bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect Raman identification of the proton insertion in the high‐temperature [Ba/Sr][Zr/Ti]O3‐modified perovskite protonic conductors
Authors: Slodczyk Aneta , Colomban Philippe , Willemin Stephanie , Lacroix Olivier , Sala Beatrice 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOH− and H3O+ species in hydrates and simple oxides are rather well characterised from their IR, Raman and inelastic neutron points of view. For the H+ (H2O) species in solid state the variability is well established and assignment remains discussed. The question of the vibrational signature of isolated proton (e.g. the ionic proton, a proton sharing its interaction with more than two acceptors) and its dynamic nature (proton gas, polaron,…) is open. H+‐containing modified perovskites A(Ba,Sr,…) B(Zr,Ce,Ti,…) O3 are potential ceramic membranes for fuel cell and medium temperature water electrolysis (300–800 °C). Comparison studies of the protonated and non‐protonated lanthanide/rare earth‐modified perovskites of type Ba(Sr)Zr(Ti)O3 as well as Al‐modified BaTiO3 show that a broad component centred at 2500 cm−1 is observed after ‘proton insertion’. Its intensity is correlated to the protonic species content as well as to the conductivity of the materials. The mixed nature of this feature is discussed: fluorescence related to the dangling bonds, A, B, C bands or new phenomena related to the ionic protons and associated electronic defect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of aliphatic amines by cation‐exchange chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection after solid phase extraction*
Authors: Casella Innocenzo G. , Palladino Giacomo A. , Contursi Michela 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA sensitive method for the determination of underivatized aliphatic amines based on cation exchange chromatography coupled with suppressed conductivity detection scheme and solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure has been developed. A surface modified styrene divinylbenzene polymeric sorbent, based on a reversed‐phase (RP) and strong cation exchange (SCX) mixed mode was used as an active material for the SPE of amines. The conductometric capabilities of several aliphatic mono‐ and polyamines, expressed in terms of molar sensitivity (nS/μM), were determined. The LODs, obtained without the SPE treatment, ranged between 20 and 65 nM for putrescine and 2‐butylamine, respectively. The resulting calibration plots for the aliphatic amines were generally linear over about three orders of magnitude, with correlation coefficients >0.98. The LODs of amines decreased generally by one factor when SPE procedure, using BaCl2/H2SO4 eluents, has been adopted. The proposed SPE procedure, seems to offer good results in terms of preconcentration, recoveries and cleanup of samples. The proposed methodology was successfully tested for the quantitative determination of some biogenic amines in beer and tuna.
Novel Gelling Systems of κ‐, ι‐ and λ‐Carrageenans and their Composite Gels with Cellulose Using Ionic Liquid
Authors: Prasad Kamalesh , Kaneko Yoshiro , Kadokawa Jun‐ichi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGels of three types of carrageenans (κ‐, ι‐ and λ‐), as well as their composite gels with cellulose, were prepared using an ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), by a heating‐cooling process. κ‐Carrageenan gave the formation of hard gel while the other two carrageenans gave the formation of softer gels with BMIMCl. The gels were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compressive testing. The results indicated that, among the three types of carrageenans, κ‐ and ι‐carrageenans gave better miscible gels with BMIMCl, followed by λ‐carrageenan. On the other hand, λ‐carrageenan gave a better miscible composite gel with cellulose and BMIMCl, followed by ι‐ and κ‐carrageenans. The stress‐strain curves indicated that the mechanical properties of the above gel systems on the compressive mode were much better than those of the hydrogels of κ‐ and ι‐carrageenans as well as the cellulose gel with BMIMCl.magnified image
Controlled Release of IgG by Novel UV Induced Polysaccharide/Poly(amino acid) Hydrogels
Authors: Tripodo Giuseppe , Pitarresi Giovanna , Cavallaro Gennara , Palumbo Fabio Salvatore , Giammona Gaetano 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe development of new protein and peptide drugs needs new delivery systems able to entrap such drugs in safe conditions without affecting their structure and biological activity. In this context, the present work reports a new approach to load IgG, used as a model of therapeutic proteins such as anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibodies, into a polymeric system able to release the entrapped IgG in a controlled manner. In particular, new polysaccharide/poly(amino acid) UV induced hydrogels are proposed as colon delivery systems for human IgG. The poly(amino acid), α,β‐poly[N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐D,L‐aspartamide], has been functionalized with methacrylic anhydride, while the polysaccharide, inulin, has been functionalized with methacrylic anhydride and succinic anhydride. The hydrogels were obtained by a short‐time UV irradiation, in physiological‐like conditions, without the use of radical initiators, at low temperature and in the presence or in the absence of PEGDM550 used as a co‐crosslinker in order to evaluate potential differences in terms of physicochemical properties and release profile. The obtained hydrogels were degradable by inulinase, showed a high cell compatibility and the released antibodies, analyzed by SEC and ELISA, retained their biological activity.magnified image
Mechanical Reinforcement of Continuous Flow Spun Polyelectrolyte Complex Fibers
Authors: Granero Alberto J. , Razal Joselito M. , Wallace Gordon G. , in het Panhuis Marc 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA simple continuous flow wet‐spinning method to achieve mechanical reinforcement of the two oppositely charged biopolymers chitosan and gellan gum is described. The mechanical properties of these biopolymers are influenced by the order of addition. Using a facile method for mechanical reinforcement of gellan gum/chitosan fibers resulted in increases in Young's modulus, tensile strength, and toughness. Spinning gellan gum into chitosan resulted in the strongest fibers. We show that our fibers can provide a mechanical alternative for bio‐fibers without the need of cross‐linking. It is demonstrated that the fibers become ionically conducting in the presence of water vapor.magnified image
Structure and Segmental Motions in a Substituted Polythiophene: A Solid‐State NMR Study
Authors: Le Bouch Nolwenn , Auger Michèle , Leclerc Mario 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThermochromic poly[3‐(2‐methyl‐1‐butoxy)‐4‐methylthiophene] has been investigated in the solid state. Some important changes have been observed by UV‐Vis absorption and XRD measurements. Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, which has the ability to provide information about the structure and dynamics of polymers over a wide range of length scales and time scales, has been utilized to better understand the motion of polythiophene chains during this thermochromic transition. Different solid‐state NMR analyses led to the determination of the relaxation rates for the main chain and the side chain as well as to the characterization of a twisting of the conjugated backbone chain during the thermochromic transition.magnified image
Fluorescence‐Amplifying Assay for Irradiated DNA Lesions Using Water‐Soluble Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Feng Fude , Duan Xinrui , Wang Shu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA new platform has been developed for DNA lesion detection using a cationic conjugated polymer (CCP). DNA that contains two adjacent thymine bases is irradiated with ultraviolet light to allow for the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine–pyrimidone dimers. The DNA lesions block the primer extension, and the base labeled with fluorescein cannot be incorporated into the DNA strand. Addition of the CCP leads to inefficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from CCP to fluorescein. For the case without DNA lesions, successful primer extension allows for efficient FRET between them. In view of the FRET signal changes, the DNA lesions can be detected. This new protocol offers a convenient detection for DNA lesions in aqueous solution without any isolation and washing steps.magnified image
Polylactide (PLA) and Highly Filled PLA ‐ Calcium Sulfate Composites with Improved Impact Properties
Authors: Murariu M. , Ferreira A. Da Silva , Duquesne E. , Bonnaud L. , Dubois Ph. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: Starting from gypsum as by‐product of lactic acid fabrication process, novel high performance composites have been produced by melt‐blending PLA and this filler after a previous specific dehydration performed at 500 °C for min. 1h. Due to PLA sensitivity towards hydrolysis, the utilization of β‐anhydrite II (AII) as filler is a prerequisite. Characterized by attractive mechanical and thermal properties due to good filler dispersion throughout the polyester matrix, these composites are interesting in biodegradable rigid packaging or technical applications. Interestingly, tensile strength of PLA – AII composites proved remarkably high, e.g. higher than 35 MPa at 50 wt‐% filler content. However a decrease of impact properties has been recorded. To increase the toughness of these composites while preserving high stiffness an impact modifier based on ethylene copolymer has been mixed with both the polymer matrix and AII by melt‐compounding. The effectiveness of the impact modifier was confirmed in both neat PLA and AII‐based composites. Addition of 5‐10 wt‐% impact modifier into highly filled composites (30 to 40 wt‐% filler) leads to an attractively threefold increase of impact strength with respect to the compositions without modifier, remarkable thermo‐mechanical performances and good filler dispersion.
Bark Suberin as a Renewable Source of Long‐Chain ω‐Hydroxyalkanoic Acids
Authors: Nilsson Helena , Olsson Ann , Lindström Mikael , Iversen Tommy 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: Polycondensations of cis‐9,10‐epoxy‐18‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, isolated from birch outer bark, were performed at 75 °C in toluene as solvent and at 85 °C in bulk using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B as catalyst. The polycondensation performed in toluene in presence of molecular sieves gave a polyester with DP 50 after 24 h. The same DP was obtained at much shorter reaction time (3 h) by bulk polymerization in an open vial without any drying agent present.
Degradation Study of Polymers from Renewable Resources and their Compositions in Industrial Composting Pile
Authors: Sikorska Wanda , Dacko Piotr , Sobota Michał , Rydz Joanna , Musioł Marta , Kowalczuk Marek 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: Polyesters produced from renewable resources and susceptible to hydrolysis under the industrial composting conditions offer ecological advantages as compared to thermoplastics polymers and elastomers produced from fossil carbon sources. In this paper the degradation behaviour of polymer compositions of BTA, PLA and a‐PHB in natural environment of industrial composting pile, consisting of leaves ‐ 40%, branches ‐ 30% and grass ‐ 30%, have been presented. The extend of degradation was monitored by macroscopic observations of sample surfaces, changes of molecular weight, polydispersity and composition of the tested materials and their weight loss.
Supramolecular Structure ‐ A Key Parameter for Cellulose Biodegradation
Authors: Ciolacu Diana , Ciolacu Florin , Popa Valentin I. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSummary: Three different cellulosic substrata, like microcrystalline cellulose, cotton cellulose and spruce dissolving pulp, were chosen for biodegradation. The kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of these celluloses by Trichoderma reesei, has been investigated. The experiments proved the fact that both the morphological structure and the crystalline one are crucial to the process and the ratio of the reactions. In addition, in order to obtain the most accessible cellulose substratum it was studied the biodegradation of cellulose allomorphs of spruce dissolving pulp. The insoluble cellulose fraction remaining after enzymatic hydrolysis was examined by X‐ray diffraction method and it was established the degree of crystallinity and the average crystallite size. The enzymatic degradation is also proved by the decrease in the degree of polymerization of hydrolyzed samples.
Non‐invasive tracking of avian development in vivo by MRI
Authors: Hogers Bianca , van der Weerd Louise , Olofsen Hans , van der Graaf Linda M. , DeRuiter Marco C. , Groot Adriana C. Gittenberger‐de , Poelmann Robert E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractConventional microscopic techniques, to study embryonic development, require large numbers of embryos and are invasive, making follow‐up impossible. We explored the use of in vivo MRI to study embryonic development, in general, and cardiovascular development in particular, over time. Wild‐type quail embryos (n = 11) were imaged at embryonic days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, covering the main time course of embryonic heart development. On each imaging day cardiac morphology was evaluated and embryonic length was measured. MRI‐embryos as well as control embryos (n = 11) were sacrificed at day 11 and scored for external malformations, while embryonic wet weight and stage were determined. In addition, venous clipped embryos (n = 4), known to develop cardiovascular malformations, were scanned at regular intervals and sacrificed at day 9 for histological analysis ex vivo. We were able to follow heart development of individual quail embryos inside their shell non‐invasively over time, with sufficient detail to study cardiac morphology in vivo. We did not find any adverse effect of the repeated MRI examinations on morphology, length, or weight. Prenatally diagnosed malformations, like ventricular septal defects and aortic arch interruptions were confirmed by histology. In conclusion, micro‐MRI can be used to evaluate in vivo early embryonic development and to diagnose cardiovascular malformations prenatally. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ATM tumour suppressor gene is down‐regulated in EBV‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Bose Shikha , Yap Lee‐Fah , Fung Matthew , Starzcynski Jane , Saleh Amyza , Morgan Susan , Dawson Christopher , Chukwuma Marilyn B , Maina Esther , Buettner Maike , Wei Wenbin , Arrand John , Lim Paul VH , Young Lawrence S , Teo Soo Hwang , Stankovic Tatjana , Woodman Ciaran BJ , Murray Paul G 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA micro‐array analysis using biopsies from patients with EBV‐positive undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and from cancer‐free controls revealed down‐regulation of tumour suppressor genes (TSG) not previously associated with this disease; one such gene was the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. Q‐PCR confirmed down‐regulation of ATM mRNA and ATM protein expression in tumour cells was weak or absent in almost all cases. In NPC cell lines, however, ATM was down‐regulated only in the EBV‐positive line, C666.1, and in none of five EBV‐negative lines. In vitro infection of EBV‐negative NPC cell lines with a recombinant EBV was followed by the down‐regulation of ATM mRNA and protein, and only EBV‐positive cells showed a defective DNA damage response following γ‐irradiation. Our data suggest that loss of ATM function could be an important step in the pathogenesis of NPC, and may have implications for the treatment of this disease. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible posterior leuko‐encephalopathy in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Khademian Zarir , Speller‐Brown Barbara , Nouraie Seyed‐Medhi , Minniti Caterina P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) have high risk of neurologic morbidity and mortality, such as strokes, silent infarcts and TIA's. A retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography identified eight children with radiological and clinical characteristics of reversible posterior encephalopathy (RPLS). These patients had no evidence of previous cerebral infarcts or vasculopathy. Three have died during the 5‐year follow up; one developed a stroke and one a conditional TCD. RPLS needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with SCD that present with acute neurological changes, especially if they are already been hospitalized. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:373–375. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digital PCR: a powerful new tool for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis?
Authors: Zimmermann Bernhard G. , Grill Simon , Holzgreve Wolfgang , Zhong Xiao Yan , Jackson Laird G. , Hahn Sinuhe 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRecent reports have indicated that digital PCR may be useful for the noninvasive detection of fetal aneuploidies by the analysis of cell‐free DNA and RNA in maternal plasma or serum. In this review we provide an insight into the underlying technology and its previous application in the determination of the allelic frequencies of oncogenic alterations in cancer specimens. We also provide an indication of how this new technology may prove useful for the detection of fetal aneuploidies and single gene Mendelian disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptualizing personality disorders from a general model of personality functioning: antisocial personality disorder and the five‐factor model
Authors: Gudonis Lauren C. , Miller Drew J. , Miller Joshua D. , Lynam Donald R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractResearch suggests that personality disorders (PDs) can be conceptualized as constellations of traits from a general model of personality functioning. This research examined the ability of the five‐factor model (FFM) to conceptualize antisocial PD (APD). Participants consisted of 481 21 to 22‐year‐old men and women who were part of the Lexington Longitudinal Study. APD was assessed by the degree of resemblance to an expert‐generated APD FFM prototype, using the FFM count approach, and through the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). FFM APD was related to childhood delinquency, substance use, aggression, risky sexual behaviour, externalizing disorder symptoms, psychopathy, education and employment. The profile of these relations was very similar in shape and magnitude to results obtained using the DIS. There was also a high degree of predictive overlap between the assessments. Results were not due to personality pathology generally. These results offer support for the FFM understanding of the PDs more generally, and APD specifically. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative proteome analysis of three mouse lung adenocarcinoma CMT cell lines with different metastatic potential by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Kelan , Wrzesinski Krzysztof , Stephen J. Fey , Larsen Peter Mose , Zhang Xumin , Roepstorff Peter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMetastasis is a lethal attribute of a cancer and presents a continuing therapeutic challenge. Metastasis is a highly complex process and more knowledge about the mechanisms behind metastasis is highly desirable. Isogenic CMT cell lines were selected from a spontaneous mouse lung adenocarcinoma and characterized in vivo to have different metastatic potential. In this study, the comprehensive protein expression profiles of three of these CMT cell lines at passage 5, 15 and 35 were analyzed by 2‐DE separation followed by MS identification. As a result, 82 and 40 unique proteins were found to be significantly up‐ or down‐regulated between cell lines with different metastatic potential at passages 5 and 15, respectively. These proteins were identified by MS and most of them have previously been reported to be related to cancer development and/or metastasis. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that several of the proteins were involved in proteasome, cell‐cycle and cell‐communication pathways. Among them, some keratins, 14‐3‐3 proteins and 26S proteasome proteins were identified and their aberrant expression may be directly or indirectly involved in cancer development and metastasis. In conclusion, our comprehensive 2‐DE‐based proteomics studies revealed some candidate proteins, protein families and signaling pathways, which might be important in cancer development and metastasis.
Proteomic analysis reveals protein changes within layer 2 of the insular cortex in schizophrenia
Authors: Pennington Kyla , Dicker Patrick , Dunn Michael J. , Cotter David R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAbnormalities in the size and activity of the insular cortex (IC), a brain region involved in auditory hallucinations and language, have been previously found in brain imaging studies in schizophrenia. In addition, cortical layer 2 has been shown to be abnormal in many brain regions in schizophrenia. In this study, 2‐D DIGE was used to quantitatively analyse protein expression in schizophrenia and control cases (n = 15/group) in microdissected layer 2 IC tissue. Proteomic analyses revealed 57 significantly differentially expressed (p<0.05) protein spots in schizophrenia. Validation of differential expression of two of the proteins differentially expressed was subsequently confirmed using Western blotting. This work provides evidence of abnormal protein expression in layer 2 of the IC in schizophrenia, supporting previous work of reduced neuronal size in this cortical layer in the IC. Over half of proteins abnormally expressed in this study have not been reported previously in proteomic studies investigating schizophrenia or neurodegenerative disorders. Proteins found to be abnormally expressed appear to collectively impact on neuronal plasticity through roles in neurite outgrowth, cellular morphogenesis and synaptic function.
Anomalous melting behavior of cyclohexane and cyclooctane in poly(dimethyl siloxane) precursors and model networks
Authors: Wu Jinrong , McKenna Gregory B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBuilding on previous observations of anomalous melting behavior of solvents in polyisoprene, we have expanded our insight into the melting behavior of organic solvents in polymers and polymer networks through a calorimetric investigation of cylcohexane and cyclooctane in poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) precursors and model networks. The results are contrary to general expectations. Besides deviations between the predictions of the Flory‐Huggins model and observed melting point depression of the small molecule organics, it is found that the melting point depression of cyclohexane in model networks is lower than that in the uncrosslinked precursors and unaffected by the molecular weight between crosslinks, which is not consistent with the general observation that higher crosslinking density leads to greater melting point depression. We interpret the observed phenomenon in terms of phase separation. In the case of cyclooctane, it exhibits a double melting peak in the model networks with high molecular weight between crosslinks. Furthermore, the heats of fusion of both cyclohexane and cyclooctane decrease with increasing polymer volume fraction which violates the underlying assumption that the heat of fusion of solvent in the polymer is the same as that in the bulk for both the Flory‐Huggins model and the Gibbs‐Thomson equation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2779–2791, 2008