bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CASPER: Cognitive Architecture for Social Perception and Engagement in Robots
Authors: Vinanzi Samuele , Cangelosi Angelo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur world is being increasingly pervaded by intelligent robots with varying degrees of autonomy. To seamlessly integrate themselves in our society, these machines should possess the ability to navigate the complexities of our daily routines even in the absence of a human’s direct input. In other words, we want these robots to understand the intentions of their partners with the purpose of predicting the best way to help them. In this paper, we present the initial iteration of cognitive architecture for social perception and engagement in robots: a symbolic cognitive architecture that uses qualitative spatial reasoning to anticipate the pursued goal of another agent and to calculate the best collaborative behavior. This is performed through an ensemble of parallel processes that model a low-level action recognition and a high-level goal understanding, both of which are formally verified. We have tested this architecture in a simulated kitchen environment and the results we have collected show that the robot is able to both recognize an ongoing goal and to properly collaborate towards its achievement. This demonstrates a new use of qualitative spatial relations applied to the problem of intention reading in the domain of human–robot interaction.
Using resampled nSight-2 hyperspectral data and various machine learning classifiers for discriminating wetland plant species in a Ramsar Wetland site, South Africa
Authors: Gasela Mchasisi , Kganyago Mahlatse , De Jager Gerhard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMapping wetland ecosystems at the species level provides critical information for understanding the nutrient cycle, carbon sequestration, retention and purification of water, waste treatment and pollution control. However, wetland ecosystems are threatened by climate variability and change and anthropogenic activities; thus, their assessment and monitoring have become critical to inform proper management interventions. Contemporary studies show that satellite-based Earth observation (EO) has significant potential for achieving this task. While many multispectral EO data are freely and readily available, its broad spectral bands limit its utility in differentiating subtle differences among similar plant species. In contrast, hyperspectral data has a high spectral resolution, which is superior in discerning minute differences in similar plant species. However, this data is associated with high dimensionality and multicollinearity, which negatively affect the performance of traditional, parametric classification algorithms. To this end, machine algorithms are often preferred to classify hyperspectral data due to their robustness to various data distributions and noise. The current study compared the performance of three advanced machine learning classifiers, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), in discriminating four dominant wetland plant species, i.e., Crocosmia sp., Grasses, Agapanthus sp. and Cyperus sp. using simulated hyperspectral data from an upcoming sensor, i.e., nSight-2. The results revealed that SVM is superior, with an overall accuracy of 93.18% (and class-wise accuracies > 85%). In comparison, there were minor differences in the performances of RF and PLS-DA, i.e., 84.09% and 83.63%, respectively. Overall, the results demonstrated that all the evaluated classifiers could achieve acceptable mapping accuracies. However, SVM is more robust, providing exceptional accuracies, and should be considered for operational mapping once the sensor is in space.
Corrosion of calcite speleothems in epigenic caves of Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)
Authors: Faimon Jiří , Baldík Vít , Štelcl Jindřich , Všianský Dalibor , Rez Jiří , Pracný Pavel , Novotný Roman , Lang Marek , Roubal Zdeněk , Szabó Zoltán , Hadacz Roman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCorrosion processes were studied in epigenic caves of the Moravian Karst (MK). Samples of naturally corroded speleothems and carbonate rocks collected in various MK caves were compared with limestone and calcite standards that were corroded under well-controlled conditions in the laboratory. Two stages of corrosion were distinguished: (1) an early stage of pitting and linear corrosion predisposed by point and line defects in the standards, and (2) an advanced stage characterized by deep corrosion of the entire standard surface. During the second stage, the internal structure of the corroded substrate remained partially preserved, however, if the water was extremely aggressive, the corrosion progressed to depth en-bloc regardless of the structure. In this paper, we (1) proposed a new corrosion mechanism based on the binding of aqueous calcium by clays and tested it experimentally in the cave, (2) characterized conditions that generally favor the formation of aggressive waters (water undersaturated with calcite) into seven categories incorporating them into a conceptual model of the karst vertical profile, and (3) discussed anthropogenic influences on these processes.
The algal partnership is associated with quantitative variation of lichen specific metabolites in Cladonia foliacea from Central and Southern Europe
Authors: Farkas Edit , Xu Maonian , Muhoro Arthur Macharia , Szabó Krisztina , Lengyel Attila , Heiðmarsson Starri , Viktorsson Elvar Örn , Ólafsdóttir Elín Soffia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLichen specific metabolites (LSMs) have interesting biological activities and quantitative variations may be present intraspecifically. For example, variations in medullary fumarprotocetraric acid (FA) and cortical usnic acid (UA) were observed in the lichen Cladonia foliacea, but the mechanism of variation is not well understood. The current study aimed to characterise the quantitative variation of FA and UA and to investigate the association between lichen metabolite content and ecological / biological variables. Fungal and algal trees were constructed using fungal (nrITS, RPB2) and algal (nrITS) loci, respectively. Using a chiral chromatographic method, the contents of (-)-UA were determined in 29 C. foliacea specimens and range from 6.88 to 34.27 mg/g dry wt. The FA contents were lower and varied from 1.44 to 9.87 mg/g dry wt. Although the fungal tree showed two well resolved clades, no significant differences of UA or FA contents were found between the two fungal clades. However, a significantly higher UA/FA ratio as well as a unique habitat were found to be associated with specimens which contained the alga Asterochloris lobophora than those specimens associated other Asterochloris algae. Taking all predictive variables into account (i.e. substrate type, elevation, collection season, photobiont identity), the multivariate data analysis indicated that photobiont identity explained most of the variance of LSM contents in C. foliacea. Thus future LSM biosynthetic studies should take the photobiont into consideration when dealing with intraspecific quantitative variation.
Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) for the Regional Anesthesiologist
Authors: Arumugam Sivasenthil , Kolli Sree , Brakoniecki Katrina , Singh Prit Anand , Kukreja Promil , Kalagara Hari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Application of ultrasound in clinical anesthesia practice extends beyond regional anesthesia. In this review, we have discussed other point-of-care applications of ultrasound in perioperative care and anesthetic management with emphasis on regional anesthesia practice.

Recent Findings
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for anesthesiologists has gained widespread interest and popularity. Recent literature has highlighted multiple perioperative POCUS applications on various organ systems and their benefits. In this section, we have analyzed the recent available data and evidence for perioperative POCUS for airway, gastric contents and trauma, its applications, benefits, and limitations in perioperative medicine.

Summary
Perioperative POCUS skill is a natural extension of ultrasound guided regional anesthesia. Utilizing POCUS in the perioperative period would accelerate the level of appropriate care, safety, and improve outcomes. More anesthesiologists embracing POCUS would enhance patient care in a timely fashion. POCUS in regional anesthesia practice, including ambulatory centers, can be valuable in avoiding delay or cancellation of surgeries and improving patient satisfaction.
Lachgas – ein Narkotikum
Authors: Wagner J. B. , Wanke E. M. , Ohlendorf D. , Reuss F. , Holzgreve F. , Oremek G. M. 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungLachgas ist ein oxidierendes, schlecht wasserlösliches, farbloses Gas mit süßem Geruch aus der Gruppe der N‑O-Verbindungen und wird im medizinischen Kontext hauptsächlich als Anästhetikum bzw. als Analgetikum eigesetzt. Allerdings warnt die Europäische Beobachtungsstelle für Drogen (EMCDDA) vor dem privaten Konsum von Lachgas, da es gefährliche Folgen haben kann, wie z. B. Nervenschädigung, Lähmungen, neurologische Schäden, Polyneuropathie, Parästhesien, Rückenmarkdegeneration in Folge einer Störung des Vitamin-B12-Stoffwechsels. Daher sollte Lachgas nur für medizinische und technische Zwecke (z. B. als Treibgas im Sahnespender) eingesetzt werden und nicht zum privaten Spaß-Konsum. So dürfen Ärztinnen und Ärzte das Gas als leichtes Betäubungsmittel einsetzen. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der chemischen Zusammensetzung und den biologischen positiven und negativen Folgen von Lachgas und deren Betrachtung im arbeitsmedizinischen Setting.
Upstream Evaporation is the Key to Extreme Summertime Heat Stress in North China
Authors: Bu Lulei , Zuo Zhiyan , Chen Deliang , Zhang Kaiwen , Qiao Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHumidity plays a critical role in amplifying temperature impact, leading to reduced heat dissipation efficiency and severe heat stress in humans. In the specific context of North China, this study explored different sensitivities of extreme heat stress (measured by wet-bulb temperature, TW) to humidity and temperature, and analyzed the influence of upstream variables on extreme heat stress. It is found that in the past four decades, extreme heat stress in North China increased rapidly at a maximum rate of over 0.4 ℃/decade, accompanied by the influence of humidity on extreme heat stress surpasses that of temperature. Even slight fluctuations in humidity can result in substantial variations in heat stress levels, unlike equivalent changes in temperature. This study is the first to find that for extreme heat stress, changes in temperature can only increase TW by up to 0.5 ℃, while increase in humidity can increase TW by 3 ℃. Notably, both humidity and temperature begin to rise approximately three days prior to extreme days, coinciding with intensified humidity transport and temperature advection from the upstream region. This study is also the first to find that intensified humidity transport is primarily driven by remarkably high evaporation originating from the western extension of the Northwest Pacific Subtropical High, while the strengthened temperature advection stems from a north–south temperature gradient during extreme days. This mechanism, wherein upstream variables impact downstream conditions, holds significant value for accurate prediction and timely response strategies.
Study on the material removal mechanism and the exit breakage of ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding for microcrystalline glass
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Cui Enming , Zhang Baoquan , Wang Mingwei , Zhao Xiujun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the aim of solving problems such as exit breakage and surface microcracks during microcrystalline glass machining, an ellipsoidal erosion model is established by analyzing the motion trajectory and characteristics of single diamond grit in ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG), and the material removal volume of single diamond grit particles is obtained. A simulation model of UVAG of microcrystalline glass is established by the finite element method. The effect of process parameters such as rotational speed, grinding depth, feed rate on grinding force and workpiece edge stress has been investigated. The experiment of UVAG for microcrystalline glass is performed on a five-axis CNC machine with the same process parameters, and the surface morphology, surface roughness, and exit breakage sizes of microcrystalline glass are observed. The results show that with the increase in grinding depth, the average grinding force between the tool and the workpiece increases, and the proportion of material removal in a brittle fracture increases. As the rotational speed increases, the grinding force between the tool and the workpiece gradually decreases and results in an improvement in the surface quality of the workpiece. As the feed rate increases, the surface roughness increases by 16.76%, the width of the edge breakage increases by 109.19%, and the thickness of the edge breakage increases by 104.49%.
Commercial higher education strategies for recruiting international students in China: a catalyst or obstacle for sustainable education and learning?
Authors: Zhou Lei , Alam Gazi Mahabubul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this modern era of commercialized higher education, learning and qualifications have become the essential commodities that drive nations’ economic progress. Free market principles related to consumerism appear to dictate and shape the operational framework of higher education. While a market-driven strategy may yield benefits in promoting the internationalization of higher education, it could potentially come at the expense of sustainable development of universities and proper learning. Employing a qualitative method, this study explores whether the commercialized nature and marketing of internationalized higher education contributes to or hinders its viability. It does this by comparing the practices between a Double First-Class university and a non-Double First-Class university. Findings underscore the need for more attention to be paid to creating a sustainable higher education system. Colleges and universities should strategically rebrand themselves by innovating their management and teaching systems to foster more competent international human resources, leading to sustainable universities and better prepared international students.
Remote sensing insights into ocean fronts: a literature review
Authors: Yang Yuting , Ju Yakun , Gao Ying , Zhang Cong , Lam Kin-Man 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBy providing valuable data that allow scientists to study various oceanographic characteristics on a global scale, remote sensing techniques have considerably advanced our understanding of ocean fronts. Ocean fronts involve the interaction of water masses with specific physical properties such as temperature, sea color, salinity, and density. In particular, ocean fronts can act as barriers, impeding the movement of water masses and leading to the convergence or divergence of nutrients and marine species. Research on ocean fronts and their impact on marine biodiversity and physical environments has recently become popular. This paper introduces ocean front research progress based on remote sensing images, including research material, methods, limitations, and possible future research directions. The latest research on spatiotemporal variation in ocean fronts has substantially enhanced our understanding of the interaction of water masses with specific physical properties in the ocean.
Ten pillars for the expansion of health system infection prevention capacity
Authors: Sturm Lisa K. , Jacobs Tina R. , Fakih Mohamad G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated changes in health care across the nation. Particularly, infection prevention programs have been subjected to pressures and increased responsibilities with no expansion in support. In addition, there is a rapid trend for health systems to merge to ensure long term sustainability. Based on our experience leading infection prevention at one of the largest health systems in the United States, we outline how systems can provide and increase capacity to optimize and enhance the hospital level infection prevention programs and outcomes. In this commentary, “Ten Pillars for the Expansion of Health System Infection Prevention Capacity” we offer 10 categories of what we have found to establish a successful and functioning infection prevention program. The pillars to support the infection prevention programs focus on structure, processes, empowerment, and partnerships, and the elements and strategies that comprise them.
Structural, point-free, non-Hausdorff topological realization of Borel groupoid actions
Authors: Chen Ruiyuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We extend the Becker–Kechris topological realization and change-of-topology theorems for Polish group actions in several directions. For Polish group actions, we prove a single result that implies the original Becker–Kechris theorems, as well as Sami’s and Hjorth’s sharpenings adapted levelwise to the Borel hierarchy; automatic continuity of Borel actions via homeomorphisms and the equivalence of ‘potentially open’ versus ‘orbitwise open’ Borel sets. We also characterize ‘potentially open’ n-ary relations, thus yielding a topological realization theorem for invariant Borel first-order structures. We then generalize to groupoid actions and prove a result subsuming Lupini’s Becker–Kechris-type theorems for open Polish groupoids, newly adapted to the Borel hierarchy, as well as topological realizations of actions on fiberwise topological bundles and bundles of first-order structures.
Our proof method is new even in the classical case of Polish groups and is based entirely on formal algebraic properties of category quantifiers; in particular, we make no use of either metrizability or the strong Choquet game. Consequently, our proofs work equally well in the non-Hausdorff context, for open quasi-Polish groupoids and more generally in the point-free context, for open localic groupoids.
Wake of two tandem square cylinders
Authors: Zhou Yu , Hao Jingcheng , Alam Md. Mahbub 
Published: March 2024

The wake of two tandem square cylinders of identical width (d) is experimentally studied, with a view to understanding the dependence of the flow structure, aerodynamics forces and Strouhal number on the centre-to-centre spacing ratio L/d and Reynolds number Re, where L is the distance between the cylinder centres. Extensive measurements are carried out, using hot-wire, particle imaging velocimetry, laser-induced fluorescence flow visualization, surface-oil-flow visualization and surface pressure scanning techniques, for L/d = 1.0 ~ 5.0 and Re ≡ U∞d/ν = 2.8 × (103 ~ 104), where U∞ is the free-stream velocity and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. The flow is classified into four regimes, i.e. the extended-body (L/d ≤ 1.5–2.0), reattachment (1.5–2.0 < L/d < 2.7–3.2), co-shedding (L/d ≥ 3.0–3.4) and transition (2.7 ≤ L/d ≤ 3.3) where both reattachment and co-shedding phenomena may take place. The mean drag and fluctuating drag and lift exhibit distinct features for different flow regimes, which is fully consistent with the proposed flow classification. Comparison is made between this flow and the wake of two tandem circular cylinders, which provides valuable insight into the profound effect of the flow separation point and the presence of sharp corners on the flow development and classification.
L’udovít Štúr’s Plebeian Ethos of Resistance in the 1840s
Authors: Gluchman Vasil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe author examines Ľudovít Štúr (1815–1856), the main representative of the Slovak national movement in the 1840s, and his personal ethos in the struggle for the rights and freedom of the Slovak ethnic group. Štúr paid great attention to the development of the ethnic, social, and political awareness of Slovaks. In this effort, the Slovenskje národňje novini (Slovak National Newspaper) played an important role, through which Štúr and the representatives of the Slovak national movement shaped and spread its social and political program, the aim of which was both the fight against the national oppression of the Slovaks, but also the achievement of equal rights for the Slovak ethnic group in Hungary and the Habsburg Monarchy.
Shariʿa and Governance in Ottoman Egypt: The Waqf Controversy in the Mid-Sixteenth Century
Authors: Atçıl Abdurrahman , Markiewicz Christopher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the mid-16th century, the Ottoman government sought to expand its tax revenue from Egypt through a controversial initiative to levy taxes on endowments (waqf). The controversy produced a diverse range of responses from Ottoman scholar-bureaucrats, such as Ebussuud Efendi, who supported the initiative; Egyptian scholars, including Ibn Nujaym and al-Ghayti, who opposed it; and the Ottoman governor, who worked to resolve it. Despite the opposing positions of the diverse actors, shariʿa served as the common medium for the articulation and negotiation of their opinions and helped produce a compromise that became foundational for the Ottoman tax regime in Egypt. In this episode, shariʿa constituted an instrument of governance. Such a role for shariʿa differs from its conception as an autonomous field of scholarly interpretation, or the understanding of it as an inclusive normative system encompassing rules emerging from both the interpretative activities of scholars and the definitive edicts and orders of rulers. Shariʿa did not constitute the endpoint of rulemaking; rather, it provided the shared language of terms and concepts through which different actors participated in the process of formulating rules.
The Resort to Emergency Policing to Control Gang Violence in Jamaica: Making the Exception the Rule
Authors: Campbell Yonique , Harriott Anthony 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article critically examines reasons for the persistent use of states of emergency (SOEs) as a tool of crime control in Jamaica and risks associated with normalising these measures in small, low-capacity, competitive democracies in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We attend to the question of permanent SOEs as an issue of law and certain policing methods becoming normalised. This differs from scholars who think about the use of permanent SOEs as suspension of law or executive rule and make a clear distinction between law and violence and normalcy and emergency. Our findings show that persistent usage of SOEs in Jamaica reflects the incapacity of the state to control violent crime as well as its effort to strengthen its coercive capabilities and compensate for the ineffectiveness of the police. It is also a response to public demand for SOE policing. State strengthening is a necessary condition for a more peaceful and law-abiding society but is also a carrier of risks of democratic degeneration via rights-disregarding policing. Nonetheless, we have seen authoritarian management of crime without descent into authoritarianism, in general, and strong boundary-marking and patrolling by some state-oversight institutions that enjoy the support of civil society.