bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance With Patient-Reported Outcomes in Multicenter Clinical Trials: Methodologic and Practical Approaches
Authors: Land Stephanie R. , Ritter Marcie W. , Costantino Joseph P. , Julian Thomas B. , Cronin Walter M. , Haile Sarah R. , Wolmark Norman , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: November 2007

Purpose This report describes interventions undertaken by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) to improve compliance with patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessments in the setting of multicenter cancer clinical trials. We describe the effectiveness of several interventions and of observational factors. Methods PRO submission rates were analyzed for the following three NSABP protocols: the Study of Raloxifene and Tamoxifen (STAR), B-32, and B-35. Institutions participating in protocol B-35 were randomly assigned to receive automated reminders of upcoming assessments or not. Compliance was analyzed with a logistic repeated measures mixed modeling. Results Compliance was high in the three protocols, with rates greater than 80% for nearly all time points. Institutions were a significant source of variability (P < .01). The largest institutions had the highest compliance in STAR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68 for < 50 participants enrolled and OR = 0.82 for 50 to 99 participants enrolled v larger institutions; P < .001). Midsized institutions had highest compliance in B-32 (OR = 4.63 for 31 to 50 patients enrolled and OR = 3.12 for > 50 patients enrolled v small institutions; P = .007). Compliance increased with participant age in STAR (OR = 0.57, 0.89, and 1.01 for ages < 50, 50 to 60, and 60 to 70 years, respectively, v > 70 years; P < .001). Race was significant in B-32 (OR = 2.63 for white v nonwhite; P < .001) and in STAR (OR = 1.41 for white v nonwhite; P < .001). Treatment group was significant in B-32 (OR = 0.74; P = .006). The B-35 prospective reminder did not improve compliance significantly (P = .30), but in B-32, delinquency sanctions were significant (OR = 1.56; P = .007). Conclusion Compliance in NSABP PRO studies is higher now than a decade ago. Results for compliance initiatives were mixed. Age and race are important factors, but institutional variation remains significant and largely unexplained.
Familial Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders: Clinical Phenotype and Evidence of Disease Anticipation
Authors: Rumi Elisa , Passamonti Francesco , Della Porta Matteo G. , Elena Chiara , Arcaini Luca , Vanelli Laura , Del Curto Cecilia , Pietra Daniela , Boveri Emanuela , Pascutto Cristiana , Cazzola Mario , Lazzarino Mario 
Published: November 2007

Purpose Chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMDs) have sporadic occurrence. However, familial clustering is reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and the clinical phenotype of familial CMDs, and to study the anticipation of disease onset in successive generations. Patients and Methods Among 458 patients with apparently sporadic CMDs, an interview-based investigation of family history was performed to identify familial cases. The clinical phenotype of familial CMDs was compared with that of sporadic CMDs. Anticipation was studied evaluating age at diagnosis and telomere length in successive generations. Results Among 458 patients with apparently sporadic CMDs, the prevalence of familial cases was 7.6% (35 pedigrees; 75 patients). Kolmogorov-Smirnov and two-tailed Fisher's exact tests did not demonstrate significant differences in clinical presentation between patients with familial and sporadic CMDs. Within 544 person-years of follow-up, patients with familial CMDs developed similar complications and disease evolutions as those with sporadic CMDs. The comparison of second-generation and first-generation patients showed a significantly younger age at diagnosis (Wilcoxon matched-pair test, P = .001) and a significantly higher age-dependent hazard of CMD onset (Nelson-Aalen method, P < .001) in patients of the second generation. A significant shortening of telomere length was highlighted in offspring compared with parent (P = .043). Conclusion This study indicates that a thorough investigation of family history should be part of the initial work-up of patients with CMDs. Patients with familial CMDs show the same clinical features and suffer the same complications as patients with sporadic disease. Age distribution between parent and offspring and telomere length shortening provide evidence of disease anticipation.
Separation of Sulfur Compounds in Straight-Run Naphtha
Authors: Miki Yasuo , Toba Makoto , Yoshimura Yuji 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Sulfur-containing compounds in straight-run naphtha were separated from coexisting hydrocarbons by means of open-column chromatography. Elution with hexane was continued after outflow of saturated hydrocarbons in the original sample, and aromatic hydrocarbons eluted gradually without any accompanying sulfur-containing compounds. When aromatic hydrocarbons ceased to be observed in the effluent, hexane was changed to benzene. A mixture of thiophenes, disulfides, and thiols then began to elute, followed ultimately by a mixture of sulfides and thiacycloalkanes. The obtained sulfur-containing compounds contained very small amounts of hydrocarbons other than the elution solvent, and their mass spectra could be observed by means of gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry.
Synthesis of CD3-Labeled 11-cis-Retinals and Application to Solid-State Deuterium NMR Spectroscopy of Rhodopsin
Authors: Tanaka Katsunori , Struts Andrey V , Krane Sonja , Fujioka Naoko , Salgado Gilmar F J , Martínez-Mayorga Karina , Brown Michael F , Nakanishi Koji 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Efficient synthesis of 11-Z-retinals labeled with 2H at the C5, C9, or C13 methyl groups is described. The 2H-labeled retinals were used to regenerate the visual pigment rhodopsin for structural investigations. Solid-state 2H NMR data provided the orientation of retinal within the rhodopsin binding pocket as well as its conformation. Extension of the approach to other membrane receptors can yield knowledge of their mechanisms of activation as a guide for ligand-based drug design.
Lanthanide Ion-Induced Folding of De Novo Designed Coiled-Coil Polypeptides
Authors: Kashiwada Ayumi , Ishida Kengo , Matsuda Kiyomi 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
To construct a novel isoleucine zipper polypeptide that undergoes a random to coiled coil transition upon lanthanide ion binding, we designed a 37-residue polypeptide (Pep3) with a γ-carboxy glutamic acid (γ-Gla) as metal binding site. Pep3 was designed based on the sequence of the isoleucine zipper polypeptide (Pep1), forming a triple-stranded coiled coil. The coiled-coil structure was destabilized by ionic repulsions among γ-Gla residues at position 21 (hydrophobic 3a position) of one strand. On the other hand, a stable coiled coil formed in the presence of Eu3+ ions. This structural change in the designed polypeptide was selective toward Eu3+ ion from the circular dichroism (CD) measurements. Furthermore, we designed a lanthanide ion-induced heterotrimeric coiled-coil-assembled system by using two kinds of polypeptides, Pep4 and Pep5. CD spectroscopy, sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation, gel filtration, and HPLC analyses indicate that Pep4 and Pep5 could noncovalently assemble in a 1:2 ratio in the presence of Eu3+ ions.
The Alkylation of Biphenyl over One-Dimensional Twelve-Membered Ring Zeolites. The Influence of Zeolite Structure and Alkylating Agent on the Selectivity for 4,4′-Dialkylbiphenyl
Authors: Sugi Yoshihiro , Maekawa Hiroyoshi , Ito Akira , Ozawa Chikako , Shibata Tomoko , Niimi Akihiro , Asaoka Chihara , Komura Kenichi , Kubota Yoshihiro , Lee Jae-Youl , Kim Jong-Ho , Seo Gon 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Alkylation, i.e., isopropylation, s-butylation, and t-butylation, of biphenyl (BP) was examined over one-dimensional twelve-membered (12-MR) zeolites: Mordenite (MOR) and SSZ-24 (AFI) with straight channels, and SSZ-55 (ATS) and SSZ-42 (IFR) with corrugated channels. Types of zeolites and alkylating agents highly influenced the selectivities for dialkylbiphenyl (DABP) isomers. Shape-selective formation of 4,4′-diisopropylbiphenyl (4,4′-DIPB) was observed over MOR and AFI; however, ATS and IFR gave 4,4′-DIPB only in low selectivities at 250 °C: 87% over MOR, 60% over AFI, 20% over ATS, and 30% over IFR. The selectivities for 4,4′-di-s-butylbiphenyl (4,4′-DSBB) in the s-butylation were higher than those for 4,4′-DIPB: 95% over MOR, 85% over AFI, 75% over ATS, and 50% over IFR. The t-butylation afforded selectively 4,4′-di-t-butylbiphenyl (4,4′-DTBB) over the zeolites: 96–97% over MOR and AFI, 90% over ATS, and 80% over IFR. These results in the alkylation indicate the exclusion of 4,4′-DABP from other bulky DABP isomers by steric restriction in zeolite channels is an important key for the high shape-selectivity. Even zeolites with large channels, such as ATS and IFR, can have shape-selective nature if the bulky moieties, such as s-butyl and t-butyl groups, are large enough to differentiate the transition state of the least bulky 4,4′-DABP from those of the other isomers inside their channels. The selectivity for 4,4′-DABP decreased at high temperatures in some alkylations: isopropylation over MOR, and s-butylation and t-butylation over MOR, AFI, and ATS. The decreases are due to the isomerization of 4,4′-DABP at external acid sites, because the channels are not large enough for the isomerization of 4,4′-DABP to bulkier 3,4′-DABP. However, the isopropylation over AFI was accompanied by the isomerization of 4,4′-DIPB at external and internal acid sites, because the channels are large enough for the isomerization of 4,4′-DIPB.
Hydrogen Gas Diffusion Electrode Prepared from Porous Carbon Spheres Dispersed with Pd–Ag Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Horigome Masataka , Pacheco Tanaka David A , Llosa Tanco Margot A , Yukita Waki , Kobayashi Kiyoshi , Suzuki Toshishige M 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Hydrogen gas diffusion electrodes were prepared from porous carbon spheres dispersed with Pd–Ag alloy nanoparticles with various Pd/Ag ratios. The performance of the electrodes evaluated by observing the polarization characteristics in the electro-oxidation of hydrogen markedly depended on the ratio of Pd and Ag in the alloy.
Scything the grass: agenda-setting consequences of appointing public inquiries in the UK. A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Sulitzeanu-Kenan Raanan 
Published: November 2007

English
The media salience trends of 40 events in the UK between 1984 and 2003 were examined to determine the validity of allegations regarding the agenda-setting effect of appointing public inquiries. Results show that, contrary to the ‘long grass’ argument, the attenuation in media salience following the appointment of a public inquiry is not different from that of non-inquired events. The findings are analysed and an alternative explanation is suggested for the prevalence of the ‘long grass’ argument.
Managing contracts under the UK's Private Finance Initiative: evidence from the National Health Service
Authors: Lonsdale Chris , Watson Glyn 
Published: November 2007

English
Over recent years, a number of contributors to the public management literature have argued that the buyer–supplier relationships generated by the UK Private Finance Initiative (PFI) are qualitatively different from those generated by traditional contracting out. References have been made to equality, transparency, risk-sharing and trust. In this article, the authors test a contrary argument: that UK public managers negotiate and implement PFI contracts within an environment which is, to a significant extent, characterised by supplier opportunism, something that requires them to employ an extremely assiduous, if not necessarily distant, approach to contract and relationship management. The testing of this argument is undertaken with evidence from PFI construction contracts operated within the National Health Service.
Navigating the contradictions of public service modernisation: the case of community engagement professionals
Authors: Mayo Marjorie , Hoggett Paul , Miller Chris 
Published: November 2007

English
A commitment to public service reform has been a guiding theme of Labour administrations in Britain since 1997. These modernisation policies and practices formed the context for our research, using psychosocial approaches to analyse the contradictory impacts of modernisation agendas on social development workers’ motivations, professional values and the ways in which they identified and addressed ethical dilemmas in their work. Professionals responded to modernisation agendas in varying ways. While some welcomed the changes, others raised concerns, posing questions for the future about the potential impact on the motivations and values of the next generation of public service professionals.
The Rediscovery of Restrictions: the impact of the miners’ strike on the powers of local authorities to offer financial aid through social work departments
Authors: Jackson Michael P. 
Published: November 2007

Social workers in Britain gained the power to offer financial aid to clients with children through the 1963 Children and Young Persons Act. These powers were extended in Scotland through Section 12 of the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968. However, these powers were also subject to certain limitations: where children were not involved, there had to be exceptional circumstances, it had to be likely that giving financial aid would save the local authority greater expense in the long term and, critically for this case, help could only be given to ‘persons in need’ as defined by Section 94 of the 1968 Act.
In practice, some of the restrictions imposed by the 1968 Act were soon forgotten or ignored as local authorities struggled to deal with the demands placed on them. Further, this strategy seemed to get official backing and had the support of other official bodies. However, the issue was re-opened with the miners’ strike of 1984/85 when some authorities used their powers under Section 12 of the Social Work (Scotland) Act extensively to help those on strike. The political controversy surrounding the strike caused the way social work departments were using their powers to offer financial aid to be looked at anew. The result has been the rediscovery of the restrictions of the 1968 Act and a major change to the practice of the previous 15 or 50 years.
The Politics of Shit: regulation of liquid manure application in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony
Authors: Conrad Jobst , Teherani-Krönner Parto 
Published: November 2007

The 1980 EC Drinking Water Directive limiting the amount of nitrate in drinking water to50mg/l can hardly be implemented without preventive measures in the application of nitrogen fertilizers and manure in regions with intensive farming. As yet, however, this has not been worked out at the EC level. One of the first mandatory regulations has thus been introduced in some West German states concerning the amount of and the timespan over which liquid manure may be applied.
Even though the liquid manure regulation in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony is characterised as smooth and conciliatory towards farmers, it can be seen as an attempt to control nitrate emissions into ground water. Despite their shortcomings, the Liquid Manure Ordinance and the Liquid Manure Directive stand out as positive examples of at least partial applications of the ‘polluter pays’ principle.
Public Management in Uncertainty: a micro-political perspective of the health service in the United Kingdom
Authors: Barrett Sue , McMahon Laurie 
Published: November 2007

An increasingly common characteristic of public sector organisations in Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe is a heightened sense of uncertainty. Assumptions that have been cherished for decades are being challenged, and for large public institutions, used to plotting their way into the future in much the same direction as they left the past, the strength of the challenge and the wide front over which it is taking place is causing increasing concern for both managers and politicians.
In this paper we examine the uncertainty created within the National Health Service by an increasingly rapid shift from passive administration to more assertive management and from welfare values to market forces. We use the experience of a small group of District General Managers with whom we worked to try and better understand how managers have thought through these changes in practice. We go on to reflect on that experience and suggest a series of coping strategies for managing in uncertainty.
Housing Policy and ‘Special Needs’
Authors: Clapham David , Smith Susan J. 
Published: November 2007

The concept of ‘special needs’ is one with which all housing practitioners and housing policy analysts will be familiar. It is a concept which is increasingly the touchstone for state involvement in housing and it is a label which can unlock the door to resources for many groups of people such as ‘the elderly’, ‘the mentally handicapped’ and ‘the physically disabled’.
The objectives of this paper are to examine the ‘special needs’ concept by analysing its role in the targetting of housing policy. The impact of the ‘special needs’ approach is assessed both in terms of its capacity to deliver the goods for ‘special’ groups and in terms of the implications of the approach for the impact of state intervention in the provision of housing and welfare. The argument throughout is that the ‘special needs’ approach has brought some substantial material gains to the groups it serves but that these achievements have been secured at the cost of inflexibility in service provision, the relative exclusion of ‘special’ groups from mainstream society and the increasing stigmatisation of such groups due to the stereotypical images their ‘special’ designation conveys.
Finally, two strategies of reform are considered: the incremental approach which aims to widen and expand the range of groups eligible for special provision; and a radical, strategy which challenges some key tenets of the ‘special needs’ approach and provides a more ‘universalising’ alternative.
National Frameworks and the Implementation of Local Policies: is a European model of integration identifiable?
Authors: Nanton Philip 
Published: November 2007

This paper examines the notion of integration in the five main migrant receiving countries of the European Community, namely, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. I argue that the term ‘integration’ is used in these countries primarily as a political concept of convenience to manage migrant relations. The result has been the diverse application of the term from one country to another. This is illustrated at the economic level by different degrees of economic integration, different strategies to develop social cohesion and politically through different arrangements for consultation and political participation.
The paper then argues that integration also involves a longer term and universal process of adaptation. It is suggested that nation states might more usefully build their integration policies around the latter processes and identifies a number of minimum conditions for integration.
The Paradox of Rising Incomes and Increasing Hardship
Authors: Baker John 
Published: November 2007

Official statistics show that the real incomes of the poorest households, and of those living on social security, have risen in recent years. If so, their hardships should be easing. In fact they appear to be continuing or even worsening.
This article looks at six possible solutions to this paradox. There is insufficient evidence to prove or disprove any, but some are more plausible and better supported by evidence than others. The solution may itself be paradoxical. Hardships like lacking heat, shelter or even food may be the result of incomes that are low compared with other incomes, rather than to the cost of fuel, rent etc.
Self-governing Hospitals in a Public Funded Health Care System: NHS trusts in Britain and independent hospitals in Canada
Authors: Rathwell Tom 
Published: November 2007

The British National Health Service, in common with many other European countries, is undergoing a period of radical reform. One of the most important and fundamental changes introduced is the right for hospitals and other provider units to apply for self-governing (autonomous) status. Self-governing hospitals are a new phenomenon in Britain and there is little understanding or evidence of how the policy change will impact on health services delivery. This paper explores the likely development in Britain of the self-governing hospital from the perspective of the hospital in the Canadian Health System. Canada has a comprehensive, government funded and regulated system of health care, free at the point of delivery and available to all citizens. Its hospitals operate as autonomous institutions within the overall structure. The paper considers the issue of self governance from four perspectives: management; finance; service provision; and accountability.
The paper concludes that autonomously managed hospitals are compatible with a public funded health care system.
Explaining Different Approaches to Local Labour Market Policy in the FRG
Authors: Blanke Bernhard , Benzler Susanne , Heinelt Hubert 
Published: November 2007

The article deals with a central problem of labour market policy in the then Federal Republic of Germany (and in other countries): how to bring different policy levels with their special programmes and the many local actors together to develop programmes against unemployment appropriate to their locality. While facing the financial dilemma of falling tax receipts and rising expenditures due to economic crisis and restructuring and while central government prefers non-decisions, local authorities are obliged to make use of the ‘resources of coordination’ such as financial resources and programmes, for example different policies and their associated implementation measures, and of local actors.
Using the examples of Bremen, Hanover, Dortmund and Munich the article shows which factors and political processes determine the particular local policies to combat unemployment.
The article was written in Spring 1991.
Homelessness Policy in Britain
Authors: Somerville Peter 
Published: November 2007

This paper reviews the history of homelessness policy in Britain, with special emphasis on the Housing (Homeless Persons) Act 1977. The structural changes in society which made the 1977 Act possible are identified, and the immediate causation of the Act itself is examined in detail. The consensus view that pressure groups played the main part in bringing about the legislative change is criticised, and instead it is argued that the Department of the Environment took the lead from start to finish.
The paper then goes on to argue that the Department of the Environment has retained the initiative in homelessness policy from 1977 up to the present day. Further structural shifts in British society are identified, which have had the cumulative effect of undermining the 1977 Act’s main provisions. Specific influences on the Department which have led to its current proposals for legislative change are then outlined, and used to explain the nature and timing of these proposals. Issues of centralisation, depoliticisation and privatisation are argued to be of particular importance in explaining the overall pattern of change.