bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Techniques Used for the Production of Temporary Renal Ischaemia*
Authors: McLOUGHLIN G. A. , HEAL M. R. , TYRELL I. M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Five techniques of producing temporary renal ischaemia have been evaluated in the rat. Damage was assessed by measuring inulin clearance, change in renal cortical intracellular water and 125l‐fibrin deposition.Continuous renal artery occlusion produces significantly less renal damage than the other techniques commonly used.
An Assessment of Computerised Isotopic Renal Section Scanning
Authors: STEYN J. H. , MacDONALD A. F. , KEYES W. I. , BAYLISS A. P. , TOWLER J. M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The basic non‐invasive investigation of renal space occupying lesions by excretion pyelography was coupled with ultrasonic scanning.Forty‐one patients who have undergone isotopic section scanning as part of their investigative assessment were studied.The conditions investigated included solitary cysts, polycystic kidneys, renal tumours, tumefactive xanthomatous pyelonephritis, renal infarct and non‐functioning kidneys. An analysis of the accuracy of isotopic section scanning in these different pathological states was made.Computerised isotopic section renal scanning offers a new non‐invasive renal investigative technique.
Risk Factors in Calcium Stone Disease of the Urinary Tract
Authors: ROBERTSON W. G. , PEACOCK M. , HEYBURN P. J. , MARSHALL D. H. , CLARK P. B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The concept that calcium stone formation may be explained on the basis of a number of risk factors is developed. The main risk factors involved are shown to be calcium, oxalate, pH, acid mucopolysaccharides and uric acid.A method is described for calculating and combining the individual risk factors into a measure of the “relative probability” of forming stones (PSF).PSF values are generally lower in normal subjects than in stone‐formers. Amongst the normals, PSF values are lower in children and women than in men.Recurrent stone‐formers have the highest PSF values and these correlate well with the severity of the disease as defined by the stone episode rate of the patient. Single stone‐formers have PSF values intermediate between those of normal men and those of recurrent stone‐formers.
A Placebo‐controlled Double‐blind Study of the Effect of Phenoxybenzamine in Benign Prostatic Obstruction
Authors: CAINE M. , PERLBERG S. , MERETYK S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of phenoxybenzamine for the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic obstruction is reported.Statistically significant evidence of an improvement in both the peak and mean flow‐rates was found. Both diurnal and nocturnal frequency were significantly diminished. Residual urine was unaffected, and the possible reasons for this are discussed.Urethral pressure recordings confirmed the reduction in the closure pressure in the prostatic segment of the urethra.It was concluded that there was good evidence that the treatment is effective.
Endoscopic Examination in Children
Authors: DUNN M. , SMITH P. J. B. , ABRAMS P. H. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Cystourethroscopy is an uncomfortable and often painful investigastion for children. It is distressing to the parents, and even when it is done on a day case basis it can cause considerable disruption to the family. It should tehrfore only be considered when it is felt that the examination will contribute to the management of the urinary problem in the child, and then only after routine assessment including physical examination, urine culture, renal function studies, excretion urography and, where indicated, micturating cystogram.In a stdy of 242 children who had cystourethroscopy, it was found to be of only limited value in children with enuresis, incontinence, haematuria, recurrent urinary infection kand painful micturition. In some children it provided an opportunity for either indirect (from instrumentation) or formal urethral dilatation and this seemed to be associated with post‐operative symptom relief in some chilren.Endoscopy appeared to be of most value in the management of vesicoureteric reflux, upper tract duplication and specific urethral abnormalities. In these situations the examination provided essential information which was helpful with further management of the children.
Penile Injuries with Particular Reference to Injury to the Erectile Tissue
Authors: PRYOR J. P. , HILL J. T. , PACKHAM D. A. , YATES‐BELL A. J. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— A retrospective study of 56 patients with penile injuries showed that 28 injuries were sustained during coitus and a further 12 in other sexual practices. Four different types of injury to the erectile mechanism are described and the management of each discussed.A modified phalloplasty technique is described for patients who have sustained a complete loss of the phallus.
The Intravenous Urogram in Acute Epididymo‐orchitis
Authors: BULLOCK K. N. , HUNT JANICE M. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— In a series of patients presenting with acute epididymo‐orchitis, the abnormalities detected on intravenous urography were analysed.Urography is recommended in patients aged over 50 and in pre‐pubertal boys, but it did not prove useful in adult patients under 50 years of age without other symptoms.
Hereditary Hypercalciuric Urolithiasis: A Study of a Family
Authors: WEINBERGER A. , SCHECHTER J. , PINKHAS J. , SPERLING O. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A family affected with hereditary hypercalciuric urolithiasis is presented. The data suggest that the primary defect is idiopathic hyperabsorptive hypercalciuria, transmitted by an autosomal dominant pattern. This syndrome seems to be common among patients with hypercalciuric urolithiasis.Investigation of the family of such patients and preventive treatment at the earliest age possible are suggested.
Fourth Report on the Standardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function: Terminology related to neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract: PRODUCED BY THE INTERNATIONAL CONTINENCE SOCIETY*
Authors: Bates C. P. , Bradley W. E. , Glen E. S. , Melchior H. , Rowan D. , Sterling A. M. , Sundin T. , Thomas D. , Torrens M. , Warwick R. Turner‐ , Zinner N. R. , (Chairman) T. Hald 
Published: November 2008

This report deals with recommendations on terminology related to neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract with particular reference to classification of the neuropathic bladder.These standards are proposed to facilitate comparison of results by investigators who use urodynamic methods. It is recommended that the acknowledgement of these standards in written publications be indicated by a footnote to the section “Methods and Material” or its equivalent: “Methods, definitions and units conform to the standards proposed by the International Continence Society except where specifically noted”.
Priapism—Conservative Treatment Versus Surgical Procedures
Authors: FORSBERG L. , MATTIASSON A. , OLSSON A. M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Fourteen patients with priapism have been treated over the last 1 2 years. Two patients had a recurrence 2 and 5 years after the primary incident. Abuse of alcohol (often combined with psychotropic drugs) and the use of antihypertensive drugs were the most prominent aetiological factors. Three out of 9 patients treated conservatively and 5 out of 6 patients treated with a shunt procedure have preserved their erection ability.Our results indicate that conservative treatment is not justified and that a shunt procedure should be performed with the least possible delay.
Synthesis of ABH Blood Group Substances in Bladder Turnours
Authors: Fujita J. , Matsumoto K. , Kishi K. , Ishiyama I. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A specific red cell adherence test which can detect the cell surface ABH blood group antigens was performed on formalin‐fixed frozen sections of 38 bladder tumours. In 27 tumours decreased glycosyltransferase activity was suggested, but the site and the degree of the blockade did not seem to be identical in every tumour.Blood group A and B tumours could be grouped into 4 types according to the presence of these 3 isoantigens. One group which showed A or B but no H activity (Type I) consisted only of grade 1, superficial tumours. All of the invasive tumours belonged to other types.For blood group 0 turnours no clear‐cut correlation could be found between malignancy of the tumour and the presence of H activity.Eight of 22 grade 2 or 3 tumours and 9 of 21 invasive tumours retained the isoantigen, which seemed to invalidate the use of this test as a predictive indicator. Only where blood group A or B patients were concerned, and the presence of H activity was regarded as abnormal as well as the absence of A and B. could all grade 2 or 3 tumours and all invasive tumours be detected by this test.
A Prospective Study of Bladder Function Before and After Sphincter‐saving Resections for Low Carcinoma of the Rectum
Authors: NEAL D. E. , WILLIAMS N. S. , JOHNSTON D. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The effects of sphincter‐saving resections for carcinoma of the rectum on bladder function were studied prospectively. Twenty‐seven patients, each acting as his or her own control, were studied before, shortly alter and 9 months after operation by means of pressure/flow filling and voiding cystometry.After operation there was a significant and lasting increase in the residual volume of urine and a temporary decrease in the compliance of the bladder. There was a statistically significant decrease in detrusor contraction pressure after operation, which persisted throughout the period of study. This was probably due to partial denervation of the bladder. Four patients had signs of total or almost total denervation of the bladder. There was a significant correlation between proximity of the tumour to the anal verge and risk of damage to the nerve supply to the bladder.Thus sphincter‐saving resections of the rectum for carcinoma are associated with a significant risk of bladder denervation. Many of the “minor” symptoms of bladder dysfunction which develop after this procedure are due to partial denervation of the bladder.
Radiological Trabeculation of the Male Bladder—a Clinical and Urodynamic Assessment
Authors: SHAH P. J. R. , WHITESIDE C. G. , MILROY E. J. G. , TURNER‐WARWICK R. T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Two hundred and fifty patients have been studied by synchronous cine/pressure/ flow cystometry to assess the relationship between radiological trabeculation and the urodynamic findings. There is a strong association between detrusor instability and trabeculation. Trabeculation, however, may also occur in the presence of high pressure outflow obstruction, usually at prostate level, in the absence of instability.It is suggested that frequent uninitiated detrusor contraction against a voluntarily closed sphincter is a likely cause of the more prominent varieties of trabeculation. However, the presence of minor degrees of trabeculation noted at cystoscopic examination in the absence of detrusor instability is not disputed.
Prophylactic Oral Methotrexate Therapy for Multiple Superficial Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: HALL R. R. , HERRING D. W. , GIBE I. , HEATH A. B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Sixteen patients with multiple, frequently recurring Ta/T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were treated with methotrexate syrup 50 mg orally every week for 18 months. In 11 patients the frequency, number and size of tumour recurrences decreased markedly. In 3 patients the incidence of tumour recurrence appeared unchanged and in 2 patients the disease progressed and required cystectomy. Overall, the average number of tumours recurring per patient month at risk fell significantly from 2.6 to 1.2 while taking methotrexate.It is suggested that oral methotrexate may provide an effective alternative to intravesical chemotherapy for the prevention of recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma.
A Controlled Trial of Single Dose lntravesical Adriamycin in Superficial Bladder Tumours
Authors: ABRAMS P. H. , CHOA R. G. , GACHES C. G. C. , ASHKEN M. H. , GREEN N. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Sixty patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumours (Ta or T1) entered an open controlled trial of single dose Adriamycin. After transurethral resection of tumour recurrences, patients were alternately allocated to the control group or to the Adriamycin group, who received an instillation of 50 mg of Adriamycin in 50 ml of saline for 30 min. Six months later all patients were readmitted for endoscopy.In the Adriamycin group significantly more patients showed a decrease in the number of recurrent papillomas (72%) than in the control group (39%). This study shows that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in the form of single dose Adriamycin is effective in reducing tumour recurrence.
The Correlation of TI Bladder Tumour History with Prognosis and Follow‐up Requirements
Authors: ENGLAND H. R. , PARIS A. M. I. , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The histories of 332 TI bladder cancer patients were studied to determine the natural history in this tumour population. Each was followed for at least 5 years or to earlier tumour death and the approach to treatment was conservative.Patients were potentially at serious risk of disease progression and death if they presented with tumours of G2 or G3 grade and grew new ones again after treatment or if they exhibited a continuous high level of tumour neogenesis. Fourteen developed urothelial tumours beyond the bladder, evidence of widespread urothelial instability. Tumour deaths accounted for only 12% of the series, justifying a conservative approach to treatment, and a further 25% died from unrelated causes.Those remaining tumour‐free at 5 years had a low malignant potential and their natural history supported discontinuing routine cystoscopy after that time.
Occupational Bladder Cancer and Cigarette Smoking in West Yorkshire
Authors: GLASHAN R. W. , CARTWRIGHT R. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary‐This paper reports the preliminary findings of a case‐controlled study of bladder cancer in parts of West Yorkshire. The first 991 cases have been analyses and the results of the occupational exposure for 5 occupations are reported.There is an increased risk of bladder cancer associated with smoking cigarettes in both males and females. These results take both the age and the year of diagnosis into account and are statistically significant. Chemical industry workers and printers have been shown statistically to have a high risk ratio, whereas leather workers, hairdressers and dye‐users have a statistically insignificant risk ratio. For process workers in the dye manufacturing industry the length of service is significantly correlated with the risk of bladder cancer and so is the age at which a man first becomes a process worker.
Half‐body Irradiation in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: ROWLAND C. G. , BULLIMORE JILL A. , SMITH P. J. B. , ROBERTS J. B. M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary‐High dose radiation therapy given as a single fraction to the upper and lower halves of the body gives effective palliation for metastatic solid tumours. This treatment modality appears to be particularly effective in tumours which may have a slow doubling time such as carcinoma of the prostate.Fifty‐two patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate involving the skeletal system have received half‐body irradiation. All had prior treatment with additive hormones or orchiectomy and the majority had received localised irradiation and/or chemotherapy. Significant immediate pain relief was achieved in 42 out of 52 patients (80%). This pain relief was maintained until death in 29 out of 43 patients (67%). Pain relief in responders appears to occur within 24 to 48 h of treatment.
Elective Delayed Excision of Bulky Para‐aortic Lymph Node Metastases in Advanced Non‐Seminoma Germ Cell Tumours of Testis
Authors: HENDRY W. F. , GOLDSTRAW P. , HUSBAND J. E. , BARRETT ANN , McELWAlN T. J. , PECKHAM M. J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Forty‐one patients with advanced non‐seminoma germ cell testicular tumours were treated by chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, followed by excision of residual para‐aortic lymph node masses. All para‐aortic metastases were initially greater than 2 cm, 35 were larger than 5 cm, and 9 were over 10 cm in diameter. Seven patients also had nodal deposits above the diaphragm and 1 8 had distant metastases.The residual masses were excised completely in all except 3 cases. Residual malignancy was found in 7 (1 8%) of 38 operable cases; of these 7, only 2 remain alive and disease‐free. In contrast, 28 (90%) of 31 operable cases with necrosis and fibrosis, or with fully differentiated teratoma, are alive and disease‐free. Elevated serum markers were found in 6 of 9 cases with respectable or unrespectable residual malignancy, but in only 1 of 32 who were tumour‐free. Residual malignancy was found in 3 (9%) of 34 cases with normal marker levels. Malignancy was not found in any residual mass less than 4 cm diameter.We conclude that excision of para‐aortic lymph node masses should be electively delayed until seium markers become normal and until shrinkage of the mass has ceased. The presence of residual malignancy in the excised tissue then provides a clear indication for further chemotherapy.
The Dilated Non‐obstructed Renal Pelvis
Authors: O'REILLY P. H. , LUPTON E. W. , TESTA H. J. , SHIELDS R. A. , CARROLLBSc R. N. P. , EDWARDS E. CHARLTON. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—This paper discusses 28 patients with renal pelvic dilatation in whom obstruction was excluded by excretion urography and diuresis renography. The clinical presentation and progress of the patients over a follow‐up period of 1 to 5 years are presented. One patient required pyeloplasty, one developed 2 asymptomatic renal pelvic calculi and one showed some deterioration in function on the affected side.The remaining 25 patients remain well and their follow‐up renograms show satisfactory renal function and excretion. Before the advent of objective means of assessing renal function and urodynamics, these patients would probably have been subjected to pyeloplasty. The present study confirms that the correct management of the dilated non‐obstructed renal pelvis is conservative.
Experimental Intra‐arterial Infusion of Microencapsulated Mitomycin C into Pelvic Organs
Authors: Nemoto R. , Kato T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary —Laboratory experience with the use of Mitomycin C encased in ethylcellulose microcapsules as an agent for transcatheter embolisation is described. Microencapsulated Mitomycin C (MMC‐m.c.) was infused into the pelvic organs of dogs by arterial catheterisation and the distribution of MMC in plasma and tissue was examined.MMC levels in the circulating blood of the MMC‐m.c. group were significantly lower than those of the non‐encapsulated MMC group. The biological potential of MMC was retained for prolonged periods in the pelvic organs after intra‐arterial infusion of MMC‐m.c. On the other hand, MMC could not be detected in the tissue of the non‐encapsulated MMC group 4 h after the infusion.
The Management of Transitional Cell Carcinoma in the Prostate
Authors: Wolfe J. H. N. , Lloyd‐Davies R. W. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare tumour. A review of 31 8 patients with carcinoma of the prostate presenting to this hospital in the 5 years between April 1 974 and April 1 979 revealed 7 patients with transitional cell carcinoma arising within the prostate. Two of these had previously been treated for a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.These prostatic tumours are usually poorly differentiated and carry a poor prognosis. Early radical surgery, however, achieved a good result in one of our patients. Other forms of treatment were ineffective and a review of the literature revealed that this was also the experience of others. We suggest that cystoprostatectomy should be considered as an early form of treatment.
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase in Serum and Bone Marrow in Patients with Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: FOSSA SOPHIE DOROTHEA , SKINNINGSRUD A. , KAALHUS O. , ENGESET A. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— Sixty‐two per cent of 61 patients with prostatic carcinoma showed elevated levels of serum acid phosphatase, analysed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Enzymatically determined serum acid phosphatase was raised in only 38% of the same patients. Bone marrow acid phosphatase determined by RIA was raised in 41%. In untreated metastatic patients with prostatic carcinoma, radioimmunologically determined serum acid phosphatase was elevated in 12 of 13 patients, whereas bone marrow acid phosphatase (RIA) and enzymatically determined serum prostatic acid phosphatase were increased only in about half of the patients.In a control group the upper reference limit of bone marrow acid phosphatase determined by RIA was significantly raised above that obtained by serum analyses. This indicates that non‐prostatic acid phosphatases (possibly from bone marrow cells) cross‐react with prostatic acid phosphatase in an unpredictable way, even when using a specific radioimmunoassay. In patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate, the results of bone marrow acid phosphatase determinations, analysed by RIA, seem to lack diagnostic and/or prognostic information additional to that obtainable by serum acid phosphatase (RIA) analysis.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and 5–Fluorouracil in T3, NX, MO Bladder Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy
Authors: RICHARDS B. , BASTABLE J. R. G. , FREEDMAN L. , GLASHAN R. W. , HARRIS GLYNIS , NEWLING D. W. W. , ROBINSON M. R. G. , SMITH P. H. , GROUP THE YORKSHIRE UROLOGY CANCER RESEARCH 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Radical radiotherapy alone has been compared with radical radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy using doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and 5–fluorouracil in a randomised prospective study on 129 patients presenting with T3, NX, MO transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.One hundred and ten patients were evaluable with a minimum follow‐up of 2 years.The addition of this form of chemotherapy did not appear to influence the survival rate or the proportion of patients free from tumour. It cannot be recommended for routine use in the primary treatment of infiltrating bladder cancer.
Tuberculous Epididymo‐orchitis. A Review of 20 Cases
Authors: FERRIE B. G. , RUNDLE J. S. H. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Twenty cases of tuberculous epididymo‐orchitis, occurring in Glasgow from 1970 to 1979, were reviewed. Five gave a history of previous tuberculosis and 10 showed no evidence of tuberculous infection in their urine. In half of the cases the diagnosis was made from histological material. Only five patients had normal intravenous urograms and five required subsequent major surgery for upper urinary tract disease.Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a scrotal swelling even in the absence of a history of previous tuberculosis.
Is the Solitary Kidney a Privileged Kidney?
Authors: STACKL W. , HOFMANN E. , MARBERGER M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In rabbits the renal function of solitary kidneys subjected to ischaemic damage was compared with that of kidneys damaged identically in the presence of a normal contralateral organ.In spite of compensatory hypertrophy of the solitary kidney, no improvement in its tolerance to ischaemia was observed.The solitary kidney is thus not a privileged kidney.