bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Role of Cognitive Function in the Association between Grip Strength and Depression among Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Xinzheng , Yi Guohao , Wu Lifei , Zhou Huifen , He Jiandong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study investigates the associations and mediating pathways between grip strength, cognitive function, and depression in middle-aged and elderly individuals in China.
Methods
Utilizing data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we employed logistic regression and mediation analysis to examine the relationships and mediating factors between grip strength, cognitive function, and depression, while adjusting for potential confounders.
Results
The study included 6,841 participants, of whom 1,734 (25.35%) exhibited symptoms of depression. Our findings indicate that weak grip strength is significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.32–1.87) among the middle-aged and elderly population. Conversely, good cognitive function was found to be protective against depression (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.93–0.95). The analysis revealed that grip strength indirectly affects depression through cognitive function, accounting for 9.4% of the total effect (OR: −0.008, 95% CI: -0.013, − 0.004). Specifically, cognitive abilities such as calculation, memory, and orientation were identified as significant mediators in the relationship between grip strength and depression.
Conclusion
This study highlights that adequate cognitive function can mitigate the association between weak grip strength and an increased risk of depression among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. These insights provide valuable guidance for clinical practitioners in the diagnosis and management of depression, emphasizing the importance of assessing grip strength and cognitive function.
Decomposing the Caste Gap in Food Insecurity among the Older Adults in India: Evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017-18.
Authors: Nandi Shreyantika , Barman Manabindra , Nandi Digantika 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Older adults from socially disadvantaged backgrounds remain most vulnerable to face threats to meet basic requirements and adverse health outcomes. India is a country of socio-cultural and regional differences. Caste is one of the crucial social determinants affecting the phenomena of food insecurity leading to several disadvantages regarding an individual’s physical, social, and emotional conditions. The present study examined the caste differential in food insecurity between the non-SC/ST and SC/ST groups.
Methods
The present study utilizes data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI-Wave-I), a nationally representative survey of 73,396 older adults aged 45 and above conducted in 2017–18. The final analytical sample is 62,369 older adults aged 45 & above. Descriptive statistics was conducted to assess sample characteristics. Linear regression was performed to show the association between caste and food insecurity. Finally, blinder Oaxaca decomposition was carried out to show the caste gap in food insecurity and the factors contributing to the gap.
Results
The result showed that older adults from the SC/ST group are more likely to have higher food insecurity than those from the Non-SC/ST group [Coef: 1.04; CI: 1.03, 1.06]. The model shows that 45.55% explained the caste gap between non-SC/ST and SC/ST in food insecurity among older adults. The model reveals that education (13.37%), MPCE_Quintile (9.13%), place of residence (10.98%), country region (8.37%), living arrangement satisfaction (7.72%), subjective social position (6.52%) was contributing in widening the caste gap in food insecurity while factors like self-rated health (-1.2%), health behaviour (-4.13%), facing discrimination (-2.39%), and depression (-5.33%) were found responsible for narrowing the gap between the two groups in food insecurity.
Conclusion
The SC/ST population faces several challenges when it comes to accessing and utilizing opportunities even some basic requirements like secure food. Efforts have been made for their upliftment, though certain gaps are still there for policymakers to address for further betterment. The study shows factors widening and narrowing the caste gap, and these areas should be addressed and worked on to improve the scenario.
The missing link: ARID1B non-truncating variants causing Coffin-Siris syndrome due to protein aggregation
Authors: Bosch Elisabeth , Güse Esther , Kirchner Philipp , Winterpacht Andreas , Walther Mona , Alders Marielle , Kerkhof Jennifer , Ekici Arif B. , Sticht Heinrich , Sadikovic Bekim , Reis André , Vasileiou Georgia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

ARID1B is the most frequently mutated gene in Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS). To date, the vast majority of causative variants reported in ARID1B are truncating, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. In the absence of experimental data, only few ARID1B amino acid substitutions have been classified as pathogenic, mainly based on clinical data and their de novo occurrence, while most others are currently interpreted as variants of unknown significance. The present study substantiates the pathogenesis of ARID1B non-truncating/NMD-escaping variants located in the SMARCA4-interacting EHD2 and DNA-binding ARID domains. Overexpression assays in cell lines revealed that the majority of EHD2 variants lead to protein misfolding and formation of cytoplasmic aggresomes surrounded by vimentin cage-like structures and co-localizing with the microtubule organisation center. ARID domain variants exhibited not only aggresomes, but also nuclear aggregates, demonstrating robust pathological effects. Protein levels were not compromised, as shown by quantitative western blot analysis. In silico structural analysis predicted the exposure of amylogenic segments in both domains due to the nearby variants, likely causing this aggregation. Genome-wide transcriptome and methylation analysis in affected individuals revealed expression and methylome patterns consistent with those of the pathogenic haploinsufficiency ARID1B alterations in CSS cases. These results further support pathogenicity and indicate two approaches for disambiguation of such variants in everyday practice. The few affected individuals harbouring EHD2 non-truncating variants described to date exhibit mild CSS clinical traits. In summary, this study paves the way for the re-evaluation of previously unclear ARID1B non-truncating variants and opens a new era in CSS genetic diagnosis.
The Thief Orienteering Problem on Series-Parallel Graphs
Authors: Bloch-Hansen Andrew , Solis-Oba Roberto 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In the thief orienteering problem an agent called athiefcarries a knapsack of capacity $W$ and has a time limit $T$ to collect a set of items of total weight at most $W$ and maximum profit along a simple path in a weighted graph $G = (V, E)$ from a start vertex $s$ to an end vertex $t$. There is a set $I$ of items each with weight $w_{i}$ and profit $p_{i}$ that are distributed among $V \setminus \{s,t\}$. The time needed by the thief to travel an edge depends on the length of the edge and the weight of the items in the knapsack at the moment when the edge is traversed.There is a polynomial-time approximation scheme for the thief orienteering problem on directed acyclic graphs. We give a polynomial-time algorithm for transforming instances of the problem on series-parallel graphs into equivalent instances of the thief orienteering problem on directed acyclic graphs; therefore, yielding a polynomial-time approximation scheme for the thief orienteering problem on this graph class.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Different Organs of Poultry and Hypothetical Risk Analysis: Evidence from Experimental Feeding with Assorted Metal Feed
Authors: Morshed A. J. M. , Islam Md. Samrat Mohay Menul , Hossain A. H. Rashadul , Chakraborty Dipankar , Chowdhury Tasmina Afroz , Roy Banani , Das Suman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The study evaluated the growth performance of experimental chickens and concentration of heavy metals accumulated in their various organs such as muscle, bone, liver, kidney and lung. Eight groups of chickens C0 to C7 were fed diets containing Pb, Cr and Cd in different amounts and concentrations. Pb and Cd were absent in the feed given to C0 group chickens. But in 7 experimental groups C1 to C7 the range of each metal was found between 0.72 ± 0.20 to 46.14 ± 21.20 mgkg-1. Cr was measured at 0.88 ± 0.47mgkg-1 in group C0 whereas the concentration range of this metal in C1 and C7 was (1.77 ± 0.91–45.90 ± 20.08) mgkg-1. Cd concentrations ranged from 0.90 ± 0.53 mgkg-1 to 40.46 ± 12.25mgkg-1 in groups C1 to C7. No consistent variation in chicken feed intake rate was observed with increasing concentration of HMs. At the end of experiment, it was observed that the growth performance of chickens decreased from group C0 to C7. The study showed that feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased gradually from group C0 to C7. Bone has the highest concentrations of Pb and Cd compared to other organs. However, the highest amount of Cr was found in the liver. Heavy metal concentrations were progressively increased in all groups by increasing concentrations of the same metal in feed. Nevertheless, in histological section, other organs than brain such as liver, kidney, intestine, skin and lung were more or less affected by heavy metal consumption. Hypothetical health risk analysis suggested that THQ and TR values were increasing with increasing HM concentration.
Dynamic Changes in Neuron-specific Enolase Level to Glasgow Coma Scale Score Ratio Predict Long-term Neurological Function of Diffuse Axonal Injury Patients
Authors: Chen Weiliang , Wu Jiayi , Li Shengwen , Yao Chunyu , Chen Rui , Su Wen , Wang Guanjun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) are often plagued by sequelae, and the current indicators for predicting long-term neurological function are not accurate enough. Our previous studies have found that serum Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level to Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ratio(NGR) at admission could be used as an independent predictor of DAI. Objective To explore the accuracy of dynamic changes of NGR in predicting long-term neurological function in patients with DAI. Methods Patients with DAI were included based on clinical MRI as the diagnostic standard, and divided into two groups with favorable and unfavorable outcome according to the 6-month Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) as the prognosis indicator. The differences in clinical parameters between the two groups of patients were compared by Pearson correlation analysis. The trend of dynamic changes in NSE, GCS, and NGR at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days after injury were shown by line graphs. The predictive efficacy of various parameters for long-term neurological function were further analyzed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Among the 102 DAI patients, 75 (73.5%) were classified to favorable outcome group (GOSE5-8) and 27 (26.5%) to unfavorable outcome (GOSE1-4). The NSE, NGR and Marshall CT grade at the first day after injury in the favorable outcome group were significantly lower than those in the unfavorable outcome group (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, p = 0.002), but the GCS score was significantly higher than that of the latter (p = 0.006). There was a negative correlation between NGR at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th days post-TBI (r1=-0.557, r3=-0.746, r5=-0.761, r7=-0.727, r14=-0.694), and the 6-month GOSE. DAI patients with a favorable outcome exhibited a gradual decline in NGR. The area under the ROC curves (AUC) of NGR at 1st, 3rd and 5th days post-TBI were 0.751 (95% CI, 0.646–0.856, p < 0.001), 0.913 (95% CI, 0.859–0.967, p < 0.001), 0.934 (95% CI, 0.886–0.982, p < 0.001), which were the largest among the three parameters. Conclusions The dynamic changes of NGR may be an accurate predictor of long-term neurological function in patients with DAI. Trial Registration Trial Registration Number ChiCTR2100044352, registration date was March 17, 2021.
Promoting safe and equitable police-youth interactions: Recommendations from young people and policing personnel
Authors: Fix Rebecca L , Jackson Dylan B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Given the frequency of harmful interactions between policing personnel and young people, especially Black young people, there is a need for policing personnel to learn how to promote safe and equitable interactions with young people. We conducted individual interviews with 35 Black YP (15-22 years) and focus group discussions with 50 police representing multiple ranks/roles. Results indicated that both young people and policing personnel view four policing practices as essential: respect, communication skills, empathy/understanding, and engaging young people in non-enforcement contexts. Young people wanted less use of force, more cultural sensitivity and anti-racism, and recognition of youth positive behavior. Some felt nothing could remediate youth-police ruptures. And police noted the importance of having a positive mindset in general and using developmentally appropriate language with young people. Though both groups had reservations overall, both envisioned a future where they could interact more positively. If these two diverse groups can see room for growth and possibility, we should support efforts to achieve safe and equitable relations between young people and policing personnel.
The context of urban immunization services: The case of Sodo town, Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia
Authors: Adane Haile Bekele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction:
The world continued to be urbanized with approximately 55% of the world's population and it is expected to increase to 68 per cent by 2050. Urban areas generally have better healthcare resources and higher immunization coverage compared to rural one. However, the challenge of zero doses and under-immunization exist in urban. These variation within urban communities exist due to factors such as population mobility, socio-economic and demographic disparities, and vaccine hesitancy. Therefore, this study tried to assess factors that enhance or affect the delivery of immunization services in Wolaita Sodo town.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 children aged 0–35 months. Participants were selected using simple random sampling method through a multi-stage approach. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire using ODK (Open Data Kit) mobile app. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 25 (SPSS). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.
Results
Fully vaccinated and vaccinated for their age as per the national schedule were 56.7% and 29.4%, respectively. And, 7.8% experienced vaccination dropouts and 6.1% of children were never vaccinated. Significant associations were found between the completion of child immunization schedules and factors such as Antenatal Care follow-up AOR = 0.082 with 95% CI (0.009–0.777), facility delivery AOR = 0.18 with 95% CI (0.046–0.703), Community Health Insurance enrollemen OR = 34 with 95% CI (0.125–0.923), and health service access AOR = 0.11 with 95 CI (0.04–0.32).
Conclusion
Children aged 0–35 months who properly attended their immunization schedule fell below the required optimum level of 95%. Efforts should be made to strengthen vaccination delivery points, promote ANC follow-up and facility deliveries, and enhance the enrollment of the CBHI scheme to improve immunization services in Sodo town.
Tea Grading Counting Recognition Model Based on YOLOv8n-SSMC
Authors: Xia Yuxin , Wang Zejun , Cao Zhiyong , Chen Yaping , Li Limei , Chen Lijiao , Zhang Shihao , Li Hongxu , Wang Chun , Wang Baijuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In order to solve the problems of dense distribution, limited feature extraction ability, and false detection in the field of tea grading recognition, a YOLOv8n-SSMC tea grading and counting recognition model was proposed in this study. Firstly, the SPD-Conv module was embedded into the backbone of the network model to enhance the deep feature extraction ability of the target. Secondly, the Super-Token Vision Transformer was integrated to reduce the attention of the model to redundant information, thus improving the perception ability of tea. Subsequently, the positioning loss function was improved to MPDIoU, which accelerated the convergence speed of the model, optimized the performance of the model. Finally, the classification positioning counting function was added to achieve the purpose of classification counting. The experimental results showed that the precision, recall and average precision improved by 17.6%, 19.3%, and 18.7% respectively. The average precision of single bud, one bud and one leaf, and one bud and two leaves were 88.5%, 89.5% and 89.1% respectively. In this study, the YOLOv8n-SSMC recognition model demonstrated strong robustness and proved suitable for tea grading edge picking equipment, laying a solid foundation for the realization of mechanized tea industry.
Salvia reflexa-contaminated hay poisoning in cattle
Authors: Stonecipher Clinton A. , Gardner Dale R. , Webb Brett T. , Laegreid Will , Welch Kevin D. , Stegelmeier Bryan > , Cook Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Salvia reflexa is an annual forb that has recently (2021) been reported to contaminate hay and cause fatal hepatotoxicity in cattle. It is possible that prior poisoning cases may have gone unrecognized due to the lack of information on fatal hepatotoxicity caused by S. reflexa. Two cases are reported. Case 1 occurred in December 2001 in Montana, in which 30 cows died out of 105. Case 2 occurred in 2023 in Wyoming, in which 111 cows out of 155 died. Poisoned cows in both cases had elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities with microscopic severe acute centrilobular necrosis with hemorrhage. These lesions were similar to those described previously in clinical and experimental S. reflexa trials. Hepatotoxic diterpenes of S. reflexa, salviarin and rhyacophiline, were detected in hay samples in both cases and in rumen contents from animals in Case 2. Plant specimens of S. reflexa were collected from 2 herbaria, representing collections from 12 states, and screened for salviarin and rhyacophiline. The S. reflexa toxins were found in herbarium samples suggesting if S. reflexa is present, it is potentially toxic to cattle.
Comparative analysis of tracer studies in the determination of longitudinal dispersion coefficient
Authors: Ukpaka Chinedu , Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe research presented in this paper is to determine the best tracer studies that will give acceptable estimates of longitudinal dispersion coefficient for Orashi river using rhodamine WT dye and sodium chloride as water tracer. Estimated results obtained for longitudinal dispersion coefficient for the case of rhodamine WT experiment ranges between 71 and 104.4 m2s−1 while that of sodium chloride experiment ranges between 20.1 and 34.71 m2s−1. These results revealed lower dispersion coefficient using sodium chloride as water tracer (WT) indicating that for larger rivers, sodium chloride should not be used as water tracer. The usage of sodium chloride as water tracer in the estimation of longitudinal dispersion coefficient is recommended in smaller streams as NaCl is relatively conservative. The established equations for both cases of investigation are proving satisfactory upon validation as degree of accuracy of 100.0% was obtained using discrepancy ratio (Dr). Standard error (SE), normal mean error (NME) and mean multiplication error (MME) of the developed equations is better when compared with other existing equations. However, Equation ( 17) is satisfactorily recommended.
Influence of Physical Attractiveness and Gender on Patient Preferences in Digital Doctor Consultations: Experimental Study
Authors: Wei Xia , Yu Shubin , Li Changxu (Victor) 
Published: April 2024

Background
The rise of digital health services, particularly digital doctor consultations, has created a new paradigm in health care choice. While patients traditionally rely on digital reviews or referrals to select health care providers, the digital context often lacks such information, leading to reliance on visual cues such as profile pictures. Previous research has explored the impact of physical attractiveness in general service settings but is scant in the context of digital health care.

Objective
This study aims to fill the research gap by investigating how a health care provider’s physical attractiveness influences patient preferences in a digital consultation setting. We also examine the moderating effects of disease severity and the availability of information on health care providers’ qualifications. The study uses signal theory and the sexual attribution bias framework to understand these dynamics.

Methods
Three experimental studies were conducted to examine the influence of health care providers’ physical attractiveness and gender on patient preferences in digital consultations. Study 1 (n=282) used a 2×2 between-subjects factorial design, manipulating doctor attractiveness and gender. Study 2 (n=158) focused on women doctors and manipulated disease severity and participant gender. Study 3 (n=150) replicated study 2 but added information about the providers’ abilities.

Results
This research found that patients tend to choose attractive doctors of the opposite gender but are less likely to choose attractive doctors of the same gender. In addition, our studies revealed that such an effect is more prominent when the disease severity is high. Furthermore, the influence of gender stereotypes is mitigated in both the high and low disease severity conditions when service providers’ qualification information is present.

Conclusions
This research contributes to the literature on medical information systems research and sheds light on what information should be displayed on digital doctor consultation platforms. To counteract stereotype-based attractiveness biases, health care platforms should consider providing comprehensive qualification information alongside profile pictures.