bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fascism and Aesthetics: Joseph Goebbel's Novel Michael: A German Fate Through the Pages of a Diary (1929)
Authors: Saalmann Dieter 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThis essay attempts to document the relationship between politics and aesthetics in general by using the specific example of Goebbels' prose work, Michael to illustrate the close identity between fascist thinking and aesthetic theories. Even though Goebbels has received ample attention in his capacity as Propagandaminister, Goebbels the artist manqué has been accorded only the scantest of interest. Significantly his Promovierung at the University of Heidelberg in 1921 deals with “Wilhelm Schütz: A Contribution to the History of the Drama of the Romantic School.” He wrote a substantial amount of poetry as well as several plays and essays. Initially, Goebbels attempted to become associated with the Gundolf circle in order to promote his literary efforts, without much success, though. Michael is by no means a work of aesthetic merit. Its sole significance for German intellectual history lies in its ability to demonstrate rather persuasively the fascist credo that the politician engages in a creative act, i.e. as a sculptor who gives form to the masses that constitute his material, and as a painter whose creative endeavor corresponds to the activity of the statesman. The numerous references in Michael to German literature and philosophy provide additional proof of the close affinity between National Socialist ideas in the realm of politics and art. The results of this ästhetisierung der Politik (Benjamin) can be summarized in terms of fascist politics as a Gesamtkunstwerk and the state as a work of art.
Yves Bonnefoy et le réalisme poétique *
Authors: Fauskevåg Svein Eirik 
Published: August 2007

SummaryA une époque où la critique littéraire s'intéresse surtout aux structures formelles d'une oeuvre, au point de négliger souvent l'examen du contenu que recèlent ces měmes structures, l'ambition de la poésie de Bonnefoy est justement de révéler l'ětre, ambition ontologique, que se proposent de montrer les pages suivantes. L'analyse du style, des thèmes et des idées poétiques d'Yves Bonnefoy dégage une phénoménalisation poétique, hautement abstraite, qui vise à relier la conscience subjective et le monde objectif, de manière à surmonter l'opposition du contenu intelligible et du contenu sensible des mots. Cette aspiration qui vise à soumettre, par le truchement d'une symbolisation réaliste, l'intellection à la perception finie accuse une analogie de structure avec l'existentialisme ontologique qu'a élaboré, en théologie, Thomas d'Aquin dans son oeuvre de jeunesse, De ente et essentia, de měme qu'elle se rapproche des idées philosophiques de Sören Kierkegaard concernant I'altérité impliquée dans toute prise de conscience authentique de soiměme. De plus, l'analyse de la phénoménalisation pratiquée par Bonnefoy se propose de dégager une perspective créationniste inhérente à cette phénoménalisation, et c'est là une perspective créationniste qui s'apparente à celle du judéo‐christianisme
Anne Dudens Erzählband übergang: Zum Verhältnis von Angst und Postmoderne in der Literatur der achtziger Jahre
Authors: Menke Timm 
Published: August 2007

SummaryBei der Beschäftigung mit unmittelbar zeitgenössischer deutschsprachiger Literatur fällt der in zahlreichen Werken thematisierte Angstkomplex auf, in sowohl individueller als auch kollektiver Ausprägung. Angst als dominierendes Lebensgefühl bestimmt auch den Erzählband übergang, das Erstlingswerk der Schriftstellerin Anne Duden.Bei der Untersuchung der Angstursachen stößt man in diesem Werk auf Probleme, die im Mittelpunkt der gegenwärtigen Diskussion um den Begriff der Postmoderne stehen, insbesondere die Thematik des Mißtrauens gegenüber einer sinnstiftenden, teleologisch ausgerichteten Vernunft im Sinne der Aufklärung und der Gesellschaftstheorien des 19. Jahrhunderts.
On the Vacuity of the Biblical Sign
Authors: Elbaz Robert 
Published: August 2007

Biblical exegesis has argued over the centuries for the fulness and presence inherent in the biblical space, foreclosing, in effect, any possibility for a theory of sign production. Biblical praxis was limited to the establishment and maintenance of a power structure (political in the narrowest sense) that determined the very process of signification. Meaning could not possibly have arisen outside this power structure. This paper will argue (in contradiction with all centralized theories of signification) for the emptiness and decentralization of the biblical sign as the necessary condition for its production of meaning.An attempt will be made at the elaboration of a theory of Biblical semiotics based on the four interpretational grids of Biblical exegesis: pshat, remez, drash, and sod, that come under the heading PaRDeS ‐ or rather prds: (for, in Hebrew, the vowels constitute a separate, parallel system, and the consonants are the basic ingredients that determine the parameters of the sign) ‘p’ for pshat or literal meaning ‘r’ for remez or allusive meaning ‘d’ for drash or homiletic meaning; and, finally, ‘s’ for sod or esoteric/mystical meaning ‐ the configuration that includes them all. It will be shown that the movement from the first grid, the pshat, to the last grid, the sod, involves a process of distancy from the text and is dependent, in effect, upon the vacuity of the sign. That vacuity, we will argue, makes for the process of generation and multiplication of signs, their production and reproduction.
La dramaturgie d'Abraham sacrifiant de Théodore de Bèze
Authors: Mourad François‐Marie 
Published: August 2007

Dans l'histoire du théâtre au XVI» siècle, la pièce de Théodore de Bèze, Abraham sacrifiant, se distingue par son originalité, notamment en ce qui concerne la dramaturgie. L'auteur est parvenu, grâce à divers procédés, à«théâtraliser» excellemment un épisode très connu de la Genèse.S'inspirant à la fois du théâtre grec et des mystères du Moyen Age, “mais dans le respect du motif biblique, il a su construire un drame puissant et authentique. II a fait preuve de discernement et d'un sens très entendu de la représentation.L'habileté technique se retrouve dans la composition très achevée de la pièce, dans sa structure. Chaque épisode trouve naturellement sa place dans le schéma d'ensemble, selon une progression qui ménage la tension dramatique, voire le pathétique.Quant aux éléments de la scénographie, ils sont certes difficiles à repérer, dans l'état de nos connaissances sur la question, mais ils ont à coup sûr été l'objet des soins de l'auteur, manifestement soucieux d'impressionner son public.Théodore de Bèze a créé, avec Abraham sacrifiant, non seulement la première tragédie en langue française, mais une véritable pièce de théâtre, qui allie habilement une leçon spirituelle conforme à la pensée «réformée» et une remarquable intelligence de la scène.
Differential diagnosis of scleroderma and pseudoscleroderma
Authors: Fabri Mario , Hunzelmann Nicolas 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe different forms of scleroderma and the pseudosclerodermas, which clinically partially imitate scleroderma, are rare. Due to the large variety and variability of the clinical course, particularly at the onset of disease, diagnosis may be difficult. For differential diagnosis, the presence of Raynaud phenomenon, antinuclear antibodies and the distribution of sclerosis play essential roles. Besides discussing the diseases that should be considered in the differential diagnosis, we present an algorithm which should facilitate the diagnosis and allow one to promptly initiate appropriate treatment.
Sexual Function and Satisfaction in Adults Based on the Definition of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Rellini Alessandra , Meston Cindy 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe literature shows a discrepancy in the association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual function. One of the proposed explanations for this discrepancy is the different ways in which CSA is assessed. While some studies explicitly ask potential participants whether they are sexual abuse survivors, others ask whether participants experienced specific unwanted sexual behaviors.AimThis study investigated the differences between women who self-identified as CSA survivors, women who experienced similar unwanted sexual experiences but did not identify as CSA survivors (NSA), and women with no history of sexual abuse (control). CSA was defined as unwanted touching or penetration of the genitals before the age of 16.MethodsA sample of 699 college students anonymously completed a battery of questionnaires on sexuality and sexual abuse history.Main Outcome MeasuresSexual function was measured with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and sexual satisfaction was measured with the Sexual Satisfaction Scale-Women. History of CSA was measured with a modified version of Carlin and Ward's childhood abuse items.ResultsDifferences emerged between women who experienced sexual abuse before age 16 and women who never experienced sexual abuse (control) on the personal distress subscale of the Sexual Satisfaction Scale. The CSA group (N=89) reported greater sexual distress compared to the NSA (N=98) group, and the NSA group reported more distress than the control group (N=512). No significant group differences were observed in the FSFI. Characteristics of the abuse that predicted whether women identified as CSA survivors included vaginal penetration, fear at the time of the abuse, familial relationship with the perpetrator, and chronic frequency of the abuse. These abuse characteristics were associated with sexual satisfaction but not with sexual function.ConclusionsDifferences in levels of sexual satisfaction between women with and without a history of CSA were associated with the type of CSA definition adopted. It remains unexplained why the CSA group showed more personal distress about their sexuality but not more sexual dysfunction.
Continuing Medical Education: Gender Identity Disorders: Diagnostic and Surgical Aspects (CME)
Authors: Sohn Michael , Bosinski Hartmut A.G. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Sohn M, and Bosinski H. Gender identity disorders: Diagnostic and surgical aspects. J Sex Med 2007;4:1193–1208
Transsexualism is defined as a strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the patient's persistent discomfort with his or her sex and a sense of inappropriateness in the gender role of that sex (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth revision, text revision [DSM-IV-TR]). The disturbance is not concurrent with a physical intersex condition and causes clinical distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The trained mental health professional is obliged to find out if the patient fulfills the criteria of an irreversible gender transposition and if he or she will benefit from medical (hormonal and surgical) sex-reassignment treatment. If a patient has absolved 12 months of real-life experience and at least 6 months of continuous hormonal treatment, the indication for surgical sex reassignment may be given. Genital sex-reassignment in male-to-female transsexuals includes vaginoplasty, preferably by inversion of penoscrotal skin flaps, clitoroplasty, and vulvoplasty. The operation may be performed in one or two sessions. In contrast to genital reassignment in male-to-female patients, no operative standards are available in female-to-male subjects. Recently, neophallus creation from sensate free forearm flaps has emerged as the most promising approach for those patients who want to have a neophallus. Other alternatives such as metoidoioplasty or neophallus reconstruction from regional flaps exist, but are also accompanied by multiple possible complications and re-interventions. Best results are to be expected when using multidisciplinary teams of plastic surgeons, urologists, gynecologists, and experts in sexual medicine in large volume centers.
Re‐upping the Contract with Sociology: Charles Mills's Racial Contract Revisited a Decade Later
Authors: Thomas James M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSince its publishing in 1997, Charles Mills's The Racial Contract has changed the way in which sociologists think about and practice the study of race and racism. Nevertheless, it is my belief that this work has not received its rightful place among other canonical works within the field. This article, then, is an attempt to show the utility and creativity within which this work has been used by a number of scholars within the critical race discourse. For it is this body of work that holds the most promise for not only opening new doors in the study of race and racism, but also for liberating us from the racial contract under which we live.
Old Ideas Meet New Technologies: Will Digitalisation Save Public Service Broadcasting (Ideals) from Commercial Death?
Authors: Van den Bulck Hilde 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDigitalisation seems to have reached enough momentum to dominate discussions regarding the state and future of public service broadcasting (PSB) in recent years. Starting from a background overview of the main developments in PSB (policy, structure and content) since its inception, the article analyses current debates regarding the future of PSB. The most heard stakeholders, the dominant positions, discourses and arguments regarding the position of PSB in the ‘new’ digital, interactive, personalised media future are identified. Next, and crucially, this article intends to lay bare the technological determinism implicit in much of this debate and the implications for the way in which the discussion is being held. Taking instead a social constructivist point of view, the article concludes with an analysis of the way in which the main goals of access, universality and quality can be reinterpreted in the light PSB's position in a changing society.
Airway inflammation in the elite athlete and type of sport
Authors: Belda J , Ricart S , Casan P , Giner J , Bellido-Casado J , Torrejon M , Margarit G , Drobnic F 
Published: August 2007

Background:The prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness is greater in elite athletes than in the general population, and its association with mild airway inflammation has recently been reported.Objective:To study the relationship between the type of sport practised at the highest levels of competition (on land or in water) and sputum induction cell counts in a group of healthy people and people with asthma.Material and methods:In total, 50 athletes were enrolled. Medical history, results of methacholine challenge tests and sputum induced by hypertonic saline were analysedResults:Full results were available for 43 athletes, who were classified by asthma diagnosis and type of sport (land or water sports). Nineteen were healthy (10 land and 9 water athletes) and 24 had asthma (13 land and 11 water athletes). Although the eosinophil counts of healthy people and people with asthma were significantly different (mean difference 3.1%, 95% CI 0.4 to 6.2, p = 0.008), analysis of variance showed no effect on eosinophil count for either diagnosis of asthma or type of sport. However, an effect was found for neutrophil counts (analysis of variance: F = 2.87, p = 0.04). There was also a significant correlation between neutrophil counts and both duration of training and bronchial hyper-responsiveness among athletes exposed to water (Spearman’s rank correlations, 0.36 and 0.47, p = 0.04 and 0.04, respectively).Conclusions:Elite athletes who practice water sports have mild neutrophilic inflammation, whether or not asthma is present, related to the degree of bronchial hyper-reactivity and the duration of training in pool water.
The effects of salmon carcasses on soil nitrogen pools in a riparian forest of southeastern Alaska
Authors: Gende Scott M. , Miller Amy E. , Hood Eran 
Published: August 2007

Long-term studies in Alaska have demonstrated that bears may capture and carry to the riparian forest a large number of salmon that return to spawn in small freshwater streams. Most of the carcasses are partially consumed, resulting in a large amount of salmon nutrients in the form of biomass deposited on the forest floor. Using an experimental approach, we examined how these carcasses may influence the spatial and temporal dynamics of soil C and N in a riparian forest in southeastern Alaska. At their peak, ammonium (NH4+-N) concentrations in soil 10 cm from carcasses were as much as several orders of magnitude greater than soils in adjacent control plots without carcasses and remained elevated until the onset of winter. Nitrate (NO3–-N) and δ15N concentrations also increased coincident with maximum NH4+-N concentrations. However, soil N concentrations were only moderately elevated 20 cm from carcasses and closely resembled background concentrations at 30 cm. These results suggest that salmon carcasses, via bear foraging activities, can dramatically influence soil N pools, although the impacts appear to be highly localized and largely dependent on the spatial distribution of carcasses in the riparian forest.
Frost-heaving damage to one-year-old Picea abies seedlings increases with soil horizon depth and canopy gap size
Authors: de Chantal Michelle , Holt Hanssen Kjersti , Granhus Aksel , Bergsten Urban , Ottosson Löfvenius Mikaell , Grip Harald 
Published: August 2007

We studied first winter frost-heaving damage to one-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings planted in gaps made by group fellings (large circular gaps, ca. 500 m2) and single-tree selection cuttings (small irregularly shaped gaps, ca. 175 m2), as well as in uncut forest. One-month-old seedlings were planted on manually exposed LF, Ae, and B horizons that emulated various intensities and depths of scarification. The three experimental sites were located in multistoried Pinus sylvestris L. or P. abies forests on sandy loam or silt loam in southeastern Norway. Altogether, 5% of seedlings sustained frost heaving damage on the LF horizon, compared with 20% on the Ae horizon and 45% on the B horizon. On average, 31% of the seedlings in large gaps incurred frost-heaving damage compared with 20% in small gaps and 19% in uncut forest. Exposed roots and poorly anchored or uplifted seedlings were recurring classes of damage, especially on the B horizon and in large gaps. The above- versus below-ground biomass ratio of seedlings was higher on the B than on the Ae horizon in uncut forest and large gaps, inferring broken roots. Therefore, to reduce the risk of frost-heaving damage, shallow soil preparation and smaller gap sizes should be used.
Boreal forest landbirds in relation to forest composition, structure, and landscape: implications for forest management
Authors: Venier L.A. , Pearce J.L. 
Published: August 2007

We examined a landbird community and its relationship to environmental variables within the boreal forest in north–central Ontario to evaluate its potential usefulness as an indicator of sustainable forest management. Our study had two components. First, we compared bird assemblages in mature forest stands inside Pukaskwa National Park (n = 17) with similar forested stands in a logged landscape (n = 18) over 3 years. We found significant separation of sites in the two treatments based on an ANOSIM (analogue of the standard univariate one-way ANOVA test) of the bird communities (R = 0.238, p < 0.001). We identified four significant indicators of the park landscape (bay-breasted warbler ( Dendroica castanea (Wilson, 1810)), black-throated green warbler ( Dendroica virens (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)), ovenbird ( Seiurus aurocapillus (L., 1766)), and red-eyed vireo ( Vireo olivaceus (L., 1766))) and five indicators of the logged landscape (black-backed woodpecker ( Picoides arcticus (Swainson, 1832)), brown creeper ( Certhia americana Bonaparte, 1838), winter wren ( Troglodytes troglodytes (L., 1758)), white-throated sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)), and yellow-bellied sapsucker ( Sphyrapicus varius (L., 1776))). Some relationships were attributable to differences in vegetation, whereas other differences were attributable to the landscape context. Second, we used generalized additive models to examine the relationship of individual species with four sets of environmental data (understorey floristics, forest structure, overstorey composition, and landscape context) using the 35 sites noted above and 18 additional mature forest sites in the logged landscape (n = 53). We found that all four types of variables were frequently included in the best model based on Akaike's information criterion (AIC) (structure in 23 models, landscape in 20 models, overstorey in 19 models, and understorey in 15 models). We discuss our results in terms of their implications to forest management and note that our ability to map habitat for forest birds is substantially compromised by the lack of good spatial estimates of environmental variables that describe bird habitat.
Linear Coding of Voice Onset Time
Authors: Frye Richard E. , Fisher Janet McGraw , Coty Alexis , Zarella Melissa , Liederman Jacqueline , Halgren Eric 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Voice onset time (VOT) provides an important auditory cue for recognizing spoken consonant-vowel syllables. Although changes in the neuromagnetic response to consonant-vowel syllables with different VOT have been examined, such experiments have only manipulated VOT with respect to voicing. We utilized the characteristics of a previously developed asymmetric VOT continuum [Liederman, J., Frye, R. E., McGraw Fisher, J., Greenwood, K., & Alexander, R. A temporally dynamic contextual effect that disrupts voice onset time discrimination of rapidly successive stimuli. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 12, 380–386, 2005] to determine if changes in the prominent M100 neuromagnetic response were linearly modulated by VOT. Eight right-handed, English-speaking, normally developing participants performed a VOT discrimination task during a whole-head neuromagnetic recording. The M100 was identified in the gradiometers overlying the right and left temporal cortices and single dipoles were fit to each M100 waveform. A repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc contrast test for linear trend was used to determine whether characteristics of the M100 were linearly modulated by VOT. The morphology of the M100 gradiometer waveform and the peak latency of the dipole waveform were linearly modulated by VOT. This modulation was much greater in the left, as compared to the right, hemisphere. The M100 dipole moved in a linear fashion as VOT increased in both hemispheres, but along different axes in each hemisphere. This study suggests that VOT may linearly modulate characteristics of the M100, predominately in the left hemisphere, and suggests that the VOT of consonant-vowel syllables, instead of, or in addition to, voicing, should be examined in future experiments.