bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Problems
Authors: Root Michael 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter examines the sociology of sociological problems. The first section describes the history of the sociological study of social problems. The second explains how the history has been shaped by Weber's views on value freedom. The third shows why a study of social problems cannot be silent on questions of right and wrong and, at the same time, be socially relevant, and the fourth section considers whether a study can be both value laden and objective or scientific.
Some Lessons Learned? A Case Study of Research Dissemination to Young People in Care
Authors: Emond Ruth , Gilligan Robbie 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a research project aimed at exploring the experiences of children and young people in residential care with regard to education. In particular, it highlights the ways in which the two social arenas of school and institutional care are interconnected, and how these arenas and connections were managed by young people themselves. The chapter provides a respective account of undertaking non-commissioned research and the impact this has on the resulting dissemination strategy. Rather than presenting the findings of the study, it focuses on the process of producing dissemination materials targeted at research end users, in this case children and young people living in residential care in Ireland. It discusses the experience of conducting policy-oriented research without the active contribution of key policy stakeholders.
Prodigal Nation
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis book traces the emergence and development of the American jeremiad, a form of political rhetoric that laments the nation's decline from a virtuous past and calls it to repentance and renewal. Employed by Americans of all political persuasions since the earliest days of settlement, the jeremiad has proven to be a powerful way of invoking the American past in order to chart a brighter American future. Part I of the book focuses on three especially important episodes in the jeremiad's history: early New England, Civil War America, and the rise of the Christian Right. Part II provides a critical analysis of the jeremiad's role in the American “culture wars” and politics more generally. In seeking to place the American past in the service of the American future, the book argues, the jeremiad takes not one form, but two: a traditionalist jeremiad whose view of the past depends heavily on claims about how things used to be, and emphasizes the importance of preserving concrete aspects of the past as we move toward an uncertain future; and a progressive jeremiad, which views the past as a repository of emancipatory principles articulated at the founding but never fully realized in practice. Acknowledging that both traditionalist and progressive jeremiads are deeply entwined with the nation's history, the book concludes with a call for a revived progressive jeremiad as most compatible with the deep diversity—cultural, religious, political, philosophical—that characterizes American society at the dawn of the twenty‐first century.
One The American Jeremiad
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter introduces the jeremiad, a form of political rhetoric that laments a degenerate present as compared to a virtuous past and calls the nation to reform and renewal. The chapter more specifically focuses on the American jeremiad, which nests the story of decline within a larger sacred story of an American “Chosen Nation” occupying a singular role in God's plans for human history. Thus the power of the jeremiad lies in its simultaneous lament over the present and the deep sense of hope in the nation's ultimate promise. The chapter lays out the scope and focus of the book's attention to the jeremiad, its special attention to early New England, the Civil War, and the Christian Right as especially significant in the history of the jeremiad in America.
Seven The Jeremiad and the Culture Wars
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn his noted book Culture Wars, James Davison Hunter referred to a series of linked disputes in late 20th‐century American society, disputes that involve government but are at their root about fundamentally conflicting moral worldviews. This chapter explores the role played by the jeremiad in the American culture wars. It opens by considering two participants in these culture wars—Pat Buchanan and Bill Moyers—and then moves on to a consideration of the ways that cultural politics provide compelling plots for American Jeremiahs to organize their narratives of decline and renewal.
Eight The Past, Present and Future of the American Jeremiad
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter concludes the book by reflecting on the relationship between the American jeremiad and notions of American national identity, more particularly the idea of national chosenness. The chapter argues that the traditionalist jeremiad, while as deeply rooted in the American tradition as its progressive counterpart, is unable to do justice to the full citizenship of the broad and diverse American population of the 21st century, given its emphasis on concrete elements of the nation's past and its view of the past as model for the future. It concludes with a brief consideration of Sacvan Bercovitch's influential work on the American jeremiad, and a call for a reinvigorated progressive jeremiad as most compatible with an expanding notion of American promise as the nation moves into the 21st century.
Helping Children of Rural, Methamphetamine-Involved Families
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the late 20th and early 21st century United States, the production and misuse of methamphetamine was a growing and urgent public health, criminal justice, and child welfare problem affecting whole families and communities, particularly in rural areas. Yet, child welfare professionals, social workers, educators, and others working within rural areas had little systematic, descriptive data on which to build effective interventions for the growing numbers of children affected by methamphetamine misuse. This book describes a program of mixed methods research combining strategies from developmental and child clinical psychology, psychiatry, and ethnography to examine the psychological functioning of rural children from methamphetamine-involved families. Participants were twenty-nine children in foster care because of parental methamphetamine misuse, four mothers recovering from methamphetamine addiction, seven foster parents of children from methamphetamine-involved families, and twenty-eight knowledgeable rural professionals (child welfare and law enforcement professionals, substance abuse and mental health providers and educators). Children whose parents abuse methamphetamine are often exposed to toxic chemicals, violence, criminal behavior, and neglect as well as physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. Many school-aged children in foster care because of parental methamphetamine misuse have high levels of trauma symptoms and behavior problems. Descriptive information on the contexts in which children are reared, participant observation, psychological testing, and in-depth interviews with children, in conjunction with existing research were used to develop and pilot test an intervention — Life Story Intervention — for rural children in foster care because of parent substance misuse.
Introduction
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter introduces the problem of methamphetamine misuse focusing on rural children, and the psychological as well as physical hazards posed to children due to parental impairment and exposure to adult criminality. The research presented in this book is undergirded by a sociocultural model of human development. Understanding the contexts in which children are reared, as well as participants' (children's, parents', professionals') experiences and perceptions of those contexts, provides models for the design of culturally and developmentally sensitive mental health interventions for children exposed to trauma.
History and Epidemiology
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter provides an introductory discussion of the history and epidemiology of methamphetamine. Despite intense publicity in the popular press in the 1990s and early 2000s, methamphetamine is not a new drug, nor are problems with its misuse. Crises of methamphetamine misuse have occurred in diverse cultural and historical contexts from post World War II urban Japan to turn-of-the-century, rural Midwest. The social impact of these crises has been related to the quality of the drug, its means of distribution, population of users, methods of administration, and legal sanctions, all of which have varied widely across time and place.
The Research Program
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the mixed methods research strategy. The site of the research is predominantly white, working-class, rural Illinois in the early 21st century. Participants were twenty-nine children in foster care because of parent methamphetamine misuse, four mothers recovering from methamphetamine addiction, seven foster parents of children from methamphetamine-involved families, and twenty-eight knowledgeable rural professionals (child welfare and law enforcement professionals, substance abuse and mental health providers and educators). Methods included extensive participant observation primarily shadowing child welfare investigators; in-depth, audiotaped individual interviews with adults and children; and standardized psychological testing of children.
Narrative of a Rural Child Welfare Professional
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter provides a portrait of the impact of parental methamphetamine misuse, as seen through the eyes of a child welfare professional with over twenty-five years experience working with children and families in rural Illinois. Her account of the strain on rural communities and the devastation of individuals and families make concrete the human experiences of methamphetamine misuse: the endangered child welfare professionals, devastated parents and traumatized children, and also their resilience and resourcefulness.
Children’s Responses to Life Story Intervention
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEvaluation of Life Story Intervention using a quasi-experimental, longitudinal design is ongoing. This chapter describes the intervention's pilot tests, and presents several contrasting case studies of children's responses. The children depicted are similar in age, length of time in foster care, past experiences, and history of involvement with parental methamphetamine misuse. They illustrate a variety of child responses to Life Story Intervention, their struggles, and attempts to help. Life Story Intervention provided a bridge, bringing needed intervention to children at a critical time in their lives characterized by impermanence and flux, prior to engagement in a longer-term mental health intervention.
Narrative of a Community Clinician
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe design and implementation of Life Story Intervention involved close collaborations with rural adults who worked in a professional capacity with children. This chapter presents the account of a community professional's experiences in conducting Life Story Intervention with two young adolescent boys in foster care because of their parents' methamphetamine misuse.
Sense of the Faithful
Authors: Baggett Jerome P. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The image of the “cafeteria Catholic”—one who blithely picks and chooses those doctrines that suit him—is a staple of American culture. But are American Catholics really so nonchalant about how they integrate the ancient devotional practices of Catholicism with the everyday struggles of the modern world? For this book 300 intensive interviews were conducted with members of six parishes to explore all aspects of this question. The book acts as an act of listening that allows ordinary Catholics to speak for themselves about how they understand their faith and how they draw upon it to find purpose in their lives. Many American Catholics, the book shows, do indeed have an uneasy relationship with the official teachings of the Church and struggle to live faithfully amidst the challenges of the modern world. But the book finds that it is a genuine struggle, one that reveals a dynamic and self-aware relationship to the Church's teachings.
Context
Authors: Baggett Jerome P. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of the dramatic changes in American Catholicism that have occurred within the past century. Topics covered include the theological tumult caused by the 1899 encyclical Testem benevolentiae (A Testament of Esteem), which Pope Leo XIII addressed to Cardinal James Gibbons; Catholicism in the 1950s, and the ideological impact of Vatican II reforms. The chapter then details the rationale and research methods used in this book.
The Presuppositions of Constitutional Interpretation
Authors: Barber Sotirios A. , Fleming James E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Many books on and courses in constitutional law are about what the United States Supreme Court has said about the Constitution, not about what the Constitution itself means. But the enterprise of constitutional interpretation presupposes that the Constitution in and of itself can mean something, and that conscientious, responsible interpreters are seeking the true meaning or best interpretation of the Constitution. This chapter explores the questions raised by these presuppositions. It also raises the basic questions of constitutional interpretation: What is the Constitution?, Who may authoritatively interpret it?, and How should it be interpreted?
The Principal Questions of Constitutional Interpretation
Authors: Barber Sotirios A. , Fleming James E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter takes up the principal questions of constitutional interpretation and the assumptions underlying the enterprise of constitutional interpretation by considering William Rehnquist's classic criticism of the notion of a “living constitution” and defense of a narrow originalism. It argues that fidelity to the Constitution as written — understood as a scheme of abstract moral principles or concepts like fairness rather than as a code of concrete historical conceptions of those concepts — requires what Ronald Dworkin has called a “fusion” of constitutional law and moral philosophy. Such a philosophic approach would require “judicial activism”, not “judicial deference”. It also would, as Dworkin argues, presuppose a moral objectivity of principle, not, as Rehnquist assumes, moral skepticism.
The Philosophic Approach
Authors: Barber Sotirios A. , Fleming James E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter defends the philosophic approach to constitutional interpretation. This thinking for oneself must be conducted with an attitude of self-criticism, seeing constitutional interpretation as a self-critical quest for the best understanding of the Constitution. The chapter emphasizes that the philosophic approach does not involve judges or other interpreters doing moral and political philosophy without regard to the commitments of our constitutional order. But it does involve judges making philosophic choices in elaborating the meanings of our constitutional commitments. Some jurists and scholars have objected that judges simply are not capable of discharging this responsibility. In fact, the chapter shows that all the philosophic approach requires is that judges take responsibility for the kinds of philosophic choices that they have been making all along. It also defends the philosophic approach against charges that it is undemocratic, un-American, and dangerous. It shows how it does not exclude considerations of constitutional meaning associated with other approaches but in fact represents a fusion of several approaches.
The Mutual Relevance of Reputation and Personality
Authors: Craik Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChapter 7 explores the mutual relevance of reputation and personality, two important constructs that appear to address the same question: What kind of person is this individual? A primary claim of the network interpretation is that the reputation of a person resides within the social system. At the same time, constructs such as the self-concept, social selves, and tactics of reputation management can be formulated as reputation-relevant elements of the personality system. At the theoretical level, this chapter demonstrates that a generic model of reputational concepts can be accommodated within a variety of contemporary personality theories. This argument is illustrated by a review of the socioanalytic personality theory and the five-factor personality theory.
The Risks of Discourse About Other Persons
Authors: Craik Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChapter 8 mobilizes the network interpretation to analyze in detail a classic venue for taking action in defense of one’s reputation—the libel courts. A network interpretation is implicit in key elements of the rationale and structure of common-law actions for defamation. Anywhere throughout the members and linkages of one’s reputational network, an assertion potentially damaging to reputation can enter and circulate narrowly or broadly and in ways difficult to predict or track. Psychological research indicates that attributions of disreputable acts appear to be much more difficult to disconfirm than attributions of virtuous and socially desirable acts, thereby presenting a challenge for rehabilitating the reputation of vindicated plaintiffs. This chapter reviews the changing and expanding concepts of reputation within the common-law tradition of libel from the fifteenth century to the contemporary era of Internet defamation.
Posthumous Reputational Networks
Authors: Craik Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe theoretical framework advanced in this book generates not just one but three reputational networks for each person: the lifetime, transitional, and posthumous reputational networks. Following the death of a notable person, a transition period occurs during which a chorus of survivors and keepers of the flame within the person’s lifetime reputational network coexist with an emerging network of writers and scholars who may never have met the biographical figure but begin to investigate, write about, and discuss the person’s lifelong conduct. Over several decades, the lifetime reputational network fades away, bowing out to a sometimes large and lively posthumous reputational network. In the case of major cultural figures, such as George Washington, the posthumous reputational network is even more extensive, encompassing most citizens of a nation and extending into posterity.
Conclusion
Authors: Craik Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the array of major conceptual distinctions generated by a network interpretation of reputation. They include small village versus small world, reputational information flow versus storage, discursive versus distributive facets of reputation, reputational parameters versus content claims, reputational accuracy versus validity, reputational networks within personality versus social systems, and lifetime versus transitional versus posthumous reputational networks. Three areas of unfinished business are identified: character and reputation, rumor and reputation, and corporate reputation. The network interpretation provides a comprehensive model for linking the most disparate issues raised by the phenomenon of reputation and demonstrates the potential for a productive and wide-ranging program of interdisciplinary research.
Becoming Hebrew
Authors: Saposnik Arieh B. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Becoming Hebrew is a study of the ways in which a Zionist national culture was generated in the Jewish Yishuv (prestate community) of Palestine between 1900 and 1914. The book addresses three principal lacunae in the study of Zionist culture to date. The first of these is chronological. Much of the literature to date has assumed that a distinctive Zionist national culture began to appear in Palestine during the interwar period, whereas Becoming Hebrew argues that its formative period in fact predates the war. Out of this chronological claim emerge the two additional, more conceptually and theoretically substantive, correctives. In the first instance, the book shows that the relationship between the Zionist cultural undertaking and traditional Jewish culture is far more complicated and nuanced than has often been recognized. Joining a new and important historiographical trend, the book suggests further that the Zionist case sheds important light on nationalism generally, which itself emerges in a more complex and dialectical relationship with the religious cultures and traditional societies out of which it grows than has often been acknowledged in much of the now classical literature. Finally, in its conceptualization of “culture” as created in Zionist Palestine, the book synthesizes a literary‐like study of imageries and discourses and a more anthropological examination of observable cultural practices and tangible, public social processes to produce a history of culture as a broad interweaving of many aspects of human life.
“The Jew Has Died and the Hebrew Has Been Born”
Authors: Saposnik Arieh Bruce 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
As the Yishuv grew demographically, the distinctive national culture that emerged necessitated a renegotiation of national centers and peripheries. Zionism's geographical rearrangement of Jewish life entailed a demand for cultural realignment and a renegotiation of the relationship between the new Zionist culture and the traditions associated with Jewish centers of the Diaspora. This process was punctuated by polemical outbursts, as in the “Brenner affair” and the storms surrounding the Herzlia Gymnasium, in particular its incorporation of biblical criticism in its teaching. In 1910* a speaker at a national celebration in Jerusalem declared that “the Jew has died, the Hebrew has been born,” while a writer abroad proclaimed the emergence of a “new Israel” in Palestine. A “literary mania,” as Menahem Ussishkin called it, and the crystallization of a celebratory style and educational agendas were among the key manifestations of that new national entity.
5 The School of Maqâsid: The Higher Objectives of Law
Authors: Ramadan Tariq 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the school of higher objectives of law (madrasat al-maqâsid) established by Abû Ishâq ash-Shâtibî. It is shown that ash-Shâtibî's methodology reconciles scholars with the original confidence shared by the Prophet's Companions, the people of Medina, and Mâlik himself, because they moved more freely between the meaning of texts and their own excellent and intimate knowledge of their human context. More broadly, and more essentially, it sheds renewed (mujaddid) light on the Prophetic tradition (hadîth) that states: “God has set some limits, so one must not transgress them; He has commanded some commands, so one must not ignore them; He has made some things unlawful, so one must not commit them. He has also kept silent (sakata) about some matters as a mercy, not because He has forgotten them, so one should not ask about them”.