bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analiza Modalna Pękającej Łopatki Sprężarki
Authors: Witoś Mirosław 
Published: March 2009

Analiza Modalna Pękającej Łopatki SprężarkiW artykule przedstawiono problematykę wiarygodnego rozpoznawania i prognozowania stanu technicznego stalowych łopatek sprężarki. Omówiono symptomy pęknięcia pióra łopatki i metody jego identyfikacji, stosowane w eksploatacji i remoncie turbinowego silnika odrzutowego typu SO-3. Przedstawiono optyczną metodę laserowego pomiaru drgań pióra łopatki na wzbudniku, wdrażaną w Wojskowych Zakładach Lotniczych nr 3 (WZL-3). Omówiono spostrzeżenia z jej weryfikacji. Wskazano na nowe możliwości badawcze wdrażanej metody, a w tym identyfikowanie wczesnych symptomów zmęczenia materiału (fazy umocnienia i osłabienia) i inicjacji pęknięcia. Omawianą tematykę zobrazowano przykładami z pomiarów właściwości modalnych dobrych i uszkodzonych łopatek oraz prób zmęczeniowych, prowadzonych wg profili LCF i HCF. Wykazano, że analiza kształtu charakterystyki rezonansowej danego modu umożliwia wiarygodne różnicowanie zmęczenia od pęknięcia materiału.
On the Modal Analysis of a Cracking Compressor Blade
Authors: Witoś Mirosław 
Published: March 2009

On the Modal Analysis of a Cracking Compressor Blade
The paper deals with issues related to reliable recognition and prediction of health of steel compressor blades. It outlines symptoms that indicate the blade cracking, and identification methods that can be used during operation, maintenance and repairs/overhauls of turbine jet engines of the SO-3 type. An optical method involving laser measurements of blade vibration while on the excitation source is presented in details as it is implemented in the WZL-3 (Military Aviation Works No. 3). The method has been verified in practice and some findings from the verification process are discussed. Next, new testing capabilities offered by the method are presented, including identification of early symptoms of material fatigue (the strengthening and the weakening of the material) and the crack initiation. The topics under discussion have been illustrated with some examples taken while measuring modal properties typical of both defect-free and faulty blades as well as from fatigue tests conducted according to the LCF and HCF profiles. It has been proved that the analysis of resonance responses for specific modes of operation allows of reliable differentiation between material's fatigue and cracking.
Badania Struktury I Mikrotwardości Warstwy Konstutuowanej Laserowo NA Stali Konstrukcyjnej
Authors: Kłysz Sylwester , Bień Anna 
Published: March 2009

Badania Struktury I Mikrotwardości Warstwy Konstutuowanej Laserowo NA Stali Konstrukcyjnej
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań makro- i mikroskopowych struktury i pomiarów mikrotwardości warstwy wierzchniej próbek ze stali do ulepszania cieplnego 50H, poddanej laserowemu utwardzaniu. Na podstawie badań rentgenowskich przeprowadzonych na dyfraktometrach DRON-4 i Seifert XRD 3003 określono parametry sieci krystalograficznej i ilościową zawartość poszczególnych faz.
Neural Model of Radiolocation Signal Patterns Extractor
Authors: Krukar Wojciech , Niedziela Tadeusz 
Published: March 2009

Neural Model of Radiolocation Signal Patterns ExtractorSimulation researches have been conducted of programmable neural extractor model which realizes object detection and determines its position on the background of noise. For the simulation of radiolocation signal the model of signal has been used which is a sum of two independent processes, namely signal reflected from an object, and noise. This model takes into account impulse sounding, radiation characteristics of rotating aerial, fluctuation of echoing area of an object, and Doppler shift of carrier frequency. For comparative researches, models of superficial and superficial-amplitude extractors have been adopted. As a result of experience gathered during project work, the best network structure for the tasks given to neural extractor appeared to be a three-layer network trained by means of back propagation, having two hidden layers with tangensoidal activation function and a moveable threshold.
Portable Airfield Surfaces
Authors: Wesołowski Mariusz 
Published: March 2009

Portable Airfield SurfacesSince existing methods and technologies for rebuilding airfield surfaces damaged in unfortunate events can not cope with stringent time regimes, folding, portable airfield surfaces have been constructed. NATO member countries, including Poland, have at their disposal portable airfield surfaces which allow the restoration of damaged airfield surface system components in the shortest time possible. Currently, for repairing damage to major airfield surfaces two types of folding, portable airfield surfaces are used: aluminium and composite, both assuring safe conditions for airborne operations.
Metody FDM-A i FAM-C W Wykrywaniu I Monitorowaniu Silnie Zaciśniętych Łożysk Tocznych
Authors: Gębura Andrzej , Tokarski Tomasz 
Published: March 2009

Metody FDM-A i FAM-C W Wykrywaniu I Monitorowaniu Silnie Zaciśniętych Łożysk TocznychW artykule przedstawiono badania eksploatacyjne z zastosowaniem metod diagnostycznych opartych na wykorzystaniu analizy modulacji częstotliwości prądnic FDM-A i FAM-C. Metod tych użyto do wykrywania i monitorowania ruchu zbyt silnie zaciśniętych łożysk tocznych w węzłach łożyskowych silników turboodrzutowych. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono obserwacji ruchu tocznego poszczególnych elementów tocznych oraz płynności ruchu koszyka. W wyniku wykonanych badań i diagnoz stwierdzono, że z chwilą powstania zbyt silnego zacisku pierwszym i najważniejszym skutkiem, obserwowanym metodą FDM-A, jest względne zróżnicowanie stochastyczne płynności ruchu poszczególnych elementów tocznych. W wymienionej metodzie zjawisko to obserwowane jest jako niestabilność szerokości pasma zbioru charakterystycznego danego łożyska tocznego.
Preliminary genome‐wide association study of bipolar disorder in the Japanese population
Authors: Hattori Eiji , Toyota Tomoko , Ishitsuka Yuichi , Iwayama Yoshimi , Yamada Kazuo , Ujike Hiroshi , Morita Yukitaka , Kodama Masafumi , Nakata Kenji , Minabe Yoshio , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Iwata Yasuhide , Takei Nori , Mori Norio , Naitoh Hiroshi , Yamanouchi Yoshio , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio , Kato Tadafumi , Nishikawa Toru , Kashiwa Atsushi , Suzuki Mika , Shioe Kunihiko , Shinohara Manabu , Hirano Masami , Nanko Shinichiro , Akahane Akihisa , Ueno Mikako , Kaneko Naoshi , Watanabe Yuichiro , Someya Toshiyuki , Hashimoto Kenji , Iyo Masaomi , Itokawa Masanari , Arai Makoto , Nankai Masahiro , Inada Toshiya , Yoshida Sumiko , Kunugi Hiroshi , Nakamura Michiko , Iijima Yoshimi , Okazaki Yuji , Higuchi Teruhiko , Yoshikawa Takeo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecent progress in genotyping technology and the development of public databases has enabled large‐scale genome‐wide association tests with diseases. We performed a two‐stage genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of bipolar disorder (BD) in Japanese cohorts. First we used Affymetrix 100K GeneChip arrays in the analysis of 107 cases with bipolar I disorder and 107 controls, and selected markers that were nominally significant (P < 0.01) in at least one of the three models (1,577 markers in total). In the follow‐up stage, we analyzed these markers using an Illumina platform (1,526 markers; 51 markers were not designable for the platform) and an independent sample set, which consisted of 395 cases (bipolar I + II) and 409 controls. We also assessed the population stratification of current samples using principal components analysis. After the two‐stage analysis, 89 markers remained nominally significant (allelic P < 0.05) with the same allele being consistently over‐represented in both the first and the follow‐up stages. However, none of these were significant after correction for multiple‐testing by false discovery rates. Sample stratification was virtually negligible. Collectively, this is the first GWAS of BD in the Japanese population. But given the small sample size and the limited genomic coverage, these results should be taken as preliminary. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β2‐adrenoceptors are critical for antidepressant treatment of neuropathic pain
Authors: Yalcin Ipek , Choucair‐Jaafar Nada , Benbouzid Malika , Tessier Luc‐Henri , Muller André , Hein Lutz , Freund‐Mercier Marie‐José , Barrot Michel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are one of the first‐line pharmacological treatments against neuropathic pain. TCAs increase the extracellular concentrations of noradrenaline and serotonin by blocking the reuptake transporters of these amines. However, the precise downstream mechanism leading to the therapeutic action remains identified. In this work, we evaluated the role of adrenergic receptors (ARs) in the action of TCAs.MethodsWe used pharmacological and genetic approaches in mice to study the role of ARs in the antiallodynic action of the TCA nortriptyline. Peripheral neuropathy was induced by the insertion of a polyethylene cuff around the main branch of the sciatic nerve. The specific role of β2‐AR was evaluated by studying β2‐AR−/− mice. We used von Frey filaments to assess mechanical allodynia.ResultsThe antiallodynic action of nortriptyline was not affected by cotreatment with the α2‐AR antagonist yohimbine, the β1‐AR antagonists atenolol or metoprolol, or the β3‐AR antagonist SR 59230A. On the contrary, the β‐AR antagonists propranolol or sotalol, the β1/β2‐AR antagonists alprenolol or pindolol, or the specific β2‐AR antagonist ICI 118,551 blocked the action of nortriptyline. The effect of nortriptyline was also totally absent in β2‐AR–deficient mice.InterpretationStimulation of β2‐AR is necessary for nortriptyline to exert its antiallodynic action against neuropathic pain. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which antidepressants alleviate neuropathic pain. Our results also raise the question of a potential incompatibility between β‐blockers that affect β2‐AR and antidepressant drugs in patients treated for neuropathic pain. Ann Neurol 2009;65:218–225
Systems biology and its application to the understanding of neurological diseases
Authors: Villoslada Pablo , Steinman Lawrence , Baranzini Sergio E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecent advances in molecular biology, neurobiology, genetics, and imaging have demonstrated important insights about the nature of neurological diseases. However, a comprehensive understanding of their pathogenesis is still lacking. Although reductionism has been successful in enumerating and characterizing the components of most living organisms, it has failed to generate knowledge on how these components interact in complex arrangements to allow and sustain two of the most fundamental properties of the organism as a whole: its fitness, also termed its robustness, and its capacity to evolve. Systems biology complements the classic reductionist approaches in the biomedical sciences by enabling integration of available molecular, physiological, and clinical information in the context of a quantitative framework typically used by engineers. Systems biology employs tools developed in physics and mathematics such as nonlinear dynamics, control theory, and modeling of dynamic systems. The main goal of a systems approach to biology is to solve questions related to the complexity of living systems such as the brain, which cannot be reconciled solely with the currently available tools of molecular biology and genomics. As an example of the utility of this systems biological approach, network‐based analyses of genes involved in hereditary ataxias have demonstrated a set of pathways related to RNA splicing, a novel pathogenic mechanism for these diseases. Network‐based analysis is also challenging the current nosology of neurological diseases. This new knowledge will contribute to the development of patient‐specific therapeutic approaches, bringing the paradigm of personalized medicine one step closer to reality. Ann Neurol 2009;65:124–139
Telomerisation – Fortschritte und Anwendungen einer vielseitigen Reaktion
Authors: Behr Arno , Becker Marc , Beckmann Thomas , Johnen Leif , Leschinski Julia , Reyer Sebastian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWandelbar wie ein Chamäleon: Die übergangsmetallkatalysierte Telomerisation von 1,3‐Dienen mit verschiedenen Nucleophilen führt zur zahlreichen Produkten, die sowohl in Kosmetika und Pharmaka als auch in Polymeren und Duftstoffen Anwendung finden. Der Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über diese vielseitige Reaktion mit Bezug auf die aktuelle Forschung und industrielle Anwendungen.magnified imageDurch übergangsmetallkatalysierte Telomerisation von 1,3‐Dienen mit verschiedenen Nucleophilen lassen sich zahlreiche funktionalisierte Kohlenwasserstoffe synthetisieren, z. B. Zuckerether, substituierte Lactone oder Terpenderivate, die in Kosmetika und pharmazeutischen Produkten sowie in Polymeren und Aromastoffen Anwendung finden. Die Reaktion kann durch die Wahl des Katalysatorsystems, der Reaktanten und der Reaktionsbedingungen gesteuert werden. Seit der Entdeckung der Telomerisation im Jahr 1967 gab es viele Ansätze zur Nutzung der Reaktion. In diesem Aufsatz wird anhand von Beispielen aus Forschung und Industrie die Vielseitigkeit dieser Reaktion verdeutlicht, wobei besonders auf Katalysator‐ und Prozessentwicklungen sowie ausgewählte mechanistische Aspekte eingegangen wird.
Helicale Anordnung von Porphyrinen entlang der DNA: auf dem Weg zu DNA‐Nanoarchitekturen
Authors: Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStaple sie helical: Ein selbstorganisierter, helicaler Stapel von bis zu elf mit zwei unterschiedlichen Porphyrin(Po)‐Einheiten (blau und rot im gezeigten Doppelstrang) modifizierten Uridinresten beruht auf dem supramolekularen Strukturgerüst doppelsträngiger DNA und zeigt vielversprechende optische Eigenschaften. Solche Architekturen könnten Anwendung als funktionelle Moleküle für photoaktive Nanomaterialien und photonische Nanostrukturen finden.magnified image
Unprecedented Selectivity via Electronic Substrate Recognition in the 1,4‐Addition to Cyclic Olefins Using a Chiral Disulfoxide Rhodium Catalyst
Authors: Bürgi Justus J. , Mariz Ronaldo , Gatti Michele , Drinkel Emma , Luan Xinjun , Blumentritt Sascha , Linden Anthony , Dorta Reto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUnd es geht doch: Sulfoxide galten bisher als wenig nützliche Liganden für die asymmetrische Metallkatalyse. Ein chiraler Disulfoxid‐Chelatligand wurde nun gefunden, der bei der Rh‐katalysierten 1,4‐Addition von Arylboronsäuren an cyclische α,β‐ungesättigte Ketone und Ester hervorragende Ergebnisse liefert und so den Weg für zukünftige Anwendungen dieser neuen chiralen Ligandenklasse ebnet.magnified image
Helical Arrangement of Porphyrins along DNA: Towards Photoactive DNA‐Based Nanoarchitectures
Authors: Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStack them helically: A self‐assembled helically stacked array of up to 11 porphyrin (Po)‐modified uridines (red and blue in the double strand shown) is based on the supramolecular scaffold of duplex DNA and shows promising optical properties. Such architectures could find application as functional molecules for photoactive nanomaterials and photonic nanostructures.magnified image
Inside Cover: Bifunctional Dendrimers: From Robust Synthesis and Accelerated One‐Pot Postfunctionalization Strategy to Potential Applications (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 12/2009)
Authors: Antoni Per , Hed Yvonne , Nordberg Axel , Nyström Daniel , von Holst Hans , Hult Anders , Malkoch Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy taking advantage of “click” chemistry's chemoselective nature, a new platform of bifunctional AB2C dendrimers, having acetylene/azide groups anchored within the interior and hydroxy groups on the periphery, has been realized. In their Communication on page 2126 ff. M. Malkoch and co‐workers reveal a simple synthetic route for two sets of frameworks. To illustrate the utility of AB2C dendrimers they were used in a one‐pot postfunctionalization protocol, in the development of dendritic nanoparticles, and in the formation of hydrogels.magnified image
Polypropylene/natural rubber thermoplastic elastomer: Effect of phenolic resin as a vulcanizing agent on mechanical properties and morphology
Authors: Tanrattanakul Varaporn , Kosonmetee Kesinee , Laokijcharoen Pasaree 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to characterize thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) from polypropylene and natural rubber with and without phenolic resin as a vulcanizing agent. The blends containing 40–60 wt % of polypropylene were mixed in an internal mixer and pressed with a compression molding machine. TPEs without rubber vulcanization, named as unvulcanized thermoplastic natural rubber (uTPNR) were compared to TPEs containing dynamic vulcanized rubber, referred as vulcanized thermoplastic natural rubber (vTPNR). The uTPNRs illustrated cocontinuous phase morphology, whereas the vTPNRs displayed dispersed phase of vulcanized natural rubber. Tensile properties, tear strength, thermal ageing resistance, ozone resistance, tension set, hardness and swelling test in toluene, IRM 903 oil and engine oil were carried out according to ASTM. It was found that tensile and tear strength, hardness and tension set of the uTPNRs increased with increasing polypropylene content. Dynamic vulcanization improved tensile strength, elongation at break, tension set and degree of swelling of the TPEs, whereas hardness and tear strength did not show significant change after dynamic vulcanization. The vTPNRs exhibited higher ozone resistance and swelling resistance than the uTPNRs. Reprocessability of the vTPNRs was investigated and showed that tensile strength decreased at 20 and 30% and elongation at break decreased at 13 and 27% for the first and the third reprocessing respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
How effective is geophysical survey? A regional review
Authors: Jordan David 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGeophysics is such an accepted part of British archaeology that its effectiveness seems obvious. Yet if there is no reason to doubt the benefits of geophysics why do some experienced archaeologists use it so rarely and why is it little used in some countries which, in other ways, have highly developed professional archaeology services? There are, often cheaper, alternatives for archaeological survey. Yet since the performance of different survey methods has rarely been studied systematically there is no objective basis on which to test which choices best meet archaeologists' needs. Moreover the geophysicists' understandable desire to present successful rather than unsuccessful surveys, and to discuss results in geophysical rather than archaeological terms, makes such assessment more difficult. Thus although geophysical surveyors have strong grounds to claim that their work benefits archaeology, those who pay for survey can reasonably ask that these benefits be clarified, quantified where possible, and compared with alternatives, such as aerial photography or surface artefact survey, so that they can make the best choices about its use.This paper summarizes a study of all the geophysical surveys carried out in the northwest of England before 2006. The study assessed the performance of geophysical surveys in archaeological terms and was centred on a detailed analysis of 35 sites for which there is good comparative excavation data or which have particularly illustrative case histories. The study concludes that, despite the doubts in this area, geophysics serves archaeologists well and provides greater certainty in both identifying where sites exist and where they do not exist than has been generally assumed. It therefore deserves more extensive and more rational use. Geophysics is, however, being underused because, although abundant, surveys are formulaic and commercial surveyors are rarely able to fit methodologies to sites by a programme of reflective project development. Thus, although currently effective, geophysics might be even more so if surveyors had the time and resources to do this and to answer more complex and specific questions. The paper considers how these findings relate to the use of geophysical survey in other countries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the multiple coil configurations of the EM38DD and DUALEM‐21S sensors to detect archaeological anomalies
Authors: Simpson David , Van Meirvenne Marc , Saey Timothy , Vermeersch Hans , Bourgeois Jean , Lehouck Alexander , Cockx Liesbet , Vitharana Udayakantha W. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe multiple coil configurations of two electromagnetic induction sensors were tested on a field with strong electrical and magnetic contrasts. The first sensor, EM38DD, measures either the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa or σa) or the apparent magnetic susceptibility (MSa or χa) of the soil at two coil orientations. The second sensor, DUALEM‐21S, measures both ECa and MSa at two coil orientations and two coil separations. The goal was to test if measuring with the multiple coils resulted in a better detection of near‐surface artefacts and the natural soil variability. The ECa of all coil configurations was closely related to the depth of a clay substrate beneath the topsoil sandy loam, which was verified by soil augering. Configurations with a shallower theoretical depth of exploration were less influenced by the clay substrate. Combining two coil configurations revealed important ECa anomalies, not visible on individual measurements, associated with a brick wall foundation and a former ditch. The MSa maps showed totally different anomaly patterns, related to anthropogenic disturbances in the soil, such as the filling‐in with brick rubble of a former pond. Depending on the depth and thickness of the disturbance and the relative response of the sensor configurations, the MSa anomalies were entirely positive for one configuration but other configurations also had negative anomalies. It was concluded that multiple coil configurations provide a better insight into the build‐up of the soil profile and are better able to detect anomalies than single measurements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood laboratory findings in patients suffering from self‐perceived electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS)
Authors: Dahmen Norbert , Ghezel‐Ahmadi David , Engel Alice 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRisks from electromagnetic devices are of considerable concern. Electrohypersensitive (EHS) persons attribute a variety of rather unspecific symptoms to exposure to electromagnetic fields. The pathophysiology of EHS is unknown and therapy remains a challenge. We hypothesized that some electrosensitive individuals are suffering from common somatic health problems. Toward this end we analysed clinical laboratory parameters including thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, hemoglobine, hematocrit and c‐reactive protein (CRP) in subjects suffering from EHS and in controls that are routinely used in clinical medicine to identify or screen for common somatic disorders. One hundred thirty‐two patients (n = 42 males and n = 90 females) and 101 controls (n = 34 males and n = 67 females) were recruited. Our results identified laboratory signs of thyroid dysfunction, liver dysfunction and chronic inflammatory processes in small but remarkable fractions of EHS sufferers as potential sources of symptoms that merit further investigation in future studies. In the cases of TSH and ALT/AST there were significant differences between cases and controls. The hypotheses of anaemia or kidney dysfunction playing a major role in EHS could be unambiguously refuted. Clinically it is recommended to check for signs of treatable somatic conditions when caring for individuals suffering from self‐proclaimed EHS. Bioelectromagnetics 30:299–306, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.