bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Sports Practice in Childhood and Adolescence with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Adulthood: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study
Authors: Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro , Tebar William R. , Mota Jorge , Delfino Leandro D. , Santos Amanda B. , Ritti-Dias Raphael M. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Ferrari Gerson , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Practicing sports during childhood and adolescence provides benefits to cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) at these stages of life. However, it is not known whether these benefits to CAM persist into adulthood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the association of early sports practice (sports practice in childhood and/or adolescence) with CAM in adult life, regardless of habitual moderate-to-vigorous PA.

Methods
The sample of the present study consisted of 242 adults (141 women and 101 men; age: 41.99 ± 16.24). The assessment of CAM was performed using heart rate variability indices. Sports practice in childhood and adolescence was assessed using a questionnaire. The intensity of physical activity was assessed using accelerometry. To analyze the association between previous sports practice (childhood and/or adolescence) and CAM, the Generalized Linear Model was adopted, considering CAM indices as continuous variables and early sports practice as a 3-fold factor (no sports practice; sports practice in childhood or adolescence; and sports practice in both childhood and adolescence) adjusted by sex, age, socioeconomic condition, and moderate to vigorous PA.

Results
Sports practice in childhood was associated with the average standard deviation of all normal RR intervals expressed in milliseconds (SDNN): β = 5.89; 95%CI: 0.25;11.52, and the standard deviation of the long-term intervals between consecutive heartbeats (SD2): β = 7.63; 95%CI:1.04; 14.23 indices. Sports practice in adolescence was associated in adulthood with the SD2 index: β = 7.37; 95%CI: 0.71;14.04. Sports practice in at least one of the periods (childhood or adolescence) was significantly associated with the square root of the mean square of the differences between adjacent normal RR intervals for a period of time expressed in milliseconds (RMSSD) (β = 8.86; 95%CI = 0.71;17.01), and the standard deviation of the instantaneous beat to beat variability (SD1) (β = 6.21; 95%CI = 0.45;11.97). Sports practice at both stages of life was significantly associated with better SDNN (β = 7.70; 95%CI = 1.16;14.23) and SD2 (β = 10.18; 95%CI = 2.51;17.85).

Conclusion
Early sports practice was associated with better CAM in adulthood, independently of the current physical activity level. Based on these findings, sports practice is encouraged from childhood and adolescence, for benefits to CAM in adult life.
Online compassion-based self-help for depression in people with skin conditions: a feasibility study
Authors: Clarke Elaine N. , Norman Paul , Thompson Andrew R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a need to develop psychological interventions for depression in people with skin conditions. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability, feasibility, and effects of an online compassion-based self-help intervention for depression in people with skin conditions.

Methods
Adult participants (n = 34) with skin conditions and mild-moderate depressive symptoms were invited to undertake a six-week, compassion-based online intervention for depression with email support. Engagement with the intervention was monitored, along with time spent facilitating the intervention, and participant feedback was collected each week and post-intervention. Pre-post changes in depression, self-compassion and dermatological quality of life were also assessed.

Results
The intervention was started by 25 participants and completed by 13. Feedback scores indicated that the website was evaluated positively and that the sessions had positive impacts on participants. Participants appreciated the skin-specific aspects of the intervention but varied as to which of the compassion-based exercises they found helpful. The online intervention was feasible to provide and facilitate, and treatment completers showed improvements in depression, quality of life and self-compassion.

Conclusions
The online compassion-based intervention holds promise as a treatment for depression in people with skin conditions. Recommendations are made for future research and further development of the intervention.

Trial registration
This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 21 October 2019, NCT04132973.
Incidence of pulmonary hypertension in COPD and its relation to inflammatory marker interleukin-1
Authors: Eissa Sherif Ahmed , Soliman Youssef Mohamed Amin , Essawy Tarek Samy , Elsayed Mostafa Mohammed Abdelrahman , Amin Nashwa Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Many COPD patients present with severe PH defined by a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) > 5 WU as measured by right heart catheterization (RHC), and inflammation is thought to be contributing strongly to pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD besides hypoxia. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is thought to be a major cytokine that may be involved in development of PH in these patients.

Objective
This study aimed to identify the incidence of PH in COPD and its relation to inflammatory marker IL-1.

Patients and methods
One-hundred COPD patients underwent echocardiography and serum IL-1 analysis, and patients with high probability of PH underwent pulmonary artery catheterization using Swan-Ganz catheter.

Results
The mean serum IL-1 level was 82 pg/ml ± 22 pg/ml (the normal IL-1 serum level is known to be 0:5 pg/mL), 51% of the participants were categorized as having a low probability of PH, 35% was intermediate, and 14% was high. RHC results were as follows: mild combined pre- and postcapillary PH was diagnosed in 14.3% of the patients. Mild precapillary PH was found in 42.9%, making it the most common type. Severe combined pre- and postcapillary PH was noted in 21.4% of the patients. Severe precapillary PH was present in 14.3%. A significant positive correlations were observed between serum IL-1 and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) (r = 0.409, P < 0.001), estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (ESPAP) (r = 0.508, P < 0.001), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (r = 0.410, P = 0.140).

Conclusion
Serum IL-1 is a potent predictor of a high probability of PH in COPD patients, and there was significant positive correlation between serum IL-1 and echocardiographic findings and PH probability and RHC findings in COPD patients.
Transition support for patients admitted to intensive treatment for anorexia nervosa: qualitative study of patient and carer experiences of a hybrid online guided self-help intervention (ECHOMANTRA)
Authors: Clark Bryan Danielle , Rowlands Katie , Macdonald Pamela , Cardi Valentina , Ambwani Suman , Arcelus Jon , Landau Sabine , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAdults with anorexia nervosa experience high levels of relapse following in-patient treatment. ECHOMANTRA is a novel online aftercare intervention for patients and carers, which provides psychoeducation and support to augment usual care.AimsTo explore patient and carer experiences of receiving the ECHOMANTRA intervention.MethodThis is part of the process evaluation of the ECHOMANTRA intervention as delivered in the TRIANGLE trial (ISRCTN: 14644379). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants randomised to the ECHOMANTRA (ten patients and ten carers). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts.ResultsFive major themes were identified: (1) Mixed experience of the intervention; (2) tailoring the intervention to the stage of recovery; (3) involvement of carers; (4) acceptability of remote support; and (5) impact of self-monitoring and accountability.ConclusionsParticipants were mostly positive about the support offered. The challenges of using remote and group support were counterbalanced with ease of access to information when needed. Components of the ECHOMANTRA intervention have the potential to improve care for people with eating disorders.
Substituting Carbohydrate at Lunch for Added Protein Increases Fat Oxidation During Subsequent Exercise in Healthy Males
Authors: Slater Tommy , Mode William J A , Bonnard Louise C , Sweeney Cian , Funnell Mark P , Smith Harry A , Hough John , James Ruth M , Varley Ian , Sale Craig , Betts James A , James Lewis J , Clayton David J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
How pre-exercise meal composition influences metabolic and health responses to exercise later in the day is currently unclear.

Objective
Examine the effects of substituting carbohydrate for protein at lunch on subsequent exercise metabolism, appetite, and energy intake.

Methods
Twelve healthy males completed 3 trials in randomized, counterbalanced order. Following a standardized breakfast (779 ± 66 kcal; ∼08:15), participants consumed a lunch (1186 ± 140 kcal; ∼13:15) containing either 0.2 g·kg−1 carbohydrate and ∼2 g·kg−1 protein (LO-CARB), or 2 g·kg−1 carbohydrate and ∼0.4 g·kg−1 protein (HI-CARB), or they fasted (FAST). Participants later cycled at ∼60% V̇O2peak for 1 hour (∼16:15) and post-exercise ad libitum energy intake was measured (∼18:30). Substrate oxidation, subjective appetite, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and acylated ghrelin were measured for 5 hours post-lunch.

Results
Fat oxidation was greater during FAST (+11.66 ± 6.63 g) and LO-CARB (+8.00 ± 3.83 g) than HI-CARB (P &lt; .001), with FAST greater than LO-CARB (+3.67 ± 5.07 g; P &lt; .05). NEFA were lowest in HI-CARB and highest in FAST, with insulin demonstrating the inverse response (all P &lt; .01). PYY and GLP-1 demonstrated a stepwise pattern, with LO-CARB greatest and FAST lowest (all P &lt; .01). Acylated ghrelin was lower during HI-CARB and LO-CARB vs FAST (P &lt; .01). Energy intake in LO-CARB was lower than FAST (−383 ± 233 kcal; P &lt; .001) and HI-CARB (−313 ± 284 kcal; P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Substituting carbohydrate for protein in a pre-exercise lunch increased fat oxidation, suppressed subjective and hormonal appetite, and reduced post-exercise energy intake.
Depression, Anxiety, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lee Iris T , Rees John , King Shakira , Kim Anne , Cherlin Tess , Hinkle Stefanie , Mumford Sunni L , Dokras Anuja 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at high risk of depression, anxiety, and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a key predictor of cardiovascular disease. The impact of depression and/or anxiety on MetSyn is unknown in this population.

Objective
To compare the risk of developing MetSyn in patients with PCOS with and without a history of depression and/or anxiety.

Methods
Retrospective longitudinal cohort study (2008-2022) with median follow-up of 7 years at a tertiary care ambulatory practice. Patients with hyperandrogenic PCOS and at least 2 evaluations for MetSyn ≥3 years apart (n = 321) were included. The primary outcome was risk of developing MetSyn. We hypothesized that this risk would be higher with a history of depression and/or anxiety.

Results
At the first visit, 33.0% had a history of depression and/or anxiety, with a third prescribed antidepressants or anxiolytics. Depression and/or anxiety increased risk of developing MetSyn during the study period (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.06, P = .04) with an incidence of MetSyn of 75.3 compared with 47.6 cases per 100 person-years among those without (P = .002). This was primarily driven by depression (aHR 1.56, 95% CI 1.10-2.20, P = .01).

Conclusion
Patients with PCOS and depression and/or anxiety have a high risk of developing MetSyn, with a stronger association between depression and MetSyn. Our findings highlight the urgent need for guideline-directed screening for depression and anxiety at time of diagnosis of PCOS as well as screening at subsequent visits to facilitate risk stratification for metabolic monitoring and early intervention in this high-risk group.
Obstacles to a Favorable Attitude Towards Reflective Practices in Preservice Teachers in Training
Authors: Barra Alejandra Nocetti-de-la , Pérez-Villalobos Cristhian , Philominraj Andrew 
Published: April 2024

<p style="text-align: justify;">Reflective practices have been recognized as a predictor of professional development because they favor teaching changes that improve the students’ learning. The expressions reflection, practice, and reflective professionals are very present in training programs, but with a diversity of meanings and interpretations. The concept of reflection is linked to professional development and teaching identity. The goal of training reflective teachers is shared on an international level, however, the educational conditions that favor a positive attitude toward reflection have not been sufficiently researched. This article aims to describe the obstacles to a positive attitude toward reflection in pedagogy students according to their teachers. This study is qualitative with an interpretive approach for which an instrumental case study was conducted with 15 university teachers in six Chilean regions. The results show that both inter-institutional conditions negatively affect attitudes, as well as the lack of models of reflective practice, insufficient teaching, the way teacher reflection is evaluated, and the barriers to reflective practice in schools. The results indicate the need to intentionally teach pedagogical reflection practices and help to recognize its benefits for teaching.</p>
Consumer Perceptions toward the Use of Reclaimed Wood in Secondary Wood Products
Authors: Craig Mia , Montague Iris , Shmulsky Rubin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reclaimed wood is a repurposed building material salvaged from old or abandoned buildings that offers a sustainable approach to using wood in communities. Although there have been some studies on reclaimed wood, there has been a limited amount linking reclaimed wood to consumerism. In August 2021, an online survey was conducted to gauge adult consumers’ knowledge of the wood products industry and their attitudes on reclaimed wood practices. Adult consumers are defined as individuals residing in the United States who are 18 years of age or older. Study results indicate that many respondents have little to no knowledge of reclaimed wood. Of the 1,516 respondents, only 44% have any knowledge of reclaimed wood. Most respondents are not aware that reclaimed wood is a separate sector in the industry. Caucasian men were the most knowledgeable of all respondents. Respondents believe that reclaimed wood is environmentally friendly, durable, and aesthetically pleasing and that there should be better marketing practices for reclaimed wood. Respondents’ top three reasons for purchasing reclaimed wood was to promote sustainability, for the aesthetics, and because there was a need. Respondents also acknowledge the importance of knowing where their wood products come from and believe that the reclaimed wood sector is very important.
Breastfeeding practices and social norms in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A qualitative study
Authors: Babakazo Pélagie , Piripiri Lina M. , Mukiese Jean-Marie , Lobota Nelly , Mafuta Éric 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Breastfeeding has many benefits for both mothers and children. The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. However, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, slightly under half of children under six months are exclusively breastfed. This study aimed to describe breastfeeding practices and to explore perceived social norms regarding breastfeeding among mothers in Kinshasa.

Materials and methods
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in Kinshasa from June to July 2013. This study purposively sampled 54 mothers of infants aged 6 to 12 months, who participated in six focus group discussions. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the discussion guide explored infant feeding in the first six months, knowledge of breastfeeding, perception of the feasibility of exclusive breastfeeding, and perception of the social norms with regard to exclusive breastfeeding. The content analysis approach was used to analyse data.

Results
Mothers had good breastfeeding knowledge; however, few of them had practised exclusive breastfeeding as recommended during the first six months. Exclusive breastfeeding was considered unfeasible in their context. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding were reported as baby’s cries, social pressure, warm climate, and poor maternal diet. Social norms were supportive of breastfeeding but unfavourable to exclusive breastfeeding.

Conclusion
In Kinshasa, mothers have a good knowledge of breastfeeding. However, few practise exclusive breastfeeding. Social pressure plays an important role in the cessation of exclusive breastfeeding before six months. In order to improve the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in this context, social and behaviour change programmes should target the entire population rather than mothers only.
Trends in hospitalisation for urinary tract infection in adults aged 18–65 by sex in Spain: 2000 to 2015
Authors: Redondo-Sánchez Jesús , Rodríguez-Barrientos Ricardo , de-Hoyos-Alonso Mª del Canto , Muntañola-Valero Cristina , Almendro Martínez Isabel , Peñalver-Argüeso Belén , Fernández-Escobar Carlos , Gil-de Miguel Ángel , del Cura-González Isabel 
Published: April 2024

Objective
To analyse trends in urinary tract infection (UTIs) hospitalisation among patients adults 18–65 aged in Spain from 2000–2015.

Methods
Retrospective observational study using the Spanish Hospitalisation Minimum Data Set (CMBD), with codifications by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). Variables: Type of UTIs (pyelonephritis, prostatitis, cystitis and non-specific-UTIs), sex, age (in 5 categories: 18–49 and 50–64 years in men, and 18–44, 45–55 and 56–64 years in women), comorbidity, length of stay, costs and mortality associated with admission. The incidence of hospitalisation was studied according to sex, age group and type of UTIs per 100,000. Trends were identified using Joinpoint regression.

Results
From 2000–2015, we found 259,804 hospitalisations for UTIs (51.6% pyelonephritis, 7.5% prostatitis, 0.6% cystitis and 40.3% non-specific UTIs). Pyelonephritis predominated in women and non-specific UTIs in men. The hospital stay and the average cost (2,160 EUR (IQR 1,7872,540 were greater in men. Overall mortality (0.4%) was greater in non-specific UTIs. More women were admitted (rates of 79.4 to 81.7) than in men (30.2 to 41). The greatest increase was found in men aged 50–64 years (from 59.3 to 87). In the Joinpoint analysis, the incidence of pyelonephritis increased in women [AAPC 2.5(CI 95% 1.6;3.4)], and non-specific UTIs decreased [AAPC −2.2(CI 95% −3.3;-1.2)]. Pyelonephritis decreased in men [AAPC −0.5 (CI 95% −1.5;0.5)] and non-specific UTIs increased [AAPC 2.3 (CI 95% 1.9;2.6)] and prostatitis increased [AAPC 2.6 (CI 95% 1.4;3.7)].

Conclusions
The urinary infection-related hospitalisation rate in adults in Spain increased during the period 2000–2015. Pyelonephritis predominated in women and non-specific UTIs in men. The highest hospitalisation rates occurred in the women but the greatest increase was found in men aged 65–74. The lenght of stay and cost were higher in men.
Investigating the association between diabetes and carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis approach
Authors: Sanjari Elaheh , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi , G. Khachatryan Lusine , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIn recent years, several studies have reported on the relationship between diabetes and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, due to their contradictory results, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate this subject.MethodsThis study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published in ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. Heterogeneity in the studies included in the meta-analysis was evaluated using statistical tests such as the Chi-square test, I2, and forest plots. Publication bias was assessed using Begg’s and Egger’s tests.ResultsThis investigation analyzed data from 42 studies conducted between 1985 and 2022, with a total of 3,377,816 participants. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio (OR) of CTS in participants with a history of diabetes compared to those without was 1.90 (95% CI: 1.64–2.21; P-value < 0.001). Given that publication bias was observed in this study (Begg’s test P-value = 0.01), the modified OR was calculated with consideration of missed studies, which was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.45–1.94; P-value < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that diabetic patients have 90% higher odds of developing CTS compared to non-diabetic individuals, which is statistically significant.
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections and associated factors among prisoners in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Kebebe , Ayalew Getnet , Million Yihenew , Gelaw Aschalew 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundGlobally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause considerable morbidity and mortality from their acute and chronic infections. The transmission of the viruses within the prisons is high due to overcrowding, and other risk behaviors such as drug use, and unsafe sexual practices. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV infections among prisoners in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gondar City Prison Center from May 1, 2022, to July 30, 2022. A total of 299 prison inmates were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral and prison related factors. Five milliliters of blood sample were collected, and the serum was separated from the whole blood. The serum was tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibody by using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data was entered using EpiData version 4.6.0 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between the independent variables and HBV and HCV infections. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of HBV or HCV infections was 10.4%. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections was 7.0% and 4.0%, respectively. It has been demonstrated that having several heterosexual partners, sharing sharp materials in prison, having longer imprisonment, and having a body tattoo are significantly associated with HBV infection. The presence of a body tattoo, a history of surgical procedures, and previous imprisonment are associated risk factors for HCV infection.ConclusionThe prevalence of HBV and HCV were high-intermediate and high, respectively. Therefore, preventative and control initiatives are needed in prisons to decrease the rate of infection and transmission.