bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of inversion pulse type in assessing lung‐oxygen‐enhancement by centrically‐reordered non‐slice‐selective inversion‐recovery half‐Fourier single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE) sequence
Authors: Puderbach Michael , Ohno Yoshiharu , Kawamitsu Hideaki , Koyama Hisanobu , Takenaka Daisuke , Nogami Munenobu , Obara Makoto , Van Cauteren Marc , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Sugimura Kazuro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the influence of inversion pulse type and inversion time for assessment of oxygen‐enhancement on centrically‐reordered non‐slice‐selective inversion‐recovery (IR) half‐Fourier single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE) sequence.Material and MethodsPhantoms with and without 100% oxygen and three healthy volunteers were studied with two‐dimensional (2D) centrically‐reordered non‐slice selective IR‐HASTE sequence with either composite or block inversion‐recovery pulse at increasing inversion times from 200 to 1800 msec. Signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) of phantom, real signal differences, and relative enhancement ratios of lung parenchyma between oxygen‐enhanced and non‐oxygen‐enhanced MR images on composite and block pulse type were statistically compared at each TI.ResultsSNRs at TIs of 200 and 400 msec using the composite inversion pulse type were significantly lower than those with the block inversion pulse in the in vivo study (P < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed in the phantom study and in the in vivo study at inversion times greater than or equal to 600 msec. Real signal intensity (SI) differences at 400 and 600 msec of the composite inversion pulse type were significantly higher than those with the block inversion pulse type (P < 0.05). Relative enhancement ratio at 800 msec with the composite inversion pulse were significantly lower than that with the block inversion pulse (P < 0.05).ConclusionIR pulse type and inversion time have influence on assessment of oxygen‐enhancement by centrically‐reordered non‐slice‐selective IR‐HASTE sequence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1133–1138. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
STIR turbo SE MR imaging vs. coregistered FDG‐PET/CT: Quantitative and qualitative assessment of N‐stage in non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Ohno Yoshiharu , Koyama Hisanobu , Nogami Munenobu , Takenaka Daisuke , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Yoshimura Masahiro , Ohbayashi Chiho , Sugimura Kazuro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo conduct a prospective comparison of the accuracy of short inversion time (TI) inversion‐recovery (STIR) turbo spin‐echo (SE) imaging and coregistered 2‐[fluorine‐18] fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) (coregistered FDG‐PET/CT) to assess the N‐stage in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 115 consecutive NSCLC patients prospectively underwent CT, STIR turbo SE imaging, and FDG‐PET, as well as surgical and pathological examinations. All STIR turbo SE images were obtained with a 0.9% saline phantom, which was placed alongside the chest wall of each patient, and coregistered FDG‐PET/CTs were reconstructed using commercially available software. For quantitative assessments, the ratio of signal intensity (SI) of each lymph node to that of 0.9% saline phantom (lymph node‐saline ratio [LSR]) and maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of each lymph node were calculated. Feasible threshold values were determined by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve‐based positive test, and diagnostic capabilities of N‐stage were compared by McNemar's test on a per patient basis.ResultsWhen feasible, threshold values were adopted, quantitative sensitivity (90.1%) and accuracy (92.2%) of STIR turbo SE imaging were significantly higher than those of quantitative and qualitative sensitivities (76.7% and 74.4%) and accuracies (83.5% and 82.6%) of coregistered FDG‐PET/CT on a per patient basis (P < 0.05).ConclusionSTIR turbo SE imaging is at least as valid as coregistered FDG‐PET/CT for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the N‐stage for NSCLC patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1071–1080. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A practical method for 2D multiple‐animal MRI
Authors: Ramirez Marc S. , Bankson James A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo investigate practical methods for achieving routine simultaneous 2D MRI of multiple animals in large‐bore experimental scanners.Materials and MethodsThree four‐element array geometries were compared against a standard single‐coil configuration in terms of image quality, ease of use, and data efficiency using a four‐channel, 4.7 T small animal imaging system.ResultsA linear arrangement of volume resonators permits unobstructed animal preparation and use of an imaging protocol that is almost identical to the single‐coil configuration without requiring any image correction or other additional postprocessing. Resulting in vivo images were visually indistinguishable from those acquired through the single‐coil configuration.ConclusionThe efficiency of animal studies employing 2D MRI techniques can be substantially improved by using a linear array of commercially available resonators. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1162–1166. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI of early‐ and late‐stage arterial remodeling in a low‐level cholesterol‐fed rabbit model of atherosclerosis
Authors: Ronald John A. , Walcarius Rhonda , Robinson John F. , Hegele Robert A. , Rutt Brian K. , Rogers Kem A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo monitor early‐ and late‐stage arterial remodeling following low‐level cholesterol (CH) feeding in rabbits using a standardized MRI protocol.Materials and MethodsNew Zealand White rabbits were fed a CH diet (0.25% w/w) (n = 15) or normal chow (n = 6) and imaged either at 0, 2, 6, 8, and 11 months (“early‐stage”) or 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 months (“late‐stage”). T2‐weighted fast‐spin‐echo images (≈200 μm in‐plane resolution) of aortic lesions were collected using either a 1.5 or 3.0T MR scanner interfaced with a customized surface RF coil. Luminal (LA), outer vessel wall boundary (OVBA), and vessel wall areas (VWA) were assessed.ResultsAmong CH‐fed animals in the early‐stage group, increased VWA associated with decreased OVBA and a more pronounced decrease in LA was first detectable at 8 months. These changes became more evident between 8 and 11 months. In the late‐stage group, lesions continued to grow in response to CH‐feeding, as VWA significantly increased at regular 2‐month intervals. Beyond 16 months, signal intensity differences (reflecting increased lesion complexity) within the vessel wall were noted.ConclusionThis often‐overlooked rabbit model combined with customized MR technology holds tremendous promise for studying the natural progression, regression, and remodeling of atherosclerotic lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1010–1019. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case of choledochocele mimicking choledocholithiasis on MR cholangiography: A new differential diagnosis of pseudo‐filling defect
Authors: Izumiya Masashi , Tamada Kiichi , Tomiyama Takeshi , Hanatsuka Kazunobu , Ohashi Akira , Sugano Kentaro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe present the case of a 79‐year‐old female with acute cholangitis and cholecystitis who presented with right upper quadrant pain. Thin‐collimation MR cholangiogram showed a filling defect measuring 1 cm, which was less prominent on single‐slab images. Endoscopy showed dynamic ballooning and collapsing of the ampulla of Vater, and a cholangiogram showed characteristic bulging at the distal common bile duct, which led to the diagnosis of choledochocele. It is important to differentiate choledochocele as a cause of filling defect of the lower common bile duct on the MR cholangiogram. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1097–1100. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Pseudoseptum” of the uterine cervix on MRI
Authors: El Jack Amr K. , Siegelman Evan S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence of a longitudinal “pseudoseptum” on T2‐weighted MR images within the cervices of women who do not have a uterine anomaly.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed 317 consecutive female pelvic MR examinations performed at a single institution over a four‐month period. All examinations included T2‐weighted sequences in at least two orthogonal planes. Of the 317 studies, 57 were excluded due to prior radical hysterectomy. Axial and coronal T2‐weighted images of the remaining 260 examinations were evaluated for the presence of a longitudinal low T2 signal intensity structure within the endocervical lumen that mimicked the appearance of a septum. Interpretations were performed independently by two MR radiologists and kappa analysis of interobserver agreement was performed.ResultsIn 50 (19%) of the 260 women, both readers noted the presence of a pseudoseptum on at least one imaging plane. In 162 (62%), neither reader noted a pseudoseptum. Overall, there was 81% agreement between the readers. Kappa analysis yielded a value of 0.55, indicating a moderate degree of interobserver agreement beyond chance.ConclusionA pseudoseptum was depicted in 20% to 30% of women's cervices on T2‐weighted imaging. We hypothesize that chance long‐axis depiction of the endocervical folds can mimic a cervical septum. The presence of a pseudoseptum on MRI should be considered a normal finding and not a feature of a developmental anomaly of the uterus or cervix. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:963–965. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization and validation of a fully‐integrated pulse sequence for modified look‐locker inversion‐recovery (MOLLI) T1 mapping of the heart
Authors: Messroghli Daniel R. , Greiser Andreas , Fröhlich Mirko , Dietz Rainer , Schulz‐Menger Jeanette 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo optimize and validate a fully‐integrated version of modified Look‐Locker inversion‐recovery (MOLLI) for clinical single‐breathhold cardiac T1 mapping.Materials and MethodsA MOLLI variant allowing direct access to all pulse sequence parameters was implemented on a 1.5T MR system. Varying four critical sequence parameters, MOLLI was performed in eight gadolinium‐doped agarose gel phantoms at different simulated heart rates. T1 values were derived for each variant and compared to nominal T1 values. Based on the results, MOLLI was performed in midcavity short‐axis views of 20 healthy volunteers pre‐ and post‐Gd‐DTPA.ResultsIn phantoms, a readout flip angle of 35°, minimum TI of 100 msec, TI increment of 80 msec, and use of three pausing heart cycles allowed for most accurate and least heart rate–dependent T1 measurements. Using this pulse sequence scheme in humans, T1 relaxation times in normal myocardium were comparable to data from previous studies, and showed narrow ranges both pre‐ and postcontrast without heart rate dependency.ConclusionWe present an optimized implementation of MOLLI for fast T1 mapping with high spatial resolution, which can be integrated into routine imaging protocols. T1 accuracy is superior to the original set of pulse sequence parameters and heart rate dependency is avoided. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1081–1086. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Method for automatic localization of MR‐visible markers using morphological image processing and conventional pulse sequences: Feasibility for image‐guided procedures
Authors: Busse Harald , Trampel Robert , Gründer Wilfried , Moche Michael , Kahn Thomas 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of an automated method to determine the 3D position of MR‐visible markers.Materials and MethodsInductively coupled RF coils were imaged in a whole‐body 1.5T scanner using the body coil and two conventional gradient echo sequences (FLASH and TrueFISP) and large imaging volumes up to (300 mm3). To minimize background signals, a flip angle of ≈1° was used. Morphological 2D image processing in orthogonal scan planes was used to determine the 3D positions of a configuration of three fiducial markers (FMC). The accuracies of the marker positions and of the orientation of the plane defined by the FMC were evaluated at various distances rM from the isocenter.ResultsFiducial marker detection with conventional equipment (pulse sequences, imaging coils) was very reliable and highly reproducible over a wide range of experimental conditions. For rM ≤ 100 mm, the estimated maximum errors in 3D position and angular orientation were 1.7 mm and 0.33°, respectively. For rM ≤ 175 mm, the respective values were 2.9 mm and 0.44°.ConclusionsDetection and localization of MR‐visible markers by morphological image processing is feasible, simple, and very accurate. In combination with safe wireless markers, the method is found to be useful for image‐guided procedures. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1087–1096. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution T1 mapping of the brain at 3T with driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 with high‐speed incorporation of RF field inhomogeneities (DESPOT1‐HIFI)
Authors: Deoni Sean C.L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo investigate an alternative approach to correct for flip angle inaccuracies in the driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 (DESPOT1) T1 mapping method.Materials and MethodsWhile DESPOT1 is a robust method for rapid whole‐brain voxelwise mapping of the longitudinal relaxation time, the approach is inherently sensitive to inaccuracies in the transmitted flip angle, defined by the B1 field, which become more severe with increased field. Here we propose an extension of the DESPOT1 technique, involving the additional acquisition of an inversion‐prepared SPGR image alongside the conventional multiangle DESPOT1 data. From these combined data both B1 and T1 may be determined with high accuracy and precision. The method is evaluated at 3T with phantom and in vivo imaging experiments, with derived T1 estimates compared with values calculated from multiple inversion time inversion recovery data.ResultsThe method provides robust correction of flip angle variations, with less than 5% error compared with reference values for T1 between 300 msec and 2500 msec.ConclusionsThe described approach, dubbed DESPOT1‐HIFI, permits whole‐brain T1 mapping at 3T, with 1 mm3 isotropic voxels, in a clinically feasible time (≈10 minutes) with T1 accuracy greater than 5% and with high precision. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1106–1111. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR evidence of long T2 water in pathological white matter
Authors: Laule Cornelia , Vavasour Irene M. , Mädler Burkhard , Kolind Shannon H. , Sirrs Sandra M. , Brief Elana E. , Traboulsee Anthony L. , Moore G.R. Wayne , Li David K.B. , MacKay Alex L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo describe what, if any, specific long T2‐related abnormalities occur in the white matter of subjects with either phenylketonuria (PKU) or multiple sclerosis (MS).Materials and MethodsThe 48‐echo T2 relaxation data (maximum TE = 1.12 sec) were acquired from 15 PKU subjects, 20 MS subjects, and 15 healthy volunteers. Regions of interest were drawn in diffuse white matter hyperintensities (DiffWM), lesions, normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), and normal white matter. Long T2 maps (200 msec < T2 < 800 msec) were created for each subject.ResultsA new water reservoir with a markedly prolonged T2 peak was identified in DiffWM and NAWM in 12 out of 15 subjects with PKU and a long T2 signal was also seen in 23/97 lesions in 50% of subjects with MS. Additionally, a long T2 component was observed in the corticospinal tracts of 10 healthy volunteers. The characteristics of the long T2 signal were unique for each subject group. Potential sources of this signal include vacuolation and increases in extracellular water.ConclusionThis study supports the usefulness of increasing the data acquisition window of the multiecho T2 relaxation sequence to better characterize the T2 decay from pathological brain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1117–1121. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Steady‐state free precession MRA of the renal arteries: Breath‐hold and navigator‐gated techniques vs. CE‐MRA
Authors: Maki Jeffrey H. , Wilson Gregory J. , Eubank William B. , Glickerman David J. , Pipavath Sudhakar , Hoogeveen Romhild M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo explore the use of breath‐hold and navigator‐gated noncontrast Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) MR angiography (MRA) protocols for the evaluation of renal artery stenosis (RAS).Materials and MethodsTwenty patients referred to rule out RAS were imaged using two breath‐hold and one navigator‐gated SSFP MRA sequences. All patients underwent contrast‐enhanced MRA (CE‐MRA). Two radiologists evaluated all sequences both qualitatively (blur, artifacts, reader confidence) and quantitatively (maximum stenosis). Using CE‐MRA as truth, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was generated and a statistical analysis of navigator‐gated SSFP (Nav SSFP) was performed.ResultsSeven patients had >50% renal artery stenosis by CE‐MRA. Nav SSFP performed significantly better than either breath‐hold SSFP technique in terms of blur, artifacts, and reader confidence. Using a 50% threshold for stenosis, sensitivity for detecting RAS was 100%, with a specificity of 85% and a negative predictive value of 100%. The average mean stenosis difference between Nav SSFP and CE‐MRA was 9 ± 9%.ConclusionNav SSFP outperformed breath‐hold SSFP in measures of image quality and reader confidence. Sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting RAS with Nav SSFP was perfect, with an acceptable specificity of 85%. This suggests further study is warranted to evaluate Nav SSFP as a noncontrast screening technique for renal artery stenosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:966–973. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Balancing fertility management and economics in organic field vegetable rotations
Authors: Schmutz Ulrich , Rayns Francis , Firth Chris 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Organic field‐scale vegetables are among the most profitable enterprises in organic farming systems. They are also some of the most nutrient‐demanding crops, and many organic arable systems with field‐scale vegetables are stockless. Without livestock manure inputs, nutrient supply depends on fertility‐building crops, which generate only costs and no income. Different strategies of fertility management were compared on a central England research farm. Fertility management treatments consisted of different lengths of fertility building with green waste compost additions. Outputs and inputs in terms of nutrients and economics were monitored for 31 rotations during 1996–2002.RESULTS: N, P and K rotational nutrient balances, as well as C inputs, showed a negative relationship with rotational gross margins. Variable and allocated fixed costs of fertility building were low, between 2 and 5% of variable costs (£0.5–2 ha−1 for 1 kg N ha−1 supplied to the rotation). The intensity of vegetable cropping in these rotations was moderate (25–40% vegetable crops in the rotation) and balancing of fertility management and economics was possible at this intensity without livestock manure or other permitted fertiliser additions.CONCLUSION: Completely stockless systems (in analogy may be called vegan) are possible in organic vegetable production without compromising on fertility or economics. However, for a higher vegetable‐cropping intensity (up to 90%) a more sophisticated mix of short‐term fertility‐building and N‐trapping crops will be needed and such rotations may require further external addition of green waste or livestock manure. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of the stage of growth, wilting and inoculation in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) silages, III. Changes in the herbage and silage protein profiles
Authors: Cavallarin Laura , Borreani Giorgio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effects of stage of growth, field wilting and inoculation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the protein profile of herbage and silage were studied on field peas (Pisum sativum L.) harvested at four progressive morphological stages (end of flowering, I; beginning of pod filling, II; advanced pod filling, III; beginning of ripening, IV). The herbage was field wilted to a dry matter (DM) content around 330 g kg−1, for each stage of growth. The unwilted and wilted herbages were ensiled with (I) and without (C) a LAB inoculant.RESULTS: As a result of the advancing maturity of the crop, the main protein component was Rubisco in the early stages and seed storage proteins in the more advanced stages, due to the redistribution of organic nitrogen during seed filling. Extensive degradation of Rubisco occurred in all the silages, without any effect of inoculation or wilting. A good preservation of the proteins was observed in stage IV for both unwilted and wilted silages, without further protein preservation due to LAB inoculation.CONCLUSION: Protein protection observed in the more mature pea silage was due to the protein type and its localization and not to the level of DM at ensiling or to the inoculation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Distribution and biochemical composition of large and small seeds of soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Guleria Shaileja , Sharma Sucheta , Gill Balwinder S , Munshi Satish K 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The position of soybean seeds on the stem axis brings about differences in seed filling during seed development, which contributes to different seed size and results in determining the quality of seeds for food usage. The quality differences between the large and small seeds are reported.RESULTS: The proportion of large seeds was higher at the apical portion while small seeds predominated at the basal portion of the soybean stem axis. The contents of lipids, starch, soluble sugars and soluble proteins were higher in large seeds as compared to those in small ones. The proportion of membrane lipid components, on a 10‐kernel basis, was higher in large seeds. The proportion of palmitate and oleate was also higher in large seeds. SDS‐PAGE analysis showed that glycinin (11S) proteins of 46 and 32 kDa were at higher concentrations, while 158 and 20 kDa were at lower concentration in large seeds in comparison to small seeds. Likewise, β‐conglycinins (7S) of 75, 62 and 46 kDa were higher in large seeds compared to small ones.CONCLUSION: Segregating the seeds of apical from the basal portion of soybean plant at harvest is expected to improve the germination, growth, yield and food‐processing aspects. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Backbone Dynamics of the Nafion Ionomer Studied by 19F‐13C Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Chen Qiang , Schmidt‐Rohr Klaus 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe chain dynamics of a perfluorinated ionomer, Nafion®, have been studied by 19F and 19F‐13C solid‐state NMR at 295 K. The backbone of Nafion is essentially poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), which was investigated for reference. Fast uniaxial rotations of the helical backbone were confirmed in PTFE and detected similarly in Nafion, though with a distribution of amplitudes. The rotations produce motionally averaged 19F‐13C dipolar couplings and chemical shift anisotropies (CSAs) that are linearly correlated. Additional narrowing of the CSAs indicated that the backbone axis in hydrated Nafion moves with an amplitude >15°. Motional amplitudes of various backbone and side‐branch sites were inferred from motionally averaged 19F CSA parameters measured with CSA recoupling. They increase with the distance from the branch point, e.g., to >25° in the center of the side branch. Implications for the chain and supramolecular structure of Nafion are discussed.magnified image