bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet and activity pattern of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico: effects of habitat fragmentation and implications for conservation
Authors: Cristóbal‐Azkarate Jurgi , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAccelerated deforestation is causing the rapid loss and fragmentation of primary habitat for primates. Although the genusAlouattais one of the most studied primate taxa under these circumstances, some results are contradictory and responses of howlers to habitat fragmentation are not yet clear. In this paper, we conduct a cross‐study of the available researches on mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) in forest fragments in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, to (1) describe the diet and activity pattern of howlers; (2) analyze the similarity in the diet across studies; and (3) relate both fragment size and howler population density with different characteristics of their diet, home range size, and activity pattern. Howlers consumed 181 plant species belonging to 54 families.Ficuswas the most important taxa in the howlers' diet, followed by primary species such asPterocarpus rohrii,Nectandra ambigens,Poulsenia armata, andBrosimum alicastrum. Secondary and non‐secondary light‐demanding plant species, which are representatives of disturbed habitat, contributed with a high percentage of their feeding time. Only 23% of the species consumed were the same across all the studies, suggesting that howlers adapt their diet to the food availability of their respective habitats. Population density is the best predictor of howlers' ecological and behavioral changes in response to forest fragmentation, probably owing to its relationship with food availability. Howlers respond to the increase in population densities by increasing the (1) diversity of food species in the diet; (2) consumption of non‐tree growth forms; and (3) consumption of new plant items. Home range size is also predicted by population density, but fragment size is a better predictor, probably owing to the fact that howler groups can overlap their home ranges. Our results emphasize the importance of conserving the larger fragments and increasing the size of small and medium‐sized ones. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1013–1029, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of ketamine anesthesia on daily food intake in Macaca mulatta and Cercopithecus aethiops
Authors: Springer Danielle A. , Baker Kate C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractKetamine hydrochloride is frequently administered to non‐human primates as a means of chemical restraint. This procedure can be a frequent source of stress to monkeys at research facilities, impacting animal health, well‐being and research quality. This study was designed to measure ketamine's effect on daily food intake, a parameter that reflects and influences animal well‐being and directly impacts research studies. On five occasions, baseline daily food intake was compared to daily food intake occurring 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after an intramuscular injection of 10 mg/kg ketamine in male African green monkeys (AGMs) (Cercopithecus aethiops) and male and female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). AGMs and female rhesus macaques had significantly reduced daily food intake during the first 4 days after receiving ketamine. The AGMs continued to display significantly reduced daily food intake on the fifth day after ketamine. The male rhesus macagues showed a trend toward reduced daily food intake, greatest during the first 2 days and remaining less than baseline intake through the fifth day following ketamine. The degree of observed food intake reduction was most severe at the 24 h (mean percent intake reduction: AGMs: 57%; rhesus males: 48%; rhesus females: 40%) and 48 h time points (AGMs: 24%; rhesus males: 14%; rhesus females: 13%). A subset of the AGMs that did not receive ketamine, but observed other animals in the room receive ketamine, showed reduced food intake at 24 and 48 h after ketamine, though not to the degree associated with ketamine administration. These results indicate that ketamine anesthesia is associated with a prolonged reduction in daily food intake in AGMs and rhesus macaques. Frequent use of ketamine in non‐human primates may have a significant impact on animal health and well‐being, and alternatives to its use warrant consideration. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1080–1092, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trisomy 17 in a baboon (Papio hamadryas) with polydactyly, patent foramen ovale and pyelectasis
Authors: Moore Charleen M. , Hubbard Gene B. , Dick Edward , Dunn Betty G. , Raveendran Muthuswamy , Rogers Jeffrey , Williams Vick , Gomez Jeremiah J. , Butler Stephanie D. , Leland M. Michelle , Schlabritz‐loutsevitch Natalia E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTrisomy 13 in humans is the third most common autosomal abnormality at birth, after trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. It has a reported incidence of between 1:5,000 and 1:30,000 live births. It is associated with multiple abnormalities, many of which shorten lifespan. We describe here the first reported case of a baboon (Papio hamadryas) with trisomy of chromosome 17, which is homologous to human chromosome 13. The trisomic infant was born to a consanguineous pair of baboons and had morphological characteristics similar to those observed in human trisomy 13, including bilateral polydactyly in the upper limbs, a patent foramen ovale, and pyelectasis. Molecular DNA analysis using human chromosome 13 markers was consistent with the affected infant inheriting two copies of chromosome 17 derived from the same parental chromosome. This trisomy was, therefore, due to either an error in meiosis II or the result of postzygotic nondisjunction. The parental origin, however, could not be determined. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1105–1118, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogenetic structural and material variations in ovine calcanei: A model for interpreting bone adaptation
Authors: Skedros John G. , Sorenson Scott M. , Hunt Kenneth J. , Holyoak Joshua D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental models are needed for resolving relative influences of genetic, epigenetic, and nonheritable functionally induced (extragenetic) factors in the emergence of developmental adaptations in limb bones of larger mammals. We examined regional/ontogenetic morphologic variations in sheep calcanei, which exhibit marked heterogeneity in structural and material organization by skeletal maturity. Cross‐sections and lateral radiographs of an ontogenetic series of domesticated sheep calcanei (fetal to adult) were examined for variations in biomechanically important structural (cortical thickness and trabecular architecture) and material (percent ash and predominant collagen fiber orientation) characteristics. Results showed delayed development of variations in cortical thickness and collagen fiber orientation, which correlate with extragenetic factors, including compression/tension strains of habitual bending in respective dorsal/plantar cortices and load‐related thresholds for modeling/remodeling activities. In contrast, the appearance of trabecular arches in utero suggests strong genetic/epigenetic influences. These stark spatial/temporal variations in sheep calcanei provide a compelling model for investigating causal mechanisms that mediate this construction. In view of these findings, it is also suggested that the conventional distinction between genetic and epigenetic factors in limb bone development be expanded into three categories: genetic, epigenetic, and extragenetic factors. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Disease Activity Score in 28 joints in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients
Authors: Leeb Burkhard F. , Andel Ingrid , Sautner Judith , Fassl Christian , Nothnagl Thomas , Rintelen Bernhard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the factorial structure of the Disease Activity Score including a 28‐joint count (DAS28) if applied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsDAS28 values from 85 consecutive PsA outpatients and 2 RA patient cohorts comprising 85 patients each were compared. The first RA cohort (RA1) consisted of age‐ and sex‐matched patients seen during the same period as the patients with PsA. The first 85 RA outpatients from September 2003 were included in the second cohort (RA2). Item weighting, factor loading, and internal consistency were assessed by factor analysis, principal component analysis, and calculation of Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe mean ± SD DAS28 scores of patients in the PsA, RA1, and RA2 cohorts were 3.2 ± 1.31, 3.21 ± 1.45, and 3.79 ± 1.44, respectively. A significant difference between the PsA and RA2 cohorts was found for DAS28 (P = 0.0063), swollen joint count (P = 0.007), and patient's global assessment (P < 0.001), but not for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Internal consistency of the DAS28 in patients with PsA was considerably lower, item weighting showed remarkable differences, and factor analysis revealed that the DAS28 constitutes a bidimensional instrument in patients with PsA, whereas in both RA cohorts it appeared to be monodimensional.ConclusionWith respect to its statistical properties, the DAS28 proved to be considerably different in PsA compared with RA. Therefore its application for disease activity assessment in patients with PsA cannot be recommended without a formal validation procedure.
Sonographic investigation of the temporomandibular joint in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A pilot study
Authors: Jank Siegfried , Haase Stephan , Strobl Heinrich , Michels Hartmut , Häfner Renate , Missmann Martin , Bodner Gerd , Mur Erich , Schroeder Dominik 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether there are any correlations between the clinical parameters of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis and pathologic ultrasound (US) findings of the TMJ in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsWe conducted prospective clinical and US investigations of the TMJs of 48 patients with JIA. The US investigation was performed by a 12‐MHz high‐resolution transducer, which was positioned parallel to the ramus of the mandible overlying the zygomatic arch in a closed‐mouth position and maximum open‐mouth position.ResultsPatients with ≥5 peripheral affected joints showed significantly more sonographically diagnosed destructive changes in the TMJ than did patients with <5 affected joints. There was no significance between the number of affected peripheral joints and disc dislocation in the closed‐mouth position. In the maximum open‐mouth position, there was a significant correlation between the number of affected peripheral joints and disc dislocation. Patients with a JIA duration >23 months had a significantly higher rate of disc dislocation and destructive changes. Patients with a JIA duration >60 months had a significantly higher rate of destructive changes of the TMJ than patients with a disease duration <60 months, but no statistical significance was found concerning disc dislocation.ConclusionThe significant correlation between pathologic sonographic findings, duration of JIA, and the number of affected peripheral joints make the technique interesting for use as a diagnostic screening method.
Effectiveness of the introduction of an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health–based rehabilitation tool in multidisciplinary team care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Verhoef John , Toussaint Pieter J. , Zwetsloot‐Schonk Johanna H. M. , Breedveld Ferdinand C. , Putter Hein , VlielanD Theodora P. M. Vliet 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the use of an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)–based instrument to structure multidisciplinary care improves clinical effectiveness and satisfaction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) admitted for multidisciplinary team care.MethodsConsecutive patients with RA admitted to an inpatient or day patient multidisciplinary team care ward were included during a 12‐month period before (period I) and after (period II) the introduction of an ICF‐based rehabilitation tool (Rehabilitation Activities Profile [RAP]). Patients were assessed at admission, discharge, and 6 weeks thereafter. The primary outcome measure was a patient‐oriented measure of functional ability (McMaster Toronto Arthritis Patient Preference Disability Questionnaire [MACTAR]), whereas secondary outcome measures included measures of physical and mental functioning, quality of life, disease activity, and patient satisfaction. Change scores between periods were compared using analysis of covariance.ResultsA total of 80 and 85 patients were included in periods I and II, respectively. Concerning the improvement of the MACTAR score and all other secondary clinical outcome measures, there was no significant difference between the 2 periods. Patient satisfaction with care was slightly higher in period II than in period I, with the differences regarding the total score of a multidimensional satisfaction questionnaire and the domains focusing on individual problems and empathy reaching statistical significance.ConclusionThe introduction of the RAP did not change clinical effectiveness but had a modest beneficial impact on patient satisfaction with care in patients with RA admitted for multidisciplinary team care.
Caregiver recall of treatment recommendations in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Civita Mirella De , Feldman Debbie Ehrmann , Meshefedjian Garbis A. , Dobkin Patricia L. , Malleson Pete , DuffY Ciarán M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveHealth care providers in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) might refer to caregivers' self‐report of children's treatment‐related behaviors to assist in clinical decisions. However, caregivers may believe that they are adhering to treatment even though they have a different understanding of recommendations than that intended by the medical team. We examined whether caregiver recall of children's JIA treatment matched actual recommendations at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.MethodsA total of 235 primary caregivers were recruited from rheumatology clinics at 2 pediatric university–based teaching hospitals in Canada. Using the Parent Adherence Report Questionnaire, caregivers indicated whether their child was prescribed medications and/or exercises. Medical charts were reviewed to determine the prescribed treatment. Level of agreement between both sets of data was then examined.ResultsA total of 175 caregivers provided complete data. Mean age of the children was 10.2 years (68.6% girls); 44.6% were diagnosed with oligoarthritis. Kappa coefficients for medication represented substantial to almost perfect agreement beyond chance, with better levels of agreement at 12 months (κ = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.68, 0.94) than at baseline (κ = 0.61, 95% CI 0.47, 0.76). Kappa coefficients for exercise represented slight to moderate agreement beyond chance, with better agreement at 12 months (κ = 0.44, 95% CI 0.24, 0.63) than at baseline (κ = 0.27, 95% CI 0.08, 0.47).ConclusionWeaker agreement for the exercise regimen raises concern that caregivers may pay less attention to exercise recommendations or that these recommendations may not be easily understood.
A proposed revision to the ACR20: The hybrid measure of American College of Rheumatology response
Authors: Felson David ,   American College of Rheumatology Committee to Reevaluate Improvement Criteria
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveAlthough use of the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) has standardized response measurement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) trials, the ACR20 has been criticized as less sensitive to change than are continuous measures of response, and its threshold for response (≥20%) is thought to be low. Our goal was to redefine response in RA in a manner that 1) corresponds to a clinical impression of response (clinical validity), 2) maximizes sensitivity to change, and 3) allows for calculation of the ACR20 to continue standardization of reporting.MethodsWe examined multiple different ways of defining response, including dichotomous definitions (patient improved versus not improved), ordinal definitions (degree of response scored on an ordinal scale), disease activity indexes, continuous definitions, and definitions that were hybrids of continuous and ordinal measures. Candidate definitions included the ACR20, ACR50, ACR70, the Disease Activity Score, the Simplified Disease Activity Index, the ACR‐N, the nACR, and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response. We also tested variations on these approaches. To test clinical validity, we administered a survey involving patients from a previous trial who had various levels of improvement and asked rheumatologists whether and by how much these patients improved. To determine sensitivity to change, we collected data from 11 large multicenter trials of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in RA comprising 3,665 patients (7 anti–tumor necrosis factor α arms, 4 conventional DMARD arms, 2 biologic arms) and ranked candidate definitions of response according to their average P value across trials in distinguishing active treatment from placebo or combination therapy versus single‐drug therapy.ResultsAll 135 tested measures had clinical validity based on survey responses, although dichotomous measures did not capture the range of responses (e.g., the ACR20 did not capture the extra clinical improvement between the ACR20 and the ACR50). In trial analyses, continuous measures had the best sensitivity to change. Among the best scoring measures was a hybrid measure that retained information on the ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 and combined that with the mean percent improvement in core set measures. When comparing 2 treatments, this hybrid measure had an average P value much lower than that for the ACR20. If a trial needed 200 patients to have 80% power (2‐sided α = 0.05) to detect a difference between treatments if it used the ACR20, the same trial would need 108 patients if the hybrid measure were used.ConclusionWe suggest use of a new hybrid measure of RA response that maximizes sensitivity to change, correlates well with rheumatologists' impressions of improvement, and preserves the ACR20.
Prevalence of subjective poor health symptoms associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields among university students
Authors: Mortazavi S.M.J. , Ahmadi J. , Shariati M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe number of people complaining about different symptoms that may be associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has increased rapidly during past years. Students use both mobile phones and video display terminals frequently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of mobile phone use and EMF health hazards. Basic demographic data and self‐reported symptoms were sought using a questionnaire administered to all apparently healthy students at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) and Vali‐e‐Asr University (VAU). Questions about some major confounding factors such as age, gender, amount of video display terminal work were also included. Exact Fischer Test was used for data analysis. Among self‐reported symptoms, headache (53.5%), fatigue (35.6%), difficulties in concentration (32.5%), vertigo/dizziness (30.4%), attention disorders (28.8%), nervousness (28.1%), palpitation (14.7%), low back pain (14.3%), myalgia (12.4%), and tinnitus (9.9%) were the main self‐reported symptoms. No significant differences in the prevalence of these symptoms were found between CRT users and those who did not use CRTs. A significant association was found between cordless phone use and difficulties in concentration (P < .05) or attention disorders (P < .05). However, after correction of the gender role, these differences were not significant. No association was found between mobile phone use and the above‐mentioned symptoms. No significantly higher prevalence of self‐reported symptoms was found in individuals who had used mobile phones, video display terminals or cordless phones more frequently than others. Mass‐media's lack of interest in the possible hazards of exposure to EMF in developing countries can explain the difference observed between the results of this study and those of other researchers in some developed countries who have shown an association between EMF exposure and the prevalence of self‐reported subjective symptoms. This finding can confirm the results obtained in provocative studies which indicated the role of psychological factors in electromagnetic hypersensitivity. More research is needed to clarify whether daily environmental EMF may cause health problems. Bioelectromagnetics 28:326–330, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tragfähigkeit von Spannbeton‐Fertigdecken aus Plattenbauten der DDR und deren mögliche Wiederverwendung als Massivdach
Authors: Avak Ralf , Schwuchow Ronald 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIm Zuge des “Stadtumbau Ost” werden zahlreiche Gebäude“zurückgebaut”, die in Plattenbauweise errichtet wurden. Neben ökonomischen Erwägungen sollten im Sinne nachhaltigen Wirtschaftens auch Wiederverwendungsmöglichkeiten von Teilen dieser Bauwerke betrachtet werden. Um nicht an die vorhandenen Geometrien gebunden zu sein, wird geprüft, inwieweit sich die Randbedingungen bei der Wiederverwendung ändern können. Es wird über Versuche an Spannbetondeckenplatten berichtet, bei denen die wirksame Querzugbewehrung im Auflagerbereich durch Kürzung der Platten wegfällt und demzufolge auftretende Querzugspannungen vom Beton zu übernehmen sind.
Versuche an Fahrbahnübergängen mit Fuse‐Elementen für Erdbebenbelastungen
Authors: Fink Josef , Wahlberg Henrik , Hoffmann Simon , Hofer Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDie Rion‐Antirion Brücke nördlich von Patras, Griechenland, wurde im Sommer 2006 durch die fib als besonders bedeutsames Ingenieurbauwerk aufgrund zahlreicher innovativer Leistungen ausgezeichnet: Das außergewöhnliche Konzept dieser Schrägseilbrücke erforderte neben vielen anderen Neuerungen, auch die bisherige Funktion von Fahrbahnübergängen neu zu überdenken. Hierbei galt es, nicht nur eine technische, sondern auch die wirtschaftlichste Lösung für Bewegungen von insgesamt 2,48 m im Service‐ und 5,01 m im Erdbebenlastfall in Längsrichtung, sowie Bewegungen in Querrichtung zu finden. Der Bericht zeigt, wie die Lösung mittels Fuse‐Elementen im Sinne eines “Performance Based Design” in Erdbebensimulationen in ihrer Funktion bestätigt werden konnte. Anhand einer Versuchsserie an einer modularen Dehnfuge mit Schwenktraversen im Maßstab 1:1 wurden die Auslösemechanismen der Sollbruchstellen der Fuse‐Elemente unter Einwirkung einer realen Erdbebenbeanspruchung untersucht. Die Versuche im Rahmen des Europäischen Forschungsprojektes “ECOLEADER” wurden an der Versuchsanstalt CESI S.p.A. Area ISMES in Seriate bei Bergamo, Italien, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Herstellerfirma Maurer Söhne in München und dem Institut für Stahlbau, Holzbau und Mischbautechnologie der Universität Innsbruck durchgeführt.