bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐dot spin exchange interaction in coupled II–VI semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Lee S. , Dobrowolska M. , Furdyna J. K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe have performed polarization selective photoluminescence (PL) experiment on a series of self‐assembled quantum dots (QDs) in the form of single‐ and double‐QD layer systems. The double layers were formed from diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) (either CdMnSe or CdZnMnSe) and non‐DMS (either CdSe or CdZnSe) layers, separated by non‐DMS ZnSe barriers. The peaks from DMS and non‐DMS QD layers are clearly resolved in the PL spectra taken at zero magnetic field. When a magnetic field is applied to the double layer QD (DLQD) system, the intensities of the circularly polarized PL peaks corresponding to the non‐DMS (i.e., CdSe and CdZnSe) layers exhibit significant changes, reflecting correspondingly large changes in the degrees of spin polarization of the non‐DMS QDs. This enhancement of spin polarization observed in the double‐layer QD structures is interpreted in terms of anti‐parallel spin interaction between carriers localized in the coupled QD pairs. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coherent control of excitonic excitations in II–VI quantum wells
Authors: Voss Tobias , Breunig Hans Georg , Rückmann Ilja , Gutowski Jürgen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe present results of experimental work in which the coherent‐control technique has been applied to study the coherent manipulation of excitonic polarization in ZnSe quantum‐well samples. We will introduce the linear control of excitonic polarization in pulse‐transmission experiments and afterwards focus on the question if and how the optical transition from the excitonic states to the bound‐biexciton state can be subject to a directed coherent control. The experimental results will be compared to simulations based on a microscopic theory and will also be explained on the base of a phenomenological few‐level model. The overall suitability of coherent control for the investigation of exciton systems in low‐dimensional wide‐gap materials will be discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stimulated emission from ZnO nanorods
Authors: Hauschild R. , Lange H. , Priller H. , Klingshirn C. , Kling R. , Waag A. , Fan H. J. , Zacharias M. , Kalt H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBy means of time resolved spectroscopy we compare two samples of ZnO nanorods with respect to their suitability as stimulated emitters. In the case of narrow nanorods their wave guiding quality causes a suppression of exciton–exciton scattering whereas no laser emission is detectable. Unlike their narrow counterparts, wide nanorods not only benefit from a larger overlap of the guided mode with the gain medium but a variation in VLS growth results in gold nanoparticles being present at the bottom of nanorods. Consequently, laser emission from single wide rods is evidenced up to 150 K. In addition to experimental studies we carry out 3D numerical simulations of the electric field distribution to evaluate the influence of gold nanoparticles at the nanorod/substrate interface. This finite element analysis confirms that gold leads to an enhancement of confinement within the resonator. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of surface treatment on properties of ZnTe LED fabricated by Al thermal diffusion
Authors: Tanaka Tooru , Hayashida Kazuki , Saito Katsuhiko , Nishio Mitsuhiro , Guo Qixin , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThree kinds of surface treatments of ZnTe have been investigated for the fabrication of the light emitting diode (LED) by Al thermal diffusion. In case that a wet cleaning process was used, a poly‐crystalline layer remains on the surface of ZnTe whereas a clean surface was obtained by using in situ thermal or H radical cleaning processes. However, a series resistance of the LED fabricated on a clean surface is much higher than those fabricated using the wet cleaning process, indicating that a clean interface leads to a formation of a heavily Al doped layer with high compensation by the Al diffusion. Based on these results, we have attempted to control an interface by inserting an oxide layer intentionally on a clean surface of ZnTe. As a consequence, we have found that an Al concentration in the diffused layer can be controlled by changing the thickness of the oxidation layer, resulting in obtaining a LED with better performance. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐temperature defect study of tellurium‐enriched CdTe:In
Authors: Grill R. , Fochuk P. , Franc J. , Nahlovskyy B. , Höschl P. , Moravec P. , Zakharuk Z. , Nykonyuk Ye. , Panchuk O. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe defect structure of donor‐doped Te‐rich CdTe is studied theoretically within quasi‐chemical formalism and experimentally in heavily In‐doped CdTe by in situ high temperature galvanomagnetic measurements in the temperature interval 900–200 °C. The experimental data are evaluated within defect model optimized to recent high temperature experiments and assuming doping‐induced band gap renormalization. We show that a proper thermal treatment can be conveniently used for the optimization of room temperature electric properties and for a preparation of the semi‐insulating detector grade material with a deep level doping below the limit 1013 cm–3 demanded in the detector industry. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton self‐trapping in MEH‐PPV films studied by ultrafast emission depolarization
Authors: Ruseckas Arvydas , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDepolarization of the transient absorption with a time constant of <120 fs is observed in poly[2‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐5‐methoxy‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) film. It is too fast to be explained by incoherent hopping. We attribute it to dynamic localization (self‐trapping) of the initially delocalized excitons driven by structural relaxation of excited segments. Implications for charge carrier photogeneration are briefly discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Charge‐carrier mobilities in disordered semiconducting polymers: effects of carrier density and electric field
Authors: Meisel K.D. , Pasveer W.F. , Cottaar J. , Tanase C. , Coehoorn R. , Bobbert P.A. , Blom P.W.M. , de Leeuw D.M. , Michels M.A.J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe model charge transport in disordered semiconducting polymers by hopping of charge carriers on a square lattice of sites with Gaussian on‐site energy disorder, using Fermi‐Dirac statistics. From numerically exact solutions of the Master equation, we study the dependence of the charge‐carrier mobility on temperature, carrier density, and electric field. Our results are used in calculating current‐voltage characteristics of hole‐only polymer diodes. It is found that very good fits to experimental current‐voltage characteristics can be obtained at different temperatures, with reasonable fitting parameters for the width of the Gaussian density of states and the lattice constant. In agreement with the experiments we find that the density dependence is dominant over the field dependence. Only at high fields and low temperatures the field dependence becomes noticeable. The potential and current distribution show strong inhomogeneities, which may have important consequences for the operation of polymer opto‐electronic devices. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of interactions and disorder on the compressibility of two‐dimensional electron and hole systems
Authors: Savchenko A. K. , Galaktionov E. A. , Allison G. D. , Fogler M. M. , Safonov S. S. , Simmons M. Y. , Ritchie D. A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe have studied the thermodynamic compressibility of 2D electron and 2D hole gases near the apparent metal‐insulator transition, in the ranges of the interaction parameter rs =1–2.5 and rs =10–30, respectively. Nonmonotonic dependence of the inverse compressibility on the carrier density is observed with an upturn at low densities. Despite the large difference in rs , this behaviour of inverse compressibility in both electron and hole systems can be quantitatively accounted for by a nonlinear screening of disorder by the carriers, in particular, by the disorder‐driven proliferation of depletion regions in the 2D channel. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The European Conference Physics of Magnetism (PM'05) Poznań, Poland, 24–27 June 2005
Authors: Idzikowski B. , Barnaś J. , Micnas R. , Jezierski A. , Szajek A. , Wojciechowski R. J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPapers presented at The European Conference Physics of Magnetism (PM'05) were published in the January 2006 issues of physica status solidi(b)and(c)[1, 2]. Please find the Preface by the Guest Editors of the Proceedings as well as the listings of Conference Chairs, Committees and Sponsors, which were unintentionally omitted from the journals, reprinted here.
Fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometric assay for the validated quantitative determination of methadone and the primary metabolite EDDP in whole blood
Authors: Gunnar Teemu , Eskola Tanja , Lillsunde Pirjo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA toxicological analysis was developed and validated for simultaneous screening and quantification of methadone (METH) and its primary metabolite 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP). The method employs microscale liquid‐liquid extraction (µLLE) and direct injection of a separated aliquot of the organic layer into a gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) system without any other pre‐treatment stages. A fast GC/MS runtime (total 5.8 min; METH, Rt = 3.55 min; EDDP, Rt = 3.40 min) combined with rapid sample preparation allowed cost‐efficient and routinely applicable performance with a low amount of manual work. The validated parameters included: linearity (25–1000 ng mL−1 both; R = 0.998 and R = 0.997), accuracy (BiasMETH: from −0.05 to 11.3%, BiasEDDP: from 1.11 to 4.37%); intra and inter‐assay precision (RSDMETH: from 2.4 to 3.9%, from 4.89 to 10.3%; RSDEDDP: from 4.50 to 6.20%, from 4.57 to 15.2%), extraction efficiency (METH = 95.5%; EDDP = 90.6%), LOQMeth,EDDP = 25 ng mL−1. Samples were stable for at least 25 h and no selectivity problems or baseline interference were observed. The method should be applicable for identifying and quantitative confirmation of possible misuse and/or illegal use of METH in toxicological cases. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of desorption/ionization on porous silicon mass spectrometry for the detection of negative ions for fatty acids
Authors: Budimir Natali , Blais Jean‐Claude , Fournier Françoise , Tabet Jean‐Claude 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe study of low molecular weight compounds by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is difficult because of the presence of ions originating from the matrix in the low‐m/z range. In order to resolve these problems, new matrix‐free approaches were developed based on laser desorption/ionization from the surface of various materials such as graphite and porous silicon. Our work involves the use of ‘desorption ionization on porous silicon mass spectrometry’ (DIOS‐MS) in the negative ion mode to study fatty acid compounds. The potential of the DIOS‐MS technique is shown and an insight into the ionization mechanism provided. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound diagnosis of fourth branchial arch sinus at 22 weeks' gestation
Authors: Horowitz E. , Rabinerson D. , Mashiach R. , Shalev J. , Meizner I. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFourth branchial arch sinus is the rarest of the branchial cleft anomalies and its prenatal detection has not previously been reported in the English literature. We describe a case of fourth branchial arch sinus identified in a fetus during a routine ultrasound evaluation at 22 weeks' gestation. Survey of the fetal anatomy revealed a small ‘nipple‐like’ structure on the neck, arising anteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, midway between the chin and the left shoulder. The structure persisted unchanged throughout the pregnancy. The prenatal diagnosis of fourth branchial arch sinus was confirmed at delivery at term. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structure of 1,1'‐Bis(pyridinylamino)ferrocenes
Authors: Karakuzu Aykut , Maisel Heidi , Irrgang Torsten , Kempe Rhett 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFerrocenyl bridged bisaminopyridines were synthesized from 2‐bromopyridine or 2‐bromo‐4‐methylpyridine and 1,1'‐diaminoferrocene using palladium catalysed aryl amination. X‐ray crystal structure analysis of the two bisaminopyridines revealed the formation of dimers in the solid state. The formation of the dimers occurs via four H‐bonds between the amino N‐H function and the pyridine nitrogen atoms.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Three New Iron Complexes Derived from 3,5‐Bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole
Authors: Chen Jing‐Cai , Hu Sheng , Zhou Ai‐Ju , Tong Ming‐Liang , Tong Ye‐Xiang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTwo new iron(III) complexes and one iron(II) complex have been synthesized from the solvothermal reactions of FeCl3·6H2O with 3,5‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole (Hbpt) in methanol or acetonitrile. KSCN acted as the reducing agent in the synthesis of iron(II) complex of 3. [FeCl3(Hbpt)(H2O)]·H2O (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group $P{\bar 1}$ with a = 7.475(1), b = 9.468(2), c = 12.309(2) Å, α = 73.880(2), β = 74.746(2), γ = 81.849(2)°, V = 805.2(2) Å3, Z = 2. [Fe2(bpt)2Cl4] (2): orthorhombic space group Pnnm with a = 9.895(2), b = 10.632(2), c = 13.195(2) Å, V = 1388.1(4) Å3, Z = 2. [Fe2(bpt)2(MeOH)2Cl2] (3): orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 14.4204(16), b = 9.8737(11), c = 19.792(2) Å, V = 2818.1(5) Å3, Z = 4. 1 features the first structurally characterized metal complex of the neutral Hbpt ligand in which the Hbpt ligand adopts an unprecedented zwitterionic form. 2 shows a neutral dinuclear iron(III) complex and the [Fe2(bpt)2]4+ unit is ideally planar. The two iron(III) ions separated by a distance of 4.408(2) Å are doubly triazolate‐bridged. Each dimeric unit is connected with six other dimeric ones via the bifurcated C‐H···Cl hydrogen bonds, these connections extend the dimeric moieties into a three‐dimensional molecular architecture. 3 is a neutral centrosymmetric dinuclear FeII complex, in which intermolecular moderate O‐H···N hydrogen bonding interactions between the methanol molecules and 4‐position nitrogen atoms of the triazolato groups extend the dinuclear species into a two‐dimensional supramolecular architecture of (4,4) topology. Magnetic studies indicate there exists an antiferromagnetic spin coupling in FeIII2 and FeII2 units via the double triazolate bridges in 2 and 3.
Structure of Bromotrinitrosyl Iron, [Fe(NO)3Br], and DFT Calculations of the Structures of [Fe(NO)3X] (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Beck Wolfgang , Klapötke Thomas M. , Mayer Peter 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBromotrinitrosyl iron was prepared by passing a stream of nitrogen monoxide over a mixture of iron dibromide and iron powder at elevated temperatures. It readily loses NO to give [(ON)2Fe(μ‐Br)Fe(CO)2]. The structure of freshly obtained [Fe(NO)3Br] was determined by X‐ray diffraction at 200 K and shows (distorted) tetrahedral coordination with N–Fe–N and N–Fe–Br angles of 107.9(2)° and 111.0(2)° and bent Fe–N–O groups (162.5(6)°). The DFT calculations in the series [Fe(NO)3X] (X = Cl, Br, I) reproduce well the experimental structural parameters and vibrational frequencies.
Phosphorus NMR Characterisation of P–N Bond Rotamers of a α‐P4S3 Amide with a Conformationally Constrained Chiral Substituent
Authors: Tattershall Bruce W. , Knight Julian G. , Andrews Mark J. , Booth Claire L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractReactions of bicyclic α‐P4S3I2 with Hpthiq gave solutions containing α‐P4S3(pthiq)I and α‐P4S3(pthiq)2, where Hpthiq is the conformationally constrained chiral secondary amine 1‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline. The expected diastereomers have been characterised by complete analysis of their 31P{1H} NMR spectra. Hindered P–N bond rotation in the amide iodide α‐P4S3(pthiq)I caused greater broadening of peaks in the room‐temperature spectrum of one diastereomer than in that of the other. At 183 K, spectra of two P–N bond rotamers for each diastereomer were observed and analysed. The minor rotamers showed strong evidence for steric crowding, having large diastereomeric differences in 1J(P–P) and 2J(P–S–P) couplings (49 Hz, 16 % of value, and 4.4 Hz, 19 % of value, respectively).
Unexpected Formation of a π‐Coordinate Schiff Base Cobalt(0) Complex
Authors: Yu Fengli , Li Xiaoyan , Sun Hongjian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBoth tetrakis(trimethylphosphine)cobalt(0) and methyltetrakis(trimethylphosphine)cobalt(I) react with 2‐(benzylideneamino)pyridine (1) exclusively giving a complex of composition (η2(N,C)‐2‐Py‐N=CH‐C6H5)Co(PMe3)3 (2), which is shown by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction to constitute the first π‐coordinate imine cobalt(0) complex. The route of formation is proposed and discussed.
Every mother is a working mother: Breastfeeding and women's work
Authors: O'Gara C. , Canahuati J. , Moore Martin A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWorking and breastfeeding can be very complicated because of the kinds of work women are doing; the settings in which they are working; recent changes which have made breastfeeding and work less compatible; trade‐offs that working mothers must make; the importance of breastfeeding for the working woman; and the range of feeding options for working mothers. To adequately address these and other issues, several initiatives are needed: (1) additional research on breast pumping and breastmilk storage, and the social and emotional benefits of breastfeeding for working mothers and their infants; (2) protective legislation and strategies for its implementation and monitoring; (3) information and support for breastfeeding mothers and families, policy makers, and the general public; and (4) an alliance between breastfeeding advocates and feminists to promote this intrinsically female issue.
Breastfeeding and feminism
Authors: Van Esterik P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBreastfeeding empowers women and contributes to gender equality; therefore, it is an important feminist, human rights, and women's issue. Although seldom addressed as a feminist issue, breastfeeding is paradigmatically one because it requires rethinking basic issues such as the sexual division of labor, the fit between women's productive and reproductive lives, and the role of physiological processes in defining gender ideology. The conceptual problems which emerge in the fit between breastfeeding promotion and feminist theory include the place of motherhood; technology versus liberation; fear of biological determinism; breasts and sexuality; locating guilt; personal choice; romanticizing breastfeeding; and conceptualizing women's work. Feminist theorists who take up breastfeeding as an issue and medical researchers who address questions raised by feminist theory have the occasion to produce a non‐dualistic feminist problematic that would draw together a wide range of theories and practices that go beyond breastfeeding and mothering. The failure to develop this analysis could have serious consequences.
Role of the actin cytoskeleton during respiratory burst in chemoattractant‐stimulated neutrophils
Authors: Bengtsson Torbjörn , Orselius Kristina , Wetterö Jonas 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to clarify the role of the actin cytoskeleton during chemotactic peptide fMet‐Leu‐Phe (fMLF)‐stimulated respiratory burst in human neutrophil granulocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured as luminol‐amplified chemiluminescence (CL) and F‐actin content as bodipy phallacidin fluorescence in neutrophils treated with latrunculin B or jasplakinolide, an inhibitor and activator of actin polymerization, respectively. Latrunculin B markedly decreased, whereas jasplakinolide increased, the F‐actin content in neutrophils, unstimulated or stimulated with fMLF. Latrunculin B enhanced the fMLF‐triggered ROS‐production more than tenfold. Jasplakinolide initially inhibited the fMLF‐induced CL‐response, however, caused a potent second sustained phase (>400% of control). Both actin drugs triggered a substantial CL‐response when added 5–25 min after fMLF. This was also valid for chemotactic doses of fMLF, where latrunculin B and jasplakinolide amplified the ROS‐production 5–10 times. By using specific signal transduction inhibitors, we found that the NADPH oxidase activation triggered by destabilization of the actin cytoskeleton occurs downstream of phospholipase C and protein kinase C but is mediated by Rho GTPases and tyrosine phosphorylation. In conclusion, rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton are a prerequisite in connecting ligand/receptor activation, generation of second messengers and assembly of the NADPH oxidase in neutrophil granulocytes.
Ketorolac prevents recurrent withdrawal induced hyperalgesia but does not inhibit tolerance to spinal morphine in the rat
Authors: Dunbar Stuart A. , Karamian Ivan , Zhang Jiahui 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChronic use of opioid is associated with pro‐nociceptive phenomena such as hyperalgesia or tolerance. The interaction between opioid and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with respect to opioid‐associated hyperalgesia and tolerance remains largely unknown. This study examines the effect of subcutaneous or intrathecal administration of ketorolac, an NSAID, on recurrent withdrawal induced hyperalgesia and tolerance to spinal morphine in rats. Animals were infused with morphine intrathecally, and daily subcutaneous naloxone was used for recurrent withdrawal purpose. We observed that escape latencies on hot box were decreased in animals subjected to withdrawal, and this decrease was reversed by subcutaneous ketorolac pretreatment. In addition, we observed that recurrent withdrawal did not significantly affect the magnitude of spinal morphine tolerance. Compared to controls, all morphine infused animals showed similar changes in their dose responses to spinal morphine, effective dose 50 values and tolerance ratios; and these changes were not affected by the ketorolac given subcutaneously. The effect of ketorolac on tolerance was further examined by directly delivering ketorolac to the spinal cord, and again we observed similar changes in the daily latency, percentage of area under the curve and percentage of maximal possible effects among groups infused with morphine, regardless of intrathecal ketorolac treatment. Together, our results demonstrate that recurrent withdrawal is associated with hyperalgesia but this has no effect on the tolerance development; ketorolac protects against recurrent withdrawal induced hyperalgesia without significantly altering spinal morphine tolerance.