bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo quantification of fluorescent molecular markers in real‐time by ratio imaging for diagnostic screening and image‐guided surgery
Authors: Bogaards A. , Sterenborg H.J.C.M , Trachtenberg J. , Wilson B.C. , Lilge L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFuture applications of “molecular diagnostic screening” and “molecular image‐guided surgery” will demand images of molecular markers with high resolution and high throughput (∼≥30 frames/second). MRI, SPECT, PET, optical fluorescence tomography, hyper‐spectral fluorescence imaging, and bioluminescence imaging do not offer such high frame rates. 2D optical fluorescence imaging can provide surface images with high resolution and high throughput. The ability to accurately quantify the fluorescence in vivo is critical to extract functional information of the disease state, however few methods are available. Here, a ratiometric 2D quantification method is introduced. Through mathematical modeling the performance was evaluated using optical properties that resembled biological tissues with the fluorescent marker Protoporhyrin IX. Experimentally the performance was evaluated in optical phantoms with different optical properties employing a novel prototype clinical imaging system. The clinical feasibility of real‐time, image‐guided surgery was demonstrated in patients undergoing prostatectomy. Discussed are the reasons why the introduced method leads to an increased quantification performance followed by modifications so it can be applied to novel fluorescent molecular markers as phthalocyanine 4 and dual‐fluorescent markers. These offer additional advantages as these can provide a linear response to marker concentration and further minimize the dependence on autofluorescence and optical properties, as demonstrated through modeling. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:605–613, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Er:YAG laser osteotomy for removal of impacted teeth: Clinical comparison of two techniques
Authors: Stübinger Stefan , von Rechenberg vet Brigitte , Zeilhofer Hans‐Florian , Sader Robert , Landes Constantin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn contrast to many techniques currently employed for osteotomy, like saws, drills or modulated ultrasound, lasers offer non‐contact and low‐vibration bone cutting. Therefore, this report examines the benefits to laser osteotomy in oral surgery using two different short‐pulsed Er:YAG laser systems.Materials and MethodsEr:YAG lasers, using either a fiber‐optic delivery system and an articulated arm delivery system, were used to remove impacted teeth in 30 patients. In 15 patients an Er:YAG laser utilizing a fiber‐optic delivery system was applied for cutting bone, with a pulse energy of 500 mJ, a pulse duration of 250 microseconds and frequency of 12 Hz (energy density 177 J/cm2). The other 15 patients were treated with an Er:YAG laser utilizing an articulated arm delivery system, with a pulse energy of 1,000 mJ, a pulse duration of 300 microseconds and a frequency of 12 Hz (energy density 157 J/cm2).ResultsIn all cases the lasers allowed precise bone ablation without any visible, negative, thermal side‐effects. Since the laser tip was used in a non‐contact mode and could be positioned freely, unrestricted cut geometries were feasible. Adjacent soft tissue structures could be preserved and were not harmed by the laser beam. However, osteotomies were time consuming, especially if teeth had to be separated. The level of water irrigation limited the use of the laser. In 20% of the cases in which the articulated arm delivery laser was used to section teeth, it was necessary to use a conventional dental drill to finish the procedure.ConclusionThis bone ablation technique, using short Er:YAG laser pulses and water spray, produced good clinical results without any impairment to wound healing. However, for now, the lack of depth control and the time required to perform the necessary osteotomy limit routine clinical application. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:583–588, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic free electron laser technique development for minimally invasive optic nerve sheath fenestration
Authors: Shah Rohan J. , Shen Jin H. , Joos Karen M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeThis study proposed to develop a technique for efficiently accessing the posterior orbital space using endoscopy and attempted application of free electron laser (FEL) energy, biopsy forceps, electrocautery, and CO2 insufflation to posterior orbital tissues.MethodsThrough an inferior transconjunctival incision, access to the posterior orbital space was attempted in 14 eyes of 7 non‐survival pigs. FEL energy (6.1 µm, 30 Hz, delivered via 250 µm hollow‐glass waveguide), biopsy forceps, and monopolar electrocautery application were endoscopically attempted in the posterior orbit. CO2 gas insufflation effects were assessed by analyzing arterial blood gases at 30‐minute intervals for 1.5 hours.ResultsThe posterior orbit was accessed in 13 of 14 eyes, the optic nerve was encountered, and FEL energy was applied in 8 of 14 eyes. Use of biopsy forceps and electrocautery were successful. Although ANOVA results for arterial blood gas changes were not statistically significant, visibility was adequate without CO2 insufflation.ConclusionsThe posterior orbit was endoscopically accessed and the optic nerve was exposed and successfully treated with FEL energy. CO2 insufflation did not alter blood gases, but did not further enhance visibility in this study. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:589–596, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photothermal antimicrobial nanotherapy and nanodiagnostics with self‐assembling carbon nanotube clusters
Authors: Kim Jin‐Woo , Shashkov Evgeny V. , Galanzha Ekaterina I. , Kotagiri Nalinikanth , Zharov Vladimir P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesUnique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) would open new avenues for addressing challenges to realize rapid and sensitive antimicrobial diagnostics and therapy for human pathogens. In this study, new CNTs' capabilities for photothermal (PT) antimicrobial nanotherapy were explored in vitro using Escherichia coli as a model bacterium.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were incubated with E. coli K12 strain. CNTs' locations in bacteria and laser‐induced thermal and accompanied effects around CNTs were estimated with TEM and PT microscopy, respectively. Multi‐pulse lasers at 532 and 1064 nm with 12‐ns pulse duration were used for irradiating sample mixtures at different laser fluences. Cell viability was evaluated using a bacterial viability test kit and epi‐fluorescence microscopy.ResultsThis study revealed CNTs' high binding affinity to bacteria, their capability to self‐assemble as clusters at bacteria surfaces, and their inherent near‐infrared (NIR) laser responsiveness. Cell viability was affected neither by CNTs alone nor by NIR irradiations alone. Notable changes in bacteria viability, caused by local thermal and accompanied bubble‐formation phenomena, were observed starting at laser fluences of 0.1–0.5 J/cm2 with complete bacteria disintegration at 2–3 J/cm2 at both wavelengths. Furthermore, ethanol in reaction mixtures significantly (more than one order) enhanced bubble formation phenomena.ConclusionThis first application of laser‐activated CNTs as PT contrast antimicrobial agents demonstrated its great potential to cause irreparable damages to disease‐causing pathogens as well as to detect the pathogens at single bacterium level. This unique integration of laser and nanotechnology may also be used for drinking water treatment, food processing, disinfection of medical instrumentation, and purification of grafts and implants. Furthermore, the significant ethanol‐induced enhancement of bubble formation provides another unique possibility to improve the efficiency of selective nanophotothermolysis for treating cancers, wounds, and vascular legions. Lesers Surg. Med. 39:622–634, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BV‐estimates of Lax–Friedrichs' scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws with relaxation
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhu Changjiang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we will give BV‐estimates of Lax–Friedrichs' scheme for a simple hyperbolic system of conservation laws with relaxation and get the global existence and uniqueness of BV‐solution by the BV‐estimates above. Furthermore, our results show that the solution converge towards the solution of an equilibrium model as the relaxation time ε>0 tends to zero provided sub‐characteristic condition holds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mechanism by which dietary AGEs are a risk to human health is via their interaction with RAGE: Arguing against the motion
Authors: Heizmann Claus W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe are interested in the regulation of intracellular calcium and the various diseases associated with an altered regulation of this second messenger. More recently, we also became interested in pathologies involving the Ca2+‐binding S100 proteins and AGEs and their association with the multifunctional Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE).Introduction: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700017Pro arguments: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700008
Dietary ALEs are a risk to human health – NOT!
Authors: Baynes John W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAdvanced lipoxidation end‐products (ALEs) are formed by reaction of protein with lipid‐derived reactive peroxyl and carbonyl compounds produced during food processing and cooking. There is concern that ALEs may induce damage in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting gut health, or enter the body and promote vascular inflammation and tissue damage. However, there is no direct evidence that ALE‐proteins are a source of damage in the intestines or that they are transported into the circulation and cause pathology. Modification of proteins by ALEs impedes their digestion, and reactive ALEs released by gastrointestinal proteases would react with proteins or peptides in the gut, limiting their absorption. There are also potent enzymatic mechanisms for detoxifying ALEs or their precursors prior to their entry into the circulation. If ALEs gain access to the circulation, a battery of protective enzymes in tissue provides a second level of defense. These enzymes may be induced in intestinal epithelia and liver by low doses of ALEs, and adaptive responses would provide enhanced protection against future exposure to ALEs. Overall, except in persons with compromised organ function, e. g., vascular, hepatic, or renal diseases, there is little evidence that food ALEs will have any significant pathological effects.Introduction: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700030Pro arguments: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600303
Evidence against dietary advanced glycation endproducts being a risk to human health
Authors: Ames Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn vivo, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are linked to various diseases, particularly those associated with diabetes. AGEs are also formed when many foods are thermally processed. The extent to which dietary AGEs are absorbed by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and their possible role in the onset and promotion of disease are currently of considerable interest. This paper reviews information that supports the argument that dietary AGEs are not a risk to human health.Introduction: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700067Pro arguments: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700035
Arguing for the motion: Yes, RAGE is a receptor for advanced glycation endproducts
Authors: Ramasamy Ravichandran , Yan Shi Fang , Schmidt Ann Marie 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAdvanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are an heterogenous class of compounds formed by diverse stimuli, including hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, renal failure, and innate aging. Recent evidence suggests that dietary sources of AGE may contribute to pathology. AGEs impart diverse effects in cells; evidence strongly suggests that crosslinking of proteins by AGEs may irrevocably alter basement membrane integrity and function. In addition, the ability of AGEs to bind to cells and activate signal transduction, thereby affecting broad properties in the cellular milieu, indicates that AGEs are not innocent bystanders in the diseases of AGEing. Here, we present evidence that receptor for AGE (RAGE) is a receptor for AGEs.Introduction: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700017Contra arguments: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600284
Dietary AGEs and ALEs and risk to human health by their interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) – an introduction
Authors: Thornalley Paul J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) has a well‐substantiated role in cell dysfunction and mechanisms of inflammatory disease. The physiological agonists of RAGE are less certain: S100/calgranulin proteins, high mobility group‐1 protein HMGB1 and other proteins are candidate agonists. It increasingly appears unlikely proteins modified by advanced glycation endproducts are effective agonists in vivo. In the following debate, Professors Ann Marie Schmidt and Claus Heizmann gave arguments and evidences for and against the motion. Recent evidence suggesting the activation of RAGE impairs the enzymatic defence against glycation provided by glyoxalase 1 (Glo 1) suggests that studies of RAGE will continue to be of importance to our understanding of the physiological significance of protein glycation.Pro arguments: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700008Contra arguments: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600284
Dietary advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their health effects – PRO
Authors: Šebeková Katarína , Somoza Veronika 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThermal processing of food results in the formation of various novel compounds, among others advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs result from nonenzymatic glycation reactions between reducing sugars and free amino groups of proteins, peptides, or amino acids. Due to their potential noxious effects, alimentary AGEs are also called glycotoxins. This review provides a summary of the available evidence on the health effects of exaggerated intake of thermally treated food. Data from experimental studies in rodents and from clinical studies in healthy volunteers and in patients suffering from selected diseases in which AGEs are of pathogenetic importance (diabetes, chronic renal failure) are summarized. It is concluded that, an exaggerated intake of thermally processed foods may exert in vivo diabetogenic and nephrotoxic effects, induce low‐grade inflammation, enhance oxidative stress, and promote atherosclerosis.Introduction: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700067Contra arguments: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600304
Dietary advanced glycation end products – a risk to human health? A call for an interdisciplinary debate
Authors: Henle Thomas 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPhysiological consequences resulting from protein‐bound Maillard compounds in foods must be discussed carefully. This was the idea behind the debate, which is put for discussion by the papers by Sebekova and Somoza, who argued for the motion that dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a health risk, and by Ames, who provided evidence against the motion. In this two excellent reviews, numerous arguments based on papers published in high‐impact journals are given for each of the opinions. The fact that no final conclusion can be drawn, may reflect the need for a more comprehensive examination of this issue in the future. For a deeper understanding of biological consequences resulting from heated foods, the relationships between well‐defined biological effects and well‐characterized chemical structures must be studied. Prerequisite for this is profound chemistry – pure compounds, exact concentrations, and unambiguous analytical techniques. A real “risk assessment” is much too complex than to leave it up to one discipline alone. It must be a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, joining the resources of biology, medicine, and chemistry.This article provides an introduction to “Dietary AGEs are a risk to human health“Pro arguments: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700035Contra arguments: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600304
Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data for two new triterpenoid saponins from Ilex pernyi
Authors: Xie Guang‐bo , Lei Lian‐di , Tu Peng‐fei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIlexpernoside A and ilexpernoside B, two new pentacyclic C4‐nortriterpenoid saponins, were isolated from the leaves of Ilex pernyi Franch. Their chemical structures were determined by MS, NMR spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data were achieved by 1D and 2D NMR experiments (HSQC, HMBC, 1H–1H COSY and NOESY). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of ovarian angiogenesis and apoptosis by GnRH‐I analogs
Authors: Parborell Fernanda , Irusta Griselda , Rodríguez Celín Alejandra , Tesone Marta 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn adequate vascular supply is important to provide endocrine and paracrine signals during follicular development. We evaluated the direct in vivo effects of both the GnRH‐agonist Leuprolide acetate (LA) and the GnRH‐antagonist Antide (Ant) on the expression of VEGF‐A and ANPT‐1 and their receptors in ovarian follicles from prepubertal eCG‐treated rats. We also examined whether the changes observed in apoptosis by GnRH‐I analogs have an effect on the caspase cascade. LA significantly decreased the levels of VEGF‐A, its receptor Flk‐1, and ANPT‐1 when compared to controls, while the co‐injection of Ant interfered with this effect. No changes were observed in the levels of Tie‐2 after treatment with these analogs. When we measured the follicular content of caspase‐3 protein, we observed that LA significantly increased the level of the active form. The co‐injection of Ant interfered with this effect and Ant alone significantly decreased caspase‐3 cleavage. IHC analyses corroborated these data. Notably, while LA increased caspase‐3 activity levels, Ant decreased them when compared to controls. In follicles obtained from LA‐treated rats, cleavage of PARP (a substrate of caspase‐3) from the intact 113‐kDa protein showed a significant enhancement in an 85‐kDa fragment. The co‐injection of Ant interfered with this effect. Ant alone significantly decreased PARP cleavage as compared to controls. We conclude that the decrease in VEGF‐A, its receptor Flk‐1/KDR, and ANPT‐1 produced by the administration of GnRH‐I agonist is one of the mechanisms involved in ovarian cell apoptosis. This suggests an intraovarian role of an endogenous GnRH‐like peptide in gonadotropin‐induced follicular development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 623–631, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping of the cerebral vascular response to hypoxia and hypercapnia using quantitative perfusion MRI at 3 T
Authors: Nöth Ulrike , Kotajima Futoshi , Deichmann Ralf , Turner Robert , Corfield Douglas R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChanges in breathing change the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood resulting in changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). This mechanism can be described by the cerebral vascular response (CVR), which has been shown to be altered in different physiological and pathophysiological states. CBF maps of grey matter (GM) were determined with a pulsed arterial spin labelling technique at 3 T in a group of 19 subjects under baseline conditions, hypoxia, and hypercapnia. Experimental conditions allowed a change in either arterial oxygen (hypoxia) or carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) concentration compared with the baseline, leaving the other variable constant, in order to separate the effects of these two variables. From these results, maps were calculated showing the regional distribution of the CVR to hypoxia and hypercapnia in GM. Maps of CVR to hypoxia showed very high intra‐subject variations, with some GM regions exhibiting a positive response and others a negative response. Per 10% decrease in arterial oxygen saturation, there was a statistically significant 7.0 ± 2.9% (mean ± SEM) increase in GM‐CBF for the group. However, 70% of subjects showed an overall positive CVR (positive responders), and the remaining 30% an overall negative CVR (negative responders). Maps of CVR to hypercapnia showed less intra‐subject variation. Per 1 mm Hg increase in partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide, there was a statistically significant 5.8 ± 0.9% increase in GM‐CBF, all subjects showing an overall positive CVR. As the brain is particularly vulnerable to hypoxia, a condition associated with cardiorespiratory diseases, CVR maps may help in the clinic to identify the areas most prone to damage because of a reduced CVR. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐sided bounds on the convergence rate of two‐level methods
Authors: Zikatanov Ludmil T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we prove two‐sided bounds on the convergence rate of a standard two‐level subspace correction method. We then apply these estimates to show that a two‐level method with point‐wise smoother for variational problem in H0(curl) does not have optimal convergence rate. This result justifies the conclusion, observed numerically and reported in the literature, that a point relaxation as a smoother does not lead to an optimal multigrid method. In fact, we show that for such problems using a well‐conditioned smoother will always lead to a method that is not optimal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced‐order suboptimal control design for a class of nonlinear distributed parameter systems using POD and θ–Dtechniques
Authors: Padhi Radhakant , Xin Ming , Balakrishnan S. N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new computational tool is presented in this paper for suboptimal control design of a class of nonlinear distributed parameter systems (DPSs). In this systematic methodology, first proper orthogonal decomposition‐based problem‐oriented basis functions are designed, which are then used in a Galerkin projection to come up with a low‐order lumped parameter approximation. This technique has evolved as a powerful model reduction technique for DPSs. Next, a suboptimal controller is designed using the emerging θ–Dtechnique for lumped parameter systems. This time domain control solution is then mapped back to the distributed domain using the same basis functions, which essentially leads to a closed form solution for the controller in a state‐feedback form. We present this technique for the class of nonlinear DPSs that are affine in control. Numerical results for a benchmark problem as well as for a more challenging representative real‐life nonlinear temperature control problem indicate that the proposed method holds promise as a good optimal control design technique for the class of DPSs under consideration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.