bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and atopic features of patients with primary eosinophilic colitis: an Italian multicentre study
Authors: Rossi Carlo Maria , Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Merli Stefania , Lo Bello Antonio , Mauro Aurelio , Anderloni Andrea , Ribaldone Davide Giuseppe , Marabotto Elisa , Vernero Marta , Sheijani Shirin Djahandideh , Maniero Daria , Vanoli Alessandro , Klersy Catherine , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo , Di Sabatino Antonio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEosinophilic colitis (EC) is the rarest among primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). EC is underdiagnosed due to its blurred and proteiform clinical manifestations. To explore the clinical and atopic characteristic of EC adult patients, the diagnostic delay, and relapse-associated factors, by comparison with patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). EC patients followed-up at four clinics were included, and clinical, histopathological, and laboratory data were retrieved. As control groups, age-matched patients with EoE and IBS were recruited. Allergy tests included skin prick test and serum specific IgE. Diagnostic delay was assessed. Overall, data from 73 patients were retrieved, including 40 with EC (median age 39 years IQR 22.5–59, F:M 2.1:1), 12 with EoE (F:M ratio: 1:5), and 21 with IBS (F:M ratio: 1:0.9). The most common features in EC patients were female sex (67.5%), atopy (77.5%), abdominal pain/distention (70%), diarrhoea (77.5%), and faecal calprotectin elevation (22.5%). Blood eosinophils were elevated in EoE, but not in EC (p < 0.001), while ECP did not differ across the three groups (p = 0.4). The frequency of allergen sensitization reached 25% of patients. Several frequent pan-allergens for this region were present. The overall diagnostic delay was 10 months (IQR 4–15). Factors contributing to a greater diagnostic delay were atopy, weight loss, and a previous misdiagnosis. EC is mostly a diagnosis of exclusion, burdened by a substantial diagnostic delay. In female patients the presence of allergen sensitization, abdominal symptoms and faecal calprotectin elevation should raise the suspicion of EC.
‘The highest confidence that repetitive head collisions causes chronic traumatic encephalopathy’? Analysing the scientific knowledge in the Rugby Union concussion litigation of England and Wales
Authors: Kilgallon Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract295 rugby players have begun legal proceedings against World Rugby, the Rugby Football Union and the Welsh Rugby Union. The claimants report they are suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Among the allegations against the defendants is that the player safety regulations (i.e. the Pitch Side Concussion Assessment and Return to Play protocols) in place at the time of injury were done without proper medical foresight and increased the risks of concussion to players. World Rugby’s safety regulations are informed by the work of the Concussion in Sport Group which maintains that the link between collisions and concussion is unclear. However, recent studies report an unprecedented confidence that sports-related concussion causes brain disease. In 2022, the Concussion in Sport Groups lead author resigned due to 10 counts of plagiarism. This saga risks damaging public respect for both the safety regulations and the science underpinning it. This article examines the state of the scientific literature and considers the challenges in proving (1) the governing bodies breached their duty of care and; (2) the causal link between collisions and brain injury. This article argues that 2022 marked the year that defendants can no longer deny the dangers of sports-related concussion, however, defining the moment when the risks ought to be known remains onerous. On causation, this article examines the principles of material contribution, doubling of the risk, and the material increase in risk. The article concludes with policy considerations inviting an extension of the material increase in risk principle to sports settings.
Perioperative outcome, long-term mortality and time trends in elderly patients undergoing low-, intermediate- or major non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Tjeertes E. K. M. , Simoncelli T. F. W. , van den Enden A. J. M. , Mattace-Raso F. U. S. , Stolker R. J. , Hoeks S. E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Decision-making whether older patients benefit from surgery can be a difficult task. This report investigates characteristics and outcomes of a large cohort of inpatients, aged 80 years and over, undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Methods
This observational study was performed at a tertiary university medical centre in the Netherlands. Patients of 80 years or older undergoing elective or urgent surgery from January 2004 to June 2017 were included. Outcomes were length of stay, discharge destination, 30-day and long-term mortality. Patients were divided into low-, intermediate and high-risk surgery subgroups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate the association of risk factors and outcomes. Secondary outcomes were time trends, assessed with Mantel–Haenszel chi-square test.

Results
Data of 8251 patients, undergoing 19,027 surgical interventions were collected from the patients’ medical record. 7032 primary procedures were suitable for analyses. Median LOS was 3 days in the low-risk group, compared to six in the intermediate- and ten in the high-risk group. Median LOS of the total cohort decreased from 5.8 days (IQR 1.9–14.5) in 2004–2007 to 4.6 days (IQR 1.9–9.0) in 2016–2017. Three quarters of patients were discharged to their home. Postoperative 30-day mortality in the low-risk group was 2.3%. In the overall population 30-day mortality was high and constant during the study period (6.7%, ranging from 4.2 to 8.4%).

Conclusion
Patients should not be withheld surgery solely based on their age. However, even for low-risk surgery, the mortality rate of more than 2% is substantial. Deciding whether older patients benefit from surgery should be based on the understanding of individual risks, patients’ wishes and a patient-centred plan.
Time delay recurrent neural networks via PID control law to complex dynamic systems
Authors: Perez Jose P. , Perez P Joel , Perez D J. Javier , Estevane Pablo Salinas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an extension to the theory on the analysis of stability of complex systems with time delay of fractional order; the previous study is based on the theory of functions of Lyapunov–Krasovskii and the fractional-order PID control law. The analytical results are illustrated by the simulation of fractional nonlinear systems interconnected with time delay which are forced to follow complex trajectories as chaotic systems.
Once upon a time: the glucagon stimulation test in diagnosing adult GH deficiency
Authors: Cuboni D. , Caputo M. , Ghigo E. , Aimaretti G. , Gasco V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The clinical features of adult GH deficiency (GHD) are nonspecific, and its diagnosis is established through GH stimulation testing, which is often complex, expensive, time-consuming and may be associated with adverse side effects. Moreover, diagnosing adult GHD can be challenging due to the influence of age, gender, and body mass index on GH peak at each test. The insulin tolerance test (ITT), GHRH + arginine test, glucagon stimulation test (GST), and, more recently, testing with macimorelin are all recognized as useful in diagnosing adult GHD. To date GST is still little used, but due to the unavailability of the GHRH all over the world and the high cost of macimorelin, in the next future it will probably become the most widely used test when ITT is contraindicated. The aim of the present review is to describe the current knowledge on GST.

Methods
Narrative review.

Results
In the last years several studies have suggested some changes in the original GST protocol and have questioned its diagnostic accuracy when the classic GH cut-point of 3 μg/L is used, suggesting to use a lower GH cut-point to improve its sensitivity and specificity in overweight/obese patients and in those with lower pretest GHD probability.

Conclusion
This document provides an update on the utility of GST, summarizes how to perform the test, shows which cut-points should be used in interpreting the results, and discusses its drawbacks and caveats referring to the most recent studies.
First report of Cryptostroma corticale on Aesculus hippocastanum causing sooty bark disease in Germany
Authors: Brenken Ann-Christin , Kehr Rolf , Riebesehl Janett , Esch Jonas , Enderle Rasmus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCryptostroma corticale is the causal agent of sooty bark disease, which was first described in the middle of the last century and has developed in recent years to a relevant threat for Acer spp. trees in Central Europe. Triggered by extreme heat and drought, this tree disease is becoming more and more important in the course of climate change. Acer pseudoplatanus is a particularly affected tree species, but the disease has also been observed on other Acer spp., and there is some indication that there are suitable hosts outside the Acer genus. In literature, Aesculus hippocastanum was mentioned twice to be a host, however, without any proof or details. With this study, we verify the assumption that A. hippocastanum is a host of C. corticale by morphological and phylogenetic analyses based on a case in Germany. Furthermore, we provide microscope pictures of microtome sections of the specimens, showing the spore production of C. corticale on A. hippocastanum.
Activation of carbon dioxide on zinc oxide surfaces doped with cerium
Authors: Doria Angeles , Ponnefz Durango Rafael E. , Alcalá Varilla Luis A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe adsorption of carbon dioxide on the surfaces of zinc oxide doped with cerium was studied. For this, a theoretical study was carried out using computational simulations based on density functional theory to determine possible improvements in photocatalytic activity. for the capture and dissociation of carbon dioxide. Calculations were performed using density functional theory within the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation, also the Hubbard correction together with ultrasmooth atomic pseudopotentials and a basic plane wave implemented in the Quantum-ESPRESSO package. The doping concentration level considered in this work was 6.25%, among the results, the semiconducting character of zinc oxide was evident from the density of states calculations, it was also found that by adding cerium impurities to zinc oxide, the values of the lengths and angles of the bonds vary a little, this may be due to the small difference in covalent radius that the zinc atom has with respect to the cerium atom, consequently, changes occurred in the electronic properties that consist in intermediate states in the energy bandgap located around the Fermi energy. This may suggest that the cerium-doped zinc oxide system can probably absorb visible light, which could lead to possible improvements in the photocatalytic properties of the material. Furthermore, we found that by adding carbon dioxide to the cerium-doped zinc oxide surface, the carbon dioxide is activated and this could suggest the dissociation or reduction of this contaminant.
Identification of Key Factors in Cartilage Tissue During the Progression of Osteoarthritis Using a Non-targeted Metabolomics Strategy
Authors: Sun Shiyu , Chen Minghui , Zhang Tingting , Wang Yanyan , Shen Weijun , Zhang Tao , Liu Jian , Lan Haidan , Zhao Jianyuan , Lin Fuqing , Zhao Xuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research was to reveal the key factors in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) using non-targeted metabolomics and to find targeted therapies for patients with OA. Twenty-two patients with knee OA scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were divided into two groups: Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade 3 (n = 16) and grade 4 (n = 6), according to plain X-rays of the knee. After the operation, the cartilages of femur samples were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics. When compared with grade 3 patients, the levels of choline, 2-propylpiperidine, rhamnose, and monomethyl glutaric acid were higher; while 1-methylhistamine, sphingomyelin (SM) (d18:1/14:0), zeranol, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol, 5-aminopentanamide, dihydrouracil, 2-hydroxypyridine, and 3-amino-2-piperidone were lower in grade 4 patients. Furthermore, some metabolic pathways were found to be significantly different in two groups such as the pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis pathway, the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, histidine metabolism pathway, lysine degradation pathway, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway, fructose and mannose metabolism pathway, the pyrimidine metabolism pathway, and beta-alanine metabolism pathway. This work used non-targeted metabolomics and screened out differential metabolites and metabolic pathways, providing a reliable theoretical basis for further study of specific markers and their specific pathways in the progression of OA.
Equivariant Hodge polynomials of heavy/light moduli spaces
Authors: Kannan Siddarth , Serpente Stefano , Yun Claudia He 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Let

$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g, m|n}$

denote Hassett’s moduli space of weighted pointed stable curves of genus g for the heavy/light weight data

$$\begin{align*}\left(1^{(m)}, 1/n^{(n)}\right),\end{align*}$$

and let

$\mathcal {M}_{g, m|n} \subset \overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g, m|n}$

be the locus parameterizing smooth, not necessarily distinctly marked curves. We give a change-of-variables formula which computes the generating function for

$(S_m\times S_n)$

-equivariant Hodge–Deligne polynomials of these spaces in terms of the generating functions for

$S_{n}$

-equivariant Hodge–Deligne polynomials of

$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}$

and

$\mathcal {M}_{g,n}$

.
Mobility, Migration, and Mobile Migration
Authors: Milioni Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur world is mobile. People move, either within the state or from one state to another, to access opportunities, to improve their living conditions, or to start afresh. Yet, we usually assume that migration is an exceptional activity that leads to permanent settlement. In this paper, I invite us to reconsider this assumption. First, I analyse several ways in which people experience mobility in contemporary societies. Then, I turn to migration, as a specific form of mobility. I distinguish between a legal/administrative, a social, and a self-identification-based approach to migration, demonstrating that they lead to divergent definitions of who is a migrant. I proceed by introducing the concept of mobile migration and by developing a typology of mobile migrants. I conclude that, in order to devise migration policies that treat migrants fairly, a careful consideration of the claims and interests of the different types of mobile migrants is necessary.
EMM EMUS Observations of Hot Oxygen Corona at Mars: Radial Distribution and Temporal Variability
Authors: Chirakkil Krishnaprasad , Deighan Justin , Chaffin Michael S. , Jain Sonal K. , Lillis Robert J. , Raghuram Susarla , Holsclaw Greg , Brain David A. , Thiemann Ed , Chamberlin Phil , Fillingim Matthew O. , Evans J. Scott , England Scott , AlMatroushi Hessa , AlMazmi Hoor , Eparvier Frank , Gacesa Marko , El‐Kork Nayla , Curry Shannon M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present the first observations of the dayside coronal oxygen emission in far ultraviolet (FUV) measured by the Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) onboard the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM). The high sensitivity of EMUS is providing an opportunity to observe the tenuous oxygen corona in FUV, which is otherwise difficult to observe. Oxygen resonance fluorescence emission at 130.4 nm provides a measurement of the upper atmospheric and exospheric oxygen. More than 500 oxygen corona profiles are constructed using the long–exposure time cross–exospheric mode (OS4) of EMUS observations. These profiles range from ∼200 km altitude up to several Mars radii (>6 RM) across all seasons and for two Mars years. Our analysis shows that OI 130.4 nm is highly correlated with solar irradiance (solar photoionizing and 130.4 nm illuminating irradiances) as well as changes in the Sun–Mars distance. The prominent short term periodicity in oxygen corona brightness is consistent with the solar rotation period (quasi–27–day). A comparison between the perihelion seasons of Mars Year (MY) 36 and MY 37 shows interannual variability with enhanced emission intensities during MY 37, due to the rise of Solar Cycle 25. These observations show a highly variable oxygen corona, which has significant implications on constraining the photochemical escape of atomic oxygen from Mars.
Recent Widespread Deposition in the Martian North and South Polar Layered Deposits as Revealed by Multiband SHARAD Surface Reflectivity
Authors: Jawin Erica R. , Campbell Bruce A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe north and south polar layered deposits (PLD) on Mars are composed of stacks of layered ice and dust, but the SPLD is approximately twice as bright as the NPLD in 20‐MHz radar echoes. We use Shallow Radar (SHARAD) data in ∼4‐MHz bands centered on 17.5 MHz (“L”) and 22.5 MHz (“H”) to determine whether radar reflectivity variations are due to scattering effects related to closely spaced, near‐surface dielectric layering. We mapped the ratio of the surface echo power at the two frequencies (H/L) for both PLDs. The NPLD has large areas where H and L echo power differ, consistent with destructive interference in the H band within the uppermost ∼20 m. The SPLD is dominated by H ∼ L (unity), except for isolated regions in and near the residual CO2 cap and Australe Lingula. The H/L variations can be partly explained by near‐surface structure, where large variations in H/L match locations with numerous near‐surface reflecting interfaces, and locations where H ∼ L may contain few such reflectors. There is no obvious connection between H/L and surface morphology, but the distribution of non‐unity H/L resembles the extent of a widespread, recent accumulated package (WRAP) at both poles. The spatial association between H/L and WRAP and interference indicated by H/L suggests that large regions in the NPLD—and isolated areas in the SPLD—are characterized by shallow layer(s) of consistent thickness/separation potentially deposited within the past few tens of kyr as Mars emerged from the last obliquity‐driven ice age.
Water‐Ice Dominated Spectra of Saturn's Rings and Small Moons From JWST
Authors: Hedman M. M. , Tiscareno M. S. , Showalter M. R. , Fletcher L. N. , King O. R. T. , Harkett J. , Roman M. T. , Rowe‐Gurney N. , Hammel H. B. , Milam S. N. , El Moutamid M. , Cartwright R. J. , de Pater I. , Molter E. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJWST measured the infrared spectra of Saturn's rings and several of its small moons (Epimetheus, Pandora, Telesto, and Pallene) as part of Guaranteed Time Observation program 1247. The NIRSpec instrument obtained near‐infrared spectra of the small moons between 0.6 and 5.3 microns, which are all dominated by water‐ice absorption bands. The shapes of the water‐ice bands for these moons suggests that their surfaces contain variable mixes of crystalline and amorphous ice or variable amounts of contaminants and/or sub‐micron ice grains. The near‐infrared spectrum of Saturn's A ring has exceptionally high signal‐to‐noise between 2.7 and 5 microns and is dominated by features due to highly crystalline water ice. The ring spectrum also confirms that the rings possess a 2%–3% deep absorption at 4.13 microns due to deuterated water ice previously seen by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft. This spectrum also constrains the fundamental absorption bands of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and may contain evidence for a weak aliphatic hydrocarbon band. Meanwhile, the MIRI instrument obtained mid‐infrared spectra of the rings between 4.9 and 27.9 microns, where the observed signal is a combination of reflected sunlight and thermal emission. This region shows a strong reflectance peak centered around 9.3 microns that can be attributed to crystalline water ice. Since both the near and mid‐infrared spectra are dominated by highly crystalline water ice, they should provide a useful baseline for interpreting the spectra of other objects in the outer solar system with more complex compositions.
Identifying key antioxidative stress factors regulating Nrf2 in the genioglossus with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem-cell therapy
Authors: Guo Haixian , Liu Yue , Yu Xinlu , Tian Na , Liu Yan , Yu Dan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntermittent hypoxia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is associated with pharyngeal cavity collapse during sleep. The effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) on OSA-induced oxidative damage in the genioglossus and whether nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) or its upstream genes play a key role in this process remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the key factors responsible for oxidative damage during OSAHS through Nrf2 analysis and hypothesize the mechanism of HUCMSC therapy. We simulated OSA using an intermittent hypoxia model, observed the oxidative damage in the genioglossus and changes in Nrf2 expression during intermittent hypoxia, and administered HUCMSCs therapy. Nrf2 initially increased, then decreased, aggravating the oxidative damage in the genioglossus; Nrf2 protein content decreased during hypoxia. Using transcriptomics, we identified seven possible factors in HUCMSCs involved in ameliorating oxidative stress by Nrf2, of which DJ-1 and MEF2A, showing trends similar to Nrf2, were selected by polymerase chain reaction. HUCMSCs may reduce oxidative stress induced by intermittent hypoxia through Nrf2, and the possible upstream target genes in this process are MEF2A and DJ-1. Further studies are needed to verify these findings.
Morphological and morphometric anatomy of the lesser occipital nerve and its possible clinical relevance
Authors: Saglam Latif , Coskun Osman , Gayretli Ozcan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe lesser occipital nerve (LON) has one of the most variations among occipital nerves. We aimed to investigate morphological and morphometric features of LON. A total of 24 cadavers, 14 males (58%) and 10 females (42%), were dissected bilaterally. LON was classified into 3 types. The number of branches and the perpendicular distances of the point where LON emerged from the posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle to vertical and transverse lines passing through external occipital protuberance were determined. The shortest distance between LON and great auricular nerve (GAN), and linear distance of LON to its branching point were measured. The most common variant was Type 1 (30 sides, 62.5%), followed by Type 2 (12 sides, 25%) and Type 3 (6 sides, 12.5%), respectively. In males, Type 1 (22 sides, 78.6%) was the most common, while Type 1 (8 sides, 40%) and Type 2 (8 sides, 40%) were equally common and the most common in females. On 48 sides, 2–9 branches of LON were observed. The perpendicular distance of said point to vertical and transverse lines was meanly 63.69 ± 11.28 mm and 78.83 ± 17.21 mm, respectively. The shortest distance between LON and GAN was meanly 16.62 ± 10.59 mm. The linear distance of LON to its branching point was meanly 31.24 ± 15.95 mm. The findings reported in this paper may help clinicians in estimating the location of the nerve and/or its branches for block or decompression surgery as well as preservation of LON during related procedures.