bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Oxidation of Glycerol in an Enzymatic Biofuel Cell
Authors: Arechederra R. L. , Minteer S. D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGlycerol has drawn increasing attention as a prospective fuel because it has many desirable qualities and is abundant due to the fact that it is a by‐product of biodiesel production. Qualities such as nontoxicity, extremely low vapour pressure, low flammability and high energy density make glycerol very appealing as an energy source. Previous research has shown that partial oxidation of glycerol can occur at enzymatic bioanodes of biofuel cells utilising PQQ‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (PQQ‐ADH) and PQQ‐dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase (PQQ‐AldDH). In this paper, we describe the use of glycerol for a fuel in an enzymatic biofuel cell that utilizes a three‐enzyme cascade on the anode that can accomplish the complete oxidation of glycerol. The bioanode that was developed contained PQQ‐ADH, PQQ‐AldDH and oxalate oxidase immobilised within a tetrabutylammonium‐modified Nafion membrane. Our previous research has shown that glycerol is an effective fuel with the PQQ‐ADH and PQQ‐AldDH but still was unable to be fully oxidised. With the addition of oxalate oxidase, these glycerol/air biofuel cells have yielded power densities of up to 1.32 mW cm–2, and have the ability to operate at high fuel concentrations. The oxidation products were confirmed with 13C NMR and comprised mainly 13C‐labelled carbonate and glycerate.
Integrated genomic and transcriptional profiling identifies chromosomal loci with altered gene expression in cervical cancer
Authors: Wilting Saskia M. , de Wilde Jillian , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Berkhof Johannes , Yi Yajun , van Wieringen Wessel N. , Braakhuis Boudewijn J. M. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Ylstra Bauke , Snijders Peter J. F. , Steenbergen Renske D. M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFor a better understanding of the consequences of recurrent chromosomal alterations in cervical carcinomas, we integrated genome‐wide chromosomal and transcriptional profiles of 10 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 5 adenocarcinomas (AdCAs) and 6 normal controls. Previous genomic profiling showed that gains at chromosome arms 1q, 3q, and 20q as well as losses at 8q, 10q, 11q, and 13q were common in cervical carcinomas. Altered regions spanned multiple megabases, and the extent to which expression of genes located there is affected remains unclear. Expression analysis of these previously chromosomally profiled carcinomas yielded 83 genes with significantly differential expression between carcinomas and normal epithelium. Application of differential gene locus mapping (DIGMAP) analysis and the array CGH expression integration tool (ACE‐it) identified hotspots within large chromosomal alterations in which gene expression was altered as well. Chromosomal gains of the long arms of chromosome 1, 3, and 20 resulted in increased expression of genes located at 1q32.1‐32.2, 3q13.32‐23, 3q26.32‐27.3, and 20q11.21‐13.33, whereas a chromosomal loss of 11q22.3‐25 was related to decreased expression of genes located in this region. Overexpression of DTX3L, PIK3R4, ATP2C1, and SLC25A36, all located at 3q21.1‐23 and identified by DIGMAP, ACE‐it or both, was confirmed in an independent validation sample set consisting of 12 SCCs and 13 normal ectocervical samples. In conclusion, integrated chromosomal and transcriptional profiling identified chromosomal hotspots at 1q, 3q, 11q, and 20q with altered gene expression within large commonly altered chromosomal regions in cervical cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CPEB1 regulates β‐catenin mRNA translation and cell migration in astrocytes
Authors: Jones Kendrick J. , Korb Erica , Kundel Mitchell A. , Kochanek Ashley R. , Kabraji Sheheryar , Mcevoy Michael , Shin Chan Y. , Wells David G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA crucial step in directed cell migration is the recruitment of cytoskeletal regulatory and signaling proteins to the leading edge of the cell. One protein localized to the leading edge of a migrating astrocyte is β‐catenin. Using an in vitro wound‐healing assay, we show that the localization of β‐catenin to the leading edge is dependent upon new protein synthesis at the time of wounding. We examined the mRNA encoding β‐catenin for potential regulatory elements and identified a conserved cytoplasmic polyadenylation element in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR). We now show that the CPE‐binding protein (CPEB1) is expressed in astrocytes and that translation of β‐catenin mRNA is regulated by CPEB1. Further, expression of a mutant CPEB1 protein in astrocytes not only blocks β‐catenin protein localization, it also inhibits cell migration. These findings demonstrate a role for CPEB1‐mediated protein synthesis in the localization of β‐catenin protein to the leading edge of migrating astrocytes and in regulating directed cell motility. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new in vitro model of the glial scar inhibits axon growth
Authors: Wanner Ina B. , Deik Andres , Torres Miguel , Rosendahl Andrew , Neary Joseph T. , Lemmon Vance P. , Bixby John L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAstrocytes respond to central nervous system (CNS) injury with reactive astrogliosis and participate in the formation of the glial scar, an inhibitory barrier for axonal regeneration. Little is known about the injury‐induced mechanisms underlying astrocyte reactivity and subsequent development of an axon‐inhibitory scar. We combined two key aspects of CNS injury, mechanical trauma and co‐culture with meningeal cells, to produce an in vitro model of the scar from cultures of highly differentiated astrocytes. Our model displayed widespread morphological signs of astrocyte reactivity, increases in expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and accumulation of GFAP in astrocytic processes. Expression levels of scar‐associated markers, phosphacan, neurocan, and tenascins, were also increased. Importantly, neurite growth from various CNS neuronal populations was significantly reduced when neurons were seeded on the scar‐like cultures, compared with growth on cultures of mature astrocytes. Quantification of neurite growth parameters on the scar model demonstrated significant reductions in neuronal adhesion and neurite lengths. Interestingly, neurite outgrowth of postnatal neurons was reduced to a greater extent than that of embryonic neurons, and outgrowth inhibition varied among neuronal populations. Scar‐like reactive sites and neurite‐inhibitory patches were found throughout these cultures, creating a patchwork of growth‐inhibitory areas mimicking a CNS injury site. Thus, our model showed relevant aspects of scar formation and produced widespread inhibition of axonal regeneration; it should be useful both for examining mechanisms underlying scar formation and to assess various treatments for their potential to improve regeneration after CNS injury. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down‐regulation of neurocan expression in reactive astrocytes promotes axonal regeneration and facilitates the neurorestorative effects of bone marrow stromal cells in the ischemic rat brain
Authors: Shen Li Hong , Li Yi , Gao Qi , Savant‐Bhonsale Smita , Chopp Michael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe glial scar, a primarily astrocytic structure bordering the infarct tissue inhibits axonal regeneration after stroke. Neurocan, an axonal extension inhibitory molecule, is up‐regulated in the scar region after stroke. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) reduce the thickness of glial scar wall and facilitate axonal remodeling in the ischemic boundary zone. To further clarify the role of BMSCs in axonal regeneration and its underlying mechanism, the current study focused on the effect of BMSCs on neurocan expression in the ischemic brain. Thirty‐one adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by an injection of 3 × 106 rat BMSCs (n = 16) or phosphate‐buffered saline (n = 15) into the tail vein 24 h later. Animals were sacrificed at 8 days after stroke. Immunostaining analysis showed that reactive astrocytes were the primary source of neurocan, and BMSC‐treated animals had significantly lower neurocan and higher growth associated protein 43 expression in the penumbral region compared with control rats, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis of the brain tissue. To further investigate the effects of BMSCs on astrocyte neurocan expression, single reactive astrocytes were collected from the ischemic boundary zone using laser capture microdissection. Neurocan gene expression was significantly down‐regulated in rats receiving BMSC transplantation (n = 4/group). Primary cultured astrocytes showed similar alterations; BMSC coculture during reoxygenation abolished the up‐regulation of neurocan gene in astrocytes undergoing oxygen‐glucose deprivation (n = 3/group). Our data suggest that BMSCs promote axonal regeneration by reducing neurocan expression in peri‐infarct astrocytes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The neuropsychological profile in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Oda Haruhiko , Yamamoto Yasuji , Maeda Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the exact nature of the cognitive profile of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) on standardized neuropsychological tests including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale––Revised (WAIS‐R) and the Wechsler Memory Scale––Revised (WMS‐R).DesignWe examined the WAIS‐R and the WMS‐R of 26 patients with probable DLB (based on the Consensus Criteria for the clinical diagnosis of DLB) and of 78 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (based on criteria of the National Institute for Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke‐Alzheimer's disease and Related Disorders Association) who were matched to the patients with DLB 3:1 by Mini‐Mental State Examination score.ResultsThe DLB group scored significantly lower on the Block Design, Object Assembly and Digit Symbol of WAIS‐R and significantly higher on the Logical Memory I, Verbal Paired Associates I, Logical Memory II, Visual Paired Associates II, Verbal Paired Associates II and Visual Reproduction II of WMS‐R (p < 0.0016 to p < 0.0001). In a comparison between the DLB group and the AD group, a logistic regression analysis revealed that the weighted sum score of the Object Assembly and the Logical Memory II may differentiate DLB from AD with a sensitivity of 0.81 [95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = 0.66–0.96] and a specificity of 0.76 (95% CI = 0.66–0.85).ConclusionsThe WAIS‐R and the WMS‐R can help to differentiate DLB from AD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of APOE status on cognitive maintenance in healthy elderly persons
Authors: Zehnder Antoinette E. , Bläsi Stefan , Berres Manfred , Monsch Andreas U. , Stähelin Hannes B. , Spiegel René 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe ε4 allele, a variant of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, is the most prominent genetic risk factor for sporadic, non‐familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently known. We investigated the impact of the ApoE‐ε4 status on cognitive performance at repeated test administration in elderly non‐symptomatic persons, with a specific focus on practice effects.MethodsThree hundred and fifty‐five physically and mentally healthy participants of the Basel Study on the Elderly (119 F, 236 M; age 68.3 ± 7.6; years of education 12.7 ± 3.1; Mini‐Mental State scores 29.0 ± 1.0) were grouped into ApoE ε4 carriers and ApoE ε4 non‐carriers (36.9% and 63.1% of the sample, respectively). Participants were assessed at the beginning of the longitudinal study and on average two years later by means of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease—Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD‐NAB), a multidimensional cognitive test battery. Baseline and change scores were analyzed with multiple regression procedures and adjusted for age, education and gender; change scores were also adjusted for baseline performance.ResultsThe ApoE ε4 non‐carriers showed slightly better performance with regard to most cognitive parameters at baseline. Mean practice effects of the ApoE ε4 non‐carriers in 12 out of 13 CVLT variables and in five out of the nine main CERAD‐NAB variables were above the 50th percentile, while those of the ApoE ε4 carriers were below the 50th percentile in the respective distributions of test–retest change scores.ConclusionsThe ε4 allele of the ApoE gene has a negative impact on cognitive performance, notably on episodic memory functions, in physically and mentally healthy aged persons. Practice effects seen in carriers of the ApoE ε4 were inferior in most areas tested to the effects seen in ApoE ε4 non‐carriers. Further follow‐up of these subjects will help to determine the clinical significance of these findings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lithiated alkylidenebis(phosphonates): Reactive phosphorus intermediates in the synthesis of 3‐amino‐1‐alkenylphosphonates
Authors: Grison Claude , Olszewski Tomasz Krzysztof 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn efficient and stereoselective‐synthesis of 3‐amino‐1‐alkenylphosphonates by a direct procedure involving alkylidene diphosphorylation of nucleophiles followed by a Horner‐‐Emmons olefination of aminoaldehydes is reported. The versatility of the method is illustrated by the preparation of P‐monoglycosyl‐, P‐diglycosyl 3‐aminoalkenyl‐, and alkylphosphonates. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:461–469, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20450
Bis(trifluoroacetyl)phenols and their derivatives in reactions with selected phosphorus(III) compounds
Authors: Sevenard Dmitri V. , Schoth Ralf‐Matthias , Kazakova Olesya , Lork Enno , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe reactivity of bis(trifluoroacetyl)‐phenols toward selected λ3P derivatives was examined. In the case of dialkyl(isocyanato)phosphites, only one of both present trifluoracetyl moieties of substrate was involved. After addition of the phenolic OH moiety across the intermediary formed PN bond, tri‐, tetra‐, and pentacyclic α‐(trifluoromethyl)phosphoranes were produced in a highly diastereoselective reaction. An unusual deoxygenation of the intermediary hydroxyphosphorane was observed reacting 4‐methyl‐2,6‐bis‐(trifluoroacetyl)phenol with diethyl(trimethylsilyl)‐phosphite, and the subsequent hydrolysis gave γ‐hydroxy‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)phoshonate. On the contrary, during the reaction of the O‐silylated phenol with tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite, a bis‐phosphonate was obtained that underwent heterocyclization to phosphono phosphole system. The mechanistic aspects of the studied reactions, as well as structural features of the synthesized compounds are discussed, based on the multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray single crystal investigation data. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:474–482, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20451
Synthesis of symmetric and dissymetric bisperfluoroalkanesulfonylimides and evaluation of their inhibition on bovine carbonic anhydrase
Authors: Benfodda Zohra , Guillen Franck , Blancou Hubert 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study describes a synthesis of symmetric and dissymmetric bis[(perfluoroalkane)‐sulfonyl]imides by the reaction of the sodium salt of perfluoroalkanesulfonamide RFSO2NH−Na+ (RF = C4F9, C6F13, C8F17) with hexamethyldisilazane and perfluoroalkanesulfonylfluoride RFSO2F (RF = C4F9, C6F13, C8F17). They are obtained, in two steps, in moderate overall yield. Moreover, this paper provides a study of their inhibition on bovine carbonic anhydrase. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:542–548, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20452
Organtin complexes of 2,5‐dithiobiurea (H2dtbu): The crystal structures of (Ph3Sn)2(dtbu) and [(n‐Bu)2SnCl]2(dtbu)
Authors: Zhang Rufen , Guo Zhifo , Ma Chunlin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA series of organotin(IV) complexes of two types, [R3Sn]2(dtbu) (R = PhCH2 1, Ph 2, n‐Bu 3, H2dtbu = 2,5‐dithiobiurea), [R2SnCl]2(dtbu) (R = PhCH2 4, Ph 5, n‐Bu 6) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR (1H, 119Sn) spectroscopy. The structures of 2 and 6 have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. Crystal structures show that both complexes 2 and 6 are the symmetric dinuclear unit. Interestingly, supramolecular structures show that complex 2 has formed a linear chain through NH⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bonding and 6 has formed a two‐dimensional network in perfect bc plane connected through NH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonding and nonbonded S⋅⋅⋅S interactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:435–442, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20456
Synthesis of organophosphorus derivatives of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Milaeva Elena R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractConvenient procedures for the synthesis of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol (ionol) mono‐, di‐, and triphosphorus derivatives, starting from the readily accessible 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, are proposed, and some properties of the obtained compounds are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:490–494, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20458
Synthesis and crystal structure of some phosphite, thiophosphite, and amidophosphite copper(I) halide complexes
Authors: Kursheva Lidiya I. , Kataeva Olga N. , Krivolapov Dmitry B. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Batyeva Elvira S. , Sinyashin Oleg G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSome Cu(I) halides complexes based on P(III) acid esters,{[(RE)3PCuBr] (where E = O, N, S); R = n‐Pr, i‐Pr, Et2N} were obtained and characterized using IR, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The comparative structural characteristics of complexes with various donor atoms (E = O, N, S) are analyzed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:483–489, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20459
Dianion cyclization strategy for the synthesis of macrosilaheterocycles
Authors: Singh Maya S. , Singh Pratibha 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA practical and efficient method for the preparation of silaheterocycles is described. The key step involves the initial formation of symmetrical chiral ditopic ligand, N,N′‐1,2‐cyclohexylenebis(salicylideneimine) followed by sequential deprotonation with NaH to form dianion intermediate, which reacts with diorganodichlorosilanes to furnish dibenzodioxadiazasilamacrocycles. The products were characterized by satisfactory elemental analyses and spectral (IR, 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR, and Mass) studies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:455–460, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20460
Synthesis of phosphorus‐substituted dialkylamides of organophosphorus acids, containing P–C–N–P moiety
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Petrosyan Valery S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractReactions of N‐(trimethylsilyl)amino‐methylphosphonates with organophosphorus acid chlorides were studied, which allowed to develop convenient synthetic approaches to novel phosphorus‐substituted dialkylamides of organophosphorus acids, including a P–C–N–P moiety. Certain properties of the resulting compounds are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:495–499, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20468
Synthesis of 2‐element(Si, Ge, P, Fc)‐substituted O,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl) alkylphosphonites and their functionalized derivatives
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Petrosyan Valery S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAddition of bis(trimethylsiloxy)phosphine to element(Si, Ge, P, Fc)‐substituted alkenes is proposed as convenient procedures for the synthesis of new 2‐element(Si, Ge, P, Fc)‐substituted alkylphosphonites. Also the new functionalized derivatives of these phosphonites including various amino and amido groups as well as certain properties of these compounds are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:500–505, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20469
The valuation of prenatal life in economic evaluations of perinatal interventions
Authors: Simon Judit , Petrou Stavros , Gray Alastair 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPerinatal interventions delivered during the prenatal period have the potential to directly impact prenatal life. The decision on when to begin ‘counting’ the life of an infant in the calculus has received little attention in previous economic evaluations of perinatal interventions. We illustrate, using data from a recent trial‐based economic evaluation of magnesium sulphate given to women with pre‐eclampsia to prevent eclampsia, how different definitions of when human life commences can have a significant impact upon cost‐effectiveness estimates based on composite outcome measures such as life years or quality‐adjusted life years gained or disability‐adjusted life years averted. Further, we suggest ways in which methods in this area can be improved. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specialization and competition in dental health services
Authors: Grytten Jostein , Skau Irene 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe number of specialists within dental health services has increased over the last few years. This raises the issue of how the services should be organized and funded. We describe the effect of one way of organizing the services, which is by relying on competition. In Norway, some oral specialists face real competition with general dental practitioners for the same patients (prosthetists, periodontists and endodontists), while other specialists do not (orthodontists and oral surgeons). The latter specialists have skills that give them exclusive possibilities to practice their profession. We find that competition can be effective for the specialists who experience real competition with general dental practitioners for patients. In situations where real competition does not exist, specialists can obtain market power and raise their fees. Our results are based on an analysis of a representative set of data from general dental practitioners and specialists in Norway. The specialities in which practitioners can exercise market power raise challenges related to the type of public policy that can reduce this market power in an appropriate way, and without involving too large costs for the authorities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.