bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Induced Charge Separation in Covalently Linked BODIPY‐Quinone‐Alkyne Dyads
Authors: Knoll Sebastian , Zens Clara , Maisuradze Tamar , Schmidt Heiner , Kupfer Stephan , Zedler Linda , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin , Streb Carsten 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVisible light‐induced charge separation and directional charge transfer are cornerstones for artificial photosynthesis and the generation of solar fuels. Here, we report synthetic access to a series of noble metal‐free donor‐acceptor dyads based on bodipy light‐absorbers and redox‐active quinone/anthraquinone charge storage sites. Peripheral functionalization of the quinone/anthraquinone units with alkynes primes the dyads for integration into a range of light‐harvesting systems, e. g., by Cu‐catalyzed cycloadditions (CLICK chemistry) or Pd‐catalyzed C−C cross‐coupling reactions. Initial photophysical, electrochemical and theoretical analyses reveal the principal processes during the light‐induced charge separation in the reported dyads.
3D‐Printed Eosin Y‐Based Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Organic Reactions
Authors: Delacourt Cloé , Chemtob Abraham , Goddard Jean‐Philippe , Spangenberg Arnaud , Cormier Morgan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHeterogenization of Eosin Y by 3D‐printing and its application in photocatalysis are reported. The approach allows a fine tuning of the photocatalyst morphology and its rapid preparation. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated through model organic reactions involving oxidation, reduction, and photosensitization pathways. The efficiency, recyclability and stability of 3D printed EY is remarkable paving the way to new generation of heterogeneous photocatalysts with a perfect control of their shape and adaptable to any photoreactors.
Mid‐IR and CH stretching vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy to distinguish various sources of chirality: The case of quinophaneoxazoline based ruthenium(II) complexes
Authors: Fusè Marco , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Abbate Sergio , Ruzziconi Renzo , Bloino Julien , Longhi Giovanna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFive diastereomers of ruthenium(II) complexes based on quinolinophaneoxazoline ligands were investigated by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) in the mid‐IR and CH stretching regions. Diastereomers differ in three sources of chirality: the planar chirality of the quinolinophane moiety, the central chirality of an asymmetric carbon atom of the oxazoline ring, and the chirality of the ruthenium atom. VCD, allied to DFT calculations, has been found to be effective in disentangling the various forms of chirality. In particular, a VCD band is identified in the CH stretching region directly connected to the chirality of the metal. The analysis of the calculated VCD spectra is carried out by partitioning the complexes into fragments. The anharmonic analysis is also performed with a recently proposed reduced‐dimensionality approach: such treatment is particularly important when examining spectroscopic regions highly perturbed by resonances, like the CH stretching region.
Phase 1b/2 study of penpulimab (AK105), an antiprogrammed cell death‐1 immunoglobulin G1 antibody, in advanced or metastatic solid tumors (AK105‐204)
Authors: Zheng Yulong , Zhu Jianqing , Xiong Jianping , Jiang Ou , Wang Hong , Xie Yanru , Zhou Yuefen , Xu Nong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPenpulimab, a new‐generation antiprogrammed cell death‐1 immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, was engineered to optimize receptor occupancy and eliminate fragment crystallizable γ‐mediated effector function. In this multicenter, phase 1b/2, multicohort study, the objective was to investigate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of penpulimab in advanced solid tumors.MethodsPatients who had unresectable, advanced solid tumors were enrolled from six centers and received 200 mg penpulimab on day 1 every 2 weeks for up to 24 months. The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version criteria 1.1.ResultsBetween September 2, 2019, and January 1, 2020, 65 patients were enrolled and received penpulimab. At the time of data cutoff (May 11, 2022), the median follow‐up was 12.6 months (range, 1.1–28.6 months). The ORR was 12.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5%–22.8%), with three (4.6%) complete responses and five (7.7%) partial responses. Twelve patients (18.5%) achieved stable disease, resulting in a disease control rate of 30.8% (95% CI, 19.9%–43.4%). The median duration of response was not reached (95% CI, 6.70 months to not estimable). In all cohorts, the median progression‐free survival was 1.74 months (95% CI, 1.41–2.69 months), and the median overall survival was 16.59 months (95% CI, 7.82–22.18 months). Grade 3 or greater treatment‐related adverse events and immune‐related adverse events occurred in 9.2% and 27.7% of patients, respectively. Positive antidrug antibody responses to penpulimab were observed in one patient (1.8%).ConclusionsPenpulimab showed promising antitumor activity with an acceptable safety profile, offering a potential new treatment approach for solid tumors. These findings supported the evaluation of penpulimab's durable activity and safety, as monotherapy or in combination therapy, in specific malignancies.
Ranking‐based architecture generation for surrogate‐assisted neural architecture search
Authors: Xiao Songyi , Wang Wenjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArchitectures generation optimization has been received a lot of attention in neural architecture search (NAS) since its efficiency in generating architecture. By learning the architecture representation through unsupervised learning and constructing a latent space, the prediction process of predictors is simplified, leading to improved efficiency in architecture search. However, searching for architectures with top performance in complex and large NAS search spaces remains challenging. In this paper, an approach that combined a ranker and generative model is proposed to address this challenge through regularizing the latent space and identifying architectures with top rankings. We introduce the ranking error to gradually regulate the training of the generative model, making it easier to identify architecture representations in the latent space. Additionally, a surrogate‐assisted evolutionary search method that utilized neural network Bayesian optimization is proposed to efficiently explore promising architectures in the latent space. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach in optimizing architectures with top rankings, and our method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art techniques on various NAS benchmarks. The code is available athttps://github.com/outofstyle/RAGS‐NAS.
Insights into employee perspectives on corporate social responsibility policies and practices: Embeddedness, participation, and meaningfulness through work
Authors: Rodrigues Susana , Proença Teresa , Ferreira Marisa R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has an increasingly important role in organizations, which are taking a proactive stance in the inclusion of concerns and initiatives at this level. This theme has an impact on employees, namely in the meaningfulness through work. Thus, this research aims to assess whether the CSR affect the meaningfulness through work, and whether the degree of incorporation and the design and implementation approach interfere in this relationship. The results, obtained from 235 responses, suggest that it is not CSR policies and practices that impact meaningfulness through work. For this feeling to be achieved, it is necessary for employees to perceive CSR as embedded and the design and implementation of policies and practices to be bottom‐up. In other words, for CSR to lead to real benefits for employees, organizations must make a genuine and substantial commitment to it.
Computational Investigation of Carbon Based Anode Materials for Li‐ and Post‐Li‐ Ion Batteries
Authors: Azizi Jafar , Groß Axel , Euchner Holger 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to its negligible capacity with respect to sodium intercalation, graphite is not suited as anode material for sodium ion batteries. Hard carbon materials, on the other hand, provide reasonably high capacities at low insertion potential, making them a promising anode materials for sodium (and potassium) ion batteries. The particular nanostructure of these functionalized carbon‐based materials has been found to be crucially linked to the material performance. However, there is still a lack of understanding with respect to the functional role of structural units, such as defects, for intercalation and storage. To overcome these problems, the intercalation of Li, Na, and K in graphitic model structures with distinct defect configurations has been investigated by density functional theory. The calculations confirm that defects are able to stabilize intercalation of larger alkali metal contents. At the same time, it is shown that a combination of phonon and band structure calculations are able to explain characteristic Raman features typically observed for alkali metal intercalation in hard carbon, furthermore allowing for the quantification of the alkali metal intercalation inbetween the layers of hard carbon anodes.
Rapid Dissolution of Gold in Alcohols by In‐Situ Generation of Halogens
Authors: Nag Abhijit , Morrison Carole A. , Love Jason B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe dissolution of elemental gold is a fundamental step in its recycling by hydrometallurgy but has a significant environmental impact due to the use of strong acids or highly toxic reagents. Herein, it is shown that mixtures of acetyl halides and hydrogen peroxide in alcohols promote the rapid room‐temperature dissolution of gold by halogenation to form Au(III) metalates. After leaching, distillation of the alcohol and re‐dissolution in dilute HCl, the gold was refined through its precipitation by a simple diamide ligand; this method was also applied to separate gold from a mixture of metals. The leaching process is rapid, avoids the use of highly toxic materials and corrosive acids, and can be integrated into selective separation processes, so has the potential to be used in the purification of gold from ores, spent catalysts, and electronic and nano‐waste.
Closed‐Loop Polymer‐to‐Polymer Upcycling of Waste Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) into Biodegradable and Programmable Materials
Authors: Qin Lidong , Li Xiaoxu , Ren Geng , Yuan Rongyan , Wang Xinyu , Hu Zexu , Ye Chenwu , Zou Yangyang , Ding Peiqing , Zhang Hongjie , Cai Qiuquan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), extensively employed in bottles, film, and fiber manufacture, has generated persistent environmental contamination due to its non‐degradable nature. The resolution of this issue requires the conversion of waste PET into valuable products, often achieved through depolymerization into monomers. However, the laborious purification procedures involved in the extraction of monomers pose challenges and constraints on the complete utilization of PET. Herein, a strategy is demonstrated for the polymer‐to‐polymer upcycling of waste PET into high‐value biodegradable and programmable materials named PEXT. This process involves reversible transesterifications dependent on ester bonds, wherein commercially available X‐monomers from aliphatic diacids and diols are introduced, utilizing existing industrial equipment for complete PET utilization. PEXT features a programmable molecular structure, delivering tailored mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation performance. Notably, PEXT exhibits superior mechanical performance, with a maximal elongation at break of 3419.2 % and a toughness of 270.79 MJ m−3. These characteristics make PEXT suitable for numerous applications, including shape‐memory materials, transparent films, and fracture‐resistant stretchable components. Significantly, PEXT allows closed‐loop recycling within specific biodegradable analogs by reprograming PET or X‐monomers. This strategy not only offers cost‐effective advantages in large‐scale upcycling of waste PET into advanced materials but also demonstrates its enormous prospect in environmental conservation.
Mitigation of common mode voltage in ultra sparse matrix converters using auxiliary shoot‐through switches for wind energy systems
Authors: Siva Vulavakayala , Singh Santosh K. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis paper targets to minimize the peak common mode voltage (CMV) in ultra sparse matrix converters (USMC) by applying new zero vectors for the space vector modulation technique (SVM). Conventional zero vectors in the SVM raise the peak CMV by 42.23%. An increased magnitude of CMV is associated with the occurrence of leakage current, hence resulting in insulation degradation. So, the reduction of peak CMV is necessary for USMC. The proposed method offers suitable switching arrangements using auxiliary shoot through (AST) switches to minimize the peak‐to‐peak CMV. This proposed method holds the advantages of the conventional method, like a wide range of modulation index and zero current switching at the rectifier side, and also reduces the CMV problem. This paper also provides a comparative analysis of the existing reported methods and the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through both simulation and experimental results.
Incorporation of multiple random features kernel mean p‐power controller to elevate power quality in reconfigurable grid‐connected residential solar photovoltaic systems
Authors: Aijaz Masiha , Hussain Ikhlaq , Lone Shameem Ahmad 
Published: February 2024

SummaryProblems like intermittent photovoltaic (PV) power, disconnected PV arrays, etc. are brought on by the extensive integration of PV generation. In this article, a single‐stage PV‐integrated grid‐tethered system is controlled using a reconfigurative multiple random features kernel mean p‐power (MRFKMP) control algorithm. The algorithm circumvents the dependence of kernel parameter in the classic random Fourier features mapping and lower the computing complexity in the traditional multiple kernel learning adaptive filter. MRFKMP algorithm with a linear filter structure can reduce both the computational and storage cost. This is the novel application of MRFKMP algorithm to extract fundamental component of nonlinear load currents in PV‐integrated grid‐tied system. Furthermore, to increase the reliability of the system, a reconfigurable control is developed, which adaptive regulates DC link voltage from PV mode (PVM) during PV hours to active power filtering mode (AFM) during PV nonavailability/PV disconnection. On a created laboratory testbed, the applied control's practical feasibility for numerous scenarios is evaluated. Comparison with existing control algorithms reveals that the MRFKMP controller outperforms the LMF based PV system by 79% less peak‐to‐peak load current ripple and 60% less than the best performing SRF control algorithm. The grid current THD is 2.60%, which is 30% low than that presented by SRF technique.
Limited effects of population age on the genetic structure of spatially isolated forest herb populations in temperate Europe
Authors: Huang Siyu , Feigs Jannis Till , Holzhauer Stephanie I. J. , Kramp Katja , Brunet Jörg , Decocq Guillaume , De Frenne Pieter , Diekmann Martin , Liira Jaan , Spicher Fabien , Vangansbeke Pieter , Vanneste Thomas , Verheyen Kris , Naaf Tobias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to multiple land‐cover changes, forest herb populations residing in forest patches embedded in agricultural landscapes display different ages and, thus, experience differences in genetic exchange, mutation accumulation and genetic drift. The extent of divergence in present‐day population genetic structure among these populations of different ages remains unclear, considering their diverse breeding systems and associated pollinators. Answering this question is essential to understand these species' persistence, maintenance of evolutionary potential and adaptability to changing environments. We applied a multi‐landscape setup to compare the genetic structure of forest herb populations across forest patches of different ages (18–338 years). We studied the impact on three common slow‐colonizer herb species with distinct breeding systems and associated pollinators: Polygonatum multiflorum (outcrossing, long‐distance pollinators), Anemone nemorosa (outcrossing, short‐distance pollinators) and Oxalis acetosella (mixed breeding). We aimed to assess if in general older populations displayed higher genetic diversity and lower differentiation than younger ones. We also anticipated that P. multiflorum would show the smallest while O. acetosella the largest difference, between old and young populations. We found that older populations had a higher observed heterozygosity (Ho) but a similar level of allelic richness (Ar) and expected heterozygosity (He) as younger populations, except for A. nemorosa, which exhibited higher Ar and He in younger populations. As populations aged, their pairwise genetic differentiation measured by DPS decreased independent of species identity while the other two genetic differentiation measures showed either comparable levels between old and young populations (G"ST) or inconsistency among three species (cGD). The age difference of the two populations did not explain their genetic differentiation. Synthesis: We found restricted evidence that forest herb populations with different ages differ in their genetic structure, indicating that populations of different ages can reach a similar genetic structure within decades and thus persist in the long term after habitat disturbance. Despite their distinct breeding systems and associated pollinators, the three studied species exhibited partly similar genetic patterns, suggesting that their common characteristics, such as being slow colonizers or their ability to propagate vegetatively, are important in determining their long‐term response to land‐cover change.
Both evenness and dominant species identity have effects on litter decomposition
Authors: Fan Baijie , Gong Ziqing , Xin Xiaojing , Liu Yulin , He Luoyang , Gao Yubao , Ren Anzhi , Zhao Nianxi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExploring how interactions between species evenness and dominant species identity affect litter decomposition processes is vital to understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the context of global changes. We carried out a 127‐day litter decomposition experiment under controlled conditions, with interactions of four species evenness types (high, medium, low and single species) and three dominant species identity (Leymus chinensis, Serratula centauroides, Artemisia capillaris). After collecting the remaining litter, we estimated how evenness and dominant species identity affected litter mass loss rate, carbon (C) loss rate, nitrogen (N) loss rate and remaining litter C/N directly or indirectly, and assessed relative mixture effects (RMEs) on litter mass loss. The main results are shown as follows. (1) By generalized linear models, litter mass loss rate was significantly affected by evenness after 69‐day decomposition; N loss rate was affected by dominant species identity after 69‐day decomposition, with treatment dominated by Serratula centauroides being at least 9.26% higher than that dominated by any of other species; and remaining litter C/N was affected by the interactions between evenness and dominant species identity after 30‐, 69‐ and 127‐day decomposition. (2) Twenty‐three out of 27 RMEs were additive, and dominant species identity showed a significant effect on RMEs after 127‐day decomposition. (3) By confirmatory path analyses, litter mass loss rate was affected by dominant species identity directly after 127‐day decomposition, and by both species evenness and dominant species identity indirectly which was mediated by initial litter functional dispersion (FDis) after 30‐ and 69‐day decomposition; remaining litter C/N was affected by evenness indirectly which was mediated by initial litter FDis after 127‐day decomposition. These findings highlight the importance of evenness and dominant species identity on litter decomposition. The study provides insights into communities during retrogressive successions in semi‐arid grasslands in the context of global changes.
Impacts of vegetation dynamics on hydrological simulations under drought conditions in a humid river basin in Southern China
Authors: Liu Cancan , Chen Yongqin David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVegetation plays an essential role in the atmospheric and hydrological processes, and vegetation responds differently to climate change in various regions, especially in extreme climates. Therefore, the use of static prescribed vegetation information from past years in numerical models can be a source of biases in hydrological simulations. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of vegetation dynamics on hydrological processes in arid and semi‐arid regions. It remains unclear how static or dynamic vegetation affects hydrological simulations in humid regions, especially under drought conditions. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with Noah‐MP was used to assess the impact of vegetation dynamics on hydrological simulations in the East River basin (ERb) of China, which is a major water source for several major cities in the Pearl River Delta. The model was run with prescribed and dynamic vegetation conditions, respectively. Our model validation based on observed 2‐m temperature (T2) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) showed that the model performance was improved when vegetation dynamics were considered. Our simulations with static or dynamic vegetation showed the impacts of vegetation dynamics on hydrological simulations under droughts. The model with vegetation dynamics simulated a wetter condition with higher soil moisture and runoff and lower T2, compared with the simulations of static vegetation. The results suggested that ignoring vegetation dynamics may overestimate the severity of drought in this humid basin, unlike arid and semi‐arid regions. Therefore, consideration of vegetation dynamics in this humid basin will deepen our research on different types of zones and serve as a reference for other humid regions.