bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Variability, Interactivity and Skills in Social Play of Young Chimpanzees Living in Peer Groups and in a Large Family Zoo Group
Authors: Spijkerman René P. , Dienske Herman , van HOOFF Jan A.R.A.M. , Jens Warner 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper provides a detailed comparison of play characteristics of chimpanzees raised in peer-only groups and in a socially complex semi-natural zoo situation. We expected play in peer groups to be of a lesser quality, that is less variable, interactive and skillful. To test this we quantified details such as the diversity of social play types, the bout length, the way social play is started, maintained and stopped and the use of play signals. The differences in play-type frequencies between the groups are most likely caused by differences in housing conditions and demographics; the smaller sex difference in peer group adolescents is most likely due to a limited partner choice. We found no indication that chimpanzees raised in peer groups played less diversely than those in the zoo. The social play characteristics of peer group and zoo chimpanzees are similar, except for the frequency of gnaws before wrestle and the frequency of play-faces within wrestle. Overall, there are no results from which we can conclude directly that chimpanzees isolated from their mother at an early stage and placed in a peer group are less capable in social play, although possibly it is more clear to the zoo individuals that a next interaction will be 'play'; zoo individuals may need less regular removal of ambiguity about the intention of the behaviour. The few differences between peer group and zoo in their social play characteristics that can be related to peer group rearing conditions indicate that the social development in those chimpanzees raised in peer groups is similar to that of chimpanzees in the semi-natural zoo. This is not to say that providing more natural conditions than is usually done in laboratories is unnecessary. These may still add considerably to the animals' well-being and in terms of animal welfare, it can be concluded that a variety of partners in the housing condition is beneficial to speed of sex-role development in young chimpanzees.
Female Attraction To Male Song in House Wrens (Troglodytes Aedon)
Authors: Johnson L. Scott , Searcy William A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the song of male birds can function to attract mates. At 11 different locations on our Wyoming study area, we broadcast the song of male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) from a loudspeaker mounted next to an empty nest box in an unoccupied wren territory. The number of female wrens attracted to the 'speaker box' was compared to the number visiting a silent, control box on another, unoccupied territory nearby. Females visited speaker boxes at a significantly higher rate than they visited control boxes. Ten females visited speaker boxes in six different trials during periods when no male was associated with either the speaker or control box (total time = 45.5 h; visit rate = 0.22/h). In contrast, only one female visited a control box during these same periods (= 0.02 visits/h), and she did so after first visiting the speaker box. Two females visited the speaker box simultaneously in some trials and chasing or fighting always ensued. Many females showed signs of settling permanently at speaker boxes, remaining at speaker boxes from their arrival to the end of the trial (> 5 h in two cases), and most began constructing nests in boxes, despite the absence of a male. In summary, this study provides strong experimental evidence that the song of male house wrens can function to attract mates for breeding.
Gestural Communication and Its Cognitive Implications in Pigtail Macaques (Macaca Nemestrina)
Authors: Maestripieri Dario 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe aims of this study were to identify the context of occurrence of some of the most prominent gestural signals in pigtail macaques and discuss the cognitive implications of some communicative interactions observed in this species. The occurrence of 15 selected visual and tactile behavior patterns in a multi-male multi-female captive group of pigtail macaques was recorded with the behavior sampling method in 100 h of observation. Bared-teeth, presentation, and lip-smack were primarily submissive signals displayed by both males and females, whereas nonthrusting mounts appeared to reflect dominance. Ventro-ventral embracing and eyebrow displays were used as affiliative and bonding patterns between females and between males, respectively. The pucker was the most frequent signal observed in the group. Although the pucker occurred in several different contexts, in most cases this signal served a distance-reducing or summoning function. Gestural signals appeared to be used by pigtail macaques to communicate emotional states and intentions to other individuals as well as to request the participation of other individuals in specific social interactions.
The Development of Larval Behaviours in Sympatric Chilean Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster and Drosophila Simulans
Authors: Godoy-Herrera Raúl , Bustamante Marisol , Campos Patricia , Cancino José Luis 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe patterns of movement and foraging were investigated in larvae of the Chilean sympatric species D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Frequencies of 'rover', 'sitter' and 'digger' larvae, as well as locomotion and the angle size of turning were recorded in nutritive and non-nutritive environments. In these environments the sibling species differ in frequencies of 'rover', 'sitter' and 'digger' larval phenotypes. There are also differences in these frequencies between the populations of each species and across larval age. As development proceeds, the larvae of D. melanogaster and D. simulans become more diverse in their behaviours. Depending on larval age, strain and species, larval locomotion may be: i) similar in the presence and in the absence of food (D. simulans), ii) lower in yeast suspension than on agar (D. melanogaster), iii) higher in the presence of food than on agar (D. simulans). The angle size of larval turning also shows variability which depends on larval age, strain and species. Statistical significance of the correlation between locomotion and turning, and the regression of turning on locomotion in larvae of D. melanogaster and D. simulans depends on larval age, strain, species and the environment in which the larvae grow.
The Interaction Between Pre-Laying Behaviour and Feeding in Hens: Implications for Motivation
Authors: Freire Rafael , Appleby Michael C. , Hughes Barry O. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
While considerable research has been undertaken on the hormonal basis of pre-laying behaviour of domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus), less is known about how the behaviour is initiated and about how changes in this behaviour occur. Two experiments were conducted to investigate aspects of the interaction of pre-laying behaviour with feeding motivation. Experiment 1 examined the effect of the absence of food. Pre-laying behaviour was observed in 20 laying hens either with or without food available. The duration of pre-laying behaviour was longer when deprived of food for short or long periods of time than for hens with access to food. The time of oviposition, however, appeared unchanged suggesting that motivation for pre-laying behaviour is initially increasing and that it competes with feeding behaviour for expression when food is available. Experiment 2 examined the effect of food in the absence of deprivation. The food of 17 hens was topped up at various intervals before oviposition. Contrary to expectation the delay in oviposition was greater (24 minutes) if food was presented closer to the expected oviposition (2 minutes) than if it was earlier (12 minutes before oviposition, which caused a delay of 12 minutes). When interrupted close to oviposition, most birds repeated part of the searching phase of pre-laying behaviour (7 minutes of searching as opposed to 3 minutes). It is concluded that a hypothesis based on competition between motivational systems offers a good predictor for the start of pre-laying behaviour, but not for the duration of interruption later in the pre-laying behaviour sequence.
Scent Identifications By Dogs (Canis Familiaris): a New Experimental Design
Authors: Schoon G.A.A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTraditionally, match-to-sample designs are used for forensic scent identifications: the scent of a perpetrator on a corpus delicti is matched to the scent of a suspect. In a number of cases, e.g. when the suspect is innocent, no match is possible, which leads to specific difficulties. In a new design an odd-even paradigm was followed, and care was taken to meet forensic prerequisites in the experimental setup. Four dogs were trained to compare a human scent (odour 1) on stainless steel tubes, training objects, or typical forensic objects to a human scent on a stainless steel tube (odour 2). Comparisons could be either 'odd' (1 ≠ 2) or 'even' (1 = 2). If the dogs performed poorly in the beginning of an experimental series, they were disqualified from making forensically interesting comparisons. Realistic experiments demonstrated the ability of dogs to compare scents following this protocol, but also showed that the results were influenced by the type of odour 1 and by the type of comparison. The performance of the dogs is compared to the performance of operational dogs in a match-to-sample design: the level of matching 'even' scents is comparable, but the level of non-matching in 'odd' comparisons is substantially higher in the new design. Scent identifications following an odd-even paradigm seem to be more reliable than the customary design. Introducing this new design would however require significant changes in attitude and working conditions of the police.
Vocal Development and Its Differentiation in a Non-Songbird: the Collared Dove (Streptopelia Decaocto)
Authors: Ballintijn Mechteld R. , Ten Cate Carel 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Coo development and its differentiation was studied between the second and eighteenth month of life in captive collared dove males (N = 9) and females (N = 6). During this period eight vocal characteristics were analyzed to determine the nature of age-related changes in the spectrotemporal structure of the perch-coo. At the onset males and females produced coos with the same structure, with exception of the fundamental frequency. In males, age-related changes in fundamental frequency, stereotypy, and coo length were limited. Early stabilization of these parameters may be related to maturation of the syrinx. Vocal activity, bout length, modulation percentage and sound percentage increased, which might be caused by an age-dependent increase in testosterone. The number of harmonics decreased, which might be related to some kind of 'motor practice'. Similar to song development in songbirds, perch-coos of male doves develop gradually into more conspicuous vocalizations, showing some plasticity in form development. In contrast, in female doves none of the vocal parameters changed with age. As a result, the structure of adult female coos continued to resemble that of juveniles, as has also been shown for female song in songbirds. For several vocal parameters the developmental trajectories of male and female coos began to diverge at the age of about one year. Two to three months later the sex differences became significant. Two vocal parameters showed an age-related change in inter-individual variation: vocal activity and modulation percentage of males. These findings support the hypothesis that frequency modulations may play an important role in intra-specific communication, conveying messages about a senders sex and age.
Vocal-Postural Co-Ordination of a Sexually Dimorphic Display in a Monomorphic Species: the Barbary Dove
Authors: Fusani L. , Hutchison R.E. , Hutchison J.B. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In the Barbary dove (Streptopelia risoria L.), communication involves visual and vocal signals. In this species, behavioural interaction between sexual partners leads to changes in the reproductive hormonal condition of both sexes. At the beginning of courtship, male doves perform the bowing display. This display is composed of a stereotyped movement pattern (bowing) combined with an acoustic pattern (bow-call). In this paper, we studied the individual temporal patterning of bowing and the bow-call and how they are integrated in the display. The co-ordination between bowing movements and bow-call was analysed using a digital system for the synchronous analysis of acoustic-visual signals. Bow-calls differ between individuals in both temporal and frequency characteristics, and in their repetition rate. The bowing movements do not differ between individuals in their temporal structure but the repetition rate is individually different. The repetition rates of the vocal and postural motor patterns are highly correlated. However, the two signals are not synchronised and the phase delay between them is individually different. We suggest that in the bowing display the gender and the identity are signalled respectively by the bowing pattern and the bow-call. The integration of the two signals generates a third signal, the integrated bowing display rate. The role of the three signals during male-male encounters and during courtship behaviour is discussed.
Parasitism of Galatheid Crustaceans From the Norfolk Canyon and Middle Atlantic Bight By Bopyrid Isopods 1, 2)
Authors: Wenner Elizabeth Lewis , Windsor Nancy T. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Among twelve species of galatheid and one species of chirostylid Crustacea collected in the vicinity of Norfolk Canyon off eastern U.S.A., four galatheids, Munida iris iris, M. longipes, M. microphthalma and Munidopsis rostrata were found to be infested with bopyrid isopod parasites Munida iris iris was the most heavily parasitized host species with incidence of infestation by Anuropodione carolinensis ranging from 2.0-5.0%. Male M. iris iris were significantly more numerous than females and also had a greater incidence of infestation by bopyrids than females. The size of female A. carolinensis was found to be related to size of the host, which suggests simultaneous molts for both species. Male A. carolinensis were found to have pleons which were either fused, completely segmented, partly segmented or with slight lateral undulations. Significant size differences between males with fused, undulate, and segmented pleons may indicate impending feminization of males with segmented pleons. Single occurrences of bopyrids were observed on the other host species. Munida microphthalina was infested with Bonnieria americana. Munidion longipedis was found on Munida longipes and an undescribed bopyrid was found on Munidopsis rostrata.
Caridina Babaulti Basrensis Subsp. Nov., From the Shatt Al-Arab Region, Iraq (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae)
Authors: Al-Adhub A.H.Y. , Hamzah H.A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDescription de l'Atyide Caridina babaulti basrensis ssp. nov., provenant de la région de Shatt al-Arab, Iraq.
Larval Development of Caridina Babaulti Basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) Reared in the Laboratory
Authors: Salman Salman D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLes larves de Caridina babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah provenant d'une femelle ovigère ont été élevées en laboratoire. Elles ont effectué sept mues avant que l'expérience ne s'achève. Le mode de développement de cette espèce a été comparé avec des descriptions disponibles de larves d'espèces du même genre ou de certains autres genres.
A Copepod of the Genus Rhodinicola Levinsen, 1878 (Poecilostomatoida, Clausiidae) Parasitic On Clymenura Clypeata (Saint-Joseph, 1894) (Polychaeta, Maldanidae) From the Alfaques Inlet (Ebro River Delta, Spain, Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Capaccioni Romana , Gras David , Carbonell Enrique 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This is the first report on copepodites parasitizing the maldanid polychaete Clymenura clypeata (De Saint-Joseph, 1894). Analysis of four specimens has permitted their assignation to the genus Rhodinicola Levinsen, 1878. However, specific identification of these parasites is hindered by incomplete development of the swimming legs. A discussion is provided of differences and similarities between our specimens and other species in the genus Rhodinicola.
New Records of the Deep Sea Crab Chaceojvmediterraneus Manning & Holthuis, 1989, in the Western Mediterranean (Decapoda, Brachyura, Geryonidae)
Authors: Cartes J.E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo ovigerous females of the brachyuran crab Chaceon mediterraneus Manning & Holthuis, 1989, were captured at two different bottom trawl stations on the lower slope in the Catalan Sea. This is the third record of this species from the Mediterranean Sea, where it seems to be endemic, and the first record from Iberian waters. Chaceon mediterraneus was cited previously only at two locations in the Western Basin. Both specimens presented certain abnormalities in the anterolateral spines of the carapace.
The Morphology of the First Zoea Stage of Lomis Hirta (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda, Lomisidae)
Authors: Cormie Anders K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe first zoeal stage of Lomis hirta (Lamarck) is described. The presence of well developed uniramous and segmented pereiopods and rudimentary plcopods indicate that the species has an "abbreviated type" of larval development.
Preliminary Survey On the Distribution of the Freshwater Crayfish Austropotamobius Pallipes in Liguria, N.W. Italy
Authors: Salvidio S. , Cresta P. , Doria G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A survey on the distribution of the freshwater crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Liguria has been undertaken and the results are reported on a 5 km UTM grid. In Liguria, crayfish populations are abundant in several river basins and in different climatic areas. The status and the main hazards of crayfish stocks in the region are discussed.
Biologie Du Mysidacé Suprabenthique Schistomysis Parkeri Norman, 1892 Dans La Zone Sud Du Golfe De Gascogne (Plage D'Hendaye)
Authors: San Vicente Carlos , Claude Sorbe Jean 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The suprabenthic mysid Schistomysis parkeri was monthly sampled in 1991-92 in the swash zone of Hendaye beach (southeastern part of the Bay of Biscay) to determine its life history pattern and secondary production. This motile species is one of the main components of the suprabenthic assemblage inhabiting this exposed beach. Characterized by a patchy distribution and a narrow bathymetric zonation parallel to the shore line, its mean density fluctuated between 6 and 443 individuals per 5 m-2 during the sampling period; nevertheless, the population migrates to deeper grounds of the bay when bad weather occurs. It breeds throughout the year with a maximal recruitment in July and produces three successive generations. The potential longevity of individuals is less than one year and differs between generations. Using the size frequency method, its annual production was estimated to 263 mg 5 m-2 with a corresponding P/B ratio of 9.7; calculated by a multiple regression model, the production estimate was 35% higher but the P/B ratio was in the same order of magnitude.
On the Porcellanid Genera Raphidopus Stimpson, 1858, and Pseudoporcellanella Sankarankutty, 1961, With Description of a New Mangrove Species, Raphidopus Johnsoni From Singapore (Decapoda, Anomura)
Authors: Ng Peter K.L. , Nakasone Yukio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe porcellanid species Raphidopus ciliatus Stimpson, 1858, and Raphidopus indicus Henderson, 1893, are reported from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia respectively for the first time. This is the first record of the genus Raphidopus Stimpson, 1858, from Southeast Asia. A third species of Raphidopus, R. johnsoni sp. nov., is also described from Singapore mangroves. Pseudoporcellanella manoliensis Sankarankutty, 1961, a rare and unusual taxon, is also recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand for the first time. Detailed redescriptions and extensive figures are provided for all four species, and their taxonomy and ecology discussed.
Description of Two New Species of the Genus Synidotea Harger, 1878 (Isopoda, Idoteidae) and Its Occurrence in the Northern Arabian Sea
Authors: Javed Waquar , Yasmeen Rehana 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Two new species of idoteid isopods, Syraidolea fecunda and S. indica, from the Pakistan coast, are described, figured and compared to closely related species. The genus Synidotea is now reported for the first time from Pakistan. Both new species were collected in the rocky intertidal of Manora Island, Karachi.
Two New Species of Afrolernaea (Copepoda, Lernaeidae) From the Kwando River, Namibia
Authors: Oldewage W.H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe genus Afrolernaea was originally described by Fryer (1956). Since then, the type species, Afrolernaea longicollis, has been supplemented by three more species, i.e. A. nigeriensis, A. brevicollis and A. mormyroides. This unobstrusive genus always occurs in low numbers and has, up to now, only been found on mormyrid fishes. Two new species, A. edi sp.n. on Mormyrops deliciosus, Petrocephalus catostoma and Marcucenius macrolepidotus, and A. annemari sp.n. from the first non-morymrid host, Clarias gariepinus, are described from the Kwando River, a tributary of the Zambezi River, Caprivi, Namibia.
Parasitic Copepods From Isurus Oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, From the Central Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rokicki Jerzy , Morozinska Jolanta 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSix species of parasitic copepods were collected from 63 specimens of Isurus oxyrinchus, taken in the Central Atlantic. The occurrence of Pandarus floridanus on this shark constitutes a new host record. Pandarus floridanus was found in the mouth and on the gills of its host. Previous records are apparently from the surface of the body.
Redescription of Alebion Carchariae Kroyer, 1863 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) From Isurus Oxyrhinchus in South Africa
Authors: Oldewage W.H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo species of the genus Alebion have been recorded from sharks off the coast of southern Africa. The specimens were not fully described. The present work describes Alebion carchariae taken from Isurus oxyrhinchus taken near Cape Recife, South Africa. The new specimens bears some resemblance to the original description of Alebion carchariae and Alebion crassus, but differs from them significantly in especially the morphology of the genital segment.
Size At Sexual Maturity in Red Shrimp Females, Aristaeomorpha Foliacea, From the Sicilian Channel (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Ragonese Sergio , Bianchini Marco L. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper reports on the maturity pattern and the estimation of length at sexual maturity for Aristaeomorpha foliacea females, based on two years of seasonal research trawl surveys. Two approaches were used: gonadic condition (empirical scale) and presence/absence of spermatophores. Ready-to-spawn females (IV stage) occurred almost exclusively in summer throughout the area surveyed. Distribution of the proportion of "mature" (III + IV stages) females showed the classic "sigmoid" shape but with a general failure to attain 100% maturity, even though in the largest size classes there is substantial inter-year variability. The presence of spermatophorcs, however, being a sign of adulthood, with almost all the medium/large specimens positive, showed a better approximation to the sigmoid curve. An attempt to combine the two curves, in order to more precisely identify the length at maturity, is illustrated and discussed. The logistic model has been chosen in a form that allows the asymptote to be < 1. The maximum reproductive potential is defined as the point of intersection of the two curves (spermatophores and maturity). This maximum is reached after about 18 months, at a carapace length of 40 mm.