bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Loading of Two Implants Supporting a Ball Attachment‐Retained Mandibular Overdenture: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Marzola Riccardo , Scotti Roberto , Fazi Giovanni , Schincaglia Gian Pietro 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  A prospective clinical study was conducted to evaluate clinically and radiographically the performance of two implants immediately loaded supporting a ball attachment‐retained mandibular overdenture.Materials and Methods:  Seventeen completely edentulous patients were included in the study. Each patient received two implants inserted after a minimal flap reflection and no vestibular extension in order to reduce the postoperative swelling and facilitate immediate prosthesis connection. After implant placement, a mandibular complete denture was connected to the implants using ball attachments of appropriate height according to the depth of the peri‐implant tissue. Patients were asked not to remove the denture for 1 week. No limitations to chewing function were given. At implant placement, the maximum value of insertion torque was recorded. Patients were examined at 1, 2, 4, 12, and 52 weeks postsurgery. At postoperative visit, occlusion was checked and the need for any prosthesis maintenance was recorded. The radiographic bone level (RBL) change was measured on periapical radiographs at baseline and 12 months after loading.Results:  After 12 months of loading, no implant failure was reported and the survival rate was 100%. Average RBL change was 0.7 mm ± 0.5 mm. Of the 17 cases, two had major prosthetic complications and five patients required minor extra maintenance appointments.Conclusions:  The immediate loading of two implants by means of ball attachment‐retained mandibular complete denture may be a predictable treatment option. This clinical approach offers increased stability and comfort, while keeping a high implant success rate.
The Staggered Installation of Dental Implants and Its Effect on Bone Stresses
Authors: Abu‐Hammad Osama , Khraisat Ameen , Dar‐Odeh Najla , Jagger Daryll C. , Hammerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTPurpose:  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of offsetting the middle or peripheral implant on the compressive stress values in the crestal bone around the neck of the dental implant.Materials and Methods:  Three finite element models describing three titanium implants installed in quadrilateral pieces of bone was executed. A 2‐mm nickel chromium superstructure representing a bridge was modeled over the implant abutments. In model 1, implants were installed along a straight line. Model 2 had the middle implant installed outside the line connecting the two peripheral implants buccally. Model 3 had the mesial implant installed out of alignment. Six 100‐N loads were modeled on top of the mesial and middle implants of the three models individually. Loads 1 and 2 were directed vertically on the mesial and middle implants, while loads 3 and 4 represented the horizontal loads in the buccal direction. Loads 5 and 6 were directed mesially on the mesial and central implants. Maximal compressive stress levels in the crestal bone of the three models were then investigated.Results:  The results demonstrated that offset implant installation revealed slightly lower bone stresses under buccally or lingually directed horizontal forces. Slightly higher bone stresses under vertical loads were observed. Horizontal mesial or distal loads resulted in slightly higher bone stresses than those caused by buccal or lingual loading.Conclusions:  The in‐line implant alignment clearly had the safest compressive stress outcome on the surrounding structure under vertical loads. Under buccolingual loads, implant alignment with peripheral offset would have, relatively, the safest compressive stress outcome on bone.
Expression and characterization of α‐glucosidase III in the dwarf honeybee, Apis florea (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae)
Authors: CHANCHAO CHANPEN , PADOONGSUPALAI RUMPALAI , SANGVANICH POLKIT 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAlpha‐glucosidase is synthesized in the hypopharyngeal glands located in the head of worker bees including Apis florea. To analyze the developmental stage‐specific expression of the α‐glucosidase gene in A. florea, total RNA was isolated from eggs, and the heads of nurse and forager bees. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), it was shown that the highest expression levels of the α‐glucosidase III gene, in the three examined developmental stadia, were found in forager bees, with much lower expression levels in nurse bees and no detectable expression in eggs. A complete α‐glucosidase III cDNA was obtained by RT‐PCR and sequenced. The 1 701 bp cDNA nucleotide sequence and the predicted 567 amino acids it encodes were assayed by BLASTn, BLASTp and BLASTx programs and revealed a 95% and 94% similarity to the A. melliferaα‐glucosidase III gene at the DNA and amino acid sequence levels, respectively. For purification of the active encoded enzyme, forager bee heads were homogenized in sodium phosphate buffer solution and the crude extract (0.30 U/mg) sequentially precipitated with 95% saturated ammonium sulfate (0.18 U/mg), and purified by DEAE cellulose ion exchange chromatography (0.17 U/mg), and gel filtration on Superdex 200 (0.52 U/mg). After resolution through sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a single enzymically active band (73 kDa) was identified from renatured substrate gels. Excision of this band, elution of the protein and tryptic peptide digestives identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) revealed six matching masses to the A. mellifera (Q17958) and predicted A. floreaα‐glucosidase III protein with 12% coverage, supporting the probable purification of the same α‐glucosidase III protein as that encoded by the cloned cDNA.
Influence of physical and chemical factors during foraging and culture of the symbiont fungus in Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: VERZA SANDRA S. , FORTI LUIZ C. , LOPES JULIANE F. S. , CAMARGO ROBERTO S. , MATOS CARLOS A. O. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of physical and chemical factors on transport and use of substrate for Atta sexdens rubropilosa workers. Three types of rectangular fragments were used to study the physical influence factors: filter paper with paraffin, filter paper without paraffin and polyester film. To study the chemical factors, some fragments were impregnated with organic extract of orange albedo, others were soaked with soybean oil and for the remaining ones nothing was applied. The following parameters were evaluated: (i) attractiveness of substrate for transport and number of loading workers per treatment; (ii) foraged material incorporation; (iii) rejection by numbers of fragments deposited in the garbage or beside the fungus garden. All the polyester film fragments carried out to the fungus garden were subsequently rejected. We verified that chemical factors of the substrate were more quickly detected by the workers, whereas physical factors were used as a criterion in the decision‐making to reject or accept the substrate collected.
Temperature‐dependent development of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on two brassicaceous host plants
Authors: GOLIZADEH ALI , KAMALI KARIM , FATHIPOUR YAGHOUB , ABBASIPOUR HABIB 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the development of the Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), was evaluated at eight constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32.5 and 35°C), with relative humidity of 65% and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) hours on two host plants, cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis and cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata. The low temperature threshold was estimated to be 7.06°C and 7.84°C and the thermal constant was 263.74 and 261.58 degree‐days for P. xylostella on cauliflower and cabbage, respectively, using the linear model. Data were fitted to various nonlinear temperature‐dependent models, and the low and high temperature thresholds, as well as the optimum temperature for development, has been estimated. Criteria of choice from the literature were used to evaluate models and to select the most suitable equation for P. xylostella development on each host plant. Conclusively, linear and Briere‐2 models are recommended for the description of temperature‐dependent development of P. xylostella on two host plants.
Effects of the susceptibility of rice varieties to Sogatella furcifera on nymphal development and reproduction of Microvelia horvathi through a food chain
Authors: XIAO TIE‐GUANG , TANG JIANG‐XIA 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe effects of four rice varieties highly susceptible (‘Xiang‐Zao‐Xian31’ and ‘Jia‐Yu164’), moderately susceptible (‘Wei‐You402’), and resistant (‘Zhu‐Liang‐You02’) to the whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera on the nymphal development, reproduction and survival of Microvelia horoathi were investigated through a food chain using Sogatella furcifera as herbivore prey. Significant longer nymphal developmental time were observed in the 1st, 4th, 5th instar and whole nymphal stage of M. horvathi raised on S. furcifera fed ‘ZLY02’ and ‘WY402’ than those of the other two varieties. M. horvathi raised on S. furcifera fed resistant ‘ZLY02’ showed a significant lower survival of whole nymphal stage than those fed other three susceptible varieties. Moreover, M. horvathi raised on S. furcifera fed resistant ‘ZLY02’ had shorter female longevity and lower lifetime fecundity than those of on susceptible ‘XZX31’. Our results suggest that the S. furcifera‐resistant rice variety ‘ZLY02’ had a negative effect on the growth and development of the predator M. horvathi through a food chain.
Analysis of forestry impacts and biodiversity in two Pyrenean forests through a comparison of moth communities (Lepidoptera, Heterocera)
Authors: LUQUE CARINE , GERS CHARLES , LAUGA JACQUES , MARIANO NESTOR , WINK MICHAEL , LEGAL LUC 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have compared the biodiversity variations in moth communities between unmanaged forests and commercial forests in a mountainous environment (Pyrenees France). The aim was to evaluate the impact of forestry activities on moth diversity. The data collected from the insects were analysed with a Bayesian specific similarity index (noted SSP index) and by statistical biodiversity indexes comparison. It was seen that diversity and richness were decreased in the plantation compared to the unmanaged forest. Interestingly, the composition of the communities of moths was shown to be not only related to the presence/absence of host plants, but also to be in relation with changes in the differences in forest architecture (i.e. the relative coverage by the different vegetation levels). However, the moth community in the commercial forest still has a high capacity to converge with the moth community present in more natural forests. We report here a list of 177 species of moths, providing information on the distribution of some uncommon species, poorly studied as yet in the Pyrenees.
Development of setal patterns in embryonic and adult aphids of the Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: JIANG LI‐YUN , QIAO GE‐XIA , ZHANG GUANG‐XUE 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe elementary traits and diversity of embryonic setal patterns of 31 species of 22 genera, in three tribes of Hormaphidinae are studied. The embryonic setal patterns to every species are provided. Based on the parsimony principle and the developmental principle, these patterns are analyzed in each tribe following the terminology of Richards (1965). It is suggested that the setal patterns of abdominal tergites are the most important characters in embryonic and adult setal patterns. In conclusion, neoteny is a phylogenetic trend in the Hormaphidinae. Nipponaphidini and Hormaphidini have more typical neoteny in each genus and more diversity in different types of adult viviparous females than Cerataphidini, by showing more frequent and various protopatterns or mesopatterns.
Detection of broad 21-cm absorption at zabs = 0.656 in the complex sight-line towards 3C 336
Authors: Curran S. J. , Tzanavaris P. , Murphy M. T. , Webb J. K. , Pihlström Y. M. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
We report the detection of 21-cm absorption at zabs= 0.656 towards 1622 + 238 (3C336). The line is very broad with a full width to half-maximum of 235 km s−1, giving a velocity-integrated optical depth of . The centroid of the line is offset from that of the known damped Lyman α absorption system (DLA) by 50 km s−1, and if the Lyman α and 21-cm absorption are due to the same gas, we derive a spin temperature of Ts≤ 60 K, which would be the lowest yet in a DLA. The wide profile, which is over four times wider than that of any other DLA, supports the hypothesis that the hydrogen absorption is occurring either in the disc of a large underluminous spiral or in a group of dim unidentified galaxies, associated with the single object which has been optically identified at this redshift.
The Magellanic squall: gas replenishment from the Small to the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Bekki Kenji , Chiba Masashi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
We first show that a large amount of metal-poor gas is stripped from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and falls into the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) during the tidal interaction between the SMC, the LMC and the Galaxy over the last 2 Gyr. We propose that this metal-poor gas can closely be associated with the origin of the LMC's young and intermediate-age stars and star clusters with distinctively low metallicities with [Fe/H]&lt; −0.6. We numerically investigate whether gas initially in the outer part of the SMC's gas disc can be stripped during the LMC–SMC–Galaxy interaction and consequently can pass through the central region (R &lt; 7.5 kpc) of the LMC. We find that about 0.7 and 18 per cent of the SMC's gas could have passed through the central region of the LMC about 1.3 Gyr ago and 0.2 Gyr ago, respectively. The possible mean metallicity of the replenished gas from the SMC to LMC is about [Fe/H]=−0.9 to −1.0 for the two interacting phases, if a steep metallicity gradient of the SMC's gas disc is assumed. These results imply that the LMC can temporarily replenish gas supplies through the sporadic accretion and infall of metal-poor gas from the SMC. They furthermore imply that if this gas from the SMC can collide with gas in the LMC to form new stars in the LMC, the metallicities of the stars can be significantly lower than those of stars formed from gas initially within the LMC.
XMM-Newton unveils the type 2 nature of the BLRG 3C 445
Authors: Grandi Paola , Guainazzi Matteo , Cappi Massimo , Ponti Gabriele 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
We present an observation of XMM–Newton that unambiguously reveals the ‘Seyfert 2’ nature of the broad line radio galaxy 3C 445. For the first time the soft excess of this source has been resolved. It consists of unobscured scattered continuum flux and emission lines, likely produced in a warm photoionized gas near the pole of an obscuring torus. The presence of circumnuclear (likely stratified) matter is supported by the complex obscuration of the nuclear region. 70 per cent of the nuclear radiation (first component) is indeed obscured by a column density ∼4 × 1023cm−2, and 30 per cent (second component) is filtered by ∼7 × 1022cm−2. The first component is nuclear radiation directly observed by transmission through the thicker regions. The second one is of more uncertain nature. If the observer has a deep view into the nucleus but near the edge of the torus, it could be light scattered by the inner wall of the torus and/or by photoionized gas within the broad line region observed through the thinner rim of the circumnuclear matter.
MEASURING OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF STRUCTURED LIPIDS BY PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: NAMAL SENANAYAKE S.P.J. , SHAHIDI FEREIDOON 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT The oxidative stability of enzymatically modified oils (structured lipids) and their unmodified counterparts were assessed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. This methodology was used to monitor relative changes in the proton absorption pattern of the fatty acids of oils during storage at 60C. Relative changes of aliphatic to olefinic (Rao) and aliphatic to diallylmethylene (Rad) proton ratios during oil oxidation were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. An increase in Rao and Rad values was obtained over the entire storage period. The oxidative stability of oils was also evaluated using conjugated dienes (CD) determination, 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and headspace volatile analysis. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.930–0.992; P ≤ 0.005) existed between the CD values and changes in Rao and Rad during oxidation of all oils. The correlation coefficient between TBARS and changes in Rao and Rad values was in the range of 0.779–0.983 (P ≤ 0.05). A high correlation (r = 0.948–0.996; P ≤ 0.005) was found between hexanal content and Rao and Rad of oils. Propanal content was also highly correlated (r = 0.950–0.990; P ≤ 0.005) with Rao and Rad.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAssessment of the extent of lipid oxidation in food is of much interest to producers and scientists alike. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides a valuable tool for quantitation of oxidation of food lipids. This procedure was used for evaluating the oxidative state of structured lipids. The procedure is rapid and nondestructive, requires a small amount of material, and may be considered as “green” because it uses a very minimum amount of solvent and is readily applicable to edible oils and oils extracted from food and biological samples.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FATTY ACID CONTENT OF BUFFALO CHEESE FROM NORTHWEST ARGENTINA: EFFECT ON LIPID COMPOSITION OF MICE TISSUES
Authors: VAN NIEUWENHOVE CARINA , CANO PAOLA GAUFFIN , CHAIA ADRIANA PÉREZ , GONZÁLEZ SILVIA 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT Chemical properties, long chain fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of buffalo cheese were determined. Good nutritional properties were observed in cheese, showing 11.5% of protein, 18.3% of fat and 30.5% of dry matter. Saturated fatty acid content was 65.6%, monounsaturated fatty acid was 31.8% and polyunsaturated was 2.6%. Stearic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids were the major fatty acids (FAs) present in milk and cheese. Values slightly higher of CLA were determined in cheese (4.5 and 5.2 mg/g of fat, respectively), being cis‐9,trans‐11, the predominant isomer. Mice provided with cheese showed higher CLA levels in fat tissues than animals from the control group. The cis‐9,trans‐11 isomer was incorporated into lipid tissues in great proportion than trans‐10,cis‐12. Total FA content was higher in mice fed cheese, but polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic + linolenic + CLA) in tissues was similar (0.6 mg/g of tissue) in all groups.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBuffalo milk products are widely consumed in Europe, especially as mozzarella cheese. In Northwest Argentina, buffalo was recently introduced for milk production, and no studies are available about chemical characteristics and fatty acid content of cheeses. The nutritional importance of many fatty acids, such as trans, has been widely stressed in recent years. Among this, conjugated linoleic adics (CLAs)] seem to have many biological effects on health, such as anticarcinogenic properties. Studies on CLA content in foods are being carried out as a way to offer to consumers the best source of this fatty acid. In the present study we demonstrated that buffalo milk and cheese represents a good source of CLA for humans, having as a major isomer the cis9, trans11. Its consumption affects the CLA incorporation into many tissues, offering cheese a higher CLA concentration than milk.
APPLICATION OF ANTIOXIDANTS DURING SHORT‐PATH DISTILLATION OF STRUCTURED LIPIDS
Authors: TIMM‐HEINRICH MAIKE , XU XUEBING , NIELSEN NINA SKALL , JACOBSEN CHARLOTTE 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT A specific structured lipid was produced from sunflower oil and caprylic acid. The antioxidative effect of adding α‐tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate or citric acid (each in three different concentrations) was investigated before and after the purification process (short‐path distillation), and was compared with a control without addition of antioxidant. The oxidative status and stability were characterized by peroxide and anisidine values, secondary volatile oxidation products and induction period. The antioxidants affected the oxidative status compared with the control: citric acid was prooxidative at low concentrations, but antioxidative at high concentrations. Addition of ascorbyl palmitate had an antioxidative effect at all concentrations employed. α‐Tocopherol showed less antioxidative activity compared with ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid, and its efficacy was slightly decreased with increasing concentration. Combinations of citric acid with ascorbyl palmitate were tested in a later part of the study. No additive or synergistic effect was found between citric acid and ascorbyl palmitate. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSProduction of structured lipids (SLs) provides unique possibilities to design fats that can meet specific nutritional requirements. The desirednutritional quality of the lipid may be negatively influenced by production parameters, e.g., due to oxidation. Addition of antioxidants before purification of the lipid, as described in the present article, can improve the oxidative status of the final product compared with a product devoid of added antioxidants. This is also known from the deodorization process. The storage stability of the SL and its nutritional quality is therefore expected to be considerably improved compared with a lipid to which no antioxidant is added.
RANCIMAT TEST FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF USED FRYING OILS QUALITY
Authors: FARHOOSH REZA , MOOSAVI SEYED MOHAMMAD REZA 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT The oxidative/oil stability index (OSI) of the frying oils decreased exponentially during the frying process. The slope of the linear equation obtained from the plotting of the logarithms of OSIs versus frying times, which was considered to be a measure of the rate of OSI decrease during the frying process, was significantly different for the oils. The results of the present study confirmed that the OSI determined via the Rancimat test on the original oil cannot guarantee or predict the actual frying performance of the oil, but it is considered that this method can be useful to act as a “screening” test and eliminate the possibility of introducing lower stability oils into the production area with its consequences. There was a strong correlation (r2 = 0.9949) between the OSI and the total polar compounds (TPC) of the frying oils (y = 51.01 x−0.9726). Assuming that 24% of TPC is the maximum level permitted in frying oils, the OSI of a used frying oil should be≥2.32 h. There was a power relationship (y = 120.9 x−1.0423) between the OSI and carbonyl value (CV) with a high determination coefficient (r2 = 0.9856). Assuming that 50 µmol/g of CV is the maximum level permitted in frying oils, the OSI of a used frying oil should be≥2.05 h.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn addition to act as a “screening” test for eliminating the posibility of introducing lower stability oils into the production area with its consequences, the Rancimat test, which is considered to be a rapid, inexpensive, easy to use and reproducible method, could provide information on when to discard used frying oil. This can be interesting for fats and oils researchers, R&D groups, quality control laboratories and quality auditing organizations.