bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel coumarin-triazole hybrids and first evaluation of the 4-phenyl substituted hybrid loaded PLGA nanoparticles delivery system to the anticancer activity
Authors: Arvas Busra , Ucar Burcu , Acar Tayfun , Varli Hanife Sevgi , Arvas Melih Besir , Aydogan Feray , Yolacan Cigdem 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite the discovery of many chemotherapeutic drugs that prevent uncontrolled cell division processes in the last century, many studies are still being carried out to develop drugs with higher anticancer efficacy and lower level of side effects. Herein, we designed, synthesized, and characterized six novel coumarin-triazole hybrids, and evaluated for anticancer activity of the one with the highest potential against the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 and human cervical cancer cell line, human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa). Compound 21 which was the coumarin derivative including phenyl substituent with the lowest IC50 value displayed the highest cytotoxicity against the studied cancer cell line. Furthermore, the potential use of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) prepared by the emulsifying solvent evaporation method as a platform for a drug delivery system was studied on a selected coumarin derivative 21. This coumarin derivative-loaded PLGA NPs were produced with an average size of 225.90 ± 2.96 nm, −16.90 ± 0.85 mV zeta potential, and 4.12 ± 0.90% drug loading capacity. The obtained 21-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were analyzed spectroscopically and microscopically with FT-IR, UV–vis, and scanning electron microscopy as well as thermogravimetric analysis, Raman, and x-ray diffraction. The in vitro release of 21 from the nanoparticles exhibited a controlled release profile just over one month following a burst release in the initial six hours and in addition to this a total release ratio of %50 and %85 were obtained at pH 7.4 and 5.5, respectively. 21-loaded PLGA nanoparticles displayed remarkably effective anticancer activity than 21. The IC50 values were determined as IC50 (21-loaded PLGA nanoparticles): 0.42 ± 0.01 mg ml−1 and IC50 (free 21 molecule): 5.74 ± 3.82 mg ml−1 against MCF-7 cells, and as IC50 (21-loaded PLGA nanoparticles): 0.77 ± 0.12 mg ml−1 and IC50 (free 21 molecule): 1.32 ± 0.31 mg ml−1 against HeLa cells after the incubation period of 24 h. Our findings indicated that triazole-substituted coumarins may be used as an anticancer agent by integrating them into a polymeric drug delivery system providing improved drug loading and effective controlled drug release.
Time-helicity de-resonation (T-H) diagram for energy-selective mixing of charged particles during sawtooth crashes in tokamaks
Authors: Bierwage A , Lauber Ph , Shinohara K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It was recently shown that there exists a narrow parameter window where benign sawtooth crashes cause only mixing of bulk plasma and slowed-down alpha particle ‘ash’, while leaving MeV-class fast alphas largely unperturbed (Bierwage et al 2022 Nat. Commun.
13 3941). Here, we revisit the underlying physical picture and reframe it in a manner that may be suitable for systematic analyses of this phenomenon in modeling, simulation and experimental studies. In particular, we propose a graph that we call ‘time-helicity de-resonation diagram’ (short: T-H diagram) that captures the physical essence of energy-selectivity of sawtooth-particle interactions and visualizes it in a compact, intuitive way. Moreover, the regimes of good confinement and strong mixing during a sawtooth crash can be discerned via a single figure of merit: the T-H radius. The concept is introduced here on the basis of simulation results and would eventually benefit from further validation when applied to suitable empirical data.
Surface recombination in Pyrex in oxygen DC glow discharges: mesoscopic modelling and comparison with experiments
Authors: Viegas Pedro , Silveira Jorge , Cunha Dias Tiago , Guaitella Olivier , Sofía Morillo Candás Ana , Guerra Vasco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Surface recombination in an oxygen DC glow discharge in a Pyrex (borosilicate glass) tube is studied via mesoscopic modelling and comparison with measurements of recombination probability. A total of 106 experimental conditions are assessed, with discharge current varying between 10 and 40 mA, pressure values ranging between 0.75 and 10 Torr, and fixed outer wall temperatures (

T

w

) of −20, 5, 25 and

50

∘

C

. The model includes O+O and O+O2 surface recombination reactions and a

T

w

dependent desorption frequency. The model is validated for all the 106 studied conditions and intends to have predictive capabilities. The analysis of the simulation results highlights that for

T

w

=
−
20

∘

C

and

T

w

=
5

∘

C

the dominant recombination mechanisms involve physisorbed oxygen atoms (

O
F

) in Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) recombination

O
F

+

O
F

and in Eley–Rideal (E-R) recombination

O
2

+

O
F

, while for

T

w

=
25

∘

C

and

T

w

=
50

∘

C

processes involving chemisorbed oxygen atoms (

O
S

) in E-R

O
+

O
S

and L-H

O
F

+

O
S

also play a relevant role. A discussion is taken on the relevant recombination mechanisms and on ozone wall production, with relevance for higher pressure regimes.
The spindle approximation of network epidemiological modeling
Authors: Mou Jianhong , Dai Bitao , Tan Suoyi , Holme Petter , Lehmann Sune , Liljeros Fredrik , Lu Xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of spreading and diffusion on networks is of critical importance for a variety of processes in real life. However, predicting the temporal evolution of diffusion on networks remains challenging as the process is shaped by network topology, spreading non-linearities, and heterogeneous adaptation behavior. In this study, we propose the ‘spindle vector’, a new network topological feature, which shapes nodes according to the distance from the root node. The spindle vector captures the relative order of nodes in diffusion propagation, thus allowing us to approximate the spatiotemporal evolution of diffusion dynamics on networks. The approximation simplifies the detailed connections of node pairs by only focusing on the nodal count within individual layers and the interlayer connections, seeking a compromise between efficiency and complexity. Through experiments on various networks, we show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art on BA networks with an average improvement of 38.6% on the mean absolute error. Additionally, the predictive accuracy of our method exhibits a notable convergence with the pairwise approximation approach with the increasing presence of quadrangles and pentagons in WS networks. The new metric provides a general and computationally efficient approach to predict network diffusion problems and is of potential for a large range of network applications.
Spot scanning imaging calibration method based on deviation model for wafer inspection
Authors: Qu Dingjun , Zhou Zuoda , Li Zhiwei , Ding Ruizhe , Jin Wei , Ru Yu , Zhu Xiahanxiao , Luo Haiyan , Xiong Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The spot scanning defect detection system has good detection performance for wafer defects. However, due to the existence of system assembly errors, the wafer defect inspection system could not scan following the planned trace, which resulted in distortion of the reconstructed image and had a greater impact on defect feature extraction and accurate defect location. The system deviation calibration and adjustment can further facilitate the accuracy of the system position and image reconstruction. To address this issue, the causes and shapes of imaging distortion were analyzed and simulated, and a simple and effective calibration method based on a scanning deviation model for the spot scanning defect detection system was proposed. First, a scanning deviation model was established following the characteristics of the spot scanning system, and different degrees of reconstructed image distortion were simulated and analyzed as the system deviation changes. Then, an 8-inch wafer with a grid was used as the calibrator and scanned using the developed spot scanning system. Serveral grid corners in the reconstructed image are selected and used as the calibration feature points. The constraint function is constructed using the equidistant features between adjacent grid points, and then the quasi-Newton method is used to optimize the parameters of the function to obtain the best deviation estimation of the spot scanning system. To prove the validity of the estimated deviation parameters, another patterned wafer was scanned and the distortion image was used for reconstruction. The experiment demonstrated that an accurate and distortion-free wafer image can be reconstructed using the calibrated deviation parameters, and the root mean square error of the measured distance between two points of interest was only 0.61 pixels, which proved the effectiveness of the proposed calibration method.
Analytic solutions of Eliashberg gap equations at superconducting critical temperature
Authors: Pinsook Udomsilp , Natkunlaphat Nattawut , Rientong Komkrit , Tasee Pakin , Seeyangnok Jakkapat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We perform simple mathematical analysis of the Eliashberg gap equations, and derive the analytic expression at the superconducting critical temperature. In order to perform exact summation of

L

T

c

=

∑

λ

m
1

2
m
−
1

,

we use the Einstein and Debye models for the Eliashberg spectral function. This quantity is in good agreement with data derived from experimental and DFT data. To the leading-term approximation, the analytic expression of the superconducting critical temperature is of the form

T

c

=

2

e

γ
−
1

π

ω

x

exp

−

1
+

μ

*

ln

4

e

γ

m

c

λ

,

where

ω

x

=

ω

2

or

ω

ln

.

The frequencies

ω

2

and

ω

ln

come out naturally from the models. These equations contain

m

c

as an adjustable parameter. There are no other free parameters and no empirical formula involved. We compare the results of these equations with the celebrated Allen-Dynes modified McMillan equation together with the data from experiments and DFT calculations. The data show strong correlation between our analytic expression and the celebrated Allen-Dynes equation.
Study on repeated discharge frequency characteristics of plasma pulse equipment
Authors: Kang Zhongjian , Dong Zhentao , Zheng Shichao , Shen Yichao , Liu Peng , Gong Dajian , Du Haoran , Hu Caifu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In order to increase the production of unconventional oil and gas, it is necessary to improve its reservoir. Plasma pulse technology is one of a safe and environmentally friendly reservoir reconstruction technology. In this paper, the discharge test of plasma pulse equipment was carried out in the laboratory. The different discharge stages (pre-discharge, main-discharge, sinusoidal attenuation oscillation and post-discharge stage) of plasma pulse equipment in a single discharge were discussed, and the frequency characteristics in the repeated discharge were studied in detail. The discharge test shows that the energy and average power of main-discharge stage are about 109 J and 15.6 MW respectively, and the discharge frequency range is about 0–25 Hz. Furthermore, the linear attenuation function model of breakdown voltage change under the initial discharge frequency of 4 Hz, 9 Hz, 14 Hz and 19 Hz is established, and the change law of breakdown voltage decreases linearly with the increase of discharge frequency is revealed. The results show that the research content of this paper has an important guiding significance for revealing the variation law of repeated discharge frequency characteristics of plasma pulse equipment, which is helpful to further optimize the design of plasma pulse equipment and improve its working performance.
Study of structural, dynamical stability, electronic magnetic and optical properties of RbSnO3 oxide perovskite compound using the density functional theory approach
Authors: Boualleg Cheyma , Meddour Athmane , Gous Mohammed Hadi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the structural, phonon, elastic, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of cubic perovskite RbSnO3. The calculations are based on the linearized augmented plane wave method with total potential (FP-LAPW), implemented in the Wien2k code; two approximations are used for calculate properties, PBE-GGA and TB-mBJ . The values of the tolerance factor and the formation energy of this material indicate that it is stable in the cubic structure of Pm3̅m symmetry. The Born criteria for the compound under study confirm its mechanical stability, while its phonon dispersion curves confirm its dynamic stability. The results of the electronic and magnetic properties show that the compound is ferromagnetic (FM) semi-metallic (DM) with semiconductor behavior in the majority spin channel and with an indirect gap in the M → Γ direction and having a total magnetic moment equal to 1 μB and a Curie temperature equal to 527 K. Optical spectra of the compound show high optical conductivity in the infrared region and towards the end of the spectrum at around 6 eV, high reflection in the infrared region with a maximum at 0.25 eV, and high absorption in the ultraviolet region at 6 eV. In view of these results, the RbSnO3 perovskite can be a promising candidate for spintronics applications as it can be used in optical devices working in the ultraviolet (UV) light region.
Dirac stars in wormhole spacetime
Authors: Hao Chen-Hao , Sun Shi-Xian , Huang Long-Xing , Zhang Rong , Su Xin , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the spherically symmetric Dirac star model in the presence of a phantom field, obtaining a traversable wormhole solution in non-trivial topological spacetime. This solution exhibits asymmetry in both the field configuration and the metric and possesses a finite ADM mass M and Noether charge Q. Furthermore, due to a wormhole at the center, this solution exhibits many differences from the Dirac star under trivial spacetime. Notably, when the wormhole throat size is small, our numerical calculations indicate the emergence of an extremely approximate black hole solution on one side of the wormhole spacetime, a phenomenon unexplored. At this time, the Kretschmann scalar near the throat tends to infinity, indicating the wormhole becomes untraversable.
Periapsis shift in spherically symmetric spacetimes and effects of electric interactions*
Authors: Wang 王 Qianchuan 乾川 , Jia 贾 Junji 俊基 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The periapsis shift of charged test particles in arbitrary static and spherically symmetric charged spacetimes are studied. Two perturbative methods, the near-circular approximation and post-Newtonian methods, are developed and shown to be very accurate when the results are determined to high orders. The near-circular approximation method is more precise when eccentricity e of the orbit is small, whereas the post-Newtonian method is more effective when orbit semilatus rectum p is large. Results from these two methods are shown to agree when both e is small and p is large. These results are then applied to the Reissner-Nordström spacetime, the Einstein-Maxwell-dilation gravity, and a charged wormhole spacetime. The effects of various parameters on the periapsis shift, particularly that of the electrostatic interaction, are carefully studied. The periapsis shift data of the solar-Mercury are then used to constrain the charges of the Sun and Mercury, and the data of the Sgr A*-S2 periapsis shift are used to determine, for the first time using this method, the constraints of the charges of Sgr A* and S2.
Analysis of the Effect of Distillation Parameters on Freshwater Yield in Seawater Dispenser
Authors: Koswara E , Nasim  , Rahmanudin F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of condensation that occurs in the condenser in the seawater distillation dispenser system. In the seawater dispenser system, it has been tested using the default system from the existing dispenser. The test results from the seawater distillation dispenser can change seawater with a seawater content of 20% to 0%. Initial testing was carried out only to see whether the built-in dispenser system with the addition of a 1-level condenser system could work well or not. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the condensation process that occurs in the condenser to see how efficiently the condenser works. The method used is by testing directly on the seawater distillation dispenser system. The test was carried out in 3 stages, each of which used a volume of 400 mL of seawater. The capacity refers to the volume available in the sea-water distillation dispenser reactor. The results obtained from the tests carried out are in the form of the time required for the freshwater production process, the amount of fresh water produced and the condenser temperature that occurs. This research is important to see the performance of the distillation dispenser system. In previous tests it has not been seen how efficient the system has been made. by testing the seawater distillation dispenser system, you can see how efficient the tool is and how the operating parameters occur. Fresh water production in stage 1 condenser starts to appear at 350 seconds (6 minutes first). The maximum production of fresh water is 24.6 mL (6.15%) of the total 400 ml. The average condenser temperature is above 80°C.
Analysis of Solar Water Heater with Modification Absorber Plate Integrated Thermal Storage
Authors: Rahmadhani M A I , Jalaluddin  , Mochtar A A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In various countries worldwide, solar water heater systems (SWHs) are utilized as devices that harness solar energy as a primary energy source. This study investigates the performance of SWHs numerical simulation by integrating phase change material (PCM) paraffin wax onto an absorber plate collector at the bottom for thermal storage. This study presents the thermal performance of a SWHs that uses an absorber plate with PCM for thermal energy storage. In this test, four variations of the model tested, namely a) standard flat plate (SFP), b) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 10mm (SFP+PCM 10mm), c) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 7mm (SFP+PCM 7mm), and d) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 4mm (SFP+PCM 4mm), were investigated using numerical simulation. Initially, an analytical investigation was conducted to examine the material qualities of paraffin wax utilised for phase change material (PCM) storage. The SWH systems were subsequently imported and simulated under three different levels of continuous solar radiation: 400 W/m2 700 W/m2 and 1000 W/m2. The simulation incorporates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The results of the study revealed that the collector of the SWH system, which utilised an absorber plate containing phase change material (PCM) storage, demonstrated exceptional performance. Models with a thickness of 7mm PCM or SFP+PCM 7mm have the highest efficiency compared to other models with an efficiency value of 64%. There is a 3-4% increase in efficiency with variations in models that use PCM thermal storage compared to models that do not use PCM thermal storage.
Equilibrium Volumetric Experiment Apparatus Review for Mixed-Gas Adsorption
Authors: Huwae R , Nuriyadi M , Tjiptadi AT. , Nasruddin  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research aim is to identify the additional equipment and system functions required to set up an experimental system for mixed-gas dynamic adsorption using equilibrium volumetric technique. As well as to review the process variables’ effect on adsorption capability, while using an experimental system apparatus consisting of an equipment previously mentioned in selected papers. In this study, the selected experimental research on mixed-gas adsorption is reviewed, which used the equilibrium volumetric method. The relationship between process variables and adsorption capacity, kinetics, and diffusional mass transfer are observed. The correlation between adsorbate concentration, adsorption temperature, pressure during adsorption process, flow rate of adsorbate and adsorption capacity indicates that using additional equipment in the experimental mixed-gas dynamic adsorption is feasible. The correlation between these parameters is in agreement with common understanding of adsorption. The predicted adsorption capacity and analysis of kinetics adsorption are consistent with the model. The diffusional mass transfer could explain a diffusional step of the adsorbate onto the adsorbent.
Experimental Study on Flame Merging Phenomenon
Authors: Famaretha S D , Santoso M A , Nugroho Y S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
No less than 350 housing fires happened each year during 2016-2021 in DKI Jakarta. Fatality is fortunately not a common issue, but it was predicted that 200 billion rupiahs losses annually from the fires. Narrow spaces with a bulk of people housing make the fire spread faster. Fire burns, whichever is the ‘ready-to-burn’ first, so it cannot be expected one house is already burned out first, then the fire will continue to the next house. From this phenomenon, it potentially has more than one hotspot from the fire that can grow bigger with a flame merging situation. For a better understanding of fire merging phenomenon, experimental study was reported in this work. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale experiment with the variation of the separation distance between the fire sources. The separation distance was set to be 0; 5; 10 cm. The fire source was shredded paper which is placed in cylindrical baskets having diameters of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm. The experimental data were recorded by using K-type thermocouple, visual and thermal cameras, and a scale. The results show that the probability of flame merging increases with the diameter of baskets. The temperature and flame height increase as the flame merging phenomenon occurs. However, flame merging does not have a direct impact on combustion efficiency based on this experiment.
Biodiesel Production Process Using Plasma Method on Engine Performance and Exhaust Gas Emissions
Authors: Azis N , Amaliyah N , Putra A E E , Kusumawati D , Aldi M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Crude Palm Oil is one of the renewable energy sources that is widely used as an environmentally friendly energy source, one form of utilization is by processing crude palm oil into biodiesel. However, biodiesel has drawbacks in terms of performance which is less good than fossil fuels. This study aims to improve the performance of the engine produced by biodiesel and maximize the utilization of crude palm oil in biodiesel. In improving the performance of diesel engines, the treatment method used in producing biodiesel affects the physical properties of the biodiesel produced. This study uses a mixture of Dexlite fuel with plasma biodiesel in a ratio of 1:1, which produces B50 biodiesel. To measure the performance using a TV1 diesel engine and a gas analyzer OPA 100 with a compression ratio of 1:18, 1:14, and a load of 1 kg, 3 kg, 5 kg, 7 kg, and 9 kg. The results showed that the maximum effective power (BP) occurred at a load of 9 kg with a ratio of 1: 14, which was 2.38 kW, and the minimum specific fuel consumption (SFC) occurred at a compression ratio of 1: 18 and loading 9 which is 0.240 Kg/kWh, the maximum volumetric efficiency (ηvo) occurs at 9 kg loading with a compression ratio of 1: 14 with the addition of 0% methanol solvent which is 70.61%, and thermal efficiency (ηth) maximum loading occurred at 9 kg loading with a compression ratio of 1: 18 using 0% methanol solvent, which is 44,74%.