bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiinstitutional validation of the UCSF cancer of the prostate risk assessment for prediction of recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Cooperberg Matthew R. , Freedland Stephen J. , Pasta David J. , Elkin Eric P. , Presti Joseph C. , Amling Christopher L. , Terris Martha K. , Aronson William J. , Kane Christopher J. , Carroll Peter R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) is a novel preoperative index which predicts the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. The performance of the index is at least as good as the best available instruments based on clinical variables, and the 0 to 10 score is simple to calculate for both clinical and research purposes. This study used a large external dataset to validate CAPRA.METHODS.Data were abstracted from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database, a registry of men who underwent radical prostatectomy at 4 Veterans Affairs and 1 active military medical center. Of 2096 men in the database, 1346 (64%) had full data available to calculate the CAPRA score. Performance of the CAPRA score was assessed with proportional hazards regression, survival analysis, and the concordance (c) index.RESULTS.Of the studied patients, 41% were non‐Caucasian, and their mean age was 62 years. Twenty‐six percent suffered recurrence; median follow‐up among patients who did not recur was 34 months. The hazard ratio (HR) for each 1‐point increase in CAPRA was 1.39 (95% CI [confidence interval], 1.31–1.46). The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate ranged from 86% for CAPRA 0–1 patients to 21% for CAPRA 7–10 patients. Increasing CAPRA scores were significantly associated with increasing risk of adverse pathologic outcomes. The c‐index for CAPRA for the validation set was 0.68, compared with 0.66 for the original development set.CONCLUSIONS.The UCSF‐CAPRA accurately predicted both biochemical and pathologic outcomes after radical prostatectomy among a large, diverse, cohort of men. These results validated the effectiveness of this powerful and straightforward instrument. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Molecularly targeted therapy for melanoma
Authors: Becker Jürgen C. , Kirkwood John M. , Agarwala Sanjiv S. , Dummer Reinhard , Schrama David , Hauschild Axel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEffective therapy for melanoma remains an unmet goal, with most traditional therapies representing inadequate trade‐offs among the several goals of specificity, efficacy, and toxicity. Targeted molecular therapeutics are tailored to genetic abnormalities that are associated with tumor progression. Modulation of aberrant signaling pathways in cancer cells has the potential to provide more effective and potentially nontoxic therapy for a broad range of cancers, including melanoma. Among the possible targets in melanoma are the Ras‐MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathways, the proteasome, histone deacetylases, methyltransferases, and melanoma‐induced angiogenesis. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Is intraoperative touch imprint cytology of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer cost effective?
Authors: Jeruss Jacqueline S. , Hunt Kelly K. , Xing Yan , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Cantor Scott B. , Ross Merrick I. , Cormier Janice N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are generally evaluated postoperatively, requiring 5–7 days for assessment. SLNs can also be evaluated intraoperatively by using touch imprint cytology (TIC), thus providing the surgeon immediate feedback and allowing for concurrent completion node dissection (CND) for positive SLNs. The authors hypothesized that TIC, when compared with standard postoperative SLN assessment alone, would permit a cost‐effective evaluation of SLNs in patients with clinically node‐negative breast cancer.METHODS.A decision‐analysis model was created to compare TIC with standard postoperative SLN assessment alone. Sensitivity and specificity of TIC were determined prospectively from 342 patients who underwent SLN biopsy assessed by both techniques. Short‐term health states associated with surgical staging were defined, and utilities were estimated using EuroQol‐5D. Base‐case analysis was performed to estimate quality‐adjusted life years and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine stability of model parameters.RESULTS.For each tumor stage, TIC was cost effective, and for patients with larger tumors (T3 and T4), TIC was the dominant strategy. The analysis was robust to changes in sensitivity and specificity of TIC, prevalence of metastasis, probability of complications, and cost. However, when utility associated with standard SLN assessment was 0.9 or greater, this became the preferred strategy.CONCLUSIONS.TIC is cost effective for assessing SLN metastasis intraoperatively. For patients with larger tumors, it is not only more effective, but also less costly than standard SLN assessment alone. TIC may be particularly useful for patients who experience significant anxiety while awaiting results of standard SLN assessment. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Eph–ephrin A system regulates murine blastocyst attachment and spreading
Authors: Fujii Haruko , Tatsumi Keiji , Kosaka Kenzo , Yoshioka Shinya , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Fujii Shingo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough numerous adhesion molecules are expressed on mammalian endometrial epithelial cells, there have not been any studies of a mechanism to prevent premature attachment of the embryo. In this study, we examined the possible involvement of Eph–ephrin interaction, which can induce repulsive forces. In mice, Eph A1, A2, and A4 were expressed on endometrial epithelial cells and ephrin A1–4 on blastocysts. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction showed that mRNA expression of ephrin A1–4 on embryos transiently decreased around the implantation period. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of Eph A1 on endometrial epithelial cells and ephrin A1 and A3 expression on embryos decreased at implantation sites. Recombinant Eph A1 reacted with cell the surface of ephrin A‐bearing trophectoderm cells. Attachment assays using Eph A1‐coated dishes showed that blastocyst attachment was reversibly inhibited by Eph A1. These findings suggest an important role of the Eph–ephrin A system in regulating the initial embryo–maternal contact during the cross‐talk period that precedes embryo implantation. Developmental Dynamics 235:3250–3258, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Candidate regulators of mammary branching morphogenesis identified by genome‐wide transcript analysis
Authors: Kouros‐Mehr Hosein , Werb Zena 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe mammary gland develops in a process known as branching morphogenesis, whereby a distal epithelial bud extends and bifurcates to form an extensive ductal network. Compared with other branched organs, such as the lung and kidney, little is known about the molecular basis of branching in the mammary gland. Here we report a microarray profiling strategy to identify novel genes that may regulate mammary branching. We microdissected terminal end bud (TEB) and mature duct microenvironments from β‐actin–green fluorescent protein reporter mice and compared their RNA expression profiles with epithelium‐free mammary stroma by means of microarray. We identified 1,074 genes enriched in the TEB microenvironment, 222 genes enriched in the mature duct microenvironment, and 385 genes enriched in both TEB and mature duct microenvironments. The microarray correctly predicted the expression of genes known to be enriched in the epithelium (Ets‐5) and stroma (MMP‐14) of TEBs and in the mature duct microenvironment (MMP‐3). The microarray also correctly predicted the localization of previously uncharacterized genes, such as the TEB‐enriched SPRR‐1a, the duct‐enriched casein‐γ, and the general epithelial marker pleiotrophin. Analysis of genes enriched in TEBs revealed several genes in the Wnt (Wnt‐2, Wnt‐5a, Wnt‐7b, Dsh‐3, Frizzled‐1, Frizzled‐2), hedgehog (Dhh), ephrin (Ephrin‐B1, Eph‐A2), and transcription factor (Twist‐1, Twist‐2, Snail) families. In situ hybridization verified that these genes were enriched in the TEB epithelium (Wnt‐5a, Wnt‐7b, Dhh, Eph‐A2) or TEB stroma (Wnt‐2, Frizzled‐1, Ephrin‐B1). We discuss the potential roles of these genes in mammary branching morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 235:3404–3412, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxalato‐Bridged Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes of N‐Alkylated Derivatives of 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane: Synthesis, X‐ray Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Belousoff Matthew J. , Graham Bim , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Murray Keith S. , Spiccia Leone 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis, X‐ray crystal structure and magnetic properties of two oxalato‐bridged dinuclear CuII complexes, [L‐Cu(μ‐ox)Cu‐L](ClO4)2, where ox = oxalate and L = 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (Me3tacn) or 1‐benzyl‐4,7‐dimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (BzMe2tacn) are reported, as well as the X‐ray crystal structure of the mononuclear complex, [Cu(Me3tacn)(OH2)2](ClO4)2, which features an extended H‐bonding network between the ligand and the perchlorate counterions. The crystal structures of the dinuclear complexes both feature a centrosymmetric complex cation in which the two copper centres exist in a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry, with each end capped by a facially coordinated “tacn” unit, and are bridged by an oxalate anion. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed strong antiferromagnetic interactions between the CuII centres, with 2J values of ca. –300 cm–1, even though the Cu···Cu separation is very long, viz. 5.18 Å (BzMe2tacn) and 5.47 Å (Me3tacn). The separation for the Me3tacn complex is the longest separation reported for this type of CuII complex. No pattern could be detected between the J values and structural features for 21 oxalato‐bridged complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Assembly of Dinuclear Alkoxido‐Bridged CuII Halide Complexes of Pyridine Alcohols To Form Tetranuclear and Polynuclear Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Lah Nina , Leban Ivan , Clérac Rodolphe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractReaction of CuX2 (X = Cl, Br) with pyridine alcohol ligands [2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyridine = Hhmp, 2‐(hydroxyethyl)pyridine = Hhep and 2‐(hydroxypropyl)pyridine = Hhpp] affords a series of new CuII alkoxide complexes with a similar Cu2O2 structural motif: a dinuclear complex, [Cu2(hpp)2Br2] (1), two tetranuclear compounds, [Cu4(hpp)4Br4] (2) and [Cu4(hpp)4Cl4] (3), and polynuclear chains, [Cu2(hep)2Cl2]n (4) and [Cu2(Hhmp)2Cl4]n (5). The dinuclear complex 1 represents the basic building unit of the four other materials. In this family of compounds, the pyridine alcohol type ligands (Hhmp, Hhep, or Hhpp) provide the two alkoxido functions that bridge the CuII centers. The tetranuclear analogues exhibit an unusual structure of the defect dicubane‐like type with two missing vertices. The one‐dimensional polymers 4 and 5 are composed of Cu2O2 dinuclear units interlinked through bridging chlorido ligands to form infinite chains. The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility measurements indicates the presence of strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the S = 1/2 CuII metal ions through the bis(alkoxido) bridge. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Chemistry of Difluorocarbene: Synthesis and Conversion of Difluoro(methylene)cyclopropanes
Authors: Cheng Zhan‐Ling , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Liu Chao , Chen Qing‐Yun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDifluoro(methylene)cyclopropanes (F2MCPs) were prepared directly by difluorocarbene addition to allenes, and the resulting F2MCPs were converted into a variety of difluoro(methylene)cyclopropane derivatives through Heck reactions and electrophilic substitutions. The ring‐opening reactions of F2MCPs with I2 are reported and a plausible reaction mechanism is also discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Enantioselective Mukaiyama‐Aldol Reaction of Pyruvates and 1‐Phenyl‐ 1‐trimethylsilyloxyethene Catalyzed by Lanthanide/Pybox Complexes
Authors: Desimoni Giovanni , Faita Giuseppe , Piccinini Francesca , Toscanini Marco 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe enantioselective Mukaiyama‐aldol reaction between 1‐phenyl‐1‐trimethylsilyloxyethene (1) and three pyruvates (2a–c) is catalyzed by the lanthanide triflate complexes of(4S,5S)‐2,6‐bis[5‐phenyl‐4‐(triisopropylsilyloxy)methyl‐1,3‐oxazolin‐2‐yl]pyridine (3). The best catalysts are the LuIII‐ and ScIII‐based complexes that give high yields of (S)‐4a–c and enantiomeric excesses up to 99.5 %. The LaIII‐based complex favors the formation of the opposite enantiomer [77 % ee of (R)‐4c]. The rationale of the stereochemical outcome is proposed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Contemporary organizational theory and higher education: A mismatch
Authors: Hall Richard H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractContemporary organizational theory is not providing the kind of guidance that it could and should for practitioners in higher education, as well as in other organizations. The author suggests that the issue of goals should be reintroduced into organizational theory, that certainty is just as important as uncertainty, and that it is misleading to conceive of higher education as a loosely coupled organizational form.
Higher education as a field of study: Its origins, programs, and purposes, 1893–1960
Authors: Goodchild Lester F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractG. Stanley Hall's desire to reform colleges and universities through promotion of the study of higher education was the beginning of efforts to professionalize administrative work and create higher education faculty.Although the study of higher education has yet to reach maturity, it possesses many of the attributes of a scholarly field. Programs designed to prepare persons for entry into professional work in higher education exist in profusion. There are approximately eight hundred professors who think of themselves as professors of higher education. Departments of higher education and centers or institutes affiliated with universities sponsor research concerning higher education as well as provide degree and public service programs. A growing literature deals with various parts of the higher education domain. And a growing bureaucracy associated with quasieducational organizations concerns itself with generating new and systematic knowledge about higher education.
Campus environmental stewardship
Authors: Eagan David J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA university's involvement in the stewardship of its place on earth may lead to a healthier environment, but, more important, it offers extraordinary opportunities for student learning.An Indian effigy mound in the shape of a bird, high on a hill overlooking Lake Mendota, is one of several ancient mounds preserved on the University of Wisconsin‐Madison campus. Built an estimated 500 years ago by ancestors of one of today's Wisconsin tribes, it symbolizes the deep and lasting relationship between people and the land. It is a reminder of the timeless need for stewardship of the place that, for now, is home to the university.
Comparative studies of fund‐raising performance
Authors: Dunn John A. , Terkla Dawn Geronimo , Adam Audrey 
Published: October 2006

AbstractComparing your institution's fund‐raising cash proceeds with
those of other colleges and universities is straightfornard, given
CFAE data. Measuring fund‐raising productivity, however,
requires care in defining related expenses and resulting fund‐
raising achievements. Simplifying assumptions can be helpful.
Editor's notes
Authors: Hollins Carol S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEscalating college costs, decreased productivity, and a perceived decline in the quality of undergraduate instruction represent grave concerns for federal and state officials, governing and coordinating boards, the media, and the public community. Not only are external audiences questioning institutional viability but persons within the academy are inquiring about rising costs and acknowledging difficulty in assessing institutional impact. Critics charge that although college costs have skyrocketed, students are being shortchanged by faculty who savor research and publication more than quality teaching.
Facing realities: Planning for faculty needs in a major research university
Authors: Elms Roslyn R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe University of California at Berkeley will need to appoint 1,543 new faculty between 1987 and 2006. A potential shortage of faculty and scarce resources led to policy analysis of the management of faculty positions. The Berkeley culture of decentralized decision making and significant faculty involvement led to the development of a new model of management.
Evaluating the increased use of technology in instruction and administration
Authors: Norris William C. , MacDonald Geraldine 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTransforming the role of faculty member from one of lecturer to learning facilitator and increasing the student's own responsibility for learning—changes facilitated by increased use of technology—are at the heart of productivity improvement in instruction. Use of technology in administration should emphasize decentralized systems and more sophisticated campus data networks.
Validity issues for reputational studies
Authors: McGuire Michael D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractValidity criteria can and should be applied to reputational study models, and research that tests their validity and reliability should be conducted. Such concerns, while weighing heavily on the minds of institutional researchers and others on campus, have typically not been raised by consumers and publishers. Two studies of U.S. News & World Report's “America's Best Colleges” suggest that this guide's validity may be suspect and that systematic research and development are long overdue.
Protection against thallium hepatotoxicity by Silymarin
Authors: Mourelle Marisabel , Favari Liliana , Amezcua José Luis 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of silymarin (100 mg/kg i.p.) on the biochemical indicators of liver damage induced by thallium (10 mg/kg p.o.) was studied in rats. The production of malondialdehyde and the content of reduced glutathione in the liver were measured as indicators of lipid peroxidation. Thallium intoxication increased the serum activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and the liver concentration of triglycerides. Thallium decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and increased that of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase in the liver cell membrane. It also abolished the membrane activity of Na+/K+ ATPase. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced by thallium as malondialdehyde production was increased and the content of reduced glutathione was decreased in the liver. Silymarin completely prevented all these changes. It is suggested that thallium toxicity is due, at least in part, to the promotion of lipid peroxidation. The membrane stabilizing effect of silymarin observed in this and in other models of liver toxicity is due to some antioxidant property, possibly related to its ability to scavenge free oxygen radicals.
A scheme for the prediction and ranking of relative potencies of dermal sensitizers based on data from several systems
Authors: Gad Shayne C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA highly desirable use of delayed contact dermal hypersensitivity data from animal tests is an accurate prediction of the relative potency of positive agents in humans. Because of the manner in which all such animal tests are performed, the wide variety of exposure conditions and concentrations (which are generally more severe than human exposure conditions) have traditionally made prediction of potency (and therefore the extent of hazard) in humans either impossible or extremely crude. A numerical/graphical method has been developed to adjust results from suitable animal studies of all sorts for exposure conditions and allow for ranking of agents for potency and classification of relative hazards. Results from four animal test systems (MEST, EMT, GPMT and Buehler) are compared with results from human studies to show that all four test systems can generate data that are usable for a relative hazard classification process, though they may vary in their performance characteristics as screens.
Studies on the effect of ethanol and/or toluene on rat erythrocytes
Authors: Rosin Janusz , Bartosz Grzegorz , Wrońska‐Nofer Teresa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRats were subjected to a chronic ethanol exposure in their drinking water for 8 months and then a short subacute toluene exposure to 12 000 mg/m3 for 5 h/day for nine days. Combined exposure increased the reticulocyte count and the concentration of haemoglobin, and changed the biochemical/biophysical properties of red blood cells. Macrocytosis and a decrease in erythrocyte membrane lipid fluidity in the middle zone of the lipid bilayer were the most useful indices of exposure.
Synthesis of tritium labeled zomepirac
Authors: Hoerr David C. , Scharf Ann T. , Carson John R. , Weaner Larry E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTritium labeled zomepirac with a specific activity of 85 Ci/mol was prepared by selective alkylation of the penultimate desmethyl precursor using methyl iodide‐3H3. The alkylation reaction was explored using various bases and solvent media.
Relations between tryptophan configuration and actinomycin biosynthesis
Authors: Albertini A. , Tiboni O. , Ciferri O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAddition of D‐tryptophan to the growth media of Streptomyces V‐187 results in an inhibition of actinomycin production, while growth of the microorganism appears to be unaffected. L‐tryptophan overcomes the inhibition brought about by the D‐stereoisomer.D‐[benzene ring‐14C]‐tryptophan is taken up by the cells of Streptomyces V‐187 and incorporated into proteins and actinomycin almost to the same extent of L‐[benzene ring‐14C]‐tryptophan, though at a slower rate. The benzene ring of both stereoisomers contributes only to the phenoxazinone residue of the actinomycin molecule. Indeed, D, L‐[methylene‐14C]‐tryptophan is incorporated into actinomycin only to a very small extent. Other possible precursors of the chromophoric residue of actinomycin, [benzene ring‐14C]‐indolepyruvic acid, [benzene ring‐14C]‐benzoic acid and [uniformly‐14C]‐shikimic acid, were not taken up by the cells in significant amounts.
Synthèse de L'acide p‐butoxyphénylacéthydroxamique et du p‐butoxyphénylacétamide marqués au 14C
Authors: Gillet C. , Thiriaux J. , Buu‐Hoi N. P. , Lambelin G. , Roncucci R. , Simon M. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOn décrit la préparation de L' acide p‐butoxyphénylacéthydroxamique et du p‐butoxyphénylacétamide marqués par le carbone‐14 enposition α par rapport au groupement p‐butoxyphényl; ces deux composés radioactifs sont destinés à L' étude du métabolisme de L' acide p‐butoxyphénylacéthydroxamique, qui est un médicament anti‐inflammatoire puissant, et du p‐butoxyphénylacétamide, qui est un agent analgésique.
The synthesis of tritium‐labelled tetrahydrocortexolone and tetrahydrocortexone
Authors: Deconinck J. M. , Osinski P. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCortexolone‐1, 2‐3 H (17α, 21‐dihydroxy‐4‐pregnene‐3,20‐dione) has been used as the starting point for the preparation of tetrahydrocortexolone‐1, 2‐3 H and of tetrahydrocortexone‐1, 2‐3 H (3α, 17α, 21‐trihydroxy‐5β‐pregnane‐20‐one and 3α, 21‐dihydroxy‐5β‐pregnane‐20‐one). The method used involved the catalytic and LiAlH4 reduction of a derivative whose side‐chain was protected by bismethylene‐dioxy groups. The structural proof and radiochemical purity were determined by the radiochromatography of various derivatives and degradation products in several solvent systems.