bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediated Modeling of the Impacts of Enhanced UV‐B Radiation on Ecosystem Services
Authors: van den Belt Marjan , Bianciotto Oscar A. , Costanza Robert , Demers Serge , Diaz Susana , Ferreyra Gustavo A. , Koch Evamaria W. , Momo Fernando R. , Vernet Maria 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThis article describes the use of group model building to facilitate interaction with stakeholders, synthesize research results and assist in the development of hypotheses about climate change at the global level in relation to UV‐B radiation and ecosystem service valuation. The objective was to provide a platform for integration of the various research components within a multidisciplinary research project as a basis for interaction with stakeholders with backgrounds in areas other than science. An integrated summary of the scientific findings, along with stakeholder input, was intended to produce a bridge between science and policymaking. We used a mediated modeling approach that was implemented as a pilot project in Ushuaia, Argentina. The investigation was divided into two participatory workshops: data gathering and model evaluation. Scientists and the local stakeholders supported the valuation of ecosystem services as a useful common denominator for integrating the various scientific results. The concept of economic impacts in aquatic and marsh systems was represented by values for ecosystem services altered by UV‐B radiation. In addition, direct local socioeconomic impacts of enhanced UV‐B radiation were modeled, using data from Ushuaia. We worked with 5 global latitudinal regions, focusing on net primary production and biomass for the marine system and on 3 plant species for the marsh system. Ecosystem service values were calculated for both sectors. The synthesis model reflects the conclusions from the literature and from experimental research at the global level. UV‐B is not a significant stress for the marshes, relative to the potential impact of increases in the sea level. Enhanced UV‐B favors microbial dynamics in marine systems that could cause a significant shift from primary producers to bacteria at the community level. In addition, synergetic effects of UV‐B and certain pollutants potentiate the shift to heterotrophs. This may impact the oceanic carbon cycle by increasing the ratio of respiratory to photosynthetic organisms in surface waters and, thus, the role of the ocean as a carbon sink for atmospheric CO2. In summary, although changes in the marine sector due to anthropogenic influences may affect global climate change, marshes are expected to primarily be affected by climate change.
An Essential Resource for the Aging: Dance Therapy
Authors: Helm Jocelyn B. , Gill Kathleen L. 
Published: April 2006

How marvelous to observe what pure ecstasy dance brings to small children where the movement has become an exploration of the total being. “spontaneity and creativity working together toward a knowing, doing, and valuing experience” (Dimondstein 249). But dance as defined in America, when applied to the young means one thing, to the middle-aged another, and to the aged something entirely different.The whole spectrum of movement is diminished for the aged. Within our system we have subtle culturally determined reinforcers which encourage negative self-images and attitudes as people grow old. Our society prescribes, along with what we eat, wear, and think, even how and when we shall grow old. Individuals are forced to assume the characteristic physical and mental attitudes of the aged, once they have acquired a certain number of years. The current aged population is a product of its upbringing - of the youth culture and “the Pepsi generation.” Forced into obsolescence, the bodies of the aged become “folded inward” reflecting and enforcing their withdrawal from society. Their perception of themselves as fragile is visible in their every movement.This paper focuses on aging as a natural biological process and studies the role of movement and exercise in this process. It puts forth the thesis that regular programs of dance and movement are vital for the physical and mental well-being of the aged in our society.
The Law-in-Action of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Arsanjani Mahnousk H. , Reisman W. Michael 
Published: April 2006

When we are dealing with words that also are a constituent act, like the Constitution of the United States, we must realize that they have called into life a being the development of which could not have been foreseen completely by the most gifted of its begetters.
—Missouri v. Holland (Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., J.)As the International Criminal Court (ICC) moves from an exhilarating idea to a carefully negotiated document and finally to an operational institution, the cogency of its conception will be tested by the manifold realities of international politics, not the least of which will be the practical and financial limits those realities may place upon investigation and prosecution. The drafters of the Rome Statute benefited from important previous experiments—the Nuremberg Tribunal and the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda. But once the Court is launched, the predecessors and prototypes that were so helpful in the drafting stages will be of less and less assistance. The ICC must operate in a substantially different context than the earlier efforts, and the problems it will encounter (and already is encountering) will be different from and may prove more formidable than those facing its prototypes.
The Oracle Inscriptions discovered at Dodona
Authors: Roberts E. S. 
Published: April 2006

Students of archaeology are now familiar with the splendid work in which Constantin Carapanos two years ago gave to the world the results of his discoveries at Dodona. The vexed question of the site of the ancient temple was finally set at rest, it will be remembered, by the discovery of a large number of inscriptions recording dedications to Zeus Naïos and Dione. The immense quantity of relics and works of art brought to light in the course of the excavations has been exhaustively catalogued in the work, Dodone et ses Ruines, and they have been illustrated and described by various scholars and reviewers. The inscriptions, too, have, at least on the Continent, come in for some share of notice and criticism. A detailed account of these inscriptions—their contributions to the lexicon, to dialectology, to local and general history, and to topography—is still a desideratum. For, as was only to be expected, the interpretations and criticisms of Carapanos himself are rather general than critical. His text, moreover, is frequently open to objection.In a classification of these inscriptions our attention is at once drawn to an obviously new category; and it is with this alone that we propose to concern ourselves in the present article. The category comprises a quantity of more or less legible inscriptions engraved upon one or both sides of leaden plates often not exceeding a millimetre in thickness. These plates form a unique series of documents belonging to the archives of the famous oracle at Dodona, and contain the questions addressed, or prayers offered, to the deity by his votaries, who might be either communities or individuals.
A Romaic Ballad
Authors: Ramsay W. M. 
Published: April 2006

The following popular song was shown me by M. Fontrier, one of the directors of the museum belonging to the Evangelical School in Smyrna, who had heard it during a visit to Icaria in the year 1874. As the song is interesting from its reference to mediaeval history, I urged M. Fontrier to publish it, but he preferred to put it at my disposal. With his kind help, which is always most generously given in everything that concerns the study of Greek, the following pages have been written. A slight account of the historical circumstances to which the ballad refers would form a fitting commentary; but materials for this are not at hand. The account given by Ross (Reisen auf den griech. Inseln, ii. 6, 156 ff.) of his visit to the island forms an excellent geographical commentary. M. Fontrier visited most parts of the island, and from his notes I give some additions and corrections to Ross on points connected with the ballad.[The event referred to in the ballad seems to belong to the occupation of Icaria by the Genoese in the middle of the fourteenth century, when the island of Chios was conquered by that people, and became the property of a Maona or trading company, who held it for 220 years, from 1346—1566.
Continuity and Change in Traditional Folklore*
Authors: Pop Mihai 
Published: April 2006

Rumanian folklore is at present undergoing an intense process of transformation of its old and rich traditions. This is due to changes in the way of life, the conceptions and the culture of its creators. Some folklore has had to be abandoned as obsolete and some has become crystallised in fixed forms and is no longer productive. On the other hand, some old genres have acquired a new popularity and a large number of new songs and dances are enriching our folklore.The renewal of tradition is characterized by changes in the function and consequently in the very structure of the folk creations. New variants appear which acquire gradually an indpendent structure. The changes in the formation and structure not only affect isolated creations but whole categories, causing important modifications in the traditional system of the folklore genres, their interrelation and their artistic form.
Jewish and Gentile Folk Song in the Balkans and Its Relation to the Liturgical Music of the Sephardic Jews in Bulgaria
Authors: Kaufman Nikolay 
Published: April 2006

The synagogical songs of the Sephardic Jews in Bulgaria can be divided into two main sections: (1) recitative singing of texts in prose, which is performed in accordance with definite fixed patterns in different scales, and (2) solemn hymns on poetic texts.The recitatives differ in their manner of performance and in melody from the people's songs of the Balkans. Similar are only their scales, which are in general encountered in the songs of all Balkan peoples (including the Sephardic Jews in Bulgaria).The solemn hymns, however, are very close in melody to some urban songs of the Balkan peoples, and in particular to those of Greeks and Bulgarians. In certain cases we encounter direct borrowings of melodies from urban folkore, to which paschal, atonement (Yom Kippur), Friday evening, etc., synagogical songs are sung. Performed by the cantors and the congregation, these songs show a certain similarity with liturgical songs in general.
Song in Hopi Culture, Past and Present1
Authors: List George 
Published: April 2006

The Hopis are the westernmost of the Pueblo Indian tribes. Their reservation is located in an arid and rather isolated section of north-eastern Arizona. Here their villages are distributed among the southern spurs of the great Black Mesa, a tableland stretching many miles to the north. The eleven villages on the reservation form three clusters. Moving from east to west, these groups of villages are known as First Mesa, Second Mesa, and Third Mesa.The old village of Oraibi, on Third Mesa, was first settled in the thirteenth century and is thus the oldest continuously occupied site in the United States. In the first decade of this century Oraibi was the scene of a political struggle between a progressive faction wishing to adopt certain of the white man's ways and a conservative group who opposed this path. In the Hopi language the wordHopisignifies “the peaceful people.”
Demografia en la zona puuc: El recurso del metodo
Authors: Becquelin Pierre , Michelet Dominique 
Published: April 2006

ResumenDatos sobre asentamiento nuevamente obtenidos en el sitio puuc de Xculoc y sus cercanías (Campeche, México), nos permiten calcular el tamaño de la población de este sector en el momento de su auge (900-1000 D.C.). Los datos incluyen dimensiones de los pisos internos de toda residencia potencial, así como las capacidades de las cisternas subterráneas (chultunes) que constituían las únicas fuentes de agua durante la temporada seca de seis meses (noviembre-mayo). La división de las superficies y capacidades totales por coeficientes basados en datos etnoarqueológicos produce cifras de población menores que las que se habrían obtenido por medio de la aplicación de las proporciones utilizadas en el sitio cercano de Sayil (McAnany 1990; Tourtellot et al. 1990). Los resultados sugieren que es necesario re-examinar los cálculos de la población maya del horizonte Clásico producidos durante los pasados 20 años. La reducción de 30 a 50 por ciento que proponemos tendría implicaciones sustanciales en cuanto a nuestra concepción de la organización económica, política, y social de la sociedad clásica maya.
Analisis Quimico de Pisos de Ocupacion: Un Caso Etnografico en Tlaxcala, Mexico
Authors: Barba Luis , Ortiz Agustín 
Published: April 2006

ResumenLa arqueología moderna ha enfocado su atención al estudio de las áreas de actividad para entender formas de vida y patrones de subsistencia. Esto ha conducido a que se manejen niveles de análisis cada vez más pequeños, tales como los estudios de microarqueología, la recuperación de información botánica por medio de la flotación de restos vegetales, y el estudio de fitolitos y polen. Hasta el momento, el análisis químico de los pisos representa la escala más pequeña de estudio, ya que se está tratando con iones y moléculas químicas invisibles, impregnadas en los pisos. Sin embargo, la interpretación arqueológica de estos datos necesita estar sustentada por estudios etnoarqueológicos para entender los patrones de contaminación de actividades universales como el comer, cocinar, almacenar, etcétera y poder extrapolarlos coherentemente a contextos arqueológicos.El presente trabajo muestra la relación entre las actividades humanas practicadas in situ y la distribución de compuestos químicos orgánicos e inorgánicos que impregnan los pisos de un área habitacional localizada en el poblado de San Vicente Xiloxochitla, en Tlaxcala, México.Las pruebas químicas aplicadas a 76 muestras identificaron las concentraciones de carbonatos, fosfatos, pH, hierro, calcio, albúmina, ácidos grasos y carbohidratos, además de registrar su color Munsell. Los mapas de distribución muestran que las mayores alteraciones producidas por la ocupación están relacionadas principalmente con las actividades alimenticias y con los desechos de los animales. El resto de las actividades tuvieron un impacto menor en el enriquecimiento químico de los pisos pero a pesar de ello resultan claramente reconocibles. Lo anterior constituye una prueba fehaciente del tipo de información que los compuestos químicos impregnados en los pisos pueden proporcionar en contextos arqueológicos, especialmente cuando los materiales sobre los pisos son escasos.
Ancient and Modern Maya Exploitation of theJuteSnail (Pachychilus)
Authors: Healy Paul F. , Emery Kitty , Wright Lori E. 
Published: April 2006

Although the economic basis of the ancient lowland Maya civilization was principally maize agriculture, throughout their long history the Maya remained proficient fishers, hunters, and gatherers. Research increasingly has suggested early and extensive Maya exploitation of the freshwater molluscan speciesPachychilus, called jute by the modern Maya. This report reviews archaeological evidence for use of this stream- and river-dwelling invertebrate and summarizes recent data from the site of Pacbitun, in western Belize.Pachychilusnot only was used for dietary purposes, but occasionally was included in Maya ritual deposits. Ecological information on the habitat ofPachychilusis given, as well as a description of its nutritional value and contemporary methods of collecting and processing jute in the modern Maya community of San Antonio (Cayo), Belize. It is concluded thatPachychiluswas one minor but widespread element of the ancient Maya subsistence regime.Although the economic basis of the ancient lowland Maya civilization was principally maize agriculture, throughout their long history the Maya remained proficient fishers, hunters, and gatherers. Research increasingly has suggested early and extensive Maya exploitation of the freshwater molluscan speciesPachychilus, called jute by the modern Maya. This report reviews archaeological evidence for use of this stream- and river-dwelling invertebrate and summarizes recent data from the site of Pacbitun, in western Belize.Pachychilusnot only was used for dietary purposes, but occasionally was included in Maya ritual deposits. Ecological information on the habitat ofPachychilusis given, as well as a description of its nutritional value and contemporary methods of collecting and processing jute in the modern Maya community of San Antonio (Cayo), Belize. It is concluded thatPachychiluswas one minor but widespread element of the ancient Maya subsistence regime.
Tecnologia y funcion de las puntas de Paijan: El aporte de la experimentacion
Authors: Pelegrin Jacques , Chauchat Claude 
Published: April 2006

ResumenEn el curso de las investigaciones sobre el Paijanense de la costa nor-peruana, se estableció un programa de experimentos de talla de las puntas de proyectil llamadas puntas de Paiján. Diez experimentos de talla fueron realizados con implementos y materiales locales y sistemáticamente documentados: definición de las fases del proceso, tiempo de trabajo, recuento y descripción de todas las lascas-desechos, pesos, características de los productos obtenidos al fin de cada fase. Los resultados proporcionan información de orden económico sobre una actividad importante de los paijanenses y tienen consecuencias socio-culturales. Estos resultados se aplicarán al estudio de talleres arqueológicos ya recolectados. La ausencia de fauna terrestre de gran tamaño en los restos alimenticios de los sitios de vivienda y la morfología especial de las puntas sugieren que aquéllas han sido empleadas para atravesar peces marinos de tamaño mediano a grande, los cuales se encuentran en los basurales arqueológicos.
Round Structures, Household Identity, and Public Performance in Preclassic Maya Society
Authors: Hendon Julia A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractJames Aimers and colleagues consider the social meaning and function of round structures, a poorly understood but significant architectural feature of many Preclassic Maya sites. Based on my own work on the connection between such structures and the development of social stratification and changes in the relations between households and the state, I offer additional examples of the location and role of these structures in order to expand on the insights offered by Aimers et al.
Entierros de Perros descubiertos en la antigua ciudad de Tula
Authors: Azúa Raúl Valadez , Gudiño Blanca Paredes , Galicia Bernardo Rodríguez 
Published: April 2006

Resumen
En este artículo presentamos nuevos datos arqueológicos que aumentan nuestro conocimiento acerca del papel del perro (Canis familiaris) en tiempos prehispánicos, principalmente en lo que se refiere a su morfología general y número de razas presentes en el centro de Mesoamérica. Una colección de 27 perros provenientes de entierros, pertenecientes a la más antigua ocupación (650-750 d. C.) de la ciudad de Tula, Hidalgo, fue estudiada y los resultados muestran la presencia de tres razas perfectamente definidas. Este hallazgo permite, por primera vez y a partir de un análisis científico, establecer la existencia de varias razas de perros mesoamericanas y definir su aspecto general. Los tipos reconocidos incluyen (1) un perro de talla media con el cuerpo cubierto de pelo, (2) otro de dimensiones similares pero sin pelo y (3) otro más pequeño, con pelo, pero con miembros 30% más cortos. Los datos se ajustan muy bien a las descripciones de Bernardino de Sahagún sobre los perros del centro de México en el siglo dieciseis d. C., así que nuestro estudio nos permite establecer la presencia de estos animales en la región central a partir del siglo siete d. C. Las tres razas incluyen el perro común mesoamericano o itzcuintli, el perro pelón xoloitzcuintli y el perrito de piso o tlalchichi. Además, el establecimiento de tres razas distintas resuelve debates en la literatura sobre el índole de los perros prehispánicos de México.
Hemidiaphragmatic reconstruction with a transversus abdominis muscle flap after resection of a solitary diaphragmatic mesothelioma in a dog
Authors: Liptak Julius M. , Brebner Nicholas S. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 2-year-old Siberian Husky was evaluated because of a 2-week history of coughing and gagging and decreased appetite and activity level.
Clinical Findings—Radiography, surgery, and immunohistochemical examination revealed a solitary sclerosing mesothelioma extending from the left thoracic diaphragmatic surface that was adherent to the pericardium and the caudal mediastinum.
Treatment and Outcome—The tumor was resected along with most of the left hemidiaphragm, and the left transversus abdominis muscle was used to reconstruct the diaphragm. The 13th rib formed the base of the muscle flap. The muscle flap was transposed into the defect so that the mesothelium-lined surface faced the thoracic cavity and the deep aspect of the muscle formed the abdominal surface of the diaphragm. To minimize risk of adhesions, the exposed raw aspect of the abdominal surface was covered with porcine small intestinal submucosa. Recovery was uncomplicated, and the dog's appetite and activity level soon returned to normal. Evaluation 54 days after surgery revealed 2 subcutaneous masses on the thorax and masses in the liver and both kidneys; histologic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed metastasis of the original tumor. The dog was euthanatized.
Clinical Relevance—Hemidiaphragmatic reconstruction with a transversus abdominis muscle flap after resection of a diaphragmatic tumor was successful. The muscle flap was easily harvested and transposed into the diaphragmatic defect.
Choledochal tube stenting for decompression of the extrahepatic portion of the biliary tract in dogs: 13 cases (2002–2005)
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Richardson Robert W. , Mehler Stephen J. , Holt David E. , Weisse Chick W. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinicopathologic features, surgical management, complications, and long-term outcome associated with diseases of the extrahepatic portion of the biliary tract treated via choledochal stent placement in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—13 dogs.
Procedure—Data were obtained from medical records, and follow-up information was obtained via reexamination or telephone interview with owners or referring veterinarians.
Results—10 dogs had extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO), 6 as a result of pancreatitis. Two dogs had rupture of the common bile duct associated with cholelithiasis. In 1 dog, a stent was placed prophylactically after gastroduodenostomy was performed for a perforated duodenal ulcer. Nine of 13 dogs survived the perioperative period and were discharged. No recurrence of EHBO or other complications developed in the discharged dogs while the stents were in place. Median follow-up period from surgery to last owner contact was 13.3 months. In 1 dog, the stent was removed endoscopically 10 months after surgery and EHBO recurred 9 months after stent removal because of cholangitis. In 4 of 5 dogs that were discharged from the hospital, in which the fate of the stent could be confirmed and the stent was secured to the duodenal wall with absorbable suture materials, the stents were passed in the feces 1 to 11 months after surgery.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Choledochal tube stenting is an effective method of decompression of the extrahepatic portion of the biliary tract in dogs and provides a less complex alternative to traditional cholecystoenterostomy techniques in select cases.