bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITY OF TUBULAR MICROFOSSILS FROM THE EDIACARAN DOUSHANTUO FORMATION AT WENG’AN, SOUTH CHINA
Authors: LIU PENGJU , XIAO SHUHAI , YIN CHONGYU , ZHOU CHUANMING , GAO LINZHI , TANG FENG 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:  This paper provides a systematic treatment of tubular microfossils collected from dolomitic phosphorites of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation at Weng’an, South China. These microfossils were investigated using petrographic, acid extraction and re‐embedding techniques. Four morphological genera and five morphospecies are described: Ramitubus increscens gen. et sp. nov., Ramitubus decrescens gen. et sp. nov., Sinocyclocyclicus guizhouensis, Quadratitubus orbigoniatus, and Crassitubus costatus gen. et sp. nov. They are characterized by cylindrical (R. increscens, R. decrescens, S. guizhouensis and C. costatus) or tetragonal (Q. orbigoniatus) tubes with closely spaced cross‐walls. Ramitubus has mostly complete cross‐walls, whereas all other taxa have regularly intercalated complete and incomplete cross‐walls. Some of them branch dichotomously (R. increscens and R. decrescens), others have a longitudinal ridge running along a curved tube (C. costatus).The palaeoecology, ontogeny, and phylogenetic affinity of these microfossils are still uncertain. They probably represent non‐biomineralizing organisms in the Ediacaran ocean. Ramitubus (and possibly all other morphotaxa described in this paper) was probably benthic and grew unidirectionally and episodically. The incomplete cross‐walls could have been formed through terminal addition or, alternatively, through intercalary insertion. It is possible that some or all morphotaxa described may represent ontogenetic or ecophenotypic variations of one or a few closely related biological species. If so, then the combination of morphological features (complete and incomplete cross‐walls, tetraradial symmetry, and longitudinal ridge) can negate a cyanobacterial or algal interpretation, and point to a tentative cnidarian affinity.
Effect of Paclitaxel‐Eluting Versus Sirolimus‐Eluting Stents on Coronary Restenosis in Korean Diabetic Patients
Authors: KIM MOO HYUN , HONG SOON JUN , CHA KWANG SOO , PARK HUN SIK , CHAE SHUNG CHULL , HUR SEUNG HO , GWON HYEON CHEOL , BAE JANG HO , LIM DO‐SUN 
Published: March 2008

Background: With the introduction of drug‐eluting stents (DES), the angiographic rates of restenosis have reduced dramatically but less prominently in diabetic patients. We compared the effects of sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) versus paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES) on 6‐month angiographic and clinical outcomes in Korean diabetic patients.
Method: Diabetic patients with de novo coronary lesions (169 patients with 190 lesions) were randomly assigned to either SES or PES in six different cardiovascular centers from April 2005 to January 2006. Patients with vessel size >2.0 mm and ≤2 vessel diseases requiring ≤2 DES implantation were included in the study.
Results: Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar between the two groups. At 6‐month follow‐up, the late lumen loss (0.26 ± 0.76 in the SES group vs. 0.39 ± 0.92 mm in the PES group, P = 0.356) and the rate of binary restenosis (2.8%[n = 2] in the SES group vs. 6.9%[n = 5] in the PES group, P = 0.441) showed no significant differences. Rates of death (1.2%[n = 1] in the SES group vs. 1.2%[n = 1] in the PES group, P = 1.000), myocardial infarction (1.2%[n = 1] in the SES group vs. 1.2%[n = 1] in the PES group, P = 1.000), and target lesion revascularization (2.4%[n = 2] in the SES group vs. 4.8%[n = 4] in the PES group, P = 0.443) were similar in both groups during 6 months of follow‐up.
Conclusion: The use of either SES or PES demonstrated similar 6‐month angiographic and clinical outcomes in Korean diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.
Effect of ultrasonic debridement using a chlorhexidine irrigant on circulating levels of lipopolysaccharides and interleukin‐6
Authors: Lee Monica K. , Ide Mark , Coward Paula Y. , Wilson Ron F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim: Transient bacteraemia and endotoxaemia, and elevated levels of systemic cytokines have been reported following subgingival debridement. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) solution on circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) when used as an irrigant during ultrasonic debridement in patients with periodontitis.Material and Methods: Eighteen patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis were treated in a split‐mouth, crossover, single‐masked study. Irrigation with 0.02% CHX solution or water was used during treatment of two ipsilateral quadrants on two separate occasions 7 days apart, randomized as to order. Peripheral blood samples were collected for circulating levels of LPS and IL‐6 at baseline, 5 and 120 min. after instrumentation commenced.Results: Median concentrations of LPS were elevated from baseline to 5 min. into treatment with both CHX and control irrigant (p<0.05). Median levels of IL‐6 increased with both treatments from baseline to 120 min. (p<0.001): CHX, 0.81–1.85 pg/ml; control, 0.78–1.78 EU/ml.Conclusions: Ultrasonic instrumentation in patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis increases circulating levels of LPS after 5 min. and IL‐6 120 min. after commencement of treatment, and is not affected by using 0.02% CHX as an irrigant instead of water.
Host plant resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche spp.): defence reactions and mechanisms of resistance
Authors: Pérez‐de‐Luque A. , Moreno M.T. , Rubiales D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOver 4000 species of angiosperms are able to directly invade and parasitise other plants, but only very few are weedy and parasitise cultivated plants. Together with the witchweeds (Striga spp.) and dodders (Cuscuta spp.), the broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) affect important crops causing complete yield loses with severe infestations. Genetic resistance to parasitisation remains as one of the most desirable components in an integrated control strategy. However, breeding for resistance is a difficult task and many aspects of the host/parasite interaction remain unknown. In the present work, we review the cytological and cytochemical studies investigating the mechanisms of resistance involved in the process leading to an incompatible host–parasite interaction. We have attempted to identify the main gaps and problems related to such studies with parasitic plants and present an in‐depth review of histochemical techniques used to assess mechanisms of resistance against these parasitic plants. Furthermore, we discuss future research directions and novel techniques and finally, how such techniques can be applied and incorporated within a breeding programme.
Effects of shade on root characters associated with lodging in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Sparkes D.L. , Berry P. , King M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPrevious work has shown that as the density of wheat plants increase, the spread of the root plate, root length and root number per plant decrease, leading to reduced anchorage strength and increased lodging susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine which aspect of mutual plant shading [reduction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) or the ratio of red to far red light (R : FR)] is associated with this reduction in anchorage strength. Field experiments were conducted at Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK, in two seasons using a range of plant densities in conjunction with shading materials to manipulate PAR and R : FR independently. The spread of the root plate, which has been linked most strongly with anchorage strength, was almost exclusively influenced by PAR intercepted per plant at the beginning of stem extension. Root number and root length were influenced by both PAR and R : FR. When structural roots (defined as thicker than 0.5 mm) and nonstructural roots were considered separately, it was discovered that increasing plant density and PAR shading reduced the length of both structural and nonstructural roots. However, reducing R : FR only reduced the length of structural roots without affecting the length of nonstructural roots.
Comparison of different methods to construct a core germplasm collection in woody perennial species with simple sequence repeat markers. A case study in cherimoya (Annona cherimola, Annonaceae), an underutilised subtropical fruit tree species
Authors: Escribano P. , Viruel M.A. , Hormaza J.I. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAlthough molecular markers are becoming the tool of choice to develop core collections in plants, the examples of their use in woody perennial species are very scarce. In this work, we used simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data to develop a core collection in an underutilised subtropical fruit tree species, cherimoya (Annona cherimola, Annonaceae), from an initial collection of 279 genotypes from different countries. We compared six alternative allocation methods to construct the core collection, four not based upon the similarity dendrogram [random sampling, maximisation strategy (M strategy) and simulated annealing algorithm maximising both genetic diversity and number of SSR alleles] and two based on dendrogram data (logarithmic strategy and stepwise clustering). The diversity maintained in each subset was compared with that present in the entire collection. The results obtained indicate that the use of SSRs together with the M strategy is the most efficient method to develop a core collection in cherimoya. In the best subset, with 40 accessions, all the SSR alleles present in the whole collection were recovered and no significant differences in frequency distribution of alleles for any of the loci studied or in variability parameters (HO, HE) were recorded between the core and the whole collection.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF SARDINES (SARDINA PILCHARDUS) AT –18C AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF KAMABOKO GELS ENHANCED WITH Ca2+ IONS AND MTGase
Authors: KARAYANNAKIDIS PANAYOTIS D. , ZOTOS ANASTASIOS , PETRIDIS DIMITRIS , TAYLOR K.D. ANTHONY 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The physicochemical changes in sardine flesh during frozen storage at −18C were studied in terms of salt‐soluble protein extractability, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), pH, myosin and actin denaturation enthalpies, color, fatty acid methyl esters and proteolytic activity in surimi wastewaters. Furthermore, the functional properties of the produced kamaboko gels were studied based on two experimental factors: (1) frozen storage time (five levels) and (2) various additives (three levels). The NPN and pH changes showed a similar trend (P < 0.05) throughout the storage. Myosin transition enthalpy significantly decreased throughout the storage and strongly negatively correlated with storage time (r = −0.987). Color deterioration was evidenced by the decrease in lightness (L*) and whiteness index (WI) as well as the increase in greenness (−a*) and yellowness (+b*) of sardine mince (P < 0.05). Protease activity in surimi wastewaters increased on day 20, due to either sample variation or better extraction, and showed a downward trend thereafter. A gradual increase was noticed in gel hardness and cohesiveness after 10 days of storage due to protein aggregation. Hardness and cohesiveness, as well as L* and WI, were positively affected by the addition of CaCl2 and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), while springiness was only affected by MTGase addition. Overall instrumental evaluation showed that kamaboko gels of acceptable quality could be produced from sardines frozen stored up to 20 days.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of alternative fish species in order to obtain surimi of good gel‐forming ability is one of the aims of the fishing industry. Because of its high potential for capture and its low price, there is a sustained interest at present in small pelagic fish species. In Greece, small pelagic fish species are mainly processed by salting, drying, smoking and canning, and preferably when these species are large and fatty. However, these species are often too small for processing and thus have no commercial value, particularly around the spawning season (low lipid content), and are usually being dumped. Thus, in Greece, the lack of utilization of small fish may also have an adverse effect on the environment.
DETERMINATION OF pH CHANGE KINETICS DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF KASHAR CHEESE MANUFACTURING FROM RAW AND PASTEURIZED MILK WITH ADDITION OF THERMOPHILIC, MESOPHILIC AND MIXED THERMOPHILIC CULTURE
Authors: ATASOY AHMET FERIT 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The pH change kinetics during Kashar cheese production from raw and pasteurized milk with addition of thermophilic, mesophilic and mixed thermophilic‐mesophilic lactic acid bacteria were evaluated. The kinetics of pH change were determined during milk ripening, cooking/holding and pressing/fermentation phases of Kashar cheese. The pH decreased logarithmically, nonlinearly, with time in the milk ripening period, and reduced linearly with time in the cooking/holding and pressing/fermentation stages. Pasteurization of milk retarded the rate of change in pH during the three periods. The highest rate of pH change was determined in the addition of thermophilic culture, followed by mixed thermophilic‐mesophilic and then mesophilic ones during milk ripening. The pH change characteristics of cheese made with thermophilic starter were similar to the cheese made with mixed thermophilic‐mesophilic culture, but different from mesophilic lactic acid bacteria during cooking/holding and pressing/fermentation stages. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOne of the important factors in the control of cheese quality is the extent of acid production in the vat. Acid development at a desired rate is important during cheese making. The progress of acidification is monitored by pH change in the industrial Kashar cheese production. Three main stages have been recognized with respect to pH change: milk ripening, cooking/holding and pressing/fermentation. This study evaluated and compared the pH change kinetics during various stages of Kashar cheese making using raw, pasteurized milk with the addition of thermophilic, mesophilic and mixed thermophilic culture. This work may help in the comparison of raw and pasteurized milk, and in the selection of appropriate starter culture for Kashar cheese production.
Genetic engineering of malaria parasite resistance in vector mosquitoes
Authors: JAMES Anthony A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMalaria is the most significant vector‐borne disease and mostly affects people living in the lesser developed countries of tropical and sub‐tropical regions. Climate changes, rapid global transportation, immigration and invasion of exotic mosquito vectors bring the threat of introduction of the disease to developed nations. Sustainability of malaria control requires the discovery of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs, development of effective vaccines and control of vector mosquitoes. Drug development and vaccine research have been pursued aggressively over the past 20 years, and progress in novel approaches to vector control is now evident. Our long‐term objective is the production and utilization of strains of vector mosquitoes that are genetically refractory to the transmission of malaria parasites. These insects will be used to test the hypothesis that an increase in the frequency of a gene or allele that confers decreased vector competence to a population of mosquitoes will result in a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of malaria. Completed studies make it possible to develop strains of Anopheles mosquitoes expressing specific effector molecules that interfere completely with the transmission of the most lethal human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Data are reviewed here that support the use of single‐chain monoclonal antibodies (scFv) that disable parasites in the midgut and hemolymph of transgenic mosquitoes.
Pest and disease challenges and insect biotechnology solutions*
Authors: MILLER Thomas A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAdvances in microbiology and molecular genetics have led to renewed interest in microbial and host interactions, especially mutualism and symbiosis. More genome sequences are being reported every year; indeed, we are awash in information on an unprecedented scale. However, despite the greater amount of genomic information, we still have difficulty resolving species boundaries, and we still have much to learn about pathogen, vector and host interactions. Biotechnology approaches offer the promise of new tools for pest and disease control.
Taxonomic review ofGymnoscelisMabille (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from Korea
Authors: CHOI Sei‐Woong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA larentiine genus,GymnoscelisMabille, is reviewed for the first time from Korea. Two species ofGymnoscelisare recognized from Korea:G. deleta(Hampson) andG. esakiiInoue. Diagnoses of genus and species are provided with brief descriptions of adults, including male and female genitalia.
Taxonomic review of the genus Copelatus Erichson (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in Korea
Authors: PARK Hae Chul , LEE Young Bo , LEE Hee A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA taxonomic review of the genus Copelatus Erichson (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in Korea is presented. In the present study, five species of Copelatus are recognized from Korea, including one unrecorded species, C. kammuriensis. We provide a key to the Korean species of Copelatus, diagnosis of one unrecorded species, habitus photographs, scanning electron micrographs of the elytron, and illustrations of the aedeagus.
Wolbachia‐induced reproductive anomalies and their future applications
Authors: JEONG Gilsang , SUH Eunho 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTheWolbachiabacterium is currently one of most prevalent endosymbionts of arthropods. The bacterium has drawn much attention because of its ability to induce reproductive anomalies, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminization, male killing, and parthenogenesis, in various invertebrates. This review focuses on the basic biology ofWolbachia, its infection phenotypes, and its potential future applications.
Differential expression profile of genes encoded in a genome segment of Cotesia plutellae bracovirus in a parasitized host, Plutella xylostella
Authors: GAD Wael , CHOI Jae Young , JE Yeon Ho , KIM Yonggyun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Polydnaviruses are an insect DNA virus group. The segmented genome of a polydnavirus is located on the host wasp chromosome as a provirus. After replication, virions are delivered into the parasitized host, where their expression products play significant roles in specific processes of parasitism. However, little is known about how viral gene expression is controlled. In the present study, we tested whether different genes in a genome segment are expressed concomitantly. Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) is a polydnavirus mutualistic to an endoparasitoid, Cotesia plutellae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera). Its circular genome segments in viral particles were captured by a transposon containing pUC origin sequence and replicated in Escherichia coli. CpBV‐S30 (23.5 kb), one of the large CpBV genome segments, was fully sequenced, and seven open reading frames (ORF) were predicted. We analyzed expression patterns of the seven ORF in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, parasitized by C. plutellae. Transcription analyses indicated that all ORF of CpBV‐S30 in the parasitized P. xylostella were expressed from the first day of parasitization and then expression levels decreased over the period of parasitization, except for CpBV‐H4, which showed an additional expression peak. In terms of tissue specificity in their expression patterns, all ORF were found to be expressed in the fat body, hemocytes and gut of the parasitized host. Promoter sequence analysis showed that all seven ORF had typical promoter elements, including TATA binding sites, but promoter component numbers and kinds varied. These results suggest that genes in a genome segment of CpBV can differentially express in the parasitized host, presumably by their different promoter components.
First records ofLeiodytes nicobaricus(Redtenbacher) andPlatambus stygius(Régimbart) in Korea (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Authors: LEE Dae‐Hyun , AHN Kee‐Jeong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo dytiscid beetle species,Leiodytes nicobaricus(Redtenbacher) andPlatambus stygius(Régimbart), are identified for the first time in Korea. Diagnoses, habitus and scanning electron microscopy photographs, and line drawings of the diagnostic characters are provided.
Relevance between lipid metabolism‐associated genes and rat liver regeneration
Authors: Xu Cunshuan , Lin Fang , Qin Shaowei 
Published: March 2008

Aim:  Lipids are important in constituting cell structure and participating in many biological processes, particularly in energy supplementation to cells. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the action of lipid metabolism‐associated genes on rat liver regeneration (LR).Methods:  Lipid metabolism‐associated genes were obtained by collecting website data and retrieving related articles, and their expression changes in the regenerating rat liver were checked by the Rat Genome 230 2.0 array.Results:  In total, 280 genes involved in lipid metabolism were proven to be LR‐associated by comparing the gene expression discrepancy between the partial‐hepatectomy and sham‐operation groups. The initial and total expression numbers of these genes occurring in the initial phase, G0/G1 transition, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and structure–functional rebuilding of LR were 128, 33, 135, 6, and 267, 147, 1026, 306, respectively, illustrating that these genes were initially expressed mainly in the initiation stage and functioned in different phases. Upregulation (850 times) and downregulation (749 times), as well as 25 types of expression patterns, showed that the physiological and biochemical activities were diverse and complicated in LR.Conclusion:  According to the results of the chip detection, it was presumed that fatty acid synthesis at 24–66 h, leukotriene and androgen synthesis at 16–168 h, prostaglandin synthesis at 2–96 h, triglyceride synthesis at 18–24 h, glycosphingolipid synthesis at 0.5–66 h, metabolism of phosphatidyl inositol and sphingomyelin at 2–16 h, and cholesterol catabolism at 30–168 h were enhanced. Throughout almost the whole LR, the genes participating in estrogen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone synthesis, and triglyceride catabolism were upregulated, while phospholipid and glycosphingolipid catabolism were downregulated.
Geometric Waldspurger periods
Authors: Lysenko Sergey 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLet X be a smooth projective curve. We consider the dual reductive pair $H=\mathrm {G\mathbb {O}}_{2m}$, $G=\mathrm {G\mathbb {S}p}_{2n}$ over X, where H splits on an étale two-sheeted covering $\pi :\tilde X\to X$. Let BunG (respectively, BunH) be the stack of G-torsors (respectively, H-torsors) on X. We study the functors FG and FH between the derived categories D(BunG) and D(BunH), which are analogs of the classical theta-lifting operators in the framework of the geometric Langlands program. Assume n=m=1 and H nonsplit, that is, $H=\pi _*{\mathbb {G}_m}$ with $\tilde X$ connected. We establish the geometric Langlands functoriality for this pair. Namely, we show that FG :D(BunH)→D(BunG) commutes with Hecke operators with respect to the corresponding map of Langlands L-groups LH→LG. As an application, we calculate Waldspurger periods of cuspidal automorphic sheaves on BunGL2 and Bessel periods of theta-lifts from $\mathrm {Bun}_{\mathrm {G\mathbb {O}}_4}$ to $\mathrm {Bun}_{\mathrm {G\mathbb {S}p}_4}$. Based on these calculations, we give three conjectural constructions of certain automorphic sheaves on $\mathrm {Bun}_{\mathrm {G\mathbb {S}p}_4}$ (one of them makes sense for ${\mathcal D}$-modules only).