bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐lead seasonal rainfall forecasting using time‐delay recurrent neural networks: a case study
Authors: Karamouz Mohammad , Razavi Saman , Araghinejad Shahab 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA temporal artificial neural network‐based model is developed and applied for long‐lead rainfall forecasting. Tapped delay lines and recurrent connections are two different components that are used along with a static multilayer perceptron network to design a time‐delay recurrent neural network. The proposed model is, in fact, a combination of time‐delay and recurrent neural networks. The model is applied in three case studies of the Northwest, West, and Southwest basins of Iran. In addition, an autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (ARMAX) model is used as a baseline in order to be compared with the time‐delay recurrent neural networks developed in this study. Large‐scale climate signals, such as sea‐level pressure, that affect the rainfall of the study area are used as the predictors in the models, as well as the persistence between rainfall data. The results of winter‐spring rainfall forecasts are discussed thoroughly. It is demonstrated that in all cases the proposed neural network results in better forecasts in comparison with the statistical ARMAX model. Moreover, it is found that in two of three case studies the time‐delay recurrent neural networks perform better than either recurrent or time‐delay neural networks. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the long‐lead forecast by utilizing a non‐linear relationship between climatic predictors and rainfall in a region. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measles virus and classical Hodgkin lymphoma: No evidence for a direct association
Authors: Wilson K.S. , Freeland J.M.L. , Gallagher A. , Cosby S.L. , Earle J.A.P. , Alexander F.E. , Taylor G.M. , Jarrett R.F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA proportion of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases are causally associated with the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) but the aetiology of the remaining cases remains obscure. Over the last 3 decades several studies have found an association between HL and measles virus (MV) including a recent cohort study describing the detection of MV antigens in Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg cells, the tumour cells in HL. In the present study we looked at the relationship between history of MV infection and risk of developing HL in a population‐based, case/control study of HL. In addition we used immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR to look for direct evidence of MV in HL biopsies. There was no significant difference in the proportion of cases reporting previous measles compared to controls in the entire data set or when young adults were considered separately. Using a robust immunohistochemical assay for MV infection, we failed to find evidence of MV in biopsies from 97 cases of HL and RT‐PCR studies similarly gave negative results. This study therefore provides no evidence that MV is directly involved in the development of HL. However, when age at first reported MV infection was investigated, significant differences emerged with children infected before school‐age having higher risk, especially of EBV−ve HL, when compared with children infected at older ages; the interpretation of these latter results is unclear. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biodegradable magnesium scaffolds: Part 1: Appropriate inflammatory response
Authors: Witte F. , Ulrich H. , Rudert M. , Willbold E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCurrent tissue engineering strategies focus on the replacement of pathologically altered tissues by the transplantation of cells in combination with supportive biocompatible scaffolds. Scaffolds for tissue engineering strategies in musculoskeletal research require an appropriate mechanical stability. In recent studies, considerable attention has thus been given to magnesium alloys as biodegradable implants. The aim of this study was to characterize the biocompatibility of magnesium scaffolds by the inflammatory host response. Open porous scaffolds made of the magnesium alloy AZ91D were implanted into the distal femur condyle of rabbits and were compared to autologous bone, which was transplanted into the contralateral condyle in a 3 and 6 months follow‐up group. After 3 months, magnesium scaffolds were already largely degraded and most of the original magnesium alloy has disappeared. Concomitantly, a fibrous capsule enclosed the operation site. Histological analysis revealed that the magnesium scaffolds caused no significant harm to their neighboring tissues. This study shows that even fast degrading magnesium scaffolds show a good biocompatibility and react in vivo with an appropriate inflammatory host response. Magnesium alloy based implants are therefore a very promising approach in the development of mechanically suitable and open porous scaffolds for the replacement of subchondral bone in cartilage tissue engineering. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Compositional dependence on the in vitro bioactivity of invert or conventional bioglasses in the Si‐Ca‐Na‐P system
Authors: Lebecq I. , Désanglois F. , Leriche A. , Follet‐Houttemane C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe bioactivity of 34 invert or conventional glasses in the P‐free and P‐containing Si‐Ca‐Na system was evaluated by examining the in vitro HydroxyCarbonateApatite (HCA) formation time. The silica content in the glasses varies between 39.48 and 55 mol %. The surfaces of glasses after soaking in simulated body fluid at 37°C were analyzed by Fourier transform infraRed spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. To understand the HCA formation mechanism, the modification of the glass surface structure was studied. The aim was to understand, in the Si‐Ca‐Na‐P system, the function of each constituent on glass reactivity. It was noted that the bioactivity of Si‐Ca‐Na‐P glasses depends on the P ratio. One of the P‐free glasses is as bioactive as the Hench's Bioglass® noted 45S5, because it needs 12 h to develop HCA as for Hench's one. In the quaternary system, some of the P‐rich and Na, Si‐poor glasses are more bioactive than 45S5 (6–10 h to obtain HCA). Two phosphorus effects were observed: the repolymerization of the silicate network and the formation of phosphate‐modifier cation complexes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Biodegradable magnesium scaffolds: Part II: Peri‐implant bone remodeling
Authors: Witte F. , Ulrich H. , Palm C. , Willbold E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, histomorphometrical parameters of the peri‐implant bone remodeling around degrading open‐porous scaffolds made of magnesium alloy AZ91D were investigated and compared with the peri‐implant bone remodeling around an autologous bone transplant in the contralateral side in a rabbit model after 3 and 6 months. Osteoblast activity was displayed by collagen I (alpha 2) mRNA in situ hybridization. Major scaffold degradation was completed within 3 months after implantation showing no osteolysis around the scaffolds, both after 3 and 6 months. Enhanced formation of unmineralized extracellular matrix and an enhanced mineral apposition rate adjacent to the degrading magnesium scaffolds were accompanied by an increased osteoclastic bone surface, which resulted in higher bone mass and a tendency to a more mature trabecular bone structure around the magnesium scaffolds compared to the control. These results show that even fast‐degrading magnesium scaffolds induce extended peri‐implant bone remodeling with a good biocompatibility. In summary, this study shows that degrading magnesium scaffolds promote both bone formation and resorption in a rabbit model and are therefore very promising candidates for the development of novel implants in musculoskeletal surgery. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
ERM is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells in adult mouse lung and regulates caveolin‐1 transcription in mouse lung epithelial cell lines
Authors: Kathuria Hasmeena , Cao YuXia , Hinds Anne , Ramirez Maria I. , Williams Mary C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe previously identified an Ets cis‐element in the mouse caveolin‐1 promoter that is selectively activated in lung epithelial (E10), but not lung endothelial murine lung endothelial cell line (MFLM‐4), cell lines and therefore appears important for differential, cell‐specific caveolin‐1 transcription. In the present study, we demonstrate that immunostaining of adult mouse lung detects the ETS protein Ets‐related molecule (ERM PEA3) in distal lung epithelium in alveolar type I and II cells, but not in bronchial epithelium or lung endothelial cells. We tested ERM and polyomavirus enhancer activator 3 (PEA3) for their ability to increase endogenous caveolin‐1 transcripts and to activate caveolin‐1 promoter fragments containing the −865 Ets cis‐element. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays show that both ERM and PEA3 bind to the caveolin‐1 promoter in murine E10, but not MFLM‐4, cells. Normalized luciferase activities show that only ERM activates the caveolin‐1 promoter in E10 cells, but neither protein enhances promoter activity in MFLM‐4 cells. Mutation of the Ets site blocks ERM‐mediated promoter activation in E10 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of ERM increases the cellular content of caveolin‐1 mRNA and protein, in E10, but not MFLM‐4, cells. The effects of PEA3 on the cellular content of endogenous caveolin‐1 expression are variable. These results demonstrate that ERM is involved in caveolin‐1 regulation in a murine lung epithelial, but not lung endothelial cell line. We conclude that transcriptional regulation of caveolin‐1 differs markedly between lung epithelial and endothelial cell lines, perhaps explaining why the onset of caveolin‐1 expression differs in epithelial and endothelial cells during lung development. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 13–27, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of neuronal migration by JONES antibody is independent of 9‐O‐acetyl GD3 in GD3‐synthase knockout mice
Authors: Yang Chia‐Ron , Liour Sean S. , Dasgupta Somsankar , Yu Robert K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt has been shown previously that the migration of granule neurons in neonatal cerebellum can be inhibited by a monoclonal antibody (Mab) JONES. Because the inhibition is presumed to be mediated through binding of the JONES antibody to 9‐O‐acetyl GD3, we used GD3‐synthase knockout (GD3S−/−) mice that do not express 9‐O‐acetyl GD3 and also have no detectable defect in brain development, to examine the mechanism of the inhibitory effect. We found no difference between the migration of granule neurons in the neonatal cerebellar explant culture in GD3S−/− mice and in wild‐type mice. Addition of the Mab JONES, but not Mab R24 or A2B5, in the culture medium blocked the neuronal migration in the explant culture of the wild‐type mice. The inhibitory effect of Mab JONES was also observed, however, in the explant culture of GD3S−/− mice. Immuno‐HPTLC analysis showed at least two JONES‐positive glycolipids bands in the lipid extract of GD3S+/+ mice, and none was detected in that of GD3S−/− mice. Western blot analysis of the cerebellum homogenate of wild‐type and GD3S−/− mice identified at least 3 JONES‐positive protein bands, one of which is β1‐integrin. Because the JONES antibody also blocked neuronal migration in the cerebellar explant culture of GD3S−/− mice that do not express 9‐O‐acetyl‐GD3, it suggested an alternative mechanism for the inhibitory effect of the antibody, at least in the GD3S knockout mice, and the inhibitory effect of the JONES antibody on neuronal migration could be mediated through its binding to β1‐integrin. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of anti‐inflammatory drugs and estrogens in water by HPLC with UV detection
Authors: Stafiej Anna , Pyrzynska Krystyna , Regan Fiona 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn analytical method based on LC and UV detection has been developed for the determination of anti‐inflammatory compounds and estrogens in water samples. The drugs investigated were diclofenac, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen, clofibric acid, estriol, 17β‐estradiol, estrone and ethynylestradiol. The detection limits were in the range of 6–74 μg/L and 0.041–0.16 mg/L for acidic pharmaceuticals and estrogens, respectively, using narrow‐bore C18 analytical column. Analyte enrichment from water samples was achieved by SPE procedure using polymeric Strata‐X cartridges. Average recoveries obtained from 2.5 L of surface water sample were in the range of 77–98%.
Simultaneous determination of phosphonate, phosphate, and diphosphate by capillary electrophoresis using in‐capillary complexation with Mo(VI)
Authors: Himeno Sadayuki , Inazuma Naoko , Kitano Eri 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study describes the simultaneous determination of phosphonate, phosphate, and diphosphate by CE with direct UV detection, based on in‐capillary complexation with Mo(VI). When a mixture of phosphonate, phosphate, and diphosphate was injected into a capillary containing 3.0 mM Mo(VI), 0.05 M malonate buffer (pH 3.0) and 45% v/v CH3CN, three well‐defined peaks, due to the migration of the corresponding polyoxomolybdate anions, were separated. The respective calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range of 2×10–6–2×10–4 M for phosphonate, 1×10–6–5×10–5 M for phosphate, and 1×10–6–2×10–4 M for diphosphate; the correlation coefficients were better than 0.9990. The present CE method is successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of phosphonate, phosphate, and diphosphate in tap water.
Morphological and Thermal Properties of ABS/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Using ABS with Different AN Contents
Authors: Patiño‐Soto Alma Patricia , Sánchez‐Valdes Saúl , Ramos‐deValle Luis Francisco 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAcrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared using two types of ABS with different AN contents and a chemically modified clay, Cloisite 20A. The composites were prepared by melt mixing in a twin‐screw extruder. Their morphological properties were characterized by XRD and TEM. The thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposites was studied using TGA and flammability tests. The results were analyzed in terms of the effect of the clay content and the type of ABS used on the clay dispersion and the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. Experimental results confirmed that better dispersion and intercalation and/or exfoliation can be obtained when using an ABS with a higher AN content. The study using TGA and flammability tests showed that the nanodispersed layers of silicate enhanced the thermal stability of the ABS matrix, and that an ABS with higher AN content was more effective in providing fire retardancy. This suggests that when using higher AN contents, more polar groups are present within the polymer matrix, allowing a more homogeneous dispersion and intercalation of the chain polymers into the organomodified montmorillonite clay (MMT), and even some exfoliation of the nanoclay.magnified image
Properties and Dispersion of EPDM/Modified‐Organoclay Nanocomposites
Authors: Kang Donghee , Kim Dongsik , Yoon Sung‐Hwan , Kim Dongkyu , Barry Carol , Mead Joey 
Published: March 2007

AbstractElastomers show improved properties when reinforced with nanoclay at low filler loadings, but dispersion of the clay is difficult in non‐polar polymers, such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). In this work several compatibilization approaches were studied, including the addition of EPDM modified with maleic anhydride (EPDM‐g‐MA) and the use of organoclay modified with maleic anhydride‐grafted liquid vinyl polybutadiene (LVPB‐g‐MA). The use of LVPB‐g‐MA‐modified organoclay increased the degree of dispersion as measured by X‐ray diffraction, giving increased thermal stability and modulus, and decreased swelling. Flame resistance was poorer for the EPDM/LVPB‐g‐MA‐modified organoclay system compared to the unmodified EPDM/organoclay compound. The resistivity of the nanoclay‐filled composites was lower than the reference EPDM compound, but dielectric properties for the LVPB‐g‐MA modified organoclay were similar to the reference.magnified image
Recyclability of In Situ Microfibrillar Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/High‐Density Polyethylene Blends
Authors: Jiang Chun‐Hua , Zhong Gan‐Ji , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRepetitive processing was employed to assess the recyclability of in situ microfibrillar poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) blends which were fabricated through a “rectangular slit die extrusion–hot stretching–quenching” process. For comparison, the conventional PET/HDPE blends were also obtained using the same processing operation but without hot stretching. The morphological observation indicated that slit die extrusion and hot stretching successfully made the dispersed PET phase deform in situ into well‐defined microfibrils. The average diameter of the microfibrils increased with the processing cycles. The rheological properties obtained from the parallel‐plate dynamic rheometer suggested that the microfibrillar blends have higher viscosity and viscoelastic moduli (storage and loss moduli) as well as better flow stability than the conventional PET/HDPE blend. More importantly, with the increase in the processing cycles, an increase in yield strength and unchanged tensile modulus were observed for in situ microfibrillar blends, while a decrease in these properties for conventional blend, indicating that the in situ microfibrillar PET/HDPE blends have promising recycling potential.magnified image
Modifying Thermal Expansion of Polymer Composites by Blending with a Negative Thermal Expansion Material
Authors: Chandra Amreesh , Meyer Wolfgang H. , Best Andreas , Hanewald Andreas , Wegner Gerhard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLarge positive thermal expansion in polymers is one of the major drawbacks in using polymers in applications where the sample dimensions play an important role. In this paper, we report a method to vary the thermal expansion of PMMA‐based polymer composites by blending with a negative thermal expansion material, PbTiO3. It is shown that the thermal expansion coefficient of the composite can be tailored by suitably adjusting the ratio of polymer and ceramic filler. The coefficient of thermal expansion has been measured using temperature‐dependent step‐height measurements via confocal microscopy. Using SEM, it is shown that the ceramic particles are homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix if the composite is obtained by the polymerization of the suspension of PbTiO3 in the monomer MMA. Composite formation is confirmed using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. To estimate the technological viability of such composite films, preliminary results of stress‐strain measurements are also presented.magnified image
Triflic‐Acid‐Mediated Polycondensation of Carbonyl Compounds with Aromatic Hydrocarbons – A Theoretical Study
Authors: Lira Alfredo López , Zolotukhin Mikhail G. , Fomina Lioudmila , Fomine Sergei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMono‐ and diprotonated reaction intermediates involved in the acid‐catalyzed polyhydroxyalkylation of aldehydes and ketones of the general formula R1COR2, (R1 = H, CH3, CF3 and R2 = Ph, CH3, CF3) with benzene and biphenyl, were studied theoretically at PBE0/aug‐cc‐PVTZ//PBE0/6‐31 + G** level of theory. The calculations performed for sulfuric acid and TFSA‐catalyzed reactions showed that for all studied reactions the enhancement of the reactivity of diprotonated species is not sufficient to compensate for the large positive Gibbs energy of second protonation. An alternative mechanism has been proposed for the reaction between benzene and benzaldehyde in TFSA involving only monoprotonated species. The low reactivity of carbonyl compounds with electron donating substituents is due to excessive stabilization of monoprotonated species rendering the reaction thermodynamically impossible.magnified image
Periodic solutions of neutral differential models with state‐dependent delay and feedback control
Authors: Yang Zhihui 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the author employs and develops the continuation theory and degree theory for k‐set contractions to investigate the existence of positive periodic solutions of a general neutral functional system with feedback control state‐dependent and distributed delays. The results give new methods for studying neutral systems, which extend and improve existing results, and have further applications in many fields such as population dynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global existence and exponential stability of periodic solutions for recurrent neural networks with functional delay
Authors: Yang Zhihui 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a class of more general model of recurrent neural networks with functional delay, which has been found more suitable to apply directly. Simple and easily checkable conditions of existence, uniqueness, and global exponential stability of periodic solution for the recurrent neural network equations are obtained, utilizing the Lyapunov functional method and the theory of coincidence degree. Some known results are generalized and improved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of pathways of advanced glycation end‐products accumulation in macrophages
Authors: Nagai Ryoji , Fujiwara Yukio , Mera Katsumi , Otagiri Masaki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGE) play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including diabetic complications and atherosclerosis. In atherosclerotic lesions of human aortas, AGE are localized in the extracellular matrix and intracellularly in foam cells. Two interpretations are possible for AGE accumulation inside macrophages, one is endocytic uptake of extracellular AGE‐proteins by scavenger receptors; the other is intracellular AGE formation inside the macrophages. In the present study, we determined the pathways involved in AGE accumulation inside macrophages. RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, incubated with BSA and 1600 mM glucose for 40 weeks, recognized heavily modified AGE‐ BSA. In contrast, the cells showed no ligand activity for mildly modified AGE‐BSA, prepared by incubating BSA with 50 mM glucose for 24 weeks. Nε‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)‐modified proteins of about 65 kDa were detected in human monocyte‐derived macrophages incubated for 7 days with 30 mM glucose and phorbol myristate acetate. Furthermore, CML was generated when glycated protein was incubated with hypochloric acid. Taken together, our results indicate that AGE detected inside foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions are generated intracellularly rather than representing endocytic uptake of extracellular AGE‐proteins by scavenger receptors.
Gain estimation by convergence of active element pattern for E‐plane notch phased array antenna
Authors: Kim Junyeon , So Joonho , Jang Won , Cheon Changyul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe beam steering gain of E‐plane notch phased array antenna is estimated using the converged active element pattern (AEP) and the directivity of an isotropic linear array. To get the gain for all scan angles, the authors first investigated the convergence of an AEP with the number of finite notch array at the center element. And then, the beam steering gain can be calculated from multiplying the converged AEP by the directivity of an isotropic linear array. To show the usability of this proposed method, a 10‐element E‐plane notch array antenna has been designed and fabricated. The measured AEP of E‐plane notch antenna has a good agreement with the converged AEP. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1047–1049, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22330