bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Available-Water Capacity of Barbados Soils
Authors: Hudson J. C. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryLarge soil monoliths, extracted undisturbed in 44-gallon oil drums, have been used to assess the available-water capacity, and the relation between the growth of sugarcane and soil water deficit for agricultural soils in Barbados. Constancy of field capacity was studied and the effect of cultivation on the storage of available soil water. Deep montmorillonite clays and oceanic soils had storage capacities greater than 20 cm. of water in an 80 cm. profile, whereas sandy or stony montmorillonite clays and most soils developed from kaolinite clays had capacities less than 11 cm. Cultivation significantly increased the water holding capacity of soils but this was rarely as great as for fabricated composts and the water was never so freely available. The data have been used in decisions about cultivation and irrigation, and as the basis for an ecological grouping of sugar estates according to their probable water balance.
Effects of Sea Water on Growth of Reyong-20 Rice in Malaysia
Authors: Kathirgamaraj Sivanadyan , Williams C. N. , Joseph K. T. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryPot experiments with Malaysian rice variety Reyong-20 showed that sea water supplied at a concentration of 3 per cent increased yields of both grain and straw; a 6 per cent solution increased straw but not grain yields; yields were depressed at 9 and 12 per cent but tolerance of higher concentrations of sea water increased with age of the plants.
Long-Term Effects of Fertilizers and Manure on Soil and Leaves of Cotton in Nigeria
Authors: Bache B. W. , Heathcote R. G. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryOn a site in the Sudan Savanna, chemical properties of soils (except for phosphate) and the composition of cotton leaves were determined after fifteen annual treatments including dung, ammonium sulphate, single superphosphate and potassium chloride, in all combinations of three levels. In the soils dung increased C, N, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca and Mg and pH, and decreased soluble Al and Mn; ammonium sulphate decreased pH, increased soluble Al and Mn, and decreased exchangeable Ca and Mg; potassium chloride had no obvious effects. In the plants dung increased P and reduced Mn; ammonium sulphate reduced Ca and Mg, and increased Mn; superphosphate increased P, Ca and Mg, and reduced K; potassium chloride increased K slightly. The most important results were the ability of ammonium sulphate to acidify the soil, as shown by soil properties and reflected in tissue composition, and the ability of dung to ameliorate these effects. Reduction of crop yield in the presence of adequate nutrient supply seems to have been due to excessive soil acidity.
Pod Development and Germination of Bhindi (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Authors: Manohar Man Singh 
Published: October 2008

SummaryPods of bhindi (Abelmoschus esculentus) developed most rapidly for the first 11 days after the opening of bhindi flowers, after which development slowed down. Seeds matured in about 21 days after flower opening and attained up to 97 per cent germinability. Water potentials lower than −500 joules/kg. in the germination medium adversely affected germination of bhindi seeds. Seeds up to two years old but of > 1 density (i.e. those which sink in water) germinated better than lighter seeds which float.
Coffee Berry Disease: Epidemiology in Relation to Control
Authors: Nutman F. J. , Roberts F. M. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryIn many instances measures developed for the control of coffee berry disease in East Africa have become less effective since 1961. Changes in the flowering and fruiting patterns of the coffee tree have recently become evident, ascribed in part to the onset of a wetter and cooler climatic cycle in 1961–62, and in part to the effect of the disease itself which, by removing crop, stimulates out-of-season flowering. Consequently, instead of a single main crop in which susceptible and highly infective ripe berries are present for a short time only, a series of over-lapping crops results in ripe berries being on the trees for most of the year. This has changed the disease epidemiology: formerly the main source of infection was conidia from the maturing wood, but now conidia from the berries are often predominant. This has greatly affected the efficiency of control measures, and means are suggested for restoring the previous situation.
Leguminous Cover Crops for Maintaining Soil Fertility in Sisal in Tanzania I. Effects on Growth and Yield
Authors: Hopkinson D. 
Published: October 2008

SummarySisal was grown in double rows with broad-interrow covers of Pueraria phaseoloides, controlled volunteer vegetation or clean weeding. Clean weeding gave the best yield over one cycle, but Pueraria cover was best in the second cycle. Pueraria was better than volunteer vegetation in all trials, with the greatest margin on soils low in nitrogen, or where there were pernicious weeds. On an exhausted soil, sisal with a Pueraria cover responded to fertilizer nitrogen applied in the early or late part of the cycle. Manuring sisal growing with a volunteer vegetation cover with 50 tons sisal waste/ha. improved growth to the same extent as replacing the cover with one of Pueraria. In the absence of manures, yields declined from cycle to cycle with all the covers. At the level of manuring which maintained yields with a volunteer vegetation cover, yields declined slightly with clean cultivation, and improved considerably with a Pueraria cover.
Effects of Environment and Cultural Conditions on Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium in Coffee Leaves
Authors: Robinson J. B. D. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryPotassium, calcium and magnesium in coffee leaves are presented as total K + Ca + Mg in dry matter and as percentages (proportions) of this sum. Brazilian coffee and leaf samples collected in different parts of Kenya generally fell within the normal ranges of values reported from the Kivu area in the Congo Republic. Data for Kenya coffee leaves are examined for the influence of season, cultural treatments such as organic mulch and fertilizers, and cropping level, on the concentration and balance of the nutrients.
Preliminary Investigations into the use of Systemics for Control of Red Ring Disease of Coconuts
Authors: Hoyle J. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTrials were carried out to ascertain which of four systemic insecticide/nematicides were absorbed by young coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) using three different methods of application. Stem injection of Bidrin and Nemacur are impractical because the chemicals break down too quickly and frequent retreatment would result in too much physical damage to the young trees. Lannate was not absorbed from leaf axil placement, and broke down too quickly when absorbed from the soil to be of practical use. Nemacur was not absorbed through the leaf axil, but was from the soil and lasted up to 14 weeks in the plant. Temik, absorbed both through the leaf axil and from the soil, lasted up to 14 weeks. The possibility of controlling red ring disease of coconuts with Nemacur or Temik is considered.
Effects of Time and Method of Applying Nitrogen to Dwarf Wheats
Authors: Jain N. K. , Maurya D. P. , Singh H. P. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYLinear regression of grain and straw yield of dwarf wheats on level of fertilizer nitrogen was significant, but the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen was determined by the time and method of its application. A single application as a basal dressing was the least productive for grain yield, while split fertilization at sowing and at first irrigation increased the efficiency of applied nitrogen. Further splitting in three doses did not benefit wheat. Foliar application of nitrogen to replace top dressing at the heading stage was of no advantage while replacement of a top dressing at first irrigation by urea spray at heading was definitely deleterious.
Variability in Commercial Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea Batatas—L. Lam) in Trinidad
Authors: Haynes P. H. , Wholey D. W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe variation in number and yield of tubers from three commercial fields of sweet potato was measured over three seasons. Sources of variation were attributed to factors external to the plant, such as soil, management and climatic differences, and to inherent plant factors, including type of planting material. It is suggested that a reduction in variability could lead to increases in productivity, and may also increase the precision of field experimentation.
Responses of a Semi-dwarf Wheat to Temperatures Representing a Tropical Dry Season. I. Non-Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Owen P. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYUnder controlled environment conditions a semi-dwarf wheat, Mexico 120, was subjected to day temperatures of 32 and 27°C, with night temperatures of 21 or 16°C, which are similar to those occurring for a large part of the dry (winter) season of the Ord River valley area of northern Australia. Temperature differences imposed only during the 23 days between sowing and floral initiation produced effects which persisted throughout later growth, when all plants were grown under one temperature regime. The effects of temperature differences before floral initiation were greater than those of similar temperature differences imposed after ear emergence began. The maximum temperatures occurring even in the coolest months probably limit maximum potential grain yields in an environment similar to that of the Ord River valley.
Responses of a Semi-dwarf Wheat to Temperatures Representing a Tropical Dry Season. II. Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Owen P. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYUnder controlled environment conditions a semi-dwarf wheat, Mexico 120, was subjected to temperature regimes representative of the extremes that occur during the dry (winter) season of the Ord River valley in northern Australia. High temperatures (35°C by day: 18°C by night) such as occur at the beginning and end of the dry season were compared with low temperatures (30°C by day: 13°C by night) such as occur in mid-season. Day length was constant at 12 hours. High temperatures from floral initiation onwards adversely affected floret development, and after ear emergence reduced grain filling to nil. Net assimilation rates were reduced by high temperatures. Major effects on yields were caused by high temperatures well before anthesis. The critical temperature after anthesis is apparently between 32° and 35°C.
Effects of Fruiting, Defoliation and Ring-Barking on the Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter in Branches of Coffea Arabica L. in Kenya
Authors: Cannell M. G. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYWhole branches were removed from trees in the field, at regular intervals, to follow the increase in dry weight of fruits and new vegetative growth. Information on the partition of carbohydrates was gained by comparing the growth of untreated, defoliated, de-blossomed and ring-barked branches. Untreated branches increased in weight rapidly when their fruits began to expand, probably because they imported carbohydrates, and their net photosynthetic capacity increased. More young fruits were shed from defoliated than from untreated branches, thus partially compensating for loss of leaf. Non-fruiting, and sometimes fruiting, branches exported a considerable amount of assimilate during the dry seasons, when the trunk-root system was a relatively important dry matter sink. When there were many fruitless branches on fruiting trees, the fruiting branches imported carbohydrates from them during the whole period of fruit growth, whereas fruitless branches imported carbohydrates only when there was a ‘flush’ of shoot growth.
Border Effects in Rice Experimental Plots I. Unplanted Borders
Authors: Gomez Kwanchai A. , De Datta S. K. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn experiments with transplanted rice, the first row next to the unplanted alley consistently gave significantly higher grain yields than the centre rows. The increase was progressively higher as the width of the unplanted alley between plots was increased up to 100 cm., but where the increase was very large, yields of the second outermost row were significantly decreased. No evidence was found that border effects reach beyond the second outermost row. Varieties that differed in tillering capacity, plant height, or both responded differently to the unplanted borders.
Losses of Nitrogen from Urea in Some Soils of East Pakistan
Authors: Khan D. H. , Rashid G. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAn appreciable loss of gaseous N from added urea was recorded in two sub-tropical soils of East Pakistan under laboratory controlled conditions, markedly accentuated by the presence of decomposable organic materials which increased ammonification and tended to decrease nitrate accumulation. The addition of bonemeal to the soils had little effect.
Some Micronutrient Deficiencies in Sisal (Agave Sisalana)
Authors: Pinkerton A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYVisual symptoms of deficiencies of manganese, copper, zinc, iron, molybdenum and boron on sisal are described, and compared with those observed previously with deficiencies of macronutrients. The diagnostic value of symptoms is discussed, and tentative suggestions made for micronutrient concentrations in leaves for adequacy and deficiency.
The Root Nodulation of Tall and Dwarf Peas and Beans
Authors: Masefield G. B. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYObservations on the relative degree of root nodulation were made for three successive years on tall and short cultivars of Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris sown at dates appropriate to each cultivar and grown under conditions of ordinary horticultural practice. In P. sativum, it was found that the shorter the cultivar, the greater were the number and weight of nodules per plant and the weight of nodules as a percentage of plant weight; dwarf cultivars also produced a greater weight of nodules per square metre of ground occupied and per square metre per day of crop growth. In Ph. vulgaris, differences in number and weight of nodules per plant between dwarf and climbing cultivars were not consistent between years. In a single comparison between Ph. uulgaris and Ph. multiflorus (scarlet runner beans), numbers and weights of nodules per plant were almost identical. Some agronomic implications of these findings are discussed.
Productivity of the Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Malaysia
Authors: Corley R. H. V. , Gray B. S. , Kee Ng Siew 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYCrop Growth Rate, Leaf Area Index, Net Assimilation Rate and Harvest Index were estimated for oil palms in nine age groups growing on coastal alluvial soils in Malaysia. The mean Crop Growth Rate of mature palms was 29·83 t./ha./yr, with a Leaf Area Index of 3·61, and Net Assimilation Rate was 0·16 gm./dm.2/wk. Photosynthetic efficiency was about 2·2 per cent. Oil constituted about 17 per cent of total dry matter production. Possibilities for improving the yield of oil are briefly discussed.
Breeding Tomatoes for Resistance to Leaf Mould (Cladosporium fulvum) in Western Nigeria
Authors: Bliss F. A. , Arny D. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYSeedling tests for reaction of tomato cultivars to leaf mould (Cladosporium fulvum) showed that a single race 1·3, or a mixture of races 1 and 3, was present at four sites in the Western State of Nigeria sampled at different times during 1967 and 1968. Vetomold, Vantage, Vinequeen, Astronaut, Floradel, and Tarran were immune and Purdue 135 was resistant. Genetic tests showed that theCf2, gene conditioned immunity and that theCf4gene provided resistance.
Effects of Pollination on Set and Growth of Summer Squash (Cucumis pepo) in Israel
Authors: Globerson D. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of pollination on set and growth of summer squash var. Zucchini were investigated. In winter, parthenocarpic fruits developed and pollination had no effect, but in summer only pollinated fruits continued to grow. Partial pollination in summer caused ovary abortion of some fruits, and a reduced rate of fruit growth in those which continued to grow. The ovary was 8·8 cm. long at anthesis in winter but only 8·2 cm. long in summer.
Mineralization of Soil Nitrogen at a Savanna Site in Nigeria
Authors: Wild A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe mineral N (NH4 + NO8) in soils at a savanna site was low at the time of crop planting except after groundnuts and when dung had been used. Nitrification occurred whatever the previous crop, but the numbers of nitrifying bacteria were small and varied with the level of substrate ammonium.
Studies on White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) II. Changes in Nutrient Content with Age
Authors: Sobulo R. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYVariation in the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of a variety of white yam, grown without fertilizer, and the nutrients removed per acre by various portions of the plant, were determined. The time to apply fertilizers, and the most suitable portion of the plant for foliar analysis, were deduced from the changes in nutrients with age. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield, and the nutrient content of the harvested tuber, were studied. The influence of a yam crop in a rotation is discussed.
Overhead Application of Fungicide for the Control of Coffee Berry Disease
Authors: Pereira J. L. , Mapother H. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYComparison of an overhead boom sprayer (Monica Mist) with a conventional air-assisted sprayer (Conomist) showed that the former gave relatively poor cover, but control of coffee berry disease (CBD) was equally good with both machines. It is suggested that the success of overhead spraying is dependent upon effective redistribution of fungicide within the tree canopy during rain.
Effects of Pod Maturity on Bean Development, Viability, Mucilage Content and Seedling Vigour in Cacao
Authors: Adenikinju S. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYHand-pollinated pods of the Crin Elite establishment cocoa progeny C77 X C23 showed that pod maturity, based on pod age, significantly affected bean viability as well as leaf area, leaf number, plant height and plant girth of the seedlings produced. Beans extracted from immature unripe cocoa pods only 15 weeks from hand-pollination were more than 50 per cent viable and produced seedlings vigorous enough for transplanting to the field after 20 weeks in the nursery compared with beans from 25-week-old normal, mature-ripe cocoa pods. Loss by black pod disease (Phytopthora palmivora Butl) could therefore be avoided and time of waiting for pods to attain normal maturity and ripening saved, by early harvesting.
Persistence of Gamma BHC (Lindane) and Malathion Residues on Fruits of Bhindi (Abelmoschus esculantus L.) under Indian Conditions
Authors: Kavadia V. S. , Gupta H. C. L. , Jain P. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe persistence of residues of gamma BHC and malathion on bhindi fruits was estimated by bioassay using 1-day-old male Drosophila flies. Although the initial deposits were heavy, they dissipated quickly, with half-lives of approximately 4 and 2 days for gamma BHC and malathion respectively.
Aflatoxin in Haricot Bean and Other Pulses
Authors: Habish H. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAflatoxin was found in forty-one out of seventy-four samples of various pulses, whereasAspergillus flavusoccurred in all samples, and there was an apparent correlation between the occurrence of the fungus and the level of the toxin in haricot beans. There was evidence that the toxin was produced in haricot beans after harvest, and drying the pods immediately after harvest is therefore suggested as a method of controlling mould growth and the formation of aflatoxin.
Intercropping with Sorghum in Nigeria
Authors: Andrews D. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAt Samaru (11° 10′N, 7° 39′E) the growing season for rain-fed annual crops is 180 to 200days. Sole cropping, relay cropping and intercropping of long season sorghum, early millet or maize and late planted cowpeas were evaluated for most effective use of this period, all crops being cultivated mechanically. Relay cropping and intercropping gave 59 and 80 per cent more return per acre respectively than a sole crop of sorghum, the increases coming mainly from higher cereal yields. Some criteria applicable to intercropping are recognized.
White Stripe Disorder of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Malaysia
Authors: Rajaratnam J. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYOil palms with white stripe have greatly reduced yields. In the chlorotic areas of the leaflets, columnar palisade cells fail to develop and there is a reduction in air-space volume of the spongy mesophyll. Leaf area and photosynthetic activity are also reduced. Recovery of palms showing symptoms was spasmodic. The condition is discussed in relation to boron, to N/K ratio, polyphenols and availability of photosynthate.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth, Composition and Yield of Upland and Lowland Taro (Colocasia esculenta)
Authors: de la Pena Ramon S. , Plucknett Donald L. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth, nutrient uptake and yields of upland and lowland taro were studied on the island of Kauai, applying o, 280, 560 and 1120 kg./ha. N. Nitrogen concentrations of upland and lowland taro leaves were significantly correlated with yields, although regression analysis showed that per cent N in both blades and petioles decreased with age. Higher yields were obtained from the lowland than from the upland crop, regardless of amounts of N fertilizer applied. The highest yield obtained from lowland taro was at 1120 kg./ha. N harvested at fifteen months (57·6 tons/ha.) and from upland taro the highest yield was obtained at 560 kg./ha. N harvested also at fifteen months (25·5 tons/ha.).
Effects of Soil and Management Factors on Fertilizer Responses and Yield of Irrigated Wheat in Iran
Authors: Abraham T. P. , Hoobakht A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe yield data obtained from fertilizer experiments conducted at 195 locations for three years were examined to study the relations between yield, response to nitrogen and phosphorus, soil test values, and number of irrigations, using multiple regression technique. Irrigation accounted for 20–36 per cent of the yield variation, whereas soil factors did not show appreciable effects. Nitrogen response was influenced by irrigation, while some soil factors affected response to phosphorus.
Effects of Night Temperature on Growth and Development of IR8 Rice
Authors: Owen P. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYUnder controlled environment conditions rice variety IR8 was subjected to night temperatures of 15, 20 and 25°C during each of the three periods (a) sowing to floral initiation, (b) initiation to panicle emergence, and (c) panicle emergence to maturity, with day temperatures of 30°C throughout. Night temperatures of 15°C prevented floral initiation throughout the experiment, an effect partly overcome by transfer to higher temperatures after 102 days but not without yield loss. The optimum night temperature was 20–25°C, with some evidence of change of temperature effects, as distinct from the effect of actual temperature levels. As IR8 was developed under relatively stress-free conditions, its sensitivity to temperatures below 15°C may be greater than in varieties developed elsewhere.
Heterosis for Grain Yield and its Components in Spring Wheat Crosses
Authors: Chowdhry A. Rehman , Mohammad Amir , Qazi Mohammad Zarif 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTen wheat crosses between tall local varieties C228 and C591, a short local variety C271, and short Mexican varieties Penjamo, Nainari 60, Pitic 62 and Sonora 64, were field-tested under irrigation for heterosis for plant height, grain yield, spikes per plant and kernels per spike. Heterosis occurred to a greater degree for the last three attributes in some of the crosses, with the greatest heterotic expression in crosses involving Penjamo and Pitic 62 and the local variety C591.