bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triglyceride-glucose Index and Mortality in a Large Regional-based Italian Database (URRAH Project)
Authors: D’Elia Lanfranco , Masulli Maria , Virdis Agostino , Casiglia Edoardo , Tikhonoff Valerie , Angeli Fabio , Barbagallo Carlo Maria , Bombelli Michele , Cappelli Federica , Cianci Rosario , Ciccarelli Michele , Cicero Arrigo F G , Cirillo Massimo , Cirillo Pietro , Dell’Oro Raffaella , Desideri Giovambattista , Ferri Claudio , Gesualdo Loreto , Giannattasio Cristina , Grassi Guido , Iaccarino Guido , Lippa Luciano , Mallamaci Francesca , Maloberti Alessandro , Masi Stefano , Mazza Alberto , Mengozzi Alessandro , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Nazzaro Pietro , Palatini Paolo , Parati Gianfranco , Pontremoli Roberto , Quarti-Trevano Fosca , Rattazzi Marcello , Reboldi Gianpaolo , Rivasi Giulia , Russo Elisa , Salvetti Massimo , Tocci Giuliano , Ungar Andrea , Verdecchia Paolo , Viazzi Francesca , Volpe Massimo , Borghi Claudio , Galletti Ferruccio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Recently, a novel index [the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index]) was considered a surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR); in addition, it was estimated to be a better expression of IR than widely used tools. Few and heterogeneous data are available on the relationship between this index and mortality risk in non-Asian populations. Therefore, we estimated the predictive role of baseline TyG on the incidence of all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in a large sample of the general population. Moreover, in consideration of the well-recognized role of serum uric acid (SUA) on CV risk and the close correlation between SUA and IR, we also evaluated the combined effect of TyG and SUA on mortality risk.

Methods
The analysis included 16 649 participants from the URRAH cohort. The risk of all-cause and CV mortality was evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier estimator and Cox multivariate analysis.

Results
During a median follow-up of 144 months, 2569 deaths occurred. We stratified the sample by the optimal cut-off point for all-cause (4.62) and CV mortality (4.53). In the multivariate Cox regression analyses, participants with TyG above cut-off had a significantly higher risk of all-cause and CV mortality than those with TyG below the cut-off. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of high levels of TyG and SUA was associated with a higher mortality risk than none or only 1 of the 2 factors.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that these TyG (a low-cost and simple, noninvasive marker) thresholds are predictive of an increased risk of mortality in a large and homogeneous general population. In addition, these results show a synergic effect of TyG and SUA on the risk of mortality.
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): Endocrine Manifestations, Pathophysiology and Treatments
Authors: Angelidi Angeliki M , Stefanakis Konstantinos , Chou Sharon H , Valenzuela-Vallejo Laura , Dipla Konstantina , Boutari Chrysoula , Ntoskas Konstantinos , Tokmakidis Panagiotis , Kokkinos Alexander , Goulis Dimitrios G , Papadaki Helen A , Mantzoros Christos S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Research on lean, energy-deficient athletic and military cohorts has broadened the concept of the Female Athlete Triad into the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) syndrome. REDs represents a spectrum of abnormalities induced by low energy availability (LEA), which serves as the underlying cause of all symptoms described within the REDs concept, affecting exercising populations of either biological sex. Both short- and long-term LEA, in conjunction with other moderating factors, may produce a multitude of maladaptive changes that impair various physiological systems and adversely affect health, well-being, and sport performance. Consequently, the comprehensive definition of REDs encompasses a broad spectrum of physiological sequelae and adverse clinical outcomes related to LEA, such as neuroendocrine, bone, immune, and hematological effects, ultimately resulting in compromised health and performance. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of REDs and associated disorders. We briefly examine current treatment recommendations for REDs, primarily focusing on nonpharmacological, behavioral, and lifestyle modifications that target its underlying cause-energy deficit. We also discuss treatment approaches aimed at managing symptoms, such as menstrual dysfunction and bone stress injuries, and explore potential novel treatments that target the underlying physiology, emphasizing the roles of leptin and the activin-follistatin-inhibin axis, the roles of which remain to be fully elucidated, in the pathophysiology and management of REDs.
In the near future, novel therapies leveraging our emerging understanding of molecules and physiological axes underlying energy availability or lack thereof may restore LEA-related abnormalities, thus preventing and/or treating REDs-related health complications, such as stress fractures, and improving performance.
Bleeding Forms
Authors: Omar Abdaljawad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This essay considers the war in Gaza from the perspective of resistance as an anticoncept. It draws inspiration from the notion of the informe (formless) as described by Georges Bataille to understand how resistance acts as a formless operation that deforms the colonial structure. It argues that resistance overflows the condition it seeks to dismantle and bring down in the world. The essay explores the difference between Bataille's account of the operation of the formless and Frantz Fanon's understanding of the tabula rasa, highlighting how resistance can break down, deform, and distort following this capacity to deform historically. However, the Palestinian resistance did not achieve the radical break, or what Frantz Fanon describes as the minimum demand of the colonized, the clean slate from which a genuine decolonization can ensue. The essay explores how the Palestinian resistance initiated on October 7 a meticulously orchestrated offensive maneuver that surpassed the spontaneous uprisings of previous intifadas. It was a calculated decision to deform the existing order. The essay points to the novel development in Palestinian resistance where the decision to instigate this process of decomposition has become wedded to a decider and a locus, while highlighting some of the pitfalls of this development. It argues that the current moment is marked by a decomposition of the colonial order without decolonization.
Protest jako forma ruchu obywatelskiego w społeczeństwie pokonfliktowym na przykładzie Republiki Serbii
Authors: Korzeniewska-Wiszniewska Mirella 
Published: March 2024

PROTEST AS A FORM OF CIVIC MOVEMENT IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETY WITH THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Civic activity, the degree of development of this activity and its multifaceted relationship with the state has been one of the most expressive manifestations of mature democracy for several decades. Citizens’ trust in bottom-up initiatives is a long-term process built in the social space where systemic democracy is present. Serbs, as a society that directly or indirectly experienced armed conflicts, entered the path of democratisation after 2000 and remained on it for about 15 years, when during the rule of the Serbian Progressive Party of Aleksander Vučić, the populist character of the rule slowed down and then reversed the democratisation processes. The aim of the article is to look at the protest as one of the most common manifestations of civic movements and to analyse the subject matter of the protests, their intensity, the possibility of influencing the political and social reality, and finally the cases of its evolution, related to its transformation into other forms of activity.
The Cyber Risk Premium
Authors: Jiang Hao , Khanna Naveen , Yang Qian , Zhou Jiayu 
Published: March 2024

Cyber risk is an important emerging source of risk in the economy. To estimate its impact on the asset market, we use machine learning techniques to develop a firm-level measure of cyber risk. The measure aggregates information from a rich set of firm characteristics and shows superior ability to forecast future cyberattacks on individual firms. We find that firms with higher cyber risk earn higher average stock returns. When these firms underperform, cybersecurity experts tend to have higher concerns about cyber risk, and cybersecurity exchange-traded funds outperform. Further tests strengthen the identification of the cyber risk premium. This paper was accepted by William Cong, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02056 .
Fixing Inventory Inaccuracies at Scale
Authors: Farias Vivek F. , Li Andrew A. , Peng Tianyi 
Published: March 2024

Problem definition: Inaccurate records of inventory occur frequently and, by some measures, cost retailers approximately 4% in annual sales. Detecting inventory inaccuracies manually is cost-prohibitive, and existing algorithmic solutions rely almost exclusively on learning from longitudinal data, which is insufficient in the dynamic environment induced by modern retail operations. Instead, we propose a solution based on cross-sectional data over stores and stock-keeping units (SKUs), viewing inventory inaccuracies as a problem of identifying anomalies in a (low-rank) Poisson matrix. State-of-the-art approaches to anomaly detection in low-rank matrices apparently fall short. Specifically, from a theoretical perspective, recovery guarantees for these approaches require that nonanomalous entries be observed with vanishingly small noise (which is not the case in our problem and, indeed, in many applications). Methodology/results: So motivated, we propose a conceptually simple entrywise approach to anomaly detection in low-rank Poisson matrices. Our approach accommodates a general class of probabilistic anomaly models. We show that the cost incurred by our algorithm approaches that of an optimal algorithm at a min-max optimal rate. Using synthetic data and real data from a consumer goods retailer, we show that our approach provides up to a 10× cost reduction over incumbent approaches to anomaly detection. Along the way, we build on recent work that seeks entrywise error guarantees for matrix completion, establishing such guarantees for subexponential matrices, a result of independent interest. Managerial implications: By utilizing cross-sectional data at scale, our novel approach provides a practical solution to the issue of inventory inaccuracies in retail operations. Our method is cost-effective and can help managers detect inventory inaccuracies quickly, leading to increased sales and improved customer satisfaction. In addition, the entrywise error guarantees that we establish are of interest to academics working on matrix-completion problems. History: This paper was selected for Fast Track in M&SOM from the 2022 MSOM Supply Chain Management SIG Conference. Funding: Financial support from the National Science Foundation Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant CMMI 1727239] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0146 .
Dentifrices. Part 2: the evidence behind their formulation
Authors: Valkenburg Cees , van der Weijden Fridus , Slot Dagmar Else 
Published: March 2024

The intricate formulations of modern dentifrices position them as one of the most sophisticated pharmaceutical products available today. Dental care professionals, tasked with providing evidence-based recommendations, encounter numerous challenges with this everyday product. This necessitates a thorough grasp of dentifrice formulations, familiarity with testing procedures, profound insights into (clinical) trials regarding proven efficacy and safety, and staying updated on current scientific literature. Additionally, recommendations must be tailored to integrate with each individual patient's oral health status, needs, and preferences. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentifrices are complex formulations, carefully prepared by the industry, which need to be proven effective in (clinical) trials, receive evidence-based recommendation from professionals, and be appreciated by end users.
Factors associated with Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among persons with disabilities: A cross-sectional study in Ghana
Authors: Atta-Osei Godfred , Acheampong Enoch , Gyaase Daniel , Tawiah Rebecca , Gyaase Theresah Ivy , Adade Richard , Fofie Douglas , Owusu Isaac , Mprah Wisdom Kwadwo 
Published: March 2024

Background
While COVID-19 has had a wide-ranging impact on individuals and societies, persons with disabilities are uniquely affected largely due to secondary health conditions and challenges in adhering to protective measures. However, research on COVID-19 and vaccine acceptance has primarily focused on the general population and healthcare workers but has specifically not targeted PwDs, who are more vulnerable within societies. Hence, this study assessed PwDs knowledge of COVID-19 and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PwDs in the Atwima Mponua District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Respondents were sampled systematically and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with STATA version 16.0. Descriptive analysis was done using means and proportions. The chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to assess Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among the respondents.

Results
250 PwDs were recruited for the study. A higher proportion of the respondents were females, physically impaired, and between 30–50 years. The majority (74%) of the PwDs had average knowledge about Covid-19. Factors such as age, educational level and type of disability were significantly associated with PwDs’ knowledge of COVID-19. The acceptance rate for COVID-19 among PwDs was 71.2%. Age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19, and educational level were significantly associated with Covid-19 vaccine acceptance. Persons with disabilities with low and average knowledge of COVID-19 were 95% and 65%, respectively, less likely to accept the vaccine compared to those with high knowledge of COVID-19 (AOR = 0.05, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.21; AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.12, 1.03). Older people and those with higher education were more likely to accept the vaccine compared to younger people and those with no or less education.

Conclusion
Persons with disabilities have average knowledge of COVID-19 and a greater percentage of them were willing to accept the vaccine. The study identified age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19, and educational level as contributing factors to their willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. This suggest that PwDs will lean positive toward COVID-19 vaccine programs and as such, vaccination programs should target them.
Prenatal phthalate exposure and sex steroid hormones in newborns: Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study
Authors: Lu Chin-Li , Wen Hui-Ju , Chen Mei-Lien , Sun Chien-Wen , Hsieh Chia-Jung , Wu Ming-Tsang , Wang Shu-Li ,   TMICS study group
Published: March 2024

Background
Newborn anogenital distance (AGD) has been associated with prenatal exposure of phthalates. The association between prenatal phthalate exposure and sex steroid hormones in newborns is unclear.

Object
This study aimed to examine whether cord-blood sex hormone levels were associated with prenatal phthalate exposure and newborn anogenital distance (AGD).

Methods
In the Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study, we recruited 1,676 pregnant women in their third trimester in 2012–2015 in Taiwan. We determined 11 urinary phthalate metabolites in pregnant women, three maternal and five cord-blood steroid sex-hormone concentrations. Five hundred and sixty-five mother-infant pairs with sufficient data were included. Trained neonatologists measured 263 newborns’ AGD. We examined the associations of prenatal phthalate metabolite levels with AGD and hormones using linear regression models and evaluated correlations between maternal and cord-blood sex hormone levels and AGD.

Results
Compared with the male newborns exposed to maternal phthalate metabolites at the first tertile, AGD was -3.75, -3.43, and -3.53 mm shorter among those exposed at the median tertile of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and monomethyl phthalate (MMP), respectively. Compared with those who had exposed at the first tertile, cord-blood follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased among male newborns exposed at higher levels of MMP, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), MBzP and DEHP, and among female newborns exposed at higher levels of MMP, MBzP and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate. However, we did not observe significant correlations of maternal or cord-blood sex steroid hormones with newborns’ AGDs.

Conclusions
Alterations in cord-blood sex steroid hormone levels were associated with prenatal phthalate exposures, particularly in male newborns. Women aspiring to be pregnant should be alerted of the need of reducing phthalate exposure.
Exploring antecedents and outcomes of burnout among emergency department staff using the job demands-resources model: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Yang Luhuan , Lei Yunhong , Chu Dongmei , Jiang Jiawei , Li Zifeng , Tang Yanhua , Anita Abd Rahman 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
High levels of burnout are prevalent among Emergency Department staff due to chronic exposure to job stress. There is a lack of knowledge about anteceding factors and outcomes of burnout in this population.

Aims
To provide a comprehensive overview of burnout and identify its workplace antecedents and outcomes among Emergency Department staff.

Methods
The scoping study will follow the methodology outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases will be searched using predefined strategies. Two reviewers will screen the title, abstract and full text separately based on the eligibility criteria. Data will be charted, coded, and narratively synthesized based on the job demands–resources model.

Conclusion
The results will provide insights into the underlying work-related factors contributing to burnout and its implications for individuals, healthcare organizations, and patient care.
Risk factors for critical COVID-19 illness during Delta- and Omicron-predominant period in Korea; using K-COV-N cohort in the National health insurance service
Authors: Lee Kyung-Shin , Go Min Jin , Choi Youn Young , Kim Min-Kyung , Seong Jaehyun , Sung Ho Kyung , Jeon Jaehyun , Jang Hee-Chang , Kim Myoung-Hee 
Published: March 2024

Background
This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Korea, and examined the relationship between severe COVID-19 cases and underlying health conditions during the Delta (September 20, 2021 to December 4, 2021) and the Omicron (February 20, 2022 to March 31, 2022) predominant period.

Methods
This study assessed the association between critical COVID-19 illness and various risk factors, including a variety of underlying health conditions, using multiple logistic regression models based on the K-COV-N cohort, a nationwide data of confirmed COVID-19 cases linked with COVID-19 vaccination status and the National Health Insurance claim information.

Results
We analyzed 137,532 and 8,294,249 cases of COVID-19 infection during the Delta and the Omicron variant dominant periods, respectively. During the Delta as well as the Omicron period, old age (≥80 years) showed the largest effect size among risk factors for critical COVID-19 illness (aOR = 18.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.71–22.23 for the Delta; aOR = 24.07; 95% CI = 19.03–30.44 for the Omicron period). We found that patients with solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, unvaccinated, and interstitial lung disease had more than a two-fold increased risk of critical COVID-19 outcomes between the Delta and Omicron periods. However, risk factors such as urban residence, underweight, and underlying medical conditions, including chronic cardiac diseases, immunodeficiency, and mental disorders, had different effects on the development of critical COVID-19 illness between the Delta and Omicron periods.

Conclusion
We found that the severity of COVID-19 infection was much higher for the Delta variant than for the Omicron. Although the Delta and the Omicron variant shared many risk factors for critical illness, several risk factors were found to have different effects on the development of critical COVID-19 illness between those two variants. Close monitoring of a wide range of risk factors for critical illness is warranted as new variants continue to emerge during the pandemic.
Prosedur Menunda Minum saat Transfusi Sel Darah Merah dan Kejadian Enterokolitis Nekrotikans pada Bayi Prematur
Authors: Mardhotillah Afiffa , Marsubrin Putri Maharani Tristanita 
Published: March 2024

Bayi prematur memiliki risiko menderita komplikasi akibat prematuritas dan luarannya sangat berhubungan dengan usia gestasi. Di antara berbagai komplikasi, enterekolitis nekrotikans merupakan komplikasi yang perlu diwaspadai pada bayi prematur. Patogenesis terjadinya masih belum dipahami secara penuh. Prematuritas menjadi satu-satunya faktor risiko yang konsisten ditemukan dalam studi mengenai enterekolitis nekrotikans, tetapi diyakini bahwa etiologinya bersifat multifaktorial. Saat ini, mulai banyak penelitian yang juga mengaitkan enterekolitis nekrotikans dengan transfusi sel darah merah atau dikenal sebagai transfusion associated necrotizing enterocolitis. Berbagai upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya enterekolitis nekrotikans dilakukan, salah satunya dengan melakukan prosedur menunda minum saat transfusi sel darah merah. Tujuan dari telaah ini adalah untuk memaparkan berbagai pandangan dan penelitian terkait penerapan prosedur menunda minum saat transfusi sel darah merah dan kaitannya dengan angka kejadian enterekolitis nekrotikans.
Healthcare Costs of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtypes in the United States
Authors: Shin Andrea , Xu Huiping 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Contemporaneous data on healthcare costs of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the United States are lacking. We aimed to estimate all-cause and IBS-specific costs in patients with and without IBS and to compare costs across IBS subtypes.

METHODS:
Using Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with and without IBS using data spanning 2016–2021. Patients with IBS were identified by ICD-10 codes. Controls were randomly selected from Clinformatics Data Mart Database participants. Primary outcomes were total all-cause and IBS-specific healthcare costs. Secondary outcomes were costs of individual services associated with any claim. Costs were compared between IBS and control groups and across IBS subtypes using propensity score weighting. Comorbidities were measured with the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index.

RESULTS:
Comparison of 102,887 patients with IBS (77.9% female; mean ± SD age 60.3 ± 18.4 years; 75.8% white) and 102,887 controls demonstrated higher median (interquartile range) total costs per year (P < 0.001) for patients with IBS ($13,288 [5,307–37,071]) than controls ($5,999 [1,800–19,426]). IBS was associated with increased healthcare utilization and higher median annual costs per patient for all services. Median (interquartile range) annual IBS-specific spending was $1,127 (370–5,544) per patient. Propensity score–weighted analysis across IBS subtypes revealed differences in total all-cause and IBS-specific costs and in costs of individual services. Highest spending was observed in IBS with constipation (all-cause $16,005 [6,384–43,972]; IBS-specific $2,222 [511–7,887]).

DISCUSSION:
Individuals with IBS exhibit higher healthcare utilization and incur substantially higher all-cause costs than those without. Care costs differ by IBS subtype.