bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between Foaming Properties and the Structure of Surface Active Substances. I. Foaming Properties of Aqueous Soap and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Authors: Kashiwagi Maresuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The foaming power measurement by Ross-Miles method was found to be useful for the study of surface active substances.
2) A general rule for the foaming power would be that it increases with concentration up to cmc., and above it, becomes nearly constant or somewhat decreases. The foaming power is also inversely proportional to the surface tension.
3) The cmc. and other physical constants can be determined by the foaming power measurement.
4) Ion rather than micelle is presumed to be predominant with respect to foaming properties.
5) Effect of inorganic ions on foaming is slightly in the order of lyotropic series, namely Li+&gt;Na+&gt;K+&gt;Rb+, just before salting out.
Crystallinity Studies of Polychlorotrifluoroethylene by Infrared Method. I. Measurement of the Degree of Crystallinity
Authors: Matsuo Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystalline-amorphous ratio, and consequently the degree of crystallinity of polychlorotrifluoroethylene was measured by use of the ratio of observed absorbance of crystalline band at 440 cm.−1 to that of amorphous band at 760 cm.−1. The crystallinity as a function of temperature was measured by this method, and it was in good agreements with that obtained by specific heat methd. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the degree of crystallinity and the specific volume was found, and it leads to extrapolated values of film and 0.4901 and 0.4575 for the specific volumes of completely amorphous and crystalline meterials, respectively.
A Simplified Method for the Preparation of N-Acetylphenylalanines
Authors: Okuda Tôru , Fujii Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple and practical procedure is described of preparing N-acetylphenylalanines by hydrogenation of the corresponding unsaturated azlactones in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with Raney nickel under pressure. By this method N-acetyl derivatives of phenylalanine, p-methylphenylalanine, p-methoxyphenylalanine and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalanine were synthesized in good yield.
Studies on Organic Reagents for Inorganic Analysis. II. Spectrophotometric Study on Phenylfluorone Chelates of the Fourth Group Metal Elements
Authors: Sano Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absorption spectra of phenylfluorone and its chelates with the fourth group metal elements, titanium, germanium, zirconium and tin were studied. It was found that in acidic solutions the absorption maxima of these metal chelates shift towards a longer wavelength with increasing ionicity of the bond between the metal and the terminal oxygen atom of the ligand phenylfluorone. These absorption spectra were examined by the aid of free electron gas model method. Kuhn’s theory was applied to the calculation of the value V0 from the absorption maximum observed in each metal chelate. It was shown that there was a certain relationship between the value of V0 obtained and the ionicity of the chelating bond which is estimated from the difference of electronegativity between the metal and the terminal oxygen atom. The relation can be expressed as follows: V_0=k(1-I)^n (4’) where, n is a parameter depending on the method used for the estimation of the ionicity, k a parameter characteristic of the chelating dye used and equal to the value of V0 for the polyene having the same number of the conjugated double bond. These results were applied to explain the “ red shift” observed in acidic solutions of organic dyes in the colorimetric determinations of metals. A more detailed investigation concerning the nature of the chelating bond will be reported later.
Studies on Crystals of Metallic Tris-ethylenediamine Complexes. III. The Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Optically Active Complex Ion, [Co en3]3+, by Means of X-rays
Authors: Saito Yoshihiko , Nakatsu Kazumi , Shiro Motoo , Kuroya Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absolute configuration of an optically active complex ion [Co en3]3+ has been determined by means of X-ray absorption edge technique. Cu Kα radiation was used to excite the cobalt atoms in the crystals of d- and l-2[Co en3]Cl3·NaCl·6H2O. The effects of the anomalous dispersion were observed by single crystal oscillation photographs as well as Laue photographs. A brief description of the principle of the method and the experimental procedure is included.
Fluorometric Determination of Thallium with Rhodamine B
Authors: Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method is presented for the fluorometric determination of traces of thallium. Except for the step of fluorometry, the procedure is essentially the same as previously described for the absorptiometry. A synthetic mafic rock was analyzed for thallium by the method which involves hydrofluoric acid decomposition of the sample, dithizone extraction, rhodamine B-benzene extraction, and the measurement of fluorescence intensity on the benzene extract.
The Leakage Method and the Sandwich Type Zisman Method for Measurements of Contact Potential Differences between two Metals Immersed in Poorly Conductive Dielectric Liquids
Authors: Tanaka Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the purpose of measuring the C.P.D.between two metals immersed in poorly conductive dielectric liquids, two methods were presented in this report. One is the leakage method, which appears to resemble the ionization method but is different in one point; because in this leakage method we make use of the small electrical conductivity inherent in the liquid. It is another merit of this method that the measurement can be carried out without vibrating the electrode. When the liquid and the electrodes are properly chosen this leakage method may be applied to various purposes. The other is the sandwich type Zisman method, which is an excellent device of improvement of the vibrating electrode method in dielectric liquids. On the comparison of the measured values by the two methods, satisfactory agreements were obtained.
Of course, there is only limited knowledge at the present time on the nature of the electrical potentials observed in these dielectric liquids, yet the author ventures to say that the use of the term, “contact potential difference”, is most suitable in the case of these experiments.
Stoichiometric Investigations of the Liquid State. V. Vaporization Phenomenon of Associated Liquids
Authors: Tyuzyo Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Energy of vaporization of n-paraffin is discussed. It is shown that relation between ΔEvap at the boiling point and Evis is different from that of Eyring et al..
2) A new method for calculating the degree of association of the first kind from energy of vaporization is proposed. The degree of association calculated by this method is quite consistent with the　result of the previous paper and the value from literature.
3) A new method for calculating the energy of hydrogen bond is proposed. Energy of hydrogen bond obtained by this method is fairly consistent with the value from literature.
4) Considering all results, it can be concluded that the associated body of the first kind shows analogous behavior to n-paraffin.
The Composition of Strong Phosphoric Acids
Authors: Ohashi Shigeru , Sugatani Hiroko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The strong phosphoric acids in the range from 67 to 80 wt. % phosphorus (V) oxide were analyzed by the anion-exchange chromatography combined with the usual molybdenum-blue colorimetry. The so-called “ 300°C-strong phosphoric acid” which has been used for many analytical purposes in the authors’ laboratory is composed of 44.4 wt. % orthophosphoric acid, 39.8 wt. % pyrophosphoric acid, 12.3 wt. % tripolyphosphoric acid, and 3.6 wt. % tetrapolyphosphoric acid. It was found that the relation of mole fractions of middle PO4 units, end PO4 units, orthophosphoric acid units, and unreacted water molecule units versus the mole ratio H2O/ P2O5 agrees with the reorganization theory for the strong phosphoric acids, presented by Parks and Van Wazer.
Polarographic Studies of Metallic Complexes. I. Oxalato-ammine, Glycinato-ammine and Ethylenediamine-ammine Series of Cobalt (III) Complexes
Authors: Maki Nobufumi , Shimura Yoichi , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ions [Co oxn(NH3)6−n](2l−3)−, [Co glyn(NH3)6−n](3−l)+,[Co enn(NH3)6−n]3+, [Co en2 gly]2+ and [Co en2 ox] + were all reduced irreversibly in two steps at the dropping mercury electrode.
The first diffusion current corresponds to the reduction, CoIII→CoII and the second to the reduction, CoII→Co0. The diffusion current and the concentration were linearly related.
The half wave potential of the first wave of the cobalt (III) complexes shifts to negative direction in the following order of the ligands: ox2−, gly−, NH3, en.
Studies on Serine Peptides. III. Synthesis of l-Seryl- l-Histidine, l-Seryl-l-Histidyl-l-Leucine and Carbobenzyloxy-Glycyl-O-Benzyl-Dl- Serine Ethyl Ester
Authors: Okawa Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
l-Seryl-l-histidine and l-seryl-l-histidyl-l-leucine have been synthesized in good yields by Sheehan’s dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method. In the removal of protecting groups of O-Bz-serine derivatives by Ben-Ishai’s method, dioxane must be used as the solvent in place of glacial acetic acid. O-Bz-l- and Dl-serine ester was synthesized the mild esterification condition.
Benzylation of Allylbenzene. Formation of 3,4-Diphenyl-1-butene and 3-Benzyl-3,4-diphenyl-1-butene
Authors: Ando Teisuke , Tokura Niichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When allylbenzene was treated with the same moles of sodium amide and benzyl chloride in liquid ammonia, one or two benzyl radicals were introduced into allylbenzene to produce 3,4-diphenyl-1-butene and 3-benzyl-1-butene.
The reaction is similar to the well-known reaction of benzyl cyanide and benzyl chloride in liquid ammonia and that of 2-phenyl-1-ethanol and benzyl chloride in benzene.
Two forms of 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid were isolated and their I. R. spectra were measured. Different curves were obtained in KBr disks, while the identical curves were obtained carbon tetrachloride solution.
Infrared absorption spectra were measured by Professor Kinumaki and his associates of this Institute and the elementary analyses were performed in the laboratory of Shionogi and Company, Ltd., to whom the writers are deeply indebted.
Ring Cleavage in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide. I. Cleavage of Cyclic 1,2-Diketone Monoximes
Authors: Murakami Daisaburo , Tokura Niichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1,2-Diktone monoximes were subjected to treatment with thionyl chloride in liquid sulfur dioxide to obtain cyano carboxylic acids in good yields.
Phase Transition of Li2O–Fe2O3 System. I. Thermal and Electric Properties of Lithium Ferrite LiFeO2
Authors: Kato Eizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The measurements of differential thermal analysis, thermal expansion and d.c. electric resistance for lithium ferrite were performed in relation to the orderdisorder transition. Conclusions are described as follows;
(1) The endothermic reaction and the anomalous expantion take place during the transition.
(2) The value of the transition temperature is determined as 660±2°C. by means of dilatometry.
(3) The existence of electrolytic conduction is qualitatively recognized.
(4) It is verified that the transition is very sluggish.
Phase Transition of Li2O–Fe2O3 System. II. Thermal and Electric Properties of Lithium Ferrospinel LiFe5O8
Authors: Kato Eizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The measurements of differential thermal analysis, thermal expansion and d. c. electric resistance for lithium ferrospinel were performed ; the results were discussed in relation to these for the lithium ferrite. Conclusions are as follows;
(1) Anomalous changes in the thermal and the electric properties take place during the transition and the hysteresis loops are observed.
(2) The transition temperature for LiFe5.86.O8, 745±1°C., is obtained from both thermal and electric measurements. The true transition temperature is determined to be 750±1°C. for the stoichiometric specimen.
(3) It is verified that the transition velocity is more rapid than that of lithium ferrite.
(4) The thermal properties change at the magnetic Curie point, ca. 635°C.
Diamagnetism of Azeotropic Binary Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Venkateswarlu K , Sriraman S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An exhaustive study of the diamagnetic susceptibilities of the two types of azeotropic binary mixtures has been made with a view to find out any correlation between the magnetic data and the azeotropic behavior of the mixtures. The results obtained in the case of seventeen mixtures show that in almost all the cases additive law is obeyed even at the azeotropic concentrations. The small deviation from additivity observed in the case of ethanol-ethyl acetate mixture is explained on the basis of the formation of hydrogen The bonds. The magnetic data are not affected by the azeotropic nature of the mixtures.
Activation Analysis of Manganese in Ferromanganese Alloy Using Radium-Beryllium Neutron Source
Authors: Kusaka Yuzuru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method was developed to determine macro-amounts of manganese in ferromanganese by radioactivation, using 50 mg. radium - beryllium as thermal neutron source. By activation of a sample (6 g.) for 18 hours and directly counting the activity with an end-window G. M. counter, the induced radioactivity was found to be entirely due to the 154.8 min. 56Mn radioisotope. The amount of radioactivity was approximately proportional to the manganese content, but with samples of higher manganese content the self-shadowing phenomenon was recognized. By this method, it was possible to determine the manganese content in ferromanganese with a mean error of 2.5% without chemical procedures.
On the Mechanism of the Coalescence of Drops at an Oil-Water Interface
Authors: Watanabe Takehiko , Kusui Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stability or persistency of drops at an oil-water interface in the presence of emulsifier has been studied. The behavior of drops at an oil-water interface has been observed using colored drops to interpret the process of the coalescence.
A mechanism, which explains the coalescence of drops at an oil-water interface more reasonably, was proposed as follows: the main process of the coalescence of drops at an oil-water interface is the formation of a defect in the emulsifier layer around the drops at the portion in contact with the plane interface.
The stability or persistency of emulsions may be estimated qualitatively by the values of T obtained in the present investigations.
Studies on Sarkomycin–Optically Active 2-Methylenecyclopentanone-3-carboxylic Acids
Authors: Toki Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
d- and l-2-Methylenecyclopentanone-3-carboxylic acid were synthesized starting from optically active cyclopentanone-3-carboxylic acid obtained by resolution of the racemic acid with brucine, and both d- and l-isomer, thus obtained, showed the same infrared absorption as natural sarkomycin (Hooper).
Benzylation of Acetylene. II. On the Structure and Oxidation of 3-Benzyl-3,4-diphenyl-1-Butyne
Authors: Ando Teisuke , Tokura Niichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The equimolar reaction between benzyl chloride and sodium acetylide in liquid ammonia resulted in the formation of 3-benzyl-3,4-diphenyl-1-butyne in addition to 3,4-diphenyl-1-butyne and 3,4-diphenyl-1,2-butadiene. This compound resisted various oxidative reagents except potassium permanganate. 2-Benzyl-2,3-diphenylpropionic acid was obtained in two polymorphs.
Determination of Small Quantities of Acetone in Methyl Methacrylate Monomer
Authors: Takayama Yuzi , Tokiwa Fumikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The method described here is based on the utilization of the iodoform reaction. The essential point of this method consists in the complete shaking of the methyl methacrylate monomer with sodium hypoiodate solution. The methyl methacrylate monomer is water-insoluble and iodoform reaction proceeds in an aqueous medium. As a result, it was confirmed that methyl methacrylate monomer does not affect this reaction substantially and one ml. sample makes it possible to determine small quantities (0.001%) of acetone in the sample monomer. This method is more sensitive than the hydroxylamine hydrochloride method previously used.
Dielectric Properties of Starch. II. High Frequency Loss Process
Authors: Ono Sôzaburo , Kuge Takashi , Koizumi Naokazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dielectric measurements have been made on α- and β-modification of potato starch containing 0.0–17.7% sorbed water in the frequency range from 2kc. to 3 me. and temperature range from room temperature to −70°C. The dielectric relaxation process found has been attributed to the hindered rotation of the hydroxyl groups of starch and sorbed water. The heat of activation for this process is about 11 kcal./mole as a mean. The free energy of activation and the mean relaxation time of this process are lowered as the sorbed water is increased. The variation of the dielectric loss curve with the sorbed water has been discussed. Both modifications show similar dielectric behavior qualitatively, except in the case of the temperature dependence of ε″max value. The variation of the ε″max value with temperature for β-modification suggests that the arrangement of the hydroxyl group would be considerably well-ordered in the micell of starch granule.
Isolation of Agarobiose Derivative from the Mucilage of Gloiopeltis Furcata
Authors: Hirase Susumu , Araki Choji , Ito Toshiya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The mucilage of Gloiopeltis furcata has been subjected to partial methanolysis, which resulted in the isolation of methyl d-galactoside, 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose dimethylacetal, methyl d-xyloside and agarobiose dimethylacetal.
2. Since the agarobiose derivative was obtained in a good yield, it has been concluded that the disaccharide represents the chief repeating unit of the mucilage molecule, if the sulfate residues present in the mucilage are left out of consideration.
3. Xylose has been identified for the first place so far as the Gloiopeltis mucilage is concerned. But the yield was so low that the sugar might be possibly derived from a contaminating xylan.
Studies on Explosive Reaction of Ethylene Mixed with Oxygen or Air. I. Explosion Limit at Low Pressure
Authors: Suga Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The explosion limit of ethylene mixed with oxygen or air was determined at lower pressure than atomospheric pressure by the statical constant volume method known as the “admission method”. Isochors, isotherms and isobars of the explosion limit have been shown. The colors of ignition flames change in the order of blue, yellow and blue with the decrease in the percentage of ethylene. In addition, the explosion peninsula was recognized at a definite condition in the mixture range 2.5∼30% ethylene in oxygen. The results of ethylene wiyh oxygen and ethylene with air were equivalent to each other, so far as the partial pressure of nitrogen was neglected. Induction periods were also taken into consideration and the apparent activation energy was estimated to be about 30 kcal./mol.
Polymerization of Olefins with Trialkylboron Catalysts. II. Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Ashikari Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Styrene was polymerized with tri-iso-propylboron and tri-iso-butylboron prepared by the reaction of Grignard reagents and borontrifluorides. In regard to the rate of polymerization in bulk- and emulsion system, that in the latter was much larger than that in the former. Moreover, in the emulsion system, a very highly polymerized product was easily obtained.
Some properties of the polymer prepared with tri-iso-propylboron were studied in comparison with ordinary polymer. The solubility in methyl-ethyl-ketone and the infrared spectrum closely resembled those of ordinary polymers. On the X-ray diffraction pattern, a little difference was observed. But, it is not evident whether the crystalline structure exists or not.
Ring Enlargement of Croconic Acid
Authors: Yamada Kiyoyuki , Hirata Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of croconic acid with diazomethane gives instead of its simple methylated product, a compound with an enlarged ring. Trimethoxy-p-benzoquinone was synthesized from pyrogallol, and was identified with the compound obtained from croconic acid.
The Synthesis of Carvone from α-Terpinyl Acetate
Authors: Suga Takayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Oxidation of dl-α-terpineol with tert-butyl chromate yeilded 8-hydroxypiperitone, which has not previously been described, 8-hydroxycarvotanacetone and homoterpenyl methyl ketone. In this case the oxidative fission of the double bond in the ring took place to a remarkable extent.
(2) Oxidation of dl-α-terpinyl acetate with tert-butyl chromate gave 8-acetoxypiperitone, 8-acetoxycarvotanacetone, (neither have previously been described) and homoterpenyl methyl ketone. In this oxidation the cleavage of the ethylenic linkage was suppressed, and the yield of 8-acetoxycarvotanacetone was relatively good.
Moreover, the effects of the solvent, acetic acid, benzoyl peroxide, air and the reaction temperature, on the yield of 8-acetoxycarvotanacetone wre investigated.
(3) 8-acetoxycarvotanacetone was converted into dl-carvone when acetic acid was eliminated by pyrolysis.
(4) The synthesis of carvone from α-terpinyl acetate was attiained through the intermeidate of 8-acetoxycarvotanacetone The overall of carvone from α-terpinyl acetate was 28% mole%.
Refining of Low Temperature Cresol No. 1
Authors: Yamada Keisho 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Low temperature cresol No. 1 has an offensive smell, and its spontaneous coloration is remarkable. It was treated with an oxidizing agent and active clay for the purpose of refining, and then washed with sodium bicarbonate solution in order to remove carboxylic acids which give a strong peculiar smell. Refined cresol which has no more offensive smell and shows a little spontaneous coloration, was obtained.
The impurities in the low temperature cresol No. 1 and in the refined cresol were measured, and it was found that in the refined cresol every impurity was decreased; especially unsaturated carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds and basic oil were diminished. In the strong acid oil were detected, propionic, iso-butyric, n-butyric, iso-valeric, n-valeric acids and catechol, in the weak acid oil, p-cresol, 2,4- and 2,5-dimethylphenols, in the neutral oil, n-propyl methyl ketone, mesityl oxide, n-amyl methyl ketone, iso-butyl methyl ketone, o-hydroxybenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 4-methylcyclohexanone, acetophenone, p-xylene, mesitylene and naphthalene and in the basic oil, 2-, 3-, 4-methylpyridines, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-dimethylpyridines, 4-ethylpyridine and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, respectively.
Sulfur compounds were measured in accordance with chemical forms, and it was found that free sulfur and mercaptans are contained as the predominant components, and alkyl disulfides as the next; a little hydrogen sulfide, alkyl sulfides and thiophenes are also present.
Coal tar contains many components, and two hundred and eighty-two, or three hundred and ninety-four components have already been reported in the literature of the subject.
But n-propyl methyl ketone, mesityl oxide, n-amyl methyl ketone, iso-butyl methyl ketone, o-hydroxybenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde and 4-methylcyclohexanone, that have been identified in this study, are not found in literature. Among those substances listed above, many have strong peculiar smell, and exhibit spontaneous coloration.
The refined cresol, which was treated with the oxidizing agent, active clay and sodium bicarbonate solution, scarcely has any offensive smell and exhibits only a slight spontaneous coloration. Measurement of the impurities in the refined cresol shows that almost all the above mentioned substances have been removed. Thus it is concluded that an offensive smell and spontaneous coloration of the low temperature cresol No. 1 arise, at least partially, from these substances.