bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the complexity of viewers' television news interpretation: Integration
Authors: Schaap Gabi , Konig Ruben , Renckstorf Karsten , Wester Fred 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Although interpretation is often considered a vital factor in the effects of news, its conceptualization and operationalization have been problematic. In this study, interpretation is defined in terms of the structural attribute of complexity. In a previous contribution, one aspect of interpretive complexity, differentiation, was operationalized and measured to test the usefulness of the concept in news research. This follow-up study introduces a method for measuring and analyzing a second aspect of interpretive complexity: Integration. Whereas differentiation represents the broadness of interpretations, integration refers to the cohesiveness of interpretations. This contribution describes two dimensions of integration, called micro-integration and macro-integration, and attempts to test their utility by operationalizing and measuring them in a small-scale study (N = 19). Results illustrate that the method yields data that are helpful in systematically exploring and comparing how viewers interpret television news by assessing differences in cohesiveness. The merits of the concept and method and their use for the study of news effects are evaluated.
Relating humor preference to schizotypy and autism scores in a student sample
Authors: Rawlings David 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWhile previous research has related humor preferences to a range of normal personality dispositions and pathologies, it has not related humor preference to schizotypy, a construct at the interface between normal personality and psychopathology. Nor has it related humor preference to autism, as this appears within the normal population. The present study employed a multi-factorial measure of schizotypy, the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Student participants completed the self-report measure and rated how funny and unpleasant/aversive they found 48 purportedly humorous stimuli differentiated according to whether they were violent or neutral, and whether they comprised jokes, real-life situations involving others, or real-life situations involving the self. A Principal Components Analysis of the ratings produced five factors. Subsequent correlation and regression analyses related each obliquely rotated factor to at least one individual-differences variable: Sex differences was most clearly related to Lack of Empathy, O-LIFE Unusual Experiences to Sense of Humor—Joke Oriented, O-LIFE Introvertive Anhedonia to Sense of Humor—Reality Oriented, O-LIFE Cognitive Disorganization to Personal Sensitivity, and the AQ to Aversive Reaction to Humor. The data point to the usefulness in humor research of constructs at the interface between abnormal and normal personality.
Das Zustandspassiv. Grammatische Einordnung – Bildungsbeschränkung – Interpretationsspielraum
Authors: Maienborn Claudia 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The German adjectival passive, or “Zustandspassiv”, belongs to the most controversial topics of German grammar. The controversy centers around the following questions: What is the grammatical status of the Zustandspassiv: Does it belong to the verbal paradigm or is it a combination of copula plus adjectivized verbal participle? What are the restrictions governing its construction and combination? And what is its characteristic meaning range? The paper reviews a set of diagnostics, which will turn out to provide ample evidence for a “copula plus adjective”-account of the Zustandspassiv. It then goes on to discuss one particular problem for such an account, viz. the combination with event-related modifiers and it offers a new solution for the interpretative variability of the Zustandspassiv, aiming at a more balanced division of labor between grammar and pragmatics. Basically, the Zustandspassiv is analyzed as assigning an (arbitrarily complex) ad hoc property to the subject referent. While the grammar imposes only few constraints on the construction, legitimating and interpreting such an ad hoc property in context is basically the task of pragmatics. Adopting the notion of ad hoc properties from cognitive psychology, this article is an attempt to explore the fruitfulness of applying Lawrence Barsalou's theory of mental representations to linguistic analysis.
Effect of sulfate, carbonate, and phosphate on the uranium(VI) sorption behavior onto bentonite
Authors: Bachmaf Samer , Planer-Friedrich Britta , Merkel Broder J. 
Published: May 2008

Summary
Batch experiments were conducted to study the uranium U(VI) sorption onto bentonite as a function of pH (3 to 8), and initial U(VI) concentrations (5 × 10−6 and 5 × 10−5 M) in the presence and absence of sulfate, carbonate, and phosphate. Uranium sorption onto bentonite depended on the initial U(VI) concentration with a stronger sorption at lower concentrations and was high over a wide range of pH in the absence of complexing ligands. In the presence of 0.005 M sulfate, U(VI) sorption was reduced at low pH values due to the competition between SO4
2− and the uranyl ion for sorption sites on the bentonite surface, or the formation of uranyl-sulfate complexes. In the presence of 0.003 M carbonate, U(VI) sorption decreased sharply at a pH above 7, because of the formation of negatively charged uranyl-carbonate complexes, which are weakly adsorbed onto the bentonite. Uranium sorption onto bentonite was greatly enhanced in the presence of 0.003 M phosphate. Kinetic batch experiments carried out for 5 × 10−5 M U(VI) at pH values of 3, 5, and 8 revealed that the sorption rate was generally rapid over the first 10 min of the experiments, then slowed down appreciably after 1 to 24 h. Sulfate had little effect on the kinetics of U(VI) sorption; both in the absence and presence of sulfate, sorption equilibrium was attained after 4 h. In the presence of carbonate, attainment of sorption equilibrium required more time than in its absence. The presence of 0.003 M phosphate reduced the time required to reach sorption equilibrium across a wide range of pH compared to phosphate-free systems.
Identification of a clinically homogenous subgroup of benign cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors characterized by alterations of the protein kinase A (PKA) subunits and high PKA activity.
Authors: Vincent-Dejean C , Cazabat L , Groussin L , Perlemoine K , Fumey G , Tissier F , Bertagna X , Bertherat J 
Published: May 2008

ObjectiveThe cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway plays an important role in endocrine tumorigenesis. PKA is a heterotetramer with two regulatory subunits (four genes:PRKAR1A,PRKAR1B,PRKAR2A,PRKAR2B) and two catalytic subunits. InactivatingPRKAR1Amutations have been observed in Carney complex and a subset of adrenocortical tumors (ACT). This study was designed to search for other alterations of PKA in ACT, and to establish their correlation with the clinical characteristics.MethodsIn this study, 35 ACT (10 non-secreting adrenocortical adenomas (ACA-NS), 13 cortisol-secreting adenomas (ACA-S), and 12 malignant s (ACC)) were studied. PKA subunits were studied by western blot and RT-qPCR. The PKA activity was measured.ResultsA subgroup of ACA-S with a 96% R2B protein decrease by comparison with normal adrenal (4.1%±4 vs 100%±19,P<0.001) was identified, ACA-S2 (6/13). By contrast, no differences were observed in ACC and ACA-NS. The level of R1A mRNA was decreased in ACA-S (P<0.001), but not the level of R2B mRNA. No mutation of the R2B gene was detected in ACA-S2. The ACA-S2 group with loss of R2B protein showed a threefold higher basal PKA activity than the ACA with normal R2B protein (3.37±0.31 vs 1.00±0.20,P<0.0001). The ACA-S2 tumors with the loss of the R2B protein presented a homogenous phenotype and were all small benign cortisol-secreting tumors.ConclusionThis loss of PRKAR2B protein due to a post-transcriptional mechanism in ACA-S is a new mechanism of cAMP pathway dysregulation in adrenocortical tumorigenesis. It defines a new subtype of secreting adenomas with high basal PKA activity presenting a homogenous clinical phenotype.
Turner Syndrome Is an Independent Risk Factor for Aortic Dilation in the Young
Authors: Lopez Leo , Arheart Kristopher L. , Colan Steven D. , Stein Nancy S. , Lopez-Mitnik Gabriela , Lin Angela E. , Reller Mark D. , Ventura Roque , Silberbach Michael 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE. Because aortic dilation increases the risk for dissection in the general adult population, and dissection occurs with greater frequency at a young age with Turner syndrome, we studied the prevalence, magnitude, and determinants of aortic dilation in a large group of girls and young women with Turner syndrome.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Participants at annual Turner syndrome society meetings completed a questionnaire regarding their medical history. Echocardiographic measurements of their aorta were converted to z scores by using data from a larger group of normal control female subjects. Bivariable and multivariable analyses evaluated the effects of Turner syndrome features, such as a bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation, growth-hormone therapy, blood pressure, and karyotype, on aortic size.
RESULTS. Among 138 individuals with Turner syndrome &lt;18 years old, 49% had the 45,X karyotype, 26% had bicuspid aortic valve, 17% had a history of coarctation, 78% had a history of growth-hormone therapy, and 40% had hypertension. Aortic z scores were calculated by using data from 407 control subjects. Bivariable analyses revealed that a bicuspid aortic valve, growth hormone, and 45,X karyotype predicted a larger proximal aorta at ≥1 level. Multivariable analysis predicted a larger proximal aorta at all of the levels only for bicuspid aortic valve individuals and at the annular level for those who received growth hormone. Importantly, all of the analyses revealed that Turner syndrome predicted a larger proximal aorta independent of these characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS. Among young individuals with Turner syndrome, a bicuspid aortic valve predicts a larger proximal aorta, and growth-hormone use may predict a larger aortic annulus. Compared with a control population, Turner syndrome alone is an independent risk factor for aortic dilation.
Tapasztalataink a rekombináns faktor VIIa-val (NovoSeven®) a magas kockázatú szívműtétek vérzéses szövődményeinek kezelésébenr
Authors: Miskolczi Szabolcs , Vaszily Miklós , Papp Csaba , Péterffy Árpád 
Published: May 2008

Absztrakt
A szívsebészetben a vérzéses szövődmények jelentősen növelik a korai halálozást és a kezelési költségeket. Ezeknek a szövődményeknek a kezelésében az aktivált rekombináns faktor VII a szívsebészetben is fokozatosan teret nyer. A szerzők intézetében 2004–2007 között 11 betegnél alkalmazták, akik közül 9 beteg előzetesen magas kockázatú, hosszú, aortalefogással és mesterséges keringési idővel járó kombinált (billentyű- és koszorúér-áthidalás) műtéten esett át, egy esetben koszorúér-betegség miatti újabb áthidalást végeztek, míg egy másik beteg aortadissectio miatt került műtétre. Az alkalmazott átlagos adag 6,5 mg (2,4–9,6 mg) volt. A NovoSeven® beadása előtti vérzés átlagosan 5440 ml, míg a gyógyszer alkalmazása után a vérzés átlaga 987 ml volt. A 11 betegből 9 gyógyultan hagyta el intézetet, míg 2 beteg a kórházi kezelés idején elhunyt, részben a faktor megkésett alkalmazása, részben a súlyos kísérő betegségek miatt (bélischaemia, májcirrhosis). Következtetéseink: A NovoSeven® megfelelő időben és adagban alkalmazva nagymértékben csökkenti a szívműtétek során fellépő, sebészi ellátással reménytelennek tűnő vérzéseket. Alkalmazása életmentő lehet az elhúzódó mesterséges keringéssel és hosszú aortalefogással járó kombinált, magas kockázatú műtéteket követő diffúz vérzéseknél, sőt szakadékony szövetek miatt elégtelenné váló varratok esetén is lényegesen csökkenti a vérzést. Elkésett vagy reménytelen esetekben való alkalmazása nem javasolt, mert az átmeneti vérzéscsökkenés ritkán változtatja meg a végzetes kórlefolyást.
Economic Benefit of Appropriate Timing of Vancomycin Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Garey Kevin W. , Amrutkar Paresh , Dao‐Tran Thanh K. , Frost Craig P. , Chen Hua , Essien E. James , Gentry Layne O. 
Published: May 2008

Study Objective. To determine if appropriate timing of vancomycin prophylaxis in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery results in an economic benefit by assessing the differences in total duration of hospitalization and hospital costs based on infusion start time in relation to first surgical incision.Design. Prospective, observational study.Setting. Tertiary care medical center.Patients. A total of 1666 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and/or valve replacement surgery who received prophylactic vancomycin.Measurements and Main Results. Appropriateness of vancomycin prophylaxis timing, based on national guidelines defining appropriate timing as start time of infusion ranging from 16–120 minutes before surgery start time, was prospectively monitored. The timing of vancomycin administration was grouped as follows: 0–15 minutes (11 patients), 16–60 minutes (156), 61–120 minutes (772), or more than 120 minutes (727) before incision. Antibiotic timing was appropriate in 928 patients and inappropriate in 738 patients. Length of hospital stay and total hospital costs were compared based on appropriateness of therapy by using multivariate linear regression and validated with a Heckman two‐stage model. Median numbers of hospitalization and intensive care unit days were significantly fewer in patients given appropriate prophylaxis at an appropriate time (9 and 2 days, respectively) compared with inappropriate time (10 and 3 days, respectively, p<0.001 for both analyses). Hospital costs were significantly lower in patients who had appropriate timing of antibiotic prophylaxis (median $25,321, interquartile range [IQR] $19,429‐35,471) compared with inappropriate timing (median $29,475, IQR $21,507‐46,488, p<0.001). Multivariate linear regression and a Heckman two‐stage model confirmed that appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis timing was associated with decreased hospitalization duration and hospital costs.Conclusion. In patients undergoing CABG or valve replacement surgery, the administration of vancomycin 16–120 minutes before incision significantly reduced patient hospitalization duration and total hospital costs.
Adoption of a Process to Prevent Souring Associated with Seawater Waterflooding in the Ursa-Princess Fields, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Walsh John , McElhiney John , Maxwell Stephen , Burger Edward , Davis Roy 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
A comprehensive evaluation of the potential for preventing reservoir souring through the use of Sulphate Rejection Membranes (SRM) was made for the Ursa-Princess Waterflood (UPWF), deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The operator, Shell Exploration and Production Company (SEPCO) has long believed that injection of seawater is a precursor to souring; the question is not ‘if’ but ‘when’ souring would occur.1 Metallurgy of the producer well tubing, casing, safety valves and topsides is not consistently sour safe and retrofitting would have rendered the waterflood project economics unviable. Therefore, prevention of souring by SRM was investigated, evaluated and adopted in order to avoid retrofitting the metallurgy. This is the first time that an SRM has been selected by a major operator for a seawater waterflood project based primarily on prevention of souring, while accepting SRM as proven for scale control.
High Resolution Casing Imaging Utilizing Magnetic Flux Leakage Measurements.
Authors: Sharar M. A. , Cuthill D. A. , Edwards K. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) logging tools work on the principle of inducing a magnetic flux within the casing wall and observing the amount of MFL due to variations in the casing thickness. Commonly, these devices utilize coil type sensors to measure the flux leakage and an electromagnet to induce the magnetic field within the pipe wall. Coil type sensors have an inherent limitation requiring the logging tool to move at a fixed logging speed in order to provide a meaningful measurement of flux leakage. Furthermore, the use of electromagnets to induce the magnetic field requires that the magnet be powered from surface which also has intrinsic problems with power limitations and variation in the field strength.
A new generation of logging tool has been developed that utilizes a powerful samarium cobalt (SmCo5) permanent magnet to induce a high magnetic flux within the casing wall and Hall-effect sensors to detect perturbations in the internal surface flux caused by outer or inner defects in the pipe. Hall-effect sensors do not require a consistent logging speed in order to accurately measure flux leakage. The combination of these two developments now enables defects to be located in areas such as near surface where previous logging speed dependant methods would not work.
An advanced interpretation method has also been developed that uses 3-dimensional images generated from high resolution MFL measurements. This type of measurement provides a clearer picture of the defects within the joint and also the ability to visually analyze and classify the MFL associated with collars, and other hardware. Collars and hardware are commonly ignored using traditional interpretation methods.
Several examples are presented which demonstrate the improvements in logging tool functionality and in the use of 3-dimensional visualization techniques, most notably close to surface and near casing collars.
A new electromagnetic exposure metric: High frequency voltage transients associated with increased cancer incidence in teachers in a california school
Authors: Milham Samuel , Morgan L. Lloyd 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn 2003 the teachers at La Quinta, California middle school complained that they had more cancers than would be expected. A consultant for the school district denied that there was a problem.ObjectivesTo investigate the cancer incidence in the teachers, and its cause.MethodWe conducted a retrospective study of cancer incidence in the teachers' cohort in relationship to the school's electrical environment.ResultsSixteen school teachers in a cohort of 137 teachers hired in 1988 through 2005 were diagnosed with 18 cancers. The observed to expected (O/E) risk ratio for all cancers was 2.78 (P = 0.000098), while the O/E risk ratio for malignant melanoma was 9.8 (P = 0.0008). Thyroid cancer had a risk ratio of 13.3 (P = 0.0098), and uterine cancer had a risk ratio of 9.2 (P = 0.019). Sixty Hertz magnetic fields showed no association with cancer incidence. A new exposure metric, high frequency voltage transients, did show a positive correlation to cancer incidence. A cohort cancer incidence analysis of the teacher population showed a positive trend (P = 7.1 × 10−10) of increasing cancer risk with increasing cumulative exposure to high frequency voltage transients on the classroom's electrical wiring measured with a Graham/Stetzer (G/S) meter. The attributable risk of cancer associated with this exposure was 64%. A single year of employment at this school increased a teacher's cancer risk by 21%.ConclusionThe cancer incidence in the teachers at this school is unusually high and is strongly associated with high frequency voltage transients, which may be a universal carcinogen, similar to ionizing radiation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:579–586, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A further example of a distinctive autosomal recessive syndrome comprising neonatal diabetes mellitus, intestinal atresias and gall bladder agenesis
Authors: Chappell Louise , Gorman Shaun , Campbell Fiona , Ellard Sian , Rice Gillian , Dobbie Angus , Crow Yanick 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe report a patient born to consanguineous parents as a further example of a recently described phenotype comprising neonatal diabetes, intestinal atresias and gall bladder agenesis. Other reports have described cases with overlapping patterns including malrotation, biliary atresia and pancreatic hypoplasia (e.g. as described by Martínez‐Frías). We propose that these cases may represent variations of the same syndrome. It is likely that this disorder is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Our case is the first to have neonatal diabetes without a demonstrable structural pancreatic abnormality, showing that a deficit in pancreatic function is involved. We sequenced genes with a recognized role in monogenic forms of diabetes, including KCNJ11, ABCC8, GCK, IPF1, HNF1β, NeuroD1 and TCF7L2, as well as a novel candidate gene, HNF6, known to be involved in hepatobiliary and pancreatic development, but did not identify mutations. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of syndromic mental retardation with an Xq12q13.1 duplication encompassing the oligophrenin 1 gene
Authors: Bedeschi Maria Francesca , Novelli Antonio , Bernardini Laura , Parazzini Cecilia , Bianchi Vera , Torres Barbara , Natacci Federica , Giuffrida Maria Grazia , Ficarazzi Paola , Dallapiccola Bruno , Lalatta Faustina 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOPHN1 mutations cause a syndromic form of mental retardation (MR) characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia, early hypotonia, motor and speech delay, with occasional seizures and strabismus. Here we report on a familial chromosome duplication spanning about 800 Kb of Xq12q13.1, associated with MR and a distinctive phenotype in the affected male, but not in his heterozygous mother. The parents were healthy and non‐consanguineous with a history of three pregnancies. The first resulted in the birth of a boy with MR, motor impairment and seizures. The second pregnancy was terminated because of trisomy 18. At the time of the third, the first affected boy was analyzed by array‐CGH, which revealed a 800 Kb duplication at Xq12q13.1, encompassing three genes, including OPHN1. This mutation was inherited from his healthy mother and was not present in any of the three maternal brothers. To our knowledge this is the first report of a clinical phenotype associated with duplication of Xq12q13. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome in patients admitted to a cardiac pediatric intensive care unit in Brazil
Authors: Rosa Rafael F.M. , Pilla Carlo B. , Pereira Vera L.B. , Flores José A.M. , Golendziner Eliete , Koshiyama Dayane B. , Hertz Michele T. , Ricachinevsky Cláudia P. , Roman Tatiana , Varella‐Garcia Marileila , Paskulin Giorgio A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is one of the most recognizable causes of congenital heart defects (CHDs), but the frequency varies in non‐selected populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical features of patients with CHD and 22q11DS admitted to a pediatric cardiology intensive care unit in Brazil. In a prospective study, we evaluated a consecutive series of 207 patients with a CHD following a clinical protocol and cytogenetic analysis by high resolution karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). 22q11DS was identified in four patients (2%), a frequency similar to studies that evaluated subjects with major CHDs in other countries. Despite this similarity, we believe that the low rate of prenatal identification of CHDs and the limited access of these patients to appropriate diagnosis and care, which occur in our region, could have had an influence on this frequency. It is possible that 22q11DS patients with a severe CHD could have died before having a chance to access a tertiary hospital, leading to an underestimate of its frequency. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.