bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reimagining academic freedom: a companion piece
Authors: Pirrie Anne , Manum Kari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We consider academic freedom in the context of broader developments in higher education. We suggest that the tenor of contemporary debates on the subject is a manifestation of pervasive forms of authoritarianism that undermine the university as a home of adventure, a place and space that is conducive to the conduct of free inquiry.
It is evident that some champions of academic freedom engage in dangerously polarized forms of spectacle, engendered by a management culture that embraces showmanship and routinely favours talking over listening. As such, they represent a force for conformity rather than dissent; division rather than collective action. These forms of spectacle jeopardize rather than promote the principles of academic freedom by polarizing the terms of the debate for maximum ‘impact’. We explore the implications of conceptualizations of academic freedom that focus on the rights of everyone in the university. We also suggest that the notion might usefully be extended to those on precarious contracts, and to students facing normative expectations about what constitutes ‘progress’ in academic practice. Drawing upon Timothy Snyder’s On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century and an essay by Vaclav Havel, we reassess the notion of the ‘pursuit of truth’ that underlies conventional definitions of academic freedom.
We conclude with a brief vignette, a rousing endorsement of the ineffable and irreducible qualities of friendship. This entails slaying a fictitious, three-headed dragon and embracing a form of spectacle that transcends attempts to capture why it moves us. We leave the reader with warm-blooded traces of energy, curiosity, liveliness, and quiet determination.
Application of the thermal death time model in predicting thermal damage accumulation in plants
Authors: Faber Andreas H , Ørsted Michael , Ehlers Bodil Kirstine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The thermal death time (TDT) model suggests that the duration for which an organism can tolerate thermal stress decreases exponentially as the intensity of the temperature becomes more extreme. This model has been used to predict damage accumulation in ectothermic animals and plants under fluctuating thermal conditions. However, the critical assumption of the TDT model, which is additive damage accumulation, remains unverified for plants. We assessed thermal damage in Thymus vulgaris under different heat and cold treatments, and used TDT models to predict time to thermal failure of PSII. Additionally, thermal tolerance estimates from previous studies were used to create TDT models to assess the applicability of this framework in plants. We show that thermal damage is additive between 44 °C and 47 °C and between –6.5 °C and –8 °C, and that the TDT model can predict damage accumulation at both temperature extremes. Data from previous studies indicate a broad applicability of this approach across plant species and traits. The TDT framework reveals a thermal tolerance landscape describing the relationship between exposure duration, stress intensity, and percentage damage accumulation. The extreme thermal sensitivity of plants emphasizes that even a 1 °C increase in future extreme temperatures could impact their mortality and distribution.
Influence of the Emitter Shape on the Field-of-View in Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Dialameh Masoud , Ling Yu-Ting , Bogdanowicz Janusz , Zharinov Vyacheslav S , Richard Olivier , Vandervorst Wilfried , Fleischmann Claudia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) is a unique analytical technique that offers three-dimensional elemental mapping with a spatial resolution down to the sub-nanometer. When APT is applied on complex heterogenous systems and/or under certain experimental conditions, that is, laser illumination, the specimen shape can deviate from an ideal hemisphere. Insufficient consideration of this aspect can introduce artifacts in the reconstructed dataset, ultimately degrading its spatial accuracy. So far, there has been limited investigation into the detailed evolution of emitter shape and its impact on the field-of-view (FOV). In this study, we numerically and experimentally investigated the FOV for asymmetric emitters and its evolution throughout the analysis depth. Our analysis revealed that, for asymmetric emitters, the ions evaporated from the topmost region of the specimen (summit) project approximately to the detector center. Furthermore, we demonstrated the implications of this finding on the FOV location for asymmetric emitters. Based on our findings, the location of the center of the FOV can deviate from the specimen central axis with an evolution depending on the evolution of the emitter shape. This study highlights the importance of accounting for the specimen shape when developing advanced data reconstruction schemes to enhance spatial resolution and accuracy.
Milliarcsecond localization of the hyperactive repeating FRB 20220912A
Authors: Hewitt Danté M , Bhandari Shivani , Marcote Benito , Hessels Jason W T , Nimmo Kenzie , Kirsten Franz , Bach Uwe , Bezrukovs Vladislavs , Bhardwaj Mohit , Blaauw Richard , Bray Justin D , Buttaccio Salvatore , Corongiu Alessandro , Gawroński Marcin P , Giroletti Marcello , Keimpema Aard , Maccaferri Giuseppe M , Paragi Zsolt , Trudu Matteo , Snelders Mark P , Venturi Tiziana , Wang Na , Williams-Baldwin David R A , Wrigley Nicholas H , Yang Jun , Yuan Jianping P 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present very long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the hyperactive repeating FRB 20220912A using the European VLBI Network (EVN) outside of regular observing sessions (EVN-Lite). We detected 150 bursts from FRB 20220912A over two observing epochs in 2022 October. Combining the burst data allows us to localize FRB 20220912A to a precision of a few milliarcseconds, corresponding to a transverse scale of less than 10 pc at the distance of the source. This precise localization shows that FRB 20220912A lies closer to the centre of its host galaxy than previously found, although still significantly offset from the host galaxy’s nucleus. On arcsecond scales, FRB 20220912A is coincident with a persistent continuum radio source known from archival observations; however, we find no compact persistent emission on milliarcsecond scales. The 5σ upper limit on the presence of such a compact persistent radio source is 120 μJy, corresponding to a luminosity limit of (D/362.4 Mpc)$^2\, 1.8\times 10^{28}$erg s−1 Hz−1. The persistent radio emission is thus likely to be from star formation in the host galaxy. This is in contrast to some other active FRBs, such as FRB 20121102A and FRB 20190520B.
Comparing emission- and absorption-based gas-phase metallicities in GRB host galaxies at z = 2−4 using JWST
Authors: Schady P , Yates R M , Christensen L , De Cia A , Rossi A , D’Elia V , Heintz K E , Jakobsson P , Laskar T , Levan A , Salvaterra R , Starling R L C , Tanvir N R , Thöne C C , Vergani S , Wiersema K , Arabsalmani M , Chen H -W , De Pasquale M , Fruchter A , Fynbo J P U , García-Benito R , Gompertz B , Hartmann D , Kouveliotou C , Milvang-Jensen B , Palazzi E , Perley D A , Piranomonte S , Pugliese G , Savaglio S , Sbarufatti B , Schulze S , Tagliaferri G , Postigo A de Ugarte , Watson D , Wiseman P 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Much of what is known of the chemical composition of the universe is based on emission line spectra from star-forming galaxies. Emission-based inferences are, nevertheless, model-dependent and they are dominated by light from luminous star-forming regions. An alternative and sensitive probe of the metallicity of galaxies is through absorption lines imprinted on the luminous afterglow spectra of long gamma ray bursts (GRBs) from neutral material within their host galaxy. We present results from a JWST/NIRSpec programme to investigate for the first time the relation between the metallicity of neutral gas probed in absorption by GRB afterglows and the metallicity of the star-forming regions for the same host galaxy sample. Using an initial sample of eight GRB host galaxies at z = 2.1–4.7, we find a tight relation between absorption and emission line metallicities when using the recently proposed $\hat{R}$ metallicity diagnostic (±0.2 dex). This agreement implies a relatively chemically homogeneous multiphase interstellar medium and indicates that absorption and emission line probes can be directly compared. However, the relation is less clear when using other diagnostics, such as R23 and R3. We also find possible evidence of an elevated N/O ratio in the host galaxy of GRB 090323 at z = 4.7, consistent with what has been seen in other z &gt; 4 galaxies. Ultimate confirmation of an enhanced N/O ratio and of the relation between absorption and emission line metallicities will require a more direct determination of the emission line metallicity via the detection of temperature-sensitive auroral lines in our GRB host galaxy sample.
Cigarette Prices and Smoking Experimentation Among Zimbabwean Children: A Survival Analysis of the 2014 Global Youth Tobacco Survey
Authors: Dare Chengetai , Boachie Micheal Kofi , van Walbeek Corné 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Zimbabwe has a smoking prevalence of 11.7% among the adult population (15 years and older). Thus, in the absence of effective tobacco control measures, the economic burden of tobacco use will be aggravated, especially considering the increasing tobacco industry activity in the country. Increasing cigarette prices is one possible strategy to reduce tobacco consumption. This study seeks to examine the relationship between cigarette prices and smoking experimentation among children in Zimbabwe, thereby expanding the evidence base for the likely impact of excise taxes on cigarette demand in low- and middle-income countries.

Aims and Methods
A survival analysis using the Zimbabwe 2014 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data.

Results
A 10% increase in the price of cigarettes reduces the probability of experimenting with smoking by 9%. Also, children are more likely to experiment with smoking if they have a smoking brother or father who smokes, or see teachers who smoke. The likelihood of experimenting with smoking is higher among boys than girls and is positively associated with age.

Conclusions
There is strong evidence that increasing excise taxes can play an effective role in discouraging children from experimenting with cigarette smoking. Considering the relatively low excise tax burden in Zimbabwe, the government should consider substantially increasing the excise tax burden.

Implications
With the number of smokers in low- and middle-income countries expected to increase as the industry intensively expands its market by targeting the youth, increasing excise taxes will play a significant role in preventing children from initiating smoking and help those who are already using tobacco to quit. An increase in the excise tax increases the retail price of tobacco products, making them less affordable, and reduces the demand for them.
Genetic Susceptibility to Astrovirus Diarrhea in Bangladeshi Infants
Authors: Chen Laura , Munday Rebecca M , Haque Rashidul , Duchen Dylan , Nayak Uma , Korpe Poonum , Mentzer Alexander J , Kirkpatrick Beth D , Wojcik Genevieve L , Petri William A , Duggal Priya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Astroviral infections commonly cause acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children globally. However, these infections often go undiagnosed outside of research settings. There is no treatment available for astrovirus, and Astroviridae strain diversity presents a challenge to potential vaccine development.

Methods
To address our hypothesis that host genetic risk factors are associated with astrovirus disease susceptibility, we performed a genome-wide association study of astrovirus infection in the first year of life from children enrolled in 2 Bangladeshi birth cohorts.

Results
We identified a novel region on chromosome 1 near the loricrin gene (LOR) associated with astrovirus diarrheal infection (rs75437404; meta-analysis P = 8.82 × 10−9; A allele odds ratio, 2.71) and on chromosome 10 near the prolactin releasing hormone receptor gene (PRLHR) (rs75935441; meta-analysis P = 1.33 × 10−8; C allele odds ratio, 4.17). The prolactin-releasing peptide has been shown to influence feeding patterns and energy balance in mice. In addition, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the chromosome 1 locus have previously been associated with expression of innate immune system genes PGLYRP4, S100A9, and S100A12.

Conclusions
This study identified 2 significant host genetic regions that may influence astrovirus diarrhea susceptibility and should be considered in further studies.
The World Health Organization as an engine of ideational robustness
Authors: Denis Jean-Louis , Foucault Gaëlle , Larouche Pierre , Régis Catherine , Cohen Miriam , Girard Marie-Andrée 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper focuses on the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in promoting a healthy world population as a generative and robust idea within health policy. The WHO’s health credo transcends national boundaries to promote health globally. It is embedded in norms, values, and standards promulgated by the organization and contributes in shaping the health responses of national governments. Ideational robustness refers to the ability of the WHO to adapt its health credo to changing contexts and circumstances, thus promoting the legitimacy of an international health order. Disturbances, including the Covid-19 pandemic, test the credo’s robustness, forcing the WHO to constantly work at reframing ideas to adapt to political forces and competing logics that structure the field of international health. Empirically, the paper is based on an historical analysis of the evolution of the health credo of the WHO since its inception. Qualitative content analysis of secondary sources, such as policy documents, explores how ideational work performed by WHO leaders impacts on the organization’s position and legitimacy. Ideational robustness appears to be largely influenced by leadership vision, preexisting organizational structure, and the political economy of international health. Ideational robustness appears as a powerful yet insufficient ingredient of policy success.
Impact of a resilience-building energy management intervention for people with systemic sclerosis: a mixed methods study
Authors: Chen Yen T , Harper Alexandra E , Phanhdone Tiffany , Alore Mary , Hicks Sheri , Pape Adam , Jay Gina M , Bolde Shannen , Feldpausch Jennie , Guetterman Timothy C , Khanna Dinesh , Murphy Susan L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
People with SSc often experience fatigue, which significantly affects daily life functioning and quality of life. We aimed to explore participants’ experiences of a peer health–coached resilience-building energy management to enhance well-being (RENEW) intervention on symptoms and well-being and to use mixed methods to compare how SSc duration influenced the experiences of participants who had clinically significant fatigue improvement vs those who did not.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants from the parent clinical trial randomized to the RENEW intervention. Data were analysed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique combined with thematic content analysis. A mixed methods approach used a joint display to identify themes related to the impact of SSc duration on fatigue improvement status. Participants were categorized into short/improvement, short/limited improvement, long/improvement, and long/limited improvement.

Results
Our team generated four themes: participant and peer health–coach relationship, physical and psychological well-being improvement, need for a tailored approach and easy program access through technology. Mixed methods analysis revealed that, regardless of SSc duration, participants with improved fatigue reported increasing self-awareness of SSc-related symptoms and learning coping strategies to manage fatigue. Participants in the short/improvement group reported preferences for slower pacing of the program and pairing with a coach with similar symptom severity. Participants in the long/limited improvement group sought SSc-specific symptom management information.

Conclusion
Incorporating peer health coaches and technology is beneficial for self-management interventions for people with SSc. Future tailoring of RENEW based on SSc duration and symptom severity is needed.

Clinical trial registration number
clinicatrials.gov, NCT04908943.
Methacrylated gelatin and platelet-rich plasma based hydrogels promote regeneration of critical-sized bone defects
Authors: Lian Shichao , Mu Zhiyu , Yuan Zhengchao , Shafiq Muhammad , Mo Xiumei , Mu Weidong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Physiological repair of large-sized bone defects requires instructive scaffolds with appropriate mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, vasculogenic ability and osteo-inductivity. The objective of this study was to fabricate in situ injectable hydrogels using platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-loaded gelatin methacrylate (GM) and employ them for the regeneration of large-sized bone defects. We performed various biological assays as well as assessed the mechanical properties of GM@PRP hydrogels alongside evaluating the release kinetics of growth factors (GFs) from hydrogels. The GM@PRP hydrogels manifested sufficient mechanical properties to support the filling of the tissue defects. For biofunction assay, the GM@PRP hydrogels significantly improved cell migration and angiogenesis. Especially, transcriptome RNA sequencing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived stem cells were performed to delineate vascularization and biomineralization abilities of GM@PRP hydrogels. The GM@PRP hydrogels were subcutaneously implanted in rats for up to 4 weeks for preliminary biocompatibility followed by their transplantation into a tibial defect model for up to 8 weeks in rats. Tibial defects treated with GM@PRP hydrogels manifested significant bone regeneration as well as angiogenesis, biomineralization, and collagen deposition. Based on the biocompatibility and biological function of GM@PRP hydrogels, a new strategy is provided for the regenerative repair of large-size bone defects.
A Dynamic Theory of Lending Standards
Authors: Fishman Michael J , Parker Jonathan A , Straub Ludwig 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We analyze a dynamic credit market where banks choose lending standards, modeled as costly effort to screen out bad borrowers. Tighter standards worsen the borrower pool, increasing banks’ incentives to employ tight standards in the future. This dynamic complementarity in lending standards can amplify and prolong downturns, decreasing lending and increasing credit spreads. Because lending standards have negative externalities, the market can converge to a steady state with inefficiently tight lending standards. We discuss the role of optimal policy to avoid this outcome as well as the impact of balance sheet costs on lending standards.
Osteoporosis is associated with anti-topoisomerase I positivity and glucocorticoids use in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Midol Charles , Wiebe Edgar , Siegert Elise , Huscher Dörte , Béhal Hélène , Launay David , Hachulla Eric , Matteson Eric L , Buttgereit Frank , Sobanski Vincent 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are at increased risk for osteoporosis (OP) and associated fragility fractures. This study aimed to identify underlying risk factors for these conditions in patients with SSc.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was based on a large prospective cohort of patients with SSc using retrospectively collected bone health data. OP was defined as the presence of a T-score below -2.5 at the femoral neck or lumbar spine, a previous major osteoporotic fracture, or the prescription of anti-osteoporotic therapy.

Results
A total of 485 patients fulfilling the ACR/EULAR 2013 diagnostic criteria for SSc, followed in the Lille University Hospital, were included in the study. The prevalence of OP was 23%; fragility fractures occurred in 18% of patients. OP was associated with higher age, diffuse cutaneous subset, interstitial lung disease (ILD), anti-topoisomerase I positivity, treatment with glucocorticoids (GC) and DMARDs in univariable analysis. Multivariable analysis indicated that higher age (OR 1.06 [95%CI 1.04–1.08]), anti-topoisomerase I antibody positivity (OR 2.22 [1.18–4.16]) and treatment with GC (OR 4.48 [2.42–8.26]) were significantly and independently associated with OP.

Conclusion
Our study shows that OP risk in patients with SSc is determined by age, disease-related factors such as diffuse cutaneous subset, ILD and anti-topoisomerase I antibody positivity, but also treatment with GC independently of other factors.
Radioprotection issues in uraniferous minerals collections with reference to an actual case
Authors: Cupparo Ilaria , Fedeli Luca , Doria Sandra , Moggi Cecchi Vanni , Gori Cesare 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Our work investigated the radioprotection implications associated with the possession of a collection of uraniferous minerals. Considering different scenarios, we developed (and applied to an actual collection) specific formulas for radiation doses evaluation. We discussed the shielding necessary to reduce the gamma irradiation down to the required values. A mathematical model was developed to estimate the minimum air flow rate to reduce the radon air concentration below the reference values. The radiation risks associated to the handling of single specimens was also addressed, including hand skin irradiation and shielding capabilities of surgical lead gloves. Finally, we discussed the radiation risks associated to the exhibition of a single specimen. The results, compared to the safety standards of the EU Directive 13/59, show that the exhibition of uraniferous samples with activity of a few MBq do not need specific radioprotection requirements nor for the involved personnel nor for visitors.