bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling properties of Canadian flood flows
Authors: Yue Sheng , Gan Thian Yew 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the spatial scaling properties of Canadian flood flows, namely, annual maximum mean 1‐, 5‐ and 7‐day flows using both the product moments (PMs) and probability weighted moments (PWMs). Both approaches demonstrate that flood flows in climatic regions 1 (Pacific), 2 (South British Columbia mountains), 3 (Yukon and northern British Columbia), 6 (Northeastern forest), 7 (Great Lakes and St. Lawrence rivers), 8 (Atlantic), and 10 (Arctic tundra) exhibit simple scaling with scaling exponent θ/H close to 0·90, while flood flows in regions 4 (Prairie provinces), 5 (Northwestern forest), and 9 (Mackenzie) does not with scaling exponent θ/H close to 0·50. The plots of coefficient of variations of flood flows versus drainage area indicate that Cv remains almost constant in regions 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 10, while it decreases as drainage area increases in regions 4, 5, and 9. These results demonstrate that the index flood method is applicable in climatic regions 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 10, while it is not in climatic regions 4, 5, and 9. The physical backgroud of the simple scaling of flood flows in most Canadian climatic regions is that snowmelt or rain‐on‐snow runoff is a dominant flood‐generating mechanism across the country. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is norepinephrine an etiological factor in some types of cancer?
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractI examine evidence that the signaling molecule norepinephrine (NE) is an etiological factor in some types of cancer. In support of this hypothesis, I cite the following 7 lines of evidence: (i) rodent studies of tumorigenesis in the context of NE manipulation; (ii) human studies of tricyclic antidepressant use and cancer rate; (iii) existence of pheochromocytoma, a cancer of the adrenal glands; (iv) cancer rate in families with individuals who have bipolar disorder; (v) hypertension and cancer risk; (vi) excessive body weight and cancer risk; and (vii) psychological stressors and cancer risk. Three aspects of the body's NE system are consistent with it playing an etiological role in various types of cancer: (i) NE circulates in the blood and can thereby access organ systems throughout the body, in addition to direct peripheral release by the sympathetic nervous system and being released within the brain; (ii) many of the body's organs possess NE receptors on the outer surface of at least some of their cells; (iii) by binding to its extracellular receptors, NE affects intracellular second messenger systems that could influence carcinogenesis. Most importantly, use of existing pharmaceutical drugs that either lower the level of NE (such as clonidine) or block NE receptors may lower the probability of an individual developing cancer, and this hypothesis could be tested immediately by an epidemiologist through examination of existing medical records. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor resistance to apoptosis
Authors: Fulda Simone 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOne of the hallmarks of human cancers is the intrinsic or acquired resistance to apoptosis. Evasion of apoptosis may contribute to carcinogenesis, tumor progression and also to treatment resistance, since most current anticancer therapies including chemotherapy, radio‐ and immunotherapy primarily act by activating cell death pathways including apoptosis in cancer cells. Hence, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor resistance to apoptotic cell death is expected to provide the basis for a rational approach to develop molecular targeted therapies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metronomic scheduling of imatinib abrogates clonogenicity of neuroblastoma cells and enhances their susceptibility to selected chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Palmberg Ebba , Johnsen John Inge , Paulsson Janna , Gleissman Helena , Wickström Malin , Edgren Margareta , Östman Arne , Kogner Per , Lindskog Magnus 
Published: October 2008

AbstractImatinib is currently in early clinical trials as targeted therapy for relapsed neuroblastomas and other childhood solid tumors expressing platelet‐derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) or c‐Kit. Short‐term treatment with imatinib in clinically achievable concentrations is ineffective in neuroblastoma in vitro. However, clinically, imatinib is administered daily over long time periods. The effects of combining imatinib with chemotherapy in neuroblastoma are unknown. Here, a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines (n = 5) were studied, representing tumors with different biological (MYCN‐amplification +/−) and clinical (drug resistance) features. Using a protracted low‐dose treatment schedule (1–3 weeks; 0.5–5μM) imatinib dose‐dependently inhibited proliferation and clonogenic survival for all tested cell lines with IC50 <2.5μM. In contrast, short‐term treatment (<96 hrs) was ineffective. Low‐dose imatinib was synergistic in combination with doxorubicin and caused increased G2/M‐ and S‐phase arrest and apoptosis as evidenced by enhanced caspase‐3 activation and sub‐G1 DNA accumulation. A significant but less pronounced effect was observed when imatinib was combined with etoposide or vincristine, as opposed to cisplatin, melphalan, or irinotecan. All cell lines expressed PDGFRβ, whereas no protein expression of PDGFRα was detected in MYCN amplified cell lines. PDGF‐BB caused PDGFRβ phosphorylation and partially rescued neuroblastoma cells from doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis, in an imatinib‐sensitive manner. In vivo, treatment with imatinib in combination with doxorubicin induced a significant growth inhibition of established neuroblastoma xenografts. These findings suggest clinical testing of imatinib in combination with selected chemotherapeutic drugs, in particular doxorubicin, in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Antitumor effects of a novel sulfur‐containing hydroxamate histone deacetylase inhibitor H40
Authors: Long Juan , Zhao Jinyan , Yan Zheng , Liu Ziliang , Wang Nan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are among the most promising targeted anticancer agents and are potent inducers of growth arrest, differentiation, and/or apoptotic cell death of transformed cells. In this study, antitumor effects of a novel sulfur‐containing hydroxamate HDAC inhibitor, H40, were observed and compared with a typical HDAC inhibitor SAHA. In biochemical HDAC assay, H40 showed a potent HDAC inhibition. It induced histone H3 hyperacetylation, correlating with inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of cell differentiation and cell cycle blockage. A broad cytotoxicity was observed across cell lines from different tumor entities. The autophagy rather than apoptosis inducing activity for both H40 and SAHA was observed in prostate cancer PC‐3M cells. HDAC inhibitor‐induced p21CIP/WAF1 expression was evident in PC‐3M and HL‐60 cell lines. The in vivo efficacy of H40 against a murine prostate carcinoma TRAMP‐C2 was compared with that of SAHA, which showed that H40 exerted a favorable antitumor action when only administered twice a week. We conclude that H40 might have clinical value in cancer chemotherapy and warrants further investigation in this regard. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different outcome of invasive cervical cancer associated with high‐risk versus intermediate‐risk HPV genotype
Authors: de Cremoux Patricia , de la Rochefordière Anne , Savignoni Alexia , Kirova Youlia , Alran Séverine , Fourchotte Virginie , Plancher Corine , Thioux Martine , Salmon Rémy J. , Cottu Paul , Mignot Laurent , Sastre‐Garau Xavier 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) DNA sequences are associated with the large majority of invasive cervical carcinoma but the role of specific genotype(s) in the outcome of the disease is still debated. To determine the viral epidemiology in the French population of patients and the prognostic value of HPV genotypes in cervical cancer, we performed a retrospective study in 515 patients treated in our Institution from 1985 to 2005. Ninety‐six percent of the cases were found associated with HPV DNA whereas 4% remained HPV negative. High‐risk HPV 16/18 genotypes were found in 70% of the cases. HPV 18 was more frequently associated with adenocarcinoma (40.6%) than HPV 16 (10.4%) and found in tumours developed in younger women (mean age, 45.8 years) than HPV 16 (48.3 years) or other HPV types (53.6 years). In multivariate analysis, node involvement (p < 0.0001), parametria invasion (p = 0.009), tumour size (p = 0.01) and HPV status (p = 0.02) were associated with disease‐free survival (median follow‐up 95 months). Disease outcome was better in tumours associated with intermediate risk HPV types (HPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 52, 53, 58, 59, 73) than in tumours with high oncogenic types (HPV 16, 18, 45) (p = 0.03). Node status and tumour size remained prognostic factor for overall survival. Our data show that HPV genotype is one of the biological factors associated with the outcome of cervical cancer. One third of invasive carcinoma were not associated with HPV 16/18, indicating that the screening for cervical neoplasia should be maintained after prophylactic vaccination against these HPV genotypes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transketolase‐like protein 1 (TKTL1) is required for rapid cell growth and full viability of human tumor cells
Authors: Xu Xiaojun , zur Hausen Axel , Coy Johannes F. , Löchelt Martin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCancer cells display high rates of aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. Lactate and pyruvate, the end products of glycolysis, are overproduced by cancer cells even in the presence of oxygen. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) allows glucose conversion to ribose for nucleic acid synthesis, glucose degradation to lactate, and regeneration of redox equivalents. The nonoxidative part of the PPP is controlled by transketolase (TKT) enzymes. One TKT isoform, the transketolase‐like protein 1 (TKTL1) is specifically upregulated in different human cancers and its overexpression predicts a poor patient's survival. This finding implicates that an increased TKTL1 expression may activate the PPP leading to enhanced cancer cell growth and survival. To analyze the functional role of TKTL1 in malignant progression, we inhibited TKTL1 by RNAi technologies in human HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. TKTL1 suppression resulted in a significantly slowed cell growth, glucose consumption and lactate production. In TKTL1 knockdown‐cells, the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were not significantly increased, whereas the sensitivity towards oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis was clearly enhanced. These data provide new clues on the importance of TKTL1 dys‐regulation in tumor cells and indicate that TKTL1 overexpression may be considered not only as a new tumor marker but also as a good target for anticancer therapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase reduces Apcmin/+ tumorigenesis
Authors: Bogan Christina , Chen Jin , O'Sullivan M. Gerard , Cormier Robert T. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Eph receptor A2 (EphA2) is overexpressed in a range of human epithelial cancers, a phenotype that is associated with cancer cell proliferation, progression and angiogenesis. Mouse models of mammary neoplasia have confirmed the role of EphA2 as mice carrying a knockout allele of EphA2 were resistant to breast cancer, a phenotype that was associated with interactions between EphA2 and ErbB2. We investigated in vivo the role of EphA2 in GI cancer. To determine whether EphA2 influences intestinal tumorigenesis, we used qRT‐PCR to examine the mRNA expression levels of EphA2 in tumors from the small intestine and colon of ApcMin/+ mice. We found that EphA2 was significantly up‐regulated in tumors from both regions when compared with normal control tissues. We then evaluated the spatial expression patterns of EphA2 protein using immunohistochemistry in both the small intestine and colon and found that in normal tissues EphA2 was robustly expressed in highly differentiated cells, such as cells of the villi, but that EphA2 expression was largely absent from the stem cell niche and proliferative zones of intestinal crypts. In contrast, in tumors EphA2 was broadly expressed. Finally, we created a strain of ApcMin/+ mice carrying a genetic knockout of the EphA2 gene. These mice developed significantly fewer and smaller tumors in both the small and large intestine. Overall, our results indicate that EphA2 plays an oncogenic role in the mammalian intestine suggesting that strategies to target EphA2 activity may offer new therapeutic modalities for colorectal cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circumcision and sexual behavior: Factors independently associated with human papillomavirus detection among men in the HIM study
Authors: Giuliano Anna R. , Lazcano Eduardo , Villa Luisa Lina , Flores Roberto , Salmeron Jorge , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Papenfuss Mary , Abrahamsen Martha , Baggio Maria Luiza , Silva Roberto , Quiterio Manuel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThere is growing interest in understanding human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related disease among men. To date there have been numerous studies reporting HPV DNA prevalence among men from several different countries, however, few have incorporated multivariable analyses to determine factors independently associated with male HPV detection. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors independently associated with HPV detection in men ages 18–70 years residing in Brazil (n = 343), Mexico (n = 312), and the United States (US) (n = 333). In samples combined from the coronal sulcus, glans penis, shaft, and scrotum, we evaluated factors associated with any, oncogenic, and nononcogenic HPV infections. In multivariable analyses, detection of any HPV infection was significantly associated with reported race of Asian/Pacific Islander, lifetime and recent number of sexual partners, and having sex in the past 3 months. Oncogenic HPV detection was independently associated with lifetime and recent number of sexual partners, and having sex in the past 3 months. NonOncogenic HPV infection was independently associated with lifetime number of sexual partners. Circumcision, assessed by clinical examination, was associated with reduced risk of HPV detection across all categories of HPV evaluated. HPV detection in men in the current study was strongly related to sexual behavior and circumcision status. Interventions such as circumcision may provide a low‐cost method to reduce HPV infection. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telomere length, oxidative damage, antioxidants and breast cancer risk
Authors: Shen Jing , Gammon Marilie D. , Terry Mary Beth , Wang Qiao , Bradshaw Patrick , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Neugut Alfred I. , Santella Regina M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTelomeres play a critical role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the genome, and are susceptible to oxidative damage after telomere shortening to a critical length. In the present study, we explored the role of white blood cell DNA telomere length on breast cancer risk, and examined whether urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes (15‐F2t‐IsoP) and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydrodeoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) or dietary antioxidant intake modified the relationship between telomere length and breast cancer risk. A population‐based case–control study—the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project—was conducted among 1,067 cases and 1,110 controls. Telomere length was assessed by quantitative PCR. Overall, the mean levels of telomere length (T/S ratio), 15‐F2t‐IsoP and 8‐oxodG were not significantly different between cases and controls. Among premenopausal women only, carrying shorter telomeres (Q3 and Q4), as compared with the longest (Q1), was associated with significantly increased breast cancer risk. Age‐adjusted OR and 95% CI were 1.71 (1.10–2.67) and 1.61 (1.05–2.45). The 5‐F2t‐IsoP and 8‐oxodG biomarkers did not modify the telomere–breast cancer association. A moderate increase in breast cancer risk was observed among women with the shortest telomeres (Q4) and lower dietary and supplemental intake of β‐carotene, vitamin C or E intake [OR (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.08–2.03), 1.39 (1.01–1.92) and 1.57 (1.14–2.18), respectively], although the trend test exhibited statistical significance only within the lower vitamin E intake subgroup (ptrend = 0.01). These results provided the strongest evidence to date that breast cancer risk may be affected by telomere length among premenopausal women or women with low dietary intake of antioxidants or antioxidant supplements. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of artificial neural networks and empirical equations to estimate daily pan evaporation
Authors: Terzi Özlem , Keskin M. Erol 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study consists of two parts. In the first part, daily pan evaporation estimations are achieved by a suitable artificial neural network (ANN) model for the meteorological data recorded from the automated GroWheather meteorological station near Lake Eğirdir, which lies in the Lake District of western Turkey. At this station six meteorological variables are measured simultaneously, namely, air temperature, water temperature, solar radiation, air pressure, wind speed and relative humidity. The ANN architecture has only one output neuron with up to four input neurons representing air and water temperatures, air pressure and solar radiation. Prior to ANN model construction the classical correlation study indicated the insignificance of wind speed and relative humidity in the Eğirdir Lake area. Hence, the final ANN model has three input neurons in the input layer with one at the output layer. The hidden layer neuron number is found to be six after various trial and error model runs. In the second part, daily evaporation values are estimated using classical approaches such as the Priestley–Taylor, Brutsaert–Stricker, Makkink and Hamon methods. The comparison was first made using the original constant values involved in each equation, and then using the calibrated constant values. The results show that when the original constant values were used, the Priestley–Taylor, Brutsaert–Stricker and Makkink methods underestimated evaporation values, but the Hamon method overestimated them. When calibrated constant values were substituted for the original constant values, all four equations improved to estimate evaporation. While the mean square error (MSE) values varied between 6.27 and 49.2 for original constant values, they varied between 3.43 and 4.33 for calibrated constant values. Of the evaporation methods, the Hamon method improved well to estimate evaporation values. It is also noted that the ANN model is superior even to the classical approaches of the Priestley–Taylor, Brutsaert–Stricker, Makkink and Hamon methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cash disbursements: How to minimize cash output
Authors: Reider Rob 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThere is an art to effectively managing cash disbursements. The author shows how to use a variety of techniques to help you minimize cash output—and not get in trouble doing it. After you read this article, your motto will be “No Pay Before Its Time.”This article is excerpted and adapted from Managing Cash Flow: An Operational Focus by Rob Reider, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investing in socially responsible companies
Authors: Goldberg Jennifer , Goldberg Stephen R. , Ratliff‐Miller Paulette 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt conveyed an important lesson when he said, “We have always known that heedless self‐interest was bad morals; we know now that it is [also] bad economics.” But Roosevelt's wisdom has been forgotten, and later generations instead followed the lead of the movie Wall Street, which had its own famous quote: “Greed is good!”Today stockholders embrace corporate social responsibility—but they still want good returns on their investments. How can today's treasurer and others balance these conflicting goals? © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of different fermentation parameters on bioethanol production from corn meal hydrolyzates by free and immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus
Authors: Nikolić Svetlana , Mojović Ljiljana , Rakin Marica , Pejin Dušanka , Nedović Viktor 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bioethanol produced from renewable biomass, such as corn meal, is a biofuel that is both renewable and environmentally friendly. Significant scientific and technological investments will be needed to achieve substitution of conventional fossil fuels with alternative fuels. The ethanol fermentation of enzymatically obtained corn meal hydrolyzates by free and immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus yeast in a batch system was studied. The initial glucose and inoculum concentration and the time required for the efficient ethanol production were optimized taking into account parameters such as ethanol concentration, ethanol yield, percentage of the theoretical yield of ethanol and volumetric productivity in both immobilized and free cell systems.RESULTS: The yeast cells were immobilized in Ca–alginate by an electrostatic droplet generation method. An optimal initial inoculum concentration of 2% (v/v) and optimal fermentation time of 38 h for both immobilized and free yeasts were determined. An optimal initial glucose concentration of 150 g L−1 for free system was achieved. At the initial glucose concentration of 176 g L no substrate or product inhibition were achieved with immobilized yeast.CONCLUSION: By immobilization of the yeast into Ca–alginate using the method of electrostatic droplet generation a superior system was realized, which exhibited lower substrate inhibition and higher tolerance to ethanol. The cells of S. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus yeast entrapped in Ca–alginate showed good physical and chemical stability, and no substrate and product diffusion restrictions were noticed. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhancement of Candida parapsilosis catalyzing deracemization of (R,S)‐1‐phenyl‐1, 2‐ethanediol: agitation speed control during cell cultivation
Authors: Nie Yao , Xu Yan , Lv Teng Fei , Xiao Rong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Microbial cells have been used widely in biosynthesis of chiral alcohols. However, research concerning the effect of oxygen supply in cultivation on biocatalytic activity of whole cells in organic synthesis is limited. This study improved the reaction efficiency of Candida parapsilosis catalyzing (R,S)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol (PED) deracemization by controlling agitation during cell cultivation.RESULTS: The increase of dissolved oxygen concentration by adjusting agitation speed from 200 to 300 rpm at aeration rate 1.5 vvm significantly improved the cell growth of C. parapsilosis and the activities of two key enzymes involved in deracemization. (S)‐PED with higher optical purity of 98.23%e.e. and yield of 82.94% was formed. Compared with the initial fermentation conditions at aeration rate 0.75 vvm and agitation speed 200 rpm, enhanced oxygen supply conditions afforded better cells for highly efficient conversion under higher substrate concentration.CONCLUSION: Oxygen supply had a significant effect on cell growth and catalytic activity of C. parapsilosis catalyzing asymmetric oxidoreduction. By conveniently controlling agitation in cultivation, cell activity and key enzymes production for a complex reaction of concurrent tandem oxidation and reduction processes can easily be conducted, which could help to cultivate cells catalyzing synthesis of interested chiral compounds. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry