bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Differential Lines and a Collection of Sunflower Parental Lines for Resistance to Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in Spain
Authors: Melero‐Vara J. M. , Dominguez J. , Fernandez‐Martinez J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBroomrape (Orobanche cernua Loelf.) is a sunflower parasite which has become a potential threat to this crop in Spam with an increasing incidence in recent last years. In order to investigate the racial situation of the parasite in Spam and to evaluate the resistance of differentials and inbred lines currently used in breeding programmes, two experiments were carried out. In the first, two sets of European sunflower differentials were inoculated with three broomrape populations from different geographical origin. The second experiment studied the reaction to the parasite of 38 inbred lines in comparison with resistant and susceptible checks. Reactions of differential lines resistant to known European broomrape races ranged from complete immunity of lines P‐1380‐2A and ‘Jdanovski 8281’ to complete susceptibility of ‘Record’ and the universal suscepts. These results confirmed the existence of several physiological races of broomrape in Spain and a different racial composition from that of Eastern Europe. Results from the second experiment showed good resistance of half the restorer lines tested and 36 % of the maintainers and cms lines. This material together with the resistant differential lines constitutes good starting material to be used in developing cultivars resistant to broomrape populations in Spain.
Components of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterility System in Resynthesized and Cultivated Forms of Oilseed Rape (Brassies napus L.)
Authors: Chen B. Y. , Heneen W. K. , Gertsson B. , Halldén C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMale sterile Brassica napus L. plants were found in breeding material which was used for the development of yellow‐seeded oilseed rape. The genetic studies indicated that the male sterility was conditioned by the presence of maintamer genes in the nuclear backgrounds of two newly resynthesized B. napus lines, No7076 and No7406, in combination with a male sterility‐inducing cytoplasm (S) which is frequently found in cultivated forms of B. napus. Test crosses with nap maintainer and restorer lines support the conclusion that the observed male sterility is of nap type. Furthermore, the Eco RI restriction pattern of mitochondrial DNA of the (S) cytoplasm was identical to that of the nap cytoplasm. Hence, we conclude that we have uncovered a new source of maintainer lines for the nap system which could potentially lead to the production of a better maintainer/restorer system for use in hybrid oilseed rape breeding programmes. However, more work is needed to reduce the glucosinolate content of the maintainer lines and to determine the factors controlling the phenotypic expression of the system.
Effects of Growth Regulator and Genotype on Production of Wheat and Triticale Polyhaploids from Anther Culture*
Authors: Hassawi Dhia S. , Qi Jiahua , Liang G. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHomozygous doubled‐haploid plantlets derived from anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) are useful breeding materials. However, efficiency of an‐drogenesis needs improvement. We used media (basic components, are the same as 85DI2) each containing one of the seven auxins [2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5–T), P‐chloraphenoxyacetic acid (pCPA), 3,6‐dichloro‐o‐anisic acid (dicamba), 4‐amino‐3,5,6‐trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), indole‐3‐butrytic acid (IBA), indole‐3‐acctic acid (IAA), and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) as a control] in combination with 6‐furturyl‐aminopurine (kinetin). In addition, each of the four cytokinins [6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐HA), 2‐isopenlylnyl adenine (2‐ip), 6‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐meihylbut‐2‐enylamino) purinc (zeatin), and kinetin as a control] was tested in combination with 1‐naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Anthers containing microsporcs at miduninucleatc stage from live wheat cultivars (Angus, Centurk, Chris, K.itt, and Pavon 76) and two octoploid trilicale lines (T81, T82) were tested mainly for callus induction and polyhaploid production on each of the 11 media. The cultivar × medium interaction was not significant, When averaged over all growth regulators, Pavon was (he best cultivar which produced 14.4 % calli and 23 % polyhaploid plantlets. Averaged over all cultivars, the medium containing 2, 4‐U produced the highest calli (13.9 %). Undifferentiated calli were regenerated on 87T1 medium, which contained IAA (1 mg/1) and kinetin (2 mg/1).
Stability Analysis of Yield in Maize, Wheat and Sorghum and its Implications in Breeding Programs*
Authors: Yue Guilan , Perng S. K. , Walter T. L. , Wassom C. E. , Liang G. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSix stability statistics: (bi, s2di, , , and ) were estimated for maize, wheat and sorghum in different environments by using three statistical models. The significant linear portion of genotype × environment interaction for maize indicates different hybrids responded differently to environments, whereas the non‐significant genotype × environment interaction (linear) were found for wheat and sorghum suggest that all genotypes responded similarly as the environments change. However, the highly significant pooled deviations (deviation from regression) for all three crops make yield predictions from the model less reliable. When regression coefficients (bi) were non‐significant, s2di, became an important statistic in estimating stability. It appears that the regression coefficient, bi, was best used to estimate genotypic adaptability, whereas s2di, for stability. Maize and sorghum had negative correlations between the mean yield and stability statistics, s2di, , and , suggesting that high yield and stability are not mutually exclusive in the range of environments used in this study; however, such correlations did not occur in wheat. Thus, maize and sorghum hybrids with high yield potential and high stability could be identified and selected. Correlations between mean yield and bi, or , were positive and significant for maize and sorghum but were non‐significant for wheat, indicating that such relationships may be species specific. Under a given set of testing environments, the stability ranking associated with each maize hybrid is correlated to and depends on other hybrids included in the analysis.
Independent Inheritance of Flower Colour and Male‐Fertility Restorer Characters in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Chen B. Y. , Heneen W. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAvailable material of oilseed (Brassica napus L., AACC) comprises two yellow‐flowered breeding lines and a white/pale‐flowered line of resynthesized rape. The flower colour white/pale is dominant over yellow, and is controlled by a gene located in the C‐genome. The yellow‐flowered genotypes acted as restorer lines and the white/pale‐flowered genotype as a maintainer line in a cytoplasmic male sterility system. The segregation pattern of flower colour and male fertility restorer characters were studied in F2 generations of crosses between these lines, also in a three‐way cross additionally including a yellow flowered B. campestris (AA) line. Evidense was obtained in support of the conclusion that the flower colour and male fertility restorer characters are monogenically controlled and independently inherited. Whether the male fertility restorer gene is located in the A or C genome remains to be determined.
A Survey of the Anther Culture Response of Brassica oleracea L. Cultivars Grown Under Field Conditions
Authors: Arnison P. G. , Keller W. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnther culture studies were conducted on a wide variety of different vegetable Brassica oleracea L. cultivars grown under field conditions. Representative selections were included from different varieties including: broccoli, var. italica; heading broccoli, var. botrytis; Brussels sprouts, var. gemnifera; Chinese Kale, var. alboglabra; Kales, vars. acephala, medullosa, ramosa, selensia; cauliflower, var. botrytis; kohlrabi, var. gongylodes; and cabbage, vars. capitata and sabanda. At least some microspore derived embryos were recovered from the majority of cultivars tested; however, rates of embryo formation were sometimes lower than those obtained under controlled environmental conditions. In general the anther culture response was greatest for cabbage and other vegetables that required vernalization for flowering. Results were lower for materials exposed to high temperature stresses before culture. Nevertheless, it is clear that the use of anther culture procedures in breeding programs is possible without access to extensive controlled environmental facilities.
Production of Haploid Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) by Culturing Unpollinated Ovules
Authors: Lux H. , Herrmann L. , Wetzel Claudia 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe culture of unpollinated ovules is shown to be a suitable system for the production of haploid sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The yield of haploids depended upon the genotype and varied between 0 and 13 % with a mean of 1.0 %. Haploid plants could be produced from approximately 50 % of all genotypes examined.The majority of the haploids isolated (about 90%) maintained the haploid genome level during the in vitro culture and propagation; 10% of the haploid clones showed a spontaneous doubling to the diploid genome level.
Further Studies on the Restoration of Fertility in Triticum durum×T. timopheevi Hybrids
Authors: Pandey H. N. , Rao M. V. , Singh S. V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwenty one F1 hybrids involving three Triticum durum cultivars and eleven forms of T. timopheevi were backcrossed to their respective durum parents. Backcross fertility (BC1 grain set) of these sterile hybrids improved with the rise in temperature at the time of pollination. A mean temperature of less than 20 °C results in poor seed set while higher mean temperatures around 24 °C result in increased seed set. It is suggested that a large number of backcross seeds can be produced by pollinating these hybrids late in the season, i.e., after 20th of March in northern India.
Relationship Between Gluten Strength and Glutenin Proteins in Durum Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Carrillo J. M. , Vazquez J. F. , Orkellana J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn electrophoretic study of gliadin and glutenin proteins, mainly low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) Glutenin Subunits, was undertaken to investigate possible assoeiations between these proteins and gluten strength. Thirty‐eight durum wheat cultivars having different origins and currently grown in Spam were analysed. Different electrophoretic methods were used to analyse the seed storage proteins. Protein grain content was estimated and gluten strength was measured by the SDS‐sedimentation test. New patterns for LMW glutenins were observed. Besides the known patterns of LMW‐1, associated with γ‐gliadin 42, and LMW‐2 associated with γ‐gliadin 45, six cultivars had LMW‐2− associated with γ‐gliadin 43, one cultivar showed LMW‐2* associated with γ‐gliadin 44, and another cultivar, null for γ‐42 and γ‐45, had LMW‐1−. Significant differences for gluten strength were found among groups of cultivars with different LMW patterns. High molecular weight glutenins were found in general to be poor indicators of viscoelastic properties, although band 20 showed a negative influence on quality. The results are discussed in relation to development ol cultivars with good gluten strength.
Variation of Seed Glucosinolates in Lines of Brassica napus
Authors: Kräling K. , Röbbelen G. , Thies W. , Herrmann M. , Ahmadi M. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe glucosinolate (GSL) pattern of 93 resynthesized (resyn) repeseed lines was examined over three years, and five stable genotypes with distinct GSL profiles were identified. Typically the resyn B. napus profile exhibited progoitrin as the main GSL, but contained sinigrin. The different GSL patterns of the four deviating lines are discussed with respect to the proposed biosynthetic pathway. Within the resyn and further extensive breeding materias, screening for low indolyl GSL contents resulted in finding one genotype with an extremely low 4‐hydroxy‐gluco‐brassicin and glucobrassicin content. Furthermore, other lines were identified, over a wide range of indolyl GSL contents. The values were stable over two years.
Genotypes of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with High Anther‐Culture Response through Hybridization
Authors: Halberg N. , Olesen A. , Tuvesson I. K. D. , Andersen S. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnther‐culture response in Lolium perenne was studied in the hybrid populations from three responsive diploid parent clones to obtain genotypes with superior anther‐culture response through hybridization. Genetic variation for anther‐culture response was significant both within and between the four hybrid families and their parents. A reciprocal effect was indicated for embryo formation and regeneration percentages for one of the cross combinations. Among 55 hybrid clones tested in two environments, 6 clones were identified with an anther‐culture response level superior to their parents. While the parents produced one green plant or less per 100 anthers, these superior clones produced from 11 to 59 green plants/100 anthers, mainly as the result of improved embryo formation and improved percentages of regenerated plants being green. A significant correlation (r = 0.397**) was observed between embryo formation and percentage of green plants. The results are discussed with regard to the possible transfer of anther‐culture response to non‐responsive breeding material through hybridization.
Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts Derived from Suspension Culture of Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Taipei 177’)
Authors: Biswas G. C. Ghosh , Zapata F. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractProtoplasts were isolated from young inflorescence‐derived suspension cultures of a japonica rice cultivar ‘Taipei 177’. The isolated protoplasts which were cultured either in liquid, agar on Sea plaque agarose underwent sustained division. Maximum plating efficiency of 1.06% occurred in a medium containing macroelements of KM, microelements and vitamins of B5, 0.5 % Sea plaque agarose, 1.0 mg/l of 2,4‐D, and glucose as an osmotic stabilizer. Green and albino plants were regenerated from the protocalli in MS semisolid medium containing 4 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l NAA and 500 mg/l casein hydrolysate (MS18–2).
Transfer of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus Resistance from Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum to L. esculentum
Authors: Kalloo  , Banerjee M. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSix lines, i.e., H‐2, H‐11, H‐17, H‐23, H‐24, and H‐36, resistant to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (TLCV) have been developed with controlled introgression of L. hirsutum f. glabratum into Lycopersicon esculentum. The disease incidence, 120 days after inoculation, of those lines derived from L. hirsutum f. glabratum ranged from 8.3 to 35.0 %, whereas in susceptible varieties it ranged from 95.0 to 100 %. The coefficient of infection (CI) values in the resistant lines were very low, ranging from 0.25 to 4.55, whereas in susceptible varieties CI values ranged from 60.56 to 88.96. Line H‐2 had the highest resistance by showing the least disease incidence and CI values. The fruit size and days to maturity in resistant lines were close to those of cultivated susceptible varieties. These lines have the scope for being used as varieties in the TLCV infested areas or as foundation lines for further genetic improvement.
Selection in Early Generations of Dried Peas, Pisum sativum L. II. Significance of the Environment of Selection
Authors: Stelling D. , Ebmeyer E. , Snoad B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn early generations peas arc frequently grown widely‐spaced against wire netting under growing conditions considerably different from the commercial cultivation practice of dense stands. In 1985 and 1986, five morphologically different pea varieties were grown both widely‐spaced against wire and in dense stand in plots. In the plot stands no methods to prevent the peas from lodging were used. Grain yield and yield‐related traits were recorded in both environments of selection, i.e. ‘wire netting’ and ‘plot stand’. Data were analyzed with respect to the suitibility of the environment ‘wire netting’ for selection for grain yield to be realized in commercial stands of the crop.Against wire, the grain yield, number of podded lateral branches, number of podded nodes/main stem, and the profile of grain yield/node on the main stem were the most responsive characters as compared to the standard plot with a dense stand. The relative increase differed between genotypes, which was also indicated by highly significant genotype × environment interactions. Only small changes consistent over genotypes were observed for thousand grain weight (slightly lower), number of seeds/pod (slightly increased) and grain yield/pod (slightly higher).Against wire, the expression of varietal variation was higher for most characters. In addition, single plant error was lower, so that at the wire heritability values based on individual plants were larger than in the plots.The significance of the present results and the effects of competition on selection in early generations in dried peas are discussed.
In‐vitro Fertilization of Ovules of Some Species of Brassicaceae*
Authors: Zenkteler M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe method of in‐vitro fertilization of ovules can be successfully applied to various species of Brassincaceae. Mature embryos and plants were obtained after in‐vitro pollinating the ovules of Arabis caucasica, Brassica napus, B. oleracea var. sabellica (kale), B. oleracea var. italica (broccoli), Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Moricandia arvensis and Sisymbrium Loeselli. In the case of Sinapis alba fertilization and embryo development did not occur. The same method has been successfully used for obtaining hybrid immature embryos at different stages of development from crosses between B. napus X D. tenuifolia, B. napus X M. arvensis, B. oleracea var. italica X D. tenuifolia, D. tenuifolia x B. napus, D. tenuifolia. X M. arvensis and D. tenuifolia X S. Loeselli. The present findings show that in‐vitro pollination of ovules of various species of Brassicaceae makes it possible to (a) perform the whole process of fertilization and embryogenesis; and (b) obtain intergeneric hybrid embryos.
Comparative Morphological Studies of Microspore Derived and F2 Plants Obtained from an Interspecific Rice Hybrid Oryza sativa Linn. ×O. rufipogon Griff.)*
Authors: Rout J. R. , Sarma N. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnther culture of an interspecific rice hybrid from a cross of Oryza sativa× O. rufipogon was attempted. Of the 117 regenerated pollen clones, 56 could survive to maturity. A majority of these were either haploids or doubled haploids and very few turned out to be chromosomal variants. Comparative study of doubled haploids and the seed derived F2 plants indicate the distinct advantages of anther culture techniques. (1) Androgenic plants, though few in number, showed greater ariation for all the traits with the exception of ear bearing tillers. (2) Predominance of recombinants with wild traits was observed in F2 segregation. (3) It was possible to recover indica type recombinants among the anther‐derived plants with one or two traits introgressed from O. rufipogon. These results suggest the feasibility and utility of anther culture in distant hybridization for incorporation of alien variation into cultivated rice.
Genetic Variation in Alfalfa, Sweet Clover and Fenugreek for the Activity of Symbiosis with Rhizobium meliloti
Authors: Provorov Nicolai A. , Simarov Boris V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe aim of this work was to examine variation for activity of symbiosis with Rhizobium meliloti in alfalfa, sweet clover and fenugreek. Seed specimens were obtained from the collection of the All‐Union Research Institute for Plant Breeding and Rhizobium strains from the All‐Union Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, both in Leningrad. Sterile methods of vegetative culture were employed. Statistical analysis of data on inter‐ and intracultivar variation allow one to suppose that in alfalfa and sweet clover, nitrogenase activity and symbiotic efficiency (ability of plants to increase biomass after inoculation) are controlled by different groups of genes. The latter symbiotic property is more strictly controlled by host genotype than the former. Fenugreek appeared to be more variable in its capacity for symbiosis than alfalfa and sweet clover. Differences between genotyyes in symbiotic activity correlate with division into subspecies and are inherited in self‐fertile progeny of fenugreek plants. Differences between R. meliloti strains for the efficiency of symbiosis with heterogceic natural fenugreek population are expressed to a lesser degree than with plants of more homogenic cultivar populations.
Utilization of Intervarietal Chromosome Substitutions in Breeding Winter Wheat
Authors: Meinel A. , Holldorf A. , Jakuszeit C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUsing monosomic lines of wheat cultivars ‘Palur’ and ‘Compal’ as recipient parents as well as disomic substitution lines of chromosomes 5A and 5D of the wheat cv. ‘Atlas 66’, F3‐populations and BC1′‐ to BC3′‐populations with limited and free recombination of the 20 and 21 parental chromosomes, respectively, were realized and tested in field trials in comparison to the corresponding recipient cvs. ‘Palur’ and ‘Compal’. F3‐ and BC'‐populations with the homozygous chromosomes 5A and 5D of the wheat cv. ‘Atlas 66’ expressed higher and more stable grain protein values than the comparable populations with free recombination of the same chromosomes. The grain protein content of populations with limited recombination was significantly increased compared with the recipient cultivars. Some advantages of using intervarietal substitutions in wheat breeding are discussed.
Effective Diploidization of Microspore‐Derived Haploids of Rape (Brassica napus L.) by In Vitro Colchicine Treatment
Authors: Mathias Regine , Röbbelen G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA technique for the in vitro colchicine treatment of microspore‐derived haploids of rape (Brassica napus L.) is presented. This allows effective and time‐saving chromosome doubling. The most effective method consists of an application of 50 mg/1 colchicine in a liquid B5 medium to the rooted micro‐spore‐derived plantlets for 4–8 days. By this treatment more than 50 % of the plants developed at least diploid sectors. A change of medium after some days may even increase this diploidization rate.
Breeding Potential of Root Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum)
Authors: Frese L. , Dambroth M. , Bramm A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the breeding potential of the inulin‐containing root chicory which has potential as a new industrial crop. Polycross families and reference varieties were grown in field experiments at 3 locations to assess their performance and the amount of variation available for breeding. Significant variation between polycross families for all characters except for glucose content and the ratio total sugar/dry matter content was observed. Compared to ‘Fredonia’, 12 out of 72 polycross families gave between 15 % and 24 % more total sugar yield. Preliminary estimates for the heritability of two yield components were calculated by means of the parent‐offspring regression analysis. Additive genetic variance seems to determine the inheritance of fructose and total sugar content. All findings suggest that the total sugar yield of root chicory can be considerably increased by breeding.