bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Content Alters Macrophage Signaling and Function
Authors: Qin Chunbo , Nagao Tomokazu , Grosheva Inna , Maxfield Frederick R. , Pierini Lynda M. 
Published: November 2005

Objective—During atherogenesis, macrophages migrate into the subendothelial space where they ingest deposited lipoproteins, accumulate lipids, and transform into foam cells. It is unclear why these macrophages do not remove their lipid loads from the region. This study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that macrophage behavior is altered when membrane cholesterol levels are elevated, as might be the case for cells in contact with lipoproteins within atherosclerotic lesions.Methods and Results—We examined the effects of elevating membrane cholesterol on macrophage behavior. J774 macrophages were treated with either acetylated low-density lipoprotein (ac-LDL) and ACAT inhibitor or cholesterol-chelated methyl-β-cyclodextrin (chol-MβCD) to increase membrane cholesterol levels. Our results show that elevating the membrane cholesterol of J774 macrophages induced dramatic ruffling, stimulated cell spreading, and affected F-actin organization. Cellular adhesion was required for these effects, and Rac-mediated signaling pathways were involved. Additionally, 3-dimensional transwell chemotaxis assays showed that migration of J774 macrophages was significantly inhibited when membrane cholesterol levels were raised.Conclusions—These findings indicate that increased membrane cholesterol causes dramatic effects on macrophage cellular functions related to the actin cytoskeleton. They should provide new insights into the early steps of atherogenesis.
Changing Attitudes Towards Women's Madness in Nineteenth-Century Egypt
Authors: El-Saadi Hoda 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMental illness in Egypt had undergone significant changes by the end of the nineteenth century. European norms and definitions of mental illness, deriving their origins from the new psychiatry, began to infiltrate the country as an outcome of European intervention. Such norms replaced local norms, leading to a change in the definition of mental illness and the way society viewed and dealt with the mentally ill. In pre-modernist societies, the prevailing outlook on the mentally ill was mainly characterized by tolerance and acceptance, and tended to equate the mentally ill with any other patient who could be cured. Such an outlook changed into a more stringent and isolating one that dealt with the mentally ill cautiously and fearfully and considered them a liability to society that, like any contagious patient, needed to be expelled. Mental asylums in the early and middle Islamic ages were a place for the treatment of the mentally ill, rather than institutions for locking up and isolating them from societies. These asylums were usually built in the heart of the cities to make it easier for relatives to visit their loved ones.
Scheherazade's Nonverbal Narratives
Authors: Al-Musawi Muhsin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAlthough a great deal of research and criticism has been done on The Thousand and One Nights, very little is done on its nonverbal narrative components. While speech and, later, writing make up the communication system between the audience and the story teller, there is much that is left for the reader to imagine in terms of non-speech acts, icons, mysterious inscription, specific dishes, paintings, and talismanic means that operate as narrative components of great nonverbal efficacy. It is the purpose of this reading to study some of these, while leaving "The City of Brass" and Sindabad tales until later. At a later stage, I also will read these as communication systems in relation to the classical Arabic theories of semiotics and rhetoric.
The Changing Value of Alf Laylah Wa Laylah for Nineteenth-Century Arabic, Persian, and English Readerships
Authors: Rastegar Kamran 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis article traces the social and cultural circumstances of nineteenth-century compilations and translations of Alf Laylah wa Laylah into English, Arabic, or Persian, in particular to gauge what cultural value these modern editions were thought to hold for their readerships. Through an examination of the critical discourse around the text, it can be shown how the text's cultural value was transformed through "transactions"—the translations and appropriations. The transformation of the value of the text during this period illuminates the changing social role of literary practice and consumption in these societies.
Juhā in the Arabian Nights
Authors: Marzolph Ulrich 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn his description of the nineteenth-century Madrid manuscript of the Arabian Nights, Duncan B. MacDonald states that there is no good reason why Juhā, the famous trickster character of the Arab world, should not appear in the Nights. The present essay evaluates this statement by surveying various occurrences of Juhā in texts related to the Nights, including the Mardrus translation (vol. 15, published in 1904) and the manuscript Taimūriyya qisas 15 (dating from the sixteenth century). A thorough analysis of the Juhā anecdote as integrated into the Madrid manuscript leads to the conclusion that the occurrence of Juhā in that manuscript is a singular phenomenon.
Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences
Authors: Harhay Gregory P , Sonstegard Tad S , Keele John W , Heaton Michael P , Clawson Michael L , Snelling Warren M , Wiedmann Ralph T , Van Tassell Curt P , Smith Timothy PL 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Genome assemblies rely on the existence of transcript sequence to stitch together contigs, verify assembly of whole genome shotgun reads, and annotate genes. Functional genomics studies also rely on transcript sequence to create expression microarrays or interpret digital tag data produced by methods such as Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). Transcript sequence can be predicted based on reconstruction from overlapping expressed sequence tags (EST) that are obtained by single-pass sequencing of random cDNA clones, but these reconstructions are prone to errors caused by alternative splice forms, transcripts from gene families with related sequences, and expressed pseudogenes. These errors confound genome assembly and annotation. The most useful transcript sequences are derived by complete insert sequencing of clones containing the entire length, or at least the full protein coding sequence (CDS) portion, of the source mRNA. While the bovine genome sequencing initiative is nearing completion, there is currently a paucity of bovine full-CDS mRNA and protein sequence data to support bovine genome assembly and functional genomics studies. Consequently, the production of high-quality bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences will enhance the bovine genome assembly and functional studies of bovine genes and gene products. The goal of this investigation was to identify and characterize the full-CDS sequences of bovine transcripts from clones identified in non-full-length enriched cDNA libraries. In contrast to several recent full-length cDNA investigations, these full-CDS cDNAs were selected, sequenced, and annotated without the benefit of the target organism's genomic sequence, by using comparison of bovine EST sequence to existing human mRNA to identify likely full-CDS clones for full-length insert cDNA (FLIC) sequencing.

Results
The predicted bovine protein lengths, 5' UTR lengths, and Kozak consensus sequences from 954 b ovine FLIC sequences (bFLICs; average length 1713 nt, representing 762 distinct loci) are all consistent with previously sequenced mammalian full-length transcripts.

Conclusion
In most cases, the bFLICs span the entire CDS of the genes, providing the basis for creating predicted bovine protein sequences to support proteomics and comparative evolutionary research as well as functional genomics and genome annotation. The results demonstrate the utility of the comparative approach in obtaining predicted protein sequences in other species.
Incorporation of branched-chain fatty acid into cellular lipids and caspase-independent apoptosis in human breast cancer cell line, SKBR-3
Authors: Wongtangtintharn Sawitree , Oku Hirosuke , Iwasaki Hironori , Inafuku Masashi , Toda Takayoshi , Yanagita Teruyoshi 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
13-Methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTD), an iso-C15 branched- chain saturated fatty acid, has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death of numerous human cancer cells. However, the mechanism for the induction of apoptosis has not been fully understood. This study described the incorporation of 13-MTD into cellular lipid of SKBR-3 breast cancer cells and apoptosis related event to gain more insight into the mechanism action of this fatty acid.

Results
Treatment of SKBR-3 cells with 13-MTD lowered the cell viability and induced apoptosis. Proportion of 13-MTD in the glycerolipids increased to saturation level within 6 hours. Triacylglycerol contained 13-MTD in higher concentration than phospholipid with positional preference to sn-2. 13-MTD caused no changes in the caspase activity and its gene expression. Furthermore, addition of caspase-inhibitor to culture medium did not prevent the cells from the cytotoxicity of 13-MTD. No-increase in the cellular calcium level was also noted with 13-MTD treatment. However, 13-MTD disrupted the mitochondrial integrity in 4 hours, and increased the nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor.

Conclusion
These results showed that 13-MTD disrupted the mitochondrial integrity, and induced apoptosis via caspase-independent death pathway.
Do proxies reflect patients' health concerns about urinary incontinence and gait problems?
Authors: Higashi Takahiro , Hays Ron D , Brown Julie A , Kamberg Caren J , Pham Chau , Reuben David B , Shekelle Paul G , Solomon David H , Young Roy T , Roth Carol P , Chang John T , MacLean Catherine H , Wenger Neil S 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
While falls and urinary incontinence are prevalent among older patients, who sometimes rely on proxies to provide their health information, the validity of proxy reports of concern about falls and urinary incontinence remains unknown.

Methods
Telephone interviews with 43 consecutive patients with falls or fear of falling and/or bothersome urinary incontinence and their proxies chosen by patients as most knowledgeable about their health. The questionnaire included items derived from the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12 (SF-12), a scale assessing concerns about urinary incontinence (UI), and a measure of fear of falling, the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES). Scores were estimated using items asking the proxy perspective (6 items from the SF-12, 10 items from a UI scale, and all 10 FES items). Proxy and patient scores were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, one-way model). Variables associated with absolute agreement between patients and proxies were explored.

Results
Patients had a mean age of 81 years (range 75–93) and 67% were female while proxies had a mean age of 70 (range 42–87) and 49% were female. ICCs were 0.63 for the SF-12, 0.52 for the UI scale, and 0.29 for the FES. Proxies tended to understate patients' general health and incontinence concern, but overstate patients' concern about falling. Proxies who lived with patients and those who more often see patients more closely reflected patient FES scores compared to those who lived apart or those who saw patients less often. Internal consistency reliability of proxy responses was 0.62 for the SF-12, 0.86 for the I-QOL, and 0.93 for the FES. In addition, construct validity of the proxy FES scale was supported by greater proxy-perceived fear of falling for patients who received medical care after a fall during the past 12 months (p < .05).

Conclusion
Caution should be exercised when using proxies as a source of information about older patients' health perceptions. Questions asking about proxies' views yield suboptimal agreement with patient responses. However, proxy scales of UI and fall concern are internally consistent and may provide valid independent information.
Characterization of two candidate genes, NCoA3 and IRF8, potentially involved in the control of HIV-1 latency
Authors: Munier Sandie , Delcroix-Genête Delphine , Carthagéna Laëtitia , Gumez Audrey , Hazan Uriel 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe persistence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs is the principal barrier preventing the eradication of HIV-1 infection in patients by current antiretroviral therapy. It is thus crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment, maintenance and reactivation of HIV-1 latency. Since chromatin remodeling has been implicated in the transcriptional reactivation of the HIV-1 promoter, we assessed the role of the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) on two HIV-1 latently infected cell lines (U1 and ACH-2) gene expression.ResultsAnalysis of microarrays data led us to select two candidate genes:NCoA3(Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3), a nuclear receptor coactivator andIRF8(Interferon Regulatory Factor 8), an interferon regulatory factor.NCoA3gene expression is upregulated following NaB treatment of latently infected cells whereasIRF8gene expression is strongly downregulated in the promonocytic cell line following NaB treatment. Their differential expressions were confirmed at the transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover,NCoA3gene expression was also upregulated after treatment of U1 and ACH-2 cells with phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA) but not trichostatin A (TSA) and after treatment with NaB of two others HIV-1 latently infected cell lines (OM10.1 and J1.1).IRF8gene is only expressed in U1 cells and was also downregulated after treatment with PMA or TSA. Functional analyses confirmed that NCoA3 synergizes with Tat to enhance HIV-1 promoter transcription and that IRF8 represses the IRF1-mediated activation through the HIV-1 promoter Interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE).ConclusionThese results led us to postulate that NCoA3 could be involved in the transcriptional reactivation of the HIV-1 promoter from latency and that IRF8 may contribute to the maintenance of the latent state in the promonocytic cell line. Implication of these factors in the maintenance or reactivation of the viral latency may provide potential new targets to control HIV-1 replication in latent viral reservoirs.
Antagonistic Functions of Tetradecanoyl Phorbol Acetate-Inducible-Sequence 11b and HuR in the Hormonal Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Stability by Adrenocorticotropin
Authors: Cherradi Nadia , Lejczak Cyrille , Desroches-Castan Agnes , Feige Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2005

AbstractExpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial cell-specific mitogen and a potent angiogenic factor, is up-regulated by a variety of factors including hypoxia, growth factors, and hormones. In the adrenal cortex, regulation of VEGF expression by the pituitary hormone ACTH ensures the maintenance of the organ vasculature. We have previously shown that ACTH evokes a rapid and transient increase in VEGF mRNA levels in primary adrenocortical cells through transcription-independent mechanisms. We further demonstrated that the zinc finger RNA-binding protein Tis11b (tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible-sequence 11b) destabilizes VEGF mRNA through its 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) and that Tis11b is involved in the decay phase of ACTH-induced VEGF mRNA expression. In the present study, we attempted to determine the mechanisms underlying ACTH-elicited increase in VEGF mRNA levels in adrenocortical cells. We show that ACTH triggers an increase in the levels of the mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR in the cytoplasm and a concomitant decrease in the levels of HuR in the nucleus. This process is accompanied by an increased association of HuR with the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein pp32, indicating that ACTH induces HuR translocation from the nuclear to the cytoplasmic compartment. Leptomycin B, a specific inhibitor of CRM1-dependent nuclear export of pp32, significantly reduced ACTH-induced VEGF mRNA levels. Furthermore, RNA interference-mediated depletion of HuR in adrenocortical cells abrogated ACTH-induced VEGF mRNA expression. Finally, we show that Tis11b and HuR exert antagonistic effects on VEGF 3′-UTR in vitro. Although both proteins could bind simultaneously on VEGF 3′-UTR, Tis11b markedly decreases HuR-binding to this RNA sequence. Altogether, these results suggest that the RNA-stabilizing protein HuR is instrumental to ACTH-induced expression of VEGF mRNA and that the nuclear export of HuR is a rate-limiting step in this process. HuR appears to transiently stabilize VEGF transcripts after ACTH stimulation of adrenocortical cells, and Tis11b appears to subsequently trigger their degradation.
Preparation of Poly(9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl) Consisting of a Chiral C2-Symmetrical Monomeric Unit and Optical Properties of the Polymer
Authors: Iijima Takayuki , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Poly(9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl) consisting of chiral 9,10-dihydro-9,10-bis(tributylsilyloxy)phenanthrene-2,7-diyl units has been prepared. Film of the polymer showed a very large circular dichroism with a peak value of −6 deg/μm at 411 nm.
Deprotonation of Aryl Methanedithioate by Lithium Amides: Formation of Lithium Arylthio(thioxo)methanide Having Unique Reactivity
Authors: Mogi Kaori , Takenaka Keiko , Okazaki Renji 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Deprotonation of aryl methanedithioate 5 bearing a bowl-type bulky subsituent with lithium tetramethylpiperidide at low temperature gave organolithium species 9 which was in equilibrium with a dimeric species 10; 9 extruded C=S at higher temperatures, thus representing a new, convenient source of C=S.
Stereoselective Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Reactions between Various Chiral Alkyl Aryl Carbinols and Triethyl Methanetricarboxylate by Oxidation–Reduction Condensation Using Alkyl Diphenylphosphinites
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Nagata Yuzo , Ikegai Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Oxidation–reduction condensation reactions between alkyl diphenylphosphinites derived from chiral alkyl aryl carbinols and triethyl methanetricarboxylate proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding condensation products in good yields with inversion of stereochemistries.
Electrochemical Lithium Ion Doping and Undoping Behavior of Carbyne-like Carbon Film Electrode
Authors: Shiraishi Soshi , Kobayashi Teruhiko , Oya Asao 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Carbyne is one of the allotropes of sp-carbon with a one-dimensional chain, but its physicochemical properties have not yet been clarified. We produced a carbyne-like carbon (carbon containing sp bond) electrode by electrochemical reduction in an organic electrolyte (1.0 mol dm−3 LiClO4/propylene carbonate) using a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film electrode coated with a thin gold layer. The Li+ ion can be doped/undoped in the carbyne-like carbon film by electrochemical reduction/oxidation. The stoichiometry of the electrochemically reduced PTFE is estimated to be CLi0.48·2LiF which corresponds to a lithium ion battery negative electrode with ≈1100 mAh g−1 (of carbon) capacity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe–Ni/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhu Guo-Xing , Sun Hui-Qun , Wei Xian-Wen , Zhou Ju-Hong , Tang Ye-Cang , Zhang Dong-Qin 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Spherical Fe–Ni/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites with diameters of 80 and 150 nm prepared on a mild condition using hydrazine as reducing agent are typical soft magnets. We anticipate that this method will lead to extensive study of the chemistry and physics of alloys/polymer spheres, which might find important applications in catalysis and magnetic storage devices.
Development of a Biosensor for the Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Using Faradic Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Chai Ya-Qin , Yuan Ruo , Wang Na , Li Xue-Lian 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
A direct and simple method has been proposed to immobilize carcinoembryonic antibody (anti-CEA) on the surface of nanogold-modified glassy carbon electrode. Colloidal Au was electrodeposited onto the surface of pretreated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as immobilization matrix to amplify response signal, then anti-CEA was absorbed on nanogold by amino group and physical absorption. The impedance change occurred on the sensor surface due to the specific immuno-interaction was utilized to determine carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Tests revealed significant change in the electron-transfer resistance (Ret) to various concentration of CEA in Fe(CN)63−/4− probe solution. The assay also demonstrates that the immunoelectrode exhibits a high level of sensitivity and satisfied response range.
Modular Approach toward Supramolecular Functional Assemblies: Remote Control of Fluorescence
Authors: Otsuki Joe , Kato Yayoi , Sasahara Tachiki , Iwasaki Kosyo , Yasuda Akane 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
A supramolecular Zn-porphyrin–free-base porphyrin dyad, in which efficient energy transfer occurs, was constructed. The energy-transfer process can be switched on and off by replacing an axial ligand on the Zn-porphyrin, making it possible to remotely control fluorescence from the free-base porphyrin. An implication to logic gates is discussed.
Facile Fabrication of Molecularly Imprinted Cavities in Spin-coated TiO2 Nanofilms
Authors: Yang Do-Hyeon , Lee Seung-Woo , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Molecularly imprinted TiO2 nanofilms were prepared by spin coating, and the influence of template/matrix precursor ratio was examined. The imprinted films including 10 to 40 times matrix precursor, Ti(O-nBu)4, provided efficient and selective binding as compared to those of low matrix precursor ratios. The highest binding and selectivity were observed by a TiO2 film imprinted with 5 mM AzoCO2H and 100 mM Ti(O-nBu)4, with template selectivities of 1.6 and 2.1 against 2-AnCO2H- and 9-AnCO2H-imprinted films, respectively.
Mobilities of Charge Carriers in Dendrite and Linear Oligogermanes by Flash Photolysis Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity Technique
Authors: Seki Shu , Acharya Anjali , Koizumi Yoshiko , Saeki Akinori , Tagawa Seiichi , Mochida Kunio 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
The photoconductive properties of a series of oligogermanes with dendrite or linear skeleton have been studied by flash photolysis time-resolved conductivity (FP-TRMC) technique. The values of mobility (Σμ) and photocarrier generation yield (φ) have been discussed as a function of C60 concentration. The φΣμ values in the order of 10−4 to 10−3 cm2/Vs were observed for the oligogermanes upon exposure to 532, 355, and 193 nm light. The intrinsic value of mobility in the derivatives was also estimated without contribution from the additives, suggesting the presence of a highly conducting path along the Ge backbones of not only linear oligogermanes but also hyper-branched germanium dendrites.
A New Anti-diabetic Zn(II)–Hinokitiol (β-Thujaplicin) Complex with Zn(O4) Coordination Mode
Authors: Yamane Mizuki , Adachi Yusuke , Yoshikawa Yutaka , Sakurai Hiromu 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Insulin-mimetic and anti-diabetic activities of bis(hinokitiolato)Zn(II) complex, Zn(hkt)2, with Zn(O4) coordination mode were evaluated. This complex was found to have the highest insulinomimetic activity among the Zn(II) complexes reported previously. In addition, the complex improved hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance.