bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic relationship of Torque Teno virus (TTV) between humans and camels in United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Authors: Al‐Moslih Moslih I. , Perkins Heather , Hu Yu‐Wen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTorque Teno Virus (TTV) species‐cross infection has been documented. However, the genetic relationship between human and animal TTV remains uncertain. In this study, genotypic characterization of TTV in different Camel specimens from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was undertaken for comparison with human UAE TTV. A total of 56 specimens: 34 sera, 14 raw, and 8 pasteurized milk samples were tested for TTV. The results showed that the rate of infection was, 38.2% (13/34), 35.7% (5/14), and 100% (8/8), for the samples of sera, raw, and pasteurized milk respectively. The 5′untranslated region (5′UTR) of 23 clones that were generated from PCR products amplified from Camel samples (three sera, three raw, and two pasteurized milk samples) were subjected to sequence analysis. The camel TTV clones were classified as genotype 11 (47.8%), group 5 (43.5%), and SENV‐H or genotype 16 (8.7%) which are among the predominant genotypes found in humans in the UAE. Phylogenetic analysis of representative sequences revealed that the similarity between isolates from camels and humans is 92%–97% for the same genotypes. The data lead to the conclusion that camels and humans share a common source of TTV infection in the UAE. J. Med. Virol. 79:188–191, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local alendronate increases fixation of implants inserted with bone compaction: 12‐week canine study
Authors: Jakobsen Thomas , Kold Søren , Bechtold Joan. E. , Elmengaard Brian , Søballe Kjeld 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBone compaction has been shown to increase initial implant fixation. Furthermore, bone compaction creates a peri‐implant zone of autograft that exerts osteoconductive properties. We have previously shown that locally applied bisphosphonate (alendronate) at 4‐week observation can preserve the autograft generated by bone compaction. We now investigate whether the increased amount of autograft, seen at 4 weeks, can increase implant osseointegration and biomechanical fixation. Porous‐coated titanium implants were bilaterally inserted with bone compaction into the proximal part of tibia of 10 dogs. On the right side, local bisphosphonate was injected into the bone cavity prior to bone compaction immediately prior to implant insertion. On the left side, saline was used as control. Observation period was 12 weeks. Locally applied bisphosphonate significantly increased biomechanical implant fixation (approximately twofold), bone‐to‐implant contact (1.2‐fold), and peri‐implant bone volume fraction (2.3‐fold). This study indicates that local alendronate treatment can increase early implant osseointegration and biomechanical fixation of implants inserted by use of bone compaction. Long term effects remain unknown. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:432–441, 2007
Transformation of antimicrobial into bradykinin‐potentiating peptides during peptic hydrolysis of bovine haemoglobin: identification, release kinetics and reaction network of peptides
Authors: Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe precursor cleavage of the antimicrobial peptide α107–136 into the bradykinin‐potentiating peptide α110–125 during peptic hydrolysis of bovine haemoglobin was investigated by reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The optimal conditions for the preparation of α107–136 and α110–125 were found to be low and high degrees of hydrolysis respectively. A total of six peptides were identified as being involved in the cleavage process. Moreover, the reaction network of these peptides was developed according to the sequence alignment and their release kinetics. The affinity of pepsin towards different peptide bonds of bovine haemoglobin was also compared based on data from the release kinetics of peptides. In addition, some potentially bioactive peptides were predicted by means of sequence analysis and secondary structure calculations. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of slow‐release nitrogen yield from organic soil amendments and chemical fertilizers and implications for regeneration of disturbed sites
Authors: Claassen V. P. , Carey J. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSoil amendments are commonly used to regenerate nutrient levels on disturbed construction sites or mined lands prior to revegetation. Management of nitrogen (N) inputs to the degraded substrates is difficult because the low level of ambient fertility on disturbed substrates requires large total N inputs to sustain revegetative growth, but it also requires low N bioavailability in order to avoid weedy invasion and eutrophication of local watersheds. Commonly available soil amendment materials have a wide variety of N contents and release rates, making specification of appropriate N amendments difficult. We compared N release rates of a variety of organic‐based soil amendments and chemical fertilizers in long‐term aerobic incubation chambers in the lab and at a field revegetation site. The N release rate from these amendments fell into four general groups: (1) rapid N release from soluble chemical fertilizer formulations, (2) longer, controlled N release from chemical‐based, slow‐release formulations, and a two‐phase release pattern (rapid initial phase, slower second phase) from (3) organic‐based blends, as well as (4) unsupplemented municipal yard‐waste composts. The release rates from organic‐based amendments were about three times faster in the 30°C laboratory incubations than in the cool, moist winter growing season at a field site in the Central Valley of California. Relative rates of N release can be compared between amendment materials to help guide selection of N amendments, according to the plant‐growth goals of the revegetation project. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An examination of factors impacting athlete alumni donations to their alma mater: a case study of a U.S. university
Authors: O'Neil Julie , Schenke Marisa 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIt has been suggested that athlete alumni do not give as generously as they could to their alma maters. Athlete alumni may feel they have given enough to their schools by playing sports, and they may feel greater loyalty to their former sports teams than their alma maters. Drawing on social exchange theory, this study investigated whether such attitudes among athlete alumni at a U.S. university were related to lifetime donations. Results indicate:the quality of alumni's athletic experience and the perception that they have already given to their school by playing sports are predictive of giving amount.similar to the general alumni donor, the variables of age, income, and geography were also found to be related to giving level.Universities and colleges may need to develop specialized marketing communications programs to mitigate athlete alumni's perceptions of not needing to donate because they competed for their school. Implications for universities and other nonprofit organizations are offered.Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABCD position paper on insulin pumps
Authors: Hammond P , Boardman S , Greenwood R 
Published: December 2006

AbstractInsulin pump therapy is likely to be the most physiological form of subcutaneous insulin administration and has been shown to be of benefit particularly for type 1 diabetic patients who are unable to achieve good control of diabetes without suffering recurrent hypoglycaemic attacks. Whilst the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) estimated that such therapy should be made available to about 1% of type 1 patients (based mainly on studies done with older pumps and older insulins), experience from mainland Europe, Israel and USA suggests that 10–20% of patients are likely to benefit. Current NICE criteria also make it very difficult for children to qualify for such therapy, as they are unlikely to have tried MDI (multiple‐dose insulin therapy) to justify moving to pump therapy.The economic impact of the improved quality of life from pump therapy has also not been adequately considered, as some patients are able to return to work, or take fewer days off sick, and children may miss less time at school. There is now substantial new evidence which indicates that the availability of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) should be extended to a much broader group of those with type 1 diabetes than currently fulfil the NICE criteria. Furthermore, there are a number of specific indications for pump therapy where patient numbers are so small that there will never be clinical trial evidence to support the indication, but this should not preclude use of pump therapy in such circumstances where conventional treatments have failed.This paper summarises the latest evidence regarding the benefits of CSII over MDI and gives recommendations as to the place of CSII in therapy and the service implications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons.
Fabrication of polyethylene/graphite nanocomposite from modified expanded graphite
Authors: She Yinhui , Chen Guohua , Wu Dajun 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel process was employed to fabricate a polymer/expanded graphite nanocomposite by modifying the conducting filler expanded graphite (EG) with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). The modified expanded graphite (MEG) was prepared from EG in which the graphite nanosheets, already present in EG, were wrapped and isolated by the UPR during processing. The as‐prepared MEG was reduced to powder form to improve its dispersion in the matrix. MEG powders were embedded into a high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix via melt‐extrusion in a single‐screw extruder to prepare the conducting composite. The as‐prepared HDPE/EG conducting composite exhibited a low percolation threshold of ∼5.7 wt% due to the high aspect ratio of graphite nanosheets. Mechanical properties such as the tensile and impact strength were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructure of EG, MEG powder and the resulting nanocomposites. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Fe3+ immobilized metal affinity chromatography with silica monolithic capillary column for phosphoproteome analysis
Authors: Feng Shun , Pan Chensong , Jiang Xiaogang , Xu Songyu , Zhou Houjiang , Ye Mingliang , Zou Hanfa 
Published: December 2006

AbstractImmobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is a commonly used technique for phosphoproteome analysis due to its high affinity for adsorption of phosphopeptides. Miniaturization of IMAC column is essential for the analysis of a small amount of sample. Nanoscale IMAC column was prepared by chemical modification of silica monolith with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) followed by the immobilization of Fe3+ ion inside the capillary. It was demonstrated that Fe3+‐IDA silica monolithic IMAC capillary column could specifically capture the phosphopeptides from tryptic digest of α‐casein with analysis by MALDI‐TOF MS. The silica monolithic IMAC capillary column was manually coupled with nanoflow RPLC/nanospray ESI mass spectrometer (μRPLC–nanoESI MS) for phosphoproteome analysis. The system was validated by analysis of standard phosphoproteins and then it was applied to the analysis of protein phosphorylation in mouse liver lysate. Besides MS/MS spectra, MS/MS/MS spectra were also collected for neutral loss peak. After database search and manual validation with conservative criteria, 29 singly phosphorylated peptides were identified by analyzing a tryptic digest of only 12 μg mouse liver lysate. The results demonstrated that the silica monolithic IMAC capillary column coupled with μRPLC‐nanoESI MS was very suitable for the phosphoproteome analysis of minute sample.
Payne effect in silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber: Influence of surface treatment
Authors: Ramier J. , Gauthier C. , Chazeau L. , Stelandre L. , Guy L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe nonlinear effect at small strains (Payne effect) has been investigated in the case of silica‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber. The originality of this study lies in the careful preparation of samples in order to fix all parameters except one, that is, the modification of the silica surface by grafting silane (introduced at different concentrations) via reactive mixing. The organosilane can be either a coupling or a covering surface treatment with an octyl alkyl chain. A careful morphological investigation has been performed prior to mechanical characterization and silica dispersion was found to be the same whatever the type and the amount of silane. The increasing amount of covering agents was found to reduce the amplitude of the Payne effect. A similar decrease is observed for low coupling agent concentration. At higher concentrations, the evolution turns through an increase due to the contribution of the covalent bonds between the matrix and the silica acting as additional crosslinking. The discussion of the initial modulus was done in the frame of both the filler–filler and filler–polymer models. It is unfortunately not possible to distinguish both scenarios, because filler–filler and filler–matrix interactions are modified in the same manner by the grafting covering agent. On the other hand, the reversible decrease of the modulus versus strain (Payne effect) is interpreted in terms of debonding of the polymeric chains from the filler surface. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 286–298, 2007
Effect of the microstructure on the dye diffusion and mechanical properties of polyamide‐6 fibers
Authors: Vasanthan N. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe morphology, mechanical properties, and dye diffusion of drawn and heat‐set polyamide‐6 (PA6) yarns were examined. Correlations between the microstructure of PA6 yarns and the dye diffusion coefficients and mechanical properties were established. The crystallinity of PA6 yarns was estimated with density and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. A decrease in the γ crystallinity and an increase in the γ‐crystallite size with the draw ratio were observed and attributed to the disappearance of small crystallites and an increase in the average γ‐crystallite size population during the deformation process. The scouring treatment increased the total crystallinity, almost entirely as a result of an increase in the α fraction. Thermally induced crystallization involved increases in both crystalline phases (α and γ) and did not involve crystal‐to‐crystal transformation, whereas drawing PA6 yarns involved both crystallization of the amorphous phase in the α form and γ→α transformation. A sharp decrease in the diffusion coefficient with an increasing draw ratio of PA6 yarns was correlated with an increasing amorphous orientation. The influence of thermally induced crystallinity on the diffusion coefficient seemed exceptionally strong. The mechanical properties of PA6 yarns were examined and correlated with structural changes. It was demonstrated that the crystallinity had a direct correlation with the terminal modulus and extension at break, whereas there was no correlation with the initial modulus. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 349–357, 2007
The development and evaluation of a measure to assess cancer survivors' unmet supportive care needs: the CaSUN (Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs measure)
Authors: Hodgkinson K. , Butow P. , Hunt G. E. , Pendlebury S. , Hobbs K. M. , Lo S. K. , Wain G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground: Many cancer survivors experience ongoing morbidity over the survivorship continuum and their supportive care needs have yet to be comprehensively assessed.Methods: This study aimed to develop and empirically evaluate a self‐report measure of cancer survivors' supportive care needs. In Phase I, questionnaire items were generated based upon previous qualitative research that identified both unique and shared needs in survivors and their partners; items were constructed into the Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs measure (CaSUN). In Phase 2, the CaSUN was completed by 353 cancer survivors who had been diagnosed with cancer between 1 and 15 years earlier and were currently disease‐free.Results: After modification, the CaSUN included 35 unmet need items, 6 positive change items and an open‐ended question. Good acceptability, internal consistency and validity were demonstrated, although test–retest reliability was low. Maximum likelihood factor analysis identified five discrete factors: Existential Survivorship, Comprehensive Care, Information, Quality of Life and Relationships.Conclusions: Preliminary data indicates that the CaSUN meets the majority of psychometric criteria for assessment measures, although its low test–retest reliability awaits further investigation. The CaSUN will facilitate the evaluation of supportive care services and generation of service delivery recommendations for cancer survivors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What can the age composition of a population tell us about the age composition of its out‐migrants?
Authors: Little Jani S. , Rogers Andrei 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPreliminary findings show that the age structure of a population can provide valuable information about the age composition of its out‐migrants, and that this relationship can become a key ingredient in the proposed new method for estimating the age profile of out‐migrants when accurate data are not available. The method relies on the Rogers‐Castro model schedule to consistently and accurately represent age profiles of out‐migration, and the results show that variation among these out‐migration schedules can be captured by a typology based on a small set of clusters, or families of schedules. Membership of the clusters is then predicted from simple measures of population composition using discriminant function analysis. The investigation is based on data for US states, CMSAs, MSAs and non‐metropolitan counties, and their outflows of migrants between 1995 and 2000. The measures of population age composition come from official 1995 intercensal age‐specific population estimates for the same geographical units. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Low’ fertility and population replacement in Scotland
Authors: MacInnes John , Díaz Julio Pérez 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIt has been argued that Scotland faces population ageing and decline that will have potentially serious economic and social consequences, and that the origin of these processes lie in its low and declining fertility rates. After considering alternatives to the total period rate measure of fertility, empirical evidence and theoretical argument about low fertility and its consequences is briefly reviewed. The paper argues that low fertility in general may not be the problem it is often purported to be, that Scotland has relatively high fertility, and that pro‐natalist policies are neither desirable nor necessary. It suggests that low fertility and population ageing may be viewed as positive developments, and that within Europe, Scotland is distinguished more by its excess of early deaths than by any shortage of births. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab‐initio modeling of spintronic materials
Authors: Sanyal Biplab , Eriksson Olle 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHalf‐metallic ferromagnets with high Curie temperatures are important ingredients for spintronics applications. These include diluted magnetic semiconductors and other ordered ferromagnetic compounds. In this paper, we present ab‐initio density functional electronic structure calculations of several spintronic materials addressing issues on the nature of exchange interactions, electron correlation effects, influence of defects, effects of disorder and volume dependence of exchange interactions. The calculations are done by two different methods, (i) plane wave projector augmented wave and (ii) Green function based Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker‐Coherent Potential Approximation (KKR‐CPA). We also present calculations of Curie temperatures using Monte‐Carlo simulations with effective Heisenberg Hamiltonian within the framework of ab‐initio methods. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Cr doping on HgTe properties
Authors: Asotski Valeriy V. , Lashkarev George V. , Radchenko Mykhailo V. , Frasunyak Vasiliy M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractElectrical and magnetic investigations of HgTe doped by Cr are presented. The low temperature features of Hall coefficient magnetoresistance, thermoelectric power and magnetic susceptibility were revealed. They point out to the creation of an impurity level by the Cr dopant and to the behavior of Cr2+(d4) as Van–Vleck ion. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MBE growth of MgGeAs2:Mn on GaAs substrate
Authors: Li Z. , Bender H. , Malfait M. , Moshchalkov V. V. , Borghs G. , Roy W. Van 
Published: December 2006

AbstractManganese doped II–IV–V2 chalcopyrites are promising candidates for room temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors. In this category, we report a new material MgGeAs2:Mn for MBE growth on GaAs substrates. Firstly, we investigated the growth of MgGeAs2 on GaAs (001) and (111)B. Stoichiometric growth conditions were established with assistance of XPS measurements. On GaAs (001), RHEED, XRD and TEM revealed phase separation with the formation of Mg3As2 and columnar grains with composition modulation. On GaAs(111)B, we obtained single crystalline films of 35 nm with a smooth surface at an optimized growth temperature of 560 °C and a beam equivalent pressure ratio Mg:Ge:As = 1:3.1:800. The lattice constant of the chalcopyrite phase is nearly matched to GaAs for both (001) and (111)B growth, in contrast to the theoretical prediction of a 6.1% mismatch. With flux variations of ±10%, Hall measurements at room temperature showed n‐type conduction (n = 4 × 1017 ∼ 3 × 1018 cm–3) in germanium rich samples and p‐type conduction (p = 8 × 1018 ∼ 2 × 1019 cm–3) in magnesium rich samples.Two ways of manganese incorporation were tried on (111)B grown MgGeAs2: (1) in‐situ solid state reaction by annealing a manganese layer deposited on top of MgGeAs2 and (2) co‐evaporation of manganese during the host material growth. Using method (2), manganese was incorporated by replacing 20% of magnesium without structural change. RHEED and XRD did not reveal the existence of additional phases. However, the preliminary magnetization and transport measurement didn't reveal a ferromagnetic signal in these samples. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)