bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tartrazine and benzoate challenge and dietary avoidance in chronic asthma
Authors: TARLO SUSAN M. , BRODER I. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis study undertook to determine the usefulness of tartrazine and benzoate challenge and dietary avoidance in the management of patients with chronic asthma. Double‐blind ingestion‐challenge tests were performed on separate days with lactose, tartrazine, benzoate and acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA). Of the twenty‐eight subjects challenged, one responded to tartrazine and one to benzoate. Two additional subjects responded to ASA and a further eight were not tested with this material because of a definite history of sensitivity. Twenty‐four subjects completed 1 month periods of observation while first on a normal diet and then while on a tartrazine‐benzoate avoidance diet. No improvement occurred during the modified diet in anyone with positive challenge‐tests or in all, but one, of those with a history of ASA idiosyncrasy; paradoxically, several of these subjects worsened during this period. We conclude that tartrazine‐benzoate dietary avoidance was not of value in the management of the chronic asthmatic in this study, even among patients who respond to challenge with these substances or have ASA idiosyncracy.
The hazard of mould hyposensitization in children with asthma
Authors: KAAD P. H. , ØSTERGAARD P. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOf thirty‐eight children, who were immunized with mould extracts, seven (19%) were withdrawn from hyposensitization due to serious side‐effects clinically consistent with a type III reaction. These seven children exhibited a two‐ to four‐fold increase in circulating precipitating‐antibodies to the injected extracts, and had shown a slight increase in precipitating antibodies to the mould extracts used before hyposensitization. A further fourteen patients, also hyposensitized with mould extracts but without side effects did not develop precipitating antibodies. It is suggested that hyposensitization with mould extracts may be hazardous in children who may have a primary ‘immune imbalance’ with a risk of provoking type III reactions.
A comparison of ketotifen with clemastine, ipratropium bromide and sodium cromoglycate in exercise‐induced asthma
Authors: DORWARD A. J. , PATEL K. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryExercise‐induced asthma (EIA) was provoked by a standardized treadmill running for 8 min in seven atopic adult asthmatics. The tests were performed using a double‐dummy technique after placebo, oral ketotifen, inhaled clemastine. ipratropium bromide and sodium cromoglycate (SCG), in a random single blind‐fashion on different days. The mean post‐exercise percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was 47 (s.e. 6.95), 39 (s.e. 8.35), 27 (s.e. 7.17), 23 (s.e. 7.69) and 7.0 (s.e. 4.62)% respectively. There was significantly less mean bronchoconstriction with SCG (P < 0.01), ipratropium bromide and clemastine (P < 0.05) but not with ketotifen. Six out of seven individual patients had significant protection of EIA with sodium cromoglycate, four with ipratropium bromide, three with clemastine but only one with ketotifen. Ipratropium bromide and clemastine were bronchodilators at rest, whereas SCG and ketotifen were not. Despite its claims to work as a mast cell stabilizing drug, ketotifen in a single dose does not have an effect similar to sodium cromoglycate in EIA, nor does it compare with inhaled clemastine or ipratropium bromide.
Double‐blind comparison between beclomethasone dipropionate as aerosol and as powder in patients with nasal polyposis
Authors: TOFT A. , WIHL J.‐Å. , TOXMAN J. , MYGIND N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBeclomethasone dipropionate as a pressurized aerosol is effective in nasal polyposis, but the efficacy is only moderate. In these partly‐blocked noses, it seems possible that the insufflated drug in powder form is better distributed over the mucous membrane than the pressurized aerosol. To test this hypothesis, we treated forty‐two patients with nasal polyposis with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate as a powder and as a pressurized aerosol in a double‐dummy, cross‐over design. There was no difference between the treatments in sixteen patients, while in twelve cases there was a preference for beclomethasone dipropionate as aerosol, and in fourteen, for the powder form. Fourteen found the aerosol most irritating and nineteen, the powder. Thus, in a group of polyp patients there were no significant differences between the two application forms, but possibly there is a need for both aerosol and powder, as there appeared to be differences in the individual responsiveness to the two types of intranasal medication;. Blind microscopy of wiped nasal‐smears before and after beclomethasone dipropionate treatment showed a reduction of basophilic cells, and counting of sneezes after medication demonstrated a reduction in the number of sneezes. These results suggest that a reduction of epithelial mediator‐cells and of irritant receptor‐sensitivity are of importance for the efficacy of topical steroids in rhinitis.
Bronchial obstructive reactions after inhalation with endotoxin and precipitinogens of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with chronic non‐specific lung disease
Authors: van der ZWAN J. C. , ORIE N. G. M. , KAUFFMAN H. F. , WIERS P. W. J. , de VRIES K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBronchial obstructive reactions occur after inhalation of Haemophilus influenzae in the absence of proteolytic activity in patients with CNLSD and a lowered histamine threshold in whom specific precipitins are demonstrated. It may be presumed, that the direct bronchial reaction is caused by its content of endotoxin, whereas the late bronchial reaction is the result of a toxic action and a type III allergic reaction. When proteolytic activity is present it lowers the histamine threshold and may influence the endotoxin effect in this way.
Histamine content of sputum from patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis
Authors: BRYANT D. H. , PUI A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryStudies using the guinea pig ileum bioassay technique have previously shown that patients with either asthma or chronic bronchitis have increased amounts of histamine in their sputum. Because of the limitations of this assay technique, a spectrofluorometric method for measuring the histamine content of sputum was developed. Using this technique it was found that the mean histamine concentration of sputum from patients with bronchogenic carcinoma or pneumonia was not significantly different from the mean value for sputum collected during a remission phase from patients with either chronic bronchitis or asthma. However, the mean values in patients with asthma or chronic bronchitis during an exacerbation were significantly higher and returned to basal values as the airways obstruction improved. There was no significant difference in sputum histamine concentration between those patients with extrinsic atopic asthma and those with late onset cryptogenic asthma during an exacerbation although the value in patients with an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis was significantly less.These results indicate that mediators of immediate hypersensitivity may be implicated in the pathogenesis of airways obstruction in disorders other than extrinsic atopic asthma and suggest that histamine release may occur in non‐atopic subjects in response to non‐antigenic stimuli.
Immunological studies on Alternaria sensitivity use of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis, precipitins and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: BUSH R. K. , VOSS M. J. , JONES J. , FLAHERTY D. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCharacterization of the immunological response to Alternaria in sensitive subjects is not complete. We used crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) to identify antigens in Alternaria extracts reacting with IgE antibody in five patients with Alternaria‐sensitive asthma, four with Alternaria‐induced rhinitis, three non‐allergic asthmatics, and three normal controls. All five Alternaria‐asthma patients and three of four Alternaria‐rhinitis patients showed IgE binding to a single antigen peak in the CRIE. One patient exhibited specific radio‐staining to a second peak, and two other patients had IgE binding to a third antigen. These results suggest an analogy of Alternaria antigens with that found in ragweed pollen extracts, i.e. that IgE antibody is directed against more than one antigen. Using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found a significant difference (P < 0·05, unpaired Student's t‐test) in igG binding between Alternaria‐sensitive asthmatics and normal controls. There was no apparent difference in IgG binding between untreated Alternaria‐sensitive asthmatics and those receiving high‐dose immunotherapy.
Improvement of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) sensitivity by using an antibody specific for the determinant Dɛ2
Authors: PÉCOUD A. , OCHSNER M. , ARRENDAL H. , FREI P. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA technical modification was introduced by the manufacturer (Pharmacia) of a commercially available RAST, with the use of an anti‐IgE antibody specific for the domain ε2 of the IgE molecule. Results of the previous and of the new RAST were compared in 100 patients suffering from bronchial asthma or chronic rhinitis. When the same serum was assayed by both techniques, the new RAST technique disclosed a higher positivity in 26% of the comparisons. The new RAST improved the overall correlation between RAST and skin‐tests by 6%: individually by 12% for house dust, 8% for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and 15% for animal danders. However, the level of correlation was decreased by 8% for the moulds. In patients with a total IgE concentration larger than 100 PRIST units, the new RAST allowed the demonstration of specific IgE in a number of cases twice as large as the previous technique. Thus, the modification of the RAST provides a more sensitive test, the results of which better correlate with those of other diagnostic methods.
Specific cellular and humoral immunity in children with grass pollen asthma
Authors: HILL D. J. , SMART I. J. , HOSKING C. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLymphocyte stimulation, as determined by incorporation of thymidine, to rye grass extract in twenty‐three children with bronchial reactivity to rye grass and to house dust mite, did not differ significantly from four children with reactivity to house dust mite alone, or from nine children with asthma but without a bronchial response to these allergens. Sixteen children underwent hyposensitization with rye grass extract or treatment with placebo. There was no consistent effect of hyposensitization on the lymphocyte stimulation indices to rye grass. A decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness occurred to rye grass and to house dust mite after the grass pollen season but was not statistically significant. Analysis of changes in lymphocyte responsiveness to both house dust mite and rye grass of the children most highly sensitized to rye allergen, showed that the lymphocyte responsiveness to rye grass fell during the pollen season (P<0.05) but this effect was not seen with house dust mite. The study suggests that a decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness to rye grass allergen in children with large amounts of anti‐rye IgE antibodies is antigen specific and may be seen following seasonal exposure.
Effect of house dust mite on serum complement activation and total haemolytic activity in vitro in normal subjects and in patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: SRIVASTAVA NALINI , GUPTA S. P. , SRIVASTAVA L. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHouse dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) has been shown to activate the complement system in vitro by both the classical and alternative pathways in normal serum and in two groups of (skin test positive and skin test negative) patients with bronchial asthma. The activation was dose dependent in the lower range of allergen concentrations. Skin test positive asthmatic subjects showed the maximum activation. Skin test negative patients had activation between skin test positive patients and normal subjects. However, at the higher allergen concentration normal serum and bronchial asthma patients showed similar results.
Characteristics of the cellular composition, especially the lymphocyte sub‐populations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with summer‐type hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: NAKAYAMA T. , YASUOKA S. , MITSUI M. , KAWANO T. , OZAKI T. , TSUBURA E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe pathogenesis of summer‐type hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which often occurs in Japan, was examined by analysing the cell profile, especially the lymphocyte sub‐populations, of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from these patients: twenty‐two normal volunteers and fourteen patients with localized lung cancer as controls. Lymphocyte sub‐populations were determined by the micro‐testplate method. In the bronchial fluid of the summer hypersensitivity group, the total cell number was much higher (five to ten times) than in the control groups, and the percentage of lymphocytes reached 84‐2 + 5.1 (mean + s.e. mean); the percentage of T lymphocytes was significantly increased (95.6 + 1.0), but that of B lymphocytes (3.2 + 0.6) was similar to that of the control groups, though the absolute numbers of B and T lymphocytes were higher than in the control groups. In the peripheral blood of the summer hypersensitivity group, the percentage of B lymphocytes was significantly higher than that found in the normal volunteers, but that of T lymphocytes was not increased. Cellular changes in bronchial fluid were more evident than changes seen by X‐ray examination and are considered to be a good parameter of the severity of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is considered that cell‐mediated immunity as well as the Arthus reaction may be intimately related to the pathogenesis of summer‐type hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Some aspects of occupational asthma
Authors: ÁVILA R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe behaviour of forty‐four patients, taken from a group of 133 cases of extrinsic pulmonary granulomatoses (EPG), who before developing the disease had no history of atopy and after being affected presented asthma‐like symptoms, is analysed. Some of these patients had simultaneously clinical signs of rhinitis which proved to be due to lesions identical to those found in the bronchial mucosa. From the presented results, the author concludes that the clinical manifestations of these patients are not of the classical allergic type but bronchial and nasal reactions of the EPG in which, at least, a type III hypersensitivity reaction is involved. This is supported by the results of bronchial provocation tests performed on twenty‐three patients with suberosis.
Serum dopamine β‐hydroxylase and free fatty acids in exercise‐induced asthma
Authors: NAGAKURA T. , IIKURA Y. , MIYAKAWA T. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerum dopamineβ‐hydroxylase activity, which is thought to reflect noradrenaline secretion, and free fatty acid level were measured in twenty atopic asthmatic children, of whom ten had exercise‐induced asthma (EIA), after exercise on the treadmill.There was a significant decrease in the level of serum dopamine β‐hydroxylase activity in the asthmatics who developed EIA and this closely accompanied the onset of airflow obstruction. There was no change in the free fatty acid levels. In contrast, the asthmatics, who did not have EIA showed a significant rise in the levels of dopamine β‐hydroxylase activity and free fatty acids after the same exercise task.Our results suggest that the atopic children studied, who developed EIA, may have had an impaired noradrenaline response to exercise. It is further suggested that this impaired noradrenaline secretion may facilitate mediator release and contribute to the airflow obstruction in EIA.
Seasonal variation of antibody levels among pigeon fanciers
Authors: McSHARRY C. , LYNCH P. P. , BANHAM S. W. , BOYD G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIgG antibody against avian antigens was measured by quantitative radioimmunoassay in serum samples obtained regularly from twenty pigeon fanciers over a 1‐year period. A seasonal variation was seen in nine antibody‐positive subjects; eight of whom had symptoms of pigeon breeder's disease (PBD), and a clear peak of antibody production occurred during late summer, corresponding with the period of maximum avian contact in the sporting season. All subjects with insignificant specific IgG levels were asymptomatic and displayed minimal changes throughout the year despite a similar exposure pattern to antigen for all individuals. Raised total IgG was a feature of six symptomatic subjects, two of whom had raised total IgA. Three of these six subjects had maximum hypergamma‐globulinaemia coinciding with peak specific‐antibody levels, but in general the total imrnunoglobulin levels tended to remain high throughout the year with only marginal fluctuations. The total immunoglobulin levels in the other individuals were within normal limits and displayed no remarkable changes during the year. The subjects with pigeon breeder's disease had a more active immune responsiveness to avian contact, and the association of the highest levels with periods of maximal contact with antigen may have an important bearing on the dynamic nature of this condition.
Study of immunological parameters in Farmer's lung
Authors: MARCER G. , SIMIONI L. , SAIA B. , SALADINO G. , GEMIGNANI C. , MASTRANGELO G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA cross‐sectional epidemiological study was carried out on 2932 farmers (response rate 92%) living in Northern Italy. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was supplied, chest X‐ray taken and simple spirometry tests made. Thirty‐nine subjects reported attacks of breathlessness associated with fever after exposure to mouldy hay; thirty‐six had a clinical history of Farmer's lung and X‐ray and/or respiratory function changes indicative of chronic Farmer's lung; 113 were classified as having bronchial asthma. These 118 subjects and a random sample of 131 non‐symptomatic subjects were examined by intracutaneous skin tests and double diffusion precipitation tests with antigens associated with Farmer's lung. All sera positive by precipitation were examined by immunoelectrophoresis, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and C1q binding test, and Bovine conglutinin test in solid phase for the detection of circulating immunocomplexes. 27.8% cases of chronic Farmer's lung, 4.4% of cases of bronchial asthma and 2.3% of non‐symptomatic subjects showed precipitating antibodies against Farmer's lung antigens. Of the precipitin‐positive subjects, the majority had precipitating antibodies against Micropolyspora faeni. No differences in immunoelectrophoregrams in number and pattern of precipitation arcs for M. faeni were found between chronic Farmer's lung and bronchial asthma subjects. Circulating immune complexes were present in 50% of chronic Farmer's lung patients, 40% of those with bronchial asthma and 33.3% of non‐symptomatic subjects. Three Farmer's lung subjects (9.3%) showed immediate skin‐test reactions to rural environmental allergens.
Recurrent idiopathic angioedema in the presence of increased capillary fragility: an unusual case presentation
Authors: MILLER M. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA case of petechiae formation associated with recurrent idiopathic angioedema is presented. The mechanism for the petechial formation appears to be related to the underlying presence of increased capillary fragility in association with elevated venous pressure caused by angioedema. The persistence of the increased capillary fragility during the long, symptom‐free intervals between acute episodes of angioedema suggests that the capillary fragility is unrelated to the pathologic process responsible for the angioedema.
Total serum IgE levels in Venezuelan schoolchildren
Authors: PONCE DORIS P. , ANDERSON O. , ILJA R. , MONZÓN A. , BIANCO N. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySeventy‐eight disease‐free children were evaluated by PRIST for total serum IgE in order to establish the normal range for this immunoglobulin and assess its utility, in tropical climates, such as Venezuela, as a diagnostic tool for clinical allergy. Seventy‐eight normals were selected from a group of 1053 children, aged 7‐12 years from fourteen schools in Caracas. Exclusion from the normal pool was based on nationality, and on historical, clinical, and/or laboratory evidence of atopic and/or infectious diseases, particularly with parasites. In addition to a routine CBC and differential, the following studies were performed: a search for stool ova and parasites; in vitro (RAST) and in vivo (skin prick) testing for specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Aspergillusfumigatus, and ragweed. Measurement of antibodies against influenza A and B, adenovirus A2: and B, cytomegalovirus, parainflucnza 1 and 3, herpes simplex, respiratory syncytial virus, Coxsackie B1 to B6, Mycoptasma pneumoniae and Rolavirus was also carried out.Normal serum IgE levels for disease‐free children in the age group studied ranged from 1.7‐255 u/ml. The highest average level (± 74 u/ml) occurred at the age of 9 years. These values differed significantly from age‐matched control groups of known atopic and helminth‐infected children. Thus, once common causes for elevated IgE levels are eliminated, determination of total serum IgE can be utilized as a valuable tool in diagnosis of clinical allergy in countries with tropical climates.
Plasma histamine concentrations in atopic eczema
Authors: RING J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPlasma histamine concentrations were determined using a radio‐enzymatic assay in fifty‐four patients suffering from atopic eczema and in thirty‐nine controls (contact dermatitis, psoriasis and normal non‐alopic healthy volunteers). While in none of the controls histamine levels in plasma exceeded 1 ng/ ml, seventeen out of fifty‐four patients with atopic eczema showed increased plasma histamine concentrations ranging between 1‐2 and 5′2 ng/ml. Elevated plasma histamine levels were found mostly in patients with severe eczema and high serum IgE. levels. Longitudinal studies in seven patients revealed normal plasma histamine values during clinical remission.
Airborne endotoxins and humidifier disease
Authors: RYLANDER R. , HAGLIND P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe presence of humidifier disease in a printing factory was investigated with particular emphasis on airborne endotoxins. The water in the humidifier was contaminated with Pseudomonas. The amount of airborne endotoxin when the humidifier was operating was 0.13‐0.39 μg/m3. Twenty of the fifty workers investigated reported typical symptoms of fever, chills, and chest tightness when the humidifiers were operating. Symptoms were more frequent among non‐smokers.The estimated inhaled dose of endotoxin was found to be sufficient to cause the observed symptoms. The determination of airborne endotoxins in future episodes of humidifier disease is recommended.