bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrinological approach for examining the mechanisms of action of Toki‐Shakuyaku‐San (TJ‐23) on the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain
Authors: Toriizuka Kazuo , Hagino Nobuyoshi , Terasawa Katsutoshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAdministration of the Kampo medicine, TJ‐23, to ovariectomized rats resulted in decreased tyrosis hydroxylase (TH) activity in the dorsal hippocampus but an increased activity in the ventral tegmental area. A decrease of TH activity in the hypothalamus was not statistically significant. The effect of TJ‐23 was compared to oestrogen in a similar group of rats and it was concluded that the standard drug and TJ‐23 induced similar effects.
Antiulcer activity of the stem bark extract of Entandrophragma angolense
Authors: Njar V. C. O. , Adesanwo J. K. , Makinde J. M. , Taiwo O. B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of a methanol extract of the stem bark of Entandrophragma angolense was investigated on indomethacin‐induced gastric ulcer in rats. The effect of the extract was dose‐dependent, doses ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 g/kg produced significant effect (p<0.05). At the highest dose used (1.6 g/kg) complete inhibition of ulceration occurred. The probable mechanism of action of E. angolense is discussed.
Spasmogenic effect of Datura metel root extract on rat uterus and rectum smooth muscles
Authors: Prabhakar E. , Kumar N. V. Nanda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of Dautura metel leaf and root extracts, scopolamine and acetylcholine was studied on isolated smooth muscle preparations. Datura metel leaf extract and scopolamine showed antispasmodic effects, whereas Datura metel root extract and acetylcholine caused contracture in isolated rat uterus and rectum whole muscle. This suggests the presence of a spasmogenic factor in Datura metel root extract.
Pharmacological studies on hypotensive and spasmolytic activities of pure compounds from Moringa oleifera
Authors: Gilani Anwar H. , Aftab Khalid , Suria Amin , Siddiqui Salimuzzaman , Salem Rubeena , Siddiqui Bina S. , Faizi Shaheen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBioassay directed fractionation of an ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves resulted in the isolation of four pure compounds, niazinin A (1), niazinin B (2), niazimicin (3) and niaziminin A + B (4 + 5). Intravenous administration of either one of the compounds (1–10 mg/kg) produced hypotensive and bradycardiac effects in anaesthetized rats. Pretreatment of the animals with atropine (1 mg/kg) completely abolished the hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of acetylcholine (ACh), whereas cardiovascular responses to the test compounds remained unaltered, ruling out the possible involvement of muscarinic receptor activation. In isolated guinea‐pig atria all the compounds (50–150 μg/mL) produced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. Each compound inhibited K+ ‐induced contractions in rabbit aorta as well as ileal contractions induced by ACh or histamine at similar concentrations. Spontaneous contractions of rat uterus were also inhibited equally by all compounds. These data indicate that the direct depressant action of these compounds exhibited on all the isolated preparations tested is probably responsible for its hypotensive and bradycardiac effects observed in vivo. Moreover, spasmolytic activity exhibited by the constituents of the plant provides a scientific basis for the traditional uses of the plant in gastrointestinal motility disorders.
Oligo‐ and macrocyclic diterpenes in thymelaeaceae and Euphorbiaceae occurring and utilized in Yunnan (Southwest China). 6. Tigliane type diterpene esters from latex of Euphorbia prolifera
Authors: Dagang Wu , Sorg B. , Hecker E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFive tigliane type diterpene esters were isolated from the latex of Euphorbia prolifera Buch‐Hom by means of Craig distribution followed by thin layer chromatography. Structural elucidations were done by spectroscopic methods (MS, NMR) and revealed the following Euphorbia factors: Pr1 to be a 12,13‐diester of 4,20‐dideoxyphorbol (12‐benzoate‐13‐isobutyrate), Pr2, Pr3: to be 12,13‐diesters of 4,20‐dideoxy‐5ξ‐hydroxyphorbol (12‐benzoate‐13‐isobutyrate and 12,13‐diisobutyrate, respectively), Pr4/Pr5: to be a mixture of 12,13‐diesters of 4‐deoxyphorbol [12‐(2,4‐decadienoate)‐13‐isobutyrate/12‐(2,4,6‐decatrienoate)‐13‐isobutyrate]. All compounds were assayed on the mouse ear for irritant activity: Pr1 was weakly and the mixture Pr4/Pr5 was highly active, Pr2 and Pr3 were practically inactive.
Evaluation of the aphrodisiac activity of Litsea chinensis (Lauraceae) and Orchis malculata (Orchidaceae) extracts in rats
Authors: Ageel A. M. , Islam M. W. , Ginawi O. T. , Al‐Yahya M. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe ethanolic extract of the bark of Litsea chinensis and the tuber of Orchis maculata were studied on male sexual behaviour in rats using a battery of tests including penile erection, homosexual mounting, stretching/yawning, aggressive behaviour, copulatory behaviour and orientational activities. The extract of O. maculata (500 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant increase in penile erection index, homosexual mounting and facilitated sexual behaviour and orientational activity, as evidenced by increased mounting performance, anogenital sniffing, intromission and ejaculation frequencies. The group of animals given the extract of L. chinensis produced a significant increase in ejaculation latency with a significant decrease in ejaculation frequency. The results indicate that O. maculata extract enhanced sexual arousal in male rats.
Effects of Wen‐Pi‐Tang and its crude drug extracts on proliferation of cultured mouse mesangial cells
Authors: Yokozawa Takako , Oura Hikokichi , Hattori Masao , Iwano Masayuki , Dohi Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe efficacy of Wen‐Pi‐Tang and each of its crude drug extracts on the proliferation of mouse mesangial cells was determined in terms of [3H]thymidine uptake. When Wen‐Pi‐Tang was added to the medium of mesangial cell cultures, it suppressed the proliferation of mesangial cells markedly. Similar to the effects of Wen‐Pi‐Tang, Rhei Rhizoma, its main ingredient, exerted an inhibitory effect on mesangial cell proliferation at a relatively low concentration. Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Tuber were also an effective crude drug. As for Zingiberis Rhizoma, an inhibitory activity at relatively high concentration was noted. However, the proliferation of mesangial cells in the presence of Glycyrrhizae Radix showed no particular alteration. As is clear from the results of the present study, Rhei Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix, Aconiti Tuber and Zingiberis Rhizoma alone each exert an inhibitory effect. The inhibition of mesangial cell proliferation by Wen‐Pi‐Tang can thus be explained by the action of these crude drugs.
The antiinflammatory and liver protective effects of Boussingaultia gracilis var. pseudobaselloides extract in rats
Authors: Lin Chun‐Ching , Sung Tuan‐Ching , Yen Ming‐Hong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe pharmacological effects of Boussingaultia gracilis var. pseudobaselloides was studied against carrageenaninduced paw oedema, CCI4 and D‐galactosamine (D‐GalN) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The water extracts of B. gracilis var. pseudobaselloides (leaf, stem, brood bud) were found to maintain significant antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan‐induced oedema. The administration of the brood bud extract (300 mg/kg) was more potent than indomethacin (10 mg/kg).Moreover, the water extracts of B. gracilis var. pseudobaselloides (leaf, stem, brood bud) significantly decreased the acute increase in serum GOT and GPT levels caused by CCI4 and D‐GalN. Histological changes such as necrosis, fatty change, ballooning degeneration, inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and Kupffer cells around the central vein (CCI4‐induced hepatotoxicity) and portal vein (D‐GalN induced hepatotoxicity), were simultaneously improved by the treatment with B. gracilis var. pseudobaselloides (leaf, stem, brood bud).
Antifertility effects of some coumarins isolated from Ruta chalepensis and R. chalepensis var. latifolia in rodents
Authors: Ulubelen A. , Ertugrul L. , Birman H. , Yigit R. , Erseven G. , Olgac V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCrude extracts of Ruta chalepensis and R. chalepensis var. latifolia showed antifertility activity in female rats. In order to establish the active constituents which may be responsible for this effect, a group of selected coumarins and alkaloids were tested in vivo. Although chalepensin, bergaptol, chalepin and xanthatoxin showed antifertility activity, 70% of the test animals developed cystic and atretic follicles in their ovaries and glomerulocapsular adhesion and segmental fusion was observed in the kidneys. No harmful effect was observed in the brain. Alkaloids in this study showed no antifertility activity.
High resolution gas chromatography analysis of ‘espinheira santa’ (Maytenus ilicifolia and M. aquifolium): Analysis of crude drug adulterations
Authors: Vilegas Janete H. Y. , Lanças Fernando M. , Cervi Armando C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHigh resolution gas chromatographic analysis of reference samples of ‘espinheira santa’ (Maytenus ilicifolia and M. aquifolium, Celastraceae) and of samples purchased in Brazilian herbal medicine stores showed that friedelan‐3‐ol and friedelin can be utilized as markers for the identification of ‘espinheira santa’ and for the recognition of authentic and adulterated samples in a fast and simple procedure.
The low calorie natural sweetener stevioside: Nephrotoxicity and its relationship to urinary enzyme excretion in the rat
Authors: Toskulkao Chaivat , Deechakawan Wimon , Leardkamolkarn Vijittra , Glinsukon Thirayudh , Buddhasukh Dhuang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe relationships between urinary enzyme levels and changes in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine levels, along with simultaneous ultrastructural changes of the kidney, were studied in rats treated with stevioside. BUN levels increased at 3 h onward after subcutaneous injection (s.c.) with stevioside (1.5 g/kg BW). The maximum increases in BUN and creatinine were approximately 180% and 132% at 9 h after stevioside injection, respectively. At this time, stevioside also caused significant increases in glucosuria, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GTP) but no significant changes in proteinuria, N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucuronidase (NAG) or glutathione‐S‐transferase (GSH‐S‐TF). Histopathological examination of the kidney induced by stevioside revealed degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubule cells but no relation to lipid peroxide formation was detected. These results suggest that stevioside induced nephrotoxicity at the proximal convoluted tubules rather than at the glomeruli and other tubules presumably by a defect of cell volume regulation due to depletion of intracellular ATP and disruption of microvilli, and nuclear dysfunction.
Inhibition of tumour promotion and cell proliferation by plant polyphenols
Authors: Ramanathan R. , Das N. P. , Tan C. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe plant polyphenols: 2‐hydroxy chalcone, quercetin and tannic acid exhibited varying antiproliferative effects on two mouse cell lines—NIH 3T3 and L929. Whilst 2‐hydroxy chalcone and tannic acid (at 250 μM concentration) were able to exert 90% and 56% growth inhibition, respectively, quercetin at the same concentration had no effect on NIH 3T3 cells. However, these test compounds could exert significant growth inhibition on L929 cells at a concentration as low as 50 μM. At the highest concentration tested (250 μM), 2‐hydroxy chalcone, quercetin and tannic acid showed 87%, 61% and 78% growth inhibition, respectively. The observed difference in potencies of the test compounds for the two cell lines indicated that their actions are cell line specific. When tested in vivo on mice, the order of potency of the test compounds in inhibiting benzo[a]pyrene‐induced mouse skin carcinogenesis was tannic acid > 2‐hydroxy chalcone > quercetin. No correlation was observed between the efficacy of the test compounds and lipid peroxidation in vivo.
A practical, reproducible measure of murine anaphylaxis: Blood pressure monitoring of anaphylaxis and effect of Impatiens balsamina
Authors: Ishiguro Kyoko , Fukumoto Hisae , Osada Shiho , Isoi Koichiro , Semma Masanori 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMonitoring blood pressure (BP) was found to be a reliable and effective method for studying anaphylactic responses of mice not subjected to fatal shock. This method has the additional merit of allowing use of the experimental animals for long‐term allergy research. Using this system, we estimated the antianaphylactic effects of a 35% ethanol extract (IB) of petals of Impatiens balsamina L.
Effect of the water extract of Galega officinalis L. on human platelet aggregation in vitro
Authors: Atanasov Atanas Todorov 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGalega officinalis L. is a traditional medicinal plant from Bulgaria. It was found that the aqueous extract of Herba Galegae suppressed platelet aggregation in vitro induced by adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, thrombin and collagen. The compounds with antiaggregating action have not as yet been isolated from Galega officinalis.
Hypoglycaemic activity of Geranium core‐core, Oxalis rosea and Plantago major extract in rats
Authors: Rodriguez J. , Loyola J. I. , Maulén G. , Schmeda‐Hirschmann G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe hypoglycaemic activity of ‘Core‐core’ (Geranium core‐core, Geraniaceae), ‘Culle’ (Oxalis rosea, Oxalidaceae) and ‘Llantén’ (Plantago major, Plantaginaceae) crude extracts was assessed in normoglycaemic rats. Furthermore, the hypoglycaemic activity of Core‐core extract was evaluated in alloxan‐diabetic rats. A single oral dose of 500 mg/kg Core‐core extract significantly reduced glycaemia in normal rats under glucose tolerance test conditions (p < 0.01), while Culle and Llantén were devoid of activity. The effect was lower than a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg tolbutamide. After 7 days oral treatment at 250 mg extract/kg body weight, Core‐core significantly reduced glycaemia (p<0.01) in normal rats under oral glucose tolerance conditions. In alloxan‐diabetic rats, a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg and chronic treatment at 250 mg/kg Core‐core extract significantly reduced glycaemia in glucose tolerance test conditions at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. During the acute oral toxicity study, animals treated with Core‐core extract exhibited no symptoms of drug‐induced toxicity with doses up to 5 g/kg.
Enhancement of in vitro nonspecific immune functions by African plant extracts
Authors: Ottendorfer D. , Frevert J. , Kaufmann R. , Beuscher N. , Bodinet C. , Msonthi J. D. , Marston A. , Hostettmann K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe in vitro immunomodulatory activities of extracts from African medicinal plants have been studied. Certain extracts exerted enhancing effects in a concentration dependent manner on immune cells from three different strains of mice. Among these were an enhancement of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and tumoricidal potential of macrophages, and stimulation of the oxidative burst of macrophages and granulocytes. In contrast, the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes was only marginally affected. Enhanced macrophage and granulocyte activation was also detected using leucocytes of the LPS nonresponder strain C3H/HeJ. From the latter it can be concluded that the observed stimulatory effects of the plant extracts in vitro were not due to contamination with lipopolysaccharides.
Antithrombotic activity of ternatin, a tetramethoxy flavone from Egletes viscosa less
Authors: Souza M. F. , Cunha G. M. A. , Fontenele J. B. , Viana G. S. B. , Rao V. S. N. , Silveira E. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTernatin, a tetramethoxy flavone isolated from Egletes viscosa Less. was evaluated for a possible antithrombotic acitivity on in vitro platelet aggregation induced by ADP and in vivo mouse model of tail thrombosis induced by kappa‐carrageenan (KC). ADP‐induced platelet aggegation was inhibited by ternatin in a concentration‐dependent manner with an IC50 of 390 μM. It also provided marked protection of mice from thrombotic challenge with KC. Tail thrombosis was totally prevented in mice that received ternatin prophylactically (1 h prior to KC injection) whereas therapeutically (4 h after KC injection) administered ternatin effectively reduced the length of the thrombosed/infarcted part of the tail. The observations suggest an antithrombotic action of ternatin.
β‐glucuronidase inhibition and diuretic activity of Fabiana imbricata R. & P. (Solanaceae)
Authors: Schmeda‐Hirschmann G. , Loyola J. I. , Reyes S. , Hubert E. , Rodriguez M. , Rodriguez J. , Dutra‐Behrens M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe hydroalcoholic extract of Fabiana imbricata inhibited the enzyme β‐glucuronidase (β‐gluc) in vitro. Bioassay‐guided isolation led to scopoletin as the main active constituent of F. imbricata. Scopoletin was a noncompetitive inhibitor of β‐D‐glucuronidase with a Ki value of 4 × 10−5 M. A single oral dose of 250 mg/kg body weight F. imbricata extract produced a significant increase (p<0.05) in the urine output of rats. The diuretic effect of the extract was weak in comparison with hydrochlorothiazide at 25 mg/kg. In the acute oral toxicity study in rats, ‘Pichi’ was shown to be a low toxicity crude drug at doses up to 5 g crude extract/kg body weight. At concentrations up to 0.50 mg/mL, the crude extract did not increase the number of chromosome aberrations in the in vitro human lymphocyte assay.
Confirmation that tannin‐containing crude drugs have a uraemic toxin‐decreasing action
Authors: Yokozawa Takako , Fujioka Koji , Oura Hikokichi , Tanaka Takashi , Nonaka Gen‐Ichiro , Nishioka Itsuo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNine crude drugs containing tannins were selected in order to examine their actions on rats with renal failure. The levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), methylguanidine (MG) and guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) were decreased markedly and significantly in rats given Ephedrae Herba. Chebulae Fructus and Geranii Herba produced the same effect on uraemic toxins as that of Ephedrae Herba. MG was significantly decreased by all tannin‐containing crude drugs. However, there were no particular changes in these parameters after administration of non‐tannin‐containing crude drugs. The levels of urea nitrogen, Cr, MG and GSA showed a tendency to be increased in rats given Rehmanniae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Alismatis Rhizoma, but MG was decreased significantly in rats given Bupleuri Radix. Non‐tannin compounds also produced no significant decreases in the levels of uraemic toxins.
Reversal of efflux‐mediated tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates by Ginseng prosapogenins
Authors: Hasegawa Hideo , Matsumiya Satoshi , Uchiyama Masamori , Inouye Yoshio , Kasai Ryoji , Yamasaki Kazuo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA pair of tetracycline‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying different resistance determinants, tetK and tetM, were employed to screen some ginseng prosapogenins as antagonists of tetracycline resistance. The tetK gene encodes TetK efflux pump and the tetM gene define a ribosomal‐level resistance. The susceptibility of two strains to tetracycline was measured in parallel in the presence of various concentrations of test compounds. The efflux pump not ribosomal protection was adversely affected by ginsenosides Rh2, F1, 20‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐20(S)‐dammar‐3, 20‐diol (compound K), 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rh2 and their aglycones at nontoxic concentrations, reversing tetracycline resistance in the tetK‐carrying S. aureus.
Effect of picroliv on antioxidant‐system in liver of rats, after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Rastogi Ravi , Saksena Seema , Garg N. K. , Dhawan B. N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLevels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum of rats increased maximally at 12 h and bilirubin at 24 h, while total proteins decreased maximally at 48 h after partial hepatectomy. The levels of total lipids, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in liver increased maximally at 12 h and catalase at 24 h, but the activities of peroxidase, glutathione‐S‐transferase and superoxide dismutase decreased maximally at 12 h. After the period of maximal initial increase/decrease, the changes in these parameters in liver and serum started recovering towards their prehepatectomy levels. When a similar study was performed in rats fed 12 mg/kg body wt picroliv (an iridoid glycoside fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa) once daily for 7 days, the rate of recovery of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in serum and total lipids, reduced glutathione, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione‐S‐transferase in liver was faster.
Polypeptides of Aloe barbadensis miller
Authors: Winters Wendell D. , Bouthet Catherine 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMajor polypeptide species of proteins have been identified and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in fresh extracts of the whole leaf, leaf gel, root and stalk portions of Aloe barbadensis Miller plants of immature, young and mature ages. Extracts of the fresh Aloe plant portions were prepared by dissection, tissue disruption, differential centrifugation and gel filtration methods. Extracted plant portions analysed by separation electrophoresis were also assayed by biochemical and immunological techniques for the presence of lectin associated reactions, i.e. agglutination or mitogenicity. Results of the separation electrophoresis analysis of extracts prepared from fresh whole leaves and leaf gel of mature Aloe barbadensis Miller plants revealed 23 identifiable different polypeptides. Molecular weights of these polypeptides, calculated from sets of molecular weight reference standards, ranged from 70 000 for the largest to 3000 for the smallest. Electrophoresis profiles of commercially processed and freshly processed Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe saponaria Haw leaf gel extracts revealed similar patterns for major peptides. Treatment of mature whole Aloe leaf extracts with acidic and alkaline conditions revealed distinct changes in pH stability of ten peptides. Comparisons of separation electrophoresis profiles of fresh extracts of Aloe whole leaves and of leaf gel portions revealed marked differences in both molecular weights and concentrations of peptides found in extracts from mature, young or immature plants. This report is the first to describe the nature and types of polypeptides detected in extracts of whole leaf, leaf gel, stalk and root portions of immature, young and mature Aloe plants. Accordingly, information in this report may be of considerable value in helping to identify and characterize Aloe substances present during processing in extracts and in products.
Activation of lucidin‐3‐O‐primveroside mutagenicity by hesperidinase
Authors: Chulasiri Malyn , Matsushima Taijiro , Yoshihira Kunitoshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAt the maximum dose tested, 100 μg/plate, lucidin‐3‐O‐primveroside (LUC‐Prv) exhibited mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without S9 mix but not with the addition of this preparation. When the pH of the tested system was reduced from 7.4 to 6.5, the same results were obtained. However, after hesperidinase treatment at pH 6.5, higher mutagenicity was demonstrated, and the mutagenicity of the hydrolysis product in TA100 decreased in the presence of S9 mix. When the preincubation time of the mixture was kept longer, i.e. 30, 60 and 120 min, the number of revertants in TA100 without S9 mix became higher. When the concentration of hesperidinase was varied from 5 × 10−5 to 2.5 × 10−2 unit, no change in the number of revertants was observed. In contrast, LUC‐Prv and its hydrolysis products demonstrated no mutagenicity in TA98 by the same tested system.