bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative transcriptome analysis of in vivo‐ and in vitro‐produced porcine blastocysts by small amplified RNA‐Serial analysis of gene expression (SAR‐SAGE)
Authors: Miles Jeremy R. , Blomberg Le Ann , Krisher Rebecca L. , Everts Robin E. , Sonstegard Tad S. , Van Tassell Curtis P. , Zuelke Kurt A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractProduction of embryos in vitro has enormous potential for research and commercial applications. Unfortunately, in vitro production of porcine embryos is extremely inefficient. Despite the characterization of distinct phenotypes, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and altered physiological processes of in vitro‐produced embryos. The objective of this study was to compare global gene expression patterns from in vivo‐ (IVO) and in vitro‐produced (IVP) porcine embryos using small amplified RNA‐serial analysis of gene expression (SAR‐SAGE). Whole‐cell RNA from pools of Day 6 IVO and IVP blastocysts was used to construct SAR‐SAGE libraries. Sequence analysis of the IVO and IVP libraries yielded 98,771 and 98,408 tags, respectively. A total of 20,029 and 23,453 putative transcripts were detected in the IVO and IVP libraries, respectively. Statistical analyses of SAGE tag frequencies between the IVO and IVP libraries indicated that 938 and 193 tags were differentially expressed at a P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 level of significance, respectively, suggesting significant deviations in transcriptome profiles from IVO and IVP embryos. Categorization of differentially expressed transcripts into functional groupings indicated a significant deviation in gene expression from IVP blastocysts compared with IVO blastocysts for a number of biological processes including cellular metabolism, organization, and response to stress. Real‐time PCR confirmed differential expression for several transcripts from independent IVO and IVP blastocysts. These results demonstrate compromised gene expression in IVP blastocysts compared with IVO blastocysts for a number of biological processes, particularly processes involved in mitochondrial function; thereby providing potential target pathways for improvement of IVP methods. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 976–988, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel steady‐state genetic algorithm approach to the reliability optimization design problem of computer networks
Authors: Mutawa A. M. , Alazemi H. M. K. , Rayes Ammar 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces the development and implementation of a new methodology for optimizing reliability measures of a computer communication network within specified constraints. A genetic algorithm approach with specialized encoding, crossover, and mutation operators to design a layout topology optimizing source‐terminal computer communication network reliability is presented. In this work, we apply crossover at the gene level in conjunction with the regular chromosome‐level crossover operators that are usually applied on chromosomes or at boundaries of nodes. This approach provides us with a much better population mixture, and hence faster convergence and better reliability. Applying regular crossover and mutation operators on the population may generate infeasible chromosomes representing a network connection. This complicates fitness and cost calculations, since reliability and cost can only be calculated on links that actually exist. In this paper, a special crossover and mutation operator is applied in a way that will always ensure production of a feasible connected network topology. This results in a simplification of fitness calculations and produces a better population mixture that gives higher reliability rates at shorter convergence times. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discontinuous‐Galerkin‐based immersed boundary method
Authors: Lew Adrián J. , Buscaglia Gustavo C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA numerical method to approximate partial differential equations on meshes that do not conform to the domain boundaries is introduced. The proposed method is conceptually simple and free of user‐defined parameters. Starting with a conforming finite element mesh, the key ingredient is to switch those elements intersected by the Dirichlet boundary to a discontinuous‐Galerkin approximation and impose the Dirichlet boundary conditions strongly. By virtue of relaxing the continuity constraint at those elements, boundary locking is avoided and optimal‐order convergence is achieved. This is shown through numerical experiments in reaction–diffusion problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A strategy for parallel implementation of finite difference numerical schemes associated to evolution differential equations
Authors: Moura Carlos A. de , Castro M. Clicia S. de , Castro Vinicius B. de 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWithin the framework of parallel numerical treatment, there are many more results on stationary (or time‐frozen) PDE's than on their evolution (or time‐dependent) counterparts. This is justified as computer simulation of time flow – an intrinsically sequential phenomenum – leads naturally to a sequential algorithm, thus inhibiting any search for concurrent ones. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Calculation of effective mechanical properties of textiles by asymptotic approach
Authors: Nam Alexander , Orlik Julia 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe consider plates with 2‐D periodic rod or fabric structure, used as geotextiles or textiles. The period of structure as well as the hight of a plate are much smaller compared to its depth and width. This makes a direct numerical computation of boundary value or contact elasticity problem too expensive. Three small parameters are introduced for the asymptotic analysis: the first one connected with the period of structure, the second one with the thickness of fibers or beams inside the periodicity cell and the last one – with the hight of a plate. The overcoming to the limit with respect to period of structure provides equivalent homogenized plate of the finite hight. Calculation of its outer‐plane stiffness is a new aspect of this work. The next overcoming to the limit with respect to the hight reduces the 3‐D problem to the homogenized equations, fourth order PDEs. The effective elasticity moduli and outer‐plane stiffness can be obtained numerically solving cell experiments. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface stability of nonlinear magnetoelastic solids
Authors: Ottenio M. , Destrade M. , Ogden R.W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present paper proposes to identify surface stability when a magnetoelastic half‐space is subjected to a pure homogeneous pre‐deformation and to a magnetic field normal to its (plane) boundary. Clearly, the aim is to find the critical stretch ratio beyond which surface instabilities may develop, or in other words, to establish a bifurcation criterion based on the incremental static solution of the boundary value problem. We want to analyse how the presence of a coupling between magnetism and nonlinear elasticity modify the conditions of stability. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surrogate modeling for geometry optimization in material design
Authors: Rojas Marielba , Abraham Yonas B. , Holzwarth Natalie A. W. , Plemmons Robert J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe propose a new approach based on surrogate modeling for geometry optimization in material design. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamics of planar vortex clusters with binaries
Authors: Ting Lu , Knio Omar , Blackmore Denis 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe study an N ‐vortex problem having J of them forming a cluster, which means the distances between the vortices in the cluster is much smaller by O (ε) than the distances, O (ℓ), to the N – J vortices outside of the cluster. With the strengths of N vortices being of the same order, the velocity and time scales for the motion of the J vortices relative to those of the N – J vortices are O (ε–1) and O (ε2) respectively. We show that this two‐time and two‐length scale problem can be converted to a standard two‐time scale problem and then the leading order solution of the N ‐vortex problem can be uncoupled to two problems, one for the motion of J vortices in the cluster relative to the center of the cluster and one for the motion of the N – J vortex plus the center of the cluster. For N = 3 and J = 2, the 3‐vortex problem is uncoupled to two binary vortices problems in the length scales ℓ and ℓε respectively. When perturbed in the scale ℓ, say by a fourth vortex even of finite strength, the binary problem becomes a 3‐vortex problem, admitting periodic solutions. Since 3‐vortex problems are solvable, the uncoupling enables us to solve 3‐cluster problems having at most three vortices in each cluster. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptive importance sampling with prior information in dynamic process imaging
Authors: Watzenig Daniel , Steiner Gerald 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe estimation of cross‐sectional material distributions from non‐stationary sparse tomographic measurement data is a demanding class of ill‐posed inverse problems. In this context, electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a well‐established modality that aims at monitoring and controlling dynamic industrial processes arising e.g. in pneumatic conveying or heterogeneous flow fields. By measuring the capacitances between certain electrodes that are arranged around the periphery, the permittivity distribution inside closed objects can be spatially resolved. In this paper, the main focus is on the robust estimation of time‐dependent material distributions given uncertain measurements. The underlying inverse problem is formulated in a Bayesian inferential framework, by specifying a prior parameter distribution, and characterizing the statistics of the measurement noise, to give a posterior distribution conditioned on measured data. Transitions between different material phases are described by means of a Fourier contour model of second order implying a geometric regularization. Sequential importance filtering – particle filtering – is applied to solve the non‐stationary ECT problem. A tracking experiment is presented in order to show the robustness of the Bayesian filtering approach to solve the non‐stationary inverse problem. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability of the non‐isothermal flow between co‐ and counter‐rotating disks
Authors: Zielinski Artur , Tuliszka‐Sznitko Ewa 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe 3D DNS computations are performed to study the isothermal and not‐isothermal transitional flow between two co‐ and counter‐rotating disks enclosed by two rotating cylinders. Computations have been performed for the wide range of Reynolds numbers and different end‐wall conditions including throughflow. For chosen examples 3D LES computations are performed. The flow is described by 3D Navier‐Stokes, energy and continuity equations. Numerical computations are based on a pseudospectral Chebyshev‐Fourier method. The time scheme is semi‐implicit and second‐order accurate. For LES computations, a Lagrangian dynamic sub‐grid model is used. In this paper we studied the spatial structures, which appeared in different stages of the lam.‐turb. transition process. We considered cavities of the aspect ratio 9 and curvature parameters Rm=1.5–3.0. Influence of the thermal Rossby number on lam.‐turb. transition process was also investigated. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of a vehicle seat suspension system with pneumatic spring and viscous dampers
Authors: Chamera Sebastian , Maciejewski Igor , Krzyzynski Tomasz 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe paper contains physical and mathematical model of the passive system of seat suspension, used in trucks and buses. Spring force in this system is performed by air spring, whereas damping force is generated by two viscous dampers. Based on the experimental research of characteristic parts of the suspension system, the parameters of mathematical model are determined. Both results of computer simulations and experiments are presented as power spectral density of acceleration courses, measured on seat, in comparison with courses measured on excitation platform in laboratory. Transmissibility of real system and its model are also presented in the paper. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Systematic characterization of the murine mitochondrial proteome using functionally validated cardiac mitochondria
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Xiaohai , Mueller Michael , Wang Yueju , Zong Chenggong , Deng Ning , Vondriska Thomas M. , Liem David A. , Yang Jeong‐In , Korge Paavo , Honda Henry , Weiss James N. , Apweiler Rolf , Ping Peipei 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMitochondria play essential roles in cardiac pathophysiology and the murine model has been extensively used to investigate cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we characterized murine cardiac mitochondria using an LC/MS/MS approach. We extracted and purified cardiac mitochondria; validated their functionality to ensure the final preparation contains necessary components to sustain their normal function; and subjected these validated organelles to LC/MS/MS‐based protein identification. A total of 940 distinct proteins were identified from murine cardiac mitochondria, among which, 480 proteins were not previously identified by major proteomic profiling studies. The 940 proteins consist of functional clusters known to support oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism, and biogenesis. In addition, there are several other clusters, including proteolysis, protein folding, and reduction/oxidation signaling, which ostensibly represent previously under‐appreciated tasks of cardiac mitochondria. Moreover, many identified proteins were found to occupy other subcellular locations, including cytoplasm, ER, and golgi, in addition to their presence in the mitochondria. These results provide a comprehensive picture of the murine cardiac mitochondrial proteome and underscore tissue‐ and species‐specification. Moreover, the use of functionally intact mitochondria insures that the proteomic observations in this organelle are relevant to its normal biology and facilitates decoding the interplay between mitochondria and other organelles.
Copolymerization of ethylene with cycloolefins by titanium complexes containing tridentate [o−NSR] ligands
Authors: Gao Ming‐Li , Sun Xiu‐Li , Gu Yue‐Feng , Yao Xiao‐Li , Li Chuan‐Feng , Bai Ji‐Ye , Wang Cong , Ma Zhi , Tang Yong , Xie Zuowei , Bu Shi‐Zheng , Qian Changtao 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA family of titanium complexes of the general formula [N‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐2‐alkylsulfanylanilinato]Ti(IV)Cl3
5a–f was prepared from the reaction of TiCl4 with the potassium salts of the corresponding ligands. These complexes were fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. The molecular structures of 5b and 5e were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. Complexes 5a–f (except for 5c) exhibited good to high catalytic activities in ethylene copolymerization with cycloolefins such as norbornene, cyclopentene, dicyclopentadiene in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane. The reaction conditions and the steric hindrance of the alkyl substituents on sulfur atom in the precatalysts influenced strongly the copolymerization behaviors and the structures of the resultant copolymers. Complex 5c with bulky tert‐butylthio sidearm showed both low catalytic activity and comonomer incorporation ratio. The n‐alkylthio complexes 5a, 5d–f all exhibited good ethylene copolymerization capabilities with cycloolefins, which is superior to the corresponding phenylthio complex 5g. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JPolym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2807–2819, 2008
Bidentate coordination effect on polycondensation of amino acid esters between metal triflates and methoxy groups
Authors: Nemoto Tadamasa , Naka Kensuke , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo study the bidentate coordination effect on the polycondensation of L‐valinates between metal triflates as a Lewis acid and methoxy groups, we carried out the polycondensation of 2‐methoxy‐4‐nitrophenyl L‐valinate (1a) and 2‐methoxyphenyl L‐valinate (1b) in the presence of the various kinds of rare‐earth triflates in DMF solution at room temperature. The polymerizations of 1a did not proceed without any metal triflates. In the presence of 5 mol% triflates, especially Sc(OTf)3, the polymerization proceeded effectively. After the reaction mixture was poured into water, the product was collected, which was recognized as poly(L‐valine)s by FTIR spectrum and GPC measurement. The yield of the product from the polymerization of 1a with Sc(OTf)3 was higher than that from the polymerization of 4‐nitrophenyl L‐valinate (1c) with Sc(OTf)3. This result indicates that the polymerization of 1a was promoted to introduce the methoxy group on the o‐position of the phenyl ring at the ester group with the aim of the bidentate coordination effect between metal triflates and L‐valinate. As a control experiment, we carried out the polycondensation of 1b in the presence of 5 mol% metal triflates; however, any polymerization did not proceeded. That reason is from the lower activity of activated L‐valinate (1b). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2864–2868, 2008
Living ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone with Ti alkoxides derived from the Cp2TiCl‐catalyzed SET reduction of aldehydes
Authors: Asandei Alexandru D. , Chen Yanhui , Adebolu Olumide I. , Simpson Christopher P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA series of substituted benzaldehydes were investigated as initiators for the living ring‐opening polymerization (LROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL) mediated by titanium alkoxides obtained from the Cp2TiCl‐catalyzed single electron transfer (SET) reduction of the carbonyl group following the in situ reduction of Cp2TiCl2 with Zn. The aldehyde initiation was demonstrated (NMR) by the presence of the initiator derived fragment on the polycaprolactone (PCL) chain end. The effect of the nature of the aldehyde functionality (R‐Ph‐CHO, R = H, Cl, PhCH2O, NMe2, CH3O, NO2, and CHO), reagent ratios ([CL]/[aldehyde] = 50/1 to 400/1, [aldehyde]/[Cp2TiCl2] = 1/1 to 1/4, and [Cp2TiCl2]/[Zn] = 1/0.5 to 1/2), and temperature (T = 75–120 °C) was investigated over a wide range of values to reveal a living polymerization in all cases with an optimum observed at 90 °C with typical stoichiometric ratios of [CL]/[aldehyde]/[Cp2TiCl2]/[Zn] = 100/1/1/2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2869–2877, 2008
A novel nanoporous structure on the surface of bubbles in polycarbonate foams
Authors: Fukasawa Yoshihito , Chen Jienbin , Saito Hiromu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe found that novel nanoporous structures such as ellipsoidal‐ or string‐shaped nanopores were formed on the surface of the spherical bubbles in polycarbonate foams by annealing CO2‐saturated polycarbonate. The pores were surrounded by polycarbonate nanofibrils, and birefringence with spherical symmetry was seen on the surface of the spherical bubbles. Thus, the formation of such a characteristic structure might be attributed to orientation‐induced crystallization of CO2‐saturated polycarbonate on the surface of the bubbles and the exclusion of CO2 from the fibrillar crystals thus obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 843–846, 2008
Thermomechanical and Morphological Characteristics of Cross‐Linked GAP and GAP–HTPB Networks with Different Diisocyanates
Authors: Mathew Suresh , Manu S. K. , Varghese T. L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the mechanical and thermal characterisation of cross‐linked glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and GAP–hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) networks. Cross‐linked GAP and GAP–HTPB networks were prepared by reacting GAP diol and GAP–HTPB diol mixture with different diisocyanates. The physical and mechanical characteristics were found to be influenced by the type of isocyanate curing agents, [NCO]/[OH] equivalent ratios and concentration of GAP. For all the three types of curing agents, GAP–HTPB blends of 50 : 50 to 30 : 70 ratios show higher mechanical strength over the virgin networks of GAP or HTPB. Thermal decomposition of cross‐linked GAP–HTPB networks was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic parameters for the decomposition of GAP–HTPB blends were found to be dependant on the concentration of GAP and HTPB in the blend. The cross‐linked GAP–HTPB blends were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The glass transition characteristics of the blends were evaluated by DMA and it was found that blends prepared with GAP content up to 30% showed single transition in the loss tangent trace indicating no phase separation in the cured network.
The role of combined addition of Ti and B in magnetic hardening of devitrified Pr2Fe14B/(Fe3B,α‐Fe) nanocomposite magnets
Authors: Zhang W. Y. , Stoica M. , Eckert J. , Chang H. W. , Chang W. C. , Ehrenberg H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPr2Fe14B/(Fe3B,α‐Fe) nanocomposite magnets with high coercivity have been prepared by devitrification of Pr9Fe88.5–xTi2.5Bx(x= 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15) amorphous ribbons. Similar to Zr and Nb, Ti substitutes rare earth sites and participates in forming the (Pr,Ti)2Fe14B phase. The increasing amount of nonmagnetic TiB2with increasingxin the nanocomposite magnets may precipitate along the grain boundaries and refine the microstructure by inhibiting the grain growth, and results in a continuous increase of coercivity. It also leads to an increase of the fraction of soft phases in the nanocomposites, which enhances the remanence. The squareness of the demagnetization curves is also improved by appropriate B addition. As a result, the energy product attains a maximum value of 129.6 kJ/m3forx= 13. A more obvious shoulder and significantly enhanced coercivity (2424 kA/m) in the hysteresis curves at 70 K was observed for the sample withx= 15 in comparison with the ribbon withx= 7. This further demonstrates that B addition promotes the formation of TiB2and the Fe3B soft phase in good agreement with XRD results. Accordingly, the introduction of a proper amount of nonmagnetic phases can enhance the magnetic properties of the nanocomposite magnets. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlation between optical properties of MBE films of AlN and morphology of their surface
Authors: Svitasheva S. N. , Mansurov V. G. , Zhuravlev K. S. , Nikitin A. Yu. , Sheglov D. V. , Pecz B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this work we revealed correlation between presence of surface defects and peculiarities in ellipsometric spectra and hence in optical properties of AlN films grown by ammonia MBE technique. We propose to use this fact for the fast and non‐destructive checking of film quality. Principal criterions of AlN films quality was both magnitude of phase deviation in maximum and/or a value of false (effective) absorption in transparency field of AlN calculated in according with our model. Our experiments were based on using of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for determination of geometric size of overlayer roughness. Quantitative parameter related with surface morphology γs was proposed and influence of surface defects upon phase of light reflected was studied to evaluate surface quality from ellipsometric spectra at once, i.e. without any model calculations. Besides, an impact of surface defects upon film extinction coefficient is demonstrated in case when roughness is not taken into account. This approach could be useful for sorting identical films produced in routine growth procedure. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)