bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and application of the Synthesized 3D Poly (Vinyl Acetate)/Acrylamide Superabsorbent
Authors: El-Toony Mohamed , Gh Eid , NM Maziad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Different polyvinyl acetate ratios were mixed with acrylamide and nanoparticle ferric chloride and then exposed to varying doses of gamma irradiation. The optimal gamma irradiation dose for achieving final cross-linking and obtaining a superabsorbent hydrogel was determined to be 20 kGy. The hydrogel was foamed to create a three-dimensional structure to enhance groundwater decontamination efficiency. The resulting polymer was chemically, thermally, and morphologically characterized. The porosity was evaluated using the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method (BET) and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). The foam exhibited significantly greater water swelling compared to the hydrogel with the same composition, increasing it by a factor of 4,818. When comparing the foam, hydrogel, and commercially available poly electrolytes (polyacrylamide) in terms of electric conductivity (EC), ion exchange capacity (IEC), and hardness, the foam displayed exceptional fantastic properties. Many groundwater patterns were studied, such as turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity bacterial cells’ disinfection, and rotavirus.
Digital Handwritten Answer Sheet Evaluation System
Authors: Kulkarni Madhavi , Adhav Gayatri , Wadile Kunal , Chavan Rohini , Deshmukh Vrushali 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The world is moving towards computerization. Manually checking the answer sheets takes a lot of time and effort from the schoolteachers and college professors. To address this challenge, our project aims to streamline the evaluation process by converting handwritten student responses into digital text and comparing them with predetermined model answers provided by educators. This is made possible through the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as optical character recognition (OCR), natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning algorithms. By the utilization of advanced BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) models and cosine similarity algorithms, our system ensures accuracy and efficiency when evaluating student answers. Rather than focusing on answer length, the project's main goal is to optimize mark distribution based on key terms. This will save educators time and effort while advancing a fair and uniform evaluation process. Additionally, this approach helps students understand concepts more clearly and motivates them to give exact and accurate answers, which helps produce results that are fair and equal.
Design and Experimental Testing of Dish Type Solar Thermal Collector for Cooking Application
Authors: Anmute Yohnnes , Gzate Yewondwosen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ethiopia is the country which use fossil fuel as main source of energy. About 83% people of the country live in countryside area and use fossil fuel as a source energy for both baking and cooking purpose. Among this 70% of the energy is used for baking injera which needs a high temperature in range of 180–220℃ in a control environment. Thus, substituting it by renewable energy is an admirable solution of the season. The thermal energy is collected using 2𝑚2 area parabolic dish collector to the heat transfer fluid through spiral copper coil absorber. The experimental setup is manufactured from locally available material. Leakage of fluid was difficult to control during experimental test. Instruments like thermocouple, infrared thermometer and Pyranometer are used in the experimental test. Thus, HTF is heated by parabolic dish collector at the absorber plate and attain up to a temperature of 253℃ and the average day thermal efficiency was around 51.44%.
Optimization of routine pediatric CT examination in Hawassa city, Sidama region Ethiopia
Authors: Worassa Emnet Kebede , Abegaz Andargie Baye , Nigusse Teklehaimanot Mezgebe , Safaye Boko Loko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has considerable impact in patient care. However, it is the most irradiating medical imaging technique in diagnostic radiology department. Optimization of pediatric CT is not well-practiced in developing countries. Protocols for some age groups were missed, and scan parameters are not adapted to the patient body size and age group. Furthermore, there are no established diagnostic reference levels to enhance dose optimization for pediatric patients at the local, regional, and national levels. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the optimization of routine pediatric CT examinations in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. A total of 360 pediatric dose records were reviewed for routine pediatric CT performed between January 1st, 2021 - May 30th, 2022. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science version 25 software. The Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) were established at the 75th percentile of CT dose quantities. The average KVp, mAs, and scan length used for pediatric head, chest, and abdomen CT were (112.8, 260.6, and 19.8), (112.9, 64.7, and 31.5), and (113.3, 79.4, and 32.9) respectively. The range of the established LDRLs in terms of volumetric CT dose index for the head, chest, and abdomen CT were (31.5 to 47, 2.3 to 6.1, 1.7 to 4.7) mGy. Whereas the range in terms of dose length product per scan for the head, chest, and abdomen CT were (723.4 to 1126.7, 55.9 to 258.9, and 38.1 to 242.5) mGy cm respectively. The obtained results show that the LDRLs for volumetric CT does index for head and chest CT were equivalent to the international studies. Whereas the local DRLs in terms of dose length product per scan were higher than the reports other studies except in Japan where the values for chest CT were comparable to the results of this study. Finally, the findings suggested that non-optimized pediatric head and chest CT were performed across all age groups.
Characteristics of marine litter on Russian High Arctic islands under modern conditions
Authors: Valeeva T. A. , Mandryka O. N. 
Published: February 2024

The study used data on the pollution of the coastline of the Russian Arctic National Park with marine litter to examine its composition and determine its origins. Marine litter is shown to accumulate on the islands of the Russian Arctic despite the absence of garbage patches in the Arctic Ocean. The analysis identified plastic as the main type of marine litter polluting the coasts. Monitoring also helped to identify the main source of pollution—fishing. The obtained results can be used to develop a plan designed to prevent industrial and consumer waste from reaching the coasts of islands.
Health Belief Model for Public Acceptance of Implementing COVID-19
Vaccination in Singkawang City, Indonesia
Authors: Lidia Theresia , Widayati Aris , Nirmala Dewi Pramitha Esha 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The efficacy of immunization is contingent upon public acceptance. Using the behavioral theory of the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study
seeks to determine intervention strategies against the most influential factor towards the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination program among
the societies of Singkawang City.

Methods:
This investigation involved a cross-sectional design. The perceived severity, susceptibility, barriers, benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy were
the independent variables. The dependent variable was the adoption of the COVID-19 vaccine by the public. Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and
Multivariate tests were used to present vaccine acceptance differences, relationships and impacts of each variable towards COVID-19 vaccine
acceptance.

Results:
There was a total of 461 participants in this study. For the majority of respondents (56.40%), COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among them remains
modest. The difference between the low and high vaccination acceptance groups (p-value < 0.05) was revealed. Except for perceived severity, this
study demonstrated that all HBM constructs had a significant relationship with vaccination acceptance (p-value < 0.05). In addition, the results of
the logistic regression test indicated that the cues-to-action construct was the most influential factor in vaccine acceptance (OR= 7.156; CI, 95%=
4.107 – 12.469), followed by self-efficacy (OR=3.218; CI, 95%=1.819 – 5.694).

Conclusion:
Thus, health policymakers should focus on cues-to-action and self-efficacy factors for developing a strategy to increase vaccine acceptance among
the Indonesian population by using current study results among the Singkawang population as a model to start the persuasion techniques.
SOCIAL NORM AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AS THE PREDICTORS OF CITIZENS’ ACTUAL BEHAVIOUR TO ADOPT PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
Authors: Roslan Farah , Kamarudin Mohd Khairul Amri , Ab Ghani Nur Izzati , Mohamed Nurshuhada 
Published: February 2024

The increasing penetration of private motor vehicles for commuting demonstrates an astonishing vehicle reliance in Malaysia. The use of public transport could provide a promising alternative by enabling accessibility, reducing congestion and fatalities, and mitigating environmental problems especially in densely populated areas. However, the utilisation of public transport does not depend only on the intention but the actual use as well. Understanding individuals' readiness to adopt public transport are critical for improving sustainable mobility. Based on the theory of Interpersonal Behaviour (TIB), this study aims to assess the individuals' behavioural readiness to use for public transportation to improve sustainable mobility instead of using single-occupancy vehicles in Terengganu, Malaysia. This quantitative survey is distributed on 200 citizens at four densely-populated locations in cities of Terengganu, namely Kuala Terengganu, Chukai, Dungun and Jerteh. Data analysis is analysed using structural equation modelling of partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The empirical results indicate that social norm and environmental concern are the main predictor that affecting the behavioural readiness on adopting public transport among the respondents. However, perceived value and affective construct do not have significant impact on citizens’ readiness to use public transport. Policy implications like enhancing service quality, promoting environmental benefits and implementing visible safety measures are addressed. As cities continue to invest in and prioritize public transport, they contribute to a more sustainable and resilient transportation landscape.
Analisis Pertahanan Diri Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Lembata Karya F.Rahardi
Authors: Sahari Anggitha Cubie , Wijaya Putra Candra Rahma 
Published: February 2024

Psikologi dan sastra memiliki objek kajian yang sama yaitu keduanya membicarakan mengenai manusia beserta kehidupannya. Manusia hidup tidak luput dari konflik yang menyelimutinya. Konflik tersebut mengharuskan individu untuk melakukan yang namanya pertahanan diri. Karya sastra hadir sebagai bentuk tiruan dari realita kehidupan nyata yang dimodifikasi oleh pengarang melalui proses kreatif dan imajinatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni 1) mengidentifikasi bentuk pertahanan diri tokoh utama pada novel Lembata karya F.Rahardi 2) mengidentifikasi konflik yang dialami tokoh utama dalam novel. Jenis penelitian ini yakni kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan psikologi sastra. Data penelitian berupa kutipan cerita berbentuk kalimat atau paragraph yang menunjukkan bentuk pertahanan diri. Sumber data penelitian yaitu Novel Lembata karya F.Rahardi dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membaca dan memahami isi Novel Lembata, pengumpulan data yang berhubungan dengan pertahanan diri, dan mengelompokkan data yang telah dikumpulkan. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan a) bentuk pertahanan dalam novel terdapat beberapa bentuk seperti represi, rasionalisasi, pengalihan, sublimasi. b) konflik yang dialami tokoh utama terdapat dua konflik yakni konflik internal dan eksternal.
Kata Kunci: pertahanan diri, konflik, novel
Analysis of the comprehension of the instrument for measuring social determinants of health
Authors: Sanchez Palacio Natalia , Vélez Álvarez Consuelo , Betancurth Loaiza Diana 
Published: February 2024

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la comprensión de los ítems que conforman el Instrumento para la medición de los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DESOSA81) en una población piloto con diversas características. El método de investigación utilizado fue cualitativo con un enfoque interpretativo. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas cognitivas con 5 grupos seleccionados por conveniencia, utilizando el método de pretest cognitivo CASM (Aspectos Cognitivos de la Metodología de Encuestas) como referencia. Los datos recopilados se organizaron en una matriz de Excel para su posterior análisis.
Los resultados se obtuvieron a través de entrevistas cognitivas realizadas en grupos sucesivos de 10 personas, con el propósito de evaluar el nivel de comprensión del instrumento DESOSA81. Se examinaron aspectos de claridad, relevancia y vocabulario en cada pregunta. En total, se hicieron recomendaciones para mejorar 34 preguntas; 19 de ellas presentaron dificultades de comprensión, 24 fueron cuestionadas en cuanto a su relevancia y 14 en relación con su vocabulario. Estas dificultades se categorizaron utilizando la guía del proceso cognitivo de pregunta-respuesta. Además, se utilizaron para elaborar preguntas genéricas que permitieran la aplicación internacional del instrumento. El equipo investigador analizó, discutió y mejoró los ítems de la herramienta en función de estas recomendaciones.
En conclusión, las pruebas de comprensión del instrumento contribuyeron a mejorar la claridad y coherencia de las preguntas. Los participantes aportaron valiosos insights basados en sus contextos, niveles de educación y profesiones, lo que facilitó la creación de un instrumento genérico más efectivo.
Validation and Psychometric Properties of Deenz Gender Dysphoria Scale (DGDS-25): A Comprehensive Assessment Tool for Gender Dysphoria Tendencies
Authors: Dar Deen Mohd 
Published: February 2024

Deenz Gender Dysphoria Scale (DGDS) is designed to explore inclinations
towards gender dysphoria in non-clinical populations. Developed with the
aim of understanding individuals’ experiences and feelings regarding
their gender, the scale provides valuable insights into this complex
phenomenon. The DGDS was not intended for clinical diagnosis according
to DSM-5 criteria but rather to assess tendencies towards gender
dysphoria and discomfort with one’s assigned gender.
In a case study involving 45 college students, randomly selected from
diverse streams and ethnic backgrounds, the DGDS demonstrated its
effectiveness in identifying individuals experiencing gender
dysphoria-related discomfort or distress. The study sample comprised 20
male and 25 female students, ensuring representation across genders.
De arregaçar as mangas
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel Amancio , Ferreira Cláudia Cristina 
Published: February 2024

O ensino de línguas permite ao docente dar a possibilidade de os estudantes ocuparem espaços em diferentes esferas, alguns aprendem um idioma por gostos pessoais, outros por questões profissionais. Ao aprendermos outra língua, além dos aspectos linguísticos, passamos a conhecer matizes culturais e a forma como uma sociedade concebe o mundo a partir das suas experiências e formula a sua visão de acordo com a identificação social. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e dialogar sobre o uso de expressões idiomáticas para o ensino de português a hispanofalantes, assim como fazer um contraste com expressões em língua espanhola. Diante disso, acreditamos que a fraseologia, que é a combinação de palavras com um grau de idiomaticidade, contribui para a comunicação dos interlocutores (CORPAS-PASTOR, 1996; ZULUAGA, 2003; XATARA, 2013; ORTIZ ALVAREZ, 2014; MONTEIRO-PLANTIN, 2014). Dessa forma, mostramos expressões do português brasileiro que são utilizadas na comunicação diária e que podem ser trabalhadas no ensino de português para falantes naturais de língua espanhola. Fazer uso de elementos fraseológicos nas aulas de línguas estrangeiras/adicionais pode ser um desafio para os professores que já estão habituados com a sua forma de ensino, no entanto, ressaltamos que o ensino de português como língua materna (PLM) é diferente do ensino como língua estrangeira/adicional (PLE), buscar uma formação é necessário para incorporar elementos que estão difundidos na cultura e língua a qual os aprendizes estão inseridos, uma vez que contribuem para o domínio do idioma. Desta forma, concluímos que lançar mão da fraseologia a partir de expressões idiomáticas na sala de aula é um apoio que o docente tem para ensinar, uma vez que a língua e cultura são indissociáveis, e apresentar elementos como jargões, gírias, provérbios, entre outros, enriquece a aprendizagem de uma língua.
Economic violence as a latent form of domestic violence: theoretical and legal aspect
Authors: Andrusiak I. P. 
Published: February 2024

The article reviews the peculiarities of economic violence as a form of domestic violence and identifies its main theoretical and legal characteristics.
Two characteristics of economic domestic violence are singled out: a significant level of latency compared to other forms of violence and a clear dependence between economic violence and the gender aspect, since it is women who more often, due to the birth and feeding of children, receive a limited opportunity for full labor and educational self-realization.
It is motivated that economic violence affects women from all socio-economic groups and host countries, but there is no doubt that a special form of vulnerability is manifested for persons with disabilities, the elderly, for persons with a lower level of education and professional experience.
The latency of the economic form of domestic violence indicates that this type of violence can manifest itself in flaws that often go unnoticed beyond the obvious signs of physical and verbal violence. Stealth arises from the fact that these influences are less overt and difficult to detect from the outside, but they can significantly affect the well-being and emotional state of the victim. It is pointed out that only relatively recently has economic violence been conceptualized as separate from emotional and psychological violence. Manifestations of domestic economic violence are grouped: control over financial decisions (the abuser makes all financial decisions without taking into account the thoughts and needs of the victim, including what to spend money, how and where to invest, and other financial aspects, not allowing the victims to participate in this process); setting limits and cost accounting; manipulation of financial goals (deliberately directing financial resources in directions that are beneficial to the offender, or using them to achieve one’s own goals, without taking into account the needs and wishes of the victim); financial threats to force the victim to remain in the relationship.
In general, the legal aspect of the economic household is a complex and multifaceted task that requires a systematic approach and cooperation of various subjects. In practice, this means a combination of legal regulation, public awareness and victim support to effectively counter economic domestic violence.
Elections under the conditions of marital state: constitution, legislation, reality
Authors: Hrynyuk R. F. , Hutsulyak O. I. 
Published: February 2024

The issue of electoral legislation and its features during martial law are explored in the article. On the basis of a careful analysis of the constitutional norms, it was found that for most types of elections, the impossibility of holding them is established only in legislative acts. At the same time, it has been proven that the formal absence of a constitutional ban on launching the election process in the conditions of the ongoing large-scale invasion of the Russian Federation does not solve any real problem that currently makes democratic elections in Ukraine impossible.
The classification of the reasons for the refusal of democratic states to hold elections during the war has been studied and proposed. In particular, such reasons as electoral (interference of an enemy state, lack of free campaigning, etc.), economic (expenses for conducting elections), security, political (moments of political instability may arise during the transfer of power from the old government to the newly elected one) etc. are highlighted.
The concept of “rally around the flag” is described, the historical example of the defeat of the “father of victory” Winston Churchill in the post-war elections with an analysis of the reasons, and the results of a number of sociological studies are also considered. The latter demonstrate a high level of citizen support for the current President of Ukraine, in particular as the Supreme Commander. The authors concluded that there is a sufficient level of legitimacy of state authorities, which will most likely be confirmed by elections. The expediency of all risks and costs under such conditions is assessed as doubtful.
The possibility of using electronic voting was considered. It was concluded that such proposals are premature in view of the non-acceptance by the people of Ukraine of such a way of expressing will and the technical capabilities of the state.
At the same time, the authors point out the need to prepare a regulatory framework and develop new mechanisms, in particular, using digital technologies, both for post-war elections and for elections under martial law. The article also examines the concept of Military democracy, i.e. militarized or military democracy, i.e. a state with a democratic system operating in wartime conditions.
Pricing of medicines as a factor influencing access to treatment
Authors: Moskaliuk N. B. 
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the topic of access to treatment, and the issue of pricing as one of the factors that significantly affect the ability of the population to access treatment through the purchase of medicines, including expensive branded medicines that are not covered by government programs that provide such medicines free of charge. High medication costs can pose substantial barriers, particularly for those not covered by state programs, exacerbating health inequalities and hindering widespread access to necessary treatments.
The article focuses on the existence of two pricing systems in the pharmaceutical market, namely, the state and market pricing. The aforementioned pricing systems are among the mechanisms for providing pharmaceutical care to the population in Ukraine. It is also argued that pricing is based on demand, cost, supply, and commodity and money circulation.
The article presents the US experience of pricing and the problems of consumers who face the need to overpay for branded medicines by a significant number of times compared to European consumers.
This dynamic reflects the delicate balance between the pharmaceutical industry’s need for fair returns on innovation investments and the imperative to make essential treatments financially accessible to the broader population.
It is noted that the high price of medicines is due to the influence of numerous factors, including increased demand, insufficient supply of cheaper generic drugs on the pharmaceutical market, patent protection, and significant investment in the development and research of new medicines. At the same time, it is argued that the use of managed access agreements, along with both state and market pricing, can be a deterrent to the growth of prices for branded innovative medicines.