bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled wound repair in guinea pigs, using antimicrobials that alter fibroplasia
Authors: Kenyon Alan J. , Hamilton Susan G. , Douglas Diane M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The repair processes of incised wounds depend, in part, on fibroplasia induced by soluble mediators from monocytic macrophages. Two topical antimicrobials were evaluated, each of which effectively controlled wound sepsis and yet each had widely different effects on fibroplasia and wound strength. Paired-incision dermal wounds on the flanks of guinea pigs were treated with a substance containing reactive chlorine (Alcide) or with a compound that is a mixture of two surfactants. One side of each guinea pig was treated with one of the antimicrobials (treated wounds); the opposite side was treated with isotonic saline solution (control wounds). At 7, 10, and 16 days after surgery, tensiometric measurements of C31G (a surfactant)-treated wounds were 99%, 139%, and 195% of control wound values, respectively. Alcide-treated wounds were 76%, 58%, and 88% of control wounds, respectively. Wounds treated with Chlorhexidine had reduced strength at 7 days (73%) and at 10 days (78%), but by 14 days, they were similar to control wounds (94%). The main difference between the wounds was the amount of collagen formation. Alcide-treated wounds incorporated < 50% of the amount of 14C-proline than did the wounds treated with C31G. However, Alcide-treated wounds epithelialized as rapidly as did control wounds, and had minimal scar formation. Microscopic evaluations indicated greatly reduced inflammatory infiltrates in Alcide-treated wounds, indicating that reduced wound strength may be associated with lack of fibroblast-stimulating activity by monocytes.
Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from canine pyodermas
Authors: Medleau Linda , Long Richard E. , Brown John , Miller William H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Specimens obtained from pyogenic skin lesions of 210 dogs were culturally examined for staphylococci. A total of 215 isolates of staphylococci were biotyped, using the biochemical tests contained in a commercial staphylococcal identification system. Of 201 coagulase-positive isolates, 197 were identified as Staphylococcus intermedius, 3 as S aureus, and 1 as S hyicus. Of 14 coagulase-negative isolates, 5 were identified as S epidermidis, 5 as S xylosus, 3 as S simulons, and 1 as S hominis.
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done on all staphylococcal isolates, using the standard disk-diffusion method. Staphylococcus intermedius isolates were susceptible to cephalothin, methicillin, and gentamicin. Resistance to ampicillin, penicillin G, and tetracycline was frequent. Antibiotic resistance was not associated with the depth of skin infection. Resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was not associated with previous antibiotic use. Increased resistance to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and erythromycin was associated with previous antibiotic therapy. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the other Staphylococcus species isolated are reported, but the small numbers of these species precluded making meaningful comparison with S intermedius.
Mineral and amino acid composition of beef cattle hooves
Authors: Hidiroglou M. , Williams C. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-three Hereford × Shorthorn cattle were used to evaluate the effects of seasonal and dietary changes on the mineral composition (Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and S) of hooves. A seasonal pattern was found in the Ca, Mg, and Zn composition of hooves in the 12 cattle evaluated in 1982 and in the 11 cattle evaluated in 1983, with the concentrations of 3 minerals decreasing in winter when dietary change did not occur. Copper concentrations significantly decreased during the 1st year (1982) and had a tendency to decrease during the 2nd year. During the 1983 pasturing season, when effects of seasonal vs dietary change could not be distinguishable, hoof concentrations of Ca and Mg decreased, whereas the inverse trend was observed for Cu and Zn. Seasonal patterns for hoof concentrations of S were not found. Results of mineral analysis of hooves indicated strong correlations between calcium and the other minerals (except S), and between Zn and Cu. Amino acid analyses of hooves of the 11 cattle in 1983 indicated differences in their composition related to dietary changes (winter feeding vs pasture) or to management.
Canine Dirofilaria immitis infection in a hyperenzootic area: Examination by parasitologic findings at necropsy and by two serodiagnostic methods
Authors: Grieve Robert B. , Glickman Lawrence T. , Bater Alan K. , Mika-Grieve Marcia , Thomas Chester B. , Patronek Gary J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 174 dogs from an area hyperenzootic for Dirofilaria immitis were grouped into 4 age categories and necropsied; information was obtained on adult D immitis infections and on the presence of microfilariae. Serum samples from these dogs were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibody to adult D immitis and by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for antibody to microfilarial surface antigens.
In dogs ≥ 5 months of age, necropsy demonstrated no evidence of infection; however, positive serologic results indicated that some of these dogs had prepatent infections. The percentage of dogs with elisa titers (positive) increased with age, as did the percentage of dogs with adult D immitis infections. The ifat results were positive in some dogs in each age category.
Sera from all 29 dogs with occult infections were positive by elisa. Sera from 6 of 20 dogs with occult dual-sex heartworm infections and 1 of 9 dogs with occult single-sex heartworm infections were positive by ifat. For diagnosing occult dirofilariasis, the elisa had a positive predictive value which increased with age of the dog to a maximum of 65.0% in dogs ≥ 12 months of age; elisa had a negative predictive value of 100% in all age groups. In contrast, positive and negative predictive values for the ifat decreased with age of the dog to 60% and 37.5%, respectively, in dogs ≥ 12 months of age.
Continuous-flow centrifugation hemapheresis in the horse
Authors: Gordon B. J. , Latimer K. S. , Murray C. M. , Moore J. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a continuous-flow centrifugation apheresis technique adapted for blood-component separation and collection in horses, hydroxyethyl starch was not required for erythrocyte sedimentation.
The efficacy and separation characteristics of whole blood from 10 horses were evaluated at various gravitational forces (700 to 1,500 rpm), using a constant withdrawal rate (100 ml/min). Maximum leukocyte collection occurred at 700 rpm (P < 0.01), and optimal neutrophil collection occurred at 700 to 750 rpm (P < 0.01). Although neutrophil counts decreased and lymphocyte counts remained constant at higher rpm settings, an optimal rpm range could not be determined for lymphocyte collection. Peak platelet collection occurred at 1,500 rpm.
The response of whole blood from 5 horses was evaluated at lower (500 to 700 rpm) and higher (1,400 to 2,200 rpm) centrifuge speeds. A constant whole blood withdrawal rate of 100 ml/min and a leukocyte collection rate of 3 ml/min were maintained. The optimal rpm settings were determined and compared with values obtained from the 10 horses. Significant differences (P < 0.01) did not exist between maximum numbers of leukocytes collected at low and high speeds. There was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in neutrophils and a concomitant increase in the numbers of lymphocytes recovered at the higher rpm. Platelet yields increased as rpm was increased to 2,000.
Scanning electron microscopy of bovine corneas irradiated with sun lamps and challenge exposed with Moraxella bovis
Authors: Vogelweid C. M. , Miller R. B. , Berg J. N. , Kinden D. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of uv radiation and irradiation followed by challenge exposure with Moraxella bovis on the corneal epithelium were studied in 6 calves by scanning electron microscopy. After UV irradiation, the number of dark cells comprising the surface epithelium increased. Many epithelial cells were in various states of degeneration and were characterized initially by large round nuclei, whereas sloughing and peeling were characteristic of the last degenerative stage. All M bovis-infected irradiated eyes had large numbers of degenerating cells, deep epithelial defects, fibrin strands, surface inflammatory cells, and debris. A few M bovis organisms were randomly attached to the cornea before visible ulceration. There were many inflammatory cells between the ulcerated corneal epithelium and adjacent nonulcerated epithelium. Epithelial cells at the margin of the ulcer appeared swollen. Light, dark, and intermediate epithelial cell types could not be distinguished peripheral to the ulcer.
Malignant lymphoma in a Sinclair miniature pig
Authors: Skavlen Patricia A. , Stills Harold F. , Caldwell Charles W. , Middleton Charles C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Malignant lymphoma was diagnosed in a 3-year-old, male Sinclair(S-1) miniature pig with acute anorexia, depression, fever, and markedly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. Results of an initial hemogram indicated a leukocyte count of 121,489 cells/mm3. Most of the leukocytes were mononuclear cells of various sizes, nuclear chromatin pattern, number of nucleoli, amount of cytoplasm, and amount of staining. Cytochemical staining and flow cytometric evaluation of the leukocytes indicated a large number of hypodiploid lymphoblasts in the peripheral blood. Gross necropsy findings included enlargement of all lymph nodes, a pale liver, and multifocal pale areas scattered throughout the kidneys. Microscopic examination indicated massive infiltration of abnormal lymphoid cells into most major organs and complete loss of normal morphologic features of all lymph nodes.
Myocardial ultrastructural alterations in ducklings with isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicosis
Authors: Okerberg Carlin V. , Van Vleet John F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifty-two, 8-week-old, male White Pekin ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were allotted into control (n = 7) and isoproterenol-injected groups (n = 45). One control duck and 5 to 7 isoproterenol-injected (200 mg/kg of body weight) ducklings were euthanatized at postinjection hours (pih) 1, 12, and 24 and at postinjection days (pid) 2, 4, 7, and 14. The left ventricular myocardium was examined, using electron microscopy. The earliest ultrastructural alteration in damaged myocytes was myofibrillar lysis at pih 12. At pih 24, affected myocytes had necrosis with mineralization of mitochondria. By pid 2, macrophages had invaded into areas of myocardial necrosis, mineralization was prominent in myocyte mitochondria, and dedifferentiated myocytes with reduced numbers of myofibrils, increased numbers of polysomes, large nuclei, and prominent nucleoli were first observed. The primary myocardial finding at pid 4, 7, and 14 was 2 populations of sublethally damaged myocytes. One population of injured myocytes had numerous polysomes in the sarcoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli, indicating attempts at repair of myofibrillar damage. The 2nd population of myocytes with myofibrillar lysis did not have morphologic evidence of myofibrillar repair. Therefore, the sequential ultrastructural alterations of damage and repair induced by isoproterenol in the duckling myocardium provided a model for comparative studies of cardiotoxicity.
Guinea pig erythrocyte rosette formation as a nonspecific cell surface receptor assay in the cat
Authors: Wellman Maxey L. , Kociba Gary J. , Rojko Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The specificity of guinea pig erythrocyte (gpe) rosettes for feline peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. Of the gpe rosette-positive cells from peripheral blood, 54% were monocytes, 29% were granulocytes, and only 17% were lymphocytes. Results were similar for rosettes incubated at 4 C and those incubated at 37 C.
Mononuclear cells separated with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica formed fewer monocyte rosettes (49%) and more granulocyte rosettes (34%) than did cells separated with sodium diatrizoate-Ficoll (60% monocyte rosettes and 18% granulocyte rosettes), whereas the percentage of lymphocyte rosettes was similar for both media. Mononuclear cells suspended in Eagle's minimum essential medium had a higher percentage of monocyte rosettes (75%) and a lower percentage of granulocyte rosettes (12%) than did cells suspended in RPMI 1640 medium (59% monocyte rosettes and 27% granulocyte rosettes). The percentage of lymphocyte rosettes was similar in the 2 media. Two sequential 45-minute plastic adherent cell depletions decreased monocyte rosettes to 51% and increased lymphocyte rosettes to 23% compared with 63% monocyte rosettes and 12% lymphocyte rosettes before adherent cell depletion. The granulocyte rosettes were unchanged by plastic adherent cell depletion.
The percentage of rosette-positive cells (9%) was not significantly affected by incubation at 4 C or 37 C, cell separation with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica or lymphocyte separation medium, or suspension in Eagle's minimum essential medium or RPMI 1640 medium. Plastic adherent cell depletion decreased the percentage of rosette-positive cells.
Feline thymocytes were 38% to 80% gpe rosette-positive and a feline leukemia virus-infected lymphoblastic cell line (F422) was 88% gpe rosette-positive. Although a high percentage of thymocytes and cultured feline leukemia virus-infected lympho-blasts may be gpe-receptor positive, gpe receptors were not specific for peripheral blood T cells in the cat.
Effects of sodium dichloroacetate in awake, healthy, Yucatan miniature swine
Authors: Weingand Kurt W. , Fettman Martin J. , Phillips Robert W. , Hand Michael S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four healthy, fully conscious, 50- to 80-kg Yucatan miniature swine were fitted with carotid artery and jugular, portal, and hepatic vein catheters and hepatic artery and portal vein flow cuffs to determine transhepatic kinetics and insulin secretion. Three days later, after a 3-hour control period, the pigs were given iv sodium dichloroacetate (30 mg/kg of body weight as a bolus and 30 mg/kg/hr, as an infusion) for 6 hours.
Arterial lactate concentrations decreased during the dichloroacetate infusion, but pyruvate concentrations were unaltered. The whole body rate of appearance and disappearance of glucose decreased, but plasma glucose concentrations did not change markedly. Limb skin surface temperatures increased, indicating a peripheral vasodilatory effect. Dichloroacetate had little effect on mean arterial pressure and hepatosplanchnic blood flow. Dichloroacetate may be effective as a hypolactatemic agent for lactic acidosis in pigs.
Effectiveness of oxfendazole against early and later 4th-stage Strongylus vulgaris in ponies
Authors: Slocombe J. O. D. , McCraw B. M. , Pennock P. , Ducharme N. G. , Baird J. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty pony foals (reared worm free), 6.5 to 10 weeks of age, were inoculated with Strongylus vulgaris and allocated to 5 groups, each with 4 foals. One week after inoculation, 1 group of 4 foals was given oxfendazole (ofz) at a dosage rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight, another group was given 2 such treatments 48 hours apart, and a 3rd group was given a placebo. All treatments were administered by stomach tube. Three weeks later, foals were euthanatized and necropsied in a test for efficacy against early 4th-stage larvae. Oxfendazole was 80% and 94.9% effective against early 4th-stage S vulgaris with 1 and 2 doses, respectively. A 4th group of 4 foals was given 2 treatments of ofz, 48 hours apart, about 8 weeks after inoculation, and a 5th group was given a placebo. These foals were euthanatized and necropsied 5 weeks after treatment in a test for efficacy against later 4th-stage larvae. Two doses of ofz were 96.6% effective against later 4th-stage larvae.
Safety of a temperature-sensitive vaccine strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus in pregnant cows
Authors: Lobmann M. , Charlier P. , Klaassen C. L. , Zygraich N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Safety tests were conducted in 78 pregnant cows vaccinated with a commercial preparation of a temperature-sensitive vaccine strain of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus. After vaccination, seroconversion was detected in 33 (97%) of 34 cattle that did not have antibodies against bvd virus. Overall, 43 (91%) of 47 cows with prevaccination titers ≤ 4 seroconverted. During the test period, cows did not become naturally infected with bvd virus, and bvd-associated reactions to the vaccine were not observed in vaccinated cows. Calves born to vaccinated cows did not have clinical signs of fetal bvd. Precolostral blood samples collected from the progeny of cows that were seronegative at vaccination were free of antibody against bvd virus. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was not isolated from the cattle evaluated in the present study.
Standardization of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for avian influenza virus antibodies in turkeys
Authors: Abraham Albert , Sivanandan V. , Halvorson D. A. , Newman J. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The signal-to-noise ratio was useful in determining the optimal dilution of rabbit anti-turkey conjugate. Optimum dilution for rabbit anti-turkey conjugate to be used in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was 1:1,000. The avian influenza virus antigen concentration was 128 hemagglutinating units (0.3 μg of protein) per well, as determined by checkerboard titration. Bovine serum albumin fraction V increased nonspecific binding of conjugate and was not used to coat the plates in subsequent tests. Using elisa, nonspecific binding to avian influenza virus-coated plates were not found with antibodies to Newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease, Salmonella, or Escherichia coli. Chromogens o-phenenediamine, and 2,2′-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benz-thiazoline sulfonic acid) were almost equal in sensitivity for detecting released oxygen from the H2O2. The substrate plate was more sensitive than was the polystyrene plate. Dual wavelength was reliable in reading elisa results.
Genotypic characterization of type-2 variants of canine adenovirus
Authors: Hamelin Claude , Jouvenne Patricia , Assaf Robert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two canine adenovirus (cav) isolates, apparently distinct from type-1 (Utrecht) and type-2 (Toronto A26/61) reference strains in their biochemical and/or immunologic properties, were submitted to DNA-restriction endonuclease analysis. Both isolates, designated IAF-81-2116 and IAF-75-95, appeared as genotypic variants of cav-2. Isolate IAF-81-2116 was recovered from the intestine of a young pup with diarrheal disease. Seemingly, relatively small changes in the original cav-2 DNA sequence allowed the virus to replicate at an unusual site in the dog.
Pharmacokinetics of minocycline hydrochloride in clinically normal and hypoproteinemic sheep
Authors: Wilson Robert C. , Green Nancy K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight adult sheep were given 2.2 mg of minocycline hydrochloride/kg of body weight iv before and after blood was collected to induce hypoproteinemia. The blood collection produced a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in pcv, hemoglobin, and total serum protein values. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the serum drug concentration vs time data was performed, using a noncompartmental model based on statistical moment theory. Pharmacokinetic values obtained from the sheep with normal serum protein were 5.94 ± 1.78 ml/kg/min for clearance, 1.32 ± 0.16 L/kg for the steady-state volume of distribution, and 3.89 ± 0.80 hours for mean residence time. Significant differences were not found in these values obtained from the sheep when they were hypoproteinemic. The effective half-life, reported as the harmonic mean, increased from 2.57 hours in sheep before blood collection to 2.91 hours in sheep when they were hypoproteinemic. The 2.2 mg of minocycline/kg administered once or twice daily would not be expected to produce adequate serum concentrations for most susceptible microorganisms. Some evidence that minocycline disposition may follow zero-order kinetics is presented.
Pharmacokinetics and body fluid and endometrial concentrations of cephapirin in mares
Authors: Brown Murray P. , Gronwall Ronald R. , Houston A. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six healthy adult horse mares were each given a single injection of sodium cephapirin (20 mg/kg of body weight, iv), and serum cephapirin concentrations were measured serially over a 6-hour period. The mean elimination rate constant was 0.78 hour−1 and the elimination half-life was 0.92 hour. The apparent volume of distribution (at steady state) and the clearance of the drug were estimated at 0.17 L/kg and 598 ml/hour/kg, respectively. Each mare was then given 4 consecutive im injections of sodium cephapirin (400 mg/ml) at a dosage level of 20 mg/kg. Cephapirin concentrations in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, csf, urine, and endometrium were measured serially. After im administration, the highest mean serum concentration was 14.8 μg/ml 25 minutes after the 4th injection. The highest mean synovial and peritoneal concentrations were 4.6 μg/ml and 5.0 μg/ml, respectively, 2 hours after the 4th injection. The highest mean endometrial concentration was 2.2 μg/g 4 hours after the 4th injection. Mean urine concentrations reached 7,421 μg/ml. Cephapirin did not readily penetrate the csf. When cephapirin was given im at the same dose, but in a less concentrated solution (250 mg/ml), serum concentrations peaked at 25.0 μg/ml 20 minutes after injection, but the area under the serum concentration-time curve was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The bioavailability of the drug was ≥ 95% after im injection.
Pathogenesis of simian AIDS in rhesus macaques inoculated with the SRV-1 strain of type D retrovirus
Authors: Maul Donald H. , Lerche Nicholas W. , Osborn Kent G. , Marx Preston A. , Zaiss Conrad , Spinner Abigail , Kluge J. D. , MacKenzie Malcolm R. , Lowenstine Linda J. , Bryant Martin L. , Blakeslee James R. , Henrickson Roy V. , Gardner Murray B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Type D retrovirus was isolated from rhesus macaques with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids) and transmitted to healthy rhesus macaques with tissue culture medium containing the virus. The clinical, immunologic, and lymph node morphologic changes were observed in 9 rhesus macaques for 52 weeks after inoculation. A spectrum of clinical signs developed including early death, persistent saids, and apparent remission. Animals that died or developed persistent saids had characteristic lymphoid depletion, persistently depressed peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) mitogenic response, and decreased serum immunoglobulins. The saids retrovirus (srv) was recovered from pbmc of 8 of the animals after inoculation. Virus could not be recovered from pbmc of one animal in remission, but this animal developed serum-neutralizing antibodies to srv after inoculation. Seven of the animals seroconverted to srv after inoculation, all 9 were seronegative for human T-lymphotropic virus-III, and 5 animals tested were seronegative to human T-lymphotropic virus-I. These findings support the etiologic role of the type D retrovirus in saids and further define the pathogenesis of this disease.