bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which is better? Early versus delayed rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair
Authors: Yoo Seung Jin , Kang Hyunseong , Kim Byungsuk , Lee Chae Hyun , Song Jungkook , Choi Sungwook 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to compare the 5‐year clinical and functional outcomes, including repaired tendon healing status, between early and delayed rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repairMethodsA total of 75 patients with rotator cuff tears (less than 5 cm) underwent arthroscopic repairs over a 60‐month period. Participants were randomly assigned to early and delayed postoperative rehabilitation groups with distinct protocols. Clinical and functional outcome measures included Constant score, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, visual analogue scale for pain and isokinetic dynamometer test for muscle strength recovery. Clinical and functional scores were compared between baseline and 5 years postoperatively. Radiologic assessment via magnetic resonance imaging was performed at a minimum of 12 months postoperatively for evaluations of tendon integrity and recurrent tears.ResultsBaseline characteristics showed no statistically significant differences between groups. Both groups demonstrated equivalent improvement in range of motion and pain scores with no statistical differences. Clinical scores improved significantly in both groups by postoperative 12 months and plateaued. At the postoperative 5‐year mark, the early group showed better improvement in the visual analogue scale and UCLA score, while the delayed group had superior Constant scores. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed six recurrent tears, two in the early group and four in the delayed group, with no statistical differences. Muscle strength recovery showed no differences between the two groups.ConclusionBoth the early and the delayed rehabilitation groups showed similar outcomes in postoperative range of motion, functional scores, muscle strength recovery and tendon healing in the short‐ and mid‐term follow‐ups.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
The interlinkage between land resources, food, water, income, and sustainable environment: Evidence from China's economy with COP27 perspective
Authors: Tian Jun , Wang Weizheng , Wang Zhen , Fan Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChina, the most populous country across the globe, has emerged as one of the biggest economies; however, regarding food production, water, uplifting the income level, and attaining environmental sustainability, the policymakers are still concerned. China's government has worked immensely on eradicating poverty through increasing food production, ensuring access to clean water, and using land resources. Similar steps are taken about environmental protection. In this regard, China needs more empirical evidence to tackle such an environmentally destructive issue and sustainable natural resource use. The present study investigates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) while considering the importance of natural resources, food production and export, and water productivity in environmental quality. This research also explores the impact of tourism, energy use, and renewable energy output on carbon emissions in China during 1990–2021. This research authenticates the variables' stationarity and the long‐term equilibrium relationship between the study factors using the pre‐estimation diagnostic approaches. This study employed several parametric approaches and revealed that the EKC paradox is invalid in the case of China and vice versa in the presence of natural resources and food and water variables. Natural resources are the key hazard in attaining a sustainable regional environment and development. By contrast, increased economic growth and energy consumption also enhance the country's pollution level. In distinction, renewable electricity output, tourism industry, food production, and food export are the substantial drivers of attaining COP27 targets. Based on the study findings, this research recommends enhancement in sustainable food production and water management, improved production and consumption of renewables, reduced consumption of outdated energy, sustainable use of non‐renewable resources, and facilitated tourism across the country.
Nonlocal Metasurfaces‐Enabled Analog Light Localization for Imaging and Lithography
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Lee Dasol , Kim Jaekyung , Rho Junsuk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLocalization of light spots in a given image is a common task in digital processing but is challenging in analog. Herein, a periodic nonlocal metasurface that has an optical transfer function defined in reciprocal space is proposed to resolve this issue. Assuming an ideal optical transfer function that encodes that of a local lens, the selective spot size reduction of incident Gaussian beams and sharpening of a patterned incidence with a Gaussian line shape are demonstrated. A realistic nonlocal metasurface comprising a trilayer structure with air grating on top that operates as a 2D analog light localizer under unpolarized incidence is presented. Nonlocal metasurfaces, combined with conventional optics, are expected to improve the resolution by sharpening the spatial features and find applications in diverse scientific fields such as medical, materials, and life science.
Technology affordances and social withdrawal: The rise of hikikomori
Authors: Park Ha Eun (Grace) , Yap Sheau‐Fen (Crystal) 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of social withdrawal behaviors has been a growing concern in recent years. The concept of hikikomori, a severe social withdrawal condition, has gained increasing attention in high‐income societies and developed economies. The term applies to both the condition and the person experiencing it. Technology has been blamed for exacerbating the isolation of hikikomoris. Paradoxically, anecdotal evidence suggests that technology can help mitigate their social withdrawal. Drawing on affordance theory, this study explores the potential of technology as an intermediate intervention to help hikikomoris reintegrate into society by addressing the research question—“How are the affordances of technology leveraged to contribute to the gradual reintegration of hikikomoris into society?” This netnographic study is based on over 2‐year naturalistic observations of the Hikikomori Escape online community. Our findings identified seven types of affordances that facilitate Hikikomoris' social reintegration journey: anonymous storytelling, meta connectivity, information access for skill growth, peer networking and community building, online coaching, virtual‐to‐real connectivity, and tech‐enabled skill development. We discuss how three levels of technology affordances shape hihikomoris' self‐motivation to connect socially at the individual and community levels, facilitating their gradual reintegration into society. This research contributes by developing an empirically grounded framework of how technology can contribute to addressing social withdrawal among hikikomoris. Such knowledge is crucial for scholars, policymakers, and health professionals seeking to tackle this pressing societal challenge.
Visible Light‐Regulated Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactones by Employing Indigo as a Photoacid Catalyst
Authors: Sun Pan , Li Zixuan , Zhang Xun , Liao Yun , Liao Saihu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of visible light‐regulated polymerizations for precision synthesis of polymers has drawn considerable attention in the past years. In this study, an ancient dye, indigo, is successfully identified as a new and efficient photoacid catalyst, which can readily promote the ring‐opening polymerization of lactones under visible light irradiation in a well‐controlled manner, affording the desired polyester products with predictable molecular weights and narrow dispersity. The enhanced acidity of indigos by excitation is crucial to the H‐bonding activation of the lactone monomers. Chain extension and block copolymer synthesis are also demonstrated with this method.
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Focused Ultrasound for Treatment of Essential Tremor: Ventral Intermediate Nucleus Ablation Alone or Additional Posterior Subthalamic Area Lesioning?
Authors: Kyle Kain , Peters James , Jonker Benjamin , Barnett Yael , Maamary Joel , Barnett Michael , Maller Jerome , Wang Chenyu , Tisch Stephen 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMagnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) for treatment of essential tremor (ET) traditionally targets the ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus. Recent strategies include a secondary lesion to the posterior subthalamic area (PSA).ObjectiveThe aim was to compare lesion characteristics, tremor improvement, and adverse events (AE) between patients in whom satisfactory tremor suppression was achieved with lesioning of the Vim alone and patients who required additional lesioning of the PSA.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data collected from ET patients treated with MRgFUS at St Vincent's Hospital Sydney was performed. Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST), hand tremor score (HTS), and Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST) were collected pre‐ and posttreatment in addition to the prevalence of AEs. The lesion coordinates and overlap with the dentatorubrothalamic tract (DRTT) were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were treated in Vim only, and 14 were treated with dual Vim–PSA lesions. Clinical data were available for 29 of the 35 patients (19 single target and 10 dual target). At follow‐up (mean: 18.80 months) HTS, CRST, and QUEST in single‐target patients improved by 57.97% (P < 0.001), 36.71% (P < 0.001), and 58.26% (P < 0.001), whereas dual‐target patients improved by 68.34% (P < 0.001), 35.37% (P < 0.003), and 46.97% (P < 0.005), respectively. The Vim lesion of dual‐target patients was further anterior relative to the posterior commissure (PC) (7.84 mm), compared with single‐target patients (6.92 mm), with less DRTT involvement (14.85% vs. 23.21%). Dual‐target patients exhibited a greater proportion of patients with acute motor AEs (100% vs. 58%); however, motor AE prevalence was similar in both groups at long‐term follow‐up (33% vs. 38%).ConclusionPosterior placement of lesions targeting the Vim may confer greater tremor suppression. The addition of a PSA lesion, in patients with inadequate tremor control despite Vim lesioning, had a trend toward better long‐term tremor suppression; however, this approach was associated with greater prevalence of gait disturbance in the short term.
Advanced microstructural path modeling of primary recrystallization in aluminum alloys AA5182 and AA5657
Authors: Vandermeer R. A. , Lei X. C. , Knipschildt‐Okkels E. F. F. , Lin F. , Sanders R. E. , Juul Jensen D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen analyzing recrystallization kinetics data, it is extremely important to use a model, which has appropriate assumptions for nucleation and growth, including spatial distribution of nuclei, nucleation rate, growth rate, and directionality. In the present work, we reveal how advanced microstructural path modeling (MPM) can successfully fit kinetics data for the complex recrystallization of two different industrial aluminum alloys. Simpler models have failed to fit the data over the entire recrystallization period. The new model allows for spatially clustered nucleation and for different growth rates in different sample directions, whereby the grains evolve with an aspect ratio different from 1. Based on the MPM analysis, the specific nucleation and growth parameters as well as the recrystallized grain sizes are deduced, and the recrystallization characteristics of the two alloys are compared. The work demonstrates the power of quantitative metallography and the wealth of recrystallization information that may be obtained from MPM modeling of such stereological data.
Measuring CSF shunt flow with MRI using flow enhancement of signal intensity (FENSI)
Authors: Zhang Mingxiao , Olivero William C. , Huston Jason M. , Pappu Suguna , Arnold Paul M. , Biswas Arundhati , Anderson Aaron T. , Sutton Bradley P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate a noninvasive imaging technique for accurately assessing very slow CSF flow within shunt tubes in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus, aiming to identify obstructions that might impede CSF drainage.Theory and MethodsA simulation of shunt flow enhancement of signal intensity (shunt‐FENSI) signal is used to establish the relationship between signal change and flow rate. The quantification of flow enhancement of signal intensity data involves normalization, curve fitting, and calibration to match simulated data. Additionally, a phase sweep method is introduced to accommodate the impact of magnetic field inhomogeneity on the flow measurement. The method is tested in flow phantoms, healthy adults, intensive care unit patients with external ventricular drains (EVD), and shunt patients. EVDs enable shunt‐flow measurements to be acquired with a ground truth measure of CSF drainage.ResultsThe flow‐rate‐to‐signal simulation establishes signal–flow relationships and takes into account the T1 of draining fluid. The phase sweep method accurately accounts for phase accumulation due to frequency offsets at the shunt. Results in phantom and healthy human participants reveal reliable quantification of flow rates using controlled flows and agreement with the flow simulation. EVD patients display reliable measures of flow rates. Shunt patient results demonstrate feasibility of the method and consistent flow rates for functional shunts.ConclusionThe results demonstrate the technique's applicability, accuracy, and potential for diagnosing and noninvasively monitoring hydrocephalus. Limitations of the current approach include a high sensitivity to motion and strict requirement of imaging slice prescription.
Bidirectional energy‐controlled piezoelectric shunt damping technology and its vibration attenuation performance
Authors: Wu Yipeng , Yuan Quan , Ren Kaibin , Shen Xin , Shen Hui , Badel Adrien , Ji Hongli , Qiu Jinhao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPiezoelectric material‐based semi‐active vibration control systems may effectively suppress vibration amplitude without any external power supply, or even harvest electrical energy. This bidirectional electrical energy control phenomenon is theoretically introduced and validated in this paper. A flyback transformer‐based switching piezoelectric shunt circuit that can extract energy from or inject energy into piezoelectric elements is proposed. The analytical expressions of the controlled energy and the corresponding vibration attenuation are therefore derived for a classical electromechanical cantilever beam. Theoretical predictions validated by the experimental results show that the structure vibration attenuation can be tuned from −5 to −25 dB under the given electrical quality factor of the circuit and figure of merit of the electromechanical structure, and the consumed power is in the range of −13 to 25 mW, which is a good theoretical basis for the development of self‐sensing, self‐adapting, and self‐powered piezoelectric vibration control systems.
Comparison of the 12‐item and 36‐item versions of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 using longitudinal data from community mental health outreach service users
Authors: Iwanaga Mai , Yamaguchi Sosei , Sato Sayaka , Usui Kaori , Nakanishi Kiyoaki , Nishiuchi Erisa , Shimodaira Michiyo , So Yugan , Fujii Chiyo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare the 12‐item and 36‐item versions of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 using longitudinal data from community mental health outreach service users.MethodsUsing data from Tokorozawa City mental health outreach service users in Japan, total and domain WHODAS‐12 and WHODAS‐36 scores were compared. First, we examined score‐change differences by domain at the start of outreach services (T1) and 1 year later (T2) for each version. Next, we compared differences between the two versions using Pearson's correlation, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsAmong 20 participants, total scores and scores of some domains (i.e., cognition, getting along, life activities, and participation) were significantly lower at T2 than at T1 on both versions (p < 0.010). WHODAS‐36 scores were significantly lower at T2 than at T1 for the self‐care domain (p = 0.018). Except for self‐care, strong correlations were found between scores from the two versions (p < 0.001). In the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and Bland–Altman analysis, we found significant differences between the scores of the two versions in the mobility, self‐care, and participation domains. There were no significant differences in the distribution or systematic errors between the two versions in scores for the other domains or total score.ConclusionWe found strong positive correlations between WHODAS‐12 and WHODAS‐36 total scores with no statistical differences between them. For some domains, differences in distribution and systematic errors were found.
Discrimination, cognitive styles, and their associations with adolescents' mental and physical health
Authors: Biesecker Catherine L. , Pössel Patrick , Fernandez‐Botran Rafael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study is based on the hopelessness theory of depression and previous research on perceived everyday discrimination (PED) and both depressive symptoms and Interleukin‐6 (an inflammatory cytokine; IL‐6) in adolescents. The purpose of this study is to examine the negative attribution, self, and consequence cognitive styles (CSs) proposed in the hopelessness theory as a possible mechanism underlying the association between PED and inflammation in adolescents and expand our understanding of the comorbidities between depressive symptoms and systemic inflammation (IL‐6). This cross‐sectional study featured a sample of 102 adolescents aged 13–16 (M = 14.10, SD = 0.52) who identified as White (47.5%), Black (41.4%), Mixed Race (7.1%), Latino (2%), and other (2%). Data analysis was conducted using PROCESS to compute regressions and effects between PED, negative CSs, depressive symptoms, and Interleukin‐6. Results showed that negative attribution CS is the only negative CS associated with PED, depressive symptoms, and IL‐6. Negative attribution CS is also the only negative CS of the three negative CSs that mediates both the association between PED and depressive symptoms and PED and IL‐6 in our adolescent sample. Overall, these results indicate that individual negative CSs proposed in the hopelessness theory impact adolescents' physical and mental outcomes differently, which can inform targeted treatments. Nurses should provide cognitive‐based interventions and promote societal‐level change to reduce the experience and impact of PED on the mental and physical health of their adolescent patients.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of basalt fiber/nylon 6 composites by surface roughening and hydrogen bonding interaction
Authors: Li Guang‐Zhao , Zhang Shuai , Yu Hao , Liu Gen , Wang Wenyan , Chen Gang , Wang Jie , Wan Weicai , Lu Qian , Chen Honglin , Han Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInspired by the strong adhesion of mussels, basalt fibers (BFs) were modified with polydopamine and then composited with nylon 6. The effect of polydopamine content on the interfacial interactions and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. In addition, silica nanoparticles were grown on the surface of polydopamine‐modified BFs to investigate the synergistic effect. The study revealed that the mechanical properties of the composites based on polydopamine‐modified BF were gradually enhanced with the increase of the dopamine coverage concentration, and gradually decreased after reaching the peak. 0.5 g/L concentration of dopamine solution modified BFs showed the best enhancement effect on nylon 6, and its tensile strength could reach 133.1 MPa, which was 28.5% higher than that of the unmodified composites. The tensile strength of the composites modified with both dopamine and silica nanoparticles reached 157 MPa, which was 51.7% higher than that of the unmodified composites. In addition, scanning electron microscope images of fracture sections confirmed the strong interfacial interaction between BF and PA6.Highlights
The surface roughness of BF was increased by nano‐SiO2.
Hydrogen bonding was formed between PDA and PA6.
Physical interlock was formed between nano‐SiO2 and PA6.
Tensile strength increased by 51.7% with both nano‐SiO2 and PDA.
Stronger interfacial interaction leads to higher thermal stability.
Spray‐induced and nanocarrier‐delivered gene silencing system targeting juvenile hormone receptor components: potential application as fertility inhibitors for Adelphocoris suturalis management
Authors: Zheng Wanying , Xu Xiaona , Huang Xingxing , Peng Jie , Ma Weihua , Hull J Joe , Hua Hongxia , Chen Lizhen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdelphocoris suturalis is a destructive pest that attacks > 270 plants, including cotton, maize, soybean, and fruit trees. Adelphocoris suturalis can cause tremendous crop losses when the density exceeds economic thresholds, but because it can be both phytophagous and zoophytophagous it can serve as a natural enemy of other pests when the density is below the economic threshold. Effective control of its population is beneficial for maximizing yield and profits. RNA interference (RNAi) has potential to be a viable alternative to conventional pesticide‐based pest management, but the lack of efficient double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery systems and candidate genes are currently limiting factors for field applications.RESULTSIn this study, RNAi of juvenile hormone (JH) receptor components methoprene‐tolerant (Met)/Taiman (Tai) in Adelphocoris suturalis reduced fertility. Based on this reproductive role, we targeted Adelphocoris suturalis Met and Tai for knockdown by coupling nanomaterial‐dsRNA complexes with a transdermal spray delivery system. Within 12 h of adult emergence, females were sprayed with star polycation (SPc)–dsRNA formulations and the RNAi effects were assessed over time. RNAi knockdown efficiencies of 39–58% were observed at 5 days post‐treatment and abnormal ovarian development was apparent by 10 days post‐treatment.CONCLUSIONOur results show that spray‐induced and nanocarrier‐delivered gene silencing (SI‐NDGS) system targeting JH signal genes effectively impaired oviposition, thus developing a novel RNA fertility inhibitor to control Adelphocoris suturalis populations. These results give new perspective on pest management and suggest broad prospects for field applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prescribed performance adaptive fault‐tolerant control for nonlinear systems with actuator faults and input dead‐zone
Authors: Yang Dong , Yang Yueyue , Zong Guangdeng , Sun Haibin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the prescribed performance adaptive fault‐tolerant control problem for nonlinear systems with actuator faults and input dead‐zone (IDZ). The partial loss of effectiveness fault and bias fault are considered. First, the asymmetric nonlinear IDZ is transformed into an affine function in the backstepping process. Second, the radial basis function neural network technique is applied to deal with the unknown uncertainty of the studied system. The state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states in the nonlinear systems. Third, a fault‐tolerant controller is developed such that all signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded for the closed‐loop system, and the tracking error remains within the specified performance requirements even though the actuator faults and IDZ occur. Finally, an electromechanical system example is provided to exhibit the utilizability of the obtained control technique.