bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mimori A , Suzuki T , Hashimoto M , Nara H , Yoshio T , Masuyama J-I , Okazaki H , Hirata D , Kano S , Minota S 
Published: November 2006

The frequency, clinical profile, treatment and outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were assessed retrospectively, based on the case records of SLE of the Jichi Medical School Hospital over a 20 year period. Clinically defined SAH was found in 10 (3.9%) out of 258 SLE patients, which represented a frequency higher than previously assumed. Five patients had active SLE and lacked an apparent cause of SAH, other than SLE. A high mortality rate (5=5), no visible aneurysm on angiogram (3=4), and an onset during intractable SLE or after discontinued or no steroid therapy because of medical noncompliance (4=5) were characteristic of patients with active SLE, and thus an earlier successful suppression of SLE, if possible, might have prevented their SAH. In contrast, in the 5 patients with inactive SLE, 2 out of 3 saccular aneurysms were succcessfuly clipped and small bleeding of one patient without aneurysms remitted spontaneously without the need for additional steroid therapy. When one death, which occurred outside of medical care, was excluded, the survival ratio of the hospitalized SAH patients with inactive SLE was significantly better than that with active SLE (3=4 versus 0=5, P ‘ 0.0476). In conclusion, the relatively common occurence of SAH in SLE patients, and a significantly different clinical impact of SAH in respect to active and inactive SLE, were suggested from the results.
Loss of the female advantage with cardiovascular disease forwomen with diabetes
Authors: Leibson C 
Published: November 2006

Background: The relative risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with diabetes is greater for women than men, and diabetic women did not experience temporal declines in CVD mortality observed for the general population and diabetic men. Objective: To examine sex differences in CVD risk factors for persons with diabetes over time. Design: Population-based historical cohort study. Methods: The provider-linked medical records of all Rochester, MN, residents assigned a clinical diagnosis of diabetes were reviewed to confirm case status and assign diagnosis date. Data on fasting glucose, obesity, persistent proteinuria, smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were obtained at diagnosis for confirmed incidence cases. Results: There were 1330 diabetes cases 1970–1989. Compared to men, women at diagnosis were older and more likely hypertensive, had similar levels of fasting glucose and persistent proteinuria, and less likely to smoke. Among persons diagnosed at younger ages, women were more likely than men to be obese. Comparison with published data for the Rochester population revealed the excess obesity and hypertension associated with diabetes were highest for women < age 55 y. Temporal trends in CVD risk factors did not differ between diabetic men and women.
The influence of partnership centrality on organizational perceptions of support: a case study of the AHLN structure
Authors: Moore Spencer , Smith Cynthia , Simpson Tammy , Minke Sharlene Wolbeck 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of the structure and character of inter-organizational relationships found among health promotion organizations is a prerequisite for the development of evidence-based network-level intervention activities. The Alberta Healthy Living Network (AHLN) mapped the inter-organizational structure of its members to examine the effects of the network environment on organizational-level perceptions. This exploratory analysis examines whether network structure, specifically partnership ties among AHLN members, influences organizational perceptions of support after controlling for organizational-level attributes.

Methods
Organizational surveys were conducted with representatives from AHLN organizations as of February 2004 (n = 54). Organizational attribute and inter-organizational data on various network dimensions were collected. Organizations were classified into traditional and non-traditional categories. We examined the partnership network dimension. In- and out-degree centrality scores on partnership ties were calculated for each organization and tested against organizational perceptions of available financial support.

Results
Non-traditional organizations are more likely to view financial support as more readily available for their HEALTR programs and activities than traditional organizations (1.57, 95% CI: .34, 2.79). After controlling for organizational characteristics, organizations that have been frequently identified by other organizations as valuable partners in the AHLN network were found significantly more likely to perceive a higher sense of funding availability (In-degree partnership value) (.03, 95% CI: .01, .05).

Conclusion
Organizational perceptions of a supportive environment are framed not only by organizational characteristics but also by an organization's position in an inter-organizational network. Network contexts can influence the way that organizations perceive their environment and potentially the actions that organizations may take in light of such perceptions. By developing evidence-based understandings on the influence of network contexts, the AHLN can better target the particularities of its specific health promotion network.
Lymphokine-activated killer cell susceptibility and adhesion molecule expression of multidrug resistant breast carcinoma
Authors: Savas Burhan , Kerr Pauline E , Pross Hugh F 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReports showing susceptibility of multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells to immune effectors, together with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in immune effector subsets, including immature natural killer (NK) cells, and some activated T cells, suggest P-gp or some changes associated with it, have implications in immune-mediated mechanisms. A series of experiments were done to determine the nature of alterations associated with susceptibility to immune effector cells of MDR tumor cells. A cell line isolated from the malignant pleural effusion of a breast cancer patient was transfected with human and murine MDR1 genes, and four variants with different levels of MDR were obtained. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity was measured by a51Chromium release, and conjugate formation assays. MDR1 transfectant P-gp+breast carcinoma lines had increased LAK susceptibility compared to their parent line. Some part of the increased LAK susceptibility of drug-resistant cell lines was at the binding/recognition level as shown by conjugate formation assays. This suggests that differences may exist between paired cell lines with respect to the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CAMs and flow cytometry were used to quantitate these antigens. The CAMs studied were those previously found to be upregulated by stimulating NK cells with (interleukin-2) IL-2; ICAM-1 (CD54), LFA-3 (CD58), N-CAM (CD56), and the β chain of LFA-1 (CD18). Although no differences in these CAMs were found between the breast carcinoma line and its MDR1-transfected variants, the target susceptibility results given above suggest that IL-2 treatment could be effective in combination with current protocols using chemotherapeutics, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and stem cell transplantation.
Spatial and temporal variation in malaria transmission in a low endemicity area in northern Tanzania
Authors: Oesterholt MJAM , Bousema JT , Mwerinde OK , Harris C , Lushino P , Masokoto A , Mwerinde H , Mosha FW , Drakeley CJ 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Spatial and longitudinal monitoring of transmission intensity will allow better targeting of malaria interventions. In this study, data on meteorological, demographic, entomological and parasitological data over the course of a year was collected to describe malaria epidemiology in a single village of low transmission intensity.

Methods
Entomological monitoring of malaria vectors was performed by weekly light trap catches in 10 houses. Each house in the village of Msitu wa Tembo, Lower Moshi, was mapped and censused. Malaria cases identified through passive case detection at the local health centre were mapped by residence using GIS software and the incidence of cases by season and distance to the main breeding site was calculated.

Results
The principle vector was Anopheles arabiensis and peak mosquito numbers followed peaks in recent rainfall. The entomological inoculation rate estimated was 3.4 (95% CI 0.7–9.9) infectious bites per person per year. The majority of malaria cases (85/130) occurred during the rainy season (χ2 = 62,3, p < 0.001). Living further away from the river (OR 0.96, CI 0.92–0.998, p = 0.04 every 50 m) and use of anti-insect window screens (OR 0.65, CI 0.44–0.94, p = 0.023) were independent protective factors for the risk of malaria infection. Children aged 1–5 years and 5–15 years were at greater risk of clinical episodes (OR 2.36, CI 1.41–3.97, p = 0.001 and OR 3.68, CI 2.42–5.61, p < 0.001 respectively).

Conclusion
These data show that local malaria transmission is restricted to the rainy season and strongly associated with proximity to the river. Transmission reducing interventions should, therefore, be timed before the rain-associated increase in mosquito numbers and target households located near the river.
Phosphorylation of HIV-1 Tat by CDK2 in HIV-1 transcription
Authors: Ammosova Tatyana , Berro Reem , Jerebtsova Marina , Jackson Angela , Charles Sharroya , Klase Zachary , Southerland William , Gordeuk Victor R , Kashanchi Fatah , Nekhai Sergei 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Transcription of HIV-1 genes is activated by HIV-1 Tat protein, which induces phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD) by CDK9/cyclin T1. Earlier we showed that CDK2/cyclin E phosphorylates HIV-1 Tat in vitro. We also showed that CDK2 induces HIV-1 transcription in vitro and that inhibition of CDK2 expression by RNA interference inhibits HIV-1 transcription and viral replication in cultured cells. In the present study, we analyzed whether Tat is phosphorylated in cultured cells by CDK2 and whether Tat phosphorylation has a regulatory effect on HIV-1 transcription.

Results
We analyzed HIV-1 Tat phosphorylation by CDK2 in vitro and identified Ser16 and Ser46 residues of Tat as potential phosphorylation sites. Tat was phosphorylated in HeLa cells infected with Tat-expressing adenovirus and metabolically labeled with 32P. CDK2-specific siRNA reduced the amount and the activity of cellular CDK2 and significantly decreased phosphorylation of Tat. Tat co-migrated with CDK2 on glycerol gradient and co-immunoprecipitated with CDK2 from the cellular extracts. Tat was phosphorylated on serine residues in vivo, and mutations of Ser16 and Ser46 residues of Tat reduced Tat phosphorylation in vivo. Mutation of Ser16 and Ser46 residues of Tat reduced HIV-1 transcription in transiently transfected cells. The mutations of Tat also inhibited HIV-1 viral replication and Tat phosphorylation in the context of the integrated HIV-1 provirus. Analysis of physiological importance of the S16QP(K/R)19 and S46YGR49 sequences of Tat showed that Ser16 and Ser46 and R49 residues are highly conserved whereas mutation of the (K/R)19 residue correlated with non-progression of HIV-1 disease.

Conclusion
Our results indicate for the first time that Tat is phosphorylated in vivo; Tat phosphorylation is likely to be mediated by CDK2; and phosphorylation of Tat is important for HIV-1 transcription.
Case mix, outcomes and comparison of risk prediction models for admissions to adult, general and specialist critical care units for head injury: a secondary analysis of the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database
Authors: Hyam Jonathan A , Welch Catherine A , Harrison David A , Menon David K 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Introduction
This report describes the case mix and outcome (mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay) for admissions to ICU for head injury and evaluates the predictive ability of five risk adjustment models.

Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted of data from the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (ICNARC) Case Mix Programme, a high quality clinical database, of 374,594 admissions to 171 adult critical care units across England, Wales and Northern Ireland from 1995 to 2005. The discrimination and calibration of five risk prediction models, SAPS II, MPM II, APACHE II and III and the ICNARC model plus raw Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) were compared.

Results
There were 11,021 admissions following traumatic brain injury identified (3% of all database admissions). Mortality in ICU was 23.5% and in-hospital was 33.5%. Median ICU and hospital lengths of stay were 3.2 and 24 days, respectively, for survivors and 1.6 and 3 days, respectively, for non-survivors. The ICNARC model, SAPS II and MPM II discriminated best between survivors and non-survivors and were better calibrated than raw GCS, APACHE II and III in 5,393 patients eligible for all models.

Conclusion
Traumatic brain injury requiring intensive care has a high mortality rate. Non-survivors have a short length of ICU and hospital stay. APACHE II and III have poorer calibration and discrimination than SAPS II, MPM II and the ICNARC model in traumatic brain injury; however, no model had perfect calibration.
Suicidal behaviour in youths with depression treated with
new-generation antidepressants
Authors: Dubicka Bernadka , Hadley Sarah , Roberts Christopher 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundConcern exists that antidepressants can cause suicidality in youths with
depression.AimsTo determine the pooled risk of self-harm and suicidal behaviour from
randomised trials of newer antidepressants.MethodA meta-analysis was carried out to calculate odds ratios for the combined
data.ResultsSelf-harm or suicide-related events occurred in 71 of 1487 (4.8%) of
depressed youths treated with antidepressants v. 38 of
1254 (3.0%) of those given placebo (fixed effects odds ratio 1.70, 95% CI
1.13–2.54, P=0.01). There was a trend for individual
suicidal thoughts, attempts and self-harm to occur more often in youths
taking antidepressants than in those given placebo, but none of these
differences was statistically significant.ConclusionsAntidepressants may cause a small short-term risk of self-harm or
suicidal events in children and adolescents with major depressive
disorder.
Sustained attention and executive functions in euthymic young
people with bipolar disorder
Authors: Kolur U. S. , Reddy Y. C. J. , John J. P. , Kandavel T. , Jain S. 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundPersistent neuropsychological impairments have been reported in the
euthymic phase of bipolar affective disorder. However, the findings have
been confounded by multiple episodes, chronic illness and residual mood
symptoms.AimsTo assess sustained attention and executive functioning in euthymic young
people with bipolar I disorder who had had no more than two affective
episodes.MethodThirty euthymic patients (with illness duration of less than 5 years and
no more than two affective episodes) and 30 matched healthy individuals
were assessed for sustained attention and executive functioning.ResultsThe bipolar group (mean age 22.4 years, s.d.=2.52; duration of illness
20.87 months, s.d.=14.72), showed impairment on tasks of attention and
executive functioning. Multivariate logistic regression analysis
demonstrated that deficits in executive functioning differentiated cases
from controls. There was no correlation between residual depressive
symptoms and neuropsychological performance.ConclusionsDeficits in attention and executive functioning were present in young
people who had experienced only a few episodes of bipolar disorder,
suggesting that the deficits are possibly trait abnormalities. Whether
these deficits worsen with progression of illness needs to be examined in
longitudinal studies.
The schizophrenia drug-treatment paradox: pharmacological
treatment based on best possible evidence may be hardest to practise in
high-income countries
Authors: Adams Clive E. , Tharyan Prathap , Coutinho Evandro S. F. , Stroup T. Scott 
Published: November 2006

SummaryMost people with schizophrenia live in low- and middle-income countries in
which clinicians/policy makers are not the first targets of marketing.
Because it is years after a drug is first launched that the full effects
become known with confidence, the evidence upon which to base practice in
low- and middle-income countries may be less biased than that in richer
nations.
Evaluating the Interventions for Struggling Adolescent Readers
Authors: Fisher Douglas , Ivey Gay 
Published: November 2006

Struggling adolescent readers need interventions that provide them with opportunities to read more and to read better. The authors examine two case studies of interventions at work and propose criteria on which to evaluate intervention programs. Their review of the evidence on these programs for struggling adolescent readers suggests that at least five factors must be present for the intervention to matter:
The teacher should play a critical role in assessment and instruction.
The intervention should reflect a comprehensive approach to reading and writing.
Reading and writing in the intervention should be engaging.
Interventions should be driven by useful and relevant assessments.
Interventions should include significant opportunities for authentic reading and writing.
Evidence of greater dung beetle abundance in a rewilded area compared to nearby organic farms
Authors: Brompton Sarah , Cotton Sam , Steer Mark D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Organic farms have been shown to harbour larger and more diverse invertebrate populations and associated ecosystem services compared to other conventional farming methods. However, data on the impacts of rewilding on invertebrates remain scarce.

Dung beetles contribute significantly to ecosystem function and are considered reliable indicators of ecological integrity. They have undergone serious population declines, largely due to changing agricultural practices.

Dung beetles were sampled simultaneously at each of four sites for a total of 120 trapping days at each site. Two of the sites had been rewilded using large, free‐roaming herbivores, and two were nearby organic farms.

The rewilding sites yielded greater species richness and abundance compared to organic farms. The abundance of dung beetles was more than 20 times greater at the rewilded sites compared to organic sites.

One paracoprid (dung‐burying) species, Onthophagus similis, was particularly abundant, comprising 95% of all individuals at the rewilded sites. Nonetheless, captures at the rewilding sites remained significantly higher even after this species was omitted from the analysis.

Practical implication: While additional research is necessary to ascertain whether our findings signify an atypical occurrence, the evidence from this case study suggests that rewilding with large herbivores may provide an effective strategy to combat dung beetle declines, restore ecological function and enhance ecosystem services.
Ti3C2 QDs@CNTs with Active Titanium Species as Bidirectional Catalytic Cathode for Facilitating Lithium Polysulfide Conversion in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Tao Xiao , Qi Yujie , Gu Qinhua , Cao Yiqi , Zhai Zhaofeng , Zhang Chuyan , Han Wenjuan , Huang Nan , Lu Ming , Wang Li , Zhang Bingsen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe slow redox kinetics and severe shuttle effect caused by the diffusion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) severely hinder the practical application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The construction and utilization of catalytic electrode materials are promising strategies to effectively suppress shuttle effect and accelerate redox kinetics of sulfur species. This work reports a simple hydrothermal‐ultrasonic combined method to construct conductive titanium carbide quantum dots (Ti3C2 QDs) supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Ti3C2 QDs@CNTs composites) as efficient electrocatalysts for Li–S batteries. Based on the analysis of dynamic evolutions of Ti3C2 QDs catalysts and sulfur species, Ti3+ and Ti4+ species can be identified as active species that accelerate Li2S nucleation and dissociation. Due to the abundant catalytic active sites from Ti3C2 QDs, Ti3C2 QDs@CNTs effectively catalyze the conversion of LiPSs. Moreover, the conductive CNTs matrix and Ti3C2 QDs significantly enhance charge transport, allowing for rapid Li+/electron transfer. As a result, Ti3C2 QDs@CNTs/S electrode exhibits high initial capacity, good rate capability, and improved long‐term cyclability. This work provides a promising strategy to introduce QDs into the cathode of Li–S battery to achieve better electrochemical performance.
Broadband THz Modulation via Solid‐State Organic Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Scott Jonathan , Kludze Atsutse , Santamore Megan , Kousseff Christina J. , McCulloch Iain , Ghasempour Yasaman , Rand Barry P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe sub‐Terahertz and Terahertz bands play a critical role in next‐generation wireless communication and sensing technologies, thanks to the large amount of available bandwidth in this spectral regime. While long‐wavelength (microwave to mm‐Wave) and short‐wavelength (near‐infrared to ultraviolet) devices are well‐established and studied, the sub‐THz to THz regime remains relatively underexplored and underutilized. Traditional approaches used in the aforementioned spectral regions are more difficult to replicate in the THz band, leading to the need for the development of novel devices and structures that can manipulate THz radiation effectively. Herein a novel organic, solid‐state electrochemical device is presented, capable of achieving modulation depths of over 90% from ≈500 nm of a conducting polymer that switches conductivity over a large dynamic range upon application of an electronically controllable external bias. The stability of such devices under long‐term, repeated voltage switching, as well as continuous biasing at a single voltage, is also explored. Switching stabilities and long‐term bias stabilities are achieved over two days for both use cases. Additionally, both depletion mode (always “ON”) and accumulation mode (always “OFF”) operation are demonstrated. These results suggest applications of organic electrochemical THz modulators in large area and flexible implementations.
Alkali Induction Strategy for Artificial Photosynthesis of Hydrogen by TiO2 Heterophase Homojunctions
Authors: Xu Minghua , Ruan Xiaowen , Shahid Malik Zeeshan , Meng Depeng , Fang Guozhen , Ding Chunsheng , Zhang Wei , Leng Jing , Wang Songcan , Ravi Sai Kishore , Cui Xiaoqiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe robust separation and utilization of photogenerated electrons‐holes (e−‐h+) are key in accelerating redox reactions. Unlike traditional heterojunction photocatalysts, homojunction features different energy bandgaps with interchangeable compositions that can significantly trigger charge carrier dynamics, but their precise construction remains an ongoing challenge owing to quick lattice‐level modulations. Herein, TiO2‐based homojunction (HTM‐OH) holding dissimilar yet discernible crystalline phases (anatase and rutile) are rationally constructed by a straightforward alkali‐induced strategy which enables controllable lattice‐transition/orientation. The resulting HTM‐OH exhibits speedy separation and well‐guided flow of e−‐h+ over redox sites with extended carrier lifetime, leading to high‐rate hydrogen generation (HER, 34.35 mmol g−1 h−1) under simulated sunlight. Moreover, a self‐made thin film of HTM‐OH indicates a notable scale‐up potential under real‐time sunlight. This work furnishes a new non‐complex homojunction strategy for speeding charge carrier kinetics, credibly extendable to a diverse range of catalysts and applications.