bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MODELING THE THERMAL DEATH OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN CITRUS SYSTEMS
Authors: GABRIEL ALONZO A , BARRIOS ERNIEL B. , AZANZA MARIA PATRICIA V 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT A mathematical model that predicts the decimal reduction time (D72C) of Salmonella Typhimurium (ATTC 13311) as a function of citrus model system (CMS) pH (2.56–4.74), titratable acidity (TA) (0.01–2.76% citric acid) and soluble solids (SS) (4.75–16.85°Brix) was established. The D72C values of the reference strain in different CMS were fitted into a second order model. Regression analysis of variance and goodness‐of‐fit assessments showed that the model was highly significant (P < 0.0001). The linear influences of pH and SS and quadratic influences of all physicochemical properties on D72C were significant (P < 0.05). The smallest positive D72C resulted in pH, TA and SS levels of 3.00, 2.20% citric acid and 16.85°Brix, respectively. Direct and inverse relationships were established between D72C values and pH and D72C values and at >0.65% citric acid TA, respectively. Survival rates were optimum at the SS value of 11.50°Brix when pH is 3.00 and TA is 2.20% citric acid.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDespite being one of the more effective and cheaper means of food preservation, thermal processing has a limitation of being dependent on intrinsic food properties. Therefore, even similar food products, like fruit juices, but with differing physicochemical properties should be subjected to unique process schedules. As the establishment of specific processes for separate food products can be painstakingly difficult, processors often apply generic thermal processes that result in under‐ or overprocessing and negatively affect food safety and quality. Therefore, this study tried to address this gap by developing a predictive model that can estimate the 72C decimal reduction time (D72C) of Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 13311) from the pH, soluble solid (°Brix) and titrable acidity (% citric acid) of citrus juices. Utilization of the model to establish unique thermal processes for specific citrus juices against the pertinent target pathogen is a convenient alternative to the more traditional but rigorous process.
SOLUBILITY OF QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA) EGG WHITE PROTEIN
Authors: OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS DANIELA , SÉLIA DOS REIS COIMBRA JANE , DE SOUSA RITA DE CÁSSIA SUPERBI , DA SILVA CÉSAR AUGUSTO SODRÉ , BARRETO SÉRGIO LUIZ DE TOLEDO , MINIM LUIS ANTÔNIO 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT This work evaluated the influence of different values of pH (3.0, 4.6, 6.0, 8.0, 9.0 and 10.0) and salt concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35 and 0.5) mol/L on the solubility and density of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) egg white proteins for three types of salts (NaCl, Na2SO4and [NH4]2SO4). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, using six pH values, five salt concentration levels and two repetitions. The variations in pH and salt concentration values had a significant effect on the protein solubility data. The highest solubility value (99.40 g/100 g) was obtained in the system containing NaCl (0.1 mol/L), at pH 3.0. The lowest solubility value (63.46 g/100 g) was obtained in the system containing Na2SO4 (0.5 mol/L), at pH 8.0. Under the tested conditions, the aqueous solutions of Na2SO4at 0.5 mol/L and pH 8.0 might lead to a higher protein extraction.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDetermination of protein solubility data are relevant for the food industry and for academic researchers, because they are necessary (1) to define the processing conditions of foods containing different protein sources, (2) to obtain protein concentrates, (3) for the development of the extraction and purification processes of proteins with high aggregate value, such as quail egg white proteins, and (4) to use in the acquirement of other functional properties of foods.
WATER ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF APRICOT KERNELS DURING SOAKING
Authors: CELEN I.H. , KAYISOGLU B. , KAYISOGLU S. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to investigate water absorption characteristics of apricot kernels using Peleg's model between temperatures of 20 and 50C. The Peleg constant K1 decreased from 5.52 × 10−2 to 1.63 × 10−2/h% for apricot kernels with increasing temperature from 20 to 50C. An inverse linear relationship was found for the soaking temperature and Peleg constant K1, while Peleg constant K2 was unaffected by the soaking temperature. The predictive capability of Peleg's equation for apricot kernels was tested, and differences between experimental and predicted moisture content values were not significant at 5% level (P < 0.05). The average activation energy (Ea) for K1 was 29.4 kJ/mol.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTechnological processing of shells and kernels includes a washing, sorting, cracking and separation process. Apricot kernels are subject to major quality loss during processing. Especially the relationship between kernels and water is important during the washing process. The diffusion of moisture into the kernel during moisture addition is influenced by the water temperature. In such operations, it is desirable to predict the diffusion of moisture as a function of time and temperature.
EFFECTS OF STEAMING AND KNEADING WITH PRESTEAMING TREATMENTS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS GENOTYPES OF SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.)
Authors: SHAO YI‐YUAN , HUANG YU‐CHING 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT Five genotypes of sweet potato available in Taiwan, including TNG66, TNG57, TYY1, WP and TNG68, were used as samples for investigating the effects of steaming and kneading with presteaming treatments on the physicochemical properties of steamed lumps and kneaded pastes. Compared to steamed lumps, kneading changed pastes with reduced hardness and adhesiveness, greater cohesiveness and similar springiness. The kneading procedure caused more obvious reduction on hardness of lumps from mealy types of sweet potato than the dry type. Kneading from 3 to 25 min had little effect on the texture of the paste . Steaming treatment decreased the Hunter L, a and b values of five genotypes of sweet potato lumps, except for the b values of WP with a high anthocyanin content. Kneading treatment had little effect on color. Hardness, cohesiveness and difficulty to swallow in sensory attributes were significantly positively correlated with each other. Moistness was significantly negatively correlated with the above attributes. The results of the study are useful for producers and manufacturers.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis work shows that steaming and kneading procedures affect the textural parameters and other physicochemical properties of steamed lumps and kneaded pastes of sweet potato. Such information is useful not only for producers but also for manufacturers to choose the optimum genotypes to make products with the desired mouthfeel or texture.
Analysis of Gene Expression in Parkinson's Disease: Possible Involvement of Neurotrophic Support and Axon Guidance in Dopaminergic Cell Death
Authors: Bossers Koen , Meerhoff Gideon , Balesar Rawien , Van Dongen Jeroen W. , Kruse Chris G. , Swaab Dick F. , Verhaagen Joost 
Published: May 2008

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We have studied alterations in gene expression in the substantia nigra, the caudate nucleus and putamen of four PD patients and four matched controls using custom designed Agilent microarrays. To gain insight into changes in gene expression during early stages of dopaminergic neurodegeneration, we selectively investigated the relatively spared parts of the PD substantia nigra, and correlated gene expression changes with alterations in neuronal density. We identified changes in the expression of 287 transcripts in the substantia nigra, 16 transcripts in the caudate nucleus and four transcripts in the putamen. For selected transcripts, transcriptional alterations were confirmed with qPCR on a larger set of seven PD cases and seven matched controls. We detected concerted changes in functionally connected groups of genes. In the PD substantia nigra, we observed strong evidence for a reduction in neurotrophic support and alterations in axon guidance cues. As the changes occur in relatively spared parts of the PD substantia nigra, they suggest novel disease mechanisms involving neurotrophic support and axon guidance in early stages of cellular stress events, ultimately leading to dopaminergic cell death in PD.
Isolation and characterization of 13 microsatellite markers for the viviparous surfperch Ditrema temmincki (Embiotocidae) and cross‐species amplification
Authors: TAKAGI MOTOHIRO , SAKAI KUMIKO , TANIGUCHI NOBUHIKO 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThirteen microsatellite loci were isolated from a size‐selected genomic library of the surfperch (Ditrema temmincki Bleeker). All loci displayed a high degree of length polymorphism, as observed in the total number of alleles per locus (two to 23) and a high degree of estimated heterozygosity, ranging from 0.080 to 0.893. The primers developed for D. temmincki were also tested for their ability to amplify homologous sequences in D. viride and Neoditrema ransonetii. Distinct differences were observed among three species of surfperches, in both genetic variability and the frequency distribution of the alleles.
Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci for the trematode Curtuteria australis (Echinostomatidae)
Authors: LEUNG TOMMY L. F , KING TANIA M , POULIN ROBERT , KEENEY DEVON B 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTen polymorphic loci were isolated and characterised from the intertidal New Zealand trematode Curtuteria australis. This common parasite manipulates the burrowing behaviour of its abundant bivalve host Austrovenus stutchburyi, with cascading impacts on the biodiversity of intertidal communities. Observed heterozygosities of the 10 loci ranged from 0.500 to 0.905, and three to 14 alleles were detected in 24 trematode metacercariae. These loci are currently being used to investigate the molecular ecology of this species within its intermediate hosts.
Eighteen new tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA markers for Coregonus lavaretus cloned from an alpine lake population
Authors: WINKLER KATHRIN A. , WEISS STEVEN 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe developed 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Coregonus lavaretus from genomic libraries enriched for (GACA)n and (GATA)n repeat sequences. Emphasis was placed on developing highly polymorphic, perfect repeats. These loci were screened in 69 individuals from two alpine populations in Austria. Allelic variation was high with nine to 37 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.37 to 0.95. The high level of polymorphism revealed by these loci will be relevant for population studies in context to the evolutionary history of this species.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the pelagic perciform fish Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) from South Africa
Authors: DOS SANTOS S. M. R. , KLOPPER A. W. , OOSTHUIZEN C. J. , BLOOMER P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEight polymorphic microsatellite loci, containing simple tetranucleotide repeats, were isolated de novo from a Pomatomus saltatrix partial genomic library using the fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats protocol. These loci were further characterized in 100 individuals from two putative populations off the South African east coast. The loci are highly polymorphic with 18–37 alleles (on average 24 alleles/locus) and the observed heterozygosity in both populations was high (0.79). These loci will be used to assess population structuring in P. saltatrix along the southern African coast with consideration of implications for future management of this important linefish species.
Non‐traumatic enophthalmos: a review
Authors: Athanasiov Paul A. , Prabhakaran Venkatesh C. , Selva Dinesh 
Published: May 2008

Abstract.Enophthalmos can be defined as a relative, posterior displacement of a normal‐sized globe in relation to the bony orbital margin. Non‐traumatic enophthalmos has a wide variety of clinical presentations and may be the first manifestation of a number of local or systemic conditions. It may present with cosmetic problems such as deep superior sulcus, pseudoptosis or eyelid retraction; or functional problems such as diplopia or exposure keratopathy. There are three main pathogenic mechanisms: structural alterations in the bony orbit; orbital fat atrophy; and retraction. Evaluation of enophthalmos patients includes orbital imaging and a thorough ophthalmic and systemic examination. In this review, we discuss the presenting features of non‐traumatic enophthalmos and include a brief description of the more important causes. An approach to the clinical evaluation of these patients is also discussed together with a brief overview of the principles of management.
More Good Than Harm: Legal Orphans and the New Jersey Post‐Termination Project
Authors: Floria Judge Sallyanne 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTIn 1997, Congress enacted the Adoption and Safe Families Act to increase the rate at which states achieve permanent placements for children in foster care. Despite the Congressional mandate, the rate of permanent placements has lagged. This article discusses the development and implementation of the Post‐Termination Project employed by the New Jersey Superior Court—Essex Vicinage to address the rate at which permanent placements are achieved. The Project, which relies upon a multi‐agency approach overseen by a single judge, has been successful at increasing the permanent placement rate in the Essex Vicinage.
Diverse developmental mutants revealed in an activation-tagged population of poplarThis article is one of a selection of papers published on the Special Issue of Poplar Research in Canada.
Authors: Harrison Edward J. , Bush Michael , Plett Jonathan M. , McPhee Daniel P. , Vitez Robin , O’Malley Brendan , Sharma Vijaya , Bosnich Whynn , Séguin Armand , MacKay John , Regan Sharon 
Published: May 2008

We have produced the largest population of activation-tagged poplar trees to date, approximately 1800 independent lines, and report on phenotypes of interest that have been identified in tissue culture and greenhouse conditions. Activation tagging is an insertional mutagenesis technique that results in the dominant upregulation of an endogenous gene. A large-scale Agrobacterium -mediated transformation protocol was used to transform the pSKI074 activation-tagging vector into Populus tremula × Populus alba hybrid poplar. We have screened the first 1000 lines for developmental abnormalities and have a visible mutant frequency of 2.4%, with alterations in leaf and stem structure as well as overall stature. Most of the phenotypes represent new phenotypes that have not previously been identified in poplar and, in some cases, not in any other plant either. Molecular analysis of the T-DNA inserts of a subpopulation of mutant lines reveal both single and double T-DNA inserts with double inserts more common in lines with visible phenotypes. The broad range of developmental mutants identified in this pilot screen of the population reveals that it will be a valuable resource for gene discovery in poplar. The full value of this population will only be realized as we screen these lines for a wide range of phenotypes.
Populus trichocarpa MONOPTEROS/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5(ARF5) genes: comparative structure, sub-functionalization, andPopulus–ArabidopsismicrosyntenyThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.
Authors: Johnson Lee A. , Douglas Carl J. 
Published: May 2008

The genome of Populus (poplar) has been shaped by a whole genome duplication event specific to the salicoid lineage. The MONOPTEROS (MP)/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5 (ARF5) transcription factor plays a key role in auxin-mediated morphogenesis and vascular development in Arabidopsis , and may play a similar role in secondary xylem development in Populus. We used EST and genome sequence information to identify and characterize two duplicated Populus MP genes, PoptrMP1 and PoptrMP2. PoptrMP1 and PoptrMP2 DNA binding and other domains are highly conserved relative to Arabidopsis MP, while the glutamine-rich middle domains are divergent. The two PoptrMP genes are located on duplicated regions of linkage groups II and V. Comparative analysis of the surrounding genes in both the Populus and Arabidopsis genomes revealed a high degree of conservation of gene content and order extending over 11 genes in the immediate vicinity, but also specific changes to genomic regions surrounding each MP locus, providing insights into genome evolution. Expression studies showed that PoptrMP1 and PoptrMP2 have overlapping but distinct expression patterns, suggesting that subfunctionalization of the duplicated genes has occurred, with PoptrMP1 specialized for expression in developing secondary xylem. Transgenic Populus lines overexpressing PoptrMP1 exhibited a 2–4 fold increase in expression of a Populus AtHB8 homolog, a proposed MP target gene, confirming conservation of this regulatory module.
Species-specific single nucleotide polymorphism markers for detecting hybridization and introgression in poplarThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.
Authors: Meirmans Patrick G. , Lamothe Manuel , Périnet Pierre , Isabel Nathalie 
Published: May 2008

The increasing use of exotic and hybrid poplar species in forestry and the lack of genetic barriers between most poplar species may present a risk to the genetic integrity of native poplar species. To monitor any spontaneous hybridization and (or) introgression from exotics into native species, it is essential to have a system for the quick and reliable identification of species. We developed a set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that allows the distinction between five commercially important species of poplar ( Populus balsamifera L., Populus deltoides Marsh., Populus trichocarpa Toor. ex Gray, Populus nigra L., and Populus maximowiczii Henry) and their hybrids. Six genomic regions spanning 6.1 kb were screened at the DNA sequence level to search for discriminating SNPs among the five species. A total of 245 SNPs and indels were found, 86 of which were species specific. A subset of 12 species-specific SNPs was chosen for use with high-throughput SNPstream technology. In addition, 32 species-specific SNPs and indels were found that can be assayed using restriction enzymes. Application of the developed markers to a set of hybrid clones showed that the markers are not only useful for monitoring introgression but also for the verification of breeding material.
Effects of Corylus cornuta stem density on root suckering and rooting depth of Populus tremuloidesThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.
Authors: Mundell Theresa L. , Landhäusser Simon M. , Lieffers Victor J. 
Published: May 2008

Trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) is capable of regenerating vegetatively through the formation of adventitious shoots (suckers) from roots. This field study investigated how sucker regeneration following harvest of aspen is affected by understories of beaked hazel ( Corylus cornuta Marsh.). Aspen stands with a high density of understory hazel (>45 000 stems per hectare (sph)) or a low density (<5000 sph) were cut in the fall. After one growing season, aspen sucker density and growth were assessed. Soil trenches were excavated to examine the root density and rooting depth of both aspen and hazel. Aspen sucker regeneration was 68 200 sph in areas with low hazel density and 43 600 sph in areas with high hazel density; the cross-sectional surface area of aspen roots in shallow soil layers (0–10 cm) was significantly lower under high densities of hazel. As aspen usually produces most of its root suckers from shallow roots, the reduction of roots in the upper 10 cm of the soil was the likely cause of lower sucker densities. Height growth of the suckers was not influenced by pre-harvest hazel density, possibly owing to high light transmission as a result of the reduced leaf area of the hazel after the harvest.
Beyond “fire temperatures”: calibrating thermocouple probes and modeling their response to surface fires in hardwood fuels
Authors: Bova Anthony S. , Dickinson Matthew B. 
Published: May 2008

The maximum temperatures of thermocouples, temperature-sensitive paints, and calorimeters exposed to flames in wildland fires are often called “fire temperatures” but are determined as much by the properties and deployment of the measurement devices as by the fires themselves. Rather than report device temperatures that are not generally comparable among studies, we show that maximum and time-integrated temperatures of relatively thick (4.8 mm diameter) type-K thermocouple probes (TCPs) can be calibrated to estimate fuel consumption and fire line intensity in surface fires. Although reporting standard fire characteristics is an improvement over reporting device temperatures, TCPs are not ideal instruments for monitoring surface fires, because they provide only point estimates of fire behavior and must be calibrated for different fire environments, TCP characteristics, and deployments. To illustrate how TCPs respond to fires and to point the way towards a more general calibration method, we report results from a numerical model that accurately simulated TCP response to a spreading surface fire.
Fire history and the establishment of oaks and maples in second-growth forests
Authors: Hutchinson Todd F. , Long Robert P. , Ford Robert D. , Sutherland Elaine Kennedy 
Published: May 2008

We used dendrochronology to examine the influence of past fires on oak and maple establishment. Six study units were located in southern Ohio, where organized fire control began in 1923. After stand thinning in 2000, we collected basal cross sections from cut stumps of oak (n = 137) and maple (n = 204). The fire history of each unit was developed from the oaks, and both oak and maple establishment were examined in relation to fire history. Twenty-six fires were documented from 1870 to1933; thereafter, only two fires were identified. Weibull median fire-return intervals ranged from 9.1 to 11.3 years for the period ending 1935; mean fire occurrence probabilities (years/fires) for the same period ranged from 11.6 to 30.7 years. Among units, stand initiation began ca. 1845 to 1900, and virtually no oak recruitment was recorded after 1925. Most maples established after the cessation of fires. In several units, the last significant fire was followed immediately by a large pulse of maple establishment and the cessation of oak recruitment, indicating a direct relationship between fire cessation and a shift from oak to maple establishment.