bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid-Onset Obesity With Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypoventilation, and Autonomic Dysregulation Presenting in Childhood
Authors: Ize-Ludlow Diego , Gray Juliette A. , Sperling Mark A. , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth M. , Milunsky Jeff M. , Farooqi I. Sadaf , Rand Casey M. , Weese-Mayer Debra E. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to characterize the phenotype and potential candidate genes responsible for the syndrome of late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction.METHODS. Individuals with late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction who were referred to Rush University Medical Center for clinical or genetic assessment in the past 3 years were identified, and medical charts were reviewed to determine shared characteristics of the affected subjects. Blood was collected for genetic testing of candidate genes (PHOX2B, TRKB, and BDNF) and for high-resolution conventional G-banding, subtelomeric fluorescent in situ hybridization, and comparative genomic hybridization analysis. A subset of these children were studied in the Pediatric Respiratory Physiology Laboratory at Rush University Medical Center.RESULTS. Twenty-three children with what we are now naming rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation were identified. Comprehensive medical charts and blood for genetic testing were available for 15 children; respiratory physiology studies were performed at Rush University Medical Center on 9 children. The most characteristic manifestations were the presentation of rapid-onset obesity in the first 10 years of life (median age at onset: 3 years), followed by hypothalamic dysfunction and then onset of symptoms of autonomic dysregulation (median age at onset: 3.6 years) with later onset of alveolar hypoventilation (median age at onset: 6.2 years). Testing of candidate genes (PHOX2B, TRKB, and BDNF) revealed no mutations or rare variants. High-resolution chromosome analysis, comparative genomic hybridization, and subtelomeric fluorescent in situ hybridization results were negative for the 2 patients selected for those analyses.CONCLUSIONS. We provide a comprehensive description of the clinical spectrum of rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation in terms of timing and scope of symptoms, study of candidate genes, and screening for chromosomal deletions and duplications. Negative PHOX2B sequencing results demonstrate that this entity is distinct from congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
Children Plus All Nonautomobile Motorized Vehicles (Not Just All-Terrain Vehicles) Equals Injuries
Authors: Collins Christy L. , Smith Gary A. , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVES. The goals were to describe the epidemiological features of pediatric nonautomobile motorized vehicle–related injuries sustained between 1990 and 2003 and to compare all-terrain vehicle–related injuries with other types of nonautomobile motorized vehicle–related injuries.
METHODS. An analysis of nationally representative pediatric nonautomobile motorized vehicle–related injury data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was performed.
RESULTS. Nationally, an estimated 1203800 children were treated in hospital emergency departments for nonautomobile motorized vehicle–related injuries between 1990 and 2003. These children had a mean age of 12.7 years (range: 1 month to 19 years), and 77.0% were male. The majority of injuries were associated with all-terrain vehicles (44.8%), 2-wheeled off-road vehicles (21.1%), and go-carts/buggies (13.7%). The most common diagnoses were contusions/abrasions (28.3%), fractures (24.2%), and lacerations (20.0%). Overall, the number of injuries increased 86% from 70500 injuries in 1990 to 130900 injuries in 2003. The numbers of all-terrain vehicle–related, 2-wheeled off-road vehicle–related, 2-wheeled on-road vehicle–related, and go-cart/buggy-related injuries all increased significantly from 1990 to 2003. There were greater proportions of all-terrain vehicle-associated injuries among children ≥16 years of age (48.0%) and children 12 to 15 years of age (46.6%) than among children &lt;12 years of age (40.3%). Conversely, the proportion of other nonautomobile motorized vehicle–related injuries among children &lt;12 years of age (47.2%) was greater than that among children 12 to 15 years of age (30.3%) and children ≥16 years of age (23.0%).
CONCLUSIONS. Although most public health and legislative attention to date has been focused on all-terrain vehicles, parents, children, and public officials should be educated about the injury risk that all types of nonautomobile motorized vehicles pose to children.
Characteristics of the Pediatric Hospitalist Workforce: Its Roles and Work Environment
Authors: Freed Gary L. , Brzoznowski Kathryn , Neighbors Kamilah , Lakhani Indu ,   American Board of Pediatrics, Research Advisory Committee
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE. Over the past 10 years, the use of hospitalists has grown in both the adult and pediatric setting as a response to pressure to deliver cost-effective, high-quality care. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the variation in the clinical roles, educational responsibilities, work patterns, and employment characteristics of pediatric hospitalists. This lack of information hampers efforts to define the nature of the field and determine whether any formalized, additional training or experience should be required for physicians in this clinical practice domain.
DESIGN. We conducted a telephone survey of a national sample of pediatric hospitalist program directors (n = 116). Questionnaire items focused on exploring the clinical roles, work patterns, employment characteristics, and training of pediatric hospitalists within each institution. Results were stratified by teaching hospitals, urban/rural location, hospital size, and membership in the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions.
RESULTS. The response rate was 97%. The majority of hospitals surveyed (70%) reported that hospitalists do not generate enough income from professional billing to pay their salaries. Fewer than half (39%) of respondents reported that their hospital measures pediatric clinical outcomes associated with hospitalist care. A total of 42% of hospitalist program directors reported that most of their hospitalists had an average duration of employment of &lt;3 years. In programs with residents, hospitalists serve as teaching attendings for pediatric patients in almost all cases (89%).
CONCLUSIONS. Hospital medicine is a rapidly growing enterprise. A better understanding of both its participants, as well as those affected by its practice, will enable planning for a future that meets as many needs as possible while ensuring the best possible care for children.
Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations for Use of Varicella Vaccines in Children, Including a Recommendation for a Routine 2-Dose Varicella Immunization Schedule
Authors:   Committee on Infectious Diseases
Published: July 2007

This Clinical Report was retired January 2014.
National varicella immunization coverage using the current 1-dose immunization strategy has increased among vaccine-eligible children 19 through 35 months of age from 27% in 1997 to 88% by 2005. These high immunization rates have resulted in a 71% to 84% decrease in the reported number of varicella cases, an 88% decrease in varicella-related hospitalizations, a 59% decrease in varicella-related ambulatory care visits, and a 92% decrease in varicella-related deaths in 1- to 4-year-old children when compared with data from the prevaccine era. Despite this significant decrease, the number of reported cases of varicella has remained relatively constant during the past 5 to 6 years. Since vaccine effectiveness for prevention of disease of any severity has been 80% to 85%, a large number of cases of varicella continue to occur among people who already have received the vaccine (breakthrough varicella), and outbreaks of varicella have been reported among highly immunized populations of schoolchildren. The peak age-specific incidence has shifted from 3- to 6-year-old children in the prevaccine era to 9- to 11-year-old children in the postvaccine era for cases in both immunized and unimmunized children during these outbreaks. Outbreaks of varicella are likely to continue with the current 1-dose immunization strategy.
After administration of 2 doses of varicella vaccine in children, the immune response is markedly enhanced, with &gt;99% of children achieving an antibody concentration (determined by glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of ≥5 U/mL (an approximate correlate of protection) and a marked increase in geometric mean antibody titers after the second vaccine dose. The estimated vaccine efficacy over a 10-year observation period of 2 doses for prevention of any varicella disease is 98% (compared with 94% for 1 dose), with 100% efficacy for prevention of severe disease. Recipients of 2 doses of varicella vaccine are 3.3-fold less likely to have breakthrough varicella, compared with those who are given 1 dose, during the first 10 years after immunization.
To achieve greater levels of immunity with fewer serosusceptible people, greater protection against breakthrough varicella disease, and reduction in the number of outbreaks that occur nationwide among school-aged populations, a 2-dose varicella immunization strategy is now recommended for children ≥12 months of age.
Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on bovine cartilage explants under long-term culture conditions
Authors: Chan Pooi-See , Caron John P. , Orth Michael W. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of glucosamine (GLN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) on expression of genes encoding putative mediators of osteoarthritis in bovine cartilage explants cultured for 2 weeks.
Sample Population—Articular cartilage explants harvested from carpal joints of 4 Holstein steers after slaughter.
Procedures—Cartilage disks were treated as follows: fetal bovine serum only (control treatment), human recombinant interleukin (IL)-1β (50 ng/mL; IL-1 treatment), GLN (5 μg/mL) with addition of CS (20 μg/mL; GLN-CS treatment), and human recombinant IL-1β (50 ng/mL) with addition of GLN and CS (IL-1–GLN-CS treatment). Media were analyzed for nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release. Explants were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR analysis; expressions of mRNA for inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -13, aggrecanase-1 and -2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3, type II collagen, and aggrecan were assessed.
Results—IL-1–GLN-CS and GLN-CS treatments decreased nitrite release, compared with IL-1 treatment; IL-1–GLN-CS treatment decreased IL-1–induced PGE2 release. Expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 mRNA were abrogated by GLN-CS and IL-1–GLN-CS treatments. Interleukin-1–induced mRNA expressions of proteolytic enzymes were diminished by IL-1–GLN-CS treatment. Compared with control treatment, GLN-CS treatment decreased MMP-3 and aggrecanase-2 mRNA expression. Transcripts of TIMP-3 were increased by IL-1–GLN-CS treatment, compared with IL-1 treatment. Genes encoding type II collagen and aggrecan on day 14 were upregulated by GLN-CS and IL-1–GLN-CS treatments, compared with control treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with GLN and CS consistently downregulated mRNA expression for inflammatory mediators and matrix degrading enzymes while increasing TIMP-3 transcripts.
Computed tomographic evaluation of growth-related changes in the hip joints of young dogs
Authors: Fujiki Makoto , Kurima Yuichiro , Yamanokuchi Kazuto , Misumi Kazuhiro , Sakamoto Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate changes in canine hip joint characteristics during growth via computed tomography (CT) and compare CT features of hip joints with and without laxity in young dogs placed in 2 imaging positions.
Animals—21 dogs (42 hip joints).
Procedures—From 2 to 12 months after birth, CT examinations of the acetabulum of each hip joint in simulated normal standing and simulated weight-bearing positions were performed monthly for all dogs. Acetabular angle, dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA), and femoral head diameter (FHd) were analyzed as skeletal variables; the lateral center edge angle (LCEA), dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score, and center distance (CD) index were analyzed as joint laxity variables. At 12 months, all dogs underwent the Ortolani test to as-sess hip joint laxity.
Results—Hip joint laxity was detected in 5 dogs (10 joints) at 12 months of age; from 2 months, the acetabular angle and FHd increased and DARA decreased significantly until 5 months and the LCEA and DLS score increased significantly until 6 months. In nonlax hip joints in both positions, the CD index decreased significantly until 4 months of age and be-came stable thereafter. In lax hip joints, the CD index increased from 4 through 12 months; between 8 and 12 months, these changes were significantly greater in the weight-bearing position than in the standing position.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that CT-detected abnormalities in the DARA and CD index during body weight loading might be useful indicators of hip dysplasia in 2- to 6-month-old dogs.
Effect of adjunctive treatment with intravenously administered Propionibacterium acnes on reproductive performance in mares with persistent endometritis
Authors: Rohrbach Barton W. , Sheerin Peter C. , Cantrell Charles K. , Matthews Phillip M. , Steiner John V. , Dodds Lewis E. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether treatment with a preparation of Propionibacterium acnes would improve pregnancy and live foal rates in mares with persistent endometritis.
Design—Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Animals—95 mares with a cytologic diagnosis of persistent endometritis.
Procedures—Mares were treated with P acnes or placebo (both administered IV) on days 0, 2, and 6. No attempt was made to alter additional treatments administered by attending veterinarians. Information on breeding history, physical examination findings, results of cytologic examination and microbial culture of uterine samples, additional treatments administered, breeding dates, results of pregnancy examinations, whether a live foal was produced, and reactions to treatment was recorded.
Results—In multivariate logistic regression models, mare age, year of entry into the study, and first breeding within 8 days after first treatment with P acnes or placebo were significantly associated with pregnancy. Fewer number of cycles bred and younger age were significantly associated with delivery of a live foal in a separate multivariate analysis. Results of multivariate logistic regression modeling indicated that mares treated with P acnes were more likely to become pregnant and to deliver a live foal, compared with placebo-treated controls.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV administration of P acnes as an adjunct to conventional treatments in mares with a cytologic diagnosis of persistent endometritis improved pregnancy and live foal rates. The optimal effect was detected in mares bred during the interval extending from 2 days before to 8 days after first treatment with P acnes.
Étude comparative des compétences grammaticales d’élèves du secondaire en FL1 et en FL2 au Manitoba
Authors: Rivard Léonard P. , Dilk Sylvie , Barnabé Gisèle 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:In 2001, Rivard published a study on the composition of summaries written by high school students and based on a scientific text which had appeared in a non-technical science magazine. The author reported that there were a number of important differences in the use of language between FL1 and FL2 students. The present article focuses on the results of the second phase of the research; it examines six categories of words or grammar groupings. The summaries produced by students were evaluated using a specific marking scheme composed of 38 types of errors, which were then further subdivided into six categories: the noun, the verb, the pronoun, spelling, syntax, and expression. A statistical, quantitative analysis of the number of errors for each category variable was produced. The researchers identified the variables where significant differences existed between the two groups of students, as well as the categories where major improvements had occurred during secondary school. A further detailed analysis allowed the researchers to describe the strengths and weaknesses of both groups of students.
A Simple and Rapid Flow‐Injection Chemiluminescence Method for the Determination of Noscapine with Ru(phen)32+‐Ce(IV) System
Authors: Rezaei Behzad , Mokhtari Ali , Khayamian Taghi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) system was used for the determination of noscapine. This technique is based on the reduction effect of noscapine on the Ru(phen)33+, which is produced by reaction between Ru(phen)32+ and acidic Ce(IV) solutions, and this rapid reduction produces strong CL. Calibration plots were linear over the range of 3.0×10‐7‐2.0×10‐6 mol L‐1 and 2.0×10‐6‐2.0×10‐4 mol L‐1. The CL intensity was so high, that it is able to produce a detection limit of 6.6×10‐8 M noscapine (3σ). The relative standard deviation of 2.0×10‐6 M noscapine was 1.0% (n=10). The proposed method was successfully applied for the flow injection determination of noscapine in cough and Tonin syrup samples. The results of real sample analyses show good recovery percentages (97.3‐102.4%). The minimum sampling rate was 100 samples per hour.
Solid‐Phase Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Mercury with 6‐Mercaptopurine in Environmental Samples
Authors: Saber‐Tehrani Mohammad , Hashemi‐Moghaddam Hamid , Husain S. Waqif , Zare Karim 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA highly selective, sensitive and rapid method for the determination of trace amounts of inorganic mercury based on the reaction of Hg (II) with 6‐mercaptopurine and the solid phase extraction of the complex on C18 membrane disks was developed. The 6‐mercaptopurine selectively reacts with Hg (II) to form a complex in the pH range of 5‐8. This complex was preconcentrated by solid phase extraction with C18 disks. An enrichment factor of 100 was achieved. The molar absorptivity of the complex is 0.26 ×10‐6 L. mol‐1. cm‐1 measured at 315 nm. The Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.002 – 0.048 μg mL‐1. The relative standard deviation for eleven‐replicated measurement of 0.04 μg mL‐1 is 1.5 %. The detection limit is 0.001 μg mL‐1 in the water samples. The advantage of the method is that the determination of Hg (II) is free from interference of almost all the cations and anions found in environment and wastewater samples. The determination of Hg (II) in water samples of different origins and marine sediment were carried out by the present method and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). Also the method's accuracy was investigated by using SRM 2709. The obtained results by the present procedure were in good agreement with those of the CVAAS and certified value, so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed for the real samples.
Potentiometric Studies of Binary and Ternary Complexes Involving Cadmium(II) and Nitrilo‐Tris(Methyl Phosphonic Acid) with Amino Acids, peptides and DNA Constituents
Authors: Shoukry Azza A. , Shoukry Mohamed M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe complexing properties of nitrilo‐tris(methylphosphonic acid) (NTP) with cadmium(II) were investigated pH‐metrically at 25 °C and at ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm‐3 (NaNO3). Stoichiometry and stability constants for the complexes formed are reported. Cadmium (II) forms Cd(NTP)4‐ and the corresponding hydroxy complexes. The ternary complexes are formed in a stepwise mechanism whereby NTP binds to cadmium(II), followed by coordination of amino acids, peptides or DNA. The concentration distribution of the various complex species has been evaluated.
Complex Formation Reactions of Lanthanum(III), Cerium(III), Thorium(IV), Dioxouranyl(IV) Complexes with Tricine
Authors: Mohamed Mahmoud M. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEquilibrium studies for the heavy metal ions La(III), Ce(III), Th(IV) and UO2(IV) (M) complexes of the zwitterionic buffer tricine (L) in aqueous solution are investigated. Stoichiometry and stability constants for the different complexes formed as well as hydrolysis products of the metal cations are determined at 25 °C and ionic strength 0.1 M NaNO3. The stability of the formed complexes are discussed in terms of the nature of the heavy metal cation. The solid complexes are synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, FTIR, and TG analysis. The general molecular formulae of the obtained complexes is suggested to be [M(L)2](NO3)n‐2(H2O)x, where n = the charge of the metal cation, x = no. of water molecules.
Synthetic, spectral, thermal and antimicrobial studies on some bis(N,N′‐dialkyldithiocarbamato) antimony(III) alkylenedithiophosphates
Authors: Chauhan H. P. S. , Singh U. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBis(N, N′‐dialkyldithiocarbamato)antimony(III) alkylenedithiophosphates of the type [R2NCS2]2 SbS(S)POGO [where NR2 = N(CH3)2, N(C2H5)2 and N(CH2)4; G = CH2C(C2H5)2CH2, CH2C(CH3)2CH2, CH(CH3)CH(CH3)and C(CH3)2C(CH3)2] were synthesized and characterized by physico‐chemical, spectral [UV, IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P)] and thermal (TG, DTA and DSC) analysis. The TG decomposition analysis step of the complex indicated the formation of Sb2S3 as the final product. The first endothermic peak in DSC indicated the melting point of the complexes. These complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activities using the disk diffusion method. All the complexes showed good activity as antibacterial and antifungal agents on some selected bacterial and fungal strains, which increased on increasing the concentration. Chloroamphenicol and terbinafin were used as standards for comparison. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time hair simulation on GPU with a dynamic wisp model
Authors: Oshita Masaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we present a method for real‐time hair animation. We combine a conventional particle‐based dynamic simulation and a dynamic hair generation technique. First, the movements of a small number of hairs (coarse model) are simulated using a dynamic simulation. Since this stage uses only a small number of hairs, the simulation is quick. A larger number of hairs (fine model) are then generated from the coarse model using a dynamic wisp model. The shape of a wisp and the shapes of the individual strands are geometrically controlled based on the velocity of the corresponding particle in the coarse model. This model simulates hair‐‐hair interactions between the strands in the hair wisps. Our method is designed to work on a GPU and generates a realistic hair animation in real‐time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.