bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pleural effusions post orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: MISRA Heather , DIKENSOY Oner , RODRIGUEZ R. Michael , BILACEROGLU Semra , WIGGER Mark , AARON Mark , LIGHT Richard 
Published: October 2007

Background and objective:  The prevalence and natural history of pleural effusions occurring after orthotopic heart transplantations (OHT) are essentially unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, laterality, size and prognosis of pleural effusions occurring after OHT.Methods:  Eighty‐three patients who underwent OHT between August 1997 and January 2003 were screened retrospectively. CXR and chest CT scans of all patients were reviewed. Chart review was performed for patients with large effusions (occupying 25% or more of a hemithorax) with specific attention to thoracentesis results.Results:  Seventy‐two patients were included in the study. Sixty‐one (85%) developed an effusion at some time during the first 365 postoperative days. The majority of post‐OHT effusions were bilateral and small, occupying less than 25% of the hemithorax. Pleural effusions occupying 25% or more of a hemithorax occurred in 17% (12/72) of the patients within 12 months of OHT. Overall, the majority of effusions resolved within the first year after transplantation.Conclusions:  The prevalence of pleural effusions within 12 months following OHT is high (85%). Most effusions are small, bilateral and resolve within 1 year.
Geovisualization of Human Hybrid Activity‐Travel Patterns
Authors: Ren Fang , Kwan Mei‐Po 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWhile GIS‐based geovisualization techniques have been fruitfully employed in a wide range of fields, they have not been applied to explore human hybrid activity‐travel patterns (i.e. the patterns of people's activities and/or travel in both the physical and virtual worlds). This study develops two geovisualization approaches using 3D and 2D GIS techniques to address the difficulties faced by past studies. First, the notions of information cube and hybrid 3D space‐time paths are developed to accommodate cyberspatial activities in exploratory data analysis. Second, a new representation of 2D space‐time paths that incorporates parallel coordinate plots is developed for exploring the multiple attributes of people's Internet and physical activities. These two methods were implemented using ArcObjects and the Visual Basic for Applications environment in ArcGIS. They were used to visualize a complex Internet‐activity diary dataset collected in Columbus (Ohio, USA). The study shows that the 3D and 2D geovisualization methods developed allow us to uncover important patterns in hybrid human activity‐travel behavior.
Enabling Spatially Aware Mobile Applications
Authors: Simon Rainer , Fröhlich Peter , Anegg Hermann 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecently, increasing numbers of mobile phones are appearing on the market that feature advanced navigation capabilities: embedded GPS receivers for global positioning, integrated digital compasses for detecting the heading of the device, or accelerometer‐based tilt sensors will potentially enable upcoming and future mobile phones to measure their location and orientation in 3D space. In this paper, we present an application framework for building spatially aware mobile applications – applications that visualize, process or exchange geospatial information – on mobile phones equipped with such features. The core component of the framework is a novel, platform‐independent XML data exchange format for the interface between application server and mobile device that describes the geographic vicinity of the user. The format enables a variety of new mobile interaction styles and user interface types – from traditional text‐based local search and information interfaces to innovative real‐time user interfaces like Geo‐Wands and Smart Compasses.
Review: Does Warfarin Safely Prevent Clotting of Hemodialysis Catheters?
Authors: Willms Lisa , Vercaigne Lavern M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article reviews the efficacy and safety of warfarin to prevent tunneled cuffed catheter (TCC) thrombosis in the hemodialysis population. Literature searches of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were performed until April 1, 2007. Bibliographies of relevant articles were reviewed for additional publications. Minidose (1 mg/day) warfarin is ineffective in preventing TCC malfunction. Warfarin titrated to an international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.5–2.0, 1.8–2.5, and 2.0‐3.0 was found to decrease the rate of thrombosis in selected patients. Early initiation of warfarin after catheter placement may be advantageous. Despite evidence of efficacy, safety is of greater concern. There were no major bleeds reported at an INR range of 1.5–2.5 specifically in catheter studies. However, an increase in major bleeding episodes has been reported with INR ranging from 1.4 to 3.0 in patients receiving warfarin for other indications (e.g., graft patency or cardiovascular indications). There is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of warfarin to prevent TCC thrombosis in all patients, primarily because of safety concerns. There is an increased risk of bleeding associated with warfarin use in the hemodialysis population. If a decision is made to use warfarin on a case‐by‐case basis, literature to date suggests that an INR target of 1.5–2.5 should suffice. Bleeding must be monitored carefully in this population, especially in patients using antiplatelet medications for concurrent conditions.
Are concomitant patch test reactions to epoxy resin and BIS‐GMA indicative of cross‐reactivity?
Authors: Geier Johannes , Lessmann Holger , Uter Wolfgang , Schnuch Axel 
Published: October 2007

Background:  Despite rare simultaneous exposure, concomitant sensitisation to bisphenol A diglycidyl methacrylate (BIS‐GMA) and epoxy resin frequently occurs. Immunological cross‐reactivity has not been proven by animal experiments so far.Objective:  Our objective was to examine cross‐reactivity epidemiologically by analysing data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK).Patients/methods:  From 2001 to 2005, 3,777 patients were patch tested with epoxy resin and BIS‐GMA in the IVDK. We retrospectively analysed concomitant reactions to these allergens and to BIS‐GMA and selected methacrylates. Additionally, we compared clinical characteristics of patients reacting to both, epoxy resin and BIS‐GMA, with those of patients reacting to epoxy resin or BIS‐GMA only.Results:  185 patients reacted to epoxy resin, and 40 to BIS‐GMA. Of the latter, 34 reacted to epoxy resin. There was no difference concerning exposure between the above‐mentioned groups of patients. Concomitant reactions to BIS‐GMA and methacrylates hardly ever occurred.Conclusions: Considering the fact that very few patients had been potentially exposed to BIS‐GMA and that 85% of those reacting to BIS‐GMA also reacted to epoxy resin, we conclude that our data are presumably indicative of immunological cross‐reactivity. A verification of this hypothesis by animal experiments would be promising.
Fear of Sexual Intercourse in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Study of Associated Morbidity
Authors: Kazemi-Saleh Davoud , Pishgou Bahram , Assari Shervin , Tavallaii Seyed Abbass 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTIntroductionSexual fear is a known cause for avoidance of intercourse, especially in patients with chronic conditions.AimGiven the significant impact of fear of intercourse on the quality of life, we herein report our pilot results regarding the differences in the demographic, clinical, marital, and psychological characteristics of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with and without sexual fear.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study conducted in Baqyiatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2006, 87 married CAD patients were assessed for the presence of sexual fear. Subjects with and without sexual fear were compared for demographic and clinical data as well as for Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Revised-Dyadic Adjustment Scale (R-DAS) scores.Main Outcome MeasureDemographic and clinical data, sexual fear (Relationship and Sexuality Scale), symptoms of anxiety and depression (HADS), and marital relation quality (R-DAS).ResultsTwenty-nine subjects were reported to have some degrees of fear of sexual intercourse and a lower frequency of sexual intercourse. Age, socioeconomic status, education level, tobacco smoking, and history of myocardial infarction were significantly different between those with and the ones without sexual fear. Body mass index, extent of coronary involvement, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, stroke, hyperlipidemia, history of diabetes, and the use of beta-blockers were not statistically different in the two groups. The subjects with sexual fear reported higher HADS depressive and R-DAS scores but not higher HADS anxiety scores.ConclusionAmong different nonmodifiable and modifiable correlates of fear of sexual intercourse in CAD patients, marital relationship and depressive symptoms should be highlighted in future interventional studies with the aim of allaying such fears.
Visualization and Characterization of High‐Order Chromatin Fibers under Light Microscope during Interphase and Mitotic Stages in Plants
Authors: Liu Jing‐Yu , She Chao‐Wen , Hu Zhong‐Li , Li Fen , Diao Ying , Liu Li‐Hua , Song Yun‐Chun 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Using genomic in situ hybridization with genomic DNA, high‐order chromatin fibers were successfully exhibited under a light microscope through the cell cycle in barley, rice, maize and field bean. From the interphase to prophase and metaphase of mitosis, the fibers were basically similar. Each was estimated to be around 200 nm in diameter, but the strength of signals was not the same along the fiber length. Through the cell cycle a series of dynamic distribution changes occurred in the fibers. In the interphase, they were unraveled. At the early prophase they were arranged with parallel and mirror symmetry. During late‐prophase and metaphase, the fibers were bundled and became different visible chromosomes. The parallel coiling and mirror symmetry structures were visible clearly until the metaphase. In anaphase they disappeared. During telophase, in peripheral regions of congregated chromosome group, borderlines of the chromosomes disappeared and the fibers were unraveled. This demonstrated that mitotic chromosomes are assembled and organized by parallel and adjacent coiling of the fibers and the fibers should be the highest order structure for DNA coiling.
Gibberellin Is Involved in the Regulation of Cell Death‐mediated Apical Senescence in G2 Pea
Authors: Wang Da‐Yong , Li Qing , Cui Ke‐Ming , Zhu Yu‐Xian 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Senescence is the process of programmed degradation. The G2 line of pea exhibits apical senescence‐delaying phenotype under short‐day (SD) conditions, but the mechanism regulating the apical senescence is still largely unknown. Gibberellin (GA) was proved to be able to delay this apical senescence phenotype in G2 pea grown under long‐day (LD) conditions. Here we show that the initiation of cell death signals in the terminal floral meristem was involved in the regulation of apical senescence in pea plants. SD signals prevented the formation of the cell death region in the apical mersitem. Moreover, GA3 treatment could effectively inhibit the occurrence of cell death‐mediated apical senescence in LD‐grown apical buds. Therefore, our data suggest that the prevention of apical senescence in SD‐grown G2 pea through GA3 treatment may be largely responsible for the regulation of occurrence of the DNA fragmentation in apical meristem.
A descriptive profile of age-specific knee extension flexion strength in elite junior tennis players
Authors: Ellenbecker Todd S , Roetert E Paul , Sueyoshi Tetsuro , Riewald Scott 
Published: October 2007

Background:Tennis requires repetitive multidirectional movement patterns that can lead to lower extremity injury. Knowledge of population and age-specific strength parameters can be used during performance enhancement training and rehabilitation of tennis players.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to generate population and age-specific descriptive profiles of concentric isokinetic knee extension and flexion strength in elite junior tennis players, and determine whether bilateral differences exist between extremities and across age ranges.Methods:A total of 103 elite male tennis players (mean (SD) 15.92 (2.14), range 11–21) and 53 female tennis players (mean (SD) 15.0 (2.30, range 11–21) were isokinetically tested on a Cybex 6000 isokinetic dynamometer at 180 and 300°/s to assess bilateral concentric knee extension and flexion strength using a standard bilateral testing protocol.Results:No significant bilateral difference between the dominant (racquet side) lower extremity and the contralateral non-dominant side were measured in lower extremity knee extension or flexion strength normalised to body weight, or in the hamstring quadriceps strength ratios in male and female subjects. Male subjects did show significant (p<0.001) increases in knee extension and flexion strength across the age ranges from 11–15 years of age to 16–21 years. Female subjects did not show any significant change in the normalised knee extension or flexion strength across age ranges. Hamstring/quadriceps strength ratios were bilaterally symmetric and remained clinically and statistically constant across age ranges for the male and female elite tennis players.Conclusions:Population and age-specific isokinetic descriptive data from elite tennis players can provide guidance in the development and monitoring of performance enhancement and rehabilitation programs for elite tennis players. The changes identified in normalised knee extension and flexion strength in elite male tennis players necessitate the use of population and age-specific descriptive data.
Pre- and post-impact muscle activation in the tennis volley: effects of ball speed, ball size and side of the body
Authors: Chow John W , Knudson Duane V , Tillman Mark D , Andrew Damon P S 
Published: October 2007

Aim:To examine the pre- and post-impact activation of five upper extremity muscles in the tennis volley across conditions of ball speed, ball type and side of the body.Methods:A repeated measures design in a biomechanics laboratory setting was used. A total of 24 recreational tennis players (mean (SD) age 24 (5) years, height 176 (10) cm, mass 76 (13) kg) were recruited from a university. Participants performed tennis volleys under 18 ball conditions: three ball speeds (slow, medium and fast), with three ball types (two oversize and one regular size) each from two sides (forehand and backhand). Average normalised electromyographic levels of the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis, triceps brachii, anterior/middle deltoid and posterior/middle deltoid of the hitting arm during pre- and post-impact phases (200 ms before and after ball–racquet impact, respectively) were assessed.Results:For the pre-impact phase, a significant muscle and side interaction (p<0.001) and significant main effects for speed (p = 0.002) and muscle (p<0.001) were observed. For the post-impact phase, significant interactions were observed for ball type and side (p = 0.002), ball speed and side (p = 0.011) and muscle and side (p = 0.001), as well significant main effects for muscle (p<0.001), speed (p = 0.035) and side (p<0.001).Conclusion:Oversize tennis balls do not significantly increase upper extremity muscle activation compared to regular size balls during a tennis volley. The highest post-impact activation was observed in the ECR indicating a vigorous wrist stabilisation role that could irritate players with lateral epicondylalgia.
Unconscious Word Processing Engages a Distributed Network of Brain Regions
Authors: Diaz Michele T. , McCarthy Gregory 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A briefly exposed visual stimulus may not be consciously perceived if it is preceded and followed by a dissimilar visual pattern or mask. Despite the subject's lack of awareness, prior behavioral studies have shown that such masked stimuli, nevertheless, engage domain-specific processes [Dehaene, S., Naccache, L., Cohen, L., Le Bihan, D., Mangin, J.-F., Poline, J.-B., et al. Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 752–758, 2001; Bar, M., & Biederman, I. Subliminal visual priming. Psychological Science, 9, 464–469, 1998; Dehaene, S., Naccache, L., Le Clec'H, G., Koechlin, E., Mueller, M., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., et al. Imaging unconscious semantic priming. Nature, 395, 597–600, 1998; Whalen, P. J., Rauch, S. L., Etcoff, N. L., McInerney, S. C., Lee, M. B., & Jenike, M. A. Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 411–418, 1998; Marcel, A. J. Conscious and unconscious perception: Experiments on visual masking and word recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 197–237, 1983]. Masking thus provides a method for identifying language processes that are preattentive and automatic. Functional magnetic resonance imaging used in concert with masking may identify brain regions engaged by these unconscious language processes. In an adaptation design, subjects viewed a continuous stream of masked words and masked nonwords while performing an unrelated detection task, in which they were asked to make a response to a visible colored nonword stimulus (i.e., ampersands in red or blue font). Most trials were masked nonwords and masked words were presented once every 12–15 sec. The task ensured participant engagement, while the masked nonword baseline controlled for perceptual and orthographic processing. Participants were naïve to the purpose of the experiment and testing indicated that they did not consciously perceive either the words or nonwords. Masked words, but not masked nonwords, strongly activated left hemisphere language regions, including Broca's area, the angular gyrus, and the lateral temporal lobe. Differential activation of the posterior corpus callosum was also observed.
Early Face Processing Specificity: It's in the Eyes!
Authors: Itier Roxane J. , Alain Claude , Sedore Katherine , McIntosh Anthony R. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Unlike most other objects that are processed analytically, faces are processed configurally. This configural processing is reflected early in visual processing following face inversion and contrast reversal, as an increase in the N170 amplitude, a scalp-recorded event-related potential. Here, we show that these face-specific effects are mediated by the eye region. That is, they occurred only when the eyes were present, but not when eyes were removed from the face. The N170 recorded to inverted and negative faces likely reflects the processing of the eyes. We propose a neural model of face processing in which face- and eye-selective neurons situated in the superior temporal sulcus region of the human brain respond differently to the face configuration and to the eyes depending on the face context. This dynamic response modulation accounts for the N170 variations reported in the literature. The eyes may be central to what makes faces so special.
Democracy, Capitalism, and Income Inequality: Seeking Causal Directions
Authors: Burkhart Ross 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecent research shows that lower levels of income inequality cause higher levels of democracy, and vice versa in a simultaneous relationship. A critical factor missing from these studies is a direct exogenous measure of capitalism in models explaining variation in income inequality and democracy. This study examines 50 countries over the years 1978–1993 and finds in a pooled two stage least squares modeling exercise that the Fraser Institute measure of capitalism appears to have a weakly positive linear impact on POLITY IV measures of democracy and a weakly positive linear impact on income inequality (more capitalism, more inequality). There appears to be no higher-order relationship between capitalism and democracy or income inequality, though there is a weak parabolic relationship between democracy and income inequality.
The Paradox of Ethnic Minority Development in Beijing
Authors: Hasmath Reza 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe educational attainments of Beijing's permanent ethnic minority population out perform or are on par with the dominant, local Hans. Yet, the Han demographic disproportionately dominates the high-wage, education-intensive employment sectors. What accounts for this paradox? What does this signify regarding the management of ethnic difference in the capital city? And how do we improve this situation? Drawing upon recent research, this paper will offer sociological explanations to answer these questions. Moreover, it will further suggest strategies for enhancing the development of ethnic minorities in Beijing.
Social Structure and Personality during the Transformation of Urban China: A Preliminary Report of an Ongoing Research Project
Authors: Li Lulu , Wang Weidong , Kohn Melvin , Yue Yin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the theoretical rationale and research design of an ongoing study of social structure and personality in transitional urban China. The study is designed to be precisely comparable to recent studies in Poland and Ukraine during the early stages of their transformation from socialism to nascent capitalism, as well as to earlier studies of the United States, Poland when it was socialist, and Japan during more stable times. The paper also presents evidence that the dimensions of personality measured in the previous studies, and the questions used to measure those dimensions, are as appropriate for a study of urban China as they were to studies of the United States, Poland, Japan, and Ukraine, during times both of relative social stability and of radical social change; moreover, these measures of personality are essentially invariant for Chinese cities of differing degrees of wealth and privatization, and for both genders.
Parliamentarians as Errand Boys in France, Britain and the United States
Authors: Dogan Mattei 
Published: October 2007

AbstractComparison of three democracies that practice the single member constituency, the common denominator of which is the importance parliamentarians grant to the local issues in their electoral constituencies, often to the detriment of their roles as national legislators and holders of popular legitimacy. These "local servitudes" that entail frequent visits to the constituency and sustained contact with the electors, are examined in terms of tending to the local electoral garden. Emphasis is placed on the similarities between parliamentarians' local preoccupations, in spite of the differences that exist between these three political regimes.
The Surface Friction of Yarns
Authors: Saxl Erwin J. 
Published: October 2007

Yarn friction is of considerable importance in the manufacture and conversion of all types of yarns and threads. It is indicative of the value of softening and lubricating compounds, of dyestuffs and chemicals, and also of the influence of sizing upon the yarn. Furthermore it indicates the effect of flyers, tension devices, and other guiding parts of machinery in roughening up the yarn. In order to determine the coefficient of friction of yarns and thus to get knowledge of the running quality of threads, an apparatus has been developed whereby a yarn is lifted under precision conditions until a standard rider placed upon the yarn begins to travel. At this point the angle of inclination is read on a protractor and from this the coefficient of friction of the yarn is determined simply and quantitatively.