bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the murine homologue of the DC-derived protein DC-SCRIPT
Authors: Triantis Vassilis , Moulin Veronique , Looman Maaike W G , Hartgers Franca C , Janssen Richard A J , Adema Gosse J 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Dendritic cell-specific transcript (DC-SCRIPT) is a putative DC zinc (Zn) finger-type transcription factor described recently in humans. Here, we illustrate that DC-SCRIPT is highly conserved in evolution and report the initial characterization of the murine ortholog of DC-SCRIPT, which is also preferentially expressed in DC as shown by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and its distribution resembles that of its human counterpart. Studies undertaken in human embryonic kidney 293 cells depict its nuclear localization and reveal that the Zn finger domain of the protein is mainly responsible for nuclear import. The human and the mouse genes are located in syntenic chromosomal regions and exhibit a similar genomic organization with numerous common transcription factor-binding sites in their promoter region, including sites for many factors implicated in haematopoiesis and DC biology, such as Gfi, GATA-1, Spi-B, and c-Rel. Taken together, these data show that DC-SCRIPT is well-conserved in evolution and that the mouse homologue is more than 80% homologous to the human protein. Therefore, mouse models can be used to elucidate the function of this novel DC marker.
Estimated Risk for Developing Autoimmune Addison’s Disease in Patients with Adrenal Cortex Autoantibodies
Authors: Coco Graziella , Dal Pra Chiara , Presotto Fabio , Albergoni Maria Paola , Canova Cristina , Pedini Beniamino , Zanchetta Renato , Chen Shu , Furmaniak Jadwiga , Rees Smith Bernard , Mantero Franco , Betterle Corrado 
Published: March 2006

Context: Patients with adrenal cortex autoantibodies (ACA) without overt autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) are at risk of adrenal failure.Design: To assess the contribution of different clinical, immunological, genetic, and functional factors in the progression to AAD, we followed up 100 ACA-positive and 63 ACA-negative patients without AAD for a maximum of 21 yr (mean 6.0 yr, median 4.8). ACA were measured by immunofluorescence and 21-OH autoantibodies (Abs) by RIA. Adrenal function was assessed by measuring basal levels of cortisol, aldosterone, ACTH, renin activity, and cortisol response to ACTH. The risk of developing AAD was calculated using survival and multivariate analyses.Results: AAD developed in 31 ACA-positive patients and one ACA-negative patient. The cumulative risk of disease in ACA-positive patients was 48.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 40.8–56.1]. The cumulative risk was higher in children than adults (100 vs. 31.9%; P &lt; 0.0001), males than females (68.6 vs. 42.7%; P = 0.006), patients with subclinical rather than normal adrenal function at entry (87.4 vs. 30.1%; P &lt; 0.0001), patients with hypoparathyroidism and/or candidiasis than patients with other autoimmune or nonautoimmune diseases (100 vs. 29.7%; P &lt; 0.0001), and patients with high rather than low-medium ACA titers (62.8 vs. 41.2%; P = 0.12). The presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 did not appear to contribute to the prediction of AAD. Adjusted hazard ratios by Cox model for the development of AAD were 3.37 for males (CI 1.38–8.24), 5.23 for hypoparathyroidism and/or candidiasis (CI 1.53–17.92), 3.33 for high antibody titers (CI 1.43–7.78), and 6.15 for impaired adrenal function at entry (CI 2.79–13.57).Conclusions: These results were used to construct a risk algorithm for estimating the probability of developing AAD from the combination of gender, age, adrenal function, antibody titer, and associated autoimmune disorders at entry. The values of estimated risk could be used to decide appropriate follow-up intervals and future immunointervention strategies.
Effects of Obesity, Body Composition, and Adiponectin on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Women
Authors: Lo Janet , Dolan Sara E. , Kanter Jenna R. , Hemphill Linda C. , Connelly Jean M. , Lees Robert S. , Grinspoon Steven K. 
Published: March 2006

Context: Increased common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is predictive of coronary artery disease and stroke.
Objective: In this study, we investigated common carotid IMT by obesity category in a cohort of healthy women without previously known cardiovascular disease.
Design, Setting, Participants, and Main Outcome Measures: One hundred healthy women (aged 24–59 yr) from the general community enrolled in an observational study conducted at an academic medical center participated in the study. B-mode ultrasound imaging of the common carotid arteries was used to measure common carotid IMT in 99 subjects. Fat distribution was determined by computed tomography. Hormonal and inflammatory parameters related to cardiovascular disease and obesity were measured.
Results: IMT was higher in obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2], compared with overweight women (BMI ≥ 25 and &lt; 30 kg/m2) [0.69 mm, interquartile range (IQR) 0.60–0.75 mm] vs. 0.62 mm [IQR 0.56–0.68 mm), P = 0.044] and in comparison with lean women (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2) [0.69 mm (IQR 0.60–0.75 mm) vs. 0.59 mm (IQR 0.54–0.67 mm), P = 0.016]. In multivariate modeling, age (beta = 0.0050 mm change in IMT per year of age, P = 0.003), smoking (beta = 0.0044 mm change in IMT per pack-year, P = 0.046), and sc abdominal adiposity (beta = 0.00026 mm change in IMT per square centimeter, P = 0.010) were positively associated with IMT, whereas adiponectin (beta = −0.0042 mm change in IMT per milligram per liter, P = 0.045) was negatively associated with IMT. Visceral adiposity (beta = 0.00048 mm change in IMT per square centimeter, P = 0.092) was not significantly associated with IMT after adjusting for age, race, smoking, sc abdominal adiposity, and adiponectin.
Conclusions: Obesity is associated with increased common carotid IMT in young and middle-aged women. Adiponectin and sc abdominal adiposity are associated with carotid IMT in this population.
Gene silencing reveals a specific function of hVps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in late versus early endosomes
Authors: Johnson Erin E. , Overmeyer Jean H. , Gunning William T. , Maltese William A. 
Published: March 2006

The human type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, hVps34, converts phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P]. Studies using inhibitors of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases have indicated that production of PtdIns(3)P is important for a variety of vesicle-mediated trafficking events, including endocytosis, sorting of receptors in multivesicular endosomes, and transport of lysosomal enzymes from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the endosomes and lysosomes. This study utilizes small interfering (si)RNA-mediated gene silencing to define the specific trafficking pathways in which hVps34 functions in human U-251 glioblastoma cells. Suppression of hVps34 expression reduced the cellular growth rate and caused a striking accumulation of large acidic phase-lucent vacuoles that contain lysosomal membrane proteins LAMP1 and LGP85. Analysis of these structures by electron microscopy suggests that they represent swollen late endosomes that have lost the capacity for inward vesiculation but retain the capacity to fuse with lysosomes. Morphological perturbation of the late endosome compartment was accompanied by a reduced rate of processing of the endosomal intermediate form of cathepsin D to the mature lysosomal form. There was also a reduction in the rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dephosphorylation and degradation following ligand stimulation, consistent with the retention of the EGFR on the limiting membranes of the enlarged late endosomes. By contrast, the suppression of hVps34 expression did not block trafficking of cathepsin D between the TGN and late endosomes, or endocytic uptake of fluid-phase markers, or association of a PtdIns(3)P-binding protein, EEA1, with early endosomes. LAMP1-positive vacuoles were depleted of PtdIns(3)P in the hVps34-knockdown cells, as judged by their inability to bind the PtdIns(3)P probe GFP-2xFYVE. By contrast, LAMP1-negative vesicles continued to bind GFP-2xFYVE in the knockdown cells.
Overall, these findings indicate that hVps34 plays a major role in generating PtdIns(3)P for internal vesicle formation in multivesicular/late endosomes. The findings also unexpectedly suggest that other wortmannin-sensitive kinases and/or polyphosphoinositide phosphatases may be able to compensate for the loss of hVps34 and maintain PtdIns(3)P levels required for vesicular trafficking in the early endocytic pathway or the TGN.
Excited-State Double-Proton Transfer in the 7-Azaindole Dimer in the Gas Phase. Resolution of the Stepwise versus Concerted Mechanism Controversy and a New Paradigm
Authors: Sekiya Hiroshi , Sakota Kenji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The 7-azaindole dimer (7AI2) is a prototype of double hydrogen-bonded molecules. 7AI2 has been considered as a model DNA base pair and has attracted much attention to the mechanism of the excited-state double-proton transfer (ESDPT). Two ESDPT mechanisms, stepwise and concerted mechanisms, have been proposed so far. Great efforts have been devoted to clarify the mechanism of ESDPT using experimental and theoretical methods. However, the reaction mechanism had been controversial for more than a decade. We provide the resolution of the two mechanisms on the basis of new data obtained from electronic spectroscopy and picosecond time-resolved spectroscopy in the gas phase. The initial state of the ESDPT reaction has been well characterized by investigating the exciton resonance interaction with UV–UV hole-burning spectroscopy for various 7AI2 isotopomers. The lowest-excited state of 7AI2 has been classified into the weak coupling case of the exciton theory. We have concluded that the ESDPT reaction in 7AI2 occurs via the concerted mechanism on the basis of the results of picosecond time-resolved experiments and the H/D kinetic isotope effect on ESDPT studied by measuring the vibronic-state selective dispersed fluorescence spectra. ESDPT of 7AI2 has a “dynamic cooperative” nature that may arise from the coupling of the two moving protons with the reorganization of electrons. We have provided a new paradigm of ESDPT, where two quantum effects, the exciton resonance interaction and the proton tunneling, are concerned with the ESDPT reaction.
Visible Light-Induced Electron Transfers in Titania Nanosheet and Mesoporous Silica Integrated Films
Authors: Yui Tatsuto , Tsuchino Takako , Akatsuka Kosho , Yamauchi Atsushi , Kobayashi Yuka , Hattori Takeshi , Haga Masa-aki , Takagi Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Two spatially different nano-structured inorganic materials, titania nanosheets (TNS) and mesoporous silica (MPS), were integrated onto a glass substrate to form stacked composite thin films. Investigations were then carried out on photoinduced electron transfers between the tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinatometal(4+) ion ([M(tmpyp)]4+); M = H2, Zn, and Co) and 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (methyl viologen; MV2+) within the hybrid films. The [M(tmpyp)]4+ molecules were found to be adsorbed only in the MPS nano-cavities, while MV2+ was intercalated only in the TNS layer, i.e., the [M(tmpyp)]4+ and MV2+ molecules could be separately and selectively accommodated into the MPS nano-cavities and TNS layers of the hybrid films, respectively. Upon UV light irradiation (TNS excitation) of the films containing [H2(tmpyp)]4+, the decomposition of [H2(tmpyp)]4+ and the formation of a one-electron reduced MV2+ (MV+•) were observed, clearly indicating photoinduced electron transfers in the MPS/TNS films. Moreover, when the metal-complex [Zn(tmpyp)]4+ or [Co(tmpyp)]4+ was used in place of [H2(tmpyp)]4+, visible light-induced electron transfers could be observed in the present MPS/TNS hybrid films, the first report of such charge separation in consecutively stacked thin films by visible light.
Theoretical Studies on the Li+ Ion Hydration System by the Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Ab Initio IMiC MO Method
Authors: Morita Shoji , Sakai Shogo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations for a lithium cation surrounded with 100 water molecules as a solvent were carried out by using an ab initio integrated multicenter molecular orbitals method (IMiC MO) with HF/6-31G(d,p) level. For the temperature of both 293 and 323 K, the first hydration shell of the lithium cation is preferred to form a tetrahedral structure including four water molecules, and is well separated from the outer hydration shell. The mechanisms for the variation of the coordination number and the exchange of solvent molecules between the first and the second hydration shells were also studied.
Kinetic Study of Radical-Scavenging and Vitamin E-Regenerating Actions of Edaravone (3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one)
Authors: Ohara Keishi , Fujii Akiko , Ichimura Yoko , Sato Kazue , Mukai Kazuo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A kinetic study was performed for edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) in order to clarify the mechanism of its free-radical-scavenging and vitamin E-regenerating actions. The second-order rate constants for the radical-scavenging reaction of edaravone were measured in several organic solvents and in a water/methanol mixed solvent at various pH. The keto–enol tautomerism and the acid–base dissociation equilibrium of edaravone produce keto, enol, and anion forms in solutions, and their contributions and activities varied depending on the properties of the solutions. From the results of NMR and kinetic studies, it has been clarified that the keto–enol tautomerism of edaravone actually exists, and the keto form has larger radical-scavenging activity than the enol form. Furthermore, the pH dependence of the rate constants suggests that the anion form produced by the acid–base dissociation equilibrium of edaravone has the highest radical-scavenging activity in the keto, enol, and anion forms.
Spin-Crossover Behaviors of Iron(III) Compounds with Strong Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Hayami Shinya , Miyazaki Soushi , Yamamoto Masahiko , Hiki Kenji , Motokawa Natsuko , Shuto Aya , Inoue Katsuya , Shinmyozu Teruo , Maeda Yonezo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Iron(III) spin-crossover compounds with H3-OMe-salRen ligands [Fe(3-OMe-salRen)2]ClO4 (1–5) were prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, and electronic spectra, where 3-OMe-salRen is a tridentate ligand derived from 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde and N-R-ethylenediamine (R = H, Me, Et, Pr, and Bu for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). The structures of compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 at 90 and 298 K, and that of compound 4 at 298 K were determined. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 exhibited a spin transition depending on temperature; the transition temperatures for 1, 2, 3, and 5 were &gt;400, 360, 196, and 223 K, respectively. Compound 4 was in the high-spin state in the temperature range of 5 to 400 K. σ–π or π–π interactions exist in compounds 1–5, and the structures of the compounds were made clear in both the high-spin and low-spin states. Compound 3 exhibited a spin transition with thermal hysteresis.
A Spectroscopic Index for Estimating the Age of Amber
Authors: Kimura Hideaki , Tsukada Yoshimi , Mita Hajime , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Chujo Riichiro , Yukawa Tomohisa 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Solid-state 13C NMR characterization of cross-linkage formation between the exocyclic methylene groups of labdane polymers in amber demonstrated that the process is an apparent first-order reaction with a half-life of ≈13 million years.
Efficient Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Reactions of 1,4,6,9-Tetraisopropylchalcogenanthrenes
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Ogawa Satoshi , Sugawara Mutsumi , Kawai Yasushi , Sato Ryu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
1,4,7,10-Tetraisopropyldibenzo[c,g][1,2,5,6]tetrachalcogenocins that were readily synthesized from 4,7-diisopropyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3,2-benzodichalcogenastannoles underwent selective ring contraction under irradiation with a high-pressure mercury lamp to give the corresponding 1,4,6,9-tetraisopropylchalcogenanthrenes having bulky substituents on the benzene ring at adjacent positions of the 6-membered dichalcogenin unit in moderate yields. X-ray crystal structure determination of 1,4,6,9-tetraisopropylthianthrene revealed that the substituents of bulky substituents such as isopropyl groups scarcely affected the structure of the parent dithiin framework. Measurements of the cyclic voltammetry of thianthrene showed a well-defined reversible redox property, whereas the voltammograms of selenium-containing analogues showed irreversible oxidation waves. In contrast to electrical observations, facile reversible one-electron redox reaction systems were observed between the chalcogenanthrenes and the corresponding chalcogenanthrenium radical cations by chemical oxidation or reduction reactions.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Polyol Subunit of the Macrolide Antibiotic, Ossamycin: A Unique Approach Utilizing Stereochemical Specificity
Authors: Kutsumura Noriki , Nishiyama Shigeru 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of the C1–C16 polyol subunit 2 of the macrolide antibiotic ossamycin (1) has been achieved through stepwise carbon-chain elongation reaction from d-glucose, based on a chiral pool approach. An outstanding point of this strategy is asymmetric induction by utilizing steric hindrance of neighboring groups. The stereogenic centers at the C4 and C5 positions of 2 were constructed by mCPBA epoxidation, and the C6 and C7 positions of 2 were produced by catalytic OsO4 dihydroxylation under highly stereoselective conditions.
6-Nitro-2-benzothiazolyl α-Mannoside: A Highly Efficient Mannosyl Donor in Constructing β-Man(1→4)GlcN Linkage and Its Application to the Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide Core of N-Glycans
Authors: Mandai Hiroki , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
An efficient and concise synthesis of the β-Man(1→4)GlcN linkage that exists in N-linked glycans has been established. Direct β-mannosylations of the 4-OH group of glucosamine derivatives by using 6-nitro-2-benzothiazolyl 3,6-di-O-allyl-2,4-di-O-benzyl-α-d-mannopyranoside (3α) proceed smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of HB(C6F5)4 in CH2Cl2 at −78 °C to afford the desired β-mannosides in high yields. The β-trisaccharide 14β, a key building block for the synthesis of the pentasaccharide core 20, is directly prepared from the mannosyl donor 3α and chitobiose acceptor 10 in high yield. In addition, this mannosylation method has successfully been applied to a wide range of glycosyl acceptors derived from glucosamine in a highly efficient manner. Further, the pentasaccharide core 20 that is commonly present in N-linked glycans can also be synthesized readily according to this direct mannosylation strategy.
A Simple Synthesis of 4H-1,3-Benzodioxin-2-one Derivatives by Iodocyclization of t-Butyl o-Vinylphenyl Carbonate Derivatives
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Nakamura Daizo , Miyamoto Kazuna , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The first general method for the synthesis of 4H-1,3-benzodioxin-2-one derivatives has been developed. Treatment of t-butyl 2-vinylphenyl carbonates with iodine in the presence of sodium hydrogencarbonate gave 4-iodomethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-2-one derivatives in moderate to good yields. These iodides were reduced with tributyltin hydride to give the corresponding 4-methyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-2-one derivatives.
Functional Group Compatible Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions between Aryllithium and Aryl Halide Mediated by a Five-Membered Cyclic Silyl Ether
Authors: Son Eun-Cheol , Tsuji Hayato , Saeki Tomoyuki , Tamao Kohei 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A functional group compatible palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between aryllithiums and aryl halides mediated by a five-membered cyclic silyl ether as a precursor for an activated arylsilane has been developed. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions without the addition of a fluoride salt or a base to activate the silyl reagent.
Utilization of Industrially Available 2,3-Dichloro-1,3-butadiene for Direct Synthesis of 2,3-Diaryl-1,3-butadienes
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Yasuda Takuma , Kobayashi Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Isao , Koizumi Take-aki , Ishii Daisuke , Nakagawa Masaru , Mashiko Yoshihiro , Shimizu Norihiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
It is shown that industrially available 2,3-dichloro-1,3-butadiene is a useful starting material for the synthesis of 2,3-diaryl-1,3-butadienes. Ni(II)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1,3-butadiene with ArMgBr (Ar = 2-thienyl, phenyl, 4-dodecyloxyphenyl, and 4-fluorophenyl) gives the corresponding 2,3-diaryl-1,3-butadienes in good yields.
Precision of Landmark Positioning on Digitized Models from Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Brief Jakob , Behle Jan H. , Stellzig-Eisenhauer Angelika , Hassfeld Stefan 
Published: March 2006

Objective To quantify the precision of landmark positioning on digitized casts of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Patients Forty plaster models of newborns up to 8 months of age were selected from the archive of the Department of Orthodontics of the University of Heidelberg. Material and Method The plaster-cast models were digitized with a Micromeasure 70 three-dimensional laser scanner (Micromeasure, Bischoffen, Germany). The laser scanner used in this study operates with a precision of 0.15 mm on the x- and y-axes and 0.06 mm on the z-axis. In the intraobserver study, a single observer placed anatomical landmarks in four rounds, with at least 4 weeks between each round. In the interobserver study, four different observers each placed the same landmarks once. For the two different studies, an ideal location for each landmark was calculated by averaging the landmark positions of the four rounds or observers. The distance between each of the four landmark positions and the ideal landmark was measured. Results A 95% confidence interval for the landmark positioning error was calculated. For the intraobserver investigation, this error was 0.34 to 1.30 mm, and for the interobserver investigation it was 0.7 to 2.00 mm. Conclusion Because both investigations displayed comparable error intervals, it was concluded that different observers could perform landmark positioning for the same studies.
Determination of Facial Symmetry in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients from Three-Dimensional Data: Technical Report and Assessment of Measurement Errors
Authors: Nkenke Emeka , Lehner Bernhard , Kramer Manuel , Haeusler Gerd , Benz Stefanie , Schuster Maria , Neukam Friedrich W. , Vairaktaris Eleftherios G. , Wurm Jochen 
Published: March 2006

Objective To assess measurement errors of a novel technique for the three-dimensional determination of the degree of facial symmetry in patients suffering from unilateral cleft lip and palate malformations. Design Technical report, reliability study. Setting Cleft Lip and Palate Center of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. Patients The three-dimensional facial surface data of five 10-year-old unilateral cleft lip and palate patients were subjected to the analysis. Distances, angles, surface areas, and volumes were assessed twice. Main Outcome Measures Calculations were made for method error, intraclass correlation coefficient, and repeatability of the measurements of distances, angles, surface areas, and volumes. Results The method errors were less than 1 mm for distances and less than 1.5° for angles. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed values greater than .90 for all parameters. The repeatability values were comparable for cleft and noncleft sides. Conclusion The small method errors, high intraclass correlation coefficients, and comparable repeatability values for cleft and noncleft sides reveal that the new technique is appropriate for clinical use.