bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VEGFR2 expressing circulating (progenitor) cell populations in volunteers and cancer patients
Authors: Vroling Laura , Yuana Yuana , Schuurhuis Gerrit Jan , van Hinsbergh Victor , Gundy Chad , de Haas Richard , van Cruijsen Hester , Boven Epie , Hoekman Klaas , Broxterman Henk 
Published: July 2007

SummaryCirculating cells of several lineages are thought to participate in angiogenesis and tumor growth. Experimental studies in tumorbearing mice have pointed to the potential importance of VEGFresponding circulating (endothelial) progenitor cells in tumor growth.We have studied circulating CD31- and/or CD34-positive cell populations with a low to moderateVEGFR2 expression in human volunteers and cancer patients. We recognized four cell populations, which were further characterized by their content of major hematopoetic progenitor, monocytic, endothelial and platelet markers. After establishing the test-retest stability of the measurements in nine patients, we determined the frequencies of the various cell populations in a group of 20 volunteers and 14 cancer patients.Two populations were markedly increased in cancer patients. Small CD45neg /CD34bright/VEGFR2+ cells amounted to 12 and 64 cells/ml (P<0.0001), respectively, and 246/ml and 578/ml VEGFR2+/CD45bright (/CD14+) monocytic cells were present in controls and cancer patients, respectively (P=0.017). A third population of CD45dim/CD34bright/ VEGFR2low cells amounted to 25 and 30 cells/ml (P=0.38).Unexpectedly, a population of mainly anucleated CD45low/CD31bright/ CD41bright cells was present in numbers of 9,076 and 16,697/ml (P=0.04) in volunteers and cancer patients, which contained a VEGFR2low (compared to IgG isotype control) expressing population amounting to 1,142 and 1,642 cells/ml (P=0.12). This fourth population probably reflects large platelets. The role of the herein identified VEGFR2+ circulating cell populations deserve further investigation in cancer patients treated with VEGF(R)-targeted therapies. Quantification of such cell populations in the blood of tumor patients may be valuable to monitor the efficacy of anti-angiogenic treatment.
echinus, required for interommatidial cell sorting and cell death in the Drosophila pupal retina, encodes a protein with homology to ubiquitin-specific proteases
Authors: Copeland Jeffrey M , Bosdet Ian , Freeman J Douglas , Guo Ming , Gorski Sharon M , Hay Bruce A 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundProgrammed cell death is used to remove excess cells between ommatidia in theDrosophilapupal retina. This death is required to establish the crystalline, hexagonal packing of ommatidia that characterizes the adult fly eye. In previously describedechinusmutants, interommatidial cell sorting, which precedes cell death, occurred relatively normally. Interommatidial cell death was partially suppressed, resulting in adult eyes that contained excess pigment cells, and in which ommatidia were mildly disordered. These results have suggested thatechinusfunctions in the pupal retina primarily to promote interommatidial cell death.ResultsWe generated a number of newechinus alleles, some likely null mutants. Analysis of these alleles provides evidence thatechinushas roles in cell sorting as well as cell death.echinusencodes a protein with homology to ubiquitin-specific proteases. These proteins cleave ubiquitin-conjugated proteins at the ubiquitin C-terminus. Theechinuslocus encodes multiple splice forms, including two proteins that lack residues thought to be critical for deubiquitination activity. Surprisingly, ubiquitous expression in the eye of versions of Echinus that lack residues critical for ubiquitin specific protease activity, as well as a version predicted to be functional, rescue theechinusloss-of-function phenotype. Finally, genetic interactions were not detected betweenechinusloss and gain-of-function and a number of known apoptotic regulators. These include Notch, EGFR, the caspases Dronc, Drice, Dcp-1, Dream, the caspase activators, Rpr, Hid, and Grim, the caspase inhibitor DIAP1, and Lozenge or Klumpfuss.ConclusionTheechinuslocus encodes multiple splice forms of a protein with homology to ubiquitin-specific proteases, but protease activity is unlikely to be required forechinusfunction, at least whenechinusis overexpressed. Characterization of likelyechinusnull alleles and genetic interactions suggests thatechinusacts at a novel point(s) to regulate interommatidial cell sorting and/or cell death in the fly eye.
Support to woman by a companion of her choice during childbirth: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bruggemann Odalea M , Parpinelli Mary A , Osis Maria JD , Cecatti Jose G , Neto Antonio S Carvalhinho 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the support given to women by a companion of their choice during labor and delivery.MethodsA total of 212 primiparous women were enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial carried out between February 2004 and March 2005. One hundred and five women were allocated to the group in which support was permitted and 107 to the group in which there was no support. Variables regarding patient satisfaction and events related to obstetrical care, neonatal results and breastfeeding were evaluated. Student's t-test or Wilcoxon's test, chi-square or Fisher's exact test, risk ratios, and their respective 95% confidence intervals were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsOverall, the women in the support group were more satisfied with labor (median 88.0 versus 76.0, p < 0.0001) and delivery (median 91.4 versus 77.1, p < 0.0001). During labor, patient satisfaction was associated with the presence of a companion (RR 8.06; 95%CI: 4.84 – 13.43), with care received (RR 1.11; 95%CI: 1.01 – 1.22) and with medical guidance (RR 1.14 95%CI: 1.01 – 1.28). During delivery, satisfaction was associated with having a companion (RR 5.57, 95%CI: 3.70 – 8.38), with care received (RR 1.11 95%CI: 1.01 – 1.22) and with vaginal delivery (RR 1.33 95%CI:1.02 – 1.74). The only factor that was significantly lower in the support group was the occurrence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (RR 0.51; 95%CI: 0.28 – 0.94). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to any of the other variables.ConclusionThe presence of a companion of the woman's choice had a positive influence on her satisfaction with the birth process and did not interfere with other events and interventions, with neonatal outcome or breastfeeding.
Strategy for encoding and comparison of gene expression signatures
Authors: Yi Yajun , Li Chun , Miller Clay , George Alfred L 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEXALT (EXpression signature AnaLysis Tool) is a computational system enabling comparisons of microarray data across experimental platforms and different laboratories http://seq.mc.vanderbilt.edu/exalt/. An essential feature of EXALT is a database holding thousands of gene expression signatures extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and encoded in a searchable format. This novel approach to performing global comparisons of shared microarray data may have enormous value when coupled directly with a shared data repository.
Comprehensive characterization of the cis-regulatory code responsible for the spatio-temporal expression of olSix3.2in the developing medaka forebrain
Authors: Conte Ivan , Bovolenta Paola 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Background
Embryonic development is coordinated by sets of cis-regulatory elements that are collectively responsible for the precise spatio-temporal organization of regulatory gene networks. There is little information on how these elements, which are often associated with highly conserved noncoding sequences, are combined to generate precise gene expression patterns in vertebrates. To address this issue, we have focused on Six3, an important regulator of vertebrate forebrain development.

Results
Using computational analysis and exploiting the diversity of teleost genomes, we identified a cluster of highly conserved noncoding sequences surrounding the Six3 gene. Transgenesis in medaka fish demonstrates that these sequences have enhancer, silencer, and silencer blocker activities that are differentially combined to control the entire distribution of Six3.

Conclusion
This report provides the first example of the precise regulatory code necessary for the expression of a vertebrate gene, and offers a unique framework for defining the interplay of trans-acting factors that control the evolutionary conserved use of Six3.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer: Review of the Literature
Authors: Tropé Claes , Kaern Janne 
Published: July 2007

Purpose This overview summarizes studies with acceptable quality and validity and presents a synthesis of the effectiveness on adjuvant therapy after surgery for early ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Methods The literature published between 1970 and 2006 was identified systematically by computer-based searches in MEDLINE and Cochrane library. Results Twenty-two prospective randomized studies were analyzed, which included 4,626 patients. No difference between adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) and radiotherapy was found. There is agreement on that patients with stage IA, grade 1 tumors have excellent survival and do not need postsurgical therapy. The International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm 1/Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Ovarian Neoplasm trials were the first to show an effect on survival of AC, but in patients with adequate surgical staging, there was no additional effect of AC. For patients who are staged incompletely at the time of initial surgery, completion of the staging procedure with either laparoscopy or laparotomy is a reasonable approach before a final decision is made regarding the need for AC. If full staging cannot be performed due to medical contraindication or patient refusal, consideration of AC is reasonable in selected patients. Using prognostic variables such as grade, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics substage, pretreatment of CA-125 ≤ 30 U/mL, and DNA ploidy, it is possible to divide patients into risk groups to avoid overtreatment. Gynecologic Oncology Group study 157 suggests that it may be possible to minimize chemotherapy-induced toxicity by using three instead of six cycles of AC, although it is not known fully whether this will compromise effectiveness. Conclusion Future randomized studies in EOC will include the investigation of new targeted therapies and new prognostic factors in adequately staged patients.
Immature and Neurally Differentiated Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Do Not Express a Functional Fas/Fas Ligand System
Authors: Brunlid Gabriella , Pruszak Jan , Holmes Benjamin , Isacson Ole , Sonntag Kai-Christian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe potential of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells to develop into functional cells or tissue provides an opportunity in the development of new therapies for many diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. The survival of implanted cells usually requires systemic immunosuppression, however, which severely compromises the host immune system, leading to complications in clinical transplantation. An optimal therapy would therefore be the induction of specific tolerance to the donor cells, while otherwise preserving functional immune responses. Fas ligand (FasL) is expressed in activated lymphocytes as well as cells in “immune-privileged” sites including the central nervous system. Its receptor, Fas, is expressed on various immune-reactive cell types, such as activated natural killer and T cells, monocytes, and polymorphic mononucleocytes, which can undergo apoptosis upon interaction with FasL. To render transplanted cells tolerant to host cellular immune responses, we genetically engineered mouse ES cells to express rat FasL (rFasL). The rFasL-expressing ES cells were analyzed for survival during in vitro neurodifferentiation and after transplantation to the rat brain without further immunosuppression. Although control transfected HEK-293T cells expressed functional rFasL, immature and differentiated mouse ES cells did not express the recombinant rFasL surface protein. Furthermore, there was no evidence for functional endogenous Fas and FasL expression on either ES cells or on neural cells after in vitro differentiation. Moreover, implanted rFasL-engineered ES cells did not survive in the rat brains in the absence of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A. Our results indicate that immature and differentiated mouse ES cells do not express a functional Fas/FasL system.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Photo-Fenton processes assisted by solar light used as preliminary step to biological treatment applied to winery wastewaters
Authors: Mosteo R. , Ormad M.P. , Ovelleiro J.L. 
Published: July 2007

Winery wastewaters are difficult to treat by conventional biological processes, because they are seasonal and experience substantial flow variations. Photocatalytic advanced oxidation is a promising technology for wastewaters containing high amounts of organic matter.
In this research work, solar assisted photo-Fenton processes of both heterogeneous and homogeneous phase are used in the pre-treatment of winery wastewaters. The results of these experiments have confirmed the suitability of the photo-Fenton processes, due to these treatments achieving purification levels of up to 50% (measured as total organic carbon). The intermediate effluents are treated adequately by aerobic biological treatment (activated sludge process), due to the decrease in organic matter concentration present in winery wastewaters. The possibility of a combined photo-Fenton process, based on the use of sunlight, and aerobic biological treatment (activated sludge) is suggested.
Physicians' Efficacy Requirements for Prescribing Medications to Persons with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Oremus Mark , Wolfson Christina , Bergman Howard , Vandal Alain C 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTPhysicians (N = 803) were contacted via postal survey and given two sets of efficacy measures for drug treatments in Alzheimer's disease: (a) the time that patients spend in a mild or moderate state of disease; (b) levels of modification to disease progression in the areas of cognition, behaviour, and mood, and ability to perform basic activities of daily living. Physicians reported that they would prescribe a hypothetical, new Alzheimer's disease medication if it would allow patients to remain in their current disease state for 15 (mild) or 11 (moderate) additional months. Most physicians required a permanent halt to, or some reversal of, disease progression as a prerequisite for prescribing; a few required substantial reversal. More stringent efficacy requirements were negatively associated with physicians' current prescribing of cholinesterase inhibitors to persons with Alzheimer's disease, although the effects were either small (odds ratio = 0.99) or not statistically significant at the 5 per cent level. The results suggest that physicians with stringent efficacy requirements for clinically relevant efficacy measures are less likely to prescribe cholinesterase inhibitors.
Murine glutathione S‐transferase A1‐1 in sickle transgenic mice
Authors: Ginzburg Yelena Z. , Andorfer John H. , Rybicki Anne C. , Fabry Mary E. , Nagel Ronald L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPatients with sickle cell anemia exhibit mild to moderate renal and liver damage. Glutathione S‐transferase A1‐1 is produced during kidney and liver damage. We hypothesized that cellular damage in sickle transgenic mice would lead to increased serum and urine murine glutathione S‐transferase A1‐1 levels. Levels of murine glutathione S‐transferase A1‐1 in the serum and urine of S+S‐Antilles, NY1DD, and control mice were measured by ELISA, which revealed that the serum of S+S‐Antilles mice, relative to controls, had elevated levels of murine glutathione S‐transferase A1‐1 (P = 0.005) as did NY1DD mice (P = 0.02, baseline vs. 2‐day hypoxia). Serum liver enzymes, such as aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase, as well as lactate dehydrogenase were increased in S+S‐Antilles mice relative to controls (P = 0.000006, P = 0.0003, and P = 0.029, respectively). Urine murine glutathione S‐transferase A1‐1 of S+S‐Antilles mice, as well as NY1DD mice under hypoxic stress, was not significantly different from controls. Murine glutathione S‐transferase class‐mu was measured by ELISA in the urine of sickle transgenic mice and control mice to define the location of tubular damage at the proximal convoluted tubule; murine Glutathione S‐transferase class‐mu was below the limit of detection. These findings suggest that elevated levels of murine glutathione S‐transferase A1‐1 in the serum reflect release during liver damage and that proximal tubular damage does not lead to appreciable urinary murine glutathione S‐transferase A1‐1. Am. J. Hematol. 82:911–915, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cognitive approach to develop dynamic models: Application to polymerization systems
Authors: Lima Nádson Murilo Nascimento , Filho Rubens Maciel , Embiruçu Marcelo , Maciel Maria Regina Wolf 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn alternative procedure based on cognitive approach is applied to develop dynamic models. The solution copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate in a continuous stirred tank reactor is analyzed to illustrate the cognitive model development. Factorial planning was used to discriminate the process variables with higher impact on the process performance (effects) and they are used to built‐up a dynamic model based on the functional fuzzy relationship of Takagi–Sugeno type. Gaussian membership functions are considered for the cognitive sets and subtractive clustering method supplied the parameters of the premises of the model. Consequence functions are obtained through an optimization problem solved by a least square based algorithm. The kinetic parameters and reactor operating conditions are obtained from the literature and a mathematical model is considered as plant for identification data generation. Dynamic cognitive models showed satisfactory predictive capabilities and may be an interesting alternative to attack problems of modeling in chemical processes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
The development of a facet analysis system to identify and measure the dimensions of interaction in online learning
Authors: Miksa Shawne D. , Burnett Kathleen , Bonnici Laurie J. , Kim Joonmin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe development of a facet analysis system to code and analyze data in a mixed‐method study is discussed. The research goal was to identify the dimensions of interaction that contribute to student satisfaction in online Web‐supported courses. The study was conducted between 2000 and 2002 at the Florida State University School of Information Studies. The researchers developed a facet analysis system that meets S. R. Ranganathan's (1967) requirements for articulation on three planes (idea, verbal, and notational). This system includes a codebook (verbal), coding procedures, and formulae (notational) for quantitative analysis of logs of chat sessions and postings to discussion boards for eight master's level courses taught online during the fall 2000 semester. Focus group interviews were subsequently held with student participants to confirm that results of the facet analysis reflected their experiences with the courses. The system was developed through a process of emergent coding. The researchers have been unable to identify any prior use of facet analysis for the analysis of research data as in this study. Identifying the facet analysis system was a major breakthrough in the research process, which, in turn, provided the researchers with a lens through which to analyze and interpret the data. In addition, identification of the faceted nature of the system opens up new possibilities for automation of the coding process.
Physische Beobachtungen von Kometen. XI
Authors: Beyer M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDer vorliegende Bericht schließt unmittelbar an die in Astron. Nachr. 284.112 veröffentlichten Ergebnisse an und enthält die zwischen 1955 Aug. 17 und 1957 Okt. 1 erhaltenen Beobachtungen von weiteren 9 Kometen. In zwei Fällen konnten die angezeigten Entdeckungen eines helleren Kometen nicht bestätigt werden, in einem weiteren war infolge ungünstiger Bedingungen nur eine wenig sichere Beobachtung möglich. Im übrigen wurde das Hauptgewicht wie bisher auf die Gewinnung möglichst zuverlässiger Gesamthelligkeiten des Kometenkopfes gelegt, um die mit dem wechselnden Sonnenabstand verbundene Helligkeitsentwicklung untersuchen zu können. Die Beobachtungen der letzten Jahre bestätigen die auch aus photographischen Filteraufnahmen gewonnene Erfahrung, daß die Kometen, unabhängig von ihren Größen, eine sehr verschiedenartige Beschaffenheit haben. Jedes Objekt hat seine individuelle Gestalt, die auch in den verschiedenen Sonnenabständen im wesentlichen erhalten bleibt. So unterscheiden sich die spitzen, sehr staubreichen Schweifkometen, denen eine Koma oft ganz fehlt, sehr stark von den zumeist kugelrunden, gasförmigen Köpfen mit einer sternartigen Verdichtung, aus der Bündel fadenförmiger Strahlen des CO+ fast geradlinig in den Raum gestoßen werden. Die Helligkeitsentwicklung verläuft bei der ersten Gruppe der Staubkometen wesentlich stetiger und ruhiger, was deutlich in dem zumeist niedrigeren Wert des Exponenten n (zwischen 2 und 4) zum Ausdruck kommt, wenn man die Intensitätsänderungen des Kometen in erster Näherung durch Ibeob = \]
}\rm I{_}}\rm beob {{ = \frac}}I_0 {{}}r∧n \Delta ∧2 {{
\[ darstellt. Einige Objektivprismen‐Spektrogramme, die von den sehr hellen Kometen AREND‐ROLAND (1956 h) und MRKOS (1957 d) erhalten wurden, lassen in Übereinstimmung mit den übrigen Beobachtungen auf einen überwiegenden Anteil reflektierender Teilchen auch in den Schweifen schließen.
Die Intensitätsverteilung im kontinuierlichen Spektrum von Sternen der Spektralklassen B–M (Mitteilungen des Astrophysikalischen Observatoriums Potsdam Nr. 72)
Authors: Lamla Erich 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDas in verschiedenen Spektralphotometrien enthaltene Beobachtungsmaterial über die spektrale Intensitätsverteilung des verschmierten Kontinuums der Sterne der Spektralklassen B–M der Leuchtkraftgruppen I bzw. II, III und V wird dazu benutzt, mit Hilfe der bereits vorhandenen Anschlüsse der kontinuierlichen Sternstrahlung an die eines PLANCKschen Strahlers die „absoluten”︁ Intensitätsverteilungen zu erhalten. Soweit die Beobachtungen nicht ausreichen, werden diese im ultravioletten und infraroten Wellenlängenbereich durch theoretisch berechnete Intensitätsverteilungen ergänzt, so daß schließlich der Verlauf des verschmierten Kontinuums der Sternspektren im Wellenlängenbereich 300 ≦ γ ≦ 1060 mμ zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann. – Eine mittlere Beziehung zwischen dem Strahlungsstrom der Sterne und ihren Spektraltypen gibt die Möglichkeit, die „absoluten”︁ Intensitätsverteilungen in absolute Einheiten umzurechnen. — Weiterhin werden die Lage der Farbbereiche verschiedener Mehrfarbenphotometrien in bezug auf die Standard‐Intensitätsverteilungen untersucht und Zwei‐Farbenindex‐Diagramme unter Verwendung verschiedener langwelliger Farbenindizes aufgestellt, um festzustellen, wann eine bessere Trennung der Bildpunkte der Hauptreihensterne in diesen Diagrammen von denen der Riesensterne erreicht werden kann. – Abschließend wird der Intensitätsverlauf des Kontinuums des Spektrum‐Variablen α And untersucht.