nonlinear payoff structure described by a unified reputation impact factor. Results show that this reputation-based incentive mechanism could effectively promote cooperation compared with linear payoffs, despite the coexistence of synergy and discounting effects. Notably, the complicated interactions between reputation impact and reputation threshold result in a sharp phase transition from full cooperation to full defection. We also find that the presence of a few discounting groups could increase the average payoffs of cooperators, leading to an interesting phenomenon that when the reputation threshold is raised, the gap between the average payoffs of cooperators and defectors increases while the overall payoff decreases. We further extend our framework to heterogeneous situations and show how the variability of individuals affect the evolutionary outcomes. Our work provides important insights into facilitating cooperation in social groups.
Families of propagating soliton solutions for (3+1)-fractional Wazwaz-BenjaminBona-Mahony equation through a novel modification of modified extended direct algebraic method
Authors: Noor Saima , Alshehry Azzh Saad , Shafee Ahmad , Shah Rasool 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The article presents a new modification to the modified Extended Direct Algebraic Method (mEDAM) namely r+mEDAM to effectively and precisely acquire propagating soliton and other travelling wave solutions to the Fractional Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (FWBBM) equation. By using this updated approach, we are able to find more and new families of propagating soliton solutions for the FWBBM problem, such as soliton, kink, lump-like singular, trigonometric, hyperbolic, periodic, shock, singular & non-singular wave solutions. We also provide 3D and 2D graphs that visually illustrate the obtained solutions. By obtaining accurate propagating soliton solutions, our r+mEDAM proves to be practical while also revealing important details about the dynamics of the equation and suggesting possible applications in the fields of optics, materials research, and water waves.