bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma ranitidine concentrations after intravenous administration in normal volunteers and haemodialysis patients
Authors: Roberts A P , Harrison C , Dixon G T , Curtis J R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A comparison was made of the plasma concentrations of ranitidine base in 12 normal volunteers after the administration of 100 mg intravenously and in 6 patients with terminal renal failure after 40 mg intravenously off and then during haemodialysis. The plasma ranitidine concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The results suggest that reduced elimination of the drug occurs in patients with severe renal failure and that there is significant removal of the drug during haemodialysis. It is suggested that dosage reduction is advisable in patients with severe renal failure and a suitable schedule for such patients is described.
Prolonged remission in Di Guglielmo’s syndrome
Authors: Carr R , Innes E M 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA case is reported of a 12-year-old boy with Di Guglielmo’s syndrome who achieved complete remission for over three years before developing a central nervous system relapse. The poor results of treatment in this disease are reviewed and the arguments for routine central nervous system prophylaxis discussed.
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy without radiographic evidence of new bone formation
Authors: Amin R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 70-year-old man with florid symptoms of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy for over a year presented without radiographic evidence of new bone formation. His symptoms improved after exploratory thoracotomy, but recurred with lesser severity a year later with tumour recurrence on the chest wall. Absence of new bone formation was again demonstrated radiologically as well as by isotope scan.
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma arising in a renal transplant recipient with polycystic disease
Authors: Gardner B P , Evans D B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Malignant disease arises more commonly in renal transplant recipients than in non-transplanted individuals. Renal polycystic disease is the only cause of renal failure that has a statistically significant association with the acquisition of malignancy in renal transplant recipients. This patient, who had renal failure due to polycystic disease, is the first reported renal transplant recipient to develop a hepatocellular carcinoma in an otherwise completely normal liver. It is suggested that patients with polycystic renal disease may have an unidentified factor that predisposes to the development of malignancy in them after transplantation.
The BTPABA pancreatic function test in giardiasis
Authors: Okada M , Fuchigami T , Ri S , Kohrogi N , Omae T 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe test for exocrine pancreatic function using N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BTPABA test) was assessed in 7 patients with giardiasis and 7 healthy controls. Cumulative percent p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) recovery in 6 hr was significantly lower in patients with giardiasis, compared with the control group. When an equivalent dose of free PABA was given, there were no differences in PABA recovery between the groups. In patients with giardiasis, the post-treatment values of BTPABA test were significantly higher than the pretreatment values and no differences were found in PABA recovery between patients with giardiasis after eradication and healthy controls. These findings indicate that Giardia lamblia interferes with the action of pancreatic chymotrypsin. It is noteworthy that giardiasis could cause an abnormal BTPABA test.
The pharmacokinetics of lysine theophylline, a new soluble theophylline, in human volunteers
Authors: Johnston A , Aldhous M E , Hedges A , Weerasuriya K , Freedman A , Turner P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of lysine theophylline and aminophylline in normal subjects reveals no significant difference. If lysine theophylline is shown to have the same clinical efficacy as aminophylline, the hypersensitivity reactions associated with the latter could be avoided.
Anterior mediastinal haematoma and left haemothorax on well-controlled oral anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Abaskaron M , Peterson G , Huang T Y 
Published: December 2008

Summary
An anterior mediastinal haematoma and left haemothorax developed in a hypertensive diabetic patient on oral anticoagulant therapy. This occurred in spite of well-controlled anticoagulation and the absence of other evidence of systemic bleeding.
Angiography and daily chest X-ray follow-up were not only sufficient to confirm the diagnosis, but also avoided hazardous interventional procedures.
Opening remarks
Authors: Olsen E G J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
When we originally set up the multicentre research project on endomyocardial disease, late in 1978, we held a small workshop, attended by only three of the six participating centres, designed to discuss how best to tackle this problem. We decided not to publish the proceedings of that meeting. This was regretted by many and so, on this occasion, I suggested we rectify our initial omission and publish the proceedings of this workshop, attended by representatives of all but one of the participating centres.
The cardiotoxicity of eosinophils
Authors: Spry Christopher J F , Tai Poh-Chun , Davies John 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Although an association between high blood eosinophil counts and endomyocardial disease has been known for nearly a hundred years, the reasons for this were not understood. Brockington, Luzzatto and Osunkoya (1970) suggested that eosinophil leucocytes, in susceptible persons, by some unknown mechanisms, cause endomyocardial damage. Evidence to support this possibility has come from three sources: (1) Clinical studies have shown that very high blood eosinophil counts, from any cause, can be associated with endomyocardial disease, and in some patients it has been possible to show that eosinophilia preceded the onset of heart disease. (2) The development of heart disease has been associated with the presence of degranulated eosinophils in the blood and tissues, including damaged endomyocardium, and raised serum levels of eosinophil granule basic proteins have been found in many of these patients. (3) Low concentrations of eosinophil secretion products (which contain these eosinophil granule basic proteins) have been found to injure isolated heart cells in vitro. Studies with purified eosinophil granule basic proteins have shown that cardiac cell damage is the result of a specific toxic effect of eosinophil cationic protein on the plasma membrane and two enzyme complexes (pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) involved in mitochondrial respiration. These results support the suggestion that under certain conditions, eosinophils may damage the heart, leading to endomyocardial disease, and they offer new approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of endomyocardial disease both in temperate and tropical countries.
Staphylococcal suppurative mesenteric lymphadenitis
Authors: Jain S K , Khanna S K 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two young adult males presenting with suppurative mesenteric lymphadenitis, caused by coagulase positive staphylococcus, with unusual clinical findings are reported. Pre-operative and operative differential diagnosis and management are discussed. Previous publications are briefly reviewed. The condition is extremely rare in adults and the pathogenesis is not well understood.
Constrictive pericarditis and intestinal haemorrhage due to Whipple’s disease
Authors: Crake T , Sandle G I , Crisp A J , Record C O 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two months after a pericardectomy for constrictive pericarditis a 37-year-old man presented with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weight loss. During the course of investigation he developed brisk rectal bleeding and emergency angiography revealed a bleeding site related to an area of abnormal vasculature in the caecum. At laparotomy, the small bowel was found to be inflamed and the mesenteric lymph nodes enlarged. The overall histological appearances, confirmed later on endoscopic duodenal biopsies, were those of Whipple’s disease. His symptoms resolved promptly after starting tetracycline therapy.
The clinical features of Whipple’s disease are protean and often bizarre. We report here a case where the diagnosis was made after the onset of profuse rectal bleeding.
Eradicating sources or removing results
Authors: Burkitt Denis P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
With few exceptions, the prevalence of disease has never been reduced by improved treatment. Success has followed identifying and eliminating, or reducing, causative factors. This has been true of infective disease in the West and of the great tropical epidemics. Yet vastly greater endeavour and expenditure are devoted to the treatment of non-infective diseases than to efforts to identify and tackle their causes. This in spite of the fact that they are increasingly recognized as characteristic of modern western culture.
The regulation of vasopressin secretion in a patient with oat cell carcinoma of the bronchus
Authors: Spruce Barbara A , Baylis P H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
We report a patient who had an oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma in association with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. There was an unusually long interval between the onset of hyponatraemia and clinically evident malignant disease. Dynamic testing of vasopressin secretion showed preservation of baroregulated, but not osmoregulated, vasopressin release. Immunoreactive vasopressin was detected in pleural fluid, which co-eluted with synthetic vasopressin on gel chromatography.
Pseudoerythrocytosis in myeloma with associated peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Lockhart S P , Phaure T A J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A number of unusual features have been described in patients who have peripheral neuropathy in association with plasma cell neoplasia. Amongst these features are raised haemoglobins and increased platelet counts. We have measured the red cell mass in one such patient and have shown that the raised haemoglobin was due to a pseudoerythrocytosis. Our patient is also of interest because of his youth being only 19 years old at presentation.
Recent advances in pancreatic hormone research
Authors: Long R G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The pancreas secretes 4 major polypeptide hormones: insulin from the beta cells; pancreatic glucagon from the alpha cells; somatostatin from the D cells in the islets of Langerhans, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) from the PP cells which are spread more diffusely through pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tissue. Some or all of these 4 hormones may also have paracrine effects; this means that the peptide is secreted locally and has metabolic effects on neighbouring cells. Gastrin is synthesized in G cells in the foetal pancreas, but these cells disappear postnatally. Certain other polypeptides such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) have also been demonstrated in human pancreas, but appear predominantly localized to nerves; these substances, which were initially classified as ‘gut hormones’, are now thought to be neurotransmitters or neuromodulators of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic branch of the autonomic nervous system. In view of the multiple modes of actions of these peptides, the descriptive term ‘regulatory peptides’ is now often used. Basic information about the peptides to be discussed is listed in Table 1, but it should be emphasized that many of them exist in multiple molecular forms. The purpose of this review is to discuss some primarily non-diabetic aspects of the physiology and pathophysiology of pancreatic polypeptides which have recently received attention.
Bone disease after jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity
Authors: Gilmore I T , Eastwood J B , Ellis W R , Luck V A , Fenton S , O’Grady A J , Harris E , Murray-Lyon I M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Fifteen patients who had undergone a 14 inches X 4 inches jejuno-ileal bypass operation for obesity, 3 to 4 years earlier, were investigated by iliac bone biopsy, radiology and routine biochemistry, including 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone estimations. Two patients had histological osteomalacia which was mild in one. A further 9 patients had abnormal bone biopsies, there being an excess of trabecular bone surface covered by osteoid with a normal or reduced amount of calcification front. Six of these 9 showed an increase in trabecular resorption, although in none were there excessive numbers of osteoclasts. The likely explanation for these findings is that these 9 patients had early osteomalacia with mild hyperparathyroidism, making a total of 11 patients out of 15 with osteomalacia. Radiology and blood chemistry were poor predictors of histological bone disease.
Primary immunoglobulin deficiency and haematological disorders
Authors: French M A H , Dawkins R L , Jackson J M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Nine patients with immunoglobulin deficiency and various haematological disorders are presented. In all patients, recurrent infections had antedated the onset of the haematological disorder but, in most, the possibility of primary immunodeficiency had not been considered until after the haematological diagnosis had been established. The recognition of immunodeficiency is important since such patients may require steroids, immunosuppressive therapy or splenectomy. Gammaglobulin would appear to be the appropriate therapy in this situation. Infections were reduced in all 6 patients so treated.
Paraquat poisoning: evidence of systemic toxicity after dermal exposure
Authors: Tungsanga K , Chusilp S , Israsena S , Sitprija V 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Exposure of the scrotal skin to a concentrated paraquat solution led to renal and respiratory failure and to hepatic damage with eventual recovery of the patient. Dermal exposure to paraquat, especially to the scrotum may produce serious systemic toxicity.
Simplified intravenous nutrition using Intralipid-based mixtures in patients with serious gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Burnham W R , Knott C E , Cook J A , Langman M J S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
An Intralipid-based intravenous feeding mixture has been given to 20 patients with serious gastrointestinal disease who required parenteral nutritional support (mean duration 13.75 days). In half of the patients, only peripheral veins were used for infusion (mean duration 12 days), the infusion site being changed every 24-48 hr. Positive nitrogen balance was maintained in all but one individual and other parameters of nutrition improved. No serious complications due to intravenous feeding were encountered, although some patients did develop abnormal liver function tests and mild phlebitis at the peripheral vein infusion site. No abnormalities of pulmonary gas exchange attributable to the infusion were noted.
We conclude that this mixture is safe, relatively simple to use and effective. Consequently, it may be especially appropriate for patients in general medical and surgical wards as well as those in specialist units.
Radiculomyelopathy associated with herpes simplex genitalis treated with adenosine arabinoside
Authors: Handler Clive E , Perkin G D , Fray R , Woinarski J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of herpes simplex genitalis producing radiculomyelopathy with urinary retention is reported. The patient was treated with adenosine arabinoside intravenously and made a complete recovery over 4 weeks. Although herpes simplex genitalis is common, neurological sequelae, particularly cord involvement, are distinctly rare. It should, nevertheless, be considered in the differential diagnosis of urinary retention, with or without long-tract signs, in young patients.
Acute sacral epidural abscess following local anaesthetic injection
Authors: Rustin M H A , Flynn M D , Coomes E N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Spinal epidural abscesses are uncommon infections of the central nervous system. Delay in making the diagnosis increases the morbidity and mortality because irreversible neurological damage occurs during this time. We report a 45-year-old male who developed an acute sacral epidural abscess following a local anaesthetic injection given for the relief of low back pain. We believe this is the first documented case of a local anaesthetic injection causing an acute sacral epidural abscess.
Hemichorea—a late sequel of an extradural haematoma
Authors: Sandyk R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hemichorea developed several weeks after evacuation of a traumatic extradural haematoma. The abnormal movements were confined to arm and leg on the side opposite the surgery. No other causes of chorea were found. The connection between the extradural haematoma and the late onset hemichorea is not well understood; mechanical pressure on basal ganglia structures, vascular disturbances of the anterior choroidal artery as well as biochemical alterations are all possible mechanisms.
Ménétrièr’s disease and trichobezoar of stomach—an unusual association
Authors: Chakrabarti A K , Singh T D , Joshi K , Malik A K 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hypertrophic gastropathy (Ménétrièr’s disease) is a clinical and pathological curiosity. It is often seen in association with a variety of other disease processes. The authors here present a previously undescribed association of Ménétrièr’s disease with trichobezoar in the stomach and small intestine.
Occult pulmonary thromboembolism presenting as diffuse interstitial pneumonitis in cancer patients
Authors: Needleman S W , Aschenbrener C A , Armitage J O 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The prompt and accurate recognition of non-malignant complications is of critical importance in the care of cancer patients. Pulmonary thromboembolism is particularly important because it is common, treatable and frequently difficult to diagnose. Two patients are presented who died of recurrent pulmonary thromboemboli which were unrecognized because open lung biopsies showed diffused interstitial pneumonitis. The association of pulmonary thromboembolism and interstitial inflammation has been recognized at autopsy, and there are a number of plausible mechanisms which could link these processes. Interstitial pneumonitis should be added to the numerous protean manifestations with which pulmonary thromboembolism is associated.
Phaeochromocytoma of the urinary bladder localized by selective venous sampling and computed tomography
Authors: Miller J L , Immelman E J , Roman T E , Mervis B 
Published: December 2008

SummaryClinical and biochemical evidence of a catecholamine-secreting tumour was documented in a 19-year-old female presenting with malignant hypertension. The tumour was successfully localized to the pelvis by means of plasma noradrenaline assay from multiple sites, after previous attempts at localization had failed. Subsequently, computed tomographic (CT) scan allowed correct pre-operative localization to the urinary bladder.
Fractures of the pelvis
Authors: Eid Abulfotooh M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Pelvic fractures in this series constituted 3.3% of all traumatic admissions and 5.7% of all fractures.
A classification of pelvic fractures was adopted in which five types were identified. Type I (24.2%) comprised fractures without a break in the pelvic ring. Type II (17.7%) comprised those with a single break in the pelvic ring. Fractures with a double break of the pelvic ring constituted Type III (23.6%). Multiple fractures of the pelvis were identified as Type IV (10.8%). Fractures of the acetabulum were grouped separately as Type V (23.7%). On the basis of blood loss, mortality and potential disability, Types I and II constituted the ‘minor’ fractures of the pelvis. Types III, IV and V were the ‘major’ fractures of the pelvis, of which Type IV were the worst.
The commonest fracture encountered was that of a single pubic ramus. The pubic area was involved in 43.0% of the cases.
Associated injuries were common (2.19 per patient). Some of these lesions were the result of the causative trauma. Some others, however, were related to certain types of pelvic fractures.
Bleomycin in verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus
Authors: Sakurai Toshihiro , Fuchigami Tadahiko , Omae Teruo , Iwashita Akinori , Kume Kazuhiro , Asano Shozo 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus treated with bleomycin is reported. Bleomycin brought prompt reduction of the tumour and relief of symptoms. There have been no previous reports on experience with anti-cancer agents for verrucous carcinoma of the oesophagus. Administration of bleomycin might be an effective treatment for verrucous carcinoma of the oesophagus.
Axillary lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
Authors: Colley E W , Cox Rosamond A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 5-year-old girl presented with a swelling in the right axilla from which Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was cultured. The gland was excised and she made an uneventful recovery.
Granulomatous peritonitis caused by glove starch
Authors: Michowitz M , Stavorovsky M , Ilie B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Corn starch particles are used as a surgical glove lubricant. At present there is no better alternative for this lubricant. Implantation of corn starch particles into the peritoneal cavity can induce foreign body reactions, starch peritonitis and starch granulomata, and may cause adhesions and intestinal obstruction. Starch peritonitis should be treated conservatively.
Problems of haemostasis in burns surgery
Authors: Hazarika E , Mason J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 26-year-old male patient, with full thickness burs to 35% of his body surface area, was treated by excision and meshed split-skin grafting on the 7th day post-burn. Postoperatively, he developed persistent bleeding which was finally halted by clot removal, bipolar coagulation of bleeding points, replacement of the meshed skin graft and the application of a layer of oxidised regenerated cellulose. The treatment was effective and the patient made an otherwise uneventful recovery. The authors are unaware of the previous use of oxidised regenerated cellulose for the control of haemorrhage from 50% of the body surface area, with success.
Haemostasis and cleft palate surgery
Authors: Walters F J M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Previous workers have reported blood loss during cleft palate surgery to range from 45 ml to 280 ml in children up to 3 years of age (Tempest, 1958; Jennings et al., 1980). It rarely decompensates the patient except perhaps in the small infants. Even in this group, if the basic cardiovascular parameters are monitored and the blood loss carefully measured, it can simply be replaced. However, for the surgeon, operating accurately under a pool of blood in a small mouth can become impossible, making a successful repair difficult. Ideally therefore, even the smallest amount of bleeding should be prevented.
Difficult tracheal intubation; improvements in translaryngeal guide wire techniques
Authors: Blogg C E , Ward M E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Many solutions have been proposed for achieving tracheal intubation in patients with anatomical abnormalities which preclude the conventional use of a laryngoscope. The use of a guide passed in a retrograde direction into the mouth via the larynx (Waters, 1963) or trachea (Ramsay and Salyer, 1981) has proved useful by allowing the tracheal tube to be guided over the guide from the mouth or nose into the larynx. Greater control is achieved by the use of a relatively rigid wire (Ramsay and Salyer, 1981; Roberts, 1981; McLean, 1982) but passage of the tube into the trachea is impeded by the guide protruding through the skin of the neck. If the guide is removed, the risk of displacing the tracheal tube as it is advanced is increased.