bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Genetic Control of Hybrid Plant Development in Interspecific Crosses between Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. acutifolius A. Gray
Authors: Parker J. P. , Michaels T. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrosses were performed between nine Phaseolus vulgaris lines (as females) and seven P. acutifolius lines (as‐ male to examine parental compatibility for the production of vigorous hybrid And backcross plants, in vitro embryo rescue techniques were required to secure hybrid and backcross proseny following interspecific crossing. Seedling development appeared to be dependent on which allele the P. vulgaris parent carried at an interspecific incompatibility locus. Seven of the nine P. vulgaris lines tested carried an allele at this locus which interacted with a nuclear factor in the P. acutifolius genome resulting in stunted, sub‐lethal hybrids. The lines, ICA pijao' and ‘Sacramento Light Red Kidney’ did not carry this allele and produced vigorous hybrid progeny in combination with all P. acutifolius parents. Intensive backcrossing produced progeny which also segregated for sub‐lethal and viable plant development. The observed segregation patterns suggest that a bridge crossing scheme would facilitate the introgression of P. acutifolius germplasm into incompatible P. vulgaris lines. Similarities, with an intraspecific incompatibility system are discussed.
Molybdenum Uptake and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Evidence for Heterosis
Authors: Ramani Saradha , Kannan S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe absorption of Mo by the roots and. transport to the shoot of intact seedlings of a sorghum hybrid and its parent cultivars were measured for 3 h from 10 to 100 μmol ammonium molybdate. The patterns of absorption revealed hybrid vigour and the hybrid followed the patterns of the male‐ parent 168. Studies on the effects of different amounts of Mo on the nitrate reductase activity also showed the occurrence of hybrid vigour in the‐ hybrid CSH‐7.
Cytological and Isozyme Evaluation of Tall Fescue × Italian Ryegrass Hybrids
Authors: Eizenga G. C , Buckner R. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDevelopment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., 2n = 6x ‐ 42) × Italian rye‐grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., 2n = 2 ×= 14) hybrids would enhance efforts to improve the quality of tall fescue. Two ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue ×‘Lemtal Italian ryegrass hybrids were obtained via embryo rescue on MS media containing casein hydrolysate, ascorbic acid and sucrose. Chromosome pairing at metaphase I had an average of more than 12 bivalents per cell. Since Festuca‐Lolium pairing can account only for seven of the paired chromosomes, intergenomic as well as interspecific chromosome pairing is indicated. There was no cytoplasmic effect on chromosome pairing.To determine if enzymes could be used as genetic markers for distinguishing hybrids from self‐contaminants in crosses, zymograms of PGI, 6‐PGD, MDH, GOT and ACPH were obtained from parents and hybrids using starch gel etectrophoresis. PGI, 6‐PGD and MDH had fewer bands in the diploid ryegrass, as compared with the hexaploid tall fescue and the tetraploid hybrid.
Divergent Selection for Heading Date in Barley
Authors: Tuberosa R. , Sanguineti M. C. , Conti S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDivergent selection for heading time was performed in two F2 barley population. Five populations were obtained for each cross: F5 SSD (unselected control), 3E and 3L (from three cycles of selection for earliness or lateness), 2E1L and ZL1E (from two cycles of direct and one of reverse selection). These populations, together with corresponding parents and F2 generations, were evaluated over two years. The response to selection was 5.6 and 6.5 days inane direction (earlier heading) and 7.7 and 6.7 clays in the other direction (later heading) in the two crosses, respectively. 3E and 3L populations were highly transgressive as compared to their parents. A sizeable amount of genetic variability was still present after two cycles of selection. Heading was probably controlled by a polygenic system with prevailing additive effects and alleles for earliness and earliness somewhat equally distributed in the parents. Selection fur heading time led to significant changes in plant height, yield and kernel weight. Early progenies were higher yielding than lace ones.
Triple Test Cross Analysis in F2 Populations of Four Promising Crosses of Field Pea
Authors: Singh B. B. , Singh U. P. , Rai B. , Singh R. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe components of genetic variation were studied in four F2 crosses (PG3× 5064, T163× B.V., T163× Arkel and 5064 × ED) for quantitative characters such as days to flowering, plant height, pod number, seed number, test weight and yield/plant. The overall epistasis (T type) was, in general, a major contributor for genetically controlling the expression of the characters in all the‐ four crosses except for the character seed number in crosses 1 and JV, where the j + l component at epistasis played a significant role in determining the expression of this attribute:. Though the ‘j + l’ component of the epistasis was significant, it was relatively less important than the ‘i’ type epistasis. Both the additive and dominance components of the genetic variation were highly significant for all the trans studied in all die four sets of crosses. The expression of the dominance was directional only for a few characters in certain crosses. The degree of dominance lies in the partial range, and heritability estimates obtained were high for most of the trails. The possible application of cross prediction in the isolation of superior recombinant inbred lines in pea is discussed.
Use of the Single Seed Descent Method in Breeding Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: Fernandez Martinez J. , Dominguez Gimenez J. , Jimenez A. , Hernandez L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe single seed descent (SSD) method of selection has been evaluated in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The initial population of this study was a BC2F1 from a cross between a well adapted and a high oil cultivar. Transgressive segregation for yield and oil content producing lines with considerably higher values than the better parent was observed in BC2F4 and BC2F5 generations. These results and the great saving of time and effort makes the SSD method a very desirable tool for safflower breeders.
Genetical and Physiological Investigations on Mutants for Polyenoic Fatty Acids in Rapeseed (Brassies napus L.) III. Breeding Behaviour and Performance*
Authors: Brunklaus‐Jung Blisabeth , Röbbellen G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRapeseed oil is marked by, 1 too low content of linoleic acid and a too high, content of linolenic acid to meet the nutritional quality requirements. First mutants with a considerably improved poly en OIL fatty acid (t.a.) pattern were low in vigour and seed yield. The present experiments were set out to analyze their mode of inheritance and to check the hypothesis chat a low linolenic acid content of the thylakoid membranes inhibits sufficiently high yields of such mutants for physiological reasons.Six independently induced mutants transmitted the high linoleic and low (or in one cast high linoleic acid content of their seed oil by one recessive gene: two expressed allele mutated allele in an intermediate fashion. Of six double mutants of various origin, three revealed an independent, additive action of two loci for the changed polyenoic f.a. contents, while in the three others the mutant alleles exerted partial dominance over their plus alleles.One or two backcrosses with productive varieties improved the performance of the mutants stepwise over the original types. It is therefore, concluded that mutations towards the desired polyenoic f.a. convent are not necessarily incompatible with high seed yields, when the responsible genes are transferred into an appropriate genetic background. But strong effects of environment on yield, oil content and polyenoic f.a. content of the mutants were still seen in a yield test of second backcross progenies.
Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Green Leafhopper in Rice
Authors: Tomar J. B. , Tomar Shiksha D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance to green leafhopper, Nephotettix impicticeps Ichi, was studied in 11 cultivars of rice, Oryza saliva L. These resistant cultivars were crossed with the susceptible cultivar ‘TN1’. The materials consisted of F1, F2 and F3 populations including parents which were assessed by the bulk screening test. It was found that resistance in the cultivars TR36′, UPR254‐35‐3′‐2′, ‘Jhingasail’, ‘Govind’, ‘RP825‐45‐1‐3’, ‘MRC603‐303’, ‘RD4’, and ‘Irat104’ was conditioned by a single dominant gene, whereas resistance in ‘Ptb8’ IR9805‐97‐1′, and ‘BG367‐7’ was controlled by one recessive gene.The test on the allelic relationships of the resistance genes in the test cultivars with the known genes Glb1 and Glb2 revealed that the single dominant gene that conveyed the resistance in ‘UPR254‐35‐3‐2’ and ‘Jhingasail’ was allelic to Glh1 and segregated independently of Glh2. The resistance in ‘Govind’ and ‘RP82S‐45‐1‐3’ was governed by the Glh2 gene which was independent of Glh1. The test cultivars ‘IR36’;. ‘MRC603‐303’, ‘RD4’. and Irat104’ had a dominant gene for resistance which was nonallelic to Glb1 and Glb2. The recessive gene which conditioned the resistance in ‘Ptb8’, ‘IR9805‐97‐1’, and ‘BG367‐1’ segregated independently of Glh1 and Glh2.Eleven trisomics in an ‘TR36’ background were crossed with ‘Java’, a cultivar susceptible to green leafhopper. The segregation pattern of the F2 and backcross generations revealed that the Glb6 gene was located on chromosome 5.
Confirmation of a 1A/1R Wheat‐Rye Chromosome Translocation in the Wheat Variety ‘Amigo’
Authors: Schlegel R. , Kynast R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDifferential chromosome staining by using the Giemsa C‐ banding technique and test crosses have revealed rye chroma tin in the hexaploid wheat variety ‘Amigo’ which resulted from wheat crosses with the octoploid triticale ‘Gaucho’. The results demonstrated a pair of translocated wheat chromosomes involving the short arm of rye chromosome 1R and the long arm of the homoeologous wheat chromosome 1A (1Aq/1Rp translocation). The localization of the translocation breakpoint is supposed 10 be within the centromeric region.
Variation, Heritability and Response to Selection in Natural Populations of Caper Spurge (Euphorbia lathyris L.)
Authors: Hondelmann W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTen natural populations of caper spurge (Euphoria lathyris L.) were evaluated in two greenhouse experiments. It appeared that the ‘between population’ component of variance predominated for most characters. Heritability values Fit into the general picture of seed oil‐containing wild species. From estimates of response to selection it is concluded that for developing caper its genetic‐ base has to be broadened.
Pachytene Chromosomes of Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Evrard
Authors: Do Valle C. B. , Singh R. J. , Miller D. A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Brachiaria ruziziensis is a sexual diploid tropical grass species of wide adaptation and good forage quality. Pachytene chromosomes were studied in morphological detail and all nine chromosomes were identified by their length, centromere position, and size and distribution of chromomeres. The idiogram prepared for the first time in this species consists of four median and five submedian chromosomes.
Barley Isolines with Genes for Resistance to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei in the Recurrent Parent ‘Siri’
Authors: Kølster P. , Stølen O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA group of 17 spring barley isolines with genes for race specific resistance to barley powdery mildew were developed by backcrossing using the cultivar ‘Siri’ as the recurrent parent. A test with 22 isolates of powdery mildew showed that each of the 17 isolines had the same reaction as its donor parent, and that 17 different resistance genes or gene combinations are present among the lines‐ The isolines are very similar to ‘Siri’ in morphology and agronomic performance.
Variation in the Carbohydrate Composition of Wild Barley (Hordeum spontaneum) Grain
Authors: Henry R. J. , Brown A. H. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe carbohydrate content of Hordeum spotaneum lines collected from 23 diverse environments in Israel was investigated. The range in composition was sucrose: 0.83—1.15%; trisaccharides): 0.48—1.16% total free and combined fructose: 1.2—4.2%; pentosans: 4.2—9.9%; and fl→3), (1→4)‐β‐glucans: 4.5—13.2%. The high pentosan and β‐glucan content in some lines would cause quality problems if found in malting barleys.
Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts of Trifolium repens and Lotus corniculatus
Authors: Judith Webb K. , Woodcock S. , Chamberlain D. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractProtoplasts were isolated from leaves of Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium repens and from cotyledons of L. corniculatus. These protoplasts divided and produced colonies. The plating efficiency of protoplasts of both species was improved when agarose was used as a supporting medium. Plants were regenerated more regularly and in larger numbers from colonies of L. carniculatus than T. repens. The use of a culture line of T. repens that had been selected for its response in culture markedly increased the proportion of protoplast‐derived cultures which regenerated shoots. One regenerant of T. repens (P6) was analysed for morphological and cytalogical variation. This plant was abnormal and highly aneuploid with a wide range of chromosome numbers.
The Influence of Dicamba on Somatic Embryogenesis and Frequency of Plant Regeneration from Cultured Immature Embryos of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Hunsinger H. , Schauz K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn investigation was made to discover the influence of dicamba on the somatic embryogenesis of winter wheat cultivars‐. Immature embryos of Triticum aestivum cv, ‘Sage’, ‘Caribo’ and ‘Kanzler’ were cultured, on modified N6‐medium with the addition of 1 mg/13,6 dichlor‐2‐methoxy benzoe acid (dicamba).The young embryos were placed with the embryo axis on to the medium. Under this condition the scutella of the embryos at different stage of development produced compact calli and embryoids which regenerated plants with a high frequency (70 %) four to: six weeks later. The results suggest that dicamba could be of value in the induction of somatic embryogenesis.
Performance of Diploids and Induced Autotetraploids of Catharanthus roseus under Different Levels of Nitrogen and Plant Spacings
Authors: Kulkarni R. N. , Rajagopal K. , Chandrashekar R. S. , Dimri B. P. , Sresh N. , Rajeshwar Rao B. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo bulk experimental strains of induced autotetraploids,‘Purple tetraploid bulk’ (PTB) and ‘White tetraploid bulk’ of Catharanthus roseus were evaluated along with the diploid ‘Purple’ variety (PDB) and a diploid pure line selection PS‐3 in four environments consisting of combinations of two levels each of plant spacing and nitrogen at Bangalore and Hyderabad during 1983—84 and in two additional environments at Bangalore during 1984—85. PTB, in general, performed better than PDB at closer plant spacings, especially in the absence of nitrogen application. The highest increase in economic yield (leaf + root yield) over PDB was recorded by PTB with 45 × 30 cm plant spacing and no nitrogen fertilization. The highest economic yield of PTB (obtained with 30 × 30 cm spacing and 100 kg N per ha) was 26 % higher than the highest economic yield of PDB. There were no significant differences between PTB and PDB for content of total alkaloids in leaves within all the environments during both years. Strain × environment interactions were significant for content of total alkaloids in roots during 1983—84. During 1984—85, PTB and PDB did not significantly differ from each other for content of total alkaloids in roots.
Evaluation of Self and Polycross Progeny Testing in Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) for Forage and Seed Yield
Authors: Onokpise O. U. , Boinley S. R. , Tomes D. T. , Twamley B. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSelf and cross fertility, forage and seed yield of parents, self (Sl), and polycross (PX) progenies were measured in a selected and an unselected population of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), Self fertility was significantly less than cross fertility in both populations. In a field planting S1 progenies had lower forage yield in 1979 and 1980 and seed yield (relative to the parents) was less in the selected population than the unselected in 1979. All correlation coefficients between years and progenies were non‐significant for forage yield bur the parents‐poly cross progeny correlation was significant for seed yield in the selected population. Percentage survival of plants after cutting in 1980 was higher in the selected population, and the parents and PX progenies survived better than S1 progenies in both populations. The better performance of the selected population may be due, in pan, to higher frequency of favorable genes resulting from four cycles of recurrent selection, S1 progeny testing does not appear to be worth while in birdsfoot trefoil because of low self fertility and the reduced vigour of the progeny.
Effects of Competition upon the Productivity of White Clover‐Perennial Ryegrass Mixtures. Analysis of and Interrelations between Characters
Authors: Hill J. , Michaelson‐Yeates T. P. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA diallel crossing programme amongst tour contrasting white clover varieties was used to generate material for studying the interrelationships amongst those characters which affect the productivity of white clover‐ perennial ryegrass mixtures under a cutting‐only management regime. Such a regime favoured clover growth. All the clover characters exhibited strong positive correlations with mixture yield. However, this combination of clover characters did not promote growth of the grass companion. For this a low growing variety with a dense stolon network appeared preferable. Path analysis indicated that differences existed between the two companion grass varieties used for this experiment in their upon clover characters.
Variation in Relative Amounts of Isolectins in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Landraces from Northern Nigeria and Chad
Authors: Zeven A. C. , Peumans W. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWheat germ agglutin (WGA) present in the embryo of a bread wheat grain is a mixture of three isolectins, viz CLA, CLB and CLD which are coded by genes located on die chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D. Their respective absolute amounts were determined in 62 Nigerian and five Chad landraces. Added was the Madagascar variety ‘Kanem’ which is stated to be selected from Chad material. Some of the Nigerian landraces were formerly identified as derived from Indian Pakistani wheat varieties/landraces introduced into Northern Nigeria before 1940. These had relatively high CLD/GLA and CLB/CLA ratios. Other Nigerian landraces with such high ratios were postulated to come from India/Pakistan, too.The Chad wheats, except ‘Kanem’, have WGA amounts and‐ratios similar to those native to Northern Nigeria. This may point to a common history. ‘Kanem’ is said to be bred in Madagascar from Chad wheats. Apparently it has a different origin.So the determination of the WGA amount and its isolectin composition is a helpful means to identify the history of a land race or of an improved variety.
Testing the Efficiency of Pollination Bag Materials
Authors: McAdam N. J. , Senior J. , Hayward M. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrossing bags manufactured from three grades of polyester and three types of paper bags were tested for their permeability to grass pollen. Bags were placed on L. perenne plants of known PGI isozyme genotype. Any pollen passing through the crossing bag and pollinating the plant was detected by assaying its progeny for PGI isozymes. The results obtained allowed differentiation of the various materials for their suitability for pollen proofing.
Comparison of Anther Culture and Hordeum bulbosum Method for the Production of Doubled Haploid in Winter Barley I. Production of Green Plants
Authors: Devaux P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe relative response to two‐major techniques of producing haploids in barley – anther culture and the Hordeum bulbosyum method – were compared using seven F1 hybrids from a winter barley breeding programme. Both techniques were Applied to the same plants with the same number of replications.358 viable green plants were obtained from 420 spikes ot donor plants used: 147 through anther culture and 211 through the H. bulbosum method.From the data analysis we found that the response to the two techniques was not significantly different, genotype effect and genotype × technique interaction were highly significant.The possibility of combining the two techniques in a doubled haploid production programme is discussed.
Effects of Inbreeding and Genetic Variation on Forage Quality Traits and Dry Matter Yield in Dactylis glomerata L. Subspecies
Authors: Santen E. van , Casler M. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCultivated 4× clones, 2× germplasm and their respective S; progeny were utilized in this study. Dry matter yield and forage quality data (in vitro dry matter disappearance, cell wall constituents, total nitrogen) were obtained on composited vegetative plant material harvested during four successive 4‐week growth periods in the greenhouse. There was no detectable average inbreeding effect for any of the traits. The group mean of the diploids was significantly lower for in vitro dry matter disappearance than the tetraploid group mean. However, two out of six diploid 51 families exceeded the highest tetraploid family for this trait. The diploids had significantly higher cell wall constituents than tetraploids except for acid detergent lignin. There was more variation for any trait at the diploid level than at the tetraploid level among S1 families as well as within families. Dry matter yield and total nitrogen were significantly correlated in diploids and in tetraploids. However, little variation was detected lot total nitrogen at either ploidy level. The results suggest that selection for improved quality in progeny from interploidy crosses may be more efficient by first selecting at the diploid level followed by scaling to the tetraploid level, rather than selection at the tetraploid level after hybridization.
Isolation of a Spontaneous Chromosome Translocation in Common Wheat
Authors: H Liu B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe genes Ms2 for male sterility and Rht10 for dominant dwarfing located on the short arm of chromosome 4D in common wheat arc closely linked. Male sterile, dwarf F1 plants from the cross of male sterile‘Chinese Spring’× dwarf‘Ai‐bian’were backcrossed with the variety‘Chinese Spring, From this offspring a spontaneous chromosome translocation was isolated resulting in a recombinant male sterile and dwarf genotype.
Genetic Study of Non‐Ear Characters in Maize
Authors: De Ron A. M. , Ordás A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeventy three populations of maize (Zea mays L.) were grown for two years at two locations in Spain in order to study the heritability and constancy of the non‐ear traits days to silking, days to anthesis, plant height, ear height, and leaf number.The differences among populations were highly significant in the individual analyses, as well as in the combined analyses for all the traits.The interaction components of variance were in general small. Broad‐sense heritabilities ranged from 0.844 to 0.869. Constancies were high, in all cases above 1.0.It is concluded that the non‐ear trails studied can be confidently used in a numerical classification of populations of maize.