bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of eight dogs with nasal tumours with alternating doses of doxorubicin and carboplatin in conjunction with oral piroxicam
Authors: LANGOVA V , MUTSAERS AJ , PHILLIPS B , STRAW R 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in the treatment of canine nasal tumours.DesignRetrospective clinical studyProcedureEight dogs with histologically confirmed nasal tumours were staged by means of complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, cytological analysis of fine needle aspirate of the regional lymph nodes, thoracic radiographs and computed tomography scan of the nasal cavity. All dogs were treated with alternating doses of doxorubicin, carboplatin and oral piroxicam. All dogs were monitored for side effects of chemotherapy and evaluated for response to treatment by computed tomography scan of the nasal cavity after the first four treatments.ResultsComplete remission was achieved in four dogs, partial remission occurred in two dogs and two had stable disease on the basis of computed tomography evaluation. There was resolution of clinical signs after one to two doses of chemotherapy in all dogs.ConclusionsThis chemotherapy protocol was efficacious and well tolerated in this series of eight cases of canine nasal tumours.
Is Chlamydophila felis a significant zoonotic pathogen?
Authors: BROWNING GF 
Published: March 2008

Problem
Chlamydophila felisis a common cause of conjunctivitis in cats and in some textbooks is listed as an important zoonotic pathogen. However, there are no published comprehensive reviews assessing the evidence supporting this. Search and analysis Bibliographic databases and bibliographies of papers and textbooks were searched for all published cases of zoonotic disease associated with chlamydiosis in cats. All published case reports were reviewed to establish the quality of the evidence supporting the association between C felis and zoonotic disease. Results There are only seven case reports, most of which were published before the development of assays capable of distinguishing C felis from other chlamydial species, implicating this organism in zoonotic disease. None of the three cases of pneumonia and systemic disease described, two of which occurred in immunocompromised patients, can be unambiguously attributed to C felis. Of the four cases of follicular keratoconjunctivitis described, only one, in an immunocompromised patient, could be unambiguously attributed to C felis. Conclusion While there is evidence that C felis may occasionally cause keratoconjunctivitis in humans, there is little evidence to suggest it can cause serious systemic disease or pneumonia.
Retrospective study of Old World screwworm fly (Chrysomya bezziana) myiasis in 59 dogs in Hong Kong over a one year period
Authors: MCNAE JC , LEWIS SJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis retrospective study examined the case records of Old World screw‐worm fly myiasis in dogs in Hong Kong's New Territories. Myiasis due to OWSWF was identified and treated in 59 dogs at our clinic over a period of 1 year. Signalment, causes of initial wound, and treatments implemented, are reported. All cases recovered from myiasis with a combination of larvae removal and wound debridement, antibiotics, and topical and systemic insecticides. Whilst this parasite is currently exotic to Australia, much of the country is environmentally suitable (tropical and subtropical) for establishment of OWSWF.
Survey for papillomatous digital dermatitis in Australian dairy cattle
Authors: MILINOVICH GJ , TURNER SA , McLENNAN MW , TROTT DJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whetherTr eponema‐associated papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) occurs in Australian dairy cattle.DesignMail‐out questionnaire and histological and bacteriological examination of biopsy tissue from suspect PDD lesions.ProcedureThe questionnaire was mailed to 375 veterinarians to evaluate their knowledge of PDD, determine if they had observed the disease in Australian dairy cattle, and to request biopsy material from suspicious cases. Biopsies were examined for histological and bacteriological evidence of PDD, including for the presence of spirochaetes.ResultsEighty‐eight replies to the questionnaire were received (23.5%). Of 52 respondents who were aware of PDD as a possible cause of lameness, 26 reported observing the condition in Australian cattle. Of 32 respondents who were unaware of the condition, 6 reported observing lesions that might have been PDD. The majority of reports of PDD‐like lesions came from the southern Australian states, the condition occurring during periods of high rainfall and proving responsive to topical or parenteral application of antimicrobials. Biopsies from five erosive lesions showed histological similarity to PDD whereas biopsies from five proliferative lesions were consistent with chronic inflammation, fibroma or cutaneous papilloma. The presence of spirochaetes was not demonstrated in any of the lesions by histological or bacteriological methods.ConclusionAnecdotal reports and analysis of biopsy material confirm that a condition similar to PDD does occur sporadically in dairy cattle in southern Australia. However, this condition has so far not been shown to be associated with the presence of spirochaetes in the lesions.
Infection rates in reactors to an absorbed ELISA used in a test and cull program for bovine Johne's disease
Authors: HOLMES IRL , JUBB TF , CALLINAN APL 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective To determine the proportion of cattle, whose sera gave positive reactions in a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bovine Johne's disease, that were confirmed infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis by histology and culture of tissues.Procedure Dairy cattle (n = 493) from the Echuca district of Victoria, whose sera were positive in the ELISA, were slaughtered at an abattoir where standard specimens were collected for histology and culture. Only if samples were histologically negative were further samples submitted for culture.Results The proportion of cattle in which infection was confirmed increased from 70.4% in 1996 to 89.4% in 2001 giving an overall confirmation rate of 79.9%. This was mainly because more reactors were confirmed by culture each year, the proportion increasing from 0% in 1997 to 27.5% in 2000 but decreasing to 16.7% in 2001. If all unconfirmed reactors were presumed to be uninfected, the minimum specificity of the ELISA was 99.62%. There were no significant differences between the age groups in the proportion confirmed infected.Conclusion Confirmation rates and specificity of the ELISA were high when used in a typical JD‐infected Victorian dairy cattle population. Imperfect sensitivity of histology and culture and the selection of reactors which favoured more false positives, means the estimates were probably conservative. Confirmation rates were not affected by age of ELISA reactor.
Comparison of the analgesic effects of xylazine in sheep via three different administration routes
Authors: GRANT C. , UPTON RN 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo examine the influence of administration route on the analgesic effects of identical doses of xylazine in sheep.DesignA prospective, linear, randomised laboratory study.ProcedureThe analgesic response to the administration of 2.5 mg of the α2 agonist xylazine either intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously was assessed using an analgesia testing method based upon a learned response to a painful electrical stimulus.ResultsIntravenous administration achieved the most rapid onset and highest peak analgesic values of all administration methods, but was characterised by a shorter duration of action (25 min). Intramuscular and subcutaneous administration resulted in a longer duration of action (40 min) and a greater total analgesic response.ConclusionFor the routine management of acute pain, intramuscular administration provided the best combination of onset, duration and total analgesic response of the routes examined. The absence of adverse side effects, such as sedation, normally associated with the administration of α2 agonists should also encourage the use of this method as a simple and effective means of providing significant analgesia in the sheep.
Effect of breed on anatomy of portosystemic shunts resulting from congenital diseases in dogs and cats: a review of 242 cases
Authors: HUNT GB 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of species and breed on the anatomy of portosystemic vascular anomalies in dogs and cats.DesignRetrospective study of 233 dogs and nine cats presenting to the University Veterinary Centre, Sydney.MethodsCase records were evaluated for breed, sex, age, anatomical and histological diagnosis. Cases were included when a portosystemic vascular anomaly resulted from a congenital or developmental abnormality of the liver or portal venous system.ResultsDisease conditions included single congenital portosystemic shunt with patent portal vasculature (214 dogs, nine cats), portal vein aplasia (nine dogs), multiple acquired shunts resulting from portal vein hypoplasia (seven dogs), biliary atresia (one dog) and microvascular dysplasia (one dog). One Maltese had a single, congenital shunt and multiple acquired shunts resulting from hepatic cirrhosis. Breeds that were significantly over‐represented included the Maltese, Silky Terrier, Australian Cattle Dog, Bichon Frise, Shih Tzu, Miniature Schnauzer, Border Collie, Jack Russell Terrier, Irish Wolfhound and Himalayan cat. Bichon Frise with shunts were significantly more likely to be female than male (12:2, P < 0.001). Two hundred and fourteen dogs (91.4%), and all cats, had shunts that were amenable to attenuation. Inoperable shunts occurred in 19 dogs (8.2%). Fifty six of 61 (92%) operable shunts in large breed dogs were intrahepatic, versus 10/153 (7%) in small breeds (P < 0.0001). Breeds that were not predisposed to portosystemic shunts were significantly more likely to have unusual or inoperable shunts than dogs from predisposed breeds (29% versus 7.6%, P < 0.0001).No significant relationship between breed and shunt type could be determined in cats.ConclusionBreed has a significant influence on shunt anatomy in dogs. Animals presenting with signs of portosystemic shunting may suffer from a wide range of operable or inoperable conditions. Veterinarians should be aware that unusual or inoperable shunts are much more likely to occur in breeds that are not predisposed to congenital portosystemic shunts.
Fluoroacetate poisoning in seven domestic dogs
Authors: O'HAGAN BJ 
Published: March 2008

Sodium monofluoroacetate, also known as compound 1080, is used in Australia for control of feral and pest species. Poisoning of non‐target species by sodium monofluoroacetate can be difficult to diagnose if there is no history of exposure because clinical signs are non‐specific.This communication describes the poisoning by sodium monofluoroacetate of seven dogs from one property over a period of 3 days. Poisoning by sodium monofluoroacetate was confirmed by toxicological analysis of stomach contents, gastric lavage fluid and vomitus from three of the dogs, but the source of the toxin was not found. Six of the seven dogs were Maremmas, and livestock guard animals may be at particular risk of exposure to pest control baiting programs.
Chemical arthrodesis of the distal tarsal joints using sodium monoiodoacetate in 104 horses
Authors: DOWLING BA , DART AJ , MATTHEWS SM 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate chemical arthrodesis using sodium monoiodoacetate for treatment of degenerative joint disease of the tarsometatarsal and distal intertarsal joints.DesignRetrospective clinical study.MethodHorses were diagnosed with degenerative joint disease of one or more of the tarsometatarsal or distal inter‐tarsal joints based on history, lameness examination, radi‐ographic findings and, in some cases, response to intra‐artic‐ular anaesthesia or medication. Intra‐articular injections of sodium monoiodoacetate were performed using 23 gauge needles in the sedated, standing horse. Positive contrast arthrography of the distal intertarsal joint was performed in all horses to evaluate needle placement and the presence or absence of communication with other synovial structures. The mean intra‐articular dose of sodium monoiodoacetate was 192 mg. Horses were subject to a graded exercise program commencing 7 to 10 days after treatment. Where possible, follow up lameness examination and radiography was performed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment.ResultsAt 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment, respectively, 0/57, 14/55, 41/50, and 29/34 of horses were sound. At 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment, respectively, 5/55, 24/38, 26/30 and 18/18 of horses had radiographic evidence of anky‐losis of treated joints. Post injection pain was marked in 6.7% of horses and significant complications requiring further treatment occurred in 3.8% of horses.ConclusionsChemical arthrodesis using sodium mono‐iodoacetate was an effective treatment method for degenerative joint disease of the distal tarsal joints. The technique was performed in the sedated standing horse and required minimal equipment. Results were comparable to those achieved following surgical arthrodesis. The risk of significant complications was minimised through good technique using an appropriate injection volume and concentration.
Detection of avian paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses amongst wild bird populations in Victoria
Authors: PEROULIS I , O'RILEY K 
Published: March 2008

Objective To isolate and characterise avian paramyx‐oviruses and other haemagglutinating viruses amongst Victorian wild bird populations. Procedure Tracheal and cloacal material was collected from wild duck, pigeon, quail and other wild birds throughout Victoria. Samples were processed and cultured in embryonating eggs. Viral isolates were characterised based on their haemagglutina‐tion and haemagglutination‐inhibition activity using a panel of specific antisera. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to characterise Newcastle disease virus isolates. Results Twenty‐five nonpathogenic haemagglutinating viruses were isolated from 605 wild bird samples. The majority were characterised as APMV‐6 or influenza A virus, H3N2. Two isolates were identified and characterised as APMV‐1 (avirulent NDV) based on nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analysis at the F0 cleavage site. Conclusions Twenty‐five viruses were isolated, none of which resembled progenitor or virulent genotypes. This study provides valuable epidemiological information against which to compare future isolates from outbreaks of disease to determine their origin.
Comparison of one‐step RT‐PCR and a nested PCR for the detection of canine distemper virus in clinical samples
Authors: SHIN YJ , CHO KO , CHO HS , KANG SK , KIM HJ , KIM YH , PARK HS , PARK NY 
Published: March 2008

Objective To develop a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of canine distemper virus (CDV) by nested PCR using clinical specimens. Design A nested PCR was developed, compared to a one‐step RT‐PCR and validated. ProcedureTwo sets of specific primers for a one‐step RT‐PCR and a nested PCR, targeting a 640 bp fragment and a 297 bp fragment, respectively, were selected from the highly conserved region of the nucleocapsid protein (NP) gene of CDV. The nested PCR and the one‐step RT‐PCR were used to amplify a part of the CDV NP gene of a CDV vaccinal strain and samples of urine, blood, nasal discharge and saliva from 29 dogs suspected of suffering CD. Results Both the one‐step RT‐PCR and the nested PCR reacted with the CDV vaccinal strain, but not with canine parvovirus. The expected 640 bp fragment of the NP gene was detected in 11/22 (50.0%) blood, 10/20 (50.0%) urine, 5/25 (20.0%) saliva and 6/27 (22.2%) nasal swab samples by one‐step RT‐PCR, whereas the nested PCR amplified an expected 297 bp fragment of the NP gene in 18/22 (81.8%) blood, 15/20 (75.0%) urine, 14/25 (56%) saliva and 19/27 (70.3%) nasal swab samples. Conclusion The nested PCR detected CDV in blood, urine, nasal swab and saliva more frequently than did the one‐step RT‐PCR. Therefore, this assay should be a useful aid to ante‐mortem diagnosis of CDV infections in dogs.
Modelling the spread of foot‐and‐mouth disease in Australia
Authors: GARNER MG , BECKETT SD 
Published: March 2008

Preparedness for an incursion of an exotic animal disease is of key importance to government, industry, producers and the Australian community. An important aspect of Australia's preparedness for a possible incursion of foot‐and‐mouth disease is investigation into the likely effectiveness and cost‐efficiency of eradication strategies when applied to different regional outbreak scenarios. Disease modelling is a tool that can be used to study diseases such as foot‐and‐mouth disease to better understand potential disease spread and control under different conditions.The Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry has been involved with epidemiologic simulation modelling for more than 10 years, and has developed a sophisticated spatial model for foot‐and‐mouth disease (AusSpread) that operates within a geographic information system framework. The model accommodates real farm boundary or point‐location data, as well as synthesised data based on agricultural census and land use information. The model also allows for interactions between herds or flocks of different animal species and production type, and considers the role that such interactions are likely to play in the epidemiology of a regional outbreak of foot‐and‐mouth disease. The user can choose mitigations and eradication strategies from those that are currently described in Australia's veterinary emergency plan. The model also allows the user to evaluate the impact of constraints on the availability of resources for mitigations or eradication measures. Outputs include a range of maps and tabulated outbreak statistics describing the geographic extent of the outbreak and its duration, the numbers of affected, slaughtered, and, as relevant, vaccinated herds or flocks, and the cost of control and eradication. Cost‐related outputs are based on budgets of the value of stock and the cost of mitigations, each of which can be varied by the user. These outputs are a valuable resource to assist with policy development and disease management.
Equine endotoxaemia ‐ A state‐of‐the‐art review of therapy
Authors: SYKES BW , FURR MO 
Published: March 2008

The pathophysiology of endotoxaemia, a leading cause of death in the horse, is beginning to be understood in greater detail. Endotoxin may be absorbed into the systemic circulation in a number of different ways: most commonly the body's normal defense mechanisms are disrupted or bypassed, or the normal clearance mechanisms overwhelmed. Following this widespread effects are observed, although the most significant are seen in the cardiovascular system. Fever, arterial hypoxaemia and signs of abdominal pain are also common. With increased understanding of the disease new therapeutic agents have become available, however, while the newer agents offer some advantages it is important to recognise that supportive care is the mainstay of treatment for endotoxaemia.Supportive care consists of aggressive fluid therapy (crystalloid, colloid and hypertonic), the administration of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and, where appropriate, antimicrobials. The principles of supportive care are discussed in detail. Other therapies such as hyperimmune plasma, polymyxin B, pentoxifylline, dimethyl sulfoxide and heparin are commonly used in the treatment of equine endotoxaemia and their use is reviewed here. Furthermore, newer agents such as anti‐tumour necrosis factor antibodies, detergent, activated protein C and insulin, which have yet to gain widespread acceptance but may have an important role in the treatment of endotoxaemia in the future, are examined.
Comparison of girth materials, girth tensions and their effects on performance in racehorses
Authors: BOWERS J , SLOCOMBE RF 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of girth materials and commonly used girth tensions on athletic performance of racehorses and to test the length tension properties of commercially available girths.ProcedureSeven horses were exercised at speeds to produce 95% of maximal heart rates on 15 occasions using a randomised block design, and girthed with 5 different girths at 3 nominal tensions of 6, 12 or 18 kg. The girths used were a standard elastic race girth, an ‘American’ elastic race girth, an elastic race girth twice the normal width, a standard canvas race girth and a canvas race girth at twice the normal width. Tension in the girth was recorded continuously using an in‐line load cell connected to a physiograph. Horses ran to fatigue on a treadmill inclined at 10% slope. Tensions were measured at peak inhalation (T/inh) and exhalation (T/exh), recorded at rest (rest) and during exercise (ex). An analysis of variance was used to compare the mean run to fatigue times (RTFT) between girth types and tensions, multiple pair‐wise comparisons were then carried out using Tukey's test where significant differences were found.The length‐tension relationships of five commercially available girths for training and racing of Thoroughbred racehorses were studied by the application of standardized weights in series to multiple samples of each type of girth. Measurements were taken in a controlled environment and analysis of variance was used to compare the means for length‐tension of each girth type.ResultsThe elastic and the ‘American’ elastic girths produced significantly longer RTFT when compared to the standard canvas girth (P=0.01 and P = 0.001 respectively). Also girths tensioned at Texhrest6 kg and Texhrest12 kg produced significantly longer RTFT than when girthed at Texhrest18 kg (P=0.03 and P = 0.08 respectively).There were significant differences between the commercially available girth types at each tension (P < 0.05), but differences were not significant between girths of the same type. Girths with an elastic component reached their peak for maximum extension at 14.5 kg and thereafter their extension declined.ConclusionThe type of girth and the tension at which it is applied affects athletic performance. Lower girth tensions and the use of elastic materials in the girth would appear to optimise performance. However according to this study and our previous study, none of the commercially available girths studied would adequately protect against the potentially detrimental effects of overtightening on athletic performance.