bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of a Direct Role for Growth Hormone (GH) in Mammary Gland Proliferation and Lactation
Authors: Lincoln D. T. , Sinowatz F. , El‐Hifnawi E. , Hughes R. L. , Waters M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA panel of monoclonal antibodies to the growth hormone (GH) receptor/binding protein was used to demonstrate the existence and detail the expression of GH receptors in ductal and alveolar epithelial cells from rat and rabbit mammary glands by immunohistochemistry. Intense immunoreactivity was present in membrane, cytoplasm and some nuclei of epithelial cells during proliferation and lactation. Receptor expression decreased during weaning and was absent or weak in regressive mammary glands. Immunoreactivity was weak in ductal epithelial cells from virgin adult animals. Pronounced expression of GH receptor/binding protein was observed with two monoclonal antibodies and lesser reactivity was seen with others, paralleling their affinities for the receptor. The cytoplasmic presence of this putatively plasma membrane located GH receptor is accounted for by the existence of a soluble form on the GH receptor, namely the growth hormone binding protein derived from the membrane receptor by cleavage. Primary localization of the receptor in proliferating and lactating epithelial cells suggests that the rat and rabbit mammary gland is a GH target tissue. This finding is in contradiction to both classical GH action and the somatomedin hypothesis and challenges the widely held view that GH has no direct influence on mammary growth and function.
Une dissection myologique de la Jambe et du Pied de l'Autruche (Struthio camelus)*
Authors: Pavaux C. , Lignereux Y. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryNo trace was found of the following muscles: M. plantaris, M. extensor hallucis longus, M. extensor hallucis brevis, M. flexor hallucis brevis, M. adductor d. II, M. abductor d. II, M. flexor phalangis secundi d. III and M. adductor d. IV.Some interesting myological and topographical peculiarities are specified concerning the 16 muscles mentioned, in order to provide useful findings for surgically applied purposes: in case of locomotor problems with leg deformities.
C‐cell Distribution in Ovine Thyroid Gland
Authors: Okada H. , Shigeta Y. , Un‐No Y. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe number and percentage of C‐cells per unit area were investigated in 2‐3‐year‐old sheep by an immunoperoxidase technique, using a digital‐image analysis. C‐cells were distributed throughout the thyroid lobes but were not present in either the isthmus or the superior and inferior poles of the thyroid. C‐cells were more concentrated in the deep central region of the lobes and decreased gradually toward the periphery. There was a high correlation between the number and the percentage of C‐cells per unit area of thyroid gland in sheep. Significant differences were not present between male and female sheep of 2‐3 years of age.
Das Spermathekalepithel der Bienenkönigin (Apis mellifera): Morphologie, alters‐abhängige Veränderungen und Zellkontakte
Authors: Kressin M. , Sommer U. , Schnorr B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe spermathecal epithelium of the honey bee queen (Apis mellifera): ultrastructure, age‐dependent alterations, and cellular junctionsThe spermatheca of the honey bee queen is covered by a single‐layered, uniform, polarised epithelium. The apical cell surface is greatly enlarged by protrusions and plasma membrane infoldings, the basal cell surface by numerous inter‐digitating, long, small processes. Cytoplasmic organelles are chiefly represented by mitochondria. Numerous microtubuli extend throughout the cytoplasm. Golgi and endoplasmic profiles are rare. The cells are subject to senile degeneration: with increasing age, a variety of cytoplasmic inclusions appear, among which are myelinated membranes, dense bodies and dense filamentous aggregates. The spermathecal epithelium does not seem to be involved in exocrine secretion related to nutrition of the long‐term stored spermatozoa. The ultra‐structure points, however, to ion transport functions and to an engagement in the maintenance of an adequate physicochemical environment ensuring the viability of the spermatozoa. Cellular junctions are represented by luminal zonulae adherentes, focal cell–cell adhering junctions and hemi‐adhering junctions along the basal plasmalemma. Desmosomal contacts and cytoskeletal intermediate filaments are missing. Along the lateral plasmalemma, gap junctions and septate junctions are found.
Zur Anatomie des Bewußtseins der Haustiere. Eröffnungsvortrag zum 20. Kongreß der EVVA in Zürich zum Gedenken an Eugen Seiferle
Authors: Preuss F. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAll living organisms have a consciousness, not only humans. To seek to find humans’ consciousness in animals is to seek wrongly. The question must be:‘To what extent are prehuman and human consciousness comparable?’ Animals have an instinctive sensational consciousness with a partial learning consciousness. It is a purely self‐sustaining consciousness. In addition, humans have a spiritual‐thinking consciousness, which is predominantly a learning consciousness and is not a pure self‐sustaining consciousness. Since human consciousness arose from animals’ consciousness, that behaviour in animals which is similar to the thought process in human beings can only be based on sensations.Sensations of pain and fear are not very different in man and animal, because they also belong to the sensation consciousness in humans, but humans have the additional advantage of being able to think about them and to understand their cause and meaning. That is not possible in animals, therefore, animals have to be anaesthetized to protect them from pain. Seiferle recognized this clearly, and my consciousness theory reinforces Seiferle's view, i.e. that consciousness is the central force of the soul. Its afferent forces are perception and sensation; its efferent forces are will, feeling, and deed.
Das Blutgefäßsystem des Enddarms vom Hund (Canis lupus f. familiaris)
Authors: Zahner M. , Wille K.‐H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Vascular System in the Large Intestine of Dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris)The vascular System of the large intestine of 10 dogs was examined by means of vascular corrosion casts, histology and transmission‐electron microscopy.The tela submucosa contains an arterial and a venous vascular plexus. In broader areas of the submucosa, a deep and a superficial vascular plexus, which are interconnected, can be found. The plexus are orientated parallel to the layers of the intestinal wall. On the one hand, these vessels naturally provide self‐sufficiency and drainage of the submucosa, and, moreover, direct branches to the stratum circulare of the muscular layer. On the other hand, the submucosal vascular plexus is the ‘distributional network’ for the functional plexus of the tunica mucosa.The arteries, which ascend to the tunica mucosa, supply a flat arterial network underneath the intestinal glands. Bundles of only a few arteriolae originate from this in order to supply the pericryptal capillaries. In the vicinity of the cryptai orifices, these turn into a network of subepithelial capillaries, which is post‐connected to the periglandular capillary plexus. From this ‘terminal circulatory pathway’, the blood is drained off by veins that enter the submucosal plexus. It is characteristic that the postcapillary venules often begin as part of the capillary network.As in other species, the subepithelial capillaries are predominantly lined with a ‘fenestrated endothelium’, whereas the capillaries of the pericryptal areas show a continuous endothelium. The latter contains multiple vesicles that may fuse in order to form transcytoplasmic channels as a morphological equivalent for transcappillar‐epithelial and vice versa occurring transport of substances.
The Presence of Granular Excretory Ducts in the Rabbit Zygomatic Gland
Authors: Gargiulo A. M. , Ceccarelli P. , Pedini V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe proximal and interlobular ducts of rabbit zygomatic glands show a particular morphological feature consisting of numerous secretory granules localized in the apical cytoplasm of the cells. It is suggested that there is a similarity between these ducts and the granular ducts of submandibular glands in rodents.
Intrinsic Innervation of the Stomach of the Fetal Pig: an Immunohistochemical Study of VIP‐Immunoreactive Nerve Fibres and Cell Bodies
Authors: Ginneken C. van , Weyns A. , Meir F. van , Ooms L. , Verhofstad A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryUsing an immunohistochemical technique, the presence and distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was investigated in cryostat sections, both tangential and transverse, of the fetal pig's stomach. In all fetuses and in all gastric segments investigated, VIP‐like immunoreactive (IR) nerve‐cell bodies were seen in all intramural ganglia, and VIP‐IR nerve fibres were found in all layers of the gastric wall except the tunica serosa. Consequently, VIP‐IR nerve fibres were found to form a periglandular network, to accompany arterioles, to interconnect the intramural ganglia, to encircle both VIP‐IR‐negative and ‐positive neurons, and were found in all muscle layers. Despite the fact that VIP‐IR seems to be restricted to the intramural nervous elements, some nonspecific‐reacting VIP‐IR glandular cells were noticed in the basal parts of the fundic, antral and pyloric gastric glands.The distribution pattern of VIP in the fetal pig resembles that of the adult pig. This suggests a possible functional role for VIP during fetal life and/or puts forward the suggestion that the stomach of a fetal pig from the second half of the gestation period is prepared, from then on, for postnatal function. High similarities with regard to the general distribution pattern of VIP in the stomach have also been noted between the fetal pig and humans, proving once more that the fetal pig can serve as a good animal model in several research areas. Finally, the morphological data provided here may, combined with the physiological significance of VIP, contribute to a better insight into the physiopathology of economically important gastro‐intestinal disorders in the pig, such as gastric ulceration.
Muscle Representation within the Hypoglossal Nucleus of the Chicken Studied by Means of Horseradish Peroxidase
Authors: Wang J. , Watanabe T. , Suzuki M. , Ohmori Y. , Naito J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe distribution in the chicken of motoneurons innervating the hyolingual muscles, i.e. the Mm. hyoglossus rostralis (HR), hyoglossus obliquus (HO), ceratoglossus (CG), interceratobranchialis (CB). stylohyoideus (YH), serpihyoideus (PH) and cricohyoideus (CR), and the laryngotracheal muscles, comprising the Mm. tracheolateralis (TL), cleido‐hyoideus (CL) and sternotrachealis (ST), was examined by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat‐germ agglutinin. Labelled motoneurons are only found in the hypoglossal nucleus. The rostrocaudal distributions of motoneurons projecting to hyolingual muscles are restricted in the hypoglossal nucleus cranial to the obex, and those projecting to laryngotracheal muscles are distributed in the more caudal part of hypoglossal nucleus. Detailed analysis of the data showed that the most rostrally positioned motoneurons in the hypoglossal nucleus supplied to the PH, followed by the CG, CB. HR, YH, HO, CR, TL, CL and ST in that order, overlapping each other. In the hypoglossal nucleus motoneurons innervating the PH and YH have the smallest perikarya. Of the motoneurons in the hypoglossal nucleus, those supplying the laryngotracheal muscles (CL and TL) have the largest perikarya. Motoneurons innervating the other muscles are intermediate in size.
The Coronary Arteries of the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Taha A. A. M. , Abel‐Magied E. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe pattern of distribution of the coronary arteries of the camel was studied by combining dissection and vinyl acetate casts. The results showed that in the camel the right coronary artery supplies the interventricular subsinuosal artery, characteristic of a right coronary pattern. The septal branch that supplied the interventricular septum originated from the paraconal interventricular artery. A muscular bridge was observed crossing each of the paraconal and subsinuosal interventricular arteries in the middle third of the longitudinal grooves.
Comparison of Hemisphere Size in Wild and Domestic Geese
Authors: Kalisińska E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe hemisphere size has been studied in wild and domestic geese (Anser fabalis, n = 77; A. albifrons, n = 48; A. anser, n = 8; A. anser f. domestica, n = 10), which were classified according to particular age category (adult or immature). Material used in studies was fixed in 4% solution of formaldehyde. The brain weight as well as hemispheres’ length, width and height was measured with standard method. Morphometric characteristic of geese's brains has been presented in absolute and relative way (by parallel use of index and allometric approach). The appropriate ontogenic, taxonomic and domestication comparisons were carried out. The greatest differences referred to absolute and relative width and height of hemispheres.
Vergleich zweier Methoden der Altersbeurteilung an Zähnen altersbekannter wildlebender Fleischfresser 1
Authors: Thomé H. , Geiger G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwo age‐determining methods were conducted on representatives of known age from the Order Carnivora (4 red foxes, 3 tree martens, 3 stone martens, 2 racoons, 2 badgers, 1 polecat and one otter).Age determination employed with the aid of tooth wear nearly agrees with the real age of the animals.Dating based on the formation of the age‐dependent cement zone coincided well with the known ages of the individual specimens.However, in real foxes the figure one must be added to the number of cementum layers counted determining the definitive age of individuals.For representation of the cementum layers transverse sections of the apical part of the tooth root of canini, P2 and P3, stained with methylene blue, should be used.It is important to note that the dentino‐cemental line should not be considered when counting the year rings in the cement.
Anatomo‐Radiographic Study of Prenatal Development of Bovine Fetal Teeth
Authors: Soana S. , Bertoni G. , Gnudi G. , Botti P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to improve the knowledge of the time of appearance of dental germs and their morphological development until birth in bovine fetuses. Skulls and isolated mandibles of 35 Simmenthal bovine fetuses, of both sexes and ages from 97 to 280 days old were examined. The radiographic examination was performed with high definition and mamofilms. The exposure values ranged from 36 kV‐6 mAs to 55 kV‐12 mAs according to skull dimensions.In this study, the first dental germ was observed at 97 days, identified as the third maxillar premolar tooth. Through the morphological study and accurate description of the lingual and vestibular aspect of the occlusive surface of the teeth, three roots for the third and fourth maxillar premolar teeth and two for the second maxillar premolar tooth were observed. Two roots for the second and third mandibular premolar teeth and three for the fourth mandibular premolar tooth were also observed. The germ of the first mandibular molar tooth was seen at 140 days and the first of the maxillar arch at 280 days.
The Effect of Formalin on Rumen Surface Area in Red Deer
Authors: Lentle R. G. , Stafford K. J. , Henderson I. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPreviously published studies have related the surface area of rumen wall to diet. The validity of studies that utilize preserved material depends upon the predictability of any change in rumen dimension brought about by preservation. Changes in the surface area of different sections of the rumen wall of red deer (Cervus elaphus) were monitored after immersion in 10% formal saline solution at room temperature for 2, 7 and 14 days. There was a high degree of variability (0–39.5%) in wall‐area reduction. Ignoring such changes when calculating the factor of increase in surface area (FISA), a composite of papillary surface area and density, can result in errors of up to 39.5%. This study questions the validity of using FISA calculations when formalin‐preserved specimens are used in studies of rumen response to diet. Rumen papillary dimensions were not significantly changed by preservation in formalin.
Volumetrische Untersuchungen zur senilen Hirninvolution beim Hund
Authors: Reifinger M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA heterogeneous population of 100 dogs was examined for age‐associated brain involution. The dogs originated from the autopsy material of the institute and were selected irrespective of age, breed and sex. They had no history of neurologic disorders and exhibited no macroscopic cerebral lesions.After decapitation at the atlanto‐occipital joint, the head was sawn through the median plane. The brain was removed and the skull reconstructed. The volume of the brain was measured by water displacement; the volume of the cranial cavity was determined by filling up with lead shot and pouring it into a measuring glass.In order to determine cerebral atrophy, the brain volumes were compared with the cranial‐cavity volumes. The mean relative brain volume (mean brain volume divided by mean cranial cavity volume) for the 100 dogs was 88.7%. Connected with periods of life, the mean relative brain volumes slightly increased during the first 8 years and slightly decreased during the following years. With regard to the age groups 0–5 years, 5–10 years and more than 10 years, the average relative brain volumes were 88.4, 89.3 and 88.3%. These values did not show statistical significance, i.e. there was no evidence of a decline in brain volume in the ageing dog.
Aspectos Morfologicos e Histoquimicos de los Musculos Extraoculares del Zorrillo (Didelphis albiventris)
Authors: Matheus S. M. M. , Soares J. C. , Neves A. M. , Silva D. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe extraocular muscle fibres of the South‐American opossum were determined according to their metabolic profiles using NADH‐diaforase, and myofibrilar ATPase after pre‐incubation in both acid (pH 4.3) and alkaline (pH 10.4) media. Three muscles were selected to study the arrangement of the fibres (obliquous dorsalis, rectus dorsalis and rectus lateralis muscles). It was demonstrated that they are organized in two layers: the orbital layer composed by small diameter fibres and the global layer with three‐times thicker fibres than the former. The global layer has three fibre types: white, red and intermediate; while the orbital layer presents two fibre types, which react differently to the ATPase.
Basic and Lectin Histochemical Characterization of Bovine Gustatory (von Ebner's) Glands
Authors: Pedini V. , Gargiulo A. M. , Ceccarelli P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Bovine tongue possesses numerous circumvallate papillae (8–16) each side). The troughs around the papillae are the openings of the ducts of the gustatory (von Ebner's) glands.In this study, we have characterized in situ the glycosidic composition of the secretion of bovine gustatory glands using traditional histochemical methods and lectin histochemistry with and without prior neuraminidase (sialidase) digestion. The lectin‐horseradish peroxidase conjugates employed were: PNA, DBA, SBA, WGA, LTA, UEA I and ConA.Acinar cells show a diffuse positivity towards PAS and Alcian blue at pH 2.5 and the most intense and homogeneous lectin staining was obtained with PNA. This indicates that bovine gustatory glands secrete glycoproteins with 1,2‐glycol containing hexoses and carboxyl‐rich glycoconjugates and that galactosyl (β1 → 3) Nacetylgalactosamine is the most frequent sugar residue present in these glycoproteins.Results were compared with data reported in the literature on the same glands of other species.
Gross Anatomy of the Portal Vein and its Tributaries in the Opossum (Didelphis albiventris)
Authors: Fragoso Neto R. A. , Seullner G. , Campos V. J. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe gross anatomy of the portal vein (V. portae) and its tributaries was studied through anatomical methods, i.e. dissection, corrosion and diaphanization, in 45 opossums (Didelphis albiventris). In all animals the portal vein was formed by the junction of the cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric and lienal veins (V. mesenterica cranialis, V. mesenterica caudalis and V. lienalis, respectively). Many collateral tributaries were observed running into the portal venous trunk.
Observations on the Fine Structure of the Liver in the Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Lalla S. , Drommer W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe structure of macroscopically inconspicuous livers in 23 adult camels (Camelus dromedarius) was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. A well‐developed connective tissue characterizes the camel liver. Thick trabeculae divide the liver parenchyma into lobules. Portal tracts and central veins are surrounded by a variable amount of fibrous tissue. In the perisinusoidal space (DISSE), collagen fibres form a dense three‐dimensional network around the sinusoids. A mild to moderate fatty infiltration is present in hepatocytes of all animals. In the epithelial cells of the bile ducts, small to medium sized lipid inclusions are a common feature.The ultrastructure of hepatocytes in the camel liver corresponds to that of other domestic mammalian species. The endothelial cells lining the sinusoids show a multiple fenestration and are surrounded by a discontinuous basal lamina. Fat‐storing cells are numerous and contain lipid droplets varying in size, number and electron density from one cell to another.
Ultrastructural Study on the Stomach of Tilapia spp (Teleostei)
Authors: Gargiulo A. M. , Ceccarelli P. , Dall'aglio C. , Pedini V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn ultrastructural study has been made of gastric mucosa of a teleostean fish, Tilapia spp. The cytological features of the surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells, glandular cells and endocrine cells are described. The surface mucous cells, identified by their superficial localization, are characterized by apical granules. The mucous neck cells are distinguished by the appearance of their mucous granules and their localization between surface mucous cells and glandular cells. The gastric glands contain only one form of cell whose fine structure is similar to cells that secrete hydrochloric acid.Physiological implications of some ultrastructural features are also discussed.
Nomenclature, Filling and Angioarchitecture of Lymph Vessels in Organs. Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Stomach of the Turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans using Different Injection Methods
Authors: Berens D. , Rautenfeld V. , Lüdemann W. , Hunneshagen C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe gastric lymph vessel network of Pseudemys scripta elegans shows all the characteristics of initial lymphatics. A differentiation of initial lymphatics in lymphatic capillaries and pre‐collectors is not possible in the turtle. The scanning electron microscopic examination shows that ultrastructural analysis of initial lymphatics is possible after manual subserous injection of glutaraldehyde or application with the vacuum chamber. In the stomach of the turtle all characteristics of initial lymphatics (interendothelial openings, subendothelial filaments, connective tissue trabeculae and endothelial bridges) could be demonstrated. Only valves were absent. The situation is similar in mammals including man. The most important filling phenomenon is a horizontal spreading of fluid in the lymphatics.