bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale-dependent habitat selection is shaped by landscape context in dispersing white-tailed deer
Authors: Stephens Ryan B. , Millspaugh Joshua J. , McRoberts Jon T. , Heit David R. , Wiskirchen Kevyn H. , Sumners Jason A. , Isabelle Jason L. , Moll Remington J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Context
Identifying how animals select habitat while navigating landscapes is important for understanding behavioral ecology and guiding management and conservation decisions. However, habitat selection may be spatially and temporally plastic, making it challenging to quantify how species use resources across space and time.

Objectives
We investigated how landscape context and dispersal shape habitat selection at multiple spatial scales in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Methods
Using step-selection functions, we quantified habitat selection of landcover and topographic covariates at three spatial scales for juvenile males during three movement periods (before, during, after dispersal) in two regions of Missouri, USA—a fragmented, low forest cover region with rolling hills, and a forested, topographically variable region.

Results
Although selection for forest cover increased after dispersal in both regions, deer selected forest cover at smaller spatial scales in the fragmented, low forest cover region. This result indicates scale of selection was dependent on forest availability and configuration with deer likely perceiving landscapes differently across their distribution. Functional responses to topography differed in magnitude and direction between regions with deer avoiding roads and selecting valleys in the rolling hills region (especially during dispersal) while showing no response to roads and selecting for ridgelines (during dispersal) in the topographically variable region. This result suggests movement behavior is strongly dependent on topography.

Conclusions
Although deer may select similar habitats among regions, landscape context and movement period shape the scale, strength, and direction of selection. This result has important implications for how animals use landscapes across different regional contexts.
Material extrusion additive manufacturing of novel lightweight collinear stayed polymer lattices
Authors: Ou Yating , Köllner Anton , Dönitz Antonia Gwendolyn , Richter Tim Erik , Völlmecke Christina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA novel type of lightweight and high-performance, collinear polymer lattices is presented in which the concept of stayed slender columns is exploited with the aid of material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEX). The stays, preventing lower order buckling, are additively manufactured using the printing strategy bridging. Through conducting experimental test series on representative elements and two-dimensional lattices, it is demonstrated that the 3D printed stayed column lattices exhibit significantly improved compressive strength in comparison with conventional collinear lattices. The potential of introducing deliberate geometric imperfections to affect the structural behaviour is furthermore outlined in the current work.
Global Asymptotic Stability of Anti-Periodic Solutions of Time-Delayed Fractional Bam Neural Networks
Authors: Tuz Münevver 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, bidirectional fractional-order BAM neural networks with time-varying delays are examined. Time delay is an important phenomenon in the implementation of a signal or effect passing through neural network. Signal transmission in neural networks can generally be described as an anti-periodic process. Our aim is to show global asymptotic stability and the uniqueness of the equilibrium point for such neural networks in the problem with antiperiodic solution.For this purpose, the proof was made using differential inequality theory, basic analysis information, and the Lyapunov functional method. In addition, a numerical example is presented to verify the theoretical results.
Optimization of pectin extraction from crab apple peel and usage in a model meat emulsion system
Authors: Aldemir Hazal , Kamiloğlu Aybike , Çakır Özlem 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to optimize conditions of microwave-assisted pectin extraction from crab apple peels using the Box–Behnken experimental design. For this purpose, microwave-assisted pectin extraction was performed at different extraction time (3, 6, and 9 min), liquid/solid ratio (75, 100, and 125), and pH (1.5, 2.0, 2.5). The optimum conditions were selected as extraction time (7.77 min), liquid/solid ratio (77.53 mL/g), and pH/1.79). The response, obtained under optimum conditions was determined as 0.1128 ± 0.0137 g pectin/g crab apple peel. In addition, it was determined that the obtained pectin sample had an esterification degree of 79.14% and oil and water binding capacities of 8.5 ± 0.7 g oil/g pectin and 8.1 ± 1.5 g water/g pectin, respectively. It was determined that pectin emulsions showed higher stability at 1% pectin level. The possibilities of using pectin obtained under optimized conditions as a fat replacer in a model sausage system were investigated. Pectin was evaluated in the model sausage system at two different concentrations. With the increasing pectin concentration, the cooking loss value increased from 14 to 18%, while leakage decreased from 0.31% to 0.18%, showing a negative effect on cooking loss and a positive impact on the amount of leakage into the packaging. Pectin obtained from crab apple peel has the potential to be used for reducing fat content in sausage environment.
A mini review on the separation of Al, Fe and Ti elements from coal fly ash leachate
Authors: Shi Yuan , Jiang Fengqi , Wang Rongjiao , Yang Sasha , Zhu Xiaofeng , Shen Yingying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe electricity demand is increasing rapidly with the development of society and technology. Coal-fired thermal power plants have become one of the primary sources of electricity generation for urbanization. However, coal-fired thermal power plants produce a great amount of by-product coal fly ash every year. Coal fly ash disposal in landfills requires a sizable space and has negative environmental impacts. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new technologies and methods to utilize this enormous volume of solid waste in order to protect the environment. In this review, the fundamental physical and chemical characteristics of coal fly ash are introduced, and afterward the disposal policies and utilization ways of coal fly ash are discussed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the various ways this waste. The leaching of valuable metals in coal fly ash and the extraction of metal elements in leachate under different conditions are also summarized. Furthermore, the possibility of coal fly ash to serve as a supplementary source for mineral resources is analyzed, providing a basis for its extensive use as a raw material in the metal industry in China and worldwide.
Shaking up Assumptions: Earthquakes Have Rarely Triggered Andean Glacier Lake Outburst Floods
Authors: Wood Joanne L. , Harrison Stephan , Wilson Ryan , Emmer Adam , Kargel Jeffrey S. , Cook Simon J. , Glasser Neil F. , Reynolds John M. , Shugar Dan H. , Yarleque Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs the world’s glaciers recede in response to a warming atmosphere, a change in the magnitude and frequency of related hazards is expected. Among the most destructive hazards are glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs), and their future evolution is concerning for local populations and sustainable development policy. Central to this is a better understanding of triggers. There is a long‐standing assumption that earthquakes are a major GLOF trigger, and seismic activity is consistently included as a key hazard assessment criterion. Here, we provide the first empirical evidence that this assumption is largely incorrect. Focusing on the Tropical Andes, we show that, of 59 earthquakes (1900–2021) the effects of which intersect with known glacier lakes, only one has triggered GLOFs. We argue that, to help develop climate resilient protocols, the focus for future assessments should be on understanding other key GLOF drivers, such as thawing permafrost and underlying structural geology.
A Self‐Consistent Model of Radial Transport in the Magnetodisks of Gas Giants Including Interhemispheric Asymmetries
Authors: Devinat Marie , Blanc Michel , André Nicolas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOutward transport of plasma in the inner and middle magnetospheres of gas giants results from an interplay between mass loading from the inner dominant mass sources (volcanic moons), flux tube interchange in the centrifugally unstable magnetospheric plasma disk, turbulent heating of the plasma, and coupling between the equatorial plasma and the planetary upper atmosphere through magnetic field‐aligned current loops and/or Alfvén waves. We present a new analytical formalism describing large scale transport in gas giant systems, combining two historical approaches: radial diffusion of mass and energy through flux tube interchange, and angular momentum transport through corotation enforcement. Under the hypotheses of axisymmetry, steady‐state, and multi‐fluid plasma, we provide transport equations for total contents of flux tubes. They feature new transport parameters accounting for the latitudinal extent of the disk, and self‐consistently include field‐aligned potential drops in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. Our general formalism has a wealth of applications, two of which are presented, corresponding to the cases of the two gas giants: the effect of interhemispheric asymmetries in the resistive and magnetic properties between the northern and southern ionospheres on the transport of angular momentum at Jupiter, and the influence of the plasma disk thickness on transport at Saturn. We apply our formalism to derive ionospheric parameters and reproduce the Juno and Cassini data. Further work will allow for more complete numerical solutions of our equations, with the aim of capturing the broad complexity of fast rotating magnetospheric systems which can be found inside and outside the Solar System.
Hydrogen Diffusion in the Lower Mantle Revealed by Machine Learning Potentials
Authors: Peng Yihang , Deng Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydrogen may be incorporated into nominally anhydrous minerals including bridgmanite and post‐perovskite as defects, making the Earth's deep mantle a potentially significant water reservoir. The diffusion of hydrogen and its contribution to the electrical conductivity in the lower mantle are rarely explored and remain largely unconstrained. Here we calculate hydrogen diffusivity in hydrous bridgmanite and post‐perovskite, using molecular dynamics simulations driven by machine learning potentials of ab initio quality. Our findings reveal that hydrogen diffusivity significantly increases with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure, and is considerably sensitive to hydrogen incorporation mechanism. Among the four defect mechanisms examined, (Mg + 2H)Si and (Al + H)Si show similar patterns and yield the highest hydrogen diffusivity. Hydrogen diffusion is generally faster in post‐perovskite than in bridgmanite, and these two phases exhibit distinct diffusion anisotropies. Overall, hydrogen diffusion is slow on geological time scales and may result in heterogeneous water distribution in the lower mantle. Additionally, the proton conductivity of bridgmanite for (Mg + 2H)Si and (Al + H)Si defects aligns with the same order of magnitude of lower mantle conductivity, suggesting that the water distribution in the lower mantle may be inferred by examining the heterogeneity of electrical conductivity.
Dipole Pattern of Holocene Hydroclimate Variations Across the Asian Drylands: Critical Evidence From West Asia
Authors: Chen Shengqian , Chen Jianhui , Ding Guoqiang , Ma Shuai , Ji Panpan , Zhou Aifeng , Wu Duo , Khormali Farhad , Hou Juzhi , Chen Fahu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExploring the spatiotemporal differences of hydroclimate variations is crucial for managing future climate change. In the Asian drylands, West Asia (WA) and arid central Asia (ACA) are both climatically dominated by the westerlies and have shown a dipole pattern in precipitation variation during the past several decades. However, it is unclear whether such a difference exists during the Holocene, mainly because the dispute between the δ18O‐based early Holocene hydroclimate optimum and the pollen‐based mid‐Holocene optimum in WA. Here we present a precisely dated record based on lipid biomarkers from Almalou Peatland in the western Iranian Plateau. The chain length of n‐alkanoic acids was interpreted as a hydroclimate indicator based on a proxy validation study. Our record reveals a wetting trend during 9–7.5 cal ka BP, a mid‐Holocene hydroclimate optimum (7.5–3 cal ka BP), and a rapidly drying trend during 3–0 cal ka BP. The hydroclimate variation was supported by a water‐level reconstruction from the same core. The most negative δ18O values during the early Holocene could be partly attributed to the impacts of water vapor sources. Comparing our reconstruction from WA to those from ACA, we found a dipole pattern of hydroclimate variations on the millennial timescale during the Holocene. The simulation results revealed that, unlike the persistent wetting trend in ACA, the pivotal shift of spring insolation led to a transition from wetting to drying conditions in WA, ultimately leading to the generation of dipole pattern. This demonstrates that despite the consistent control by westerlies over the Asian drylands, there are distinct spatial differences in hydroclimate responses to natural forcings.
On Effective Spectral Wideband Models for Clear Sky Atmospheric Emissivity and Transmissivity
Authors: Matsunobu L. M. , Coimbra C. F. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClear sky emittance models provide critical information for the determination of downwelling longwave irradiance at the Earth's surface. This study updates existing calculations which relate clear sky longwave emissivity with the main (and most variable) greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, water vapor. Impacts of station elevation and data quality control are quantified. Empirical results are used to validate highly resolved spectral models, and the resultant simplified calculates provide accurate estimations of clear sky emissivity without the need for extensive computation. Results show that correlation coefficients are mostly robust to nuanced data processing choices when regressed from sufficiently large data sets (≥104 samples) with the exceptions of altitude adjustment and measurement bias corrections. The empirical results from this study are compared to results from other leading empirical, physics‐based, and hybridized phenomenological models. Correlations for effective clear sky emissivity, transmissivity and optical depth are provided, based on parameterized line‐by‐line (LBL) model results, for the broadband 0–2,500 cm−1 and for seven wavenumber wideband of interest. Results for the (b3) wideband 580–750 cm−1 are particularly relevant because of its disaggregated and combined carbon dioxide‐water vapor contributions. The broadband effective optical depth (δ) of water vapor is found to be , where pw is the dimensionless partial pressure of water vapor at the surface. Equivalently, the broadband effective optical depth of carbon dioxide in the presence of water vapor is found to be . Processed training data sets are provided as supplementary content for comparative studies.
Baroclinic Sea Level
Authors: McWilliams James C. , Molemaker M. Jeroen , Damien Pierre 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSea level and its horizontal gradient are an expression of oceanic volume, heat content, and currents. Large‐scale currents have historically been viewed as mostly “baroclinic,” and tides as “barotropic,” respectively, in the loose sense of being strongly related to the oceanic density distribution or not. In particular, the evolution of the barotropic velocity is influenced by a horizontal pressure‐gradient force that depends on the gradient of a particular depth‐weighting of the density field as well as on the gradient of the sea‐surface elevation ζ; hence, even the tides must be viewed as a product of the coupled interaction of barotropic and baroclinic fields. The purpose of this note is to give dynamical precision to the distinction between barotropic and baroclinic contributions to ζ and the surface pressure‐gradient force −g∇ζ, and, in the particular case of the tides, demonstrate their combined barotropic‐baroclinic interactions with a realistically forced, high‐resolution simulation of the Pacific Ocean circulation. While the different tidal sea‐level contributions manifest a horizontal scale separation (e.g., more barotropic at larger scales; more baroclinic surface pressure‐gradient force at smaller scales), there are cross‐mode corrections in both at the level of tens of percent. The proposed barotropic‐baroclinic decomposition is generally relevant to the sea‐level expression of oceanic currents.
Wavelet Analysis of Differential TEC Measurements Obtained Using LOFAR
Authors: Boyde Ben , Wood Alan , Dorrian Gareth , Sweijen Frits , de Gasperin Francesco , Mevius Maaijke , Beser Kasia , Themens David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRadio interferometers used to make astronomical observations, such as the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), experience distortions imposed upon the received signal due to the ionosphere as well as those from instrumental errors. Calibration using a well‐characterized radio source can be used to mitigate these effects and produce more accurate images of astronomical sources, and the calibration process provides measurements of ionospheric conditions over a wide range of length scales. The basic ionospheric measurement this provides is differential Total Electron Content (TEC, the integral of electron density along the line of sight). Differential TEC measurements made using LOFAR have a precision of <1 mTECu and therefore enable investigation of ionospheric disturbances which may be undetectable to many other methods. We demonstrate an approach to identify ionospheric waves from these data using a wavelet transform and a simple plane wave model. The noise spectra are robustly characterized to provide uncertainty estimates for the fitted parameters. An example is shown in which this method identifies a wave with an amplitude an order of magnitude below those reported using Global Navigation Systems Satellite TEC measurements. Artificially generated data are used to test the accuracy of the method and establish the range of wavelengths which can be detected using this method with LOFAR data. This technique will enable the use of a large and mostly unexplored data set to study traveling ionospheric disturbances over Europe.
Fibroblast activation protein-targeted near-infrared photoimmunotherapy depletes immunosuppressive cancer-associated fibroblasts and remodels local tumor immunity
Authors: Akai Masaaki , Noma Kazuhiro , Kato Takuya , Nishimura Seitaro , Matsumoto Hijiri , Kawasaki Kento , Kunitomo Tomoyoshi , Kobayashi Teruki , Nishiwaki Noriyuki , Kashima Hajime , Kikuchi Satoru , Ohara Toshiaki , Tazawa Hiroshi , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a critical role in tumor immunosuppression. However, targeted depletion of CAFs is difficult due to their diverse cells of origin and the resulting lack of specific surface markers. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel cancer treatment that leads to rapid cell membrane damage.

Methods
In this study, we used anti-mouse fibroblast activation protein (FAP) antibody to target FAP+ CAFs (FAP-targeted NIR-PIT) and investigated whether this therapy could suppress tumor progression and improve tumor immunity.

Results
FAP-targeted NIR-PIT induced specific cell death in CAFs without damaging adjacent normal cells. Furthermore, FAP-targeted NIR-PIT treated mice showed significant tumor regression in the CAF-rich tumor model accompanied by an increase in CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Moreover, treated tumors showed increased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in CD8+ TILs compared with non-treated tumors, suggesting enhanced antitumor immunity.

Conclusions
Cancers with FAP-positive CAFs in their TME grow rapidly and FAP-targeted NIR-PIT not only suppresses their growth but improves tumor immunosuppression. Thus, FAP-targeted NIR-PIT is a potential therapeutic strategy for selectively targeting the TME of CAF+ tumors.
An eye on equity: faricimab-driven health equity improvements in diabetic macular oedema using a distributional cost-effectiveness analysis from a UK societal perspective
Authors: Meunier Aurelie , Opeifa Oyin , Longworth Louise , Cox Oliver , Bührer Christian , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Kelly Simon P. , Gale Richard P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries, with significant disease burden associated with socio-economic deprivation. Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) allows evaluation of health equity impacts of interventions, estimation of how health outcomes and costs are distributed in the population, and assessments of potential trade-offs between health maximisation and equity. We conducted an aggregate DCEA to determine the equity impact of faricimab.

Methods
Data on health outcomes and costs were derived from a cost-effectiveness model of faricimab compared with ranibizumab, aflibercept and off-label bevacizumab using a societal perspective in the base case and a healthcare payer perspective in scenario analysis. Health gains and health opportunity costs were distributed across socio-economic subgroups. Health and equity impacts, measured using the Atkinson inequality index, were assessed visually on an equity-efficiency impact plane and combined into a measure of societal welfare.

Results
At an opportunity cost threshold of £20,000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY), faricimab displayed an increase in net health benefits against all comparators and was found to improve equity. The equity impact increased the greater the concerns for reducing health inequalities over maximising population health. Using a healthcare payer perspective, faricimab was equity improving in most scenarios.

Conclusions
Long-acting therapies with fewer injections, such as faricimab, may reduce costs, improve health outcomes and increase health equity. Extended economic evaluation frameworks capturing additional value elements, such as DCEA, enable a more comprehensive valuation of interventions, which is of relevance to decision-makers, healthcare professionals and patients.