bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheal rupture associated with intubation in cats: 20 cases (1996–1998)
Authors: Mitchell Susan L. , McCarthy Robert , Rudloff Elke , Pernell Robert T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize clinical features of tracheal rupture associated with endotracheal intubation in cats and to evaluate the most appropriate treatment for this condition.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—20 cats with a history of endotracheal intubation that subsequently developed dyspnea or subcutaneous emphysema.Procedure—Medical records of cats with a presumptive diagnosis of tracheal rupture associated with intubation were reviewed. Clinical and clinicopathologic data were retrieved.Results—Cats were evaluated 5 hours to 12 days after a surgical or medical procedure requiring general anesthesia with intubation had been performed. Fourteen (70%) cats were evaluated after dental prophylaxis. All cats radiographed had pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. Eighteen of 19 cats were initially treated medically. Duration of medical treatment for cats that did not have surgery ranged from 12 to 72 hours. Cats that had surgery received medical treatment 3 to 24 hours prior to the surgical procedure. Medical treatment alone was administered to 15 cats that had moderate dyspnea, whereas surgical treatment was chosen for 4 cats that had severe dyspnea (open-mouth breathing despite treatment with oxygen) or worsening subcutaneous emphysema. Eighteen cats had improvement of clinical signs, 1 cat died after surgery, and 1 cat died before medical or surgical intervention.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Most cats with tracheal rupture associated with intubation can be treated medically. Cats with worsening clinical signs (severe dyspnea, suspected pneumothorax, or worsening subcutaneous emphysema) should have surgery performed immediately to correct the defect. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1592–1595)
Isolation of respiratory bovine coronavirus, other cytocidal viruses, and Pasteurella spp from cattle involved in two natural outbreaks of shipping fever
Authors: Storz Johannes , Purdy Charles W. , Lin Xiaoqing , Burrell Mamie , Truax Robert E. , Briggs Robert E. , Frank Glynn H. , Loan Raymond W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify cytocidal viruses andPasteurellaspp that could be isolated from cattle involved in 2 natural outbreaks of shipping fever.Design—105 and 120 castrated male 4- to 8-monthold feedlot cattle involved in 1997 and 1998 outbreaks, respectively.Animals—Nasal swab specimens and blood samples were collected, and cattle were vaccinated on arrival at an order-buyer barn from 4 local auction houses. Four days later, they were transported to a feedlot, and additional nasal swab specimens and blood samples were collected. Nasal swab specimens were submitted for virus isolation and bacterial culture; blood samples were submitted for measurement of respiratory bovine coronavirus (RBCV) hemagglutinin inhibition titers.Results—93 of 105 cattle and 106 of 120 cattle developed signs of respiratory tract disease during 1997 and 1998, respectively, and RBCV was isolated from 81 and 89 sick cattle, respectively, while at the orderbuyer's barn or the day after arrival at the feedlot. During the 1997 outbreak, bovine herpesvirus 1 was isolated from 2 cattle at the order-buyer's barn and from 5 cattle 7 and 14 days after arrival at the feedlot, and parainfluenza virus 3 was isolated from 4 cattle 14 days after arrival at the feedlot. During the 1998 outbreak, bovine herpesvirus 1 was isolated from 2 cattle at the order-buyer's barn and on arrival at the feedlot and from 5 cattle 7 and 14 days after arrival at the feedlot, and parainfluenza virus 3 was isolated from 1 animal the day of, and from 18 cattle 7 and 14 days after, arrival at the feedlot.Pasteurellaspp was cultured from 4 and 6 cattle at the order-buyer's barn and from 92 and 72 cattle on arrival at the feedlot during the 1997 and 1998 outbreaks, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that RBCV may play a causative role in outbreaks of shipping fever in cattle. More than 80% of the sick cattle shed RBCV at the beginning of 2 outbreaks when thePasteurellaspp infection rate was low. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1599–1604)
Prognostic factors and patterns of treatment failure in dogs with unresectable differentiated thyroid carcinomas treated with megavoltage irradiation
Authors: Théon Alain P. , Marks Stanley L. , Feldman Edward S. , Griffey Steven 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine quality and duration of progression-free survival (PFS) time in dogs with unresectable thyroid carcinomas treated with definitive megavoltage irradiation and analyze prognostic factors of PFS and patterns of failure (local recurrence vs metastasis).Design—Prospective clinical trial.Animals—25 dogs with locally advanced thyroid carcinomas and no evidence of metastasis.Procedure—Dogs were treated with 48 Gy during 4 weeks on an alternate-day schedule of 4 Gy/fraction.Results—Irradiation was safe and effective for treatment of large unresectable thyroid carcinomas. Progression-free survival rates were 80% at 1 year and 72% at 3 years. Time to maximum tumor size reduction ranged from 8 to 22 months. Factors affecting PFS were not found. Twenty-eight percent (7/25) of dogs developed metastasis. Dogs with bilateral tumors had 16 times the risk of developing metastases, compared with dogs with a single tumor. Dogs with no evidence of tumor progression had 15 times less risk of developing metastases. Radiation-induced hypothyroidism was suspected in 2 dogs 13 and 29 months after irradiation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Irradiation is effective for local control of thyroid tumors, despite their slow regression rate. Results provided evidence that local tumor control affects metastatic outcome in dogs with thyroid carcinomas and is a strong basis for the development of new approaches that include irradiation in the management of dogs with advanced thyroid carcinomas. Improvements in local tumor control alone may be insufficient to improve survival times because of the high risk of metastatic spread before an initial diagnosis is made, which warrants initiation of early systemic treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216: 1775–1779)
Risk factors for enterolithiasis among horses in Texas
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Vontur Cynthia A. , Rakestraw Peter C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify risk factors for enterolithiasis in horses.Design—Matched case-control study.Animals—26 horses with enteroliths, 104 horses with other causes of colic that underwent surgery (52 horses, surgical control group) or were treated medically (52 horses, nonsurgical control group).Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for horses with enteroliths and control horses. Information collected included signalment, anamnesis, and findings on physical examination and clinicopathologic testing at admission. Horses with enteroliths and control horses were compared by means of conditional logistic regression to identify factors associated with enterolithiasis.Results—Horses that were fed alfalfa hay, spent ≤ 50% of time outdoors, or were Arabian or miniature breeds had an increased risk of developing enteroliths. Horses with enteroliths were more likely to have been hyperbilirubinemic and to have had clinical signs > 12 hours prior to admission.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Breed and diet appear to influence the risk of enterolithiasis; other management factors also may influence development of enteroliths. Duration of clinical signs may be longer and signs may be less severe among horses with enteroliths, compared with horses with other causes of colic. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1787–1794)
Arthroscopic removal of patellar fracture fragments in horses: five cases (1989–1998)
Authors: Marble George P. , Sullins Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of arthroscopy as the primary method for removal of large patellar fracture fragments.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—5 performance horses of various breeds with patellar fractures.Procedure—Clinical signs of lameness, external evidence of injury, and radiography were used to diagnose and determine fracture orientation. Arthroscopy of the stifle joint was performed on the affected limb with the horse positioned in dorsal recumbency and under general anesthesia. Progress after surgery was determined by evaluating medical records and via telephone conversations with owners.Results—4 of 5 horses had fractures of the medial aspect of the patella and 1 horse had a fracture of the lateral aspect of the patella. There were no postoperative complications with the joint or the arthroscopic portal incisions. Recovery periods ranged from 3 to 5 months. All horses recovered completely from surgery, and performed at the same or higher level of competition as before arthroscopy.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Femoropatellar joint arthroscopy is a favorable means by which evaluation of the stifle joint and removal of large fracture fragments can be achieved with negligible postoperative complications. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1799–1801)
Assessment of five portable blood glucose meters, a point-of-care analyzer, and color test strips for measuring blood glucose concentration in dogs
Authors: Cohn Leah A. , McCaw Dudley L. , Tate Deborah J. , Johnson Jane C. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare blood glucose concentrations
obtained using a point-of-care (POC) analyzer, 5 portable
blood glucose meters (PBGM), and a color reagent test
strip with concentrations obtained using a reference
method, and to compare glucose concentrations
obtained using fresh blood samples in the PBGM with
concentrations obtained using blood anticoagulated
with lithium heparin.

Design—Case series.
Sample Population—110 blood samples from 34
dogs; glucose concentration of the samples ranged
from 41 to 596 mg/dl.

Procedure—Logistic regression was used to compare
blood glucose concentrations obtained with the
various devices with reference method concentrations.
Ease of use was evaluated subjectively.
Percentage of times a clinical decision would have
been altered if results of each of these methods had
been used, rather than results of the reference
method, was calculated.

Results—For 3 of the PBGM, blood glucose concentrations
obtained with fresh blood were not significantly
different from concentrations obtained with
blood samples anticoagulated with lithium heparin.
None of the devices provided results statistically
equivalent to results of the reference method, but the
POC analyzer was more accurate than the others. For
some samples, reliance on results of the PBGM or
the color test strip would have resulted in erroneous
clinical decisions.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although
commercially available PBGM and color test strips
provided blood glucose concentrations reasonably
close to those obtained with reference methods,
some devices were more accurate than others. Use
of results from these devices could lead to erroneous
clinical decisions in some cases. ( J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2000;216:198–202)
Visceral mast cell tumors in dogs: 10 cases (1982–1997)
Authors: Takahashi Tomoko , Kadosawa Tsuyoshi , Nagase Masayuki , Matsunaga Satoru , Mochizuki Manabu , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To characterize the clinical features of visceral
mast cell tumors (MCT) without associated cutaneous
involvement in dogs.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—10 dogs with histologically confirmed MCT
without associated cutaneous lesions.

Procedure—Information on signalment, clinical signs,
laboratory examinations, and time from first admission
to death was obtained from the medical record
of each dog.

Results—Purebred male dogs of miniature breeds
appeared to have a higher prevalence of visceral MCT.
Clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, vomiting,
and diarrhea. Anemia (n = 7), hypoproteinemia (5), and
mastocythemia (5) were detected. Treatments, including
glucocorticoids, were not successful. Primary sites
of tumors were the gastrointestinal tract (n = 6) and
the spleen or liver (1); the primary site was not confirmed
in the remaining 3 dogs. In 7 dogs, tumors
were categorized as grade II or III, on the basis of histologic
findings. The prognoses were poor, and all
dogs died within 2 months after first admission.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Visceral MCT
is uncommon in dogs, and the prognosis is extremely
poor. Biological behavior and drug susceptibility of
visceral MCT may be different from cutaneous MCT.
The lack of specific clinical signs may result in delay of
a definitive diagnosis. The rapid progression of clinical
signs and difficulty in diagnosis contributes to a short
survival time. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;216:
222–226)
Complications associated with the use of indwelling epidural catheters in dogs: 81 cases (1996–1999)
Authors: Swalander David B. , Crowe Dennis T. , Hittenmiller Donald H. , Jahn Pamela J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate complications associated with use of indwelling epidural catheters in dogs in a clinical setting.Design—Retrospective clinical study.Animals—81 client-owned dogs.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for dogs in which a 19-gauge epidural catheter was placed percutaneously at L7-S1and advanced to the point of maximum efficacy for pain control (between L7and T4, depending on the procedure). Catheters were used to provide perioperative epidural analgesia during surgeries that included perineal (n = 6), hind limb (33), abdominal (43), thoracic (5), forelimb (2), and cervical (1) procedures.Results—Catheters were maintained in situ from 1 to 7 days (mean, 2.3 days; median, 2.0 days). Sixty-four dogs did not have complications; 17 dogs had minor complications. Catheter dislodgement was the most common complication (13/80 [16%] dogs). Catheter site contamination without inflammation developed in 2 (2.4%) dogs; inflammation at the catheter site developed in 2 (2.4%) dogs but was not related to duration of time the catheter was in place. Complications were not serious and did not require treatment other than catheter removal. Dogs that dislodged their catheters were significantly younger (mean, 2.9 years; median, 2.0 years) than other dogs (mean, 6.2 years; median, 6.0 years). Dogs that received femoral fracture repair dislodged their catheters more often (62.5%) than dogs undergoing other procedures (10.9%).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The complication rate associated with temporary epidural catheterization of dogs appears to be low, and complications generally are not serious. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:368–370)
Incidence of and breed-related risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs
Authors: Glickman Lawrence T. , Glickman Nita W. , Schellenberg Diana B. , Raghavan Malathi , Lee Tana L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare incidence of and breed-related risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) among 11 dog breeds (Akita, Bloodhound, Collie, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Irish Wolfhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Standard Poodle, and Weimaraner).Design—Prospective cohort study.Animals—1,914 dogs.Procedure—Owners of dogs that did not have a history of GDV were recruited at dog shows, and the dog's length and height and depth and width of the thorax and abdomen were measured. Information concerning the dogs' medical history, genetic background, personality, and diet was obtained from owners, and owners were contacted by mail and telephone at approximately 1-year intervals to determine whether dogs had developed GDV or died. Incidence of GDV based on the number of dog-years at risk was calculated for each breed, and breed-related risk factors were identified.Results and Clinical Relevance—Incidence of GDV for the 7 large (23 to 45 kg [50 to 99 lb]) and 4 giant (> 45 kg [> 99 lb]) breeds was 23 and 26 cases/1,000 dogyears at risk, respectively. Of the 105 dogs that developed GDV, 30 (28.6%) died. Incidence of GDV increased with increasing age. Cumulative incidence of GDV was 5.7% for all breeds. The only breed-specific characteristic significantly associated with a decreased incidence of GDV was an owner-perceived personality trait of happiness. (J Am Med Vet Assoc2000;216: 40–45)
Results of a survey on educational and research programs in complementary and alternative veterinary medicine at veterinary medical schools in the United States
Authors: Schoen Allen M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To document educational and research
programs in complementary and alternative veterinary
medicine (CAVM) at US veterinary schools and to
develop recommendations for additional curriculum
development and research in these modalities.

Design—Mail questionnaire.

Sample Population—Deans, curriculum committees,
and interested faculty at US veterinary schools.

Procedure—Questionnaires were mailed to personnel
at all 27 US veterinary schools. Nonrespondents
received a follow-up letter and telephone contact.
Information was used to establish the current status
of CAVM.

Results—Responses were received for 41 of 120
(34%) questionnaires. Responses were received from
23 of 27 veterinary schools, but number of respondents
varied at each institution (range, 1 to 4) and some
surveys were not complete. Seven of 27 US veterinary
schools had an educational program in CAVM. Thirty-six
(87%) respondents believed that acupuncture,
nutraceuticals, nutritional supplements, and physical
therapy should be included in the curriculum, 25 (61%)
indicated that botanical (herbal) medicine should be
included, and 25 (61%) believed that chiropractic
should be included. Only 17 (44%) respondents
believed that homeopathy should be included. The
majority of respondents believed that CAVM should be
offered as elective courses. Research in CAVM has
been conducted at 6 responding schools.

Conclusions—Currently, few veterinary schools offer
educational or research programs in CAVM. Veterinary
schools are aware of the interest in CAVM and
acknowledge a lack of educational and research programs
in these areas. More veterinary schools are in
the process of developing educational and research
programs in various aspects of CAVM. (J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2000;216:502–509).
Descriptive epidemiologic study of disease associated with influenza virus infections during three epidemics in horses
Authors: Morley Paul S. , Townsend Hugh G. G. , Bogdan Jaret R. , Haines Deborah M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe 3 epidemics of respiratory tract disease caused by influenza virus infections in a large population of horses.Design—Cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal observational studies.Animals—All horses stabled at a Thoroughbred racetrack.Procedure—During a 3-year period, descriptive information was collected as horses arrived at the racetrack and throughout race meetings. Routine observations and physical examinations were used to classify horses' disease status. Cause of epidemics was established by use of serologic testing and identification of influenza virus in nasal secretions.Results—An epidemic of respiratory tract disease caused by influenza virus infections was identified during each year of the study. Attack rates of infectious upper respiratory tract disease (IURD) ranged from 16 to 28%. Incidence of disease caused by influenza virus infections during racing seasons in the second and third years was 27 and 37 cases/1,000 horses/mo, respectively. Physical distributions of stall locations revealed that affected horses were stabled throughout the population; horses affected later in epidemics were often clustered around horses affected earlier. Mucopurulent nasal discharge and coughing were observed in 83 and 62% of horses with IURD, respectively. Median duration of clinical disease was 11 days. Serologic testing was the most sensitive method used to detect influenza virus infections; 76% of affected horses seroconverted to influenza virus.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Epidemics of IURD were observed annually in association with influenza virus infections. Few precautions were taken to limit spread of infection. Preventing or decreasing the likelihood of exposure and improving immunity in the population could substantially decrease risk of disease in similar populations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:535–544)
Causes of poor performance of horses during training, racing, or showing: 348 cases (1992–1996)
Authors: Martin Benson B. , Reef Virginia B. , Parente Eric J. , Sage Abby D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine results for horses undergoing a high-speed treadmill examination, including videoendoscopy of the pharynx and larynx before and during exercise, echocardiography before and after exercise, and electrocardiography before, during, and after exercise, because of poor performance.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—348 horses.Results—A definitive diagnosis was obtained for 256 (73.5%) horses. One hundred forty-eight horses had dynamic obstruction of the airway during exercise, 33 had clinically important cardiac arrhythmias alone, 22 had a combination of dynamic airway obstruction and clinically important cardiac arrhythmias, 19 had poor cardiac fractional shortening immediately after exercise, 10 had exertional rhabdomyolyis, 15 had clinically apparent lameness, and 9 had other disorders. Thirtynine of the horses with dynamic obstruction of the airway during exercise had multiple airway abnormalities. Fifty-three horses also had subclinical myopathy.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a complete evaluation, including a highspeed treadmill examination, should be conducted in horses with poor performance, regardless or whether horses do or do not have a history of abnormal respiratory noises and particularly if the horses have grade- II or -III left laryngeal hemiplegia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:554–558)
Efficacy of florfenicol for treatment of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Angelos John A. , Dueger Erica L. , George Lisle W. , Carrier Tracey K. , Mihalyi Judy E. , Cosgrove Sallie B. , Johnson John C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the efficacy of florfenicol for treatment of calves with naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK).Design—Randomized controlled field trial.Animals—63 beef calves and 80 dairy calves between 4 and 12 months of age.Procedure—Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Calves in the SC treatment group received a single dose of florfenicol (40 mg/kg [18.2 mg/lb] of body weight), SC, on day 0. Calves in the IM treatment group received florfenicol (20 mg/kg [9.1 mg/lb]), IM, on days 0 and 2. Calves in the control group received injections of saline solution (0.9% NaCl), IM, on days 0 and 2. Calves were reevaluated every other day for 20 days after treatment.Results—Corneal ulcers healed by day 20 in 48 of 49 (98%) calves treated with florfenicol IM, 39 of 42 (93%) calves treated with florfenicol SC, and 33 of 52 (63%) control calves.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Florfenicol administered SC (1 dose) or IM (2 doses 48 hours apart) was effective for treatment of calves with naturally occurring IBK. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216: 62–64)