bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naringenin restricts the colonization and growth of Ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco mutant KCB-1
Authors: Shi Haoqi , Jiang Jiale , Yu Wen , Cheng Yazhi , Wu Shengxin , Zong Hao , Wang Xiaoqiang , Ding Anming , Wang Weifeng , Sun Yuhe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bacterial wilt severely jeopardizes plant growth and causes enormous economic loss in the production of many crops, including tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Here, we first demonstrated that the roots of bacterial wilt-resistant tobacco mutant KCB-1 can limit the growth and reproduction of Ralstonia solanacearum. Secondly, we demonstrated that KCB-1 specifically induced an upregulation of naringenin content in root metabolites and root secretions. Further experiments showed that naringenin can disrupt the structure of R. solanacearum, inhibit the growth and reproduction of R. solanacearum, and exert a controlling effect on bacterial wilt. Exogenous naringenin application activated the resistance response in tobacco by inducing the burst of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid deposition, leading to transcriptional reprogramming in tobacco roots. Additionally, both external application of naringenin in CB-1 and overexpression of the Nicotiana tabacum chalcone isomerase (NtCHI) gene, which regulates naringenin biosynthesis, in CB-1 resulted in a higher complexity of their inter-root bacterial communities than in untreated CB-1. Further analysis showed that naringenin could be used as a marker for resistant tobacco. The present study provides a reference for analyzing the resistance mechanism of bacterial wilt-resistant tobacco and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt.
LIKE EARLY STARVATION 1 interacts with amylopectin during starch biosynthesis
Authors: Osman Rayan , Bossu Mélanie , Dauvillée David , Spriet Corentin , Liu Chun , Zeeman Samuel C , D’Hulst Christophe , Bompard Coralie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Starch is the major energy storage compound in plants. Both transient starch and long-lasting storage starch accumulate in the form of insoluble, partly crystalline granules. The structure of these granules is related to the structure of the branched polymer amylopectin: linear chains of glucose units organized in double helices that align to form semicrystalline lamellae, with branching points located in amorphous regions between them. EARLY STARVATION 1 (ESV1) and LIKE EARLY STARVATION 1 (LESV) proteins are involved in the maintenance of starch granule structure and in the phase transition of amylopectin, respectively, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These proteins contain a conserved tryptophan-rich C-terminal domain folded into an antiparallel β-sheet, likely responsible for binding of the proteins to starch, and different N-terminal domains whose structure and function are unknown. In this work, we combined biochemical and biophysical approaches to analyze the structures of LESV and ESV1 and their interactions with the different starch polyglucans. We determined that both proteins interact with amylopectin but not with amylose and that only LESV is capable of interacting with amylopectin during starch biosynthesis. While the C-terminal domain interacts with amylopectin in its semicrystalline form, the N-terminal domain of LESV undergoes induced conformational changes that are probably involved in its specific function of mediating glucan phase transition. These results clarify the specific mechanism of action of these 2 proteins in the biosynthesis of starch granules.
Comparison of transcriptomic profiles between HFPO-DA and prototypical PPARα, PPARγ, and cytotoxic agents in mouse, rat, and pooled human hepatocytes
Authors: Heintz Melissa M , Klaren William D , East Alexander W , Haws Laurie C , McGreal Steven R , Campbell Rebecca R , Thompson Chad M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Like many per- or polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), toxicity studies with HFPO-DA (ammonium, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate), a short-chain PFAS used in the manufacture of some types of fluorinated polymers, indicate that the liver is the primary target of toxicity in rodents following oral exposure. Although the current weight of evidence supports the PPARα mode of action (MOA) for liver effects in HFPO-DA-exposed mice, alternate MOAs have also been hypothesized including PPARγ or cytotoxicity. To further evaluate the MOA for HFPO-DA in rodent liver, transcriptomic analyses were conducted on samples from primary mouse, rat, and pooled human hepatocytes treated for 12, 24, or 72 h with various concentrations of HFPO-DA, or agonists of PPARα (GW7647), PPARγ (rosiglitazone), or cytotoxic agents (ie, acetaminophen or d-galactosamine). Concordance analyses of enriched pathways across chemicals within each species demonstrated the greatest concordance between HFPO-DA and PPARα agonist GW7647-treated hepatocytes compared with the other chemicals evaluated. These findings were supported by benchmark concentration modeling and predicted upstream regulator results. In addition, transcriptomic analyses across species demonstrated a greater transcriptomic response in rodent hepatocytes treated with HFPO-DA or agonists of PPARα or PPARγ, indicating rodent hepatocytes are more sensitive to HFPO-DA or PPARα/γ agonist treatment. These results are consistent with previously published transcriptomic analyses and further support that liver effects in HFPO-DA-exposed rodents are mediated through rodent-specific PPARα signaling mechanisms as part of the MOA for PPARα activator-induced rodent hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, effects observed in mouse liver are not appropriate endpoints for toxicity value development for HFPO-DA in human health risk assessment.
Chronic pain in pediatric patients: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and mitigation strategies
Authors: Rodriguez-Restrepo Andrea , AuBuchon Jacob D. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
To provide an updated summary on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies of chronic pain in pediatric patients and its differences with chronic pain in adults.

Recent findings
Chronic pain in children is common, can be debilitating and can progress into adulthood, thus it requires an interdisciplinary evaluation and management. Targeting interdisciplinary care, including psychology, physical, and/or occupational therapy, has been shown to improve pain and function. Recent decline in mental health post pandemic has correlated with increase in pediatric chronic pain thus the need to identify patients at risk and offer early interdisciplinary treatment.

Summary
Chronic pediatric pain should be addressed under the biopsychosocial model, where the biological, psychological, and social factors are evaluated on how they influence the pain perception, pain experience, functional ability, and treatment focus. Pain education to patients and their families is the crucial initial step towards a functional rehabilitation of pain.
Obesity and anesthesia
Authors: Arora Lovkesh , Sharma Surangama , Carillo James F. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Surgical procedures on obese patients are dramatically increasing worldwide over the past few years. In this review, we discuss the physiopathology of predominantly respiratory system in obese patients, the importance of preoperative evaluation, preoxygenation and intraoperative positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration to prevent pulmonary complications and the optimization of airway management and oxygenation to reduce or prevent postoperative respiratory complications.

Recent findings
Many patients are coming to preoperative clinic with medication history of glucagon-like-peptide 1 agonists (GLP-1) agonists and it has raised many questions regarding Nil Per Os (NPO)/perioperative fasting guidelines due to delayed gastric emptying caused by these medications. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has come up with guiding document to help with such situations. Ambulatory surgery centers are doing more obesity cases in a safe manner which were deemed unsafe at one point. Quantitative train of four (TOF) monitoring, better neuromuscular reversal agents and gastric ultrasounds seemed to have made a significant impact in the care of obese patients in the perioperative period.

Summary
Obese patients are at higher risk of perioperative complications, mainly associated with those related to the respiratory function. An appropriate preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management, and postoperative support and monitoring is essential to improve outcome and increase the safety of the surgical procedure.
Patient Location and Disparities in Access to Fertility Preservation for Women With Gynecologic or Breast Cancer
Authors: Kanbergs Alexa , Jorgensen Kirsten , Agusti Nuria , Viveros-Carreño David , Wu Chi-Fang , Nitecki Roni , Harris John A. , Woodard Terri , Ramphul Ryan , Rauh-Hain Jose Alejandro 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effect of geographic factors on fertility-sparing treatment or assisted reproductive technology (ART) utilization among women with gynecologic or breast cancers.

METHODS:
We conducted a cohort study of reproductive-aged patients (18–45 years) with early-stage cervical, endometrial, or ovarian cancer or stage I–III breast cancer diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2015 using linked data from the California Cancer Registry, the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, and the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between distance from fertility and gynecologic oncology clinics, as well as California Healthy Places Index score (a Census-level composite community health score), and ART or fertility-sparing treatment receipt.

RESULTS:
We identified 7,612 women with gynecologic cancer and 35,992 women with breast cancer. Among all patients, 257 (0.6%) underwent ART. Among patients with gynecologic cancer, 1,676 (22.0%) underwent fertility-sparing treatment. Stratified by quartiles, residents who lived at increasing distances from gynecologic oncology or fertility clinics had decreased odds of undergoing fertility-sparing treatment (gynecologic oncology clinics: Q2, odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% CI, 0.63–0.93, P=.007; Q4, OR 0.72, 95% CI, 0.56–0.94, P=.016) (fertility clinics: Q3, OR 0.79, 95% CI, 0.65–0.97, P=.025; Q4, OR 0.67, 95% CI, 0.52–0.88, P=.004), whereas this relationship was not observed among women who resided within other quartiles (gynecologic oncology clinics: Q3, OR 0.81 95% CI, 0.65–1.01, P=.07; fertility clinics: Q2, OR 0.87 95% CI, 0.73–1.05, P=.15). Individuals who lived in communities with the highest (51st–100th percentile) California Healthy Places Index scores had greater odds of undergoing fertility-sparing treatment (OR 1.29, 95% CI, 1.06–1.57, P=.01; OR 1.66, 95% CI, 1.35–2.04, P=.001, respectively). The relationship between California Healthy Places Index scores and ART was even more pronounced (Q2 OR 1.9, 95% CI, 0.99–3.64, P=.05; Q3 OR 2.86, 95% CI, 1.54–5.33, P<.001; Q4 OR 3.41, 95% CI, 1.83–6.35, P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
Geographic disparities affect fertility-sparing treatment and ART rates among women with gynecologic or breast cancer. By acknowledging geographic factors, health care systems can ensure equitable access to fertility-preservation services.
Lymphangitic Melanomatosis: Case Report of Intralymphatic Spread of Melanoma in a 66-year-old Man
Authors: Srivatsa Shantanu , Smith Collin-Jamal , Sangüeza Omar P. , Miedema Jayson , Collichio Frances A. , Googe Paul B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Melanoma with lymphatic invasion has been associated with increased risk of metastasis, but the mechanisms and clinical implications are poorly understood. Although current reports have documented angiotropic spread of melanoma and suggest lymphatic spread of melanoma to increase the likelihood of metastasis, to our knowledge, lymphangitic metastatic melanoma resembling cutaneous carcinomatosis or presenting with facial hyperpigmentation has not been described. In this case report, we describe extensive cutaneous intralymphatic spread of melanoma, or lymphangitic melanomatosis, producing macular skin pigmentation in a 66-year-old man.
Frozen Section Histoanatomy of the Peritarsal Eyelid
Authors: Zhang Junqian , Lee Vivian , Elenitsas Rosalie , McMurray Stacy L. , Sobanko Joseph F. , Briceño César A. , Mehta Sonul , Miller Christopher J. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Mohs surgery of eyelid skin cancers requires detailed knowledge of anatomy for precise surgery and accurate evaluation of histology.

OBJECTIVE
To review the histology of the peritarsal eyelid using frozen sections as encountered intraoperatively by Mohs surgeons.

METHODS
The authors review the literature describing the anatomy and histology of the peritarsal eyelid from the lens of a Mohs surgeon. Histology from select Mohs cases is used to frame the discussion of the microanatomy of this region.

RESULTS
The peritarsal eyelids contain a unique mixture of skin, muscle, tarsus, glandular tissue, and conjunctiva. The histologic appearance of many of these structures differs from skin found outside of this anatomic region. Tumors of the eyelid and periocular region may mimic normal histologic structures found within the peritarsal eyelid.

CONCLUSION
The peritarsal eyelids have unique anatomy and associated histologic structures. Knowledge of the detailed histoanatomy is required for confident execution of Mohs surgery in this anatomic region.
Glutathione S-Transferase α4 Alleviates Hyperlipidemia-Induced Vascular Neointimal Hyperplasia in Arteriovenous Grafts via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Zhou Chenchen , Zhong Yanxia , Chu Yun , Chen Renyu , Wang Yurou , Zheng Yingfang , Dai Hongkai , Zhan Chengye , Xie Aini , Luo Jinlong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Neointimal hyperplasia causes the failure of coronary artery bypass grafting. Our previous studies have found that endothelial dysfunction is 1 candidate for triggering neointimal hyperplasia, but which factors are involved in this process is unclear. Glutathione S-transferase α4 (GSTA4) plays an important role in metabolizing 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a highly reactive lipid peroxidation product, which causes endothelial dysfunction or death. Here, we investigated the role of GSTA4 in neointima formation after arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) with or without high-fat diet (HFD). Compared with normal diet, HFD caused endothelial dysfunction and increased neointima formation, concomitantly accompanied by downregulated expression of GSTA4 at the mRNA and protein levels. In vitro, overexpression of GSTA4 attenuated 4-HNE–induced endothelial dysfunction and knockdown of GSTA4 aggravated endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, silencing GSTA4 expression facilitated the activation of 4-HNE–induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway alleviated 4-HNE–induced endothelial dysfunction. In addition, compared with wild-type mice, mice with knockout of endothelial-specific GSTA4 (GSTA4 endothelial cell KO) exhibited exacerbated vascular endothelial dysfunction and increased neointima formation caused by HFD. Together, these results demonstrate the critical role of GSTA4 in protecting the function of endothelial cells and in alleviating hyperlipidemia-induced vascular neointimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous grafts.
Effects of Pterostilbene on Heart and Lung Oxidative Stress Parameters in 2 Experimental Models of Cardiovascular Disease: Myocardial Infarction and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: de Castro Alexandre Luz , Duarte Ortiz Vanessa , Hickmann Alexandre R. , Santos Lacerda Denise , Türck Patrick , Campos Carraro Cristina , Freitas Schauana , Bello Klein Adriane , Bassani Valquiria , da Rosa Araujo Alex Sander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Myocardial infarction (MI) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are 2 prevalent cardiovascular diseases. In both conditions, oxidative stress is associated with a worse prognosis. Pterostilbene (PTE), an antioxidant compound, has been studied as a possible therapy for cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the effect of PTE on oxidative stress in the hearts of animals with MI and in the lungs of animals with PAH. Male Wistar rats were used in both models. In the MI model, the experimental groups were sham, MI, and MI + PTE. In the PAH model, the experimental groups were control, PAH, and PAH + PTE. Animals were exposed to MI through surgical ligation of the left coronary artery, or to PAH, by the administration of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg). Seven days after undergoing cardiac injury, the MI + PTE animals were treated with PTE (100 mg/kg day) for 8 days. After this, the heart was collected for molecular analysis. The PAH + PTE animals were treated with PTE (100 mg/kg day) for 14 days, beginning 7 days after PAH induction. After this, the lungs were collected for biochemical evaluation. We found that PTE administration attenuated the decrease in ejection fraction and improved left ventricle end-systolic volume in infarcted animals. In the PAH model, PTE improved pulmonary artery flow and decreased reactive oxygen species levels in the lung. PTE administration promoted protective effects in terms of oxidative stress in 2 experimental models of cardiac diseases: MI and PAH. PTE also improved cardiac function in infarcted rats and pulmonary artery flow in animals with PAH.
Nurses and Nursing Students With Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Molloy Patricia A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant problem for millions of Americans. The incidence of SUDs among nurses and nursing students is thought to be like that found in the general population. Some studies suggest increases in substance use among college students given stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses are in unique positions to care for one another as we care for our patients. Identification, referral, and treatment of SUDs can prevent both nurses and nursing students from terminating their careers or nursing programs of study. The purposes of this article were to increase nurses' knowledge of SUDs among nurses and nursing students, provide an organizing framework for identification of substance problems among nurses/nursing students, and discuss ways to create a culture of support and recovery for nurses/nursing students with SUDs.
Phosphate sensing in health and disease
Authors: Zechner Christoph , Rhee Eugene P. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Disruptions of phosphate homeostasis are associated with a multitude of diseases with insufficient treatments. Our knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying metazoan phosphate homeostasis and sensing is limited. Here, we highlight four major advancements in this field during the last 12–18 months.

Recent findings
First, kidney glycolysis senses filtered phosphate, which results in the release of glycerol 3-phosphate (G-3-P). Circulating G-3-P then stimulates synthesis of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 in bone. Second, the liver serves as a postprandial phosphate reservoir to limit serum phosphate excursions. It senses phosphate ingestion and triggers renal excretion of excess phosphate through a nerve-dependent mechanism. Third, phosphate-starvation in cells massively induces the phosphate transporters SLC20A1/PiT1 and SLC20A2/PiT2, implying direct involvement of cellular phosphate sensing. Under basal phosphate-replete conditions, PiT1 is produced but immediately destroyed, which suggests a novel mechanism for the regulation of PiT1 abundance. Fourth, Drosophila melanogaster intestinal cells contain novel organelles called PXo bodies that limit intracellular phosphate excursions. Phosphate starvation leads to PXo body dissolution, which triggers midgut proliferation.

Summary
These studies have opened novel avenues to dissect the mechanisms that govern metazoan phosphate sensing and homeostasis with the potential to identify urgently needed therapeutic targets.
New therapeutic perspectives for vascular and valvular calcifications in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Huish Sharon , Sinha Smeeta 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Vascular and valvular calcification are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uncertainty exists regarding therapeutic strategies to attenuate calcification. This review outlines the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to vascular and valvular calcification, considers the mechanisms of action of therapeutic interventions, and reports the latest outcomes from interventional studies.

Recent findings
Conventional therapies targeted at CKD-mineral and bone disorder (MBD) modulation have yielded conflicting or inconclusive results. Magnesium and vitamin K supplementation appear to offer attenuation of coronary artery calcification but inconsistent findings justify the need for further studies. Strategies targeting hydroxyapatite formation such as sodium thiosulphate and hexasodium fytate show promise and are worthy of further evaluation. The serum calcification propensity assay (T50) correlates with severity and progression; it holds promise as a potential future clinical tool for screening monitoring calcification risk.

Summary
Whilst knowledge of the pathophysiology of vascular calcification has grown and therapeutic approaches appear promising, as yet no medication has been approved to treat vascular or valvular calcification, or calciphylaxis.