bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressor cells in Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: Prevention of the disease and inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by the suppressor cells or their products
Authors: Beraud Evelyne , Varriale Simone , Farnarier Catherine , Bernard Dominique 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLewis rats primed with myelin basic protein (MBP) in complete Freund's adjuvant develop experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and suddenly recover 15 to 17 days later. It was previously found that nondraining lymph node (non‐DLN) cells taken at the time of convalescence and transferred into syngeneic normal animals inhibit the subsequent induction of EAE. In this report, it is shown that a suppressive factor can be extracted from non‐DLN cells which mimics the inhibitory effect of cells when injected into the recipients. Non‐DLN cells keep their suppressive activity on the induction of EAE after a culture of 48 h but their supernatant of culture failed to exert any protective effect in vivo. However, in vitro both the culture supernatant and the suppressor cells were found to have an inhibitory effect on the proliferative response of immune lymphoid cells to the antigen (MBP).
Antibody‐specific immunoregulation is restricted by the major histocompatibility gene complex
Authors: Speck Nancy A. , Pierce Susan K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments were carried out to examine the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of an antibody‐specific immunoregulatory function that develops following conventional immunization with hapten‐carrier conjugates. It was found that carrier‐primed hosts reconstituted with Ly‐2.2+ T cells from hapten‐carrier‐immunized donors were able to suppress adoptively transferred primary B cells. The effective suppression of primary B cell responses was dependent on syngeny between the suppressing T cell population and the target B cells at both MHC and Igh. These findings indicate that T cells that function through the recognition of B cell antibody are restricted in their function by gene products of the MHC, similar to the restrictions observed for the recognition of conventional antigens.
Human in vivo antigenic modulation induced by the anti‐T cell OKT3 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Chatenoud Lucienne , Baudrihaye Marc F. , Kreis Henri , Goldstein Gideon , Schindler John , Bach Jean‐Francois 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe anti‐pan T cell monoclonal antibody OKT3 was administered daily for 2 weeks in four human renal allograft recipients. The antibody induced a dramatic and immediate depletion of peripheral T cells followed by an in vivo antigenic modulation of the OKT3‐defined membrane antigen: after three injections, OKT3‐treated patients showed a limited but significant number of OKT3− cells of T cell nature (as defined by OKT4 and OKT8) which recovered the OKT3 receptor after an overnight in vitro incubation in the absence of the monoclonal antibody.
Large granular lymphocytes: Morphological studies
Authors: Huhn Dieter , Huber Christoph , Gastl Günther 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLarge granular lymphocytes from normal human blood were enriched by centrifugation on discontinuous Percoll density gradients. Their capacity for natural killing, but not for phagocytosis of yeast cells, was demonstrated. Large granular lymphocytes are characterized in electron microscopy by their fine structure, especially by typical granules and by inclusions of tubular structures in a parallel array. Their lymphocyte nature is supported by activity of acid‐α‐naphthyl acetate esterase and by the absence of myelo‐peroxidase (POX) and of macrophage POX. The Fcγ receptor of their cell membrane is marked by soluble POX‐anti‐POX‐complexes; labeled parts of their membrane are not incorporated into the cytoplasm as in monocytes.
Lysis of allogeneic human lymphocytes by nonspecifically activated T‐like cells
Authors: McMichael Andrew J. , Gotch Frances M. , Hildreth James E. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the generation of cytotoxic effector cells specific for influenza A virus‐infected lymphocytes, three donors have given an unusual pattern of lytic activity, killing HLA‐mismatched target cells. This has been analyzed in detail for one donor and one of the other two shows similar results. Activation only requires culture in medium between 1 and 4 days and parallels development of cell line K562‐directed natural killer cells. Target lymphocytes do not need to be virus‐infected and appear to be normal lymphocytes. The effector cells carry the surface markers T3 and T8 defined by OKT3/anti‐Leu4 and OKT8/anti‐Leu2a monoclonal antibodies, respectively. Unlike HLA class 1‐restricted or ‐directed cytotoxic T cells, neither anti‐Leu2a/nor anti‐Leu4 blocked killing in the absence of complement. MHM23, a monoclonal antibody specific for the human lymphocyte function antigen, blocked lysis. The results indicate that these effector cells are related to cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but can lyse allogeneic target cells through a different recognition process. There is some specificity because autologous cells were not killed.
Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune system of the mouse. I. Evidence for a direct selective effect of cyclosporin A on B cells responding to anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies
Authors: Dongworth David W. , Klaus Gerhard G. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious in vivo studies have shown that the immunsuppressive peptide cyclosporin A (CsA) selectively suppresses antibody responses to nonmitogenic T‐independent (TI‐2) antigens, but not those to mitogenic (TI‐1) antigens. This report demonstrates that in vitro CsA suppresses the polyclonal proliferative response of B cells to anti‐Ig (anti‐μ) antibodies at 300‐400‐fold lower doses than are required to inhibit B cell proliferation induced by lipopolysaccharide. Since the proliferative response to anti‐μ requires neither T cells nor macrophages, it is concluded that CsA has a direct inhibitory effect on the B cells responding to this mitogen. The data support the concept that the B cells responding to TI‐2 antigens are contained within the population which is stimulated polyclonally by anti‐μ, and that lipopolysaccharide stimulates a distinct B cell subpopulation. They do not, however, exclude the possibility that anti‐μ. and lipopolysaccharide stimulate the same B cell population via two biochemically distinct triggering mechanisms, one of which is CsA‐sensitive and the other CsA‐resistant.
The presence of a common idiotype in anti‐H‐2 immune sera as detected by anti‐idiotype to a monoclonal anti‐H‐2 antibody
Authors: Ozato Keiko , Epstein Suzanne L. , Bluestone Jeffrey A. , Sharrow Susan O. , Hansen Ted , Sachs David H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo study the idiotypes (Id) of the humoral response to H‐2Ld antigens, xenogeneic antisera were produced to three independent monoclonal antibodies, recognizing Ld determinants H‐2.64 or 65. The reactivity of each of these anti‐Id was specific for the immunizing antibody, no cross‐reactions among the three anti‐L hybridomas being detectable. Antisera produced in BALB/c H‐2dm2 mice hyperimmunized with BALB/c tissue were examined for the presence of cross‐reactive Id (IdCR). When the ability of these anti‐Id to inhibit the binding of alloantibodies to Ld splenic antigens was tested, a broadly shared Id was detected by one anti‐Id (anti‐23‐10‐1S). The shared Id represented between one‐fourth and one‐half of the total anti‐Ld humoral response and was found in every BALB/c H‐2dm2 anti‐BALB/c serum tested. The IdCR was limited to those alloantibodies reacting with the determinant H‐2.65 which corresponds with the serologic reactivity of monoclonal antibody 23‐10‐1S. The other two anti‐Id did not detect components of the anti‐Ld humoral response, even though one of these was made against monoclonal antibody 30‐5‐7S which also detects serologic specificity H‐2.65. The detection of a IdCR in anti‐Ld responses stands in contrast to our previous failure to detect IdCR in anti‐H‐2Kk responses. Among the possible reasons for this contrast are (a) the fact that 23‐10‐1S is an IgM antibody, whereas the anti‐H‐2Kk antibodies studies were IgG; (b) the chance occurrence of anti‐H‐2 hybridomas with dominant Id and (c) the possibility that the anti‐Ld antibody repertoire may be less heterogeneous than that directed to Kk antigens.
Modulation of B and T cell subsets in mice treated with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation. I. Blockage of differentiating B cell pathways
Authors: Zan‐Bar Israel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) on the maturation of B cells was examined in mice. At various times after irradiation of the mice, their spleen cells were tested for the mitogenic responses to dextran sulfate and lipopolysac‐charide. In parallel the cells were stained with fluorescent anti‐Thy‐1 and various anti‐Ig antisera, and were analyzed on a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS). By comparison with normal spleen cells the cells of TLI‐treated mice gave a high response to dextran sulfate and a low response to lipopolysaccharide. FACS analysis revealed that TLI‐treated spleen contains elevated numbers of B cells bearing high IgM and low IgD on the surface. The B cells of TLI‐treated mice retained these immature characteristics even two to four months after the last irradiation. These findings indicate that TLI causes a longlasting blockage in B cell maturation processes.
Fine specificity of guinea pig antibodies to angiotensin. II. A comparison with Ir gene control of T lymphocyte responses
Authors: Abruzzini Anthony F. , Thomas David W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, the octapeptide hormone, angiotensin II (H‐Asp1‐Arg2‐Val3‐Tyr4‐Ile5‐His6‐Pro7‐Phe8‐OH; AII), and various AII homologues and analogues were employed as an antigen system to investigate the binding specificities of guinea pig antibodies. Using small, precisely defined peptides facilitates the comparison of the antigen‐binding repertoire of antibodies with the antigen specificities of T cells since unconju‐gated AII elicits both cellular and humoral immune responses. The T cell proliferative response has previously been shown to be exquisitely specific and under Ir gene control. In contrast, antibody binding, as reported here, was decidedly less specific and independent or the Ir gene control reported for the T cell proliferative response. Antisera from individual strain 2 or 13 guinea pigs immunized with either AII or [Val5]‐AII contained IgG antibodies that were highly restricted by isoelectric focusing but capable of binding either antigen with nearly equal efficiency, as determined by competitive inhibition studies in radioimmunoassays. The fine specificity of antibody binding was examined through the use of a series of AII homologues and analogues for competitive inhibition. The important residues for peptide‐antibody binding were Phe8, His6, Tyr4, and Asp1, since analogues with residue substitutions at these sites were much less efficient inhibitors. These results are discussed with respect to the differences in recognition of peptide antigenic determinants by T and B cells.
Biological activity of anti‐thyrotropin anti‐idiotypic antibody
Authors: Islam M. N. , Pepper Barbara M. , Briones‐Urbina Rosario , Farid Nadir R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit anti‐rat anti‐human thyrotropin anti‐idiotypic antibodies have been raised. These antibodies were active at the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor, in that they inhibited 125I‐labeled bovine TSH binding to thyroid plasma membranes, stimulated adenylate cyclase activity through a guanyl nucleotide‐dependent mechanism, augmented radioiodide transport into isolated porcine thyroid follicular cells and induced such cultured cells to organize into follicles. Aside from substantiating the expectation that anti‐hormone anti‐idiotypic antibodies may possess properties of the original hormone, this work raised the possibility that thyroid‐stimulating antibodies which cause the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease may be anti‐TSH anti‐idiotypic antibodies.
Comparison with monoclonal anti‐Ia antibodies of antigenic determinants inducing lymphocyte proliferation and immune interferon production in primary and secondary murine mixed lymphocyte reactions
Authors: Landolfo Santo , Kirchner Holger 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe nature of Ia antigens inducing lymphocyte proliferation and immune interferon (IFN‐γ) production in primary and secondary murine mixed lymphocyte cultures was studied by means of monoclonal anti‐Ia antibodies. In primary mixed lymphocyte cultures, both lymphocyte proliferation and IFN‐γ production were found to be controlled by Ia determinants coded for by the I‐A subregion. E alloantigen‐recognizing antibodies displayed consistent stimulation of both lymphocyte functions, instead of inhibition, suggesting a regulatory mechanism of the E molecule on lymphocyte activation. In secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures fewer Ia determinants seemed to be involved in lymphocyte proliferation, since only antibodies directed against specificities Ia.17 and Ia.19 were found capable of blocking lymphocyte proliferation. In contrast, IFN‐γ production, although significantly decreased by antibodies against specificities Ia.17 and Ia.19, was not completely abrogated, even by a mixture of all anti‐Ia antibodies.The data indicate that (a) in primary mixed lymphocyte reaction lymphocyte proliferation and IFN‐γ production are triggered by the same Ia specificities coded by the I‐A subregion and (b) in secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction, whereas lymphocyte proliferation is restricted to fewer determinants, IFN‐γ production shows a lower threshold of activation, being induced also by determinants ‘silent’ in primary mixed lymphocyte reaction.
An example of major histocompatibility complex‐linked control of idiotypic interactions
Authors: Holmberg Dan , Ivars Fredrik , Coutinho Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal euthymic mice, injected i.v. with low doses of syngeneic monoclonal antibodies carrying “recurrent” idiotypes, develop a specific increase in numbers of splenic IgM plaque‐forming cells that are paratopically and idiotypically similar to the injected antibody. We have now studied the responsiveness to a C57BL/6 anti‐dextran α(1 → 6) and BALB/c anti‐TNP (trinitrophenyl) monoclonal antibodies in a variety of strains. It was found that such responses are controlled by two linkage groups, namely major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and Ig‐1.
Immunosuppression caused by antigen feeding II. Suppressor T cells mask Peyer's patch B cell priming to orally administered antigen
Authors: Macdonald Thomas Thornton 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeyer's patch (PP) cells transferred into sublethally irradiated recipients generated substantial IgM, IgG and IgA anti‐sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque‐forming cell (PFC) responses in the recipient spleen. If donor mice were given SRBC orally for 4–5 weeks prior to transfer, the adoptively transferred PP IgG and IgA responses were considerably suppressed, although the IgM responses were often unaffected. Co‐injection of PP cells from antigen‐fed mice with PP cells from normal mice resulted in marked suppression of the normal PP IgG and IgA response. However, treatment of PP cells from antigen‐fed mice with anti‐Thy‐1.2 plus complement prior to cotransfer completely abrogated suppression of the IgG PFC response and partially abrogated the suppressed IgA response. B cells from the PP of antigen‐fed mice, when transferred into SRBC‐primed irradiated recipients (to provide T cell help) generated 2–3 times more IgG and IgA PFC than comparable numbers of B cells from the PP of normal mice. Thus antigen feeding generates suppressor T cells in PP which can mask the expression of B cell priming to orally administered antigen.
Thymic reticulum in mice II. Culture and characterization of nonepithelial phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum: Their role in the syngeneic stimulation of thymic medullary lymphocytes
Authors: Papiernik Martine , Nabarra Bernadette , Savino Wilson , Pontoux Christiane , Barbey Sylvette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present report the characteristics of nonepithelial phagocytic cells of the murine thymic reticulum are described. Primary cultures were established from thymic fragments. Nonadherent cel s with hairy membranes proliferated on the surface of established primary monolayers. These cells were recovered and replated in secondary cultures were they appeared as large adherent cells with dendritic shape. At the electron microscopic level, phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum in culture (P‐TR‐C) appear as clear vacuolated cells with an indented nucleus and few lysosomes; this morphological aspect makes them different from the common macrophage, despite their phagocytic capacity. P‐TR‐C are positive for nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase which is found in the few lysosomes present, 5′‐nucleotidase and α‐D‐mannosidase, but negative for peroxidase. A high proportion of α‐mannosidase‐positive cells is inconsistent with the common macrophage, but in common with other cells with dendritic shape such as Langerhans cells. They are Thy‐1−, Ig− and nearly half of them are IA+. P‐TR‐C can be defined as the stimulator cells for syngeneic stimulation; they are able to induce the proliferation of lymphocytes enriched in mature syngeneic medullary thymocytes, but not in immature cortical ones. Characteristics of P‐TR‐C make them very similar to the interdigitating cells described in the peripheral lymphoid organs and in the thymus in situ.
Differential expression of HLA‐DR and DR‐linked determinants on human leukemias and lymphoid cells
Authors: Newman Roland A. , Delia Domenico , Greaves Melvyn F. , Navarrete Christina , Fainboim Leonardo , Festenstein Hilliard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukemic and normal hemopoietic cells were examined with the monoclonal antibodies DA2 and Genox 353 for the presence of HLA‐DR and DR‐linked (DC/MB) determinants, respectively. Although most non‐T acute leukemias and leukemic cell lines expressed the monomorphic DR determinant detected by DA2, fewer than expected expressed the DR‐linked polymorphic specificity detected by Genox 353. TdT+ lymphoid precursors from normal bone marrow were also DA2+ but Genox 353−. T cells and thymocytes which were DA2−, Genox 353− became DA2+, Genox 353+ after activation in vitro.Immunoprecipitation using DA2 and Genox 353 gave bands on polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis which were of different molecular weights. In addition, DA2 could absorb out Genox 353 determinants from a cell lysate whereas Genox 353 could not absorb out DA2 determinants. It is concluded that DA2 and Genox 353 detect HLA‐DR and DR‐linked (DC1/MB1) determinants, respectively, and that these are differentially expressed on hemopoietic cells during differentiation.
Flow microfluorometric analysis of mouse thymus development in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Ceredig Rhodri , MacDonald H. Robson , Jenkinson Eric J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe phenotypic properties of lymphoid cells in the developing embryonic thymus were characterized using monoclonal antibodies and flow microfluorometry. CBA/J‐T6/T6 thymocytes stained with antibodies directed against Thy‐1.2, Lyt‐1, Lyt‐2 or H‐2Kk were simultaneously analyzed for fluorescence intensity and forward light scatter (FLS), a cell size‐related parameter. Whereas Thy‐1 and Lyt‐1 antigens were already present on 15‐day fetal thymocytes, Lyt‐2 expression was first detectable on day 16 and increased rapidly thereafter to reach adult levels by day 19. Concomitant with these phenotypic changes, rapid changes in FLS occurred during this time period. The FLS distribution of Lyt‐2+ cells was initially homogeneously high (day 16) but became biphasic at days 17–18. Thereafter, the lower FLS subpopulation predominated. FLS changes in Lyt‐2− cells could be dissociated kinetically from changes in the Lyt‐2+ subpopulation. Thus high FLS Lyt‐2− cells were the predominant subpopulation throughout the entire fetal period and could still be detected after birth, when a population with lower FLS first appeared. The embryonic thymus developing in vivo was then compared with the 13‐day embryonic thymus maintained for 14 days in an in vitro organ culture system. Based on a combination of fluorescence and FLS analysis, the organ‐cultured thymus appeared to share certain phenotypic properties with the 18–19 day in vivo developing thymus.
B lymphocyte activation: Entry into cell cycle is accompanied by decreased expression of IgD but not IgM
Authors: Monroe John G. , Havran Wendy L. , Cambier John C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo gain insight into the function of cell surface IgM (sIgM) and IgD (sIgD), the expression of these markers on B lymphocytes was quantitated during activation and progression through the cell cycle. Specifically, analysis and correlation of changes in cell cycle state, sIgM and sIgD expression and cell size following exposure of murine B cells to mitogenic levels of lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulfate is reported. As assessed by flow cytometric acridine orange analysis, a large proportion of normal splenic B cells respond within 48 h of exposure to these mitogens by entry into the cell cycle. This response is accompanied by an increase in cell size as determined by flow cytometric “time of flight” measurement. Flow cytometric immunofluorescence analysis reveals a simultaneous alteration in sIg expression. Specifically, cells leaving G0 and transiting G1 increase in diameter from 5 μm to 6 μm and lose > 80% of sIgD while sIgM remains constant. Progression through the remainder of the cell cycle is accompanied by a further increase in mean cell diameter to approximately 12 μm while sIgM and sIgD levels remain at G1 levels. The abrupt loss of sIgD as cells transit G1 suggests that an active process mediates this decrease.
Interferon‐γ production by Listeria monocytogenes‐specific T cells active in cellular antibacterial immunity
Authors: Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Hahn Helmut , Berger Rudolf , Kirchner Holger 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCultures of peritoneal exudate T lymphocyte‐enriched cells (PETLEC) from Listeria monocytogenes‐immune mice, antigen‐presenting cells (APC) and heat‐killed L. monocytogenes produced high amounts of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). High IFN titers were also observed after stimulation of L. monocytogenes‐immune cell cultures with the T cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. L. monocytogenes‐immune PETLEC produced several fold higher IFN titers than normal cell cultures in response to mitogen and antigen. Under both circumstances, APC were required for optimum responses. L. monocytogenes‐immune PETLEC participating in IFN production were Lyt 1+23−. IFN‐γ was also produced in cultures of cloned L. monocytogenes‐specific T cells. Since the same T cell clone showed antigen‐specific proliferative responses and interleukin production in vitro, and could adoptively mediate delayed‐type hypersensitivity and anti‐listerial protection in vivo, it is suggested that IFN production is a function of specific T cells active in cellular antibacterial immunity.