bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF FEEDING ETHINYLOESTRADIOL FOR VARIOUS PERIODS BEFORE MATING ON REPRODUCTION IN THE HAMSTER
Authors: Davis B. K. , Noske I. , Chang M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ethinyloestradiol (EO) fed for various periods before mating to female hamsters affected the timing of mating and pregnancy rate. Slight effects on ovulation, foetal-crown rump length and resorption may have occurred, but effects on implantation were not apparent among pregnant hamsters. The response observed depended upon the feeding schedule adopted: hamsters fed 2.5 mg EO in a single dose, on day 3 before mating, mated normally but had a significantly lower pregnancy rate; on the other hand, animals fed 2.5 mg EO (0.21 mg/day) over three oestrous cycles, days 14–3 before mating, showed variations in the time of mating but had an essentially normal pregnancy rate; and, a group of hamsters who received the same total amount of EO (0.63 mg/day) over one oestrous cycle, days 6–3 premating, showed untowards effects by the steroid on both the timing of mating and pregnancy rate. The implications of these results are considered in relation to fertility control.
THE EFFECT OF CLOMIPHENE ON URINARY GONADOTROPHINS IN INFERTILE MEN
Authors: Christiansen Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to study the effect on urinary hypophyseal gonadotrophins as measured by specific bioassays, 19 infertile men aged 26 to 47 years, average 30.8, were treated with clomiphene citrate (Clomivid®) 50 mg daily for 30 days. During the last 8 days of treatment 24 hour urine samples were collected daily for the determination of total hypophyseal gonadotrophins (HG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). HG, FSH and LH rose equally to an average of 3 times the control values, the increase being highly significant statistically (P < 0.001). The most pronounced increase was observed in the cases with the lowest control values. Only one patient failed to respond. No side effects due to the drug were observed.
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY AND STEROIDOGENESIS IN THE IMMATURE RAT OVARY AFTER MALONATE TREATMENT
Authors: Dey Sudhansu K. , Gupta Jayasree Sen , Ghosh Sulekha , Deb C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Suppression of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity resulted in stimulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ5-3β-OHD) activities in the immature rat ovary after malonate treatment. The same treatment also produced depletion in the ovarian ascorbic acid and elevation in cholesterol concentrations, together with increase in the ovarian and uterine weight. The results indicate that stimulation of ovarian steroidogenesis, resulting from accelerated pentose phosphate pathway in combination with increased concentration of cholesterol in the gland, is possibly due to a direct effect of malonate on the immature rat ovary. The rise in ovarian and uterine weights is not due to the decreased inactivation of oestrogen in the liver, but rather to stimulation of steroid hormone synthesis in the immature ovary following malonate administration.
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE ZENTRALE AKTIVITÄT DES OESTRIOL. EIN WIRKUNGSVERGLEICH ZUM 17β-OESTRADIOL BEI NEUGEBORENEN RATTEN
Authors: Mönkemeier D. , Ohlenroth G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to clarify the central effect of oestriol quantitatively 5 day old male and female rats were treated with one subcutaneous injection of oestriol or 17β-oestradiol. From the 60th day of life these animals were mated with proven fertile partners. The animals were considered sterile if no pregnancy occurred within 60 days of the observation period. With reference to the standard 17β-oestradiol an activity was found for oestriol of 0.125 when tested on male rats and an activity of 0.26 when tested on female rats. Male animals treated with 17β-oestradiol were twice as sensitive as female rats. In female and male rats oestriol caused an identical central stimulation.
The central effect of oestriol in relation to the standard 17β-oestradiol was found to be much lower than former investigation had shown. Hence this effect especially with only one injection must be due to the more rapid elimination of oestriol as compared with the standard 17β-oestradiol.
THE POSSIBLE MODE OF ACTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS
Authors: Chatterjee Amar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Unilateral ovariectomy in cyclic rats caused a 37.1% gain in weight of the remaining ovaries and doubling of the number of ovulated ova in the following cycle over that observed in their operated counterpart. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), a very consistent luteolytic agent assumed to act by restricting the blood flow to the ovaries, failed to reverse the compensatory ovulation and hypertrophy of the surviving ovaries in the hemispayed rats even when a reasonably large dose of the drug was injected immediately following the operation on day 1 and repeated again on day 3 of the cycle. The surviving ovaries of the respective groups of the treated animals weighed 41.33±0.5 and 41.6±1.1 as compared to their operated counterparts i. e. 28.2 ±0.7 and 28.75 ±0.5. The possible mode of action of PGF2α in the regulation of ovarian physiology is discussed.
SERUM PROGESTERONE AND SERUM CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN HYDATIDIFORM MOLE AND CHORIOCARCINOMA
Authors: Teoh Eng Soon , Das N. P. , Dawood M. Yusoff , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were measured in the sera of 25 patients with hydatidiform mole, 10 patients with choriocarcinoma and 200 normal pregnancies by a competitive protein-binding assay and a haemagglutination-inhibition assay respectively. Elution of the petroleum ether extract of mole serum on Sephadex LH-20 showed that the main fraction (92.8%) was progesterone, followed by a small peak of 20 α-hydroxyprogesterone. In 21 intact hydatidiform moles, the mean serum progesterone of 106.0 ng/ml (range 17.8–263 ng/ml) was higher than for normal pregnancy. Serum HCG (mean 833 IU/ml) was similarly elevated. Low concentrations of progesterone (0–17.3 ng/ml) and HCG (15–160 IU/ml) were present in 4 patients who had aborted. The mean serum progesterone was not further elevated in patients with theca lutein cysts of the ovary. There was no correlation between the serum progesterone and the uterine size, serum HCG or malignant sequelae. In 10 cases of choriocarcinoma, the serum progesterone ranged from 1.3–61 ng/ml (mean 16.9 ng/ml), the serum HCG from 0–960 IU/ml (mean 158 IU/ml) but there was no correlation between the two values. The evidence suggests a hyperactive steroidogenesis in hydatidiform mole and poor steroidogenesis in choriocarcinoma. An HCG secretion occurs in both cases.
IN VITRO UPTAKE OF TRITIATED SEX STEROIDS BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF ADULT MALE RATS TREATED NEONATALLY WITH AN ANTIANDROGEN (CYPROTERONE)
Authors: Tuohimaa Pentti , Niemi Mikko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male rats were injected subcutaneously with 2 mg of cyproterone daily from birth to the 14th postnatal day. At the age of 40 days the animals were polycystic and corpora lutea were absent. There was an increased 37% of the ovarian implants showed distinct corpora lutea indicating cyclic secretion of gonadotrophins; the implants in the control animals were polycystic and corpora lutea were absent. There was an increased interstitial cell stimulating hormone output from the pituitary gland as indicated by the increased amount of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase active Leydig cells in the testes of the feminized animals.
The in vitro uptake of tritiated testosterone and oestradiol of various tissues was tested on rats, age 4.5 months. The anterior hypothalamus, the rostral middle hypothalamus, the median eminence and the anterior pituitary of the feminized males retained significantly more oestradiol than the cerebral cortex. The oestradiol uptake in these areas also exceeded that of the control animals. Only the median eminence of the cyproterone treated rats concentrated more testosterone than the cerebral cortex. The anterior hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of the feminized male rats were less able to transform tritiated testosterone to dihydrotestosterone or tritiated oestradiol to oestrone, as compared to adult castrated male or female animals, respectively.
CUSHING'S SYNDROME IN INFANCY
Authors: Lie Sverre O. , Havnen Jakob , Djøseland Ole 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A female infant has been described, who developed the typical clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome from the age of 41/2 months. The symptoms were caused by a benign tumour in the left adrenal gland. The tumour was removed surgically, and the patient recovered completely.
Tissue cultures of the tumour cells were established. Using explant techniques, there was no visible outgrowth of epithelial cells. However, the tumour cells secreted hormones into the growth medium for periods up to 4 weeks. The addition of ACTH was not required, suggesting an autonomous type of production. The explants were able to metabolize radioactively labelled testosterone for periods up to two months. The various metabolic products have been identified.
THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL AND DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN FORCE-FED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS INJECTED WITH CORTISONE AND/OR INSULIN
Authors: Tisell Lars-Eric , Angervall Lennart 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied in force-fed hypophysectomized castrated adrenalectomized rats following daily injections for fourteen days of protamine zinc insulin or cortisone acetate alone or in combination. Cortisone was given in daily doses of 3 mg and insulin was administered in increasing daily doses of protamine zinc insulin up to 8 IU.
Cortisone alone induced slight histological stimulation of the epithelium of the coagulating glands, while no stimulation was demonstrated in the other accessory reproductive organs.
After insulin alone the weight of the accessory reproductive organs was slightly increased but no stimulation was demonstrated histologically. Cortisone and insulin given in combination induced distinct signs of stimulation of all the accessory reproductive organs as assesed by histological examination and weight determination of the organs.
The results indicate that in the rat the growth stimulating effect of cortisone on the male accessory reproductive organs is markedly decreased or abolished in the absence of the anterior pituitary. Insulin can act synergistically with cortisone in promoting the growth of the accessory reproductive organs through effects which are not dependent on the presence of the adrenal glands or the anterior pituitary.
CYCLIC CHANGE IN HYPOTHALAMIC LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE ADULT FEMALE RAT
Authors: Morishita H. , Nagamachi N. , Kawamoto M. , Yoshida J. , Ozasa T. , Adachi H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the anterior, middle and posterior hypothalamus has been studied in adult female rats during the different phases of the oestrous cycle. Differences in LDH activity were found in the middle and posterior hypothalamus. LDH activity in the middle hypothalamus was significantly higher between 5:30 a. m. and 7:00 a. m. on the day of pro-oestrus than during the other phases (P < 0.01). (Rats were exposed to a controlled light schedule of 12 hours of light daily from 10 p. m. to 10 a. m.). LDH activity in the posterior hypothalamus was higher between 5:30 a. m. and 7:00 a. m. on the day of pro-oestrus than during the other phases. But this difference was not statistically significant. Ovulation which should occur during that night was blocked, when the rats were anaesthetized by pentobarbital between 5:30 a. m. and 7:00 a. m. during pro-oestrus. These findings indicate that the rise in LDH activity of the middle hypothalamus during the critical period may be related to the release of the luteinizing hormone releasing factor.
UPTAKE OF LABELLED HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN THE BRAIN OF THE ADULT FEMALE RAT
Authors: Yaginuma Tsutomu 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
125I, 125I-bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 125I-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were injected intravenously into adult female rats, and the radioactivity in the brain tissues was determined at 1, 2.5 and 4 h. Two and a half and 4 h after the injection of 125I-HCG, the radioactivity in the median eminence was significantly higher than in other tissues investigated, i. e. the anterior, middle and posterior hypothalamus, amygdala and cerebral cortex. Among the latter tissues no differences were found at any time. The radioactivity ratio of the median eminence to the cerebral cortex or plasma after the injection of 125I-HCG increased with time and at 4 h was significantly higher than after the injection of 125I-BSA. Following the administration of 1251 or 125I-BSA, no differences were found in radioactivity among the brain tissues at any time. A considerably higher uptake of radioactivity was observed in the ovary of the same animals 2.5 and 4 h after the injection of 125I-HCG, as compared to that after the injection of 125I or 125I-BSA. This may indicate that labelled HCG well retains its biologocal activity. Most of the radioactive materials taken up in the tissues following the injection of 125I-HCG was shown immunologically to be HCG. These results may indicate that the median eminence has a characteristic ability to take up and retain HCG. This is consistent with current evidence for the internal or short feedback of gonadotrophin to the median eminence.
STUDIES ON THE HERITABILITY OF THE VARIATION IN TBG-ACTIVITY AS REFLECTED IN THE RESIN UPTAKE OF 131I-T3 IN HUMANS
Authors: Carfagna Mario , Michiel H. , Krans J. , Volkers Wim S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution of thyroxine binding globulin activity (TBG-activity) as determined by the measurement of the resin uptake of 131I-triiodothyronine (131I-T3) has been studied in 96 Sardinian families including 339 normal males. 192 normal females and 59 Klinefelter patients. A sex difference was confirmed. No difference was however found between the levels exhibited by the Klinefelter patients and normal males. A quantitative heterogeneity in the resin uptake, which is largely under genetic control, has been found by performing exhaustive studies on the correlation of the expression of the trait in the relatives of different degree of kinship. Estimates of heritability have then been obtained which, while confirming the main genetic nature of the reported variation, do not allow us to decide in favour of an autosomal or X-linked model of inheritance. Arguments are discussed however which suggest that the interpretation of a quantitative heterogeneity in TBG-activity may depend on the existence of multiple allelism at one or more autosomal as well as at X-linked loci. The variability of PBI and resin uptake values can be partially explained by genetic factors.
ASPECTS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS. V
Authors: Mølsted-Pedersen Lars , Wagner Lise , Klebe Joachim G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 14 infants of diabetic and 14 infants of normal mothers an acute iv glucose load was given 3 hours after birth, and the plasma glucose was determined during the subsequent 150 min.
Two patterns of decrease in plasma glucose concentration were seen. In 8 infants of normal and 6 of diabetic mothers the minimum plasma glucose level – 37 and 39 mg/100 ml – was observed 110 and 90 min respectively after the injection of glucose. All these infants exhibited a significant increase in plasma glucose concentration during the next 40–50 min (rebound phenomenon).
In the remaining 6 infants of normal and 8 of diabetic mothers, the lowest plasma glucose level – 65 and 54 mg/100 ml – occurred during the period 120–150 min after the injection of glucose, and the glucose concentration fell more slowly and continued to decrease throughout the observation period.
The results indicate that counter-regulatory mechanisms against hypoglycaemia are operative in newborn infants of normal as well as of diabetic mothers. Thus, there is hardly any reason to fear persistent hypoglycaemia following acute glucose load in newborn infants.
STEROID EXCRETION PATTERNS IN URINE FROM TWO BOYS IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Gustafsson Sven , Olin Patrick 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used in a study of the excretion of steroids in urine in two normal boys one month of age and in two boys of the same age with clinical signs of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. A similar pattern of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroids – including 3β,21-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one and 5-pregnene-3β,20α,21-triol – was unexpectedly found in the mono- and disulphate fractions of urine from both the normal subjects and the patients. However, only the patients excreted saturated steroids in the urine indicating the adrenal secretion of progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. The results indicate the presence in the adrenal cortex of at least two separate 21-hydroxylase systems, one active on pregnenolone and one on 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. Furthermore, the excretion of large amounts of saturated steroids in the urine of the patients indicates a high activity of adrenal 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid oxidoreductase.
INHIBITION BY HUMAN SERUM OF THE ADIPOKINETIC EFFECT OF A HUMAN PITUITARY LIPID-MOBILIZING FACTOR
Authors: Trygstad Olav , Foss Irene 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A lipid-mobilizing factor (LMF) with an adipotrophic effect in human and animal fat tissue has been prepared from human pituitary glands. The addition of normal human serum to LMF reduced its lipolytic effect, and it was completely abolished by serum from a group of obese patients, whereas the lipolysis was not influenced by serum from patients with generalized lipodystrophy.
By DEAE-cellulose chromatography of human serum the inhibitory effect on LMF was found to be present in a protein fraction less acidic than the main serum albumin fraction. The inhibitory fraction was deprived of some contaminants by Sephadex gel filtration. Disc electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of three components in the inhibitory protein (IP), and they were identified as albumin, transferin, and haemopexin by immuno-electrophoresis. Precipitation of these proteins by their rabbit antisera demonstrated that the inhibitory effect was present in the albumin fraction. Insulin like activity was not observed in IP. A protein binding of LMF by IP could not be demonstrated. Incubation at 37°C for one hour of a mixture of LMF and IP eliminated the electrophoretic picture of LMF. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of human serum may be due to proteolysis of LMF.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN THE TREATMENT OF ANOVULATION WITH HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Starup J. , Sele V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Forty four infertile women aged 23 to 39 were treated for one cycle with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) because of amenorrhoae or severe oligomenorrhoea. The material was divided into 3 comparable groups taking into account both the age and the menstrual disorder. In all 44 patients HMG was individually administered, and the treatment was monitored by daily determination of the oestrogen excretion and by daily vaginal examination. We aimed at an oestrogen level of 50 to 150 μg/day before the shift to HCG, and the first dose of HCG was given when the oestrogen values were rising slowly.
The total dose of HCG was divided into 3 equal doses, which were given for 3 consecutive days starting 24 hours after the last dose of HMG. Group 1 consisted of 14 patients and received 1500 IU of HCG daily, group 2 consisted of 14 patients and were given 3000 IU of HCG daily, and group 3 consisted of 16 patients who received 6000 IU of HCG daily. The patients were followed up by daily determination of the excretion of oestrogens and pregnanediol and by daily vaginal examination until either the pregnancy test was positive or menstrual bleeding occurred. The ovulation rate showed no difference in the 3 groups. Because of the small size of the material we are not able to draw any conclusion with regard to a possible difference in the pregnancy rate in the 3 groups, but it should be noted that 2 normal pregnancies occurred in group 1. The luteal phase was, however, significantly shorter in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3, whereas the difference between the latter 2 groups was not significant. On this basis we now recommend a total dose of 9000 IU HCG as the optimal dose.
The present study did not show any correlation between the dose of HCG and the frequency and grade of hyper-stimulation. On the other hand, there seemed to be a fairly good correlation between the occurrence and grade of hyper-stimulation and the oestrogen level at the shift to HCG, and we now consider an oestrogen level of 50 to 100 μg/day to be optimal.
URINARY EXCRETION OF TETRAHYDROALDOSTERONE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY AND CONN'S SYNDROME
Authors: Nielsen Meta Damkjær , Lund Jens Otto , Munck Ole 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A description is given of a method for paper chromatographic separation and spectrophotometric determination of urinary tetrahydroaldosterone (3α,11β,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-on-18-al). Commercially available tritiated tetrahydroaldosterone was used for localization on paper throughout the procedure. Quantitation was performed after blue tetrazolium reaction using deoxycorticosterone acetate as standard. The coefficient of variation of duplicates was 12 per cent.
In normal adult subjects, on a free diet and with no restrictions in physical activity, the urinary tetrahydroaldosterone averaged 33 μg/24 h, range 3–70 μg/24 h. On a diet with 110 mEq. sodium per 24 h and ordinary hospital regimen, the mean value was 31 μg/24 h, range 11–59 μg/24 h.
In normal children up to the age of 3 years, the urinary tetrahydroaldosterone averaged 10 μg/24 h, range 0–29 μg/24 h. In the age group 3–14 years, the mean excretion was 20 μg/24 h, range 8–43 μg/24 h. During sodium restriction, a 2–3 fold increase in urinary tetrahydroaldosterone was observed in normal subjects. In patients with adrenal insufficiency, the values were below 9 μg/24 h, and in four patients with Conn's syndrome, the excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone was 72–284 μg/24 h. The method was found suitable for routine clinical use.
EVIDENCE FOR DEFICIENT 20α-CHOLESTEROL-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY IN ADRENAL TISSUE OF A PATIENT WITH LIPOID ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Degenhart H. J. , Visser H. K. A. , Boon H. , O'Doherty N. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Enzyme preparations were isolated from post-mortem adrenal tissue of a patient with lipoid adrenal hyperplasia and normal human- and bovine adrenal tissue. Cholesterol-cleaving properties were studied in incubation experiments with the addition of appropriate substrates. Cholesterol-cleaving activity of enzyme preparations of adrenal tissue from the patient was extremely low as compared with normal controls. There was no difference in 20α-hydroxycholesterol-cleaving activity. There is thus evidence for a deficient 20α-cholesterol-hydroxylase activity in the adrenal tissue of this patient with lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.