bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of oogenesis by proteinaceous adult diets for screwworm,Cochliomyia hominivorax(Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Hammack L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe influence of protein in the adult diet on first cycle gonotrophic development was examined in newly colonized screwworm flies,Cochliomyia hominivorax(Coquerel), reared on an artificial larval diet and bred in subsequent generations from females stimulated to oviposit only after all individuals in a colony were expected to have matured their eggs. This latter criterion was established with the goal of reducing selection for early ovarian maturity and increased autogeny. Under these conditions, supplementing the diet with raw meat during the first week after adult emergence hastened egg maturation by two to four days or more, increased the percentage of seven- to ten-day-old females that was gravid by 45%, and boosted the number of eggs per gravid female byc.30%. The serous discharge from screwworm-infested sheep wounds, a casein–salt mixture, or casein in potassium hydroxide was as effective as raw meat. Addition of B vitamins to the casein–salt mixture was without further effect. The measures taken to reduce selection for altered gonotrophic development were not critically evaluated here, but they appeared successful in that age and protein affected ovarian maturation rates similarly in F2and F27. Fecundity measured as eggs matured per gravid female differed between generations, but appeared correlated with size differences that were unrelated to colonization duration.
Evidence for the presence of chemicals attractive to the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in dead banana leaves
Authors: Braimah H. , van Emden H.F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effects of host and non-host plant odours on the foraging responses of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), were investigated in the laboratory through arena and olfactometer bioassays. Contrary to previous reports that banana rhizome and pseudostem were the most attractive parts to the weevil, dead leaves were most preferred. Comparison of dead banana leaves with dead leaves of other plants showed that attractant odours were present in yam, cocoyam and dead grasses but absent in cocoa and soybean leaves. Complete leaf senescence while the leaf was attached to the mother plant proved necessary for the development of the dead-leaf-based odours but the involvement of microbial organisms could not be demonstrated. It is possible that dead-leaf-based attractants could be used in combination with microbials such as entomogenous fungi and nematodes in integrated management of C. sordidus.
Coblation tonsillectomy: a prospective, double-blind, randomised, clinical and histopathological comparison with dissection–ligation, monopolar electrocautery and laser tonsillectomies
Authors: Magdy E A , Elwany S , El-Daly A S , Abdel-Hadi M , Morshedy M A 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction:Coblation tonsillectomy is a relatively recently introduced surgical technique which attempts to bridge the gap between ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ tonsillectomy methods.Aim:To compare coblation tonsillectomy with three commonly used surgical techniques: cold dissection–ligation, monopolar electrocautery and CO2 laser.Materials and methods:A prospective, randomised, double-blinded clinical trial was undertaken of 60 adult patients divided into three equal study groups. Patients in each group were randomly assigned to have one tonsil removed with coblation and the second with one of the other three tonsillectomy techniques. Ten randomly selected tonsils resected by each method were sent for histopathological evaluation.Results:Coblation was significantly faster to perform than laser and produced significantly less intra-operative blood loss than both the dissection–ligation and laser techniques. Subjective visual analogue scale comparisons showed a non-significant pain score difference between coblation and dissection–ligation on most post-operative days. Coblation produced consistently highly significantly (p < 0.001) less pain, compared with electrocautery up to the 12th post-operative day and laser up to the 10th post-operative day. There was no significant difference in tonsillar fossa healing, comparing coblation to both dissection–ligation and laser techniques. Monopolar electrocautery produced significantly slower healing than coblation after 7 post-operative days, with no significant difference after 15 post-operative days. Histopathological evaluation showed that coblation inflicted significantly less thermal tissue injury than either electrocautery (p = 0.001) or laser (p = 0.003).Conclusions:In adult patients, coblation tonsillectomy offers some significant advantages in terms of post-operative pain and healing, compared with other tonsillectomy techniques.
Parapharyngeal abscess in a previously tonsillectomised child with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis syndrome: first reported case
Authors: Rollin M , Majithia A , Stearns M 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:we present the first reported case of parapharyngeal abscess in a child with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis syndrome, an uncommon syndrome of recurrent, self-limiting fever in children.Method:Case report and review of the literature to date concerning periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis syndrome.Results:Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis syndrome is an incompletely understood syndrome which requires careful and thorough investigation in order to distinguish it from other causes of recurrent fever. There has been much recent debate in the literature over the merits of various treatment strategies, including tonsillectomy.Conclusion:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a parapharyngeal abscess in a child with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis syndrome, made more significant by the fact that the child had undergone tonsillectomy one year prior. This case provides evidence that tonsillectomy does not protect against one of the more serious complications of oropharyngeal infection in children with this syndrome.
Conservativity of random Markov fibred systems
Authors: DENKER MANFRED , KIFER YURI , STADLBAUER MANUEL 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this paper we extend results concerning conservativity and the existence of σ-finite measures to random transformations which admit a countable relative Markov partition. We consider random systems which are locally fibre-preserving and which admit a countable, relative Markov partition. If the system is relative irreducible and satisfies a relative distortion property we deduce that the system is either totally dissipative or conservative and ergodic. For conservative systems, we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of absolutely continuous σ-finite invariant measures.
An Analysis of the Height of Tries with Random Weights on the Edges
Authors: BROUTIN N. , DEVROYE L. 
Published: November 2007

We analyse the weighted height of random tries built from independent strings of i.i.d. symbols on the finite alphabet {1, . . .d}. The edges receive random weights whose distribution depends upon the number of strings that visit that edge. Such a model covers the hybrid tries of de la Briandais and the TST of Bentley and Sedgewick, where the search time for a string can be decomposed as a sum of processing times for each symbol in the string. Our weighted trie model also permits one to study maximal path imbalance. In all cases, the weighted height is shown to be asymptotic toclognin probability, wherecis determined by the behaviour of thecoreof the trie (the part where all nodes have a full set of children) and the fringe of the trie (the part of the trie where nodes have only one child and formspaghetti-like trees). It can be found by maximizing a function that is related to the Cramér exponent of the distribution of the edge weights.
The complexity of governance change: reforming the governance of medical performance in Germany
Authors: Burau Viola 
Published: November 2007

Abstract:The governance of medical performance is changing and new governing instruments are emerging. Existing analyses highlight the complexity of new governance arrangements, but the more or less dualistic perspective limits the possibility for exploring more fully this complexity. The present article therefore uses recent contributions to the literature on governance to explore the co-existence of different forms of governance with the aim of assessing the relative extent and the substantive nature of governance change. Using recent reforms of the governance of medical performance in Germany as a case study, the analysis suggests that the complexity of governance change takes three forms: first, the balance among (hybrid) forms of governance is shifting; second, the nature of individual (hybrid) forms of governance is changing; and, third, both types of change are reflected in tensions not only between but also within (hybrid) forms of governance. As such, the article also contributes to the recent literature on governance by highlighting the centrality of tensions in contemporary governance, which can also occur within both hybrid forms of governance and `pure' forms of governance.
BLOOD ELECTROLYTES IN THE AUSTRALIAN CAMEL
Authors: Little A , McKenzie AJ , Morris RJH , Roberts J , Evans JV 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe blood of 40 camels has been examined. The erythrocyte electrolyte concentrations/litre of red blood cells were significantly lower than those of other mammals. This low electrolyte level/litre of red blood cells appears to be due to a very high concentration of haemoglobin within the cell. A mean cell hemoglobin concentration of approximately 50% has been demonstrated in the camel. Similarities between the erythrocytes of the camel and those of a rare sheep red blood cell type are noted.
School nurses and sex education: surveillance and disciplinary practices in primary schools
Authors: Hayter Mark , Piercy Hilary , Massey Marie‐Therese , Gregory Trudy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTitle.  School nurses and sex education: surveillance and disciplinary practices in primary schools Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore how school nurses perceive the influence of schools on their role in delivering sex and relationship education in primary schools.Background.  School nurses play a key role in sex education in English schools. However, sex education is a contentious issue meaning the sex education of children is often an area of tension within the curriculum. However, the impact of these tensions upon school nursing practice is poorly described.Method.  Three focus groups with a convenience sample of 16 nurses experienced in conducting sex and relationship education were conducted during 2006. Focus groups were audio‐taped, transcribed verbatim and subjected to a thematic analysis.Findings.  Four themes were identified in the data: ‘covert surveillance’ refers to school staff conducting clandestine surveillance of the classroom actions of the nurse; ‘overt surveillance’ reflects how nurses felt they were being openly monitored by teachers in the classroom; ‘Teacher attitude’ refers to the interventions of the supervising teacher in the classroom during the sex education session and ‘resistance practices’ detailed how nurses attempted to manage the disciplinary practices of the school.Conclusion.  School nurses need to be pragmatic about the fact that there will be some attempts by the school to regulate sex education. Developing an early dialogue with the school can mediate this. Closer working practices and the involvement of school nurses in the development of sex education policy and practice is vital to ensure that they continue to make a valuable contribution to sex education in schools.
Assessing ecological responses to environmental change using statistical models
Authors: Ferguson C. A , Carvalho L , Scott E. M , Bowman A. W , Kirika A 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThere is a clear need to improve our ability to assess the ecological consequences of environmental change. Because of the complexity of ecosystems and a need to disentangle the effects of multiple pressures, predictions are often reliant on models and expert opinion. These require validation with observed data; in this respect, long‐term data sets are particularly valuable.Innovative statistical methods (nonparametric regression and additive models) are presented for identifying nonparametric ecological trends and changes in seasonality in response to environmental change. These are illustrated through the example of Loch Leven, a shallow freshwater lake. Monitoring data for 35 years are examined, spanning periods of enrichment, ecological recovery and changing climate.Models are developed for phosphorus and nitrogen; temperature and rainfall;Daphniagrazers; and chlorophyll a, with the ecological objectives of examining trends in water quality and the corresponding trends in nutrient availability, grazer abundance and climate.The analysis highlighted a generally decreasing availability of P over the study period, and generally increasing nonparametric trends in nitrate concentration and rainfall. Increasing spring temperatures were also evident, as were significant nonparametric changes in density of summer grazers.Significant reductions are highlighted in spring and summer chlorophyll a, related to the return ofDaphniato the loch. However, no response in chorophyll ato the later declining trends in P is apparent, but seasonality has changed.Synthesis and applications.The analysis highlights the value of nonparametric statistical models for assessing complex ecological responses to environmental change. The models outlined can examine key ecological impacts of climate change, particularly effects on the timing of seasonal events and processes. The models are illustrated using long‐term water‐quality data from Loch Leven to explore patterns in key environmental drivers and ecological responses affecting freshwater ecosystems. Analysis of chlorophyll a, in particular, highlighted the value of examining the seasonal trends separately, with different trends evident for winter and spring and a changing seasonal pattern.
Pt-metal Oxide Anode Electrocatalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Scibioh M. Aulice , Kim Soo-Kil , Lim Tae-Hoon , Hong Seong-Ahn , Ha Heung Yong 
Published: November 2007

Ceria (CeO2) as a co-catalytic material with Pt has been	investigated for methanol electrooxidation reaction. A series of Pt-CeO2/C catalysts with various compositions of ceria, viz. 40wt% Pt- x(CeO2)/C (x = 0 to 8 wt%) and to compare its activity with a well known methanol oxidation catalyst PtRu/C were synthesized by wet impregnation method. Electrocatalytic	activities of these catalysts for methanol oxidation were examined by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry and it has been found that 40wt% Pt- 6(CeO2)/C catalyst exhibited a better	activity than did the unmodified Pt/C catalyst with improved	stability. Therefore we confirmed the possibility of Pt-CeO2	as a methanol oxidation catalyst. The physicochemical characterizations of the catalysts were made by using BET-PSD surface area measurements, temperature programmed reduction, X- ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques . A tentative mechanism has been proposed for the possible role of ceria as a co-catalyst in Pt/C system for methanol electrooxidation.
Highly Amorphous Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Kan , Filler Robert , Mandal Braja K. 
Published: November 2007

Two new amorphous polyethers have been synthesized and characterized by functionalization of a commercially available epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide copolymer. The functionalized polyethers, ECH-EO-Phth and ECH-EO-Iodide, after purification and vacuum drying, displayed both excellent mechanical strength	and compatibility with lithium salts.	Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed the complete amorphous	character of the electrolytes in the temperature range of -100{degree sign} C to 120{degree sign}C and ionic conductivities of ~1.32x10-6 S/cm at room temperature.
Fullerene and pi-Conjugated Oligomer Hybrids as Advanced Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhao Yuming , Zhou Ningzhang , Wang Li , Merschrod Erika , Thompson David 
Published: November 2007

Two classes of pi-conjugated oligomer linked bis-fullerene molecules with a triad motif of C60-pi-C60 were synthesized and investigated. In the first series of C60-pi-C60 hybrids, electron-rich OPE/OPV conjugated oligomers were employed to function as the central pi-bridges and as the electron donors. Electrochemical and electronic absorption/emission spectral analyses indicate that the electronic interactions between the fullerene cage (acceptor) and the oligomer unit (donor) varied depending on the nature of the bridging unit. Complex excited state decay dynamics on the nanosecond timesccale were observed with time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. The second	series of fullerene-oligomer hybrids use conjugated polyynes as the pi-bridges. The unique structural rigidity and solid-state reactivity of the polyyne units impart these bisfullerene molecular dumbbells interesting interfacial aggregation behavior by forming spherical nanostructures on s urfaces. This property could be useful for solid-state synthesis of fullerene	based nanomaterials.
Structure and Physical Properties of Doped C60 Whiskers
Authors: Kumashiro Ryotaro , Ohashi Hirotaka , Hiroshiba Nobuya , Fujiki Taiki , Miyazawa Kun'Ichi , Tanigaki Katsumi 
Published: November 2007

Electric transport of C60 nanowhiskers with I2 doping is	reported. The temperature evolution of electric conductivity shows that the temperature gradient of resistivity displays two or three transitions depending on the doping time and	temperature. This unique feature is discussed by referring to	the crystallographic studies of high resolution Xray	diffraction (XRD).
Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of GdCaAl3O7: Tb3+Nanocrystals
Authors: Khatkar Satyender P. , Kumar Dinesh , Han Sang Do 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT	Terbium activated GdCaAl3O7: Tb3+nanocrystals were synthesized by combustion route using metal nitrates as	precursors and urea as a fuel in a preheated furnace at 500oC.	The nanocrystals obtained through combustion synthesis were fired from 700oC to 1100oC for 3h to get better luminescent properties. These nanocrystals have been characterized by	scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Nanocrystals have average size from 20nm to 50nm.The prepared nanocrystals under UV source revealed green luminescence that was attributed to the transitions from 5D4 excited state to 7FJ(J=3-6) ground state of Tb3+ ions. The	predominant green color from magnetic dipole transition 5D4 →7F5 of Tb3+ ions located at 545nm. In addition the dependence of the luminescence intensity on Tb3+ ions concentrations and effect of heat treatment on the particle size of the nanocrystals have also been discussed. Intensities of 5D4	emissions increase with increase of sintering temperature while that of 5D3 emissions decreases.
Retrograde Catheterization of the Pulmonary Veins Following Surgical Correction of Transposition of the Great Vessels
Authors: Carter Guy A. 
Published: November 2007

Prior to a Mustard repair for transposition of the great vessels, complete physiologic data of the pulmonary bed can be obtained by catheterization of the pulmonary artery with a "J" formed wire, and direct catheterization of the pulmonary veins via an atrial septal defect. Following "physiologic" repair ready access to the pulmonary veins is denied. Evaluation of the pulmonary venous pressure is of great importance, however, in differentiating pulmonary vascular disease from pulmonary hypertension secondary to patch obstruction of pulmonary venous return. This paper describes a technique of catheterization of the pulmonary veins following a Mustard repair for TGV. Key words: Transposition of great arteries, cardiac catheterization, Mustard procedure
Elastic Properties of Blood Vessels Determined By Photoelectric Plethysmography
Authors: Uretzky G. , Palti Y. 
Published: November 2007

The dynamic elastic properties and vascular reactions of human blood vessels in vivo are studied by means of the photoplethysmographic method. The measurement of the mechanical properties of the blood vessel walls is based on measurement of blood volume changes resulting from changes in external pressure. The blood volume changes are mon itored by measuring the opacity changes in vascular bed, in this case, the distal phalanx of the finger. The elastic properties thus measured reflect some average property of a whole vascular bed. The technique is simple, noninvasive, and does not cause any damage or discomfort to the subject. In healthy young subjects, blood vessel elasticity was found to be constant in the range between the systolic and diastolic pressure. However the volume-pressure curves showed a hysteresis loop, i.e., the curves obtained during the increase of intravascular pressure differed from those obtained when pressure was decreased. The elasticity of the vascular walls of patients suffering from peripheral vascular diseases was found to be significantly different; their volume- pressure curves were nonlinear and had a much wider hysteresis loop (indicating a lower critical opening pressure), and their vascular reactions to changes in pressure were different. Possible uses of the method for diagnosing and evaluating arterio sclerotic and other vascular diseases and for studying vascular changes and reactions under conditions such as shock, heart failure, external abnormal pressures, and various drugs, are discussed.
Effect of Intravenous Nitroglycerin on Hemodynamics of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Pitt William A. , Friedman Richard G. , Gross Steven A. , Glassman Jerrold , Keating Edward C. , Mazur John H. 
Published: November 2007

Intravenous nitroglycerin (IV-NTG) has gained wide use in the manage ment of critically ill patients, yet little is known regarding dose-response hemodynamics in man. Therefore, we studied 10 patients, all Class III or IV New York Heart Association Classification with pulmonary artery wedge pressures of 15 torr or greater. A special delivery system designed to prevent drug absorption Nitrostat® IV Infusion Kit was used and assessed. Multiple hemodynamic values were recorded before, during, and after the infusion. Administration of IV-NTG was started at 0.125 mcg/kg/min and was doubled every 15 minutes to a maximum dose of 2.0 mcg/kg/min. The infusion was stopped if the pulmonary artery wedge pressure dropped below 10 torr, or arterial pressure dropped below 90/60 torr, or if the mean artery pressure fell more than 10 torr, or if significant side effects occurred. Samples for blood levels were collected. Only one patient noted any untoward effects and he recovered quickly upon cessation of infusion. The mean infusion rate was 0.6125 mcg/kg/min. A significant drop in mean arterial blood pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygenation was noted. Cardiac output did not change significantly. Pulmonary vascular resistance index, as well as several other indices, decreased significantly in all patients. Nitrostat IV® appears to be very safe and to work by dilating preload capacitance vessels, followed by a drop in arterial pressure without an adverse lowering of cardiac output.