bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diadenosines as FHIT‐ness instructors
Authors: Campiglio Manuela , Bianchi Francesca , Andriani Francesca , Sozzi Gabriella , Tagliabue Elda , Ménard Sylvie , Roz Luca 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFHITis a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated in human cancer. Although the Fhit protein is known to hydrolyze diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A), this hydrolase activity is not required for Fhit‐mediated oncosuppression. Indeed, the molecular mechanisms and the regulatory elements of Fhit oncosuppression are largely unknown. Here, we review physiological and pathological aspects of Fhit in the context of the ApnA family of signaling molecules, as well as the involvement of Fhit in apoptosis and the cell cycle in cancer models. We also discuss recent findings of novel Fhit interactions that may lead to new hypotheses about biochemical mechanisms underlying the oncosuppressor activity of this gene. J. Cell. Physiol. 208: 274–281, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The responsiveness of regenerated soleus muscle to pharmacological calcineurin inhibition
Authors: Koulmann Nathalie , Sanchez Hervé , N'Guessan Benoît , Chapot Rachel , Serrurier Bernard , Peinnequin André , Ventura‐Clapier Renée , Bigard Xavier 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe responsiveness of mature regenerated soleus (SOL) muscles to cyclosporin A (CsA) administration was studied in rats. Forty‐two days after notexin‐induced degeneration of left SOL muscles, rats were treated with CsA (25 mg/kg · day) or vehicle daily for 3 weeks. CsA administration decreased by eightfold the level of transcription of MCIP‐1, a well‐known calcineurin‐induced gene, in intact as well as in regenerated muscles (P < 0.001). In response to CsA‐administration we observed a slow‐to‐fast transition in the MHC profile, more marked in regenerated than in intact muscles (P < 0.05), but mainly restricted to MHC‐Iβ toward MHC‐IIA. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MHC‐IIA was often co‐expressed with MHC‐Iβ within myofibers of intact muscles, whereas it was mainly expressed within pure fast fibers of regenerated muscles. MHC‐Iβ mRNA levels were lower in regenerated than in intact muscles, but did not change in response to CsA‐administration. CsA administration induced a significant increase in MHC‐IIA mRNA levels (P < 0.001) similar in both intact and regenerated muscles. Present results suggest that in vivo in intact SOL muscles, calcineurin blocks the upregulation of the MHC‐IIA isoform at the transcriptional level. On the other hand, the higher response of regenerated muscles to CsA administration cannot be explained by transcriptional events, and may result from either a more rapid turnover of MHC proteins in regenerated muscles than in intact ones, or translational events. This study further suggests that the developmental history of myofibers could play a role in the adaptability of skeletal muscle to variations in neuromuscular activity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing and evaluating community organizations' capacity for working in HIV/AIDS responses in India, Ecuador and Cambodia
Authors: Gupta Sachin , McPherson Sam , Sellers Tilly , Chamreun Choub Sok , Choudhary Bollepalli Narendra , Levene Josh 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCivil society programmes and funding mechanisms need tools to assess capacities of organizations to identify credible partners and further build their capacity to absorb funds and implement programmes. However, for all the investment in capacity building, results and impact are often difficult to evaluate, although most programmes monitor process indicators. The International HIV/AIDS Alliance is running a multi‐country prevention programme with over 60 community organizations where participatory analysis of partners' capacities at the beginning of a programme will accelerate capacity building and provide baseline data to evaluate increases in capacity and impacts on programme outcomes. The work has contributed to a new printed toolkit for analysing NGO capacity. Unlike many assessment tools, the toolkit provides participatory training hand‐in‐hand with participatory appraisal methods, to enable organisations to critically reflect and motivate for change internally. The scope of the toolkit goes beyond traditional organisational development, to look at other areas of capacity instrumental for organisations providing services and working for change related to HIV/AIDS. The toolkit is freely available from the organisation's website (www.aidsalliance.org). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are the development policy implications of the new economy, new? All that is old is new again
Authors: Clarke Matthew 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThere is an (optimistic) view within the literature that the convergence of two long‐run broad trends, globalization and advances in information and communication technology, has resulted in a ‘new’ world economy. Within such a new economy, knowledge replaces traditional productivity input as the primary driver of economic growth. Evidence of this new economy is scarce, yet proponents are optimistic that such an economy offers great hope for developing countries. If this optimism is warranted appropriate government policies would include improving access levels and quality of telecommunication and electricity infrastructure, education and providing both direct and indirect support to encourage local firms to become engaged with the global economy. Ironically, these policies are consistent with current orthodox development policies currently pursued within the ‘old’ economy. In this regard, it seems that all that is old is new again. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confocal microscopy of the light organ crypts in juvenile Euprymna scolopes reveals their morphological complexity and dynamic function in symbiosis
Authors: Sycuro Laura K. , Ruby Edward G. , McFall‐Ngai Margaret 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn the hours to days following hatching, the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, obtains its light‐emitting symbiont, Vibrio fischeri, from the surrounding environment and propagates the bacteria in the epithelial crypts of a specialized light organ. Three‐dimensional analyses using confocal microscopy revealed that each of the three crypts on either side of the juvenile light organ is composed of four morphological regions. Progressing from the lateral pore to the medial blind end of each crypt, the regions consist of 1) a duct, 2) an antechamber, 3) a bottleneck, and 4) a deep region. Only the deep region houses a persistent bacterial population, whereas the duct, antechamber, and bottleneck serve as conduits through which the bacteria enter during initial colonization and exit during diel venting, a behavior in which ∼90% of the symbionts are expelled each dawn. Our data suggest that, like the duct, the antechamber and bottleneck may function to promote and maintain the specificity of the symbiosis. Pronounced structural and functional differences among the deep regions of the three crypts, along with previously reported characterizations of embryogenesis, suggest a continued developmental progression in the first few days after hatching. Taken together, the results of this study reveal a high degree of complexity in the morphology of the crypts, as well as in the extent to which the three crypts and their constituent regions differ in function during the early stages of the symbiosis. J. Morphol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of calcium entry and glutamate release in cultured cerebellar granule cells by palytoxin
Authors: Vale Carmen , Alfonso Amparo , Suñol Cristina , Vieytes Mercedes R. , Botana Luis M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA channel open on the membrane can be formed by palytoxin (PTX). Ten nanomolar PTX caused an irreversible increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c), which was abolished in the absence of external calcium. The increase was eliminated by saxitoxin (STX) and nifedipine (NIF). Calcium rise is secondary to the membrane depolarization. PTX effect on calcium was dependent on extracellular Na+. Li+ decreased the PTX‐evoked rise in [Ca2+]c; replacement of Na+ by N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine (NMDG) abolished PTX‐induced calcium increase. [Ca2+]c increase by PTX was strongly reduced after inhibition of the reverse operation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, in the presence of antagonists of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors, and by inhibition of neurotransmitter release. PTX did not modify calcium extrusion by the plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA), because blockade of the calcium pump increased rather than decreased the PTX‐induced calcium influx. Extracellular levels of glutamate and aspartate were measured by HPLC and exocytotic neurotransmitter release by determination of synaptic vesicle exocytosis using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). PTX caused a concentration‐dependent increase in EAA release to the culture medium. Ten nanomolar PTX decreased cell viability by 30% within 5 min. PTX‐induced calcium influx involves three pathways: Na+‐dependent activation of voltage‐dependent sodium channels (VDSC) and voltage‐dependent calcium channels (VDCC), reverse operation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and indirect activation of EAA receptors through glutamate release. The neuronal injury produced by the toxin could be partially mediated by the PTX‐induced overactivation of EAA receptors, VDSC, VDCC and the glutamate efflux into the extracellular space. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From monosilane to crystalline silicon, part II: Kinetic considerations on thermal decomposition of pressurized monosilane
Authors: Odden J. O. , Egeberg P. K. , Kjekshus A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractKinetic aspects of the thermal decomposition of monosilane at 690–830 K and initial pressures of 0.1–3.7 MPa in a free‐space reactor are considered. Neglecting the preparatory initiation period for the reaction (which is difficult to evaluate under the present dynamic conditions), the onset temperature for the decomposition is stipulated to some 700–710 K, independent of the initial monosilane pressure. The overall reaction appears to be of first order throughout the progressing decomposition process. We observe considerably lower reaction rates under the high‐pressure conditions than existing models in the literature suggest. A modified model is proposed that simulates the observed reaction rates within ±1% and moreover predicts credible concentrations of the involved gaseous species. A key feature of the modified model is incorporation of two third‐body assisted surface reactions, which generate monosilane from disilane and disilane from trisilane. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 309–321, 2006
Unbalanced whole arm translocation resulting in loss of 18p in dystonia
Authors: Nasir Jamal , Frima Nafsika , Pickard Ben , Malloy M. Pat , Zhan Lingping , Grünewald Richard 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDystonia represents a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorder, characterized by abnormal and sustained muscle contractions and rigid postures. At least 15 different loci (DYT1–DYT15) have been identified in dystonia. Adult‐onset idiopathic focal dystonia affecting specific parts of the body, such as the eye (blepharospasm), neck (cervical dystonia), and hand (writer's cramp), is mostly associated with the DYT7 locus, which was originally mapped to chromosome 18p by genomewide linkage analysis in a large family showing autosomal dominant inheritance. We have identified a family in which the mother is affected with dystonia and the son shows signs of dystonia. Using fluorescent BAC probes spanning 18p, we were able to identify a deletion in these two individuals, spanning the entire short arm of 18p. This deletion is accompanied by a centric fusion involving chromosome 14. The 18p deleted region spans 15 megabases of DNA, with a number of interesting DYT7 candidate genes, including genes involved in G‐protein–coupled signaling (GNAL), cell death (CIDEA), muscle development (MYOM1 and MRLM), mitochondrial activity (NDUFV2), and neuronal function (ADYCAP1, TGIF, DAP‐1, and AFG3L2). © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Dual‐tasking effects on gait variability: The role of aging, falls, and executive function
Authors: Springer Shmuel , Giladi Nir , Peretz Chava , Yogev Galit , Simon Ely S. , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe objectives of the present study were to test the hypothesis that the dual‐tasking effect on gait variability is larger in healthy older adults than it is in healthy young adults; that this effect is larger in idiopathic elderly fallers than it is in healthy older adults; and that the dual‐tasking effects on gait variability are correlated with executive function (EF). Young adults and older adults who were classified as fallers and nonfallers were studied. Gait speed, swing time, and swing time variability, a marker of fall risk, were measured during usual walking and during three different dual‐tasking conditions. EF and memory were evaluated. When performing dual tasks, all three groups significantly decreased their gait speed. Dual tasking did not affect swing time variability in the young adults and in the nonfallers. Conversely, dual tasking markedly increased swing time variability in the fallers. While memory was similar in fallers and nonfallers, EF was different. The faller‐specific response to dual tasking was significantly correlated with tests of EF. These findings demonstrate that dual tasking does not affect the gait variability of elderly nonfallers or young adults. In contrast, dual tasking destabilizes the gait of idiopathic elderly fallers, an effect that appears to be mediated in part by a decline in EF. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Novel PRKCG/SCA14 mutation in a Dutch spinocerebellar ataxia family: Expanding the phenotype
Authors: Vlak Monique H.M. , Sinke Richard J. , Rabelink Gwenda M. , Kremer Berry P.H. , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe report on a family with an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia in which we identified a novel mutation in exon 5 of the PRKCG/SCA14 gene that results in a Val138Glu substitution in the encoded protein PKCγ. While most affected subjects displayed a late‐onset uncomplicated form of spinocerebellar ataxia with occasional mild extrapyramidal features (such as postural tremor), one patient presented with a very mild nonprogressive ataxia since the age of 3 years and predominant multifocal myoclonus. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Molecular characterization of three forms of vitellogenin and their yolk protein products during oocyte growth and maturation in red seabream (Pagrus major), a marine teleost spawning pelagic eggs
Authors: Sawaguchi Sayumi , Kagawa Hirohiko , Ohkubo Nobuyuki , Hiramatsu Naoshi , Sullivan Craig V. , Matsubara Takahiro 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFull‐length cDNAs encoding three forms of vitellogenin (Vg) were obtained from a liver cDNA library of estrogen‐treated red seabream, Pagrus major. Two of the three Vg sequences had high homology with type‐A and ‐B Vgs (VgA and VgB) of other teleosts. The third red seabream Vg was classified as a type‐C or phosvitinless (Pvl) Vg due to its lack of a phosvitin (Pv) domain. Two Vg preparations (610 and 340 kDa) from blood serum of estradiol‐treated fish were biochemically characterized. Analyses of precursor‐product relationships by examination of N‐terminal amino acid sequences verified cleavage of the 610 kDa Vg into a 540 kDa lipovitellin (Lv) and a 32 kDa β′‐component. Each of these yolk preparations comprising both VgA‐ and VgB‐derived polypeptides. The 340 kDa Vg, which was immunologically verified to be a PvlVg, was accumulated by vitellogenic oocytes with no alterations to its native molecular mass. During oocyte maturation, the VgA‐ and VgB‐derived yolk proteins were differentially processed, presumably to generate a pool of free amino acids for oocyte hydration or for allocation of specific types of nutrients, amino acids, and proteins, to the developing embryo. Conversely, the 340 kDa Vg‐derived yolk protein is unlikely to contribute to oocyte hydration or diffusible nutrients since the molecule underwent only minor proteolytic nicking during oogenesis. The present study elucidates for the first time specific functions of three different forms of Vg and their product yolk proteins in a higher taxonomic group of marine teleosts that spawn pelagic eggs. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive impairment in neuromuscular disorders
Authors: D'Angelo Maria Grazia , Bresolin Nereo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested the presence of central nervous system involvement manifesting as cognitive impairment in diseases traditionally confined to the peripheral nervous system. The aim of this review is to highlight the character of clinical, genetic, neurofunctional, cognitive, and psychiatric deficits in neuromuscular disorders. A high correlation between cognitive features and cerebral protein expression or function is evident in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy (Steinert disease), and mitochondrial encephalomyopathies; direct correlation between tissue‐specific protein expression and cognitive deficits is still elusive in certain neuromuscular disorders presenting with or without a cerebral abnormality, such as congenital muscular dystrophies, congenital myopathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, adult polyglucosan body disease, and limb‐girdle muscular dystrophies. No clear cognitive deficits have been found in spinal muscular atrophy and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. Muscle Nerve, 2006
NMR spectroscopic studies on the late onset form of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria type I and other defects in leucine metabolism
Authors: Engelke Udo F. H. , Kremer Berry , Kluijtmans Leo A. J. , van der Graaf Marinette , Morava Eva , Loupatty Ference J. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Moskau Detlef , Loss Sandra , van den Bergh Erik , Wevers Ron A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA diagnosis of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria type I (OMIM: 250950) based on elevated urinary excretion of 3‐methylglutaconic acid (3MGA), 3‐methylglutaric acid (3MG) and 3‐hydroxyisovaleric acid (3HIVA) was made in a 61‐year‐old female patient presenting with leukoencephalopathy slowly progressing over more than 30 years. The diagnosis was confirmed at the enzymatic and molecular level. In vivo brain MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) was performed at 3.0 T, and one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional in vitro NMR spectroscopy of body fluids of the patient was performed at 11.7 T. Additionally, we measured 1D 1H‐NMR spectra of urine of seven patients with a total of four different inborn errors of leucine metabolism. Increased concentrations of 3HIVA, 3MGA (cis and trans) and 3MG were observed in the NMR spectra of the patient's urine. In the cerebrospinal fluid, the 3HIVA concentration was 10 times higher than in the plasma of the patient and only the cis isomer of 3MGA was observed. In vivo brain MRSI showed an abnormal resonance at 1.28 ppm that may be caused by 3HIVA. Comparison of 1H‐NMR spectra of urine samples from all eight patients studied, representing five different inborn errors of leucine metabolism, showed that each disease has typical NMR characteristics. Our leukoencephalopathy patient suffers from a late‐onset form of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria type I. In the literature, only very few adult patients with this conditions have been described, and 3HIVA accumulation in white matter in the brain has not been presented before in these patients. Our data demonstrate that 1H‐NMR spectroscopy of urine can easily discriminate between the known inborn errors of leucine metabolism and provide the correct diagnosis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Problem solving, sense of coherence and instrumental ADL of elderly people with depression and normal control group
Authors: Ziv Noga , Roitman Deborah M. , Katz Noomi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was first, to explore the separate contribution and interaction between verbal and performance based problem solving and sense of coherence; and second, to examine the association of these variables with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) function among elderly people with depression living in the commuinity and a normal control group. The participants included elders receiving ambulatory care for depression (n=31; mean age=73, SD=9.3); and normal elders (n=30; mean age=78, SD=5.8). Screening for general cognitive ability and level of depression was done using the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). All participants underwent evaluation using the Large Allen Cognitive Level Test (LACL) (a measure of performance based problem solving); the Problem Solving Verbal Reaction to everyday problematic situations (PSVR); the Sense of Coherence questionnaire (SOC) and the Routine Task Inventory (RTI) (a measure of IADL from the cognitive perspective). Wilcoxon statistical analysis indicated highly significant differences between the two groups for all of the study variables. In the depressive group, significant correlations were found between the components of problem solving (LACL and PSVR) and IADL (r=0.70 and r=0.53), while the SOC did not correlate with IADL in either group. Results of ANCOVA controlling for LACL showed that it has a significant effect (F=13.63, p=0.001); however, beyond it verbal problem solving still has a significant effect on IADL (F=4.77, p=0.02), and SOC in interaction with verbal problem solving was significant (F=3.97, p=0.035). The findings suggest that depression in elderly people is associated with lower functioning in problem solving and IADL function, and lower sense of coherence; hence, attention to these factors should be integral to intervention with elderly people. However, it is recommended that further study be made of the relationships of variables found in this study with the current instruments, and also with additional tools because of confounding effects, in order to further support and validate the findings. As the sample size was small compared with the number of measures, it is important to replicate the study with larger groups to have more power. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Empowerment versus power: consumer participation in mental health services
Authors: Honey Anne 
Published: March 2006

AbstractConsumer participation is regarded as increasingly important in the effective delivery of mental health services and for the empowerment of mental health consumers. In a qualitative study, 17 consumers and 10 occupational therapists discussed their perceptions of consumer participation in mental health services. These included the advantages and benefits of consumer participation, the barriers to participation and how health workers can facilitate participation. The research brought to light an uncertain relationship between empowerment and power. While empowerment was universally considered to be desirable, opinions about the transfer of power were more ambivalent. It is argued that consumers and health workers need to work together to find creative ways of addressing concerns relating to power so that real power can be shared to benefit all consumers. Limitations of the study included the small sample size and the sampling method, which restricted access to potential participants. Further research is suggested into consumer participation and consumer power. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.