bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, Histologic, and Radiographic Outcomes of Distal Femoral Resurfacing with Hypothermically Stored Osteoarticular Allografts
Authors: Davidson Philip A. , Rivenburgh Dennis W. , Dawson Patti E. , Rozin Roman 
Published: March 2007

Background Fresh osteoarticular allograft transplantation has a long history of clinical success. These grafts have typically been implanted less than 1 week from donor asystole. Hypothesis Osteoarticular allografts stored 4 to 6 weeks represent a viable alternative to treat full-thickness cartilage and osteochondral defects of the distal femur as measured by clinical, histologic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Osteoarticular allografts were implanted after a mean graft storage time (at 4°C) of 36 days (range, 28-43). Sixty-seven patients received massive hypothermically stored osteoarticular allografts. Ten knees in 8 of these patients underwent second-look arthroscopic evaluation and biopsy at a mean of 40 months (range, 23-60) after implantation. Clinical assessment was performed using multiple outcome measures and sequential MRI evaluations. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the graft as well as from native articular cartilage at the time of second-look arthroscopy for histologic analysis. Results The mean International Knee Documentation Committee scores were as follows: preoperative, 27 (range, 9-55); postoperative, 79 (range, 56-99); P = .002. The mean Lysholm scores were as follows: preoperative, 37 (range, 12-47); postoperative, 78 (range, 55-90); P = .002. The mean Short Form-36 physical scores were as follows: preoperative, 38 (range, 24-55); postoperative, 51 (range, 39-61); P = .002. The mean Tegner scores were as follows: preoperative, 4.3 (range, 1-9); postoperative, 5.3 (range, 4-7); P = .16. The mean International Cartilage Repair Society score at follow-up was 10 (nearly normal) (range, 7-11). The mean modified Outerbridge scores were as follows preoperative, 4.3 (range, 3-5); postoperative, 0.6 (range, 0-1); P = .002. The mean graft and native cartilage cellular density and viability were not statistically different. Conclusions Fresh-stored osteoarticular grafts for full-thickness articular surface defects of the distal femur appear to offer a viable biological method to restore knee function. Our study suggests that osteoarticular grafts stored in cell culture medium at 4°C for 4 to 6 weeks provide successful short-term clinical outcomes.
The macrophage CD163 surface glycoprotein is an erythroblast adhesion receptor
Authors: Fabriek Babs O. , Polfliet Machteld M. J. , Vloet Rianka P. M. , van der Schors Roel C. , Ligtenberg Antoon J. M. , Weaver Lehn K. , Geest Christiaan , Matsuno Kenjiro , Moestrup Søren K. , Dijkstra Christien D. , van den Berg Timo K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractErythropoiesis occurs in erythroblastic islands, where developing erythroblasts closely interact with macrophages. The adhesion molecules that govern macrophage-erythroblast contact have only been partially defined. Our previous work has implicated the rat ED2 antigen, which is highly expressed on the surface of macrophages in erythroblastic islands, in erythroblast binding. In particular, the monoclonal antibody ED2 was found to inhibit erythroblast binding to bone marrow macrophages. Here, we identify the ED2 antigen as the rat CD163 surface glycoprotein, a member of the group B scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) family that has previously been shown to function as a receptor for hemoglobin-haptoglobin (Hb-Hp) complexes and is believed to contribute to the clearance of free hemoglobin. CD163 transfectants and recombinant protein containing the extracellular domain of CD163 supported the adhesion of erythroblastic cells. Furthermore, we identified a 13–amino acid motif (CD163p2) corresponding to a putative interaction site within the second scavenger receptor domain of CD163 that could mediate erythroblast binding. Finally, CD163p2 promoted erythroid expansion in vitro, suggesting that it enhanced erythroid proliferation and/or survival, but did not affect differentiation. These findings identify CD163 on macrophages as an adhesion receptor for erythroblasts in erythroblastic islands, and suggest a regulatory role for CD163 during erythropoiesis.
Human tissue mast cells are an inducible reservoir of persistent HIV infection
Authors: Sundstrom J. Bruce , Ellis Jane E. , Hair Gregory A. , Kirshenbaum Arnold S. , Metcalfe Dean D. , Yi Hong , Cardona Adriana C. , Lindsay Michael K. , Ansari Aftab A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have proposed that, unlike other HIV-vulnerable cell lineages, progenitor mast cells (prMCs), cultured in vitro from undifferentiated bone marrow–derived CD34+ pluripotent progenitors (PPPs), are susceptible to infection during a limited period of their ontogeny. As infected prMCs mature in culture, they lose expression of viral chemokine coreceptors necessary for viral entry and develop into long-lived, latently infected mature tissue mast cells (MCs), resistant to new infection. In vivo recruitment of prMCs to different tissue compartments occurs in response to tissue injury, growth, and remodeling or allergic inflammation, allowing populations of circulating and potentially HIV-susceptible prMCs to spread persistent infection to diverse tissue compartments. In this report, we provide in vivo evidence to confirm this model by demonstrating that HIV-infected women have both circulating prMCs and placental tissue MCs (PLMCs) that harbor inducible infectious HIV even after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during pregnancy. Furthermore, infectious virus, capable of infecting alloactivated fetal cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs), could be induced in isolated latently infected PLMCs after weeks in culture in vitro. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that tissue MCs, developed from infected circulating prMCs, comprise a long-lived inducible reservoir of persistent HIV in infected persons during HAART.
Abnormal microRNA-16 locus with synteny to human 13q14 linked to CLL in NZB mice
Authors: Raveche Elizabeth S. , Salerno Erica , Scaglione Brian J. , Manohar Vijaya , Abbasi Fatima , Lin Yi-Chu , Fredrickson Torgny , Landgraf Pablo , Ramachandra Sumant , Huppi Konrad , Toro Jorge R. , Zenger Vincent E. , Metcalf Robert A. , Marti Gerald E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNew Zealand black (NZB) mice with autoimmune and B lymphoproliferative disease (B-LPD) are a model for human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A genomewide linkage scan of the NZB loci associated with lymphoma was conducted in F1 backcrosses of NZB and a control strain, DBA/2. Of 202 mice phenotyped for the presence or absence of LPD, surface maker expression, DNA content, and microsatellite polymorphisms, 74 had disease. The CD5+, IgM+, B220dim, hyperdiploid LPD was linked to 3 loci on chromosomes 14, 18, and 19 that are distinct from previously identified autoimmunity-associated loci. The region of synteny with mouse D14mit160 is the human 13q14 region, associated with human CLL, containing microRNAs mir-15a16-1. DNA sequencing of multiple NZB tissues identified a point mutation in the 3′ flanking sequence of the identical microRNA, mir-16-1, and this mutation was not present in other strains, including the nearest neighbor, NZW. Levels of miR-16 were decreased in NZB lymphoid tissue. Exogenous miR-16 delivered to an NZB malignant B-1 cell line resulted in cell-cycle alterations and increased apoptosis. Linkage of the mir-15a/16-1 complex and the development of B-LPD in this spontaneous mouse model suggest that the altered expression of the mir-15a/16-1 is the molecular lesion in CLL.
Resolution of LPS-induced airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia is independent of IL-18
Authors: Harris J Foster , Aden Jay , Lyons C Rick , Tesfaigzi Yohannes 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

Background
The resolution of inflammatory responses in the lung has not been described in detail and the role of specific cytokines influencing the resolution process is largely unknown.

Methods
The present study was designed to describe the resolution of inflammation from 3 h through 90 d following an acute injury by a single intratracheal instillation of F344/N rats with LPS. We documented the inflammatory cell types and cytokines found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and epithelial changes in the axial airway and investigated whether IL-18 may play a role in the resolution process by reducing its levels with anti-IL-18 antibodies.

Results
Three major stages of inflammation and resolution were observed in the BALF during the resolution. The first stage was characterized by PMNs that increased over 3 h to 1 d and decreased to background levels by d 6–8. The second stage of inflammation was characterized by macrophage influx reaching maximum numbers at d 6 and decreasing to background levels by d 40. A third stage of inflammation was observed for lymphocytes which were elevated over d 3–6. Interestingly, IL-18 and IL-9 levels in the BALF showed a cyclic pattern with peak levels at d 4, 8, and 16 while decreasing to background levels at d 1–2, 6, and 12. Depletion of IL-18 caused decreased PMN numbers at d 2, but no changes in inflammatory cell number or type at later time points.

Conclusion
These data suggest that IL-18 plays a role in enhancing the LPS-induced neutrophilic inflammation of the lung, but does not affect the resolution of inflammation.
Biomechanical effects of polyaxial pedicle screw fixation on the lumbosacral segments with an anterior interbody cage support
Authors: Chen Shih-Hao , Mo Lin Ruey , Chen Hsiang-Ho , Tsai Kai-Jow 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

Background
Lumbosacral fusion is a relatively common procedure that is used in the management of an unstable spine. The anterior interbody cage has been involved to enhance the stability of a pedicle screw construct used at the lumbosacral junction. Biomechanical differences between polyaxial and monoaxial pedicle screws linked with various rod contours were investigated to analyze the respective effects on overall construct stiffness, cage strain, rod strain, and contact ratios at the vertebra-cage junction.

Methods
A synthetic model composed of two ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene blocks was used with four titanium pedicle screws (two in each block) and two rods fixation to build the spinal construct along with an anterior interbody cage support. For each pair of the construct fixed with polyaxial or monoaxial screws, the linked rods were set at four configurations to simulate 0°, 7°, 14°, and 21° lordosis on the sagittal plane, and a compressive load of 300 N was applied. Strain gauges were attached to the posterior surface of the cage and to the central area of the left connecting rod. Also, the contact area between the block and the cage was measured using prescale Fuji super low pressure film for compression, flexion, lateral bending and torsion tests.

Results
Our main findings in the experiments with an anterior interbody cage support are as follows: 1) large segmental lordosis can decrease the stiffness of monoaxial pedicle screws constructs; 2) polyaxial screws rather than monoaxial screws combined with the cage fixation provide higher compression and flexion stiffness in 21° segmental lordosis; 3) polyaxial screws enhance the contact surface of the cage in 21° segmental lordosis.

Conclusion
Polyaxial screws system used in conjunction with anterior cage support yields higher contact ratio, compression and flexion stiffness of spinal constructs than monoaxial screws system does in the same model when the spinal segment is set at large lordotic angles. Polyaxial pedicle screw fixation performs nearly equal percentages of vertebra-cage contact among all constructs with different sagittal alignments, therefore enhances the stabilization effect of interbody cages in the lumbosacral area.
Transcriptional activation of the human papillomavirus type 5 and 16 long control region in cells from cutaneous and mucosal origin
Authors: Mistry Nitesh , Simonsson Monika , Evander Magnus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman papillomavirus type-16 (HPV-16) infects mucosal epithelium and is the most common type found in cervical cancer. HPV-5 infects cornified epithelium and is the most common type found on normal skin and belongs to the types frequently associated with skin cancers ofEpidermodysplasia verruciformispatients. One factor by which this anatomical tropism could be determined is the regulation of HPV gene expression in the host cell. The HPV long control region (LCR) contains cis-responsive elements that regulate HPV transcription and the epithelial tropism of HPV is determined by epithelial specific constitutive enhancers in the LCR. Since HPV-16 and other types infecting the mucosa differ in host cell from HPV types infecting skin, it has been hypothesized that it is the combination of ubiquitous transcription factors working in concert in the host cell that determines the cell-type-specific expression. To study if HPV tropism could be determined by differences in transcriptional regulation we have cloned the transcriptional regulating region, LCR, from HPV-16 and HPV-5 and studied the activation of a reporter gene in cell lines with different origin. To analyse promoter activity we transfected the plasmids into four different cell lines; HaCaT, C33A, NIKS and W12E and the efficiency of HPV-5 and HPV-16 LCR in the different cell lines was compared. In HaCaT cells, with a skin origin, the HPV-5 LCR was two-fold more efficient in transcriptional activation compared to the HPV-16 LCR. In cervical W12E cells the HPV-16 LCR was almost 2-fold more effective in activating transcription compared to the HPV-5 LCR. The ability to initiate transcription in the other cell lines was independent on cell origin and HPV-type.
Developmental stage related patterns of codon usage and genomic GC content: searching for evolutionary fingerprints with models of stem cell differentiation
Authors: Ren Lichen , Gao Ge , Zhao Dongxin , Ding Mingxiao , Luo Jingchu , Deng Hongkui 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Background
The usage of synonymous codons shows considerable variation among mammalian genes. How and why this usage is non-random are fundamental biological questions and remain controversial. It is also important to explore whether mammalian genes that are selectively expressed at different developmental stages bear different molecular features.

Results
In two models of mouse stem cell differentiation, we established correlations between codon usage and the patterns of gene expression. We found that the optimal codons exhibited variation (AT- or GC-ending codons) in different cell types within the developmental hierarchy. We also found that genes that were enriched (developmental-pivotal genes) or specifically expressed (developmental-specific genes) at different developmental stages had different patterns of codon usage and local genomic GC (GCg) content. Moreover, at the same developmental stage, developmental-specific genes generally used more GC-ending codons and had higher GCg content compared with developmental-pivotal genes. Further analyses suggest that the model of translational selection might be consistent with the developmental stage-related patterns of codon usage, especially for the AT-ending optimal codons. In addition, our data show that after human-mouse divergence, the influence of selective constraints is still detectable.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that developmental stage-related patterns of gene expression are correlated with codon usage (GC3) and GCg content in stem cell hierarchies. Moreover, this paper provides evidence for the influence of natural selection at synonymous sites in the mouse genome and novel clues for linking the molecular features of genes to their patterns of expression during mammalian ontogenesis.
Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Kohli Sadhna , Griggs Jennifer J. , Roscoe Joseph A. , Jean-Pierre Pascal , Bole Christopher , Mustian Karen M. , Hill Renae , Smith Kelly , Gross Howard , Morrow Gary R. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose Cancer patients often report cognitive impairment, manifested as problems with concentration and memory, following cancer therapy. As part of a large multicenter survey of cancer patients undergoing treatment, we investigated the frequency and severity of self-reported problems with memory and concentration over time. Methods A total of 595 patients undergoing treatment for solid tumors self-rated problems with memory and concentration, using an 11-point Likert scale (0 = “not present” to 10 = “as bad as you can imagine”) at baseline before treatment began (T1), at their worst during treatment (T2), and at 6 months following treatment (T3). Any symptom level ≥ 7 was classified as “severe.” Paired or independent t tests (as appropriate) with a Bonferroni correction were used to examine differences in symptoms over time and between patients treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Results Concentration problems were reported by 48% of the 595 participants at T1 (5% severe), 67% at T2 (18% severe), and 58% (8% severe) at T3. Problems with memory were reported by 53% at T1 (4% severe), 67% (18% severe) at T2, and 68% (11% severe) at T3. The average frequency and severity of both symptoms in patients receiving chemotherapy, with or without radiation, increased significantly between T1 and T2 (P < .001). Both symptoms were less severe in patients receiving radiation alone at all three measurements than in either of the chemotherapy groups (all P values < .001). Symptoms at T3 were significantly higher than T1 for all groups (P < .001). Conclusion A significant proportion of patients undergoing cancer therapy self-report problems with memory and concentration. Cognitive problems get worse during treatment and are still in evidence 6 months following the conclusion of treatments.
The clinical significance of immunoglobulin A deficiency
Authors: Latiff Amir H Abdul , Kerr Michael A 
Published: March 2007

IgA deficiency is the most common primary immunoglobulin deficiency. The prevalence in Caucasians is around one in 500, whereas in some Asian populations it is very uncommon. Most individuals with IgA deficiency are clinically asymptomatic. Those with symptoms of immunodeficiency have predominantly sinopulmonary or gastrointestinal infections, which are more severe when associated with IgG2, IgG4 or specific antibody deficiency. IgA deficiency is believed to be one end of a spectrum of immunodeficiency with common variable immunodeficiency at the most severe end. Although primary IgA deficiency is the most commonly encountered form, secondary deficiencies due to drugs or viral infections are recognized. IgA deficiencies can be partial or transient Primary IgA deficiency is caused by a defect of terminal lymphocyte differentiation, which leads to underproduction of serum and mucosal IgA; affected individuals have normal IgA genes. A number of non-immunoglobulin genes have been implicated in IgA deficiency. There have been many diseases reported in association with IgA deficiency, particularly autoimmune diseases. The most common association is with coeliac disease (CD), which has special significance since CD is usually diagnosed by detection of specific IgA antibodies that are obviously lacking in IgA deficiency. There is no specific treatment for patients with symptomatic IgA deficiency. Antibiotics are prescribed in those with acute infections. A significant proportion of IgA-deficient individuals are reported to have anti-IgA antibodies in their serum. Although blood or blood products given to IgA-deficient individuals can lead to severe, even fatal, transfusion reactions, such reactions are rare.
Haemolysis in neonatal blood samples: a survey of practice
Authors: Joshi S , Vaitkute R , Jeffery J , Ayling R M 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To survey how laboratories report, and neonatologists perceive them to report, the presence of haemolysis in neonatal blood samples. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to clinical biochemists and neonatologists in 88 hospitals believed to be using Roche methodology. Results: A 49% response rate was obtained. Seventeen hospitals were excluded from analysis owing to incomplete questionnaires or altered methodology. Of the remaining 71 hospitals, 30 (42%) laboratories and 18 (25%) neonatologists responded - where both responded, none gave identical replies. Eighteen laboratories admitted the use of serum indices to make decisions on haemolysed samples. Although recommended interference limits are available from Roche, there was little consensus between laboratories. Conclusions: Laboratories should have clear guidelines on the processing of haemolysed samples from neonates and these should be adequately communicated to those responsible for their direct care.
Dinitrophenyl derivatization of imino acids, spectral characteristics and HPLC analysis: application in urinary peptide-derived hydroxyproline and proline assay
Authors: Badadani Mallikarjun , Suresh Babu S V , Shetty K Taranath 
Published: March 2007

Background: Assay of urinary imino acids, in particular peptide derived, is of immense utility in diagnosis of collagen-related disorders. The often-used methods for hydrolysis of urinary peptides need a long time and are cumbersome, hence the need for relatively simpler, but effective methods. Methods: The method described, based on alkaline hydrolysis by autoclaving for 60 min followed by pre-column dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, demonstrates the complete hydrolysis and stability of urinary peptide derived imino acids. Results: DNP derivatives of both imino acids had identical λ max (380 nm) with molar &epsi; of 28.224 x 103 and 17.036 x 103, respectively, for hydroxyproline (Hyp) and proline (Pro). HPLC run, extending up to 18 min, resolved major components of collagen products, namely Hyp, Hyl, Gly, Pro and Lys, with retention times of 6.5, 9.8, 10.5, 11.2 and 12.55 min, respectively. The assay method conformed to linear response for individual amino acid concentrations of 0.5-4.0 nmol per injection, with goodness of fit ( r2 value) 0.99 for both Hyp and Pro, and detection limit of 0.05-4.0 nmol of DNP derivatives. The recovery of Pro and Hyp, when spiked with urine prior to hydrolysis, were found to be 95% and 92%, respectively. Conclusion: Alkaline hydrolysis by autoclaving and DNP derivatization of imino acids followed by HPLC provides a method for the analysis of peptide-derived Hyp and Pro in urine. Hence, it is of utility to study collagen disorders.
Investigations on the Performance of Concrete Made with Blended Finely Milled Waste Glass
Authors: Metwally Ibrahim M. 
Published: March 2007

Non-recyclable waste glass, which is produced from fluorescent lamps factories, constitutes a problem for solid waste disposal in various countries worldwide. Thereby, the accumulation of waste glass in the plants, not being used, represents not only a significant loss of money and energy by occupying a big area from plants but also a negative impact on the environment. This study is considered of significant interest in the development of environmentally friendly concrete containing waste glass. Using waste glass as a construction material is a good way to help the environment following grinding and its use in concrete as a partial replacement for cement by weight. Five different concrete mixes with various percentages of finely milled waste glass (FMWG) were prepared. The test results showed that the FMWG has pozzolanic characteristics and using it as a mineral admixture in concrete, had a bad effect on workability, but improved considerably the mechanical properties of concrete at later ages. The optimum percentage of FMWG that gives the maximum values of compressive, splitting tensile and bond strengths is 10%. Results also showed that expansion due to alkali-silica reaction was minimized obviously by increase in the FMWG content.