bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifetime Stressful Events Associated with Alzheimer's Pathologies, Neuroinflammation and Brain Structure in a Risk Enriched Cohort
Authors: Palpatzis Eleni , Akinci Muge , Aguilar‐Dominguez Pablo , Garcia‐Prat Marina , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Carboni Margherita , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Wild Norbert , Fauria Karine , Falcon Carles , Gispert Juan Domingo , Suárez‐Calvet Marc , Grau‐Rivera Oriol , Sánchez‐Benavides Gonzalo , Arenaza‐Urquijo Eider M. ,   for the ALFA study
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveAlong with the known effects of stress on brain structure and inflammatory processes, increasing evidence suggest a role of chronic stress in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the association of accumulated stressful life events (SLEs) with AD pathologies, neuroinflammation, and gray matter (GM) volume among cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at heightened risk of AD.MethodsThis cross‐sectional cohort study included 1,290 CU participants (aged 48–77) from the ALFA cohort with SLE, lumbar puncture (n = 393), and/or structural magnetic resonance imaging (n = 1,234) assessments. Using multiple regression analyses, we examined the associations of total SLEs with cerebrospinal fluid (1) phosphorylated (p)‐tau181 and Aβ1–42/1–40 ratio, (2) interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and (3) GM volumes voxel‐wise. Further, we performed stratified and interaction analyses with sex, history of psychiatric disease, and evaluated SLEs during specific life periods.ResultsWithin the whole sample, only childhood and midlife SLEs, but not total SLEs, were associated with AD pathophysiology and neuroinflammation. Among those with a history of psychiatric disease SLEs were associated with higher p‐tau181 and IL‐6. Participants with history of psychiatric disease and men, showed lower Aβ1–42/1–40 with higher SLEs. Participants with history of psychiatric disease and women showed reduced GM volumes in somatic regions and prefrontal and limbic regions, respectively.InterpretationWe did not find evidence supporting the association of total SLEs with AD, neuroinflammation, and atrophy pathways. Instead, the associations appear to be contingent on events occurring during early and midlife, sex and history of psychiatric disease. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1058–1068
Accelerated Dynamic Reconstruction in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Ligand Defects for Selective Electrooxidation of Amines to Azos Coupling with Hydrogen Production
Authors: Sun Lingzhi , Pan Xun , Xie Ya‐nan , Zheng Jingui , Xu Shaohan , Li Lina , Zhao Guohua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrosynthesis coupled hydrogen production (ESHP) mostly involves catalyst reconstruction in aqueous phase, but accurately identifying and controlling the process is still a challenge. Herein, we modulated the electronic structure and exposed unsaturated sites of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) via ligand defect to promote the reconstruction of catalyst for azo electrosynthesis (ESA) coupled with hydrogen production overall reaction. The monolayer Ni‐MOFs achieved 89.8 % Faraday efficiency and 90.8 % selectivity for the electrooxidation of 1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐amine (Pyr−NH2) to azo, and an 18.5‐fold increase in H2 production compared to overall water splitting. Operando X‐ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAFS) and various in situ spectroscopy confirm that the ligand defect promotes the potential dependent dynamic reconstruction of Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH, and the reabsorption of ligand significantly lowers the energy barrier of rate‐determining step (*Pyr−NH to *Pyr−N). This work provides theoretical guidance for modulation of electrocatalyst reconstruction to achieve highly selective ESHP.
Engineering NH2‐Cu‐NH2 Triple‐atom Sites in Defective MOFs for Selective Overall Photoreduction of CO2 into CH3COCH3
Authors: Zhang Mengrui , Zhang Dan , Jing Xu , Xu Baijie , Duan Chunying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSelective photoreduction of CO2 to multicarbon products, is an important but challenging task, due to high CO2 activation barriers and insufficient catalytic sites for C−C coupling. Herein, a defect engineering strategy for incorporating copper sites into the connected nodes of defective metal–organic framework UiO‐66‐NH2 for selective overall photo‐reduction of CO2 into acetone. The Cu2+ site in well‐modified CuN2O2 units served as a trapping site to capture electrons via efficient electron‐hole separation, forming the active Cu+ site for CO2 reduction. Two NH2 groups in CuN2O2 unit adsorb CO2 and cooperated with copper ion to functionalize as a triple atom catalytic site, each interacting with one CO2 molecule to strengthen the binding of *CO intermediate to the catalytic site. The deoxygenated *CO attached to the Cu site interacted with *CH3 fixed at one amino group to form the key intermediate CO*‐CH3, which interacted with the third reduction intermediate on another amino group to produce acetone. Our photocatalyst realizes efficient overall CO2 reduction to C3 product acetone CH3COCH3 with an evolution rate of 70.9 μmol gcat−1 h−1 and a selectivity up to 97 % without any adducts, offering a promising avenue for designing triple‐atomic sites to producing C3 product from photosynthesis with water.
Cyclopropenimine‐Mediated CO2 Activation for the Synthesis of Polyurethanes and Small‐Molecule Carbonates and Carbamates
Authors: Wu Dino , Martin Robert T. , Piña Jeanette , Kwon Junho , Crockett Michael P. , Thomas Andy A. , Gutierrez Osvaldo , Park Nathaniel H. , Hedrick James L. , Campos Luis M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is an abundant C1 feedstock with tremendous potential to produce versatile building blocks in synthetic applications. Given the adverse impact of CO2 on the atmosphere, it is of paramount importance to devise strategies for upcycling it into useful materials, such as polymers and fine chemicals. To activate such stable molecule, superbases offer viable modes of binding to CO2. In this study, a superbase cyclopropenimine derivative was found to exhibit exceptional proficiency in activating CO2 and mediating its polymerization at ambient temperature and pressure for the synthesis of polyurethanes. The versatility of this reaction can be extended to monofunctional amines and alcohols, yielding a variety of functional carbonates and carbamates.
A Versatile Thioesterase Involved in Dimerization during Cinnamoyl Lipid Biosynthesis
Authors: Deng Zirong , Liu Chunni , Wang Fang , Song Ni , Liu Jing , Li Huayue , Liu Siyu , Li Tong , Liu Zengzhi , Xiao Fei , Li Wenli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe cinnamoyl lipid compound youssoufene A1 (1), featuring a unique dearomatic carbon‐bridged dimeric skeleton, exhibits increased inhibition against multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecalis as compared to monomeric youssoufenes. However, the formation process of this intriguing dearomatization/dimerization remains unknown. In this study, an unusual “gene‐within‐gene” thioesterase (TE) gene ysfF was functionally characterized. The gene was found to naturally encodes two proteins, an entire YsfF with α/β‐hydrolase and 4‐hydroxybenzoyl‐CoA thioesterase (4‐HBT)‐like enzyme domains, and a nested YsfFHBT (4‐HBT‐like enzyme). Using an intracellular tagged carrier‐protein tracking (ITCT) strategy, in vitro reconstitution and in vivo experiments, we found that: i) both domains of YsfF displayed thioesterase activities; ii) YsfF/YsfFHBT could accomplish the 6π‐electrocyclic ring closure for benzene ring formation; and iii) YsfF and cyclase YsfX together were responsible for the ACP‐tethered dearomatization/dimerization process, possibly through an unprecedented Michael‐type addition reaction. Moreover, site‐directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that N301, E483 and H566 of YsfF are critical residues for both the 6π‐electrocyclization and dimerization processes. This study enhances our understanding of the multifunctionality of the TE protein family.
Wet‐Chemical Synthesis of Elemental 2D Materials
Authors: Xu Yue , Qi Junlei , Ma Cong , He Qiyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWet‐chemical synthesis refers to the bottom‐up chemical synthesis in solution, which is among the most popular synthetic approaches towards functional two‐dimensional (2D) materials. It offers several advantages, including cost‐effectiveness, high yields,, precious control over the production process. As an emerging family of 2D materials, elemental 2D materials (Xenes) have shown great potential in various applications such as electronics, catalysts, biochemistry,, sensing technologies due to their exceptional/exotic properties such as large surface area, tunable band gap,, high carrier mobility. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art in wet‐chemical synthesis of Xenes including tellurene, bismuthene, antimonene, phosphorene,, arsenene. The current solvent compositions, process parameters utilized in wet‐chemical synthesis, their effects on the thickness, stability of the resulting Xenes are also presented. Key factors considered involves ligands, precursors, surfactants, reaction time, temperature. Finally, we highlight recent advances, existing challenges in the current application of wet‐chemical synthesis for Xenes production, provide perspectives on future improvement.
Do focused interests support word learning? A study with autistic and nonautistic children
Authors: Arunachalam S. , Steele A. , Pelletier T. , Luyster R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough focused interests are often associated with a diagnosis of autism, they are common in nonautistic individuals as well. Previous studies have explored how these interests impact cognitive, social, and language development. While some research has suggested that strong interests can detract from learning (particularly for autistic children), newer research has indicated that they can be advantageous. In this pre‐registered study, we asked whether focused interests support word learning in 44 autistic children and a vocabulary‐matched sample of 44 nonautistic children (mean ages 58 and 34 months respectively). In a word‐learning task administered over Zoom, children were exposed to an action labeled by a novel word. The action was either depicted by their focused interest or by a neutral image; stimuli were personalized for each child. At test, they were asked to identify the referent of the novel word, and their eye gaze was evaluated as a measure of learning. The preregistered analyses revealed an effect of focused interests, and post‐hoc analyses clarified that autistic children learned the novel word in both the focused interest and neutral conditions, while nonautistic children only showed evidence of learning in the neutral condition. These results suggest that focused interests are not disruptive for vocabulary learning in autism, and thus they could be utilized in programming that supports early language learning in this population.
Prognostic factors and treatment impact on overall survival in patients with renal neuroendocrine tumour
Authors: Omidele Olamide O. , Connors Christopher , Wainganker Nikhil , Badani Ketan , Sfakianos John , Mehrazin Reza , Jayaratna Isuru 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRenal neuroendocrine neoplasms (R‐NEN) are exceptionally rare tumours characterized by high mortality rates.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to analyse prognostic factors and treatment impact on overall survival in patients with R‐NEN.Design, setting and participantsWe identified all patients with R‐NEN in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004 to 2019 and identified prognostic factors for improved survival.Results and limitationsOf 542 R‐NEN cases, 166 (31%) were neuroendocrine tumour grade 1 (NET‐G1), 14 (3%) were neuroendocrine tumour grade 2 (NET‐G2), 169 (31%) were neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC‐NOS), 18 (3%) were large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LC‐NEC) and 175 (32%) were small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SC‐NEC). Median overall survival for all patients in the study was 44.88 months (SE, 4.265; 95% CI, 27.57–62.19). Median overall survival was 7.89 months (SE 0.67; 95% CI, 6.58–9.20) for patients without surgical intervention and 136.61 months (SE 16.44; 95% CI, 104.38–168.84, p < 0.001) for patients who underwent surgery. Increased age (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03–1.06; p < 0.001), T4 stage disease (HR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.96–5.1; p < 0.001), NEC‐NOS histology (HR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.64–4.86; p < 0.001), LC‐NEC histology (HR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.04–7.17; p = 0.041) and SC‐NEC histology (HR, 5.17; 95% CI, 2.95–9.05; p < 0.001) were all positive predictors of worsening overall survival. The main limitation of the study is its retrospective design.ConclusionR‐NEN is an aggressive tumour characterized by high mortality rates. Surgery continues to be the mainstay of treatment and has shown to provide a survival benefit for most patients.Patient SummaryR‐NEN is composed of several tumour histologies that differ based on their aggressiveness with NEC‐NOS and SC‐NEC being the most lethal. Surgery, predominantly through minimally invasive approaches, is the mainstay of treatment and has a clear survival benefit.
Inhibition of leukocyte migration after ischemic stroke by VE‐cadherin mutation in a mouse model leads to reduced infarct volumes and improved motor skills
Authors: Koecke Mailin Hannah Marie , Strecker Jan‐Kolja , Straeten Frederike Anne , Beuker Carolin , Minnerup Jens , Schmidt‐Pogoda Antje 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo distinguish between the genuine cellular impact of the ischemic cascade by leukocytes and unspecific effects of edema and humoral components, two knock‐in mouse lines were utilized. Mouse lines Y731F and Y685F possess point mutations in VE‐cadherin, which lead to a selective inhibition of transendothelial leukocyte migration or impaired vascular permeability.MethodsIschemic stroke was induced by a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Analysis contained structural outcomes (infarct volume and extent of brain edema), functional outcomes (survival analysis, rotarod test, and neuroscore), and the extent and spatial distribution of leukocyte migration (heatmaps and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis).ResultsInhibition of transendothelial leukocyte migration as in Y731F mice leads to smaller infarct volumes (52.33 ± 4719 vs. 70.43 ± 6483 mm3, p = .0252) and improved motor skills (rotarod test: 85.52 ± 13.24 s vs. 43.06 ± 15.32 s, p = .0285). An impaired vascular permeability as in Y685F mice showed no effect on structural or functional outcomes. Both VE‐cadherin mutations did not influence the total immune cell count or spatial distribution in ischemic brain parenchyma.ConclusionSelective inhibition of transendothelial leukocyte migration by VE‐cadherin mutation after ischemic stroke in a mouse model leads to smaller infarct volumes and improved motor skills.
Time is ticking for TikTok tics: A retrospective follow‐up study in the post‐COVID‐19 isolation era
Authors: Tomczak Kinga K. , Worhach Jennifer , Rich Michael , Swearingen Ludolph Olivia , Eppling Susan , Sideridis Georgios , Katz Tamar C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, an influx of adolescents presented worldwide with acute onset of functional tic‐like behaviors (FTLBs). Our goal was to evaluate psychosocial factors around onset, to elucidate outcomes after pandemic isolation protocols were lifted, and to examine therapy and medication management.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of 56 patients ages 10–18 years with new‐onset FTLBs seen at Boston Children's Hospital beginning in March 2020. Demographic factors, medical history, and treatment were evaluated. Patient outcomes were determined retrospectively based on the Clinical Global Impression Improvement (CGI‐I) and Severity (CGI‐S) scales from follow‐up visits. CGI‐I scores assessed the progression of FTLBs; CGI‐S assessed overall function.ResultsNinety‐six percent of patients were female‐assigned at birth with high rates of comorbid anxiety (93%) and depression (71%). Forty‐five percent were gender‐diverse. Based on scales that assessed FTLBs (CGI‐I) and overall functioning (CGI‐S), up to 79% of patients improved independent of comorbid diagnosis or treatment. Evidence‐based tic‐specific treatments were not more effective than other treatments. A subset of patients had improvement in their FTLBs but not in their general functioning and continued to have other psychosomatic presentations.ConclusionWhile many patients’ FTLBs improved, it is critical to remain alert to patients’ overall function and to assess for other functional neurological disorders and mental health concerns. The tendency of FTLBs to improve in this population, independent of treatment, highlights the unique pathophysiology of FTLBs. Future research on contributing psychosocial factors and specific treatment protocols will allow optimal support for these patients.
A retrospective, naturalistic study of deep brain stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation in young patients*
Authors: Yuruk Deniz , Ozger Can , Garzon Juan F. , Nakonezny Paul A. , Vande Voort Jennifer L. , Croarkin Paul E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionInvasive neuromodulation interventions such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) are important treatments for movement disorders and epilepsy, but literature focused on young patients treated with DBS and VNS is limited. This retrospective study aimed to examine naturalistic outcomes of VNS and DBS treatment of epilepsy and dystonia in children, adolescents, and young adults.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed patient demographic and outcome data that were obtained from electronic health records. Two researchers used the Clinical Global Impression scale to retrospectively rate the severity of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms before and after patients underwent surgery to implant DBS electrodes or a VNS device. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine clinical effects.ResultsData from 73 patients were evaluated. Neurologic symptoms improved for patients treated with DBS and VNS (p < .001). Patients treated with DBS did not have a change in psychiatric symptoms, whereas psychiatric symptoms worsened for patients treated with VNS (p = .008). The frequency of postoperative complications did not differ between VNS and DBS groups.ConclusionYoung patients may have distinct vulnerabilities for increased psychiatric symptoms during treatment with invasive neuromodulation. Child and adolescent psychiatrists should consider a more proactive approach and greater engagement with DBS and VNS teams that treat younger patients.
SP140 inhibitor suppressing TRIM22 expression regulates glioma progress through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Guangzhao , Li Longyuan , Gao Bixi , Niu Xiaowang , Wang Yunjiang , Wang Zhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSP gene family, consisting of SP100, SP110, SP140, and SP140L, has been implicated in the initiation and advancement of numerous malignancies. Nevertheless, their clinical significance in glioma remains incompletely understood.MethodExpression levels and prognostic significance of SP family members were evaluated in the TCGA and CGGA datasets. Multifactorial analysis was used to identify SP gene family members that can independently impact the prognosis of glioma patients. A SP140‐based predictive risk model/nomogram was developed in TCGA dataset and validated in CGGA dataset. The model's performance was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses. Phenotypic associations of SP140 and TRIM22 were examined through CancerSEA and TIMER. The effect of SP140 inhibitor in glioma progress and TRIM22/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was confirmed in U251/U87 glioma cells.ResultsThe SP family members exhibited elevated expression in gliomas and were negatively correlated with prognosis. SP140 emerged as an independent prognostic factor, and a SP140‐based nomogram/predictive risk model demonstrated high accuracy. SP140 inhibitor, GSK761, lead to the suppression of TRIM22 expression and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. GSK761 also restrain glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, SP140 and TRIM22 coexpressed in glioma cells with high level of vascular proliferation, TRIM22 is closely associated with the immune cell infiltration.ConclusionSP140‐based nomogram proved to be a practical tool for predicting the survival of glioma patients. SP140 inhibitor could suppress glioma progress via TRIM22/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Causal association between atopic dermatitis and Parkinson's disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Taofeng , Wei Baohao , Hu Yachun , Zhou Xiaoming , Cai Xiaoying , Shi Xiaolei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders. Evidence has suggested an association between skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether atopic dermatitis has a causal effect on PD remains unknown.MethodsThe study aimed to determine whether their association between atopic dermatitis and PD is causal, using a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization method. Genetic variants from the public genome‐wide association studies for atopic dermatitis (n = 10788 cases and 30047 controls) were selected to evaluate their causal effects on the risk of PD (33,674 cases and 449,056 controls). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis.ResultsThe IVW results indicated that atopic dermatitis was associated with decreased risk of PD {fixed effects: odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: .905 [.832–.986], p = .022; OR [95% CI]: .905 [.827–.991], p = .032}. However, we failed to detect the causal effects of PD on risk of atopic dermatitis in the reverse causation analysis.ConclusionThis study indicated causal association of genetically proxied atopic dermatitis with the risk of PD. Future studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanism and investigate the targeting effect of atopic dermatitis on PD.
A histology guide for performing human cadaveric studies: SQIP 2024 what to look for with light microscopy
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Kikuchi Keishiro , Tabuchi Kosuke , Dave Mitesh , Anbalagan Muralidharan , Fukino Keiko , Kitagawa Norio , Reina Miguel A. , Reina Francisco , Carrera Ana , Nonaka Taichiro , Rajaram‐Gilkes Mathangi , Khalil Mohammed K. , Matsushita Yuki , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHistological observation under light microscopy has long been used in human cadaveric studies. However, it can distort the interpretations of findings if not used appropriately; there is no guide for its proper use. The aim of this article is to revisit and discuss the correct use of histology in human cadaveric studies, following discussions with experts in multiple fields of medicine, and to create the first guide for such usage. We reached a consensus with the experts, agreeing that when this principle (structure, quantification, interaction, position: SQIP) is applied to histological observations, the findings will be interpreted correctly. Appropriate use of this recommendation can make human cadaveric studies more accurate and informative. This is the first histology guide for human cadaveric studies.