bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Networks Derived from Affiliations and Friendships, Multi‐informant and Self‐reports: Stability, Concordance, Placement of Aggressive and Unpopular Children, and Centrality
Authors: Rodkin Philip C. , Ahn Hai‐Jeong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study compares three variations in how researchers construct middle childhood social networks: (1) with friendships or affiliations as a relational tie; (2) with children providing self reports of relationships, or in addition, multi‐informant reports of relationships in which they are not involved; and (3) whether network computation is correlational or distance‐based. The sample was 357 fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students in 17 classrooms. The strongest differences were between self‐reported friendship and affiliative networks. Results showed that compared with affiliations, friendship networks had smaller groups, more isolates, and lower fall‐to‐spring stability. Agreement in social placement between friendship and affiliative networks was generally average, but poor for unpopular and aggressive children. Multi‐informant affiliative networks were most robust in their positioning of aggressive children. Multi‐informant centrality was uniquely uncorrelated with aggression. Network computation differences were not substantial. Discussion focuses on recommendations for research and the educational promise of network technology.
Future Directions in Youth Involvement Research
Authors: Rose‐Krasnor Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractYouth activity involvement has received increasing research and theoretical attention and should be of particular interest to social development investigators. Involvement has been correlated with a wide range of positive developmental indices, although not for all activities nor for all children. However, our ability to interpret such findings has been restricted by measurement and design limitations. Greater attention needs to be given to assessment issues and to determining the unique effects of psychological vs. behavioral engagement, as well as to capturing the dynamic nature of engagement and the moderating role of individual differences. ‘Big picture’ models of the entire engagement process (such as the one presented here) will help identify gaps in our research knowledge and will integrate existing evidence and theory.
Tipping points: what participants found valuable in labour market training programmes for vulnerable groups
Authors: Graham John R. , Jones Marion E. , Shier Micheal 
Published: January 2009

Graham JR, Jones ME, Shier M. Tipping points: what participants found valuable in labour market training programmes for vulnerable groups Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 63–72 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.This article is based on face‐to‐face and focus group interviews with 72 people who have experienced ongoing difficulties integrating into Canadian labour markets, and who had completed a labour market training programme. Participants were representative of at least one (and often several) categories that inhibited labour market integration: low socio‐economic status, Aboriginal status, single parenthood, criminal justice history and being disabled. The major finding: respondents associated life skills rather than labour‐market skills with success in overcoming personal barriers to securing and maintaining employment. Life skills involved developing life meaning and interpersonal skills related to personal cognition and behaviours. Valued cognitions identified by participants were gaining a new perspective on life and realising that the past impacts the present. Valued behaviours identified by participants included actions associated with understanding personal characteristics and motivations, and building positive social support and social capital. These insights provide theoretically rich considerations for labour market training programmes and could considerably influence labour market policies and practices, particularly since most training programmes and policies are geared toward human capital (i.e. labour‐market skills) accumulation.
Motives, experiences and strategies of next of kin helping older relatives in the Swedish welfare context: a qualitative study
Authors: Dunér Anna 
Published: January 2009

Dunér A. Motives, experiences and strategies of next of kin helping older relatives in the Swedish welfare context: a qualitative studyInt J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 54–62 © 2008 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.Next of kin provide the major part of the help given to older people in Sweden, a country where the official goals of formal eldercare are universality and extensive coverage. This qualitative interview study investigates the thoughts and actions of next of kin who provide informal help to older relatives who also receive formal help from the municipal eldercare. Informal help‐giving, in the context of Swedish social policy, was connected with a multiplicity of motives, experiences and strategies. The motives for help‐giving were moral considerations, emotional attachment and ‘out of necessity’. The experiences of next of kin support the idea of ambivalence as a significant feature of informal help‐giving. Different strategies were employed, both active and passive in nature, to manage their situation. The study points out the importance of outlining working forms and methods of collaboration for older persons and their informal and formal networks to lessen the ambivalence experienced by help‐giving next of kin.
Screening for psychosocial distress amongst war‐affected children: cross‐cultural construct validity of the CPDS
Authors: Jordans M. J. D. , Komproe I. H. , Tol W A. , De Jong J. T. V. M. 
Published: January 2009

Background:  Large‐scale psychosocial interventions in complex emergencies call for a screening procedure to identify individuals at risk. To date there are no screening instruments that are developed within low‐ and middle‐income countries and validated for that purpose. The present study assesses the cross‐cultural validity of the brief, multi‐informant and multi‐indicator Child Psychosocial Distress Screener (CPDS).Methods:  The CPDS data of total samples in targeted catchment areas of a psychosocial care program in four conflict‐affected countries (Burundi n = 4193; Sri Lanka n = 2573; Indonesia n = 1624; Sudan n = 1629) were studied to examine the cross‐cultural construct validity of the CPDS across settings. First, confirmatory factor analyses were done to determine the likelihood of pre‐determined theory‐based factor structures in each country sample. Second, multi‐sample confirmatory factor analyses were done within each country sample to test measurement equivalence of the factor structure as a measure of construct validity.Results:  A 3‐factor structure reflecting the theoretical premises of the instrument (e.g., child distress, child resilience and contextual factors) was found in the samples from Burundi, Sri Lanka and Indonesia, albeit with context specific deviations. The robustness of the 3‐factor structure as an indicator of construct validity was confirmed within these three samples by means of multi‐sample confirmatory factor‐analyses. A 3‐factor structure was not found in the Sudan sample.Conclusions:  This study demonstrates the comparability of the assessment by the CPDS of the construct ‘non‐specific psychosocial distress’ across three out of four countries. Robustness of the factor structure of the CPDS within different samples refers to the construct validity of the instrument. However, owing to context‐specific deviations of inter‐item relationships, the CPDS scores cannot be compared cross‐culturally, a finding that confirms the need for attention to contextual factors when screening for non‐specific psychosocial distress.
Market Integration of Fish in Europe
Authors: Nielsen Max , Smit Jos , Guillen Jordi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper examines market integration between fish species in Europe, taking international market integration into account. Based onJuselius (2006), market integration is found both on the fresh and frozen markets. The Law of One Price is in force on the fresh market within the segments of flatfish and pelagic fish. Assuming transitivity, a loose form of market integration is identified between 13 fresh and seven frozen fish species, and the relative prices are found fairly stable. The policy implication is that catch limitation measures implemented through the Common Fisheries Policy have limited and conditional effects on prices, because of the large size of the market and varying market integration. Therefore, many fishermen are not ‘compensated’ by price increases as a result of catch limitation measures.
Validation of a Brief Self‐Administered Questionnaire for Cluster Headache Screening in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Dousset Virginie , Laporte Alain , Legoff Mélanie , Traineau Marie‐Hélène , Dartigues Jean‐François , Brochet Bruno 
Published: January 2009

Background.— Cluster headache remains substantially underdiagnosed and undertreated. Early neurologic referral is indicated in patients with a suspected diagnosis of cluster headache (CH) so that management can be optimized and unnecessary procedures avoided.Objective.— To validate a brief self‐administered questionnaire designed to screen CH cases in tertiary centers.Methods.— The review of clinical studies led us to identify the 3 more prevalent criteria of the second edition of the International Headache Society classification (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition [ICHD II]) for all forms of CH (episodic and chronic forms). These 3 criteria were: strictly unilaterality of pain, attack duration <180 minutes if untreated, ipsilateral conjunctival injection, and/or lacrimation. These criteria were transformed in questions formulated in such a way that they could be self‐administered and easily understood. Answer to each question was yes or no. Patients were unaided. The self‐questionnaire was compared with the gold standard, the ICHD II criteria used by specialists at the university of Bordeaux headache center. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity for the 3 questions and for each pair of questions.Results.— The self‐questionnaire was consecutively and prospectively submitted to 37 patients with CH and 59 patients with migraine. The 3‐item questionnaire had a 78.4% sensibility and a 100% specificity. The 2‐item questionnaire only using the attack duration associated with conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation was more sensitive (81.1%) with the same specificity (100%).Conclusions.— This 2‐item questionnaire could be a useful tool for screening CH cases in tertiary centers.
Development and Construct Validation of the Pharmacists' Care of Migraineurs Scale
Authors: Skomo Monica L. , Desselle Shane P. , Shah Neel 
Published: January 2009

Objectives.— To develop the pharmacists' care of migraineurs scale (PCMS) and to evaluate its psychometric properties.Background.— Migraine is often managed suboptimally in primary care. Migraineurs frequently come into contact with community pharmacists, who have the opportunity to make a positive impact on migraineur treatment outcomes. A valid and reliable tool that measures and documents the care provided by pharmacists to migraineurs is critical to the development and evaluation of educational programs and interventions.Methods.— Relevant domains of pharmacist care and their respective composite items (behaviors) were identified through an extensive literature search and the use of 2 pharmacist and 2 migraineur focus groups sessions. The resultant 45 PCMS items composed a survey questionnaire mailed to a nationwide random sample of 6000 pharmacists. Data were subjected to an exploratory principal axis factoring procedure to discern the factor structure, and as such describe the latent domains composing the pharmacist caring behaviors constructs.Results.— A total of 580 usable responses were returned, with an additional 60 returned as undeliverable, thus yielding a response rate of 9.7%. Exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring yielded 9 factors. However, upon examining the scree plot, communalities, and factor loadings, a reanalysis forcing a 7‐factor solution yielded a more interpretable and plausible factor structure. The 7‐factor solution included the following domains: (1) empathy; (2) prospective drug utilization review for newly diagnosed migraineurs; (3) medication counseling; (4) nonpharmacologic treatment plan; (5) headache sufferer triage; (6) dissemination of public health information; (7) maintenance of knowledge on migraine. Following the application of scale purification procedures, the final instrument is composed of 41 items and demonstrated a Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.947. Cronbach's alpha reliabilities for the 7 domains ranged from 0.67 to 0.91, indicative of good to excellent internal consistency reliabilities for all the domains.Conclusions.— The PCMS demonstrated very good construct validity and reliability. While additional validity testing is warranted, the PCMS should allow for benchmarking in the evaluation of interventions designed to improve pharmacists' care to migraineurs and for identifying correlates to effective community pharmacist migraineur care.
Endemic measles in Karachi, Pakistan and validation of IMCI criteria for measles
Authors: Hussain Hamidah , Omer Saad B , Khan Aamir J , Bhurgri Ahsan , Memon Ashraf , Halsey Neal A 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAim: To estimate the incidence of measles in Karachi, Pakistan and to determine the proportion of children with measles based on the WHO integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) criteria with a positive IgM for measles or dengue.Methods: Patients up to 14 years old were screened for febrile rash illnesses at five Karachi hospitals. Active measles cases were classified as measles, measles with eye and mouth complications, or severe complicated measles using IMCI criteria.Results: Screening 1 219 061 patients over a 39‐month period identified 3503 qualified children. Most (76.8%) measles cases occurred in children under five years of age. The average annual incidence rate was 0.68 per 1000 in year 1; 0.19 in year 2 and 0.08 in year 3 of surveillance. Pneumonia and diarrhoea were the most common complications. Of 18.1% hospitalized, 1.6% died. Of 2286 children tested, 1599 (69.9%) were measles IgM positive. Of 542 measles IgM negative children, 66 (12%) were dengue IgM positive. The predictive positive value for the IMCI case definition was 75%.Conclusion: The IMCI case definitions for measles is reasonable but may overestimate measles incidence. Measles continues to be a public health problem in Pakistan; increased efforts to control measles are urgently needed.
Breast‐feeding and a subsequent diagnosis of measles
Authors: Silfverdal SA , Ehlin A , Montgomery SM 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground: Breast‐feeding protects against many infectious diseases and may also influence immunization outcomes.Aim: This study investigated if breast‐feeding protects against clinical measles and if it modified the effect of immunization.Methods: We used logistic regression with data for 10 207 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort study (BCS70). Breast‐feeding data were collected at five years of age, and information on clinical measles infection, as well as socio‐economic measures was collected at the age of ten years. Breast feeding was categorized as: breast‐fed <1 month (n = 1611), breast‐fed for 1–3 months (n = 1016), breast‐fed for more than three months (n = 1108), breast‐feeding of uncertain duration (n = 21) and never breast‐fed (n = 6451).Results: Breast‐feeding for more than three months was negatively associated with a diagnosis of clinical measles infection after adjustment for crowding, social class, measles vaccination, parity and sex with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.69 (0.60–0.81) compared with those who never breast‐fed. Measles vaccination was highly associated with low risk for measles with: 0.14 (0.13–0.16). Age at acute measles infection was not associated with breastfeeding. Breast‐feeding did not notably alter measles immunization efficacy.Conclusion: Immunization against measles provides effective protection against the disease. A more modest reduction in the risk of a measles diagnosis is associated with breast‐feeding. The associations with a diagnosis of measles for breast‐feeding and measles immunization are independent of each other.
Women's experiences of infant feeding support in the first 6 weeks post‐birth
Authors: Sheehan Athena , Schmied Virginia , Barclay Lesley 
Published: January 2009

AbstractResearch suggests women find the first 2 to 6 weeks to be the most difficult time for breastfeeding. It has been identified that women need and seek support with breastfeeding during this time. Support is a difficult concept to define. When discussed by professionals, support for breastfeeding is generally viewed in terms of providing information and educational interventions. There is little understanding of the different elements of breastfeeding support strategies and the mechanisms by which support operates. Further, there is a paucity of qualitative research specifically reporting women's experiences and expectations of professional support. This paper describes women's expectations and experiences of ‘infant feeding support’ provided by health professionals in the first 6 weeks post‐birth. The findings are drawn from a grounded theory study exploring women's infant feeding decisions in the first 6 weeks post‐birth. Participants were recruited from a variety of socio‐demographic areas of Sydney and the NSW Central Coast, Australia in 2003–2004. The women in this study discussed aspects of what they considered helpful and/or unhelpful in terms of professional support. In addition, they also provided insight into aspects of interactions that were deemed important to them as new mothers learning to feed their babies. The results are presented in three sections: expecting support, experiencing support and evaluating support. The findings help to better understand components of professional practices and behaviours that can be considered supportive. The support behaviours are far more complex than simply increasing education and knowledge of infant feeding. They demonstrate the need for sensitive individualized care and show that this type of support can increase women's confidence to breastfeed.
Personal digital assistant use by nurse practitioners: A descriptive study
Authors: Stroud Sally D. , Smith Carol A. , Erkel Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurpose:We sought to describe the prevalence and patterns of use of personal digital assistants (PDAs) among active nurse practitioners (NPs).Data sources:A descriptive correlational survey was conducted among NPs in the United States (N= 126). Participants were randomly selected from members of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners who had listed a practice site on their application.Conclusions:Sixty‐four percent of participants used PDAs. A drug reference was reported to be the most useful and frequently installed application. A large majority of PDA users believed that PDA use supported clinical decision making (91%), promoted patient safety (89%), and increased productivity (75%). Sixty‐two percent predicted that PDA use would change their practice within the next 5 years.Implications for practice:As innovative PDA applications with potential to improve patient outcomes become increasingly available, handheld computer skills will be a fundamental practice competency. To prevent errors in clinical decision making with quick access to PDA reference materials, NPs must critically evaluate the legitimacy and worth of PDA software programs. There is a critical need to evaluate the effectiveness of PDA use in clinical settings and develop an evidence base to guide use of the PDA in solving clinical problems.
Management of asthma: New approaches to establishing control
Authors: Sarver Nancy , Murphy Kevin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurpose: The high burden of asthma indicates suboptimal control of this chronic condition. This review describes approaches for establishing asthma control based on an understanding of potential issues in the achievement and maintenance of asthma control, recent changes in asthma management guidelines that facilitate attainment of treatment goals, and the importance of the healthcare provider‐patient partnership to emphasize treatment based on asthma control.Data sources: Review of the published literature, asthma management guidelines, and patient asthma education resources.Conclusions: Asthma control is best achieved by patient‐oriented versus disease‐oriented management strategies that incorporate a combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities. Tools that assess and monitor asthma may facilitate the achievement and maintenance of asthma control. Key components of an optimal management strategy include solid partnerships between healthcare providers and patients, comprehensive patient and caregiver education, personalized written asthma action plans, patient‐reported evaluation of symptom control, appropriate drug therapy, strategies for improving compliance with asthma medication regimens, and a treatment algorithm that outlines the facets of asthma management.Implications for practice: Information presented in this article will guide nurse practitioners in helping patients with asthma achieve and maintain long‐term disease control.
REVISITING MATRIX PRODUCT ON MASTER-WORKER PLATFORMS
Authors: DONGARRA JACK , PINEAU JEAN-FRANÇOIS , ROBERT YVES , SHI ZHIAO , VIVIEN FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: January 2009

This paper is aimed at designing efficient parallel matrix-product algorithms for homogeneous master-worker platforms. While matrix-product is well-understood for homogeneous 2D-arrays of processors, there are two key hypotheses that render our work original and innovative: — Centralized data. We assume that all matrix files originate from, and must be returned to, the master. The master distributes both data and computations to the workers. Typically, our approach is useful in the context of speeding up MATLAB or SCILAB clients running on a server (which acts as the master and initial repository of files). — Limited memory. Because we investigate the parallelization of large problems, we cannot assume that full matrix panels can be stored in the worker memories and re-used for subsequent updates. The amount of memory available in each worker is expressed as a given number of buffers, where a buffer can store a square block of matrix elements. These square blocks are chosen so as to harness the power of Level 3 BLAS routines; they are of size 80 or 100 on most platforms. We have devised efficient algorithms for resource selection (deciding which workers to enroll) and communication ordering (both for input and result messages), and we report a set of MPI experiments conducted on a platform at the University of Tennessee.