bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coccidial Infections in Ranch Mink
Authors: Myers G. H. , Foreyt W. J. , Hartsough G. R. , Todd A. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A field study was conducted from April through June of 1976 to determine whether coccidial infections adversely affect the growth and survivability of young mink. Two anticoccidials, lasalocid (62 mg/kg of feed) and an antibiotic-sulfonamide preparation (220 mg/kg of feed), were incorporated into a standard pelleted ration. Comparisons of weight gains, mortality, and oocyst numbers were made between control and treated groups. Treatment reduced mortality (P<0.001) but did not significantly affect weight gains. The antibiotic-sulfonamide preparation and, to a lesser extent lasalocid, reduced oocyst discharge. Increased oocyst shedding was detected among adult female mink from parturition to weaning of their kits.
Prevalence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii Among Bobcats of West Virginia and Georgia
Authors: Oertley K. D. , Walls K. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bobcats (Felis rufus) from West Virginia and Georgia were examined for Toxoplasma gondii serum antibodies and fecal oocysts. Of the 150 bobcats, 27 (18%) had antibody titers ≥ 1:16, as detected by the indirect hemagglutination test. Oocysts typical of T gondii were not seen in any of the fecal specimens.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Nonhuman Primate
Authors: Gilroy B. A. , Rockoff Μ. A. , Dunlop B. J. , Shapiro H. Μ. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seventeen adult male Cynamolgus monkeys were subjected to potassium chloride-induced cardiopulmonary arrests of 10 to 12 minutes. Pupils became dilated and fixed at a mean interval of 30±11 seconds, and the electroencephalogram became isoelectric at a mean interval of 34±13 seconds. The monkeys were resuscitated by means of oxygen, external cardiac massage, epinephrine, calcium, and bicarbonate. The mean time required to resuscitate the monkeys was 140±70 seconds. After resuscitation, the monkeys were kept in an intensive care unit. Pupillary responsiveness and electroencephalographic activity were slow to return, with mean intervals of 90 ±85 and 108 ±36 minutes, respectively. Although all 17 monkeys were resuscitated, only 9 survived 96 hours or more. Of the 9 survivors, 2 appeared neurologically normal, 3 were moderately impaired, and 4 were severely impaired.
Triple Osteotomy of the Pelvis as a Treatment for Canine Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Schrader Steven C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Triple osteotomy of the pelvis was performed on 9 dysplastic hip joints in 5 dogs. Acetabular redirection and fixation were unopposed by muscular forces, and bony union was achieved in all cases without complications. Two months postoperatively all hip joints were clinically and radiographically stable.
Cross Lid Flap for Repair of Large Upper Eyelid Defects
Authors: Munger Robert J. , Gourley I. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 2-stage technique for reconstruction of large, upper eyelid defects was adapted from a technique used in man for use in lower animals. The technique utilized a flap from the lower lid and was applied successfully in a dog with a melanoma and in 2 cats with colobomas.
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia in Three Miniature Poodles
Authors: Kern Thomas J. , Riis Ronald C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three young Miniature Poodles, including 2 littermates, were referred independently for evaluation of visual deficits and aberrant behavior. One dog was blind, another had minimal useful vision, and a 3rd had relatively normal vision-directed behavior. Reduced pupillary reflexes and poor menace responses were demonstrable in 5 of 6 eyes. The diagnosis in each case was optic nerve hypoplasia.
Unusual Disease Conditions in Pet and Aviary Birds
Authors: Panigrahy B. , Mathewson J. J. , Hall C. F. , Grumbles L. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ninety percent to 100% mortality in budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) nestlings from 2 aviaries was attributed to giardiasis. Treatment with dimetridazole in drinking water was effective in controlling mortality. Aeromonas hydrophila infection incriminated in acute deaths of aviary canaries (Serinus canarius) was successfully treated with chlortetracycline. Aeromonas hydrophila also was isolated in pure culture from a toucan (Ramphastostoco) with acute nephrosis and a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) with chlamydiosis (psittacosis). Coccidiosis associated with hemorrhagic enteritis, diarrhea, and mortality was diagnosed in budgerigars originating from 3 aviaries. Sporulated oocysts from 1 group of budgerigars were identified as Eimera sp. Sulfamethazine in drinking water was an effective treatment.
A Gastric Nematode (Ollulanus tricuspis) in Cats in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Hargis Ann M. , Prieur David J. , Wescott Richard B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ollulanus tricuspis, a minute gastric nematode not previously documented in the United States, was identified by histologic examination and by dissecting microscopic examination of stomach contents of 7 cats from 3 breeding colonies in the Pacific Northwest. The nematode may have contributed to chronic weight loss and undernutrition in part by causing gastric irritation, with resultant vomiting. The findings suggest that infection with Ollulanus parasites may be more widespread in the United States than realized.
Serologic Prevalence of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia in a Western Range Flock of Sheep
Authors: Huffman E. M. , Kirk J. H. , Winward L. , Gorham J. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 254 sheep examined for antibodies to the virus of ovine progressive pneumonia, 162 (63.8%) were seropositive. The mean age of the seropositive ewes was 4.9 ± 1.8 years, which was significantly greater than that for the seronegative ewes (4.1 ± 2.3 years). The age-specific prevalence increased with ewe age, from 25% among yearling ewes to 85% among 7-year-old ewes. Seropositive ewes produced more pounds of live lamb at birth than did seronegative ewes.
Pneumonia in Goats Caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides
Authors: Thigpen J. E. , Kornegay R. W. , Chang J. , McGhee C. E. , Thierry V. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (large-colony type) was isolated from the lungs of a goat with pneumonia. Clinical signs included inappetence, weakness, listlessness, coughing, dyspnea, pyrexia, slight nasal discharge, and lameness. Tylosin (4 mg/kg of body weight) was administered each day for 4 days, resulting in slow recovery. Three weeks later, the clinical signs recurred and the kid was anemic. It was given a single blood transfusion and tylosin was administered daily. The kid's health status steadily declined and it died after 6 days’ treatment. At necropsy, the lungs were edematous and congested. Histopathologic findings were those of septicemia and pneumonia.
Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence in Dogs: Role of the Urethral Pressure Profile
Authors: Rosin Anne E. , Barsanti Jeanne A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine cases of urinary incontinence in dogs were evaluated by various diagnostic methods, including the urethral pressure profile (upp).
The upp was derived from a need to study the dynamics of the urethra in patients with urinary tract obstruction or incompetence of the urethral sphincteric mechanism and was obtained in dogs with similar problems. The method involved slowly withdrawing a fluid-filled catheter through the urethra while a chart recorder graphed the pressure changes within the urethral lumen. The graphs obtained from clinical cases were compared with normal values established for the upp in dogs.
The upp proved to be a simple and reliable means by which to determine intraurethral events and aided in establishing the cause of urinary incontinence in several dogs. The profile provided a graphic description of intraurethral resistance in each case and was valuable in localizing areas of increased urethral resistance or obstructions and decreased urethral resistance or incompetence. Frequently, specific therapy for the urinary incontinence was instituted on the basis of the upp.
Effect of Functional Adrenocortical Tumors on Plasma Cortisol and Corticotropin Concentrations in Dogs
Authors: Feldman Edward C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) concentrations as well as basal and post-acth-stimulation plasma cortisol concentrations were measured in 6 dogs ultimately shown to have hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumors. The basal and post-acth-stimulation plasma cortisol concentrations were found to fluctuate in 4 dogs in which repeat studies were done. Three dogs had at least 1 normal and 1 abnormally high plasma cortisol concentration after exogenous acth administration. A 4th dog had 1 normal and 1 abnormally high resting cortisol concentration. One dog tested twice 3 days apart had similar test results each time and a 6th dog was tested once. All of the dogs had at least 1 plasma endogenous acth concentration greater than 2 standard deviations below the normal mean. All endogenous acth concentrations were less than those previously reported for dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The results indicated that the diagnosis of adrenocortical tumor cannot reliably be made on the basis of the plasma cortisol response to exogenous acth; however, the use of plasma endogenous acth determination can be an important diagnostic aid.
Patterns of Shedding of Cryptosporidial Oocysts in Idaho Calves
Authors: Anderson Bruce C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fecal flotation was found to be a practical procedure for detecting cryptosporidial infection in diarrheic calves. Fifteen naturally infected diarrheic Holstein-Friesian calves passed Cryptosporidium oocysts, beginning 5 to 12 days after birth and continuing for 3 to 12 days.
Development and Resolution of Radiographic Lesions in Canine Heartworm Disease
Authors: Rowlings C. A. , Losonsky J. M. , Lewis R. E. , McCall J. W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thoracic radiography of 7 Beagles was performed before heartworm infection, during a 1-year heart-worm infection, and for 1 year following appropriate treatment. Cardiac and vascular lesions on thoracic radiographs were compared with angiographic changes. Within 3 months of obstructed blood flow in the caudal lobar arteries, associated increased focal parenchymal densities were detected. These lesions were regarded as characteristic of heartworm disease. Although the most severe arteriographic changes were in the caudal lobar arteries, lobar arterial changes on a lateral view were best detected in the right cranial lobar artery. These arteries increased in size during infection and decreased in size after treatment. It was concluded that the dorsoventral view is best for evaluation of the caudal lobar arteries. The most marked parenchymal lesions were detected during the first 6 months following adulticide treatment. These lesions and the other radiographic alterations then decreased in severity. Persistence of the parenchymal lesions were related to persistence of heartworm infection.
Aplastic Anemia Associated with Estrus in Pet Ferrets
Authors: Kociba Gary J. , Caputo Cheryl A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Aplastic anemia in association with estrus was diagnosed in 6 pet ferrets. The ferrets had been examined because of anorexia, depression, and lethargy of 2-5 days' duration. Consistent clinical findings were pale mucous membranes and enlargement of the vulva. Hemorrhages were found in 3 ferrets. Hematologic findings included severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, and hy-pocellularity of the bone marrow. The aplastic anemia was attributed to prolonged estrogenic exposure in ferrets with protracted estrus.
Canine Struvite Urolithiasis: Problems and Their Dissolution
Authors: Osborne Carl A. , Klausner Jeffrey S. , Krawiec Donald R. , Griffith Donald P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) uroliths are found more frequently in the urinary tracts of dogs than are other types of uroliths. Infection of the urinary tract with urease-producing bacteria, especially staphylococci, plays an important role in urolith formation. inherited predisposition to urinary tract infection may be associated with the high rate of occurrence of struvite uroliths in some dogs.
Diagnosis of struvite urolithiasis should encompass analysis of the mineral composition of calculi and identification of concomitant urinary tract infection. Since urinary tract infections occur as sequelae to abnormalities in local or systemic host-defense mechanisms, appropriate effort should be directed toward detection of these abnormalities.
Therapy of struvite urolithiasis should encompass relief of obstruction to outflow when necessary, elimination of existing calculi, eradication or control of urinary tract infection, and prevention of recurrence. Although surgical removal remains as the preferred method to eliminate struvite uroliths from dogs, nonsurgical methods of urolith dissolution should be considered. Recurrence of struvite uroliths may be prevented by various combinations of antimicrobial therapy, administration of urease inhibitors, acidification of urine, and induction of diuresis.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Anatomy and Surgery in a Cat
Authors: Jones Charla L. , Buchanan James W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 5-month-old cat with patent ductus arteriosus (pda) and probable small ventricular septal defect had severe cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure. The cat improved slightly with medical therapy and markedly after surgical closure of the ductus. A 4th left intercostal space thoracotomy gave good exposure. The external anatomy of the pda was similar to that of a short, wide pda in dogs; however, the internal aortic orifice was situated more cranial than in dogs, as evidenced by preoperative cardiac catheterization. Examination 1 year later showed marked reductions in heart size and electrocardiographic amplitude.
The cat was 1 of 3 with clinically diagnosed pda at the University of Pennsylvania from 1968 to 1980. The prevalence of pda in 14,224 cats (0.2/1,000) was significantly less than in 68,049 dogs (4.7/1,000).
Overwintering of Larvae of the Cattle Lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus) on Pasture in Kentucky
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Hemken R. D. , Button F. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seventeen dairy calves, raised lungworm-free, were used in an experiment to determine whether lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus) larvae survived on a pasture in central Kentucky during the winter of 1979/1980. On Apr 22, 1980, the calves were placed on pasture. Three calves were put on pasture A, on which no cattle had grazed for over 20 years. Fourteen calves were put on pasture B, which had been vacant since Dec 12, 1979 (132 days before beginning of experiment), when several lungworm-infected calves had been removed from the pasture. Fecal samples from the 17 calves were examined for lungworm larvae at weekly intervals for about 6 weeks; lungworm larvae were not found in any of the 3 calves on pasture A, but were found in 12 of 14 (86%) calves on pasture B. One calf from pasture A and 3 calves from pasture B were euthanatized 37 days after being placed on pasture; lungworms were recovered from 1 calf from pasture B.
Bullous Pemphigoid Refractory to Recommended Dosage of Prednisolone in a Dog
Authors: Turnwald G. H. , Ochoa R. , Barta O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bullous pemphigoid in a dog was diagnosed on the basis of clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic criteria. There were widespread ulcerative lesions of the skin. Numerous ulcerative lesions and occasional bullous lesions were on the oral mucous membranes. Histopathologic changes included dermal-epidermal separation, with subepidermal production of bullae. Direct immunofluorescent staining of the skin revealed depositions of immunoglobulin G and of the 3rd component of the complement system. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of donor skin sections pretreated with patient's serum revealed antibasement membrane antibody in the patient's serum. Most of the data in the serum immune profile were within normal ranges. Prednisolone therapy did not effect remission at the dosage of 4.4 mg/kg/day, but led to the beginning of remission within 7 days at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg/day. The dosage was gradually reduced to 1.1 mg/kg, at 30 days, after which the drug was given on alternate days at that dosage. The healing was complete within 35 days, without any remissions when the dog was last examined (ie, over 6 months).
Patterns of Oral Bacterial Infection in Captive Snakes
Authors: Draper C. S. , Walker R. D. , Lawler H. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The bacterial isolates from culture specimens of snakes with infectious stomatitis were compared with those from culture specimens of the oral cavity of healthy captive snakes. Cloacal swab specimens were also taken from healthy snakes to compare their intestinal and oral bacterial populations.
The healthy snakes had a predominantly gram-positive oral flora, with Corynebacterium spp and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp being the organisms isolated most frequently. The specimens from snakes with infectious stomatitis yielded predominantly gram-negative bacteria. The organisms most frequently isolated from these specimens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providencia rettgeri, and P maltophilia. The cloacal swabbing of healthy snakes also resulted in the isolation of predominantly gram-negative organisms, suggesting that these bacteria are not exogenous pathogens but opportunistic invaders.
Fatal Herpesvirus Infection in Patas Monkeys and a Black and White Colobus Monkey
Authors: Loomis Michael R. , O'Neill Timothy , Bush Mitchell , Montali Richard J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fatal herpesvirus infections were diagnosed in 3 patas monkeys and 1 black and white colobus monkey over a 4-week period. Herpesvirus was isolated from 1 patas monkey and from the black and white colobus monkey. Both isolates had growth characteristics similar to Herpesvirus hominis and Herpesvirus simiae. The isolate from the colobus monkey antigenically appeared to be H simiae or H simiae-like, whereas the isolate from the patas monkey could not be conclusively identified with the antisera used. All affected animals were housed in close proximity to rhesus monkeys, the carrier host of H simiae.
Maternally Derived Immunity to Canine Parvovirus Infection: Transfer, Decline, and Interference with Vaccination
Authors: Pollock R.V.H. , Carmichael L. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antibody to canine parvovirus (cpv) was transferred from an immune bitch to her pups through the placenta and colostrum. Colostral transfer accounted for approximately 90% of the maternally-derived cpvantibody. After suckling, pups had hemagglutination-inhibition titers that averaged 50% of their dam's titer. Maternally derived cpv antibody declined with a half-life of 9.7 days. Pups with hemagglutination-inhibition titers ≥1:80 were immune to oronasal challenge with virulent cpv, but any detectable hemagglutination-inhibition antibody (titer ≥1:10) interfered with active immunization by modified-live feline panleukopenia virus, inactivated feline panleukopenia virus, or inactivated cpv vaccines.
Salmonellosis in Dogs with Lymphosarcoma
Authors: Calvert Clay A. , Leifer Connie E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 6 dogs with multicentric lymphosarcoma, salmonellosis developed shortly after the start of anticancer chemotherapy. Three of the dogs died. Signs of illness in those that died were vomiting, diarrhea, neutropenia, anorexia, and fever, usually within 3 days of the start of chemotherapy.
Treatment of canine actinomycosis
Authors: Hardie Elizabeth M. , Barsanti Jeanne A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sixteen cases of actinomycosis seen at the University of Georgia were reviewed. Treatment in 15 cases consisted of long-term antibiotic therapy combined with lavage and drainage of the affected area. Surgical debridement was used in several cases. Treatment was successful in 12 cases.
Phenoxybenzamine for the treatment of severe nonresponsive diarrhea in the horse
Authors: Hood David M. , Stephens Kay A. , Bowen M. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Phenoxybenzamine, an alpha adrenergic antagonist, was administered iv to 6 clinically normal horses, 5 horses with experimentally induced diarrhea, and 7 horses with naturally occurring diarrhea. It was established that a total of 2 mg of phenoxybenzamine/kg of body weight given in divided doses resulted in alpha adrenergic blockage of approximately 72 hours’ duration, tranquilization, and mild constipation in the normal horse. The 5 experimental cases of diarrhea were involved in a laminitis research protocol in which laminitis was induced by oral carbohydrate overload. In all 5 of those cases, the severity of the diarrhea that accompanied the carbohydrate overload was reduced. The 7 clinical cases consisted of 2 foals and 5 adults with diarrhea, some of which were nonresponsive to conventional treatment. One of the foals did not respond to the phenoxybenzamine, and the other had a questionable response, whereas the 5 adults all responded favorably to the agent.
It was concluded that phenoxybenzamine has a potential place in the therapy of some cases of diarrhea that are nonresponsive to conventional therapy. The mechanism of action of phenoxybenzamine on diarrhea is not known at this time.
Acute vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) toxicosis in horses: Case report and experimental studies
Authors: Harrington Daniel D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Acute accidental vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) toxicosis was diagnosed in a 6-month-old foal with extensive lesions of soft tissue mineralization. In an experimental study, three 18-month-old horses were given ergocalciferol per os at a rate of 9,300, 22,200, or 47,200 IU/kg of body weight/day for 21 days. Clinical signs or lesions were not seen in horses given the low and intermediate doses, whereas the horse receiving the highest dose developed clinical signs and lesions similar to those noted in the foal. Signs included depression, loss of appetite, weakness, limb stiffness with impaired mobility, and cessation of growth or weight loss. Gross and histologic lesions of mineralization of various soft tissues, especially of the endocardium and wall of large blood vessels, were seen in the foal and the horse given the high dose. Marked, persistent, hyperphosphatemia (7.0 to 13.0 mg of P/dl of serum) developed in each horse. The horse given the intermediate dose remained normocalcemic. Horses given the low and high doses became hypercalcemic (13.6 to 14.5 mg of Ca/dl of serum), but serum calcium concentrations varied from day to day and both horses were normocalcemic at necropsy (12.4 to 12.7 mg of Ca/dl of serum). Distal metacarpal bone ash concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium of the foal were (mg/g of bone ash) 400.5, 180.5, and 5.30, respectively. In the horses, treatment with ergocalciferol also had no significant effect on serum magnesium (1.88 to 2.18 mg/dl of serum) or distal metacarpal bone ash concentrations of calcium (352.5 to 362.5 mg/g of bone ash), phosphorus (182.5 to 184.0 mg/g of bone ash), or magnesium (5.48 to 6.02 mg/g of bone ash).