bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acrocentric cryptic translocation associated with nondisjunction of chromosome 21
Authors: Ramos Sandra , Alcántara Miguel Angel , Molina Bertha , del Castillo Victoria , Sánchez Silvia , Frias Sara 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDown syndrome is the most frequent autosome aneuploidy in live newborns. It was recently proposed that pericentromeric cryptic translocations might be a cause of chromosome nondisjunction. We describe here a phenotypically normal subject with a cryptic translocation involving the short arms of chromosomes 13 or 21 and 22, who had a son with Down syndrome. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on paternal metaphase chromosomes showed a chromosome 22 centromere positive for both 13/21 and 14/22 centromeric probes. The same probes hybridized on different and contiguous sites of chromatin fibers, eliminating cross‐hybridization artifacts. This confirmed the presence of a cryptic translocation generating a dicentric chromosome 22: fib ish dic(21;22)(21pter → 21q10::22q10 → 22qter)(D13/21Z1+;D14/22Z1+). Microsatellite STR segregation analysis confirmed the paternal origin of the additional chromosome 21 in the Down syndrome patient. To determine whether the father showed a higher‐than‐normal frequency of chromosome 21 nondisjunction, FISH analysis of spermatozoa was performed using a sequence specific probe (21q22.13–q22.2). The frequency of disomy 21 spermatozoa was twofold higher in the cryptic translocation carrier as compared to normal subjects (P < 0.014), suggesting that the rearrangement favored the nondisjunction of chromosome 21. This is the first report associating a pericentromeric cryptic translocation of acrocentric chromosomes with the generation of aneuploidy, supporting the hypothesis that this type of rearrangement may contribute to abnormal chromosomal segregation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel proton‐exchange membrane for fuel cells operating at high temperatures and low humidities
Authors: Chuang Ching‐Nan , Chao Liang , Huang Ying‐Jie , Hsieh Tar‐Hwa , Chuang Hung‐Yi , Lin Shu‐Chi , Ho Ko‐Shan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of a p‐toluidine/formaldehyde (PTF) resin was performed, and the effects of the molar ratio of the individual monomers and the polymerization conditions on the structure of the PTF resin were studied. Fourier transform infrared and 13C‐NMR spectra were used to characterize the PTF. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed the crystalline structures of various PTFs. Polarized optical microscopy revealed that the molar ratio of the monomers had a strong effect on the crystalline morphologies. A longer polymerization time turned out a polymer with a higher intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight, which led to differences in the proton conductivity. All of the PTFs showed a higher proton conductivity than a commercial Nafion membrane at 90–100°C and 0% relative humidity. The proton conductivity of the PTF series could be improved by sulfonation with sulfuric acid and could be maintained after blending with polyurethane. Pure methanol could be used as a fuel source because of the insolubility and nonwetting properties of PTF in methanol to increase the output current density for a PTF membrane electrode assembly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Developmental expression of LC3α and β: Absence of fibronectin or autophagy phenotype in LC3β knockout mice
Authors: Cann Gordon M. , Guignabert Christophe , Ying Lihua , Deshpande Niru , Bekker Janine M. , Wang Lingli , Zhou Bin , Rabinovitch Marlene 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMurine light chain 3 (LC3) exists as two isoforms, LC3α and β: LC3β is an RNA‐binding protein that enhances fibronectin (FN) mRNA translation, and is also a marker of autophagy. We report embryonic expression patterns for LC3α and LC3β, with some overlap but notable differences in the brain, and in tissues of non‐neuronal origin. LC3β knockout (−/−) mice develop normally without a compensatory increase in LC3α. LC3β−/− embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit reduced FN synthesis but maintain wild type (WT) levels of FN protein. No significant changes in proteins associated with FN turnover, i.e., caveolin‐1, LRP‐1, or matrix metalloproteinases were identified. Autophagosomes form in amino acid–starved LC3β−/−MEFs, and Caesarean‐delivered pups survive as long as WT pups without an increase in LC3‐related proteins linked to autophagy. These results suggest novel compensatory mechanisms for loss of LC3β, ensuring proper FN accumulation and autophagy during fetal and neonatal life. Developmental Dynamics 237:187–195, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of a Naturally Occurring Diene‐Containing Amino Acid and Its Glutamyl Dipeptide via N‐Acyliminium Ion Chemistry
Authors: Berkheij Martin , Dijkink Jan , David Olivier R. P. , Sonke Theo , IJzendoorn Denis R. , Blaauw Richard H. , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Schoemaker Hans E. , Hiemstra Henk 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe syntheses of the naturally occurring unusual unsaturated amino acid (S)‐2‐amino‐3‐methylene‐4‐pentenoic acid and the corresponding γ‐glutamyl dipeptide are described. Key steps are an N‐acyliminium ion addition using allenylmethylsilane as nucleophile and an enzymatic resolution mediated by the L‐aminopeptidase from Pseudomonas putida. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Encapsulation and release of a fluorescent probe, khusimyl dansylate, obtained from vetiver oil by complex coacervation
Authors: Prata A. S. , Menut C. , Leydet A. , Trigo J. R. , Grosso C. R. F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe essential oil of vetiver [Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash ex. Small] is widely used in the perfume industry, owing to its pleasant, long‐lasting, woody aroma. If this substance can be encapsulated in microparticles so that its release can be controlled, the effective duration of its properties should be extended for a much longer period of time. The present study was thus designed to investigate the encapsulation of this vetiver essential oil in microparticles. Since the detection of the effective release of such a complex mixture from these microparticles into the receiving medium can be problematic, an identifiable probe can be released with it to facilitate evaluation of the progression of the release process. Zizanoic acid is one of the compounds found in vetiver oil which depreciates its sensorial quality. This acid was thus extracted and reduced to the corresponding alcohol, khusimol, which was combined with dansyl chloride to form a fluorescent ester, khusimyl dansylate (KD). The vetiver oil and the fluorescent probe were then encapsulated (100:1) in microparticles produced by the complex coacervation of gum Arabic and gelatin. The microparticles showed spherical shape, multinuclear distribution of the core material and high encapsulation efficiency (95%). Two versions of these microparticles, moist and freeze‐dried ones, were tested for the release of the KD into an ethanol medium. The moist particles released the whole KD after 5 h, although only 80% of the fluorescent probe was released with the freeze‐dried microparticles at that time, probably due to the constriction caused by freeze‐drying. The release of the components of vetiver oil, under the same experimental conditions, was followed, in parallel, by gas chromatography and the results obtained were compared and discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the relation between order of accuracy, convergence rate and spectral slope for linear numerical methods applied to multiscale problems
Authors: Holdaway D. , Thuburn J. , Wood N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe relation between order of accuracy and convergence rate for simple linear finite difference schemes for differentiation and advection is examined theoretically and empirically. For sufficiently smooth functions, i.e. those with sufficiently steep spectral slope, the convergence rate is given by the order of accuracy. For less smooth functions, with shallower spectral slope, differentiation and advection behave slightly differently: the convergence rate of a finite difference derivative is determined entirely by the spectral slope, while the convergence rate of a finite difference advection scheme is determined by an interaction between the spectral slope and the order of accuracy. © Crown copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel non‐iterative methods for evolutionary semilinear flow problems
Authors: Arrarás A. , Portero L. , Jorge J. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the efficient numerical solution of semilinear parabolic problems that describe flow phenomena through non‐isotropic porous media. For the time integration of such problems, we propose a linearly implicit fractional step method that considers function and operator splittings related to suitable decompositions of the flow domain. The resulting family of elliptic problems is discretized in space by means of the support‐operator technique, obtaining a nine‐cell finite difference scheme on a logically rectangular grid. Owing to the chosen splittings, the totally discrete scheme involves sets of uncoupled linear systems that can be solved in parallel. Finally, a numerical experiment is included in order to show the unconditionally convergent behaviour of the scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution finite volume computations using a novel weighted least‐squares formulation
Authors: Mandal J. C. , Rao S. , Subramanian J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHigh‐resolution finite volume schemes based on a novel reconstruction technique, SDWLS (solution‐dependent weighted least squares) are considered. The SDWLS technique, originally developed for second‐order variable reconstruction by Mandal and Subramanian (Appl. Numer. Math., 2007; DOI: 10.1016/j.apnum.2007.02.003), is further extended to third‐order reconstruction with compact stencils involving only the nearest neighbors. The new schemes are applied to solve a few numerical test examples, involving scalar conservation laws and the system of non‐linear gas dynamics equations, in order to study their performance. Significant improvements in solution accuracy have been achieved with the second‐ and third‐order SDWLS reconstruction techniques. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elimination of organic matter present in wastewaters from the cork industry by membrane filtration
Authors: Benítez F Javier , Leal Ana I , Real Francisco J , Acero Juan L , Roldán Gloria 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The first stage of the cork industrial process generates great volumes of wastewater with moderate to high organic pollutant content that must be purified using different procedures, such as filtration by membranes.RESULTS: The tangential filtration of these wastewaters was studied using two different laboratory equipments. In the first one, three ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were tested, with molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) 100 kDa and 30 kDa, and two operating modes were used: total recycling of permeate and retentate streams, and in continuous mode, without recycling both streams. In the total recycling UF experiments, the influence of the operating variables on the permeate flux was first established. The effectiveness of the different membranes was determined by evaluating the rejection coefficients for several parameters that measure the global pollutant content of the effluent. The values found for these rejection coefficients were in the following order: ellagic acid and color > absorbance at 254 nm > tannic content > COD (chemical oxygen demand). In the continuous mode experiments, the fouling mechanism for each membrane was established by fitting the experimental data to various filtration fouling models given in the literature. The operating mode in the second equipment was batch concentration, and additional experiments were carried out with an UF membrane (2 kDa), and with a NF membrane (with MWCO in the range 150–300 Da).CONCLUSIONS: The three operating modes tested provided different rejection levels of organic matter; among them, the most effective procedure tested was batch concentration mode using a NF membrane. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermogravimetric characteristics of aerobic granules developed at different salinities
Authors: Li Zhihua , Wang Xiaochang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aerobic granular sludge is a self‐immobilization biotechnology for wastewater treatment. The thermogravimetric characteristics of aerobic granules were investigated in this study.RESULTS: The strongly physically bound water in granules that developed at a salinity of 1% (in reactor R1) and 5% (in reactor R2) were 5% and 3%, respectively. In addition, the extracellular polymer substances (EPS) affected the bound water more significantly at a low salinity than a higher one. Based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), granules that developed at low salinity (such as 1% in R1) exhibited a rich diversity of organic components, and higher total EPS concentrations, inferred from the ratios of volatile solids to total solids. Additionally, the maximum weight loss rates of the granules in all reactors occurred at a temperature of around 250 °C and the endothermic peaks shifted to a relatively low temperature with increasing salinity regardless of the existence of EPS.CONCLUSION: Increasing the salinity in the substrates slightly decreased the bound water fraction in granules and reduced the richness of the granule components as well as the biodiversity. This study provides detailed information on the components of aerobic granule. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic Studies of Polyethylene Terephthalate Synthesis with Titanium‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Ahmadnian Fatemeh , Reichert Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSummary: Thermogravimetric analysis and stirred tank reactor techiques were used to study the kinetic of polycondensation of bis‐hydroxy ethylene terephthalate catalyzed by titanium tetrabutylate. Polycondensation reaction can be modelled best with a second order reaction with respect to hydroxyl end groups concentration. Titanium tetrabutylate is a precursor and needs preactivation for polycondensation catalysis. Kinetic data depends on the mode of operation in thermogravimetric analysis. In nonisothermal mode, the overall activation energy was determined by model‐free method and the pre‐exponential factor was found to be affected by catalyst concentration. The kinetic study of isothermal reaction in thermogravimetric analysis is complex due to lack of a precise way to reach desired isothermal temperature and high activity of the catalyst. Titanium catalyst shows higher activity and lower selectivity than antimony catalyst but its activity is affected by the nature of ligands.
Comparing Methods for Calculating the Heat Flow Rate of Reactions in Different Bench‐Scale Calorimeters
Authors: Gaulke Arnd‐Lüder , Pauer Werner , Moritz Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSummary: A transfer function of the RC1e™ (Mettler‐Toledo) calorimeter was obtained by calibration with a heating cartridge. With this function it was possible to determine the heat flow rate and total heat of different polymerization reactions. The calorimeter operates in isothermal as well as in isoperibolic mode. Additionally, 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and acrylic acid were polymerized in a three‐neck flask. In this common laboratory device the heat flow rate was obtained by using a transfer function calculated by calibration with a heating cartridge. Thus, the heat of polymerization can be obtained without using a calorimeter and without solving the heat balance equation.
Block copolymer preparation by atom transfer radical polymerization under emulsion conditions using a nanoprecipitation technique
Authors: Chan‐Seng Delphine , Rider David A. , Guérin Gérald , Georges Michael K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLiving‐radical polymerization of acrylates were performed under emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions using latexes prepared by a nanoprecipitation technique previously employed and optimized for the polymerization of styrene. A macroinitiator of poly(n‐butyl acrylate) prepared under bulk ATRP was dissolved in acetone and precipitated in an aqueous solution of Brij 98 to preform latex particles, which were then swollen with monomer and heated. Various monomers (i.e. n‐butyl acrylate, styrene, and tert‐butyl acrylate) were used to swell the particles to prepare homo‐ and block copolymers from the poly(n‐butyl acrylate) macroinitiator. Under these conditions latexes with a relatively good colloidal stability were obtained. Furthermore, amphiphilic block copolymers were prepared by hydrolysis of the tert‐butyl groups and the resulting block copolymers were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bulk morphologies of the polystyrene‐b‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate) and poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(acrylic acid) copolymers were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 625–635, 2008
Preparation of ε‐HNIW by a One‐Pot Method in Concentrated Nitric Acid from Tetraacetyldiformylhexaazaisowurtzitane
Authors: Jin Shaohua , Shu Qinghai , Chen Shusen , Shi Yanshan 
Published: December 2007

Abstractε‐HNIW was prepared by a one‐pot method in concentrated nitric acid from tetraacetyldiformylhexaazaisowurtzitane (TADFIW). γ‐HNIW was firstly obtained, then γ‐HNIW was directly transformed to ε‐HNIW in the solution in which nitration reaction occurred. The acid number of ε‐HNIW prepared by the method mentioned above is less than 0.2‰, yield of ε‐HNIW is up to 91%, and the purity of ε‐HNIW is up to 99.5%. Because steps of filtration and drying of γ‐HNIW were omitted, the process by which ε‐HNIW was prepared simplified greatly.
Detonation Measurements on Damaged LX‐04
Authors: Hsu Peter , Souers P. Clark , Chidester Steve , Alvarez John , De Haven Martin , Garza Raul , Harwood Pat , Maienschein Jon 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe have applied thermal insults on LX‐04 at 185 °C and found that the material expanded significantly, resulting in a bulk density reduction of 12%. Subsequent detonation experiments (three cylinder tests) were conducted on the thermally damaged LX‐04 samples and pristine low‐density LX‐04 samples and the results showed that the fractions reacted were close to 1.0. The thermally damaged LX‐04 and pristine low‐density LX‐04 showed detonation velocities of 7.7–7.8 mm μs−1, significantly lower than that (8.5 mm μs−1) of pristine high‐density LX‐04. Detonation energy densities for the damaged LX‐04, low‐density pristine LX‐04, and hot cylinder shot of LX‐04 were 6.48, 6.62, and 6.58 kJ cm−3, respectively, lower than the detonation energy density of 8.11 kJ cm−3 for the high density pristine LX‐04. The break‐out curves for the detonation fronts showed that the damaged LX‐04 had longer edge lags than the high density pristine LX‐04, indicating that the damaged explosive is less ideal.
Evidence for a High‐Pressure Phase Transition of ε‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) Using Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Ciezak Jennifer A. , Jenkins Timothy A. , Liu Zhenxian 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe high‐pressure response of ε‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitrohexaazaisowurtizane (CL‐20) has been examined to 27 GPa in diamond anvil cells using vibrational spectroscopy. The results reveal evidence of an ε→γ pressure‐induced phase transition between 4.1 and 6.4 GPa and suggest the existence of a γ→ζ transition near 18.7 GPa. Several Raman and infrared frequencies were found to decrease in intensity as the phase boundaries are approached. An anomalous intensity increase was noted in the CNC infrared mode that is believed to result from an increase in the Raman cross‐section due to a stronger interlayer coupling under pressure.
Comparative ecology of Ostracoda (Crustacea) in two rheocrene springs (Bolu, Turkey)
Authors: Karakaş Sarı Pınar , Külköylüoğlu Okan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA total of ten taxa belonging to the class Ostracoda of the Crustacea (Darwinula stevensoni, Candona neglecta, Cypria ophthalmica, Ilyocypris bradyi, Prionocypris zenkeri, Herpetocypris chevreuxi, Psychrodromus olivaceus, Heterocypris incongruens, Scottia pseudobrowniana, Eucypris sp.) were collected from two rheocrene Darwinula stevensoni springs (Çetin Bey and Çaygökpınar springs) on 15 separate occasions between November 2002 and November 2004. Almost all of the species identified exhibit cosmopolitan distributions – at least in the Holarctic region. The presence of Scottia pseudobrowniana represents the second recording of this species in the ostracod fauna of Turkey. The dominant taxa in both springs was Cy. ophthalmica, I. bradyi, Pr. zenkeri and Ca. neglecta. Correlation analyses suggested a significant positive relationship in relative abundance between I. bradyi, Pr. zenkeri and Cy. ophthalmica. Species composition differed significantly between the upper and lower study sites for each spring, but differences could not be detected between sites at the same elevation across sites. Environmental tolerance index (ETI) values suggest that species with high optima and tolerance ranges show cosmopolitan characteristics.
Food supply problem in Leyte, Philippines, during the Japanese Occupation (1942–44)
Authors: Ara Satoshi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article analyses the problem of food supply in Leyte, Philippines, during the Japanese occupation, which has not been studied in depth so far. It focuses on the interaction that took place among the Japanese occupying forces, anti-Japanese guerrilla groups, the Filipino collaborators, and the local residents over the procurement of foodstuffs. It also aims at clarifying the factors contributing to the disruption of the policy formulated by the Japanese and the Filipinos on the island. It is apparent in this study that the political and social characteristics in the province as well as the agricultural depression inherited from the American colonisation period brought about an outcome, which was different from the policy implemented in Manila.
ConoServer, a database for conopeptide sequences and structures
Authors: Kaas Quentin , Westermann Jan-C. , Halai Reena , Wang Conan K. L. , Craik David J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Summary: ConoServer is a new database dedicated to conopeptides, a large family of peptides found in the venom of marine snails of the genus Conus. These peptides have an exceptional diversity of sequences and chemical modifications and their ability to block ion channels makes them important as drug leads and tools for physiological studies. ConoServer uses standardized names and a genetic and structural classification scheme to present data retrieved from SwissProt, GenBank, the Protein DataBank and the literature. The ConoServer web site incorporates specialized features like the graphic display of post-translational modifications that are extensively present in conopeptides. Currently, ConoServer manages 1214 nucleic sequences (from 54 Conus species), 2258 proteic sequences (from 66 Conus species) and 99 3D structures.
Availability: http://research1t.imb.uq.edu.au/conoserver/
Contact: d.craik@imb.uq.edu.au