bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Development During Infancy
Authors: Wallgren Arvid 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe normal variation in the mental and postural development of the child has been studied in a number of healthy children from the child health center of the Gothenburg Children's Hospital. Statistically calculated, there is a great difference in the normal variations of different functions. Early achievements such as prehension and sitting without support show very slight variations. More advanced functions, e.g. walking capacity and excretory control, are much more individually variable. A simple diagram of functional development during infancy intended for general use in the Swedish children's welfare centers is presented.RésuméEtude a été faite des variations normales du développement mental et des attitudes de l'enfant chez un certain nombre d'enfants bien portants observés à la consultation de 1'enfant à 1'Hôpital pédiatrique de Gothembourg. L'expression statistique des faits a montré une grande différence dans les variations normales des différentes fonctions. Les premiers stades du développement psychomoteur, tels que la préhension et la station assise sans soutien ne montrent que de légères variations. Les fonctions plus avancées, telles que la faculté de marcher et le contrôle de l'excrétion varient d'me façon très individuelle. Un diagramme simple du développement fonctionnel durant la première enfance, établi à l'intention d'un usage courant dans les dispensaires d'enfants suédois, nous est présenté.ZusammenfassungBei einer Anzahl der Kinder der Mütterberatungsstelle des Gotenburgischen Kinderkrankenhauses wurden die Variationen in der normalen geistigen Entwicklung untersucht. Die Statistik zeigte grosse Schwankungen. Je einfacher die Funktionen sind, wie Greifen und Sitzen, desto kleiner sind die Schwankungen, aber um so grösser bei den komplizierteren Funktionen wie z. B. Gehrersuche und selbständige Regulierung der Exkretionsvorgänge. Ein einfaches Diagramm der funktionellen Entwicklung während der Säuglingszeit zum Allgemeingebrauch in der schwedischen Kinderfürsorge ist beigefügt.SumarioSe ha efectuado el estudio de las variaciones normales en el desarrollo mental y postural del niño en buenas condiciones de salud, en una serie de niños del centro de Salud del hospital de Infantes de Göteborg. Los calculos estadisticos dan una gran diferencia en las variaciones normales de las distintas funcionea. Las adquisiciones precoces como la prehensión, y el mantenerse sentado, muestran muy pequefias variaciones. En cambio las funciones que son adquiridas mas tardíamente como ser la marcha y el control de los esfienteres, son mas variables individualmente. A continuación se propone un diagrama sobre el desarrollo funcional del niño para uso general de los centros de salud del niño en Suecia.
β‐Hemolytic Streptococci in the Disease Groups Eczema Infantum‐Prurigo
Authors: HELVE ANJA , OKER‐BLOM NILS , PÄTIÄLÄ RISTO 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA great number of hemolytic streptococci were found in the wards in which eczematous children were nursed in the Children's Clinic. Nose, throat and skin swabs obtained from such children of varying ages yielded numerous streptococci. The AST of these children was usually low and so were the sugar tolerance values at the manifest stage of the disease.RésuméOn a trouvé dans les chambres de la Clinique d'enfants où des enfants eczémateux ont été traités un grand nombre de streptocoques hémolytiques. Le nez, la gorge et les particules de peau obtenues de ces enfants, d'âges différents, renfermaient une grande quantité de streptocoques. L'AST de ces enfants était généralement bas ainsi que les valeurs de tolérance de sucre au stade manifeste de la maladie.ZusammenfassungIn der Abteilung für ekzematöse Kinder der Kinderklinik wurden hämolytische Streptokokken in grosser Menge gefunden. Abstriche von Nase, Eachen und Haut solcher Kinder verschiedenen Alters ergaben zahlreiche Streptokokken. Der AST dieser Kinder war allgemein niedrig und ebenso die Werte der Zuckertoleranz im manifesten Stadium der Krankheit.ResumenEn las habitaciones de la Clínica de Niños, donde los niños eczemosos han sido tratados, se ha encontrado un gran número de estreptococos hemolíticos. La nariz, la garganta y las particulas de la piel obtenidas de estos niños, de edades diferentes, contenían una gran cantidad de estreptococos. El AST de estos niños era generalmente bajo, así como los valores de toleraneia de azúcar, al estadio manifiesto de la enfermedad.
Acute Quinidine Poisoning in a 3 Year Old Child (With special reference to the electrocardiographs changes)
Authors: WARFVINGE L. E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA study of the electrocardiographic changes presented by a 3 year old boy after having taken at least 1.6 gram of quinidine sulfate. Characteristic increase of P and QRS time and impairment of AV conduction and intraventricular conduction. Control after 18 hours demonstrated a normal ecg.
Discussion on Electroencephalographic Observations in Subacute Progressive Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: D'AVIGNON M. , HUSBY J. , WIDÉN L. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo cases of subacute progressive encephalitis are described. One patient died 11 months after the onset of the illness. The other is still alive after 33 months of illness. Both inoculation experiments on animals and attempts to cnltnre the virus gave negative results. I n Ciase 1, study of the brain showed sparse inflanimatory changes, chiefly in the central ganglia, sparse ganglion cell degeneration, diffuse demyelination in the fibres of the optic radiation, and intranuclear inclusion bodies in the cortex of the occipital lobe and the nuclei of the pons. Both cases exhibited the typical EEG changes. The specificity of these EEG changes is discussed.
A Characteristic Physiognomy, Resembling that Encountered in (Hushing's Syndrome, Observed in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: ÅKERRÉN Y. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe author describes a characteristic habitus in newborn infants of diabetic mothers.1 The physiognomy is particularly striking and merits the designation tomato face, thus resembling that encountered in Cushing's syndrome. A tabulation of data from the literature, particularly Hultquist's investigations, shows that changes in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis and in the suprarenal glands, resembling those observed in Cushing's syndrome, occur in foetuses of experimental animals with diabetes and in infants of diabetic mothers. The observation is thus evidence of the conception that endocrine disturbances are of decisive significance for the development of those special features which characterize newborn infants of diabetic mothers.
Lack of Proteins in Child Nutrition
Authors: FRONTALI G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe author presents a concise picture of the research conducted by himself and his co‐workers in the last 9 years about the lack of complete proteins in early childhood.In the complex symptoniatology of the disease, which has resemblances in different (tropical and sub‐tropical) parts of the world and which is designated by different names such as “starchy food dystrophy” and “kwashiorkor”, the author has separated, through a nicthod of clinical analysis, the additional avitaminotic manifestations which can be eliminated by addition of the respective vitamins, thus delimiting a central syndrome, which disappears only after administration of animal proteins.Research into proteinaemia, albumin/globulin ratio, ionogram, extracellular fluid, tryptic, amylo‐ and lipolytic power in the duodenal fluid complete the picture of the lack of proteins (“hypoproteinosis”) as it is shown by Italian children.The lack of certain amino acids and their therapeutic effect as well as the possibility of combining different vegetable proteins together in order to obtain complete mixtures of amino acids at low cost for the social prophylaxis of “hypoproteinosis” are discussed.From the therapeutic point of view the author presents his experience about urgent treatment and realimentation, about plasma transfusion and administration of animal protein hydrolysates, as well as of preparations of soluble caseinate.
Mental and Physical Disturbances in Children Recovered from Infantile Interstitial Plasma Cell Pneumonia
Authors: HALLMAN NIILO , YLPPÖ ARVO 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe development has been observed of the first years of life of 47 interstitial plasma cell pneumonia infants born in 1948‐52. A reply was received to the questionnaire sent out in 42 of the cases and a follow‐up examination was made at the hospital in 31. Two of the children died.In quite a number of cases the development of the child has been slow even compared with other children of the same birth—weight class. At the time of the investigation 9 of the children were distinctly backward and 5 slightly backward. It proved possible to examine the former group clinically. The growth of the children has been slow. The bone age is almost regularly behind that of children of the same age, but the correlation with height approximates the normal.For 25 cases of the material the plasma calcium was determined during the acute phase of int. pneum. and had clearly risen in 20. Of the distinctly backward children the majority belong to the group with the highest calcium values. However,. some of the children with equally high plasma calcium values developed fully satisfactorily. In four children who are all distinctly backward both the plasma calcium and residual nitrogen continue to be high. The bone age in these children is exceedingly low though corresponding approximately to the growth in height.In three of the children osteosclerotic changes can be established in the bones. All four children squint. They are all around 3 years of age and have begun to progress, especially recently.
Fortschritte in der Behandlung der tuberkulösen Meningitis
Authors: KLEINSCHMIDT H. , SANTELMANN TH. 
Published: January 2008

ZusammenfassungEine Übersicht über die Behandlung der tuberkulosen Meningitis mit Tuberculostaticis zeigt, dass ini Laufe weniger Jahre wesentliche Fortschritte erzielt worden sind. Zur vergleichenden Beurteilung der Ergebnisse ist die Kenntnis des Lebensalters und des Behandlungsbeginnes von Bedeuhng. Eswerden 4 Behandlungsformen unterschieden: 1. Streptomycin allein, 3. in Verbindung niit anderen tuberculostatischen Mitteln, 3. intralumbale Behandlung mit Streptomycin, Solvoteben und PAS aus der Mischspritze, 4. Streptomycin mit INH. Die letzte Behandlungsform ist als aussichtsreichste zu bezeiehnen; sie ist zugleich die einfaehste und schonendste, weil sie eine Abkiirzung der intralunibalen Behandlung erlaubt. Sie sollte moglichst fruhzeitig in zentralen Behandlungsst iitten durchgefiihrt werden. Expositions‐prophylaxe und BCG‐Impfung bleiben trotz der bisher erzielten therapeutischen Erfolge dringlich.
Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas in Patients Over Ten Years of Age
Authors: MCINTOSH RUSTIN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA study of 27 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas who lived to be more than 10 years of age presents a wide range of clinicd states. Four of these children on whom observations were made after they had reached the age of 10 years have died at various ages up to nearly 20 years, all with the picture of progressive purulent bronchopneumonia. One of the fatal cases, coming to autopsy after a life span of 13½ years, showed cardiac changes consistent with cor pulmonale.Among the 23 living patients all have cough and clubbing of the fingers as continuing evidence of broncho‐pulmonary infection. The healthiest show no other signs of impaired respiratory function, either by roentgenogram or following a work tolerance test; likewise, some of these healthier patients have attained a body weight and height which do not differ significantly from mean values for the appropriate age and sex. For the group as a whole, however, a trend toward significant retardation of growth in height and of gain in weight is evident, the degree of retardation being roughly correlated with the severity of the pulmonary infection. Pubertal changes may be delayed. A number of the most seriously involved patients are in effect respiratory invalids, having a markedly reduced exercise tolerance. Regardless of the severity of their somatic functional status, however, almost all of them sustain a cheerful outlook for the future and build ambitious plans in the manner of all normal children.Although their nutritional state depends primarily on the severity and activity of their broncho‐pulmonary infection, as a group these children respond fairly uniformly to changes in diet. Almost without exception they prefer to avoid fat foods, having learned that ingestion of appreciable quantities of fat is followed by abdominal pain or by a change for the worse in the number and character of their stools. Many, having taken pancreatin for several years, now appear to do equally well without it.It would appear that adequate compensation for lost pancreatic digestive function in cystic fibrosis is quite readily attainable, but that the bronchopulmonary infection, once entrenched, is difficult to eradicate. Perhaps the best hope for the future lies in early recognition of the pancreatic lesion and in the institution of an effective prophylaxis of the infection.
Care of the Premature Infant: A Résumé of a Study on Social Organization and Function of Nursing Services in a Premature Infant Center
Authors: PLATOU R. V. , ROHRER JOHN H. , ALLEN ELAINE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThis inventory or evaluation of social organization, attitudes and relationships of personnel and current work distribution has been, and we hope will be, helpful in our continuing efforts to iniprove our programs of caring for premature infants and of training others in this work. Most of the faults brought to light by this study are probably not unique in our unit, and practically all of them are correctible.Necessarily greater dependence on aids—nonprofessional persons trained on the job—has evolved as a reasonable, practical, and effectiae solution to current and increasing shortages of professional nursing staff. Closer integration of care and training programs will almost certainly require expansion of learning experiences and responsibilities for aids, with more and more of the time and talents of a carefully selected but relatively small staff of professional nurses devoted to supervision and training efforts. Experienced nonprofessional care personnel deserve and should have increased formal recognition as an important step toward further success in both care and training programs. Also important are a number of changes aimed a t integrating more closely these two major objectives and a t correcting as best we can those causes for conflicts, anxieties, and frustrations revealed by this study.Whatever successes we have enjoyed in our care prograni have been achieved despite serious and continuing shortages of personnel in all categories. A consequently huge care‐burden of itself has quite apparently and logically forced experienced nurses and aids to impress on d l newer workers very forcibly and quite effectively the concept of “deuotion to care duty” as the most important value guiding all activities in this Unit. This concept in turn seems to deniand further opportunity for informally supervised crib—side learning experiences even under the pressures of a caseload such as ours, if we are to attain greater successes.From these facts and generalizations, several hypotheses seem justified and are probably widely applicable:(1) When joint goals of care and training exist in a hospital unit, niajor emphasis will probably always be given to the former.(2) The ability to assume responsibility for performance of any procedure will vary directly with understanding, skill, and experience in that procedure.(3) Real or perceived ambiguities in responsibilities or authorities will interface with accomplishment of goals.(4) Exposure and correction of psychologic or social bases for conflict within any programs can do much to further the successes of such programs.(5) Finally, standards and recommendations will probably always require major modification on the basis of purely local considerations.
Granulocytopenie nach Mononucleosis infectiosa bei einem 4jährigen Jungen
Authors: SALMI TOIVO , PELTONEN TUOMAS 
Published: January 2008

ZusammenfassungBericht iiber einen Fall von Mononucleosis infectiosa, als dessen Folge eine chronische Granulocytopenie bestehen blieb (Beobaehtungszeit 1 ½ Jahre). Pat. dadurch anfallig gegen verschiedene Infektionen. Blutübertragungen ohne Einfluss auf die Granulocytopenie. Dagegen vorübergehende Besserung durch Tonsillektomie, ACTH und Cortison. Auch die bakteriellen Infektionen haben die Granulocyten vorubergehend vermehrt, Röteln haben sie im Endergebnis vermindert. Zu Anfang der Krankheit etwas niedrige Thrombocytenwerte. Blutungs‐ und Blutgerinnungsstatus stets normal geblieben. Ständig leichte, normochromische Anämie.
The Organization and Functions of a Clinic for Juvenile Diabetes
Authors: LARSSON YNGVE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn view of the poor long‐term results of juvenile diabetes mellitus, a more intensive metabolic control is considered the therapeutic alternative which should be given serious long‐term trial. The consequences of this opinion as regards the organization of the diabetes clinic are described. The need of the subspecialities represented in the pediatric university clinic is emphasized. The role of the dietitian and principles of dietary treatment are outlined. Teaching of the patients is regarded as one of the main therapeutic tools, and methods used are described. Patients with juvenile diabetes should remain under pediatric supervision until they have reached full maturity.
On the Interaction between Protein and Glucose in Human Blood
Authors: RÄIHÄ NIELS C. R. , SOMERSALO O. , NORDSTRÖM C.‐G. , RÄIHÄ C.‐E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn interchange between albumin‐bound hexose and free glucose in human plasma has been demonstrated. If there is a protein‐bound hexose in the red cells, it may interfere with the distribution of glucose between the cells and plasma.
Studies on Special Disturbances within the Reading and Writing Function in Children (“Dyslexia”“Word‐Blindness”): II. Contribution to the Question of Origin
Authors: SÖDERLING BERTIL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA pupil, otherwise capable of learning, who is unable to learn to read and/or spell during the first three years of school is dyslectic and accordingly handicapped. He should be treated as a dyslectic. If this pupil is given special instruction as early as possible, which is highly desirable for reasons stated above, this instruction should not presuppose a 100% recovery. That would bring about an excess demand noticeable in the attitude towards the pupil–patient. If, in the highest classes or higher schools the child is still disturbed by special reading or writing difficulties we must reckon with a definite handicap.As scientific prognostic study we should with regard to the improved or “healed” case try to determine what happens spontaneously through coordinational maturity and what can be ascribed to the special pedagogic help. Until we know something about this we are unable to estimate the effectiveness of the special reading and writing tuition.
Extracardiac Congenital Malformations in Children with Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: BOESEN I. , MELCHIOR J. C. , TERSLEV E. , VENDEL S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe incidence of congenital extracardiac malformations in a series of 615 children with congenital heart diseases is found to be 11.4%, and in a series of autopsies of 1145 children with congenital heart diseases to be 13.4 %, in both materials excluding the diagnosis of mongolism as a malformation per se.No definite correlation has been found between a specific congenital heart disease and extracardiac malformations, yet atrial septal defects seem to be found more often than expected combined with harelip and cleft palate and ventricular septal defects with malformations of bones and joints and of lungs.
Medical Treatment of Habitual Vomiting
Authors: RAFSTEDT STURE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFourteen cases of habitual vomiting have been treated with alimemazin, given as a syrup, containing 0.5 mg/ml. In 12 cases good results were obtained, the patients having a good weight gain and no or only a few vomitings a day. Even if the disease in most cases is harmless and the vomitings often cease spontaneously after a few months duration, usually when the child is about one year old, the favourable effect of alimemazin is of great value not only for the small patients themselves but certainly also for their mothers in handling their babies during the distressing and tiresome period of habitual vomiting. No side‐effects of alimemazin were reported.
Membranous Stomatitis in Sweden 1956–1961
Authors: SELANDER PER 
Published: January 2008

SummaryMembranous stomatitis was first known in Sweden in April 1957. Since then 191 cases have been reported, but the actual number of cases is certainly considerably greater. The disease culminated in 1959 with 78 cases. In Malmo alone during the years 1957–1961 94 cases are known. The disease has been reported least frequently during the winter months. It affects both sexes equally often. Possibly it affects premature infants somewhat more often than full‐term ones. Of the affected children 75 % are in the first 3 weeks of life. The youngest was 2 days, the oldest 2 years.
Some Reflections on Juvenile Diabetes and Its Treatment
Authors: SÖDERLING BERTIL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryCurrent research on juvenile diabetes mellitus may better indicate the very early origin of angiopathy, formerly considered to be “late complication”. Electron microscopic studies seem to reveal typical alterations of cell membranes even in cases, which are prediabetic. It may be considered that these “membranoses” and diabetes are separate signs of the same basic disease, which no treatment has yet been able to reach or even cause. Thus, the author recommends a more realistic approach to current clinical treatment, which should be concentrated on making the patients present handicap as small as possible. In this regard, satisfactory well‐being, which includes several criteria, is often more important than laboratory figures. Some less well‐known sources of errors are discussed. The difficulty in keeping teenagers under good control is mentioned. Concerning the presence of inactive insulin, the author points out that unexplained insulin hypersensitivity is seen in many early cases of diabetes.
26. Premature Infants Treated with Human Albumin
Authors: CYVIN K. B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTotal serum protein content was determined in the cord blood of 79 premature infants. There was a tendecy for the serum protein values to rise with the birth weight and gestational age. Boys had, on average, lower serum protein values than girls. 31 infants with serum protein content less than 5 g/100 ml were treated with albumin solution, 2 g per kg of body weight intravenously, on the first day of life. 27 infants, serving as controls, were not treated with albumin. The two groups showed the same frequency of “respiratory distress”. One infant died in connection with the administration of albumin.
Diphtheria Antitoxin Levels and the Schick Reaction in Mothers and their Newborns
Authors: PAPADATOS C. , PAPAEVANGELOU G. , KOUKOU A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryOne hundred and sixty one mothers and their newborns were tested for their Schick state. In 18 cases diphtheria antitoxin levels were determined in maternal and cord blood.A Schick positive reaction was found in 3.1 % of mothers. All newborns were Schick negative.A good correlation was noted between maternal and cord blood antitoxin levels, as well as between the Schick state and the antitoxin titer in the mother. The discrepancy between antitoxin titer and the Schick reaction in the newborn is discussed.