bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notch1 signals through Jagged2 to regulate apoptosis in the apical ectodermal ridge of the developing limb bud
Authors: Francis Jeffrey C. , Radtke Freddy , Logan Malcolm P.O. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Notch family of receptors is involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including cell fate specification, cell proliferation, and cell survival decisions during cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. Notch1 and Notch ligands are expressed in the developing limbs, and Notch signalling has been implicated in the formation of a variety of tissues that comprise the limb, such as the skeleton, musculature, and vasculature. Notch signalling has also been implicated in regulating overall limb size. We have used a conditional allele of Notch1 in combination with two different Cre transgenic lines to delete Notch1 function either in the limb mesenchyme or in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and limb ectoderm. We demonstrate that Notch signalling, involving Notch1 and Jagged2, is required to regulate the number of Fgf8‐expressing cells that comprise the AER and that regulation of the levels of fibroblast growth factor signalling is important for the freeing of the digits during normal limb formation. Regulation of the extent of the AER is achieved by Notch signalling positively regulating apoptosis in the AER. We also demonstrate that Notch1 is not required for proper formation of all the derivatives of the limb mesenchyme. Developmental Dynamics 234:1006–1015, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the regulation of lin‐41 during chick and mouse limb development
Authors: Lancman Joseph J. , Caruccio Nicholas C. , Harfe Brian D. , Pasquinelli Amy E. , Schageman Jeoffrey J. , Pertsemlidis Alexander , Fallon John F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe have cloned the chicken and mouse orthologues of the Caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic gene lin‐41. During limb development, lin‐41 is expressed in three phases over developmental time and most notably is associated with the developing autopod. Using chicken and mouse mutants and bead implantations, we report that lin‐41 is genetically and biochemically downstream of both the Shh and Fgf signaling pathways. In C. elegans, it is proposed that lin‐41 activity is temporally regulated by miRNAs (let‐7 and lin‐4) that bind to complementary sites in the lin‐41 3′‐untranslated region (UTR). Taking a bioinformatics approach, we also report the presence of potential miRNA binding sites in the 3′‐UTR of chicken lin‐41, including sites for the chicken orthologues of both C. elegans let‐7 and lin‐4. Finally, we show that these miRNAs and others are expressed in the chick limb consistent with the hypothesis that they regulate chicken Lin‐41 activity in vivo. Developmental Dynamics 234:948–960, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct regulatory elements mediate the dynamic expression pattern of Nkx3.1
Authors: Chen Hui , Mutton Laura N. , Prins Gail S. , Bieberich Charles J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLoss of Nkx3.1 function in mice results in defects in prostate development and epithelial hyperplasia, indicating that this gene plays important roles in both the initiation and maintenance of prostate differentiation. In humans, decreased NKX3.1 expression is associated with the progression of prostate cancer. Despite these roles in prostate development and disease, the transcriptional regulation of Nkx3.1 has not been systematically addressed. A reporter gene approach in transgenic mice was used to identify regulatory regions that dictate the expression pattern of Nkx3.1. A 32‐kb DNA fragment from the Nkx3.1 locus that specifies the expected expression pattern during embryogenesis and postnatal life has been identified. Deletion analyses demonstrated that cis‐regulatory elements that mediate expression in distinct sites are separable. A 5‐kb fragment downstream of the Nkx3.1 coding region contains elements that support expression in the prostate and bulbourethral glands, whereas an upstream fragment contains elements that direct expression in somites and testes. Reporter gene expression analyses also revealed several previously unknown sites of Nkx3.1 expression in males, including urethral glands, glandular cells in the urethral diverticulum and basal epithelial cells in the prostate. In addition, these analyses revealed Nkx3.1 expression in female urethral glands. The identification of Nkx3.1 cis‐regulatory elements provides a unique starting point to dissect signaling pathways involved in prostate organogenesis and pathogenesis and provides a system to perturb gene expression throughout prostate development. Developmental Dynamics 234:961–973, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case of mucormycosis limited to the parotid gland
Authors: Chandu Arun , MacIsaac Richard J. , MacGregor Duncan P. , Campbell Matthew C. , Wilson Michael J. , Bach Leon A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground.Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection commonly affecting structures in the head and neck such as air sinuses, orbits, and the brain. Common predisposing factors include diabetes and immunosuppression. To date, only one case of mucormycosis involving the parotid gland has been reported, and this infection was associated with a fatal outcome.Methods.We report a case of parotid gland mucormycosis in a 45‐year‐old woman with type 2 diabetes, who was successfully treated with a superficial parotidectomy and intravenous amphotericin B.Results.After initial surgical and antifungal therapy, the patient was left with a residual facial nerve palsy for which multiple sling procedures were performed. She is currently alive and well 6 years after the diagnosis of mucormycosis.Conclusions.Mucormycosis of the parotid gland is a rare form of this often‐fatal infection. In this case, infection remained isolated to the parotid gland and was diagnosed soon after presentation. The patient most likely survived because of the early diagnosis, successful surgical removal of all infected tissue, use of intravenous amphotericin therapy, and the aggressive management of comorbidities such as her diabetes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Antifungal and antibacterial properties of a silver‐loaded cellulosic fiber
Authors: Hipler Uta‐Christina , Elsner Peter , Fluhr Joachim W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe skin is the interface between the body and the environment. Each skin type has a specific skin physiology and is more or less adapted for protection against multiple stress factors. Textiles on the other hand are the tissues with the longest contact to the human skin. They play a critical role especially in skin conditions with an increased rate of bacterial and fungal infections like atopic dermatitis and hyperhidrosis, and in diabetic patients and aged skin. The present study demonstrates the antifungal and antibacterial effects of SeaCell® Active in an in vitro test system against Candida albicans (DSM 11225), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 1169), and Candida krusei (ATCC 6258). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of fibers with different amounts of SeaCell® Active fibers in a dose‐dependent manner against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 22923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218) could be demonstrated. If this fiber seems to be suited for bioactive textiles in specific anatomical regions and skin conditions with a susceptibility for fungal and bacterial infections due to Candida species, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, must be examined by means of further investigations, especially in vivo tests in human, considering allergic and toxic effects of the fiber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Augmentation of implant purchase with bone cements: An in vitro study of injectability and dough distribution
Authors: Gisep A. , Curtis R. , Hänni M. , Suhm N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractVertebroplasty is widely used to treat (augment) osteoporotic fractures of the spine. This technique—with or without metallic implants—might have more widespread indications, if the mechanics of the injection and distribution of the cement dough through cannulated instruments and implants were better understood. This study was performed to investigate injectability of calcium phosphate and acrylic bone cements through implant prototypes, which featured different perforated sleeve designs. Using a custom‐made capillary rheometer, the forces needed to inject 10 mL of the cement dough through standard cannulas were measured in the first series of experiments. In the second series, plastic sleeves were attached to the rheometer, simulating the implant. In both series, the dough was injected into ambient laboratory atmosphere, and in the second series, cement distribution was analyzed by means of an optical system. Injection of cement dough through the cannulas required forces between 50 and 400 N in the case of acrylic cements and between 40 and 500 N in case of the calcium phosphate cements. Using different sleeves did not have a significant influence on the distribution of the cement dough around the sleeve. The amount of cement dough injected was reduced when a perforated implant was attached to the cannula. More material was delivered through the proximal holes of the implant, leading to a V‐shaped distribution of the cement dough. Among topics to be investigated in future studies is determination of the injectability of cement dough into trabecular bone or bone‐like structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Chemical characteristics and cytocompatibility of collagen‐based scaffold reinforced by chitin fibers for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Feng Qingling , Wang Wenjie , Cui Fuzhai 
Published: October 2005

AbstractChitin is a kind of seemly material to match PLLA for a scaffold, which may create an appropriate environment for the regeneration of tissues. In this study, we prepared and evaluated a new nano‐hydroxyapatite/collagen/PLLA (nHACP) scaffold reinforced by chitin fibers for bone‐tissue engineering. The chitin fibers were crosslinked with PLLA by dicyclohexylcarbodimide (DCC). The chemical characteristics were evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanical strength was measured by compressive tests. The fibers, crosslinked with PLLA, could enhance the compressive strength of the scaffold about four times. Human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) culture showed that the reinforced nHACP scaffolds were more cytocompatible than that without reinforcement. The crosslinks hardly affected the cytocompatibility of the reinforced scaffolds. The results suggested that the reinforced scaffolds (DCC crosslinked) might be a promising candidate for bone‐tissue engineering. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
A clinical case report: Interface analysis of a successful well‐functioning transmandibular implant from a cadaver mandible
Authors: Nomura Tsutomu , Gold Evan , Powers Michael P. , Shingaki Susumu , Saito Chikara , Katz J. Lawrence 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTransmandibular implants (TMI) are indicated both for functional reconstruction of the severely atrophic mandible and when routine augmentation is unpredictable. This study investigates the interface of bone around a TMI, retrieved from the cadaver. The TMI had successfully functioned for 7 years. The mandible was immersed in 10% formaldehyde and sectioned into nine appropriate pieces. Samples were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate, and cut around the transosseous posts and cortical screws in both vertical and horizontal sections. Samples were analyzed at 400 MHz (nominal lateral resolution, 2.5 μm) using a UH3 Scanning Acoustic Microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The middle of implant specimens 1–4 were cut to 50 μm, and stained by toluidine blue for light microscopy. Dental X‐rays showed no bone resorption around any implant. On a 2‐mm lateral scan, almost uniform interface space was seen between bone and implant surface in cortical screws. There are wider spaces around the transmandibular posts in the superior area. Histology revealed the small area of direct contact. There is bone marrow space in the interface, with no significant fibrous tissue. We interpret these results at the interface to be because of adaptation for stress distribution © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
New oxidation treatment of NiTi shape memory alloys to obtain Ni‐free surfaces and to improve biocompatibility
Authors: Michiardi A. , Aparicio C. , Planell J.A. , Gil F.J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractVarious oxidation treatments were applied to nearly equiatomic NiTi alloys so as to form a Ni‐free protective oxide on the surface. Sample surfaces were analyzed by X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and NiTi transformation temperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) before and after the surface treatment. An ion release experiment was carried out up to one month of immersion in SBF for both oxidized and untreated surfaces. The results show that oxidation treatment in a low‐oxygen pressure atmosphere leads to a high surface Ti/Ni ratio, a very low Ni surface concentration and a thick oxide layer. This oxidation treatment does not significantly affect the shape memory properties of the alloy. Moreover, the oxide formed significantly decreases Ni release into exterior medium comparing with untreated surfaces. As a consequence, this new oxidation treatment could be of great interest for biomedical applications, as it could minimize sensitization and allergies and improve biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of NiTi shape memory alloys. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Optimal binary covering codes of length 2j
Authors: Weakley William D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe minimum size of a binary covering code of length n and covering radius r is denoted by K(n,r), and codes of this length are called optimal. For j > 0 and n = 2j, it is known that K(n,1) = 2 · K(n−1,1) = 2n − j. Say that two binary words of length n form a duo if the Hamming distance between them is 1 or 2. In this paper, it is shown that each optimal binary covering code of length n = 2j, j > 0, and covering radius 1 is the union of duos in just one way, and that the closed neighborhoods of the duos form a tiling of the set of binary words of length n. Methods of constructing such optimal codes from optimal covering codes of length n − 1 (that is, perfect single‐error‐correcting codes) are discussed. The paper ends with the construction of an optimal covering code of length 16 that does not contain an extension of any optimal covering code of length 15. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs
Extending the Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem
Authors: Tokushige Norihide 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLet ${\cal F}$ be a k‐uniform hypergraph on n vertices. Suppose that $|F_{1}\cap \cdots \cap F_{r}|\ge t$ holds for all $F_{1},\ldots ,F_{r}\in {\cal F}$. We prove that the size of ${\cal F}$ is at most ${{n-t}\choose {k-t}}$ if $p= {k \over n}$ satisfies

and n is sufficiently large. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs
A classification of all symmetric block designs of order nine with an automorphism of order six
Authors: Crnković Dean , Rukavina Sanja , Schmidt Marcel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe complete the classification of all symmetric designs of order nine admitting an automorphism of order six. As a matter of fact, the classification for the parameters (35,17,8), (56,11,2), and (91,10,1) had already been done, and in this paper we present the results for the parameters (36,15,6), (40,13,4), and (45,12,3). We also provide information about the order and the structure of the full automorphism groups of the constructed designs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 301–312, 2006
Involvement of TRAIL/TRAIL‐receptors in human intestinal cell differentiation
Authors: Rimondi Erika , Secchiero Paola , Quaroni Andrea , Zerbinati Carlotta , Capitani Silvano , Zauli Giorgio 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDespite the fact that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors (TRAIL‐Rs) are expressed in intestinal mucosa, little is known about the biological role of this system in intestinal cell physiology. The expression of surface TRAIL and TRAIL‐R1, ‐R2, ‐R3, ‐R4 were examined by flow cytometry in the immortalized human cell line tsFHI under culture conditions promoting growth or growth arrest and expression of differentiated traits. A progressive increase of surface TRAIL expression paralleled tsFHI differentiation, consistently with immunohistochemistry analysis showing an increase of TRAIL immunostaining along the crypt–villus axis in normal jejuneal mucosa. In spite of the presence of TRAIL‐R1 and TRAIL‐R2 “death receptors,” recombinant TRAIL was not cytotoxic for tsFHI cells. Exposure of tsFHI to recombinant TRAIL rather increased/anticipated the expression levels of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, which mediate the induction of growth arrest and the stabilization of differentiated traits, respectively, as well as of the canonical differentiation marker DPPIV. The differentiation inducing activity of TRAIL was abolished by pre‐incubation with a Fc‐TRAIL‐R2 chimera. On the other hand, TRAIL did not significantly modulate the levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), CXCL8/IL‐8, CXCL9/MIG, and CXCL10/IP10 spontaneously released or induced by inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these data suggest that TRAIL might act as a paracrine trophic cytokine on intestinal epithelium, promoting intestinal cell differentiation. J.Cell.Physiol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable knockdown of CFTR establishes a role for the channel in P2Y receptor‐stimulated anion secretion
Authors: Palmer Melissa L. , Lee So Yeong , Carlson Dan , Fahrenkrug Scott , O'Grady Scott M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractP2Y receptor regulation of anion secretion was investigated in porcine endometrial gland (PEG) epithelial cells. P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors were detected in monolayers of PEG cells and immunocytochemistry indicated that P2Y4 receptors were located in the apical membrane. Apical membrane current measurements showed that Ca2+‐dependent and PKC‐dependent Cl− channels were activated following treatment with uridine triphosphate (UTP) (5 µM). Current‐voltage relationships comparing calcium‐dependent and PKC‐dependent UTP responses under biionic conditions showed significant differences in selectivity between Cl− and I− for the PKC‐dependent conductance (PI/PCl = 0.76), but not for Ca2+‐dependent conductance (PI/PCl = 1.02). The I−/Cl− permeability ratio for the PKC‐dependent conductance was identical to that measured for 8‐cpt cAMP. Furthermore, PKC stimulation using phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) activated an apical membrane Cl− conductance that was blocked by the CFTR selective inhibitor, CFTRinh‐172. CFTR silencing, accomplished by stable expression of small hairpin RNAs (shRNA), blocked the PKC‐activated conductance associated with UTP stimulation and provided definitive evidence of a role for CFTR in anion secretion. CFTR activation increased the initial magnitude of Cl− secretion, and provided a more sustained secretory response compared to conditions where only Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels were activated by UTP. Measurements of [cAMP]i following UTP and PMA stimulation were not significantly different than untreated controls. Thus, these results demonstrate that UTP and PMA activation of CFTR occurs independently of increases in intracellular cAMP and extend the findings of earlier studies of CFTR regulation by PKC in Xenopus oocytes to a mammalian anion secreting epithelium. J.Cell.Physiol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TNF‐α‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand decoy receptor DcR2 is targeted by androgen action in the rat ventral prostate
Authors: Vindrieux David , Réveiller Marie , Florin Anne , Blanchard Cécile , Ruffion Alain , Devonec Marian , Benahmed Mohamed , Grataroli Renée 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe apoptotic cell death process in the prostate is known to be under the control of androgens. Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF‐α family of cytokines, known to induce apoptosis upon binding to its death domain‐containing receptors, DR4/TRAIL‐R1 and DR5/TRAIL‐R2. Two additional TRAIL receptors, DcR1/TRAIL‐R3 and DcR2/TRAIL‐R4, lack functional death domains and act as decoy receptors for TRAIL. In this study, we examined whether TRAIL and cellular receptors expression was targeted by androgens during the apoptotic cell death process in the hormone sensitive ventral prostate. The role of androgens was investigated using two sets of experiment. (1) Androgen deprivation associated with an apoptotic process resulted in a decrease in DcR2 mRNA and protein expression in the ventral prostate 3 days after castration. Testosterone administration to castrated adult rats prevented the decrease in DcR2 mRNA and protein levels in the ventral prostate. In contrast, DcR2 expression was modified, neither in the dorsolateral nor in the anterior prostate following castration. No changes were observed in DR4, DR5, DcR1, and TRAIL mRNA and protein levels in prostate after castration. (2) A specific decrease in DcR2 expression was observed in the ventral prostate after treatment of rats with the anti‐androgen flutamide. Together, the present results suggest that testosterone specifically controls DcR2 expression in the adult rat ventral prostate. Androgen withdrawal, by reducing DcR2 expression, might leave the cells vulnerable to cell death signals generated by TRAIL via its functional receptors. J.Cell.Physiol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterisation of serum‐induced intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in primary bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Foreman Megan A. , Smith Janet , Publicover Stephen J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIntracellular Ca2+ signalling is pivotal to cell function and [Ca2+]i oscillations permit precise and prolonged modulation of an array of Ca2+‐sensitive processes without the need for extended, global elevations in [Ca2+]i. We have studied [Ca2+]i signalling in primary rat marrow stromal cells exposed to foetal calf serum (FCS) constituents at concentrations up to those required to promote growth and differentiation in culture. Spontaneous [Ca2+]i signalling was not observed, but exposure to 1% FCS induced regular, sustained Ca2+ oscillations in 41 ± 3% of cells. Incidence of FCS‐induced oscillations was dose‐dependent, saturating at 0.5%. These oscillations were arrested by disruption of Ca2+ stores with 100 nM–1 µM thapsigargin or discharge of mitochondrial membrane potential and were sensitive to blockade of IP3‐receptors by 50 µM 2‐amino‐ethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) and inhibition of phospholipase C with 5 µM U73122. The oscillations decreased in frequency and amplitude following inhibition of Ca2+ influx with EGTA or La3+ but were poorly sensitive to nifedipine (1–10 µM) and Bay K 8644 (300 nM). The factor(s) responsible for inducing [Ca2+]i oscillations are heat stable, insensitive to disulphide bond reduction with 20 mM dithioerythritol and retained by a 30 kDa molecular weight filter. Serum is routinely present in culture medium at 10%–15% [v/v] and marrow stromal cells maintained under culture conditions exhibited sustained oscillations. This is the first demonstration of agonist‐induced complex Ca2+ signals in marrow stromal cells. We conclude that Ca2+ oscillations occur constantly in these cells in culture and are potentially important regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. J.Cell.Physiol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.