bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Journey of medication reconciliation compliance in a lower middle-income country: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Fatima Samar , Arshad Ainan , Zafar Amara , Farrukh Sana , Rahim Anum , Nazar Saharish , Zafar Hasnain 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThere were three main objectives of the study: to determine the overall compliance of medication reconciliation over 4 years in a tertiary care hospital, to compare the medication reconciliation compliance between paper entry (initial assessment forms) and computerised physician order entry (CPOE), and to identify the discrepancies between the medication history taken by the physician at the time of admission and those collected by the pharmacist within 24 hours of admission.MethodsThis study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in a lower middle-income country. Data were gathered from two different sources. The first source involved retrospective data obtained from the Quality and Patient Safety Department (QPSD) of the hospital, consisting of records from 8776 patients between 2018 and 2021. The second data source was also retrospective from a quality project initiated by pharmacists at the hospital. Pharmacists collected data from 1105 patients between 2020 and 2021, specifically focusing on medication history and identifying any discrepancies compared with the history documented by physicians. The collected data were then analysed using SPSS V.26.ResultsThe QPSD noted an improvement in physician-led medication reconciliation, with a rise from 32.7% in 2018 to 69.4% in 2021 in CPOE. However, pharmacist-led medication reconciliation identified a 25.4% (n=281/1105) overall discrepancy in the medication history of patients admitted from 2020 to 2021, mainly due to incomplete medication records in the initial assessment forms and CPOE. Physicians missed critical drugs in 4.9% of records; pharmacists identified and updated them.ConclusionIn a lower middle-income nation where hiring pharmacists to conduct medication reconciliation would be an additional cost burden for hospitals, encouraging physicians to record medication history more precisely would be a more workable method. However, in situations where cost is not an issue, it is recommended to adopt evidence-based practices, such as integrating clinical pharmacists to lead medication reconciliation, which is the gold standard worldwide.
Patient and healthcare professional perspectives on the Practical Guide to Implementing PROMs in Gender-Affirming Care (PG-PROM-GAC): analysis of open-ended responses from patients and healthcare professionals
Authors: Kamran Rakhshan , Jackman Liam , Laws Anna , Stepney Melissa , Harrison Conrad , Jain Abhilash , Rodrigues Jeremy 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceSeveral international calls have been made for evidence-based patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) implementation for gender-affirming care. The Practical Guide to Implementing PROMs in Gender-Affirming Care (PG-PROM-GAC) is a resource which can help guide PROM implementation efforts, developed using a three-phase participatory research approach with transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) patients and gender-affirming healthcare professionals. However, thoughts and perspectives from TGD patients and gender-affirming healthcare professionals on the PG-PROM-GAC need to be investigated.ObjectiveInvestigate patient and healthcare professional perspectives on the PG-PROM-GAC through analysis of open-ended survey results.DesignQualitative study analysing open-ended responses from TGD patients and gender-affirming healthcare professionals.SettingParticipants were recruited from a UK National Health System (NHS) gender clinic.ParticipantsPatients receiving care at an NHS gender clinic and healthcare professionals working at an NHS gender clinic were eligible for participation. Eligible participants were invited to participate in this study via email.InterventionParticipants were sent an open-ended survey to collect responses on the PG-PROM-GAC.Main outcome(s) and measure(s)Data were thematically analysed by two independent researchers and interpreted following guidance from established methods in implementation science.ResultsA total of 64 TGD patients and 9 gender-affirming healthcare professionals responded to the open-ended survey (mean (SD) age: 35 (16) and 48 (8), respectively). Four main themes emerged from the data: overall opinions and support for the PG-PROM-GAC, presentation of the PG-PROM-GAC, impact of gender clinic resources on PROM implementation and impact of PROM selection on implementation. Data were used to iterate the PG-PROM-GAC in response to participant feedback.Conclusions and relevanceThe PG-PROM-GAC is an acceptable and feasible resource that can be used by clinicians, researchers and policymakers to guide PROM implementation for gender-affirming care settings, helping to align gender-affirming care with patient needs.
Knockdown of KIF23 alleviates the progression of asthma by inhibiting pyroptosis
Authors: Rao Xingyu , Lei Zicheng , Zhu Huifang , Luo Kaiyuan , Hu Chaohua 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAsthma is a chronic disease affecting the lower respiratory tract, which can lead to death in severe cases. The cause of asthma is not fully known, so exploring its potential mechanism is necessary for the targeted therapy of asthma.MethodAsthma mouse model was established with ovalbumin (OVA). H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to detect the inflammatory response in asthma. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The role of KIF23 silencing in cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis was explored by cell counting kit-8, EdU assay and flow cytometry. Effects of KIF23 knockdown on inflammation, oxidative stress and pyroptosis were detected by ELISA and western blot. After screening KIF23-related signalling pathways, the effect of KIF23 on p53 signalling pathway was explored by western blot.ResultsIn the asthma model, the levels of caspase-3, IgG in serum and inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-1β, KC and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased. Transcriptome sequencing showed that there were 352 DEGs in the asthma model, and 7 hub genes includingKIF23were identified. Knockdown of KIF23 increased cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, inflammation and pyroptosis of BEAS-2B cells induced by IL-13 in vitro. In vivo experiments verified that knockdown ofKIF23inhibited oxidative stress, inflammation and pyroptosis to alleviate OVA-induced asthma mice. In addition, p53 signalling pathway was suppressed by KIF23 knockdown.ConclusionKnockdown of KIF23 alleviated the progression of asthma by suppressing pyroptosis and inhibited p53 signalling pathway.
Peripheral hearing loss at age 70 predicts brain atrophy and associated cognitive change
Authors: Parker Thomas D , Hardy Chris , Keuss Sarah , Coath William , Cash David M , Lu Kirsty , Nicholas Jennifer M , James Sarah-Naomi , Sudre Carole , Crutch Sebastian , Bamiou Doris-Eva , Warren Jason D , Fox Nick C , Richards Marcus , Schott Jonathan M 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundHearing loss has been proposed as a modifiable risk factor for dementia. However, the relationship between hearing, neurodegeneration, and cognitive change, and the extent to which pathological processes such as Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular disease influence these relationships, is unclear.MethodsData from 287 adults born in the same week of 1946 who underwent baseline pure tone audiometry (mean age=70.6 years) and two time point cognitive assessment/multimodal brain imaging (mean interval 2.4 years) were analysed. Hearing impairment at baseline was defined as a pure tone average of greater than 25 decibels in the best hearing ear. Rates of change for whole brain, hippocampal and ventricle volume were estimated from structural MRI using the Boundary Shift Integral. Cognition was assessed using the Pre-clinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite. Regression models were performed to evaluate how baseline hearing impairment associated with subsequent brain atrophy and cognitive decline after adjustment for a range of confounders including baseline β-amyloid deposition and white matter hyperintensity volume.Results111 out of 287 participants had hearing impairment. Compared with those with preserved hearing, hearing impaired individuals had faster rates of whole brain atrophy, and worse hearing (higher pure tone average) predicted faster rates of hippocampal atrophy. In participants with hearing impairment, faster rates of whole brain atrophy predicted greater cognitive change. All observed relationships were independent of β-amyloid deposition and white matter hyperintensity volume.ConclusionsHearing loss may influence dementia risk via pathways distinct from those typically implicated in Alzheimer’s and cerebrovascular disease in cognitively unimpaired older adults.
Outcomes of subsequent pregnancy in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wijayanto Matthew Aldo , Myrtha Risalina , Lukas Graciella Angelica , Rahma Annisa Aghnia , Hanifa Shafira Nur , Zahira Hadiqa Almas , Ilyas Muhana Fawwazy 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe primary concern for women who have experienced peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is the safety of a subsequent pregnancy (SSP). To maximie decision-making, facilitate effective patient counselling, and ultimately improve maternal and fetal outcomes as a whole, it is critical to comprehend the outcomes of SSP in women who have previously experienced PPCM. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of SSP in women with PPCM.MethodsThree databases (PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were used to identify relevant studies prior to 17 October 2023. A total of 662 studies were reviewed. Following the abstract and full-text screenings, 18 observational studies were included, out of which 2 were deemed suitable for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsThis study has a total of 487 SSPs. Although recovered left ventricular (LV) function before entering SSP has the potential to be a beneficial prognostic factor, recovered LV function still has a substantial risk of relapse. The mortality rate of PPCM in an SSP ranged from 0% to 55.5%. Persistent LV dysfunction was significantly associated with an increased mortality rate (OR 13.17; 95% CI 1.54 to 112.28; p=0.02) and lower LV ejection fraction (MD −12.88; 95% CI −21.67 to −4.09; p=0.004). Diastolic and right ventricular functions remained unchanged before SSP and at follow-up. The majority of the SSP was observed alongside hypertension, while pre-eclampsia emerged as the predominant hypertensive complication in most studies.ConclusionSSP increases the risk of relapse and mortality in women with a previous history of PPCM. Persistent LV dysfunction prior to the SSP has a higher mortality risk compared with recovered LV function. SSP was also associated with the worsening of LV echocardiography parameters.
Intelligent cholinergic white matter pathways algorithm based on U-net reflects cognitive impairment in patients with silent cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Fei Beini , Cheng Yu , Liu Ying , Zhang Guangzheng , Ge Anyan , Luo Junyi , Wu Shan , Wang He , Ding Jing , Wang Xin 
Published: April 2024

Background and objectiveThe injury of the cholinergic white matter pathway underlies cognition decline in patients with silent cerebrovascular disease (SCD) with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of vascular origin. However, the evaluation of the cholinergic white matter pathway is complex with poor consistency. We established an intelligent algorithm to evaluate WMH in the cholinergic pathway.MethodsPatients with SCD with WMH of vascular origin were enrolled. The Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS) was used to measure cholinergic white matter pathway impairment. The intelligent algorithm used a deep learning model based on convolutional neural networks to achieve WMH segmentation and CHIPS scoring. The diagnostic value of the intelligent algorithm for moderate-to-severe cholinergic pathway injury was calculated. The correlation between the WMH in the cholinergic pathway and cognitive function was analysed.ResultsA number of 464 patients with SCD were enrolled in internal training and test set. The algorithm was validated using data from an external cohort comprising 100 patients with SCD. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of the intelligent algorithm to assess moderate and severe cholinergic white matter pathway injury were 91.7%, 87.3%, 0.903 (95% CI 0.861 to 0.952) and 86.5%, 81.3%, 0.868 (95% CI 0.819 to 0.921) for the internal test set and external validation set. for the. The general cognitive function, execution function and attention showed significant differences among the three groups of different CHIPS score (all p<0.05).DiscussionWe have established the first intelligent algorithm to evaluate the cholinergic white matter pathway with good accuracy compared with the gold standard. It helps more easily assess the cognitive function in patients with SCD.
Childhood opportunity and appropriate use of child safety restraints in motor vehicle collisions
Authors: Chen Stephanie Y , Garcia Iris , Ourshalimian Shadassa , Lowery Chantel , Chaudhari Pradip P , Spurrier Ryan G 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesSafety restraints reduce injuries from motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) but are often improperly applied or not used. The Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) reflects social determinants of health and its study in pediatric trauma is limited. We hypothesized that MVC patients from low-opportunity neighborhoods are less likely to be appropriately restrained.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on children/adolescents ≤18 years old in MVCs between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2021. Patients were identified from the Children’s Hospital Los Angeles trauma registry. The outcome was safety restraint use (appropriately restrained, not appropriately restrained). COI levels by home zip codes were stratified as very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Multivariable regression controlling for age identified factors associated with safety restraint use.ResultsOf 337 patients, 73.9% were appropriately restrained and 26.1% were not appropriately restrained. Compared with appropriately restrained patients, more not appropriately restrained patients were from low-COI (26.1% vs 20.9%), high-COI (14.8% vs 10.8%) and very high-COI (10.2% vs 3.6%) neighborhoods. Multivariable analysis demonstrated no significant associations in appropriate restraint use and COI. There was a non-significant trend that children/adolescents from moderate-COI neighborhoods were more likely than those from very low-COI neighborhoods to be appropriately restrained (OR=1.82, 95% CI 0.78, 4.28).ConclusionInjury prevention initiatives focused on safety restraints should target families of children from all neighborhood types.Level of evidenceIII.
Exercise snacks are a time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness but not maximal fat oxidation in inactive adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yin Mingyue , Deng Shengji , Chen Zhili , Zhang Boyi , Zheng Huakun , Bai Mingyang , Li Hansen , Zhang Xing , Deng Jianfeng , Liu Qian , Little Jonathan P. , Li Yongming 
Published: April 2024

The aims of this study were (1) to determine how stair-climbing-based exercise snacks (ES) compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and (2) to explore whether ES could improve maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) in inactive adults. Healthy, young, inactive adults ( n: 42, age: 21.6 ± 2.3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 3.6 kg·m−2, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak): 33.6 ± 6.3 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to ES, MICT, or Control. ES ( n = 14) and MICT ( n = 13) groups performed three sessions per week over 6 weeks, while the control group ( n = 15) maintained their habitual lifestyle. ES involved 3 × 30 s “all-out” stair-climbing (6 flight, 126 steps, and 18.9 m total height) bouts separated by >1 h rest, and MICT involved 40 min × 60%–70% HRmax stationary cycling. A significant group × time interaction was found for relative VO2peak ( p < 0.05) with ES significantly increasing by 7% compared to baseline (MD = 2.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 (95% CI = 1.2, 3.7), Cohen’s d = 0.44), while MICT had no significant effects (MD = 1.0 mL·kg−1·min−1 (−1.1, 3.2), Cohen’s d = 0.17), and Control experienced a significant decrease (MD = −1.7 mL·kg−1·min−1 (−2.9, −0.4), Cohen’s d = 0.26). MFO was unchanged among the three groups (group × time interaction, p > 0.05 for all). Stair climbing-based ES are a time-efficient alternative to MICT for improving CRF among inactive adults, but the tested ES intervention appears to have limited potential to increase MFO.
Quadratic Rastall gravity: from low-mass HESS J1731−347 to high-mass PSR J0952−0607 pulsars
Authors: El Hanafy Waleed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSimilar to Rastall gravity we introduce matter-geometry nonminimal coupling which is proportional to the gradient of quadratic curvature invariants. Those are mimicking the conformal trace anomaly when backreaction of the quantum fields to a curved spacetime geometry is considered. We consider a static spherically symmetric stellar structure with anisotropic fluid and Krori-Barua metric potentials model to examine the theory. Confronting the model with NICER + XMM-Newton observational constraints on the pulsar PSR J0740$$+$$
+
6620 quantifies the amount of the nonminimal coupling via a dimensionless parameter $$\epsilon \simeq -0.01$$

ϵ
≃
-
0.01

. We verify that the conformal symmetry is broken everywhere inside the pulsar as the trace anomaly $$\varDelta >0$$

Δ
>
0

, or equivalently the trace of the stress-energy tensor $${\mathfrak {T}}<0$$

T
<
0

, whereas the adiabatic sound speed does not violate the conjecture conformal upper limit $$v_r^2/c^2 = 1/3$$

v
r
2

/

c
2

=
1
/
3

. The maximum compactness accordingly is $$C_\text {max}=0.752$$

C
max

=
0.752

which is $$4\%$$

4
%

higher than GR. Notably, if the conformal sound speed constraint is hold, observational data excludes $$\epsilon \ge 0$$

ϵ
≥
0

up to $$\ge 1.6\sigma $$

≥
1.6
σ

. The stellar model is consistent with the self-bound structure with soft linear equation of state. Investigating possible connection with MIT bag model of strange quarks sets physical bounds from microscopic physics which confirm the negative value of the parameter $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
. We estimate a radius $$R=13.21 \pm 0.96$$

R
=
13.21
±
0.96

km of the most massive observed compact star PSR J0952−0607 with $$M=2.35\pm 0.17 M_\odot $$

M
=
2.35
±
0.17

M
⊙

. Finally, we show that the corresponding mass-radius diagram fits well lowest-mass pulsar HESS J1731−347 and highest-mass pulsar PSR J0952−0607 ever observed as well as the intermediate mass range as obtained by NICER and LIGO/Virgo observations.
Evaluation of uncertainties in atomic data on spectral lines and transition probabilities
Authors: Kramida Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The present article discusses some recent advances in methods of critical evaluation of experimental data on wavelengths of spectral lines and theoretical data on transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for atoms and atomic ions. In particular, recently developed new statistical approaches to estimation of uncertainties of weighted means of multiple measurements are described, and a numerical toolbox implementing these new approaches is presented. There are also some new developments in estimation of uncertainties of theoretical transition probabilities. A short review of literature implementing these new procedures is provided, including a description of the methodology.

Graphical abstract
A Lagrangian path integral approach to the qubit
Authors: Ibort Alberto , Jiménez-Vázquez María 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA Lagrangian description of the qubit based on Schwinger’s picture of Quantum Mechanics that allows for a Feynman-like computation of its probability amplitudes is presented. The Lagrangian is a function on the groupoid that describes the qubit and at the same time determines a self-adjoint element on its associated algebra. Feynman’s paths are replaced by histories on the groupoid which form a groupoid again, and a simple method to compute the sum over all histories is discussed. The unitarity of the theory described in this way imposes quantization conditions on the parameters determining the Lagrangian, and some particular instances are solved completely.
StepNet: Spatial-temporal Part-aware Network for Isolated Sign Language Recognition
Authors: Shen Xiaolong , Zheng Zhedong , Yang Yi 
Published: April 2024

The goal of sign language recognition (SLR) is to help those who are hard of hearing or deaf overcome the communication barrier. Most existing approaches can be typically divided into two lines, i.e., Skeleton-based, and RGB-based methods, but both lines of methods have their limitations. Skeleton-based methods do not consider facial expressions, while RGB-based approaches usually ignore the fine-grained hand structure. To overcome both limitations, we propose a new framework called the Spatial-temporal Part-aware network (StepNet), based on RGB parts. As its name suggests, it is made up of two modules: Part-level Spatial Modeling and Part-level Temporal Modeling. Part-level Spatial Modeling, in particular, automatically captures the appearance-based properties, such as hands and faces, in the feature space without the use of any keypoint-level annotations. On the other hand, Part-level Temporal Modeling implicitly mines the long short-term context to capture the relevant attributes over time. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our StepNet, thanks to spatial-temporal modules, achieves competitive Top-1 Per-instance accuracy on three commonly used SLR benchmarks, i.e., 56.89% on WLASL, 77.2% on NMFs-CSL, and 77.1% on BOBSL. Additionally, the proposed method is compatible with the optical flow input and can produce superior performance if fused. For those who are hard of hearing, we hope that our work can act as a preliminary step.
ПСИХОГЕННИЙ ЧИННИК ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТ У ФІЗИЧНІЙ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ КОМБАТАНТІВ: ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Салайда І. М. , Попович Д. В. 
Published: April 2024

Мета: вивчити проблематику фізичної та медико-соціальної реабілітації учасників бойових дій в Україні, що дозволить відновити соціальні навички, усунути фіксацію свідомості на пережитих подіях та набутому з їхньої причини стані, відновити когнітивні та комунікативні функції у постраждалих у результаті військових дій.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано бібліосемантичний метод і методи контент- та структурно-логічного аналізу.
Результати. Розглянуто причини дезадаптації та нервово-психічних порушень із метою зосередження уваги на необхідності комплексної реабілітації комбатантів. Проведення реабілітаційних заходів у військовослужбовців має свої особливості, оскільки після участі в бойових діях, які супроводжувалися величезним фізичним і психологічним навантаженням, породжується потужний комбінований стрес. Після надання первинної медичної допомоги та вузькоспеціалізованого лікування у військових шпиталях комбатанти потребують фізичної та психологічної реабілітації. Це дуже важливе завдання, оскільки військовик, який отримав поранення або психічну травму в результаті бойових дій та не отримав належної реабілітації, не здатний у майбутньому ефективно вести бойові дії на полі бою або ж повноцінно повернутися до мирного життя.
Висновки. Актуальними є підготовка кваліфікованих фахівців-реабілітологів і створення комплексних високоефективних програм фізичної, медичної та психологічної реабілітації постраждалих. Багатовекторність завдань реабілітації учасників бойових дій потребує ефективного функціонування цієї системи як окремого напряму клінічної та фізичної медицини.