bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a screening method for classifying virgin and recycled paper and board samples
Authors: Asensio Esther , Nerín Cristina 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with the study of volatile compounds released by recycled paper and board. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility of headspace procedure coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) applied to complex paper‐based samples together with a chemometric procedure as a powerful method for screening potential volatile contaminants released by the recycled and virgin paper samples. Using this procedure, the identification of virgin or recycled paper could be achieved based on the identification on specific markers of the recycled pulp. Fifteen different samples within virgin and recycled paper were studied. After equilibration, the vapour phase of the samples was analysed by automatic headspace coupled online to GC/MS. The analytical approach for volatile compounds, their identification and the selection of some compounds as markers for recycled pulp are shown and discussed. A discriminate analysis applied to the set of results obtained allows classification of the samples into four different groups according to the content of recycled pulp (0, 10–30 and > 80% of recycled pulp), the surface treatment of the paper (no surface treatment, clay coating and plastic coating), the grammage (from < 100 to > 300 g/m2) and the sample thickness (from < 300 to > 600 µm). The matrix effect on the volatilization of some compounds from the paper samples and the analytical behaviour are also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fisher information matrix for nonlinear mixed effects multiple response models: Evaluation of the appropriateness of the first order linearization using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model
Authors: Bazzoli Caroline , Retout Sylvie , Mentré France 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe focus on the Fisher information matrix used for design evaluation and optimization in nonlinear mixed effects multiple response models. We evaluate the appropriateness of its expression computed by linearization as proposed for a single response model. Using a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) example, we first compare the computation of the Fisher information matrix with approximation to one derived from the observed matrix on a large simulation using the stochastic approximation expectation–maximization algorithm (SAEM). The expression of the Fisher information matrix for multiple responses is also evaluated by comparison with the empirical information obtained through a replicated simulation study using the first‐order linearization estimation methods implemented in the NONMEM software (first‐order (FO), first‐order conditional estimate (FOCE)) and the SAEM algorithm in the MONOLIX software. The predicted errors given by the approximated information matrix are close to those given by the information matrix obtained without linearization using SAEM and to the empirical ones obtained with FOCE and SAEM. The simulation study also illustrates the accuracy of both FOCE and SAEM estimation algorithms when jointly modelling multiple responses and the major limitations of the FO method. This study highlights the appropriateness of the approximated Fisher information matrix for multiple responses, which is implemented in PFIM 3.0, an extension of the R function PFIM dedicated to design evaluation and optimization. It also emphasizes the use of this computing tool for designing population multiple response studies, as for instance in PKPD studies or in PK studies including the modelling of the PK of a drug and its active metabolite. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic prediction of macrosomia cannot be improved by combination with pregnancy‐specific characteristics
Authors: Balsyte D. , Schäffer L. , Burkhardt T. , Wisser J. , Kurmanavicius J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of a combination of sonographic, clinical and demographic data for detecting fetal macrosomia compared to ultrasound fetal weight estimation alone.MethodsRetrospective cohort data were obtained from 1062 pregnancies in an unselected population. Estimated fetal sonographic weight was obtained within the last week prior to delivery. Two different combination models—published by Mazouni et al. and Nahum and Stanislaw—were employed to predict the presence of macrosomia at birth in these infants. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves were generated to compare the prediction of macrosomia when using different observation methods and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated.ResultsMacrosomia (birth weight ≥ 4000 g) was present in 135/1062 (12.7%) newborns. ROC curve analysis revealed the prediction of macrosomia using ultrasound alone to be significantly superior to the combined method of Mazouni et al. (area under the curve (AUC) 0.922, 95% CI 0.902–0.943 vs. 0.747, 95% CI 0.700–0.794, respectively; P < 0.0005), whereas the performance of the Nahum and Stanislaw equation was similar but not superior to ultrasound alone (AUC 0.895, 95% CI 0.839–0.950 vs. 0.912, 95% CI 0.867–0.958, respectively; P > 0.05). The accuracy of macrosomia prediction was similar for ultrasound alone and the Nahum and Stanislaw equation (∼90%), whereas the nomogram of Mazouni et al. reached only 51.7% accuracy (using a probability cut‐off level of 50%). The NPV was found to be over 90% for all methods.ConclusionsCombination of sonographic estimates with clinical and demographic variables does not improve the prediction of macrosomia at delivery in comparison with a routine ultrasound scan within a week before delivery, at least in unselected populations. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microemulsion Formation and Detergency with Oily Soil: V. Effects of Water Hardness and Builder
Authors: Tanthakit Parichat , Nakrachata‐Amorn Ampika , Scamehorn John F. , Sabatini David A. , Tongcumpou Chantra , Chavadej Sumaeth 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, the impact of water hardness and builder on the phase diagrams of motor oil microemulsions and the detergency of oil removal from a polyester/cotton blend was investigated. Water hardness and builder were found to have insignificant effects on the microemulsion phase diagram with motor oil. A mixed surfactant system of two parts C14–15(PO)3SO4Na, and 98 parts C12–14H25–29O(EO)5H of the total actives at 4% salinity was used to study the effect of water hardness and builders sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on detergency at 30 °C at a total active concentration of 0.3%. This formulation is in the Winsor Type III microemulsion regime. The microemulsion‐based formulation resulted in better detergency than a leading commercial liquid laundry detergent at all concentrations up to 0.5% actives. The microemulsion‐based formulation showed a plateau in detergency at >80% oil removal above 0.1% actives. The total oil removal decreased with increasing water hardness while the interfacial tension increased. When hard water was used in laundering, the total oil removal improved with increasing concentrations of STPP or EDTA up to stoichiometric levels, with STPP being slightly more effective than EDTA on a molar basis. Even high builder concentration could not improve hard water detergency to that of soft water. A significant fraction of oil removal occurred in the rinse steps vs. the wash step. Increasing water hardness reduced this fractional oil removal in the rinse steps, but it was still over half of total oil removal at 1,000 ppm water hardness.
The plasmid encoding HSP47 enhances collagen expression and promotes skin wound healing in an alloxan‐induced diabetic model
Authors: Wang Zuolin , Li Lin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe objective of this work was initially to investigate the effects on skin wound healing process by local injection of HSP47 recombinant plasmid in an alloxan‐induced diabetic rat model and assess the possibility and utility of gene therapy based on HSP47 plasmid to improve the diabetic skin wound healing. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with alloxan (120 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. The fragment containing the rat 47 kDa heat shock protein (HSP47) gene lacking its own promoter was cloned into plasmids containing a promoter and green fluorescent protein (GFP). The resulting gene constructs were first tested in vitro using 3T3 fibroblast cell line and subsequently in vivo after inducing wounds with alloxan in diabetic rats. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative fluorescent RT‐PCR, and Western blotting 3–5 days after plasmid injection were performed to measure the expression changes of HSP47 and collagen I. The results demonstrate an increase of HSP47 levels in vitro in 3T3 fibroblast cells and in vivo in diabetic rat after treatment with plasmids expressing HSP47. The level of collagen I around the wound during the repair process was higher in the treated group than that in the control group, indicating that the constructs may have use in human gene therapy in cases of impaired skin wound healing in diabetes.
Guidelines on the management of fibromyalgia syndrome – A systematic review
Authors: Häuser Winfried , Thieme Kati , Turk Dennis C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe compared the methodology and the recommendations of evidence‐based guidelines for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) to give an orientation within the continuously growing number of reviews on the therapy of FMS. Systematic searches up to April 2008 of the US‐American National Guideline Clearing House, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) and Medline were conducted. Three evidence‐based guidelines for the management of FMS published by professional organizations were identified: The American Pain Society (APS) (2005), the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) (2007), and the AWMF (2008). The steering committees and panels of APS and AWMF were comprised of multiple disciplines engaged in the management of FMS and included patients, whereas the task force of EULAR only consisted of physicians, predominantly rheumatologists. APS and AWMF ascribed the highest level of evidence to systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, whereas EULAR credited the highest level of evidence to randomised controlled studies. Both APS and AWMF assigned the highest level of recommendation to aerobic exercise, cognitive‐behavioral therapy, amitriptyline, and multicomponent treatment. In contrast, EULAR assigned the highest level of recommendation to a set of to pharmacological treatment. Although there was some consistency in the recommendations regarding pharmacological treatments among the three guidelines, the APS and AWMF guidelines assigned higher ratings to CBT and multicomponent treatments. The inconsistencies across guidelines are likely attributable to the criteria used for study inclusion, weighting systems, and composition of the panels.
Populism and euroscepticism: Towards uncivil society?
Authors: Ruzza Carlo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper examines and classifies “uncivil society” in Europe, that is, a set of associational activities characterized by discursively exclusionist, undemocratic or violent features. With particular reference to organizations connected to the political right, it examines the relation between political systems and civil society, identifying the factors that have made civil society relevant for political actors and pointing to a relation of mutual dependence between the associational world and political movements and parties.It is argued that membership in uncivil society organizations is an alternative type of political participation which articulates growing anti-political sentiments, and that the emergence of uncivil society activities is rooted in newly relevant conceptions of social and political life which are anti-modern and based on ascriptive criteria of membership. Uncivil society organizations are classified as racist, nationalist and populist, and characterized as biologically essentialist, or territorially or culturally exclusionist.
Unveiling the Secrets of the Galactic bulge through stellar abundances in the near-IR: a VLT/Crires project
Authors: Ryde Nils 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe formation and evolution of the Milky Way bulge can be constrained by studying elemental abundances of bulge stars. Due to the large and variable visual extinction in the line-of-sight towards the bulge, an analysis in the near-IR is preferred. Here, I will present some preliminary results of an on-going project in which elemental abundances, especially those of the C, N, and O elements, of bulge stars are investigated by analysing CRIRES spectra observed with the VLT.
Nuclear translocation and signalling of L1-CAM in human carcinoma cells requires ADAM10 and presenilin/γ-secretase activity
Authors: Riedle Svenja , Kiefel Helena , Gast Daniela , Bondong Sandra , Wolterink Silke , Gutwein Paul , Altevogt Peter 
Published: March 2009

L1-CAM (L1 cell-adhesion molecule), or more simply L1, plays an important role in the progression of human carcinoma. Overexpression promotes tumour-cell invasion and motility, growth in nude mice and tumour metastasis. It is feasible that L1-dependent signalling contributes to these effects. However, little is known about its mechanism in tumour cells. We reported previously that L1 is cleaved by ADAM (adisintegrin and metalloprotease) and that the cytoplasmic part is essential for L1 function. Here we analysed more closely the role of proteolytic cleavage in L1-mediated nuclear signalling. Using OVMz carcinoma cells and L1-transfected cells as a model, we found that ADAM10-mediated cleavage of L1 proceeds in lipid raft and non-raft domains. The cleavage product, L1-32, is further processed by PS (presenilin)/γ-secretase to release L1-ICD, an L1 intracellular domain of 28 kDa. Overexpression of dominant-negative PS1 or use of a specific γ-secretase inhibitor leads to an accumulation of L1-32. Fluorescence and biochemical analysis revealed a nuclear localization for L1-ICD. Moreover, inhibition of ADAM10 and/or γ-secretase blocks nuclear translocation of L1-ICD and L1-dependent gene regulation. Overexpression of recombinant L1-ICD mediates gene regulation in a similar manner to full-length L1. Our results establish for the first time that regulated proteolytic processing by ADAM10 and PS/γ-secretase is essential for the nuclear signalling of L1 in human carcinoma cell lines.
Haemodialysis acutely reduces the plasma levels of ADMA without reversing impaired NO-dependent vasodilation
Authors: Engelberger Rolf P. , Teta Daniel , Henry Hughes , De Senarclens Olivier , Dischl Benoît , Liaudet Lucas , Burnier Michel , Waeber Bernard , Feihl François 
Published: March 2009

End-stage renal disease patients have endothelial dysfunction and high plasma levels of ADMA (asymmetric ω-NG,NG-dimethylarginine), an endogenous inhibitor of NOS (NO synthase). The actual link between these abnormalities is controversial. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether HD (haemodialysis) has an acute impact on NO-dependent vasodilation and plasma ADMA in these patients. A total of 24 patients undergoing maintenance HD (HD group) and 24 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (Control group) were enrolled. The increase in forearm SkBF (skin blood flow) caused by local heating to 41 °C (SkBF41), known to depend on endothelial NO production, was determined with laser Doppler imaging. SkBF41 was expressed as a percentage of the vasodilatory reserve obtained from the maximal SkBF induced by local heating to 43 °C (independent of NO). In HD patients, SkBF41 was assessed on two successive HD sessions, once immediately before and once immediately after HD. Plasma ADMA was assayed simultaneously with MS/MS (tandem MS). In the Control group, SkBF41 was determined twice, on two different days, and plasma ADMA was assayed once. In HD patients, SkBF41 was identical before (82.2±13.1%) and after (82.7±12.4%) HD, but was lower than in controls (day 1, 89.6±6.1; day 2, 89.2±6.9%; P&lt;0.01 compared with the HD group). In contrast, plasma ADMA was higher before (0.98±0.17 μmol/l) than after (0.58±0.10 μmol/l; P&lt;0.01) HD. ADMA levels after HD did not differ from those obtained in controls (0.56±0.11 μmol/l). These findings show that HD patients have impaired NO-dependent vasodilation in forearm skin, an abnormality not acutely reversed by HD and not explained by ADMA accumulation.
Abnormal cervical cytology is associated with increased nitric oxide release in the uterine cervix
Authors: RAHKOLA PAIVI , MIKKOLA TOMI S. , NIEMINEN PEKKA , YLIKORKALA OLAVI , VAISANEN‐TOMMISKA MERVI 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective. The human uterine cervix is capable of producing nitric oxide (NO). We studied the impact of cytological changes on the release of cervical NO. Design. Population‐based case–control study. Setting. City of Helsinki, Finland. Population. Cervical cytology tests and cervical fluid samples were collected in 297 women. Methods. Cervical cytology tests, classified according to Bethesda criteria, were specifically analyzed for changes typically seen in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and the level of NO metabolites (NOx) in cervical fluid was assessed by Griess reaction. Main outcome measures. The difference in cervical fluid NOx between normal and abnormal cytology. Results. Cervical cytology was normal in 219 women and abnormal in 78 women. Among women with abnormal cytology there was both a higher detection rate (89% vs. 71%) and a higher concentration of NOx (median 22.5 μmol/l, 95% CI 14.6–31.9 vs. 11.0 μmol/l, 95% CI 8.0–16.7) compared to women with normal cytology. Age, parity, use of oral contraceptives, phase of the menstrual cycle, or history of miscarriage or termination of early pregnancy were not linked to an increased cervical NOx level. Conclusions. Cervical cell changes (suggestive of HPV infection) are accompanied by an increased release of NO in the human cervix. The significance of this finding remains uncertain, but in theory, increased release of NO could modify the outcome of cervical infection.
A modified hyperplane clustering algorithm allows for efficient and accurate clustering of extremely large datasets
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Podolsky Robert , Zhao Jieping , McIndoe Richard A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Motivation: As the number of publically available microarray experiments increases, the ability to analyze extremely large datasets across multiple experiments becomes critical. There is a requirement to develop algorithms which are fast and can cluster extremely large datasets without affecting the cluster quality. Clustering is an unsupervised exploratory technique applied to microarray data to find similar data structures or expression patterns. Because of the high input/output costs involved and large distance matrices calculated, most of the algomerative clustering algorithms fail on large datasets (30 000 + genes/200 + arrays). In this article, we propose a new two-stage algorithm which partitions the high-dimensional space associated with microarray data using hyperplanes. The first stage is based on the Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies algorithm with the second stage being a conventional k-means clustering technique. This algorithm has been implemented in a software tool (HPCluster) designed to cluster gene expression data. We compared the clustering results using the two-stage hyperplane algorithm with the conventional k-means algorithm from other available programs. Because, the first stage traverses the data in a single scan, the performance and speed increases substantially. The data reduction accomplished in the first stage of the algorithm reduces the memory requirements allowing us to cluster 44 460 genes without failure and significantly decreases the time to complete when compared with popular k-means programs. The software was written in C# (.NET 1.1).
Availability: The program is freely available and can be downloaded from http://www.amdcc.org/bioinformatics/bioinformatics.aspx.
Contact: rmcindoe@mail.mcg.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comparison of myocardial deformation and velocity dyssynchrony for identification of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Mele Donato , Toselli Tiziano , Capasso Fabio , Stabile Giuseppe , Piacenti Marcello , Piepoli Massimo , Giatti Sara , Klersy Catherine , Sallusti Luciano , Ferrari Roberto 
Published: March 2009

AimsIt is unclear whether myocardial velocity or deformation indices of dyssynchrony are better at predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Therefore, two indices of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony based on myocardial velocity and deformation were compared to predict success of CRT.Methods and resultsSixty patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, New York Heart Association class III–IV, LV ejection fraction (EF) ≤35%, QRS >120 ms underwent CRT. The standard deviation of the averaged time‐to‐peak longitudinal negative strain (Tɛ‐SD) and positive systolic velocity (Tv‐SD) of 12 LV segments were calculated before and after 6 months of CRT. Responders were defined at month 6 by ≥20% EF increase and/or ≥15% end‐systolic volume (ESV) decrease with respect to baseline. On univariable analysis, baseline Tɛ‐SD and Tv‐SD were both significantly associated with CRT response; however, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was better for Tɛ‐SD. On bivariable analysis, only Tɛ‐SD retained an independent prognostic value for CRT response. Results of the analysis did not change when the logistic models were adjusted for aetiology.ConclusionBaseline dyssynchrony of longitudinal myocardial peak deformation (Tɛ‐SD) appears to be better than dyssynchrony of longitudinal myocardial peak systolic velocities (Tv‐SD) for the identification of CRT responders.
Return-to-duty Rates among Coalition Forces Treated in a Forward-deployed Pain Treatment Center
Authors: White Ron L. , Cohen Steven P. 
Published: March 2009

Background
Non-battle-related injuries and the recurrence of chronic pain are major causes of medical evacuation in wartime. Because a pain medicine specialist may or may not be assigned to a forward-deployed medical unit, the treatment of pain from non-battle-related injuries in war zones is a serendipitous endeavor. Previous studies have demonstrated that the return-to-unit rate for soldiers evacuated to a tertiary care facility for pain management is abysmally low.

Methods
This is a prospective, observational study measuring return-to-duty rates in the first forward-deployed pain treatment center.

Results
Over a 6-month period, 132 patients were treated, the large majority (n = 113) of whom were coalition forces. In descending order, the four most common diagnoses among coalition forces were lumbar radiculopathy (n = 63), thoracic pain (n = 13), cervical radiculopathy (n = 8), and groin pain (n = 8). Epidural steroid injections (n = 125) were by far the most frequently performed procedure, followed by trigger point injections (n = 21), lumbar facet blocks (n = 16), and groin blocks (n = 9). Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were prescribed to 70% of patients, and 24% were referred to physical therapy. The return-to-duty rate for coalition forces was 94.7%. The primary complaint of all 7 patients who required medical evacuation outside the theaters of operation was groin pain.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining high return-to-duty rates when aggressive pain management strategies are used in forward-deployed areas.