bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S-D HFFM: A Network Shallow-Deep Improvement Mechanism for Ship Detection in Low-light Channel Scenarios
Authors: Chen Yantong , Ren Jianzhao , Li Jiabao , Shi Yuxin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Detecting ships with high precision in low-light conditions poses a critical challenge to maritime safety. Under such conditions, ship boundaries become blurry, and overall contrast diminishes, resulting in missed and false detections in detection algorithms. Many existing solutions rely on applying deep learning networks for low-light enhancement. However, these methods often lack adequate mechanisms to integrate shallow spatial and deep semantic information within the network. This paper proposes two improvement strategies for video ship detection. In the first scheme, for the shallow layer of the backbone network, we design a block to enhance the model's attention to boundary information(SABlock). SABlock enhances the model's attention to boundary information, allowing it to determine the ship's position and shape accurately. In the second scheme, for the deep layers of the backbone network, we design a block to preserve detailed features by increasing contrast (DPBlock). DPBlock aims to preserve detailed features by increasing contrast, introducing differences that retain deep-level details. This enables the model to identify the ship's category better. We present a shallow-deep hybrid feature fusion mechanism (S-D HFFM) to integrate shallow spatial and deep semantic information effectively. SABlock and DPBlock are strategically embedded in the mainstream network to form a feature extraction chain. This chain hierarchically incorporates two types of information. We validate these strategies through experiments conducted on YOLOv5s and YOLOv8s, demonstrating the feasibility of our approach. Experimental results show that S-D HFFM significantly enhances the model's ability to recognize ship positions, shapes, and categories under low-light conditions.
Decoding the Genetic Tapestry of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus: Exploring Evolutionary Adaptation and Codon Usage Bias
Authors: Ghorbani Abozar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) poses a significant threat to tomato production worldwide, prompting extensive research into its genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and adaptive strategies. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of ToBRFV at the codon level, focusing on codon usage bias, selection pressures, and evolutionary patterns across multiple genes. Our analysis revealed distinct patterns of codon usage bias and selection pressures within the ToBRFV genome, with varying levels of genetic diversity and evolutionary constraints among different genes. We observed a transition/transversion bias of 2.07 across the entire ToBRFV genome, with the movement protein (MP) gene exhibiting the highest transition/transversion bias and SNP density, suggesting potential evolutionary pressures or a higher mutation rate in this gene. Furthermore, our study identified episodic positive selection primarily in the MP gene, highlighting specific codons subject to adaptive changes in response to host immune pressures or environmental factors. Comparative analysis of codon usage bias in the coat protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes revealed gene-specific patterns reflecting functional constraints and adaptation to the host's translational machinery. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms driving ToBRFV evolution and adaptation, with implications for understanding viral pathogenesis, host-virus interactions, and the development of control strategies. Future research directions include further elucidating the functional significance of codon usage biases, exploring the role of episodic positive selection in viral adaptation, and leveraging these insights to inform the development of effective antiviral strategies and crop protection measures.
A Randomized Controlled Trial: Short-Segment Posterior Fixation and Transpedicular Bone Grafting combined with rhBMP-2 for the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture
Authors: Cheng Minghuang , Pan Xiaohan , Li Dongxu , Liu Zeyu , Tang Yucheng , Yao Qi , Wu Junjie , Hao Jie , Jiang Wei , Zhang Xiaojun , Hu Zhengming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The current study presents a novel treatment strategy involving short-segment posterior fixation and transpedicular bone grafting combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). The aimed is to investigate the clinical efficacy in treating thoracolumbar burst fracture (TLBF).
Methods
Patients with acute TLBF requiring surgical treatment were conducted. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups. All patients underwent short-segment posterior fixation treatment, with the intervention group receiving additional transpedicular bone grafting and rhBMP-2 into the fractured vertebral body using vertebroplasty instrumentation. In contrast, the control group did not undergo any bone implantation procedures. Preoperative and postoperative imaging indices, including Sagittal Cobb Angle (SCA) and Anterior Vertebral Height Ratio (A VHR), as well as fracture healing rate, were assessed. Treatment indices, such as the visual analog scale (VAS), were also measured. Furthermore, general information was compared between the two groups.
Results
There were 24 patients enrolled in the intervention group, and 36 patients in the control group. Demographic data showed no significant differences between groups (P > 0.05). One year after the operation, the SCA was significantly lower in both groups compared to the preoperative period. However, the intervention group exhibited less loss in SCA compared to the control group at the 1-year follow-up (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the anterior A VHR between the two groups at 7 days, 3 months, and 1 year after operation (P > 0.05). Regarding the fracture healing rate, the postoperative Lane-Sandhu scores of both groups increased significantly. At 3 months after surgery, the observation group showed a significantly higher score than the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
This RCT demonstrated that the short-segment posterior fixation and transpedicular vertebral bone graft combined with rhBMP-2 can effectively reduce the SCA and accelerate fracture healing.
Effect of prophylactic perphenazine on delirium after extubation in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chen# Min , Yu# Meiling , Zhang# Dayi , Chen Ying , Yang Zhitao , Chen Erzhen , Mao Enqiang , Ni Tongtian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a life-threatening condition that can require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. However, IMV can cause delirium, which negatively impacts patient outcomes. Perphenazine, an antipsychotic drug that blocks dopamine receptors, can alleviate symptoms such as irritability and restlessness that caused by delirium. This retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors associated with delirium in SAP patients after extubation and withdrawal from IMV, and to determine whether prophylactic use of perphenazine could reduce the incidence of delirium.
Methods: Patients with SAP aged 18-75 years who underwent IMV and were successfully extubated offline after treatment were included. The clinical data were compared between patients who received perphenazine prophylactically or not.
Results: A total of 40 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 42 years and a male to female ratio of 1.58:1. The incidence of delirium was 22.50%. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression showed that prophylactic use of perphenazine reduced the incidence of delirium. Fentanyl use was a risk factor for delirium in the univariate analysis. Patients in the delirium group were hospitalized longer than those in the non-delirium group. Prophylactic use of perphenazine might be helpful to reduce in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion:Perphenazine might have a potential effect on post-extubation delirium in SAP patients.
Physicochemical, nutritional, and functional properties of Javanese grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis Burm.) flour
Authors: Kristanti Dita , Iwansyah Ade Chandra , Setiaboma Woro , Setiaboma Woro Faisal , Ariani Dini , Herawati Ervika Rahayu Novita , Aditya I Gusti Made Raka Alpin , Pramareti Gradia Martin Jati , Indriati Ashri , Hamid Hazrulrizawati Abd 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The flour prepared by the edible Javanese grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis Burm.) is an innovative and sustainable food source which is high in protein and other essential nutrients. The study focused on the pre-treatment effect on the nutritional and functional properties of Javanese grasshopper (JG) flour. The nutritional properties, protein digestibility, and amino profile of JG flour were evaluated. The physical properties, microstructure, and functional groups of JG flour were also measured. The results show that pre-treatment on JG flour significantly affected the yield, color, total solid, activity water, microstructure, ash, fat, and protein content (p < 0.05). Based on nutritional, physical, and functional properties of JG flour, pre-treatment using 0.3% sodium bicarbonate for 15 mins and blanched 2–3 mins has the highest ash, fat, and protein content with a complete essential amino acid such as histidine, threonine, methionine, valin, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine. The JG flour, with good pre-treatment, can be used as an alternative functional and fortifying ingredient food.
Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like elements (SETTLE): A diagnostic challenge with distinct therapeutic implication; case report
Authors: Chadha Prerna , Kamboj Meenakshi , Pasricha Sunil , Arora Vikas , Yadav Vishal , Gupta Manoj , Mehta Anurag 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like elements (SETTLE) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland which is believed to arise from intrathyroidal thymic tissue. It predominantly affects young adults and children presenting with a thyroid mass of variable duration and rarely occurs in adults. It has a high overall survival with a tendency for delayed metastasis. SETTLE is a biphasic lobulated tumor composed of spindle shaped cells along with glandular formations seen on histopathological examination. Despite its typical morphology it is commonly misdiagnosed on histopathology due to its rarity and overlapping morphology with other close mimics such as a carcinoma, synovial sarcoma and thymoma. Herein we report such a case occurring in a middle aged female presenting with a neck mass. She had an initial diagnosis of metastatic poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma possibly with an orophayngeal primary in view of co expression of CK, p40 and p16 on immunohistochemistry. The patient underwent surgical resection with modified neck dissection. On review at our hospital it was diagnosed as SETTLE and she remains disease free after a follow-up period of 6 months. Diligent histopathological examination espoused with a judicious panel of IHC markers in conjunction with clinicoradiological findings forms the mainstay of diagnosis. Diffuse and strong p16 immunoexpression has not been documented or evaluated in literature so far, and needs to be explored for its diagnostic utility in this rare entity.
Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in China: Trajectories, predictors, and impact on adolescent mental health
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Zhang Wei , Wang Tingting , Yao Ye , Lin Haijiang , Yang Xiaoqi , Song Peige , Chen Xiaoxiao , Fu Chaowei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background Little is known about the long-term courses of loneliness, associated risk factors and effect on mental health in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore the trajectories of loneliness among Chinese adolescents during the last phase of the pandemic. We also aimed to identify risk factors in each loneliness course and the impact of loneliness on emotional problems, peer problems, hyperactivity and conduct problems.
Methods We conducted longitudinal analyses using four waves of data from 2347 Chinese adolescents covering a period of 20 months (October 2021 – May 2023). Loneliness was assessed using the UCLA 3-Item Loneliness Scale. The self-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was utilized to evaluate participants’ mental health outcomes. Growth mixture modelling was employed to identify latent classes of loneliness trajectories. Associated risk factors were investigated using multinomial logistic regression model. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were constructed to examine the long-term impact of loneliness classes on mental health outcomes.
Results Three courses of loneliness were identified: Decreasing Low Loneliness (58.71%), Increasing Medium Loneliness (36.52%), and Increasing High Loneliness (4.77%). Risk factors for poorer loneliness trajectories included lack of physical exercise habits, poorer mental health literacy, medium or low perceived social support, having study difficulties, being female, higher grades, and lower economic status. Loneliness courses were associated with the severity and variability of emotional problems, peer problems, hyperactivity and conduct problems. Individuals in the higher loneliness classes experienced a significant increase in these mental health problems over time.
Conclusions During the last phase of the pandemic, a large proportion of adolescents in our study endured medium to high levels of loneliness with no signs of improvement. Both unfavorable loneliness trajectories adversely affected internalizing and externalizing problems and displayed an upward trend in these difficulties. Results highlight the importance of considering how to tackle loneliness both within the context of COVID-19 and more generally.
The Effect of Positioning of Seismic Isolators in a Reinforced Concrete Building
Authors: Yurdakul Muhammet , Yıldız Mehmet Burak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Construction costs are increasing day by day. The importance of building the safest structures at the lowest cost is also increasing. For this purpose, it is necessary to design the structure in the best possible way without sacrificing safety. One way to ensure buildings are safe even during severe earthquakes is to include seismic isolation at the design stage. Judging by studies, seismic isolators are generally located at the lowest story of the building. However, the location of the seismic isolator on the lowest column has not been defined. In this study, the seismic isolator was located at the lower end and the top of the lowest story of the RC building to compare the effectiveness of its positioning. A high-damping rubber bearing (HDRB) was used as the seismic isolation device. Also, the effect of the absence of the diaphragm placed above the isolation level was investigated. As a result of the study, the necessary reinforcement of the RC building isolated at the top end of the column was less than 15% compared to the building isolated at the lower end of the columns for the beams. The base shear force of the building with seismic isolator located at the upper end of the column was 2.7% greater than that the building with the seismic isolator located at the lower end of the column.
A full numerical study of the strain based functionally graded rectangular plate finite element using the FSDT
Authors: CHENAFI Madjda , BOUREZANE Messaoud , ASSAS Taqiyeddine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a full numerical analysis using the First order Shear Deformation Theory to evaluate the bending, free vibration, and buckling behaviors of a new Strain Based Functionally Graded Rectangular Plate finite element, denoted as SBFGRP24. Each node of this element has six degrees of freedom, acquired through the superposition of a membrane and a bending element. The notion of the neutral plane has been applied to prevent the coupling of membrane and bending. The plate consists of alumina and aluminum, with characteristics that vary continuously throughout its thickness. It experiences transversal loads that are either uniformly distributed or sinusoidal. To evaluate the impact of power law index, thickness, boundary constraints, side-to-thickness ratio, and aspect ratio on the FG plates behavior, a parametric study has been done. The results obtained show excellent alignment and swift convergence when compared to those obtained from the high-order shear deformation theory and analytical solutions found in the literature.
Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Natural Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of Serine/Threonine Kinase 16 for Anticancer Drug Discovery
Authors: Al-Fahad Dhurgham , Ropón-Palacios G , Omoboyowa Damilola A. , Singh Gagandeep , Patil Rajesh B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Serine/threonine kinase 16 (STK 16) is involved in many facets of cellular regulation; activation of STK 16 plays a crucial role in the migration of cancer cells. Therefore, it is a novel target for the discovery of anticancer agents. Herein, virtual screeningand dynamics simulation were used to screen a large library of natural compounds against STK 16 using Schrodinger suit 2021-2 and GROMACS 2021.6. The results predicted five molecules with high binding affinity against the target, with NPC 132329 and NPC 160898 having higher binding affinity and molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA),suggesting that it is better than the standard inhibitor. The MD simulation studies showed that the STK 16-NPC 132329 complex has the lowest root mean square deviation, and STK 16-NPC 160898 was the most stable compared with the standard drug and selective STK 16 inhibitor. The minimal fluctuation was observed in the STK 16-NPC 132329 and STK 16-NPC 160898 complexes based on the root mean square fluctuation trajectory with NPC 132329 and NPC 160898 forming 2 and 3 hydrogen bonds, respectively, with the amino acid residue of the target’s binding site. Overall, NPC 132329 and NPC 160898 are better STK 16 inhibitors than the standard drug and selective inhibitor, which can be further studied to discover novel anticancer drugs.
The Effectiveness of Faith-Based Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy for African Americans with PTSD
Authors: Pearson Kimberly , Mitchell Karl Vonzell , Hendricks LaVelle 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of an adaptive version of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) with faith-based concepts for African Americans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The severity level was determined by a pre-test Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) score of 35 and above. Effectiveness was measured by a post-test PCL-5 score that changed by 5 degrees. The score is the criterion variable that will be measured using the PCL-5 scores. The predictive variable was religiosity which was determined by three levels of participation in religious activities. Participants who indicated they did not participate in religious activities were identified with an interval of 0. Participants who indicated they participated in religious activities weekly were identified with an interval of 1, and participants who indicated they participated in religious activities monthly were identified with an interval of 2. The study also determined if the early termination rate would indicate a statistically significant difference between levels of religiosity. Using a repeated measure ANOVA, the research found a statistically significant difference between pre-PCL-5 and post-PCL-5 scores. A one-way ANOVA was used to determine if religiosity influenced the termination rate and found no statistically significant difference in termination rate.
Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy Via Translaminar Approach for Highly Upward-migrated Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Technical Note and Preliminary Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Chen Wein-Chin , Wang Wei-Ting , Pao Jwo-Luen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Study Design: A technical note and retrospective case series
Objective: Highly upward-migrated lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is challenging due to its problematic access and incomplete removal. The most used interlaminar approach may cause extensive bony destruction. We developed a novel translaminar approach using the unilateral portal endoscopic (UBE) technique, emphasizing effective neural decompression, and preserving the facet joint’s integrity.
Methods: This retrospective study included six patients receiving UBE translaminar discectomy for highly upward-migrated LDHs from May 2019 to June 2021. The migrated disc was removed through a small keyhole on the lamina of the cranial vertebra. The treatment results were evaluated by operation time, hospital stays, complications, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and modified MacNab criteria.
Results: The mean pre-operative VAS for back pain (5.0 ± 4.9), VAS for leg pain (9.2 ± 1.0), JOA score (10.7 ± 6.6), and ODI (75.7 ± 25.3) were significantly improved to 0.3 ± 0.5, 1.2 ± 1.5, 27.3 ± 1.8, 5.0 ± 11.3 respectively at the final follow-up. Five patients had excellent, and one patient had good outcomes according to the Modified MacNab criteria. The hospital stay was 2.7 ± 0.5 days. No complication was recorded. The MRI follow-up showed complete disc removal, except for one patient with an asymptomatic residual disc.
Conclusions: UBE translaminar discectomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for highly upward-migrated LDH with satisfactory treatment outcomes and nearly 100% facet joint preservation.
Spontaneous Avulsion of Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft a Complication of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Case Report and Review of the literature.
Authors: Nairat Moath , Akram Hamza , Alaqra Amro , Al-Khdour Issa , Othman Wafiq , Yaghi Nadine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is a common procedure for managing multi-vessel coronary artery disease to revascularize the myocardium. Among the various conduits used, the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is preferred due to its better long-term patency rate. However, CABG procedures involving LIMA may lead to rare but serious complications, such as avulsion of the LIMA post-CABG, which leads to disruption of blood flow to the myocardium and the development of fatal cardiac tamponade.
Case presentation:
We present a unique case of spontaneous avulsion of LIMA graft to left anterior descending artery (LAD) away from the site of anastomosis twenty-four hours following CABG surgery in 67-year-old male patient. Emergency re-exploration and repair of the LIMA with interposition vein graft were performed, which successfully stabilized the patient critical condition followed by a complicated recovery period involving atrial fibrillation, acute kidney injury, and wound infection.
Conclusion:
Avulsion of LIMA graft following CABG is rare, however a fatal complication that requires high clinical suspicion and prompt management. Avulsion has been reported few times in the literature following both minimal invasive and conventional CABG. Understanding the etiology, clinical presentation, and management of this complication is crucial to avoid catastrophic outcomes.