bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispositional mindfulness: Is it related to knee osteoarthritis population’s common health problems?
Authors: Chu Su-Feng , Lin Li-Chen , Chiu Aih-Fung , Wang Hsiu-Hung 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: A growing body of research supports dispositional mindfulness as important in influencing physical and mental health as well as physical activities in patients with chronic illnesses. Knee osteoarthritis (OA), which often causes health problems, is one of the most common chronic illnesses, but less is known about dispositional mindfulness in relation to this condition.
Objective: To explore possible associations between dispositional mindfulness and physical and mental health as well as physical activity in knee OA patients.
Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we recruited a purposive sample of orthopedic clinic patients in hospitals in Southern Taiwan. Instruments included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Health-related characteristics were also measured. Demographic statistics, bivariate correlations, and multiple linear regression informed our exploration of potentially related factors for dispositional mindfulness.
Results: Participants with knee OA (N = 250) were mostly elderly (88%), female (70.5%), and married (84%). Marital status, perceived health status, depression, and physical activity were associated with dispositional mindfulness. Better perceived health, lower depression, and greater physical activity were significantly associated with greater dispositional mindfulness. However, the severity of symptoms, fear of falling, and exercise self-efficacy did not reach statistical significance in relation to dispositional mindfulness.
Conclusion: Greater emphasis should be placed on the cultivation of mindfulness to enhance individuals’ perceived health, decrease their depressive mood, and promote their engagement in physical activity, which could indirectly alleviate their experience of pain and improve their physical function, yielding better quality of life and well-being. Future research should focus on interventions to apply dispositional mindfulness in order to determine whether dispositional mindfulness can effectively improve physical and mental health as well as physical activity in those with knee OA.
222 nm far-UVC light markedly reduces the airborne virus in an occupied room.
Authors: Buonanno Manuela , Kleiman Norman , Welch David , Hashmi Raabia , Shuryak Igor , Brenner David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An emerging intervention for control of airborne-mediated pandemics and epidemics is whole-room far-UVC (200-235 nm). Laboratory studies have shown that 222-nm light inactivates airborne pathogens, potentially without harm to exposed occupants. While encouraging results have been reported in benchtop studies and in room-sized bioaerosol chambers, there is a need for quantitative studies of airborne pathogen reduction in occupied rooms. We quantified far-UVC mediated reduction of aerosolized murine norovirus (MNV) in an occupied mouse-cage cleaning room within an animal-care facility. Benchtop studies suggest that MNV is a conservative surrogate for airborne viruses such as influenza and coronavirus. Using four 222-nm fixtures installed in the ceiling, and staying well within current recommended regulatory limits, far-UVC reduced airborne infectious MNV by 99.8% (95% CI: 98.2-99.9%). Similar to previous room-sized bioaerosol chamber studies on far-UVC efficacy, these results suggest that aerosolized virus susceptibility is significantly higher in room-scale tests than in bench-scale laboratory studies. That said, as opposed to controlled laboratory studies, uncertainties in this study related to airflow patterns, virus residence time, and dose to the collected virus introduce uncertainty into the inactivation estimates. This study is the first to directly demonstrate far-UVC anti-microbial efficacy against airborne pathogens in an occupied indoor location.
Biomass waste-based material: Electrochemical performance and CO2 uptake capability
Authors: Trinh Kieu Trang , Kalderis Dimitrios , Tsubota Toshiki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the utilization of Japanese cedar bark (JCB) waste for the preparation of chemically-activated porous biochar materials using K2CO3 (xKC, where x represents the K2CO3 to JCB weight ratio). The research explores the versatile applications of these biochar materials, specifically focusing on CO2 adsorption and as supercapacitors. A thorough analysis employing chemical composition, microstructure, gas adsorption isotherms is conducted to gain insights into the surface and structural properties of the materials. The CO2 adsorption and electrochemical performance are assessed through isotherms at 298K and various electrochemical techniques. The study identifies functional groups and pore structures as critical factors influencing the adsorption capacity of xKC. Among the samples, 2KC demonstrated the optimal CO2 adsorption (approximately 180 mg g− 1), while 6KC exhibited superior electrochemical stability, with a maximum capacitance of around 210 F g− 1 at 10 mA g− 1. This comprehensive exploration provides valuable insights into the impact of material properties on both CO2 adsorption and electrochemical behavior in K2CO3-activated biochar from JCB, suggesting promising interdisciplinary applications.
Cutting performance of positive rake angle inserts under the combined effect of chip breaker and surface micro-texture on the rake face
Authors: Liu Junhao , Su Guosheng , Xia Yan , Li Binxun , Sun Yujing , Du Jin , Fang Bin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fabrication of micro-textures on the chip breakers of the inserts is infrequent, and examines on the combined effects of chip breakers and surface textures of the positive rake angle inserts on chip breaking, cooling, lubrication, and friction wear are relatively scarce. In this research, a nanosecond laser was used to create textures on the insert of the chip breakers. Under wet and dry cutting environments, the cutting force, cutting heat, chip breaking and insert wear of traditional and textured inserts were compared and analyzed. Discusses the mechanisms of the synergistic effects of the chip breaker and surface micro-texture on chip breaking, cooling lubrication, and friction wear. The result indicates that the combined effect of chip breaker and surface micro-textures reduces cutting forces and cutting heat, diminishes insert wear, and facilitates chip breaking. The result of this study provides an idea for an approach to the development and fabrication of high-quality inserts.
Would the occurrence of a Maunder-like solar minimum reverse the observed climate change?
Authors: Cataldi Marcio , Rangel Rafael , Galvez Vitor Luiz , Jerez Sonia , Montavez Juan Pedro , Marin Amar Halifa , Landau Luiz 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates a hypothetical scenario in which a prolonged solar minimum, such as the Maunder minimum, is combined with an increase in CO2 emissions observed during the postindustrial period. For that purpose, two fully coupled state-of-the-art Earth system simulations were performed spanning the period 1850–2000. From the year 1950 onwards, the radiative forcings differed. One accounts for the observed radiative forcing, including the increase in CO2 concentrations in recent decades, while the other adds the artifact of a decrease in the solar constant of similar magnitude as that which occurred during the Maunder minimum four centuries ago, maintaining the increase in CO2. The model was evaluated by comparing the results of the simulations with the ERA5 data and the reanalysis data from the 20th century, versions 2 and 3. In some evaluations in this study, meridional averages were calculated at 30-degree latitude intervals to observe the differences between the effects of the Maunder minimum in each region of the planet. It was possible to see good consistency between the temperature differences in the second half of the 20th century simulated by the CESM and the data from the reanalysis in all the regions analysed, with the CESM variability remaining within what was observed between the reanalysis products themselves. The results showed that, when comparing the period 1950–2000 with the period 1851–1949, the Maunder Minimum experiment mitigated the warming of the planet in this period by approximately 50%, although it was unable to reverse it. In the periods where the greatest warming was observed, at the end of the 20th century, the Maunder minimum had the most significant influence on reducing this warming in the Southern Hemisphere and in the section between 0–30°N; this warming could be reduced by almost 70%, and it had a smaller or almost zero influence in the region between 30–90°N. However, even though the Maunder minimum mitigates warming, this trend has not been systematically reversed worldwide.
Adapting Organizational Culture Scale into Healthcare Professional Education: A Scale Validity and Reliability Analysis
Authors: Başer Aysel , Şahin Hatice , Sönmez Ömer Faruk , Arpaçay Duygu Kürklü 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: This study aims to adapt and validate the Organizational Culture Scale (OCS) by İpek (1999) for higher education institutions in healthcare professional training, emphasizing the unique cultural dimensions within these settings. The importance of organizational culture in academic and scientific progress is highlighted, necessitating precise instruments for its assessment.
Methods: The adaptation involved expert consultations across health disciplines, removal of redundant items, and rigorous statistical validation, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, utilizing a sample of 402 students from various health-related faculties. The process was guided by established practices, including the Lawshe technique for content validity and the "tens" rule for sample size determination.
Results: The adapted scale, reduced to 23 items across six factors, demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability. The factor analysis accounted for 47.885% of the variance, with factors named success orientation, organizational belonging, process planning, organizational support, management power, and bureaucratic processes. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the scale's structure, and reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.860.
Conclusions: The study successfully adapts the OCS for healthcare professional education, offering a reliable and valid tool for assessing organizational culture in this context. The adapted scale provides insights into organizational culture's impact on educational quality, suggesting its use in strategic planning and improvement initiatives. Future research should continue validating the scale across different contexts.
A generative adversarial network using residual feature fusion for JPEG restoration and anti-forensics
Authors: Yang Gaoming , Feng Xiang , Zhang Ji , Fang Xianjin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
JPEG image recovery involves eliminating artifacts introduced by JPEG compression, while anti-forensics specifically targets the removal of image processing traces caused by compression. Despite recent improvements in removing compression artifacts and anti-forensics using (generative adversarial networks) GANs, the high number of parameters makes it computationally complex and often overlooks certain hierarchical features. To address these issues, we propose a novel Residual Feature Fusion (RFF) framework as the backbone network of the generator. This framework has two structures that fuse residuals, made up of multiple modules. It adds skip connections to directly incorporate forward features in each local remaining branch. Furthermore, to enhance the capabilities of the RFF framework, we introduce an Improved Spatial Attention (ISA) block. The ISA block enhances the focus of the remaining features on the critical spatial content. Our final generator network is constructed by applying the proposed RFF framework and ISA blocks. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms existing JPEG anti-forensics techniques in terms of image quality while maintaining comparable anti-forensics performance.
Evolutionary trends in the elasmobranch neurocranium
Authors: Gayford Joel H. , Brazeau Martin D. , Naylor Gavin J.P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The neurocranium (braincase) is one of the defining vertebrate characters. Housing the brain and other key sensory organs, articulating with the jaws and contributing to the shape of the anteriormost portion of the body, the braincase is undoubtedly of great functional importance. Through studying relationships between braincase shape and ecology we can gain an improved understanding of form-function relationships in extant and fossil taxa. Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) represent an important case study of vertebrate braincase diversity as their neurocranium is simplified and somewhat decoupled from other components of the cranium relative to other vertebrates. Little is known about the associtions between ecology and braincase shape in this clade. In this study we report patterns of mosaic cranial evolution in Elasmobranchii that differ significantly from those present in other clades. The degree of evolutionary modularity also differs between Selachii and Batoidea. In both cases innovation in the jaw suspension appears to have driven shifts in patterns of integration and modularity, subsequently facilitating ecological diversification. Our results confirm the importance of depth and biogeography as drivers of elasmobranch cranial diversity and indicate that skeletal articulation between the neurocranium and jaws represents a major constraint upon the evolution of braincase shape in vertebrates.
Stratospheric circulation response to stratospheric aerosol injections remains uncertain.
Authors: Diallo Mohamadou , Dunker Nils , Eichinger Roland , Ploeger Felix , Garny Hella , Ern Manfred , Ball William , Stenke Andrea , Revell Laura , Aquila Valentina , Tilmes Simone , Kinnison Douglas , Shepherd Theodore , Hegglin Michaela 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mitigating global warming through stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), which aims to reproduce the cooling effects of tropical volcanoes on surface climate, is emerging as a potential strategy for limiting near–surface global warming to around 1.5–2◦C above pre–industrial levels. However, knowledge of how the stratospheric circulation will respond to SAI, and the resulting feedback on surface climate and weather, remain highly uncertain. Here, we quantify the stratospheric circulation response to the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption and compare its response to a future global warming scenario with and without tropical SAI. We show that the shallow branch of the stratospheric circulation slows down in climate models and observations following tropical aerosol perturbations due to reduced lower stratospheric planetary and gravity wave breaking. However, the depth and strength of the deep branch response is highly uncertain. Climate models show a strengthening of the deep branch due to enhanced middle/upper stratospheric planetary and gravity wave breaking, contrasting with the observed weakening of the deep branch induced by reduced planetary and gravity wave forcing. As interest in SAI continues to grow, our results demonstrate the urgent need to study the impact of gravity/planetary wave uncertainty on ozone recovery, surface climate and weather.
Study of the plasma pinch and ion beam properties versus the nitrogen gas pressure using the Lee model code
Authors: Nassif Alaa , Sahyouni Walid , Zeidan Ola 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study presents the results of a series of numerical experiments that ‎were carried out using Lee code in order to study the ‎properties of plasma pinch versus nitrogen gas pressure and its ‎effect on the number and energy of ion beams emitted from the ‎two dense plasma focus devices PF400 and APF. The results showed ‎that the number of nitrogen ions ‎are 7.9×1013 ions (for PF400) and 3.82×1014 ions (for APF), while the highest ‎beam energy is 18 J for APF, due to the effect of the operating energy and ‎the parameters of the two studied devices on the ‎properties of the ion source (the pinch). This study presents the ‎properties of an ion source that can be used in practical applications. ‎ ‎
Design a Software Reference Architecture to Enhance Privacy and Security in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Tertulino Rodrigo , Ivaki Naghmeh , Morais Higor 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Healthcare services and organizations rely on Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to manage, store, and transmit patient data records. Consequently, EHRs play a crucial role in providing high-quality services and maintaining the privacy and security of patients' sensitive data. However, designing such complex systems with security and privacy concerns is anything but simple. This study aims to propose a software reference architecture (SRA) tailored for Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with security and privacy considerations, intending to enhance the development of these systems. To achieve this goal, we analyze the classification of reference architectures (RAs), taking into account the primary security and privacy requirements of EHRs along with well-established architectural design methods. We propose a layered architecture for SRA with privacy and security considerations. Subsequently, we derive the following five architecture views for SRA: the feature diagram, the context diagram, the decomposition view, the layered view, and the deployment view. Each view showcases the SRA software architecture from a different perspective.Moreover, we conducted an evaluation of the proposed SRA through its application in a case study. Specifically, we applied the proposed SRA and derived the application architecture from a study focused on Brazilian EHRs. Our analysis highlights the potential issues arising from the absence of an SRA tailored for EHRs, particularly regarding privacy and security concerns surrounding patient data. Through this case study, we demonstrate the practical applicability of our proposed SRA in enhancing EHR systems.
An Empirical Investigation on the Underlying Factors of Recently Declining Air Pollution in China
Authors: Akça Emrah Eray , Tosun Tayfun Tuncay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study analyses the underlying factors of recently declining air pollution in China, utilizing annual time series data spanning from 2000 to 2020 in the framework of the autoregressive distributed lag model approach. In the empirical setting, air pollution is represented by particulate matter 2.5 concentrations known as the most detrimental ambient pollutant, and the empirical model includes several socioeconomic potential determinants of air pollution. The main motivation behind the study is the downward tendency of air pollution in China as of the second decade of the 2000s. At this point, although it is commonly accepted that the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan implemented by the Chinese State Council has been effective, the underlying specific factors of declining air pollution are not clear. From this motivation, the study unveiled the positive impact of economic growth, industrialization, and foreign direct investment inflows on air pollution, while medium- and high-tech exports and coal rents are found negatively associated with air pollution. In this respect, overall results particularly emphasize the declining impact of an increase in medium- and high-tech exports on air pollution. In this context, to improve the air quality further, the study suggests that China should transform its industrialization structure toward specialization in medium- and high-tech products, and promote foreign direct investment inflows specialized in these types of products. The study provides additional policy recommendations for Chinese policymakers.
A Novel Imaging-Based Scoring System to Predict Progressive Kyphosis and Residual Back Pain Post-Percutaneous Kyphoplasty in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Jin Cong , Shang JinXiang , He Wei , Chen Xi , Zheng Jiewen , He Lei , Han Weiqi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A novel imaging-based scoring system (NIBSS) was developed to assess osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and predict progressive kyphosis (PK) and residual back pain (RBP) post-Percutaneous Kyphoplasty (PKP). We conducted a single-center retrospective study involving 129 OVCF patients treated with PKP from January 2020 to December 2022. Patients were categorized into low-score and high-score groups based on NIBSS, revealing significantly lower Vertebral Height Loss (VHL), Kyphosis angle (KA), and VAS/ODI scores in the low-score group (P < 0.05). High-score patients showed increased risk of PK and RBP (OR = 11.323 and OR = 13.591, respectively, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified independent risk factors for PK as NIBSS score, postoperative KA difference, black-liner signal, and postoperative ODI score. Additionally, independent risk factors for RBP were determined to be NIBSS score, postoperative KA, and Type D cement form. Our models exhibited strong discriminative performances (AUC = 0.923 and 0.894). NIBSS emerged as a pivotal predictor for adverse outcomes, advocating for tailored interventions in high-risk patients, such as rigid bracing, active osteoporosis treatment, or even adjunctive internal fixation. This study underscores the clinical utility of NIBSS in guiding treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes post-PKP.
Ancestry-specific polygenic risk scores improve clinical
assessments of breast cancer risk in diverse populations
Authors: Busby George , Kulm Scott , Bolli Alessandro , Kintzle Jen , Domenico Paolo Di , Neary John , Morganstern Daniel , Bottà Giordano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A woman’s risk of breast cancer risk can be assessed through models that integrate physiological, environmental and genetic factors. Here we use genome-wide data from 309,479 women including 128,771 with clinical data to build and validate ancestry-specific polygenic risk scores (PRS) for breast cancer (BC) and use them to explore the interplay between clinical factors and rare and common genetic variation on cancer risk. We show that integrating PRSs into the Tyrer-Cuzick risk model improves the classification of risk in prospective cohort data from more than 100,000 women. Across different genetic ancestry groups, we show that PRSs identify women at equivalent risk of cancer as carriers of pathogenic variants in key BC susceptibility genes, but who are more than 5 times more numerous at the population level. The PRSs substantially improve BC risk stratification in women with monogenic BC susceptibility syndromes, with women with the highest PRS values having around twice the risk of those with the lowest values. Women with high PRS values accrue per annum risk more quickly and at younger ages than those with average or low PRS values, leading to a greater than 20 year age discrepancy in reaching guideline-delineated high-risk thresholds, depending on their PRS value. These results have important implications for BC risk mitigation in diverse populations and advocate for the inclusion of PRSs in breast cancer prevention strategies.