bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of HPCA‐1 and HLA‐DR antigens on growth factor‐ and stroma‐dependent colony forming cells
Authors: Watt Suzanne M. , Katz Fay E. , Davis Laura , Capellaro David , Gordon Myrtle Y. , Tindle Robert W. , Greaves Melvyn F. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The expression of HLA‐DR and HPCA‐1 antigens (recognized by the L243 and BL3C5 antibodies respectively) on adult human bone marrow cells was examined by fluorescence activated cell sorting and colony assays. Nearly all the (day 14) lineage restricted and multipotential colony forming cells analysed in methylcellulose cultures in the presence of added growth factors express HLA‐DR and HPCA‐1 determinants. Two colour cell sorting reveals that the lineage restricted HLA‐DR positive progenitors express variable levels of BI.3C5 positivity whereas most of the multipotential progenitors, the multi‐CFC or CFU‐GEMM, are highly BI.3C5 positive. The isolated HLA‐DR and BI.3C5 positive populations also contain haemopoietic precursors which adhere to and form colonies on pre‐formed stromal layers. Thus, haemopoietic progenitors assayed in both types of culture system can be analysed and enriched by simultaneous two‐colour sorting using anti‐HLA‐DR and BI.3C5 monoclonal antibodies. Similarities in the antigenic phenotype of such cells, however, precludes the use of these reagents for segregating growth factor‐dependent from stroma‐dependent progenitors.
Improved in vivo and in vitro viability of platelet concentrates stored for seven days in a platelet additive solution
Authors: Holme S. , Heaton W. A. , Courtright M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAn additive solution has been developed for storage of platelet concentrates (PC) which sustains improved in vivo and in vitro viability after 7 d of storage in second generation oxygen permeable containers. This platelet additive solution is a protein‐free physiologic salt solution fortified with citrate, bicarbonate and glucose. The in vivo quality of the PC was evaluated by autologous radiolabelling with Indium‐111‐oxine to measure recovery and survival by multiple hit analysis. The in vitro quality was evaluated by total ATP content, hypotonic shock response and extent of shape change with ADP. Ten paired studies were performed with PC from the same donor being stored for 7 d at 22°C in both CPDA‐1 plasma and the additive solution. Mean recoveries and survivals were found to be substantially higher with PC stored in the additive solution than with PC stored in CPDA‐I plasma (51·0±7·8% and 144·1 ± 15·9 h versus 36·6±10·7% and 110·4±31·6 h). The differences were statistically significant (P< 0·001). The results of the in vitro assays described above parallelled the in vivo results, with statistically significantly superior results (P<0·01) for all parameters of PC stored in the additive solution. This study is the first to show that PC quality may be improved and storage extended using an additive solution.
Prothrombin Poissy: a new variant of human prothrombin
Authors: Dumont M.‐D. , Tapon‐Bretaudiere J. , Fischer A.‐M. , Bros A. , Chassevent J. , Aufeuvre J.‐P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA new congenital dysprothrombinaemia is described in a newborn baby girl who presented severe bleeding from the second day of life. Routine coagulation tests showed very prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time with about 2% prothrombin activity in a one‐stage assay. Staphylocoagulase and Echis carinatus venom prothrombin assays were respectively 35% and 25%. The prothrombin antigen level was 47% and its migration in crossed immuno‐electrophoresis was abnormal. Family study revealed the presence of both normal and abnormal prothrombin in the plasma of three family members: the father, the mother and the brother. Thrombin generation in a system free from natural inhibitors showed that the abnormal prothrombin was slowly and incompletely activated. The propositus is thought to be homozygous for a ‘lazy’ dysprothrombin.
Cianidanol and its metabolites bind tightly to red cells and are responsible for the production of auto‐ and/or drug‐dependent antibodies against these cells
Authors: Salama A. , Mueller‐Eckhardt C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCianidanol ((+)‐2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐3, 5, 7‐chromantriol) is a flavonoid which has been associated with severe immune haemolysis by as yet unclear mechanisms. We report six patients who developed haemolysis while receiving the drug. The disorder was episodic in all patients and resolved after discontinuing the drug. The causative antibodies could be demonstrated in all six cases, even when the haemolytic episode was more than 1 year prior to this study. One patient had developed drug‐independent IgG autoantibodies, another simultaneously developed autoantibodies and drug‐dependent antibodies (ddab) of the IgG class, while the remaining four patients had only ddab of the IgM and/or the IgG classes. All ddab were reactive with red blood cells (RBC) in the presence of the drug and/or its metabolites (ex vivo antigens), and, quite unexpectedly, also with RBC coated with the drug (metabolites) in vitro or in vivo. This reactivity did not change either by preincubating the antibodies with the drug or by adding large amounts of the drug to the mixture of drug‐coated cells plus antibody. It seems that the stable association of cianidanol with RBC generates antigenic sites against which a heterogeneous immune response is elicited giving rise to long‐lasting drugdependent antibodies as well as autoantibodies.
Clinical and laboratory features of de novo acute myeloid leukaemia with trilineage myelodysplasia
Authors: Brito‐Babapulle F. , Catovsky D. , Galton D. A. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPrimary myelodysplastic syndromes progress to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in about 30% of cases. We have sought evidence of pre‐existing trilineage myelodysplasia (TMDS) using the FAB criteria (1982) in 160 consecutive cases of primary de novo AML. TMDS was found in 24 cases (15%) including two of 33 cases of Ml (6%), four of 40 cases of M2 (10%), none of 18 cases of M3, five of 31 cases of M4 (15%), six of 30 cases of M5 (20%), all of six cases of M6 and one of two cases of M7.The median presentation bone‐marrow blast‐cell count in the 24 AML/TMDS cases was 53% (30–90%) and 82% (45–100%) in the 136 cases of AML without TMDS. 60% of the AML/TMDS bone‐marrow aspirates contained fewer than 60% of blasts compared with only 11% of those from AML without TMDS (P<0.001). In AML the occurrence of symptomatic cytopenias when the marrow blast‐cell count is below 60% and the peripheral blood blast‐cell count is below 20% is highly correlated with dysplastic haemopoiesis (P<0.001).
Chromosome abnormalities in peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Lakkala‐Paranko Taina , Franssila Kaarle , Lappalainen Kimmo , Leskinen Ritva , Knuutila Sakari , de la Chapelle Albert , Bloomfield Clara D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe have studied neoplastic lymph nodes from six patients histologically, immunologically and cytogenetically. Histologically all the cases were classified as peripheral T‐cell lymphomas. These were subclassified as T‐zone lymphomas in three, large cell ‘pale cell’ variant in one. large cell immunoblastic in one, and small cell, mycosis fungoides in one. Two had features of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD). Immunologically all cases expressed CD2 (OKT11) and CD4 (T4). All six cases had clonal chromosome abnormalities, although in four cases the majority of cells were chromosomally normal. Chromosome 3 was most often involved in abnormalities, occurring in five patients. The most common single chromosome abnormality, trisomy 3, was seen in all three cases classified as T‐zone lymphoma and in no other cases. In the two cases with features of AILD only numerical abnormalities were seen, whereas in the other cases complicated structural rearrangements were present. Recurring structural abnormalities involved bands 1p12or13, 1q32, 3p25 and 14q11. Our data suggest that cytogenetic analysis may assist in diagnosis and classification of the peripheral T‐cell lymphomas.
Identification of blast cells in peripheral blood through automatic assessment of nuclear density: a new tool for monitoring patients with acute leukaemia
Authors: D'Onofrio G. , Mancini S. , Leone G. , Bizzi B. , Mango G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe Technicon H*1 haematology system is provided with a new method for basophil count, neutrophil lobularity assessment and detection of blasts in peripheral blood through automated measurement of nuclear density. We compared the results of the H* 1 blast flag with those of the microscope examination in 131 peripheral blood samples from 43 patients with acute leukaemia in different phases of their disease, to determine the degree of sensitivity and specificity of the system in this setting. In six patients at diagnosis or in overt relapse, all having large percentages of blasts at the manual differential count, a typical deformation of the profile of the mononuclear cell population on the display was consistently observed, regardless of the morphological subtype of leukaemic cell which was involved. Amongst 34 samples with 4–95% morphologically recognizable blasts on the peripheral blood film, the sensitivity of the system was 100%. with no false negatives at all. In 43 samples, on the other hand, the H*1 blast flag was positive in the absence of any morphological evidence of blasts on the smear. These ‘false positives’, however, were always obtained from leucopenic patients who had more than 12% blast infiltration in the bone marrow, compared to the 0–6% value that was found in patients with a negative H*1 blast flag. These results suggest that the H*1 system is a highly sensitive tool for the detection in peripheral blood of even small concentration of leukaemic cells, which escape morphological identification.
Detection of the Tn antigen in leukaemia using monoclonal anti‐Tn antibody and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Roxby David J. , Morley Alexander A. , Burpee Marie 
Published: March 2008

SummaryExposure of the normally cryptic Tn antigen on haemopoietic cells leading to erythrocyte polyagglutination has been reported in a few cases of malignant or premalignant haemopoietic disorders and has been attributed to a selective deficiency of the enzyme 3–β‐D‐galactosyl‐transferase, A male patient presented with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia with no evidence of Tn expression but, 16 months later, in the terminal stage of the disease, the majority of the erythrocytes were found to be polyagglutinable. Tn expression was confirmed by the use of lectins and by agglutination with a Tn‐specific monoclonal antibody. FBT3. Retrospective studies of stored blood and bone marrow smears were performed by immunocytochemistry using FBT3. Tn positive cells were first detected in the marrow 8 months prior to death. They increased progressively in number and, in the terminal illness, over 90% of erythroid precursors in the marrow and erythrocytes in peripheral blood and 40% of granulocyte precursors of the marrow and 10% of granulocytes in the blood were Tn positive. These observations suggest that Tn expression was present in a subclone of cells which became dominant during the course of the disease and that there may be a relationship between Tn expression and leukaemic progression.
Interpretation of red cell survival data for in vivo compatibility testing: a normal value study
Authors: Bentley S. A. , Collins M. L. , Miller D. T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryShort‐term survival studies are sometimes required to determine the compatibility of donor red cells. The results of these studies are generally expressed as per cent survival at 60 min. The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential for more sophisticated data analytical techniques to improve sensitivity.In one group of eight healthy male volunteers, autologous red cells were labelled with 51chromium and injected immediately, while in a second group, red cells were stored for 5 d prior to injection. In both groups, eight to 10 samples were collected in the first 6 h and another 10–12 samples over the next 4 weeks. Estimation of the 60 min per cent survival was insufficiently sensitive to detect ‘physiological’haemolysis following injection of 5‐d‐old autologous blood. Regression analysis of 6 h survival data, however, demonstrated significantly higher red cell clearance rates in these cases than in those receiving fresh cells, with a mean 24 h loss of 3.3% of activity. The upper limit for the 6 h red cell clearance rate was 1.63%/h after fresh autologous blood and 2.43%/h after 5‐d‐old blood. The significance of these findings is discussed and a protocol suggested for the analysis of short‐term red cell survival data.
Myeloid progenitors from the bone marrow of patients with vitamin D resistant rickets (type II) fail to respond to 1,25(OH)2D3
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Merchav Shoshana , Fabian Ina , Tatarsky Ilana , Weisman Yosef , Hochberg Zeev 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihyd‐roxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), has been shown to enhance the growth of human granulocyte/macrophage haemopoietic progenitors in vitro and to induce these cells to differentiate along the monocyte/macrophage pathway. In order to evaluate the relationship between specific receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3 and the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the regulation of haemopoietic cell differentiation, we examined the effect of 1,25(OH)2Di on the in vitro growth and differentiation patterns of marrow myeloid progenitor cells from two patients with 1,25(OH)2D3 resistant rickets, resulting from defective receptors to vitamin D. A significant rise in the frequency of myeloid colonies in control marrow cell cultures was induced by 2×10−9 to 2×10−7 M 1,25(OH)2D3. This rise reached a plateau at 2×10−9–2×10−8 M 1,25(OH)2D3, resulting in a maximal 54±9% increase in colony numbers. In contrast, no stimulatory effect could be detected when 1,25(OH)2D3 was added to cultured marrow cells from the patients with 1,25(OH)2D5 resistance. Analysis of colony composition revealed that 2×10−8 and 2×10−7 M, 1,25(OH)2D3 induced a 50±26% increase in the frequency of colonies composed only of monocytes/macrophages in control, but not in the patients’marrow cell cultures. The effect of 2×10−8 and 2×10−7 M 1,25(OH)2D3 on progenitor cell differentiation towards monocytes/macrophages was also observed in marrow cell suspension cultures. Whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 induced a 81–136% increase in the frequency of monocytes in control marrow cells, no effect could be detected on the generation of mature monocytes in marrow cells of the 1,25(OH)2D3 resistant patients. Our results show that marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells from patients with 1,25(OH)2D3 resistance fail to respond to 1,25(OH)2D3. We thus demonstrate that the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the proliferation and differentiation of haemopoietic progenitor cells is mediated through its binding to specific cytoplasmic receptors.
Interleukin 2 enhances cytotoxic cell function in vitro after T‐cell depleted marrow transplantation
Authors: Leger Olivier , Drexler Hans G. , Reittie Joyce E. , Secker‐Walker Lorna , Grant Prentice H. , Brenner Malcolm K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAfter T‐cell depleted marrow transplantation, there is a rapid recovery of cytotoxic effector cells, with activity against targets not susceptible to killing by ‘resting’natural killer cells. These targets include Epstein‐Barr virus transformed B cells and leukaemic cell lines. Activated killer cell function declines by 3 months after transplantation. We find that when CD3 negative effector cells are obtained from these patients and cultured in vitro with interleukin 2 there is a further enhancement of cytotoxic activity against a range of target cells in the early post‐transplant period. and a restoration of high level cytotoxic activity to effector cells obtained 3 months or more after the procedure. These results may have relevance to attempts to reduce the incidence of leukaemic relapse, and EBV + ve lymphoma outgrowth after T‐cell depleted BMT.
Multiple molecular abnormalities in Ph1 chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Dreazen Orna , Klisak Ivana , Jones Gary , Ho Winston G. , Sparkes Robert S. , Gale Robert Peter 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe Ph1 chromosome is present in 95% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). The Ph1 chromosome also occurs in 5–25% of children and adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). This observation raises questions as to whether these diseases are similar or identical. In patients with CML the c‐abl and hcr genes are translocated and abnormally expressed. We studied molecular events related to bcr and c‐abl in five patients with ALL to determine its relationship to CML. Four had the Ph1 chromosome; the fifth a probable Ph1 chromosome. c‐abl and bcr abnormalities identical to CML were detected in four suggesting a common molecular basis. One patient with the Ph1 chromosome and c‐abl translocation lacked these molecular changes but had abnormal c‐abl gene transcription apparently unrelated to her. These data suggest that Ph1 chromosome positive ALL is heterogeneous; in some patients the molecular abnormality is identical to CML; in others c‐abl is likewise involved but via a different mechanism.
Neutrophil FC‐receptor expression in cells of the circulating and marginated pools
Authors: Baglin Trevor P. , Pollock Andrew 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A method for rosetting neutrophils was developed and optimal rosetting conditions determined. The adhesive properties of neutrophils and their ability to form rosettes were studied for cells in the circulating pool, and following exercise when the circulating pool had been enriched by neutrophils from the marginated pool. We found the marginated pool to be the same as the circulating pool in terms of rosetting subpopulations and the in vitro adhesive properties of these subpopulations, indicating that the two pools can be considered kinetically as one.We also showed that non‐rosetting neutrophils can develop the ability to form rosettes following adhesion to glass in the presence of autologous serum.
Erythropoiesis during an erythroblastic phase of chronic myeloproliferative disorder associated with monosomy 7
Authors: Kojima Seiji , Mimaya Junichi , Tonouchi Tsutomu , Yokochi Tsunehiro , Kajitani Sachiko 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A chronic myeloproliferative disorder associated with monosomy 7 is described in a 3 1/2‐year‐old boy. His presenting features closely resembled those of juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia (JCML). Cytogenetic study of bone marrow cells showed that all of the metaphases examined had chromosome 7 deletions.He developed an erythroblastic phase, characterized by anaemia, marked erythroid hyperplasia of bone marrow and the appearance of nucleated red blood cells in the peripheral blood. During the erythroblastic phase, blood transfusion resulted in a suppression of erythropoiesis as evidenced in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The in vitro culture studies showed that the erythroid precursor was dependent upon erythropoietin (Ep) for differentiation and proliferation during the erythroblastic phase. However, the Ep dose‐response curve showed that a peak of erythroid colony formation occurred at a lower concentration than in the healthy controls. These findings suggest that although the erythroid precursor remains under the control of Ep, it has an increased sensitivity to Ep during the erythroblastic phase of monosomy 7.
Abnormal proliferation of T‐colony‐forming cells from peripheral blood of patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias and lymphomas in complete remission: potential prognostic value
Authors: Allouche Michéle , Georgoulias Vassilis , Bourinbaiar Aldar , Dupuy Isabelle , Clemenceau Corine , Gaget Hélène , Mathe Georges , Jasmin Claude 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Peripheral blood T‐colony‐forming cells (T‐CFC) from most patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (T‐ALL) and T‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (T‐NHL), can proliferate in vitro in methylcellulose in the absence of added growth factors or mitogens. We now report that spontaneous T‐cell colonies could also be obtained during complete remission of 13 out of 21 patients with T‐ALL and T‐NHL, but none of eight patients with common (pre‐B) ALL (cALL). Colony cells were mainly E+T3+, with a variable expression of other T cell markers. Spontaneous T‐CFC did not possess self‐renewal capacity in the absence of added growth factors. Moreover, incubation of spontaneous colonies with colchicine yielded mitoses in only two out of seven patients, with one normal and one abnormal karyotype. In five patients tested, recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2) could also induce the proliferation of some T‐CFC. Both spontaneous and IL2‐induced colonies were inhibited by an anti‐IL2 receptor monoclonal antibody, suggesting that interaction of IL2 with its receptor may be involved in the proliferation of some T‐CFC from these patients.A study of 14 T‐ALL patients tested during their first remission indicated that patients who developed no or few spontaneous colonies during their first remission (less than 20 colonies/105 mononuclear cells) seemed to relapse later and to have a significantly longer survival than patients with a high number of spontaneous colonies. These data suggest that the spontaneous proliferation capacity of T‐CFC might be of prognositic value in the clinical evaluation of T‐ALL.
Interleukin‐1 producing ability of leukaemia cells and its relationship to morphological diagnosis
Authors: Furukawa Yusuke , Ohta Masatsugu , Miura Yasusada , Saito Masaki 
Published: March 2008

SummaryInterleukin‐1 (IL‐1) is a low molecular weight polypeptide produced by monocyte–macrophage lineage cells. IL‐1 production by primary‐cultured leukaemic cells of several FAB subtypes was estimated and compared with in vitro and in vivo lysozyme production.The results indicate that IL‐1 production by monocytic leukaemia cells (M4 and M5) is significantly higher than that of myelocytic leukaemia cells (M1, M2 and M3). On the other hand, the serum lysozyme level was not correlated with the FAB subtypes and in vitro lysozyme production by monocytic leukaemia cells was higher than that of myelocytic leukaemia cells, but the M2 subtype was indistinguishable from monocytic leukaemia cells solely on the basis of lysozyme production.We concluded that measurement of IL‐1 production by leukaemic cells, as a marker of monocytic leukaemias, was convenient and reliable, and might be useful for the diagnosis of morphologically or cytochemically atypical cases.
Mitozantrone‐induced toxicity and DNA strand breaks in leukaemic cells
Authors: Ho Anthony D. , Seither Eva , Ma David D. F. , Prentice H. Grant 
Published: March 2008

SummaryBy applying the fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU) the in vitro effect of mitozantrone on DNA strand breaks was studied in seven different human leukaemic/lymphoma cell lines and in fresh leukaemic samples from seven patients with acute myeloid leukaemia refractory to conventional treatment. Pulse exposure to mitozantrone for 30 min invariably caused strand breaks. In the cell lines JM 1, KM3 and RPM I 8420 DNA strand breakage was progressive upon further incubation in drug free medium. These cell lines were killed by pulse exposure to mitozantrone. In the cell lines Molt 4, Daudi, Raji and HL‐60, the DNA strand breaks induced by mitozantone were only moderate and these cell lines were also resistent to killing by mitozantrone in vitro. The leukaemic cells of one of the seven patients behaved also like the cell lines that were sensitive and a complete remission was achieved in this patient using mitozantrone as single agent therapy. The other patients with a pattern similar to the resistent cell lines proved to be clinically refractory. Thus mitozantrone induces rapidly progressive DNA strand breaks as early as 30 min in leukaemic cells that are sensitive. The measurement of DNA strand breaks by the fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding is a rapid method which might predict response to drugs whose major effect is on the induction of strand breaks.