bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of ERCP in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Haider Salman , Ramai Daryl , Shah Saira , Riyat Nayna D. , Spadaccini Marco , Chandan Saurabh , Maida Marcello , Rahman Asad Ur , Barakat Monique T. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder that leads to abnormal transport of chloride and sodium across secretory epithelia resulting in thickened, viscous secretions in the bronchi, biliary tract, pancreas, intestine, and the reproductive system. Defects in the biliary tract can predispose to stone formation requiring endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, there is a paucity of data assessing ERCP outcomes in patients with CF.

Methods:
We identified patients from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)—National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between the years 2016 and 2020. Our study group included patients with CF of all ages who underwent an inpatient ERCP. We used ICD10 diagnostic and procedural codes to identify patients, procedures, and complications of the procedure.

Results:
From 2016 to 2020, a total of 860,679 inpatient ERCPs were identified. Of these procedures, 535 (0.06%) were performed in patients with CF. The mean age of patients with CF undergoing ERCP was 60.62 years, of which 48% were males and 52% were females. Patients in the CF group had a higher incidence of post-ERCP pneumothorax (0.93%) than the patients in the non-CF group (0.15%). The occurrence of other ERCP-related adverse events was similar in both groups (P>0.05). On multivariate regression analysis, patients with CF were 1.75 times more likely to develop post-ERCP infections [odds ratio (OR): 1.75; 95% CI: 1.03-2.94; P=0.035) and 7.64 times more likely to develop post-ERCP pneumothorax (OR: 7.64; 95% CI: 1.03-56.5; P=0.046) compared to patients without CF after adjusting for confounders. The groups had no significant difference in mortality, post-ERCP pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation, pneumoperitoneum, and gas embolism. There was also no significant difference in the length of stay between the study and control groups.

Conclusions:
ERCP is a safe procedure in patients with CF with a comparable risk of postprocedural complications and mortality to those who do not have cystic fibrosis. However, patients with CF may experience a higher risk of post-ERCP infections and post-ERCP pneumothorax. Further studies are needed to prospectively evaluate outcomes of ERCP in patients with CF and to determine methods of mitigating adverse events.
Impact of iodine supply in infancy and childhood
Authors: Turck Dominique 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
To assess the most relevant articles on the impact of iodine supply in at-risk populations, namely infants and young children, pregnant and lactating women.

Recent findings
The 2022 Iodine Global Network Annual Report confirmed the dramatic decrease of severe iodine deficiency over the last 30 years, thanks to universal iodine iodization. However, mild to moderate deficiency is still present in many countries, where recent data showed a decrease of iodine intake and an impairment of iodine status. Unfortunately, there is yet no validated biomarker to classify the iodine status at the individual level. Available data show that there is no clear evidence to link mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency to adverse health outcomes in pregnant and lactating women as well as in infants and children. The description of a negative impact of maternal iodine excess on neurodevelopment of infants is of concern.

Summary
Optimization of salt iodization (e.g. careful increase in iodine concentration in salt, use by food industry in processed foods) combined with targeted, personalized supplementation under medical supervision if needed (e.g. low intake of iodine rich foods, vegan diet) seems currently preferable to blanket supplementation.
Paediatric voice disorder: who to refer and how to assess? A summary of recent literature
Authors: Cohen Wendy , Wynne David M. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to update the reader with recent advances and current opinion on the assessment and management of paediatric voice disorders.

Recent findings
Access to advanced multidisciplinary paediatric voice clinics has increased over the last decade. Often the assessment is combined between speech therapy/pathology and ENT surgery. Vocal fold nodules remain the most prevalent diagnosis at a paediatric voice clinic, but significant diseases will also present, for example laryngeal papilloma. Recently, more consideration of the psychosocial aspect of voice disorders and evaluation of auditory processing disorders have shown how these can have a negative impact. There also appears to be a lack of parental and teacher awareness of paediatric voice disorders and their significance.

Summary
We would recommend multiparametric assessment and analysis of all children with a voice disorder. Most paediatric voice conditions will respond to skilled voice therapy. However, the exact techniques and dosage requires further evaluation and research. Paediatric voice conditions are common and should not be dismissed, as they may represent significant disease, for example papilloma, vagal palsy or have a significant psychosocial impact on the child.
Topical review: Task shifting and the recruitment and retention of eye health workers in underserved areas
Authors: Somerville Joel G. , Strang Niall C. , Jonuscheit Sven 
Published: March 2024

SIGNIFICANCE

Many populations experience difficulty accessing eye care, especially in rural areas. Implementing workforce recruitment and retention strategies, as well as task shifting through widening scope of practice, can improve eye care accessibility. This article provides novel evidence on the compatibility of these strategies aimed at enhancing ophthalmic workforce recruitment, retention, and efficacy.

PURPOSE
The global burden of blindness is unequally distributed, affects rural areas more, and is frequently associated with limited access to eye care. The World Health Organization has specified both task shifting and increasing human resources for eye health as instruments to improve access to eye care in underserved areas. However, it is uncertain whether these two instruments are sufficiently compatible to provide positive synergic effects. To address this uncertainty, we conducted a structured literature review and synthesized relevant evidence relating to task shifting, workforce recruitment, retention, and eye care. Twenty-three studies from across the globe were analyzed and grouped into three categories: studies exploring recruitment and retention in human resources for eye health in general, studies discussing the relationship between task shifting and recruitment or retention of health workers in general, and studies specifically discussing task shifting and recruitment or retention in eye care workers.

FINDINGS
Our findings demonstrate that incentives are effective for initiating task shifting and improving recruitment and retention in rural areas with a stronger effect noted in midlevel eye care professionals and trainees. Incentives can take various forms, e.g., financial and nonfinancial. The consideration of context-specific motivational factors is essential when designing strategies to facilitate task shifting and to improve recruitment and retention.
Acute Burn Care
Authors: Davis Brittany N. , Xu Hope , Gottlieb Lawrence J. , Vrouwe Sebastian Q. 
Published: March 2024

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article and viewing the videos, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the current epidemiology of burn injuries. 2. Understand burn pathophysiology and perform a wound assessment. 3. Summarize the initial emergency management of a burn patient. 4. Calculate the anticipated fluid resuscitation requirements for a burn injury, and diagnose the complications of overresuscitation. 5. Describe the diagnosis and management of inhalation injury. 6. List the goals of wound care for superficial and deep burns, and describe the closed dressing technique. 7. Perform excision of a burn wound. 8. Compare various wound closure techniques using autografts and skin substitutes.

Summary:
Plastic surgeons are essential members of the multidisciplinary burn team. Burn injuries remain common, and plastic surgeons have an opportunity to develop and innovate the field of acute burn care in light of workforce shortages. Burn pathophysiology is complex and dynamic, which informs the challenges encountered during the perioperative phase. Accurate burn wound assessment remains difficult, with implications for diagnosis and management. A systematic approach is required when stabilizing a major burn and/or inhalation injury with newly updated fluid resuscitation and triage guidelines. Wound care continues to evolve, with an emphasis on a closed dressing technique. For deeper burns, new surgical techniques are emerging for surgical débridement, along with improvements to traditional methods of tangential excision. Following excision, a number of established and novel techniques are available to close the wound with either autografts or skin substitutes.
Renovating the Commission on Cancer’s Quality Measure Portfolio
Authors: Boffa Daniel J. , Lum Sharon S. , Palis Bryan , McCabe Ryan , Park Ko Un , Siddiqui Minhaj M. , Facktor Matthew , Mullet Timothy , Nelson Heidi 
Published: March 2024

Importance:
Nearly 75% of newly diagnosed cancer patients in the United States will receive care from a hospital that is accredited by the Commission on Cancer (CoC). To support hospitals in their quality assurance efforts, the CoC maintains a portfolio of quality measures to give hospitals compliance data with select best practices for cancer care. As the CoC quality measures have evolved over recent years, many clinicians may lack awareness of the intent and content of the measure portfolio, as well as the mechanism by which new measures originate.

Observations:
The CoC quality measures are based on data that hospitals submit to the National Cancer Database, allowing the CoC to track compliance with a subset of consensus best practices. Each year, new measures are designed by diverse teams of specialists in the different treatment modalities for the tumor types covered by the portfolio. These proposed measures are then subjected to a range of vetting, refinement, and prioritization steps before being voted into the portfolio by the Quality Assurance and Data Committee of the CoC. Over the past 4 years, the CoC has worked to renovate not only the portfolio but also the process used to create and launch new measures, revise existing measures, and retire obsolete measures.

Conclusion and Relevance:
In the following overview, we outline the current measure process, highlight important changes to the portfolio, and share opportunities to further increase the impact.
Comparing Plasma Donor–derived Cell-free DNA to Gene Expression in Endomyocardial Biopsies in the Trifecta-Heart Study
Authors: Halloran Philip F. , Reeve Jeff , Mackova Martina , Madill-Thomsen Katelynn S. , Demko Zachary , Olymbios Michael , Campbell Patrick , Melenovsky Vojtech , Gong Timothy , Hall Shelley , Stehlik Josef 
Published: March 2024

Background.
Plasma donor–derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is used to screen for rejection in heart transplants. We launched the Trifecta-Heart study (ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT04707872), an investigator-initiated, prospective trial, to examine the correlations between genome-wide molecular changes in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) and plasma dd-cfDNA. The present report analyzes the correlation of plasma dd-cfDNA with gene expression in EMBs from 4 vanguard centers and compared these correlations with those in 604 kidney transplant biopsies in the Trifecta-Kidney study (ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT04239703).

Methods.
We analyzed 137 consecutive dd-cfDNA-EMB pairs from 70 patients. Plasma %dd-cfDNA was measured by the Prospera test (Natera Inc), and gene expression in EMBs was assessed by Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System using machine-learning algorithms to interpret rejection and injury states.

Results.
Top transcripts correlating with dd-cfDNA were related to genes increased in rejection such as interferon gamma-inducible genes (eg, HLA-DMA) but also with genes induced by injury and expressed in macrophages (eg, SERPINA1 and HMOX1). In gene enrichment analysis, the top dd-cfDNA-correlated genes reflected inflammation and rejection pathways. Dd-cfDNA correlations with rejection genes in EMB were similar to those seen in kidney transplant biopsies, with somewhat stronger correlations for TCMR genes in hearts and ABMR genes in kidneys. However, the correlations with parenchymal injury-induced genes and macrophage genes were much stronger in hearts.

Conclusions.
In this first analysis of Trifecta-Heart study, dd-cfDNA correlates significantly with molecular rejection but also with injury and macrophage infiltration, reflecting the proinflammatory properties of injured cardiomyocytes. The relationship supports the utility of dd-cfDNA in clinical management of heart transplant recipients.
Rapid structural analysis of bacterial ribosomesin situ
Authors: Powell Barrett M. , Brant Tyler S. , Davis Joseph H. , Mosalaganti Shyamal 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTRapid structural analysis of purified proteins and their complexes has become increasingly common thanks to key methodological advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and associated data processing software packages. In contrast, analogous structural analysis in cells via cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) remains challenging due to critical technical bottlenecks, including low-throughput sample preparation and imaging, and laborious data processing methods. Here, we describe the development of a rapidin situcryo-ET sample preparation and data analysis workflow that results in the routine determination of sub-nm resolution ribosomal structures. We apply this workflow toE. coli, producing a 5.8 Å structure of the 70S ribosome from cells in less than 10 days, and we expect this workflow will be widely applicable to related bacterial samples.
Generative Models for Prediction of Non-B DNA Structures
Authors: Cherednichenko Oleksandr , Poptsova Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivationDeep learning methods have been successfully applied to the tasks of predicting non-B DNA structures, however model performance depends on the availability of experimental data for training. Experimental technologies for non-B DNA structure detection are limited to the subsets that are active at the time of an experiment and cannot detect entire functional set of elements. Recently deep generative models demonstrated promising results in data augmentation approach improving classifier performance trained on augmented real and generated data. Here we aimed at testing performance of diffusion models in comparison to other generative models and explore the data augmentation approach for the task of non-B DNA structure prediction.ResultsWe tested denoising diffusion probabilistic and implicit models (DDPM and DDIM), Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) and vector quantised variational autoencoder (VQ-VAE) for the task of improving detection of Z-DNA, G-quadruplexes and H-DNA. We showed that data augmentation increased the quality of classifiers with diffusion models being the best for Z-DNA and H-DNA while WGAN worked better for G4s. Diffusion models are the best in diversity for all types of non-B DNA structures, WGAN produced the best novelty for G-quadruplexes and H-DNA. Since diffusion models require substantial resources, we showed that distillation technique can significantly enhance sampling in training diffusion models. When considering three criteria -quality of generated samples, sampling speed, and diversity, we conclude that trade-off is possible between generative diffusion model and other architectures such as WGAN and VQ-VAE.AvailabilityThe code with conducted experiments is freely available athttps://github.com/powidla/nonB-DNA-structures-generation.Contactmpoptsova@hse.ruSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atJournal Nameonline.
Mutation ofGmDMPgenes triggers haploid induction in soybean
Authors: Zhong Yu , Yang Mingliang , Cheng Dehe , Liu Jinchu , Han Qi , Liu Chunyan , Qi Xiaolong , Yan Tongzheng , Teng Lei , Xv Chang , Hou Jingjing , Sun Lianjun , Liu Chenxu , Chen Qingshan , Chen Shaojiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of homozygous lines is a key step in plant breeding and production. Generally, homozygous lines can be obtained through traditional time-consuming way of several generations selfing or through a way of doubled haploid (DH) technology, which has obvious advantages to accelerate breeding. However, no effective haploid production system so far has been established in soybean. Here we show that mutations of the soybeanGmDMP1andGmDMP2genes can be used to induce haploid with an average haploid induction rate of 0.61%. We also found that 22.9% of soybean haploids can produce seeds through spontaneous chromosome doubling. Those findings laid a solid foundation for establishing DH technology in soybean, which will accelerate soybean breeding.
Pure Nano Genesis: Pioneering Universal Aqueous Nanostrategies from Pure Molecules to Revolutionise Diverse Applications
Authors: Zhao Wenwen , Li Qiu , He Peng , Li Changqing , Aryal Muna , Fabiilli Mario L. , Xiao Haijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel universal approach for the construction of stable and aqueous nanoparticles, Pure Nano systems, comprising solely small conjugated molecules without any excipients. Our experiments confirm that the generation of surface charges plays an essential role during the spontaneous aggregation of conjugated molecules in the process of Pure Nano system fabrication, as it governs growth and confers physiochemical stability to particles at the nano scale. This approach overcomes solubility challenges in highly hydrophobic conjugated molecules by obviating excipients and enabling up to 100% drug loading capacity. Confirmation of this capability stems from the successful preparation of approximately 100 Pure Nano systems, incorporating different combinations of 27 conjugated molecules distinguished by their diverse dissociation types and degrees. The proposed preparation method is robust, simple, fast, and reliable, making it well-suited for large-scale manufacturing due to its array of unique features. This strategy affords a singular, molecular-focused approach, showcasing the intrinsic bioactivity of its constituent molecules while enabling aqueous dispersion for diverse applications. Andin vivoexperiments confirm the exceptional efficacy of various Pure Nano systems in reinstating dextran sodium sulfate induced acute ulcerative colitis to a healthy state, restoring myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury to normal levels, and effectively treating cancer in mice with significantly improved median survival rates. This innovative nano drug delivery system represents a groundbreaking advancement with the potential to revolutionise translational nanomedicine. Positioned at the forefront of therapeutic possibilities, it is anticipated to substantially improve the efficacy and safety of nano therapies. This advancement heralds a new era, offering a highly targeted and efficient approach in the treatment of diverse medical conditions.
Application of chimeric antigens to paper-based diagnostics for detection of West Nile virus infections ofCrocodylus porosus –a novel animal test case
Authors: Johnston Ryan A. , Habarugira Gervais , Harrison Jessica J. , Isberg Sally R. , Moran Jasmin , Morgan Mahali , Davis Steven S. , Melville Lorna , Howard Christopher B. , Henry Charles S. , Macdonald Joanne , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Hall Roy A. , Hobson-Peters Jody 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLaboratory-based diagnostics like plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) and ELISA are commonly used to detect seroconversion to flavivirus infections. However, faster, qualitative screening methods are needed for quicker diagnosis and better patient outcomes. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) can provide rapid results (5-15 mins) at the point-of-care, yet few commercial flavivirus antibody detection LFAs are available. We developed an LFA using novel chimeric viral antigens produced by genetically modifying the mosquito restricted Binjari virus (BinJV) to display the outer virion proteins of pathogenic viruses such as West Nile virus (WNV). The BinJV chimeric platform offers various advantages for diagnostic assay development, including rapid construction of new chimeras in response to emerging viral variants, safe, scalable antigen manufacturing, and structural indistinguishability to the wild-type pathogenic virion. As a demonstration of feasibility, we applied chimeric WNV (BinJV/WNV) antigen to LFA as the capture/test line reagent for detection of seroconversion of crocodilians to WNV – a virus affecting crocodilians on multiple continents. We verified the antigenic conservation of the chimera when applied to the LFA detection surface using monoclonal antibodies. Using well-characterised sera (n=60) from WNV seropositive or flavivirus naive Australian saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus), we illustrated 100% sensitivity and specificity, with results achieved in less than 15 minutes. The LFA further accurately detected seroconversion in animals experimentally infected with WNV. This qualitative screening method can be performed both inside and outside of a laboratory, and the assay design will guide the optimization of similar tests for vector borne virus infection detection in both humans and other animals.
Phosphorylation of Aly3 C-terminus impedes aberrant endocytosis ofS. pombehexose transporter Ght5
Authors: Toyoda Yusuke , Masuda Fumie , Saitoh Shigeaki 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIn fission yeast,Schizosaccharomyces pombe, transcriptional upregulation and cell-surface localization of the hexose transporter, Ght5, are required for cell proliferation in low glucose. As the target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) signaling pathway inhibits α-arrestin Aly3-dependent endocytosis of Ght5, we hypothesized that this endocytosis was inhibited by phosphorylation. To identify phosphorylation sites required for cell proliferation in low glucose, serine and threonine residues of Aly3 and Ght5 reportedly phosphorylated were replaced with alanine. We found that C-terminal serine residues of Aly3, but not Ght5, are necessary for proliferation in low glucose. Expression of Aly3 protein unphosphorylated at the C-terminus led to increased ubiquitination and vacuolar accumulation of Ght5 in low glucose, but reversion of one of the alanine residues to serine reduced ubiquitination and vacuolar accumulation of Ght5. Also, Aly3 physically interacted with the HECT-type ubiquitin ligases Pub1 and Pub3, and these interactions were required for surface localization of Ght5 and proliferation in low glucose. This study reveals mechanisms by which Aly3 is regulated so that fission yeast can adapt to nutritional stress.