bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetal derivatives of methyl 9(10)‐formylstearate: Plasticizers for PVC
Authors: Awl R. A. , Frankel E. N. , Pryde E. H. , Cowan J. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeveral acetals and an enol ether were prepared from methyl 9(10)‐formylstearate and characterized with respect to their thermal, spectroscopic and chromatographic properties. These low‐melting (below −80 C) compounds were generally compatible as secondary poly(vinyl chloride) plasticizers and imparted low‐temperature properties that were intermediate between those obtained with dioctyl phthalate and dioctyl sebacate.
The component triacylglycerols of avocado fruit‐coat
Authors: Sharma Chandra B. , Martinez Glenda C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe component triacylglycerols of avocado fruit‐coat fat have been determined by thin layer argentation chromatography and by pancreatic lipolysis. The fat was found to contain a total of 33 triacylglycerols (10 major and 23 minor) belonging to triunsaturated (43.0%), diunsaturated‐monosaturated (44.1%), disaturated‐monounsaturated (12.4%) and trisaturated (0.5%) types of acylglycerols. The results of the distribution of individual fatty acids show a 1,3‐random‐2‐random distribution pattern. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid was esterified at the 2 position with greater preference than either oleic or palmitoleic acid.
Sunflowers: America’s neglected crop
Authors: Robertson James A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sunflower,Helianthus annuus, is a crop which has been neglected in American agriculture. Sunflower oil from seed grown in the northern U.S. typically contains 70% linoleic acid and has a high ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids. This makes it desirable as an edible oil in light of evidence linking saturated fats to high blood cholesterol and incidence of heart disease. In contrast sunflower oil from seed produced in the South generally contains 40–50% linoleic acid. Preliminary studies indicate that southern oil with a lower content of linoleic acid is slightly more stable than northern oil. The effect of planting dates, location and environmental temperatures on the fatty acid composition of northern and southern sunflower oils is reported. Studies also show that potato chips fried in sunflower oil are more flavorful after storage for four weeks than similarly treated chips fried in cottonseed‐corn oil mixtures. Sunflower protein is highly digestible (90%) and possesses a high biological value (60%). Protein isolates prepared by the conventional method of extraction are greenish in color due to oxidation of chlorogenic acid. However research underway indicates that development of a nearly white isolate is possible. Analysis of chemical, physical and organoleptic properties indicate that dehulled sunflower kernels can be used in various food products. Defatted meal also can be used as a partial wheat substitute in bread and other bakery products.
Sesame: Current knowledge of composition and use
Authors: Lyon C. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBecause of its good taste and outstanding stability, sesame oil has long been one of the most desirable edible vegetable oils. Sesame meal is a valuable supplement for food and feeds because of the high methionine content of its protein relative to other oilseed proteins. Production of sesame seed in the U.S. has been small but is expected to increase with success in the development of nonshattering varieties. Current information on the composition, properties, processing and use of sesame is discussed.
Properties of aqueous solutions of disodium di‐3‐sulfopropyl α,θ‐alkane dicarboxylate
Authors: Ueno Minoru , Hikota Takeshi , Mitama Toshikatsu , Meguro Kenjiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of disodium di‐3‐sulfopropyl α,θ‐alkane dicarboxylates NaO3S(CH2)3OOC(CH2)nCOO(CH2)3SO3Na (n=10, 12, 14, and 16) were prepared by the reaction of propane sultone with decane, dodecane, tetradecane or hexadecane dicarboxylic acids, and were estimated as to Krafft point and critical micelle concentration (cmc). The Krafft points of these α,θ‐type surfactants were determined from the temperature at which the abrupt changes in the conductivities of the aqueous solutions in the presence of the solid surfactant were below 0 C for n=10, 23.5 C for n=12, 31.0 C for n=14 and 38.5 C for n = 16. The α,θ‐type surfactant solution showed two break points in each plot of electroconductivity as a function of surfactant concentration. These results were considered to be due to the existence of the second cmc characteristic of these surfactants. A plot of the values obtained from the 1st cmc and the 2nd cmc of the α,θ‐type surfactants decreases logarithmically according to the increasing total number of methylene groups (N). Their relationship is given as follows: log cmc =−0.142N+3.77 (1st cmc); log cmc =−0.143N+4.20 (2nd cmc).
Recombination products from the radiolysis of tricaproin
Authors: Letellier P. R. , Nawar W. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA low molecular weight triglyceride, tricaproin, has been selected to study the higher molecular weight products produced by irradiation. In a previous publication the identification of the primary radiolytic products in tricaproin was reported. In the present work, 28 compounds considered to have been produced by the combination of free radicals have been identified. Among these are hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, alkanediol diesters and glyceryl ether diesters. Reaction mechanisms for the production of these compounds are discussed.
NMR chemical shift reagents in structural determination of lipid derivatives: II. Methyl petroselinate and methyl oleate
Authors: Wineburg John P. , Swern Daniel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWhentris(1,1,1,2,2,3,3‐heptafluoro‐7,7‐dimethyl‐4,6‐octaneodionato)europium (III)—Eu(fod)3—forms a complex with a sufficiently basic functional group in a donor molecule, the change in the magnetic environment of protons near the coordination site causes their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals to shift to different positions. Consequently Eu(fod)3 and other compounds that similarly affect NMR signals have been designated chemical shift reagents (csr). Because of their ability to shift proton signals, csr substantially increase the amount of structural information that can be obtained from NMR spectroscopy, frequently converting complicated splitting patterns into first‐order spectra. Some generally useful experimental and interpretive csr techniques are described here using methyl petroselinate and methyl oleate as examples. Csr studies of methyl petroselinate reveal that the position of the double bond is at C‐6, and that there is no chain substitution or branching before C‐9. Csr studies of methyl oleate reveal that the position of the double bond is at or beyond C‐9, and that there is no chain substitution or branching before C‐6. Some suggestions are presented for expanding the amount of structural information that can be obtained by csr studies of unsaturated lipid derivatives.
High resolution NMR for purity determination of cyclopropenoid concentrates
Authors: Boudreaux G. J. , Bailey A. V. , Tripp V. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHigh resolution nuclear magnetic resonance is proposed as a method for assaying the cyclopropenoid concentration of methyl sterculate and methyl malvalate concentrates. Spectra obtained on a 220 MHz instrument are analyzed and compared with that obtained on a 60 MHz instrument. Calculation of cyclopropene concentration based on methoxy protons and cyclopropene protons is discussed.
Raw materials. Handling and control
Authors: Good Robert D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe handling and control of the raw materials for the oil seed industry can be primarily characterized by the short harvest season, by the necessity to move them into protected storage in minimum time, and by the required care before they can be processed. But they can be treated and stored successfully with minimal deterioration long enough to allow the processing industry to operate throughout the year.Soybeans, cottonseed, flax, safflower, and other oil seeds are subject to damage primarily from biological actions, which are accelerated by high moisture content, foreign material, physical damage, and such adverse climatic conditions as frost or rain before harvest.The primary object of the storage units, cleaners, and dryers used by oil mill processors is to minimize further damage and to reduce the effects of damage occurring prior to receipt. The various types of machinery, equipment, and storage units to accomplish this objective successfully are discussed.It is possible to design and build equipment and storage units which will theoretically handle almost any situation, but the capital investment would be so large that carrying charges would prevent a profit in the market place. Accordingly the oil seed processor must combine ingenuity and foresight with hard work to provide a solution to the problems of each season in an industry where no season is entirely like any other.
Automated techniques in serum lipid analysis
Authors: Antonis Arnold 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSemi‐ and partially‐automated procedures for the analysis of serum lipids directly on the initial solvent extract which have been developed recently by the author and other investigators are reviewed. Techniques are discussed which involve either colorimetric or fluorimetric estimation of the concentration of the individual lipid components of serum such as total cholesterol, acyl esters, phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids. The results obtained with the automated methods are presented and evaluated by comparison to established manual methods now routinely used in clinical laboratories, and the advantage as well as the limitations of the automated procedures are indicated.
Occurrence, detection, and prevention of cyclization during hydrogenation of fatty oils
Authors: Coenen J. W. E. , Wieske Th. , Cross R. S. , Rinke Miss H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt has been shown that, under certain extreme conditions during catalytic hydrogenation of materials containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, o‐substituted benzene monocarboxylic acids (aromatic fatty acids = AFA) can be formed. Pure AFA were isolated from isomerized linseed oil, and their structure was elucidated from spectroscopic data. Final confirmation of the structure was obtained by direct synthesis. Quantitative determinations involved IR and NMR measurements of the urea non‐adduct forming fraction. In this way as little as 0.01% AFA can be detected. To provide a greater operational latitude in technical processing without formation of these compounds, a two‐stage modified hydrogenation process has been worked out.
Hip range of motion in Perthes’ disease: Comparison of pre-operative and intra-operative values
Authors: Stanitski Carl L. 
Published: March 2007

Background Children with early Perthes’ disease and clinical loss of motion are commonly noted to have normal or almost normal hip range of motion (ROM) when examined under anesthesia (EUA). Despite anecdotal comments about this observation, no series has documented these findings. The lack of such data led to this study. Methods Consecutive patients with unilateral Herring class B or C Perthes’ disease in mid to late Waldenstrom's fragmentation stages who failed a non-operative course of hip motion restoration had hip range of motion (ROM) documented pre-operatively and intra-operatively by a single, experienced pediatric orthopedic surgeon. The opposite normal hip's ROM was used as the control. Joint congruity was assessed arthrographically. Results Twenty-seven patients, 6–10 years old (average 7.9 years) with early Perthes’ disease were reviewed. Twenty-one of 27 patients (77.7%) had full or almost full hip ROM of the involved side when examined under anesthesia (EUA). Six patients (22.3%) had limited abduction (<50 degrees) and underwent an adductor tenotomy that normalized hip ROM. Five of these six patients were older than 8 years. Intra-operative arthrography did not demonstrate lack of containment, hinge abduction or joint incongruity. Conclusions Loss of hip ROM in this series of patients with early Perthes’ disease without intra-articular incongruity was due to pain and muscle spasm which were obviated by anesthesia, demonstrating essentially normal hip ROM in the majority of patients. Pre-operative bed rest and traction was not required to restore ROM in this group of patients.
Transforming growth factor beta‐1 enhances cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in human lung adenocarcinoma cells of A549 line
Authors: Filyak Yevhen , Filyak Oksana , Stoika Rostyslav 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGFbeta‐1) is a regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Doxorubicin (adriamycin), an anthracycline drug causing double‐strand DNA breaks, is widely used in anticancer chemotherapy. Here we demonstrated that TGFbeta‐1 enhanced cytotoxic (proapoptotic) action of doxorubicin towards cultured human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Western‐blot analysis and immunocytochemistry were used to show that doxorubicin induced PARP degradation in A549 cells, and TGFbeta‐1 enhanced that action of the drug. The obtained results suggest a possibility of biomodulating effect of TGFbeta‐1 on tumor cell treatment with doxorubicin.
The activities of the German Weather Service (DWD) in the field of agroclimatology
Authors: Friesland H. , Löpmeier F.‐J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAgroclimatology represents the link between several agrometeorological fields and climatological applications. The German Weather Service (DWD) uses data from many meteorological stations for 40‐year calculations by agrometeorological models. The topics extend from microclimatic elements over the wide field of soil conditions and water content, agricultural operations and product quality to forest fires and plant pests. Analyses of agroclimatic output allow for better planning, risk assessment, objective evaluation of the current situation and even for a test of the models used. Current applications concern crop microclimate, including soil, evapotranspiration and volatilisation, plant protection, phenology and product quality, with examples such as the frequency of extreme soil frost, optimum harvest conditions, plant water stress on different soils, and the frequency of high pest incidence. Not only singular places, but regions too can be evaluated. Results from combinations of elements, such as soil frozen with high water content, are considered valuable for recommendations to agricultural users. Agroclimatic model information concerning, for example, removal of plastic cover from spring crops, soil conditions for plant water use, tractability, herbicide effectiveness, germination, nutrient washout, and harvest, is directly usable by farmers. The information about forest fire index, extreme season assessment (for compensation payments), and trend analyses is of practical use for administration. The use of risk levels for plant pathogens is important both for farmers and extension services. The future importance of agroclimatic applications is considered high. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Impact assessment study of climate change on agricultural zoning
Authors: Zullo Jurandir , Pinto Hilton Silveira , Eduardo Delgado Assad  
Published: March 2007

AbstractIf mean temperature increases, in accordance with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections and adaptations and/or genetic modifications are not considered, suitable areas for farming corn (Zea mays) and coffee (Coffea arabica) will decrease in the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Further, increases in precipitation will not be enough to ameliorate the impacts associated with increases in mean temperatures. Suitability for grain production will decrease more rapidly in regions with sandy soils than in regions with clay or medium soils, as the temperature increases. The projected increase in mean temperature of up to 5.8°C would decrease the suitability for grain production drastically in spite of soil texture. Besides the reduction of suitable areas for coffee production, the projections suggest that changes will be more enhanced in the southeast of the state, especially in higher elevation regions, where farming practice, soils, and infrastructure are unsuitable for the economic production of coffee. In both cases, no compensatory increase in suitable areas for production is likely under current IPCC scenarios. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
The agroclimatic analysis at farm scale
Authors: Orlandini Simone , Marta Anna Dalla , Mancini Marco 
Published: March 2007

AbstractResearch was performed in Poggio Casciano Estate (Chianti area, central Italy) with the aim of defining a general approach to analyse the spatial variability of temperature at the microscale. Hourly data were collected from a network of 27 temperature stations covering an area of about 120 ha and determination coefficients (r2) between station pairs on the basis of different geo‐topographical factors were calculated. The data were analysed in order to investigate trends describing the spatial distribution of temperature inside the study area. The results pointed out a strong effect of some topographical condition on the distribution of thermal patterns, in particular altitude and the distance from valley bottoms. The results are discussed in order to formulate a general approach for the characterisation of climatic conditions at small scale. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Commission 4: Ephemerides
Authors: Krasinsky George , Fukushima Toshio , Chapront J. , Standish E.M. , Hohenkerk C. , Kaplan G. , Seidelmann P.K. , Bangert J. , Urban S. , Vondrak J. 
Published: March 2007

JPL continues to be active in creating ephemerides in support of spacecraft navigation as well as various other functions. Many of the products are available on web sites: (a) “Horizons”, the interactive web site, updated on an hourly basis, is located at http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. As of August, 2005, it contains orbital elements and ephemerides for the sun and 9 planets, 150 natural satellites (including the Moon), 291, 655 asteroids, 1631 comets, and 34 Spacecraft. Horizons uses the full precision of the JPL DE405.(b)JPL's Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides in “export” format are available via FTP from the Internet: ftp://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/eph/export/ or on a CD-ROM: http://www.willbell.com/software/jpl.htm We advise to read the attached README.(c)The observational data used in fitting the planetary ephemerides is available at the following web site, updated periodically: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/plan-eph-data/(d)SPICE Toolkit is a subroutine package for experienced programmers who write their own main driving programs for astrometrical computations. SPICE is available at http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/. It contains a large library of subroutines useful in reading SPICE format ephemeris files (SPK) and in computing many solar system observation geometry parameters associated with the various JPL solar system missions. Available in Fortran, C, and IDL for most popular computing platforms.
Commission 19: Rotation of the Earth
Authors: Dehant Veronique , Brzezinski Aleksander , Capitaine N. , Dickey J. , Fukushima T. , Gambis D. , Gross R. , Hefty J. , Huang C. , Ma C. , Malkin Z. , Poma A. , Ray J. , Richter B. , Ron C. , Rothacher M. , Sidorenkov N. , Soffel M. , Vondrak J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe activities in scientific research related to Commission 19 are mostly developed in the different institutions that have sent their reports here enclosed, in the different meetings that have been organized in related themes, and in the WGs of the Division 1. An important additional activity has been developed in the frame of precession and nutation. This research has been initiated by the Descartes Prize received by the Nutation Consortium in 2003.
Division I Working Group on “Nomenclature for Fundamental Astronomy” (NFA)
Authors: Capitaine Nicole , Andrei A.H. , Calabretta M. , Dehant V. , Fukushima T. , Guinot B. , Hohenkerk C. , Kaplan G. , lioner S. , Kovalevsky J. , Kumkova I. , Ma C. , McCarthy D.D. , Seidelmann P.K. , Wallace P.T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA Division 1 Working Group on “Nomenclature for Fundamental Astronomy” (NFA) was formed at the 25th IAU GA in 2003 in order to provide proposals for the new nomenclature associated with the implementation of the IAU 2000 resolutions on reference systems. This WG is also intended to make related educational efforts for addressing the issue to the large community of scientists. The activities of the NFA WG since October 2003 have consisted of newsletters, questionnaires, detailed e-mail discussion, and the preparation of WG recommendations and guidelines which are supported by explanatory documents. The NFA documents have been discussed during international meetings in 2004 and 2005. A NFA WG resolution proposal will be submitted to the IAU 2006 GA as a supplement to the IAU 2000 resolutions. The NFA material has been made available on the NFA web Bite at:http://syrte.obspm.fr/iauWGnfa/.
Division IV: Stars
Authors: Dravins Dainis , Barbuy Beatriz , Corbally Christopher , Dziembowski Wojciech , Hartkopf William , Sneden Christopher , Spite Monique 
Published: March 2007

The IAU Division IV (‘Stars’) organizes astronomers studying the characteristics, interior and atmospheric structure, and evolution of stars of all masses, ages, and chemical compositions.During the triennial starting at the Sydney General Assembly in August 2003, the following o.cials served in Division IV: President – Dainis Dravins (Lund, Sweden); Organizing Committee – Beatriz Barbuy (São Paolo, Brazil; former Div.IV president); Christopher Corbally (Vatican & Tucson, USA; Comm. 45 President); Wojciech Dziembowski (Warsaw, Poland; Comm. 35 President); William Hartkopf (Washington DC, USA; Comm. 26 President); Christopher Sneden (Austin, USA; Comm. 29 President), and Monique Spite (Paris-Meudon, France; Comm. 36 President).
Commission 35: Stellar Constitution
Authors: Dziembowski Wojciech A. , D'Antona Francesca , Charbonnel C. , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Guzik J. , Langer N. , Larson R. , Liebert J. , Meynet G. , Müller E. , Saio H. , VandenBerg D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIhe triennial report from Commission 35 covers its organizational activities and highlights accomplishments in various topics of stellar interior physics.
Working Group on Massive Stars
Authors: Leitherer Claus , Crowther Paul , Eenens Philippe , Fullerton Alex , Koenigsberger Gloria , Massey Phil , Meynet George , Moffat Tony , Owocki Stan , Puls Joachim 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis report covers the activity period 2002–2005 of the IAU Working Group on Massive Stars
Commission C27: Variable Stars†
Authors: Aerts Conny , Kawaler Steven , Bedding Tim , Cacciari Carla , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen , Cottrell Peter , Cunha Margarida , Handler Gerald , Martinez Peter , Sasselov Dimitar , Seetha S. , Welch Doug 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report the major highlights of variable star research within the past three years. This overview is limited to intrinsically variable stars, because the achievements in variable star research stemming from binarity, or multiplicity in general, is covered by the summary report of Commissions 26 and 42.
Commission 28: Galaxies
Authors: Sadler Elaine M. , Combes F. , Binney J.J. , Fairall A.P. , Heckman T.M. , Karachentseva V. , Knapp G.R. , Kraan–Korteweg R.C. , Leibundgut B. , Lilly S.J. , Narlikar J.V. , Okamura S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis report gives a brief overview of some of the activities and developments in extragalactic research over the past three years.