bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scream–embrace displays in wild black‐horned capuchin monkeys
Authors: Lynch Alfaro Jessica 
Published: January 2008

AbstractReintroduction of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) into their social group in captivity can elicit sirena screams and embraces. Captive scream–embrace displays are male biased, and females never perform sirena screams. One hypothesis is that scream–embrace displays serve a tension‐reduction or reconciliatory function between males with conflicting interests. Alternatively, these displays may function to maintain strong affiliative bonds between friendly male dyads. Scream and/or embrace displays in wild Brazilian black‐horned capuchins were analyzed for social and ecological contexts, behavioral components, and individuals involved. Seventy‐two displays were observed during the 199‐day study period. Among the 66 displays for which both members could be identified by sex, there were 42 occurrences of male–male dyads, 17 of male–female dyads, and seven of female–female dyads. Scream–embrace dyads were male–male pairs significantly more often than expected from group membership, and the α male was the only male to engage in scream–embrace displays with females. Female–female pairs did embrace, but never emitted sirena screams. Displays most commonly occurred in “reunion” contexts, primarily the reuniting of subgroups after hours or days out of contact, but also after intergroup encounters, and across groups in “intergroup” displays. Displays were rare, but socially contagious, and subgroup reunions could elicit multiple displays in rapid succession. Although the occurrence of screams and embraces was positively correlated, both behaviors also occurred independently, and their functions may be different. Male sirena screams may be honest advertisements of united alliances, directed toward a third party, whereas the embrace may be a risky affiliative signal, directed primarily within the dyad. Am. J. Primatol. 70:551–559, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Mays S. , Brickley M. , Ives R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe rapid urbanization of the Industrial Revolution in 18th–19th century England presented new health challenges. Our aim is to investigate using English skeletal remains whether the living conditions for an urban working class group in the Industrial Revolution negatively impacted upon their skeletal growth compared with a population from a rural agrarian parish. The Industrial Revolution skeletal material is from St Martin's Churchyard, Birmingham (SMB), West Midlands. It dates primarily from the first half of the nineteenth century when Birmingham was a major manufacturing center. The rural group is from Wharram Percy (WP), North Yorkshire, and dates from 10th–19th century AD. The methodology involves plotting diaphyseal bone lengths versus dental age for subadults. No overall difference was found between the two populations in bone length‐for‐age among the 2‐ to 18‐year cohort. However the younger parts of the SMB cohort were smaller than at WP; the opposite was true of the older parts of the cohort. Growth rate, as inferred from crosssectional data, appeared greater at SMB than at WP. The only result consistent with expectations is the larger bone dimensions in young children from WP, but this likely reflects prolonged breastfeeding at WP not differences in urban and rural environments. That the deleterious health effects that we know accompanied the major transition in human society from a rural agrarian to an urban industrialized living environment should be little manifest in skeletal endochondral growth data is discouraging for those who would use such methodology to monitor health in earlier populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Admixture and sexual bias in the population settlement of La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean)
Authors: Berniell‐Lee Gemma , Plaza Stéphanie , Bosch Elena , Calafell Francesc , Jourdan Eric , Césari Maya , Lefranc Gérard , Comas David 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLa Réunion, one of the three Mascarene islands located in the Indian Ocean, remained devoid of inhabitants until it was first colonized by the French in the middle of the 17th century. The continuous flow of foreign‐born slaves and immigrant workers from Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and China to work on coffee and sugar cane plantations led to the island becoming a melting pot of people of multiple ethnic origins. To establish the impact of the different incoming ethnic groups on the present Reunionese gene pool, we have sequenced both hypervariable regions I and II of the mitochondrial DNA molecule, the 9 bp COII/tRNALys deletion, and four SNPs located in the coding region in a total of 41 samples of the general population, and a further 18 STRs and 35 SNPs on the Y chromosome in 26 of these samples. Our results show that there was a strong sexual bias (asymmetrical gene flow) in the peopling of La Réunion, where admixture events were mainly between male settlers and females from the incoming slave groups. Most of the Y‐chromosome gene pool is of European/Middle Eastern ancestry (85%), whereas the mtDNA gene pool is mainly of Indian and East Asian ancestry (70%). The absence of genetic diversity within these two major components of the mtDNA gene pool suggests these populations may have witnessed strong founder effects during the colonization process. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Energieeffiziente Synthesegasproduktion durch katalytische Sauerstoff‐Reformierung von Methan
Authors: Choudhary Tushar V. , Choudhary Vasant R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDas wachsende Interesse an der Umwandlung von schlecht zugänglichem Methan in einfach zu transportierende Flüssigkeiten sowie an der Brennstoffzellentechnologie hat für neuen Auftrieb bei der Suche nach effizienten Synthesegasproduktionsprozessen gesorgt. Die Herstellung von Synthesegas (CO/H2), einem sehr vielseitig verwendbaren Zwischenprodukt, ist oft der teuerste Schritt bei der Umwandlung von Methan in höherwertige flüssige Brennstoffe. In dieser Übersicht soll die katalytische Sauerstoff‐Reformierung von Methan diskutiert werden. Dieser Prozess ist sehr energieeffizient und kann Synthesegas mit hohen Raum‐Zeit‐Ausbeuten liefern. Da die Langzeitstabilität der verwendeten Katalysatoren entscheidend ist für eine großkommerzielle Nutzung dieses Prozesses, gibt es eine enorme Zahl an Untersuchungen über Katalysatoren. Wir wollen uns hier auf die Fragen konzentrieren, die bei der Entwicklung von Katalysatoren für die Oxy‐Reformierung eine große Rolle spielen. Daneben werden jedoch auch wichtige Aspekte ähnlicher Prozesse, der katalytischen Oxy‐Dampf‐, Oxy‐CO2‐ und Oxy‐Dampf‐CO2‐Reformierung, behandelt werden.
Aufdoppelung, Verstärkung von Vollholzbalken – Effiziente Balken‐, Pfetten‐ und Sparrenertüchtigung mit Doppel‐ und Vollgewindeschrauben
Authors: Heller Hanfried 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit der zunehmend erforderlichen Rekonstruktion/Sanierung von Altbauten sind oft die statischen und bauphysikalischen Qualitäten von Decken‐ und Dachkonstruktionen zu verbessern. Mit den jetzt verfügbaren, zugelassenen neuartigen Schrauben sind “sanfte” und sehr effektive Eingriffe in die Holztragstruktur möglich.
Dehnungsverfestigendes zementgebundenes Material für die Sanierung gerissener Betonflächen
Authors: Wagner Christian , Slowik Volker , Waldenburger Karsten 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn Beschichtungen auf gerissenen Betonflächen kann es infolge auftretender Rissbewegungen in der sanierten Konstruktion zu lokalen Überbeanspruchungen der Beschichtung kommen, wodurch auch in dieser Risse entstehen. Die vorgestellten experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen betreffen einen hochduktilen zementgebundenen Mörtel (SHCC), welcher aufgrund seiner Verformungsfähigkeit in der Lage ist, große Rissweiten dauerhaft zu überbrücken. Es werden Eigenschaften und bruchmechanisches Verhalten des Materials erläutert und experimentelle Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Anwendung für Sanierungsschichten auf horizontalen Betonflächen vorgestellt. Hierbei wird speziell auf die lokale Beanspruchung infolge vorhandener Risse in der zu sanierenden Oberfläche eingegangen. Ergebnisse numerischer Simulationen mittels eines Finite‐Elemente‐Modells bestätigten die rissüberbrückende Wirkung des hochduktilen Mörtels im hier untersuchten Anwendungsfall. Bei zwei Pilotanwendungen wurden baupraktische Erfahrungen mit dem Sanierungsmörtel gesammelt.
Opinion: is growing biofuel crops a crime against humanity?
Authors: Mathews John A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThere has been much hyperbole voiced against biofuels of late. At the end of October the United Nations special rapporteur on the right to food, Jean Ziegler, stated at a press conference in New York that it was ‘a crime against humanity to divert arable land to the production of crops which are then burned for fuel’. These sentiments were then echoed by George Monbiot, in The Guardian, when he claimed, amongst other things, that ‘biofuels could kill more people than the Iraq war’.The oil lobby must be rubbing its hands with glee. Never in over a century of destructive use of fossil fuels have such charges been leveled against the internal combustion engine and the fossil fuels burnt that are actually creating the problem of global warming. Instead it is the potentially clean substitutes that are attracting all the opprobrium. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Non‐VACTERL‐type anomalies are frequent in patients with esophageal atresia/tracheo‐esophageal fistula and full or partial VACTERL association
Authors: de Jong Elisabeth M. , Felix Janine F. , Deurloo Jacqueline A. , van Dooren Marieke F. , Aronson Daniël C. , Torfs Claudine P. , Heij Hugo A. , Tibboel Dick 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:The VACTERL association is the nonrandom co‐occurrence of Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiovascular malformations, Tracheo‐esophageal fistula (TEF) and/or Esophageal atresia (EA), Renal anomalies, and/or Limb‐anomalies. The full phenotype of patients with EA/TEF and other anomalies of the VACTERL spectrum of defects association is not well described in the literature.METHODS:Data on patients with EA/TEF seen in two pediatric surgical centers in the Netherlands between January 1988 and August 2006 were evaluated for defects of the VACTERL spectrum as well as non‐VACTERL‐type defects. The presence of two or more defects of the VACTERL spectrum in addition to EA/TEF was the criterion for inclusion in this study. A detailed description was made of all defects.RESULTS:Of 463 patients with EA and/or TEF, 107 (23.1%) fulfilled the inclusion criterion, of which seventeen cases had a recognized etiology and were excluded, leaving 90 cases (19.4%) for analysis. Other than the esophagus and the trachea, the vertebrae/ribs and the cardiovascular system were most commonly affected (68.9 and 65.6%, respectively). Interestingly, 70% of cases had additional non‐VACTERL‐type defects, with high occurrences for single umbilical artery (20%), genital defects (23.3%), and respiratory tract anomalies (13.3%).CONCLUSIONS:Many patients with EA/TEF and at least two other defects of the VACTERL spectrum also display non‐VACTERL‐type congenital anomalies. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane interactions of designed cationic antimicrobial peptides: The two thresholds
Authors: Glukhov Evgenia , Burrows Lori L. , Deber Charles M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNovel cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) designed in our lab—typified by sequences such as KKKKKKAAX‐AAXAAXAA‐NH2, where X = Phe/Trp—display high antibacterial activity but exhibit little or no hemolytic activity towards human red blood cells even at high doses. To clarify the mechanism of their selectivity for bacterial versus mammalian membranes and to increase our understanding of the relationships between primary sequence and bioactivity, a library of derivatives was prepared by increasing segmental hydrophobicity, in which systematic substitutions of Ala for two, three, or four Leu residues were made. Conformationally constrained dimeric and cyclic derivatives were also synthesized. The peptides were examined for activity against pathogenic bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa), hemolytic activity on human red blood cells, and insertion into models of natural bacterial membranes (containing anionic lipids) and mammalian membranes (containing zwitterionic lipids + cholesterol). Results were compared with corresponding properties of the natural CAPs magainin and cecropin. Using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, we found that peptide conformation and membrane insertion were sequence dependent, both upon the number of Leu residues, and upon their positions along the hydrophobic core. Membrane disruption was likely enhanced by the fact that the peptides contain potent dimerization‐promoting sequence motifs, as assessed by SDS‐PAGE gel analysis. The overall results led us to identify distinctions in the mechanism of actions of these CAPs for disruption of bacterial versus mammalian membranes, the latter dependent on surpassing a “second hydrophobicity threshold” for insertion into zwitterionic membranes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 360–371, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Tactile stimulation during artificial rearing influences adult function and morphology in a sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system
Authors: Lenz Kathryn M. , Graham M. Dean , Parada Mayte , Fleming Alison S. , Sengelaub Dale R. , Monks D. Ashley 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMaternal licking of rat pups affects the development of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB), a sexually dimorphic motor nucleus that controls penile reflexes involved with copulation. Maternal licking influences SNB motoneurons, with reductions in licking producing decreased SNB number, size, and dendritic length in adulthood. Reduced maternal licking also produces deficits in adult male copulatory behavior. In this experiment, we used an artificial rearing paradigm to assess the potential role of tactile stimulation in mediating the effects of maternal licking on the SNB neuromuscular system. During artificial rearing, pups were stroked with a paintbrush to mimic maternal licking, receiving low, medium, or high levels of daily stimulation. In adulthood, ex copula penile reflex behavior was tested and the morphology of SNB motoneurons assessed. SNB motoneurons were retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin‐conjugated HRP and dendritic arbor was reconstructed in three dimensions. Animals that received low levels of stimulation showed deficits in penile reflexes relative to maternally reared controls, including a longer latency to erection, fewer cup erections, and fewer erection clusters. SNB dendritic morphology was also shaped by stimulation condition, with animals that received low or medium levels of stimulation showing an average 27% reduction in dendritic length. In addition, several reflex behaviors were significantly correlated with dendritic length, including latency to first erection, percent of cup erections, and number of erection clusters. These results suggest that tactile stimulation provided by maternal licking mediates some of the effects of maternal care on the development of male copulatory behavior. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
Al‐Doped Apatite‐Type Nanocrystalline Lanthanum Silicates Prepared by Mechanochemical Synthesis: Phase, Structural and Microstructural Study
Authors: Kharlamova Tamara , Pavlova Svetlana , Sadykov Vladislav , Chaikina Marina , Krieger Tamara , Lapina Olga , Khabibulin Dzhalil , Ishchenko Arcady , Zaikovskii Vladimir , Argirusis Christos , Frade Jorge 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAl‐doped La9.33+x/3+ySi6–xAlxO26+3y/2 (x = 0–1.5, y = 0–0.67) apatite‐type lanthanum silicates (ATLS) were synthesized with a high‐power (1200 rpm) planetary ball mill that allows the formation of the lanthanum silicate phase after milling for 20–35 min at room temperature. The apatite phase already appears after milling for 5 min. Phase, structural and microstructural studies on the nanocrystalline lanthanum silicates were carried out by using XRD, TEM, and IR, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy to clarify the mechanism of ATLS formation. The cluster‐topotactic mechanism of the formation of apatite by mechanochemical treatment involving hydration of the starting compounds and acid–base reactions is suggested. Al‐doping results in promoting the formation of apatite. However, a secondary LaAlO3 phase may be present in the sample depending on its stoichiometry. This suggests the existence of a biphase domain in the La2O3–SiO2–Al2O3 phase diagram at room temperature, in which Al‐doped apatite and LaAlO3 phases coexist. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Health behaviour, depression and religiosity in older patients admitted to intermediate care
Authors: Yohannes A. M. , Koenig H. G. , Baldwin R. C. , Connolly M. J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo examine health behaviour, severity of depression, gender differences and religiosity in older patients admitted to intermediate care for further rehabilitation.DesignCross‐sectional survey.ParticipantsA research physiotherapist interviewed 173 older patients (113 female), 60 and older consecutively admitted to intermediate care for rehabilitation, usually after acute care.MeasurementsReligiosity was measured using the Duke University Religion Index, depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, and severity of depression measured by the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Physical disability was assessed by the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale and quality of life measured by the SF‐36 questionnaire.ResultsAfter controlling for other factors using multiple regression, religious attendance was associated with positive general health perception (t = 1.9, p = 0.05), and inversely associated with number of pack years smoked (t = −2.05, p = 0.04) and severity of illness (Charlson Index), [t = −2.05, p = 0.04]. Intrinsic religious activity was associated with older age (t = 3.06, p < 0.003), female gender (t = 2.52, p = 0. 01), living situation (t = −2.17, p < 0.03) and with less severe depression (t = −2.43, p = 0.01).ConclusionIn older patients with chronic diseases in intermediate care, religious attendance was associated with positive perceptions of health, less severe illness, and fewer pack years. Intrinsic religious activities were associated with less severe depression and lower likelihood of living alone. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dialectical behavior therapy for comorbid personality disorders
Authors: Lynch Thomas R. , Cheavens Jennifer S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally designed as a treatment of emotionally dysregulated, impulsive, and dramatic disorders (e.g., borderline personality disorder) and populations (e.g., parasuicidal women). However, a number of complex disorders represent the dialectical opposite of BPD and related disorders; these disorders are characterized by being overcontrolled, emotionally constricted, perfectionistic, and highly risk‐averse. In this article, the authors introduce a recent adaptation of DBT that targets cognitive–behavioral rigidity and emotional constriction and illustrates its application through the case of a man suffering from both paranoid personality disorder and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. In Session 64: 1–14, 2008.
Integrated therapy for complex cases of personality disorder
Authors: Livesley John 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this article, the author presents and illustrates the treatment of a patient with dependent and borderline personality disorders and other maladaptive traits using an integrated and eclectic approach tailored to the patient's psychopathology and personality. Interventions are selected where possible based on evidence of what works. However, because empirical evidence on treatment efficacy for personality disorder is limited, interventions were often selected based on a rational analysis of the most effective way to treat a given problem. The delivery of an eclectic array of interventions was integrated and coordinated through an emphasis on generic methods and on a phases of change model that targets symptoms and problems in a systematic way based on evidence of the stability of symptoms and personality. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1–15, 2008.
Preliminary investigations on a new gentamicin and vancomycin‐coated PMMA nail for the treatment of bone and intramedullary infections: An experimental study in the rabbit
Authors: Giavaresi Gianluca , Borsari Veronica , Fini Milena , Giardino Roberto , Sambri Vittorio , Gaibani Paolo , Soffiatti Renzo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo evaluate a new gentamicin–vancomycin‐ impregnated (2:1) PMMA coating nail as a drug delivery device to treat bone and intramedullary infections, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used to induce femoral osteomyelitis in 20 New Zealand male rabbits. Four weeks after inoculum, the animals were submitted to debridement of infected femur canal, divided into four groups of five animals each and treated according to the following protocols: Group 1, insertion of a steel AISI316 intramedullary nail; Group 2, insertion of a gentamicin–vancomycin‐impregnated PMMA nail; Group 3, no therapy; and Group 4 no fixation device and 1‐week systemic antibiotic therapy with teicoplanin i.m. At 7 weeks after inoculum, the femurs were explanted sterilely. The radiological score showed that the lowest and best radiological score was observed in Group 2 that was significantly different from the other groups. The highest bacterial load in the femoral canal was found in Group 1, which was significantly different from Group 2 and Group 4 (p < 0.05). Histology showed that Group 2 produced a marked improvement (p < 0.005) of the bone injuries induced by the osteomyelitis in comparison with the other groups (Smeltzer score). The current findings showed that tested device might effectively lead to MRSA infection healing after surgical debridement and immediate implantation. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:785–792, 2008