bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the performance of machine learning penicillin adverse drug reaction classification with synthetic data and transfer learning
Authors: Stanekova Viera , Inglis Joshua M. , Lam Lydia , Lam Antoinette , Smith William , Shakib Sepehr , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning may assist with the identification of potentially inappropriate penicillin allergy labels. Strategies to improve the performance of existing models for this task include the use of additional training data, synthetic data and transfer learning.AimsThe aims of this study were to investigate the use of additional training data and novel machine learning strategies, namely synthetic data and transfer learning, to improve the performance of penicillin adverse drug reaction (ADR) machine learning classification.MethodsMachine learning natural language processing was applied to free‐text penicillin ADR data extracted from a public health system electronic health record (EHR). The models were developed by training on various labelled data sets. ADR entries were split into training and testing data sets and used to develop and test a variety of machine learning models. The effect of training on additional data and synthetic data versus the use of transfer learning was analysed.ResultsFollowing the application of these techniques, the area under the receiver operator curve of best‐performing models for the classification of penicillin allergy (vs intolerance) and high‐risk allergy (vs low‐risk allergy) improved to 0.984 (using the artificial neural network model) and 0.995 (with the transfer learning approach) respectively.ConclusionsMachine learning models demonstrate high levels of accuracy in the classification and risk stratification of penicillin ADR labels using the reaction documented in the EHR. The model can be further optimised by incorporating additional training data and using transfer learning. Practical applications include automating case detection for penicillin allergy delabelling programmes.
Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of Li2(Mg1–xCux)2Mo3O12 ceramics sintered at ultra‐low temperature
Authors: Yuan Qi , Meng Yutong , Wang Tao , Hu Wencai , Wang Sen , Liu Gaobin , Wang Qiyao , Song Kuoming , Zhao He , Yan Shuai , Li Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLi2(Mg1–xCux)2Mo3O12 (0 ≤x ≤0.1) ceramics were prepared using the conventional solid‐phase method to study the effect of the Cu2+ substitution for Mg2+ on the sintering behavior, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties of ceramics. The experimental results show that the substitution of Cu2+ for Mg2+ reduces the sintering temperature of the ceramics to 550°C. X‐ray diffraction patterns show that the introduction of Cu2+ does not produce a new phase, but rather promotes the formation of Li2(Mg1–xCux)2Mo3O12 solid solution. The microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics are influenced by the cell parameters, bond lengths, and structural stability. However, Cu2+ creates oxygen vacancies during sintering, thereby deteriorating the dielectric properties (Q × f decreases). The microwave dielectric properties of Li2(Mg1–xCux)2Mo3O12 ceramics are optimal at a sintering temperature of 550°C and x = 0.02, with εr = 9.17, Q × f = 7960 GHz, and τf = –58.77 ppm/°C. Additionally, these ceramics are compatible with Al electrodes.
High glucose promotes atherosclerosis by regulating miRNA let7d‐5p level
Authors: Wang Hua , Liu Fentao , Zhao Wenyu , Guo Yiting , Mai Peipei , Zhao Songfeng , Wen Zhiguo , Su Jie , Li Xuan , Wang Yunlong , Zhang Yanfang 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMiRNA let7d‐5p has been recently reported to be abnormally expressed in diabetes‐associated atherosclerosis (AS). However, it still remains unknown how let7d‐5p contributes to the process of atherosclerosis.MethodsTwenty fresh tissues and a total of 28 wax block specimens from carotid endarterectomy procedures were obtained from the Luoyang Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University. The expression of let7d‐5p was assessed using quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). A series of in vitro experiments was used to determine the roles of let7d‐5p knockdown and overexpression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).ResultsWe discovered that the carotid plaques from diabetic patients had lower expression levels of miR let7d‐5p. In VSMCs, the expression of miRNA let7d‐5p was significantly lower in high glucose conditions compared with low glucose situations. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs were also inhibited by the overexpression of let7d‐5p, whereas the opposite was true when let7d‐5p was inhibited, according to gain and loss of function studies. Mechanically, let7d‐5p might activate the GSK3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway via binding to the high mobility group AT‐Hook 2 (HMGA2) mRNA in VSMCs. Additionally, GLP‐1RA liraglutide may prevent the migration and proliferation of VSMCs by raising let7d‐5p levels.ConclusionsHigh glucose stimulated the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by regulating the let7d‐5p/HMGA2/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway, and liraglutide may slow atherosclerosis by increasing the levels of miR let7d‐5p.
Clinical symptoms and histopathological changes in coho salmon affected by the erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS) are caused by the infection of piscine orthoreovirus 2 (PRV‐2)
Authors: Takano Tomokazu , Miwa Satoshi , Matsuyama Tomomasa , Kiryu Ikunari , Honjo Miho , Sakai Takamitsu , Matsuura Yuta , Yamasaki Masatoshi , Kumagai Akira , Nakayasu Chihaya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe relationship of histopathological changes and the infection of Piscine orthoreovirus 2 (PRV‐2) was investigated in coho salmon that were suffering from the erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS). Immunohistochemical observations revealed abundant σ1 protein of PRV‐2 in the spongy layer of the ventricle of the heart, where severe myocarditis was observed. In the spleen, the virus protein was detected in many erythrocytes, some of which were spherical‐shaped and apparently dead. The number of erythrocytes was decreased in the spleen compared to the apparently healthy fish. The virus protein was also detected in some erythrocytes in blood vessels. The viral protein was often detected in many macrophages ingesting erythrocytes or dead cell debris in the spleen or in the kidney sinusoids. Large amounts of the viral genomic segment L2 were also detected in these organs by RT‐qPCR. Many necrotic foci were found in the liver, although the virus protein was not detected in the hepatocytes. These results suggest that the primary targets of PRV‐2 are myocardial cells and erythrocytes and that clinical symptoms such as anaemia or jaundice and histopathological changes such as myocarditis in EIBS‐affected coho salmon are caused by PRV‐2 infection.
Assessment of subchondral bone microdamage quantification using contrast‐enhanced imaging techniques
Authors: Ayodele Babatunde A. , Malekipour Fatemeh , Pagel Charles N. , Mackie Eleanor J. , Whitton R. Chris 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBone microdamage is common at subchondral bone (SCB) sites subjected to repeated high rate and magnitude of loading in the limbs of athletic animals and humans. Microdamage can affect the biomechanical behaviour of bone under physiological loading conditions. To understand the effects of microdamage on the mechanical properties of SCB, it is important to be able to quantify it. The extent of SCB microdamage had been previously estimated qualitatively using plain microcomputed tomography (μCT) and a radiocontrast quantification method has been used for trabecular bone but this method may not be directly applicable to SCB due to differences in bone structure. In the current study, SCB microdamage detection using lead uranyl acetate (LUA) and quantification by contrast‐enhanced μCT and backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging techniques were assessed to determine the specificity of the labels to microdamage and the accuracy of damaged bone volume metrices. SCB specimens from the metacarpus of racehorses, with the hyaline articular cartilage (HAC) removed, were grouped into two with one group subjected to ex vivo uniaxial compression loading to create experimental bone damage. The other group was not loaded to preserve the pre‐existing in vivo propagated bone microdamage. A subset of each group was stained with LUA using an established or a modified protocol to determine label penetration into SCB. The μCT and SEM images of stained specimens showed that penetration of LUA into the SCB was better using the modified protocol, and this protocol was repeated in SCB specimens with intact hyaline articular cartilage. The percentage of total label localised to bone microdamage was determined on SEM images, and the estimated labelled bone volume determined by μCT in SCB groups was compared. Label was present around diffuse and linear microdamage as well as oblique linear microcracks present at the articular surface, except in microcracks with high‐density mineral infills. Bone surfaces lining pores with recent mineralisation were also labelled. Labelled bone volume fraction (LV/BV) estimated by μCT was higher in the absence of HAC. At least 50% of total labels were localised to bone microdamage when the bone area fraction (B.Ar/T.Ar) of the SCB was greater than 0.85 but less than 30% when B.Ar/T.Ar of the SCB was less than 0.85. To adjust for LUA labels on bone surfaces, a measure of the LV/BV corrected for bone surface area (LV/BV BS−1) was used to quantify damaged SCB. In conclusion, removal of HAC and using a modified labelling protocol effectively stained damaged SCB of the metacarpus of racehorses and represents a technique useful for quantifying microdamage in SCB. This method can facilitate future investigations of the effects of microdamage on joint physiology.
Dietary inclusion of micelle silymarin enhances egg production, quality, and lowers blood cholesterol in Hy‐line brown laying hens
Authors: Khan Sharif Uddin , Jeon Yong Hwee , Kim In Ho 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of micelle silymarin (MS) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and blood biochemical parameters in laying hens. A total of 384 (Hy‐Line brown, 28‐week‐old) laying hens were randomly distributed into one of four dietary treatment groups (eight replication per treatment; 12 hens per replicate) for a 12‐week long feeding trial. Hens were fed a basal diet with the addition of 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% of MS respectively. The results expressed that egg production percentage and egg weight were linearly (p < 0.05) enhanced at Weeks 0–6, 7–12, and 0–12, when 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% of MS were added to laying hen diets. The feed conversion ratio and feed intake improved (p < 0.05) linearly at Weeks 0–6, 7–12, and 0–12 with increasing levels of MS supplementation in laying hens. The eggshell thickness and eggshell strength were linearly (p < 0.05) improved at weeks 4, 8, and 12 with an MS‐supplemented diet. Additionally, eggshell colour, Haugh unit, and albumin height had no significant (p > 0.05) difference throughout the experimental period with different levels of MS‐supplemented diet. The yolk colour of eggs showed significant (p < 0.05) differences at weeks 8 and 12 with levels of the MS‐supplemented diet. However, at the end of the trial, the blood profile indicated that cholesterol levels decreased (p < 0.05) linearly, and triglyceride levels showed a tendency to decrease (p < 0.10) with MS supplementation. In conclusion, increasing the level of MS addition in the laying hen diet improved the egg production percentage and egg quality, reducing cholesterol levels in Hy‐Line brown hens. However, this study indicates that MS can be added to the diet of laying hens up to 0.06% for improved egg production and egg quality.
ZNF862 induces cytostasis and apoptosis via the p21‐RB1 and Bcl‐xL‐Caspase 3 signaling pathways in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Zhu Yaoyao , Zhao Tian , Wu Yongkang , Xie Sijing , Sun Weibin , Wu Juan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of ZNF862 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gingival fibroblasts and their related mechanisms.BackgroundAs a major transcription factor family, zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) regulate cell differentiation, growth, and apoptosis through their conserved zinc finger motifs, which allow high flexibility and specificity in gene regulation. In our previous study, ZNF862 mutation was associated with hereditary gingival fibromatosis. Nevertheless, little is known about the biological function of ZNF862. Therefore, this study was aimed to reveal intracellular localization of ZNF862, the influence of ZNF862 on the growth and apoptosis of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and its potential related mechanisms.MethodsImmunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were performed to determine the intracellular localization of ZNF862 in HGFs. HGFs were divided into three groups: ZNF862 overexpression group, ZNF862 interference group, and the empty vector control group. Then, the effects of ZNF862 on cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated. qRT‐PCR and western blotting were performed to further explore the mechanism related to the proliferation and apoptosis of HGFs.ResultsZNF862 was found to be localized in the cytoplasm of HGFs. In vitro experiments revealed that ZNF862 overexpression inhibited HGFs proliferation and migration, induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1‐phase and apoptosis. Whereas, ZNF862 knockdown promoted HGFs proliferation and migration, accelerated the transition from the G0/G1 phase into the S and G2/M phase and inhibited cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, the effects of ZNF862 on HGFs proliferation and apoptosis were noted to be dependent on inhibiting the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21)‐retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) signaling pathway and enhancing the B‐cell lymphoma‐extra‐large (Bcl‐xL)‐Caspase 3 signaling pathway.ConclusionOur results for the first time reveal that ZNF862 is localized in the cytoplasm of HGFs. ZNF862 can inhibit the proliferation of HGFs by inhibiting the p21‐RB1 signaling pathway, and it also promotes the apoptosis of HGFs by enhancing the Bcl‐xL‐Caspase 3 signaling pathway.
Clinical findings and outcome in goats with discospondylitis and vertebral osteomyelitis
Authors: Sullivan Alyssa , Huguet Elodie , VanderBroek Ashley R. , Darby Shannon , Luethy Daniela 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundVertebral infections, including vertebral osteomyelitis, septic physitis, and discospondylitis, are rarely reported in goats, and when reported, have been largely limited to necropsy case reports.ObjectiveDescribe clinical findings and outcome in goats with vertebral infections evaluated by computed tomography (CT).AnimalsFive goats with vertebral osteomyelitis, septic physitis, and discospondylitis evaluated by CT.MethodsRetrospective case series.ResultsThe most common presenting complaints were progressive weakness, paresis and recumbency. Three goats were tetraparetic and 2 goats had pelvic limb paraparesis. Clinicopathologic findings included leukocytosis, mature neutrophilia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. The most common vertebrae affected were C7‐T1. All 5 goats had discospondylitis with or without vertebral osteomyelitis and septic physitis. Computed tomographic evidence of spinal cord compression was present in 4/5 goats. Medical management (antimicrobials, physical therapy, analgesia, supportive care) was attempted in 4 goats, and 1 goat was euthanized at the time of diagnosis. All 4 goats that were treated regained ambulatory ability and survived to hospital discharge.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDespite severity of CT imaging findings, goats with discospondylitis, septic physitis, and vertebral osteomyelitis can successfully return to ambulatory function. Additional studies are required to determine ideal treatment regimens.
Practice framework theorizing in correctional rehabilitation: Lessons from constitutive penology
Authors: Arrigo Bruce A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper applies key insights from constitutive penology to advance the practice framework literature in correctional rehabilitation. First, I provide some brief commentary on the origins and subsequent development of constitutive thought in studies of governance, crime and justice. Second, I outline the central ontological convictions and epistemological commitments of constitutive penology. Third, I explain where and how the ontic and epistemic ‘lessons’ of constitutive penology contribute to the conversation about practice framework theory and therapeutic practice in correctional rehabilitation. These comments especially emphasize the importance of (a) rethinking the responsibility of theory in therapeutic practice; (b) reframing the method of study in the practice of therapy and (c) repurposing the practice guidelines for undertaking therapeutic work.
Responses of keratinocytes to Trichophyton mentagrophyte infection based on whole transcriptome analysis
Authors: Zang Fangfang , Wang Zhangxu , Yang Yuanxue , Xiao Ziyao , Wu Zhaodan , Zhang Jia , Li Bishibei , Zheng Jiayu , Zhu Xixi , Wan Ying , Wang Ran , Xiao Wudian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDermatophytosis is an intractable superficial mycosis in humans and animals mainly caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes), with a global prevalence of about 20%. Keratinocytes are the most abundant participants in skin immunity, and they also play a role in the first‐line defence against T. mentagrophytes. However, no studies of keratinocyte responses against T. mentagrophytes infection based on the whole transcriptome have been reported.ObjectivesHere, we systematically analysed changes in keratinocytes infected with T. mentagrophytes using whole transcriptome sequencing technology.MethodsThe phenotypic changes in keratinocytes after infection with 1 × 105 conidia/mL T. mentagrophytes were observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq), small RNA‐seq technology and related bioinformatics methods were used to systematically analyse the whole transcriptome changes in keratinocytes upon T. mentagrophytes stimulation.ResultsWe found that T. mentagrophytes infection caused morphological changes, membrane damage, the formation of irregular organelles and keratinocyte apoptosis. A total of 204 differentially expressed (DE) circular RNAs (circRNAs), 868 DE long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 2973 DE mRNAs and 209 DE micro RNAs (miRNAs) were identified between noninfected and T. mentagrophytes‐infected keratinocytes. The expression level of selected RNAs was validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the parental genes of DE circRNAs were related to cell response, cell death and establishment of the skin barrier. Genes targeted by miRNA were involved in regulating the initiation of the immune response. Based on the expression level of circRNAs, lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs, circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA competing endogenous (ceRNA) networks comprised of 159 DE miRNAs, 141 DE circRNAs and 2307 DE mRNAs, and lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA ceRNA networks comprised of 790 DE lncRNAs, 190 DE miRNAs and 2663 DE mRNAs were constructed. The reliability of two selected ceRNA networks was verified using qRT‐PCR. Further functional enrichment analysis revealed that the DE mRNAs interacting with circRNAs and lncRNAs in the ceRNA network mainly participated in fungal recognition, inflammation, the innate immune response and the death of keratinocytes.ConclusionsOur findings might provide new evidence on the pathogenesis of T. mentagrophytes‐induced dermatophytosis, which is essential for identifying new therapeutic targets for dermatophytosis treatment.
Biological nitrogen fixation maintains carbon/nitrogen balance and photosynthesis at elevated CO2
Authors: Brooks Matthew D. , Szeto Ronnia C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding crop responses to elevated CO2 is necessary to meet increasing agricultural demands. Crops may not achieve maximum potential yields at high CO2 due to photosynthetic downregulation, often associated with nitrogen limitation. Legumes have been proposed to have an advantage at elevated CO2 due to their ability to exchange carbon for nitrogen. Here, the effects of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) on the physiological and gene expression responses to elevated CO2 were examined at multiple nitrogen levels by comparing alfalfa mutants incapable of nitrogen fixation to wild‐type. Elemental analysis revealed a role for BNF in maintaining shoot carbon/nitrogen (C/N) balance under all nitrogen treatments at elevated CO2, whereas the effect of BNF on biomass was only observed at elevated CO2 and the lowest nitrogen dose. Lower photosynthetic rates at were associated with the imbalance in shoot C/N. Genome‐wide transcriptional responses were used to identify carbon and nitrogen metabolism genes underlying the traits. Transcription factors important to C/N signalling were identified from inferred regulatory networks. This work supports the hypothesis that maintenance of C/N homoeostasis at elevated CO2 can be achieved in plants capable of BNF and revealed important regulators in the underlying networks including an alfalfa (Golden2‐like) GLK ortholog.
Changes in severity of pediatric suicide attempts before and after coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Saito Takumi , Ogiwara Shigetoshi , Wada Soichiro , Tamura Takuya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and school closures were reported to have negatively impacted the mental health of children and adolescents. This study aimed to examine the change in the number and severity of pediatric suicide attempts before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis study enrolled 54 patients (26 vs. 28 patients before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic, respectively) under 19 years of age who were transported to the emergency department as a result of suicide attempts between April 2017 and December 2021. The primary outcome includes the rate of serious suicide attempts (SSAs).ResultsThe SSA rates were 19% (5/26) and 43% (12/28) before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic, respectively (p = 0.62). The average number of transported suicide attempts per month almost doubled (0.72 vs. 1.33, respectively) and suicide attempts as a percentage of all ambulance transportations of individuals under 19 years old increased significantly from 0.95% (26/2729)to 1.98% (28/1414) (p = 0.006).ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic increased the severity of pediatric suicide attempts but not to a statistically significant degree. Social preventive support and early psychological intervention are therefore needed currently and in the future.