bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural and electrophoretic analysis of Treponema hyodysenteriae axial filaments
Authors: Miller D. P. , Toivio-Kinnucan M. , Wu G. , Wilt G. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Axial filaments of Treponema hyodysenteriae were purified and examined by transmission electron microscopy. The size and fine structure of the filaments were similar to those of Treponema zuelzerae and Treponema phagedenis biotype reiterii. Filaments were dissociated by heat and 2-mercaptoethanol and examined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Six protein bands were evident, with approximate molecular weights of 39,000, 29,000, 27,000, 22,000, 21,000, and 18,500 daltons. All the proteins reacted with T hyodysenteriae and T innocens rabbit antisera, using the immunoblot technique.
Protection of mice and swine from pseudorabies virus-induced mortality by administration of pseudorabies virus-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Marchioli Carmine , Yancey R. J. , Timmins J. G. , Post L. E. , Young B. R. , Povendo D. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hybridomas were selected for secretion of monoclonal antibodies directed against pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins. Each monoclonal antibody was capable of neutralizing prv in vitro in the presence of complement. This panel of antibodies was used in passive immunization studies to protect mice and swine from prv-induced mortality. The most protective antibody in mice was 3A4, specific for prv glycoprotein gp50, which afforded as high as 100% protection. Although antibody 3A4 was partially protective in swine, antibody 3D11, which is specific for prv glycoprotein glll, afforded greater protection—83% protection when ascitic fluid was used and 100% protection when immunoglobulin concentrated from cell cultures was used at a dose of 150 mg/pig. These studies demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies may be useful for short-term prophylaxis against prv-induced disease and that antibody directed against either prv glycoprotein glll or gp50 is sufficient to protect animals from prv-induced mortality.
Activity of febantel on natural infections of gastrointestinal helminths in lambs in a controlled test
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Drudge J. H. , Tolliver S. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The efficacy of febantel paste formulation (6 and 12 mg/kg) against natural infections of gastrointestinal helminths in lambs (n = 33) in Kentucky was evaluated in a controlled test. For the test, 23 lambs were treated orally (17 at 6 mg/kg and 6 at 12 mg/kg) and 10 lambs were not treated. Removals at both dosages in treated lambs were 95% to 100% for species of immature and mature Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, and Cooperia; and mature Ostertagia females, Nematodirus, and Strongyloides. For immature Nematodirus, removals were 92% and 77% at the dosages of 6 and 12 mg/kg, respectively. Only a few specimens (av < 100) of some other species or stages were found in the nontreated group and removal of them (at both dosages) were 94% to 100% for Ostertagia (immature and males), Strongyloides (immature), Oesophagostomum (immature), and Moniezia (mature); and 61% (at 6 mg/kg) and 100% (at 12 mg/kg) for Capillaria (mature), 0% for Trichuris (mature, at both dosages), and 67% (at 6 mg/kg) and 100% (at 12 mg/kg) for Oesophagostomum (mature).
Lesions in transplacentally induced toxoplasmosis in goats
Authors: Dubey J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifteen pregnant does were inoculated orally with 10 to 1,000 oocysts of the GT-1 strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Two does were euthanatized on postinoculation days (pid) 10 and 14, and the remaining 13 does aborted or delivered kids transplacentally infected with T gondii on pid 9 to 65. Tissues of all 34 fetuses or kids from the inoculated does were examined for gross and microscopic lesions. Placental necrosis and encephalomyelitis were the most prominent lesions. Toxoplasma gondii invaded the fetal placenta between pid 9 and 11 and invaded fetal tissues 2 to 3 days later. Necrosis attributed to toxoplasmosis, confined to cotyledons, was found in all placentas examined on pid 18. Encephalomyelitis was found in most fetuses or kids between pid 30 and 65. Lesions in fetal tissues were sparse. Because T gondii is rarely found in lesions, histologic examination of the fetal tissues is not likely to help in diagnosing every case of transplacentally induced toxoplasmosis in goats.
Treatment of clinically normal and cystinuric dogs with 2-mercaptopropionylglycine
Authors: Hoppe Astrid , Denneberg Torsten , Kågedal Bertil 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a pharmacokinetic and tolerance study, 2 healthy Beagles were given 13.2 to 39.5 mg of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-mpg)/kg of body weight orally once daily in increasing doses for 3 weeks. A third dog was given 10 mg of 2-mpg/kg of body weight, iv. The drug was well tolerated.
After these initial studies, 15 cystinuric dogs were treated with 2-mpg orally once daily for 5 to 45 months and with sodium bicarbonate for urine alkalinization and fluid diuresis. Pharmacokinetic studies were done in 7 dogs on the third day of oral treatment with 2-mpg. After oral administration of 15.6 to 31.3 of 2-mpg/kg of body weight, maximal serum/plasma concentrations were from 28.6 to 76.3/μmol/L after 1 to 3 hours in 6 cystinuric dogs. The mean urinaiy excretion was 22% (range, 0.3 to 58.9%) of the dose.
Ten of 15 cystinuric dogs had no re-formation of uroliths. Of 4 dogs with uroliths at the beginning of treatment, 3 had total urolith dissolution on continuous treatment. During treatment, further growth of the uroliths was inhibited in one dog, and in another dog with re-formed uroliths, they dissolved. We concluded that 2-mpg is well tolerated and promising for treatment of cystinuric dogs, but the pharmacokinetic studies should be expanded to include different dosage regimens, and results of long-term treatment should be evaluated.
Our recommendations for treatment of dogs with cystine uroliths include surgical intervention if the dog has urethral obstruction or has dysuria. If the dog's urethra is not obstructed, a combination of urine alkalinization, fluid diuresis, and oral treatment with 2-mpg at a daily dosage of 30 to 40 mg/kg of body weight will cause urolith dissolution in most instances. Also, these measures are effective in preventing urolith reformation.
Plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations in goats with estrous cycles of normal or short duration after prostaglandin F2α administration during diestrus or pregnancy
Authors: Bretzlaff K. N. , Weston P. G. , Hixon J. E. , Ott R. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma luteinizing hormone (lh) and progesterone concentrations were compared in does experiencing short-duration estrous cycles and in does with estrous cycles of normal duration. The short-duration estrous cycles were observed immediately after induction of abortion in pregnant does by use of prostaglandin (pg) F2α. Intramuscular administration of 5 mg of pgf2α was accomplished in 8 does that were 52 to 63 days into gestation and in 9 cycling does at 7 to 10 days after estrus. In both groups, the mean plasma concentration of progesterone decreased from a luteal phase concentration immediately before to < 1 ng/ml by 24 hours after pgf2α administration. Of the 8 does that aborted, 6 experienced short-duration estrous cycles, and 4 of these 6 had an lh surge during the time of blood sample collection. The mean time from pgf2α administration to the lh surge was significantly (P < 0.05) longer in does with short-duration estrous cycles (71 hours) than that in does with estrous cycles of normal duration (58 hours). The mean area under the lh concentration curve was significantly (P < 0.005) less for does with short-duration estrous cycles. Short-duration estrous cycles were associated with delayed preovulatory lh surges of reduced magnitude.
Scintigraphic imaging of technetium 99m-labeled neutrophils in the dog
Authors: Moon M. L. , Hinkle G. N. , Krakowka G. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Autologous canine neutrophils were labeled with technetium 99m and reinjected in 7 dogs with experimentally induced focal abscesses to determine the ability of scintigraphy to localize a focus of sepsis (abscess). Good localization of labeled cells in an abscess was achieved; however, a large portion of the technetium 99m eluted from the neutrophils.
Efficacy of ivermectin in the oral paste formulation against naturally acquired adult and larval stages of Parascaris equorum in pony foals
Authors: French D. D. , Klei T. R. , Taylor H. W. , Chapman M. R. , Wright F. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The efficacy of ivermectin in oral paste formulation at a dosage of 200 μg/kg of body weight was tested against naturally acquired larval and adult stages of Parascaris equorum, in a controlled study. Twenty infected pony foals 18 to 27 weeks of age were randomly allocated to 2 groups of 10 each and were placed in dry lots. Foals in 1 group were given ivermectin on day 0. Necropsies and parasite recoveries from small intestines and lung tissues were performed on 5 foals in each group at 2 weeks after treatment (wat) and on the remaining foals at 5 wat. Ivermectin was 100% effective against adult P equorum. At 2 wat, ivermectin was 100% effective against lung larval stages and 91% effective against intestinal larvae of P equorum. Efficacy of ivermectin against all intestinal stages was 93%. Intestinal and lung larval populations were similar in ivermectin-treated and nontreated foals at 5 wat, indicating that the foals had become reinfected from the contaminated drylots, with larvae repopulating in the tissues 2 to 5 wat. Apparent increases in severity of lymphoproliferative and inflammatory tissue reactions were observed histologically in lung and liver tissues of treated foals. Clear differences in clinical conditions between foals in treated and nontreated groups were not observed. However, weight gains in foals were greatest after treatment.
Efficacy of oxfendazole against inhibited larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi acquired by calves in the spring
Authors: Miller James E. , Hembry F. Glen , Kearney Michael T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During the spring of 1985, 40 calves grazed pastures known to have high numbers of spring inhibition-prone, infective Ostertagia ostertagi larvae. Calves were removed from pasture and placed in outdoor pens with concrete floors from 10 days prior to treatment until necropsy 14 days after treatment. Ten calves were allocated to each of 4 treatment groups, and oxfendazole was administered to each group by intraruminal injection at dosages of 0, 2.25, 4.5, and 6.75 mg/kg of body weight. Efficacies ≥ 94.6% were achieved at dosages of 4.5 and 6.75 mg/kg against adult Ostertagia spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, and Dictyocaulus viviparus. Efficacy against inhibited larvae of O ostertagi was variable, with the highest efficacy (90.2%) attained at a dosage of 6.75 mg/kg.
Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in Beagles
Authors: Maggio-Price Lillian , Emerson Carol L. , Hinds Thomas R. , Vincenzi Frank F. , Hammond William R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three Beagles with chronic anemia and reticulocytosis were studied. The dogs originated from a large breeding colony and appeared clinically normal with the exception of splenomegaly. The pcv ranged from 30 to 39% (normal, 46 to 56%), with reticulocyte indices of 2.3 to 9.9. Red blood cells were morphologically normal, and examination of marrow aspirates revealed erythroid hyperplasia. Shortened chromium-51 rbc life-spans (7.2 to 15.4 days in anemic dogs; 22.2 to 25.2 days in control dogs) documented a hemolytic anemia. Acquired causes of hemolytic anemia were ruled out. Red blood cells had normal glycolytic enzyme activities, no evidence of unstable or abnormal hemoglobin, and had altered osmotic fragility curves. The breeding of 2 anemic dogs resulted in offspring with anemia and reticulocytosis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no abnormalities in rbc membrane cytoskeletal proteins in all anemic adult dogs and in 3 offspring.
Evaluation of heat-sensitive, neutrophil-toxic, and hemolytic activity of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Rosendal S. , Devenish J. , MacInnes J. I. , Lumsden J. H. , Watson S. , Xun H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cytotoxic and hemolytic activity of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 strain CM5 was investigated because of the potential role as a virulence determinant. Viable bacteria were toxic for porcine and bovine neutrophils, whereas bacteria killed by heat treatment at 60 C for 1 hour were not. Similarly, bacteria-free culture supernatant was cytotoxic and hemolytic in assays that used porcine neutrophils and erythrocytes, whereas supernatant treated at 60 C for 1 hour had no activity. Erythrocytes from various species were susceptible to the hemolytic activity of bacteria-free culture supernatant, with ovine and bovine erythrocytes being most sensitive. The neutrophil-toxic and hemolytic activity of bacteria-free culture supernatant was inhibited by cholesterol and oxygen and abolished after trypsin digestion. The neutrophil-toxic and hemolytic activity was preserved during storage at or < 4 C, but was lost rapidly at 56 C or 80 C.
Neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in serum of pigs and rabbits immunized with 10-fold concentrated culture supernatant of strain CM5 and in field pigs that had recovered from natural infection with H pleuropneumoniae serotype 1.
Bacteria-free culture supernatants of 18 strains, including H pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 through 10, Actinobacillus suis, and Haemophilus taxon minor group, were tested for heat-sensitive, neutrophil-toxic, and hemolytic activity. Fifteen strains were neutrophil toxic, but only 10 of these were hemolytic. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, serotype 1, strain VLS557; serotype 5, strain K17; and Haemophilus taxon minor group strain 33PN were neither cytotoxic nor hemolytic.
Pharmacokinetics of thiamylal in cats
Authors: Wertz E. M. , Benson G. J. , Thurmon J. C. , Tranquilli W. J. , Davis L. E. , Koritz G. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pharmacokinetics of thiamylal were determined after 13.2 mg of thiamylal/kg of body weight was administered iv to 6 healthy cats. Blood samples were obtained for 12 hours. Disposition of thiamylal best conformed to 2 multicompartmental models, a 2-compartment (n = 1) and a 3-compartment (n = 5) open pharmacokinetic model. The pharmacokinetic values were calculated for the overall best-fitted model, a mixed 2- and 3-compartmental model. The first or rapid distribution half-life was 1.91 minutes and a second, or slower, distribution half-life was 26.51 minutes. The elimination half-life was 14.34 hours. The apparent volume of distribution was 3.61 ± 1.8463 L/kg, whereas the apparent volume of the central compartment was 0.46 ± 0.2034 L/kg, and the total clearance was 0.135 ± 0.0616 L/kg/h.
Survival of rough and smooth strains of Brucella abortus in bovine mammary gland macrophages
Authors: Harmon Barry G. , Adams L. Garry , Frey Miles 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chronic bovine brucellosis is characterized by persistent infection of the mammary gland. The interaction of live Brucella abortus with bovine mammary gland macrophages was studied in vitro. Opsonization of smooth B abortus strain 2308 and rough strain 45/20 was required for phagocytosis by mammary gland macrophages. When opsonized with specific antiserum, strains 2308 and 45/20 stimulated a considerable oxidative burst when phagocytized by mammary gland macrophages. Intracellular survival rates for strain 2308 were significantly higher than those for strain 45/20. After being phagocytized, B abortus localized in phagosomes and phagolysosomes of mammary gland macrophages.
Muscle hemodynamics in hereditary myopathy of Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Amann John F. , Laughlin M. Harold , Korthuis Ronald J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Morphologic lesions seen in six 8-month-old Labrador Retrievers with hereditary myopathy were predominantly small- and large-group atrophy of muscle cells of all fiber types. The dogs were intolerant of exercise and fatigued rapidly. An isolated gracilis muscle preparation was used to study the hemodynamic features of the microvasculature. Isogravimetric capillary pressure as well as arterial and venous pressures in the isolated gracilis muscle preparation obtained during maximal vasodilatation were within the range reported for healthy, mixed-breed dogs, as were precapillary, postcapillary, and total vascular resistances. Capillary filtration and osmotic reflection coefficients were not different from those reported in other studies on healthy dogs. All measurements and calculations were repeated during reperfusion, subsequent to a 4-hour period of global ischemia. Postischemic vascular responses were similar to the pattern previously reported in healthy dogs. These studies did not support the hypothesis of a vascular defect as a cause of hereditary myopathy in Labrador Retrievers.
Method to create and maintain the patency of the bovine mammary papilla
Authors: Nassef Mahmoud T. , Coy C. H. , Watson Gary L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The patency of mammary papillae was reestablished after surgically induced injury. Perforated prosthetic tubes with affixed Dacron tubing or Teflon strips were implanted in 18 abraded papillae of lactating dairy cows and were secured with sutures. Wound healing was assessed by palpation and visual inspection. All wounds, with one exception, healed by first intention. Machine milking, reinstituted on day 5 after surgery, caused no apparent discomfort. Grossly and histopathologically, all implants stimulated a variable degree of mucosal metaplasia and hyperplasia. Only implants with Teflon strips became anchored by fibrotic invasion. Mastitis, tube migration, and milk fistulas were complications of the procedure.
Arachidonic acid metabolites produced by bovine alveolar macrophages
Authors: O'Sullivan M. G. , Dobrowsky R. T. , Fleisher L. N. , Olson N. C. , Brown T. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine alveolar macrophages, obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage, were labeled with tritiated arachidonic acid. The cells were stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, and the radiolabeled arachidonic acid metabolites that were released were identified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were consistently observed. The lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, blocked production of these metabolites. The cyclooxygenase products, prostaglandin F2α and thromboxane B2, were observed infrequently in comparison with leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.
Survey of serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations in a large Beagle population in which IgA deficiency had been identified
Authors: Glickman Lawrence T. , Shofer Frances S. , Payton Alice J. , Laster Larry L. , Felsburg Peter J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Concentrations of serum IgA, IgG, and IgM were determined for 829 adult Beagles from a commercial kennel in which several IgA-deficient dogs had been identified previously (index kennel). These values were compared with measurements of 100 adult dogs from another Beagle kennel (control kennel). After adjustment for differences in the ages and gender of the dogs, dogs from the index kennel had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower IgA concentrations (mean, 46 mg/dl) than dogs from the control kennel (mean, 68 mg/dl). Regardless of kennel, males had significantly (P < 0.01) higher IgA concentrations than did females. Dogs in the control kennel had significantly (P < 0.04) higher IgG concentrations (mean, 2,649 mg/dl) than did dogs in the index kennel (mean, 2,478 mg/dl), and female dogs in the control kennel had significantly (P < 0.05) higher IgM concentrations (mean, 189 mg/dl) than dogs of either sex in the index kennel (mean, 162 mg/dl) or male dogs in the control kennel (mean, 163 mg/dl). For both sexes, concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM increased with age.
Multiple regression analysis, using body size and cardiac cycle length, in predicting echocardiography variables in dogs
Authors: Jacobs Gilbert , Mahjoob Kooros 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A significant (P < 0.0001) positive correlation was demonstrated between left ventricular internal chamber dimension in diastole or systole and body weight, body surface area, cycle length, and the square root of cycle length. On the basis of adjusted coefficients of determination, multiple regression analysis, using body weight or body surface area and cycle length or the square root of cycle length, was superior to separate simple regression with these variables in accounting for variations in left ventricular internal chamber dimensions.
Shortening fraction had a significant (P < 0.0001) negative correlation and left ventricular free wall measurements had a significant (P < 0.0001) positive correlation to body weight and body surface area. For these echocardiographic variables, correlation to the square root of cycle length was insignificant (P > 0.05), and a multiple regression model was not helpful in developing confidence intervals. Septal wall measurements were not correlated with body weight, body surface area, cycle length, or the square root of cycle length.
Anosmia associated with canine distemper
Authors: Myers L. J. , Hanrahan L. A. , Swango L. J. , Nusbaum K. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The sense of smell in dogs infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) was examined by use of eeg olfactometry, behavioral olfactometry, and electro-olfactography. Infection with cdv was confirmed by a direct immunofluorescence technique in 8 active cases and was suggested by clinical history compatible with canine distemper 10 to 26 weeks earlier in 6 cases. Pathologic alterations of the olfactory mucosa in 3 clinically affected dogs was examined by light microscopy.
Infection with cdv was found to be associated with anosmia and lack of recorded responses on electro-olfactogram in 8 of 8 dogs with clinical signs of acute distemper from naturally acquired infections. Anosmia was found in 5 of 6 dogs that had recovered from acute distemper 10 to 26 weeks earlier. The sixth dog had hyposmia, with abnormalities on the electro-olfactogram. Histologic examination was not performed on the 6 dogs that had recovered. Histologic lesions observed at necropsy in 3 dogs that had had clinical signs of acute distemper were those of subacute purulent rhinitis and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium.
Altered olfactory function could be explained by mucopurulent exudate blocking odors from olfactory receptors in the acutely affected dogs, but alteration of olfactory function in the dogs that had recovered without clinical evidence of rhinitis could not be explained.