bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical composition, Antimicrobial, GC-MS analyses and computational modeling of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) Seeds
Authors: Almuzaini Nujud A. M. , Sulieman Abdel Moneim Elhadi , Alanazi Naimah A , Alanazi Naimah Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Saudi Arabia has several fragrant, decorative, and medicinal plants with strong bioactivity. The current work examines the metabolite profiling of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracum L) ethanol extract for antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Additionally, a computer-supported study will determine the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity of the recognized mixes. The moisture, fiber, ash, protein, fat, and carbs in fenugreek seed were 4%, 6.50%, 3.20%, 28.55%, 4%, and 62.48%, respectively. Fenugreek seed flour had physiochemical properties like other edible oils. Aspergillus flavus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium were examined for fenugreek seed flour inhibitory activity. Seed oil was found to be highly antibacterial against all tested microbes. Antimicrobial activity was strongest against E. coli, with a 20-mm inhibition zone. The highest antibacterial activity was 100% inhibition against Aspergillus flavus. The computational modeling reveals that fenugreek compounds bind the TyrRS from S. aureus, the human peroxiredoxin 5, and aspartic proteinase from C. albicans with high binding scores that reach − 9.4 kcal/mol and established promising molecular interactions with some key residues, that satisfactorily explain the in vitro results. According to the study, fenugreek seed is an important antibacterial and antifungal agent for food preservatives and medicine.
Evaluation of Geographic and Clinical Differences of Acute Kidney Injury in Intensive Care Unit Patients in Turkey Running Head: AKI cases in intensive care units in Turkey
Authors: Yegenaga Itır , Gursu Meltem , Tuglular Serhan , Dursun Belda , Bardak Simge , Dogukan Ayhan , Bek Sibel , Onan Engin , Altun Eda , Derici Ulver , Tonbul Halil Zeki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: This is a subgroup analysis of previously reported study. The aim of this study to evaluate the acute kidney injury cases in intensive care unit (AKI-ICU) if there are differences in etiology, clinical courses, treatment and outcome in the different part of the country.
Methods: This subgroup analysis was carried on by Acute Kidney Injury Working Group of Turkish Society of Nephrology. Demographical and clinical data of AKI patients at the time of diagnosis, at the first week and first, third and sixth months were evaluated to determine patient and kidney survival and factors may be associated with prognosis.
Results: 126 AKI-ICU patient; 73 (57.9%) were men, the median age was 69 (IQR: 61.5– 79). Prerenal causes were more frequent (80%), namely dehydration, heart failure and sepsis.64.3% of patients had one renal etiology, nephrotoxin exposure being the most frequent (25%). 45,2% of patients needed kidney replacement therapy and 37,3% intermittant hemodialysis were performed. Continuous kidney replacement therapy were preferred only in the Marmara region. The regions were different significantly regarding the frequency and types of these treatments. At the sixth month of diagnosis, 17% of patients had complete, 19% had partial recovery, while end stage kidney disease ensued in 2% and 61% of patients died. Death rate was higher but not statistically significant in patients from south Anatolian Region.
Conclusions: The patients with dehydration, heart failure and sepsis and, nephrotoxin exposure should be alert. Being aware of the characteristics of AKI patients in their country would help to prevent developing AKI and treating better.
Assessment of a Dialysis Unit Compliance with the Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control Procedures in One of the Biggest Health Insurance Hospitals in Egypt
Authors: Fahim Samar Salah , Abdou Mamdouh Hanafy , Abdel-Atty Magda Mohamed , Hussein Mohamed Fakhry 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hemodialysis patients are at high risk of getting hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Effective environmental cleaning and disinfection measures are crucial to reduce the incidence of HAIs. Poor knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the healthcare workers towards infection control precautions could increase the rate of HAIs.
Objective:
The current study aimed to assess nurses' KAP regarding infection control measures in a dialysis unit and to evaluate the disinfection protocol effectiveness in the dialysis unit by assessing bacterial counts in the different environmental surfaces and machines.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the dialysis unit of one of the biggest health insurance hospitals in Egypt. An interview questionnaire and observational checklists were used to assess the KAP of nursing staff. Microbiological swabs were taken from the environment of the dialysis unit (before and after cleaning) to evaluate the disinfection effectiveness.
Results:
Twenty nurses agreed to participate in the research. The study revealed over 80% of the nurses had good knowledge (≥80.0% correct response), 85% had a positive attitude, 85% had fair practices, and only 5% had good practices. We found a significant positive correlation between nurses' attitudes and their years of experience. High bacterial counts were reported on the floors and doorknobs of the dialysis unit even after cleaning. The bacterial counts of the machines and nurse's counter reduced significantly after cleaning and disinfection (GM ± Log SD before cleaning and disinfection was 29.40±0.92 CFU/100 cm2 and 14.99±0.49 CFU/100 cm2 and after cleaning and disinfection became 23.83±0.94 CFU/100 cm2 and 8.68±0.10 CFU/100 cm2, respectively, (p<0.05)).
Conclusion:
Although most of the nurses in the study demonstrated good knowledge and a positive attitude toward environmental infection control precautions, their practices were not at the same level, so the bacterial counts were high on the floors and doorknobs regardless the cleaning process.
Exponentially Generalized Modified Weibull Distribution for the Skewed Dataset
Authors: Awopeju Kabiru Abidemi , Abiodun Alfred A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Using the exponentiated approach and three-parameter Weibull distribution as a baseline function, a newly generalized distribution called the exponentially generalized modified Weibull distribution was formed. The distribution was shown to be a proper density function using one of the properties of a proper probability density function. The statistical properties of the distribution were studied, and graphs of its probability density and cumulative density functions were plotted using varying parameter values. The stability of the parameters in the distribution was shown using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The superiority of the distribution was shown using real life data. It was concluded that the exponentially generalized modified Weibull distribution can be adopted in modelling events involving distributions of its category.
Underrepresentation of older Indian persons with cancer in clinical trials
Authors: Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay , Menon Nandini , Kolkur Manali , Peelay Zoya , Shah Minit , Mathrudev Vijayalakshmi , Shah Srushti , Nawale Kavita , Nair Nita S , Ramaswamy Anant , Ostwal Vikas , Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Agarwal J P , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Chopra Supriya , Murthy Vedang , Myatra Sheila N , Divatia Jigeeshu , Gota Vikram , Gupta Sudeep , Chaudhari Vikram , Jiwnani Sabita , Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Vaish Richa , Chaukar Devendra , Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Nair Sudhir , D’Cruz Anil , Oak Amey , Hawaladar Rohini , Chowdhury Oindrila Roy , Banavali Shripad , Badwe Rajendra , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose: Older patients with cancer have traditionally been underrepresented in global clinical trials. There are no data from India regarding this issue.
Material and methods: A retrospective analysis done at our institute on interventional studies conducted between 2003 and 2023 in adult patients with malignancies. We excluded studies done exclusively in pediatric population, and observational studies.
Results: We included 21,894 patients enrolled in 150 interventional trials from the Departments of Surgical, Medical, and Radiation Oncology, Anesthesia, and Clinical Pharmacology; 110 (73.3%) were investigator-initiated. There were 38 trials (25.3%) in breast cancer (6141 patients, 28%), and 33 (22%) in head-and-neck cancer (6975 patients, 31.9%). Studies were predominantly Phase III (97 trials [64.7%]). Multicentric studies comprised approximately a third (48, 32%). The median age of enrolled patients was 51 years (IQR, 43-59). There were 5132 (23.4%) participants aged > 60 years, 2678 (12.2%) > 65 years, and 1045 (4.8%) >70 years. Data from the hospital registry revealed that 30% of adult registrations were > 60 years. There was a significant increase in the proportion of older patients enrolled in clinical trials from 2003 (8%) to 2019 (22%) compared to their proportion in the hospital registry (stable at 28-29%); P<0.001.
Conclusion: Older Indian adults with cancer are underrepresented in interventional clinical trials, however this has improved over time. Various factors that limit recruitment of this vulnerable cohort like age-specific eligibility criteria are immediately actionable to make clinical trials more inclusive.
Evaluating Future Climate Extremes in the Guwahati Region: An Analysis of Temperature-Based Indices
Authors: Tiwari Suraj , Kashyap Priyam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of climate models, assessing their ability to simulate climate indices and applying the Mann-Kendall test across different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The analysis identifies nuanced strengths and weaknesses in various models, with CanESM5 demonstrating overall accuracy, Earth3-veg excelling in Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR), and limitations observed in Fogals-G3 and Miroc6. MRI-ESM2-0 exhibits lower overall accuracy, emphasizing inherent variability in modeling. The complexity of climate modeling is evident as none of the models consistently replicates observed values across all variables. The evaluation of vulnerability indices under SSP 585 conditions highlights diverse model projections, especially in temperature extremes like TX10p, TX90p, and TN90p. Mann-Kendall test results reinforce model-specific trends under different SSPs, emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation. Ongoing refinement is crucial for improved accuracy, stressing the necessity of a comprehensive understanding of model-specific outcomes to assess potential climate impacts under different scenarios. Furthermore, a dedicated examination of the Guwahati region focuses on temperature-based indices from 2015 to 2050, utilizing GCMs, downscaling models, and the Mann-Kendall test. This region-specific analysis, vital for water resource management and disaster preparedness, anticipates a rise in temperature and temperature indices, providing valuable insights for local planning and environmental protection.
Evaluation of Iraq’s National Plan to Control Hepatitis B Virus: Identifying Gaps and Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Jalal Mohammed A. , Etemad Koorosh , Karami Manoochehr , Namdari Mahshid , Al-lami Faris H. , Taher Taqi Mohammed Jwad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health concern in Iraq, necessitating a comprehensive study to understand the temporal and demographic patterns of incidence rates. This study explored gender disparities, regional variations across governorates, and age-related incidence rates from 2015 to 2022. Additionally, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the national HBV control plan, focusing on vaccination coverage, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, blood safety, diagnosis, and treatment.
Methods
This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design to analyze the descriptive epidemiology profile of HBV in Iraq. National-level data from 2015 to 2022 for different governorates are examined. The evaluation phase specifically focused on the Wasit governorate, which includes 24 primary health care centers (PHCCs) representing 50% of the total centers. Statistical tests, including t tests, ANOVA, and chi-square tests, were conducted using SPSS and Excel to identify significant patterns in the data.
Results
The incidence of HBV decreased from 8.3 per 100,000 people in 2015 to 3.5 per 100,000 people in 2022. Gender disparities consistently indicated higher rates among males, while significant variations were observed among the governorates. Age-related analysis revealed the highest incidence rates in individuals aged 15–45 and over 45 years. The national plan successfully achieved high vaccination coverage but faced challenges in preventing mother-to-child transmission and diagnosing viral hepatitis B. The evaluation scores for PHCCs varied, with 88% falling within the acceptable range.
Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of HBV in Iraq, highlighting declining incidence rates and significant demographic variations. Although there has been success in vaccination coverage, challenges persist in preventing mother-to-child transmission and achieving viral hepatitis B diagnosis targets. The evaluation of PHCCs indicates areas for improvement in healthcare service delivery. These findings offer valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy adjustments, ultimately aiding in effectively controlling and preventing hepatitis B in Iraq.
Research on 3D-Printed FGF2-PLGA/PLGA-nHA-BMP9 Biphasic Scaffolds with Sequential Delivery of FGF2 and BMP9 in Promoting Periodontal Ligament Cells’ Proliferation and Differentiation
Authors: Hou Yepo , Li Yuxian , Xiao Chan , Xu Meiyu , Zhao Guangye , Shu Qun , Yang Hui , Wang Chunfeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Traditional periodontal therapy primarily controls the progression of chronic periodontitis but falls short of fully regenerating periodontal tissues. Selecting suitable seed cells, growth factors, and ideal scaffold materials is crucial for maximizing periodontal tissue regeneration, a key factor in the success of periodontal tissue repair. This study involved constructing FGF2 chitosan nanospheres (single-shell packaging) and BMP9 chitosan nanospheres hydrogel (double-shell packaging) via an ion crosslinking method. By examining the surface morphology, particle diameter, drug loading rate, and encapsulation efficiency of these nanospheres, it was confirmed that they satisfy the criteria for nanomaterial sustained release carriers. Additionally, they effectively manage the initial "burst release" by enabling the controlled and gradual release of FGF2 and BMP9 over a specific period. The FGF2-PLGA/PLGA-nHA-BMP9 biphasic scaffold, developed using 3D printing technology in conjunction with the aforementioned nanospheres, was assessed for biomechanical properties and absorbance metrics such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus. The scaffold's cell adhesion and proliferation were evaluated using the MTT assay, while genes associated with fibroblast differentiation (SCX, Col-I) and osteogenic differentiation (Runx-2, ALP) were analyzed through qRT-PCR. The findings confirm that the 3D-printed FGF2-PLGA/PLGA-nHA-BMP9 biphasic scaffold possesses excellent biomechanical properties and biocompatibility. It effectively orchestrates the sequential release of FGF2 and BMP9 in distinct scaffold phases, synergistically enhancing periodontal tissue regeneration and maximizing the biological activity of FGF2 and BMP9.
Association of peripheral eosinophil count with chronic kidney disease progression risk: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ren Yan , Zhang Jinshi , Hu Xiao , Yu Rizhen , Tu Qiudi , Li Yiwen , Lin Bo , Zhu Bin , Shao Lina , Wang Minmin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Eosinophilia is common in renal diseases; however, the role of peripheral eosinophils in chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires further evaluation. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether an eosinophil count increase is related to the occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Methods: This single-center, observational, retrospective study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2018 in Hangzhou, China. The study included 3163 patients, categorized into four groups according to peripheral eosinophil count (PEC) quartile values (Q1 PEC, ≤0.0625×109/L; Q2, 0.0625–0.1223×109/L; Q3, 0.1224–0.212×109/L; Q4, ≥0.212×109/L). The main outcome was ESRD development during follow-up. We evaluated the relationship between serum eosinophil count, demographic and clinical information, and ESRD incidence. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between the PEC and risk of progression to ESRD. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared between Q1 and Q4 PECs using the log-rank test.
Results: A total of 3163 patients with CKD were included in this cohort, of whom 1254 (39.6%) were female individuals and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 75 [64, 85] years and the median (IQR) estimated glomerular filtration rate was 55.16 [45.19, 61.19] mL/min/1.73 m2. The median PEC was 0.1224×109/L (IQR, 0.0625–0.212). Among the 3163 patients with CKD, 273 (8.6%) developed ESRD during a median follow-up time of 443.8 [238.8, 764.9] days. Individuals in the highest PEC quartile had a 66.2% higher ESRD risk than those in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio, 1.662; 95% confidence interval, 1.165–2.372). The results from the Kaplan-Meier survival curves confirmed the conclusion.
Conclusions: Alongside traditional risk factors, patients with CKD and an elevated PEC are more likely to develop ESRD. Therefore, more attention should be paid to those patients with CKD who have a high PEC.
In situ evaluation of a new toothpaste formulation containing fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, and sodium trimetaphosphate on dental enamel demineralization and biofilm variables
Authors: Gonçalves Francyenne Maira Castro , de Almeida Eduarda Martins Fontes Cantarella , Hannig Christian , Quinteiro Julia Paião , Delbem Alberto Carlos Botazzo , Cannon Mark Lloyd , Danelon Marcelle 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This in situ study aimed to evaluate a new toothpaste formulation containing fluoride (F), casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on the process of dental demineralization and biofilm composition.
Materials and Methods
This crossover double-blind study consisted of five phases, in which 10 volunteers wore intraoral appliances containing four bovine enamel specimens. The cariogenic challenge was performed using 30% sucrose solution. Blocks were treated 3x/day with the following toothpastes: 1) Placebo (No F-TMP-CPP-ACP), 2) 1100 ppm F (1100F), 3) 1100F + 3%TMP (1100F-TMP), 4) 1100F + 10%CPP-ACP (1100F-CPP-ACP) and 5) 1100F-CPP-ACP-TMP. After 7 days, the percentage loss of surface hardness (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), F, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentration in the enamel was determined. The concentration of F, Ca, P and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) in the biofilm were analyzed.
Results
The addition of CPP-ACP-TMP to 1100F reduced %SH by 42% and 39% when compared to the 1100F and 1100F-CPP-ACP (p < 0.001); in addition, to a reduction in lesion body (ΔKHN) by 36% for the same treatments. The treatment with 1100F-CPP-ACP-TMP led to a significant increase in the concentration of F, P and Ca in the enamel and biofilm, and reduced the concentration of EPS (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Toothpaste formulation containing 1100F-CPP-ACP-TMP provided a greater protective effect against tooth enamel demineralization and significantly influenced the composition of the in situ biofilm.
Clinical Relevance: These results are promising and provide valuable insights for the design of further clinical trials.
Catalytic Dehydration of Lactic Acid to Acrylic Acid over Phosphorus Promoted and Alkali Modified ZSM-5
Authors: Syeitkhajy Ainur , Boz Ismail , Boroglu Mehtap Safak 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We have developed a selective and active catalyst for sustainable industrial production of acrylic acid (AA) from lactic acid (LA). The phosphorus-promoted and alkali-modified ZSM-5/P-Na catalyst exhibited the best performance, achieving 83% AA selectivity and 98% LA conversion. We have successfully demonstrated that the acid-base properties of the zeolite can be easily modified by adding a promoter during synthesis. To elucidate the structural and acid-base properties of the ZSM-5/P-Na catalyst, comprehensive analytical techniques were employed, including XRD, BET, FT-IR, ICP-MS, TGA, NH₃, and CO₂-TPD. It was found that the distribution of aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, and sodium species in the catalyst structure significantly affected its acid-base properties. Additionally, the alkaline treatment method used in this study caused desilication in the ZSM-5 zeolite structure. Desilication enhanced weak and medium acidity of the phosphorus-promoted ZSM-5 zeolite, while a high alkali concentration promoted mesopore formation. The results showed that the ZSM-5/P-Na exhibited not only higher selectivity and LA conversion but also a longer catalytic lifetime (50 hours) in the LA to AA reaction. Finally, an experimental design of the catalyst was developed to understand the optimal values of the important operational variables in the LA dehydration reaction.
Transition between cardiometabolic conditions and body weight among women: which paths increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases?
Authors: Baneshi Mohammad , Dobson Annette , Mishra Gita 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Previous studies investigated the association of body weight and hypertension with risk of incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Our aim was to estimate the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life for subjects with different progression patterns of overweight, obesity, and hypertension in mid-life. Using data from 12 784 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, a multistate model was used to study the progression pattern of multiple conditions over the life course: overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The cumulative incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease up to the age of 73 was estimated for women with different patterns of other conditions. The six most common paths and corresponding cumulative incidences for diabetes were overweight 5.1%, obesity 11.5%, hypertension 6.9%, progression from overweight to obesity 8.2%, overweight and hypertension 12.1%, and obesity and hypertension 36.8%. For women with diabetes and other conditions, the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease (heart disease or stroke) as the next immediate condition was 22.4%. The corresponding figure for women who only had a report of diabetes but did not have high body weight or hypertension was 8.3%. The higher risk of transition from healthy state to a cardiometabolic condition was associated with low education, income stress, smoking, not drinking alcohol (compared to low drinkers), physical inactivity, and high perceived stress. Women with obesity and hypertension in middle-age had a substantially higher risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease than women without these potentially preventable conditions.