bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic Signaling of the Plant Nitrogen Status Triggers Specific Transcriptome Responses Depending on the Nitrogen Source in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Ruffel Sandrine , Freixes Sandra , Balzergue Sandrine , Tillard Pascal , Jeudy Christian , Martin-Magniette Marie Laure , van der Merwe Margaretha J. , Kakar Klementina , Gouzy Jerôme , Fernie Alisdair R. , Udvardi Michael , Salon Christophe , Gojon Alain , Lepetit Marc 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Legumes can acquire nitrogen (N) from NO3 −, NH4 +, and N2 (through symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria); however, the mechanisms by which uptake and assimilation of these N forms are coordinately regulated to match the N demand of the plant are currently unknown. Here, we find by use of the split-root approach in Medicago truncatula plants that NO3 − uptake, NH4 + uptake, and N2 fixation are under general control by systemic signaling of plant N status. Indeed, irrespective of the nature of the N source, N acquisition by one side of the root system is repressed by high N supply to the other side. Transcriptome analysis facilitated the identification of over 3,000 genes that were regulated by systemic signaling of the plant N status. However, detailed scrutiny of the data revealed that the observation of differential gene expression was highly dependent on the N source. Localized N starvation results, in the unstarved roots of the same plant, in a strong compensatory up-regulation of NO3 − uptake but not of either NH4 + uptake or N2 fixation. This indicates that the three N acquisition pathways do not always respond similarly to a change in plant N status. When taken together, these data indicate that although systemic signals of N status control root N acquisition, the regulatory gene networks targeted by these signals, as well as the functional response of the N acquisition systems, are predominantly determined by the nature of the N source.
Control of Compound Leaf Development byFLORICAULA/LEAFYOrthologSINGLE LEAFLET1inMedicago truncatula
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Chen Jianghua , Wen Jiangqi , Tadege Million , Li Guangming , Liu Yu , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Ratet Pascal , Chen Rujin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMolecular genetic studies suggest that FLORICAULA (FLO)/LEAFY (LFY) orthologs function to control compound leaf development in some legume species. However, loss-of-function mutations in the FLO/LFY orthologs result in reduction of leaf complexity to different degrees in Pisum sativum and Lotus japonicus. To further understand the role of FLO/LFY orthologs in compound leaf development in legumes, we studied compound leaf developmental processes and characterized a leaf development mutant, single leaflet1 (sgl1), from the model legume Medicago truncatula. The sgl1 mutants exhibited strong defects in compound leaf development; all adult leaves in sgl1 mutants are simple due to failure in initiating lateral leaflet primordia. In addition, the sgl1 mutants are also defective in floral development, producing inflorescence-like structures. Molecular cloning of SGL1 revealed that it encodes the M. truncatula FLO/LFY ortholog. When properly expressed, LFY rescued both floral and compound leaf defects of sgl1 mutants, indicating that LFY can functionally substitute SGL1 in compound leaf and floral organ development in M. truncatula. We show that SGL1 and LFY differed in their promoter activities. Although the SGL1 genomic sequence completely rescued floral defects of lfy mutants, it failed to alter the simple leaf structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that initiation of lateral leaflet primordia required for compound leaf development involves regulatory processes mediated by the SGL1 function in M. truncatula.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells are efficiently killed by an anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody selected for improved engagement of FcγRIIIA/CD16
Authors: De Romeuf Christophe , Dutertre Charles‐Antoine , Le Garff‐Tavernier Magali , Fournier Nathalie , Gaucher Christine , Glacet Arnaud , Jorieux Sylvie , Bihoreau Nicolas , Behrens Christian K. , Béliard Roland , Vieillard Vincent , Cazin Bruno , Bourel Dominique , Prost Jean‐François , Teillaud Jean‐Luc , Merle‐Béral Hélène 
Published: February 2008

SummaryPatients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) treated with a combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab show a high response rate. However, only a poor response is observed following rituximab monotherapy. The use of chemo‐immunotherapy is often associated with haematological and infectious complications. Thus, an antibody with an enhanced ability to kill CLL cells could lead to better clinical responses to antibody monotherapy and the possibility of lowering drug doses during chemo‐immunotherapy. We generated a chimeric anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), EMAB‐6, which has a low fucose content. Apoptosis and complement activities for EMAB‐6 were similar to those seen for rituximab. By contrast, EMAB‐6 mAb showed improved Fcγ receptor IIIA (FcγRIIIA)/CD16 binding and FcγRIIIA‐dependent effector functions. It induced a higher in vitro antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity against CLL cells and a higher FcγRIIIA‐mediated interleukin‐2 production by FcγRIIIA+ Jurkat cells in the presence of CLL cells at both low and maximally saturating concentrations. Comparative studies between CLL and lymphoma cells coated with EMAB‐6 or rituximab indicated that the difference of efficacy was more pronounced at low doses and when target cells expressed fewer CD20 molecules. Thus, EMAB‐6 mAb represents a promising drug candidate for the treatment of CLL by inducing a strong cytotoxicity against tumour cells that express low CD20 levels.
A polymorphism in the NPPA gene associates with asthma
Authors: Lima J. J. , Mohapatra S. , Feng H. , Lockey R. , Jena P. K. , Castro M. , Irvin C. , Johnson J. A. , Wang J. , Sylvester J. E. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryBackground
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays an important role in the lung and in augmenting allergic inflammation in asthma. The gene encoding ANP, NPPA, is located on chromosome 1p36, a region that has been linked to asthma.Objectives
Determine associations between asthma and four common SNPs on the NPPA gene: C/G (rs13305986) in the promoter; G/A (rs5063) in Exon 1 resulting in NPPAMet32→Val substitution; T/C (rs5065) in Exon 3 resulting in an Arg152→Ter substitution; and T/C in the 3′UT region (rs5067).Methods
A case–control design was used in White participants. The screening cohort consisted of 336 asthmatic cases who participated in a large clinical trial and 154, non‐asthmatic controls. The replicate cohort consisted of 172 asthmatic cases from a second clinical trial and 115 healthy controls. Demographic characteristics were well matched for cases and controls in the screening cohort. Adjusted (age, gender, body mass index) odds ratio (OR) were calculated by χ2 and logistic regression; a P‐value of 0.0167 defined the threshold of significance.Results
The C allele of rs5067 was associated with asthma in the screening and replicate cohorts: adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) 0.5 (0.29–0.84; P=0.009) and 0.24 (0.11–0.53; P<0.0001), respectively. The C allele of rs5065 was associated with asthma in the screening cohort but not in the replicate. The population‐attributable risk for asthma in carriers of the C allele for rs5067 was 23.3%.Conclusions
For rs5067, the risks of asthma in carriers of the C allele in the screening and replicate cohorts were reduced by 50% and 76%, respectively. NPPA may be an important susceptibility gene for asthma.
Empirical modelling of lake water‐temperature relationships: a comparison of approaches
Authors: SHARMA SAPNA , WALKER STEVEN C. , JACKSON DONALD A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. As a result of the role that temperature plays in many aquatic processes, good predictive models of annual maximum near‐surface lake water temperature across large spatial scales are needed, particularly given concerns regarding climate change. Comparisons of suitable modelling approaches are required to determine their relative merit and suitability for providing good predictions of current conditions. We developed models predicting annual maximum near‐surface lake water temperatures for lakes across Canada using four statistical approaches: multiple regression, regression tree, artificial neural networks and Bayesian multiple regression.2. Annual maximum near‐surface (from 0 to 2 m) lake water‐temperature data were obtained for more than 13 000 lakes and were matched to geographic, climatic, lake morphology, physical habitat and water chemistry data. We modelled 2348 lakes and three subsets thereof encompassing different spatial scales and predictor variables to identify the relative importance of these variables at predicting lake temperature.3. Although artificial neural networks were marginally better for three of the four data sets, multiple regression was considered to provide the best solution based on the combination of model performance and computational complexity. Climatic variables and date of sampling were the most important variables for predicting water temperature in our models.4. Lake morphology did not play a substantial role in predicting lake temperature across any of the spatial scales. Maximum near‐surface temperatures for Canadian lakes appeared to be dominated by large‐scale climatic and geographic patterns, rather than lake‐specific variables, such as lake morphology and water chemistry.
Sequential colonization by river periphyton analysed by microscopy and molecular fingerprinting
Authors: SZABÓ KATALIN É. , MAKK JUDIT , KISS KEVE TIHAMÉR , EILER ALEXANDER , ÁCS ÉVA , TÓTH BENCE , KISS ÁRON KEVE , BERTILSSON STEFAN 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. An artificial glass substratum was incubated in the River Danube for a period of 28 days in order to detect the sequential colonization of microorganisms.2. Light and fluorescent microscopy showed that microalgae and the picoalgal fraction on the slides increased rapidly over the first 2 weeks of colonization. Diatoms were numerically the most abundant component of the periphyton and their species richness and diversity increased rapidly in the early phase of colonization whereas diversity subsequently increased moderately.3. Evenness of the diatom community was initially high, lower in the intermediate phase and again higher later on. Succession involving early, intermediate and late colonizer species was observed. Community composition during the first 5 days of colonization was very different from later stages whereas there were only minor changes subsequently.4. Molecular community analysis by means of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR amplified 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes pointed to even larger differences between the composition of samples obtained early and late in the period.5. The number of 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA terminal restriction fragments (T‐RF‐s) was variable over the colonization period and the fragment patterns of both the bacterial and eukaryotic portion of the microbial community were variable, with most T‐RF‐s unique to a single sample, suggesting a wide diversity and dynamic properties of periphytic organisms.
Do stream macroinvertebrates use instream refugia in response to severe short‐term flow reduction in New Zealand streams?
Authors: JAMES ALEXANDER B.W. , DEWSON ZOË S. , DEATH RUSSELL G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. Demand for water is increasing and water managers need to know how much they can remove from a stream before there are significant detrimental effects on its biological integrity. Flow reduction alters a number of habitat variables known to be important to aquatic invertebrates such as depth, velocity, temperature and fine sediment accumulation. Some taxa may attempt to use instream refugia to mitigate the effects of flow reduction.2. We experimentally manipulated flows by constructing weirs and diversions in three small New Zealand streams. Discharge was reduced by 88–96%. We tested the hypothesis that macroinvertebrates would use pools and the hyporheic zone as refugia during short‐term (1‐month) periods of reduced flow.3. We sampled hyporheic invertebrates with colonization chambers and pool invertebrates with kick nets within a before‐after, control‐impact (BACI) experimental design. A suite of physicochemical parameters was measured concurrently including surface and hyporheic temperatures.4. Flow reduction significantly decreased velocity (60–69%) in all streams. Depth (18–61%) and wetted width (24–31%) tended to decrease but these changes were not always significant. Sediment cover increased the most in farmland streams (10–80%). Apart from decreasing temperature range (18–26%), flow reduction had little impact on the surface water temperatures.5. Flow reduction had no impact on the abundance of common pool macroinvertebrates or on the abundance, vertical distribution or community composition of hyporheic macroinvertebrates.6. Our results suggest that aquatic macroinvertebrates are resistant to short‐term, severe flow reduction as long as some water remains.
Evaluation of Listeria innocua as a suitable indicator for replacing Listeria monocytogenes during ripening of Camembert cheese
Authors: Liu Shaowei , Puri Virenda M. , Demirci Ali 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe suitability of Listeria innocua for use as an indicator for replacing Listeria monocytogenes during the cheese‐making and ripening of Camembert cheese was evaluated. Pasteurized whole milk inoculated with either L. innocua or L. monocytogenes was used to make Camembert cheese, which were ripened in three stages. All cheese was ripened in three stages: room temperature (∼20 °C) and relative humidity of 60% for 36 h; 12 °C and relative humidity of 93% for 2 weeks; and 7 °C and relative humidity of 85% for 3 weeks. Results showed that population values of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes on day 1 were 7.16 and 6.11 log10 CFU/g, respectively, which declined to 6.54 and 5.45 log10 CFU/g, respectively, during subsequent 20 days. Thereafter, L. innocua and L. monocytogenes populations increased to 7.38 and 6.06 log10 CFU/g on day 35 of ripening, respectively. During ripening, surface and interior of cheeses were analysed for populations of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes, respectively. The data were collected on day 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 of ripening. Generally, the growth of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes is faster in surface than in centre. Top centre, bottom centre and bottom surface locations had similar population values during ripening. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between batch and section of cheese. The ripening time and locations had significant effect (P < 0.05) on the survival and growth of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes. The trends of survival and growth of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes were similar. These results indicated that L. innocua can be considered as an indicator for L. monocytogenes during ripening of Camembert cheese.
Physicochemical, pasting and thermal properties of tuber starches as modified by guar gum and locust bean gum
Authors: Huang Chien‐Chun 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThis study was carried out in order to compare the functional characteristics of isolated starch from five tuber crops, yam, taro, sweet potato, yam bean and potato, as well as effect of guar gum (GG) and locust bean gum (LBG) on pasting and thermal properties of tuber starches. The results showed that total amylose content of five tested starches ranged from 17.85% to 30.36%. The results of pasting behaviour showed that potato starches exhibited the highest peak viscosity and yam starch presented a stable curve with little breakdown viscosity. Addition of GG and LBG resulted in a significant increase in peak, final viscosity, breakdown and setback viscosity for all tuber starches (P < 0.05), but a slight decrease in pasting temperature. The gelatinisation enthalpy (ΔH) for starches with GG and LBG was slightly lower than those of the starches alone in yam and sweet potato, but not in taro and yam bean.
A comparison of two instrumental techniques used to discriminate the cooking quality of spaghetti
Authors: Sissons Mike , Ames Nancy , Egan Narelle , Rhymer Camille 
Published: February 2008

SummaryPasta is a popular food whose quality can be measured by appearance, flavour and texture. Several instruments have been devised to measure texture but there is little comparative information. This study compared the TA.XT2i texture analyser with the viscoelastograph of thirty spaghetti samples. There was a high correlation between these instruments and good agreement in ranks. While both instruments provide comparable data it is not the same. Two laboratories used the texture analyser to measure cooked spaghetti firmness using their own procedures. There was good agreement in firmness, however; there were differences in the ranks for samples that fell between the extremes in firmness. We attributed these differences to variations in the instrument settings, cooking method and sample presentation used by the laboratories indicating the need to standardise the method. Using a standard method greatly improved the correspondence between the laboratories improving the r2 to 0.99 with excellent agreement in the ranking of ten samples.
Theory‐guided interventions for adaptation to heart failure
Authors: Bakan Gülcan , Akyol Asiye Durmaz 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  Theory‐guided interventions for adaptation to heart failure Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to examine the effects of a Roy Adaptation Model‐based experimental education, exercise and social support programme on adaptation in persons with heart failure.Background.  In the past 20 years, a large number of studies have evaluated heart failure. Several studies of other chronic diseases have been based on the Roy Adaptation Model and show that this approach is useful in promoting adaptation for patients.Method.  A randomized, parallel, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2005 with 43 patients (21 intervention and 22 control patients). A booklet for patient training was given to those in the intervention group. Participants received a patient identification form, assessment form for physiological data, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List and the 6‐Minute Walk Test.Results.  Patients in the intervention group adapted well to their condition and the four adaptive modes of Roy Adaptation Model were interrelated. Patients’ quality of life was enhanced, their functional capacities increased and social support within the interdependence dimension improved in patients in the intervention group.Conclusion.  This is the first study to use the Roy Adaptation Model in a study of patients with heart failure. Roy’s model is an effective guide for nursing practice when caring for patients with heart failure.
Disagreement and aggression in the operating theatre
Authors: Coe Richard , Gould Dinah 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  Disagreement and aggression in the operating theatre Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to determine the national spread of incidents of disagreement within and between professional groups in operating departments and the frequency of perceived aggressive behaviour demonstrated by operating department personnel.Background.  There is both anecdotal and empirical evidence supporting the idea of the operating team as the ultimate example of teamworking in health care. At the same time, international concern is expressed over the level of interprofessional conflict and aggression reported in operating departments. Such reports do not sit well with notions of excellence in teamwork as conceptualized by theorists.Method.  A questionnaire survey was designed, and sent to a random sample of National Health Service operating departments in England (n = 62) in 2002. Usable survey questionnaires were returned from 37 departments (response rate 59·6) and yielded 391 individual responses. Respondents included nurses (58%, n = 227), surgeons (9·7%, n = 38), anaesthetists (14·32%, n = 56) and operating department practitioners (17·9%, n = 70) of all grades.Findings.  Half of the respondents reported experiencing aggressive behaviour from consultant surgeons (53·4%, n = 209). Daily disagreements between nurses and consultants about list management were reported. Perceptions of lack of understanding of roles and shared goals for patient care between the professional groups were also reported. Similar reports were received from all geographical locations in the sample.Conclusion.  Further research is needed to conceptualize the complex nature of interprofessional working in operating theatres before steps can be taken to develop a less stressful and more efficient working environment.
Real nursing? The development of telenursing
Authors: Snooks Helen A. , Williams Anne M. , Griffiths Lesley J. , Peconi Julie , Rance Jaynie , Snelgrove Sharon , Sarangi Srikant , Wainwright Paul , Cheung Wai‐Yee 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  Real nursing? The development of telenursing Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to understand the impact of telenursing from the perspective of nurses involved in its provision, and in more traditional roles.Background.  Nurse‐led telephone helplines have recently been introduced across the United Kingdom, a major step in the development of nursing practice.Method.  A structured questionnaire was sent to all nurses working in the NHS Direct (National Health Service Direct) Wales telephone service (n = 111). Ninety‐two completed questionnaires were returned (response rate 83 per cent). Two focus groups were conducted: one with telephone service nurses (n = 8) and one with other nurses (n = 5). The data were collected in 2002.Findings.  Respondents represented a highly educated workforce from a range of healthcare specialties. They reported that they joined the telephone service for improved salary and flexible working. Two‐thirds reported improved job satisfaction. All focus group participants reported that the development of nursing skills was affected by the use of decision support software and the remote nature of the consultation. Participants reported opportunities for skill development, although the role could be stressful. All agreed that the service was popular with callers, but the nurses from outside raised concerns about whether telenursing was ‘real’ nursing and about the evidence base for the service and access by disadvantaged groups.Conclusion.  Differences between the groups reflect policy tensions between the need to develop new nursing skills, including the use of technology, to improve efficiency and recognition of the worth of hands‐on nursing. These tensions must be addressed for the telephone service to function as part of an integrated healthcare system.