bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial septal modulation of the ascending brainstem hippocampal synchronizing pathways in the anesthetized rat
Authors: Jackson Jesse , Bland Brian H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIndependent and combined electrical stimulation pairings of the medial septum (MS), posterior hypothalamus (PH), and reticular pontine oralis (RPO) of the brainstem were performed in the acute urethane anesthetized rat, while recording field activity from electrodes in either the stratum oriens or stratum moleculare of the hippocampal formation. Theta frequency and power were measured during independent stimulation of each nuclei and during combined stimulation using three pairings: (1) MS–PH (2) MS–RPO and (3) PH–RPO. Each pairing consisted of parameters known to elicit theta of a high frequency for one nucleus, and parameters known to elicit a low frequency for the second nucleus. This methodology allowed us to observe whether one nucleus preferentially modulated theta activity in the hippocampus in terms of frequency and power. The MS was observed to reset theta frequency in both the upward and downward direction when stimulated in combination with either the PH (Experiment 1) or the RPO (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3 (PH–RPO), the structure receiving the higher intensity stimulation had the predominate effect on theta frequency. With MS stimulation combinations, the power of the elicited theta activity was found to increase over the independent stimulation in some cases during Experiment 1. Likewise, in Experiment 2, the combined stimulation produced a power that in most cases was significantly greater than that measured during the independent stimulations. This effect was not observed with PH and RPO stimulation combinations. The combined stimulation of the PH and RPO yielded a power similar to the independent PH stimulations. The findings support the following conclusions: (1) the major theta generating activity of the ascending brainstem synchronizing pathways involves projections from the RPO to the PH, relayed through the MS, to the hippocampal formation; and (2) that the MS directly controls theta amplitude and secondarily translates the level of ascending brainstem activity into the appropriate frequency of hippocampal theta. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The V617F JAK2 mutation and the myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Percy Melanie J , McMullin Mary Frances 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe discovery this year of a single mutation in the Janus Kinase (JAK)‐2 gene in a high percentage of cases of polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and myelofibrosis suggests that it maybe the underlying molecular mechanism for these disorders. Different approaches from the inhibition of the tyrosine kinase JAK2, widespread search for mutations in tyrosine kinases, and investigation of the short arm of chromosome 9 where JAK2 is located all led to the discovery of the V617F JAK2 mutation. Substitution of a valine for a phenylalanine destabilizes the JH2 domain of JAK2 causes loss of the auto‐inhibitory activity of this domain and explains some of the biological phenomena observed in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). The V617F JAK2 mutation can be detected by PCR‐direct sequencing using DNA from the granulocyte lineage or with increased sensitivity by the amplification refractory mutation system using DNA from unfractionated blood. Pyrosequencing assays can be used to quantitate allele ratios to accurately define homozygote and heterozygote status. This single mutation is widespread having been detected in related MPD and other haematological malignancies. This leads to a number of further questions about the role of this single mutation in the clinical pattern of disease. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuity wave in the elongated bubble region of horizontal slug flow
Authors: Liu Lei , Gong Sheng‐Jie , Sun He‐Dong , Zhou Fang‐De 
Published: November 2005

AbstractVisualized observation on the wave feature in a horizontal slug flow was made with a high‐speed digital camera. It was found that the liquid film flow in the elongated bubble region of slug flow behaves as a continuity wave. Theoretical analysis was carried out and it reveals that the liquid film flow is a continuity wave with celerity the same as the translational velocity of the elongated bubble. The control equation for the liquid film height in the elongated bubble region was derived. The results predicted by the equation fit well with the observed data. A new conclusion was obtained that slug flow has continuity wave in it, explaining the stable slug flow wave characterization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(8): 547–554, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20092
Theoretical calculation and experimental investigation on acoustic characteristics of a regenerator in thermoacoustic apparatus
Authors: Xie X.J. , Li Q. , Yu Z.B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn acoustic‐driven thermoacoustic device, which is used to investigate acoustic characteristics of a regenerator, was designed and manufactured. A model of the acoustic characteristics of the regenerator is discussed. The acoustic characteristics of the regenerator, such as acoustic impedance Ẑn, reflection coefficient $\hat{\alpha}_{n}$, transmission loss TL, and phase angle $\hat{\theta}$ between incident and reflected wave at x=0, were obtained by processing the experimental results with the correlation‐spectra analysis (the auto‐ and cross‐spectra) methods theoretically. Comparisons of acoustic characteristics between two cases, A (regenerator) and B (regenerator and two additional heat exchangers), are discussed. Different heating power influence on acoustic characteristics is also investigated. The results obtained will be helpful in further investigations on the regenerator model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(8): 539–546, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20093
Differences in expression patterns of the tight junction proteins,claudin 1, 3, 4 and 5, in human ovarian surface epithelium as compared to epithelia in inclusion cysts and epithelial ovarian tumours
Authors: Zhu Yihong , Brännström Mats , Janson P.‐O. , Sundfeldt Karin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHuman ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), regarded as the precursor cell of epithelial ovarian adenocarcinoma, is not a fully developed epithelium when situated on the ovarian surface. It lacks epithelial characteristics such as the cell–cell adhesion factor epithelial (E)‐cadherin, but as we have shown earlier, this OSE can form functional tight junctions (TJs) in culture. Recent gene‐expression data on ovarian adenocarcinoma has pointed out a family of TJ proteins, the claudins, to be highly expressed in malignant compared to benign ovarian tumours. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of claudin 1–5 proteins in cultured OSE (n = 4), normal ovarian (n = 11), benign (n = 8), borderline (n = 7) and ovarian cancer (n = 22) tissues. We found that a weak or absence of expression of claudin 3 and claudin 4 in surface OSE changed to typical cell‐border localisation in OSE of inclusion cysts in the normal ovarian stroma. Semiquantitative estimations of immunoblots showed that claudin 3 was significantly increased in ovarian adenocarcinomas compared to benign and borderline‐type tumours. Claudin 4 was significantly increased in both borderline‐type and ovarian adenocarcinomas compared to benign tumours, whereas no changes were found for claudin 1 or 5. Concerning relation to Federation for International Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade, claudin 3, but not claudin 4, was significantly increased in moderately, poorly and undifferentiated adenocarcinomas compared to well‐differentiated and borderline‐type tumours. No significant changes were noticed for any claudin with regard to FIGO stages. We conclude that both claudin 3 and 4, even though they differ in expression during ovarian malignant transformation, might be used as novel markers for ovarian tumours. The observations of lack of claudin 4 and low expression of claudin 3 in OSE strengthen our current knowledge about the biological nature of these cells as an undeveloped epithelium. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seventy‐five years is an appropriate upper age limit for population‐based mammography screening
Authors: Fracheboud Jacques , Groenewoud Johanna Helëne , Boer Rob , Draisma Gerrit , de Bruijn Arry E. , Verbeek André L.M. , de Koning Harry J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the results of the Dutch breast cancer screening programme for women aged 70–75, and discussed the current upper age limit of the women invited. We compared the main outcome parameters of the screening programme 1998–2000 for women aged 70–75, with those in women aged 50–69. Breast cancer detection rates were also compared with prediction from 2 variants of a simulation model of breast cancer screening, assuming the mean sojourn time, i.e., the duration of the preclinical detectable phase, to increase or not with age above the age of 65. The underlying idea is that an increase of the sojourn time with age will lead to a less favourable balance between screening benefits and harms from a certain age on. Of the 315,103 women (aged 70–75) invited, 65.6% participated. The attendance increased from 1998 to 2000. For women aged 74 and 75 years, this increase was almost 10%. As a result of the 187,207 screening examinations performed within this age group, 18.3 per 1,000 women were referred and 10.3 per 1,000 breast cancer were diagnosed. Detection rates in both initial and subsequent screens increased steadily with age and got close to those model‐simulated rates, which assume a continuously increasing sojourn time with age. A major finding of this study is that the screening participation among elderly women is high. The outcomes of our study suggest a steadily increasing sojourn time of breast tumours beyond the age of 69, leading to a strong increase in detection of cancers, and therefore, disfavouring the balance with the benefits of screening. At present, 75 years of age can be regarded as an appropriate upper age limit for the Dutch programme. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of aromatase mRNA expression derived from various promoters (I.4, I.3, PII and I.7) and its association with expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and COX‐2 mRNAs in human breast cancer
Authors: Irahara Natsumi , Miyoshi Yasuo , Taguchi Tetsuya , Tamaki Yasuhiro , Noguchi Shinzaburo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to study the aromatase mRNA expression as well as promoter usage (I.4, I.3, PII and I.7) in axillary adipose tissue (AA), mammary adipose tissue (MA), breast tumor tissue (BT) and adjacent normal breast tissue (NB), and to study the relationship between aromatase mRNA expression and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 mRNA expression. BT (n = 108), NB (n = 54), AA (n = 41) and MA (n = 34) from patients with breast cancer were subjected to real‐time PCR assays for the mRNA levels of aromatase, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and COX‐2. We also studied the usage of promoters I.4, I.3, PII and the recently reported endothelial promoter I.7. Total aromatase mRNA levels were significantly up‐regulated in BT as compared with NB, AA and MA. Proportion of promoter l.4‐specific transcripts against the total transcripts was significantly decreased and that of promoter l.3‐ and l.7‐specific transcripts was significantly increased in BT than NB, AA and MA. However, the amount of transcripts from all the 4 promoters was significantly up‐regulated in BT than NB, AA and MA. Estrogen receptor‐α (ER‐α) positive tumors showed a higher percentage of promoter I.7 usage than ER‐α negative tumors with a marginal significance (p = 0.05), and tumor with high microvessel counts tended (p = 0.06) to show a higher percentage of promoter I.7 usage than those with low microvessel counts. There was a significant association between aromatase mRNA levels and TNF‐α, IL‐6 or COX‐2 mRNA levels in BT, AA and MA but not in NB. These results suggest that enhanced transcription of promoters l.4, I.3, PII and I.7 explains the up‐regulation of aromatase mRNA levels in BT. It has also been suggested that angiogenesis might stimulate the growth of ER‐α positive tumors through the enhanced transcription of aromatase from promoter I.7 in endothelial cells in BT, and that TNF‐α, IL‐6 and COX‐2 might be implicated in the up‐regulation of aromatase mRNA in BT, AA and MA but not in NB. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profiling of Wilms tumors reveals new candidate genes for different clinical parameters
Authors: Zirn B. , Hartmann O. , Samans B. , Krause M. , Wittmann S. , Mertens F. , Graf N. , Eilers M. , Gessler M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWilms tumor is the most frequent renal neoplasm in children, but our understanding of its genetic basis is still limited. We performed cDNA microarray experiments using 63 primary Wilms tumors with the aim of detecting new candidate genes associated with malignancy grade and tumor progression. All tumors had received preoperative chemotherapy as mandated by the SIOP protocol, which sets this study apart from related approaches in the Unites States that are based on untreated samples. The stratification of expression data according to clinical criteria allowed a rather clear distinction between different subsets of Wilms tumors. Clear‐cut differences in expression patterns were discovered between relapse‐free as opposed to relapsed tumors and tumors with intermediate risk as opposed to high risk histology. Several differentially expressed genes, e.g.TRIM22, CENPF, MYCN, CTGF, RARRES3 and EZH2, were associated with Wilms tumor progression. For a subset of differentially expressed genes, microarray data were confirmed by real‐time RT‐PCR on the original set of tumors. Interestingly, we found the retinoic acid pathway to be deregulated at different levels in advanced tumors suggesting that treatment of these tumors with retinoic acid may represent a promising novel therapeutic approach. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of hiwi gene in human gastric cancer was associated with proliferation of cancer cells
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Sun Yu , Guo Jianping , Ma Hong , Li Jiyou , Dong Bin , Jin Genglin , Zhang Jianzhi , Wu Jian , Meng Lin , Shou Chengchao 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStem cell genetics research may be critical to our understanding of carcinogenesis, as both stem cells and cancer cells possess the ability to self‐renew. Recent discoveries have indicated that the piwi family of genes plays an essential role in stem cell self‐renewal in diverse organisms. The hiwi gene, the human homolog of the piwi family, participates in germ cell proliferation and its overexpression may cause the development of germ cell malignancy, but its expression and function in epithelial solid cancers have not been explored. In the present study, we investigated whether there was an association between hiwi expression and human gastric cancer and its potential mechanism. RT‐PCR findings demonstrated that hiwi was expressed in different gastric cancer cell lines. To identify the HIWI protein in gastric cancer, we developed a specific monoclonal antibody against HIWI and immunohistochemistry was performed on various gastric tissues. We found that the expression ratio of hiwi in normal gastric tissues, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancers was 10% (5/50), 36% (18/50), 36% (18/50) and 76% (38/50), respectively, which was consistent with precancerous development. Notably, the expression pattern of hiwi in gastric cancer tissues was similar to that of Ki67, which was used as a marker of proliferation. Moreover, the suppression of hiwi by antisense or RNAi inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells and induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. These results suggest that hiwi may be involved in the development of gastric cancer and is a potential target for cancer therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteasome inhibitor MG132 sensitizes HPV‐positive human cervical cancer cells to rhTRAIL‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Hougardy Brigitte M.T. , Maduro John H. , van der Zee Ate G.J. , de Groot Derk Jan A. , van den Heuvel Fiona A.J. , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. , de Jong Steven 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn cervical carcinogenesis, the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is disrupted by HPV (human papilloma virus) E6 oncogene expression. E6 targets p53 for rapid proteasome‐mediated degradation. We therefore investigated whether proteasome inhibition by MG132 could restore wild‐type p53 levels and sensitize HPV‐positive cervical cancer cell lines to apoptotic stimuli such as rhTRAIL (recombinant human TNF‐related apoptosis inducing ligand). In a panel of cervical cancer cell lines, CaSki was highly, HeLa intermediate and SiHa not sensitive to rhTRAIL‐induced apoptosis. MG132 strongly sensitized HeLa and SiHa to rhTRAIL‐induced apoptosis in a caspase‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. MG132 massively induced TRAIL receptor DR4 and DR5 membrane expression in HeLa, whereas in SiHa only DR5 membrane expression was upregulated from almost undetectable to high levels. Antagonistic DR4 antibody partially inhibited apoptosis induction by rhTRAIL and MG132 in HeLa but had no effect on apoptosis in SiHa. Inhibition of E6‐mediated p53 proteasomal degradation by MG132 resulted in elevated levels of active p53 as demonstrated by p53 small interfering RNA (siRNA) sensitive p21 upregulation. Although p53 siRNA partially inhibited MG132‐induced DR5 upregulation in HeLa and SiHa, no effect on rhTRAIL‐induced apoptosis was observed. MG132 plus rhTRAIL enhanced caspase 8 and caspase 3 activation and concomitant cleavage of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), particularly in HeLa. In addition, caspase 9 activation was only observed in HeLa. Downregulation of XIAP using siRNA in combination with rhTRAIL induced high levels of apoptosis in HeLa, whereas MG132 had to be added to the combination of XIAP siRNA plus rhTRAIL to induce apoptosis in SiHa. In conclusion, proteasome inhibition sensitized HPV‐positive cervical cancer cell lines to rhTRAIL independent of p53. Our results indicate that not only DR4 and DR5 upregulation but also XIAP inactivation contribute to rhTRAIL sensitization by MG132 in cervical cancer cell lines. Combining proteasome inhibitors with rhTRAIL may be therapeutically useful in cervical cancer treatment. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C*1 allele is a genetic marker for alcohol‐associated cancer in heavy drinkers
Authors: Homann Nils , Stickel Felix , König Inke R. , Jacobs Arne , Junghanns Klaus , Benesova Monika , Schuppan Detlef , Himsel Susanne , Zuber‐Jerger Ina , Hellerbrand Claus , Ludwig Dieter , Caselmann Wolfgang H. , Seitz Helmut K. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractChronic alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk for upper aerodigestive tract cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Increased acetaldehyde production via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been implicated in the pathogenesis. The allele ADH1C*1 of ADH1C encodes for an enzyme with a high capacity to generate acetaldehyde. So far, the association between the ADH1C*1 allele and alcohol‐related cancers among heavy drinkers is controversial. ADH1C genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in a total of 818 patients with alcohol‐associated esophageal (n = 123), head and neck (n = 84) and hepatocellular cancer (n = 86) as well as in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (n = 117), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n = 217), combined liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis (n = 17) and in alcoholics without gastrointestinal organ damage (n = 174). The ADH1C*1 allele and genotype ADH1C*1/1 were significantly more frequent in patients with alcohol‐related cancers than that in individuals with nonmalignant alcohol‐related organ damage. Using multivariate analysis, ADH1C*1 allele frequency and rate of homozygosity were significantly associated with an increased risk for alcohol‐related cancers (p<0.001 in all instances). The odds ratio for genotype ADH1C*1/1 regarding the development of esophageal, hepatocellular and head and neck cancer were 2.93 (CI, 1.84–4.67), 3.56 (CI, 1.33–9.53) and 2.2 (CI, 1.11–4.36), respectively. The data identify genotype ADH1C*1/1 as an independent risk factor for the development of alcohol‐associated tumors among heavy drinkers, indicating a genetic predisposition of individuals carrying this genotype. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenovirus‐mediated intra‐tumoral delivery of the human endostatin gene inhibits tumor growth in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Li , Liu Ran‐Yi , Huang Jia‐Ling , Liu Qi‐Cai , Li Yan , Wu Pei‐Hong , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Huang Wenlin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe growth and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), one of the most common cancers in southern China, is closely related to neovascularization. Here, we examined whether intra‐tumoral delivery of endostatin gene could lead to long‐term local expression of bioactive endostatin at therapeutic levels. We constructed a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the human endostatin gene (Ad/hEndo), which expressed high‐level endostatin protein in NPC CNE‐2 cells, and significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Tumor growth and angiogenesis in NPC CNE‐2 xenografted tumors were significantly inhibited after 5 courses of intra‐tumoral treatment with Ad/hEndo in vivo. Endostatin mRNA in tumor tissues peaked at 1–2 days after intra‐tumoral administration and disappeared within 1 week, whereas the plasma endostatin protein levels peaked at 3 days after administration and lasted 2–3 weeks. The therapeutically relevant endostatin transgene expression was achieved during the course of multiple intra‐tumoral administrations with Ad/hEndo. Multiple injections with adenoviral vectors did not lead to continuous increases of adenovirus neutralizing antibodies in serum. Thus, adenovirus‐mediated intra‐tumoral introduction of the human endostatin gene may form a viable new treatment for NPC, although readministration every 2–3 weeks may be necessary for the best effect. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.