bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Ring-opening Reactions of the Furan Compounds. IV. The Condensation Products of Furfural with Methyl Propyl Ketone, Methyl Isopropyl Ketone and Pinacolin by Alkali
Authors: Midorikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl propyl ketone condensed with furfural by alkali both at the α-methyl and α-methylene groups of the ketone, giving 1-(2-furyl)-1-hexen-3-one (I) in a larger proportion and 3-ethyl-4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one (II) in a much smaller proportion.
The former furfurylidene ketone (I) gave γ, ζ-dioxocapric acid (III) on the ring-opening in alcoholic hydrochloric acid, and the latter (II) was oxidized by sodium hypochlorite to α-ethyl-2-furanacrylic acid (IV).
The ring-opening of furfurylidenemethyl isopropyl ketone (V) and furfurylidenemethyl tert-bntyl ketone (VI) in alcoholic hydrochloric acid gave γ, ζ-dioxo-η-methylpelargonic acid (VII) and γ, ζ-dioxo-η, η-dimethylpelargonic acid (VIII) respectively.
The Dimerization of Trichloroethylene Induced by the Decomposition of α, α′-Azodiisobutyronitrile and the Structure of the Dimer
Authors: Simamura Osamu , Inamoto Naoki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Trichloroethylene has been dimerized by boiling with α, α′-azodiisobutyronitrile to C4H2Cl6, which has been identified as 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4-hexachloro-1-butene by degradation.
2. A compound of molecular formula C8H8Cl5N, whose structure is presumably 1, 1, 3, 3, 4-pentachloro-5-cyano-5-methyl-1-hexene, has been isolated. This fact indicates that the reaction is initiated by the addition of 1-cyano-1-methylethyl radical to trichloroethylene and propagated by the transference of a chlorine atom from the dimeric radical to a molecule of the monomer.
3. The decomposition of dibenzoyl peroxide in trichloroethylene gives the same dimer as above, the structural identity being confirmed infrared spectrometrically.
Rheology of Surface Films. II. A Surface Rheometer for Measuring the Film Creep under Constant Shear Stress
Authors: Inokuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A surface rheometer was presented which enables the creep of surface films to be measured under constant shear stress. The main construction consists of a ring and a suspending torsion wire. Automatic adjustment of the torsion head driving, which made distorsion of the wire to be constant throughout the creep test, was accomplished by means of a phototube relay mechanism. The creep curve and its analysis data of ovalbumin monolayer were also presented.
The Condensations of Furfural with Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Phenyl-acetone by Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Midorikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl isobutyl ketone and phenylacetone, unlike methyl ethyl ketone, condensed with furfural by sodium hydroxide at their α-methyl groups irrespective of the reaction temperature, giving 1-(2-furyl)-5-methyl-1-hexen-3-one (III) and 4-(2-furyl)-1-phenyl-3-buten-2-one (V) respectively.
1-(2-Furyl)-5-methyl-1-hexen-3-one (III) gave the two forms of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. One (m.p. 145-146°) shifted readily to the other (m.p. 196-197°) in dilute alcoholic sulfuric acid, and those may be the syn- and anti-isomers.
4-(2-Furyl)-1-phenyl-3-buten-2-one (V) obtained here gave the two species of semi-carbazone which were converted into the respective two species of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. It may perhaps be composed of the cis- and trans-isomers. This furfurylidene ketone gave γ, ζ-dioxo-η-phenylcaprylic acid (VI) by the ring-opening in alcoholic hydrochloric acid.
Equilibrium of the CO2–NH3–Urea–H2O System under High Temperature and Pressure. V. Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium in the Presence of Excess Ammonia or Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kawasumi Sch\={o}hachi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The liquid-vapor equilibrium compositions of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O system starting with a mixture of ammonium carbamate and the excess amount of ammonia or carbon dioxide have been calculated at 160°C. and over the range of the loading NH3–CO2 mole ratio of 1.6 to 3.0 from the experimental data presented in the previous paper of this series.
The effects of the loading NH3–CO2 mole ratio on the equilibrium compositions have been discussed and the liquid-vapor equilibrium diagram of the system in the presence of excess ammonia or carbon dioxide has been drawn.
Sterols and Other Unsaponifiable Substances in the Lipids of Shell Fishes, Crustacea and Echinoderms. XIV. Unsaponifiable Components Other Than Corbisterol in the Lipid of Corbicula
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Among the sterol components of the unsaponifiable substances of corbicula, poriferasterol, clionasterol and cholesterol in addition to corbisterol are present. Among, the unsaponifiable components other than sterols, the presence of a mixture of chimyl and batyl alcohols is indicated. The unsaponifiable components appear to contain also unsaturated members (selachyl alcohol series) corresponding to batyl alcohol series. Besides these components, there occur some other liquid components which contain possibly hydrocarbons. But these unidentified components appear to contain more or less the decomposition products which might have been formed during the distillation.
The sterol mixture obtained from corbicula described in the 8th report, like the sterol mixture from corbicula described in the 6th report, has been found to contain brassicas-terol as a di-unsaturated sterol.
Thermal Diffusion Factor of Hydrogen-Nitrogen Mixture
Authors: Hirota Kozo , Sasaki Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal diffusion factor of the nitrogen-hydrogen system has been discussed theoretically. It has been found that the Lennard-Jones potential can reproduce the experimental result, if the hydrogen concentration is below 0.8 in molar fraction. Each experiment done by use of the two-bulb-method in hydrogen concentration 0.74–0.89 has given similarly smaller value than expected theoretically. Such discrepancy may be caused by the theoretical formula of α as well as by the incomplete intermolecular potential.
Stoichiometric Investigations of the Liquid State. II. The Relation between the Sound Velocity and the Chemical Structure. (2). The Additivity of the Molar Sound Velocity of Unassociated Liquids
Authors: Tyuzyo Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The additivity of molar sound velocity has theoretically been derived and the calculated and observed “atomic-” and “radical sound velocity” were shown to coincide with each other with the accuracy of about ±10%.
(2) The molar sound velocity derived from the calculated atomic and radical sound velocity was shown to coincide with the observed value with about 10 % deviation for unas-sociated liquids. (e. g., paraffins, alkyl halides, ethers, ketones, esters)
(3) The cause of deviation of the calculated and observed values and the application of this theory are briefly discussed.
Stoichiometric Investigations of the Liquid State. III. The Relation between the Sound Velocity and the Chemical Structure. (3). Molar Sound Velocity and its Additivity for Associated Liquids
Authors: Tyuzyo Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Associated liquids are analysed with a method similar to that of the previous papers, and the temperature variation of molar sound velocity, comparison with experiment, calculation of the radical sound velocity, additivity, etc. are developed.
(2) It seems to be reasonable to distinguish the associated liquids to the first and second kind. This is consistent with the results of the author’s investigation of the viscous flow.
(3) Something about the structure of the associated liquids of the first and second kind, and methods of investigating the state of association are discussed.
A Study of the Growth of Pichia Membranaefaciens Utilising the Energy Obtained by the Oxidation of Different Metallic Hydroxides by Aeration
Authors: Ranganayaki S , Bahadur Krishna 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When in Pichia membranaefaciens cultures, all other nutrients are present except the carbon source and the hydroxide of some metal is added and the culture aerated, a growth of yeast is observed. Maximum growth is observed in the case of cobalt hydroxide. Cerous hydroxide is poisonous and does not favour any growth.
The Catalytic Action of Organic Peroxides on the Polymerization of Ethenoid Compounds. III. The Effects of α-and β-Naphthoyl Peroxide on the Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Takebayashi Matsuji , Shingaki Tadao , Matsui Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The rates of polymerization of styrene with α-and β-naphthoyl peroxide have been found to be in a parallel relation with the rates of decomposition of the peroxides at 35° and 60°C.
(2) Aromatic amines such as dimethyl aniline and ethyl-benzyl aniline, and urotropine accelerate the decomposition of the peroxides.
(3) In the experiments using α-peroxide, the presence of the aromatic amines and urotropine show a retarding influence on the rate of the polymerization. In the experiments using β-peroxide, on the contrary, dimethyl aniline and ethyl-benzyl aniline influence the peroxide to accelerate the polymerization.
(4) Heterocyclic amines such as pyridine and quinoline manifest practically no influence either on the rate of decomposition of the peroxides or on that of the peroxide catalyzed polymerization of styrene.
(5) In respect to the action of amines, a tentative theory has been made.
Sterols and Other Unsaponifiable Substances in the Lipids of Shell Fishes, Crustacea and Echinoderms. XIII. Sterol Components of Star Fish, Luidia quinaria von Martens
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Takagi Toru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sterol mixture of star fish, Luidia quinaria von Martens, has been found to consist largely of mono-unsaturated sterol with a lesser amount of saturated and di-unsaturated sterols. By fractional crystallization of steryl acetate mixture, sterol fractions I (m.p. 145° and m.p. of its acetate 157°) and II (m.p. 135° and m.p. of its acetate 149°) were separated. Both fractions were found to consist of Δ7:8-sterol of C28 or C29 series. It requires some further research to decide whether each fraction consists of a different individual sterol or both fractions consist substantially of the same sterol, differing only in their purity.
Seasonal Variations of Minor Chemical Constituents in the Waters of the Zunan-Kuroshio Region. II. Silicate Contents of Sea Water and Changes in Quality of the Kuroshio
Authors: Fukai Rinnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Seasonal variations of silicate have been considered in the present paper on the basis of the data obtained from the observations carried out from January 1950 to February 1951.
The variations of silicate in the surface layers tend to have an inverse proportionality with those of chlorinity, increasing in summer while decreasing in winter. It is not sufficient to consider that the cause of the variations merely lies in the mixing either with fresh waters from the coast of Japan or with a water mass having low chlorinity and high silicate content. The actual circumstances may probably be caused by the overlapping effect of these two causes.
Although the fluctuation of vertical distributions of silicate below subsurface layer was also complicated, a close linear correlation between annual mean silicate contents and those of phosphate was obtained, to be expressed as the Si: P ratio of 28. However, the vertical distributions fluctuated considerably in the course of time, tending to become uniform in winter.
As the conclusion, it may be estimated that the vertical and lateral mixing of water masses is the prevailing factor for the variations of silicate in the region under consideration.
Surface Chemistry of High Polymers. V. The Monolayer of Polymethacrylic Acid and its Copolymers with Diethylaminoethyl Vinyl Ether at the Oil/Water Interface
Authors: Hotta Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As the result of the comparison of interfacial pressure and potential of polymethacrylic acid and its copolymers with diethylaminoethyl vinyl ether at the various pH of substrate between the air/water and oil/water interfaces, it is concluded that their films are of the expanded type without the mutual restriction of dissociation at the larger area at the oil/water interface, and, on the other hand, they are of condensed type with such a restriction even at the larger area at the air/water interface. The difference at the two interfaces disappears at a collapse point, where these films are of condensed type.
Sterols and Other Unsaponifiable Substances in the Lipids of Shell Fishes, Crustacea and Echinoderms. XV. Occurrence of Δ7:8-Cholestenol as a Sterol Component of Star Fish, Asterias amurensis Lütken
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Takagi Toru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sterol mixture of star fish, Asterias amurensis Lütken, caught around the southern coast of Hokkaido has been found to consist largely of mono-unsaturated sterols. By fractional crystallization of steryl acetate mixture, an acetate fraction of m.p. 119—120° and a higher melting fraction were separated. The fraction of m.p. 119—120° was identified with the acetate of Δ7:8-cholestenol. The higher melting fraction was not a single steryl acetate, but it appeared to contain predominantly the acetate of Δ7:8-sterol of C28 or C29 series.
Syntheses of Tetracyclohexylsilane and Methylcyclohexylsilanes
Authors: Kanazashi Motonori , Takakusa Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For new organosilicon compounds containing cyclohexyl group were prepared by hydrogenation of corresponding phenylsilanes. They are: trimethylcyclohexylsilane, dimethyldicyclohexylsilane, methyltricyclohexylsilane, and tetracyclohexylsilane. Physical constants and infrared absorption spectra of these compounds were measured and discussions on the steric hindrance were done with Stuart models.
The Densities of Polyvinyl Alcohol Film at Moist States
Authors: Tadokoro Hiroshi , Seki Syuzo , Nitta Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(i) The densities of PVA film at moist states were measured at 25°C. with flotation method by using carbon tetrachloride-benzene mixtures. The density against water content curve shows a conspicuous maximum at about 1.5% water content.
(ii) The water desorption expriment was carried out using the same specimen. The pore size distributions of PVA film and regenerated cellulose fibers were calculated by the Foster method from our desorption date and Hermans’ data, respectively.
(iii) The results are discussed and compared with those of other investigators obtained with native and regenerated cellulose.
On the State of Pentosan in Wood Pulps
Authors: Matsuzaki Kei , Hatano Akira , Abe T\={o}ru , Sobue Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The pulps from the red pine and beech were hydrolyzed with boiling 4n hydrochloric acid solution for 1–7 hours and a part of the hydrolyzed pulps was treated with boiling 1% sodium hydroxide solution for half an hour to eliminate recrystallized particles. The pentosan content decreased as a function of the pulp yield. The degrees of polymerization of these samples were determined.
2. The pulps from the red pine and beech were treated with 4-17.5% sodium hydroxide solution for half an hour at 20° and this procedure was repeated. A part of the samples treated with the alkali was hydrolyzed with 2.5n sulfuric acid solution for one hour at 95–100°. The pentosan contents of these samples were determined.
3. The results show that it is difficult to reduce the pentosan content of wood pulp to under 0.5% by intermicellar reactions such as acid-hydrolysis or dilute hot alkaline refinement, whereas by intramicellar reactions such as cold concentrated alkaline refinement, it is easy to reduce the pentosan content to under 0.5%. The resistant pentosan seemed to be built in the crystalline region of wood cellulose.
4. It has no good effect for pentosan removal to eliminate the recrystallized particles produced by acid hydrolysis with dilute alkali, while acid treatment after cold alkaline refinement gave good result for pentosan removal.
Molecular Structural Studies on Compounds Containing C–O Bond by Electron Diffraction. II. The Molecular Structure of Anhydrous Oxalic Acid
Authors: Shibata Shuzo , Kimura Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structure of anhydrous oxalic acid was studied by electron diffraction method. The interatomic distances and valency angles were found as follows: C=O 1.22 Å, C–O 1.37 Å, C–C 1.54 Å, ∠O=C–O 125°, and ∠O=C–C 122° with possible errors within 0.02 Å, 0.02 Å, 0.06 Å, 3° and 5° respectively. The molecule takes planar trans configuration. From these data the following conclusions were derived. The central C–C bond seems to have a small degree of double bond character with no appreciable conjugation between two carbonyl groups. The molecule takes the planar trans configuration in spite of the small degree of double bond character in the C–C bond. This fact in connection with the data of other compounds seems to suggest the possibility of the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in a free oxalic acid molecule. Our data of oxalic acid in the gaseous state were compared with the data of oxalic acid in the crystalline state from x-ray diffraction. Significant differences was found between the results on molecular dimensions, especially in hydroxyl C–O bond lengths. From these fact it was inferred that the structure of a molecule (or a carboxyl group) is affected by the molecular environment such as hydrogen bond formation between molecules.
Errors in Measuring the Wave-Height of Polarogram. II. Practical Errors of Graphical Construction
Authors: Yasumori Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When the construction of tangent η on the curve just after the wave in a poralogram is more difficult, but the construction of other tangents are less difficult, it is concluded as follows.
In the case that the construction of η is a little more difficult, a polarogram with high sensitivity is desirable in order to minimize the relative error in measuring the wave-height. And here low span voltage is, to some extent, effective, but a polarogram too enlarged in abscissa is ill-conditioned. Next, in the case of the very difficult construction of η, the relative error of waveheight is minimum, when a polarogram is taken with lowered span voltage, in which the slope of a tangent is tan 45°. Here the error is not always minimum if the polarogram is recorded with lowered sensitivity.
Antituberculous Compounds. IV. Thiosemicarbazones and Related Compounds
Authors: Nishimura Tamio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Semicarbazones and guanylhydrazones of 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzalacetone, α-bromo-4-nitrocinnamaldehyde, and 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-bromo-1-buten-3-one, nitromethane derivatives of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde, and α-bromo-4-nitrocinnamaldehyde, and thiosemicarbazones of 4-amino, 4-acetamido-, and 4-nitroacetophen-ones were prepared for evaluation of their antibacterial activity.
2) Condensation of the acetophenones with thiosemicarbazide was found to proceed smoothly at pH 3.2 but not at pH 7.
Enzymatic Microdetermination of Nitrate
Authors: Egami Fujio , Iida Katsuhira , Dôke Tatsumasa , Taniguchi Shigehiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) On the principle of the colorimetry of nitrite produced by enzymatic reduction, a method of microdetermination of nitrate was established.
2) This method can be applied to 10–100μm/1. nitrate solution. 2 ml. of the solution (1.2–12μg. NO−3 or 0.28–2.8μg. nitrate-n) is sufficient for an analysis.
3) This method is successfully applied to the estimation of nitrate in human urine, horse serum, spinach leaf extract, sea water and rain water.
Diphenylcarbazone as an Internal Indicator in Volumetric Analysis. Part I. Determination of Ferrocyanide by Lead Nitrate
Authors: Deshmukh G S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple and direct method of estimating ferrocyanide by standard lead nitrate with diphenylcarbazone as an internal indicator has been described. The results are accurate and compared favorably with those obtained by other classical procedures.
Enzymatic Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds
Authors: Yamashina Ikuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The enzyme “nitro-reductase”, which activates aromatic nitro-compounds and accelerates their reduction, was extracted from a halotolerant bacterium.
2) The reduction proceeds by the mechanism analogous to that of nitrate reduction, namely, by the system consisting of nitroreductase, intermediary hydrogen carrier, dehydrogenase and hydrogen donator.
3) Oxazine dyes such as nile blue and brilliant cresyl blue are the only effective hydrogen carriers so far examined for the reaction.
4) Various aromatic nitro compounds can be reduced to amino compounds by the enzyme system. Some kinetic studies were performed.
5) The relation between nitro-reductase and nitrite reductase, the identity of which was suggested formerly, was reinvestigated. The competitive inhibition of nitro reduction by nitrite was confirmed, but taking into consideration various experimental evidences, it may be concluded that the two enzymes are not identical.
Microscopic Studies on Fused Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis. IV. Decomposition of Ammonia over Two Different Constituents
Authors: Osumi Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An unreduced iron synthetic ammonia catalyst promoted with potash or potash and alumina was separated into two different sorts of powders (A and B). Some of their properties were mentioned in the previous reports. Their catalytic activities for decomposing ammonia mixed with hydrogen were studied at atmospheric pressure by a specially devised flow method. The results are:
1. Between about 400°C and 500°C and for the gas mixtures of several compositions, A powder is more active than B.
2. The actions of the gas mixture laden with water vapour over ice kept in a −7°C bath and of that with 0.4A% carbon monoxide are much the same in the rate and extent of poisoning as well as in the rate of recovering when the admixing of the poisoning gases is discontinued. As to the liability to the effects, one sort of powder scarcely differs from another.
3. Heating at 740°C for one hour has no effect. Heating at 830°C for one hour makes B powder less active and A powder also less active at first, but its activity before heating is soon recovered in the course of a run.
4. The activity of a potash-free alumina-promoted catalyst is not affected by adding before reduction a small amount of potashrich B powder.
A Rapid Determination of Nitrogen in Organic Compounds by the Iodic Acid Decomposition Method
Authors: Ohashi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method has been developed to permit the rapid determination of nitrogen in organic compounds. The sample is decomposed with iodic acid-strong phosphoric acid reagent in a glass reaction vessel, and the liberated nitrogen is collected in an azotometer filled with potassium hydroxide solution by the flow of pure carbon dioxide. From the volume of the nitrogen thus collected the percentage of the nitrogen in the sample can be readily determined. This method is, so to speak, the wet modification of the Dumas method.
For various types of compounds containing nitrogen, ammonium salts, amine, azo-compound, pyrrol, thiazole, etc., satisfactory results were obtained by means of this method. The nitrogen in a 10 to 50 mg. sample can be determined for thirty to forty minutes with a simple and inexpensive apparatus.
But volatile compounds, nitro- or nitroso-compounds, compounds having purine, pyridine, quinoline, and other complicated rings, etc., can not give good results.
A Note on Some Alkoxydisilanes
Authors: Okawara Rokuro , Tanaka Toshio , Maruo Keiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Hexamethoxy-, hexaethoxy- and hexaisopropoxy-disilane were prepared and characterized.
2) Dehydrochlorination at an elevated temperature was not suitable for the preparation.
3) A trace of chlorine compound contaminated in the product could be completely taken off by dry ammonia or pyridine.
4) Alkoxydisilanes could not be prepared by using pyridine throughout the reaction as an acid acceptor.
5) The volume of hydrogen evolved by the fission of alkoxydisilanes varied with the reagents.