bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of oral anticoagulation therapy and atrial fibrillation in patients with type B acute aortic dissection
Authors: Ishizue Naruya , Fukaya Hidehira , Oikawa Jun , Sato Nobuhiro , Ogiso Sho , Murayama Yusuke , Nakamura Hironori , Kishihara Jun , Niwano Shinichi , Ako Junya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) and oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy in patients with type B acute aortic dissection (AAD) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic impact of AF and OAC therapy in patients with type B AAD.MethodsConsecutive patients diagnosed with AAD were included in this single‐center, retrospective study. Patients with type B AAD were selected from the study population and divided into three groups: AF(+)/OAC(+), AF(+)/OAC(−), and AF(−)/OAC(−). The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including all‐cause death, progressive aortic events, cerebral infarction, and organ malperfusion.ResultsIn total, 139 patients diagnosed with type B AAD were analyzed. AF was observed in 27 patients (19%). Among them, 13 patients (9%) received OAC therapy for AF. MACCE occurred in 32 patients (23%) during the observation period: all‐cause death in four patients, progressive aortic events in 24 patients, cerebral infarction events in two patients, and malperfusion events in two patients. The incidence of MACCE was higher in the AF(+)/OAC(+) group than in the AF(+)/OAC(−) group (hazard ratio[HR]: 3.875; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.153–17.496). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACCE between the AF(+)/OAC(−) and AF(−)/OAC(−) groups (HR: 1.001, 95% CI: 0.509–1.802).ConclusionAmong patients with type B AAD, the use of OAC for AF was associated with a higher risk of MACCE.
Robustness of hydrometeorological extremes in surrogated seasonal forecasts
Authors: Klehmet Katharina , Berg Peter , Bozhinova Denica , Crochemore Louise , Du Yiheng , Pechlivanidis Ilias , Photiadou Christiana , Yang Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWater and disaster risk management require accurate information about hydrometeorological extremes. However, estimation of rare events using extreme value analysis is hampered by short observational records, with large resulting uncertainties. Here, we present a surrogate world setup that makes use of data samples from meteorological and hydrological seasonal re‐forecasts to explore extremes for long return periods. The surrogate timeseries allow us to pool the re‐forecasts into 1000‐year‐long timeseries. We can then calculate return values of extremes and explore how they are affected by the size of sub‐samples as method for estimating the uncertainty. The approach relies on the fact that probabilistic seasonal re‐forecasts, initialized with perturbed initial conditions, have limited predictive skill with increasing lead time. At long lead times re‐forecasts will diverge into independent samples. The meteorological seasonal re‐forecasts are taken from the SEAS5 system, and hydrological re‐forecasts are generated with the E‐HYPE process‐based model for the pan‐European domain. Extreme value analysis is applied to annual maxima of precipitation and streamflow for return periods of 100 years. The analysis clearly demonstrates the large uncertainty in long return period estimates with typical available samples of only few decades. The uncertainty is somewhat reduced for 100‐year samples, but several 100 years seem to be necessary to have robust estimates. The bootstrap with replacement approach is applied to shorter timeseries, and is shown to well reproduce the uncertainty range of the longer samples. However, the main estimate of the return value can be significantly offset. Although the method is model based, with the associated uncertainties and bias compared to the real world, the surrogate approach is likely useful to explore rare and compounding extremes.
A multicenter registry study on percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation for pediatric disorders of gut–brain interaction
Authors: Chogle Ashish , El‐Chammas Khalil , Santucci Neha , Grimm Monica , Dorfman Lev , Graham Kahleb , Kelly Daniel R. , Dranove Jason E. , Rosen Rachel , Nurko Samuel , Croffie Joseph , Balakrishnan Keshawadhana , Chiou Eric H. , Zhang Liyun , Simpson Pippa , Karrento Katja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesPercutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) has demonstrated promise in single‐center trials for pediatric abdominal pain‐related disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). Our aim was to explore efficacy of PENFS as standard therapy for DGBI in a registry involving multiple pediatric gastroenterology referral centers.MethodsThis was a multicenter, prospective open‐label registry of children (8–18 years) undergoing PENFS for DGBI at seven tertiary care gastroenterology clinics. DGBI subtypes were classified by Rome IV criteria. Parents and patients completed Abdominal Pain Index (API), Nausea Severity Scale (NSS), and Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) questionnaires before, during therapy and at follow‐up visits up to 1 year later.ResultsA total of 292 subjects were included. Majority (74%) were female with median (interquartile range [IQR]) age 16.3 (14.0, 17.7) years. Most (68%) met criteria for functional dyspepsia and 61% had failed ≥4 pharmacologic therapies. API, NSS, and FDI scores showed significant declines within 3 weeks of therapy, persisting long‐term in a subset. Baseline (n = 288) median (IQR) child‐reported API scores decreased from 2.68 (1.84, 3.58) to 1.99 (1.13, 3.27) at 3 weeks (p < 0.001) and 1.81 (0.85, 3.20) at 3 months (n = 75; p < 0.001). NSS scores similarly improved from baseline, persisting at three (n = 74; p < 0.001) and 6 months later (n = 55; p < 0.001). FDI scores displayed similar reductions at 3 months (n = 76; p = 0.01) but not beyond. Parent‐reported scores were consistent with child reports.ConclusionsThis large, comprehensive, multicenter registry highlights efficacy of PENFS for gastrointestinal symptoms and functionality for pediatric DGBI.
Catheter salvage from central line‐related bloodstream infections in pediatric intestinal failure
Authors: Larson‐Nath Catherine , Wendt Linder , Rahhal Riad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesPatients with intestinal failure require central venous access which puts them at risk for central line‐associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Maintaining vascular patency is critical for this population to receive nutrition support. When CLABSIs occur line salvage can help maintain vascular access. The aim of this study is to assess factors associated with safe and successful central venous catheter salvage.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients with intestinal failure at two tertiary care institutions between 2012 and 2020. The study examined the rates of attempted salvage, factors associated with successful salvage, and complications associated with salvage attempts.ResultsOver the study period, 76 patients with intestinal failure were include while central venous access was in place. There were a total of 94 CLABSIs. Salvage was more likely to be attempted when patients were under the direct care of an intestinal rehabilitation service (95% vs. 68%, p = 0.04). The overall successful salvage rate was 91.6% (n = 77). Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative, and polymicrobial infections had successful salvage rates of 97%, 92%, and 94% respectively. The successful salvage rate for fungal infections was 40%. There was no difference in 30‐day complication rates for hospital readmission, intensive care unit admission, and death between patients who underwent salvage attempt and those who did not.ConclusionsCentral line salvage can be safely attempted for many infections in patients with intestinal failure, leading to vascular access preservation.
Persistent and newly developed gastrointestinal symptoms after surgery for intestinal malrotation in children: Dysmotility or disorders of gut and brain interaction?
Authors: Patel Dhiren , Banks Darnna , Hira Bindi , Ford Madeline , Ambartsumyan Lusine , Rodriguez Leonel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesSurgery for intestinal malrotation (IM) aims to correct the defect and improve symptoms; however, many have persistent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms postoperatively. We evaluated the incidence, clinical presentation, and long‐term outcomes of children with surgically repaired IM and its possible association with disorders of gut and brain interaction (DGBI).MethodsMulticenter retrospective study was conducted in patients from 0 to 21 years old, who had surgery for IM from 2000 to 2021 across three pediatric tertiary care centers. Data analyzed included demographics, time to diagnosis, idiopathic diagnosis, incidental diagnosis, postoperative follow‐up, surgical time, and the need for surgery including bowel detorsion. Outcome variables were the presence of postoperative GI symptoms and DGBIs, and overall resolution of symptoms. We also evaluated the potential association of demographics and other included variables with our outcome variables.ResultsNinety‐two patients with surgically corrected IM were included, 54% were male, and median age of diagnosis and surgical correction was 4.9 and 7.8 months, respectively. Median follow‐up after surgery was 64 months. A total of 77% had postoperative GI symptoms, and notably, 78% of patients without symptoms before surgery (incidental diagnosis) developed GI symptoms postoperatively and 27% of patients met Rome IV criteria for a one or more DGBI. No factors were associated to the presence of postoperative symptoms or DGBIs in multivariate analysis. Female gender was the only factor associated with lack of resolution of symptoms at follow‐up.ConclusionPediatric IM is commonly associated with postoperative GI symptoms and DGBI well beyond surgery. An increased awareness about the prevalence of DGBI in these patients may help reach a prompt and accurate diagnosis, and improve their quality of life.
Defining the Shape of the Mylohyoid Muscle: A Morphometric Imaging Study
Authors: Magaña Linda C. , Branstetter Barton F. , Soose Ryan J. 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesImplantable hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) therapy is an evolving therapeutic alternative for patients with refractory obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The muscular anatomy of this region has implications for surgical access through this zone as well as positioning and anchoring of hardware in this area. The purpose of this study was to radiologically describe the topography of the mylohyoid muscle and adjacent structures across a wide age spectrum.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated computed tomography scans of the neck in 102 patients who were imaged for reasons unrelated to the floor of mouth or submental space. Patients with prior surgery or pathology in the area of interest were excluded. Fourteen relevant muscle measurements were made on a midline sagittal image and a coronal image positioned at the midpoint between the hyoid bone and the mandible.ResultsWe included 49 men and 53 women with an average age of 44 years (range 19–70). The average mylohyoid length was 42 mm; the average distance between the anterior digastric bellies was 17 mm. The average angle of the central mylohyoid was 174° in the sagittal plane and 164° in the coronal plane. Several measurements were significantly correlated with patient age, including the angle measurements and the distance between the digastric muscles. Aberrant digastric anatomy was common.ConclusionsThe mylohyoid muscle has multiple radiologically distinct segments with predictable curvatures. An understanding of submental muscular anatomy, along with its variability between patients, may be beneficial to the development of bilateral implantable neurostimulation technology for the treatment of refractory OSA.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:2970–2975, 2024
Integrated Multi‐Color Raman Microlasers with Ultra‐Low Pump Levels in Single High‐Q Lithium Niobate Microdisks
Authors: Zhao Guanghui , Lin Jintian , Fu Botao , Gao Renhong , Li Chuntao , Yao Ni , Guan Jianglin , Li Minghui , Wang Min , Qiao Lingling , Cheng Ya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntegrated Raman microlasers, particularly discrete multi‐color lasers which are crucial for extending the emission wavelength range of chip‐scale laser sources to much shorter wavelengths, are highly in demand for various spectroscopy, microscopy analysis, and biological detection applications. However, integrated multi‐color Raman microlasers have yet to be demonstrated because of the requirement of high‐Q microresonators possessing large χ(2) nonlinearity, strong Raman phonon branches, and the challenge in the cavity‐enhanced multi‐photon hyper‐Raman scattering parametric process. In this work, integrated multi‐color Raman lasers have been demonstrated for the first time at weak pump levels, via the excitation of high‐Q (> 6 × 106) phase‐matched modes in single thin‐film lithium niobate (TFLN) microresonators by dispersion engineering. Raman lasing is observed at 1712 nm for a 1547‐nm pump threshold power of only 620 µW, representing the state of the art in the TFLN platform. Furthermore, multi‐color Raman lasers are realized at discrete wavelengths of 1712, 813, 533, and 406 nm with pump levels as low as 1.60 mW, which is more than two orders of magnitude lower than the current records (i.e., 200 mW) in bulk resonators, allowed by the fulfillment of the requisite conditions consisting of broadband natural phase match, multiple‐resonance, and high‐Q factors.
Environmental, social, and governance performance analysis of financially constrained firms: Does executives' managerial ability make a difference?
Authors: Zahid R. M. Ammar , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Maqsood Umer Sahil , Nazir Marina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractManagers at all levels have been making efforts to improve environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in response to mounting pressure from stakeholders. This research examines the relationship between the managers capabilities and their ability to achieve high ESG performance, particularly in challenging and restricting financial environments. This research also uncovers the process through which competent managers reduce the financial restrictions of businesses. Panel regressions are estimated on a dataset of 6294 firm years of Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2019. Our study findings demonstrate that chief executive officers (CEOs) with strong management skills exhibit a positive correlation with their company's ESG performance and its subcomponents. Moreover, financial constraints exert a negative moderating effect on the relationship between CEO management competence and ESG performance. Specifically, competent CEOs of financially constrained organizations prioritize ESG performance more significantly than their counterparts in companies without financial limitations. The findings are robust to various estimating methods.
Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals functional connectivity alteration in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bontempi Pietro , Piccolantonio Giusi , Busato Alice , Conti Anita , Angelini Gabriele , Lopez Nicola , Bani Alessandro , Constantin Gabriela , Marzola Pasquina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune degenerative disease targeting white matter in the central nervous system. The most common animal model that mimics MS is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and it plays a crucial role in pharmacological research, from the identification of a therapeutic target to the in vivo validation of efficacy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is largely used to detect MS lesions, and resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to investigate alterations in the brain functional connectivity (FC). MRI was mainly used in EAE studies to detect lesions in the spinal cord and brain. The current longitudinal MRI study aims to validate rsfMRI as a biomarker of the disease progression in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35–55 induced EAE animal model of MS. MR images were acquired 14, 25, and 50 days postimmunization. Seed‐based analysis was used to investigate the whole‐brain FC with some predefined areas, such as the thalamic regions, cerebellum, motor and somatosensory cortex. When compared with the control group, the EAE group exhibited a slightly altered FC and a decreasing trend in the total number of activated voxels along the disease progression. The most interesting result regards the whole‐brain FC with the cerebellum. A hyperconnectivity behavior was found at an early phase and a significant reduced connectivity at a late phase. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between the total number of activated voxels during the late phase and the cumulative disease index. The results obtained provide a clinically relevant experimental platform that may be pivotal for the elucidation of the key mechanisms of accumulation of irreversible disability, as well as the development of innovative therapies for MS. Moreover, the negative correlation between the disease severity and the size of the activated area suggests a possible research pathway to follow for the resolution of the clinico‐radiological paradox.
Measuring returns to experience using supervisor ratings of observed performance: The case of classroom teachers
Authors: Bell Courtney , James Jessalynn , Taylor Eric S. , Wyckoff James 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the returns to experience in teaching, estimated using supervisor ratings from classroom observations. We describe the assumptions required to interpret changes in observation ratings over time as the causal effect of experience on performance. We compare two difference‐in‐differences strategies: the two‐way fixed effects estimator common in the literature, and an alternative which avoids potential bias arising from effect heterogeneity. Using data from Tennessee and Washington, DC, we show empirical tests relevant to assessing the identifying assumptions and substantive threats—e.g., leniency bias, manipulation, changes in incentives or job assignments—and find our estimates are robust to several threats.
Impact of strain rate on mechanical properties of polylatic acid fabricated by fusion deposition modeling
Authors: Balasubramanian Muthuselvan , Saravanan R. , Shanmugam Vigneshwaran 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this research is to investigate the impact of strain rate on the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) fabricated through fused deposition modeling. PLA material was fabricated in a grid pattern with 75% infill density, a 0.16 mm layer height, and a ± 45° printing direction. This study specifically investigated tensile strength, flexural strength, and interlaminar strength with respect to varying crosshead speeds (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm/min). The highest tensile strength noted was 40.13 MPa at a cross—head speed of 5 mm/min. Maximum elongation of 7.1% was noted on cross head velocity of 1 mm/min, and the maximum interlaminar strength reached 76.04 MPa at 4 mm/min. At a crosshead speed of 4 mm/min, the tensile strength measured was 38.36 MPa, which is a value close to the maximum result achieved in the tensile test. Interlaminar strength was notably higher at a crosshead speed of 4 mm/min, indicating a strong integrity of the printed layers. The values for elongation percentage and flexural strength were also moderate at a crosshead speed of 4 mm/min, which was 4.9% and 55 MPa, respectively. Therefore, crosshead speed of 4 mm/min appears to be an optimum factor for testing 3D printed PLA parts. This research sheds light on understanding the critical influence of strain rate in the mechanical performance of 3D printed PLA.
Fabrication of liquid crystal Fe3O4 composites and their magnetorheological properties
Authors: Wang Keyi , Chang Xiaolong , Diao Yi , Li Mingda , Liu Fan , Meng Fanbao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSome supramolecular polyacrylate‐based liquid crystal polymers (PLCPs) were prepared by polyacrylic acid, a liquid crystal monomer and 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid. Series of magnetic liquid crystal particles (Fe3O4@PLCPs) with core‐shell structure were prepared by modifying surface of magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 by the PLCPs. The Fe3O4@PLCPs showed a saturation magnetization strength above 51.17 emu/g, which is similar to pure magnetic Fe3O4, indicating good magnetism and magnetic field dependence. Series of magnetorheological fluids were fabricated by Fe3O4@PLCPs (using as dispersed phase) and silicone oil (using as carrier liquid). The effects of mesogen, magnetic particle, and the polymer matrix on magnetorheological performance and settling stability were investigated. The magnetorheological fluid based on 10% Fe3O4@PLCP‐1 showed the best performance at an applied magnetic field of 100 mT in this study. Furthermore, the magnetorheological fluids showed excellent settling stability because the density of Fe3O4@PLCPs was lower than that of Fe3O4. The Fe3O4@PLCPs‐based fluids presented certain application potential in the field of magnetic fluid due to the excellent magnetorheological effect and settling stability.
Labyrinthine cor triatriatum sinister in fetal hypoplastic left heart syndrome is associated with poor outcomes
Authors: Qasim Amna , Doan Tam T. , Furtun Betul Yilmaz , Binsalamah Ziyad , Adachi Iki , Morris Shaine A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesA subset of hypoplastic‐left‐heart‐syndrome (HLHS) fetuses have a complex cor‐triatriatum sinister that we named “labyrinthine‐cor (L‐cor)”. We sought to determine the prevalence of L‐cor in HLHS fetuses and hypothesized that it is associated with increased mortality.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective cohort study included all HLHS fetuses from January 2010‐December 2020. Fetuses with other hypoplastic‐left‐heart variants, inadequate images, lack of follow‐up and fetal atrial‐septal interventions were excluded. RAS was defined as the ratio of pulmonary‐vein forward‐to‐reverse velocity‐time‐integral (VTI) ≤ 5 and severe‐RAS defined as VTI‐ratio <3. Kaplan‐Meier survival‐analysis was performed for the primary outcome of transplant‐free survival for 62 weeks after gestational‐age of 30 weeks (∼1 year).ResultsOf the 156 consecutive fetuses with HLHS, 11 (7.7%) had L‐cor and 8/11 (72.7%) of these had RAS. When compared to HLHS‐RAS without L‐cor, fetuses with HLHS‐RAS and L‐cor were less likely to survive to 28 days (87% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.017) and to 1 year (69.6% vs. 25%, p = 0.029). When comparing by survival analysis, fetuses with severe‐RAS with L‐cor had lower survival compared severe‐RAS without L‐cor (p = 0.020).ConclusionL‐cor in fetal HLHS is associated with increased mortality. Recognition of this finding is important for prognostication and atrial‐septal‐intervention planning.