bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Photochemistry Relevant to the Troposphere: H2O2 Production during the Photochemical Reduction of NO2 to HONO on UV‐Illuminated TiO2 Surfaces
Authors: Beaumont Simon K. , Gustafsson R. Joel , Lambert Richard M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBleached out: The detection of an oxidized co‐product, hydrogen peroxide, during an important tropospheric reaction, combined with the detection of photoaccelerated surface nitrate formation (a competing pathway), allows a likely mechanism to be proposed (see figure) which explains previously observed experimental stoichiometries.magnified image
How Does Your MOF Grow?
Authors: Morris Russell E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the most important classes of material in current chemistry. One open question is what is the mechanism of their crystal growth? In situ atomic force microscopy (see image) can be used to look at the surface of crystals as they grow, revealing a number of interesting features and giving clues to the molecular species that are important in the growth mechanism.magnified image
A novel self‐consistent Nývlt‐like equation for metastable zone width determined by the polythermal method
Authors: Sangwal K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUsing a power‐law relation between three‐dimensional nucleation rate J and dimensionless supersaturation ratio S, and the theory of regular solutions to describe the temperature dependence of solubility, a novel Nývlt‐like equation of metastable zone width of solution relating maximum supercooling ΔTmax with cooling rate R is proposed in the form: ln(ΔTmax/T0) = Φ + β lnR, with intercept Φ = {(1–m)/m }ln(ΔHs/RGTlim) + (1/m)ln(f/KT0) and slope β = 1/m. Here T0 is the initial saturation temperature of solution in a cooling experiment, ΔHs is the heat of dissolution, RG is the gas constant, Tlim is the temperature of appearance of first nuclei, m is the nucleation order, and K is a new nucleation constant connected with the factor f defined as the number of particles per unit volume. It was found that the value of the term Φ for a system at saturation temperature T0 is essentially determined by the constant m and the factor f. The value of the factor f for a solute–solvent system at initial saturation temperature T0 is determined by solute concentration c0. Analysis of the experiment data for four different solute‐water systems according to the above equation revealed that: (1) the values of Φ and m for a system at a given temperature depend on the method of detection of metstable zone width, and (2) the value of slope β = 1/m for a system is practically a temperature‐independent constant characteristic of the system, but the value of Φ increases with an increase in saturation temperature T0, following an Arrhenius‐type equation with an activation energy Esat. The results showed, among others, that solubility of a solute is an important factor that determines the value of the nucleation order m and the activation energy Esat for diffusion. In general, the lower the solubility of a solute in a given solvent, the higher is the value of m and lower is the value of Esat. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zinc‐finger paralogues tsh and tio are functionally equivalent during imaginal development in Drosophila and maintain their expression levels through auto‐ and cross‐negative feedback loops
Authors: Bessa José , Carmona Laura , Casares Fernando 
Published: December 2008

Abstractteashirt (tsh) and tiptop (tio) are two Drosophila gene paralogues encoding zinc‐finger transcription factors. While tsh is an important developmental regulator, tio null individuals are viable and fertile. Here, we show that tio and tsh have coincident expression domains in the imaginal discs, the precursors of the adult body, and that both genes show similar functional properties when expressed ectopically. Furthermore, tio is able to rescue the development of tsh mutants, indicating that both genes are functionally equivalent during imaginal development. Of interest, the transcriptional regulation of tio and tsh is linked by a negative feedback loop. This mechanism might be required to maintain a tight control on the total levels of tio/tsh and could help explaining why Drosophila keeps an apparently dispensable gene. Developmental Dynamics 238:19–28, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional dynamics of endodermal organ formation
Authors: Sherwood Richard I. , Chen Tzong‐Yang Albert , Melton Douglas A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough endodermal organs including the liver, pancreas, and intestine are of significant therapeutic interest, the mechanism by which the endoderm is divided into organ domains during embryogenesis is not well understood. To better understand this process, global gene expression profiling was performed on early endodermal organ domains. This global analysis was followed up by dynamic immunofluorescence analysis of key transcription factors, uncovering novel expression patterns as well as cell surface proteins that allow prospective isolation of specific endodermal organ domains. Additionally, a repressive interaction between Cdx2 and Sox2 was found to occur at the prospective stomach–intestine border, with the hepatic and pancreatic domains forming at this boundary, and Hlxb9 was revealed to have graded expression along the dorsal–ventral axis. These results contribute to understanding the mechanism of endodermal organogenesis and should assist efforts to replicate this process using pluripotent stem cells. Developmental Dynamics 238:29–42, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of active Notch1 in avian coronary development
Authors: Yang Ke , Doughman Yong‐Qiu , Karunamuni Ganga , Gu Shi , Yang Yu‐Chung , Bader David M. , Watanabe Michiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNotch1 is an important regulator of intercellular interactions in cardiovascular development. We show that the nuclear‐localized, cleaved and active form of Notch1, the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD), appeared in mesothelial cells of the pro‐epicardium during epicardial formation at looped heart stages. N1ICD was also present in mesothelial cells and mesenchymal cells specifically within the epicardium at sulcus regions. N1ICD‐positive endothelial cells were detected within the nascent vessel plexus at the atrioventricular junction and within the compact myocardium (Hamburger and Hamilton stage [HH] 25–HH30). The endothelial cells expressing N1ICD were surrounded by N1ICD‐positive smooth muscle cells after coronary orifice formation (HH32–HH35), while N1ICD expression was absent in the mesenchymal and mesothelial cells surrounding mature coronary vessels. We propose that differential activation of the hypoxia/HIF1‐VEGF‐Notch pathway may play a role in epicardial cell interactions that promote epicardial epithelial/mesenchymal transition and coronary progenitor cell differentiation during epicardial development and coronary vasculogenesis in particularly hypoxic sulcus regions. Developmental Dynamics 238:162–170, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The extracellular matrix protein TGFBI promotes myofibril bundling and muscle fibre growth in the zebrafish embryo
Authors: Kim H. Rosemary , Ingham Philip W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe extracellular matrix protein Tgfbi has been shown to localise to myotendinous junctions in mouse and postulated to interact with the transmembrane protein Integrin α7β1, which, in parallel with the Dystrophin‐associated protein complex, is critical for linkage between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton of muscle fibres. Here we use a GFP‐tagged form of Tgfbi to analyse its distribution in the developing skeletal muscle of the zebrafish embryos and antisense morpholino oligonucleotides to investigate the function of the endogenous protein. We find that although tagged Tgfbi accumulates at the myosepta, the attachment of muscle fibres to the myosepta is established and maintained normally in morphant embryos; however, the fibres show a marked reduction in their growth and a disruption of their myofibril bundles. Developmental Dynamics 238:56–65, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of two zebrafish nectin‐1 genes that are differentially expressed in the developing eye and brain
Authors: Helvik Jon Vidar , Rødahl Eyvind , Drivenes Øyvind , Haarr Lars 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNectins are cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin type that play important roles in the development of the nervous system. We have characterized two paralogous zebrafish nectin‐1 genes, nectin‐1a and nectin‐1b, that differ in expression. Nectin‐1a expression is first found in the anterior neural keel and later in the optic cup. In the retina, nectin‐1a appears in the outer part and extends inwards, while nectin‐1b starts in the inner part and spreads outwards. Only nectin‐1a was detected in the cornea, the lens, and in the region of photoreceptor cell differentiation in the retina. Both genes were expressed in ganglion cells and inner nuclear neurons. In the brain, nectin‐1a was restricted to the epiphysis and a cluster of cells in the posterior hindbrain, whereas nectin‐1b was found in several brain areas. Zebrafish may, therefore, be a useful model for identifying different functions of nectin‐1 in the developing eye and nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 238:43–55, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Many ribosomal protein mutations are associated with growth impairment and tumor predisposition in zebrafish
Authors: Lai Kevin , Amsterdam Adam , Farrington Sarah , Bronson Roderick T. , Hopkins Nancy , Lees Jacqueline A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe have characterized 28 zebrafish lines with heterozygous mutations in ribosomal protein (rp) genes, and found that 17 of these are prone to develop zebrafish malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (zMPNST). Heterozygotes from the vast majority of tumor‐prone rp lines were found to be growth‐impaired, though not all growth‐impaired rp lines were tumor‐prone. Significantly, however, the rp lines with the greatest incidence of zMPNSTs all displayed a growth impairment. Furthermore, heterozygous cells from one tumor‐prone rp line were out‐competed by wild‐type cells in chimeric embryos. The growth impairment resulting from heterozygosity for many rp genes suggests that a global defect in protein translation exists in these lines, raising the possibility that a translation defect that precedes tumor development is predictive of tumorigenesis. Developmental Dynamics 238:76–85, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and expression analysis of the anterior parahox genes, Gsh1 and Gsh2 from Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Illes Jean C. , Winterbottom Emily , Isaacs Harry V. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGsx class proteins are members of the ParaHox homeodomain transcription factor family with conserved roles in specification and patterning of the nervous system. We report the cloning of two Gsx genes, Gsh1 and Gsh2, from the frog Xenopus tropicalis. We demonstrate the existence of a single, intact Xenopus ParaHox cluster, containing Gsh1, Pdx, and Cdx2, plus three degenerate clusters containing Gsh2, Cdx1, and Cdx4. Anterior expression boundaries of genes from the intact ParaHox cluster are co‐linear with respect to their genomic organization. We show that Gsh1 and Gsh2 exhibit complex, overlapping patterns of expression within the anterior nervous system from open neural plate stages. We also find that expression of Gsh2, Nkx6, and Msx1 across the medio‐lateral axis of the amphibian neural plate is strikingly similar to that of related genes in the Drosophila neuroectoderm. These findings provide further evidence for a conserved pathway regulating dorso‐ventral patterning in the Bilateria. Developmental Dynamics 238:194–203, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The unfulfilled/DHR51 gene of Drosophila melanogaster modulates wing expansion and fertility
Authors: Sung Carl , Wong Laura E. , Chang Sen Lauren Q. , Nguyen Elizabeth , Lazaga Nelson , Ganzer Gavin , McNabb Susan L. , Robinow Steven 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis is the first functional analysis in Drosophila of unfulfilled (unf; DHR51), the NR2E3 nuclear receptor superfamily ortholog of C. elegans fax‐1 and human PNR. Both fax‐1 and PNR mutations disrupt developmental events in a limited number of neurons, resulting in behavioral or sensory deficits. An analysis of two independent unf alleles revealed that unf mutants are characterized by one of two phenotypes. A proportion of the mutants eclosed but failed to expand their wings and were poorly coordinated. The remainder completed wing expansion but displayed severely compromised fertility. Consistent with the restricted neural expression of fax‐1 and PNR, unf expression was detected in situ only in mushroom body neurons and a small number of other cells of the central nervous system (CNS). These data support the hypothesis that the wing expansion failure and the compromised fertility of unf mutants are the result of underlying neural defects. Developmental Dynamics 238:171–182, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RNA profiling of FAC‐sorted neurons from the developing zebrafish spinal cord
Authors: Cerda Gustavo A. , Hargrave Murray , Lewis Katharine E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this report, we describe a successful protocol for isolating and expression‐profiling live fluorescent‐protein‐labelled neurons from zebrafish embryos. As a proof‐of‐principle for this method, we FAC‐sorted and RNA‐profiled GFP‐labelled spinal CiA interneurons and compared the expression profile of these cells to those of post‐mitotic spinal neurons in general and to all trunk cells. We show that RNA of sufficient quality and quantity to uncover both expected and novel transcription profiles via Affymetrix microarray analysis can be extracted from 5,700 to 20,000 FAC‐sorted cells. As part of this study, we also further confirm the genetic homology of mammalian and zebrafish V1 interneurons, by demonstrating that zebrafish V1 cells (CiAs) express genes that encode for the transcription factors Lhx1a and Lhx5. This protocol for dissociating, sorting and RNA‐profiling neurons from organogenesis‐stage zebrafish embryos should also be applicable to other developing organs and tissues and potentially other model organisms. Developmental Dynamics 238:150–161, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Podoplanin deficient mice show a rhoa‐related hypoplasia of the sinus venosus myocardium including the sinoatrial node
Authors: Mahtab Edris A.F. , Vicente‐Steijn Rebecca , Hahurij Nathan D. , Jongbloed Monique R.M. , Wisse Lambertus J. , DeRuiter Marco C. , Uhrin Pavel , Zaujec Jan , Binder Bernd R. , Schalij Martin J. , Poelmann Robert E. , Gittenberger‐De Groot Adriana C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigated the role of podoplanin in development of the sinus venosus myocardium comprising the sinoatrial node, dorsal atrial wall, and primary atrial septum as well as the myocardium of the cardinal and pulmonary veins. We analyzed podoplanin wild‐type and knockout mouse embryos between embryonic day 9.5–15.5 using immunohistochemical marker podoplanin; sinoatrial‐node marker HCN4; myocardial markers MLC‐2a, Nkx2.5, as well as Cx43; coelomic marker WT‐1; and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transformation markers E‐cadherin and RhoA. Three‐dimensional reconstructions were made and myocardial morphometry was performed. Podoplanin mutants showed hypoplasia of the sinoatrial node, primary atrial septum, and dorsal atrial wall. Myocardium lining the wall of the cardinal and pulmonary veins was thin and perforated. Impaired myocardial formation is correlated with abnormal epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transformation of the coelomic epithelium due to up‐regulated E‐cadherin and down‐regulated RhoA, which are controlled by podoplanin. Our results demonstrate an important role for podoplanin in development of sinus venosus myocardium. Developmental Dynamics 238:183–193, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short limbs, cleft palate, and delayed formation of flat proliferative chondrocytes in mice with targeted disruption of a putative protein kinase gene, Pkdcc (AW548124)
Authors: Imuta Yu , Nishioka Noriyuki , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Sasaki Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDuring long bone development, round proliferative chondrocytes (RPCs) differentiate into flat proliferative chondrocytes (FPCs), and then into hypertrophic chondrocytes (HCs). FPCs and HCs support longitudinal bone growth. Here we show that a putative protein kinase gene, Pkdcc (AW548124), is required for longitudinal bone growth. We originally found Pkdcc expressed in the head organizer, but it is also expressed throughout embryogenesis and in various adult tissues. Pkdcc−/− embryos had no head organizer‐related defects, but showed various morphological abnormalities at birth, including short limbs, cleft palate, sternal dysraphia, and shortened intestine. In the long bones of the limbs, only the mineralized regions were shortened, and the cartilage length was normal. In the humerus, Pkdcc was strongly expressed in the early FPCs, and FPC and HC formation was delayed in Pkdcc−/− mutants. Together, these data indicate that Pkdcc encodes a protein kinase that is required for the appropriate timing of FPC differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 238:210–222, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nasal embryonic LHRH factor plays a role in the developmental migration and projection of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone 3 neurons in zebrafish
Authors: Palevitch Ori , Abraham Eytan , Borodovsky Natalya , Levkowitz Gil , Zohar Yonathan , Gothilf Yoav 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe initiation of puberty and the functioning of the reproductive system depend on proper development of the hypophysiotropic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) system. One critical step in this process is the embryonic migration of GnRH neurons from the olfactory area to the hypothalamus. Using a transgenic zebrafish model, Tg(gnrh3:EGFP), in which GnRH3 neurons and axons are fluorescently labeled, we investigated whether zebrafish NELF is essential for the development of GnRH3 neurons. The zebrafish nelf cDNA was cloned and characterized. During embryonic development, nelf is expressed in GnRH3 neurons and in target sites of GnRH3 projections and perikarya, before the initiation of their migration. Nelf knockdown resulted in a disruption of the GnRH3 system which included absence or misguiding of GnRH3 axonal outgrowth and incorrect or arrested migration of GnRH3 perikarya. These results suggest that Nelf is an important factor in the developmental migration and projection of GnRH3 neurons in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 238:66–75, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Samba, a Xenopus hnRNP expressed in neural and neural crest tissues
Authors: Yan Chao Yun Irene , Skourides Paris , Chang Chenbei , Brivanlou Ali 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRNA binding proteins regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and play important roles in embryonic development. Here, we report the cloning and expression of Samba, a Xenopus hnRNP that is maternally expressed and persists at least until tail bud stages. During gastrula stages, Samba is enriched in the dorsal regions. Subsequently, its expression is elevated only in neural and neural crest tissues. In the latter, Samba expression overlaps with that of Slug in migratory neural crest cells. Thereafter, Samba is maintained in the neural crest derivatives, as well as other neural tissues, including the anterior and posterior neural tube and the eyes. Overexpression of Samba in the animal pole leads to defects in neural crest migration and cranial cartilage development. Thus, Samba encodes a Xenopus hnRNP that is expressed early in neural and neural crest derivatives and may regulate crest cells migratory behavior. Developmental Dynamics 238:204–209, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sdmg1 is a component of secretory granules in mouse secretory exocrine tissues
Authors: Best Diana , Adams Ian R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSdmg1 is a conserved eukaryotic transmembrane protein that is mainly expressed in the gonads where it may have a role in mediating signaling between somatic cells and germ cells. In this study we demonstrate that secretory exocrine cells in the pancreas, salivary gland, and mammary gland also express Sdmg1. Furthermore, we show that Sdmg1 expression is up‐regulated during pancreas development when regulated secretory granules start to appear, and that Sdmg1 colocalizes with secretory granule markers in adult pancreatic acinar cells. In addition, we show that Sdmg1 co‐purifies with secretory granules during subcellular fractionation of the pancreas and that Sdmg1 and the secretory granule marker Vamp2 are localized to distinct subdomains in the secretory granule membrane. These data suggest that Sdmg1 is a component of regulated secretory granules in exocrine secretory cells and that the developmental regulation of Sdmg1 expression is related to a role for Sdmg1 in post‐Golgi membrane trafficking. Developmental Dynamics 238:223–231, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscular dystrophy candidate gene FRG1 is critical for muscle development
Authors: Hanel Meredith L. , Wuebbles Ryan D. , Jones Peter L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe leading candidate gene responsible for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is FRG1 (FSHD region gene 1). However, the correlation of altered FRG1 expression levels with disease pathology has remained controversial and the precise function of FRG1 is unknown. Here, we carried out a detailed analysis of the normal expression patterns and effects of FRG1 misexpression during vertebrate embryonic development using Xenopus laevis. We show that frg1 is expressed in and essential for the development of the tadpole musculature. FRG1 morpholino injection disrupted myotome organization and led to inhibited myotome growth, while elevated FRG1 led to abnormal epaxial and hypaxial muscle formation. Thus, maintenance of normal FRG1 levels is critical for proper muscle development, supportive of FSHD disease models whereby misregulation of FRG1 plays a causal role underlying the pathology exhibited in FSHD patients. Developmental Dynamics 238:1502–1512, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibroblast growth factor 9 signaling inhibits airway smooth muscle differentiation in mouse lung
Authors: Yi Lan , Domyan Eric T. , Lewandoski Mark , Sun Xin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn mammalian lungs, airway smooth muscle cells (airway SMCs) are present in the proximal lung adjacent to bronchi and bronchioles, but are absent in the distal lung adjacent to terminal sacs that expand during gas exchange. Evidence suggests that this distribution is essential for the formation of a functional respiratory tree, but the underlying genetic mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we test the hypothesis that fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) signaling is essential to restrict SMC differentiation to the proximal lung. We show that loss of Fgf9 or conditional inactivation of Fgf receptors (Fgfr) 1 and 2 in mouse lung mesenchyme results in ectopic SMCs. Our data support a model where FGF9 maintains a SMC progenitor population by suppressing differentiation and promoting growth. This model also represents our findings on the genetic relationship between FGF9 and sonic hedgehog (SHH) in the establishment of airway SMC pattern. Developmental Dynamics 238:123–137, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.