bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherent corticomuscular oscillations originate from primary motor cortex: Evidence from patients with early brain lesions
Authors: Gerloff Christian , Braun Christoph , Staudt Martin , Hegner Yiwen Li , Dichgans Johannes , Krägeloh‐Mann Ingeborg 
Published: February 2006

AbstractCoherent oscillations of neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) have been shown to be involved in the corticospinal control of muscle activity. This interaction between M1 and muscle can be measured by the analysis of corticomuscular coherence in the β‐frequency range (β‐CMCoh; 14–30 Hz). Largely based on magnetoencephalographic (MEG) source‐modeling data, it is widely assumed that β‐CMCoh reflects direct coupling between M1 and muscle. Deafferentation is capable of modulating β‐CMCoh, however, and therefore the influence of reafferent somatosensory signaling and corresponding neuronal activity in the somatosensory cortex (S1) has been unclear. We present transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and MEG data from three adult patients suffering from congenital hemiparesis due to pre‐ and perinatally acquired lesions of the pyramidal tract. In these patients, interhemispheric reorganization had resulted in relocation of M1 to the contralesional hemisphere, ipsilateral to the paretic hand, whereas S1 had remained in the lesioned hemisphere. This topographic dichotomy allowed for an unequivocal topographic differentiation of M1 and S1 with MEG (which is not possible if M1 and S1 are directly adjacent within one hemisphere). In all patients, β‐CMCoh originated from the contralesional M1, in accordance with the TMS‐evoked motor responses, and in contrast to the somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) for which the sources (N20m) were localized in S1 of the lesioned hemisphere. These data provide direct evidence for the concept that β‐CMCoh reflects the motorcortical efferent drive from M1 to the spinal motoneuron pool and muscle. No evidence was found for a relevant contribution of neuronal activity in S1 to β‐CMCoh. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of MSK1 in the signaling pathway leading to VEGF‐mediated PAF synthesis in endothelial cells
Authors: Marchand Catherine , Favier Judith , Sirois Martin G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inflammatory effects require acute platelet‐activating factor (PAF) synthesis by endothelial cells (EC). We previously reported that VEGF‐mediated PAF synthesis involves the activation of VEGF receptor‐2/Neuropilin‐1 complex, which is leading to the activation of p38 and p42/44 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and group V secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2‐V). As the mechanisms regulating sPLA2‐V remain unknown, we addressed the role of the mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase‐1 (MSK1), which can be rapidly and transiently activated by p38 or p42/44 MAPKs. In native bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), we observed a constitutive protein interaction of MSK1 with p38, p42/44 MAPKs, and sPLA2‐V. These protein interactions were maintained in BAEC transfected either with the empty vector pCDNA3.1, wild‐type MSK1 (MSK1‐WT) or N‐terminal dead kinase MSK1 mutant (MSK1‐D195A). However, in BAEC expressing C‐terminal dead kinase MSK1 mutant (MSK1‐D565A), the interaction between MSK1 and sPLA2‐V was reduced by 82% and 90% under basal and VEGF‐treated conditions as compared to native BAEC. Treatment with VEGF for 15 min increased basal PAF synthesis in native BAEC, pCDNA3.1, MSK1‐WT, and MSK1‐D195A by 166%, 139%, 125%, and 82%, respectively. In contrast, PAF synthesis was prevented in cells expressing MSK1‐D565A mutant. These results demonstrate the essential role of the C‐terminal domain of MSK1 for its constitutive interaction with sPLA2‐V, which appears essential to support VEGF‐mediated PAF synthesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 1095–1105, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radical reaction C3H+NO: A mechanistic study
Authors: Xie Hong‐Bin , Ding Yi‐Hong , Sun Chia‐Chung 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAlthough a number of hydrocarbon radicals including the heavier C3‐radicals C3H3 and C3H5 have been experimentally shown to deplete NO effectively, no theoretical or experimental attempts have been made on the reactivity of the simplest C3‐radical towards NO. In this article, we report our detailed mechanistic study on the C3H+NO reaction at the Gussian‐3//B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level by constructing the singlet and triplet electronic state [H,C3,N,O] potential energy surfaces (PESs). The l‐C3H+NO reaction is shown to barrierlessly form the entrance isomer HCCCNO followed by the direct O‐elimination leading to HCCCN+3O on triplet PES, or by successive O‐transfer, N‐insertion, and CN bond‐rupture to generate the product 1HCCN+CO on singlet PES. The possible singlet–triplet intersystem crossings are also discussed. Thus, the novel reaction l‐C3H+NO can proceed effectively even at low temperatures and is expected to play an important role in both combustion and interstellar processes. For the c‐C3H+NO reaction, the initially formed HcCCCNO can most favorably isomerize to HCCCNO, and further evolution follows that of the l‐C3H+NO reaction. Quantitatively, the c‐C3H+NO reaction can take place barrierlessly on singlet PES, yet it faces a small barrier 2.7 kcal/mol on triplet PES. The results will enrich our understanding of the chemistry of the simplest C3‐radical in both combustion and interstellar processes, which to date have received little attention despite their importance and available abundant studies on its structural and spectroscopic properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 641–660, 2006
Synthesis of the 15N‐labelled insecticide imidacloprid
Authors: Schippers Nicole , Schwack Wolfgang 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA five‐step synthesis of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (1) labelled with 15N is reported in an overall yield of 10%. The stable isotope 15N was introduced in the pyridine part by reaction of 15NH3 with coumalic acid methyl ester (2) to 15N‐hydroxy nicotinic acid (3) followed by further reactions to 15N‐2‐chloro‐5‐(chloromethyl) pyridine (6) which was coupled with N‐nitroimidazolidin‐2‐imine to yield 1. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of diffusion‐weighted imaging for the differential diagnosis of poorly contrast‐enhanced and T2‐prolonged bone masses: Initial experience
Authors: Hayashida Yoshiko , Hirai Toshinori , Yakushiji Toshitake , Katahira Kazuhiro , Shimomura Osamu , Imuta Masanori , Nakaura Takeshi , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Awai Kazuo , Yamashita Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether quantitative diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is useful for characterizing poorly contrast‐enhanced and T2‐prolonged bone masses.Materials and MethodsWe studied 20 bone masses that showed high signal intensity on T2‐weighted images and poor enhancement on contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images. These included eight solitary bone cysts, five fibrous dysplasias, and seven chondrosarcomas. To analyze diffusion changes we calculated the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for each lesion.ResultsThe ADC values of the two types of benign lesions and chondrosarcomas were not significantly different. However, the mean ADC value of solitary bone cysts (mean ±SD, 2.57 ± 0.13 × 10–3 mm2/second) was significantly higher than that of fibrous dysplasias and chondrosarcomas (2.0 ± 0.21 × 10–3 mm2/second and 2.29 ± 0.14 × 10–3 mm2/second, respectively, P < 0.05). None of the lesions with ADC values lower than 2.0 × 10–3 mm2/second were chondrosarcomas.ConclusionAlthough there was some overlapping in the ADC values of chondrosarcomas, solitary bone cyst, and fibrous dysplasia, quantitative DWI may aid in the differential diagnosis of poorly contrast‐enhanced and T2‐prolonged bone masses. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AT&T adds business continuity to the long list of telework's advantages
Authors: Roitz Joseph , Jackson Ellen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAT&T's experience in making telework an essential part of its organizational strategy can serve as a model for other knowledge‐based companies looking for new sources of competitive advantage. The promises of telework—reduced real estate costs, productivity gains, higher employee satisfaction and retention—have materialized as measurable returns for AT&T. Hurricane Katrina provided just the latest evidence of another important telework contribution, business continuity, with sizable benefits for the company, its customers, and its employees. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond knowledge sharing: the management of transactive knowledge systems
Authors: Brauner Elisabeth , Becker Albrecht 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMost approaches to organizational learning and knowledge management concentrate on implicit and shared knowledge as basis for organizational competencies and competitive advantage. In this paper we argue that it is explicit and unshared expertise rather than implicit and shared knowledge which is valuable for organizations. We ground our argument in a psychological concept of personal knowledge held by individuals and on the theory of transactive knowledge systems, which accounts for the social integration of individual knowledge. Transactive knowledge systems as webs of knowledge about knowledge are the core of organizational knowledge. We discuss challenges for knowledge management derived from this view, namely the requirement to view knowledge management as a social interactive process. Furthermore, conclusions concerning the role of information technology and human resource management are drawn. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competence transfer from old timers to newcomers analysed with the help of the holistic concept of man
Authors: Koskinen Kaj U. , Pihlanto Pekka 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis conceptual article addresses the question of how the competencies of old timers are transferred to newcomers in the context of a technology company. First, an individual's personal competence which is divided into knowledge based competencies and socially based competencies is illustrated. A special focus is on how the competence alters in the course of the individual's working life. Second, our conceptual tool the ‘Holistic Concept of Man’, which defines the human individual to consist of three deeply intertwined modes of existence (i.e.consciousness,situationalityandcorporeality), is described. Third, because in the literature thecommunicabilityandmotivationare often identified as factors that facilitate or hinder competence transfer, these factors are analysed by the tool mentioned. However, because the competence is, in fact, transferred from the worldview of an old timer to the worldview of a newcomer, this concept is described before the analysis. Also the notion of communicability is divided further and handled in three different sub‐sections dealing with: straight interaction between an old timer and a newcomer, action learning, and workplace learning. The paper ends with the conclusion that when studying and analysing competence transfer in practice, three individual dimensions (i.e. consciousness, situationality and corporeality) should be understood and taken into consideration. It is also concluded that old timers' and newcomers' different worldviews and different situationalities are the central reasons for difficulties in the competence transferring process between these parties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cortical atrophy in the cerebellar variant of multiple system atrophy: A voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Brenneis Christian , Boesch Sylvia M. , Egger Karl E. , Seppi Klaus , Scherfler Christoph , Schocke Michael , Wenning Gregor K. , Poewe Werner 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study aimed to determine in vivo the atrophy patterns in clinically established cerebellar variant of multiple‐system atrophy (MSA‐C) using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM). Thirteen patients with MSA‐C (12 probable, 1 possible) and 13 healthy controls matched for age and sex were included. High‐resolution MR images were acquired with a 1.5 T scanner. Images were normalized onto a study‐specific template, segmented into the tissue compartments, modulated with the Jacobian determinants, and finally smoothed with a Gaussian kernel filter of 10 mm. The general linear model was used to assess statistical differences in gray and white matter. Infratentorial atrophy was observed in the cerebellar hemispheres, vermis, mesencephalon, and pons of MSA‐C patients. Supratentorial volume loss was found in orbitofrontal and mid‐frontal regions as well as in temporomesial and insular areas of both hemispheres. A negative correlation was observed between a cerebellar ataxia score and the volume of cerebellar hemispheres, peduncles, and pons. To compare this atrophy pattern to that of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA2), which was previously reported by our group, a conjunction analysis was assessed. We observed a volume loss shared by both disorders comprising the cerebellum, vermis, pons, mesencephalon, orbitofrontal, mid‐frontal, and temporomesial cortex of both hemispheres as well as the left insular cortex. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Solid‐state NMR investigation of sodium nucleotide complexes
Authors: Grant Christopher V. , McElheny Dan , Frydman Veronica , Frydman Lucio 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSolid‐state NMR has been used to analyze the chemical environments of sodium sites in powdered crystalline samples of sodium nucleotide complexes. Three of the studied complexes have been previously characterized structurally by crystallography (disodium deoxycytidine‐5′‐monophosphate heptahydrate, disodium deoxyuridine‐5′‐monophosphate pentahydrate and disodium adensoine‐5′‐triphosphate trihydrate). For these salts, the nuclear quadrupole coupling parameters measured by 23Na multiple‐quantum magic‐angle‐spinning NMR could be readily correlated with sodium ion coordination environments. Furthermore, two complexes that had not been previously characterized structurally, disodium uridine‐3′‐monophosphate and a disodium uridine‐3′‐monophosphate/disodium uridine‐2′‐monophosphate mix, were identified by solid‐state NMR. A spectroscopic assignment of the four sites of an additional salt, disodium adensoine‐5′‐triphosphate trihydrate, is also presented and discussed within the context of creating a general approach for the spectroscopic assignment of multiple sites in sodium nucleotide complexes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐state 207Pb NMR studies of lead‐group 16 and mixed transition‐metal/lead‐group 16 element‐containing materials
Authors: Van Bramer S. E. , Glatfelter A. , Bai S. , Dybowski C. , Neue G. , Perry D. L. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract207Pb solid‐state NMR studies have been conducted on binary lead‐group 16 and mixed transition‐metal/lead group 16 materials, correlating the NMR chemical shifts of the materials with their structures. The experimental results show that the 207Pb chemical shifts are strongly influenced by the local electronic structure. Data are reported for lead selenide, lead selenate, calcium plumbate, strontium plumbite, barium plumbite, lead borate, lead zirconate, lead tungstate, lead meta‐tantalate, lead niobate, lead molybdate, lead meta‐vanadate, lead sulfite, and lead sulfate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting the calculation of 13C chemical shift tensors in cadmium acetate dihydrate with EIM and EIM/cluster methods
Authors: Orendt Anita M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe chemical shift tensors of the acetate anions in cadmium acetate dihydrate are calculated using a cluster approach, the embedded ion method (EIM), and a combination of the two in the EIM/cluster method. The results of these calculations are compared with those completed on the isolated acetate anion and show the need for the inclusion of intermolecular interactions. The RMS difference between experiment and theory improves from over 60 ppm when the calculation is completed on an isolated anion, to below 10 ppm when interactions to nearby atoms are included. The best cluster model includes three cadmium acetate dihydrate and gives an RMS result of 4.4 ppm. The EIM method, which uses point charges to account for the intermolecular effects, achieves an RMS of 7.7 ppm on individual anions alone. A combination of the two, the EIM/cluster method, shows that the only necessary atom to explicitly add is the nearest cadmium; this addition results in an RMS of 4.1 ppm. These results are also discussed in terms of the computational cost of the different calculations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intermolecular shielding from molecular magnetic susceptibility. A new view of intermolecular ring current effects
Authors: Facelli Julio C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper presents calculations of the NICS (nuclear independent chemical shieldings) in a rectangular grid surrounding the molecules of benzene, naphthalene and coronene. Using the relationship between calculated NICS and the induced magnetic field, the calculated NICS are used to predict intermolecular effects due to molecular magnetic susceptibility or ring current effects. As expected from approximate ring current models, these intermolecular shielding effects are concentrated along the direction perpendicular to the molecular plane and they approach asymptotically to a dipolar functional dependence, i.e. (1–3 cos2θ)/r3). The deviations from the dipolar functional form require that the calculations of these intermolecular effects be done using a suitable interpolation scheme of the NICS calculated on the grid. The analysis of the NICS tensor components shows that these intermolecular shielding effects should be primarily expected on shielding components of the neighboring molecules nuclei, which are perpendicular to the molecular plane of the aromatic compound generating the induced field. The analysis of the calculated NICS along the series benzene, naphthalene and coronene shows that these intermolecular effects increase monotonically with the number of aromatic rings. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggressive and nonaggressive rejected students: An analysis of their differences
Authors: López Estefanía Estévez , Olaizola Juan Herrero , Ferrer Belén Martínez , Ochoa Gonzalo Musitu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe present study aimed to analyze differences between aggressive and nonaggressive rejected students in four sets of variables: personal, family, school, and social. Participants in the study were 843 Spanish adolescents ranging in age from 11 to 16 years old, of whom 47% were boys. Results indicated that these two subgroups of rejected students show a different profile. Aggressive rejected students informed of lower levels of family self‐esteem, less parental support, higher levels of aggression between their parents at home, and a more offensive parent–child communication in comparison with nonaggressive rejected adolescents. Moreover, aggressive rejected students showed lower levels of academic self‐esteem, a more negative attitude toward school and studies, poorer relationships with teachers, and more academic difficulties than did adolescents in the nonaggressive rejected subgroup. Finally, aggressive rejected students indicated the presence of more undesirable life events and changes in their lives and, in general, higher levels of perceived stress. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 387–400, 2006.
Effect of body mass index on response to methacholine bronchial provocation in healthy and asthmatic adolescents
Authors: Mansell Anthony L. , Walders Natalie , Wamboldt Marianne Z. , Carter Rick , Steele Dale W. , Devin Jerilyn A. , Monica Taylor H. , Miller Alison L. , Wamboldt Frederick S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA linkage between airway hyperreactivity and obesity could partly explain the prevalence of obesity in asthmatics. To test for such a linkage, we analyzed body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function, methacholine bronchial provocation, and asthma severity scores in 216 adolescents (aged 12–18 years), of whom 82 were healthy and 134 were asthmatic. Methacholine provocations in a subgroup of 36 subjects (healthy and asthmatic) enabled us to examine the effects of BMI on dynamic hyperinflation and ventilatory indices during induced bronchospasm. Age‐ and gender‐specific BMI was higher in asthmatics (74 ± 24%) compared to healthy subjects (61 ± 28%, P < 0.002). General linear model analysis, in which baseline spirometric results were adjusted for gender, age, race, and height, showed opposing effects of BMI on expiratory flow in controls and asthmatics (P < 0.05), i.e., forced expired volume in 1 sec increased with BMI in controls (P < 0.02), but forced expiratory flow (FEF)25–75% decreased with BMI in asthmatics (P < 0.05). However, linear regression analysis showed no effect of BMI on the provocation dose for methacholine (PD20) in either controls or asthmatics, and there was no effect of BMI on asthma severity scores. Overweight (BMI >85th percentile) and nonoverweight subjects had similar degrees of dynamic hyperinflation during positive provocations, but overweight subjects had greater decreases in mean inspiratory flow (mean, 28% vs. 9%, P < 0.05). We conclude that our measurements support a relationship between overweight and baseline flow limitation, rather than a relationship between overweight and airways hyperreactivity, in the linkage between overweight and asthma during adolescence. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006; 41:434–440. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional grouping based on signatures in protein termini
Authors: Bahir Iris , Linial Michal 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe two ends of each protein are known as the amino (N‐) and carboxyl (C‐) termini. Short signatures in a protein's termini often carry vital cellular function. No systematic research has been conducted to address the importance of short signatures (3 to 10 amino acids) in protein termini at the proteomic level. Specifically, it is unknown whether such signatures are evolutionarily conserved, and if so, whether this conservation confers shared biological functions. Current signature detection methods fail to detect such short signatures due to inadequate statistical scores. The findings presented in this study strongly support the notion that functional significance of protein sets may be captured by short signatures at their termini. A positional search method was applied to over one million proteins from the UniProt database. The result is a collection of about a thousand significant signature groups (SIGs) that include previously identified as well as many novel signatures in protein termini. These SIGs represent protein sets with minimal or no overall sequence similarity excepting the similarity at their termini. The most significant SIGs are assigned by their strong correspondence to functional annotations derived from external databases such as Gene Ontology. Each of the SIGs is associated with the statistical significance of its functional association. These SIGs provide a valuable source for testing previously overlooked signatures in protein termini and allow for the investigation of the role played by such signatures throughout evolution. The SIGs archive and advanced search options are available at http://www.proteus.cs.huji.ac.il. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.