bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fourth‐order compact scheme for the one‐dimensional sine‐Gordon equation
Authors: Cui Mingrong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFinite difference scheme to the generalized one‐dimensional sine‐Gordon equation is considered in this paper. After approximating the second order derivative in the space variable by the compact finite difference, we transform the sine‐Gordon equation into an initial‐value problem of a second‐order ordinary differential equation. Then Padé approximant is used to approximate the time derivatives. The resulting fully discrete nonlinear finite‐difference equation is solved by a predictor‐corrector scheme. Both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are considered in our proposed algorithm. Stability analysis and error estimate are given for homogeneous Dirichlet boundary value problems using energy method. Numerical results are given to verify the condition for stability and convergence and to examine the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Comparing numerical methods for Boussinesq equation model problem
Authors: Bulut Hasan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article applies three methods to solve a class of nonlinear differential equations. We obtain the exact solution and numerical solution of the Boussinesq equation for certain initial condition. Comparsion of the results with those of other methods have led us to significant consequences. The numerical solutions are compared with the known analytical solutions. The numerical results demonstrate that those methods are quite accurate and readily implemented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Development and psychometric testing of the nurses' attitudes toward obesity and obese patients (NATOOPS) scale
Authors: Watson Lorraine , Oberle Kathleen , Deutscher Danielle 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study was designed to develop and test an instrument to measure nurses' attitudes towards obesity and obese adult patients. Items were based on an earlier version of the instrument, obesity discrimination research, and clinical experience. After content validation of items, the instrument was sent to 1,400 randomly selected Registered Nurses. Factor analysis yielded a 5‐factor solution, with 36 items reaching loadings of .4 or greater. Cronbach's alpha was .81 for the reduced scale, with a range of .45 to .79 on the five factors. Construct validity was supported by significant differences between contrast groups on three factors and consistency with underlying theory. Overall the instrument demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and could be used in future research. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:586–593, 2008
Medizinische Chemie der α1‐Blocker. Bei Bluthochdruck nicht mehr erste Wahl
Authors: Ude Christian , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAdrenerge α1‐Rezeptor‐Antagonisten mit Chinazolin‐ und Arylpiperazin‐Grundstrukur wurden aufgrund ihrer vasodilatierenden Wirkungen in der Vergangenheit häufig als Antihypertensiva eingesetzt. Heute spielen sie in diesem Indikationsbereich nur mehr eine untergeordnete Bedeutung. In der glatten Muskulatur der Prostata und des Blasenhalses führt die Blockade der α1‐Rezeptoren zu einer Steigerung des Urinflusses und zu einer Abnahme des Restharnvolumens, weshalb α1‐Rezeptor‐Antagonisten neben den 5α‐Reduktasehemmern als Mittel der Wahl bei der Behandlung von Miktionsstörungen beim benignen Prostatasyndrom gelten.
High‐Throughput‐Screening für Inhibitoren der bakteriellen Transglykosylase
Authors: Steri Ramona , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred 
Published: July 2008

AbstractVor dem Hintergrund zahlreicher bestehender und sich schnell neu entwickelnder Resistenzen von Keimen gegenüber Antibiotika – klinisch besonders relevant bei multiresistenten Problemkeimen wie Staphylococcus aureus oder Streptococcus pneumoniae – kommt der Suche nach neuen Antibiotika und der Aufklärung von Wirkmechanismen höchste Priorität zu. Ein wichtiger Schritt ist nun Forschern in Taiwan gelungen, indem sie die Bindung von Moenomycin an sein Target, die bakterielle Transglykosylase, charakterisiert und aus den erhaltenen Ergebnissen eine Methode für ein High‐Throughput‐Screening für neue Antibiotika entwickelt haben.
Massenspektrometrie zur Detektion von Biomarkern
Authors: Sinz Andrea , Deininger Sören‐Oliver 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDurch eine neue Entwicklung in der Massenspektrometrie (MALDI‐Imaging) können Moleküle direkt im Gewebe sichtbar gemacht werden, wodurch sich neue Möglichkeiten für die Zelltypisierung und die Erforschung von Arzneistoffen ergeben. Die Korrelation histologischer Phänomene mit molekularen bildgebenden Verfahren führt somit zu einer neuen Qualität von Daten für die medizinische Diagnostik, die es erlaubt, molekulare Ursachen von Krankheiten zu verstehen.
Dose intensive melphalan and cyclophosphamide with autologous hematopoietic stem cells for recurrent medulloblastoma or germinoma
Authors: Kadota Richard P. , Mahoney Donald H. , Doyle John , Duerst Reggie , Friedman Henry , Holmes Emi , Kun Larry , Zhou Tianni , Pollack Ian F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine the response, toxicity, and survival for children with progressive or recurrent medulloblastoma and germinoma using a single myeloablative course of chemotherapy supported by autologous hematopoietic stem cells.Patients and MethodsSubjects were in second remission or had minimal residual disease at the time of study entry. The conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide 6,000 mg/m2 plus melphalan 180 mg/m2.ResultsTwenty‐nine evaluable pediatric patients were accrued. The most frequent major toxicities were myelosuppression, infections, and stomatitis, but no toxic deaths were recorded. Best responses were: CR = 6, CCR = 13, PR = 6, SD = 2, and PD = 2. There were 6 medulloblastoma and 3 germinoma survivors with a median follow‐up of 7.5 years (range = 2.8–10). Two germinoma survivors received radiotherapy after autografting for presumptive progressive disease.ConclusionMyeloablative chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide and melphalan was tolerable in the relapsed brain tumor setting with 19/29 cases achieving CR or CCR status and 9/29 becoming long‐term survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:675–678. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidant status in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and solid tumors: The impact of oxidative stress
Authors: Mazor Dalia , Abucoider Abed , Meyerstein Naomi , Kapelushnik Joseph 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundPediatric ALL patients are subjected to an aggressive and continuous chemotherapy protocol, while solid tumor patients have a less intensive treatment. We studied the antioxidant status of children from the two groups and hypothesized that the antioxidant status will differ in concert with their treatment.ProcedureThe antioxidant status in plasma of seven ALL children and that of six children treated for different solid tumors, in regard to the different treatment regimen, was compared with healthy controls. These samples were taken during therapy, just before the next cyclophosphamide treatment, to determine the accumulative oxidative stress.ResultsChildren from the ALL group (n = 7) had significantly lower thiol plasma levels than controls (P < 0.01) and their antioxidant capacity as measured by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) was significantly lower (P < 0.01). These parameters were normal in the solid tumors group (n = 6) but plasma antioxidant capacity as measured by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was significantly lower (P < 0.01).ConclusionsBoth groups had impaired plasma antioxidant status. The higher oxidative stress of children with ALL is associated with the protocol for treating ALL which is much more aggressive and frequent than that of the solid tumors. The lower antioxidant status in plasma with ALL children is probably associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indicated by the decrease of the antioxidant activity. This oxidative stress may lead to cell death or greater sensitivity of the tumor cell to therapy, with better outcome for pediatric patients with ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:613–615. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of childhood precursor T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma by immunophenotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Smock Kristi J. , Nelson Marilu , Tripp Sheryl R. , Sanger Warren G. , Abromowitch Minnie , Cairo Mitchell S. , Perkins Sherrie L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundT‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) accounts for 25–30% of childhood non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and is closely related to T‐lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). Recently, we demonstrated distinct differences in gene expression between childhood T‐LBL and T‐ALL, but molecular pathogenesis and relevant protein expression patterns in T‐LBL remain poorly understood.ProcedureChildren with T‐LBL with disseminated disease were registered and treated on COG protocol 5971. Paraffin‐embedded tumor tissue was obtained at diagnosis for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies. We determined the pattern and intensity of staining for c‐Myc, Skp2, Mib‐1, p53, TCL‐1, bcl‐2, and bcl‐6 proteins by IHC and c‐Myc, p53, bcl‐2, bcl‐6, and TCR α/δ molecular alterations by FISH in 22 pediatric T‐LBL cases.ResultsThe majority of T‐LBL samples expressed Mib‐1 (59%) and c‐Myc (77%) proteins in greater than 50% of the cells, but Skp2 (14%), p53 (14%), and bcl‐2 (23%) expression was less common. FISH studies demonstrated 18% gains and 10% losses in c‐Myc, 16% gains in p53, 12% gains and 6% losses in bcl‐2, and 6% gains and 19% losses in bcl‐6 with little direct correlation between the IHC and FISH studies.ConclusionsChildhood T‐LBL is a highly proliferative tumor associated with enhanced expression of c‐Myc protein, but without detectable c‐Myc molecular alterations. FISH studies did not identify consistent etiologies of molecular dysregulation, and future studies with other molecular approaches may be required to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of childhood T‐LBL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:489–494. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An acylated flavonol glycoside and hydrolysable tannins from Callistemon lanceolatus flowers and leaves
Authors: Marzouk Mohamed S. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntroduction – Callistemon lanceolatus DC. (Myrtaceae) is a plant rich in polyphenols, and is used as anticough, antibronchitis and insecticide in folk medicine. Because of the biological importance of plant polyphenols, particularly tannins, a phytochemical study was of interest to investigate the constitutive poyphenols in the extracts of flowers and leaves.Objective – To avoid time‐consuming methodology for isolation of a complex mixture of known metabolites, HPLC‐ESI/MS was employed for fast picking up of the new compounds followed by identification of the structures with UV and one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR.Methodology – Flowers and leaves were separately extracted with hot aqueous methanol under reflux (70°C). Pre‐isolation of the total extracts was achieved through column chromatographic fractionation on polyamide with water–methanol for gradient elution. The main fractions were purified using repeated column chromatography on cellulose and/or Sephadex LH‐20 with suitable eluents. HPLC‐ESI/MS analyses were carried out in the single ion monitoring (SIM) and negative ion modes. The pure compounds in methanol–water (1:1) were analysed by direct infusion ESI/MS. Final structure elucidation was obtained by one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR.Results – Two new metabolites namely quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranoside n‐butyl ester (1) and n‐butylgallate 4‐O‐(2′,6′‐di‐O‐galloyl)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (4) along with nine known ones were identified from the aqueous methanol extracts of flowers and leaves.Conclusion – The study has shown that Callistemon lanceolatus is rich in polyphenols. HPLC‐ESI/MS may be used, in negative ion mode, as an efficient and rapid analytical tool for investigating complex plant extracts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical fingerprinting of Lawsonia inermis L. using HPLC, HPTLC and densitometry
Authors: Gallo Francesca Romana , Multari Giuseppina , Giambenedetti Massimo , Federici Elena 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntroduction – Lawsonia inermis L. is a natural red colouring agent, commonly named “Henna”, which is used to dye skin and hair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of L. inermis that is commercially available as a raw plant material or preparation in order to guarantee good quality products.Objective − To develop a simple protocol for the qualification of different samples labelled as L. inermis by using the HPTLC densitometry method and to identify possible adulterations with other plants.Methodology − Samples of leaves of L. inermis were extracted with methanol. Two chromatographic methods were developed to determine the chemical fingerprinting of L. inermis. The first was based on HPTLC identification followed by densitometric measurements at 337 nm. The second was based on RP‐HPLC separation with gradient elution and photodiode array detection at 337 nm. Samples of Cassia obovata Collad., and Indigofera tinctoria L., were treated in the same way.Results – The simplicity of the sample preparation, and the possibility of analysing several samples of herbal products simultaneously in a short time, make HPTLC the method of choice. The HPTLC method was feasible for the comprehensive quality evaluation of herbal products. From the comparison of their “fingerprint”, it was possible to detect substitution of plants that are different from those declared on the label.Conclusion − The HPTLC may be used as a rapid method by which to control the quality of raw plant materials and formulations based on the title plant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the extraction, purification and quantification of jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and indole‐3‐acetic acid in plants
Authors: Zhang Feng Juan , Jin You Ju , Xu Xing You , Lu Rong Chun , Chen Hua Jun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntroduction – Jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) are important plant hormones. Plant hormones are difficult to analyse because they occur in small concentrations and other substances in the plant interfere with their detection.Objective – To develop a new, inexpensive procedure for the rapid extraction and purification of IAA, ABA and JA from various plant species.Methodology – Samples were prepared by extraction of plant tissues with methanol and ethyl acetate. Then the extracts were further purified and enriched with C18 cartridges. The final extracts were derivatised with diazomethane and then measured by GC‐MS. The results of the new methodology were compared with those of the Creelman and Mullet procedure.Results – Sequential elution of the assimilates from the C18 cartridges revealed that IAA and ABA eluted in 40% methanol, while JA subsequently eluted in 60% methanol. The new plant hormone extraction and purification procedure produced results that were comparable to those obtained with the Creelman and Mullet's procedure. This new procedure requires only 0.5 g leaf samples to quantify these compounds with high reliability and can simultaneously determine the concentrations of the three plant hormones.Conclusion – A simple, inexpensive method was developed for determining endogenous IAA, ABA and JA concentrations in plant tissue. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The implementation of temperature control to an inductive‐coil photoconductance instrument for the range of 0–230°C
Authors: Paudyal B. B. , McIntosh K. R. , Macdonald D. H. , Richards B. S. , Sinton R. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new device setup for temperature and injection‐dependent lifetime spectroscopy (TIDLS) is described. It comprises two off‐the‐shelf components: a heating and cooling stage (HCS) from INSTEC and an inductive‐coil photoconductance (PC) instrument (WCT‐100) from Sinton Consulting Inc. The HCS was fitted to the WCT‐100 in a manner that circumscribes the inductive coil (the sensor) of the RF bridge circuit and controls the temperature of the wafer effectively. This setup has the advantage of requiring minor modifications to industry standard instruments while attaining a large temperature range. As experimental verification, injection‐dependent lifetimes were measured over a temperature range, 0–230°C, in three iron‐implanted silicon wafers. The measured lifetimes are consistent with the Shockley–Read–Hall equation using the impurity concentration calculated from the implant dose and the energy level and capture cross‐sections of interstitial iron from the literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communication disorders in the school: Perspectives on academic and social success an introduction
Authors: Thatcher Karen L. , Fletcher Kathryn , Decker Blair 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe critical role of communication in schools cannot be understated. Communication skills are a necessity both in the academic and social atmosphere of the school environment. Unfortunately, there are a large number of children in the schools today identified with speech and language disorders. This special edition of Psychology in the Schools examined issues that impact the academic and social functioning of such children. Several articles are focused on potential early intervention strategies or services surrounding literacy and social skills that may enhance the success of children with communication disorders and/or at risk for communication disorders (e.g., Chapman, Denning, & Jamison, 2008; Thatcher & Fletcher, 2008; van Kleeck, 2008). Two other articles tackle promising strategies that may be used in academic settings with children who stutter (Logan, Mullins, & Jones, 2008) or with children with cognitive impairments (Gillette & DePompei, 2008). Despite promising avenues of intervention and practice, there are also barriers to providing instruction to children with communication disorders in a regular classroom (Pufpaff, 2008). Each article provides insight into the importance of communication skills for academic and social success in the schools. The key to the success of children with or at risk for communication is for all school personnel to be aware of and proactive with children with communication disorders. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Professionals' perceptions of the role of literacy in early intervention services
Authors: Thatcher Karen , Fletcher Kathryn 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to examine therapists' perceptions about literacy in early intervention services. Little effort has been devoted to the incorporation of literacy into therapy services for very young children with special needs. In an attempt to understand how therapy providers view the role of literacy in their services, 168 providers were surveyed. Responses were compared and in general, speech therapists and developmental therapists reported similar rates of use of books and rhymes and similar attitudes about the role of literacy in services. In contrast, occupational and physical therapists were often similar in their responses, yet, in most analyses, their responses were significantly different than the speech and developmental therapists'. This trend mirrors the existing literature that more attention has been devoted to encouraging the incorporation of literacy into speech services than other therapy services. Implications for these different practices and attitudes across disciplines are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do PDAs enhance the organization and memory skills of students with cognitive disabilities?
Authors: Gillette Yvonne , Depompei Roberta 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe project studied the on‐time behavior of 35 students with intellectual disabilities (ID) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) under three conditions – times and tasks list, paper planner, and two different personal data assistants (PDAs). Students participated for two 4‐week periods, receiving one morning reminder during Period 1 and no reminders during Period 2. Students were on time more often using a PDA compared to a list (p < .024) or a planner (p < .002). Students were on time 50% more often in Period 1 with a single daily morning reminder as compared to no reminder across all conditions. When applying results, clinicians and researchers should note that only the alarm function prompting on‐time behavior was studied, and the influence of the small sample size and short time frame. Future researchers will find a framework for studying PDAs and cell phones with larger samples, over longer time periods, and with a wider range of functions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ein Quanten‐Abakus aus Licht und Atomen. Manipulation von neutralen Atomen
Authors: Rauschenbeutel Arno 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn mit Laserlicht erzeugten periodischen Mikropotentialen lassen sich einzelne neutrale Atome fangen. Durch Navigation der Laserstrahlen lassen sie sich zu gleichmäßigen Ketten anordnen. Solche Neutralatom‐Register eignen sich sehr gut zur Speicherung und Manipulation von Quanteninformation. Insbesondere lassen sich durch eine Kombination von Mikrowellen und Magnetfeldern die Atome des Registers selektiv mit Quanteninformation beschreiben. Darüber hinaus konnten durch Präzisionsmanipulation zwei Atome in demselben Mikropotential zusammengeführt werden. So konnte erstmals deterministisch eine Wechselwirkung zwischen individuellen Neutralatomen induziert werden.
Eingesperrtes Licht. Photonische Kristallfasern
Authors: Russell Philip 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPhotonische Kristallfasern sind Glasfasern, deren Mantel in Längsrichtung von Kanälen mit mikroskopischem Querschnitt durchzogen ist. Über den Faserquerschnitt betrachtet bilden diese ein periodisches Lochmuster. Sie wirken auf das transportierte Licht wie ein zweidimensionaler photonischer Kristall. Im Kern sind die Fasern entweder hohl oder mit Glas gefüllt. Solche Fasern können zum Beispiel Laserlicht selektiv in der Grundschwingungsmode transportieren. Mit ihnen lassen sich auch extrem lange Fokustiefen erzielen. Das Licht leiten sie so gut, dass sie bei den internen Reflexionen zu den weltbesten Spiegeln gehören. Gasgefüllte Kanäle machen sie zu empfindlichen Gassensoren und hocheffizienten Frequenzvervielfachern. Letztere lassen sich einfach in optische Bauelemente der Telekommunikation integrieren. Hohlkernfasern können sogar als lasergetriebene Teilchenbeschleuniger funktionieren. Nicht zuletzt stellen die Fasern ein wichtiges Bauteil im nobelpreisgekrönten optischen Frequenzkamm dar. Sie eröffnen noch viele weitere Anwendungsfelder.
Hüpfende Nanotropfen. Nanostrukturen unter intensiven Laserpulsen
Authors: Boneberg Johannes 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWenn Tropfen auf eine Oberfläche treffen, können sie komplett von ihr abprallen, falls sie diese nicht benetzen. Sie verhalten sich dann wie Gummibälle. Allerdings kann man einen Ball auch springen lassen, indem man ihn auf den Boden drückt, deformiert und dann plötzlich loslässt. Mit makroskopischen Tropfen, zum Beispiel aus Wasser, ist das nicht möglich. Überraschenderweise funktioniert es aber mit Nanotröpfchen aus geschmolzenem Metall, wie Gold. Als Ausgangszustand benötigt man dafür flache Nanostrukturen auf einer Oberfläche, die das flüssige Metall nicht benetzt. Schmilzt man sie mit einem starken Laserpuls, dann ziehen sie sich schnell zu Tröpfchen zusammen. Dabei wandelt sich die Oberflächenenergie in kinetische Energie um und lässt die Tröpfchen wie Bälle von der Oberfläche weghüpfen.