bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a caudal external thoracic artery axial pattern flap for treatment of sternal cutaneous wounds in birds
Authors: Ferrell Shannon T. , Cock Hilde E.V. De , Graham Jennifer E. , Kass Philip H. , Tell Lisa A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the use of a caudal external thoracic artery axial pattern flap to treat sternal cutaneous wounds in birds.Animals—16 adult Japanese quail.Procedure—A cutaneous defect in the region of the mid-sternum was surgically created in all quail. In 6 quail (group I), an axial pattern flap was created from the skin of the lateral aspect of the thorax and advanced over the sternal defect. In 8 quail (group II), a flap was similarly created and advanced but the flap vasculature was ligated. All quail were euthanatized at 14 days after surgery and had necropsies performed. Sections of the flap and the surrounding tissue were examined histologically to assess flap viability.Results—All axial pattern flaps in group-I quail had 100% survival. In group II, mean percentage area of flap survival was 62.5%; mean area of necrosis and dermal fibrosis of flaps were significantly greater than that detected in group I. In flaps of group-II quail, neovascularization in the deep dermis and profound necrosis of the vascular plexus in the superficial dermis were observed.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the caudal external thoracic artery axial pattern flap could be used successfully in the treatment of surgically created sternal cutaneous defects in quail with no signs of tissue necrosis or adverse effects overall. Use of this technique to treat selfmutilation syndromes or application after surgical debulking of tumors or other masses might be beneficial in many avian species. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:497–502)
In vitro effects and in vivo efficacy of a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in dogs with experimentally induced synovitis
Authors: McCann Margaret E. , Andersen Donald R. , Zhang Donghui , Brideau Christine , Black W. Cameron , Hanson Peter D. , Hickey Gerard J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo efficacy of ML-1,785,713 in dogs.Animals—21 healthy male and female mixed-breed dogs and 24 healthy male Beagles.Procedure—Selectivity of ML-1,785,713 for inhibiting COX-2 was determined by comparing the potency for inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with that of COX-2 in canine blood. Pharmacokinetic properties were determined after IV (2 mg/kg) and oral (8 mg/kg) administration in female mixed-breed dogs. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in male mixed-breed dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. Prophylactic efficacy was evaluated by administering ML-1,785,713 two hours before induction of synovitis whereas therapeutic efficacy was determined by administering ML-1,785,713 one hour after induction of synovitis.Results—Blood concentrations that resulted in 50% inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity in vitro were 119.1µM and 0.31µM, respectively, and selectivity ratio for inhibiting COX-2 relative to COX-1 was 384. ML-1,785,713 had high oral bioavailability (101%), low systemic clearance (7.7 mL/min/kg), and an elimination half-life of 5.9 hours. ML-1,785,713 was efficacious when administered prophylactically and therapeutically to dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—ML-1,785,713 is a novel, potent COX-2 inhibitor that is the most selective COX-2 inhibitor described for use in dogs to date. ML-1,785,713 has oral bioavailability and low systemic clearance that is comparable to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is effective after prophylactic and therapeutic administration in attenuating lameness in dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. Drugs that specifically inhibit COX-2 and not COX-1 at therapeutic doses may have an improved tolerability profile, compared with nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:503–512)
Cloning and sequencing of the canine and feline cardiac troponin I genes
Authors: Rishniw Mark , Barr Stephen C. , Simpson Kenny W. , Winand Nena J. , Wootton Joyce A.M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the gene sequences of
canine and feline cardiac troponin I (cTnI), express the
protein from the cloned gene in vitro, and validate the
use of a commercial cTnI serum analyzer in these
species via detection of the expressed protein or
comparison of sequence homology.

Sample Population—Samples of ventricular
myocardium from 5 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs
and 5 healthy adult domestic shorthair cats.

Procedure—The RNA was extracted from myocardial
samples, and cDNA was synthesized via reverse transcriptase
polymerase chain reaction and sequenced.
The canine cDNA for the coding region was
expressed in cell culture and analyzed by western blot
and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results—Canine and feline cTnI genes were cloned
and sequenced. Homology of the nucleotide and
amino acid sequences of the canine and feline cTnI
genes with human and rodent cTnI genes were high;
the greatest homology was detected between canine
and feline genes (95% and 96%, respectively).
Recombinant canine cTnI protein was detected by a
commercial serum cTnI analyzer and by western blot
analysis.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated
that commercial cTnI analyzers can be used to
measure serum cTnI concentration from dogs and
cats. Additionally, our preliminary characterization of
the feline cTnI gene may facilitate further investigation
of cTnI and its role in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
in cats. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:53–58)
Three-dimensional motion pattern of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral column of dogs
Authors: Benninger Monika I. , Seiler Gabriela S. , Robinson Leanne E. , Ferguson Stephen J. , Bonél Harald M. , Busato André R. , Lang Johann 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the 3-dimensional motion pattern including main and coupled motions of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral column of dogs.Animals—Vertebral columns of 9 German Shepherd Dogs (GSDs) and 16 dogs of other breeds with similar body weights and body conditions .Procedure—Main and coupled motions of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral column (L4 to S1) were determined by use of a testing apparatus that permitted precise application of known pure moments to the vertebral column. Motion was compared between GSDs and dogs of other breeds.Results—All specimens had a similar motion pattern consisting of main motion and a certain amount of coupled motion including translation. Vertebral columns of GSDs had significantly less main motion in all directions than that of dogs of other breeds. Translation was similar in GSDs and dogs of other breeds and was smallest at the lumbosacral motion segment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that motion in the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral column of dogs is complex and provided a basis for further studies evaluating abnormal vertebral columns. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:544–552)
Histomorphologic and morphometric evaluation of the uterine horns in nulliparous and multiparous Beagles
Authors: Augsburger Heinz R. , Kürzi Marcel 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To macroscopically, histomorphologically,
and morphometrically compare uterine tissues
obtained from nulliparous and multiparous dogs.

Animals—12 dogs constituting 2 homogenous
groups (7 nulliparous Beagles and 5 multiparous
Beagles, each of which had at least 7 pregnancies).

Procedure—Serum concentrations of progesterone
and estradiol-17β were determined. Samples of uterine
tissues were fixed, embedded in paraffin, and cut
into serial cross sections. Morphometric analysis was
performed on systematically selected trichromestained
sections.

Results—Mean absolute volume of the uterine wall
did not differ between groups. Volume of blood vessels
was significantly higher and relative mean value
for myometrial connective tissue was significantly
lower in the multiparous dogs. Arteries in the
myometrium of multiparous dogs had pronounced
thickening of the intima (ie, pregnancy sclerosis) and
a concomitant thinning of the smooth muscle layer
(tunica media). Furthermore, the elastica interna of
these arteries appeared to be disintegrating and was
highly and irregularly folded. Adventitia of the myometrial
veins in multiparous dogs contained numerous
layers of elastic fibers; however, only a few layers
were observed in the adventitia of corresponding
veins in nulliparous dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this study,
we documented that in contrast to other species, the
uterus of nonpregnant dogs does not increase in size
and volume even after at least 7 pregnancies.
Furthermore, sclerotic alterations of uterine arteries
are proof of at least 1 pregnancy. Results of this study
may be useful in the evaluation of uterine diseases.
( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:552–558)
Quantification, repeatability, and reproducibility of feline radial and longitudinal left ventricular velocities by tissue Doppler imaging
Authors: Chetboul Valérie , Athanassiadis Nicolas , Carlos Carolina , Nicolle Audrey P. , Tissier Renaud , Pouchelon Jean-Louis , Concordet Didier , Lefebvre Hervé P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To measure the radial and longitudinal velocities of several myocardial segments of the left ventricular wall by use of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in healthy cats and determine the repeatability and reproducibility of the technique.Animals—6 healthy cats.Procedure—72 TDI examinations were performed on 4 days by the same trained observer. Radial parameters included left endocardial and epicardial myocardial velocities. Longitudinal parameters included left basal, middle, and apical myocardial velocities.Results—All velocity profiles had 1 positive systolic wave (S) and 2 negative diastolic waves (E and A). Myocardial velocities were higher in the endocardial than epicardial segments during the entire cardiac cycle (systolic wave S, 4.4 ± 0.82 and 1.9 ± 0.55; diastolic wave E, 9.7 ± 1.70 and 2.2 ± 0.74; and diastolic wave A, 5.1 ± 1.56 and 1.4 ± 0.76, respectively). Velocities were also higher in the basal than in the apical segments (systolic wave S, 4.7 ± 0.76 and 0.2 ± 0.11; diastolic wave E, 9.7 ± 1.36 and 0.5 ± 0.17; and diastolic wave A, 3.7 ± 1.51 and 0.2 ± 0.13, respectively). The lowest within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were observed in endocardial segments (8.2% and 6.5% for systolic wave S and diastolic wave E, respectively) and in the basal segment in protodiastole (5.5%).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Repeatability and reproducibility of TDI were adequate for measurement of longitudinal and radial left ventricular motion in healthy awake cats. Validation of TDI is a prerequisite before this new technique can be recommended for clinical use. (Am J Vet Res2004; 65:566–572)
Assessment of apoptosis in epidermal lamellar cells in clinically normal horses and those with laminitis
Authors: Faleiros Rafael R. , Stokes Ashley M. , Eades Susan C. , Kim Dae Young , Paulsen Daniel B. , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine and compare the number, type, location, and distribution of apoptotic epidermal cells in the laminae of clinically normal horses and horses with laminitis.Sample Population—Formalin-fixed samples of digital lamellar tissue from 47 horses (including clinically normal horses [controls; n = 7], horses with acute [4] and chronic [7] naturally acquired laminitis, and horses with black walnut extract-induced [11] or carbohydrate overload-induced [18] laminitis).Procedure—Blocks of paraffin-embedded lamellar tissues were stained for DNA fragmentation with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Differential immunohistochemical staining for caspases 3 and 14 were used to confirm apoptosis.Results—The number of TUNEL-positive epidermal cells per 0.1 mm of primary laminae was significantly greater in the acute laminitis group than in the other groups. In the acute laminitis group, there were 17 and 1,025 times as many TUNEL-positive basal layer cells and keratinocytes, respectively, compared with the control group. Apoptosis of TUNEL-positive basal layer cells was confirmed by results of caspase 3 immunohistochemical staining. The TUNEL-positive keratinocytes did not stain for caspases 3 or 14.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The large number of apoptotic basal layer cells detected in the lamellar tissue of horses with acute naturally acquired laminitis suggests that apoptosis may be important in the development of acute laminitis. The role of the large number of TUNEL-positive keratinocytes detected in the interface of primary and secondary epidermal laminae of horses with acute laminitis remains to be elucidated. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:578–585)
Effect of dietary soy on serum thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy adult cats
Authors: White Heidi L. , Freeman Lisa M. , Mahony Orla , Graham, Peter A. , Hao Qin , Court Michael H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare effects of short-term administration of a soy diet with those of a soy-free diet on serum thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy adult cats.Animals—18 healthy adult cats.Procedure—Cats were randomly assigned to receive either a soy or soy-free diet for 3 months each in a crossover design. Assays included CBC, serum biochemical profile, thyroid hormone analysis, and measurement of urinary isoflavone concentrations.Results—Genistein, a major soy isoflavone, was identified in the urine of 10 of 18 cats prior to dietary intervention. Compared with the soy-free diet, cats that received the soy diet had significantly higher total thyroxine (T4) and free T4(fT4) concentrations, but unchanged total triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. The T3/fT4ratio was also significantly lower in cats that received the soy diet. Although the magnitudes of the increases were small (8% for T4and 14% for fT4), these changes resulted in an increased proportion of cats (from 1/18 to 4/18) that had fT4values greater than the upper limit of the laboratory reference range. There was no significant effect of diet on any other measured parameter.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Short-term administration of dietary soy has a measurable although modest effect on thyroid hormone homeostasis in cats. Increase in T4concentration relative to T3concentration may result from inhibition of 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase or enhanced T3clearance. Soy is a common dietary component that increases serum T4concentration in cats. (Am J Vet Res2004; 65:586–591)
Evaluation of leukocyte cell surface markers in dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Welle Molly , Mortiz Andreas , Walcheck Bruce 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether functional alterations in neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes are a consistent finding in dogs with inflammatory disease.Animals—40 healthy dogs, 30 dogs with nonseptic inflammatory diseases, 25 dogs with septic inflammation, and 8 dogs with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) secondary to sepsis.Procedure—Neutrophil size and granularity; expression of cell surface molecules including CD18, CD11b, and mature neutrophil antigen on neutrophils; and major histocompatability antigen class II (MHC class II) expression on monocytes and lymphocytes were evaluated by use of flow cytometry. Neutrophil size and granularity were evaluated by use of forwardangle versus side-angle light scatterplots. Leukocytes were labeled with monoclonal antibodies to quantify surface expression of leukocyte antigens.Results—Dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammatory diseases and MODS had an increase in percentage of neutrophils with increased size; dogs with septic inflammation and MODS had a greater percentage of neutrophils with decreased granularity. Dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammation and MODS had a low expression of CD18 and mature neutrophil antigen. Dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammation had an increase in CD11b expression. Monocytes from dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammation and MODS had a low expression of CD18. Monocytes and lymphocytes from dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammation and MODS had a low expression of MHC class II.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Neutrophils from dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammation circulate in an activated state, and some dogs have decreased MHC class II expression. Many dogs with MODS have a compensatory anti-inflammatory response that may compromise their responses to antimicrobials. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:59–63)
Identification and concentration of soy phytoestrogens in commercial dog foods
Authors: Cerundolo Rosario , Court Michael H. , Hao Qin , Michel Kathryn E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To identify and determine the concentrations
of phytoestrogens in commercial dog foods.

Sample Population—24 commercial dog foods,
including 12 moist or dry extruded commercial dog
foods that contained soybeans or soybean fractions
and 12 foods without any soybean–related ingredients
listed on the label.

Procedure—Foods were analyzed for phytoestrogen
content, including 4 isoflavones (genistein, glycitein,
daidzein, and biochanin A), 1 coumestan (coumestrol),
and 2 lignans (secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol) by
use of acid-methanol hydrolysis and high-pressure liquid
chromatography with UV-absorbance detection.
Phytoestrogens were identified and quantified by reference
to authentic standards.

Results—Isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans were
undetectable in diets that did not list soybean–related
ingredients on the label. Only 1 of the 12 diets that
included soybean or soybean fractions had undetectable
concentrations of phytoestrogens and that
product contained soy fiber. The major phytoestrogens
were the isoflavones daidzein (24 to 615 µg/g of
dry matter) and genistein (4 to 238 µg/g of dry matter).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Soybean and
soybean fractions are commonly used ingredients in
commercial dog foods. Dietary intake of phytoestrogens
may have both beneficial and deleterious health
effects. Our results indicated that certain commercial
dog foods contain phytoestrogens in amounts that
could have biological effects when ingested longterm.
( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:592–596)
Comparison of abomasal luminal gas pressure and volume and perfusion of the abomasum in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum or abomasal volvulus
Authors: Wittek Thomas , Constable Peter D. , Fürll Manfred 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare abomasal luminal gas pressure and volume and perfusion of the abomasum in dairy cows with a left displaced abomasum (LDA) or abomasal volvulus (AV).Animals—40 lactating dairy cows (25 with an LDA and 15 with an AV).Procedure—Abomasal luminal gas pressure and volume and pulse oximetry values for the caudal portion of the dorsal ruminal sac and abomasal wall were measured during laparotomy. Abomasal perfusion was assessed on the basis of abomasal O2saturation (pulse oximetry) before correction of the LDA or AV. Abomasal perfusion was also assessed after correction of the LDA or AV by measuring venous O2saturation in the right gastroepiploic vein and calculating the abomasal oxygen-extraction ratio.Results—Abomasal luminal gas pressure and volume were higher in cattle with an AV than in cattle with an LDA. Abomasal O2saturation was lower and abomasal oxygen-extraction ratio higher in cattle with an AV, compared with values in cattle with an LDA. In cows with an AV, lactate concentration in the gastroepiploic vein was greater than that in a jugular vein, whereas no difference in lactate concentrations was detected in cows with an LDA. Abomasal luminal gas pressure was positively correlated (r, 0.51) with plasma lactate concentration in the gastroepiploic vein and negatively correlated (r, –0.32) with abomasal O2saturation determined by use of pulse oximetry.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Abomasal perfusion decreases as luminal pressure increases in cattle with an AV or LDA. (Am J Vet Res2004; 65:597–603)
Effects of dietary sodium chloride intake on renal function and blood pressure in cats with normal and reduced renal function
Authors: Buranakarl Chollada , Mathur Sheerin , Brown Scott A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of variations in dietary intake of sodium chloride (NaCl) on systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP) in cats with normal and reduced renal function.Animals—21 adult cats (7 with intact kidneys [control cats; group C], 7 with unilateral renal infarction with contralateral nephrectomy [remnant-kidney model; group RK], and 7 with unilateral renal infarction and contralateral renal wrapping and concurrent oral administration of amlodipine [remnant-wrap model; group WA]).Procedure—All cats were sequentially fed 3 diets that differed only in NaCl content (50, 100, or 200 mg of Na/kg); each diet was fed for 7 days. The ABP was recorded continuously by radiotelemetry, and renal function (glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) was determined on the sixth day of each feeding period.Results—Dietary supplementation with NaCl did not affect ABP, but it increased GFR in groups C and WA. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis was activated in groups RK and WA at the lowest NaCl intake, but supplementation with NaCl suppressed this activation in group WA. The lowest NaCl intake was associated with hypokalemia and a high fractional excretion of potassium that decreased in response to supplementation with NaCl. Arterial baroreceptor resetting was evident after chronic hypertension but was not modified by dietary supplementation with NaCl.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Low NaCl intake was associated with inappropriate kaliuresis, reduced GFR, and activation of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone axis without evidence of a beneficial effect on ABP. Therefore, this common dietary maneuver could contribute to hypokalemic nephropathy and progressive renal injury in cats. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:620–627)
Determination of specific receptor sites for platelet activating factor in bovine neutrophils
Authors: Burgos Rafael A. , Hidalgo María A. , Matthei Sabine M. , Hermosilla Ricardo , Folch Hugo , Hancke Juan L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify and characterize a platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor in bovine neutrophils by use of radioligand binding, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and western blot analysis.Animals—4 healthy adult cows.Procedure—Bovine neutrophil membranes were isolated for association, dissociation, and saturation binding experiments with PAF labeled with hydrogen 3 (3H-PAF). The RT-PCR assay was performed with appropriate human primers, and western blot analysis was developed with a polyclonal antibody obtained from a peptide of bovine PAF receptor.Results—Analysis of kinetic binding data supported a single class of PAF receptor. Binding of3H-PAF to membrane preparations was selectively displaced by PAF and a nonhydrolyzable analogue of guanine triphosphate (Gpp[NH]p) and by lyso-PAF (a biologically inactive analogue of PAF) to a lesser extent. Among other PAF receptor antagonists, 14-deoxyandrographolide and WEB 2086 were the most effective in inhibiting3H-PAF binding sites in neutrophil membranes; 2 lignans, schisandrin-A and γ-schisandrin were also effective, but 2 gingkolides (BN52020 and BN52021) only mildly inhibited3H-PAF binding. Results of RT-PCR assay and western blot analysis of neutrophil crude membranes confirmed the presence of a PAF receptor.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that bovine neutrophils express only 1 type of PAF receptor, and it is likely that this receptor is involved in inflammatory responses. The most effective PAF antagonists were 14-deoxyandrographolide and WEB 2086; these PAF antagonists may be potentially useful in the treatment of inflammatory processes in cattle. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:628–636)