bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular Condylectomy and Meniscectomy for the Treatment of Septic Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis in a Horse
Authors: NAGY AMY DAE , SIMHOFER HUBERT 
Published: October 2006

Objective—To report use of mandibular condylectomy for treatment of advanced degenerative joint disease of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) caused by sepsis.Design—Clinical case report.Animals—Two‐year‐old Noriker filly.Methods—Computed tomography (CT) was used to confirm advanced degenerative joint disease of the left TMJ and for follow‐up after mandibular condylectomy and removal of necrotic meniscus.Results—Painful swelling (3 weeks duration) with drainage located just caudal to the left lateral canthus of the eye was associated with atrophy of the left masseter muscle, masticatory problems, and inappetence. There was incisor malocclusion with a 1.4 cm resting lateral mandibular deviation to the right and inability to open the mouth more than a few centimeters. Left mandibular condylectomy combined with meniscectomy and thorough debridement of the septic left TMJ resulted in resolution of clinical signs and complete return of function.Streptococcus zooepidemicus, intermediately resistant to penicillin and subsequently to enrofloxacin, was isolated from the wound. Regeneration of a mandibular “pseudocondyle” was evident on CT at 4 months. At 4 months and 1 year the filly had maximal mouth opening >10 cm and no malocclusion.Conclusion—Mandibular condylectomy can be used to facilitate management of septic TMJ arthritis. There was no radiologic or clinical evidence of TMJ ankylosis >1 year after meniscal removal.Clinical Relevance—Mandibular condylectomy, including meniscectomy, is an acceptable treatment option for advanced TMJ septic arthritis and allowed return of normal masticatory function.
Comparison of One‐Layer (Continuous Lembert) Versus Two‐Layer (Simple Continuous/Cushing) Hand‐Sewn End‐to‐End Anastomosis in Equine Jejunum
Authors: NIETO JORGE E. , DECHANT JULIE E. , SNYDER JACK R. 
Published: October 2006

Objective— To evaluate single and double layer end‐to‐end anastomosis in equine jejunum.Study Design— Experimental in vitro study.Animals— Mid‐jejunal sections from 12 adult horses without gastrointestinal disease.Methods— Jejunal end‐to‐end anastomoses were performed by a continuous Lembert pattern or a simple continuous pattern oversewn with a Cushing pattern. Jejunal segments were distended with fluid at 1 L/min, and intraluminal pressure at failure, and mode of failure were recorded. Bursting pressure and bursting wall tension were calculated. Anastomosis construction time and degree of luminal reduction were recorded.Results— Single layer anastomoses were constructed in less time than 2‐layer anastomoses. Both anastomotic techniques resulted in luminal reduction compared with control tissue; however, the reduction was smaller with a 1‐layer continuous Lembert anastomosis. No differences were noted in bursting pressure or bursting wall tension between groups.Conclusions— Anastomosis using a 1‐layer continuous Lembert pattern resulted in a larger stoma, was faster to perform, and as strong as a 2‐layer anastomosis.Clinical Relevance— Use of a 1‐layer continuous Lembert pattern for jejunojejunosotomy may be beneficial by decreasing anastomosis time and produce a larger stoma than a 2‐layer anastomosis.
In Vitro Evaluation of a Closed‐Bowel Technique for One‐Layer Hand‐Sewn Inverting End‐to‐End Jejunojejunosotomy in the Horse
Authors: GANDINI MARCO 
Published: October 2006

Objective— To report a technique for closed‐bowel 1‐layer inverting end‐to‐end jejunojejunal anastomosis in horses.Study Design— Experimental study.Sample population— Fresh cadaveric jejunal segments from 12 horses.Methods— For each bowel segment a 1‐layer closed and a 2‐layer inverting end‐to‐end jejunojejunosotomy was created. Anastomosis construction time and anastomotic bursting pressure were measured and compared.Results— Closed‐bowel anastomosis was significantly faster to create than a 2‐layer technique. Luminal narrowing (<30%) was similar with both techniques and comparable with other inverting techniques. Bursting pressure was significantly higher for the 2‐layer technique, although all anastomoses resisted pressures higher than those reported for other jejunojejunal anastomosis techniques.Conclusions— A 1‐layer hand‐sewn, closed, inverting jejunojejunosotomy using a modified Doyen clamp was easy and faster to perform, and resulted in functional characteristics similar to, a 2‐layer hand‐sewn inverting technique.Clinical Relevance— A closed, 1‐layer inverting technique could be considered for equine jejunal anastomosis but requires in vivo evaluation before recommendation for clinical use.
Laparoscopic Intestinal Exploration and Full‐Thickness Intestinal Biopsy in Standing Horses: A Pilot Study
Authors: SCHAMBOURG MORGANE M. , MARCOUX MARCEL 
Published: October 2006

Objective—To assess a laparoscopic technique for equine intestinal biopsy.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Seven adult horses.Methods—Food but not water was withheld for 36 hours before laparoscopy. In 3 horses (group A) standing, right laparoscopic access to different small intestinal segments was compared with ventral median celiotomy access. Inaccessible segments were identified at necropsy. In 4 horses (group B), the feasibility of obtaining full‐thickness duodenal and cecal biopsies and any associated morbidity were evaluated. Biopsy specimens were collected during standing right laparoscopy using a 2‐step procedure and intracorporeal suturing technique, and abdominal lavage was performed. Horses were monitored clinically and by abdominal fluid cytology and microbial culture, and repeat laparoscopy was performed on day 6.Results—Standing right flank laparoscopy provided good observation of small intestinal segments and enabled manipulation of all but 15–20 cm of the duodenum and ∼40 cm more ileum compared with ventral median celiotomy. Group B horses had no complications, no adhesions, and no bacterial growth from peritoneal fluid samples. None of the horses had signs of abdominal pain.Conclusion—A 2‐stage intestinal biopsy technique performed during standing, right flank laparoscopy may be a safe alternative to exploratory celiotomy and biopsy in normal horses.Clinical Relevance—Right flank laparoscopy allows biopsy of intestinal segments including duodenum and 50% more of the ileum than is accessible by ventral median celiotomy. This technique should be evaluated in clinical patients.
“The Information Gap?”
Authors: Teske Paul , Fitzpatrick Jody , Kaplan Gabriel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhile the “achievement gap” generally and appropriately focuses upon gaps in test scores and other outcome measures, there may also be an “information gap” between higher and lower income parents that creates a disadvantage for lower income families in choosing good schools. In this article, we examine the extent to which there is such a gap, with a focus on data from a new survey of low‐ and moderate‐income parents who have made school choices. We find that, at least in relatively mature school choice environments like Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Washington, DC, most low‐ and moderate‐income parents report being quite well informed and they engage in a variety of different activities to become informed. Thus, the information gap between lower and higher income parents may not be as large as scholars and policymakers had assumed. We do find that parents at the very lowest end of the income spectrum, especially those earning less than $10,000 per year, do feel less well‐informed and gather less information, but even here the differences are not enormous, relative to higher income parents.
Sinking Swann: Public School Choice and the Resegregation of Charlotte's Public Schools
Authors: Godwin R. Kenneth , Leland Suzanne M. , Baxter Andrew D. , Southworth Stephanie 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPublic school choice is a widely used tool for education reform and may be a way to improve school accountability and efficiency. This article examines what happened to student outcomes when Charlotte‐Mecklenburg Schools, a large and diverse urban school district located in North Carolina, changed its assignment policy to one of open enrollment with mandatory choice. The previous policy used a broad array of magnet schools and a limited amount of mandatory busing to achieve desegregation. The new policy required that all students choose a school, and it specifically avoided using race or ethnicity considerations in assigning students. The article examines the impacts of the new policy on the end‐of‐grade standardized tests in reading and math. The article uses regression analysis to discover whether the scores of various groups of students increased or decreased after the policy change. The analysis suggests that the “race‐neutral” assignment policy was neither neutral in the opportunity it provided students to attend their school of choice nor in its academic outcomes. Anglo students were more likely to receive their first choice of schools and to improve their scores. African American students were less likely to receive their first choice school and their scores declined.
Hispanic College Attendance and the State of Texas GEAR UP Program
Authors: Weiher Gregory R. , Hughes Christina , Kaplan Noah , Howard Joseph Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article reports the results of an evaluation of the state of Texas GEAR UP project implemented in six school districts from 1998 to 2005. The intent of the program was to enhance preparation for post‐secondary education among low‐income, Hispanic students. The program was comprised of practical interventions including vertical curriculum alignment, training teachers in advanced placement techniques, encouraging students to take rigorous courses, and increasing outreach about college attendance to students and parents. The central dependent variable is reports by parents of graduating seniors about whether their children would be attending college. A multivariate analysis, controlling for household SES, student grades and attendance, household composition, and language spoken in the home indicates that increased student exposure to the GEAR UP program markedly increases the probability that parents will report that their children are going to attend college.
Parent Involvement and Educational Outcomes for Latino Students
Authors: Marschall Melissa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study focuses on the determinants and effects of parent involvement in schools, in the context of urban school districts, and particularly with regard to the schools that serve Latino students. Three research questions are investigated in this article: (1) What are schools doing to support parents, foster involvement and engagement in their children's schools, and generally create strong parent‐school relations? (2) How effective are schools at fostering parent involvement? (3) Do schools with more effective parent involvement practices and greater parent participation perform at higher levels than those with less effective practices and lower levels of parent involvement? Data on Latino representation on Local School Councils (LSCs), school‐level demographic and performance indicators, and information on effective school organization, parent involvement, and school practices regarding outreach and engagement with parents and communities are used to investigate these questions. The empirical analysis demonstrates that in addition to previously established aspects of effective school organization, governing arrangements and Latino political incorporation play a critical role in building stronger, more supportive school–parent relations and in encouraging higher levels of parent involvement in formal school activities. Moreover, these practices and relations were found to have important implications for Latino student performance.
The Role of Management and Representation in Improving Performance of Disadvantaged Students: An Application of Bum Phillips's “Don Shula Rule”1
Authors: Meier Kenneth J. , Doerfler Carl , Hawes Daniel , Hicklin Alisa K. , Rocha Rene R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractScholars and practitioners within the U.S. education system have focused considerable attention on developing new programs aimed at raising educational achievement for disadvantaged students. New programs are only one way to improve student performance, however; recent work in public administration suggests that public management and implementation practices might also have a large impact on student performance. Existing research shows that managerial networking, managerial quality, and effective personnel management can significantly improve the quality of the education received by disadvantaged students. Additional work highlights the contribution of representative bureaucracy. Because these research agendas have targeted the public administration literature rather than the education policy literature, this article seeks to bring this research back to education policy. Using data from several hundred Texas public school districts, spanning 1995 to 2002, and focusing on disadvantaged student performance (Latinos, blacks, and low‐income students), this article illustrates how both management and processes to enhance the representativeness of teaching faculty produce benefits for disadvantaged students.
All Together Now? An Empirical Study of the Voting Behaviors of Homeowner Association Members in St. Louis County
Authors: Groves Jeremy R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHomeowner associations (HOAs), by design, collect homogenous members of a community into a residential development with defined boundaries and contain at least some very active individuals. This implies that HOAs may lower the transaction costs involved with voting resulting in HOA membership increasing voter participation. Further, as more HOAs provide goods and services to their members as substitutes for goods and services provided by the public sector, one would expect HOA members to vote more conservatively and in support of more privatization. Using a detailed population database constructed for Saint Louis County, Missouri, and results from the November 2004 general election, this article analyzes the effect that living in an HOA has on voter participation and on the results of several election issues. Following a similar study by the Public Policy Institute of California, the results show that, once population characteristics are controlled for, there is no HOA effect on the likelihood of HOA members to vote Republican. Unlike previous work, this study shows that if the vote reporting districts are broken into five mutually exclusive categories rather than using the 60% rule used in other studies, areas with more HOAs do show an increase in participation rates and an increased likelihood to vote against property tax increases. The results hold up even after the presence of spatial autocorrelation is confirmed and controlled for.
Patterns, predictors and impact of substance use in early psychosis: a longitudinal study
Authors: Addington J. , Addington D. 
Published: October 2006

Objective:  The purpose was to determine the prevalence of substance use and its impact on outcome 3 years after presentation for a first‐episode of psychosis.Method:  Subjects were 203 consecutive admissions to an early psychosis program. Assessments included substance use, positive, negative and depressive symptoms and social functioning. Assessments occurred at baseline, and 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year follow‐ups.Results:  The prevalence of substance misuse was high with 51% having a substance use disorder (SUD), 33% with cannabis SUD and 35% with an alcohol SUD. Numbers with an alcohol SUD declined considerably by 1 year and for cannabis SUD by 2 years. Substance misuse was significantly associated with male gender, young age and age of onset and cannabis misuse with increased positive symptoms.Conclusion:  This study confirms the high rates of substance misuse, in particular cannabis, in first‐episode psychosis. It further demonstrates that these rates can be reduced.
A growth in bipolar disorder?
Authors: Xu J. , Rasmussen I.‐A. , Berntsen E. M. , Moss K. , Shnier R. , Lagopoulos J. , Malhi G. S. 
Published: October 2006

Objective:  This case report suggests that screening of patients with psychiatric symptoms using modern neuroimaging can help identify organic causes of mental illness.Method:  A single case study was reported.Results:  We report the case of a 25‐year‐old woman with a recent diagnosis of bipolar II disorder having an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan as part of a research project that reveals an intraventricular brain tumour. The latter is most likely the cause of her irritability and ‘hypomanic’ symptoms and is defined anatomically using diffusion tensor imaging and structural and functional imaging using MRI and positron emission tomography.Conclusion:  The lesion in this individual case most probably produces mood symptoms by impinging upon the fornix, a component of the limbic system. However, more generally, the increase in diagnosis of bipolar disorder has to be tempered against alternate causes of similar symptoms and necessitates vigilance of potential organic mechanisms.
Cutaneous clear cell squamous cell carcinoma in situ : clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characterization
Authors: Al‐Arashi Munir Yahya Hussein , Byers H. Randolph 
Published: October 2006

Background:  Clear cell squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) has not been defined in the literature with respect to its clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features.Methods:  Nearly 1500 consecutive cases of SCCIS were assessed for percent clear cell change. The clinical features of all SCCIS with ≥10% clear cell change, including age, sex and site distribution, were compared with classical SCCIS using chi‐square analysis. PAS special staining and immunohistochemical analysis with 11 cell markers were performed to characterize the clear cell of origin.Results:  Eighty SCCIS cases with a spectrum of clear cell change of ≥10% were identified. Six cases with ≥80% clear cells were defined as clear cell SCCIS. The clinical features of the cases did not vary significantly from classical SCCIS. Antibodies labeling outer root sheath (ORS) cells also labeled clear cells in the cases and included K8.12 (labeling CK13 and CK16), cellular retinoic acid binding protein II, CAM 5.2 and CK15. Antibodies that did not label ORS cells, but did label eccrine glands (CK7 and CK18) or sebocytes (EMA), also did not label the cases.Conclusion:  Clear cell change in SCCIS is part of a spectrum which displays ORS differentiation.
Micronutrients affecting adipogenesis in beef cattle
Authors: KAWACHI Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBeef marbling is an important trait of meat quality and beef marbling influences the tenderness and flavor of beef, which contributes directly to the value of beef especially in the Japanese market. The lipid content of beef depends on the strain, sex, diet and fattening period of the animal. Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) are well‐known for their ability to produce marbling beef and this is a popular strain in Japan. The development of beef marbling was closely associated with an increase in the number of adipocytes, that is, adipocyte differentiation in the skeletal muscle. This review article describes our experiment and related reports on micronutrients, especially vitamins and minerals, affecting adipogenesis in beef cattle. We pursue the possibility that manipulating the level of dietary micronutrients may become a new technique to promote beef marbling.
Tunica dartos index as a parameter for measurement of adaptability of rams to subtropical conditions of Egypt
Authors: MARAI Ibrahim F. M. , EL‐DARAWANY Abdel‐Halim A. , ISMAIL El‐Sayed A.‐F. , ABDEL‐HAFEZ Mohamed A. M. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of hot summer climatic conditions (compared to winter) on the libido, semen quality traits, level of serum testosterone hormone and some physiological and body measurements of Egyptian Suffolk rams. A parameter for the tolerance of the rams to adverse hot climatic conditions, designated as the tunica dartos index (TDI), was estimated as the multiplication of the percentage change in scrotal length and that of the percentage difference between rectal temperature and scrotal skin temperature. The relationships between the TDI and semen characteristics were also estimated. The results showed that in summer, the reaction time, pH, percentage dead and abnormal spermatozoa, acrosomal damage and temperatures of rectum, body skin and scrotal skin and scrotal length were significantly higher, while sperm motility, sperm concentration, scrotal circumference and testis length were significantly lower than in winter. The correlation coefficient (r) values estimated between the TDI and each of the semen pH, ejaculate volume, sperm motility and sperm cell concentration were positive, and those estimated between the TDI and each of the reaction time, dead and abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal damage were negative. The best values of libido (low reaction time), semen pH, semen motility percentage, sperm cell concentration and testosterone level were recorded with a high TDI level (7.5 and more), while those of percentage of dead spermatozoa, sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damage were recorded with a low TDI level (less than 4.5). It can be concluded that the TDI correlates well with the reproductive ability of the ram and can be a reliable parameter to indicate the tolerance of rams to hot subtropical conditions in Egypt.
Relationships between daily, morning, evening and peak yield and persistency in Turkish Saanen goats
Authors: PALA Akin , SAVAŞ Türker 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTA matrix of persistency values is given instead of one value of persistency or persistency values based on succeeding test days. Overall, the persistency matrix of morning milk had higher values than the persistency matrix of evening milk. As the distance between the test days increased, the correlations dramatically decreased. The effects of morning milk yield b = 0.23 (P < 0.01) on standard deviation of morning and evening milk yield and on peak the milk yield was higher compared to the evening daily milk yield b = 0.03 (P = 0.05) and the total daily milk yield 0.10 (P < 0.01). Increased persistency means that the lactation curve may be flatter. Since the peak value of morning milk (1597 mL) was lower than evening milk (1799 mL), and morning milk was more persistent than evening milk, morning milk can be said to contribute more to the flatness of the lactation curve. Overall, the morning milk volume (938 mL) was larger than the evening milk volume (835 mL). A 3D plot of peak milk versus morning and evening milk yield indicated that increasing the evening milk yield increases the peak yield while the morning milk yield holds the peak value lower and the curve stable.
Isotopically resolved calibration of the 285-nm Mgi resonance line for comparison with quasar absorptions
Authors: Salumbides E. J. , Hannemann S. , Eikema K. S. E. , Ubachs W. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We have performed high-precision spectroscopy on the 3s21S → 3s3p 1P first resonance line of Mg i at 285 nm. This measurement is motivated by the recent studies comparing observed quasar absorption lines with laboratory measurements in the search for a possible variation of the fine structure constant α. The Mg transition is excited using the up-converted radiation of an injection-seeded Ti : sapphire pulsed laser system, while the frequency of the continuous wave seed light is measured using a femtosecond frequency comb laser. The line positions of the isotopes are fully resolved and have accuracies better than 8 × 10−9. Using terrestrial abundances for the Mg isotopes 24Mg : 25Mg : 26Mg of 78.99 : 10.00 : 11.01, we determine the composite line wavenumber to be 35 051.2808(2) cm−1, which can be compared to the astronomical observations where the isotopic shifts are unresolved.