bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study concept of expeditious clinical enrollment for genetic modifier studies in Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy 1A
Authors: Xu Isaac R. L. , Danzi Matt C. , Ruiz Ariel , Raposo Jacquelyn , De Jesus Yeisha Arcia , Reilly Mary M. , Cortese Andrea , Shy Michael E. , Scherer Steven S. , Herrmann David N. , Fridman Vera , Baets Jonathan , Saporta Mario , Seyedsadjadi Reza , Stojkovic Tanya , Claeys Kristl G. , Patel Pooja , Feely Shawna , Rebelo Adriana P. ,   Inherited Neuropathy Consortium, Dohrn Maike F. , Züchner Stephan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCaused by duplications of the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common hereditary neuropathy. Despite this shared genetic origin, there is considerable variability in clinical severity. It is hypothesized that genetic modifiers contribute to this heterogeneity, the identification of which may reveal novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of clinical examination results from 1564 CMT1A patients sourced from a prospective natural history study conducted by the RDCRN‐INC (Inherited Neuropathy Consortium). Our primary objective is to delineate extreme phenotype profiles (mild and severe) within this patient cohort, thereby enhancing our ability to detect genetic modifiers with large effects.MethodsWe have conducted large‐scale statistical analyses of the RDCRN‐INC database to characterize CMT1A severity across multiple metrics.ResultsWe defined patients below the 10th (mild) and above the 90th (severe) percentiles of age‐normalized disease severity based on the CMT Examination Score V2 and foot dorsiflexion strength (MRC scale). Based on extreme phenotype categories, we defined a statistically justified recruitment strategy, which we propose to use in future modifier studies.InterpretationLeveraging whole genome sequencing with base pair resolution, a future genetic modifier evaluation will include single nucleotide association, gene burden tests, and structural variant analysis. The present work not only provides insight into the severity and course of CMT1A, but also elucidates the statistical foundation and practical considerations for a cost‐efficient and straightforward patient enrollment strategy that we intend to conduct on additional patients recruited globally.
The role of psychological ownership in linking decent work to nurses' vigor at work: A two‐wave study
Authors: El‐Gazar Heba E. , Shawer Mona , Alkubati Sammer A. , Zoromba Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionNurses' vigor at work profoundly impacts the quality of patient care. However, the determinants of nurses' vigor remain underexplored in the current nursing literature, and the mechanism through which these determinants exert their effects remains unclear.AimThis study aimed to elucidate the mediating role of psychological ownership in linking decent work to nurses' vigor at work.MethodsA two‐wave, time‐lagged study was conducted to collect data from 289 nurses working across three hospitals in Port Said, Egypt, between March and June 2023. Data were collected using the Decent Work Scale, the Psychological Ownership Scale, the Shirom–Melamed Vigor Measure, on an Introductory Information Form. Mediation testing was performed using structural equation modeling.ResultsDecent work was significantly associated with psychological ownership and vigor at work. Psychological ownership partially mediated the relationship between decent work and nurses' vigor at work.ConclusionDecent work practices are critical in fostering nurses' vigor while working, and psychological ownership plays a mediating role in this relationship.Clinical relevanceHospital administrators should value decent work practices, which could enhance psychological ownership, resulting in a potential improvement in nurses' vigor at work.
Intradermal injection of Cutibacterium acnes and staphylococcus: A pustular acne‐like murine model
Authors: Zhou Na , Sun Yanan , Ren Xing , Wang Yunong , Gao Xinyu , Li Lishuang , Ma Yuman , Hao Yu , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin 16S microbiome diversity analysis indicates that the Staphylococcus genus, especially Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), plays a crucial role in the inflammatory lesions of acne. However, current animal models for acne do not fully replicate human diseases, especially pustular acne, which limits the development of anti‐acne medications.AimsThe aim is to develop a mouse model for acne, establishing an animal model that more closely mimics the clinical presentation of pustular acne. This will provide a new research platform for screening anti‐acne drugs and evaluating the efficacy of clinical anti‐acne experimental treatments.MethodsBuilding upon the existing combination of acne‐associated Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) with artificial sebum, we will inject a mixture of S. aureus and C. acnes locally into the dermis in a 3:7 ratio.ResultsWe found that the acne animal model with mixed bacterial infection better replicates the dynamic evolution process of human pustular acne. Compared to the infection with C. acnes alone, mixed bacterial infection resulted in pustules with a distinct yellowish appearance, resembling pustular acne morphology. The lesions exhibited redness, vascular dilation, and noticeable congestion, along with evident infiltration of inflammatory cells. This induced higher levels of inflammation, as indicated by a significant increase in the secretion of inflammatory factors such as IL‐1β and TNF‐α.ConclusionThis model can reflect the clinical symptoms and development of human pustular acne, overcoming the limitations of animal models commonly used in basic research to study this situation. It provides support for foundational research and the development of new acne medications.
Interest convergence and the maintenance of racial advantage: The case of diversity in higher education
Authors: Starck Jordan G. , Hurd Kyneshawau , Perez Michael J. , Marshburn Christopher K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the major tenets of Critical Race Theory, the interest convergence hypothesis postulates that policies promising improvements for Black Americans are enacted only to the extent they advance White Americans’ interests. We elaborate and update Bell's argument by demonstrating that current diversity commitments in higher education are another example of interest convergence. First, we present empirical and theoretical evidence that ubiquitous approaches to diversity serve the psychological interests of White Americans more than those of Black Americans. Second, we advance a systemic framework for how social psychological processes intersect with normative ideologies in the law and in universities’ operations to facilitate the prioritization of White over Black interests. In so doing, our goal is to illuminate the primacy of White identity and power as fundamental to shaping American society's collective embrace of diversity.
Synergistic mechanism of steam blanching and freezing conditions on the texture of frozen yellow peaches based on macroscopic and microscopic properties
Authors: Xian Meilin , Bi Jinfeng , Hu Lina , Xie Yitong , Zhao Yinuo , Jin Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFreezing and blanching are essential processing steps in the production of frozen yellow peaches, inevitably leading to texture softening of the fruit. In this study, the synergistic mechanism of stem blanching, freezing conditions (−20°C, −40°C, −80°C, and liquid nitrogen [−173°C]), and sample sizes (cubes, slices, and half peaches) on macroscopic properties of texture, cellular structure, and ice crystal size distribution of frozen yellow peaches were measured. Blanching enhanced the heat and mass transfer rates in the subsequent freezing process. For nonblanched samples, cell membrane integrity was lost at any freezing rate, causing a significant reduction in textural quality. Slow freezing further exacerbated the texture softening, while the ultra‐rapid freezing caused structural rupture. For blanched samples, the half peaches softened the most. The water holding capacity and fracture stress were not significantly affected by changes in freezing rate, although the ice crystal size distribution was more susceptible to the freezing rate. Peach cubes that had undergone blanching and rapid freezing (−80°C) experienced 4% less drip loss than nonblanched samples. However, blanching softened yellow peaches more than any freezing conditions. The implementation of uniform and shorter duration blanching, along with rapid freezing, has been proven to be more effective in preserving the texture of frozen yellow peaches. Optimization of the blanching process may be more important than increasing the freezing rate to improve the textural quality of frozen yellow peaches.
Inverse relationship between HBV DNA levels and liver histopathological changes in immune‐tolerant CHB patients
Authors: Huang Deliang , Lai Huiyi , Zhu Zhibin , Yu Hong , Peng Jinghan , Chen Yuanyuan , Liao Xuejiao , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLimited data exist regarding the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and liver histopathological changes in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during the immune tolerant (IT) phase. In this study, we retrospectively analysed liver biopsy results from 150 adult IT‐CHB patients. The liver tissue necroinflammation and fibrosis were evaluated by the Scheuer scoring system. Multivariate logistic regression, smooth curve fitting, and segmented regression models were used to examine the association between HBV DNA levels and liver histopathological changes. A total of 26%, 30.67% and 42% of IT patients had significant necroinflammation (≥G2), significant fibrosis (≥S2) and significant histopathological changes (≥G2 and/or ≥S2), respectively. HBV DNA levels were independently and non‐linear inversely associated with significant necroinflammation and histopathological changes in IT‐CHB patients. Patients with HBV DNA levels <107 IU/mL had a higher risk of significant histopathological changes compared to those with levels >107 IU/mL. The findings were further confirmed by smooth curve fitting analyses, subgroup and sensitivity analyses. In segmented regression model analyses, the optimal DNA value for the lowest odds ratio of significant histopathological changes was 7.26 log10 IU/mL. A non‐linear inverse association between HBV DNA levels and significant histopathological changes in IT‐CHB patients. DNA 7.26 log10 IU/mL may serve as a potential cut‐off point to define a ‘true immune tolerant phase’ with minimal liver histopathological changes.
Upfront multi‐bipolar radiofrequency ablation for HCC in transplant‐eligible cirrhotic patients with salvage transplantation in case of recurrence
Authors: Boros Carina , Sutter Olivier , Cauchy François , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Nahon Pierre , N'kontchou Gisele , Ziol Marianne , Grando Véronique , Demory Alix , Blaise Lorraine , Dondero Fédérica , Durand François , Soubrane Olivier , Lesurtel Mickael , Laurent Alexis , Seror Oliver , Nault Jean Charles 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe aim to assess the long‐term outcomes of percutaneous multi‐bipolar radiofrequency (mbpRFA) as the first treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in transplant‐eligible cirrhotic patients, followed by salvage transplantation for intrahepatic distant tumour recurrence or liver failure.Materials and MethodsWe included transplant‐eligible patients with cirrhosis and a first diagnosis of HCC within Milan criteria treated by upfront mbp RFA. Transplantability was defined by age <70 years, social support, absence of significant comorbidities, no active alcohol use and no recent extrahepatic cancer. Baseline variables were correlated with outcomes using the Kaplan‐Meier and Cox models.ResultsAmong 435 patients with HCC, 172 were considered as transplantable with HCCs >2 cm (53%), uninodular (87%) and AFP >100 ng/mL (13%). Median overall survival was 87 months, with 75% of patients alive at 3 years, 61% at 5 years and 43% at 10 years. Age (p = .003) and MELD>10 (p = .01) were associated with the risk of death. Recurrence occurred in 118 patients within Milan criteria in 81% of cases. Local recurrence was observed in 24.5% of cases at 10 years and distant recurrence rates were observed in 69% at 10 years. After local recurrence, 69% of patients were still alive at 10 years. At the first tumour recurrence, 75 patients (65%) were considered transplantable. Forty‐one patients underwent transplantation, mainly for distant intrahepatic tumour recurrence. The overall 5‐year survival post‐transplantation was 72%, with a tumour recurrence of 2.4%.ConclusionUpfront multi‐bipolar RFA for a first diagnosis of early HCC on cirrhosis coupled with salvage liver transplantation had a favourable intention‐to‐treat long‐term prognosis, allowing for spare grafts.
Girls in scrubs: An ethnographic exploration of the clinical learning environment
Authors: Gupta Shalini , Howden Stella , Moffat Mandy , Pope Lindsey , Kennedy Cate 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundGender bias is an enduring issue in the medical profession despite women being more represented within medical schools and the health care workforce in numerous countries across the world. There have been frequent calls for further exploration of gender‐based discriminations within medical education, owing to its lasting impact on student's professional development and career trajectories. This paper presents an ethnographic exploration of the experiences of female medical students and doctors in the clinical learning environment (CLE), aiming to disrupt the cycle of gender inequity in the clinical workplace.MethodsOur research field involved two teaching wards in a Scottish urban hospital, where 120 h of non‐participant observations were conducted over 10 months. Combining purposive and convenience sampling, we conducted 36 individual interviews with key informants, which included medical students, foundation doctors, postgraduate trainees, consultant supervisors, and other health care professionals such as nurses and pharmacists. Data was thematically analysed using Bourdieu's theory of social power reproduction. The research team brought diverse professional backgrounds and perspectives to the exploration of data on gendered encounters.ResultsCombining the observational and interview data, five themes were generated, which suggested gender‐related differentials in social and cultural capital that the participants acquired in the CLE. Experiences of discriminatory behaviour and stereotypical thought processes impacted the female students' engagement and drive towards learning, implying an adverse influence on habitus. In contrast, the valuable influence of gendered role‐models in building confidence and self‐efficacy signified a positive transformation of habitus. The research participants displayed considerable internalisation of the gendered processes in the CLE that appeared to be linked to the transient nature of clinical placements.ConclusionsThis research reveals that despite constituting the majority demographic of medical school, female students struggle to gain social and cultural capital. Gendered hierarchies that structure clinical workplaces disadvantage female students and doctors, and the differential experiences transform their habitus. Based on our theoretically informed investigation, we advocate for role‐models given their positive impact on students' and doctors' habitus. Additionally, medical educators may consider extended clinical placements that provide opportunities for female students and early‐career doctors to secure social and cultural capital through integrating better in health care teams and building meaningful interprofessional relationships.
Gap‐free X and Y chromosome assemblies of Salix arbutifolia reveal an evolutionary change from male to female heterogamety in willows, without a change in the position of the sex‐determining locus
Authors: Wang Yi , Gong Guang‐Nan , Wang Yuan , Zhang Ren‐Gang , Hörandl Elvira , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang , Charlesworth Deborah , He Li 
Published: April 2024

Summary
In the Vetrix clade of Salix, a genus of woody flowering plants, sex determination involves chromosome 15, but an XY system has changed to a ZW system. We studied the detailed genetic changes involved.
We used genome sequencing, with chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) and PacBio HiFi reads to assemble chromosome level gap‐free X and Y of Salix arbutifolia, and distinguished the haplotypes in the 15X‐ and 15Y‐linked regions, to study the evolutionary history of the sex‐linked regions (SLRs).
Our sequencing revealed heteromorphism of the X and Y haplotypes of the SLR, with the X‐linked region being considerably larger than the corresponding Y region, mainly due to accumulated repetitive sequences and gene duplications.
The phylogenies of single‐copy orthogroups within the SLRs indicate that S. arbutifolia and Salix purpurea share an ancestral SLR within a repeat‐rich region near the chromosome 15 centromere. During the change in heterogamety, the X‐linked region changed to a W‐linked one, while the Z was derived from the Y.
Advancements and turning point of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: A comprehensive analysis of research trends and collaborative networks
Authors: Ahn Jihye , Choi Moonsung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force with great potential in various fields, including healthcare. In recent years, AI has garnered significant attention due to its potential to revolutionise ophthalmology, leading to advancements in patient care such as disease detection, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of disease progression. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the research trends and collaborative networks at the intersection of AI and ophthalmology. In this study, we conducted an extensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection to identify articles related to ‘artificial intelligence’ in ophthalmology published from 1968 to 2023. We performed co‐occurrence keywords and co‐authorship network analyses using VOSviewer software to explore the relationships between keywords and country collaboration. We found a remarkable surge in articles applying AI in ophthalmology after 2017, marking a turning point in the integration of AI within the medical field. The primary application of AI shifted towards the diagnosis of ocular disease, which was particularly evident through keywords such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age‐related macular degeneration. Analysis of the collaboration networks of countries revealed a global expansion of ophthalmology‐related AI research. This study provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of AI integration in ophthalmology, indicating its growing potential for enhancing disease detection, diagnosis, treatment planning and monitoring of disease progression. In order to translate AI technologies into clinical practice effectively, it is imperative to comprehend the evolving research trends and advancements at the intersection of AI and ophthalmology.
Autism in patients with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Lima Rian Vilar , Muniz Maria Carolina Rocha , Barroso Luana Lima , Pinheiro Maria Clara Apolônio , Matos Yuri Marques Teixeira , Nogueira Sarah Baltasar Ribeiro , Nogueira Hildenia Baltasar Ribeiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeNeurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have been increasingly associated with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). However, the relationship between these diseases remains unclear. We performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis to address this issue.MethodsThe search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using descriptors for ASD and EGIDs from the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, LILACS, and Web of Science databases. Observational studies with the prevalence of ASD in any EGID were included. The study protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform under the number CRD42023455177.ResultsThe total dataset comprised 766,082 participants. The result of the single‐arm meta‐analysis showed an overall prevalence of ASD in the population with EGID of 21.59% (95% CI: 10.73–38.67). There was an association between EGID and ASD (OR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.25–2.21), also significant when restricted only to EoE (OR: 3.70; 95% CI: 2.71–5.70).DiscussionRecent studies have implicated the influence of an inadequate epithelial barrier integrity in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The role of this mechanism can be extended to situations beyond allergic reactions, including other conditions with underlying immunological mechanisms. Several diseases are potentially related to the systemic effect of bacterial translocation in tissues with defective epithelial barriers.ConclusionOur meta‐analysis provides evidence that supports the consideration of EGID in patients with ASD and ASD in patients with EGID. Despite its limitations, the results should also be validated by future studies, preferably using multicenter prospective designs in populations with low referral bias.
Self‐aggregation of zinc bacteriochlorophyll‐d analogs with an acylhydrazone moiety as the 13‐keto‐carbonyl alternative
Authors: Fujii Satoru , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZinc methyl 3‐hydroxymethyl‐pyropheophorbides‐a possessing an acylhydrazinylidene group at the 131‐position were prepared by chemically modifying chlorophyll‐a, which were models of bacteriochlorophyll‐d as one of the light‐harvesting pigments in photosynthetic green bacteria. Similar to the self‐aggregation of natural bacteriochlorophyll‐d in the antenna systems called chlorosomes, some of the synthetic models self‐aggregated in an aqueous Triton X‐100 solution to give red‐shifted and broadened visible absorption bands. The newly appeared oligomeric bands were ascribable to the exciton coupling of the chlorin π‐systems along the molecular y‐axis, leading to intense circular dichroism bands in the red‐shifted Qy and Soret regions. The self‐aggregation in the aqueous micelle was dependent on the steric size of the terminal substituent at the 13‐acylhydrazone moiety. An increase in the length of the oligomethylene chain as the terminal moved the red‐shifted Qy maxima to shorter wavelengths, and branched alkyl and benzyl substitutes afforded no more self‐aggregates to leave monomeric species in the hydrophobic environment inside the micelle. These results indicated that the acyl groups on the 13‐hydrazone as the alternative of the natural 13‐ketone regulated the chlorosome‐like self‐aggregation.
The centrality of law for EU sustainable finance markets: Outlining a research agenda
Authors: Eriksson Saga 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article discusses how law shapes sustainable finance market creation in the European Union (EU). Although markets for environmental, social and governance (ESG) oriented investments have continued to grow, a gap has persisted between fund popularity and real‐world impact. The EU has sought to address this through common legal standards for sustainable economic activities. However, there has been limited empirical examination of how industry applies these new measures and how they facilitate further market development. The article seeks to address this by proposing a research agenda for the examination of sustainable finance legislation through a ‘law as constitutive’ lens. The approach argues for an empirical inquiry that recognises the political and social conditions of market development, explored through interviews with market participants focusing on their experiences of legislation. The article explains how a ‘law as constitutive’ framing best suits the EU context when exploring the potential and limitations of the current policy approach.