bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic findings in 103 cats with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Bond Betsy R. , Fox Philip R. , Peterson Mark E. , Skavaril Russell V. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Using M-mode echocardiography, cardiac abnormalities were studied in 103 cats with untreated hyperthyroidism. In addition, follow-up echocardiography was performed on 24 of these cats to assess the long-term (4 to 21 months) effect of treatment (thyroidectomy or radioiodine) on thyrotoxic cardiac disease. The most common echocardiographic abnormality in the 103 untreated hyperthyroid cats was hypertrophy of the left ventricular caudal wall (71.9%). Hypertrophy of the interventricular septum also was documented in 39.8% of the 103 cats. Other abnormalities included high values for left atrial diameter(70.0%), aortic root diameter (18.5%), and left ventricular diameter at end diastole (45.6%). In some of these cats, indices of contractility were enhanced; in 21.4% and 14.6% of the cats, values for shortening fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, respectively, were greater than those values measured in clinically normal cats.
After treatment of the hyperthyroidism, left ventricular hypertrophy resolved or improved in many of the cats, as indicated by decreases in left ventricular caudal wall and interventricular septum thicknesses. Hyperdynamic wall motion resolved in all cats after treatment, as evidenced by consistent decreases in shortening fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. Despite these improvements, some cats had one or more persistently abnormal echocardiographic values after treatment. These results suggested that in cats, hyperthyrodism commonly is associated with largely reversible cardiomyopathy. In those cats in which cardiomyopathy persists or worsens after treatment, underlying primary cardiomyopathy or thyroid hormone-induced cardiac structural damage may exist.
Economic modeling of the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone at insemination to improve fertility in dairy cows
Authors: Weaver Leon D. , Daley Cynthia A. , Goodger W. J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Economic and sensitivity analysis methods were used to evaluate financial returns from use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the time of insemination to enhance fertility of dairy cows. A computer spread sheet was used to determine the best service(s) for GnRH treatment, the increase in conception rate required for economic benefit from treatment, and how profits from GnRH treatment are affected by drug cost, herd reproductive efficiency, and production costs.
Financial returns increased from use of GnRH at insemination under most herd conditions. Herds with conception rates ≤45% benefited from GnRH treatment at any 1 or 2 inseminations. Herds with conception rates ≥60% benefited from GnRH treatment only at second or later services. Selection of second and/or third insemination as the GnRH treatment service usually resulted in the greatest total return. The enhancement of fertility necessary to achieve the break-even point with GnRH treatment at third service was 2% for low-and 5% for high-conception-rate herds. Base-line herd conception rates, estrus detection efficiency, replacement costs, value of excess days not pregnant, and cost of treatment had the greatest effect on returns from treatment. Herds with high conception rates and low replacement costs were likely to realize the least benefit from GnRH treatment at insemination. On the basis of our findings, we concluded that GnRH treatment at insemination is a profitable procedure under most herd conditions. Optimal treatment regimens for specific herds may best be determined by using herd performance and management data for calculating returns.
Efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in dogs
Authors: Braden T. D. , Johnson C. A. , Wakenell P. , Tvedten H. W. , Mostosky U. V. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of experimentally induced, posttraumatic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis was studied in dogs. At the end of the experiment, bacteria could not be isolated from bone marrow of 15 of 16 (93.7%) dogs treated with clindamycin, whereas bacteria could not be isolated from similar specimens obtained from 6 of 13 (46.1%) untreated dogs. None of the 16 dogs treated with clindamycin had histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis at the end of the experiment. Five of the 13 untreated control dogs had histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis. The recovery rate was 31% in untreated dogs, whereas 94% of dogs treated with clindamycin recovered from osteomyelitis. Clindamycin, 11 mg/kg of body weight, given orally, q 12 h, for 28 days, was efficacious in the treatment of experimentally induced, posttraumatic S aureus osteomyelitis in dogs.
Effect of third carpal slab fracture and repair on racing performance in Thoroughbred horses: 31 cases (1977-1984)
Authors: Martin G. S. , Haynes P. F. , McClure J. R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Between 1977 and 1984, 31 Thoroughbred horses (mean age, 2.8 years) were surgically treated for slab fractures of the third carpal bone. All fractures involved the articular surfaces of the intercarpal and the carpometacarpal joints in a frontal plane and had a cuboidal or slab shape. In 20 of the horses, the bone was fractured during racing and in 8 of the horses, the bone was fractured during race training. The right limb was affected more frequently than was the left limb (24 vs 7, P < 0.05). Twenty-one (67.6%) horses raced at least once after recovery from the surgery. Data were available from 11 claiming horses that had raced at least twice before their injuries and 4 times after recovery. A claiming horse is one that competes where any horse entered is subject to being purchased for the designated amount of the claiming race; therefore, each race tends to automatically attract entrants of similar ability. In this group of 11 horses, claiming value decreased from a mean of $13,900 to a mean of $6,500 (P < 0.05), and the mean finish position was 5.8 ± 3.16 before injury and 5.8 ± 3.30 after recovery. The mean claiming value for horses that had not raced before injury, but had raced after recovery (n = 5) was $8,150.
Jamshidi needle biopsy for diagnosis of bone lesions in small animals
Authors: Powers Barbara E. , LaRue Susan M. , Withrow Stephen J. , Straw Rod C. , Richter Sherri L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Sixty-two bone lesions in 59 small animals were biopsied using a Jamshidi-type biopsy needle. In all instances, the Jamshidi needle biopsy diagnosis was confirmed or disputed by results of histologic examination of specimens obtained by surgical resection or by amputation or at necropsy. In 57 of 62 bone lesions, biopsy resulted in an accurate diagnosis of tumor vs nontumor, yielding an accuracy rate of 91.9%. The specific tumor type or lesion type was identified accurately by Jamshidi needle biopsy in 51 of 62 lesions, yielding an accuracy of 82.3%. Of the 62 bone lesions, 48 were intramedullary osteosarcoma and 62.5% of these were subclassified correctly by Jamshidi needle biopsy results as osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, osteoclastic, or poorly differentiated osteosarcoma. Jamshidi needle biopsy was easy, quick, and safe, and its high accuracy rate of diagnosis indicated that it should be a valuable aid for diagnosis of bone lesions in small animals.
Adrenocortical suppression associated with topical otic administration of glucocorticoids in dogs
Authors: Moriello Karen A. , Fehrer-Sawyer Susan L. , Meyer D. J. , Feder Brett 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Commercial otic preparations that contained dexamethasone or triamcinolone acetate were applied twice daily to both ears of 2 groups of dogs (n = 8).
Marked adrenocortical suppression, reflected by low serum cortisol concentrations, was observed in all dogs. Results of acth response tests were blunted after 7 days of treatment. Twenty-one days after treatment, serum Cortisol concentrations still were suppressed in all dogs, compared with pretreatment control concentrations. Fourteen days after cessation of otic treatment, 5 of 8 dogs still had inadequate release of Cortisol in response to acth.
Compliance with recommended drug withdrawal requirements for dairy cows sent to market in Michigan
Authors: Marteniuk Judith V. , Ahl Alwynelle S. , Bartlett Paul C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
By examination of computerized individual cow records from January 1981 through June 1985, compliance with premarketing drug withdrawal times was investigated in 23 dairy herds. During this period, 877 cows were culled from 23 herds; 33 cows from 12 herds were in violation of premarketing drug withdrawal times. Six herds had 1 violation, 2 herds had 2 violations, 2 herds had 3 and 4 violations, and 2 herds had 7 and 9 violations.
Fifty drugs had been used; 15 drugs were used in violation of drug withdrawal times before cows were sent to market. The most commonly used drugs in violation were Oxytetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and a combination of lincomycin/spectinomycin.
Significant differences between cows in violation and cows not in violation were not observed for age, lactation number, milk production, herd size, or month of culling. However, the 12 herds in violation of premarket drug withdrawal times had significantly (P<0.05) more cows culled within 30 days for retained placenta and milk fever, and more cows culled within 30 and 100 days for mastitis, metritis, and displaced abomasum. Although not significant, the 2 herds with 7 and 9 violations had more hired vs family labor than did the other herds with violations.
Intramuscular injection techniques and the development of clostridial myositis or cellulitis in horses
Authors: Brown Christopher M. , Kaneene John B. , Walker Robert D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A survey of 584 veterinarians in equine practice was performed to determine their intramuscular injection techniques and the influence of those techniques on the development of clostridial myosins or cellulitis. Usable responses were obtained from 439 veterinarians (75.2%). Of these, 414 used a new needle and syringe for each injection, 241 swabbed the site with a cleansing/disinfectant agent, and 242 swabbed the top of multidose injection bottles with a similar solution. Only 2 clipped the hair at the injection site. Twenty eight of the respondents reported that at least 1 horse developed a clostridial infection at the injection site following 1 of their injections. None of the various injection techniques had a significant influence on the development of clostridial infection at the injection site.
Use of narcotic antagonists to modify stereotypic self-licking, self-chewing, and scratching behavior in dogs
Authors: Dodman Nicholas H. , Shuster Louis , White Stephen D. , Court Michael H. , Parker Denise , Dixon Ross 
Published: February 2025

Summary
We evaluated 2 narcotic antagonists, naltrexone and nalmefene, for treatment oj refractory self-licking, self-chewing, and scratching behavior in dogs. Eleven dogs with various irritative or pruritic disorders were medicated with naltrexone (1 mg/kg of body weight, sc) or nalmefene (1 to 4 mg/kg, sc), after a period of control observation during which the dogs had not been medicated. The time for which the dogs were involved in self-licking, self-chewing, or scratching was determined retrospectively by analysis of videotapes. The rates of involvement in either activity before and after treatment were calculated and compared statistically. Treatment with a narcotic antagonist significantly reduced the time spent self-licking, self-chewing, or scratching in 7 of 11 dogs, was partially effective in 3 dogs, and was ineffective in one dog. Dogs with acral lick dermatitis responded most to treatment.
Prognostic factors for radiation treatment of mast cell tumor in 85 dogs
Authors: Turrel Jane M. , Kitchell Barbara E. , Miller Lisa M. , Théon Alain 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Ninety-five mast cell tumors in 85 dogs were therapeutically irradiated. Median and mean tumor-free times for dogs were 17 and 62.7 months, respectively. Percentages of dogs tumor-free at 1 and 2 years were 78.8 and 77%, respectively. Factors significantly affecting tumor-free time were clinical stage (P<0.001) and neoplasm location (P = 0.019). Median and mean survival times were 19 and 61.2 months, respectively. Survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 76.2 and 73.2%, respectively. Prognostic factors that significantly affected survival rates were clinical stage (P<0.001), neoplasm grade (P = 0.006), and neoplasm location (P = 0.034). Radiation therapy was an effective treatment of mast cell tumor in dogs.
Breeding soundness examination of yearling beef bulls
Authors: Spitzer J. C. , Hopkins F. M. , Webster H. W. , Kirkpatrick F. D. , Hill H. S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Yearling beef bulls were subjected to a breeding soundness examination (bse) at completion of performance testing programs at 4 locations over 5 years. Of 862 bulls, 80.1% were classified as satisfactory potential breeders, 7.3% as questionable potential breeders, and 12.7% as unsatisfactory potential breeders. Year (P<0.01), location (P<0.01), and breed (P<0.01) affected the percentage of bulls classified as satisfactory; age of the bulls did not affect this percentage. Adjusted mean scrotal circumference (sc) measurements were 31, 33.2, and 34.8 cm for bulls classified as unsatisfactory, questionable, and satisfactory (P<0.01), respectively. Of 109 bulls classified as unsatisfactory, 2.8% were so classified because of poor semen quality alone; 41.3% had no ejaculate in 4 separate electroejaculation attempts. Other abnormalities in these 109 bulls included reproductive tract infections (22%), persistent penile frenulum (16.5%), testicular abnormalities (8.3%), fibropapilloma (1.8%), hernia (1.8%), aplastic epididymis (1.8%), penile abnormalities (1.8%), pendulous sheath (0.9%), and eye abnormalities (0.9%). Age had a significant effect on sc in bulls at 3 locations and on percentage of normal cells, primary abnormalities, and secondary abnormalities as well as bse score at 1 location. Percentage of primary and secondary abnormalities as well as sc were different across years at 2 locations, and percentage of normal and motile cells as well as bse score were different across years at 1 location. Breed effects were significant for sc, percentage of primary abnormalities, and bse Score at 3 locations and for percentage of normal and motile cells at 1 location.
Effect of aspirin, furosemide, and commercial low-salt diet on digoxin pharmacokinetic properties in clinically normal cats
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. , Snyder Patti S. , Keene Bruce W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Steady-state serum digoxin concentration ([digoxin]) was measured for 48 hours in 6 healthy cats after they were treated with digoxin tablets (0.01 mg/kg of body weight, q 48 h) for 10 days and again after concurrent treatment of identical duration with orally administered digoxin, aspirin (80 mg, q 48 h), furosemide (2 mg/kg, q 12 h), and a commercial low-salt diet. The concurrent treatment substantially altered digoxin pharmacokinetic properties, with a resultant increase in peak (mean ± sem; from 2.1 ± 0.35 to 3.3 ± 0.6 ng/ml), 8-hour (from 1.4 ± 0.35 to 2.5 ± 0.64 ng/ml), and 48-hour mean (from 1.1 ± 0.22 to 2.2 ± 0.57 ng/ml) serum [digoxin]; an increase in the number of hours during which serum [digoxin] was in the toxic range (from 3 ± 1.7 to 24.7 ± 9.8 h); and a decrease in oral clearance (from 0.15 ± 0.04 to 0.08 ± 0.02 L/h•kg). Of these differences, all but the 8-hour serum [digoxin] were significant at P<0.05.
Similar sampling procedures were performed in 3 cats after administration of digoxin alone (0.01 mg/kg, q 48 h) until steady-state conditions were reached (10 days) and again after an additional 10 days of treatment. Differences were not noticed in digoxin pharmacokinetic properties.
Eight-hour serum [digoxin] was shown to correlate closely with the mean serum [digoxin] at steady-state conditions when digoxin was administered every 48 hours. Variation in digoxin pharmacokinetic properties was noticed between cats.
We concluded that concurrent treatment with aspirin, furosemide, and a commercial low-salt diet alters feline digoxin pharmacokinetic properties, predisposing cats to digitalis intoxication. The digoxin dosage should approximate 0.007 mg/kg, q 48 h, when these compounds are used in conjunction with digoxin. Furthermore, because of variation in digoxin pharmacokinetic properties, serum [digoxin] should be measured to maximize therapeutic efficacy. We recommend that serum [digoxin] be determined approximately 8 hours after administration.
Generalized peritonitis in dogs: 50 cases (1975–1986)
Authors: Hosgood Giselle , Salisbury S. Kathleen 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Medical records of 50 dogs with generalized peritonitis and examined between 1975 and 1986 were reviewed. In these dogs, the gastrointestinal tract was the most common source of peritoneal cavity contamination (30 dogs). The most common cause of contamination was surgical wound dehiscence (14 dogs). Overall mortality of the 50 dogs was 68%.
Comparison of the general moral reasoning of small animal veterinarians vs large animal veterinarians
Authors: Self Donnie J. , Safford Susan K. , Shelton George C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
This project was developed to gather data on the general moral reasoning of practicing veterinarians and to compare the responses of small animal veterinarians vs large animal veterinarians and of male veterinarians vs female veterinarians. Using the Defining Issues Test for assessing moral reasoning, it was found that there is no significant difference between the levels of moral reasoning of small animal and large animal veterinarians. However, a slightly significant (P = 0.045) difference was found between the levels of moral reasoning of male and female veterinarians. Explanations of these findings are given. This report provides baseline data on the moral reasoning of veterinarians, which can serve as a foundation and stimulus for comparison in other studies.
Radiotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas in dogs
Authors: McChesney Sharon L. , Withrow Stephen J. , Gillette Edward L. , Powers Barbara E. , Dewhirst Mark W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Megavoltage radiotherapy was administered to 42 dogs with soft tissue sarcoma. Acceptable local control of these aggressive tumors was achieved after one year of treatment. Control rates of 48 and 67% were obtained at doses of 45 and 50 gray (Gy), respectively. At 2 years, control rates decreased to 33% at the dose of 50 Gy. Serious complications developed in 4 of 42 dogs at doses of 40 to 50 Gy. The estimated dose with a 50% probability for causing serious complications was 54 Gy, given in 10 fractions. We believe that the large doses per fraction used in this study probably led to an increased probability for necrosis. Hemangiopericytomas seemed to be more responsive than fibrosarcomas. Only 2 of 11 recurrent tumors were controlled with surgery. Good local control was achieved with radiation alone for one year at doses with a low probability for serious complications; however, higher total radiation doses or combined modalities, such as surgery and radiation or radiation and hyperthermia, may be needed for longer-term control.
Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats from the continental United States and Canada and possible mode of transmission
Authors: Yamamoto Janet K. , Hansen Herman , Ho Esther W. , Morishita Teresa Y. , Okuda Takiko , Sawa Thomas R. , Nakamura Robert M. , Pedersen Niels C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The epidemiologic features of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection were evaluated in 2,765 cats from the United States and Canada. Of these cats, 2,254 were considered by veterinarians to be at high risk for the infection, and 511 were healthy cats considered to be at low or unknown risk. Of the cats in the high-risk group, 318 (14%) were found to be infected with fiv. The infection rate among low- or unknown-risk cats was 6 of 511 (1.2%). Male cats in the high-risk group were 3 times more likely to be infected than were females, similarly as were cats >6 years old, compared with younger cats; domestic cats, compared with purebred cats; and free-roaming cats, compared with confined cats. Feline immunodeficiency virus and FeLV infections did not appear to be linked with each other; 16% of FeLV-infected cats in the high- and low-risk groups were coinfected with fiv. In contrast, there was a pronounced linkage between fiv and feline syncytium-forming virus (FeSFV) infections. Seventy-four percent of FeSFV-infected cats in the high-risk study group were coinfected with fiv, compared with a 38% fiv infection rate among cats that were not infected with FeSFV.
The major clinical manifestations associated with fiv infection in cats that were surveyed included chronic oral cavity infections (56%), chronic upper respiratory tract disease (34%), chronic enteritis (19%), and chronic conjunctivitis (11%). Bacterial infections of the urinary tract (cystitis), skin, and ears were seen in a small proportion of cats. Fever of unspecified origin, anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, vomiting, abnormal behavioral problems, lymphosarcoma, and myeloproliferative disorders were seen as accompanying or primary features of the disease in a proportion of affected cats. Anemia and leukopenia were observed in about a third of the cats that were clinically ill at the time of testing.
Experimental studies indicated that biting was a highly efficient mode of transmission. Cats with clinical signs of illness tended to shed more virus in their saliva than did healthy carrier cats. Seroepidemiologic studies also supported the notion that territorial aggression and biting were important natural modes of fiv transmission.
A group of 18 human beings who had intimate contact with fiv-infected cats were found to be seronegative for the virus. There was no positive evidence that fiv was of public health importance.