bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Soft Tissue Volume in Association with Single‐Implant Restorations: A 1‐Year Comparative Study after Abutment Connection Surgery
Authors: Henriksson Kristina , Jemt Torsten 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Patients with buccal defects due to tooth extraction seem to regain some of the contour at the time of abutment surgery and connection of single‐implant crown restorations. It can then be assumed that different abutment systems could restore the buccal contour to different degrees.Purpose:To measure changes in buccal tissue volume after placing restorations with single‐implant crowns using two different abutment systems and to measure soft tissue change during the 1 year after single‐implant treatment.Materials and Methods:Eighteen patients were provided with single‐implant restorations in the central incisor area. Nine patients in each group were treated with single‐implant crowns supported by either CeraOne® abutments (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) or customized Procera® ceramic abutments (Nobel Biocare AB). Study casts were made before abutment connection, at crown placement, and after 1 year. After the casts were scanned, they were analyzed with a computer, using the model before abutment as a reference. In the area of the single implant, sagittal projections provided images of the models that allowed measurements between the contours at the different situations. Radiography and photography for measuring papillary volume were also performed.Results:All patients exhibited increased “buccal volume” after abutment connection and crown placement (p < .01). A trend to greater increase was observed for the Procera group. Both groups also showed a reduction of buccal tissue 1 year later (p < .05–.01), leaving on average more volume in the Procera group. The papillae recovered spontaneously, and no relationship was observed between the presence of papilla and underlying bone support (p > .05).Conclusions:The buccal tissue increased significantly after placement of the abutment cylinder and the implant crown. This increase of buccal contour was reduced after 1 year. Furthermore, no relationship was established between the presence of papillae and the distance between the contact point and the underlying bone crest.
Fixed Implant‐Supported Prostheses in Elderly Patients: A 5‐Year Retrospective Study of 133 Edentulous Patients Older than 79 Years
Authors: Engfors Ingela , Örtorp Anders , Jemt Torsten 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:An increasing number of elderly patients are treated with implants, but results for the elderly patient in terms of implant success and adaptation to implant prostheses are contradictory.Objective:To retrospectively study the 5‐year clinical and radiologic performances of fixed implant‐supported prostheses placed in edentulous elderly patients and to compare those results with the results of using similar prostheses in a control group of younger patients.Materials and Methods:The study group comprised 133 edentulous patients who were 80 or more years of age and who were consecutively treated with fixed implant‐supported prostheses between January 1986 and August 1998. Altogether 761 Brånemark System® implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were placed in 139 edentulous jaws. The control group comprised 115 edentulous patients who were younger than 80 years and who were treated consecutively from March 1996 to November 1997 with similar prostheses. In this group 670 implants were placed in 118 edentulous jaws. Information was collected from all postinsertion visits, including the fifth annual checkup, and changes of marginal bone levels were analyzed from intraoral radiographs.Results:The 5‐year cumulative survival rate (CSR) for implants in the maxilla was 93.0% in the study group and 92.6% in the control group; the corresponding CSRs for implants in the mandible were 99.5% and 99.7%. The most common complications for patients in the study group were soft tissue inflammation (mucositis) and cheek and lip biting (p < .05) whereas resin veneer fractures were the most common complications for the control group. Overall 5‐year marginal bone loss for the study group was 0.7 mm (standard deviation [SD], 0.45) in the upper jaw and 0.6 mm (SD, 0.50) in the lower jaw. Differences in bone levels and bone loss between the two groups did not reach significant levels (p > .05).Conclusions:Implant treatment in the elderly patients showed treatment results comparable to those observed in younger age groups. However, indications of more problems with adaptation could be observed and were reflected in more postinsertion problems. Cleaning problems and associated soft tissue inflammation (mucositis) as well as tongue, lip, and cheek biting were significantly more often observed among the elderly patients (p < .05).
A Three‐Year Follow‐Up Report of a Comparative Study of ITI Dental Implants® and Brånemark System® Implants in the Treatment of the Partially Edentulous Maxilla
Authors: Åstrand Per , Engquist Bo , Anzén Bengt , Bergendal Tom , Hallman Mats , Karlsson Ulf , Kvint Sven , Lysell Leif , Rundcranz Torgil 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Many longitudinal studies of different implant systems have been published but few controlled randomized investigations have been reported. A 1‐year report of a comparative study of ITI Dental Implant System® implants (Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland) and Brånemark System® implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) has been published by the present authors. This paper is a 3‐year follow‐up of that randomized study. Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of fixed partial prostheses supported by ITI or Branemark implants. The outcome was evaluated primarily in terms of survival rates and changes in marginal bone level. Material and Methods: The study group comprised 28 patients with anterior residual dentition in the maxilla. The patients were provided with two to four implants on each side of the dentition and were randomly allocated to Brånemark implants or ITI implants; 77 ITI implants and 73 Brånemark implants were inserted. After 6 months abutment connections were made to both ITI and Brånemark implants. All patients were provided with fked partial prostheses of gold‐ceramic. The patients were followed up annually with clinical and radiographic examinations for 3 years. Results: Two Brånemark implants and two ITI implants were lost. The Brånemark implants were lost before loading whereas the ITI implants were lost because of periimplantitis. The survival rate for both groups was 97.3%. The mean marginal bone level of the Brånemark implants was situated 1.8 mm from the reference point at both the baseline and the 3‐year examinations. The corresponding values for the ITI implants were 1.4 mm at baseline and 1.3 mm after 3 years. There was no significant difference between the implant systems with regard to bone level or bone level change. A steady state of the marginal bone level was calculated to have been reached after 3 years for 95.5% of the Brånemark implants and 87.1% of the ITI implants. Periimplantitis (infection including pus and bone loss) was observed with seven ITI implants but with none of the Brånemark implants. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were found between the implants studied, except for the frequency of periimplantitis, which was higher for the ITI implants. The survival rates were high, and the marginal bone loss was small for both systems.
Effects of Bleaching with Carbamide Peroxide Gels on Microhardness of Restoration Materials
Authors: CAMPOS INGER , BRISO ANDRÉ LUIZ FRAGA , PIMENTA LUIZ ANDRÉ FREIRE , AMBROSANO GLAUCIA 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe objective of this in vitro study was to quantitatively assess the effects of bleaching with 10 and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) on restoration materials by performing superficial micro‐hardness analysis. Acrylic cylindrical containers (4 × 2 mm) were filled with the following restoration products: Charisma (Heraues Kulzer, Vila Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Brazil), Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulzer), Vitremer (3M, Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil), Dyract (Dentsply, Petropölis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), and Permite C (SDI, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). Sixty samples were prepared of each restoration material. Twenty samples received bleaching treatment with 10% CP, 20 samples received bleaching treatment with 15% CP, and 20 samples were kept submerged in artificial saliva, which was replaced daily. The treatment consisted of immersion of the specimens in 1 cm3 of CP at 10 and 15% for 6 hours per day during 3 weeks, whereupon the test specimens were washed, dried, and kept immersed in artificial saliva for 18 hours. Then the test and control specimens were analyzed using a microhardness gauge. The Knoop Hardness Number (KHN) was taken for each test and control specimen at five different locations by applying a 25 g force for 20 seconds. The values obtained were transformed into KHNs and the mean was calculated. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by analysis of variance and Tukey test, p < .05. The means/standard deviations were as follows: Charisma: CP 10% 38.52/4.08, CP 15% 34.31/6.13, saliva 37.36/4.48; Durafill VS: CP 10% 18.65/1.65, CP 15% 19.38/2.23, saliva 18.27/1.43; Dyract AP: CP 10% 30.26/2.81, CP 15% 28.64/5.44, saliva 33.88/3.46; Vitremer: CP 10% 28.15/3.04, CP 15% 17.40/3.11, saliva 40.93/4.18; and Permite C: CP 10% 183.50/27.09, CP 15% 159.45/5.78, saliva 215.80/26.15. A decrease in microhardness was observed for the materials Dyract AP, Vitremer, and Permite C after treatment with CP at 10 and 15%, whereas no effect on either of the two composites (Charisma and Durafill) was verified.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe application of the carbamide peroxide gels at 10 and 15% did not alter the microhardness of the composite resins Charisma and Durafill. In situ and clinical studies are necessary to enable one to conclude that the reduction in microhardness of the materials effectively results in clinical harm to the restorations.
Bonding Characteristics of Self‐etching Adhesives to Intact versus Prepared Enamel
Authors: PERDIGÅO JORGE , GERALDELI SAULO 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study tested the null hypothesis that the preparation of the enamel surface would not affect the enamel microtensile bond strengths of self‐etching adhesive materials. Materials and Methods: Ten bovine incisors were trimmed with a diamond saw to obtain a squared enamel surface with an area of 8 × 8 mm. The specimens were randomly assigned to five adhesives: (1) ABF (Kuraray), an experimental two‐bottle self‐etching adhesive; (2) Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), a two‐bottle self‐etching adhesive; (3) One‐Up Bond F (Tokuyama), an all‐in‐one adhesive; (4) Prompt L‐Pop (3M ESPE), an all‐in‐one adhesive; and (5) Single Bond (3M ESPE), a two‐bottle total‐etch adhesive used as positive control. For each specimen, one half was roughened with a diamond bur for 5 seconds under water spray, whereas the other half was left unprepared. The adhesives were applied as per manufacturers' directions. A universal hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) was inserted in three layers of 1.5 mm each and light‐cured. Specimens were sectioned in X and Y directions to obtain bonded sticks with a cross‐sectional area of 0.8 ± 0.2 mm2. Sticks were tested in tension in an Instron at a cross‐speed of 1 mm per minute. Statistical analysis was carried out with two‐way analysis of variance and Duncan's test at p <. 05. Ten extra specimens were processed for observation under a field‐emission scanning electron microscope. Results: Single Bond, the total‐etch adhesive, resulted in statistically higher microtensile bond strength than any of the other adhesives regardless of the enamel preparation (unprepared = 31.5 MPa; prepared = 34.9 MPa, not statistically different at p < 05). All the self‐etching adhesives resulted in higher microtensile bond strength when enamel was roughened than when enamel was left unprepared. However, for ABF and for Clearfil SE Bond this difference was not statistically significant at p > 05. When applied to ground enamel, mean bond strengths of Prompt L‐Pop were not statistically different from those of Clearfil SE Bond and ABF. One‐Up Bond F did not bond to unprepared enamel. Commercial self‐etching adhesives performed better on prepared enamel than on unprepared enamel. The field‐emission scanning electron microscope revealed a deep interprismatic etching pattern for the total‐etch adhesive, whereas the self‐etching systems resulted in an etching pattern ranging from absent to moderate.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEFor the recently introduced all‐in‐one self‐etching dental adhesives, instrumentation of enamel may be critical for their ability to optimally bond to enamel.
Six‐Month Storage‐Time Evaluation of One‐Bottle Adhesive Systems to Dentin
Authors: GIANNINI MARCELO , MARCELINO CARLA ALESSANDRA , FIGUEIREDO ANDRE , FREIRE LUIZ ANDRÉ 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the 1‐week, 3‐month, and 6‐month performance of eight commercially available one‐bottle adhesive systems to dentin. Materials and Methods: Lingual and buccal surfaces from human third molars were ground wet on 600‐grit SiC paper to obtain a flat dentinal surface. The specimens were randomly divided into 24 groups (n = 10), which were established to measure the shear bond strengths of Bond‐1 (B1), ONE‐STEP (OS), OptiBond SOLO (OP), Prime & Bond 2.1 (PB), Single Bond (SB), STAE (ST), Syntac Sprint (SS), and Tenure Quick (TQ) after 1‐week, 3‐month, and 6‐month water storage at 37°C. One‐bottle adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' instructions and Z100 composite cylinders were applied on the bonded dentinal surfaces. The 3‐month water‐storage groups were thermocycled for 1500 cycles at 5°C and 55°C and 6‐month groups for 3000 cycles. After storage periods, specimens were tested in shear in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results: The changes in shear bond strengths were not uniform over time. Over the test period, OS, PB, SB, and SS exhibited bond strength stability, however, SS presented low bond strengths on all tested periods. A significant decrease in bond strength was observed for B1, OP, ST, and TQ after the 6‐month storage period.CLINICAL SlGNlFlCANCEBonding is only clinically significant if long lasting. Three one‐bottle adhesive systems presented remarkable stability over the storage period and thermal cycling regimen. However, decreased bond strengths were verified for the other bonding agents.
Transient Root Resorption after Dental Trauma: The Clinician's Dilemma
Authors: ANDREASEN FRANCES M. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe diagnostic shortcomings encountered in the clinical evaluation of pulpal and periodontal healing subsequent to trauma comprise a major problem in dental traumatology. An acute dental trauma may imply impact to the hard dental tissues and damage to the pulp and periodontium (including surrounding alveolar bone). In the case of luxation injuries, the trauma often results in rupture of the neurovascular supply at the level of the apical foramen, whereas in a root fracture, the same occurs at the level of the fracture. Conventional diagnostic criteria for pulpal status (coronal discoloration, loss of pulpal sensibility, tenderness to percussion, and radiographic change [i.e., resorption]) reflect, only indirectly, certain parameters of healing. These parameters are based empirically on clinical findings after dental caries and dental restorative techniques, where the pulp has an intact neurovascular supply apically. In these situations, long‐standing bacterial or chemical attack can lead to irreversible change. In contrast, following traumatic impact, a presumably intact pulp is deprived of its neurovascular supply instantaneously. In the absence of infection, events following acute dental trauma aim at either tissue repair or regeneration. Thus, based on a series of long‐term clinical studies, it was found that all conventional signs, with the exception of tenderness to percussion, could be signs of pulpal healing, as well as signs of pulpal death. Based on the results of these studies, this report discusses the significance of radiographic change (resorption) in relation to pulpal and periodontal healing following acute trauma. Moreover, implications of tooth luxation with respect to the long‐term prognosis following crown, crown‐root, and root fractures are discussed.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEWhenever possible, it is to the patient's advantage that pulp vitality be preserved. Correct diagnostic techniques and patient selection enable the clinician to decide when endodontic therapy is appropriate and when intelligent observation is the “treatment” of choice.
Evaluation of “Golden Proportion” in Individuals with an Esthetic Smile
Authors: MAHSHID MINOO , KHOSHVAGHTI ALIREZA , VARSHOSAZ MASOUD , VALLAEI NASER 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:One of the most important tasks in esthetic dentistry is creating harmonious proportions between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth when restoring or replacing these teeth. The “golden proportion” is a main guideline introduced in this field.Purpose::This study aimed to investigate the existence of the golden proportion between the widths of the maxillary anterior teeth in individuals with an esthetic smile.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted with 157 dental students (75 women and 82 men), with ages ranging from 18 to 30 years. Students whose natural smile did not develop any visual tension (see below) with regard to the study's and their own criteria were selected as having esthetic smile. An image measurement program was used to measure the apparent mesiodistal widths of six maxillary anterior teeth on the scanned photographs of these subjects. The existence of the golden proportion was investigated in the width ratios of maxillary anterior teeth.Results:The golden proportion was not found to exist between perceived maxillary anterior teeth widths of individuals with an esthetic smile.Conclusion:The golden proportion is not a common factor in esthetic smiles.
Temporary Crowns: Repositioning Key as a New Technical Approach in the Clinical Relining Phase
Authors: SIMEONE PIERO , MD ANDREA PILLONI. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTTo accomplish prosthetic rehabilitation, a series of important procedures must be followed to achieve the correct final prosthetic outcome. The protocol presented in this article proposes a different approach that involves relining the temporary crowns during the provisional phase by means of a repositioning key. This approach is especially useful for therapeutic provisional restoration in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders.
RESIN BOND TO DENTAL CERAMICS, PART II: HIGH‐STRENGTH CERAMICS
Authors: Blatz Markus B. , Richter Courtney , Sadan Avishai , Chiche Gerard J. , Swift Edward J. 
Published: October 2006

The popularity of high‐strength ceramic systems is increasing, and the range of their clinical indications is expanding constantly. Glass‐infiltrated aluminum oxide ceramic (eg, InCeram® Alumina, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), densely sintered aluminum oxide ceramic (eg, Procera® AllCeram, Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden), and zirconium oxide ceramic (eg, Procera AllZirkon®, Lava® 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, Cercon®, Dentsply Ceramco, Burlington, NJ, USA) are popular oxide‐based high‐strength ceramic materials that offer favorable esthetic characteristics, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Proper selection and application of luting agents for final cementation of all‐ceramic restorations are keys for their clinical success. The few clinical trials on full‐coverage, high‐strength ceramic restorations report acceptable success rates with conventional luting agents. However, an article discussed in Part I of this Critical Appraisal reviewed available in vitro and in vivo studies on this topic and recommended adhesive cementation of ceramic and even high‐strength ceramic restorations. These findings contradict many manufacturers’claims and clinicians’preferences because resin bonding is a technique‐sensitive and time‐consuming procedure. However, resin bonding has a number of advantages (eg, increased retention, improved marginal adaptation, and higher fracture resistance of the restored tooth and the restoration itself) and is required for some minimally invasive treatment options, such as resin‐bonded fixed partial dentures and laminate veneers.The resin bond to silica‐based ceramics is well documented (as discussed in Part I of this Critical Appraisal) and yields predictable and long‐term durable results through adequate surface preparation. Part II focuses on in vitro studies of the bonding interface of some popular high‐strength ceramic materials. Comparative clinical trials are lacking, and the few available in vitro studies indicate that the composition and physical properties of oxide‐based high‐strength ceramics require surface preparation and bonding techniques that differ substantially from those used for silica‐based ceramics.
Dentinal Bonding Reaches the Root Canal System
Authors: TEIXEIRA FABRICIO B. , TEIXEIRA ERICA C.N. , THOMPSON JEFFREY , LEINFELDER KARL F. , TROPE MARTIN 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTSeveral factors can contribute to the achievement of success with endodontic therapy. After an effective microbial‐control phase, an adequate canal and coronal filling will guarantee a high probability of success. Gutta‐percha has for many years been widely used as a solid material in root fillings associated with different types of sealers. Even associated with a sealer, this material it is not capable of preventing leakage, as has been shown in many studies. In fact, because of gutta‐percha's limitations, the seal of a coronal restoration may be as important as the guttapercha fill in preventing reinfection of the root canal. Although sealers can form close adhesion to the root canal wall, none is able to bond to the gutta‐percha core material. Upon setting, the sealer pulls away from the gutta‐percha core, leaving a gap through which bacteria may pass. This article describes a new thermoplastic, synthetic root canal filling material, whose design is based on polyester chemistry, that looks and handles like gutta‐percha. It is used in the same manner as most bonding systems. After the usual preparation of the root canal, a self‐etch primer is used to condition the canal walls and prepare them for bonding to the resin. The resin sealant is introduced in the root canal. It bonds to the primer and to the resin core material; thus, a “monoblock” is formed without the gaps typical in gutta‐percha fillings. Studies have shown that leakage of bacteria with this material is significantly reduced compared with gutta‐percha.