bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulant activity of glycol analogs of phosphatidylserine
Authors: Turner D. L. , Holburn R. R. , Silver M. J. , Baczynski E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThree different analogs of phosphatidylserine were made by the combination of protected serine with phosphorus oxychloride and various diolmonooleates. These analogs of phosphatidylserine were 2‐oleoylethyleneglycol‐1‐phosphoryl‐L‐serine, 1‐oleoyl‐2‐desoxylysoglycero‐3‐phosphoryl‐L‐serine and 1‐oleoyl‐hexane‐1, 6‐diol‐6‐phosphoryl‐L‐serine. They were solubilized with sodium desoxycholate and tested in the Hicks‐Pitney and antithromboplastin tests. Like the phosphatidylserines, they were found to have anticoagulant activity.
Composition of the lipids in cabbage
Authors: Peng Andrew C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCabbage leaves contain 0.16% total lipids of which 51.02% are neutral lipids, 40.78% glycolipids, and 8.18% phospholipids. The predominant fatty acids in the total lipid analysis are linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Linolenic, palmitic, tridecanoic, and oleic are the principal components in the neutral lipid fraction while glycolipids are composed mainly of linolenic, palmitic, lauric, myristic, and tricosanoic acids. Phospholipids are high in palmitic, linolenic, and linoleic acids. Both glucose and galactose were observed in the glycolipid fraction.
Thermophilic fungi: IV. The lipid composition of six species
Authors: Bruszewski T. E. , Fergus C. L. , Mumma R. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipid composition of six thermophilic fungi (Myriococcum albomyces, Mucor miehei, Papulaspora thermophila, Rhizopus sp.,Thielavia thermophila (+)Thielavia thermophila (−), andTorula thermophila) was examined. The relative per cent total lipids (4.9–26.3%), neutral lipids (55.5–88.3%), polar lipids (11.7–44.6%) and the fatty acid profile of each lipid fraction was determined. The predominant fatty acids were 16∶0, 18∶0 and 18∶2, and lesser amounts of 12∶0, 14∶0, 15∶0, 16∶1, 16∶2, 17∶0 and 18∶3 were present. The total lipids contained an average of 0.96 double bonds per mole fatty acid (unsaturation index [USI]) the neutral lipids 0.86 USI and the polar lipids 0.84 USI, excluding the values forTorula thermophila. These data show a high degree of saturation and are consistent with data reported for other fungal thermophiles.Torula thermophila possessed abnormally high USI values (1.15–1.50) and was cultured at three different temperatures (25, 45 and 51 C). As the culture temperature ofTorula thermophila increased, the USI decreased. The USI of the polar lipids ofTorula thermophila at 25, 45 and 51 C were 1.50, 1.28 and 1.11, respectively. Thus the membrane lipids of this fungus appear unusual for a thermophile.
Effects of surface concentration, metals and acid synergists on autoxidation of linoleic acid monolayers on silica
Authors: Porter W. L. , Levasseur L. A. , Henick A. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo approximate in a model system the autoxidation of monomolecular layers of lipids on the cell surfaces of freeze‐dried foods, the autoxidation of presumed monolayers of linoleic acid adsorbed from solution onto silica gel has been studied as a function of time and α‐tocopherol and acid synergist content. The method of Honn, Bezman and Daubert was used, modified by the substitution of linoleic acid for soybean oil and the use of gas chromatography to follow oxygen disappearance at 80 C. It was found that adsorption of linoleic acid onto silica gel from petroleum ether solution conforms to a Langmuir isotherm, consistent with the formation of a monolayer. Confirming the finding of Honn et al. with soybean oil, it was found that the most rapid uptake of oxygen occurred at a linoleic acid‐silica ratio close to that for the monolayer. Without included antioxidant, oxidation commences at a nearly linear rate without observable induction period. Time for consumption of one‐half mole of oxygen per mole of linoleic acid is ca. 60 min on acid‐washed silica. If very small amounts of α‐tocopherol are included in the layer, virtually no oxygen uptake measurable in this system occurs during an induction period, the length of which is approximately proportional to tocopherol content. The inflection point at the commencement of rapid oxidation is very sharp; the ensuing oxidation rate approximates that of the unprotected acid. The induction period of linoleic acid with the same tocopherol content is as much as 100% longer when exposed in monolayer than in a bulk form. However the rate after commencement of rapid oxidation is 8–10 times greater in the monolayer. Acid washing of the silica reduced its iron content by 75%. Acid washing also reduced by 60% the rate of autoxidation without α‐tocopherol and increased the length of the induction period four‐fold when α‐tocopherol was present. The effect of pretreatment of the silica by adsorption of the acid synergists, ascorbic, phosphoric, citric and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid was qualitatively similar to the effect of acid washing. The synergists extended the induction period in increasing order as listed, EDTA producing a 100‐fold extension. For ascorbic acid the rate reduction and increase of induction period were not found on unwashed silica and were dependent on the extent of washing. These findings are consistent with synergist sequestration of metals in a complex that is ineffective in new chain generation by perioxide decomposition.
Preparation and characterization of prostanoyl carnitine
Authors: Johnson M. , Davison Pamela , Holland P. C. , Ramwell P. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method is described for the preparation of prostanoyl carnitine from prostanoic acid and L‐carnitine. The crystalline compound exhibits an IR spectrum and chemical reactivity characteristic of long chain acyl carnitine esters and undergoes β‐oxidation in rat liver mitochondria in the absence of exogenous carnitine and ATP. This suggests that it may be an intermediate in the transport of prostanoic acid across the mitochondrial membrane. The data supply additional evidence that prostaglandin‐like substances are converted to the carnitine ester prior to transport in the mitochondrion.
Detection of aldehydes with 4‐amino‐5‐hydrazino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol as spray reagent
Authors: Rahn C. H. , Schlenk H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA spray reagent of 4‐amino‐5‐hydrazino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol, 2% in aqueous 1N NaOH, was used for the detection of aldehydes on chromatograms of lipids. Purple spots are produced with aldehydes, and 1 μg of palmitaldehyde can be detected easily on thin layer chromatograms. The reagent is specific for aldehydes and does not react with ketones. The aldehyde moiety from plasmalogens is detected only after acidic hydrolysis. Purple or red stains arise also with ozonides. Simple precautions against autoxidation of the lipids should be taken to prevent formation of aldehydes which could lead to misinterpretations.
Fatty acid composition of the sterol ester fraction of human adrenal cortex in Cushing's syndrome and after treatment with aminoglutethimide
Authors: Raggatt P. R. , Engel Lewis L. , Symington T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipid that accumulated in the adrenal cortex of a patient who had been treated with aminoglutethimide has been compared with the lipid in normal human adrenal cortex and identified as esters of cholesterol with fatty acids. While the concentration of free cholesterol was normal, that of esterified cholesterol was three times greater than that in normal controls. Sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography and found to consist almost wholly of cholesterol. The fatty acid composition of the cholesterol esters in adrenal cortex from patients with abnormal steroid secretion rates was determined. An increased proportion of cholesteryl arachidonate (cholesteryl‐3β‐[allcis]‐eicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraenoate) was found in adrenal cortex from patients with decreased steroid secretion rates and a decreased proportion in adrenal cortex from patients with steroid secretion rates raised sufficiently to cause Cushing's Syndrome.
Fractionation and analysis of rat liver14CH3‐lecithins labeled in vivo
Authors: Tinoco J. , Hopkins S. M. , McIntosh D. J. , Sheehan G. , Lyman R. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe14CH3‐lecithins were biosynthesized by normal adult rats injected with14CH3‐methionine. About 20% of the dose was incorporated into liver lecithins. The14CH3‐lecithins were isolated by thin‐layer chromatography. Separation of lecithins on AgNO3‐treated silica gel yielded lecithins containing a saturated fatty acid in combination with mainly one unsaturated fatty acid, namely, oleic, linoleic, eicosatrienoic, or arachidonic acid. These fractions were eluted with methanolic choline chloride, which prevented elution of AgNO3. The lecithins, after extraction into petroleum ether, were analyzed for radioactivity and for fatty acid composition. Yields were about 75%, based upon fatty acids or radioactivity applied to the plate.Specific activities differed sharply between the fractions, and arachidonoyllecithins had the highest specific activity. The sum of the activities contributed by each of the fractions agreed well with the specific activity of total lecithins, indicating the recovery of intact lecithin molecules. The recovery of intact molecules allows this procedure to be used with lecithins containing any isotopic labels.The high specific activity of arachidonoyl‐lecithins relative to the other fractions indicates a high degree of specificity in the metabolic reactions which lead to the formation of rat liver lecithins.
Fatty acid desaturase systems of hen liver and their inhibition by cyclopropene fatty acids
Authors: Johnson A. R. , Fogerty A. C. , Pearson Judith A. , Shenstone F. S. , Bersten Audrey M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHen liver preparations which desaturate stearic acid at the 9,10 position to form oleic acid have been found to desaturate other saturated fatty acids of carbon chain length from 12 to 20 and 22. The 9,10‐monoenoic fatty acid of the same chain length as the substrate fatty acid is the major product formed. Minor amounts of the 10,11‐ and 11, 12‐monoenoic acids are also formed. Maximum desaturation occurred with the C14 fatty acid substrate and with the fatty acids C17 and C18, suggesting the presence of at least two desaturating systems. The cyclopropene fatty acids, sterculic and malvalic acids, inhibited the desaturation of all thefatty acids at the 9,10 position but desaturation at the 10,11 and 11, 12 positions was affected only slightly. The effect is not due to inhibition of the primary activating enzyme, the long chain acyl CoA synthetase. Sterculic acid is a more effective inhibitor than either malvalic acid or sterculyl alcohol, probably because these cyclopropene compounds do not block the desaturating site of the enzyme as completely as sterculic acid.
Intestinal versus hepatic contribution to circulating triglyceride levels
Authors: Cenedella Richard J. , Crouthamel William G. , Mengoli Henry F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUsing intravenous injected [2‐3H] glycerol, measurements wee made of the kinetics of appearance and disappearance of circulating [3H] labeled triglyceride in rats fed a fat free diet containing either no orotic acid (controls) or 2% orotic acid. Following injection of [3H] glycerol, more time is required for the initial appearance of [3H] triglyceride in the circulation of orotic acid treated rats than controls. The sustained entry of triglyceride into the circulation of orotic acid fed rats was only one‐half times as rapid as that seen for control rats. Ca. 10% as much [3H] triglyceride entered the circulation of the orotic acid treated rats as compared with controls. However, the clearance of [3H] triglyceride from the circulation of the orotic acid fed rat was only ca. one‐half times as rapid as that of the control rat. This apparently is due to differences between the lipoproteins produced by the intestines and liver, rather than to changes in the ability of the orotic acid fed animal to clear lipoprotein‐triglyceride from the circulation. Labeled lipoproteins taken from controls and injected into orotic acid treated rats were cleared from the circulation more than twice as rapidly as those taken from orotic acid fed rats and injected into controls. Considering the measured levels of plasma triglyceride synthesis and the slower turnover of the triglycerides produced by the orotic acid fed rat, the findings of this study indicate that the intestines supply 20% or more of the total plasma triglyceride in the absence of dietary fat.
In vitro incorporation of14C‐acetate into lipids of hamster flank organ (Costovertebral organ) sebaceous glands and epidermis
Authors: Lutsky Barry N. , Casmer Charles , Koziol Patricia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFollowing in vitro incubation of flank organs from male golden Syrian hamsters with sodium [1‐14C] acetate, sebaceous glands and appendage‐freed epidermis were obtained by treating the flank organ tissue with calcium chloride. This method permitted the study of incorporation of carbon‐14 into the lipids of these skin components. Extracted lipids were identified by thin layer chromatography and autoradiography and were quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. Mono‐, di‐, and triglycerides, free sterols, fatty acids, wax monoesters, and squalene were identified as products of sebaceous gland metabolism of labeled acetate. In marked contrast, little incorporation of14C into triglycerides by the epidermal preparations was noted, although the epidermal lipids showed higher relative proportions of free sterols and polar lipids (including phospholipids). Accumulation of sterol esters did not occur. In both preparations phosphatidylcholine represented the major labeled phospholipid.
Jimpy mouse: In vitro studies of brain sphingolipid biosynthesis
Authors: Morell Pierre , Costantino‐Ceccarini Elvira 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMicrosomal preparations from brains of Jimpy mice are able to synthesize only 10–20% as much galactosylceramide as preparations from control littermates. Synthesis of glucosylceramide and ketodihydrosphingosine is only slightly impaired.
7‐Methyl‐7‐hexadecenoic acid: Isolation from lipids of the ocean sunfishMola mola (Linnaeus) 1758
Authors: Ackman R. G. , Safe L. , Hooper S. N. , Paradis M. , Safe S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA fatty acid amounting to several per cent of the acids in various samples of the liver oil of the ocean sunfishMola mola was isolated and characterized as 7‐methyl‐7‐hexadecenoic acid. This acid and the previously reported 7‐methyl‐6‐hexadecenoic acid are believed to be chiefly responsible for the 7‐methylhexadecanoic acid observed in many fatty acid mixtures of marine origin after hydrogenation.
Addition compounds of oxidizing tocopherol and soybean lecithin
Authors: Porter W. L. , Henick A. S. , Levasseur L. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEvidence is presented for the formation of addition compounds from tocopherol and soybean lecithin, when adsorbed in monolayer on silica from a mixed solution in chloroform and oxidized at 80 C for 72 hr. Tocopherol was present at 7 mol % of the lecithin in the monolayer. The compounds produced are analogous to linoleic acid‐tocopherol adducts previously reported by us. UV spectra of the mixed lecithin and tocopherol monolayers while in silica gel slurry in a solvent were obtained by the method previously reported by us for oxidized linoleic acid and tocopherol monolayers. The monolayer spectra show no evidence for tocopherol dimer. A minor amount of quinone is indicated, but the spectrum has a maximum at 287 nm with no other major peaks. The proposed addition compounds have been characterized by transesterification and hydrogenation, UV, IR, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography retention behavior, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. IR spectra of twice‐chromatographed addition compounds show specific lecithin absorption bands (5.75 μ; 10.3 μ) together with much enhanced 3.4–3.5, 6.8, 7.25 and 9.14 μ peaks, the latter two being characteristic of α‐tocopherol. The UV spectrum of the adducts showed λmaxCHCl3 287 nm, with shoulders at 276 and 300 nm. Hydrogenation removed the peaks at 287 and 276 nm, leaving a peak at 300 nm similar to that of the linoleic acid‐tocopherol adduct. Esters of the adducts prepared by transesterification and hydrogenation were similar by all our chemical, chromatographic and spectral tests to the previously characterized esters of the linoleic acid‐tocopherol adduct.
Effect of soy sterols on cholesterol synthesis in the rat
Authors: Fishler‐Mates Z. , Budowski P. , Pinsky A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSoy sterols increased the incorporation of acetate into cholesterol by rat liver slices and prevented the depression of cholesterogenesis caused by dietary cholesterol. Acetate incorporation into cholesterol by intestinal slices was not affected by soy sterols but was decreased by cholesterol. The results with liver slices agree with the view that soy sterols, by interfering with the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, prevent the feedback inhibition of hepatic cholesterogenesis.
Sulfated bile acid in urine of patients with hepatobiliary diseases
Authors: Makino Isao , Shinozaki Kenjiro , Nakagawa Shoichi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe presence of sulfated bile acid in urine of patients with hepatobiliary diseases was recognized by using an Amberlite XAD‐2 column for extraction of bile acid and a Sephadex LH‐20 column for separation of sulfated (sulfate of either taurine or glycine conjugate) and nonsulfated bile acid (taurine and glycine conjugate). Sulfated and nonsulfated bile acid, obtained after a Sephadex LH‐20 column of urinary extract of the patient with acute hepatitis, was identified by thin layer chromatography. Sulfated bile acid showed a spot with different Rf value from that of taurine‐conjugated, glycine‐conjugated and free bile acid, and solvolysis of sulfated bile acid resulted in a compound with the same Rf value as glycodihydroxycholanoic acid. A large amount of bile acid sulfate was found in urine of patients with hepatobiliary diseases. The sulfated bile acid in these urine samples occupied from 57.1 to 93.3% of total bile acid, and consisted of both di‐and trihydroxycholanoic acid (major part, chenodeoxycholic acid). As no solvolysis was carried out in previous works, bile acid sulfate in urine, as described in this paper, was not determined at all.
Autoxidation and effects of pro‐ and antioxidants in lyophilized red blood cell membranes
Authors: Porter W. L. , Henick A. S. , Murphy F. , Colgan R. , Porfert G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOxygen uptake and effects of pro‐ and antioxidants have been compared at 80 C in lyophilized red blood cell (RBC) bilayer membranes (ghosts). In this dry and relatively immobile system, catalytic metals have pronounced effects. When ghosts are prepared in the usual manner, in phosphate buffer, hypotonic saline, or deionized water (DI), oxygen uptake is extremely slow and limited unless: (a) catalytic metal, e.g., cobaltous ion, is supplied in the absence of metal‐complexing buffers and (b) residual phosphate buffer is removed by repeated deionized water or hypotonic saline washes. Ghosts adsorb d‐α‐tocopherol strongly from 1% alcohol emulsion in buffer in amounts far above normal RBC concentrations, whereas synthetic antioxidant uptake seldom exceeds the normal tocopherol level. Uptake and effectiveness of antioxidants introduced by either perfusion or in the vapor phase, and resistance of ghosts to autoxidation are discussed as they relate to protection of lyophilized membranes and freeze‐dried foods.
Chain length specificity in the utilization of long chain alcohols for ether lipid biosynthesis in rat brain
Authors: Natarajan V. , Schmid H. H. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA mixture ofcis‐9‐[1‐14C] octadecenol and [1‐14C] docosanol was injected into the brains of 19‐day‐old rats, and incorporation of radioactivity into brain lipids was determined after 3, 12, and 24 hr. Both alcohols were metabolized by the brain but at different rates; each was oxidized to the corresponding fatty acid, but oleic acid was more radily incorporated into polar lipids. Substantial amounts of radioactivity were incorporated into 18∶1 alkyl and alk‐1‐enyl moieties of the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and into 18∶1 alkyl moieties of the choline phosphoglycerides. Even after the disappearance of the 18∶1 alcohol from the substrate mixture (12 hr), the 22∶0 alcohol was not used to any measurable extent for alkyl and alk‐1‐enyl glycerol formation.
Effect of a diet rich in sunflower oil on aspects of lipid metabolism in the genetically‐obese rat
Authors: Wahle K. W. J. , Radcliffe J. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAspects of the lipid metabolism of male, obese and lean Zucker rats were compared using animals which had been fed ad libitum for 32 days on a diet (HS) which contained 200 g sunflowerseed oil/kg or one (LS) which contained 50 g/kg of the oil. When compared with the LS diet, the HS diet decreased the characteristic lipid accretion in the liver of obese rats from 126 mg (LS) to 81 mg (HS)/g wet weight; corresponding values for the lean rats were 39 mg and 56 mg/g wet weight of liver, respectively. The HS diet depressed lipid synthesis de novo by liver homogenates and decreased the Δ9‐desaturase activity of liver microsomes from obese and clean rats by about 50%. Δ9‐Desaturase activity in vitro was also depressed by the addition of linoleic acid to liver microsomes from both obese and lean rats fed ad libitum on a standard laboratory diet. Depressed Δ9‐desaturase activity, due to ingestion of the HS diet, was reflected in lower ratios of 16∶1/16∶0 and 18∶1/18∶0 fatty acids in tissue lipids from obese and lean rats. Ingestion of the HS compared with the LS diet resulted in increased proportions of 18∶2ω6 in liver lipids and adipose tissue triacylglycerols of obese and lean rats. The HS diet also increased the proportions of 20∶4ω6 in adipose triacylglycerols of obese and lean rats and in liver lipids of obese animals but not in their lean littermates.
Hypertriglyceridemia in ehrlich ascites carcinomatous mice: Tumor and mouse strain differences
Authors: Kannan R. , Baker N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEhrlich ascites carcinoma growth in mice induces hypertriglyceridemia. The degree of hypertriglyceridemia found in one laboratory (Spector's) was much greater than we observed in our laboratory. Moreover, major differences were reported with respect to fasting (no effect on tumor extracellular fluid triglyceride levels in Spector's tumor‐bearing mice; marked decrease in ours). We have obtained tumorous CBA mice from Spector's laboratory and have studied them simultaneously with our Swiss‐Webster mice. Triglyceride levels of the above two groups and from two controlled crossover groups, included to evaluate the influence of mouse and tumor strains on hypertriglyceridemia, were determined. The CBA mice had intense hypertriglyceridemia and high triglyceride levels in tumor extracellular fluid regardless of the subline source of ascites tumor. On the other hand, only mild hyperlipidemia was induced with both strains of tumor in Swiss‐Webster mice. Thus, the variations in plasma and tumor extracellular fluid triglyceride levels probably arise from the mouse strains and not from variations in the tumor subline. Fasting caused a decrease in both plasma and tumor extracellular fluid triglyceride concentrations in CBA, as well as in Swiss‐Webster mice. A mouse strain difference was also evident from a significant decrease in wet weights of adipose tissues like epididymal fat, inguinal fat, and intermuscular fat with tumor growth in the CBA strain which was not observed in the Swiss‐Webster strain at the corresponding stage of tumor growth. Study of these strain differences may lead to an understanding of factors that regulate hyperlipidemia.