bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability Considerations of Flip Chip Components for Automotive Electronic Applications
Authors: Sugiyama Keisuke , Bansaku Isao , Tsuzimoto Naoharu , Tachikawa Iwao 
Published: June 2007

Electronic devices for automotive electronic applications have to be operated under extreme environmental conditions and therefore are required to have higher reliability compared with general electronic equipment. Recently automotive voltage regulators, ignition systems, etc. have been changing from mechanical constructions to electronic ones using thick film technology.This paper presents results that shows that our flip chip IC technology can satisfy the high reliability requirements of automobile electronics.
An abnormal ProC Global test result is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism independent of test sensitivity for protein C pathway abnormalities
Authors: Perez Patricia , Rapp Jocelyn , Adda Raphaël , Toulon Pierre 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe ProC® Global assay is a clotting assay primarily developed to globally evaluate the functionality of the protein C (PC) pathway. It was shown to lack both sensitivity and specificity for PC pathway abnormalities, i.e. factor V Leiden mutation, PC and PS deficiency. The hypothesis that an abnormal test result could be associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) was evaluated in a case-control study. The proportion of reduced response was significantly higher in cases than in controls [n=71/139 (51.1%) vs. n=28/147 (19.0%); p<0.0001] and the same applied after exclusion of those subjects with any PC pathway abnormality [n=53/119 (44.5%) vs. n=25/143 (17.5%); p<0.0001]. An abnormal ProC® Global assay result was significantly associated with thrombosis both in the whole population (odds ratio [OR]=4.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.61–7.53) and in those subjects without any PC pathway abnormality (OR=3.70, 95%CI=2.16–6.66). The ProC® Global assay result was significantly lower in cases with idiopathic VTE than in those with secondary VTE (p<0.0001). No significant difference was observed when cases were classified according to the presence or absence of recurrent episodes. Moreover, a reduced response was found to be associated with VTE both in subjects with normal or elevated factor VIII (FVIII) level. In vitro, FVIII was found to play a critical role in the ProC® Global assay result as suggested by the significant trend toward decreasing response with increasing FVIII levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that an abnormal ProC® Global assay result is associated with an increased risk of VTE independently of its sensitivity for PC pathway abnormalities.
The A/T1381 polymorphism in the A1-domain of von Willebrand factor influences the affinity of von Willebrand factor for platelet glycoprotein Ibα
Authors: Szántó Tímea , Schlammadinger Ágota , Staelens Stephanie , De Meyer Simon , Freson Kathleen , Pareyn Inge , Vauterin Stephan , Hársfalvi Jolán , Deckmyn Hans , Vanhoorelbeke Karen 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMany polymorphisms in vonWillebrand factor (VWF) have been reported and their association with VWF plasma levels or cardiovascular diseases has been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine whether the amino acid polymorphis mA/T1381 in the VWF A1-domain would affect VWF binding to platelet GPIbα. Sixty-one normal individuals were genotyped at the A/T1381 locus. Twenty-one A/A1381 homozygotes, 30 A/T1381 heterozygotes and 10 T/T1381 homozygotes were identified. Remarkably, when compared to VWF of A/T1381 and A/A1381 individuals, VWF of individuals carrying the T/T1381 variant showed an increased affinity for its platelet receptor GPIbα under static conditions, as reflected by an increased sensitivity to low concentrations of ristocetin or botrocetin. In addition, also the rVWF-T1381 demonstrated a higher affinity for GPIbα than rVWF-A1381. Interestingly, this enhanced affinity of the T/T variant over the A/T and A/A variant was, however, too subtle to affect platelet adhesion under physiological flow conditions, which fully corroborates the normal haemostatic phenotype of all individuals. We demonstrate that the VWF A/T1381 polymorphism plays an important role in inter-individual variability of the affinity of VWF for GPIbα, with T/T variants having a higher affinity than A/A and A/T variants, at least under static conditions in vitro. Further genetic linkage and association studies are necessary to establish whether the A/T1381 polymorphism could correlate with an increased risk of thrombotic events.
Investigation of Thr715Pro P-selectin gene polymorphism and soluble P-selectin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nagy Béla , Csongrádi Éva , Bhattoa Harjit Pal , Balogh István , Blaskó György , Paragh György , Káplár Miklós , Kappelmayer János 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIncreased levels of soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) have been shown in a number of different disorders, e.g. diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several studies have attempted to demonstrate the association of the most intensively examined variant of P-selectin gene polymorphism (Thr715Pro) with sP-selectin levels in healthy subjects and in CVD, but contradictory data have been reported.To clarify the effect of Pro715 allele on the sP-selectin levels in type 2 DM, we analysed this polymorphism in diabetic patients and compared these data with sP-selectin levels. Type 2 DM patients (n=119), 48 BMImatched non diabetic individuals – consisting mostly of overweight subjects – and 57 healthy volunteers were included in the study.TheThr715Pro polymorphism was analysed by PCR-RFLP, while sP-selectin levels were measured by ELISA. Significantly elevated sP-selectin levels were found in both DM and in overweight subjects compared to healthy controls. We confirmed previous reports that in healthy Pro715 allele carriers lower sP-selectin levels could be measured; however, this difference was only significant in case of lean subjects. No significant difference was detected in sP-selectin level among DM and overweight individuals according to this genotype. However, significant difference was observed in sP-selectin levels in older DM patients compared to younger ones,but these levels were not accounted for by the Thr715Pro polymorphism.We suggest that in type 2 DM individuals, the significantly elevated sP-selectin levels are not due to the Thr715Pro P-selectin gene polymorphism.
In-vitro profile and ex-vivo anticoagulant activity of the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and its orally active prodrug, dabigatran etexilate
Authors: Stassen Jean-Marie , Priepke Henning , Ries Uwe Joerg , Hauel Norbert , Wienen Wolfgang 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDabigatran is a reversible and selective, direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) undergoing advanced clinical development as its orally active prodrug, dabigatran etexilate.This study set out to determine the molecular potency and anticoagulant efficacy of dabigatran and its prodrug dabigatran etexilate.This was achieved through enzyme inhibition and selectivity analyses, surface plasmon resonance studies, platelet aggregation, thrombin generation and clotting assays in vitro and ex vivo.These studies demonstrated that dabigatran selectively and reversibly inhibited human thrombin (Ki: 4.5 nM) as well as thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (IC50: 10 nM), while showing no inhibitory effect on other platelet-stimulating agents.Thrombin generation in platelet-poor plasma (PPP), measured as the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was inhibited concentration-dependently (IC50: 0.56 μM). Dabigatran demonstrated concentration-dependent anticoagulant effects in various species in vitro, doubling the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and ecarin clotting time (ECT) in human PPP at concentrations of 0.23, 0.83 and 0.18 μM, respectively. In vivo, dabigatran prolonged the aPTT dose-dependently after intravenous administration in rats (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg) and rhesus monkeys (0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg). Dose- and time-dependent anticoagulant effects were observed with dabigatran etexilate administered orally to conscious rats (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg) or rhesus monkeys (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg), with maximum effects observed between 30 and 120 min after administration, respectively. These data suggest that dabigatran is a potent, selective thrombin inhibitor and an orally active anticoagulant as the prodrug, dabigatran etexilate.Footnote: Parts of this study were presented at the XVIII Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Paris, July 2001. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86 (Suppl): Abstracts P755, P763.Institution where work was carried out: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &Co KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany.
Vitamin K: The coagulation vitamin that became omnipotent
Authors: Cranenburg Ellen , Schurgers Leon , Vermeer Cees 
Published: June 2007

SummaryVitamin K, discovered in the 1930s, functions as cofactor for the post-translational carboxylation of glutamate residues. Gammacarboxy glutamic acid (Gla)-residues were first identified in prothrombin and coagulation factors in the 1970s; subsequently, extra-hepatic Gla proteins were described,including osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein (MGP). Impairment of the function of osteocalcin and MGP due to incomplete carboxylation results in an increased risk for developing osteoporosis and vascular calcification, respectively, and is an unexpected side effect of treatment with oral anticoagulants. It is conceivable that other side effects, possible involving growth-arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) protein will be identified in forthcoming years. In healthy individuals, substantial fractions of osteocalcin and MGP circulate as incompletely carboxylated species, indicating that the majority of these individuals is subclinically vitamin K-deficient. Potential new application areas for vitamin K are therefore its use in dietary supplements and functional foods for healthy individuals to prevent bone and vascular disease, as well as for patients on oral anticoagulant treatment to offer them protection against coumarin-induced side effects and to reduce diet-induced fluctuations in their INR values.
Les représentations sociales concernant la pluralisation religieuse en Suisse
Authors: Becci Irene , Bovay Claude 
Published: June 2007

English The authors of this article analyse the social representations of religious diversity in Switzerland and the expectations regarding the State in this sphere. Analysis of recent empirical data shows that the large majority of the population associates positively established churches with political power and expects the State to frame the social and political recognition of religious diversity. On the one hand, Christianity appears an important social, cultural, ethical and political reference for many people. On the other hand, the State is expected to regulate the ``other'' religions, in particular to limit the potential violence or destabilization that is commonly associated with them. According to the authors, this way of combining the religious and the political realm calls into question the privatization thesis and shows the need to rethink religious establishment when considering religious pluralization. French Les auteurs de cet article proposent une analyse des représentations sociales concernant la diversité religieuse en Suisse et les attentes à l’égard de l’état dans ce domaine. L’analyse empirique de données récentes montre que la grande majorité de la population associe positivement é glises établies et pouvoir politique, et attend de l’état qu’il encadre la reconnaissance sociale et politique de la diversité religieuse. D’un coté, le christianisme apparat comme une référence sociale, culturelle, éthique et politique importante pour une grande partie de la population. D’un autre coté, l’état est considéré comme le régulateur des ‘‘autres’’ religions, notamment pour limiter le potentiel de violence ou de déstabilisation sociale qui leur est associé. Selon les auteurs, cette manière de combiner religieux et politique questionne la thèse de la privatisation et pousse à penser conjointement pluralisation et établissement religieux.
The Limits of Inter-religious Dialogue and the Form of Football Rituals: The Case of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Authors: Sterchele Davide 
Published: June 2007

English The difficulties with interfaith dialogue are linked, at least in part, to the lack of ritual forms (consisting of rules, ceremonial idioms, liturgy, and repertoires of action) designed to unite and integrate the "meta-group "formed by the various religious communities. By means of ethnographic research conducted in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the author studied the mechanisms with which, under particular conditions, some forms of collective ritual were able to create opportunities for the re-integration of the Bosnian population, which had been profoundly divided after the terrible war of 1992–95. Comparing the forms of religious rituals and those of sports rituals–in particular, of football rituals–the author develops some considerations that can be applied to the general debate about inter-religious dialogue. The comparison brings to light some of the limits and difficulties that religious institutions encounter in giving life to an interfaith dialogue that directly and concretely involves the members of different communities. French Les difficultés du dialogue interconfessionnel sont liées, du moins en partie, au manque de formes rituelles (faites de règles, idiomes cérémoniels, liturgies et répertoires d’action) ayant pour but d’unifier et intégrer un ‘‘méta-groupe’’ d’individus qui appartiennent à des communautés religieuses différentes. A ` travers une enquěte ethnographique conduite en Bosnie-Herzégovine, l’auteur étudie les mécanismes par lesquels, dans certaines conditions, des rituels collectifs peuvent favoriser le processus de réintégration de la population bosniaque, profondément partagée suite à la guerre terrible de 1992–95. En faisant une comparaison entre rituels religieux et rituels sportifs, en particulier ceux du football, l’auteur développe des considérations qui peuvent s’appliquer au débat général sur le dialogue interconfessionnel. La comparaison montre certaines limites et difficultés des institutions religieuses lorsqu’elles tentent de mettre en place un dialogue qui engage directement et concrètement les membres des différentes communautés.
Juif et homosexuel, affiliations identitaires et communalisation
Authors: Gross Martine 
Published: June 2007

English How does one live a plural Jewish and homosexual identity, whose elements are in conflict? By means of a quantitative and qualitative survey—consisting of, on the one hand, an investigation by questionnaire distributed to the members and sympathizers of Beit Haverim, a gay and lesbian French Jewish group, and, on the other hand, interviews with religious homosexual Jews and testimonies collected through public discussion forums—it was possible to describe the variations of this dual identity of belonging. French Comment vit-on une identité plurielle affirmée, juive et homosexuelle, dont les éléments sont en décalage, voire en conflit? Une étude de terrain, quantitative et qualitative, constituée d’une part d’une enquěte par questionnaire auprès des membres et sympathisants du Beit Haverim, groupe juif gay et lesbien de France et d’autre part, d’entretiens avec des Juifs homosexuels religieux et de témoignages recueillis sur des forums publics de discussion, permet de décrire les déclinaisons de cette double appartenance identitaire.
The Myc-evoked DNA damage response accounts for treatment resistance in primary lymphomas in vivo
Authors: Reimann Maurice , Loddenkemper Christoph , Rudolph Cornelia , Schildhauer Ines , Teichmann Bianca , Stein Harald , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Dörken Bernd , Schmitt Clemens A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In addition to the ARF/p53 pathway, the DNA damage response (DDR) has been recognized as another oncogene-provoked anticancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis leading to apoptosis or cellular senescence. DDR mutations may promote tumor formation, but their impact on treatment outcome remains unclear. In this study, we generated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm)–proficient and -deficient B-cell lymphomas in Eμ-myc transgenic mice to examine the role of DDR defects in lymphomagenesis and treatment sensitivity. Atm inactivation accelerated development of lymphomas, and their DNA damage checkpoint defects were virtually indistinguishable from those observed in Atm+/+-derived lymphomas that spontaneously inactivated the proapoptotic Atm/p53 cascade in response to Myc-evoked reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, acquisition of DDR defects, but not selection against the ARF pathway, could be prevented by lifelong exposure to the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in vivo. Following anticancer therapy, DDR-compromised lymphomas displayed apoptotic but, surprisingly, no senescence defects and achieved a much poorer long-term outcome when compared with DDR-competent lymphomas treated in vivo. Hence, Atm eliminates preneoplastic lesions by converting oncogenic signaling into apoptosis, and selection against an Atm-dependent response promotes formation of lymphomas with predetermined treatment insensitivity.
Novel landmark-guided routes in ants
Authors: Collett T. S. , Graham P. , Harris R. A. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY
We review studies in which ants familiar with fixed routes between their nest and a feeding site are displaced from one of these destinations to an unfamiliar site away from the route. Ants can reach their goal from such novel release sites guided by distant landmarks. We suggest that an ant's ability to take such novel landmark-guided routes after displacement is a by-product of the robustness of normal route-following and is unlikely to reflect the ant's use of a map-like knowledge of its surroundings.
Kinematics, hydrodynamics and energetic advantages of burst-and-coast swimming of koi carps (Cyprinus carpio koi)
Authors: Wu Guanhao , Yang Yan , Zeng Lijiang 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYKoi carps frequently swim in burst-and-coast style, which consists of a burst phase and a coast phase. We quantify the swimming kinematics and the flow patterns generated by the carps in burst-and-coast swimming. In the burst phase, the carps burst in two modes: in the first, the tail beats for at least one cycle (multiple tail-beat mode); in the second, the tail beats for only a half-cycle (half tail-beat mode). The carp generates a vortex ring in each half-cycle beat. The vortex rings generated during bursting in multiple tail-beat mode form a linked chain, but only one vortex ring is generated in half tail-beat mode. The wake morphologies, such as momentum angle and jet angle, also show much difference between the two modes. In the burst phase,the kinematic data and the impulse obtained from the wake are linked to obtain the drag coefficient (Cd,burst≈0.242). In the coast phase, drag coefficient (Cd,coast≈0.060) is estimated from swimming speed deceleration. Our estimation suggests that nearly 45% of energy is saved when burst-and-coast swimming is used by the koi carps compared with steady swimming at the same mean speed.
Behavioral context-dependent modulation of descending statocyst pathways during free walking, as revealed by optical telemetry in crayfish
Authors: Hama N. , Tsuchida Y. , Takahata M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYCrustacean posture control is based on a complex interaction between the statocyst input and other sensory inputs as well as the animal's behavioral context. We examined the effects of behavioral condition on the activity of descending statocyst pathways using an optical telemetry system that allowed underwater recording of neuronal signals from freely behaving crayfish. A functionally identified statocyst-driven interneuron that directionally responded to body tilting without a footboard and to tilting of the footboard was found to show complicated responses depending upon the ongoing behavior of the animal when it freely walked around in water on the aquarium floor. The spike firing frequency of the interneuron increased significantly during walking. When the animal stood or walked on the tilted floor, the interneuron activity represented the tilt angle and direction if the abdomen was actively flexed, but not if it was extended. Two other statocyst-driven descending interneurons were found to be affected differently by the animal's behavioral condition: the spike activity of one interneuron increased during walking, but its directional response on the tilted floor was completely absent during abdominal posture movements, whereas that of another interneuron was enhanced during abdominal extension only, representing the tilt angle and direction. The results obtained in this study provide the first experimental demonstration that crustacean postural control under natural conditions is dependent on very fine aspects of the animal's locomotor behavioral context,suggesting far more complex control mechanisms than those expected from the experimental data obtained in isolated and fixed animals.
Effects of medullary Raphé stimulation on fictive lung ventilation during development in Rana catesbeiana
Authors: Belzile Olivier , Gulemetova Roumiana , Kinkead Richard 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY
To better understand serotonergic modulation of air breathing during bullfrog development, we measured changes in fictive lung ventilation frequency associated with focal stimulation of the rostral region of the medullary Raphé neurons. Electrical (3 to 33 Hz) and chemical(glutamate microinjections; 0.5 mol l–1, 0.3–10 nl)activation of Raphé neurons was performed in brainstem preparations from three developmental stages (pre- and metamorphic tadpoles and adult frogs). Fictive lung ventilation was recorded extracelluarly from the Vth and Xth cranial nerves. Electrical stimulation of Raphé neurons caused a frequency-dependent increase in lung burst frequency in pre-metamorphic tadpoles only. In metamorphic tadpoles, an increase in fictive lung ventilation was observed at 20 Hz only. Electrical stimulation had no effect in preparations from adult frogs. Glutamate microinjections elicited similar responses as a lung burst frequency increase was observed in the pre-metamorphic group only. Regardless of the stimulation technique used, the increase in fictive lung ventilation was attenuated by the selective 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron (5–20 μmol l–1). Results from immunohistochemical analysis of the Raphé region stimulated do not correlate with functional data as the number of 5-HT immunoreactive neurons within this region increases during development. We conclude that, in this preparation, stimulation of lung ventilation by the medullary Raphé is restricted to early(pre-metamorphic) stages.