bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does impulsivity relate to perceived dependence on and actual use of the mobile phone?
Authors: Billieux Joël , Van der Linden Martial , d'Acremont Mathieu , Ceschi Grazia , Zermatten Ariane 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSeveral authors have studied the risks arising from the growth in mobile phone use (e.g. large debts incurred by young people, banned or dangerous use of cellular phones). The aim of this study is to analyse whether impulsivity, which has often been related to various forms of addictive behaviours, is associated with massive use of and dependence on the mobile phone. In this study, 108 female undergraduate psychology students were screened using a questionnaire evaluating actual use of and perceived dependence on the mobile phone, and with the French adaptation of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. This scale identifies four distinct components associated with impulsive behaviour: Urgency, lack of Premeditation, lack of Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking. The results showed that a relationship can be established between the use of and perceived dependence on the cellular phone and two facets of impulsivity: Urgency and lack of Perseverance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Effects of pre‐trial publicity and jury deliberation on juror bias and source memory errors
Authors: Ruva Christine , McEvoy Cathy , Bryant Judith Becker 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEffects of Pre‐Trial Publicity and Jury Deliberation on Juror Bias and Source Memory Errors. By Christine Ruva, Cathy McEvoy and Judith Becker Bryant.The above article (DOI:10.1002/acp.1254) was published online in Early View on 21 June 2006. An error has subsequently been identified in this article.The mediation analyses for the critical SM errors mistakenly reported that the Sobel test z was not significant when in fact it was, Sobel test z = 2.17 (1982). Therefore, critical SM errors were found to mediate the effect of PTP on guilt ratings suggesting that these errors may be a mechanism through which PTP imparts its biasing effects on juror decision making.
Solution‐Processed Organic Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Hadipour A. , de Boer B. , Wildeman J. , Kooistra F. B. , Hummelen J. C. , Turbiez M. G. R. , Wienk M. M. , Janssen R. A. J. , Blom P. W. M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA solution‐processed polymer tandem cell fabricated by stacking two single cells in series is demonstrated. The two bulk‐heterojunction subcells have complementary absorption maxima at λmax ∼ 850 nm and λmax ∼ 550 nm, respectively. A composite middle electrode is applied that serves both as a charge‐recombination center and as a protecting layer for the first cell during spin‐coating of the second cell. The subcells are electronically coupled in series, which leads to a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.4 V, equal to the sum of each subcell. The layer thickness of the first (bottom) cell is tuned to maximize the optical absorption of the second (top) cell. The performance of the tandem cell is presently limited by the relatively low photocurrent generation in the small‐bandgap polymer of the top cell. The combination of our tandem architecture with more efficient small‐bandgap materials will enable the realization of highly efficient organic solar cells in the near future.
Conformational Restriction in Novel NAN‐190 and MP3022 Analogs and Their 5‐HT1A Receptor Activity
Authors: Paluchowska Maria H. , Bugno Ryszard , Charakchieva‐Minol Sijka , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Tatarczyńska Ewa , Chojnacka‐Wójcik Ewa 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe newly synthesized analogs of NAN‐190 containing m‐Cl and m‐CF3 substituents in the arylpiperazine moiety and their conformationally restricted counterparts showed a very high 5‐HT1A receptor affinity. In the LLR test, the flexible compounds 4a and 5a displayed features of a partial agonist and agonist, respectively. The conformational restriction in the tested structures caused alternations in the observed in vivo effects; compounds 4b and 5b were classified as an inactive agent and an antagonist of postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptors, respectively. Rigidification of MP3022 and its 5,6‐dimethyl analog structures resulted in cis and trans stereoisomers 6b–9b with a 1‐ and 2‐substituted benzotriazole moiety. In both series, in vitro experiments showed that the cis configurations of the compounds were better tolerated by 5‐HT1A receptor sites than the trans ones. The conformational analysis revealed various spatial regions that can be explored by terminal benzotriazole fragments in those structures. Like the previously described cis‐6b, the new ligand cis‐7b, displayed features of a postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptor agonist, whereas cis‐8b was characterized as a partial agonist of those receptor sites. It was suggested that the nonlinear geometry of the above agents has significant influence on the postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptor stimulation.
Chromium(III) Complexes of D‐Glucosaminic Acid and their Effect on Decreasing Blood Sugar in Vivo
Authors: Ou Sheng‐Ju , Chen Guang , Lin Zhi‐Hua , Bai Zhi‐Ping , Duan Chun‐Ying , Mao Cai‐Ping 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTwo chromium(III) complexes of glucosaminic acid were synthesized by neutralization and exchange reaction. The formation of 1 : 1 and 2 : 3 (Cr : glucosaminate) complexes was confirmed by elemental analyses and spectroscopic studies. The effect of the complexes on decreasing blood sugar was investigated on type‐2 diabetes model rats induced by tetraoxypyrimidine. The results indicated that the effect on decreasing blood sugar was comparable to that of picolinate chromium complex (Cr(pic)3) currently used world wide.
Electrospun scaffold tailored for tissue‐specific extracellular matrix
Authors: Teo Wee‐Eong , He Wei , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex structure that is built to meet the specific requirements of the tissue and organ. Primarily consisting of nanometer diameter fibrils, ECM may contain other vital substances such as proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycan and various minerals. Current research in tissue engineering involves trying to replicate the ECM such that it provides the environment for tissue regeneration. Electrospinning is a versatile process that results in nanofibers by applying a high voltage to electrically charge a liquid. A variety of polymers and other substances have been incorporated into the artificial nanofibrous scaffold. Surface modification and cross‐linking of the nanofibers are some ways to improve the biocompatibility and stability of the scaffold. Electrospun scaffolds with oriented nanofibers and other assemblies can be constructed by modifying the electrospinning setup. Using electrospinning, researchers are able to specifically tailor the electrospun scaffold to meet the requirements of the tissue that they seek to regenerate. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that electrospun scaffolds hold great potential for tissue engineering applications.
Nano‐dispensing by electrospray for biotechnology
Authors: Kuil Maxim E. , Abrahams Jan Pieter , Marijnissen Jan C. M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLiquid transport of minute amounts of biomaterials is of paramount importance in many biotechnological applications. One of the challenges is the transport of viscous liquids without heating. Electro hydro dynamic atomization or electrospray is a viable method for the controlled transport of nanoliter volume of viscous liquids as shown for PEG400. Experimental results and the design of a novel spraying configuration, which can be incorporated in an optical microscope, are reported.
Piezoelectric ink jet processing of materials for medicaland biological applications
Authors: Sumerel Jan , Lewis John , Doraiswamy Andy , Deravi Leila F. , Sewell Sarah L. , Gerdon Aren E. , Wright David W. , Narayan Roger J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMany advanced medical and biological devices require microscale patterning of cells, proteins, and other biological materials. This article describes the use of piezoelectric ink jet processing in the fabrication of biosensors, cell‐based assays, and other microscale medical devices. A microelectromechanical system‐based piezoelectric transducer was used to develop uniform fluid flow through nozzles and to prepare well‐defined microscale patterns of proteins, monofunctional acrylate ester, sinapinic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and DNA scaffolds on relevant substrates. Our results demonstrate that piezoelectric ink jet deposition is a powerful non‐contact, non‐destructive additive process for developing biosensors, cell culture systems, and other devices for medical and biological applications.
Cell deposition system based on laser guidance
Authors: Pirlo Russell K. , Dean Delphine M. D. , Knapp Daniel R. , Gao Bruce Z. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe have designed a laser cell deposition system that employs the phenomenon of laser guidance to place single cells at specific points in a variety of in vitro environments. Here, we describe the components of the system: the laser optics, the deposition chamber, the microinjection cell feeding system and our custom system control software application. We discuss the requirements and challenges involved in laser guidance of cells and how our present system overcomes these challenges. We demonstrate that the patterning system is accurate within one micrometer by repeatedly depositing polymer microspheres and measuring their position. We demonstrate its ability to create highly defined living patterns of cells by creating a defined pattern of neurons with neurite extensions displaying normal function. We found that the positional accuracy of our system is smaller than the variations in cell size and pattern disruptions that occur from normal cell movement during substrate adhesion. The laser cell deposition system is a potentially useful tool that can be used to achieve site‐ and time‐specific placement of an individual cell in a cell culture for the systematic investigation of cell‐cell and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions.
Bio‐electrosprays: The next generation of electrified jets
Authors: Jayasinghe Suwan N. , Townsend‐Nicholson Andrea 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBiological electrosprays are rapidly becoming a robust means by which to engineer living organisms for applications ranging from tissue repair to developmental biology. We previously reported the ability to electrospray living organisms without compromising their viability, but found it challenging to achieve stability in the jetting of these organisms as a result of the chemical properties of the living cellular suspensions. Jet stability is required for the generation of a near‐mono distribution of droplets, which is necessary for the development of electrospray technology as a “drop and place” biotechnique. Recently, we determined the conditions needed to achieve jet stability and were able to generate droplets with a near‐mono distribution (<50 μm). In this communication, we elucidate the relationship between jet behaviour and droplet size under stable jetting conditions, with a view to further reducing the droplet size to deposit a single living cell within a droplet. We believe that this level of resolution will make electrospray jetting superior amongst the jet‐based biotechnologies presently being developed for the engineering of biological architectures comprised of living cells.
Localization of motoneurons that extend axons through the ventral rami of cervical nerves to innervate the trapezius muscle: A study using fluorescent dyes and 3D reconstruction method
Authors: Yan Jun , Aizawa Yukio , Hitomi Jiro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIt has been suggested that in addition to motor axons, which extend directly into the spinal accessory nerve (SAN), ventral rami‐associated motor fibers of cervical nerves also innervate the trapezius muscle. Using fluorescent dye labeling and 3D reconstruction in adult rats, this study clarifies the localization of motoneurons, which extend axons either directly through the SAN or through the ventral rami of cervical nerves to innervate the trapezius. DiI or DiI and DiO were used to label the ventral rami of cervical nerves entering the SAN, as well as branches of the SAN. We show that motoneurons whose axons pass through the ventral rami of cervical nerves and then enter the SAN, and those extending axons directly through the SAN are distributed within the same area. The neurons that extend axons through the SAN had a greater diameter than those axons that pass through the cervical nerves en route to the trapezius muscle. In addition, the axons that ultimately extend through the SAN exit the spinal cord dorsolaterally, while those that pass through the cervical nerves extend out the spinal cord through the ventral roots. We presume that the neurons that extend axons through the SAN are mainly α‐motoneurons and that those projecting axons through the cervical nerves to the trapezius are mainly γ‐motoneurons. Taken together, these results could explain why patients in whom the SAN was used to treat brachial plexus injury retain some control of the trapezius muscle. Clin. Anat. 20:41–47, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
False tendons: An endoscopic cadaveric approach
Authors: Loukas Marios , Louis Robert G. , Black Brandie , Pham Dianne , Fudalej Martin , Sharkees Michael 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFalse tendons (FTs) have been extensively described and recognized by gross anatomic studies. However, in the clinical setting the recognition of FTs is limited to the use of echocardiography. We examined 200 formalin fixed adult hearts, with gross dissections. In addition, 90 of these specimens were also examined with ultrasonographic and endoscopic techniques. Gross examination was able to identify FTs in 128 (62%) specimens. The total number of FTs observed, was 248 and was classified into five types according to their location. In Type I (92, 37.1%) the FT was located between the posteromedial papillary muscle and the ventricular septum. In Type II (55, 22.1%) the FT was located between the two papillary muscles. Type III (41, 16.5%) was classified as an FT between the anterolateral papillary muscle and the ventricular septum. The FT in Type IV (31, 12.5%) was observed to connect between the ventricular septum and the free wall and lastly in Type V (29, 11.6%) the FTs were found to be weblike with three or more points of insertion. When using all three techniques (n = 90), gross dissection and endoscopy were able to identify FTs in 62.2% of specimens while echocardiographic imaging was only able to identify FTs in 27.7% of specimens. Of the 114 FTs detected grossly and endoscopically, echocardiography was only able to identify 46 (40.3%). Therefore, the overall sensitivity of echocardiography for detecting left ventricular FTs was only 40.3%, compared to 100% for endoscopy. Based upon the ability or lack thereof of echocardiography to detect certain topographical patterns, we have created a small series of subtypes for the FTs. Histologically, in 30% of the FTs, conduction tissue fiber was observed to be present, which may implicate them in the appearance of arrhythmias. Clin. Anat. 20:163–169, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence and ossification of sesamoid bones in the hands and feet: A radiographic study in an Arab population
Authors: Dharap A.S. , Al‐Hashimi H. , Kassab S. , Abu‐Hijleh M.F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe incidence and ossification of sesamoid bones in the hands and feet were studied in 922 radiographs (400 hands and 522 feet) in an Arab population from Bahrain, 5–83 years of age and consisting of 549 adults (393 men and 156 women) and 373 children (286 boys and 97 girls). All radiographs of the hand and foot in the adult population showed two sesamoid bones in the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and in the hallucal metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, respectively. Only 2.3% and 1.5% of hands showed sesamoids at the MCP joints of the middle and ring fingers respectively compared to a reported incidence of 7.1% for each digit in Caucasians. The incidence of sesamoids in the MTP joints of third and fourth toes (0.6% each) and inferior to the hallucal interphalangeal joint (3.1%) is probably the lowest reported so far in the literature. In the hands, ossification commenced first in the thumb sesamoids, at the age of 10 years in females and 11 years in males and was completed by the age of 13 and 14 years, respectively. In the feet, ossification began first in the hallucal sesamoids at the age of 8 years in females and 9 years in males and was completed by the age of 10 years in both sexes. The incidence and ossification of sesamoids in the hands and feet in the Arab population from Bahrain seem to differ considerably from reports in other populations. The clinical significance of our findings is discussed. Clin. Anat. 20:416–423, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomic compartments of the foot: A 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Reach John S. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Felmlee Joel P. , Stanley David W. , Alcorn J. Michael , Turner Norman S. , Carmichael Stephen W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThere is neither consensus on the number nor agreement on the location of the anatomic compartments of the foot. This project utilized high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify foot compartments. The purpose of this study was to devise a new system using 3‐Tesla (3T) MRI that assessed the number and location of these compartments. Six feet from healthy volunteers were imaged. From these, 10 compartments were described: (1) medial, (2) calcaneal, (3) lateral, (4) central superficial, (5) central deep (adductor), (6–9) interossei, and (10) skin. The 3T MRI and foot/ankle coil allowed us to assess the number and location of foot compartments. Clin. Anat. 20:201–208, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cadaveric findings of persistent fetal trigeminal arteries
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Salter E. George , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPersistence of fetal intracranial arteries is rare. We review this anatomical literature regarding the persistence of the trigeminal artery and discuss the findings in two cadaveric cases both found to harbor this vessel. This anomaly should be considered by the clinician and anatomist who view imaging of the skull base. Additionally, the relationships between such an artery and other structures within the cavernous sinus should be understood by the neurosurgeon who operates in this region, e.g., transsphenoidal approaches to the skull base. Clin. Anat. 20:367–370, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CMV: The unitary analogue of Jacobi matrices
Authors: Killip Rowan , Nenciu Irina 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe discuss a number of properties of CMV matrices, by which we mean the class of unitary matrices studied recently by Cantero, Moral, and Velázquez. We argue that they play an equivalent role among unitary matrices to that of Jacobi matrices among all Hermitian matrices. In particular, we describe the analogues of well‐known properties of Jacobi matrices: foliation by co‐adjoint orbits, a natural symplectic structure, algorithmic reduction to this shape, Lax representation for an integrable lattice system (Ablowitz‐Ladik), and the relation to orthogonal polynomials. As offshoots of our analysis, we will construct action/angle variables for the finite Ablowitz‐Ladik hierarchy and describe the long‐time behavior of this system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear stability and instability of relativistic Vlasov‐Maxwell systems
Authors: Lin Zhiwu , Strauss Walter 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe prove the nonlinear stability or instability of certain periodic equilibria of the 1½D relativistic Vlasov‐Maxwell system. In particular, for a purely magnetic equilibrium with vanishing electric field, we prove its nonlinear stability under a sharp criterion by extending the usual Casimir‐energy method in several new ways. For a general electromagnetic equilibrium we prove that nonlinear instability follows from linear instability. The nonlinear instability is macroscopic, involving only the L1‐norms of the electromagnetic fields. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The ‘pros’ and ‘cons’ of joint EMS and group certification: a Swedish case study
Authors: Zobel Thomas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSmall and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are collectively responsible for a significant portion of the total environmental burden worldwide. A common tool used by SMEs to improve their environmental performance is the environmental management system (EMS), which has the disadvantage that it has been developed with larger organizations in mind. A common approach used by Swedish SMEs to facilitate the implementation of an EMS is joint EMS and group certification. This paper evaluates this approach by means of a case study. It is found that the approach is effective for small and micro‐sized companies in achieving ISO 14001 certification as fast and cost effectively as possible. A few short cuts including joint environmental policy and objectives and insufficient environmental organization are however threatening to undermine the trustworthiness of the approach. Notwithstanding these flaws, however, it must be concluded that the joint EMS approach is a good alternative for small and micro‐sized companies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B activity regulates larval growth rate and germline development in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yu Xiang , Vought Valarie E. , Conradt Barbara , Maine Eleanor M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn C. elegans, a population of proliferating germ cells is maintained via GLP‐1/Notch signaling; in the absence of GLP‐1 signaling, germ cells prematurely enter meiosis and differentiate. We previously identified ego (enhancer of glp‐1) genes that promote germline proliferation and interact genetically with the GLP‐1 signaling pathway. Here, we report that iffb‐1 (initiation factor five B) is an ego gene. iffb‐1 encodes the sole C. elegans isoform of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B, a protein essential for translation. We have used RNA interference and a deletion mutation to determine the developmental consequences of reduced iffb‐1 activity. Our data indicate that maternal iffb‐1 gene expression is sufficient for embryogenesis, and zygotic iffb‐1 expression is required for development beyond late L1/early L2 stage. Partial reduction in iffb‐1 expression delays larval development and can severely disrupt proliferation and differentiation of germ cells. We hypothesize that germline development is particularly sensitive to iffb‐1 expression level. genesis 44:412–418, 2006. © Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Stereochemical Aspects of 2,6‐Disubstituted Perhydroazulenes – Core Units for a New Class of Liquid Crystalline Materials
Authors: Hussain Zakir , Hopf Henning , Pohl Ludwig , Oeser Thomas , Fischer Axel K. , Jones Peter G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA novel approach for the synthesis of cis/trans‐fused perhydroazulenes 13–19 is reported. The stereochemistry of the derivatives of carbene addition products 9a–c/20–22, of the 2,6‐disubstituted perhydroazulenes 12a–c/23–25, and that of compounds 26–27 has been studied by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The hydrogenation of the tropylidene to the perhydroazulene skeleton under various conditions is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A New Synthetic Approach to Novel Spiro‐β‐lactams
Authors: Bhalla Aman , Venugopalan Paloth , Bari Shamsher S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn operationally simple and efficient approach for the synthesis of novel spiro‐β‐lactams is described. The key reaction is a halogen‐mediated intrasulfenyl cyclization of a cis‐3‐benzylthio‐3‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy/‐enyloxy)‐β‐lactam procured through a Lewis acid‐mediated C‐3‐alkylation of the trans‐3‐benzylthio‐3‐chloro‐β‐lactam carbocation equivalent. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)