bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential synaptic changes in the striatum of subjects with undifferentiated versus paranoid schizophrenia
Authors: Roberts Rosalinda C. , Roche Joy K. , Conley Robert R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSubjects with schizophrenia (SZ) have an increased density of synapses characteristic of corticostriatal or thalamostriatal glutamatergic inputs in the caudate matrix and putamen patches. SZ is a heterogeneous disease in many aspects including symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the synaptic organization in two different DSM‐i.v. subgroups of SZ was differentially affected. Postmortem striatal tissue was obtained from the Maryland Brain Collection from normal controls (NC), chronic paranoid SZs (SZP), and chronic undifferentiated SZs (SZU). Tissue was prepared for calbindin immunocytochemistry to identify patch matrix compartments, prepared for electron microscopy and analyzed using stereological methods. The synaptic density of asymmetric synapses, characteristic of glutamatergic inputs, was elevated equivalently in striatal patches in the SZP and SZU versus NC. The SZU also had an increased density of asymmetric synapses in the striatal matrix compared to NC. Moreover, symmetric axospinous synapses, characteristic of intrinsic inhibitory inputs and dopaminergic afferents, showed a dichotomy in synaptic density between the SZU and SZP in the striatal and caudate matrix. These data show discreet differences in synaptic organization between SZU and SZP and/or NCs. The results suggest that abnormal corticostriatal and/or corticothalamic inputs to striatal patches may be related to limbic dysfunction, which is perturbed in both subtypes of SZ. The selective increase in axospinous synapses in the matrix of the SZU subgroup compared to the SZP may be related to more severe cognitive problems in that subset of SZ compared to SZP. Synapse 62:616–627, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal placement and routing strategies for resilient two‐tiered sensor networks
Authors: Bari Ataul , Jaekel Arunita , Bandyopadhyay Subir 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn hierarchical sensor networks using relay nodes, sensor nodes are arranged in clusters and higher poweredrelay nodescan be used as cluster heads. The lifetime of such a network is determined primarily by the lifetime of the relay nodes. In this paper, we propose two new integer linear programs (ILPs) formulations for optimal data gathering, which maximize the lifetime of the upper tier relay node network. Unlike most previous approaches considered in the literature, our formulations can generate optimal solutions under thenon‐flow‐splitting model. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can significantly extend network lifetime, compared to traditional routing schemes, for the non‐flow‐splitting model. The lifetime can be further enhanced by periodic updates of the routing strategy based on the residual energy at each relay node. The proposed rescheduling scheme can be used to handle single or multiple relay node failures. We have also presented a very simple and straightforward algorithm for the placement of relay nodes. The placement algorithm guarantees that all the sensor nodes can communicate with at least one relay node and that the relay node network is at least 2‐connected. This means that failure of a single relay node will not disconnect the network, and data may be routed around the failed node. The worst case performance of the placement algorithm is bounded by a constant with respect to any optimum placement algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent allopolyploid origin of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii strain ATCC 42981
Authors: Gordon Jonathan L. , Wolfe Kenneth H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractZygosaccharomyces rouxii strain ATCC 42981 has been reported to have two copies of several genes including HOG1 and SOD2, whereas the type strain of Z. rouxii (CBS 732) has only one. To investigate the structure of the ATCC 42981 genome we sequenced random fragments from this genome and compared the data to the type strain. We found that ATCC 42981 contains two versions of the ribosomal RNA array, one of which is identical in the ITS1–ITS2 and 26S D1/D2 regions to Z. rouxii CBS 732, while the other is almost identical to a species provisionally named Z. pseudorouxii. We found that most genomic regions from Z. rouxii CBS 732 map in a one‐to‐two fashion to pairs of regions in ATCC 42981, with one of the ATCC 42981 regions having 97–100% DNA sequence identity to CBS 732 and the other having about 80–90% identity. Complete sequencing of regions containing 30 pairs of genes from ATCC 42981 and their orthologues in CBS 732 showed no evidence of the gene deletions or pseudogene formation that might be expected if ATCC 42981 had undergone whole‐genome duplication several million years ago and was in the early stages of gene loss. Instead, we conclude that ATCC 42981 is a Z. rouxii–Z. pseudorouxii interspecies hybrid that was formed so recently that its genome has not had time to decay. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Standardized Perioperative Surgical Site Infection Care Process Among Children with Stoma Closure: A Before–After Study
Authors: Porras‐Hernandez Juan , Bracho‐Blanchet Eduardo , Tovilla‐Mercado Jose , Vilar‐Compte Diana , Nieto‐Zermeño Jaime , Davila‐Perez Roberto , Teyssier‐Morales Gustavo , Lule‐Dominguez Martha 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundWe report on the effectiveness of a standardized perioperative care process for lowering surgical site infection (SSI) rates among children with stoma closure at a tertiary‐care public pediatric teaching hospital in Mexico City.MethodsAll consecutive children with stoma closure operated on between November 2003 and October 2005 were prospectively followed for 30 days postoperatively. We conducted a before–after study to evaluate standardized perioperative bowel‐ and abdominal‐wall care process results on SSI rates.ResultsSeventy‐one patients were operated on, and all completed follow‐up. SSI rates declined from 42.8% (12/28) before to 13.9% (6/43) after the standardization procedure (relative risk (RR) = 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–7.2; p = 0.006). SSI independently associated risk factors comprised peristomal skin inflammation >3 mm (odds ratio (OR) = 9.6; 95% CI = 1.8–49.6; p = 0.007) and intraoperative complications (OR = 13.3; 95% CI = 1.4–127.2; p = 0.02). Being operated on during the after‐study period was shown to be a protective factor against SSI (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.4–0.97; p = 0.04).ConclusionStandardization was able to reduce SSI rates threefold in children with stoma closure in a short period of time.
Clinical outcomes in pediatric hemodialysis patients in the USA: lessons from CMS’ ESRD CPM Project
Authors: Neu Alicia M. , Frankenfield Diane L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAlthough prospective randomized trials have provided important information and allowed the development of evidence-based guidelines in adult hemodialysis (HD) patients, with approximately 800 prevalent pediatric HD patients in the United States, such studies are difficult to perform in this population. Observational data obtained through the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS’) End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Clinical Performance Measures (CPM) Project have allowed description of the clinical care provided to pediatric HD patients as well as identification of risk factors for failure to reach adult targets for clinical parameters such as hemoglobin, single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and serum albumin. In addition, studies linking data from the ESRD CPM Project and the United States Renal Data System have allowed evaluation of associations between achievement of those targets and the outcomes of hospitalization and death. The results of those studies, while unable to prove cause and effect, suggest that the adult ESRD CPM targets may assist in identifying pediatric HD patients at risk for poor outcomes.
Skills training in minimally invasive surgery in Dutch obstetrics and gynecology residency curriculum
Authors: Hiemstra Ellen , Kolkman Wendela , Jansen Frank Willem 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe complexity of acquiring minimally invasive surgical (MIS) skills, combined with smaller case volumes for residents have pushed the development of skills training facilities on simulators outside the operating room (OR). Medico-legal and financial constraints have stimulated this development even more. However, the implementation of simulator training into a residency curriculum is shown to be troublesome. MIS skills training is organized in a uniform and easily applicable way in the Dutch obstetrics and gynecology residency curriculum. Every resident is obliged to attend the same basic surgical skills course, named Cobra-alpha course, intentionally during postgraduate year (PGY) 1 or 2. Furthermore, surgical skills are trained, evaluated and expanded on simulators in teaching hospitals. Additional to the Cobra-alpha course, residents may attend advanced training courses and congresses focusing on laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. This organization guarantees a uniform introduction to MIS skills training for every resident. However, preconditions for continuous training and evaluation after this introduction have to be optimized.
Renal tubular function in children with tyrosinaemia type I treated with nitisinone
Authors: Santra S. , Preece M. A. , Hulton S.‐A. , McKiernan P. J. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryBackground:Tyrosinaemia type I (TTI) is an inherited deficiency in the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase and is frequently complicated by renal tubular dysfunction which may persist in some patients after hepatic transplantation. Nitisinone has revolutionized the management of TTI but its effect on renal tubular dysfunction has not been described in a large cohort of patients.Aims:To document the incidence and progression of renal tubular dysfunction in children with TTI treated with nitisinone at a single centre.Subjects:Twenty‐one patients with TTI from a single centre were treated with nitisinone for at least 12 months. Median age at first treatment was 17 weeks (range 1 week to 27 months). Nine patients (43%) presented in acute liver failure, seven (33%) had a chronic presentation and five (24%) were detected pre‐clinically.Methods:A retrospective case analysis of plasma phosphate, urinary protein/creatinine ratio and tubular reabsorption of phosphate was performed for all patients as markers of tubular function. Renal ultrasounds were examined for evidence of nephrocalcinosis and where available, skeletal radiographs for rickets.Results:All patients had biochemical evidence of renal tubular dysfunction at presentation. After nitisinone and dietary treatment were started, all three markers normalized within one year. Four children had clinical rickets at presentation (which improved), of whom one had nephrocalcinosis, which did not reverse on nitisinone. No child redeveloped tubular dysfunction after commencing nitisinone.Summary:All patients with TTI had evidence of tubular dysfunction at presentation and in all cases this resolved with nitisinone and dietary control.Conclusion:The tubulopathy associated with TTI is reversible.
Twenty‐four‐month α‐galactosidase A replacement therapy in Fabry disease has only minimal effects on symptoms and cardiovascular parameters
Authors: Koskenvuo J. W. , Hartiala J. J. , Nuutila P. , Kalliokoski R. , Viikari J. S. , Engblom E. , Penttinen M. , Knuuti J. , Mononen I. , Kantola I. M. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryFabry disease is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of α‐galactosidase A enzyme activity. Decreased enzyme activity leads to accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different tissues including endothelial cells and smooth‐muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, and cardiovascular complications are common in the disease. Since 2001, specific enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with α‐galactosidase A has been available. It has been reported to improve clinical symptoms and quality of life. However, limited and controversial data on its efficacy to cardiac involvement have been published. Nine patients (5 male) with Fabry disease were included in an open‐label prospective follow‐up study of 24‐month ERT. Comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation was performed by MRI, stress echocardiography and quality of life assessment. Plasma globotriaosylceramide decreased from 6.2 to 1.4 μg/ml during ERT (p<0.05). The only other measured parameters that changed significantly were resting heart rate that decreased from 79 to 67 bpm (p<0.01) and end‐systolic volume that decreased by 12.4 ml (p<0.05). The other parameters consisting of quality of life, self‐estimated cardiovascular condition, diastolic function, exercise capacity, ECG parameters, ejection fraction and ventricular mass did not change. ERT has only minimal effect on symptoms and cardiovascular morphology and function in Fabry disease. Therefore, effective conventional medical therapy is still of major importance in Fabry disease. Larger ERT studies are warranted, especially in women, to solve current open questions, such as the age at which ERT should be started, optimal dosage and intervals between infusions. Furthermore, longer follow‐up studies are needed to assess the effects of ERT on prognosis.
Vitamin E Transfer from Lipid Emulsions to Plasma Lipoproteins: Mediation by Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Hacquebard M. , Vandenbranden M. , Malaisse W. J. , Ruysschaert J. M. , Deckelbaum R. J. , Carpentier Y. A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present study determined alpha‐tocopherol mass transfer from an alpha‐tocopherol‐rich emulsion to LDL and HDL, and assessed the potential of different mechanisms to modulate alpha‐tocopherol transfers. Emulsion particles rich in alpha‐tocopherol were incubated in vitro with physiological concentrations of LDL or HDL. The influence of plasma proteins was assessed by adding human lipoprotein poor plasma (LPP) fraction with intact vs heat inactivated PLTP, or with a specific cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor, or by adding purified PLTP or pig LPP which lacks CETP activity. After 4 h incubation in absence of LPP, alpha‐tocopherol content was increased by ~80% in LDL and ~160% in HDL. Addition of LPP markedly enhanced alpha‐tocopherol transfer leading to 350–400% enrichment in LDL or HDL at 4 h. Higher (~10 fold) enrichment was achieved after 20 h incubation with LPP. Facilitation of alpha‐tocopherol transfer was (i) more than 50% higher with human vs pig LPP (despite similar PLTP phospholipid transfer activity), (ii) reduced by specific CETP activity inhibition, (iii) not fully suppressed by heat inactivation, and (iv) not restored by purified PLTP. In conclusion, alpha‐tocopherol content in LDL and HDL can be markedly raised by rapid transfer from an alpha‐tocopherol‐rich emulsion. Our results indicate that alpha‐tocopherol mass transfer between emulsion particles and lipoproteins is mediated by more than one single mechanism and that this transfer may be facilitated not only by PLTP but likely also by other plasma proteins such as CETP.
Farnesol Decreases Serum Triglycerides in Rats: Identification of Mechanisms Including Up‐Regulation of PPARα and Down‐Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthase in Hepatocytes
Authors: Duncan Robin E. , Archer Michael C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObesity is associated with impaired fatty acid (FA) oxidation and increased de novo hepatic lipogenesis that may contribute to the development of hypertriglyceridemia, an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Strategies to improve hepatocyte FA metabolism, including dietary interventions, are therefore important for the prevention of obesity‐associated co‐morbidities. Farnesol is consumed in the diet as a component of plant products. In the present study, we administered farnesol orally to rats for seven days and found significantly reduced serum triglyceride concentrations compared with controls. Potential mechanisms underlying the hypotriglyceridemic effect of farnesol were investigated using clone‐9 cultured rat hepatocytes. Farnesol significantly upregulated expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and the PPARα‐regulated genes fatty acyl‐CoA oxidase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a, suggesting that increased hepatic FA oxidation may contribute to serum triglyceride lowering in rats. Farnesol did not change SREBP‐1c mRNA levels, but significantly down‐regulated fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA and protein levels and activity, indicating that attenuated lipogenesis may also contribute to hypotriglyceridemic effects of farnesol in vivo. Rescue experiments revealed that down‐regulation of FAS by farnesol was not related to activation of PPARα, but rather was caused by a 9‐cisretinoic acid mediated mechanism that involved down‐regulation of retinoid X receptor β. Diets rich in plant products are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Our findings suggest that farnesol may contribute to this protective effect by lowering serum TG levels.
Empathic accuracy and adolescent romantic relationships
Authors: Haugen Peter T. , Welsh Deborah P. , McNulty James K. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTAlthough theoretical insights suggest that empathic accuracy should emerge to play a role in adolescents’ romantic relationships, the nature of any such role remains unknown. The current study examined whether empathic accuracy: (1) was developmentally based, (2) differed across gender, and (3) was associated with adolescents’ satisfaction with their romantic relationships. Participants were 204 male–female couples who ranged between 14 and 21 years of age and had been dating between 4 weeks and 5 years. On average, both male and female adolescents showed high levels of empathic accuracy that were positively associated with their own and their partners’ relationship satisfaction. However, the direction of the associations that emerged, and gender differences in them, depended in part on the type of information being perceived. For instance, while both males’ and females’ accuracy for discomfort and conflict were positively associated with partners’ satisfaction, males’—but not females’—accuracy for connection was negatively associated with their satisfaction, and females’—but not males’—accuracy for persuasion was positively associated with partners’ satisfaction. Empathic accuracy was not significantly associated with age or relationship length. Taken together, these results reveal that a complete picture of empathic accuracy requires research on perceptions of various types of information.
Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology 2008: Carisma, Trends, meta‐analysis of Cox‐2 studies, Hat, on‐Target, Hyvet, Accomplish, Momentum, Protect, Horizon‐hf and Reverse
Authors: Cleland John G.F. , Coletta Alison P. , Yassin Ashraf , Hado Hussien , Cullington Damien , Abdellah Ahmed Tageldien , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article provides information and a commentary on trials relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of heart failure, presented at the American College of Cardiology. Unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as analyses may change in the final publication.CARISMA investigated the use of implantable loop recorders for detecting life‐threatening arrhythmias in patients with LVSD after MI and found that brady‐ and ventricular tachy‐arrhythmias predicted an adverse prognosis. The TRENDS study showed that the burden of atrial fibrillation detected by pacemakers or defibrillators predicted the risk of embolic events but not with sufficient precision to justify changes in anti‐thrombotic management. A meta‐analysis of six trials reported an increased cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib, particularly for heart failure, which was related to dose and baseline cardiovascular risk. The HAT study failed to show a benefit of providing post‐MI patients with a home defibrillator. MOMENTUM, a study of a device designed to augment aortic blood flow, was stopped early due to increased bleeding risk. Results from PROTECT support the use of rolofylline 30 mg/day in acute heart failure, a definitive study is now underway. Istaroxime, an agent that appears to have both inotropic and lusitropic effects, improved haemodynamics when added to standard therapy in patients stabilised after admission with heart failure in HORIZON‐HF. The REVERSE study suggested that CRT improves ventricular function and reduces morbidity even in patients with few or no symptoms of heart failure and may delay or prevent worsening heart failure.
On the Lie enveloping algebra of a pre-Lie algebra
Authors: Oudom J.-M. , Guin D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe construct an associative product on the symmetric module S(L) of any pre-Lie algebra L. It turns S(L) into a Hopf algebra which is isomorphic to the enveloping algebra of LLie. Then we prove that in the case of rooted trees our construction gives the Grossman-Larson Hopf algebra, which is known to be the dual of the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra. We also show that symmetric brace algebras and pre-Lie algebras are the same. Finally, we give a similar interpretation of the Hopf algebra of planar rooted trees.
Lefschetz Decompositions for Quotient Varieties
Authors: Akhtar Reza , Joshua Roy 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn an earlier paper, the authors constructed an explicit Chow-Künneth decomposition for the quotient of an abelian variety by the action of a finite group. In the present paper, the authors extend the techniques used there to obtain an explicit Lefschetz decomposition for such quotient varieties.
The K-theory of the C*-algebra of foliations by slope components
Authors: Oikonomides Catherine 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe compute the K-theory of the C*-algebra for a large class of foliations of the 3-torus, which contains in particular all smooth foliated circle bundles over the 2-torus. This generalizes a well-known result of Torpe. We show that the rank of the K-theory groups reflect part of the geometrical aspect of the foliation. To illustrate these results, we compute some concrete examples, including a case where both K-theory groups have infinite rank.
Fiberwise KK-equivalence of continuous fields of C*-algebras
Authors: Dadarlat Marius 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLet A and B be separable nuclear continuous C(X)-algebras over a finite dimensional compact metrizable space X. It is shown that an element σ of the parametrized Kasparov group KKX(A,B) is invertible if and only all its fiberwise components σx ∈ KK(A(x),B(x)) are invertible. This criterion does not extend to infinite dimensional spaces since there exist nontrivial unital separable continuous fields over the Hilbert cube with all fibers isomorphic to the Cuntz algebra . Several applications to continuous fields of Kirchberg algebras are given. It is also shown that if each fiber of a separable nuclear continuous C(X)-algebra A over a finite dimensional locally compact space X satisfies the UCT, then A satisfies the UCT.
Motivic decomposition of anisotropic varieties of type F4into generalized Rost motives
Authors: Nikolenko S. , Semenov N. , Zainoulline K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe prove that the Chow motive of an anisotropic projective homogeneous variety of type F4is isomorphic to the direct sum of twisted copies of a generalized Rost motive. In particular, we provide an explicit construction of a generalized Rost motive for a generically splitting variety for a symbol in. We also establish a motivic isomorphism between two anisotropic non-isomorphic projective homogeneous varieties of type F4. All our results hold for Chow motives with integral coefficients.