bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nodes Deployment Mechanism Based on Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Rui-Hua , Jia Zhi-Ping , Xu Xin-Shun 
Published: January 2009

In wireless sensor networks, devices are required to self-organize themselves into a network without previously established infrastructure. Because the device is battery-powered, one of the most important design criteria for this type of network is energy efficiency. Based on two linear traffic models and an extension of energy model of the radio, we consider different multi-hop scenarios to compute the energy and energy efficiency of the whole network. Through analyzing these results, we present two valid deployment mechanisms for sensor nodes. The first deployment mechanism is that nodes are deployed with equidistant spacing. Under this topology, we compute energy per payload bit, energy efficiency, and the total energy consumed by individual nodes, and the whole network. Simulation results show that a single-hop strategy is more efficient than a multi-hop one, especially for low path loss exponents, when the total distance is less than the feasible range of the radio. The receive and startup energy overhead, in addition to the energy drain increase at nodes close to the sink, makes multi-hop an inefficient technique. If overheads can be reduced with new transceiver technologies, multi-hop becomes more attractive. We derive the optimum value for one-hop spacing for the first mechanism, and present the formula to calculate the optimal value with the different application parameters. It is independent of the physical network topology, the number of transmission sources, and the total transmission distance. It only depends on the propagation environment and the device parameters. This mechanism can minimize the energy consumption of the whole network. The first deployment mechanism can achieve minimized energy consumption for the multi-hop scenario where each node transmits a data frame to the sink. However, it brings up a question of energy consumption disproportion between nodes. It is because those nodes close to the sink will relay larger amounts of data packets and their energy consumption will be more. In my intuition, node spacing is chosen shorter to consume less energy for the node closer to the sink. This strategy can balance energy consumption between nodes. So another deployment mechanism is that nodes are deployed with optimal spacing. We present the formula to calculate the optimal spacing. This mechanism can balance every node's energy consumption, thus prolonging the whole network's lifetime. Simulation results show that two deployment mechanisms are good and useful with energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks.
Benchmarks for identification of ordinary differential equations from time series data
Authors: Gennemark Peter , Wedelin Dag 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Motivation: In recent years, the biological literature has seen a significant increase of reported methods for identifying both structure and parameters of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from time series data. A natural way to evaluate the performance of such methods is to try them on a sufficient number of realistic test cases. However, weak practices in specifying identification problems and lack of commonly accepted benchmark problems makes it difficult to evaluate and compare different methods.
Results: To enable better evaluation and comparisons between different methods, we propose how to specify identification problems as optimization problems with a model space of allowed reactions (e.g. reaction kinetics like Michaelis–Menten or S-systems), ranges for the parameters, time series data and an error function. We also define a file format for such problems.
We then present a collection of more than 40 benchmark problems for ODE model identification of cellular systems. The collection includes realistic problems of different levels of difficulty w.r.t. size and quality of data. We consider both problems with simulated data from known systems, and problems with real data. Finally, we present results based on our identification algorithm for all benchmark problems. In comparison with publications on which we have based some of the benchmark problems, our approach allows all problems to be solved without the use of supercomputing.
Availability: The benchmark problems are available at www.odeidentification.org
Contact: peterg@chalmers.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The DICS repository: module-assisted analysis of disease-related gene lists
Authors: Dietmann Sabine , Georgii Elisabeth , Antonov Alexey , Tsuda Koji , Mewes Hans-Werner 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Summary: The DICS database is a dynamic web repository of computationally predicted functional modules from the human protein–protein interaction network. It provides references to the CORUM, DrugBank, KEGG and Reactome pathway databases. DICS can be accessed for retrieving sets of overlapping modules and protein complexes that are significantly enriched in a gene list, thereby providing valuable information about the functional context.
Availability: Supplementary information on datasets and methods is available on the web server http://mips.gsf.de/proj/dics
Contact: sabine.dietmann@googlemail.com
Growth Abnormalities Persist in Newly Diagnosed Children With Crohn Disease Despite Current Treatment Paradigms
Authors: Pfefferkorn Marian , Burke Georgine , Griffiths Anne , Markowitz James , Rosh Joel , Mack David , Otley Anthony , Kugathasan Subra , Evans Jonathan , Bousvaros Athos , Moyer M Susan , Wyllie Robert , Oliva‐Hemker Maria , Carvalho Ryan , Crandall Wallace , Keljo David , Walters TD , LeLeiko Neal , Hyams Jeffrey 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives:We analyzed growth outcomes in children newly diagnosed with Crohn disease and determined whether growth abnormalities persist despite current therapies.Patients and Methods:Clinical and growth data were prospectively obtained on an inception cohort younger than 16 years old at diagnosis and Tanner I to III during the study.Results:In all, 176 children (mean age 10.1 years; 65% male) with mild (33%) or moderate/severe (67%) disease at diagnosis were studied. Disease activity at 1 year was inactive/mild (89%) or moderate/severe (11%). First‐year treatments included immunomodulators (60%), corticosteroids (77%), 5‐aminosalicylates (61%), infliximab (15%), and enteral nutrition (10%). By 2 years, 86% had received immunomodulators and 36% infliximab. Mean height z scores at diagnosis, 1 year, and 2 years were −0.49 ± 1.2 standard deviations (SDs), −0.50 ± 1.2, and −0.46 ± 1.1, respectively. Of the subjects, 10%, 8%, and 6.5% had height z scores less than −2 SD at diagnosis, 1 year, and 2 years. A height velocity z score less than −1SD was seen in 45% of subjects at 1 year and 38% at 2 years. The mean height velocity z score, however, increased between 1 and 2 years from −0.71 to 0.26 (P < 0.03). Corticosteroid use greater than 6 months in the first year was associated with abnormal height velocity at 1 year (adjusted odds ratio = 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2–9.6). No statistically significant effect on height velocity z scores was noted when comparing those receiving or not receiving infliximab.Conclusions:Growth delay persists in many children with CD following diagnosis, despite improved disease activity and the frequent use of immunomodulators and biologics. Additional strategies to improve growth outcomes require development.
High‐Titer Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Before Liver Transplantation Can Prevent De Novo Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Su Wei‐Ju , Ho Ming‐Chih , Ni Yen‐Hsuan , Chen Huey‐Ling , Hu Rey‐Heng , Wu Yao‐Ming , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Lee Po‐Huang 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTObjective:De novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is defined as infection occurring in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)–negative patients who become HbsAg positive after organ transplantation. We assessed the incidence and risk factors of de novo HBV infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients.Patients and Methods:From 1996 to 2006, 71 Taiwanese children with non‐HBV‐related liver diseases underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) at the National Taiwan University Hospital. All of the surviving recipients were tested regularly for liver function, serum levels of immunosuppressant, HBsAg, titers of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs), antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc), and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV). HBV vaccination histories and the anti‐HBs titers before OLT were recorded. No regular prophylaxis was given.Results:Fifty‐nine patients (33 girls and 26 boys) were followed up for a median of 4.4 years (range 1.0–10.0). Of those, 36 (61.0%) received allografts from anti‐HBc‐positive and HBsAg‐negative donors. De novo HBV infection was found in 9 (15.3%) patients after OLT, 8 of whom received allografts from HBsAg‐negative and anti‐HBc‐positive donors. Forty‐eight (81.4%) patients received 3 or more doses of HBV vaccine before OLT. Pre‐OLT anti‐HBs titers were available for 49 recipients. Of the 9 de novo HBV‐infected recipients, 8 had anti‐HBs titers <200 mIU/mL. No graft loss or fulminant hepatitis was noted.Conclusions:In the absence of adequate prophylaxis, the incidence of de novo HBV infection in pediatric OLT recipients is 15.3%. An anti‐HBs titer of >200 mIU/mL before OLT may be sufficient to prevent de novo HBV infection in HBsAg‐negative recipients.
Secondary Malnutrition and Overweight in a Pediatric Referral Hospital: Associated Factors
Authors: Macías‐Rosales Rocío , Vásquez‐Garibay Edgar M , Larrosa‐Haro Alfredo , Rojo‐Chávez Marina , Bernal‐Virgen Alicia , Romo‐Rubio Hugo 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives:To establish the prevalence and identify the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with malnutrition and overweight in a pediatric referral hospital.Patients and Methods:We studied a cross‐sectional, random sample from a pediatric hospital. Malnutrition was defined as acute when the z score of weight/height was less than −2.0 and as chronic if in addition the height/age z score was less than −2.0. Overweight risk was defined as a body mass index percentile between 85 and 94, and overweight as a body mass index percentile of 95 or higher.Results:The study included 641 patients, with mean age 7.1 ± 4.9 years (56% male). The overall prevalence of acute malnutrition was 8% and chronic malnutrition 17.0%. Overweight risk was present in 15.4% and overweight in 12.2%. Acute malnutrition was predicted by conditions on admission (hospitalization: odds ratio [OR] 2.3, confidence interval [CI] 1.3–4.3; nonsurgical subspecialty: OR 2.1, CI 1.0–4.3) and number of siblings (1 child, single mother: OR 2.6, CI 1.3–5.0). Chronic malnutrition was predicted by age (infants vs preschoolers: OR 2.0, CI 1.1–3.6; infants vs school children: OR 3.1, CI 1.8–5.5) and illness duration (>30 days: OR 2, CI 1.1–3.7). Overweight risk was associated with age (>36 months: OR 2.0, CI 1.6–3.4) and the father's educational level (college and university: OR 2.3, CI 1.3–4.3). Overweight was predicted by sex (boys: OR 2.0, CI 1.0–3.6) and age (>36 months: OR 1.7, CI 1.0–2.8).Conclusions:Overweight was as prevalent as malnutrition. Malnutrition was associated with clinical condition, age, family size, and illness duration, whereas overweight was related to age, sex, and father's education. Overweight appears as a novel finding in the nutritional profile of pediatric referral hospitals in Mexico.
Temporal Global Expression Data Reveal Known and Novel Salicylate-Impacted Processes and Regulators Mediating Powdery Mildew Growth and Reproduction on Arabidopsis
Authors: Chandran Divya , Tai Yu Chuan , Hather Gregory , Dewdney Julia , Denoux Carine , Burgess Diane G. , Ausubel Frederick M. , Speed Terence P. , Wildermuth Mary C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) is a critical mediator of plant innate immunity. It plays an important role in limiting the growth and reproduction of the virulent powdery mildew (PM) Golovinomyces orontii on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To investigate this later phase of the PM interaction and the role played by SA, we performed replicated global expression profiling for wild-type and SA biosynthetic mutant isochorismate synthase1 (ics1) Arabidopsis from 0 to 7 d after infection. We found that ICS1-impacted genes constitute 3.8% of profiled genes, with known molecular markers of Arabidopsis defense ranked very highly by the multivariate empirical Bayes statistic (T 2 statistic). Functional analyses of T 2-selected genes identified statistically significant PM-impacted processes, including photosynthesis, cell wall modification, and alkaloid metabolism, that are ICS1 independent. ICS1-impacted processes include redox, vacuolar transport/secretion, and signaling. Our data also support a role for ICS1 (SA) in iron and calcium homeostasis and identify components of SA cross talk with other phytohormones. Through our analysis, 39 novel PM-impacted transcriptional regulators were identified. Insertion mutants in one of these regulators, PUX2 (for plant ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing protein 2), results in significantly reduced reproduction of the PM in a cell death-independent manner. Although little is known about PUX2, PUX1 acts as a negative regulator of Arabidopsis CDC48, an essential AAA-ATPase chaperone that mediates diverse cellular activities, including homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Future work will elucidate the functional role of the novel regulator PUX2 in PM resistance.
Expanding the frequency spectrum in marine CSEM applications
Authors: Dell’Aversana Paolo , Vivier Michel 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTIn this paper we show how marine controlled source electromagnetic data interpretation can be improved if the data are acquired with an expanded frequency spectrum. Especially in the case of targets located at a wide range of depths, both high‐ and low‐frequency data can provide useful information for improving the risk analysis associated with different prospects with variable size and depth. We discuss an application to a real data set acquired in deep water offshore Nigeria using two values of fundamental frequency: 0.05 Hz and 0.25 Hz. Both frequencies, together with higher frequency harmonics, have been used for multi‐frequency and multi‐dimensional modelling and inversion with excellent results.At the end of the interpretation work, areas with different electric and magnetic anomalies were mapped and quantitatively interpreted in terms of resistivity distribution in the 3D space. Relatively high‐frequency data (0.25 Hz and the first two harmonics) were useful for constraining the shallowest part of the resistivity models, including the presence of thin resistive layers, such as the gas sand recognized in correspondence of the well previously drilled in the NW portion of the block.Low‐frequency data (0.05 Hz) were useful for constraining the deepest portion of the models (from 2 km to 4 km below sea floor) and for characterizing the resistivity of the background.From an exploration point of view, the whole workflow based on multi‐frequency data analysis of this electromagnetic data set was very useful for further de‐risking the different prospects previously individuated in the area using seismic information.
Decreased expression of the active subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT is associated with loss of heterozygosity of 1p in oligodendroglial tumours WHO grade II
Authors: Stockhammer Florian , Von Deimling Andreas , Van Landeghem Frank K H 
Published: January 2009

Aims:  Oligodendroglial tumours with loss of heterozygosity on 1p (LOH1p) respond better to treatment than oligodendrogliomas without LOH. Previous reports have assigned a crucial role of glutamate metabolism to glioma growth and invasion. The aim was to study the protein expression of different glutamate transporters in relation to LOH1p in low‐grade oligodendroglial tumours.Methods and results:  Seventeen oligodendrogliomas World Health Organization (WHO) grade II, 16 oligoastrocytomas WHO grade II and seven astrocytomas WHO grade II were examined. Eleven oligodendrogliomas and five oligoastrocytomas exhibited LOH1p. Immunoreactivity scores (IRS) for glutamate transporters excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 as well as the active cystine/glutamate antiporter subunit xCT were semiquantitatively rated by percentage of positive cells and intensity of immunoreactivity. Reactivity for xCT was lower in tumours with LOH1p than in those without (P = 0.03, Mann–Whitney U‐test). No association was found between LOH status and IRS for EAAT‐1, ‐2 or ‐3. High xCT immunoreactivity was associated with high expression of EAAT‐1, ‐2 or ‐3.Conclusions:  Expression of xCT is significantly reduced in low‐grade oligodendroglial tumours harbouring LOH1p. Further studies should investigate a potential beneficial effect by inhibiting xCT in low‐grade gliomas.
Impact of coercive tactics on the decision‐making of adolescents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Khemka I. , Hickson L. , Casella M. , Accetturi N. , Rooney M. E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground  High rates of victimisation have raised concerns about the ability of adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) to avoid and escape from harmful situations and to make decisions in their own best interest. The present study was designed to assess the impact of specific coercive tactics on the decision‐making of adolescents with ID.Method  Forty‐eight adolescents with ID participated in the study. They were asked to respond to a series of brief vignettes depicting equal numbers of situations involving coercion with a lure, coercion with a threat, and no specific coercive tactic. Performance was assessed in terms of independent, prevention‐focused decisions, reporting decisions and responses to fact and inference comprehension questions.Results  Overall, participants suggested independent, prevention‐focused decisions only about half the time. They were more likely to suggest independent, prevention‐focused decisions in situations with no specific coercive tactic or coercion with a lure than in situations involving a threat. However, reporting decisions were more likely in situations involving coercion with a threat than in the other two conditions and both fact and inference comprehension were best in situations involving coercion with a threat.Conclusions  Results indicated that adolescents with ID are not well‐prepared to handle situations on their own that involve coercion, especially coercion with a threat. Because comprehension did not appear to be a key source of the decision‐making difficulty in this study, further research is needed to examine all aspects of the decision‐making process as a basis for the design of effective interventions.
Preclinical students' views on knowing cancer diagnosis: a data‐based class exercise
Authors: RIPPERE VICKY 
Published: January 2009

SummaryOne way of tackling the problems of demonstrating the relevance of psychology to medical practice as well as to medically‐inexperienced preclinical students is to elicit their views on topical issues and present them with a comparison of their own data and any available in the medical literature. In a survey of preclinical students' views on being told their diagnosis and prognosis in the hypothetical case of cancer, high agreement in the proportions wanting to be or not to be told was found between the responses of students and a sample of cancer patients reported by Kelly & Friesen (1950). The exercise served to demonstrate that the ‘to tell or not to tell’ debate is one in which students can also be involved.
Migration of Baroda medical graduates, 1949—72
Authors: BHATT R. V. , SONI J. M. , PATEL N. F. , DOCTOR P. S. 
Published: January 2009

Summary1. The migration of doctors from Medical College, Baroda, is studied in detail.2. From 1949 to 1972, 584 doctors migrated to other countries and only twenty‐nine doctors have returned so far. The incidence of migration is to the extent of 39.75%.3. Among those who migrated 77.7% have gone to U.S.A. and 11.7% have gone to the U.K.4. Ninety‐four women graduates out of 241 passed prior to 1971 are abroad.5. The majority migrate for better and more com‐ fortable living conditions. A small number migrate for better research facilities and encouragement. Those who are denied the opportunity of a post‐ graduate training also migrate.6. Migration of doctors, though universal, is dis‐ turbingly high in India and a major cause of concern to the government and the educationist.
Introgression from modern hybrid varieties into landrace populations of maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) in central Italy
Authors: BITOCCHI E. , NANNI L. , ROSSI M. , RAU D. , BELLUCCI E. , GIARDINI A. , BUONAMICI A. , VENDRAMIN G. G. , PAPA R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLandraces are domesticated local plant varieties that did not experience a deliberate and intensive selection during a formal breeding programme. In Europe, maize landraces are still cultivated, particularly in marginal areas where traditional farming is often practiced. Here, we have studied the evolution of flint maize landraces from central Italy over 50 years of on‐farm cultivation, when dent hybrid varieties were introduced and their use was widespread. We have compared an ‘old’ collection, obtained during the 1950s, before the introduction of hybrids, and a recent collection of maize landraces. For comparison, a sample of maize landraces from north Italy, and of improved germplasm, including hybrids and inbred lines were also used. A total of 296 genotypes were analysed using 21 microsatellites. Our results show that the maize landraces collected in the last 5–10 years have evolved directly from the flint landrace gene pool cultivated in central Italy before the introduction of modern hybrids. The population structure, diversity and linkage disequilibrium analyses indicate a significant amount of introgression from hybrid varieties into the recent landrace populations. No evidence of genetic erosion of the maize landraces was seen, suggesting that in situ conservation of landraces is an efficient strategy for preserving genetic diversity. Finally, the level of introgression detected was very variable among recent landraces, with most of them showing a low level of introgression; this suggests that coexistence between different types of agriculture is possible, with the adoption of correct practices that are aimed at avoiding introgression from undesired genetic sources.
Reproductive strategies under multiparasitism in natural populations of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia (Hymenoptera)
Authors: GRILLENBERGER B. K. , VAN DE ZANDE L. , BIJLSMA R. , GADAU J. , BEUKEBOOM L. W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractParasitoid Nasonia wasps adjust their progeny sex ratio to the presence of conspecifics to optimize their fitness. Another trait under female control is the induction of offspring diapause. We analysed progeny sex ratios and the proportion of diapausing offspring of individual Nasonia females in host patches parasitized by two species, Nasonia vitripennis and Nasonia giraulti, in North American field populations using microsatellite fingerprinting. Both Nasonia species produced similar sex ratios on hosts that were co‐parasitized by their own species as by the other species, indicating that females do not distinguish between con‐ and heterospecific clutches. The sex ratios of the diapause and adult fractions of mixed broods from single females were not correlated. We found further indications that N. vitripennis females take the emergence time of the offspring into account in their sex allocation. The reproductive strategies of Nasonia under multiparasitism are largely adaptive, but also partially constrained by information.