bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Randomized Field Trial on Intramammary and Intramuscular Dry Cow Antibiotic Treatment of Subclinical Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Authors: Shpigel N. Y. , Kass P. H. , Saran A. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe efficacy of two dry cow treatment (DCT) regimens for subclinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis was evaluated in naturally infected dairy cows. At dry‐off, cows were assigned to two treatment groups by randomized blocks on the basis of parity and somatic cell count (SCC). Two antibiotic DCT regimens were used, namely: (1) a single intramammary infusion containing sodium nafcillin, procaine benzylpenicillin and dihydrostreptomycin; and (2) systemic cefquinome administered intramuscularly, twice at a 24‐h interval. In the intramammary (IMM) treatment group, the S. aureus intramammary infection (IMI) rate was reduced from 40% (56/140 quarters) before dry‐off to 20% (28/140) after calving. Seventy per cent (39/56) of the S. aureus‐positive quarters were negative after calving, and 13% (11/84) of the negative quarters were positive after calving. In the systemic treatment group, the S. aureus IMI rate increased from 39% (29/74 quarters) before dry‐off to 55% (41/74) after calving. Twenty‐eight per cent (8/29) of the S. aureus‐positive quarters were negative after calving and 45% (20/45) of the negative quarters were positive after calving. The odds ratio of an S. aureus‐positive quarter being negative after calving in the IMM group relative to the systemic therapy group was 44.6 (95% confidence interval = 2.1–909.1, P < 0.01). Parity, quarter, milk SCC and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase were tested in the model, and were found to have no significant effect on S. aureus cure rates or new IMI rates. The IMM treatment resulted in a higher cure rate compared with that observed in previous studies. The very low cure rate after systemic cefquinome treatment was comparable to the spontaneous cure rate observed in untreated controls in previous studies. The unfavourable results of the cefquinome systemic DCT might reflect inadequate pharmacokinetic properties of the drug regarding poor udder penetration in subclinical mastitis and short antimicrobial effect compared with the IMM treatment.
Xylazine, Ketamine and their Combination for Lumbar Epidural Analgesia in Water Buffalo Calves (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Singh P. , Pratap K. , Amarpal  , Kinjavdekar P. , Aithal H. P. , Singh G. R. , Pathak R. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylazine individually (0.05 mg/kg), ketamine individually (2.5 mg/kg), and a combination of xylazine and ketamine (0.05 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg) after lumbar epidural administration in water buffalo calves. Fifteen non‐descript, male water buffalo calves of 6–8 months of age weighing between 55 and 75 kg were randomly placed in three groups (groups A, B and C). The agents were administered at the first lumbar epidural space. Clinico‐physiological parameters, such as analgesia, ataxia, sedation, salivation, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were studied. Other haematological and biochemical parameters monitored were haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count, plasma glucose, cortisol, protein albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanineamino transferase (ALT), sodium, potassium and chloride. The onset of analgesia (mean ± SEM) was faster in group C (3.2 ± 0.20 min) compared with that of group B (4.6 ± 0.22 min) and group A (34.0 ± 1.86 min). Analgesia of the thorax, flank, inguinal region, hind limbs, perineum and tail was complete in group C, but mild to moderate in groups A and B. Ataxia was severe in group C and mild in groups A and B. Mild to deep sedation was produced by groups A and C animals. Group B animalsfailed to producesedation. Longer duration and greater depth of analgesia was produced in animals of group C. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature decreased in groups A and C. The haematological parameters decreased in all the groups. The biochemical parameters like glucose, cortisol, BUN, creatinine, and ALT increased in all the animals. However, total proteins and albumin decreased in the three groups. The plasma electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride did not show any significant change. The results of this study indicated a possible synergistic analgesic interaction between epidurally administered xylazine and ketamine,without causingany marked systemic effects in water buffalo calves.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modelling of Roxithromycin for the Inhibitory Effect of Tumour Necrosis Factor‐Alpha and Interleukin‐6 Production in Dogs
Authors: Lim J.‐H. , Park B.‐K. , Yun H.‐I. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to determine and characterize the relationship between the plasma concentration of roxithromycin, and its inhibitory effect on cytokine production, in order to predict its possible clinical relevance. Six healthy beagle dogs received a single intravenous dose of 20‐mg roxithromycin per kg body weight. Blood samples were obtained at different time points. The plasma was analysed with respect to roxithromycin, tumour necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). The concentration–effect relationship was explored by modelling the data using two compartmental model and an indirect response model with anEmaxconcentration–effect relationship. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters (geometric mean) were as follows:Vc = 2.59 l;k10 = 0.08/h;k12 = 0.26/h;k21 = 0.40/h. The pharmacodynamic parameters (geometric mean) for the inhibitory effect on cytokine production induced by heat‐killedStaphylococcus aureus(HKSA) were for TNF‐α(kin = 1.42 μg/h;kout = 1.10 μg/h; EC50 > 5.69 mg/l) and for IL‐6 (kin = 2.31 μg/h;kout = 2.04 μg/h; EC50 = 21.07 mg/l) production, respectively. The inhibitory effect of roxithromycin on production can be adequately described by the indirect response model with anEmaxconcentration–effect relationship.
Evidence for Different Nutrient Partitioning in Boran (Bos indicus) and Boran × Holstein Cows When Re‐allocated from Low to High or from High to Low Feeding Level
Authors: Jenet A. , Fernandez‐Rivera S. , Tegegne A. , Wettstein H.‐R. , Senn M. , Saurer M. , Langhans W. , Kreuzer M. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThis study tested the hypothesis that purebred Boran (Bos indicus) cows and crossbreds of Boran and Holstein respond differently to long‐term changes of feeding level in nutrient partitioning to milk and body fat stores. A total of 27 cows of these two genotypes were subjected either to a low or a high feeding level from their first oestrus as heifers until birth of their third calf. Half of the cows of each genotype were then switched to the other feeding level during the third reproduction cycle. If at all, Boran cows responded to a change in the feeding level almost exclusively by a corresponding change in body weight but not milk yield. Crossbred cows kept continuously on the low feeding level had a lower milk yield than those continuously fed the high level, but lost similar amounts of body weight. In crossbred cows, changing the feeding level from high to low was accompanied by a mobilization of body reserves, whereas a change from low to high level resulted mostly in an increase in milk yield. Certain other genotype differences in metabolic response were obvious from differences in body composition and from the metabolic profile either reflected in blood (particularly insulin‐like growth factor I) or in adipose tissue (lipoprotein lipase). Reproductive performance differed between genotypes, with shorter lactations associated with earlier occurrences of the first oestrus in the Boran cows. Generally, feeding history appeared to have at least as much influence on energy partitioning as the actual feeding level. In conclusion, purebred Boran cows seem to react to long‐term food fluctuations mainly by mobilizing and restoring body fat reserves, whereas cows crossbred with Holstein tend to spend extra energy preferentially for milk production.
Malignant Schwannoma in an American Buffalo (Bison bison bison)
Authors: Cho H. S. , Kim Y. S. , Choi C. , Lee J. H. , Masangkay J. S. , Park N. Y. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryA case of a malignant schwannoma in a 20‐year‐old male American buffalo (Bison bison bison) from the Grand Park Zoo, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea is reported. The animal showed no apparent clinical signs before death except for wound on the neck. Grossly, neoplastic nodules of various sizes were observed on the skin, lung, heart, liver, stomach, mesentery and kidney. Histologically, the neoplastic nodules were composed of fusiform cells that formed multidirectional bundles. The tumour cells were arranged in interlacing bands and bundles. The nuclei were atypical, hyperchromatic, with blunt or round ends. In addition, few mitotic figures were observed in the skin, lung, heart, liver, stomach, intestine and kidney. Several immunohistochemical stains, e.g. vimentin, cytokeratin (CK), smooth muscle actin (SMA), S‐100 and HMB45, were used in an attempt to differentially diagnose the tumour. The neoplastic cells tested positive to S‐100, but negative to vimentin, CK, SMA and HMB45. Based on the above findings, this case was diagnosed as a malignant schwannoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a schwannoma in an American buffalo (B. b. bison).
Aegilops kotschyi and Aegilops tauschii as sources for higher levels of grain Iron and Zinc
Authors: Chhuneja P. , Dhaliwal H. S. , Bains N. S. , Singh K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMicronutrient malnutrition affects a very large proportion of the world's population. For combating micronutrient malnutrition, biofortification through genetic manipulation has been proposed as an alternative to traditional fortification for increasing the bioavailable nutrient content of food crops. Wheat, being a staple food for a large section of the world's population, is targeted for increasing the Fe and Zn content in the grains. The cultivated germplasm of wheat does not have sufficient variability for grain Fe and Zn content but the wild species of wheat do show wider variation for grain micronutrient density. The analysis of Aegilops kotschyi and A. tauschii for Fe and Zn content in the grains using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) indicated that the S and D genome species accumulate significantly higher iron and zinc in the grains than the cultivated wheats. One of the CIMMYT synthetics also had significantly higher Fe and Zn in the grains as compared with the cultivated wheats. Aegilops kotschyi as a promising source for Fe and Zn, is reported for the first time. A systematic programme to identify and utilize the additional sources for high Fe and Zn has been initiated.
Ethyloxanilates as specific male gametocides for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Chakraborty K. , Devakumar C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractInduction of male sterility by deployment of male gametocides holds immense potential in heterosis breeding of wheat. The efficacy of a new class of male gametocide for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is described: ethyloxanilates, the most active example of this class being ethyl 4‐fluorooxanilate (E4FO). E4FO induces male sterility, specifically, without detectable effects on various agronomic features and female fertility. The plants sprayed once with 0.15% E4FO exhibited 100% pollen and floret sterility without causing a significant reduction in total yield. E4FO was screened on 29 genotypes of wheat at 0.15% test concentration and was observed to induce 99.76 ± 0.37% male sterility. Thirteen F1‐hybrids of wheat were produced using the gametocide in Winter 2000–2001 and were evaluated for their agronomic performance in Winter 2001–2002. The cross combinations viz., lines WR 544 × HW 2046 and HW 2044 × WR 956 have outperformed their respective better parents by 48.17% and 23.42% in grain yield/plant and thus have potential as hybrids.
Evaluation of cold hardiness in two sets of near‐isogenic lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with polymorphic vernalization alleles
Authors: Reddy L. , Allan R. E. , Campbell K. A. Garland 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn wheat, variation at the orthologus Vrn‐1 loci, located on each of the three genomes, A, B and D, is responsible for vernalization response. A dominant Vrn‐1a allele on any of the three wheat genomes results in spring habit and the presence of recessive Vrn‐1b alleles on all three genomes results in winter habit. Two sets of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) were evaluated for DNA polymorphisms at their Vrn‐A1, B1 and D1 loci and for cold hardiness. Two winter wheat cultivars, ‘Daws’ and ‘Wanser’ were used as recurrent parents and ‘Triple Dirk’ NILs were used as donor parents for orthologous Vrn‐1 alleles. The NILs were analysed using molecular markers specific for each allele. Only 26 of 32 ‘Daws’ NILs and 23 of 32 ‘Wanser’ NILs had a plant growth habit that corresponded to the marker genotype for the markers used. Freezing tests were conducted in growth chambers programmed to cool to −21.5°C. Relative area under the death progress curve (AUDPC), with a maximum value of 100 was used as a measure of death due to freezing. The average relative AUDPC of the spring habit ‘Daws’Vrn‐A1a NILs was 86.15; significantly greater than the corresponding winter habit ‘Daws’Vrn‐A1b NILs (42.98). In contrast, all the ‘Daws’Vrn‐A1bVrn‐B1aVrn‐D1b and Vrn‐A1bVrn‐B1bVrn‐D1a NILs (spring habit) had relative AUDPC values equal to those of their ‘Daws’ sister genotypes with Vrn‐A1bVrn‐B1bVrn‐D1b NILs (winter habit). The average AUDPC of spring and winter habit ‘Wanser’ NILs differed at all three Vrn‐A1, Vrn‐B1 and Vrn‐D1 locus comparisons. We conclude that ‘Daws’ and ‘Wanser’ have different background genetic interactions with the Vrn‐1 loci influencing cold hardiness. The marker for Vrn‐A1 is diagnostic for growth habit and cold hardiness but there is no relationship between the Vrn‐B1 and Vrn‐D1 markers and the cold tolerance of the NILs used in this study.
Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium head blight in the wheat lines ‘CJ 9306’ and ‘CJ 9403’
Authors: Jiang G.‐L. , Ward R. W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB or scab) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a worldwide serious disease in wheat. Exploitation and genetic studies of elite resistance sources can speed up the development of resistant cultivars. To characterize the inheritance of host plant resistance in two new lines, ‘CJ 9306’ and ‘CJ 9403’, developed from a recurrent selection programme in China, six generations P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of four crosses and 137 F6 : 7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from one cross were evaluated in the greenhouse for scab resistance using single‐floret inoculation. The data of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in F2, backcross (BC) and RIL populations exhibited mono‐modal distributions without clear‐cut demarcations and skewing towards resistance. An additive–dominance model was well‐fitted, additive effects played a predominating role, and dominance effects were also significant. Continuous distributions with two major peaks and one minor peak for the number or percentage of scabby spikelets (NSS or PSS) in segregating populations implied the existence of major genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance. The estimates of broad‐sense and narrow‐sense heritabilities based on the six‐generation experiment were 56–76% and 26–67% respectively. The estimates of broad‐sense heritabilities based on anova with RILs were 89–90%. These two improved lines with excellent scab resistance and good agronomic traits are of interest for wheat breeding and production.
Variation of sugary1 and shrunken2 gene frequency in different maize genetic backgrounds
Authors: Revilla P. , Malvar R. A. , Rodríguez V. M. , Butrón A. , Ordás B. , Ordás A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGenotypes affect the survival of mutant genes in segregating populations. This study elucidates the effect of different maize genetic backgrounds on variation in gene frequency in sweet corn, sugary1 (su1) and sugary enhancer1 (se1), and supersweet corn, shrunken2 (sh2). Four sweet corn inbred lines and a supersweet synthetic were crossed to six field corn inbreds from diverse heterotic groups. The crosses were self‐pollinated and the F2 population was recombined twice. Gene frequencies were calculated from grain frequencies. Variation of su1 frequency differed significantly from random drift and a significant linear reduction was observed for half of the su1su1Se1Se1Sh2Sh2 × Su1Su1Se1Se1Sh2Sh2 crosses. The su1 and sh2 frequencies suffered a significant linear reduction for most su1su1se1se1Sh2Sh2 × Su1Su1Se1Se1Sh2Sh2 and Su1Su1Se1Se1sh2sh2 × Su1Su1Se1Se1Sh2Sh2 crosses, respectively. Also, the residual sums of squares, due to deviations from the linear trend, were significant for some crosses due to frequency‐dependent selection and genotypic interactions. Viability of su1 and sh2 depended on the specific sweet × field corn genotype combination but was not related to field corn heterotic groups. The se1 gene could have a detrimental effect on su1 viability.
Parentage analysis of huyou (Citrus changshanensis) based on internal transcribed spacer sequences
Authors: Xu C. J. , Bao L. , Zhang B. , Bei Z. M. , Ye X. Y. , Zhang S. L. , Chen K. S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHuyou (Citrus changshanensis K. S. Chen et C. X. Fu) citrus is a natural hybrid with unidentified parents. Previous studies have hypothesized that pummelo and sweet orange might be parents, which contradicts the higher freezing resistance of huyou citrus than both the assumed parents. In this study, the parental analysis was based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of huyou as well as six candidate parents: three mandarins, one sweet orange, one sour orange and one pummelo. Two different ITS1 sequences, with eight variable sites within the 250 bp region, were observed for huyou, which were identical only to that of sour orange and pummelo, respectively. The results indicated that huyou is most likely a hybrid between sour orange and pummelo. In addition, the application of ITS1 sequences in the phylogenetic analysis of citrus was discussed.
The influence of photoperiod on the Vrn‐H2 locus (4H) which is a major determinant of plant development and reproductive fitness traits in a facultative × winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mapping population
Authors: Karsai I. , Mészáros K. , Szűcs P. , Hayes P. M. , Láng L. , Bedő Z. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTo determine the effect of Vrn‐H2 locus on plant developmental and agronomic traits, detailed controlled environment tests involving a factorial set of vernalization and photoperiod treatments were carried out using doubled haploid lines developed from a facultative (Vrn‐H2−) × winter (Vrn‐H2+) barley cross. The allele phase at the Vrn‐H2 locus influenced heading date as well as the developmental and agronomic traits. The performance of Vrn‐H2+ lines was significantly influenced by vernalization: reproductive fitness traits showed significant decreases without vernalization. However, the effects of alleles at the Vrn‐H2 locus extended beyond simple satisfaction of the vernalization requirement. Vrn‐H2+ lines showed increased reproductive fitness compared with Vrn‐H2− lines when vernalization was followed by a long photoperiod. The responses of the two Vrn‐H2 allele classes to photoperiod duration were quite different in terms of heading date, developmental and agronomic traits. These results suggest that alleles at the Vrn‐H2 locus – and/or tightly linked gene(s) – respond primarily to the exogenous signal of vernalization (temperature), but when the vernalization requirement has been fulfilled, they also respond to photoperiod duration.
AGmFAD3Amutation in the low linolenic acid soybean mutant C1640
Authors: Chappell A. S. , Bilyeu K. D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe linolenic acid component is responsible for the flavour and odour instability of soybean oil. Thus, development of low linolenic acid soybean lines has been a major goal in crop science research. One such low linolenic acid soybean line, A5, contains a deletion of the omega‐3 fatty acid desaturase geneGmFAD3A. Another low linolenic acid soybean line, C1640, is allelic with A5, suggesting it too contains a mutation in theGmFAD3Agene. The purpose of this work was to characterize the genetic lesion in C1640 usingGmFAD3Aas a candidate gene. It could be that a premature stop codon is introduced in the gene, presumably rendering a non‐functional truncated enzyme. An assay to distinguish between the wild type and mutant alleles by using PCR followed by endonuclease digestion was developed. This assay will aid soybean breeders that are trying to incorporate the C1640 low linolenic acid trait into other lines.
Pollen and pistil morphology, in vitro pollen grain germination and crossing success of Lens cultivars and species
Authors: Fratini R. , García P. , Ruiz M. L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMorphological and in vitro germination characteristics of pollen altogether with pistil and style length were analysed, so as to carry out a morphological comparison between different lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars and wild species, as well as to correlate the morphological and functional statistics with data regarding crossing success. Pollen length and width in the different genotypes were found to have a positive and highly significant correlation with pistil and style length and in vitro pollen tube length. A cluster analysis detected two different plant groups, namely, (i) large‐seeded L. culinaris (macrosperma), and (ii) a second group formed by two subgroups, a first subgroup with L. ervoides standing alone and a second subgroup including small‐seeded L. culinaris (microsperma) and the wild L. culinaris ssp. orientalis, L. odemensis, L. nigricans. A high and significant correlation was detected between crossing success and phenotypic similarity (r > 0.98; P < 0.05), therefore implying that phenotypic similarity, based on pollen morphology and in vitro pollen length together with pistil and style length, is a good predictor of hybridization success.
A YA‐type cytoplasmic male‐sterile source in common wheat
Authors: Liu C. G. , Hou N. , Liu L. K. , Liu J. C. , Kang X. S. , Zhang A. M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) system for hybrid wheat breeding, YA‐type CMS line with the cytoplasmic mutant from the common wheat variety ‘CA8057’, was developed by the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The pollen sterility of YA‐type CMS line was easily maintained but difficult to restore. Some sterile lines with desirable agronomic performance, such as msYA‐‘CA8057’ (BC17), msYA‐‘Yuandong 6’ (BC9), msYA‐‘Jin 411’ (BC9), msYA‐‘WL1’ (BC10), msYA‐‘Yanshi 9’ (BC10), msYA‐‘BPm16’ (BC9), msYA‐‘Jindong 8’ (BC9) and msYA‐‘Jinmai 33’ (BC9), were bred and a restorer line GR1 was screened with 26 new restorer lines being developed by transferring restorer genes from GR1. It was found that abnormal phenomena occurred at the uninucleate‐pollen stage and the abortive pollen was poor in starch content and other components. The variance analysis of agronomic traits in eight sterile lines indicated that there was no general negative effect of cytoplasm. The genetic analysis for fertility restoration showed that two pairs of independent major genes (designated YARf1YARf1YArf2YArf2) and some minor genes could be involved in the fertility restoration in restorer line GR1, and YARf1 was epistatic over YARf2 for the genetic effect of fertility restoration. As a new CMS system, the YA‐type CMS line was of potential value for hybrid wheat breeding and should be further studied.