bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peanut responds to K fertilization but not to K timing on low‐K sandy soils
Authors: Zubieta Angel S. , Rahman Aadil A. , Hochmuth George , Drew Anthony , Matcham Emma G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPotassium (K) is necessary for plant growth, and insufficient K reduces peanut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)] yield and grade. Peanut production in Florida is on sandy soils with low cation exchange capacity. Minimizing K loss to leaching may be affected by the timing of fertilizer‐K application. We evaluated the impact of K fertilization on pod yield and grade of peanut in sites with different soil test K (STK) levels. Treatments comprised a two‐way factorial with five fertilizer rates (0, 46, 93, 140, and 186 kg ha−1 K) and four application timings (planting; planting plus early bloom; planting, early bloom, plus 60 days; early bloom plus 60 days). The study occurred at sites Hilltop, Citra, and Sesame with Mehlich‐3 STK levels 2, 26, and 40 mg kg−1, respectively, at the University of Florida Plant Sciences Research and Education Unit in Citra, FL. In the low‐STK sites (Hilltop, Citra), the relative yield increased quadratically until fertilizer rates reached 160 and 82 kg ha−1 K, respectively, after which there was no further increase in peanut pod yield. At Sesame, pod yield was not affected by K rate. Splitting K applications did not improve pod yield at any site in these seasons, which had few leaching rains. Proportion of sound mature kernels (TSMK) was affected only by site, averaging ≥75%. Fertilizing peanuts with 82–160 kg ha−1 K maximized pod yield in soils with Mehlich‐3 STK ≤26 mg kg−1, and different responses to K fertilizer rate observed at fields with different STK levels within the low STK index category suggests justification for splitting this category. A single K application is sufficient in sites with low incidence of leaching rains.
The influence of elevation on genetic structure and variability in a wetland crucifer of the Rocky Mountains
Authors: Tisinai Shelby L. , Busch Jeremiah W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPremiseIn mountain ecosystems, environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, ultraviolet radiation) covary with elevation, potentially limiting gene flow over steep gradients. We hypothesized that, (1) due to stark elevational differences in environmental factors, populations from dissimilar elevations (e.g., montane versus alpine) are more strongly differentiated than populations from similar elevations; (2) patterns of migration reflect downslope dispersal more than upslope dispersal; and (3) alpine populations at the cold edge show evidence of expansion, while montane populations at the warm edge have declined.MethodsDNA polymorphisms in whole‐genome sequences were studied from 6–10 genotypes each in populations of Cardamine cordifolia found at three montane sites (ranging from 2200 to 2800 m a.s.l.) and three alpine sites (ranging from 3000 to 3500 m a.s.l.). Statistical analyses assessed patterns of population structure, genetic diversity, migration, and historical demography since the Pleistocene.ResultsPopulations maintained very high levels of nucleotide diversity (π range: 0.062–0.071) and were weakly differentiated (pairwise FST = 0.027) on average. Migration among alpine populations was also inferred, with no directionality of migration across elevation bands. Demographic inference suggests that both montane and alpine populations have declined in size since the Pleistocene.ConclusionsEnvironmental differences across elevation represent diffuse barriers to gene flow. Recent polyploidy and clonal reproduction likely explain excess heterozygosity and high nucleotide diversity within populations. The genetic similarity of populations across elevation suggests highly connected refugia during the Pleistocene; such results may indicate that montane and alpine populations will respond similarly to changing environmental conditions associated with climate change.
2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones’ Synthesis: State‐of‐the‐Art Methods and Applications
Authors: Kishore Dakoju Ravi , Sreenivasulu Chinnabattigalla , Satyanarayana Gedu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones, also known as 2‐pyranones or 2‐pyrones (α‐pyrones), are compounds of significant biological importance due to their wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, anti‐microbial, and anti‐coagulant effects. Their diverse bioactivity has sparked increased interest in their synthesis and applications. Numerous synthetic methods for accomplishing 2H‐pyranones have been developed, from classical approaches like Knoevenagel condensations to modern synthetic techniques such as microwave‐assisted synthesis and various catalytic methods. In this line, previous reviews have thoroughly documented the advancements in the synthesis of 2‐pyrone frameworks up to 2020. Specifically, this review highlights the latest advancements in synthesizing 2‐pyrone frameworks and their pivotal role in the construction of diverse heterocycles, focusing on developments between 2021 and 2025.
Electrolyte Design Using “Porous Water” for High‐purity Carbon Monoxide Electrosynthesis from Dilute Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Wei , Dai Minyang , Zeng Zhouliangzi , Wang Yahan , Zhang Yan , Ni Wenpeng , Wang Shuangyin , Zhang Shiguo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrosynthesis of high‐purity carbon monoxide (CO) from captured carbon dioxide (CO2) remains energy‐intensive due to the unavoidable CO2 regeneration and post‐purification stages. Here, we propose a direct high‐purity CO electrosynthesis strategy employing an innovative electrolyte, termed porous electrolyte (PE), based on “porous water”. Zeolite nanocrystals within PE provide permanent pores in the liquid phase, enabling physical CO2 adsorption through an intraparticle diffusion model, as demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations and in situ spectral analysis. Captured CO2 spontaneously desorbs under applied reductive potential, driven by the interfacial CO2 concentration gradient, and is subsequently reduced electrochemically. The high CO2 concentration in PE enhances mass transfer, and surface ion exchange between Si−OH groups and K+ ions on the zeolite surface generates a stronger interfacial electric field, promoting electron transfer steps. This optimized kinetics for mass and electron transfer confers heightened intrinsic activity toward CO2 electroreduction. The PE‐based electrolysis system demonstrated superior CO Faradaic efficiency and partial current density compared to the conventional CO2‐fed system. A circular system using PE and a Ni−N/C cathode realized continuous production of high‐purity CO (97.0 wt %) from dilute CO2 (15 %) and maintained >90.0 wt % under 150 mA cm−2, with significantly reduced energy consumption and costs.
Rare‐Earth Metal Alkyl Complexes Featuring Bridged Bis(β‐Diketiminato) Ligand: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity for Intramolecular Hydroamination Reaction
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Huang Mengna , Miao Hui , Qin Zhibiao , Wei Biao , Liu Chenxu , Chen Zheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA series of rare‐earth metal alkyl complexes containing chiral cyclohexyl‐bridged bis(β‐diketiminate) ligands have been synthesized, with a general chemical formula of {Cy[NC (Me)CHC (Me)NAr]2}RECH2SiMe3 [Cy=(1R, 2R)‐(‐)‐1,2‐cyclohexyl, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, RE=Dy(1), Er(2), Yb(3), Y(4)]. These compounds were prepared in good yields by the reaction of RE[CH2SiMe3]3(THF)2 with Cy[NHC (Me)CHC (Me)NAr]2 (H2L). Comprehensive characterizations of all compounds were achieved through spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The structures of Compounds 1–4 were determined by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction analysis, and Compound 4 was further characterized by hydrogen‐1 (1H) NMR and carbon‐13 (13C) NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of these complexes was investigated, and their ability to catalyze the hydroamination/cyclization reaction of aminoalkenes to afford the corresponding cyclic amines was proven. The resulting heterocyclic compounds were predominantly Markovnikov addition products. The catalytic efficiency of different catalysts was not significantly affected by central metal, and over 90% conversion could be achieved with a catalyst loading as low as 3%. However, the catalytic hydroamination/cyclization reaction to six‐membered ring products was found to be more challenging compared to the formation of five‐membered rings.
Kuwae, Epi and Tongoa Islands: Transformations of a volcanic landscape in central Vanuatu
Authors: HENDERSON ROBERT , BEDFORD STUART , SPRIGGS MATTHEW , YONA SALKON , PHILLIP IARAWAI , SHING RICHARD , VALENTIN FRÉDÉRIQUE , HARVEY CAITLIN 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a detailed overview of archaeological research undertaken on Epi and Tongoa, in central Vanuatu. These islands were previously connected to one another and respectively formed the western and eastern portions of Kuwae, one of the largest islands in the Vanuatu archipelago, until the catastrophic Tombuk volcanic eruption separated them in the mid‐fifteenth century AD. Oral traditions and insights drawn from previous ethnographic, linguistic and genetic research provide context for the archaeological data. We begin to address questions about the extent to which impacts of the major Tombuk eruption were experienced across the entirety of the former Kuwae landmass, and the role of this and other volcanic events in the complex transformations of the physical and cultural landscapes of central Vanuatu.
Impact of Membership Functions on the Performance of AI‐Assisted Neuro‐Fuzzy System for Analysis of Anion‐Responsive Behaviours of Polypyridyl‐Imidazole Based Ru(II) Receptors
Authors: Sahoo Anik , Bar Manoranjan , Bhattacharya Sohini , Baitalik Sujoy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study explores the anion sensing properties of mono‐, bi‐, and trinuclear Ru(II) complexes based on polypyridyl‐imidazole ligands with varying numbers of dissociable protons in their secondary coordination sphere. The imidazole protons, influenced by the Ru2+ centers, facilitate interactions with anions like F− and CN− in acetonitrile, and CN− in water, through hydrogen bonding or via proton abstraction. The spectral properties of the metalloreceptors change in the presence of these anions, and the initial state can be restored with acid, allowing recycling. The complexes exhibit Boolean logic functions (Implication logic gates) using spectral outputs in the presence of specific anions and acids. To address the time and cost constraints of executing comprehensive sensing experiments, an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with five membership functions (triangular, trapezoidal, generalized bell‐shaped, Gaussian, and pi‐shaped) was used to predict experimental data and appropriate modeling of the sensing characteristics. Comparison of ANFIS model outputs with experimental data showed a good correlation, with the Gaussian and generalized bell‐shaped functions providing high accuracy and close resemblance to experimental data. This neuro‐fuzzification approach promises accurate prediction and modeling of sensing data for Ru(II)‐based metalloreceptors.
Impact of Microwave Exposure on Cynomolgus Monkeys: EEG and ECG Analysis
Authors: Ma Lizhen , Qiao Nan , Zou Yong , Wang Haoyu , Wang Yuchen , Zhi Weijia , Zhao Xuelong , Xu Xinping , Zhang Mingzhao , Lin Zhongwu , Hu Xiangjun , Wang Lifeng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe annual increase of microwave exposure in human environments continues to fuel debates regarding its potential health impacts. This study monitored the EEG and ECG responses of three Cynomolgus monkeys before and at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after exposure to 50 mW/cm² microwave radiation for 15 min. The findings revealed no significant differences in the power spectral densities (PSDs) of the whole brain, frontal, and temporal lobes across various frequency bands (δ, θ, α, β, low‐γ, and high‐γ) immediately and up to 30 days postexposure. Notable alterations were observed primarily at 14 days in the PSDs of the parietal lobe, prefrontal cortex, central zone, and occipital lobe, particularly in the θ and α bands. By Day 30, these values returned to normal ranges. ECG alterations were characterized by changes in T‐wave shape and amplitude. One monkey exhibited bidirectional spikes at 7 and 14 days that normalized by Day 30. Another showed similar patterns with reduced amplitude, and a third monkey displayed a towering forward wave at 14 days that persisted at 30 days. In conclusion, the administration of L‐band microwave radiation at the specified dose did not result in immediate alterations to EEG and ECG, but it induced transient modifications in brain electrical activity and normalized after 30 days, which contributed to evaluate the health implications of microwave exposure in humans.
Advanced Drug Delivery Systems Utilizing β‐Lactoglobulin: An Efficient Protein‐Based Drug Carrier
Authors: Gowda Charan M. , Sharma Sanjay , Wairkar Sarika 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTProteins have shown significant potential as carrier systems due to specific binding interactions with several drug molecules. Among several other animal proteins, whey protein (WP) is a by‐product of the dairy industry, mainly composed of globular proteins. β‐Lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major component of WP, which offers a unique functional property for drug delivery, such as thermal stability, binding interactions, favorable charge characteristics, and a spherical shape. Several drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed using BLG as a carrier, including nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanocomposites, nanoemulsions, solid dispersions, microparticles, and hydrogels. These delivery systems improve drug solubility, loading capacity, bioavailability, stability, and release rate and can provide targeted delivery. They have been employed in diverse applications, from treating cancer to enhancing oral drug delivery, reducing the toxicity of specific drugs, and offering controlled drug release. The future of BLG DDSs holds the promise of combination therapies, personalized medicine, and improved targeting precision. This review aims to discuss the role and utilization of BLG in several DDSs as a versatile carrier, revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry. However, further research is expected to focus on optimizing degradation rates, enhancing biological compatibility, and addressing potential immune responses of BLG‐based drug carriers.
Cell Culture Media and Raman Spectra Preprocessing Procedures Impact Glucose Chemometrics
Authors: Pavurala Naresh , Madhavarao Chikkathur N. , Lee Jaeweon , Das Jayanti , Ashraf Muhammad , O'Connor Thomas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDeployment of process analytical technology tools such as Raman or IR spectroscopy and associated multivariate calibration models for process monitoring and control plays an important role in process automation and advanced manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. Preprocessing or preparation of the spectroscopic data is an important step in developing a multivariate calibration model. There are several ways available to preprocess the data and each may influence the calibration model performance differently. Here we investigated the influence of preprocessing procedures on the development and performance of the chemometric models to predict the glucose concentration in a bioreactor. Box–Behnken design of experiment (DOE) was used to generate the Raman spectroscopy data. Four factors were considered critical in the DOE—glucose, glutamine, glutamic acid, and antifoam concentration. Raman spectroscopy data were collected both with and without aeration conditions, independently from three cell culture media. For each medium, data consisted of calibration set (27 conditions) and model validation set (9 conditions) separately. Additionally, Raman data was also collected for certain DOE runs with increasing concentration of cell densities ranging from 0.5 × 10 E06/mL to 30 × 10 E06/mL under aerating conditions. Data from the three cell culture media were used separately to develop calibration models that used four different preprocessing procedures, namely, baseline correction (BLC), Savitzky–Golay smoothing (SGS), Savitzky–Golay derivative (SGD) and orthogonal signal correction (OSC). The preprocessing procedures were applied individually and in combinations to evaluate the calibration model parameters and the performance metrics. We further developed glucose calibration models based on partial least squares (PLS) regression with 1–3 principal components. The models developed with OSC procedure gave superior performance metrics with just one principal component across all three media. Models developed with other preprocessing procedures required two or more principal components to give comparable performance. Overall, the choice of preprocessing procedures affected the model performance.
Empirically Determining Binge/Purge Frequency Thresholds for Differentiating Anorexia Nervosa‐Restricting Subtype vs. Binge–Purge Subtype
Authors: Abber Sophie R. , Peterkin Devon , Brown Carina S. , Joiner Thomas E. , Wierenga Christina E. , Forrest Lauren N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveWhile research supports differentiating anorexia nervosa into binge–purge (AN‐BP) vs. restricting (AN‐R) subtypes, DSM‐5‐TR does not provide a specific threshold of binge and/or purge episodes that constitutes an AN‐BP vs. AN‐R diagnosis. Our review of the literature suggests that cutoffs used for defining AN subtypes are rarely reported and, when reported, are highly heterogeneous. Inconsistent subtyping protocols limit generalizability and understanding of AN‐R and AN‐BP differences.MethodThe present study used structural equation modeling (SEM) trees to empirically determine the frequency of binge eating and/or purging that best differentiates AN subtypes. We then compared empirically determined groups on characteristics frequently found to differ between subtypes. Participants were 731 adolescents and adults with AN (94% female, Mage = 20, 72% clinically diagnosed with AN‐R) in a partial hospitalization program who completed assessments of AN and comorbid symptoms at intake.ResultsSEM tree analyses yielded four subgroups: past‐month binge/purge frequency 0 (AN‐R; n = 396); frequency 1–3 (AN‐BP1; n = 101); frequency 4–15 (AN‐BP2; n = 130); and frequency > 16 (AN‐BP3; n = 98). AN‐R differed from higher frequency groups on 14/22 clinical characteristics, AN‐BP1 differed from higher frequency groups on 11/22 clinical characteristics, and AN‐BP2 differed from higher frequency groups on 2/22 clinical characteristics.ConclusionsFindings suggest that one binge eating and/or purge episode in the past month provides adequate distinction between subtypes. These findings indicate that the DSM's definition of AN‐BP may need to be revised to specify that the presence of any binge eating or purging, rather than “recurrent” binge eating or purging, is sufficient for subtyping AN.
Reseeding Native Species Promotes Community Stability by Improving Species Diversity, Niche, and Interspecific Relationships in the Desert Steppe of Northwest China
Authors: Jiang Haixin , Zhou Yao , Li Wen , Lu Qi , Xu Dongmei , Ma Hongbin , Ma Xingzhong , Tian Xiaowu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe mechanism of community stability is a hot topic in the field of ecology. Research on the stability of the grassland community has gradually increased, and the reseeding of native species is one of the main measures to restore the degraded desert steppe in northwest China. However, little is known about the changes in the stability of the plant community in the desert steppe after reseeding native species. This study established a long‐term observation site for native species reseeding in the desert steppe. We established reseeding and grazing exclusion plots in May 2017 and conducted surveys on degraded grasslands (0YEX(RS)) before setting up reseeding and grazing exclusion treatment experimental plots. After 3 and 6 years of setting up the test, the vegetation restoration status of the plot was investigated, respectively. The results showed that reseeding native species increased the Shannon‐Wiener index and Margalef index of the community. At the same time, the importance value and the breadth of the niche of gramineous plants improved, while the proportion of pairs of high niche overlaps and the logarithm of significant association decreased. The general association of reseeding of the desert steppe was positively correlated, and the stability of the community gradually increased. The results of partial least squares path modelling show that reseeding has a highly significant positive effect on community stability. Both the EX (grazing exclusion grassland) and RS (reseeded grassland) models indicate that niche and diversity indices influence community stability to varying degrees, while interspecific linkage coefficients affect mainly niche overlap. Our research has shown that reseeding native species can improve the intensity of competition between species for resources, leading to a more stable community and ultimately increasing species diversity and community stability. These findings provide valuable theoretical support for vegetation restoration and sustainable management in the desert steppe.
Estimation of energy and exergy efficiency of the trilateral cycle using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Şahin Mehmet Erhan , Elbir Ahmet , Üçgül İbrahim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTrilateral cycles, widely employed in thermal systems for energy transformations, are recognized for their complex structures. In this study, thermodynamic analyses were conducted using R290 refrigerant, resulting in an energy efficiency of 11.15% and an exergy efficiency of 22.6%. Subsequently, the study aimed to estimate energy and exergy efficiencies in trilateral cycles using machine learning algorithms. Data collected during the process were processed using various machine learning algorithms, and the results determined the degree of alignment between prediction models and actual data. Utilizing the Python programming language, estimation values of 95% for exergy and 93% for energy efficiency were obtained. This research endeavors to underscore the potential of machine learning in estimating the energy and exergy efficiency of trilateral cycles, with the ultimate goal of contributing to the efficient design and operation of thermal systems.