bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Changes in Cows with or without Retained Fetal Membranes in Transition Period
Authors: Seifi H. A. , Dalir‐Naghadeh B. , Farzaneh N. , Mohri M. , Gorji‐Dooz M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of retained fetal membranes (RFM) on serum minerals and energy‐ and protein‐related metabolites in dairy cows at a herd with a recent history of fatty liver syndrome. Forty‐seven multiparous Holstein cows were selected during transition period. Nine cows had RFM longer than 24 h after calving. Blood samples were obtained on prepartum days 21 and 7 and postpartum days 7 and 21. We used repeated measure procedure of anova to evaluate the effect of RFM on serum metabolites. Cows with RFM had significantly higher concentrations of β‐hydroxybutyrate, non‐esterified fatty acids and triglycerides after calving, but had lower concentrations of cholesterol during transition period. The concentrations of serum albumin and blood urea nitrogen were also significantly lower in RFM‐affected cows than non‐affected ones after parturition. Our results suggested that negative energy balance (NEB) postpartum was associated with RFM in dairy cattle. However, our findings did not reveal a cause and effect relationship with respect to the role of NEB as a possible risk factor for RFM.
The Influence of Folic Acid, Vitamins B2 and B6 Supplementation on Feed Intake, Body and Organs Weight, and Liver Fatty Acids Composition of Rats Subjected to 3 months Moderate Protein Deprivation
Authors: Debski B. , Bertrandt J. , Klos A. , Gralak M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThis study was conducted to determine the effect of a 3‐month dietary protein restriction – protein provided 9% of energy (20% in control group). In this dietary restriction folic acid, vitamins B2 and B6 were delivered in amount three times above the standard level. It was observed that animals fed a protein restricted (PR) diet weighed about 5% less than animals consuming adequate diet, but the difference was not statistically significant. Enrichment of PR diet with vitamin B or folic acid caused tendency to further suppression of weight gain, and in case of vitamin B6 these differences were statistically significant. However, such body weight (BW) suppression was not observed when all studied vitamins were used together. Significant reductions in relative liver weight (vitamin B2 addition), the heart (folic acid) and the lungs (vitamin B6) were observed. The PR diet, when all vitamins were added together, caused a decrease in weights of the lungs, heart and liver scaled to BW of rats, simultaneously with a significant increase in testis weight. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were higher in animals given PR diet without a significant influence of vitamin supplementation (except vitamin B6 causing further increase in feed conversion ratio). Hepatic fatty acids composition of rats was not affected by protein restriction, as well as by single vitamin supplementation. However, dietary supplementation of all examined vitamins together caused a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids followed by an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids participation in total fatty acids pool. It seems that enrichment of PR diet with a mixture of folic acid, vitamins B2 and B6 resulted in a partial reverse of growth suppression and reduction in testis size in rats.
Influence of Oral Application of Mycophenolic Acid on the Clinical Health Status of Sheep
Authors: Mohr A. I. , Lorenz I. , Baum B. , Hewicker‐Trautwein M. , Pfaffl M. , Džidić A. , Meyer H. H. D. , Bauer J. , Meyer K. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryMycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive metabolite of various fungi, especially of Penicillium roqueforti, and can be found in considerable amounts in mouldy silage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of MPA on sheep. Thirty‐six castrated male sheep aged 7 ± 1 months were randomly divided into four groups of nine sheep. Different dosages of MPA were administered orally to all groups (group 1/2/3/4: 0/10/70/300 mg MPA/animal daily) for a period of 44 days. Throughout the trial, the sheep were examined daily. Jugular vein blood was taken twice weekly to analyse haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant influence was observed on the number of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leucocytes (including differentiation), packed cell volume, haemoglobin‐, glucose‐ and bilirubin‐concentration, activity of alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Even an oral application of up to 300 mg MPA/animal daily, which is equivalent to 5.4 mg/kg body weight, did not affect the sheep's general state of health and weight gain significantly. Mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide were analysed in plasma samples of groups treatments from day 1 on with mean concentrations up to 0.29 ± 0.13 μg/ml (MPA) and 11.0 ± 2.9 μg/ml (MPA glucuronide) respectively (group 4). There were no indications for a ruminal reduction of MPA. The postmortem dissection revealed minor alterations in lung, spleen, liver and kidneys, unrelated to the MPA dosage. The results of the study indicate that MPA concentrations occurring naturally in silage have no obvious impact on sheep health.
Physiological and behavioral responses of Bathynerita naticoidea (Gastropoda: Neritidae) and Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) to hypersaline conditions at a brine pool cold seep
Authors: Van Gaest Ahna L. , Young Craig M. , Young John J. , Helms Alicia R. , Arellano Shawn M. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract Bathynerita naticoidea (Gastropoda: Neritidae) and Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) are two of the most abundant invertebrates associated with cold‐seep mussel beds in the Gulf of Mexico. At the methane seep known as Brine Pool NR‐1 (27 °43.415 N, 91 °16.756 W; 650 m depth), which is surrounded by a broad band of mussels (Bathymodiolus childressi), these species have distinctly different patterns of abundance, with the gastropod being found mostly at the outer edge of the mussel bed (average density in November 2003: 817 individuals·m−2 in outer zone, 20·m−2 in inner zone) and the polychaete being found almost exclusively near the inner edge (average density in November 2003: 3155 individuals·m−2 in inner zone, 0·m−2 in outer zone), adjacent to the brine pool itself. The salinity of the brine pool exceeds 120, so we hypothesized that M. dendrobranchiata should be more tolerant of high salinities than B. naticoidea. The opposite proved to be true. The gastropods were capable of withstanding salinities at least as high as 85, whereas the polychaetes died at salinities higher than 75. Both species were osmoconformers over the range of salinities (35–75) tested. Behavioral responses of B. naticoidea to salinities of 50, 60, and 70 were investigated in inverted vertical haloclines. Gastropods generally did not enter water of salinity greater than 60, but tolerated short periods at 60. Behavioral avoidance of brine should limit the vertical distribution of B. naticoidea in the inner zone to the top 2.5–5 cm of the mussel bed. Behavior is also a likely (though unproven) mechanism for controlling horizontal distribution of this species across the mussel bed. Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata can tolerate short excursions into the brine, but probably avoids hypersaline conditions by aggregating on the tops of the mussels.
Three‐year investigations into sperm whale‐fall ecosystems in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Kawato Masaru , Yamamoto Tomoko , Yamanaka Toshiro , Sato‐Okoshi Waka , Noda Chikayo , Tsuchida Shinji , Komai Tomoyuki , Cubelio Sherine Sonia , Sasaki Takenori , Jacobsen Karen , Kubokawa Kaoru , Fujikura Katsunori , Maruyama Tadashi , Furushima Yasuo , Okoshi Kenji , Miyake Hiroshi , Miyazaki Masayuki , Nogi Yuichi , Yatabe Akiko , Okutani Takashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report the first study of sperm whale‐fall ecosystems, based on mass sinking of whale carcasses at shelf depths in the northwest Pacific. We conducted three observations over a 2‐year period on replicate sperm‐whale carcasses implanted at depths of 219–254 m off the southern part of Japan from July 2003 to August 2005. The study was made possible by a mass stranding of sperm whales in January 2002, and the subsequent sinking of 12 carcasses in the waters off Cape Nomamisaki. Dense aggregations of unique chemosynthesis‐based fauna had formed around the whale carcasses after 18 months (July 2003). The mytilid mussel Adipicola pacifica was the most abundant macrofaunal species and covered most of the exposed bone surfaces. The general composition of the fauna was similar to that of deep‐water reducing habitats, but none of the species appearing in this study has been found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps or deep‐water whale falls. A new species of lancelet, which was the first record of the subphylum Cephalochordata from reducing environments, a new species of Osedax; a rarely encountered benthic ctenophore, and a rare gastropod species were discovered at this sperm whale‐fall site. Benthic communities were similar across all the carcasses studied, although the body sizes of the whales were very different. The succession of epifaunal communities was relatively rapid and the sulphophilic stage was considerably shorter than that of other known whale falls.
Diallel analysis of root‐knot nematode resistance based on galling index in upland cotton
Authors: Zhang J. F. , Waddell C. , Sengupta‐Gopalan C. , Potenza C. , Cantrell R. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe southern root‐knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood) RKN] is one of the most destructive pests in the Cotton Belt of the U.S. Developing and employing resistant cultivars is the most economical and efficient method for RKN management. This greenhouse investigation was conducted to understand the quantitative genetic basis of RKN resistance in the major RKN resistance sources using a nine‐parent diallel analysis based on improved RKN evaluation techniques. The selected genotypes consisted of three ‘Aubrun 623 RNR’ (here RNR = Root‐knot Nematode Resistance)‐derived resistant lines, one moderately resistant cultivar ‘Acala Nem‐X’, and five susceptible cultivars. Comparison between F1 and their parents in galling index revealed that the RKN resistance is partially dominant. The general combining ability was more important than the specific combining ability for RKN resistance. The estimates for broad‐sense and narrow‐sense heritabilities on galling index were 0.82 and 0.65, respectively, indicating that RKN resistance in the Auburn and Nem‐X resistance sources is largely controlled by genetic and additive effects. The minimum number of genes for RKN resistance was estimated to be two. Therefore, under reliable and uniform RKN inoculation and infestation conditions, single plant selection should be efficient in transferring Auburn RKN resistance into elite genetic backgrounds.
Heterosis in yield, endotoxin expression and some physiological parameters in Bt transgenic cotton
Authors: Dong H. Z. , Li W. J. , Tang W. , Li Z. H. , Zhang D. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough heterosis in cotton has been studied for many decades, very little is known about the performance of hybrids derived from Bt transgenic cotton parents. In order to known better the heterosis performance, yield and endotoxin expression in 20 hybrids (F1) and their Bt transgenic parents were examined from 2002 to 2003 (Experiment 1), and the dynamics of source, sink and their ratios in a well‐performing hybrid H01 were investigated in 2004 and 2005 (Experiment 2). Results in Experiment 1 showed an average mid‐parent heterosis of 21.3% and an over check heterosis of 7.6% in lint yield. Considerable heterosis was also detected in boll numbers, boll size and Bt protein content. Of the 20 hybrids, H01 (K0215 × K643) exhibited the greatest heterosis in yield and Bt protein content in 2002 and 2003, while lint yields of H01 were increased 12.6% and 9.1% in 2004, and 11.7% and 8.9% in 2005, compared with K0215 and K643 in Experiment 2, respectively. Significant heterosis for dry matter accumulation and dry matter allocation to reproductive organs and ratio of fruiting forms/total plant (w/w) were also detected in H01. Sources (leaf area, leaf area index, leaf dry weight per plant and diurnal performance of photosynthesis), sinks (number of fruiting nodes, fruiting forms and dry weight of fruiting forms per plant) and the flow from source to sink were significantly enhanced in H01 relative to its parents. Both total N and Bt protein in H01 were higher than those in its parents. Significant correlation was also found between total N and Bt protein in the main‐stem leaves (R2 = 0.877**). It is concluded that there existed considerable heterosis in yield, yield components and endotoxin expression in some Bt transgenic hybrids. Yield advantage of hybrid cotton (F1) over parents can be attributed to improved source, sink and flow, while the enforced expression of Bt genes in hybrid cotton appeared to be due to the enhanced nitrogen level in plants.
Cytogenetics of a new trispecies hybrid in cotton: [(Gossypium hirsutum L. × G. thurberi Tod.)2 × G. longicalyx Hutch. & Lee]
Authors: Konan O. N. , D'Hont A. , Baudoin J.‐P. , Mergeai G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA three‐species hybrid named HTL including Gossypium hirsutum L. [2n = 4 x = 52, (AD)1 genome] was created using the pseudophyletic introgression method with G. longicalyx Hutch. & Lee (2n = 2x = 26, F1 genome) as donor parent and G. thurberi Tod. (2n = 2x = 26, D1 genome) as bridge species. The new hybrid was totally self‐sterile and its interspecific status was confirmed using simple sequence repeat markers and cytogenetic analysis. Cytogenetic studies showed that its chromosome configuration was 2n = 52 = 14.13 I + 15.10 II + 1.03 III + 0.9 IV + 0.03 V + 0.13 VI (where I, II, III, IV, V and VI are univalents, bivalents, trivalents, tetravalents, pentavalents and hexavalents, respectively). Prospects for successfully exploiting the HTL hybrid in breeding programmes are discussed.
Short‐term outcomes of infants of substance‐using mothers admitted to neonatal intensive care units in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory
Authors: Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E , Bajuk Barbara , Lui Kei , Oei Julee ,   the NSW on ACT Neonatal Intensive Care Units’ Study (NICUS) Group
Published: February 2007

Aim:  Illicit substance use during pregnancy is associated with an increased rate of perinatal complications. Our study examines if outcome of infants of substance‐using mothers (ISMs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting is similar to unexposed infants (controls).Methods:  A prospective state‐wide NICU study comparing ISMs to control infants admitted to 10 NICUs during a 3‐years period (2001–2003). An ISM was defined as an infant whose mother admitted to or was documented to have used substances of dependency (illicit or otherwise) during this pregnancy.Results:  There was a preponderance towards prematurity with ISMs comprising 5.1% (n = 310) of 6120 high risk infants (6.2% (n = 165) <32 weeks gestation and 6.8% (n = 39) of 22–26 weeks gestation). More ISMs were outborn and had significantly lower mortality rate, particularly in the <32 week gestation subgroup (adjusted OR 0.517 95% CI 0.277–0.962, P < 0.037). ISMs also demonstrated a non‐significant trend towards an increased risk of neonatal morbidities. The pattern of rural and urban substance use was different, with a higher incidence of opiate use (49.3% vs. 26.9%, P < 0.001) in urban areas. Most opiate using mothers (85.6%), irrespective of rural or urban residence, were enrolled in methadone programmes. ISMs had a higher incidence of antepartum haemorrhage and chorioamnionitis and fewer were given antenatal steroids.Conclusion:  ISMs are common in the high‐risk NICU population. Further studies are needed to confirm the lower mortality rate and long‐term outcomes in these infants.
Population‐based study of paediatric head injury
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Cameron Peter , Butt Warwick 
Published: February 2007

Aim:  There is a paucity of population‐based studies regarding the spectrum of paediatric head injury from mild through serious to fatal paediatric head injury. The aims of the present study were to determine the incidence, demographics and outcome of significant head injury in a state‐wide population of children aged 0–15 years. A secondary aim was to determine if any serious head injuries were being missed under the current management protocols of the state‐wide trauma system.Methods:  A retrospective review of significant head injury in all paediatric patients over a period of 2 years was undertaken. Data were collected from the Victorian State Trauma Outcome Registry and Monitoring database, the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset and from the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine.Results:  The incidence of paediatric head injury in Victoria over the 2‐year period was 765 per 100 000 per year. The incidence of admitted head injuries was 75 per 100 000 per year and the incidence of significant head injury was seven per 100 000 or 151 children. Forty‐one per cent of these injuries required surgical intervention. Mortality was 1.6 children per 100 000. All patients who died presented with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 3 and had multiple other risk factors. There were no deaths in patients discharged from hospital. Demographic and clinical factors associated with higher mortality and morbidity was determined.Conclusion:  The incidence of significant paediatric head injury was low. Deaths occurred early and were always associated with significant early clinical features of severe head injury. This highlights the importance of strategies for the prevention of head injuries. There appeared to be no serious head injuries missed during the study period.
Trends in use and outcome of newborn infants treated with high frequency ventilation in Australia and New Zealand, 1996–2003
Authors: Tingay David G , Mills John F , Morley Colin J , Pellicano Anastasia , Dargaville Peter A ,   Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network
Published: February 2007

Aim:  To examine the use of high frequency ventilation (HFV) to treat newborn infants in Australia and New Zealand and the associated complications and outcomes.Methods:  Data for all infants receiving HFV were collected from the 28 neonatal intensive care units contributing to the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network database between 1996 and 2003, inclusive. For comparison, the same data were gathered on all infants who received conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure.Results:  HFV was used to treat 3270 infants (10.1% of all ventilated infants) between 1996 and 2003; uptake doubled during this period from 5.9% to 12.6% of ventilated infants per year. HFV was most frequently applied in the context of extreme prematurity (29.9% of ventilated infants <26 weeks gestation). HFV is being increasingly used to treat complex diseases such as meconium aspiration syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (12.2% and 10.6% in 1996 to 25.2% and 48.4% in 2003, respectively, χ2‐test for trend, P < 0.001). Infants receiving HFV spent longer on respiratory support than infants treated with CMV (median 21 days compared with 7 days, Mann–Whitney test P < 0.001) and required a higher initial FiO2 (median 0.8 compared to 0.5, Mann–Whitney test, P < 0.001). The use of HFV was associated with a higher mortality than CMV and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (39.7%, 10.1% and 0.4%, χ2‐test, P < 0.001). The incidence of death and intraventricular haemorrhage decreased over time in the HFV group (χ2‐test for trend, P < 0.001 and P = 0.02 respectively).Conclusion:  HFV is an established mode of neonatal ventilation in Australia and New Zealand. HFV is being applied to infants at the greatest risk of serious adverse outcomes, most likely as a rescue therapy.
Nocturnal enuresis: Application of evidence‐based medicine in community practice
Authors: Cutting David A , Pallant Julie F , Cutting Felicity M 
Published: February 2007

Aim:  To report the outcomes and follow‐up at 2 years of children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) managed in a private paediatric community practice utilising body‐worn alarms and supportive programmes.Methods:  522 consecutive children presenting with MNE were assessed and managed with a comprehensive supportive programme and body‐worn alarm. Data were recorded prospectively and outcomes assessed at 6 and 24 months.Results:  505 proceeded with management. A total of 79.0% achieved initial dryness within a median of 10 weeks. Of those achieving initial dryness 73.0% had remained dry at 6‐month follow‐up and 64% had remained dry at 24 months. A total of 99.2% follow‐up was achieved. Nineteen per cent of children required more than 16 weeks management with 56% achieving dryness. More girls achieved dryness than boys and in a shorter time. There was no gender difference in relapse rates at 6 and 24 months. No difference in achieving initial success was found with respect to initial severity of wetting, nor age. Relapse rates were unrelated to gender, age, or initial severity.Conclusion:  MNE can be successfully managed using body‐worn alarms achieving good initial and long‐term complete dryness, without the need for expensive pharmacologic intervention. A strong supportive programme can make the management less arduous for child and family.
Determining causes of mortality in children enrolled in a vaccine field trial in a rural area in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Moyo Sizulu , Hawkridge Tony , Mahomed Hassan , Workman Leslie , Minnies Deon , Geiter Lawrence J , Verver Suzanne , Kibel Maurice , Hussey Gregory D 
Published: February 2007

Aim:  A mortality surveillance system was developed to identify and document causes of death among children enrolled in a tuberculosis vaccine field trial in South Africa. The aims of this study were to describe causes of mortality in children enrolled in a phase IV trial comparing intradermal with percutaneous administration of Bacille Calmette Guerin, and to compare causes of mortality recorded on death certificates with those obtained by clinical record review combined with verbal autopsies (CR/VA).Methods:  For children who died, certified causes of death were compared with those determined by CR/VA.Results:  Among 11 677 children enrolled, 177 deaths were notified over 4 years. The incidence rate of death was 6.8/1000 person‐years. Follow‐up time ranged from 0.03 to 35.3 months (median 4 months; interquartile range 1.4–8.5). The infant mortality rate was 12.5/1000 live births and the neonatal mortality was 3/1000 live births. Pneumonia, gastroenteritis and septicaemia were among top causes of mortality by both methods. ‘Sudden unexplained’ and ‘ill‐defined’ causes were among top causes of mortality based on CR/VA, while tuberculosis and ‘natural causes’ were among top causes based on death certificates. Important underlying causes of mortality by CR/VA include HIV/AIDS, prematurity/low birth weight and malnutrition. In 47% of deaths there was agreement on immediate causes of death. This increased to 54% when ‘natural causes’ and ‘sudden unexplained deaths’ were included.Conclusion:  In this cohort mortality was largely due to infectious diseases. While CR/VA provided additional information on most deaths, this was not always sufficient to assign specific causes of death.