bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Biomarkers for Persistent Fatigue in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Collado-Hidalgo Alicia , Bower Julienne E. , Ganz Patricia A. , Cole Steve W. , Irwin Michael R. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Purpose: This study seeks to define immunologic and inflammatory variables associated with persistent post-treatment fatigue in breast cancer survivors.
Experimental Design: Leukocyte subsets, plasma inflammatory markers, and ex vivo proinflammatory cytokine production were assessed in 50 fatigued and nonfatigued breast cancer survivors recruited ≥2 years after successful primary therapy. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to define a composite immunologic biomarker of fatigue risk.
Results: Fatigued breast cancer survivors were distinguished from nonfatigued survivors by increased ex vivo monocyte production of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α following lipopolysaccharide stimulation, elevated plasma IL-1ra and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R/CD126), decreased monocyte cell-surface IL-6R, and decreased frequencies of activated T lymphocytes and myeloid dendritic cells in peripheral blood (all P &lt; 0.05). An inverse correlation between sIL-6R and cell-surface IL-6R was consistent with inflammation-mediated shedding of IL-6R, and in vitro studies confirmed that proinflammatory cytokines induced such shedding. Multivariate linear discriminant function analysis identified two immunologic markers, the ratio of sIL-6R to monocyte-associated IL-6R and decreased circulating CD69+ T lymphocytes, as highly diagnostic of fatigue (P = 0.0005), with cross-validation estimates indicating 87% classification accuracy (sensitivity = 0.83; specificity = 0.83).
Conclusion: These results extend links between fatigue and inflammatory markers to show a functional alteration in proinflammatory cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide and define a prognostic biomarker of behavioral fatigue.
PUMA Sensitizes Lung Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents and Irradiation
Authors: Yu Jian , Yue Wen , Wu Bin , Zhang Lin 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, is often diagnosed at late stages and responds poorly to conventional therapies, including chemotherapy and irradiation. A great majority of lung tumors are defective in the p53 pathway, which plays an important role in regulating apoptotic response to anticancer agents. PUMA was recently identified as an essential mediator of DNA damage–induced and p53-dependent apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether the regulation of PUMA by anticancer agents is abrogated in lung cancer cells and whether PUMA expression suppresses growth of lung cancer cells and/or sensitizes lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation through induction of apoptosis.
Experimental Designs: The expression of PUMA was examined in lung cancer cells with different p53 status treated with chemotherapeutic agents. An adenovirus expressing PUMA (Ad-PUMA), alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or γ-irradiation, was used to treat lung cancer cells. The growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of PUMA in vitro and in vivo were examined. The mechanisms of PUMA-mediated growth suppression and apoptosis were investigated through analysis of caspase activation and release of mitochondrial apoptogenic proteins. The cytotoxicities of PUMA on cancer and normal/nontransformed cells were compared. The efficacy of PUMA and p53 in suppressing the growth of lung cancer cells was also compared.
Results: We showed that the induction of PUMA by chemotherapeutic agents is abolished in p53-deficient lung cancer cells. PUMA expression resulted in potent growth suppression of lung cancer cells and suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo through induction of apoptosis. Low dose of Ad-PUMA significantly sensitized lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and γ-irradiation through induction of apoptosis. The effects of PUMA are mediated by enhanced caspase activation and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor into the cytosol. Furthermore, PUMA seems to be selectively toxic to cancer cells and more efficient than p53 in suppressing lung cancer cell growth.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PUMA is an important modulator of therapeutic responses of lung cancer cells and is potentially useful as a sensitizer in lung cancer therapy.
Sublethal Irradiation Induces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Promotes Growth of Hepatoma Cells: Implications for Radiotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chung Yih-Lin , Jian James Jer-Min , Cheng Skye Hongiun , Tsai Stella Y.C. , Chuang Vincent P. , Soong Thomas , Lin Yu-Mong , Horng Cheng-Fang 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the clinical benefit of additional radiotherapy to patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and the molecular effects of radiation on gene expression in hepatoma cells.
Experimental Design: Between August 1996 and August 2003, 276 and 64 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage T3N0M0 hepatocellular carcinoma receiving TACE alone and TACE followed by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, respectively, at our institution were studied. Clinical outcome and pattern of failure were analyzed for the association of survival benefit with radiotherapy. The molecular effects of radiotherapy were studied in vitro and in vivo using human hepatoma cells with different p53 mutation and hepatitis B virus infection status.
Results: Median follow-up and survival time in the TACE alone and TACE + radiotherapy groups were 39 and 19 months, and 51 and 17 months, respectively. Additional radiotherapy to TACE did not improve overall survival (P = 0.65). However, different failure patterns were noted after TACE and after radiotherapy. Although all irradiated tumors regressed substantially, radiotherapy rapidly enhanced both intrahepatic and extrahepatic tumor progression outside the radiotherapy treatment field in a significant portion of patients, which offset the benefit of radiotherapy on overall survival. In molecular analysis of the radiation effects on human hepatoma cells, radiotherapy rapidly induced p53-independent transcriptional up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), increased VEGF secretion in a dose-, time-, and cell type–dependent manner, and promoted hepatoma cell growth in vivo with enhanced intratumor angiogenesis, which correlated well with elevated levels of serum VEGF.
Conclusions: Radiotherapy to eradicate a primary hepatocellular carcinoma might result in the outgrowth of previously dormant microtumors not included in the radiotherapy treatment field. Radiotherapy-induced VEGF could be a paracrine proliferative stimulus. Therapeutic implications of the study justify the combination of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with anti-VEGF angiogenic modalities for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma to reduce relapses.
A Disaccharide-Based Inhibitor of Glycosylation Attenuates Metastatic Tumor Cell Dissemination
Authors: Brown Jillian R. , Fuster Mark M. , Li Ruixia , Varki Nissi , Glass Charles A. , Esko Jeffrey D. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Purpose: The binding of hematogenously borne malignant cells that express the carbohydrate sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) to selectin adhesion receptors on leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells facilitates metastasis. The glycosylation inhibitor, per-O-acetylated GlcNAcβ1,3Galβ-O-naphthalenemethanol (AcGnG-NM), inhibits the biosynthesis of sLeX in tumor cells. To evaluate the efficacy of AcGnG-NM as an antimetastatic agent, we examined its effect on experimental metastasis and on spontaneous hematogenous dissemination of murine Lewis lung carcinoma and B16BL6 melanoma cells.
Experimental Design: Tumor cells were treated in vitro with AcGnG-NM, and the degree of selectin ligand inhibition and experimental metastasis was analyzed in wild-type and P-selectin-deficient mice. Conditions were developed for systemic administration of AcGnG-NM, and the presence of tumor cells in the lungs was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine labeling in vivo. The effect of AcGnG-NM on inflammation was examined using an acute peritonitis model.
Results: In vitro treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma cells with AcGnG-NM reduced expression of sLeX- and P-selectin-dependent cell adhesion to plates coated with P-selectin. Treatment also reduced formation of lung foci when cells were injected into syngeneic mice. Systemic administration of the disaccharide significantly inhibited spontaneous dissemination of the cells to the lungs from a primary s.c. tumor, whereas an acetylated disaccharide not related to sLeX in structure had no effect. AcGnG-NM did not alter the level of circulating leukocytes or platelets, the expression of P-selectin ligands on neutrophils, or sLeX-dependent inflammation.
Conclusion: Taken together, these data show that AcGnG-NM provides a targeted glycoside-based therapy for the treatment of hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells.
Positioning Heaven: The Infidelity of a Faithful Aristotelian
Authors: McGinnis Jon 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAristotle's account of place in terms of an innermost limit of a containing body was to generate serious discussion and controversy among Aristotle's later commentators, especially when it was applied to the cosmos as a whole. The problem was that since there is nothing outside of the cosmos that could contain it, the cosmos apparently could not have a place according to Aristotle's definition; however, if the cosmos does not have a place, then it is not clear that it could move, but it was thought to move, namely, in its daily revolution, which was viewed as a kind of natural locomotion and so required the cosmos to have a place. The study briefly outlines Aristotle's account of place and then considers its fate, particularly with respect to the cosmos and its motion, at the hands of later commentators. To this end, it begins with Theophrastus' puzzles concerning Aristotle's account of place, and how later Greek commentators, such as Alexander of Aphrodisias, Themistius and others, attempted to address these problems in what can only be described as ad hoc ways. It then considers Philoponus' exploitation of these problems as a means to replace Aristotle's account of place with his own account of place understood in terms of extension. The study concludes with the Arabic Neoplatonizing Aristotelian Avicenna and his novel introduction of a new category of motion, namely, motion in the category of position. Briefly, Avicenna denies that the cosmos has a place, and so claims that it moves not with respect to place, but with respect to position.
Trends in Satellite-Observed Circumpolar Photosynthetic Activity from 1982 to 2003: The Influence of Seasonality, Cover Type, and Vegetation Density
Authors: Bunn Andrew G. , Goetz Scott J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTime series analyses of a 22-yr record of satellite observations across the northern circumpolar high latitudes were conducted, and trends in vegetation photosynthetic activity were assessed using a series of statistical tests. The results indicate that most of the northern circumpolar high latitudes (&gt;85%) showed no significant trend in vegetation activity despite systematic climate warming during the period of analysis. Of the areas that did change, many showed the expected trends in “greening” of vegetation activity. There were, however, significant differences in the magnitude and even in the direction of trends when stratified by vegetation type and density. Tundra areas consistently and predominantly showed greening trends. Forested areas showed declines in activity (“browning”) in many areas, and these were systematically higher in areas with denser tree cover—whether deciduous or evergreen, needle- or broad-leafed. The seasonality of the trends was also distinct between vegetation types, with a divergence in trends between late spring and early summer (positive) versus late summer (negative) portions of the growing seasons in forested areas. In contrast, tundra and other predominantly herbaceous areas showed positive trends in all portions of the growing season. These results confirm recent findings across the high latitudes of North America and are supported by an increasing array of in situ measurements. They indicate that the boreal forest biome might be responding to climate change in previously unexpected ways, and point to a need for an expanded observational network, additional analysis of existing datasets (e.g., tree rings), and improvements in process models of ecosystem responses to climate change.
“Walking on my page”: intimacy and insight in Len Howard's cottage of birds
Authors: Crist Eileen 
Published: May 2006

English In this article, I investigate naturalist and musicologist Len Howard's form of knowledge of bird life. Examining her presentations closely, I show that her methodology of intimate cohabitation with and observation of her subjects resulted in a unique documentary: a deeply personal and highly privileged understanding of wild birds. I approach Howard's focus on bird individuality through Martin Buber's lens of the reciprocity of I-and-Thou. I argue that intimacy with the birds of her garden yielded insights into their mindful world, delivering knowledge which pejorative characterizations of “anecdotal” and “anthropomorphic” fail to appreciate. I conclude by examining Howard's work in the context of the behavioral science of her day and by posing the question of whether her contribution is or is not science. French Dans cet article l'auteur analyse les formes de connaissance de la vie animale de la naturaliste et musicologue Len Howard. En examinant de très près son travail, l'auteur montre que sa méthodologie de cohabitation intime et d'observation de ses sujets a résulté en une documentation unique: une compréhension profondément personnelle et hautement privilégiée des oiseaux sauvages. L'auteur approche le point de vue de Howard par le biais de la lecture de Martin Buber de la réciprocité du Je-et- Tu. L'auteur montre que son intimité avec les oiseaux de son jardin révèle des aspects de leur monde "intelligent" et une connaissance que les qualificatifs d'"anecdotique" et "anthropomorphique" échouent à apprécier. L'auteur conclut en examinant le travail de Howard dans le contexte de la science du comportement de son époque et en posant la question de savoir si sa contribution est, ou non, de la science.
Diversity of items of low nutritional value ingested by chimpanzees from Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda: an example of the etho-ethnology of chimpanzees
Authors: Krief Sabrina , Wrangham Richard W. , Lestel Dominique 
Published: May 2006

English For more than 30 years, field studies have shown that chimpanzees ingest items of low nutritional value such as rough leaves, bitter stems and clay, apparently thereby protecting themselves against parasites and modulating their health. The authors describe the diversity and the biological activities of items of low nutritional value used by Kanyawara chimpanzees in Uganda, according to scientific observations enriched by the viewpoints of local field assistants and a traditional healer. Their perception of chimpanzees' behaviour and the overlap with human medicinal uses led the authors to explore chimpanzee behaviour in a comparative cultural perspective. In spite of the rarity of such observations on wild individuals, study of self-medicative practices offers the opportunity to suggest an epistemology of the chimpanzee so as to better understand the acquisition and transmission of behaviours linked to diseases. French Depuis une trentaine d'années, des études de terrain ont montré que les chimpanzés ingèrent régulièrement des matériels de faible valeur nutritive comme des feuilles rugueuses, des tiges amères ou encore des argiles qui peuvent influer sur leur santé. Les données scientifiques décrites ici soulignent la diversité et les activités biologiques des items non-nutritifs utilisés par les chimpanzés de Kanyawara en Ouganda et s'enrichissent des témoignages des assistants et du médecin traditionnel local. Leur perception de ces comportements et les recouvrements avec les usages ethnomédicinaux permettent d'explorer le comportement des chimpanzés dans une perspective de comparaison culturelle. Cette étude est aussi l'occasion de souligner l'intérêt - malgré la difficulté inhérente à des observations rares portant sur des individus sauvages - d'une épistémologie du chimpanzé qui doit permettre de mieux appréhender l'acquisition et la transmission des comportements en lien avec la maladie.
Dimensions of variation on the CORE‐OM
Authors: Lyne K. Jake , Barrett Paul , Evans Chris , Barkham Michael 
Published: May 2006

Background. The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) is a self‐report measure comprising 28 items tapping three domains; subjective well‐being, psychological problems and functioning. In addition to the potential theoretical value of the domains for operationalizing the phase model of psychotherapy, when consulted, managers and clinicians considered the distinction between problems and functioning important for assessing case‐mix and clinical outcomes. A further domain comprising six items was included to indicate possible risk. Subsequent analysis has suggested an alternative structure for CORE‐OM with factors for risk and positively and negatively worded items (Evans et al., 2002).Methods. This study compares models for the interpersonal factor structure in data from the CORE‐OM in 2,140 patients receiving psychological therapy in the UK.Results. A multi‐method, multi‐trait, nested factors solution accounted optimally for the CORE‐OM item covariance, with a first‐order general factor latent and residualized first‐order factors of subjective well‐being, psychological problems, functioning and risk and with positively and negatively worded methods factors. The general factor was labelled psychological distress. Scale quality for CORE‐OM, using a scoring method in which non‐risk items are treated as a single scale and risk items as a second scale is satisfactory.Implications. The CORE‐OM has a complex factor structure and may be best scored as 2 scales for risk and psychological distress. The distinct measurement of psychological problems and functioning is problematic, partly because many patients receiving out‐patient psychological therapies and counselling services function relatively well in comparison with patients receiving general psychiatric services. In addition, a clear distinction between self‐report scales for these variables is overshadowed by their common variance with a general factor for psychological distress. An alternative strategy for operationalizing this distinction is proposed.
Understanding of basic financial concepts among adults with mild learning disabilities
Authors: Suto W. M. I. , Clare I. C. H. , Holland A. J. , Watson P. C. 
Published: May 2006

Objective. In the context of recent legal and social policy developments, which encourage clinicians to support vulnerable adults in making their own financial decisions, we explored understanding of basic financial concepts among adults with mild learning disabilities.Method. Using the literature about typically developing children, five measures entailing identification and ordering tasks were devised and were used to examine understanding of quantity, numbers and money among 30 men and women using specialist clinical services (mean FSIQ = 61.80; SD=10.59).Results. The concept of quantity was easier to understand than those of numbers and money, and task difficulties increased with the magnitudes involved. The different types of conceptual understanding were closely related.Conclusions. These measures may be useful for analysing difficulties in, and informing interventions to maximize, independent financial decision making.
Dependent personality traits and information processing: Assessing the interpretation of ambiguous information using the Thematic Apperception Test
Authors: Weertman Anoek , Arntz Arnoud , Schouten Erik , Dreessen Laura 
Published: May 2006

Objectives This study was designed to investigate interpretation bias in people with dependent personality traits.Method Eight Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) cards were administered to participants (N=56) who scored high or low on DSM‐III‐R dependent personality pathology. Two independent judges rated the TAT stories using a rating list based on the cognitive model of the dependent and paranoid personality disorder.Results Controlling for self‐esteem, the dependent interpretation bias appeared to be specific for dependent personality pathology. SEM analysis supported a mediation model in which beliefs mediate the relationship between DSM‐III‐R traits and interpretation bias.Conclusions The findings in this study support the hypothesis that people with dependent traits are characterized by a schema‐related interpretation bias and that this bias is mediated by dependent beliefs.
Multivariate modeling of MDF panel properties in relation to wood fiber characteristics
Authors: Li Shi Jun , Zhang S.Y. , Riedl Bernard 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels in relation to wood and fiber characteristics were investigated. Laboratory MDF panels were manufactured from raw fiber materials from black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.], three hybrid poplar clones (Populus spp.), two exotic larch (Larix gmelinii and Larix sibirica), and a mix of spruce, pine, and fir wood chips. The panels were evaluated for modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), linear expansion (LE), thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA). These properties were analyzed as response variables. As predictor variables, various wood and fiber characteristics were measured, including wood density, pH, base buffering capacity and fiber coarseness. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to develop functional relationships between panel properties (response variables) and wood fiber characteristics (predictor variables). Ten dummy variables were created and incorporated into the analysis to examine the effects of wood species or type on MDF panel properties. MOR was negatively related to arithmetic fine percentage. MOE was negatively affected by the percentage of small particles (>200 mesh) and wood pH. IB strength was negatively related to arithmetic fine percentage and fiber pH, but positively related to the percentage of small particles (>200 mesh). Wood density affected LE. TS was negatively affected by arithmetic mean fiber length. Arithmetic mean fiber width had a negative effect on panel WA. The presence of dummy variables in the models for MOE, IB and LE indicates that wood fiber characteristics other than those measured in this study significantly affected these panel properties. The study indicates that the refining process can play a significant role in manipulating MDF panel properties.