bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Healing around Titanium and Titanium Nitride‐Coated Dental Implants with Three Surfaces: An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Piattelli Maurizio , Vrespa Giuseppe , Petrone Giovanna , Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Titanium nitride (TiN) has been used in many fields as a coating of surgical instruments, with the purpose of creating materials more resistant to wear and corrosion and also reducing adhesion.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of TiN‐coated dental implants.Materials and Methods: Forty‐five rats were used in this study. One hundred eighty 2 mm 2 mm implants (P.H.I., San Vittore Olona, Milano, Italy) were used. The implants were divided into the following three groups:Group 1 (n= 60):30 machined and 30 machined coated with TiNGroup 2(n= 60):30 sandblasted and 30 sandblasted coated with TiNGroup 3 (n= 60):30 titanium plasma sprayed, 30 titanium plasma sprayed and coated with TiNFour implants were placed in each rat, two implants coated with TiN on the right tibia and two uncoated implants on the left. The animals were killed after 5, 10, 20, 30, or 60 days. Another 18 implants were used for surface roughness analysis. Results: The present study showed that the healing around the TiN‐coated implants was similar to that observed around the uncoated surfaces. Conclusions: TiN coating demonstrated a good biocompatibility, did not have untoward effects on the periimplant bone formation, and did not change the surface roughness values.
Three‐Dimensional Topographic and Metrologic Evaluation of Dental Implants by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Al‐Nawas Bila , Götz Hermann 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Surface topography of dental implants has changed during the past few years; however, the last systematic study on this topic is dated 1993. Purpose: The aim of this study was to correlate dental implants by surface analysis. Materials and Methods: A microtopographic analysis of 35 dental implants was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Roughness value (Sa) and developed surface area (ratio, Sdr) were calculated. Implants were grouped according to their surface treatment: “minimally rough” with no further surface treatment (n= 2); ablative structured using etching or blasting (n= 17); titanium plasma spray coated (TPS; n= 9); coated with hydroxyapatite (HA; n ‐ 7). Results: Most implants (n= 16) showed Sa values between 3.0 and 5.0 um. The developed surface area has a mean value of 13.5 and an SD of 6.52. Minimally rough implant surfaces show the lowest Sa values (mean 0.5 um). Implants with ablative surface treatment have mean Sa values of 3.1 m. Both groups with additive surface treatment (TPS and HA) present similar roughness values with a mean of 6.0 um and 5.8 um, respectively. Ratio Sdr ranges from 3.1 for the minimally rough implants to 11.4 for the ablative treated implants and 14.3 for TPS‐coated and 18.4 for HA‐coated implants. There is a significant difference between the roughness and ratio values of the different groups. The topographic images show a typical surface according to the underlying surface treatment. Conclusions: We can confirm the “classic” grouping of dental implants by type of surface treatment into the groups minimally rough, ablative, TPS coated, and HA coated as these treatments lead to different ascending Sas; however, the additional value of the ratio Sdr including both spatial and amplitude aspects of the surface could not be confirmed in this study. Functional parameters describing the topographic differences are still lacking.
One‐Stage Surgery and Early Loading of Three Implants for Maxillary Overdentures: A 1‐Year Report
Authors: Payne Alan G. T. , Tawse‐Smith Andrew Andrew , Thomson W. Murray W. Murray , Duncan Warwick D. Warwick D. , Kumara Rohana Rohana 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Maxillary implant overdentures opposing mandibular two‐implant overdentures are an underused treatment option for edentulous patients. Fewer implants, simple surgery, and short healing periods may increase patients' acceptance of this treatment concept.Purpose:To determine implant success, after overdenture loading, of three narrow‐diameter roughened‐surface implants placed in edentulous maxillas, using a one‐stage surgical procedure, a 12‐week healing period, and opposing mandibular two‐implant overdentures.Materials and Methods:Forty edentulous participants with mandibular two‐implant overdentures were allocated to two groups with similar implant systems. Each group had three narrow‐diameter roughened‐surface implants placed into their edentulous maxillas in a one‐stage surgical procedure. Standardized intraoral radiography and implant stability tests were performed sequentially at surgery, at 12 weeks (prior to loading), and at 64 weeks (after 1 year of loading with maxillary overdentures).Results:One hundred seventeen implants were placed in 39 participants. After 1 year of loading, 15 implants had failed in 11 patients, 4 implants have been “put to sleep” in 3 patients, and 1 patient has died. Data on marginal bone loss and resonance frequency analysis showed no significant differences between the implant systems. The mean marginal bone loss was 1.30 mm (± 0.44 mm) from surgery to 12 weeks and 0.32 mm (± 0.48 mm) between 12 and 64 weeks with loading. The mean implant stability quotient and resonance frequency values showed a statistically significant improvement over time, at 56.05 (5,891 Hz), 57.54 (5,981 Hz), and 60.88 (6,167 Hz) at surgery, 12 weeks, and 64 weeks, respectively. The overall success rate for all implants combined was 81%, and the cumulative survival rate was 84.61%.Conclusion:In patients with mandibular two‐implant overdentures, three narrow‐diameter roughened‐surface implants can be placed in the edentulous maxilla, using a one‐stage surgical procedure, and can be loaded within 12 weeks with overdentures for 1 year.
Review of the CIE System of Colorimetry and Its Use in Dentistry
Authors: WESTLAND STEPHEN 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTWhen we observe the light reflected from surfaces in a scene or look directly at light emitted by light sources, we experience the sensation of color. Color is just one attribute of a complex and not fully understood set of properties that define the appearance of our surroundings. To measure or specify the color of an object, we need to take into account the nature of the light under which the object is viewed, the spectral reflectance properties of the surface, and the properties of the human color vision system.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIn this article the CIE system of colorimetry is briefly reviewed and its limitations are described.
Digital Photography and the Assessment of Therapeutic Results after Bleaching Procedures
Authors: BENGEL WOLFGANG M. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe therapeutic outcome of tooth‐bleaching procedures can be assessed by different methods, one of them being digital photography. However, none of the methods seems to be perfect. In this overview factors are discussed that have an influence on color rendition and image brightness in (digital) photography. A photographic procedure is proposed that results in comparable images.Beginning with a short description of some digital cameras currently used in dental photography, the article discusses the influence of light and camera technology on image brightness and color rendition in detail. Even if a highly standardized procedure is performed, there remain factors that affect color and brightness that cannot be excluded completely. Therefore, a photographic procedure is proposed that includes a piece of gray card in the picture as a neutral reference object. In this way, color casts can be eliminated and image brightness can be fine tuned using a standard image‐editing program (Adobe Photoshop®, Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, CA, USA) before the relevant color values are metered by the same software.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEA photographic procedure using digital cameras is proposed that is relatively simple and sufficiently precise to allow the assessment of the therapeutic outcome of tooth‐bleaching procedures.
Tooth Color Measurement Using Chroma Meter: Techniques, Advantages, and Disadvantages
Authors: YIMING L.I. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTTooth whitening has become a popular and routine dental procedure, and its efficacy and safety have been well documented. However, the measurement of tooth color, particularly in the evaluation of the efficacy of a system intended to enhance tooth whiteness, remains a challenge. One of the instruments used for assessing tooth color in clinical whitening studies is the Minolta Chroma Meter CR‐321 (Minolta Corporation USA, Ramsey, NJ, USA). This article describes the instrument and discusses various measuring procedures and the Chroma Meter's advantages, limitations, and disadvantages. The available information indicates that, although Minolta Chroma Meter CR‐321 provides quantitative and objective measurements of tooth color, it can be tedious to use with a custom alignment device. The Chroma Meter data are inconsistent with the commonly used visual instruments such as Vitapan Classical Shade Guide (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), although in many cases the general trends are similar. It is also questionable whether the small area measured adequately represents the color of the whole tooth. A more critical challenge is the lack of methods for interpreting the Chroma Meter data regarding tooth color change in studies evaluating the efficacy of whitening systems. Consequently, at present the Chroma Meter data alone do not appear to be adequate for determining tooth color change in whitening research, although the quantitative measurements may be useful as supplemental or supportive data. Research is needed to develop and improve the instrument and technique for quantitative measurement of tooth color and interpretation of the data for evaluating tooth color change.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis paper will help readers to understand the advantages and limitations of the Minolta Chroma Meter used for evaluating the efficacy of tooth‐whitening systems so that proper judgment can be made in the interpretation of the results of clinical studies.
Reduction of Polymerization Shrinkage Stress and Marginal Microleakage Using Soft‐Start Polymerization
Authors: ERNST CLAUS‐PETER , BRAND NICOLE , FROMMATOR ULRIKE , RIPPIN GERD , WILLERSHAUSEN BRITA 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study evaluated the influence of a soft‐start light‐curing exposure on polymerization shrinkage stress and marginal integrity of adhesive restorations.Materials and Methods: Six resin‐based composites (Pertac II, Tetric Ceram, Definite, Surefil, Solitaire, and Visio‐Molar) were adhesively bonded to a cylindrical cavity (n = 9 per material/light) in a photoelastic material. Visible light‐curing was applied using either the standard polymerization mode (800 mW/cm2 exposure duration 40 s) of the curing light (Elipar TriLight, 3M ESPE) or the exponential mode from the same device (ramp‐curing: 150 mW/cm2 to 800 mW/cm2 within the first 15 s of a total curing time of 40 s). Polymerization stress was calculated at 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours postexposure from the second‐order isochromatic curves obtained from photoelastic images (Matrox‐Inspector). Two standardized Class V preparations were made each on the facial and lingual surfaces of 80 extracted human molars and premolars. Resin restorative systems (Pertac II/EBS Multi, Tetric Ceram/Syntac, Definite/Etch&Prime 3.0, and Surefil/Prime & Bond 2.1) were exposed using both light exposure modes (n = 20). Marginal dye penetration (2% methylene blue) was investigated separately for enamel and cementum margins after thermocycling. To obtain information on equivalent depth of cure, relative surface hardness measurements were performed on resin samples of the same material at the top surface and at 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm thickness (Zwick 3212, 10 N).Results: A significant (p < .01) reduction in polymerization stress of 7.1% for Pertac II, 4.1% for Tetric Ceram, 3.6% for Definite, 3.7% for Surefil, and 6.2% for Solitaire was observed when using the exponential mode as opposed to the standard. A significant (p = .04) reduction of marginal dye penetration was found only for Pertac II/EBS Multi at the cementum margins when the soft‐start polymerization was used. For the sample thickness of 3 mm, a significant higher relative bottom to top surface ratio in favor of the standard exposure mode was found (p = .001).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEDepending on the restorative material, soft‐start polymerization may lead to a significant reduction in marginal microleakage of adhesive Class V restorations. This effect might be attributable to a significantly lower polymerization stress, as seen from photoelastic analysis, and/or a decrease in the degree of conversion, as deducted from surface hardness ratios. However, the effect of soft‐start curing mode depends on the material itself, with the most effective response from hybrid resin‐based composites.
Use of a Modified Ovate Pontic in Areas of Ridge Defects: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: LIU CHIUN‐LIN STEVEN 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTA modified design for ovate pontics is proposed to achieve the esthetic, functional, and hygienic requirements for fixed partial dentures. This design should aid the clinician in preparing the edentulous area, thus resulting in less discomfort for the patient because little to no ridge augmentation is required. The same emergence profile can be developed as with the classic ovate pontic design.
Clinical Strategies for Success in Proximoincisal Composite Restorations. Part I: Understanding Color and Composite Selection
Authors: FELIPPE LUÍS ANTÔNIO , Jr SYLVIO MONTEIRO , CALDEIRA DE ANDRADA CESAR ALVES , CERQUEIRA AMANDA DIXON DI , RITTER ANDRE V. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe restoration of proximoincisal (Class IV) defects with direct resin‐based composites requires attention to many technical and artistic details. This article is the first of a series of two articles that aim at presenting clinical strategies for optimal success when direct resin‐based composites are used for the restoration of moderate or large proximoincisal defects. Concepts of natural anatomy, color as it relates to dental structures, and composite selection are discussed in this article and are illustrated with a preclinical exercise and two clinical cases in which these concepts are applied.
Defining the Clinical Characteristics of Peyronie’s Disease in Young Men
Authors: Deveci Serkan , Hopps Carin V. , O’Brien Keith , Parker Marilyn , Guhring Patricia , Mulhall John P. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is usually seen in men in their fifth decade of life.

Aim
In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the disease in young men.

Main Outcome Measures
The demographics, clinical features, and associated comorbidities of the patients with PD were retrospectively reviewed.

Methods
The findings were compared between men with the disease who were under 40 years of age with those over 40 years. Statistical analyses were conducted to define differentiating features between these two groups.

Results
Of the 296 patients, 32 were under the age of 40 years and 264 over 40 years. The mean duration of the disease was 2 ± 4 and 6 ± 8 months in the respective age groups. Fifty-six percent of the patients under the age of 40 years and 75% of the patients over this age presented with curvature (P &lt; 0.01). Thirty-seven percent under 40 years and 12% men over 40 years had more than one plaque at presentation (P &lt; 0.01). Dupuytren’s contracture was seen only in patients over 40 years of age. Pain at presentation was found in 75% under the age of 40 years and in 65% over 40 years (P = 0.03). Trauma history was found in 18% under 40 years and in 5% over this age (P &lt; 0.01). Statistical significant differences were found between the groups under and over the age of 40 years for hypertension (P &lt; 0.01) and dyslipidemia (P &lt; 0.01). Diabetes was noted in 50% of the patients under the age of 40 years and in 18% of the patients over this age (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis of conditions associated in men with PD under 40 years of age showed statistical significant differences for diabetes (P = 0.015), presentation within 6 months (P = 0.004), and having multiple plaques (P = 0.008).

Conclusion
Young men with PD are more likely to present at an earlier stage of the disease, to have diabetes, and to have more than one plaque at the time of presentation.
plcR papR-Independent Expression of Anthrolysin O byBacillus anthracis
Authors: Ross Caná L. , Koehler Theresa M. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTCholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are secreted, pore-forming toxins that are associated with pathogenesis in a variety of gram-positive bacteria.Bacillus anthracisproduces anthrolysin O (ALO), a CDC that is largely responsible for the hemolytic activity of culture supernates when the bacterium is cultured in appropriate conditions.B. cereusandB. thuringiensis, species closely related toB. anthracis, produce CDCs with significant amino acid sequence homology to ALO. Transcription of theB. cereusandB. thuringiensisCDC genes is controlled by PlcR, a transcription regulator that requires a pentapeptide derived from thepapRgene product for binding to a consensus sequence (PlcR box) and transcriptional activation of downstream genes. A PlcR box precedes theB. anthracis alogene, and theB. anthracisgenome contains threeplcR-like genes, one of which harbors a nonsense mutation that is predicted to result in a truncated, nonfunctional protein. We detected mRNA ofalo,papR, and the threeplcR-like genes in spleens ofB. anthracis-infected mice, indicating gene expression in vivo. Analysis ofalotranscription in batch culture revealed a potential transcription start located between the PlcR box and the translational start. Nevertheless, steady-state levels ofalotranscripts and ALO protein were unaffected by deletion ofpapRor disruption of the PlcR box. Our data indicate that despite the presence of the transcriptionally activeplcRandpapRgenes inB. anthracisand a PlcR box in the promoter region of thealogene,aloexpression is independent of this control system.
Mutation of His-157 in the Second Pore Loop Drastically Reduces the Activity of the
Synechocystis
Ktr-Type Transporter
Authors: Zulkifli Lalu , Uozumi Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Mutation of a conserved His-157 in the second pore loop of KtrB drastically reduced the activity of the K
+
transporter from
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6803. This result suggests that His-157 plays an essential role in the K
+
transport activity of the transporter system.
ExsY and CotY Are Required for the Correct Assembly of the Exosporium and Spore Coat of
Bacillus cereus
Authors: Johnson Matt J. , Todd Sarah J. , Ball David A. , Shepherd Andrew M. , Sylvestre Patricia , Moir Anne 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

The exosporium-defective phenotype of a transposon insertion mutant of
Bacillus cereus
implicated ExsY, a homologue of
B. subtilis
cysteine-rich spore coat proteins CotY and CotZ, in assembly of an intact exosporium. Single and double mutants of
B. cereus
lacking ExsY and its paralogue, CotY, were constructed. The
exsY
mutant spores are not surrounded by an intact exosporium, though they often carry attached exosporium fragments. In contrast, the
cotY
mutant spores have an intact exosporium, although its overall shape is altered. The single mutants show altered, but different, spore coat properties. The
exsY
mutant spore coat is permeable to lysozyme, whereas the
cotY
mutant spores are less resistant to several organic solvents than is the case for the wild type. The
exsY cotY
double-mutant spores lack exosporium and have very thin coats that are permeable to lysozyme and are sensitive to chloroform, toluene, and phenol. These spore coat as well as exosporium defects suggest that ExsY and CotY are important to correct formation of both the exosporium and the spore coat in
B. cereus.
Both ExsY and CotY proteins were detected in Western blots of purified wild-type exosporium, in complexes of high molecular weight, and as monomers. Both
exsY
and
cotY
genes are expressed at late stages of sporulation.
Short Hairpin RNA Knockdown of the Androgen Receptor Attenuates Ligand-Independent Activation and Delays Tumor Progression
Authors: Cheng Helen , Snoek Rob , Ghaidi Fariba , Cox Michael E. , Rennie Paul S. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Progression to androgen independence is the lethal end stage of prostate cancer. We used expression of androgen receptor (AR)-targeted short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) to directly test the requirement for AR in ligand-independent activation of androgen-regulated genes and hormone-independent tumor progression. Transient transfection of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells showed that AR shRNA decreased R1881 induction of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-luciferase reporter by 96%, whereas activation by forskolin, interleukin-6, or epidermal growth factor was inhibited 48% to 75%. Whereas the antiandrogen bicalutamide provided no further suppression, treatment with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor U0126 completely abrogated the residual activity, indicating a MAPK-dependent, AR-independent pathway for regulating the PSA promoter. Expression of doxycycline-inducible AR shRNA expression in LNCaP cells resulted in decreased levels of AR and PSA as well as reduced proliferation in vitro. When these cells were grown as xenografts in immunocompromised mice, induction of AR shRNA decreased serum PSA to below castration nadir levels and significantly retarded tumor growth over the entire 55-day experimental period. This is the first demonstration that, by inducibly suppressing AR expression in vivo, there is an extensive delay in progression to androgen independence as well as a dramatic inhibition of tumor growth and decrease in serum PSA, which exceeds that seen with castration alone. Based on these findings, we propose that suppressing AR expression may provide superior therapeutic benefit in reducing tumor growth rate than castration and may additionally be very effective in delaying progression to androgen independence. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10613-20)