bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling up of a Self‐Confined Catalytic Hybridization Circuit for Robust microRNA Imaging
Authors: Gong Xue , Li Ruomeng , Zhang Jiajia , Zhang Pu , Jiang Zhongwei , Hu Lianzhe , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Yi , Wang Fuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe precise regulation of cellular behaviors within a confined, crowded intracellular environment is highly amenable in diagnostics and therapeutics. While synthetic circuitry system through a concatenated chemical reaction network has rarely been reported to mimic dynamic self‐assembly system. Herein, a catalytic self‐defined circuit (CSC) for the hierarchically concatenated assembly of DNA domino nanostructures is engineered. By incorporating pre‐sealed symmetrical fragments into the preying hairpin reactants, the CSC system allows the hierarchical DNA self‐assembly via a microRNA (miRNA)‐powered self‐sorting catalytic hybridization reaction. With minimal strand complexity, this self‐sustainable CSC system streamlined the circuit component and achieved localization‐intensified cascaded signal amplification. Profiting from the self‐adaptively concatenated hybridization reaction, a reliable and robust method has been achieved for discriminating carcinoma tissues from the corresponding para‐carcinoma tissues. The CSC‐sustained self‐assembly strategy provides a comprehensive and smart toolbox for organizing various hierarchical DNA nanostructures, which may facilitate more insights for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic assessment.
Allometric Scaling Reveals Evolutionary Constraint on Odonata Wing Cellularity via Critical Crack Length
Authors: Eshghi Shahab , Rajabi Hamed , Shafaghi Shaghayegh , Nabati Fatemeh , Nazerian Sana , Darvizeh Abolfazl , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScaling in insect wings is a complex phenomenon that seems pivotal in maintaining wing functionality. In this study, the relationship between wing size and the size, location, and shape of wing cells in dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) is investigated, aiming to address the question of how these factors are interconnected. To this end, WingGram, the recently developed computer‐vision‐based software, is used to extract the geometric features of wing cells of 389 dragonflies and damselfly wings from 197 species and 16 families. It has been found that the cell length of the wings does not depend on the wing size. Despite the wide variation in wing length (8.42 to 56.5 mm) and cell length (0.1 to 8.5 mm), over 80% of the cells had a length ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, which was previously identified as the critical crack length of the membrane of locust wings. An isometric scaling of cells is also observed with maximum size in each wing, which increased as the size increased. Smaller cells tended to be more circular than larger cells. The results have implications for bio‐mimetics, inspiring new materials and designs for artificial wings with potential applications in aerospace engineering and robotics.
Iodine Modulates the MACl‐Assisted Growth of FAPbI3 for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Junnan , Ahn Jae Won , Xu Zhaojian , Jeong Min Ju , Kim Chanhyeok , Noh Jun Hong , Min Hanul , Rand Barry P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe preferential growth of α‐phase formamidinium perovskite (α‐FAPbI3) at low temperatures can be achieved with the incorporation of chloride‐based additives, with methylammonium chloride (MACl) being the most common example. However, compared to other less‐volatile chloride additives, MACl only remains in the growing perovskite film for a short time before evaporating during annealing, primarily influencing the early stages of film formation. In addition, evaporation of MACl as methylamine (MA0) and HCl can introduce a side reaction between MA0 and formamidinium (FA), undermining the compositional purity and phase stability of α‐FAPbI3. In this study, it is demonstrated that addition of iodine (I2) into the FAPbI3 precursor solution containing MACl suppresses the MA‐FA side reaction during annealing. Additionally, MACl evaporation is delayed owing to strong interaction with triiodide. The added I2 facilitates spontaneous growth of α‐FAPbI3 prior to annealing, with an improved bottom morphology due to the formation of fewer byproducts. Perovskite solar cells derived from an I2‐incorporated solution deliver a champion power conversion efficiency of 25.2% that is attributed to suppressed non‐radiative recombination.
Sustainedly High‐Rate Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi‐Carbon Products on Nickel Oxygenate/Copper Interfacial Catalysts
Authors: Mao Xuejiao , Chang Chun‐Wai , Li Zhiguo , Han Zishan , Gao Jiachen , Lyons Mason , Sterbinsky George , Guo Yong , Zhang Bo , Wang Yaogang , Wang Xinyu , Han Daliang , Yang Quan‐Hong , Feng Zhenxing , Weng Zhe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCopper (Cu) is the most attractive electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction to multi‐carbon (C2+) products with high economic value in considerable amounts. However, the rational design of a structurally stable Cu‐based catalyst that can achieve high activity and stability towards C2+ products remain a grand challenge. Here, a highly stable nickel oxygenate/Cu electrocatalyst is developed with abundant NiOOH/Cu interfaces by in situ electrochemical reconstruction. The nickel oxygenate/Cu electrocatalyst achieves a superior Faradaic efficiency of 86.3 ± 3.0% and a record partial current density of 2085 A g−1 for C2+ products with long‐term stability. In situ experimental and theoretical studies demonstrates that the exceptional performance in generating C2+ products is attributed to the presence of the NiOOH/Cu interfaces which increase *CO coverage, lower energy barrier for *CO coupling and stabilize *OCCO simultaneously. This work provides new insights into the rational design of electrocatalysts to achieve stable and efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction capabilities.
Psychological safety and perceived organizational support in emergency medicine residencies
Authors: Goodrich Margaret , McCabe Kerry , Basford Jesse , Bambach Kimberly , Kraut Aaron , Love Jeffrey N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical learning environment (CLE) is a key focus of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education. It impacts knowledge acquisition and professional development. A previous single‐center study evaluated the psychological safety and perceived organizational support of the CLE across different specialties. Building on this work, we explored and evaluated psychological safety and perceived organizational support across multiple heterogeneous emergency medicine (EM) residencies to identify trends and factors affecting perceptions of the CLE.MethodsUsing the Psychological Safety Scale (PSS) and Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS), residents from seven U.S. EM residencies were surveyed using REDCap software from September through November 2021, with 300 potential respondents. As an adjunct to these surveys, three open‐ended questions were included regarding features of their learning environments.ResultsA total of 137 out of 300 residents completed the survey. The overall response rate was 45.7%. There was a variable response rate across programs (26.0%–96.7%). Pooled results demonstrate an overall positive perception of CLEs, based on positive mean responses (i.e., “Members of my department are able to bring up problems and tough issue” had a mean of 4.2 on a 5‐point Likert scale). Open responses identified teaching, collegiality, and support from program leadership as supportive features of the CLE. Confrontational interdisciplinary communication, a sense of being devalued, and off‐service rotations were identified as threats or areas for improvement to the CLE.ConclusionsPSS and SPOS scores were generally positive in this multi‐institution study, consistent with the prior single‐institution study indicating that EM is often considered psychologically safe and supportive. EM training programs can consider using the PSS/SPOS to audit their own programs to identify areas for improvement and foster supportive features already in place.
Cover crops and reduced tillage did not alter soil chemistry in first 3 years
Authors: Prince Czarnecki Joby M. , Baker Beth H. , Hu Jing , Dan Prevost J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCover crops have been promoted for increasing soil organic matter, which is critically low in many mid‐Southern US row crop production fields. This study was conducted to inform adaptive management in the early transition period of conservation adoption. Temporal change in soil chemistry was investigated with a split‐field experiment conducted over a 3‐year period in Mississippi corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotational cropping systems that newly implemented winter cover crops and simultaneously reduced tillage. Relative to the untreated (i.e., winter fallow and multiple tillage passes) half of each study field, the chemical soil properties of the treated (i.e., winter cover crop and reduced tillage) half of each study field were not significantly different at the 0.05 significance level. This was true for soil organic matter, all macronutrients, pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturations, and micronutrients, with the exception of iron. Given these results, it is unlikely that growers adopting cover crops while reducing tillage will be able to accumulate significant soil organic matter in the early transition period.
Weed control efficacy and dry bean response to preemergence herbicide incorporation timing
Authors: Adjesiwor Albert T. , Bhattarai P. , Montgomery C. L.‐M. , Gomm J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractField experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the effect of irrigation timing on S‐ethyl‐N,N‐dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone weed control efficacy and safety in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Treatments consisted of EPTC (3430 g ai ha−1), flumioxazin (53.6 g ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone (119 g ai ha−1), and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone (70.4 + 89.3 g ai ha−1) incorporated with overhead irrigation at 1, 4, and 8 days after herbicide treatment (DAT). A nontreated and hand‐weeded check were included for comparison. Delaying irrigation until 8 DAT resulted in 11% and 19% injury in the pyroxasulfone and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone treatments, respectively, but the crop recovered within 5 weeks after treatment. Delaying irrigation until 8 DAT increased total weed dry weight by 52%. Generally, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone provided better weed control compared to flumioxazin or pyroxasulfone applied alone. Irrigation timing did not influence dry bean yield. Seed yield was 160 kg ha−1 in the nontreated check and 2521 kg ha−1 in the hand‐weeded check. Seed yield in the flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone treatment (2425 kg ha−1) was similar to the hand‐weeded check. Flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone provided very good weed control with acceptable crop safety. While irrigation timing may play a role in flumioxazin or pyroxasulfone injury, other soil and environmental factors may influence dry bean response to these herbicides.
High‐risk multiple myeloma: Redefining genetic, clinical, and functional high‐risk disease in the era of molecular medicine and immunotherapy
Authors: Rees Matthew J. , Kumar Shaji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) exhibits significant heterogeneity in its presentation, genetics, and treatment response. Despite therapeutic advances, some patients continue to relapse early (ER, <18‐months) and rapidly cycle through therapies. Myriad prognostic factors have been identified and incorporated into risk stratification models; however, these produce discordant, often three‐tiered outputs that fail to identify many patients destined for ER. Treatment strategies are increasingly focused on disease biology and trials enriched for high‐risk (HR)MM, but consensus on the minimum required testing and a succinct, specific, and clinically meaningful definition for HRMM remains elusive. We review the risk‐factors, definitions, and future directions for HRMM.
Variation in monthly and seasonal elevation use impacts behavioral and dietary flexibility in Rhinopithecus bieti
Authors: Kraus Jacob B. , Huang Zhi‐Pang , Li Yan‐Pang , Cui Liang‐Wei , Wang Shuang‐Jin , Li Jin‐Fa , Liu Feng , Wang Yun , Strier Karen B. , Xiao Wen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBlack‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) rely on behavioral and dietary flexibility to survive in temperate latitudes at high‐elevation habitats characterized by climate and resource seasonality. However, little is known about how elevation influences their behavioral and dietary flexibility at monthly or seasonal scales. We studied an isolated R. bieti population at Mt. Lasha in the Yunling Provincial Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, between May 2008 and August 2016 to assess the impacts of elevation on feeding behavior and diet. Across our sample, R. bieti occupied elevations between 3031 and 3637 m above mean sea level (amsl), with a 315.1 m amsl range across months and a 247.3 m amsl range across seasons. Contrary to expectations, individuals spent less time feeding when ranging across higher elevations. Lichen consumption correlated with elevation use across months and seasons, with individuals spending more time feeding on this important resource at higher elevations. Leaf consumption only correlated with elevation use during the spring. Our results suggest that R. bieti do not maximize their food intake at higher elevations and that monthly and seasonal changes in lichen and leaf consumption largely explain variation in elevation use. These findings shed light on the responses of R. bieti to environmental change and offer insight into strategies for conserving their habitats in the face of anthropogenic disturbance.
“To honor and remember”: An ethical awakening to African American remains in museums
Authors: Sholts Sabrina B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 2021, amid surging activism in the Movement for Black Lives, the Smithsonian Institution's possession of the remains of thousands of African Americans drew widespread attention. In response, the Smithsonian and its National Museum of Natural History undertook a series of steps to assess these remains and to develop a policy for returning as many as possible to descendants and descendant communities, under changes that would apply to all non‐Native American remains in Smithsonian collections. This paper reviews the actions taken to date and the work that is still in progress or planned. I contextualize these steps more broadly within an “ethical awakening” to African American remains that have long been present, studied, and displayed in collections across the museum community in the United States, where other institutions have faced similar challenges and changes.
Multidimensional Electrochemistry Decodes the Operando Mechanism of Hydrogen Oxidation
Authors: Yang Kaicong , Ma Hualong , Ren Renjie , Xiao Li , Jiang Wenyong , Xie Yu , Wang Gongwei , Lu Juntao , Zhuang Lin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBeing an efficient approach to the utilization of hydrogen energy, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is of particular significance in the current carbon‐neutrality time. Yet the mechanistic picture of the HOR is still blurred, mostly because the elemental steps of this reaction are rapid and highly entangled, especially when deviating from the thermodynamic equilibrium state. Here we report a strategy for decoding the HOR mechanism under operando conditions. In addition to the wide‐potential‐range I–V curves obtained using gas diffusion electrodes, we have applied the AC impedance spectroscopy to provide independent and complementary kinetic information. Combining multidimensional data sources has enabled us to fit, in mathematical rigor, the core kinetic parameter set in a 5‐D data space. The reaction rate of the three elemental steps (Tafel, Heyrovsky, and Volmer reactions), as a function of the overpotential, can thus be distilled individually. Such an undocumented kinetic picture unravels, in detail, how the HOR is controlled by the elemental steps on polarization. For instance, at low polarization region, the Heyrovsky reaction is relatively slow and can be ignored; but at high polarization region, the Heyrovsky reaction will surpass the Tafel reaction. Additionally, the Volmer reaction has been the fastest within overpotentials of interest. Our findings not only offer a better understanding of the HOR mechanism, but also lay the foundation for the development of improved hydrogen energy utilization systems.
Cooperative Photoredox and Cobalt‐Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Cyclopropylamides towards Allylic N,O‐Acyl‐acetal Derivatives
Authors: Huang Haohao , Luan Xinjun , Zuo Zhijun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe disclose herein a novel photoredox and cobalt co‐catalyzed ring‐opening/acceptorless dehydrogenative functionalization of mono‐donor cyclopropanes. This sustainable and atom‐economic approach allows the rapid assembly of a wide range of allylic N,O‐acyl‐acetal derivatives. The starting materials are readily available and the reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility. The optimized conditions accommodate assorted cycloalkylamides and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, with applications in late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, stimulating further utility in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, selective nucleophilic substitutions with various carbon nucleophiles were achieved in a one‐pot fashion, offering a reliable avenue to access some cyclic and acyclic derivatives.
Revealing the Influence of Electron Migration Inside Polymer Electrolyte on Li+ Transport and Interphase Reconfiguration for Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Jin Yingmin , Lin Ruifan , Li Yumeng , Zhang Xuebai , Tan Siping , Shuai Yong , Xiong Yueping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of highly producible and interfacial compatible in situ polymerized electrolytes for solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) have been plagued by insufficient transport kinetics and uncontrollable dendrite propagation. Herein, we seek to explore a rationally designed nanofiber architecture to balance all the criteria of SSLMBs, in which La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC) enriched with high valence‐state Co species and oxygen vacancies is developed as electronically conductive nanofillers embedded within ZnO/Zn3N2‐functionalized polyimide (Zn‐PI) nanofiber framework for the first time, to establish Li+ transport highways for poly vinylene carbonate (PVC) electrolyte and eliminate nonuniform Li deposits. Revealed by characterization and theoretical calculation under electric field, the positive‐negative electrical dipole layer in LSC derived from electron migration between Co and O atoms aids in accelerating Li+ diffusion kinetics through densified electric field around filler particle, featuring a remarkable ionic conductivity of 1.50 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and a high Li+ transference number of 0.91 without the risk of electron leakage. Integrating with the preferential sacrifice of ZnO/Zn3N2 on PI nanofiber upon immediate detection of dendritic Li, which takes part in reconfiguring hierarchical SEI chemistry dominated by LixNy/Li−Zn alloy inner layer and LiF outer layer, SSLMBs are further endowed with prolonged cycling lifespan and exceptional rate capability.
A Dielectric MXene‐Induced Self‐Built Electric Field in Polymer Electrolyte Triggering Fast Lithium‐Ion Transport and High‐Voltage Cycling Stability
Authors: Zhang Baolin , Su Yufeng , Chen Yangyang , Qi Shengguang , Li Mianrui , Zou Wenwu , Jiang Guoxing , Zhang Weifeng , Gao Yuqing , Pan Chenhui , Song Huiyu , Cui Zhiming , Zhang Chuanfang (John) , Liang Zhenxing , Du Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuasi‐solid polymer electrolyte (QPE) lithium (Li)‐metal battery holds significant promise in the application of high‐energy‐density batteries, yet it suffers from low ionic conductivity and poor oxidation stability. Herein, a novel self‐built electric field (SBEF) strategy is proposed to enhance Li+ transportation and accelerate the degradation dynamics of carbon‐fluorine bond cleavage in LiTFSI by optimizing the termination of MXene. Among them, the SBEF induced by dielectric Nb4C3F2 MXene effectively constructs highly conductive LiF‐enriched SEI and CEI stable interfaces, moreover, enhances the electrochemical performance of the QPE. The related Li‐ion transfer mechanism and dual‐reinforced stable interface are thoroughly investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics, COMSOL, XPS depth profiling, and ToF‐SIMS. This comprehensive approach results in a high conductivity of 1.34 mS cm−1, leading to a small polarization of approximately 25 mV for Li//Li symmetric cell after 6000 h. Furthermore, it enables a prolonged cycle life at a high voltage of up to 4.6 V. Overall, this work not only broadens the application of MXene for QPE but also inspires the great potential of the self‐built electric field in QPE‐based high‐voltage batteries.
Similarities and Differences in Benzene Reduction with Ca, Sr, Yb and Sm: Strong Evidence for Tetra‐Anionic Benzene
Authors: Thakur Sandeep Kumar , Roig Nil , Monreal‐Corona Roger , Langer Jens , Alonso Mercedes , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInverse sandwich complexes of Yb and Sm stabilized by a bulky β‐diketiminate (BDI) ligand have been prepared: (BDI)Ln(η6,η6‐C6H6)Ln(BDI); Ln=lanthanide. Coordinated benzene ligands can be neutral, di‐anionic or, often controversially discussed, even tetra‐anionic. The formal charge on benzene is correlated to assignment of the metal oxidation state which generally poses a problem. Herein, we take advantage of the structural similarities found when comparing CaII with YbII, and SrII with SmII complexes. In this work, we found an excellent overlap of the Ca/Yb inverse sandwich structures but a striking difference for the Sr/Sm pair. The much shorter Sm−N and Sm‐C6H6 distances are strong evidence for a SmIII‐benzene−4‐SmIII assignment. This was further supported by NMR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, reactivity and comprehensive computational investigation.
Highly dispersed biochar as a sustainable filler for enhancing mechanical performance and biodegradation of polybutylene succinate
Authors: Noh Seungchan , Kim Dohyeong , Jeong Gayeon , Koo Jun Mo , Koo Jaseung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSustainability has become increasingly important as environmental issues continue to rise. Biodegradable polymers offer a sustainable solution as they use biomass. In this study, biochar (BC) prepared by the pyrolysis of biomass was compounded with polybutylene succinate (PBS) to enhance its Young's modulus, and the residual BC was shown to amend the soil, following degradation. The incorporation of biochar into the PBS matrix is strategically achieved through a BC with treatment involving an aprotic polar solvent. This process not only reduces the size of the biochar particles but also ensures their uniform dispersion within the PBS matrix. As a result, a remarkable 2.5‐fold increase in Young's modulus is observed, reaching an impressive 571.04 MPa, compared with the baseline Young's modulus of neat PBS, which stands at 220.92 MPa. Interestingly, the degradation rate of the resulting composites was comparable to that of neat PBS despite the decrease in the number of potential hydrolysis sites owing to the increased Young's modulus of the PBS/BC composite. These sustainable composite exhibited properties different from those of conventional PBS and is expected to be used in potentially novel applications toward environmental sustainability, such as in agricultural mulch films or electronic printing.