bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A kóros hegek kezelésének és megelőzésének lehetőségei napjainkbanr
Authors: Kelemen Ottó , Kollár Lajos 
Published: November 2008

AbsztraktA kóros hegképződések etiológiája napjainkban is jórészt ismeretlen, különös tekintettel a keloidok kialakulására. A szerzők a hazai és a nemzetközi irodalom retrospektív elemzése, valamint saját eredményeik alapján foglalják össze a kóros hegek tapasztalaton alapuló kezelési és megelőzési protokolljait. A kortikoszteroidokat az 1960-as évektől kezdődően alkalmazták intralézionálisan a hipertrófiás hegek és a keloidok kezelésére. Ezt követte az 1970-es évektől a nyomás kezelés módszere, majd a következő évtizedben a polisziloxán-tapaszos módszer. A keloidok magas recidíva aránya miatt a különféle eljárásokat és a radioterápiát kombinálták, és ajánlottá vált a komplex kezelés. Az újabb, modern eljárásokat is – a különböző típusú lézereket, és a krioterápiát – bevetették a keloid ellen. Bővült a helyileg alkalmazható készítmények köre. A kutatás az elmúlt évtizedben újabb intralézionálisan adható szerek keresése és a genetikai vizsgálatok felé fordult. Fokozatosan kialakul az adjuváns és az alternatív eljárások helye is a protokollokban. Mivel megszületett az objektív és az általánosan elfogadott hegértékelő módszer, annak alkalmazása (az ún. Vancouver-klasszifikáció és pontrendszer) már lehetővé tette a kontrollált, randomizált tanulmányok végzését. Lehetséges a különféle terápiás protokollok hatásosságának prospektív vizsgálata, megfelelő utánkövetési idővel. A módszerek hatásosságának összehasonlítása azonban nehéz, mivel napjainkban még hiányzik egy-egy adott kezelési mód pontos terápiás eredményének meghatározása.
Prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer – 10 years experience
Authors: Káposztás Zsolt , Kalmár Katalin , Cseke László , Illényi László , Kelemen Dezső , Horváth Örs Péter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:In spite of the increase in radicality and extended resections, the prognosis of gastric cancer is very poor. Surgical resection is the only effective therapy. The morbidity and mortality of surgical interventions decreased during the last years.Method:The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic effect of different factors on survival of gastric cancer. A retrospective study of 483 patients with gastric cancer was performed. Data were collected from January 1993 to December 2002. There were 380 resections, 267 (70,2%) total gastrectomies, 93 (24.8%) distal resections and 20 (5.2%) proximal resections. Epidemiological factors, tumour and treatment related parameters were analysed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess survival and Cox regression analysis to evaluate the effect of prognostic factors on survival.Results:The rate of R0 resections was 73.4% for total gastrectomy, and 73% for distal gastrectomy. The five-year overall survival of the entire population was 26.08%, 36.2% of the resected patients and 69.05% of curative resections. In concordance with literature findings, radicality of resection, depth of tumour invasion and lymph node metastases proved to be the most powerful independent prognostic factors.Conclusion:Prognosis of gastric cancer can be remarkably improved by a complete resection of the tumour and its lymphatic drainage, even if extension of the resection is needed.
Változások a primer gyomor lymphomák kezelési stratégiájábanr
Authors: Tóth Imre , Nagy Zsolt , Barna Tibor , Szűcs Géza 
Published: November 2008

Absztrakt
A gyomor primer lymphomáinak kezelési stratégiája napjainkban a hatékony kemoterápiának és immunoterápiának köszönhetően változás alatt áll. Míg korábban az elsődleges gyógymód a sebészi reszekció volt és a kemoterápia csak mint ennek kiegészítése jöhetett szóba kuratív célból, addig ma ez a trend megfordulni látszik. A korai stádiumú kis malignitású MALT lymphoma – ha a beteg Helicobacter pozitív – 60%-ban meggyógyítható eradikációs kezeléssel. Totalis gastrectomiát vagy szubtotalis reszekciót D2 lymphadenectomiával II.1. stádiumig javaslunk, R1 esetben adjuváns kemoterápiával. Nagy malignitású gyomor lymphoma esetén a stratégia hasonló, azzal a kiegészítéssel, hogy II.1. stádiumban csak akkor van értelme a reszekciónak, ha biztosan R0 status érhető el. Ezeken kívül kemorezisztens betegeknél is indokolt a reszekció. Az előrehaladott esetekben a műtétnek nincs értelme, csak a szövődmények elhárítása lehet a cél. Sajnos a diagnosztikai nehézségek miatt gyakran csak posztoperatíve derül ki, hogy lymphomát operáltunk.
Jelen munkánkban 2000. január 1. és 2005. december 31. közötti 6 éves periódusban kezelt 38 primer gyomorlymphomás betegünk adatait dolgoztuk fel. Összesen 9 beteg került műtétre, reszekciós műtét 6 esetben történt. Műtét előtt csak 1 betegnél tudtuk, hogy lymphomát operálunk.
A tendencia az, hogy a kemoterápia, immuno-kemoterápia egyre nagyobb teret nyer a gyomor lymphomák gyógyításában. Saját anyagunk is ezt a változást tükrözi.
Egyszerűsített, gazdaságos laparoszkópos appendectomiar
Authors: Antal András , Pósa István , Varga József , Kovács Zoltán , Nagy Gábor 
Published: November 2008

AbsztraktA szerzők ismertetik a laparoszkópos appendectomia jelenlegi megítélését.Bemutatják a klippes appendix csonk zárással egyszerűsített műtéti technikát.Beszámolnak az első ötven műtétben szerzett kedvező tapasztalataikról. A műtéti technika az endolooposnál egyszerűbb, gyorsabb, az endoszkópos varrógépesnél lényegesen olcsóbb.Az eredmények alapján az ismertetett endoszkópos műtétet a hagyományos appendectomia értékes alternatívájának tekintik.
Kettős vese átültetés – egy lehetőség a transzplantációk számának növelésérer
Authors: Csapó Zsolt , Forgács Bence , Kahan Barry D. , Podder Hemangshu 
Published: November 2008

Absztrakt
A dializált betegek számának növekedési ütemét a transzplantációk száma, a donor szám lassú növekedése miatt nem tudja követni. A használható szervek számának növelésére a rokon és nem rokon élő donorok szervei használhatóak, valamint meghatározott feltételek mellett marginális donorok (extended criteria donors) veséi. Ezen utóbbi veséknél a megfelelő funkció eléréséhez a donor mindkét veséjének egy recipiensbe való beültetése szükséges.
A Texasi Egyetem transzplantációs osztályán két év alatt 5 betegnél végeztünk kettős vese beültetést olyan szervek felhasználásával, melyeket hagyományos transzplantációra egyik transzplantációs osztály sem fogadott el. A veséket egyoldalra, retroperitonealis feltárásból, a fossa iliacaba helyeztük.
A recipiensek átlag életkora 44.4 év volt, két beteg a magas immunologiai rizikó csoporthoz tartozott. A beültetés után mind az 5 betegnél azonnali veseműködést észleltünk. Az átlagos kórházban tartózkodási idő (6.25 nap) alatt a transzplantációt megelőző 1000µmol/l feletti átlagos szérum kreatinin szint 350 µmol/l-re csökkent. A glomerulus filtrációs ráta (GFR) 7 ml/percről 41 ml/percre emelkedett. Két betegnél zajlott, a vesefunkciót is lényegesen rontó akut rejekció. A kétéves követési idő alatt egyik betegünk sem igényelt hemodializist.
Összefoglalva, a kettős vese transzplantáció jó megoldásnak ajánlható. Úgy gondoljuk, hogy következetes és megfontolt szelekcióval olyan vesék – amelyek önmagukban nem volnának képesek megfelelő vesefunkció biztosítására – kettős vese beültetésként felhasználásra kerülhetnek.
Racism in the Chemotherapy Infusion Unit: A Nurse's Story
Authors: Schapira Lidia , Gordon-Rowe Leah , Martignetti Rosalba , Washington Deborah , Bartholomay Mimi , Greenberg Donna , Lathan Christopher , LaFrancesca Joanne , Lynch Thomas , Chabner Bruce 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Shortly before his death in 1995, Kenneth B. Schwartz, a cancer patient at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), founded The Kenneth B. Schwartz Center at MGH. The Schwartz Center is a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting and advancing compassionate health care delivery that provides hope to the patient and support to caregivers, and encourages the healing process. The Center sponsors the Schwartz Center Rounds, a monthly multidisciplinary forum where caregivers reflect on important psychosocial issues faced by patients, their families, and their caregivers, and gain insight and support from fellow staff members.
In this article a nurse relates her experience as caregiver for a patient who made repeated racially motivated comments. She reflects on her response and the support she received from her colleagues.
All-transRetinoic Acid Inhibits Type 1 Diabetes by T Regulatory (Treg)-Dependent Suppression of Interferon-γ–Producing T-cells Without Affecting Th17 Cells
Authors: Van Yang-Hau , Lee Wen-Hui , Ortiz Serina , Lee Mi-Heon , Qin Han-Jun , Liu Chih-Pin 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent derivative of vitamin A, can regulate immune responses. However, its role in inducing immune tolerance associated with the prevention of islet inflammation and inhibition of type 1 diabetes remains unclear.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We investigated the mechanisms underlying the potential immunoregulatory effect of ATRA on type 1 diabetes using an adoptive transfer animal model of the disease.RESULTS—Our data demonstrated that ATRA treatment inhibited diabetes in NOD mice with established insulitis. In addition, it suppressed interferon (IFN)-γ–producing CD4+ and CD8+ T effector (Teff) cells and expanded T regulatory (Treg) cells in recipient mice transferred with diabetic NOD splenocytes, without affecting either interleukin (IL)-17 –or IL-4–producing cells. Consistent with these results, ATRA reduced T-bet and STAT4 expression in T-cells and decreased islet-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells, suppressing their activation and IFN-γ/granzyme B expression. Depletion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells impaired the inhibitory effect of ATRA on islet-infiltrating T-cells and blocked its protective effect on diabetes. Therefore, ATRA treatment induced Treg cell–dependent immune tolerance by suppressing both CD4+ and CD8+ Teff cells while promoting Treg cell expansion.CONCLUSIONS—These results demonstrate that ATRA treatment promoted in vivo expansion of Treg cells and induced Treg cell–dependent immune tolerance by suppressing IFN-γ–producing T-cells, without affecting Th17 cells. Our study also provides novel insights into how ATRA induces immune tolerance in vivo via its effects on Teff and Treg cells.
Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity With Risks of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes in Men
Authors: Lee Duck-chul , Sui Xuemei , Church Timothy S. , Lee I.-Min , Blair Steven N. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter fitness) and various obesity measures with risks of incident impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a prospective cohort study of 14,006 men (7,795 for the analyses of IFG), who did not have an abnormal electrocardiogram or a history of heart attack, stroke, cancer, or diabetes.
RESULTS—Of the men, 3,612 (39,610 person-years) and 477 (101,419 person-years) developed IFG and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Compared with the least fit 20% in multivariate analyses, IFG and type 2 diabetes risks in the most fit 20% were 14 and 52% lower, respectively (both P &lt; 0.001). Men with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, waist girth &gt;102.0 cm, or percent body fat ≥25 had 2.7-, 1.9-, and 1.3-fold higher risks for type 2 diabetes, respectively, compared with those for nonobese men (all P &lt; 0.01), and the results for IFG were similar. In the combined analyses, obese unfit (least fit 20%) men had a 5.7-fold higher risk for type 2 diabetes compared with normal-weight fit (most fit 80%) men. We observed similar trends for the joint associations of BMI and fitness with IFG and those of waist girth or percent body fat and fitness with both IFG and type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS—Low fitness and obesity increased the risks of IFG and type 2 diabetes by approximately similar magnitudes. When considered simultaneously, fitness attenuated but did not eliminate the increased risks of IFG and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity, and the highest risk was found in obese and unfit men.
Effects of topical administration of 1% brinzolamide on intraocular pressure in clinically normal horses
Authors: GERMANN S. E. , MATHEIS F. L. , RAMPAZZO A. , BURGER D. , ROOS M. , SPIESS B. M. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryReasons for performing study: Only few drugs with limited efficacy are available for topical treatment of equine glaucoma.Objective: To evaluate the effect of topical administration of 1% brinzolamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) in clinically normal horses.Methods: Healthy mature horses (n = 20) with normal ocular findings, were studied. The IOP was measured 5 times daily (07.00, 11.00, 15.00, 19.00 and 23.00 h) over 10 days. On Days 1 and 2, baseline values were established. On Days 3–5 one eye of each horse was treated with one drop of 1% brinzolamide every 24 h immediately following the 07.00 h measurement. On Days 6–8 the same eye was treated with 1% brinzolamide every 12 h (07.00 and 19.00 h). Measurements on Days 9 and 10 documented the return of IOP to baseline values. Statistical analysis of the data was performed.Results: In the treated eye a significant decrease in IOP compared to baseline values was noted during both the 24 and 12 h dosing periods (P<0.001). During the once‐daily treatment protocol an IOP reduction of 3.1 ±1.3 mmHg (14%) from baseline was recorded. During the twice‐daily protocol a total IOP reduction of 5.0 ± 1.5 mmHg (21%) was achieved.Conclusion: Intraocular pressure was significantly decreased by 1% brinzolamide in a once‐daily and a twice‐daily treatment protocol in normotensive eyes. These findings suggest that brinzolamide might also be effective in horses with an elevated IOP.Potential relevance: This drug may be useful for treatment of equine glaucoma.
Diagnostic accuracy of digital photography and image analysis for the measurement of foot conformation in the horse
Authors: WHITE J. M. , MELLOR D. J. , DUZ M. , LISCHER C. J. , VOUTE L. C. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryReasons for performing study: Rigorous evaluation of practicable methods for the objective assessment of foot conformation has not been performed.Objectives: To assess the practicability, precision and accuracy of the process of obtaining measurements of horses' feet using photography and image processing software.Methods: Precision study: Lateral photographs of horses' feet were obtained twice by 2 veterinary surgeons (image acquisition ‐ IAc). Photographs were analysed by 2 masked veterinary surgeons on 2 occasions (image analysis ‐ IAn). Measurements were compared within and between operators for self and non‐self acquired photographs. Agreement indices (AIs) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated for the IAn process alone and for the combined IAc + IAn processes.Accuracy study: Measurements obtained from lateral photographs were compared with those obtained from lateromedial radiographs. AIs and 95% LOA were calculated for each measurement.Results: Precision study: Mean intra‐ and interoperator AIs for the IAn process alone were ≥0.90 while those for the combined IAc + IAn processes were ≥0.89 for all measurements. Similar mean AIs and 95% LOA were calculated regardless of image origin. The 95% LOA for hoof angle, heel height/toe height% and coronary band angle for all comparisons were within target values.Accuracy study: Mean AIs were ≥0.89 for all measurements. The 95% LOA for heel height/toe height% and coronary band angle were within target values.Conclusions: Excellent precision was identified within and between operators regardless of image origin. High levels of accuracy were also identified, especially for heel height/toe height% and coronary band angle, indicating that photography and radiography may be used interchangeably.Potential relevance: Acquisition and analysis of photographic images is an appropriate method for the objective measurement of foot conformation, both in clinical and research settings.
Early pathogenesis of equineStreptococcus equiinfection (strangles)
Authors: TIMONEY J. F. , KUMAR P. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryReasons for performing study: Little is known about entry and subsequent multiplication ofStreptococcus equifollowing exposure of a susceptible horse. This information would have value in design of intranasal vaccines and understanding of shedding and protective immune responses.Objectives: To determine entry points and sites of subsequent replication and dispersion ofS. equiat different times after intranasal infection or commingling exposure.Methods: Previously unexposed horses and ponies were subjected to euthanasia 1, 3, 20 or 48 h following intranasal inoculation with biotin labelled or unlabelledS. equiCF32. Some ponies were inoculated with suspensions of equal numbers of CF32 and its mutants lacking capsule,S. equiM‐like protein or streptolysin S. Others were infected by commingling exposure and subjected to euthanasia after onset of fever. Tonsils and lymph nodes were cultured forS. equiand tissues sectioned for histopathological examination and fluorescent microscopy.Results: Tonsillar tissues of both the oro‐ and nasopharynx served as portals of entry. Entry was unexpectedly rapid but involved few bacteria. Small numbers of organisms were detected in tonsillar crypts, in adjacent subepithelial follicular tissue and draining lymph nodes 3 h after inoculation. By 48 h, clumps ofS. equiwere visible in thelamina propria.At onset of fever, tonsillar tissues and one or more mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were heavily infiltrated by neutrophils and long chains of extracellularS. equi.MutantS. equilacking virulence factors were not seen in draining lymph nodes.Conclusions: Although very small numbers ofS. equientered the lingual and nasopharyngeal tonsils, carriage to regional lymph nodes occurred within hours of inoculation. This observation, together with visual evidence of intracellular and extracellular multiplication ofS. equiin tonsillar lymphoid tissue and lymph nodes over the following days, indicates involvement of potent antiphagocytic activity and failure of innate immune defences.Relevance: Future research should logically address the tonsillar immune mechanisms involved including identification of effector cell(s) and antigens.
OB‐cadherin cloning and expression in a model of wound repair in horses
Authors: MIRAGLIOTTA V. , LEFEBVRE‐LAVOIE J. , LUSSIER J. G. , THEORET C. L. 
Published: November 2008

Summary Reason for performing study: Horses suffer from a debilitating impediment in repairing wounds located on the lower limb that leads to the development of a fibroproliferative disorder (exuberant granulation tissue). This condition is a source of wastage since it often forces retirement from competition. Treatments that resolve or prevent this condition are still lacking, maybe due to deficient knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast conversion is an essential step allowing contraction during wound repair and is accompanied by an increase in OB‐cadherin expression. Objectives: To clone equine cadherin‐11 (CDH11) cDNA and to study its spatiotemporal expression profile during the repair of body and limb wounds, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the repair process. Methods: Cloning was by a PCR technique. Expression was studied in intact skin and in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6‐week‐old wounds of the body and limb. Temporal CDH11 gene expression was determined by RT‐PCR while OB‐cadherin protein expression was mapped immunohistochemically. Results: Equine CDH11 is a highly conserved gene and protein. mRNA was not expressed in equine skin whereas the wound repair process was characterised by a significantly higher expression in the thorax than in limb samples. mRNA expression pattern was paralleled by protein data as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: The data suggest that deficient OB‐cadherin expression in the first phases of wound repair contributes to the excessive proliferative response seen in horse limb wounds. Potential relevance: Future studies should verify the quantitative, temporal expression of this protein in order to provide the basis for targeted therapies that might prevent the development of EGT in horse wound repair.
The effects of maternal health and body condition on the endocrine responses of neonatal foals
Authors: OUSEY J. C. , FOWDEN A. L. , WILSHER S. , ALLEN W. R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary Reasons for performing the study: Chronic and acute alterations in maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy alter pancreatic and hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis function in the offspring, before and after birth. Little is known about these effects. Objective: To determine whether maternal nutrient restriction caused by natural infection with Streptococcus equi altered endocrine function in neonatal foals born from mares fed a maintenance or high plane of nutrition throughout pregnancy. Methods: Ten primiparous mares received either a diet to maintain moderate body condition score (Moderate, n = 5) or a near ad libitum feeding regime to maintain a high body condition score (High, n = 5) throughout pregnancy. All mares inadvertently became infected with Streptococcus equi in mid gestation and lost approximately 10% body mass. Results: Maternal insulin and glucose concentrations decreased (P<0.05) during, and one month following, the weight loss period. High mares weighed more (P<0.05) at parturition than Moderate mares; all foals were healthy. Gestational age, foal bodyweights, placental and clinical parameters after birth were no different between the 2 groups. Foal plasma cortisol and glucose responses to exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone and insulin, respectively, were similar for both groups. Insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance test were significantly higher (P<0.05) in foals from Moderate than High mares and compared with foals studied previously from healthy, well‐fed mares, suggesting that the β cell sensitivity to glucose was enhanced in Moderate. Conclusion: Acute nutrient restriction in mid gestation caused by maternal illness and inappetence, superimposed on a maintenance feed intake throughout pregnancy, enhanced insulin secretion to glucose in foals. Nutritional programming of pancreatic β cells, but not the HPA axis, appeared to depend on the level of nutrition before and after the weight loss period. Potential relevance: Disturbances in neonatal pancreatic β cell function programmed during pregnancy may predispose foals to metabolic problems in later life.