bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new fused isoquinolines via reissert compounds
Authors: Fuchs Christian , Bender Christoph , Ziemer Burkhard , Liebscher Jürgen 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageReissert compounds 2 derived from isoquinoline, chloroformates and TMS‐cyanide were alkylated in position 1. The resulting alkylation products 3 as well as the precursors 2 reacted with Grignard reagents affording imidazoisoquinolines 4, 5, 7 and 8 by addition to the cyano group and Grignard reduction or by twofold addition to the cyano group, respectively. In both cases the alcohol of the 2‐alkoxycarbonyl moiety was eliminated by attack of the N‐atom at the carbonyl carbon atom. Under acid conditions, 1‐benzylated Reissert compound 3h cyclised by attack of the resulting N‐acyliminium C‐atom at the o‐position of the benzyl ring to form tetracyclic 1,3‐bridged tetrahydroisoquinolines 10 and 11. Bromocyclisation of 1‐allyl‐2‐menthyloxycarbonyl‐substituted Reissert compounds 3b, c led to tricyclic dibromo products 12, in which the menthol moiety was split off and addition to the enamine double bond occurred. A 2‐menthyloxycarbonyl group in Reissert compounds 2a and 3 failed to exert an asymmetric induction in all cases.
Preparation of new 2‐amino‐ and 2,3‐diamino‐pyridine trifluoroacetyl enamine derivatives and their application to the synthesis of trifluoromethyl‐containing 3H‐pyrido[2,3‐b][1,4] diazepinols
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Lourega Rogério V. , Righi Fernando J. , Deon Everton D. , Zanatta Nilo , Martins Marcos A. P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe synthesis of a novel series of the intermediates N2(N3)‐[1‐alkyl(aryl/heteroaryl)‐3‐oxo‐4,4,4‐trifluoroalk‐1‐en‐1‐yl]‐2‐aminopyridines [F3CC(O)CHCR1(2NHC5H3N)] and 2,3‐diaminopyridines [F3CC(O)CHCR1(2‐NH2‐3‐NHC5H3N)], where R1 = H, Me, C6H5, 4‐FC6H4, 4‐CIC6H4, 4‐BrC6H4, 4‐CH3C6H4, 4‐OCH3C6H4, 4,4′‐biphenyl, 1‐naphthyl, 2‐thienyl, 2‐furyl, is reported. The corresponding series of 2‐aryl(heteroaryl)‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐3H‐pyrido[2,3‐b][1,4]diazepin‐4‐ols obtained from intramolecular cyclization reaction of the respective trifluoroacetyl enamines or from the direct cyclocondensation reaction of 4‐methoxy‐1,1,1‐trifluoroalk‐3‐en‐2‐ones with 2,3‐diaminopyridine, under mild conditions, is also reported.
Enantioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions using chiral lanthanide catalysts
Authors: Gołȩbiewski W. Marek , Gucma Mirosław 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageRegio‐ and stereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to internal 2‐pentenols, α,β‐unsaturated esters and amides catalyzed by R‐(+) BINOL‐lanthanide complexes affords corresponding 3‐aryl‐2‐isoxazolines with enantioselectivities up to 89% ee.
An efficient synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyridines from 5‐aminopyrazoles and cyclic β‐keto ester
Authors: Toche Raghunath B. , Ghotekar Bhausaheb K. , Kendre Dhananjay B. , Kazi Muddassar A. , Jachak Madhukar N. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified image5‐Chloroethylpyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines were synthesized by condensation of 5‐aminopyrazoles with α‐acetyl γ‐butyrolactone followed by cyclization treating with phosphorous oxychloride. 5‐Chloroethyl‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines, thus obtained, were then converted to the corresponded tricyclic pyrazolo[3,4‐b]‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyridines by treating with some primary amines.
Synthesis, structures of some unsymmetrical 3,6‐disubstituted‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazines
Authors: Hu Wei‐Xiao , Xu Feng 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA series of new unsymmetrical 3‐phenyl‐6‐benzyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine derivatives 10a‐i were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, MS, and element analysis. The structures of 4a, 10c, 10d and 10h were analyzed by X‐ray crystallography, which had intermolecular C‐H‐N, C‐H‐Cl, C‐H‐II and II‐II interactions.
Synthesis and characterization of soluble tetra(2‐methoxyethoxy)metallophthalocyanines
Authors: Gao Junshan , Cong Fangdi , Du Xiguang , Duan Wenjuan , Li Jianxin 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFour soluble tetra(2‐methoxyethoxy)metallophthalocyanines 4a‐4d were, in two steps, synthesized from phthalonitrile 1 and 2‐methoxyethanol 2, and characterized by MS, 1H NMR, UV‐vis, IR and elemental analysis, as well as Cyclic voltammetry.
An efficient synthesis of 5‐benzoyloxazolines by regio‐ and stereo‐controlled reaction of N‐substituted 2‐benzoylaziridines under microwave irradiation
Authors: Samimi Heshmat A. , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Tabatabaeian Khalil 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageSeveral N‐acyl‐2‐benzoylaziridines were prepared conveniently in good to high yields (71‐93%) and used in the preparation of 5‐benzoyloxazolines (76‐91%) by a regio‐ and stereo‐controlled reaction in the presence of Nal as an efficient catalyst under microwave irradiation in short reaction times (5‐10 mins). The structure of the regioisomeric product was confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
Synthesis of some indole based spiro and condensed heterocycles as potential biologically active agents
Authors: Sharma R. L. , Kour Daljeet , Singh Jasbir , Kumar Surinder , Gupta Poonam , Gupta Shallu , Kour Bhavneet , Sachar Anand 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe reactions of isatin with cyclic ketones, viz camphor (dl, Mp 174–181°C, specific rotation −1.5° to +1.5°) available from s. d. fine‐ CHEM LTD and menthone (I, Bp 207°–210° C, density 0.893 g/mL) isolated from peppermint oil, in refluxing ethanol in the presence of t‐BuOK afforded the corresponding indolylidene compounds (3a) and (3b) (a mixture of stereochemical isomers E and Z in both the cases) respectively, all obtained as racemates. Cyclocondensation of (3a) and (3b) with thiourea, urea, ethylenediamine and o‐phenylenediamine afforded new spiro (4a,b‐7a,b) and condensed systems (4a',b'‐7a',b') respectively, whereas with 2‐aminopyridine spiro compounds exclusively were obtained (8a,8b). All the new spiro and condensed systems generated have been isolated as racemates and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.
β‐Oxoanilides in heterocyclic synthesis: An expeditious synthesis of new polyfunctionally substituted pyridine and pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Hussein A. M. , Harb A. A. , Mousa I. A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified image3‐Oxo‐N‐{4‐[(pyrimidin‐2‐ylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl}butanamide 3 was condensed with (DMF‐DMA) in refluxing dry dioxane to yield branched structure 4 not its linear isomeric 5. Compound 4 readily reacted with active methylene to yield compounds 8a‐c, 14, 17 and 20 respectively. Also enaminone 4 reacted with phenyl hydrazine giving 24 and 25. In contrast, when compound 4 reacted with hydrazine hydrate in the same experimental conditions pyrazole derivative 27 was obtained. Furthermore, condensation of anilide 3 with triethylorthoformate in refluxing acetic anhydride afforded the ethoxy methylene derivative 28. On the other hand, compound 28 was reacted with active methylene reagents, and hydrazines to afford the products identical in all respects (mp., mixed mp., and spectral data) with those corresponding to compounds 6‐27 respectively. Similarly, compound 3 was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford the reaction product 29. Also, compound 3 reacted with cyanoacetamide in refluxing ethanolic pipridine solution to yield the pyridine derivative 30. Finally, 3 reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in refluxing ethanol/sodium acetate solution to yield the acyclic oxime derivative 31.
A new convenient synthesis of 2,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a] quinazolin‐5(4H)‐ones
Authors: Shawali Ahmad S. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Shurrab Nabil Kh. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA novel series of 2,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]quinazolin‐5(4H)‐ones were prepared by Dimroth rearrangement of their respective isomers namely 1,4‐disubstituted‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]‐quinazolin‐5(4H)‐ones. The latter were prepared via new synthetic strategy based on 1,5‐elecrocyclization of the respective N‐(4‐oxo‐3‐phenylquinazolin‐2‐yl)nitrilimines.
Syntheses and fluorescence of salicylaldimine schiff base derivatives of 1,1′‐di(aminoethylaminocarbonylalkyl)‐2,2′‐biimidazole
Authors: Barnett William M. , Carr Peris J. , Counsil Joseph A. , Collier Harvest L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe amide‐amine, 1,1′‐di(aminoethylaminocarbonylethyl)‐2,2′‐biimidazole (DAEPB) (1), and subsequent Schiff base imine product, 1,1′‐di(salicylaldiminoethylaminocarbonylethyl)‐2,2′‐biimidazole (DSEB) (2a), have been synthesized from the ester, 1,1′‐di(ethoxycarbonylethyl)‐2,2′‐biimidazole (DEPB). Additionally, 1,1′‐di(salicylaldiminoethylaminocarbonylmethyl)‐2,2′‐biimidazole (DSMB) (2b), was prepared from its corresponding amide‐amine. All compounds were characterized with FTIR, NMR and elemental analyses. The salicylaldimines, compounds (2a) and (2b), exhibit fluorescence at 540 and 520 nm, respectively, over a broad range of excitation wavelengths.
Efficient synthesis of 6‐aryl‐2‐chloronicotinic acids via pd catalyzed regioselective suzuki coupling of 2,6‐dichloronicotinic acid
Authors: Ma Mingliang , Li Chengwei , Li Xiaoyan , Wen Ke , Liu Yahu A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA regioselective Suzuki coupling of 2,6‐dichloronicotinic acid with aryl boronic acids to synthesize 6‐aryl‐2‐chloronicotinic acids is described. Regioselectivity was achieved in aqueous dioxane using the routinely used catalyst Pd(PPh3)4.
Synthesis and reactions of some new benzopyranone derivatives with potential biological activities
Authors: El‐Desoky El‐Sayed I. , Al‐Shihry Shar S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageReaction of visnaginone which derived from the naturally occurring compound “visnagine”, with allyl bromide gave O‐allyl visnaginone 1, which underwent Claisen rearrangement to yield 7‐allylbenzofuran 2 derivative. Vilsmeier Haack formylation of 2 afforded our versatile starting compound furochromene‐6‐carboxaldehyde (3) which was condensed with cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione, indandione, malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate to yield the ylidene nicotinonitrile and pyridone derivatives 4,7,10a‐b. Reaction of 3 with aniline or aniline acting on multiple function X‐H (X = NH, O, S) at its ortho position afforded the corresponding anils, imidazolylfurochromene and azepines compounds 11‐17. On the other hand, oxidation of visnagin afforded chromene‐6‐carboxaldehyde derivative 18 which was condensed with different aryl or (heteroaryl) acetonitrile followed by hydrolysis to give pyrano[3,2‐g]chromen‐4,8‐dione derivatives 20a‐d and 22.
N‐donor ligand as catalyst: A simple aza‐michael addition reaction in aqueous media
Authors: Pawar Shivaji S. , Dekhane Deepak V. , Thore Shivaji N. , Shingare Murlidhar S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA novel approach for the Aza‐Michael addition reactions between various amines and α,β‐unsaturated esters, nitriles and ketones using N‐donor Ligand catalyst (3 mol %) is described. The reactions are carried out in aqueous media at an ambient temperature to afford the products in excellent yields.
Synthesis, structure and investigations of tuberculosis inhibition activities of new 4‐methyl‐1‐substituted‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(4H)‐thione
Authors: Wujec Monika , Siwek Agata , Swatko‐Ossor Marta , Mazur Liliana , Rzaczynska Zofia 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageBy the reaction aminomethylation, chloromethylation and acylation of 4‐methyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol, 4‐methyl‐1‐substituted‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(4H)‐thione 1‐8 were obtained. Molecular structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by an elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra and additionally by X‐ray analysis for 2. Six new compounds 1,2,4‐7 were tested for antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium phlei and avirulent strain Mycobacterium H37Ra.
Morphological changes during postembryonic development in two species of neotropical harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Cranaidae)
Authors: Townsend Victor R. , Rana Nouman J. , Proud Daniel N. , Moore Michael K. , Rock Philip , Felgenhauer Bruce E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMorphological changes during postembryonic development in the Cranaidae are described on the basis of the examination of an incomplete series of larvae, nymphs, and adults ofPhareicranaus calcariferusandSantinezia serratotibialis. The life histories of these species are hypothesized to consist of six nymphal stages, featuring the appearance of secondary male sexual characteristics in the antepenultimate nymph (N5). Color and body shape change dramatically during development. Growth rates for nymphs based upon leg measurements were similar for both species. InS. serratotibialis, the greatest increase in leg size occurred from larva to 1st nymph. The tarsomeres of legs I–IV varied by 1–2 segments per leg for each nymph stage, with the number of tarsal segments increased by 1–2 segments at each stage. Adults had nearly twice as many tarsomeres on leg II than other legs. Ontogenetic changes were observed in the armature of the proximal cheliceral segment, ocularium, pedipalp, opisthosoma, distitarsus III and IV, and leg IV. Morphological changes in postembryonic development in cranaid harvestmen are similar to those reported for other Laniatores. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mass spectrometric study on meloxicam metabolism in horses and the fungusCunninghamella elegans,and the relevance of this microbial system as a model of drug metabolism in the horse
Authors: Tevell Åberg Annica , Olsson Charlotte , Bondesson Ulf , Hedeland Mikael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a study where the metabolism of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug meloxicam was investigated in six horses and in the filamentous fungusCunninghamella elegans. The metabolites identified were compared between the species, and then the fungus was used to produce larger amounts of the metabolites for future use as reference material.C. elegansproved to be a good model of phase I meloxicam metabolism in horses since all four metabolites found were the same in both species. Apart from the two main metabolites, 5′‐hydroxymethylmeloxicam and 5′‐carboxymeloxicam, a second isomer of hydroxymeloxicam and dihydroxylated meloxicam were detected for the first time in horse urine and the microbial incubations. Phase II metabolites were not discovered in theC. eleganssamples but hydroxymeloxicam glucuronide was detected intact in horse urine for the first time in this study. Urine from six horses was further analyzed in a semi‐quantitative sense and 5′‐hydroxymethylmeloxicam gave peaks with much higher intensity compared to the parent drug and the other metabolites, and was detected for at least 14 days after the last given dose in some of the horses. From the results presented in this article, we suggest that analytical methods developed for the detection of meloxicam in horse urine after prohibited use should focus on the 5′‐hydroxymethyl metabolite and thatC. eleganscan be used to produce large amounts of this metabolite for potential future use as a reference compound. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion‐ Beam Modification of Peo Based Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Singh Divya , Saxena Amit , Pandey Shri Prakash , Tomar Sandeep Kumar , Asokan K. , Kanjilal D. , Kumar Ranvir , Bhattacharya Bhaskar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we report the ion beam interaction with a well explored ion conducting polymer electrolyte, viz., polyethylene oxide complexed with sodium iodide (PEO:NaI). Li3+ ions at 50 MeV were bombarded on the film at different flux. The conductivity modulation of the films has been reported due to interaction at different fluence. The increase in the total conductivity is explained in terms of the change in the number of charge carriers and the dielectric constant of the polymer electrolyte films.
Simulation of Fibrillation of PC/LCP/Kevlar Blends and Its Characterizations
Authors: Mukherjee Madhumita , Das Tanya , Bose Saswata , Das Chapal Kumar , Kharitonov Alexander P. , Banik Kaushik , Chung Tham Nguyen , Mennig Gunter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractKevlar fiber was fluorinated and oxy‐fluorinated directly in presence of undiluted fluorine and fluorine gas mixture and processed with Polycarbonate and LCP at 320 °C under 20 rpm in a twin‐screw extruder. The composites were then injection molded into dumbbell shaped specimens under different conditions like various mold temperatures, injection temperatures, injection speeds and mold filling rates. Various physico‐chemical characterizations have been performed under definite processing parameter. Orientation of fibers under different injection parameters was evaluated using mold flow simulation technique. Most injection molded or extruded structures however, exhibit non‐uniform fiber orientation across the final parts, with a diverging variety of different local fiber orientation states. Distinct skin and core regions were observed in the injection molded parts and it has also been found out that fiber orientation is different in skin and core region for both unmodified and modified derivative, which affects the flow behavior. Processing parameters significantly affect the fiber orientation pattern in the skin and core region for all blended materials. It is worth mentioning that the maximum fiber orientation occurred during the extrusion process at the wall but different extent of fiber orientation is observed during the injection molding depending on the shape of the dumbbell specimen. This fibrillation has been corroborated by the SEM study in both the skin and core region.
Preparation and Characterization of Poly(Lactic Acid)‐g‐Maleic Anhydride + Starch Blends
Authors: Orozco Victor H. , Brostow Witold , Chonkaew Wunpen , López Betty L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) and starch copolymers are obtained by reactive blending ‐ varying the starch compositions from 0 to 60%. PLA is functionalized with maleic anhydride (MA), obtaining PLA‐g‐MA copolymers using dicumyl peroxide as an initiator of grafting in order to improve the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between the constituents. PLA + starch blends without a compatibilizer do not have sufficient interfacial adhesion. Decomposition temperature of PLA is not affected by grafting. Glass transition temperatures and dynamic mechanical properties are affected since MA has a plasticizing effect. Along with an increasing starch content friction decreases while wear loss volume in pin‐on‐disk tribometry has a minimum at nominal 15% wt. starch but increases at higher starch concentrations. The residual depth in scratching and sliding wear testing has a maximum at 15% starch; there is a minimum of storage modulus E′ determined in dynamic mechanical testing at the same concentration. Microhardness results also reflect the plasticization by MA.
Polyacrylamide Grafted Carboxymethyl Tamarind (CMT‐g‐PAM): Development and Application of a Novel Polymeric Flocculant
Authors: Sen Gautam , Pal Sagar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWater is scarce commodity now. Recycling of municipal wastewater, industrial and mineral processing effluents require treatment with the inorganic or organic flocculants. Both synthetic and natural polymers are used as flocculants. Natural polymers are biodegradable and are effective at very large dosages but are very shear stable. The synthetic polymers are highly effective flocculants at very small dosages and have high tailorability, but have poor shear stability. In the authors' laboratory, a novel polymeric flocculant has been developed by grafting polyacrylamide onto the backbone of carboxymethyl tamarind (CMT‐g‐PAM). Various grades were developed to optimize the best flocculant. The grafted polymers were characterized by various characterization techniques such as intrinsic viscosity measurement, FTIR spectroscopy, 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis etc. The flocculation studies were carried out using turbidity test as well as settling test. The optimized CMT‐g‐PAM was then compared with some of the commercial flocculants available in national and international markets in colloidal suspensions and it has been found that our synthesized flocculant surpasses most of the commercial flocculants in performance.
FTIR Studies of Doped PMMA ‐ PVC Blend System
Authors: Soman Vijay V. , Kelkar Deepali S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe IR spectroscopy study shows miscibility between PMMA‐PVC blends due to hydrogen bonding between CO of PMMA and hydrogen from CHCl of PVC. This blend system is doped by Camphor Sulphonic Acid (CSA) in the entire composition range. The doping of CSA in PVC, in PMMA and in PMMA‐PVC blends shows changes in FTIR spectra. The interaction between PVC and CSA is through hydrogen bonding between CO of CSA and CHCl of PVC. Doping PMMA with CSA, indicate an interaction between H+ ion of CSA and oxygen atoms of CO and OCH3 of PMMA. Whereas in PMMA–PVC blend interaction between H+ ion of CSA and oxygen atom of CO of PMMA.
A Comparison of the Syntheses of High Molar Mass Epoxy Resins on the Basis of two Groups of Modified Vegetable Oils
Authors: Czub Piotr 
Published: March 2009

AbstractApplication of epoxidized and hydroxylated natural oils as a new group of environmentally friendly and renewable raw materials for the synthesis of high molar mass epoxy resins is described. Selected vegetable oils were first oxidized and next reacted with mono and diethylene glycols. Obtained epoxidized soybean, rapeseed, linseed and sunflower oils were used together with Bisphenol A in the fusion process. Analogously, hydroxylated soybean and rapeseed oils were reacted with commercial grade Bisphenol A‐based low molar mass epoxy resin. The fusion process was carried out in the presence of selected catalysts (i.e., lithium chloride, 2‐methylimidazole, triphenylphosphine and triethanolamine) giving high molar mass epoxies. The relationship between type of modified oil used in the synthesis and reaction conditions and properties of synthesized resins (e.g., value and distribution of average molar mass, contents of epoxy groups and colour) is discussed.
Synthesis and Ex‐situ Characterization of Nafion/TiO2 Composite Membranes for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Barbora Lepakshi , Acharya Simadri , Verma Anil 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNafion/TiO2 composite membranes for different loadings of TiO2 were prepared by casting method for the possible application in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). The properties of the composite membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyser (TGA), ion exchange capacity, water and alcohol uptake, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, and ethanol crossover. The observed characteristics of the membranes were evaluated for DEFC and compared with the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) membrane. The analysis reveales a significant influence on the TiO2 surface characteristics, water and alcohol uptake, and swelling of the membrane. The TiO2 composite membranes exhibited a sharp decrease in methanol and ethanol crossover for 5% TiO2 and the proton conductivity was heighest for 1% TiO2 loading. The best compromise between proton conductivity and crossover has been found out with the help of the characteristic factor ϕ. The optimum loading of 5% TiO2 composite membrane has shown the maximum characteristic factor.
Chiral NMR discrimination of the diastereoisomeric salts of the H3‐antagonist 2‐[3‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐ylmethyl)piperidin‐1‐yl]‐1H‐benzimidazole
Authors: Rivara Mirko , Zuliani Valentina , Fantini Marco , Dallaturca Elisa , Mor Marco 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDiastereomeric salts with optically pure (S)‐α‐methoxy‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid (MTPA) were used to discriminate the enantiomers of the chiral H3‐antagonist 2‐[3‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐ylmethyl)piperidin‐1‐yl]‐1H‐benzimidazole. Chemical‐shift differences (Δδ) in NMR spectra strongly depend on solvent and stoichiometric ratio. The better observable differentiation occurred for the proton at the 2‐position of the imidazole ring. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.