bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural alterations in the fibrous sheath, endocardium, and myocardium of dogs shocked with chronically implanted automatic defibrillator leads
Authors: Van Vleet John F. , Ferrans Victor J. , Barker Margaret A. , Tacker Willis , Bourland Joe D. , Schollmeyer Michael P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Catheter-mounted automatic implantable defibrillator leads were implanted in 10 dogs for 11 to 21 months (mean 15.0 months). Single shocks of 10 A, 20 A, or 30 A (peak current) were then delivered through the chronically implanted leads. Two days after the shock, the dogs were euthanatized and necropsied. The intracardiac segment of the lead was covered by a fibrous sheath, the endocardium in contact with the lead was thickened by fibrous tissue, and shock-induced myocardial necrosis was present surrounding the distal pair of electrodes, with the largest amount of damage found in the dogs given the large shocks. Ultrastructurally, the fibrous sheath was covered by endothelium and contained numerous spindle cells and identified as smooth muscle cells by their prominent cytoplasmic filaments and external laminae or myofibroblasts with prominent endoplasmic reticulum. The spindle cells were surrounded by abundant collagen fibrils but not by elastic fibers. The thickened endocardium contained numerous fibroblasts, abundant collagen fibrils, and a few small elastic fibers. The shock-induced myocardial alterations included necrosis of cardiac muscle cells with prominent mitochondrial mineralization, interstitial edema, and infiltration of macrophages.
Removal of total organic carbon from marine mammal pool water by polymeric resins
Authors: Adams Gary , Spotte Stephen 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chlorinated organic compounds comprise a portion of the total organic carbon (toc) of marine mammal pool water. The long-term effects of these substances on the health of captive marine mammals are unknown, but good husbandry practices should include maintaining toc at low concentrations. Two polymeric resins (trade names XAD-2 and XAD-4) were tested for their capacity to adsorb toc from the water of a saline, closed-system marine mammal pool. At a concentration of 588 mg of XAD-2/L, toc was reduced by approximately ~9% after 96 hours; 630 mg of XAD-4/L reduced toc concentrations by ~9% after 77 hours. Equilibrium was not approached in any of the experiments. The 2 materials tested are ineffective in this particular application, but ion exchange resins may perform better.
Pharmacokinetic and anti-tumor studies with the radiosensitizer misonidazole in dogs with spontaneous fibrosarcomas
Authors: Creasey William A. , Thrall Donald E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine dogs with spontaneous oral fibrosarcomas were given the radiosensitizer misonidazole (Ro-07-0582) in combination with orthovoltage radiotherapy. Although there appeared to be a trend toward greater disease-free survival of these animals as compared with a group of 13 dogs with similar tumors treated by orthovoltage x-rays alone, on analysis there was no significant difference. The plasma half-life and the volume of distribution of misonidazole were determined as 4.95 hours and 15.1 L/m2, respectively. In 3 dogs with evidence of misonidazole toxicosis, plasma concentrations at 4 hours after the dose exceeded 85 μg/ml, and the areas under the concentration vs time curve for this first 10 hours were greater than 850 μg·hr/ml.
Effect of dietary phosphorus restriction on the kidneys of cats with reduced renal mass
Authors: Ross Linda A. , Finco Delmar R. , Crowell Wayne A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cats with reduced renal mass were fed a phosphorus-restricted diet (0.42% P, dry weight) or a normal phosphorus diet (1.56% P, dry weight) for 65 to 343 days. Renal function was determined biweekly by blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine measurements and by initial and terminal inulin clearance procedures. Neither diet caused a significant change in renal function during the study. However, histologic examination of kidneys obtained at necropsy clearly separated the cats on the basis of dietary phosphorus. The kidneys from cats fed the normal phosphorus diet had mineralization, fibrosis, and mononuclear cell infiltration, whereas the kidneys from cats fed the phosphorus-restricted diet had little or no changes.
Interaction of amphipathic drugs with erythrocytes from various species
Authors: Smith Joseph E. , Mohandas Narla , Shohet Stephen B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Changes in morphology of human erythrocytes exposed to certain amphipathic drugs can be predicted by the bilayer couple hypothesis as proposed by Sheetz and Singer (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:4456-4461, 1975). When we tested that hypothesis, using erythrocytes from other mammals, we found that most, but not all, underwent the predicted changes. Both camel and llama erythrocytes showed minimal morphologic changes when exposed to anionic and cationic phenothiazines. The spicules formed by anionic drug in different species were numerically related to cell sizes. We conclude that structural rigidity of the erythrocyte membrane can alter the response predicted by the bilayer couple hypothesis.
Amounts of eight combined elements required to induce selenium-vitamin E deficiency in ducklings and protection by supplements of selenium and vitamin E
Authors: Van Vleet John F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 2 experiments, 330 newly hatched ducklings were fed, for 4 weeks, a commercial ration with 8 combined elements added. In the 1st experiment, graded amounts of the 8 combined elements were fed, and mortality and the frequency of myopathy from induced selenium-vitamin E (Se-E) deficiency were determined. The potential of the 8 combined elements to induce Se-E deficiency was additive because approximately one-tenth of the amount of each of the elements, as fed alone, was effective when fed in combination. The minimum amounts of the added elements that were needed to induce Se-E deficiency when fed together were 10 mg of Ag (as acetate)/kg of feed, 300 mg of Zn (as sulfate)/kg 1 mg of Cd (as sulfate)/kg, 2.5 mg of Te (as tetrachloride)/kg, 10 mg of Co (as chloride)/kg, 50 mg of Cu (as sulfate)/kg, 40 mg of Hg (as chloride)/kg, and 100 mg of Sn (as chloride)/kg.In the 2nd experiment, ducklings were fed the 8 combined elements in amounts 6-fold greater than the minimum amount needed to induce Se-E deficiency, and the ability of supplements of various amounts of Se and/or vitamin E to prevent induction of Se-E deficiency was determined. Protection was not given by adding 0.1 mg of Se/kg or 10 IU of vitamin E/kg; slight protection was provided by supplements of 0.5 mg of Se/kg, 50 IU of vitamin E/kg, or 0.1 mg of Se/kg and 10 IU of vitamin E/kg combined; marked protection was given by feeding 2.5 mg of Se/kg, 250 IU of vitamin E/kg, or 0.5 mg of Se/kg and 50 IU of vitamin E/ kg combined; and complete protection was provided by feeding 2.5 mg of Se/kg and 250 IU of vitamin E/kg combined.Initial hepatic Se and a-tocopherol concentrations were high and terminal values were moderate for Se and low for α-tocopherol in ducklings fed the commercial ration for 4 weeks, with or without the 8 combined elements.These studies demonstrated that feeding small amounts of combined Se antagonistic elements will induce Se-E deficiency in ducklings and that feeding large supplements of Se and vitamin E concurrently can prevent the condition.
Quantitative parasitemia in calves fed Sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts from coyotes
Authors: Dubey J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
For the quantitation of parasitemia, seven 7- to 10-day-old calves were orally inoculated with 2 virulent isolates of Sarcocystis cruzi from coyotes. Three calves were each given 2.5 million sporocysts of the 1st isolate; these calves died 31, 35, and 33 days later. The other 4 calves were given 2, 1, 0.76, and 0.38 million sporocysts of the 2nd isolate; these calves died or were euthanatized at 34, 44, 43, and 55 days after inoculation. Buffy coat smears from 7 ml of jugular blood of each calf were examined daily from day 14 after inoculation to time of necropsy. Merozoites were found in peripheral blood of all calves between days 25 and 46. The numbers of merozoites in 3 calves given identical inocula of the 1st isolate were 62, 48, and 17. The numbers of merozoites in the 4 calves given the 2nd isolate were 185, 11, 70, and 61, with decreasing dosages, respectively. The number of merozoites ranged from 0.14 to 9.8/ml of blood. More than 97% of merozoites were intracellular in mononuclear cells and 2.8% were extracellular in blood. Of 454 merozoites, 18 had 2 nuclei and 5 contained 2 dividing zoites; all dividing organisms were intracellular.
Effectiveness of ivermectin in the treatment of equine Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi infections
Authors: Yazwinski T. A. , Hamm D. , Williams M. , Greenway T. , Tilley W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifteen horses harboring naturally acquired, patent Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi infections were equally allotted to 3 treatment groups given (1) injectable vehicle; (2) injectable ivermectin at the dose rate of 200 μg/kg of body weight; and (3) injectable ivermectin at the rate of 300 μg/ kg. All treatments were given im in the neck.All animals were killed 14 days after treatment and examined for the targeted nematodes. Regardless of dose rate, ivermectin proved 100% effective in the removal of adult O equi and P equorum infections. Levels of immature P equorum were decreased by 98.5% in both ivermectin-treated groups. Oxyuris equi 4th-stage larval infections were decreased by 95.7% and 99.9% by the 200 and 300 μg/kg ivermectin treatments, respectively. Adverse reactions to the injections of drug were not seen.
Parafilaria bovicola (Tubangui 1934) in cattle: Epizootiology—Vector studies and experimental transmission of Parafilaria bovicola to cattle
Authors: Bech-Nielsen Steen , Bornstein Set , Christensson Dan , Wallgren Tor-Bjorn , Zakrisson Goran , Chirico Jan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Parafilaria bovicola (Tubangui 1934), a filarial nematode, causes cutaneous bleedings of live cattle and bruiselike lesions in the subcutaneous and im surfaces of affected carcasses.To determine the vector(s) of this nematode under Swedish conditions, a field survey was conducted during the pasture season, May-September 1980. A total of 9,931 insects were collected from cattle and subsequently examined for infective 3rd stage Parafilaria larvae. From the fly species collected, Musca autumnalis (De Geer), Hydrotaea irritans (Fall), and Haematobia stimulans (Meig) were those most frequently identified. The 3rd-stage larvae were only found in M autumnalis, face fly. Overall infection rate in these flies was 3.5%, with peak prevalence of 30% in June. Most of the nematode larvae were recovered from heads of female flies.In experiments in insect-free stables, 5 calves were experimentally inoculated with infective 3rd-stage P bovicola larvae. Two calves inoculated by the intraconjunctival route (larvae were instilled inside the eyelid) became infected, whereas 3 calves injected subcutaneously did not. Signs of infection were not seen in 4 control calves.The median development period of P bovicola from infective 3rd-stage larvae to the development of bleeding points was 43 weeks (301 days) in 26 cattle with spontaneous parafilariasis.
Temporary protection of calves against adenovirus infection by nasal secretion interferon induced by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
Authors: Cummins Joseph M. , Rosenquist Bruce D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six calves were inoculated intranasally with a vaccinal strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv). Three calves each were given 106.3 or 107.3 plaque-forming units (pfu) of ibrv, and 4 calves were given a placebo. All calves were challenge exposed with 105.3 tcid50 of bovine adenovirus (bav) type 3 by aerosol on postinoculation day (pid) 4. Nasal excretion of ibrv and bav, interferon concentrations and antibody against bav in the nasal secretions, and serum antibody were measured before and at intervals after calves were inoculated.All calves given ibrv had detectable interferon in their nasal secretions, and 3 calves had interferon in their nasal secretions at pid 1. All calves given 107.3 pfu of ibrv had interferon from pid 2 to 6, and 2 of the 3 still had interferon in their nasal secretions at pid 7. All calves given 106.3 pfu of ibrv had interferon at pid 4 and 6, 2 had interferon at pid 1, 2, 7, and 8, and 1 calf had interferon in the nasal secretions at pid 10. Interferon was detected in the nasal secretions of only 1 control calf after challenge exposure to bav. Serum interferon was detected in only 1 calf after viral inoculation.Those calves with interferon in nasal secretions at postchallenge exposure day (pcd) 2 and 3 had bav excretion reduced over 97%, on the average, compared with control calves without interferon. Near the end of the interferon response to ibrv, as interferon titers decreased, nasal excretion of bav increased until all calves were excreting comparable amounts of bav. Adenovirus excretion was detected on pcd 10 in 2 of 4 control calves, in all calves given 106.3 pfu, but not in calves given on 107.3 pfu of ibrv.Titers of interferon in the nasal secretions at various times ranged from 16 to 10,000. Bovine interferon was active in swine testicular cells, but not in cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts, chicken kidney cells, quail embryo fibroblasts, Crandell feline kidney cells, rat embryo fibroblasts, and guinea pig kidney cells. Bovine nasal secretion interferon was stable at pH 2.0, was usually stable at 56 C for 30 minutes, was destroyed at 70 C for 30 minutes, and inhibited pseudorabies virus.All calves developed bav infection despite the presence of serum-neutralizing antibody in 9 calves and antibody in the nasal secretions of 3 calves at the time of bav challenge exposure. At pcd 10, when all calves had ceased or decreased excretion of bav, only 3 calves had an increase in nasal secretion antibody titers and none had an increase in their serum antibody titers. In the present studies, interferon in the nasal secretions induced by ibrv provided temporary protection against a challenge exposure of bav, but protection against challenge exposure was not provided by bav antibody in the nasal secretions or serum.
Decay of colostral antibodies to bovine leukemia virus with application to detection of calfhood infection
Authors: Thurmond M. C. , Carter R. L. , Puhr D. M. , Burridge M. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An estimated weighted-regression method was used to describe the decay of colostral bovine leukemia virus (blv) antibodies in the calf, as measured by agar-gel immunodiffusion with glycoprotein antigen. The prediction equation, based on 473 observations from 130 animals, was log10 inverse titer = 1.29 − 0.012 age (days). The half-life of blv antibodies was estimated to be 25.8 days. Ages at which colostral antibodies were last detected were between 51 and 187 days. Normal limits of antibody decay were estimated and used to identify virus-induced active antibodies in calves during the colostral antibody period. Calves known to be infected were identified between 2 and 180 days of age, using 95% limits. Application of this procedure for the early serologic detection of blv-infected calves in eradication or control programs is discussed.
Detection of cell-surface antigens of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Atluru D. , Kleinschuster S. J. , Zupancic M. L. , Muscoplat C. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A serologic study was conducted to identify surface antigens on cultured cells of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Sera from cattle with various stages of disease were tested for reactivity with surface antigens of cultured autologous and allogeneic cells. Radioiodine-labeled protein A assays were conducted to determine the presence of antibodies for tumor cells. It was found that all sera tested had antibodies at a high level to autologous cells, whereas the reactivity of allogeneic serum to cultured cells varied. Furthermore, surface reactivity was not observed in these sera in tests for reactivity with normal epithelial cells. Reactive sera were analyzed by absorption tests with autologous and allogeneic cells. Absorbed sera showed no reactivity to surface antigens on autologous or allogeneic cells. Also, results of quantitative absorption studies indicated that absorption with precarcinoma cells eliminated the reactivity of sera from carcinoma- (cancer-) bearing animals toward cultured tumor cells. This indicates that there might be a shared antigen among the cells from precarcinoma and carcinoma lesions.
Host humoral factors in natural resistance to Haemophilus somnus
Authors: Simonson Randy R. , Maheswaran Samuel K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Natural serum bactericidal activity against Haemophilus somnus in various age groups of cattle was investigated. The level of antibacterial reactivity correlated with the agglutinating titer and age of the given animal. This activity was complement dependent, but the concentration of bactericidal antibody appeared to be the limiting factor in sera which had reduced killing capacity. Immunized animals developed high serum concentrations of bactericidal activity. The results of this study indicated that bactericidal antibodies may be important in host defense from H somnus infection and that immunization can enhance this resistance by stimulating high serum concentrations of bactericidal activity.
Effects of dietary milk fat (whole milk) and propionic acid on intestinal coliforms and lactobacilli in calves
Authors: Ward G. E. , Nelson D. I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Calves fed whole milk had 1,000-fold fewer (P < 0.001) coliforms in the cranial part of the small intestine than did calves fed skim milk (fat removed). Calves fed milk with 32 mM added propionic acid had nearly 1,000-fold lower (P < 0.001) counts of lactobacilli in the entire gastrointestinal tract than did calves fed milk without added propionic acid.
Effect of venereal transmission of ovine ureaplasma on reproductive efficiency of ewes
Authors: Livingston C. W. , Gauer Betty B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Rambouillet yearling ewes (n = 20) selected from a flock culturally negative for Ureaplasma sp were assigned randomly and equally to 2 groups. One group (principal) was bred to a ram experimentally infected with a specific serotype of an ovine ureaplasma. The other group (control) was bred to a ram culturally negative for Ureaplasma sp. All the ewes in the control group conceived during the first estrous cycle, remained free of infection with ureaplasma, and lambed on schedule with only 1 lamb failing to survive. The ewes in the principal group became infected with ureaplasma immediately after coitus. Ureaplasmas were routinely isolated for all ewes in this group for 50 days after the first coitus. Only 3 ewes were culturally negative for ureaplasma shortly after lambing. Two ewes failed to conceive on the first estrous cycle and 4 lambs failed to survive. Several lambs, from the ewes in the principal group were small and weak, and their birth weight was 0.64 kg less than that of lambs from the control ewes. One lamb in the principal group was mummified, whereas its twin appeared to be clinically normal. In sheep, ureaplasmosis appears to be a venereal disease possibly capable of causing infertility and low birth weights.
Origin of the early digestive disturbances induced by Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs
Authors: Buéno Lionel , Hondé Chantal , Luffau Gérard , Fioramonti Jean 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gastrointestinal motility (reticulum, abomasum, duodenum) and ionic contents (Na+, Cl−, HCO3−, pH) of the abomasum were determined in 4 lambs fitted with permanent abomasal cannulae.
During the 1st series of experiments, the animals were given 3 preparations (3 days between each): an extract of 25,000 crushed L3 larvae of Haemonchus contortus, a porous nylon bag containing 25,000 sheathed larvae, and a porous nylon bag containing 25,000 exsheathed larvae. The preparations were deposited directly into the fundic part of the abomasum. In the 2nd series of experiments, an extract of 25,000 crushed larvae was administered iv before and at 10 to 15 days after inoculation of 25,000 L3 larvae of H contortus.
Reticular and abomaso-duodenal motility were unaffected by the intra-abomasal administration of the extract of crushed L3 larvae or placement of either of the bags containing sheathed or exsheathed larvae. The Na+, Cl−, HCO3−, and pH of the abomasal contents were unaffected by the intra-abomasal administration of the crushed larvae extract and placement of the nylon bag with the sheathed larvae. In contrast, Na+, HCO3−, and pH were significantly increased by 51%, 850%, and 63% when the bag contained exsheathed larvae, the effects being maximal in 90 to 120 minutes.
The iv administration of crushed larvae extract at once produced a 40- to 60-minute inhibition of reticular contractions followed by a significant reduction of abomaso-duodenal motility for 3 to 4 hours. By the 4th hour, Na+ and HCO3−, as well as Cl− concentrations and pH, of the abomasal contents were increased by 79%, 340%, 43%, and 101%, respectively, these effects lasting more than 6 hours. Motor and secretory disturbances were nearly halved with the iv administration of the crushed larvae extract at 15 days after the lambs had been given 25,000 L3 infective larvae.
It is concluded that the abomasal permeability alterations occurring rapidly after H contortus infection in lambs were due to a substance(s) released by the exsheathed larvae reaching the abomasum and that these early changes were followed by antigenic reactions mainly responsible for the gastrointestinal motor disturbances.
Comparison of the steroid-induced, intestinal, and hepatic isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in the dog
Authors: Wellman Maxey L. , Hoffmann Walter E. , Dorner Joseph L. , Mock Richard E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The steroid-induced, intestinal, and hepatic isoenzymes of canine alkaline phosphatase (alp) were compared, usmg antibodies against the steroid-induced alp isoenzyme, heat inactivation, phenylalanine inhibition, prednisolone inhibition, and Michaelis constant determinations. The results indicate that the steroid-induced and intestinal alp isoenzymes are similar and indicate that the steroid-induced isoenzyme might be a product of the same gene that controls the intestinal isoenzyme.
Plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol in birds
Authors: Clark Carl H. , Thomas J. E. , Milton J. L. , Goolsby W. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol after oral, im, and iv administrations were studied in 15 species of birds. The biological half-lives of chloramphenicol ranged from 26 minutes in the pigeon, Columbia livia, to 288.3 minutes in the bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus. In those birds studied, the oral route gave low and inconsistent plasma chloramphenicol concentrations. The im route was the most satisfactory. Based on the data presented, an im dose of 50 mg/kg would produce plasma concentrations above 1 μg/ml for 8 to 12 hours, except in the pigeon, macaw, and conure.
Predicting the probability of quarter infection (by major pathogens) from somatic cell concentration
Authors: Poutrel B. , Rainard P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The herd factor did not significantly affect distributions of somatic cell counts of 6,560 milk samples (collected in 3 herds) within an infection status. Minor-infections distribution for a herd was closer to that of healthy quarters than that of major infections. About 35% of the quarters infected by major pathogens had counts less than 400,000 cells/ml.
Statistical analysis by conditional probability indicated that herd major-infection level should be taken into account to predict the probability of quarter infection by major pathogens. Discrimination with a good reliability between presence and absence of pathogens, as estimated by a single somatic cell count, is possible only in herds with high major-infection level.