bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatology residents' perspectives on virtual dermatopathology education
Authors: Ngo Tram B. , Niu Wei , Fang Zhide , Gold Logan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDermatopathology education accounts for 30% of U.S. dermatology residency training. The COVID‐19 pandemic expedited the implementation of virtual dermatopathology in place of traditional microscopy for resident education. This study examined U.S. dermatology residents' perceptions of virtual dermatopathology, as research in this area is lacking.MethodsAn anonymous, confidential, institutional review board‐approved survey was electronically distributed to U.S. dermatology residents consisting of 16 questions comparing attitudes towards virtual and traditional dermatopathology education. Responses were n = 59. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software.ResultsParticipants believe virtual imaging is superior to conventional microscopy in schedule flexibility (96.6% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.0001), lecture convenience (94.8% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.0001), personal review (96.6% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.0001), cost‐effectiveness (64.4% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.0001), and board exam preparation (52.5% vs. 16.9%, p = 0.0005). Conventional microscopy was favored for image quality (50.8% vs. 25.4%, p = 0.0127) and overall utility (50.8% vs. 27.1%, p = 0.0195).ConclusionsOur study supports virtual dermatopathology utilization as a valuable tool in dermatology residency training. Also it is shown that conventional microscopy training continues to play a key role. Further studies should examine whether, if ever, virtual dermatopathology could gradually replace conventional microscopy with the advent of newer and more powerful digital and scanning technology.
The virtual dermatopathology mentorship
Authors: Pitch Michelle A. , Sperling Leonard C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Covid pandemic necessitated changes in traditional mentorship and educational roles. We offer our experience in structuring a virtual dermatopathology mentorship in the midst of the pandemic. Virtual mentorships have many benefits including ease of access, lack of geographic restrictions, and financial savings, though there still remains an important and irreplaceable role for in‐person relationships.
Body mass index moderates the association between diabetes distress and objective self‐management behaviours in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and elevated A1Cs
Authors: Trojanowski Paige J. , Pardon Alicia , Reynolds Cheyenne , O’Donnell Holly K. , Alonso G. Todd , Majidi Shideh , Snell‐Bergeon Janet , Wadwa R. Paul , Driscoll Kimberly A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the cross‐sectional associations between diabetes distress, BMI (zBMI; BMI z‐score), objectively measured mean daily blood glucose readings and insulin boluses administered, and A1C in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using insulin pumps.MethodsT1D self‐management behaviour data were downloaded from adolescents’ (N = 79) devices and mean daily frequency of blood glucose readings and insulin boluses were calculated. Diabetes distress was measured (Problem Areas in Diabetes–Teen questionnaire [PAID‐T]), A1C collected, and zBMI calculated from height and weight. Three multiple linear regressions were performed with blood glucose readings, insulin boluses, and A1C as the three dependent variables and covariates (age, T1D duration), zBMI, diabetes distress, and the diabetes distress x zBMI interaction as independent variables.ResultsParticipants (55.7% female) were 14.9 ± 1.9 years old with T1D for 6.6 ± 3.4 years. zBMI moderated the relationship between diabetes distress and mean daily insulin boluses administered (b = −0.02, p = 0.02); those with higher zBMI and higher diabetes distress administered fewer daily insulin boluses. zBMI was not a moderator of the association between diabetes distress and blood glucose readings (b = −0.01, p = 0.29) or A1C (b = 0.002, p = 0.81).ConclusionsUsing objective behavioural data is useful for identifying how adolescent diabetes distress and zBMI affect daily bolusing behaviour amongst adolescent insulin pump users. Although distinct interventions exist to improve T1D self‐management or diabetes distress, none addresses them together while considering zBMI. Decreasing diabetes distress could be especially important for youth with high zBMI.
Crop and landscape heterogeneity increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: A global review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Priyadarshana Tharaka S. , Martin Emily A. , Sirami Clélia , Woodcock Ben A. , Goodale Eben , Martínez‐Núñez Carlos , Lee Myung‐Bok , Pagani‐Núñez Emilio , Raderschall Chloé A. , Brotons Lluís , Rege Anushka , Ouin Annie , Tscharntke Teja , Slade Eleanor M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgricultural intensification not only increases food production but also drives widespread biodiversity decline. Increasing landscape heterogeneity has been suggested to increase biodiversity across habitats, while increasing crop heterogeneity may support biodiversity within agroecosystems. These spatial heterogeneity effects can be partitioned into compositional (land‐cover type diversity) and configurational heterogeneity (land‐cover type arrangement), measured either for the crop mosaic or across the landscape for both crops and semi‐natural habitats. However, studies have reported mixed responses of biodiversity to increases in these heterogeneity components across taxa and contexts. Our meta‐analysis covering 6397 fields across 122 studies conducted in Asia, Europe, North and South America reveals consistently positive effects of crop and landscape heterogeneity, as well as compositional and configurational heterogeneity for plant, invertebrate, vertebrate, pollinator and predator biodiversity. Vertebrates and plants benefit more from landscape heterogeneity, while invertebrates derive similar benefits from both crop and landscape heterogeneity. Pollinators benefit more from configurational heterogeneity, but predators favour compositional heterogeneity. These positive effects are consistent for invertebrates and vertebrates in both tropical/subtropical and temperate agroecosystems, and in annual and perennial cropping systems, and at small to large spatial scales. Our results suggest that promoting increased landscape heterogeneity by diversifying crops and semi‐natural habitats, as suggested in the current UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, is key for restoring biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.
The role of digital technologies in public sector coproduction and co‐creation: A structured literature review
Authors: Pauluzzo Rubens , Fedele Paolo , Dokalskaya Irina , Garlatti Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDigital technologies are changing the ways service users can cocreate value, thus rearranging relations between citizens and governments. However, research from a governance perspective is still in its infancy. Investigating 128 records, published until 2022, this article reviews and critiques the literature on digitalization and coproduction/co‐creation in public administration, offers an overview of the state of research, and outlines a future research agenda. The findings reveal four areas of concern that require more attention by researchers: the generation of public value; the analysis of the entire public service cycle; comparative studies; the mitigation of the risks arising from the implementation of digital technologies.
Impact of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, and Coastal Extratropical Storms on Indoor Air VOC Concentrations
Authors: Lutes Chris , Boyd Victoria , Buckley Gwen , Levy Laurent , Bronstein Kate , Zimmerman John H. , Williams Alan , Schumacher Brian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding vapor intrusion (VI) temporal variability is key for the design of sampling strategies intended to assess reasonable maximum exposure of indoor air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as risk evaluation and mitigation planning. VI temporal variability has previously been shown to be dependent on the complex interactions of multiple independent variables—meteorological, hydrogeological, and human behavioral. Several meteorological variables, including barometric pressure, wind speed, and rainfall, are linked during tropical and extratropical storm events. High‐frequency meteorological and indoor VOC data from a series of seven tropical storms and four extratropical storms were collected at a single industrial building with multiple heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) zones. The storms and sampling zones showed a variety of effects on trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations in indoor air. In one zone (supply room), increases in TCE concentrations often, but not always, closely coincided with decreasing barometric pressure, sustained wind speeds over 32 km/h (20 mph), and differential pressures indicating subslab to indoor flow. A second zone, in a restroom, did not show a consistent pattern of temporal correlation between meteorological factors and indoor air concentrations. While peak indoor air concentrations may be associated with the passage of cyclonic storms at some sampling locations, this does not appear to be generalizable to all sampling locations. The observed increase in indoor air concentration potentially attributable to these storms is typically less than an order of magnitude and the duration ranges from a day to a week.
Riding the wave of change: Providing solid ground to support nursing with patient transitions to novel haemophilia therapies
Authors: Crilly Erica , Harrison Cathy , Maahs Jennifer , Beijlevelt Marlene , Ramsay Brian , Githinji Cyrus , Sisdelli Marcela , Dsouza Anjalin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia nursing practice has experienced a shift in the past decade, as the historic chief focus on factor infusions shifted to extended half‐life products, bispecific antibody therapies and other non‐replacement therapies. This evolution has driven a need for changes in nursing practice in many haemophilia treatment centres.AimThis article intends to provide insights to the haemophilia nurse to champion practice changes at their haemophilia treatment centres.MethodsTwo popular change theories, Lewin's three‐step change model and Kotter's eight‐step change model are discussed as a framework for haemophilia nurses to think, structure and be leaders in change.ConclusionExamples of these models in practice could give guidance and examples to reflect on for haemophilia nurses needing to make changes in their practice settings. These models of change, alongside existing haemophilia nurse competencies and tools such as the shared decision‐making tool from the World Federation of Hemophilia, can assist the nurse to be a capable change agent to usher in these new innovations.
The (un)equal university: Training programmes and the commodification of race
Authors: Bhopal Kalwant 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is a plethora of evidence to suggest that academics of colour remain under represented in higher education; they are less likely to be professors and occupy senior managerial roles compared to White groups and report regular incidents of overt and covert racism. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion initiatives such as training programmes to progress the position of academics of colour into senior roles have been used to address their under representation. Drawing on Critical Race Theory this paper examines how within the neoliberal marketised university, such training programmes are used for the benefit of White groups to perpetuate White privilege.
Socioeconomic factors associated with uptake and satisfaction with a post‐hospitalization meals benefit in Medicare Advantage
Authors: Richards Anna L. , Vallejo Jessica , Duan Lewei , Dinsdale Mary P. , Akiyama‐Ciganek Jaime , Arakelian Annet , Lee Janet S. , Shen Ernest , Nguyen Huong Q. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundKaiser Permanente Southern California began offering a 4‐week supplemental benefit of home‐delivered meals to Medicare Advantage members after discharge from a hospitalization for heart failure and other medical conditions in 2021. The purpose of this study is to explore the associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and food insecurity with patient uptake of and satisfaction with the meals.MethodsData for this cross‐sectional study were drawn from survey and electronic medical record data for members referred for the meals benefit (n = 6169) and linked to a hospitalization encounter (n = 2254) between January and December 2021. Uptake was assessed using vendor records; measures of socioeconomic status included the neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and prior receipt of medical financial assistance (MFA) from the health system. Patients were invited to complete an email or phone survey about their satisfaction with the meals and food insecurity. Multivariable log‐binomial regression models were used to examine the association between socioeconomic disadvantage and food insecurity with meals uptake and satisfaction.ResultsSixty‐two percent of patients referred for the benefit accepted the meals (mean age: 79 ± 9, 59% people of color). While there was no significant relationship between NDI and meals uptake (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.92–1.07, p = 0.77), patients who received prior MFA were more likely to accept the meals (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16, p < 0.01). Sixty‐nine percent of patients who completed the survey (23% response rate) reported that meals were very or extremely helpful. Patients with food insecurity (29% of survey respondents) were more likely to report that the meals were helpful for their recovery compared to food secure patients (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.35, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe home‐delivered meals appeared to be particularly utilized by and helpful to patients with greater financial strain and/or food insecurity, suggesting that supplemental benefits could be more targeted toward addressing unmet needs of vulnerable adults.
Opening the black box of the use phase in circular economy life cycle assessments: Environmental performance of shell jacket reuse
Authors: André Hampus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) is highly needed and widely used to assess the environmental performance of circular economy (CE) measures such as reusing and sharing. However, the results of such LCAs are hampered by limited knowledge about the use phase of consumer products and oversimplification of important use phase aspects such as product functionality, user behavior, displacement, and rebound effects. This paper aims to validate the usefulness of a framework designed to assist practitioners in the generation and utilization of such knowledge in LCAs of circular measures. To validate the framework, a case study is used: reuse of shell jackets enabled by “premium secondhand” stores for outdoor equipment and clothing. The paper demonstrates that conclusions about the environmental performance of reuse can easily be altered depending on the functional unit definition, whether real user behavior data are used, and whether imperfect displacement and rebound effects are considered. For instance, shell jacket life cycles that include reuse and thus may be labeled “circular” have significantly higher environmental impact per use occasion than “linear” ones (used by one principal user the entire lifespan), since “circular” shell jackets are used less frequently, in particular during their first use span. Through facilitating the generation and utilization of environmentally relevant use phase data, which are otherwise often overlooked, the framework seems capable of supporting a better understanding of the environmental performance of CE measures.
Efficacy of probiotic supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Kebo , Liao Xiaoshu , Yang Tianlin , He Xin , Yang Dongyue , Lai Lingyao , Lang Jing , Xiao Min , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveMany studies have emphasized the possible role of probiotics in psoriasis, probiotic supplementation might be helpful to treat psoriasis. This study systematically evaluated the efficacy of probiotic supplementation for the treatment of psoriasis.MethodsWe searched some databases with keywords until November 10, 2023, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. These keywords included probiotics, psoriasis RCT, and so on. After rigorous literature screening by two authors, five studies were identified. Eventually, the required data were independently extracted by another author.ResultsA total of five studies with 286 patients were included. The pooled results showed that the efficacy of probiotic supplementation was superior to placebo in the treatment of psoriasis. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (SMD = −1.40, 95% Cl = −2.63 to −0.17, p < 0.00001) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (SMD = −0.92, 95% Cl = −1.86 to 0.01, p < 0.00001). Score decreased after probiotic supplementation.ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis showed that probiotic supplementation could be a new treatment option for psoriasis.
Comparative nutrient drawdown capacities of farmed kelps and implications of metabolic strategy and nutrient source
Authors: Stephens Tiffany , Umanzor Schery 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeaweed aquaculture, particularly kelp farming, is a popular topic as a potential solution for mitigating anthropogenic pollutants and enhancing coastal drawdown of carbon and nitrogen. Using a common garden approach, this study evaluated nutrient drawdown capacities of Alaria marginata (ribbon kelp) and Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) across four commercial kelp farms in Southeast and Southcentral Alaska. Our findings show that A. marginata exhibited ~30% more carbon and 21% more nitrogen content compared to S. latissima. These results demonstrate the potential for A. marginata to serve as a more efficient species for nutrient drawdown into farmed kelp tissues (per unit biomass) for consideration of potential mitigative actions. The efficacy of this drawdown is likely to be driven by the careful pairing of kelp species with farming environment. Temporally, there was a noted increase in carbon content and a decline in nitrogen content from March to May for both species, consistent with known seasonal nutrient dynamics in coastal waters. Notably, differences in the carbon stable isotope signatures (δ13C) between the kelps may hint at variations in metabolic pathways and nutrient sourcing, particularly concerning the preferential assimilation of CO2 versus , and highlight the need for further work on this topic for applied macroalgal research.
Crocosphaera watsonii – A widespread nitrogen‐fixing unicellular marine cyanobacterium
Authors: Masuda Takako , Mareš Jan , Shiozaki Takuhei , Inomura Keisuke , Fujiwara Amane , Prášil Ondřej 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCrocosphaera watsonii is a unicellular N2‐fixing (diazotrophic) cyanobacterium observed in tropical and subtropical oligotrophic oceans. As a diazotroph, it can be a source of bioavailable nitrogen (N) to the microbial community in N‐limited environments, and this may fuel primary production in the regions where it occurs. Crocosphaera watsonii has been the subject of intense study, both in culture and in field populations. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the phylogenetic and physiological diversity of C. watsonii, its distribution, and its ecological niche. Analysis of the relationships among the individual Crocosphaera species and related free‐living and symbiotic lineages of diazotrophs based on the nifH gene have shown that the C. watsonii group holds a basal position and that its sequence is more similar to Rippkaea and Zehria than to other Crocosphaera species. This finding warrants further scrutiny to determine if the placement is related to a horizontal gene transfer event. Here, the nifH UCYN‐B gene copy number from a recent synthesis effort was used as a proxy for relative C. watsonii abundance to examine patterns of C. watsonii distribution as a function of environmental factors, like iron and phosphorus concentration, and complimented with a synthesis of C. watsonii physiology. Furthermore, we have summarized the current knowledge of C. watsonii with regards to N2 fixation, photosynthesis, and quantitative modeling of physiology. Because N availability can limit primary production, C. watsonii is widely recognized for its importance to carbon and N cycling in ocean ecosystems, and we conclude this review by highlighting important topics for further research on this important species.
Genetic architecture of inbreeding depression may explain its persistence in a population of wild red deer
Authors: Hewett Anna M. , Johnston Susan E. , Morris Alison , Morris Sean , Pemberton Josephine M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInbreeding depression is of major concern in declining populations, but relatively little is known about its genetic architecture in wild populations, such as the degree to which it is composed of large or small effect loci and their distribution throughout the genome. Here, we combine fitness and genomic data from a wild population of red deer to investigate the genomic distribution of inbreeding effects. Based on the runs of homozygosity (ROH)‐based inbreeding coefficient, FROH, we use chromosome‐specific inbreeding coefficients (FROHChr) to explore whether the effect of inbreeding varies between chromosomes. Under the assumption that within an individual the probability of being identical‐by‐descent is equal across all chromosomes, we used a multi‐membership model to estimate the deviation of FROHChr from the average inbreeding effect. This novel approach ensures effect sizes are not overestimated whilst maximising the power of our available dataset of >3000 individuals genotyped on >35,000 autosomal SNPs. We find that most chromosomes confer a minor reduction in fitness‐related traits, which when these effects are summed, results in the observed inbreeding depression in birth weight, survival and lifetime breeding success. However, no chromosomes had a significant detrimental effect compared to the overall effect of inbreeding, indicating no major effect loci. We conclude that in this population, inbreeding depression is likely the result of multiple mildly or moderately deleterious mutations spread across all chromosomes, which are difficult to detect with statistical confidence. Such mutations will be inefficiently purged, which may explain the persistence of inbreeding depression in this population.