bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum sialic acid levels in health and disease
Authors: Carter Ann , Martin N. H. 
Published: June 2007

Sialic acid levels in normal and pathological sera estimated by the improved Svennerholm technique are reported. The increased levels demonstrable in rheumatoid arthritis, cirrhosis, γ myelomata, and macroglobulinaemia are demonstrated as being explicable on the basis of increased production of proteins of normal sialic content.Tentative reasons are given for the possibility that abnormal binding of sialic acid may occur in nephrotic sera and sera from β globulin myelomata. The latter may be confused with `macroglobulinaemia'.
The ABO and Rhesus blood groups in Perthes' disease
Authors: Cameron J. Malcolm , Izatt Marian M. 
Published: June 2007

Determinations were carried out of the ABO blood groups and Rhesus phenotypes of a series of 142 children with Perthes' disease. Where possible their parents and sibs were also grouped. Sera from the mothers of affected children were examined for the presence of Rhesus antibodies.No apparent association was demonstrated between Perthes' disease and any ABO phenotype. The disease is also apparently independent of ABO incompatibility between mother and child.There is the suggestion in these families of an increased incidence of the Rhesus cc phenotype among the affected children. The level of significance is estimated at 0·02, even after taking into account the numerous significance tests possible on the data.Parental and sibship studies show that any association between Perthes' disease and the Rhesus Cc phenotypes, if one does exist, is unlikely to be the product of genetical stratification within the population.Maternal Rhesus antibody, acting through the agency of haemolytic disease of the newborn, plays no detectable part in the aetiology of a subsequently developing Perthes' disease in the child.
An improved dinitrosalicylic acid method for determining blood and cerebrospinal fluid sugar levels
Authors: Mohun A. F. , Cook I. J. Y. 
Published: June 2007

A development of a technique for estimating sugar in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, etc., is described, using 3:5-dinitrosalicylic acid (D.N.S.A.) originally introduced by Sumner (1921).Results can be obtained in less than 10 minutes if required. The method is well suited to the estimation of random blood sugars and the handling of diabetic clinic requirements in hospital laboratories. The reagents are cheap, stable, and easily prepared. The results are very close to true glucose values in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The technique has justified its existence in a busy clinical laboratory on the grounds of simplicity and rapidity, and is sufficiently precise for all ordinary work.
Cellular types in acute leukaemia: diagnosis and significance
Authors: Gunz F. W. , Burry A. F. 
Published: June 2007

Two independent observers, one using haematological and the other histological methods, analysed material from 68 patients with acute leukaemia. A correct diagnosis of the cell type of leukaemia was made in 70% of cases by haematological methods, and in 83% of those cases histological examination gave the same result. In two-thirds of the haematologically equivocal cases histological examination provided a positive diagnosis. The finally undiagnosed cases amounted to 12% of the total. The types so diagnosed could not be correlated with any clinical features.Differentiation of the cell types in acute leukaemia showed that children with granulocytic types of acute leukaemia survived for shorter periods than those with other types but in adults the type of cell had no significance when related to survival. In adults the immediate prognosis for all cell types was relatively bad. The unfavourable prognosis attached to a high initial leucocyte count was confirmed.
Four cases of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Kok D'A. , Whitmore D. N. , Ainsworth R. W. 
Published: June 2007

The clinical course and pathological features of four cases of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia are described. One was associated with a localized carcinoma of the bronchus and one with a chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary.Trypsin digest preparations of the retina were examined in two cases, one with severe retinopathy and the other with no clinical evidence of ocular disease, and the findings are briefly described.The aetiology of the anaemia is discussed. Haemolysis due to circulating autoantibodies was not demonstrated in any of the cases. Erythrophagocytosis was a prominent feature in case 4, of moderate degree in cases 1 and 2, and inconspicuous in case 3. It was not proportionate to the serum macroglobulin levels.The cytological and histological features in all four cases are distinctive, and their value in differential diagnosis is stressed.
Reversible absorptive defects in anticonvulsant megaloblastic anaemia
Authors: Reynolds E. H. , Hallpike J. F. , Phillips B. M. , Matthews D. M. 
Published: June 2007

Two cases of anticonvulsant megaloblastic anaemia are described, showing features of unusual interest. Though both cases were apparently deficient in folic acid, the Figlu tests were negative. One patient had an extremely low serum B12concentration apparently associated with defective B12absorption due to deficiency of intrinsic factor, and both showed impaired intestinal absorption of D-xylose. There was, however, no evidence of permanent gastro-intestinal dysfunction, and the absorptive defects disappeared completely after treatment with folic acid.Possible reasons for the findings are discussed. It is suggested that absorptive defects produced by the drugs may play some part in initiating anticonvulsant megaloblastic anaemia, and that once deficiencies of haemopoietic factors are established, a vicious circle may be set up owing to the effects of these deficiencies on the gastro-intestinal tract.
Changes in serum enzyme levels accompanying cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Welbourn Nora , Melrose D. G. , Moss D. W. 
Published: June 2007

Serum lactic dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxy-butyrate dehydrogenase, iso-citric dehydrogenase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities were measured daily for two weeks postoperatively in the serum of 22 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation.The length of perfusion was found to be a major factor affecting the extent of increased post-operative enzyme activities. Significantly higher levels were demonstrated in patients perfused for over one hour compared with those perfused for under one hour. Hepatocellular damage, age, and type of operation were not considered to be major factors in determining the extent of this increased activity.A considerable increase in enzyme activity was found to occur during perfusion when the dilution introduced by mixing the patient's circulation with the priming fluid of the heart-lung machine was taken into account. This dilution, when accounted for, increased the observed enzyme activity by 30 to 50%.
Hypofibrinogenaemia in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate: suppression of systemic fibrinolysis by heparin
Authors: Straub P. W. , Riedler G. , Frick P. G. 
Published: June 2007

In a patient with generalized prostatic carcinoma and hypofibrinogenaemia heparin infusion on four occasions abolished systemic fibrinolysis as determined by euglobulin clot lysis time, bovine fibrin plate assay, thromboelastography, and immunoelectrophoretic demonstration of fibrinogen split products.The pathogenesis of hypofibrinogenaemia in cases of prostatic carcinoma and the possibility of a direct heparin effect on fibrinolysis are discussed. Despite the lack of histological evidence for intravascular coagulation, the findings are considered additional evidence for the view that fibrinolysis in this syndrome may be secondary to intravascular coagulation.
Use of Sephadex column chromatography in the assessment of thyroid status
Authors: Gimlette T. M. D. 
Published: June 2007

A method is described for assessing thyroid status using Sephadex column chromatography of serum samples with added125I triiodothyronine. The method is simple and inexpensive. It gave a correct diagnostic result in 97% of 258 euthyroid, 90% of 80 hyperthyroid, 78% of 59 hypothyroid, and 67% of 50 euthyroid, ill patients.The principle of the method and its limitations are briefly discussed.
Diagnosis and treatment of infection withBrucella abortus, biotype 5
Authors: Robertson L. 
Published: June 2007

A case of brucellosis due toBrucella abortus, biotype 5, occurred in a bulk milk-tanker driver who collected milk from refrigerated tanks on 23 farms.The organism was isolated from blood cultures by using a serum dextrose broth containing antibiotics. Serological investigations indicate that both abortus and melitensis antigen suspensions should be used in the investigation of cases of suspected brucellosis.AsBrucella abortusis an intracellular parasite heavy, prolonged, antibiotic therapy is necessary in the treatment of the disease. The danger of inadequate treatment of the acute disease is that it may become chronic, and response to antibiotic therapy in chronic brucellosis is not good.
Retention of platelets by glass bead filters
Authors: Pitney W. R. , Potter Mary 
Published: June 2007

Whole blood was passed through glass bead filters and the retention of platelets studied under various experimental conditions. Platelet retention was similar over a wide range of blood flow rates; however, it was decreased at fast rates of flow. Platelet retention was not influenced by the haematocrit value of the blood over a wide range. Retention in filters containing siliconized beads was similar to that in filters with untreated beads. Platelet retention was inhibited by the addition of citrate or adenosine to the blood before passage through the filter and was also less when the blood was cooled. Heparin and phenylindandione therapy did not affect the results.There was a wide range of results of platelet retention tests with normal blood samples and considerable variability between the results of duplicate samples from the same donor. Repeated testing of normal donors over a three-month period gave results which varied widely within the normal range. Twenty-two of 40 uraemic blood samples showed decreased platelet retention. The mechanism of platelet retention from whole blood by glass bead filters is not clear but may be related to platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate or other aggregating agents.
Alpha2-macroglobulin levels in disease in man
Authors: Housley James 
Published: June 2007

Serum α2-macroglobulin levels were measured in normal subjects and in patients with various diseases by an immunochemical method.The values for normal men were 284 mg./100 ml. (±89·6 mg./100 ml.) and for normal women 350 mg./100 ml. (±94·5 mg./100 ml.).Men with rheumatoid arthritis had normal levels, but the levels in women were depressed. There was no relationship to the concentrations of the acute phase reactive proteins, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein.In chronic liver disease, the levels in men were significantly higher than normal and were slightly higher than normal in women.A small group of patients with nephrotic syndrome had very high levels.No significant variations from the normal were found in sera from a group of patients with miscellaneous diseases.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Chinese
Authors: Lai H. C. , Lai Michael P. Y. , Leung Kevin S. N. 
Published: June 2007

In a Chinese population 1,000 full-term male neonates and a further 117 jaundiced neonates of both sexes were studied in an investigation of the frequency of deficiency of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This enzyme was found to be deficient in 3·6% of male neonates. Correlation of the results with the birthplace of the 602 mothers who were known to come from Kwangtung province showed no significant differences in the frequency of the deficiency between certain parts of the province.The deficiency of G6PD in hemizygous males is profound but it is not associated with erythrocyte acid monophosphoesterase deficiency in Chinese in Hong Kong. The G6PD deficiency accounts for 15·4% of all the 117 cases of neonatal jaundice. The relative importance of G6PD deficiency as a cause of neonatal jaundice does not differ materially in male and female mutants. Neonatal jaundice can occur in all genotypes of G6PD mutation in Chinese.
Absorption of antibiotics during peritoneal dialysis in patients with renal failure
Authors: Buck A. C. , Cohen Simon L. 
Published: June 2007

Cloxacillin, ampicillin, cephaloridine, kanamycin, and polymyxin B were administered singly in the dialysis fluid of patients having peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure. Therapeutic blood levels could be attained with all the drugs by the end of 12 hours of dialysis, using a concentration in the dialysis fluid which did not produce any local toxic symptoms. Absorption rates across the peritoneum were higher for cephaloridine, ampicillin, and cloxacillin than for kanamycin and polymyxin B.The serum half-lives after termination of dialysis were in excess of 11 hours, except that for cloxacillin which had a half life of about 2·5 hours.
Epidemiological aspects ofProteusinfections with particular reference to phage typing
Authors: France Diana R. , Markham N. P. 
Published: June 2007

The properties and characteristics of 296Proteusstrains isolated from hospital patients and from sewage have been examined with a view to determining those characters which are of most use in following and detecting cross-infection.Ninety-six per cent of the organisms isolated wereP. mirabilisand it was found that by identifying biotypes and by phage typing the species could be divided into a relatively large number of groups which would be useful for epidemiological investigation.
Cytomegalic inclusion disease in the adult
Authors: Evans D. J. , Williams E. D. 
Published: June 2007

The distribution of infected cells in 13 necropsies on adults with cytomegalovirus disease is reported and discussed in relation to the local damage caused by the infection and predisposing factors.The distribution, with lung as the most common site, but other organs such as thyroid, liver, and colon not infrequently involved, agrees fairly well with other series. No heavy infection confined to one organ was found, and it is concluded that a truly localized infection in the adult probably does not occur.Evidence of destructive inflammatory changes attributable to the virus was scanty; a lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrate was sometimes found, and microglial nodules were found in a case with inclusions in the brain. In one case heavy cytomegalovirus infection in the colon was associated with, and probably caused, marked colonic ulceration which led to the death of the patient.The major predisposing factor to infection in this series was corticosteroid therapy: eight of the 13 patients had been treated with steroids and one had Cushing's syndrome associated with a bronchial carcinoma. Three of the other four patients had a very few inclusions only. Adrenal involvement was not found in any of the steroid-treated patients but was present in two of the four patients not treated with steroids where adrenal sections were available.It is concluded that most adult patients with cytomegalovirus infection have impaired immune mechanisms, and that heavy infection may rarely lead to a clinically serious disease.
Excretion patterns of glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins in normal human urine
Authors: Manley G. , Severn M. , Hawksworth J. 
Published: June 2007

Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins in the urine of 100 healthy, active, human subjects were examined by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and salt gradient, ion-exchange, column chromatography. The cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) turbidity and uronic acid:creatinine ratio was also studied. Fractions were identified by electrophoretic mobility, staining reactions, susceptibility to enzyme digestion, identification of amino- and neutral sugars, hexosamine, uronic acid, and sulphate assays, and optical rotation.The CPC turbidity is relatively high in childhood, falling to lower levels in adults, but rising again to relatively high levels in old age. The uronic acid: creatinine ratio is high in children, falling to a low level in adult life, and rising only slightly in old age.Three major electrophoretic fractions, corresponding with glycoprotein, heparan sulphates, and chondroitin sulphates, were identified in every urine sample. Hyaluronic acid was identified in some samples. A small amount of keratan sulphate was present in the `heparan sulphate' fraction.Chondroitin sulphate excretion is high in children. Adults excrete relatively less chondroitin sulphate and more heparan sulphate. In old age, the proportion of glycoprotein increases. The excretion pattern in the first few days of life resembles that of the adult. It is stressed that extreme caution must be exercised in interpreting the urinary glycosaminoglycan pattern of a child.
Rapid and sensitive precipitin test for the diagnosis of farmer's lung using immunoosmophoresis
Authors: Jameson J. E. 
Published: June 2007

An agar gel precipitin test, using osmophoresis, has been devised for use with weakly reacting sera. The test was applied to various categories of sera, including sera from cases of farmer's lung which had reacted with a conventional immuno-diffusion test, and others which had not.All the conventionally sero-positive sera reacted positively in the new test as did nine of 16 cases in the sero-negative group. Concentration of sera in the latter group resulted in 11 positive tests out of a possible 12. Evidence was obtained of qualitative differences in the sera of these two groups.Unexpected reactivity with sera from cases of farmer's lung was found in a dialysate from a broth culture ofT. polyspora.No reactions with this dialysate were obtained with the sera of any patients who did not have symptoms of farmer's lung.
Storage iron depletion in male blood donors: its significance for iron status in women
Authors: Fielding J. , Karabus C. , Brunström Gillian M. 
Published: June 2007

Among 24 male blood donors without anaemia who had been giving a mean of 2·2 donations per year involving a mean blood loss of about 900 ml a year, 10 (41%) were found to be depleted of storage iron. This is somewhat higher but similar to the previously recorded findings in healthy women without anaemia.The results may well support a policy of limiting blood donation to twice a year in men and to once a year in women. Both men and women blood donors require medicinal iron after each donation.It is considered that storage iron depletion in non-anaemic women is not in the main related to pathological levels of menstrual loss but rather to inadequate dietary iron. Food iron in present-day diets should be supplemented.
Intravenous iron-dextran: studies on unsaturated iron-binding capacity
Authors: Cox J. S. G. , Moss G. F. , Bremner I. , Reason Janet 
Published: June 2007

A method is described for measuring the plasma unsaturated iron-binding capacity in the presence of very high concentrations of iron as iron-dextran. The procedure utilizes59Fe to label the apotransferrin with subsequent separation of ionic iron from transferrin-bound iron on an ion exchange or Sephadex G.25 column.The unsaturated iron-binding capacity has been measured in rabbits and dogs after intravenous injection of iron-dextran and in human subjects after total dose infusion of iron-dextran. No evidence of saturation of the unsaturated iron-binding capacity was found even when the plasma iron values were greater than 40,000 μg Fe/100 ml.
A sex difference in the leucocyte count
Authors: Allan R. N. , Alexander M. K. 
Published: June 2007

In a study of a group of 325 blood donors between the ages of 18 and 65 years, the total leucocyte and polymorph counts of the females aged 50 to 65 years were found to be significantly lower than those of the corresponding group of male donors. In the whole series of female donors, there were significantly lower total leucocyte and lymphocyte counts with increasing age and a less significant (P [unk] 0·1) fall in the polymorph count. No age variation in the male counts was found.Analysis of large numbers of leucocyte counts performed on hospital patients has confirmed the sex difference in the total leucocyte count found in the blood donors.The factors responsible for the differences are discussed.
Advantage of a routine Reiter protein complement-fixation test in the serodiagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy
Authors: Morris C. A. 
Published: June 2007

One hundred and twenty-seven (0·3%) reactive serological tests for syphilis were obtained by routine examination of sera from 35,912 antenatal patients.Forty-eight (38%) of these reactive sera were associated with reactive fluorescent treponemal antibody andTreponema pallidumimmobilization results and these patients were therefore considered to show serological evidence of treponemal infection. Sera from 13 of these 48 patients (27%) gave reactive Reiter protein complement-fixation tests in the absence of detected `reagin' antibody. Seventy-nine patients showed non-specific biological false positive reactions to the routine tests.Following clinical assessment of these serologically reactive patients, approximately one in 100 immigrant and one in 2,500 non-immigrant pregnant women examined in this series were treated with penicillin; this represented just over half the number of patients with serological evidence of a treponemal infection, a ratio which was similar for immigrant and native born women. Yaws was the likely treponemal infection in the majority of infected immigrants. The significance of the serological results and the advantages of the Reiter protein complement-fixation test are discussed.
Comparative study of immunological tests for pregnancy diagnosis
Authors: Bell Joyce L. 
Published: June 2007

The reliability of five commercially produced immunological pregnancy diagnosis methods has been investigated. The tests used were Pregnosticon (a tube test) and four slide tests, Hyland, Pregslide, Gravindex, and Planotest. In the series described, Planotest gave 0·5% false positives, Gravindex had 2·1%, Pregnosticon 2·6%, and Pregslide 4·7%, Hyland A (sensitivity 4,500 iu/l.) gave 3·6% and Hyland B (sensitivity 2 to 3,000 iu/l.) had 8·7% false positives. Pregnosticon had 0·5% false negatives, Planotest 2·0%, Gravindex 3·5%, Hyland B 6·5%, Pregslide 9%, and Hyland A 19·5% false negatives.Planotest and Pregnosticon were found to be less influenced by protein and blood in the urine than the other pregnancy tests investigated.
Observations on some effects of L-triiodothyronine on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in man
Authors: Stamp T. C. B. , Doar J. W. H. , Wynn V. 
Published: June 2007

Fasting serum lipid levels and changes in plasma glucose, fatty acid non-esterified (Nefa), and blood pyruvate levels during intravenous glucose tolerance tests were measured in 13 normal subjects before and one, five, and 15 days after the administration of 1-triiodothyronine (T3) calculated as 6 μg/kg body weight.Significant increases in the mean basal metabolic rate and the mean fasting plasma Nefa level occurred within 10 to 17 hours of a single dose of T3, while a rise in the mean fasting plasma glucose concentration just failed to achieve significance. Fasting concentrations of blood pyruvate and serum triglyceride were unaffected. A significant fall in serum cholesterol levels was produced and lasted at least five days. All other indices returned to normal by five days.During intravenous glucose tolerance tests performed at intervals after T3 administration no change in plasma glucose levels from control values was seen. Mean plasma Nefa and blood pyruvate levels, however, were significantly raised above control values during the early stages of the test 10 to 17 hours after T3. The relationship between these findings and those observed in clinical thyrotoxicosis is discussed.