bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streamlining the highly reproducible fabrication of fibrous biomedical specimens towards standardization and high throughput
Authors: Lang Gregor , Lamberger Zan , Mussoni Camilla , Murenu Nicoletta , Mier Mateo Andrade , Stahlhut Philipp , Ahmad Taufiq , Schaefer Natascha , Villmann Carmen , Zwingelberg Sarah , Groll Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Nano- and micro-fiber-based scaffolds bear enormous potential for their use in cell culture and tissue engineering, since they mimic natural collagen structures and may thus serve as biomimetic adhesive substrates. They have, however, so far been restricted to small scale production in research labs with high batch-to-batch variation. They are commonly produced via electrospinning or melt electro-writing and their delicate nature poses obstacles in detachment, storage, and transportation. This study focuses on overcoming challenges in the high throughput production and practical handling, introducing new methods to reproducibly prepare such scaffolds suitable for quantitative cell culture applications. Attention is given to the seamless handling and transfer of samples without compromising structural integrity. Challenges in detaching fibers without damage as well as storage, and transport are addressed. Cell culture studies demonstrate the methodological advantages, emphasizing the potential for standardized testing and biological readouts of these fiber materials. The developed methods are applicable across various electrospinning and melt electro-writing approaches and can essentially contribute to their utilization in laboratory research and commercial applications.
GLONASS-K attitude: rapid turning maneuvers and other deviations from ideal yaw steering
Authors: Dilssner Florian , Springer Tim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This paper provides a description of the GLONASS-K yaw turn maneuvers that regularly occur at orbit noon and orbit midnight when the Sun’s elevation angle relative to the satellite orbital plane is between − 2.0 and + 2.0 degrees. Formulas for maneuver modeling are presented, which can be easily integrated into any Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software. Triple-frequency carrier phase observations from the global International GNSS Service (IGS) tracking network are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the model. Yaw angle estimates for the first GLONASS-K1 and first GLONASS-K2 spacecraft indicate that the actual yaw attitude follows the theoretical steering model with an accuracy of about 2 degrees. In addition to the regular yaw maneuvers, examples of other systematic deviations from the ideal GLONASS-K yaw attitude are presented.
Frequent host-switch and gene exchange shape the evolution of Staphylococcus aureus ST398
Authors: Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Lin Qiang , Timbermont Leen , Vlaeminck Jelle , Nguyen Minh , Schalk Thomas van der , Tabor David , Raafat Dina , Lammens Christine , Holtfreter Silva , Paling Fleur , Jafri Hassan , François Bruno , Sellman Bret , Esser Mark , Bonten Marc J. M. , Goossens Hermann , Völker Uwe , Wamel Willem van , Glupczynski Youri , Kumar-Singh Samir , Kluytmans Jan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus ST398 is a typical ‘One Health’ pathobiont exemplifying multiple-host tropisms. Here we traced the evolutionary trajectory of the global accessory genome (an assembly of accessory genes) of S. aureus ST398 over 20 years, with the aim of identifying the mechanisms linking accessory genomes with multiple-host tropisms and the phylogenomic traits associated with severe human infections. We analyzed 1079 high-quality genomes of ST398 from 13 host species, spanning 23 years (1998–2021) and 25 countries across 5 continents, and showed that accessory gene pools of ST398 substantially expanded in the early period before 2010, aligning with the increase in the host-species spectrum. The more recent shifts of accessory genomes were mainly driven by stochastic processes. Accessory genes transferred widely across ST398 from different host-species and barely formed host-specific accessory gene pools, indicating that a host-jump of ST398 was followed shortly by another host-switch rather than a long-term co-evolution with a new host species to generate host-specific gene pools. Human-ST398 was a major recipient of accessory gene transfer, with more common gene transfer with ST398 from pig than other animals. Life-threatening exotoxin genes separately encoding Panton-Valentine Leukocidin and the staphylococcal enterotoxin B were abundant and exclusive to human-ST398 that showed a higher evolution rate than animal-ST398. Both accessory and core genome analyses implied nutrient metabolism as a major force for ST398 evolution. Analyses of clinical data revealed a conserved evolution of ST398 along infection development within a patient, and identified a novel subtype ST398-9 (a relatively recent phylogenetic branch) and phages StauST398_5 and StauST398_1 to be closely associated with human infections. Our findings elucidate mechanisms underlying the distribution and evolution of accessory gene pools of ST398, which determine the development of multiple-host tropisms and pathogenicity.
Assessment of Bovine Umbilical Cord-Derived Stem Cells in Conjunction with Glutamine for Mitigation of Hepatic Injury in the Context of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zong Junlin , Liu Yanchen , Guan Yuhan , Yan Yan , Feng Jintao , Long Xu , Guan Weijun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a localized-to-systemic inflammatory disorder that triggers the release of various proinflammatory mediators. Unfortunately, effective treatments for this condition are currently lacking, and a substantial portion of AP patients succumb to liver failure due to the intricate physiological and pathological interplay between the liver and pancreas.Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) exhibit notable attributes, including multipotent differentiation capacity, colony-forming potential, and robust migratory responses to injury. Glutamine, an essential amino acid in cell culture and a source of immune cells, is used in early nutritional interventions to help with pancreatitis.In this study, our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a combinatorial approach involving UCMSCs and glutamine in the management of hepatic injury associated with pancreatitis.
To accomplish this objective, we established an acute pancreatitis murine model and administered UCMSCs via tail vein njections while concurrently providing oral glutamine supplementation. The homing of these cells was observed in rats through fluorescence microscopy. A comprehensive array of techniques was employed to assess treatment outcomes.Histopathological examination, as revealed by HE staining, demonstrated a significantly reduced extent of pancreatic tissue damage in both the UCMSC-treated and combined therapy groups compared to the AP control group. Serum amylase and lipase activities were markedly diminished in the UCMSC and combined therapy groups in comparison to the untreated AP group (P<0.05).
Furthermore, the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly attenuated, while those of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 and SOD were notably elevated in the UCMSC-treated and combined therapy groups (P<0.05).The assessment of apoptosis, a pivotal aspect of tissue damage in pancreatitis, demonstrated a significantly higher apoptotic index in the untreated AP group (P<0.05), whereas it was significantly lower in the UCMSC-treated and combined therapy groups (P<0.05).
Our findings indicate that the combined therapeutic approach involving UCMSCs and glutamine substantially mitigates hepatocyte apoptosis induced by acute pancreatitis (AP). However, there was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between combination therapy and direct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in ameliorating liver injury in the context of pancreatitis(P>0.05). While combination glutamine therapy presents a promising and novel therapeutic avenue, its efficacy not diverges from that of direct cell-based regimens.
Wild rice GL12 regulated by GIF1 and WRKY53 synergistically improves grain length and salt tolerance in cultivated rice
Authors: Qiao Weihua , Wang Yanyan , Chen Wenxi , Xing Meng , Sun Jiaqiang , Wang Shizhuang , Yang Ziyi , Huang Jingfen , Nie Yamin , Zhao Mingchao , Li Yapeng , Guo Wenlong , Wang Yinting , Chen Ziyi , Zhang Qiaoling , Hu Jiang , Li Yunhai , Huang Ke , Zheng Xiaoming , Zhou Leina , Zhang Lifang , Cheng Yunlian , Qian Qian , yang qingwen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The abounding variations in wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) provided potential reservoirs of beneficial genes for rice breeding. Maintaining stable and high yields under environmental stresses is a long-standing goal of rice breeding but is challenging due to internal trade-off mechanisms. Here, we reported a gene in wild rice as a candidate target for achieving this goal in cultivated rice. Wild rice GL12W improves grain length, grain weight, and salt tolerance in both indica and japonica genetic backgrounds. GL12W alters cell length by regulating grain size related genes including GS2, and positively regulates the salt tolerance related genes, such as NAC5, NCED3, under salt stresses. We found that a G/T variation in GL12 promoter determined its binding to coactivator GIF1 and transcript factor WRKY53. GIF1 promotes GL12W expression in young panicle and WRKY53 represses GL12W expression under salt stresses. The near isogenic line of GL12W showed longer grain length and higher salt tolerance than its overexpression lines, demonstrated that GL12W has a stronger effect under its native promoter. Additionally, the G/T variation contributes to the divergence of indica and japonica subspecies, most of japonica harbor G genotype and the majority of indica are T genotype. Generally, GL12W synergistically controls rice yield and salt tolerance through different spatio-temporal expression patterns, which regulated by GIF1 and WRKY53. Our results provided novel resources for modern rice breeding and insights for yield and salt tolerance trade-off mechanism.
OHMN: Android Malware Detection Method Using Opcode Highway Memory Network
Authors: Karthika M. , Anusha M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Malware developed for Android devices has recently showed a preference for rapid replication, which speeds up the process of stealing sensitive data. By reusing code, hackers introduce potentially harmful modifications. In this study, we suggest using a deep learning-based network called the "Opcode highway memory network" (OHMN), which may identify versions of malware that are related to one another without requiring the analyst to have any specialized understanding in mathematics or methodology. Truth interference fuzzy clustering is a way to find features using software birth marking of malcode sequences, and sequence patch normalization may be used to standardize the input data. Malware samples are clustered, and that information is sent into the OHMN process that looks for different strains of malware. The Android malware detection system has been shown to operate well via both observation and experimentation. General testing was performed on the Mal Radar dataset, an android malware dataset obtained from the zenodo under python environment. As shown by the simulation results, the proposed approach outperformed the state-of-the-art algorithm.
The Effects of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Instruction on Grade 11 EFL Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Lamu Birhanu Tolasa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This
study examined the effects of content and language-integrated
learning instruction on grade 11 EFL students’ reading
comprehension. This study utilized a quasi-experimental research
design. To carry out this study, 37 private school EFL students
participated as experimental (N = 19) and control (N = 18) groups
in the academic year of 2022–2023 in both semesters. The
experimental group participants were instructed through a
language-driven CLIL-based reading instruction whereas the control
group followed conventional reading instruction. To gather data,
pretest-and posttest reading comprehension tests were applied. The
quantitative data from the pretest and the posttest was analyzed
using a t-test on SPSS. The results revealed that both the
experimental and the control groups were found homogenous during
the pre-intervention. Nevertheless, after the intervention, the
results indicated that experimental group students outperformed
significantly (p < .05) the control group students in reading
comprehension posttests showing the supremacy of soft-CLIL over the
conventional teaching reading method. Therefore, results were
consistent with predictions, and the implication behind the results
is that a Soft CLIL was effective in content or subject classrooms
to teach English reading comprehension. The results indicated that
CLIL instruction draws the attention of students. Finally, CLIL
instruction could be appropriate for teaching English reading
skills.
Genomic characterisation of an extended-spectrum β-Lactamase- producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate assigned to a novel sequence type (6914)
Authors: Akinyemi Muiz O. , Oyedele Oluwawapelumi A. , Kleyn Mariska S. , Onarinde Bukola A. , Adeleke Rasheed A. , Ezekiel Chibundu N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Cow milk which is sometimes consumed raw host a plethora of microorganisms of beneficial or food safety concern. The draft genome of an extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strain Cow102, isolated from cow milk used for production of traditional foods in Nigeria, is reported.
Result
The genome has a total length of 5,359,907 bp with 70 contigs and GC content of 57.35%. A total of 5,244 protein coding sequences were detected with 31% mapped to a subsystem, and genes coding for amino acids and derivatives being the most prevalent. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that the strain had new allelic profile assigned to the novel 6914 sequence type possessing capsular and lipopolysaccharide antigen K locus 122 with an unknown K type (KL122) and O locus O1/O2v2 with type O2afg, respectively. A total of 28 resistance-related genes, 98 virulence-related genes, two plasmids and five phages were identified in the genome. Comparative analysis indicated translocation was the most common structural rearrangements in the genome.
Conclusion
Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed new allelic profile, structural rearrangements, virulence and drug resistance factors in the genome, however, further studies are required to characterize the capsular K type oof Cow102.
A method to determine the availability and performance of air taxis in real weather conditions
Authors: Wortmann Lutz , Hagemann Stefan , Stumpf Eike 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The success of an on-demand air taxi transportation system depends, in part, on its availability during daily operations. To further analyze such a system, this paper introduces a method for determining the availability and performance of air taxis under real weather conditions. Therefore, the integration of weather data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and real trajectories into the mission analysis tool of the aircraft preliminary design software Multidisciplinary Integrated Conceptual Aircraft Design and Optimization Environment (MICADO) for small aircraft is carried out for the first time. This allows the estimation of the performance of air taxis under real weather and operating conditions already at the aircraft preliminary design stage and potential technical deficits can be identified at an early design stage. Two single engine, fixed-wing air taxi designs, one with a hybrid-electric powertrain and one with an all-electric powertrain, are investigated in this paper.
The results show that the availability is strongly limited by the visual meteorological conditions minima (VMC minima). The maximum availability of the short reference flight route between Nuernberg and Egelsbach is 41.78 % and the maximum availability of the long reference flight route between Augsburg and Moenchengladbach is 20.48 %. The availability of the hybrid-electric air taxi is not limited, as all investigated flights under sufficient VMC can be performed with this aircraft while complying with the required reserves. However, the availability of the all-electric air taxis is limited due to its performance. Because of adverse wind conditions, not all flights investigated under sufficient VMC can be performed with the all-electric air taxi while complying with the required reserves, as the energy demand is too high. For the all-electric air taxi, a 13.2 % increase in gravimetric battery energy density (GBED) is needed to ensure sufficient performance.
The findings indicate the necessity of considering the real operating conditions in the preliminary design of small aircraft. The methodology outlined in this paper assists in enhancing the robustness of preliminary aircraft designs.
Causal effects of education, intelligence, and income on COVID-19: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Song Yuqing , Baranova Ancha , Cao Hongbao , Yue Weihua , Zhang Fuquan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The protective effects of higher educational attainment (EA) and intelligence on COVID-19 outcomes are not yet understood with regard to their dependency on income. The objective of our study was to examine the overall as well as independent effects of the three psychosocial factors on the susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19. To accomplish this, we utilized genetic correlation, Mendelian randomization (MR), and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses to evaluate genetic associations between EA, intelligence, household income, and three specific COVID-19 outcomes: SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized COVID-19, and critical COVID-19.
Results
The genetic correlation analysis revealed that COVID-19 outcomes were negatively correlated with the three psychosocial factors (rg: -0.19‒-0.36). The MR analysis indicated that genetic liability to EA, intelligence, and income exerted overall protective effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.86‒0.92), hospitalized COVID-19 (OR: 0.70‒0.80), and critical COVID-19 (OR: 0.65‒0.85). MVMR analysis revealed that elevated levels of EA conferred independent protective effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.85), hospitalization due to COVID-19 (OR: 0.79), and critical COVID-19 (OR: 0.63). Furthermore, intelligence exhibited a negative association with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.91), whereas a higher income was linked to an elevated risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 1.13).
Conclusions
Our findings indicated that EA could significantly reduce the risk and severity of COVID-19, regardless of intelligence and income. However, the impact of intelligence or income on COVID-19 severity was not supported by our research.
Reduction of CO 2 emissions by recycling low-potential heat from the Benfield CO 2 removal process at a natural gas hydrogen production plant
Authors: Hajduga Dawid , Chmielarz Lucjan , Bugdol Marek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The search for solutions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is an extremely important issue today. The European Parliament’s ENVI Committee (Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety), focused on reducing CO2 emissions, is the largest committee in the Parliament. According to the Committee’s findings, for certain sectors of the economy, the number of free CO2 emission allowances will fall to 0 in 2035. This will entail a significant increase in production costs. There is little time to make changes, so it is necessary to concentrate all efforts on the most efficient methods. The purpose of this article is to present a proposal to reduce CO2 emissions by recycling low-potential heat from the Benfield CO2 removal process at a plant producing hydrogen from natural gas. The article presents a method for reducing CO2 in the overall process of producing hydrogen, a product widely used in the chemical sector, in particular in the manufacture of fertilisers, essential for feeding the population. The article discusses the use of low- temperature heat in the CO2 capture process with amines using the Benfield method with MVR systems. Heat recovery is hampered by the fact that the heat source is a mixture of carbon dioxide and steam. This causes a reduction in the partial pressure of steam, thus lowering its phase transition temperature and making heat recovery difficult. At present, the literature on the subject does not present any solution of this type. The presented analysis also includes economic calculations confirming the profitability of investing in the presented solution. The following research methods have been used in the study: a review of the relevant literature and an analysis of the whole technological process and its relations with other processes. The result of the conducted study is a solution allowing for the recovery of more than 89% of total heat exchanged from gas mixture after desorption column in Benfield CO2 capture process in hydrogen plant. Improvements in the reduction of heat losses directly linked to CO2 emissions reach 89%. In the future, highly efficient heat loss reduction methods will be the basis for maintaining the profitability of production operations.
Evaluation of effluent quality changes of household water purifiers: A case study of Ahvaz city
Authors: Mirsalari Seyedeh Tooba , Sasani Hossein , Azizipour Mohammad , Jaafarzadeh Neematollah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In some areas, the increase in surface water salts and the wear and tear of urban water distribution network pipes have caused citizens to turn to household water purification devices. However, if their filters are not replaced on time, the quality of the output water will decrease. In this study, the efficacy of three household water purifiers was evaluated over a one-year period in Ahvaz city. TDS, pH and total coliforms were measured monthly at both the inlet and outlet of all three systems. Furthermore, the study involved weekly observations of the color change on the surface of the first filters, in addition to monthly measurements of the turbidity of both the inlet and outlet water from their first filters. Based on the findings of this study, the absence of coliforms in their output was confirmed. Furthermore, within the initial month following the installation of the first filter, the turbidity of its output water exceeded admissible limit. By the second month, a maximum change in filter color was observed. Also, following two years of membrane installation, it is essential to regularly monitor the effluent TDS. If the TDS of output water exceeds the admissible limit at any point, it is imperative to replace the membrane filter. Additionally, post-membrane installation, the effluent's TDS measures less than 50 mg/l, indicating a potential risk of water acidification. Therefore it is advisable to regulate the effluent pH by adjusting the mixing valve or replacing the sixth filter.