bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life Strategies in Two Bacterivorous Marine Nematodes: Preliminary Results
Authors: Vierstraete Tom Moens. Andy , Vincx Magda 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. Temperature dependence of sex ratio and maximal densities of the estuarine, deposit‐feeding nematodes Pellioditis marina (Rhabditidae) and Diplolaimelloides meyli (Monhysreridae) were investigated in vitro. Both species are characteristic for organically enriched habitats. Data from competition culture experiments with both species are integrated with information from respiration measurements at different temperatures, and from observations on the influence of temperature and bacterial density on uptake rates.Sex ratio was significantly influenced by temperature in both species, with the highest relative numbers of males at the highest temperatures. Total numbers attained fluctuated only moderately in the 10 to 20 °C interval, but increased and decreased highly significantly at 25 °C for D. meyli and P. marina, respectively.Respiration at temperatures from 5 °C to 30 °C was measured with nematodes from monospecific cultures using a modified Clark electrode procedure. Respiration was dependent upon temperature in the entire range for P. marina, but not for D. meyli, where only at 25 °C a clear respiratory acceleration was observed.Feeding experiments with P. marina showed a dominant influence of bacterial density on uptake rates, with a lower but still significant temperature effect.These data are discussed in relation to the overall life strategies of both species.
The Uptake of Colloidal Melanin from Seawater by Marine Bivalves
Authors: Tack Jurgen Frans , Polk Philip 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. A number of coastal organisms (e.g., bivalves) are known as important consumers of particulate organic carbon (POC) in the sea. In this paper we present new evidence that they are also important consumers of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the colloidal size range down to about 0.2 μm in diameter. Those colloids play an important role in the global flux of carbon in the seas.We compare the uptake of colloidal DOC by marine bivalves of the North Sea and of the western Indian ocean.To measure this uptake we made use of colloidal melanin as an alternative way to measure the uptake of colloidal DOC.
Horizontal Transfer of Matter by a Cave‐Dwelling Mysid
Authors: Coma R. , Carola M. , Riera T. , Zabala M. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. The role of a cave‐dwelling mysid population as a matter carrier was evaluated in a cave of the Medes Is. (NW Mediterranean) during 1988–89. Hemimysis spehmcola (Ledoyer, 1963) is a gregarious mysid whose swarms migrate daily from the inner end of the cave ‐ where they remain during the day–to the exterior where they feed during the night. Fecal pellet composition, pellet egestion and pellet decomposition were measured in order to evaluate the transfer of matter by mysids. Based on the strong daily behavioural rhythms of these mysids. special importance was attached to the sampling frequency (every 2 h). In order to assess seasonal variability, four daily cycles were evaluated within a year. In situ incubations were carried out to determine changes on the egestion rates, morphology, weight and composition (AA. C: N ratios) of pellets in the course of a day. The number of pellets deposited inside the cave was estimated using containers distributed along the cave bottom by SCUBA divers.Fecal pellets showed an amorphous composition, whereby diatom frustules, dinoflagellate loricae and coccolithoporids were very scarce. About 25% of the body weight were estimated to be egested daily as fecal pellets, suggesting a detritivorous feeding habit. The population oscillated seasonally between 1 and 12 millions. Individuals egested between 1.6 and 3.5 pellets a day into the cave, each averaging from 9.4 to 11.9 μg DW, 0.5 to 1.0 μg C and 0.046 to 0.27 μg N. Therefore, the population carried daily about 20 407 g DW POM. 2–21 g C and 0.5 2.7 g N from outside to inside the cave. Pellets decomposed very quickly; between 20 to 50% of both C and N were released from pellets in less than 2 h after egestion. Oxidation of pellets theoretically consumes an amount of oxygen which agrees with the high BOD values previously reported for this cave. Marine caves are generally viewed as strictly oligotrophic systems; dense mysid populations, however, could strongly modify the trophic relationships in marine caves.
Novel intra‐arterial strategies in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Ng PP , Stevens EA , Skalabrin EJ 
Published: May 2008

SummaryAcute ischaemic stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability in developed societies. I.v. and intra‐arterial thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombectomy carried out within the appropriate time window can result in superior clinical outcomes compared with traditional therapy consisting of anticoagulation and/or aspirin. In cases where thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy have not been proven effective or have failed to result in rapid clinical and/or angiographic improvement, novel intra‐arterial strategies may be applied by experienced interventional neuroradiologists to achieve recanalization of recalcitrant vessel occlusions with good clinical outcomes.
Unusual causes of small bowel obstruction and contemporary diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Gümüştaş OG , Gümüştaş A , Yalçın R , Savcı G , Soylu RA 
Published: May 2008

SummaryIntestinal obstruction is a common clinical abnormality. In 60–80% of cases, the small bowel is affected. Although postoperative adhesions are responsible in 60% of cases, the other frequently observed causes are hernia, strangulation and tumours, such as carcinoid, lymphoma or adenocarcinoma. In this pictorial essay, we presented the radiological findings of uncommon causes of small bowel obstruction as well as the suggested diagnostic algorithm.
Imaging of horseshoe kidneys and their complications
Authors: O’Brien J , Buckley O , Doody O , Ward E , Persaud T , Torreggiani W 
Published: May 2008

SummaryHorseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly and the patients are prone to a variety of complications, such as stone disease, pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction, trauma, infections and tumours. As result of the abnormal anatomy of a horseshoe kidney, imaging and treatment pathways vary substantially from the normal kidney. In this review, we describe the role of modern imaging in depicting horseshoe kidneys and their complications, in tandem with the role the interventional radiologist plays in treating these patients.
Clinical significance of intrasubstance meniscal lesions on MRI
Authors: Low AK , Chia MR , Carmody DJ , Lucas P , Hale D 
Published: May 2008

SummaryGrade 2 meniscal changes on MRI are linear signals confined within the meniscus thought to represent areas of meniscal degeneration or intrasubstance tears. It has been reported that in only 10% of cases is a meniscal tear detected during subsequent arthroscopy. Usually non‐operative management is appropriate, but in some cases, grade 2 meniscal changes are seen on MRI in patients with a typical presentation of a meniscal tear. In this circumstance, an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy may be indicated and an MRI report, which describes the meniscus as being normal, may be confusing. A pilot study of 10 consecutive symptomatic patients (mean age 28.1 years) with a grade 2 meniscal signal on MRI was performed. At arthroscopy, with thorough examination of the meniscus using a probe, an intrasubstance tear was detected in all 10 patients. Partial meniscectomy was performed, with a mean follow‐up of 6.7 months. All but one patient (due to other pathology) had marked improvement in pain and function. Thus, the authors believe that grade 2 signal changes should be reported in a manner that raises the possibility that they may cause symptoms and that the presence of any intrasubstance changes should be clearly conveyed in the report.
Colour of environmental noise affects the nonlinear dynamics of cycling, stage‐structured populations
Authors: Reuman Daniel C. , Costantino Robert F. , Desharnais Robert A. , Cohen Joel E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPopulations fluctuate because of their internal dynamics, which can be nonlinear and stochastic, and in response to environmental variation. Theory predicts how the colour of environmental stochasticity affects population means, variances and correlations with the environment over time. The theory has not been tested for cycling populations, commonly observed in field systems. We applied noise of different colours to cycling laboratory beetle populations, holding other statistical properties of the noise fixed. Theory was largely validated, but failed to predict observations in sufficient detail. The main period of population cycling was shifted up to 33% by the colour of environmental stochasticity. Noise colour affected population means, variances and dominant periodicities differently for populations that cycled in different ways without noise. Our results show that changes in the colour of climatic variability, partly caused by humans, may affect the main periodicity of cycling populations, possibly impacting industry, pest management and conservation.
Multivisceral resections for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Derici H. , Unalp H. R. , Kamer E. , Bozdag A. D. , Tansug T. , Nazli O. , Kara C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of en bloc multivisceral resection of organs involved by locally advanced rectal carcinoma.Method  A total of 312 patients with primary rectal cancer underwent surgery between January 1994 and April 2005. Of these, 57 patients (18.3%) had macroscopically direct invasion of an adjacent organ or structure, and underwent multivisceral resection with curative intent. Survival analyses were made by the Kaplan–Meier and the Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results  The postoperative mortality was 3.5%. The overall survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years was 96.4%, 81.6% and 49.0%. Age (≥65 years), depth of tumour invasion (pT3 stage), lymph node status (pN0), tumour stage (III A–B), grading (G1), vascular and neural invasion (not extensive), type of adhesion (inflammatory) and type of resection (R0) were significant factors favouring survival in the univariate analysis. Only two factors, lymph node status pN0 (P = 0.007) and R0 resection (P = 0.005) were independently significant factors in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion  R0 resection and pN0 status influence overall survival for locally advanced rectal carcinoma.
The impact of different time frames of risk communication on Type 2 diabetes patients’ understanding and memory for risk of coronary heart disease and stroke
Authors: Asimakopoulou K. G. , Fox C. , Spimpolo J. , Marsh S. , Skinner T. C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAims  We examined the impact of communicating risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, using three time frames (1, 5 or 10 years), on Type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients’ understanding of risk of CHD/stroke and their memory for these risks.Methods  Patients (N = 95) estimated their risk of developing CHD/having a stroke as a result of diabetes, in one of three time frames. Using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine and the same time frame, patients were then given individualized, objective risk estimates of developing CHD/stroke. Following explanation of these risks, patients’ risk understanding was examined by asking them to report again their risk of developing CHD/stroke. Six weeks later we assessed patient memory for these risks by asking them to recall their actual risk estimates for CHD/stroke.Results  In all time frames, we successfully reduced participants’ originally inflated risk perceptions of CHD (F1,92 = 73.01, P < 0.001) and stroke (F1,91 = 119.05, P < 0.001), although the 10‐year risk group was the most resistant to correction for both CHD (F1,90 = 9.32, P < 0.001) and stroke (F2,88 = 3.97, P < 0.02). Participants’ recall of their stroke risk at 6 weeks regressed towards original, inflated risk perceptions for the 10‐year group only (F4,176 = 4.73, P < 0.001).Conclusion  Patients’ inflated perceptions of CHD/stroke risk can be easily corrected using shorter (1‐ or 5‐year) risk communication time frames.
Long‐term adherence to statin treatment in diabetes
Authors: Donnelly L. A. , Doney A. S. F. , Morris A. D. , Palmer C. N. A. , Donnan P. T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAims  To determine the patterns and predictors of long‐term adherence to statin therapy in all patients with diabetes in the community setting.Methods  We retrospectively studied patients with diabetes who were resident in Tayside, Scotland from 1 January 1989 to 31 May 2003 and initiated statin treatment during that time. The main outcome measure was percentage of days covered (PDC) by a statin, calculated at regular intervals. Predictors of suboptimal adherence (PDC < 80%) were identified using generalized linear models for repeated measures.Results  Six thousand four hundred and sixty‐two patients were included in the study. In the first year, the mean PDC was 87, 61% in the first and second quarter, respectively, and 65% after 13 years. Less than 50% of patients maintained a PDC of > 80% after 13 years. Predictors of poor long‐term adherence were younger age, higher HbA1c, no history of smoking, no cardiovascular morbidity at baseline and occurrence of cardiovascular disease after statin commencement.Conclusions  This study suggests that barriers to long‐term adherence to statins tend to arise early on in the therapeutic course. In general, long‐term adherence is poor in patients with diabetes, especially among those with few other cardiovascular risk factors.
Diabetes and anxiety in US adults: findings from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Li C. , Barker L. , Ford E. S. , Zhang X. , Strine T. W. , Mokdad A. H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAims  Anxiety disorders may cause substantial impairment in patient functioning and well‐being. Little is known about the relationship between diabetes and anxiety. We estimated the prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of anxiety in adults aged ≥ 18 years with and without diabetes in the USA.Methods  We analysed data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (total, N = 201 575; 20 142 with diabetes; 39.4% men, 77.9% non‐Hispanic Whites, 8.1% non‐Hispanic Blacks and 7.7% Hispanics; mean age 52.4 years). Diabetes and lifetime diagnosis of anxiety were self‐reported. A multivariable log–binomial model was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) of anxiety based on diabetes status.Results  The overall age‐adjusted prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of anxiety was 19.5 and 10.9% in people with and without diabetes, respectively. After adjustment for educational level, marital status, employment status, current smoking, leisure‐time physical activity and body mass index, people with diabetes had a 20% higher prevalence of lifetime diagnosis of anxiety than those without (PR 1.20; 95% CI 1.12, 1.30). There were no significant differences in the PR by gender (P = 0.06). However, the ratios differed significantly by age (P = 0.04) and by race/ethnicity (P < 0.01), indicating that people aged 18−29 years (PR 1.70; 95% CI 1.19, 2.43) and Hispanics (PR 1.69; 95% CI 1.33, 2.15) had a higher ratio than their counterparts.Conclusion  Diabetes was significantly associated with anxiety in adults in this large population‐based sample, particularly in Hispanics and young adults.
Knowledge, Sentience and Receptivity: a paradigm of lifelong learning
Authors: ENEROTH BO 
Published: May 2008

This article aims to develop a paradigm of lifelong learning situations. The starting point is the EU‐Commission policy document where three kinds of learning situations are identified: formal, non‐formal and informal. The article tries to deepen this categorisation by searching for the underlying ontological and epistemological dimensions.The ontological dimension consists of three corresponding realities — formal, non‐formal and informal reality. The formal reality is a world of generalities. The non‐formal reality is a world of individualities – and not just of individual human beings.In the same way, the epistemological dimension consists of three corresponding kinds of knowledge: formal, non‐formal and informal. Formal knowledge is a knowing you can formulate, basically as concepts in thoughts possible to formulate in words. Non‐formal knowledge consists of the learner's ability to see and sense what an actual event shows and (literally) make sense‐ible. It is a circumstantial knowledge.As for informal knowledge, you cannot have that ability. But, in the moment of happening, the event will give you this ability to see and sense what to do and how to do — as a whim or fancy from nowhere. Informal knowledge is epiphanic.These two dimensions form a nine field paradigm of different kinds of learning settings. In relation to the formal, non‐formal and informal reality the conceptual knowledge will be produced in the academic setting; the learning setting of conceptualising reflection; the learning setting of ignorance. The circumstantial knowledge will be developed in the master‐apprentice learning setting; the learning setting of trial and error; the setting of accidental learning. The epiphanic knowledge will be revealed in the learning setting of self‐evident clearness; the learning setting of individual unique simplicity; the learning setting of vivifying activities.
Hepatitis needs assessment among Jordanian healthcare workers
Authors: Hassan Z.M. , Wahsheh M.A. , Shishani K.R. , Pryor E.R. 
Published: May 2008

Background:  Hepatitis infections caused by hepatitis A, B and C virus are considered to be an important health problem worldwide. Based on the available data from the Jordanian Ministry of Health, the incidence rates of hepatitis A and B in the Jordanian population in 2003 were 10.2 and 0.8 per 100 000 per year, respectively; however, data on the incidence of hepatitis C are not currently available.Research objective:  To assess Jordanian healthcare workers' hepatitis training needs.Methods:  A total of 339 healthcare workers from private and public Jordanian healthcare settings participated in this descriptive study. The Minnesota Primary Care Practitioners Viral Hepatitis Survey was utilized for data collection.Results:  Two‐thirds of the participants expressed that they did not have adequate and current training in issues related to hepatitis infections. Healthcare workers indicated an interest in receiving information and training about hepatitis A, B and C (83%, 71% and 80%, respectively).Conclusion:  The results of this study showed that the majority of Jordanian healthcare workers reported a need for hepatitis training.Implication to practice:  Standardized training should be provided to healthcare workers who are working in high‐risk settings.
Relationship building through the development of international nursing curricula: a literature review
Authors: Sochan A. 
Published: May 2008

Purpose:  This expository paper explores the literature related to the development of international nursing (or midwifery) curricula as a vehicle for studying relationship‐building.Background:  International nursing curriculum development can be interpreted as a sanctioned extension of transnational, cross‐cultural, political and economic professional outreach activities.Method:  Extensive literature searches were conducted in the CINAHL, ERIC, PsychINFO and ABI/INFORM Global databases of the key terms: relationship‐building; international; curriculum development; and nursing.Findings:  The review revealed developing international nursing curricula through cooperative partnerships between institutions of higher learning and/or international development agencies provides a vehicle to build international collegial relationships among nursing faculty and professionals worldwide. A summary is provided in a table.Conclusions:  Relationship‐building through the development of international nursing curricula merits focused investigation.
Educational needs of nurses when nursing people of a different culture in Ireland
Authors: Tuohy D. , McCarthy J. , Cassidy I. , Graham M. M. 
Published: May 2008

Background:  Over the last 10–15 years, there has been a dramatic change in the population of the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Because of strong economic growth, a buoyant economy and universal population migration, the ROI has moved from a mono to a multicultural society over a relatively short period of time. Therefore, nurses in this state have limited experience of caring for people of a different culture.Aim:  To discuss registered nurses' experiences in the ROI of nursing people from a different culture.Methods:  The study design was qualitative and participants were purposively sampled (n = 7). Data was collected through semi‐structured interviews and thematically analysed.Findings:  The main themes to emerge from the interviews were: dealing with cultural issues in practice; accessing and using the interpreter service; planning and taking action to improve nursing care for patients from a different culture.Conclusion:  Support and education is needed by nurses to improve nursing care of people from a different culture.Practice implications:  Recommendations for practice are to: develop transcultural nursing education; promote an ethos of providing culturally competent and culturally safe nursing to people of another culture; improve resources available to nurses; provide easier access to formal interpreter services with continuity of interpreters for patients and conduct further research into aspects of health care in multicultural Ireland.
Modification of nursing students' performance in blood pressure measurement: an educational retraining programme
Authors: Brokalaki H. , Matziou V. , Gymnopoulou E. , Galanis P. , Brokalaki E. , Theodossiades G. 
Published: May 2008

Aim:  To assess the procedure for measuring blood pressure (BP) among nursing students after the basic educational programme and after further supplementary training.Methods:  One hundred and fifty nursing students participated in the study, which was divided into two phases. During the first phase, students attended the routine educational programme in respect of the technique of measuring BP in the course of the lesson ‘Basic Nursing’. During the next semester (second phase), the same students attended the lesson of ‘Internal Medicine Nursing’. In the course of this lesson, a supplementary educational intervention for BP measurement was introduced for the purpose of this study. In order to perform our study, the university's written approval was given. At the end of the second phase, the 150 participants (volunteers) gave their oral consent for the anonymous publication of the results.Results:  The results showed an inadequate performance after the basic educational programme, but a significant improvement in the technique of measuring BP after supplementary educational intervention was achieved. This improvement was significant for all the parameters examined.Conclusion:  Supplementary education of students may be required, as this could significantly improve their technique for the accurate measurement of BP.