bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational exposure to pesticides and lymphoid neoplasms among men: results of a French case-control study
Authors: Orsi L , Delabre L , Monnereau A , Delval P , Berthou C , Fenaux P , Marit G , Soubeyran P , Huguet F , Milpied N , Leporrier M , Hemon D , Troussard X , Clavel J 
Published: November 2008

Objectives:Investigating the relationship between occupational exposure to pesticides and the risk of lymphoid neoplasms (LNs) in men.Methods:A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in six centres in France between 2000 and 2004. The cases were incident cases with a diagnosis of LN aged 18–75 years. During the same period, controls of the same age and sex as the cases were recruited in the same hospital, mainly in the orthopaedic and rheumatological departments. Exposures to pesticides were evaluated through specific interviews and case-by-case expert reviews. Four hundred and ninety-one cases (244 cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), 87 of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), 104 of lymphoproliferative syndromes (LPSs) and 56 of multiple myeloma (MM) cases) and 456 controls were included in the analyses. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI were estimated using unconditional logistic regressions.Results:Positive associations between HL and occupational exposure to triazole fungicides and urea herbicides were observed (OR = 8.4 (2.2 to 32.4), 10.8 (2.4 to 48.1), respectively). Exposure to insecticides, fungicides and herbicides were linked to a threefold increase in MM risk (OR = 2.8 (1.2 to 6.5), 3.2 (1.4 to 7.2), 2.9 (1.3 to 6.5)). For LPS subtypes, associations restricted to hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) were evidenced for exposure to organochlorine insecticides, phenoxy herbicides and triazine herbicides (OR = 4.9 (1.1 to 21.2), 4.1 (1.1 to 15.5), 5.1 (1.4 to 19.3)), although based on small numbers. Lastly, despite the increased ORs for organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides, carbamate fungicides and triazine herbicides, no significant associations were evidenced for NHL.Conclusions:The results, based on case-by-case expert review of occupation-specific questionnaires, support the hypothesis that occupational pesticide exposures may be involved in HL, MM and HCL and do not rule out a role in NHL. The analyses identified specific pesticides that deserve further investigation and the findings were consistent with those of previous studies.
Which tools best predict the incidence of work-related sensitisation and symptoms
Authors: Suarthana E , Malo J-L , Heederik D , Ghezzo H , L’Archevêque J , Gautrin D 
Published: November 2008

Background/aim:This study used information from the questionnaire alone or in conjunction with clinical tests, such as skin-prick testing (SPT) and bronchial responsiveness (BR) testing at entry, to develop models for estimating the probability of the occurrence of specific IgE-sensitisation to and respiratory symptoms in contact with laboratory animal (LA) allergens after 32 months’ training in an animal health technology programme.Methods:Four multivariable logistic regression models were developed for each endpoint, consisting of: (1) questionnaire; (2) questionnaire and SPT; (3) questionnaire and BR testing; and (4) questionnaire, SPT and BR testing. The prognostic models were derived from a cohort of Canadian animal health technology apprentices. The models’ internal validity and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated and compared.Results:Symptoms indicative of asthma and allergic symptoms at baseline composed the final questionnaire model for the occurrence of occupational sensitisation and symptoms. Both questionnaire models showed a good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve were 0.73 and 0.78, respectively) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test p value >0.10). Addition of SPT and/or BR testing increased the specificity of the questionnaire model for LA sensitisation, but not for symptoms at work. To facilitate their application in practice, the final questionnaire models were converted to easy-to-use scoring system.Conclusions:Questionnaire is an easy tool that can give accurate prediction of the incidence of occupational sensitisation and symptoms.
Risks for the development of outcomes related to occupational allergies: an application of the asthma-specific job exposure matrix compared with self-reports and investigator scores on job-training-related exposure
Authors: Suarthana E , Heederik D , Ghezzo H , Malo J-L , Kennedy S M , Gautrin D 
Published: November 2008

Background and aim:Risks for development of occupational sensitisation, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, rhinoconjunctival and chest symptoms at work associated with continued exposure to high molecular weight (HMW) allergens were estimated with three exposure assessment methods.Methods:A Cox regression analysis with adjustment for atopy and smoking habit was carried out in 408 apprentices in animal health technology, pastry making, and dental hygiene technology with an 8-year follow-up after training. The risk of continued exposure after training, estimated by the asthma-specific job exposure matrix (JEM), was compared with self-reports and investigator scores on job-training-related exposure. Associations between outcomes and work duration in job(s) related to training were also evaluated.Results:Exposure to animal-derived HMW allergens, subsequent to the apprenticeship period, as estimated by the JEM, was associated with a significantly increased risk for occupational sensitisation (hazard ratio (HR) 6.4; 95% CI 2.3 to 18.2) and rhinoconjunctival symptoms at work (HR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 6.2). Exposure to low molecular weight (LMW) agents significantly increased the risk of developing bronchial hyper-responsiveness (HR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 5.4). Exposure verification appeared to be important to optimise the sensitivity and the specificity, as well as HRs produced by the JEM. Self-reports and investigator scores also indicated that further exposure to HMW allergens increased the risk of developing occupational allergies. The agreement between self-reports, investigator scores, and the JEM were moderate to good. There was no significant association between respiratory outcomes and work duration in jobs related to training.Conclusion:The asthma-specific JEM could estimate the risk of various outcomes of occupational allergies associated with exposure to HMW and LMW allergens, but it is relatively labour intensive. Exposure verification is an important integrated step in the JEM that optimised the performance of the matrix.
The joint association of air pollution and noise from road traffic with cardiovascular mortality in a cohort study
Authors: Beelen R , Hoek G , Houthuijs D , van den Brandt P A , Goldbohm R A , Fischer P , Schouten L J , Armstrong B , Brunekreef B 
Published: November 2008

Objectives:Associations between cardiovascular mortality and air pollution and noise together were investigated.Methods:Data from the ongoing Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer (120 852 subjects; follow-up 1987–1996) were used. Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted for the association between cardiovascular mortality and exposure to black smoke, traffic intensity on the nearest road and road traffic noise at the home address.Results:The correlations between traffic noise and background black smoke, and traffic intensity on the nearest road were moderate at 0.24 and 0.30, respectively. Traffic intensity was associated with cardiovascular mortality, with highest relative risk (95% confidence interval) for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality being 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20) (increment 10 000 motor vehicles/24 h). Relative risks for black smoke concentrations were elevated for cerebrovascular (1.39 (0.99 to 1.94)) and heart failure mortality (1.75 (1.00 to 3.05)) (increment 10 μg/m3). These associations were insensitive to adjustment for traffic noise. There was an excess of cardiovascular mortality in the highest noise category (>65 dB(A)), with elevated risks for IHD (1.15 (0.86 to 1.53)) and heart failure mortality (1.99 (1.05 to 3.79)). After adjustment for black smoke and traffic intensity, noise risk reduced to unity for IHD mortality and was slightly reduced for heart failure mortality.Conclusions:Associations between black smoke concentrations and traffic intensity on the nearest road with specific cardiovascular causes of death were not explained by traffic noise in this study.
ON STANDARD FORMS OF 1-DOMINATIONS BETWEEN KNOTS WITH SAME GROMOV VOLUMES
Authors: BOILEAU MICHEL , NI YI , WANG SHICHENG 
Published: November 2008

Let k and k′ be two knots in the 3-sphere. Say k 1-dominates k′, if there is a proper degree 1 map f: E(k) → E(k′). Theorem: Suppose that any companion of k is prime. If k 1-dominates k′ with the same Gromov volume, then k′ can be obtained from k by finitely many de-satellizations. The condition of "same Gromov volume" clearly cannot be removed. We also give a new construction of 1-domination between knots with the same Gromov volume to show that the condition "any companion of k is prime" cannot be removed.
VIRTUAL BRIDGE NUMBER ONE KNOTS
Authors: BYBERI EVARIST , CHERNOV (TCHERNOV) VLADIMIR 
Published: November 2008

We define the virtual bridge number vb (K) and the virtual unknotting number vu (K) invariants for virtual knots. For ordinary knots K they are closely related to the bridge number b(K) and the unknotting number u(K) and we have vu (K) ≤ u(K), vb(K) ≤ b(K). There are no ordinary knots K with b(K) = 1. We show there are infinitely many homotopy classes of virtual knots each of which contains infinitely many isotopy classes of K with vb (K) = 1. In fact for each i ∈ ℕ there exists K virtually homotopic (but not virtually isotopic) to the unknot with vb (K) = 1 and vu (K) = i.
ON EXOTIC MODULAR TENSOR CATEGORIES
Authors: HONG SEUNG-MOON , ROWELL ERIC , WANG ZHENGHAN 
Published: November 2008

It has been conjectured that every (2 + 1)-TQFT is a Chern-Simons-Witten (CSW) theory labeled by a pair (G, λ), where G is a compact Lie group, and λ ∈ H4(BG; ℤ) a cohomology class. We study two TQFTs constructed from Jones' subfactor theory which are believed to be counterexamples to this conjecture: one is the quantum double of the even sectors of the E6subfactor, and the other is the quantum double of the even sectors of the Haagerup subfactor. We cannot prove mathematically that the two TQFTs are indeed counterexamples because CSW TQFTs, while physically defined, are not yet mathematically constructed for every pair (G, λ). The cases that are constructed mathematically include: (1) G is a finite group — the Dijkgraaf-Witten TQFTs; (2) G is torus Tn; (3) G is a connected semi-simple Lie group — the Reshetikhin-Turaev TQFTs.We prove that the two TQFTs are not among those mathematically constructed TQFTs or their direct products. Both TQFTs are of the Turaev-Viro type: quantum doubles of spherical tensor categories. We further prove that neither TQFT is a quantum double of a braided fusion category, and give evidence that neither is an orbifold or coset of TQFTs above. Moreover, representation of the braid groups from the half E6TQFT can be used to build universal topological quantum computers, and the same is expected for the Haagerup case.
Zur Bedingungsdogmatik im klassischen römischen Recht und zu ihren Grundlagen in der stoischen Logik
Authors: Armgardt Matthias 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The doctrine on conditions in classical Roman law and its foundations in Stoic logics. – Juan Miquel established in 1970 that the Roman jurists Proculus, Scaevola and Julian had used techniques of the Stoic logics in order to solve legal problems. In the present article, Miquel's main results are first summarized in terms of modern symbolism. The subsequent argument is that G.W. Leibniz interpreted the same sources equivalently. Finally, an analysis of the logical relationship between condition and conditionatum shows that that relationship must not be characterised as implication but as equivalence, a concept familiar to the Stoic logicians.
Codification of late Roman inheritance law: fideicommissa and the Theodosian Code
Authors: Tate Joshua C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIt has long been known that most of the private law content of the Theodosian Code has not been preserved independently of the Lex Romana Visigothorum. Certain constitutions, not contained in the LRV but dating to the period covered by the CT, have survived in the Code of Justinian. This article discusses this problem with respect to a particular topic: fideicommissa. The article discusses whether a particular constitution, CJ 6.37.21, might have been included in the CT, either as part of a general rubric concerning inheritance or as part of a separate rubric on fideicommissa, and concludes by suggesting what the constitution might have looked like had it been under a separate heading.
La logique de la preuve dans la littérature bartoliste Quelques explications à partir de la Summa circa testes et examinationem eorum (Ms. Bruxelles, B.R., II 1442, fol. 101 ra – 103 rb)
Authors: Mausen Yves 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The logic of evidence in Bartolistic literature, A reading of the Summa circa testes et examinationem eorum (Ms. Bruxelles, B.R., II 1442, fol.101 ra – 103 rb). – Bartolus teaches how to read testimonies from a logical point of view. On the one hand, the facts that the witness recounts constitute the minor premise of a syllogism, its conclusion being their legal characterization; therefore he is prohibited from pronouncing directly on any legal matter. On the other hand, given that the witness' knowledge of the facts has to stem from sensory perception, the information he provides has at least to constitute the minor premise of another syllogism, making for establishing the causa of his testimony.
Designing the limits of creditworthiness Insolvency in Antwerp bankruptcy legislation and practice (16th–17th centuries)
Authors: De ruysscher Dave 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn 1516 and 1518, the Antwerp City Council introduced a collective system of debt recovery, which broke with the tradition of priority for the first seizing claimant. This view resulted in a legal framework, which was based on the concept of publicly known insolvency. Because of the vague legal definitions in the 1582 and 1608 customary law compilations, the position of pursuing creditors was strengthened. Although these rules weren't successful, they demonstrate an early intention to draw the line between criminal bankruptcy, persisting insolvency and temporary payment problems.
L'exécuteur des sentences criminelles en France au dernier siècle de l'Ancien Régime
Authors: Renucci Florence 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The executioner in France in the last century of the Ancien Régime. – In the eighteenth century, many executioners were granted letters of provision and became officers of the Crown. The value of their office may have been modest, but their earnings were certainly not negligible. One of their sources of income, the droit de havage, was particularly profitable in some cities, although it was eventually reduced as a result of protests from the merchants' communities and through interventions of the local authorities and the central government. Although both legal doctrine and the population at large considered that the office of executioner was tainted by infamy, the latter maintained an ambiguous attitude towards executioners, who were associated with healing powers. In some cases, executioners, confronted with negative prejudices, sought remedies in law in order to protect their honour, freedom and interests.
The Physiological Effects of Short-term Smoking Cessation in Claudicants
Authors: Dickinson K. J. , Cockbain A.J. , MacDonald W. , Shah M. , Homer-Vanniasinkam S. 
Published: November 2008

Introduction Smoking contributes to atherosclerosis and causes significant postoperative morbidity. New antismoking law forces short-term pre-operative abstinence. Demonstrable clinical benefit might motivate complete cessation. Our aim was to determine the effects of 24-hr smoking cessation on cardiorespiratory function and claudication distance. Methods Smoking claudicants were randomized to 24hr smoking or abstinence. Following these separate periods, cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed. Pre- and post-exercise, serum lactate and ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) were measured. During exercise, cardiorespiratory function, initial and absolute claudication (IC, AC) distances and visual analogue scores (VAS) of pain were recorded. Results 16 patients completed both tests. IC, AC and VAS were unchanged with abstinence ( P = .43, .66, .96, .83). ABPI drop post-exercise was unchanged with abstinence ( P = .08, .09). Cardiorespiratory function was not affected by smoking cessation. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory function and claudication symptoms are unchanged following 24-hr smoking cessation., No deterioration in respiratory function is important when considering anaesthetic administration. However, lack of symptomatic improvement may discourage patients from abstaining. Further investigation should determine correlation between short-term abstinence and postoperative morbidity.
Gender-specific Effects of Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide and Substance P on Coronary Blood Flow in an Experimental Model
Authors: Hongbao Ma , Yan Yang , Shen Cherng 
Published: November 2008

BackgroundCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) play counter-regulatory roles in coronary flow. This study is to assess whether effects of CGRP and SP are gender-specific.MethodsLangendorff-perfused hearts were used to compare coronary flow rates among 119 wild-type, α-CGRP and SP receptor knockout mice under various perfusion pressures (20, 30, 40, 50 mmHg).ResultsFor mouse heart coronary flow rate, deletion of α-CGRP gene resulted in significant reduction for both genders at all pressures; female CGRP knockout showed 15.3% reduction ( P < .01); male CGRP knockout showed 13.8% reduction ( P < .01); no significant difference between male and female CGRP knockout; female SP receptor knockout showed 13.9% increase ( P < .01); female SP receptor knockout had a greater percentage decrease than male ( P < .01).ConclusionsCGRP plays similar roles as a vasodilator in males and females. SP seems to act as a vasoconstrictor in females.
Plasma Total Antioxidant Activity in Comparison with Plasma NO and VEGF Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Barylski Marcin , Kowalczyk Edward , Banach Maciej , Ciećwierz Julita , Pawlicki Lucjan , Kowalski Jan 
Published: November 2008

Introduction The aim of our study was to estimate plasma antioxidant activity as well as plasma nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with metabolic syndrome compared with healthy participants. Material and Methods Fifty patients (24 women and 26 men, mean age 55.9 ± 11.8 years) with metabolic syndrome were compared with 25 healthy participants (12 women and 13 men, mean age 54.2 ± 12.8 years). Plasma total antioxidant activity and plasma levels of NO and VEGF were determined in all participants. Results In the patients with metabolic syndrome, plasma total antioxidant activity, nitric oxide, and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly lower ( P < .001) than that observed in healthy participants (3.2 ± 1.6 vs 6.4 ± 2.1 mM/L), (6.3 ± 2.2 vs 9.8 ± 2.7 μM/L), and 71.0 ± 16.9 vs 137.5 ± 12.6 pg/mL), respectively. Conclusions Decreased plasma total antioxidant activity, NO, and VEGF levels in patients with metabolic syndrome reflect significant endothelial dysfunction. This suggests that oxidation–reduction balance disorders might play an important role in this process
Color of Money as Compared to Color of Principals: An Assessment of Pay for Male Elementary School Principals Varying in Surname (Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic)
Authors: Young I. Phillip , Castaneda Jose M. 
Published: November 2008

Background: Pay is an important human resource function that has attracted considerable interest within the professional literature and this study addresses pay discrimination. Purpose(s): To address pay for a particular protected group unaddressed in existing literature (Hispanic-surnamed principals). Setting: The setting for this study is public school districts located in the state of California. Subjects: All-male public school elementary principals served as potential participants. Interventions: Different models for pay discrimination are explored in this study. Research Design: A randomized group design involving a single independent variable (surname of principals) is used in this study. Data Collection: Within this study, data are obtained from an archival source and through self-reported measures. Findings: A regression analysis indicates that pay discrimination is a multifaceted concept that must consider not only protected status of individuals along with traditional control variables (organizational and human capital endowments) but the interaction of these effects on pay outcomes when assessing pay discrimination. Conclusions: By examining pay from a main effect as well as from an interaction effect, a new definition for pay discrimination is provided, and specific methodological advancements are suggested.
Targeting PKC: a novel role for beta-catenin in ER stress and apoptotic signaling
Authors: Raab Marc S. , Breitkreutz Iris , Tonon Giovanni , Zhang Jing , Hayden Patrick J. , Nguyen Thu , Fruehauf Johannes H. , Lin Boris K. , Chauhan Dharminder , Hideshima Teru , Munshi Nikhil C. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Podar Klaus 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTargeting protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms by the small molecule inhibitor enzastaurin has shown promising preclinical activity in a wide range of tumor cells. We further delineated its mechanism of action in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and found a novel role of β-catenin in regulating growth and survival of tumor cells. Specifically, inhibition of PKC leads to rapid accumulation of β-catenin by preventing the phosphorylation required for its proteasomal degradation. Microarray analysis and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated gene silencing in MM cells revealed that accumulated β-catenin activates early endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling via eIF2α, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and p21, leading to immediate growth inhibition. Furthermore, accumulated β-catenin contributes to enzastaurin-induced cell death. Sequential knockdown of β-catenin, c-Jun, and p73, as well as overexpression of β-catenin or p73 confirmed that accumulated β-catenin triggers c-Jun–dependent induction of p73, thereby conferring MM cell apoptosis. Our data reveal a novel role of β-catenin in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated growth inhibition and a new proapoptotic mechanism triggered by β-catenin on inhibition of PKC isoforms. Moreover, we identify p73 as a potential novel therapeutic target in MM. Based on these and previous data, enzastaurin is currently under clinical investigation in a variety of hematologic malignancies, including MM.