bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect modification of polypharmacy on incident frailty by chronic kidney disease in older adults
Authors: Mielke Nina , Barghouth Muhammad Helmi , Fietz Anne-Katrin , Villain Cédric , Bothe Tim , Ebert Natalie , Schaeffner Elke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Frailty and polypharmacy are common conditions in older adults, especially in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we analyzed the association of polypharmacy and incident frailty and the effect modification by CKD in very old adults.

Methods
In non-frail individuals within the Berlin Initiative (cohort) Study, polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) was assessed according to multiple definitions based on the number of regular and on demand prescription and over the counter drugs, as well as vitamins and supplements. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 and/or an albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g. Incident frailty was assessed at follow-up using Fried criteria. Logistic regression was applied to assess (1) the association of different polypharmacy definitions with incident frailty and (2) effect modification by CKD.

Results
In this cohort study, out of 757 non-frail participants (mean age 82.9 years, 52% female, 74% CKD), 298 (39%) participants reported polypharmacy. Over the observation period of 2.1 years, 105 became frail. Individuals with polypharmacy had 1.96 adjusted odds (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–3.19) of becoming frail compared to participants without polypharmacy. The effect of polypharmacy on incident frailty was modified by CKD on the additive scale (relative excess risk due to interaction: 1.56; 95% CI 0.01–3.12).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates an association of polypharmacy and incident frailty and suggests strong evidence for an effect modification of CKD on polypharmacy and incident frailty. Revision of prescriptions could be a target strategy to prevent frailty occurrence, especially in older adults with CKD.
Significance of early diagnosis and surgical management in treating Mycobacterium immunogenum-related pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis: a case report
Authors: Okinaka Tomohide , Fujimura Kenjiro , Hamasaki Yuka , Hasegawa Yuichi , Matono Takashi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNon-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms that are increasingly contributing to human infections.Mycobacterium immunogenum, a variant of NTM discovered in 2001, is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that exhibits multidrug resistance. Reports of infections caused by this organism, particularly tenosynovitis in the musculoskeletal system, are limited.Case presentationA 71-year-old female with vesicular pemphigus, undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, presented with a progressively enlarging tumour on the dorsum of her right hand, along with erythematous papules that extended across her right forearm. The specimens of skin tissues and blood cultures revealed the presence ofM. immunogenum. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation led to the diagnosis of pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis. A multidrug regimen, comprising amikacin and clarithromycin, was initiated, followed by synovectomy. The patient underwent a course of 180 days of antimicrobial therapy and demonstrated no signs of disease recurrence one year after treatment completion.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial to prevent the adverse prognostic implications of pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis caused byM. immunogenum. Effective management requires precise microbial identification and susceptibility testing, necessitating collaborative engagement with microbiological laboratories.
A prospective observational cohort study of covid-19 epidemiology and vaccine seroconversion in South Western Sydney, Australia, during the 2021–2022 pandemic period.
Authors: Potter Daniela , Diep Jason , Munro Colleen , Lin Noelle , Xu Ramon , Wong Jeffrey , Porritt Robert , Maley Michael , Foo Hong , Makris Angela 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
It is known that COVID-19 disproportionally adversely affects the immunocompromised, including kidney transplant recipients (KTR), as compared to the general population. Risk factors for adverse outcomes and vaccine seroconversion patterns are not fully understood. Australia was uniquely positioned to reduce initial case numbers during the 2021–2022 pandemic period due to its relative isolation and several significant public health interventions. South-Western Sydney Local Heath District was one of the predominant regions affected.

Methods
A single centre, prospective cohort study of prevalent renal transplant recipients was conducted between 25th July 2021 and 1st May 2022. Baseline characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination status, COVID-19 diagnosis and outcomes were determined from the electronic medical record, Australian vaccination register and Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Assessment of vaccine-induced seroconversion was assessed with ELISA in a subpopulation. Analysis was performed using SPSS v.28.

Results
We identified 444 prevalent transplant recipients (60% male, 50% diabetic, median age 58 years (Interquartile range (IQR)21.0) and eGFR 56 ml/min/1.73m2 (IQR 21.9). COVID-19 was identified in 32% (n = 142) of patients, of which 38% (n = 54) required hospitalisation and 7% (n = 10) died. At least one COVID-19 vaccination was received by 95% (n = 423) with 17 (4%) patients remaining unvaccinated throughout the study period. Seroconversion after 2 and 3 doses of vaccine was 22% and 48% respectively. Increased COVID-19 related deaths were associated with older age (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.004–1.192, p = 0.040), smoking exposure (aOR 8.2, 05% CI 1.020-65.649, p = 0.048) and respiratory disease (aOR 14.2, 95%CI:1.825–110.930, p = 0.011) on multi-variable regression analysis. Receipt of three doses of vaccination was protective against acquiring COVID-19 (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.287–0.796, p = 0.005) and death (aOR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.007–0.523, p = 0.011), but not against hospitalisation (p = 0.32). Seroconversion was protective for acquiring COVID-19 on multi-variable regression independent of vaccination dose (aOR 0.1, 95%CI: 0.0025–0.523, p = 0.011).

Conclusions
COVID-19 was associated with a high mortality rate. Older age, respiratory disease and prior smoking exposure may be risk factors for increased mortality. Vaccination of 3 doses is protective against acquiring COVID-19 and death, however not hospitalisation. Antibody response is protective for acquiring COVID-19, however seroconversion rates are low.
Comparing the outcomes of termination of second trimester pregnancy with a live fetus using intravaginal misoprostol between women with and without previous cesarean section
Authors: Pongsatha Saipin , Suntornlimsiri Nuchanart , Tongsong Theera 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To compare the outcomes of termination of pregnancy with live fetuses in the second trimester (14–28 weeks), using misoprostol 400 mcg intravaginal every 6 h, between women with previous cesarean section (PCS) and no previous cesarean section (no PCS).

Methods
A comparative study was conducted on a prospective database of pregnancy termination in the second trimester, Chiang Mai university hospital. Inclusion criteria included: (1) singleton pregnancy; (2) gestational age between 14 and 28 weeks; and (3) pregnancy with a live fetus and medically indicated for termination. The participants were categorized into two groups; PCS and no PCS group. All were terminated using misoprostol 400 mcg intravaginal every 6 h. The main outcomes were induction to fetal delivery interval and success rate, defined as fetal delivery within 48 h.

Results
A total of 238 women, including 80 PCS and 158 no PCS, were recruited. The success rate of fetal delivery within 48 h between both groups was not significantly different (91.3% vs. 93.0%; p-value 0.622). The induction to fetal delivery interval were not significantly different (1531 vs. 1279 min; p-value > 0.05). Gestational age was an independent factor for the success rate and required dosage of misoprostol. The rates of most adverse effects of misoprostol were similar. One case (1.3%) in the PCS group developed uterine rupture during termination, ending up with safe and successful surgical removal and uterine repair.

Conclusion
Intravaginal misoprostol is highly effective for second trimester termination of pregnancy with PCS and those with no PCS, with similar success rate and induction to fetal delivery interval. Gestational age was an independent factor for the success rate and required dosage of misoprostol. Uterine rupture could occur in 1.3% of PCS, implying that high precaution must be taken for early detection and proper management.

Synopsis
Intravaginal misoprostol is highly effective for termination of second trimester pregnancy with a live fetus, with a comparable success rate between women with and without previous cesarean section, with a 1.3% risk of uterine rupture among women with previous cesarean section.
Association between postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmadinezhad Golnaz Sadat , Karimi Fatemeh Zahra , Abdollahi Mahboobeh , NaviPour Elham 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother’s self-confidence. Considering the conflicting results regarding the relationship between postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy, this systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression.

Method
In this systematic review, published articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched using English keywords “Self-efficacy, breastfeeding, breastfeeding Self-efficacy, depression, postpartum depression” without publication date limit. Data analysis was done with employing STATA14 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 index which was 0%. Therefore, the fixed effects method was used to combine the data and perform meta-analysis.

Result
The results of the meta-analysis showed that based on the fixed effect method, depression was associated with decreased breastfeeding self-efficacy on the first day (SMD = 0.62, 95%CI: -0.830, -0.41, p = 0.0001) and on the third day (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: -0.55,1.14, p = 0.0001). The Begg and Manzumdar test revealed no publication bias, with p = 0.317.

Conclusion
Postpartum depression may be associated with a decrease in the mother’s breastfeeding self-efficacy and placing mother in a condition to pay low attention to her maternal role. Therefore, healthcare providers should provide adequate support according to the needs of mothers and develop diagnostic and treatment protocols to improve the level of maternal health.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in childhood and adolescent cancer care in northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gwanika Yotham , Rice Hannah E. , Metcalf Madeline , Espinoza Pamela , Kajoka Happiness D. , Rice Henry E. , Staton Catherine , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Majaliwa Esther , Smith Emily R. , Cotache-Condor Cesia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained healthcare systems and presented unique challenges for children requiring cancer care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to cancer care for children and adolescents in Northern Tanzania.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed the demographic and clinical characteristics of 547 pediatric and adolescent cancer patients (ages 0–19 years old) between 2016 and 2022 using the population-based Kilimanjaro Cancer Registry (KCR). We categorized data into pre-COVID-19 (2016–2019) and COVID-19 (2020–2022) eras, and performed descriptive analyses of diagnostic, treatment, and demographic information. A secondary analysis was conducted on a subset of 167 patients with stage of diagnosis at presentation.ResultsOverall admissions nearly doubled during the pandemic (n = 190 versus 357). The variety of diagnoses attended at KCMC increased during the pandemic, with only five groups of diseases reported in 2016 to twelve groups of diseases in 2021. Most patients were diagnosed at a late stage (stage III or IV) across eras, with the proportion of under-five years old patients increasing late-diagnoses from 29.4% (before the pandemic), 52.8% (during the pandemic), when compared to the overall cohort. Around 95% of children in this age category reported late-stage diagnosis during the pandemic. Six out of the twelve cancer site groups also reported an increase in late-stage diagnosis. During the pandemic, the proportion of children receiving surgery increased from 15.8 to 30.8% (p < 0.001).ConclusionChildhood and adolescent cancer care changed in Northern Tanzania during the COVID-19 pandemic, with increased late-stage diagnoses presentations among younger patients and the increased use of surgical therapies in the context of a growing practice. Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric and adolescent cancer care can help us better adapt healthcare systems and interventions to the emerging needs of children and adolescents with cancer in the midst of a health crisis.
Partial recovery of peripheral blood monocyte subsets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients upon radio(chemo)therapy is associated with decreased plasma CXCL11
Authors: Idel Christian , Fleckner Jonas , Plötze-Martin Kirstin , Werner Lotte , Rades Dirk , Theodoraki Marie-Nicole , Hofmann Linda , Huber Diana , Leichtle Anke , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Bruchhage Karl-Ludwig , Pries Ralph 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a common and heterogeneous malignancy of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Surgery and radio(chemo)therapy are the standard treatment options and also have great influence on the composition of the tumor microenvironment and immune cell functions. However, the impact of radio(chemo)therapy on the distribution and characteristics of circulating monocyte subsets in HNSCC are not fully understood.

Methods
Expression patterns of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors CD11a (integrin-α L; LFA-1), CD11b (integrin-α M; Mac-1), CD11c (integrin-α X), CX3CR1 (CX3CL1 receptor) and checkpoint molecule PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand-1) were investigated upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment using flow cytometry. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of plasma cytokines was performed before and after treatment using ELISA measurements.

Results
Our data reveal a partial recovery of circulating monocytes in HNSCC patients upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment, with differential effects of the individual therapy regimen. PD-L1 expression on non-classical monocytes significantly correlates with the individual plasma levels of chemokine CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine 11).

Conclusions
Further comprehensive investigations on larger patient cohorts are required to elucidate the meaningfulness of peripheral blood monocyte subsets and chemokine CXCL11 as potential bioliquid indicators in HNSCC with regard to therapy response and the individual immunological situation.
A chest CT-based nomogram for predicting survival in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yi Xiaoping , Zhan Huien , Lyu Jun , Du Juan , Dai Min , Zhao Min , Zhang Yu , Zhou Cheng , Xu Xin , Fan Yi , Li Lin , Dong Baoxia , Jiang Xinya , Xiao Zeyu , Zhou Jihao , Zhao Minyi , Zhang Jian , Fu Yan , Chen Tingting , Xu Yang , Tian Jie , Liu Qifa , Zeng Hui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The identification of survival predictors is crucial for early intervention to improve outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aim to identify chest computed tomography (CT)-derived features to predict prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods
952 patients with pathologically-confirmed AML were retrospectively enrolled between 2010 and 2020. CT-derived features (including body composition and subcutaneous fat features), were obtained from the initial chest CT images and were used to build models to predict the prognosis. A CT-derived MSF nomogram was constructed using multivariate Cox regression incorporating CT-based features. The performance of the prediction models was assessed with discrimination, calibration, decision curves and improvements.

Results
Three CT-derived features, including myosarcopenia, spleen_CTV, and SF_CTV (MSF) were identified as the independent predictors for prognosis in AML (P < 0.01). A CT-MSF nomogram showed a performance with AUCs of 0.717, 0.794, 0.796 and 0.792 for predicting the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities in the validation cohort, which were significantly higher than the ELN risk model. Moreover, a new MSN stratification system (MSF nomogram plus ELN risk model) could stratify patients into new high, intermediate and low risk group. Patients with high MSN risk may benefit from intensive treatment (P = 0.0011).

Conclusions
In summary, the chest CT-MSF nomogram, integrating myosarcopenia, spleen_CTV, and SF_CTV features, could be used to predict prognosis of AML.
Study of association between corneal shape parameters and axial length elongation during orthokeratology using image-pro plus software
Authors: Wang W. , Deng J. , Yin C. , Wang F. , Zhang C. , Yu C. , Gong S. , Zhan X. , Chen S. , Shen D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to validate the correlation between corneal shape parameters and axial length growth (ALG) during orthokeratology using Image-Pro Plus (IPP) 6.0 software.MethodsThis retrospective study used medical records of myopic children aged 8–13 years (n = 104) undergoing orthokeratology. Their corneal topography and axial length were measured at baseline and subsequent follow-ups after lens wear. Corneal shape parameters, including the treatment zone (TZ) area, TZ diameter, TZ fractal dimension, TZ radius ratio, eccentric distance, pupil area, and pupillary peripheral steepened zone(PSZ) area, were measured using IPP software. The impact of corneal shape parameters at 3 months post-orthokeratology visit on 1.5-year ALG was evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis.ResultsALG exhibited significant associations with age, TZ area, TZ diameter, TZ fractal dimension, and eccentric distance on univariate linear regression analysis. Multivariate regression analysis identified age, TZ area, and eccentric distance as significantly correlated with ALG (allP < 0.01), with eccentric distance showing the strongest correlation (β = −0.370). The regressive equation was y = 1.870 − 0.235a + 0.276b − 0.370c, whereyrepresents ALG, a represents age, b represents TZ area, and c represents eccentric distance;R2 = 0.27). No significant relationships were observed between the TZ radius ratio, pupillary PSZ area, and ALG.ConclusionsIPP software proves effective in capturing precise corneal shape parameters after orthokeratology. Eccentric distance, rather than age or the TZ area, significantly influences ALG retardation.
Network analysis on psychopathological symptoms, psychological measures, quality of life and COVID-19 related factors in Chinese psychiatric patients in Hong Kong
Authors: Fung Vivian Shi Cheng , Chan Joe Kwun Nam , Chui Eileena Mo Ching , Wong Corine Sau Man , Chu Ryan Sai Ting , So Yuen Kiu , Chan Jacob Man Tik , Chung Albert Kar Kin , Lee Krystal Chi Kei , Lo Heidi Ka Ying , Cheng Calvin Pak Wing , Law Chi Wing , Chan Wai Chi , Chang Wing Chung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Psychiatric patients are susceptible to adverse mental health impacts during COVID-19, but complex interplays between psychopathology and pandemic-related variables remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate concomitant associations between psychopathological symptoms, psychological measures and COVID-19 related variables in Chinese psychiatric patients during the peak of fifth pandemic wave in Hong Kong.

Methods
We employed network analysis to investigate inter-relationships among psychopathological symptoms (including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder-like [PTSD-like] symptoms, insomnia, psychotic symptoms), cognitive complaints, health-related quality of life, loneliness, resilience and selected pandemic-related factors in 415 psychiatric outpatients between 28 March and 8 April, 2022. Network comparisons between genders, diagnosis (common mental disorders [CMD] vs. severe mental disorders [SMD]), and history of contracting COVID-19 at fifth wave were performed as exploratory analyses.

Results
Our results showed that anxiety represented the most central node in the network, as indicated by its highest node strength and expected influence, followed by depression and quality of life. Three comparatively strong connections between COVID-19 and psychopathological variables were observed including: fear of contagion and PTSD-like symptoms, COVID-19 stressor burden and PTSD-like symptoms, and COVID-19 stressor burden and insomnia. Network comparison tests revealed significant network structural difference between participants with history of contracting COVID-19 and those without, but showed no significant difference between genders as well as between CMD and SMD patients.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest the pivotal role of anxiety in psychopathology network of psychiatric patients amidst COVID-19. Pandemic-related variables are critically associated with trauma/stress and insomnia symptoms. Future research is required to elucidate potential network structural changes between pandemic and post-COVID periods.
Estimated public health impact of concurrent mask mandate and vaccinate-or-test requirement in Illinois, October to December 2021
Authors: Castonguay François M. , Barnes Arti , Jeon Seonghye , Fornoff Jane , Adhikari Bishwa B. , Fischer Leah S. , Greening Bradford , Hassan Adebola O. , Kahn Emily B. , Kang Gloria J. , Kauerauf Judy , Patrick Sarah , Vohra Sameer , Meltzer Martin I. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Facing a surge of COVID-19 cases in late August 2021, the U.S. state of Illinois re-enacted its COVID-19 mask mandate for the general public and issued a requirement for workers in certain professions to be vaccinated against COVID-19 or undergo weekly testing. The mask mandate required any individual, regardless of their vaccination status, to wear a well-fitting mask in an indoor setting.

Methods
We used Illinois Department of Public Health’s COVID-19 confirmed case and vaccination data and investigated scenarios where masking and vaccination would have been reduced to mimic what would have happened had the mask mandate or vaccine requirement not been put in place. The study examined a range of potential reductions in masking and vaccination mimicking potential scenarios had the mask mandate or vaccine requirement not been enacted. We estimated COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations averted by changes in masking and vaccination during the period covering October 20 to December 20, 2021.

Results
We find that the announcement and implementation of a mask mandate are likely to correlate with a strong protective effect at reducing COVID-19 burden and the announcement of a vaccinate-or-test requirement among frontline professionals is likely to correlate with a more modest protective effect at reducing COVID-19 burden. In our most conservative scenario, we estimated that from the period of October 20 to December 20, 2021, the mask mandate likely prevented approximately 58,000 cases and 1,175 hospitalizations, while the vaccinate-or-test requirement may have prevented at most approximately 24,000 cases and 475 hospitalizations.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that mask mandates and vaccine-or-test requirements are vital in mitigating the burden of COVID-19 during surges of the virus.