bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact Exercise Increases BMC During Growth: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gunter Katherine , Baxter-Jones Adam DG , Mirwald Robert L , Almstedt Hawley , Fuchs Robyn K , Durski Shantel , Snow Christine 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Our aim was to assess BMC of the hip over 8 yr in prepubertal children who participated in a 7-mo jumping intervention compared with controls who participated in a stretching program of equal duration. We hypothesized that jumpers would gain more BMC than control subjects. The data reported come from two cohorts of children who participated in separate, but identical, randomized, controlled, school-based impact exercise interventions and reflect those subjects who agreed to long-term follow-up (N = 57; jumpers = 33, controls = 24; 47% of the original participants). BMC was assessed by DXA at baseline, 7 and 19 mo after intervention, and annually thereafter for 5 yr (eight visits over 8 yr). Multilevel random effects models were constructed and used to predict change in BMC from baseline at each measurement occasion. After 7 mo, those children that completed high-impact jumping exercises had 3.6% more BMC at the hip than control subjects whom completed nonimpact stretching activities (p &lt; 0.05) and 1.4% more BMC at the hip after nearly 8 yr (BMC adjusted for change in age, height, weight, and physical activity; p &lt; 0.05). This provides the first evidence of a sustained effect on total hip BMC from short-term high-impact exercise undertaken in early childhood. If the benefits are sustained into young adulthood, effectively increasing peak bone mass, fracture risk in the later years could be reduced.
Impact of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide on Age-Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Ding Ke-Hong , Shi Xing-Ming , Zhong Qing , Kang Baolin , Xie Ding , Bollag Wendy B , Bollag Roni J , Hill William , Washington Walter , Mi Qing-Sheng , Insogna Karl , Chutkan Norman , Hamrick Mark , Isales Carlos M 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
GIP is an important hormonal link between nutrition and bone formation. We show for the first time that BMSCs express functional GIP receptors, that expression decreases with aging, and that elevations in GIP can prevent age-associated bone loss.
Introduction: We previously showed that C57BL/6 mice lose bone mass as they age, particularly between 18 and 24 mo of age. The mechanisms involved in this age-dependent induced bone loss are probably multifactorial, but adequate nutrition and nutritional signals seem to be important. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is an enteric hormone whose receptors are present in osteoblasts, and GIP is known to stimulate osteoblastic activity in vitro. In vivo, GIP-overexpressing C57BL/6 transgenic (GIP Tg+) mice have increased bone mass compared with controls. Bone histomorphometric data suggest that GIP increases osteoblast number, possibly by preventing osteoblastic apoptosis. However, potential GIP effects on osteoblastic precursors, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), had not previously been examined. In addition, effects of GIP on age-induced bone loss were not known.
Materials and Methods: Changes in BMD, biomechanics, biomarkers of bone turnover, and bone histology were assessed in C57BL/6 GIP Tg+ versus Tg− (littermate) mice between the ages of 1 and 24 mo of age. In addition, age-related changes in GIP receptor (GIPR) expression and GIP effects on differentiation of BMSCs were also assessed as potential causal factors in aging-induced bone loss.
Results: We report that bone mass and bone strength in GIP Tg+ mice did not drop in a similar age-dependent fashion as in controls. In addition, biomarker measurements showed that GIP Tg+ mice had increased osteoblastic activity compared with wildtype control mice. Finally, we report for the first time that BMSCs express GIPR, that the expression decreases in an age-dependent manner, and that stimulation of BMSCs with GIP led to increased osteoblastic differentiation.
Conclusions: Our data show that elevated GIP levels prevent age-related loss of bone mass and bone strength and suggest that age-related decreases in GIP receptor expression in BMSCs may play a pathophysiological role in this bone loss. We conclude that elevations in GIP may be an effective countermeasure to age-induced bone loss.
BMD Decreases Over the Course of a Year in Competitive Male Cyclists
Authors: Barry Daniel W , Kohrt Wendy M 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Male cyclists have been found to have low BMD in cross-sectional studies. Changes in BMD values over 1 yr of training and competition were studied in 14 male cyclists. BMD decreased significantly at the total hip, neck, trochanter, and shaft regions but not the lumbar spine. This first prospective study of cyclists showed a decrease in BMD over the course of 1 yr.
Introduction: Cross-sectional studies have shown that some endurance athletes, and cyclists in particular, have low BMD. Whether vigorous cycle training is causally related with low BMD remains unknown.
Materials and Methods: Changes in BMD values over 1 yr of training and competition were studied in 14 male road cyclists, 27–44 yr of age. Subjects were randomized to receive 1500 (500 mg with meals) or 250 mg of supplemental calcium citrate daily. BMD measurements were obtained at pre-, mid-, post-, and off-season time points over 1 yr. Dermal calcium loss during exercise was estimated using a patch collection technique to examine calcium loss as a potential mediator of changes in BMD.
Results: Using paired t-tests, BMD was found to decrease significantly from pre- to off-season at the total hip, neck, shaft, and trochanter regions (relative changes of −1.5 ± 2.1%, −0.7 ± 2.1%, −0.9 ± 2.1%, and −1.0 ± 1.2%, respectively, all p &lt; 0.05). The 1.0 ± 1.2% decrease in BMD at the lumbar spine failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.079). There were no differences in changes in BMD between the calcium supplementation groups. The 2-h dermal calcium loss was estimated at 136.5 ± 60.5 mg. Higher dermal calcium losses were associated with lower baseline BMD values at the total hip, neck, and shaft (all p &lt; 0.05), but were not significantly associated with changes in BMD.
Conclusions: This study suggests that high intensity cycle training may adversely affect BMD. Excessive dermal calcium loss during exercise may be a contributing factor, but mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
Notochordal Inclusions in the Vertebral Bone Marrow
Authors: Corsi Alessandro , De Maio Fernando , Mancini Federico , Ippolito Ernesto , Riminucci Mara , Bianco Paolo 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Nontumoral notochordal inclusions in vertebral bone marrow give rise to MRI-detectable lesion without osteolysis, and their detection may cause concern or overtreatment. These lesions likely arise from dislocation of notochordal cells from the nucleus pulposus early in life, followed by growth in a permissive bone marrow microenvironment.
We present a case of nontumoral notochordal inclusions in vertebral bone marrow, giving rise to an MRI detectable lesion without osteolysis. MRI detection of such lesions may cause concern or overtreatment. Quite distinct from chordomas, these lesions likely arise from dislocation of notochordal cells from the nucleus pulposus early in life, followed by growth in a permissive bone marrow microenvironment.
Genetic Variation and Association Analyses of the Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (
nRF1
) Gene in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Yang , Niu Nifang , Zhu Xilin , Du Te , Wang Xin , Chen Dongmei , Wu Xiaopan , Gu Harvest F. , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2007

OBJECTIVE—Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) is a strong biological and positional candidate to contribute to type 2 diabetes susceptibility. This study aimed at evaluating associations between NRF1 genetic polymorphisms and development of type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Using a variation screening approach, 6 novel and 10 known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NRF1 gene were identified. Nine SNPs were then selected using pairwise tagging with an r2 cutoff of 0.8 and/or minor allele frequency of &gt;5% and genotyped in 596 type 2 diabetic patients and 431 nondiabetic subjects, all of whom were Han Chinese.
RESULTS—Two novel SNPs (−46127T&gt;C and +98560A&gt;G) were associated with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.018 and 0.036; for possession of minor allele, odds ratio [OR] 0.620 and 3.199, with dominant model and correction for multiple comparisons). In SNP rs1882094 (+141G&gt;T), the nondiabetic control subjects carrying GG genotype had lower fasting plasma glucose levels than carriers with other genotypes (P = 0.0002). One common haplotype (H2) mainly composed of SNPs rs6969098 (−24833 A&gt;G), rs1882094, and another novel variant (+97884G&gt;A) was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.016, OR 0.706). Subjects with this haplotype had lower fasting triglyceride levels when compared with those with other haplotypes (P = 0.010).
CONCLUSIONS—The present study shows an association of SNPs in the NRF1 gene with type 2 diabetes in a Han Chinese population. NRF1 genetic polymorphisms may be a suspectibility factor for type 2 diabetes by conferring abnormalities in triglyceride metabolism. Further studies should replicate this finding using larger and racially diverse populations.
Interrater Reliability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children
Authors: Smits-Engelsman Bouwien CM , Fiers Marlene J , Henderson Sheila E , Henderson Leslie 
Published: December 2007

Background and Purpose
The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) is a widely used, standardized assessment of motor performance in children. The total score obtained on this test often is used to identify children who are either definitely impaired or at risk for motor impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability of data for the M-ABC when scored by pediatric physical therapists working in routine clinical settings.

Subjects and Methods
For 9 children who were referred to clinical settings for an assessment of possible movement difficulties, performance on the appropriate age band of the M-ABC was videotaped. The 9 children, one at each age from 4 through 12 years, represented all ages covered by the test. The videotaped performances were rated according to the test instructions by 131 pediatric physical therapists with a range of experience and by an expert rater who developed the Dutch version of the test.

Results
The average agreement between therapists in their classification of the children was very high. The kappa coefficients for the 9 videos ranged from .95 to 1.00.

Discussion and Conclusion
Errors made by the therapists could be classified as those that might be common to all tests and those that are specific to the M-ABC.
Le temps de réaction verbale : réponses spécifiques et réponses catégorielles à des stimulus-objets
Authors: Segui Juan , Fraisse P 
Published: December 2007

A un objet donné correspondent une réponse spécifique et une réponse catégorielle. La réponse la plus rapide (mesurée par un temps de réaction verbale) est celle qui correspond à la réponse la plus spontanée et la plus disponible quand on demande au sujet d'identifier l'objet.
Cette réponse spontanée dépend de la nature de l'objet. Quand les objets sont perceptivement très semblables, et donnent naissance à une image générique (arbre, poisson, etc.), la réponse catégorielle est la plus spontanée, quel que soit l'âge du sujet. Elle est au contraire de nature spécifique quand les objets sont très distincts et que la catégorie correspondante est plus abstraite, ne dépendant pas d'une forme perceptive générale (ex. : catégorie fonctionnelle : arme, etc.).
Appréciation de la performance propre et des performances d'autrui dans une situation sociale (II)
Authors: Poitou J.-P. 
Published: December 2007

Après avoir montré dans la première partie que les membres d'un groupe hiérarchisé de travail à deux niveaux portent sur leur propre performance des jugements plus défavorables que sur celles de leurs coéquipiers, on examine ici les deux hypothèses suivantes :
1. A valeur objective égale, la performance du titulaire du poste important est l'objet de jugements plus favorables que celles des postes inférieurs.
2. Lorsque le poste le plus important a été attribué de façon motivée, la performance de son titulaire est meilleure que lorsque le poste a été attribué de façon arbitraire. Seule la seconde de ces deux hypothèses est pleinement confirmée.
Does the use of mobile phones affect human short‐term memory or attention?
Authors: Cinel Caterina , Boldini Angela , Fox Elaine , Russo Riccardo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe effect of acute exposure to low‐level radio frequency electromagnetic fields (REF) generated by mobile phones on short‐term memory and attention was assessed in two experiments. Most of the tests manipulated task difficulty or what might be termed cognitive load. This manipulation is important since previous studies have argued that exposure to mobile phones might affect cognitive functions only under conditions which tax the cognitive system. All participants were exposed to REF (half were exposed to GSM—Global System for Mobile Communication—signals and the other half were exposed to unmodulated signals) in one testing session, while in a separate session participants were exposed to sham signals. To investigate potential lateralised effects, the mobile phone was positioned on the left side of the head for half of the participants and on the right side for the other half. No significant effect of exposure to REF was detected in any of the six tasks used in either the low or high cognitive load conditions. This study used much larger sample sizes than is typical for this type of research and REF exposure was administered under double‐blind conditions. Overall, the results indicate that acute exposure to REFs emitted by mobile phones do not have a strong impact on cognitive functions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermally Responsive Reversed Micelles for Immobilization of Enzymes
Authors: Chen H. , Liu L.‐H. , Wang L.‐S. , Ching C.‐B. , Yu H.‐W. , Yang Y.‐Y. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this study, thermally responsive alkyl end‐capped poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized, and successfully utilized to fabricate reversed micelles and immobilize enzymes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study showed that the reversed micelles were spherical in nature. The activity of Candida rugosa lipase immobilized in the reversed micelles towards catalyzing the esterification of lauric acid and 1‐propanol was analyzed in comparison with naked enzyme. Immobilized lipase provided much greater catalytic activity. In addition, the effects of pH, water content, polymer and enzyme concentration on the catalytic activity were investigated. The optimized fabrication conditions of lipase‐loaded reversed micelles, under which lipase gave the highest activity, were as follows: polymer concentration, 12 mg mL–1; enzyme concentration, 25 mg mL–1 phosphate buffered saline (PBS); pH, 7.4; W0 ([water]/[surfactant]), 83.3. Lipase immobilized in these micelles was much more stable than that in conventional sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate micelles. More importantly, the size of lipase‐immobilized micelles decreased, and the enzyme solution precipitated from the reaction mixture when the temperature increased to a value slightly higher than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer. The recovery rate of enzyme was about 75 %. The α‐helix structure of the recovered lipase remained intact. In addition, the enzymatic reaction was terminated after raising the environmental temperature slightly above the LCST. These thermally responsive micelles may make a promising system for enzyme immobilization.
Cover Picture: Photoinduced Formation of Wrinkled Microstructures with Long‐Range Order in Thin Oxide Films (Adv. Mater. 24/2007)
Authors: Takahashi M. , Maeda T. , Uemura K. , Yao J. , Tokuda Y. , Yoko T. , Kaji H. , Marcelli A. , Innocenzi P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThin oxide films with long‐range‐ordered microstructures have been fabricated by a wrinkling process, initiated by photopolymerization from an oxide precursor–photomonomer system through sol‐gel coating procedure followed by UV illumination. The cover image shows a TiO2 thin film with a long‐range‐ordered microstructure fabricated on a prepatterned substrate, as shown by Masahide Takahashi, Plinio Innocenzi, and co‐workers on p. 4343.
Familial CHARGE syndrome and the CHD7 gene: A recurrent missense mutation, intrafamilial recurrence and variability
Authors: Jongmans Marjolijn C.J. , Hoefsloot Lies H. , van der Donk Kim P. , Admiraal Ronald J. , Magee Alex , van de Laar Ingrid , Hendriks Yvonne , Verheij Joke B.G.M. , Walpole Ian , Brunner Han G. , van Ravenswaaij Conny M.A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition that is caused by mutations in the CHD7 gene. Few familial cases of this syndrome have been reported and these were characterized by a wide clinical variability. We here report on five CHD7 mutation positive families and comment on their clinical features. We observed somatic and germline mosaicism as well as parent‐to‐child transmission of non‐mosaic CHD7 mutations as causes of familial CHARGE syndrome. In one family with two affected sibs a somatic mutation was identified in lymphocytes of a clinically unaffected parent (2520G > A in exon 8). This is the second report of somatic CHD7 mosaicism in an unaffected parent. In two further families with affected siblings, we could not detect the mutation in parental lymphocytes suggesting germline mosaicism. The previously reported clinical variability was strikingly present in all five families. We find that alterations in CHD7 can result in a very mild phenotype, characterized by only a few minor symptoms of the CHARGE syndrome clinical spectrum. Such a mild phenotype was present in two families that shared the same 6322G > A missense mutation. These two families showed parent‐to‐child transmission. Phenotypically milder forms of CHARGE syndrome have a higher risk of transmission to multiple family members. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidized/misfolded superoxide dismutase‐1: the cause of all amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Authors: Kabashi Edor , Valdmanis Paul N. , Dion Patrick , Rouleau Guy A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe identification in 1993 of superoxide dismutase‐1 (SOD1) mutations as the cause of 10 to 20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases, which represents 1 to 2% of all amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases, prompted a substantial amount of research into the mechanisms of SOD1‐mediated toxicity. Recent experiments have demonstrated that oxidation of wild‐type SOD1 leads to its misfolding, causing it to gain many of the same toxic properties as mutant SOD1. In vitro studies of oxidized/misfolded SOD1 and in vivo studies of misfolded SOD1 have indicated that these protein species are selectively toxic to motor neurons, suggesting that oxidized/misfolded SOD1 could lead to ALS even in individuals who do not carry an SOD1 mutation. It has also been reported that glial cells secrete oxidized/misfolded mutant SOD1 to the extracellular environment, where it can trigger the selective death of motor neurons, offering a possible explanation for the noncell autonomous nature of mutant SOD1 toxicity and the rapid progression of disease once the first symptoms develop. Therefore, considering that sporadic (SALS) and familial ALS (FALS) cases are clinically indistinguishable, the toxic properties of mutated SOD1 are similar to that of oxidized/misfolded wild‐type SOD1 (wtSOD1), and secreted/extracellular misfolded SOD1 is selectively toxic to motor neurons, we propose that oxidized/misfolded SOD1 is the cause of most forms of classic ALS and should be a prime target for the design of ALS treatments. Ann Neurol 2007
Amidophosphane–Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to Racemic 6‐Substituted Cyclohexenones to Form 2,5‐Di‐ and 2,2,5‐Trisubstituted Cyclohexanones
Authors: Selim Khalid , Soeta Takahiro , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe asymmetric conjugate addition of dialkylzinc reagents to racemic 6‐substituted cyclohexenones under the catalysis of chiral amidophosphane–copper(I) complexes gave a mixture of nearly equal amounts of the corresponding trans‐ and cis‐disubstituted cyclohexanones with extremely high catalyst‐controlled enantioselectivity. Epimerization with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) led to the conversion of these mixtures into the thermodynamically more stable trans‐2,5‐disubstituted cyclohexanone as the major product with up to 96 % ee in up to 96 % yield. The regio‐ and stereoselective alkylation of the disubstituted cyclohexanone products via the thermodynamically favored enolate gave 2,2,5‐trisubstituted cyclohexanones with a quaternary asymmetric carbon atom in good yield.
L‐Tyrosine production by recombinant Escherichia coli: Fermentation optimization and recovery
Authors: Patnaik Ranjan , Zolandz Raymond R. , Green Daniel A. , Kraynie David F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractL‐Tyrosine (L‐tyr) overproducing Escherichia coli strain derived from an L‐phenylalanine (L‐phe) overproducing strain is characterized in 10 L and 200 L scale fermentations. Deletion of the chromosomal region encoding for the pheA gene, chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase, its leader peptide (pheL) and its associated promoter resulted in significant increase in L‐tyr production (Olson et al., 2007. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74(5):1031–1040). Further increase in titer was achieved by overexpressing tyrA, encoding chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase, from a strong non‐native trc promoter (Olson et al., 2007. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74(5):1031–1040). Fermentation optimization studies include media component selection; glucose feed optimization, antifoam agent selection, and understanding fermentation parameters affecting foaming. Generational stability of the strain was evaluated along with rate, titer, and yield of tyrosine formation from glucose. L‐tyr titer of 55 g/L in 48 h was demonstrated in 200 L batches, is the highest titer published till date. We have also evaluated two primary separations schemes to isolate and purify L‐tyr from the fermentation broth. Physical separation of L‐tyr crystals from biomass using a decanter type centrifuge, based on the density difference between the solids, is compared and contrasted with a strategy where L‐tyr is first dissolved at pH 11.5 and then acid precipitated from clarified supernatants following removal of biomass using membrane filtration. L‐tyr product purity of 98% with yields ranging from 90% to 95% is demonstrated. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 741–752. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.