bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV‐2 infections in a rural Senegalese community
Authors: Le Guenno Bernard , Pison Gilles , Enel Catherine , Lagarde Emmanuel , Seck Cheikh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a community study in rural Senegal, 22 human immunodeficiency virus type‐2 (HIV‐2) seropositive cases and 64 matched controls were examined clinically and evaluated immunologically. The presence of clinical signs was highly correlated with HIV‐2 seropositivity: 9 anti‐HIV‐2 positive patients and 5 controls presented with clinical signs (odd ratio [OR] = 8.2, confidence limits [CL] 2‐35). The main symptom associated with HIV‐2 seropositivity was a chronic cough (OR = 18.5, CL 1.8‐899). The presence of diarrhoea was not significant (OR = 3.1, CL 0.3‐3.5). The total number of CD8 cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, β2 microglobulin, and IgG level discriminated between seropositive and seronegative individuals (P < 0.05). When the anti‐HIV‐2 positives were grouped as 13 healthy and 9 sick people, red blood cells, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, CD4 cells, and β2 microglobulin differed significantly. Clinical symptoms were associated with immunodepression: 5 of 14 sick people had less than 500 CD4/μl vs. 1 of 72 healthy persons. This study at the community level emphasizes the clinical and immunological impact of HIV‐2 infection. Even if it presents with a longer incubation period than HIV‐1, this virus is a major threat to public health. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A variant serotype G3 rotavirus isolated from an unusually severe outbreak of diarrhea in piglets
Authors: Nagesha Hadya S. , Huang J. , Holmes Ian H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAbout 80% of faecal samples from severe out‐break of porcine diarrhea (scours) were positive for rotavirus. Rotavirus positive samples were analyzed for their antigenic properties and amino acid sequences of the glycoprotein genes. These viruses could not be assigned to any serotypes using serotyping monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) developed for porcine rotaviruses [Nagesha and Holmes: Journal of Medical Virology 35:206–211, 1991 b]. When two such viruses were isolated in cell culture and analyzed by neutralization tests using hyperimmune sera they showed only one way antigenic relation with both human and porcine viruses belonging to serotype G3. In addition none of the serotyping MAbs neutralized these two virus isolates. There was no base variation between VP7 genes of faecal and cell culture isolates. Predicted amino acid sequences of the VP7 gene showed marked epitope variation from other porcine type G3 isolates with amino acid substitutions and an additional glycosylation site a t residue 238. This antigenic variation seen in rotaviruses appears similar to that of influenza viruses undergoing antigenic drift. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibodies to a putative hepatitis C virus polyprotein in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Yuki Nobukazu , Hayashi Norio , Kasahara Akinori , Hagiwara Hideki , Ueda Keiji , Fusamoto Hideyuki , Kamada Takenobu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo investigate the frequency of exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in chronic liver disease, sera from Japanese patients were tested with the original anti‐HCV assay (Ortho) and an anti‐HCV assay based on synthetic peptides corresponding to a variety of regions in the HCV genome. Thirty‐one (67%) of 46 patients with chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were anti‐HCV‐positive by the Ortho ELISA, 20 of whom were also positive by ELISA based on synthetic HCV peptides. Eight (53%) of the 15 patients negative by the Ortho ELISA tested positive for anti‐HCV by ELISA based on HCV peptides. Serum HCV RNA was detected in all cases positive for antibody to the HCV peptide and in 14 (78%) of 18 cases without antibody. Thirty‐seven hepatitis B virus carriers were without anti‐HCV by the Ortho ELISA and were negative for serum HCV RNA, six (16%) of whom were positive by ELISA based on HCV peptides. Antibody responses were directed against each synthetic HCV peptide used, with a considerable difference in incidence, indicating possible expression of the corresponding region in the course of HCV propagation. These findings indicate that exposure t o HCV may be more common than expected based on the results of the Ortho ELISA. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shedding of infectious virus and virus antigen during acute infection with respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Waris Matti , Meurman Olli , Mufson Maurice A. , Ruuskanen Olli , Halonen Pekka 
Published: March 2007

AbstractShedding of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) of hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection was studied using direct antigen detection by time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay, rapid identification of infectious virus in centrifugally inoculated cell cultures by immunoperoxidase staining and conventional virus culture. Sequential NPAs, in which also local RSV‐specific IgA response was measured, were collected from children with proven RSV infection. The shedding pattern was similar for both infectious virus and viral antigen. The overall agreement of the three methods was good (81%) in diagnostic specimens collected on admission, but markedly reduced (46%) in follow‐up specimens. Secretory IgA was abundant in specimens giving discrepant or negative results only. The proportion of patients who shed RSV was high (⩾87%) in the first week after on‐set of symptoms, and decreased sharply in the second week. An opposite temporal pattern was found in the proportion of patients with detectable RSV‐IgA in their secretions. Sequentially isolated strains were antigenically stable as determined by their reactivity with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies. The findings suggest that RSV shedding should be monitored by using more than one method for virus detection. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capsaicin‐sensitive peptidergic neurons are involved in the zosteriform spread of herpes simplex virus infection
Authors: Stanberry Lawrence R. , Bourne Nigel , Bravo Fernando J. , Bernstein David I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe intraneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an essential component in disease pathogenesis. Capsaicin, a neuropharmacologic agent lacking direct antiviral activity, has been shown to protect animals against HSV‐induced disease. It has been hypothesized that capsaicin acts by interfering with the intraneuronal transport of virus. Since animal models have been useful in studying the spread of virus, we used two guinea pig models of zosteriform herpes to examine the effect of capsaicin on HSV spread. Capsaicin was subcutaneously administered to Hartley guinea pigs prior t o intravaginal or cutaneous HSV‐2 inoculation. Treatment did not prevent the development of herpetic vesicles at the site of inoculation but significantly reduced the zosteriform spread of lesions in male and female animals. Further, after recovery from primary infection, capsaicin‐treated male guinea pigs were observed to have fewer days with recurrent herpetic lesions. These results suggest that capsaicin‐sensitive nerve fibers play a role in the pathogenesis of primary and recurrent HSV infections. Capsaicin appears to reduce the severity of cutaneous HSV infections by interfering with the spread of virus. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of antigen expressed in bacteria for detection of EBV‐specific thymidine kinase antibodies in sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hsu Tsuey‐Ying , Pai Chien‐Ying , Shieh Shing‐Mey , Cho Show‐Mei , Liu Mei‐Ying , Chen Jen‐Yang , Yang Czau‐Siung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo cDNA clones covering the N‐ and C‐terminal portions of the EBV BXLFI open reading frame were selected from a cDNA library derived from P3HR1 cells. The two clones were ligated, the N‐terminal untranslated region truncated, and the product inserted into an E. coli expression vector, pET3CP°. The fusion protein was expressed under control of the T7 phage phi 10 gene promoter and shown to possess thymidine kinase activity. The protein was then used as an antigen to detect antibody reactivities in serum samples of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and healthy blood donors. Using a 1 :400 dilution of serum samples in Western blot analyses, it was possible to differentiate the reactivities of serum IgA of NPC patients and healthy donors. The prevalence of positive reactivity to EBV TK in NPC was around 84%. The test was compared to others used for early diagnosis of NPC and was able to detect some patients who were negative in those tests. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of former and newly developed HBV assays in a third world setting
Authors: Zabaleta Mercedes E. , Toro Felix I. , Ruiz Maria E. , Colmenares Carmen J. , Bianco Nicolas E. , Machado Irma V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNewly available HBV serological assays have not been established routinely in most underdeveloped countries. Utilizing enzyme‐immune assays to determine the presence of pre‐S1 antigen and anti‐pre‐S2, and using two conventional hybridization techniques and the PCR assay to detect HBV‐DNA, we studied 30 HBsAg chronic carriers and as a reference group 10 subjects whose only HBV routine marker was anti‐HBc. Seventynine percent of the HBeAg positive carriers showed detectable HBV‐DNA by a non‐radioactive slot‐blotting technique. The PCR assay was more sensitive than the slot‐blotting technique, detecting HBV‐DNA in anti‐HBe positive patients with moderate or normal ALT activity. Pre‐S1 antigen was mostly related t o the presence of HBsAg and anti‐pre‐S2 was associated with active viremic state, increased ALT activity (ranges 51 to 640 IU/L), and with self‐limited HBV infection. The presence of HBV‐DNA i n the group with anti‐HBc only was detectable solely by the PCR assay. For an underdeveloped country the addition of a PCR assay or pre‐S1 anti‐pre‐S protein tests to the current assessment procedures of HBV chronic infection should be used only i n selective cases. HBeAg/anti‐HBe serological evaluation and HBV‐DNA detection by a non‐isotopic conventional hybridization technique still remain as useful tools to screen initially for the presence of viremia in chronic HBsAg carriers. The presence of HBV‐DNA in individuals with anti‐HBc only suggests that anti‐HBc screening should be maintained and expanded to all the blood banks of less industrialized countries where the rate of HBV infection in apparently healthy people tends to be high. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among dentists in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping , Hahn Liang‐Jiunn , Hong Chi‐Yuan , Kao Jia‐Horng , Chen Ding‐Shinn 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo evaluate whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an occupational hazard in the dental environment, serum samples collected in 1990–1991 from 461 dentists were tested for the antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV) with first‐ and second‐generation HCV enzyme‐linked immunoassays (EIAs). Five of the 363 (1.38%) serum samples were reactive by the first‐generation (C100–3) HCV EIA. Of the same 363 samples and the other 98 samples, 3 (0.65%) were reactive by the second‐generation EIA. Those samples positive by the first‐ and/or second‐generation HCV EIA were analyzed further by cDNA/polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of HCV RNA. Only 1 of the 5 first‐generation EIA reactive samples were PCR positive. These results are comparable to the anti‐HCV prevalence of healthy blood donors (0.95% by C100–3 assay) and pregnant women (0.63% by recombinant immunoblot assay). We conclude that the prevalence of HCV infection among dentists in Taiwan is low, and there is no increased risk of HCV infection through the practice of dentistry, at least in our area. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein by recombinant baculovirus and use for the detection of E7 antibodies in sera from cervical carcinoma patients
Authors: Stacey Simon N. , Ghosh Anna , Bartholomew Jennifer S. , Tindle Robert W. , Stern Peter L. , Mackett Michael , Arrand John R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough the presence of serum antibodies against the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV‐16) E7 protein has been linked with cervical cancer, currently available assays detect antibodies in only ca. 40% of carcinoma patients. The dependence of these serological assays on synthetic target antigens which present only linear epitopes may be a limiting factor. In order to produce a more realistic target antigen for use in serological assays, we have expressed the HPV‐16 E7 protein in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus vector. Two major E7 forms of ca. 18kDa and 16kDa were produced and characterised. The 16kDa component was shown to be truncated at the N‐terminus. A radioimmunoprecipitation assay was developed for the detection of anti‐E7 antibodies in human sera. This assay showed a marked increase in detection rate compared with a western blotting method based on bacterially derived E7 fusion proteins. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infection of epithelial cell line HEp‐2 with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is CD4 dependent
Authors: Nottet Hans S. L. M. , Janse Ingmar , De Graaf Loek , Bakker Leendert J. , Visser Maarten R. , Verhoef Jan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHEp‐2 cells, human epithelial cells derived from a larynx carcinoma, were found to be highly susceptible to infection with HIV‐1 stain Illb and MN, but not to infection with the monotropic strain IllBa‐L or the clinical isolate HIV‐1AT. HEp‐2 cells infected with HIV‐1IIIb continuously secreted high levels of p24 antigen, while no cytopathic effects were observed. Although no CD4 antigen could be detected on the cells by flow cytometric analysis, CD4 mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR. Furthermore, infection could be blocked by anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody OKT4a indicating a CD4 mediated viral entry in HEp‐2 cells. HEp‐2 cells are commonly used in clinical virology for the culture of different viruses from clinical specimens. HEp‐2 cells should therefore be handled with caution as they may potentially become infected with HIV. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus replication by interferon‐γ
Authors: Lavine Joel E. , Ganem Don 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInterferons have been evaluated extensively as candidate antiviral agents in hepadnaviral infection. We examined the effect of recombinant human interferon‐γ on duck hepatitis B virus replication in human hepatoma cells (Huh 7) transiently transfected with cloned duck hepatitis B virus DNA. Cells transfected in the presence of interferon‐γ display a dose‐dependent reduction in the levels of encapsidated replicative intermediates in the cytoplasm, as judged by Southern blotting of purified viral core DNA. The effect is observed at inferferon‐γ concentrations that do not affect growth rate or viability of Huh 7 cells or their transfection efficiency. Northern analysis of duck hepatitis B virus transcripts in transfected cells demonstrated markedly diminished levels of pre‐ and subgenomic RNA in interferon‐γ‐treated cells. Nuclear run‐on analysis was performed to determine whether these transcripts were diminished due to decreased rates of transcription initiation or increased rates of RNA degradation. Levels of transcription initiation were unaffected by interferon‐γ, implying that duck hepatitis B virus transcripts in interferon‐γ‐treated cells are degraded more rapidly than in untreated cells. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in levels of anti‐dengue virus IgG subclasses in patients with disease of varying severity
Authors: Thein Soe , Aaskov John , Myint Thein Thein , Shwe Than Nu , Saw Tin Tin , Zaw Aung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExtensive complement activation precedes onset of shock in dengue patients and complement "split products" C3a and C5a could be responsible, directly or indirectly, for the increased vascular permeability and disseminated intravascular coagulation which characterises dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) dengue shock syndrome (DSS). As IgG subclasses vary in their capacity to activate the classical complement pathway after combining with antigen, we have used an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess levels of lgG1–4 against each dengue serotype in acute and convalescent sera from patients with disease of varying severity. Acute phase sera from patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) contained higher levels of anti‐dengue antibodies of the IgG1, complement fixing, subclass than similar sera from dengue fever (DF) patients. Conversely, acute phase sera from DHF and DSS patients contained lower levels of anti‐dengue antibodies of the poor complement activating lgG2 subclass than acute phase sera from DF patients. No significant differences were detected between the levels of anti‐dengue lgG3 and lgG4 antibody in acute phase sera from DF, DHF, and DSS patients. With the exception of levels of antidengue lgG2 antibody from DHF patients which were lower than those from DF and DSS patients, levels of anti‐dengue IgG1, lgG2, lgG3, and lgG4 were similar in convalescent sera from all patients. These results Provide a possible explanation for the activation of the serum complement system which precedes onset of shock in severe dengue infections. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aetiology of acute sporadic non‐A, non‐B viral hepatitis in India
Authors: Arankalle V. A. , Chobe L. P. , Jha J. , Chadha M. S. , Banerjee K. , Favorov M. O. , Kalinina T. , Fields H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNon‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis viruses are now classified as hepatitis E (enterically transmitted) and hepatitis C (parenterally transmitted). India experiences a large number of epidemics of the enteric disease every year. In addition, about 70% of the sporadic cases among adults are also due to NANB hepatitis. With the availability of an immunoblot assay for the detection of anti‐HEVIgM and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HCV‐RNA, serum samples from epidemic and sporadic NANB patients were screened for these markers. We found that a large number of cases from the epidemics were HEV, though a few remained undiagnosed, while of the sporadic cases only a few could be diagnosed as HCV or HEV; a large proportion remained undiagnosed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C among institutionalized psychiatric patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Ting‐Tsung , Lin Huang , Yen Yi‐Shiu , Wu Hua‐Lin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) in a psychiatric institution in Taiwan, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is hyperendemic, a total of 780 patients with psychiatric disorders were studied. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used for testing HBsAg and anti‐HCV. The prevalence of HBsAg was higher than that of anti‐HCV among these patients (18.1% vs. 6.8%, P < 0.0001). The HBsAg carrier rate in these patients was consistent with that of the general population, with a trend for HBsAg carrier rate to be lower in the aged and in females. In contrast, the prevalence of anti‐HCV was higher in these patients than in general population. Anti‐HCV positivity was found more frequently in patients who had received blood transfusion previously (24% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.05). The majority (92%) of patients with positive anti‐HCV did not have a history of apparent parenteral exposure. The prevalence of anti‐HCV increased significantly with duration of the psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of anti‐HCV also tended to increase with duration of hospitalization but without reaching statistical significance. These findings suggest that these institutionalized psychiatric patients contract hepatitis B, as does the general population in Taiwan, and they should be considered as a specific risk group for hepatitis C infection. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping T‐cell epitopes of rubella virus structural proteins E1, E2, and C recognized by T‐cell lines and clones derived from infected and immunized populations
Authors: Ou Dawei , Chong Pele , Tingle Aubrey J. , Gillam Shirley 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo design a safe and effective synthetic peptide vaccine against rubell virus (RV) infection, it is necessary to identify immunodominant T‐cell epitopes of RV structural proteins. To define such epitopes, 49 overlapping synthetic peptides (17–34 residues in length) corresponding to more than 951% of the amino acid sequence of RV virion proteins E1 (23 peptides) and C (11 peptides) and all of E2 (15 peptides) were synthesized and tested for their capacities to induce proliferative responses of rubella‐specific T‐cell lines and T‐cell clones derived from 4 study groups (5 women infected with RV in pregnancy, 5 patients with congenital rubella syndrome, 5 seropositive healthy donors, and 5 RV vaccine recipients). The most frequently recognized epitopes were E1–21 (residues 358–377) with 11/20 responders, E2–4 (residues 54–74) with 6/20 responders, and C11 (residues 255–280) with 11/20 responders, respectively. E1–10 (residues 174–193), E1–16 (residues 272–291) and E1–18 (residues 307–326) were responded to strongly by corresponding T‐cell clones, and were recognized by 4 or 5 T‐cell lines. T‐cell lines derived from three congenital rubella syndrome patients did not respond to any of the synthetic peptides. The results showed that more T‐cell epitopes were present in E1 (19/23) and C (10/11) than in E2 (8/15). The identification of T cell sites recognized frequently by RV‐infected or ‐immunized populations could provide the basis for selecting candidate T‐cell epitopes for the development of an effective synthetic vaccine against rubella. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytomegalovirus‐specific in vitro antibody production by peripheral blood lymphocytes from renal transplant recipients with CMV infection
Authors: Segondy Michel , Barat Laurent , Mourad Georges , Huguet Marie‐France , Serre Arlette , Vendrell Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCytomegalovirus‐specific in vitro antibody production (CMV‐IVAP) by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was investigated in 12 renal transplant recipients. CMV‐IVAP, CMV‐serology, and viral cultures were carried out weekly during at least 8 weeks after transplantation. Nine episodes of CMV infection occurred in eight patients. CMV‐IVAP was positive in eight episodes; IgG and/or IgA and/or IgM antibodies reacting with several CMV polypeptides were secreted by PBL. In two patients with primary CMV infection, only IgA antibodies were detected. Cytomegalovirus cultures were positive in eight episodes and serological evidence of CMV infection was obtained in five episodes. In one case, CMV‐IVAP was observed before CMV isolation and in another case, before serological evidence of CMV infection. Our study indicates that CMV‐IVAP could represent an additional tool for the diagnosis of CMV infection. Our study indicates that CMV‐IVAP could represent an additional tool for the diagnosis of CMV infection in renal transplant recipients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.