bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase Study of Sodium Soap - Sodium Silicate - Water Systems
Authors: Kimura Yasushi , Shimo Terunosuke , Sekiguchi Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Tc temperatures of sodium soap - sodium silicate - water systems, which are important but are usually neglected, have been determined using a silicate with an SiO2/Na2O weight ratio of 2.1, and six single soaps or their mixtures. It has been found that there is a characteristic tendency arising from the structure of the fatty acids of the soaps, saturated (higher or lower) and unsaturated (cis or trans). The Tc values of the saturated - fatty acid soap systems increase linearly in proportion to the silicate in the system. The Tc value curves of the unsaturated soaps are rather complicated. Their Tc values, while the contents of the silicate in the system are small, are relatively lower than those for the former, but when the silicate concentrations increase to relatively large amounts, the Tc values are elevated rapidly. This inclination is more remarkable for cis unsaturated soap than for the trans isomer.
In the system of the mixed soaps, there is a complex mutual effect. By the combination with a lower saturated-soap, the solubility of the higher saturated-soap is increased, and by the combination with a saturated soap, the tendency of unsaturated soap to salt out is substantially prevented. Consequently, the rising of the Tc curve for unsaturated soap becomes mild.
As a rule, the Tc values determined, therefore, are lower than those estimated from the Tc values for the ingredient soaps. It seems that, in order to increase the amount of builder which can be added to the soap of higher saturated-fatty acid, combination with a lower saturated-soap is suitable.
Moreover, in the case of the sodium laurate sodium oleate - water system, it has been shown that the mixing ratio of the two-single soaps influences the Tc value greatly.
The Mechanism of the Base-Promoted Rearrangement of N,N-Dichlorodiphenylethylamine to Desylamine
Authors: Oae Shigeru , Furukawa Naomichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N,N-Dichloro -1,2-diphenylethylamine-1- 14C has been treated with sodium methoxide in methanol and then with hydrochloric acid to yield 14C-labeled desylamine hydrochloride Successive degradations have revealed that practically all the 14C activity was found in the carbonyl carbon. From the 14C distribution, it has been concluded that the reaction is essentially the same as that proposed for the Neber rearrangement, which involves the formation of the azirine ring intermediate.
Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Anthracene-s-Trinitrobenzene Complex Crystal
Authors: Tanaka Jiro , Yoshihara Keitaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of the single crystal of the anthracene-s-trinitrobenzene complex have been measured, and the polarization property of electronic transitions has been discussed in terms of interaction between the no-bond structure, the charge transfer and the locally-excited state of anthracene.
It has been shown that molecules in a pair are displaced to a closer position after the excitation, whereby the mixing of the donor-excited level occurs more than in the ground state (Frank-Condon state), and the fluorescence involves a larger contribution from the in-plane transition of anthracene.
Organic Photochemical Reactions. I. The Synthesis of Substituted Oxetanes by the Photoaddition of Aldehydes to Furans
Authors: Toki Susumu , Shima Kensuke , Sakurai Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical reaction of aldehydes (propionaldehyde and benzaldehyde) and furan have been studied in the liquid phase; two new compounds, oxetanes I and II have easily been produced with a high purity by this photo-reaction.
In the case of 2-methylfuran and propionaldehyde (or benzaldehyde), a mixture of oxetanes III and IV (or V and VI) has also been obtained.
Semiconducting Properties of Tetramethylammonium Polyiodides and the Irradiation Effect
Authors: Kawai Shichio , Kiriyama Ryôiti , Uchida Madoka , Kusabayashi Shigekazu , Mikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Measurements of the temperature-dependence of d.c. conductivity have been made with tetramethylammonium polyiodide in different crystallographic directions, perpendicular to and parallel to the nets of iodine atoms. The systematic increase in the number of iodine atoms from tetramethylammonium triiodide to tetramethylammonium enneaiodide is accompanied by a gradual increase in conductivity. The activation energy for the conductivity along the iodine net is determined mainly by the shortest distance between polyiodide ions. Such as in the case of crystalline iodine, hole conduction is predominant in polyiodide crystals. From the standpoint of structural considerations and the values of the activation energies, the fundamental process in the hole conduction seems essentially be the same in both polyiodides and solid elementary iodine.
The irradiation effects on the electrical conduction may be classified distinctly into two types: (i) the effects of irradiation which can easily be removed by annealing above about 30°C, and (ii) the effects which can not be overcome by heat treatment below 70°C. The conductivity increases on X-irradiation, indicating the production of some acceptor levels, while the conductivity decreases with γ-irradiation, a phenomenon which may be attributed to some sort of donor level formation.
The Kinetics of the Acid-catalyzed Transformation of Peroxybenzoic Acids to Acetyl Benzoyl Peroxides in Acetic Acid
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Furuya Yoshiaki , Aoki Keizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been confirmed by paper chromatography that peroxybenzoic acid in acetic acid is transformed reversibly to acetyl benzoyl peroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid. The rate satisfies the first order equation for reversible reactions. The plot of the logarithm of the forward rate constant vs. the acidity function has given a straight line with a slope of −0.96. The rate decreases upon the introduction of an electronattracting group to the benzene ring of peroxybenzoic acid, the Hammett’s ρ-value being −0.37. A mechanism analogous to that postulated previously with peroxyacetic acid, which involves a rate-determining attack of protonated acetic acid on peroxybenzoic acids, is consistent with these facts.
Study of Nickel Oxide-Silica-Alumina Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization. III. The Performance of the Catalysts in Ethylene Polymerization and Butene Isomer Formation and Its Dependence on the Nickel Oxide Content
Authors: Imai Hisao , Uchida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The activity of nickel oxide-silica-alumina catalysts in ethylene , polymerization and the selectivity in the formation of three n-butene isomers as the primary products have been studied by employing a series of catalysts with identical aluminum contents but different nickel contents. Also studied have been the changes brought about by nickel removal in the catalyst acidity and in the specific surface area.
In the series of catalysts studied, the specific activity, i. e., the activity per unit surface area of the catalyst, increases with the increasing nickel content of the catalyst, attaining a maximum at 3 atm.% nickel. When the specific activity is plotted against the difference between the specific acidity values observed before and after the removal of nickel, the plot falls approximately on the straight line obtained with a series of catalysts which are the same in nickel content but different in aluminum content. On the other hand, for all the catalysts used in the present and previous studies, the selectivity is more closely related to the Al/Ni ratio than to either aluminum content or nickel content.
Two kinds of active sites have been presented in order to explain the present observations. One kind of active site is the nickel acid site, which contributes to the polymerization of ethylene while facilitating the isomerization to some extent. The other site is the aluminum acid site in contact with the former; it contributes to the initial-bond shift.
Ferrocene-containing Polymers. IV. Polymeric Ethers as Intermediates in the Self-condensation of Ferrocenyl Carbinols
Authors: Neuse Eberhard W , Quo Edward 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The acid-catalyzed polycondensation of ferrocenylphenylcarbinol Ic under controlled, mild reaction conditions gives rise to the formation of low-molecular, ferrocene-containing polymeric ethers, to which, on the basis of elemental analysis, infrared and NMR spectro-scopic data, the structure IIIf is assigned. Monomeric ether IIIc is isolated in addition under these conditions. In the presence of Lewis acids at elevated temperatures, ethers Illf continue to react, with the elimination of the ether bridge, to give polymers identical with the previously reported oxygen-free compounds IIc, which were obtained directly from Ic under more rigorous conditions. In the previous work, polymers IIIf containing an ether group were postulated as intermediates but were not isolated. The observed formation of such polymers under the present experimental conditions, coupled with their successful post-condensation to IIc, is thus in accord with the earlier mechanistic implications.
Effects of Pressure on the Chemical Properties of the Solid Surface. I. Surface Acidities of Some Compressed Sulfates and Bisulfate
Authors: Ogino Yoshisada , Kawakami Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Compression of potassium bisulfate and certain other metal sulfate has been shown to cause an increase in their surface acidities. This increase in surface acidity has been correlated with dehydration of the compressed sample, and X-ray diffraction studies have revealed that dehydration is accompanied by minor structural changes involving the formation of a less hydrated substance.
In those sulfates where compression produced little or no change in the surface acidity, the extent of the dehydration from the compressed sample was meager, and X-ray diffraction studies proved that neither the formation of a new substance nor a great change in the crystal structure resulted from the compression.
Infrared Spectra of Urea Complexes of Copper(II) n-Alkanoates
Authors: Kuroda Yoko , Sasano Akira , Kubo Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared absorption spectra of various urea complexes of copper(II) carboxylates were recorded and the assignments of observed frequencies have been carried out to various modes of vibration. On the basis of comparison of the observed spectra with those of related compounds, it is concluded that copper(II) carboxylate monoureas and hemiureas form dimer molecules in crystals as in copper(II) acetate monohydrate, that copper(II) formate bisurea dihydrate has a crystal structure bearing resemblance to that of copper(II) formate tetrahydrate, and that urea molecules in these urea complexes are involved in bonding by electrostatic forces or hydrogen bondings instead of being bonded to copper atoms by coordination bonds.
Studies of the Cage Effect of Solvents. V. The Photolysis of Azoethane in n-Heptane
Authors: Kodama Sukeya , Fujita Shin’ichi , Takeishi Junsuke , Toyama Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of a solvent cage on the photolysis of azoethane in n-heptane was investigated at 366 mμ, in the temperature range from −75 to 99°C. Among the gaseous products, nitrogen served as a measure of the azoethane decomposed. The other gaseous products were n-butane, ethane and ethylene; these three hydrocarbons accounted for ninety per cent of the decomposition at 0°C. The quantum yield of nitrogen was found to decrease with a lowering of the temperature. The value obtained at 0°C was 0.021. In the presence of a sufficient amount of styrene, which was used as a scavenger for ethyl radicals, the yields of the gaseous hydrocarbons were more or less reduced to constant values; from these the ratio of rate constants for the combination and disproportionation of the geminate ethyl radicals formed by the photolysis in a solvent cage was determined to be kcomb⁄kdisp=11.5exp(−371⁄RT). The fraction of ethyl radicals that reacted in these ways in the solvent cage, before escaping it, was dependent on the temperature; it decreased from 0.838 at −75°C to 0.467 at 99°C. In the absence of styrene, the reactions for ethyl radicals that escaped the original solvent cages were inferred to be hydrogen abstraction, addition, combination and disproportionation.
The Reaction between Phenol and Formaldehyde in Non-Aqueous Media. I. The Kinetics of the Reaction Catalyzed by Boron Trifluoride - Etherate
Authors: Murayama Shin’ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The papers of this series are kinetic studies of the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde in non-aqueous media; this reaction has, however, not been investigated as thoroughly as the reactions in aqueous media. During the course of the reaction, the reactants and products have been determined by gas chromatography. Within the range of low conversion, the overall reaction between phenol and methylal may be represented by:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
Moreover, the kinetic equation and the apparent activation energy have been estimated as follows :
\fracd[methel alcohol]dt=−\fracd[phenol]dt=\frack[phenol]2[methylal]0[catalyst]1[methyl alcohol]3 E\doteqdot18.6 kcl./mol.
At the same time, methyl phenyl formal is detected as an intermediate in the reaction system. Judging from these experimental results, it seems that the acetal exchange reaction, and the substitution on aromatics proceed concurrently and consecutively in the complex system.
The Reaction between Phenol and Formaldehyde in Non-Aqueous Media. II. The Behavior of Methyl Phenyl Formal in the Reaction Catalyzed by Boron Trifluoride - Etherate
Authors: Murayama Shin’ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl phenyl formal (MPF) is one of the most important intermediates in the acid-catalyzed reaction between phenol and methylal in non-aqueous media. On the acidic decomposition of MPF itself, phenol and methylal are mainly produced, along with a small amount of methyl alcohol at the first step; at the same time, there exists an equilibrium state between the reactants and the products. At the second step, the phenol produced is gradually consumed, and the reaction eventually yields methyl alcohol and such condensation products of phenol as methoxymethylphenol and dioxydiphenylmethane. Thus, the acetal exchange proceeds faster than the substitution on aromatics. On the other hand, the acidic decomposition of MPF is retarded remarkably by methyl alcohol, considerably by methylal, and fairly much by phenol. This behavior of MPF can be explained by its interaction with the catalyst and the opposing reactions with it. As a result, the reaction of MPF can better be understood.
The Reaction between Phenol and Formaldehyde in Non-Aqueous Media. III. The Mechanism of the Reaction Catalyzed by Boron Tifluoride - Etherate
Authors: Murayama Shin’ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the previous papers of this series, the reaction between phenol and methylal in non-aqueous media has been investigated by means of the experimental characterization of the kinetic system; a plausible reaction scheme has thus been presented. The object of the present paper is to make a mathematical characterization of the kinetic system, a kinetic equation has been obtained by calculation based on the probable reaction scheme; it has been found to be in good agreement with the kinetic equation obtained experimentally.
The Chemistry of Polyazanes. II. 1,8-Di-p-tolyl-3,6-diphenyl-1,4,7-octaaztriene
Authors: Minato Hiroshi , Oku Masayoshi , Chan Samuel Hung-Pui 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1,8-Di-p-tolyl-3,6-diphenyl-1,4,7-octaaztriene (DTDPO) was prepared by the potassium permanganate oxidation of 1-p-tolyl-3-phenyl-1-tetraazene (TPT), and the kinetics and the products of the decomposition of DTDPO were investigated. The experimental results can best be explained by assuming a mechanism in which DTDPO decomposes homolytically to yield a nitrogen molecule and two triazenyl radicals, which then combine to form 1,3,4,6-tetraaryl-1,5-hexaazdiene; the latter is very unstable and decomposes quickly to yield substituted azobenzenes and phenyl and p-tolyl radicals. The rather slow rate of decomposition of DTDPO was also discussed.
Studies on Long Chain Alkyl Amides of Water-soluble Poly-α-amino Acids. III. The Association of Poly-Dl-alanine Dodecylamides in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ikeda Shoichi , Maekawa Masakazu , Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Poly-Dl-alanine dodecylamide, prepared by the polymerization of N-carboxy-Dl-alanine anhydride with dodecylamine initiation at different anhydride-to-initiator ratios, ([A]/[I]), is soluble in aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions to form micelles. Its micellar properties at pH 2.0 have been investigated by means of hydrodynamic methods. The material prepared at [A]/[I] 5 has a critical micelle concentration around 0.2—0.3 g. dl−1, which can be detected by Archibald sedimentation measurements. The micelle has been determined by the Archibald method to consist of about 13 monomer molecules. The molecules in the micelle are hydrogen bonded intermolecularly to form a structure similar to the β-conformation. Hydrogen bonding between peptide groups is more important for the micelle formation than hydrophobic bonds between dodecyl groups. The materials prepared at [A]/[I] 15 and 20 associate into large micelles, consisting of about 320 and 240 monomers respectively, as deduced from the sedimentation and viscosity measurements. The micelles exhibit even a flow birefringence. The structure of micelles seems to be a disordered one composed of randomly coiled monomer molecules; intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic bonding are cooperative in its stabilization.
The Chemistry of Polyazanes. III. The Reaction of Nitrosobenzene with Hydrazine and Phenylhydrazine
Authors: Minato Hiroshi , Fujisawa Takiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction between nitrosobenzene and hydrazine was studied. Aniline and nitrogen were found to be the products, but it was not certain whether or not phenyltriazene existed as an intermediate. Then the reaction between nitrosobenzene and phenylhydrazine was studied. The products were azoxybenzene, diphenylamine, benzene and nitrogen. The reaction between p-nitrosotoluene and phenylhydrazine yielded 4, 4′-azoxy toluene, 4-methyldiphenylamine, benzene and nitrogen. The mechanisms of these reactions were discussed on the basis of these findings.
Potentiometric Studies of the Reaction between Mercury(I) Nitrate and Sodium Arsenate
Authors: Bhatnager C S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction between mercury(I) nitrate and sodium arsenate has been studied potentio-metrically at various concentrations, by both the direct and reverse methods, employing bright platinum foil as an indicator electrode in conjunction with a saturated calomel electrode. The end-points obtained from the sharp inflections in titration curves and pronounced maxima in dE/dV provide cogent evidence for the formation and precipitation of mercury(I) arsenate, Hg3AsO4, in the 8.2–9.4 pH range. The precipitation of the compound is almost quantitative. The reaction can be successfully used for the determination of Hg22+ or AsO43− ions in solutions at suitable concentrations and pH ranges.
The Decomposition of Formic Acid on the Intermetallic Compounds of 3d-Transition Metals
Authors: Suzuki Chiyoko , Matsuura Ikuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic behavior of the intermetallic compounds of Cr-Co, Fe-Cr, Fe-Mo, Ni-V and Fe-V systems on the decomposition reaction of formic acid was studied by the usual static method and compared with that of some alloys and manganese. A zeroth-order decomposition reaction was observed throughout the catalysts employed and the adsorption of formic acid on the catalysts during the decomposition reaction approched to the saturation value under the experimental condition, i. e., under the pressure range of 10—20 mmHg, and at the temperature of 200—300°C. The activation energy of the reaction varied from 13.5 to 20.7 kcal./mol. for various catalysts. It has been also found that the activation energy of the reaction catalyzed by the intermetallic compounds increased with the ratio of the electrons in d- and s-bands to atom of the catalyst.
Normal Coordinate Analysis of Trigonal Bipyramidal XY5 Type Molecules
Authors: A. Condrate Robert , Nakamoto Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Normal coordinate analysis has been carried out for trigonal bipyramidal XY5 molecules such as PF5, SbF5, PCl5 and SbCl5. It has been found that the simple Urey-Bradley force field does not provide satisfactory results for the bending modes of these molecules. The results have been improved considerably by introducing an interaction constant between equatorial and axial angle coordinates. In carrying out normal coordinate analysis, the repulsive force constants were first estimated from a Lennard-Jones type potential. Then the stretching and bending force constants were adjusted to fit the observed frequencies. Finally, the new interaction constant was introduced to minimize the errors in the bending frequencies. The force constants thus obtained are consistent through the four molecules studied. Some conflicting band assignments made by previous investigators have been discussed on the basis of the present calculations.
The Vibrational Assignment and Rotational Isomerism of n-Propyl Mercaptan
Authors: Hayashi Michiro , Shiro Yuji , Murata Hiromu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared and Raman spectra of n-propyl mercaptan have been measured and vibrational assignments made with relation to the rotational isomerism. The normal vibration calculation has been carried out in a modified Urey-Bradley force field. In the gaseous and liquid states, TT and GT molecular forms have been confirmed to exist. An appreciable energy difference in the isomers has been found even in the liquid state. The TT form has a lower energy than the GT form. The CH2 hydrogen deformation frequencies of CH2CH2 groups in molecules similar to n-propyl mercatpan have been listed and discussed in relation to their molecular forms.
Studies of Calcichrome as a Spectrophotometric Reagent. I. A New Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Copper with Calcichrome and Its Basic Study
Authors: Ishii Hajime , Einaga Hisahiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was found that Calcichrome, which has been recently established as a reagent for the determination of calcium, forms a stable 1-to-1 complex with copper. Basic studies were carried out, in which the acid dissociation constants of Calcichrome and the apparent formation constant of the complex were determined to be pKa7=7.2, pKa8=11.5, and K=4.1×108 respectively. A new method for the determination of copper was also established.
Osmotic Pressure Measurements for Poly-p-Chlorostyrene Solutions
Authors: Takamizawa Kan’ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Osmotic pressure measurements were made on poly-p-chlorostyrene fractions in toluene. Their intrinsic viscosities were measured in toluene, butanone, and chlorobenzene at 30°C. The intrinsic viscosity - molecular weight relationships of these systems were then evaluated for the monodisperse homologue by applying the proper correction for the heterogeneity in the sample. The unperturbed dimension of the polymer was estimated by the Kurata-Stockmayer method. A comparison of this estimate with that for polystyrene indicated that the chlorine atom at the para-position had no appreciable effect on the hindrance to the internal rotation of chain. The heat of the dilution of the polymer in toluene and chlorobenzene was also determined from measurements of the temperature coefficient of the osmotic pressure. It was endothermic in toluene and approximately zero in chlorobenzene. These results were then discussed in relation to the cohesive energy densities of the polymer and the solvents.