bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cementing Under Pressure in Well-Kill Operations: A Case History From the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Johnstone Kristian , Gill Alex , Conlon Tom , Bahr Mahdy , Waheed Arshad 
Published: July 2008

Summary
Well control can be an unpleasant experience. In its initial stages the problem often appears unconquerable and weeks can pass without progress.
This paper is about the successful abandonment of such an episode of well control, in deepwater (i.e. greater than 300 m water depth), that was initially suspended with a closed-in subsea BOP. The BOP held in place a sheared 5-in. drillpipe that had been intermittently blowing dry gas and formation cuttings to the rig floor for 20 days.
The objective of the well-recovery operations was to re-enter the well and properly abandon it without creating another uncontrolled situation. All operations were to be conducted in compliance with HSE protocols.
It was paramount to have total control of the well at all times necessitating two BOP stacks. This contingency resulted in the suspension of a heavy load on the seabed, subject to excessive bending moments during bad weather. The well head arrangement was essential but the time loss caused by weather conditions was becoming intolerable. New and innovative plans made during the well-control operations cut 3 to 4 weeks of uninterrupted operation down to 5 days of operation. Cementing under pressure was the key abandoning solution. Several scenarios were drawn up for this eventuality and this paper elaborates on the decisions, choices, and solutions made during the final abandonment operation.
Measuring and Predicting Dynamic Sag
Authors: Murphy Robert , Jamison Dale , Hemphill Terry , Bell Stephen , Albrecht Carl 
Published: July 2008

Summary
Weighting-material sag is a reoccurring problem with many oil-based drilling fluids. Attempts to correlate sag tendencies to various rheological properties commonly used to benchmark drilling fluids have had limited success in prevention and anticipation of sag problems in the field. This paper presents a new testing apparatus for dynamic and static settling-rate (sag) measurements, which has proved to provide a better understanding of the sag phenomena and a better means to characterize fluid performance. This apparatus greatly expands the precision of sag measurements over previous techniques and allows testing conditions similar to those experienced downhole. Good correlation has been found between settling-rate measurements and performance of drilling fluids in the field.
Universal Process for Benchmarking Drilling Fluid Performance
Authors: Zamora Mario , McGlaughlin Judith 
Published: July 2008

Summary
A process has been developed to evaluate drilling fluid cost performance for a wide range of planning, intervention, and quality improvement activities. Meant to be universally applicable, the innovative process permits comparisons between similar and dissimilar wells drilled in the same or different global regions. It also can be used to contrast drilling fluid cost performance with operator-driven quality indicators to classify wells for front-end loading requirements for planning and to monitor actual-vs.-planned performance during drilling.
Methods normally used for drilling performance are not well-suited for benchmarking drilling-fluid performance. The approach introduced in this paper is based on a simple ratio that compares mud cost of a well to a corresponding technical limit. The technical-limit relationship, which uses a profile index to characterize well complexity, was derived empirically from a large internal database representing a wide assortment of well types, drilling conditions, and locations.
This paper describes the development and implementation of this process. Several case studies are presented to demonstrate specific applications. Although the process was developed strictly for internal use, full implementation details are provided to encourage its use by others in the industry involved with service-quality initiatives.
Rapid Planning and Execution of the First Multilateral Well in the Gulf of Thailand: Results and Lessons Learned
Authors: Upchurch Eric R. , Dooley Paul A. , Hall Kenneth H. , Laohaburanakit Songklod , Maroongroge Vichai , McKee L. Douglas , Nucharoen Panaratn , Wagner Michael R. 
Published: July 2008

Summary
In early 2006, Chevron International E&P drilled and completed the first multilateral well in the Gulf of Thailand. Routine development drilling in the Kaphong field of the Pattani basin unexpectedly discovered two production horizons that possessed reservoir characteristics and sufficient oil reserves to make each a viable horizontal-well candidate. At the time, however, only a single drilling slot was available on the platform; thus, dictating that only one wellbore could be drilled to tap both reservoirs. Further complicating the problem was that the drilling rig that discovered the horizons would be moving to a new platform 5 weeks after it was understood by reservoir engineers, geologists, and geophysicists that multiple horizontal-well candidates existed.
This paper chronicles the rapid processes that took place to evaluate, plan, and execute the first multilateral well in the Gulf of Thailand. More importantly, this paper captures the unintended consequences (both good and bad) that came with executing this project so quickly. This includes an analysis of how decision making, project planning, and ultimate execution where affected by the short time window available. From this, we discuss lessons learned that may be universally applicable when rapidly expanding the use of technology in a remote region of the world (regardless of how small that expansion is).
Connection Performance Evaluation for Casing-Drilling Application
Authors: Lu Qing , Hannahs Dan , Wu Jiang , Langford Steve 
Published: July 2008

Summary
With the evolution of casing-drilling technology, connections are subjected to increasingly stringent well conditions. These conditions include higher pressures, higher temperatures, and higher mechanical loads for longer drilling periods. As a result, the performance of the connector under these conditions is of increasing concern. Most recent casing connection evaluation test programs are based on International Standards Organization (ISO) 13679 (2002) requirements. However, API RP7 (1998) is the dominant testing program for drill stem applications. Because casing-drilling applications combine drilling and casing concerns, a new test protocol is required to adequately characterize connection performance (Hegler et al. 2004).
A better understanding of how connection tolerances impact connection performance under combinations of static and dynamic loading aids in connector selection and allows the technology to be used in broader casing-drilling applications. As part of the proposed test program, the static and dynamic connector performances are evaluated individually to benchmark the design. Based on these evaluations, additional testing was conducted to determine the connector static capacity after dynamic loading. This testing demonstrates the connector performance when used in casing-drilling applications.
This proposed testing protocol can be used to better define connector performance limits when used in casing-drilling applications leading to increased operational safety and lower overall risks. This paper includes results, observations, and conclusions from a subject test conducted in accordance with the proposed testing protocol on a 9-5/8-inch 53.50-ppf P-110 casing-drilling connector.
Correlations and Analysis of Cuttings Transport With Aerated Fluids in Deviated Wells
Authors: Avila R. , Pereira E. , Miska S. , Takach N. , Saasen A. 
Published: July 2008

Summary
A study of cuttings transport at intermediate inclinations using aerated fluid, to determine the amount of solids that exist in the wellbore and minimum flow requirements for "clean-hole" condition, is presented. The experimental program included more than 300 tests, performed with a large-scale facility [100-ft-long flow loop with 8-in. outer diameter (OD) casing and 4.5-in.-OD drillpipe]. The angles of test section inclination were 30°, 45°, and 60° from vertical. Four pipe-rotational speeds (0, 40, 80, and 110 rpm) were used for different liquid-and gas-flow-rate combinations. New correlations were found to estimate the required critical-gas-flow rates for hole cleaning at specified liquid-flow rate and drillpipe-rotation combinations, and to predict volumetric cuttings concentration as a function of air and water flow rate, drillpipe-rotational speed, and inclination angle.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Mental Health Self‐Help
Authors: Brown Louis D. , Shepherd Matthew D. , Wituk Scott A. , Meissen Greg 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSince the 1950s, people with mental illness and their families have been organizing a wide range of self‐directed, mutual support oriented initiatives, including self‐help groups, nonprofit organizations, and businesses. These initiatives have become increasingly widespread over the years and today mental health self‐help initiatives outnumber traditional mental health organizations in the United States (Goldstrom et al., Admin Policy Mental Health Mental Health Serv Res 33:92–103, 2006). Mental health self‐help embodies much of what community psychologists promote, including the self‐directed organization of people to create social change and facilitate personal transformation. This special issue provides new insight into several prominent areas of inquiry surrounding these low‐cost interventions including: (1) their evidence base; (2) the processes by which people benefit; (3) how they interface with the mental health system; and (4) the value dilemmas they face.
Photocytotoxicity of mTHPC (Temoporfin) Loaded Polymeric Micelles Mediated by Lipase Catalyzed Degradation
Authors: Hofman Jan-Willem , Carstens Myrra G. , van Zeeland Femke , Helwig Conny , Flesch Frits M. , Hennink Wim E. , van Nostrum Cornelus F. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Purpose
To study the in vitro photocytotoxicity and cellular uptake of biodegradable polymeric micelles loaded with the photosensitizer mTHPC, including the effect of lipase-catalyzed micelle degradation.

Methods
Micelles of mPEG750-b-oligo(ɛ-caprolactone)5 (mPEG750-b-OCL5) with a hydroxyl (OH), benzoyl (Bz) or naphthoyl (Np) end group were formed and loaded with mTHPC by the film hydration method. The cellular uptake of the loaded micelles, and their photocytotoxicity on human neck squamous carcinoma cells in the absence and presence of lipase were compared with free and liposomal mTHPC (Fospeg®).

Results
Micelles composed of mPEG750-b-OCL5 with benzoyl and naphtoyl end groups had the highest loading capacity up to 30% (w/w), likely due to π–π interactions between the aromatic end group and the photosensitizer. MTHPC-loaded benzoylated micelles (0.5 mg/mL polymer) did not display photocytotoxicity or any mTHPC-uptake by the cells, in contrast to free and liposomal mTHPC. After dilution of the micelles below the critical aggregation concentration (CAC), or after micelle degradation by lipase, photocytotoxicity and cellular uptake of mTHPC were restored.

Conclusion
The high loading capacity of the micelles, the high stability of mTHPC-loaded micelles above the CAC, and the lipase-induced release of the photosensitizer makes these micelles very promising carriers for photodynamic therapy in vivo.
The Identification and Quantification of Steryl Glucosides in Precipitates from Commercial Biodiesel
Authors: Moreau Robert A. , Scott Karen M. , Haas Michael J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThere have been several discoveries of unexpected precipitates in manufacturing facilities, transport vessels, and storage tanks containing commercial biodiesel. In some cases these have been formed during storage at temperatures above the cloud point of the fuel. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) methods were applied to 24 field receipt samples of solids from such biodiesels. The analyses revealed the presence of steryl glucosides (SG), common phytosterols (plant sterol) found in crude soybean oil and many other plant materials, in these biodiesel precipitates. Quantitative analysis of the solids revealed SG concentrations as high as 68 wt% of the provided material (which had not been previously washed with solvent to remove entrained biodiesel). In some samples no SG were present. In others they constituted all of the non‐biodiesel material present. Monacylglycerols and diacylglycerols, the products of incomplete transesterification of triacylglycerols, were also present in some samples. The normal phase and reverse phase methods described in this report could be used to analyze SG quantitatively from biodiesel precipitates with an HPLC instrument equipped with either an evaporative light‐scattering detector (ELSD) or a more common UV detector operating at 205 nm.
Combination of bone tissue engineering and BMP‐2 gene transfection promotes bone healing in osteoporotic rats
Authors: Tang Youchao , Tang Wei , Lin Yunfeng , Long Jie , Wang Hang , Liu Lei , Tian Weidong 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to develop a feasible approach to promote bone healing in osteoporotic rats using autogenous bone tissue‐engineering and gene transfection of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP‐2).Methods: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from the left tibia of osteoporotic rats were transfected with the hBMP‐2 gene in vitro which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and Western blotting. Autogenous transfected or untransfected BMSCs were seeded on macroporous coral hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds. Each cell‐scaffold construct was implanted into a defect site which was created in the ramus of the mandible of osteoporotic rats. Four or eight weeks after implantation in situ hybridization was performed in BMSCs transfected with hBMP‐2, X‐ray examinations, histological and histomorphological analyses were used to evaluate the effect of tissue‐engineered bone on osseous defect repair.Results: Newly formed bone was observed at the margin of the defect 4 weeks after implantation with BMSCs transfected with BMP‐2. Mature bone was observed 8 weeks after treatment. In the control group there was considerably less new bone and some adipose tissue was observed at the defect margins 8 weeks after implantation.Conclusions: Autogenous cells transfected with hBMP‐2 promote bone formation in osteoporotic rats. BMSC‐mediated BMP‐2 gene therapy used in conjunction with bone tissue engineering may be used to successfully treat bone defects in osteoporotic rats. This method provides a powerful tool for bone regeneration and other tissue engineering.
Proactive planning for catastrophic events in supply chains
Authors: Knemeyer A. Michael , Zinn Walter , Eroglu Cuneyt 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSupply chains are increasingly vulnerable to catastrophic events such as hurricanes or terrorist attacks. This is not only true because firms are more exposed to catastrophes, but also the result of investments made in recent years to operate supply chains with fewer human and capital resources, especially inventory. Consequently, there is today less “slack” available in supply chains to deal with catastrophic events. Thus, proactively planning for these types of events should be a priority for supply chain managers. A catastrophic event has a very low probability of occurrence but has significant consequences if it does occur. The goal of this research is to develop a process to proactively plan for catastrophic risk events through an integration of diverse research streams related to the management of risk. In particular, the proposed process builds upon an existing risk analysis framework by incorporating an innovative methodology used by the insurance industry to quantify the risk of multiple types of catastrophic events on key supply chain locations.
Estimation of additive genetic and environmental sources of quantitative trait variation using data on married couples and their siblings
Authors: KULATHINAL SANGITA , GASBARRA DARIO , KINRA SANJAY , EBRAHIM SHAH , SILLANPÄÄ MIKKO J. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryTwin studies have been used to understand the sources of genetic and environmental variation in body height, body weight and other common human quantitative traits. However, it is rather unclear whether these two sources of variation could be really separated in practice. Here, we consider a special study design where phenotype data from married couples and their siblings have been collected. The marital status gives information about the shared environment, while siblings give information about both genetic and environmental variation. To dissect sources of variation and to allow some deviations and pedigree errors in the data, we model such data using a robust polygenic model with finite genome length assumption. As a summary, we provide the estimates for age-dependent proportions of total variation which are due to polygenic and environmental effects. Here, these estimates are provided for body height, weight, systolic blood pressure and total serum cholesterol measured from subjects of the Indian Migration Study.
Unequal segregation ofSRKalleles at theSlocus inBrassica cretica
Authors: EDH KRISTINA , WIDÉN BJÖRN , CEPLITIS ALF 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn the Brassicaceae plant family, which includes theArabidopsisandBrassicagenera, self-incompatibility (SI) is controlled by genes at theSlocus. Using experimental crosses, we studied the pattern of inheritance ofS-locus alleles in the wild speciesBrassica cretica. Four full-sib families were established and unequal segregation of alleles at theSRKSI gene was found in one family. The segregation distortion acted in favour of a recessive (class II) allele and was best explained by some form of gametic-level selection. Our findings are discussed in the light of theoretical predictions of differential accumulation of deleterious mutations amongS-locus alleles.
Anisakid parasites of the pouting (Trisopterus luscus) from the Cantabrian Sea coast, Bay of Biscay, Spain
Authors: Rello F.J. , Valero A. , Adroher F.J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn epidemiological survey was undertaken of anisakids in 139 specimens (length: 13.2–24.5 cm) of pouting or bib (Trisopterus luscus) captured off the coast of northern Spain in the Cantabrian Sea. Third-stage larvae of two species of nematodes,Anisakislarvae type I andHysterothylacium aduncum, were isolated. One adult femaleH. aduncumwas also detected in the intestine of one pouting. Total prevalence of anisakids was 88.5%.Hysterothylacium aduncumandAnisakisshowed, respectively, prevalence of 87.8% and 22.3%, mean intensity of 19.7 and 3.5, and mean abundance of 17.3 and 0.8. Analysis of infection parameters as a function of host length revealed a much higher prevalence in pouting specimens with length < 20 cm (94.4% forH. aduncum; 28.0% forAnisakis) than in those with length ≥ 20 cm (65.6% forH. aduncum; 3.1% forAnisakis). The high mean intensity ofAnisakisin muscle of parasitized pouting (5.9) may pose human health risks, although these are minimized by eating only thoroughly cooked pouting, as is the custom in Spain.
Helminth communities of the ruddScardinius erythrophthalmus(Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) from Srebarna Biosphere Reserve, Bulgaria
Authors: Shukerova S.A. , Kirin D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA total of 180 individuals ofScardinius erythrophthalmusfrom Srebarna Lake, north-east Bulgaria, were examined for helminth parasites during spring, summer and autumn of 2005–2006 (30 specimens per season). Helminth parasites were recorded in 166 individuals (92.2%). Ten helminth species were found: trematodes – metacercariae ofPosthodiplostomum cuticola,DiplostomumchromatophorumandD. spathaceum; monogeneans –Dactylogyrus difformis,D. difformoidesandDiplozoon scardinii; cestodes – metacestodes ofParadilepis scolecina; nematodes – larvae ofSpiroxys contortusandRhabdochona denudataand adults ofSchulmanela petruschewskii. Significant seasonal differences in the mean abundance were recorded forD. difformis, D. difformoidesandD. scardinii. Significant seasonal differences in prevalence were recorded forP. cuticola,D. difformis,D. difformoidesandD. scardinii. Dominant species in the component communities wereP. cuticola,D. difformisandD. difformoides. The species composition of the component community essentially differs from that in the adjacent Danube River; a possible reason is the specific hydrobiological situation of the lake, characterized by a low density of benthic molluscs and crustaceans.
Atla, a new genus in the Verrucariaceae ( Verrucariales)
Authors: SAVIĆ Sanja , TIBELL Leif 
Published: July 2008

Abstract:The new genus Atla forms a well-supported clade in a molecular phylogeny based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and LSU regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The genus has a crustose thallus, a hamathecium at maturity without hyphal elements except for pseudoparaphyses remaining at the ostiolum, and large, muriform spores. Atla wheldonii was previously referred to Polyblastia. Three new species, A. alpina (the type of the new genus), A. palicei and A. praetermissa, are included in the genus and described here as new to science. They were found on calcareous rocks and soil in Northern Scandinavia; A. alpina also occurs in Central Europe, and A. wheldonii likewise in Central Europe, the Pyrenées and in the British Isles. An identification key to the species and a revision of the genus are also provided.
Three new species of lichenized fungi with cephalodia from the southern New Zealand shelf islands (Campbell Plateau)
Authors: FRYDAY Alan M. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract:The new species Miriquidica effigurata, M. squamulosa and Pertusaria stellata are described from the southern subpolar region from collections made by Henry Imshaug and co-workers in the early 1970s. All three species occur on Campbell Island, New Zealand, with M. effigurata and P. stellata also occurring on the Auckland Islands, New Zealand, and P. stellata also being reported from Isla Desolación in southern Chile. Miriquidica effigurata and M. squamulosa are similar to M. complanata but have apothecia with a dark (K+ purple-red) lower hypothecium and thalli containing confluentic acid and norstictic acid respectively. Pertusaria stellata is similar to P. macloviana, but has shorter ascospores and a smoother, generally paler thallus lacking papillate isidia. Cephalodia are reported for the first time in both Miriquidica and Pertusaria.
Protoparmelia capitata sp. nov., and P. isidiata Diederich, Aptroot & Sérus., two species of Protoparmelia ( Lecanorales, Ascomycota) from south-eastern North America
Authors: LENDEMER James C. , LUMBSCH H. Thorsten 
Published: July 2008

Abstract:Protoparmelia capitata Lendemer, a sorediate species, is described as new to science. It is characterized by having large hemispherical soralia. Protoparmelia isidiata Diederich, Aptroot &amp; Sérus., an isidiate species, is reported for the first time from North America. Both taxa produce alectoronic acid, and are shown to be widespread in sub-tropical portions of south-eastern North America. The placement of these two taxa in Protoparmelia is supported by a phylogenetic study of mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences.
Can a Secularist Appreciate Religious Music?
Authors: Putman Daniel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDavid Pugmire has argued that secularists can genuinely appreciate religious music because of our imaginative powers combined with the ‘Platonic’ nature of the emotions expressed in such music. I argue that Pugmire is wrong on both counts. Religious music is ‘Platonic’ not because it is subject to levels of imagination but because it has a definite object which makes imaginative readings inferior. Moreover, since religious music does have a clear object taken by the believer as real, a gap exists that cannot be bridged by the imagination of the secularist, even imagination of the emotional ‘last instance’.