bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Networked Computer Program For Managing A National External Quality Assurance Scheme In Cytopathology
Authors: RASHBASS J. , VAWER A. 
Published: May 2007

We describe a computer program to manage a national external quality assurance (EQA) scheme in cytopathology which uses the international computer network, the Internet, to collect data directly from participants, thereby reducing errors of transcription and administrative costs. Feedback to screeners and pathologists is provided as high quality images of the diagnostic areas on the slide which are only available once all users at a centre have entered their answers. This allows comparison with the original material while it is still available at the site. Users are encouraged to register differences of opinion by labelling areas on images of the slides on the computer. the program performs the statistical analysis of the data for each centre and each slide.Nous decrivons un programme informatique permettant de gérer un schéma national d'assurance externe de qualité en cytopathologie utilisant le réseau informatique international l'Internet, pour collecter des données directement chez les participants, ce qui en conséquence réduit les erreurs de transcription et les coûts administratifs. Le retour vers les cytotechniciens et les pathologistes, se fait sous la forme d'images de haute qualité des zones de la lame à valeur diagnostique, lesquelles sont disponibles seulement lorsque tous les utilisateurs d'un Centre ont entré leurs réponses. Ceci permet la comparaison avec le matériel original pendant qu'il est encore disponible sur le site. Les utilisateurs sont encourages a enrigister les différences d'avis en marquant les zones sur les images des lames sur l'ordinateur. Le programme réalise l'analyse statistique des données de chaque Centre et de chaque lame.Es wird ein Programm fur eine nationale externe QualitätskontroLle mittels Internet vorgestelli bei dem die Daten direkt vom Teilnehmer eingegeben und somit Ûber‐tragungsfehler und Kosten gesenkt werden. Bilder entscheidender Ausschitte der Präparate werden freigegeben, wenn alle an der Beurteilung Beteiligten ihr Urteil eingegeben haben. Dies erlaubt einen Vergleich solange die Präparate noch verfügbar sind. Teilnehmer können abweichende Meinungen durch Markierung anderer Stellen belegen. Das Programm führt anschliessend alle statistischen Analysen aus.
The mechanisms and consequences of seed bank formation in wild sunflowers (Helianthus annuus)
Authors: MOODY‐WEIS JENNIFER , ALEXANDER HELEN M. 
Published: May 2007

Summary

Seed banks are important to many plant populations, yet we lack clear understanding of how environmental factors promote seed bank formation. We experimentally varied seed density, and soil disturbance size and timing, to examine the formation of seed banks and the resulting population dynamics in wild annual sunflowers (Helianthus annuus). Seed density treatments reflected the expected increase in seed production of individual wild sunflowers due to hybridization with Bt‐transgenic crop sunflowers. Soil disturbances of two sizes (large and small) were applied either before or after seed dispersal. We followed the experimental plots for 21/2 years measuring seedling emergence, seeds in the soil, and reproduction, while preventing additional seed input. We assessed seed bank formation by the numbers of emergent seedlings and seeds in the soil.
Soil disturbances, regardless of timing, were required for successful germination and reproduction of wild sunflowers. Large disturbances resulted in greater seedling emergence and reproduction than small disturbances. Reproduction on small disturbance plots was low, due to low seedling survival. Higher seed density resulted in more seedlings only in large‐disturbance plots.
Post‐dispersal disturbances led to significant seed bank formation. This effect was greater for large, post‐dispersal disturbances. Higher seed density increased seed bank size only in the presence of large, post‐dispersal disturbances.
Negative density‐dependence in seedling mortality and reproduction meant that there was no effect of the high seed density treatment on reproduction. Thus the positive effects of increased seed bank size on population growth were tempered by density‐dependence. To assess fully the impact of seed banks on population growth, studies should continue beyond the seedling stage.
Our results suggest increased seed production of individual sunflowers resulting from crop transgenes would be unlikely to increase population growth on the scale of small patches. Increased seed production could result in dispersal of seeds across larger areas, and thus could lead to larger seed banks in disturbed environments and an increased prevalence of sunflowers across the landscape. These results are relevant to other annual species, especially those with transgenic crop relatives.
Habitat stress, species pool size and biotic resistance influence exotic plant richness in the Flooding Pampa grasslands
Authors: PERELMAN SUSANA B. , CHANETON ENRIQUE J. , BATISTA WILLIAM B. , BURKART SILVIA E. , LEÓN ROLANDO J. C. 
Published: May 2007

Summary

Theory and empirical evidence suggest that community invasibility is influenced by propagule pressure, physical stress and biotic resistance from resident species. We studied patterns of exotic and native species richness across the Flooding Pampas of Argentina, and tested for exotic richness correlates with major environmental gradients, species pool size, and native richness, among and within different grassland habitat types.
Native and exotic richness were positively correlated across grassland types, increasing from lowland meadows and halophyte steppes, through humid to mesophyte prairies in more elevated topographic positions. Species pool size was positively correlated with local richness of native and exotic plants, being larger for mesophyte and humid prairies. Localities in the more stressful meadow and halophyte steppe habitats contained smaller fractions of their landscape species pools.
Native and exotic species numbers decreased along a gradient of increasing soil salinity and decreasing soil depth, and displayed a unimodal relationship with soil organic carbon. When covarying habitat factors were held constant, exotic and native richness residuals were still positively correlated across sites. Within grassland habitat types, exotic and native species richness were positively associated in meadows and halophyte steppes but showed no consistent relationship in the least stressful, prairie habitat types.
Functional group composition differed widely between native and exotic species pools. Patterns suggesting biotic resistance to invasion emerged only within humid prairies, where exotic richness decreased with increasing richness of native warm‐season grasses. This negative relationship was observed for other descriptors of invasion such as richness and cover of annual cool‐season forbs, the commonest group of exotics.
Our results support the view that ecological factors correlated with differences in invasion success change with the range of environmental heterogeneity encompassed by the analysis. Within narrow habitat ranges, invasion resistance may be associated with either physical stress or resident native diversity. Biotic resistance through native richness, however, appeared to be effective only at intermediate locations along a stress/fertility gradient.
We show that certain functional groups, not just total native richness, may be critical to community resistance to invasion. Identifying such native species groups is important for directing management and conservation efforts.
Defoliation changes mycorrhizal benefit and competitive interactions between seedlings and adult plants
Authors: PIETIKÄINEN A. , KYTÖVIITA M.‐M. 
Published: May 2007

Summary

Competition is considered to be one of the main biotic factors shaping plant communities. Experiments on the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant competition have reported conflicting results.
We studied the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on below‐ground interactions between seedlings and established adult plants in a system where plants compete for below‐ground resources. In this glasshouse experiment, seedlings of Gnaphalium norvegicum were grown with and without an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, in the presence and absence of a large conspecific adult plant. The ability of adult plants to support the fungus was modified by defoliating 0%, 50% or 75% of its leaf area.
We found that mycorrhiza increased below‐ground competitive intensity. The mycorrhizal benefit to the seedlings was low in the vicinity of non‐defoliated adult plants, but increased with increasing defoliation intensity of the adult plant. This was mirrored by reductions in mycorrhizal benefit that adult plants gained at the highest level of defoliation.
These results emphasize the importance of below‐ground competition during seedling establishment and show that competition for mycorrhiza‐mediated resources may be an important factor underlying seedling establishment in nutrient‐poor systems. Defoliation of neighbours can increase the beneficial effect of mycorrhizae to seedlings establishing in the vicinity of larger plants, suggesting that grazing or mowing may improve seedling establishment by decreasing below‐ground competition.
The ArcA regulon and oxidative stress resistance in Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Wong Sandy M. S. , Alugupalli Kishore R. , Ram Sanjay , Akerley Brian J. 
Published: May 2007

Summary Haemophilus influenzae transits between niches within the human host that are predicted to differ in oxygen levels. The ArcAB two‐component signal transduction system controls gene expression in response to respiratory conditions of growth and has been implicated in bacterial pathogenesis, yet the mechanism is not understood. We undertook a genome‐scale study to identify genes of the H. influenzae ArcA regulon. Deletion of arcA resulted in increased anaerobic expression of genes of the respiratory chain and of H. influenzae's partial tricarboxylic acid cycle, and decreased anaerobic expression levels of genes of polyamine metabolism, and iron sequestration. Deletion of arcA also conferred a susceptibility to transient exposure to hydrogen peroxide that was greater following anaerobic growth than after aerobic growth. Array data revealed that the dps gene, not previously assigned to the ArcA modulon in bacteria, exhibited decreased expression in the arcA mutant. Deletion of dps resulted in hydrogen peroxide sensitivity and complementation restored resistance, providing insight into the previously uncharacterized mechanism of arcA‐mediated H2O2 resistance. The results indicate a role for H. influenzae arcA and dps in pre‐emptive defence against transitions from growth in low oxygen environments to aerobic exposure to hydrogen peroxide, an antibacterial oxidant produced by phagocytes during infection.
Pagetoid Bowen's Disease on the Breast
Authors: Blobstein Steven H. , Wolfin Nancy S. , Urmacher Carlos , Myskowski Patricia L. 
Published: May 2007

A 75‐Year‐old while woman was referred to Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center for evaluation of a slowly enlarging, asymptomatic plaque that had been present on the left breast for several years. She had developed hypothyroidism and hypertension. There was no personal or family history of skin cancer or broast disease. Results of mammography, performed 1 month earlier, were normal. Physical examination revealed an elderly, moderately obose white woman. Examination of the breasts did not reveal any masses, and there were no palpable axillary lymph nodes.On the left breast, tbere was a well circumscribed, orangered plaque, 3 cm in diameter, with a peripheral collarette scale. The lesion was located 2 cm from the areola, in the medio‐inferior quadrant of the breast (Fig. 1). A punch biopsy of the lesion showed atypical cells in the epidermis characterized by abundant pale cytoplasm (Fig. 2). Result of PAS stain for glycogen was only weakly positive, and results of all stains for mucin were negative. A lichenoid lymphohistiocytic infiltrate was seen in the dermis. A complete excision of the lesion was performed, revealing Bowen's disease. The specimen contained areas of pagetoid cells (Fig. 2) as well as more typical areas of Bowen's disease (Fig. 3).
Impact of Leprosy on Family and Intimate Relationships
Authors: Ashamalla L. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Ninety‐eight families with leprotic members were examined. Of these, only two families were identified where both couples were leprotic. The father was the known leprotic member in 46 cases and the mother in 12 families. There were seven cases where the father and one son were leprotic, while in one case it was the mother and son; 25 families presented a leprotic son or daughter, while their parents were apparently free. Leprotic siblings or cousins of nonleprotic parents were seen in five families.The duration of marriage and details of history were taken in each case. The relation between close contact and the development of leprosy will be discussed.
Corynebacterium pyogenes
Authors: Kotrajaras Renoo , Tagami Hachiro 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: There is a yearly outbreak of endemic leg ulcers in Thailand Corynebacterium pyogenes, a pathogen to animals, is frequently isolated from the fresh lesions in addition to common pyogenic bacteria such as beta‐hemolytic streptococci mostly group A, and Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Although circulating titers of IgG and IgM anti‐C. pyogenes antibodies were found to be very low in studied cases, intradermal skin test with C. pyogenes vaccine containing nonviable 105 microorganisms induced an erythematous reaction with maximum intensity at 6 hours; direct immunofluorescence showed granular deposition of C3 along the dermoepidermal junction at this time. Unexpectedly, the sites of such a skin test that subsequently underwent biopsy presented tender erythematous induration 1 week later and developed granulomatous ulceralive lesions after 10 days in 11 of 15 patients.Radioimmunoassay for C5a and C5a of arginine demonstrated that C. pyogenes activaited complement even in the absence of specific antibodies. These findings suggest the importance of skin injury followed by infection with C. pyogenes in the development of endemic leg ulcers supporting our hypothesis that the infection of accidentally traumatized skin by C. pyogenes, which is carried by Oriental‐eye files, induces the granulomatous lesions of endemic leg ulcers.
Healing of Necrobiotic Ulcers with Antiplatelet Therapy Correlation with Plasma Thromboxane Levels
Authors: Heng Madalene C. Y. , Song Moon K. , Heng Ming Kiat 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Necrobiosis lipoidica in diabetics has been considered to be a cutaneous manifestation of diabetic microangiopathy. Seven diabetic patients with necrobiotic ulcers of recent onset that healed after administration of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole had elevated thromboxane levels. Healing was associated with depression of the elevated thromboxane levels in all seven patients.
Cutaneous Thrombosis, Cerebrovascular Thrombosis, and Lupus Anticoagulant—the Sneddon Syndrome
Authors: Alegre Victor A. , Winkelmann R. K. , Gastineau Dennis A. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Ten patients with circulating lupus anticoagulant who presented with cutaneous vascular disease and Cerebrovascular disease are presented. Cutaneous manifestations were gangrene, thrombophlebitis, ulcers, and livedo reticularis. All 10 patients had cerebral infarction. The relationship between the cerebral and cutaneous vascular changes and the presence of lupus anticoagulant is supported by a common noninflammatory vascular thrombosis histologically in these patients and by the presence of similar pathologic and clinical findings in patients with the lupus anticoagulant syndrome.
Molluscum Contagiosum Treated with Iodine Solution and Salicylic Acid Plaster
Authors: Ohkuma M. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Twenty cases of molluscum have been evaluated for the clinical effectiveness of 70% PVP‐iodine solution and 50% salicylic acid plaster therapy. The treatment works well, and the shorter duration of treatment necessary for healing is statistically significant as compared with the duration of treatment for controls who lacked either one of the applications. Although the working mechanism for the effectiveness is not known, the treatment is characterized as a less expensive and less painful procedure. All patients were completely healed after a mean treatment of 26 days; there were no adverse effects. This therapy is recommended for the office patient, young children, diabetic patients, and those with multiple lesions.
Dermatologic Complications in Colostomy and Ileostomy Patients
Authors: Hellman Judith , Lago Charles P. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:This study was designed to determine the prevalence and type of peristomal skin complications in ileostomy and colostomy patients. The influence of sex, race, age, and stoma location as possible risk factors for developing these conditions was examined. A chart review in combination with a telephone survey was conducted. The population included all ileostomy and colostomy patients (362) who had their procedure between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1985 at the Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York. Ninety‐three patients were ultimately surveyed. There were 58 ileostomy and 35 colostomy cases. This study concluded that there may be a direct relationship between age and peristomal skin problems; gender is not a risk factor for acquiring these conditions in ileostomy (p>0.7) or colostomy (p>0.3) patients; most patients seek the enterostomal therapist for treatment of peristomal skin problems; and the most common peristomal skin condition is minor to moderate skin irritation with redness. It is recommended that both the health professional managing the ostomy patients, and the ostomy patients themselves, receive more education concerning the techniques and the importance of proper stoma care. Future studies examining the role of the dermatologist with regard to these problems are recommended.
Sebum Measurements for Rapid Identification of Hyperandrogenism Due to an Ovarian Leydig Cell Tumor
Authors: Zlotogorski Abraham , Glaser Benjamin , Bercovici Bruno , Dikstein Shabtay 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Direct measurements of sebum with the Sebumeter were used in a patient with a benign androgen‐producing tumor of the ovary. Androgen levels fell immediately after surgery whereas the markedly elevated sebum levels found preoperatively dropped to normal after a delay of more than 2 weeks. Therefore, the Subumeter, due to its simplicity, may useful for the preliminary screening and follow‐up of patients with hyperandrogenic states.
NONBULLOUS BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
Authors: WOLF RONNI , OPHIR JOSEPH , DECHNER EDIT 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree patients had a rare form of bullous pemphigoid, clinically similar to the erythematous type of bullous pemphigoid without vesiculobullous lesions. All the patients displayed immunofluorescence features of bullous pemphigoid. This form of the disease presents a substantial diagnostic problem because it lacks the principal morphologic feature of bullous pemphigoid, namely the vesicles and bullae.
PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM: ASSOCIATIONS REVISITED
Authors: KO C.B. , WALTON S. , WYATT E.H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFourteen cases of pyoderma gangrenosum were seen over a period of 24 years at the Hull Royal Infirmary Dermatology Department. Several associated conditions were found. Seven cases were associated with rheumatoid arthritis of which five were sero‐positive, including one with Felty's syndrome. One case was associated with both ulcerative colitis and psoriasis; one with polycythemia rubra vera; two patients had diverticular disease including one who also had rheumatoid arthritis; one had positive syphilis serology. In three cases there was no significant associated disease identified. Ten out of the fourteen cases were women, indicating a female preponderance by a ratio of about 2F:1M; a figure similar to that stated by Seitzinger.1 The age of presentation ranged from 30 to 80 years.
PRIMARY LOCALIZED CUTANEOUS AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: KIBBI ABDUL‐GHANI , RUBEIZ NELLY G. , ZAYNOUN SHUKRALLAH T. , KURBAN AMAL K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFifty‐seven patients with primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) were clinically and histopathologically reviewed. Two‐thirds of patients had macular amyloidosis (MA). Intermediate cases having macular lesions with micropapules and/or lichens were identified. A spectrum for the disease is proposed, in which the less itchy classical macular variant occurs at one end and the very pruritic traditional lichen variant at the other. The salient histopathologic findings were similar in the macules, micropapules, and lichens, but were more prominent in the lichens. These consisted of hyperkeratosis, keratinocyte degeneration, satellite cell necrosis, and basal cell destruction. Amyloid deposition in the dermal papillae with transepidermal elimination, dermal melanophages, and superficial perivascular inflammation were also present. These changes represent an interface dermatitis of the vacuolar type, PLCA may be categorized under the group of dermatoses characterized by a lichenoid tissue reaction; inflammation may play a key role in mediating these disorders.
PERIPHERAL T LYMPHOCYTES AND THEIR SUBSETS IN CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: SEHGAL VIRENDRA N. , WAGH SUNEITA A. , BHATTACHARYA SAMBIT N. , SHARMA VINAY K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFifty‐four patients with cutaneous tuberculosis, consisting of 23 with lupus vulgaris,22 with scrofuloderma, and nine with verrucosa cutis, were investigated for cell‐mediated immunity, through estimation of peripheral total T lymphocytes (CD3+), CD4+ (helper/inducer), and CD8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) lymphocytes, by immunohistochemical staining of peripheral blood smears, using specific monoclonal antibodies and the alkaline phosphatase‐antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. Absolute values of total T lymphocytes (CD3+), and CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, were found to be significantly raised in scrofuloderma, but the percentage values and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio remained unaltered. In tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, only the percentage of the CD8+ subset of T lymphocytes was found to be significantly lowered, and this altered the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. No significant change was observed in the peripheral blood T cells and their subpopulations in patients suffering from lupus vulgaris.