bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of Microorganisms
Authors: Maquelin K. , Choo‐Smith L.‐P. , Kirschner C. , Ngo‐Thi N.A. , Naumann D. , Puppels G.J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionFT‐IRandRaman Spectroscopic Studies of MicroorganismsChemical Structures and Composition of Microbial CellsMain Biological Building BlocksExperimental Methodologies ofIRandRaman SpectroscopyAbsorption/Transmission (A/T)IRSpectroscopyAbsorption/Reflection (A/R)IRSpectroscopyAttenuated Total Reflection(ATR)IRSpectroscopyDiffuse Reflection(DR)IRSpectroscopyIRMicrospectroscopyUltraviolet ResonanceRaman SpectroscopyFourier TransformRaman SpectroscopyNIRMultichannelRaman SpectroscopySampling of Microbial CellsReproducibility of Measurements on MicroorganismsData Analysis Used for Characterization and Identification of MicroorganismsApplication Examples in MicrobiologyCharacterization and Differentiation of MicroorganismsGram TypeG + CPercentageEndospore FormationCell Storage MaterialsMetabolically ReleasedCO2Industrial ApplicationsBiomedical ApplicationsIdentificationAntibiotic Susceptibility TestingReference Databases for the Identification of MicroorganismsConclusion/Future Directions
Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Detection of Cancer
Authors: Dukor Rina K. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Vibrational Spectroscopy – Sensitivity to Structures of Biological Molecules

Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Cells and Tissues

Cell Biology

Cancer

Experimental Techniques

Histological Samples

IR

and
R
aman Sampling Techniques

Liquid Sampling

Solid Sampling

Macroscopic Sampling

IR
Transmission and Reflection

Fiber‐Optic Probes

R
aman Spectroscopy

Microscopic Sampling

Mid‐Infrared Synchrotron Radiation

Mid‐Infrared
FPA
Detection

CCD
Detection in
R
aman

Spectroscopic Sample

Applications

Breast

Cervix

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
Guidelines for the Development and Validation of Near‐Infrared Spectroscopic Methods in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Broad Neville , Graham Paul , Hailey Perry , Hardy Allison , Holland Steve , Hughes Stephen , Lee David , Prebble Ken , Salton Neale , Warren Paul , Leiper Ken 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Preface

Introduction

Background and Purpose

Overview

Types of Near‐Infrared Procedures to be Validated

Validation Requirements

Equipment

Equipment Selection

Equipment Qualification

Design Qualification

Installation Qualification

Operational Qualification

Performance Qualification

Change Control

Hardware

Software

Glossary

References

Books

Useful Reference Journals

Useful Papers

Technical Guidelines for Qualitative Methods

Introduction to Qualitative Analysis

Feasibility Study

Sample Authentication, Collection and Measurement

Sample Measurement/Presentation

Measurement by Transmission

Liquids and Solutions

Solids

Measurement by Diffuse Reflection

Measurement by Transflection

Library Development

Define the Purpose

Selection of Samples/Spectra for Calibration Set

Display Data

Calibration Set Selection

Data Pre‐Processing/Transformation

Library Construction

Determination of Thresholds

Library Validation

Internal and External Validation

Internal

External

Specificity

Repeatability

Robustness

Routine Use

Out‐of‐Specification Results

Library Maintenance

Database

Material Groupings

New Materials Addition

Material “Library Group” Modification

Technical Guidelines for Quantitative Methods

Introduction to Quantitative Analysis

Feasibility Study

Sample Collection

Sample Scanning

Displaying and Checking Spectra

Reference Data

Sample Selection – Calibration and Calibration Test Sets

Data Pre‐Processing

Generation of Calibration Model

Validation of Calibration Model

Performance Verification

Accuracy Monitoring

Use of a Check Sample

Comparison with Reference Method

Maintenance of the Calibration Model

Method Transfer

Acknowledgments
Cephalic vascular anatomy in flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) based on novel vascular injection and computed tomographic imaging analyses
Authors: Holliday Casey M. , Ridgely Ryan C. , Balanoff Amy M. , Witmer Lawrence M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHead vascular anatomy of the greater (or Caribbean) flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) is investigated and illustrated through the use of a differential contrast, dual vascular injection technique, and high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography (CT), allowing arteries and veins to be differentiated radiographically. Vessels were digitally isolated with segmentation tools and reconstructed in 3D to facilitate topographical visualization of the cephalic vascular tree. Major vessels of the temporal, orbital, pharyngeal, and encephalic regions are described and illustrated, which confirm that the general pattern of avian cephalic vasculature is evolutionarily conservative. In addition to numerous arteriovenous vascular devices, a previously undescribed, large, bilateral, paralingual cavernous sinus that excavates a large bony fossa on the medial surface of the mandible was identified. Despite the otherwise conservative vascular pattern, this paralingual sinus was found only in species of flamingo and is not known otherwise in birds. The paralingual sinus remains functionally enigmatic, but a mechanical role in association with the peculiar lingual‐pumping mode of feeding in flamingos is perhaps the most likely hypothesis. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1031–1041, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The embedded ion method: A new approach to the electrostatic description of crystal lattice effects in chemical shielding calculations
Authors: Stueber Dirk 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe nuclear magnetic shielding anisotropy of NMR active nuclei is highly sensitive to the nuclear electronic environment. Hence, measurements of the nuclear magnetic shielding anisotropy represent a powerful tool in the elucidation of molecular structure for a wide variety of materials. Quantum mechanical ab initio nuclear magnetic shielding calculations effectively complement the experimental NMR data by revealing additional structural information. The accuracy and capacity of these calculations has been improved considerably in recent years. However, the inherent problem of the limitation in the size of the systems that may be studied due to the relatively demanding computational requirements largely remains. Accordingly, ab initio shielding calculations have been performed predominantly on isolated molecules, neglecting the molecular environment. This approach is sufficient for neutral nonpolar systems, but leads to serious errors in the shielding calculations on polar and ionic systems. Conducting ab initio shielding calculations on clusters of molecules (i.e., including the nearest neighbor interactions) has improved the accuracy of the calculations in many cases. Other methods of simulating crystal lattice effects in shielding calculations that have been developed include the electrostatic representation of the crystal lattice using point charge arrays, full ab initio methods, ab initio methods under periodic boundary conditions, and hybrid ab initio/molecular dynamics methods. The embedded ion method (EIM) discussed here follows the electrostatic approach. The method mimics the intermolecular and interionic interactions experienced by a subject molecule or cluster in a given crystal in quantum mechanical shielding calculations with a large finite, periodic, and self‐consistent array of point charges. The point charge arrays in the EIM are generated using the Ewald summation method and embed the molecule or ion of interest for which the ab initio shielding calculations are performed. The accuracy with which the EIM reproduces experimental nuclear magnetic shift tensor principal values, the sensitivity of the EIM to the parameters defining the point charge arrays, as well as the strengths and limitations of the EIM in comparison with other methods that include crystal lattice effects in chemical shielding calculations, are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 347–368, 2006
NMR in photo‐induced chemical exchange systems. Double‐resonance inverse fractional population transfer application for investigation of 1,2‐(2,2′‐dipyridyl)ethene photoisomerization kinetics
Authors: Babailov Sergey P. , Kruppa Alexander I. , Glebov Evgeni M. , Plyusnin Victor F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe analytical expression describing the dynamics of nuclear magnetization with the use of double‐resonance NMR by the procedure of inverse fractional population transfer in requirements of photo‐induced chemical exchange (PICE) is obtained in this article. Laser‐induced (λ = 308 nm) photoisomerization of 1,2‐(2,2′‐dipyridyl)ethene was studied by NMR and UV absorption spectroscopy under irreversible and photostationary conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 337–346, 2006
Performance analysis of parallel Krylov methods for solving boundary integral equations in electromagnetism
Authors: Carpentieri B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWith the advent of high‐performance parallel computers, boundary integral methods have received an increasing interest for the solution of electromagnetic scattering problems of electrically large objects. The Galerkin discretization of integral equations leads to dense and complex linear systems whose size increases linearly with the dimension of the scatterer and quadratically with the frequency of the illuminating radiation. For solving realistic high‐frequency problems, iterative Krylov methods can be a viable alternative to out‐of‐core direct methods provided they are used in combination with fast algorithms for the matrix–vector products and robust parallel preconditioners. In this paper, we present experiments with iterative Krylov solvers combined with an approximate inverse preconditioner and the fast multipole method for the matrix–vector products. Numerical results on a set of problems arising from realistics radar cross‐section calculations in industry illustrate the potential of the proposed strategy for solving large‐scale problems in electromagnetism. The research described in this paper has been developed in the framework of a joint collaboration between CERFACS (Toulouse), EADS‐CCR (Toulouse), INRIA‐CERMICS (Sophia Antipolis). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
M‐matrices and global convergence of discontinuous neural networks
Authors: Forti Mauro 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe paper considers a general class of neural networks possessing discontinuous neuron activations and neuron interconnection matrices belonging to the class of M‐matrices or H‐matrices. A number of results are established on global exponential convergence of the state and output solutions towards a unique equilibrium point. Moreover, by exploiting the presence of sliding modes, conditions are given under which convergence in finite time is guaranteed. In all cases, the exponential convergence rate, or the finite convergence time, can be quantitatively estimated on the basis of the parameters defining the neural network. As a by‐product, it is proved that the considered neural networks, although they are described by a system of differential equations with discontinuous right‐hand side, enjoy the property of uniqueness of the solution starting at a given initial condition. The results are proved by a generalized Lyapunov‐like approach and by using tools from the theory of differential equations with discontinuous right‐hand side. At the core of the approach is a basic lemma, which holds under the assumption of M‐matrices or H‐matrices, and enables to study the limiting behaviour of a suitably defined distance between any pair of solutions to the neural network. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enterovirus meningitis in Greece from 2003–2005: diagnosis, CSF laboratory findings, and clinical manifestations
Authors: Dumaidi Kamal , Frantzidou Filanthi , Papa Anna , Diza Eudoxia , Antoniadis Antonis 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEnteroviruses (EVs) are the most commonly identified cause of aseptic meningitis. Rapid detection and characterization of EV meningitis is essential in making decisions for patient management and treatment. A total of 52 cases of acute aseptic meningitis that occurred from March 2003 to April 2005 were investigated for EVs using viral culture and/or molecular methods directly in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). EVs were detected in 21 out of 52 (40.4%) patients using reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) and/or tissue culture. EVs were isolated from six out of 37 (16.2%) cultured specimens, while 20 out of 52 (38.4%) specimens yielded positive results when 5′non‐coding region (5′NCR) RT‐PCR assay was used. One specimen that was culture‐positive was RT‐PCR‐negative. Using the VP1‐2A RT‐PCR and sequence analysis, 14 of the 21 positive EVs were identified as: four strains of Coxsackie virus B5, five echovirus 11, two echovirus 9, one echovirus 5, one echovirus 14, and one Coxsackie virus A9. Fever, headache, vomiting, and stiff neck were the most pronounced symptoms. Pleocytosis with the predominance of lymphocytes and mild elevated protein levels characterized the CSF specimens. Coxsackie virus B5 and echovirus 11 were the predominant serotypes during the study period. Although there was seasonal enteroviral activity (April–November), cases also occurred in the cold months. The 5′NCR and VP1‐2A RT‐PCR with sequence analysis were found to be superior to conventional methods for direct diagnosis and the typing of EVs. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:177–183, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low specificity of anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibodies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Bizzaro N. , Tampoia M. , Villalta D. , Platzgummer S. , Liguori M. , Tozzoli R. , Tonutti E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe association between celiac disease (CD) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is well documented in medical literature; however, a high frequency of false positive results of the anti‐transglutaminase (anti‐tTG) test has been reported in patients with PBC. To verify if the positive results for anti‐tTG autoantibody are false positives due to cross reactivity with mitochondrial antigens, we studied 105 adult patients affected with PBC, positive for anti‐mitochondrial M2 antibodies. Anti‐tTG IgA antibodies were studied by using six different immunoenzymatic assays that employ the tTG antigen obtained from different sources (human recombinant, placenta, red blood cells, and guinea pig liver). On the whole, 28 out of 105 PBC subjects tested positive for anti‐tTG IgA antibodies, but only two were eventually found to be affected by CD; the other 26 were shown to be false positive. The specificity of the various antigenic substrates ranged from 88.5% of the human erythrocytes tTG to 97.1% of the human recombinant tTG. The results of this study showed that a true association between PBC and CD was present in only 2% of the patients and that, in most cases, the false positive results were attributable to the type of substrate utilized in the assay. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:184–189, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simplified technique for evaluating the adherence of yeasts to human vaginal epithelial cells
Authors: Taguti Irie Mary Mayumi , Lopes Consolaro Márcia Edilaine , Aparecida Guedes Terezinha , Donatti Lucélia , Valéria Patussi Eliana , Estivalet Svidzinski Terezinha Inez 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThousands of women all over the world annually suffer of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), an infection caused by yeasts, which mainly affect the mucosa of the vulva and vagina. The adherence of the yeasts to the mucosae is an essential step for colonization and predisposes the start of the infectious process. In this study, a technique capable of evaluating the adhesion of yeasts to human vaginal epithelial cells (HVEC) was employed. Twenty‐five vaginal yeast isolates (10 Candida albicans, nine C. glabrata, two C. parapsilosis, one C. tropicalis, two Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and one Trichosporon sp.) were evaluated. A suspension of each yeast was co‐incubated with HVEC obtained from a healthy donor in the ovulatory phase. After 1 hr, smears were made, stained with crystal violet and Papanicolaou, and the number of yeasts that adhered to 600 HVEC was evaluated. The adhesion of C. albicans was significantly greater than that of the other species and occurred mainly in the intermediate HVEC, rather than the superficial. In addition, the proposed technique, easy to execute and of low cost showed to be reproducible and enables the determination of the adherence capacity of different isolates, whose adhesion was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:195–203, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new enzyme‐linked chemiluminescent immunosorbent digoxin assay is virtually free from interference of spironolactone, potassium canrenoate, and their common metabolite canrenone
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Kang Edward , Datta Pradip 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSpironolactone and potassium canrenoate (aldosterone antagonist diuretics) are sometimes used in conjunction with digoxin for patient management. Spironolactone, potassium canrenoate, and their common metabolite canrenone interfere with serum digoxin measurement using various immunoassays. Recently a new enzyme‐linked chemiluminescent immunosorbent digoxin assay (ECLIA‐Digoxin) became commercially available for application on the ADVIA IMS 800i modular system (Bayer HealthCare, Tarrytown, NY). We investigated the potential interference of spironolactone and related compounds in this assay by comparing the results with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), which is known to have significant cross‐reactivity with these compounds as well as a turbidimetric assay for digoxin with no known cross‐reactivity with spironolactone and related compounds. Aliquots of drug free serum were supplemented with therapeutic and above therapeutic concentrations of spironolactone, canrenone, and potassium canrenoate, and apparent digoxin concentrations were measured. No apparent digoxin concentration was observed using the ECLIA‐Digoxin or turbidimetric assay. When serum pools prepared from patients receiving digoxin were further supplemented with these compounds, we observed no significant change in digoxin concentrations in the presence of these compounds with the ECLIA‐Digoxin. We conclude that this assay is virtually free from interferences from spironolactone, potassium canrenoate and their common metabolite canrenone. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:204–208, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reference distributions for apolipoproteins AI and B and the apolipoprotein B/AI ratios: a practical and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort
Authors: Ritchie Robert F. , Palomaki Glenn E. , Neveux Louis M. , Ledue Thomas B. , Craig Wendy Y. , Marcovina Santica , Navolotskaia Olga 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe two serum apolipoproteins in the highest concentrations, apolipoprotein (apo) AI and apolipoprotein B, and the apolipoprotein B/AI ratio are measured to assess clinical risk for atherosclerotic heart and peripheral vascular diseases. The study is based on a cohort of over 37,000 Caucasian individuals from northern New England measured in one laboratory by immunonephelometry using standardized reference materials. All samples received for protein analyses were accepted provided adequate identifying information was available. Laboratory and demographic information was entered into a single database for subsequent study. Our results show that for males without evidence of inflammation, values of apo AI change little through life. For females, however, values gradually increase until about 60 years of age then fall somewhat thereafter. Among adults, females have higher apo AI values on average, than males. Apo B values change significantly through life, increasing after the end of the second decade to a peak during the sixth decade, then falling thereafter. In the past, concern has been expressed that apo AI is an acute phase reactant (APR), thus complicating cardiovascular risk assessment. The effects of an APR (C‐reactive protein ≥10 mg/L) on apo AI, but not on apo B, are measurable for both sexes, most noticeably beyond the age of 60 years in males and females. When values were expressed as age‐ and gender‐specific multiples of the median (MoMs), the resulting distributions fit a log‐Gaussian distribution well over a broad range. The size of the relatively homogenous cohort, by a standardized approach, provides a firm basis for comparison to preexisting reference intervals and for establishing a clinically useful and current reference interval for the three main apolipoprotein values. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:209–217, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reference distributions for apolipoproteins AI and B and B/AI ratios: comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature
Authors: Ritchie Robert F. , Palomaki Glenn E. , Neveux Louis M. , Ledue Thomas B. , Marcovina Santica , Navolotskaia Olga 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLimiting the clinical utility of apolipoproteins AI (apo AI) and B (apo B) and the apo B/AI ratios until the last decade has been the lack of satisfactory methods for quantifying serum levels and credible reference materials. Great technological strides have been made in the last few years. The remaining barrier to more relevant and cost‐effective use of serum protein data for diagnosis and prognosis has been the availability of widely recognized reliable reference intervals from birth to old age for both males and females. A total of 82 publications reporting reference intervals have been identified that meet most of the same inclusion criteria used in our prior six studies. These have been analyzed statistically and compared to similar studies, i.e., sufficient number, listed subject criteria, method, and reference material, in general terms. Published smaller studies with constrained age ranges, agree on average with our large series of life‐long reference intervals that range from less than one year to over 80 years. This study was performed to assess the degree of agreement between smaller reference interval studies to our large population analysis. This meta‐analysis provides support and reassurance that many of the smaller reference intervals published previously fall within reasonable limits of out large population. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:218–226, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.