bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Reactions in Ionic Liquids: Ionic Liquid‐Accelerated Facile Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl‐2,4‐thiazolidinediones.
Authors: Yang De‐Hong , Yang Ben‐Yong , Chen Zhen‐Chu , Chen Song‐Ying , Zheng Qin‐Guo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel Benzoic Acid Derivatives with Benzothiazolyl Subunit and Evaluation as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors.
Authors: Rakowitz Dietmar , Henning Barbara , Nagano Marietta , Steger Stefan , Costantino Luca , Matuszczak Barbara 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New 3‐Methylidenepentane‐1,5‐dianion Synthon: Synthesis of Perhydropyrano[2,3‐b]pyrans and 1,7‐Dioxaspiro[4.5]decanes.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Melendez Jaisiel , Yus Miguel 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Acid‐Catalyzed Homoallylic Rearrangement of Cyclopropylsilylmethanols: An Efficient Route to Z‐Homoallyl Derivatives.
Authors: Honda Mitsunori , Yamamoto Yuichi , Tsuchida Hideji , Segi Masahito , Nakajima Tadashi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Cross‐Metathesis of C‐Allyl‐glycosides.
Authors: Timmer Mattie S. M. , Chumillas Marta Vinciano , Donker‐Koopman Wilma E. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van Boom Jacques H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic and Structural Properties of Isolated and Assembled Clusters
Authors: Bansmann J. , Baker S. H. , Binns C. , Blackman J. A. , Bucher J.‐P. , Dorantes‐Davila J. , Dupuis V. , Favre L. , Kechrakos D. , Kleibert A. , et al. et al. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lead Determination on MWNT/Nafion Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Xu Qin , Liu Ni‐Na , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA composite material of nitric acid oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and Nafion was prepared. Such composite was modified on a glassy carbon electrode to determine trace of lead by differential pulsed voltammetry. In pH=6.47 NaNO3 solution, Pb2+ ions were accumulated on the modified electrode at −0.4 V. Compared with a bare and a Nafion film coated electrode, the composite coated GC electrode can reduce the accumulating potential and eliminate the toxic character of mercury. The calibration plots were linear at low concentration of 5.0×10−9–2.0×10−8 mol/L and high concentration of 2.5×10−8–5.0×10−6 mol/L. The performances characteristics indicate that the electrode can be used to determine trace Pb2+ ions.
Lanthanide Thiolate Complexes: Novel Initiators for Ring‐opening Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactone
Authors: Sun Hong‐Mei , Li Huan‐Rong , Yao Chang‐Sheng , Yao Ying‐Ming , Sheng Hong‐Ting , Shen Qi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) using lanthanide thiolate complexes [(CH3C5H4)2Sm(μ‐SPh)(THF)] 2 (1) and Sm(SPh)3(HMPA)3 (2) as initiators has been investigated for the first time. Both of 1 and 2 were found to be highly efficient initiators for the ROP of ε‐CL. The poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with molecular weight Mn up to 1.97×105 and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (1.20< Mw/Mn<2.00) have been obtained in high yield in the temperature range of 35–65 °C. According to the polymer yield, 2 showed much higher activity than 1. However, the number‐average molecular weight of PCL obtained with 2 was much lower than with 1. The possible polymerization mechanism of the ε‐CL polymerization has been proposed based on the results of the end group analysis of the ε‐CL oligomer.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of FAAH Inhibitors: Cyclohexylcarbamic Acid Biphenyl Esters with Chemical Modulation at the Proximal Phenyl Ring
Authors: Tarzia Giorgio , Duranti Andrea , Gatti Giuseppe , Piersanti Giovanni , Tontini Andrea , Rivara Silvia , Lodola Alessio , Plazzi Pier Vincenzo , Mor Marco , Kathuria Satish , Piomelli Daniele 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a serine hydrolase that catalyzes the intracellular hydrolysis of fatty acid ethanolamides such as anandamide and oleoylethanolamide. Targeting this enzyme may have important therapeutic potentials owing to the multiple physiological roles of these amides. Cyclohexylcarbamic acid biphenyl‐3‐yl ester (URB524) was one of the most promising FAAH inhibitors so far described. We report the modulation of the electronic and steric features of the proximal phenyl ring of this compound by introducing a series of substituents at the ortho and para positions. pIC50 values were found to correlate with molecular features thought to be involved in the recognition step such as steric hindrance and hydrogen‐bonding ability. Derivatives with small polar groups at the para position of the proximal phenyl ring were slightly better FAAH inhibitors than the parent compound URB524.
Impact of coping skills intervention with family caregivers of hospice patients with cancer
Authors: McMillan Susan C. , Small Brent J. , Weitzner Michael , Schonwetter Ronald , Tittle Mary , Moody Linda , Haley William E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDFamily caregivers for cancer patients experience high levels of stress and burden and diminished quality of life (QOL). Interventions to improve coping skills of caregivers have been shown to be effective with other populations, but their impact has not been assessed in the difficult context of hospice care. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hospice plus a coping skill training intervention improved family caregivers' QOL, burden, coping, and mastery, compared with hospice plus emotional support, and usual hospice care.METHODSA three group randomized controlled trial was conducted including baseline, 16 day, and 30 day assessments conducted from March 1999 to May 2003. The sample consisted of 354 family caregivers of community dwelling hospice patients with advanced cancer. Patient/caregiver dyads were randomly divided into three groups, including a control group (n = 109) who received standard hospice care, a group (n = 109) who received standard hospice care plus three supportive visits, and a group (n = 111) who received standard care plus three visits to teach a coping skills intervention. Primary outcomes included caregiver QOL, caregiver burden due to patient symptoms, caregiver burden due to tasks, and caregiver mastery.RESULTSAt the 30‐day follow‐up, the coping skills intervention led to significantly greater improvement in caregiver QOL (estimate = −0.16, standard error [SE] = 0.07, P = 0.03), burden of patient symptoms (estimate = 0.28, SE = 0.07, P < 0.001), and caregiving task burden (estimate = −0.01, SE = 0.01, P = 0.038) than did the other two conditions. None of the groups showed significant change in overall caregiving mastery, caregiver mastery specific to caregiving tasks, problem‐focused or emotion‐focused coping.CONCLUSIONSThe coping skills intervention was effective in improving caregiver QOL, reducing burden related to patients' symptoms, and caregiving tasks compared with hospice care alone or hospice plus emotional support. Structured caregiver skill‐training interventions for caregivers are promising even in the difficult environment of end‐of‐life care and for families already receiving benefits of hospice care. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Co‐overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 3 and epidermal growth factor receptor is correlated with the development of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Tai Amy L.S. , Sham Jonathan S.T. , Xie Dan , Fang Yan , Wu Yi‐Long , Hu Liang , Deng Wen , Tsao George S.W. , Qiao Gui‐Bin , Cheung Annie L.M. , Guan Xin‐Yuan 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDLung cancer is a prevalent cancer with a poor prognosis. To develop a useful in vitro cell model, a cell line of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC‐35) was established.METHODSThe SCC‐35 cell was characterized by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY). Chromosome microdissection, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and Southern and Northern blots analyses were used to study target genes.RESULTSTwo amplicons were found at chromosomes 7p12 and 11q13. Amplification and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at 7p12 and fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) at 11q13 were found. To understand the correlation between these two genes in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) more comprehensively, overexpression of FGF3 and EGFR was investigated by immunohistochemistry with a tissue microarray containing 406 NSCLC samples. Cytoplasmic overexpression of FGF3 and EGFR was detected in 61% and 69% NSCLC cases, respectively. More interestingly, a significant correlation between overexpression of FGF3 and EGFR was found in NSCLC.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that co‐overexpression of FGF3 and EGFR may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung carcinoma. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Similar response rates and superior early progression‐free survival with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin salvage therapy compared with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan salvage therapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for recurrent or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kuruvilla John , Nagy Tracy , Pintilie Melania , Tsang Richard , Keating Armand , Crump Michael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to compare the response rates, ability to mobilize autologous hematopoietic (peripheral blood) stem cells (PBSCs), and progression‐free survival (PFS) after second‐line chemotherapy with either gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) or carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (mini‐BEAM) followed by high‐dose therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for patients with recurrent or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.METHODSThe outcomes of 68 consecutive patients who were referred for salvage therapy (34 patients received mini‐BEAM, and 34 patients received GDP) were compared retrospectively. Patients received mini‐BEAM as inpatient treatment every 3–4 weeks, whereas GDP was administered on an outpatient basis every 3 weeks. Responding patients proceeded to stem cell mobilization, followed by high dose etoposide and melphalan, and ASCT. Patients who had disease bulk at recurrence that measured > 5 cm received involved‐field radiation post‐ASCT.RESULTSThe response rate to GDP prior to ASCT (complete responses, unconfirmed complete responses, and partial responses) was 62% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 45–78%) compared with 68% (95% CI, 52–83%) for mini‐BEAM (P = 0.61). After mobilizing chemotherapy, the proportion of patients for whom the target PBSC number of ≥ 5 × 106 CD34‐positive cells/kg was obtained was 97% after GDP and 57% after MB (P = 0.0003). More patients completed collection with a single apheresis procedure after GDP than after mini‐BEAM (73% vs. 36%; P = 0.004), and fewer patients in the GDP group required bone marrow harvesting to proceed to ASCT. After a median follow‐up of 1.8 years after ASCT, PFS was significantly better for patients who received GDP compared with patients who received mini‐BEAM (74% vs. 35% at 1.5 yrs, respectively; P = 0.005). Overall survival at 1.5 years was 91% after GDP and 82% after mini‐BEAM (P = 0.23).CONCLUSIONSAlthough this was a retrospective analysis, response to GDP and early PFS after ASCT compared favorably with mini‐BEAM salvage chemotherapy. Based on these data, the authors believe that a Phase III trial comparing GDP with mini‐BEAM or other platinum‐containing regimens is warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Neurogranin expression identifies a novel array of Purkinje cell parasagittal stripes during mouse cerebellar development
Authors: Larouche Matt , Che Priscilla M. , Hawkes Richard 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMarkers that reveal the parasagittal organization of cerebellar Purkinje cells may be grouped into two classes based on the time during development when they are expressed. In mice, early‐onset markers are defined by their heterogeneous expression in clusters of Purkinje cells during late embryogenesis, which disappears shortly following birth. Late‐onset markers are generally not expressed until about 1 week after birth and do not reach a stable striped expression pattern until about 3 weeks postnatally. Currently, no endogenous markers are known that are heterogeneously expressed in the temporal gap between these two classes. Here we present immunocytochemical evidence that parasagittal stripes of Purkinje cells express a member of the calpacitin protein family, neurogranin, possibly from as early as embryonic day (E) 13 and definitively from E15, in a pattern that persists up to postnatal day (P) 20. Neurogranin is thus the first endogenous marker of a Purkinje cell subset capable of bridging the temporal gap between the early‐ and late‐onset patterns. In the early neonate, up to five pairs of neurogranin‐immunopositive Purkinje cell stripes run parasagittally through the cerebellum, with the exact number dependent on the rostrocaudal position. Expression is lost during postnatal development in a transverse zone‐dependent fashion. Purkinje cells in the central and nodular zones lose neurogranin expression between approximately P4 and P6, whereas expression in the posterior zone persists until approximately P20. Neurogranin immunoreactivity will be a valuable tool in helping to clarify the relationships between early‐ and late‐onset patterns. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:215–227, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping heparanase expression in the spinal cord of adult rats
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yeung Man‐Nga , Liu Jun , Chau Chi‐Ho , Chan Ying‐Shing , Shum Daisy K.Y. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis work addresses the cellular localization of heparanase and its colocalization with syndecan‐3, a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan in spinal cords of adult rats. Reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and in situ hybridization for the heparanase transcript revealed expression in neurons and white matter glia. This was confirmed by immunohistochemistry showing cytoplasmic localization of the heparanase protein. Double immunofluorescence for heparanase and syndecan‐3 revealed colocalization of the proteins in cell bodies of neurons and oligodendrocytes, suggestive of constitutive expression in these cell types. In contrast, only subpopulations of astrocytes and NG2‐expressing glia in the white matter expressed heparanase, and these did not show expression of syndecan‐3. Cultures of astrocytes further evidenced upregulation of heparanase expression with TGF‐β1 treatment, but no accompanying upregulation of syndecan‐3 was detectable. These first findings of heparanase expression in the adult cord therefore provide the cellular basis for understanding functional interactions of heparanase and syndecan‐3 in the normal neural network or otherwise in glial reactions to spinal cord injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:345–357, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoskeletal organization of the developing mouse olfactory nerve layer
Authors: Akins Michael R. , Greer Charles A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractOlfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axonal extension and targeting occur within the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) of the olfactory bulb (OB). The ONL can be differentiated into sublaminae: the outer (ONLo), where axons broadly target regions of the OB in tight fascicles, and inner (ONLi), where axons perform final targeting in loosely organized fascicles. During perinatal development, cadherin‐2 and its binding partner, γ‐catenin, are preferentially expressed by OSN axons in the ONLo vs. the ONLi. Given the expression of these cytoskeleton‐associated molecules, we hypothesized that cytoskeletal elements of OSN axons may be differentially expressed across the ONL. We therefore examined cytoskeletal organization of OSN axons in the ONL, focusing on the day of birth (P0). We show that microfilaments, microtubules, and the intermediate filament (IF) vimentin are homogeneously expressed across the ONL at P0. In contrast, the IFs peripherin and α‐internexin are preferentially localized to the ONLo at P0, with α‐internexin expressed by a restricted subset of OSNs. We also show that OSN axons in the ONLo are significantly smaller than those in the ONLi. The data demonstrate that, as OSN axons begin to exit the ONLo and target a specific region of the OB, there is a down‐regulation of cytoskeletal elements and bound extracellular adhesion molecules. The increase in axon diameter may reflect additional mechanisms involved in glomerular targeting or the formation of the large terminal boutons of OSN axons within glomeruli. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:358–367, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurochemical and electrophysiological characteristics of rat striatal neurons in primary culture
Authors: Falk Torsten , Zhang Shiling , Erbe Emilie L. , Sherman Scott J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNeurons maintained in dispersed primary culture offer a number of advantages as a model system and are particularly well‐suited for studies of the intrinsic electrical properties of neurons by patch clamp. We have characterized the immunocytochemical and electrophysiological properties of cultured rat striatal neurons as they develop in vitro in order to compare this model system with the known properties found in vivo. We found a high abundance of cells in vitro corresponding to the principal striatal output neuron, the medium spiny neuron. Immunocytochemical studies indicate that these cells have both dopamine‐1 and dopamine‐2 receptors and that there is overlap in their expression within the population of neurons. Semiquantitative analysis revealed bimodal distributions of dopamine receptor expression among the population of neurons. The principal peptide neurotransmitters substance P and enkephalin were present but at reduced levels compared with adult preparations. Other striatal markers such as calbindin, calretinin, and the cannabinoid‐1 receptor were abundant. An immunocytochemical survey of voltage‐gated K+ channel subunits characteristic of adult tissue demonstrated the presence in vitro of Kv1.1, Kv1.4, Kv4.2, Kv4.3, and Kvβ1.1, which have been associated with the rapidly inactivating currents. Electrophysiological studies employing voltage clamp revealed that outward currents had a large inactivating (A‐type) component characteristic of mature basal ganglia. Current clamp studies reveal complex spontaneous firing patterns in a subset of neurons, including bursting behaviors superimposed on a slow depolarization. The inward rectifying channels Kir2.1 and Kir2.3, which are specific to particular compartments in adult striatum, were present in culture. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:275–289, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ab Initio Group Contribution Method for Activation Energies of Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions
Authors: Saeys Mark , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Waroquier Michel , Marin Guy B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe group contribution method for activation energies is applied to hydrogen abstraction reactions. To this end an ab initio database was constructed, which consisted of activation energies calculated with the ab initio CBS‐QB3 method for a limited set of well‐chosen homologous reactions. CBS‐QB3 is shown to predict reaction rate coefficients within a factor of 2–4 and Arrhenius activation energies within 3–5 kJ mol−1 of experimental data. Activation energies in the set of homologous reactions vary over 156 kJ mol−1 with the structure of the abstracting radical and over 94 kJ mol−1 with the structure of the abstracted hydrocarbon. The parameters required for the group contribution method, the so‐called standard activation group additivity values, were determined from this database. To test the accuracy of the group contribution method, a large set of 88 additional activation energies were calculated from first principles and compared with the predictions from the group contribution method. It was found that the group contribution method yields accurate activation energies for hydrogen‐transfer reactions between hydrogen molecules, alkylic hydrocarbons, and vinylic hydrocarbons, with the largest deviations being less than 6 kJ mol−1. For reactions between allylic and propargylic hydrocarbons, the transition state is believed to be stabilized by resonance effects, thus requiring the introduction of an appropriate correction term to obtain a reliable prediction of the activation energy for this subclass of hydrogen abstraction reactions.
First Hyperpolarizabilities of 1,3,5‐Tricyanobenzene Derivatives: Origin of Larger β Values for the Octupoles than for the Dipoles
Authors: Lee Sang Hae , Park Jo Ryoung , Jeong Mi‐Yun , Kim Hwan Myung , Li Shaojun , Song Jongwon , Ham Sihyun , Jeon Seung‐Joon , Cho Bong Rae 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA series of donor–acceptor substituted stilbene and diphenylacetylene derivatives and their octupolar analogues have been synthesized and the linear and nonlinear optical properties (β) studied by both experiments and theoretical calculation. The λmax of the dipoles increases with the conjugation length and is always larger when the CC bond is used, instead of the C≡C bond, as the conjugation bridge. Although the λmax values of the octupoles show no clear trend, they are much larger than those of the dipoles. The β(0) values of the dipoles increase with conjugation length and as the conjugation bridge is changed from the C≡C to CC bond. This increase is accompanied by an increase in either λmax or the oscillator strength. Similarly, the β(0) values of the octupoles increase with the conjugation length and with a change in the donor in the order: NEt2<N(i‐amyl)Ph<NPh2. Moreover, βyyy/βzzz ratios are in the range of 1.6–3.9 and decrease with the conjugation length. β values calculated by the finite‐field and sum‐over‐states methods are in good agreement with the experimental data. Also, there is a parallel relationship between the calculated β values and bond length alternation (BLA). From these results, the origin of the larger β values for octupoles than for dipoles is assessed.
CD56brightCD16– NK cells accumulate in psoriatic skin in response to CXCL10 and CCL5 and exacerbate skin inflammation
Authors: Ottaviani Chiara , Nasorri Francesca , Bedini Chiara , de Pità Ornella , Girolomoni Giampiero , Cavani Andrea 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated skin disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and altered keratinocyte differentiation. Using immunohistochemical techniques we found that the cellular infiltrate in acute psoriatic plaques includes 5–8% CD3–CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells, mostly localized in the mid and papillary dermis. NK lymphocytes isolated from punch biopsy specimens of psoriatic plaques showed a CD56brightCD16–CD158b– phenotype, failed to express the skin homing cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen and released abundant IFN‐γ upon stimulation. Supernatants from psoriatic NK cells induced MHC class II and ICAM‐1 expression and release of CXCL10 and CCL5 by cultured psoriatic keratinocytes. Skin NK cells expressed high levels of the chemokines receptors CXCR3 and CCR5, intermediate amounts of CXCR1, CCR6 and CCR8, and low levels of CCR1, CCR2, CCR4, CCR7 and CX3CR1. In addition, they promptly migrated in vitro toward CXCL10, CCL5, supernatants of IFN‐γ‐activated psoriatic keratinocytes and, to a lower extent, CCL20 and CCL4. In contrast, they failed to migrate toward CXCL8, CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL17, CCL19 and CX3CL1. Taken together, our results implicate NK lymphocytes as newly identified protagonists in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Their distinctive homing properties should be taken into account in the design of specific therapy aimed at blocking pathogenic cell accumulation in the skin.