bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectious and sepsis presentations to, and hospital admissions from emergency departments in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Flacks Nathaniel , Martin Catherine , Liew Danny , Walker Katie , Jones Daryl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the frequency and outcomes of adult infectious and sepsis presentations to, and hospital admissions from, Emergency Departments (EDs) in Victoria, Australia.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset and Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset. We included adults (age ≥ 18 years) presenting to an ED, or admitted to hospital from ED in Victoria between July 2017 and June 2018. One‐year mortality was analysed until June 2019 using the Victorian Death Index, and ICD‐10 coding was used to identify cases.ResultsAmong 1.28 million ED presentations over 1 year, 12.00% and 0.45% were coded with infectious and sepsis diagnoses, respectively. Despite having lower triage categories, patients with infections were more likely to be admitted to hospital (50.4% vs 44.9%), but not directly to ICU (0.8%). Patients coded with sepsis were assigned higher triage categories and required hospital admission much more frequently (96.4% vs 44.9%), including to ICU (15.9% vs 0.8%). Patients presenting with infections and sepsis had increased risk of 1‐year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.44 and 4.13, respectively). Of the 648 280 hospital admissions from the ED, infection and sepsis were coded in 23.69% and 2.66%, respectively, and the adjusted odds ratio for 1‐year mortality were 1.64 and 4.79, respectively.ConclusionsInfections and sepsis are common causes of presentation to, and admission from the ED in Victoria. Such patients experience higher mortality than non‐infectious patients, even after adjusting for age. There is a need to identify modifiable factors contributing to these outcomes.
Rainfall during the night can trigger non‐migratory take‐off behavior of the white‐backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera
Authors: Yang Haibo , Feng Yunlong , Zhu Pinhong , Li Dingxu , Hu Gao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTake‐off behavior is crucial to the overall success of insect migration. Although most high‐altitude migratory flights commence with mass take‐offs around dusk and dawn, little is known about nighttime take‐off behavior. The take‐off behavior of migratory Sogatella furcifera was investigated in field cages from 2017 to 2019. The species showed a bimodal take‐off pattern at dusk and dawn on rainless nights, with mass flight at dusk more intense than dawn flight. However, a higher frequency of take‐offs during the nighttime was observed on rainy nights, resulting in the absence of dawn take‐offs. Most migratory take‐off individuals at dusk and dawn landed on the cage top or the walls above 150 cm, while non‐migratory individuals that took off during the nighttime due to rainfall mainly landed on the cage walls below 150 cm. Furthermore, it has been observed that migratory take‐off individuals possess stronger sustained flight capabilities and exhibit more immature ovaries compared with non‐migratory take‐offs. These findings advance our understanding of the take‐off behavior of S. furcifera and thus provide a basis for the accurate prediction and management of the migratory dynamics of this pest.
Genetic variation in the triosephosphate isomerase gene of the fall armyworm and its distribution across China
Authors: Liang Xin‐Yue , Zhang Lei , Li Hong‐Ran , Niu Xiao‐Ping , Xiao Yu‐Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has colonized and caused consistent damage in the Eastern hemisphere. The identification of various FAW strains is essential for developing precise prevention and control measures. The triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) gene is recognized as an effective marker closely linked to FAW subpopulations. However, most current studies primarily focus on the comparison of variations in specific gene sites of this gene. In this study, we conducted full‐length sequencing of the Tpi genes from 5 representative FAW groups. Our findings revealed that the Tpi genes varied in length from 1220 to 1420 bp, with the primary variation occurring within 4 introns. Notably, the exon lengths remained consistent, at 747 bp, with 37 observed base variations; however, no amino acid variations were detected. Through sequence alignment, we identified 8 stable variation sites that can be used to distinguish FAW strains in the Eastern hemisphere. Additionally, we performed strain identification on 1569 FAW samples collected from 19 provinces in China between 2020 and 2021. The extensive analysis indicated the absence of the rice strain in the samples. Instead, we only detected the presence of the corn strain and the Zambia strain, with the Zambia strain being distributed in a very low proportion (3.44%). Furthermore, the corn strain could be further categorized into 2 subgroups. This comprehensive study provides a valuable reference for enhancing our understanding of FAW population differentiation and for improving monitoring and early warning efforts.
Imaging of supra‐thoracic tuberculosis
Authors: Kanthawang Thanat , Pattamapaspong Nuttaya , Hammami Nadia , Bouaziz Mouna Chelli , Ladeb Mohamed Fethi , Kongmebhol Pailin , Peh Wilfred CG 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTuberculosis (TB) typically affects the lungs, but may involve many extra‐pulmonary sites; with the latter especially prone in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The clinical features of extra‐pulmonary TB are often non‐specific, mimicking many different disease entities. Application of the most appropriate imaging modality and knowing the imaging findings with clinical context awareness help initiation of further investigations, diagnosis and early treatment. This pictorial essay highlights the imaging spectrum of extra‐pulmonary TB affecting the supra‐thoracic region, i.e. brain, neck, and ear, nose and throat.
Prehospital point‐of‐care ultrasound in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lauridsen Signe Voigt , Bøtker Morten Thingemann , Eldrup Nikolaj , Juhl‐Olsen Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) require immediate vascular treatment to survive. The use of prehospital point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) may support clinical assessment, correct diagnosis, appropriate triage and reduce system delay. The aim was to study the process of care and outcome in patients receiving prehospital POCUS versus patients not receiving prehospital POCUS in patients with rAAA, ruptured iliac aneurysm or impending aortic rupture.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in patients diagnosed with rAAA in the Central Denmark Region treated by a prehospital critical care physician from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. Performance of prehospital POCUS was extracted from the prehospital electronic health records. System delay was defined as the time from the emergency phone call to the emergency medical service dispatch centre until the start of surgery. Data on patients primary hospital admission to a centre with/without vascular treatment expertise, treatments and complications including death were extracted from electronic health records.ResultsWe included 169 patients; prehospital POCUS was performed in 124 patients (73%). Emergency surgical treatment was performed in 71 patients. The overall survival in the POCUS group was 39% versus 16% in the NO POCUS group (hazard ratio (HR) (95% 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41–0.89, p = .011). In the POCUS group 99/124 (80%) were directly admitted to a vascular surgical centre versus 25/45 (56%) in the NO POCUS, RD 24% (95% CI: 8–40)), (p = .002). In the POCUS group, system delay was a median of 142 minutes (interquartile range (IQR) 121–189) and a median of 232 minutes (IQR 166–305) in the NO POCUS group (p = .006). In a multivariable analysis incorporating age, sex, previously known rAAA, and typical clinical symptoms of rAAA, the HR for death was 0.57, 95% CI 0.38–0.86 (p = .008) favouring prehospital POCUS.ConclusionsPrehospital POCUS was associated with reduced time to treatment, higher chance of operability and significantly higher 30‐day survival in patients with rAAA, ruptured iliac aneurysm or impending rupture of an AAA in this retrospective study. Residual confounding cannot be excluded. This study supports the clinical relevance of prehospital POCUS of the abdominal aorta.
Alterations of the gut microbiome are associated with epigenetic age acceleration and physical fitness
Authors: Torma Ferenc , Kerepesi Csaba , Jókai Mátyás , Babszki Gergely , Koltai Erika , Ligeti Balázs , Kalcsevszki Regina , McGreevy Kristen M. , Horvath Steve , Radák Zsolt 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEpigenetic clocks can measure aging and predict the incidence of diseases and mortality. Higher levels of physical fitness are associated with a slower aging process and a healthier lifespan. Microbiome alterations occur in various diseases and during the aging process, yet their relation to epigenetic clocks is not explored. To fill this gap, we collected metagenomic (from stool), epigenetic (from blood), and exercise‐related data from physically active individuals and, by applying epigenetic clocks, we examined the relationship between gut flora, blood‐based epigenetic age acceleration, and physical fitness. We revealed that an increased entropy in the gut microbiome of physically active middle‐aged/old individuals is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging, decreased fitness, or impaired health status. We also observed that a slower epigenetic aging and higher fitness level can be linked to altered abundance of some bacterial species often linked to anti‐inflammatory effects. Overall our data suggest that alterations in the microbiome can be associated with epigenetic age acceleration and physical fitness.
Does temporary land retirement promote organic adoption? Evidence from the Conservation Reserve Program
Authors: Wing Hannah , Bigelow Daniel P. , Fuller Kate Binzen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) allows agricultural producers to temporarily remove environmentally sensitive farmland from production in exchange for a yearly rental payment. While enrolled in the CRP, land typically complies with standards for organic certification, which prohibit the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers for three years prior to harvest. In this paper, we study the extent to which recent participation in the CRP promotes organic certification. We do so by estimating the relationship between exiting CRP contracts and new organic certifications at the county level over the years 2011–2020. Our primary results are based on an instrumental variables estimator, where we use the number of expiring CRP contracts as an instrument for endogenous net‐exiting CRP contracts. We find that the exit of land from the CRP leads to increases in organic adoption, and estimate a 0.029% increase in new organic operations in response to a 1% increase in net‐exiting CRP contracts. By highlighting this important co‐effect of the CRP, our analysis contributes to contemporary discussions exploring the long‐term linkages between land conservation policies, organic agriculture, and other conservation practices.
Conventional in vitro fertilisation rather than intracytoplasmic sperm injection when only one oocyte is retrieved: Time to overcome irrational fears
Authors: Pisaturo Valerio , Reschini Marco , Guarneri Cristina , Sanzani Elena , Paffoni Alessio , Somigliana Edgardo 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThe use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) currently extends beyond male factor infertility, notably replacing conventional in vitro fertilisation (IVF) in scenarios like limited oocyte availability, where it is used as a precaution against complete fertilisation failure. While existing studies on the use of conventional IVF in such situations provide some reassurance, the available evidence is somewhat insufficient and ICSI is commonly used.AimsTo evaluate whether conventional IVF can be a feasible option when only one oocyte is retrieved.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was performed to evaluate the fertilisation rate with conventional IVF in women retrieving only one oocyte and whose partner had normal semen. The study aimed at evaluating whether the fertilisation rate was aligned with the threshold indicated by recognized IVF laboratory performance indicators (Vienna Consensus). Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were secondary outcomes.ResultsOut of 304 cycles with a single oocyte inseminated with conventional IVF, 209 achieved normal fertilisation and 82 did not. Thirteen had no mature oocytes. The fertilisation rate was 69% (95% CI: 63–74%) and increased to 72% (95% CI: 66–77%) when immature oocytes were excluded. The fertilisation rate surpassed the minimum competency threshold of the Vienna Consensus (60%), even if below the benchmark value (75%). Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates per oocyte retrieval were 10% and 8%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses failed to identify any predictive factor of fertilisation.ConclusionConventional IVF with one oocyte met Vienna Consensus standards even if it fell short of higher benchmarks.
The ornamentation steps of the Bull Rotunda of the Lascaux cave give new insights into the Upper Palaeolithic natural life cycle
Authors: Reiche Ina , Vignaud Colette , Chalmin Emilie , Menu Michel , Geneste Jean‐Michel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough the ornamentation of the Lascaux cave seems relatively homogeneous in style, the analysis by scanning and transmission electron microscopy of 32 microsamples from the figures of the Hall of the Bulls (Bull Rotunda) and one desquamated sample from the soil highlighted different paint pots. The black and red paint matters with their associated mineralogical phases were extensively characterized. Considering previous stylistic and superimposition studies, we were eventually able to confirm five creation steps of monothematic figures (‘assemblages’) based on the chemical and mineralogical characteristics. Further interpretations in terms of the rhythm and temporal framework of the Hall of the Bulls (Bull Rotunda) of the Lascaux cave could be reinforced. Some particular representations such as the black cave bear and one of the cross‐shaped signs were shown to be likely added at later moments by different hands because their paint pots were different from those of the Bull Rotunda and similar to that of other representations in deeper rooms of the Lascaux cave. We also found that the paint matter of the Bull Rotunda was different than those of other Palaeolithic cave sites on a more regional scale indicating a very local sourcing.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer in a patient with a horseshoe kidney: A case report
Authors: Shoji Ryohei , Teraishi Fuminori , Matsumi Yuki , Kashima Hajime , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 52‐year‐old, Japanese man presented to the hospital with a complaint of anal bleeding, and detailed examination resulted in a diagnosis of locally advanced rectal cancer. The patient underwent total neoadjuvant therapy followed by short‐course radiation therapy and consolidation chemotherapy, which provided a partial response. After preoperative contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed a horseshoe kidney, robot‐assisted, precise, laparoscopic, low anterior resection with D3 dissection and ileostomy construction was performed. The horseshoe renal isthmus was elevated surrounding the inferior mesenteric artery, and the left ureter and seminal vessels ran in front of the kidney. The hypogastric nerve traveled ventral to the horseshoe kidney. With robotic surgery, it was possible to perform more precise surgery while recognizing vascular and nerve anatomy in a rectal cancer patient with a horseshoe kidney due to good three‐dimensional visibility and articulated forceps manipulation.
Regulation of depressive‐like behaviours by palmitoylation: Role of AKAP150 in the basolateral amygdala
Authors: Wang Si‐Ying , Xia Zhi‐Xuan , Yang Shao‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Kai , Zhao Yue‐Ling , Li Meng‐Die , Tian Dan , Pan Yue , Lin Xiao‐Shan , Zhu Xiao‐Qian , Huang Zhen , Liu Jian‐Min , Lai Zhong‐Meng , Tao Wu‐Cheng , Shen Zu‐Cheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeProtein palmitoylation is involved in learning and memory, and in emotional disorders. Yet, the underlying mechanisms in these processes remain unclear. Herein, we describe that A‐kinase anchoring protein 150 (AKAP150) is essential and sufficient for depressive‐like behaviours in mice via a palmitoylation‐dependent mechanism.Experimental ApproachDepressive‐like behaviours in mice were induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Palmitoylated proteins in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) were assessed by an acyl‐biotin exchange assay. Genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to investigate the role of the DHHC2‐mediated AKAP150 palmitoylation signalling pathway in depressive‐like behaviours. Electrophysiological recording, western blotting and co‐immunoprecipitation were performed to define the mechanistic pathway.Key ResultsChronic stress successfully induced depressive‐like behaviours in mice and enhanced AKAP150 palmitoylation in the BLA, and a palmitoylation inhibitor was enough to reverse these changes. Blocking the AKAP150‐PKA interaction with the peptide Ht‐31 abolished the CRS‐induced AKAP150 palmitoylation signalling pathway. DHHC2 expression and palmitoylation levels were both increased after chronic stress. DHHC2 knockdown prevented CRS‐induced depressive‐like behaviours, as well as attenuating AKAP150 signalling and synaptic transmission in the BLA in CRS‐treated mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results delineate that DHHC2 modulates chronic stress‐induced depressive‐like behaviours and synaptic transmission in the BLA via the AKAP150 palmitoylation signalling pathway, and this pathway may be considered as a promising novel therapeutic target for major depressive disorder.
Salivary metabolomic biomarkers for non‐invasive lung cancer detection
Authors: Kajiwara Naohiro , Kakihana Masatoshi , Maeda Junichi , Kaneko Miku , Ota Sana , Enomoto Ayame , Ikeda Norihiko , Sugimoto Masahiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIdentifying novel biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer is crucial. Non‐invasively available saliva is an ideal biofluid for biomarker exploration; however, the rationale underlying biomarker detection from organs distal to the oral cavity in saliva requires clarification. Therefore, we analyzed metabolomic profiles of cancer tissues compared with those of adjacent non‐cancerous tissues, as well as plasma and saliva samples collected from patients with lung cancer (n = 109 pairs). Additionally, we analyzed plasma and saliva samples collected from control participants (n = 83 and 71, respectively). Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry were performed to comprehensively quantify hydrophilic metabolites. Paired tissues were compared, revealing 53 significantly different metabolites. Plasma and saliva showed 44 and 40 significantly different metabolites, respectively, between patients and controls. Of these, 12 metabolites exhibited significant differences in all three comparisons and primarily belonged to the polyamine and amino acid pathways; N1‐acetylspermidine exhibited the highest discrimination ability. A combination of 12 salivary metabolites was evaluated using a machine learning method to differentiate patients with lung cancer from controls. Salivary data were randomly split into training and validation datasets. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.744 for cross‐validation using training data and 0.792 for validation data. This model exhibited a higher discrimination ability for N1‐acetylspermidine than that for other metabolites. The probability of lung cancer calculated using this model was independent of most patient characteristics. These results suggest that consistently different salivary biomarkers in both plasma and lung tissues might facilitate non‐invasive lung cancer screening.
An integrative model of parent‐infant communication development
Authors: Lipschits Or , Geva Ronny 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCommunication is commonly viewed as connecting people through conscious symbolic processes. Infants have an immature communication toolbox, raising the question of how they form a sense of connectedness. In this article, we propose a framework for infants' communication, emphasizing the subtle unconscious behaviors and autonomic contingent signals that convey drives, emotions, and a sense of connection, facilitating the formation of primal social bonds. Our developmental model emphasizes the importance of diverse modes of communication and their interplay in social interactions during infancy. The framework leverages three levels of communication—autonomic, behavioral, and symbolic—and their different maturational pathways. Initially, infants' social communication relies on autonomic responses and a dynamic behavioral repertoire, which evolve during the first year of life, supporting the emergence of symbolic communication. This extended communication framework highlights infants' role as proactive communicating agents and allows for tracing communicative developmental cascades back to their origins.
Multi‐armed bandits, Thomson sampling and unsupervised machine learning in phylogenetic graph search
Authors: Wheeler Ward C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA phylogenetic graph search relies on a large number of highly parameterized search procedures (e.g. branch‐swapping, perturbation, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm). These procedures vary in effectiveness over datasets and at alternative points in analytical pipelines. The multi‐armed bandit problem is applied to phylogenetic graph searching to more effectively utilize these procedures. Thompson sampling is applied to a collection of search and optimization “bandits” to favour productive search strategies over those that are less successful. This adaptive random sampling strategy is shown to be more effective in producing heuristically optimal phylogenetic graphs and more time efficient than existing uniform probability randomized search strategies. The strategy acts as a form of unsupervised machine learning that can be applied to a diversity of phylogenetic datasets without prior knowledge of their properties.