bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Japanese encephalitis vaccines – needs, flaws and achievements
Authors: Tauber Erich , Dewasthaly Shailesh 
Published: March 2008

AbstractJapanese encephalitis causes serious health problems in countries in Southeast Asia, where the causative virus is endemic. Whereas most adults living in this region have acquired immunity, children are at high risk of infection. Childhood mass immunization programs with first-generation mouse brain-derived vaccines efficiently reduced Japanese encephalitis incidence in affected countries, but immunization recommendations have mostly been abolished in Japan owing to the occurrence of severe side effects. Thus, there is a pressing need for safer vaccines to keep the disease under control. The safety profile of the current vaccines, together with the relatively low incidence, makes the risk/benefit ratio unfavorable for immunization of travelers to Southeast Asia, despite the high mortality once the clinical disease has developed. As Asian countries become increasingly popular travel destinations, the availability of well-tolerated vaccines would likely shift the ratio towards immunization. Currently, there is one second-generation inactivated cell-culture-grown vaccine in late-stage clinical development that is approaching licensing in developed countries.
Construction of an encapsulated ESAT-6-based anti-TB DNA vaccine and evaluation of its immunogenic properties
Authors: Nosareva Olesya , Nesterov Andrey , Boldyrev Alexander , Smirnova Olga , Tumanov Yurii , Kouzmitcheva Galina , Tatkov Sergey 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Experimental preparations based on a DNA vaccine encoding the ESAT-6 antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been obtained (KpONE6) and studied for immunogenic effects in the murine model. The core of the preparation contains DNA of the recombinant plasmid pONE6 encapsulated within a spermidine-polyglucin conjugate, thereby protecting the DNA vaccine from degradation. KpONE6 induces a proliferative T-cell immune response in mice upon intramuscular immunization.
The coming of age of virus-like particle vaccines
Authors: Jennings Gary T. , Bachmann Martin F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Virus-like particles are supra-molecular assemblages, usually icosahedral or rod-like structures. They incorporate key immunologic features of viruses which include repetitive surfaces, particulate structures and induction of innate immunity through activation of pathogen-associated molecular-pattern recognition receptors. They carry no replicative genetic information and can be produced recombinantly in large scale. Virus-like particles thus represent a safe and effective vaccine platform for inducing potent B- and T-cell responses. In addition to being effective vaccines against the corresponding virus from which they are derived, virus-like particles can also be used to present foreign epitopes to the immune system. This can be achieved by genetic fusion or chemical conjugation. This technological innovation has greatly broadened the scope of their use, from immunizing against microbial pathogens to immunotherapy for chronic diseases. Towards this end, virus-like particles have been used to induce autoantibodies to disease-associated self-molecules involved in chronic diseases, such as hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. The recognition of the potent immunogenicity and commercial potential for virus-like particles has greatly accelerated research and development activities. During the last decade, two prophylactic virus-like particle vaccines have been registered for human use, while another 12 vaccines entered clinical development.
Vertical Transmission of Ovipleistophora ovariae (Microspora) within the Eggs of the Golden Shiner
Authors: Phelps Nicholas B. D. , Goodwin Andrew E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Fertilized eggs collected from broodfish infected by Ovipleistophora ovariae were tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and found to be positive for the O. ovariae genome at 7.77 × 102 to 3.26 × 107 copies per microgram of host DNA. Fry hatched from these eggs contained from 1.37 × 102 to 9.89 × 106 copies of the O. ovariae genome per microgram of host DNA. Surface treatments of fertilized eggs with 150 mg formalin/L (used by farms as a fungicide) or a 1.5% solution of sodium sulfite (which removes the adhesive egg matrix) did not reduce vertical transmission to fry. Treatment of eggs with a 10% solution of bleach or a proprietary commercial DNA denaturant did not reduce the number of egg-associated copies of the O. ovariae genome. Histology of ovaries of infected fish demonstrated spores within the oocytes. However, no spores were observed by histology in positive fry hatched from infected eggs. The PCR and histological demonstration of the presence of O. ovariae spores in oocytes and fry, and the failure of strong DNA denaturants to reduce egg-associated copies, give evidence that O. ovariae is vertically transmitted within eggs.
Annual Run Size and Genetic Characteristics of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Altamaha River, Georgia
Authors: Peterson Douglas L. , Schueller Paul , DeVries Rob , Fleming Joel , Grunwald Cheryl , Wirgin Isaac 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAlthough the Altamaha River, Georgia, once supported one of the largest fisheries for Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus in U.S. waters, the fishery was closed in 1997 because of severe overfishing. Since then, no studies have been conducted and population trends have remained unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate annual run size and age structure of the spring spawning migration and to determine genetic relatedness between this population and other Georgia populations. In spring of 2004 and 2005, we sampled the annual spawning run of Atlantic sturgeon in the lower 30 km of the Altamaha River using large‐mesh gill nets. Captured fish were marked with passive integrated transponder tags and released to facilitate a run estimate using a simple Schnabel mark‐recapture estimator. Over the 2 years of the study, we captured 213 individuals, yielding mark‐recapture run estimates of 324 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 143‐667) in 2004 and 386 (95% CI = 216‐787) in 2005. Catch curve analysis yielded annual mortality rates of 17.3% in 2004 and 21.3% in 2005. Genetic analysis showed that the Altamaha River population is distinct from neighboring populations in the Ogeechee and Savannah rivers. The results of this study suggest that after 10 years of federal protection, the Altamaha River population of Atlantic sturgeon appears to be in the early stages of recovery; however, the genetic diversity of the population is surprisingly low. Future studies are needed to monitor population dynamics and genetic structure of the stock to ensure complete recovery.
Tissue‐Specific Sampling for the Estimation of Striped Bass Whole‐Body Proximate Composition
Authors: Jacobs John M. , Rhodes Matt R. , Martin Brandon , McIntosh Dennis , Van Heukelem William F. , Harrell Reginal M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe need for precise estimates of chemical components of fish is common among the fields of aquaculture, fish health, and bioenergetics in fisheries management. Proximate composition is a widely used tool for obtaining this level of information but is time consuming and requires homogenization of the entire fish, limiting the ability to obtain additional information from the same individual. Exploratory chemical component analysis of differing body regions of age‐1 (215‐290‐mm) striped bass Morone saxatilis suggests that the abdominal wall (belly flap) is an appropriate surrogate for estimating whole‐body proximate composition. Belly flaps showed strong linear relationships with total lipid composition (R2 = 0.91) and moisture (R2 = 0.82) but were more variable with respect to protein (R2 = 0.22) and ash (R2 = 0.26). Equations derived from these linear relationships allowed for accurate estimation of total‐body energy, water, lipid, dry mass, fat‐free dry mass, and protein (R2 > 0.89). Strong linear relationships were also found for belly flap lipid and moisture and the same components measured in fillets (lipid: R2 = 0.82; moisture: R2 = 0.73). We conclude that sampling an otherwise unused portion of the fish can provide precise chemical compositional information without sacrificing product and can allow for additional information to be obtained from the same organism.
Enhancing the ecological risk assessment process
Authors: Dale Virginia H , Biddinger Gregory R , Newman Michael C , Oris James T , Suter Glenn W , Thompson Timothy , Armitage Thomas M , Meyer Judith L , Allen-King Richelle M , Burton G Allen , Chapman Peter M , Conquest Loveday L , Fernandez Ivan J , Landis Wayne G , Master Lawrence L , Mitsch William J , Mueller Thomas C , Rabeni Charles F , Rodewald Amanda D , Sanders James G , van Heerden Ivor L 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The Ecological Processes and Effects Committee of the US Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board conducted a self-initiated study and convened a public workshop to characterize the state of the ecological risk assessment (ERA), with a view toward advancing the science and application of the process. That survey and analysis of ERA in decision making shows that such assessments have been most effective when clear management goals were included in the problem formulation; translated into information needs; and developed in collaboration with decision makers, assessors, scientists, and stakeholders. This process is best facilitated when risk managers, risk assessors, and stakeholders are engaged in an ongoing dialogue about problem formulation. Identification and acknowledgment of uncertainties that have the potential to profoundly affect the results and outcome of risk assessments also improves assessment effectiveness. Thus we suggest 1) thorough peer review of ERAs be conducted at the problem formulation stage and 2) the predictive power of risk-based decision making be expanded to reduce uncertainties through analytical and methodological approaches like life cycle analysis. Risk assessment and monitoring programs need better integration to reduce uncertainty and to evaluate risk management decision outcomes. Postdecision audit programs should be initiated to evaluate the environmental outcomes of risk-based decisions. In addition, a process should be developed to demonstrate how monitoring data can be used to reduce uncertainties. Ecological risk assessments should include the effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors at multiple levels of biological organization and spatial scale, and the extent and resolution of the pertinent scales and levels of organization should be explicitly considered during problem formulation. An approach to interpreting lines of evidence and weight of evidence is critically needed for complex assessments, and it would be useful to develop case studies and/or standards of practice for interpreting lines of evidence. In addition, tools for cumulative risk assessment should be developed because contaminants are often released into stressed environments.
New Advances and a Historical Review of Insulated Steam Injection Tubing
Authors: Lombard Michael S. , Lee Roy , Manini Paolo , Slusher Mark S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
New high vacuum Gettering technology is being applied in today’s Insulated Steam Injection Tubing. After the 1973 oil embargo, the U.S. government funded a number of initiatives to develop equipment and technology that might lead to additional worldwide heavy and unconventional oil resources. "Deep Steam", one of these projects, was funded to develop new technology could be applied heavy oil resources. Two approaches were taken; develop a downhole steam generator, and second, to develop new and improved thermally efficient Insulated Steam Injection Tubing.
Insulated Tubing, developed originally to address environmental concerns associated with permafrost regions on Alaska’s North Slope, has evolved and been adapted for use in heavy oil fields around the world to reduce heat losses in steam injection wells, improve economics, and improve efficiency of heavy oil recovery.
This paper describes the evolution of Insulated Steam Injection Tubing: Reasons for using, new advances in High Vacuum Insulation technology, design requirements, review of field test results from past technical papers, and future work to improve the product, technology, and operating life.
Assessing the sensitivity and suitability of a range of detectors for SIMT PSQA
Authors: Dunn Leon , Tamborriello Alessia , Subramanian Brindha , Xu Xiaolei , Ruruku Tyrone Te 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeSingle‐isocenter multi‐target intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy (SIMT) is an effective treatment for brain metastases with complex treatment plans and delivery optimization necessitating rigorous quality assurance. This work aims to assess five methods for quality assurance of SIMT treatment plans in terms of their suitability and sensitivity to delivery errors.MethodsSun Nuclear ArcCHECK and SRS MapCHECK, GafChromic EBT Radiochromic Film, machine log files, and Varian Portal Dosimetry were all used to measure 15 variations of a single SIMT plan. Variations of the original plan were created with Python. They comprised various degrees of systematic MLC offsets per leaf up to 2 mm, random per‐leaf variations with differing minimum and maximum magnitudes, simulated collimator, and dose miscalibrations (MU scaling). The erroneous plans were re‐imported into Eclipse and plan‐quality degradation was assessed by comparing each plan variation to the original clinical plan in terms of the percentage of clinical goals passing relative to the original plan. Each erroneous plan could be then ranked by the plan‐quality degradation percentage following recalculation in the TPS so that the effects of each variation could be correlated with γ pass rates and detector suitability.Results & conclusionsIt was found that 2%/1 mm is a good starting point for the ArcCHECK, Portal Dosimetry, and the SRS MapCHECK methods, respectively, and provides clinically relevant error detection sensitivity. Looser dose criteria of 5%/1 mm or 5%/1.5 mm are suitable for film dosimetry and log‐file‐based methods. The statistical methods explored can be expanded to other areas of patient‐specific QA and detector assessment.
Artificial Intelligence‐Guided Gut‐Microenvironment‐Triggered Imaging Sensor Reveals Potential Indicators of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Li Yiwei , Ren Hong‐Xia , Chi Chong‐Yung , Miao Yang‐Bao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe gut‐brain axis has recently emerged as a crucial link in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Dysregulation of the gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease, sparking growing interest in the quest for non‐invasive biomarkers derived from the gut for early PD diagnosis. Herein, an artificial intelligence‐guided gut‐microenvironment‐triggered imaging sensor (Eu‐MOF@Au‐Aptmer) to achieve non‐invasive, accurate screening for various stages of PD is presented. The sensor works by analyzing α‐Syn in the gut using deep learning algorithms. By monitoring changes in α‐Syn, the sensor can predict the onset of PD with high accuracy. This work has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of PD by allowing for early intervention and personalized treatment plans. Moreover, it exemplifies the promising prospects of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced sensors in the monitoring and prediction of a broad spectrum of diseases and health conditions.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: Evaluation, management, and prevention of cow's milk allergy
Authors: Ulicny Kennon , Orr Mary 
Published: April 2024

GUIDELINE TITLE: An ESPGHAN position paper on the diagnosis, management and prevention of cow's milk allergyRELEASE DATE: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, July 26, 2023PRIOR VERSION: 2012DEVELOPER: ESPGHAN (European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition), NASPGHAN (North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition)FUNDING SOURCE: ESPGHANTARGET POPULATION: Infants and young children with suspected cow's milk allergy
A novel 3D metal printing in‐line bandpass filter with multiple controllable transmission zeros
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Da Ni , Rao Jia Yu , Xie Xin , He Jun Wei , Aliqab Khaled 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a novel three‐pole bandpass filter with a pair of controllable transmission zeros (TZs) is proposed first. The proposed structure is based on asymmetric dual‐postresonators and two external resonators. The fundamental mode and the first higher mode of the asymmetric dual‐postresonators are used as the nonresonant mode and the resonant mode separately. The nonresonant mode generates direct source to load negative coupling, thus providing one TZ located below the passband. The asymmetric dual‐postresonators and one of the external resonators R3 form a magnetically coupled cascaded triplet unit to produce the other TZ above the passband. Therefore, these two TZs are independently controlled. Moreover, the filter has a good quality factor (), of around 2700, compact size and an excellent out‐of‐band performance. For further suppressing the harmonic response and improving the processing accuracy, a six‐pole bandpass filter with harmonic suppression is designed and fabricated by using metal 3D printing technology. The measured result matches well with the simulated one, which verifies the accuracy of the method.
Ergonomic Assessment of Septorhinoplasty Maneuvers During Simulated Pregnancy
Authors: Bhethanabotla Rohith M. , Ledgister Kaye , Soriano Ian S. , O'Sullivan Patricia , Bigelow Elaine , Knott Philip Daniel , Park Andrea M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveWomen represent an increasing proportion of the otolaryngology workforce. Work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are a little‐studied yet important impediment to career completion. Scant attention has been directed to study the impact of pregnancy on surgeon posture and ergonomics. We piloted the use of a pregnancy simulation suit (Empathy Belly) to assess the risk of ergonomic compromise when performing open septorhinoplasty.Study DesignSurgical simulation.SettingSingle session, training simulation lab at academic medical center.MethodsMedical students and surgical residents performed the initial steps of a rhinoplasty procedure without and with a pregnancy simulation suit and were filmed with an artificial intelligence‐based video analysis app from Kinetica Labs that calculates joint angles and categorizes the ergonomic risk factors. Still images from videos were taken and analyzed using validated posture‐based analysis rubrics. Participants were asked to complete a qualitative questionnaire after the session.ResultsTwelve medical students and surgical residents participated in the study. Posture‐based analysis indicated increased ergonomics risk factors among trainees when performing a rhinoplasty while wearing the pregnancy suit. Video analysis indicated trends of worsening back angle and shoulder postures. Trainees reported experiencing pain in the neck, suprapubic area, and lower back. They acknowledged the importance of ergonomics in otolaryngology and desired further education about workplace injury risk mitigation.ConclusionPregnancy impacts the ergonomics of performing septorhinoplasty and further investigation is required into interventions to reduce risk of WRMSDs.
Application of Taguchi design method to formulate sizing agents enhancing basalt fiber tensile strength and adhesion to thermoplastic polymers
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Liu Jianxun , Chen Xingfen , Kang Sufang , Wu Zhishen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBasalt fiber (BF)‐reinforced thermoplastic polymers (TPs) show great potential by leveraging their recyclability. Sizing agents are crucial in optimizing BF quality and aiding polymer impregnation during production. However, the absence of established guidelines for sizing agents tailored to thermoplastic BFs persists. This study investigates the effects of sizing agent ingredients on the mechanical and surface properties of BFs under industrial conditions. The Taguchi method was used to formulate nine BF sizing agents, predominantly incorporating polypropylene (PP) emulsion, epoxy or polyurethane emulsion, silane coupling agents (SCAs), and additives. Our investigation extends to evaluating the tensile strength, surface roughness, and wetting characteristics of individual BFs. Results indicate that a heightened PP concentration enhances BF adhesion to TPs but concurrently reduces BF tensile strength. Furthermore, using SCA, specifically dodecyltrimethoxysilane, leads to a remarkable enhancement of approximately 20% in BF tensile strength and an impressive 40% in BF adhesion to TPs. This study unravels sizing agent intricacies, illuminating their nuanced interplay with the work of adhesion rooted in fiber and polymer surface energy. Our work offers innovative solutions to optimize BF‐reinforced thermoplastic polymers.Highlights
Investigating thermoplastic sizing agent formulations for basalt fibers (BFs)
Guiding formulation of BF sizing agents with the Taguchi Method.
Predicting contact angles between BFs and commonly used thermoplastic polymers.
PP emulsions favor BF‐thermoplastic polymer adhesion but not BF tensile strength.
A core of cell wall proteins functions in wall integrity responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ajayi Oyeyemi , Zelinsky Ellen , Anderson Charles T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCell walls surround all plant cells, and their composition and structure are tightly regulated to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis. In response to wall damage, the cell wall integrity (CWI) system is engaged to ameliorate effects on plant growth. Despite the central role CWI plays in plant development, our current understanding of how this system functions at the molecular level is limited. Here, we investigated the transcriptomes of etiolated seedlings of mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with defects in three major wall polysaccharides, pectin (quasimodo2), cellulose (cellulose synthase3je5), and xyloglucan (xyloglucan xylosyltransferase1 and 2), to probe whether changes in the expression of cell wall‐related genes occur and are similar or different when specific wall components are reduced or missing. Many changes occurred in the transcriptomes of pectin‐ and cellulose‐deficient plants, but fewer changes occurred in the transcriptomes of xyloglucan‐deficient plants. We hypothesize that this might be because pectins interact with other wall components and/or integrity sensors, whereas cellulose forms a major load‐bearing component of the wall; defects in either appear to trigger the expression of structural proteins to maintain wall cohesion in the absence of a major polysaccharide. This core set of genes functioning in CWI in plants represents an attractive target for future genetic engineering of robust and resilient cell walls.