bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Residual Rivaroxaban Plasma Concentration after Antagonization with Andexanet Alfa: A Difficult Task in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Mair Alexander , Huber Gilles , Studt Jan-Dirk , Spahn Donat R. , Kaserer Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe describe the case of a 38-year-old man with a history of chronic portal vein thrombosis who presented with abdominal pain after a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure. Under anticoagulation therapy with rivaroxaban, he experienced active splenic bleeding, leading to hemodynamic instability. Emergency interventions, including andexanet alfa and nanoparticle administration, successfully stopped the bleeding. However, routine tests showed persistently high rivaroxaban levels despite reversal with andexanet alfa. This case report shows that next to standard anti-Xa activity assay, high-performance liquid chromatography is as well unreliable in this regard. In contrast, viscoelastic tests might better serve as indicators of the efficacy of the reversal. The availability of modified anti-Xa tests is urgently needed, to monitor the effects of andexanet alfa reversal.
Innate Immune Response-Mediated Inflammation in Viral Pneumonia
Authors: Ni Weiwei , Wei Xin , Wu Rui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the intricate interactions between viral infections, specifically within the context of community-acquired pneumonia. We seek to shed light on the underestimation of viral pneumonia cases, utilizing advancements in molecular diagnostic testing.
Methods The investigation involves a comprehensive review of existing literature to explore the prevalence and impact of various viruses causing pneumonia in both children and adults. Our focus spans parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus, human metapneumovirus, and rhinoviruses in children and coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and influenza viruses in adults. The study further delves into the host's innate immune response, emphasizing the roles of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and other immune cells during viral infections.
Results The analysis reveals a substantial global burden of viral community-acquired pneumonia, estimating approximately 200 million cases annually in children and adults combined. This study underscores viruses' significant, previously underestimated role in causing pneumonia. Insights into specific viruses affecting different age groups and their prevalence in various geographical settings are provided.
Conclusion In conclusion, this review emphasizes the necessity of recognizing the substantial contribution of viral infections to community-acquired pneumonia cases. The host's innate immune response, mediated by PRRs, type I IFNs, and other immune mediators, is pivotal in preventing viral invasion and replication. The study accentuates the importance of continued research into understanding the innate immune mechanisms involved in viral infections and the resulting inflammation.
Imaging in the Causes of Secondary Hypertension: Unveiling the Hidden Culprits
Authors: Periaswamy Gopinath , Christopher Navya , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , Mangalakumar V. , Pulappadi Vishnu Prasad , Mahadevan Gowtham Sembagoundenvalasu , R. Sriman , R. Rupa , Mehta Pankaj , Cherian Mathew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSecondary hypertension refers to the cases of hypertension having a specific underlying etiology. Secondary hypertension can be further divided to endocrine or nonendocrine causes. Radiologists must accurately identify the secondary causes of hypertension, as many of them can be treated, and treatment can result in improved symptoms or resolution of hypertension. Secondary hypertension requires a thorough imaging investigation using ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy, and other imaging techniques to identify the underlying cause for optimal management.
Medical student advocacy and action: a student-led initiative to prevent firearm violence
Authors: Safeek Rachel H. , Udoh Karen , McGee Suzanne , Kodner Charles , Shaw Monica Ann , Sawning Susan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFirearm violence continues to substantially increase, yet medical education is largely devoid of firearm injury prevention efforts. We evaluated reactions to Gun Violence Prevention Week (GVPW) sessions to initiate a longitudinal curriculum. All 280 participants were invited to evaluate GVPW through post-session surveys and 158 responded; 77% (124/158) were medical students. One hundred nine participants reported no prior training. Themes from open-ended questions confirmed GVPW significance by noting importance of (1) advocacy/community, (2) personal narratives, and (3) skill-based strategies. Participants expressed need for further training. Future directions include required firearm violence prevention training for all medical students.
Optical-pump–terahertz-probe spectroscopy in high magnetic fields with kHz single-shot detection
Authors: Dastrup Blake S. , Miedaner Peter R. , Zhang Zhuquan , Nelson Keith A. 
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate optical pump–THz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy with a variable external magnetic field (0–9 T), in which the time-dependent THz signal is measured by echelon-based single-shot detection at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The method reduces data acquisition times by more than an order of magnitude compared to conventional electro-optic sampling using a scanning delay stage. The approach illustrates the wide applicability of the single-shot measurement approach to non-equilibrium systems that are studied through OPTP spectroscopy, especially in cases where parameters such as magnetic field strength (B) or other experimental parameters are varied. We demonstrate the capabilities of our measurement by performing cyclotron resonance experiments in bulk silicon, where we observe B-field-dependent carrier relaxation and distinct relaxation rates for different carrier types. We use a pair of economical linear array detectors to measure 500 time points on each shot, offering an equivalent performance to camera-based detection with possibilities for higher repetition rates.
Quantum cascade lasers as broadband sources via strong RF modulation
Authors: Cargioli A. , Piciocchi D. , Bertrand M. , Maulini R. , Blaser S. , Gresch T. , Muller A. , Scalari G. , Faist J. 
Published: March 2024

In this work, we demonstrate that in a regime of strong modulation, by generating pulses of the length of the order of a few cavity lifetimes (hundreds of ps), a broadband quantum cascade laser can be driven to lase on a bandwidth (250 cm−1) limited by the gain. In addition, the amplitude noise of the radiation was shown to be limited by the detector. A laser linewidth study has been performed under different operating conditions, finding values spanning from 20 to 800 MHz, indicating a trade-off between emission bandwidth, amplitude stability, and coherence. The pulsed intensity of the output arises from the gain switching dynamics of the laser, while the self-seeded nature of the emission is responsible for the low amplitude noise and the relatively narrow linewidth of the individual spectral lines of the multimode emission.
975 nm multimode semiconductor lasers with high-order Bragg diffraction gratings
Authors: Liu Zhenwu , Zhong Li , Liu Suping , Ma Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The 975 nm multimode diode lasers with high-order surface Bragg diffraction gratings have been simulated and calculated using the 2D finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm and the scattering matrix method (SMM). The periods and etch depth of the grating parameters have been optimized. A board area laser diode (BA-LD) with high-order diffraction gratings has been designed and fabricated. At output powers up to 10.5 W, the measured spectral width of full width at half maximum (FWHM) is less than 0.5 nm. The results demonstrate that the designed high-order surface gratings can effectively narrow the spectral width of multimode semiconductor lasers at high output power.
Emission and capture characteristics of deep hole trap in n-GaN by optical deep level transient spectroscopy
Authors: Sui Jin , Chen Jiaxiang , Qu Haolan , Zhang Yu , Lu Xing , Zou Xinbo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Emission and capture characteristics of a deep hole trap (H1) in n-GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) have been investigated by optical deep level transient spectroscopy (ODLTS). Activation energy (E
emi) and capture cross-section (σ
p) of H1 are determined to be 0.75 eV and 4.67 × 10−15 cm2, respectively. Distribution of apparent trap concentration in space charge region is demonstrated. Temperature-enhanced emission process is revealed by decrease of emission time constant. Electric-field-boosted trap emission kinetics are analyzed by the Poole−Frenkel emission (PFE) model. In addition, H1 shows point defect capture properties and temperature-enhanced capture kinetics. Taking both hole capture and emission processes into account during laser beam incidence, H1 features a trap concentration of 2.67 × 1015 cm−3. The method and obtained results may facilitate understanding of minority carrier trap properties in wide bandgap semiconductor material and can be applied for device reliability assessment.
Control of temperature dependent viscosity for manufacturing of Bi-doped active fiber
Authors: Duan Rui , Chen Jingfei , Ke Hao , Wei Tianxia , Zhang Ke , Li Xueliang , Feng Xu , Zheng Qiuju , He Zhixue , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bi-activated photonic materials are promising for various applications in high-capacity telecommunication, tunable laser, and advanced bioimaging and sensing. Although various Bi-doped material candidates have been explored, manufacturing of Bi heavily doped fiber with excellent optical activity remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, a novel viscosity evolutional behavior mediated strategy for manufacturing of Bi-doped active fiber with high dopant solubility is proposed. The intrinsic relation among the evolution of Bi, reaction temperature and viscosity of the glass system is established. Importantly, the effective avenue to prevent the undesired deactivation of Bi during fiber drawing by tuning the temperature dependent viscosity evolution is built. By applying the strategy, for the first time we demonstrate the success in fabrication of heavily doped Bi active fiber. Furthermore, the principal fiber amplifier device is constructed and broadband optical signal amplification is realized. Our findings indicate the effectiveness of the proposed temperature dependent viscosity mediated strategy for developing novel photonic active fiber, and they also demonstrate the great potential for application in the next-generation high-capacity telecommunication system.
Complexity of patients with mental healthcare needs cared for by mental health clinical pharmacist practitioners in Veterans Affairs
Authors: Jasuja Guneet K , Reisman Joel I , Miller Donald R , Ansara Elayne D , Chiulli Dana L , Moore Tera , Ourth Heather L , Tran Michael H , Smith Eric G , Morreale Anthony P , McCullough Megan M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The complexity of patients with mental healthcare needs cared for by clinical pharmacists is not well delineated. We evaluated the complexity of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD) in Veterans Affairs (VA) cared for by mental health clinical pharmacist practitioners (MH CPPs).

Methods
Patients at 42 VA sites with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or MDD in 2016 through 2019 were classified by MH CPP visits into those with 2 or more visits (“ongoing MH CPP care”), those with 1 visit (“consultative MH CPP care”), and those with no visits (“no MH CPP care”). Patient complexity for each condition was defined by medication regimen and service utilization.

Results
For schizophrenia, more patients in ongoing MH CPP care were complex than those with no MH CPP care, based on all measures examined: the number of primary medications (15.3% vs 8.1%), inpatient (13.7% vs 9.1%) and outpatient (42.6% vs 29.7%) utilization, and receipt of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (36.7% vs 25.8%) and clozapine (20.5% vs 9.5%). For bipolar disorder, more patients receiving ongoing or consultative MH CPP care were complex than those with no MH CPP care based on the number of primary medications (27.9% vs 30.5% vs 17.7%) and overlapping mood stabilizers (10.1% vs 11.6% vs 6.2%). For MDD, more patients receiving ongoing or consultative MH CPP care were complex based on the number of primary medications (36.8% vs 35.5% vs 29.2%) and augmentation of antidepressants (56.1% vs 54.4% vs 47.0%) than patients without MH CPP care. All comparisons were significant (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
MH CPPs provide care for complex patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and MDD in VA.
Risks of glaucoma among individuals with psoriasis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Li Shu-Hao , Cheng Chun-Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Psoriasis is a chronic systemic disorder with ocular involvement.

Objectives
To evaluate the risk of glaucoma among patients with psoriasis.

Methods
Participants in this cohort study were selected based on Chang Gung Research Database from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2012. Follow-up ended on 31 December 2017. The participants in the control group were matched with the psoriasis group by sex, age and index date with a 4 : 1 ratio. The hazard ratios of glaucoma were estimated using Cox regression analysis. We also evaluated the relationship between the risk of glaucoma and systemic therapies as well as phototherapy and topical corticosteroid in patients with psoriasis.

Results
In total, 6682 patients with psoriasis and 26 728 matched controls were enrolled. The study population was composed mainly of males accounting for 64.2% (21 445/33 410) of the study population. The psoriasis group had higher incidence rates than the control group for glaucoma (adjusted hazard ratio 1.405, 95% confidence interval, 1.051–1.879). Patients with psoriasis receiving psoralen–ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy for &gt; 200 sessions had an increased risk of glaucoma.

Conclusions
Patients with psoriasis had an increased risk of glaucoma. Long-term PUVA therapy raised the risk of glaucoma in people with psoriasis.
Tofacitinib ameliorates skin inflammation in a patient with severe autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis
Authors: Lin Yu-Chen , Hong Yi-Kai , Aala Wilson Jr F , Hitomi Kiyotaka , Akiyama Masashi , McGrath John A , Hsu Chao-Kai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with aberrant skin scaling and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Current treatments for ARCI are limited and suboptimal. We present the case of a 27-year-old man with ARCI resulting from a homozygous missense variant in TGM1. RNA-sequencing of lesional skin revealed aberrant Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription signalling, providing a rationale for innovative treatment with a Janus kinase inhibitor. We prescribed oral tofacitinib (11 mg daily) for 26 weeks. Rapid improvements in erythema and fissuring occurred within the first month. Sustained reductions in 5-D itch scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores were also observed. TEWL decreased for the first 10 weeks but increased thereafter. Tofacitinib downregulated inflammatory genes and pathways, while enhancing skin barrier markers. Moreover, transglutaminase 1 distribution was normalized although enzymatic activity remained deficient. This study suggests that oral tofacitinib may be a useful therapy to consider for patients with ARCI.
Increased Risk of New-Onset Parkinson’s Disease Following a Diagnosis of Retinal Vascular Occlusion: A 14-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Seung Hoon , Park Minah , Jeong Sung Hoon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Although the role of the vascular component in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease is widely accepted and retinal vascular abnormalities are commonly observed in Parkinson’s disease patients, evidence connecting retinal vascular disorders with the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease is limited. We aimed to investigate the association between retinal vascular occlusion (RVO) and the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease in people over 60 years using a nationwide cohort.

Methods
From the 14-year South Korean National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort, 11 210 incident RVO patients and 11 210 propensity scores, risk-matched controls were included. The incidence of Parkinson’s disease was estimated with a Poisson regression. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate the associations between RVO and the risk of Parkinson’s disease.

Results
The incidence of Parkinson’s disease was 664.4 cases per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 599.7–736.0) in the RVO cohort. Individuals with RVO had an increased incidence of Parkinson’s disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10–1.49). Increased PD risk was predominantly observed in retinal artery occlusion patients (HR, 1.53; 95% CI: 1.11–2.12), male patients (HR, 1.67; 95% CI: 1.29–2.17), and 5 years after diagnosis (HR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.10–1.93).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that a common pathophysiological pathway, such as vasculature changes, may exist between RVO and Parkinson’s disease. RVO may be one of the risk factors associated with future development of Parkinson’s disease. The nature of this association warrants further investigation.
Performance investigation of a V-trough concentrating agrivoltaic system based on spectral splitting
Authors: Liang Xiaomin , Hu Yue , Yao Yucheng , Lv Hui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy, a V-trough concentrating and splitting agrivoltaic hybrid system (VCSPVA system) is proposed in this paper, which transmits the red and blue spectral bands to crop field for photosynthesis conversion and concentrates the other bands to the solar panels for photoelectric conversion. Then, the power generation is completed with sustaining the crop growth, while the overall utilization efficiency of solar energy is improved significantly. The influence of key parameters is studied in detail. Results show that by adjusting trough angles, more reflected radiation can be received by the solar panels, minimizing the energy loss of the system. Through mathematical model establishment, the energy, economic and carbon emission evaluations of the proposed system are carried out. Consequently, the VCSPVA system has the highest annual efficiency of 16.96%, which is 39.15% and 45.93% higher than that of the traditional agrivoltaic system and photovoltaic-only system, respectively. Meanwhile, the net present value and carbon emission mitigation are $758680.99 and 0.25 t·m−2·a−1, respectively, which demonstrates a competitive option for dual land use and a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
A flexible high-throughput cultivation protocol to assess the response of individuals’ gut microbiota to diet-, drug-, and host-related factors
Authors: Zünd Janina N , Plüss Serafina , Mujezinovic Denisa , Menzi Carmen , von Bieberstein Philipp R , de Wouters Tomas , Lacroix Christophe , Leventhal Gabriel E , Pugin Benoit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe anaerobic cultivation of fecal microbiota is a promising approach to investigating how gut microbial communities respond to specific intestinal conditions and perturbations. Here, we describe a flexible protocol using 96-deepwell plates to cultivate stool-derived gut microbiota. Our protocol aims to address gaps in high-throughput culturing in an anaerobic chamber. We characterized the influence of the gas phase on the medium chemistry and microbial physiology and introduced a modular medium preparation process to enable the testing of several conditions simultaneously. Furthermore, we identified a medium formulation that maximized the compositional similarity of ex vivo cultures and donor microbiota while limiting the bloom of Enterobacteriaceae. Lastly, we validated the protocol by demonstrating that cultivated fecal microbiota responded similarly to dietary fibers (resistant dextrin, soluble starch) and drugs (ciprofloxacin, 5-fluorouracil) as reported in vivo. This high-throughput cultivation protocol has the potential to facilitate culture-dependent studies, accelerate the discovery of gut microbiota-diet-drug-host interactions, and pave the way to personalized microbiota-centered interventions.
Defining the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index of piperacillin/tazobactam within a hollow-fibre infection model to determine target attainment in intensive care patients
Authors: Wenker Suzanne A M , Alabdulkarim Najla , Readman John B , Slob Elise M A , Satta Giovanni , Ali Shanom , Gadher Nishma , Shulman Rob , Standing Joseph F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
It is important to optimize dosing schemes of antibiotics to maximize the probability of therapeutic success. The recommended pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index for piperacillin/tazobactam therapy in clinical studies ranges widely (50%–100% fT&gt;1–4×MIC). Dosing schemes failing to achieve PK/PD targets may lead to negative treatment outcomes.

Objectives
The first aim of this study was to define the optimal PK/PD index of piperacillin/tazobactam with a hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM). The second aim was to predict whether these PK/PD targets are currently achieved in critically ill patients through PK/PD model simulation.

Patients and methods
A dose-fractionation study comprising 21 HFIM experiments was performed against a range of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, doses and infusion times. Clinical data and dose histories from a case series of nine patients with a known bacterial infection treated with piperacillin/tazobactam in the ICU were collected. The PK/PD index and predicted plasma concentrations and therefore target attainment of the patients were simulated using R version 4.2.1.

Results
fT &gt;MIC was found to be the best-fitting PK/PD index for piperacillin/tazobactam. Bactericidal activity with 2 log10 cfu reduction was associated with 77% fT&gt;MIC. Piperacillin/tazobactam therapy was defined as clinically ‘ineffective’ in ∼78% (7/9) patients. Around seventy-one percent (5/7) of these patients had a probability of &gt;10% that 2  log10 cfu reduction was not attained.

Conclusions
Our dose-fractionation study indicates an optimal PK/PD target in piperacillin/tazobactam therapies should be 77% fT&gt;MIC for 2 log10 kill. Doses to achieve this target should be considered when treating patients in ICU.