bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and genetic variation in Egregia menziesii over a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Henkel Sarah K. , Hofmann Gretchen E. , Whitmer Allison C. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
This study characterized morphological variation in the kelp, Egregia menziesii, over a large geographic scale. Marked differences in rachis and lateral blade morphology were observed, suggesting local adaptation to the variable conditions of wave exposure and upwelling found across the study area. Observations of rachis type at different developmental stages indicated differential survivorship of smooth versus papillated individuals at sites with differing wave exposure. Variations in Egregia morphology have long been recognized and were previously used for discriminating species within the genus; thus, we tested the hypothesis that the different morphological forms reflect genetically distinct populations. Nucleotide sequences of the ITS regions did not reveal genetic structure among three, morphologically distinct populations providing little evidence for speciation in Egregia.
Genetically Manipulated Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells with Immune Regulatory Function
Authors: Senju Satoru , Suemori Hirofumi , Zembutsu Hitoshi , Uemura Yasushi , Hirata Shinya , Fukuma Daiki , Matsuyoshi Hidetake , Shimomura Manami , Haruta Miwa , Fukushima Satoshi , Matsunaga Yusuke , Katagiri Toyomasa , Nakamura Yusuke , Furuya Masataka , Nakatsuji Norio , Nishimura Yasuharu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Genetically manipulated dendritic cells (DC) are considered to be a promising means for antigen-specific immune therapy. This study reports the generation, characterization, and genetic modification of DC derived from human embryonic stem (ES) cells. The human ES cell-derived DC (ES-DC) expressed surface molecules typically expressed by DC and had the capacities to stimulate allogeneic T lymphocytes and to process and present protein antigen in the context of histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecule. Genetic modification of human ES-DC can be accomplished without the use of viral vectors, by the introduction of expression vector plasmids into undifferentiated ES cells by electroporation and subsequent induction of differentiation of the transfectant ES cell clones to ES-DC. ES-DC introduced with invariant chain-based antigen-presenting vectors by this procedure stimulated HLA-DR-restricted antigen-specific T cells in the absence of exogenous antigen. Forced expression of programmed death-1-ligand-1 in ES-DC resulted in the reduction of the proliferative response of allogeneic T cells cocultured with the ES-DC. Generation and genetic modification of ES-DC from nonhuman primate (cynomolgus monkey) ES cells was also achieved by the currently established method. ES-DC technology is therefore considered to be a novel means for immune therapy.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Donor-Derived Human Bone Marrow Cells Contribute to Solid Organ Cancers Developing After Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Avital Itzhak , Moreira Andre L. , Klimstra David S. , Leversha Margaret , Papadopoulos Esperanza B. , Brennan Murray , Downey Robert J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Bone marrow-derived stem cells have been shown to participate in solid organ repair after tissue injury. Animal models suggest that epithelial malignancies may arise as aberrant stem cell differentiation during tissue repair. We hypothesized that if bone marrow stem cells participate in human neoplasia, then solid organ cancers developing after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) might include malignant cells of donor origin. We identified four male patients who developed solid organ cancers (lung adenocarcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and Kaposi sarcoma) after myeloablation, total body irradiation, and ABMT from female donors. Donor-derived malignant cells comprised 2.5%–6% of the tumor cellularity The presence of donor-derived malignant cells in solid organ cancers suggests that human bone marrow-derived stem cells have a role in solid organ cancer's carcinogenesis. However, the nature of this role is yet to be defined.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Concise Review: Human Umbilical Cord Stroma with Regard to the Source of Fetus-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Can Alp , Karahuseyinoglu Sercin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHuman umbilical cord (UC) has been a tissue of increasing interest in recent years. Many groups have shown the stem cell potency of stromal cells isolated from the human UC mesenchymal tissue, namely, Wharton's jelly. Since UC is a postnatal organ discarded after birth, the collection of cells does not require an invasive procedure with ethical concerns. Stromal cells, as the dominant cells of this fetus-derived tissue, possess multipotent properties between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. They bear a relatively higher proliferation rate and self-renewal capacity. Although they share common surface markers with bone marrow-derived MSCs, they also express certain embryonic stem cell markers, albeit in low levels. Without any spontaneous differentiation, they can be successfully differentiated into mature adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, skeletal myocytes, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and endothelial cells. While causing no immunorejection reaction, they effectively function in vivo as dopaminergic neurons, myocytes, and endothelial cells. Given these characteristics, particularly the plasticity and developmental flexibility, UC stromal cells are now considered an alternative source of stem cells and deserve to be examined in long-term clinical trials. This review first aims to document the published findings so far regarding the nature of human UC stroma with special emphasis on the spatial distribution and functional structure of stromal cells and matrix, which serves as a niche for residing cells, and, secondly, to assess the in vitro and in vivo experiments in which differential stem cell potencies were evaluated.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
A photo, a suggestion, a false memory
Authors: Strange Deryn , Hayne Harlene , Garry Maryanne 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe examined the effect of photographs on children's memories for events that did and did not happen. Over three interviews, 10‐year olds saw three true photos and one false photo. Half the children saw a doctored photo of themselves and other family members in a hot air balloon, while the remaining half saw only the hot air balloon. At each interview, children reported what they could remember about each event, rated their confidence that the events really happened and rated how much they could remember. Children who saw the photo showing themselves in the balloon developed more false memories than those who saw only the balloon, but when children in either condition developed false memories, they were equally confident that the event was real. These data highlight a potential problem with the use of photographs as tools in therapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the ability of multiphase continuum models to predict core‐annulus flow
Authors: Benyahia Sofiane , Syamlal Madhava , O'Brien Thomas J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe use the well established core‐annulus flow regime as a numerical benchmark to evaluate the sensitivity of gas–solids continuum models and boundary conditions to model formalisms and parameters. By using transient, 1D, grid‐independent numerical solutions, we avoid the use of speculative closure terms and show that the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) is sufficient to model core‐annulus regime. That regime arises in the time‐average solution as a consequence of the fluctuating motion of regions with high solids concentration. These fluctuations are most sensitive to the gravitational acceleration (g) and granular energy dissipation terms. The fluctuation frequency is α
$ \sqrt g $. The effect of fluctuations is so dominant that decreasing the restitution coefficient (KTGF parameter) actually increases the average granular temperature. The wall boundary conditions for solids momentum and granular energy equations dictate the core‐annulus flow regime. They must cause a net dissipation of granular energy at the wall for predicting that regime. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
A preliminary study of food transfer in sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Su Yanjie , Chan Raymond C. K. , Reimann Giselle 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFood transfer happens regularly in a few nonhuman primates species that are also characterized by remarkable social tolerance. Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana), or golden monkeys, which exhibit high social tolerance in their social relationships are thus of interest to see whether tolerance would extend to food transfer. In this study, branch feeding activity was observed in a semi‐captive group of Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys, which consisted of 10 subjects that included a one‐male unit (OMU) and an all‐male unit (AMU). We recorded 1,275 food interactions over 27 days, and 892 instances of food transfer. The most commonly observed types of food transfer behavior were co‐feeding (62.1%) and relaxed claim (22.8%). Of 892 food transfers, 756 (84.8%) took place in the OMU, most of which were among adults (34.7%) and among juveniles (42.1%). The transfer success rate was high in both the cases (87.9% for adults and 78.9% for juveniles). Food transfer in the AMU took place less often than that among adults in the OMU though with similar high transfer success. Food transfer between the OMU and AMU was limited to juvenile males from the OMU and adults from the AMU. These results provide the first evidence of food transfer in golden monkeys and suggest that tolerant social relationships in golden monkeys make transfer possible. Am. J. Primatol. 70:148–152, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant defense system of recirculation‐cultured Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Wang Hai‐Ying , Zeng Xiao‐Bo , Guo Si‐Yuan , Li Zong‐Tao 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLittle is known about the influence of magnetic fields (MF) on growth of microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris, which has been consumed as health food for various nutritional and pharmacological effects. This preliminary study investigated whether static MF can modulate the antioxidant system in C. vulgaris by exposing the cells to static MF generated by dual yoke electromagnets with magnetic flux density of 10–50 mT for 12 h. After exposure to 10–35 mT for 12 h, the activity of superoxide dismutases and peroxidase increased significantly compared to control cells. However, a remarkable increase of catalase activity occurred at 45 and 50 mT. The lipid peroxidation of algae cells determined by production of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances was much increased when exposed to 35, 45, and 50 mT of MF. The scavenging ability of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical was decreased markedly while there was no variation of total carotenoids content in C. vulgaris cells. Assay of specific growth rate in 72 h cultivation after MF exposure was also conducted. In groups after exposure to 10–35 mT of MF, specific growth rate was significantly increased. These results suggest that 10–35 mT of static MF exposure could promote the growth of C. vulgaris and regulate its antioxidant defense system to protect cells efficiently, which could possibly enhance the growth of C. vulgaris in industrialized cultivation by MF. Bioelectromagnetics 29:39–46, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical Nanosensor Design with Uniform Pore Geometry and Large Particle Morphology
Authors: El‐Safty Sherif A. , Ismail Adel A. , Matsunaga Hideyuki , Mizukami Fujio 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAppropriate design of nanosensors for optically selective, sensitive sensing systems is needed for naked‐eye detection of pollutants for environmental cleanup of toxic heavy‐metal ions. Mesostructured materials with two‐ or three‐dimensional (2D or 3D) geometries and large particle morphologies show promise as probe carriers, and can therefore be used to reproducibly fabricate uniformly packed nanosensors. This is the first report on the effects of significant key properties of the mesostructured carriers, such as morphology, geometry, and pore shape, on the functionality of optical nanosensor designs. Such mesostructured sensors with superior physical characteristics can be used as components in sensing systems with excellent stability and sensitivity, and with rapid detection response. The nanosensor design can enhance the selectivity even at low concentrations of the pollutant target ions (nanomolar level). Among the nanosensors developed here, the large pore‐surface grains of highly ordered 3D monoliths (HOM) exhibited a high adsorption capability of the Pyrogallol Red probe and high accessibility to analyte ion transport, leading to possible naked‐eye detection of SbIII ions at concentrations as low as 10−9 mol dm−3 and at a wide detection range of 0.5 ppb to 3 ppm. A key finding in our study was that our mesostructured nanosensor designs retained highly efficient sensitivity without a significant increase in kinetic hindrance, despite the slight decrease of the specific activity of the electron acceptor/donor strength of the probe functional group after several regeneration/reuse cycles. The results, in general, indicate that large‐scale reversibility of optical nanosensors is feasible in such metal‐ion sensing systems.
Ring Opening of the Cyclobutane in a Thymine Dimer Radical Anion
Authors: Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Guerra Maurizio , Kaloudis Panagiotis , Houée‐Lévin Chantal , Marignier Jean‐Louis , Swaminathan Vijay N. , Carell Thomas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe reactions of hydrated electrons (eaq−) with thymine dimer 2 and thymidine have been investigated by radiolytic methods coupled with product studies, and addressed computationally by means of BB1K‐HMDFT calculations. Pulse radiolysis revealed that one‐electron reduction of the thymine dimer 2 affords the radical anion of thymidine (5) with t1/2<35 ns. Indeed, the theoretical study suggests that radical anion 3, in which the spin density and charge distribution are located in both thymine rings, undergoes a fast partially ionic splitting of the cyclobutane with a half‐life of a few ps. This model fits with the in vivo observation of thymine dimer repair in DNA by photolyase. γ‐Radiolysis of thymine dimer 2 demonstrates that the one‐electron reduction and the subsequent cleavage of the cyclobutane ring does not proceed by means of a radical chain mechanism, that is, in this model reaction the T−. is unable to transfer an electron to the thymine dimer 2.
Functional Classification of Protein Kinase Binding Sites Using Cavbase
Authors: Kuhn Daniel , Weskamp Nils , Hüllermeier Eyke , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIncreasingly, drug‐discovery processes focus on complete gene families. Tools for analyzing similarities and differences across protein families are important for the understanding of key functional features of proteins. Herein we present a method for classifying protein families on the basis of the properties of their active sites. We have developed Cavbase, a method for describing and comparing protein binding pockets, and show its application to the functional classification of the binding pockets of the protein family of protein kinases. A diverse set of kinase cavities is mutually compared and analyzed in terms of recurring functional recognition patterns in the active sites. We are able to propose a relevant classification based on the binding motifs in the active sites. The obtained classification provides a novel perspective on functional properties across protein space. The classification of the MAP and the c‐Abl kinases is analyzed in detail, showing a clear separation of the respective kinase subfamilies. Remarkable cross‐relations among protein kinases are detected, in contrast to sequence‐based classifications, which are not able to detect these relations. Furthermore, our classification is able to highlight features important in the optimization of protein kinase inhibitors. Using small‐molecule inhibition data we could rationalize cross‐reactivities between unrelated kinases which become apparent in the structural comparison of their binding sites. This procedure helps in the identification of other possible kinase targets that behave similarly in “binding pocket space” to the kinase under consideration.
Assessing symptom burden using the M. D. Anderson symptom inventory in patients with chemotherapy‐induced anemia
Authors: Gabrilove Janice L. , Perez Edith A. , Tomita Dianne K. , Rossi Greg , Cleeland Charles S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy often experience chemotherapy‐induced anemia (CIA), which is associated with symptoms that reduce quality of life. The M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) is a brief, self‐rating assessment scale that measures the severity of core symptoms and symptom interference with function. The current study used the MDASI to prospectively assess the correlation between hemoglobin and self‐perceived cancer‐related symptoms in a large patient population with CIA who were receiving darbepoetin‐α at a dose of 200 μg every 2 weeks.METHODS.Eligible patients enrolled in this multicenter, open‐label study were age ≥18 years, had a nonmyeloid malignancy, were receiving multicycle chemotherapy, and were anemic (hemoglobin ≤11 g/dL). Hemoglobin was measured every 2 weeks; the MDASI was administered weekly. For hemoglobin‐based endpoints, patients were stratified by baseline hemoglobin (< 10 g/dL or ≥10 g/dL).RESULTS.Of 2422 enrolled patients, 2401 received ≥1 dose of darbepoetin‐α. Eighty percent of patients (95% confidence limit, 78–82 patients) achieved target hemoglobin levels (≥11 g/dL) during the study. Patients with a baseline hemoglobin < 10 g/dL had a greater increase in hemoglobin, took longer to achieve the target hemoglobin, and received more red blood cell transfusions than patients with a baseline hemoglobin ≥10 g/dL. The percentage of patients with moderate to severe MDASI scores (≥5 points) for fatigue, distress, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, and interference with function was reduced during the study. Improvement in symptom burden was associated with an increase in hemoglobin concentration.CONCLUSIONS.Treatment with darbepoetin‐α at a dose of 200 μg every 2 weeks is associated with improvement in symptom burden as measured by the MDASI, a simple tool that may improve symptom management for cancer patients with CIA. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Expression of granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor and its receptor in human Ewing sarcoma cells and patient tumor specimens
Authors: Morales‐Arias Jaime , Meyers Paul A. , Bolontrade Marcela F. , Rodriguez Nidra , Zhou Zhichao , Reddy Krishna , Chou Alexander J. , Koshkina Nadezhda V. , Kleinerman Eugenie S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly vascular malignancy. It has been demonstrated that both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis contribute to the growth of ES tumors. Granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), a cytokine known to stimulate bone marrow (BM) stem cell production and angiogenesis, is routinely administered to ES patients after chemotherapy. Whether ES cells and patient tumor samples express G‐CSF and its receptor (G‐CSFR) and whether treatment with this factor enhances tumor growth was examined.METHODS.Human ES cell lines were analyzed for expression of G‐CSF and G‐CSFR in vitro and in vivo. Sixty‐eight paraffin‐embedded and 15 frozen tumor specimens from patients with ES were also evaluated for the presence of G‐CSF and G‐CSFR. The in vivo effect of G‐CSF on angiogenesis and BM cell migration was determined. Using a TC/7‐1 human ES mouse model, the effect of G‐CSF administration on ES tumors was investigated.RESULTS.G‐CSF and G‐CSFR protein and RNA expression was identified in all ES cell lines and patient samples analyzed. In addition, G‐CSF was found to stimulate angiogenesis and BM cell migration in vivo. Tumor growth was found to be significantly increased in mice treated with G‐CSF. The average tumor volume for the group treated with G‐CSF was 1218 mm3 compared with 577 mm3 for the control group (P = .006).CONCLUSIONS.The findings that ES cells and patient tumors expressed both G‐CSF and its receptor in vitro and in vivo and that the administration of G‐CSF promoted tumor growth in vivo suggest that the potential consequences of G‐CSF administration should be investigated further. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Pramlintide reduced markers of oxidative stress in the postprandial period in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ceriello Antonio , Lush Cameron W. , Darsow Tamara , Piconi Ludovica , Corgnali Maddelena , Nanayakkara Nuwan , Frias Juan P. , Maggs David 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe production of oxidative stress as a result of postprandial hyperglycaemia is now recognized as an important contributing factor in the development of diabetes complications. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of pramlintide on plasma concentrations of glucose and several markers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes following a standardized meal.MethodsThis was a randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study conducted at two clinical research centres in the United States. A total of 19 subjects (9 men and 10 women) with type 2 diabetes using mealtime insulin participated in the study. Pramlintide (120 µg), or placebo, and rapid‐acting mealtime insulin were administered prior to a standardized meal on two separate study days. Plasma concentrations of glucose, nitrotyrosine (NT), oxidized‐LDL cholesterol (OxLDL‐C), and total radical trapping parameter (TRAP) were assessed during the 4‐h postprandial period.ResultsCompared to placebo, pramlintide treatment reduced postprandial excursions of glucose, NT, and OxLDL‐C and protected TRAP from consumption. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between placebo‐corrected glucose incremental AUC0–4h and both NT and OxLDL‐C and a negative association between placebo‐corrected glucose incremental AUC0–4h and TRAP.ConclusionsThe reduction in postprandial glucose excursions achieved with addition of pramlintide to rapid‐acting insulin in type 2 diabetes was associated with a reduction in postprandial markers of oxidative stress. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.