bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TESTICULAR ANDROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS FOLLOWING CORTICOTROPHIN AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Schoen Edgar J. , Samuels Leo T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of in vivo administration of corticotrophin (ACTH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on rat testes were studied. HCG, administered for 14 days to young rats, led to testicular interstitial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, accompanied by stimulation of in vitro testicular androgen production, as manifested by increased 17α-hydroxylase and 17β-desmolase enzyme activities, with no clear-cut effect on 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. The findings in ACTH-treated animals were similar to those in the saline-treated controls. The lack of influence of ACTH on the testicular enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis is consonant with the concept that ACTH-dependent bilateral testicular tumours occurring in boys with congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia arise from »adrenocortical rest cells« rather than from testicular interstitial cells.
THE »EARLY-ANDROGEN« SYNDROME; EFFECTS OF PRE-NATAL TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE
Authors: Swanson H. E. , van der Werff ten Bosch J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the present study it was found that doses of 10 and 25 mg testosterone propionate (TP) given to pregnant rats could induce the early-androgen syndrome. These doses caused delayed parturition with intra-uterine death and inhibition of lactation with early post-natal death of the young; these events could be avoided by Caesarian section and foster mothers.
In other experiments TP was injected directly into the foetuses or their amniotic sacs. A dose of 20 μg into the amniotic sac was without effect on subsequent ovarian activity and, with one exception, on the external genitalia of the young. Injection of 20 or 100 μg into the foetus caused both external masculinization and anovulatory ovaries.
The apparent low sensitivity of the foetus to TP injected into the pregnant doe seems to be due to poor transmission of the steroid from the maternal into the foetal body. The foetal external genitalia appear to be more sensitive to TP than the mechanism which sets the future gonadotrophic pattern of the brain-pituitary complex.
A CLINICAL ROUTINE METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF OESTRONE AND 17α-OESTRADIOL IN HUMAN PREGNANCY URINE
Authors: Frandsen V. Aasted 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the simultaneous estimation of oestrone and 17β-oestradiol in human pregnancy urine. The method is based on sulphuric acid hydrolysis, extraction, purification and separation of the oestrone-oestradiol fraction through solvent partition. The oestrone is reduced to oestradiol and after chromatography on columns of aluminium oxide the amount is estimated using a modified Kober reaction. The method works with reasonable reliability down to excretion levels of about 50 μg/24 h. One technician can perform 9 estimations in a working-day.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION. XVII. HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DECIDUALIZATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Lobel Bertha L. , Tic Liliane , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Histological and histochemical studies on the activities of adenosinetriphosphatase and acid and alkaline phosphatases as well as connective tissue components show that the uterus of the adult rat as a whole responds to the cyclic ovarian activity. There are cyclic variations in the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases and adenosinetriphosphatase. Major changes occur in the connective and epithelial structures in the endometrium while the muscular coats show adaptive alterations. During pseudopregnancy an increase in uterine activity is observed on day 4 of pseudopregnancy (L4); this is related to the surge of oestrogen occurring from the ovary on day 3 (L3).
THE ACTION OF OESTRADIOL AND HISTAMINE ON THE SITE OF NIDATION IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Pfleiderer Albrecht 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Administration of oestradiol causes interruption of pregnancy in the rabbit, but not in man. The morphological changes after injection of oestradiol-benzoate have been investigated in 84 rabbits. Exogenous doses of oestradiol cause necroses and haemorrhages in the endometrium and even in the myometrium of the rabbit. Preceding activity of gestagen, however, is indispensable. Whereas in pseudopregnancy, doses greater than 10 μg/kg bring about a visible effect, 2 μg/kg is sufficient during pregnancy. Necroses are found in the decidua basalis, followed by a disturbance of blood circulation in the placenta. 1 μg/kg oestradiol-benzoate only destroys the decidua marginalis and the marginal parts of the placenta. Similar changes are physiological. They can also be demonstrated in the decidua of women and are probably caused by the action of endogenous oestrogens. Prevailing disturbance of the decidua basalis suggests a production of gestagen in the placenta not only in man but also in the rabbit. Morphologically corresponding transformations are also observed without the administration of oestrogens after laparotomy and particularly after injections into the aorta, as well as in relation to a generalized Shwartzman-Sanarelli-reaction. However, a disturbance of blood coagulation does not occur. Histamine alone does not seem to cause similar transformations. Antihistamines used in this way do not prevent the disturbance caused by oestradiol. The possibility that other vasoactive substances or a local effect of oestradiol can cause interruption of pregnancy is discussed.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION. XVII. HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DECIDUALIZATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Lobel Bertha L. , Tic Liliane , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Histochemical changes in the activities of acid phosphatase, considered to be characteristic of lysosomes, and of alkaline and adenosinetriphosphatase, were studied during the period of regression of deciduomata in the uterus of the pseudopregnant rat.
The activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosinetriphosphatase declined rapidly prior to and during the period of involution.
A rise in the activity of acid phosphatase began antimesometrially at the periphery of the deciduomata, before shrinkage was evident in the histological preparations. Acid phosphatase activity remained high during the period of regression and subsequently declined. Enzymatic activity was also high in the metrial gland cells, and in the macrophages which appeared in the uterus and apparently contributed to the breakdown and removal of the deciduomata.
Changes were also demonstrated in the amount of free lipids and connective tissue components of the uterus.
Great variability was noted in the appearance of uteri from animals killed at the same time intervals following stimulation during the period of regression of deciduomata and this variability was related to the time of occurrence of the first ovulation terminating the period of pseudopregnancy in deciduomata bearing rats.
METABOLISM OF OESTRONE SULPHATE BY THE PREVIABLE HUMAN FOETUS
Authors: Schwers J. , Govaerts-Videtsky Myriam , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two previable foetuses (20th week of gestation) were perfused with a combination of oestrone-6,7-3H and oestrone-16-14C sulphate. Approximately 80 per cent of the perfused radioactive material was recovered from the various foetal tissues and perfusates in both experiments. In contrast to the 3H-labelled material, very little 14C-labelled material was recovered from the various foetal tissues, except from the liver, which showed an approximately equal uptake of the two isotopes. Thirty-six per cent of the 3H- and as much as 68 per cent of the 14C-labelled material administered was recovered from the perfusate.
No 14C-labelled material was detected in any of the extracts of the foetal tissues and perfusates as unconjugated (free) material.
No oestriol or 15α-hydroxy-17β-oestradiol could be isolated from the extracts of any of the foetal tissues, except from the liver, where these compounds were present mainly, if not exclusively, as conjugated material. Approximately 10 per cent of the 3H- and 14C-labelled conjugated material recovered from the liver was isolated as oestriol and some 5 per cent of it as 15α-hydroxy-17β-oestradiol. The isotopic ratio (3H/14C) of these compounds was lower than that of oestrone and 17β-oestradiol isolated from the same fraction.
Very little, if any oestriol or 15α-hydroxy-17β-oestradiol was detected in the extracts of perfusates. On the other hand, large quantities of some ketonic precursors of oestriol, 15α-hydroxy-17β-oestradiol and of additional highly polar metabolites were present. Following reduction, oestriol was isolated and 15α-hydroxy-17β-oestradiol identified in the extracts of perfusates. The isotopie ratio of these two compounds was similar to the isotopie ratio of those found in the liver.
It is concluded that
the midterm human foetus is not capable of hydrolysing oestrogen sulphates in the foetal organism oestrone sulphate is mostly taken up by the foetal liver, where the extent of its uptake and metabolism is at least as great as that of oestrone 15α- and 16α-hydroxylation of oestrone takes place mainly, if not exclusively, in the foetal liver and predominantly in form of conjugated material the 15α- and 16α-hydroxylated conjugated metabolites formed from oestrone sulphate are released by the foetal liver into the foetoplacental circulation mainly as ketonic intermediates, rather than completely reduced compounds.
INTENSITÄT UND DAUER DER WIRKUNG VON 6α-METHYLPREDNISOLON UND SEINEN ESTERN AN DER RATTE
Authors: Vogel H. Gerhard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of 6α-methylprednisolone in the form of free alcohol, acetate and cyclopentylpropionate were studied in rats after a single subcutaneous injection of equimolar doses in oily solution. Onset and duration of action as well as maxima of effects were determined with various methods. Using the Porter-Silber-reaction for free methylprednisolone in plasma and the fluorescence reaction for corticosterone, both exogenous and endogenous corticosteroids were measured in the same plasma sample. The liver glycogen deposition test in adrenalectomized rats was used as a parameter of action on carbohydrate metabolism. The granuloma pouch assay was modified by injecting the corticosteroid to be tested one, two, three or four weeks before the injection of the croton oil. The increase in tensile strength of connective tissue, e. g. the distal epiphyseal plate of the femur of rats and the rat's tail tendon, induced by corticosteroids was also used to investigate intensity and duration of action. Of the various measurements of duration of action, the tensile strength procedures had the greatest accuracy.
The highest plasma levels of free methylprednisolone were achieved after the injection of the free alcohol. The degree of suppression of the endogenous corticosterone was almost the same after the injection of the various steroid preparations. However, the maximal effects in the liver glycogen assay, the granuloma pouch test and the tensile strength of the femur and the rat's tail tendon were achieved by the acetate and/or the cyclopentylpropionate. The effects on metabolism and on connective tissue were always delayed in comparison with the steroid plasma levels. As could be expected the duration of the effects was found to be in the following order:
short: free alcohol, intermediate: acetate, prolonged (up to three weeks): cyclopentylpropionate.
In Fortsetzung früherer Untersuchungen (Vogel 1963 a, b) soll die vorliegende Arbeit folgenden Fragestellungen dienen:
Welche Methoden sind geeignet, sowohl die Wirkungsintensität als auch die Wirkungsdauer verschiedener Ester und Zubereitungen von Glucocorticoiden im Tierexperiment zu erfassen? Wie lange kann man den Effekt eines Depotpräparates verfolgen? Welche Beziehungen bestehen zwischen dem Blutspiegel des zugeführten Corticosteroids und den Stoffwechselveränderungen bzw. den Effekten auf das Bindegewebe?
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON GLYCINE-1-14C INCORPORATION IN LIVER PROTEIN OF THE RAT
Authors: Burt Richard L. , Dannenburg Warren N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the albino rat at 18–19 days gestation glycine- 1-14C incorporation into liver protein in vitro is significantly increased above non-pregnant control levels. Although the reason for this increase is speculative, it may in part be related to elevated oestrogen levels, or on the basis of recent evidence, it could be attributable to placental lactogenic hormone.
EFFECT OF INSULIN AND INSULIN ANTIBODY UPON RAT ADIPOSE TISSUE MEMBRANE RESTING ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL (REP)
Authors: Beigelman Paul M. , Hollander Philip B. , Shube David 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro penetrations of rat epididymal adipose tissue by glass microelectrodes, containing 3 m KCl, elicit resting membrane electrical potentials (REP). Adipose tissue REP in young rats is reversibly increased by 1–1000 μU insulin/ml. Insulin antibody, diluted 1/1000–1/4800, significantly inhibits this elevation of REP by insulin.
AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR TRANSAURICULAR HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN RATS
Authors: Sato Maroto , Yoneda Sakae 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A visible perforation at the correct site, (anterior section of the tense part of the tympanic membrane) was introduced instead of the blind procedure. In young rats, the utilization of a special needle with an orifice increased the probability of complete hypophysectomies as well as a high survival rate.
NEONATAL THYROIDOLOGY: CORRELATIONS OF PBI, TBG, BONE AGE AND GROWTH
Authors: Lindegren Lillian , Starr Paul 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Umbilical cord and serial venous PBI, cholesterol, TBG, and TBPA measurements were made on 300 human infants; x-ray for bone age, height age and weight age, clinical and neurological evaluations were done at birth; at 3 months 128 mothers and babies returned for these tests; and at 6 months only 52 returned.
The results show an extreme range of PBI values in both mothers and babies; no correlation between the PBI of the baby and the mothers; no correlation between the umbilical cord PBI and TBG or TBPA, or the sum of these.
At 3 months the babies' mean PBI and range of PBI was of the same magnitude as in the cord blood but there was no correlation between the individual values at birth and 3 months.
The mean serum cholesterol in the cord blood was 90.5 mg/100 ml and 181.0 mg/100 ml at 3 months.
In two thirds of the 49 infants in whom PBI values were recorded at birth and at 3 and 6 months; the variation between the lowest and highest value was frequently two or three fold.
The distal femoral epiphyses were smaller in infants whose umbilical vein serum PBI concentration was less than 5 μg/100 ml as compared to those with higher PBI's. But, at three months of age, the serum PBI relationships were frequently reversed and the bone age appeared normal. Finally, at six months of age there was no consistent quantitative relationship between the serum PBI value, height age, and bone age. Fourteen children were suspected of hypothyroidism; two of 52 at six months of age were finally put on maintenance treatment with thyroxine.
INHIBITION OF LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SYNTHETIC β1–24 AND β1–39 CORTICOTROPHIN BY ANTI-ACTH ANTISERUM
Authors: Villanueva A. , Ashcroft S. J. H. , Felber J. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The synthetic ACTH peptides β1–39 and β1–24 stimulated lipolysis as determined by the rat epididymal fat pad in vitro. The stimulating effect of these peptides was diminished by prior incubation of the peptides with antibodies produced by the guinea-pig against ACTH. The stimulating effect of these hormones was also diminished by the double antibody system used in the radio-immunoassay of ACTH and other peptide hormones, in which incubation with antiserum is followed by precipitation of the antigen-antibody complex by rabbit anti-guinea-pig-γ-globulin.
STRUCTURE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN RHEUMATOID DISEASES, INCLUDING SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
Authors: Elias Hans , Murthy A. S. Krishna , Elias Peter M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The adrenal cortex of rheumatoid patients not treated with steroids shows a characteristic, dystrophic change consisting of swelling and lipid depletion.
The adrenals of patients treated with steroids showed an apparent improvement of the histological structure of the gland, but sharp reduction in volume.
MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE INHIBITION BY ACETYLCHOLINE AND NORADRENALINE IN THE FROG SKIN BIOASSAY
Authors: Möller Halvor , Lerner Aaron B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mechanism of aggregation induced in MSH-dispersed dermal melanocytes was studied in Rana pipiens by reflectance photometry in vitro and by microscopy in vivo. Acetylcholine inhibits MSH strongly and irreversibly in one third of all frogs tested in vitro and has almost no effect on the remaining animals. No lightening action occurs in vivo. Different skin samples from the same animal give the same response to acetylcholine. An individual response to acetylcholine implies similar responses to other cholinergics. The lightening action of acetylcholine is inhibited by atropine. Noradrenaline induces a reversible MSH-inhibition in all frogs in vitro as well as in vivo. The lightening action of noradrenaline, inhibited by sympatholytics, is ten times stronger than that of acetylcholine. The l-isomer has only twice the lightening potency as the d-isomer. Both lightening agents work if given at the maximum of MSH-dispersion or before the addition of MSH. Fundamental differences between the mechanisms of dispersion and aggregation, and between the lightening induced by acetylcholine and by noradrenaline, are emphasized.
FEHLENDER ANSTIEG DER CORTICOSTEROIDE IM PLASMA WÄHREND DER INSULINHYPOGLYKÄMIE BEIM CUSHING-SYNDROM
Authors: Bethge H. , Winkelmann W. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four patients with Cushing's syndrome associated with adrenal hyperplasia were submitted to insulin-induced liypoglycaemia. It was shown that contrary to conditions in normal subjects the Cushing-patients failed to respond to hypoglycaemia with an increase of corticosteroids in plasma. This effect was independent of the initial value of corticoid level. It is concluded that pituitary ACTH-release during hypoglycaemia in patients with Cushing's syndrome did not markedly increase. The findings are discussed under the aspects of primary hypothalamic pathogenesis of Cushing's syndrome: ACTH-secretion and plasma level are constant throughout the day and widely independent from exogenous and endogenous influences including such a stressful stimulus as hypoglycaemia.
ANTAGONISTIC ACTION OF NORETHYNODREL ON THE TESTOSTERONE-DEPENDENT PROCESS OF FRUCTOSE FORMATION IN MOUSE SEX ACCESSORY ORGANS
Authors: Thomas John A. , Knych Edward T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Norethynodrel antagonized the fructose stimulating effects of exogenous testosterone in sex accessory organs of castrate mice. It was antiandrogenic at both low doses (50 μg) and high doses (400 μg) of testosterone. Norethindrone and ethisterone suppressed fructose formation in the testosterone-treated castrate mouse, but not as effectively as norethynodrel. Norethandrolone exerted no antagonistic activity.
EIN FALL VON PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYREOIDISMUS MIT PATHOLOGISCH-ANATOMISCHEM BEFUND
Authors: Schwarz G. , Loewe K. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The first case of pseudohypoparathyroidism with postmortem examination is reported. Microscopic examination shows hyperplastic upper parathyroid glands (only one was found) and normal age involution in the two found lower glands. All the bones examinated offered signs of exagerated bone replacement in time before death. In the cortical bone of the femur many lacunae of Howship with spare giant cell osteoclasts were seen. Circumscript calcifications in the renal medulla and in the thyroid gland were observed.
'SUBCELLULAR' LOCALIZATION OF RADIOIODINE IN THE THYROID FOLLICLE OF THE RAT FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF LOW AND HIGH DOSES OF 125I
Authors: Nunez Eladio A. , Money William L. , Becker David V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The 'subcellular' localization of radioiodine was observed in the thyroid follicles of rats following the injection (i.p.) of 75 μc to 1000 μc of radioiodide (125I). Twenty-four hours after the injection of the smaller doses (75, 150 and 250 μc), the radioiodine was distributed evenly throughout the follicular lumen. Twenty-four hours after the injection of the large dose (1 mc) of radioiodide, there were two histological patterns of follicular radioiodine localization. In the majority of follicles (about 85%) the radioiodine was distributed uniformly throughout the lumen. In the other follicles (15%) the activity was not uniformly distributed but was primarily localized along the cell-colloid border. At this interface, the radioactivity was entirely localized in the colloidal region.
A possible explanation is that the follicles with an intra-colloidal ring of radioiodine are more sensitive to the early effects of radiation and could be reflecting some cellular biochemical alteration.
THE LONG-TERM EFFECT OF TRANSECTION OF THE PITUITARY STALK ON THE VOLUME OF THE PITUITARY GLAND OF THE ADULT GOAT
Authors: Adams J. Hume , Daniel Peter M. , Prichard M. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study was made of the changes in volume of the pituitary glands of adult female goats surviving for many weeks after pituitary stalk section. The mean volume of the whole gland was about one-third of that found in control goats of similar sex and age. Pars distalis shrank to one-fifth of the volume of the normal lobe. This shrinkage was due largely to contraction of the scar replacing the original massive infarct, but partly also to shrinkage of the surviving parenchymal cells. The infundibular process also showed a severe reduction in size. By contrast pars intermedia underwent a substantial hypertrophy.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF A COMBINATION OF MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE AND ETHINYLOESTRADIOL
Authors: Suchowsky G. K. , Baldratti G. , Scrascia E. , Arcari G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Combinations of medroxyprogesterone acetate (mg): ethinyloestradiol (μg) were studied in four different ratios, i. e. 2 : 75, 2.5 : 75, 5 : 75, 5 : 50. The ratios were administered up to the 200-fold dose per kg body weight and well tolerated.
The combination of the two steroids led to a potentation of the antiovulatory and gonadotrophin inhibiting activity. No side-effects were detected. The data allow of the conclusion that the ratio 2 : 75 is sufficient to inhibit the central control mechanism and thus ovulation.
TECHNIQUE FOR SEPARATION AND ESTIMATION OF ANDROSTERONE, AETIOCHOLANOLONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE BY USE OF THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Sulimovici S. , Lunenfeld B. , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the quantitative estimation of urinary androsterone, aetiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone which employs enzymatic hydrolysis for glucuronide conjugates, solvolysis for sulphate esters, ascending thin-layer chromatography, elution and spectrophotometric quantitation of the eluted steroids as Zimmermann chromogens. The reliability of the method was established by recovery experiments and by duplicate assays. Its specificity was confirmed by u. v. and i. r. spectral analysis of the urinary components eluted from the thin-layer chromatograms and by gas-liquid chromatography of these components and their trimethyl-silyl derivatives.
Since the method is relatively rapid and requires small samples of urine it has the advantage of being suitable for large-scale clinical determinations.