bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balanced activation of Nrf-2/ARE mediates the protective effect of sulforaphane on keratoconus in the cell mechanical microenvironment
Authors: Liu Ruixing , Ma Ruojun , Yan Xiaoming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKeratoconus (KC) is a progressive degenerative disease that usually occurs bilaterally and is characterized by corneal thinning and apical protrusion of the cornea. Oxidative stress is an indicator of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and KC keratocytes exhibit increased ROS production compared with that of normal keratocytes. Therefore, oxidative stress in KC keratocytes may play a major role in the development and progression of KC. Here, we investigated the protective effect of sulforaphane (SF) antioxidants using a hydrogel-simulated model of the cell mechanical microenvironment of KC. The stiffness of the KC matrix microenvironment in vitro was 16.70 kPa and the stiffness of the normal matrix microenvironment was 34.88 kPa. Human keratocytes (HKs) were cultured for 24 h before observation or drug treatment with H2O2 in the presence or absence of SF. The levels of oxidative stress, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and antioxidant response element (ARE) were detected. The high-stress state of HKs in the mechanical microenvironment of KC cells compensates for the activation of the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway. H2O2 leads to increased oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidant proteins in KC. In summary, SF can reduce endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress and increase the antioxidant capacity of cells.
Evaluation of therapeutic use of a combination of pentoxifylline and vitamin E in radiation-induced renal fibrosis
Authors: Demircan Volkan , Guzel Caglar , Sarıbas Gulistan Sanem , Dinc Serap Catlı , Cetin Serhat , Gulbahar Ozlem , Erpolat Petek , Elmas Cigdem , Bora Huseyin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRadiation-induced renal fibrosis (RIRF) is a progressive, irreversible condition causing chronic kidney disease. Pentoxifylline (PTX) and vitamin E may mitigate radiation-induced damage and fibrosis. This study assesses their effectiveness. We used four groups, each with six rats: radiation therapy alone (RT-only), radiation therapy plus drug treatment (RT + drug), drug treatment alone (drug-only), and a control group. Rats were monitored for three months, with weight measurements every four weeks. Afterward, rats were analyzed biochemically and histologically, with blood and tissue samples taken for statistical comparison. No significant differences in serum creatinine levels and body weight were observed. RT-only group had more severe kidney tubule effects. Histomorphological, immunohistochemical, and TUNEL analyses showed significant RIRF mitigation in the RT + drug group. Our study highlighted molecular pathways (SMAD, TGF-beta, VEGF) and histological markers (collagens, a-SMA, fibronectin, metalloproteinases) associated with RIRF. PTX and vitamin E reduced ionizing radiation's impact on renal cells and mitigated radiation-induced kidney fibrosis. Further human studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years recommended by international organizations
Authors: Chen Diqun , Ye Ying , Lan Ying , He Meng , Wu Jiani , Wang Lijin , Chen Zhihui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIodine deficiency and excessive salt intake have adverse health effects. This study evaluated the iodine level and salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years after implementing the salt reduction program and compared with both the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese recommendations. Adults aged 18–59 years were randomly selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling in coastal urban area (CUA), non-coastal urban area (Non-CUA), coastal rural area (CRA), and non-coastal rural area (Non-CRA) of Fujian Province, China. Iodine, sodium, and creatinine concentrations in spot urine samples were measured. Knudsen equation was used to determine 24-h urinary iodine and sodium excretion. The median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) and urinary sodium concentration (mUNaC) among adults (n = 3513) were 132.0 μg/L and 4.0 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and median daily iodine intake in CUA, Non-CUA, CRA and Non-CRA were 112.1, 127.5, 128.5, 167.5 μg/L and 189.6, 182.5, 199.4, 236.0 μg/d, respectively. The mUNaC and median daily salt intake (mDSI) in these four areas were 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9 g/L and 9.8, 10.4, 10.4, 10.6 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and DII of residents were higher in the Non-CRA than in the other three areas (P < 0.05). The UNaC and DSI of residents were lower in the CUA than in the other three areas (P < 0.05). The logistic regression demonstrated that the people living in CUA and Non-CUA consumed less salt compared with those in Non-CRA. Except for Non-CUA, the DII was lower (< 150 μg/d) among women of childbearing age in the low–salt intake group (< 5 g/d) compared with the high–salt intake group (≥ 5 g/d) (P < 0.05). Iodine nutrition in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years was sufficient, but the salt intake was substantially higher than the WHO and Chinese recommendations. Further policy implementation is needed to reduce salt intake and improve the monitoring of iodine levels in Chinese adults, especially in women of childbearing age.
Tag‐inferring and tag‐guided Transformer for image captioning
Authors: Yi Yaohua , Liang Yinkai , Kong Dezhu , Tang Ziwei , Peng Jibing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImage captioning is an important task for understanding images. Recently, many studies have used tags to build alignments between image information and language information. However, existing methods ignore the problem that simple semantic tags have difficulty expressing the detailed semantics for different image contents. Therefore, the authors propose a tag‐inferring and tag‐guided Transformer for image captioning to generate fine‐grained captions. First, a tag‐inferring encoder is proposed, which uses the tags extracted by the scene graph model to infer tags with deeper semantic information. Then, with the obtained deep tag information, a tag‐guided decoder that includes short‐term attention to improve the features of words in the sentence and gated cross‐modal attention to combine image features, tag features and language features to produce informative semantic features is proposed. Finally, the word probability distribution of all positions in the sequence is calculated to generate descriptions for the image. The experiments demonstrate that the authors’ method can combine tags to obtain precise captions and that it achieves competitive performance with a 40.6% BLEU‐4 score and 135.3% CIDEr score on the MSCOCO data set.
A novel robust interacting multiple model filter for manoeuvering target tracking
Authors: Gu Peng , Jing Zhongliang , Wu Liangbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA robust interacting multiple model approach is proposed to address the problem of accuracy and non‐Gaussian measurement noise in manoeuvering target tracking. The proposed approach introduces multiple fading factors into the prediction covariance matrix and adjusts each channel of the gain matrix in real time to improve the accuracy caused by model mismatch and enhance state transition capability. Considering the non‐Gaussian noise, an improved IMM filter is constructed to further improve the robustness using the maximum correntropy criterion. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can effectively suppress the non‐Gaussian noise and improve the accuracy with adaptability and robustness.
A low voltage microgrid protection scheme using digital instrument transformers
Authors: Sharma Jigyesh , Sidhu Tarlochan S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModern power systems have several measurement devices for reliable, safe, and improved operation and control. Due to the high infiltration of inverter‐based resources, protecting modern power systems has become challenging. This paper proposes a new protection scheme based on the computation of ‘discrepant impedance’ using real‐time protocol services for data exchange. The sampled values of voltages and currents are transmitted to a central processing unit to implement the protection scheme. With the development of digital instrument transformers (IEC 61869‐9), the current and voltage samples are directly interfaced wired or wirelessly to the IEC 61850‐9‐2 process bus. The proposed protection scheme is validated with grid forming and grid following inverters on Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) microgrid network using a real‐time digital simulator. The protection scheme is independent of the type of energy sources and their control philosophy, operation modes and topology of the microgrid network.
Joint scheduling method of peak shaving and frequency regulation using hybrid energy storage considering degeneration characteristic
Authors: Wang Yubo , Zhao Xingang , Huang Yujing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a joint scheduling method of peak shaving and frequency regulation using hybrid energy storage system considering degeneration characteristic is proposed. Firstly, incorporating degradation costs of the hybrid energy storage system with respect to the depth of discharge and cycle lifetime, long‐term costs of battery energy storage and flywheel energy storage are modelled and transformed to short‐term costs related to real‐time operation. Then, a joint scheduling model is proposed for hybrid energy storage system to perform peak shaving and frequency regulation services to coordinate and optimize the output strategies of battery energy storage and flywheel energy storage, and minimize the total operation cost of microgrid. In addition, three optimal dispatching strategies for hybrid energy storage system to participate in the auxiliary service of power grid are proposed based on the established auxiliary service model. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed joint scheduling method can optimize the power of different energy storage, alleviate the degradation process of battery energy storage. Compared with the scenario without scheduling hybrid energy storage system, scheduling hybrid energy storage system can reduce the total operation cost, and the electricity cost of microgrid is reduced by 13.13%.
A novel distributed bearing‐only target tracking algorithm for underwater sensor networks with resource constraints
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Xuan , Pang Zhouqi , Hao Chengpeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderwater sensor networks hold immense potential for advancing the field of underwater target tracking, yet they encounter significant resource constraints stemming from energy storage and communication methods. In order to balance tracking accuracy and energy consumption, the authors present a distributed bearing‐only target tracking algorithm that can be used in underwater sensor networks with resource constraints. Anchored in the diffusion cubature information filter framework, this algorithm achieves fusion for non‐linear bearing measurements and state estimation. During the incremental update stage, individual nodes leverage the Posterior Cramer‐Rao Lower Bound as a metric for tracking performance. Subsequently, a strategy for selecting neighbouring nodes is introduced, ensuring tracking accuracy while efficiently kerbing energy consumption. In the diffusion update stage, a multi‐threshold event triggering mechanism is employed to partially diffuse the intermediate estimation. Additionally, an adaptive convex combination weight is proposed for cases involving partial diffusion. Through theoretical analysis, the asymptotic unbiasedness and convergence of the algorithm have been proven. Through Monte Carlo simulation experiments, the authors verify that the algorithm is superior to existing algorithms. Furthermore, the algorithm significantly reduces energy consumption in information interaction, minimising tracking accuracy loss.
Prävention des Pankreaskarzinoms
Authors: Scherübl Hans 
Published: March 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Pankreaskarzinom nimmt in Deutschland stetig an Häufigkeit zu und stellt aktuell die dritthäufigste tumorbedingte Todesursache dar. Voraussichtlich rückt es bis 2030 auf den 2. Platz und bis 2050 auf den 1. Platz der krebsbedingten Todesfälle vor. Das Pankreasadenokarzinom wird in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle spät diagnostiziert und die 5-Jahre-Überlebensrate liegt nach wie vor bei nur 10 %. Zu den beeinflussbaren Risikofaktoren zählen das Tabakrauchen, ein übermäßiges Körpergewicht, der Alkoholkonsum, der Typ-2-Diabetes und das metabolische Syndrom. Der Rauchstopp und die gewollte Gewichtsabnahme (bei Adipositas) können das Pankreaskrebsrisiko um etwa 50 % reduzieren. Zudem ist die Früherkennung des sporadischen Pankreaskarzinoms im Stadium IA – nun mit einem 5-Jahre-Überleben von 80 % – bei Menschen über 50 mit neu diagnostiziertem Diabetes eine realistische Perspektive geworden. Aktuelle Entwicklungen hierzu werden kurz beschrieben.
Role of Ductus Venosus Doppler Sonography for the Prediction of
Perinatal Outcome in Term Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes
Mellitus
Authors: Graupner Oliver , Rath Caroline , Lecker Linda , Ritter Monica , Ritgen Jochen , Enzensberger Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose Ductus venosus (DV) Doppler velocimetry reflects fetal cardiac
function. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is assumed to impair cardiac
function due to fetal hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to assess the
ability of DV Doppler to predict an adverse perinatal outcome (APO) in term
pregnancies with GDM.
Methods This is a retrospective cohort study including GDM pregnancies of
singleton, non-anomalous fetuses without any signs of placental dysfunction. All
GDM women who primarily had a vaginal delivery attempt and in which DV Doppler
was examined from 37+0 weeks on were included. Receiver operating characteristic
curve (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of DV
pulsatility index (DV-PI) regarding a composite APO (CAPO). Furthermore, a
subgroup analysis was performed regarding the presence of a
large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborn.
Results A total of n=89 cases were included. Overall, CAPO occurred in 26
out of 89 cases (29.2%). All DV Doppler examinations showed a positive A wave.
DV-PI was>95th percentile in 8 out of 89 cases (9%). Overall, ROC analysis
showed no significant association of DV-PI with CAPO (AUC=0.523, p=0.735).
However, regarding individual APO parameters, ROC analysis showed a significant
association of DV-PI with 5th-min AGPAR (AUC=0.960, p=0.027), which was not
confirmed after exclusion of LGA cases.
Conclusion In GDM pregnancies at term, DV Doppler sonography seems to have
no benefit for APO prediction.
The second language acquisition of variation in adulthood and
language change
Authors: Geeslin Kimberly , Evans-Sago Travis , Fafulas Stephen A. , Goebel-Mahrle Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Research on the second language acquisition of
sociolinguistic variation is grounded in an understanding of
sociohistorical linguistics. The patterns attested in language
change provide a foundation for understanding the language of second
language learners. This chapter provides an overview of research on
adult L2 sociolinguistics and shines a light on studies that
demonstrate how linguists might bridge the gap between the fields of
historical linguistics and second language acquisition (e.g., Giacalone Ramat (1995) for
L2 Italian, Donaldson
(2017) for L2 French and Geeslin (2002) for L2 Spanish). Moving from
studies that explicitly explore this connection, the chapter
identifies other findings in L2 research that bridge this gap, and
offers suggestions for future inquiry at the intersection of these
two fields.
Two types of left-dislocation in Old English
Authors: Bartnik Artur 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper examines two types of left-dislocated structures in Old English: contrastive left-dislocation
(CLD) and hanging topic left-dislocation (HTLD). As reported in the literature, the constructions show differences
with respect to three properties: the type of the resumptive pronoun (demonstrative or personal pronoun), case (the
same or different case of the resumptive and dislocated phrase) and position (low or high position of the resumptive
pronoun). It is argued that only the first property – the type of the resumptive pronoun – clearly differentiates the
two types in Old English, whereas the other two characteristics are problematic. Some additional support for the
CLD/HTLD division is provided by discourse analysis.
Is legal discourse really “outside the ravages of time”?
Authors: Rodríguez-Puente Paula 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explores word-based nominalizations between 1535 and 2021 in legal decisions. Nominalizations and the passive are usually proscribed in contemporary legal drafting manuals. Recent research has shown that there has been a notable reduction in the use of the passive, probably aided by campaigns promoting a plainer language accessible to the general public. However, nominalizations have received scarce attention in the literature to date. The data here show that nominalizations, especially those formed with Romance suffixes, tend to increase in frequency and productivity over time in legal decisions, probably acting as a compensation for the decrease in the use of the passive voice, or motivated by a general increase in the nominal density of legal decisions.
Filled-in petition forms and hand-drafted petitions to the Foundling Hospital
Authors: Calvo Cortés Nuria 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present study compares filled-in petition forms with hand-drafted petitions addressed to the Foundling Hospital between 1759 and 1815. The focus of the analysis is on the similarities and/or differences between the two types and how they compare to the petition models presented in the letter-writing manuals of the time. The results show that the hand-drafted petitions display more variation in general than the filled-in petition forms, although not as much as expected. The findings suggest that the writers of these petitions were aware of the conventions established at the time even when they had to draft a petition themselves and that their writing did not differ much from the writing of other letter writers of the time.
Microstructural properties in the narrative retellings of young English learners in EMI schools in India
Authors: Tsimpli Ianthi M. , Mukhopadhyay Lina , Balasubramanian Anusha , Treffers-Daller Jeanine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present study investigates narrative microstructure in the English oral retellings of primary school
children from disadvantaged backgrounds in India. For these children, the combination of rich linguistic diversity and
English as the medium of instruction is a challenge since exposure to English is almost exclusively in the school
context. Measures of microstructure include syntactic complexity and finiteness marking as well-known indices of
English language ability. Microstructural properties are examined in relation to literacy performance in order to
identify possible links between the two modalities. Participants’ language background was included to investigate a
possible (dis)advantage associated with minority language speakers exposed to English as the medium of instruction.
Our findings suggest that finiteness errors and number of function words are associated with performance on reading
comprehension. English input in the classroom selectively predicts performance on complex syntax but not other aspects
of microstructure measures. Children speaking minority languages at home are not disadvantaged in their English
performance compared to children speaking the majority language (Telugu). Finally, error analysis suggests
similarities between types of errors found in other studies of child L2 English. This study sheds light on English L2
narrative skills in a multilingual and underprivileged context with learners exposed to low levels of English language
input.
Language alternation is not always translanguaging
Authors: Tsiplakou Stavroula 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the relationship between language alternation and translanguaging and an attempt is made, via an examination of two different sets of data collected with ethnographic tools from a multilingual and a bidialectal classroom in Cyprus, to examine whether the language/code alternation practices observed in the data can be said to constitute aspects of a pedagogy of translanguaging. The analysis shows that the structuring and distribution of the language/code-alternation patterns in terms of their orientation (participant- or discourse-oriented), directionality, and function within the overall dynamics of classroom discourse do not point to genuine translanguaging, but ultimately reinforce the explicitly stated aim of fostering monolingualism, which is moreover constructed as competence in Standard Greek, the prestige variety.
The sociolinguistics of urban multilingualism
Authors: Walker James A. , Hajek John , Loakes Debbie , Diskin-Holdaway Chloé , Docherty Gerard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Changing patterns of global migration and increasing ethnolinguistic (super)diversity hold sociolinguistic consequences for heritage/community languages (HCL) and majority languages in large urban centres. Studies in different cities have noted the existence of (multi-)ethnolects, which may arise from second language acquisition and/or long-term bilingualism and may take on indexical social value. This chapter compares two majority English-speaking cities in Canada (Toronto) and Australia (Melbourne) that are characterised by increasing ethnolinguistic diversity. Previous research has identified (multi-)ethnolectal behaviour in both cities that has only recently been the subject of systematic investigation. Toronto English shows different overall rates of usage of a range of phonetic/phonological and grammatical/discourse-pragmatic variables, although parallel conditioning of the variation by language-internal factors across younger speakers suggests that speakers share the same underlying system. Previous work on Melbourne English has similarly identified a number of linguistic features characteristic of particular ethnolinguistic background. Adopting the variationist sociolinguistic approach, these projects explore the function of language in constructing and expressing (ethnic) identity in situations of ethnolinguistic (super)diversity and the potential for multiple linguistic systems to co-exist.
Barossa German
Authors: Mickan Peter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter reports on a project of language documentation, maintenance and renewal in the Barossa region of South Australia. The project commenced with oral recordings of descendants of German-speaking immigrants to the British settlement of South Australia in the nineteenth century. The speakers who were recorded valued the recognition of their German heritage and identity as they had been forbidden to speak German in childhood due to suppression of their ethnicity in the Second World War. In response to the wish to socialise in German a regular program was organised for heritage speakers and for recent immigrants. The Barossa German Language Association Inc. was established to support German maintenance and revival events and to advocate for the reintroduction of bilingual German English programs closed in 1917. The project has evolved with regular social events, a publication Das Blatt and education programs.