bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serumlipide und Carcinom
Authors: Von Elmendorff H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMit Hilfe der Papier‐ und Gas‐Chromatographie wurden die Fettsäuren des Serums Carcinom‐Kranker getrennt. In der Regel fand sich insbesondere die Arachidonsäure im Serum dieser Kranken vermindert, und zwar vor allem im Phosphatid‐Anteil. Da wegen des für diese Analyse notwendigen großen Aufwandes eine Verwertung für einen Carcinom‐Test nicht in Frage kommt, wurden dünnschicht‐ und papier‐chromatographische Untersuchungen der Gesamtphosphatide des Serums und auch einiger Tumoren und des entsprechenden normalen Gewebes durchgeführt. Hierbei ließen sich im Dünnschicht‐Chromatogramm Verschiebungen des Fettspektrums im Carcinomserum nachweisen. Außerdem wurden Untersuchungen mit J 131 markiertem Lecithin und mit Tritium‐markierter Linolsäure durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine kurzfristige Anreicherung dieser Substanz im Tumor.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften der Ricinolsäure‐ und 12‐Hydroxy‐stearinsäure‐n‐alkylester von normal primären Alkoholen der Kettenlänge C1 bis C6 bzw. C1 bis C5
Authors: Bertsch H. , Reinheckel H. , Czichocki G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wird über ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der 12‐Hydroxy‐octadecen‐(9)‐säure‐(1)‐ester und 12‐Hydroxyoctadecansäure‐(1)‐ester von unverzweigten primären Alkoholen der Kettenlänge C1 bis C6 bzw. C1 bis C5 berichtet. Die Eigenschaften der Ester werden beschrieben und mit Literaturwerten verglichen.
Identifizierung der für den Reversionsgeruch von gehärtetem Walöl verantwortlichen Bestandteile
Authors: Lanzani A. , Capella P. , Fedeli E. , Jacini G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAus dem für den sog. Reversionsgeruch von gehärtetem Walöl verantwortlichen Substanzgemisch konnten 6 homologe Gruppen identifiziert werden: normale gesättigte Aldehyde (vollständige Reihe von C3 bis C12); normale ungesättigte Aldehyde (C3 bis C10); normale gesättigte Säuren (C2 bis C9); normale gesättigte Alkohole (C3 bis C11); Ester von normalen gesättigten Alkoholen (C2 bis C9) mit Säuren, von denen Essigsäure und Acrylsäure bestimmt werden konnten.
UV‐spektralphotometrische Bestimmung des Provitamin‐D‐Gehaltes in Steringemischen — Anwendung dieses Gehaltes als Kennzahl in der Fettchemie I
Authors: Copius‐Peereboom J. W. , Roos J. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie Menge der Provitamine D (d. h. Ergosterin und 7‐Dehydrocholesterin) in Fetten und fettreichen Produkten kann routinemäßig durch UV‐Spektralphotometrie der Sterindigitonide, isoliert nach dem Verfahren von Den Herder, quantitativ ermittelt werden. Der Gehalt dieser Provitamine D wurde als Sterinkennzahl für die Lösung verschiedener fettchemischer Probleme herangezogen. Der Provitamin D‐Gehalt von pflanzlichen Ölen und Fetten vor und nach der Raffination wurde bestimmt. Eine Reinheitsprüfung von Hühnereiprodukten und der Nachweis von zugesetztem Entenei konnten mit Hilfe des erheblichen Unterschiedes zwischen dem Provitamin D‐Gehalt von Hühner‐ und Entenei‐Sterinen durchgeführt werden.
Die Härtung von Lacken auf Basis ungesättigter Polyesterharze mit organischen Peroxyden in Abhängigkeit von der Umgebungstemperatur
Authors: Strolenberg K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFür die Härtung ungesättigter Polyester bei höheren Temperaturen genügt die Zugabe bestimmter Peroxyde. Bei Raumtemperatur können jedoch nur durch Zusatz bestimmter Reduktionsmittel die Peroxyde schell in Radikale gespalten werden. Die niedrigste Temperatur, bei der mit dem Härtersystem Ketonperoxyd/Kobalt‐Beschleuniger eine befriedigende Durchhärtung erzielt werden kann, liegt bei 15°C. Für die Härtung bei niedrigen Temperaturen eignen sich besonders Katalysatoren in Kombination mit Vanadium als Beschleuniger.
Zur Kenntnis der „in‐situ”︁‐Epoxydation mit Monoperphthalsäure I: Allgemeines und Umsetzungen in reaktiven Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Schiemann G. , Martens H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wird der zeitliche Ablauf der „in‐situ”︁‐Epoxydation ungesättigter Fettprodukte mit Monoperphthalsäure in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln untersucht. In Gegenwart von aliphatischen Alkoholen bilden sich durch Sekundärreaktion des Epoxyds mit alkoholischen OH‐Gruppen unter dem katalytischen Einfluß der bei der Epoxydation entstehenden Phthalsäure teilepoxdierte Produkte mit einem Gehalt an Hydroxy‐ und Alkoxy‐Gruppen. Die Umsetzung ungesättigter Öle wie z. B. Leinöl in Propanol‐ oder n‐Butanol ist mit einer starken Viskositätserhöhung verbunden. In indifferenten Lösungsmitteln, wie Chloroform, oder ohne Lösungsmittel werden Umsetzungsprodukte mit hohem Epoxydgehalt erhalten.
Herstellung, Umsetzungen und Polymerisation von Isocyanaten aus Fettsäuren
Authors: Egle G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie Umsetzung von langkettigen Fettsäurechloriden mit Natriumazid nach Curtius erforderte die Zugabe geringer Mengen von Dimethylformamid oder Tetramethylharnstoff, um die entsprechenden Fettisocyanate in guten Ausbeuten zu erhalten. Bei der anionischen Polymerisation der Fettisocyanate entstanden hochmolekulare vaseline‐ oder wachsartige Polyamide vom Typ des Nylon‐1.
Schmutzabweisende Ausrüstung von Textilien I
Authors: Hochreiter R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der verschiedenen Schmutzarten, wie Zusammensetzung und Teilchengröße, die Abhängigkeit der Verschmutzung von der Faserbeschaffenheit — Querschnitt, Faseroberfläche und Faserfeinheit — behandelt. Die Hauptgruppe der schmutzabweisenden Ausrüstungsmittel basiert auf Pigmenten, wie Titandioxyd, kolloider Kieselsäure und Aluminiumoxyd. Die Wirkung der letztgenannten Gruppe kann mit einer Barrierwirkung verglichen werden, wonach diese Produkte die schmutzaffinen Faserstellen besetzen.
Zur oszillographischen Polarographie oxydierter Fette I: Experimentelle Bedingungen
Authors: Lück H. , Maack R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractExperimentelle Bedingungen (Gerät, Grundelektrolyt, Bezugselektrode) für eine oszillographisch‐polarographische Unterschung oxydierter Fette werden beschrieben und die Diagramme eines oszillographisch registrierenden Polarographen mit dem eines klassischen Polarographen verglichen. In γ‐bestrahlten Fetten lassen sich vier Peaks bzw. Schultern (A1 bei −0.03 V, A2 bei −0.15 V, B bei −0.85 V, C bei — 1.6 V) nachweisen, die von Peroxyden (A1, A2, B) and Carbonyl‐Verbindungen (C) herrühren.
Der Einfluß stereoisomerer und konjugierter Fettsäuren, insbesondere dehydratisierter Rizinusöl‐Fettsäuren, auf die Eigenschaften von Alkydharzen
Authors: Atherton C. I. , Kertess A. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAus trocknenden Ölen mit verschiedenem Gehalt an konjugierten und stereoisomeren Fettsäuren, vorzugsweise dehydratisiertem Rizinusöl, wurden Alkydharze mit einem Ölgehalt von 60% hergestellt und die Autoxydation und Verfilmung derselben untersucht. Trans‐trans‐Dienfettsäuren oxydierten am schnellsten, behinderten aber die Durchtrocknung. Letztere ist von dieser verzögernden Wirkung und dem Gesamtgehalt an konjugierten Dien‐Fettsäuren abhängig. Die Härte der Filme, nach 7 Tagen gemessen nach Sward‐Rocker, ist eine Funktion der Gesamtmenge konjugierter und nicht konjugierter Polyenfettsäuren.
Über Sorptionsvorgänge von Carbonsäuren an Haarkeratin
Authors: Reese G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wurden Methoden zur Messung der Adsorption von Carbonsäuren an Haarkeratin ausgearbeitet. Die verschiedenen Methoden zeigen gute Übereinstimmung in den Ergebnissen. Die Adsorption von Monochloressigsäure wurde in Abhängigkeit von Konzentration, Einwirkungszeit und pH‐Wert bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde die Adsorption homologer und verschieden substituierter Carbonsäuren aus wäßrigen bzw. absolut propanolischen Lösungen miteinander verglichen. Für die Adsorption der Carbonsäuren an Haarkeratin sind Dissoziation, Kettenlänge, Substitution und Lösungsmittel von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Phase Morphologies and Viscoelastic Relaxation Behaviors for an LCST‐Type Polymer Blend Composed of Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Poly[(α‐methyl styrene)‐co‐acrylonitrile]
Authors: Zuo Min , Zheng Qiang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: Small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology is employed to investigate the linear viscoelastic behavior of the LCST‐type PMMA/α‐MSAN polymer blends as a function of annealing temperature and time. The results reveal that when temperature approaches the separation temperature, the blends exhibit some characteristic of complex thermorheological behavior, such as a shoulder in the dynamic storage modulus G′ or the linear relaxation modulus G(t), the appearance of a loss tangent (tan δ) peak and the additional relaxation in the relaxation spectrum H(τ). All of these can be attributed to the enhanced concentration fluctuations near the phase boundary. The anomalous pretransitional behavior can be quantified to yield the binodal temperature from the inflexion of variation and the spinodal temperature on the basis of the mean field theory. Furthermore, the linear viscoelastic properties of the phase‐separated PMMA/α‐MSAN (80/20) blends can be described well by either Palierne's or Bousmina's emulsion model in virtue of the calculated $\alpha /\bar R_v$ value in the whole frequency region.Morphology images of 80/20 PMMA/α‐MSAN blends annealed for 4 h at 180 °C observed from phase contrast microscope.magnified imageMorphology images of 80/20 PMMA/α‐MSAN blends annealed for 4 h at 180 °C observed from phase contrast microscope.
Fabrication of Patterned Conducting Polymers on Insulating Polymeric Substrates by Electric‐Field‐Assisted Assembly and Pattern Transfer
Authors: Wei Ming , Tao Zhenghong , Xiong Xugang , Kim Myunghwan , Lee Jun , Somu Sivasubramanian , Sengupta Sandip , Busnaina Ahmed , Barry Carol , Mead Joey 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: The use of electrostatically addressable templates for the directed assembly of conducting polymers and pattern transfer to another polymer substrate is demonstrated. Doped conducting polyaniline was selectively assembled on the patterned template assisted by a DC electric field. Adding an insulated silicon dioxide layer onto the surface of the silicon wafer is critical to the formation of patterned PANi rather than a PANi film. After deposition, it was demonstrated that by compression molding or solution casting methods, patterned PANi can be completely transferred to a secondary polymer substrate, such as an NBR sheet or a polyurethane film. The conductivity of PANi lines on the PU film was found to be as high as 0.87 S · cm−1. The simple one‐step assembly process for patterning conductive polymers and transfer provides a promising nanomanufacturing approach for cost‐effective and high performance flexible nanoelectronics and biosensors.Optical image of PANi‐assembled templates with patterned gold lines connected to negative electrodes at 10 V for 1 min.magnified imageOptical image of PANi‐assembled templates with patterned gold lines connected to negative electrodes at 10 V for 1 min.
Influence of Phase Miscibility on the Crack Propagation Kinetics of Nanostructured Binary S‐(S/B)‐S Triblock Copolymer Blends
Authors: Satapathy Bhabani Kumar , Staudinger Ulrike , Thunga Mahendra , Lach Ralf , Weidisch Roland 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary:The crack propagation kinetics of binary styrene‐(styrene/butadiene)‐styrene triblock copolymer blends based on one with symmetrical (LN4) and another with asymmetrical (LN3) molecular architecture is discussed with respect to post‐yield crack‐tip blunting and stable crack propagation behavior while highlighting the dynamic mechanical properties of the blends. The crack‐tip opening displacement (CTOD) rate is revealed to be sensitive to phase behavior, which is in agreement with a transition in phase miscibility in a critical composition range of 40–60 wt.‐% of LN3. Analyses ofR‐curves from CTOD‐values reveal that kinetics of crack propagation is controlled by phase behavior, whereas the resistance to stable crack initiation is largely dependent on the composition. Our investigation offers new possibilities to tailor and optimize the crack resistance (crack propagation stability) of block copolymer blends through the control of phase miscibility and hence, fundamentally, adds a new dimension to the development of novel materials based on toughened nanostructured polymers.Crack resistance curves for LN3 blends having different compositions.magnified imageCrack resistance curves for LN3 blends having different compositions.
Strain hardening of polymer glasses: Effect of entanglement density, temperature, and rate
Authors: Hoy Robert S. , Robbins Mark O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe strain hardening behavior of model polymer glasses is studied with simulations over a wide range of entanglement densities, temperatures, strain rates, and chain lengths. Entangled polymers deform affinely at scales larger than the entanglement length as assumed in entropic network models of strain hardening. The dependence of strain hardening on strain and entanglement density is also consistent with these models, but the temperature dependence has the opposite trend. The dependence on temperature, rate, and interaction strength can instead be understood as reflecting changes in the flow stress. Microscopic analysis of local rearrangements and the primitive paths between entanglements is used to test models of strain hardening. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3487–3500, 2006
Movement of dieldrin through soils: I.—From arable soils into ponds
Authors: Edwards C. A. , Thompson A. R. , Beynon K. I. , Edwards M. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDieldrin at a rate of 22–45 kg active ingredient/ha (10–20 times the rate used in practice) was applied to strips, each 1·8–3·6 m wide, 3·6–4·5 m away from the edges of four ponds. There were shallow to steep slopes from the treated strips towards the ponds.Dieldrin was found in small amounts in untreated soil on the surface of the slopes between the treated strips and the ponds but none was found in the pond water. Very small amounts (maximum 0·3 ppm) were found in bottom mud of ponds but not when the dieldrin had been thoroughly incorporated into the treated soil after application.In the experiment where the vertical distribution of dieldrin was studied the largest amount below 15 cm was 1·1 ppm at 81 weeks from application.
Comparison of the disappearance of eight organophosphorus insecticides from soil in laboratory and in outdoor experiments
Authors: Bro‐Rasmussen F. , Noddegaard E. , Voldum‐Clausen K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe persistence of eight granular organophosphorus insecticides in one loam‐type soil was studied in both laboratory experiments under controlled conditions and in outdoor experiments, by comparison of disappearance curves in semi‐logarithmic co‐ordinate systems. The pesticides studied were: Aphidan (O,O‐di‐isopropyl‐S‐ethyl‐sulphinyl methyl dithiophosphate), bromophos, chlorfenvinphos, dichlo‐ fenthion, dimethoate, mecarbam and trichloronate.The comparisons confirm that a strict control of several parameters (e.g. water content of the soil and temperature) is needed for the quantitative description of disappearance rates. However, a reasonably good agreement in the relative order of persistence was found in the experiments and a tentative classification of the eight insecticides according to degree of persistence in the soil is suggested.Metabolites were found to be present in the soil from two of the compounds, but the contributions to total residues and, accordingly, the influence on persistence evaluation from these were not included owing to lack of definite identifications and finalised determinations.
Retention and distribution of dry powder and liquid formulations of insecticides and fungicides on commercially dressed cereal seed
Authors: Lord K. A. , Jeffs K. A. , Tuppen R. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAnalysis of samples of seeds, mostly wheat, treated commercially with insecticides and fungicides showed that many carried much less than the theoretical dose, some less than one‐tenth.The average loadings of seeds treated with dry powder formulations were nearly always small, but the distribution of insecticide between seeds was fairly uniform. The average loading of seeds treated with liquid formulations was closer to the target, but the distribution was irregular, most of the seeds carrying little insecticide and a few seeds amounts large enough to be phytotoxic.Insecticides applied as dry powders do not adhere strongly to the seeds, but they remain in association with seeds contained and carried in bags. Applied as liquids, insecticides are difficult to remove from seeds. The ratio of insecticide to fungicide on seeds dressed with powders containing both usually resembled the ratio in the original powder. With liquid seed dressings of insecticide and fungicide applied separately in different formulations, the ratio of insecticide to fungicide often differed widely from the theoretical. The average loading of fungicide was close to the target, but the average amount of insecticide was often much less.With either wet or dry dressings, the amount of pesticide on seeds was consistently greater from some merchants than from others. This was independent of the machinery used. Loadings were not consistently affected by type of seed‐dressing machinery or formulation, stage of operation, weather or variety of seed.
Dichlorvos concentrations in the air of houses arising from the use of dichlorvos PVC strips
Authors: Elgar K. E. , Steer B. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTrials have been carried out in order to determine the concentrations of dichlorvos that occur in the air of houses when “VAPONA”“VAPONA” is a Shell trade mark.
strips are placed under conditions of normal domestic use. The ten trials were conducted in the U.K., Australia and France in the years 1967 to 1970. Two trials were also carried out in the U.K. with a shorter, slightly thicker product [6.5 in strip (16.5 cm)] of the same basic formulation.Samples of air were taken at regular intervals throughout the 3 or 4 month period of each trial and the samples were analysed for dichlorvos by an enzyme inhibition – ΔpH method.The results from more than 3000 samples of air showed that the great majority of values (97.2%) were 0.1 μg dichlorvos per litre of air or less. Values ranged from less than 0.01 μg/1 to 0.24 μg/l, the higher concentrations being associated with houses closed because of the absence of the householders or with several strips in place in the house, or both.In each trial the dichlorvos concentration in the air rose rapidly and then fell exponentially. In temperate area trials, the concentration was at its highest 1 to 2 weeks after placing the strips, the geometric mean of all the values at this time being 0.04 μg/1 and 3 months after placement the mean concentration was 0.01 μg/1.In the two trials with the 6.5 in (16.5 cm) product, concentrations in air were in one of these no different and in the other slightly lower than from the 10 in (25.4 cm) strip, the rate of decline of the concentrations of dichlorvos being the same in both trials.Observation strongly suggests that ventilation is the most important factor in determining the level of dichlorvos in the air of a room. In the trials in Brisbane, Australia, where houses are constructed to allow a flow of air and where doors and windows are open day and night, concentrations of dichlorvos were low initially and quickly fell below the limit of determination.The effect of increased ambient temperature is to increase the rate of emission of dichlorvos from the strip. However, in general, it seems that the increased ventilation associated with higher temperatures outweighed the increased rate of emission of insecticide since concentrations in air tended to fall with increasing temperature.Some rooms, especially kitchens, are smaller than the volume recommended for placement of strips (30 m3 per strip). However, statistical analysis of the results shows that initial concentrations in kitchens are no higher than in other rooms, and that the rate of decline of concentrations in kitchens is significantly higher than in other rooms.
Phosphate flow into mycorrhizal roots
Authors: Sanders Francis E. , Tinker P. Bernard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEctotrophic mycorrhizas have been studied intensively and their value to some tree species is well known. Endotrophic mycorrhizas have received less attention and their potential value to plants has only been fully substantiated within the last 12 years. Responses of the host to mycorrhizal infection seem always to be associated with improved phosphorus nutrition of the plant. The mechanism whereby this occurs is considered. There is evidence that the ultimate limitation on phosphorus uptake by a simple cylindrical root is the diffusion impedance in the soil around it, and that widely spreading hyphae effectively short‐circuit this impedance. Some data on hyphal length, and estimated net flux of phosphorus through the hyphae are given, with a discussion of possible mechanisms driving this flux.
Genetics of resistance of pyrethroid‐selected houseflies, Musca domestica L.
Authors: Farnham Andrew W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFour resistance factors were isolated genetically from the NPR strain of houseflies (Musca domestica L.), which resists natural pyrethrins, and were characterised toxicologically. The four factors were : pen, which reduces the rate of penetration of insecticides through the cuticle; kdr‐NPR, a general pyrethroid resistance mechanism unaffected by the synergist sesamex; py‐ses, a mechanism of resistance to natural pyrethrins that can be suppressed by sesamex; and py‐ex, a factor that gives strong resistance to synergised natural pyrethrins and to the new synthetic esters, e.g. resmethrin, but little or none to natural pyrethrins alone.
Spray deposit measurement by fluorescence
Authors: Sharp Rex B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe addition of a fluorochrome to the spray liquid gives a sensitive method of measuring spray deposits on foliage, soil, wood and paper substrates by extraction and direct estimation techniques. The fluorochromes in current use are described under the headings of water‐soluble dyes, oil‐soluble dyes and pigments. A brief description of the fluorimeter is followed by an account of the way it is used to measure the soluble fluorochromes. Properties of the fluorochromes which are relevant to their use as spray tracers are discussed under the headings of emission spectra, calibration, effect of pH changes and fluorescence stability. A final section on the application of these techniques also gives an indication of extensions to the work.
Structural aspects of the knockdown of pyrethroid
Authors: Briggs Geoffrey G. , Elliott Michael , Farnham Andrew W. , Janes Norman F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe polarities of pyrethroids and their performance as knockdown and killing agents against houseflies are discussed. The optimum polarity for knockdown is here shown to be greater than that needed for kill, probably because knockdown depends on relatively rapid penetration through the cuticle into the haemolymph and thence to the site of action.