bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal Function in the Diabetic Mutant Mouse (Gene Symbol dbm)
Authors: Naeser Peter 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNaeser, P. Adrenal function in the diabetic mutant mouse (gene symboI dbm). Acta physioi. scand. 1976. 98. 395–399.The adrenal function in diabetes mutant mice with misty coat colour (dbm) was investigated by measurements of serum corticosteroids, adrenal weights and adrenal corticosteroid content. Furthermore, the adrenal corticosteroid content was studied in obese‐hyperglycemic mice (ob). In the dbm‐mice the serum corticosteroid levels were elevated at the age of 5 and 12 months although the adrenal weight only was significantly elevated at the age of 5 months. The adrenal corticosteroid content was significantly lower in the 12 months old dbm‐mice. In the ob‐mice the adrenal corticosteroid content was elevated at the age of 5 weeks, 5 and 12 months. It is concluded that in both the dbm‐mouse and the ob‐mouse there is an increased functional activity of the adrenal cortex which may reflect a pituitary hypersection of ACTH, perhaps as a manifestation of a common hypothalamic disorder.
Slow Evoked Cortical Responses to Linear Frequency Ramps of a Continuous Pure Tone
Authors: Arlinger S. D. , Jerlvall L. B. , Ahrén T. , Holmgren E. C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractArlinger, S. D., L. B. Jerlvall, T. Ahrén and E. C. Holmgren. Slow evoked cortical responses to linear frequency ramps of a continuous pure tone. Acta physiol. scand. 1976. 98. 412–424.Slow evoked cortical potentials from ten young normal‐hearing subjects have been recorded as responses to linear frequency ramps of a continuous pure tone. Frequency changes from 10 to 500 Hz were studied; the rate of frequency change was varied from 0.02 to 50 kHz/s while the duration of the change was varied from 10 to 500 ms. The rate of frequency change was shown to have the greatest bearing on the responses except for frequency ramp durations below 50 ms and frequency changes below 50 Hz. The base frequencies (250–4000 Hz) and sound levels (20–80 dB HL) exerted an influence on the evoked responses that was qualitatively similar to their influence on behavioral thresholds. The direction of the frequency sweep had no significant influence on the evoked responses. A functional model is proposed in which the time derivate of the signal frequency is integrated with an adaptable integration time that is controlled by the rate of the frequency change.
Influence of Intraocular Colchicine and Vinblastine on the Cat Iris
Authors: Hahnenberger Rudolph W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHahnenberger, R.W.Influence of intraocular colchicine and vinblastine on the cat iris. Acta physiol. scand. 1976.98. 425–432.The effect of intravitreally injected colchicine (100 μgand 300μg) and vinblastine (100μg) on function and sensitivity of the cat iris was studiedin vivo. Both antimitotics caused the same effects: The sensitivity to touch of the cornea disappeared after the third day. The normal sensitivity recovered, but after 1 month there was still an anesthetic island in the center of the cornea. The consensual light reflex from the injected to the normal eye declined markedly between 12 and 24 h and was abolished after 4 days. The consensual light reflex from the normal to the injected eye decreased with a similar time course and was completely abolished or strongly reduced after 4–5 days. The function of the sphincter pupillae in the injected eye was reestablished after one month. The affected iris became supersensitive to both pilocarpine and norepine‐phrine. The degree of super sensitivity in the cholinergic system was closely and inversely related to the degree of impaired function. The function of the dilatator pupillae could not be tested. The observed phenomena were most likely due to inhibition of exoplasmic flow in the nerves supplying the iris and cornea.
The Evaluation of Synthetic Oxygen Carriers by Perfusion of Isolated Rat Liver
Authors: Nováková Vera 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNováková, V. The evaluation of synthetic oxygen carriers by perfusion of isolated rat her. Acta physiol. scand. 1976. 98. 433–439.The perfluorochemical FC‐80 emulsion was added as oxygen carrier to a synthetic medium used for perfusion of isolated rat liver. The oxygen carrying function of FC‐80 was evaluated from measurements of serum albumin synthesis and incorporation of 14C‐lysine into the proteins in the medium. The effect of changes in flow rate of the medium on the evaluation of FC‐80 was investigated. The results show that there is a correlation between the serum protein synthesis and the oxygen supply only when the liver is hypoxic. In hypoxic liver both the addition of FC‐80 and the increase of the flow rate improve the oxygen supply which is indicated by increased serum protein synthesis. The effect of FC‐80 on serum protein synthesis is different at different flow rates. For the evaluation of the oxygen carrying function of FC emulsions from the metabolic function of the liver such a flow rate and affluent PO are optimal in which the FC is a limiting factor for sufficient oxygen supply.
Biosynthesis of Cadaverine in Mice under the Influence of an Anabolic Steroid
Authors: Henningsson Stig , Person Lo , Rosengren Elsa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHenningsson, S., L. Persson and E. Rosengren. Biosynthesis of cadaverine in mice under the influence of an anabolic steroid. Acta physiol. scand. 1976. 98. 445449.The content of cadaverine (1,5‐diaminopentane) in the kidney and urine was investigated in mice treated with the anabolic steroid Durabolin (nandrolone phenpropionate). After administration of this steroid cadaverine was found in the kidneys, whereas this amine could not be detected in the kidney of controls. The urinary excretion of cadaverine was elevated 50 times after Durabolin administration. An enzyme catalyzing the formation of cadaverine from lysine was shown for the first time to be present in mammalian tissue, namely in the kidney of mice after Durabolin administration.
Improved Left Ventricular Performance by the Transmission of Pulse Waves through the Pulmonary Vascular Bed
Authors: Piene Hroar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPiene, H. Improved left ventricular performance by the transmission of pulse waves through the pulmonary vascular bed. Acta physiol. scand. 1976. 98. 450–456.The influence on left ventricular performance of pulsewaves transmitted through the pulmonary vascular bed was studied in a cat lung preparation with the right heart bypassed by a pulsatile blood pump. The pump worked at a frequency slightly different from the intrinsic heart rate; transmitted pulse waves were thereby forced to arrive the left atrium at different phases of the left heart cycle. Slow fluctuations of left atrial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular dP/dt were observed. Left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular dP/dt were maximum when the transmitted pulsewaves arrived left atrium just prior to the atrial contraction. The observed variation in left ventricular systolic pressure was found to be directly dependent on the magnitude of pulsatile hydraulic power transmitted to the left atrium.
Degeneration Secretion and Noradrenaline Disappearance in Rat Salivary Glands Following Proximal or Distal Axotomy
Authors: Almgren O. , Dahlström A. , Häggendal J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlmgren, O., A. Dahlströmand J. Häggendal.Degeneration secretion and noradrenaline disappearance in rat salivary glands following proximal or distal axotomy. Acta physiol. scand. 1976.98. 457–464.The noradrenaline (NA) content and the degeneration secretion of saliva were studied in rat salivary glands, following proximal or distal sympathetic denervation. Proximal denervation was obtained by removal of the cervical superior ganglion, which left a long stump of adrenergic axons attached to the gland. Distal denervation was achieved by crushing the perihilar tissue, including the adrenergic axons, close to the gland, leaving only short axon stumps connected with the gland. Onset of both NA decrease and degeneration secretion occurred first in the distally denervated glands and about 2 h later on the proximally denervated sides. Except for the delay of 2 h the pattern of NA decrease and saliva secretion was similar after the two denervation procedures. The length of the attached axon stumps was estimated to be about 15–20 mm longer on the proximally denervated side. Therefore, the delay of 2 h caused by this length of axons corresponds to the proximo‐distal intra‐axonal transport distal to the “axotomy” of some protecting factors at the rate of 8–10 mm/h. Onset of degeneration secretion was observed between 11 and 12 h after proximal denervation when the NA content was decreased by about 10 9:. The maximum of saliva secretion occurred about 14 l/2 h after denervation when only 45 % of the NA remained in the gland. The correlation between the degeneration secretion of saliva and the decrease in NA probably was due to 1) the amount of NA leaking from degenerating nerve terminals, and 2) the inactivation of this escaped NA by the re‐uptake mechanism in the membrane of still intact nerve terminals.
On the Elicitation of the Diving Responses in Ducks
Authors: Blix Arnoldus Schytte , Rettedal Arne , Stokkan Karl‐Arne 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBlix, A. S., A. Rettedal and K.‐A. Stokkan. On the elicitation of the diving responses in ducks. Acta physiol. scand. 1976. 98. 478–483.Peripheral receptors signalling in both the 3 main divisions of the trigeminal nerves and in the glosso‐pharyngeal nerves are most likely involved in the onset of the apnea in diving ducks. Since the response also takes place when ducks are submerged in mercury, these peripheral receptors are hardly specific to water. Neither any of the 3 main groups of trigeminal, nor the glossopharyngeal receptors are alone responsible for the initiation of the apnea. Most likely the apnea takes place when the total impact on the ‘respiratory centre’ in the brain exceeds a certain treshold value, due to activation of a certain number of both trigeminal and glossopharyngeal peripheral receptors. However, even very local stimulation of the glottal area invariably evoked apnea, indicating a higher density of receptors there than for example on the beak or in the nares. This idea is supported by the fact that not even heavy rain evokes any response at all. It is unlikely that the cardiovascular adjustments displayed by diving ducks are directly coupled to the apnea response (ie. to stimulation of peripheral receptors). Rather they are supposed to be components in orienting and chemoreceptor reflexes.
Effects of Volleys in Cortico‐spinal Tract Fibres on Ventral Spino‐cerebellar Tract Cells in the Cat
Authors: Fu T.‐C. , Jankowska E. , Tanaka R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBoth excitation and inhibition has been found in cells of origin of the ventral spino‐cerebellar tract (VSCT) to be evoked by volleys in cortico‐spinal fibres. The earliest EPSPs and IPSPs had features of disynaptically evoked postsynaptic potentials; these were, however, found only in a small proportion of cells and polysynaptic EPSPs and IPSPs were dominating. Postsynaptic potentials evoked in VSCT cells from primary afferents were effectively facilitated by cortico‐spinal volleys. The cortico‐spinal effects on VSCT cells may thus well be mediated by the same interneurones which mediate their excitation or inhibition from the periphery and which could evoke similar postsynaptic potentials in motoneurones. Generally all the observations are in keeping with the hypothesis (Lundberg 1971) that VSCT cells monitor transmission through interneurones interposed in various reflex paths to motoneurones.
Effect of “Vein Pump” Activation upon Venous Pressure and Blood Flow in Human Subcutaneous Tissue
Authors: Henriksen O. , Sejrsen P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of “vein pump” activation upon superficial venous pressure and blood flow in human subcutaneous adipose tissue was studied in 6 normals and 2 patients with venous insufficiency. Blood flow in subcutaneous tissue was measured at the lateral malleolus by the local 133Xenon washout technique. with the subject placed in a supine position. During passive lowering of the leg blood flow decreased 50 per cent and total vascular resistance increased 136 per cent. Activation of the vein pump by continuously tipping the foot up and down caused a decrease in venous pressure of 5 mmHg in horizontal position. Venous pressure increased only by 8 mmHg when the leg was lowered during exercise. In this situation blood flow remained constant corresponding to an increase in vascular resistance of 42 per cent. However increasing venous pressure to 28 mmHg by venous stasis in the lowered leg during exercise caused an additional increase in vascular resistance of 82 per cent. In the patients with venous insufficiency exercise did not prevent the decrease in blood flow during lowering of the leg. Hence venous pressure elevation of 25 mmHg or more caused an additional increase in vascular resistance in subcutaneous tissue, “vasoconstrictor response”. It is concluded that this “vasoconstrictor response” depends on a vasoconstrictor impulse transmission from veins to arterioles, veno‐arteriolar reflex.
Regulation of Salivary Kallikrein Secretion in the Rat Submandibular Gland
Authors: ØRstavik Torill B. , Gautvik K. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUnstimulated pairs of rat submandibular glands were compared with regard to their wet weight, total protein content and kallikrein activity quantitated by Bz‐Arg‐OEt‐esterase and kallikrein antigenic activity. Paired glands from the same animal were found to be comparable, whereas differences from one animal to another were considerable. One of two paired glands was extirpated and used as control, and the other was subsequently subjected to stimulation. Salivary secretion was induced parasympathomimetically (intraperitoneal injections of pilocarpine; perfusion with acetylcholine and electrical stimulation of the ductal nerve plexus near the gland hilus) or sympathomimetically (cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation with or without administration of α or β‐adrenergic blocker; perfusion with epinephrine, norepinephrine or isoproterenol). The effect was studied by measuring the change in total gland kallikrein content and by quantitation of kallikrein in saliva. A small secretion of kallikrein was always observed. However, oc‐adrenergic stimulation was 40 and 1500 fold more effective in releasing kallikrein than β‐adrenergic and parasympathomimetic stimulation, respectively. Also, significantly more kallikrein was released by β‐adrenergic than parasympathomimetic stimulation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the observed depletion of kallikrein following α‐adrenergic stimulation. No alteration in kallikrein localization was observed in stimulated glands.
Deuterium Induced Extinction of ADH‐release in Response to Intracerebroventricular Infusions of Hypertonic NaCl and Angiotensin
Authors: Rundgren M. , Leksell L. G. , Lishajko F. , Andersson B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInfusions (20μl/min) of hypertonic (0.3 M) NaCl and angiotensin 11 (1 ng/kg min‐1)in isotonic (0.15 M) NaCl were made for 1 h in the hydrated goat during fully developed water diuresis. Either H2O or deuterium (D2O) was used as solvent. A pronounced antidiuretic response, outlasting the infusion period by 30 min or more, was seen when the substances were dissolved in H2O. Only a weak inhibition of the water diuresis, which was extinguished during the infusion period, was obtained when D2O was used as the solvent. The infusion of 0.3 M NaCl/H2O invariably induced drinking in one of the goats, which, however, showed no drinking response to the infusions of 0.3 M NaCl/D2O. The possibility is discussed that D2O (perhaps by‐its inhibitory effect on (Na+‐K+)‐ATPase activity) reduced the sensitivity of juxtaventricular receptors regulating ADH‐release and water intake.
Shortlasting Increase in the Synthesis and Utilization of Noradrenaline due to Axotomy‐Induced Irritation
Authors: Andén Nils‐Erik 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and the utilization of noradrenaline in the caudal and cranial part of intact and sectioned rat spinal cords were determined at 20 h or for 30 min ‐ 2 h after an operation. The synthesis and the utilization of noradrenaline in the caudal pari of spinal cords transected 20 h previously were retarded as compared to those in the cranial part of sectioned cords or in the caudal part of intact cords. The synthesis of noradrenaline was stimulated in the caudal and cranial part of the spinal cord when measured for 30 min after a transection. The utilization of noradrenaline in the spinal cord caudal to a transection was not decelerated during 2 h after an operation. Local application of lidocaine to the cord prior lo the cut changed the synthesis and the utilization of noradrenaline in both parts of the spinal cord to values similar to those obtained 20 h after the operation. Transection of the spinal cord might stimulate the synthesis and the utilization of noradrenaline by a shortlasting mechanical irritation of neurons cut by the lesion.
Mechanical, Electrical, and Biochemical Effects of Hypoxia and Substrate Removal on Spontaneously Active Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Hellstrand Per , Johansson Börje , Norberg Karin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEffects of hypoxia and glucose‐free solution on the isolated rat portal vein were studied. Decrease of extracellular Po2below 50 mm Hg caused graded inhibition of spontaneous mechanical activity; below 7 mm Hg. inhibition was complete in most preparations. Contracture force of depolarized portal vein was less sensitive to decreases in Po2. Responses to noradrenaline at all concentrations were markedly depressed at extreme hypoxia. Sucrose‐gap experiments showed that hypoxia reduced the spontaneous electrical spike discharge. Mean tissue contents of PCr, ATP and glycogen (expressed as glucose) were 3.02, 2.47 and 5.07μmol/g cell wt. in spontaneously active control muscles and 1.07, 1.65 and 1.83 after 20 min anoxia. Physiological variations in Po2may influence myogenic activity of vascular smooth muscle largely through an action at the membrane level and this mechanism may participate in local blood flow control. Calculations indicated that the graded response to hypoxia in the present in vitro experiments was not due to diffusion limitation. Spontaneous mechanical activity was relatively well maintained even after prolonged exposure to glucose‐free solution, whereas the responses to K1and noradrenaline were markedly suppressed. Electrophysiological recordings during spontaneous activity indicated desynchronization and impaired conduction. PCr and ATP were maintained at control levels and glycogen reduced by 50 per cent after 2 h in glucose‐free medium. Indications of the use of amino acids (glutamate) as substrate under these conditions were obtained.
Anaerobic Performance Capacity in Athletes
Authors: Komi Paavo V. , Rusko Heikki , Vos Jan , Vihko Veikko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAnaerobic performance characteristics of the whole body and at muscle tissue level were studied in 89 athletes and 31 reference subjects. The main parameters were vertical velocity during running up the stairs, maximal isometric force of leg extensor muscles, blood lactate concentration after maximal treadmill running test, percentage of fast twitch muscle fibers (% FT fibers), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in vastus lateralis muscle. These parameters tended to divide the athletes and their sport events into neuromuscular, anaerobic and aerobic types. The specific needs of the different sport events might have masked the expected characteristics of energy and power utilization. However, a high percentage of FT fibers might be a prerequisite for a successful athlete in certain neuromuscular‐anaerobic type events (“power events”). The main parameters describing the anaerobic performance capacity of the whole body (vertical velocity, leg force, blood lactate) were found to be related to muscle fiber composition (% FT fibers). The running velocity rather than muscle strength seemed to be more influenced by activity of enzymes LDH and CPK.
Tail Artery Response to Sound in the Unanesthetized Rat
Authors: Borg E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractArterial pulsations have been recorded indirectly from the surface of the rat's tail. Slight heating of restrained unanesthetized rats produces vasodilatation and large amplitude pulsations that are influenced by sensory stimuli, in this case, sound. The surface‐recorded pulse volume was found to be proportional to pulse pressure, indicating vasoconstriction as the cause of the decline of the pulse amplitude. A one‐second noise burst elicited vasoconstriction, the duration of which was proportional to sound level and occurred as low as at hearing threshold. Under the specified conditions, reproducibility was good with no significant habituation both within session, and between sessions with a one week interval. The warming of the rats was found to be critical for the sound‐elicited reactions; responses were obtained only within a narrow, individual temperature‐range. The possibilities of using tail vasoconstriction for evaluation of hearing was pointed out, as well as for studies of noise effects on peripheral circulation.
Regional Blood Flow in the Left Ventricular Wall of Dogs with a Graded Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Bagger Henning 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBlood flow in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery was recorded by electromagnetic flowmeter. In the area supplied by this branch vasodilatation was produced by progressive constriction until the diastolic reactive hyperemic response to 10 s occlusion disappeared (“optimum” stenosis). This degree of stenosis was accompanied by a 20% decrease in diastolic circumflex flow, while systolic flow remained unchanged. The distribution of blood flow in the left ventricular free wall was evaluated at “optimum” stenosis by counting activity in tissue blocks following bolus injection of Xe‐133 into the aortic root. When Xe‐133 was injected immediately after occlusion of the left anterior descending branch the Xe‐133 concentration of the endocardial part of the area supplied by the circumflex branch was about half the concentration in the epicardial part. The concentrations in the two parts did not, however, differ significantly when occlusion of the left anterior descending branch was omitted. This indicates that the endocardial blood flow reserve is lower than the epicardial, and that, yet, a preferential fall in blood flow in the endocardial part of a post‐stenotic area can be rapidly eliminated when blood supply from a neighbouring artery is available.