bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOD‐SSR: An Adaptive Seamless Phase II/III Design With Dose Optimization Decision and Sample Size Re‐estimation
Authors: Liu Meizi , Lin Jianchang , Zhang Yefei , Liu Rachael 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe adoption of seamless Phase II/III designs has grown in popularity as a strategy to potentially accelerate the drug development. Making well‐informed decisions regarding the drug's potential and addressing important clinical inquiries at the conclusion of the exploratory phase has become a critical step. In response to the increased emphasis on dose optimization, it becomes logical to integrate treatment arm/dose selections into Phase II and implement corresponding design adjustments. Within this framework, employing a fixed sample size presents challenges due to limited information availability before the trial planning and elevated development risks. Furthermore, practical and feasibility considerations have led to the increased utilization of surrogate endpoints for making interim decisions. In this study, we introduce a novel framework for a seamless Phase II/III design involving multiple treatment arms, leveraging Bayesian predictive probability of success (PPoS) for both treatment arm selection and interim sample size re‐estimation (SSR) using surrogate endpoints. The proposed design demonstrates improved performance, including a higher likelihood of selecting favorable treatment arm, increased overall statistical power, and reduced average event sizes and trial durations compared to traditional separate Phase II and III designs, as well as other seamless Phase II/III designs without SSR or of which treatment arm selection is based on conditional power. We also showcase the implementation of the proposed design through a case study in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Recent Advances in Biomass‐Derived Quantum Dots, Synthesis, and Their Applications
Authors: Nishtha  , Awasthi Deepanshu , Sarma Anil Kumar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of biomass‐derived nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, and carbon nanofibers has revolutionized multiple domains in the scientific and industrial communities. Notably, quantum dots (QDs), such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) synthesized from biomass, have garnered significant attention for their synthesis from biomass sources, marking a shift toward sustainability and eco‐friendliness. Quantum dots (QDs) are 0D type of nanoparticles whose properties typically depend on their shape, size, and the type of materials used for synthesis. This review outlines top–down and bottom–up approaches for CQD production from biomass like lignocellulosic and algal sources. It also discusses various characterization techniques focusing on optical and structural properties. Furthermore, the article elaborates on various applications of biomass‐derived CQDs, such as catalysis, supercapacitors, and drug delivery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of CQD synthesis, characterization, and versatile utility using biomass as a green and sustainable source material. This is to be noted that biomass‐derived CQDs demonstrate optical characteristics comparable to or superior to those of metal‐based CQDs, semiconductor quantum dots, and organically synthesized CQDs.
New Bis‐Acylhydrazone Supramolecular Gel and Its Application in Ultrasensitive Detection of Ni2+
Authors: Fu Shuai , Xue Lei , Deng Linlong , Gao Yunke , Cheng Yihan , Wang Haibin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStimulus‐responsive supramolecular fluorescent materials have attracted considerable attention due to their exceptional properties. In this study, a bis‐acylhydrazone based supramolecular gelator ZQ was successfully synthesized through a simple Schiff base reaction. Notably, ZQ could self‐assemble into the supramolecular gel ZQ‐G in a binary DMSO/H2O solution with the MGC of 1.5 wt% and Tgel of 98 °C. Moreover, ZQ‐G demonstrated remarkable selectivity and ultra‐sensitive sensing capabilities for Ni2+. The combining ratio of ZQ to Ni2+ was found to be 1:2, with a detection limit of 5.230 × 10−7 M and a binding constant of 6.66 × 109 M−1/2. Additionally, a supramolecular fluorescent film derived from ZQ‐G was fabricated for the detection of Ni2+, demonstrating promising prospects for practical applications.
Optoelectrochemical Study of Indole‐Quinoxaline‐Based π‐Extended Donor‐Acceptor Framework: Dual Blue and Red Fluorescent, n‐Type Material
Authors: Singh Pooja S. , Jadhav Sandeep E. , Madje Balaji R. , Chacko Sajeev , Kamble Rajesh M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of π‐extended Donor‐Acceptor (D–A) framework 6H‐indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline dyes is done using a multistep synthetic approach. Dyes are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The impact of modifications in the molecular structure of dyes onto their optoelectrochemical including aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) phenomenon are investigated. Absorption spectra demonstrate intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) maxima at 397–409 nm, reflecting weak D–A features in dyes. A wide range of emissions spanning from blue and red exhibited by dyes, originates from various energy states such as locally excited (LE) states, twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) states, and excimer emissions. In the polar media, TICT stabilization causes a change in the excimer state of emission to TICT emission. Dyes confer their suitability for numerous optoelectronic applications due to the existence of AIE activity, positive solvatochromism, good Stokes shift, thermal stability, and comparable LUMO (−3.22 to −3.30 eV) energies with commonly used n‐type materials. Nanoaggregate formation in aqueous mixture of dye 1 validated by DLS studies. A theoretical study via the Gaussian 03 program is used to rationalize experimental photophysical and electrochemical data and show nearly comparable results.
Fe2+–Persulfate–Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Coupled System for the Removal of Crystal Violet in Environmental Samples
Authors: Zaheer Zoya , Bawazir Wafa A. , Gari Yara Mamdooh , Al‐Zahrani Ghada Ahmed Attia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and persulfate (S2O82−) coupled systems are used for the generation of SO4−• radicals. CTAB solubilized the S2O82− and reduced the decomposition rate of crystal violet (CV). S2O82− was not decomposed into reactive radical species by heat in the presence of CV at 40 °C. The ferrous ion (Fe2+) activates the S2O82−, which produces reactive radical species due to the cleavage of the peroxide linkage of S2O82−. The degradation efficiency increased from 11.5% to 53.8% with Fe2+ concentration increasing from 0.2 to 1.0 mM at fixed CV and S2O82−. The kobs values decreased from 2.1 × 10−3 to 0.9 × 10−3 and 0.7 × 10−3 min−1 for ethanol and tertiary butanol (TBA), respectively, in the S2O82−–Fe2+–CTAB–CV system. The higher quench effect of ethanol than that of TBA might be due to the presence of α‐H, and SO4−• was the predominant radical species in activated S2O82− at pH 6.5. The Fe2+ ions activate the S2O82− to produce SO4−•, which might provide a potentially useful technique for the degradation of toxic water contaminants. The presence of suitable surfactant is essential for the solubilization of aromatic hydrocarbons and their destruction with SO4−• radical‐based technologies.
Efficient and Rapid Solvent‐Free Catalysis of the Biginelli Reaction by Praseodymium (III) Nitrate
Authors: Stiti Mohamed Zakaria , Habila Tahir , Khaled Ammar , Saidi Katia Mohand , Mouada Hanane , Bouhedja Mourad , Khelili Smail 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe highly effective catalysis of the Biginelli reaction has been demonstrated under solvent‐free conditions, using praseodymium (III) nitrate (Pr(NO3)3·6H2O) as a novel catalyst. Notably, this is the first instance of Pr(NO3)3·6H2O being used as a catalyst in an organic reaction. This method offers several advantages, including high yields (85%–98%), easy product isolation, shorter reaction time (ranging from 8 to 25 min), and high turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 73.5. The solvent‐free nature of the reaction aligns with green chemistry principles by minimizing environmental impact. Additionally, the absence of by‐products ensures a clean and efficient process. Owing to its simplicity and effectiveness, this approach facilitates the synthesis of substituted 3,4‐dihydropyridine‐2 (1H)‐ones/thiones which have potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Amorphous ZnO‐Fe2O3‐P2O5 Cathode Material for Zinc‐Ion Batteries and its Modification with Carbon Dots
Authors: Zhang Hanyang , Liu Feilong , Li Jianwei , Zheng Tao , Lv Jingwen , Jiang Yushuo , Guo Yanyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered extensive attention due to their high safety and low‐cost nature. However, the advancement of AZIBs is hindered by the low capacity and high cost of cathode materials. Amorphous materials, with their compositional and structural versatility, enable the optimization of their properties to meet specific requirements. In this work, amorphous xZnO‐(50‐x)Fe2O3‐ 50P2O5 (x = 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, mol%) cathode materials were employed in AZIBs to investigated the changes in the internal structure of the glass during Zn substitution for Fe and their impact on electrochemical performance. The materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS. Acid‐resistance and density tests were carried out to analyze the compactness of the materials. Moreover, bulk resistivity tests were used to explore the impact of variations in composition on conductivity. Electrochemical performance was evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge‐discharge tests. Additionally, graphene composite technology was employed to enhance electrical performance. When the graphene content ratio reached 2, the electrochemical performance was optimized, exhibiting high cycle stability (capacity stabilized at 32.83 mAh/g after 400 cycles at 50 mA/g with Coulombic efficiency approaching 100%). This indicates a promising new glass cathode for future AZIBs.
Microwave Synthesis of SnO2 Nanospheres Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste for the CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Formate
Authors: Shukla Shweta , Sahu Jyoti , Karvembu Ramasamy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTerephthalic acid (TPA) has been extracted from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, which has been used to prepare the Sn‐based catalyst precursors. The precursors were calcined to obtain SnO2 catalysts. SnO2 catalysts have been synthesized using microwave synthesizer [SnO2 (M)] and oil bath reflux setup [SnO2 (O)]. For comparison, a catalyst has been prepared without using TPA extracted from PET waste, [SnO2 (C)]. The catalysts were characterized by various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and CO2‐temperature programmed desorption (CO2 TPD) analysis. The catalysts were found to be crystalline in nature and in tetragonal rutile phase. SnO2 (M) was found to have the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 179.05 m2/g. Further, SnO2 (M) displayed stronger adsorption property towards CO2. Electrochemical characterization of the catalysts was done using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry techniques. The synthesized catalysts were explored for their performance towards CO2 electrochemical reduction to formate using a H‐shaped electrochemical cell. Among the catalysts, SnO2 (M) showed the lowest onset potential −1.41 V (versus Ag/AgCl) and highest double layer capacitance (0.0076 mF/cm2). SnO2 (M) also exhibited the highest Faradaic efficiency (FEFormate) of 78.2% in 1 h at −1.7 V (versus Ag/AgCl) with the current density of 15 mA/cm2. The catalysts were found to be electrochemically stable for 1 h.
Green‐Telescoped Synthesis of Styryl‐Substituted Pyrroloquinolines via DES Catalysis: Structural Characterization, AIE, Acidochromism, and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Mohamed Haneef Mohamed Mohideen , Nawaz Khan Fazlurrahman 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA green protocol for the telescoped synthesis of (E)‐2‐Aryl‐4‐styryl‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline‐1,3(2H)‐diones were developed, employing a well‐characterized deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a catalyst for a transition metal‐free cascade dehydrogenation and sp3 C─H functionalization to yield styryl‐heterocycles (6a–q). The structures of 6c, 6i, and 6ia were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and all products were analyzed by NMR, IR, and HR‐MS/GC‐MS. Photophysical properties were examined, with compound 6o showing high sensitivity for dual‐state TFA detection. Density functional theory (DFT) studies further supported experimental findings.
Simple Synergic Colloidal Graphite and MXene Electrode Modification for Sensitive and Cost‐Effective Voltammetric Determination of Rutin
Authors: Stoytcheva Margarita , Velkova Zdravka , Gochev Velizar , Valdez Benjamin , Curiel Mario 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study introduces a novel synergistic approach to electrode modification that combines colloidal graphite (CG) and MXenes, presenting a promising material for enhancing voltammetric detection of rutin. This innovative strategy improves electrode performance by providing high conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and ease of fabrication, while remaining cost‐effective. The CG–MXene‐modified electrode exhibited significant enhancements in charge transfer rates and electroactive surface area, facilitating efficient interaction with rutin. Its oxidation at the modified electrode was identified as a quasi‐reversible process controlled by diffusion. Under optimized conditions—specifically, a pH of 3.5 and a 5‐minute preconcentration time—rutin determination was achieved across a broad linear concentration range of 1–125 µmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.2 µmol L−1. The electrode demonstrated high reproducibility and selectivity in the presence of common excipients and vitamins. Recovery studies further validated the accuracy of the method, confirming its suitability for determining rutin in pharmaceutical products and food supplements.
Longitudinal Effect of Depression on Generalised Pathological Internet Use and the Mechanisms of This Effect: A Four‐Wave Follow‐Up of Chinese University Students
Authors: Tian Yu , Ding Hongjun , Cao Shizheng , Li Yanfang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBy employing the cognitive‐behavioural model and self‐control theory, the present study investigated the longitudinal effects of depression on GPIU. Although numerous cross‐sectional studies have investigated the association between depression and generalised pathological Internet use (GPIU), debates persist regarding the longitudinal effects of depression on GPIU. Moreover, little is known regarding the longitudinal mechanisms underlying this association. A total of 912 university students with an average age of 18.36 years (standard deviation = 0.82 years) at the time of the first survey participated in the study. They completed four assessments spaced 6 months apart over a 2‐year period. The results indicate that (i) depression can predict GPIU over time; (ii) depression can predict GPIU through the mediating effects of perceived social support, maladaptive cognitions, and self‐control over time respectively; and (iii) depression can predict GPIU through sequential mediating effects of perceived social support to self‐control over time. Additionally, the associations among studied variables were more suitable for male, urban registered residence, and low family income students. These results have implications for interventions targeting GPIU.
Enhanced CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol Using out‐of‐Plane Grown MoS2 Flakes on Amorphous Carbon Scaffold
Authors: Lin Mo , Trubyanov Maxim , Lee Han Wei , Ivanov Artemii S. , Zhou Xin , Zhang Pengxiang , Zhang Yixin , Wang Qian , Tan Gladys Shi Xuan , Novoselov Kostya S. , Andreeva Daria V. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe conversion of excess carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals is critical for achieving a sustainable society. Among various catalysts, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has demonstrated potential for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. However, its catalytic activity has yet to be fully optimized, and scalable, industrially viable production methods remain underdeveloped. In this work, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach is introduced to grow vertically oriented MoS2 crystals on an amorphous carbon template. This method enhances the exposure of vacancy‐rich basal planes, which are crucial for stable catalytic performance. The 2H‐MoS2 flakes, supported on a conductive carbon scaffold, exhibit catalytic activity, achieving a net space‐time yield of 2.68 gMeOH gcat⁻¹ h⁻¹ with a selectivity of 82.5% under mild conditions (264 °C, 10 bar). This work highlights a significant step toward the industrial application of MoS2‐based catalysts for CO2 conversion, bridging the gap between fundamental research and scalable implementation.
Coupling Built‐in Electric Field and Lewis Acid Triggers the Lattice Oxygen‐Mediated Mechanism for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Kun , Xu Hui , Huang Bingji , Xing Haoran , Jin Lei , Qian Xingyue , Chen Haiqun , He Guangyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction catalyst triggering lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM) can break the activity limitation imposed by the adsorbate evolution mechanism scaling relationship. However, triggering LOM is challenging due to the thermodynamic disadvantages associated with lattice oxygen redox reactions. Here, a Lewis acid‐modified layered double hydroxides (LDH) heterojunction catalyst (LDH/Cr2O3) is designed. The asymmetric charge distribution at the heterojunction interface, induced by the built‐in electric field, shifts the electron transfer center from the lower Hubbard band to non‐bonding oxygen, thereby activating LOM. The enrichment of OH− and the enhanced covalency of the metal‐oxygen bond by Lewis acid optimize the pH‐dependent and high‐energy consumption during the hydroxyl (OH*) deprotonation process of LOM. Furthermore, the activation of lattice oxygen and accelerated OH* deprotonation facilitate the surface reconstruction of LDH. Consequently, the LDH/Cr2O3 exhibits excellent catalytic activity, with an overpotential of only 237 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte. The catalyst maintains excellent activity in simulated seawater and 0.1 m KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, it demonstrates outstanding practical functionality, as the assembled commercial‐scale alkaline electrolyzer operates stably for 50 h. This work may provide new approaches and theoretical insights for triggering and optimizing LOM.
Construction of Computer Network Security Monitoring Platform Based on Intelligent Sensor Technology
Authors: He Guoliang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAs computer networks become ubiquitous, ensuring their security has become a critical concern. Existing network security monitoring systems still face challenges, including network intrusions and data loss. Therefore, the security of some confidential information and files has decreased and a new type of computer network security monitoring platform inevitably emerges. This paper constructs the computer network security monitoring platform from the aspects of network architecture design, intelligent sensor selection and deployment, monitoring server establishment, and system monitoring maintenance, analyzes the fitness function of the computer network security monitoring platform combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, and evaluates the resource utilization, data storage capacity, and other performance of the platform in the experiment. In the experiment, it was found that the resource utilization and data storage capacity of the computer network security monitoring platform under intelligent sensors have significantly improved. Results demonstrate significant improvements with the introduction of intelligent sensors. Specifically, resource utilization increased by 12% and data storage capacity improved by 11%, highlighting the effectiveness of intelligent sensors in enhancing platform performance. Additionally, tests on the platform's processing capabilities revealed a 62% reduction in response time compared to traditional systems, with response times ranging from 0.23 to 0.50 s. Intelligent sensor technology is of great significance in improving the reliability and fault tolerance of computer network security monitoring platforms.
Transformative Services and Systemic Well‐Being—Towards a Better Understanding of Distinction in Service Design
Authors: Bakrim Asma , Fritzsche Albrecht 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTransformative service research studies the relationship between service provision and well‐being. So far, the notion of well‐being applied in this context is mainly directed at specific interventions to improve the customer's situation. We propose that well‐being should rather be conceptualized from a systemic point of view, referring to the ability of a system to sustain a floating equilibrium over time. Social systems theory posits that floating equilibria rely on distinction as a basic social operation to adapt boundaries and revise interactions as systems evolve. Based on this thought, we study the treatment of distinction in transformative services. We identify five different forms of distinction that need close attention in the practice of service design, its external assessment and regulation, and storytelling about services. We illustrate problems of well‐being resulting from distinction with examples from different application contexts in which service interventions are critically discussed. Furthermore, we raise a variety of questions that can help gaining a better understanding of service design for customer well‐being from a systemic perspective in theory and practice.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanoparticles From Lotus Root Starches by Ultrasonic‐Assisted Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Hongjuan , Mao Yupeng , Song Jiangfeng , Wu Caie , Yang Runqiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLotus root starch nanoparticles (LRSNPs) were prepared by an ultrasonic‐assisted nanoprecipitation method, and their structure and physicochemical properties were characterized. The optimal preparation process for LRSNPs was predicted through single‐factor experiments and response surface methodology as follows: an ultrasonic power of 500 W, an ethanol/starch solution volume ratio of 10:1, and a starch solution concentration of 3%. The particle size of LRSNPs prepared under these conditions was 215.92 nm, which was smaller than that obtained by both nanoprecipitation and enzymatic hydrolysis regeneration methods. After ultrasonic nanomaterialization, the structure of lotus root starch (LRS) was disrupted, the short‐range ordering was reduced, and the crystal structure changed from B‐type to V‐type. Compared with corn starch nanoparticles (CSNPs) and potato starch nanoparticles (PSNPs), LRSNPs exhibited higher solubility and swelling capacity at 50–60°C, and its transparency was significantly enhanced. Moreover, LRSNPs had a faster digestion rate in a simulated intestinal environment, and their rapidly digestible starch content was significantly higher than that of CSNPs and PSNPs. This study provided a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of LRS.