bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE ON THE UPTAKE OF 131I BY THE RAT THYROID, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE TRAPPING PROCESS
Authors: Joasoo A. , Murray I. P. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Epinephrine in doses of 1–200 μg/100 g body weight sc decreased the 131I uptake by the rat thyroid gland in a dose-related manner. A minimal effect was observed as long as 16 h after the injection of 100 μg/100 g. The serum total 131I level was initially higher in epinephrine-treated rats, showing that the decreased uptake was not secondary to an effect on extrathyroidal iodide metabolism.
The trapping of 131I was studied by measuring the thyroid/serum ratio in rats in which organification of iodide had been blocked by propyl-thiouracil. The trapping of 99mTcO4− was studied in rats with unblocked glands. Both 131I and 99mTcO4− trapping was decreased by epinephrine (100 μg/100 g sc) to approximately one half–one third of the control value for at least 1 h. It is concluded that the decrease in 131I uptake can be at least partly attributed to decreased trapping, but the more prolonged decrease in 131I uptake cannot be explained on the basis of present data.
THE HORMONE SYNTHESIS OF HYPERFUNCTIONING THYROID NODULES IN EUTHYROID PATIENTS
Authors: Agerbæk Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Among fifty consecutive patients operated on for non-toxic goitre, ten were shown to have solitary, hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules.
Seven days before operation the patients were given a tracerdose of Na125I orally; all had an increased iodine discharge from the thyroid gland and elevated [125I]PBI. Chromatography of the sera revealed 125I peaks corresponding only to the T4 and T3 bands.
Total 1251 concentration ratio nodular/paranodular tissue varied between 11.1 and 0.4 indicating a great variation in metabolic activity in "hot" nodules in the different goitres. The thyroid tissue was chromatographically investigated; the [125I]MIT/DIT ratio of the "hot" nodules was not negatively correlated to the 127I concentration of the tissue as is the case for "cold" adenomata. Significantly more [125I]T4 and [125I]T3 were found in the nodules compared to paranodular tissue.
In contrast to simple non-toxic goitre the [125I]T3/T4 ratio in the "hot" nodules was lower than in paranodular tissue in spite of a lower 127I concentration in the former. Thus the hormone synthesis of "hot" nodules was unrelated to tissue iodine concentration.
EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON TSH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF THYROIDAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT
Authors: Wägar Gustav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Whether the short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH occurs at the transcriptional or the translational level was tested by measuring the effect of actinomycin D (act D) on the TSH-induced stimulation of L-14C-leucine incorporation into the thyroidal proteins of rats. TSH was injected 6 h before the rats were killed. The thyroid glands were then removed and incubated in vitro in the presence of L-14C-leucine for 2 h. The pronounced stimulation of leucine incorporation in the TSH-treated animals was depressed as compared with controls but still significant even when the animals had been pre-treated with 100 μg act D 24 and 7 h before sacrifice. On the other hand, act D strongly decreased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. Short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH appears to be partly but not wholly dependent on neosynthesis of RNA. Hence regulation may partly occur at the translation level of protein synthesis.
GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors: Keymolen-Jardini V. , Mouawad E. , Claeys-De Clercq P. , Van Laer E. , Levin S. , Borkowski A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to evaluate some key metabolic parameters in patients suffering from a traumatic brain contusion with coma. This evaluation was carried out before and during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (iv – GTT) in 6 male patients paired with normal controls Four patients presented a fasting hyperglycaemia and a low K rate of glucose disappearance but the basal level of insulin was normal or high and the insulin response to the glucose load was not significantly impaired. The basal level of plasma growth hormone (HGH) was usually normal but it increased paradoxically during the iv – GTT; 2 patients had a striking hyper-response. Plasma cortisol levels were always elevated. On the other hand no gross or systematic anomaly in the regulation of plasma free fatty acids, acetoacetate and amino nitrogen was detected. The paradoxical HGH response was the only finding which could be specifically attributed to the central neural lesions.
PROGESTERONE IN THE UTERUS
Authors: Egert D. , Maass H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The radioactive substances obtained from subcellular uterine fractions and from plasma were separated and identified by analytical TLC's, chemical reactions and crystallization to constant activity 5 min, 20 min and 3 h after the injection of [1,2-3H]progesterone into oestradiol-primed castrated Wistar rats. It was found that the radioactive progesterone remained unchanged in all uterine fractions during these times. In plasma, metabolites were found 5 min, 20 min and 3 h after injection of labelled progesterone. In these studies radio-metabolites of progesterone could not be observed in the uterus of normal rats under the applied conditions, but only in the plasma.
CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF OESTROGEN DISTRIBUTION IN THE FOETUS AND PLACENTA OF THE DOMESTIC PIG
Authors: Choong C. H. , Raeside J. I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentrations of oestrogens and solvolyzable oestrogen conjugates have been estimated chemically in extracts of different foetal organs and of placental tissues of the domestic pig during late stages of pregnancy. Unconjugated oestrogens were not detected (< 0.5 μg/100 g wet weight of tissues) in foetal adrenals, ovaries and testes, nor in foetal spleen. Oestrogen concentrations were low in foetal heart.
Foetal placenta, maternal placenta and uterine tissues were analyzed separately. There was a higher oestrogen concentration in foetal (176.3 μg/100 g) than in maternal (74.0 μg/100 g) placenta. In placental tissues oestrogens were present mainly as unconjugated steroids while a greater proportion was found as conjugates in uterine tissues. The mean concentrations of unconjugated oestrogens and oestrogen sulphates respectively were 111.9 and 66.5 μg/100 g, for foetal placenta; 57.9 and 16.5 μg/100 g, for maternal placenta; and 3.1 and 7.1 μg/100 g, for uterine tissues. Greater oestrogen concentrations were noted in the foetal placenta and fluids from males than from females; the total oestrogen concentrations for male and female samples respectively were 235.5 and 121.2 μg/100 g, for foetal placenta; and 815.7 and 454.7 μg/100 ml, for foetal fluids. Oestrogens were present mostly as conjugates in various foetal tissues.
The mean oestrogen concentrations for unconjugated and solvolyzable forms respectively were 45.2 and 80.9 μg/100 g, for liver; 26.0 and 42.4 μg/100 g, for kidneys; 14.6 and 38.5 μg/100 g, for lungs; and 10.9 and 29.4 μg/100 g, for skin. Unconjugated oestrogens predominated, however, in intestinal tissues and meconium. Mean concentrations of unconjugated and conjugated oestrogens respectively were 256.1 and 98.2 μg/100 g, for small intestine; 531.8 and 132.1 μg/100 g, for large intestine; and 2152.2 and 137.2 μg/100 g, for meconium.
Oestrone was the major oestrogen found. Lesser amounts of oestradiol-17β were present.
THE EFFECT OF EFFERENT DUCT LIGATION ON THE UPTAKE OF 65Zn BY THE EPIDIDYMIS AND VAS DEFERENS OF RHESUS MONKEYS (MACACA MULATTA)
Authors: Roy S. K. , Setty B. S. , Chandra Harish , Kar Amiya B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake of 65Zn by different segments of the epididymis (caput, proximal corpus, distal corpus and cauda) and vas deferens of rhesus monkeys was investigated. The vas showed maximum accumulation as compared to different parts of the epididymis. Ligation of the efferent ducts of the testis for 90 days resulted in the absence of sperms with a corresponding decrease in 65Zn uptake in the epididymis and vas deferens. The latter, however, continued to show a relatively higher uptake than the epididymis. The significance of these findings is discussed.
RELATION OF TSH CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD TO THE RADIOACTIVE RUBIDIUM 86Rb UPTAKE IN THE THYROID GLAND OF RATS: EVIDENCE OF TSH REGULATORY EFFECT ON THYROID GLAND BLOOD FLOW
Authors: Kapitola J. , Schüllerová M. , Schreiberová O. , Vilimovská D. , Josífko M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To study the relations between thyroid gland blood flow and the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in rats, a graded concentration of endogenous TSH was induced: for a period of 10 days, methylthiouracil was added to the food (Alkiron, Spofa, 0.2%) and in addition, in the respective groups, dried thyroid gland preparation (Thyreoidin, Spofa) in concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05%.
The concentration of TSH was estimated by means of the McKenzie bioassay (results are given in the percentile response index). In addition, the relative weight of the thyroid gland (in mg per 100 g of body weight) was followed and the tissue uptake of radioactive rubidium 86Rb (in % of dose per 1 g of tissue) was recorded as an indicator of changes in the thyroid gland blood flow. The experiment was repeated 3 times in exactly the same way. The course of the changes in groups fed dried thyroid from 0.01 up to 0.05 % was evaluated by means of a regression analysis. Regression lines for the same index (i. e. concentration of TSH, relative weight of the thyroid gland and uptake of 86Rb) in each particular experiment were parallel, i. e. the course of the changes for all 3 repeated experiments was identical. Regression coefficients for all the 3 indices were significantly different from zero. The values for all 3 indices then showed a statistically significant decrease concomitantly with the rising concentration of dried thyroid gland in the food, the course of the changes being very similar. Changes in the uptake of 86Rb in the thyroid gland that are in agreement with changes in the concentration of endogenous TSH are considered as further evidence of a TSH regulatory effect on the thyroid gland blood flow.
DEFECTIVE STEROIDAL SYNTHESIS BY ADRENAL TISSUE: THE CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION CAUSING LOSS OF ACTIVE STEROIDOGENIC ENZYMES
Authors: Williams K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
RNA was isolated from normal human adrenal glands and found to cause the formation of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase and steroid 21-hydroxylase activities by a Krebs II ascites cell-free protein synthesising system. Although no functional steroid 21-hydroxylase in vivo or in vitro was found in a gland from a patient with virilism due to congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia the RNA would still give steroid 21-hydroxylase-like activity in the protein synthesising system which suggests that the inherited defect was not in the structural gene. Activity could not be induced by RNA from a 'non-functioning' adrenocortical tumour or rat liver.
BODY PROPORTIONS AND ANDROGENICITY IN RELATION TO PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Smals A. G. H. , Kloppenborg P. W. C. , Benraad T. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Basal plasma testosterone levels (mean ± sd 290 ± 141 ng/100 ml) (range 72–684 ng/100 ml) in 25 chromatin positive patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (23 XXY, 1 XXYY, 1 XY/XXY) were significantly lower than in 25 age matched controls (mean ± sd 603 ± 169 ng/100 ml). In 11 out of the 25 Klinefelter patients however, plasma testosterone levels were in the normal range and these patients differed significantly from the patients with low testosterone levels with respect to the clinical state of androgenicity. In the group of Klinefelter patients, but not in the controls, a significant negative correlationship was found between plasma testosterone levels and each of the variables: body weight, arm span, length of the lower body segment and the ratio's lower/upper and span/upper body segment.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE (TRH)
Authors: Visser T. J. , Docter R. , Hennemann G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Immunization of rabbits with a conjugate in which L-pGlu-L-His-L-Pro-NH2 (TRH) at the amide side has been coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) yielded anti-TRH antibody which was detected by reaction of diluted antiserum with 3H-TRH.
A double antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed in which 100 pg unlabelled TRH could be detected.
Several analogues tested showed that only pGlu-His-Pro-OMe possessed comparable reactivity, while all the other compounds exhibited very little activity in the assay.
EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH) ON THE RELEASE OF GONADOTROPHINS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. VI. RELATIONS TO AGE, SEX AND PUBERTY
Authors: Gamier Philippe E. , Chaussain Jean-Louis , Binet Elisabeth , Schlumberger Ariane , Job Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma gonadotrophins (LH and FSH) were radio-immunoassayed before and after injection of 0.1 mg/m2 of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in infants 1 to 12 months old, prepubertal children aged more than 12 months, and pubertal subjects of both sexes. The pubertal changes of gonadotrophins include a highly significant increase of LH pituitary mobilizable reserve in both sexes, while the FSH reserve shows a significant decrease in females and no significant variation in males. From the first year of life up to childhood, the basal blood levels of FSH and LH decrease significantly in girls but do not vary in boys, while the FSH reserve decreases significantly in girls and increases significantly in boys, the LH reserve showing a non-significant decrease in both sexes. In the first year of life, girls show a very significantly higher FSH secretion and reserve than boys, while boys have a significantly higher LH reserve than girls. After the end of the first year up to the onset of puberty, the FSH reserve remains significantly higher in girls than in boys. The interpretation of these facts is discussed.
THE PRESENCE OF PEPTIDASES IN THE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS INACTIVATING LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH)
Authors: Griffiths E. C. , Hooper K. C. , Jeffcoate S. L. , Holland D. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The presence of peptidases in the rat hypothalamus inactivating luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) has previously been demonstrated using an indirect assay method. With the development of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for the releasing hormone, this technique was employed in the study of the peptidases inactivating LH-RH. It was found that supernatant fractions from both male and female rat hypothalami rapidly inactivated LH-RH, and that the peptidase activity of the supernatant fraction was higher in male than in female animals though the particulate fraction's activity was about the same in both sexes. Peptidase activity was also considerably greater in the supernatant than in the particulate fraction. These results confirm that the hypothalamus contains peptidases capable of inactivating LH-RH and give a direct indication that the enzymes may be involved in the central nervous system's control of reproductive function.
CALCIUM AND STIMULUS-SECRETION COUPLING IN THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS
Authors: Russell J. T. , Hansen E. L. , Thorn N. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Isolated halved rat neurohypophyses were incubated in a calcium-free medium with the Ca2+ ionophore A-23187 (2×10−5m/1). When calcium was added to the medium, a marked increase of vasopressin release occurred. Addition of ionophore to the medium caused an increased efflux of 45Ca2+ with which the tissue had been labelled previously.
TRANSSPHENOIDAL SUBTOTAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF ACROMEGALY
Authors: Bøhmer Thomas , Berdal Peter , Haugen Harry N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twentythree patients with acromegaly have been treated with transsphenoidal subtotal hypophysectomy, median observation time being 36 months.
All the patients had an immediate relief of tissue pressure and oedema. Sixteen patients (70%) showed a complete recovery with regression of clinical symptoms and reduction of fasting growth hormone levels to normal levels (≤ 6 ng/ml). Three patients had a temporary improvement post-operatively with normal growth hormone levels which again slowly increased. Four patients had an incomplete improvement and a reduction in growth hormone levels to < 50 ng/ml.
There was no serious complication. One patient showed post-operatively a partial visual defect which was normalized on re-operation.
EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE, 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE AND OESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON SERUM LEVELS OF LH AND FSH IN THE CASTRATED ADULT MALE RAT
Authors: Verjans H. L. , Eik-Nes K. B. , Aafjes J. H. , Vels F. J. M. , van der Molen H. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of treatment with various doses of testosterone propionate, 5α-dihydrotestosterone propionate or oestradiol benzoate on serum levels of LH and FSH (measured by radioimmunoassay) and on weights of ventral prostates and seminal vesicles was investigated in castrated, adult, male rats. For depression of the high, castrate levels of serum gonadotrophins with either of these steroid esters, the inhibition curves were different for LH and for FSH. Serum LH was kept at levels encountered in intact, adult, male rats by lower doses of steroid ester than was serum FSH. Oestradiol benzoate was the most potent suppressor of the serum gonadotrophins among the steroid esters tested, testosterone propionate the least. Treatment with low doses of oestradiol benzoate, however, resulted in serum FSH levels significantly above those of castrates treated with vehicle only. Finally, administration of a synthetic LH-releasing factor to testosterone propionate, 5α-dihydrotestosterone propionate or oestradiol benzoate treated, castrated, adult, male rats resulted in a further release of both LH and FSH. The latter effect was more pronounced in oestradiol benzoate treated castrates than in testosterone propionate or 5α-dihydrotestosterone propionate treated castrates.
CALCIUM AND STIMULUS-SECRETION COUPLING IN THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS
Authors: Russell J. T. , Warberg J. , Thorn N. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Groups of isolated hemilobes of rat neurohypophyses were incubated in a medium. When N-ethylmaleimide (1 or 10 mm) was added to the medium for 10 min a prolonged increase in vasopressin release occurred. This was correlated in time with an increase in efflux of 45Ca2+ with which the tissue had been labelled previously. When the hemilobes were labelled with 45Ca2+ in the presence of 10 mm NEM a much faster washout of the isotope than in control experiments was seen. It is suggested that NEM interferes with processes that normally keep the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ in the nerve endings at a low value.
PLASMA GLUCOSE, INSULIN AND FREE FATTY ACIDS DURING LONG-TERM CORTICOSTEROID TREATMENT IN CHILDREN
Authors: Gács Gábor , Berend Katalin 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment on glucose-insulin-free fatty acid interrelationships was studied in 25 children. The fasting blood glucose level and glucose tolerance after oral glucose administration were normal in all cases. The mean plasma insulin concentration on the other hand was significantly higher during the glucose tolerance tests. Free fatty acid levels were moderately lower in the fasting plasma and significantly lower 30 min after glucose administration. This shift in the balance between the changes studied may contribute to the fat deposition often seen during corticosteroid treatment. There was no correlation between the actual dose of the drug and the insulin levels. Children – even if treated with corticosteroids for years – are able to maintain a normal glucose tolerance as a result of a continuous elevated insulin level. Arginine stimulation also resulted in a trend to higher insulin levels in the corticosteroid treated group but the difference from the normal was much smaller than after glucose administration.
THE EFFECT OF OESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE, FSH AND LH LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME AND NORMAL MEN
Authors: Smals A. G. H. , Kloppenborg P. W. C. , Lequin R. M. , Benraad Th. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 6 eugonadal males and 6 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome the effect of increasing amounts of ethinyloestradiol (EE) (15, 30 and 150 μg daily for 7 days) on plasma levels of LH, FSH and testosterone was studied. Control levels of LH and FSH in the Klinefelter patients were significantly higher than in the normal males, whereas plasma testosterone levels were significantly lower. In 3 of the 6 Klinefelter patients plasma gonadotrophin levels were clearly elevated despite normal plasma testosterone concentrations. After EE administration a dose-dependent decrease of plasma FSH and testosterone levels was observed in both the control subjects and the Klinefelter patients, whereas the LH decrease was dose-dependent in the Klinefelter patients, but not however, in the eugonadal males. Despite significant testosterone suppression plasma LH and FSH levels in the Klinefelter patients remained supranormal when compared with the levels of the control subjects. Amounts of EE, roughly equivalent to the physiological oestrogen production (15 μg of EE daily) in men, decreased plasma LH and testosterone levels in the normal males, not however, in the Klinefelter patients. The suppression of plasma testosterone by EE in both the normal subjects and the Klinefelter patients could readily be overcome by exogenous gonadotrophin administration, favouring the concept that the EE induced testosterone decrease is predominantly gonadotrophin mediated. It is concluded that small amounts of oestrogens play a role in the pituitary-gonadal axis in normal males. Although higher doses are needed to modulate this axis in Klinefelter's syndrome, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal feedback in this disorder is still operative, though at a higher setting.
THE UPTAKE OF CERTAIN STEROID HORMONES BY INTACT HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES THE INFLUENCE OF HAEMOGLOBIN GENOTYPE
Authors: Sogbesan A. O. , Adadevoh B. Kwaku , Dada O. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The steroid uptake by intact erythrocytes of different haemoglobin genotypes - Hb-AA, Hb-AS and Hb-SS was studied. Erythrocytes of all genotypes demonstrated a large capacity for the uptake of steroids. There was no significant difference in the uptake of cortisol1), androstenedione and oestrone by the erythrocytes of the different haemoglobin genotypes studied. The Hb-SS erythrocytes, however, retained significantly greater amounts of testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone as compared with Hb-AA erythrocytes. Since, however, except for oestradiol, the reversal of the sickling phenomenon in Hb-SS disease has been reported for these steroids, their enhanced uptake may play a role in this phenomenon.