bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor performance and dyslexia in a national cohort of 10‐year‐old children
Authors: Haslum M. N. , Miles T. R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractData from the 10‐year follow‐up of the 1970 British Births Survey were examined for associations between motor performance and dyslexia. Five tests of motor performance were used: (a) balancing on one leg, (b) throwing a ball in the air, clapping and catching it, (c) walking backwards, (d) sorting matches and (e) graphaesthesia (recognizing shapes drawn on the palm of the hand). These tests were given to 12 950 children aged between 10 and 11 years old. The cohort was divided into nine groups based on three levels of literacy achievement and three levels of possible indicators of dyslexia. The group with the most severe underachievement and most possible indicators (children most likely to be severely dyslexic) comprised about 2% of the total. Of this group, 35.3% failed one motor test and 16.4% failed more than one (51.7% in total), compared with 26.8% and 7.7% of normal achievers. The children had greater problems with balance than those in the other two severely underachieving groups but the effects were small. It is suggested that the use of a balance test only as a screener for dyslexia could result in a proportion of dyslexics being missed and that remedial motor training programmes for children with dyslexia should be offered only to those with co‐occurring motor difficulties. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Criteria for evaluating interventions
Authors: Miles T. R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBy common consent there is a ‘gold standard’ in reference to which the efficacy of medical interventions needs to be evaluated. It is suggested in this paper that in educational research achievement of this gold standard is rarely possible. It does not follow, however, that research that falls short of this standard is therefore valueless; there may be many different kinds of good (and less good) reasons for accepting particular conclusions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H5EPTPACH2OH: Synthesis, Relaxometric Characterization and 1H NMR Spectroscopic Studies on the Solution Dynamics of Its LnIII Complexes
Authors: Torres Susana , Martins José A. , André João P. , Pereira Giovannia A. , Kiraly Robert , Brücher Ernö , Helm Lothar , Tóth Éva , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a new metal chelator, 4‐(S)‐hydroxymethyl‐3,6,10‐tri(carboxymethyl)‐3,6,10‐triazadodecanedioic acid (H5EPTPACH2OH), is reported. Protonation constants for the ligand H5EPTPACH2OH and for the previously reported H5EPTPAC16 have been determined by potentiometry, which reveals that both ligands display slightly higher protonation constants relative to that of the ligand DTPA5–. The stability constant for the [Gd(EPTPACH2OH)(H2O)]2– complex has also been determined by potentiometry. The obtained value (log KGdL = 16.7) is two orders of magnitude lower than that for the [Gd(EPTPA)(H2O)]2– complex, which indicates the destabilizing effect of the pendant hydroxymethyl group at the EPTPA backbone. The microscopic protonation scheme has been deduced from the pH dependence of the 1H NMR spectra of both H5EPTPACH2OH and H5EPTPAC16 ligands. The first two protonations occur exclusively at the backbone nitrogen atoms – the first protonation occurs preferentially at the more basic central nitrogen atom. The second proton distributes preferentially between the two terminal nitrogen atoms with the favoring of the trimethylene nitrogen atom over the ethylene nitrogen atom. The LnIII complexes of the ligand H5EPTPACH2OH have been prepared and their solution dynamics studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Two sets of resonances of very different intensities from two isomeric complexes have been observed. Relaxometric investigations (17O NMR and 1H NMRD) demonstrate that the [Gd(EPTPACH2OH)(H2O)]2– complex displays an accelerated water‐exchange rate (kex = 87.6 × 106 s–1) that is close to the theoretically derived optimal value. However, the kinetic stability of this complex in phosphate‐buffered solutions towards Zn2+ transmetallation is quite low, but higher than that of the corresponding methyl derivative.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ruthenium‐Based NHC‐Arene Systems as Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerisation Catalysts
Authors: Ledoux Nele , Allaert Bart , Verpoort Francis 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe availability of starting materials, the complexity of the preparative routes and the cost to make the catalyst are key in the development of industrially relevant olefin metathesis catalysts. With this in mind, new synthetic routes, which lead to alternatives for the classic ruthenium benzylidene complexes and circumvent the need for patented Grubbs intermediates were explored. The research presented herein focuses on the coordination of “saturated” N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands to Ru dimer [(p‐cymene)RuCl2]2. As the coordination of the standard NHC ligand H2IMes (1,3‐dimesityl‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene) was found to be unattainable, bidentate NHC analogues were synthesized instead. These are O‐hydroxyaryl‐substituted NHCs, capable of binding with the metal centre through the oxygen atom as well as through the carbene carbon atom. Their chelating properties improved the stability of the corresponding ruthenium arene complexes, which allowed more successful isolation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Domino Transformations of gem‐Trifluoroacetyl(bromo)alkenes under the Action of Secondary Amines
Authors: Rulev Alexander Yu. , Uchakov Igor A. , Nenajdenko Valentin G. , Balenkova Elisabeth S. , Voronkov Mikhail G. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract2‐Bromo‐3‐arylpropenyl trifluoromethyl ketones underwent aza‐Michael/hydroxyalkylation domino reactions triggered by secondary amines to give unexpectedly 2‐amino‐1‐trifluoromethyl indenols in good yields. The process was found to involve the intermediate formation of captodative aminoalkenes. Treatment of 2‐bromo‐3‐thienyl derivatives with the same nucleophiles afforded the captodative trifluoroacetyl(amino)alkenes. The indenols obtained in this reaction can be converted into the corresponding indanones by acid hydrolysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Highly Selective Preparation of a Chiral Quaternary Allyl Aryl Piperidinedione by Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation Under Solid–Liquid Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Nowicki Audrey , Keldenich Jérôme , Agbossou‐Niedercorn Francine 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe combination of a chiral palladium catalyst and a solid–liquid phase‐transfer catalyst provides an effective method for the chemo‐ and enantioselective preparation of the chiral quaternary center of an allyl aryl piperidinedione. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Bismuth Triflate Catalyzed Allylation of Aldehydes with Allylstannane under Microwave Assistance
Authors: Ollevier Thierry , Li Zhiya 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn the presence of a catalytic amount of bismuth triflate and under microwave irradiation, mixtures of aldehyde and allylstannane afforded smoothly the corresponding homoallylic alcohol. A wide variety of aldehydes were treated under these conditions. The reactions proceeded rapidly and afforded smoothly the corresponding homoallylic alcohol in good to very good yields using catalytic amounts of Bi(OTf)3·4H2O (0.5 mol‐%) and under microwave irradiation for a short time.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis: Early history
Authors: McGuire Robin K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractProbabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is the evaluation of annual frequencies of exceedence of ground motion levels (typically designated by peak ground acceleration or by spectral accelerations) at a site. The result of a PSHA is a seismic hazard curve (annual frequency of exceedence vs ground motion amplitude) or a uniform hazard spectrum (spectral amplitude vs structural period, for a fixed annual frequency of exceedence). Analyses of this type were first conceived in the 1960s and have become the basis for the seismic design of engineered facilities ranging from common buildings designed according to building codes to critical facilities such as nuclear power plants. This Historical Note traces the early history of PSHA. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability modelling of uninterruptible power supply systems using fault tree analysis method
Authors: Rahmat Mohd. Khairil , Jovanovic Slobodan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the reliability parameters estimation method for the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems using the fault tree analysis (FTA) technique. FTA is a top‐down approach to identify all potential causes leading to system failure. The computation of the system's failure probability is the main goal of this analysis, as this value can be used to calculate other important system reliability parameters such as failure rates, mean time between failures (MTBFs) and reliability. In this paper, the FTA method was applied to five different UPS topologies and the results obtained were compared and discussed in detail. By comparing the critical fault path of the system, it was found that the inverter failures contributed most significantly to the system failure. It was also found that the probability of failure of a UPS system can be reduced by the inclusion of bypass supply, given that the failure rate of the events that causing the failure of the bypass supply should be lower compared to the main utility supply. Finally, to validate the results obtained from this method, comparisons were made to the results from other methods such as the reliability block diagram (RBD), Boolean Truth Table, probability tree, Monte‐Carlo simulation and field data reliability estimation methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fuzzy logic based approach to determine system well‐being indices
Authors: Fotuhi‐Firuzabad Mahmud , Abiri‐Jahromi Amir 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new approach is presented in this paper to determine the degree of system well‐being in the form of healthy, marginal and at risk state indices using the fuzzy logic concepts. Conventional well‐being method uses a crisp deterministic criterion to divide power system comfort zone into the healthy and marginal states. In this regard, the main drawback is associated with categorising the system performance in the comfort zone into the healthy and marginal states. To overcome this problem, a new approach is developed that categorises the states as healthy or marginal using fuzzy logic. The technique together with the effects on the system risk and the system health and margin probabilities of factors such as lead time, system peak load variation and load forecast uncertainty are illustrated by application to the IEEE‐RTS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in neural activity associated with learning to articulate novel auditory pseudowords by covert repetition
Authors: Rauschecker Andreas M. , Pringle Abbie , Watkins Kate E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLearning to articulate novel combinations of phonemes that form new words through a small number of auditory exposures is crucial for development of language and our capacity for fluent speech, yet the underlying neural mechanisms are largely unknown. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to reveal repetition–suppression effects accompanying such learning and reflecting discrete changes in brain activity due to stimulus‐specific fine‐tuning of neural representations. In an event‐related design, subjects were repeatedly exposed to auditory pseudowords, which they covertly repeated. Covert responses during scanning and postscanning overt responses showed evidence of learning. An extensive set of regions activated bilaterally when listening to and covertly repeating novel pseudoword stimuli. Activity decreased, with repeated exposures, in a subset of these areas mostly in the left hemisphere, including premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal cortex, and cerebellum. The changes most likely reflect more efficient representation of the articulation patterns of these novel words in two connected systems, one involved in the perception of pseudoword stimuli (in the left superior temporal cortex) and one for processing the output of speech (in the left frontal cortex). Both of these systems contribute to vocal learning. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial nonuniformity of the resting CBF and BOLD responses to sevoflurane: In vivo study of normal human subjects with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Qiu Maolin , Ramani Ramachandran , Swetye Michael , Constable Robert Todd 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPulsed arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to investigate the local coupling between resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) signal changes in 22 normal human subjects during the administration of 0.25 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) sevoflurane. Two states were compared with subjects at rest: anesthesia and no‐anesthesia. Regions of both significantly increased and decreased resting‐state rCBF were observed. Increases were limited primarily to subcortical structures and insula, whereas, decreases were observed primarily in neocortical regions. No significant change was found in global CBF (gCBF). By simultaneously measuring rCBF and BOLD, region‐specific anesthetic effects on the coupling between rCBF and BOLD were identified. Multiple comparisons of the agent‐induced rCBF and BOLD changes demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) spatial variability in rCBF–BOLD coupling. The slope of the linear regression line for AC, where rCBF was increased by sevoflurane, was markedly smaller than the slope for those ROIs where rCBF was decreased by sevoflurane, indicating a bigger change in BOLD per unit change in rCBF in regions where rCBF was increased by sevoflurane. These results suggest that it would be inaccurate to use a global quantitative model to describe coupling across all brain regions and in all anesthesia conditions. The observed spatial nonuniformity of rCBF and BOLD signal changes suggests that any interpretation of BOLD fMRI data in the presence of an anesthetic requires consideration of these insights. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Algorithms for uncertainty propagation in transmission‐line matrix (TLM) method
Authors: Borges G. A. , Júnior E. A. C. , de Menezes L. R. A. X. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents new techniques coupling uncertainty propagation with the transmission‐line matrix method. This improves the quality of electromagnetic simulation. The reason is that in this case the solution provides not only the average field value but also the associated covariances. This is very useful when incomplete or uncertain information is inherent to the problem. The technique is much faster than regular Monte Carlo simulations, which are used in other methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CEO values, organizational culture and firm outcomes
Authors: Berson Yair , Oreg Shaul , Dvir Taly 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFew empirical works have examined the process through which CEO dispositions relate to organizational outcomes. In this study we examined the relationships between CEO values and organizational culture, and between organizational culture and firm performance. Data were collected from different sources (26 CEOs, 71 Senior Vice Presidents and 185 other organizational members), and include organizational financial performance data collected at two points in time. In support of our hypotheses, CEO self‐directive values were associated with innovation‐oriented cultures, security values were associated with bureaucratic cultures and benevolence values were related to supportive cultures. In turn, cultural dimensions showed differential associations with subsequent company sales growth, an index of organizational efficiency and assessments of employee satisfaction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of Taiwanese propolis collected from different locations and seasons
Authors: Chen Yue‐Wen , Wu Shiao‐Wen , Ho Kai‐Kuang , Lin Shih‐Bin , Huang Chung‐Yang , Chen Chia‐Nan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Characterisation of propolis is difficult because of the fact that its chemical composition can vary with its source of origin. The aim of this study was to establish distinctive criteria relating to quantifiable quality features of Taiwanese propolis (TP). Thirty‐four samples of TP were collected from nine different locations in different seasons. Based on colour, the 34 samples were categorised into three groups, TW‐I (green), TW‐II (brownish green) and TW‐III (dark brown). Ethanolic extracts of these samples were tested for dry extract yield, total phenolic content, propolin content, antiradical activity and antimicrobial activities.RESULTS: TW‐I had a higher dry extract yield (71.5 ± 6.0%), a higher total phenolic content and higher propolin levels than TW‐II and TW‐III. It also showed a stronger ability to scavenge 1,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Both TW‐I and TW‐II had higher antimicrobial activities than TW‐III.CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the high biological activities of TW‐I might be correlated with its high content of propolins. In summary, propolin content, colour and season might be useful as quality parameters of TP. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Shelf‐life prediction of edible fats and oils using Rancimat
Authors: Farhoosh Reza 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDetermining the shelf‐life of edible fats and oils under normal storage conditions is a tedious and time‐consuming task. Accelerated tests are therefore frequently used to determine the stability of the products at ambient conditions. However, the mechanisms of lipid oxidation at accelerated conditions may be different from those under normal storage conditions, leading to errors in the shelf‐life predictions. This article describes an automated accelerated method, namely Rancimat, for shelf‐life prediction of edible fats and oils under normal storage conditions, and the effect of its operational parameters on these predictions.
Oleoyl‐ethanolamide (OEA): A bioactive lipid derived from oleic acid and phosphatidylethanol‐amine
Authors: Thabuis Clémentine , Destaillats Frédéric , Tissot‐Favre Delphine , Martin Jean‐Charles 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFatty acid ethanolamides are lipid compounds with biological activities. Among them, oleoyl‐ethanolamide (OEA) has attracted a great deal of interest because of its biological properties. OEA is found in low amount in foodstuffs, but mainly stems from endogenous synthesis. In rodents, intraperitoneal administration of OEA induces satiety and peripheral utilization of lipid substrate. Both in vitro studies and knock‐out animal models have revealed some mechanisms of action, such as PPARα signaling, selected neuron activation and endocrine (ghrelin) signaling. The proximal intestine seems to be a target organ for satiety control. Acute oral administration also induces satiety. Further studies are still required to better address the physiological impact of both oral and intraperitoneal OEA when administrated in the long term.
Polymers for in vivo Tuning of Refractive Properties in Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Träger Jens , Heinzer Jasmin , Kim Hee‐Cheol , Hampp Norbert 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHigh‐refractive‐index polymers for intraocular lenses are presented whose refractive index can be tuned post‐operatively in a non‐invasive manner to enable focal length and aspheric corrections in vivo. The polymer materials contain covalently attached photochemically crosslinkable coumarin side groups, to cause a change in refractive index of Δn > 0.02, which enables one to tune the focal length of a standard IOL by two diopters. This is enough to ensure that more than 80% of all cataract patients can be adjusted non‐invasively to optimal vision after cataract surgery, thus providing a remedy to a major shortcoming of today's cataract surgery.magnified image
Thermal and Morphological Behaviour of Well‐Defined Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers Based on Cyclohexyl and Di(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylates
Authors: Muñoz‐Bonilla Alexandra , Haddleton David M. , Cerrada Maria L. , Fernández‐García Marta 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe microphase separation and morphology of PDEG‐b‐PCH‐b‐PDEG and PCH‐b‐PDEG‐b‐PCH amphiphilic triblock copolymers have been studied by DSC, SAXS and AFM. A clear first‐order scattering peak was observed for most of the triblock copolymers, independent of the macroinitiator used. This diffraction has been ascribed to the development of a lamellar structure, which was confirmed by AFM. On the other hand, the existence of an ODT upon heating was observed for most of the triblock copolymers. The ODT location was dependent on the outer segment molecular weights, shifting at higher temperatures as the polymerisation degree increased. WAXS profiles were checked to determine the glass transition and ODT temperatures.magnified image
Synthesis, Phase Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Poly(2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol‐4,4′‐bibenzoate)
Authors: Fernández‐Blázquez Juan P. , Bello Antonio , Pérez Ernesto 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and phase behaviour of PB32 is reported. The results indicate that PB32 develops a low‐ordered smectic mesophase of the type SmCalt. The slow formation of such a mesophase allows the quenching of the isotropic melt into an amorphous state so that both amorphous glass and smectic glass can be obtained, which exhibit different glass‐transition temperatures. Mechanical tests indicate that the macromolecular chains in the mesophase of PB32 can be oriented either parallel or perpendicularly in relation to the streching direction, depending on the deformation conditions. Solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy results show that the mobility of the chains is rather similar in both phases.magnified image
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of iso‐Butyl Methacrylate in Microemulsion with Cationic and Non‐Ionic Emulsifiers
Authors: Kagawa Yasuyuki , Kawasaki Masahiro , Zetterlund Per B. , Minami Hideto , Okubo Masayoshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDirect atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of iso‐butyl methacrylate in microemulsion has been performed successfully for the first time. ATRP was performed at 40 °C with different emulsifier systems: i) the cationic emulsifier n‐tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB); and ii) mixed emulsifier systems based on TTAB and the non‐ionic emulsifiers Emulgen 911 or Emulgen 931. All polymerizations proceeded in a controlled/living fashion, and the microemulsions were transparent with particle diameters less than 15 nm. The emulsifier system TTAB/Emulgen 911 exhibited better control than TTAB only. This is proposed to be caused by complex formation between Emulgen 911 in the organic phase and CuBr2 (the deactivator), thus reducing the extent of exit of CuBr2 to the aqueous phase. The more hydrophilic Emulgen 931 did not lead to improved control.magnified image