bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polylactide/nano and microscale silica composite films. I. Preparation and characterization
Authors: Huang Jiann‐Wen , Chang Hung Yung , Wen Ya‐Lan , Kang Chiun‐Chia , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPolylactide (PLA)/silica composite films were prepared by two methods: blending nanoscale colloidal silica sol and sol–gel. The nano and microscale silica particles, respectively, were well dispersed in PLA when observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope. The mechanical and thermal stability of composite films were measured before and after hydrolysis by Instron and thermogravimetric analysis. The fillers increase tensile strength, Young's modulus, thermal stability, and hydrolysis resistance with increasing silica content. The nanoscale particles exhibit better effects than the microscale ones. The activation energy, Ea, of thermal decomposition is also simulated by the Kissinger and Ozawa equation. The results also show that the thermal stability is increased by the incorporation of silica particles and is lowered by hydrolysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Information use and early warning effectiveness: Perspectives and prospects
Authors: Choo Chun Wei 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis introductory article explores how the use of information affects the effectiveness of early warning systems. By effectiveness, we refer to the capacity of the system to detect and decide on the existence of a threat. There are two aspects to effectiveness: (a) being able to see the evidence that is indicative of a threat and (b) making the decision, based on the weight of the evidence, to warn that the threat exists. In early warning, information use is encumbered by cues that are fallible and equivocal. Cues that are true indicators of a threat are obscured in a cloud of events generated by chance. Moreover, policy makers face the difficult decision of whether to issue a warning based on the information received. Because the information is rarely complete or conclusive, such decisions have to consider the consequences of failing to warn or giving a false warning. We draw on sociocognitive theories of perception and judgment to analyze these two aspects of early warning:detection accuracy(How well does perception correspond to reality?) anddecision sensitivity(How much evidence is needed to activate warning?) Using cognitive continuum theory, we examine how detection accuracy depends on the fit between theinformation needs profileof the threat and theinformation use environmentof the warning system. Applying signal detection theory, we investigate how decision sensitivity depends on the assessment and balancing of therisks of misses and false alarmsinherent in all early warning decision making.
Chromosome segment duplications in Neurospora crassa: barren crosses beget fertile science
Authors: Singh Parmit K. , Iyer Srividhya V. , Ramakrishnan Mukund , Kasbekar Durgadas P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractStudies on Neurospora chromosome segment duplications (Dps) performed since the publication of Perkins's comprehensive review in 1997 form the focus of this article. We present a brief summary of Perkins's seminal work on chromosome rearrangements, specifically, the identification of insertional and quasiterminal translocations that can segregate Dp progeny when crossed with normal sequence strains (i.e., T × N). We describe the genome defense process called meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA that renders Dp‐heterozygous crosses (i.e., Dp × N) barren, which provides a basis for identifying Dps, and discuss whether other processes also might contribute to the barren phenotype of Dp × N and Dp × Dp crosses. We then turn to studies suggesting that large Dps (i.e., >300 kbp) can allow smaller gene‐sized duplications to escape another genome defense process called repeat‐induced point mutation (RIP), possibly by titration of the RIP machinery. Finally, we assess whether in natural populations dominant RIP suppressor Dps provide an “RIP‐free” niche for evolution of new genes following the duplication of existing genes.
On the diabetic menu: Zebrafish as a model for pancreas development and function
Authors: Kinkel Mary D. , Prince Victoria E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDevelopment of the vertebrate pancreas is a complex stepwise process comprising regionalization, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis. Studies in zebrafish are contributing to an emerging picture of pancreas development in which extrinsic signaling molecules influence intrinsic transcriptional programs to allow ultimate differentiation of specific pancreatic cell types. Zebrafish experiments have revealed roles for several signaling molecules in aspects of this process; for example our own work has shown that retinoic acid signals specify the pre‐pancreatic endoderm. Time‐lapse imaging of live zebrafish embryos has started to provide detailed information about early pancreas morphogenesis. In addition to modeling embryonic development, the zebrafish has recently been used as a model for pancreas regeneration studies. Here, we review the significant progress in these areas and consider the future potential of zebrafish as a diabetes research model.
Sudden infant death syndrome and serotonin: animal models
Authors: Nattie Eugene 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexpected death of an infant that is not explained by autopsy, death scene examination, and history. The etiology is unknown. Recent postmortem studies have discovered abnormalities in brainstem serotonergic neurons, but how these translate into dysfunction and cause SIDS is uncertain. Recently, lethal effects in transgenic mice with overexpression of the serotonin 1A autoreceptor have been described. Many die spontaneously between postnatal day 40 (P40) and P80, and some spontaneously exhibit bradycardias and drops in body temperature. The severity of the autonomic dysfunction and its age dependence suggest relevance to SIDS. However, SIDS cases have decreased serotonin 1A autoreceptor binding, which is opposite to its overexpression in the mice, and the peak incidence of SIDS is between 2 and 6 months of age, which is arguably younger (in relative terms) than the ages at which the mice die. Nevertheless, the description of an animal model with serotonin defects that has autonomic dysfunction and spontaneous mortality at a young age is an exciting finding of possible importance for understanding SIDS.
Genomic analysis of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells: routes to reprogramming
Authors: Kanawaty Ashlin , Henderson Jeffrey 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe phenomenal proliferation of scientific studies into the nature of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells following publication of the findings of Takahashi and Yamanaka little more than 2 years ago, have significantly expanded our understanding of cellular mechanisms relating to cell lineage, differentiation, and proliferation. While the full potential of iPS cell lineages for both scientific tool and therapeutic applications is as yet unclear, findings from several lines of investigation suggests that multipotential and terminally differentiated cells from an array of cell types are competent to undergo epigenetic reprogramming to a pluripotential state. The nature of this pluripotential state appears to be similar to, but not identical with that previously described for embryonic stem (ES) cells. Understanding the nature of this induced reprogrammed state will be critical to determining the full potential of iPS cells. Recently, this issue has been examined through an integrated analysis of the genome in fully and partially reprogrammed iPS cell lineages. These results provide a window onto the temporal components of reprogramming and suggest mechanisms by which the efficacy of reprogramming can be enhanced.
Directed self‐immobilization of alkaline phosphatase on micro‐patterned substrates via genetically fused metal‐binding peptide
Authors: Kacar Turgay , Zin Melvin T. , So Christopher , Wilson Brandon , Ma Hong , Gul‐Karaguler Nevin , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Sarikaya Mehmet , Tamerler Candan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCurrent biotechnological applications such as biosensors, protein arrays, and microchips require oriented immobilization of enzymes. The characteristics of recognition, self‐assembly and ease of genetic manipulation make inorganic binding peptides an ideal molecular tool for site‐specific enzyme immobilization. Herein, we demonstrate the utilization of gold binding peptide (GBP1) as a molecular linker genetically fused to alkaline phosphatase (AP) and immobilized on gold substrate. Multiple tandem repeats (n = 5, 6, 7, 9) of gold binding peptide were fused to N‐terminus of AP (nGBP1‐AP) and the enzymes were expressed in E. coli cells. The binding and enzymatic activities of the bi‐functional fusion constructs were analyzed using quartz crystal microbalance spectroscopy and biochemical assays. Among the multiple‐repeat constructs, 5GBP1‐AP displayed the best bi‐functional activity and, therefore, was chosen for self‐immobilization studies. Adsorption and assembly properties of the fusion enzyme, 5GBP1‐AP, were studied via surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrated self‐immobilization of the bi‐functional enzyme on micro‐patterned substrates where genetically linked 5GBP1‐AP displayed higher enzymatic activity per area compared to that of AP. Our results demonstrate the promising use of inorganic binding peptides as site‐specific molecular linkers for oriented enzyme immobilization with retained activity. Directed assembly of proteins on solids using genetically fused specific inorganic‐binding peptides has a potential utility in a wide range of biosensing and bioconversion processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 696–705. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibitory effects of a manganese superoxide dismutase isolated from garlic (Allium sativumL.) on in vitro tumoral cell growth
Authors: Sfaxi Imen Hadji , Ferraro Daniela , Fasano Elena , Pani Giovambattista , Limam Ferid , Marzouki M. Nejib 
Published: February 2009

AbstractReactive oxygen species are implicated in cancer development and antioxidants in general and superoxide dismutases and superoxide dismutase mimetic in particular, and they inhibit malignant transformation. We examinate the effects of an isolated manganese superoxide dismutase from a medicinal plantAllium sativum. The protein was prepared by a serial of chromatographic techniques: gel filtration and diethylaminoethyl ions exchanger. The enzyme has a specific activity equal to 55 U/mg. Two tumoral cell lines, porcine endothelial cells and mouse melanoma cells were exposed to garlic superoxide dismutase. The exogenous manganese superoxide dismutase is able to modify the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species by eliminating superoxide anion and producing hydrogen peroxide. The cell viability of the two lines was not significantly affected but the cell multiplication was arrested. This effect obtained in the presence of manganese superoxide dismutase correlates with the activation and modulation of phospho‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinases proteins, implicated in the control of several biological processes including cell proliferation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Interactive animation of virtual humans based on motion capture data
Authors: Multon Franck , Kulpa Richard , Hoyet Ludovic , Komura Taku 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a novel, parameteric framework for synthesizing new character motions from existing motion capture data. Our framework can conduct morphological adaptation as well as kinematic and physically‐based corrections. All these solvers are organized in layers in order to be easily combined together. Given locomotion as an example, the system automatically adapts the motion data to the size of the synthetic figure and to its environment; the character will correctly step over complex ground shapes and counteract with external forces applied to the body. Our framework is based on a frame‐based solver. This ensures animating hundreds of humanoids with different morphologies in real‐time. It is particularly suitable for interactive applications such as video games and virtual reality where a user interacts in an unpredictable way. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to Vinyl Sulfones and Vinyl Phosphonates as Challenging Michael Acceptors
Authors: Sulzer‐Mossé Sarah , Alexakis Alexandre , Mareda Jiri , Bollot Guillaume , Bernardinelli Gerald , Filinchuk Yaroslav 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChiral framework: Chiral amines with pyrrolidine frameworks catalyze the enantioselective conjugate addition of a wide range of aldehydes to various vinyl sulfones and vinyl phosphonates in high yields and with enantioselectivities up to >99 % ee (see scheme). The high versatility of the Michael adducts is exemplified by various functionalizations with conservation of the optical purity.magnified imageChiral amines with a pyrrolidine framework catalyze the enantioselective conjugate addition of a broad range of aldehydes to various vinyl sulfones and vinyl phosphonates in high yields and with enantioselectivities up to >99 % ee. This novel process provides synthetically useful chiral γ‐gem‐sulfonyl or phosphonyl aldehydes which can be widely functionalized with retention of the enantiomeric excess. Mechanistic insights including DFT calculations are explored in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Topotactic Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties of a New Hexagonal Polytype of Silver Cobaltate(III) AgCoO2+δ.
Authors: Muguerra Herve , Colin Claire , Anne Michel , Julien Marc‐Henri , Strobel Pierre 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sr4AlNbO8: A New Crystal Structure Type Determined from Powder X‐Ray Data.
Authors: Lee Eungje , Hong Seung‐Tae 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Aurivillius Material Bi2Sr2Nb2.5Fe0.5O12.
Authors: McCabe E. E. , Greaves C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Routhierite, Tl(Cu,Ag)(Hg,Zn)2(As,Sb)2S6.
Authors: Bindi Luca 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparison of the Magnetic Structures of KMn4(PO4)3 and KCo4(PO4)3 Based on the Connectivity of the Coordination Polyhedra.
Authors: Lopez Maria Luisa , Daidouh Abdelaali , Pico Carlos , Rodriguez‐Carvajal Juan , Veiga Maria Luisa 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of the Zintl Phase Ba3Cd2Sb4.
Authors: Saparov Bayrammurad , Xia Sheng‐qing , Bobev Svilen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of KSc(HPO4)2.
Authors: Menezes Prashanth W. , Hoffmann Stefan , Prots Yurii , Kniep Ruediger 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Aqueous Metathesis Reaction Yields New Lanthanide Monothiophosphates.
Authors: Takas Nathan J. , Slomka Lauren E. , Yang Xiaocheng , Giles Nancy , Aitken Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structures and Magnetic Properties of the New Vanadates AgMnVO4 and RbMnVO4.
Authors: Yahia Hamdi Ben , Gaudin Etienne , Darriet Jacques 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronically Varied Quinazolinaps for Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Maxwell Aoife C. , Franc Celine , Pouchain Laurent , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Guiry Patrick J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Metallo‐ene Reaction Using Monodentate Phosphines, 9‐PBN and 9‐NapBN.
Authors: Hara Osamu , Fujino Hiroshi , Mikano Kazuishi , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dialkyltitanium‐Mediated Titanation of Conjugated 1,3‐Butadiynes and Its Coupling Reactions with Aldehydes: A Facile Synthesis of Stereodefined Enynes and trans‐Enynols.
Authors: Chen Jingjin , Liu Yuanhong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diene‐Transmissive Hetero‐Diels—Alder Cycloaddition Using Cross‐Conjugated Dioxatrienes: A Novel Synthesis of Tetrahydropyran‐Fused Aza‐ and Thia‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Saito Takao , Kobayashi Satoru , Otani Takashi , Iwanami Hideoki , Soda Takayuki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Elimination of Diethyldithiocarbamates and Application in the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Ferrugine.
Authors: Ahmed Shamim , Baker Luke A. , Grainger Richard S. , Innocenti Paolo , Quevedo Camilo E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl2‐Catalyzed Aminobromination of Alkenes Using Amides or Sulfonamides and NBS as the Nitrogen and Bromine Sources.
Authors: Wang Zhe , Zhang Yongming , Fu Hua , Jiang Yuyang , Zhao Yufen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl and Heteroaryl Tosylates at Room Temperature.
Authors: Ogata Tokutaro , Hartwig John F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Three‐Component Lewis Acid‐Free Approach for the Synthesis of Protected Racemic Cyanohydrins.
Authors: Kumaraswamy G. , Ankamma K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Desulfurization and Transformation of Isothiocyanates to Cyanamides by Using Sodium Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide.
Authors: Chen Chun‐Yen , Wong Fung Fuh , Huang Jiann‐Jyh , Lin Shao‐Kai , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active Ammonium‐Tagged Olefin‐Metathesis Catalyzed for Simplified Purification.
Authors: Kirschning Andreas , Gulajski Lukasz , Mennecke Klaas , Meyer Axel , Busch Torsten , Grela Karol 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.