bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined clinical variable and radiomics of post-treatment total body scan for prediction of successful I-131 ablation in low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma patients
Authors: Chantadisai Maythinee , Wongwijitsook Jirarot , Ritlumlert Napat , Rakvongthai Yothin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo explore the feasibility of combined radiomics of post-treatment I-131 total body scan (TBS) and clinical parameter to predict successful ablation in low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Data of low-risk PTC patients who underwent total/near total thyroidectomy and I-131 ablation 30 mCi between April 2015 and July 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical factors studied included age, sex, and pre-ablative serum thyroglobulin (Tg). Radiomic features were extracted via PyRadiomics, and radiomic feature selection was performed. The predictive performance for successful ablation of the clinical parameter, radiomic, and combined models (radiomics combined with clinical parameter) was calculated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). One hundred and thirty patients were included. Successful ablation was achieved in 77 patients (59.2%). The mean pre-ablative Tg in the unsuccessful group (15.50 ± 18.04 ng/ml) was statistically significantly higher than those in the successful ablation group (7.12 ± 7.15 ng/ml). The clinical parameter, radiomic, and combined models produced AUCs of 0.66, 0.77, and 0.87 in the training sets, and 0.65, 0.69, and 0.78 in the validation sets, respectively. The combined model produced a significantly higher AUC than that of the clinical parameter (p < 0.05). Radiomic analysis of the post-treatment TBS combined with pre-ablative serum Tg showed a significant improvement in the predictive performance of successful ablation in low-risk PTC patients compared to the use of clinical parameter alone.Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR identification number is TCTR20230816004 (https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20230816004).
The phase change in the annual cycle of sea surface temperature
Authors: Yang Fucheng , Wu Zhaohua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, many research efforts focused on global climate change, multidecadal, decadal, interannual variability, and the increasing extreme events of sea surface temperature. In contrast, the continuous evolution of the reference frame, the annual cycle of SST used to quantify the aforementioned variability and changes, has long been overlooked, resulting in difficulties in understanding the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for these variability and changes. In this study, we strive to bridge this gap on the phase changes in SST annual cycle. By devising a running correlation-based method, we can now quantify the non-sinusoidal shape of the evolving SST annual cycle, such as the advancing or delaying of summer and winter peaking times. It is revealed that the varying phases of summer or winter are more closely linked to multidecadal SST variability than to long-term climate change. Both the systematic shift of the phase and alterations in the annual cycle shape contribute to the phase changes, which explain 0.4~1.0 °C of monthly SST anomaly with respect to the climatological annual cycle in a multidecadal timescale. Furthermore, it is evident that the SST phases in historical simulations are better captured in winter than in summer and exhibit stronger variation compared with observation.
An ECG-based artificial intelligence model for assessment of sudden cardiac death risk
Authors: Holmstrom Lauri , Chugh Harpriya , Nakamura Kotoka , Bhanji Ziana , Seifer Madison , Uy-Evanado Audrey , Reinier Kyndaron , Ouyang David , Chugh Sumeet S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Conventional ECG-based algorithms could contribute to sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk stratification but demonstrate moderate predictive capabilities. Deep learning (DL) models use the entire digital signal and could potentially improve predictive power. We aimed to train and validate a 12 lead ECG-based DL algorithm for SCD risk assessment.

Methods

Out-of-hospital SCD cases were prospectively ascertained in the Portland, Oregon, metro area. A total of 1,827 pre- cardiac arrest 12 lead ECGs from 1,796 SCD cases were retrospectively collected and analyzed to develop an ECG-based DL model. External validation was performed in 714 ECGs from 714 SCD cases from Ventura County, CA. Two separate control group samples were obtained from 1342 ECGs taken from 1325 individuals of which at least 50% had established coronary artery disease. The DL model was compared with a previously validated conventional 6 variable ECG risk model.

Results

The DL model achieves an AUROC of 0.889 (95% CI 0.861–0.917) for the detection of SCD cases vs. controls in the internal held-out test dataset, and is successfully validated in external SCD cases with an AUROC of 0.820 (0.794–0.847). The DL model performs significantly better than the conventional ECG model that achieves an AUROC of 0.712 (0.668–0.756) in the internal and 0.743 (0.711–0.775) in the external cohort.

Conclusions

An ECG-based DL model distinguishes SCD cases from controls with improved accuracy and performs better than a conventional ECG risk model. Further detailed investigation is warranted to evaluate how the DL model could contribute to improved SCD risk stratification.
Enhanced STAT3/PIK3R1/mTOR signaling triggers tubular cell inflammation and apoptosis in septic-induced acute kidney injury: implications for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Fu Ying , Xiang Yu , Zha Jie , Chen Guochun , Dong Zheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe form of renal dysfunction associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying septic AKI remain incompletely understood. Herein, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in septic AKI using the mouse models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In these models, renal inflammation and tubular cell apoptosis were accompanied by the aberrant activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways. Pharmacological inhibition of either mTOR or STAT3 significantly improved renal function and reduced apoptosis and inflammation. Interestingly, inhibition of STAT3 with pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering RNA blocked LPS-induced mTOR activation in renal tubular cells, indicating a role of STAT3 in mTOR activation. Moreover, knockdown of STAT3 reduced the expression of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1/p85α), a key subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase for AKT and mTOR activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay also proved the binding of STAT3 to PIK3R1 gene promoter in LPS-treated kidney tubular cells. In addition, knockdown of PIK3R1 suppressed mTOR activation during LPS treatment. These findings highlight the dysregulation of mTOR and STAT3 pathways as critical mechanisms underlying the inflammatory and apoptotic phenotypes observed in renal tubular cells during septic AKI, suggesting the STAT3/ PIK3R1/mTOR pathway as a therapeutic target of septic AKI.
The outskirts of M33: Tidally induced distortions versus signatures of gas accretion
Authors: Corbelli Edvige , Burkert Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Aims. We investigate a possible close encounter between M33 and M31 in the past to understand the role of galaxy-galaxy interactions in shaping the matter distribution in galaxy outskirts.
Methods. By examining a variety of initial conditions, we recovered possible orbital trajectories of M33, M31, and the Milky Way in the past, which are compatible with the Early Third Data Release of the Gaia mission and with mass estimates of Local Group spirals. Using test-particle simulations, we explored if the M33 warp and its dark satellite distribution have been induced by a past M33–M31 encounter along these orbits, after tuning mass losses and the dynamical friction term with the help of N-body numerical simulations.
Results. A close encounter of M33 and M31 in the past has a low but non-negligible probability. If the two galaxies had been closer in the past, their minimum distance would be of the order of 100 kpc or larger, and this happened earlier than 3 Gyr ago. During this encounter, 35–40% of the dark matter mass of M33 might have been removed from the halo due to tidal stripping. A detailed comparison of the results of test-particle simulations with the observed disk warp or with the spatial distribution of candidate dark satellites of M33 suggests that a closer passage of M33 around M31 cannot, however, be responsible for the observed morphological features. We suggest that more recent gas accretion events, possibly from a cosmic filament, might cause the misalignment of the outer disk of M33 after the rapid inner disk formation.
Underwater image enhancement by using amalgamation of colour correction, contrast-enhancing and dehazing
Authors: Dua Mohit , Nalawade Shubhankar , Dua Shelza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Underwater images can be captured either with the help of light waves or sound waves. Images that are taken underwater typically are not of optimum quality as they suffer from issues such as low contrast, blurring of detail, colour distortion, and greenish tones. Several physical processes that take place in the aquatic environment, such as light absorption, refraction, and scattering, are responsible for the existence of such degradation in underwater images. To address these challenges, numerous researchers have put forth a range of cutting-edge techniques for enhancing and restoring such degraded underwater images, with the aim of addressing these issues. These techniques primarily focus on improving visibility and enhancing the level of detail. To achieve this, we propose a method that performs White Balancing in the LAB colour space to remove the bluish-greenish tones present in the image. Next, we enhance the contrast by first converting the RGB image into HSV and HLS colour spaces and then by using the S & V channels in HSV and L & S colour channels in HLS, we apply Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). To control the brightness of the enhanced image, we apply Gamma Correction. Lastly, by using the method Dark Channel Prior (DCP), we separate the image’s red channel from the RGB colour space and perform the dehazing operation to get the final enhanced image. We have conducted a comprehensive qualitative analysis of our proposed approach as well as existing techniques, evaluating them objectively and subjectively through metrics such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), root-mean-square error (RMSE), structural similarity (SSIM), and the underwater colour image quality evaluation metric (UCIQE) and underwater image quality measure (UIQM). Since our proposed approach uses traditional image processing methods, it is computationally less expensive and quicker as compared to deep learning or frequency domain-based methods. With this, it can be adapted for using in real-time applications such as underwater navigation, examination of the behavior of marine ecosystems and other scientific research.
A simplified Mølmer–Sørensen gate for the trapped ion quantum computer
Authors: Azuma Hiroo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We discuss how to simplify the Mølmer–Sørensen (MS) gate which is used for the trapped ion quantum computer. The original MS gate is implemented by illuminating two ions with bichromatic coherent light fields separately at the same time. In this paper, we propose a method for transforming a separable state of two ions into one of the Bell states by illuminating the two ions with monochromatic coherent light fields individually and this point is the advantage of our scheme over the original MS gate. The length of the execution time of our proposed gate is comparable to that of the original MS gate, however, numerical calculations show that our proposed gate is weakly sensitive to thermal fluctuations of the phonons. By giving another example of a simple two-ion gate that can generate entanglement but is strongly vulnerable to thermal fluctuations, we show that our simplified MS gate is more marked than usual.
Using Software Mitigation Schemes to improve the availability of IoT applications in harsh radiation environment
Authors: Zimmaro A. , Ferraro R. , Boch J. , Saigne F. , Masi A. , Danzeca S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The integration of IoT infrastructure in the context of particle accelerators promises numerous benefits (reduced costs and maintenance time, increased deployment). However, the use of microcontroller units (MCUs), typical of IoT systems, can potentially compromise future accelerator availability performances. This paper presents Software Mitigation Schemes (SMS) designed to improve the availability performance of MCU-based systems under radiation. Their effectiveness is demonstrated through a radiation test on a CERN Wireless IoT Radiation Monitoring system, also called BatMon. The results underline the IoT devices' feasibility as a viable solution for high-distribution systems in the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) or Future Circular Collider (FCC).
A demonstrator for a real-time AI-FPGA-based triggering system for sPHENIX at RHIC
Authors: Kvapil J. , Borca-Tasciuc G. , Bossi H. , Chen K. , Chen Y. , Corrales Morales Y. , Da Costa H. , Da Silva C. , Dean C. , Durham J. , Fu S. , Hao C. , Harris P. , Hen O. , Jheng H. , Lee Y. , Li P. , Li X. , Lin Y. , Liu M.X. , Olvera A. , Purschke M.L. , Rigatti M. , Roland G. , Schambach J. , Shi Z. , Tran N. , Wuerfel N. , Xu B. , Yu D. , Zhang H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The RHIC interaction rate at sPHENIX will reach around 3 MHz in pp collisions and requires the detector readout to reject events by a factor of over 200 to fit the DAQ bandwidth of 15 kHz. Some critical measurements, such as heavy flavor production in pp collisions, often require the analysis of particles produced at low momentum. This prohibits adopting the traditional approach, where data rates are reduced through triggering on rare high momentum probes. We explore a new approach based on real-time AI technology, adopt an FPGA-based implementation using a custom designed FELIX-712 board with the Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale FPGA, and deploy the system in the detector readout electronics loop for real-time trigger decision.
Semiconductor photocathode's charge in a high gradient RF photoinjector
Authors: Vladimirov Mikhail V. , Polozov Sergey M. , Rashchikov Vladimir I. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a model describing a semiconductor photocathode's charge dynamics under an external influence in RF photoinjector is being developed. The drift-diffusion problem for conduction electrons in semiconductor layer of a photocathode is formulated and subsequently solved. The charge of the semiconductor photocathode is derived and shortly discussed. Data obtained from the model is of qualitative consistency with that derived by Krasilnikov et al. for PITZ photogun.
Riptide: a proton-recoil track imaging detector for fast neutrons
Authors: Pisanti C. , Berardi A. , Console Camprini P. , Giacomini F. , Massimi C. , Mengarelli A. , Musumarra A. , Pellegriti M.G. , Ridolfi R. , Spighi R. , Terranova N. , Villa M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Riptide is a detector concept aiming to track fast neutrons. It is based on
neutron-proton elastic collisions inside a plastic scintillator, where the neutron momentum can
be measured by imaging the scintillation light. More specifically, by stereoscopically imaging the
recoil proton tracks, the proposed apparatus provides neutron spectrometry capability and enable
the online analysis of the specific energy loss along the track. In principle, the spatial and
topological event reconstruction enables particle discrimination, which is a crucial property for
neutron detectors. In this contribution, we report the advances on the Riptide detector
concept. In particular, we have developed a Geant4 optical simulation to demonstrate the
possibility of reconstructing with sufficient precision the tracks and the vertices of neutron
interactions inside a plastic scintillator. To realistically model the optics of the scintillation
detector, mono-energetic protons were generated inside a 6 × 6 × 6 cm3 cubic BC-408
scintillator, and the produced optical photons were propagated and then recorded on a scoring
plane corresponding to the surfaces of the cube. The photons were then transported through an
optical system to a 2 × 2 cm2 photo sensitive area with 1 Megapixel. Moreover, we have
developed two different analysis procedures to reconstruct 3D tracks: one based on data fitting
and one on Principal Component Analysis. The main results of this study will be presented with a
particular focus on the role of the optical system and the attainable spatial and energy
resolution.
Evaluating the RFSoC as a Software-Defined Radio readout system for Magnetic Microcalorimeters
Authors: Gartmann R. , Muscheid T. , Garcia Redondo M.E. , Fuchs M. , Ardila-Perez L.E. , Sander O. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Arrays of superconducting sensors enable particle spectrum analysis with superior energy resolution. To efficiently acquire data from frequency multiplexed sensors, the readout electronics operating at room temperature must perform multiple tasks, such as low-noise probe tone generation, frequency demodulation, and data decimation. We designed a Software-Defined Radio (SDR) system composed of an MPSoC board, an analogue-digital conversion stage, and a radio frequency front-end mixing stage to meet the system requirements of 4 GHz instantaneous bandwidth and real-time data analysis. Nevertheless, utilising a Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) could simplify the overall system by integrating the conversion stage. This work investigates the applicability of RFSoCs for the aforementioned use case.
Investigating the slow component of the infrared scintillation time response in gaseous xenon
Authors: Hammann R. , Böse K. , Hötzsch L. , Jörg F. , Marrodán Undagoitia T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Xenon is the target material of choice in several rare event searches. The use of
infrared (IR) scintillation light, in addition to the commonly used vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)
light, could increase the sensitivity of these experiments. Understanding the IR scintillation
response of xenon is essential in assessing the potential for improvement. This study focuses on
characterizing the time response and light yield (LY) of IR scintillation in gaseous xenon for
alpha particles at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. We have previously observed that
the time response can be described by two components: one with a fast time constant of
𝒪(ns) and one with a slow time constant of 𝒪(μ s).
This work presents new measurements that improve our understanding of the slow component. The
experimental setup was modified to allow for a measurement of the IR scintillation time response
with a ten times longer time window of about 3 μs, effectively mitigating the dominant
systematic uncertainty of the LY measurement. We find that the slow component at about
1 bar pressure can be described by a single exponential function with a decay time of about
850 ns. The LY is found to be (6347 ± 22stat ± 400syst) ph/MeV, consistent with our previous measurement. In
addition, a measurement with zero electric field along the alpha particle tracks was conducted to
rule out the possibility that the slow component is dominated by light emission from drifting
electrons or the recombination of electrons and ions.
Signal shapes in multiwire proportional chamber-based TPCs
Authors: Alme J. , Alt T. , Appelshäuser H. , Arslandok M. , Averbeck R. , Bartsch E. , Becht P. , Bratrud L. , Braun-Munzinger P. , Buesching H. , Caines H. , Christiansen P. , Costa F. , Frankenfeld U. , Gaardhøje J.J. , Garabatos C. , Glässel P. , Gunji T. , Hamagaki H. , Harris J.W. , Hellbär E. , Helstrup H. , Ivanov M. , Jung J. , Jung M. , Junique A. , Kalweit A. , Keidel R. , Kirsch S. , Kleiner M. , Kowalski M. , Krüger M. , Lippmann C. , Mager M. , Masciocchi S. , Matyja A. , Miśkowiec D. , Munzer R.H. , Musa L. , Nielsen B.S. , Otwinowski J. , Pikna M. , Rehman A. , Renfordt R. , Röhrich D. , Scheid H.S. , Schmidt C. , Schmidt H.R. , Schweda K. , Sekiguchi Y. , Silvermyr D. , Sitar B. , Stachel J. , Ullaland K. , Veenhof R. , Vislavicius V. , Wiechula J. , Windelband B. ,   The ALICE TPC collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A large-volume Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the main
tracking and particle identification (PID) detector of the ALICE
experiment at the CERN LHC. PID in the TPC is performed via
specific energy-loss measurements (dE/dx), which are derived
from the average pulse-height distribution of ionization generated
by charged-particle tracks traversing the TPC volume. During Runs 1
and 2, until 2018, the gas amplification stage was based on
multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC). Signals from the MWPC show
characteristic long negative tails after an initial positive peak
due to the long ion drift times in the MWPC amplification
region. This so-called ion tail can lead to a significant amplitude
loss in subsequently measured signals, especially in the
high-multiplicity environment of high-energy Pb-Pb collisions, which
results in a degradation of the dE/dx resolution. A detailed
study of the signal shapes measured with the ALICE TPC with the
Ne-CO2 (90-10) and Ar-CO2 (90-10) gas mixtures is presented,
and the results are compared with three-dimensional Garfield
simulations. The impact of the ion tail on the PID performance is
studied employing the ALICE simulation framework and the feasibility
of an offline correction procedure to account for the ion tail is
demonstrated.
Unveiling the benefits and gaps of wild pollinators on nutrition and income
Authors: Duarte Gabriela T , Schuster Richard , Mitchell Matthew G E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pollinators play a crucial role in global crop production, enhancing crop yields, nutritional value and fruit quality. However, their wild populations worldwide have been experiencing alarming declines. We investigated the contribution of wild pollinators to nutrition and farmer income in Canada, while examining the spatial distribution of pollination services. We used publicly available data on crop types, yields, nutrient content, and farm gate values, alongside information on natural habitats. Our findings suggest that wild pollinators in Canada help sustain the equivalent of approximately 24.4 million people each year in terms of nutrition and generate an annual income of nearly CAD$2.8 billion for farmers. To provide context, these estimates exceed half of the Canadian population and correspond to 5% of total national crop-related farm income. However, significant benefit gaps exist due to the lack of nearby pollinator habitat and insufficient pollination of dependent crops at a national scale. Addressing these gaps could potentially provide an additional nutrition supply for nearly 30 million equivalent people and increase farmer income by CAD$3 billion. We discuss how and where efforts focused on preserving and enhancing wild pollinator habitats, promoting sustainable farming practices, and raising awareness among stakeholders are crucial for the long-term viability of wild pollinator populations and the sustainability of agricultural systems in Canada. Our research underscores the urgent need for a national strategy aimed at safeguarding wild pollinators. Implementing such a strategy would not only contribute to strengthening local economies but also ensure the production of nutritionally essential food.