bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA-G expression defines a novel regulatory T-cell subset present in human peripheral blood and sites of inflammation
Authors: Feger Ute , Tolosa Eva , Huang Yu-Hwa , Waschbisch Anne , Biedermann Tilo , Melms Arthur , Wiendl Heinz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRegulatory T cells can inhibit harmful immunopathologic responses directed against self and foreign antigens and play a major role in controlling autoimmunity. Here we have identified and characterized a subpopulation of CD4 and CD8 T cells in human peripheral blood expressing the immune tolerizing molecule HLA-G. HLA-G–expressing T cells are hypoproliferative, are CD25- and FOXP3-negative, and exhibit potent suppressive properties that are partially mediated by HLA-G. HLA-G–positive (HLA-Gpos) T cells are found at low percentages among CD4 and CD8 single-positive thymocytes, suggesting a thymic origin. The presence of HLA-Gpos T cells at sites of inflammation such as inflamed skeletal muscle in myositis or the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute neuroinflammatory disorders suggests an important function in modulating parenchymal inflammatory responses in vivo.
Redistribution of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in chemokine-treated neutrophils: a role of lipid microdomains
Authors: Itoh Saotomo , Susuki Chie , Takeshita Kana , Nagata Kisaburo , Tsuji Tsutomu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractP-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a mucin-like cell adhesion molecule expressed on leukocyte plasma membranes and involved in platelet-leukocyte and endothelium-leukocyte interactions. The treatment of neutrophils with a low concentration of IL-8 induced the redistribution of PSGL-1 to one end of the cell to form a cap-like structure. We investigated the role of lipid microdomains in the redistribution of PSGL-1 and its effect on the adhesive characteristics of IL-8-treated neutrophils. The redistribution of PSGL-1 induced by IL-8 was inhibited by cholesterol-perturbing agents such as methyl-β-cyclodextrin and filipin. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis revealed that PSGL-1 was enriched in a low-density fraction together with the GM1 ganglioside after solubilization of the cell membranes with a nonionic detergent, Brij 58. However, when Triton X-100 was used for the solubilization, PSGL-1 was no longer recovered in the low-density fraction, although GM1 ganglioside remained in the low-density fraction. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopic observation demonstrated that the localization of PSGL-1 differed from that of GM1 ganglioside, suggesting that PSGL-1 is associated with a microdomain distinct from that containing the GM1 ganglioside. Treatment of neutrophils with IL-8 increased the formation of microaggregates composed of neutrophils and activated platelets, and this treatment also enhanced reactive oxygen species production in neutrophils induced by the cross-linking of PSGL-1 with antibodies. These results suggest that the association of PSGL-1 with lipid microdomains is essential for its redistribution induced by IL-8 stimulation and that the redistribution modulates neutrophil functions mediated by interactions with P-selectin.
Catalase potentiates retinoic acid-induced THP-1 monocyte differentiation into macrophage through inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
Authors: Ding Qiurong , Jin Ting , Wang Zhenzhen , Chen Yan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMacrophage differentiation plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular diseases and many other physiological processes. However, the role of reaction oxygen species in macrophage differentiation has not been elucidated. Here, we report functional characterization of catalase, an enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in THP-1 monocyte differentiation. Treatment of THP-1 cells with catalase was able to synergize with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to enhance macrophage differentiation, demonstrated by changes of cell adherence, cell cycle arrest, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and expression of differentiation markers including CD68, CD11b, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). ATRA could stimulate retinoic acid (RA) receptor-mediated transcription, but this was not affected by catalase. However, ATRA and catalase were capable of reducing transcriptional activity mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Consistently, PPARγ antagonists enhanced, and PPARγ agonists inhibited MMP9 expression stimulated by ATRA and catalase in THP-1 cells. Therefore, these data indicate that catalase is able to potentiate ATRA-induced macrophage differentiation by inhibition of PPARγ activity, underscoring an important interplay between H2O2, RA, and PPARγ in macrophages.
Osteopontin prevents monocyte recirculation and apoptosis
Authors: Burdo Tricia H , Wood Malcolm R , Fox Howard S 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage have been shown to be the principal targets for productive HIV-1 replication within the CNS. In addition, HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) has been shown to correlate with macrophage abundance in the brain. Although increased entry of monocytes into the brain is thought to initiate this process, mechanisms that prevent macrophage egress from the brain and means that prevent macrophage death may also contribute to cell accumulation. We hypothesized that osteopontin (OPN) was involved in the accumulation of macrophages in the brain in neuroAIDS. Using in vitro model systems, we have demonstrated the role of OPN in two distinct aspects of macrophage accumulation: prevention from recirculation and protection from apoptosis. In these unique mechanisms, OPN would aid in macrophage survival and accumulation in the brain, the pathological substrate of HAD.
A Prospective Study of Plasma Prolactin Concentrations and Risk of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: Tworoger Shelley S. , Eliassen A. Heather , Sluss Patrick , Hankinson Susan E. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose Epidemiologic studies suggest that prolactin is associated with breast cancer risk in older women. Because of limited prospective data, particularly in younger women, we examined whether prolactin concentrations were associated with breast cancer risk among women 42 to 55 years (68% premenopausal) from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), and then conducted a pooled analysis of three studies. Patients and Methods The analysis included 377 cases of breast cancer diagnosed after blood draw and before June 2000; two controls were matched per case on age, menopausal status at blood draw and diagnosis, fasting status, and time of day and month of blood collection. These data were pooled with two previously published data sets from the NHS and NHSII cohorts (n = 1,539 cases, 2,681 controls; ages 32 to 70 years). Results Prolactin was modestly associated with an increased breast cancer risk (relative risk [RR], top v bottom quartile = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.9; P for trend = .12). Risk estimates did not vary by menopausal status, tumor invasiveness, or estrogen receptor (ER) status. In the pooled analysis, the overall RR was 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6; P for trend = .002), and did not vary by menopausal status (P for interaction = .95). The risk was strongest for women with ER+ tumors (RR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0; P for trend < .001). Correcting for within-person variability, the RR comparing the median of the top versus the bottom prolactin quartile increased from 1.3 to 1.7 for all women and from 1.5 to 2.1 for ER+ cases. Conclusion These data, in conjunction with experimental studies, indicate that prolactin likely is important in breast cancer etiology, particularly ER+ tumors, over a wide range of ages.
Long-Term Solid Cancer Risk Among 5-Year Survivors of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Hodgson David C. , Gilbert Ethel S. , Dores Graça M. , Schonfeld Sara J. , Lynch Charles F. , Storm Hans , Hall Per , Langmark Froydis , Pukkala Eero , Andersson Michael , Kaijser Magnus , Joensuu Heikki , Fosså Sophie D. , Travis Lois B. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) survivors are known to be at substantially increased risk of solid cancers (SC). However, no investigation has used multivariate modeling to estimate the relative risk (RR), excess absolute risk (EAR), and cumulative incidence for specific attained ages and ages at HL diagnosis. Patients and Methods We identified 18,862 5-year HL survivors from 13 population-based cancer registries in North America and Europe. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the effects of age at diagnosis, attained age, latency, sex, treatment, and year of diagnosis on the RR and EAR of SC. Results Among 1,490 identified SC, 850 were estimated to be in excess. For most cancer sites, both RR and EAR decreased with age at HL diagnosis and showed strong dependencies on attained age. For a patient diagnosed at age 30 years and survived to ≥ 40 years, modeled risks were significantly elevated for cancers of the breast (RR = 6.1), other supradiaphragmatic sites (RR = 6.0), and infradiaphragmatic sites (RR = 3.7); the largest RR (20-fold) was observed for malignant mesothelioma. Thirty-year cumulative risks of SC for men and women diagnosed at 30 years were 18% and 26%, respectively, compared with 7% and 9%, respectively, in the general population. For young HL patients, risks of breast and colorectal cancers were elevated 10 to 25 years before the age when routine screening would be recommended in the general population. Conclusion Multivariable modeling demonstrates for the first time temporal changes in SC risk not evident in unadjusted analyses, and can facilitate the development of individualized risk assessment and the creation of screening strategies for early detection.
Collaborative philosophical inquiry for schoolchildren: Cognitive gains at 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Topping K. J. , Trickey S. 
Published: March 2007

Background. Evidence of maintained gains from thinking skills interventions are rare in the literature even within sectors of education, let alone across sectors.Aims. This study investigated the cognitive effects of collaborative philosophical inquiry at long‐term 2‐year follow‐up, after the participants had transferred to secondary (high) school without experiencing further philosophical inquiry in the interim.Sample. Sample attrition was greater in the control than in the experimental group, but 96 experimental and 52 control subjects were available.Method. Intervened children who engaged in collaborative inquiry for 1 hour per week over 16 months and whose pre‐post cognitive gains were reported in Topping and Trickey (2007) were followed up 2 years later, some time after they had transferred from primary to secondary school, again using the Cognitive Abilities Test.Results. The significant pre‐post cognitive ability gains in the experimental group in primary school were maintained towards the end of their second year of secondary school. Higher achieving pupils were somewhat advantaged in sustaining these gains. The control group showed an insignificant but persistent deterioration in scores from pre‐ to post‐test to follow‐up.Conclusions. Given the pattern of sample attrition, the group difference seems likely to be underestimated. The study provides evidence of maintained cognitive gains from collaborative philosophical inquiry, transferred across contexts. Implications for future research, policy and practice are discussed.
Multisensorielle Exploration von Roboterarbeitsräumen (Multisensory Exploration of Robot Workspaces)
Authors: Suppa Michael , Hirzinger Gerd 
Published: March 2007

In diesem Artikel werden Arbeiten aus dem Bereich Arbeitsraumexploration und -modellierung am Institut für Robotik und Mechatronik des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt vorgestellt. Mit Hilfe der vorgestellten Methoden werden Roboter in die Lage versetzt, (teil-)autonom ihren Arbeitsraum zu explorieren. Die Umgebung des Roboters ist initial vollständig oder teilweise unbekannt, daher muss der Roboter sukzessive eine Repräsentation der Umgebung aufbauen.
Zur Umgebungserfassung werden verschiedene optische Sensoren wie Lichtschnitt, Laserscanner oder Stereo, integriert in ein universelles Sensorsystem, den DLR-3D-Modellierer, verwendet. Die Fusion der Tiefendaten in eine konsistente Repräsentation, z.B. zur Bahnplanung und zur Planung der Sensorlagen, wird vorgestellt. 3D-Sensorik, Sensorsynchronisation und Modellerstellung werden dargestellt. Algorithmen zur Planung der Sensorlagen, den sogenannten Next Best Views, unter Berücksichtigung von Messrauschen und Verdeckungen sind weitere Kernpunkte des Artikels.
Pediatricians' Use of Language Services for Families With Limited English Proficiency
Authors: Kuo Dennis Z. , O'Connor Karen G. , Flores Glenn , Minkovitz Cynthia S. 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVES. Patients with limited English proficiency confront multiple barriers to health care access in the United States. Appropriate language services for families with limited English proficiency are essential; however, little is known about pediatricians' use of language services. The objective of this study was to examine pediatricians' provision of language services to patients with limited English proficiency and the pediatrician, practice, and state characteristics associated with use of these services.
METHODS. Data were obtained from the Periodic Survey of Fellows No. 60, a nationally representative survey of members of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A total of 1829 surveys were mailed, and responses were obtained from 58%. Use of 6 language services was assessed. Factors associated with language services use were examined after adjusting for physician, practice, and state characteristics.
RESULTS. Bilingual family members (70%) and bilingual staff (58%) were the most frequently reported language services; 40% of respondents report the use of professional interpreters, 28% use telephone interpreters, and 35% of practices report provision of translated written materials. Pediatricians in smaller and rural practices and in states with higher proportions of limited English proficiency persons report less use of professional interpreters. Pediatricians in states with third-party reimbursement for language services are more likely to report use of professional interpreters.
CONCLUSIONS. Most pediatricians report using untrained interpreters to communicate with limited English proficiency patients and their families. Pediatricians in regions with high proportions of limited English proficiency persons may be less likely to provide appropriate language services. Third-party reimbursement for professional language services may increase the use of trained interpreters and quality of care.
Nephrotic Syndrome in the First Year of Life: Two Thirds of Cases Are Caused by Mutations in 4 Genes (NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, and LAMB2)
Authors: Hinkes Bernward G. , Mucha Bettina , Vlangos Christopher N. , Gbadegesin Rasheed , Liu Jinhong , Hasselbacher Katrin , Hangan Daniela , Ozaltin Fatih , Zenker Martin , Hildebrandt Friedhelm ,   members of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Paediatrische Nephrologie Study Group
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVES. Mutations in each of the NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, and LAMB2 genes have been implicated in nephrotic syndrome, manifesting in the first year of life. The relative frequency of causative mutations in these genes in children with nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the first year of life is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed all 4 of the genes jointly in a large European cohort of 89 children from 80 families with nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the first year of life and characterized genotype/phenotype correlations.
METHODS. We performed direct exon sequencing of NPHS1, NPHS2, and the relevant exons 8 and 9 of WT1, whereas the LAMB2 gene was screened by enzymatic mismatches cleavage.
RESULTS. We detected disease-causing mutations in 66.3% (53 of 80) families (NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, and LAMB2: 22.5%, 37.5%, 3.8%, and 2.5%, respectively). As many as 84.8% of families with congenital onset (0–3 months) and 44.1% with infantile onset (4–12 months) of nephrotic syndrome were explained by mutations. NPHS2 mutations were the most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome among both families with congenital nephrotic syndrome (39.1%) and infantile nephrotic syndrome (35.3%), whereas NPHS1 mutations were solely found in patients with congenital onset. Of 45 children in whom steroid treatment was attempted, only 1 patient achieved a lasting response. Of these 45 treated children, 28 had causative mutations, and none of the 28 responded to treatment.
CONCLUSIONS. First, two thirds of nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the first year of life can be explained by mutations in 4 genes only (NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, or LAMB2). Second, NPHS1 mutations occur in congenital nephrotic syndrome only. Third, infants with causative mutations in any of the 4 genes do not respond to steroid treatment; therefore, unnecessary treatment attempts can be avoided. Fourth, there are most likely additional unknown genes mutated in early-onset nephrotic syndrome.
Lead, Toxicology
Authors: DeVito Stephen C. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Lead is toxic to the kidney, cardiovascular system, developing red blood cells, peripheral and central nervous systems, testes, and fetus. Exposure to lead may occur from a variety of occupational and nonoccupational sources. Although in the United States regulatory and voluntary efforts have been quite successful in reducing worker and population exposure to lead, >2 million workers remain at risk of workplace lead exposure. The concern for lead as a significant public health problem has increased as evidence has mounted regarding adverse health effects at successively lower levels of lead exposure, leading to downward revision of criteria for acceptable blood lead concentrations. Exposure, toxicity, and detection of lead in humans is discussed as is the treatment of lead poisoning.
Site/Non‐Site: Extending the Parameters in Contemporary Landscape
Authors: Spens Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAs the world teeters on the verge of environmental collapse, landscape architecture has taken on a new significance offering a longed‐for sanctuary for our increasingly urbanised lives. Here, in his introduction to the issue, guest‐editor Michael Spens explains how by taking its impetus from land art, landscape architecture, as an expanded field, transcends the conventional confines of site. This renders it possible to read architecture ‘as landscape, or as non‐landscape, as building becomes non‐site’ and the ‘site indeed materialises as the work per se’. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recombinant Landscapes in the American City
Authors: Shane Grahame 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHow are urban actors, such as landscape designers, community groups, developers and local politicians, actively restructuring their environments to meet the challenges of the American city in the new global context? Grahame Shane outlines the approaches to landscape that have been emerging since the mid‐20th century and are set to recombine urban assemblages whether they are located in historic city centres, postindustrial waterfronts or suburban sprawl. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
City in Suspension: New Orleans and the Construction of Ground
Authors: Correa Felipe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUnderfoot, obscured from view, ground is the most fundamental material of construction and the urban landscape. As New Orleans has proved, we forget it at our peril. Shaped by the mound, the levee and most recently the pump, the ground of the Crescent City was neglected and overlooked even in areas of new development. Felipe Correa describes how, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the thorough re‐evaluation of the city's ground is a prerequisite to urban reorganisation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seoul's Interior Landscapes
Authors: Watson Howard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe shop floor of the department store has increasingly become a cluttered no‐man's‐land, no more than a space between competing branded concessions. Howard Watson describes how at Lotte, a department store in Seoul, South Korea, Universal Design Studio has applied its subtle decorative design style – first launched internationally in the Stella McCartney stores – to unifying effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Tailored Home: Housebrand
Authors: Fowlow Loraine 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLoraine Fowlow describes how in Calgary, Alberta, Canada's fifth biggest city, John Brown has established Housebrand, a practice that is notable both for its innovative approach to residential design and for its adeptness in understanding its client base and the particular context of the Calgary housing market. The company has masterfully matched its own skills and services to customer demand in a way that is almost unprecedented within the architectural profession. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in workplace homicides in the U.S., 1993–2002: A decade of decline
Authors: Hendricks Scott A. , Jenkins E. Lynn , Anderson Kristi R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundTrends in workplace homicide rates are compared to the trends in U.S. homicides from 1993 to 2002, inclusively. The homogeneity of workplace homicide rates by victim demographics, circumstances, and types of events are also addressed.MethodsUsing publicly available data from several sources, Poisson models are used to statistically compare the trends of workplace homicide rates versus U.S. homicide rates and to compare trends within categories of workplace homicides.ResultsOverall, there was a significant decline in the rates of occupational homicide of approximately 6% per year during the study time period; this decline was found to be statistically greater than the decline of all U.S. homicides (5% per year). Taxi cab drivers and chauffeurs demonstrated the greatest decline of all occupational subgroups. When looking at the circumstances of workplace homicides, only the rate of homicides committed during a robbery or other crime demonstrated a significant decline.ConclusionsWhile workplace homicides have declined in the U.S., the declines have not occurred uniformly across demographic and occupational categories. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supramolekulare Chemie in Wasser
Authors: Oshovsky Gennady V. , Reinhoudt David N. , Verboom Willem 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDie supramolekulare Chemie in Wasser ist ein ständig wachsendes Forschungsgebiet, da nichtkovalente Wechselwirkungen in wässrigen Medien entscheidend für ein besseres Verständnis und die Kontrolle grundlegender Prozesse in der Natur sind. Dieser Aufsatz bietet einen Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen auf den Gebieten der wasserlöslichen synthetischen Rezeptoren, der Selbstorganisation und der molekularen Erkennung in Wasser unter Berücksichtigung von Funktionalitäten, die zur Verbesserung der Wasserlöslichkeit eingeführt werden, sowie der supramolekularen Wechselwirkungen und der Methoden, die für eine effiziente Gasterkennung und Selbstorganisation in Wasser eingesetzt werden. Zudem beschreibt er die besonderen Eigenschaften und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten supramolekularer Einheiten in wässrigen Medien.
Supramolecular Chemistry in Water
Authors: Oshovsky Gennady V. , Reinhoudt David N. , Verboom Willem 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSupramolecular chemistry in water is a constantly growing research area because noncovalent interactions in aqueous media are important for obtaining a better understanding and control of the major processes in nature. This Review offers an overview of recent advances in the area of water‐soluble synthetic receptors as well as self‐assembly and molecular recognition in water, through consideration of the functionalities that are used to increase the water solubility, as well as the supramolecular interactions and approaches used for effective recognition of a guest and self‐assembly in water. The special features and applications of supramolecular entities in aqueous media are also described.