bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symposium on meniere's disease.: Iv. Antigenic excitation in meniere's disease
Authors: Wilson William H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDecision as to the presence of Ménière's disease requires strict adherence to established diagnostic criteria. An etiologic diagnosis becomes mandatory upon determining existence of the disorder. Among several etiologic factors to be considered is antigenic excitation of labyrinthine dysfunction.A primary patho‐physiologic process in Ménière's disease is probably often an abnormal response of select, genetically predisposed cochlear arterioles to systemic stress. Local hypoxia resulting from arteriolar constriction through abnormal catacholamine stimuli may induce a persisting neosynthesis of histamine at the precapillary loop sphincters, as described by Schayer.3 Majno, et al.,4 have demonstrated that the ensuing dilation of the precapillary loops causes an increase in capillary and venule volume with stasis, endothelial cell separation and greater permeability of capillary and venule walls to plasma protein and fluid. Imbalance of circulatory homeostasis in stria vascularis conceivably could result in auditory and vestibular dysfunction. The role antigenic excitation may play in this perverse vascular response deserves exploration.
Symposium on meniere's disease.: Iv. Treatment of meniere's disease by apposition of sodium chloride crystals on the round window
Authors: Arslan Michele 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe apposition of a saturated solution of NaCl into the middle ear of a cat or guinea pig provoked a biphasic vestibular spontaneous picture, which is composed of a first phase of “irritative” signs (nystagmus beating toward the injected side, etc.) and a second phase of “paralytic” signs (nystagmus beating toward the non‐injected side, etc.).Starting from these postulates assumed from our experiments, a new attempt in the treatment of Ménière's disease was deemed justified; and the first cases, which were operated upon in 1968, produced favorable results.The results obtained in 145 cases are reported. The principle upon which this new procedure is based can be defined as follows: by introduction of very small, sterilized NaCl crystals, into the round window niche, an outflow of perilymph through the round window membrane is produced. As a result, an acute ionic and osmotic imbalance between perilymph and endolymph is induced, with a subsequent effect on the endolymphatic hydrops. The technique is described.
Symposium on trauma in otolaryngology. II. Facial fractures related to the orbit.
Authors: Montgomery William W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe diagnosis and management of facial fractures, which are related to the orbit are discussed with special reference to their complications.Uncomplicated fractures of the frontal sinus without displacement require no specific therapy. Open reduction is required for depressed fractures of the anterior frontal sinus wall. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with a frontal sinus fracture can be diagnosed by X‐ray findings and/or the fluorescein test. The direct approach of the osteoplastic frontal sinus operation has been successfully employed for the repair of these dural defects.The diagnosis and various methods for reduction of the zygomatic fracture are discussed. The technique of open reduction and interossius wire fixation has been the technique most frequently employed.Fractures of the ethmoid sinuses are treated expectantly unless complicated by persistent orbital emphysema, hemorrhage, or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. The spinal fluid rhinorrhea from the roof of the ethmoid or cribform plate is repaired, using the septal mucosal flap technique.The diagnosis of maxillary sinus fractures (blow‐out fractures) is discussed with special reference to a comparison between the infraorbital and Caldwell‐Luc approaches.
Symposium on trauma in otolaryngology. III. Fractures of the nose.
Authors: Hinderer Kenneth H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe prominent position of the nose makes it one of the most frequently injured structures of the body. Most physicians are not trained to recognize and treat these injuries.A review of the literature gives very few details as to the technique of handling these injuries or the long term functional problems. Attempts are made at closed reduction and usually the result is far from satisfactory. Many patients are told that nothing can be done at the time, but if they so desire, a corrective operation can be done later.Evaluation and extent of the injury is important for proper approach to the problem. Early prevention of swelling and ecchymosis with restoration of contour, is the key to successful long term results.Anatomically, the nose is made up of four major parts: the bony pyramid, the cartilaginous vault, the lobule and the septum, and are joined together with different kinds of soft tissues which make up a functioning organ. The understanding of this normal anatomy will help to visualize what happens when a severe blow changes these relationships.Fractures of the nose are caused by any type of object. The direction and intensity determines the type and extent of the deformity. This can be illustrated as seen in fist fights, where this is a direct blow, a right or left hook, or an upper cut. Nasal fractures vary greatly in their characteristics, and may be classified as simple, comminuted and compound or a combination of the latter two, and invariably involve the septum. The importance of the septum is that it divides the nose into two air chambers and any change in relationship to the other structures with affect the breathing pattern.
Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, infectious mononucleosis and the epstein‐barr virus
Authors: Strauss Melvin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is the most recently discovered member of the herpesvirus family. This virus has been found to be associated with three well recognized disease entities: Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and infectious mononucleosis (IM). Each of these may manifest itself in a fashion which involves the clinical area of interest of the otolaryngologist. A brief summary of the pertinent clinical aspects and the research findings of the past seven years which have implicated the EBV will be reviewed.
Augmentation mentoplasty — Reflections
Authors: Tresley Ira J. , Kaufman Arenberg I. , Polterock Jerrold 
Published: September 2006

AbstractVarious aspects of augmentation mentoplasty are considered: esthetic considerations and philosophy, psychological considerations, common presenting deformities, and useful grafts and implants. Dr. Tresley's techniques and main complications encountered as well as examples of his results are presented.(This is a review of the philosophy, esthetic judgments, and basic techniques of the late Ira J. Tresley. This manuscript was in preparation by the authors just prior to Dr. Tresley's untimely death and is presented as his last academic work.) (Ed.)
Adenoid hypertrophy, cyanosis and cor pulmonale, in children with congential heart disease
Authors: Freeman William J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo cases of cyanosis and cor pulmonale are presented due to upper airway. Obstruction from enlarged adenoids and to congenital heart disease in order to point up the critical importance of recognizing adenoid hypertrophy in addition to congenital heart disease as a possible cause of cyanosis. In an effort to supply adequate tissue oxygenation for these two growing babies, a cardio‐respiratory system already heavily taxed by severe congenital heart disease, was further chronically compromised by upper airway obstruction from enlarged adenoids. Cardiac operations to relieve the cyanosis, hypoxia, and right ventricular failure were unsuccessful. Simple adenoidectomy accomplished this and thus enhanced the probabilty of survival in these two patients.
Age‐related wave‐form changes OF VIIIth nerve action potentials in rats
Authors: Crowley David E. , Schramm Victor L. , Swain Ronie E. , Swanson Sylvia N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractExamination of click‐evoked VIIIth nerve actio potentials (AP) recorded from the round windw of anesthetized rats at ages of one, six, 12, 18 and 24 months reveals that: 1. Visual detectio levels for AP increase by 17.5 db from six to 24 months of age; 2. N1 voltage increases to a maximum at six or 12 months, depending on click level, and then declines to 24 months; 3. N2 voltage increases from one to six months but does not show a regular decline thereafter: 4. The voltage of the positive peak separating N1 from N2 shows irregular age changes; 5. N1 latency does not change significantly with advancing age; and 6. N1‐N2 latency is reduced between one and 12 months but remains relatively stable thereafter.
Symposium on tympanoplasty. III. Tympanoplasty: Ossicular chain reconstruction
Authors: Pulec Jack L. , Sheehy James L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPermanent restoration of hearing with neither conductive nor sensorineural impairment is the goal of functional reconstruction in tympanoplasty. Many changes and modifications of technique have occurred to accomplish these ends in the past 10 years.1,2The purpose of this paper is to present the technique used by members of the Otologic Medical Group and to comment on the use of homograft ossicles in over 700 cases.
Subglottic hemangioma in infants
Authors: Feuerstein Sidney S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of seven cases of subglottic hemangioma in infants ranging in age from three weeks to 18 months is being presented. These cases were treated between 1958 and 1972. There was no sexual preponderance, four cases being male and three female. All cases presented with severe upper respiratory obstruction requiring immediate tracheoscopy and tracheotomy. Two cases presented with simultaneous cutaneous hemangiomata of the back. Careful post‐tracheotomy observation is stressed to insure adequate pulmonary ventilation. Repeat bronchoscopy for aspiration of retained secretions and removal of a polyp at the tracheostomy was necessary in one case. Blood gas analysis for PCO2 and Po2 to determine extent of chronic hypoxia is recommended; also chest X‐rays may reveal evidence of cardio‐megaly, especially of the right ventricle as seen in chronic pulmonary hypertension secondary to alveolar hypoventilation.Gradual involution of the hemangioma after 12 months of age is to be expected. In those cases with associated cutaneous lesions, the resolution of the skin lesion may be used as a guide to determine the extent of resolution of the tracheal lesions. Lateral X‐rays of the trachea and barium studies of the upper esophagus are helpful to demonstrate the extent of the subglottic mass and also the degree of involvement of the party wall between the esophagus and trachea.One dose of radiotherapy was administered in only one case.Careful repeat tracheoscopy is recommended prior to decannulation to insure an adequate airway. Cortico‐steroids and cryotherapy were not used in these cases.All infants survived, and two of the more recent cases have not been de‐cannulated to date.
Postoperative problems of tracheal resection
Authors: Rabuzzi Daniel D. , Halsey William S. , Ikins Philip M. , Reed George F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWith the advent of the intermittent positive pressure breathing apparatus and cuffed endotracheal tubes, the problem of tracheal stenosis has increased in both incidence and severity. The lesion may be at the tracheotomy stoma or at the site of the tracheal tube cuff, or both. Treatment of severe cases revolves around primary tracheal resection and anastomosis, often with laryngeal release procedures. This report reviews all cases of tracheal stenosis and resection at the Upstate Medical Center, and presents postoperative problems of significance.Twenty‐three consecutive cases of tracheal stenosis were found, 20 of which followed tracheotomy. These were equally prevalent at both stomal and cuff sites, contributing factors being infection and mechanical ventilators, respectively, Eighteen patients were operated upon, all but two undergoing direct resection with end‐to‐end anastomosis. Laryngeal release was performed simultaneously in seven patients.Despite particular postoperative care, 50 percent (9/18) developed significant complications after surgery, including re‐stenosis and/or granulation tissue formation, aspiration, innominate artery hemorrhage, and vocal cord paralysis. These problems ensued despite neck bracing, antibiotics and steroids, and meticulous surgical technique. Two of the patients with re‐stenosis could be controlled only by another tracheal resection.The control of superimposed infection, painstaking surgical manipulation, and relaxation of all tension on the anastomosis line by extensive tracheal mobilization are all methods used to circumvent these problems. Although laryngeal release will allow increased tracheal mobility in and of itself, it also may cause deglutitive dysfunction, as seen in several of our patients and should be used with discretion.
Audiometry and tympanometry in relation to middle ear effusions in children
Authors: Bluestone Charles D. , Beery Quinter C. , Paradise Jack L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn a group of 84 children with concurrent or recent middle ear disease, tympanometry and air‐conduction audiometry were compared in their ability to predict whether or not middle ear effusion was present. In addition, in children with effusions, correlations were sought between audiometric and tympanometric measurements, and the viscosity of liquids found at myringotomy.The clinical descriptions of effusions matched, in general, measurements of their viscosity.Effusions were found at myringotomy almost as often in ears with average air‐conduction thresholds below 25 db as in those with higher thresholds; in both groups an appreciable proportion of the effusions was of high viscosity.Tympanometric patterns, representing tympanic membrane compliance and middle ear air pressure, were of five general types. Effusions were found at myringotomy in most of the ears with low tympanic membrane compliance, but were not found when both tympanic membrane compliance and middle ear air pressure were normal.Sixteen ears with average air‐conduction thresholds below 25 db, but found to contain effusions at myringotomy, also had received pre‐operative tympanometry: in each instance tympanic membrane compliance had been abnormally low.The existence of negative middle ear air pressure suggests the possibility of Eustachian tubal obstruction, but the definition and conditions of abnormal levels in children remain to be established. Children with high negative middle ear air pressure should probably be considered at otologic risk.Tympanometry appears to be a reliable method for detecting the presence of middle ear effusion in children, and, therefore, should prove valuable for screening.
Loose areolar connective tissue: A graft for otologic surgery
Authors: Moon Cary N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLoose connective tissue is available through a superior auricular incision, or through an endaural or postauricular approach. Storrs1 described use of fascia for tympanoplasty and stapedectomy. Goodman2,3 reported his experiences with areolar tissue grafts for tympanoplasty and stapedectomy. Farrior4 illustrates the use of loose connective tissue in the Atlases, Tympanoplasty in 3‐D, and in the movie “Modern Ear Surgery.” Moon5 reported on use of areolar connective tissue closure of the oval window in stapedectomy.Loose connective tissue originates from the mesenchyma. The histology and functions of loose connective tissue are such as to support its suitability for grafting in middle ear and mastoid surgery. The operative technique of obtaining this graft is described. Loose connective tissue has been used in stapedectomy, tympanoplasty, and mastoidectomy with satisfactory results.
Surgical management of chronic paranasal sinusitis
Authors: Eichel Berkley S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn attempt is being made to try to standardize an approach to surgical problems involving the paranasal sinuses, excluding malignancies. This is being done in conformity with a definition proposed by Ferris Smith in 1934 along with certain up‐to‐date modifications.There are five basic surgical operations commonly and effectively utilized in approaching these sinus problems. Three of these procedures, namely, the nasal antral window, the Caldwell‐Luc, and the intranasal ethmoidectomy, are felt to be best utilized in the primary approach to the majority of inflammatory problems. The remaining two procedures, the fronto‐ethmo‐sphenoid sinusotomy and the osteoplastic frontal flap, are advocated primarily in approaching space occupying lesions, excluding polyps, and secondarily where attempts to manage the problem by the first three lesser surgical procedures have been unsuccessful.The merits, goals, and indications of all five procedures are discussed. In many instances two procedures may have equal effectiveness in handling a patient's particular problem, and the procedure of choice rests with the personal preference of the individual surgeon. At other times an inappropriate procedure may not benefit the patient while a properly selected operation could readily enable a cure. It is in this latter area of selecting the appropriate surgical procedure to attack a particular problem that a serious deficit now exists in the practice of otolaryngology. It is the further contention of this presentation that these five basic procedures can effectively handle the majority of chronically diseased paranasal sinusitis problems. It is unfortunate that the one procedure that is the most effective and the most physiological in handling the majority of the more difficult problems, namely, the intranasal ethmoidectomy, was allowed to fall into near disrepute by a historical misunderstanding.0
The mucoperiosteal flap in frontal sinus surgery. (the sewall‐boyden‐mcnaught operation.)
Authors: Baron Shirley H. , Dedo Herbert H. , Henry Charles R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe problem with the Lynch operation for frontal sinus disease is the high incidence of failures (30 percent) due to the closure of the nasofrontal communication. It seems to us that the use of permanent (Dacron, described as recently as 1972) or temporary (Portex) indwelling tubes to preserve this communication is unreasonable when there is available an operation that requires no gadgets. This is the mucoperiosteal flap operation. This has several advantages over the osteoplastic flap‐fat obliteration procedure. It is performed through a Killian‐type incision through which surgical treatment of the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses can also be done (not possible with the osteoplastic approach). It is less formidable and not deforming, and there is no concern about the possibility of developing secondary mucoceles. The incidence of failures is extremely low. The probable reason that it is not used more is that it is not well known.It was demonstrated by Sewall and McNaught that an operative nasofrontal duct remains open if one side is epithelized. Sewall, in 1935, described a medially based mucoperiosteal flap to provide this epithelium. He described a Lynch type approach with a Killian incision. The lateral bony wall of the nose is removed carefully to the underlying mucoperiosteum. When a large enough area of the membrane is exposed, two cuts are made vertically and one horizontally, thus forming a flap, based on the septum, that eventually will be turned up into the frontal sinus after the proper surgery on the frontal sinus, the glabella, the anterior ethmoids and posterior ethmoids and sphenoid sinus, if necessary, is done. The flap is held in place with a Portex tube which is removed in seven days.McNaught, in 1936, described a laterally based mucoperiosteal flap for use in cases with large frontal sinuses with narrow nasal vaults, and particularly those with bilateral involvement. He used Lothrop's operation for removing the interfrontal septum, all the nasal portion of the floor of both frontal sinuses, and the upper part of the anterior portion of the bony nasal septum, thus making a large opening into the nose. The opening is lined unilaterally or bilaterally with mucoperiosteal flaps based from the mucosa under the nasal process of the maxilla and cut from the nasal septum and then turned into the frontal sinus over the periosteum of the orbit after the frontoethmoidal surgery has been completed.We believe that the mucoperiosteal flap operation is the best available for external surgery of the frontal sinus. The exception is in the large osteoma for which the osteoplastic flap operation is better.
Clinical evaluation of the hot caloric test as a screening procedure
Authors: Dayal Vijay S. , Farkashidy Joseph , Kuzin Betty 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA clinical assessment of the relative values of the hot, the cold and the bithermal hot and cold caloric tests was carried out in a group of normals as compared to patients suffering from vestibular neuronitis, Ménière's disease, head injuries and acoustic neuromas. Results indicate that the hot or the cold test alone does not provide as much information as the bithermal test. A correlation of this result was made to the presence of a spontaneous nystagmus, positional nystagmus and directional preponderance. These forms of nystagmus present are unable to predict the indication for the hot caloric test alone. It is concluded that bithermal tests be continued until further progress on standardization and normal data are available for each of the three sets of tests, obtained separately.