bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine Particulate Matter, Noise Pollution, and Greenspace and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Cohort
Authors: Thomas Aleah L. , Rhee Jongeun , Fisher Jared A. , Horner Marie-Josephe , Jones Rena R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Greenspace is hypothesized as being protective against cancer, whereas noise pollution and fine particulate matter (&lt;2.5 μm in diameter, PM2.5) are both potential risk factors. Findings from recent studies of greenspace and PM2.5 with prostate cancer are not conclusive and the association between noise exposure and cancer has not been evaluated in a U.S. study.

Methods:
We assessed PM2.5, noise, and greenspace exposure using spatiotemporal models and satellite-based estimates at enrollment addresses for N = 43,184 male participants of the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial cohort (enrolled 1994–2001). We used Cox regression models adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, study center, family history of prostate cancer, and Area Deprivation Index to estimate associations between ambient PM2.5 (μg/m3), greenspace (index range from –1 to 1), and noise pollution (loudest 10% of total existing sound, decibels) and incident prostate cancer risk through December 2017.

Results:
A total of 6,327 cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed among male participants during follow-up. PM2.5 and noise exposures were moderately positively correlated (Spearman ρ = 0.46), and PM2.5 and greenspace were not correlated (ρ = 0.10); greenspace and noise were inversely correlated (ρ = −0.32). In single-pollutant and multipollutant models mutually adjusted for coexposures, we found no associations with prostate cancer risk.

Conclusions:
We did not find evidence that PM2.5, greenspace, and noise pollution were associated with prostate cancer risk in this large, geographically spread cohort.

Impact:
This study contributes to a small body of existing literature investigating these biologically plausible associations.
Role of Raptor Gene Variants in Hypertension: Influence on Blood Pressure Independent of Salt Intake in White Population
Authors: Aljaibeji Hayat , Heydarpour Mahyar , Stanton Ana Maria , Williams Jonathan S. , Pojoga Luminita H. , Romero Jose R. , Williams Gordon H. 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
The mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is an essential regulator of fundamental biological processes. mTOR forms 2 distinct complexes, mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) when it binds with RAPTOR (Regulatory-associated Protein of mTOR) and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2) when it associates with RICTOR (Rapamycin-insesitive companion of mTOR). Due to the previous link between the mTOR pathway, aldosterone, and blood pressure (BP), we anticipated that variants in the mTOR complex might be associated with salt-sensitive BP.

METHODS:

BP and other parameters were assessed after a one-week liberal Na
+
(200 mmol/d) and a one-week restricted Na
+
(10 mmol/d) diet in 608 White subjects from the Hypertensive Pathotype cohort, single-nucleotide variants in
MTOR
,
RPTOR
, and
RICTOR
genes were obtained for candidate genes analyses.

RESULTS:

The analysis revealed a significant association between a single nucleotide variants within the
RPTOR
gene and BP. Individuals carrying the
RPTOR
rs9901846 homozygous risk allele (AA) and heterozygous risk allele (GA) exhibited a 5 mm Hg increase in systolic BP on a liberal diet compared with nonrisk allele individuals (GG), but only in women. This single nucleotide variants effect was more pronounced on the restricted diet and present in both sexes, with AA carriers having a 9 mm Hg increase and GA carriers having a 5 mm Hg increase in systolic BP compared with GG. Interestingly, there were no significant associations between
MTOR
or
RICTOR
gene variants and BP.

CONCLUSIONS:

The
RPTOR
gene variation is associated with elevated BP in White participants, regardless of salt intake, specifically in females.
Accumulating Sedentary Time and Physical Activity From Childhood to Adolescence and Cardiac Function in Adolescence
Authors: Haapala Eero A. , Leppänen Marja H. , Lee Earric , Savonen Kai , Laukkanen Jari A. , Kähönen Mika , Brage Soren , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Increased physical activity (PA) may mitigate the negative cardiovascular health effects of sedentary behavior in adolescents. However, the relationship of PA and sedentary time from childhood with cardiac function in adolescence remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated the associations of cumulative sedentary time and PA from childhood to adolescence with cardiac function in adolescence.

Methods and Results
Participants were 153 adolescents (69 girls) who were aged 6 to 8 years at baseline, 8 to 10 years at 2‐year follow‐up, and 15 to 17 years at 8‐year follow‐up. Cumulative sedentary time and PA exposure between baseline and 2‐year follow‐up and between baseline and 8‐year follow‐up were measured using a combined accelerometer and heart rate monitor. Cardiac function was assessed using impedance cardiography at 8‐year follow‐up. The data were analyzed using linear regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. Cumulative moderate to vigorous PA (standardized regression coefficient [β]=−0.323 [95% CI, −0.527 to −0.119]) and vigorous PA (β=−0.295 [95% CI, −0.508 to −0.083]) from baseline to 8‐year follow‐up were inversely associated with cardiac work at 8‐year follow‐up. Conversely, cumulative sedentary time had a positive association (β=0.245 [95% CI, 0.092−0.398]). Cumulative vigorous PA from baseline to 8‐year follow‐up was inversely associated with cardiac work index at 8‐year follow‐up (β=−0.218 [95% CI, −0.436 to 0.000]).

Conclusions
Higher levels of sedentary time and lower levels of PA during childhood were associated with higher cardiac work in adolescence, highlighting the importance of increasing PA and reducing sedentary time from childhood.
Arterial Tortuosity Is a Potent Determinant of Safety in Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Saber Hamidreza , Colby Geoffrey P. , Mueller‐Kronast Nils , Aziz‐Sultan Mohammad Ali , Klucznik Richard , Saver Jeffrey L. , Sanossian Nerses , Hellinger Frank R. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Yao Tom L. , Jahan Reza , Haussen Diogo C. , Nogueira Raul G. , Froehler Michael T. , Zaidat Osama O. , Liebeskind David S. ,   for the STRATIS Investigators
Published: March 2024

Background
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) associated with vessel injury during endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke is a known complication. Arterial anatomy may predispose to increased risk of SAH and technical safety, yet factors such as clot location, arterial size, and tortuosity have not been explored. We examined these anatomic factors with respect to SAH during thrombectomy.

Methods
Arterial anatomy at the site of occlusion and mechanical thrombectomy during device deployment was detailed by the STRATIS (Systematic Evaluation of Patients Treated With Neurothrombectomy Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke) core laboratory. Luminal diameters, arterial branching, and segmental tortuosity were measured. Arterial tortuosity was quantified using the distance factor metric. Statistical analyses included descriptive variables of arterial anatomy, with univariable and multivariable modeling to predict SAH.

Results

Arterial tortuosity in each segment from the proximal cerebral arteries to the site of occlusion was quantified in 790 subjects treated with mechanical thrombectomy in STRATIS. Cumulative arterial tortuosity to the site of vessel occlusion was greater in distal lesions. SAH was clearly linked with more distal thrombectomy (
P
= 0.02), occurring in 19.0% of distal M2, 16.7% of M3, 7.3% of distal M1, 5.8% of proximal M2, 2.4% of distal internal carotid artery, and 2.1% of proximal M1. In multivariable analysis after adjusting for arterial diameter at the site of occlusion, arterial tortuosity was a significant predictor of SAH (upper tertile versus 1: odds ratio, 3.08 [95% CI, 1.04–9.09];
P
= 0.04), while arterial diameter was unrelated to SAH (
P
= 0.30) when accounting for tortuosity.

Conclusion
This novel analysis of arterial tortuosity and angiographic anatomy during mechanical thrombectomy establishes tortuosity as a determinant of SAH, providing insight for future techniques and innovative device designs.
Biometric Monitoring, Service Delivery and Misreporting: Evidence from Healthcare in India
Authors: Bossuroy Thomas , Delavallade Clara , Pons Vincent 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We examine the impact of biometric monitoring devices placed in tuberculosis treatment centers in Indian slums. The devices record health worker attendance and patient visits. Combining survey data, random center visits, and hospital registers, we find that patients at biometric-equipped centers are 25 percent less likely to interrupt treatment, reflecting increased efforts by health workers and greater daily adherence by patients. The technology also improves the quality of public data by reducing overreported patient numbers and underreported treatment interruptions. Overall, our results suggest that real-time monitoring of service delivery can strengthen the state's capacity to serve poor and marginalized populations.
Regulatory Incentives for Innovation: The FDA's Breakthrough Therapy Designation
Authors: Chandra Amitabh , Kao Jennifer , Miller Kathleen L. , Stern Ariel D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Regulators of new products confront a tradeoff between speeding a product to market and collecting additional product quality information. The FDA's Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) provides an opportunity to understand if regulators can use new policy to innovate around this tradeoff. We find that the BTD program shortened clinical development times by 23 percent and did not impact the ex post safety profile of drugs with the designation. The BTD program had the greatest impact on less experienced firms and reduced clinical trial design complexity. The results suggest that targeted regulatory innovation can shorten R&D periods without compromising product quality.
Monetary Policy and Home Buying Inequality
Authors: Ringo Daniel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Does monetary policy inuence who becomes a home owner? Lower-income home buyers may be more sensitive to interest rates, at least in part because they more frequently come up against binding payment-to-income ratio constraints in credit decisions. Exploiting the timing of high-frequency observations of individual mortgage rate locks around monetary policy shocks, I find that a 1 percentage point policy-induced increase in mortgage rates lowers the presence of lower-income households in the population of home buyers by 1 to 2 percentage points immediately following the shock. Effects are substantially stronger among first-time home buyers, and persist for approximately one year.
Two Canariella species (Gastropoda: Helicodea: Hygromiidae) endemic to the Northwest Tenerife (Canary Islands)
Authors: IBÁÑEZ MIGUEL , SIVERIO FELIPE , ALONSO MARÍA R. , PONTE-LIRA CARMEN E. 
Published: March 2024

Canariella giustii sp. nov. is described and morphological data for C. pontelirae Hutterer, 1994, previously believed extinct, are added. C. giustii differs from all the other known species of the genus mainly by the broadened penis, with a lateral-proximal epiphallar opening and the extension of the two epiphallar folds in the penial cavity without merging in a penial papilla. Both species are endemic to Teno massif (Tenerife Island). The range of the living population of C. pontelirae is very small, only of about 0.4 km2, and tourism has significant effect over the entire area. Thus, C. pontelirae is seriously threatened. It is recommended that the species be classified as “Critically Endangered”, that it be included in the Habitats Directive Annex II and IV of the European Union, and to increase the legal protection level of its relic distribution area to the category of "Site of Scientific Interest". Nine other endemic land snail species also live at that site (among them, C. giustii) and they would benefit from this new level of protection.
Revision of the South Pacific endemic genera Orthopsyche McFarlane 1976, Abacaria Mosely 1941 and Caledopsyche Kimmins 1953 with the description of 29 new species (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
Authors: OLÁH JÁNOS , JOHANSON KJELL ARNE , BARNARD PETER C. 
Published: March 2024

The taxonomy of the SE Pacific endemic genera Orthopsyche McFarlane 1976, Abacaria Mosely 1941, and Caledopsyche Kimmins 1953 is revised, and 29 species are described as new. Orthopsyche is divided into 6 species groups. The Orthopsyche fimbriata group contains the 4 species: O. fimbriata (McLachlan), O. thomasi (Wise), O. amiena (Sykora), n. comb., and O. wardi Oláh & Johanson, n. sp. The O. tneda group includes the 2 species: O. tneda Oláh & Johanson, n. sp. and O. rashala Oláh & Johanson, n. sp. The Orthopsyche peta group holds the 5 species O. peta Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., O. piuna Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., O. mcfarlanei Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., O. ayapona Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., and O. schefterae Oláh & Johanson, n. sp. The largest Orthopsyche nadauna group includes 6 species: O. pakaha Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., O. nadauna Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., O. vrupama Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., O. sematho Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., O. neboissi Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., and O. imbah Oláh & Johanson, n. sp. The Orthopsyche kina group holds 2 species: O. kina Oláh & Johanson, n. sp. and O. edhamasa Oláh & Johanson, n. sp. The Orthopsyche touna group is monotypic, with only O. touna Oláh & Johanson, n. sp. represented. Abacaria is divided into 6 species groups, with one incertae sedis. The Abacaria subfusca group includes the 3 species A. subfusca Kimmins, A. orkeni Illies, and A. beroni, n.comb. The Abacaria ruficeps group holds 3 species: A. ruficeps (Brauer), A. robinsoni Oláh & Barnard, n. sp., and A. moselyi Oláh & Barnard, n. sp. The Abacaria nuhu group includes the 2 species: A. nuhu Oláh & Barnard, n. sp. and A. cristova Oláh & Barnard, n. sp. The Abacaria fijiana group comprises the 3 species A. fijiana (Mosely), A. wekana Oláh & Barnard, n. sp., and A. levu Oláh & Barnard, n. sp. The Abacaria kosova group includes the 2 species A. kosova Oláh & Barnard, n. sp. and A. savura Oláh & Barnard, n. sp. A single species from New Caledonia, A. caledona Oláh & Johanson, n. sp. belongs to the Abacaria caledona group. A. picea (Brauer) is incertae sedis within Abacaria. Caledopsyche is divided into 3 species groups, the Caledopsyche kimminsi group with the 6 species C. kimminsi Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., C. noumea Oláh & Johanson, n. sp., C. leander Schefter & Ward, C. cerberus Schefter & Ward, C. cheesmanae Kimmins, and C. phallaina Schefter & Ward. The Caledopsyche erotos group includes the single species C. erotos Schefter & Ward. The Caledopsyche atalanta group holds the 2 species C. atalanta Schefter & Ward, and C. apide Oláh & Johanson, n. sp.
North–South Disparity in Impact of Climate Change on “Outdoor Days”
Authors: Choi Yeon-Woo , Khalifa Muhammad , Eltahir Elfatih A. B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Here, we introduce the concept of “outdoor days” to describe how climate change can affect quality of life for different communities and individuals. An outdoor day is characterized by moderate temperature, neither too cold nor too hot, allowing most people to enjoy outdoor activities. The number of “outdoor days” is a nonlinear function of the daily surface air temperature. If the latter falls within a specific range describing assumed thermal comfort conditions, then we assign that day as an “outdoor day.” Using this function, we describe climate change impacts on temperature differently, compared to other studies which often describe these impacts in terms of the linear averaging of daily surface air temperature. The introduction of this new concept offers another way for communicating how climate change may impact the quality of life for individuals who usually plan their outdoor activities based on how local weather conditions compare to their preferred levels of thermal comfort. Based on our analysis of regional variations in “outdoor days,” we present observational and modeling evidence of a north–south disparity in climate change impacts. Under high-emission scenarios, CMIP5 and CMIP6 models project fewer “outdoor days” for people living in developing countries, primarily located in low-latitude regions. Meanwhile, developed countries in mid- and high-latitude regions could gain more “outdoor days,” redistributed across seasons.

Significance Statement
We introduce a novel concept: outdoor days, characterizing surface air temperature conditions that allow for outdoor activities, such as walking, jogging, and cycling, by most people. We project that under high-emission scenarios of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, a north–south disparity of climate change risk will be enhanced considerably toward the end of this century due to more frequent outdoor days in the wealthy Global North and less frequent outdoor days in the deprived Global South.
Rapid Identification of Suspected Drug Overdose Deaths by Death Investigators, New Jersey, 2020
Authors: Hochstatter Karli R. , Williams Marlon , Latham Shanna , Fenton David , Falzon Andrew L. 
Published: March 2024

Objective: While the number of overdoses in the United States continues to increase, lags in data availability have undermined efforts to monitor, respond to, and prevent drug overdose deaths. We examined the performance of a single-item mandatory radio button implemented into a statewide medical examiner database to identify suspected drug overdose deaths in near-real time. Materials and Methods: The New Jersey Office of the Chief State Medical Examiner operates a statewide mandated case management data system to document deaths that fall under the jurisdiction of a medical examiner office. In 2018, the New Jersey Office of the Chief State Medical Examiner implemented a radio button into the case management data system that requires investigators to report whether a death is a suspected drug overdose death. We examined the performance of this tool by comparing confirmed drug overdose deaths in New Jersey during 2020 with suspected drug overdose deaths identified by investigators using the radio button. To measure performance, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and false-positive and false-negative error rates. Results: During 2020, New Jersey medical examiners investigated 26 527 deaths: 2952 were confirmed by the state medical examiner as a drug overdose death and 3050 were identified by investigators using the radio button as a suspected drug overdose death. Sensitivity was calculated as 96.1% (2837/2952), specificity as 99.1% (23 362/23 575), positive predictive value as 93.0% (2837/3050), negative predictive value as 99.5% (23 362/23 477), false-positive error rate as 7.0% (213/3050), and false-negative error rate as 3.9% (115/2952). Practice Implications: Implementation of a radio button into death investigation databases provides a simple and accurate method for identifying and tracking drug overdose deaths in near-real time.
Detection and evaluation of hole making delamination damage in CFRP based on RGHT
Authors: Nie Peng , Peng Xinyue , Yang Chengyue , Pan Wujiu 
Published: March 2024

Aiming at the limitations of quantitative evaluation of delamination damage in carbon fiber-reinforced composites, an image processing method combining region growing and hysteresis thresholding was proposed. Damage images captured through the Scanning Acoustic Microscope were subjected to this method, enabling precise extraction of the damage region. Parameters such as diameter, area, and contour length of the damage region were subsequently computed. The experimental outcomes confirm the majority of the partial damage diameters obtained by this method differ by far less than 0.1 mm, and the variation in damage area maintains within an acceptable range, affirming the method’s accuracy and efficiency in delamination damage region extraction compared with the existing methods. Leveraging the characteristic parameters of the damaged area, diverse damage factors can be computed, facilitating comprehensive analysis and comparison for the evaluation of delamination damage severity. In the continuous machining conditions of this experiment, [Formula: see text] is the most accurate delamination factor to characterize the extent of delamination damage through the comparison with the trend of the tool wear curve.
What are the Correlates of Hearing Aid Use for People Living With Dementia?
Authors: Hooper Emma , Brown Laura J. E. , Dawes Piers , Leroi Iracema , Armitage Christopher J. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives To identify correlates of hearing aid use in people with dementia and age-related hearing loss. Methods Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of predictor variables from 239 participants with dementia and hearing loss in the European SENSE-Cog Randomized Controlled Trial (Cyprus, England, France, Greece, and Ireland). Results In multivariate analysis, four variables were significantly associated with hearing aid use: greater self-perceived hearing difficulties (OR 2.61 [CI 1.04−6.55]), lower hearing acuity (OR .39 [CI .2−.56]), higher cognitive ability (OR 1.19 [CI 1.08−1.31]), and country of residence. Participants in England had significantly increased odds of use compared to Cyprus (OR .36 [CI .14−.96]), France (OR .12 [CI .04−.34]) or Ireland (OR .05 [CI .01−.56]) but not Greece (OR 1.13 [CI .42–3.00]). Conclusions Adapting interventions to account for cognitive ability, country of residence, self-perceived hearing difficulties, and hearing acuity may support hearing aid use in people with dementia.
Second Metatarsal Length and Transfer Ulcers After First Metatarsal Amputation in Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Cavalcanti Nicola A. , Martini Katharina , Götschi Tobias , Krähenbühl Nicola , Schöni Madlaina , Waibel Felix W. A. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Plantar transfer ulcers (TUs) underneath the second metatarsal head are frequent after first metatarsal ray amputations due to diabetic foot infections. Whether the second metatarsal length (2ML) is associated with TU occurrence in these patients is unclear. This study evaluated whether 2ML is associated with TU occurrence after first-ray amputations and whether ulcer-free survival is shorter in patients with “excess” 2ML. Methods: Forty-two patients with a mean age of 67 (range 33-93) years, diabetes, and first metatarsal ray amputation (first amputation at the affected foot) were included. Two independent readers measured the 2ML using the Coughlin method. A protrusion of more than 4.0 mm of the second metatarsal was defined as “excess” 2ML. The effect of 2ML on ulcer occurrence was analyzed using a multivariate Cox regression model. A Kaplan-Meier curve for TU-free survival was constructed comparing the 2 groups of “normal” (n = 21) and “excess” 2ML (n = 21). Results: Interrater reliability was excellent. TUs underneath the second metatarsal occurred in 15 (36%) patients. In agreement with our hypothesis, 2ML was nonsignificantly different in patients with TUs, recording a mean of 5.3 (SD 2.5) mm, compared to patients without 4.0 (SD 2.3) mm (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% CI 0.89-1.41), whereas insulin dependence was associated with ulcer occurrence (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-0.99). Conclusion: In our relatively small study population with a cutoff level of 4 mm for excess 2ML, ulcer-free survival was similar in patients with “normal” and “excess” 2ML. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.