bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study of Hyperglycemia and Cancer Risk
Authors: Stattin Pär , Björ Ove , Ferrari Pietro , Lukanova Annekatrin , Lenner Per , Lindahl Bernt , Hallmans Göran , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVE—To investigate whether hyperglycemia is associated with increased cancer risk.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In the Västerbotten Intervention Project of northern Sweden, fasting and postload plasma glucose concentrations were available for 33,293 women and 31,304 men and 2,478 incident cases of cancer were identified. Relative risk (RR) of cancer for levels of fasting and postload glucose was calculated with the use of Poisson models, with adjustment for age, year of recruitment, fasting time, and smoking status. Repeated measurements 10 years after baseline in almost 10,000 subjects were used to correct RRs for random error in glucose measurements.
RESULTS—Total cancer risk in women increased with rising plasma levels of fasting and postload glucose, up to an RR for the top versus bottom quartile of 1.26 (95% CI 1.09–1.47) (Ptrend &lt;0.001) and 1.31 (1.12–1.52) (Ptrend = 0.001), respectively. Correction for random error in glucose measurements increased these risks up to 1.75 (1.32–2.36) and 1.63 (1.26–2.18), respectively. For men, corresponding uncorrected RR was 1.08 (0.92–1.27) (Ptrend = 0.25) and 0.98 (0.83–1.16) (Ptrend = 0.99), respectively. Risk of cancer of the pancreas, endometrium, urinary tract, and of malignant melanoma was statistically significantly associated with high fasting glucose with RRs of 2.49 (1.23–5.45) (Ptrend = 0.006), 1.86 (1.09–3.31) (Ptrend = 0.02), 1.69 (0.95–3.16) (Ptrend = 0.049), and 2.16 (1.14–4.35) (Ptrend = 0.01), respectively. Adjustment for BMI had no material effect on risk estimates.
CONCLUSIONS—The association of hyperglycemia with total cancer risk in women and in women and men combined for several cancer sites, independently of obesity, provides further evidence for an association between abnormal glucose metabolism and cancer.
Altered Kidney Graft High-Energy Phosphate Metabolism in Kidney-Transplanted End-Stage Renal Disease Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Fiorina Paolo , Perseghin Gianluca , De Cobelli Francesco , Gremizzi Chiara , Petrelli Alessandra , Monti Lucilla , Maffi Paola , Luzi Livio , Secchi Antonio , Del Maschio Alessandro 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, nephrotoxicity of certain immunosuppressive drugs, and the persistence of a chronic alloimmune response may significantly affect graft survival in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) type 1 diabetic patients who have undergone kidney transplant. The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of kidney alone (KD) or combined kidney-pancreas (KP) transplantation on renal energy metabolism.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We assessed high-energy phosphates (HEPs) metabolism by using, in a cross-sectional fashion, 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the graft of ESRD type 1 diabetic transplanted patients who received KD (n = 20) or KP (n = 20) transplant long before the appearance of overt chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Ten nondiabetic microalbuminuric kidney transplanted patients and 10 nondiabetic kidney transplanted patients with overt CAN were chosen as controls subjects.
RESULTS—Simultaneous KP transplantation patients showed a higher β-ATP/inorganic phosphorus (Pi) ratio (marker of the graft energy status) versus the other groups, and a positive correlation between β-ATP/Pi phosphorus ratio and A1C was found. In the analysis limited to the subgroup of normoalbuminuric patients, the difference in β-ATP/Pi was still detectable in KP patients compared with KD transplantation.
CONCLUSIONS—KP transplantation was associated with better HEPs than in KD transplantation, suggesting that restoration of β-cell function positively affects kidney graft metabolism.
The Effect of Menopause on the Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Women
Authors: Kim Hee Man , Park Jong , Ryu So Yeon , Kim Jongoh 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVE—This study examined the effect of menopausal status on the risk of the metabolic syndrome in Korean women.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2001. A total of 2,671 women who did not receive hormone replacement therapy (1,893 premenopausal women and 778 postmenopausal women) were included in the analysis. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.
RESULTS—Postmenopausal women had significantly higher mean waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels than premenopausal women after adjusting for age (P = 0.018, P = 0.001, P &lt; 0.0001, P &lt; 0.0001, P &lt; 0.0001, and P = 0.006, respectively). Among postmenopausal women, the age-adjusted odds ratio was 1.61 (95% CI 1.15–2.25) for abdominal obesity, 1.11 (0.76–1.61) for elevated blood pressure, 1.24 (0.90–1.72) for low HDL cholesterol, 1.28 (0.89–1.83) for high triglycerides, and 1.07 (0.69–1.65) for high fasting glucose compared with premenopausal women. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome was 1.60 (95% CI 1.04–2.46) among postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women.
CONCLUSIONS—Postmenopausal status is associated with an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome independent of normal aging in Korean women.
Advanced Glycation End Products and Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With and Without Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Lapolla Annunziata , Piarulli Francesco , Sartore Giovanni , Ceriello Antonio , Ragazzi Eugenio , Reitano Rachele , Baccarin Lorenzo , Laverda Barbara , Fedele Domenico 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVE—Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), pentosidine and malondialdehyde (MDA), are elevated in type 2 diabetic subjects with coronary and carotid angiopathy. We investigated the relationship of AGEs, MDA, total reactive antioxidant potentials (TRAPs), and vitamin E in type 2 diabetic patients with and without peripheral artery disease (PAD).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—AGEs, pentosidine, MDA, TRAP, vitamin E, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were measured in 99 consecutive type 2 diabetic subjects and 20 control subjects.
RESULTS—AGEs, pentosidine, and MDA were higher and vitamin E and TRAP were lower in patients with PAD (ABI &lt;0.9) than in patients without PAD (ABI &gt;0.9) (P &lt; 0.001). After multiple regression analysis, a correlation between AGEs and pentosidine, as independent variables, and ABI, as the dependent variable, was found in both patients with and without PAD (r = 0.9198, P &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.5764, P &lt; 0.001, respectively) but not in control subjects. When individual regression coefficients were evaluated, only that due to pentosidine was confirmed as significant. For patients with PAD, considering TRAP, vitamin E, and MDA as independent variables and ABI as the dependent variable produced an overall significant regression (r = 0.6913, P &lt; 0.001). The regression coefficients for TRAP and vitamin E were not significant, indicating that the model is best explained by a single linear regression between MDA and ABI. These findings were also confirmed by principal component analysis.
CONCLUSIONS—Results show that pentosidine and MDA are strongly associated with PAD in type 2 diabetic patients.
Association Between Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Insulin Resistance Among Nondiabetic Adults
Authors: Lee Duk-Hee , Lee In-Kyu , Jin Soo-Hee , Steffes Michael , Jacobs David R. 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVE—We reported strong relations between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially organochlorine (OC) pesticides or nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and prevalence of diabetes in a U.S population with background exposure to POPs. Here, we investigated POPs and insulin resistance, a frequent pathogenic precursor of type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Serum POPs and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were investigated cross-sectionally in 749 nondiabetic participants aged ≥20 years. Nineteen POPs in five subclasses were selected, detectable in ≥60% of participants.
RESULTS—Among subclasses, OC pesticides were most strongly associated with HOMA-IR. Adjusted geometric means of HOMA were 3.27, 3.36, 3.48, and 3.85 (P for trend &lt;0.01) across quartiles of OC pesticides. The relationship strengthened with increasing HOMA-IR percentile: adjusted odds ratios comparing the highest versus lowest POPs quartile were 1.8 for being ≥50th percentile of HOMA-IR, 4.4 for being ≥75th percentile, and 7.5 for being ≥90th percentile. Associations with elevated HOMA-IR appeared to be specific to oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor but also were found for two nondioxin-like PCBs. No HOMA-IR associations were seen in the other three POP subclasses. The association between OC pesticides and HOMA-IR tended to strengthen as waist circumference increased, with no apparent association in the lowest quartile of OC pesticide concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS—These findings, coupled with those concerning diabetes prevalence, suggest that OC pesticides and nondioxin-like PCBs may be associated with type 2 diabetes risk by increasing insulin resistance, and POPs may interact with obesity to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Integrating Depression Care With Diabetes Care in Real-World Settings:Lessons From the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Diabetes Initiative
Authors: Anderson Daren , Horton Claire , O'Toole Mary L. , Brownson Carol A. , Fazzone Patricia , Fisher Edwin B. 
Published: February 2007

Depression is a common comorbidity in diabetic patients and poses challenges for health care providers, patients, and health care systems. This article describes the implementation of unique models of care geared toward treating patients with both illnesses in a coordinated manner in primary care and community settings serving disadvantaged and ethnic minority populations.Nine community sites used the PHQ-9, a short version of the Patient Health Questionnaire, as a screening tool for depression in all diabetic patients enrolled in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Diabetes Initiative. The interventions and protocols developed independently at each Diabetes Initiative site are described. The authors then report aggregate screening data across the nine sites, describe models of treatment developed by the projects, and highlight key emergent themes.The proportion of diabetic patients in this population with moderate to severe depression ranged from 30 to 70%. The interventions and treatment protocols that emerged included enhancements of primary care, integrated mental health services, group therapy, and approaches emphasizing cultural traditions and mind-body focus.Patients with diabetes from underserved and ethnic minority populations have high rates of comorbid depression, and this may affect their ability to self-manage diabetes. Addressing depression is an essential part of diabetes care and can be accomplished in a coordinated manner in real-world settings.
The Perils of Inpatient Hyperglycemia Management: How We Turned Apathy Into Action
Authors: Lubitz Carrie C. , Seley Jane Jeffrie , Rivera Cristina , Sinha Naina , Brillon David J. 
Published: February 2007

As the number of Americans with prediabetes and diabetes continues to grow,so too will the number of patients who come into the hospital with hyperglycemia. Although tight glycemic control has been a well-established goal in the outpatient setting, it has only recently gained heightened interest in the inpatient arena. There is a growing body of knowledge supporting the benefits of strict glycemic control in hospitalized patients,yet there is little or no formal didactic training for health care professionals in inpatient management of patients with diabetes. Despite widespread inpatient hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events, there are few systems in place for effective diabetes care and management.In January 2006, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American College of Endocrinology, and the American Diabetes Association convened a meeting titled “Improving Inpatient Diabetes Care: A Call to Action Consensus Development Conference,” which concluded that facilitating these changes required a paradigm shift that involves modifying both individual and institutional beliefs and practices that have been status quo for decades. One of the key consensus recommendations was the formation of an interdisciplinary steering committee to identify deficits, develop strategies, and facilitate the implementation of interventions to improve inpatient care. This article illustrates the planning and implementation of a systems-wide model to conquer inpatient hyperglycemia in an academic medical center.
Development and Implementation of Advanced Training Course for Diabetes Educators in Argentina
Authors: Gagliardino Juan José , Malbrán María del Carmen , Clark Charles 
Published: February 2007

Purpose. Preliminary report on the development and evaluation of a university-based master's degree program in diabetes education in Latin America.Methods. The program, based on reported international standards, was developed through the Department of Postgraduate Studies of the National University of La Plata, Argentina, with funds provided by the American Association of Diabetes Educators. This highly interactive program combines pedagogical, psychological, and communication-based education specifically related to diabetes. Consequently, its graduates will be prepared to communicate effectively with their patients about their self-care needs and work with them to overcome the day-to-day barriers that prevent them from integrating self-care effectively into their lives.Results. The program was successfully implemented, and 20 students have completed their 1st year, including preparation of a formal master's thesis proposal. During the next year, they will establish and evaluate diabetes education programs in their own communities as part of their master's thesis requirement.Conclusions. We have successfully implemented a master's degree program in diabetes education, based on reported international standards, that provides diabetes knowledge and educational/behavioral principles. Graduates will be able to help ensure patient participation in the control and treatment of their diabetes.
Food Practices and Preferences in Youth With Diabetes
Authors: Christensen Nedra K. , King Elaine Boswell , Hardy Sherrie , Pfister Roxane 
Published: February 2007

Objectives. To determine where children with type 1 diabetes eat and with whom, how foods are prepared, their favorite foods, and food issues or conflicts regarding both portioning foods and types of food eaten and to examine the multiple factors that influence food intake in this population.
Methods. Parent-child pairs (n = 299) completed a questionnaire that focused on where and with whom children eat and how their food is prepared. χ2 tests and ANOVA were calculated to determine differences between child and parent responses.
Results. As reported by parents, children (78%) eat meals at home with the family 4–6 or more meals per week; 21% eat at home alone 4–6 or more meals per week; 27% eat at fastfood restaurants 2–3 or more meals per week, and 72% eat school lunch 2–3 or more times per week(58% almost every day). Confusion regarding portion skills was reported by 13%, 52% measure by “eye balling” only (estimating portions sizes), and 47% would like more information on portioning. Among parents, 37%reported disagreements with children over choices of food, and 28% reported disagreements over food portion sizes; 5% did not care about food portioning at all. Cooking from scratch was reported by 71% to occur ≥ 4 times per week (out of 21 meals per week), and 65% reported cooking prepackaged meals at least 2–3 times per week.
Conclusions. Suggestions for eating at fast-food restaurants and schools; food-portioning skills for home, school, restaurants, and homes of friends; cooking from scratch and from prepackaged foods; incorporating favorite foods; and reading labels on prepackaged foods should be addressed for effective educational sessions.
Development of thin‐walled halogen‐free cable insulation and halogen‐free fire‐resistant low‐smoke cable‐sheathing compounds based on polyolefin elastomer and ethylene vinyl acetate blends
Authors: Naskar K. , Mohanty S. , Nando G. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the use of polyolefins and their copolymer blends in cable industries. The present investigation deals with the development of thin‐walled halogen‐free cable insulation and thin‐walled halogen‐free fire‐resistant low‐smoke cable sheathing compounds based on polyolefin elastomer (Engage®) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) blends. Blends of Engage (an ethylene octene copolymer) and EVA, varying in proportions, are prepared on a two‐roll mixing mill at an elevated temperature. Physicomechanical, electrical, and the most important flame‐retardant properties of the dicumyl peroxide/triallyl cyanurate cured blends have been basically studied. Properly compounded Engage‐EVA blends are found to be excellent materials in cable industry for insulation as well as for sheathing compounds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis, mobility study and antimicrobial evaluation of novel self‐spreading ionic silicone oligomers
Authors: Pant Ramesh R. , Rasley Brian T. , Buckley Joseph P. , Lloyd Christopher T. , Cozzens Robert F. , Santangelo Patrick G. , Wynne James H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) have been extensively utilized for their ability to spread and lubricate surfaces. This ability can be mostly attributed to their low surface energy and extremely flexible backbone. This study examines their unique ability through a comparative analysis of the rates of spread of numerous commercially available oils and lubricants, including a series of methyl‐terminated PDMS. The analysis facilitated the design and synthesis of two homologous series of PDMS, in which the terminal ends were functionalized as quaternary ammonium salts. The two new series of compounds were examined for their ability to spread both as neat liquids and as formulated blends. Additionally, these hybrid ionic oligomers were screened for biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus. All of the new oligomers exhibited antimicrobial properties in preliminary testing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Hybrid model for the diffusion of simple and complex penetrants in polymers
Authors: Dimos V. , Kanellopoulos N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA hybrid model, which combines the characteristic features of the Pace–Datyner molecular model with those of the Kulkarni–Stern free‐volume model, was developed to assess the effect of temperature, penetrant concentration, and polymer crystallinity on penetrant diffusivity. The predictive capabilities of the proposed model were tested by a direct comparison with experimental data. The diffusivity of ethylene and propylene vapors in semicrystalline polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene was experimentally measured using a magnetic suspension microbalance. Sorption kinetic measurements were carried out at temperatures up to 80°C and pressures up to 80 atm. The diffusivity was found to increase with temperature and penetrant concentration. Apparently, there was a very good agreement between the theoretical values predicted by the new hybrid diffusion model and the experimentally determined diffusivities. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
2‐oxo‐tetrahydrofuran‐3‐yl 9H‐carbazole‐9‐carbodithioate mediated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization
Authors: Zhou Di , Zhu Xiulin , Zhu Jian , Hu Lihua , Cheng Zhenping 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe 2‐oxo‐tetrahydrofuran‐3‐yl 9H‐carbazole‐9‐carbodithioate (OTCC) mediated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations of styrene and methyl acrylate were investigated. The results showed that OTCC was an effective RAFT agent for the polymerizations of styrene and methyl acrylate. The polymerizations exhibited “living”/controlled characters. The resulting carbazole and 2‐oxo‐tetrahydrofuran‐3‐yl groups end‐labeled polymer exhibited stronger fluorescence in N, N‐dimethyl formamide, compared with those of OTCC under the same conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A splice site mutation confirms the role of LPIN2 in Majeed syndrome
Authors: Al‐Mosawi Zakiya S. , Al‐Saad Khulood K. , Ijadi‐Maghsoodi Roya , El‐Shanti Hatem I. , Ferguson Polly J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMajeed syndrome is an autoinflammatory disorder consisting of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, and neutrophilic dermatosis. To date, 2 unrelated families with Majeed syndrome have been reported. Mutations in LPIN2 have been found in both families. Here we report a third consanguineous family with Majeed syndrome with a novel mutation. The patient, a 3‐year‐old Arabic girl, had hepatosplenomegaly and anemia as a neonate. At age 15 months, she developed recurrent episodes of fever and multifocal osteomyelitis. In addition, bone marrow aspiration demonstrated significant dyserythropoiesis, suggesting Majeed syndrome. Coding sequences and splice sites of LPIN2 were sequenced in the patient and her mother. A homozygous single‐basepair change was detected in the donor splice site of exon 17 (c.2327+1G>C) in the patient; her mother was heterozygous at this site. These data confirm the role of LPIN2 mutations in the etiology of Majeed syndrome.
A carcinoid tumour of the lower ileum
Authors: Wood W Quarry 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Carcinoid tumours of the gastro-intestinal tract have excited a great deal of interest among pathologists during the past twenty years, an interest which is perhaps out of proportion to their clinical importance. They are rare tumours, but in their origin, structure, and method of spread they present peculiarities which are responsible for the amount of attention they have attracted. They are most common in the appendix, but have been recorded as occurring in all parts of the abdominal alimentary canal. The cases recorded in the small intestine up to the latter part of 1934 numbered 152; since then a few additional cases have appeared in the literature. The comparative rarity of the tumour and the fact that it is now being recognized that a rather characteristic group of symptoms are frequently associated with the condition may justify the publication of another case.
Precocious puberty in a boy of one year
Authors: Fraser Ian 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Judging by the small number of published cases, precocious puberty is a rare condition. As the disease is an interesting one, it is probable that most of the cases have been recorded. It seems to be found three or four times more frequently in girls than in boys; Kepler (Mayo Clinic) was able to collect from the literature only 37 cases in children, and of these 12 were in boys. Broster, in what is probably the most exhaustive survey of the subject, mentions only one case in a boy, so perhaps I may be excused if I give the details of what was to me a very interesting case of virilism—pubertas præcox, or precocious puberty—in a baby of twelve months.