bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Synthesis of 2‐(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate (Co)Polymers by Solution Radical Polymerization: Modeling and Experimental Study
Authors: Ajogbeje Opeyemi J. , Pishnamazi Mohammad , Lacík Igor , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe radical polymerization kinetics of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) is explored in dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol (EtOH), ethanol‐water (EtOH/H2O), and water. In situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used to study both solvolysis and polymerization kinetics. Hydrolysis of nonionized DMAEMA occurs in H2O and ethanolysis in EtOH/H2O mixtures to form both methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethyl methacrylate (EMA), with the presence of water increasing the rate of ethanolysis in the mixed solvent. Although some solvolysis occurred in EtOH and EtOH/H2O containing 25 wt.% H2O, the rates are sufficiently low that essentially poly(DMAEMA) homopolymer is synthesized, unlike the DMAEMA/MAA copolymer formed in water and the DMAEMA/MAA/EMA terpolymer formed in water‐rich EtOH/H2O. A model is constructed to represent the polymerization of nonionized DMAEMA in solution, with the experimental results used to estimate key rate coefficients. The model predictions show good agreement with the experimental data on monomer conversion, average molar masses, and molar mass distributions. Similarly, the rate coefficients for polymerization of ionized DMAEMA are estimated based on experiments conducted in water at pH 1 and 4. The understanding gained from these studies is combined into a comprehensive mechanistic model to describe the polymerization of partially‐ionized DMAEMA in the presence of hydrolysis.
Experiences of the Management of Uncertainty Amongst Musculoskeletal First Contact Practitioners Working in Primary Care
Authors: Parselle Matt , May Sue 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo develop a deeper understanding of strategies used to manage uncertainty by Musculoskeletal First Contact Practitioners (MSK FCPs), including barriers to and facilitators for these strategies.BackgroundMSK FCP services provide patients with an alternative to seeing their GP regarding MSK complaints. Research suggests that the role demands different skills and attributes from traditional physiotherapy roles, including the ability to deal with greater clinical uncertainty. There is a lack of research evaluating the strategies FCPs find most helpful for managing uncertainty.MethodA qualitative study using semi‐structured online interviews. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data was analysed using Braun & Clarke's reflexive approach to thematic analysis. The research was underpinned by a theoretical framework of hermeneutic phenomenology.FindingsNine participants were recruited. Three main themes were developed: (1) Being comfortable with being uncomfortable; (2) Teamwork makes the dream work and (3) Navigating uncertainty with patients.ConclusionThis study provides further insight into how FCPs manage uncertainty. Management of uncertainty was influenced by many factors, including: clinician experience, patient complexity and wider medical knowledge, fear of over‐medicalising patients, communication and consultation styles and having protected non‐clinical time. Recommendations for clinical practice include: consideration of the challenges facing FCPs, and what support is needed to maintain staff retention, health and wellbeing; consideration of how FCPs might best approach meeting the needs of an ageing population and supporting change in health and wellness behaviour. The key to successful management of uncertainty was having a supportive team which encouraged open non‐judgemental discussions about uncertainty.
Numerical Modeling of MICP Grouting in Homogeneous and Layered Heterogeneous Soils
Authors: Ma Guo‐Liang , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Xiao Yang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicrobially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been extensively studied through experiments as a potential solution for ground improvement. However, the investigation and optimization of the MICP grouting process remain incomplete due to various experimental limitations, such as budget constraints, equipment availability, time limit, and suitable sites. As a result, the numerical method could be a practical approach, providing a clearer understanding of the hydrological‐biological‐chemical processes involved, which could help improve the performance of MICP. In this study, a hydrological‐biological‐chemical coupling model was developed to simulate MICP grouting in both homogeneous and layered heterogeneous soils, which is often found in nature. The model effectively captures the impact of carbonate precipitation on critical aspects of the grouting process, such as flow field, bacterial adsorption, bacterial activity, and soil properties. Additionally, the Péclet and Damköhler numbers were introduced to comprehensively describe the impact of various grouting factors on the distribution of precipitates and the average CaCO3 increment in homogeneous soils. In layered heterogeneous soils, it was observed that some solutions migrate across the interface between the two soil layers, leading to an accumulation of precipitates near the interface and forming a wedge‐shaped CaCO3 increment zone in the lower‐permeability soil layer. Beyond this wedge‐shaped zone, the distribution of CaCO3 is comparable to that in homogeneous soils. These findings suggest that in layered heterogeneous soils, special attention should be given to the area adjacent to the soil interface in the less permeable layer, as the precipitate distribution in other regions mirrors that in corresponding homogeneous soils.
The dynamic relationship of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and oxytocin: Introducing the concept of neurosocial plasticity
Authors: Faraji Jamshid , Metz Gerlinde A. S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe human brain functions as a highly integrated system. Interconnected cellular and molecular networks within this system process sensory information, cognitive functions, and motor responses. The brain also exhibits a remarkable potential for plasticity‐driven adaptive learning and memory. Importantly, neuroplasticity serves as a key mechanism of neuroprotection while also enabling the brain to compensate for injury through adaptive structural remodeling. Understanding the brain as a dynamic system requires examining how its components interact to produce adaptive physiological responses and complex behaviors, such as social interactions. Key molecules, such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxytocin (OT), play pivotal roles in maintaining the brain's dynamic complexity and integrative functioning. In this review, we introduce the concept of “neurosocial plasticity”, which refers to the brain's ability to adapt both neural circuitry and social behavior through the dynamic interaction between BDNF and OT. This concept highlights how BDNF–OT interactions may support both neural plasticity and the capacity for adaptive social functioning. We then explore how their co‐localization, co‐expression, and co‐regulation may regulate neural and social plasticity, ultimately shaping the brain's adaptability and the development of social behaviors across various contexts.
A Novel Riemannian Conjugate Gradient Method on Quaternion Stiefel Manifold for Computing Truncated Quaternion Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Huang Baohua , Jia Zhigang , Li Wen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA novel Riemannian conjugate gradient method on the quaternion Stiefel manifold is presented to solve the truncated quaternion singular value decomposition (QSVD) problem. It yields an efficient numerical implementation and can be feasibly embedded into modern machine learning methods for color image processing. The fundamental Riemannian geometry is built on a new structured Stiefel manifold, including tangent space, orthogonal projection, reaction, vector transport, and Riemannian gradient. Three new quaternion Riemannian conjugate gradient algorithms are presented, and their global convergence is proposed for the truncated QSVD computation. Numerical experiments on color image low‐rank approximation and color face recognition indicate the superiority of the newly proposed algorithms over the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Gene Expression Profiling in the Cortex of Fabp4 Knockout Mice
Authors: Kirikae Hinako , He Xiaofeng , Ohnishi Tetsuo , Miyazaki Hirofumi , Yoshikawa Takeo , Owada Yuji , Maekawa Motoko 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsFatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte (Fabp4), is well known for its role in peripheral lipid metabolism, but its potential role in brain function remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate Fabp4 expression in the adult mouse brain and explore gene expression changes in Fabp4 knockout (KO) mice to assess its potential impact on brain function.MethodsWe conducted in situ hybridization to assess Fabp4 expression in key brain regions of adult mice. In parallel, differential gene expression analysis using RNA‐seq was conducted in the prefrontal cortex of Fabp4 KO mice to identify genes affected by Fabp4 deficiency.ResultsNo Fabp4 expression was detected in the brains of mice, suggesting a lack of direct involvement in the central nervous system. However, Fabp4 KO mice exhibited significant changes in gene expression in the brain, with 31 genes upregulated and 30 downregulated. Downregulated genes were linked to histone methylation and metabolic processes, while upregulated ones were associated with synaptic organization.ConclusionAlthough Fabp4 is not expressed in the brain, its deficiency leads to substantial changes in gene expression, likely mediated by peripheral metabolic pathways and epigenetic regulation. These changes may explain the previously observed autism‐like behaviors and increased dendritic spine density in Fabp4 KO mice. This study sheds light on the role of systemic lipid metabolism in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and highlights epigenetic mechanisms as potential mediators of these effects.
Transdisciplinary pathways for wildlife conservation: A method for navigating socio‐ecological systems on private lands
Authors: Taylor Matthew , Davison Aidan , Harwood Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The decline of wildlife on private land is accelerating around the world. Resulting efforts to conserve wildlife on private lands are characterised by a complex socio‐ecological interplay between human practices and wildlife.

Central to these socio‐ecological dynamics is the contradiction between fixed property boundaries and the mobility of wildlife, necessitating conservation strategies that transcend individual land parcels.

Relevant human practices include land uses such as agriculture, forestry and housing, but also underlying economic, political and cultural relationships involved in private property in land.

We focus here on private land in capitalist market societies. We argue that addressing the social‐ecological complexity involved in wildlife conservation in the context of land ownership in market societies requires new strategies that, more effectively than existing approaches, foster collaboration across private boundaries at an ecologically relevant landscape scale.

While transdisciplinary strategies have had some application in private land conservation, there is opportunity to extend and mainstream these approaches by integrating social science insights into private property relations with innovations in citizen science and community conservation.

We argue that most wildlife conservation initiatives are yet to take full advantage of opportunities provided by the social contract underlying private land for landscape‐scale landholder collaboration.

Drawing on participatory conservation projects pioneered in Tasmania, Australia, we describe ‘transdisciplinary pathways’: a methodology for navigating the social‐ecological complexities of seemingly intractable wildlife conservation problems, by integrating theoretical and applied science with local ecological knowledge.

This transdisciplinary knowledge integration is grounded in relationship building between researchers, conservation professionals and neighbourhood clusters of landowners. The resulting cohesive and adaptive networks of actors create pathways for wildlife conservation that are specific to local contexts while contributing to broader scientific and social learning.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Study on mechanical properties and microstructure of CFRTP cutting fluid assisted stir friction welding joints
Authors: Li Wenjun , Guan Kainan , Yang Chunguang , Zeng Xianghao , Sun Yibo , Hao Huihui , Yang Xinhua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe bonding technology of carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics has attracted much attention in industrial fields such as airfoils and car bodies. Cutting fluid‐assisted stir friction welding is a potential method for reducing machining defects and enhancing the tensile properties of welds. In this paper, cutting fluid‐assisted friction stir welding is implemented to bond carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetherimide (CF‐PEI) plates. The welds are evaluated by surface morphology, area calculation of the OM image, SEM of the fracture, carbon fiber state, and tensile analysis. From the weld surface morphology and OM images, the weld surface quality is improved, the material loss is reduced, and the weld bonding area is increased by cutting fluid assistance, which provides an environment for the movement of carbon fibers. The microanalysis results show that cutting fluid assistance helps in the interweaving of carbon fibers, and the process parameters affect the interweaving behavior of carbon fibers. The fusion interface is enhanced due to the mechanical interlocking of the carbon fibers. The maximum tensile strength reaches 32.5Mpa, equivalent to 77% of the base material, which increases by 49.4% compared with the conventional FSW.Highlights
Cutting fluid‐assisted friction stir welding technology is applied to the welding of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic.
The zones of the weld are delineated by the state of the carbon fiber and the characteristics of each zone are analyzed.
Cutting fluid assisted technology reduces weld material loss and enhances the mixing of carbon fiber and base material.
Summarize the weld enhancement mechanism by analyzing the carbon fiber microstates.
Effect of fiber thickness on damage characterization and high‐velocity impact resistance of aluminum/carbon fiber composite plate: Experiment and numerical simulation
Authors: He Chenglong , Yang Kexu , Liu Yaqing , Chen Dayong , Mao Xiang , Huang Zhixing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo explore the effect of carbon fiber (CF) backplate thickness on the ballistic performance of the Al/CF plate, the projectile impact test and numerical simulation were conducted for the damage evolution and impact resistance of the Al/CF composite plate. The penetration velocity, deformation, and failure morphologies were examined by high‐speed photography, digital image correlation (DIC), and computed tomography (CT). The results show that the effect of CF plate thickness on the mechanical support of the Al plate increases nonlinearly, and the energy absorption of the Al plate does not significantly increase when the CF plate thickness rises to a certain thickness. The fiber layer position affects the change of the fiber damage shape and the fiber damage area, the fiber damage shape changes from oval to elongated along the direction of thickness, and the fiber damage area decreases first and then increases along the direction of fiber thickness. With the fiber thickness increase, the specific energy absorption of the Al/CF composite plate decreases linearly with the areal density increase.Highlights
A numerical simulation model was consistent with the experiment was established.
The damage mode and resistance of the target plate under impact were studied.
The thickness of the CF plate increases nonlinearly to Al plate mechanical support.
The damage area and shape of the fiber layer were quantitatively analyzed.
The linear decrease of SEA of the target plate with the increase of areal density.
Investigation and numerical simulation of impact resistance in aramid composites with interfaces reinforced by carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibers
Authors: Qi Yexiong , Li Jichen , Shao Runze , Li Ting‐Ting , Xie Long , Shen Yang , Lin Jia‐Hong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe effectiveness of aramid fiber‐reinforced polymer (AFRP) composites depends on a strong adhesion at the interface connecting the fibers to the matrix, which is essential for attaining the desired high energy absorption and effective distribution of impact forces in these materials. Subpar interfacial conditions contribute to inefficient load transfer and create stress concentrations, potentially diminishing impact resistance performance and causing severe failure. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) exhibit considerable potential for reinforcing interfaces within polymeric composite systems that are fiber‐reinforced, owing to their substantial tensile strength and modulus, extensive specific surface area, and versatile properties. However, due to the stable chemical properties of aramid fibers, CNFs cannot truly serve the role of phase reinforcement, which limits their application to AFRPs. In this work, we have adsorbed carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF‐Cs) onto aramid fibers via a straightforward and efficient dip‐coating approach, increasing the friction coefficient between the fibers and thereby improving the internal friction of the woven aramid fiber reinforcement. This approach yields the CNF‐C interface and enhances the energy absorption efficiency of the composites, while preserving the impact resistance properties of the aramid fibers. The CNF‐C treatment yielded a 9.4% increase in the impact load and 12.05% increase in the toughness. This method strengthens the fiber‐matrix interface without reducing the aramid fiber's impact resistance. It offers a quick and reliable way to enhance the impact resistance of AFRP composites.Highlights
The CNF‐Cs was developed to enhance composite impact resistance.
Numerical simulation effectively analyzed the effectiveness of CNF‐Cs.
The impact load capacity of the composite materials increased by 9.4%.
The maximum deflection improved by 12.05%.
Ocular involvement in newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nazzicone Kristina , Kim Rachel , Fine Alexa , Pucchio Aidan , Wheaton Laura , Law Christine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTImportanceOcular involvement in pediatric leukemia is often under‐recognized, especially in asymptomatic cases. Prevalence estimates of childhood leukemic ophthalmopathy range from 0.32% to 71%, depending on the study design and population.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and describe the nature of ocular involvement in newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia through systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to July 2024. Studies reporting on ocular involvement at diagnosis in children aged 18 years or younger with leukemia were included. Cases of relapsed disease were excluded as were those receiving concurrent treatment. A random effects meta‐analysis using an inverse‐variance restricted maximum likelihood approach was performed for prevalence estimates.ResultsFourteen studies involving 2989 pediatric leukemia patients were included. The overall pooled prevalence of ocular involvement at diagnosis was 20.32% (95%CI = 9.88%–33.08%). The prevalence of asymptomatic ocular involvement was higher at 23.90% (95%CI = 10.27%–40.63%) compared to 14.75% (95%CI = 0.00%–45.31%) for symptomatic involvement alone. High heterogeneity (I2 = 97.7%) was observed across studies, likely driven by differences in study design and populations.InterpretationOcular involvement in newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia is more common than previously understood, particularly for asymptomatic cases. Current practices of selective ophthalmic assessment may miss a number of early‐stage ocular manifestations, emphasizing the need for all newly diagnosed patients to be screened for ophthalmic involvement at the time of diagnosis.
Sulfonated Fe‐MOF Solid Acid Catalyst for High‐Efficient Depolymerization of Polyamide 6
Authors: Liu Yang , Cao Guodong , Zhu Xuelong , Zhang Yi , Liang Chenglu , Chen Yukun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUpcycling the wasted polyamide 6 (PA6) to its monomer caprolactam via depolymerization is a promising way to build the resource cycling and alleviate the environmental pollution. High efficient catalyst for PA6 depolymerization is desirable and crucial. Herein, a sulfonated Fe‐MOF catalyst was designed and performed as solid acid catalyst for the PA6 depolymerization for the first time. Results showed that a 100% conversion of PA6 solid to water‐soluble liquid products can be achieved at temperatures of 250°C after only 1‐h reaction. LC/MS results indicated that the water‐soluble products were mainly composed of caprolactam and their oligomers. Without catalyst, nearly no water‐soluble products can be obtained at the same condition. Moreover, a high selectivity of 90% caprolactam production in the water‐soluble liquid products was achieved at 260°C, 5 h. The reaction rate constants at 240°C, 250°C, and 260°C were determined to be 0.024, 0.033, and 0.064, respectively, with a Ea value of 101.8 kJ/mol, showing positive temperature dependent relationship. The comparison of catalytic performances over sulfonated Fe‐MOFs, FeCl3·6H2O and the pristine un‐sulfonated Fe‐MOF suggested the synergistic contribution of Fe sites (Lewis acid centers) and the sulfonic acid sites to the catalytic performances.
Comparison of Three Methods in Estimating the Oral Endotracheal Tube Insertion Depth in Neonates: Nasal Septum–Tragus Length, Weight, or Gestation? A Randomized Trial
Authors: Akkaya Aykut , Ilhan Ozkan , Kocaoglu Ipek , Hakan Nilay 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study compared the performances of nasal septum–tragus length (NTL)‐based formula, body weight‐based formula, and gestational age (GA)‐based table in estimating the depth of oral endotracheal tube (ETT) insertion in neonates.MethodsNeonates undergoing oral endotracheal intubation were recruited in this study. The depths of orotracheal tubes were estimated using NTL‐based formula (NTL + 1 cm for neonates weighing < 2500 g and NTL + 0.5 cm for neonates weighing ≥ 2500 g), body weight‐based formula (Duke formula for neonates weighing < 1000 g and “weight in kilograms + 6 cm” for neonates weighing ≥ 1000 g), and GA‐based table. The neonates were also divided into subgroups according to their corrected GA (< 37 and ≥ 37 weeks) and body weight (< 2500 and ≥ 2500 g). The proper position of ETT tip placement was considered to be between the upper border of T1 and the lower border of T2 on a chest radiograph.ResultsIn this study, 102 neonates (GA of 22–41 weeks) were included. The rates of proper ETT placement were not significantly different between the NTL (48.6%), weight (44.1%), and GA (45.4%) methods. The rate of proper ETT tip placement was the highest in the NTL group. The correlation between the estimated ETT depth and the optimal ETT depth was the strongest in the NTL group for all patients and subgroups. This positive correlation was significant only in the NTL group for neonates weighing ≥ 2500 g (r = 0.646 and p = 0.009) and those with a corrected GA of ≥ 37 weeks (r = 0.757 and p = 0.011).ConclusionThe NTL formula (NTL + 1 cm for neonates weighing < 2500 g and NTL + 0.5 cm for neonates weighing ≥ 2500 g) may be more reliable for estimating ETT depth in neonates.