bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of treatment‐seeking youth with misophonia
Authors: Lewin Adam B. , Milgram Lauren , Cepeda Sandra L. , Dickinson Sarah , Bolen Morgan , Kudryk Kelly , Bolton Cassidy , Karlovich Ashley R. , Grassie Hannah L. , Kangavary Aileen , Harmon Sherelle L. , Guzick Andrew , Ehrenreich‐May Jill 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveMisophonia is a psychiatric condition characterized by strong emotional and/or behavioral responses to auditory stimuli, leading to distress and functional impairment. Despite previous attempts to define and categorize this condition, misophonia is not currently included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases. The lack of formal diagnostic consensus presents challenges for research aimed at assessing and treating this clinical presentation.MethodsThe current study presents clinical characteristics of youth (N = 47) with misophonia in the largest treatment‐seeking sample to date. We examined demographic characteristics of the sample, frequency of comorbid disorders, frequency of specific misophonia symptoms (i.e., triggers, emotional and behavioral responses, and impairments), and caregiver‐child symptom agreement. Misophonia symptoms were evaluated using a multimodal assessment including clinician, youth, and caregiver reports on empirically established misophonia measures, and concordance among measures was assessed.ResultsYouth seeking treatment for misophonia presented with marked misophonia symptoms and an array of comorbid conditions. Youth and caregivers identified various triggers of misophonia symptoms (e.g., chewing sounds, breathing sounds), as well as a wide range of emotional (e.g., anger, annoyance, disgust) and behavioral (e.g., aggression, avoidance) responses to triggers. Youth and caregivers exhibited high agreement on misophonia triggers but lower agreement on symptom severity and associated impairment. Compared to younger children (aged 8−13), older children (aged 14+) appeared to report symptom severity and associated impairment more reliably.ConclusionMisophonia is a heterogenous and impairing clinical condition that warrants future investigation and evidence‐based treatment development.
Exploring the effect of chlorhexidine concentration on the biocorrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V for dental implants
Authors: Faramarzi Masoumeh , Shabgard Sara , Khalili Vida , Ege Duygu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCorrosion of dental implants is one of the most critical factors in the failure of implant treatments. Generally, corrosion depends on the type of material used in implants and the chemical composition of the oral environment. Due to the antibacterial activities, mouthwashes and chlorhexidine gels are often used after implant surgery. Ti6Al4V is commonly used in manufacturing dental implants. The present study aims to investigate the corrosion behavior of the Ti6Al4V alloy under different concentrations of chlorhexidine (0.12%, 0.2%,and 2%) during 2‐ and 24‐h immersion. This way corrosion may be minimized while obtaining an antibacterial environment around the implant. In this regard, the electrochemical behavior of the specimens was investigated using polarization and impedance tests, and then their morphology, cross‐section and nano‐tribological behavior were evaluated using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, and nano‐scratch test. The results show that using chlorhexidine solution with a concentration of 0.12% could yield a lower corrosion rate and material loss after implant surgery.Research Highlights
Open circuit potential values increase with immersion time, which suggests multistage passivation of the surface during immersion in chlorhexidine.
Specimens in 0.12% chlorhexidine show improved thermodynamic corrosion resistance.
Nano‐scratch testing demonstrates higher scratch resistance for specimens in 0.12% chlorhexidine solution after 2‐h immersion.
Higher chlorhexidine concentration than 0.12% and longer immersion times decrease the resistance of the formed passive layer.
Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Biopolymer‐Based Aerogels as Smart Platforms for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Alkhalidi Hala M. , Alahmadi Amerh Aiad , Rizg Waleed Y. , Yahya Esam Bashir , H.P.S. Abdul Khalil , Mushtaq Rayan Y. , Badr Moutaz Y. , Safhi Awaji Y. , Hosny Khaled M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCancer stands as a leading cause of global mortality, with chemotherapy being a pivotal treatment approach, either alone or in conjunction with other therapies. The primary goal of these therapies is to inhibit the growth of cancer cells specifically, while minimizing harm to healthy dividing cells. Conventional treatments, often causing patient discomfort due to side effects, have led researchers to explore innovative, targeted cancer cell therapies. Thus, biopolymer‐based aerogels emerge as innovative platforms, showcasing unique properties that respond intelligently to diverse stimuli. This responsiveness enables precise control over the release of anticancer drugs, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The significance of these aerogels lies in their ability to offer targeted drug delivery with increased efficacy, biocompatibility, and a high drug payload. In this comprehensive review, the author discuss the role of biopolymer‐based aerogels as an emerging functionalized platforms in anticancer drug delivery. The review addresses the unique properties of biopolymer‐based aerogels showing their smart behavior in responding to different stimuli including temperature, pH, magnetic and redox potential to control anticancer drug release. Finally, the review discusses the application of different biopolymer‐based aerogel in delivering different anticancer drugs and also discusses the potential of these platforms in gene delivery applications.
H2S donor S‐propargyl‐cysteine for skin wound healing improvement via smart transdermal delivery
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqing , Chen Yao , Lin Zhongxiao , Jin Xinyang , Su Bolun , Liu Xiaotong , Yang Mao , Chen Keyuan , Zhu Menglin , Wang Lei , Zhu Yi Zhun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydrogen sulfide for wound healing has drawn a lot of attention recently. In this research, the S‐propargyl‐cysteine (SPRC), an endogenous H2S donor, was loaded on carbomer hydrogel, and a copper sheet rat burn model was developed. Pathological changes in rat skin tissue were examined using hematoxylin–eosin (HE) and Masson staining. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to detect the expression of Collagen I (Col I) and Collagen III (Col III). The mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, Col Iα2, Col IIIα1, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 were examined by quantitative real‐time chain polymerase reaction. The findings demonstrated that the collagen layer was thicker in the SPRC group during the proliferative phase, SPRC hydrogel promoted VEGF expression. In the late stage of wound healing, the expression of IL‐6, TIMP‐1, MMP‐9, and TGF‐β1 was inhibited, and the Col I content was closer to that of normal tissue. These results surface that SPRC hydrogel can promote wound healing and play a positive role in reducing scar formation. Our results imply that SPRC can facilitate wound healing and play a positive role in reducing scar formation.
Autism spectrum disorder: pathogenesis, biomarker, and intervention therapy
Authors: Zhuang Hongbin , Liang Zhiyuan , Ma Guanwei , Qureshi Ayesha , Ran Xiaoqian , Feng Chengyun , Liu Xukun , Yan Xi , Shen Liming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a common neurodevelopmental disorder. The heterogeneity of ASD poses great challenges for its research and clinical translation. On the basis of reviewing the heterogeneity of ASD, this review systematically summarized the current status and progress of pathogenesis, diagnostic markers, and interventions for ASD. We provided an overview of the ASD molecular mechanisms identified by multi‐omics studies and convergent mechanism in different genetic backgrounds. The comorbidities, mechanisms associated with important physiological and metabolic abnormalities (i.e., inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction), and gut microbial disorder in ASD were reviewed. The non‐targeted omics and targeting studies of diagnostic markers for ASD were also reviewed. Moreover, we summarized the progress and methods of behavioral and educational interventions, intervention methods related to technological devices, and research on medical interventions and potential drug targets. This review highlighted the application of high‐throughput omics methods in ASD research and emphasized the importance of seeking homogeneity from heterogeneity and exploring the convergence of disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and intervention approaches, and proposes that taking into account individuality and commonality may be the key to achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Suppressing Endocannabinoid System
Authors: Chen Yan‐fang , Fan Ze‐kai , Wang Yin‐peng , Liu Peng , Guo Xiao‐fei , Li Duo 
Published: March 2024

ScopeEndocannabinoid signaling regulates energy homeostasis, and is tightly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study previously finds that supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has superior function to ameliorate NAFLD compared with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The present study aims to investigate whether DHA intervention alleviates NAFLD via endocannabinoid system.Methods and resultsIn a case–control study, the serum endocannabinoid ligands in 60 NAFLD and 60 healthy subjects are measured. Meanwhile, NAFLD model is established in mice fed a high‐fat and ‐cholesterol diet (HFD) for 9 weeks. DHA or EPA is administrated for additional 9 weeks. Serum primary endocannabinoid ligands, namely anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidoniylglycerol (2‐AG), are significantly higher in individuals with NAFLD compared with healthy controls. NAFLD model shows that serum 2‐AG concentrations and adipocyte cannabinoid receptor 1 expression levels are significantly lower in DHA group compared with HFD group. Lipidomic and targeted ceramide analyses further confirm that endocannabinoid signaling inhibition has exerted deletion of hepatic C16:0‐ceramide contents, resulting in down‐regulation of de novo fatty acid synthesis and up‐regulation of fatty acid β‐oxidation related protein expression levels.ConclusionsThis work elucidates that DHA has improved NAFLD by suppressing endocannabinoid system.
Fat malabsorption in critical illness
Authors: Kasotakis George , Whitmore Colin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMalnutrition in critical illness is common and is associated with significant increases in adverse outcomes. A hypermetabolic state and underfeeding both contribute to the incidence of malnutrition. Malabsorption caused by critical illness is also an important contributor to the development of malnutrition. The early provision of enteral nutrition is associated with improved outcomes. Strategies for nutrition therapy must be informed by the alterations in absorption of macronutrients present in these patients. The following review examines alterations in fat metabolism during critical illness, and its consequences to overall nutrition status. Critical illness, as well as the sequalae of common medical interventions, may lead to alterations in the mechanical and chemical processes by which fat is digested and absorbed. Mechanical alterations include delayed gastric emptying and changes to the normal gut transit time. Pharmacologic interventions aimed at reducing these impacts may themselves, negatively affect efficient fat absorption. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency can also occur in critical illness and may be underappreciated as a cause of fat malabsorption. Dysfunction of the gut lymphatics has been proposed as a contributing factor to fat malabsorption, and additional work is needed to better describe and quantify those effects. Achieving optimal outcomes for nutrition therapy requires recognition of these alterations in fat digestion.
Flourishing among undergraduate nursing students: Insights from a cross‐sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shdaifat Emad , Alshowkan Amira , Omer Amna , Alqahtani Friyal , AL‐Qahtani Mona , Alsaleh Nagla , Kamel Neama , Alotaibi Nora 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the factors that influence the level of flourishing among nursing students.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA multistage sampling technique was used to recruit 328 undergraduate nursing students from a nursing college. Data were collected from February to June 2023 using the Global Flourishing Study (GFS) questionnaire, which assesses six domains of flourishing and their determinants. To ensure reliability and validity, a pilot study was conducted and a thorough validation process was employed.ResultsThe Flourishing Index ranged from 24.0 to 100.0, with an average score of 74.2 (SD = 14.8). Well‐being, disposition and behaviour, as well as external factors, correlated strongly positively with the Flourishing Index (r = 0.741, r = 0.565, r = 0.596, all p < 0.001). The Flourishing level was significantly negatively correlated with religion (r = −0.381, p < 0.001). Married participants had a significantly negative association with flourishing (p = 0.009). Disposition and behaviour were significantly and positively associated with flourishing (p = 0.017). The regression model had goodness of fit (R2 = 0.628) and was significant overall (F = 108.703, p = 0.001). The Flourishing model was established based on well‐being, external factors, religion, disposition and behaviour, and marital status.ConclusionPositive correlations between flourishing and well‐being, disposition and external factors suggest areas of improvement. Conversely, the negative association with religion emphasizes the necessity of culturally sensitive approaches. Future studies with larger and more diverse samples, as well as additional variables, are crucial to obtain a deeper understanding of the factors that influence flourishing among nursing students in Saudi Arabia.
Hypofractionated re‐irradiation for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Mankuzhy Nikhil P. , Tringale Kathryn R. , Dunkel Ira J. , Farouk Sait Sameer , Souweidane Mark M. , Khakoo Yasmin , Karajannis Matthias A. , Wolden Suzanne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRe‐irradiation (reRT) increases survival in locally recurrent diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). There is no standard dose and fractionation for reRT, but conventional fractionation (CF) is typically used. We report our institutional experience of reRT for DIPG, which includes hypofractionation (HF).MethodsWe reviewed pediatric patients treated with brainstem reRT for DIPG at our institution from 2012 to 2022. Patients were grouped by HF or CF. Outcomes included steroid use, and overall survival (OS) was measured from both diagnosis and start of reRT.ResultsOf 22 patients who received reRT for DIPG, two did not complete their course due to clinical decline. Of the 20 who completed reRT, the dose was 20–30 Gy in 2‐Gy fractions (n = 6) and 30–36 Gy in 3‐Gy fractions (n = 14). Median age was 5 years (range: 3–14), median interval since initial RT was 8 months (range: 3–20), and 12 received concurrent bevacizumab. Median OS from diagnosis was 18 months [95% confidence interval: 17–24]. Median OS from start of reRT for HF versus CF was 8.2 and 7.5 months, respectively (p = .20). Thirteen (93%) in the HF group and three (75%) in the CF group tapered pre‐treatment steroid dose down or off within 2 months after reRT due to clinical improvement. There was no significant difference in steroid taper between HF and CF (p = .4). No patients developed radionecrosis.ConclusionreRT with HF achieved survival duration comparable to published outcomes and effectively palliated symptoms. Future investigation of this regimen in the context of new systemic therapies and upfront HF is warranted.
Synergistic effect of BNNS and MgAl layered double hydroxide nanosheets on dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of polyetherimide nanocomposite films
Authors: Hong Zhen , Xing Yun , Xue Mingshan , Yang Dan , Xia Xinyu , Guo Jingxiao , Luo Yidan , Yin Zuozhu , Xie Chan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of polymer‐based dielectric nanocomposites with superior dielectric properties, heat dissipation, and excellent thermal stability remains a significant challenge for advanced electronic and electrical systems. In this work, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and MgAl layered double hydroxide nanosheets (MgAl LDHNS) were utilized as binary fillers and incorporated into polyetherimide (PEI) to fabricate BNNS‐MgAl LDHNS/PEI nanocomposite films by ball milling dispersion and solution casting method. Owing to the exceptional synergistic effect of BNNS with high thermal conductivity and large diameter, combined with MgAl LDHNS with high dielectric constant and small diameter, the dielectric constant and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite film were enhanced while maintaining low dielectric loss and high breakdown strength. For the BNNS‐MgAl LDHNS/PEI nanocomposite films with filler loading of 12 wt%, the dielectric constant (6.47 at 100 Hz) increased by 73%, the in‐plane thermal conductivity (6.932 W/m·K) and through‐plane thermal conductivity (0.407 W/m·K) increased by 561% and 111%, respectively. And the breakdown strength of the nanocomposite film remains at 82.1 kV/mm. Simultaneously, the thermal stability and mechanical flexibility of the nanocomposite film were maintained. This work presents a promising PEI‐based composite material and offers new insights into the role of two‐dimensional binary fillers with varying sheet diameters in enhancing the properties of polymer‐based composites.Highlights
BNNS‐MgAl LDHNS/PEI nanocomposite film was prepared.
The nanocomposite film has high dielectric and thermal properties.
The interfacial polarization synergistic enhanced by the 2D binary fillers.
A high thermal conductivity path was formed between 2D binary fillers.
The role of photo‐catalytically synthesized poly (N‐vinyl pyrrolidone‐methyl methacrylate)/CuO‐rGO nanocomposite as a filler for the reinforcement for epoxy system
Authors: Rajan Ramya , Jayadev D. , Suresh Aiswarya Ambili , Raman Akhila , Venu Gopika , Jayan Jitha S. , Francis Bejoy , Saritha Appukuttan , Joseph Kuruvila 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates the effective copolymerization of N‐Vinyl pyrrolidone and methyl methacrylate using reduced graphene oxide adorned with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO‐rGO) acting as a catalyst when exposed to blue LED irradiation to generate random copolymer hybrid system of P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO). We investigated the effects of this copolymer hybrid system of P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) on the mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties of epoxy (DEGBA‐DETDA) composite. By employing two different concentrations of CuO nanoparticle, we assessed the reinforcement capability of the synthesized copolymer‐nanoparticle hybrid within an epoxy matrix. We observed that the composite sample comprising P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO), having 0.5% of CuO‐rGO (Cu002) with respect to the epoxy concentration resulted in significant enhancements in fracture toughness. Further mechanical properties and thermal properties of the composite samples were studied using DMA, DSC and TGA. Microstructural properties and Mechanisms of toughening are elucidated through the examination of SEM images depicting the fracture surfaces. Moreover, the hybrid composites exhibited notable antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus compared to control. These findings highlight the copolymer hybrid P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) system's role as a multifunctional filler, enhancing epoxy composites' durability, functionality, and antibacterial performance. Our work advances the field of composites by showcasing the customized use of nanoparticle‐enhanced copolymers to improve material properties, providing valuable insights for the development of next‐generation composite materials.Highlights
Achieved novel copolymerization of N‐Vinyl pyrrolidone and methyl methacrylate.
CuO‐rGO successfully facilitates P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) nanocomposite formation.
P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) nanocomposite proved as an effective filler for epoxy.
P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) reinforced epoxy enhances toughness by 143% over neat epoxy
Reinforced epoxy showed better efficacy against E. coli & S. aureus versus control.
Biopolymer composites based on ultrasound/plasma‐modified fiber waste and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT): Physicochemical and functional performance
Authors: Sifuentes‐Nieves Israel , Hernandez‐Gamez Jose F. , Salinas‐Hernández Myrna , Garcia‐Hernandez Zureima , Herrera‐Guerrero Adan , Hernandez‐Hernandez Ernesto , Flores‐Silva Pamela C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA strategy for a circular economy is to reuse and modify agricultural wastes through green methodologies, which can be employed as high‐value raw materials to produce sustainable materials. Thus, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) composites containing plasma (P) and ultrasound/plasma (UP) modified Agave fibers (AF) were prepared by the melt mixing process. The effect of content (10% and 20%) and type of fiber on the processing, structural, mechanical, and water barrier performance of PBAT composites was assessed. FTIR analysis exhibited the presence of O‐Si‐O groups in all composites containing modified AF, indicating the presence of nanometric hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) coating on the fiber surface. The addition of modified AF into PBAT polymer promoted higher torque levels and specific energy during the composites processing, indicating higher matrix‐fiber interactions that hindered the free flow of the polymeric chains. Nevertheless, SEM, DSC, and crystallinity results revealed that PBAT‐AFUP composites exhibited more homogeneous surfaces and ordered structures that promoted higher entanglement between modified fibers and the PBAT matrix and restricted the binding sites for water interaction as changes in tensile modulus (from 90 to 163 MPa) and water contact angle (from 63 to 77°) indicated. These findings show that modified Agave fibers are a sustainable raw material that can be easily processed to produce soft and hydrophobic PBAT‐based composites.Highlights
The fiber type determined the functional performance of the PBAT composites
The modified fibers increased the entanglement of composite chains
UP‐modified fibers improved the water barrier performance of the PBAT matrix
Kirchhoff – Pionier der Elektrotechnik und Spektroskopie
Authors: Wiechert Horst 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungGustav Robert Kirchhoff war ein genialer Physiker. Auf der Grundlage seines in der Königsberger Schule erworbenen Wissens gelang es ihm, wichtige Fortschritte sowohl in der Experimentalphysik wie in der Theoretischen Physik zu erzielen, die noch heute von großer Bedeutung sind. Bekannt sind seine Gesetze zu geschlossenen Stromkreisen, die Strahlungsgesetze und die spektroskopischen Untersuchungen, die er zusammen mit Robert Wilhelm Bunsen durchführte. Sie eröffneten Möglichkeiten, aus der Analyse des Lichts ferner Himmelskörper deren elementare Zusammensetzung zu erschließen, ein wesentlicher Schlüssel zur Erforschung der Materie im Weltraum.