bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spannungsermittlung punktgelagerter Verglasungen unter Beanspruchung in Scheibenebene
Authors: Maniatis Iris 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Vorgehensweise zur Spannungsermittlung punktgelagerter Verglasungen unter Beanspruchung in Scheibenebene vorgestellt. Zur genauen Erfassung und rechnerischen Abbildung der auftretenden Spannungen sind Kenntnisse über die Kontaktmechanismen und über die Parameter, die Einfluß auf die Spannungsverteilung haben, nötig. Aufgrund der komplexen Ermittlung der Spannungsverteilung im Bohrungsbereich wird die Tragsicherheit bisher meist durch Bauteilversuche nachgewiesen. Eine Alternative stellt die rechnerische Ermittlung mittels der Methode der Finiten Elemente (FEM) dar. Hierzu bedarf es allerdings entsprechender Programmverifizierungen. Mit Hilfe einer analytischen Lösung wird eine Vorgehensweise zur Verifizierung des Finite‐Elemente‐Modells aufgezeigt. Darüber hinaus werden mit dem verifizierten FE‐Modell verschiedene Parameter und deren Einfluß auf die Spannungsverteilung am Bohrloch untersucht.
Aktueller Stand der Regelungen für die Bemessung von tragenden Bauteilen aus Glas
Authors: Siebert Geralt 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIm aktuellen Baugeschehen haben tragende Bauteile aus Glas einen festen Platz eingenommen. Für einen Nachweis der Verwendbarkeit solcher Bauteile sind einerseits die baurechtlichen Randbedingungen und Hintergründe zu berücksichtigen. Andererseits ist das Wissen der aktuellen und zukünftigen Bemessungsregeln unverzichtbar. In diesem Beitrag wird – auch als Fortsetzung zu [1] – kurz auf die aktuell eingeführten sowie kürzlich im Entwurf veröffentlichten neuen nationalen Regelungen eingegangen. Ein Vergleich zeigt, daß durch die Umstellung auf das Konzept der Teil sicherheitsbeiwerte gleichzeitig noch vorhandene Tragreserven nutzbar gemacht werden konnten.
Chronic treatment with Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol alters the structure of neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell and medial prefrontal cortex of rats
Authors: Kolb Bryan , Gorny Grazyna , Limebeer Cheryl L. , Parker Linda A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe potential of repeated exposure to Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) to produce long‐lasting changes in synaptic connections in a manner similar to other drugs of abuse was evaluated in Sprague‐Dawley rats. For 12 days, rats received two i.p. injections per day (8 h apart) of vehicle, a low dose of Δ9‐THC (0.5 mg/kg), or escalating doses of Δ9‐THC (0.5–4.0 mg/kg). Thirty days later, they were evaluated for sensitized locomotor activity (during the night cycle) for 60 min on each of three trials. Using a within‐groups design, rats were tested following an injection of vehicle, 0.5 mg/kg Δ9‐THC or 2.0 mg/kg Δ9‐THC. The rats showed no evidence of sensitized locomotor activity in any group. Twenty‐four hours after the final sensitization test, their brains were removed and then processed for Golgi‐Cox staining. Prior exposure to Δ9‐THC (both the low dose and the escalating doses) increased the length of the dendrites as well as the number of dendritic branches in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and in the medial prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus, striatum, orbital frontal cortex, parietal cortex, or occipital cortex. These results are similar to those evident in brains of rats sensitized to amphetamine, and support previous findings that cannabinoids promote DA activity in the mesolimbic DA system. Synapse 60:429–436, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and Electronic Characterization of Eu2LiSi3, Eu2LiGe3 and EuxSr2−xLiGe3 Mixed Crystals
Authors: Xie Qinxing , Nesper Reinhard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe new rare earth metal Zintl phases Eu2LiSi3, Eu2LiGe3 and the solid solution EuxSr4−xLi2Ge6 have been synthezised by solid state inert gas techniques and their crystal structures been determined from single crystals. Eu2LiSi3 crystallizes in an own structure type which has close relations to the ThSi2 type with lithium being situated on silicon vacancies. This generates a new kind of planar Zintl anion which has an all trans linear chain backbone and terminal Si side groups at half of the silicon atoms of the chain. Eu2LiGe3 forms the α−Ca2LiSi3 structure with an unbranched planar polymeric Zintl anion which has a cis‐trans conformation of the kind (tttctc)n. Both of the polyanions [Si3]5− and [Ge3]5−, respectively are unsaturated with an underoccupied π* system leaving one residual π bond per three Tt atoms (Tt = Si, Ge). Features of the crystal and of the electronic structures are being analysed based on geometrical and on band structure considerations. DOS, partial DOS, Mulliken overlap populations and calculations of the electron localization function (ELF) based on Extended Hückel and on LMTO calculations confirm the bonding structure and reveal preferred localizations of the π bonds.
Cesarean section by choice: Constructing a reproductive rights framework for the debate
Authors: Christilaw Jan E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe question of cesarean section by choice (that is, cesarean delivery in the absence of medical indications) has been hotly debated by the obstetrical profession in recent years. The debate has focused around questions of risks and benefits, and has revolved around questions of obstetrical practice. In this paper, the question will be framed in a reproductive rights context. How does the phenomenon of CSBC (cesarean section by choice) impact women's empowerment? Which reproductive rights might be affected by this question, and what policies are related to its use? FIGO's 1998 statement “Ethical Aspects regarding Cesarean Delivery for Non‐Medical Reasons” is revisited, and, in light of these considerations, its contents are endorsed once again.
Is undergraduate otorhinolaryngology teaching relevant to junior doctors working in accident and emergency departments?
Authors: Sharma A , Machen K , Clarke B , Howard D 
Published: August 2006

Undergraduate ENT teaching provides junior doctors with skills and knowledge useful for the practice of medicine. However, ENT has been removed from the curriculum of nine of the 29 medical schools in the United Kingdom, as it was not deemed relevant to general medical practice. A telephone survey was performed of 20 senior house officers working in accident and emergency (A&E) departments across the United Kingdom. The results showed that 90 per cent felt their undergraduate ENT teaching was directly beneficial to working in A&E, 75 per cent felt they had not received enough undergraduate ENT teaching and 45 per cent currently received no postgraduate teaching whilst working in A&E.These results illustrate the importance of ENT teaching in the undergraduate curriculum and its value to practising doctors. They highlight the fact that prospective studies are required to examine the effect on junior doctors of changing the curriculum.
The structure of common DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorders in the Australian general population
Authors: SLADE TIM , WATSON DAVID 
Published: August 2006

Background. Patterns of co-occurrence among the common mental disorders may provide information about underlying dimensions of psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to determine which of four models best fits the pattern of co-occurrence between 10 common DSM-IV and 11 common ICD-10 mental disorders.Method. Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHWB), a large-scale community epidemiological survey of mental disorders. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorder diagnoses were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), version 2.0. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the relative fit of competing models.Results. A hierarchical three-factor variation of a two-factor model demonstrated the best fit to the correlations among the mental disorders. This model included a distress factor with high loadings on major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neurasthenia (ICD-10 only); a fear factor with high loadings on social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD); and an externalizing factor with high loadings on alcohol and drug dependence. The distress and fear factors were best conceptualized as subfactors of a higher order internalizing factor.Conclusions. A greater focus on underlying dimensions of distress, fear and externalization is warranted.
READING LINCOLN'S MIND
Authors: FOX RICHARD WIGHTMAN 
Published: August 2006

Allen C. Guelzo, Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1999)William Lee Miller, Lincoln's Virtues: An Ethical Biography (New York: Knopf, 2002)Stewart Winger, Lincoln, Religion, and Romantic Cultural Politics (Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003)Since Good Friday 1865 most Americans have adored their sixteenth president. They venerate him because he so vividly embodies their two most cherished cultural stories—the poor farmer's boy risen to the top, the preacher of charity martyred for his people—while so strikingly surpassing even those mythic achievements. For the masses Lincoln lives on as the visionary emancipator, forgiving warrior, self-taught wordsmith, contemplative sage, and (most miraculous oxymoron of all) honest politician. For intellectuals Lincoln commands allegiance for his reasoned argument, his practical political judgment, his commitment to the principles underlying republican communities, and his tradition-rich eloquence (Shakespeare and the King James Version vying for prominence in his speech with authentic backwoods witticisms). How strange, then, that until Allen Guelzo's Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President appeared in 1999 no historian had written his intellectual biography. Many important studies of Lincoln's thought have been produced, going back to Harry V. Jaffa's 1959 classic Crisis of the House Divided: An Interpretation of the Issues of the Lincoln–Douglas Debates (Guelzo calls it (p. 469) “incontestably the greatest Lincoln book of the [twentieth] century”) and beyond that to William E. Barton's now forgotten The Soul of Abraham Lincoln (1920), a trenchant study of Lincoln's religious thinking. But Guelzo is the first to produce an intellectually disposed life of Lincoln, one that follows the lead of Daniel Walker Howe (most recently expounded in Making the American Self: Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln, 1997) by putting Lincoln's “Whig culture” and his distinctive theological musings at the heart of his personal and political story.
BUSINESS AND SOLITUDE
Authors: SKLANSKY JEFFREY 
Published: August 2006

Thomas Augst, The Clerk's Tale: Young Men and Moral Life in Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003)Scott A. Sandage, Born Losers: A History of Failure in America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005)The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, as the historian William Leach has written, is a fairy tale about faith and capitalism in modern America. First published in 1900, L. Frank Baum's long-loved work tells the story of two ordinary Midwesterners in a country where wishes come true: a farm girl named Dorothy and a phoney wizard whose only real power turns out to be that of “making believe.” By pretending to bestow brains, heart, and courage upon Dorothy's fellow pilgrims, the “great humbug” turns their faith in him into faith in themselves, in the untapped powers they have held all along. “All you need is confidence in yourself,” he says, and his gift makes them rulers in their own lands much as he rules over his. Viewed as a spiritual quest, Dorothy's odyssey is about living in a world with no higher power than oneself. But like Norman Vincent Peale's later bestseller, Baum's sunny story joins the “power of positive thinking” to the Emerald City; the yellow-brick road is also the road to riches, to wondrous works as well as self-fulfilling faith. Like the alternative Americas depicted in Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and more than a hundred other utopian novels of the late 1880s and 1890s, Oz is a promised land where faith supplants politics, less a commonwealth than a common dream.
Structural dissection of the reaction mechanism of cellobiose phosphorylase
Authors: Hidaka Masafumi , Kitaoka Motomitsu , Hayashi Kiyoshi , Wakagi Takayoshi , Shoun Hirofumi , Fushinobu Shinya 
Published: August 2006

Cellobiose phosphorylase, a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 94, catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of cellobiose into α-D-glucose 1-phosphate and D-glucose with inversion of the anomeric configuration. The substrate specificity and reaction mechanism of cellobiose phosphorylase from Cellvibrio gilvus have been investigated in detail. We have determined the crystal structure of the glucose-sulphate and glucose-phosphate complexes of this enzyme at a maximal resolution of 2.0 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm). The phosphate ion is strongly held through several hydrogen bonds, and the configuration appears to be suitable for direct nucleophilic attack to an anomeric centre. Structural features around the sugar-donor and sugar-acceptor sites were consistent with the results of extensive kinetic studies. When we compared this structure with that of homologous chitobiose phosphorylase, we identified key residues for substrate discrimination between glucose and N-acetylglucosamine in both the sugar-donor and sugar-acceptor sites. We found that the active site pocket of cellobiose phosphorylase was covered by an additional loop, indicating that some conformational change is required upon substrate binding. Information on the three-dimensional structure of cellobiose phosphorylase will facilitate engineering of this enzyme, the application of which to practical oligosaccharide synthesis has already been established.
Nemo: an evolutionary and population genetics programming framework
Authors: Guillaume Frédéric , Rougemont Jacques 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Summary: Nemo is an individual-based, genetically explicit and stochastic population computer program for the simulation of population genetics and life-history trait evolution in a metapopulation context. It comes as both a C++ programming framework and an executable program file. Its object-oriented programming design gives it the flexibility and extensibility needed to implement a large variety of forward-time evolutionary models. It provides developers with abstract models allowing them to implement their own life-history traits and life-cycle events. Nemo offers a large panel of population models, from the Island model to lattice models with demographic or environmental stochasticity and a variety of already implemented traits (deleterious mutations, neutral markers and more), life-cycle events (mating, dispersal, aging, selection, etc.) and output operators for saving data and statistics. It runs on all major computer platforms including parallel computing environments.
Availability: The source code, binaries and documentation are available under the GNU General Public License at .
Contact: guillaum@zoology.ubc.ca
Fungal Speciation Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (QPCR) in Patients With and Without Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Murr Andrew H. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Vesper Stephen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The objectives of this study were to determine the mycology of the middle meatus using an endoscopically guided brush sampling technique and polymerase chain reaction laboratory processing of nasal mucous; to compare the mycology of the middle meatus in patients with sinus disease with subjects without sinus disease; to compare the responses on two standardized quality‐of‐life survey forms between patients with and without sinusitis; and to determine whether the presence of fungi in the middle meatus correlates with responses on these data sets.Study Design: The authors conducted a single‐blind, prospective, cross‐sectional study.Methods: Patients with sinus disease and a control group without sinus disease were enrolled in the study. A disease‐specific, validated Sinonasal Outcomes Test survey (SNOT‐20) was completed by the subjects and a generalized validated Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 Survey (SF‐36) was also completed. An endoscopically guided brush sampling of nasal mucous was obtained from the middle meatus. Fungal specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was performed on the obtained sample to identify one of 82 different species of fungus in the laboratory. Statistical analysis was used to categorize the recovered fungal DNA and to crossreference this information with the outcomes surveys.Results: The fungal recovery rate in the study was 45.9% in patients with sinus disease and 45.9% in control subjects. Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis had a mean SNOT‐20 score of 1.80 versus the control group mean score of 0.77 (P < .0001). SF‐36 data similarly showed a statistically significant difference between diseased and control populations with controls scoring a mean of 80.37 and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis scoring a mean of 69.35 for a P value of .02. However, no statistical significance could be ascribed to the presence or absence of fungi recovered, the type of fungi recovered, or the possible impact of fungi on the quality‐of‐life survey results.Conclusion: The recovery rate of fungi from the middle meatus of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and a control population without chronic rhinosinusitis is 45.9% using QPCR techniques. No direct causation with regard to fungal species or presence was proven; however, a species grouping for future studies is proposed based on trends in this data and other reports. Disease‐specific outcomes surveys revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Improved Infant Swallowing After Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treatment: A Function of Improved Laryngeal Sensation?
Authors: Suskind Dana L. , Thompson Dana M. , Gulati Martha , Huddleston Penny , Liu Donald C. , Baroody Fuad M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to describe improvements in pediatric swallowing after gastroesophageal reflux treatment.Study Design: The authors conducted a retrospective database and chart review at two tertiary care children's hospitals.Participants: Patients (21 males, 7 females) ranged in age from 1 to 32 months. All patients had clinical evidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as well as evidence of dysphagia with aspiration (laryngeal vestibule and/or trachea) or hypopharyngeal pooling on flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and sensation testing (FEESST) or videofluoroscopic swallow study (VSS).Intervention: Each child underwent either medical or surgical intervention for control of their GERD.Outcome Measures: Outcome measures were change in laryngopharyngeal sensation and swallowing function with repeat swallow evaluation after GERD treatment.Results: A significant improvement in both swallow function and sensory testing was demonstrated after GERD treatment.Conclusions: GERD may result in decreased laryngopharyngeal sensitivity, which may contribute to pediatric swallowing dysfunction. Control of GERD may improve swallow function. These findings have important clinical implications that need further study.
Two Temporal Bone Computed Tomography Measurements Increase Recognition of Malformations and Predict Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Purcell Derk D. , Fischbein Nancy J. , Patel Andrew , Johnson Jacob , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The objectives of this prospective study were to assess the reproducibility of the measurements of the cochlea and lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) and to determine if abnormal measurements predict sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).Methods: Two readers independently measured the cochlear height on coronal section and the LSCC bony island width on axial section on 109 temporal bone computed tomography scans; audiologic data on these patients were collected independently from medical records. Inter‐ and intrareader variability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) based on a random‐effects model. The positive and negative predictive values of abnormal measurement for hearing loss were determined.Results: There was excellent inter‐ and intraobserver agreement for both measurements (ICC >80%). The average cochlear height was 5.1 mm (normal range, 4.4–5.9 mm) and average LSCC bony island width was 3.7 mm (normal range, 2.6–4.8 mm). Review of the original radiology reports demonstrated that both cochlear hypoplasia and LSSC dysplasia were overlooked in >50% of patients with both abnormal measurements and SNHL. Cochlear hypoplasia (<4.4 mm) had a positive predictive value of 100% for SNHL, whereas cochlear hyperplasia and bony island dysplasia were less predictive.Conclusion: The measurements of coronal cochlear height and axial LSCC bony width have excellent reproducibility and identify bony labyrinth abnormalities missed by visual inspection alone. In addition, cochlear hypoplasia is highly predictive of SNHL. To reliably identify inner ear malformations, measurement of the cochlear height and LSCC bony island width, in addition to the vestibular aqueduct, should be routinely performed on all temporal bone studies.
Incidence, risk factors and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma: a single‐centre experience in 303 patients
Authors: Zervas Kostas , Verrou Evgenia , Teleioudis Zisis , Vahtsevanos Konstantinos , Banti Anastasia , Mihou Dimitra , Krikelis Dimitris , Terpos Evangelos 
Published: August 2006

SummaryThe incidence, characteristics and risk factors for the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) were evaluated among 303 myeloma patients. Only patients who received bisphosphonates developed ONJ (28/254; 11%). Zoledronic acid produced 9·5‐fold greater risk for developing ONJ than pamidronate alone (P = 0·042) and 4·5‐fold greater risk than subsequent use of pamidronate + zoledronic acid (P = 0·018). Use of thalidomide and number of bisphosphonate infusions also increased the risk for ONJ by 2·4‐fold (P = 0·043), and 4·9‐fold respectively (P = 0·012). ONJ developed earlier among patients receiving zoledronic acid. Our data indicates that administration of zoledronic acid for more than 2 years or in combination with thalidomide requires caution in myeloma.