bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Gaseous CO2 and AQUI-S as Anesthetics when Surgically Implanting Radio Transmitters into Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Sanderson Travis B. , Hubert Wayne A. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and CO2 are anesthetics that can be legally used in fisheries work in the United States, but they are limited in their field applications. A mandatory 21-d withdrawal period is required for fish exposed to MS-222. Carbon dioxide is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but it is a “low regulatory priority drug” that can be used legally for fish anesthesia. However, stressful induction and lengthy recovery times have been associated with CO2. AQUI-S is a clove oil derivative that has the potential to become an approved anesthetic without the limitations of MS-222 or CO2. We compared the efficacy of CO2 with that of AQUI-S when surgically implanting radio transmitters into cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii. A 20% survival rate was observed when CO2 was used in combination with silk sutures, but a 100% survival rate was observed when CO2 was used in combination with surgical staples to shorten the duration of the surgical procedure. A 100% survival rate was observed when AQUI-S was used in combination with either silk sutures or surgical staples. Carbon dioxide in combination with surgical staples seemed to provide a reasonable option when surgically implanting radio transmitters into cutthroat trout, but AQUI-S may be the preferred anesthesia because high pH and dissolved oxygen levels and low free-CO2 concentrations are maintained during surgical procedures.
Habitat Use, Site Fidelity, and Movement of Adult Striped Bass in a Southern New Jersey Estuary Based on Mobile Acoustic Telemetry
Authors: Ng Clare L. , Able Kenneth W. , Grothues Thomas M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTo determine individual patterns of habitat use, site fidelity, and movement, adult striped bass Morone saxatilis (n = 81; mean fork length = 70.8 cm [range, 48.3‐95.3 cm]) were implanted with individually coded acoustic transmitters and tracked with a mobile hydrophone from July 2003 through July 2005 in Mullica River‐Great Bay estuary in southern New Jersey. Striped bass in this small coastal bay‐estuarine system preferred deeper water near shorelines and were found at the same location 56.6% of the time. In fact, the persistence of individual home ranges at the scale of meters was observed within and among years. When fish were moving, their pattern was characterized by sporadic swimming followed by long periods of little movement. Seasonally, movement in the estuary was highest in April, followed by two secondary peaks in October and December. Daily movement was highest around sunset. Mobile telemetry demonstrated important dynamics in habitat use, site fidelity, and estuarine movements that were not detectable by a parallel study using a fixed array of omnidirectional hydrophones. In addition, the high degree of site fidelity across seasons and years implies that habitat management at the appropriate spatial scale can be an important component of fisheries management for this species.
Does Therapeutic Use of Acetaminophen Cause Acute Liver Failure?
Authors: Dart Richard C. , Bailey Elise 
Published: August 2007

Study Objective. To compare the reported occurrence of liver failure in subjects in prospective trials with that in patients in retrospective reports after repeated use of therapeutic dosages of acetaminophen.Design. Systematic review of the medical literature.Data Source. MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical and pharmacologic databases.Subjects. Adults who received repeated dosing of acetaminophen 4 g/day or lower for at least 24 hours.Measurements and Main Results. Articles written in several languages were abstracted by trained personnel using a structured abstraction form. Data were categorized by methodology (prospective vs retrospective), acetaminophen dosage, and type of liver effect. A total of 791 articles were identified, which included 30,865 subjects in prospective studies and 9337 patients in retrospective reports. The prospective studies reported no cases of fulminant hepatic injury, liver transplantation, or death due to acetaminophen. Of the 30,865 subjects in these studies, 129 (0.4%) were identified who had a serum aminotransferase level that exceeded the upper limit of normal, including 61 subjects in randomized trials in which the proportion of serum aminotransferase level increase was the same as or less than that in the placebo group and 68 subjects in trials without a placebo group. In addition, 4263 (13.8%) received the maximum recommended therapeutic dosage (3.9‐4 g/day). In the retrospective reports, 96 patients (1.0%) had a serum alanine aminotransferase level that exceeded the upper limit of normal, one (0.01%) underwent liver transplantation, and six (0.06%) died. Causality relationship of acetaminophen for each retrospective case was assessed with the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale. The mean ± SD Naranjo score for all 103 retrospective cases was 3.2 ± 1.9, indicating a possible relationship between the increased aminotransferase levels and acetaminophen use. Some retrospective reports contained information suggesting that the patient had ingested an overdose despite a history of therapeutic use.Conclusion. Prospective studies indicated that repeated use of a true therapeutic acetaminophen dosage may slightly increase the level of serum aminotransferase activity, but hepatic failure or death was not reported. Retrospective reports indicated a higher rate of increased serum aminotransferase levels, and several reported associated liver injury and death. The differing results and presence of evidence indicating inaccurate acetaminophen dosage information in some case reports suggests that these cases may be inadvertent overdoses, rather than true therapeutic dosages.
Comparison of the Dose Response to Levalbuterol with and without Pretreatment with S‐Albuterol After Methacholine‐Induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: Raissy Hengameh H. , Harkins Michelle , Esparham Anna , Kelly H. William 
Published: August 2007

Study Objective. To determine the effect of S‐albuterol on the dose response to levalbuterol in patients with moderate bronchoconstriction induced by a methacholine challenge.Design. Prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study.Setting. University‐affiliated clinical trial center.Patients. Twenty‐two adults with mild, stable asthma.Intervention. At the screening visit, patients were switched from their β2‐agonist to ipratropium bromide for use as an as‐needed rescue therapy. At the baseline visit 2–6 days later, the provocative concentration of methacholine to induce a 30% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 PC30) was determined, followed by a nebulized racemic albuterol dose‐response study with three doses of albuterol, to familiarize patients with the procedures. At visits 2 and 3, patients were randomly assigned to receive nebulized normal saline placebo or S‐albuterol 5 mg before the methacholine challenge and were administered three escalating doses of levalbuterol after the challenge.Measurements and Main Results. Area under the curve for FEV1 over 40 minutes (AUC0–40) after administration of levalbuterol was the primary outcome, with slope of FEV1 as the secondary outcome. In addition, the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was measured before and after the challenges. In the 17 patients who met criteria for completion, no deleterious effect for S‐albuterol was found for FEV1 PC30, AUC0–40 FEV1, or the FEV1 slope0–40. However, S‐albuterol reduced the provocative concentration of methacholine to induce a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PC20 0.52 ± 2.06 vs 0.39 ± 1.58 mg/ml, placebo vs S‐albuterol, p=0.044) but did not affect FeNO.Conclusion. A single high dose of S‐albuterol did not alter the bronchodilator response to levalbuterol. The effect on bronchial responsiveness requires further study.
Pharmacokinetics of a Guanfacine Extended‐Release Formulation in Children and Adolescents with Attention‐Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Boellner Samuel W. , Pennick Michael , Fiske Kimberly , Lyne Andrew , Shojaei Amir 
Published: August 2007

Study Objective. To evaluate the single‐ and multiple‐dose pharmacokinetics of an oral extended‐release formulation of guanfacine in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Design. Phase I‐II, open‐label, dose‐escalation study.Setting. Clinical study center.Patients. Fourteen children (aged 6–12 yrs) and 14 adolescents (aged 13–17 yrs) with ADHD.Intervention. All patients received guanfacine as a single 2‐mg dose on day 1. They received a daily dose of 2 mg on days 9–15, 3 mg on days 16–22, and 4 mg on days 23–29.Measurements and Main Results. Blood samples, vital signs, and electrocardiograms (ECGs) were obtained before dosing on day 1 and at intervals over 24 hours, with repeat measurements on days 14 and 28. Guanfacine demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics. Mean plasma concentrations, peak exposure (Cmax), and total or 24‐hour exposure (area under the concentration‐time curve [AUC]0–∞ or AUC0–24, respectively) were as follows in children and adolescents, respectively: after a single 2‐mg dose, AUC0–∞ was 65.2 ± 23.9 ng•hour/ml and 47.3 ± 13.7 ng•hour/ml, and Cmax was 2.55 ± 1.03 ng/ml and 1.69 ± 0.43 ng/ml; after multiple 2‐mg doses, AUC0–24 was 70.0 ± 28.3 ng•hour/ml and 48.2 ± 16.1 ng•hour/ml, and Cmax was 4.39 ± 1.66 ng/ml and 2.86 ± 0.77 ng/ml; and after multiple 4‐mg doses, AUC0–24 was 162 ± 116 ng•hour/ml and 117 ± 28.4 ng•hour/ml, and Cmax was 10.1 ± 7.09 ng/ml and 7.01 ± 1.53 ng/ml. After a single 2‐mg dose, half‐life was 14.4 ± 2.39 hours in children and 17.9 ± 5.77 hours in adolescents. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse events were somnolence, insomnia, headache, blurred vision, and altered mood. Most were mild to moderate in severity, with the highest frequency associated with the 4‐mg doses. Blood pressure, pulse, and ECG readings were all within normal limits.Conclusion. Guanfacine extended‐release formulation demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics. Plasma concentrations and concentration‐related pharmacokinetic parameters were higher in children than in adolescents. These differences are likely due to heavier body weights in adolescents and young male subjects. No serious adverse events were reported.
Lack of an Effect of Oral Iron Administration on Mycophenolic Acid Pharmacokinetics in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Gelone Daniele K. , Park Jeong M. , Lake Kathleen D. 
Published: August 2007

Study Objectives. To determine if coadministration of polysaccharide iron complex and slow‐release ferrous sulfate alter the absorption of mycophenolic acid (MPA), and to examine the potential influence of dosing relative to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) administration and the effect of immediate‐ versus sustained‐release iron products on the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of MPA.Design. Prospective, open‐label, three‐phase, crossover, steady‐state pharmacokinetic study.Setting. National Institutes of Health–sponsored General Clinical Research Center at a university medical center.Patients. Twelve adult (mean age 50 yrs) renal transplant recipients who were receiving concomitant iron and MMF maintenance therapy.Intervention. Oral iron therapy was coadministered with MMF on days −6–0, MMF was administered alone on days 1–8 (control phase), then oral iron therapy was administered 2 hours after MMF administration on days 9–16.Measurements and Main Results. Baseline demographics, concurrent drug regimens, and clinical laboratory values were assessed. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after MMF administration on days 0, 8, and 16. The MPA levels were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. We found no significant differences in the dose‐standardized area under the concentration‐time curve from 0–12 hours (AUC0–12) for MPA between the control phase (39.66 ± 8.70 mg•hr/L) and the concomitant ferrous sulfate or dose‐separated ferrous sulfate (37.56 ± 9.95 or 32.84 ± 8.43 mg•hr/L, respectively, p>0.05) phases. Dose‐standardized AUC0–12 values for MPA did not significantly differ after the concomitant administration of polysaccharide iron complex from that of the control phase (48.46 ± 9.68 and 43.80 ± 9.46 mg•hr/L, respectively, p=0.065). However, the AUC0–12 for MPA significantly increased when polysaccharide iron complex was administered 2 hours after MMF (53.41 ± 11.75 mg•hr/L, p=0.012). Maximum concentrations and times to reach maximum concentrations remained consistent across all study phases in each arm of the trial (p>0.05).Conclusion. Multiple doses of iron therapy—slow‐release ferrous sulfate, or polysaccharide iron complex—did not significantly reduce systemic exposure to MMF, as measured by using AUC0–12 values.
3.3: Invited Paper: Twenty Megapixel MEMS‐based Laser Projector
Authors: Bloom David M. , Tanner Allen H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA twenty megapixel projection display system takes advantage of a micro electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) based grating light modulator (GLM). In a GLM a laser beam is diffracted by an array of thousands of closely spaced parallel ribbons that simultaneously “paint” an entire column of pixels. The grating light modulator contains only a single column of microscopic ribbons because each pixel can be switched in as little as 100 nanoseconds. This leaves more than enough time to scan the column across a wide image. The present system consists of a linear array of 4096 pixels scanned to produce a projected image 4096 by 5120 pixels in size. Red, green, and blue fiber lasers, using nonlinear optical frequency conversion, provide about 10 watts per color enabling full color video projection onto large screens. A number of these systems have been delivered to planetarium and flight simulator customers.
3.4: Invited Paper: Laser TV ‐ Ultra Wide Color Gamut in Conformity with xvYCC
Authors: Sugiura Hiroaki , Kuwata Muneharu , Inoue Yoko , Sasagawa Tomohiro , Nagase Akihiro , Kagawa Shuichi , Watanabe Norihiro , Someya Jun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper provides some interpretations of the Laser TV which we have successfully developed [1]. The Laser TV is an HDTV that adopts solid state lasers involving three primary colors, red, green and blue for the light source. The adoption of a laser light source helped us realize an HDTV with a dramatically wide color gamut, namely 190% the color gamut of ITU‐R BT.709. In addition, we have also developed an LSI that can deal with the extended color space xvYCC, which is a new international standard, and mounted the LSI in the HDTV. The display of colorful and natural video pictures has been achieved through the effective use of the wide color gamut involved in the laser light source supported by a video signal processing circuit that complies with the xvYCC standard and Natural Color Matrix, a color management technique.
4.5: Multi‐primary LCD for TV Applications
Authors: Roth Shmuel , Weiss Nir , Chorin Moshe Ben , David Ilan Ben , Chen Ching Hung 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMulti‐primary technology is applied to get wide gamut high efficiency LCD panels, suitable for high quality TV applications. In this paper, we describe four and five primary displays using CCFL backlights, with color gamut between 92% NTSC and 110% NTSC. We will present trade‐off analysis, experimental results and comparison to other gamut enhancement technologies.
6.1: Invited Paper: Recent Progress in Color Flexible Reflective Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Khan Asad , Schneider Tod , Montbach Erica , Davis Donald J. , Miller Nick , Marhefka Duane , Ernst Todd , Doane J. William 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report on highly flexible layered full color cholesteric displays built using ultra thin substrates with encapsulation through the phase separation approach. Recent progress of the state of the art of the cholesteric display technology will be presented as well.
6.3: Writable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display and the Algorithm Used to Detect its Image
Authors: Lee D. W. , Shiu J. W. , Sha Y. A. , Chang Y. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWritable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display and the algorithm used to detect its image were developed. We could use any hard tip, ex: the tip of a forefinger, to directly write an image on the surface of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display (CHLCD). By measuring the capacitance of one pixel of test cell (12mm × 15mm/ 1×1), F‐state or P‐state could be detected. By measuring the capacitance of one pixel of 4.1″ CHLCD (241um × 241um/ 320×320), F‐state or P‐state could not be detected, due to the effect of parasitic capacitance. Therefore, high frequency measurement and the algorithm were developed to detect the image on CHLCD.
6.4: Single Substrate Coatable Multicolor Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Shiyanovskaya Irina , Barua Sankar , Green Seth , Khan Asad , Magyar Greg , Marhefka Duane , Miller Nick , Pishnyak Oleg , Doane J. William 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper describes new ultra‐thin multicolor cholesteric liquid crystal displays with all functional layers coated sequentially on a single flexible substrate. Shared electrode driving is implemented for the first time to drive a passive matrix multicolor emulsion based displays comprising of three stacked layers of cholesteric droplets embedded in a polymer matrix.
8.1: Invited Paper: Advancements and Outlook of High Performance Active‐Matrix OLED Displays
Authors: Tsujimura Takatoshi , Zhu Wei , Mizukoshi Seiichi , Mori Nobuyuki , Miwa Koichi , Ono Shinya , Maekawa Yuichi , Kawabe Kazuyoshi , Kohno Makoto 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBy introducing new terminology, active‐matrix OLED's advanced performance can be well characterized. “Luminous Flux” and Assured Dynamic Range” better represent the viewer's impression than previous terminology such as “front luminance” and/or “viewing angle.” Compensation circuit, low‐stress driving technique, CVD condition, TFT shape, and high‐efficiency OLEDs are the keys to enabling low‐cost a‐Si AMOLED manufacturing in order to compete with other display technologies.
9.1: Intrinsic Polarizers — Ultra Durable Dichroic Polarizers for LCD Projection
Authors: Ralli Philip J. , Gunnarsson Gunnar H. , Nagarkar Pradnya V. , Trapani Giorgio B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHigh temperature polysilicon (HTPS) projection engines provide a challenging environment for film‐based optical components, especially the absorbing polarizers that are critical for image formation. Intrinsic polarizers do not contain unstable dichromophores and have been shown to be well suited for this application.
11.2: Scanning Backlight for Mobile Displays
Authors: Onac Gabriel‐Eugen , Vogels Ingrid Maria , Bartula Marek , Hoevenaars Albert , Hector Jason , Louwsma Hendrik Klaas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe first realization of a scanning backlight for mobile displays is reported. This employs seven individually lit segments to reduce motion blur caused by the sample and hold effect. Optimal driving conditions result in a major improvement of motion portrayal on mobile liquid crystal displays.
11.4: OCB‐LCDs with New Driving Method Having Fast Response of 2.3‐ms MPRT and High Contrast Ratio of 1000:1
Authors: Nakao Kenji , Tanaka Yukio , Takahara Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Seiji , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Araki Shigesumi , Takimoto Akio 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have developed high performance OCB‐III TFT‐LCDs using LED blinking Backlight. The MPRT of 2.3 ms, which is the fastest in the world, and high contrast of 1000:1 are achieved with 12.1 inch SVGA OCB‐III panel. Even at low temperature of −20C. the MPRT of OCB‐III is 13.2 ms which is 1/4 of conventional LCDs. The OCB‐III can be superior to the CRT in quality of motion picture.
12.1: High Birefringence LCs for Color‐Sequential LCDs
Authors: Gauza Sebastian , Zhu Xinyu , Wu Shin Tson , Piecek Wiktor , Dabrowski Roman 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHigh birefringence (0.3<Δn <0.4) and relatively low viscosity liquid crystal mixtures containing isothiocyanato tolane and isothiocyanato terphenyl liquid crystals are developed. The response time of 1.52 ms using a 1.6‐μm TN cell is demonstrated.
12.3: LCOS Panel Using Novel Color Sequential Technology
Authors: Fan‐Chiang Kuan‐Hsu , Yen Cheng‐Chi , Wu Cheng‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Jung , Liao Bing‐Jei , Ho Yung‐Yuan , Liu Chung‐Yuan , Chen Yen‐Chen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHigh color gamut, high brightness and high resolution 0.59″ SVGA liquid‐crystal‐on‐Silicon (LCOS) panel is developed using novel color sequential technology. Design of frame‐buffer‐like pixels excludes the period of data addressing in the sub‐frame and relaxes the design rules of the electric circuit and the LCOS panel. In addition, implementation of reset voltage makes the panel to achieve high performance at 360 Hz field rate. The color gamut is larger than 120% NTSC ratio and the reflectance is 70%.
12.4: Distinguished Student Paper: Passive‐Matrix‐Driven Field‐Sequential‐Color LCD
Authors: Li Yuet‐Wing , Tan Li , Yeung Fion Sze‐Yan , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new fast liquid crystal display mode is demonstrated. This liquid crystal mode is based on a stressed splay twist deformation and can be driven in passive matrix or active matrix manners. This new display mode can be used to achieve full color display effect, in conjunction with a pulsed red‐green‐blue backlight unit.
13.1: Invited Paper: Technological Evolution for Large Screen Size Active Matrix OLED Display
Authors: Urabe Tetsuo , Sasaoka Tatsuya , Tatsuki Koichi , Takaki Jun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractVacuum evaporation process with metal mask using LTPS (Low Temperature Poly Silicon TFT) backplane is well established OLED production process. However this technology is not applicable for large sized display like TV. Various technologies to break through this constraint have been proposed so far. In this paper pros and cons of these proposed technologies are discussed and new approach, micro silicon TFT with unique anneal technology and laser transfer OLED process, is presented.
P‐2: The Photosensitive Organic Passivation Thin Film Transistors with High Anti‐Water Absorption Ability
Authors: Pan Hsin‐Hua , Liang Chung‐Yu , Lee Liu‐Chung , Huang Guo‐You , Gan Feng‐Yuan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe photosensitive organic passivation for the conventional back channel etched (BCE) thin film transistors (TFTs) has been investigated. Through the organic material, the TFT array fabrication process steps can be reduced and higher aperture ratio can be achieved for higher LCD panel performance. The interface between the organic passivation layer and the back channel of the amorphous active region has been passivated by the plasma treatment and the devices exhibit lower leakage current than the conventional silicon nitride (SiNx) passivation layer of BCE TFTs. The leakage currents between Indium‐tin oxide (ITO) pixels and the TFT devices, as well as the thermal‐humidity reliability tests have also been investigated in this paper.
P‐39: Perceptual Tests of the Temporal Response of a Shuttered LCoS Projector
Authors: Winterbottom Marc D. , Geri George A. , Eidman Craig , Pierce Byron 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPerceptual motion blur was studied using imagery presented on an LCoS projector equipped with a mechanical shutter to reduce pixel hold‐time. Perceptual measures of image blur were obtained with a simple test stimulus, as well as imagery similar to that used in Air Force flight simulation and training. Measured pixel hold‐time was found to accurately predict perceived blur.