bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carcinoembryonic antigenic activity of tissue extracts: A quantitative study of malignant and benign neoplasms, cirrhotic liver, normal adult and fetal organs
Authors: Khoo S. K. , Warner N. L. , Lie J. T. , Mackay I. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA quantitative study of carcinoembryonic antigenic activity (CEA) in extracts of 44 tumors, 42 fetal and 36 non‐malignant adult tissues from various organs was made and the CEA content detected by microradioimmunoassay was related to the wet tissue weight. A variety of malignant neoplasms, including carcinomas, sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease, contained CEA (range 17 to 2727 ng); apart from gastrointestinal carcinomas which had the highest content of CEA (230–2727 ng/g) only carcinomas of the lung contained moderate amounts of CEA (63–950 ng/g). The amount of CEA in extracts of fetal and normal adult organs was mostly low or not detectable except in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas where it ranged from 65 to 200 ng/g in the fetus, and 28 to 86 ng/g in the adult. Differences in mean content of CEA between normal and cirrhotic livers were not significant. Although our results indicated that CEA was present in varying amounts in a variety of tumors the identification of these reactive substances will require more precise physico‐chemical and antigenic characterization.
Transplacental and combined long‐term effect of DDT in five generations of a‐strain mice
Authors: Shabad L. M. , Kolesnichenko T. S. , Nikonova T. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA‐strain mice were given technical DDT in sunflower‐seed oil at daily dose levels of 50 ppm during their entire life span for F0 generation and of 10 ppm for F0‐F5 consecutive generations. Exposure to both levels of DDT resulted in a significant increase of lung adenomas in F0 generations: 36.66% by 50 ppm and 19.05% by 10 ppm of DDT. In F1‐F5 generations exposed to 10 ppm of DDT lung tumours appeared in F1 (15.38%), in F2 (24.00%), in F3 (46.34%), in F4 (43.24%) and in F5 (12.69%). In control A mice lung tumours were not detected at 6 months of age, but were observed at 12 months in 10.88% and altogether (between 6 and 12 months) in 7.28%. In F2, F3 and F4 treated generations the incidence of lung adenomas was significant as compared to the controls. No other tumours were observed in the treated animals. The data obtained in vivo are discussed and compared with previous observations made in vitro. DDT must be evaluated as a weak carcinogen.
Platelet—tumor‐cell interactions in mice. The role of platelets in the spread of malignant disease
Authors: Gasic Gabriel J. , Gasic Tatiana B. , Galanti Norbel , Johnson Thomas , Murphy Scott 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThrombocytopenia reduces the number of metastases produced by a wide variety of murine tumors. Studies aimed at investigating interactions between tumors and platelets reveal that many tumors aggregated platelets in vitro and/or produced thrombocytopenia in vivo. In some instances, tumor‐cell‐induced thrombocytopenia in vivo was accompanied by accumulation of platelets in the lung. Thrombocytopenia was most active against metastases produced by tumors with the capacity to aggregate platelets in vitro and/or in vivo but it was also effective against metastases produced by tumors lacking such a capacity. Further studies, aimed at increasing platelet aggregation in vivo, as when fibroblasts were added to the tumor inoculum, or decreasing the platelet response to aggregating agents, as when aspirin was administered to mice, strongly support the role of platelet aggregation and the platelet release reaction in metastasis. As expected, fibroblasts enhanced while aspirin decreased tumor spread, the latter being equally effective against both artificially induced and spontaneously‐occurring metastases. Formation of platelet aggregates not only enhances but also seems to change the distribution of metastases. Tumors with platelet aggregating capacities usually give lung metastases while those devoid of such a capacity may show metastases of widespread distribution. Research with 125IUDR‐labelled B16 melanoma cells indicates that thrombocytopenia does not affect the initial vascular arrest of tumor cells but seems to influence their subsequent retention by the lung.
Mechanisms of enhanced intrahepatic metastasis in surfactant‐treated hamsters; An electron microscopy study
Authors: Cotmore S. F. , Carter R. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA metastasizing lymphoma (ML) in hamsters, grafted into the subcutaneous tissues, gives rise to moderate numbers of nodular intrahepatic deposits; but if the animals are treated with the surfactant triton‐WR 1339 (four intraperitoneal injections, 1,000 mg/kg body weight) the liver is massively and diffusely involved with secondary tumour. The results of serial ultra‐structural studies now indicate some explanations for this finding. The major factor appears to be that triton‐WR inflicts mechanical damage on cells of the sinusoidal lining, primarily as a result of lysosomal lesions which distend and distort the cells; this substantially facilitates the egress of tumour cells from the circulation into the extrahepatic tissue. Two possible subsidiary mechanisms are also considered: (1) Extensive lysosomal damage seen in Küpffer cells and in free, intravascular macrophages may perhaps result in impaired phagocytic activity within the liver; (2) Drug‐induced lysosomal damage in hepatic parenchymal cells may favour the establishment of tumour cells lying in the extravascular space. Triton‐WR is reported to exert an antifibrinolytic effect but this is apparently irrelevant to the enhanced intrahepatic growth of ML; there is no evidence that fibrin plays any part in the metastatic spread of this tumour.
Established cell line of urinary bladder carcinoma (T24) containing tumour‐specific antigen
Authors: Bubeník J. , Barešová M. , Viklický V. , Jakoubková J. , Sainerová H. , Donner J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA cell line derived from human urinary bladder carcinoma, designated T24, was established in vitro. The growth of T24 cells in tissue culture was characterized by a disorderly pattern of growth in one or more layers and by mixed epithelioid‐fibroblastoid morphology. The generation time of T24 cells was 19 h. The cells had a hypotetraploid stemline with marker chromosomes. The malignant character of the line was verified by inoculation of cell suspension into hamster cheek pouch. The presence of tumour‐specific antigen (TSA) in T24 cells was demonstrated by a micromodification of the cytotoxicity test with autochthonous leukocytes and serum from the donor of the tumour. The TSA was also well detectable by the reaction with allogeneic leukocytes from tumour‐bearing patients and persisted during a 30‐month culture period. The permanent presence of TSA in this carcinoma cell line suggests that the TSA is a genetically determined characteristic of T24 cells.
Anti‐tumor activity in human serum: Antibodies detecting blood‐group‐A‐like antigen on the surface of tumor cells in culture
Authors: Bloom Eda T. , Fahey John L. , Peterson Inga A. , Geering Gayla , Bernhard Michael , Trempe Germain 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from many patients with tumors showed demonstrable cytotoxic antibody activity against selected human tumor cells in culture. The antibody activity detected in the present study was not found to be specific for tumors, but was shown to be directed against an antigen that is serologically related to blood group A. Direct cytotoxicity and absorption analyses, blocking tests, and erythrocyte adherence tests confirmed this conclusion. Antibody activity was found, as expected, frequently in sera from patients with blood‐groups O and B phenotypes, and not in patients belonging to blood‐groups A or AB. In view of the ubiquitous occurrence of blood‐group antibodies, their possible role in some human tumor serological studies should not be ignored.
Cell‐mediated immunity to human oral leukoplakia demonstrated by the leukocyte migration test
Authors: Roed‐Petersen Bjarne , Roed‐Petersen Jytte , Bendixen Gunnar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTissue extracts from 11 oral leukoplakias and from normal oral mucosa of the same patients were tested in the LMT against autologous leukocytes. Five patients showed inhibition of the migration with leukoplakial tissue and one showed inhibition with normal mucosa. The migration of leukocytes from matched controls was not influenced by the tissue extracts, which accordingly had no non‐specific toxicity. It is concluded that oral leukoplakia is associated with a state of tissue‐specific, cellular hypersensitivity against antigenic components of the leukoplakial tissue.
Cell‐mediated and humoral immune reactions to human tumours
Authors: Baldwin R. W. , Embleton M. J. , Jones J. S. P. , Langman M. J. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral lymphocytes from cancer patients were tested for immune reactivity against cultured target cells derived from carcinomas of colon, rectum, breast, kidney and lung, and a melanoma by microcytotoxicity in plastic plates. Lymphocytes from colon or rectum carcinoma patients were cytotoxic for allogeneic colon or rectum carcinoma cells in 61% of tests, and no difference in reactivity could be detected between pre‐ or post‐operative patients. Breast carcinoma patients' lymphocytes were cytotoxic for breast carcinoma cells in 50% of cases tested. Autochthonous lymphocytes were reactive against melanoma cells, but no lymphocyte cytotoxicity could be demonstrated on cells of a renal carcinoma or a lung carcinoma. None of the lymphocyte preparations tested reacted positively against cells of a tumour different from that of the lymphocyte donor, and none reacted against cells from normal colon. Complement‐dependent cytotoxic humoral antibody was regularly detected against breast carcinomas, but only one sample of colon carcinoma serum, from a post‐operative patient, was reactive against colon carcinoma cells. Sera from melanoma patients likewise were only reactive against melanoma cells in two post‐operative cases.
Immunological studies on a case of recurrent Burkitt's lymphoma during immune stimulant treatment
Authors: Gunven Peter , Klein George , Henle Werner , Henle Gertrude , Rocchi Giovanni , Hewetson John F. , Guerra Angel , Clifford Peter , Singh Surjit , Demissie Aberra , Svedmyr Arne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies against several EBV‐ and non‐EBV‐associated antigens were titrated in serial sera from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma who was given immune stimulants during chemotherapeutically induced tumor regression. EBV‐associated membrane reactive antibodies gradually declined during BCG treatment 3–4 months prior to triple (pertussis‐diphtheria‐tetanus, PDT) vaccination, after which they rapidly increased simultaneously with the appearance of multiple recurrent tumors. Prior to vaccination, antibodies to the R component of the EBV‐induced early antigen complex became detectable and increased further before the recurrences became evident. Antibodies to EB viral capsid antigens and to the D component of the early antigen complex also increased starting after triple vaccination, whereas most other antibodies studied remained stable during the observation period. Possible interpretations of the serological changes are discussed.
Comparative effects of hypophysectomy, ergocornine and ergocornine‐reserpine treatments on rat mammary carcinoma
Authors: Welsch Clifford W. , Iturri Gloria , Meites J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSprague‐Dawley rats bearing DMBA‐induced mammary tumors were hypo‐physectomized or injected with ergocornine or with ergocornine plus reserpine. Each treatment caused a prompt and prolonged regression of the tumors. Hypophysectomy was shown to be more effective in promoting tumor regression than treatment with ergocornine alone. However, reserpine administered in combination with ergocornine produced mammary tumor regression not significantly different from that obtained after hypophysectomy. These results are believed to provide a basis for further studies with drugs or drug combinations that can influence hypothalamic and/or pituitary activity to promote mammary tumor regression, and thus serve as a possible alternative to endocrine ablative procedures.
Transformation of rat and mouse embryo cells by a new class of carcinogenic compounds isolated from particles in city air
Authors: Gordon R. J. , Bryan R. J. , Rhim J. S. , Demoise C. , Wolford R. G. , Freeman A. E. , Huebner R. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe customary benzene extraction of airborne particulate matter collected in Los Angeles has previously been shown to yield carcinogenic material. The residue from the benzene extraction contains substances soluble in methanol, some of which are organic. This methanol extract and a number of its component fractions have been tested in rodent cell culture systems developed as assay methods for screening carcinogens. In one system a high‐passage Fischer rat embryo cell line was used. In the other a low‐passage cell line derived from NIH Swiss albino mouse embryos and infected with AKR leukemia virus was used. In both systems the methanol extract showed cell transformation activity approaching that of 3‐methylcholanthrene. In the mouse cell system the activities of several fractions were also examined. The major inorganic component, ammonium nitrate, showed no activity. Neither the neutrals alone nor the recombined non‐neutral fractions separately showed any activity, although they were active together. The basic materials separated by ion exchange were also active. The methanol extract combined with the conventional benzene extract showed much lower activity than either extract alone.
Antibody reactions to herpesvirus saimiri (HVS)‐induced early and late antigens (EA and LA) in HVS‐infected squirrel, marmoset and owl monkeys
Authors: Klein George , Pearson Gary , Rabson Alan , Ablashi Dharam V. , Falk Lawrence , Wolfe Lauren , Deinhardt Friedrich , Rabin Harvey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVero cells were infected with Herpesvirus saimiri. Early (EA) and late (LA) viral antigens were distinguished by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis with cytosine arabinoside (Ara C), or allowing it to proceed uninhibited until CPE was visible. The difference in the antigenic specificity of EA and LA was confirmed by direct fluorescence tests, in combination with blocking experiments. Sera that were anti‐EA positive according to the indirect test were capable of blocking the EA staining reaction with direct EA+‐ conjugates, whereas anti‐LA+EA— sera were unable to do so. Healthy adult squirrel monkeys had antibodies to late antigens (LA) but not to early antigens (EA), as judged by immunofluorescence tests. Isolation‐reared, antibody‐free squirrel monkeys responded with anti‐EA and anti‐LA antibodies after HVS inoculation. Uninoculated, cage‐mate squirrel monkeys became infected by horizontal transmission and responded with LA and EA antibodies approximately 2 months after being housed together with the infected animals. Simultaneously isolated controls remained antibody‐free. HVS‐inoculated, tumor‐bearing marmoset and owl monkeys developed antibodies to both LA and EA in the majority of the cases studied, although in some owl monkeys there was only LA and no EA antibody development. Two different patterns of EA staining could be distinguished, trabecular and punctate. There was a conspicuous difference between the species with regard to the timing of antibody development. Squirrel monkeys, the natural host species of the virus, but resistant to its oncogenic action, responded with antibody development within 14–17 days after inoculation. Marmoset and owl monkeys did not respond until 28–80 days. Conceivably, the natural host species has been selected for a high degree of genetic responsiveness against virus‐determined antigens. This may be partly or entirely responsible for its resistance to the oncogenic effect of this virus.
New antigens in cells transformed by the SV40 virus. III. Presence of an SV40‐coded antigen on the surface of different cell lines transformed by this virus
Authors: Duthu‐Herbet A. , Kress M. , Saint Cyr Ch. De Vaux 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sera of hamsters carrying tumours induced by injection of TSV5Cl2 cells and the sera of animals immunized with these cells or with SV40 itself or its purified capsids have a slow cytotoxicity activity in the presence of fresh guinea pig complement on SV40‐transformed cell strains of any origin. The responsible antigen is dependent on the SV40 genome and is associated with the cytoplasmic membranes of the transformed cells. By means of absorption of the antisera with subcellular fractions it has been correlated with antigen “C” present in the cytoplasm of SV40‐transformed cells. It is different from antigen “S” shown by the immunofluorescence test, and its relation with TSTA is discussed.
Expression of the major group‐specific antigen (GS‐A) of avian type‐C viruses in normal chicken cells and tissues
Authors: Vaheri Antti , Ruoslahti Erkki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe major group‐specific antigen (gs‐a) of avian type‐C viruses was detected by radioimmunoassay in all tissue samples and cultured cells from leukosts‐free chickens. Visceral tissues of individual embryos contained 7–36 ng antigen per mg protein. The mean values in adult tissues were 2–5 times lower than those of the embryos, except for spleen which gave exceedingly high values of about 50 ng per mg protein. The identity of the endogeneous gs‐a with viral gs‐a was established by several criteria. The gs‐a levels of tissues and cells producing avian type‐C viruses were 100–1,000 times higher. In such cells up to 1% of cellular protein can be gs‐a. Differences in expression of gs‐a and other malignancy‐associated proteins in normal tissues may prove useful indicators of loosened gene regulation as an initial step towards malignancy.
Cell‐surface and virion‐envelope antigens shared by radiation leukemia virus (RadLV) and other murine C‐type viruses
Authors: Ferrer Jorge F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present studies demonstrate that rats recognize a tumor‐specific transplantation antigen (s) shared by tumors induced by Radiation Leukemia Virus (RadLV), Gross Leukemia Virus (GLV), Moloney Leukemia Virus (MLV) or Moloney Sarcoma Virus (M‐MSV), which is different from the type‐specific transplantation antigen (s) detected by mice. Direct cytotoxic tests and absorption experiments with specific antisera confirm and extend previous studies indicating that rats also form antibodies to a cell‐surface cross‐reacting antigenic determinant present in tumors induced by these viruses. Results ofcytotoxic tests with a monospecific guinea‐pig antiserum for the intraspecies group‐specific (gs‐1) antigen of murine leukemia viruses, suggest that this antigen is present at the cell surface of tumors induced by RadLV, GLV, or MLV, and hence that it may be responsible for the cross‐reactions observed between these tumors in the present study. The data indicate that the rat typing system also recognizes a type‐specific MLV antigen (s) and support the idea that some MLV‐induced leukemias may be superinfected and antigenically converted by GLV. Virus neutralization studies show that rats form antibodies to virion‐envelope antigens shared by RadLV, GLV and MSV.
Sensitivity to ebv superinfection and IUdR inducibility of hybrid cells formed between a sensitive and a relatively resistant burkitt lymphoma cell line
Authors: Nyormoi Okot , Klein George , Adams Alice , Dombos Laszlo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sensitivity of Burkitt lymphoma‐derived cell lines to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) superinfection and the inducibility of the latent EBV genome in these lines were studied by somatic cell hybridization. Two non‐EBV producer lines; AG R3, an adherent, 8‐azaguanine‐resistant variant of the Rajiline; and Namalwa, a non‐adherent, 8‐azaguanine‐sensitive line, were fused with the aid of β‐propiolactone‐inactivated Sendai virus. The resident EBV genome in Raji is inducible with 5‐iododeoxyuridine and the line is also sensitive to EBV superinfection. Namalwa is relatively resistant to both super‐infection and induction, and synthetizes surface‐associated IgM‐lambda. Cytological studies showed that hybrid cells appear to be much larger than either parent and attach to culture plates less firmly than the adherent Raji variant parent. Karyological analyses showed that hybrids contain the expected sum of the parental chromosome markers. Membrane immunofluorescence tests also showed that hybrids synthetize IgM. All the hybrid cells appear to be non‐EBV producers, but they are sensitive to both EBV super‐infection and induction of latent EBV. These findings suggest the following explanations: (1) there is no evidence of any complementation between the two non‐EBV producer lines (Raji and Namalwa) to elicit spontaneous EBV production in hybrid cells; (2) Namalwa is deficient in some factors required for the synthesis of EBV‐specified early antigens after EBV superinfection and after induction of latent EBV by IUdR; these factors are supplied by the Raji parent in the hybrids; or (3) Raji, Namalwa and hybrid cells or EBV all produce a substance which inhibits activation of a productive viral cycle, but whose action is antagonized in Raji and hybrid cells to allow the synthesis of EBV‐specific early antigens.
BCG immunotherapy of local subcutaneous growths and post‐surgical pulmonary metastases of a transplanted rat epithelioma of spontaneous origin
Authors: Baldwin R. W. , Pimm M. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe potential value of BCG immunotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary metastases had been evaluated using a weakly immunogenic transplanted rat epithelioma. Subcutaneous injection of tumour cells in admixture with viable BCG retarded tumour development at this site and reduced the development of pulmonary metastases. Partial control of metastatic disease following surgical removal of subcutaneous tumour was obtained by intravenous injection of BCG, the main response being an increase in survival and reduction in the number of pulmonary metastases. Treatment was not rendered more effective by concomitant immunostimulation with irradiated tumour cells in admixture with BCG. These studies illustrate the potential of BCG adjuvant therapy, but support the concept that localization of BCG at the tumour site is a necessary requirement for effective tumour suppression.
Characteristics of murine C‐type viruses. I. Independent assortment of infectivity in one in vivo and four in vitro assays
Authors: Fenyö Eva Maria , Grundner Gertrud 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe infective properties of mouse C‐type viruses produced by two Moloney lymphoma lines, mouse L cells (A9 and A9HT sublines) and their hybrids were investigated in one in vivo and four in vitro assays. While differences were found in the ability of the two lymphoma‐derived viruses to convert antigenically JLS‐V9 cells, they were equally efficient in the XC‐plaque test. The same viruses also transformed BALB/3T3 cells, similarly to the virus produced by A9 cells. On the other hand, transformation by the A9 virus was not accompanied by plaque formation on XC cells (except distinct single giant‐cell formation). The reverse situation, positive plaque test without transformation, was also encountered. Whether plaque forming, antigen inducing, or transforming, all viruses were immunogenic. The results indicate that virus released by a given cell line may be detected by one test and not by the other. The characteristic infectivity pattern of a virus produced by a certain cell line remained stable over a period of 7 months.