bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of virus‐specific DNA and RNA base‐sequences in individual cells transformed or infected by adenovirus type 2
Authors: Moar M. H. , Jones K. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy means of 3H thymidine‐labelled adenovirus 2 DNA, adenovirus‐specific DNA sequences have been localized in individual nuclei of adenovirus 2‐ or 12‐infected cells, and adenovirus‐specific RNA sequences have been detected in the permissive cells as well as in cells transformed by adenovirus type 2. The ability to detect such specific virus RNA base‐sequences in particular, by in situ hybridization, should be useful in studying the transcriptional specificities of tumours and neoplasms.
Origin of lymphoid lines established from mixed cultures of cord‐blood lymphocytes and explants from infectious mononucleosis, burkitt lymphoma and healthy donors
Authors: Dalens M. , Zech L. , Klein G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes were explanted from EBV‐seropositive donors including peripheral blood of infectious mononucleosis patients, healthy donors and EBV‐genome‐carrying cells from Burkitt lymphoma (BL) biopsies or nude mouse‐passaged, BL‐biopsy‐derived lines. The explanted cells were mixed with fresh cord‐blood lymphocytes from mice of the opposite sex. In all categories of derived lines, cord‐blood cell progeny was predominant, as judged by the sex marker and other associated markers. Only one BL biopsy line, serially passaged in nude mice, gave rise to a monoclonal lymphoma line.
Inhibition of leukocyte migration in agarose by KC1 extracts of a human melanoma cell line grown in serum‐free medium
Authors: Boddie A. W. , Urist Marshall M. , Chee Darwin O. , Holmes E. Carmack , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKCl extracts of Melanoma 14, a human melanoma cell line grown in chemically defined serum‐free medium, inhibited leukocyte migration in 19/36 (53%) patients with malignant melanoma. Only 4/23 (17%) controls with non‐melanoma malignancies and 4/28 (14%) normal subjects with no history of cancer were similarly inhibited. Only 2/27 melanoma patients tested against KCl extracts of normal muscle tissue excised from the donor of Melanoma 14 were significantly inhibited. Patients with Stage I (localized) melanoma and patients with Stage III (generalized) melanoma reacted with roughly equal frequency but the number of patients in each group was too small for meaningful statistical analysis. Leukocytes from the donor of Melanoma 14 were tested in a completely autologous system against extracts of Melanoma 14 tissue culture cells and extracts of autologous muscle and were specifically inhibited by the Melanoma 14 tissue culture extract (Migration Index = 0.67) but not by the extract of normal muscle (Migration Index = 0.96). Only 7/32 (22%) melanoma patients were significantly inhibited by an extract of non‐melanoma tumor. These results suggest that melanoma‐associated antigens are present in soluble extracts of this tumor line. Such extracts could provide a continuing source of standard melanoma‐associated antigens for purification and chemical characterization and for diagnostic and prognostic tests in patients with malignant melanoma.
Comparison between two antibody populations in the EBV system: Anti‐MA Versus neutralizing antibody activity
Authors: De Schryver André , Rosén Anders , Gunvén Peter , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEBV‐neutralizing antibody titers were determined in 11 sera derived from African Burkitt lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and in the corresponding serum fractions retained above XM 100 Diaflo membranes after low pH treatment, and after recombination of the retained and passed fractions by neutralization of the acidified samples. They were compared with the corresponding antimembrane antigen (MA) titers in seven of the same sera. While all sera tested showed substantial increase of the anti‐MA activity in the retained fraction, resulting in a significantly increased mean titer, EBV neutralizing activity did not change at all after identical treatment or changed only in a random fashion, resulting in stable mean titers. It is suggested that anti‐MA and neutralizing antibodies are directed against at least partly different antigens on the virus.
In vitro cell‐mediated immune reactions of melanoma and colorectal carcinoma patients demonstrated by long‐term 51chromium assays
Authors: Steele Glenn , Sjögren H. O. , Standenberg I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a series of consecutive 51chromium (51Cr) assays, 21 melanoma and 14 colo‐rectal carcinoma patients were tested for their in vitro cell‐mediated immune reactions to melanoma, rectal adenocarcinoma, and normal fibroblast target cells. Blood lymphocytes (BL) from four individuals were included in each experiment. In 9/14 experiments the BL effects of 2 melanoma patients were compared to BL effects of 2 colorectal carcinoma patients. In two experiments, BL from 1 melanoma patient and 1 colorectal carcinoma patient were compared for cytotoxic effect with each other and with BL from 2 normal healthy donors, and in the remaining 3 experiments BL from 2 melanoma patients were compared with BL from 1 healthy donor and one patient bearing a tumor which was neither a melanoma nor a colorectal carcinoma. Eleven out of 14 experiments were performed in a criss‐cross manner. Target cells in the first three tests of this series consisted of tumor cells and fibroblasts explanted from a single melanoma patient. In all of the remaining experiments, each BL population was tested for cytotoxicity against both a tumor‐fibroblast target cell pair explanted from one of two melanoma patients and a tumor‐fibroblast target cell pair explanted from a rectal adencarcinoma patient. Out of 35 tumor patients, 27 (77%) demonstrated a selective cytotoxic effect on the tumor target cells compared to the corresponding fibroblasts, while 4 patients (11%) showed a selective effect on the fibroblasts and 6/29 patients showed a selective effect on the other type of tumor cells compared to matching fibroblasts. In 8/11 experiments (including two repeat tests) tumor‐specific BL effects were demonstrated in a criss‐cross manner. BL effects were demonstrated in a criss‐cross manner. BL separations and 51Cr tests were repeated in 11 of the 35 patients 2‐4 weeks after their original tests. BL populations from these 11 patients reproduced their individual earlier effects, whether these effects showed specific, non‐specific, or no cytotoxicity. In each assay, differences in sensitivity between fibroblasts and tumor target cells in matched pairs were analyzed by comparing the effects of BL from the two controls. No differences in target‐cell sensitivity could be demonstrated.
Different surface glycoprotein patterns on human T‐, B‐ and leukemic‐lymphocytes
Authors: Andersson Lief C. , Wasastjerna Curt , Gahmberg Carl G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have labeled the exposed surface glycoprotein of human blood T‐ and B‐lymphocytes and cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia by the galactose oxidase‐tritiated sodium borohydride method. The labeled glycoproteins were separated by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and visualized by autoradiography. The T‐ and B‐lymphocytes show different and characteristic surface glycoprotein patterns. The surface glcoprotein patterns of the leukemic cells differ from those of normal, non‐malignant lymphocytes. A relationship between the altered surface glycoprotein pattern of leukemic cells and the expression of leumemiaassociated antigens is discussed.
Viral “Tumorigenesis” in man: Cell markers in condylomata acuminata
Authors: Friedman J. M. , Fialkow Philip J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDetermination of the glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD) phenotype of a neoplasm occurring in a heterozygous female can be used to trace the cellular origin of the tumor. This technique was performed on 834 individual verrucous subunits from four condylomata acuminata (venereal warts) arising in two patients heterozygous for a B and an A gene at the G‐6‐PD locus. All four specimens contained both A and B types of G‐6‐PD. Furthermore, even single verrucous subunits from each specimen occasionally contained both enzyme types. These data indicate that condylomata acuminata have a multicellular origin. The initial number of cells which, after viral infection, developed into a condyloma acuminatum was estimated to be about 4,400 cells, on the basis of statistical analysis of the data in one case.
A continuous tumor‐cell line from a human lung carcinoma with properties of type II alveolar epithelial cells
Authors: Lieber Michael , Todaro George , Smith Barry , Szakal Andras , Nelson‐Rees Walter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe A549 tumor‐cell line, initiated from a human alveolar cell carcinoma, has been continuously propagated in vitro for more than 3 years (more than 1,000 cell generations). These cells have a human karyotype and appear to have been derived from a single parent cell. All A549 cells examined by electron microscopy at both early and late passage levels contain multilamellar cytoplasmic inclusion bodies typical of those found in type II alveolar epithelial cells of the lung. At early and late passage levels, the cells synthesize lecithin with a high percentage of disaturated fatty acids utilizing the cytidine diphosphocholine pathway; such a pattern of phospholipid synthesis is expected for cells believed to be responsible for pulmonary surfactant synthesis. The A549 cell line should permit in vitro analysis of human surfactant synthesis and secretion and possibly provide a source of human surfactant for therapeutic intervention in pulmonary disease states characterized by surfactant deficiency.
Tumor‐bound immunoglobulins. Evidence for the in vivo coating of tumor cells by potentially cytotoxic anti‐tumor antibodies
Authors: Ran Maya , Witz Isaac P. , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe experiments described herein were designed to determine whether part of the Ig coat of tumor cells consists of specific anti‐tumor antibodies. It was demonstrated that the inoculation of polyoma virus‐induced sarcoma cells (SEYF‐a) into syngeneic A.B Y mice stimulates the production of cytotoxic antibodies against the tumor‐cell population. The level of these antibodies, which was undetectable during the first week after transplantation, increased markedly during the second week, and remained high thereafter. Following the increase in cytotoxic antibodies in the serum, a cell‐bound potentially cytotoxic antibody was detected on the tumor cells by testing their sensitivity to rabbit complement. The increase in cell‐bound, potentially cytotoxic antibody followed the kinetics of the increase in serum antibody during the second week after transplantation and was inversely correlated to the amount of free antigens on the cell surface. These antigens, responsible for the sensitivity of the cells to a syngeneic hyperimmune cytotoxic antiserum, became non‐available for the cytotoxic antibodies during propagation of the tumor cells. Cells from a tumor propagated for 3 weeks could not compete for antitumor antibodies with cells propagated for 1 week. Yet it was possible to increases the antigenic capacity of cells from an old tumor by a treatment that would cause the release of tumor‐associated Ig. Cytotoxic anti‐SEYF‐a antibodies could be dissociated from tumor cells propagated in vivo by methods causing dissociation of antigen‐antibody complexes, and detected in tumor eluates.
Humoral immune responses of cats to mammalian type‐C virus p30s
Authors: Charman Howard P. , Kim Nancy , Gilden R. V. , Gardner Murray B. , McAllister Robert M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNatural and expreimental cat sera were tested in radioimmune precipitation assays vs purified p30s from FeLV, RD114 and MuLV. Antibodies with specificity for FeLV p30 comparable to hyperimmune sera from heterologous species but of low titer were found in a high percentage of normal cats from households with a high incidence of FeLV and neoplasia. Sera from cats with neoplasms were generally negative. Cats immunized with FeLV gave low‐level immune response, also of the same general specificity as heterologous hyperimmune sera. Cat sera do not normally show antibody to RD114 p30 although two immunized weanling cats produced low titered but highly specific p30 antibody. Thus, for both classes of feline type‐C virus p30s, there is an evident capability of the cat to mount an immune response to naturural or experimental exposure to the respective proteins. The magnitude of the response is between 100 and 1,000 fold below that seen in heterologous species. In contrast, cats immunized with MuLV p30 gave immune responses comparable to those seen in guineapigs, rabbits and goats. Several very old cats with carcinoma had antibody which preferentially precipitated MuLV p30. A competition assay using one such serum and labelled MuLV p30 was inhibited by FeLV, RD114, and MuLV p30s. This indicates that the assay is “interspecies” in nature. Among the possible explanations of this reaction category is that it represents antibody to the p30 of an as yet undefined class of feline type‐C virus.
Biochemical changes during regression and regrowth of hormone‐dependent gr mouse mammary tumors
Authors: Schülein M. , Daehnfeldt J. L. , Briand P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDiscontinuation and recommencement of estrone‐progesterone treatment causes regression and regrowth, respectively, of transplantable hormonedependent GR mouse mammary tumors. This tumor model was found convenient for the demonstration of hormonal responses in hormone‐dependent mouse mammary tumor cells. Tumor regression was palpable 2 days after discontinuation of hormonal treatment and tumors reached half their size within 3‐6 days. At this point, hormones were readministered and 2‐4 days later the tumors had grown to their preregression size. In the growing and regressing tumor we have investigated: (1) the content of RNA, DNA and protein per g wet weight; (2) in vivo incorporation for 45 min of 32P‐orthophosphate into RNA and DNA and the 35S‐methionine incorporation into protein; (3) SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soluble proteins after in vivo incorporation of 14C‐ and 3H‐leucine. The RNA content per g wet weight was found to decrease during regression and to increase during regrowth. DNA and protein content showed no variation. RNA/DNA ratio thus varied in parallel to the RNA content. The precursor incorporation into all three macromolecular species decreased during regression. The incorporation into DNA showed the most pronounced decrease. After readministration of hormones, regrowth was accompanied by a rapid increase in precursor incorporation into RNA, while the incorporation into DNA showed a lag of 1 to 2 days. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out with soluble proteins labelled in vivo with 14C‐ and 3H‐leucine during regression and regrowth, respectively. No differences in 14C/3H ratios could be demonstrated for the major fractions detectable in the electropherogram.
Establishment of EBNA‐expressing cell lines by infection of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐genome‐negative human lymphoma cells with different EBV strains
Authors: Fresen K. O. , Hausen H. Zur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells of two EBNA (Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen)‐negative human lymphoma cell lines, BJAB and RAMOS, were infected with two strains of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). In two different experiments, B95‐8 virus‐infected BJAB cells revealed a gradually increasing number of EBNA‐positive cells. Twenty weeks after infection almost 100% of the cell population expressed this antigen. In contrast, it has not so far been possible to convert RAMOS cells into an EBNA‐positive cell line. The initial proportion of 35% EBNA‐positive cells declined to about 10% 20 weeks after infection. The development of EBNA‐positive multinuclear giant cells was a characteristic feature of infection with B95‐8 virus. EA (early antigen) and VCA (virus capsid antigen) appeared in less than 0.1% of the cell population after induction with IUdR only. Infection of BJAB and RAMOS cells with P3HR‐1 virus finally resulted in both cases in EBNA‐positive lines. In contrast to B95‐8 virus, the number of EBNA‐positive cells remained below 1% during the first 6 to 8 weeks. A sudden increase occurred thereafter, bringing the number of EBNA‐expressing cells to almost 100% within the following 4 weeks. During this period, BJAB but not RAMOS cells revealed a small number of EA‐ as well as VCA‐positive cells (<0.1%). Thus, reinfection by spontaneously released virus may explain the sudden increase in EBNA‐positive BJAB cells. Two distinct patterns of EBNA staining in P3HR‐1 virus‐infected cells were observed. They may suggest a genetic heterogeneity of this virus preparation.
Clonal transformation of human leukocytes by Epstein‐barr virus in soft agar
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe B95‐8 strain of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) induced colony formation of human umbilical cord‐blood leukocytes in soft agar medium. One‐hit response relationship between the number of colonies and the virus dose was observed with high dilutions of the virus preparation. However, there was a presumed cell‐killing effect with low dilutions of virus. The colonies were similarly induced, but with a lower efficiency, in adult peripheral blood leukocyte cultures infected with the virus. The colony‐forming activity of EBV was neutralized by anti‐EBV‐positive but not by negative human sera. The cells in colonies were capable of growing continuously and carried EBV‐associated nuclear antigen. Thus, it was evident that the colony formation was caused by clonal transformation by EBV.
Recent trends in breast‐cancer incidence and mortality in relation to changes in possible risk factors
Authors: Armstrong Bruce 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBreast cancer incidence and mortality in England and Wales and the United States increased between 1950 and 1973, mainly in women aged between 45 and 64 years. These increases appeared to be partly cohort‐specific, beginning with cohorts born around 1899, and partly cross‐sectional, beginning in the mid‐1960s. In both countries, cohort‐specific decreases in fertility paralleled the cohort‐specific increases in breast cancer rates and may, at least in part, have been reponsible for them. Changes in other factors, such as age at menarche and menopause, use of rauwolfia derivatives and oestrogens, consumption of fat and meat, and breast cancer treatment were considered in relation to the cross‐sectional increases in breast cancer rates. On the evidence available, it was not certain that any of these could explain the breast cancer increases.
Lack of correlation between Marek's disease tumor induction and expression of endogenous avian RNA tumor virus genome
Authors: Calneck B. W. , Payne L. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInfection with Marek's disease virus (MDV) and subsequent tumor development failed to induce the expression of endogenous avian RNA tumor virus genome in Line‐151 and Line‐7 chickens which lacked such expression at 1 day of age. Titers of avian leukosis virus (ALV) group‐specific (gs) antigen detected by the COFAL test and expression of chick helper factor (chf) activity remained relatively constant in birds which expressed these genome functions at hatching time. Endogenous ALV belonging to the E‐subgroup was isolated from two of 50 birds; both were controls not exposed to MDV. There was no correlation between expression of ALV genome (gs or chf) at 1 day of age and the rate of tumor development subsequent to MDV infection. It was concluded that MDV infection can induce tumors without the participation of endogenous ALV genome.
Lymphoblastic lymphoma of convoluted or acid phosphatase type‐A tumor of T precursor cells
Authors: Stein H. , Petersen N. , Lennert K. , Gaedicke G. , Landbeck G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive lymphatic neoplasms with strong focal acid phosphatase reactivity were selected from a group of acute lymphocytic leukemias and lymphoblastic lymphomas. All five cases showed an anterior mediastinal mass and exhibited identical morphology. This type of lymphoma has been described by Lukes under the term “malignant lymphoma of convoluted lymphocytes”. Analysis of surface membrane receptors revealed that the tumor cells lacked surface immunoglobulin and receptors for Fc‐fragment, but possessed receptors for complement (C3), untreated SRBC (Es) and SRBC treated with neuraminidase (E). By appliying a mixed rosette assay using nucleated chicken erythrocytes coated with antibodies and C3, and denucleated E, it was found that a considerable number of tumor cells in all five cases formed mixed rosettes, i.e. that they bore the C3 receptor characteristic of B cells and simultaneously the E receptor characteristic of T cells. Thus the tumor cells resembled immature thymocytes of 10‐15 weeks' gestation, which also show focal acid phosphatase reactivity and simultaneous expression of C3 and E receptors.
Cell‐mediated immune responsiveness of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission
Authors: Oldham Robert K. , Weiner Roy S. , Mathé Georges , Breard Jacqueline , Simmler Marie‐Christine , Carde Patrice , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChildren with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in remission and undergoing either chemotherapy or immunotherapy were tested for general cell‐mediated immunocompetence and cell‐mediated reactivity to tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) using the following parameters: skin tests with recall antigens and extracts of lymphoblastoid cell lines; primary sensitization to dinitrofluorobenzene and picryl chloride; in vitro transformation by mitogens and PPD; and lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity against a lymphoblastoid cell line and a panel of cryopreserved leukemic blasts. Reactivity in all assays of children on continuous chemotherapy was significantly depressed compared to similar patients later in the study. Patients on intermittent chemotherapy demonstrated much less immunodepression. The groups tested early during immunotherapy with BCG and allogeneic leukemic blasts were hyper‐responsive (compared to published data) to primary sensitization with picryl chloride. Skin test reactivity to recall antigens and to tumorderived lymphoblastoid cell lines was suppressed (as analyzed by serial comparison) in this hyperimmunized group, possibly due to antigenic competition, and reactivity in all other assays was normal. The patients tested after 2‐8 years of immunotherapy showed significantly higher positive skin‐test responses to extracts of tumor‐derived lymphoblastoid cell lines as compared to the other groups. The results of this multiphasic screen support the known effects of chemotherapy on immunocompetence. Moreover, they document the prompt return of immunocompetence with intermittent chemotherapy and during immmunotherapy. These results do not, however, indicate a striking augmentation of the immune response during immunotherapy as measured by these parameters.