bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grazing effects on the relationship between plant functional diversity and soil carbon sequestration regulated by livestock species
Authors: Ding Shiwen , van der Plas Fons , Li Jie , Liu Bai , Xu Man , Xu Tongtong , Pan Xiaobin , Chang Qing , Chen Ying , Li Yinong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Grazing exerts a profound influence on both the plant diversity and productivity of grasslands, while simultaneously exerting a significant impact on regulating grassland soil carbon sequestration. Moreover, besides altering the taxonomic diversity of plant communities, grazing can also affect their diversity of functional traits. However, we still poorly understand how grazing modifies the relationship between plant functional diversity (FD) and soil carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems. Here, we conducted a grazing manipulation experiment to investigate the effects of different grazing regimes (no grazing, sheep grazing (SG) and cattle grazing (CG)) on the relationships between plant FD and soil carbon sequestration in meadow and desert steppe. Our findings showed that different livestock species changed the relationships between plant FD and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the meadow steppe. SG decoupled the originally positive relationship between FD and SOC, whereas CG changed the relationship from positive to negative. In the desert steppe, both SG and CG strengthened the positive relationship between FD and SOC. Our study illuminates the considerable impact of livestock species on the intricate mechanisms of soil carbon sequestration, primarily mediated through the modulation of various measures of functional trait diversity. In ungrazed meadows and grazed deserts, maintaining high plant FD is conducive to soil carbon sequestration, whereas in grazed meadows and ungrazed deserts, this relationship may disappear or even reverse. By measuring the traits and controlling the grazing activities, we can accurately predict the carbon sequestration potential in grassland ecosystems.
How Rohingya refugee parents support children’s prosocial development in crisis-affected and resettlement contexts: Findings from India and Canada
Authors: Didkowsky Nora , Corbit John , Gora Vikas , Reddy Harini , Muhammad Saifullah , Callaghan Tara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We know little about how parents protect and promote children’s prosocial development during humanitarian crises. This qualitative study examined Rohingya refugee parents’ psychosocial perspectives and the processes they use to socialize prosocial values and behaviours in their children. Interviews (descriptive and in-depth qualitative) were conducted with 100 parents living in a refugee settlement in India (n = 100 descriptive; n = 5 in-depth) and 4 parents resettled in a mid-sized Canadian city (n = 4 descriptive; n = 4 in-depth). An inductive, ‘contextualist’ thematic analysis (TA) was conducted on the in-depth interviews to develop three overarching themes: (1) parents’ prosocial values and beliefs; (2) environmental conditions influencing parents’ available pathways for promoting children’s prosocial development; and (3) parents’ prosocial socialization and protection practices. The findings indicate that parents’ prosocial beliefs and contextual factors inform their parenting decisions and practices. Recommendations are provided for enriching parents’ capacity to promote child prosocial development in contexts of adversity.
Adapting the in vitro micronucleus assay (OECD Test Guideline No. 487) for testing of manufactured nanomaterials: recommendations for best practices
Authors: Burgum Michael J , Ulrich Clarissa , Partosa Natascha , Evans Stephen J , Gomes Caroline , Seiffert Svenja Berit , Landsiedel Robert , Honarvar Naveed , Doak Shareen H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The current Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development test guideline number 487 (OECD TG No. 487) provides instruction on how to conduct the in vitro micronucleus assay. This assay is one of the gold standard approaches for measuring the mutagenicity of test items; however, it is directed at testing low molecular weight molecules and may not be appropriate for particulate materials (e.g. engineered nanoparticles [ENPs]). This study aimed to adapt the in vitro micronucleus assay for ENP testing and underpins the development of an OECD guidance document. A harmonized, nano-specific protocol was generated and evaluated by two independent laboratories. Cell lines utilized were human lymphoblastoid (TK6) cells, human liver hepatocytes (HepG2) cells, Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells, whole blood, and buffy coat cells from healthy human volunteers. These cells were exposed to reference ENPs from the Joint Research Council (JRC): SiO2 (RLS-0102), Au5nm and Au30nm (RLS-03, RLS-010), CeO2 (NM212), and BaSO4 (NM220). Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC/Co) was used as a trial particulate positive control. The chemical controls were positive in all cell cultures, but WC/Co was only positive in TK6 and buffy coat cells. In TK6 cells, mutagenicity was observed for SiO2- and both Au types. In HepG2 cells, Au5nm and SiO2 showed sub-two-fold increases in micronuclei. In V79 cells, whole blood, and buffy coat cells, no genotoxicity was detected with the test materials. The data confirmed that ENPs could be tested with the harmonized protocol, additionally, concordant data were observed across the two laboratories with V79 cells. WC/Co may be a suitable particulate positive control in the in vitro micronucleus assay when using TK6 and buffy coat cells. Detailed recommendations are therefore provided to adapt OECD TG No. 487 for testing ENP.
Substrate specificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tRNA terminal nucleotidyltransferase toxin MenT3
Authors: Liu Jun , Yashiro Yuka , Sakaguchi Yuriko , Suzuki Tsutomu , Tomita Kozo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis transfer RNA (tRNA) terminal nucleotidyltransferase toxin, MenT3, incorporates nucleotides at the 3′-CCA end of tRNAs, blocking their aminoacylation and inhibiting protein synthesis. Here, we show that MenT3 most effectively adds CMPs to the 3′-CCA end of tRNA. The crystal structure of MenT3 in complex with CTP reveals a CTP-specific nucleotide-binding pocket. The 4-NH2 and the N3 and O2 atoms of cytosine in CTP form hydrogen bonds with the main-chain carbonyl oxygen of P120 and the side chain of R238, respectively. MenT3 expression in Escherichia coli selectively reduces the levels of seryl-tRNASers, indicating specific inactivation of tRNASers by MenT3. Consistently, MenT3 incorporates CMPs into tRNASer most efficiently, among the tested E. coli tRNA species. The longer variable loop unique to class II tRNASers is crucial for efficient CMP incorporation into tRNASer by MenT3. Replacing the variable loop of E. coli tRNAAla with the longer variable loop of M. tuberculosis tRNASer enables MenT3 to incorporate CMPs into the chimeric tRNAAla. The N-terminal positively charged region of MenT3 is required for CMP incorporation into tRNASer. A docking model of tRNA onto MenT3 suggests that an interaction between the N-terminal region and the longer variable loop of tRNASer facilitates tRNA substrate selection.
GLABRA 2 regulates ETHYLENE OVERPRODUCER 1 accumulation during nutrient deficiency-induced root hair growth
Authors: Cheng Jianing , Wang Jinshu , Bi Shuangtian , Li Mingyang , Wang Lina , Wang Lu , Li Tong , Zhang Xiaolan , Gao Yue , Zhu Lei , Wang Che 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Root hairs (RHs), extensive structures of root epidermal cells, are important for plant nutrient acquisition, soil anchorage, and environmental interactions. Excessive production of the phytohormone ethylene (ET) leads to substantial root hair growth, manifested as tolerance to plant nutrient deficiencies. However, the molecular basis of ET production during root hair growth in response to nutrient starvation remains unknown. Herein, we found that a critical transcription factor, GLABRA 2 (GL2), inhibits ET production during root hair growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). GL2 directly binds to the promoter of the gene encoding ET OVERPRODUCER 1 (ETO1), one of the most important ET-production-regulation factors, in vitro and in vivo, and then regulates the accumulation and function of ETO1 in root hair growth. The GL2-regulated-ETO1 module is required for promoting root hair growth under nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency. Genome-wide analysis revealed numerous genes, such as ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4, ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 2, ROOT HAIR SPECIFIC 13, are involved in the GL2-regulated-ETO1 module. Our work reveals a key transcription mechanism in the control of ET production during root hair growth under three major nutrient deficiencies.
New Frontiers: The Origins and Content of New Work, 1940–2018
Authors: Autor David , Chin Caroline , Salomons Anna , Seegmiller Bryan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We answer three core questions about the hypothesized role of newly emerging job categories (“new work”) in counterbalancing the erosive effect of task-displacing automation on labor demand: what is the substantive content of new work, where does it come from, and what effect does it have on labor demand? We construct a novel database spanning eight decades of new job titles linked to U.S. Census microdata and to patent-based measures of occupations’ exposure to labor-augmenting and labor-automating innovations. The majority of current employment is in new job specialties introduced since 1940, but the locus of new-work creation has shifted from middle-paid production and clerical occupations over 1940–1980 to high-paid professional occupations and secondarily to low-paid services since 1980. New work emerges in response to technological innovations that complement the outputs of occupations and demand shocks that raise occupational demand. Innovations that automate tasks or reduce occupational demand slow new-work emergence. Although the flow of augmentation and automation innovations is positively correlated across occupations, the former boosts occupational labor demand while the latter depresses it. The demand-eroding effects of automation innovations have intensified in the past four decades while the demand-increasing effects of augmentation innovations have not.
Effectiveness of a novel digital patient education programme to support self-management of early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Knudsen Line R , Ndosi Mwidimi , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Lomborg Kirsten , Dreyer Lene , Aaboe Sidsel , Kjær Marie B , Sørensen Lis , Volsmann Lena , Christensen Heidi M , de Thurah Annette 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel digital patient education (PE) programme in improving self-management in patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
This was a parallel, open-label, two-armed, randomized controlled trial with superiority design. Patients from five rheumatology clinics were randomized into digital PE (intervention) or face-to-face PE (control). The primary outcome was self-efficacy, measured by average difference in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy (RASE) score from baseline to month 12. Secondary outcomes were RA knowledge, health literacy, adherence and quality of life. Healthcare utilization data and digital PE programme usage were recorded. Self-efficacy, knowledge and health literacy data were analysed using mixed-effects repeated measures modelling; adherence using logistic regression, and quality of life and healthcare utilization using descriptive statistics with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Results
Of the 180 patients randomized (digital PE, n = 89; face-to-face PE, n = 91), 175 had data available for analysis. Median age was 59.0 years and 61% were women. The average difference in self-efficacy between groups from baseline to month 12 was significant by a −4.34 difference in RASE score, favouring the intervention group (95% CI: −8.17 to −0.51; P = 0.026). RA knowledge, health literacy and quality of life showed minor improvements over time but no difference between groups, except out-patient clinic contacts, which were fewer in the intervention group.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that digital PE is effective in improving self-efficacy and therefore self-management in patients with early RA. This intervention has potential to lower healthcare costs by decreasing out-patient clinic contacts.

Trial registration number
clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04669340.
Assessment of fetal radiation exposure in pregnant women undergoing computed tomography and rotational angiography examinations for pelvic trauma
Authors: Matsunaga Yuta , Haba Tomonobu , Kobayashi Masanao , Suzuki Shoichi , Asada Yasuki , Chida Koichi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to assess fetal radiation exposure in pregnant women undergoing computed tomography (CT) and rotational angiography (RA) examinations for the diagnosis of pelvic trauma. In addition, this study aimed to compare the dose distributions between the two examinations. Surface and average fetal doses were estimated during CT and RA examinations using a pregnant phantom model and real-time dosemeters. The pregnant model phantom was constructed using an anthropomorphic phantom, and a custom-made abdominal phantom was used to simulate pregnancy. The total average fetal dose received by pregnant women from both CT scans (plain, arterial and equilibrium phases) and a single RA examination was ~60 mGy. Because unnecessary repetition of radiographic examinations, such as CT or conventional 2D angiography can increase the radiation risk, the irradiation range should be limited, if necessary, to reduce overall radiation exposure.
Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) treatment improves skin wound healing in a porcine model
Authors: Ninkovic Nicoletta , Sparks Holly D. , Ponjevic Dragana , Muench Greg , Biernaskie Jeff A. , Krawetz Roman J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a boundary lubricant originally identified in articular cartilage and has been since shown to have immunomodulation and antifibrotic properties. Previously, we have demonstrated that recombinant human (rh)PRG4 treatment accelerates auricular cartilage injury closure through an inhibition of the fibrotic response, and promotion of tissue regeneration in mice. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of rhPRG4 treatment (vs. a DMSO carried control) on full‐thickness skin wound healing in a preclinical porcine model. Our findings suggest that while rhPRG4 did not significantly accelerate nor impede full‐thickness skin wound closure, it did improve repair quality by decreasing molecular markers of fibrosis and increasing re‐vascularization. We also demonstrated that rhPRG4 treatment increased dermal adipose tissue during the healing process specifically by retaining adipocytes in the wound area but did not inhibit lipolysis. Overall, the results of the current study have demonstrated that rhPRG4 acts as antifibrotic agent and regulates dermal adipose tissue during the healing processes resulting in a tissue with a trajectory that more resembles the native skin vs. a fibrotic patch. This study provides strong rationale to examine if rhPRG4 can improve regeneration in human wounds.
LncTCONS_00058568 is involved in the pathophysiologic processes mediated by P2X7R in the lower thoracic spinal cord after acute kidney injury
Authors: Wang Yiru , Chen Zhi , Liu Qingquan , Lv Yongman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI), a prevalent clinical syndrome, involves the participation of the nervous system in neuroimmune regulation. However, the intricate molecular mechanism that governs renal function regulation by the central nervous system (CNS) is complex and remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we found that the upregulated expression of lncTCONS_00058568 in lower thoracic spinal cord significantly ameliorated AKI‐induced renal tissue injury, kidney morphology, inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed renal sympathetic nerve activity. Mechanistically, the purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) was overexpressed in AKI rats, whereas lncTCONS_00058568 was able to suppress the upregulation of P2X7R. In addition, RNA sequencing data revealed differentially expressed genes associated with nervous system inflammatory responses after lncTCONS_00058568 was overexpressed in AKI rats. Finally, the overexpression of lncTCONS_00058568 inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt and NF‐κB signaling pathways in spinal cord. Taken together, the results from the present study show that lncTCONS_00058568 overexpression prevented renal injury probably by inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity mediated by P2X7R in the lower spinal cord subsequent to I/R‐AKI.
Sex reporting of cells used in cancer research: A systematic review
Authors: Park Mi‐Na , Kim Sung‐Eun , Choi Sungin , Chang Yoomee , Kim Hyeyoon , Lee Ha‐Eun , Lee Suk Kyeong , Sung Mi‐Kyung , Paik Hee‐Young 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSex and gender disparities in biomedical research have been emphasized to improve scientific knowledge applied for the health of both men and women. Despite sex differences in cancer incidence, prognosis, and responses to therapeutic agents, mechanistic explanations at molecular levels are far from enough. Recent studies suggested that cell sex is an important biological variable due to differences in sex chromosome gene expression and differences in events associated with developmental biology. The objective of this study was to analyze the reporting of sex of cells used in cancer research using articles published in Cancer Cell, Molecular Cancer, Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, and Cancer Research in 2020, and to examine whether there exists any sex bias. We found that the percentage of cells with sex notation in the article was 36.5%. Primary cells exhibited higher sex notation compared to cell lines. A higher percentage of female cells were used in cell cultures with sex notation. Also, sex‐common cells omitted sex description more often compared to sex‐specific cells. None of the cells isolated from embryo and esophagus reported the cell sex in the article. Our results indicate cell sex report in cancer research is limited to a small proportion of cells used in the study. These results call for acknowledging the sex of cells to increase the applicability of biomedical research discoveries.
Resolvin D2 limits atherosclerosis progression via myeloid cell‐GPR18
Authors: Lipscomb Masharh , Walis Sean , Marinello Michael , Mena Hebe Agustina , MacNamara Katherine C. , Spite Matthew , Fredman Gabrielle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDysregulated inflammation‐resolution programs are associated with atherosclerosis progression. Resolvins, in part, mediate inflammation‐resolution programs. Indeed, Resolvin D2 (RvD2) activates GPR18, a G‐protein‐coupled receptor, and limits plaque progression, though the cellular targets of RvD2 remain unknown. Here, we developed a humanized GPR18 floxed (“fl/fl”) and a myeloid (Lysozyme M Cre) GPR18 knockout (mKO) mouse. We functionally validated this model by assessing efferocytosis in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) and found that RvD2 enhanced efferocytosis in the fl/fl, but not in the mKO BMDMs. To understand the functions of RvD2‐GPR18 in atherosclerosis, we performed a bone marrow transfer of fl/fl or mKO bone marrow into Ldlr−/− recipients. For these experiments, we treated each genotype with either Vehicle/PBS or RvD2 (25 ng/mouse, 3 times/week for 3 weeks). Myeloid loss of GPR18 resulted in significantly more necrosis, increased cleaved caspase‐3+ cells and decreased percentage of Arginase‐1+‐Mac2+ cells without a change in overall Mac2+ plaque macrophages, compared with fl/fl➔Ldlr−/− transplanted mice. RvD2 treatment decreased plaque necrosis, the percent of cleaved caspase‐3+ cells and increased the percent of Arginase‐1+‐Mac2+ cells in fl/fl➔Ldlr−/− mice, but not in the mKO➔Ldlr−/− transplanted mice. These results suggest that GPR18 plays a causal role in limiting atherosclerosis progression and that RvD2's ability to limit plaque necrosis is in part dependent on myeloid GRP18.
Alterations in gut microbiota and bile acids by proton‐pump inhibitor use and possible mediating effects on elevated glucose levels and insulin resistance
Authors: He Qiangsheng , Xia Bin , Yang Man , Lu Kuiqing , Fan Die , Li Wenjing , Liu Yuchen , Pan Yihang , Yuan Jinqiu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeveral observational studies have suggested that proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) use might increase diabetes risk, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PPI use on gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) profiles, and to explore whether these changes could mediate the association of PPIs use with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and insulin resistance (IR) in Chinese population. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Shenzhen, China, from April to August 2021, enrolled 200 eligible patients from the local hospital. Participants completed a questionnaire and provided blood and stool samples. Gut microbiome was measured by16S rRNA gene sequencing, and bile acids were quantified by UPLC‐MS/MS. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using the Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 (HOMA2‐IR). PPI use was positively associated with higher levels of FBG and HOMA2‐IR after controlling for possible confounders. PPI users exhibited a decreased Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes phylum, alongside higher levels of glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA). Higher abundances of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacterium as well as higher levels of TCDCA in PPI users were positively associated with elevated FBG or HOMA2‐IR. Mediation analyses indicated that the elevated levels of FBG and HOMA2‐IR with PPI use were partially mediated by the alterations in gut microbiota and specific BAs (i.e., Fusobacterium genera and TCDCA). Long‐term PPI use may increase FBG and HOMA2‐IR levels, and alterations in gut microbiota and BAs profiles may partially explain this association.