bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of veterinarians and a deep learning tool in the diagnosis of equine ophthalmic diseases
Authors: Scharre Annabel , Scholler Dominik , Gesell‐May Stefan , Müller Tobias , Zablotski Yury , Ertel Wolfgang , May Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe aim was to compare ophthalmic diagnoses made by veterinarians to a deep learning (artificial intelligence) software tool which was developed to aid in the diagnosis of equine ophthalmic diseases. As equine ophthalmology is a very specialised field in equine medicine, the tool may be able to help in diagnosing equine ophthalmic emergencies such as uveitis.Study designIn silico tool development and assessment of diagnostic performance.MethodsA deep learning tool which was developed and trained for classification of equine ophthalmic diseases was tested with 40 photographs displaying various equine ophthalmic diseases. The same data set was shown to different groups of veterinarians (equine, small animal, mixed practice, other) using an opinion poll to compare the results and evaluate the performance of the programme. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) were trained on 2346 photographs of equine eyes, which were augmented to 9384 images. Two hundred and sixty‐one separate unmodified images were used to evaluate the trained network. The trained deep learning tool was used on 40 photographs of equine eyes (10 healthy, 12 uveitis, 18 other diseases). An opinion poll was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 148 veterinarians in comparison to the software tool.ResultsThe probability for the correct answer was 93% for the AI programme. Equine veterinarians answered correctly in 76%, whereas other veterinarians reached 67% probability for the correct diagnosis.Main limitationsDiagnosis was solely based on images of equine eyes without the possibility to evaluate the inner eye.ConclusionsThe deep learning tool proved to be at least equivalent to veterinarians in assessing ophthalmic diseases in photographs. We therefore conclude that the software tool may be useful in detecting potential emergency cases. In this context, blindness in horses may be prevented as the horse can receive accurate treatment or can be sent to an equine hospital. Furthermore, the tool gives less experienced veterinarians the opportunity to differentiate between uveitis and other ocular anterior segment disease and to support them in their decision‐making regarding treatment.
Functional traits drive tadpole responses to land use in coastal areas
Authors: Boelter Thaíse , Moreira Leonardo Felipe Bairos , Stenert Cristina , Maltchik Leonardo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Land use changes are considered a significant cause of amphibian declines worldwide. However, little is known regarding which land uses have more pervasive impacts and which help to supplement the biodiversity conserved in protected areas. In addition, amphibian species respond to a broad array of geographical constraints, which may blur responses to disturbance, depending on the species' natural history.

Here, we explored whether functional diversity patterns of amphibian assemblages are linked to human land use while considering spatial autocorrelation and phylogenetic relatedness among species. We surveyed tadpoles along 500 km in coastal wetlands in southern Brazil and quantified four traits related to tadpole habitat use and predator avoidance.

Spatial components influenced functional richness to a greater extent than land use. Functional evenness was higher in ponds surrounded by more exotic reforestation, and to a lesser extent an effect of crop area. Functional divergence was also associated with reforestation areas.

Our results showed that some land uses (reforestation with exotic species and temporary crops) have more pervasive impacts on tadpole communities. Such changes in amphibian communities occurred even at low levels of landscape change. Our findings highlight that conversion to human land use requires complementary approaches (i.e., tadpole and adult responses) to provide early warning signals about habitat modification effects.
Operationalizing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to build and support the lived experience workforce in direct health service provision
Authors: Carrandi Alayna , Hu Yanan , McGill Katherine , Wayland Sarah , Karger Shae , Maple Myfanwy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe involvement of people with lived experience (LEX) workers in the development, design, and delivery of integrated health services seeks to improve service user engagement and health outcomes and reduce healthcare gaps. Yet, LEX workers report feeling undervalued and having limited influence on service delivery. There is a need for systematic improvements in how LEX workforces are engaged and supported to ensure the LEX workforce can fully contribute to integrated systems of care.ObjectiveThis study aimed to operationalize the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) using a rigorous scoping review methodology and co‐creation process, so it could be used by health services seeking to build and strengthen their LEX workforce.Search StrategyA systematic literature search of four databases was undertaken to identify peer‐reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2022 providing evidence of the inclusion of LEX workers in direct health service provision.Data Extraction and SynthesisA descriptive‐analytical method was used to map current evidence of LEX workers onto the CFIR. Then, co‐creation sessions with LEX workers (n = 4) and their counterparts—nonpeer workers (n = 2)—further clarified the structural policies and strategies that allow people with LEX to actively participate in the provision and enhancement of integrated health service delivery.Main ResultsEssential components underpinning the successful integration of LEX roles included: the capacity to engage in a co‐creation process with individuals with LEX before the implementation of the role or intervention; and enhanced representation of LEX across organizational structures.Discussion and ConclusionThe adapted CFIR for LEX workers (CFIR‐LEX) that was developed as a result of this work clarifies contextual components that support the successful integration of LEX roles into the development, design, and delivery of integrated health services. Further work must be done to operationalize the framework in a local context and to better understand the ongoing application of the framework in a health setting.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with LEX were involved in the operationalization of the CFIR, including contributing their expertise to the domain adaptations that were relevant to the LEX workforce.
Risk management and private debt contracts: The role of weather derivatives
Authors: Do Viet , Nguyen Thu Ha , Vu Tram 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing energy firm data and the 1997 introduction of weather derivatives as a natural experiment, we document an average 21‐basis‐point interest reduction in bank loans after borrowers hedge with weather derivatives. This saving increases among borrowers with higher risk or less complex financial reports, and during more uncertain market conditions or when investors pay more attention to climate risks. Our results are robust to endogeneity‐corrected methods. Hedging firms are more willing to pledge collateral, accept stricter covenants and exhibit lower risks and a lower likelihood of covenant violations within 1 year following loan origination. We also find hedging firms have lower bond yields and a lower bank debt ratio, indicating that the benefits from hedging with weather derivatives extend to the public debt market. Overall, our findings demonstrate important financial implications of hedging using weather derivatives.
A novel long non‐coding RNALINC00524 facilitates invasion and metastasis through interaction with TDP43 in breast cancer
Authors: Sun Xianglin , Li Wenfeng , Li Gang , Yang Huan , Jiang Zhenglin , Shen Lihua , Shen Yuexiang , Liu Yifei , Wang Guohua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) remains a significant health concern worldwide, with metastasis being a primary contributor to patient mortality. While advances in understanding the disease's progression continue, the underlying mechanisms, particularly the roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are not fully deciphered. In this study, we examined the influence of the lncRNA LINC00524 on BC invasion and metastasis. Through meticulous analyses of TCGA and GEO data sets, we observed a conspicuous elevation of LINC00524 expression in BC tissues. This increased expression correlated strongly with a poorer prognosis for BC patients. A detailed Gene Ontology analysis suggested that LINC00524 likely exerts its effects through RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) mechanisms. Experimentally, LINC00524 was demonstrated to amplify BC cell migration, invasion and proliferation in vitro. Additionally, in vivo tests showed its potent role in promoting BC cell growth and metastasis. A pivotal discovery was LINC00524's interaction with TDP43, which leads to the stabilization of TDP43 protein expression, an element associated with unfavourable BC outcomes. In essence, our comprehensive study illuminates how LINC00524 accelerates BC invasion and metastasis by binding to TDP43, presenting potential avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Step count and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review
Authors: Ao Zhimin , He Hongbo , Shi Hongxia , Liu Hong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify the association between step count and multiple health outcomes in a healthy population.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses from inception to April 1, 2022. Literature screening, data extraction, and data analysis were performed in this umbrella review. The intervention factor was daily step counts measured based on devices. Multiple health outcomes included metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, all‐cause mortality, and other outcomes in the healthy population.ResultsTwenty studies with 94 outcomes were identified in this umbrella review. The increase in daily step count contributed to a range of human health outcomes. Furthermore, the special population, different age groups, countries, and cohorts should be carefully considered. Negative correlation between step counts and the following outcomes: metabolic outcomes, cardiovascular diseases, all‐cause mortality, postural balance, cognitive function, and mental health. However, there was no association between participation in the outdoor walking group and the improvement of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Analysis of the dose–response association between increasing daily step count and the risk of cardiovascular disease events and all‐cause mortality showed a substantially linear relationship.ConclusionA wide range of health outcomes can benefit from the right number of steps.
Analysis and mapping the research landscape on patient‐centred care in the context of chronic disease management
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRationalePatient‐centred care has emerged as a transformative approach in managing chronic diseases, aiming to actively involve patients in their healthcare decisions.Aims and ObjectivesThis study was conducted to analyse and map the research landscape on patient‐centred care in the context of chronic disease management.MethodsThis study used Scopus to retrieve the relevant articles. The analysis focused on the growth pattern, highly cited articles, randomised clinical trials, patients and providers perspectives, facilitators and barriers, frequent author keywords, emerging topics, and prolific countries and journals in the field.ResultsIn total, 926 research articles met the inclusion criteria. There was a notable increase in the number of publications over time. Cancer had the highest number of articles (n = 379, 40.9%), followed by diabetes mellitus, and mental health and psychiatric conditions. Studies on patient‐centred care in diabetic patients received the highest number of citations. The results identified 52 randomised controlled trials that covered four major themes: patient‐centred care for diabetes management, shared decision‐making in mental health and primary care, shared decision‐making in cancer care, and economic evaluation and cost‐effectiveness. The study identified 51 studies that examined the impact of tools such as computer‐based systems, decision aids, smartphone apps, and online tools to improve patient‐centred outcomes. A map of author keywords showed that renal dialysis, HIV, and atrial fibrillation were the most recent topics in the field. Researchers from the United States contributed to more than half of the retrieved publications. The top active journals included “Patient Education and Counselling” and “Health Expectations”.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the research landscape of patient‐centred care within the context of chronic diseases. The current study provided a comprehensive overview of the research landscape on patient‐centred care, which can empower patients by raising their awareness about clinical experiences and outcomes.
A digital workflow for designing and manufacturing metal frameworks and removable partial dentures: A novel dental technique
Authors: Wang Xin , Ma Dan , Zhong Sheng , Ye Qingyuan , Zhao Yimin , Ren Nan , Bai Shizhu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this technical report is to demonstrate a fully digital workflow for designing and fabricating metal frameworks and removable partial dentures. After obtaining a digital cast of the dental arch with bilateral distal extension defect, computer‐aided design software and 3D printing technology are used for the design and fabrication of the removable partial denture frameworks, denture teeth, and denture bases, instead of the traditional workflow. The assembly of the three components is facilitated through a meticulously structured framework. The technology, which prints metal frameworks, denture bases, and denture teeth through different processes with different materials, achieves full 3D printing technology for making removable partial dentures.
Effects of low protein diets on acid‐base balance, electrolyte balance, intestinal structure, and amino acid transport in piglets
Authors: Lin Qian , Tu Xiaodian , Li Xin , Gou Feiyang , Gao Hui , Lu Zeqing , Feng Jie , Ying Yongfei , Hu Caihong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReducing the dietary crude protein (CP) could effectively reduce pressure on protein ingredient supplies. However, few data have been reported about the extent to which CP can be reduced and whether limiting the use of soybean meal leads to electrolyte imbalance. In this experiment, using the low protein (LP) diet [2% lower than NRC (2012)], seventy‐two piglets (35 days old) were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates of 6 piglets each: CON group (CP = 18.5%) and LP group (CP = 16.5%), to investigate the effect of the LP diet on electrolyte balance, acid‐base balance, intestinal structure and amino acid transport in piglets. The results revealed that the LP diet decreased the average daily gain and dietary CP digestibility, and damaged the villi structure of the small intestine. Compared with the CON diet, the potassium content decreased and the chlorine content increased in the LP diet, and similar trends were shown in piglet serum. The arterial pH, pCO2, HCO3−, and base excess of piglets in the LP group were lower than those in the CON group, while pO2 was higher than those in the CON group. Interestingly, the LP diet significantly increased the lysine content in piglet serum and significantly decreased the levels of arginine, leucine, and glutamic acid. Furthermore, the LP diet significantly affected the expression of some amino acid transport vectors (B0AT1, EAAC1, and y+LAT1). In summary, these findings suggested that the LP diet leads to acid‐base imbalance, amino acid transport disorder and amino acids imbalance in piglets, and the dietary electrolyte may be a key factor in the impact of the LP diet on piglet growth performance and intestinal health.
Interactive roles of fire seasons and biological invasions in the short‐term dynamics of tropical savannas
Authors: Dezotti Gabriela , Fidelis Alessandra , Damasceno Gabriella , Siqueira Tadeu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimChanges in fire regimes and biological invasions are major threats to tropical savannas. Fire is a key driver of community composition in these ecosystems and can be used as a management tool to control some invasive alien species, while being advantageous to native ones. However, we still do not fully comprehend the interactive effects of these threats on native plant communities. Here, we conducted an experiment in southeastern Brazil to investigate how variation in the composition of native communities invaded either by Melinis minutiflora or Urochloa brizantha is affected by fire in different seasons: early‐dry season, mid‐dry season and late‐dry season in comparison to fire suppression.LocationItirapina, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (22°14′07″S 47°53′07″W).ResultsThe effects of fire seasons and invasive species were independent for species richness but interactive for species gains and losses. In general, the identity of the invasive species was a key factor driving community dynamics, with fire seasons playing a weaker role. Invaded communities changed gradually over time and the major changes happened over longer time lags. Communities invaded by M. minutiflora gained more species than those invaded by U. brizantha. Thus, communities invaded by M. minutiflora also had more variation in their species richness through time than those invaded by U. brizantha.ConclusionsAlthough biological invasions and fire seasons interacted as drivers of change in native savanna communities, the identity of the invasive species played a stronger role. Communities invaded by M. minutiflora gained more species and were more variable than those invaded by U. brizantha.
In search of the glow—Three‐dimensional reconstruction of Latia neritoides with specific focus on the mantel cavity (Mollusca; Gastropoda; Hygrophila)
Authors: Greistorfer S. , Miller I. , von Byern J. , Meyer‐Rochow V. B. , Geyer S. H. , Weninger W. J. , Steiner G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe freshwater snail Latia neritoides occurs in certain streams and lakes of New Zealand's North Island. It defends itself against predators with a unique mechanism – the release of sticky, glowing mucus. Two possible origins of this defence mucus had earlier been suggested: the foot and the pneumostome area. After examining the glandular system of the foot in a previous study, in the present study we examined the general morphology of L. neritoides, focusing on the mantle cavity. With the first complete 3D model of L. neritoides now available, it is possible to evaluate previous morphological studies and to give non‐specialists a better understanding of the soft part anatomy of this fascinating gastropod. As a by‐product of this, we also compared the capabilities of μ‐CT and HREM on a methodological level. We characterized the two most common gland types in the mantel cavity (Lmcg1/Lmcg2) on the basis of their ultrastructure. They are present in large numbers and, therefore, regarded as likely candidates for being the producers of one or more components of the defence mucus. This notion was confirmed by histochemical analyses of Lmcg1 and Lmcg2 and other gland types in L. neritoides.
Professional approach to the care of women who have suffered a perinatal loss
Authors: Rubio‐Alvarez Ana , Jiménez‐Ramos Carmen , Bravo‐Vaquero Carolina , Pulgarín‐Pulgarín Beatriz , Rodríguez‐Almagro Julián , Hernández‐Martínez Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo understand the experience, training, and needs of midwives in their approach to perinatal grief. A descriptive cross‐sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire with 26 questions related to institutional management and individual clinical practices in the care of a perinatal loss was developed by a team of midwives from the Hospital “La Mancha‐Centro” of Alcazar de San Juan (Ciudad Real). Strobe checklist was followed. A total of 267 midwives participated. A total of 92.1% (246) of the centers had specific protocols for action, but each professional applied their own criteria. The presence of a perinatal psychology team was nonexistent according to 88% (235) of those surveyed. Regarding their training and professional experience, 16.5% (44) of the midwives had never received training. Only 4.1% (11) of the midwives felt very prepared to care for women with a perinatal loss. Among the factors associated with greater application of recommended practices in the face of perinatal death by midwives were being a woman, having prior training on care during perinatal death, and a greater perception of preparation (p < 0.05). The perception of lack of preparation on the part of midwives in the accompaniment of these families was high.
Oral conditions are associated with salt taste disability among American adults
Authors: Schertel Cassiano Luisa , Leite Fábio R. M. , Alves‐Costa Silas , Costa Susilena Arouche , Nascimento Gustavo G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the association between oral conditions and their interaction with salt taste disability among American adults.MethodsData from the 2013–2014 NHANES cycle were used (n = 2373). The exposures were periodontitis, defined by the 2017 EFP‐AAP classification, dental caries, missing teeth, and edentulism, as per the DMF‐T index, and xerostomia. The outcome was salt taste disability, objectively assessed. Covariates included sex, age, educational level, poverty index, obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, and medications related to mouth dryness. Weighted multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the relationship between oral conditions and their interaction and salt taste disability.ResultsParticipants who reported xerostomia were more likely to have salt taste disability (OR 2.42; 95%CI 1.44–4.07), especially those older than 60 years (OR 3.63; 95%CI 1.72–7.63). Among participants aged 40–59, xerostomia increased the chance of salt taste disability; however, the confidence interval included the null value. The interactions between xerostomia and edentulism increased the chance of salt taste disability.ConclusionOral conditions seem to influence the ability to taste salt. Dental professionals may help identify individuals with taste alterations and raise their awareness of the risk of systemic diseases that require the reduction of salt intake.