bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVIEW: Movement disorders and alcohol misuse
Authors: Hess Christopher W. , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTMany movement disorders, including tics, chorea, tremor, myoclonus and parkinsonism, may result from substance abuse. However, alcohol in particular is associated in a more complex manner with two specific movement disorders, essential tremor (ET) and myoclonus–dystonia (M‐D). In this review we discuss the comorbidity of alcohol abuse in both ET and M‐D, the ameliorative effects of alcohol in both diseases, and review the data evaluating alcohol abuse secondary to self‐medication. We also discuss shared pathophysiologic mechanisms in the understanding of both of these disorders, as the elucidation of the mechanisms by which alcohol exerts its effects may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
CLINICAL STUDY: Cortisol concentrations, stress‐coping styles after withdrawal and long‐term abstinence in alcohol dependence
Authors: Walter Marc , Gerhard Urs , Gerlach Manfred , Weijers Heinz‐Gerd , Boening Jobst , Wiesbeck Gerhard A. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTAlcohol‐dependent patients face a substantial risk of relapse after detoxification. A major risk factor for relapse is stress which is reflected biologically by various physiological changes that include an activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and release of glucocorticoids. The prospective study examined cortisol concentrations and stress‐coping styles in relation to abstinence 1 year following discharge from treatment. Cortisol concentrations were measured in the plasma of 46 alcohol‐dependent patients (12 women) on initial presentation for treatment (day 1), and again in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after 6 weeks of abstinence (day 40). These results were compared with those of 26 age‐ and sex‐matched, healthy control subjects. After withdrawal, the patients completed a comprehensive baseline assessment including a stress‐coping questionnaire (Stressverarbeitungsfragebogen SVF120) and were monitored for 1 year after discharge. Negative stress‐coping styles (e.g. flight, resignation) positively correlated with higher cortisol concentration in plasma and in CSF after withdrawal (day 40). Compared with relapsers after 1 year, abstainers had significantly lower levels for cortisol in CSF, whereas the stress‐coping styles did not differ between abstainers and relapsers in this sample. These findings suggest that relatively stable personality traits like stress‐coping styles have no measurable influence on abstinence. The lower cortisol concentration in CSF as an indicator for HPA axis functioning is associated with long‐term abstinence in detoxified alcoholics.
Recombinant factor VIII and factor VIII-von Willebrand factor complex do not present danger signals for human dendritic cells
Authors: Pfistershammer Katharina , Stöckl Johannes , Siekmann Jürgen , Turecek Peter , Schwarz Hans , Reipert Birgit 
Published: October 2006

SummarySeveral lines of evidence have shown that antibody responses to coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in patients with hemophilia A depend on the help of activated CD4+ T cells. The primary activation of CD4+ T cells requires interaction with mature dendritic cells (DCs) that present antigenic peptides in the context of MHC class II and express costimulatory molecules. Maturation of DCs requires danger signals provided by exogenous or endogenous stimuli such as pathogen-derived products or inflammatory cytokines. We asked the question whether FVIII itself, FVIII complexed with von Willebrand factor (VWF) or thrombin-activated FVIII contain danger signals for human DCs that induce the upregulation of costimulatory molecules or the expression of proinflammatory cytokines necessary for effec tive activation of CD4+ T cells. Human peripheral monocytes were differentiated into DCs. FVIII, thrombin-activated FVIII, VWF, VWF-FVIII, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS+FVIII, LPS+VWF or LPS+FVIII-VWF were added either on day 0 or on day 5 of differentiation cultures. Differentiation markers, cytokines in cell culture supernatants and the capacity of DCs to stimulate autologous and allogeneic T cells were analysed after seven days of differentiation cultures. Our results indicate that neither FVIII, thrombin-activated FVIII, VWF nor a complex of FVIII and VWF modulate the maturation of human DCs or their capacity to stimulate autologous or allogeneic T cells. We conclude that neither of these proteins present danger signals to human DCs.
Preeclampsia and pregnancy loss in women with a history of venous thromboembolism and prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) during pregnancy
Authors: Alguel Guelay , Vormittag Rainer , Simanek Ralph , Kyrle Paul , Quehenberger Peter , Mannhalter Christine , Husslein Peter , Pabinger Ingrid 
Published: October 2006

SummaryLimited data are available regarding complications of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome under prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in women with a history of thromboembolism (TE).We retrospectively evaluated pregnancy complications ina cohort of 80 women. All hada history of TE (76 venous, two arterial and two venous and arterial) and received prophylactic LMWH during 86 pregnancies. The rate of preeclampsia and stillbirth in these women was compared to that of a control group of 313 women without a history of TE and LMWH. Prophylaxis was started at a median of 10 weeks of gestation and usually continued until six weeks post partum. In 94% of the cases the outcome of pregnancy was favourable with a live birth. Four pregnancies (4.7%) ended in miscarriage. Two (2.3%) pregnancies were complicated bya thromboembolic event (one deep leg vein thrombosis and PRIND, respectively). One patient developed HELLP-syndrome. Severe preeclampsia occurred in three (3.8%) and stillbirth in one (1.3%) of the patients (n=80), whereas this was the case in four (1.3%, odds ratio 3.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–13.73, p=0.15) and 10 (3.2%, OR=0.38; 95% CI 0.05–3.04, p=0.72) control women. Mean birth weight and standard deviation of infants was 3,160± 930 g in patients and 3,300 ± 540 g in controls (p=0.11).We conclude that a favourable pregnancy outcome in women with a history of thromboembolism who use prophylactic LMWH during pregnancy can be expected. There was a trend towardsa higher risk of preeclampsia, and these women should be carefully monitored for this complication.
Improvement of patient compliance after switching from conventional neuroleptics to the atypical neuroleptic amisulpride
Authors: Linden Michael , Scheel Tabea , Eich Franz-Xaver 
Published: October 2006

Medication noncompliance of schizophrenic outpatients is an important problem in clinical practice, causing relapse and illness deterioration. Because atypical neuroleptics have, in controlled clinical studies, been shown to be better tolerated and accepted by patients, the question is whether switching from conventional to atypical neuroleptics such as amisulpride can increase patient compliance also under conditions of routine care. In a drug utilization observation study 570 schizophrenic outpatients, who had been pretreated with conventional neuroleptics and then been switched for individual clinical reasons to amisulpride, were observed for 3 months. Sociodemographic, illness and treatment related variables (e.g. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, side effects), patients' subjective attitudes, and premedication and treatment compliance were assessed using standardized instruments. A total of 43.7% were rated as being noncompliant with the premedication, while 85.8% were rated as compliant after being switched to amisulpride, including 82.7% of the former noncompliant patients. Patients who had become compliant showed a signicantly better psychopathological status after 3 months as compared to still noncompliant patients, including a lower rate of inpatient stays. Switching noncompliant patients from conventional to atypical neuroleptics like amisulpride can improve patient compliance and psychopathology under conditions of routine treatment.
Prevalence of oedema of the lower limbs in multiple sclerosis patients: a vascular and lymphoscintigraphic study
Authors: Solaro C , Uccelli M Messmer , Brichetto G , Augello G , Taddei G , Boccardo F , Buffoni F , Campisi C , Lopes L , Battaglia M A , Mancardi G L 
Published: October 2006

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of oedema of the lower limbs in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients utilizing a multidisciplinary approach. A total of 205 patients with definite MS were included in the study. Seventy-five were male and 130 female, with a mean age of 50.53, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 5.27 and mean disease duration of 16.6 years. Seventy-one patients had a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease course, 85 were secondary progressive (SP) and 49 were primary progressive (PP). Ninety-three patients (45%) showed oedema at the examination. EDSS, disease duration and disease course, but not gender, were statistically different between oedema and non-oedema patients. Out of 93 patients with oedema, 69 agreed to undergo a vascular examination. Of 69 patients, 45 (65.2%) had a CEAP score (specific rating scale for oedema) of 3 (presence of oedema) and 24 (34.8%) had a score of 4 (presence of a trophic disorder). Out of 69 subjects, 33 agreed to undergo a lymphoscintigraphy, which was normal in only 29 extremities out of 66. Lower limb oedema is common in MS patients, especially in those with reduced mobility. Early screening is advised in patients with an elevated EDSS.
Submicro- and Nanocrystals of Cyano-bridged FeLa Coordination Polymer in Reversed Micelle
Authors: Kondo Nobuyuki , Nakajima Aya , Sasaki Yayoi , Kurihara Masato , Yamada Mami , Miyake Mikio , Mizukami Fujio , Sakamoto Masatomi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Submicro- and nanocrystals of a d–f heteronuclear coordination polymer, La[Fe(CN)6]·nH2O, were prepared in the water-in-oil microemulsion using AOT or NP-5 as a surface-protecting agent. When AOT was used, size and shape of the crystals were remarkably influenced by their preparation conditions, whereas little changed when NP-5 was used. These results were explained by the different protecting abilities of anionic AOT and nonionic NP-5.
Unusual causes of unilateral serous otitis media
Authors: Facer George W. , Piepgras David G. , Weiland Louis H. , Mokri Bahram 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo cases of nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (transitional cell carcinoma), both of which arose in the Eustachian tube, and two cases of neurilemoma of the nasopharynx are reported. All four patients presented with unilateral serous otitis media. The duration of the unilateral serous otitis media in these patients ranged from 1 1/2 to 8 years. This emphasizes the fact that adult patients with unilateral serous otitis media without a history of an upper respiratory tract infection or of barotrauma should undergo thorough examination to rule out the presence of an unusual underlying pathologic condition.
The effects of ototoxicity on the auditory brain stem response and the scalp‐recorded cochlear microphonic in guinea pigs
Authors: Schwent Vincent L. , Williston John S. , Jewett Don L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract“ldquo;ldquo;ldquo;he objective determination of hearing impairment with evoked response techniques may be of value in the early detection of ototoxic reactions, especially in infants and other “difficult” patient populations. In this study the auditory brain stem response to “clicks” at two intensities and two repetition rates were recorded from guinea pigs that had been given one of two dosage levels of kanamycin or no drug. The scalp‐recorded cochlear microphonic to continuous tones was also recorded. Hearing loss was seen in one‐third of the animals receiving kanamycin. The temporal course of the deficit varied considerably between animals. Auditory system change was most readily detected in response to low‐intensity stimuli, while change in repetition rate of the clicks did not affect the results. The cochlear microphonic potentials correlated with the auditory brain stem response.
Unusual presentation of head and neck neoplasm
Authors: Nigri Peter T. , Khasgiwala Chandra K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe have a 67‐year‐old Caucasian male presenting with a (T4, N1b, M0) Stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. He subsequently underwent a total laryngectomy and right radical neck dissection. It was only determined by the pathology report that the cervical nodes in the neck specimen obtained the associated disease, Hodgkin's (mixed cellular lymphoma), rather than the expected well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma found in the larynx. Metastatic work‐up was unrevealing.Reviewing the English literature fails to reveal a similar case report of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx with Hodgkin's disease in the associated neck dissection. It was unfortunate that this patient died of a third pathology, cerebral hemorrhage, in the immediate post‐op period.
The importance of preoperative nasal endoscopy in patients with sinonasal disease
Authors: Vining Eugenia M. , Yanagisawa Ken , Yanagisawa Eiji 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has popularized the use of telescopes in sinus surgery and has emphasized the importance of nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of patients with diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Variations in intranasal and sinus anatomy have been implicated in the etiology of chronic and recurrent sinusitis, and CT imaging has become an important diagnostic tool. Despite this, some patients present with symptoms and telescopic examination suggestive of sinonasal disease, yet demonstrate little abnormality on CT scan. The authors reviewed videoendoscopic and CT examinations of 100 consecutive patients with symptoms of sinus disease and found 9% of patients with abnormal telescopic examination in the context of negative CT findings. In those patients whose CT examinations were positive, telescopic nasal endoscopy was especially useful in delineating the type of soft tissue which obscured the area of the middle meatus. In those patients whose CT examinations were negative, telescopic examination demonstrated septal deflections, mucosal edema involving the middle meatus, as well as turbinate and adenoid hypertrophy. These findings demonstrate that telescopic nasal examination is an important diagnostic modality which often yields important information when evaluating patients with sinonasal disease.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the temporal bone from a case of e trisomy syndrome
Authors: Harada Takehiko , Takahara Tetsuo , Ishii Shigeo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractComputer‐assisted three‐dimensional reconstruction was performed from histologic sections of the left temporal bone removed from a case of E trisomy syndrome. The reconstructions included structures such as the bony and membranous labyrinths, ossicles, ossicular muscles, tympanic membrane, and facial and eighth nerves. The structures could be observed individually or simultaneously in combination. Prominent abnormalities observed in these reconstructions included enlargement of the utricle, absence of the posterior semicircular canal, slight hypoplasia of the cochlea, anomaly of the stapes, abnormally shaped stapedius muscle, abnormal course of the facial nerve, and flattening of the tympanic membrane. The results were useful for the visual and stereoscopic understanding of abnormal configurations and the spatial orientations of these abnormalities.
L2 lexis in L1: Reluctance to translate out of concern for referential meaning
Authors: Li David C. S 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Using evidence from the Hong Kong Chinese press, this paper shows that intra-sentential code-alternation may be due to linguistic, especially semantic, factors at work, which explain why the bilingual is reluctant to translate the English expressions into Chinese, resulting in code-alternation. This observation amounts to a challenge to a tacit assumption behind social or discourse-related explanations of code-alternation, that referential meaning may be kept constant and that code-alternated expressions in the guest language could always be ‘replaced’, paradigmatically or otherwise, by a semantically ‘equivalent’ expression in the host language. The basic premise of ‘translation equivalent’ is illusory. Given the strong social norms disapproving the use of English-only discourse for intra-ethnic communication in Hong Kong, it is argued that intra-sentential code-alternation typical of bilingual Chinese Hongkongers is more adequately explained by the bilingual's reluctance to translate the original English expressions into Cantonese or modern standard Chinese. In this light, Cantonese-English code-alternation in Hong Kong is most appropriately seen as the result of the Chinese bilingual's attempt to guard against unwanted semantic loss or gain.
A Population Genetics Pedigree Perspective on the Transmission of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Delport Wayne , Cunningham Michael , Olivier Brenda , Preisig Oliver , van der Merwe Schalk W 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The inference of transmission pathways for medicinally important bacteria is important to our understanding of pathogens. Here we report analyses of transmission in Helicobacter pylori, a major carcinogen. Our study is novel in that the focal community comprises detailed family pedigrees and has a high prevalence of H. pylori. To infer transmission, we performed high-resolution analyses of nucleotide sequences for three genes and accounted for the occurrence of mutation and recombination through the use of simulation modeling. Our results demonstrate that transmission has a strong nonfamilial component potentially the result of a large proportion of infections derived from the community. These results are interesting from both a medical and an evolutionary standpoint. First, efficient control measures and beliefs about the sources of H. pylori infection should be reevaluated. Evolutionarily, our results contradict the hypothesis of strict vertical transmission, presented as an explanation for the strong correlation between human population history and H. pylori diversity. Thus the paradox of persistent phylogenetic structure, despite a permissive mode of transmission and high recombination rates, must be solved elsewhere. Here we consider the potential for recombination events to maintain genetic structure in light of horizontal transmission.
Chemical Inactivation of Cdc7 Kinase in Budding Yeast Results in a Reversible Arrest That Allows Efficient Cell Synchronization Prior to Meiotic Recombination
Authors: Wan Lihong , Zhang Chao , Shokat Kevan M , Hollingsworth Nancy M 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGenetic studies in budding yeast have provided many fundamental insights into the specialized cell division of meiosis, including the identification of evolutionarily conserved meiosis-specific genes and an understanding of the molecular basis for recombination. Biochemical studies have lagged behind, however, due to the difficulty in obtaining highly synchronized populations of yeast cells. A chemical genetic approach was used to create a novel conditional allele of the highly conserved protein kinase Cdc7 (cdc7-as3) that enables cells to be synchronized immediately prior to recombination. When Cdc7-as3 is inactivated by addition of inhibitor to sporulation medium, cells undergo a delayed premeiotic S phase, then arrest in prophase before double-strand break (DSB) formation. The arrest is easily reversed by removal of the inhibitor, after which cells rapidly and synchronously proceed through recombination and meiosis I. Using the synchrony resulting from the cdc7-as3 system, DSB-dependent phosphorylation of the meiosis-specific chromosomal core protein, Hop1, was shown to occur after DSBs. The cdc7-as3 mutant therefore provides a valuable tool not only for understanding the role of Cdc7 in meiosis, but also for facilitating biochemical and cytological studies of recombination.
Variational wave equations of two fermions interacting via scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, pseudovector and tensor fields
Authors: Duviryak Askold , Darewych Jurij 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We consider a method for deriving relativistic two-body wave equations for fermions in the coordinate representation. The Lagrangian of the theory is reformulated by eliminating the mediating fields by means of covariant Green's functions. Then, the nonlocal interaction terms in the Lagrangian are reduced to local expressions which take into account retardation effects approximately. We construct the Hamiltonian and two-fermion states of the quantized theory, employing an unconventional “empty” vacuum state, and derive relativistic two-fermion wave equations. These equations are a generalization of the Breit equation for systems with scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, pseudovector and tensor coupling.
Factors of lowered respiratory CO2 sensitivity by acetazolamide in anaesthetized rabbits
Authors: Kiwull-Schöne Heidrun , Teppema Luc , Kiwull Peter 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor acetazolamide is a classic drug to treat patients with breathing disorders. Recent studies in rabbits showed that low-dose acetazolamide (not causing appreciable inhibition of red cell CA) significantly weakened respiratory muscle performance, accompanied by diminished ventilatory CO2-sensitivity, which implies stabilizing loop-gain properties. Now is aimed to explore the interaction of these factors under conditions of complete CA-inhibition by acetazolamide in a higher dose-range.
In anesthetized rabbits (N=7), acetazolamide (up to 75 mg·kg−1) distinctly lowered the base excess (to-7.6 ± 0.9mM, mean ± SEM) without respiratory compensation of arterial pH. Ventilatory CO2-sensitivity was nearly abolished to 15.1 ± 5.2% of control, but the transmission of a CO2-mediated rise in tidal phrenic activity into respiratory work was only reduced by 51.6 ± 6.4%, P < 0.001, not very much more than (~38%) already observed at low-doses.
Thus, the large reduction of ventilatory CO2-sensitivity in the high-dose range cannot be ascribed to respiratory muscle weakening, but rather may relate to complete inhibition of red cell CA. Conversely, CA-inhibition may not be the only cause for the weakening effect of acetazolamide on (respiratory) muscles. Adverse effects on respiratory muscles, impaired CO2-transport and acid-base imbalance may limit to make use of stabilizing effects on breathing control functions by high-dose acetazolamide.
Know what to expect in limited remedies for prevailing schools in ADA/504 cases
Authors: Charmatz Marc 
Published: March 2024

A lot has been written about the remedies available to students with disabilities who prevail in complaints under the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 post Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller. But colleges and universities need to know the limited remedies available to them if they prevail in disability rights litigation, that is, attorneys’ fees in very rare instances and costs.