bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel role for EKLF in megakaryocyte lineage commitment
Authors: Frontelo Pilar , Manwani Deepa , Galdass Mariann , Karsunky Holger , Lohmann Felix , Gallagher Patrick G. , Bieker James J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMegakaryocytes and erythroid cells are thought to derive from a common progenitor during hematopoietic differentiation. Although a number of transcriptional regulators are important for this process, they do not explain the bipotential result. We now show by gain- and loss-of-function studies that erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF), a transcription factor whose role in erythroid gene regulation is well established, plays an unexpected directive role in the megakaryocyte lineage. EKLF inhibits the formation of megakaryocytes while at the same time stimulating erythroid differentiation. Quantitative examination of expression during hematopoiesis shows that, unlike genes whose presence is required for establishment of both lineages, EKLF is uniquely down-regulated in megakaryocytes after formation of the megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor. Expression profiling and molecular analyses support these observations and suggest that megakaryocytic inhibition is achieved, at least in part, by EKLF repression of Fli-1 message levels.
Delays in maturation among adolescents with hemophilia and a history of inhibitors
Authors: Donfield Sharyne M. , Lynn Henry S. , Lail Alice E. , Hoots W. Keith , Berntorp Erik , Gomperts Edward D. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Inhibitory antibodies to factors VIII or IX have the potential to affect a broad range of outcomes among people with hemophilia; however, their possible effect on growth and maturation has not been explored. We evaluated skeletal maturation (bone age), pubertal progression, serum testosterone levels, height velocity, and stature in the multicenter Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. A total of 333 children and adolescents (mean age, 12.4 years) were enrolled from 1989 to 1990 and followed for 7 years. Of these, 18% (n = 60) had a history of inhibitors. Bone age among HIV− adolescents with a history of inhibitors lagged 9 or more months behind those without inhibitors at every age from 12 to 15 years. Those with a history of inhibitors were older at every Tanner stage transition, attained a lower maximum growth velocity, and their serum testosterone levels were significantly lower compared with those without inhibitors. Delays were greater among HIV+ patients with a history of inhibitors compared with those without inhibitors; however, the differences were generally small and not statistically significant. The results of this investigation underscore the importance of monitoring the growth and maturation of children and adolescents with hemophilia, particularly those with inhibitors.
Influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality and hospitalisations
Authors: Jansen A. G. S. C. , Sanders E. A. M. , Hoes A. W. , van Loon A. M. , Hak E. 
Published: August 2007

The aim of the current study was to estimate influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated mortality and hospitalisations, especially the influenza-associated burden among low-risk individuals ≤65 yrs old, not yet recommended for influenza vaccination in many European countries.Retrospectively during 1997–2003, Dutch national all-cause mortality and hospital discharge figures and virus surveillance data were used to estimate annual average influenza- and RSV-associated excess mortality and hospitalisation using rate difference methods.Influenza virus active periods were significantly associated with excess mortality among 50–64-yr-olds and the elderly, but not in younger age categories. Influenza-associated hospitalisation was highest and about equal for 0–1-yr-olds and the elderly, and also significant for low-risk adults. Hospitalisation among children was mostly due to respiratory conditions, and among adults cardiovascular complications were frequent. RSV-active periods were associated with excess mortality and hospitalisation among the elderly. The highest RSV-related excess hospitalisation was found in 0–1-yr-olds.Influenza-associated mortality was demonstrated in 50–64-yr-olds. Among low-risk individuals ≤65 yrs of age, influenza-associated hospitalisation rates were highest for 0–4-yr-olds, but also significant for 5–64-yr-olds. These data may further support extension of recommendations for influenza vaccination to include younger low-risk persons. The respiratory syncytial virus-associated burden was highest for young children but also substantial for the elderly.
Site-directed in vitro immunization leads to a complete human monoclonal IgG4λ that binds specifically to the CDR2 region of CTLA-4 (CD152) without interfering the engagement of natural ligands
Authors: Chin Li-Te , Chu Chishih , Chen Han-Min , Hsu Shu-Ching , Weng Bor-Chun , Chu Chi-Hong 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
The ability to acquire fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with pre-defined specificities is critical to the development of molecular tags for the analysis of receptor function in addition to promising immunotherapeutics. Yet most of the arriving affinity maturated and complete human immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules, which are actually derived from single human B cells, have not widely been used to study the conserved self antigens (Ags) such as CD152 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, CTLA-4) because proper hosts are lacking.

Results
Here we developed an optimized protocol for site-directed in vitro immunizing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by using a selected epitope of human CD152, an essential receptor involved in down-regulation of T cell activation. The resultant stable trioma cell lines constantly produce anti-CD152 mAb (γ4λhuCD152), which contains variable (V) regions of the heavy chain and the light chain derived from the VH3 and Vλ human germline genes, respectively, and yet displays an unusual IgG4 isotype. Interestingly, γ4λhuCD152 has a basic pI not commonly found in myeloid monoclonal IgG4λs as revealed by the isoelectric focusing (IEF) analysis. Furthermore, γ4λhuCD152 binds specifically, with nanomolar affinity, to an extracellular constituency encompassing the putative second complementarity determining region (CDR2) of CD152, whereby it can react to activated CD3+ cells.

Conclusion
In a context of specific cell depletion and conditioned medium,in vitro induction of human Abs against a conserved self Ag was successfully acquired and a relatively basic mAb, γ4λhuCD152, with high affinity to CDR2 of CD152 was thus obtained. Application of such a human IgG4λ mAb with designated CDR2 specificity may impact upon and prefer for CD152 labeling both in situ and ex situ, as it does not affect the binding of endogenous B7 ligands and can localize into the confined immunological synapse which may otherwise prevent the access of whole IgG1 molecules.
Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring with a Thin-Film Optical Sensor
Authors: Worsley Graham J , Tourniaire Guilhem A , Medlock Kathryn E S , Sartain Felicity K , Harmer Hazel E , Thatcher Michael , Horgan Adrian M , Pritchard John 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Background: We recently described a holographic optical sensor with improved selectivity for glucose over fructose that was based on a thin-film polymer hydrogel containing phenylboronic acid receptors. The aim of the present work was to measure glucose in human blood plasma as opposed to simple buffers and track changes in concentration at a rate mimicking glucose changes in vivo.
Methods: We used holographic sensors containing acrylamide, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid, and (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride to measure 7 human blood plasma samples at different glucose concentrations (3–33 mmol/L) in static mode. Separately, using a flow cell, the glucose concentration was varied at approximately 0.17–0.28 mmol−1 · L−1 · min−1, and the sensor’s ability to continuously monitor glucose was investigated over an extended period.
Results: We subjected the results of the ex vivo static measurements to error grid analysis. Of 46 measurements, 42 (91.3%) fell in zone A of a Clarke error grid, and the remainder (8.7%) fell in zone B. The ex vivo flow experiments showed that the sensor is able to accurately track changes in concentration occurring in real time without lag or evidence of hysteresis.
Conclusions: We demonstrate the ability of a phenylboronic acid–based sensor to measure glucose in human blood plasma for the 1st time in vitro. Holographic glucose sensors can be used without recourse to recalibration. Their robust nature, coupled with their format flexibility, makes them an attractive alternative to conventional electrochemical enzyme-based methods of glucose monitoring for people with diabetes.
Who gets to talk? An alternative framework evaluating companion effects in geriatric triads
Authors: Tsai Mei-Hui 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMost studies evaluating companion effects on medical triadic interaction focus on the doctors' part, e.g., how the companion's presence diverts doctors' attention away from the patient. In contrast to this mainstream approach, the current research proposes an alternative framework by focusing on the patient parties—especially on how companion participation reshapes the discourse sequences where patient parties provide information, and how it affects patient full turns and priority in providing complete first-hand information to doctors. By examining fifteen geriatric triadic conversations collected in a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan, this proposed framework concludes that in the companion's presence, the information providing sequences are restructured into eight patterns, among which sole information provider is preferred to joint providers. Furthermore, the more companions participate in providing information, the less patients by themselves volunteer information or respond to doctors' questions prior to companions' verbal involvement. A more striking companion effect shows that even in the triads with a low-participation companion, whenever the companion does participate, the patient rarely has a full turn or priority to complete an information unit. The patient's turns are either taken, are simultaneous with, or cut-off by the companion's participation.
A Review of Engine Oil Oxidation Bench Tests and Their Application in the Screening of New Antioxidant Systems for Low Phosphorus Engine Oils
Authors: Gatto Vincent , Moehle William , Schneller Emily , Burris Thalan , Cobb Tyler , Featherstone Mark 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
A review of current oxidation and deposit bench tests used for the evaluation of engine oil performance will be presented. Some of the more meaningful tests will be utilized to evaluate a number of antioxidant systems for oxidation and deposit control capabilities in engine oils formulated with 470 ppm of ZDDP-derived phosphorus. The antioxidant components are selected from a series of commonly used and commercially available materials plus one new developmental component. These components include an organo-molybdenum compound (MoDTC), an alkylated diphenylamine (NDPA), a conventional hindered phenolic (HPE), a high performance hindered phenolic (MBDTBP), and a new multi-functional boronated MBDTBP. The performance of these fully formulated engine oils will be ranked in the selected bench tests in order to highlight the benefits of each antioxidant system under evaluation. The results point to significant benefits with the molybdenum- and boronated-systems, or mixed molybdenum-/boronated-systems, for oxidation control, while systems containing NDPA and MBDTBP are favored more for deposit control. Unique and superior performing antioxidant systems will be recommended for screening in fired engine and bench wear tests.
Multiple-Copy Cluster-Type Organization and Evolution of Genes Encoding O-Methyltransferases in the Apple
Authors: Han Yuepeng , Gasic Ksenija , Korban Schuyler S 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Plant O-methyltransferases (OMTs) play important roles in secondary metabolism. Two clusters of genes coding for caffeic acid OMT (COMT) have been identified in the apple genome. Three genes from one cluster and two genes from another cluster were isolated. These five genes encoding COMT, designated Mdomt1–Mdomt5 (GenBank accession nos. DQ886018–DQ886022), were distinguished by a (CT)n microsatellite in the 5′-UTR and two transposon-like sequences present in the promoter region and intron 1, respectively. The transposon-like sequence in intron 1 unambiguously traced the five Mdomt genes in the apple to a common ancestor. The ancestor must have undergone an initial duplication generating two progenitors, and this was followed by further duplication of these progenitors resulting in the two clusters identified in this study. The distal regions of the transposon-like sequences in promoter regions of Mdomt genes are capable of forming palindromic hairpin-like structures. The hairpin formation is likely responsible for nucleotide sequence differences observed in the promoter regions of these genes as it plays a destabilizing role in eukaryotic chromosomes. In addition, the possible mechanism of amplification of Mdomt genes in the apple genome is also discussed.
Astronomy
Authors: Layzer David 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Astronomical Data

Sources of Astronomical Data

From 2
D
to 3
D

Stellar Spectra

Dimming and Reddening of Starlight

Measuring the Velocities of Astronomical Objects

Gravity and the Hierarchy of Self‐gravitating Systems

Newtonian Gravity

Mass, Size, and Motion

Tidal Effects

Self‐Gravitating Clusters

Mass, Radius, and Cohesive Energy

Astronomical Systems

The Solar System

Size and mass

Meteorites

Origin of the Solar System

Stars and Star Clusters

The Interstellar Medium

Giant Molecular Clouds
Electron Microscopy
Authors: Williams David B. , Goldstein Joseph I. , Lyman Charles E. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

See also the updated overview article

.

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

General Aspects of Electron Microscopes

Electron Guns

Electron Lenses and Lens Configurations

Electron Detectors

Specimen Preparation

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Image Formation and Resolution

Advanced
SEM
Imaging

X‐Ray Microanalysis

Compositional Imaging

Transmission Electron Microscopy

Image Formation and Resolution

Electron Diffraction in the
TEM

Image Contrast Mechanisms

X‐Ray Microanalysis

Electron Energy‐Loss Spectrometry (
EELS
)

Acknowledgments
Neuroprotective effects of resident microglia following acute brain injury
Authors: Simard Alain R. , Rivest Serge 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMicroglia quickly react to various neurodegenerative processes by producing cytokines and eliminating cellular debris via phagocytosis. These events are also associated with an increased proliferation of microglia, which derive from resident progenitors and those present in the bone marrow. However, it is not clear whether the innate immune response by resident or newly differentiated microglia is beneficial or detrimental to the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of an altered immune response following acute excitotoxicity. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or kainic acid (KA) was administered in the brain of various groups of mice, and the extent of neurodegeneration, myelin damage, and inflammation was evaluated within a period of 2 weeks. We used synthetic glucocorticoid (GC), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)‐deficient mice to suppress nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signaling and transgenic mice that express the thymidine kinase (TK) protein under the control of the CD11b promoter to determine the role of proliferating and infiltrating microglia in acute models of brain injury. Neurodegeneration was more extensive in GC‐treated and MyD88‐deficient mice, suggesting that NF‐κB signaling and microglia activation are potent neuroprotective mechanisms in the presence of SNP. KA was also highly toxic to neurons of the amygdala in MyD88 knockout mice but not in their WT littermates. Although bone marrow‐derived cells are clearly attracted to neurodegenerative areas, preventing their infiltration and differentiation did not affect the extent of SNP‐related damage. These data indicate that MyD88/NF‐κB signaling in resident non‐proliferating microglia plays a critical role by restricting damage during acute excitotoxicity. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:716–729, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental changes in cellular prion protein in primate visual cortex
Authors: Laffont‐Proust Isabelle , Fonta Caroline , Renaud Luc , Hässig Raymonde , Moya Kenneth L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCellular prion protein (PrPc) is a cell surface glycoprotein highly expressed in neurons, and a protease‐resistant conformer of the protein accumulates in the brain parenchyma in prion diseases. In human prion diseases, visual cortex and visual function can be affected. We examined both the levels and the localization of PrPc in developing visual cortex of the common marmoset. Western blot analysis showed that PrPc increased from the day of birth through adulthood, and this increase correlated with the progression of synapse formation. Immunohistochemistry showed that PrPc was present in fiber tracts of the neonate, and this immunoreactivity was lost with maturation. Within the neuropil, the laminar distribution of PrPc changed with age. In the neonate, PrPc immunoreactivity was strongest in layer 1, where the earliest synapses form. At the end of the first postnatal week, layer 4C, as identified by its strong cytochrome oxidase activity, was noticeably lighter in terms of PrPc immunoreactivity than the adjacent layers. The contrast between the strong immunoreactivity in both supragranular and infragranular layers and weak immunoreactivity in layer 4C increased with age. Layers 2/3 and 5 contained more intense PrPc immunoreactivity; these layers receive thalamic input from the koniocellular division of the LGN, and these layers of the LGN also had strong PrPc immunoreactivity. Together, these results provide evidence for PrPc localization in an identified functional pathway and may shed some light on prion disease pathogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:646–658, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of dough effective thermal conductivity using an integrated thermocouple during the bread baking process
Authors: Komatsu Masakazu , Yamada Seiji , Takano Takayoshi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe present study produced an integrated thermocouple in order to gain an understanding of the heat transfer mechanism during baking. The thin film thermocouple was made by depositing copper‐nickel on a polyimide sheet base, and five hot junctions were arranged at regular intervals. Thermal electromotive force was proportional to the temperature difference between the reference and hot junctions. The study also used the integrated thermocouple to investigate heat transfer properties during baking that are equivalent to effective thermal conductivity, which include latent heat transport, water vapor diffusion, and heat conduction. The effective thermal conductivity crumbs increased according to the latent heat transportation effect caused by water vapor diffusion, and the thermal conductivity of crust was in agreement with its effective thermal conductivity value measured by the steady state parallel plate method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(6): 373–385, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20165
Enhancement of natural convection heat transfer from a vertical heated plate using inclined fins
Authors: Fujii Masao 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn enhancement technique is developed for natural convection heat transfer from a vertical heated plate with inclined fins, attached on the vertical heated plate to isolate a hot air flow from a cold air flow. Experiments are performed in air for inclination angles of the inclined fins in the range of 30° to 90° as measured from a horizontal plane, with a height of 25 to 50 mm, and a fin pitch of 20 to 60 mm. The convective heat transfer rate for the vertical heated plate with inclined fins at an inclination angle of 60° is found to be 19% higher than that for a vertical heated plate with vertical fins. A dimensionless equation on the natural convection heat transfer of a vertical heated plate with inclined fins is presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(6): 334–344, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20168
Numerical gas– liquid stratified flow regime model on evaporation heat transfer in horizontal microfin tubes
Authors: Wang Yueshe , Bai Bofeng , Chen Yongli , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe evaporation heat transfer model of stratified flow in helically grooved, horizontal microfin tubes was proposed. The profile of stratified liquid was determined using a theoretical model previously proposed for condensation in horizontal microfin tubes. The meniscus profile of stratified liquid in the grooves between adjacent fins was determined by a force balance between the gravity and surface tension forces. The thin film evaporation model in the thin film region of the meniscus previously proposed by the authors was applied. Heat transfer through the stratified liquid was estimated using an empirical correlation proposed by Mori et al. The theoretical predictions of the circumferential average heat transfer coefficient were compared with available experimental data for four tubes and three refrigerants. A good agreement was obtained for the region Fr0<2.5 if partial dry‐out of the tube surface did not occur. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(6): 315– 323, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20170
Functional activity of the mouse flavin‐containing monooxygenase forms 1, 3, and 5
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cerny Matt A. , Lawson Matt , Mosadeghi Ruzbeh , Cashman John R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThree functional mouse flavin‐containing monooxygenases (mFMOs) (i.e., mFMO1, mFMO3, and mFMO5) have been reported to be the major FMOs present in mouse liver. To examine the biochemical features of these enzymes, recombinant enzymes were expressed as maltose‐binding protein fusion proteins (i.e., MBP‐mFMO1, MBP‐mFMO3, and MBP‐mFMO5) inEscherichia coliand isolated and purified with affinity chromatography. The substrate specificity of these three mouse hepatic FMO enzymes were examined using a variety of substrates, including mercaptoimidazole, trimethylamine,S‐methyl esonarimod, and an analog thereof, and a series of 10‐(N,N‐dimethylaminoalkyl)‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine analogs. The kinetic parameters of the three mouse FMOs for these substrates were compared in an attempt to explore substrate structure‐‐function relationships specific for each mFMO. Utilizing a common phenothiazine substrate for all three enzymes, we compared the pH dependence for the recombinant enzymes under similar conditions. In addition, thermal stability for mFMO1, mFMO3, and mFMO5 enzymes was examined in the presence and absence of NADPH. The results revealed unique features for mFMO5, suggesting possible impact on the functional significance of this abundantly expressed FMO5 isoform in both human and mouse liver. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:1206–215, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10:1002/jbt.20176