bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Treatment and Late Prognosis of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: WASZ‐HÖCKERT OLE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryCertain controversial subjects in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis are analyzed, amongst them intrathecal administration of streptomycin, the toxicity of isoniazid, long‐term treatment with INH, and the etiological role of the primarily resistant strains of tubercle bacilli. The corticoid problem is given special consideration and the possibility of iatrogenic late sequelae due to corticoids is discussed at length. The importance of proper neurosurgical management in cases with increased intracranial pressure and signs of block formation and the value of preventive measures, like BCG vaccination, chemoprophylaxis and isolation are also stressed.In addition, the methods of treatment presently employed at the Children's Hospital are presented in detail and certain therapeutical problems are discussed in this connection. The recent results, from the years 1956—62, are outlined. Finally, in the late prognosis of the survivors of tuberculous meningitis the emphasis is laid upon certain sociomedical aspects and the children are grouped into: Group A — 50 –60 per cent — fully recovered individuals with no handicaps; Group B – 30—40 per cent — individuals with minor handicaps requiring efficient rehabilitation and special training but with a favourable socio‐medical prognosis when given these; and Group C — 10 per cent — severely handicapped individuals at the mercy of the domestic environment and or the community.
Deficiency of Pyruvate Kinase in the Erythrocytes of a Child with Hereditary Non‐Spherocytic Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: BUSCH D. , WITT I. , BERGER M. , KÜNZER W. , SCHMUCK K. , MÜLLER H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryWe report on a nine‐year‐old boy with the symptoms of a hereditary non‐sphero‐cytic anemia, whose erythrocytes showed a decrease of pyruvate kinase activity to about 50% of the normal level. A low level of ATP and an increase of the concentrations of 2,3‐DPG, 3‐PG and PEP were also found. Genetical and biochemical problems are discussed. This anemis belongs to Type I, according to Selwyn and Dacie.
Craniosynostosis as a Complication after Operation for Hydrocephalus
Authors: ANDERSSON HUGO 
Published: January 2008

SummaryPremature closure of the cranial sutures as complication to hydrocephalus surgery is previously only briefly mentioned in the literature. An interesting feature is the abnormal thickening of the cranial bones, observed in the three cases presented. This might have something to do with the pressure that the normally growing brain probably exerts upon the bones during the development of the cranium.The use of low‐pressure valves has now been discarded when operating hydro‐cephalus in our clinic.The surgical correction of the secondary premature closure is probably more complicated than otherwise in these cases.
Urinary Excretion of I131‐Diodrast Injected Intraventricularly in Communicating Hydrocephalus and Aqueduct Stenosis
Authors: GROTTE GUNNAR , SJÖGREN IRÉNE , SJÖGREN HĂKAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryNine cases of expansive infantile hydro‐cephalus were investigated by injecting Small amounts of I131‐Diodrast intra‐ventricularly. Urinary excretion of the tracer was determined during the first 4‐5 hours after injection. The cumulative excretion of Diodrast from the C.S.F. differs in cases with communicating hydrocephalus from those with stenosis of the aqueduct. The investigation is rapid and easily performed and has not produced any side effects.
The Effect of Prenatal Glucose and Insulin Infusion on Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Newborn
Authors: ZNAMENÁCEK K. , PŘIBYLOVÁ H. , ŠABATA V. 
Published: January 2008

Summary10 women in labor received a drip infusion of 500 ml of 10% glucose with 16 units of crystalline insulin and further 10 received glucose infusion without insulin, about 30 min. before giving birth. In the newborn infants of these mothers was a continuous fall in the high initial blood glucose values in capillary blood, with significant decrease in ballast excess lactate, without increase in oxygen consumption. It would appear that prenatal infusion of glucose with insulin decreased partially anaerobic metabolism, without increasing the oxidative component. Such an effect might lower the tendency of the newborn to go into metabolic acidosis after birth, and assist the establishment of normal respiration.
Erythropoietin Levels in Cord Blood as an Indicator of Intrauterine Hypoxia
Authors: FINNE PER HAAVARDSHOLM 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe erythropoietin content in cord blood was determined from normal full term infants, fants, from infants born more than 2 weeks after term, from infants of preeclamptic, diabetic and Rh‐immunized mothers. The group of normal infants showed higher ergthropoietin levels than the premature group. Highly elevated erythropoietin levels were found in some infants in the preeclamptic, the postmature group and in the infants of diabetic mothers. The greatest frequency of increased erythropoietin levels were found in the preeclamptic group. The infants with the greatest rise in erythropoietin content often showed clinical signs of dysmaturity. Erythroblastotic infants seemed to show a rise in erythropoietin levels when capillary hemoglobin fell below 13‐11 g. The results indicate that both anemic and hypoxic hypoxia may give an increase in erythro‐poietin content, and that erythropoietin is a stimulating factor for red cell production in fetal life, at least in the last months.
Salicylate‐Induced Fetal Death and Malformations in Two Mouse Strains
Authors: LARSSON K. S. , ERIKSSON M. 
Published: January 2008

SummarySodium salicylate was given i.m. in a single dose on one gestation day (9th, 11th, 13th, 15th or 17th) to pregnant primiparous mice of A/Jax and CBA strains and of their reciprocal crossings. The incidence of fetal death and resorption and of vessel and skeletal anomalies induced in the fetuses was estimated on the 18th day of pregnancy.Fetal resorption rate increased steadily the later sodium salicylate was given in pregnancy, in the A/Jax strain, as well as in the litters of A/Jax females mated with CBA males. In the CBA strain and in the litters of CBA females mated with A/Jax males, on the contrary, the resorption rate was low even after injection in late pregnancy.Vessel anomalies were observed in the highest incidence after injection on the 15th gestation day, whereas anomalies of ribs and vertebrae showed the highest incidence after injection on the 9th day. In these respects as well, the A/Jax strain as A/Jax females mated with CBA males were observed to be the most susceptible.The present results indicate that, in the suggested drug tests for teratogenic action, the drug should also be given after the organogenetic period, and that special attention should be focused on fetal lethality. The mechanisms underlying the salicylate‐induced fetal damage are discussed.
Arterial Blood Gas and Acid Base Balance in the Newborn Infant: Effects of Cord Clamping at Birth
Authors: OH WILLIAM , ARCILLA RENE A. , LIND JOHN , GESSNER IRA H. 
Published: January 2008

Summary and ConclusionLeft atrial and proximal aortic blood samples were obtained from 118 normal term newborn infants less than 24 hours of age. PO2 pCO2 pH and buffer base were measured to evaluate the effects of early versus late cord clamping at birth. During the first three hours of life, the late clamped infants had a lower paO2, and higher paCO2, than the early clamped infants.During the first 5 hours of life, both early and late clamped infants had mild metabolic acidosis. The blood pH was the Same in both groups in spite of the lonwer pC02, level in the early clamped infants. There was an addition, lower standard bicarbonate content and greater buffer base deficiet in the early clamped infants.
Generalized Histiocytic Reticulo‐Endotheliosis and Leuco‐Encephalopathy in Childhood
Authors: KRISTENSSON KRISTER 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA report is given of a 6‐year‐old boy, who at 3 years of age suddenly developed signs of ataxia. Multiple eosinophilic granulomata of the bones were found, which healed on X‐ray treatment. Later a spastic tetraparesis and some epileptic fits complicated the picture. At autopsy a multifocal demyelinating leuco‐encephalopathy, histiocytic granulomata of the lungs and a diffuse histiocytic proliferation of the liver, spleen and thymus were found. Since a few cases of a similar demyelinating leuco‐encephalopathy hare been described in combination with HandSchüller‐Christian disease, a clinical variant of histiocytic reticulo‐endotheliosis, this combination must be more than a coincidence and has to be taken into consideration when a patient with histiocytic reticulo‐endotheliosis develops cerebral symptoms.
Neonatal Ascites and Urinary‐Tract Obstruction
Authors: LINDE NIELS CHRISTIAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case is reported in which ascites and anuria due to unilateral ureteral stenosis and renal agenesia on the other side developed in a 14‐day‐old girl. After relief of the stenosis, the ascites disappeared, and one year after the operation the patient is alive and well.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE HUMAN NEONATAL CIRCULATION
Authors: WALLGREN GORAN , HANSON JOHN S. , TABAKIN BURTON S. , RÄIHÄ NIELS , VAPAAVUORI EERO 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTen premature infants were investigated with respect to central and peripheral circulatory patterns. Five of the patients had the typical picture of respiratory distress syndrome of varying severity whereas the rest were free of pulmonary pathology. The circulation in the premature infants without respiratory distress is characterized by pulmonary as well as systemic hyperkinesis and the presence of small right‐left shunts through the foramen ovale. In contrast to the findings in healthy premature infants, the respiratory distress cases usually had a low systemic and pulmonary perfusion with pronounced intra – as well as extra pulmonary right‐left shunts.
REVERSIBLE ADRENAL UNRESPONSIVENESS IN A PATIENT WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Kulin Howard E. , Wilson Hildegard W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA 7 1/2‐year‐old boy in whom the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was made at age 5 weeks is presented. Treatment with exogenous corticoids was started immediately, but between ages 1 to 4 an Addisonian state intervened. Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia then reappeared after age 6, following a reduction in corticoid replacement. Suppression of ACTH by exogenous glucucorticoid is suggested as a possible cause of this reversible adrenal failure.
STUDIES ON ERYTHRO‐KINETICS IN INFANCY XI. The Change in Circulating Red Cell Volume During the First Five Months of Life
Authors: Bratteby Lars‐Eric 
Published: January 2008

SummarySixty measurements of circulating red cell volume using a 51Cr method were performed in 22 full‐term and 16 premature infants during the age interval 0–138 days. In 15 of these infants 2 or 3 measurements were made.During the first 6 weeks of life the average decrease of red cell volume was 0.9% per day. In this respect no difference was found between full‐term and premature infants.By comparing the change in red cell volume found in this study with data from the literature on the disappearance rate of foetal red blood cells from the circulation, the red blood cell production of full‐term infants during the first 2 months of life was found to be quite small and in accordance with previously published estimates.The initial level of red cell volume was regained by the full‐term infants at the age of 5–6 months.The data collected also contribute to information on normal values for red cell volume, plasma volume and total blood volume during early infancy.
CONGENITAL RENAL DYSPLASIA, RETINAL DYSPLASIA AND MENTAL RETARDATION ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERPROLINURIA AND HYPER‐OH‐PROLINURIA
Authors: Rokkones Torgeir , Løken Aagot Christie 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case is described with prolinuria and OH‐prolinuria associated with congenital renal dysplasia, retinal dysplasia and mental retardation. The mental disturbance showed a peculiar picture of autism. Consanguinity supports the assumption that the disease is caused by a recessive gene. There was an accumulation of nervous diseases in the family. This raises the question whether one recessive gene may condition the individual for psychiatric diseases.
CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPOPLASIA IN TWO INFANTS
Authors: Zondek Lilly H. , Zondek Theodor 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo new cases of congenital adrenal hypoplasia in male infants have been described. In one case, the adrenals showed the true anencephalic type of the disease and the infant survived for 6 1/2 weeks without treatment. In the second case, the adrenals showed the true cytomegalic type and the infant died at the age of 27 days after treatment with steroids. There was also an accessory adrenal gland attached to the head of the right epididymis.The significance of these findings is discussed.
CHAPTER XIII Treatment of pituitary dwarfism with human growth hormone
Authors: Roos Paul 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo mg HGH has been given twice a week to nine patients with pituitary dwarfism and to four children in whom pituitary dwarfism was suspected. All nine patients with proved hypopituitarism increased their growth velocity, the mean height increment during the first year of treatment being 10.5 cm. During the following years the growth velocity approached normal growth. None of the patients became resistant to the treatment and regular tests for antibodies were negative. None of four patients with doubtful hypopituitarism responded to the treatment.
The Intrapulmonary Arterial Pattern in Normal Infancy And in Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: ROBERTSON BENGT 
Published: January 2008

SummaryMicroangiographic and histologic studies of the pulmonary and bronchial arterial systems were carried out on 52 normal human fetuses, infants and children and on a series of 17 infants with transposition of the great arteries, isolated or associated with an interventricular septum defect. Particular attention was paid to various types of aberrations from the basic arterial pattern: arterial bronchopulmonary anastomoses, pulmobronchial arteries and bronchopulmonary arteries.The arterial bronchopulmonary anastomoses are of essentially the same type in normal cases as in transposition of the great arteries. The normal number of anastomoses is greater in infancy and early childhood than in the late fetal and neonatal period. From the age of a few months, however, many of the anastomoses become narrowed or obliterated. Abnormal pattern of the pulmonary arterial system, including abnormal pulmobronchial arteries, is a prominent feature in isolated transposition, less so in transposition associated with interventricular septum defect. In isolated transposition there is a considerable increase in the bronchial‐artery supply of the pulmonary parenchyma proper via bronchopulmonary arteries. In transposition associated with interventricular septum defect, the bronchial‐artery supply of the pulmonary parenchyma has a normal extent or is only moderately increased.
The Development of Children in a Swedish Urban Community A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: KLACKENBERG GUNNAR , KARLBERG PETTER , KLACKENBERG‐LARSSON INGRID , LICHTENSTEIN HENRIK , STENSSON JAN , SVENNBERG INGA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe social conditions of the 212 families participating in the longitudinal study during the children's first three years of life are described with reference to 23 tables and 2 figures in respect of housing standard, education, occupation and income. The material is classified under each of these variables on a 5‐grade scale in accordance with an international social grouping system (Graffar). The aggregate values of the different variables are considered to reflect the socio‐economic level of the family.
THROMBASTHENIA: A STUDY OF TWO SIBLINGS
Authors: Zaizov R. , Cohen I. , Matoth Y. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryClinical and laboratory observations on a brother and sister with congenital hemorrhagic disorder are presented. Both had prolonged bleeding time, poor clot retraction and failure of the platelets to aggregate and adhere to glass in the presence of ADP, absence of platelet extractable fibrinogen and impairment of platelet factor 3 availability. The abnormal platelet function, confirms the recent diagnostic criteria of thrombasthenia. Coagulation studies in the parents were normal. The hemostatic abnormality in thrombasthenia is discussed.
NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA II. A Clinical Study of 44 Idiopathic Cases with Special Reference to Corticosteroid Treatment
Authors: Raivio Kari O. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryForty‐four newborn infants with significant hypoglycemia, i. e. with two or more true blood glucose values of 20 mg/100 ml or less, have been studied. Two thirds of the patients were males, and a similar proportion had low birth weight for gestation, mostly associated with maternal toxemia.Hypoglycemia was diagnosed during the first day of life in 34 cases. Only three infants were asymptomatic, whereas the others exhibited various nonspecific symptoms, which generally were more severe in patients aged two or three days. A therapeutic test with glucose was positive in only 20 infants, and mostly negative before 24 hours of age. The hypoglycemia was transient in all cases.Mental retardation with spasticity and infantile spasms has developed in four infants by the age of six months, and one of them died at the age of eight months. The others appear normal after 4–26 months of observation.A significant effect of hydrocortisone in shortening the duration of hypoglycemia was demonstrated.On the basis of experience with the patients reported, it is suggested that all infants with significant hypoglycemia should be efficiently treated, regardless of symptomatology.
DERMATOGLYPHS IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE A familial survey of 100 cases
Authors: Cascos A. Sánchez 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA familial dermatoglyphic survey has been carried out in relation to 100 patients with congenital heart disease.Separating the cases with characteristic dermatoglyphic traits from the rest it was found that they were more like their mothers than their fathers and than the remaining cases. The parents were also more alike in the same respect than the other parents.These findings support the concept of a genetically determined fraction amongst all the patients with congenital heart disease.
GLUCOSE‐GALACTOSE MALABSORPTION A Study with Biopsy of the Small Intestinal Mucosa
Authors: Meeuwisse G. W. , Dahlqvist A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIntestinal biopsies from two patients with glucose‐galactose malabsorption have been subjected to biochemical and histological studies and the absorption of glucose, mannitol and sodium has been studied with a perfusion technique in one of the patients. No accumulation of glucose against a concentration gradient was found during in vitro incubation of mucosa from the patients. Phloridzin did not further decrease the slow glucose uptake by the mucosa. L‐Alanine uptake was normal. Intestinal mucosa from both parents of a patient with glucose‐galactose malabsorption accumulated glucose. In mucosa from patients with glucose‐galactose malabsorption disaccharidase activities were normal, sodium activation of invertase could be demonstrated and ouabain‐inhibited (pump‐) ATP‐ase activity was present. The histology was essentially normal both by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The per fusion study in vivo demonstrated not only a very slow absorption of glucose but also leakage of glucose into the lumen. Sodium absorption was not impaired. From the data obtained it is suggested that this inborn error of metabolism is localized at the level of the glucose‐galactose membrane carrier of the small intestinal mucosa.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS AND SIDE‐EFFECTS OF PENICILLIN V AND AMPICILLIN IN THE TREATMENT OF SCARLET FEVER
Authors: Ström Justus 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA comparison of the effect of penicillin V and ampicillin in the treatment of scarlet fever has been made in two series of 110 patients each. Clinically and bacteriologically both drugs showed a very satisfactory effect, penicillin V being superior–half the dose of this drug bringing about a rather shorter period of fever, quicker elimination of bacteria, and less streptococcal recurrence. The serological reaction, judged from the antistreptolysin titre, was the same in the two series, and likewise the incidence of recurrences of scarlet fever.As regards sife‐effects there was a considerable difference. Exanthema, sometimes accompanied by fever, occurred on the eighth to tenth day of 10 ampicillin cases (9%) but in no penicillin V case. One patient on ampicillin had a mild mucocutaneous syndrome. In 11 (10%) of the ampicillin cases and 4 of the penicillin V cases there was a clinically inexplicable febrile condition of a fairly pronounced nature beginning on the third to eighth day. The author interpret the exanthema cases as an allergic reaction of the nature of serum disease, the febrile cases on the other hand as a non‐allergic type of drug fever, perhaps being brought about by a change in the intestinal flora. A knowledge concerning the latter type of reaction is of practical significance.
AN OUTBREAK AMONG CHILDREN OF ASEPTIC MENINGITIS CAUSED BY ECHOVIRUS TYPE 9 A Clinical and Serological Study
Authors: Moshkowitz Abraham , Grinfeld Andre , Abrahamov Abraham , Nishmi Moshe 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn outbreak of aseptic meningitis broke out in a limited residential area of Jerusalem, Israel, in the early summer of 1967. The patients, whose ages varied from 15 months to 10 years, presented a clinical picture of acute meningitis. Nuchal rigidity, positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs and high temperature were noted in all cases.Examination of the CSF revealed pleocytosis, mostly of mononuclear cells.Echovirus 9 was isolated from the CSF of 5 patients and from a throat swab and rectal swab taken from the sixth patient.The outbreak lasted for 5 weeks, and all the patients recovered completely.
METHYLMALONIC ACIDEMIA A Disorder Associated with Acidosis, Hyperglycinemia, and Hyperlactatemia
Authors: Lindblad Bengt , Lindblad Bo S. , Olin Patrick , Svanberg Börje , Zetterström Rolf 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe clinical and biochemical features of a case of methylmalonic acidemia, a newly described inborn error of metabolism, are reported.The cardinal feature was chronic metabolic acidosis which was controlled by restriction of the protein intake. Periodically, exacerbations with vomiting, dehydration, lethargy, coma, and even peripheral circulatory failure have appeared. The crisis have been induced by trivial acute infections and by overloading with protein. Mild symptoms appeared in the neonatal period, crises after an age of 4 months. When the protein intake was high, there was marked muscular hypotonia, developmental retardation, and neutropenia. When acidosis was controlled by protein restriction and treatment with bicarbonate the baby made marked progress. At 23/12 years of age the development was normal.The patient excreted large amounts of methylmalonic acid in the urine and the blood level was elevated. Other biochemical abnormalities were hyperglycinemia, hyperglycinuria, and hyperlactatemia.The hypothesis that the basic metabolic defect in methylmalonic acidemia and the ketotic type of hyperglycinemia is the same is discussed, as are the similarities between methylmalonic acidemia and infantile lactic acidosis.