bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very‐high‐dose α‐tocopherol supplementation increases blood pressure and causes possible adverse central nervous system effects in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Miyamoto Kaori , Shiozaki Motoko , Shibata Masahiro , Koike Masato , Uchiyama Yasuo , Gotow Takahiro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTocopherols and tocotrienols constitute the vitamin E family. Although α‐tocotrienol is the most neuroprotective form of vitamin E proved to be effective against stroke, α‐tocopherol is the most abundant in nature and is used most often for disease prevention/treatment. A recent metaanalysis of human studies suggested that α‐tocopherol supplementation increases all‐cause mortality. Therefore, we investigated the effects of α‐tocopherol (∼44 mg/kg body weight; equivalent to 2,600 mg/human/day) on the central nervous system (CNS) of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). SHRSP treated with high dose α‐tocopherol had significantly higher blood pressure than untreated controls fed a basal diet that contained ∼4 mg tocopherols/kg body weight, but neither group experienced a change in degree of lipid peroxidation in serum or CNS tissue. Biochemical/immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that expressions of phosphorylated neurofilament H protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and cathepsin D in the CNS tissue were significantly enhanced in α‐tocopherol‐supplemented rats, whereas expressions of SOD2 and Bcl‐xL were diminished in response to α‐tocopherol supplementation. Similarly, the frequency of cathepsin D‐positive cells, corresponding mostly to microglial cells, was significantly increased in α‐tocopherol‐supplemented rats. α‐Tocopherol supplementation also increased the number of lysosomes and lipofuscin granules in perikarya of both hippocampal pyramidal and Purkinje cells. Furthermore, α‐tocopherol supplementation increased the frequency of glial filaments and lipofuscin granules in astrocytes and lysosomes in microglial cells that were frequently occupied with phagocytosed inclusion structures. The present results are the first to suggest that a very high dose of α‐tocopherol supplementation increases blood pressure in SHRSP rats and influences the CNS tissue in a manner that seems adverse. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climate perspective on the large‐scale circulation associated with the transition of the first South Atlantic hurricane
Authors: Pezza Alexandre Bernardes , Simmonds Ian , Pereira Filho Augusto Jose 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe landfall of Cyclone Catarina on the Brazilian coast in March 2004 became known as the first documented hurricane in the South Atlantic Ocean, promoting a new view on how large‐scale features can contribute to tropical transition. The aim of this paper is to put the large‐scale circulation associated with Catarina's transition in climate perspective. This is discussed in the light of a robust pattern of spatial correlations between thermodynamic and dynamic variables of importance for hurricane formation. A discussion on how transition mechanisms respond to the present‐day circulation is presented. These associations help in understanding why Catarina was formed in a region previously thought to be hurricane‐free.Catarina developed over a large‐scale area of thermodynamically favourable air/sea temperature contrast. This aspect explains the paradox that such a rare system developed when the sea surface temperature was slightly below average. But, although thermodynamics played an important role, it is apparent that Catarina would not have formed without the key dynamic interplay triggered by a high latitude blocking. The blocking was associated with an extreme positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) both hemispherically and locally, and the nearby area where Catarina developed is found to be more cyclonic during the positive phase of the SAM. A conceptual model is developed and a ‘South Atlantic index’ is introduced as a useful diagnostic of potential conditions leading to tropical transition in the area, where large‐scale indices indicate trends towards more favourable atmospheric conditions for tropical cyclone formation. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Fluctuations in autumn–winter severe storms over the British Isles: 1920 to present
Authors: Allan Rob , Tett Simon , Alexander Lisa 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn examination of extreme storms across the British Isles over the last 85 years during the boreal autumn [October, November, December (OND)] and winter [January, February, March (JFM)] shows that large‐scale natural climate variability plays an important role in modulating the intensity and frequency of these events.Severe storms across the British Isles were most prominent in the 1920s and 1990s in OND, and in the 1920s, 1980s and 1990s in JFM. There is a significant correlation between JFM severe storminess across the British Isles and both the Gibraltar–South‐West (SW) Iceland and Azores–Iceland indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), but this relationship fluctuates over the 85 years of data. Strongest NAO relationships occur during 1970–1990 and 1940–1960, with a weaker correlation in the 1920s–1940s, and effectively no correlation in 1950–1970. There is no significant relationship between the Gibraltar–SW Iceland NAO and severe storms in OND, but a significant correlation exists with the Azores–Iceland NAO and there is a clear link to a pattern in mean sea level pressure (MSLP) extending from the tropical Atlantic to higher latitudes of the North Atlantic. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences from the Pacific Ocean also appear to play a role in modulating OND severe storms over the British Isles. Importantly, severe storms in OND and JFM seasons respond to different physical mechanisms.Future work is needed to extend this study back into the late 19th century in order to evaluate fully any changes in severe storms across the British Isles using a longer instrumental record. This may be best achieved through long historical surface‐observations‐only global reanalyses, which can reconstruct tropospheric weather variables using longer instrumental records of daily to sub‐daily MSLP. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Hydrogen peroxide induced repression of icaADBC transcription and biofilm development in Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Glynn Aaron A. , O'Donnell Sinead T. , Molony Diarmuid C. , Sheehan Eoin , McCormack Damian J. , O'Gara James P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractExpression of the icaADBC‐encoded polysaccharide intercellular adhesion by Staphylococcus epidermidis promotes biofilm formation and represents an important virulence factor in biomaterial‐related infections following orthopedic surgery. Biofilm development by the pathogen can be viewed as a protective reaction to environmental stressors including osmotic stress, thermal stress, and antimicrobial chemotherapy. Oxidative stress, arising from the release of toxic oxygen radicals by polymorphonuclear cells, is encountered by bacteria entering the body perioperatively. Evasion of this and other cell‐mediated immune responses by pathogenic bacteria plays an important role in the development of chronic biomaterial‐related infection. Here we investigated the impact of sublethal oxidative stress induced by H2O2 (<18 mM) on S. epidermidis biofilm formation. S. epidermidis grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) media supplemented with 5 mM H2O2 or 10 mM H2O2 formed significantly less biofilm (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) than bacteria grown in BHI alone. Consistent with this, using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction expression of the ica locus was also shown to be reduced by subinhibitory concentrations of H2O2. Furthermore, diminished ica operon expression correlated with increased expression of icaR, which encodes a repressor of icaADBC. Thus, these data suggest that mild oxidative stress downregulates biofilm development by S. epidermidis and may have potential in a therapeutic context. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 627–630, 2009
Elevated preoperative serum carcinoembrionic antigen level may be an effective indicator for needing adjuvant chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of stage II colon cancer
Authors: Ogata Yutaka , Murakami Hidetsugu , Sasatomi Teruo , Ishibashi Nobuya , Mori Shinjiro , Ushijima Masataka , Akagi Yoshito , Shirouzu Kazuo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the prognostic factors and to rationalize adjuvant therapy, the clinicopathologic data of patients with a stage II colon cancer were analyzed retrospectively.Patients and MethodsA total of 392 patients underwent potentially curative resection at the Kurume University Hospital between 1982 and 2005. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using oral fluoropyrimidines was administered in 163 patients, and the other 229 patients underwent surgery alone. Univariate and multivariate analyses for prognostic factors were carried out.ResultsInvasive type in gross features, elevated preoperative CEA level, and surgery alone were each an independently significant factor for shorter relapse‐free survival, and tumor size <50 mm, invasive type in gross features, elevated preoperative CEA level, and surgery alone were each an independently significant factor for shorter overall survival. The relapse‐free survival rate and overall survival rate in the patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly higher than those in the patients treated with surgery alone even after stratifying to the preoperative CEA level.ConclusionPatients with an elevated preoperative CEA may be candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection in stage II colon cancer. These findings warrant clinical trials to test out the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer with an elevated preoperative CEA. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:65–70. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic and mechanistic investigation into the influence of chelate substituents on the substitution reactions of platinum(II) terpyridine complexes
Authors: Jaganyi Deogratius , Boer Kristy‐Lyn De , Gertenbach Jan , Perils Joanne 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe substitution kinetics of the complexes [Pt{4′‐(o‐CH3‐Ph)‐terpy} Cl]SbF6 (CH3PhPtCl(Sb)), [Pt{4′‐(o‐CH3‐Ph)‐terpy}Cl]CF3SO3 (CH3PhPtCl(CF)), [Pt(4′‐Ph‐terpy)Cl]SbF6 (PhPtCl), [Pt(terpy)Cl]Cl·2H2O (PtCl), [Pt{4′‐(o‐Cl‐Ph)‐terpy}Cl]SbF6 (ClPhPtCl), and [Pt{4′‐(o‐CF3‐Ph)‐terpy}Cl]SbF6 (CF3PhPtCl), where terpy is 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine, with the nucleophiles thiourea (TU), N,N′‐dimethylthiourea (DMTU), and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylthiourea (TMTU) were investigated in methanol as a solvent. The substitution reactions of the chloride displacement from the metal complexes by the nucleophiles were investigated as a function of nucleophile concentration and temperature under pseudo‐first‐order conditions using the stopped‐flow technique. The reactions followed the simple rate law kobs = k2[Nu]. The results indicate that the introduction of substituents in the ortho position of the phenyl group on the ancillary ring of the terpy unit does influence the extent of π‐backbonding in the terpy ring. This controls the electrophilicity of the platinum center, which in turn controls the lability of the chloro‐leaving group. The strength of the electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing ability of the substituents correlates with the reactivity of the complexes. Electron‐donating substituents decrease the rate of substitution, whereas electron‐withdrawing substituents increase the rate of substitution. This was supported by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/LACVP+** level of theory, which showed that most of the electron density of the HOMO is concentrated on the phenyl ligand rather than on the metal center in the case of the strongest electron‐withdrawing substituent in CF3PhPtCl. The opposite was found to be true with the strongest electron‐donating substituent in CH3PhPtCl. Thiourea was found to be the best nucleophile with N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylthiourea being the weakest due to steric effects. The temperature dependence studies support an associative mode of activation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 808–818, 2008
Size and pressure independent kinetics of CO oxidation on alumina‐supported iridium nanoparticles
Authors: Sushchikh Michael , Cameron Lucas , Metiu Horia , McFarland Eric W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe gas‐phase oxidation of CO catalyzed by iridium was studied under CO‐rich reactant conditions over the pressure range 10−4–10−2 Pa to investigate the controversial size and pressure dependencies. The reactivity of iridium clusters with an average size of 3 nm was compared to macroscopic metal particles with extended single crystal facets over a range of temperatures (433–573 K), and the apparent activation energies for CO oxidation were consistent with the known activation energies for CO desorption from iridium surfaces. No size‐specific dependence of the reaction kinetics was measured, and no indication of the previously reported “pressure gap” was observed. Unlike many other transition metal catalysts, iridium may be used as a model catalyst for CO oxidation in different morphological forms over a range of pressures without invoking a change in the kinetic model. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 826–830, 2008
Study of the reaction of methyl 4‐nitrobenzenesulfonate and Br− in water–glycerol cationic micellar solutions
Authors: Graciani María Del Mar , Rodríguez Amalia , Fernández Gaspar , Muñoz María , Moyá María luisa 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe reaction of methyl 4‐nitrobenzenesulfonate (MNB) and Br− has been studied in water–glycerol (GLY) alkyltrimethylammonium bromide micellar solutions, with the weight percentage of glycerol up to 50%. A pseudophase kinetic model was used for quantitatively discussing the kinetic data. Results showed that the equilibrium‐binding constant for the organic substrate molecules to the cationic micelles decreases upon increasing the amount of glycerol present in the micellar reaction media. The second‐order rate constant of the reaction in the micellar pseudophase is practically independent of wt% of GLY. Similar results were found in other water–organic solvent alkyltrimethylammonium bromide micellar solutions for the same process. However, the dependence of the reaction rate, for a given surfactant concentration, on the wt% of organic solvent is weaker for glycerol than for the other organic solvents. This was explained by considering that the cationic micellar ionization degree is nearly independent of wt% GLY. As a consequence, bromide ions concentration in the interfacial region (the reaction site) does not change by varying wt% of GLY. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 845–582, 2008
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, delayed start study to assess rasagiline as a disease modifying therapy in Parkinson's disease (the ADAGIO study): Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics
Authors: Olanow C. Warren , Hauser Robert A. , Jankovic Joseph , Langston William , Lang Anthony , Poewe Werner , Tolosa Eduardo , Stocchi Fabrizio , Melamed Eldad , Eyal Eli , Rascol Olivier 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA neuroprotective therapy is the single most important unmet medical need in Parkinson's disease. Several promising agents in the laboratory have been tested in the clinic, but none has been established in clinical trials to have a disease modifying effect despite positive results because of potential confounding symptomatic or pharmacologic effects. The delayed start design was developed to try to avoid a symptomatic confound when testing a putative neuroprotective therapy. In this study design, patients are randomly assigned to study drug or placebo in the first phase of the study, and both groups receive the active drug in the second phase. If benefits seen at the end of phase I persist through the end of phase II, they cannot be readily explained by a symptomatic effect (as patients in both groups are receiving the same medication) and benefits in the early start group must relate to the early initiation of the treatment. Although the precise mechanism responsible for such an effect can be debated, positive results in a delayed start study indicate that patients who receive early treatment have a better outcome than those where the treatment is delayed. We are using the delayed start design to assess the potential disease modifying effects of rasagiline in a prospective double blind controlled trial (the ADAGIO study). We here describe the rationale for the study and baseline characteristics of the 1,176 patients who have been enrolled into the trial. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Anterolateral thigh flap pedicle for interposition artery and vein grafts in head and neck reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Bianchi Bernardo , Copelli Chiara , Ferrari Silvano , Ferri Andrea , Sesenna Enrico 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe selection of receiving vessels is one of the most critical steps in ensuring a successful outcome in microvascular surgery. The use of interposition grafts in microsurgery offers the surgeon valuable options when the free flaps vascular pedicles are too short to be anastomosed directly to the recipient vessels. Here, we present a case in which artery and vein grafts were used in microsurgical reconstruction of an anterior maxillary defect with an iliac free flap. As donor vessels, we used the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and one of the two venae commitantes. The flap survived without major or minor complications. The anterolateral thigh flap pedicle allowed us to harvest safe, reliable grafts easily, with a suitable vessel length and diameter. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Treatment of upper limb lymphedema with combination of liposuction, myocutaneous flap transfer, and lymph‐fascia grafting: A preliminary study
Authors: Qi Fazhi , Gu Jianying , Shi Yuedong , Yang Yanwen 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTreatment of obstructive extremity lymphedema remains a challenge in reconstructive surgery, since none of the varieties of procedures have been demonstrated a reliable resolution for the lymphedema. In this report, we present the preliminary results of treatment of severe upper extremity lymphedema with combined liposuction, latissimus myocutaneous flap transfer, and lymph‐fascia grafting in 11 patients. All patients had histories of radical mastectomy, irradiation therapy for breast cancer, and frequent onsets of erysipelas. Postoperative measurements in an average of 26 months follow up showed that significant decrease of circumferences of the arms on all levels at surgery side were achieved. The onsets of erysipelas were also reduced. There was no chronic lymphedema found in the donor leg after harvest of the lymph‐fascia graft. The results suggest the strategy of liposuction, latissimus myocutaneous flap transfer, and lymph‐fascia grafting may provide a useful method for treatment of the chronic upper extremity lymphedema with severe axillary scar contracture. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Hemodynamic alterations in the transferred tissue to lower extremities
Authors: Sakurai Hiroyuki , Yamaki Takashi , Takeuchi Masaki , Soejima Kazutaka , Kono Taro , Nozaki Motohiro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA higher incidence of failure has been reported for free flaps transplanted to the lower extremities. However, the physiological background of this phenomenon has not been elucidated. We reviewed the 3‐day postoperative hemodynamic data for 103 free flaps, including the in situ venous pressure (N = 103), arterial pressure (N = 53), and surface blood flow (N = 42). The cases were divided into two groups based on the recipient site, i.e., lower extremity (the LE group: N = 29) and the other (non‐LE group: N = 74). The venous pressure was significantly higher in the LE group (26.6 ± 2.2 vs. 14.8 ± 1.2 mmHg), whereas the arterial pressure immediately after surgery was lower than the non‐LE group. The hemodynamic data within the transferred tissues demonstrated significant differences between groups, especially in the early postoperative period. There is a possibility that the high venous pressure may aggravate the poor perfusion in tissues transferred to the lower extremities. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
The thoracodorsal vascular tree‐based combined fascial flaps
Authors: Takeishi Meisei , Ishida Katsuhiro , Makino Yojiro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this study, combined fascial flaps pedicled on the thoracodorsal artery and vein were raised and used for thin coverage of dorsal surfaces of the fingers and the dorsum of hand and foot with favorable results. The combined fascial flaps consist of the serratus anterior fascia and the axillary fascia at the entrance of the latissimus dorsi. These flaps were used for reconstruction of the hand, fingers, or foot in nine patients. Reconstruction was performed for burn or burn scar contracture, after resection of malignant tumors, posttraumatic skin defects, and chronic regional pain syndrome. The sites of reconstruction were dorsal surfaces of fingers, dorsum of hand, wrist and palm, forearm, lower leg, and foot. The flaps were used in various configurations including two independent fascial flaps, two‐lobed fascial flap with separate feeding vessels, and composite fascial and thoracodorsal artery perforator flap. The fascial and skin flaps survived in all nine patients, with favorable results both functionally and esthetically. Good coverage of soft tissue defects and good recovery of range of motion in resurfaced joints were achieved. There were no complications. The scars at the sites of harvest were not noticeable. The advantage of this method is that not only a single flap but flaps of a variety of configurations can be harvested for different purposes. The thoracodorsal vascular tree‐based combined fascial flaps are useful for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the extremities. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Flap pedicle vena comitant as a vein graft donor source
Authors: Stewart Daniel , Liau James , Vasconez Henry 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA vena comitant segment harvested from a flap's pedicle can be used as an interpositional vein graft in selected microvascular cases. When a vascular pedicle includes paired venae comitantes, one of these can prove suitable for use as a vein graft while still allowing for venous outflow of the flap. An additional operative site and procedure to harvest a vein graft can be avoided if a vena comitant segment can be used. We present eight cases in which pedicle vena comitant segments were used as interpositional vein grafts. In six cases, vena comitant grafts were used to supercharge or augment venous outflow in transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps used for breast reconstruction. A vena comitant graft was used to revise the venous anastomosis in one deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. The arterial anastomosis was revised with a vena comitant graft in a gracilis muscle free flap. Our experience demonstrates the viability and utility of using the flap pedicle's vena comitant as a source of vein graft in selected cases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.