bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of modified brain histamine contents on prolactin and thyrotropin secretion in male rats
Authors: Tuominen Raimo K , Tuomisto Leena , Männistö Pekka T 
Published: December 2008

Tuominen RK, Tuomisto L, Männistö PT. Effect of modified brain histamine contents on prolactin and thyrotropin secretion in male rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:209–14. ISSN 0804–4643
Effects of modified brain histamine contents on thyrotropin and prolactin secretion were studied in male rats. Under basal conditions the histamine content in the hypothalamus was approximately 8–10-fold higher than that in the striatum and the rest of the brain. l-Histidine (1000 mg/kg, ip), a histamine precursor, and metoprine (20 mg/kg, ip), an inhibitor of histamine methyltransferase, elevated histamine content in the brain by 65% and 167%, respectively. When the treatments were given together an additive effect (119–250% increase) on brain histamine was observed. Metoprine significantly decreased serum prolactin levels, while l-histidine had no effect. This effect of metoprine was not modified by treatment with l-histidine. Thus, metoprine has an inhibitory effect on prolactin secretion that is not related to elevated brain histamine contents. The increased brain histamine content after l-histidine treatment had no effect on prolactin secretion. Basal levels of serum thyrotropin were decreased by both l-histidine and metoprine, l-histidine being more potent. In rats treated with α-fluoromethylhistidine, an inhibitor of l-histidine decarboxylase, the cold-induced (rats kept for 60 min at +4°C) thyrotropin secretion was increased while the stress-induced prolactin secretion was decreased. In these rats, metoprine did not affect thyrotropin release but blunted the prolactin response. In conclusion, endogenous histamine inhibits thyrotropin secretion but does not affect prolactin release. Owing to its other effects, metoprine is not suitable as a tool to elevate endogenous histamine contents in the brain, at least when the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone release is being studied.
Raimo K Tuominen, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, PO Box 8, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Hypothyroid patients showing shortened responsiveness to oral iodized oil have paradoxically low serum thyroglobulin and low thyroid reserve. Thyroglobulin/thyrotropin ratio as a measure of thyroid damage
Authors: Contempre B , Duale GL , Gervy C , Alexandre J , Vanovervelt N , Dumont JE 
Published: December 2008

Contempre B, Duale GL, Gervy C, Alexandre J, Vanovervelt N, Dumont JE. Hypothyroid patients showing shortened responsiveness to oral iodized oil have paradoxically low serum thyroglobulin and low thyroid reserve. Thyroglobulin/thyrotropin ratio as a measure of thyroid damage. Eur J Endocrinol 1996:134:342–51. ISSN 0804–4643
In Central Africa, all of northern Zaire is very severely deficient in iodine. A peculiar feature of this endemia is that iodine deficiency and the ensuing thyroid gland stimulation not only leads to goitre formation but also to progressive thyroid involution and to myxoedematous cretinism. An iodine supplementation trial based on oral administration of small doses of iodine was made in 81 schoolchildren. All of them received a small dose of iodine (0.1 ml containing 48 mg) per os and the thyroid status was followed during 4 months. Blood and urine samples were collected at the start of the study, then 2 weeks, 2 months and 4 months after iodine administration. Before iodine supplementation, the mean urinary iodine level was 0.18 ± 0.02 μmol/l, and 10% of the subjects had a urinary iodine level below 0.08 μmol/l, Fifty-two percent of the subjects had a serum thyrotropin (TSH) level above 10 mU/l. All the subjects responded to the administration of iodine, and all of them recovered a euthyroid status. Most of them were still euthyroid at the end of the study. However, within 4 or even 2 months, some subjects (15% of the total) reverted to hypothyroidism. At the entry of the study these subjects were all hypothyroid and had elevated TSH and paradoxically low serum thyroglobulin (TG) values. In myxoedematous cretins living in the same area, even lower serum TG levels were found. Together with the absence of goitre, a paradoxically low serum TG suggests a low thyroid reserve, and in the present case a reduced amount of functional thyroid tissue. We show that the serum TG/TSH ratio may be used as a predictive index of thyroid reserve and of positive response to iodine administration. These data further suggest that thyroid damage is not confined to myxoedematous cretins, but is widely distributed in the phenotypically normal population. Widely distributed thyroid damage may render iodine prophylaxis based on oral administration unpredictable.
B Contempre, IRIBHN, CP 602, Free University of Brussels, Medicine Faculty, 808 route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
New approach to the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults
Authors: Ghigo Ezio , Aimaretti Gianluca , Gianotti Laura , Bellone Jaele , Arvat Emanuela , Camanni Franco 
Published: December 2008

Ghigo E, Aimaretti G, Gianotti L, Bellone J, Arvat E, Camanni F. New approach to the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:352–6. ISSN 0804–4643
Pyridostigmine (PD), a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, and arginine (ARG) clearly increase the growth hormone (GH) response to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in man. The current study was undertaken to investigate the value and safety of PD + GHRH and ARG + GHRH tests as well as the measurement of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in diagnosing GH deficiency in adults. Fifty-four patients considered GH deficient from extensive organic or idiopathic pituitary disease and 326 healthy adults were studied. The IGF-I concentrations were lower than the 3rd percentile of normal values in only 31 of the 54 (57.4%) patients with hypopituitarism. However, the IGF-I levels in hypopituitary patients and in normal subjects overlapped more frequently between 41 and 60 years (50%) and between 61 and 80 years (92.3%) as opposed to between 20 and 40 years (8.6%). In contrast to the IGF-I measurement, the ranges of peak GH responses to PD + GHRH and ARG + GHRH tests were clearly differentiated between the hypopituitary (0.2–6.8 and 0.1–9.5 μg/l, respectively) and normal subjects 17.7–114 and 16.1–119 μg/l, respectively). However, the PD + GHRH test was reliable only in subjects of 20–40 years of age. In conclusion, IGF-I measurement had no value in the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults aged over 40 years, but is reliable enough when young adults of 20–40 years of age are considered. Both PD + GHRH and ARG + GHRH testing should be considered more reliable biochemical measurements of GH deficiency. In contrast to the PD + GHRH test, the ARG + GHRH test is reliable throughout the adult lifespan and appears to be the most appropriate for patient compliance and safety.
F Camanni, Divisione di Endocrinologia, Ospedale Molinette, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
Gonadotropins and gonadotropin receptors during the perimenopause
Authors: Vihko Kimmo K , Kujansuu Erkki , Mörsky Pertti , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Punnonen Reijo 
Published: December 2008

Vihko KK, Kujansuu E, Mörsky P, Huhtaniemi I, Punnonen R. Gonadotropins and gonadotropin receptors during the perimenopause. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:357–61. ISSN 0804–4643
Twenty-two perimenopausal patients (aged 47–56 years) admitted for elective abdominal hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy were selected to understand better the clinical significance of increasing gonadotropin levels as an indicator of target organ responsiveness. Prior to anesthesia, blood was drawn from the patients for subsequent analyses of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels. Ovarian tissue was obtained during surgery and frozen at −70°C for subsequent analyses for FSH and LH receptor content. The phase of the menstrual cycle of the patients or postmenopause was determined by serum gonadotropin and E2 levels and histological evaluation of the endometrium. Patients with no detectable FSH receptors showed significantly higher serum FSH and LH levels (4.7- and 4.3-fold, respectively) when compared to patients with detectable FSH receptors; FSH receptors were present in 27% of the patients, LH receptors were present in 68% of the patients and a negative correlation was found between serum LH levels and ovarian LH receptors. In postmenopausal patients, neither FSH receptors nor LH receptors were detectable. High serum gonadotropin levels in perimenopausal patients thus suggest the existence of low or undetectable ovarian gonadotropin receptor levels.
Kimmo Vihko, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland
Earliest prevention of endemic goiter by iodine supplementation during pregnancy
Authors: Liesenkötter Klaus Peter , Göpel Wolfgang , Bogner Ulrich , Stach Barbara , Grüters Annette 
Published: December 2008

Liesenkötter KP, Göpel W, Bogner U, Stach B, Grüters A. Earliest prevention of endemic goiter by iodine supplementation during pregnancy. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:443–8. ISSN 0804–4643
During pregnancy complex changes of maternal thyroid function occur and they are influenced by the maternal iodine supply. It has been demonstrated that with decreasing iodine supply maternal goiter and hypothyroxinemia as well as fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism become more prevalent. Therefore iodine supplementation during pregnancy is now strongly recommended also in areas of moderate iodine deficiency. To monitor the success of iodine supplementation and its theoretical risk of increasing the frequency of thyroid autoantibodies, we have investigated the thyroid volume, thyroid function, urinary iodine excretion and antibodies to thyroid peroxidase at 10–12 weeks of gestation and postpartum in 38 mothers receiving 300 μg potassium iodide/day and in 70 mothers without iodine supplementation. In all of their newborns thyroid volume was determined by ultrasound. The thyrotropin (TSH) levels and antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO-ab) in the neonates were measured in dried blood spots on filter paper from their newborn screening. Urinary iodine excretion was increased significantly after iodine supplementation in mothers (p < 0.001) and their newborns (<0.05). No hypo- or hyperthyroidism was observed in the mothers or newborns. Interestingly, no difference of maternal thyroid volumes was observed between the two groups after pregnancy, but the volumes of the thyroid glands in newborns of mothers who received iodine were significantly (p < 0.004) lower (0.7 ± 0.4 ml) than in the control group (1.5 ± 1.1 ml). There was no change in the frequency of TPO-ab in either group after pregnancy. In four mothers transplacental passage of these antibodies was documented by positive measurement in the blood sample of the newborn. This study documents that iodine supplementation during pregnancy in an area of moderate iodine deficiency results in a lower size of neonatal thyroid volume and that this supplementation was not accompanied by an increase in the frequency of TPO-ab.
Klaus Peter Liesenkötter, Kinderklinik Kaiserin Auguste Victoria Haus (KAVH), Virchow-Klinikum der Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Heubnerweg 6, 14059 Berlin, Germany
Bovine granulosa cell culture for assessment of potency and specificity of antibodies to pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin
Authors: Kuran Mehmet , Broadbent Peter J , Hutchinson JS Morley 
Published: December 2008

Kuran M, Broadbent PJ, Hutchinson JSM. Bovine granulosa cell culture for assessment of potency and specificity of antibodies to pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:497–500. ISSN 0804–4643
Antibodies to pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) neutralize the effect of PMSG in vivo and increase the number of transferable embryos when administered at the optimum time relative to the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in PMSG-stimulated cows. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible use of bovine granulosa cells in a serum-free culture system as a bioassay for antibodies to PMSG. Granulosa cells (2–3 × 105 viable cells) were cultured with varying doses of PMSG and/or an anti-PMSG for 4 days. Whilst progesterone production (ng/μg DNA) of granulosa cells was stimulated by PMSG (p < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner, increasing amounts of anti-PMSG neutralized (p < 0.01) this stimulatory effect of either follicle-stimulating hormone or LH on progesterone production of bovine granulosa cells in vitro. The bovine granulosa cell culture system is a potential in vitro bioassay method for testing the specificity and the neutralizing capacity of different anti-PMSG preparations.
Mehmet Kuran, Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi, Zootekni Bolumu, 55149 Samsun, Turkey
Insulin-like growth factor I alters peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism in humans: comparison with growth hormone
Authors: Hussain Mehboob A , Schmitz Ole , Jorgensen Jens OL , Christiansen Jens S , Weeke Jorgen , Schmid Christoph , Froesch E Rudolf 
Published: December 2008

Hussain MA, Schmitz O, Jorgensen JOL, Christiansen JS, Weeke J, Schmid C, Froesch ER. Insulin-like growth factor I alters peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:563–7. ISSN 0804–4643
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is considered to mediate some of the growth-promoting and metabolic effects of growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone treatment of healthy and GH-deficient subjects is accompanied by increased conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues. Whether these effects are mediated by IGF-I is unknown. To assess the respective roles of these hormones on thyroid hormone metabolism we have treated two groups of subjects. The first group consisted of eight healthy subjects who were treated with IGF-I 10 μg·kg−1·h−1 sc for 5 days). The second group consisted of eight subjects with combined GH and thyrotropin (TSH) deficiency due to acquired pituitary disease. They were treated with IGF-I (10 μg·kg−1·h−1 sc for 7 days), GH (2 IU m−2 sc q.i.d.) or both hormones together. The IGF-I treatment in healthy subjects led to an increase in free T3 (FT3) and a reduction in TSH levels, whereas FT4 and total T4 (TT4) levels remained unchanged. In the second group—in which all subjects were substituted with oral lthyroxine—treatment with IGF-I led to an elevation of FT3 in the face of unchanged T4 levels. Growth hormone alone and GH plus IGF-I resulted in a more pronounced elevation in T3 level. The results suggest that IGF-I partially mediates the well-known effects of GH on peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. However, GH has more pronounced effects on thyroid hormones that apparently are not mediated by IGF-I.
ER Froesch, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rámistr, 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
Solubilization, reconstitution and molecular properties of the triiodothyronine transport protein from rat erythrocyte membranes
Authors: Samson Michel , Osty Jeannine , Thibout Hélène , Blondeau Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2008

Samson M, Osty J, Thibout H, Blondeau J-P. Solubilization, reconstitution and molecular properties of the triiodothyronine transport protein from rat erythrocyte membranes. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134: 660–8. ISSN 0804–4643
Triiodothyronine (T3) transport through the mammalian erythrocyte membrane is mediated by a transport system related to the aromatic amino acid transport system T. The T3-binding component of this transport system could be photolabeled with [125I]T3 as a 52-kD protein, and subsequently solubilized with non-ionic detergents. Upon purification by ion-exchange chromatography, the photolabeled 52-kD protein solubilized with octylglucoside (OG) resolved into several peaks, suggesting charge heterogeneity of labeled proteins. The saturable [125I]T3 binding to rat erythrocyte membranes was completely inhibited by non-ionic detergents at concentrations about 20 times lower than those that solubilized membrane. Therefore, detergent-free proteoliposomes were generated from the detergent-soluble extracts by treatment with a polystyrene adsorbent. Proteoliposomes prepared from OG-soluble extract contained the highest specific activity of T3 binding. The Kd of the T3 binding sites (4.5 nmol/l) and the competitive inhibition constant of tryptophan (120 μmol/l) were similar to those for native membranes. The photolabeling of the 52-kD protein in these proteoliposomes was prevented by tryptophan and T4, but not by leucine or the d-isomer of T3, corresponding to the transport specificity of system T. The 52-kD protein solubilized with OG from native membranes was partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The 52-kD protein was detected by photoaffinity labeling in the purified fraction only after addition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids to generate proteoliposomes. This indicates that the association of 52-kD protein with phospholipids is critical for T3 binding.
JP Blondeau, U96 INSERM, 80 Rue de Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
High-affinity growth hormone binding protein, insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in adults with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Roelen Corné A , Koppeschaar Hans P , de Vries Wouter R , Zelissen Pierre M , Snel Yvonne E , Doerga Manorath E , Thijssen Jos H , Blankenstein Rien A 
Published: December 2008

Roelen CA, Koppeschaar HP, de Vries WR, Zelissen PM, Snel YE, Doerga ME, Thijssen JH, Blankenstein RA. High-affinity growth hormone binding protein, insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:82–6. ISSN 0804–4643
The high-affinity growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) circulates in human blood and represents the extracellular domain of the growth hormone (GH) receptor. The effects of GH deficiency on GHBP in adults are not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum GHBP levels in adults with GH deficiency and to assess whether GHBP measurement may contribute to the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency, based on a two-step model. We measured insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and GHBP levels in serum samples of 36 patients with adult-onset GH deficiency. The GHBP levels were measured by FPLC size-exclusion chromatography; IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were measured by RIA. Serum GHBP levels were elevated above the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval in 26 patients, whereas IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were low in 10 patients and in 16 patients, respectively. The combination of low serum IGF-I and low IGFBP-3 levels was found in 10 patients. In nine patients, serum IGF-I levels were low, with elevated GHBP levels. Low serum IGF-I, low IGFBP-3 and elevated GHBP levels were found in five patients. Only four out of 36 patients had serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and GHBP levels that were within the 95% confidence interval of the control values. We conclude that adults with acquired GH deficiency have elevated GHBP levels in comparison to healthy subjects. We suggest that measurement of GHBP levels might contribute to the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency, though further research is required to study the additional value of GHBP measurements.
HPF Koppeschaar, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Utrecht, HPL00.407, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
Depression of dehydroepiandrosterone in Japanese diabetic men—comparison between non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Yamauchi Akira , Takei Izumi , Kasuga Akira , Kitamura Yuko , Ohashi Norimi , Nakano Satomi , Takayama Sumiyo , Nakamoto Shinya , Katsukawa Fuminori , Saruta Takao 
Published: December 2008

Yamauchi A, Takei I, Kasuga A, Kitamura Y, Ohashi N, Nakano S, Takayama S, Nakamoto S, Katsukawa F, Saruta T. Depression of dehydroepiandrosterone in Japanese diabetic men—comparison between non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:101–4. ISSN 0804–4643
Hyperglycemia is known to reduce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) circulating levels; however, the mechanism by which hyperglycemia decreases DHEA is not elucidated. In this study, serum DHEA and DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) levels were compared in 50 men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 50 age-matched men with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) receiving only diet therapy. Serum concentrations of DHEA and DHEA-S in the NIDDM group were significantly lower than in the IGT group (7.8 and 9.7 nmol/l vs 3.4 and 4.9 μ mol/l, respectively; p< 0.01) but there was no significant difference in immunoreactive insulin between the two groups. When the results from both groups were combined, HbA1c was significantly inversely related to DHEA (r = −0.243. p<0.01) and DHEA-S (r = −0.305, p<0.01). Immunoreactive insulin showed no correlation with DHEA and DHEA-S. Multiple regression analysis showed that HbA1c was independently negatively related to both DHEA and DHEA-S. We conclude that hyperglycemia may decrease serum DHEA and DHEA-S in Japanese men with NIDDM, but the depression of DHEA(-S) is independent of serum insulin level.
Akira Yamauchi, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine. 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan
Excretion of 2- and 3-monomethyl ethers of 2-hydroxyestrogens in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Banger Markus , Hiemke Christoph , Haupt Margitta , Knuppen Rudolf 
Published: December 2008

Banger M, Hiemke C, Haupt M, Knuppen R. Excretion of 2- and 3-monomethyl ethers of 2-hydroxyestrogens in healthy male volunteers. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:193–7. ISSN 0804–4643
The formation of catecholestrogens by 2-and 4-hydroxylation of monophenolic estrogens represents a major route of estrogen metabolism. In vitro and in vivo studies on catecholestrogens have shown that 2-hydroxylated catecholestrogens are primarily inactivated by O-methylation, while O-methylation of 4-hydroxylated estrogen is of minor importance. In the present study the in vivo production of isomeric 2- and 3-monomethyl ethers of 2-hydroxyestrogens was measured in 12 healthy omnivorous male volunteers aged 51 ± 4 years. The sum of estrone and 17β-estradiol, 2-hydroxyestrogens (sum of 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestradiol), 4-hydroxyestrogens (sum of 4-hydroxyestrone and 4-hydroxyestradiol) and the sum of the isomeric monomethyl ethers of 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestradiol were measured in 24-h urinary samples. The determinations included hydrolysis of steroid conjugates, separation by chromatographic steps and final quantification by radioimmunoassay. The specificity of the antibodies enabled differentiation between the isomeric monomethyl ethers. The mean urinary excretion rates were 8.8 ± 2.9 μg/24 h for estrone plus estradiol, 5.2 ± 2.4 μg/24 h for the 2-hydroxyestrogens and 1.3 ± 0.5 μg/24 h for the 4-hydroxyestrogens. The 2- and 3-monomethyl ethers of the 2-hydroxyestrogens were found in all individuals, with excretion rates of 5.8 ± 2.6 μg/24 h for 2-methoxyestrogens and 3.6 ± 1.1 μg/24 h for 2-hydroxyestrogen-3-methyl ethers. The findings indicated that 2-hydroxyestradiol is metabolized in vivo by 2-O-methylation and, to a lesser extent, by 3-O-methylation.
Markus Banger, Department of Psychiatry, University of Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany