bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using polynomial regression for data representation in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Banerjee Torsha , Chowdhury Kaushik R. , Agrawal Dharma P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUnlike conventional sensor networks, wireless sensors are limited in power, have much smaller memory buffers, and possess relatively slower processing speeds. These characteristics necessitate minimum transfer and storage of information in order to prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, we exploit the spatio‐temporal nature of sensor data to approximate the current values of the sensors based on readings obtained from neighbouring sensors and itself. We propose a tree based polynomial regression algorithm (TREG), that addresses the problem of data compression in wireless sensor networks. Instead of aggregated data, only the coefficients computed by the regression function, TREG are passed to achieve the following goals: (i) the sink can get attribute values in the regions devoid of sensor nodes, and (ii) readings over any portion of the region can be obtained at one time by querying the root of the tree. As the size of the data packet from each tree node to its parent remains constant, the proposed scheme scales very well with growing network density or increased coverage area. Since physical attributes exhibit a gradual change over time, we propose an iterative scheme, UPDATE_COEFF, which obviates the need to perform the regression function repeatedly and uses approximations based on previous readings. Extensive simulations are performed on real world data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the aggregation algorithm, TREG. Results reveal that for a network density of 0.0025, a complete binary tree of depth 4 could provide the absolute error to be less than 6%. A data compression ratio of about 0.02 is achieved using our proposed algorithm, which is almost independent of the tree depth. In addition, our proposed updating scheme makes the aggregation process faster while maintaining the desired error bounds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulf1 expression pattern and its role in cartilage and joint development
Authors: Zhao Wanfeng , Sala‐Newby Graciela B. , Dhoot Gurtej K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA very dynamic and localised spatiotemporal expression pattern of Sulf1 was observed in axial structures and different regions of developing quail somites that included myotomal and sclerotomal regions at specific levels. Sulf1 expression was also observed in not only the scapular and pelvic girdle forming regions of the quail limb that connect the appendicular skeleton to the body trunk but also the cartilage templates of the appendicular skeleton. The highest expression level of Sulf1 was observed in condensing mesenchyme, during the early differentiation stage of chondrogenesis, and highly dynamic expression was observed in the perichondrial and joint‐forming regions. Overexpression of Sulf1 in quail micromass cultures enhanced aggregation and differentiation of prechondrocytes into chondrogenic lineage supporting its role in mesenchymal condensation and early differentiation of cartilaginous elements. The exposure of digital explants to high levels of Sulf1 expression in vitro led to increased growth of the original 1st phalange but complete inhibition of joint formation and generation of any further phalanges. Sulf1 thus plays a key role during multiple stages of cartilage development and joint formation. Developmental Dynamics 235:3327–3335, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and expression pattern of chicken Ror2 and functional characterization of truncating mutations in Brachydactyly type B and Robinow syndrome
Authors: Stricker Sigmar , Verhey Van Wijk Nicole , Witte Florian , Brieske Norbert , Seidel Kathrin , Mundlos Stefan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRor2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in the human syndromes Brachydactyly type B (BDB) and recessive Robinow syndrome (RS). In this study, we used the chick as a model to investigate the role of Ror2 in skeletogenesis and to elucidate the functional consequences of Ror2 mutations. For this purpose, we cloned chicken Ror2 and analyzed its expression pattern at various embryonic stages by in situ hybridization and immunolabeling. We document expression of cRor2 in several organs, including mesonephros, heart, nervous system, intestine and cartilage. The high conservation of expression when compared with the mouse underlines the validity of the chick as a model system. Using replication‐competent retroviral vector–mediated overexpression, we analyzed the functional consequences of truncating BDB and RS mutations in the developing chick limb. Overexpression of Ror2 mutants led to a disturbance of growth plate architecture and a severe block of chondrocyte differentiation, demonstrating the functional importance of Ror2 in skeletogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 235:3456–3465, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computational Study of Reactivity and Transition Structures in Nucleophilic Substitutions on Benzyl Bromides
Authors: Ruff Ferenc , Farkas Ödön , Kucsman Árpád 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDFT computations on the mechanisms of nucleophilic substitutions on benzyl bromides were performed and the calculated activation parameters were compared with experimentally acquired data. In vacuo, the presence of electron‐withdrawing (e‐w) groups on the benzyl bromides accelerated the reactions and the calculated ΔG‡/ΔH‡/ΔS‡ vs. σ plots were linear, while in solvents there were breaks in the calculated and measured ΔG‡/ΔH‡ vs. σ+ plots of the reactions between the benzyl bromides and Br–, both with electron‐donating (e‐d) and with e‐w substituents accelerating the reactions. The calculated ΔS‡ values appeared to be independent of the substituents. In solvents, the calculated ΔG‡/ΔH‡/ΔS‡ vs. σ+ plots for the reactions between benzyl bromides and pyridine were linear, whereas breaks were observed in the plots of the measured data. These reactions were promoted by e‐d substituents, but the measured reactivities of substrates bearing e‐w groups were higher than expected. No breaks in the ΔG‡/ΔH‡/ΔS‡ vs. σ plots were observed when the substituents on the pyridine nucleophile were changed. The best agreement between the calculated and measured values was obtained for the least solvent‐dependent ΔG‡ parameter. The experimentally measured ΔS‡ and ΔH‡ data were influenced by the rearrangement of the solvent molecules. The calculated structural parameters of the transition states (TSs) varied linearly with the substituent constants, with loose and tight distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal TSs being formed by benzyl bromides bearing e‐d and e‐w groups, respectively. The reactions proceeded by SN2 mechanisms; only the transition structures were changed with the substituents and the media. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Investigating Direct Alkynylation at the Bridgehead of Bicyclic Cages Using Silver(I) Acetylides
Authors: Pouwer Rebecca H. , Harper Jason B. , Vyakaranam Kamesh , Michl Josef , Williams Craig M. , Jessen Carsten H. , Bernhardt Paul V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSilver(I) acetylides facilitate direct carbon–carbon bond formation at the bridgehead position of adamantane, and in some instances related systems such as carborate anions and bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes. Substrate constraints along with attempts to further understand the underlying mechanism are presented. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Preparation of Geminal Diacylates (Acylals) of Aldehydes – Scope and Reactivity of Aldehydes with Acid Anhydrides
Authors: Rahman Motiur A. F. M. , Jahng Yurngdong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe geminal diacylates of a variety of aldehydes were prepared in good yields without any catalysts or solvent by simply refluxing the aldehydes with aliphatic acid anhydrides. The scope of the reactions and relative reactivities of aldehydes and acid anhydrides were examined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Behaviour of Sulfur‐Free Odorants in Natural Gas Fed PEM Fuel Cell Systems
Authors: Hennings U. , Reimert R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor safety reasons, distributed natural gas is mixed with a strong scent known as the odorant. While typically sulfur‐containing molecules are used for this purpose, a novel sulfur‐free odorant (GasodorTM S‐freeTM) has been developed and introduced into the marketplace. Our thermodynamic analysis and experimental results show that the reforming of methane over a Rh/Ce0.2Gd0.8O1,95‐δ catalyst is unaffected by the addition of GasodorTM S‐freeTM. The odorant is converted completely in the reforming step, so no negative influence is expected in the subsequent process steps. Overall, the addition of GasodorTM S‐freeTM should not pose a problem when combined with fuel cell systems.
ERK 1/2 activation in enhanced osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in poly(lactic‐glycolic acid) by cyclic hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Kim Su‐Hyang , Choi Yon Rak , Park Min Sung , Shin Jung Woog , Park Ki Dong , Kim Sung‐Jae , Lee Jin Woo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the signal transduction pathways and mechano‐transducers that play critical roles in the processes induced by changes in cyclic hydrostatic pressure and fluid shear in 3‐dimensional (3D) culture systems. Mesenchymal stem cells were loaded into a polymeric scaffold and divided into three groups according to the stress treatment: static, fluid shear, and hydrostatic pressure with fluid shear. Cells were exposed daily to a hydrostatic pressure of 0.2 MPa for 1 min followed by 14 min rest with fluid flow at 30 rpm. Protein extracts were analyzed by Western blot for extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). The complexes were cultured under the mechanical stimuli for 21 days with or without phospho‐ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and evaluated by RT‐PCR, calcium contents, and immunohistochemistry. Under conditions of mechanical stimulation, the activation of ERK1/2 was sustained or increased with time. U0126 suppressed mechanical stimuli‐induced expression of osteocalcin. In addition, calcium contents and the degrees of osteocalcin and osteopontin staining were decreased by this inhibitor. These results demonstrate that mechanical stimuli, particularly hydrostatic pressure with fluid shear, enhance osteogenesis in 3D culture systems via ERK1/2 activation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
LOT1 (ZAC1/PLAGL1) and its family members: Mechanisms and functions
Authors: Abdollahi Abbas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLost‐on‐transformation 1 (LOT1) (PLAGL1/ZAC1) is a member of the novel subfamily of zinc‐finger transcription factors, designated as PLAG family. The other members in this group include PLAG1 and PLAGL2, which share high homology with each other and with LOT1, particularly in their zinc‐finger amino‐terminal region. They are structurally similar but functionally different. For example, the LOT1 gene encodes a growth suppressor protein and is localized on human chromosome 6q24‐25, a chromosomal region that is frequently deleted in many types of human cancers. The gene is maternally imprinted and is linked to developmental disorders such as growth retardation and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). LOT1 is a target of growth factor signaling pathway(s) and silenced by epigenetic mechanisms, as well as by the loss of heterozygosity in different tumor tissues. PLAG1 is a protooncogene that is localized on chromosome 8q12 and was found to be a target of several types of chromosomal rearrangement including the one identified in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland. Since the discovery of the PLAG family members in 1997, much has been learned about their structure and function, as are summarized in this review. While the available data suggest that these proteins may play important roles in regulating normal physiological functions in the mammals, a great deal more about their signaling pathway(s), potential role in the complex pathologies such as cancer and developmental disorders, and functional relationship between different family members and splice variants still remains to be uncovered. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 16–25, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors in mouse retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Mafe Oloruntoyin A. , Gregg Elaine V. , Medina‐Ortiz Wanda E. , Koulen Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are ligand‐gated intracellular Ca2+channels that mediate release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores into the cytosol on activation by second messenger IP3. Similarly, IP3R mediated changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations control neuronal functions ranging from synaptic transmission to differentiation and apoptosis. IP3R‐generated cytosolic Ca2+ transients also control intracellular Ca2+ release and subsequent retinal ganglion cell (RGC) physiology and pathophysiology. The distribution of IP3R isotypes in primary adult mouse RGC cultures was determined to identify molecular substrates of IP3R mediated signaling in these neurons. Immunocytochemical labeling of IP3Rs in retinal sections and cultured RGCs was carried out using isoform specific antibodies and was detected with fluorescence microscopy. RGCs were identified by the use of morphologic criteria and RGC‐specific immunocytochemical markers, neurofilament 68 kDa, Thy 1.1, and Thy 1.2. RGC morphology and immunoreactivity to neurofilament 68 kDa and Thy 1.1 or Thy 1.2 were identified in both RGC primary cultures and tissue cryosections. RGCs showed localization on intracellular membranes with a differential distribution of IP3R isoforms 1, 2, and 3. IP3R Types 1 and 3 were detected intracellularly throughout the cell whereas Type 2 was expressed predominantly in soma. Expression of all three IP3Rs by RGCs indicates that all IP3R types potentially play a role in Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+ signaling in these cells. Differential localization of IP3 receptor subtypes in combination with biophysical properties of IP3R types may be an important molecular mechanism by which RGCs organize their cytosolic Ca2+ signals. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption of purpald SAMs on silver and gold electrodes: a Raman mapping study
Authors: Chu Hui , Yang Haifeng , Huan Shuangyan , Lin Weiqi , Shen Guoli , Yu Ruqin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe adsorption modes of 4‐amino‐3‐hydrazino‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐trizole (purpald) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed on SERS‐active silver and gold electrodes were comparatively studied using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and the self‐assembling procedures were investigated by the Raman mapping technique. Purpald SAMs adopted a titled orientation with S, N2 atoms anchoring to the silver electrode and the N7H2 close to the surface, whereas purpald stood up on the gold electrode through S, N5 atoms and with N8H2 adjacent to the surface. The density functional theory (DFT) at the level of B3LYP was performed to help explain their different adsorption behaviors on the silver and gold electrodes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast reconstruction using perforator flaps
Authors: Granzow Jay W. , Levine Joshua L. , Chiu Ernest S. , Allen Robert J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundPerforator flaps allow the transfer of the patient's own skin and fat in a reliable manner with minimal donor‐site morbidity. The deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEP) and superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps transfer the same tissue from the abdomen to the chest for breast reconstruction as the TRAM flap without sacrificing the rectus muscle or fascia. Gluteal artery perforator (GAP) flaps allow transfer of tissue from the buttock, also with minimal donor‐site morbidity.IndicationsMost women requiring tissue transfer to the chest for breast reconstruction or other reasons are candidates for perforator flaps. Absolute contraindications to perforator flap breast reconstruction include history of previous liposuction of the donor site or active smoking (within 1 month prior to surgery).Anatomy and TechniqueThe DIEP flap is supplied by intramuscular perforators from the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein. The SIEA flap is based on the SIEA and vein, which arise from the common femoral artery and saphenous bulb. GAP flaps are based on perforators from either the superior or inferior gluteal artery. During flap harvest, these perforators are meticulously dissected free from the surrounding muscle which is spread in the direction of the muscle fibers and preserved intact. The pedicle is anastomosed to recipient vessels in the chest and the donor site is closed without the use of mesh or other materials.ConclusionsPerforator flaps allow the safe and reliable transfer of abdominal tissue for breast reconstruction. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:441–454. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconstruction of the chestwall and thorax
Authors: Skoracki Roman J. , Chang David W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChest wall reconstructions can be complex and challenging procedures and may require a multidisciplinary approach. The most common indications for chest wall reconstruction are the repair of defects due to tumor ablation, infection, radiation necrosis, congenital deformities, and trauma. Flap reconstruction by plastic surgery is often required when skin is removed as part of the chest wall resection or when radiation therapy is given pre‐ or post‐operatively. Tissue flaps may be needed to provide vascularized tissue over alloplastic materials used to stabilize the chest wall, to cover vital structures of the chest cavity, to fill dead space, and to improve cosmesis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:455–465. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconstruction of the hypopharynx with the free jejunum transfer
Authors: Disa Joseph J. , Pusic Andrea L. , Mehrara Babak J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMicrosurgical techniques have revolutionized pharyngolaryngeal reconstruction. Free flap reconstruction with the free jejunal flap enables one stage reconstruction with minimal morbidity and mortality. This review will examine indications, operative technique, postoperative management, and expected outcomes for the hypopharyngeal reconstruction with the free jejunum flap. This procedure allows for maintenance of oral sections and rapid return of per‐oral feeds and swallowing. The vast majority of patients resume swallowing and can maintain adequate nutrition without the need for supplemental enteral feeding via a tube. The free jejunal transfer can be rapidly harvested in most instances and transplanted to the hypopharyngeal region with a greater than 95% success rate. The jejunum fee flap is most useful for circumferential defects of the hypopharynx, but can also be used for partial defects. The most common local complications are stricture and fistula formation. A history of preoperative radiation therapy increases the risk of local complications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:466–470. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lower extremity reconstruction
Authors: Heller Lior , Kronowitz Steven J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe current recommendation for surgical treatment of tumors of the lower extremity is a limb‐sparing resection. Limb‐sparing resection coupled with complex reconstructive techniques and complemented by new chemotherapeutic agents and adjuvant radiation therapy has allowed us to achieve survival rates that are comparable to those of amputation with a better functional outcome. Recent advances in microsurgical techniques and the associated technologies and a better understanding of microvascular anatomy has allowed us to customize flaps to the specific needs of the patients and to achieve a lower donor site morbidity. Increased communication between the specialties of the multidisciplinary treatment team has also improved outcomes. The reconstructive component has become an integral part of the multidisciplinary care for patients with lower extremity tumors. It not only allows them to rapidly resume adjuvant therapies but also enables them to more easily resume their activities of daily living. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:479–489. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconstruction of the hand and upper extremity after tumor resection
Authors: Saint‐Cyr Michel , Langstein Howard N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article reviews the surgical options available for reconstruction of the upper extremity following tumor resection. In order to achieve maximum function and limb salvage a multidisciplinary approach to patient care is emphasized. With proper preoperative planning, salvage of limb form and function can be accomplished in over 95% of cases. Successful reconstruction is measured by preservation of patient health, limb function, limb sensation and cosmesis and stable wound coverage. Important adjuncts to reconstruction include adequate postoperative splinting and aggressive rehabilitation to maximize long‐term upper extremity function. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:490–503. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scalp reconstruction
Authors: Mehrara Babak J. , Disa Joseph J. , Pusic Andrea 
Published: October 2006

AbstractScalp reconstruction after oncologic resection can be challenging. Wide surgical resections, in combination with co‐morbid conditions such as infected alloplastic material, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, or devascularized bone after craniotomy necessitate healthy, vascularized tissues for reconstruction. Although primary closure is feasible in some cases, the mainstay of treatment involves local tissue rearrangement with or without split thickness skin grafting. In addition, free tissue transfer is an important adjunct to therapy in patients with poor local tissues. Careful analysis of the defect and local tissues can help tailor the method of reconstruction and result in satisfactory closure in a majority of patients. Current techniques used for scalp reconstruction after surgical ablation are the subject of this review. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:504–508. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new modified method for nasal lining: The Menick technique for folded lining
Authors: Menick Frederick J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTraditional lining techniques such as prefabricated flaps, hinge‐over flaps, or second local flaps for lining are thick, stiff, or poorly vascularized. Support grafts have traditionally been placed incompletely or secondarily. Intranasal lining flaps have revolutionized reconstruction but are complex, tedious, and destructive to the residual nose. More recently, the forehead skin has been transferred for cover as a full thickness flap in three stages. It has allowed the modification of the traditional folded flap technique for lining to permit a simple, efficient, and widely useful method of lining replacement for common defects. Thin, supple, vascular lining is combined with delayed primary cartilage grafts to provide excellent functional and cosmetic results. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:509–514. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.