bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Otolith Chemistry and Radiotelemetry to Determine Age‐Specific Migratory Patterns of Anadromous Bull Trout in the Hoh River, Washington
Authors: Brenkman Samuel J. , Corbett Stephen C. , Volk Eric C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe complementary use of otolith chemistry and radiotelemetry demonstrates that bull trout Salvelinus confluentus from the Hoh River, Washington, exhibit considerable life history variability. Adult bull trout lived exclusively in the river, inhabited freshwater for prolonged periods and later became anadromous, or were anadromous and made multiple migrations between freshwater and salt water. Twenty of 40 radio‐tagged juvenile bull trout emigrated to the ocean at lengths ranging from 243 to 360 mm (mean, 287 mm), which is the first published verification of anadromy at this life history stage. Otolith chemistry analyses of 105 bull trout that were incidentally killed in commercial gill‐net fisheries revealed that 85% had migrated from freshwater to the sea at least once and that 75% had migrated multiple times. Anadromous females produced 95% of all individuals examined, but both anadromous and nonanadromous females produced progeny that were anadromous. Age at first seaward migration ranged from 3 to 6 years, 88% first emigrating to sea in their third or fourth growth year. For ages 3 and 4, anadromous individuals were larger than those that remained in freshwater. A wide size range (287–760 mm, 0.2–4.9 kg) of bull trout were killed in commercial fisheries; ages 3–5 composed 88% of the total bycatch. Relocation data from radio‐tagged juvenile and adult bull trout provided important insights on anadromous movements that helped to validate inferences drawn from widely oscillating strontium levels in otolith chemistry. In view of the direct mortality in gill‐net fisheries, an understanding of the age‐specific movements and life history variability of anadromous bull trout will be crucial to future conservation efforts, which should focus on improved monitoring of recreational and commercial bycatch in Pacific salmon fisheries.
Atrazine is an immune disruptor in adult northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens)
Authors: Brodkin Marc A. , Madhoun Hareth , Rameswaran Muthuramanan , Vatnick Itzick 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Atrazine, the most widely used herbicide in the United States, has been shown in several studies to be an endocrine disruptor in adult frogs. Results from this study indicate that atrazine also functions as an immune disruptor in frogs. Exposure to atrazine (21 ppb for 8 d) affects the innate immune response of adult Rana pipiens in similar ways to acid exposure (pH 5.5), as we have previously shown. Atrazine exposure suppressed the thioglycollate-stimulated recruitment of white blood cells to the peritoneal cavity to background (Ringer exposed) levels and also decreased the phagocytic activity of these cells. Unlike acid exposure, atrazine exposure did not cause mortality. Our results, from a dose–response study, indicate that atrazine acts as an immune disruptor at the same effective doses that it disrupts the endocrine system.
Characterizing sediment acid volatile sulfide concentrations in European streams
Authors: Burton G. Allen , Green Andrew , Baudo Renato , Forbes Valery , Nguyen Lien T. H. , Janssen Colin R. , Kukkonen Jussi , Leppanen Matti , Maltby Lorraine , Soares Amadeu , Kapo Katherine , Smith Preston , Dunning John 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSediment acid volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations were measured in wadeable streams of a wide variety of ecoregions of western Europe (84 sites in 10 countries and nine ecoregions) to better understand spatial distribution and ecoregion relationships. Acid volatile sulfide has been shown to be a major factor controlling the bioavailability and toxicity of many common trace metals, such as Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Sediment characteristics varied widely. The ratio of the sum of the simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) to AVS ranged from 0.03 to 486.59. The ΣSEM-AVS ranged from −40.02 to 17.71 μmol/g. On a regional scale, sediment characteristics such as dominant parent soil material showed significant trends in AVS distribution and variation by ecoregion. Total Fe and Mn were correlated weakly with SEM concentrations. Three AVS model approaches (i.e., the SEMAVS ratio, SEM-AVS difference, and carbon normalization) were compared at threshold exceedance levels of SEM/AVS &gt; 9, SEM-AVS &gt; 2, and SEM-AVS/foc &gt; 150 μmol/g organic carbon (OC). Only 4.76% of the sediments exceeded all three AVS thresholds; 22.6% of the sediments exceeded two models; and 13% of the sediments exceeded one model only. Using the SEM:AVS, SEM-AVS, and fraction of organic carbon models, and including site-specific data and regional soil characteristics, ecoregions 1 (Portugal), 3 (Italy), 4 (Switzerland), and 9 (Belgium/Germany) had the highest potential metals toxicity; ecoregions 13 and 8 (Belgium/France) showed the lowest potential toxicity. However, because AVS can vary widely spatially and temporally, these data should not be considered as representative of the sampled ecoregions. The general relationship between AVS levels and sediment characteristics provides some predictive capability for wadeable streams in the European ecoregions.
Hepatic responses of gene expression in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta lacustris) exposed to three model contaminants applied singly and in combination
Authors: Krasnov Aleksei , Afanasyev Sergey , Oikari Aimo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemical pollution of the aquatic environment is almost always the result of multiple rather than single toxic compounds. The possibility of separating the effects of key risk chemicals from those of others, including their joint effects, is of clear theoretical interest and high technical importance. We addressed this goal using multiple gene expression profiling in the liver of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta lacustris) exposed to three model chemicals (cadmium, carbon tetrachloride [CCl4], and pyrene) administered singly, in binary and trinary combinations at low acutely sublethal concentrations, and in the partial dose–response manner. Differentially expressed genes were grouped by correlation of profiles, and the dependence on dose was analyzed with multiple regression. Responses to cadmium and CCl4 were largely similar, and no sign of interaction was observed (i.e., in binary combinations, the effects were equal to those produced by the more potent compound, cadmium). Joint effects became apparent in the presence of pyrene, which caused markedly different alterations in gene expression. Using the results of 118 experiments conducted earlier for comparison, we found a group of 23 genes responding to chemical toxicity (cadmium, CCl4, pyrene, and resin acids) with significantly higher probability than that of responding to other stressors (handling or viral and bacterial infections). This group included genes implicated in the immune and stress responses that were markedly enriched in extracellular proteins. In conclusion, we demonstrated that chemical-characteristic genomic endpoints often remain when the chemical is present as part of a binary or a trinary mixture. Despite dissimilar chemistry and different cellular targets, the degree of responses to the combination of cadmium and CCl4 appeared to be less than additive. Chemical interactions or nonadditive effects manifested when a compound with a markedly different mode of action (pyrene) was included into the mixture.
Effects of the estrogen agonist 17β-estradiol and antagonist tamoxifen in a partial life-cycle assay with zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: van der Ven Leo T. M. , van den Brandhof Evert-Jan , Vos José H. , Wester Piet W 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA partial life-cycle assay (PLC) with zebrafish (Danio rerio) was conducted to identify endocrine-disrupting effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen (TMX) as reference for estrogen agonist and antagonist activity. Adult zebrafish were exposed for 21 d and offspring for another 42 d, allowing differentiation of gonads in control animals. The assessed end points included reproductive variables (egg production, fertilization, and hatching), gonad differentiation of juveniles, histopathology, and vitellogenin (VTG) expression. With E2, the most sensitive end points were feminization of offspring (at 0.1 nM) and increased VTG production in males (at 0.32 nM). At 1 nM, decreased F1 survival, increased F1 body length and weight, VTG-related edema and kidney lesions, and inhibited spermatogenesis were observed. Oocyte atresia occurred at even higher concentrations. Exposure to TMX resulted in specific effects at an intermediate test concentration (87 nM), including oocyte atresia with granulosa cell transformation and disturbed spermatogenesis (asynchrony within cysts). In F1, decreased hatching, survival, and body weight and length as well as decreased feminization were observed. Decreased vitellogenesis and egg production in females and clustering of Leydig cells in males occurred at higher concentrations. Toxicological profiles of estrogen agonists and antagonists are complex and specific; a valid and refined characterization of endocrine activity of field samples therefore can be obtained only by using a varied set of end points, including histology, as applied in the presented PLC. Evaluation of only a single end point can easily produce under- or overestimation of the actual hazard.
Efficient 3D Implementation of Local-Global Upscaling for Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Wen Xian-Huan , Durlofsky Louis J. , Chen Yuguang 
Published: December 2006

Summary
Upscaling is often applied to coarsen detailed geological reservoir descriptions to sizes that can be accommodated by flow simulators. Adaptive local-global upscaling is a new and accurate methodology that incorporates global coarse-scale flow information into the boundary conditions used to compute upscaled quantities (e.g., coarse-scale transmissibilities). The procedure is iterated until a self-consistent solution is obtained. In this work, we extend this approach to 3D systems and introduce and evaluate procedures to decrease the computational demands of the method. This includes the use of purely local upscaling calculations for the initial estimation of coarse-scale transmissibilities and the use of reduced border regions during the iterations. This is shown to decrease the computational requirements of the reduced procedure significantly relative to the full methodology, while impacting the accuracy very little. The performance of the adaptive local-global upscaling technique is evaluated for three different heterogeneous reservoir descriptions. The method is shown to provide a high degree of accuracy for relevant flow quantities. In addition, it is shown to be less computationally demanding and significantly more accurate than some existing extended local upscaling procedures.

Introduction
Fine-scale heterogeneity can have a significant impact on reservoir performance. Because it is usually not feasible to simulate directly on the detailed geocellular model, some type of upscaling is often applied to generate the simulation model from the geological description. Here, we focus on the upscaling of single-phase flow parameters, particularly absolute permeability. The algorithms we consider can provide either coarse-scale permeability, designated k*, or coarse-scale transmissibility, designated T* . It is important to emphasize that the accurate upscaling of permeability (which can be studied within the context of single-phase flow) is essential for the development of accurate coarse models of two-phase or multiphase flow. Thus the applicability of the methods developed here is very broad and includes all types of displacement processes.
Quantifying Uncertainty for the PUNQ-S3 Problem in a Bayesian Setting With RML and EnKF
Authors: Gao Guohua , Zafari Mohammad , Reynolds Albert C. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe well known PUNQ-S3 reservoir model represents a synthetic problem which was formulated to test the ability of various methods and research groups to quantify the uncertainty in the prediction of cumulative oil production. Previous results reported on this project suggest that the randomized maximum likelihood (RML) method gives a biased characterization of the uncertainty. A major objective of this paper is to show that this is incorrect. With a correct implementation of the RML method within a Bayesian framework, we show that RML does an adequate job of sampling the a posteriori distribution for the PUNQ problem. In particular, the true predicted oil production lies within the band of predictions generated with the RML method and is not biased. We also apply the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method to the PUNQ data set, and show that this method also gives a reasonable quantification of the uncertainty in performance predictions with an uncertainty range similar to the one obtained with RML.
Diversity, habitat use and conservation of freshwater molluscs in the lower Guadiana River basin (SW Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Pérez‐Quintero Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
A study on the distribution pattern and conservation of freshwater molluscs of the south Guadiana River (SW Iberian Peninsula) was carried out between the Alqueva dam and the Atlantic Ocean.
The knowledge of the distribution and abundance of molluscs before the closure of the Alqueva dam is an important tool for evaluating the potential reduction in diversity and the changes in species conservation status that may occur later.
Twenty‐three species (15 gastropods and 8 bivalves) were found in the study area. The presence of Unio crassus and Potomida littoralis indicates the importance of this basin for the conservation of endangered mussels (Unionidae) in the south Iberian Peninsula.
Drainage area above the sampling site explained almost 58% of the variation in species richness. Larger drainage areas had a higher number of species, including those endemic to the basin.
Patterns of habitat use were examined to identify species preferences with respect to the erosional‐depositional gradient. Islamia minuta, Pisidium casertanum and Pisidium personatum find their optimum habitat in headwaters, whereas Theodoxus fluviatilis, Mercuria emiliana, Radix auricularia and all unionid species inhabit large and stable habitats downstream without marine influence.
Populations of invasive Corbicula fluminea were found in the Guadiana River basin, both in rivers with large drainage areas and in brackish waters near the mouths of rivers.
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study on the population ecology of a topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) population in the UK and the implications for native fish communities
Authors: Britton J.R. , Davies G.D. , Brazier M. , Pinder A.C. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva is a small Asian cyprinid species that has proved invasive throughout many European countries. Following an initial introduction into the wild in 1996, the species is now proving invasive in the UK, with at least 25 infested waters in England and Wales, of which 10 are known to have direct connection to a major river catchment.
To demonstrate the threat of P. parva to fisheries in the UK, a case study is presented on a lake located in the Lake District of England where the species was introduced in 2000. The species rapidly established a breeding population that, by 2003, was the dominant species in size classes <70 mm. In 2004, they were the only species in the lake that produced young‐of‐the‐year.
Individual P. parva adopted the reproductive tactics of early maturity, multiple spawning, male dominance and male nest guarding; sexual dimorphism was manifested in larger body size of males. These traits were in contrast to the resident, native species of the lake, including roach Rutilus rutilus and gudgeon Gobio gobio, which adopted traits of later maturity and single spawning.
This case study, therefore, revealed relatively rapid establishment of a P. parva population, their subsequent numerical dominance of the fish community, and the impediment of the recruitment of native fish. The implications for UK fisheries are concerning: should P. parva continue to disperse and individuals adopt similar traits as those in this case study, there may be few waters immune from their invasion, numerical dominance and subsequent impacts.
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redips: Backlink search and analysis on the Web for business intelligence analysis
Authors: Chau Michael , Shiu Boby , Chan Ivy , Chen Hsinchun 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe World Wide Web presents significant opportunities for business intelligence analysis as it can provide information about a company's external environment and its stakeholders. Traditional business intelligence analysis on the Web has focused on simple keyword searching. Recently, it has been suggested that the incoming links, or backlinks, of a company's Web site (i.e., other Web pages that have a hyperlink pointing to the company of interest) can provide important insights about the company's “online communities.” Although analysis of these communities can provide useful signals for a company and information about its stakeholder groups, the manual analysis process can be very time‐consuming for business analysts and consultants. In this article, we present a tool called Redips that automatically integrates backlink meta‐searching and text‐mining techniques to facilitate users in performing such business intelligence analysis on the Web. The architectural design and implementation of the tool are presented in the article. To evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of Redips, an experiment was conducted to compare the tool with two popular business intelligence analysis methods—using backlink search engines and manual browsing. The experiment results showed that Redips was statistically more effective than both benchmark methods (in terms of Recall and F‐measure) but required more time in search tasks. In terms of user satisfaction, Redips scored statistically higher than backlink search engines in all five measures used, and also statistically higher than manual browsing in three measures.
Digital information support for domestic violence victims
Authors: Westbrook Lynn 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWith domestic violence directly impacting over 5 million victims in the United States annually, the growing e‐health and e‐government networks are developing digitally based resources for both victims and those who aid them. The well‐established community information and referral role of public libraries dovetails with this digital referral network model; however, no study of the actual service provided by public libraries is available. This examination of e‐mail reference responses to requests for safe‐house contact information revealed major gaps in cyber‐safety awareness and uneven implementation of professional standards for virtual reference service. Implications for information system design, professional standards, education, and future research are discussed.
Statistical modelling for process control in the sawmill industry
Authors: Beran Rudolf 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSoftwood logs are processed into green boards through a series of horizontal or vertical sawing operations that reduce lumber thickness. This paper uses physical understanding to model how systematic and random errors in board thickness accumulate during sequential resawing. The error model is validated on board thickness measurements gathered at a northern California sawmill. The analysis

explains previously puzzling patterns in the spatially averaged sample variances of board thickness measurements;

enables estimating, from measured board thicknesses, the means and variances of the thickness errors introduced by each sawing operation in the observed sequence;

generates stronger methods for sawmill quality control.

Through submodelling of the mean vector and the covariance matrix of measured thicknesses, the paper finds slight ‘wedging’ in the mean thickness of certain boards and distance‐based correlations among the random sawing errors on these boards. The one‐way random effects model, used uncritically in earlier analyses of lumber thickness measurements, does not fit the study data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixture distribution‐based forecasting using stochastic volatility models
Authors: Clements A. E. , Hurn S. , White S. I. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMany traditional econometric methods forecast the conditional distribution of asset returns by a point prediction of volatility. Alternatively, forecasts of this distribution may be generated from a mixture of distributions. This paper proposes a method by which information extracted from the estimation of a standard stochastic volatility model (using non‐linear filtering) can be used to generate mixture distribution forecasts. In general, it is found that forecasts based on mixture distributions are superior to those simply using point predictions of volatility. In terms of mixture distribution forecasts, the method proposed in this paper is found to be superior to a number of competing approaches. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian predictive inference under informative sampling and transformation
Authors: Nandram Balgobin , Won Choi Jai , Shen Gang , Burgos Corinne 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe consider the problem in which a biased sample is selected from a finite population (a random sample from a super‐population), and inference is required for the finite population mean and the super‐population mean. The selection probabilities are linearly related to the measurements, providing a non‐ignorable selection model. When all the selection probabilities are known, as in our problem, inference about the finite population mean and the super‐population mean can be made. As a practical issue, our method requires normality, but the measurements are not necessarily normally distributed. Thus, the key issue is the dilemma that a transformation to normality is needed, but this transformation will destroy the linearity between the selection probabilities and the measurements. This is the key issue we address in this work. We use the Gibbs sampler and the sample importance resampling algorithm to fit the non‐ignorable selection model to a simple example on natural gas production. Our non‐ignorable selection model estimates the finite population mean production much closer to the true finite population mean than a model which ignores the selection probabilities, and there is improved precision of the non‐ignorable selection model over this latter model. A naive 95% credible interval based on the Horvitz–Thompson estimator is too wide. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.