bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Involvement of Palladium Nanoparticles in the Heck and Suzuki Reactions
Authors: Tsvelikhovsky Dmitry , Popov Inna , Gutkin Vitaly , Rozin Alina , Shvartsman Azariya , Blum Jochanan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe describe two different pathways by which palladium‐catalyzed Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions take place. When sol–gel entrapped palladium acetate was used as a catalyst, the reactions proceed by the formation of metallic nanoparticles. Such particles were already formed during the immobilization of the palladium salt. Upon application of palladium derivatives of proline, tyrosine, or alanine, either in their homogeneous or in their sol–gel entrapped version, no Pd0 particles could be detected, even when the couplings were carried out in boiling mesitylene (161 °C) or during prolonged reaction periods (48 h). The reactions in the presence of the amino acid derivatives proceeded at a higher rate than those by the entrapped palladium acetate. The existence of palladium nanoparticles was investigated with the aid of high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, as well as by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Effect of elevated temperatures and cooling regimes on normal strength concrete
Authors: Bingöl A. Ferhat , Gül Rüstem 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe compressive strength of normal strength concrete at elevated temperatures up to 700∘C and the effect of cooling regimes were investigated and compared in this study. Thus, two different mixture groups with initial strengths of 20 and 35 MPa were produced by using river sand, normal aggregate and portland cement. Thirteen different temperature values were chosen from 50 to 700∘C. The specimens were heated for 3 h at each temperature. After heating, concretes were cooled to room temperature either in water rapidly or in laboratory conditions gradually. The residual strengths were determined by an axial compressive strength test. Strength and unit weight losses were compared with the initial values. Throughout this study, ASTM and Turkish Standards were used. It was observed that concrete properties deteriorated with the heat; however, a small increase in strength was observed from 50 to 100∘C. Strength loss was more significant on the specimens rapidly cooled in water. Both concrete mixtures lost a significant part of their initial strength when the temperature reached 700∘C. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of diagnostic upper node evaluation during (salvage) laryngectomy for supraglottic carcinoma
Authors: Pennings Ronald J. E. , Marres Henri A. M. , den Heeten Annemarie , van den Hoogen Frank J. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground.The effectiveness of selective upper node dissection or inspection during laryngectomy for supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated. These diagnostic procedures aimed to cause less morbidity than elective neck dissection in patients with a clinically N0 neck.Methods.In 93 patients, 166 clinically N0 necks (73 bilateral and 20 contralateral) were evaluated. Lymph nodes at levels II and III were inspected or dissected and directly sent in for frozen section histopathology. This way, occult neck metastases were identified and treated by neck dissection.Results.Occult neck metastases were identified in 19% of the examined necks (31/166). Regional recurrence rate in the postoperative N0 necks was 0%, and 10% in the postoperative N+ necks.Conclusions.Selective upper node dissection and inspection during laryngectomy reduced the need for an elective neck dissection with its morbidity in the clinically N0 neck. In addition, it selects the patients who need such extensive treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009.
Phosphorus in groundwater—an overlooked contributor to eutrophication?
Authors: Holman I. P. , Whelan M. J. , Howden N. J. K. , Bellamy P. H. , Willby N. J. , Rivas‐Casado M. , McConvey P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the first international assessment of phosphorus concentrations in groundwater, using data from the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. Phosphorus is considered to be the main limiting nutrient in most freshwater ecosystems. Controlling phosphorus inputs is thus considered the key to reducing eutrophication and managing ecological quality. Very little attention has been paid to evaluating transfers via groundwater due to the long‐held belief that adsorption and metal complex formation retain the majority of potentially mobile phosphorus. In each country, ecologically‐important phosphorus thresholds are exceeded in a significant number of groundwater samples. The relative contributions of potential sources for these elevated concentrations are currently unclear but there is evidence to suggest that they are at least partly anthropogenic. The results suggest that groundwater P concentrations are such that they may be a more important contributor to surface water phosphorus than previously thought. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Core mutations in patients with acute episodes of chronic HBV infection are associated with the emergence of new immune recognition sites and the development of high IgM anti‐HBc index values
Authors: Alexopoulou Alexandra , Baltayiannis Gerassimos , Eroglu Cafer , Nastos Theodoros , Dourakis Spyros P. , Archimandritis Athanasios J. , Karayiannis Peter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAcute exacerbations in HBeAg negative patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are invariably associated with concurrent increases in the index of IgM class antibodies against the core protein (anti‐HBc) of the virus. This study aimed to investigate whether this was related to the clearance of variants from the quasispecies pool and the appearance of new ones, with aminoacid substitutions in well recognized B‐cell epitopes. In this study, 5 HBeAg negative patients (A to E) with 13 sequential serum samples (A1‐A2, B1‐B2‐B3, C1‐C2, D1‐D2‐D3, E1‐E2‐E3) were investigated after amplification of the entire core encoding region followed by cloning/sequencing studies. The sequences at different time points were compared with those from a single HBeAg positive patient with no apparent acute exacerbations. The results from sequence comparison showed that virus variants emerged in all (A2, B3, C2, D3, E2, and E3) but two (B2 and D2) subsequent sera with amino‐acid substitutions affecting B‐cell epitopes. It is concluded that the rise in the values of IgM anti‐HBc may be attributed to the alteration of the antigenic epitopes leading to new antibody production in the majority of the cases. However, it appears that increases in IgM anti‐HBc indexes in a few cases may relate to other possible mechanisms which are discussed. J. Med. Virol. 81:34–41, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between serum hepatitis B virus core‐related antigen and intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Suzuki Fumitaka , Miyakoshi Hideo , Kobayashi Mariko , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNucleos(t)ide analogues are utilized for the treatment of chronic HBV infection, and HBe seroconversion and HBV DNA levels are commonly used as markers of viral status and as primary treatment endpoints. Recently, a new assay was prepared for the detection of serum HBV core‐related antigen (HBcrAg), consisting of HBcAg, HBeAg, and p22cr, which is a precore protein from amino acid −28 to at least amino acid 150, by coding the precore/core region. In this study, we examined the correlation between serum HBcrAg concentration and viral status by the analysis of serum HBeAg, HBsAg, peripheral HBV DNA, and intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in 57 chronic hepatitis B patients. Intrahepatic cccDNA was detected in all 57 patients, 42 patients were HBcrAg‐positive, and serum HBcrAg concentration level was closely correlated with cccDNA. Additionally, positive HBcrAg concentration level results were observed in 6 out of 13 HBsAg seroclearance patients and 20 out of 31 HBV DNA‐negative patients. Moreover, the correlation between HBcrAg and cccDNA in these 31 HBV DNA‐negative patients was statistically significant (r = 0.482, P = 0.006). These data suggest that serum HBcrAg concentration is well correlated with intrahepatic cccDNA level, and that the measurement of serum HBcrAg may be clinically useful for monitoring intrahepatic HBV viral status, especially in patients under treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues. J. Med. Virol. 81:27–33, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the VP6 gene of human and porcine group A rotavirus strains with unusual subgroup specificities
Authors: Thongprachum Aksara , Khamrin Pattara , Saekhow Prayuth , Pantip Chansom , Peerakome Supatra , Ushijima Hiroshi , Maneekarn Niwat 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFull‐length VP6 amino acid sequences of human and porcine rotaviruses with subgroup (SG) (I + II) and SG non‐(I + II) were analyzed in comparison with those of SG I and SG II. In human rotaviruses, the strains in the same SG shared a very high degree of amino acid identity, ranging from 97.4% to 99.4% for SG I, 95.9% to 100% for SG II, and 99.4% to100% for SG non‐(I + II), while viruses in different SGs shared somewhat lower sequence identity at 90.4–93.1%. Conserved amino acids that distinguished the strains of SG I from SG II were observed at 21 positions. The viruses with SG non‐(I + II) shared sequence identity with SG II as high as 97.2–99.7%, suggesting that they belonged to genogroup II. Similarly, porcine rotaviruses in the same SG shared 96.4–99.7% for SG I, 98.2–100% for SG II, 97.4–100% for SG (I + II), and 96.2–99.7% for SG non‐(I + II), while strains in different SGs shared sequence identity ranging from 91.9% to 94.4%. Interestingly, the strains with SG (I + II) and SG non‐(I + II) shared a high degree of sequence identity with SG I, at 96.4–100% and 94.7–99.7% respectively, suggesting that they are related to porcine SG I strains. The conserved amino acids which distinguished SG I from SG II were observed at 13 positions. The strains with SG I, SG (I + II), and SG non‐(I + II) showed identical amino acid residues at these positions. Phylogenetic analysis strongly supported the findings of the sequence analysis. J. Med. Virol. 81:183–191, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of viral and atypical bacterial pathogens in children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in Hong Kong by multiplex PCR assays
Authors: Sung R.Y.T. , Chan Paul K.S. , Tsen Tracy , Li A.M. , Lam W.Y. , Yeung Apple C.M. , Nelson E.A.S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAcute respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of hospital admission of children. This study used a broad capture, rapid and sensitive method (multiplex PCR assay) to detect 20 different respiratory pathogens including influenza A subtypes H1, H3, and H5; influenza B; parainfluenza types 1, 2, 3, and 4; respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) groups A and B; adenoviruses; human rhinoviruses; enteroviruses; human metapneumoviruses; human coronaviruses OC43, 229E, and SARS‐CoV; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Legionella pneumophila; and Mycoplasma pneumoniae; from respiratory specimens of 475 children hospitalized over a 12‐month period for acute respiratory tract infections. The overall positive rate (47%) was about twice higher than previous reports based on conventional methods. Influenza A, parainfluenza and RSV accounted for 51%, and non‐cultivable viruses accounted for 30% of positive cases. Influenza A peaked at March and June. Influenza B was detected in January, February, and April. Parainfluenza was prevalent throughout the year except from April to June. Most RSV infections were found between February and September. Adenovirus had multiple peaks, whereas rhinovirus and coronavirus OC43 were detected mainly in winter and early spring. RSV infection was associated with bronchiolitis, and parainfluenza was associated with croup; otherwise the clinical manifestations were largely nonspecific. In general, children infected with influenza A, adenovirus and mixed viruses had higher temperatures. In view of the increasing concern about unexpected outbreaks of severe viral infections, a rapid multiplex PCR assay is a valuable tool to enhance the management of hospitalized patients, and for the surveillance for viral infections circulating in the community. J. Med. Virol. 81:153–159, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐level plasma HIVs in patients on prolonged suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy are produced mostly by cells other than CD4 T‐cells
Authors: Sahu Gautam K. , Paar David , Frost Simon D.W. , Smith Melissa M. , Weaver Scott , Cloyd Miles W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe cellular source(s) and the clinical significance of persistent low‐level viremia, below 50 HIV RNA copies per ml of plasma, achieved in many patients with high adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remain unclear. Also, it is not clear if residual plasma HIVs during HAART can become predominant populations in the rebounding plasma viral loads after therapy interruption. Since, different HIV quasispecies tend to compartmentalize in various cell types and tissue locations in patients during chronic infection, the phylogenetic relationships between HIV sequences amplified from residual plasma viruses and CD4 T cells of five patients on long‐term suppressive therapy were examined. Three of these patients stopped therapy voluntarily for 3 weeks, but only one of them demonstrated viral load rebound in plasma. In phylogenetic analyses, the residual plasma viruses were found to be distinct genetically from the majority of CD4 T cell‐associated virus populations in four of five patients. The compartmental analyses revealed that in all patients, plasma‐ and CD4 T cell‐derived viral sequences were compartmentalized separately. Interestingly, the plasma sequences obtained before and after HAART‐off in two patients were produced apparently from the same compartment, which was different from the circulating CD4 T cell‐compartment. These results suggest the possibility that residual plasma viruses in patients on long‐term suppressive HAART may be produced persistently from a cellular source yet to be identified, and are capable of spreading quickly in vivo, accounting for the rapid rebound of viral loads in plasma after therapy interruption. J. Med. Virol. 81:9–15, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retracted: Immunotherapy of HIV‐infected patients with Gc protein‐derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF)
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuto , Ushijima Naofumi , Koga Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe above article, published online on 21 Nov 2008 Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between Dr. Ari Zuckerman, Editor‐in‐Chief, Journal of Medical Virology and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. due to irregularities in the documentation for institutional review board approval.
Cytokine responses in a severe case of glandular fever treated successfully with foscarnet combined with prednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Ma Christine , Wong Chun K. , Wong Bonnie C.K. , Chan K.C. Allen , Lun Samantha W.M. , Lee Nelson , Wu Justin , Cockram Clive S. , Chan Paul K.S. , Tang Julian W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractViral loads and cytokine responses Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) were measured in an 18‐year‐old boy with severe glandular fever complicated by a mild anaemia, severe thrombocytopaenia and neutropaenia. Hepatosplenomegaly was detected by abdominal ultrasound in the presence of significant hepatitis. Cytokine testing demonstrated elevated cell‐mediated Th1 (IFN‐γ, IL‐12, sTNFR1, CXCL10, CXCL9 and CCL3) and humoral Th2 (IL‐4) immune responses. Serum antibodies to EBV virus capsid antigen (VCA) IgM and IgG antibodies were detected, together with a raised EBV DNA level (up to about 70,000 DNA copies/mL) in the acute phase of the illness. This EBV DNA load decreased rapidly in response to treatment with a combination of foscarnet, intravenous immunoglobulin and prednisolone, and the boy's symptoms settled eventually after approximately 50 days of illness, following this combined antiviral and immune‐modulating therapy. Detailed immunological, virological, haematological and biochemical laboratory parameters are presented to document this patient's severe EBV disease and eventual recovery. J. Med. Virol. 81:99–105, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of human orthopoxvirus infections and differentiation of smallpox virus with real‐time PCR
Authors: Putkuri Niina , Piiparinen Heli , Vaheri Antti , Vapalahti Olli 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe developed a real‐time PCR protocol to detect orthopoxviruses (OPVs) from different clinical specimens and to separate variola virus from other OPVs. In our protocol, we used automated nucleic acid extraction system together with real‐time PCR to create a simple, safe and fast procedure to obtain an initial result. The sensitivity was better by using designed hybridization probes as compared to SYBR green I for detection. The detection limit ranged from 13 to 1,300 copies per 20 µl reaction volume depending on the sample type. The PCR detected all OPVs pathogenic to human (variola, cowpox, monkeypox, vaccinia) as well as camelpox and ectromelia viruses. Amplification of variola virus sequences could be distinguished from other OPVs by melting curve analysis. We also demonstrated the applicability of the assay in human cases of cowpox and vaccinia virus infections. J. Med. Virol. 81:146–152, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interplay of hormones and p53 in modulating gender dimorphism of subventricular zone cell number
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Casaccia‐Bonnefil Patrizia 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested the existence of a gender bias in repair after demyelination. Here we report the existence of gender dimorphism for the regulation of cell number in the subventricular zone (SVZ), an area that has been studied for its repair potential. The number of Sox2+ multipotential cells in the SVZ of young adult female mice was greater than in age‐matched male siblings, but this difference was not evident prior to the surge of sex hormones (i.e., in prepubertal mice). To begin asking whether hormonally derived signals were responsible for these gender‐related differences, we analyzed proliferation and survival of cultured male‐ and female‐derived SVZ cells. Estrogen, but not testosterone treatment increased cell proliferation and survival of cultured cells after IFN‐γ treatment or after UV irradiation, regardless of the gender of origin. Because apoptosis in UV‐irradiated SVZ cells correlated with the expression of the proapoptotic molecule p53, we postulated that this molecule could be responsible for the gender dimorphism in the SVZ. In agreement with this prediction, no difference in the SVZ cell number was detected in male and female p53 null mice. Together with previous reports, these results implicate p53 as an important component of the mechanism regulating gender dimorphism in the SVZ. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of hippocampal neuronal loss and axon reorganization of the dentate gyrus in the mouse pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Si , Khanna Sanjay , Tang Feng Ru 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe patterns of hippocampal neuronal loss and rewiring of the dentate gyrus (DG) were studied in the mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy at 2 months after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (PISE). NeuN immunocytochemistry showed two patterns of neuronal damage, i.e., type 1 with partial loss of pyramidal neurons in CA3 area and type 2 with almost compete loss of CA3 pyramidal neurons. Anterograde tracing with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) demonstrated that, at different rostrocaudal segments of the hippocampus, associational and commissural connections in the DG changed differently between mice with type 1 vs. type 2 neuronal loss. Calretinin (CR)‐immunopositive mossy cells in ventral hilus and its fibers in inner molecular layer of bilateral DG remained in mice with type 1 but almost disappeared in mice with type 2 neuronal loss, which was further supported by retrograde labeling with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) showing colocalization of CTB with CR in the ventral hilus of bilateral DG in mice with type 1 neuronal loss, which was lost in those with type 2 neuronal loss. Furthermore, the sprouted PHA‐L‐immunopositive en passant and terminal boutons from the DG were found in CA1 area to contact with surviving calbindin‐, CR‐, and parvalbumin‐immunopositive neurons. The present study therefore suggests that different patterns of neuronal loss in CA3 area may be linked to different axon reorganizations in the DG. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of estrogen receptor‐α transactivation domain with nuclear proteins of mouse brain: p68 RNA helicase shows age‐ and sex‐specific change
Authors: Ghosh Swati , Thakur M.K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractEstrogen receptor (ER)‐α interacts with nuclear proteins to mediate its multiple functions in the brain. However, it is not known which proteins interact with the ERα‐transactivation domain (TAD) in mouse brain and whether they change with age and sex. Therefore, we have used affinity‐purified GST‐tagged mouse ERα‐TAD fusion protein for interaction with nuclear proteins from the mouse brain. The pull‐down assay and far‐Western blotting detected four nuclear proteins of 100, 80, 68, and 50 kD. We have recently identified the 80‐kD protein as MTA1 and demonstrated its decrease in old age. Here we report alteration in the interaction and expression of the 68‐kD protein of adult and old mice of both sexes. This protein was identified as p68 RNA helicase through NCBI database search, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting. Further analysis showed that the extent of its interaction was relatively lower in old mice of both sexes and in male mice of both ages compared with their counterparts. However, the expression of p68 was significantly lower in old males compared with adult males, although other groups did not show significant changes. Such age‐ and sex‐specific interaction of p68 suggests its implication in ERα‐mediated brain functions during aging. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.