bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews
Authors: Ezell Helen K. , Buysse Virginia 
Published: December 2008

Warren, S.F. Reichle, J. (Eds.). (1992). Causes and effects in communication and language intervention. Baltimore, MD: Brookes, 375 pp., $42.00. Allen, K.E. (1992). The Exceptional Child: Mainstreaming in early childhood education (2nd ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers. 402 pp., $27.95.
Histories of Special Education
Authors: SMITH J. DAVID 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT The history of special education is a collection of the memories and stories that serve as a foundation for the field. Historical research sometimes reveals previously overlooked insights. It is also an opportunity for understanding aspects of people and events that have previously been overlooked. Historical research may also help to bring a new or different focus to contemporary issues and challenges in the field of special education. Most important, however, historical scholarship is a commitment to seeking the “truest” story among the facts that have been recorded and transmitted in the discipline.
SOX9 Directly Binds CREB as a Novel Synergism With the PKA Pathway in BMP-2–Induced Osteochondrogenic Differentiation
Authors: Zhao Li , Li Gang , Zhou Guang-Qian 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
SOX9 acts as a master transcription factor in osteochondrogenesis, and the phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) has been shown to increase its DNA binding and transactivation activity. The PKA pathway is involved in the complex downstream signaling underlying the BMP-2–mediated osteochondrogenesis. This study therefore aimed at further analyzing the possible cross-talk between the SOX9 and the PKA regulation on the background of BMP-2 stimulation. It was first shown that the removal of the residues serine 64 and 211 of SOX9 diminished, but did not completely deplete, its stimulatory effect on the expression of both osteo- and chondrogenic markers. PKA activators and inhibitors increased and decreased the action of wildtype and mutated SOX9, respectively. Interestingly, the interplay of the SOX9 action with the PKA pathway was further shown to occur through direct physical association between SOX9 and CREB, a prototypical PKA downstream transcription factor. Moreover, the binding was shown to be an active biological event happening on BMP-2 stimulation. The C-terminal domain of SOX9 and amino acid residue serine at position 133 of CREB were identified to be involved in the interaction. The action of SOX9 was enhanced by overexpressing CREB. These results suggest that PKA signaling synergizes with SOX9 at the nuclear and cytoplasmic levels to promote BMP-2–induced osteochondrogenic differentiation.
BMD in Population-Based Adult Women Is Associated With Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Brennan Sharon L , Henry Margaret J , Wluka Anita E , Nicholson Geoffrey C , Kotowicz Mark A , Williams Joanne W , Pasco Julie A 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
With few exceptions, an inverse relationship exists between social disadvantage and disease. However, there are conflicting data for the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and BMD. The aim of this study was to assess the association between SES and lifestyle exposures in relation to BMD. In a cross-sectional study conducted using 1494 randomly selected population-based adult women, we assessed the association between SES and lifestyle exposures in relation to BMD. BMD was measured at multiple anatomical sites by DXA. SES was determined by cross-referencing residential addresses with Australian Bureau of Statistics 1996 census data for the study region and categorized in quintiles. Lifestyle variables were collected by self-report. Regression models used to assess the relationship between SES and BMD were adjusted for age, height, weight, dietary calcium, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hormone therapy, and calcium/vitamin D supplements. Unadjusted BMD differed across SES quintiles (p &lt; 0.05). At each skeletal site and SES index, a consistent peak in adjusted BMD was observed in the mid-quintiles. Differences in adjusted BMD were observed between SES quintiles 1 and 4 (3–7%) and between quintiles 5 and 4 (2–7%). At the spine, the maximum difference was observed (7.5%). In a subset of women, serum 25(OH)D explained a proportion of the association between SES and BMD (difference remained up to 4.2%). Observed differences in BMD across SES quintiles, consistent across both SES indices, suggest that low BMD may be evident for both the most disadvantaged and most advantaged.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Genes Related to Kidney Stone Formation and Elimination in the Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis Model Mouse: Detection of Stone-Preventive Factors and Involvement of Macrophage Activity
Authors: Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro , Hamamoto Shuzo , Hirose Masahito , Kubota Yasue , Itoh Yasunori , Tozawa Keiichi , Hayashi Yutaro , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
We previously established a mouse kidney stone formation model and showed that mice have a higher tolerance to stone formation than rats. Furthermore, we showed that the generated calcium oxalate crystal deposits could be eliminated after several days. This study investigated the transcriptome of stone formation and elimination in the mouse kidney based on gene selection using a microarray technique. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were administered 80 mg/kg glyoxylate for 15 days, and kidney calcium oxalate crystal depositions had increased by day 6; thereafter, depositions decreased gradually and had almost disappeared by day 15. On microarray analysis, mRNA expression in the crystal-formed kidneys showed the significant expression of 18,064 genes. Thirty-one, 21, and 25 genes showed at least a 2-fold increased expression during the experimental course (days 3–15), stone formation phase-specific (days 3–6), and stone elimination phase-specific (days 9–15) stages, respectively. Among these genes, those related to chemotaxis and monocyte/macrophage activation were identified. Gene ontology analysis to identify overexpressed genes highlighted categories related to inflammation, immune reactions and the complement activation pathway. Quantitative PCR of 17 previously reported stone-related genes with a significant expression on microarray analysis showed significantly increased chemokines, stone matrix proteins, and their receptors; the significant decrease of several types of transporters and superoxide dismutase; and the persistently high expression of Tamm-Horsfall protein throughout the experiment. In conclusion, inflammation and immune reactivity through macrophage migration are involved in stone formation and elimination in mouse kidneys.
Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femur Fractures in Patients Treated With Alendronate: A Register-Based National Cohort Study
Authors: Abrahamsen Bo , Eiken Pia , Eastell Richard 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Alendronate (aln) is a potent bisphosphonate with a prolonged duration of action. Recent reports have found long-term aln use to be common in patients with subtrochanteric or proximal diaphyseal femur fracture, raising concerns that these fractures could be a consequence of excessive suppression of bone turnover. Two national observational register-based studies were performed: (1) cross-sectional study (N = 11,944) comparing age distribution, exposure, and trauma mechanisms between different types of proximal femur fractures and (2) matched cohort study in patients with prior nonhip fractures (N = 5187 + 10,374), testing the hypothesis that the increase in the risk of subsequent atypical femur fractures exceeded the increase in typical hip fractures. We also sought evidence of a dose-response relationship, where high adherence to or long-term use of aln led to more atypical femur fractures. We found that 7% of patients with atypical fractures were aln exposed, and the same was found for typical hip fractures. In the cohort study, the HR for subtrochanteric/diaphyseal fracture with aln was 1.46 (0.91–2.35, p = 0·12) compared with 1.45 (1.21–1.74, p &lt; 0·001) for hip fracture after adjustment for comorbidity and co-medications. The risk was reduced by high adherence, and the ratio between hip and subtrochanteric/diaphyseal femur fractures was identical in aln-treated patients and the control cohort even in the limited number of patients who received long-term treatment. Subtrochanteric/diaphyseal femur fractures share the epidemiology and treatment response of classical hip fractures and are best classified as osteoporotic fractures.
Localization of the Cis-Enhancer Element for Mouse Type X Collagen Expression in Hypertrophic Chondrocytes In Vivo
Authors: Zheng Qiping , Keller Bettina , Zhou Guang , Napierala Dobrawa , Chen Yuqing , Zabel Bernhard , Parker Andrew E , Lee Brendan 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The type X collagen gene (Col10a1) is a specific molecular marker of hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral bone formation. Mutations in human COL10A1 and altered chondrocyte hypertrophy have been associated with multiple skeletal disorders. However, until recently, the cis-enhancer element that specifies Col10a1 expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes in vivo has remained unidentified. Previously, we and others have shown that the Col10a1 distal promoter (−4.4 to −3.8 kb) may harbor a critical enhancer that mediates its tissue specificity in transgenic mice studies. Here, we report further localization of the cis-enhancer element within this Col10a1 distal promoter by using a similar transgenic mouse approach. We identify a 150-bp Col10a1 promoter element (−4296 to −4147 bp) that is sufficient to direct its tissue-specific expression in vivo. In silico analysis identified several putative transcription factor binding sites including two potential activator protein-1 (AP-1) sites within its 5′- and 3′-ends (−4276 to −4243 and −4166 to −4152 bp), respectively. Interestingly, transgenic mice using a reporter construct deleted for these two AP-1 elements still showed tissue-specific reporter activity. EMSAs using oligonucleotide probes derived from this region and MCT cell nuclear extracts identified DNA/protein complexes that were enriched from cells stimulated to hypertrophy. Moreover, these elements mediated increased reporter activity on transfection into MCT cells. These data define a 90-bp cis-enhancer required for tissue-specific Col10a1 expression in vivo and putative DNA/protein complexes that contribute to the regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy. This work will enable us to identify candidate transcription factors essential both for skeletal development and for the pathogenesis of skeletal disorders.
Bone Structure at the Distal Radius During Adolescent Growth
Authors: Kirmani Salman , Christen David , van Lenthe G Harry , Fischer Philip R , Bouxsein Mary L , McCready Louise K , Melton L Joseph , Riggs B Lawrence , Amin Shreyasee , Müller Ralph , Khosla Sundeep 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The incidence of distal forearm fractures peaks during the adolescent growth spurt, but the structural basis for this is unclear. Thus, we studied healthy 6- to 21-yr-old girls (n = 66) and boys (n = 61) using high-resolution pQCT (voxel size, 82 μm) at the distal radius. Subjects were classified into five groups by bone-age: group I (prepuberty, 6–8 yr), group II (early puberty, 9–11 yr), group III (midpuberty, 12–14 yr), group IV (late puberty, 15–17 yr), and group V (postpuberty, 18–21 yr). Compared with group I, trabecular parameters (bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and thickness) did not change in girls but increased in boys from late puberty onward. Cortical thickness and density decreased from pre- to midpuberty in girls but were unchanged in boys, before rising to higher levels at the end of puberty in both sexes. Total bone strength, assessed using microfinite element models, increased linearly across bone age groups in both sexes, with boys showing greater bone strength than girls after midpuberty. The proportion of load borne by cortical bone, and the ratio of cortical to trabecular bone volume, decreased transiently during mid- to late puberty in both sexes, with apparent cortical porosity peaking during this time. This mirrors the incidence of distal forearm fractures in prior studies. We conclude that regional deficits in cortical bone may underlie the adolescent peak in forearm fractures. Whether these deficits are more severe in children who sustain forearm fractures or persist into later life warrants further study.
Using Telemedicine to Improve the Care Delivered to Sexually Abused Children in Rural, Underserved Hospitals
Authors: MacLeod Kristen J. , Marcin James P. , Boyle Cathy , Miyamoto Sheridan , Dimand Robert J. , Rogers Kristen K. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE. We used live telemedicine consultations to assist remote providers in the examination of sexually assaulted children presenting to rural, underserved hospitals. We hypothesized that telemedicine would increase the ability of the rural provider to perform a complete and accurate sexual assault examination.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Child abuse experts from a university children's hospital provided 24/7 live telemedicine consultations to clinicians at 2 rural, underserved hospitals. Consultations consisted of videoconferencing to assist in the examination and interpretation of findings during live examinations. Consecutive female patients &lt;18 years of age presenting to the 2 participating hospitals were included. We developed and used an instrument to assess the quality of care and the interventions provided via telemedicine as it related to patient history, physical examination, colposcopic and manual manipulation techniques, interpretation of findings, and treatment plans for victims of child sexual abuse.
RESULTS. Data from 42 live telemedicine consultations were analyzed. The mean duration of the consultations was 71 minutes (range: 25–210 minutes). The consultations resulted in changes in interview methods (47%), the use of the multimethod examination technique (86%), and the use of adjunct techniques (40%). There were 9 acute sexual assault telemedicine consults that resulted in changes to the collection of forensic evidence (89%). Rankings of practitioners' skills and the telemedicine consult effectiveness were high, with the majority of cases scoring ≥5 on a 7-point Likert scale.
CONCLUSIONS. The use of telemedicine to assist in the examination of sexually assaulted children presenting to underserved, rural communities results in significant changes in the methods of examination and evidence collection. It is possible that this model of care results in increased quality of care and appropriate forensic evidence collection.
Platelet Transfusion Practices Among Neonatologists in the United States and Canada: Results of a Survey
Authors: Josephson Cassandra D. , Su Leon L. , Christensen Robert D. , Hillyer Christopher D. , Castillejo Marta-Inés , Emory Michele R. , Lin Yulia , Hume Heather , Easley Kirk , Poterjoy Brandon , Sola-Visner Martha 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE. In the absence of scientific evidence, current neonatal platelet transfusion practices are based on physicians' preferences, expert advice, or consensus-driven recommendations. We hypothesized that there would be significant diversity in platelet transfusion triggers, product selection, and dosing among neonatologists in the United States and Canada.METHODS. A Web-based survey on neonatal platelet transfusion practices was distributed to all members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Perinatal Section in the United States and to all physicians listed in the 2005 Canadian Neonatology Directory.RESULTS. The overall response rate was 37% (1060 of 2875). In the United States, 37% (1007 of 2700) responded, of which 52% practiced at academic centers. Thirty percent (53 of 175) of Canadians responded, of whom 94% practiced at academic centers. As hypothesized, there was significant practice diversity in both countries. The survey also revealed that platelet transfusions are frequently administered to nonbleeding neonates with platelet counts of &gt;50 × 109/L. This practice is particularly prevalent among neonates with specific clinical conditions, including indomethacin treatment, preceding procedures, in the postoperative period, or with intraventricular hemorrhages.CONCLUSIONS. There is great variability in platelet transfusion practices among US and Canadian neonatologists, suggesting clinical equipoise in many clinical scenarios. Prospective randomized clinical trials to generate evidence-based neonatal platelet transfusion guidelines are needed.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Pentavalent Vaccine Compared With Separate Administration of Licensed Equivalent Vaccines in US Infants and Toddlers and Persistence of Antibodies Before a Preschool Booster Dose: A Randomized, Clinical Trial
Authors: Guerra Fernando A. , Blatter Mark M. , Greenberg David P. , Pichichero Michael , Noriega Fernando R. ,   on behalf of the Pentacel Study Group
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a combination vaccine (DTaP5-IPV-Hib; Pentacel) with that of its separately administered, US-licensed equivalent vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus, 5-component acellular pertussis vaccine [DTaP5; Daptacel], inactivated poliovirus vaccine [IPV; IPOL], and Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib] vaccine [ActHIB]), when administered to infants and toddlers concomitantly with other routinely recommended vaccines and to assess antibody persistence from the fourth dose in toddlers to the fifth (preschool) DTaP5 dose.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS. In this randomized, multicenter study, 1939 healthy infants were immunized at 2, 4, and 6 months of age with 1 of 3 lots of DTaP5 coadministered with IPV and Hib vaccines or 1 lot of DTaP5-IPV-Hib combination vaccine. Subsequently, 849 of these study participants were given a fourth dose of DTaP5 and Hib vaccines or a fourth dose of DTaP5-IPV-Hib at 1 to 16 months of age. Safety was monitored throughout the study, and blood specimens were obtained to assess antibody responses.
RESULTS. DTaP5-IPV-Hib elicited similar or fewer solicited injection-site and systemic reactions as compared with the separate administration of US-licensed DTaP5, IPV, and Hib vaccines. Seroresponse and seroprotection rates elicited by DTaP5-IPV-Hib were noninferior to US-licensed equivalent vaccines after the infant series and after the fourth dose. Children immunized with DTaP5-IPV-Hib had higher antibody geometric mean concentrations to pertussis toxoid and filamentous hemagglutinin; children immunized with the separate vaccines had higher responses to pertactin. Hib antibody responses to Hib polysaccharide were nearly identical in the DTaP5-IPV-Hib and separate-vaccine groups. Persistence of antibodies to the fifth (preschool) dose was also similar between groups.
CONCLUSIONS. DTaP5-IPV-Hib combination vaccine was shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated. No clinically important differences in the safety or immunologic profiles were noted for DTaP5-IPV-Hib versus the separately administered, US-licensed equivalent vaccines. DTaP5-IPV-Hib is a suitable replacement for separately administered DTaP, IPV, and Hib vaccines.
Hyperbilirubinemia and Language Delay in Premature Infants
Authors: Amin Sanjiv B. , Prinzing Diane , Myers Gary 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to evaluate whether language delay at 3 years in premature infants is associated with previous exposure to hyperbilirubinemia during the first 2 weeks after birth.PATIENTS AND METHODS. We performed a retrospective case-control study of infants admitted to the NICU between January and October 2003. Inclusion criteria included a birth weight of ≤1500 g and follow-up to age 3 years. Exclusion criteria included genetic disorders and hearing loss or recurrent ear infections. Peak total serum bilirubin levels during the first 2 weeks and duration of hyperbilirubinemia (days with total serum bilirubin level at &gt;8 mg/dL) were determined. Infants with language delay and who were receiving speech therapy by 3 years were identified through developmental clinic charts and a tracking program and compared with infants who had normal language development.RESULTS. A total of 125 infants with birth weight of ≤1500 g were admitted to the NICU between January and October 2003. Fifteen infants died, and 110 were discharged from the hospital. A total of 102 (93%) of 110 infants had follow-up to the age of 3 years. Four infants were excluded (1 genetic disorder, 3 delayed hearing loss or recurrent ear infections). Twenty-four infants had a language delay and received speech therapy, whereas 74 infants had normal language development. There was no significant difference in peak total serum bilirubin level and duration of hyperbilirubinemia between the 2 groups. On logistic regression, only bronchopulmonary dysplasia was associated with language delay.CONCLUSIONS. Hyperbilirubinemia, defined as peak total serum bilirubin level or duration of elevated bilirubin in days, is not associated with language delay in premature infants. However, this issue deserves investigation, because other measures of bilirubin, such as unbound bilirubin, may be associated with language delay.
Perinatal Outcomes Associated With Preterm Birth at 33 to 36 Weeks’ Gestation: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Khashu Minesh , Narayanan Manjith , Bhargava Seema , Osiovich Horacio 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE. The aim of our population-based study was to compare the mortality and morbidity of late-preterm infants to those born at term. Advancement in the care of extremely preterm infants has led to a shift of focus away from the more mature preterms, who are being managed as “near terms” and treated as “near normal.” Some recent studies have suggested an increased risk of mortality and morbidity in this group compared with infants born at term. However, there are few population-based mortality and morbidity statistics for this cohort, particularly reflecting current practice.
METHODS. Using data from the British Columbia Perinatal Database Registry we analyzed all singleton births between 33 and 40 weeks’ gestation from April 1999 to March 2002 in the province of British Columbia, Canada. We divided this birth cohort into late preterm (33–36 weeks, n = 6381) and term (37–40 weeks, n = 88 867) groups. We compared mortality and morbidity data and associated maternal factors between the 2 groups.
RESULTS. Stillbirth rate and perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality rates were significantly higher in the late-preterm group. Infants in this group needed resuscitation at birth more frequently than those in the term group. Late-preterm infants had a significantly higher incidence of respiratory morbidity and infection and had a significantly longer duration of hospital stay. Maternal factors that were more common in the late-preterm group included chorioamnionitis, hypertension, diabetes, thrombophilia, prelabor rupture of membranes, primigravida, and teenage pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS. Our data support recent literature regarding neonatal mortality and morbidity in late-preterm infants and warrants a review of care for this group at the local, national, and global levels. Reorganization of services and increased resource allocation may be needed in most hospitals and community settings to achieve optimization of care for this group of infants.