bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: A manifestation of the brain in distress?
Authors: Berga Sarah L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to highlight important concepts regarding the bidirectional interactions between the brain and the ovary that may enhance our understanding of the presentation and treatment of depression in women. In so doing, areas in need of, and opportunities for, investigative attention will be identified. The potential clinical implications of these concepts also are reviewed with the aim of sensitizing mental health clinicians to the possibility that stress‐induced reproductive dysfunction may respond to psychological interventions. Depression 3:28–32 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sertraline in the treatment of women with postpartum major depression
Authors: Stowe Zachary N. , Casarella Jennifer , Landry Jacque , Nemeroff Charles B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNo consensus has yet been reached as to whether or not postpartum depression (PPD) represents a distinct clinical entity. Despite the increasing evidence that gender differences may exist in antidepressant treatment response, there is an absence of studies in women with postpartum onset of major depression. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), sertraline, in the treatment of women with a major depressive episode (MDE) that occurred within 6 months of childbirth using an 8 week, prospective, open‐labelled design. Further, we sought to determine if the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was a useful instrument to monitor the clinical response to drug treatment. Twenty‐six postpartum women who fulfilled DSM‐IIIR criteria for major depressive episode, non‐psychotic, with symptom onset within 6 months postpartum were enrolled in the study. Biweekly assessments included physician and self‐rated depression measures. Twenty‐one of the women (81%) completed the 8 week study; 20 women exhibited a salutary response as defined by > 50% reduction from baseline in SIGH‐D scores (mean reduction = 15.7 points). Fourteen women demonstrated complete symptom remission with recovery of function (SIGH‐D < 7, CGI = 1, GAP > 80) upon completion of the 8 week study. Three women experienced significant side effects; these included gastrointestinal disturbance (n =1) and anorgasmia (n = 2). Our results indicate that: (1) sertraline is a highly efficacious and well‐tolerated treatment for women with postpartum depression; (2) the EPDS is comparable to the BDI and SIGH‐D for monitoring treatment response in women with postpartum onset MDE; (3) PPD (MDE onset within 4 weeks postpartum, as defined by DSM IV) required significantly less medication and tended to respond faster than MDE onset after 4 weeks postpartum; and (4) the rapid response rate underscores the need to conduct placebo‐controlled studies in this population. Depression 3:49–55 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Therapeutic alternatives to the tricyclics in the treatment of major depression
Authors: Dunner David L. , Montgomery Stuart A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAround 8% of the industrialized world are affected by major depressive disorder, which is often a recurrent or chronic disorder. Although a common condition, it is under‐recognized and under‐treated in the primary care setting. When it is diagnosed, long‐term treatment is often needed and tolerability is an important consideration. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRb) are as effective as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), but are not associated with their often unacceptable and sometimes serious side‐effects. In this review, SSRIs are explored as therapeutic alternatives to TCAs for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Depression 3:215–224 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depression, object relations, and reality testing in women survivors of childhood abuse
Authors: Carson Ann T. , Baker Richard C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between history of childhood abuse and intensity and type of depression, object relations (OR), and reality testing (RT). Subjects were 172 adult female volunteers from a university, grouped according to history of sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, or having had an alcohol‐abusing parent. Comparisons were also conducted between groups with histories of a single form of abuse vs. multiple forms vs. no abuse. The results supported that a history of abuse is associated with introjective (self‐critical) depression (P < .000), and difficulties in interpersonal relationships (P < .000) and reality testing (P < .000). Subjects who had experienced multiple forms of abuse showed greater severity of depressive symptomatology than non‐abused subjects (P < .002), but those who had experienced a single form of abuse did not differ significantly from non‐abused subjects. This indicates that high depression scores may be suggestive of a history of multiple forms of abuse. Treatment implications are discussed. Depression 3:278‐285 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and double depression (dysthymia plus major depression)
Authors: Masand P. S. , Kaplan D. S. , Gupta S. , Bhandary A. N. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been reported in a significant number of adults. To our knowledge, no study has looked at the prevalence of IBS in patients with double depression. Methods: Using a semi‐structured clinical interview to study the prevalence of IBS, we compared 26 patients seeking treatment for double depression (dysthymia plus major depression) to an age‐ and sex‐matched control group of patients (N = 40) who were seeking treatment in a general physician's office for other medical illnesses. The control group did not have any Axis I disorders. IBS was diagnosed according to the criteria of Dross man et al. (Gastroenterol Int 4:159–172, 1990). Results: 57.69% of patients with double depression met criteria for IBS in contrast with 2.5% of the control group (P = 0.0001). Patients with double depression were more likely to complain of symptoms of weakness, nocturnal bowel movements, and gastrointestinal symptoms related to stress as compared to patients in the control group. In 50% of patients, the psychiatric disease preceded the onset of the bowel disease, whereas in 37.5% of patients the bowel symptoms appeared first. Conclusions: IBS is common in patients with double depression. Clinicians should screen patients with psychiatric illness for IBS. Depression 3:303–308 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential impact of the transcriptional repressor Gfi1 on mature CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte function
Authors: Pargmann Denise , Yücel Raif , Kosan Christian , Saba Ingrid , Klein‐Hitpass Ludger , Schimmer Simone , Heyd Florian , Dittmer Ulf , Möröy Tarik 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe transcriptional repressor Gfi1 is a nuclear zinc‐finger protein that is expressed in T cell precursors in the thymus, but is down‐regulated in mature, resting T cells. Gfi1 expression rises transiently to levels seen in thymocytes upon antigenic activation. We show here that lack of Gfi1 causes delayed cell cycle entry and apoptosis after antigenic stimulation in both mature CD4+ and CD8+ T cells ex vivo. DNA micro‐array analysis demonstrated that this correlated with an up‐regulation of the death receptor CD95, the proapoptotic factors Bad and Apaf1 and the cell cycle inhibitor p21, and a down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 expression in Gfi1–/– T cells. Surprisingly, while Gfi1‐deficient CD4+ T cells showed the same defective behavior in vivo, Gfi1‐deficient CD8+ T cells showed no aberration in vivo and were fully able to mount an anti‐viral immune response. This indicates that Gfi1 exerts different functions in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells very likely by maintaining different genetic programs in both cell types, and appears to be essential for the CD4 helper T cell immune response but dispensable for the function of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.
Regulation of constitutive and microbial pathogen‐induced human macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) gene expression
Authors: Roger Thierry , Ding Xavier , Chanson Anne‐Laure , Renner Pascal , Calandra Thierry 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important regulator of innate immunity, inflammation and oncogenesis. However, four decades after its identification, the molecular mechanism(s) regulating the expression of the MIF gene remain largely unknown. Analyses of human monocytic (THP‐1), epithelial (HeLa and A549) and keratinocytic (HaCat) cells transfected with wild‐type, truncated and mutated MIF promoter reporter constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and siRNA inhibition indicated that the transcription factors specificity protein (Sp)1 and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) are critical positive regulators of constitutive human MIF gene expression. Albeit located in a cytosine guanine dinucleotide island, the MIF gene was found to be hypomethylated, an observation consistent with high baseline transcriptional activity. Moreover, stimulation of THP‐1 cells and of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with microbial products up‐regulated phosphorylated Sp1 nuclear content, Sp1 DNA‐binding activity, MIF promoter activity and MIF mRNA levels in a MEK1/2‐, Sp1‐dependent manner. Taken together with previous observations of an important role for MIF in pro‐inflammatory macrophage responses, these present findings suggest a key role for Sp1 and CREB in transcriptional regulation of MIF gene expression and MIF‐dependent host antimicrobial innate immune defense.
Treatment of lupus‐prone mice with a dual inhibitor of TLR7 and TLR9 leads to reduction of autoantibody production and amelioration of disease symptoms
Authors: Barrat Franck J. , Meeker Thea , Chan Jean H. , Guiducci Cristiana , Coffman Robert L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe presence of autoantibodies specific for nucleic acid‐associated antigens is the hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have recently developed a specific inhibitor of TLR7 and TLR9, called immunoregulatory sequence (IRS) 954, and showed that it inhibits the induction of IFN‐α by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to DNA and RNA viruses and isolated immune complexes from lupus patients. In this study, we show that IRS 954 can prevent progression of disease when injected in the lupus prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. Following treatment, we observed a significant reduction of serum levels of nucleic acid‐specific autoantibodies as well as decreased proteinuria, reduced glomerulonephritis, end‐organ damage and increased survival. These data demonstrate that in addition to its ability to block IFN‐α, IRS 954 can reduce symptoms in a lupus model and thus represents a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of SLE.
Seismic behaviour of shallow foundations: Shaking table experiments vs numerical modelling
Authors: Paolucci Roberto , Shirato Masahiro , Yilmaz M. Tolga 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe capability of a simplified approach to model the behaviour of shallow foundations during earthquakes is explored by numerical simulation of a series of shaking table tests performed at the Public Works Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan. After a summary of the experimental work, the numerical model is introduced, where the whole soil–foundation system is represented by a multi‐degrees‐of‐freedom elasto‐plastic macro‐element, supporting a single degree‐of‐freedom superstructure. In spite of its simplicity and of the large intensity of the excitation involving a high degree of nonlinearity in the foundation response, the proposed approach is found to provide very satisfactory results in predicting the rocking behaviour of the system and the seismic actions transmitted to the superstructure. The agreement is further improved by introducing a simple degradation rule of the foundation stiffness parameters, suitable to capture even some minor details of the observed rocking response. On the other hand, the performance of the model is not fully satisfactory in predicting vertical settlements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of different sealing methods for anodized aluminum‐silicon carbide (Al/SiC) composites using EIS and SEM techniques
Authors: Herrera‐Hernandez H. , Vargas‐Garcia J. R. , Hallen‐Lopez J. M. , Mansfeld F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been used in an investigation of the effectiveness of various sealing methods that can be used to improve the corrosion resistance of an anodized aluminum‐silicon carbide (Al/SiC) composite. Anodic oxide films were grown on Al7075‐T6 and the Al/SiC composite by sulfuric acid anodizing and sealing in a cold saturated solution of nickel acetate. Other samples were sealed using the traditional method of boiling water or hot nickel acetate for comparison. The results revealed a uniform anodized layer on Al7075‐T6 that resisted pitting corrosion for more than 2 weeks exposure to NaCl, whereas a cracked oxide film with variations in thickness was observed on the composite material. Pit initiation occurred in less than 5 days on the anodized Al/SiC that was sealed in the hot solutions. This study suggests that the traditional hot sealing methods did not provide sufficient corrosion protection for aluminum metal–matrix composites (MMCs) because the reinforcing SiC particles deteriorated the surface film structure. However, this defective film can be repaired by nickel hydrate precipitation during cold sealing or by applying a thick polyurethane coating.
Towards a Living Radical Polymerization of Styrene by Using Dithiolactone as a New Type of Mediating Agent
Authors: Soriano‐Moro J. Guillermo , Rico‐Valverde Julio C. , Enriquez‐Medrano Francisco J. , Maldonado‐Textle Hortensia , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo , Acosta‐Ortiz Ricardo , Guerrero‐Santos Ramiro 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this communication, γ‐phenyl‐γ‐butyrodithiolactone (DTL1) is presented as the first example of a new type of control agent. The styrene polymerization carried out at 60 °C in the presence of DTL1 exhibits living characteristics, without consuming DTL1 during the process. This unprecedented behavior was explained by a mechanism based on the reversible formation of a persistent radical adduct between the DTL1 and the polystyrene macroradicals.magnified image
Transient waves in composite‐laminated plates with uncertain load and material property
Authors: Han X. , Jiang C. , Gong S. , Huang Y. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA method is suggested to deal with the wave propagation problems in composite‐laminated plates subjected to uncertainty in load and material property based on the interval analysis method and the hybrid numerical method (HNM). The uncertain parameters are treated as intervals, in which only their bounds of the uncertainty are needed. Using the first‐order Taylor expansion, the transient responses can be approximated as a linear function of the uncertain parameters. In this function, the transient responses at the midpoints of the uncertain parameters can be obtained directly through the HNM. A sensitivity analysis technique is suggested to calculate the first derivative of the transient responses with respect to each uncertain parameter based on two cases that the parameter exists in load or material property. Applying the interval extension in interval mathematics, the lower and upper bounds of the transient responses caused by the uncertainty can be finally obtained. The present method is applied to a numerical example, in which the uncertainty of the load, elastic constants of the layer material and ply orientations are all investigated, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Varenicline, a new treatment option in smoking cessation
Authors: Chaplin Steve , West Robert 
Published: November 2007

AbstractVarenicline is a well‐tolerated novel treatment to aid smoking cessation in adults that is generally more effective than existing smoking cessation aids. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical trial results relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Professor Robert West comments on its place in smoking cessation. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Structural properties of ZnO polymorphs [phys. stat. sol. (b) 244, No. 5, 1538–1543 (2007)]
Authors: Wróbel Jan , Piechota Jacek 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe corrected values for the band gaps Eg, width of valence p‐band Wp, and d‐band position Ed, calculated within the LDA+U approximation for ZnO polymorphs are provided. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Versatile Preparation of Fluorescent Particles Based on Polyphosphazenes: From Micro‐ to Nanoscale
Authors: Zhang Jianxiang , Qiu Liyan , Li Xiaodong , Jin Yi , Zhu Kangjie 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of intrinsically fluorescent hydrophobic and amphiphilic polyphosphazenes with ethyl tryptophan (EtTrp) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments, respectively, are synthesized. Depending on polymer composition and preparation procedure, particles with diameters ranging from micro‐ to nanoscale can be prepared successfully, which might be used as a visible tracer, both in vitro or in vivo, in drug‐ or gene‐delivery systems, as well as in other biomedical studies such as diagnostic medicine and brain research. Most importantly, in combination with the flexible synthesis and versatile modification of polyphosphazene, this method provides a general protocol to engineer a broad range of fluorescent particles with different properties based on diverse polymers.
Degrees of heterogeneity and the survival of an insect population
Authors: Thompson W. A. , Cameron P. J. , Wellington W. G. , Vertinsky I. B. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe results of simulation experiments with a stochastic model incorporating internal and external sources of heterogeneity suggest that the western tent caterpillar is a risk spreader of a type discussed byDen Boer (1968). By maintaining physiological plasticity in its population, M.c. pluviale can survive periods of bad weather and then expand rapidly in an improved climate. Intrinsic variability in the moths’ dispersal capacity also ensures that some will continue to contribute to populations in the climatic refuges where the species persists during unfavorable periods, while others can quickly colonize marginal areas as soon as favorable conditions return. This northern population of the western tent caterpillar seems distinctly less well adapted to a world in which the terrain and the weather are more homogeneous than on the Saanich Peninsula.
Mathematical description of within‐tree distributions of the various developmental stages of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Mayyasi A. M. , Pulley P. E. , Coulson R. N. , DeMichele D. W. , Foltz J. L. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryProbability density functions for the various within‐tree developmental life stages of D. frontalis are derived. The differences between some of these distributions are discussed. The possibility of the existence of a negative feed‐back mechanism which enables the beetle to make optimum utilization of the available resources is proposed. In addition, the concept of an optimum location on the infested bole where the environmental (tree) conditions are such that maximum survivorship occurs is advanced.
Population studies of Cavelerius saccharivorusOkajima (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae): Adult dispersal in relation to the density
Authors: Murai Minoru 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTwo adjacent stations (H and L) were set up to study movement of C. saccharivorus adults in sugarcane fields. At the beginning of the study the density of C. saccharivorus including all stages of development was quite different between the two. The density of the first generation adult on Station H was about 5 times that on Station L. The number of C. saccharivorus on both the stations became almost the same one month after the beginning of the study. At the beginning of the study macropterous adults were more numerous in Station H than in Station L. However percentage of macropterous adults on Station L increased after one month whereas that on Station H declined.About 2,000 marked adults were released on each station during the early period of the emergence of the first generation adult. Marked insects were recaptured on both the stations one month after the release. The adults released on the dense population (H) tended to disperse more actively than those on the scarce population (L). Marked macropterous adults moved more actively than brachypterous ones. The density related dispersal of adults was considered to be an important factor to regulate the population density.
PERENNIAL QUESTIONS
Authors: Silverman Julian 
Published: November 2007

(Editor's Note: in the late 1960s Tempo featured a regular column written by the late Hans Keller entitled ‘The Contemporary Problem’ – an attempt, in the author's inimitable fashion, to probe behind current musical events and put them in perspective. Partly through the nature of that perspective the feature generated lively correspondence. It is our hope to provide a similar service for the 21st century with a new, occasional series of articles by different hands. Rather than suggest that contemporary music has (or is) a problem, or for a single author to encompass it about with obiter dicta, the idea is for writers to sound off about the broader issues of performance, asthetics, comprehension and silent assumption that happen to concern them and which underlie much contemporary musical activity and composition – to ask questions which have been around as long as music has, which rarely get asked and which perhaps have no definitive answer. (They are perhaps all aspects of the largest question of all: ‘What is new music FOR?’)The editor will gladly consider topics, proposals, or answers to these PQs from all quarters. Meanwhile the following essay by Julian Silverman, sparked off by reading the letter from the Scottish composer David Johnson in Tempo 222 (October 2002) – itself prompted by features in two previous issues – seems a good point at which to launch this occasional series. Nothing is more perennial, especially in this age of maximum availability of recorded repertoire, than the question of what do about the past, which is always with us.)