bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the antiplatelet effects of prasugrel and high-dose clopidogrel as assessed by VASP-phosphorylation and light transmission aggregometry
Authors: Payne Christopher D , Li Ying G , Farid Nagy A , Brandt John T , Small David S , Salazar Daniel E , Winters Kenneth J , Jakubowski Joseph A 
Published: December 2007

SummaryPlatelet inhibition as measured by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and light transmission aggregometry (LTA) have shown concordance following dosing of clopidogrel. No reports have directly compared theVASP assay and LTA at the levels of P2Y12 blockade after loading doses (LDs) of prasugrel or high dose clopidogrel (600 and 900 mg).The aim was to compare theVASP assay and LTA during the loading dose phase of a comparative study of prasugrel and clopidogrel. Prasugrel 60 mg LD/10 mg maintenance dose (MD) and clopidogrel 300 mg/75 mg and 600 mg/75 mg LD/MD regimens were compared in a 3-way crossover study in 41 healthy, aspirin-free subjects. Each LD was followed by seven daily MDs and a 14-day washout period. P2Y12 receptor blockade was estimated using theVASP assay, expressed as platelet reactivity index (VASP-PRI). Platelet aggregation was assessed by light transmission aggregometry (20 and 5 μM ADP).Twenty-four hoursafter prasgurel 60 mg or clopidogrel 300 mg and 600 mg, respectively, VASP-PRI decreased from ∼80% to 8.9%, 54.7%, and 39.0 %, and maximal platelet aggregation (MPA) decreased from ∼79% to 10.8%, 42.7%, and 31.2%, with an overall VASP:MPA correlation of 0.88 (p<0.01). VASP assay responses after the clopidogrel LDs showed a wider range of values (300 mg: 0–93%; 600 mg: 0–80%) than prasugrel (0–13%); MPA responses followed a similar trend. Pearson’s correlation suggested a strong agreement between VASP and LTA (20 μM ADP) for MPA (r=0.86, p<0.0001).VASP and LTA demonstrated concordance across the response range of P2Y12 receptor blockade following thienopyridine LDs.
Clopidogrel in addition to aspirin reduces in-hospital major cardiac and cerebrovascular events in unselected patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial
Authors: Gitt Anselm K , Jünger Claus , Bauer Timm , Koeth Oliver , Heer Tobias , Mark Bernd , Zahn Ralf , Gottwik Martin , Senges Jochen , Zeymer Uwe 
Published: December 2007

SummaryWe sought to assess the effect of clopidogrel on in-hospital events in unselected patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients enrolled in the Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACOS) registry with acute STEMI we compared outcomes of either adjunctive therapy with aspirin alone or aspirin plus clopidogrel within 24 hours after admission. A total of 7,559 patients were included in this analysis, of whom 3,541 were treated with aspirin alone, and 4,018 with dual antiplatelet therapy. The multivariable analysis with adjustment for baseline characteristics and treatments showed that the rate of in-hospital MACCE (death, non-fatal reinfarction, non-fatal stroke) was significantly lower in the aspirin plus clopidogrel group, compared to the aspirin alone group in the entire cohort and all three reperfusion strategy groups (entire group odds ratio 0.60, 95% CI 0.49–0.72, no reperfusion OR 0.69,95% CI 0.51–0.94,fibrinolysis OR 0.62,95% CI 0.44–0.88, primary PCI OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.74).There was a significant increase in major bleeding complications with clopidogrel (7.1% vs. 3.4%, p<0.001). In clinical practice early adjunctive therapy with clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with STEMI is associated with a significant reduction of in-hospital MACCE regardless of the initial reperfusion strategy. This advantage was associated with an increase in major bleeding complications.
Functional impact of high clopidogrel maintenance dosing in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Bernardo Esther , Palazuelos Jorge , Desai Bhaloo , Weisberg Ian , Alfonso Fernando , Guzman Luis A , Hernández-Antolin Rosana , Zenni Martin Z , Macaya Carlos , Fernandez-Ortiz Antonio , Bass Theodore A , Angiolillo Dominick J 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe currently recommended maintenance dose of clopidogrel is often associated with inadequate platelet inhibition, suggesting the need for a higher dose. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the functional impact of a high (150 mg/day) maintenance dose of clopidogrel in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).This is a prospective, randomized, platelet function study which was performed in elective PCI patients assigned to treatment with either a 75 mg (n=20) or 150 mg (n=20) daily maintenance dose of clopidogrel for 30 days;afterwards, all patients resumed standard dosing. Platelet aggregation was performed using light transmittance aggregometry following 20 μM and 5 μM adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stimuli 30 days after randomization and 30 days after resuming standard dosing. Patients treated with 150 mg/day clopidogrel had lower 20 μMADP-induced platelet aggregation compared to patients on 75 mg/day (52.1±9% vs. 64.0±8%; p<0.001; primary endpoint).The dose-dependent effect was confirmed by the absolute and relative increase in platelet aggregation after resuming standard dosing (p<0.001). No changes were observed in patients randomized to standard dosing. Parallel findings were observed following 5 μM ADP stimuli for all assessments. A broad variability in clopidogrel-induced antiplatelet effects was observed irrespective of dosing. In conclusion, a 150 mg/day maintenance dose regimen of clopidogrel is associated with reduced platelet reactivity and enhanced platelet inhibition compared to that achieved with the currently recommended 75 mg/day in patients undergoing elective PCI.
Magnitude and time course of platelet inhibition with extended release dipyridamole with or without aspirin in healthy Japanese volunteers
Authors: Malinin Alex I , Hanley Dan F , Serebruany Victor L 
Published: December 2007

SummaryRandomized trials showed greater stroke prevention with extended release dipyridamole in combination with low dose aspirin than with either aspirin or dipyridamole alone. However, most studies with this formulation (AggrenoxⓇ) were carried out in Europe and North America. Considering potential inter-racial differences in drug response, we conducted a small randomized study in healthy Japanese volunteers to compare antiplatelet regimens with regard to the changes in the platelet biomarkers. Thirty healthy volunteers (18–40 years old, 15 male and 15 female) of Japanese descent were randomized to Aggrenox (n=17) or aspirin 81 mg (n=13 volunteers) for 30 days. Platelet function was assessed at baseline, and on days 15, and 30 by conventional aggregometry, whole blood flow cytometry, and cartridge-based analyzer. Both Aggrenox and aspirin provided sustained platelet inhibition at Day 15 and Day 30.Therapy withAggrenox, however, was associated with more prominent and significant inhibition of collagen-induced aggregation (p=0.08, Day 15), as well as prolongation of the closure time (p=0.001, Day 30); diminished expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) (p=0.02, Day 30), glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) antigen (p=0.001 and 0.024 for Day 15 and Day 30), and GPIIb/IIIa activity by PAC-1 antibody (p = 0.014 and 0.03), CD62 (P-selectin) (p = 0.03 for Day 15 and Day 30), as well as inhibition of protease activated receptors (PAR-1) associated with intact WEDE-15 (p = 0.002 and 0.003) and SPAN-12 (p = 0.002 and 0.04) thrombin receptors when compared with aspirin. The magnitude and durability of platelet response after Aggrenox in healthy Japanese is similar to those effects observed in Caucasians and African- Americans. A larger study to assess drug efficacy and safety in the Japanese post-stroke patients is warranted.
No effect of C-reactive protein on early atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- / human C-reactive protein transgenic mice
Authors: Cheng Fei , Wiese Elena , Küpper Ines , Crain Jeanine , Lackner Karl J , Bhakdi Sucharit , Torzewski Michael , Reifenberg Kurt 
Published: December 2007

summaryThe association between increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and future cardiovascular events is well established. However, it is currently unclear whether this clinical observation represents an epiphenomenon or whether the pentraxin may actively promote the development of atherosclerosis. Experimental studies with knockout mice with a defect in apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/-) have been used to investigate the role of CRP in atherogenesis, but the results obtained have been contradictory so far. Since knockout mice with a defect in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR-/-) may represent a better model of atherogenesis compared to ApoE-/- animals, we undertook experiments to investigate the atherogenic potential of CRP using LDLR-/- knockout mice. We crossbred CRP transgenic animals expressing the human CRP pentraxin (huCRP) to LDLR-/- mice, fed the resulting double mutants a pro-atherogenic Western type diet (WTD) for four, eight or 12 weeks, respectively, and quantitated atherosclerotic lesion development. Significant differences of lesion size or lesion composition could not be detected between the huCRP-positive LDLR-/- mice and the huCRP–negative LDLR-/- controls corroborating the contention that CRP does not play a pathogenetic role in early murine atherogenesis.
Reciprocal Teaching of Social Studies in Inclusive Elementary Classrooms
Authors: Lederer Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2007

Reading comprehension relies on the use of metacognitive strategies. Reciprocal teaching has been found to be an effective comprehension technique to use with students with learning disabilities. This study examined the effectiveness of reciprocal teaching during social studies instruction with several students with learning disabilities in fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade inclusive classrooms. One hundred and twenty-eight students in Grades 4, 5, and 6 participated. Four comprehension assessments were administered, as well as an external measure and 30-day maintenance assessment. A mixed-design MANOVA was used to determine interaction on three reading comprehension measures. Results indicated that all students improved their performance on comprehension measures compared with students in the control groups. Improvement continued to be displayed after 30 days in both the sixth and the fourth grades. Students with learning disabilities significantly improved their ability to compose summaries compared to the control students.
The Differential Effects of Two Systematic Reading Comprehension Approaches with Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Rabren Karen , Darch Craig , Eaves Ronald C. 
Published: December 2007

This study compared two highly dissimilar approaches for teaching students to determine character motive when reading three types of narrative text. The three text types used were textually explicit, textually implicit, and scriptually implicit. The two approaches were an explicit rule-based instruction approach and a basal-reader activity-based approach. Forty students with learning disabilities were randomly assigned to either the explicit rule-based or the basal-reader activity-based instructional group. Daily instructional sessions lasted 45 minutes and were conducted for 2 weeks. The groups were evaluated on four comprehension measures: (a) daily retells of stories, (b) unit tests, (c) a transfer measure, and (d) a maintenance measure. The results suggest that rule-based instruction is superior to an activity-based approach when teaching students with learning disabilities to determine character motives irrespective of text type on short-term measures. However, there were no significant differences between the two instructional groups on the maintenance and transfer tests.
ADHD: A Psychological Response to an Evolving Concept
Authors: Reason Rea 
Published: December 2007

The British Psychological Society is the only national organization of psychologists within the United Kingdom representing all aspects of psychology and all subspecialisms within psychology. It is both a learned scientific society and a professional association. To address the concept of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the Professional Affairs Board of the Society convened a Working Party, consisting of individuals nominated by subsystems of the Society because of their recognized professional and academic expertise. They covered a range of specialisms, including educational, clinical, criminological, neurological, and cognitive psychology. A report by the Working Party was published in September 1996. It had two main aims: first, to outline the research that was relevant to current understanding of the notion of ADHD from an historical, psychological, and biological perspective, and, second, to consider implications for practice in the light of the information obtained. The focus was predominantly on children, although it was recognized that problems could persist into adulthood. The intention was to write a report for professionals that also would be accessible to a wider audience. This article is a highly abridged version of the report. It omits the references to research reviews and research studies contained in the full account. Selected extracts are included in order to justify the conclusions and the recommendations that are made and to inform a North American audience of developments in the United Kingdom.
Prophylactic Training in Asymptomatic Soccer Players with Ultrasonographic Abnormalities in Achilles and Patellar Tendons
Authors: Fredberg Ulrich , Bolvig Lars , Andersen Niels T. 
Published: December 2007

Background A recent study published in The American Journal of Sports Medicine showed that asymptomatic soccer players with an increased risk of developing Achilles and patellar tendon injuries within the next 12 months can be identified with use of ultrasonography. Hypothesis Prophylactic eccentric training and stretching can reduce both the frequency of asymptomatic ultrasonographic changes in Achilles and patellar tendons in soccer players and the risk of these asymptomatic intratendinous changes becoming symptomatic. Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Two hundred and nine Danish professional soccer players from the best national league (Super League) were followed over 12 months with use of ultrasonography and injury registration. Half the teams were randomized to an intervention group with prophylactic eccentric training and stretching of the Achilles and patellar tendons during the soccer season. Results The eccentric training and stretching did not reduce the injury risk, and, contrary to all expectations, the injury risk during the season was increased in players with abnormal patellar tendons at the beginning of the study in January. Eccentric training and stretching in players with normal patellar tendons significantly reduced the proportion of players with ultrasonographic changes in the patellar tendons at the end of the season (risk difference [RD] = 12%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2%–22%; P = .02), but the training had no effect on the Achilles tendons (RD = 1%; 95% CI, −7% to 9%; P = .75). The presence of preseason ultrasonographic abnormalities in the tendons significantly increased the risk of developing tendon symptoms during the season (relative risk = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–3.1; P = .009). Conclusions This study demonstrates that with the use of ultrasonography, tendon changes in soccer players can be diagnosed before they become symptomatic. The prophylactic eccentric training and stretching program reduces the risk of developing ultrasonographic abnormalities in the patellar tendons but has no positive effects on the risk of injury. On the contrary, in asymptomatic players with ultrasonographically abnormal patellar tendons, prophylactic eccentric training and stretching increased the injury risk.
The Good Student Game
Authors: Babyak Allison E. , Luze Gayle J. , Kamps Debra M. 
Published: December 2007

. Her research interests include effective in_structional practices for diverse classroom. professional oollaborr tion. and positive behavioral support. G2yIe J. Lnzm PhD, is a postdoctoral felloa aith the Juniper Gardens Childr~en's Project at the - Her current research interem are incennennon development- early childhood assessment, and emergent liœracy, Debra AL Kamps, PhD. is a senior scientist with the Juniper Gardens Children's Project. . Her research interests include positive behavor wppom effective instruction. peer tutoring, and emotionaVbeh2vior-al disorders/autism. Address: -Mlison E. Baby2k. The Good Student Game is an effective classroom management tool appropriate for meeting the diverse needs of today's classroom teachers. Based on empirically validated procedures, such as the Good Behavior Game and self-monitoring strategies, the Good Student Game is an easy-to-implement intervention designed to help elementary students stay on task. This article provides a description of the game, recommendations for playing the game, and results from three classrooms demonstrating the effectiveness of the game. Suggestions stress the importance of teaching students to identify and evaluate good student behaviors, as well as the need for teachers to provide students with supportive feedback.
Dr. Angelita Felix
Authors: Brownell Mary T. , Walther-Thomas Chriss 
Published: December 2007

Dr Angelita Felix is a member of the Arikara tribe from the Fort Berthold Reservation of North Dakota. As a child, she attended a Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) elementary school called the Wahpeton Indian School (now known as Circle of Nations School) and an all-girl Catholic boarding school for 3 years. She graduated from White Shield High School on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. She earned a bachelor's degree from Minot State University in North Dakota in English and Business Education, a mas ter's degree in curriculum and instruction from the University of South Dakota, and a doctorate in educational adminis tration from Penn State University. Dr Felix has more than 25 years of professional experience in Indian education. She taught language arts and worked as a curriculum writer and a curriculum director She also served as a dean of student services at Sitting Bull Tribal College and then as a dean of instruction at Haskell Indian Nations University. She has worked as a BIA education line officer (similar to a public school superintendent) at agencies in Arizona and North Dakota. During the past 2 years she has been the Supervisory Education Specialist over Exceptional Education for the BIA, Office of Indian Education Programs.
Characterisation of mycobacteria isolated from slaughter cattle in pastoral regions of Uganda
Authors: Oloya J , Kazwala R , Lund A , Opuda-Asibo J , Demelash B , Skjerve E , Johansen TB , Djønne B 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic problem in pastoral cattle and communities in Uganda. Tuberculin tests in pastoral cattle had shown a high herd but low animal prevalence, with a high proportion of avian reactors. No work had been done to identify the mycobacterial species involved. The objective of the study was to isolate and characterise Mycobacterial species causing tuberculous lesions in slaughtered animals. Lesioned organs compatible with bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle from pastoral areas in Uganda were collected and cultured to isolate mycobacteria. AccuProbe culture identification kits for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium complex and M. avium were used to identify the isolates. Spoligotyping and Insertion Sequence (IS) 1311 and IS1245 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis (RFLP) were used to further characterise the isolates.

Results
Of the 61 lesioned organs and tissues cultured, 19 isolates were identified as M. bovis, 3 as M. avium subsp.hominissuis, 1 as M. intracellulare, 1 as a mixed culture of M. bovis and M. avium sp. and 1 as M. avium sp. and unidentified mycobacteria. Eleven other mycobacteria outside the tuberculosis and avium complex groups were also isolated. Ten new spoligopatterns grouped into three clusters were identified from M. bovis isolates. Two of the three M. avium subsp.hominissuis isolates showed similar patterns on the IS1311 RFLP but all were different on the IS1245 RFLP.

Conclusion
The isolation of M. bovis confirms the ongoing infection with spoligotypes unique to Uganda. Isolation of environmental mycobacteria could explain the high avian or non specific tuberculin reactor patterns commonly observed in pastoral cattle and suggests their pathogenic or opportunistic role in the infection of cattle with disseminated bovine tuberculous lesions.
Direct selection and phage display of a Gram-positive secretome
Authors: Jankovic Dragana , Collett Michael A , Lubbers Mark W , Rakonjac Jasna 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSurface, secreted and transmembrane protein-encoding open reading frames, collectively the secretome, can be identified in bacterial genome sequences using bioinformatics. However, functional analysis of translated secretomes is possible only if many secretome proteins are expressed and purified individually. We have now developed and applied a phage display system for direct selection, identification, expression and purification of bacterial secretome proteins.
Loss of function in virus-specific lung effector T cells is independent of infection
Authors: Arimilli Subhashini , Palmer Ellen M , Alexander-Miller Martha A 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRecently, several studies, including those with respiratory syncytial virus, mouse pneumovirus, and simian virus 5, have reported that virus-specific CD8+ effector cells entering the lung as a result of respiratory infection undergo significant loss of function. The impaired function in these cells has been proposed to be the result of infection-induced changes in the lung. Although virus-specific effects may contribute to regulation of T cells in the lung, the findings from this study provide evidence that the basal lung environment is sufficient to promote loss of function in effector cells. Loss of function occurs within 48 h of entry into the lung and is most evident in cells residing in the lung parenchyma. These findings suggest an additional paradigm for the immunoregulation of effector cells that enter the lung as a result of virus infection.
Ligand-Independent Activation of Androgen Receptors by Rho GTPase Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lyons Leah S. , Rao Shuyun , Balkan Wayne , Faysal Joanne , Maiorino Carol A. , Burnstein Kerry L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Prostate cancer invariably recurs after androgen deprivation therapy. Growth of this recurrent/androgen-independent form of prostate cancer may be due to increased androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity in the absence of androgen. This ligand-independent AR activation is promoted by some growth factors but the mechanism is not well understood. Vav3, a Rho guanosine triphosphatase guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which is activated by growth factors, is up-regulated in human prostate cancer. We show here that Vav3 levels increase during in vivo progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence. Vav3 strikingly enhanced growth factor activation of AR in the absence of androgen. Because Vav3 may be chronically activated in prostate cancer by growth factor receptors, we examined the effects of a constitutively active (Ca) form of Vav3 on AR transcriptional activity. Ca Vav3 caused nuclear localization and ligand-independent activation of AR via the Rho guanosine triphosphatase, Rac1. Ca Rac1 activation of AR occurred, in part, through MAPK/ERK signaling. Expression of active Rac1 conferred androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells in culture, soft agar, and mice. These findings suggest that Vav3/Rac 1 signaling is an important modulator of ligand-independent AR transcriptional activity in prostate cancer progression.