bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary syphilis of the tonsil: Presentation of four cases
Authors: Viers Wayne A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrimary syphilis of the tonsil is presented in four cases where darkfield examination of a suspected chancre was positiye. All subjects admitted to recent oral sexual contact. Serological tests confirmed the diagnosis in three of the cases.The importance of confirming the diagnosis prior to informing the patient of the diagnosis and starting treatment is discussed in this paper.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia in the setting of acute and chronic sinusitis
Authors: Granich Mark S. , Pilch Ben Z. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNecrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign lesion that may be mistaken for mucoepidermoid or squamous cell carcinoma. A case report is presented in which necrotizing sialometaplasia was noted as an incidental finding in the setting of acute and chronic sinusitis. It is critical to recognize the lesion as benign so as to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Time‐related alteration of endolymph composition in an experimental model of endolymphatic hydrops
Authors: Sziklai Istvan , Ferrary Evelyne , Horner Kathleen C. , Sterkers Olivier , Amiel Claude 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe electrochemical changes of the inner ear fluids were studied in the guinea pig during the development of endolymphatic hydrops in an experimental model of Meniere's disease obtained by the blockage of the vestibular aqueduct. The endocochlear potential (first and third turns) was recorded, and the sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations, and osmolality of the endolymph (first and third turns) and perilymph were determined at different intervals from 2 to 24 weeks after the induction of the hydrops. The development of hydrops was monitored by the compound action potential once a week during the observation period. In normal, nonoperated guinea pigs, longitudinal endolymphatic gradients of endocochlear potential, potassium and chloride concentrations, and osmolality, increasing from the apex to the base of the cochlea, were observed. After 2 weeks of hydrops, no alteration of this pattern was detected. After 6 and 9 weeks of hydrops, a progressive decrease of endocochlear potential, potassium and chloride concentrations, and osmolality was noticed at the first turn (6 and 9 weeks) and then at the third turn (9 weeks) which resulted in the disappearance of longitudinal gradients. At 24 weeks, the endocochlear potential was still diminished by 60%, whereas potassium and chloride concentrations and osmolality increased as compared to 9‐week values but remained lower than in controls. The changes in composition of endolymph induced by the development of the hydrops could be related to the progressive alteration of the ionic permeability of the cochlear epithelium, which should be localized at the distended Reissner's membrane.
Monocyte Tumor Necrosis Factor Production in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gallo Oreste , Pinto Stefania , Boccuzzi Simone , Dilaghi Maurizio , Gallina Ezio , Attanasio Monica , Gori Anna Maria , Martini Francesca , Abbate Rosanna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChanges in monocyte and macrophage function have been demonstrated in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tumor necrosis factor (TNT) production by activated monocytes from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate its relation to cancer stage, weight loss, and performance status. Monocytes from patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 10) were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by plastic adherence and incubated with lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/mL). The TNF concentration of supernatants was assayed by TNFα‐specific immunoassay. The TNF production by monocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients was significantly higher (P<.001) than those of controls. No significant relationship was found to cancer stage, weight loss, and performance status. These findings indicate that, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, an increased TNF production by activated monocytes takes place which does not correlate with cancer stage, cancer‐related weight loss, and performance status.
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3 Is a Myocardial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homing Factor
Authors: Schenk Soren , Mal Niladri , Finan Amanda , Zhang Ming , Kiedrowski Matt , Popovic Zoran , McCarthy Patrick M. , Penn Marc S. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
MSCs have received attention for their therapeutic potential in a number of disease states, including bone formation, diabetes, stem cell engraftment after marrow transplantation, graft-versus-host disease, and heart failure. Despite this diverse interest, the molecular signals regulating MSC trafficking to sites of injury are unclear. MSCs are known to transiently home to the freshly infarcted myocardium. To identify MSC homing factors, we determined chemokine expression pattern as a function of time after myocardial infarction (MI). We merged these profiles with chemokine receptors expressed on MSCs but not cardiac fibroblasts, which do not home after MI. This analysis identified monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) as a potential MSC homing factor. Overexpression of MCP-3 1 month after MI restored MSC homing to the heart. After serial infusions of MSCs, cardiac function improved in MCP-3-expressing hearts (88.7%, p &lt; .001) but not in control hearts (8.6%, p = .47). MSC engraftment was not associated with differentiation into cardiac myocytes. Rather, MSC engraftment appeared to result in recruitment of myofibroblasts and remodeling of the collagen matrix. These data indicate that MCP-3 is an MSC homing factor; local overexpression of MCP-3 recruits MSCs to sites of injured tissue and improves cardiac remodeling independent of cardiac myocyte regeneration.
Applicability of spraints for monitoring organic contaminants in free-ranging otters (Lutra lutra)
Authors: van den Brink Nico W. , Jansman Hugh A.H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
In the current study, the use of spraints for monitoring levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in individual otters was experimentally validated. On the basis of a detailed pattern analysis, it is concluded that in the current study, PCB concentrations in spraints that contain relatively high concentrations of nonmetabolizable PCB congeners (PCB 138 and 153&gt;42.5% of total PCB concentrations) reflect the internal PCB concentrations of the otter that produced the spraint. In general, however, spraints should be selected that contain relative concentrations of PCB 138 and PCB 153&gt;95th percentile of these congeners in samples from local food items of otters. On the basis of relationships between levels in spraints and internal levels and on earlier reported effect concentrations, a threshold level range of 1.0 to 2.3 μg/g (lipid normalized) in such spraints is proposed. The validated methods to monitor PCBs in otters may be combined with genetic marker techniques that can assess the identity of the otter that produced the spraints. In such a design, it is feasible to monitor PCB levels in individual free-ranging otters in a truly animal friendly way.
Acute toxicity of pyrithione antifouling biocides and joint toxicity with copper to red sea bream (Pagrus major) and toy shrimp (Heptacarpus futilirostris)
Authors: Mochida Kazuhiko , Ito Katsutoshi , Harino Hiroya , Kakuno Akira , Fujii Kazunori 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We evaluated the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of the pyrithione (PT) antifoulants copper pyrithione (CuPT) and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) to a teleost, red sea bream (Pagrus major), and a crustacean, toy shrimp (Heptacarpus futilirostris). The 96-h LC50 values of CuPT and ZnPT, on the basis of actual concentrations, were 9.3 and 98.2 μg/L, respectively, for red sea bream and 2.5 and 120 μg/L, respectively, for toy shrimp. Histological observations revealed that the secondary lamellae of the gill filaments of the experimental fish were heavily damaged after exposure to the PTs, suggesting that fatal hypoxemia was one cause of death. Because CuPT and ZnPT are usually used in combination with Cu, we also estimated the joint toxicities of the PTs with Cu using the LC50 values of the PTs and those of Cu (84.4 and 113 μg/L for red sea bream and toy shrimp, respectively). The results suggested that the joint toxicity of the ZnPT and Cu mixture is more than the additive toxicities of CuPT and Cu, especially in toy shrimp. The enhancement of toxicity in the mixture was inferred to be caused by conversion of ZnPT to the more toxic CuPT in the presence of Cu.
Oxidation kinetics of pentachlorophenol by manganese dioxide
Authors: Zhao Ling , Yu Zhiqiang , Peng Ping'an , Huang Weilin , Feng Shunqing , Zhou Haiyan 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
This study examined the abiotic transformation kinetics of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by manganese dioxide (MnO2) at different solution chemistry and initial concentrations of PCP and MnO2. The measured PCP transformation rates were found to be on the order of 1.07 with respect to [PCP] and 0.91 and 0.87 with respect to [MnO2] and [H+], respectively. Dissolved Mn2+ and Ca2+ as background electrolytes considerably decreased the reaction rate because of their adsorption and hence blocking of active sites on MnO2 surfaces. The dechlorination number, 0.59 chloride ions per transformed PCP after a 1-h reaction, suggests that a fraction of the transformed PCP was not dechlorinated and may be coupled directly to dimeric products. Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry techniques were used to identify two isomeric nonachlorohydroxybiphenylethers as major products and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-hydroquinone and tetrachlorocatechol as minor products. Product identification suggested that the reaction may include two parallel reactions to form either dimers or 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-hydroquinone and tetrachlorocatechol via simultaneous dehydrochlorination and hydroxylation.
Analysis of nodularin-R in eider (Somateria mollissima), roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), and flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) liver and muscle samples from the western Gulf of Finland, northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Sipiä Vesa O. , Sjövall Olli , Valtonen Terhi , Barnaby Deborah L. , Codd Geoffrey A. , Metcalf James S. , Kilpi Mikael , Mustonen Olli , Meriluoto Jussi A.O. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Nodularin (NODLN) is a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin that may cause toxic effects at very low exposure levels. The NODLN-producing cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena forms massive blooms in the northern Baltic Sea, especially during the summer. We analyzed liver and muscle (edible meat) samples from common eider (Somateria mollissima), roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), and flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) for NODLN-R by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty eiders, 11 roach, and 15 flounders were caught from the western Gulf of Finland between September 2002 and October 2004. Eiders from April to June 2003 were found dead. The majority of samples were analyzed by LC-MS and ELISA from the same sample extracts (water:methanol:n-butanol, 75:20:5, v:v:v). Nodularin was detected in 27 eiders, nine roach, and eight flounders. Eider liver samples contained NODLN up to approximately 200 μg/kg dry weight and muscle samples at approximately 20 μg/kg dry weight, roach liver samples 20 to 900 μg NODLN/kg dry weight and muscle samples 2 to 200 μg NODLN/kg dry weight, and flounder liver samples approximately 5 to 1,100 μg NODLN/kg dry weight and muscle samples up to 100 μg NODLN/kg dry weight. The NODLN concentrations found in individual muscle samples of flounders, eiders, and roach (1–200 μg NODLN/kg dry wt) indicate that screening and risk assessment of NODLN in Baltic Sea edible fish and wildlife are required for the protection of consumer's health.
Cupreine und Cupreidine: eine außergewöhnliche Klasse von bifunktionalen Cinchona‐Organokatalysatoren
Authors: Marcelli Tommaso , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Hiemstra Henk 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn dem expandierenden Gebiet der Organokatalyse spielen Cinchona‐Alkaloide eine herausragende Rolle. Bis in die späten 90er Jahre fanden nur solche bifunktionalen Cinchona‐Katalysatoren Verwendung, deren Wirkung auf der C9‐Hydroxygruppe als Wasserstoffbrückendonor beruhte. Seither wurden aber neue Cinchona‐Katalysatoren entwickelt, die eine phenolische OH‐Gruppe in der C6′‐Position aufweisen und vielfältige Reaktionen mit hoher Stereoselektivität katalysieren. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst die Reaktionen und Wirkungsweisen dieser neuen Klasse von asymmetrischen bifunktionalen Organokatalysatoren zusammen.
Effect of pH, urea, peptide length, and neighboring amino acids on alanine α‐proton random coil chemical shifts
Authors: Carlisle Elizabeth A. , Holder Jessica L. , Maranda Abby M. , de Alwis Adamberage R. , Selkie Ellen L. , McKay Sonya L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAccurate random coil α‐proton chemical shift values are essential for precise protein structure analysis using chemical shift index (CSI) calculations. The current study determines the chemical shift effects of pH, urea, peptide length and neighboring amino acids on the α‐proton of Ala using model peptides of the general sequence GnXaaAYaaGn, where Xaa and Yaa are Leu, Val, Phe, Tyr, His, Trp or Pro, and n = 1–3. Changes in pH (2–6), urea (0–1M), and peptide length (n = 1–3) had no effect on Ala α‐proton chemical shifts. Denaturing concentrations of urea (8M) caused significant downfield shifts (0.10 ± 0.01 ppm) relative to an external DSS reference. Neighboring aliphatic residues (Leu, Val) had no effect, whereas aromatic amino acids (Phe, Tyr, His and Trp) and Pro caused significant shifts in the alanine α‐proton, with the extent of the shifts dependent on the nature and position of the amino acid. Smaller aromatic residues (Phe, Tyr, His) caused larger shift effects when present in the C‐terminal position (∼0.10 vs. 0.05 ppm N‐terminal), and the larger aromatic tryptophan caused greater effects in the N‐terminal position (0.15 ppm vs. 0.10 C‐terminal). Proline affected both significant upfield (0.06 ppm, N‐terminal) and downfield (0.25 ppm, C‐terminal) chemical shifts. These new Ala correction factors detail the magnitude and range of variation in environmental chemical shift effects, in addition to providing insight into the molecular level interactions that govern protein folding. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 72–80, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
C‐reactive protein impairs human CD14+ monocyte‐derived dendritic cell differentiation, maturation and function
Authors: Zhang Rongxin , Becnel Lauren , Li Min , Chen Changyi , Yao Qizhi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractC‐reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant protein considered to be the prototypic marker for inflammation and its associated diseases. However, little is known about how CRP affects the immune system. In this study, we investigated the effect of CRP on dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, activation and biological functions. CD14+ monocytes were purified from PBMC and differentiated into DC in vitro. CRP (10 μg/mL) substantially down‐regulated expression of DC‐SIGN (CD209) and the costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 during DC differentiation. This inhibitory effect was more pronounced when CRP was added at the early stage (0–2 days) of DC differentiation. The inhibitory effect of CRP could be specifically blocked by an anti‐CD32 Ab. In addition, CRP dramatically down‐regulated expression of the antigen‐uptake molecules CD205 and CD206, resulting in reduced DC endocytosis. Furthermore, CRP down‐regulated expression of the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 as well as the DC maturation marker CD83 after lipopolysaccharide‐induced DC maturation. CRP‐treated DC also showed an inhibitory effect on allogeneic T cell proliferation in a mixed leukocyte reaction. CRP treatment of activated DC preferentially decreased production of the proinflammatory and inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12, TNF‐α, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β and MCP‐1. This work reveals a new role for CRP in modulating the immune system by inhibiting DC differentiation, maturation and functions mainly through FcγRIIa/CD32.
The negative regulators Foxj1 and Foxo3a are up‐regulated by a peptide that inhibits systemic lupus erythematosus‐associated T cell responses
Authors: Sela Uri , Dayan Molly , Hershkoviz Rami , Cahalon Liora , Lider Ofer , Mozes Edna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA peptide (hCDR1) based on the complementarity determining region‐1 of an anti‐DNA antibody ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in induced and spontaneous lupus models. Our objectives were to determine the effects of hCDR1 on TCR signaling and on its negative regulators, Foxj1 and Foxo3a. BALB/c mice were immunized with the SLE‐inducing anti‐DNA antibody, designated 16/6Id, and treated with hCDR1. hCDR1 treatment specifically inhibited IFN‐γ secretion by T cells in association with down‐regulated T‐bet expression and NF‐κB activation; however, GATA‐3 expression was not affected. Furthermore, TCR signaling (ZAP‐70 phosphorylation) was inhibited, and the mRNA expression of the two modulators of Th1 activation, Foxj1 and Foxo3a, was significantly up‐regulated. The latter were also elevated in SLE‐afflicted (NZB×NZW)F1 mice that were treated with hCDR1. Addition of TGF‐β, which was elevated following treatment with hCDR1, to T cells from 16/6Id immunized mice, up‐regulated Foxj1 and Foxo3a mRNA expression, similarly to hCDR1. In contrast, anti‐TGF‐β antibodies added to hCDR1‐treated T cells abrogated its effect. Thus, hCDR1 elevates TGF‐β, which contributes to the up‐regulation of T cell Foxj1 and Foxo3a expression, leading to inhibition of NF‐κB activation and IFN‐γ secretion, which is required for the maintenance of SLE.
Plasma cell differentiation in T‐independent type 2 immune responses is independent of CD11chigh dendritic cells
Authors: Hebel Katrin , Griewank Klaus , Inamine Ayako , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Müller‐Hilke Brigitte , Fillatreau Simon , Manz Rudolf A. , Radbruch Andreas , Jung Steffen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) play an important role as antigen‐presenting cells in T cell stimulation. Interestingly, a number of recent studies also imply DC as critical accessory cells in B cell activation, isotype switching and plasma blast maintenance. Here we use the conditional in vivo ablation of CD11chigh DC to investigate the role of these cells in T‐independent type 2 immune responses. We show that CD11chigh DC are dispensable for the initiation and maintenance of a primary immune response against the T‐independent type 2 antigen (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nirophenyl)acetyl‐Ficoll. Our results suggest that support for plasma cell formation in T cell‐independent immune responses can be provided by non‐DC such as stromal cells, or is independent of external signals. Interestingly, we found plasma blasts to express CD11c and to be diphtheria toxin‐sensitive in CD11c‐diphtheria toxin receptor‐transgenic mice, providing a unique tool for future analysis of in vivo aspects of plasma cell biology.
Incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid into lipids from rat tissues and plasma
Authors: Lund Pia , Sejrsen Kristen , Straarup Ellen Marie 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) into triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) of tissues and plasma, and to interpret the role of dietary‐derived vaccenic acid (VA) in increasing the tissue content of CLA (c9,t11) and the influence on the fatty acid profile. We fed five groups of rats semi‐purified diets with varying levels of CLA and VA: control butter with low CLA (c9,t11) and VA; control butter added 5% CLA (c9,t11); control butter added 5% Tonalin [equal amount of CLA (c9,t11) and CLA (t10,c12)]; control butter added 5% VA; butter with high CLA (c9,t11) and VA (H‐CLA), for 3 weeks. The highest incorporation of CLA (c9,t11) was found in adipose tissue, and the lowest was observed in liver. Low intake of CLA (c9,t11) combined with high intake of VA resulted in a higher incorporation of CLA (c9,t11) in tissues due to the conversion of VA to CLA (c9,t11), compared to feeding CLA (c9,t11) without VA. However, in enterocytes, the proportion of CLA (c9,t11) was low after feeding VA, indicating no or only a minor conversion of VA to CLA (c9,t11) in the intestine. The incorporation of CLA (t10,c12) into TAG from plasma and tissues was generally much lower than that of the CLA (c9,t11) isomer, except in the enterocyte TAG, which had similar proportions of the two isomers.
The Synthesis of Brominated Tetrafluoro[2.2]paracyclophanes
Authors: Bondarenko Lidija , Kampf Jeff W. , Lahann Jörg 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe bromination of the two isomeric tetrafluoro[2.2]paracyclophanes was investigated under various conditions.We found selective conditions for mono‐ and dibrominationof 1,1,9,9‐tetrafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane in high yields. Furthermore, three tetrabromo isomers were characterized. The para‐dibromide of 1,1,10,10‐tetrafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane was prepared in high yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Site‐Directed Immobilization of Proteins Through Electrochemical Deprotection on Electroactive Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Dondapati Srujan Kumar , Montornes Josep M. , Sanchez Pablo Lozano , Sanchez Josep Lluis Acero , O'Sullivan Ciara , Katakis Ioanis 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAM) were obtained on gold electrodes using thioctic esters of benzo[1,3]dioxinol. These SAMs present a group that can be electroactivated selectively and was used for the directed, reagentless, covalent patterning of proteins. The advantage of this moiety is that it allows electroactivation at low potentials increasing selectivity and reliability. In this study, the efficiency of this patterning system is examined. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to confirm the electroactive nature of SAM modified electrodes, showing fast and complete electrochemical deprotection with one scan. The enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were patterned on the SAM‐modified electrode through Schiff's base formation after electrochemical deprotection, confirming the selective nature of the electroactive substrate. Amperometric response was measured after the GOx immobilization showing high selective response. Real time monitoring is shown by immobilization of HRP on the SAM modified surface using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (ESPR) after electrochemical deprotection, again showing high selective response when compared to the protected control.
Bioelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose by Immobilized Bacteria Gluconobacter oxydans. Evaluation of Water‐Insoluble Mediator Efficiency
Authors: Babkina Elena , Chigrinova Ekaterina , Ponamoreva Ol'ga , Alferov Valery , Reshetilov Anatoly 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor the first time it has been shown possible to use strain G. oxydans sbsp. industrius VKM B‐1280 in combination with water‐insoluble mediators: ferrocene, 1,1′‐dimethylferrocene, 2,5‐dibromo‐1,4‐benzoquinone, and 2‐methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone in the process of electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. Cell‐mediator interaction has been studied using a carbon paste electrode that comprised a mediator and immobilized bacteria. Catalytic activity of the system “mediator – bacterial cell – substrate” was characterized by three quantities: the maximum reaction rate and the ratios of the Michaelis constant to the distribution constant for the substrate and to that for the electron acceptor. It has been revealed that 2,5‐dibromo‐1,4‐benzoquinone is the most efficient for high catalytic activity.