bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional regulation of the homeobox gene NKX3.1 by all‐trans retinoic acid in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Thomas Marc A. , Hodgson Myles C. , Loermans Susan D. , Hooper Joel , Endersby Raelene , Bentel Jacqueline M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNKX3.1 is a homeobox gene, expression of which is largely restricted to the adult prostatic epithelium. Loss of NKX3.1 expression has been linked to prostate carcinogenesis and disease progression and occurs in the absence of mutations in the coding region of the NKX3.1 gene. In this study, we have characterized regulation of NKX3.1 expression by all‐trans retinoic acid (tRA), a naturally occurring vitamin A metabolite that is accumulated at high levels in the prostate. Using the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, Western blot analysis revealed a ∼twofold induction of NKX3.1 protein levels following tRA exposure, with sequential analysis of NKX3.1 protein levels in cycloheximide co‐treated cells indicating that tRA does not alter NKX3.1 protein turnover. The ∼1.6‐fold increase in NKX3.1 mRNA levels detected in tRA‐treated LNCaP cells also occurred independently of new protein synthesis and was not mediated by changes in NKX3.1 mRNA stability. In contrast, nuclear run‐on assays indicated that tRA treatment increased NKX3.1 transcription. To identify retinoid responsive regions of the NKX3.1 gene, DNA sequences encompassing ∼2 kb of the NKX3.1 promoter or the entire 3′untranslated region (UTR) were cloned into luciferase reporter plasmids. Analysis of induced luciferase activity following transfection of these constructs into prostate cancer cells did not identify tRA responsiveness, however the 3′UTR was found to be strongly androgen responsive. These studies demonstrate that the NKX3.1 gene is a direct target of retinoid receptors and suggest that androgen regulation of NKX3.1 expression is mediated in part by the 3′UTR. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 1409–1419, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of caspase activation and mitochondrial stress in trichostatin A‐induced apoptosis of Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Akata
Authors: Son Young‐Ok , Choi Ki‐Choon , Lee Jeong‐Chae , Kook Sung‐Ho , Lee Hyun‐Jeong , Jeon Young‐Mi , Kim Jong‐Ghee , Kim Ju , Lee Won‐Keun , Jang Yong‐Suk 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 90% of the human population and has a potential oncogenic nature. Trichostatin A (TSA) has potent antitumor activity, but its exact mechanism on EBV‐infected cells is unclear. This study examined the effects of TSA on proliferation and apoptosis of the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Akata. TSA treatment inhibited cell growth and induced cytotoxicity in both the EBV‐negative and ‐positive Akata cells. TSA sensitively induced apoptosis in both cells, as demonstrated by the increased number of positively stained cells in the TUNEL assay, the migration of many cells to sub‐G1 phase by flow cytometric analysis, and the formation of DNA ladders. This suggests that EBV has no effect on the sensitivity to TSA. Western blot analysis showed that the cleavage of PARP and Bid and the activation of caspases are closely related to the TSA‐induced apoptosis of the cells. The reduction in mitochondrial transition potential and the release of apoptosis‐inducing factor from mitochondria to cytosol was also observed after the TSA treatment, but was suppressed by treating the cells with a cathepsin B inhibitor. Overall, these findings suggest that besides the caspase‐dependent pathway, mitochondrial events are also associated with the TSA‐induced apoptosis of Akata cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 1420–1430, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leading a horse to water: An action perspective on mental health policy
Authors: Davidson Larry , Flanagan Elizabeth , Roe David , Styron Thomas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFollowing publication of several landmark policy documents beginning in 1999, there are unprecedented opportunities for reforming mental health care to meet the needs of persons with mental illness. In this article, the authors suggest that transforming mental health requires dramatic changes in theory as well as in policy and practice, offering action theory as a corrective for a clinical psychology that has yet to view people as active agents shaping their own lives. A participatory approach to policy development and adoption of an action‐oriented model of clinical practice provide examples of the shift, which results from treating people to enhancing their access to opportunities and offering them the in vivo supports they need to pursue meaningful lives even while disabled. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1141–1155, 2006.
A mass spectrometric investigation on the possible role of tryptophan and 7‐hydroxytryptophan in melanogenesis
Authors: Smaniotto Anna , Comai Stefano , Bertazzo Antonella , Costa Carlo V. L. , Allegri Graziella , Seraglia Roberta , Traldi Pietro 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe activity of tyrosinase and peroxidase + H2O2 in promoting melanogenesis from tryptophan (Trp) and 7‐hydroxytryptophan (7‐HTP) has been investigated. The reaction samples have been drawn at different reaction times and analysed by MALDI mass spectrometry.The data obtained showed that tryptophan undergoes, under tyrosinase and peroxidase action, an oligomerization process mainly due to the reaction of anthranilic acid (AA) and Trp. However, analysing the UV and fluorescence data, it is seen that the oligomers cannot belong to the melanin pattern, but their possible role in melanogenesis is not to be excluded. Once it reacts with the two enzymes, 7‐hydroxytryptophan leads to dark brown products, indicating its possible role in melanin production. In contrast to what was observed in the case of 5‐hydroxytryptophan, for which oligomers were constituted by 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) units, the MALDI data indicate a sharply different behaviour for 7‐HTP. In fact, in the case of 5‐hydroxytryptophan, oligomerization takes place through the formation of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and the oligomerization products are due to mixed 5‐HTP—5‐HT oligomers. In the case of 7‐hydroxytryptophan, the formation of 7‐hydroxytryptamine (7‐HT) is also observed, but it does not seem to play any role; the only oligomerization products formed are due to the reaction of 7‐hydroxytryptophan and AA. The data so obtained indicate that 7‐hydroxytryptophan acts like an effective melanin precursor in the presence of both tyrosinase and peroxidase + H2O2. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C‐terminal amino acid residue loss for deprotonated peptide ions containing glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or serine residues at the C‐terminus
Authors: Li Zhong , Yalcin Talat , Cassady Carolyn J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDeprotonated peptides containing C‐terminal glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or serine residues were studied by sustained off‐resonance irradiation collision‐induced dissociation (SORI‐CID) in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer with ion production by electrospray ionization (ESI). Additional studies were performed by post source decay (PSD) in a matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization/time‐of‐flight (MALDI/TOF) mass spectrometer. This work included both model peptides synthesized in our laboratory and bioactive peptides with more complex sequences. During SORI‐CID and PSD, [M − H]− and [M − 2H]2− underwent an unusual cleavage corresponding to the elimination of the C‐terminal residue. Two mechanisms are proposed to occur. They involve nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the adjacent residue by either the carboxylate group of the C‐terminus or the side chain carboxylate group of C‐terminal glutamic acid and aspartic acid residues. To confirm the proposed mechanisms, AAAAAD was labelled by 18O specifically on the side chain of the aspartic acid residue. For peptides that contain multiple C‐terminal glutamic acid residues, each of these residues can be sequentially eliminated from the deprotonated ions; a driving force may be the formation of a very stable pyroglutamatic acid neutral. For peptides with multiple aspartic acid residues at the C‐terminus, aspartic acid residue loss is not sequential. For peptides with multiple serine residues at the C‐terminus, C‐terminal residue loss is sequential; however, abundant loss of other neutral molecules also occurs. In addition, the presence of basic residues (arginine or lysine) in the sequence has no effect on C‐terminal residue elimination in the negative ion mode. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new strategy utilizing electrospray ionization‐quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry for the qualitative determination of GnRH peptides
Authors: Myers Tanya R. , Patonay Gabor 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNumerous forms of the neurotransmitter GnRH have been discovered in vertebrates and invertebrates. Methods used for identification of these peptides are laborious and often require the application of multiple, confirmatory techniques. In this study, we investigate whether HPLC‐MS/MS and de novo sequencing techniques applied to whole peptide analysis can provide a simpler approach to GnRH characterization. Experiments were performed with six GnRH forms (chicken I, chicken II, lamprey III, mammalian, salmon and seabream) to determine whether MS/MS spectra would be dominated by proline‐directed fragmentation to the detriment of obtaining sufficient fragmentation for sequencing. While the expected b8 fragment was prominent, sufficient ion series were obtained for the six GnRH peptides to provide sequence identification. On the basis of the patterns observed for six model peptides, similar fragmentation patterns are expected for other GnRH forms. To confirm the applicability of the method, extracts from Sprague–Dawley rat brains were examined. These experiments confirm the presence of mammalian GnRH and a posttranslationally modified form of mammalian GnRH, hydroxyproline9 GnRH, in Sprague–Dawley rat brains and demonstrate that ESI‐MS/MS techniques provide a valuable addition to existing qualitative methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the determination of molecular weight distributions of asphaltenes and their aggregates in laser desorption ionization experiments
Authors: Hortal Ana R. , Martínez‐Haya Bruno , Lobato Marcos D. , Pedrosa José M. , Lago Santiago 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMolecular weight distributions (MWD) of asphaltenes and their aggregates have been investigated in laser desorption ionization (LDI) mass spectrometric experiments. A systematic investigation of the dependence of the measured MWD on the asphaltene sample density and on the laser pulse energy allows the assignment of most probable molecular weights within 300–500 amu and average molecular weights of 800–1000 amu for the monomeric asphaltenes, as well as for the estimation of the contribution from asphaltene clusters in typical LDI measurements. The results serve to reconcile the existing controversy between earlier mass spectrometric characterizations of asphaltenes based on laser desorption techniques by different groups. Furthermore, the MWD measurements performed on particularly dense samples yield an additional differentiated broad band peaking around 9000–10 000 amu and extending over 20 000 amu, not observed previously in LDI experiments, thereby revealing a strong propensity of the asphaltenes to form clusters with specific aggregation numbers, which is in qualitative agreement with previous theoretical predictions and with the interpretation of measurements performed with other techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alfred Nier and the sector field mass spectrometer
Authors: De Laeter John , Kurz Mark D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractScience and technology are intimately related, and advances in science often become possible with the availability of new instrumentation. This has certainly been the case in mass spectrometry, which is used in so many scientific disciplines. Originally developed as an instrument for research in physics it was used in the discovery of isotopes, their recognition as the fundamental species comprising the elements, and the investigation of elemental isotopic composition. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry is a metrological technique of the highest order, and has been widely used in chemical, biochemical, cosmochemical, environmental, geological, physical, and nuclear research. Mass spectrometry presently plays a key role not only in scientific research, but also in industrial operations.This paper highlights the role that Alfred Otto Carl Nier played in bringing mass spectrometry into the mainstream of science. Nier's career spanned a remarkable period in science, and he made crucial contributions to atomic weights, geochronology, isotope geochemistry, nuclear physics, and space science. He is widely viewed as the ‘father of modern mass spectrometry’, because of his genius with instrumentation, his innovations, and the generosity with which he shared his ideas and designs. It is timely to remember his fundamental work in mass spectrometry, particularly the development of the sector field mass spectrometer, which is still the instrument of choice for many isotope scientists some 66 years after its first appearance in 1940. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive cortical stimulation with transcranial direct current stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fregni Felipe , Boggio Paulo S. , Santos Marcelo C. , Lima Moises , Vieira Adriana L. , Rigonatti Sergio P. , Silva M. Teresa A. , Barbosa Egberto R. , Nitsche Michael A. , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro 
Published: June 2006

AbstractElectrical stimulation of deep brain structures, such as globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus, is widely accepted as a therapeutic tool for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Cortical stimulation either with epidural implanted electrodes or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can be associated with motor function enhancement in PD. We aimed to study the effects of another noninvasive technique of cortical brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on motor function and motor‐evoked potential (MEP) characteristics of PD patients. We tested tDCS using different electrode montages [anodal stimulation of primary motor cortex (M1), cathodal stimulation of M1, anodal stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and sham‐stimulation] and evaluated the effects on motor function—as indexed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), simple reaction time (sRT) and Purdue Pegboard test—and on corticospinal motor excitability (MEP characteristics). All experiments were performed in a double‐blinded manner. Anodal stimulation of M1 was associated with a significant improvement of motor function compared to sham‐stimulation in the UPDRS (P < 0.001) and sRT (P = 0.019). This effect was not observed for cathodal stimulation of M1 or anodal stimulation of DLPFC. Furthermore, whereas anodal stimulation of M1 significantly increased MEP amplitude and area, cathodal stimulation of M1 significantly decreased them. There was a trend toward a significant correlation between motor function improvement after M1 anodal–tDCS and MEP area increase. These results confirm and extend the notion that cortical brain stimulation might improve motor function in patients with PD. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Mutation analysis of the GNE gene in distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) patients in Thailand
Authors: Liewluck Teerin , Pho‐Iam Theeraphong , Limwongse Chanin , Thongnoppakhun Wanna , Boonyapisit Kanokwan , Raksadawan Natte , Murayama Kumiko , Hayashi Yukiko K. , Nishino Ichizo , Sangruchi Tumtip 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDistal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) is an early‐adult‐onset, distal myopathy caused by a mutation of the UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine 2 epimerase/N‐acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene. We herein report four Thai patients with DMRV who carried compound heterozygous mutations of the GNE gene including three novel (p.G89R, p.P511T, and p.I656N) and two known mutations (p.A524V and p.V696M). All patients shared p.V696M in one allele. Our study demonstrates the mutation spectrum of the GNE gene in Thai patients with DMRV. Muscle Nerve, 2006
CK‐MM autoantibodies: Prevalence, immune complexes, and effect on CK clearance
Authors: Warren Gordon L. , O'Farrell Laura , Rogers Karen R. , Billings Kelly M. , Sayers Stephen P. , Clarkson Priscilla M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAlthough the blood level of creatine kinase (CK) is the most commonly used marker of muscle injury, there is marked interindividual variability in this measure. Part of this variability may be attributed to variability in the rate of CK clearance from the circulation. In this study, we assessed the possibility that CK‐MM autoantibodies form immune complexes with CK following muscle injury and subsequently affect the CK clearance rate. Using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, CK‐MM autoantibodies were detected in all 25 human subjects studied but the levels varied greatly. Using protein A‐sepharose, the percentage of the plasma CK activity found in immune complexes was determined to be correlated with the CK‐MM autoantibody level at lower CK levels (<1,022 U/L). When CK‐MM antibodies were administered to mice, plasma CK activity following a bolus CK injection was reduced by 11%–32%. We conclude that CK‐MM autoantibodies can modulate the rate of CK clearance from the circulation. Thus, the relatively low blood CK levels seen in some individuals following injury may be attributed partly or entirely to an autoantibody‐enhanced clearance of CK. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Differences of the ipsilateral silent period in small hand muscles
Authors: Jung Patrick , Ziemann Ulf 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe ipsilateral silent period (iSP) is thought to depend on activity transmitted by the corpus callosum but ipsilateral corticospinal pathways may also contribute. Because the presence of ipsilateral corticospinal pathways differs between small hand muscles, we compared the iSP in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles. The iSP was elicited in 20 healthy subjects by focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of one primary motor cortex during maximal voluntary contraction of the ipsilateral target muscle. The iSP duration was significantly longer in the FDI than APB because of an irregularly occurring second phase of inhibition in the FDI that was absent in the APB. Although the first phase of inhibition is transmitted by the corpus callosum, we provide evidence that the second phase is mediated through ipsilateral corticospinal pathways. Therefore, for specific assessment of callosal conduction, the iSP should be measured in the APB rather than FDI. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Exercise intolerance associated with a novel 8300t>C mutation in mitochondrial transfer RNAlys
Authors: Gambello Michael J. , Bai Ren‐Kui , Chen Tian‐Jian , Dimachkie Mazen , Wong Lee‐Jun C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMutations in the mitochondrial genome contribute to the pathophysiology of many neuromuscular diseases. Recently there has been an increased appreciation of the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in the etiology of exercise intolerance. Using TTGE (temporal temperature‐gradient gel electrophoresis) and sequence analyses of the entire mitochondrial genome, we identified a novel heteroplasmic mutation (8300T>C) in the tRNAlys gene (MTTK) from a patient with unexplained exercise intolerance. The mutation was present in blood, hair, and muscle, with the highest percentage of heteroplasmy found in muscle. The results of muscle respiratory chain enzyme analysis are consistent with tRNA mutation. These data suggest that this novel mutation is yet another mtDNA mutation associated with muscle disease and should be considered in patients with similar symptoms. Muscle Nerve, 2006
What is the origin of the premotor potential recorded from the second lumbrical?
Authors: Takahashi Nobushige , Takahashi Osamu , Ogawa Shinji , Takahashi Morimasa 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWhen recording with a palm electrode, a premotor potential (PMP) precedes the compound muscle action potential that is evoked from the second lumbrical muscle following median nerve stimulation. The origin of this PMP has been uncertain. We demonstrate that median sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) can be recorded orthodromically with the palm electrode and conclude that the origin of the PMP is a median SNAP arising from antidromically activated digital sensory branches. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Prenylated stilbenes from peanut root mucilage
Authors: Sobolev Victor S. , Potter Thomas L. , Horn Bruce W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSeven prenylated stilbenes were identified by combined HPLC‐PAD‐APCI/MSn analysis of an extract of mucilage isolated from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root tips. The principal constituent was assigned the structure 4‐(3‐methyl‐but‐1‐enyl)‐3, 5‐dimethoxy‐4¢‐hydroxy‐trans‐stilbene. The common name mucilagin A is proposed for this novel compound. Its concentration in the mucilage was estimated at 250 σg/g (wet weight basis). The large body of literature on the anti‐microbial properties of plant‐derived stilbenes suggests that compounds detected in peanut mucilage may play a role in regulating root–soil pathogen interactions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeated measurement of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) in Down syndrome screening: A validation study
Authors: Palomaki Glenn E. , Wright David E. , Summers Anne M. , Neveux Louis M. , Meier Christian , O'Donnell Andrea , Huang Tianhua , Knight George J. , Haddow James E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo confirm that measuring pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) in both first‐ and second‐trimester serum samples improves Down syndrome screening.MethodsWe selected paired first‐ and second‐trimester stored serum samples from 34 Down syndrome pregnancies (cases) and 514 unaffected pregnancies (controls) and tested the second‐trimester samples for PAPP‐A and dimeric inhibin‐A (DIA). First‐trimester PAPP‐A measurements were already available, as were second‐trimester measurements of alpha‐fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol (uE3), and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).ResultsPAPP‐A was lower among cases than controls (0.47 MoM) in the first trimester (at an average of 12.5 weeks); in the second trimester, it was not different (0.91 MoM). Using repeated measures of PAPP‐A alone, 21 of 34 cases were detected (62%, 95%CI 44% to 78%) with 5% false positives. At an observed 2% false‐positive rate, the detection rates (DR) for the quadruple (69%) and serum integrated (69%) tests were lower than for the repeated measures test (75%). Modelled performance at 12 weeks was similar to these observed findings (70, 75, and 82%, respectively). If the first‐trimester samples were collected at 10 weeks, however, DR would be higher (70, 81, and 91%, respectively).ConclusionsAdding a repeated measure of PAPP‐A to existing serum markers improves Down syndrome screening to levels that are currently obtainable only by including ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency (NT). Serum‐based screening has the advantages of higher availability and reliability at a lower cost, resulting in a more effective screening strategy. A serum‐based repeated measures test has a place in routine Down syndrome screening. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.