bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Development and Differentiation During Human Liver Organogenesis
Authors: Collardeau‐Frachon Sophie , Scoazec Jean‐Yves 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe vascular architecture of the human liver is established at the end of a complex embryological history. The hepatic primordium emerges at the 4th week and is in contact with two major venous systems of the fetal circulation: the vitelline veins and the umbilical veins. The fetal architecture of the afferent venous circulation of the liver is acquired between the 4th and the 6th week. At the end of this process, the portal vein is formed from several distinct segments of the vitelline veins; the portal sinus, deriving from the subhepatic intervitelline anastomosis, connects the umbilical vein, which is the predominant vessel of the fetal liver, to the portal system; the ductus venosus connects the portal sinus to the vena cava inferior. At birth, the umbilical vein and the ductus venosus collapse; the portal vein becomes the only afferent vein of the liver. The efferent venous vessels of the liver derive from the vitelline veins and are formed between the 4th and the 6th week. The hepatic artery forms at the 8th week; intrahepatic arterial branches progressively extend from the central to the peripheral areas of the liver between the 10th and the 15th week. Hepatic sinusoids appear very early, as soon as hepatic cords invade the septum transversum at the 4th week. They then progressively acquire their distinctive structural and functional characters, through a multistage process. Vascular development and differentiation during liver organogenesis is, therefore, a unique process; many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Anat Rec, 291:614–627, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Odorant Responsiveness of Squid Olfactory Receptor Neurons
Authors: Mobley Arie Sitthichai , Michel William C. , Lucero Mary T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the olfactory organ of the squid, Lolliguncula brevis there are five morphological types of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Previous work to characterize odor sensitivity of squid ORNs was performed on only two of the five types in dissociated primary cell cultures. Here, we sought to establish the odorant responsiveness of all five types. We exposed live squid or intact olfactory organs to excitatory odors plus the activity marker, agmatine (AGB), an arginine derivative that enters cells through nonselective cation channels. An antibody against AGB was used to identify odorant‐activated neurons. We were able to determine the ORN types of AGB‐labeled cells based on their location in the epithelium, morphology and immunolabeling by a set of metabolites: arginine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine, and glutathione. Of 389 neurons identified from metabolite‐labeled tissue, 3% were type 1, 32% type 2, 33% type 3, 15% type 4, and 17% type 5. Each ORN type had different odorant specificity with type 3 cells showing the highest percentages of odorant‐stimulated AGB labeling. Type 1 cells were rare and none of the identified type 1 cells responded to the tested odorants, which included glutamate, alanine and AGB. Glutamate is a behaviorally attractive odorant and elicited AGB labeling in types 2 and 3. Glutamate‐activated AGB labeling was significantly reduced in the presence of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, SQ22536 (80 μM). These data suggest that the five ORN types differ in their relative abundance and odor responsiveness and that the adenylate cyclase pathway is involved in squid olfactory transduction. Anat Rec, 291:763‐774, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subdigital Setae of Narrow‐Toed Geckos, Including a Eublepharid (Aeluroscalabotes felinus)
Authors: Peattie Anne M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSubdigital adhesive setae have previously been documented in all legged gecko families except the Eublepharidae. I present evidence that members of Aeluroscalabotes felinus, the only arboreal eublepharids, possess subdigital setae up to 9 μm in length. This discovery suggests that the conditions leading to adhesive setae were probably present in the ancestors of all geckos, rather than arising multiple times within Gekkota. The digits and setae of Aeluroscalabotes resemble those of other climbing, bent‐toed geckos. I describe the setal morphology of the following bent‐toed species: Cyrtodactylus peguensis, Gonatodes albogularis, and Pristurus rupestris. The presence of subdigital setae is highly correlated with an arboreal lifestyle across geckos and other lizards such as anoles and skinks. Although relatively simple in form, these setae likely confer additional traction that significantly benefits climbing species. Further developmental and biomechanical studies comparing these species with more agile climbers like the Tokay will improve our understanding of the evolutionary processes leading to adhesive setae, and consequently inform engineers attempting to fabricate effective artificial gecko setae. Anat Rec, 291:869‐875, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryology of Extra‐ and Intrahepatic Bile Ducts, the Ductal plate
Authors: Roskams T. , Desmet V. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the human embryo, the first anlage of the bile ducts and the liver is the hepatic diverticulum or liver bud. For up to 8 weeks of gestation, the extrahepatic biliary tree develops through lengthening of the caudal part of the hepatic diverticulum. This structure is patent from the beginning and remains patent and in continuity with the developing liver at all stages. The hepatic duct (ductus hepaticus) develops from the cranial part (pars hepatica) of the hepatic diverticulum. The distal portions of the right and left hepatic ducts develop from the extrahepatic ducts and are clearly defined tubular structures by 12 weeks of gestation. The proximal portions of the main hilar ducts derive from the first intrahepatic ductal plates. The extrahepatic bile ducts and the developing intrahepatic biliary tree maintain luminal continuity from the very start of organogenesis throughout further development, contradicting a previous study in the mouse suggesting that the extrahepatic bile duct system develops independently from the intrahepatic biliary tree and that the systems are initially discontinuous but join up later. The normal development of intrahepatic bile ducts requires finely timed and precisely tuned epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, which proceed from the hilum of the liver toward its periphery along the branches of the developing portal vein. Lack of remodeling of the ductal plate results in the persistence of an excess of embryonic bile duct structures remaining in their primitive ductal plate configuration. This abnormality has been termed the ductal plate malformation. Anat Rec, 291:628–635, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Covalent Attachment of Bacteriorhodopsin Monolayer to Bromo‐terminated Solid Supports: Preparation, Characterization, and Protein Stability
Authors: Jin Yongdong , Girshevitz Olga , Friedman Noga , Ron Izhar , Cahen David , Sheves Mordechai 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe interfacing of functional proteins with solid supports and the study of related protein‐adsorption behavior are promising and important for potential device applications. In this study, we describe the preparation of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) monolayers on Br‐terminated solid supports through covalent attachment. The bonding, by chemical reaction of the exposed free amine groups of bR with the pendant Br group of the chemically modified solid surface, was confirmed both by negative AFM results obtained when acetylated bR (instead of native bR) was used as a control and by weak bands observed at around 1610 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum. The coverage of the resultant bR monolayer was significantly increased by changing the pH of the purple‐membrane suspension from 9.2 to 6.8. Although bR, which is an exceptionally stable protein, showed a pronounced loss of its photoactivity in these bR monolayers, it retained full photoactivity after covalent binding to Br‐terminated alkyls in solution. Several characterization methods, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact potential difference (CPD) measurements, and UV/Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, verified that these bR monolayers behaved significantly different from native bR. Current–voltage (I–V) measurements (and optical absorption spectroscopy) suggest that the retinal chromophore is probably still present in the protein, whereas the UV/Vis spectrum suggests that it lacks the characteristic covalent protonated Schiff base linkage. This finding sheds light on the unique interactions of biomolecules with solid surfaces and may be significant for the design of protein‐containing device structures.
Ruthenium–Olefin Complexes: Effect of Ligand Variation upon Geometry
Authors: Anderson Donde R. , O'Leary Daniel J. , Grubbs Robert H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe development of a model system to study ruthenium–olefin complexes relevant to the mechanism of olefin metathesis has been reported recently. Upon addition of the ligand precursor 1,2‐divinylbenzene to [RuCl2(Py)2(H2IMes)(CHPh)] (H2IMes=1,3‐dimesityl‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene), two ruthenium–olefin adducts are formed. Based on 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments and X‐ray crystallographic analysis, these complexes are assigned as side‐bound isomers in which the olefin and H2IMes ligands are coordinated cis to each other. Herein is reported an investigation of the generality of these observations through variation of the N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand and the ligand precursor.
Incidence of early pseudo‐progression in a cohort of malignant glioma patients treated with chemoirradiation with temozolomide
Authors: Taal Walter , Brandsma Dieta , de Bruin Hein G. , Bromberg Jacoline E. , Swaak‐Kragten Annemarie T. , Sillevis Smitt Peter A. E. , van Es Corine A. , van den Bent Martin J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Radiotherapy (RT) plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) is now the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The occurrence of pseudo‐progression directly after RT is a recognized phenomenon, but to the authors' knowledge its incidence after combined RT/TMZ is unknown. The occurrence of early pseudo‐progression was retrospectively assessed in a cohort of malignant glioma patients treated with RT/TMZ.METHODS.The pre‐RT and post‐RT brain scans from patients treated with RT/TMZ for a malignant glioma were reviewed. Scans were made before the start of RT, 4 weeks after the end of RT, and every 3 months thereafter. In addition, information was collected regarding clinical signs and symptoms, dexamethasone dose, histology, and survival.RESULTS.Eighty‐five patients were identified. In 36 patients (42%) the first follow‐up scan 4 weeks after the end of RT indicated disease progression. Of these 36 patients, 18 (50%) were diagnosed with pseudo‐progression. None of the patients received additional treatment other than TMZ. Six of 18 patients with pseudo‐progression and 12 of the 18 patients with real tumor progression developed new clinical signs and symptoms during RT or in the first 4 weeks thereafter.CONCLUSIONS.Up to 50% of malignant glioma patients treated with RT/TMZ and progression immediately after RT develop pseudo‐progression. The current study data support the idea to continue TMZ in the case of progressive lesions immediately after RT/TMZ. Surgery should be considered in symptomatic cases. The inclusion of patients with progressive lesions developing directly after chemoradiation in studies regarding recurrent gliomas will lead to an overestimation of the results. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Role of repeated biopsy of the prostate in predicting disease progression in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance
Authors: Al Otaibi Mohammed , Ross Philip , Fahmy Nader , Jeyaganth Suganthiny , Trottier Helen , Sircar Kanishka , Bégin Louis R. , Souhami Luis , Kassouf Wassim , Aprikian Armen , Tanguay Simon 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Active surveillance (AS) with deferred treatment is an established management option for patients with prostate cancer and favorable clinical parameters. The impact of repeat biopsy after diagnosis was examined in a cohort of men with prostate cancer on AS.METHODS.In all, 186 men with prostate cancer with favorable parameters or who refused treatment were conservatively managed by AS. Of these, 92 patients had at least 1 biopsy after diagnosis. Patients were followed every 3 to 6 months with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and physical examination and were offered rebiopsy annually or if there were any changes on physical examination or in the PSA value. Disease progression while on AS was defined as having ≥1 of the following: ≥cT2b disease, ≥3 positive cores, >50% of cancer in at least 1 core, or a predominant Gleason pattern of 4 in rebiopsies.RESULTS.The median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 67 years (range, 49–78 years). The median follow‐up was 76 months (range, 20–169 months). Of the 92 patients who underwent repeat biopsies, 42 patients, 25 patients, 13 patients, 10 patients, and 2 patients had 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 rebiopsies, respectively. A total of 34 patients (36%) demonstrated disease progression on rebiopsy. The first rebiopsy was positive for cancer in 48 patients (52.2%) and negative in 44 patients (47.8%). The 5‐year actuarial progression‐free probability was 82% for patients with a negative first repeat biopsy compared with 50% for patients with a positive first rebiopsy (P = .02). A PSA doubling time <67 months was associated an increased risk of disease progression on biopsy.CONCLUSIONS.Negative rebiopsy in patients with prostate cancer on AS is associated with low‐volume disease. The result of first repeated biopsy appears to have a strong impact on disease progression. Patients with a positive first repeated biopsy should be considered for treatment. An intensive biopsy protocol within the first 2 years is required to identify and treat those patients. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Clinical and biologic features and treatment outcome of children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and hyperleukocytosis
Authors: Inaba Hiroto , Fan Ying , Pounds Stanley , Geiger Terrence L. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Razzouk Bassem I. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with hyperleukocytosis often is associated with early complications. To the authors' knowledge, no recently published study has evaluated the management and clinical course in this regard, especially in relation to pediatric patients.METHODS.The authors reviewed 579 patients with newly diagnosed pediatric AML who were treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital from 1968 to 2002 and carefully examined 106 patients with initial leukocyte counts ≥100 ×109/L and French‐American‐British (FAB) AML subtypes other than M3. These patients with hyperleukocytosis were divided into 2 groups—‘before’ (early period; 70 patients) and ‘after’ (late period; 36 patients) the initiation of the AML‐83 protocol—to address potential differences in supportive measures (including leukoreduction).RESULTS.Forty‐five patients (42.5%) had early complications that were associated strongly with M4 and M5 FAB subtypes and had higher initial leukocyte counts than the patients without complications. Early deaths were less common in the late period (2.8%) than in the early period (22.9%; P = .01), although the incidence of early complications was similar. The late period was associated with a shorter time for referral (P = .0018), a longer time from admission to chemotherapy initiation (P < .0001), and lower white blood cell counts at chemotherapy initiation (P < .0001). In the late period, patients with or without hyperleukocytosis had similar complete remission rates. However, those with hyperleukocytosis had a lower postremission 10‐year event‐free survival rate (21.2% vs 41.7%; P = .0228).CONCLUSIONS.With improved management, including supportive care, early mortality in patients with AML and hyperleukocytosis decreased remarkably in the more recent period. However, better postremission treatment is required to improve long‐term survival. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Randomized phase 2 study of irinotecan plus cisplatin versus gemcitabine plus vinorelbine as first‐line chemotherapy with second‐line crossover in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Han Ji‐Youn , Lee Dae Ho , Song Jung Eun , Lee Sung Young , Kim Hyae Young , Kim Heung Tae , Lee Jin Soo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The current study was performed to compare the nonplatinum‐based combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine (GV) with the combination of irinotecan and cisplatin (IP) as first‐line chemotherapy with second‐line crossover in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS.Patients were randomly assigned to received either irinotecan at a dose of 65 mg/m2 plus cisplatin at a dose of 30 mg/m2 (Arm A) or gemcitabine at a dose of 900 mg/m2 plus vinorelbine at a dose of 25 mg/m2 (Arm B), each of which was administered on Days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks as the first‐line therapy followed by crossover at the time of disease progression.RESULTS.A total of 146 patients were enrolled (75 patients in Arm A and 71 patients in Arm B); 138 patients were evaluable for tumor response and toxicity. During first‐line therapy, IP was found to result in more grade 2+ nausea and vomiting (toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]) (41% vs 12%; P = .0001) and alopecia (36% vs 10%; P = .0003). Pneumonitis was noted only with GV therapy (7% vs 0%; P = .058). During second‐line therapy, IP was found to result in more grade 3 diarrhea (17% vs 2%; P = .039) and GV featured more cases of grade 3+ neutropenia (78% vs 40%; P = .0003). IP tended to generate more tumor responses (38% vs 26% as first‐line therapy, and 30% vs 13% as second‐line therapy) compared with GV. IP also demonstrated a favorable trend in median progression‐free survival (4.6 months vs 3.8 months as first‐line therapy and 4.5 months vs 2.6 months as second‐line therapy) and overall survival (15.9 months vs 13.1 months; P = .3), but this difference was not statistically significant. The majority of patients who were refractory to IP also failed to respond to GV in the second‐line setting.CONCLUSIONS.The platinum‐based IP regimen appeared to be superior to the GV combination in terms of response rate. However, given the similar survival and better tolerability of the nonplatinum GV regimen, either treatment sequence would appear to be acceptable for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Update on vegetable lecithin and phospholipid technologies
Authors: van Nieuwenhuyzen Willem , Tomás Mabel C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper reviews the production technologies for sourcing lecithins from the oil‐bearing seeds soybean, rapeseed and sunflower kernel. The phospholipid composition is measured by newly developed HPLC‐LSD and 31P‐NMR methods. The phospholipid compositions of the three types of lecithin show small differences, while the fatty acid composition is largely equivalent to the oil source. Regulatory specifications (FAO/WHO, EU, FCC) and DGF and AOCS analytical methods for product quality are compiled. Phospholipid modifications by enzymatic hydrolysis, solvent fractionation, acetylating and hydroxylation processes result in lecithins with specific enhanced hydrophilicity and oil‐in‐water emulsifying properties. New available phospholipase and lipase enzymes represent opportunities for the esterification of phospholipids with special omega fatty acids and serine groups. Application characteristics are given for use in yellow fat spreads, baked goods, chocolate, agglomerated instant powders, liposome encapsulation, animal feed, food supplements and pharmaceutics.
Classification of the fragrance properties of chemical compounds based on support vector machine and linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Luan F. , Liu H. T. , Wen Y. Y. , Zhang X. Y. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractClassification models of the fragrance properties of chemical compounds were performed using linear and non‐linear models. The dataset was divided into three classes on the basis of their fragrances: apple, pineapple and rose. The three‐class problem was first explored by a linear classifier approach, using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). A more accurate prediction model, the non‐linear machine‐learning technique, support vector machine (SVM), was subsequently investigated. Descriptors calculated from the molecular structures alone were used to represent the characteristics of compounds. The model containing four descriptors founded by SVM showed better predictive ability than LDA. The accuracy in the prediction for the three datasets was 96.6%, 80.0% and 100% for SVM, respectively. The results indicate that SVM can be used as a powerful modelling tool for QSAR studies and the selected descriptors can represent the fragrances of these chemical compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of spin‐orbit coupling on magnetic properties of discrete and extended magnetic systems
Authors: Dai Dadi , Xiang Hongjun , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn accounting for the magnetic properties of discrete and extended compounds with unpaired spins, it is crucial to know the nature of their ground and low‐lying excited states. In this review we surveyed quantum mechanical descriptions on how these states are affected by spin‐orbit coupling and attempted to provide a conceptual framework with which to think about spin‐orbit coupling and its applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008
Analysis of electronic structures and chemical bonding of metal‐rich compounds. I. Density functional study of Pt metal, LiPt2, LiPt, and Li2Pt
Authors: Lee Changhoon , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Köhler Jürgen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFirst principles density functional theory calculations were carried out for the series of metal‐rich compounds, LiPt2, LiPt, and Li2Pt, and elemental Pt for comparison, to probe the bonding picture that captures the essence of their electronic structures. Our analysis shows that the 5d‐electron configuration of Pt in these compounds is close to (5d)10, and the electrons released from the Li atoms in the Li/Pt binary compounds are delocalized among the Pt0 atoms and Li+ ions through the interactions of the Pt 5d orbitals of each Pt with the Pt 6s/6p of neighboring Pt atoms and the Li 2s/2p orbitals of neighboring Li atoms. The electron counting schemes best representing the electronic structures of Pt metal, LiPt2, LiPt and Li2Pt are Pt0 (d10), Li+[Pt0 (d10)]2(e−), Li+[Pt0 (d10)](e−), and (Li+)2[Pt0 (d10)](2e−), respectively, and hence the Pt atoms of the Li/Pt binary compounds are predicted to exist as partially negative anions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008