bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmapheresis and intravenous immune globulin for the treatment of D alloimmunization in pregnancy
Authors: Novak Deborah J. , Tyler Lisa N. , Reddy Ramakrishna L. , Barsoom Michael J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe alloimmunized pregnancy can result in fetal and newborn mortality due to fetal anemia. Control of fetal anemia has not been possible until recently, and management consists of following the degree of fetal anemia during gestation until intrauterine transfusion is feasible to support the fetus until delivery. Cordocentesis and intrauterine transfusion have potential complications that have been well documented. Control of fetal anemia via immune modulation utilizing plasmapheresis and intravenous immune globulin administration has been attempted alone and in combination with varying results. We present a case report of an Rh(D) alloimmunized pregnancy, in which successful management consisted of initial therapeutic plasmapheresis (TPE) followed by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration until delivery at 37 weeks gestation without the need for intrauterine transfusion. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of olive mill wastewater by wild type Yarrowia lipolytica strains: medium supplementation and surfactant presence effect
Authors: Lopes Marlene , Araújo Carla , Aguedo Mário , Gomes Nelma , Gonçalves Cristiana , Teixeira José António , Belo Isabel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to study the ability of two different wild type strains of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to grow on olive mill wastewater (OMW) and their potential to produce high‐value products such as lipases. Factors that affect cellular growth and OMW degradation were studied, such as nitrogen supplementation, cells concentration and surfactant addition.RESULTS: Both strains, W29 and IMUFRJ 50682, were able to grow in OMW with 19 g L−1 of COD and approximately 800 mg L−1 of total phenols concentration. The strain W29 presented the highest potential for extracellular lipase production in OMW medium. Lipase productivity was improved by the medium supplementation with ammonium sulphate up to 6 g L−1, leading to 80% of COD degradation and 70% of total phenols reduction. The surfactant Tween 80 enhanced cell growth and COD degradation, but had a negative effect on lipase activity.CONCLUSIONS Y. lipolytica has a great potential for OMW valorisation by its use as culture medium for biomass and enzymes production. The operating conditions that favoured lipase production differ from the conditions that improve COD reduction. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sludge‐containing cassava mash for batch and repeated batch production of bioethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae CHFY0321
Authors: Choi Gi‐Wook , Moon Se‐Kwon , Kang Hyun‐Woo , Min Jiho , Chung Bong‐Woo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the repeated batch production of bioethanol from sludge‐containing cassava mash as starchy substrate by flocculating yeast to improve volumetric bioethanol productivity and to simplify the process of a pre‐culture system.RESULTS: For the repeated batch production of bioethanol using cassava mash, the optimal recycling volume ratio was found to be 5%. The repeated batch fermentation was completed within 36 h, while the batch fermentation was completed after 42 h. Volumetric productivity, final ethanol concentration, and ethanol yield were attained to 2.15 g L−1 h−1, 83.64 g L−1, and 85.15%, respectively. Although cell accumulation in the repeated batch process is difficult due to the cassava mash, the repeated batch process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae CHFY0321 could exhibited 10‐fold higher initial viable cell number (1.7 × 107 CFU mL−1) than that of the batch process.CONCLUSION: The liquefied cassava powder was directly used for the repeated batch process without removal of sludge. Repeated batch bioethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using self‐flocculating yeast could reduce process costs and accelerate commercial applications. This result was probably due in part to the effect of the initial viable cell density. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A simple method for biocatalyst immobilization using PVA‐based hydrogel particles
Authors: Fernandes Pedro , Marques Marco P.C. , Carvalho Filipe , Cabral Joaquim M.S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of enzyme immobilization in PVA particles through extrusion of LentiKat®Liquid in polyethylene glycol. Inulinase, with invertase activity for sucrose hydrolysis, was used as model system.RESULTS: Inulinase was effectively immobilized in PVA particles. The pH optimum of the enzyme activity was broadened for lower pH values. Mechanical instability of the PVA under prolonged incubation above 55 °C was observed. A 1.8‐fold increase in the apparent KM (Michaelis constant) suggests diffusion limitations as a result of immobilization. The immobilized biocatalyst exhibited considerable operational stability, since a decrease of roughly 10% in the product yield after 24 h biotransformation runs was observed in trials performed at 50 °C, following 20 repeated, consecutive batches.CONCLUSION: The results obtained highlight the potential of PVA‐based particles obtained through extrusion into PEG for the production of suitable biocatalysts for application in large‐scale processes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative evaluation of bone resorption activity of osteoclast‐like cells by measuring calcium phosphate resorbing area using incubator‐facilitated and video‐enhanced microscopy
Authors: Morimoto Yoshitaka , Hoshino Hironobu , Sakurai Takashi , Terakawa Susumu , Nagano Akira 
Published: November 2008

AbstractQuantitative evaluation of the ability of bone resorption activity in live osteoclast‐like cells (OCLs) has not yet been reported on. In this study, we observed the sequential morphological change of OCLs and measured the resorbing calcium phosphate (CP) area made by OCLs alone and with the addition of elcatonin utilizing incubator facilitated video‐enhanced microscopy. OCLs, which were obtained from a coculture of ddy‐mouse osteoblastic cells and bone marrow cells, were cultured on CP‐coated quartz cover slips. The CP‐free area increased constantly in the OCLs alone, whereas it did not increase after the addition of elcatonin. This study showed that analysis of the resorbed areas under the OCL body using this method enables the sequential quantitative evaluation of the bone resorption activity and the effect of several therapeutic agents on bone resorption in vitro. Microsc. Res. Tech, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermo‐Raman spectroscopy of selected layered double hydroxides of formula Cu6Al2(OH)16CO3 and Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Soisnard Aurore , Voyer Nicolas , Palmer Sara J. , Martens Wayde N. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRaman spectroscopy using a hot stage was used to characterise layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of the formula (Cu,Zn)6Al2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O. The spectra were used to assess the molecular assembly of the cations in the LDH structure. The sharp band at 1058 cm−1for the Zn6Al2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O is assigned to the ν1CO32− symmetric stretching mode. This band shifts to higher wavenumbers and is observed at 1103 cm−1at 600 °C. It is proposed that metal carbonate species formed during the decomposition of the hydrotalcite structure is responsible for the increase in the band position. The Cu–Al hydrotalcite did not show the same trend. The symmetric stretching mode of carbonate is observed at around 1110 cm−1, and at temperatures above 200 °C a shoulder appears at around 1210 cm−1, suggested to be due to CuCO3. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the magnesium‐carbonate minerals—artinite and dypingite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Bahfenne Silmarilly , Graham Jessica 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMagnesium minerals are important in the understanding of the concept of geosequestration. The two hydrated hydroxy magnesium‐carbonate minerals artinite and dypingite were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Intense bands are observed at 1092 cm−1 for artinite and at 1120 cm−1 for dypingite, attributed ν1 symmetric stretching mode of CO32−. The ν3 antisymmetric stretching vibrations of CO32− are extremely weak and are observed at 1412 and 1465 cm−1 for artinite and at 1366, 1447 and 1524 cm−1 for dypingite. Very weak Raman bands at 790 cm−1 for artinite and 800 cm−1 for dypingite are assigned to the CO32−ν2 out‐of‐plane bend. The Raman band at 700 cm−1 of artinite and at 725 and 760 cm−1 of dypingite are ascribed to CO32−ν2 in‐plane bending mode. The Raman spectrum of artinite in the OH stretching region is characterised by two sets of bands: (1) an intense band at 3593 cm−1 assigned to the MgOH stretching vibrations and (2) the broad profile of overlapping bands at 3030 and 3229 cm−1 attributed to water stretching vibrations. X‐ray diffraction studies show that the minerals are disordered. This is reflected in the difficulty of obtaining Raman spectra of reasonable quality, and explains why the Raman spectra of these minerals have not been previously or sufficiently described. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of analyte detectability in isotachophoresis exploiting spectrophotometric diode‐array detection with chemometric data processing
Authors: Strašík Stanislav , Lučaníková Mária , Kaniansky Dušan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe potentialities of capillary ITP combined with diode‐array detection (DAD) with subsequent chemometric data processing have been investigated in this work. A series of different migration configurations were created using model analytes, interferents and appropriate spacers. Special attention has been paid not only to constituents migrating in fully developed ITP zones but also to the spike mode of ITP migration. The purity assessment and identity confirmation of model analytes migrating in both modes were performed by means of multivariate curve resolution and target transformation factor analysis (TTFA). Their successful applications have revealed a smart way to increase in the analytical information obtained by ITP separation even in the instance of trace analysis.
Overloaded elution band profiles of ionizable compounds in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography: Influence of the competition between the neutral and the ionic species
Authors: Gritti Fabrice , Guiochon Georges 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe parameters that affect the shape of the band profiles of acido‐basic compounds under moderately overloaded conditions (sample size less than 500 nmol for a conventional column) in RPLC are discussed. Only analytes that have a single pKa are considered. In the buffer mobile phase used for their elution, their dissociation may, under certain conditions, cause a significant pH perturbation during the passage of the band. Two consecutive injections (3.3 and 10 μL) of each one of three sample solutions (0.5, 5, and 50 mM) of ten compounds were injected on five C18‐bonded packing materials, including the 5 μm Xterra‐C18 (121 Å), 5 μm Gemini‐C18 (110 Å), 5 μm Luna‐C18(2) (93 Å), 3.5 μm Extend‐C18 (80 Å), and 2.7 μm Halo‐C18 (90 Å). The mobile phase was an aqueous solution of methanol buffered at a constant WWpH of 6, with a phosphate buffer. The total concentration of the phosphate groups was constant at 50 mM. The methanol concentration was adjusted to keep all the retention factors between 1 and 10. The compounds injected were phenol, caffeine, 3‐phenyl 1‐propanol, 2‐phenyl butyric acid, amphetamine, aniline, benzylamine, p‐toluidine, procainamidium chloride, and propranololium chloride. Depending on the relative values of the analyte pKa and the buffer solution pH, these analytes elute as the neutral, the cationic, or the anionic species. The influence of structural parameters such as the charge, the size, and the hydrophobicity of the analytes on the shape of its overloaded band profile is discussed. Simple but general rules predict these shapes. An original adsorption model is proposed that accounts for the unusual peak shapes observed when the analyte is partially dissociated in the buffer solution during its elution.
Sustainable tourism rapid indicators for less‐developed islands: an economic perspective
Authors: Reddy Maharaj Vijay 
Published: November 2008

AbstractResearch on the aspects of tourism and sustainability is growing with a concern that sustainable tourism principles are difficult to implement in developing countries. Within this context, the paper has engaged in the identification, selection and evaluation of sustainability indicators for rapid assessment of tourism development in one of the remotest and most sensitive destinations in the world, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India (ANI). It reviews the indicator sets and research on indicator development frameworks and examines the identification and assessment of rapid economic indicators for the ANI. The ANI indicator development strategy considered indicators that are developed and assessed mainly for developed countries and evaluated a feasible bottom‐up approach, which is mainly based on local knowledge for sustainable tourism initiatives in less‐developed islands. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerated corrosion tests in the automotive industry: A comparison of the performance towards cosmetic corrosion
Authors: LeBozec N. , Blandin N. , Thierry D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCorrosion resistance is an important property requirement for materials used in the manufacturing of automobiles, particularly for vehicles that operate on roads treated with de‐icing salt. This implies to test the corrosion resistance of automotive systems, in order to make a good selection of materials. Field‐tests, including stationary and mobile exposures are normally the most reliable ways of doing this, but they are costly and time consuming, as 2–8 years exposure is generally needed for a full assessment of the corrosion resistance. Since, the use of the standard neutral salt spray test, which is well known to give a poor correlation with field data, a large development in the testing procedures has occurred with the use of cyclic corrosion tests, which alternate between pollution phase and wet/dry periods. Today, there are indeed as many accelerated corrosion tests as automotive manufacturers, which are currently used in order to develop and qualify new products against corrosion, to develop new protective coating systems and select materials. In the present work, steel‐ and zinc‐coated materials in cosmetic and crevice configuration were exposed in a large number of accelerated corrosion tests in the automotive industry. From the study, it was shown that the results and consequently the prediction on the lifetime of the same material were very much dependent on which accelerated corrosion test was used. The results were explained in terms of different salt loads applied in the different tests.
Synthesis of Poly(vinyl acetate) Nanogels by Xanthate‐Mediated Radical Crosslinking Copolymerization
Authors: Poly Julien , Wilson D. James , Destarac Mathias , Taton Daniel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPoly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) nanogels are synthesized by a radical crosslinking copolymerization (RCC) in solution of vinyl acetate and divinyl adipate (DVA) or 2,4,6‐tris(allyloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TAT) as the crosslinker, in the presence of a xanthate as a reversible chain transfer agent. Higher concentrations of crosslinker and lower concentrations of xanthate produce PVAc nanogels of higher molar masses, for a given concentration of xanthate and for a fixed concentration of crosslinker, respectively. The xanthate end‐groups allow for the synthesis of ‘second generation’ nanogels through a subsequent RCC from precursors. The chemical cleavage of the crosslinks yields individual poly(vinyl alcohol) chains, which attests that the length of the constitutive chains is controlled by the xanthate.magnified image
Poly(L‐lactide) Nano‐ and Microfibers by Electrospinning: Influence of Poly(L‐lactide) Molecular Weight
Authors: Tomaszewski Waclaw , Duda Andrzej , Szadkowski Marek , Libiszowski Jan , Ciechanska Danuta 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: The electrospinning technique based on single and multi‐jet systems was applied for poly(L‐lactide) (PLA) nano‐ and microfibers as well as fibrous mats manufacture; the latter with dimensions suitable for the tensile tests. The PLA's employed were prepared by the controlled ring‐opening polymerization of the L,L‐lactide (LA) monomer. The resulting fibers thickness was correlated with molecular weights of PLA's and viscosities of spinning solutions. The scanning electron microscopic, thermal, and tensile characteristics of the polymeric materials and fibrous mats were also examined.
Biodegradation of Blown Films Based on Poly(lactic acid) under Natural Conditions
Authors: Sedlarik Vladimir , Saha Nabanita , Sedlarikova Jana , Saha Petr 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: Commercially available polymer Bioflex® 219F, blend of polylactic acid and biodegradable co‐polyester, was used for film preparation, performed on mono‐extrusion blown moulding machine. Resulting thin film was investigated on biodegradability in composting conditions for 6 weeks. The influence of microbial attack on mechanical, physico‐chemical properties, weight loss and surface morphology was tested weekly. The results obtained during 6 weeks of composting indicate relatively good accessibility to biological degradation. Moreover, the time course of studied properties was observed through the test period.
Geometry update driven by material forces for simulation of brittle crack growth in functionally graded materials
Authors: Mahnken Rolf 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFunctionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced materials that possess continuously graded properties, such that the growth of cracks is strongly dependent on the gradation of the material. In this work a thermodynamic consistent framework for crack propagation in FGMs is presented, by applying a dissipation inequality to a time‐dependent migrating control volume. The direction of crack growth is obtained in terms of material forces as a result of the principle of maximum dissipation. In the numerical implementation a staggered algorithm—deformation update for fixed geometry followed by geometry update for fixed deformation—is employed within each time increment. The geometry update is a result of the incremental crack propagation, which is driven by material forces. The corresponding mesh is generated by combining Delaunay triangulation with local mesh refinement. Furthermore a Newton algorithm is proposed, taking into account mesh transfer of displacements for crack propagation in incremental elasticity. In two numerical examples brittle crack propagation in FGMs is investigated for various directions of strength gradation within the structures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interface‐reduction for the Craig–Bampton and Rubin method applied to FE–BE coupling with a large fluid–structure interface
Authors: Junge Michael , Brunner Dominik , Becker Jens , Gaul Lothar 
Published: November 2008

AbstractComponent mode‐based model‐order reduction (MOR) methods like the Craig–Bampton method or the Rubin method are known to be limited to structures with small coupling interfaces. This paper investigates two interface‐reduction methods for application of MOR to systems with large coupling interfaces: for the Craig–Bampton method a direct reduction method based on strain energy considerations is investigated. Additionally, for the Rubin method an iterative reduction scheme is proposed, which incrementally constructs the reduction basis. Hereby, attachment modes are tested if they sufficiently enlarge the spanned subspace of the current reduction basis. If so, the m‐orthogonal part is used to augment the basis. The methods are applied to FE–BE coupled systems in order to predict the vibro‐acoustic behavior of structures, which are partly immersed in water. Hereby, a strong coupling scheme is employed, since for dense fluids the feedback of the acoustic pressure onto the structure is not negligible. For two example structures, the efficiency of the reduction methods with respect to numerical effort, memory consumption and computation time is compared with the exact full‐order solution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discontinuous Galerkin formulation of non‐linear Kirchhoff–Love shells
Authors: Noels L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDiscontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods provide a means of weakly enforcing the continuity of the unknown‐field derivatives and have particular appeal in problems involving high‐order derivatives. This feature has previously been successfully exploited (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 2008; 197:2901–2929) to develop a formulation of linear Kirchhoff–Love shells considering only the membrane and bending responses. In this proposed one‐field method—the displacements are the only unknowns, while the displacement field is continuous, the continuity in the displacement derivative between two elements is weakly enforced by recourse to a DG formulation. It is the purpose of the present paper to extend this formulation to finite deformations and non‐linear elastic behaviors. While the initial linear formulation was relying on the direct linear computation of the effective membrane stress and effective bending couple‐stress from the displacement field at the mid‐surface of the shell, the non‐linear formulation considered implies the evaluation of the general stress tensor across the shell thickness, leading to a reformulation of the internal forces of the shell. Nevertheless, since the interface terms resulting from the discontinuous Galerkin method involve only the resultant couple‐stress at the edges of the shells, the extension to non‐linear deformations is straightforward. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.