bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFTC Reauthorization Act of 2008 enacted into law
Authors: Ervin Susan C. , Hinkle Philip T. , Fox Brendan C. , Rosenblat Alan 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to summarize key provisions of the CFTC Reauthorization Act of 2008 which reauthorizes the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) through the year 2013 and substantially enhances the CFTC's authority in several areas.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the enhancements to the CFTC's authority over off‐exchange retail foreign currency transactions; explains the expanded CFTC oversight of significant price discovery contracts; and summarizes other amendments to the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), including expansion of CFTC anti‐fraud authority over principal‐to‐principal futures transactions, modification of civil and criminal penalties for certain violations of the CEA, required CFTC and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rulemaking on: risk‐based portfolio margining for security options and security futures products; and trading of futures on broad‐based indexes of foreign equities, and other technical amendments.FindingsThis paper notes that the key provisions of the CFTC Reauthorization Act substantially enhances the CFTC's regulatory authority in several areas and provides an introduction to those provisions.Originality/valueThe paper is an introduction to the new regulatory authority of the CFTC by experienced lawyers specializing in financial services.
Removal of class actions filed in state court alleging federal securities law violations
Authors: Jacobs Caryn , Strauss Jeffrey M. , Tharp John J. , Agonis Katherine 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to survey the landscape of recent federal securities class actions filed in state court and explore arguments for removal of those cases to federal courts under the Securities Litigation Reform Act (SLUSA) or the Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA).Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses: US Congressional legislation designed to bring the bulk of securities class actions back into federal courts, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA) and SLUSA; CAFA, another law designed to redirect class action litigation away from state courts; recent cases that have tested the limits of SLUSA and CAFA for removal from state to federal courts; and arguments for removal under SLUSA and CAFA.FindingsLegislative history for both SLUSA and CAFA suggests that these statutes should be read as evidence of Congressional intent to return most securities class actions to federal court. Nonetheless, plaintiffs have continued to devise legal schemes to litigate class actions in what they perceive to be friendlier forums in state courts.Originality/valueAlthough the arguments discussed in this paper are not exhaustive, they are a starting point for defendants seeking removal once litigation arises.
Pitfalls for non‐US financial institutions undertaking business in the US
Authors: Grieve Chuck , Plews Tim , Pax Thomas , Houck Robert 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the regulatory challenges that financial institutions around the world face in entering the US market.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides examples of the intricacies in US banking regulation that a financial institution has to think though as it considers buying US assets, including selected provisions of the Bank Holding Company Act, the nature of Federal Reserve jurisdiction and supervision, competition among various federal and state regulators, and dangers related to class action suits and intrusive discovery in civil proceedings.FindingsThe paper finds that as soon as a foreign bank buys or opens a US bank, it becomes a bank holding company under Federal Reserve jurisdiction. Often there is competition among regulators; securities markets are mostly regulated at the national level, but each state also has its own code. Another new factor is cooperation among international law enforcement agencies. Class actions and intrusive discovery, for example tens of millions of pages of e‐mail records, are the most expensive potential problems.Originality/valueThe paper contains guidance and insight from experienced financial services lawyers.
“It does my head in … buy it, buy it, buy it!” The commercialisation of UK children's web sites
Authors: Nairn Agnes 
Published: November 2008

PurposeAgainst a background of social concern about the commercialisation of childhood, the purpose of the paper is to analyse the commercial activity on the favourite web sites of UK children and report the views of a sample of parents and children.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the theory underpinning current debate over risks to children from online commercialism and summarises the key provisions laid out in current international regulatory guidelines. The broad principles of protection from harm and deception are identified. This review is used to frame a research design encompassing web site observation and qualitative data collection from children and parents.FindingsA great deal of advertising is poorly labelled and deceptively integrated into content. Most sites visited by children are created for an adult audience which means 25 percent of adverts were for dating, gambling, loans, surgery and age‐restricted products. There was also evidence of pester power, dubious “free” offers and incitement to make impulse purchases using mobile phone credit.Research limitations/implicationsSurveys of commercial activity on children's web sites must be ongoing as technology, advertising techniques and regulation change at a fast pace.Practical implicationsCompanies which attract a child audience (inadvertently or not) should revise their strategy for selling advertising space. Advertisers should review potentially deceptive techniques such as advergames, product placements and embedded commercial content. “Wish lists” should be reviewed in the light of guidelines on pester power. Online payment methods available to children should be reviewed.Originality/valueThis is one of the first overall assessments of the commercial content of UK children's web sites.
What do young people want from today's BBC? Initial observations from outreach work carried out by the BBC's Regional Audience Council for London
Authors: Fanthome Christine 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore young people's views, both positive and negative, about BBC services, and to investigate their preferred means of accessing news.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports recent research for the BBC conducted in November 2007 by the Regional Audience Council for BBC London, as part of a study covering all of England on behalf of the Audience Council England which advises the BBC Trust. Data were gathered from questionnaires and focus groups. The sample comprised 42 young adults.FindingsResults show respondents were most interested in discussing television content, delivery, and BBC services. Secondary topics raised included the image/reputation of the BBC, scheduling matters and presentation issues. Findings indicated that although modes of access may be changing, television remains the preferred means of accessing news within this group.Research limitations/implicationsDifferences regarding social variables in the respondents are not considered in the analysis.Practical implicationsKnowledge of the preferences of discrete audience groupings is becoming increasingly important to broadcasters as “mass” audiences fragment and more opportunities to view are offered. This paper offers insight on the preferences of the youth market.Originality/valueThis paper makes a contribution by updating and contributing to the debates about young people's media consumption within the context of today's competitive multi‐media environment.
Jordanian children's perception of fathers' communication structures and patterns: scales revision and validation
Authors: Al‐Zu'bi A. , Crowther G. , Worsdale G. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeBased on father‐child dyadic responses, this paper is aimed at revising and validating the scales of fathers' communication structures, identifying Jordanian fathers' communication structures and patterns.Design/methodology/approachBased on two different studies, group interviews face‐to‐face, self‐administered questionnaires and drop‐off self‐administered questionnaires were respectively employed to solicit young children's and fathers' responses. While the first study (n=100) depended on convenience sampling procedures, proportionate stratified random sampling technique that relied on young children of ages 8‐12 was conducted to select the participants of the second study (n=916). Fathers' consent on the participation of their young children in the group interviews was obtained before collecting data.FindingsChildren of ages 8‐12 can precisely perceive family communication patterns (FCP) as adolescents and mothers. The influence of culture on fathers' communication structures and patterns is not clear. Jordanian fathers are principally classified as pluralistic fathers in their communication related to consumption issues and there is significant association between fathers' consumer socialisation goals and their communication structures and patterns.Research limitations/implicationsThe development of fathers' communication dimensions was based on a single‐country study and the two research samples were restricted to the public schools of Amman metropolitan.Practical implicationsMarketers can directly target Jordanian children in their advertising campaigns since children are more likely to make their own purchasing decisions. The marketers may focus on young children in their promotion campaigns to influence the family decision making related to products and services since their fathers adopt concept‐oriented communication structures.Originality/valueAn important contribution of this study is that neither fathers' communication structures nor young children's perceptions were previously used in revising and validating the scales of family communication structures and patterns at the level of collectivistic or individualistic cultures.
Alcohol consumption among young consumers: a review and recommendations
Authors: Cismaru Magdalena , Lavack Anne M. , Markewich Evan 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to examine social marketing programs aimed at preventing or moderating alcohol consumption among young consumers. It seeks to show how protection motivation theory can be used as a theoretical framework to create effective communications targeting young people.Design/methodology/approachCommunication materials aimed at preventing or moderating alcohol consumption among young people were identified and gathered from web sites in five English‐speaking countries (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the UK). A qualitative review of these materials was conducted.FindingsA majority of the alcohol moderation/prevention campaigns targeting young consumers followed the tenets of protection motivation theory by focusing on the threat variables of severity and vulnerability. Some campaigns also focused on costs, as well as self‐efficacy and response efficacy.Research limitations/implicationsOnly English‐language materials and materials targeting young consumers have been considered, so findings cannot necessarily be generalized to other languages or countries.Practical implicationsFuture youth alcohol moderation/prevention initiatives should include self‐efficacy messages, to increase confidence among young people that they are able to carry out the recommended actions.Originality/valueThe review presents a comprehensive examination of initiatives aimed at preventing/reducing alcohol consumption among young consumers, and shows how protection motivation theory can be successfully used in this context.
Gender portrayal in food and beverage advertisements in Hong Kong: a content analytic study
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Li Jessica 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine gender portrayal in food and beverage advertisements in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachA total of 45 commercials produced locally in Hong Kong and 45 commercials produced in a Western country were separately coded for ten content categories: time of day, age, mode of presentation, credibility‐basis, role, location, argument, reward type, background and end‐comment..FindingsGender‐role effects were non‐significant in a majority of the content categories contrary to findings in other research in this area. This finding is discussed in the context of the changes in Hong Kong cultureResearch limitations/implicationsSampling was limited to broadcast recording on TVB Jade in December 2007.Practical implicationsThe absence of gender based content in food and beverage advertising should inform marketing practice in a SE Asian context.Originality/valueThis paper modifies a well‐established research procedure and analyses food and beverage advertising in Hong King. This has not been done before.
The gifts we buy for children
Authors: Parsons Andrew G. , Ballantine Paul W. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the topic of gift‐giving to children, highlighting some of the issues that provide insight into how consumers might be making their choices.Design/methodology/approachA total of 285 personal interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. All participants were aged 18 or over, and had purchased a gift for a child aged under‐13 within the previous three months.FindingsThe findings of this study are that kinship, gender of the buyer, and the presence of siblings are related to the type of gift bought, including how traditional or contemporary it is, how educational it is, and whether the gift is reflective of the child's personality.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the purchasing behavior of shoppers giving gifts to children allows marketers to participate in important stages in societal development.Originality/valueThis paper provides insight into the purchasing behavior of consumers when buying gifts for children.
Perceptions of safety and offshore helicopter travel
Authors: Mitchell Simon J. , Braithwaite Graham R. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeUK oil and gas producers through unilateral action and consensus have been ultimately responsible for many key safety improvements in global helicopter services. With production assets no longer concentrated in the hands of a few major operators, the question is whether this leadership role can be assured in the future. This paper aims to summarise doctoral research that examined the economics of safety in the offshore helicopter industry.Design/methodology/approachThe offshore helicopter industry has particular characteristics, including: greater levels of safety training and choice is severely limited. A carefully structured questionnaire was presented to a sample of offshore helicopter passengers, and the responses analysed in depth.FindingsShifts in perceptions of safety risk are predictable, and potentially measurable, and translate into demands for action based on a mechanism of individual choice. It is then the cumulative effects of any shift in individual choices that determine the scale and scope of organisational response required by the employer and/or its agents.Research limitations/implicationsThis research data is only sufficient to predict the manner in which perceptions of safety impact on the sustainability of offshore helicopter travel.Originality/valueThe fundamental characteristics and dynamics of offshore helicopter travel still have the potential to result in some significant instability amongst the offshore workforce, and within the industry. There is strong evidence that oil and gas producers need to be prepared to take a leadership role. As the demands for consensus increase, this research can be developed into a useful analysis and safety management aid.
A general equilibrium analysis of potential demand side management programs in the household sector in Thailand
Authors: Timilsina Govinda R. , Shrestha Ram M. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine potential demand side management (DSM) programs in terms of their impacts to the overall economy in Thailand.Design/methodology/approachA multi‐sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of Thailand has been developed to accomplish the objectives of this study. The potential DSM program considered refers to replacement of less efficient electrical appliances with their efficient counterparts in the household sector in Thailand.FindingsThe study finds that the economy‐wide impacts of the DSM program (e.g., economic welfare, GDP, international trade) depend on three key factors: the project economics of the DSM option or the ratio of unit cost of electricity savings to price of electricity (CPR); the implementation strategy of the DSM option; and scale or size of the DSM option. This paper shows that the welfare impacts of the DSM programs would improve along with the project economics of the DSM programs. If the DSM program is implemented under the CDM, the welfare impacts would increase along with the price for certified emission reductions units. On the other hand, the welfare impacts would increase up to the optimal size or scale of the program, but would start to deteriorate if the size is increased further.Research limitations/implicationsThe welfare function considered in this paper does not account for benefits of local air pollution reductions. The study provides crucial insights on designing DSM projects in Thailand to ensure that DSM programs are beneficial for the economy as a whole.Originality/valueAnalyses of DSM options under the CDM using CGE models are not available in the literature. This is the first paper in this area.
The International Universities Walking Project: employee step counts, sitting times and health status
Authors: Gilson Nicholas , McKenna Jim , Puig‐Ribera Anna , Brown Wendy , Burton Nicola 
Published: November 2008

PurposeAwareness of potential health impact and variations in key risk factors for chronic disease are important considerations in multi‐site, workplace physical activity interventions. This study seeks to examine associations and site variations between workday step counts, sitting times, waist circumference and blood pressure in three universities.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were white‐collar, university employees (172 women and 44 men; aged 41.0±10.3 years) from Barcelona, Spain (n=81), Brisbane, Australia (n=71) and Leeds, UK (n=64). Workday step counts and sitting times (five days) and waist circumference and blood pressure were assessed and compared against health‐related thresholds. Step counts were classified into tertiles and differences in sitting time, waist circumference and blood pressure were compared across tertiles using ANOVA, as were site variations in key variables.FindingsDaily step counts were inversely associated with sitting times (p<0.05), women's waist circumference (p<0.05) and systolic (p<0.01) and diastolic (p<0.05) blood pressure. Activity rates – relative to the public health criterion of 10,000 daily steps – were lower in Brisbane (16 per cent) and Leeds (15 per cent), compared with Barcelona (47 per cent). Barcelona employees also sat less (p<0.001), had lower men's and women's waist circumference (p<0.01) and lower women's diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001).Research limitations/implicationsThe small number of male participants precluded meaningful analyses for men.Originality/valueThe findings evidence the health benefits of workplace walking in the samples and highlight the need to account for variations in multi‐site, multi‐national interventions.
Exercising at work and self‐reported work performance
Authors: Coulson J.C. , McKenna J. , Field M. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the interplay of workplace exercising on self‐reported workplace performance.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods design combined a randomised cross‐over trial with concurrent focus groups. Three workplaces (two private companies, one public service organisation) were purposefully selected for their provision of on‐site exercise facilities, size (>250 employees) and large proportion of sedentary occupations. Two mood diary questionnaires were distributed to employees exercising on‐site only. Order of questionnaire completion was randomised: self‐selected exercise‐day (ExD) or no‐exercise day (NExD) first. Exercise specifics (duration, intensity, mode) and ExD mood (pre‐/post‐exercise) were recorded. On NExD, mood was measured early and late in the working day. A 15‐item work performance grid was completed at day‐ends. Three on‐site focus groups were held concurrently to explore performance‐related topics.FindingsAmong 201 volunteer respondents (67 per cent female, mean age 38.2 years), mood improved on ExD, pre‐to‐post exercise (all p<0.01). Performance indicators were higher on ExD, versus NExD (all p<0.01), independent of exercise specifics and workload. Positive changes in performance outcomes were almost exclusively linked to changes in mood. Inductive analysis of focus groups revealed 13 (of 17) themes exhibiting positive outcomes. Employee tolerance and resilience were central to the subjective findings.Research limitations/implicationsThe naturalistic, dual‐paradigm study demonstrated that workday exercise can improve white‐collar workers' mood and self‐reported performance on days when they exercise at work over days when they do not. There are clear implications not only for employee wellbeing, but also for competitive advantage and motivation by increasing opportunities for exercising at work.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies that addresses the acute effects of exercise in the workplace in the same people. Self‐rated productivity effects attributable to exercising during the working day were strongly mediated by changes in mood. Statistical power is amplified within the cross‐over design.
Measuring presenteeism in Catalan employees: linguistic adaptation and validation
Authors: Puig‐Ribera A. , McKenna J. , Gilson N. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeInstruments that measure the effect of health on productivity help to inform intervention programmes aimed at improving employees' presenteeism. The Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) has been used extensively to measure presenteeism but has not been validated for use in the Catalan‐speaking population. The aim of this study is to translate and preliminarily test the reliability and validity of a Catalan version of the WLQ (CWLQ).Design/methodology/approachThe WLQ was translated into Catalan using back‐translation. The final version of the instrument was administered to 19 volunteer university employees in Barcelona. Feasibility (employee debriefing) and psychometric evaluation included internal consistency (Cronbach's α), four‐day test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC), and concurrent validity (ICC) in comparison with the original English WLQ.FindingsItem analyses showed a high degree of internal consistency for the total score (α=0.80) and for the four scales of the CWLQ (subscale 1, r=0.82; subscale 2, r=0.80; subscale 3, r=0.81; subscale 4, r=0.78). The test‐retest reliability was also acceptable for the total score (ICC=0.69) and subscale 1 (ICC=0.68), subscale 2 (ICC=0.68), subscale 3 (ICC=0.67) and subscale 4 (ICC=0.75). The total score of the CWLQ showed good concurrent validity (ICC=0.81).Originality/valuePreliminary results suggest that the CWLQ is a valid and reliable scale for the assessment of presenteeism in Catalan‐speaking employees. Use of the questionnaire will help to inform Catalan companies and business on how to effectively target presenteeism through health promotion interventions.