bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the immunogenicity of reduced doses of two recombinant dna hepatitis b vaccines in New Zealand children
Authors: Milne A. , Brawner T. A. , Dumbill P. C. , Kawachi I. , Pearce N. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA group of 201 hepatitis B virus (HBV) sero‐negative children 1–12 years of age received either three 2 μg doses of Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) or Smith Kline and French (SKF) recombinant DNA (rDNA) hepatitis B vaccine I.M. at monthly intervals. Each recipient was tested 4–6 weeks later for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Ninety‐six 4–5‐year‐old children, given 2 μg doses of a plasma‐derived vaccine (MSD, H‐B‐Vax) I.M. at 0, 1, 2 months, were tested at the same time with the same assays, for comparison. Anti‐HBs responses and geometric mean titres (GMT) were significantly higher with the MSDrDNA vaccine (96% and 338.9 IU/liter) than with the SKF/r DNA vaccine (82.3% and 69.4 IU/liter). We conclude that for the protection of young children, 2 μg doses of the MSD rDNA hepatitis B vaccine may be used under similar circumstances in which 2 μg of the MSD plasma‐derived vaccine was used. Further studies are needed before the other rDNA hepatitis B vaccine may be used in lower than the 10 μg dose recommended in children.
Antibody to Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific DNase as a marker for field survey of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jen‐Yang , Chen Chien‐Jen , Liu Mei‐Ying , Cho Show‐Mei , Hsu Mow‐Ming , Lynn Tsong‐Chou , Shieh Ti , Tu Shieh‐Mien , Beasley R. Palmer , Hwang Lu‐Yu , Lee Hong‐Hsin , Kuo Shiow‐Ling , Yang Czau‐Siung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA serological survey using antibody to EpsteinBarr virus (EBV)‐specific DNase activity as a marker for the identification of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been carried out on healthy subjects who visited Government Employees' Clinic Center (GECC) for routine health examination and on individuals residing in NPC high‐risk areas (HRA) in Taiwan. During a 3‐year prospective study, 22,596 and 9,869 sera were collected from the GECC and HRA groups, respectively. Taking neutralization of 2 or more units of EBV DNase activity as a positive response, the positivity rates in the GECC and HRA groups were 5.4% and 11.92%, respectively. Among the antibody‐positive individuals, three cases of NPC were found in the GECC group (detection rate 0.63%) and 11 in the HRA group (detection rate 1.32%). A further patient at stage III ofthe disease was found in the first year of following up of 1,005 antibody‐positive individuals. Among the 12 NPC patients in the HRA, five were newly diagnosed as having stage II (two patients) NPC. These results support the hypothesis that antibody against EBV‐specific DNase activity may be a useful marker for detection of patients with NPC, and they imply that individuals having high levels of antibody to EBV DNase activity may have an increased risk of development of NPC.
Topological distribution of virus‐specific and cross‐reactive antigenic determinants on the gB glycoprotein of the herpes simplex viruses
Authors: Eberle R. , Courtney R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe antigenic properties and relations between the herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV1, HSV2) gB glycoproteins were investigated. Using several assay systems to analyze the virusspecific reactivity of polyclonal monospecific rabbit anti‐gB sera, it was demonstrated that most of the antigenic determinants of the gB glycoproteins exposed at the surface of both virions and infected cells are virus‐specific rather than cross‐reactive. Comparative examination of the reactivity of human immune sera with HSV1 and HSV2 antigens by immunoblotting also revealed differences in the ability of HSV1 and HSV2 immune sera to recognize homologous vs. heterologous gB antigens. These results indicate that despite the high degree of amino acid sequence homology which exists between the HSV1 and HSV2 gB glycoproteins many of the immunologically relevant antigenic determinants of the gB glycoproteins probably reside in regions of the molecule which are not so highly conserved between the two HSV serotypes.
Absence of perinatal transmission of blood‐borne non‐a, non‐b hepatitis virus by chimpanzees with acute and chronic infection
Authors: Brotman Betsy , Boehle Wolfgang , Prince Alfred M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo chimpanzees were born to parents with chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis and remained with their mothers until 12 and 18 months, respectively. The infants were followed from 7 to 8 weeks of age with biweekly or monthly blood samples and with monthly liver biopsies from 4 to 7 months after birth. Another chimpanzee, along with both of its parents, was held throughout the parents' acute infection with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis; at this time the infant was 14–16 months of age, and it was followed with biweekly blood samples and monthly biopsies from the time of potential exposure for 20 months. No abnormalities indicative of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were detected in these animals. During the 29 to 35 months of follow‐up, alanine aminotransferases and gamma glutamyl‐transferases (GGPT) levels remained well within normal range for animals held in the same facility. Histologic and electron microscopic examination of liver tissue revealed no abnormalities.
Characterization of two genome types of adenovirus type 31 isolated in stockholm during 1987
Authors: Johansson Mats E. , Brundin Marianne , Adamson Lisbeth , Grillner Lena , Landqvist Margareta , Thörner Årke , Wirgart Benita Zweygberg 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe authors isolated during 1987 seven adenovirus type 31 (Ad31) within a 9‐month period. The isolates were obtained from urine, throat, and feces, implying a systemic spread of the infection. Most patients displayed gastrointestinal symptoms, but some had respiratory symptoms and fever.All of the strains differed by restriction endonuclease analysis from the prototype strain (1315) by an additional BgI II restriction site. Ad31 isolates 1–6 could be divided into two groups by the enzymes Bam HI, Msp I, and Xho I. Each enzyme gave rise to the same group distribution: isolates 1–3 and 4–6, respectively. Digestion with Bst EII, Hind III, Kpn I, and Sma I resulted in identical patterns for isolates 1–6. Isolate 7, however, demonstrated a DNA deletion of approximately 0.8 kbp, but it was otherwise identical to isolates 4–6.In conclusion, two separate genome types of Ad31 were isolated, one of which included a DNA deletion mutant. The increased isolation rate may reflect an epidemiological situation, as the same isolation procedure had been used both before and after this period.
Induction and persistence of local rotavirus antibodies in relation to serum antibodies
Authors: Bernstein David I. , McNeal Monica M. , Schiff Gilbert M. , Ward Richard L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe induction and persistence of local rotavirus antibodies, including stool IgA, jejunal IgA, and jejunal neutralizing antibody, were evaluated in 14 adult volunteers infected with the CJN strain of human rotavirus. In addition, the relationships between local rotavirus IgA and serum rotavirus IgA, IgG, and neutralizing antibody were determined. Both stool and serum rotavirus IgA appeared to have similar kinetics. Both antibodies peaked by days 14–17 after inoculation in all subjects, then decreased rapidly. By days 26–28, titers had fallen to 13% and 30% of their respective peaks. Serum rotavirus IgG peaked somewhat later, occurring in five subjects on days 26–28. Serum neutralizing antibody peaked on days 26–28 in all but three subjects. Both serum IgG and neutralizing antibodies also declined more slowly than rotavirus IgA. Although all antibody concentrations had decreased to only a fraction of their peak responses by days 270–365 after rotavirus inoculation they remained higher than baseline levels. For example, stool rotavirus IgA concentrations were 13.5‐fold higher than baseline, while jejunal rotavirus IgA and neutralizing antibody were 8.9‐ and 4.3‐fold above baseline, respectively. Similarly, serum antibodies remained 3.7‐ to 11.2‐fold higher than baseline at 270–365 days after rotavirus inoculation. These studies imply that serum rotavirus IgA is a good indicator of local antibody responses. Furthermore, although both serum and local antibody titers peaked within 2–4 weeks after infection, these antibodies persisted at above baseline concentrations for at least 9–12 months after infection.
Serological typing scheme for bk‐like isolates of human polyomavirus
Authors: Knowles Wendy A. , Gibson Patricia E. , Gardner Sylvia D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman polyomavirus BK‐like isolates were subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis with the enzymes EcoRI and Hind III. End‐point dilution was used to obtain homogeneous virus pools for DNA analysis and to remove JC virus from a mixed stock. The results of Hind III digestion suggested that two subgroups could be distinguished.Several BK‐like isolates were purified and rabbit antisera raised. The isolates were compared with each other and with BK and JC viruses by haemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) and by neutralisation. JC virus was serologically distinct, but all the other isolates showed some crossreactivity. Two subgroups were again evident: GS and PG were with prototype BK in subgroup 1, and MG and IV were in subgroup 2. Two isolates, AS and SB, reacted with isolates of both subgroups 1 and 2 but were distinct from one another: their genome was similar to subgroup 1 isolates. Typing by HI or by neutralisation may form a basis for grouping BK‐like polyomavirus isolates.
Serum antibody pattern, antigenemia, and virus isolation in infants born to mothers seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Authors: Furlini Giuliano , Re Maria Carla , Ferranti Gabriella , Casa Paola Dalla , Placa Michele La 
Published: March 2007

AbstractForty children born to mothers seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) followed‐up to 15 months after birth were studied by means of serum antibody patterns to individual viral polypeptides, by the presence of detectable levels of viral core antigen (p24) and virus in serum and peripheral blood lymphocytes, and by total lymphocyte counts and T4/T8 lymphocyte ratios.The results obtained indicate that a persistent antigenemia is significantly associated with positive virus isolation from peripheral blood lymphocytes and with changes in the intensity of antibody reaction to core (p24, p17) and pol (p31) antigens.Six children (15%) presented unequivocal signs of HIV‐1 infection and five also had signs of immune system involvement.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome associated with acute delta hepatitis virus superinfection
Authors: Lin Shi‐Ming , Ryu Shan‐Jin , Liaw Yun‐Fan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe a patient with the clinical characteristics of Guillain‐Barré syndrome, including progressive ascending paresis; cerebrospinal fluid albumino‐cytological dissociation; polyphasic small evoked potential, with prolonged latency and slow motor nerve conduction velocity; and active denervation pattern on electromyography, in association with acute delta hepatitis virus superinfection. The patient recovered from Guillain‐Barré syndrome but developed chronic active delta hepatitis.
Typing of human papillomaviruses in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 biopsies from cape town
Authors: Williamson Anna‐Lise , Dehaeck Catherine M. C. , Soeters Robbert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDNA from 98 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) biopsies was screened, using the Southern blotting hybridization technique, for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35. HPV 16 was detected in 16 biopsies (16%), HPV 33 in eight biopsies (8%), HPV 31 in two biopsies (2%), and HPV 18 in one biopsy (1%). One of the biopsies contained both HPV 31 and 18. Six biopsies (6%) contained an HPV type very similar but not identical to HPV 16, and 35 biopsies were positive for HPV, but the Pst 1 restriction fragments were distinct from any of the HPV types used as probes. HPV was not detected in 32% (32/98) of the biopsies screened.
Molecular identification of a novel human rotavirus in relation to subgroup and electropherotype of genomic rna
Authors: Nakagomi Osamu , Oyamada Hajime , Kuroki Satoru , Kobayashi Yasuko , Ohshima Atsushi , Nakagomi Toyoko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA total of 41 stool rotavirus specimens collected from children with acute diarrhea at four different locations in Akita Prefecture, Japan, during the peak of the winter diarrhea epidemic in 1988 were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral RNA in conjunction with subgrouping assay. We found that a single strain predominated, with cocirculating strains with less common electropherotypes at a given location, and that two different strains could predominate at geographically close but different locations even during a very limited time of the epidemic season. Furthermore, we isolated a human rotavirus strain (AU125) that was similar to the AU‐1 strain in that it possessed a long RNA pattern yet belonged to subgroup l. Genetic analysis by RNA‐RNA hybridization assay indicated that the AU125 strain was distinct from two previously identified human rotavirus gene groups (genogroups) represented by the Wa strain (subgroup II with long RNA electropherotype) and the DS‐1 strain (subgroup I with short RNA electropherotype), but was very closely related to the AU‐1 strain. These data suggest that the genetic diversity of human rotaviruses may be more extensive than was previously thought.
Regulation by dimethylsulfoxide, insulin, and corticosteroids of hepatitis b virus replication in a transfected human hepatoma cell line
Authors: Gripon Philippe , Diot Christian , Corlu Anne , Guguen‐Guillouzo Christiane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA human hepatoblastoma cell clone E4 was obtained by transfection of HepG2 cells with a plasmid DNA containing four tandem copies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome. Analysis of both intracellular and extracellular viral DNA revealed that this clone exhibited the main steps of the replication process previously found in normal hepatocyte primary cultures experimentally infected in vitro. Indeed, relaxed‐circular, covalently closed circular, and single‐stranded forms of viral DNA were identified in the cells together with complete virions and immature cores in the medium. Furthermore, the ability of these secreted particles to infect normal human hepatocyte cultures was established. These E4 cells were used to evaluate the effect of various soluble factors on HBV replication. Corticosteroids and, to a greater extent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) increased intracellular viral DNA, whereas insulin reduced it dramatically. Parallel changes in the amounts of viral DNA secreted in the medium were observed. Measurement of the albumin secretion rate indicated that cellular and viral activities could be regulated, at least in part, in a coordinated manner.
Immunity in pekin ducks experimentally and naturally infected with duck hepatitis b virus
Authors: Vickery K. , Freiman J. S. , Kearney R. , Murray S. , Cossart Y. E. , Dixon R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe immune response to duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) had not been elucidated. An assay was therefore established to detect the presence of antibody to DHB surface antigen (anti‐DHBs) in serum of experimentally inoculated and naturally infected ducks. Anti‐DHBs in serum was detected by indirect RIA from the percentage inhibition of binding of rabbit anti‐DHBs to purified DHBsAg. Specificity was confirmed by positive and negative controls, infected and noninfected sera, and a mouse monoclonal antibody to DHB core antigen (anti‐DHBc). Serum and liver samples were tested for DHBV DNA by dot‐blot hybridization assay.Adult ducks repeatedly inoculated with DHBV remained non‐viraemic but developed anti‐ DHBs. This antibody activity neutralized the infectivity of DHBV, which was experimentally inoculated into 1‐day‐old ducklings. In naturally infected flocks anti‐DHBs was detected in a proportion of noninfected adult ducks as well as 1‐ day‐old hatchlings. Anti‐DHBs activity in hatchlings neutralized the infectivity of experimentally inoculated DHBV.Pekin ducks can therefore mount a neutralizing antibody response to DHBV, and immunity may be transferred in ovo from dam to offspring.
Adenovirus type 7 infections in children in new South Wales, Australia
Authors: De Silva L. M. , Colditz P. , Wadell G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study describes our experience of adenovirus type 7 infection in children in New South Wales, Australia. Some aspects of the epidemiology of the infection are also recorded. A community outbreak, a hospital‐ward outbreak, sporadic cases, and data from a centralised registry are described. Results of genome‐type identification using restriction endonucleases are given.Adenovirus type 7b infection was associated with significant mortality and points to the need, previously expressed, for an adequate vaccine for high‐risk infants. Continued surveillance of adenovirus type 7 infections worldwide is necessary to identify genome types so that appropriate vaccines can be developed.
Tropism and histopathology of the d, b, k, and mm variants of encephalomyocarditis virus
Authors: Cerutis Delie R. , Bruner Richard H. , Thomas Donald C. , Giron David J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVariants of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), which are immunologically indistinguishable by hyperimmune serum, produce different disease syndromes in mice. For instance, in ICR Swiss male mice, EMCV‐B produces no overt illness, EMCV‐MM produces severe neurological signs followed by death, EMCV‐D destroys pancreatic beta cells producing a disease syndrome resembling insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, and EMCV‐K is lethal but produces no overt signs of infection. The present study was done to determine the tissue tropism and histopathology of each of these EMCV variants in the ICR Swiss mouse model. The data show the highest concentrations in the following organs: EMCV‐D in the pancreas, EMCV‐B in the pancreas, EMCV‐MM in the cerebrum, and EMCV‐K in the medulla/brainstem. They also show that the pathological lesions produced by each variant correlate well with viral titers.
Validation of a first‐generation epstein‐barr virus vaccine preparation suitable for human use
Authors: Morgan A. J. , Allison A. C. , Finerty S. , Scullion F. T. , Byars N. E. , Epstein M. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of a new vaccine preparation against Epstein‐Barr (EB) virus was investigated in cotton‐top tamarins. The vaccine consists of fast protein liquid chromatography‐purified EB virus membrane antigen glycoprotein of 340 Kd (MA gp340) mixed with a synthetic muramyl dipeptide adjuvant emulsified in squalane containing a pluronic polymer; it is suitable for both scaled‐up batch production and eventual administration to man. Vaccinated tamarins rapidly developed ELISA detectable high titre antibodies to MA gp340, and their sera became strongly EB virus‐neutralising. After challenge with a massive 100% carcinogenic dose of EB virus, the vaccinated tamarins had a strikingly low level of circulating EB virus‐carrying mononuclear cells, in contrast to a control animal, and remained entirely free of tumours. This first‐generation vaccine has thus been validated in experimental animals and the way opened for a phase I human trial.
Serological evidence of dengue fever among refugees, Hargeysa, Somalia
Authors: Botros Boulos A. M. , Watts Douglas M. , Soliman Atef K. , Salib Adel W. , Moussa Mahmoud I. , Mursal H. , Douglas C. , Farah M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEpidemics of a malaria‐like illness affected several thousand residents of the Dam Camp, a refugee camp near Hargeysa in Somalia, during 1985, 1986, and 1987. The disease was characterized by fever, chills, sweats, headache, back and joint pains for as long as 10 days in some patients. Blood smears from acutely ill patients were negative for malaria. Of 28 acute and 10 convalescent sera tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, all were negative for antibody to Rift Valley fever, Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever, Sindbis, Chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. However, antibody reactive to dengue 2 virus was detected by the IFA test in 39% (15/38), and 11 of 29 (38%) of the same sera were antibody positive by the HI test. Also, IgG antibody reactive to dengue 2 was demonstrated in 60% (17/28) of the same sera by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and 14% (4/28) were positive for IgM antibody. Of ten patients for which acute and convalescent sera were available, two developed four fold or greater rises in antibody titer evidencing infection. These data suggested that dengue virus may have been the cause of the epidemic among the Dam Camp refugees.
Detection of human cytomegalovirus immediate early antigen in leukocytes as a marker of viremia in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Grazia Revello M. , Percivalle Elena , Zavattoni Maurizio , Parea Maurizio , Grossi Paolo , Gerna Giuseppe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells from 35 immunocompromised patients (22 heart transplant recipients and 13 AIDS patients) and four normal subjects were tested for the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early antigen (IEA) (antigenemia) by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and IEA‐specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb). PMN samples were tested in parallel for HCMV isolation (viremia) by using MAb to viral early antigens (EA) and the IFA technique 24–48 hr after inoculation onto human fibroblast monolayers. HCMV was isolated from 26 of 83 PMN samples examined: of these, 25 were also positive for HCMV IEA (96% sensitivity). Seven additional PMN samples negative for viral isolation resulted IEA‐positive (87.7% specificity). Six of the seven discordant samples were taken from four patients during ganciclovir treatment. The transitory dissociation between positive HCMV antigenemia and negative viremia during antiviral treatment was followed, at the end of the therapy, either by virus clearance and disappearance of IEA‐positive PMNs (one patient) or by reappearance of viremia (three patients). Among concordant positive samples, a significant correlation was observed between the number of IEA‐positive PMN leukocytes and EA‐positive nuclei of infected fibroblasts, when the same number of PMNs were used for both tests.
Complement‐Independent neutralising monoclonal antibody with differential reactivity for strains of human cytomegalovirus
Authors: Baboonian C. , Blake K. , Booth J. C. , Wiblin C. N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA mouse monoclonal antibody with complement‐independent neutralising activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and reactive with the 86 kilodalton (kDa) viral glycoprotein H is described. Neutralisation tests against a range of different strains of CMV showed significant crossreactivity, but clear differences were evident between the two prototype viruses AD169 and Davis, and particularly between AD169 and several low‐passage recent clinical isolates; CMV present in urine was neutralised weakly if at all.