bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of concomitant traumatic brain injury and ocular trauma in US service members
Authors: Gu Weidong , Groves Lucas L , McClellan Scott F 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundConcomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ocular trauma (OT) are caused by the same physical mechanisms, which may complicate therapeutic intervention if screening and evaluation of each condition are not promptly initiated. The aim of this study is to identify concomitant TBI in OT patients and characterize the pattern of those injured service members (SMs) in non-combat environments to assist in the early detection and treatment of both TBI and OT.MethodsEncounters matching the case definitions of TBI and OT for injured SMs were extracted from the Military Health System. Concomitant TBI and OT was identified as patients who were diagnosed with both medical conditions within 30 days. Incidence rates of concomitance were analyzed using a Poisson regression model. The odds of mechanisms and types of OT with concomitant TBI were analyzed using logistic regression models.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2021, there were 71 689 SMs diagnosed with TBI, and 69 358 patients diagnosed with OT. There were 3251 concomitant cases identified. The overall concomitance rate in OT patients was 4.7%. Clinical presentations of concomitant OT had a higher rate of complications. Blast, transport accidents, assaults, alcohol, falls, and sports-related injuries (in decreasing order) were significantly associated with concomitance rates. Compared with closed globe injuries, OT with orbital fractures, rupture, laceration, adnexal periocular injury, and penetrating injury had higher risks of concomitant TBI. For patients with orbital fractures, nearly half (44.1%) sustained a concomitant TBI.ConclusionsA practical approach using temporal proximity of diagnostic data was developed to identify concomitant cases of TBI and OT which presented with more severe injury types than non-concomitant cases. These results indicate OT patients with orbital or open globe injuries sustained from high-impact mechanisms warrant further TBI screening to prompt early detection and treatment.Level of evidenceIV.
On the canonical equivalence between Jordan and Einstein frames
Authors: Gionti Gabriele , Galaverni Matteo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA longstanding issue is the classical equivalence between the Jordan and the Einstein frames, which is considered just a field redefinition of the metric tensor and the scalar field. In this work, based on the previous result that the Hamiltonian transformations from the Jordan to the Einstein frame are not canonical on the extended phase space, we study the possibility of the existence of canonical transformations. We show that on the reduced phase space – defined by suitable gauge fixing of the lapse and shifts functions – these transformations are Hamiltonian canonical. Poisson brackets are replaced by Dirac’s brackets following the Bergman-Dirac’s procedure. The Hamiltonian canonical transformations map solutions of the equations of motion in the Jordan frame into solutions of the equations of motion in the Einstein frame.
Application of hyperspectral imaging for characterization of VOC-induced historical glass corrosion
Authors: Sharma Deepshikha , Schmidt-Ott Katharina , Rothenhäusler Ulrike , George Sony , Joseph Edith , Lombardo Tiziana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) provides high-resolution recording of the spectral information at every spatial point (pixel) of an object throughout a contiguous range of wavelengths. This paper reports an attempt at exploring the application of HSI in transmittance mode for the identification and quantification of corrosion in transparent historical glass, which is difficult to identify by visual inspection. This was done using model glass samples mimicking historical composition and subjected to artificial ageing in the presence of volatile organic compounds. Hyperspectral images of unaged and aged glass samples were recorded with two cameras covering visible and near infrared (VNIR, 400–1000 nm) and short-wave infrared range (SWIR, 1000–2500 nm) using a custom-made HSI set-up in transmission mode. The HSI data were further processed to classify and visualize corrosion in different ageing environments and ageing periods. The results show that HSI can be employed as a valuable tool to assess glass corrosion at early stages, especially by analysing the SWIR spectral region—which shows the water absorption by the glass matrix due to corrosion.
Carbon Inverse Opal Macroporous Monolithic Structures as Electrodes for Na-ion and K-ion Batteries
Authors: Carroll Aoife , Grant Alex , Zhang Yan , Gulzar Umair , Ahad Syed Abdul , Geaney Hugh , O’Dwyer Colm 
Published: March 2024

Highly ordered three-dimensionally structured carbon inverse opals (IOs) produced from sucrose are stable electrodes in sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries. The walls of the ordered porous carbon structure contain short-range graphitic areas. The interconnected open-worked structure defines a conductive macroporous monolithic electrode that is easily wetted by electrolytes for Na-ion and K-ion systems. Electrochemical characterization in half-cells against Na metal electrodes reveals stable discharge capacities of 25 mAh g−1 at 35 mA g−1 and 40 mAh g−1 at 75 mA g−1 and 185 mA g−1. In K-ion half cells, the carbon IO delivers capacities of 32 mAh g−1 at 35 mA g−1 and ∼25 mAh g−1 at 75 mA g−1 and 185 mA g−1. The IOs demonstrate storage mechanisms involving both capacitive and diffusion-controlled processes. Comparison with non-templated carbon thin films highlights the superior capacity retention (72% for IO vs 58% for thin film) and cycling stability of the IO structure in Na-ion cells. Robust structural integrity against volume changes with larger ionic radius of potassium ions is maintained after 250 cycles in K-ion cells. The carbon IOs exhibit stable coulombic efficiency (>99%) in sodium-ion batteries and better coulombic efficiency during cycling compared to typical graphitic carbons.
Translational Frontiers and Clinical Opportunities of Immunologically Fitted Radiotherapy
Authors: Morel Daphné , Robert Charlotte , Paragios Nikos , Grégoire Vincent , Deutsch Eric 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ionizing radiation can have a wide range of impacts on tumor–immune interactions, which are being studied with the greatest interest and at an accelerating pace by the medical community. Despite its undeniable immunostimulatory potential, it clearly appears that radiotherapy as it is prescribed and delivered nowadays often alters the host's immunity toward a suboptimal state. This may impair the full recovery of a sustained and efficient antitumor immunosurveillance posttreatment. An emerging concept is arising from this awareness and consists of reconsidering the way of designing radiation treatment planning, notably by taking into account the individualized risks of deleterious radio-induced immune alteration that can be deciphered from the planned beam trajectory through lymphocyte-rich organs. In this review, we critically appraise key aspects to consider while planning immunologically fitted radiotherapy, including the challenges linked to the identification of new dose constraints to immune-rich structures. We also discuss how pharmacologic immunomodulation could be advantageously used in combination with radiotherapy to compensate for the radio-induced loss, for example, with (i) agonists of interleukin (IL)2, IL4, IL7, IL9, IL15, or IL21, similarly to G-CSF being used for the prophylaxis of severe chemo-induced neutropenia, or with (ii) myeloid-derived suppressive cell blockers.
Identification of Nonfunctional Alternatively Spliced Isoforms of STING in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Boda Akash R. , Liu Arthur J. , Castro-Pando Susana , Whitfield Benjamin T. , Molldrem Jeffrey J. , Al-Atrash Gheath , Di Francesco Maria Emilia , Jones Philip , Ager Casey R. , Curran Michael A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Lack of robust activation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway and subsequent induction of type I IFN responses is considered a barrier to antitumor immunity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using common human AML cell lines as in vitro tools to evaluate the efficacy of novel STING agonists, we found most AML lines to be poor producers of IFNs upon exposure to extremely potent agonists, suggesting cell-intrinsic suppression of STING signaling may occur. We observed unexpected patterns of response that did not correlate with levels of STING pathway components or of known enzymes associated with resistance. To identify a genetic basis for these observations, we cloned and sequenced STING from the cDNA of human AML cell lines and found both frequent mutations and deviations from normal RNA splicing. We identified two novel spliced isoforms of STING in these lines and validated their expression in primary human AML samples. When transduced into reporter cells, these novel STING isoforms exhibited complete insensitivity to agonist stimulation. These observations identify alternative splicing as a mechanism of STING pathway suppression and suggest that most AML silences the STING pathway through direct modification rather than through engagement of external inhibitory factors.

Significance:
We find that AML acquires resistance to innate immune activation via the STING pathway through aberrant splicing of the STING transcript including two novel forms described herein that act as dominant negatives. These data broaden understanding of how cancers evolve STING resistance, and suggest that the AML tumor microenvironment, not the cancer cell, should be the target of therapeutic interventions to activate STING.
Evaluating Transport Strategies and Local Hospital Impact on Stroke Outcomes: A RACECAT Trial Substudy
Authors: Olive‐Gadea Marta , Rodrigo‐Gisbert Marc , Garcia‐Tornel Alvaro , Rudilosso Salvatore , Rodríguez Alejandro , Doncel‐Moriano Antonio , Werner Mariano Facundo , Renú Arturo , Muchada Marian , Requena Manuel , Rizzo Federica , de la Ossa Natalia Pérez , Abilleira Sònia , Ribo Marc , Urra Xabier ,   the RACECAT Trial Investigators
Published: March 2024

Background
The optimal strategy for transferring patients to specialized acute stroke care remains controversial. This substudy of the Effect of Direct Transportation to Thrombectomy‐Capable Center vs Local Stroke Center on Neurological Outcomes in Patients with suspected Large‐Vessel Occlusion Stroke in Nonurban Areas (RACECAT) trial aims to investigate the impact of local hospital characteristics and performance on the optimal transport strategy and stroke outcomes.

Methods
This was a secondary post hoc analysis of the RACECAT trial, evaluating factors potentially associated with functional outcomes among patients initially evaluated at a local stroke center (Local‐SC) versus a thrombectomy‐capable center. The primary outcome was the shift in the 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score in the target population of the RACECAT trial. Door‐to‐needle time, level of care of the Local‐SC (telestroke versus primary stroke center), the specialty of the physician involved with therapeutic decisions, and Local‐SC case volume were assessed for subgroup analyses.

Results

Of the 1367 patients included in the analysis, 903 had acute ischemic strokes (modified intention to treat). The 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score was associated with door‐to‐needle time in the entire modified intention‐to‐treat cohort (
P
= 0.026) and in patients initially evaluated in a Local‐SC (
P
= 0.063), and with local hospital level of care (telestroke versus primary stroke center;
P
= 0.10). There was a trend favoring direct transport to thrombectomy‐capable center for patients whose assigned Local‐SC was a telestroke center (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.47 [95% CI, 0.93–2.33] versus 0.94 [95% CI, 0.71–1.24];
P
interaction
= 0.08) or had door‐to‐needle time over the global median (adjusted OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 0.97–2.40] versus 0.94 [95% CI, 0.71–1.25];
P
interaction
= 0.06). In patients with confirmed large‐vessel occlusion, the benefit of direct transport to thrombectomy‐capable centers when the Local‐SC was a telestroke center (
P
interaction
= 0.04) or had longer door‐to‐needle time (
P
interaction
= 0.07) was more evident.

Conclusions
Direct transport to thrombectomy‐capable centers may be preferable in areas primarily covered by telestroke or Local‐SCs with poorer performance, especially in patients with large‐vessel occlusion. These findings can contribute to refining prehospital triage strategies and optimizing stroke systems of care.
Justice and the Atonement: a Public Theology to Confront Police Brutality in America
Authors: Coulter Matt R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article proposes a public theology of justice in light of police brutality and broad injustice in American policing. That public theology is created through rediscovering the socially and politically transformative nature of the atonement to build a foundation for understanding justice as a proactive, communal, and transformative force. By diagnosing the sickness via historical context and engaging with a plurality of voices, the result is an holistic approach within a framework that catalyzes the conversation forward toward transformative justice.
Aflatoxins in the nut chains: strategies to reduce their impact on consumer’s health and economic losses
Authors: Chulze S.N. , Alaniz Zanon M.S. , Taniwaki M.H. , Tsitsigiannis D. , Olsen M. , Ortega Beltran A. , Herrera M. , Vargas E. , Logrieco A. , Battilani P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The presence of Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins (AFs) in nut chains are of great concern due to the toxic effects of AFs on human and animal health as well as the economic losses during commercialisation. Extreme events related to climate change like increased temperature, severe rainfalls and droughts are modulating factors of fungal growth and mycotoxin production. The Expert Working Group (EWG) on nuts that worked under the frame of the Horizon 2020 Mycokey Project prepared this review based on discussions about the situation of contamination with AFs in nuts and the available strategies to reduce the impact of these toxins in the nut chains. The EWG selected as examples peanuts, pistachios and Brazil nuts, and discussed in the review the importance of nut value chains in the production, commercialisation and regulations that establish maximum levels for AFs. Also data on the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) was considered and showed several notifications for mycotoxins, mainly AFs for nuts and nut products, such as pistachio nuts and dried mix nuts. Under a scenario of climate change, we elaborated strategies to prevent AFs contamination with emphasis on biocontrol and decision support systems. Also, the relevance of strategies to prevent and reduce both fungal infection and AFs accumulation in peanuts, Brazil nuts and pistachio are included as guidelines.
Migrant Activists and Cultural Spaces of Anticolonialism in Weimar Berlin
Authors: Petersson Fredrik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Weimar Berlin was an anticolonial metropolis in the interwar period. After the ending of the Great War in 1918, Berlin developed into a hotbed of political activism, culminating in 1933 with the Nazi Party’s ascendancy to power, having migrants from the colonial and semi-colonial world arriving, living and working in the city. In this spatial and temporal setting established individuals, holding different national and cultural backgrounds, networks that overlapped with the political milieu of pacifism, socialism and communism in Germany. In some cases this resulted in anticolonial articulations that explicitly fused politics with culture. By mapping and locating these anticolonial articulations in Weimar Berlin, drawing inspiration from theoretical concepts on space and place, the essay analyze the spatial setting of anticolonial politics and culture, and how this constituted an articulated resistance against colonialism and imperialism, performed at theaters, in film, music, or curricular activities. The essay is based on archival research conducted in Berlin, Moscow and Stockholm.
UK Withdrawal From the echr (‘BrECHRit’): From Taboo to Tenable?
Authors: Bates Ed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the 1990s it was almost a taboo for senior United Kingdom (UK) politicians to criticise the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR); however, it has now become commonplace, especially since 2012. There has been more and more criticism of the ECtHR by certain Conservative politicians, the talk including regular references to the possibility that the UK could withdraw from the European Convention on Human Rights (echr). Increasingly UK withdrawal (‘BrECHRit’) has been presented as a credible position – a tenable, not taboo option. This article charts this trend and provides a critical analysis of the same, contextualised to the various legal developments occurring in parallel with it. It sets out what is referred to as the ‘closed’/‘inward-looking’ approach adopted to the echr by UK Conservative politicians since 2012, and points out that this has roots going back to at least the 1990s.
Innovation Energy as a Stimulus for Converting Employees’ Innovation Properties into IWB, Yielding Result Drive, Flow and Stamina
Authors: van Essen Henk Jan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The article centres on a study, extending from two preceding case studies, with a specific focus on exploring the converting role of innovation energy in the realm of innovative work behaviour (IWB). The findings underscore the pivotal role of innovation energy in converting the individual innovation properties—creativity, psychological empowerment and optimism—into IWB. It also underscores the significance of organisational attention to these individual properties, along with four additional working mechanisms—autonomy in work design, innovative teamwork, supportive leadership and external contacts—all of which impact the converting process. Insights gleaned from this case study show that innovation energy plays a crucial role in the overall IWB process. Through a careful examination of the interplay between the construct of innovation energy and five associated mechanisms, the article offers an understanding of the IWB process as observed through the lens of engaged employees actively demonstrating IWB.
Improvement in Forecasting Short-Term Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change and Their Rapid Intensification Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hwan , Ham Yoo-Geun , Kim Daehyun , Li Tim , Ma Chen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Forecasting the intensity of a tropical cyclone (TC) remains challenging, particularly when it undergoes rapid changes in intensity. This study aims to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for 24-h forecasts of the TC intensity changes and their rapid intensifications over the western Pacific. The CNN model, the DeepTC, is trained using a unique loss function, an amplitude focal loss, to better capture large intensity changes, such as those during rapid intensification (RI) events. We showed that the DeepTC outperforms operational forecasts, with a lower mean absolute error (8.9%–10.2%) and a higher coefficient of determination (31.7%–35%). In addition, the DeepTC exhibits a substantially better skill at capturing RI events than operational forecasts. To understand the superior performance of the DeepTC in RI forecasts, we conduct an occlusion sensitivity analysis to quantify the relative importance of each predictor. Results revealed that scalar quantities such as latitude, previous intensity change, initial intensity, and vertical wind shear play critical roles in successful RI prediction. Additionally, the DeepTC utilizes the three-dimensional distribution of relative humidity to distinguish RI cases from non-RI cases, with higher dry–moist moisture gradients in the mid-to-low troposphere and steeper radial moisture gradients in the upper troposphere showed during RI events. These relationships between the identified key variables and intensity change were successfully simulated by the DeepTC, implying that the relationship is physically reasonable. Our study demonstrates that the DeepTC can be a powerful tool for improving RI understanding and enhancing the reliability of TC intensity forecasts.
The challenge of diagnosing cultural syndromes: A narrative review
Authors: Santambrogio Jacopo , Ciscato Veronica , Lorusso Ottavia , Wisidagamage Don Prasad , Leon Elisabetta , Miragliotta Elena , Capuzzi Enrico , Colmegna Fabrizia , Clerici Massimo 
Published: March 2024

Background: In 2022 the total world migrant population was 281 million (an increase of approximately 62% compared to year 2000), of whom 169 million were migrant workers. The number of refugees, asylum seekers and others in need of international protection increased by 22% compared to 2021. Research has shown that the forcibly displaced have high rates of mental disorders (including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety), with an estimated prevalence almost 6 to 7 times higher than the general population. Given the increase of the overall migration phenomenon and the challenge raised by the cultural features concerning mental health, we consider that this is an area that requires close attention to ensure that culturally sensitive health services be available to the migrant and displaced population. Aims: The aim of this narrative review is to provide a background to the issue and take stock of what is currently available in the literature regarding culture-bound illnesses and the relevant diagnostic tools. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Psychinfo, Embase, Google Scholar, organized in stages to assure inclusion of all the relevant studies. Of the 703 papers initially identified, only 30 papers finally satisfied the inclusion criteria. Results: Eleven diagnostic scales were found, only two of which are being used for displaced people. Conclusions: Further work is required in this field, including a debate as to whether scales are indeed an appropriate tool for use with this population.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met and CYP2B6 polymorphisms as predictors for ketamine effectiveness in patients with treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Rodrigues Nelson B , Chen-Li David , Di Vincenzo Joshua D , Juneja Ashwin , Pinder Benjamin D , McIntyre Roger S , Rosenblat Joshua D 
Published: March 2024

Background: Converging lines of evidence indicate that ketamine is a rapid antidepressant for individuals with treatment-resistant depression. Hitherto, no reliable a priori predictors of ketamine response have been reported. Pharmacogenetic biomarkers have yielded mixed results regarding potential candidate genes associated with ketamine’s biochemistry as reliable predictors of response. Aims: No studies have examined the effects of Val66Met and CYP2B6 genotypes on patients receiving repeated infusions of intravenous ketamine. Methods: In all, 85 participants with major depressive disorder who had previously received four infusions of intravenous ketamine were recruited to the foregoing study. Buccal swabs were collected and genotype variants across the Val66Met and CYP2B6 genes were analyzed. A repeated measures mixed linear model was used to assess change in depressive symptoms, suicidality, and anxiety, correcting for sex and age. Multiple regression was run to determine whether these genetic markers were associated with treatment efficacy for depressive severity, suicidal ideation, anxiolytic response, and degree of dissociation to intravenous ketamine. Results: Participants experienced significant overall reductions in depression, suicide, and anxiety. Overall, 25% met the response criteria and 15% met the remission criteria. However, Val66Met and CYP2B6 did not significantly predict changes in symptoms of depression, suicide, anxiety, or average dissociation. Conclusions: This study contributes to the growing literature that ketamine efficacy is unlikely to be predicted by single genes, and a pleiotropic approach may likely be necessary for developing reliable predictors of clinical benefits.