bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio psychology: A comparison of listeners and non‐listeners
Authors: Raviv Amiram 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe major objective of this study was the application of help‐seeking models to the study of radio psychology. A total of 443 subjects was divided into two research groups, non‐listeners (n = 246) and listeners (n = 197) to at least one of two Israeli radio counselling programmes dealing with parent‐child and interpersonal relationships. Through telephone interviews the subjects' responses to the instruments designed specifically for this type of study were reported: listening motivations, attitudes towards psychological help and reasons for non‐listening. The results revealed that while listeners do not necessarily perceive themselves as help‐seekers they, as well as the non‐listeners, attributed listening to the motivations of curiosity, comparison with others and attaining psychological knowledge. The results suggested that listening to radio psychology programmes is a means of facilitating the earlier stages of the help‐seeking process.
Participating in social enquiry and action
Authors: Bostock Janet , Beck David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the collaborative endeavours of residents and a wide range of professional workers in a particular area of Nottingham, with reference to a community psychology approach to addressing sources of psychological distress. The activities include a survey of people's views about living in the area and the factors they identify as affecting their health; and initiatives in community participation and action. One hundred and twenty three people were interviewed by members of the Sneinton and Bakersfield Community Forum. Harmful influences upon health and causes of stress were revealed as litter, dog dirt, air and traffic pollution, feeling unsafe to go out at night and lifestyle‐related issues such as smoking and diet. Public meetings, the local press and short written reports were used to publicize these results and encourage further involvement. Many local residents and professionals are now active in a network of groups which address social and environmental concerns.
Integrating sociological and psychological perspectives on informal care
Authors: Orbell Sheina , Hopkins Nicholas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this response to Ungerson we present evidence to support the respresentativeness of the sample and argue that the exclusion of ‘minimal’ carers from caregiving research is not justified. Ungerson's arguments for the consideration of large scale social processes are addressed by examining the role of gender as a determinant or moderator of care outcomes. No support was found for a model in which care work satisfaction mediated associations between gender and willingness to care. Nor did gender moderate associations between care work and appraised impact. Gender was found to moderate associations between two of the seven measures of care work and willingness to care. These findings suggest that the impact of care work on carers is not gender specific, but that women experiencing similar levels of negative impact as men may feel greater obligation to continue caring.
Work characteristics and well‐being among psychiatric health‐care staff
Authors: Parkes Katharine R. , Von Rabenau Caroline 
Published: June 2007

AbstractResearch into stress among health care professionals has tended to neglect staff employed in psychiatric settings. This article reports a study of psychiatric health care workers which focuses on objective work factors (job type, and community versus hospital setting) and the subjective work environment (perceived demand, discretion, and supervisor and co‐worker support) as predictors of two affective outcomes (somatic symptoms and job satisfaction). Data were collected by questionnaire (n = 145) and analysed within the framework of the demand–discretion model of job stress. Objective job characteristics were significantly related to the perceived environment measures. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the extent to which each outcome was predicted by age, gender and negative affectivity (NA), by job type and work setting, and by the work environment measures. For somatic symptoms, the major predictors were NA, job type (higher occupational levels being associated with lower symptom scores), and perceived demand. In contrast, satisfaction was predicted by discretion, by both measures of support, and by the demand–discretion interaction; markedly low satisfaction was associated with high demand, low discretion conditions. Over and above these effects, NA, job type and hospital versus community work setting were significant predictors of outcome. These results are discussed in relation to the literature on stress in psychiatric health‐care, and job stress more generally.
Relationship, task and system stressors in the health care workplace
Authors: Schaefer Jeanne A. , Moos Rudolf H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the development of the Work Stressors Inventory (WSI), which assesses six types of work stressors within three major domains: relationship, task and system stressors. The WSI was developed on data from 435 staff in 14 long‐term care facilities. Compared with nursing assistants, registered nurses and licensed vocational nurses experienced more work stressors, especially task and system stressors. More experienced staff reported more work stressors than inexperienced staff. Work environments with more work pressure and with less job involvement, supervisor support, clarity and control were associated with more work stressors. As expected, staff who experienced more work stressors reported less job satisfaction and had less intention to stay in their job. In contrast, more patient care task stressors were associated with better job performance. Some research and practical applications of the WSI are presented, including the use of profiles that depict the salient stressors in a specific health care workplace.
Individual, group and agency strategies for coping with job stressors in residential child care programmes
Authors: Shinn Marybeth , Mørch Hanne , Robinson Paul E. , Neuner Roy A 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article describes job stressors experienced by workers in residential child care programmes, and coping strategies undertaken by individual workers, their co‐workers and their organizations. It also examines the associations of stressors and problem‐focused and emotion‐focused coping strategies at each level with four measures of job attitudes and distress. Stressful job circumstances and coping responses were coded from transcripts of in‐depth, open‐ended interviews with 82 male and female child care workers employed by 14 residential child care agencies. Job attitudes and distress, assessed with standard Likert‐style scales, served as dependent measures in regression analyses. Stressors unique to human service work, although frequently mentioned, were generally less potent predictors of distress than were stressors that are common to other professions, such as lack of agency support. Coping efforts by co‐workers and by agencies made substantial contributions to individual well‐being, above and beyond the rather weak effects of individual coping efforts. It appears useful to extend theories of individual coping to group and organizational strategies, especially in job situations, where many stressors are beyond individual control.
Session impact and outcome in stress management training
Authors: Reynolds Shirley , Taylor Emma , Shapiro David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe evaluation of stress management training (SMT) programmes suggest that benefits to participants may be due to non‐specific factors and not to the technical components of SMT. The current study employed a method of psychotherapy process research to assess the extent to which task, i.e. technique driven, impacts and non‐specific impacts are related to outcome. Sixty‐two female health service workers participated in six standardized sessions of SMT, each of which contained specific techniques. After training participants reported significantly lower levels of psychological distress but no changes in job or non‐job satisfaction. Specific task impacts, such as insight and problem definition, and non‐specific impacts, support, relief and involvement were significantly related to non‐job satisfaction one month after training. In addition, the slope of interpersonal impacts (support and relief) was associated with less psychological distress at one‐ and three‐month follow‐up. Process research methods appear to be a promising way of maximizing the benefits attributed to SMT and developing more effective interventions.
Distributive justice in marriage: Equality or equity?
Authors: Burgoyne Carole B. , Lewis Alan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractExperimental studies of distributive justice suggest that men prefer an equity rule for allocating rewards, whereas women prefer equality. These differences are likely to carry implications for distributive justice in the context of marriage. There is a popular view in Western societies that marriage should be regarded as a partnership of equals, and this is also an implicit assumption in microeconomic accounts of the family. However, inequality between spouses is still commonplace, with the husband more likely to have overall financial control and greater access to money for personal spending (PSM). This paper investigates the issue of sharing in marriage, with particular reference to PSM, using data from an in‐depth interview study supplemented by some follow‐up questionnaires. The participants were 13 women and nine of their partners, mainly ‘middle class’ and aged between 30 and 50. After classifying each couple's system of financial management, the paper focuses upon eight couples with a philosophy of sharing. The findings show that, despite attempts to equalize outcomes for both partners, a sense of ‘ownership’ associated with having earned the money seemed to render it more salient than other, non‐financial contributions to the marriage. As a result, patterns of control and personal spending appeared to be based upon equity rather than equality.
Unemployment and self‐conception: A symbolic interactionist analysis
Authors: Sheeran Paschal , Abraham Charles 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA symbolic interactionist analysis of the relationship between unemployment and self‐conception was tested using a cross‐sectional questionnaire design (n = 88). Job loss had significant negative associations with reflected appraisals (perceived evaluations) from friends, family, employers, unemployed people and people in general. Significant relationships between reflected appraisals and the evaluative, consistency and involvement dimensions of self‐concept were also observed. Consistent with symbolic interactionist theory, path analysis showed that reflected appraisals mediated the relationship between employment status and self‐conception. Unemployment duration and gender both moderated the effects of reflected appraisal upon self‐conception such that reflected appraisals were associated with different self‐concept dimensions for unemployed men versus unemployed women and ‘shorter’ versus ‘longer‐term’ unemployed people. Results are discussed in the context of recent developments in the social psychology of the self‐concept. Suggestions for future research are outlined.
The differential impact on carers dealing with clients with challenging behaviours
Authors: Freeman Marnie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study addresses the effects of organizational culture on the ways in which carers in small community homes cope with clients with challenging behaviours. Results indicated that carers socialized in a traditional setting (i.e. large institutions) responded to challenging behaviours by becoming more negative in their attitudes towards clients. Strain levels in carers socialized in the Social Services were related directly to client challenging behaviours, and unrelated to their attitudes which remained positive.
School pupils' perceptions of the police that visit schools: Not all police are ‘pigs’
Authors: Hopkins Nick 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents data concerning young people's perceptions of the police taking part in a police—schools liaison programme. Eighty‐one 14‐year‐old school pupils took part in 28 semi‐structured group discussions concerning their perceptions of the ‘typicality’ of police officers working in their schools. Pupils clearly differentiated between these and those ‘on the street’. Central to this differentiation was the issue of police power; the perceived atypicality of the police in schools was intimately bound up with pupils' perceptions of the qualitatively different social relations that obtain between young people and the police ‘in the school’ and ‘on the street’. The implications of these data for the literatures concerning the ‘contact hypothesis’ and police—schools liaison are discussed.
Child protection investigations: Discourse analysis and the management of incommensurability
Authors: Lee Nick 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper asks whether discourse analytic approaches in social psychology have yet produced methodologies adequate to the investigation of institutional ‘gaze’. Institutional language has been explored to the extent that state agencies construct members of the public by speaking about them in particular ways. This has often provided insight into the co‐existence and competition of incommensurable discourses. However, studies of representation in the sense of speaking for have been notably absent from social psychology. It is argued that this aspect of discourse is a vital component in the study of contemporary governmental multi‐agency strategy in the area of child protection, where recent legislation and policy aims at the coordination of incommensurable discourses. A methodology for studying this strategy is outlined through an account of the actor network approach in science studies, accounts of the State under the post‐modern condition, and analyses of sections of interviews with social workers.
Coping in context. Strategic and tactical coping in carers of stroke survivors and carers of older confused people
Authors: Matson Neil 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper seeks to describe and examine the concept of coping in the context of two chronic and debilitating conditions commonly occurring among older age groups, namely strokes and the two main dementias of Alzheimer's Disease and Multi‐infarct Dementia. Using behaviour problems as the focus, carers described the various ways in which they tried to cope. The results suggested that coping could be considered in two main ways. First, there were general orientations or philosophies of coping with caring, not necessarily related to particular behaviour problems—these were described as ‘strategies’ of coping (Active‐involved, Non‐confronting, and Value coping). Second, there were coping responses directed at specific behaviour problems—described as ‘tactical’ coping and considered in the paper at a descriptive level but also in terms of a possible typology. Some implications of this work for clinical interventions are considered and it is suggested that there may be a need to obtain more descriptive data on coping, and relate this to specific outcome indices, before advocating specific coping interventions.
Exploring the sexual world of the unemployed adolescent
Authors: Buzwell Simone , Rosenthal Doreen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUnemployed adolescents may be at substantial risk of the negative consequences of sexuality. This study investigated the sexual perceptions and practices of 125 unemployed adolescents. Gender, but not age, differences were found in sexual perceptions and practices. Overall, this sample was engaging in high levels of sexual activity with a low rate of condom use.
Negative affectivity and consumption of alcohol: A general population study
Authors: Watten Reidulf G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present paper investigates a possible association between components of negative affectivity and alcohol habits in an ethnically and linguistically homogenous nationwide sample of non‐institutionalized adults (N = 8096). Negative affectivity was assessed employing the Hopkins Symptom Check List [HCSL; Derogatis et al. (1974) Behavioural Science, 19, 1–15]. A weak, positive, bivariate correlation between manifest anxiety and use of alcohol was found. Phobic anxiety, depression and somatizing were negatively correlated with alcohol habits. Sociodemographic variables such as age, level of education and family income were more strongly associated with use of alcohol than self‐reported negative affect. Controlled for the sociodemographic variables in logistic regression analyses, manifest anxiety and somatizing were still significantly related to alcohol habits.
Computer games, self‐esteem and gratification of needs in adolescents
Authors: Colwell John , Grady Clare , Rhaiti Sarah 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPlaying computer games has become an increasingly popular leisure time activity amongst adolescents, but concerns have been expressed over possible associated consequences. One research area has investigated reasons for playing, and two prior explanations relate it to the functional concepts of ‘electronic friendship’ and ‘self‐esteem’. A questionnaire study was conducted among 120 adolescents to obtain information on a number of measures including gratification of needs and self‐esteem. Results showed that playing computer games is equally popular with males and females, but males spend more time on it. Positive correlations between playing and items on the needs scales were obtained. In particular males who were heavy players scored highly on the ‘preference to friends’ need, but interestingly they were also likely to see their friends more often outside school, thus providing no support for the theory that computer games are taking the place of normal social interaction. For females there was evidence of a negative relationship between self‐esteem and need gratification through playing computer games. However more adolescents spend much more time watching television than playing computer games. These results are discussed in the context of previous research.
Job‐role quality and women's psychological well‐being: Locus of control and social support as moderators
Authors: Noor Noraini M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDespite the recognition that the stress‐buffering effect of social support may in part be due to its relation to locus of control, no study on women's roles to date has considered both locus of control and social support in the prediction of psychological functioning. The present study was intended to test the three‐way interaction between job‐role quality, locus of control and support in relation to two measures of women's psychological well‐being (happiness and symptoms of distress). This study was based on cross‐sectional data.In the English sample of 109 employed women, the results provided evidence of the threee‐way interaction between job challenge, locus of control and work support in predicting happiness. Neither locus of control nor work support independently moderated the effects of job challenge. However, locus of control and work support combined interactively to moderate the impact of job challenge on happiness. As predicted, support interacted with job challenge only for internals; no such interaction effect was observed for externals. For distress, no significant interaction was found.
Synthesen in der heterocyclischen Reihe, II. Synthesen von 4.5‐disubstituierten Pyrimidinen und ihre Um‐setzungen zu Purinen, Oxazolo‐ und Pyrazolo‐pyrimidinen
Authors: Bredereck Hellmut , Effenberger Franz , Schweizer Ernst H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAus 4‐Chlor‐5‐carbäthoxy‐pyrimidin erhält man mit Aminen, Alkoholaten und Mercaptiden Substituentenaustausch am C‐4. 8‐Hydroxy‐purin läßt sich aus 4‐Amino‐pyrimidin‐carbonsäure‐(5)‐amid bzw. ‐hydrazid einstufig durch Hofmann'schen bzw. Curtius'schen Abbau darstellen. Analog erhält man aus 4‐Hydroxy‐pyrimidin‐carbonsäure‐(5)‐hydrazid das 2‐Hydroxy‐oxazolo [5.4‐d]pyrimidin. Zu 3‐Hydroxy‐pyrazolo[3.4‐d] pyrimidinen kommt man durch Ringschlußreaktionen von 4‐Chlor‐5‐carbäthoxy‐pyrimidin mit Hydrazinen.
Über die Herstellung von m‐und p‐N.N′Dimethyl‐xylylendiamin
Authors: Sander Manfred , Burmeister Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurch Ausführen von Lithiumalanat‐Reduktionen in einer Soxhletschen Extraktionsapparatur gelang es, die in Äthern sehr schwer löslichen m‐ und p‐Xylylendi‐formamide sowie Isophthalsäure‐bis‐methylamid zu den entsprechenden symm. N.N′‐Dimethyl‐xylylen‐diaminen, die auf anderem Wege nicht hergestellt werden konnten, zu reduzieren.
Zur Chemie der p‐Chinole, IV. Neue Östranabkömmlinge mit verschiedenen Substituenten in 3‐Stellung
Authors: Hecker Erich 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReaktionen von 3‐Amino‐Δ1.3.5(10)‐östratrienol‐(17β)‐acetat nach Sandmeyer‐GATTERMANN‐LEUCKART werden beschrieben. Man erhält neue östranabkömmlinge, die sich formal vom östradiol‐(17β) durch Ersatz der phenolischen Hydroxylgruppe ableiten.
Glyoxalderivate von Monosacchariden
Authors: Micheel Fritz , Burmeister Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractKondensationsprodukte des Glyoxals mit je 2 Moll. α‐Methyl‐D‐galaktosid〈1.5〉 und α‐Methyl‐D‐mannosid〈1.5〉 werden beschrieben. Die Glyoxalreste bildern eine Brücke zwischen zwei Monosaccharidresten.
Synthese und Struktur der 6‐[N‐Benzoyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminido]‐D‐glucose
Authors: Micheel Fritz , Drescher Erwin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie nach der Oxazolinmethode synthetisierte 6‐[n‐Benzoyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminido]‐D‐glucose, für deren Darstellung ein verbessertes Verfahren angegeben wird, und ihr α‐Methylglykosid werden in die α‐und β‐Heptamethyläther überführt. Aus der Struktur der durch Hydrolyse der Methyläther erhaltenen isolierten 2.3.4‐Trimethyl‐D‐Glucose und dem N‐Benzoyl‐3.4.6‐trimethyl‐D‐glucosamin ergibt sich die Struktur des Disaccharides in übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen de Synthese.
Peptidsynthesen in Eisessig, II. Synthesen mit Phthalylderivaten
Authors: Weygand Friedrich , Kaelicke Joachim 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAminosäuren lassen sich durch Erhitzen mit Phthalsäure‐diphenylester in Gegenwart von 1 Mol. Triäthylamin in befriedigenden Ausbeuten unter Erhaltung der opt. Aktivität phthalylieren. Die bei Z‐Aminosäure‐thiophenylestern ausgearbeitete Kondensation mit Aminosäuren in siedendem Eisessig wurde auf die Phth‐Verbindungen angewandt und ergab in den untersuchten Fällen racemisierungsfreie Phth‐Peptide. Die Eisessig‐Methode liefert bei Synthesen mit sterisch gehinderten Aminosäuren (Valin, Leucin) Phth‐Peptide in nur mäßigen Ausbeuten.
Über Verbindungen mit Urotropin‐Struktur, XXII. Zur Kenntnis des Adamantyl‐(1)‐acetylens
Authors: Stetter Hermann , Goebel Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Herstellung des Adamantyl‐(1)‐acetylens, ausgehend von 1‐Brom‐adamantan und Vinylbromid über die Stufe des 1.1‐Dibrom‐2‐[adamantyl‐(1)]‐äthans, wird beschrieben. Aus dieser Verbindung wurden eine Reihe charakteristischer Derivate hergestellt.
Über die Darstellung einiger Polychlor‐naphthaline
Authors: Reimlinger Hans , King Geoffrey 
Published: June 2007

Abstract2.3.6.7‐Tetrafchlor‐naphthalin ließ sich durch Decarboxylierung der 2.3.6.7‐Tetrachlor‐naphthalintetracarbonsäure darstellen. Im Verlauf von deren Synthese aus Pyren wurde das Tetradecachlor‐1.2.6.7‐tetrahydro‐pyren isoliert. Aus dem 1.5‐Diamino‐4.8‐dichlor‐naphthalin entstand bei de Sandmeyer‐Reaktion das 1.4.5.8‐Tetrachlor‐naphthalin, dessen Struktur die analoge Darstellung des bekannten 1.5‐Dichlor‐4.8‐dibrom‐naphthalins beweist. Bei der Chlorierung des 1.5‐Bis‐tosylamino‐naphthalins in Trichlorbenzol wurde das 2.4.6.8‐Tetrachlor Derivat erhalten, welches sich nach Abspaltung der Tosylgruppen über die Tetrazoniumsalze in 1.3.5.7‐Tetrachlor‐, 1.3.4.5.7.8‐Hexachlor‐ und 1.3.5.7‐Tetrachlor‐4.8‐dihydroxy‐naphthalin überführen ließ.