bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group C MAP kinases phosphorylate MBD10 to regulate ABA‐induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Yangdan , Kamiyama Yoshiaki , Minegishi Fuko , Tamura Yuki , Yamashita Kota , Katagiri Sotaro , Takase Hinano , Otani Masahiko , Tojo Ryo , Rupp Gabrielle E. , Suzuki Takamasa , Kawakami Naoto , Peck Scott C. , Umezawa Taishi 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYAbscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that promotes leaf senescence in response to environmental stress. We previously identified methyl CpG‐binding domain 10 (MBD10) as a phosphoprotein that becomes differentially phosphorylated after ABA treatment in Arabidopsis. ABA‐induced leaf senescence was delayed in mbd10 knockout plants but accelerated in MBD10‐overexpressing plants, suggesting that MBD10 positively regulates ABA‐induced leaf senescence. ABA‐induced phosphorylation of MBD10 occurs in planta on Thr‐89, and our results demonstrated that Thr‐89 phosphorylation is essential for MBD10's function in leaf senescence. The in vivo phosphorylation of Thr‐89 in MBD10 was significantly downregulated in a quadruple mutant of group C MAPKs (mpk1/2/7/14), and group C MAPKs directly phosphorylated MBD10 in vitro. Furthermore, mpk1/2/7/14 showed a similar phenotype as seen in mbd10 for ABA‐induced leaf senescence, suggesting that group C MAPKs are the cognate kinases of MBD10 for Thr‐89. Because group C MAPKs have been reported to function downstream of SnRK2s, our results indicate that group C MAPKs and MBD10 constitute a regulatory pathway for ABA‐induced leaf senescence.
Weak approximation of symmetric products and norm varieties
Authors: Chen Sheng , Zhang Ziyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLet be a number field. For a variety over that satisfies weak approximation with Brauer–Manin obstruction, we study the same property for smooth projective models of its symmetric products. Based on the same method, we also explore the property of weak approximation with Brauer–Manin obstruction for norm varieties.
Mitochondrial transplantation combined with coenzyme Q10 induces cardioprotection and mitochondrial improvement in aged male rats with reperfusion injury
Authors: Bafadam Soleyman , Mokhtari Behnaz , Vafaee Manoucheher Seyedi , Oscuyi Zohreh Zavvari , Nemati Samira , Badalzadeh Reza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIschaemic heart diseases (IHD) are among the major causes of mortality in the elderly population. Although timely reperfusion is a common treatment for IHD, it causes additional damage to the ischaemic myocardium known as ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. Considering the importance of preventing reperfusion injuries, we aimed to examine the combination effect of mitochondrial transplantation (MT) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in myocardial IR injury of aged male rats. Seventy‐two aged male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham, IR, CoQ10, MT, combination therapy (MT + CoQ10) and vehicle. Myocardial IR injury was established by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reopening. Young male Wistar rats were used as mitochondria donors. Isolated mitochondria were injected intraventricularly (500 µL of a respiration buffer containing 6 × 106 ± 5 × 105 mitochondria/mL) in MT‐receiving groups at the onset of reperfusion. CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally for 2 weeks before IR induction. Twenty‐four hours after reperfusion, haemodynamic parameters, myocardial infarct size (IS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and cardiac mitochondrial function (mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and membrane potential) were measured. The combination of MT and CoQ10 improved haemodynamic index changes and reduced IS and LDH release (P < 0.05). It also decreased mitochondrial ROS generation and increased membrane potential (P < 0.05). CoQ10 also showed a significant cardioprotective effect. Combination therapy displayed greater cardioprotective effects than single treatments. This study revealed that MT and CoQ10 combination treatment can be considered as a promising cardioprotective strategy to reduce myocardial IR injury in ageing, in part by restoring mitochondrial function.
Patient-Specific Three-Dimensional-Printed and Bolus Material-Based Localization Grids for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Interventional Procedures
Authors: Chu Vivien W. S. , Wong Wing Ki , Lee Louis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In view of the lack of commercially available localization grids for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided interventional procedures, two customizable and easily fabricable grids are proposed. The first one is a patient-specific three-dimensional-printed localization grid that incorporates MRI markers while the second one is a grid constructed with Superflex Transparent Bolus material. MRI scans were performed with the grids attached on an abdominal phantom. The patient-specific three-dimensional-printed grid is visible in T1-weighted, T2-weighted, proton density (PD) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery MR images, whereas the Superflex grid is visible only in T1-weighted and PD images. However, the Superflex grid offers the advantage of a simpler fabrication process and is more cost-effective. Both proposed localization grids can facilitate the determination of the optimal needle entry positions for MRI-guided interventional procedures, leading to reduced overall procedure time and improved efficiency.
Uncertainty Quantification for Multidimensional Correlated Flow Field Responses
Authors: Zhao Wei , Lv Luogeng , Zhao Jiao , Xiao Wei , Chen Jiangtao , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The inherent randomness of fluid dynamics problems or human cognitive limitations results in non-negligible uncertainties in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation, leading to doubts about the credibility of CFD results. Therefore, scientific and rigorous quantification of these uncertainties is crucial for assessing the reliability of CFD predictions and informed engineering decisions. Although mature uncertainty propagation methods have been developed for individual output quantities, the challenges lie in the multidimensional correlated flow field variables. This article proposes an advanced uncertainty propagation modeling approach based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and artificial neural networks (ANN). By projecting the multidimensional correlated responses onto an orthogonal basis function space, the dimensionality of output is significantly reduced, simplifying the subsequent model training process. An artificial neural network that maps the uncertain parameters of the CFD model to the coefficients of the basis functions are established. Due to the bidirectional representation of flow field variables and basis function coefficients through proper orthogonal decomposition, combined with artificial neural network modeling, rapid prediction of flow field variables under any model parameters is achieved. To effectively identify the most influential model parameters, we employ a multi-output global sensitivity analysis method based on covariance decomposition. Through two exemplary cases of NACA0012 airfoil and M6 wing, we demonstrate the accuracy and efficacy of our proposed approach in predicting multidimensional flow field variables under varying model coefficients. Large-scale random sampling is conducted to quantify the uncertainties and identify the key factors that significantly impact the overall flow field.
Loneliness and the risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rosenkilde Siri , Hoffmann Sofie Have , Thorsted Anne Bonde , Horsbøl Trine Allerslev , Madsen Katrine Rich , Lehn Sara Fokdal , Kofoed-Enevoldsen Allan , Iversen Peter Bindslev , Grønkjær Marie Stjerne , Thygesen Lau Caspar 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing globally. Recent research suggests that loneliness could be a potential risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the association between loneliness and type 2 diabetes and the modifying effect of mental disorders.Research design and methodsWe conducted a prospective study including 465 290 adults (aged ≥16 years) who participated in either the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey or the Danish National Health Survey between 2000 and 2017. Loneliness was based on self-report, while type 2 diabetes was measured using an algorithm combining several health registers including type 2 diabetes patients treated both within the hospital sector and general practice. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsDuring a mean follow-up time of 6.3 years, 13 771 individuals (3%) developed type 2 diabetes. Feeling lonely once in a while was associated with a 14% increased risk of type 2 diabetes (95% CI 1.09 to 1.20), while feeling lonely often was associated with a 24% increased risk (95% CI 1.14 to 1.34), independent of sociodemographic factors and body mass index. The association was stronger among individuals without a mental disorder (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.34 among those feeling lonely often) compared with those with a mental disorder (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.23).ConclusionsLoneliness independently increased the risk of type 2 diabetes. The effect was more pronounced in individuals without a mental disorder, as having a mental disorder itself likely increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing loneliness as a modifiable risk factor in preventing type 2 diabetes.
International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ho Man Yee , Worthington Everett L , Cowden Richard G , Bechara Andrea Ortega , Chen Zhuo Job , Gunatirin Elly Yuliandari , Joynt Shaun , Khalanskyi Viacheslav V , Korzhov Hennadii , Kurniati Ni Made Taganing , Rodriguez Nicole , Anastasiya Salnykova Anastasiya , Shtanko Liudmyla , Tymchenko Sergiy , Voytenko Vitaliy L , Zulkaida Anita , Mathur Maya B , VanderWeele Tyler J 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTo determine whether a brief self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention could alter forgiveness, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms.DesignA multisite randomised waitlist-controlled trial was conducted among 4598 participants. Recruitment occurred from 11 February 2020 to 30 September 2021. Final follow-up occurred on 25 October 2021.SettingParticipants were recruited from community-based samples in sites in Colombia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Africa, and Ukraine.ParticipantsIndividuals (n=7837) were screened for eligibility. For inclusion, participants needed to be ≥18 years and have experienced an interpersonal transgression. The analytic sample consisted of n=4598 participants, median age 26 and 73% female.InterventionsAt each site, participants were randomly assigned to either immediate receipt of a self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention, or to receipt after a 2 week delay.Main outcomes measuresThe primary outcomes were unforgiveness (Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18), depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory-18) measured at 2 weeks following intervention assignment.ResultsAt 2 weeks follow-up, unforgiveness was lower among the immediate-treatment group compared with the delayed-treatment group (standardised mean difference=−0.53 (95% CI=−0.58 to –0.47)); similar patterns were found for depression (standardised mean difference=−0.22 (95% CI=−0.28 to –0.16)) and anxiety symptoms (standardised mean difference=−0.21 (95% CI=−0.27 to –0.15)).ConclusionsA brief workbook intervention promoted forgiveness and reduced depression and anxiety symptoms. The promotion of forgiveness with such workbooks has the potential for widespread dissemination to improve global mental health.Trial registration numberNCT04257773.
Difficulties faced by physicians from four European countries in rebutting antivaccination arguments: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Holford Dawn , Schmid Philipp , Fasce Angelo , Garrison Amanda , Karlsson Linda , Taubert Frederike , Verger Pierre , Lewandowsky Stephan , Fisher Harriet , Betsch Cornelia , Rodrigues Fernanda , Soveri Anna 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPhysicians play a critical role in encouraging their patients to get vaccinated, in part by responding to patients’ concerns about vaccines. It is, therefore, important to understand what difficulties physicians have in dealing with different concerns they may encounter. The aim of this article was to determine physicians’ perceptions of difficulties in rebutting different antivaccination arguments from patients using data collected as part of a cross-sectional, cross-national questionnaire on physicians’ vaccine attitudes and behaviours.MethodsPhysicians in 4 European countries (Finland, Germany, France and Portugal, total n=2718) rated 33 different arguments, chosen to represent 11 different psychological motivations underlying vaccine hesitancy, in terms of their perceptions of how difficult each argument would be to rebut.ResultsAcross all countries, physicians perceived arguments based on religious concerns and ‘reactance’ (ie, resistance to perceived curbs of freedom) to be the most difficult to rebut, whereas arguments based on patients’ distorted perception of the risks of disease and vaccines were perceived to be the easiest. There were also between-country differences in the level of perceived difficulty of argument rebuttal. Physicians’ perceived difficulty with rebutting arguments was significantly negatively correlated with their vaccine recommendation behaviours and their preparedness for vaccination discussions.ConclusionsPhysicians may feel better equipped to counter arguments that can be rebutted with facts and evidence but may struggle to respond when arguments are motivated by psychological dispositions or values.
Holistic health and social care outreach for people experiencing homelessness with recent non-fatal overdose in Glasgow, Scotland: the Pharmacist and third sector Homeless charity worker Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescriber Rx (PHOENIx) pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lowrie Richard , McPherson Andrew , Mair Frances S , Stock Kate , Maguire Donogh , Paudyal Vibhu , Duncan Clare , Blair Rebecca , Lombard Cian , Ross Steven , Hughes Fiona , Moir Jane , Scott Ailsa , Reilly Frank , Sills Laura , Hislop Jennifer , Wishart Stephen , Brannan David , Robertson James Roy , Ramage Rebekah , Boyle Alison , Greenlaw Nicola , Williamson Andrea E 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTo examine randomised controlled trial (RCT) progression criteria including emergency department (ED) attendance and non-fatal overdose, from a holistic, integrated health and social care outreach intervention (PHOENIx), for people experiencing homelessness with recent non-fatal street drug overdose.DesignPilot RCT. 1:1 randomisation to PHOENIx plus usual care (UC) or UC.SettingGlasgow, Scotland.Participants128 adults experiencing homelessness with at least one non-fatal street drug overdose in the preceding 6 months.InterventionsPharmacists from the National Health Service and third sector homelessness workers offered weekly outreach. PHOENIx teams develop therapeutic relationships to address health (physical health, mental health and problem drug use) and social care (housing, welfare benefits and social prescribing) in addition to UC. UC comprised building-based primary and secondary health, social and third sector services.OutcomesPrimary: progression criteria: recruitment (≥100 participants in 4 months); ≥80% of participants with data collected at baseline, 6 and 9 months; ≥60% of participants retained in the trial at each follow-up period (6 and 9 months); ≥60% of participants receiving the intervention weekly; any reduction in the rate of presentation to ED and overdoses, at 6- or 9-month follow-up. Secondary: participants with, and time to: hospitalisations; health-related quality of life (QoL); treatment uptake for physical and mental health conditions, and problematic drug use.ResultsProgression criteria were exceeded. In PHOENIx compared with UC, there appeared to be a delay in the median time to ED visit, overdose and hospitalisation but no improvement in number of participants with ED visits, overdoses or hospitalisations. QoL and treatment uptake appeared to be higher in PHOENIx versus UC at 6 and 9 months.ConclusionsA definitive RCT is merited, to assess the impact of PHOENIx on people with multiple, severe disadvantages.Trial registration numberISRCTN10585019.
Sociodemographic disparities in awareness of chronic conditions: an observational study among older persons in rural north-east of South Africa
Authors: Ohene-Kwofie Daniel , Riumallo-Herl Carlos , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic diseases is high among the older population. Awareness of these conditions is a crucial prerequisite to initiate treatment, control and prevent further complications. This study evaluates sociodemographic disparities in awareness of chronic diseases among people 40 years and over in rural South Africa.MethodsData from the baseline survey of the Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa were analysed to estimate the level of awareness of chronic conditions such as HIV, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia among the population 40+ years. We compare self-reported awareness with objective measurements and conduct logistic regressions to evaluate sociodemographic determinants of awareness of chronic conditions.ResultsWe find that 80% of individuals have at least one chronic condition—HIV, diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidaemia. Awareness rates were relatively high among those with at least one chronic condition but varied across conditions and genders: HIV (83% for women, 84% for men), hypertension (88% of women, 81% of men); diabetes (76% for women, 75% for men); dyslipidaemia (10% for both women and men). We observe differences across individual, household and community factors. Generally, women are more aware of their condition; awareness increases with age except for HIV; persons from high consumption per capita households, living with one or more persons and living closer to a health facility are more likely to be aware of their conditions.ConclusionsOlder adults in rural South Africa are generally aware of their chronic conditions, though there are important differences by age, gender and socioeconomic status. However, there is still a fraction unaware of their conditions and, therefore, lacking the necessary information to initiate treatment and implement behavioural changes to control them. Our findings may guide policy-makers directing the required efforts to promote targeted awareness campaigns by sociodemographic/socioeconomic subgroups.
Incidence and contributing factors of dementia among people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada, from 2002 to 2016: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shayegi-Nik Sara , Honer William G , Vila-Rodriguez Fidel , Nanditha Ni Gusti Ayu , Patterson Thomas L , Guillemi Silvia , Nathani Hasan , Trigg Jason , Yin Weijia , Fonseca Alejandra , T Takeh Bronhilda , Barrios Rolando , Montaner Julio S G , Lima Viviane D 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionDementia is a progressive and debilitating disease, and people living with HIV (PLWH) often develop dementia much earlier than those not living with HIV. We estimated the incidence and prevalence of dementia and identified its key risk factors in a cohort of PLWH in British Columbia, Canada.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the Seek and Treat for Optimal Prevention of HIV/AIDS study. Eligible individuals were diagnosed with HIV, ≥40 years of age, naïve to antiretroviral therapy (ART), had no dementia at the index date and were followed for ≥1 year during 2002–2016. Our main outcome was incident dementia. We examined the effect of sociodemographic and clinical covariates on the incidence of dementia using a cause-specific hazard (CSH) model, with all-cause mortality as a competing risk event.ResultsAmong 5121 eligible PLWH, 108 (2%) developed dementia. The crude 15-year prevalence of dementia was 2.1%, and the age–sex standardised incidence rate of dementia was 4.3 (95% CI: 4.2 to 4.4) per 1000 person-years. Among the adjusted covariates, CD4 cell count<50 cells/mm3(adjusted CSH (aCSH) 8.61, 95% CI: 4.75 to 15.60), uncontrolled viremia (aCSH 1.95, 95% CI: 1.20 to 3.17), 10-year increase in age (aCSH 2.41, 95% CI: 1.89 to 3.07), schizophrenia (aCSH 2.85, 95% CI: 1.69 to 4.80), traumatic brain injury (aCSH 2.43, 95% CI: 1.59 to 3.71), delirium (aCSH 2.27, 95% CI: 1.45 to 3.55), substance use disorder (SUD) (aCSH 1.94, 95% CI: 1.18 to 3.21) and mood/anxiety disorders (aCSH 1.80, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.86) were associated with an increased hazard for dementia. Initiating ART in 2005–2010 (versus<2000) produced an aCSH of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.89).ConclusionsWe demonstrated the negative role of immunosuppression and inflammation on the incidence of dementia among PLWH. Our study also calls for the enhanced integration of care services provided for HIV, mental health, SUD and other risk-inducing comorbidities as a means of lowering the risk of dementia within this population.
Use of contraceptives, empowerment and agency of adolescent girls and young women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lassi Zohra S , Rahim Komal Abdul , Stavropoulos Alexandra Maria , Ryan Lareesa Marie , Tyagi Jyoti , Adewale Bisi , Kurji Jaameeta , Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Meherali Salima , Ali Moazzam 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe evidence on adolescent empowerment, which involves access to personal and material resources for reproductive autonomy and economic equity, is limited. This systematic review assesses the use of contraceptives in empowering and strengthening the agency and vice versa among adolescents and young women.MethodsWe ran the searches in six electronic databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), The Campbell Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Web of Science. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using ROBINS-I and ROB-II tools as appropriate. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.ResultsForty studies that assessed the impact of empowerment on contraceptive use were included. Of these, 14 were non-randomised studies for intervention (NRSIs), and the remaining 26 were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The results from RCTs show a significant effect of the sexual and reproductive health empowerment in increasing ever use of contraception (RR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02, 1.45; n=9; I²=77%; GRADE: Very Low), and insignificant effect on unprotected sex (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.74, 1.26; n=5; I²=86%; GRADE: Very Low) and adolescent pregnancy (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.61, 1.87; n=3; I²=36%; GRADE: Very Low). None of the studies assessed impact of contraceptive use on empowerment.ConclusionsEmpowerment of adolescents and young women certainly improves contraceptive use in the immediate or short-term period. However, more robust studies with low risk of bias, longer-term outcomes, and impact of contraceptive use on empowerment and agency-strengthening are required. To increase contraceptive use uptake, tailored policies and delivery platforms are necessary for youth in low- and middle-income countries.