bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 on the production of proteoglycan, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist by human articular chondrocytes cultured in the presence of interleukin‐1β
Authors: Huch Klaus , Flechtenmacher Johannes , Wilbrink Berry , Koepp Holger E. , Mollenhauer Juergen , Thonar Eugene J.‐M. A. , Aydelotte Margaret B. , Kuettner Klaus E. , Sampath T. Kuber 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. Recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 (OP‐1) is an effective stimulator of human cartilage 35S‐proteoglycan synthesis. The present study was conducted to determine whether stimulation of human articular chondrocytes with OP‐1 can help overcome interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)‐induced suppression of 35S‐proteoglycan synthesis.Methods. Human articular chondrocytes in alginate beads were maintained for 3 days in the absence (control) or presence of IL‐1β at 0.1–100 pg/ml with or without OP‐1 at 50 ng/ml, in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Incorporation of 35S‐sulfate into proteoglycans was quantified during the last 4 hours of culture and reported as counts per minute per μg DNA. Release of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) and prostaglandin E2 into the medium was monitored by immunoassay.Results. IL‐1β at 10 pg/ml caused a 60% decrease in 35S‐proteoglycan synthesis. This could be blocked by including 500 ng/ml IL‐1Ra in the medium. The presence of 50 ng/ml OP‐1 in the IL‐1β‐containing medium was effective in restoring 35S‐proteoglycan synthesis to the level of that found in cultures not treated with IL‐1β. The restorative effects of OP‐1 and IL‐1Ra were cumulative. The rate of release of prostaglandin E2 and IL‐1Ra into the medium was not affected by the presence of OP‐1.Conclusion. Treatment of human articular chondrocytes with OP‐1 cultured in the presence of FBS is effective in overcoming the down‐regulation of proteoglycan synthesis induced by low doses of IL‐1β.
Histone‐specific Th0 and Th1 clones derived from systemic lupus erythematosus patients induce double‐stranded DNA antibody production
Authors: Voll Reinhard E. , Roth Edith A. , Girkontaite Irute , Fehr Holger , Herrmann Martin , Lorenz Hanns‐Martin , Kalden Joachim R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To investigate whether histone‐specific T helper (Th) cells that are able to induce anti‐doublestranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibodies can be isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to characterize the cytokine secretion pattern of such Th clones.Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients and healthy donors were stimulated with autologous apoptotic cell material or purified histones, expanded with interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), and cloned by limiting dilution. Histone reactivity of clones was examined by histone‐specific proliferation and cytokine release. Cytokines were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CTLL‐2 bioassay. Induction of anti‐dsDNA antibodies was measured in cocultures of autologous B cells and Th clones by ELISA.Results. Numerous histone‐specific T cell receptor (TCR) α/β+ Th clones were established from 2 of 3 patients with active SLE and from 1 of 2 healthy individuals. Most Th clones secreted IL‐2, interferon‐γ (IFNγ), and IL‐4, whereas some produced predominantly IL‐2 and lFNγ. Th clones that could stimulate the production of anti‐dsDNA antibodies were derived from SLE patients and from a healthy individual.Conclusion. Th cells specific for histones may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE by inducing autoantibodies to dsDNA. Both Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. The presence of histone‐specific Th cells in a healthy individual indicates the importance of peripheral tolerance for preventing autoimmunity to nuclear antigens.
A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing steroids and pulse cyclophosphamide versus steroids and oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of generalized wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Guillevin Loïc , Cordier Jean‐François , Lhote Franïois , Cohen Pascal , Jarrousse Bernard , Royer Isabelle , Lesavre Philippe , Jacquot Christian , Bindi Pascal , Bielefeld Philippe , Desson Jean‐Franïois , Détrée Frédérick , Dubois Alain , Hachulla Eric , Hoen Bruno , Jacomy Dominique , Seigneuric Christian , Lauque Dominique , Stern Marc , Longy‐Boursier Maité 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To investigate the effectiveness and side effects of oral versus pulse cyclophosphamide (CYC) in combination with corticosteroids (CS) in the treatment of systemic Wegener's granulomatosis (WG).Methods. Patients with newly diagnosed systemic WG were enrolled in a prospective, randomized trial. At the time of diagnosis, prior to randomization, every patient received a daily injection of methylprednisolone for 3 days, followed by daily oral prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) and a 0.7‐gm/m2 pulse of CYC. Patients were then randomly assigned to receive either prednisone plus intravenous pulse CYC (group A) or prednisone plus oral CYC (group B) as first‐line treatment. CYC was given for at least 1 year and was then progressively tapered and discontinued.Results. Fifty patients were included in the study: 27 in group A and 23 in group B. At 6 months, 24 group A patients (88.9%) were in remission, versus 18 group B patients (78.3%). At the end of the trial, 18 group A patients (66.7%) and 13 group B patients (56.5%) were in remission. In group A, 66.7% of the patients experienced side effects, versus 69.6% in group B. Infectious side effects were significantly more frequent in group B (69.6%) than in group A (40.7%) (P < 0.05). The incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was higher in oral CYC‐treated patients (30.4%) than in pulse CYC‐treated patients (11.1%). Nine group A patients (33.3%) and 10 group B patients (43.5%) died. Actuarial curves showed that relapses were significantly more frequent in group A (59.2%) than in group B (13%) (P = 0.02).Conclusion. Our results indicate that pulse CYC is as effective as oral CYC in achieving initial remission of WG and is associated with fewer side effects and lower mortality. However, in the long term, treatment with pulse CYC does not maintain remission or prevent relapses as well as oral CYC.
Risk factors for early work disability in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results from a Multicenter Study
Authors: Partridge Alison J. , Fossel Anne H. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Lew Robert A. , Wright Elizabeth A. , Daltroy Lawren H. , Liang Matthew H. , Straaton Karin V. , Stern Steven H. , Kavanaugh Arthur F. , Roberts W. Neal 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To study the risk factors for early work disability in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods. A sample of 159 SLE patients who had been employed at some time since diagnosis was drawn from a multicenter study of outcome in SLE. Disease activity, organ damage, education, income, source of health insurance, and work‐related factors were measured in a standardized interview. Work disability was defined by patient self‐report of not working because of SLE. The outcome measure was current work status. Seven patients were excluded from the analysis because their choice not to work was unrelated to SLE.Results. An average of 3.4 years after diagnosis, 40% had quit work completely, and job modification was substantial. Univariate analysis (chi‐square and t‐test) showed that significant predictors of early work disability included having a high school education or less, receiving Medicaid or having no health insurance, having a job which required more physical strength, having an income below poverty level, and having greater disease activity at diagnosis. In multivariate models, significant predictors were education level (P = 0.0004), higher physical demands of the job (P = 0.0028), and higher disease activity at diagnosis (P = 0.0078). Race, sex, cumulative organ damage at diagnosis, and disease duration were not significant.Conclusion. Early work disability in SLE is strongly associated with some sociodemographic factors that might be amenable to intervention.
The long‐term effect of methotrexate therapy on the liver in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hashkes Philip J. , Balistreri William F. , Bove Kevin E. , Ballard Edgar T. , Passo Murray H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine if the long‐term use of methotrexate (MTX) in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is associated with the development of significant liver fibrosis, and to describe the presence of risk factors for liver fibrosis in patients with JRA.Methods. Needle biopsies of the liver were performed on a cross‐section cohort of 14 patients with JRA who had received a total cumulative dose of MTX that was either >3,000 mg or >4,000 mg/1.73 m2 of body surface area. Biopsy samples were independently graded according to the Roenigk Classification Scale by 2 pathologists. The presence of risk factors for MTX hepatotoxicity, especially biochemical abnormalities reflective of liver injury and alcohol consumption, were assessed.Results. Thirteen biopsy samples (93%) were classified as grade I, and 1 (7%) as grade II; none demonstrated significant fibrosis. However, histologic abnormalities were found in 13 biopsy samples (93%). Only 2 patients (14%) consumed more than 1 alcoholic drink per month. Thirteen patients (93%) had biochemical abnormalities while being treated with MTX, but only 5 patients (36%) had at least 1 determination in which the aspartate or alanine aminotransferase elevation was >3 times the upper limit of normal.Conclusion. Long‐term use of MTX for JRA does not appear to be associated with the development of significant liver fibrosis. Although nearly all patients had minor histologic changes, no significant clinical consequences were apparent. A prospective study of a larger population will more accurately define the incidence of MTX‐related liver fibrosis and appropriate monitoring guidelines in JRA.
Psychosocial outcomes and health status of adults who have had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled, population‐based study
Authors: Peterson Lynne S. , Mason Tom , Nelson Audrey M. , O'Fallon W. Michael , Gabriel Sherine E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. The goal of this study was to evaluate the physical and psychosocial impact of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) among a population‐based cohort of adults who had the disease during childhood, compared with a control cohort of subjects with no history of JRA.Methods. The Rochester Epidemiology Project database was used to identify all cases of JRA (based on the American College of Rheumatology [formerly, the American Rheumatism Association] 1977 criteria) among Rochester, Minnesota residents first diagnosed between January 1, 1960 and December 31, 1993. Controls were age‐ and sex‐matched to the cases as of the date of diagnosis of JRA. A pretested postal survey was mailed to all adult cases (whose date of birth was before December 31, 1975) and matched controls from the same population, to obtain information on socioeconomic issues and functional status (using the Health Assessment Questionnaire and the Health Status Questionnaire). The complete medical records of all cases and controls were reviewed to obtain information on demographics and clinical manifestations of JRA.Results. Of the 50 eligible cases, 44 (88%) responded to the survey. There were 102 age‐ and sexmatched controls (2–3 per case) who responded to the survey. Seventy‐three percent of the cases had pauciarticular‐onset JRA, 16% had polyarticular‐onset JRA, and 11% had systemic‐onset JRA. Average followup was 24.7 years and 24.5 years after the index date for cases and controls, respectively. Greater disability (P = 0.0002), more bodily pain (P = 0.0002), increased fatigue (P = 0.0112), poorer health perception (P = 0.0004), and decreased physical functioning (P = 0.0002) were reported by the cases compared with the controls. JRA cases reported significantly lower rates of employment (P = 0.015) and lower levels of exercise (P = 0.0002) than did controls. Level of educational achievement, annual income, health insurance status, and rate of pregnancy and childbirth were similar for both cases and controls.Conclusion. Adults who have had JRA during childhood experience long‐term physical and psychosocial impairment.
Risk for periodontal disease in patients with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Käber Ulrich R. , Michel Alexander , Bolten Wolfgang W. , Gleissner Christiane , Dehne Florian , Willershausen‐Zönnchen Brita 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To quantify periodontal disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls, and to correlate the degree of destruction from periodontal disease and from RAMethods. Fifty RA patients were matched for age, sex, smoking status, and oral hygiene with 101 controls. Correlations between indices of chronic destruction in periodontal disease (gingival attachment loss) and in RA (Larsen radiographic score) were determined.Results. Patients with longstanding active RA (mean ± SD 13 ± 8 years) who were receiving treatment with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (n = 46), corticosteroids (n = 38), or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (n = 43) had a higher rate of gingival bleeding (increased by 50%), greater probing depth (increased by 26%), greater attachment loss (increased by 173%), and higher number of missing teeth (increased by 29%) compared with controls. No correlation was found between the Larsen radiographic score and gingival attachment.Conclusion. Patients with longstanding active RA have a substantially increased frequency of periodontal disease, including loss of teeth, compared with controls. Antiinflammatory treatment interferes with periodontal disease and might have masked a possible correlation between the indices of chronic destruction in RA and periodontal disease.
Effect of age and osteoarthritis on knee proprioception
Authors: Pai Yi‐Chung , Rymer W. Zev , Chang Rowland W. , Sharma Leena 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To test the hypotheses that 1) knee position sense declines with age; 2) patients with osteoarthritis (OA) have worse knee position sense than elderly controls; and 3) knee position sense is correlated with functional status.Methods. The threshold for detection of knee joint displacement was measured in 30 patients with bilateral knee OA (Kellgren/Lawrence grade ⩾2 in both knees), 29 elderly controls (who met clinical and radiographic criteria for exclusion of OA), and 25 young controls. Range of motion, laxity, radiographic severity, and functional status were also assessed.Results. A moderate correlation was found between joint displacement detection threshold and age (r = 0.598 and r = 0.501 for the right knee and the left knee, respectively). The threshold was substantially and significantly different between the OA patients and the elderly controls. Proprioceptive impairment was associated with worse disease‐specific functional status.Conclusion. Proprioception declines with age, and is further impaired in elderly patients with knee OA. Poor proprioception may contribute to functional impairment in knee OA.
Improving medication compliance for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and its effect on clinical outcome: A single‐subject analysis
Authors: Rapoff Michael A. , Purviance Mark R. , Lindsley Carol B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCompliance with regimens for chronic childhood diseases such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is often less than optimal. This study examined the effectiveness of strategies designed to improve the medication compliance of a 14‐year‐old patient with JRA. A withdrawal (single‐subject) design with repeated measures of compliance and clinical outcome was used to evaluate the compliance‐improvement strategies. Positive reinforcement behavioral strategies were most effective in improving compliance when compared with baseline and a simplified regimen condition. Compliance changes were maintained during a nine‐month follow‐up period. Although clinical outcome results were not as straight forward, there seemed to be a trend toward improvement in symptoms, which was associated with higher compliance levels.
Social environment in families of children with juvenile arthritis
Authors: Myones Barry L. , Williams Gordon F. , Billings Andrew , Miller John J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Family Environment Scale (FES) was used to study 50 families of children with juvenile arthritis (JA). The FES was administered to all family members over age 10. Interpersonal relationships among family members were evaluated by the cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict subscales of the FES, and personal development was indexed by the FES independence subscale. The family scores in each subscale were compared with normative data from 1,125 families from the San Francisco Bay Area comparable with study families in age, education, number of children, and socio‐economic status.No significant differences (t tests) were found in family cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, or independence in families of children with JA compared with control families when using the FES. These data do not support the hypothesis that psychosocial distress in families precedes or inevitably results from development of arthritis in a child.
Five‐minute walking test of aerobic fitness for people with arthritis
Authors: Price Linda G. , Hewett John E. , Kay Donald R. , Minor Marian A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine if a five‐minute walking field test can be a valid indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with arthritis, distances walked were examined in relation to directly measured maximum oxygen consumption values. Pre‐ and post‐exercise intervention data were obtained from five arthritis patients taking part in a larger exercise—arthritis research project. Correlations of r =.87 (P = 0.05) for both pre‐ and post‐exercise measures suggest that the 5‐minute walk is a valid field method for assessing relative cardiorespiratory fitness in arthritis patients. Further, compared to the longer traditional field test protocols, a shortened walking time is a safe, more realistic, and appropriate approach for field testing populations with low exercise tolerance such as arthritis patients.
Arthritis appraisal and ways of coping. Scale development
Authors: Regan Catherine A. , Lorig Kate , Thoresen Carl E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn instrument was developeted to measure appraisal and coping in older people with osteoarthritis (OA). Based on the Lazarus‐Folkman model of stress and coping, our Arhtritis Appraisal and Ways of coping scale assessed the primary appraisal (perception of harm/loss) and coping thoughts and actions of OAs in response to specific incidents of pain. Factor analysis of the scores of 151 persons with osteoarthritis produced five coping subscales: dependency, adapting, distancing, anger‐withdrawal, and expanding thoughts and actions. In a sample of 95 OAs, primary appraisal and coping were found to relate significantly to each other, to self‐efficacy, and to health status (pain, depression, and activity level). Use of this instrument to understand better the change processes in sucessful patient education program is discussed.
Patient education in the rheumatic diseases: A research agenda
Authors: Daltroy Lawren H. , Liang Matthew H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDespite the explosion of research in patient education and compliance, little has been specific to rheumatology until the last few years. Many effective educational techniques can be borrowed from research on other chronic diseases. Research should be theory based, but it should also emphasize the testing of various combinations of intervention strategies. Fertile research areas include access to care, patient‐provider interaction, adherence to medical regimens, and diffusion of practical educational skills among caregivers. Common limitations in research methodology are identified and addressed in this paper.
An electromyographic analysis of the hip abductor muscles during a standing work task
Authors: Neumann Donald A. , Sobush Dennis C. , Paschke Sean , Cook Thomas M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResearch data strongly suggest that osteoarthritis of the hip occurs statistically more often on the right side. A possible contributing factor to this right‐sided bias in frequency may be that the articular cartilage on the right hip is subjected to relatively higher muscular‐based forces throughout a lifetime. As an initial attempt to study this possibility, this research examined healthy persons to determine the existence of a “dominant” hip similar to that expressed for handedness. Electromyographic (EMG) analysis was used to compare the electrical activity between the right and left hip abductor muscles during a standardized standing work task using 40 right‐handed and 40 left‐handed healthy subjects. Analysis of the data showed that the hip muscle on the side of the subject's handedness produced higher normalized EMG activity than did the opposite hip; however, the differences were not all statistically significant. The trend of this data set, however, warrants further research into a possible association between hip dominance, asymmetrical muscle use, and the development of hip osteoarthritis.
Heat‐moldable shoes for management of forefoot problems in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Moncur Carolee , Ward John R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHeat‐moldable shoes (Thermold) were created as an alternative to the regular extra‐depth shoe (Extra Depth) to be used on patients whose painful forefoot conditions can not be easily ameliorated. We report our preliminary experience using this heat‐moldable, extra‐depth shoe for the treatment of painful forefeet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Twenty‐five patients with RA, who were classified as American Congress of Rheumatology (ACR) functional classes II and III, were selected to wear heatmoldable, extra‐depth shoes on an experimental basis. All patients had been complaining of being unable to wear normal shoes or extra‐depth shoes because of pain in the forefeet. Patients were interviewed after a period of wearing their shoes (average, 5 months) to determine their level of satisfaction. All patients reported that the heat‐moldable shoes helped relieve the pain in their feet. Eighty percent of the patients reported they walked better. It appears that the heat‐moldable shoe may offer an advantage over other extra‐depth shoes in patients who have moderate to severe involvement of their forefeet with RA.
The beck depression inventory, center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES‐D), and general well‐being schedule depression subscale in rheumatoid arthritis criterion contamination of responses
Authors: Callahan Leigh F. , Kaplan Mark R. , Pincus Theodore 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree widely used depression scales—the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES‐D), and General Well Being Schedule depression subscale (GWB‐D)—were studied in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Twenty‐three rheumatologists identified 19 of the 45 items on these three questionnaires as likely to differ in patients with RA and control subjects because of the presence of RA, regardless of psychological status. Responses to 13 of these 19 individual scale items, designated as “RA‐related items,” differed significantly in 41 RA patients versus 57 agematched control subjects. Only three of the other 26 items differed significantly in the two groups. These data extend evidence that responses of people with RA on widely used depression scales might be affected by somatic disease regardless of psychological status.