bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of egg size and thermal conditions of incubation on the body length and the yolk sac volume of vendace (Coregonus albula L.) eleutheroembryos
Authors: Luczynski M. , Wojtaszek W. , Kirklewska A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEggs of C. albula were incubated at 1.5 ° and acclimated for different times to 10 °. This procedure caused a varying delay in their hatching. The percentage of normal hatch and the eleutheroembryos' body length and yolk sac dimensions (height and length) were measured, and the yolk sac volume was calculated. The number of days of hatching delay was positively correlated with the total length of embryos and inversely correlated with their yolk sac volume.Dimensions of vendace embryos emerging from eggs of different size were compared. Larger eggs produced longer embryos equipped with larger yolk sacs, and differences in the yolk sac volume were far more pronounced than differences in the body length.
Zinc Induced Changes in the Nucleic Acids and Protein Metabolism in the Fingerlings of a Freshwater Murrel, Channa punctatus
Authors: Shukla J. P. , Pandey K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFingerlings of Channa punctatus, a freshwater murrel, when subjected to a sublethal concentration of 12 mg l−1 zinc for 20 days elicited a significantly decreased (P<0.01) RNA content and hypoproteinemia in their liver. However, an exposure for 10 days under the same condition did not produce a significant alternation (P>0.05) neither in the nucleic acids (RNA – DNA) nor in the protein content. Results are discussed in relation to the pollutional stress of this heavy metal.
Modification of Microapparatus for Isolation and Concentration of Organics from Water by Continuous Steam Distillation‐Extraction
Authors: Pehal F. , Janda V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe modified apparatus for the isolation and concentration of organic compounds from water by steam distillation‐extraction is described. The modified construction of the microapparatus is based on the theoretical aspects of the method and practical experiences. High recoveries and good detection limits obtained by applying the method can be used in trace water analysis.
Elektrosorptionsanalyse: Ein empfindliches Verfahren zum Nachweis grenzflächenaktiver Stoffe im Wasser
Authors: Schmidt V. , Horn E. , Jehring H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo examples of damages: Damages to waters caused by surfaceactive polyethylene glycolacrylate (PEGA) waste waters and a fire extinguishing substance (30 % fatty alkyl sulphate and 15 % ethylene glycol butyl ether) are analytically evaluated. A new method from polarography was described – the electrosorption analysis –, which was tested on the samples of the waste waters and waters of the events of damage. For comparison, investigations were carried out according to the conventional laboratory routine method. The described new method has shown pronounced advantages with respect to the detectability of substances contained in water and the expenditure of material and time. Individual tensides can be determined if known separation processes are applied in advance.
Effect of Individual Phenolic Compounds and of their Mixtures on Luminous Bacteria. Part I.: Use of Bacterial Luminescence Extinguishing for Biotesting of Phenols
Authors: Stom D. J. , Geel T. A. , Balayan A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData are presented that confirm the employment of the bacterial luminescence for evaluating the toxicity of phenolic compounds. High sensitivity and speed properties of the method are shown. Phenolic compound concentrations are determined that produce toxic effects on luminous bacteria cells. It is shown that hydroquinone possesses the highest toxicity.
Zum Umweltverhalten von Fluortensiden. Teil 3: Reinigung der industriellen Abwässer
Authors: Prescher D. , Gross U. , Wotzka J. , Tscheu‐Schlüter M. , Starke W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour fluorotensides which are used mainly industrially are investigated with respect to their removability from waters. Since, in general, fluorotensides are difficult to remove or not at all removable biochemically, the effects of chemical or physicochemical treatment processes are tested. As the results represented in pictures and tables show, different modes of behaviour can be recognized with respect to the respective purification effect for the investigated fluorotensides, partly among them. Flocculation with Al‐ and Fe‐salts as well as chlorination and ozonization show only partial effects. But all the investigated fluorotensides can be adsorptively eliminated by means of powder or granular active charcoal and adsorbent resin Wofatit EA60.
Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der biologischen Phosphatelimination aus Abwasser mit Belebtschlamm
Authors: Peukert V. , Röske I. , Uhlmann D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe recovery of phosphorus will become almost as important as its removal for preventing eutrophication. In this connection, the biological techniques for the elimination of P are of a special importance. The fundamentals and the process technologies of the “phostrip” technique and the anaerobic/aerobic technique are described. The biological P‐removal is more susceptible to interference than the normal activated sludge process is. The most important sources of troubles are discussed. For a stable process it is necessary at the anaerobic stage that neither molecular oxygen nor nitrate oxygen are present and that the organic substances contained in the waste water are partly hydrolyzed in order to use up the intracellular energy reserves in the form of polyphosphates to a considerable degree. Moreover, at the aerobic stage there have to be guaranteed high rates of growth of the P‐storing bacteria and the formation of polyphosphates as well as only a low degree of nitrification. From this results an increased expenditure for the process control especially for the oxygen and nitrate concentrations at the aerobic stage. The results from two model plants are represented.
Synergistic Effect of Sulfoxide with Carbaryl on the in vivo Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Snail Lymnaea acuminata
Authors: Singh D. K. , Agarwal R. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe synergistic effects of sulfoxide on the effects of carbaryl in the snail Lymnaea acuminata were studied. Snails were exposed to 40 % and 80 % of 48 h LC50 doses of synergist, carbaryl mixture (5 : 1). While the concentration of carbaryl present in the mixture would not bring about any change in carbohydrate metabolism, there was a marked decrease in the AChE activity, glycogen levels and an increase in lactic acid and a reduction of sugar levels when the snails were exposed to a carbaryl synergist mixture. Sulfoxide alone also caused a decrease in glycogen levels and an increase in lactic acid levels. These changes, however, were smaller as compared to those resulting from exposure to the mixtures.
Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen von Salmonellen in einer Oxydationsteichanlage
Authors: Stelzer W. , Schulze E. , Ziegert E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe examined oxydation pond treatment plant shows a good degradation (>95 %) of bacteriological pollution (colony count 20°, coliforms, enterococcae). In 55,6 % of raw waste water samples salmonella were detected but the effluent was free of salmonella. In total 10 sero‐types were isolated and 91,1 % of all isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics.
Zur Charakterisierung des Gefährdungspotentials von Wasserschadstoffen
Authors: Koch R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe danger potential of chemicals to man and environment is essentially a function of exposure and toxicity. For the exposure of ecological systems there is decisive the distribution of the particular substance in and among the hydro‐, pedo‐, atmo‐ and biospheres. Proceeding from statistical relations between different molecular structure parameters and the distribution as well as action of substances, the approximate determination of distribution parameters, sorption coefficients and bioconcentration factors is possible. By means of a discriminant analysis the substances can be assigned to given classes of toxicity and mutagenicity. Proceeding from structure‐analogy models, for several substances used as examples the distribution and toxicity parameters are calculated and an evaluation of the danger potential for aquatic ecosystems and man is discussed.
Diatoms as Indicators of Organic Pollution
Authors: Sládeček V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is given a list of 323 taxa of freshwater diatoms occurring in waters of Central Europe. Each taxon is characterized by 10 balls of saprobic valence, the indicative weight of species (Ii) and by the individual saprobic index (Si) indicating its position on a conventional scale of saprobity. Diatoms are very common aquatic organisms, but are only medium or bad indicators of saprobity, because their saprobic valence is usually wide.
Malathion Toxicity: Embryotoxicity and Survival of Hatchlings of Zebrafish (Brachydanio Rerio)
Authors: Ansari B. A. , Kumar K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractToxicity tests revealed that the hatchlings of Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) are more sensitive to malathion (an organophosphorus pesticide) as compared to the embryos. 72 … 168 hours LC50 values showed a gradual decrease as the exposure time was increased. Probable causes have been discussed.
Zum Verhalten von Tensiden beim Ionenaustausch
Authors: Bosholm J. , Luft P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAqueous model solutions of a technical alkane sulphonate (chain length C = 12 … 18) were treated in the model experiment with a strongly acid cation‐exchanger and with a weakly and a strongly basic anion‐exchanger. Only in the last case, a considerable decrease of the exchange capacity occurred. This means for the practice: the removel of anion‐active tensides is guaranteed largely by ion exchange. Considerable damages to resin occur only after extended periods of operation. By the positioning of weakly basic anion‐exchangers in front of strongly basic ones the latter are largely protected against the action of anion‐active tensides.
Effect of Individual Phenolic Compounds and of their Mixtures on Luminous Bacteria. Part 5: Combined Action of Phenols and Heavy metals
Authors: Stom D. J. , Geel T. A. , Balayan A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProblems are discussed of the combined action of phenols and metals on luminous bacteria. It is shown that the toxic effect of a mixture was not always equal to the expected additive action. An assumption is made that during a combined action phenols and metals act on the principle of competing inhibition.
Methods of Investigation of the Metabolism of Anaerobic Microorganisms
Authors: Zábranská J. , Dohányos M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt present the development together with an intensification of anaerobic processes calls for methods of observation and control. It is very important to know intermediate metabolites of anaerobic microorganisms and the activity of methanogenic ones. Presented analytical methods are GLC analyses of lower fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones and components of biogas. The chromatography using steam as a mobile phase is also mentioned. The method of determining the fluorescent coenzyme F420 was tested and modified. This coenzyme is specific for methanogenic microorganisms and is closely linked with their activity. The determination of the total activity of the hydrogenase system of anaerobic microorganisms by means of the rate of the consumption and evolution of molecular hydrogen was also presented. The applicability and effectivenes of these methods were verified on natural samples. All the methods mentioned above give satisfactory results with available equipment, materials and techniques.
Acute Toxicity of Some Industrial Effluents in Relation to the Fish Size of Cyprinus carpio (HAM.) and Channa punctatus (BLOCH)
Authors: Gupta S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fish Cyprinus carpio (HAM.) and Channa punctatus (BL.) of the size ranging between 6.0 ± 1.2 cm and 28.0 ± 1.6 cm were exposed to different concentrations of industrial effluents from M/s Punjab Tannery Ltd. (Jalandhar), M/s Spinning Mill Ltd. (Hoshiarpur) and M/s Food Specialist Ltd. (Moga) for evaluating the influence of fish size on the acute toxicity of these effluents. Results indicate that the relative toxicity of the effluents decreased with the increase in fish size from 6.0 ± 1.2 cm to 20.6 ± 1.5 cm. However, for specimens of the size of 28.0 ± 1.6 cm and more, the toxicity of the effluents increased with an increase in fish size. On the basis of the relative toxicity to fish, effluent from Punjab Tannery was found highly toxic and from Food Specialist Industry, the least toxic.
The Uptake of Ammonium, Nitrite and Nitrate Ions by Hydrodictyon reticulatum
Authors: Starý J. , Zeman A. , Kratzer K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been found that ammonium ions belong together with potassium and sodium ions to the main cationic species in algal cells. The intracellular concentration of ammonium ions, which changes from 4 to 160 μmol. g−1 wet weight, strongly influences the influx and reflux of different ions. Algal cells containing 4… 6 μmol of ammonium ions per gram cumulate ammonium ions in the light with a very high initial rate of 40… 80 pmol. cm−2. s−1, whereas the influx of nitrite or nitrate ions is slower by more than one order. Whereas ammonium ions simply displace potassium ions from the cell, the uptake of nitrite and nitrate ions is more complicated. These ions are rapidly reduced inside the cell into ammonium ions, which is connected with the reflux of potassium and hydroxyl ions. Ammonium ions formed take part in metabolic reactions releasing hydrogen ions.
Some Haematological Effects of Crude Oil on Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (BLOCH)
Authors: Prasad M. S. , Prasad P. , Singh D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe exposure of catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis to different concentrations (200, 500, 700, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm) of crude oil extract for a varying period (for up to 48 h in lethal extract and 360 h in sublethal one) resulted into a number of haematological changes. All the parameters taken here were found to have been increased except the haemoglobin level which fell down to 14.3 % in an acute lethal concentration (2000 ppm) after 48 h of exposure. The haematocrit value increased significantly (12 %) in 2000 ppm. The blood sugar level showed hyperglycemia in all the concentrations. The increase in ascorbic acid (28 %) was pronounced in higher concentrations.Changes occurring in different parameters seemed to be reversible as all the parameters returned to their normal levels after returning the fish to normal media, except the nuclear swelling which did not resume the normal functioning even after a prolonged treatment (1 month or more) in the recovery jar. The haematological effects shown by the crude oil resembled partly those kept in severe hypoxic conditions and partly to the fishes poisoned by heavy metals (Cu and Zn). On the basis of results obtained in this investigation, crude oil may be categorised as a complex toxic agent.
Application of Electrodialysis in Water Treatment
Authors: Dobrevsky I. , Petrov V. , Mavrov V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDesalination experiments by means of electrodialysis were carried out with a pilot plant of Soviet origin. Brackish water of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast with different fresh‐water concentrations and 135… 700 mg/1 salt was used as the salt water. The applied electrode voltages were 100… 400 V. In dependence on other conditions such as flow rate, temperature etc., there were determined the energy demand (referred to the removal of 1 kg salt) and the desalination effect. A mathematical model for calculating the energy consumption is derived from the experimental findings.
Sichttiefen und Wasserfarben der oberen Seen der Feldberger Seenlandschaft im Jahre 1984 und 1985, sowie ihre Veränderungen seit 1983
Authors: Richter W. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA simple device is described for determining the transparency by means of white and black as well as four coloured (450, 525, 575. 625 and 720 nm) Secchi disks. The changes in transparencies and water colours having occurred in the individual years in three lakes are discussed in connection with meteorological data. The differences occurring in a groove lake between three stations indicate the differences of the development of plankton.
Gewinnung biokinetischer Daten von Abwässern mit dem Respirationsfermentor. Teil 2: Einfluß des Sauerstoffpartialdruckes auf die spezifische Wachstumsrate beim aeroben biologischen Abbau von Prozeßwasser der Braunkohlenvergasung im mesophilen und im thermophilen Temperaturbereich
Authors: Martius G. , Behrens U. , Franz B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn improved laboratory respiration fermentor construction for batchwise operations by which permeations of gases through connecting rubber tubings could be avoided is described. From the registration of curves for oxygen consumption during batchwise treatment of waste water from coal gasification at 37°C a decrease of the COD reduction rate is observed when the dissolved oxygen concentration decreased to below 0,7 mg/l. At dissolved oxygen concentrations above 0,7 mg/l, biokinetic data were determined which on account of the improved respiratory fermenter construction diverge strongly from the values formerly given \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$({\rm \mu = 0,24 h}^{{\rm - 1}};Y_{\frac{x}{{{\rm O}_2 }}} = 0,57{\rm g\; OBTSZ/g O}_{\rm 2};Y_{\frac{x}{s}} = 0,32{\rm g\; OBTSZ/g\; COD}) $\end{document}. Investigations performed in the thermophilic range (55°C) led at dissolved oxygen concentration of 1,5 mg/l to significant slower COD‐reduction rates whereas at dissolved oxygen concentration of 1,5 mg/l the efficiency of COD‐reduction was significantly higher than in the mesophilic range.The results obtained at different dissolved oxygen concentrations and different treating temperatures are discussed.
Effect of Certain Organic Wastes on the Periphyton Levels of the Treated Waters
Authors: Kapur K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies on the effect of organic wastes on the periphyton levels reveal an efficiency in the decreasing order of duckery > poultry > cow‐dung > goat and sheep > piggery excreta. The biochemical constituents could be rated as soluble ash/Ca > crude proteins > dry matter > nitrogen free extract. Significance of the findings has been discussed.
Response of a Freshwater Ostracod (Cypris subglobosa SOWERBY) Exposed to Copper at Different pH Levels
Authors: Khangarot B. S. , Ray P. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractShort‐term tests of the acute toxicity of Cu2+ (from copper sulphate) to a freshwater ostracod, Cypris subglobosa SOWERBY were carried out at five different pH values from 5.5 to 8.5. The toxicity of copper abruptly decreased with an increase in pH of the Cu‐containing medium. The 48 h EC50 value of Cu increased from 0.35 ppm at pH =5.5… 5.1 ppm at pH =8.5. The per cent survival, median period of immobilization (ET50), slope functions and the 95 per cent confidence limits were determined at each pH level. The direct correlation between EC50 value and pH indicated that the acute toxicity of Cu decreased as the pH increased from 5.5… 8.5.
Mikrobiologische Untersuchungen an deponiebeeinflußten Wässern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung sulfatreduzierender Bakterien
Authors: Carmienke I. , Tauchnitz J. , Kiesel G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn seepage waters of eight different dumping sites, counts on agar and gelatine of endobacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci and sulphate reducers are determined and the influences exerted on them by various chemical criteria are discussed. Locations of dumping sites which can be regarded as dumping sites of noxious substances due to the Eh and pH values of their seepage waters indicate this status by low or lacking bacterial counts. The bacterial counts of the sulphate reducers correlate with the Eh/pH values. In fourty samples partly high numbers for sulphate reducers were found also above the limit of BAAS‐BECKING Eh = 4–115 mV. Considerably reduced conditions with high concentrations of sulphide and ammonium lead to the death of sulphate reducers. By impoundage of water in municipal refuse disposal sites there are created conditions for sulphuretes due to which these refuse disposal sites develop into sites of noxious substances.
Theorie und Praxis der indirekten Sulfatbestimmung mit Hilfe des Bariumverbrauches
Authors: Englmaier P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA description is given of the sulphate determination by means of precipitation by barium ions at 100 °C and pH = 4, centrifugation at 8000 g after cooling down and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of the excess barium at 553.6 nm in the presence of caesium as radiation buffer. The detection limit is 0.0352 mg/1 sulphate, reproducibility is in the range of 0.5 to 20 mg/1 sulphate ± 1.5%.
Sequencing Batch Experiments with activated Sludge Consuming Glucose and Phenol
Authors: Vavilin V. A. , Endo A. , Matsumoto J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the rather short solids retention time θ = 1.25 d phenol is not utilized by activated sludge and only glucose is consumed during the sequencing batch experiments. After glucose consumption the residual COD concentration (COD = 820 mg/l) is represented mainly by the phenol concentration. During the rather long solids retention time θ = 8 d phenol is consumed by activated sludge as well as glucose. In this case the residual COD concentration is much smaller (COD = 46 mg/l) and the ratio BOD5/COD = 0.1 is small, too. The general model of biological treatment suggested by one the authors earlier can describe the sequencing batch experimental data rather well.
Bio‐augmented activated sludge treatment of potato wastewaters
Authors: Yu Yeh R. ‐Li , Hung Yung‐Tse 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA laboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of bacterial augmentation with LLMO (liquid live microorganisms) on the activated sludge treatment of potato wastewaters. Completed mixed activated sludge bench scale reactors were used in this study. Parameters varied during the continuous reactor run included hydraulic detention time, LLMO addition, and powdered activated carbon addition. The hydraulic detention time lasted 1, 2, and 3 days, while the sludge age was maintained at 10 days for both reactors. The bio‐augmented reactor had a better COD removal than the non‐bio‐augmented reactor at a lower MLVSS level in the reactor. It is concluded that bacterial augmentation with LLMO improved slightly the COD removal efficiency in treating potato wastewaters with the activated sludge process. The bio‐augmentation increased the substrate removal rate, increased the oxygen utilization, and decreased the excess sludge production.
Alterations in the architecture of the gill surface produced by water‐borne copper in Heteropneustes fossilis (BLOCH)
Authors: Rajbanshi V. K. , Gupta A. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present investigation the effect of water‐borne copper on the gill architecture of a freshwater teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (BLOCH) was studied through scanning electron microscopy. The changes produced on the gill surface in a sublethal measured copper concentration (8.17 mg/1) in static bioassay after 96 h of exposure were fusion of secondary lamellae, rupture of various cellular components and deposition of excessive mucus and blood on the gill surface. The epithelial surface of treated gill thus lost the organized structures like microvilli, arborizing ridges and channels. The cause of fish mortality due to action of copper has been discussed in reference to reduced relative diffusing capacity along with other wide ranging effects on the metabolism of fish.