bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomonitoring of the Contamination of Water by a Sublethal Concentration of Pesticides — A System Analysis Approach
Authors: Verma S. R. , Tonk I. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHeteropneustes (Saccobranchus) fossilis (Pisces; Clariidae) is exposed to the biocides Chlordane, Aldrin, Metasystox, Dichlorvos, Carbofuran and Sevin for 30 d at a concentration of the 1/15 fraction of LC50;96h with daily exchange of the medium. At intervals of 5 d the respiration rate was determined for 1 h. In addition, after the end of tests 13 haematological parameters as well as the activities of the adenosine triphosphatases and the acetylcholinesterase were determined in the liver, the kidney and the gills. During all exposures to biocides the respiration rate decreases significantly with the test time. At all exposures the blood concentrations of glucose, sodium‐ and chloride‐ions show a significant increase, whereas the cholesterin content and the clotting time decrease significantly. The ATPase activity is significantly reduced only by Aldrin and Chlordane. A significant reduction of the acetylcholinesterase activity occurs in each of the three investigated tissues only for Metasystox and Dichlorvos and in the liver in addition also for Chlordane, Aldrin and Carbofuran. Therefore, the respiration rate and haematological criteria permit a general stress indication, enzymatic activities constitute a specific indication of individual groups of biocides, so that a systematic analysis of these three indication groups will probably provide a specific resultant statement in a biomonitoring system due to the specific inhibition pattern.
Influence of pH on Sporulation, Spore Germination and Germling Survival in Blue‐green Algae
Authors: Reddy P. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn investigation is made on the influence of the pH‐value in the range of pH = 4.5 to 11.0 on sporulation, germination and germling development of Anabaena fertilissima and Anabaenopsis arnoldii, isolated from the Sambhar Salt Lake, Rajasthan. Maximum rates of germination were obtained with Anabaena at pH = 7.0… 10.5, with Anabaenopsis at pH = 7.0 to 8.5. With both species, sporulation occurs in the same pH‐ranges, Anabaena dying without sporulation in the range of pH = 5.5… 6.5 and above pH = 10.5 and Anabaenopsis surviving without sporulation above pH = 9.5. With Anabaena the germling growth steadily increases from pH = 7 to 10.5, whereas Anabaenopsis shows a maximum at pH = 7 and at any other pH‐value growth is considerably lower. Moreover, spore germination is bound to an exchange of the medium. In agreement with these experimental findings concerning the cultures, from July to February Anabaenopsis occurs in the Sambhar Lake as a vegetative form with a partial mass development, and from March to June it survives as a spore. Anabaena, however, has only a short vegetative phase in June, and it survives the remaining part of the year as a spore. Thus, the fast germination and sporulation in the range of higher alkalinity is the ecological strategy for Anabaena to resist the competition offered by Anabaenopsis.
Indicator Value of Freshwater Leeches (Hirudinea) with a Key to the Determination of European Species
Authors: Sládeček V. , Košel V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor the 33 species of Hirudinea in the fresh waters of Central Europe the following saprobiological data are given: saprobic valency, indicative weight and specific saprobic index. A detailed key is established for determining the 33 species, with a large number of pictures. All the species have a relatively wide range of ecological valency, so that their application for determining the degree of saprobity is meaningful only in connection with different types of indicators.
Dünnschichtchromatographischer Nachweis von Mineralöl in Brunnenwasser
Authors: Machmerth K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA tabular survey is given from literature concerning seven extraction techniques, 14 thin‐layer chromatographic detection techniques and 15 spray reagents. From the possibilities represented in this way, a newly composed method is described which can be carried out in any routine laboratory within one hour and has proved successful in situations of average of the drinking water supply. 1 l water is extracted with 25 ml CCl4, the extract is concentrated in the vacuum to 1 ml and chromatographed with n‐hexane on a prefabricated foil. Detection is carried out with 10% methanolic molybdophosphoric acid. The detection limit is at 0.5 μg.
Zum Umweltverhalten von Fluortensiden Teil 1: Prüfung auf Aquatoxizität
Authors: Prescher D. , Gross U. , Wotzka J. , Tscheu‐Schlüter M. , Starke W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPoecilia reticulata PETERS (guppy) and the green alga Monoraphidium griffithii were used for testing of different fluorotensides. After the representation of the methods of investigation and the definition of criteria of toxicity the obtained results of investigation are discussed. In general, the toxicity of the four investigated fluorotensides to algae was lower than to fish. The anionic fluorotenside CF3—(CF2)n—CFH—COONa was an exception. In tables and diagrams the results are summarized. Finally, for the condition of the receiving‐water biocenosis class “2” the respective still permissible matter concentrations are proposed. They vary between 0.05 and 0.2 mg/1.
Studies on the Toxicity of Some Insecticides to a Freshwater Teleost Lebistes reticulatus (PETERS)
Authors: Gupta P. K. , Mujumdar V. S. , Rao P. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn batch tests with daily exchange of the medium the toxicity of endosulfan, lindane, aldrin, chlordane, rogor and novocron is investigated during times of exposure of 12… 96 h. The mean survival periods and the LC50 are determined. Toxicity increases in the following sequence (LC50,96h) (in mg/1): novocron (22.65), rogor (18.97), chlordane (0.341), aldrin (0.017), lindane (0.0160), endosulfan (0.0027). The following safe concentrations in mg/1 are recommended: 0.0006 endosulfan, 0.0041 lindane, 0.0010 aldrin, 0.1436 chlordane, 5.4086 rogor and 7.2309 novocron.
Beitrag zur analytischen Beschreibung von Transportprozessen im Grundwasserleiter bei diffusem Stoffeintrag
Authors: Schwan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA model is described for the relation between water quantity and water quality in the aquifer with the diffuse substance input by the gravitation water being taken into account. The model is based on a partial differential equation of the second order for a flow pipe. For constant transport parameters, a sink of the kinetics of the first order and a time‐dependent source term an exact analytical solution is presented and explained by a model. At a diffuse substance input, the dispersion has only a slight influence on the transport of substances contained in water. Potential applications of these solutions to different problems are mentioned.
Displacement Phenomenon of Slow and Fast Growing Species in Microorganisms Association
Authors: Vavilin V. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the process of the biological treatment of sewage, the multicomponent system of the substrate is converted by an association of microorganisms. The composition of species of microorganisms in the system depends on the substrate available and on the conversion of substrate. For this, a mathematical model is presented, which describes the change of the composition of species according to the rate of growth of the individual species on the basis of load (substrate available/biomass). The diversity of the biological system increases with decreasing load. The model is tested by practical examples.
Untersuchungen zur Einzel‐ und Gemischadsorption von Phenolen an Aktivkohlen. Teil 1. Einzeladsorptionsgleichgewichte von Phenol, p‐Chlorphenol und p‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Worch E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdsorption investigations at 25 °C were carried out with the aqueous solutions of phenol, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol on two types of activated carbon which were produced on the basis of lignite high‐temperature coke. For setting the equilibrium, stirring was carried out for some days in closed vessels. Several isotherm — equations were used for mathematical descriptions of the adsorption equilibria. Two‐parameter equations, as the Freundlich‐ and Langmuir‐isotherms, do not suffice for the total course of the isotherms. Satisfactory results of the adaptation to the experimental values on the investigated concentration range were obtained from three‐parameter isotherm — equations. The results of measurement series are summarized in tables.
Beitrag zur Phosphorbestimmung im Klärschlamm
Authors: Malý J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs the introduction, the advantages and drawbacks of a large number of phosphorus determination methods and digestion techniques for particulate matter, as e. g. sewage sludge, used in practice are described. The results of some investigations concerning the techniques of digestion as well as the further preparation of the extracts for the phosphorus determination proper are graphically and in tabular form represented and interpreted. The investigated photo‐metric methods may be disturbed by iron and silicic‐acid components. Advice about, and possibilities for avoiding such disturbances are given. In the case of the simultaneous application of the Kjeldahl digestion for the determination of nitrogen as well as of phosphorus there should be paid attention to possible disturbances by the selenium‐ or mercury‐containing catalyst additives in the further processing of samples due to the formation of deposits.
Occurrence and Nutritional Relations of the Limax‐Amoebae Group in Bathing Pool Waters
Authors: Švorcová Libuše 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 392 samples from 14 balneological therapeutic pools and two swimming pools with untreated and chlorinated water of 15… 30 °C the following species were found in 72% of the samples (percentage of positive samples): Acanthamoeba polyphaga (10.5), A. castellani (3.7), Naegleria gruberi (5.9), N. lovaniensis (12.7), Vahlkampfia ustiniana (7.2), V. spec. (15.8), Hartmanella vermiformis and H. exudans (13.1), H. spec. (31.2). 47% of the positive findings grew also at 37 °C, 9% of them also at 44 °C. The average densities amounted to between 27 and 777 ind./l, the maxima were between 66 and more than 1000 ind./l. Neither heterotrophic bacteria nor amoebas could be detected in 25 samples, in the other samples a significant regression exists between the number of amoebas per litre A and the number of bacteria N/ml of the form lg A=0.47 × lg N + 1.22. Because of the danger of the occurrence of pathogenic amoebas, too, in the bathing pool waters, the analysis for amoebas is recommended to check the bathing water. As a temporary working level, the absence of amoebas in a sample of 100 ml is proposed.
Untersuchungen zum Nachweis vonEscherichia coliim Wasser
Authors: Stelzer W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom river water there were isolated 21 species (mainly coliform bacteria) in 914 strains. Of the pure cultures of coliform bacteria (E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter) 74.1 % ofE. coliand 23.2 % of theKlebsiellastrains showed lactose decomposition with gas formation at 44 °C. More than 90 % of the isolatedKlebsielladid not form indole. Therefore, the temperature test and the indole formation (at 44 °C) (TI‐test) made a very specific detection ofE. coliin water possible. 94.7 % of the cultures grown initially on endoagar after a positive TI‐test proved to beE. coli.The detection ofE. colishowed a very good agreement with the standard method and the TI‐test, the detection with the standard method being considerably dependent on the number of checked coliform colonies.
Biomass Determination in Some Species Using a Geometric Equivalent Technique of Plankton Organisms
Authors: Sarkar S. , Jana B. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe plankton collected from three fish ponds shows a considerable variability within a pond, between the ponds and in the course of the year. The individual volumes or weights are (minimum—mean—maximum): Gleotrichia echinulata 41–252–879 μg3, Chlorella vulgaris 18–42–94 μm3, Oscillatoria amphigranulata 99–306–827 μm3, Brachionus plicatilis 1–4.918 μg, nauplia 0.5–1.25–2.35 μg, Mesocyclops hyalinus 4–45–369—μg, Heliodiaptomus viduus 41–202–288 μg, Daphnia carinata 186–1468–4578 μg.
On the Elimination of Organic Microcontaminants by Flocculation with Lime Hydrate
Authors: Walther H.‐J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor the purpose of utilizing domestic flocculants for the treatment of water and of reducing by this the equivalent imports of metal salts, in this paper the result of investigations made on model waters and on a river water sample is described. The model waters contained the pesticides Atrazin, Diuron and 2,4‐D, which partly were polluted in addition with different quantities of fulvic and humic acids as well as with colloidal substances causing turbidity (Friedland clay and finely dispersed cellulose). The investigations were supplemented by testing several adsorption media as γ‐aluminium oxide, active carbon and diatom earth. In the presence of fulvic and humic substances one does not succeed in eliminating the investigated herbicides by flocculation with lime hydrate. Only after chemical side reactions between these contained substances the adsorbability is clearly influenced. The different elimination efficiencies at different reaction conditions are explained in detail.
Immersionskalorimetrische Einschätzung der Adsorptionsfähigkeit von Aktivkohlen gegenüber organischen Stoffen aus wäßrigen Lösungen
Authors: Radeke K. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn comparison with the conventional methods for testing the adsorptive capacity of active charcoals, the author presents a new technique. The measuring possibilities of the immersion calorimetry are used. This measuring technique is based on the determination of the interaction of active charcoal with liquid adsorptives. The immersion heat referred to one mol adsorptive is used as the measure. Due to simplifying assumptions and a micropore volume of active charcoal measured with water vapour, immersion‐calorimetrically relative equilibrium constants can be determined. By the example of phenol and indol, the adsorptive capacity of several domestic and foreign samples of active charcoal is assessed on the basis of the difference of the immersion heats in benzene and water.
Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit von Flockungsmitteln bei der Badewasseraufbereitung
Authors: Jessen H.‐J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWithin the framework of extensive investigations, the efficiency of various flocculants and flocculation aids was determined. With due regard to the frequentation of baths, to various parameters of the quality of the basin and filter effluents as well as to technical criteria, specific criteria for baths were determined and critically compared with data given in literature with the aid of mathematical relations for the orderly functioning of indoor swimming baths. Moreover, a new source of flocculants was indicated: In the course of the chemical synthesis according to the Friedel‐Craft reaction there are obtained acidic polyaluminium chlorides as byproducts, which are suitable for application in the bathing water treatment. As to the present state of knowledge, one cannot with metal‐salt flocculants.
Voraussetzung und Grenzen der Qualitätssicherung in der Wasseranalytik
Authors: Koch R. , Lienig D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA discussion is presented on the conditions required and limitations of the guaranteeing of quality in water analysis as the basis for the necessary standardization of analytical methods. The following concepts are of particular importance: principle of analysis, method of analysis, technique of analysis, specification for analysis, measured value, analytical value, result of measurement, result of analysis, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, detection limit, determination limit, sensitivity and rate of retrieval. Prequisite for the ensuring of quality proper are the standard addition method and the ring analysis. In the water analysis the guaranteeing of quality is of particular importance due to the multifarious matrix as well as for the interpretation of the analytical results as a basis for important decisions in the national economy.
Stratigraphy of Fossil Pigments as a Guide to the Environmental Changes of the Kortowskie Lake, Poland
Authors: Rybak J. , Rybak M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 294 cm long sediment core is divided into 1 cm disks at intervals of 7 cm. The disks are pollen‐stratigraphically dated. At the same time, the pigment content is determined by two‐dimensional thin‐layer chromatography. The pigments were determined spectrophotometrically between 200 and 800 nm, six pigments having been identified, whereas in the chromatograms 13… 36 spots are found. Chlorophyll conversion products as well as epiphasic and hypophasic carotenoids were determined by liquid adsorption. The greatest variety was found with the pigments in the Atlantic period, the minimum of diversity lies in the Subboreal period. The concentration of the chlorophyll derivatives decreases with the age of sediments, whereas the carotenoids have maxima in the Atlantic and Subatlantic periods. On the basis of the ratio of chlorophyll derivatives to carotenoids and of the ratio of epiphasic carotenoids to hypophasic ones, the trophic state of the lake between oligotrophic and eutrophic as well as the relative share of autochthonous and allochthonous feed of matter to the sediment can be represented well.
Phosphoraufnahme durch Potamogeton natans und submerse Makrophyten in einem Fließgewässer‐Laboratoriumsmodell
Authors: Weise G. , Mayer H.‐G. , Jorga W. , Bahr I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe germs of macrophytes were exposed in a ring channel at 0.073 m/s, 0.085 m water level and natural daylight for 52 h in tap water whose phosphorus concentration had been increased with KH2PO4 to 0.325 mg/1 P. After 4, 28 and 52 h the phosphorus concentrations in water and in dry matter were determined and the relative phosphorus elimination and incorporation, as referred to the concentrations in water and in dry matter prior to the test, were calculated in 0/0. Within 52 h the following increases of the internal phosphorus pool resulted (in %): Ranunculus aquatilis April 141, Potamogeton crispus May 178, P. natans June 139, Callitriche polymorpha June 128, Ranunculus aquatilis August 118, Elodea canadensis September 124. The phosphorus uptake behaves thus parallel to the gas‐metabolism‐physiological activity and the subsequently made differentiation into species which are active in spring, summer and autumn. Therefore, weed removals from waters should be done at the date of the species‐specific activity maximum, since the then obtained biomass with 3… 9 kg/t P in the dry matter guarantees a maximum phosphorus elimination from the water.
Zusammenhänge zwischen Chlorophyll a, Phytoplanktonvolumen, Seston, Sichttiefe und Trübung als Methoden zur Einschätzung der Wasserbeschaffenheit in Talsperren
Authors: Loth P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe statistical relations between the different parameters of water quality are represented from investigations of an oligotrophic to mesotrophic storage reservoir carried out for several years. The significant linear regressions between chlorophyll a and the phytoplankton volume show seasonal differences depending on the aspect change of phytoplankton. Equally, there may occur differences of this relation for the euphotic layer and the intermixed layer. Chlorophyll, phytoplankton volume and dry matter of seston as well as turbidity show also close correlations with the depth of visibility. The scattering occuring for the individual regressions, the distribution of measured values and the relations of chlorophyll a to the phytoplankton volume of dominant algal groups are discussed.
The Accumulation of Monocrotophos in Some Piscine Organs
Authors: Janalík B. , Wohlgemuth E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonocrotophos (0,0‐dimethyl‐0‐(1‐methyl‐2‐N‐methyl‐carbamoyl)‐cis‐vinylphosphate) as an active component of some insecticides is highly soluble in water at a low hydrolysis rate: half‐time at 2 mg/l, pH = 7.0 and 38 °C 23 d. Individuals of the following fish species (individual weight in g) were kept during the static bioassay for 6… 72 h at 40 mg/l monocrotophos in the medium: Cyprinus carpio (70), Carassius carassius (45) and Leucaspius delineatus (1.5), and then the concentration of monocrotophos was gas‐chromatographically determined in different tissues. Initially, till the 24th hour a high accumulation in the gills took place (in mg/kg fresh weight: Cyprinus 0.49, Carassius 3.88), then the concentration remained uniform or slightly falling here, whereas in the other organs (digestive organs, muscle, gonads) a further accumulation up to 1 mg/kg occurred. Leucaspius was investigated only as whole individuals, and after 72 h their fresh weight had increased to 6.96 mg/kg. The rates of accumulation decrease in the following order: Cyprinus: digestive organs, gills, muscle; Carassius: gills, digestive organs, gonads, muscle.
Wasserwirtschaftliche Beurteilung von Grundwasser
Authors: Deibel K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hardness quotient according to WANDT as a quotient from carbonate hardness and non‐carbonate hardness is used for the characterization of groundwater by its “age” and thus as an indicator of the risk of contamination. Due to its application, statements on the risk of nitrate‐carrying groundwaters and on the age of the ammonium loading of groundwater are possible. With the aid of the hardness quotient it is proved that most of the nitrate‐carrying sites produce “air‐covered” groundwater and thus are riskful, while a high percentage of the ammonium found in the groundwater of the Neubrandenburg country is of geogenic origin and not due to fresh faecal matter.
Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen von Wassergütedaten
Authors: Gnauck A. H. , Finke W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe assessment of the quality of a water is based on the findings of chemical, physical and biological investigations. The safety of statement is determined by the uncertainty of data and the stochastics of the observed conversion processes. The description of the probability distribution is the basis for the increasing of the safety of interpretation. Stationary distribution functions are determined with the aid of the results of routine investigations on selected flowing water gauge stations. For that, the frequency distributions are evaluated graphically. Moreover, the computer aided adaptation of water quality values is investigated by a power normal distribution (PN), the Johnson distribution and the LN‐3 distribution. The discussion by examples of several partly flow‐dependent water quality values leads to the recommendation of the testing of stationary distributions as a basis of the aquatic ecosystem analysis and a secured water quality management.
Correlation of Microbial Degradation Rates with the Chemical Structure
Authors: Pitter P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStructure/reactivity relations are investigated experimentally and theoretically for the microbial degradation of 35 substituted phenols and anilines by adapted mixed cultures of bacteria. From the results one can conclude that the initial attack of the aromatic nucleus has an electrophilic character and is ratelimiting. The results are suitable for predictions of biodegradation rates of organic compounds and facilitate understanding of the mechanism of degradation.