bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ΔNp73α inhibits PTEN expression in thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Vella Veronica , Puppin Cinzia , Damante Giuseppe , Vigneri Riccardo , Sanfilippo Mariangela , Vigneri Paolo , Tell Gianluca , Frasca Francesco 
Published: December 2008

AbstractΔNp73 is a N‐terminally truncated p53 family member with a dominant negative function, which is upregulated in cancer. PTEN is a lipid phosphatase, which is involved in the attenuation of tyrosine kinase signaling. PTEN expression is increased by p53, and its function is blunted in several malignancies. Because in most of the thyroid carcinomas, ΔNp73α is upregulated, whereas PTEN expression down regulated, we investigated whether ΔNp73α may influence PTEN expression in this cell model. We found that ΔNp73α overexpression in thyroid cancer cells reduces PTEN expression, whereas ΔNp73α down‐regulation by siRNA increases PTEN expression. Real‐time PCR indicated that overexpression of ΔNp73α is able to reduce PTEN mRNA levels. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays indicated that ΔNp73α binds to −1031‐779 region of the PTEN promoter, which is a different site than that for p53, thereby inhibiting promoter activity. Interestingly, also the transcriptionally active p73 isoforms (TAp73α and TAp73β) bound to this DNA sequence and, at variance with ΔNp73α, stimulated PTEN promoter activity to an extent similar to that of p53. In accordance with its effect on PTEN protein levels, ΔNp73α increased phospho‐Akt protein content and, as a consequence, Mdm2‐mediated p53 degradation. This effect of ΔNp73α resulted in increased thyroid cancer cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis and was reverted by the PI3‐kinase inhibitor LY294002, indicating the role of Akt pathway in this effect. Taken together, these results indicate a novel p73 regulated mechanism for PTEN expression in thyroid cancer cells, and that, also through this mechanism, ΔNp73α exerts its protumorigenic effect. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute effects of exposure to vapours of standard and dearomatized white spirits in humans. 2. Irritation and inflammation
Authors: Ernstgård Lena , Iregren Anders , Juran Stephanie , Sjögren Bengt , van Thriel Christoph , Johanson Gunnar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLow aromatic and dearomatized white spirits (deWS) are often considered less hazardous to health than ‘standard’ or aromatic white sprit (stdWS, 15–20% aromatics). However, data on health effects of deWS in humans are sparse and controlled exposure studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare deWS and stdWS with respect to irritation and inflammation. Six female and six male healthy volunteers were exposed on five occasions in balanced order to 100 or 300 mg m−3 deWS (0.002% aromatics) or stdWS (19% aromatics), or to clean air, for 4 h at rest. Discomfort in the eyes, nose and throat and breathing difficulty were assessed by ratings on visual analogue scales. The only significant increases in ratings (compared to clean air) were seen for eye irritation at the high stdWS exposure and for solvent smell at all but the low deWS exposure. Excluding smell, all average ratings were at the lower end of the 0–100 mm scale, and did not exceed the verbal expression ‘somewhat’. Ratings during stdWS exposure tended to be higher than during deWS exposure. No exposure‐related effects on pulmonary function, nasal swelling, nasal airway resistance, breathing frequency, blinking frequency, plasma inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6) or biochemical variables (sodium, potassium, amylase, creatine kinase, urate) were seen. In conclusion, stdWS appears to be slightly more irritating than deWS. This could, however, not be confirmed by objective measurements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of UV‐C radiation on quality of minimally processed spinach leaves
Authors: Artés‐Hernández Francisco , Escalona Víctor Hugo , Robles Pedro Antonio , Martínez‐Hernández Ginés Benito , Artés Francisco 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The fresh‐cut vegetable industry commonly uses sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for disinfection. However, certain problems with NaOCl usage have led to the investigation of alternative sanitisation treatments. In this respect, UV‐C radiation could be of interest.RESULTS: The effect of four pre‐packaging UV‐C radiation doses (0, 4.54, 7.94 and 11.35 kJ m−2) and two storage temperatures (5 and 8 °C) on the quality of minimally processed spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves was studied over a period of 13 days. UV‐C radiation decreased mesophilic and psychrophilic counts just after its application compared with conventional sanitisation washing (150 mg L−1 NaOCl). However, UV‐C had no residual effect on microbial growth from 6 to 13 days at 5 and 8 °C. During shelf‐life a slight loss of lightness was found, probably related to superficial tissue damage induced particularly in higher‐UV‐C treated leaves. Total antioxidant activity and polyphenol content decreased gradually throughout storage, being more evident in higher‐UV‐C treated leaves stored at 8 °C. The general trend was to maintain the initial chlorophyll content during shelf‐life.CONCLUSION: Low to moderate UV‐C radiation can be an effective alternative to chlorine for sanitising minimally processed spinach leaves and preserving their quality. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Reverse sensory geste in cervical dystonia
Authors: Asmus Friedrich , von Coelln Rainer , Boertlein Axel , Gasser Thomas , Mueller Joerg 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSensory gestes (SG) are a pathognomonic sign of dystonia, which can be detected in up to two thirds of patients with cervical dystonia (CD). They reduce dystonia severity markedly but transiently. We report a patient whose CD substantially worsened with sensory input to the back of the head and neck in different body postures, a phenomomen recently termed “reverse” sensory geste (rSG) in craniocervical dystonia. In a cohort of CD outpatients, screening for “reverse” effects of SG on dystonia yielded a prevalence of 12.8% (n = 6/47). The most frequent rSG pattern was increased dystonic activity in a supine, resting position while trying to fall asleep. The response to rSG persisted throughout the course of the disease arguing for an impairment of central integration of neck proprioception. Assessment of rSG should be included in the routine examination of CD patients, since BTX treatment may have to beadjusted accordingly to be efficacious. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Complete assignment of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of α‐phenylsulfinyl‐N‐methoxy‐ N‐methylpropionamide and some p‐substituted derivatives
Authors: Domingues Nelson L. C. , Olivato Paulo R. , Reis Adriana K. C. A. , Mondino Mirta G. , Lima Filipe S. , Rittner Roberto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the diastereomeric pairs of some α‐arylsulfinyl‐substituted N‐methoxy‐N‐methylpropionamides with the substituents methoxy, methyl, chloro, nitro is reported. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of critical illness on axonal loss in Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Ho Doreen , Thakur Kiran , Gorson Kenneth C. , Ropper Allan H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this study we sought to determine whether axonal damage in severe Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) was secondary to critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) in the intensive care unit (ICU) by reviewing comorbidities in patients who had initial and follow‐up electromyographic (EMG) studies. Patients were classified as demyelinating (EMG‐D) or axonal (EMG‐A) according to findings on the second EMG. A critical illness (CI) score, derived from components of the APACHE II score, assessed the severity of critical illness in the ICU. Forty‐one patients were admitted to the ICU and had a follow‐up EMG. Of these, 28 (68%) developed an EMG‐A pattern. There was no difference in the timing of the second EMG (mean, 23 days) between the two groups. The mean CI score (10.7 for EMG‐A vs. 9.2 for EMG‐D, P = 0.47) and frequency of sepsis (89% vs. 77%, P = 0.36) were similar between the groups. Mean strength (0–100, Medical Research Council scale) and Hughes disability scores for the EMG‐A group were significantly worse at admission, nadir, and discharge. EMG‐A patients had significantly more days on the ventilator (25 vs. 11), in the ICU (26 vs. 15), and in the hospital (29 vs. 18). Sixty‐eight percent of patients with GBS in the ICU developed axon loss, but this was not related to the usual precipitants of CIP. Muscle Nerve 39: 10–15, 2009
Evaluation of distal symmetric polyneuropathy: The role of laboratory and genetic testing (an evidence‐based review)
Authors: England J.D. , Gronseth G.S. , Franklin G. , Carter G.T. , Kinsella L.J. , Cohen J.A. , Asbury A.K. , Szigeti K. , Lupski J.R. , Latov N. , Lewis R.A. , Low P.A. , Fisher M.A. , Herrmann D. , Howard J.F. , Lauria G. , Miller R.G. , Polydefkis M. , Sumner A.J. ,   American Academy of Neurology,   American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine,   American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Published: December 2008

AbstractDistal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common variety of neuropathy. Since the evaluation of this disorder is not standardized, the available literature was reviewed to provide evidence‐based guidelines regarding the role of laboratory and genetic tests for the assessment of DSP. A literature review using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, and Current Contents was performed to identify the best evidence regarding the evaluation of polyneuropathy published between 1980 and March 2007. Articles were classified according to a four‐tiered level of evidence scheme and recommendations were based on the level of evidence. (1) Screening laboratory tests may be considered for all patients with polyneuropathy (Level C). Those tests that provide the highest yield of abnormality are blood glucose, serum B12 with metabolites (methylmalonic acid with or without homocysteine), and serum protein immunofixation electrophoresis (Level C). If there is no definite evidence of diabetes mellitus by routine testing of blood glucose, testing for impaired glucose tolerance may be considered in distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy (Level C). (2) Genetic testing is established as useful for the accurate diagnosis and classification of hereditary neuropathies (Level A). Genetic testing may be considered in patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy who exhibit a hereditary neuropathy phenotype (Level C). Initial genetic testing should be guided by the clinical phenotype, inheritance pattern, and electrodiagnostic (EDX) features and should focus on the most common abnormalities, which are CMT1A duplication/HNPP deletion, Cx32 (GJB1), and MFN2 mutation screening. There is insufficient evidence to determine the usefulness of routine genetic testing in patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy who do not exhibit a hereditary neuropathy phenotype (Level U). Muscle Nerve 39: 116–125, 2009
Breast cancer screening in women at high risk using MRI
Authors: Leach Martin O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA series of prospective comparative studies have demonstrated that MRI has approximately twice the sensitivity of X‐ray mammography for screening women at high familial risk of breast cancer. In these studies, lesions have often been detected at an early stage, with disease being small and predominantly node negative. The diagnostic features in relation to risk and the biological behaviour of disease with risk category and age are being evaluated. The results of these studies have resulted in revised recommendations for screening for women at high risk of breast cancer. In this article, the results of the UK Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Cancer Screening (MARIBS) study of MRI screening are described, and compared with results from other studies. Risk factors identifying women who would benefit from MRI screening are discussed, MRI measurement methods are described, and the results of studies evaluating MRI and mammographic lesions in different risk groups are reviewed. Recommendations for screening women at high risk of breast cancer published by the American Cancer Society and from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK are summarised. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stretching a plane surface in a viscoelastic fluid with prescribed skin friction
Authors: Sajid M. , Hayat T. , Pop I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA model of forced convection flow due to stretching surface is derived to represent the physical system with prescribed skin friction. To achieve the similar solutions, the partial differential equations are reduced into ordinary differential equations. The analytic solutions of the resulting problems have been obtained by a homotopy analysis method. The convergence of the developed series solution is seen. Finally, the results of velocity, temperature, the stretching velocity, and Nusselt number are analyzed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Association behavior and properties of copolymers of perfluorooctyl ethyl methacrylate and eicosanyl methacrylate
Authors: Valtola Lauri , Hietala Sami , Tenhu Heikki , Denifl Peter , Wilen Carl‐Eric 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRandom and block copolymers of perfluorooctyl ethyl methacrylate (FMA) and eicosanyl methacrylate (EIMA) were synthesized. Organo‐soluble polymers with varying amounts of the fluorinated comonomer were obtained with conventional radical polymerization or with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Both random and block copolymers exhibit high surface activity in toluene and have critical micelle concentrations (CMC) 0.5 wt%. Random copolymers with FMA content above 30 wt% form aggregates in the order of 10 nm in diameter in toluene above CMC, while block copolymers with similar overall constitution form aggregates of the order of 100 nm in diameter under similar conditions. The aggregates formed in block copolymer solutions were found to reorganize upon heating into smaller, spherical aggregates of 40 nm in diameter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of non‐reactive solvent on the formation and properties of porous epoxy thermosets formed via reaction‐induced phase separation
Authors: Ai Hao , Xu Kai , Chen Wensi , Liu Huan , Chen Mingcai 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: A reaction‐induced process for producing controlled‐porosity epoxy thermosets with the aid of solvents is presented. The curing reactions were carried out in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and 4,4′‐diaminodicyclohexylmethane systems in the presence of appropriate solvents.RESULTS: The phase separation during the polymerization with appropriate solvent was characterized using dynamic light scattering. Supercritical carbon dioxide was used to extract the solvent from the epoxy resin matrix. The morphology and the porosity within the epoxy thermosets were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy as a function of solvent content. The results showed that porous epoxy networks with average pore size ranging from 1 to 20 µm were obtained, and the size of pores could be varied by changing the solvent content. Thermal properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The introduction of solvent decreased the glass transition temperature and the thermal stability of the epoxy thermosets but showed no influence on the degradation of the main networks.CONCLUSION: Porous epoxy thermosets have been successfully fabricated through a novel reaction‐induced phase separation process with the aid of appropriate solvents. They should open a wide range of opportunities for new applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Diols as hydrogen bond acids: 1H NMR study of the hetero‐association of pyridine with sterically hindered EDOT diols
Authors: Lomas John S. , Cordier Christine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe hetero‐association of pyridine with the cis and trans methyl‐3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐2‐[3‐(2,2,4,4‐tetramethylpentan‐ 3‐ol)]thiophenes (Me‐EDOT alcohols), 3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐2,5‐bis[3‐(2,2,4,4‐tetramethylpentan‐3‐ol)]thiophene (EDOT diol) and methyl‐3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐2,5‐bis[3‐(2,2,4,4‐tetramethylpentan‐3‐ol)]thiophene (Me‐EDOT diol) has been studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in benzene at 298 K. Self‐consistent association constants for the syn (S), anti‐syn (AS) and syn‐syn (SS) rotamers are determined from the variation of the OH proton chemical shift and of the rotamer composition with the pyridine concentration. The bridge methyl group has no effect upon the association constant of a syn OH group. Association constants are the same for the syn OH groups in the AS and syn‐anti (SA) rotamers of the diols, being slightly higher than for the alcohols. In contrast, values for a single syn OH group in the SS rotamers of the diols are significantly lower. Hydrogen bond acidity A values, determined for some congested alcohols and diols by the NMR method of Abraham, confirm that the syn OH protons of SS rotamers are less acidic than the single syn OH proton of an AS or SA rotamer. A values, with the notable exceptions of those for propan‐1,3‐diol and butan‐1,4‐diol, correlate with pyridine hetero‐association constants. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of dimethyl and methyl phenyl phosphinic chlorides with anilines
Authors: Dey Nilay Kumar , Hoque Md. Ehtesham Ul , Kim Chan Kyung , Lee Bon‐Su , Lee Hai Whang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reactions of dimethyl phosphinic chloride (1) and methyl phenyl phosphinic chloride (2) with X‐anilines have been studied kinetically in acetonitrile at 15.0 and 55.0 °C, respectively. The deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) involving deuterated aniline nucleophiles (XC6H4ND2) are also reported for the same reactions. The obtained KIEs for 1 are secondary inverse (kH/kD = 0.703–0.899 < 1), while those for 2 are primary normal (kH/kD = 1.62–2.10 > 1). A concerted mechanism involving predominantly backside nucleophilic attack is proposed for the anilinolysis of 1. A concerted mechanism involving predominantly frontside attack via a hydrogen‐bonded four‐center‐type transition state is proposed for the anilinolysis of 2. The degree of steric hindrance is the major factor that determines both the reactivity of the phosphinates and the direction of the nucleophilic attack on the phosphinates. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition metal complexes of tetradentate and bidentate Schiff bases as catalysts for ethylene polymerization: Effect of transition metal and cocatalyst
Authors: Białek Marzena , Czaja Krystyna , Szydło Ewelina 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article compares catalytic performance of ethylene polymerization in similar polymerization conditions of transition metal complexes having two ligands [O,N] (phenoxy‐imine) and having one tetradentate ligand [O,N,N,O] (salphen or salen). It is shown that the activity of both complex types as well as the product properties depend in the same way on the type of central metal in the complex and on the cocatalyst used. Although the type of ligand has some effect on the catalyst activity, yet it does not control the properties of the obtained products. The vanadium and zirconium complexes, irrespective of the cocatalyst used, yield linear polyethylene with high molecular weight (a few hundred thousand g/mol). Similar products are formed when titanium complexes activated with MAO are employed. On the other hand, the same titanium complexes in conjunction with Et2AlCl, yield low molecular weight polyethylene (of a few thousand) and additionally a mixture of oligomers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 565–575, 2009
Efficient packet scheduling for heterogeneous multimedia provisioning over broadband satellite networks: An adaptive multidimensional QoS‐based design
Authors: Du Hongfei , Fan Linghang , Evans Barry G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWith their inherent broadcast capabilities and reliable extensive geographical coverage, the broadband satellite networks are emerging as a promising approach for the delivery of multimedia services in 3G and beyond systems. Given the limited capacity of the satellite component, to meet the diverse quality of service (QoS) demands of multimedia applications, it is highly desired that the available resources can be adaptively utilized in an optimized way. In this paper, we draw our attention on the development and evaluation of an efficient packet scheduling scheme in a representative broadband satellite system, namely satellite digital multimedia broadcasting (SDMB), which is positioned as one of the most attractive solutions in the convergence of a closer integration with the terrestrial mobile networks for a cost‐effective delivery of point‐to‐multipoint services. By taking into account essential aspects of a successful QoS provisioning while preserving the system power/resource constraints, the proposed adaptive multidimensional QoS‐based (AMQ) packet scheduling scheme in this paper aims to effectively satisfy diverse QoS requirements and adaptively optimize the resource utilization for the satellite multimedia broadcasting. The proposed scheme is formulated via an adaptive service prioritization algorithm and an adaptive resource allocation algorithm. By taking into account essential performance criteria, the former is capable of prioritizing contending flows based on the QoS preferences and performance dynamics, while the latter allocates the resources, in an adaptive manner, according to the current QoS satisfaction degree of each session. Simulation results show that the AMQ scheme achieves significantly better performance than those of existing schemes on multiple performance metrics, e.g. delay, throughput, channel utilization and fairness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field enhancement in arrays of copper nanowires investigated by the finite‐difference time‐domain method
Authors: Locharoenrat Kitsakorn , Sano Haruyuki , Mizutani Goro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe have studied rotational anisotropy in the second harmonic (SH) intensity from Cu nanowires. The analysis of our experimental result by the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method has indicated that the SH response from Cu nanowires is enhanced by the coupling of the electric field components along the surface normal to the local plasmons and the electrostatic lightning‐rod effect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emerging female entrepreneurship in Japan: A case study of Digimom workers
Authors: Futagami Shiho , Helms Marilyn M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn economic solution for reversing Japan's financial challenges is entrepreneurship. New ventures are emerging outside the traditional Japanese management systems of lifetime employment, seniority systems, enterprise unions, and the Japanese business culture, which stresses a group‐oriented, riskaverse orientation. Governmental changes are slowly improving the climate for entrepreneurship. Using a case‐study approach, this article follows the development and strategic challenges facing the company Digimom (or “Digital Mom”) Workers, and profiles the historic and cultural challenges facing a female entrepreneur in Japan. Financial reports as well as a profile of the competitive environment are included. Implications and lessons learned follow the case analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.