bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Extraction of Sericin Protein from Mulberry and Non‐Mulberry Silk Fibers: Utilizing Aqueous Ionic Liquid Solutions as Green Solvents
Authors: Kalita Monalisa , Sarma Chandrawali , Kalita Madhusmita , Sarmah Violina , Sankaranarayanan Kamatchi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProtein extraction from silk is a unique area of research and the foremost need is the efficient extraction of the silk proteins namely fibroin and sericin from the silk fibres, which is conventionally done using chemicals. In this work, we show that Ionic liquids (ILs) can be employed as a green and alternative method for degumming sericin from both mulberry (B. mori) and non‐mulberry (A. assamensis and P. ricini) silk. Six different ILs with varying tail lengths were studied for their degumming efficiencies. The interaction between silk proteins and IL ions involves a complex ionic disruption of hydrogen bonds, non‐polar interactions, and electrostatic effects. We have found that 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM.Cl), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM.BF4) and Tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) bring in higher weight loss % in silk fibres compared to other ILs, indicating that it can be used in better sericin removal without significant damage to the silk fibre. TEAB emerged as a potential candidate for sericin extraction due to its promotion of protein destabilization. Additionally, no drastic changes in the structure of the extracted silk protein sericin were observed, as evident from the FTIR spectra and SEM images. This work highlights for the first time, the use of ILs for extraction of non‐mulberry silk sericin and also proves that ILs can be a potential green solvent for sericin extraction.
Self‐Healing, Biocompatible Injectable Hydrogel Based on Multialdehyde Moringa oleifera Gum and Carboxymethyl Chitosan: A Suitable Platform for Drug Delivery in Wound Healing Application
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Purwar Roli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on synthesizing an injectable hydrogel (IH) using Moringa oleifera gum (MOG) with multi‐aldehyde groups (MOG‐CHO) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) through a Schiff base reaction at 37 °C. The study includes the optimal concentration of the oxidizing agent to achieve the best content of aldehydes in Moringa oleifera gum. Furthermore, the best oxidized Moringa oleifera gum decides the least gelation time. The physical properties of the optimized IH (IH‐3‐7) are assessed, including color, gel content, porosity, load‐bearing capacity, syringeability, and self‐healing capability. Structural characterization is performed using Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (1H NMR), while scanning electron microscope (SEM) and rheometer are used to analyze surface morphology and rheological properties. IH‐3‐7 exhibits a porous structure with 35 % porosity and interconnected holes of 1.45 to 4 μm diameter. Higher swelling at pH 5.5 is shown by swelling ratio test conducted in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 and pH 5.5. Ciprofloxacin HCl (Cipro) is loaded into IH for release assays, revealing pH‐dependent drug release. In vitro, cytotoxicity assessments on L‐929 fibroblast cell lines show IH′s biocompatibility. Hydrolytic degradation of IH in PBS at pH 7.4 is also evaluated.
Leaping Supercapacitor Performance via a Flash‐Enabled Graphene Photothermal Coating
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Lin Han , Lin Keng‐Te , Su Dawei , Ma Tianyi , Jia Baohua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElevating the working temperature delivers a simple and universal approach to enhance the energy storage performances of supercapacitors owing to the fundamental improvements in ion transportation kinetics. Among all heating methods, introducing green and sustainable photothermal heating on supercapacitors (SCs) is highly desired yet remains an open challenge, especially for developing an efficient and universal photothermal heating strategy that can be generally applied to arbitrary SC devices. Flash‐enabled graphene (FG) absorbers are produced through a simple and facile flash reduction process, which can be coated on the surface of any SC devices to lift their working temperature via a photothermal effect, thus, improving their overall performance, including both power and energy densities. With the systematic temperature‐dependent investigation and the in‐depth numerical simulation of SC performances, an evident enhancement in capacitance up to 65% can be achieved in photothermally enhanced SC coin cell devices with FG photo‐absorbers. This simple, practical, and universal enhancement strategy provides a novel insight into boosting SC performances without bringing complexity in electrode fabrication/optimization. Also, it sheds light on the highly efficient utilization of green and renewable photothermal energies for broad application scenarios, especially for energy storage devices.
Atomically Dispersed Ce Sites Augmenting Activity and Durability of Fe‐Based Oxygen Reduction Catalyst in PEMFC
Authors: Xue Nan , Xue Xueyan , Aihemaiti Aikelaimu , Zhu Hui , Yin Jiao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), Fe and N co‐doped carbon (Fe–N–C) materials with atomically dispersed active sites are one of the satisfactory candidates to replace Pt‐based catalysts. However, Fe–N–C catalysts are vulnerable to attack from reactive oxygen species, resulting in inferior durability, and current strategies failing to balance the activity and stability. Here, this study reports Fe and Ce single atoms coupled catalysts anchored on ZIF‐8‐derived nitrogen‐doped carbon (Fe/Ce–N–C) as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst for PEMFCs. In PEMFC tests, the maximum power density of Fe/Ce–N–C catalyst reached up to 0.82 W cm−2, which is 41% larger than that of Fe–N–C. More importantly, the activity of Fe/Ce–N–C catalyst only decreased by 21% after 30 000 cycles under H2/air condition. Density functional theory reveals that the strong coupling between the Fe and Ce sites result in the redistribution of electrons in the active sites, which optimizes the adsorption of OH* intermediates on the catalyst and increases the intrinsic activity. Additionally, the admirable radical scavenging ability of the Ce sites ensured that the catalysts gained long‐term stability. Therefore, the addition of Ce single atoms provides a new strategy for improving the activity and durability of oxygen reduction catalysts.
A new method for determination of segregation stability of pumped ready‐mixed concrete: Rapid wet‐sieved test
Authors: Li Lei , Deng Qi , Nasr Ahmed , Wang Jiaqian , Chen Junyou , Duan Zhenhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the process of pumping, the segregation of concrete mixture will lead to the difficulty of construction, and even the possibility of pipe blocking. There is a lack of a quickly evaluation for on‐site construction. In order to solve this problem, a rapid wet‐sieved test was proposed in this study and then its feasibility was evaluated based on concrete mixes with different water–cement ratios. Subsequently, the influence of sand ratio on the segregation degree of concrete was investigated. The test results show that a combination of 2.36 mm screen size and 20 s vibrating time did the best. The wet‐sieved mortar content and stratification degree were increased by 4.6%–25.2% and 0.3%–17.9% by pumping, respectively. With the sand ratio increasing from 0.40 to 0.60, the pumping pressure decreased by 51.9%. The linear fitting correlation between pumping pressure and wet‐sieved mortar content (0.96) is better than that between pumping pressure and stratification degree (0.85), which indicates that the proposed test method can reliably characterize the degree of segregation during the pumping of ready‐mixed concrete.
Machine learning of public sentiments towards wind energy in Norway
Authors: Vågerö Oskar , Bråte Anders , Wittemann Alexandra , Robinson Jessica Yarin , Zeyringer Marianne , Sirotko‐Sibirskaya Natalia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcross Europe, negative public opinion has and may continue to limit the deployment of renewable energy infrastructure required for the transition to net‐zero energy systems. Understanding public sentiment and its spatio‐temporal variations is as such important for decision‐making and for developing socially accepted energy systems. In this study, we apply a sentiment classification model based on a machine learning framework for natural language processing, NorBERT, on data collected from Twitter between 2006 and 2022 to analyse the case of wind power opposition in Norway. From the 68,828 tweets with geospatial information, we show how discussions about wind power intensified in 2018/2019 together with a trend of more negative tweets up until 2020, both on a regional level and for Norway as a whole. Furthermore, we find weak geographical clustering in our data, indicating that discussions are country wide and not dominated by specific regional events or developments. Twitter data allow for detailed insight into the temporal nature of public sentiments and extending this research to additional case studies of technologies, countries and sources of data (e.g. newspapers, other social media) may prove important to complement traditional survey research and the understanding of public sentiment.
Development of a reverse transcriptase digital droplet polymerase chain reaction‐based approach for SARS‐CoV‐2 variant surveillance in wastewater
Authors: Van Poelvoorde Laura A. E. , Gobbo Andrea , Nauwelaerts Sarah J. D. , Verhaegen Bavo , Lesenfants Marie , Janssens Raphael , Hutse Veronik , Fraiture Marie‐Alice , De Keersmaecker Sigrid , Herman Philippe , Van Hoorde Koenraad , Roosens Nancy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn urgent need for effective surveillance strategies arose due to the global emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Although vaccines and antivirals are available, concerns persist about the evolution of new variants with potentially increased infectivity, transmissibility, and immune evasion. Therefore, variant monitoring is crucial for public health decision‐making. Wastewater‐based surveillance has proven to be an effective tool to monitor SARS‐CoV‐2 variants within populations. Specific SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are detected and quantified in wastewater in this study using a reverse transcriptase digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (RT‐ddPCR) approach. The 11 designed assays were first validated in silico using a substantial dataset of high‐quality SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes to ensure comprehensive variant coverage. The assessment of the sensitivity and specificity with reference material showed the capability of the developed assays to reliably identify target mutations while minimizing false positives and false negatives. The applicability of the assays was evaluated using wastewater samples from a wastewater treatment plant in Ghent, Belgium. The quantification of the specific mutations linked to the variants of concern present in these samples was calculated using these assays based on the detection of single mutations, which confirms their use for real‐world variant surveillance. In conclusion, this study provides an adaptable protocol to monitor SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in wastewater with high sensitivity and specificity. Its potential for broader application in other viral surveillance contexts highlights its added value for rapid response to emerging infectious diseases.Practitioner Points
Robust RT‐ddPCR methodology for specific SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern detection in wastewater.
Rigorous validation that demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity.
Demonstration of real‐world applicability using wastewater samples.
Valuable tool for rapid response to emerging infectious diseases.
Hybrid Organizing in the Military Domain
Authors: Soeters Joseph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter deals with the increasing development toward hybridity in organizations. This development can be seen in all of the organized world, including the military. Organizational hybridity refers to the dynamics that come along with the confluence of different organizational logics, varying organizational forms, and diverse identities within one single organizational configuration or close network of organizations. Such hybridity may pertain especially to the coming together of profit- and not-for-profit organizing principles; of private and public organizational values; and of standardized work and innovative, explorational work.In the military, hybrid organizing is traditionally known because of the distinctions between the various services (army, air force, navy, coast, space, and cyber) and the differences between wartime and peacetime conditions. More recently, new confluences of different organizational logics in the military have asked for attention:

Standard combat and control operations versus specialized operations.

Operational units in combinations of different nationalities.

Civilian and military organizations working together in the area of operations.

Professional military, reserve military, and civilian personnel constituting the whole of the military organization.

Arrangements of profit- and not-for-profit activities in the military.

This chapter argues that hybrid organizing is likely to stay within the military domain. This is not a bad thing per se, but it certainly needs extra managerial attention as it creates opportunities and challenges for the military organization at the same time.
Out of the Standard. Towards a Global Approach to Platform Labour
Authors: Pirone Maurilio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter challenges a taken-for-granted split in the platform critical studies: the analysis of platform labour in terms of informalization in the Global North and in terms of formalization in the Global South. Far from totally denying regional specificities in the territorialization of platform capitalism, the author tries to build a bridge between contexts defining a common logic operating through conjunctural geographies: the specific labour process implemented by platforms requires an active engagement by living labour in terms of self-entrepreneurship. This engagement can be produced through the disruption of standard labour as well as through the commodification of informal labour. In both cases, workers have to deal with an acquired dependence from the platform infrastructure. This logic, nevertheless, does not preclude the possibility to overturn self-entrepreneurialism into resistances and exit strategies.
What Urban Future: Do High-Tech Metropolises Dream of Electric Sheep?
Authors: Cuppini Niccolò 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhat urban trends are on the horizon and what are the possible futures of our cities? These questions were often raised during the peaks of the Covid-19 pandemic, generating a series of institutional aftershocks that seem to have left few lasting traces. Some have proposed, like the Colombian Carlos Moreno to the Mayor of Paris Anne Hidalgo, re-organising around the idea of 15-min cities—the possibility for every inhabitant to have access in 15 min to every possible urban service, from hospitals to schools, from gardens to sport activities, from marketplaces to leisure spaces, etc. Many architects have spoken of a “return to the rural”, fearing a mass exodus from congested urban centres. In the United States, the slogan of the “one-hour city”, a concept of infrastructure redevelopment aimed at making any place accessible within an hour, has had some success. Many Asian metropolises have seen a significant acceleration in urban digitalisation processes. Numerous other popular ideas also emerged between 2020 and 2021, which we will not go into here, particularly as most of them seem to have remained stuck at the level of announcements and desires rather than becoming concrete projects and policies. There are many reasons for this, but one stands out: increasingly fewer institutions (including municipalities, regions, states, and others) have the power, tools, and knowledge to really intervene in the urban future.
Ketamine’s rapid and sustained antidepressant effects are driven by distinct mechanisms
Authors: Rawat Radhika , Tunc-Ozcan Elif , Dunlop Sara , Tsai Yung-Hsu , Li Fangze , Bertossi Ryan , Peng Chian-Yu , Kessler John A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdministration of multiple subanesthetic doses of ketamine increases the duration of antidepressant effects relative to a single ketamine dose, but the mechanisms mediating this sustained effect are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ketamine’s rapid and sustained effects on affective behavior are mediated by separate and temporally distinct mechanisms. The rapid effects of a single dose of ketamine result from increased activity of immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus without an increase in neurogenesis. Treatment with six doses of ketamine over two weeks doubled the duration of behavioral effects after the final ketamine injection. However, unlike ketamine’s rapid effects, this more sustained behavioral effect did not correlate with increased immature neuron activity but instead correlated with increased numbers of calretinin-positive and doublecortin-positive immature neurons. This increase in neurogenesis was associated with a decrease in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, a known inhibitor of neurogenesis. Injection of a BMP4-expressing lentivirus into the dentate gyrus maintained BMP signaling in the niche and blocked the sustained – but not the rapid – behavioral effects of ketamine, indicating that decreased BMP signaling is necessary for ketamine’s sustained effects. Thus, although the rapid effects of ketamine result from increased activity of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus without requiring an increase in neurogenesis, ketamine’s sustained effects require a decrease in BMP signaling and increased neurogenesis along with increased neuron activity. Understanding ketamine’s dual mechanisms of action should help with the development of new rapid-acting therapies that also have safe, reliable, and sustained effects.
Urologie in der Oberpfalz – Was uns Archäologie, historische Forschung und Geschichtsschreibung verraten
Authors: Otto W. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit dem Jahr 1924 gibt es in Deutschland die Möglichkeit, eine Facharztanerkennung für Urologie zu erwerben. Bereits im ausgehenden Kaiserreich und der Weimarer Republik entstanden erste Klinikabteilungen zur Behandlung urologischer Krankheitsbilder. Der Beginn fachärztlicher Versorgung im bayerischen Regierungsbezirk Oberpfalz, in Teilen bis in die zweite Hälfte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts hinein als „Armenhaus“ Deutschlands bekannt, liegt aber deutlich später. Dennoch lässt sich hier die Linie „urologischer“ Tätigkeit in sehr viel weiter zurückliegende Epochen zurückverfolgen. Dabei muss es als naturgemäß hingenommen werden, dass die Nachweislage in längst vergangenen Zeiten schwach ausgeprägt ist. Zumal bei einem Thema wie der Krankenbehandlung und Gesundheitserhaltung, das uns Heutigen nicht nur als Wissenschaft, sondern auch ganz individuell oft als zentraler Lebensschwerpunkt gilt, in der Geschichte aber oft genug nur in der Seuchenbekämpfung und in anekdotischen Beschreibungen ihren Ausdruck fand. Ein Umstand, der beim Blick in die Geschichte der Urologie freilich die ein oder andere interessante Quelle erhoffen lässt. So möchte der vorliegende Beitrag nicht nur die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Urologie in zeithistorischer Prägung bis in unsere Tage in einem ländlich geprägten Raum nachzeichnen, sondern auch auf die Behandlung urologischer Krankheitsbilder in diesem Gebiet seit der Spätantike eingehen – und dazu einladen, an anderen Erinnerungsorten der Urologie ähnlich zu verfahren.
Wave scattering problems in exterior domains with the method of fundamental solutions
Authors: Alves Carlos J. S. , Antunes Pedro R. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe method of fundamental solutions has been mainly applied to wave scattering problems in bounded domains and to our knowledge there have not been works addressing density results for general shapes, or addressing the calculation of the complex resonance frequencies that occur in exterior problems. We prove density and convergence of the fundamental solutions approximation in the context of wave scattering problems, with and without a priori knowledge of the frequency, which is of particular importance to detect resonance frequencies for trapping domains. We also present several numerical results that illustrate the good performance of the method in the calculation of complex resonance frequencies for trapping and non trapping domains in 2D and 3D.
The acute effects of cannabis, with and without cannabidiol, on attentional bias to cannabis related cues: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
Authors: Hall Daniel , Lawn Will , Ofori Shelan , Trinci Katie , Borissova Anya , Mokrysz Claire , Petrilli Kat , Bloomfield Michael A. P. , Wall Matthew B. , Freeman Tom P. , Curran H. Valerie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Attentional bias to drug-related stimuli is hypothesised to contribute towards addiction. However, the acute effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on attentional bias to cannabis cues, the differential response in adults and adolescents, and the moderating effect of cannabidiol (CBD) are unknown.

Objectives
Our study investigated (1) the acute effects of vaporised cannabis on attentional bias to cannabis-related images in adults and adolescents and (2) the moderating influences of age and CBD.

Methods
We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study where three weight-adjusted vaporised cannabis preparations: ‘THC’ (8 mg THC for a 75-kg person), ‘THC + CBD’ (8 mg THC and 24 mg CBD for a 75-kg person) and PLA (matched placebo). Cannabis was administered on 3 separate days to 48 participants, who used cannabis 0.5–3 days/week: 24 adolescents (12 females, aged 16–17) and 24 adults (12 females, aged 26–29). Participants completed a visual probe task with cannabis cues. Our primary outcome was attentional bias to cannabis stimuli, measured using the differential reaction time to a cannabis vs. neutral probe, on 200-ms trials.

Results
In contrast to hypotheses, attention was directed away from cannabis cues on placebo, and there was a main effect of the drug (F(2,92) = 3.865, p = 0.024, η2p = 0.077), indicating THC administration eliminated this bias. There was no significant impact of CBD nor an age-by-drug interaction.

Conclusions
Acute THC intoxication eliminated attentional bias away from cannabis cues. There was no evidence of differential response in adolescents compared to adults and no evidence that a moderate vaporised dose of CBD altered the impact of cannabis on attentional bias.

Trial registration
This study was listed with the US National Library of Medicine and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, URL: Do Adolescents and Adults Differ in Their Acute Response to Cannabis?—Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT04851392.