bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust platform for inline Raman monitoring and control of perfusion cell culture
Authors: Wan Boyong , Patel Misaal , Zhou George , Olma Michael , Bieri Marco , Mueller Marvin , Appiah‐Amponsah Emmanuel , Patel Bhumit , Jayapal Karthik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPerfusion cell culture has been gaining increasing popularity for biologics manufacturing due to benefits such as smaller footprint, increased productivity, consistent product quality and manufacturing flexibility, cost savings, and so forth. Process Analytics Technologies tools are highly desirable for effective monitoring and control of long‐running perfusion processes. Raman has been widely investigated for monitoring and control of traditional fed batch cell culture process. However, implementation of Raman for perfusion cell culture has been very limited mainly due to challenges with high‐cell density and long running times during perfusion which cause extremely high fluorescence interference to Raman spectra and consequently it is exceedingly difficult to develop robust chemometrics models. In this work, a platform based on Raman measurement of permeate has been proposed for effective analysis of perfusion process. It has been demonstrated that this platform can effectively circumvent the fluorescence interference issue while providing rich and timely information about perfusion dynamics to enable efficient process monitoring and robust bioreactor feed control. With the highly consistent spectral data from cell‐free sample matrix, development of chemometrics models can be greatly facilitated. Based on this platform, Raman models have been developed for good measurement of several analytes including glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, and permeate titer. Performance of Raman models developed this way has been systematically evaluated and the models have shown good robustness against changes in perfusion scale and variations in permeate flowrate; thus models developed from small lab scale can be directly transferred for implementation in much larger scale of perfusion. With demonstrated robustness, this platform provides a reliable approach for automated glucose feed control in perfusion bioreactors. Glucose model developed from small lab scale has been successfully implemented for automated continuous glucose feed control of perfusion cell culture at much larger scale.
Synthesis of Competitive and Noncompetitive Inhibitors of Alpha‐Glucosidase and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Ghani Usman , Syed Saeed Ali , Aljunidel Sarah , Khan Anis Ahmad , Nur‐e‐Alam Mohammad , AlNoshan Abdulrahman , Al‐Rehaily Adnan J. , AlObaid Abdulrahman , Bari Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImidazoles and phenylthiazoles are an important class of heterocycles that demonstrate a wide range of biological activities against various types of cancers, diabetes mellitus and pathogenic microorganisms. The heterocyclic structure having oxothiazolidine moiety is an important scaffold present in various drugs, with potential for enzyme inhibition. In an effort to discover new heterocyclic compounds, we synthesized 26 new 4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazole, phenylthiazole, and oxothiazolidine heterocyclic analogues that demonstrated potent α‐glucosidase inhibition and anticancer activities. Majority of the compounds noncompetitively inhibited α‐glucosidase except for two that exhibited competitive inhibition of the enzyme. Docking results suggested that the noncompetitive inhibitors bind to an apparent allosteric site on the enzyme located in the vicinity of the active site. Additionally, the analogues also exhibited significant activity against various types of cancers including non‐small lung cancer. Since tubulin protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non‐small lung cancer, molecular docking with one of the target compounds provided important clues to its binding mode. The current work on imidazoles and phenylthiazole derivatives bears importance for designing of new antidiabetic and anticancer drugs.
One Pot Synthesis and Biological Activity Studies of New Spirooxindoles
Authors: Omidvar Amir Reza , Asghari Sakineh , Ghasempour Leila , Mohseni Mojtaba 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article reports one‐pot synthesis of ten novel spirooxindoles using 5‐methyl‐2‐thiohydantoin, isatin derivatives, and malononitrile in good to high yields (65‐90 %). The structures of the synthesized compounds were deduced by 1H‐NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR, and Mass spectral data. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated against two Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) based on the Kirby‐Bauer method. According to the obtained data, the synthesized compounds show more activity against Gram‐positive bacteria than Gram‐negative bacteria. Also, the antioxidant activity of these compounds was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging test method, which showed good to excellent activity (59.65–94.03 %). Among them, the chlorinated derivatives (4 f–j) exhibited more antioxidant activity (84.85–94.03 %) than the other compounds (4 a–e) (56.65–74.4 %) and even ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant compound (82.3 %).
Synthesis and Antifungal Properties of 1,2,4‐Triazole Schiff Base Agents Based on a 3D‐QSAR Model
Authors: Hao Yun , Feng Yunrui , Dong Yangming , Ren Yinghui , Huang Jie , Ma Haixia , Wang Cuiling , Jin Kangrui , Shang Dongyuan , Zhang Xiaobin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBased on our previous research, a 3D‐QSAR model (q2=0.51, ONC=5, r2=0.982, F=271.887, SEE=0.052) was established to predict the inhibitory effects of triazole Schiff base compounds on Fusarium graminearum, and its predictive ability was also confirmed through the statistical parameters. According to the results of the model design, 30 compounds with superior bioactivity compared to the template molecule 4 were obtained. Seven of these compounds (DES2‐6, DES9‐10) with improved biological activity and readily available raw materials were successfully synthesized. Their structures were confirmed through HRMS, NMR, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis (DES‐5). The bioactivity of the final products was investigated through an in vitro antifungal assay. There was little difference in the EC50 values between the experimental and predicted values of the model, demonstrating the reliability of the model. Especially, DES‐3 (EC50=9.915 mg/L) and DES‐5 (EC50=9.384 mg/L) exhibited better inhibitory effects on Fusarium graminearum compared to the standard drug (SD) triadimenol (EC50=10.820 mg/L). These compounds could serve as potential new fungicides for future research. The interaction between the final products and isocitrate lyase (ICL) was investigated through molecular docking. Compounds with R groups that have a higher electron‐donating capacity were found to be biologically active.
The experiences of men in prison who do not receive visits from family or friends: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Burns Dean , Murray Conor , Ferguson Jennifer , Moore Linda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundVisits present an opportunity for prisoners to preserve family ties and reduce isolation, but not all receive visits from family or friends whilst incarcerated.AimsTo locate, appraise and synthesise qualitative data on the experiences of adult male prisoners (aged 18 years+) who do not receive prison visits from family or friends.MethodsNine electronic databases were searched from the date of their inception until March 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies, and data from the studies were synthesised using the thematic synthesis method.ResultsEighteen studies from seven countries (the USA, the UK [England, Northern Ireland & Scotland], Canada, Netherlands and the Philippines) were eligible for inclusion. Three main themes emerged: (1) reasons for not receiving visits, (2) harmful effects of not receiving visits and (3) the value of volunteer visitor programmes. Practical problems were cited as interfering with visiting opportunities, but also some prisoners or families chose not to meet in prison. Loneliness and depression were extensively described as effects of not receiving visits. Qualities associated with volunteer visitors included raised self‐esteem, improved mood and personal growth.ConclusionNarratives of the experiences of adult men in prison without visits from family or friends suggest that not only the practical difficulties of imprisonment affect visiting; barriers that prisoners themselves impose would merit further exploration, as would family and relationship dynamics during incarceration and the emotional impact of prison visits, for both prisoners and their families. There are suggestions of therapeutic as well as humanitarian benefits from volunteer visiting programmes. There is a gap in the literature about any specific effect on rebuilding family relationships.
Methods for conducting a living evidence profile on mpox: An evidence map of the literature
Authors: Pussegoda Kusala , Corrin Tricia , Baumeister Austyn , Ayache Dima , Waddell Lisa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn May of 2022, several cases of mpox were identified in multiple nonendemic countries and on July 23, 2022 the World Health Organization declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. During the first six months of the outbreak there was an urgent need to have up‐to‐date synthesized evidence on mpox to inform public health decision‐making. At this point, evidence is changing too quickly for traditional evidence synthesis methods, as systematic reviews were out‐of‐date before publication. This paper describes the framework developed to manage and maintain a living evidence profile (LEP) to systematically identify, classify and synthesize evidence on a broad range of mpox topics at a rapid pace as the outbreak unfolded.MethodsThe LEP framework was based on principles of evidence synthesis, risk assessment, priority epidemiological parameters for infectious disease modeling and consultation with experts. The framework consisted of a systematic search conducted twice weekly; study selection; categorization into pre‐determined foci and data extraction; integration and synthesis of evidence; internal peer‐review and dissemination to stakeholders.ResultsBetween April 14 and December 15, 2022, 2287 citations were identified, 687 were primary research studies or surveillance reports on the 2022 mpox outbreak and 496 were included in the final LEP. Each study was mapped to one of 32 foci and evidence was narratively synthesized. From June to December 2022, 23 LEPs were produced (approximately weekly) along with a searchable database of extracted data of the mpox literature. They were disseminated globally to public health researchers and decision‐makers to inform public health response efforts.ConclusionsThe LEP framework is applicable to other public health emergencies when a rapid synthesis cycle is required because the evidence is evolving quickly. This efficient methodology for creating up‐to‐date summaries of the current evidence during the first few months of an outbreak or emergency supports public health decision‐making and response activities.
Strategies to achieve effective nitrogen activation
Authors: Chang Bin , Zhang Huabin , Sun Shuhui , Zhang Gaixia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmmonia serves as a crucial chemical raw material and hydrogen energy carrier. Aqueous electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), powered by renewable energy, has attracted tremendous interest during the past few years. Although some achievements have been revealed in aqueous NRR, significant challenges have also been identified. The activity and selectivity are fundamentally limited by nitrogen activation and competitive hydrogen evolution. This review focuses on the hurdles of nitrogen activation and delves into complementary strategies, including materials design and system optimization (reactor, electrolyte, and mediator). Then, it introduces advanced interdisciplinary technologies that have recently emerged for nitrogen activation using high‐energy physics such as plasma and triboelectrification. With a better understanding of the corresponding reaction mechanisms in the coming years, these technologies have the potential to be extended in further applications. This review provides further insight into the reaction mechanisms of selectivity and stability of different reaction systems. We then recommend a rigorous and detailed protocol for investigating NRR performance and also highlight several potential research directions in this exciting field, coupling with advanced interdisciplinary applications, in situ/operando characterizations, and theoretical calculations.
Experimental Heat Transfer Coefficients for Zeotropic Mixture Condensation of Hexamethyldisiloxane/Octamethyltrisiloxane and Ethanol/Hexamethyldisiloxane
Authors: Zimmermann Conrad , Lubos Nico , Kabelac Stephan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLegal requirements for refrigerants necessitate a continuous development of these fluids, also focusing on mixtures. This article contributes three aspects to the ongoing research: (1) Experimental mean heat transfer coefficients were determined for the condensation of two novel zeotropic mixtures, hexamethyldisiloxane (MM)/octamethyltrisiloxane and ethanol/MM, gathered for filmwise condensation on a vertical tube. (2) Both mixtures were investigated with several compositions to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mixture effects. (3) The results were taken to develop a novel superposition approach to predict mixture condensation.
Switchable Multicomponent Cyclization Reactions to Access Fluoroalkylated Dihydropyrimidines and Pyrimidines under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zuo Wanqing , Zhu Zhizhen , Cheng Yu , Zuo Lingling , Geng Xiao , Li Zhifang , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe development of switchable solvent‐free multicomponent reactions to build high‐value‐added products is an important demand for organic synthesis. Herein, we detailed the successful implementation of a switchable strategy for the construction of diverse 4‐fluoroalkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidines and 4‐fluoroalkyl‐pyrimidines via a solvent/additive‐free [3 + 2 + 1] annulation, starting from readily available enamines, trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate or 1‐ethoxy‐2,2‐difluoroethanol and amidines hydrochloride. This reaction conforms to the concept of green synthesis, and provides a new avenue to access valuable fluorinated heterocycles.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Allylic Defluorination Cross‐Electrophile Coupling Employing Rongalite
Authors: Chen Xiang‐Long , Wu Chun‐Yan , Yang Dong‐Sheng , Tang Bo‐Cheng , Wang Huai‐Yu , Yu Zhi‐Cheng , Li Anling , Wu Yan‐Dong , Wu An‐Xin 
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe conversion of CF3‐alkenes to gem‐difluoroalkenes using reductive cross‐coupling strategy has received much attention in recent years, however, the use of green and readily available reducing salt to mediate these reactions remains to be explored. In this work, a concise construction of gem‐difluoroalkenes, which requires neither a catalyst nor a metal reducing agent, was established. Rongalite, a safe and inexpensive industrial product, was employed as both a radical initiator and reductant. This procedure was compatible with both linear and cyclic diaryliodonium salts, enabling a wide variety of substrates (>70 examples). The utility of this approach was demonstrated through gram‐scale synthesis and efficient late‐stage functionalizations of anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Temporal dynamics, meteorological effects, secondary organic aerosol estimation, and source identification of size‐segregated carbonaceous aerosols
Authors: Tarhan Burçak , Koçak Ebru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring the period 2019–2020, size‐segregated aerosol samples containing elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) were investigated. These samples were collected weekly using an eight‐stage cascade impactor from an urban site located at Aksaray University, Aksaray. The quantification of EC and OC was carried out through a thermal‐optical transmission device. The results revealed consistent size distribution attributes of EC and OC between winter and summer. Although EC accounted for an insignificant percentage (4.4%) of particulate matter (PM) in the PM9.0–10.0 fraction during winter, a more substantial portion of OC in the same fraction (13.4%) comprised EC. Seasonal variations were distinct for EC but not significant for OC. Strong correlations between OC and EC were observed in coarse particle fractions, indicating a common source, with weaker correlations in fine particles. The highest OC/EC ratio was in the PM0.43–0.65 fraction, followed by PM2.1–3.3. The ratio of OC to EC in fine PM exceeded the threshold of 15 consistently. The observation indicates that as particle size increases, there is a noticeable decline in the OC to EC ratios. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) accounted for 60.8% (winter) and 89.8% (summer) of OC values, emphasizing the substantial impact of SOA on Aksaray's atmosphere. Both seasons exhibited a multimodal distribution of ambient OC. In winter, the EC distribution was dominated by fine particles, with a bimodal pattern (PM1.1–2.1 and PM0.43–0.65 peaks). Common pollutant sources, including traffic emissions, road dust, biogenic emissions, and coal combustion, were identified for both seasons in coarse and fine particle fractions. These findings underscore the importance of emission control strategies targeting fine PM in Aksaray.
Functionalized typha biochar for antibiotic removal via low‐carbon integrated method: Performance and mechanism analyses
Authors: Liu Jingrong , Wen Jing , Hu Jingtao , Ma Yuxuan , Wang Xiaojing , Li Huiqin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAntibiotic residues in water represent an urgent environmental challenge. To efficiently remove these residues, a low‐carbon integrated biochar synthesis method was proposed, and an optimized typha biochar (TBIK) was prepared. Compared with the biochar prepared by a conventional two‐step carbonization and activation method (TBTK), the TBIK preparation process reduced energy consumption by 43849.58 J and cut carbon dioxide emissions by 32.80%. TBIK exhibited a large surface area of 1252.40 m2/g and rapidly achieved an equilibrium removal efficiency of 99.95% within 20 min for simulated antibiotics wastewater. Furthermore, TBIK possessed more number of functional groups than TBTK, especially O‐H and C‐S groups. The adsorption stability and tolerance of TBIK in solutions with different ionic strengths and coexisting anions were examined. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analyses were employed to elucidate the morphology and adsorption mechanism of the adsorbent. The microporous structure and abundance of functional groups are key to the excellent adsorption capabilities of TBIK. Thus, this integrated method for biochar production, optimized for treating antibiotic wastewater, holds significant potential for future applications.
Metastasis‐associated 1 localizes to the sarcomeric Z‐disc and is implicated in skeletal muscle pathology
Authors: Xue Hongsheng , Han Li , Sun Haidi , Piao Zhe , Cao Wenjun , Qian Haili , Zhao Zhilong , Lang Ming‐Fei , Gu Chundong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetastasis‐associated 1 (MTA1), a subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) corepressor complex, was reported to be expressed in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscles. However, the exact subcellular localization and the functional implications of MTA1 in skeletal muscles have not been examined. This study aims to demonstrate the subcellular localization of MTA1 in skeletal muscles and reveal its possible roles in skeletal muscle pathogenesis. Striated muscles (skeletal and cardiac) from C57BL/6 mice of 4–5 weeks were collected to examine the expression of MTA1 by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy were performed for MTA1, α‐actinin (a Z‐disc marker protein), and SMN (survival of motor neuron) proteins. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets were analyzed using the GEO2R online tool to explore the functional implications of MTA1 in skeletal muscles. MTA1 expression was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Subcellular localization of MTA1 was found in the Z‐disc of sarcomeres, where α‐actinin and SMN were expressed. Data mining of GEO profiles suggested that MTA1 dysregulation is associated with multiple skeletal muscle defects, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery‐Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, nemaline myopathy, and dermatomyositis. The GEO analysis also showed that MTA1 expression gradually decreased with age in mouse skeletal muscle precursor cells. The subcellular localization of MTA1 in sarcomeres of skeletal muscles implies its biological roles in sarcomere structures and its possible contribution to skeletal muscle pathology.
Recent Advancements in α‐Ga2O3Thin Film Growth for Power Semiconductor Devices via Mist CVD Method: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mondal Abhay Kumar , Ping Loh Kean , Haniff Muhammad Aniq Shazni Mohammad , Bahru Raihana , Mohamed Mohd Ambri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis review discusses the impact of alpha‐gallium oxide (α‐Ga2O3) on potential high‐power device applications. To date, there are high requirements for efficient high‐power delivery and low‐power loss device material in power industries. III‐VI oxide semiconductor family, α‐Ga2O3,is recognized as a promising, future power semiconductor material owing to its ultrawide bandgap of 5.3 eV, high breakdown field of 10 MV cm−1, and a large Baliga's figure of merit. A highly expected α‐Ga2O3power semiconductor electronic device (Schottky barrier diode and field effect transistor) can perform better than conventional semiconductor materials Si, SiC, and GaN. However, there is a lack of research into using mist CVD to cultivate high‐quality α‐Ga2O3for high‐power devices like FETs and SBDs. Currently, the mist CVD‐grown α‐Ga2O3thin film power device is still in its early stages, and one of the main reasons for this is defects of the thin film, which impede material electron mobility. The purpose of writing this article is to provide an overview of the development of α‐Ga2O3heteroepitaxial thin film by the mist CVD process for use in high‐power devices such as Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) and field effect transistors (MOSFET). 1. α‐Ga2O3α‐Ga2O3. Furthermore, multiple viewpoints highlight the challenges and future trends toward device performance sustainability in a scientific society.