bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Environmental and Nutritional Factors Affecting Growth and Sporulation of Aspergillus tamarii Associated with Mouldy Cocoa Beans in Nigeria
Authors: OLUTIOLA P. O. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Aspergillus tamarii Kita grew and sporulated best at 30°C. The best pH for growth and sporulation were 5.5 and 6.5, respectively. Among the carbon sources employed, glucose supported the highest growth and sporulation. Best growth was obtained with sodium nitrate as nitrogen source and best sporulation with ammonium tar‐tarate. When glucose was used as carbon source, the carbohydrates found in the mycelium included myoinositol. dulcitol, fructose, arabinose and ribose.
Production of a Cellulase Complex in Culture Filtrates of Aspergillus tamarii Associated with Mouldy Cocoa Beans in Nigeria
Authors: OLUTIOLA P. O. , COLE O. O. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Aspergillus tamarii Kita grown in media that contained single soluble or insoluble cellulosic sources of carbon, released a complex of cellulolytic enzymes into the medium. The complex was separated into thirteen components by gel filtration followed by ion exchange chromatography. Eight of the components had a high molecular weight and five had a low molecular weight. One of the high molecular weight components, designated Ab, had the character of C1 cellulase enzyme. In a few cases there was synergism between the components, since in combination they liberated more glucose than when alone.
Flower Bud Atrophy in Baccara Roses
Authors: ZIESLIN N. , HALEVY A. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe activity of various growth substances in the upper leaves of Baccara roses was compared between flowering and non‐flowering shoots. Flowering shoots had a higher level of gibberellins, auxins and cytokinins. The changes in level of these growth substances during different stages of shoot development were more marked in flowering than in non‐flowering shoots. The level of inhibitors was higher in leaves of “blind” shoots. At least two inhibitors are present; one of them was identified as abscisic acid, while the other appears in the neutral fraction.
Flower Bud Atrophy in Baccara Roses
Authors: ZIESLIN N. , HALEVY A. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChanges in gibberellin content and of the production of ethylene in the two upper shoots of roses were measured as affected by decreasing temperature and light intensity, factors which encourage flower atrophy. Decreases in temperature or light intensity to the whole plant reduce the endogenous content of gibberellin in the leaves of the two shoots. The decrease is more rapid and occurs earlier in leaves of the second shoot from the top, where “blindness” is more common. There was also a drop in the gibberellin content, when individual shoots were shaded, although the decrease was more moderate. A lowered light intensity reduced the production of endogenous ethylene by the two shoots, but in the second shoot this production increased after a number of days, before atrophy of the flower bud took place. It is suggested that gibberellin participates in the endogenous control of rose flower development, and the possibility is discussed that it acts by directing the translocation of metabolites to the flower bud.
Factors Affecting Dalapon Absorption and Translocation in Johnsongrass
Authors: McWHORTER C. G. , JORDAN T. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe factors affecting the absorption and translocation of 14C‐dalapon (2.2‐dichloropropionic acid) in johnsongrass were studied. Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] was first pot‐grown in a greenhouse and then treated and placed in controlled‐environment chambers.Absorption of 14C‐dalapon into johnsongrass leaves and subsequent translocation occurred continuously within the plant during a 48‐h period after treatment. Gas chromatographic analysis of johnsongrass extracts showed that the dalapon molecule was translocated intact. Absorption and translocation of 14C‐dalapon increased as the droplet volume of the diluent was increased from 0.2 to 5.0 μl per treated spot.At 21 and 32°C, translocation of 14C‐dalapon from a 2‐cm treated leaf section into the plant was greater at 100% than at 35% relative humidity. At 38°C, translocation was greater at 35% than at 100% relative humidity. The addition of 0.5% surfactant to the dalapon solution increased translocation under all environmental conditions studied. The addition of 0.1 M KH2PO4 to dalapon‐surfactant solutions increased 4‐dalapon translocation under high temperature (38°C), especially at 35% relative humidity.
Nuclear Deoxyribonucleic Acid Metabolism and Membrane Fatty Acid Content Related to Chilling Resistance in Germinating Cotton (Gossypium barbadense)
Authors: CLAY WILLARD F. , BARTKOWSKI EDMUND J. , KATTERMAN FRANK R. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChilling damage was examined in the chilling‐sensitive plant Gossypium barbadense. Between 30 and 36 h of germination at 34°C, the seedlings are extremely sensitive to temperatures below 10°C. The initiation of chilling damage by exposure to 2°C for 5 h during the sensitive period resulted in a large reduction in DNA synthesis. The reduction was correlated with a reduced efficiency of nuclear DNA polymerase activity. Comparing a more chilling resistant genotype to a more sensitive variety indicated that the resistant genotype nuclear DNA polymerase activity is more efficient when exposed to a chilling stress. Resistance was also correlated with a higher degree of unsaturated fatty acid content in the nuclear membranes of the resistant variety.
Purification and Properties of Rape Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Authors: LEBLOVÁ SYLVA , STIBOROVÁ MARIE 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGerminating seeds with the highest specific activity (24 hour germination) were used for isolation of alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH, from rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Třebičská). The rape ADH was purified by fractionation with ammonium sulphate, desalting on Sephadex G 25, chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G 150. Using this isolation procedure, enzyme with a specific activity 85.6 times higher than that of the crude extract was obtained. The molecular weight of the enzyme obtained is 66.000. The enzyme is a metallo‐enzyme containing sulfhydryl groups as evidence by the inhibitory effect of chelating compounds and thiol reagents. The optimum pH for the oxidation of ethanol is 8.5 and for reduction of acetaldehyde 7.0. The enzyme exhibits a relatively wide substrate specificity towards alcohols. Dimethyl‐sulphoxide (DMSO), some amides and oximes and some intermediates of the carbohydrate metabolism act as ADH inhibitors, ATP as analogue of NAD also exhibits an inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effect of heterocyclic substances (pyrazol, imidazol, pyridine) is similar to the effect on liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
Photoactivation of Oxygen‐evolving System in Dark‐grown Spruce Seedlings
Authors: OKU TATSUO , TOMITA GIITI 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlastids prepared from dark‐grown spruce seedlings showed a negligible activity of photosystem II, and no fluorescence variation was observed during actinic illumination. The photosystem II reaction centre, however, was present in primary thylakoids. Exposure of such seedlings to continuous light induced the development of photosystem II activity via three stages (rapid, lagged and gradual), and the variable fluorescence appeared. The rapid development of photosystem II may be attributed to the activation of the oxygen‐evolving system, possibly the manganese‐catalyzing site, and the lagged and gradual developments may be closely related to the formation of thylakoid membranes and their assembly to grana.
Changes in Gibberellin‐Like Substances and Indole‐3‐Acetic Acid in Picea abies during the Period of Shoot Elongation
Authors: DUNBERG ARNE 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGrafted clones of Picea abies (L.) Karst. were used for the study. A very rapid and conspicuous rise in the content of gibberellin‐like substances chromatographically similar to gibberellin A1, and of indole‐3‐acetic acid, occurred during the brief period of most rapid shoot elongation. A few days later, when the shoot growth had terminated, very small amounts of both compounds could be detected. The changes in the qualitative pattern of gibberellin‐like substances were consistent with a suggested interconversion pathway leading from non‐polar to increasingly polar compounds
Responsivencess of Intact and Scarified Seeds of Barbarea vulgaris to Gibberellic Acid and Changes in Phytochrome
Authors: TAYLORSON R. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEither red light or millimolar levels of gibberellic acid promoted germination of seeds of yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.), and their effects were generally additive. Buffering the substrate pH at 3.0, addition of 20 mM nitrate to the substrate, preliminary incubation at 10 or 30°C, and brief scarification of the seeds increased responsiveness of the seeds to gibberellic acid. Scarification increased several thousandfold the sensitivity of the seeds to gibberellic acid. Pretreatment of the seeds in darkness or far‐red light did not lower their responsiveness to gibberellic acid. These results suggest that uptake of gibberellic acid is a limiting factor in the stimulation of germination in intact seeds and that there is only a minimal requirement for active phytochrome to express gibberellic acid action.
The Presence of Cellulose in Heterocyst Envelopes of Blue‐Green Algae and its Role in Relation to Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: GRANHALL ULF 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe present study gives evidence for the presence of cellulose in the heterocyst envelope of blue‐green algae by means of electron microscopy, cellulase treatments and specific staining and demonstrates the role of this cellulose for the protection of the heterocyst nitrogenase during acetylene reduction. Experiments with lysozyme and cellulase suggest that nitrogen fixation in heterocystous blue‐green algae under aerobic conditions is functionally effective only when an intimate relationship exists between vegetative cells and heterocysts and both cell types have intact wall structures.
Characterization of Sulphate Uptake in Anacystis nidulans
Authors: UTKILEN HANS CHRISTIAN , HELDAL MIKAL , KNUTSEN GJERT 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSulphate uptake in the blue‐green alga Anacystis nidulans appears based upon an active mechanism with a Km of 0.75 μM and Vmax of 0.7 pmol/min × 106 cells. Sulphate uptake is competitively inhibited by thiosulphate and sulphite. The sulphate uptake has a pH optimum at 8 and a temperature optimum at 40°C. By increasing the extracellular sulphate concentration from 0.1 to 10 μM the sulphate pool in Anacystis was altered from 8.3, 10−5M to 5.9, 10−4M.
Polar Lipids of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Roots
Authors: SUKHIJA P. S. , SITAL J. S. , RAHEJA R. K. , BHATIA I. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe polar lipid components in the roots of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) plant were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, monogalactosyl‐diglycerides, digalactosyldiglycerides, polygalactosyldiglycerides, sulpholipids and three unknown glycosides. Phospholipids constituted only 10% of the polar lipid fraction and 90% was of nonphosphatidic nature. This latter fraction was highly unsaturated and contained linoleic acid as the major fatty acid component.
Salinity and the Hydraulic Conductance of Roots
Authors: SHALHEVET JOSEPH , MAAS E. V. , HOFFMAN G. J. , OGATA GEN 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effect of salinity on hydraulic conductance of intact roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was determined in split‐root experiments using salinized nutrient solutions. Experiments were conducted in controlled climate chambers under two or three relative humidity levels and four solution osmotic potential levels.The relationship between water flux through roots (Jv) and total water potential difference between the leaves and the root medium (Δψ) was linear, usually with a small intercept. Thus, the root hydraulic conductance (L) was not affected by salinity within the range of fluxes obtained in these experiments, with L= 0.036 mm h−1 bar−1 for tomato and L= 0.0167 mm h−1 bar−1 for sunflower. Our results agreed with theoretical analysis of coupled water and ion uptake.From Cl− and Na+ uptake data, the reflection coefficient (o) for tomato roots was calculated as 0.956, which was compatible with the near‐zero intercept. A large intercept for sunflower could not be readily explained.Relative humidity strongly affected root growth, with more rapid growth under low humidity conditions. Transpiration of sunflower plants was reduced by 20% when the relative humidity was increased from 34% to 84%, whereas transpiration in tomato was reduced 50%.
Effects of Water Stress and Abscisic Acid on Transpiration Regulation in Wheat
Authors: NORDIN ÅSA 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe transpiration response to recurrent light periods was studied'n water‐stressed wheat seedlings. Seedlings were stressed by three methods: addition of mannitol to the root medium, root cooling and drving of the roots in air. All three methods induced almost equal effects on transpiration regulation during alternating dark and light intervals. Exogenous abscisic acid supplied to the shoots of excised plants had qualitatively the same effect as water stress.Water stress and ABA increased the time lapse between light‐on and the onset of transpiration increase and lowered the amplitude of transpiration increase in light. Weak light introduced before strong light shortened the delay times.
On the Relation Between the Effects of Auxin on Growth, pH and Potassium Transport
Authors: ILAN I. , SHAPIRA S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe relation between the effects of auxin on growth, pH and potassium transport in hypocotyl segments of Helianthus annuus was studied. In a solution containing 20 mM Na2SO4 auxin‐induced growth was accompanied by an auxin‐induced pH drop in the medium. (NH4)2SO4, at the same concentration, brought about an almost complete abolishment of the effect of auxin on the pH. The magnitude of auxin‐induced growth was, however, only slightly reduced. This result does not confirm the hypothesis according to which the action of auxin on growth is a result of its effect on the pH.In a solution containing 2 mM sodium phosphate buffer an inhibitory action of IAA on the release of potassium from the tissue was observed. Addition of 20 mM Na2SO4 to the medium brought about a complete abolishment of this effect. The magnitude of auxin induced pH drop was, however, similar in the two treatments. It was concluded that, although under suitable experimental conditions, a close relationship may exist between the effects of auxin on pH on K+ transport, the coupling between the two phenomena is not obligatory.
Seasonal Effects in the Hormonal Control of Growth in the Submerged Aquatic Macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum
Authors: BEST ELLY (P. H.) , SOEKARJO R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe season dependent changes in growth response to treatment with auxin or gibberellin were studied in the aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum.Control plants show, under experimental conditions, a maximum growth in length in February. In the same period most of the lateral buds appear. Growth of the lateral buds occurs later.IAA causes a stimulation of growth in length from late November or December until February, in concentrations of 10−9M and 10−6M. There is almost no stimulation of lateral bud formation by IAA, only a slight increase from late November until December occurs by the lowest concentrations used. The highest concentration used, 10−4M, is in most cases supraoptimal for lateral bud formation; only when plants become dormant (August), this high dose may stimulate the process.GA3, in concentrations of 10−9, 10−6 or 10−4M, exhibits a dose dependent increase of the response with respect to growth in length and lateral bud formation. The response occurs earlier than that for IAA: already early in November, or December, until February.Growth of the lateral buds may show only a slight stimulation by IAA as well as GA in winter. From February until April all GA concentrations used could cause a small increase of the growth of sprouts. In the case of IAA, however, only the lowest concentration could cause a small increase.
Physiology of Polyploid Plants: Water Balance in Autotetraploid and Diploid Tomato under Low and High Salinity
Authors: TAL M. , GARDI I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDiploid and autotetraploid plants of the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Lukullus (Luk) were studied under low and high salinity. Polyploids had a higher water content than diploid plants. Water content in both plant types decreased under salinity, the decrease being smaller in the polyploid plants. Dry weight of whole young plants decreased in both diploid and polyploid plants under salinity, the decrease being smaller in the latter. Transpiration of whole plants, grown in control solution, was lower in polyploid than in diploid plants and decreased more under salinity in the latter. Rate of change of water loss of detached drying leaves was similar in diploid and polyploid plants. Leaves of control diploid plants, however, lost more water per unit leaf area during the phase of stomatal closure apparently due to higher stomatal density. Polyploid plants had fewer but more open stomata per unit leaf area, under both control and saline conditions. Root pressure, determined only under control conditions, seemed to be higher in polyploid plants. No difference in Cl− concentration per unit leaf dry weight was found between diploid and polyploid plants grown in either control or NaCl solution.
Effects of Flavonoids on the Polar Transport of Auxins
Authors: STENLID GöRAN 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effect of some flavonoids on the polar transport of auxins was investigated in hypocotyl sections of dark grown seedlings of cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., by means of 14C labelled auxins. In experiments of 4–6 h duration quercitrin, morin, dihydroquercetin, naringin, sulfuretin and ferulic acid increased the polarity of the transport of indol‐3yl‐acetic acid (stimulation of basipetal, inhibition of acropetal transport). Naringenin, genistein and pinobanksin, on the other hand, decreased the polarity of this transport. For NAA no increase in the polarity of the transport could be observed, but all the substances tested inhibited the basipetal transport. There was no simple correlation between the effects on the polar transport and the effects on IAA oxidase.
Nitrate Reductase Activity in Calcifugous and Calcicolous Tomatoes as Affected by Iron Stress
Authors: BROWN JOHN C. , JONES WILLIAM E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCalcicolous plants are generally more Fe‐efficient than calcifugous plants, because they respond to Fe stress by releasing H‐ions and “reductants” from their roots that causes Fe to become available. The objective of our study was to determine if differential response to Fe stress in calcicolous and calcifugous varieties affects nitrate reductase activity. T3238FER (Fe‐efficient) and T3238fer (Fe‐inefficient) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars were grown in nutrient solutions supplied with N as NH4+‐N plus NO3−‐N, and as NO3−‐N only. The chemical reactions induced by Fe stress concomitantly increased nitrate reductase activity in roots and tops of calcicolous, but not in calcifugous tomato. This nitrate reductase activity decreased, however, when Fe was made available to the plants. When Fe stress was eliminated by adding Fe, nitrate reductase activity was comparable in the two cultivars.
Free and Protein‐bound β‐Amylases of Barley Grain. Characterization by Two‐dimensional Immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: HEJGAARD J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe β‐amylases of ungerminated barley (Hordeum distichum L. cv. Emir) were characterized by two‐dimensional immunoelectrophoretic techniques in order to elucidate the structure and physiological importance of the latent β‐amylase present in cereal grains. Two water‐soluble forms with partial immunochemical identity were detected. One of the enzyme forms was found to consist of aggregates between β‐amylase and an immunochemically distinct non‐active protein. Both β‐amylase and the protein could be released from the aggregates with β‐mercaptoethanol and, to some extent, with papain. β‐Mercaptoethanol increased the extractability of β‐amylase and of the non‐active protein. The aggregated form of β‐amylase was found to predominate in extracts made in the presence of papain. Possible functions of the non‐enzymatic protein in formation of latent β‐amylase is discussed.
Effect of Zinc Nutrition on Photosynthesis and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Cotton
Authors: OHKI K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPhotosynthesis, respiration, carbonic anhydrase activity and chlorophyll concentrations were correlated with zinc nutrition in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The critical zinc level during early plant growth was 13 μg/g dry weight in recently matured leaves (blade three). Photosynthesis and chlorophyll concentration required a minimum Zn of 13 and 14 μg/g dry weight, respectively, in blade three for maximum activity and synthesis. Respiration was not influenced by zinc status. Carbonic anhydrase activity increased curvilinearly as zinc status improved from deficiency to adequacy.
Descriptive Physiology and Biochemistry of the Abnormally Ripening Tomato Fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. Snowball
Authors: MIZRAHI YOSEF , DOSTAL HERBERT C. , CHERRY JOE H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe relationships between different parameters of fruit ripening have been studied in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Snowball. Chlorophyll degradation, fruit softening, polygalacturonase activity, titratable acids, and the rates of CO2 and ethylene evolution followed a normal pattern during ripening. However, fruits detached before reaching 100% development did not develop any red color and remained yellow‐white. Some fruits allowed to ripen on the plants developed a pale color with a normal pigment profile as scanned in an aceton/hexan extraction. Ethephon or propylene, applied to fruits, did not change these parameters but hastened the initiation of ripening.
Correlative Bud Inhibition and Abscisic Acid in Acer pseudoplatanus and Syringa vulgaris
Authors: DORFFLING KARL 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGrowing shoots of Acer pseudoplatanus and Syringa vulgairs were decapitated and defoliated (“treated”) in June 1972–1975. During the 2–3 weeks after treatment the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) in the out‐growing lateral buds at the upper‐most node as well as in the petiole stumps and nodes were determined by means of gas‐liquid chromatography. The concentration of ABA in lateral buds of intact shoots, calculated on a fresh weight basis, varied greatly from year but was consistently several times higher than in petioles and nodes. Defoliation and decapitation caused out‐growth of the lateral buds. This was accompanied by a sharp decrease in the ABA concentration, which finally reached the level of petiole tissue. The concentration of ABA in controls (“untreated”) decreased also, but to a smaller extent, and remained higher than in petioles. In petioles and nodes of treated as well as of untreated shoots, the ABA concentration did not change. The absolute amount of ABA in the buds of treated shoots after 2–3 weeks varied greatly, but was apparently not different from the amount in buds of untreated controls or in buds at the beginning of the experiment. Therefore, the decrease of the ABA concentration was mainly due to fresh weight increase. The results are discussed in relation to a possible role of ABA in correlative bud inhibition.