bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change signals of extreme precipitation return levels for Germany in a transient convection‐permitting simulation ensemble
Authors: Hundhausen Marie , Feldmann Hendrik , Kohlhepp Regina , Pinto Joaquim G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe increase in extreme precipitation with global warming (GW) and associated uncertainties are major challenges for climate adaptation. To project future extreme precipitation on different time and intensity scales (return periods [RPs] from 1 to 100 a and durations from 1 h to 3 days), we use a novel convection‐permitting (CP), multi‐global climate model ensemble of COSMO‐CLM regional simulations with a transient projection time (1971–2100) over Germany. We find an added value of the CP scale (2.8 km) with respect to the representation of hourly extreme precipitation intensities compared to the coarser scale with parametrized deep convection (7 km). In general, the return levels (RLs) calculated from the CP simulations are in better agreement with those of the conventional observation‐based risk products for the region for short event durations than for longer durations, where an overestimation by the simulation‐based results was found. A maximum climate change signal of 6–8.5% increase per degree of GW is projected within the CP ensemble, with the largest changes expected for short durations and long RPs. Analysis of the uncertainty in the climate change signal shows a substantial residual standard deviation of a linear approximation, highlighting the need for transient data sets instead of time‐slice experiments to increase confidence in the estimates. Furthermore, the ensemble spread is found to be smallest for intensities of short duration, where changes are expected to be based mainly on thermodynamic contributions. The ensemble spread is larger for long, multi‐day durations, where a stronger dependence on the dynamical component is ascribed. In addition, an increase in spatial variance of the RLs with GW implies a more variable future climate and points to an increasing importance of accounting for uncertainties.
Patient Sex Mediates the Influence of Patient Age on Superior Canal Dehiscence Repair Outcome
Authors: Yang Hong‐Ho , Yang Isaac , Gopen Quinton S. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the independent and interactive effects of patient age and sex on superior canal dehiscence (SCD) repair outcomes.MethodsThis was a cohort study of consecutive SCD repairs via the middle fossa approach at an institution between 2011 and 2022. We constructed multivariable regression models assessing surgical outcomes with age and sex as the primary predictors. Models controlled for surgery duration, follow‐up duration, and relevant surgical and medical history. Subsequently, we repeated each model with the incorporation of an interaction term between patient age and sex.ResultsAmong 402 repairs, average age was 50 years, and 63% of cases were females. There was a significant interaction between patient age and sex with respect to symptom resolution score (SRS) (adj. β 0.80, 95% C.I. 0.04–1.56). Older age was associated with lower SRS among females (−0.84, −1.29 to −0.39 point per year) but not significantly associated with SRS among males (0.04, −0.65 to 0.56 point per year). Furthermore, older age independently predicted a greater magnitude of increase in air conduction at 8000 Hz following surgery regardless of sex (adj. β 2.1, 0.2–4.0 dB per 10‐year increase).ConclusionsThis is the first study on the interactive effect between patient age and sex with respect to SCD repair outcomes. Older age predicted poorer symptomatic response among female patients but did not predict symptomatic response among male patients. Furthermore, older age predicted more severe high‐frequency hearing loss following SCD repairs among both female and male patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3363–3370, 2024
Coupling effect of partial composite texture and thermal effect on the performance of hydrostatic bearing
Authors: Chen Dongju , Cui Yu , Sun Kun , Fan Jinwei , Cheng Kai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work is focused on performance computation of high speed rotor bearing system with partial composite texture. Since its viscosity at varying speeds affects working performance in different partial composite texture, therefore at design and development stage, it is necessary to know the composite texture and thermal effect acting on rotor‐bearing system that causes variation of performance. The effects of partial composite texture size and position on the performance of the bearing are studied. After the optimal structural parameters are determined, the effects of the partial composite texture and fluid thermos structure coupling on the bearing capacity, stiffness, and friction coefficient of the oil film are analysed. The results show that after considering the influence of thermal effect, the performance enhancement of composite texture bearing is better than that of smooth bearing. Considering the temperature effect, the bearing capacity of the composite textured bearing is increased by 51.4% compared with that of the smooth bearing, and the friction coefficient is reduced to 22.4%, which is better than the value without considering the temperature effect, the accuracy of the results is verified by experiments. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of hydrostatic bearing and improving its performance.
Some remarks on load modeling in nonlinear structural analysis–Statics with large deformations–Consistent treatment of follower load effects and load control
Authors: Schweizerhof Karl , Konyukhov Alexander 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLoad modeling in nonlinear statics, particularly incorporating large deformations differs significantly from the treatment in linear analysis. As in structural dynamics masses in a gravity field generate the loading, their location, and their modifications within the deformation process must be considered in a nonlinear simulation. A specific view besides loading by masses is on gas and fluid interaction with structures. In addition, load control using specifically designed algorithms is evaluated with respect to realistic applications. Within the load modeling an unavoidable, however side aspect, is the general discussion about the so‐called follower forces and non‐conservative loading. As an example of real‐world applications, the specifics of inflated rubber dams are presented.
The consequences of high‐fatality school shootings for surviving students
Authors: Levine Phillip B. , McKnight Robin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of high‐fatality school shootings on the subsequent outcomes of the survivors of those events. We focus specifically on the shootings at Columbine High School (Littleton, CO), Sandy Hook Elementary (Newtown, CT), and Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School (Parkland, FL). We assess the subsequent educational record, including attendance and test scores, and the long‐term health consequences of surviving students. In all analyses, we treat the timing and location of these events as random, enabling us to identify causal effects. Our results indicate that these high‐fatality school shootings led to substantial reductions in attendance and test scores. These educational effects appear to be larger than the effects of shootings with fewer fatalities estimated by others. Children who survived the Columbine shooting were more likely to die by age 30, particularly among boys. They experienced higher levels of suicide and accidental poisonings (overdoses).
TP53 disruptive mutation predicts platinum‐based chemotherapy and PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade response in urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Jin Kaifeng , Xu Jingtong , Su Xiaohe , Xu Ziyue , Li Bingyu , Liu Ge , Liu Hailong , Wang Yiwei , Zhu Yu , Xu Le , Zhang Weijuan , Liu Zhaopei , Wang Zewei , Chang Yuan , Xu Jiejie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTP53 mutation is one of the most common genetic alterations in urothelial carcinoma (UrCa), and heterogeneity of TP53 mutants leads to heterogeneous clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of specific TP53 mutations in UrCa. In this study, a total of eight cohorts were enrolled, along with matched clinical annotation. TP53 mutations were classified as disruptive and nondisruptive according to the degree of disturbance of p53 protein function and structure. We evaluated the clinical significance of TP53 mutations in our local datasets and publicly available datasets. The co‐occurring events of TP53 mutations in UrCa, along with their therapeutic indications, functional effects, and the tumor immune microenvironment, were also investigated. TP53 mutations were identified in 49.7% of the UrCa patients. Within this group, 25.1% of patients carried TP53Disruptive mutations, a genetic alteration correlated with a significantly poorer overall survival (OS) when compared to individuals with TP53Nondisruptive mutations and those with wild‐type TP53. Significantly, patients with TP53Disruptive mutations exhibit an increased probability of responding favorably to PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade and chemoimmunotherapy. Meanwhile, there was no noteworthy distinction in OS among patients with varying TP53 mutation status who underwent chemotherapy. Samples with TP53Disruptive mutations showed an enriched APOBEC‐ and POLE‐related mutational signature, as well as an elevated tumor mutation burden. The sensitivity to immunotherapy in tumors carrying TP53Disruptive mutation may be attributed to the inflamed tumor microenvironment characterized by increased CD8+T cell infiltration and interferon‐gamma signaling activation. In conclusion, UrCa patients with TP53Disruptive mutations have shown reduced survival rates, yet they may respond well to PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy and chemoimmunotherapy. By distinguishing specific TP53 mutations, we can improve risk stratification and offer personalized genomics‐guided therapy to UrCa patients. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A novel fiber‐reinforced polymer rope: Simulation and theoretical investigation
Authors: Zhou Jingyang , Ding Lining , Wang Xin , Su Chang , Huang Huang , He Weiyan , Wu Zhishen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study proposed using twisted rope made of flexible fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRPs) instead of wire and synthetic ropes in high load‐bearing and corrosive environments. Finite element model verification and parameter analysis were conducted for the rope, along with deriving theoretical equations for its tensile properties. Increasing the lay length improved model accuracy, with a maximum bearing capacity within a 10% margin of error compared to experimental results. The model length had minimal impact on calculation results, while changes in radial mesh size (0.13 and 0.2 mm) and friction coefficient (0–0.2) greatly affected maximum contact stress. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the strand remained almost constant (approximately 1142 MPa and 44 GPa) when the friction coefficient was altered. Increasing lay length (6D–20D) enhanced the tensile properties of the strand, whereas tendon diameter (1–3 mm) had negligible impact. Arranging inner and outer strands with the same lay length was better for circular ropes than those with the same lay angle. Inverse lay direction reduced rope torque and increased strand contact stress. Rectangular ropes had higher strength and modulus conversion efficiency, with lower contact stress compared to circular ones. The accuracy of rope equations improved with longer lay lengths, and adding a correction factor for lay length can modify the equation.Highlights
A flexible FRP rope with high strength and twisted form was proposed.
The effect of construction factors on the tensile behaviors of ropes was clarified.
Equations for calculating the tensile properties of ropes were derived.
Study on the preparation of porous polyethylene glycol terephthalate film and the influencing factors of etching rate
Authors: Cao Xiaoming , Hu Shike , Zheng Hua , Mukhtar Aiman , Wu KaiMing , Gu Liyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPorous polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) film is a kind of mesopore structure template with pore size ranging from nanometer to micrometer by chemical etching after irradiation of heavy ions. The etching rate is an important factor affecting the pore morphology and quality of the membrane. In this paper, four stacked PET film were irradiated with 140 MeV 32S ions at room temperature and vacuum. During chemical etching of irradiated samples, the path etching rate Vt was determined by conduction method, and the bulk etching rate Vb was determined by weighing method. The relationship between etching temperature, concentration, sensitization time, and etching rate was studied. The results show that the etching rate is exponentially correlated with the etching temperature, and increases linearly with the increase of the etching solution concentration. When the concentration of NaOH is 3 mol·L−1 and the etching temperature is 75°C, the formation of cylindrical micropores is the most favorable. The pore size of porous PET film can be adjusted, and the relationship between pore size and etching time is . This is of great significance for the preparation of nanowires with uniform size and stable properties.Highlights
We have obtained the optimal conditions for obtaining cylindrical holes.
The relationship between the diameter of holes and etching time were determined.
Orthogonal synthesis and modification of hyperbranched polymers via different colors of light
Authors: Kokcu Esra , Ciftci Mustafa , Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA versatile and straightforward approach for the synthesis of functional hyperbranched polymers with tunable properties is represented utilizing a chromatic orthogonal protocol. The method involves the combination of photo‐induced electron/energy transfer‐reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) and self‐condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP) under visible light irradiation leading to the formation of hyperbranched polymers with well‐defined properties possessing photo‐caged diene moieties. Upon UV light irradiation, the remaining photoenol functionality was efficiently activated for the post‐functionalization of the synthesized hyperbranched polymers with maleimide functional molecules via Diels‐Alder photo‐click chemistry. Both low molar mass and polymeric maleimide functional click components, namely N‐phenylmaleimide, poly(ethylene glycol)‐maleimide and polycaprolactone‐maleimide were quantitively attached onto the hyperbranched polymers under ambient conditions. The results obtained from our protocol indicate high efficiency and convenience, offering a straightforward strategy for the design and synthesis of functionalized hyperbranched polymers. The chromatic orthogonal nature of the protocol enables precise control over the modification process, adding versatility to the materials obtained. Overall, this research lays the groundwork for novel pathways in material design, opening new possibilities for advanced materials with tailored properties.
The utility of nasal nitric oxide in the diagnostic evaluation of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Carr Katherine A. , Moore Paul E. , O'Connor Michael G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is no gold‐standard test for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), rather American Thoracic Society guidelines recommend starting with nasal nitric oxide (nNO) in children ≥5 years old and confirming the diagnosis with genetic testing or ciliary biopsy with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These guidelines have not been studied in a clinical setting. We present a case series describing the PCD diagnostic process at our pediatric PCD center.MethodsDiagnostic data from 131 patients undergoing PCD consultation were reviewed.ResultsIn all participants ≥ 5 years old and who completed nNO using resistor methodology, the first diagnostic test performed was nNO in 77% (73/95), genetic testing in 14% (13/95), and TEM in <1% (9/95). nNO was the only diagnostic test performed in 75% (55/73) of participants who completed nNO first. Seventy‐five percent (55/73) had a single above the cutoff nNO value and PCD was determined to be unlikely in 91% (50/55) without performing additional confirmatory testing. Eleven percent (8/73) had multiple below the cutoff nNO values, with 38% (3/8) being diagnosed with PCD by confirmatory testing and 50% (4/8) with negative confirmatory testing, but being managed as PCD. The genetic testing positivity rate was 50% in participants who completed nNO first and 8% when genetic testing was completed first.ConclusionnNO is useful in three situations: an initial above the cutoff nNO value makes PCD unlikely and prevents additional confirmatory testing, repetitively below the cutoff nNO values without positive confirmatory testing suggests a probable PCD diagnosis and the yield of genetic testing is higher when nNO is performed first.
Time‐dependent gene–environment interactions are essential drivers of asthma initiation and persistence
Authors: Chatziparasidis Grigorios , Chatziparasidi Maria R. , Kantar Ahmad , Bush Andrew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAsthma is a clinical syndrome caused by heterogeneous underlying mechanisms with some of them having a strong genetic component. It is known that up to 82% of atopic asthma has a genetic background with the rest being influenced by environmental factors that cause epigenetic modification(s) of gene expression. The interaction between the gene(s) and the environment has long been regarded as the most likely explanation of asthma initiation and persistence. Lately, much attention has been given to the time frame the interaction occurs since the host response (immune or biological) to environmental triggers, differs at different developmental ages. The integration of the time variant into asthma pathogenesis is appearing to be equally important as the gene(s)–environment interaction. It seems that, all three factors should be present to trigger the asthma initiation and persistence cascade. Herein, we introduce the importance of the time variant in asthma pathogenesis and emphasize the long‐term clinical significance of the time‐dependent gene–environment interactions in childhood.
An intein‐based biosensor to measure protein stability in vivo
Authors: Son Ahyun , Smetana John S. , Horowitz Scott , Lennon Christopher W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiosensors to measure protein stability in vivo are valuable tools for a variety of applications. Previous work has demonstrated that a tripartite design, whereby a protein of interest (POI) is inserted within a reporter, can link POI stability to reporter activity. Inteins are translated within other proteins and excised in a self‐mediated protein splicing reaction. Here, we developed a novel folding biosensor where a POI is inserted within an intein, which is subsequently translated within an antibiotic resistance marker. We showed that protein splicing is required for antibiotic resistance and that housing a stable POI within the intein, compared to an unstable variant, results in a 100,000‐fold difference in survival. Further, using a fluorescent protein that matures slowly as the POI, we developed a reporter with two simultaneous readouts for protein folding. Finally, we showed that co‐expression of GroEL can significantly increase the activity of both reporters, further verifying that protein folding factors can act on the POI in the biosensor. As a whole, our work provides a new twist on the traditional tripartite approach to measuring protein stability in vivo.
VWD domain stabilization by autocatalytic Asp‐Pro cleavage
Authors: Yeshaya Noa , Gupta Prashant Kumar , Dym Orly , Morgenstern David , Major Dan Thomas , Fass Deborah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDomains known as von Willebrand factor type D (VWD) are found in extracellular and cell‐surface proteins including von Willebrand factor, mucins, and various signaling molecules and receptors. Many VWD domains have a glycine‐aspartate‐proline‐histidine (GDPH) amino‐acid sequence motif, which is hydrolytically cleaved post‐translationally between the aspartate (Asp) and proline (Pro). The Fc IgG binding protein (FCGBP), found in intestinal mucus secretions and other extracellular environments, contains 13 VWD domains, 11 of which have a GDPH cleavage site. In this study, we investigated the structural and biophysical consequences of Asp‐Pro peptide cleavage in a representative FCGBP VWD domain. We found that endogenous Asp‐Pro cleavage increases the resistance of the domain to exogenous proteolytic degradation. Tertiary structural interactions made by the newly generated chain termini, as revealed by a crystal structure of an FCGBP segment containing the VWD domain, may explain this observation. Notably, the Gly‐Asp peptide bond, upstream of the cleavage site, assumed the cis configuration in the structure. In addition to these local features of the cleavage site, a global organizational difference was seen when comparing the FCGBP segment structure with the numerous other structures containing the same set of domains. Together, these data illuminate the outcome of GDPH cleavage and demonstrate the plasticity of proteins with VWD domains, which may contribute to their evolution for function in a dynamic extracellular environment.
Protein structure accuracy estimation using geometry‐complete perceptron networks
Authors: Morehead Alex , Liu Jian , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEstimating the accuracy of protein structural models is a critical task in protein bioinformatics. The need for robust methods in the estimation of protein model accuracy (EMA) is prevalent in the field of protein structure prediction, where computationally‐predicted structures need to be screened rapidly for the reliability of the positions predicted for each of their amino acid residues and their overall quality. Current methods proposed for EMA are either coupled tightly to existing protein structure prediction methods or evaluate protein structures without sufficiently leveraging the rich, geometric information available in such structures to guide accuracy estimation. In this work, we propose a geometric message passing neural network referred to as the geometry‐complete perceptron network for protein structure EMA (GCPNet‐EMA), where we demonstrate through rigorous computational benchmarks that GCPNet‐EMA's accuracy estimations are 47% faster and more than 10% (6%) more correlated with ground‐truth measures of per‐residue (per‐target) structural accuracy compared to baseline state‐of‐the‐art methods for tertiary (multimer) structure EMA including AlphaFold 2. The source code and data for GCPNet‐EMA are available on GitHub, and a public web server implementation is freely available.