bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil degradation and soil surface process intensities on abandoned fields in Mediterranean mountain environments
Authors: Seeger M. , Ries J. B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Pyrenean and Pre‐Pyrenean mountain areas have been intensively used at least since roman times, but nowadays depopulation has lead to widespread land abandonment without a steering land‐management. Vegetation recovery is weak in most abandoned fields. Soil formation and characteristics are conditioned by this fact, and for this, soils show past degradation processes and are mostly predominant factors for continuing land degradation or restoration. Three study areas were set up along a climatic gradient with increasing summer water deficit in the sub‐humid zone between the Central Pyrenees and Pre‐Pyrenees. Soil survey combined with experiments for the determination of infiltration, runoff and erosion were applied for understanding the degradation history and the future development of the soils. All areas are dominated by Entisols, but also Inceptisols and Alfisols are found, and even soils with hydromorphic features. The soils show signs of heavy erosion. The parental material determines the nutrient supply and the general chemical properties. All sites show a weak water storing capacity, as a result of the removal of fine material by erosion and due to the depletion of soil organic matter. In addition, infiltration capacity and runoff generation are high within the studied areas, averaging between 27 and 37 per cent. The driest area studied shows an ongoing trend to degradation, with high erosion rates combined with a high degradations status of the soil. The other areas are characterised by a patchy pattern of soil degradation and regradation processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral line‐by‐line shaping for optical and microwave arbitrary waveform generations
Authors: Huang Chen‐Bin , Jiang Zhi , Leaird DanielE. , Caraquitena José , Weiner AndrewM. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSpectral line‐by‐line shaping is a key enabler towards optical arbitrary waveform generation, which promises broad impact both in optical science and technology. In this paper, generation of optical and microwave arbitrary waveforms using the spectral line‐by‐line shaping technique is reviewed. Compared to conventional pulse shaping, significant new physics arises in the line‐by‐line regime, where the shaped pulse fields generated from one laser pulse now overlap with those generated from adjacent pulses. This leads to coherent interference effects related to the properties of optical frequency combs which serve as the source in these experiments. We explore such effects in a series of experiments using several different high‐repetition‐rate optical combs, including harmonically mode‐locked lasers and continuous‐wave lasers that are externally phase modulated either with or without the help of an optical cavity. As an application of line‐by‐line pulse shaping, we describe generation of microwave electrical arbitrary waveforms that can be reprogrammed at rates approaching 10 GHz.
in vitro Biological Evaluation of Folate‐Functionalized Block Copolymer Micelles for Selective Anti‐Cancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Licciardi Mariano , Craparo Emanuela F. , Giammona Gaetano , Armes Steven P. , Tang Yiqing , Lewis Andrew L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of folic acid‐functionalized diblock copolymer micelles to improve the delivery and uptake of two poorly water‐soluble anti‐tumor drugs, tamoxifen and paclitaxel, to cancer cells through folate receptor targeting. The diblock copolymer used in this study comprised a hydrophilic poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] (MPC) block, carrying at the chain end the folate targeting moiety, and a pH‐sensitive hydrophobic poly[2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (DPA) block (FA–MPC–DPA). The drug‐loading capacities of tamoxifen‐ and paclitaxel‐loaded micelles were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the micelle dimensions were determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Cell viability studies were carried out on human chronic myelogenous leukaemia (K‐562) and colon carcinoma cell lines (Caco‐2) in order to demonstrate that drug‐loaded FA–MPC–DPA micelles exhibited higher cytotoxicities toward cancer cells than unfunctionalized MPC‐DPA micelles. Uptake studies confirmed that folate‐conjugated micelles led to increased drug uptake within cancer cells, demonstrating the expected selectivity toward these tumor cells.magnified image
Size Effect of Al2O3 Nanowires on the Molecular Relaxation in Epoxy Composites
Authors: Wan Wei‐Tao , Yu De‐Mei , Huang Long‐Biao , Xie Yun‐Chuan , Guo Xiu‐Sheng , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe size effect of Al2O3 nanowires on the molecular relaxation of an epoxy system was investigated by means of DSC and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Tg and activation energy of dielectric relaxation decreased with the incorporation of the nanowires. To explain the observed results, a coarse‐grained confined‐region structure model is proposed, and on the basis of this model, the change in molecular motion arising from the nanowires could be understood. The variations of thermal stability and water absorption for the nanocomposites were also discussed. These original experimental results should be helpful in scientific research and nanocomposite applications.magnified image
Novel Cationic RAFT‐Mediated Polystyrene/Clay Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Stability
Authors: Samakande Austin , Juodaityte J. J. , Sanderson Ronald D. , Hartmann Patrice C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo novel cationic RAFT agents, PCDBAB and DCTBAB, were anchored onto MMT clay to yield RAFT‐MMT clays. The RAFT‐MMT clays were then dispersed in styrene where thermal self‐initiation polymerization of styrene to give rise to exfoliated PS/clay nanocomposites occurred. The RAFT agents anchored onto the clay layers successfully controlled the polymerization process resulting in controlled molecular masses and narrow polydispersity indices. The nanocomposites prepared showed enhanced thermal stability, which was a function of the clay loading, clay morphology, and slightly on molecular mass.magnified image
Direct Generation of Polymer Films on Copper Surfaces through Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions between Peptidomimetic Oligomers
Authors: Shah Neel H. , Kirshenbaum Kent 
Published: April 2008

AbstractN‐substituted glycine oligomers, or peptoids, can be used in conjunction with the copper‐catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azides and alkynes to generate branched polymer networks. By incorporating both azides and alkynes as side chain functionalities on the oligomer scaffolds, peptoids are able to form cross‐linked macromolecular products. The oligomer starting materials are readily associated onto copper metal sheets, allowing for localized cross‐link proliferation which in turn generates thin film polymer coatings. This novel procedure provides a direct method for the chemical modification of metal surfaces and the formation of mechanically robust sequence‐specific polymer networks.magnified image
A compact combline bandpass filter designed in LTCC
Authors: Yang Tao , Xu Ruimin , Xiao Lan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA compact combline bandpass filter structure using low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology is proposed. The lumped capacitance in traditional combline filter structure is changed to distributed capacitance realized by parallel coupled strip‐lines in LTCC layers. A bandpass filter with this structure is designed, fabricated, and tested in this article. The theoretical and experimental results are presented. The two results match each other well. The results show a relative band width of 5% with the center frequency at 9.6 GHz and a very high suppression out of band. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1897–1900, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23475
5.8 GHz orientation‐specific extruded‐fin heatsink antennas for 3D RF system integration
Authors: Covert Lance , Lin Jenshan , Janning Dan , Dalrymple Thomas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn high‐power RF transmitter applications, the heatsink can be used as an antenna for improved antenna performance and increased integration. Extruded‐fin heatsink antennas designed at 5.8 GHz are orientation‐specific when the heatsink base replaces the patch of a patch antenna. In this case, the orientation of the fins with respect to the patch edges plays a significant role in the antenna performance and must be considered. The results show that the heatsink antenna using a lossy, low‐cost FR4 substrate increases the bandwidth from 3.1 to 17.6% and radiation efficiency from 62 to 87% compared with the patch antenna on the same substrate. Also, the orientation has a significant effect on the directivity, gain, and radiation pattern. By combining two functions into one structure, the component count in a system is reduced and the antenna performance can be improved. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1826–1831, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23478
Band notched ultra wideband internal antenna for USB dongle application
Authors: Jung Jinwoo , Lee Hyeonjin , Lim Yeongseog 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA novel band notched UWB antenna for USB dongle application is demonstrated experimentally and numerically. By embedding an ellipse cutting in the antenna's radiator, an ultra‐wideband property is achieved. To create a band notched characteristic, stub lines are employed in the antenna. The antenna is printed on the top portion of the ground plane, and can be considered as a circuit board of a practical USB Dongle. The dimensions of the antenna are 12.5 mm × 13.5 mm. The antenna has a notched band of 5.15 to 5.84 GHz while maintaining UWB performance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1789–1793, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23480
Wideband circularly polarized microstrip antenna array using a new single feed network
Authors: Nasimuddin  , Chen Zhi Ning , Esselle K. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new single feed system is presented for broadband and high gain circularly polarized stacked microstrip (CPSM) array applications. It consists of a combination of a microstrip line and a via. The gap between elements and location of the feed are optimized to achieve a good circular polarization (CP) performance with high gain. A 2 × 2 sequentially rotated array was fabricated and tested. The measured 3 dB axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth is 27% (3.5–4.6 GHz) and at boresight gain is 9.0 dBic over the 3 dB AR bandwidth. The measured 10 dB return loss impedance bandwidth is around 51% (3.28–5.54 GHz). The proposed new feeding network system is very useful to design the high gain and wideband CP array in a space‐limited environment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1784–1789, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23481
Embedded wire nodes in time‐domain unstructured 2D TLM
Authors: Wykes J. G. , Sewell P. , Christopoulos C. , Benson T. M. , Thomas D. W. P. , Vukovic A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA novel triangular TLM node containing a subcell sized wire of arbitrary radius is presented. The technique is based upon the mapping between the total field at the cell boundary and exact modal field expansions around the wire. The wire node is incorporated into an unstructured 2D TLM algorithm providing a flexible package for modeling fine‐features in proximity to complex structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1753–1757, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23482
A novel microstrip slow‐wave resonator band‐pass filter for millimeter wave applications
Authors: Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMicrostrip line is characterized by many advantages such as easy fabrication, compact size, lightweight, planar structure, and easy integration with other components on a single circuit board. In this article, a novel microstrip millimeter wave band‐pass filter with slow‐wave resonator is presented. By introducing cross‐coupling capacitance between the input and output ports of the filter, a slow‐wave resonator is suggested to improve both selectivity and stopband rejection. The proposed microstrip filter also has the merits of compact size and high stopband rejection. The experimental results on a fabricated filter agree with the simulated results very well. It might be widely used in plane circuits and advanced circuits such as MMIC and LTCC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1720–1722, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23484
A 0.855 1.342 GHz octa‐phase LC VCO for multimode direct conversion receiver in 0.18‐μm CMOS
Authors: Lee Sangho , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNew fully integrated, multiband octa‐phase LC VCOs are presented. The VCO is composed of four identical differential VCOs and implemented in a 0.18‐μm TSMC CMOS process. Four individual VCOs are connected by a series‐coupling transistor to obtain the octa‐phase signal and low phase noise characteristic. For multiband operation, a band‐tuning circuit is designed. The circuit is composed of a switching capacitor circuit and MOS varactors, and allows the VCO to operate at a frequency range of three standards (CDMA 2000 1x, WCDMA, WiBro) and to be tuned to select a channel in each frequency range. The measured phase noises of the VCO are −105 dBc at 100 kHz, −115 dBc at 1 MHz, and −130 dBc at 10 MHz for CDMA 2000 1x, WCDMA and WiBro, respectively, while the VCO draws 12 mA and consumes 21.6 mW with output buffers at the frequency band from a 1.8 V supply. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1717–1719, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23485
A method of double cross‐coupling lines for HTS filter design
Authors: Liao Sili , Zhang Xiaoping , Guo Xubo , Wei Bin , Cao Bisong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article proposes a method of double cross‐coupling lines to produce the transmission zeros independently in the both close‐to‐band rejections of HTS filter, and that their positions are controllable. An eight‐pole HTS filter is simulated to present the feasibility of this method. According to this method, a four‐pole HTS filter has been designed and fabricated. The experimental results have good agreement with simulation and support this method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1874–1876, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23486
Time‐domain finite‐element modeling of electrically and magnetically dispersive medium via recursive FFT
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Jin Jian‐Ming 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA numerical scheme is described for the modeling of a general electrically and magnetically dispersive medium in the time‐domain finite‐element analysis of electromagnetic problems. This approach employs the recursive fast Fourier transform to evaluate the time convolutions induced by dispersion. Its implementation needs only the values of the susceptibility functions instead of their pole expansions as required by previous approaches based on recursive convolution. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1837–1841, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23488
Investigation of cavitation bubble dynamics by fiber‐coupling optical beam deflection technique
Authors: Xu Rongqing , Zhao Rui , Cui Yiping , Lu Jian , Ni Xiaowu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe bubble dynamics are investigated experimentally by means of a fiber‐optic force sensor based on optical beam deflection (OBD). This sensor is applied to detect the laser‐induced plasma ablation force and liquid‐jet impact during the cavitation bubble collapse. Some remarkable features such as liquid‐jet formation threshold and a variation of liquid‐jet appearance time are pointed out in this work. The experiment results indicate that once laser intensity goes beyond the liquid‐jet formation threshold, a high‐speed wall‐directed liquid‐jet develops and the appearance time of the liquid‐jet increases with laser energy. Combining the OBD detection principles, the pressure and velocity of liquid‐jet are calculated. The results are discussed with respect to the dynamics of cavitation bubble important for corresponding research fields. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1767–1770, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23491
Cryogenic low noise amplifier for VHF band applied in superconducting filter
Authors: Tang Shiming , Zhang Xiaoping , Guo Xubo , Wei Bin , Cao Bisong , Gao Baoxin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA low noise amplifiers (LNA) using common source parallel feedback have been designed and developed with high performance at liquid nitrogen temperature. The measured results show that the frequency band from 150 to 300 MHz in which the noise figure (NF) is within 0.55 dB, the power gain is about 21.6 ± 0.1 dB, the input volt standing wave ratio (VSWRin) < 1.1, output volt standing wave ratio (VSWRout) < 1.3 at 70 K. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1937–1940, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23497
Equilateral triangular microstrip array antenna for broadband operation
Authors: Pushpanjali G. M. , Konda R. B. , Mulgi S. N. , Satnoor S. K. , Hunagund P. V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article presents a novel design of corporate fed four‐element equilateral triangular microstrip array antenna (FETMSA) for multiband operation, which is attractive for emerging wireless communication systems. If FETMSA is fed through aperture, the coupling converts its multiband operation into triband operation. Further by using optimum slots in the radiating elements converts its tribands into dual wide bands, which may find application in synthetic aperture radar. The overall magnitude of impedance bandwidth is found to be 23.74% at X‐band frequencies with broadside radiation characteristics. This impedance bandwidth is 2.61 times more when compared with the impedance bandwidth of FETMSA. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1834–1837, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23503
Design of compact size tapered slot antenna
Authors: Xu Zh. , Liu Q. Zh. , Zhang Ch. F. , Li J. Y. , Yuan Y. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA compact size linearly tapered slot antenna is investigated. The new designed antenna is with wideband and wide beamwidth. Measured results show that the half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) of the compact size antenna achieves 120° at the operation frequency. Over the whole frequency band, the HPBW is wider than 100°. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1761–1763, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23507
A fractal dipole tag antenna for RFID dual‐band application
Authors: Lee Yi‐Chieh , Sun Jwo‐Shiun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNew design of a dipole antenna with rectangular fractal shape radiator element with two operating bands for radio frequency identification (RFID) is presented. By using fractal shape slot and metal meander patch, the proposed antenna has the wide and dual measured return loss bandwidth. Besides, the omnidirectional radiation pattern of the design antenna cover the entire frequency range including ultra high frequency (UHF, 860–960 MHz) band and microwave (2.45 GHz) band has been obtained. Several properties of the proposed antenna for dual‐band operation such as impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern, and measured gain have been investigated numerically and experimentally in detail. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1963–1966, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23512
Trisection cross‐coupled filter with symmetrical response using split‐ring resonator DGS
Authors: Wu Bian , Qin Pei‐Yuan , Li Qi , Liang Chang‐Hong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this article, a novel trisection cross‐coupled filter with symmetrical response by using split‐ring resonator defected ground structure (SRR DGS) is presented. The SRR DGS is loaded at the bottom of a two‐pole microstrip SRR filter, then a compact trisection cross‐coupled filter with a pair of transmission zeros is obtained. A practical filter which has a center frequency of 1.4 GHz and a relative bandwidth of 14% is successfully designed and fabricated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1774–1776, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23529
Estimation of local SAR level using RBFNN in three‐layer cylindrical human model
Authors: Colak Omer H. , Polat Ovunc 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this study, we present a new approach based on radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) for estimation of specific absorption rate (SAR) in 2D cylindrical human model with three layers. The simulation results obtained using RBFNN were compared with the FDTD results. The estimated local SAR values using RBFNN has proved to be an impressive approximation to the FDTD results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1958–1961, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23535
A novel reconfigurable circular polarization patch antenna
Authors: Ouyang Jun , Yang Feng , Yang Shiwen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA novel design of a microstrip patch antenna with switchable branches is proposed to achieve circular polarization diversity. Two branches are incorporated into the patch and two switches are utilized to switch the branches on and off. By turning the switches on or off, this antenna can radiate with either right‐handed circular polarization or left‐handed circular polarization using the same feeding probe. Experimental results validate this concept. This design demonstrates useful features for wireless communication applications and future planetary missions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1921–1923, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23537
Design of a novel pulse generator for UWB applications
Authors: Song Fei , Wu Yi , Liao Huailin , Huang Ru 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article presents a low‐cost ultra‐wideband (UWB) pulse generator that is built using commercially available discrete components mounted on a PTFE substrate. A novel pulse shaping technique is adopted, which uses Schottky barrier diodes to generate a Gaussian‐cosine pulse with desirable time duration and spectrum response. Generated baseband pulses then are up‐converted to a center frequency of 4 or 8 GHz by a passive mixer, and Binary Phase‐Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation scheme is utilized. The final generated pulse with a bandwidth (−10 dB) of more than 1 GHz satisfies the FCC spectrum mask very well without any extra filtering, and can operate in either 3.1–5 GHz low band or 6–10 GHz high band. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1857–1861, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23541