bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational lung cancer among copper smelters
Authors: Kuratsune Masanori , Tokudome Shinkan , Shirakusa Takayuki , Yoshida Minoru , Tokumitsu Yukihiro , Hayano Takao , Seita Mieko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause a remarkably high lung cancer mortality rate was noted among males in a certain town, a case control study was carried out on the basis of mortality cards. The case group consisted of 19 males who died from lung cancer and the control group included 19 males who had died from diseases other than cancer of the lung, urinary bladder, and skin. The only significant difference between the groups was that 11 of the 19 who had died from lung cancer had been employed as smelters in a local copper refinery. Prolonged exposure to arsenic, and possibly also other compounds, seemed to be associated with cancer of the lung. The validity of the diagnosis of these lung cancer cases was also checked by blind examination of chest X‐ray films of the patients with occupational cancer, a group of other lung cancer patients, and the controls. The occupational cancer was diagnosed at a higher rate than the tumors of other lung cancer cases. In all the 11 cases, the disease had become manifest after the men had stopped working at the refinery. None of them had been considered as having occupational cancer by the physicians who treated them, their previous employer, the authorities concerned, their family and friends, or indeed themselves, until this study was conducted. The necessity of a lifelong health care system for ex‐smelters from copper refineries was emphasized.
Induction of neurogenic tumors in C3HeB/FeJ mice by nitrosourea derivatives: Observations by light microscopy, tissue culture, and electron microscopy
Authors: Denlinger R. H. , Koestner A. , Wechsler W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeurogenic tumors were induced in 32.3% of C3HeB/FeJ mice treated transplacentally with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) and in 10.5% of mice treated intravenously (IV) with methylnitrosourea (MNU). Earlier reports on other strains of mice treated with nitrosourea derivatives indicated that non‐neural tumors, particularly lymphomas, were readily induced. However, tumors of the nervous system did not develop or occurred only in a low percentage of treated mice. Genetic strain of mice appears to influence susceptibility of mice to nitrosoureas. Two brain tumors, an oligodendroglioma in the diencephalon and a mixed neuroblastoma‐glioma of the cerebellum, occurred in 19 adult male mice treated IV every 4 weeks with 25 mg/kg MNU to a total of 175 mg/kg. Neurinomas of cranial nerves developed in 9 of 31 offspring of pregnant mice treated with 20 mg/kg ENU IV on the 19th day of gestation. One MNU‐induced oligodendroglioma and 1 ENU‐induced neurinoma were propagated in tissue culture. Cells of both tumors produced intracerebral (IC) and subcutaneous (SC) tumors following injection into syngeneic mice. Tissue samples from both IC transplanted tumors contained abundant clusters of C‐type RNA viruses in interstitial spaces. Budding virus particles were readily demonstrated on the plasma membranes of tumor cells.
Effects of cyclophosphamide on immunity against chemically‐induced syngeneic murine sarcomas
Authors: Steele Glenn , Pierce George E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) on tumor immunity against syngeneic murine fibrosarcomas induced by 3‐MCA (3‐Methylcholanthrene) were studied using transplantation techniques. Five different groups of BALB/c female mice were challenged with viable cells of a 3‐MCA sarcoma (AT‐008). Mice bearing a sensitizing transplant of this tumor at the time of challenge were significantly resistant compared to non‐sensitized, untreated controls and compared to non‐sensitized mice pretreated with CY. Mice which had been sensitized by inoculation and subsequent excision of this tumor were more resistant than the tumor‐bearing mice. The greatest resistance, however, was observed in mice bearing syngeneic transplants of AT‐008 and treated with CY 6 days prior to challenge. These findings suggest that CY not only fails to suppress but may actually intensify established tumor immunity in this animal system. The results support the suggestion that tumor growth inhibition achieved with some chemotherapeutic agents may be accomplished partially through immunologic mechanisms.
Comparative effect of local radiotherapy and surgery on cell‐mediated immunity against a mouse transplantable mammary tumor
Authors: Le François D. , Troise G. Duran , Chavaudra N. , Malaise E. P. , Barski G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe specific anti‐tumor cell‐mediated immunity was investigated in mice bearing syngeneic transplantable tumors and submitted to local X‐irradiation. For this purpose, in vitro tests evaluating the immunologically specific inhibitory effect of lymphoid cells on target tumor cells were performed. The use of lymphoid cells obtained by peritoneal washings permitted us to follow the evolution of the immune status in the same mice during and after the treatment. At the same time when the non‐treated tumor‐bearing controls were immunologically inactive, being in an immunological “eclipse” phase, a significant reactivation of cellular immunity could be detected in a parallel series of mice, submitted to X‐ray treatment, as soon as the tumors began to decrease in size. This activity could still be detected more than 2 months after complete remission of the tumors. If a decrease in this immunity was observed, it was always premonitory of tumor recurrences and the immunological status of the relapsing animals became comparable to that of the tumor‐bearing non‐treated controls. The results obtained were very similar whether the whole population of peritoneal cells or only the “non‐adhering” fraction of it was used for in vitro tests. However, in the latter case, the immunological reactivation following X‐ray treatment appeared to begin earlier and to last longer. When compared with the surgically treated animals, the mice cured by X‐rays showed an earlier immunological reactivation. This reactivation, once it occurred, lasted in both cases for a comparable period after the total elimination of the tumors.
Attempts to detect virus‐specific DNA in human tumors. II. Nucleic acid hybridizations with complementary RNA of human herpes group viruses
Authors: Hausen Harald Zur , Schulte‐Holthausen Heinrich , Wolf Hans , Dörries Kristina , Egger Herwig 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDNA derived from various human malignant and non‐malignant tissues was hybridized with radioactive complementary RNA (cRNA) synthetized in vitro with the aid of E.coli‐RNA‐polymerase by using DNA of human herpes group viruses as templates. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific cRNA annealed significantly with DNA from nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies as well as with DNA preparations from leukocytes, bone marrow, lymph node and spleen of some patients with infectious mononucleosis. No significant hybridization was observed with either herpes simplex type 2 or type 1 cRNA and DNA from ten cervical carcinoma biopsies. cRNA of human cytomegalovirus and varicellazoster virus did not hybridize with DNA from Kaposi's sarcoma or DNA from heavily infiltrated spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease. These data do not exclude a role of these herpes viruses in the etiology of cervical carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease. They show, however, that such a relationship (if it exists) must differ quantitatively to a considerable extent from the one observed with EBV in EBV‐associated tumors.
Stimulation of tumor growth by the immune response
Authors: Jeejeebhoy H. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn attempt has been made to test the immunostimulation hypothesis of Prehn which proposes that, in its initial stages, the immune response to tumour‐specific antigens stimulates rather than inhibits tumor growth. Mice have been injected with cells from three different methylcholanthrene‐induced tumors and the cellular and humoral anti‐tumor immune responses of their peripheral blood lymphocytes and sera have been studied by in vitro techniques. The results have been found to be completely compatible with the immunostimulation hypothesis. Five days after the inoculation of tumor cells, at a time when tumors are still not palpable, the cellular anti‐tumor immune responses of the mice were found to be capable of specifically stimulating tumor growth. Palpable tumors normally appeared in these animals 7–10 days after the inoculation of tumor cells and by day 12 it was found that, in most instances, the stimulatory pattern seen on day 5 had changed to an inhibitory one. Other findings reported in this paper relate to the effect of normal and immune serum on tumor cells and on the interaction between tumor cells and normal or immune lymphocytes. Finally, on the basis of all these results, a hypothesis is presented to explain how tumors grow and why they do so in the face of an immune response directed against antigens specific to them.
The effect of year of birth on the breast cancer age‐incidence curve in Iceland
Authors: Bjarnason O. , Day N. , Snaedal G. , Tulinius H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong different populations, the shape of the age‐incidence curve for breast cancer is strongly related to the overall incidence of breast cancer in the respective population. Data are available from Iceland for the period 1911–1972. These data show that breast cancer has increased very markedly in Iceland during this period, and that as the overall incidence has risen, so the age‐incidence curve has changed in shape, the relation between the shape and the overall incidence being the same as that now observed in other countries. The change in shape is shown to be explicable entirely as a cohort phenomenon, each decade of birth cohort having an age‐incidence curve of similar shape, but with different overall incidence. Data from some other regions of the world indicate that many of the present differences in the shape of the age‐incidence curve may be the reflection of cohort phenomena.
Growth stimulation of human diploid fibro‐blasts by the tumor promoter, 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate
Authors: Diamond Leila , O'Brien Susan , Donaldson Catherine , Shimizu Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen the tumor promoter, 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), was added to freshly seeded cultures of human diploid fibroblasts, cell growth was inhibited for 24–48 h and then proceeded at the same rate as in controls. After the control cultures had become confluent, cell division and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine continued in treated cultures, and the cell yield after 9–11 days was increased by as much as 50% compared to untreated cultures. TPA induced striking morphological changes including a decrease in cell size, suggesting that it may enhance cell division by increasing the number of cells per unit area required for cell‐to‐cell contact and confluence to be attained. TPA produced similar effects when added to growing cultures of NIH Swiss 3T3 mouse embryo and chick embryo fibroblasts. Continuous cultivation of human fibroblasts in the presence of TPA increased the cell yield for approximately five successive passages but did not increase the total number of population doublings over the entire life‐span of the cultures.
False negative and prozone reactions in tests for antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated nuclear antigen
Authors: Henle Wener , Guerra Angel , Henle Gertrude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTitration of anti‐complementary human sera may yield false negative or prozone reactions in anti‐complement immunofluorescence (ACIF) tests for antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) when the human complement (C') is added to the serum dilutions prior to charging of the target cell smears (two‐stage ACIF test). This effect of anti‐complementary sera and with it a source of error is avoided by using a three‐stage ACIF technique; that is, when the target cell smears are successively overlayed with serum dilutions, C' and fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated antibodies to human βC/βA globulins. The two‐ and three‐stage ACIF procedures yield comparable anti‐EBNA titers with non‐anti‐complementary sera.
Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated complement‐fixing and nuclear antigens in Burkitt lymphoma biopsies
Authors: Reedman Beverley M. , Klein G. , Pope J. H. , Walters Marilyn K. , Hilgers J. , Singh S. , Johansson B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells from Burkitt lymphoma (BL) biopsies were examined for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated antigens by complement fixation (CF) tests and by the anti‐complement immunofluorescence (ACIF) test. In CF tests, anticomplementary factors made it difficult to test all the biopsies available. However, biopsies from 19 patients were effectively tested and 12 of these (including two from one patient) contained antigen reacting with a battery of human sera with antibody to EBV but not with sera lacking such antibody. Technical difficulties prevented further characterization of the EBV‐related antigens in the biopsies. Application of the ACIF test to BL revealed the presence of EBV‐related nuclear antigen in biopsies from 11 of 13 patients. Absorption studies indicated that the nuclear antigens of the biopsies were closely related antigenically to the EBV‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) previously described in lymphoblastoid cell lines. It is concluded that cells of BL biopsies may contain EBNA in addition to the EBV‐related membrane antigen previously described. The results provide further evidence that BL cells from African patients resemble non‐producer lymphoblastoid cell lines in containing EBNA and therefore appear to be transformed by EBV.
Immunosuppression in Burkitt's lymphoma. I. Cutaneous reactivity to recall antigens: Alterations induced by a tumour burden and by BCG administration
Authors: Magrath I. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with Burkitt's lymphoma have impaired delayed hypersensitivity to recall antigens (mumps, streptokinase‐streptodornase candidin and PPD) in the presence of a tumour load. The degree of impairment at presentation (which may reach total anergia) is dependent upon the clinical stage and correlates significantly with survival rate (p < 0.02), sustained remission rate (p < 0.05) and remission duration (p < 0.01). Cutaneous reactivity 3 months after chemotherapy is significantly improved overall in spite of the potentially immunosuppressant effects of cyclophosphamide but immuno‐suppression recurs in patients who relapse. BCG, applied by dermal scarification resulted, after 4 weeks, in significant improvement of cutaneous reactivity (p < 0.001), but no improvement in prognosis. The most probable explanation of these findings is that the impairment in delayed hypersensitivity correlates with the tumour volume, which in turn governs prognosis. The level of general immunological responsiveness at presentation seems unlikely to be a crucial factor per se in governing the response to chemotherapy.
The influence of host immunity on the arrest of circulating cancer cells, and its modification by neuraminidase
Authors: Weiss L. , Glaves Dorothy , Waite D. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe patterns of initial tumour cell arrest of a methylcholanthrene‐induced fibrosarcoma and the Gardner lymphosarcoma were determined after injection of 125IudR‐labelled tumour cells into the systemic circulation of mice. Experiments were performed with normal mice, mice sensitized by bearing ascites or subcutaneous variants of these tumours and animals hyperimmunized with X‐irradiated tumour cells. Tumour‐bearing and hyperimmunized mice were shown to produce humoral and cell‐mediated tumour‐immune responses by membrane immunofluorescence tests and migration inhibition assays of peritoneal exudate cells. In normal mice more than 90% of injected fibrosarcoma cells became localized in the lungs whereas the lymphosarcoma cells were localized primarily in both liver and lungs. The fibrosarcoma cells showed a decreased localization in the lungs and a corresponding increase in the livers, lymphoid tissues and kidneys of sensitized mice. However, the lymphosarcoma cells showed greater localization in the lungs of tumour‐bearing and immunized mice compared with that in control animals. Prior treatment of both tumour types with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase modified the pattern of cell arrest to some extent in both normal and tumour‐sensitized mice. The relevance of these expriements as a model of the haematogenous metastasis of cancer cells is discussed.
An animal model for meningeal leukemia
Authors: Perk K. , Pearson J. W. , Torgersen J. A. , Chirigos M. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn experimental model of arachnoid leukemia has been developed from a transplantable guinea‐pig leukemia. The meningeal leukemia develops after chemothera‐peutically induced primary remission. The histopathological pattern observed was similar to that seen in central nervous system involvement in childhood leukemia.
Alteration of in vitro anti‐tumor activity of tumor‐bearer sera by absorption with Staphylococcus aureus, cowan I
Authors: Steele G. , Ankerst J. , Sjögren H. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan I, has been shown to contain a cell‐wall substance, protein A, which combines with the Fc part of IgG in most mammalian species. Since the blocking activity of sera from tumor‐bearing individuals has previously been found to be associated with 7S immunoglobulins, it was investigated whether Cowan I could absorb out the blocking activity of sera from rats carrying either isografted polyoma virus induced sarcomas or chemically induced colon carcinomas. In all sera tested, treatment with protein A abrogated the sera's ability to inhibit lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Absorption of sera with Staphylococcus aureus, strain Wood 46, not containing protein A, had no effect on the blocking activity. Admixtures of protein‐A‐treated blocking sera to untreated blocking sera from animals bearing the same tumor type, specifically abrogated the blocking activity, while admixture of Wood 46 absorbed sera, protein‐A‐treated normal sera, or protein‐A‐treated sera from animals bearing a different tumor type did not cause a similar abrogation. The blocking sera from tumor‐bearing rats were not cytotoxic to their specific tumor target cells in the presence of homologous complement. After protein A treatment, serum from rats bearing isografts of sarcomas induced by polyoma virus showed specific complement‐dependent cytotoxicity to polyoma tumor target cells. Serum from primary colon carcinoma bearing rats also had complement‐dependent cytotoxic effect on colon tumor target cells after protein A treatment. Sera used for in vitro tests of blocking activity and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity were analyzed for IgG concentration before and after absorption with S. aureus, Cowan I. A 20‐30% reduction of IgG class immunoglobulins as compared to unabsorbed or control (Wood 46) treated sera was demonstrated.
Lipid analysis of cell nuclei in young and old Ehrlich ascites tumors
Authors: Balint Zsuzsa , Holczinger L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe total lipid content of whole cells and isolated nuclei of Ehrlich ascites tumors was found to increase in parallel with increasing age. Mainly triglycerides were accumulated both in the cells and in the nuclei, but the nuclear fraction showed also an increase in the total cholesterol content. No marked accumulation of lipid droplets could be observed in isolated nuclei, and thus it can be presumed that in the course of aging the increase in neutral lipid content is due to a profound alteration in the lipid composition of lipid‐containing nuclear structures.
Natural expression of feline type‐C virus genomes. Prevalence of detectable FeLV and RD‐114 GS antigen, type‐C particles and infectious virus in postnatal and fetal cats
Authors: Gardner Murray B. , Rasheed Suraiya , Rongey Robert W. , Charman Howard P. , Alena Barbara , Gilden Raymond V. , Huebner Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe group‐specific (gs) antigen of RD‐114, an endogenous type‐C virus of domestic cats, was detected by complement fixation (CF) in two of 100 fetal cats and was not detected in any tumors or spleens of postnatal cats. RD‐114 virus was isolated in vitro in RD human sarcoma cells from two of 31 normal cat fetuses but not from any postnatal cat tumors or spleens, with one exception. Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) gs antigen was detected by CF and type‐C particles were seen by electron microscopy (EM) in high prevalence in young cats with lymphoma (65%), anemia (75%) and infectious peritonitis (25%). FeLV gs antigen, type‐C particles and infectious FeLV were occasionally (10‐20%) found in cat fetuses. The general absence of FeLV gs antigen in the endometrium of pregnant cats and the low prevalence of detectable FeLV gs antigen in cat fetuses suggest that the epigenetic transplacental spread of infectious FeLV is not a common occurrence in domestic cats. However, the isolation of FeLV from two pairs of fetal littermates and from the endometria and spleens of both mother cats indicates that such an epigenetic transmission of FeLV can occasionally occur. There was an excellent correlation between detection of RD‐114 and FeLV gs antigen by CF tests in fetal and postnatal tissues and the subsequent isolation in vitro of the corresponding virus. In lymphoma‐ and carcinoma‐bearing cats over 10 years of age, FeLV gs antigen, type‐C particles and infectious virus were seldom found. RD‐114 and FeLV gs antigens or infectious virus were never detected in the same tissues, the same cat or the same litter. These findings are discussed in relation to the natural history of these two different feline type‐C virus genomes.
Cell relationships in transformation of human leukocytes by epstein‐barr virus
Authors: Pope J. H. , Scott W. , Moss D. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransformation of human leukocytes by the QIMR‐ WIL strain of EB virus in vitro involves co‐operation between adherent cells (probably macrophages) and non‐adherent cells (predominantly lymphocytes). It was shown that the proliferating cells were derived from the non‐adherent population. Unlike macrophages, autochthonous fibroblasts did not enhance proliferation when cultured with non‐adherent cells, but apparently were inhibitory. A strain of allogeneic fibroblasts was not inhibitory. Inoculation of nonadherent cells with EB virus was essential for transformation, while inoculation of macrophages only was insufficient. It appears from these results that infection of non‐adherent cells with QIMR‐ WIL EB virus induces some cells to proliferate, and that the enhancing role of the macrophage does not involve infection with virus.
The incidence of lung tumours in C57BL mice exposed to cigarette smoke:Air mixtures for prolonged periods
Authors: Harris R. J. C. , Negroni G. , Ludgate Susan , Pick C. R. , Chesterman F. C. , Maidment B. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractC57BI mice, allowed to breathe a cigarette smoke:air mixture for short periods and at frequent intervals throughout their lives, develop a higher incidence of lung cancers, adenomas and carcinomas, than untreated control animals. Smoke from cigarettes made from a flue‐cured tobacco (T2) was more toxic and elicited cancers more quickly than that from cigarettes made from air‐dried tobacco (T3) from the same crop. Filtered smoke :air from T2 and unfiltered smoke gave similar yields of lung tumours.