bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copolymerization and blending of poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s to improve their melt processability
Authors: Xia Jiqiang , Zhang Jun , Liao Gongxiong , Jian Xigao 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe melt processability of phthalazinone‐containing poly(aryl ether)s (PAEs) was improved through copolymerization and blending. Poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (PPEK) copolymers containing phthalazinone and bisphenol‐A (BPA) moieties were synthesized through nucleophilic substitution polycondensation. The PPEK copolymers exhibited high glass transition temperatures, excellent thermooxidative properties, good mechanical properties and improved solubility, all of which can be tailored by changing the molar ratio of phthalazinone to bisphenol monomers. The rheological investigation indicated that the incorporation of the flexible BPA moiety into the main chain lowered the melt viscosity of the copolymers. To improve the melt processability further, polymer blends of a PPEK copolymer/polycarbonate (PC) were prepared. The results suggested that blending is an effective approach for improving the melt processability of phthalazinone‐containing PAEs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2575–2580, 2007
Effects of antiplasticization on the thermal, volumetric, and transport properties of polyethersulfone
Authors: Vidotti S. E. , Chinellato A. C. , Pessan L. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the effects of the addition of low molar mass additives such as N‐phenyl‐2‐naphthylamine (PNA) and hexafluoro‐bisphenol‐A (HFBPA) on the volumetric, thermal and transport properties of polyethersulfone (PES). The additive incorporation resulted in changes in molecular mobility and properties of the glassy PES matrix associated with antiplasticization. The changes in molecular mobility were accompanied by reductions in water vapor permeability of the PES of up to 93% for 30 wt % incorporation of PNA and of up to 70% for the addition of 20 wt % of HFBPA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2627–2633, 2007
Pervaporation separation of sodium alginate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex composite membranes for the separation of water/alcohol mixtures: Characterization of the permeation behavior with molecular modeling techniques
Authors: Kim Sang‐Gyun , Lee Ki‐Sub , Lee Kew‐Ho 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPolyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membranes were prepared by the complexation of protonated chitosan with sodium alginate doped on a porous, polysulfone‐supporting membrane. The pervaporation characteristics of the membranes were investigated with various alcohol/water mixtures. The physicochemical properties of the permeant molecules and polyion complex membranes were determined with molecular modeling methods, and the data from these methods were used to explain the permeation of water and alcohol molecules through the PEC membranes. The experimental results showed that the prepared PEC membranes had an excellent pervaporation performance in most aqueous alcohol solutions and that the selectivity and permeability of the membranes depended on the molecular size, polarity, and hydrophilicity of the permeant alcohols. However, the aqueous methanol solutions showed a permeation behavior different from that of the other alcohol solutions. Methanol permeated the prepared PEC membranes more easily than water even though water molecules have stronger polarity and are smaller than methanol molecules. The experimental results are discussed from the point of view of the physical properties of the permeant molecules and the membranes in the permeation state. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2634–2641, 2007
Preparation and drug‐release behavior of 5‐fluorouracil‐loaded poly(lactic acid–4‐hydroxyproline–polyethylene glycol) amphipathic copolymer nanoparticles
Authors: Duan Jiufang , Du Jie , Zheng Yu Bin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPoly(lactic acid–4‐hydroxyproline–polyethylene glycol) (PLA–Hpr–PEG) was synthesized via melt copolymerization with stannous chloride as a catalyst activated by a proton acid. Copolymers with different poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 wt %) were synthesized and exhibited moderate molecular weights (weight‐average molecular weight = 9705–13,600 g/mol) and reasonable molecular weight distributions (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight = 1.35– 1.66). The structure of the polymers was verified with infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were made by the nanoprecipitation method with PLA–Hpr–PEG. The size and size distribution of the nanoparticles were investigated with laser light scattering, and the surface morphology of the nanoparticles was investigated with transmission electron microscopy. The drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading content were measured with ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The effects of various formulation parameters were evaluated. The prepared nanoparticles were spherical and greater than 100 nm in size. The drug loading content and encapsulation efficiency were greatly influenced by the amount of the copolymer and the volume of the solvent. The PEG content in the polymer could affect the release of drugs from the PLA–Hpr–PEG nanoparticles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2654–2659, 2007
Investigation of the polycarbonate/crushed‐rubber‐particle interphase by nanoindentation
Authors: Bourmaud A. , Grohens Y. , Zribi K. , Feller J. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNanoindentation tests were carried out to determine the nanomechanical characteristics of recycled polycarbonate (PC)/crushed‐rubber blends. Both the modulus and hardness of the matrix, particles, and PC/rubber interphase were obtained. Different blends with untreated, flamed, and washed rubber particles were characterized. The results proved the good recyclability of PC. Indentations performed in the PC matrix showed that the rubber acted as a plasticizer for the PC matrix, probably because of a diffusion of free rubber chains. This plasticizing effect was accentuated by flamed rubber particles in the blends. The results showed that flame and methanol treatments modified the morphology of the rubber particles. These treatments induced a significant increase in the nanomechanical properties of the rubber particles. In the interface region between the PC matrix and rubber particles, a gradual change in the mechanical properties was confirmed. Profiles of the interface modulus and hardness helped to determine the interface width according to the particle treatment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2687–2694, 2007
Knee joint loading differs in individuals with mild compared with moderate medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Thorp Laura E. , Sumner D. Richman , Block Joel A. , Moisio Kirsten C. , Shott Susan , Wimmer Markus A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the knee joint loading patterns in individuals with differing radiographic grades of knee osteoarthritis (OA) for characterization of the mechanical implications of different structural states, and to compare the knee adduction angular impulse, a measure of gait complementary to the commonly used peak knee adduction moment.MethodsAsymptomatic subjects (those without knee OA) having a Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) radiographic severity grade of 0 or 1 (n = 28) and subjects with symptomatic knee OA having K/L grades of 2 (n = 66) or 3 (n = 23) were recruited. Gait analysis was used to calculate the peak external knee adduction moment and the external knee adduction angular impulse for the whole stance and for the 4 subdivisions of stance.ResultsBoth the peak knee adduction moment and the knee adduction angular impulse increased with K/L radiographic grade (P < 0.05). However, only the knee adduction angular impulse differed between subjects with moderate (grade 3) and those with mild (grade 2) radiographic knee OA (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe differences between mild and moderate symptomatic radiographic knee OA are not only structural but also functional, based on the magnitude of load in the medial knee joint. Moreover, knee adduction angular impulse provides additional information beyond that available from the peak knee adduction moment, and may therefore be an important gait parameter to include in OA research. These findings are important for our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of OA.
Automatic cognitive style identification of digital library users for personalization
Authors: Frias‐Martinez Enrique , Chen Sherry Y. , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDigital libraries have become one of the most important Web services for information seeking. One of their main drawbacks is their global approach: In general, there is just one interface for all users. One of the key elements in improving user satisfaction in digital libraries is personalization. When considering personalizing factors, cognitive styles have been proved to be one of the relevant parameters that affect information seeking. This justifies the introduction of cognitive style as one of the parameters of a Web personalized service. Nevertheless, this approach has one major drawback: Each user has to run a time‐consuming test that determines his or her cognitive style. In this article, we present a study of how different classification systems can be used to automatically identify the cognitive style of a user using the set of interactions with a digital library. These classification systems can be used to automatically personalize, from a cognitive‐style point of view, the interaction of the digital library and each of its users.
Models for the X‐ray spectra and variability of luminous accreting black holes
Authors: Malzac J. , Merloni A. , Suebsuwong T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe X‐ray spectra of luminous Seyfert 1 galaxies often appear to be reflection dominated. In a number of Narrow Line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies and galactic black holes in the very high state, the variability of the continuum and of the iron line are decoupled, the reflected component being often much less variable than the continuum. These properties have been interpreted as effects of gravitational light bending. In this framework, we present detailed Monte‐Carlo simulations of the reflection continuum in the Kerr metric. These calculations confirm that the spectra and variability behaviour of these sources can be reproduced by the light bending model. As an alternative to the light bending model, we show that similar observational properties are expected from radiation pressure dominated discs subject to violent clumping instabilities and, as a result, have a highly inhomogeneous two‐phase structure. In this model, most of the observed spectral and variability features originate from the complex geometrical structure of the inner regions of near‐Eddington accretion flows and are therefore a signature of accretion physics rather than general relativity. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The iron emission line complex of MCG‐5‐23‐16: the long XMMNewton look
Authors: Braito V. , Reeves J. N. , Dewangan G. , George I. , Griffiths R. , Markowitz A. , Nandra K. , Porquet D. , Ptak A. , Turner T. J. , Yaqoob T. , Weaver K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present the results of the simultaneous XMM‐Newton and Chandra observations of the bright Seyfert 1.9 galaxy MCG–5‐23‐16, which is one of the best known examples of a relativistically broadened iron Kα line. We find that: a) the soft X‐ray emission is likely to be dominated by photoionized gas, b) the complex iron emission line is best modelled with a narrow and a broad component with a FWHM ∼44000 km/s. This latter component has an EW ∼50 eV and its profile is well described with an emission line mainly originating from the accretion disk a few tens of gravitational radii from the central black hole and viewed with an inclination angle ∼40°. We found evidence of a possible sporadic absorption line at ∼7.7 keV which, if associated with Fe XXVI Kα resonance absorption, is indicative of a possible high velocity (v ∼ 0.1c) outflow. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior and Ionic Conductivity of a Novel Lithium Gadolinium Polyphosphate LiGd(PO3)4.
Authors: Ettis Hasna , Naili Houcine , Mhiri Tahar 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxoneptunium(V) as Part of the Framework of a Polyoxometalate.
Authors: Copping Roy , Gaunt Andrew J. , May Iain , Sharrad Clint A. , Collison David , Helliwell Madeleine , Fox O. Danny , Jones Chris J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rare Earth—Copper—Magnesium Compounds LnCu9Mg2 (Ln: Y, La—Nd, Sm—Ho, Yb) with Ordered CeNi3‐Type Structure.
Authors: Solokha P. , Pavlyuk V. , Saccone A. , De Negri S. , Prochwicz W. , Marciniak B. , Rozycka‐Sokolowska E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Behavior of Benzoins and Hydroxy Ketones in Acid Medium. Part 2. Reactions of 1,2‐Bis(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐thienyl)‐2‐hydroxyethan‐1‐one with N,S‐Binucleophiles in Trifluoroacetic Acid.
Authors: Krayushkin M. M. , Lichitskii B. V. , Mikhalev A. P. , Nabatov B. V. , Dudinov A. A. , Ivanov S. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Comparison and Evaluation of Two Immobilization Techniques for Task Specific Onium Salts (TSOS) in Mizoroki‐Heck Cross Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Brochwitz Christoph , Feldhoff Armin , Kunz Ulrich , Vaultier Michel , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Aldol Cyclizations Using Diethylzinc as the Stoichiometric Reductant.
Authors: Lam Hon Wai , Joensuu Pekka M. , Murray Gordon J. , Fordyce Euan A. F. , Prieto Oscar , Luebbers Thomas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Chiral‐Bridged Aminotroponiminate Complex of Lutetium as Catalyst for the Asymmetric Hydroamination.
Authors: Meyer Nils , Zulys Agustino , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of 4‐Substituted Thiosemicarbazides with (2,4,7‐Trinitro‐9H‐fluoren‐9‐ylidene)propanedinitrile.
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Ibrahim Yusria R. , Shawky Ahmed M. , Doepp Dietrich 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cationic Rhodium(I)/Modified‐BINAP Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes with Nitriles.
Authors: Tanaka Ken , Suzuki Nanami , Nishida Goushi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Potent and Selective αvβ3/αvβ5 Integrin Dual Antagonists with Reduced Binding Affinity for Human Serum Albumin.
Authors: Raboisson Pierre , Manthey Carl L. , Chaikin Margery , Lattanze Jennifer , Crysler Carl , Leonard Kristi , Pan Wenxi , Tomczuk Bruce E. , Marugan Juan Jose 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 7‐Azaindoles via a New Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropane.
Authors: Zheng Xiaomei , Kerr Michael A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Conversion of Acetylenic 1,2,4‐Triazoles into 3‐Alkyl‐5‐arylpyridazines.
Authors: Crowley Patrick J. , Russell Sally E. , Reynolds Laurence G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2‐Arylazo‐1‐vinylpyrroles: A Novel Promising Family of Reactive Dyes.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , et al. et al. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Novel Heterocyclic Derivatives of 18‐nor‐Equilenin.
Authors: Karnik A. V. , Malviya N. J. , Kulkarni A. M. , Jadhav B. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nonsymmetrical Five‐Ring Achiral Banana‐Shaped Liquid Crystals Comprising Salicylaldimine Mesogenic Segment
Authors: Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwar V. , Shashikala Indudhara Swamy , Nair Geetha G. , Rao Doddamane S. Shankar , Prasad Subbarao Krishna 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design, Synthesis, and Biochemical Evaluation of Novel Cruzain Inhibitors with Potential Application in the Treatment of Chagas′ Disease.
Authors: Siles Rogelio , Chen Shen‐En , Zhou Ming , Pinney Kevin G. , Trawick Mary Lynn 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metallacycloalkenes — Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Medium to Large Ring Compounds
Authors: Blom Burget , Clayton Hadley , Kilkenny Mairi , Moss John R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polyvalent Iodine in Organic Chemistry: Recent Developments, 2002—2005
Authors: Matveeva E. D. , Proskurnina M. V. , Zefirov N. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Theoretical Studies on the Ring Opening of β‐Lactams: Processes in Solution and in Enzymatic Media
Authors: Lopez R. , Menendez M. I. , Diaz N. , Suarez D. , Campomanes P. , Ardura D. , Sordo T. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Extended safety and efficacy data on S‐1 plus cisplatin in patients with untreated, advanced gastric carcinoma in a multicenter phase II study
Authors: Lenz Heinz‐Joseph , Lee Fa‐Chyi , Haller Daniel G. , Singh Deepti , Benson Al B. , Strumberg Dirk , Yanagihara Ronald , Yao James C. , Phan Alexandra T. , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.S‐1 is a promising oral fluoropyrimidine. The authors obtained extended Phase II safety and efficacy data in a multicenter setting for the S‐1 plus cisplatin combination: The experimental arm of the global Phase III First‐Line Advanced Gastric Cancer Study (FLAGS) is being compared with 5‐fluorouracil/cisplatin.METHODS.Eligible patients had untreated, histologically confirmed advanced gastric cancer (AGC), a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥70%, adequate organ function, and provided written consent. Patients received S‐1 (25 mg/m2 twice daily on Days 1 through 21) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on Day 1) every 28 days. The confirmed overall response rate (CORR) also was designated by an external review. The time to progression (TTP), median survival (MS), and safety were assessed.RESULTS.All 72 patients were assessed for safety and survival, and 64 patients were assessed for CORR. The median KPS was 90%. The median number of treatment cycles was 4. The CORR was 55% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 42–67%). The median duration of response was >5 months. At 6 months, only an estimated 38% of patients had cancer progression. The estimated MS was 10.4 months (95% CI, 8.6–12.9 months). At least 1 serious adverse event occurred in 44% of patients. The frequent grade 3 or 4 toxicities (using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria), which occurred in >10% of patients, included fatigue/asthenia (24%), emesis (17%), nausea (15%), diarrhea (13%), and neutropenia (19%). Complicated neutropenia (1.4%) and grade 4 diarrhea (1.4%) were rare.CONCLUSIONS.The current extended data confirmed that S‐1 combined with cisplatin had a highly desirable safety profile. The efficacy against AGC, according to an external review, was encouraging. FLAGS is expected to complete its accrual of 1050 patients by December 2007. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.