bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the hetrazepinoic platelet‐activating factor antagonist bepafant (WEB 2170) in models of active and passive anaphylaxis in mice and guinea pigs
Authors: Heuer H. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe selective hetrazepinoic platelet‐activating factor (PAF) antagonist WEB 2170 (Bepafant) was used to study the pathophysiological role of PAF in several models of anaphylaxis in mice and guinea pigs. In actively sensitized mice, the PAF antagonist WEB 2170 (1.0–10 mg/kgp.o.) protected mice from anaphylactic death in a dosedependent manner when the anaphylactic response was potentiated by the beta‐receptor antagonist propranolol. When active anaphylaxis in guinea pigs was induced intravenously by 100 mg/kg ovalbumin (OA) in the presence of small doses of the antihistamine mepyramine, additional treatment with oral or intravenous WEB 2170 protected the guinea pigs from anaphylactic death. Also, the remaining anaphylactic bronchoconstriction and blood pressure changes (including anaphylactic hypotension) were attenuated. When guinea pigs were passively sensitized with a heterologous antibodyvia the tracheal route and then challenged by ovalbumin (100 mg/kgi.v.) 24 hr after sensitization in the presence of 0.003 mg/kgi.v. mepyramine, additional treatment with tracheal WEB 2170 at 0.1–1 mg/kg protected the guinea pigs dosedependently not only from anaphylactic death but also from a further decrease of respiratory flow and changes of blood pressure. Increased levels of PAF‐like activity (20–50 ng PAF/whole lung) were detected in lungs removed from antigen‐challenged animals. The results suggest a causative role for PAF in active and passive anaphylaxis.
Effect of a selective PAF antagonist SM‐10661 ((±)‐cis‐3,5‐dimethyl‐2‐(3‐pyridyl)thiazolidin‐4‐one HCl) on experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Authors: Imanishi Noriaki , Komuro Yoshihiro , Morooka Shigeaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntravenous infusion of endotoxin (0.25 mg/kg/hr for 4 hr) was shown to induce disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in rats, which resulted in hypofibrinogenemia, prolongation of prothrombin (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT), thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP). Oral administration (100 mg/kg) of the selective PAF antagonist, SM‐10661 ((±)‐cis‐3,5‐dimethyl‐2‐(3‐pyridyl)thiazolidin‐4‐one HCl), counteracted the changes caused by the endotoxin. Intravenous infusion of SM‐10661 (6mg/kg bolus 2 min before endotoxin infusion+6 mg/kg/hr for 4 hr infusion) also counteracted DIC. When suboptimal doses of gabexate mesilate, a synthetic protease inhibitor (3 mg/kg i.p.), and SM‐10661 (2 mg/kg bolus + 2 mg/kg/hr for 4 hr infusion) were administered concomitantly, hematological parameters improved. The results suggest that PAF may play a role in the pathogenesis of DIC, and that together with the results already reported for other PAF antagonists, SM‐10661 may be useful in the treatment of DIC.
Effect of PAF‐acether antagonists on active anaphylactic mouse paw edema
Authors: Amorim Claudia Zuany , de Oliveira Henriques Maria das Graças Muller , Weg Vivian Baseches , Balão Cordeiro Renato Sérgio , Vargaffig B. Boris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new model of active anaphylactic reaction in mice was developed. The edematogenic reaction appeared 5 min after the intraplantar injection of ovalbumin, peaked at 30 min after the antigenic challenge, and decreased there‐after. Using the non‐steroidal, anti‐inflammatory agents indomethacin and aspirin, we found that cyclooxygenase products do not participate in the reaction. In contrast, vasoactive amines appear to be involved, because meclizine and methysergide reduced the edema. Dexamethasone, BW755C, LY 171883 and WEB 2170 effectively interfered with the edematogenic reaction, which suggests that lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and PAF play a role in the active anaphylactic response.
Pooling of blood in postischemic shock is modulated by platelet‐activating factor (PAF)
Authors: Sagach V. F. , Dmitrieva A. V. , Braquet P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn experiments on dogs,i.v. administration of platelet‐activating factor (PAF) (500 ng/kg) was shown to induce hypotension which, apart from decreased myocardial contractility, was characterized by blood pooling in veins (82.6±6.8 mL/kg). This was accompanied by restriction of venous return to the heart and reduction of cardiac output (CO). During postischemic shock the cardio‐ and hemodynamic disturbances were similar to those induced byi.v. administration of PAF. In the postischemic shock model, preliminary blockage of PAF receptors with the PAF receptor antagonist BN 52021 (6 mg/kg,i.v.) significantly decreased the amount of blood pooled in shock from 38.7±5 to 18.3±2 mL/kg (p<0.01). Simultaneously, the reduction of CO and blood pressure, induced by reperfusion of the continuously ischemized tissues of a rear limb, was less significant in pretreatedvs. the nontreated group. The data suggest that PAF may be involved in postischemic blood pooling and that PAF antagonists could be used to correct postischemic cardio‐ and hemodynamic disturbances.
Induction of platelet‐activating factor in mice by intravenous administration of a neutral fraction of bakers' yeast mannan
Authors: Mikami Takeshi , Fukushi Ken , Ishitani Miki , Ishitani Kouki , Suzuki Shigeo , Suzuki Masuko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA neutral subfraction of mannan of bakers' yeast (WNM) was found to show a lethal effect in mice when administered intravenously. Symptoms caused by intravenous (i.v.) administration of WNM resembled those resulting from the administration of platelet‐activating factor (PAF). CV‐3988 and ONO‐6240, selective PAF antagonists, prevented hypotension and death caused by the administration of WNM or PAF. A β‐adrenoceptor agonist was shown to prevent death caused by WNM, whereas propranolol increased the lethal activity of WNM. Intravenous administration of WNM into mice produced PAF in gall bladder fluid which was determined by platelet aggregation assay. The findings indicate that WNM is able to induce PAF in mice and that the resultant PAF may participate in the WNM‐induced lethal activity observed in mice.
Hexadecylphosphocholine: Preclinical and the first clinical results of a new antitumor drug
Authors: Unger Clemens , Eibl Hansjörg 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDose‐response studies on cytotoxic alkyl lysophospholipids with various chemical structures revealed that a long alkyl chain and a polar group are essential for antitumor activity. The combination of both the long alkyl chain and a phosphocholine group thus results in alkyl phosphocholines. Preclinical, studies with hexadecylphosphocholine (He‐PC) as a representative compound indicate distinct antineoplastic activity on leukemia cells of human origin. He‐PC is highly effective in inhibiting the growth of chemically induced rat mammary carcinomas. Even more striking is the fact that a high percentage of the tumors regressed completely. In a clinical phase I trial on breast cancer patients with local recurrences, topically applied He‐PC resulted in regression of skin metastases. A phase II trial for topical treatment and a phase I trial for orally applied He‐PC have been initiated to further evaluate the antitumoral activity of this new compound.
Comparison of selective cytotoxicity of alkyl lysophospholipids
Authors: Vogler W. R. , Olson A. C. , Okamoto S. , Shoji M. , Raynor R. L. , Kuo J. F. , Berdel W. E. , Eibl H. , Hajdu J. , Nomura H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlkyl lysophospholipids have been shown to be cytooxic to a number of neoplastic tissues. One, ET‐18‐OCH3, has been used to selectively purge leukemic cells from mixtures with normal marrow progenitor cells,in vitro andin vivo. We have measured the 50% inhibitory (IC50) effect of a series of ether, lipids (EL) on leukemic cells (HL60, K562, Daudi, KG‐1, KG‐1a) and normal marrow progenitor cells. Cells were incubated with varying concentrations of EL for 4 hr and assayed for viability, [3H]thymidine incorporation and clonogenicity in semi‐solid media. The effect on protein kinase C (PKC) activity was assayed for each compound. Compounds tested included three glycerophosphocholine analogs‐ET‐18‐OCH3, ET‐16‐NHCOCH3, and BM 41.440. In addition, a lipoidal amine, CP 46665, an ethyleneglycolphospholipid, AEPL, and four single chain alkylphosphocholine analogs, HePC2, HePC3, HePC4 and HePC6 were also tested. During the period of incubation, the cells remained viable (>70%) as judged by trypan blue dye exclusion. The glycerophosphocholines were the most active and showed the highest therapeutic index. The lipoidal amine was active, but toxic to normal marrow progenitor cells. The ethyleneglycolphospholipid was active against HL60, but not against the other cell lines. The single chain alkylphosphocholine analogs were less active. All of the compounds inhibited PKC activity; however, the glycerophosphocholines were the most inhibitory.
Gas‐liquid chromatographic analysis of monoglycerides as their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives
Authors: Wood R. D. , Raju P. K. , Reiser Raymond 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA quantitative method is described for the rapid gas‐liquid chromatographic analysis of monoglycerides of long chain fatty acids as their trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives. The TMS derivatives are formed rapidly and quantitatively at room temp without isomerization. The TMS derivatives of 1‐ and 2‐monoglycerides may be separated on polyester columns, which can also be used for the analysis of methyl esters. A mixture of the 1‐ and 2‐isomers of monopalmitin and monoolein was quantitatively analyzed. A mixture of monocaprin, monolaurin, monomyristin, monopalmitin and monosterin was also analyzed. A mixture of 1‐monostearin, 1‐monoolein and 1‐monolinolein was also resolved. The analyses were carried out on packed and large bore capillary columns of diethylene glycol succinate polyester (DEGS) and Apiezon L. Capillary columns that required the use of a splitter were nonquantitative, resulting from what appeared to be fractionation at the splitter. Acid conditions, including those provoked by the use of phosphoric acid stabilized polyesters, cleaved the TMS derivatives to yield the original hydroxy compound.
Branched chain fatty acids and sulfonated derivatives
Authors: Ault W. C. , Micich T. J. , Stirton A. J. , Bistline R. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral 2‐alkyl fatty acids containing 18舑21 carbon atoms, were synthesized by tertiary butyl peroxide catalyzed addition of linear aliphatic carboxylic acids to normal terminal olefins. The products obtained in 35舑70% yields were purified by fractional distillation. The acids were sulfonated with sulfur trioxide dioxane adduct and isolated as the disodium salts in 60舑80% yields.urn:x-wiley:0003021X:media:aocs0233:equation:aocs0233-math-0001Surface active properties of the sodium salts of the 2‐alkyl carboxylic acids and the corresponding sulfonated products were evaluated. Good wetting properties were observed for those sulfonated acids where the hydrophilic portion of the molecule was equidistant from the ends of the hydrocarbon chain.
Alkaline isomerization of methyl crepenynate
Authors: Mikolajczak K. L. , Bagby M. O. , Wolff I. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMethyl crepenynate (methyl‐cis‐9‐octadecen‐12‐ynoate) is readily isomerized by potassium hydroxide in ethylene glycol to an 8,10,12‐octadecatrienoic acid in good yield. A reaction carried out at 120C for 1 hr in 10% base is sufficient to convert the nonconjugated enyne system completely to conjugated triene systems.
Components of the hardening flavor present in hardened linseed oil and soybean oil
Authors: Keppler J. G. , Schols J. A. , Feenstra W. H. , Meijboom P. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe characteristic hardening flavor which develops in hardened linseed and soybean oils during storage has been coned from hardened linseed oil by stripping with nitrogen. After separating the volatile substances by adsorption chromatography on silica, the fraction containing the hardening flavor has been converted into 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones (DNPHs) and separated by means of partition chromatography. On regeneration of the fractions of DNPSs obtained, the characteristic hardening flavor was observed in one specific band. Both by hydrogenation and by oxidation of the free carbonyl the carrier of the flavor was found to be an unsaturated aldehyde; however, not of the ॅ‐ॆ unsaturated type. Further separation of the regenerated carbonyls by means of gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) points to a C9‐aldehyde. After synthesis of the 4‐,5‐ and 6‐cis‐ andtrans‐nonenals, comparison made it probable that the carrier of the hardening flavor is a mixture of 6‐cis and 6‐trans‐nonenal, the latter of which has the greatest share in the hardening flavor.In order to confirm the location of the double bond in the carrier of the hardening flavor a recent isolation technique was applied. The volatile substances from hardened linseed oil were first separated via GLC. After conversion of the carbonyls in question into their DNPHs, the latter have been separated by means of thin‐layer chromatography (TLC). By means of IR‐analysis and oxidation with osmium tetroxide of the pure derivative, the principal carrier of the hardening flavor has been identified as 6‐trans‐nonenal.
Electronic gJFactors, Natural Lifetimes, and Electric Quadrupole Interaction for Rb87in the np2P3/2Series of the Rb I Spectrum
Authors: G Belin  , S Svanberg  
Published: February 2007

For Rb87the level crossing method was applied to the first four levels (n= 5, 6, 7, and 8) of thenp2P3/2series in the Rb I spectrum. By using magnetic dipole interaction constants from corresponding zero field optical double resonance experiments, the electronicgJfactors of 5, 6, and 7p2P3/2were calculated from the level crossing data. For these levels the natural radiative lifetimes were determined from the half-widths of the level crossing signals. For 8p2P3/2theafactor was obtained assuminggJ= -1.336 (2). From the measured electric quadrupole interaction constantsb, decreasing values of the nuclear quadrupole momentQwere obtained in 5, 6, 7, and 8p2P3/2. When core polarization effects are taken into account, the different2P3/2levels yield consistent values for the quadrupole moment. We findgJ(5p2P3/2) = -1.3362 (6)gJ(6p2P3/2) = -1.3347 (10)τ (5p2P3/2) = 25.8 (8) nsτ (6p2P3/2) = 111 (3) nsb(5p2P3/2) = 12.510 (57) MHzb(6p2P3/2) = 3.947 (13) MHzQ(5p2P3/2) = 0.131 barnQ(6p2P3/2) = 0.133 barngJ(7p2P3/2) = -1.3359 (11)a(8p2P3/2) = 6.747 (14) MHzτ (7p2P3/2) = 233 (10) nsb(8p2P3/2) = 0.933 (20) MHzb(7p2P3/2) = 1.768 (8) MHzQ(8p2P3/2) = 0.131 barnQ(7p2P3/2) = 0.133 barnConsidering possible sources of error in the evaluation of the quadrupole moment we obtainQ(Rb87) = +0.132 (9) barn.
Hardware acceleration of processing of mass spectrometric data for proteomics
Authors: Bogdan Istvan , Coca Daniel , Rivers Jenny , Beynon Robert J 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMotivation: High-resolution mass spectrometers generate large data files that are complex, noisy and require extensive processing to extract the optimal data from raw spectra. This processing is readily achieved in software and is often embedded in manufacturers’ instrument control and data processing environments. However, the speed of this data processing is such that it is usually performed off-line, post data acquisition. We have been exploring strategies that would allow real-time advanced processing of mass spectrometric data, making use of the reconfigurable computing paradigm, which exploits the flexibility and versatility of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). This approach has emerged as a powerful solution for speeding up time-critical algorithms. We describe here a reconfigurable computing solution for processing raw mass spectrometric data generated by MALDI-ToF instruments. The hardware-implemented algorithms for de-noising, baseline correction, peak identification and deisotoping, running on a Xilinx Virtex 2 FPGA at 180 MHz, generate a mass fingerprint over 100 times faster than an equivalent algorithm written in C, running on a Dual 3 GHz Xeon workstation.Contact: D.Coca@sheffield.ac.uk
SCOOP: a simple method for identification of novel protein superfamily relationships
Authors: Bateman Alex , Finn Robert D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMotivation: Profile searches of sequence databases are a sensitive way to detect sequence relationships. Sophisticated profile–profile comparison algorithms that have been recently introduced increase search sensitivity even further.Results: In this article, a simpler approach than profile–profile comparison is presented that has a comparable performance to state-of-the-art tools such as COMPASS, HHsearch and PRC. This approach is called SCOOP (Simple Comparison Of Outputs Program), and is shown to find known relationships between families in the Pfam database as well as detect novel distant relationships between families. Several novel discoveries are presented including the discovery that a domain of unknown function (DUF283) found in Dicer proteins is related to double-stranded RNA-binding domains.Availability: SCOOP is freely available under a GNU GPL license from http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Users/agb/SCOOP/Contact: agb@sanger.ac.ukSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Diverse Subcellular Locations of Cryptogein-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 Cells
Authors: Ashtamker Cher , Kiss Vladimir , Sagi Moshe , Davydov Olga , Fluhr Robert 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in many cellular responses and signaling pathways, including the oxidative burst defense response to pathogens. We have examined very early events in cryptogein-induced ROS production in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 suspension cells. Using Amplex Red and Amplex Ultra Red reagents, which report real-time H2O2 accumulation in cell populations, we show that the internal signal for H2O2 develops more rapidly than the external apoplastic signal. Subcellular accumulation of H2O2 was also followed in individual cells using the 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe. Major accumulation was detected in endomembrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear compartments. When cryptogein was added, the signal developed first in the nuclear region and, after a short delay, in the cell periphery. Interestingly, isolated nuclei were capable of producing H2O2 in a calcium-dependent manner, implying that nuclei can serve as a potential active source of ROS production. These results show complex spatial compartmentalization for ROS accumulation and an unexpected temporal sequence of events that occurs after cryptogein application, suggesting novel intricacy in ROS-signaling cascades.
S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Affords Protection against Pathogens in Arabidopsis, Both Locally and Systemically
Authors: Rustérucci Christine , Espunya M. Carme , Díaz Maykelis , Chabannes Matthieu , Martínez M. Carmen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are widespread signaling molecules that regulate immunity in animals and plants. Levels of SNOs in vivo are controlled by nitric oxide synthesis (which in plants is achieved by different routes) and by S-nitrosoglutathione turnover, which is mainly performed by the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). GSNOR is encoded by a single-copy gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; Martínez et al., 1996; Sakamoto et al., 2002). We report here that transgenic plants with decreased amounts of GSNOR (using antisense strategy) show enhanced basal resistance against Peronospora parasitica Noco2 (oomycete), which correlates with higher levels of intracellular SNOs and constitutive activation of the pathogenesis-related gene, PR-1. Moreover, systemic acquired resistance is impaired in plants overexpressing GSNOR and enhanced in the antisense plants, and this correlates with changes in the SNO content both in local and systemic leaves. We also show that GSNOR is localized in the phloem and, thus, could regulate systemic acquired resistance signal transport through the vascular system. Our data corroborate the data from other authors that GSNOR controls SNO in vivo levels, and shows that SNO content positively influences plant basal resistance and resistance-gene-mediated resistance as well. These data highlight GSNOR as an important and widely utilized component of resistance protein signaling networks conserved in animals and plants.
A Probabilistic Framework for Bayesian Adaptive Forecasting of Project Progress
Authors: Gardoni Paolo , Reinschmidt Kenneth F. , Kumar Ramesh 
Published: February 2007

Abstract: A methodology to forecast project progress and final time‐to‐completion is developed. An adaptive Bayesian updating method is used to assess the unknown model parameters based on recorded data and pertinent prior information. Recorded data can include equality, upper bound, and lower bound data. The proposed approach properly accounts for all the prevailing uncertainties, including model errors arising from an inaccurate model form or missing variables, measurement errors, statistical uncertainty, and volitional uncertainty.As an illustration of the proposed approach, the project progress and final time‐to‐completion of an example project are forecasted. For this illustration construction of civilian nuclear power plants in the United States is considered. This application considers two cases (1) no information is available prior to observing the actual progress data of a specified plant and (2) the construction progress of eight other nuclear power plants is available. The example shows that an informative prior is important to make accurate predictions when only a few records are available. This is also the time when forecasts are most valuable to the project manager. Having or not having prior information does not have any practical effect on the forecast when progress on a significant portion of the project has been recorded.
Hippocampal Sclerosis: MR Prediction of Seizure Intractability
Authors: Briellmann Regula S. , Mark Wellard R. , Masterton Richard A. J. , Abbott David F. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Jackson Graeme D. 
Published: February 2007

Summary: Purpose:Patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (refractory TLE) often have hippocampal sclerosis (HS). However, some HS patients have less‐severe, drug‐responsive epilepsy (mild TLE). We investigated the pattern of MR changes in these two HS groups.Methods:We acquired a 3D volumetric sequence, T2relaxation times (T2) and proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) in 41 HS patients (24 refractory TLE, 17 mild TLE) and 60 controls. Hippocampal volumes were measured bilaterally. T2 was measured in the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, in the white matter of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL), and in the frontal lobe. The temporal lobe MRS established concentrations ofN‐acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, creatine, myoinositol and glutamine/glutamate.Results:The degree of hippocampal volume loss and hippocampal T2 increase was not different between the two HS groups. However, in refractory TLE, the T2 signal in the ipsilateral ATL was increased, and the ipsilateral NAA concentration was reduced (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusions:In this group of HS patients, the degree of HS was not related to the clinical course, possibly reflecting the common cause of epilepsy. In contrast, refractory TLE patients had pronounced white matter changes and metabolite disturbance in the ipsilateral temporal lobe. These abnormalities may indicate the refractory nature of the epilepsy.