bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: attitudes among pediatric residents and nurses towards fetal and neonatal management
Authors: Renella P. , Chang R.‐K. R. , Ferry D. A. , Bart R. D. , Sklansky M. S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the attitudes of pediatric residents and nurses towards fetal/neonatal management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), and their basis.MethodsPediatric residents and nurses from three cardiac centers completed a survey with hypothetical scenarios in which their own fetuses or newborns had HLHS. While Institution A performs many HLHS surgeries, Institution C performs very few.ResultsA total of 43% of residents and 50% of nurses would terminate an affected pregnancy. More experience (4 to 7 years, p = 0.04; >7 years, p = 0.05) and employment at institution C (p = 0.04) predicted termination. Expected better quality of life (QOL) (p = 0.02) and five‐year survival >50% (p = 0.06) predicted not terminating. Postnatally, 48% of residents and 68% of nurses would choose, or seriously consider, comfort care. Marriage (p = 0.04) and more experience (4 to 7 years, p = 0.04; >7 years, p = 0.02) predicted choosing comfort care. Asian/Pacific Islander descent (p = 0.01) and expected 5‐year survival >50% (p = 0.02) predicted choosing surgery.ConclusionsApproximately one‐half of the pediatric residents and nurses surveyed would choose termination of pregnancy or seriously consider declining neonatal surgery, if their own fetus or infant had HLHS. These attitudes reflect perceptions of long‐term QOL and survival. These attitudes may be of interest to caregivers who care for HLHS patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnancy following preimplantation genetic diagnosis of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
Authors: Konialis C. , Hagnefelt B. , Kokkali G. , Pantos C. , Pangalos C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectivePresentation of a novel case, involving the design and implementation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL).MethodsThe disease‐causing mutation, c.459C>T (R153C) in exon 4 of the Notch3 gene, was previously identified in the affected father. The family already had a pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis and chose to undergo PGD. A PGD protocol was designed to include informative, linked short tandem repeat (STR) markers and an intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), coupled to mutation identification. Biopsy was performed at day 3 and blastocysts were transferred on day 5 after fertilization. Standard prenatal diagnosis procedures were employed to confirm the PGD results.ResultsOne blastomere was removed at day 3 from each of eight embryos. Detection of the c.459C>TNotch3 mutation, coupled to informative polymorphic markers, unambiguously identified three unaffected embryos. Blastocyst transfer resulted in a singleton pregnancy and subsequent prenatal diagnosis confirmed that the fetus was disease‐free.ConclusionsGiven the dominant, highly penetrant and potentially serious effects of Notch3 mutations, PGD for CADASIL may be considered and implemented as a reproductive option, following proper genetic counseling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paroxetine in the first trimester and the prevalence of congenital malformations
Authors: Cole J. Alexander , Ephross Sara A. , Cosmatos Irene S. , Walker Alexander M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurposeTo refine a preliminary analysis identifying a possibly increased prevalence of malformations among infants born to women exposed to paroxetine in the first trimester.MethodsThis study used data from UnitedHealthcare, a large U.S. insurer, using datasets originally for a study of bupropion in pregnancy. We identified women with a live‐born delivery between January 1995 and September 2004. We classified women according to their first trimester mono‐ or mono/polytherapy exposure to paroxetine and other antidepressants. We confirmed malformation cases by medical record abstraction. We calculated the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) through logistic regression.ResultsFor paroxetine, there were 815 infants among 791 women exposed as monotherapy, and 1020 infants among 989 women exposed as mono‐ or polytherapy. For other antidepressants, there were 4198 infants among 4072 women exposed as monotherapy, and 4936 infants among 4767 women exposed as mono‐ or polytherapy. AORs for all congenital malformations associated with paroxetine were 1.89 (95%CI 1.20–2.98) for monotherapy, and 1.76 (95%CI 1.18–2.64) for mono‐ or polytherapy. AORs for cardiovascular malformations associated with paroxetine were 1.46 (95%CI 0.74–2.88) for monotherapy, and 1.68 (95%CI 0.95–2.97) for mono‐ or polytherapy.ConclusionsThese more detailed paroxetine findings confirm previous findings of analyses of these data among women exposed to all types of antidepressants. The present findings are consistent with other recent results suggesting the possibility of a modestly increased occurrence of congenital malformations following first trimester exposure to paroxetine compared to other antidepressants. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracer diffusion properties of core–shell latex films studied by photoinduced grating relaxation
Authors: Suresh Kattimuttathu I. , Veniaminov Andrei , Bartsch Eckhard 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article reports the application of the Photo‐Induced Grating Relaxation technique (also known as Forced Rayleigh Scattering) to investigate the dynamics of films prepared from structured core–shell latex particles via the transport property of the photochromic tracer molecule Aberchrome 540®. The core–shell particles were prepared with a fluoropolymer core (immiscible and impenetrable to the tracer) and a poly(butyl methacrylate) shell. The incompletely dried films (with residual water) manifest their spatial heterogeneity via non‐Fickian behavior (spatial scale‐ dependent apparent diffusion coefficient). The diffusion data was interpreted using the two‐state diffusion model, previously developed to describe the tracer diffusion in latex films without any core–shell structure. In contrast to dry latex films made from homogeneous particles, where one observes Fickian diffusion indicative of a homogeneous polymer film, we find that the lattice of fluoropolymer cores leads to a length scale dependent diffusion coefficient for the tracer. This effect can be interpreted as microscopic evidence for a strain hardening effect due to the presence of a hardened layer of matrix polymer (= shell) surrounding the core, which act as nanofillers. This strain hardening effect could be quantified within the two‐state diffusion model in terms of tracer diffusion coefficients and root mean squared displacements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2823–2834, 2007
The impact of gas isotopic exchange on the growth rate and hydrogen (deuterium) bonding within CVD diamond films
Authors: Ternyak O. , Michaelson Sh. , Tkach L. , Akhvlediani R. , Hoffman A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDiamond films were grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HF CVD) technique using isotopic gas mixtures: CH4 + H2 and CD4 + D2 with a constant ratio of 1%:99%. The influence of isotopic exchange on the growth kinetics and film properties was investigated. The microstructure and phase composition of regular and isotopic diamond films have been investigated by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR‐SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The C–H and C–D vibration modes in the film bulk and surface region were studied by Raman spectroscopy and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HR‐EELS), correspondingly. It was found, that the exchange of H by D atoms in CH4 and H2 gases reduces the diamond growth rate by a factor of 2.3 and improves the film quality. The microstructure of diamond films of comparable thicknesses was found to be very similar for diamond films grown from two different gas mixtures. The HREEL and Raman spectra of these films show the same C–H/D vibrations modes with isotopic shift. We suggest that the rate‐controlling step in the growth process is the disassociation of C–D or C–H bond on the diamond surface and that the isotopic exchange influences the kinetics of diamond growth, but not its mechanism. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermoluminescent properties of CVD diamonds for radiation protection and radiotherapy applications
Authors: Marczewska B. , Tromson D. , Descamps C. , Bilski P. , Schirru F. , Nowak T. , Bogus A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThermoluminescent properties of intrinsic CVD diamond samples synthesized with oxygen added in the gas phase during crystal growth were investigated. Sensitivity and linearity were evaluated over the 0.2–45 Gy dose range, using Cs‐137 and Co‐60 γ‐ray sources. Extremely high sensitivity was observed at doses exceeding 1 Gy, and poor reproducibility, the signal saturating at doses above 10 Gy. The TL properties of the studied crystals were improved by an annealing procedure (400 °C over 30 minutes) but with a significant decrease of the signal amplitude. The annealed detectors were very sensitive to radiation at doses exceeding 2 Gy and signal saturation was observed at doses above 25 Gy. A “quenching” effect of heating rate on the position and the amplitude of the dosimetric peak was also observed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deposition of ZnO inclined c‐axis on silicon and diamond by r.f. magnetron sputtering
Authors: Bensmaine S. , Le Brizoual L. , Elmazria O. , Fundenberger J. J. , Benyoucef B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSuitable deposition conditions yielding to thin zinc oxide (ZnO) films with inclined c‐axis have been determined in this work. These films were deposited on silicon (100) and on the nucleation side of self‐standing diamond substrates. We used r.f. magnetron and a zinc‐oxyde target. We characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) the film texture and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the film morphology. XRD has revealed that theses films are polycrystalline in nature having a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. We have measured a c‐axis angle of inclination of 45° in the case of ZnO/Diamond sample. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
pH sensitivity of nanocrystalline diamond films
Authors: Christiaens P. , Abouzar M. H. , Poghossian A. , Wagner T. , Bijnens N. , Williams O. A. , Daenen M. , Haenen K. , Douhéret O. , D'Haen J. , Mekhalif Z. , Schöning M. J. , Wagner P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe pH‐sensitive properties of hydrogen‐ and oxygen‐terminated nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films have been investigated using a field‐effect‐based capacitive electrolyte‐diamond‐insulator‐semiconductor (EDIS) structure as transducer. The NCD thin films (100–500 nm) were grown on p‐Si–SiO2 substrates by microwave plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition. The electrochemical characterisation of EDIS sensors with NCD films of different thicknesses has been performed in buffer solutions of pH 3 to pH 11 by means of capacitance–voltage and constant–capacitance methods. The developed EDIS sensors with O‐terminated NCD surfaces show an average pH‐sensitivity of 38 mV/pH. A slightly smaller pH‐sensitivity of 29–36 mV/pH was observed for the EDIS structure with H‐terminated NCD surfaces. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fission reactor flux monitors based on single‐crystal CVD diamond films
Authors: Almaviva S. , Marinelli M. , Milani E. , Prestopino G. , Tucciarone A. , Verona C. , Verona‐Rinati G. , Angelone M. , Lattanzi D. , Pillon M. , Rosa R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDiamond based thermal neutron flux monitors have been fabricated using single crystal diamond films, grown by chemical vapour deposition. A 3 μm thick 6LiF layer was thermally evaporated on the detector surface as a converting material for thermal neutron monitoring via the 6Li(n, α) T nuclear reaction. The detectors were tested in a fission nuclear reactor. One of them was positioned 80 cm above the core mid‐plane, where the neutron flux is 2.2 × 109 neutrons/cm2 s at 1 MW resulting in a device count rate of about 150000 cps. Good stability and reproducibility of the device output were proved over the whole reactor power range (up to 1 MW). During the irradiation, several pulse height spectra were recorded, in which both products of the 6Li(n, α) T reaction, e.g. 2.73 MeV tritium and the 2.06 MeV α, were clearly identified, thus excluding a degradation of the detector response. A comparison with a reference fission chamber monitor pointed out a limitation of the adopted readout electronics at high count rates, due to multiple pile‐up processes. However, once this effect is properly accounted for, a good linearity of the diamond flux monitor response is observed as a function of the fission chamber one, as well as an excellent agreement between the temporal behaviour of the two detector response. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Static and transient electrical properties of (111) diamond p–n diodes
Authors: Tavares C. , Muret P. , Koizumi S. , Jomard F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractElectrical properties of diamond p–n diodes grown on (111) diamond substrate and processed by reactive ion etching are investigated. The diodes comprise a metallic ohmic contact on the top of a stack n+/n/p/p+/(111)C grown on a monocrystalline diamond substrate and an other ohmic contact on the p+ layer. Boron and phosphorus concentrations are measured by SIMS, the p and n ones being respectively 7 × 1017 and 1 × 1018 cm–3, and compared to the capacitance–voltage response of the diodes, showing an almost complete activation of dopants. Current–voltage I (V) characteristics are measured from ambient temperature up to 872 K. Rectifying factors at ±10 V are close to seven orders of magnitude at ambient temperature, and still above four between 800 K and 872 K. Capacitance detected deep level transient spectroscopy (C‐DLTS) is performed between 400 and 850 K in order to track impurities and defect centres. No majority carrier traps are detected. DLTS spectra appear only when an injection pulse is applied, indicating the presence of minority carrier traps, with concentrations only in the 1015 cm–3 range. Both standard and multi‐exponential transients analysis are performed to extract ionisation energies and capture cross sections. DLTS spectra performed repetitively show unambiguous evolutions after thermal cycling, evidenced by modifications undergone by deep levels appearing at the highest temperatures. These changes are induced by the simultaneous presence of electric field and heating while change does occur neither for deep levels appearing at the lowest temperatures nor for I (V) characteristics. Comparison of these data in two diodes suggests that deepest levels have a bulk origin whereas shallower ones are surface‐related, possibly due to the reactive ion etching process. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An infrared study of the superconducting diamond
Authors: Lupi S. , Baldassarre L. , Ortolani M. , Calvani P. , Schade U. , Takano Y. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWhen heavily doped with boron, diamond films can become superconducting with critical temperatures Tc well above 4 K. Here, we measure the reflectivity of such a film down to 5 cm–1, by using both conventional radiation sources and Coherent Synchrotron Radiation. We thus determine the electron‐phonon Eliashberg spectral function α2F (ω) and the optical superconducting gap 2Δ. We conclude that superconducting diamond behaves as a “dirty” BCS superconductor. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time of flight study of high performance CVD diamond detector devices
Authors: Tranchant N. , Nesladek M. , Tromson D. , Remes Z. , Bogdan A. , Bergonzo P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn comparison with polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond (SC CVD) offers important advantages for applications to electronics and detection. This is because SC CVD diamond exhibits improved charge transport characteristics, specifically a high drift mobility and an increased charge carrier lifetime. So far, only limited studies have dealt with the measurements of electrical transport parameters in SC diamond and majority of these studies were based on industrial material only. In our study we have investigated the electrical transport properties of PE CVD SC diamond grown using relatively high pressure growth conditions and high deposition growth rates (typically 20 μm/hour) by two independent methods: the laser Time‐of‐Flight (TOF) and the alpha particle TOF techniques. Raman spectroscopy, defect spectroscopy were used to characterize the quality of the samples prepared. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microscopic diagnostics of DNA molecules on mono‐crystalline diamond
Authors: Rezek Bohuslav , Shin Dongchan , Uetsuka Hiroshi , Nebel Christoph E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe lower central part of the cover picture shows a three‐dimensional representation of DNA molecules covalently attached to single‐crystal diamond as detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) by Bohuslav Rezek and co‐workers in their Original Paper [1], selected as Editor's Choice for the current issue. DNA molecules were pushed down and scratched away from the diamond by increasing force (0–75 nN) on the AFM cantilever. The upper central part shows a fluorescence microscopy image of the scratched region. On the left, there is a magnified AFM morphology of the DNA surface showing sub‐nanometer structures. On the right, there is a schematic drawing of the DNA molecular chain which was linked to diamond.The first author of the article is a research team leader and Purkyně Fellow at the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Prague, where he is working on functional nano‐interfaces of semiconductors and organic materials. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of doped nano‐electromechanical systems
Authors: Scheible Dominik V. , Qin Hua , Kim Hyun‐Seok , Blick Robert H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe present a new generation of nano‐electromechanical systems (NEMS), which are realized by doping the semiconductor base material. In contrast to the traditional approach these doped NEMS (D‐NEMS) do not require a metallization layer. This makes them far lighter and hence increases resonance frequency and quality factor. Additionally, D‐NEMS can be tuned from the conductive state into an insulating one. This will enable a host of new device designs, like mechanically tunable pin‐junctions and nanomechanical single electron switches. We demonstrate D‐NEMS fabrication and operation from the intrinsic, to the light, and to the heavy regime of doping. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Negative refractive index in the near‐UV from Au‐coated CuCl nanoparticle superlattices
Authors: Yannopapas Vassilios 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNanoparticle superlattices consisting of CuCl spheres coated with a gold (Au) nanoshell are shown to exhibit negative index of refraction in the near‐UV regime. These predictions are based on calculations of the effective refractive index by use of the extended Maxwell–Garnett theory. The results for the refractive index are supplemented by multiple‐scattering calculations of light‐transmittance curves from finite slabs of nanoparticle superlattices. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computer‐assisted navigation applied to fetal cardiac intervention
Authors: Emery Stephen P. , Kreutzer Jacqueline , Sherman Frederick R. , Fujimoto Kazuro L. , Jaramaz Branislav , Nikou Constantinos , Tobita Kimimasa , Keller Bradley B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal cardiac interventions (PCI) for human fetal aortic valve (AoV) stenosis can reduce left ventricular hypoplasia and restore ventricular growth and function. However, ‘freehand’ needle delivery from the maternal skin through the uterine wall, fetal chest and ventricular apex to cross the fetal AoV remains technically challenging and time intensive, and is the rate‐limiting step in the procedure.MethodsWe developed a computer‐assisted navigation (CANav) system that tracks the position and orientation of a two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound image relative to the trajectory of an electromagnetic (EM) embedded needle and stylet. We tested the CANav system in vitro using a water bath phantom, then in vivo using adult rats and pregnant (fetal) sheep.ResultsThe CANav system accurately tracked the delivered needle position in both in vitro phantom and adult rat model experiments. We performed 22 PCI attempts with or without CANav in a fetal sheep model. Maternal laparotomy was required to adjust the fetal position in 50% of the procedures. The time required to deliver the needle from the skin into the left ventricle (LV) using CANav was 2.9 ± 1.7 (range 2–7) min (n = 14) vs. 5.5 ± 4.3 (range 1–12) min (n = 8) without CANav (p < 0.05). The time needed to cross the aortic valve once the needle was within the LV was similar with and without CANav (p = 0.19).ConclusionsCANav reduces the PCI time required to accurately deliver a needle to the fetal heart. Adaptations of this technical approach may be relevant to other congenital cardiac conditions and ultrasound‐guided medical procedures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural networks for real‐time nonlinear control of a variable geometry turbocharged diesel engine
Authors: Omran Rabih , Younes Rafic , Champoussin Jean‐Claude 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNew engines are submitted to emission standards that are becoming more and more restrictive. Diesel engines are typically equipped with variable geometry turbo‐compressor, exhaust gas recirculation system, high‐pressure common rail system and post‐treatment devices in order to meet these legislative requirements. Consequently, the control of diesel engines becomes a very difficult task involving five to 10 control variables that interact with each other and that are highly nonlinear. Until the present day, the control schemes integrated in the engine's controller are all based on static maps identified by steady‐state engine mapping. Afterward, these schemes are adjusted and calibrated in the vehicle using various control techniques in order to assure a better dynamic response of the engine under dynamic load. In this paper, we are interested in developing a mathematical optimization process that searches for the optimal control scheme under static and dynamic operating conditions. Firstly, we suggest modeling the engine and its emissions using mean value models which require limited experiments and are in good agreement with the experimental data. These models are then used in a dynamic optimization process based on the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm in order to find the optimal control scheme of the engine. The results show a reduction of the engine emissions without deteriorating its performance. Finally, we propose a practical control technique based on neural networks in order to apply these control schemes online to the engine. The results are promising. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.