bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the perceived purpose of electronic performance monitoring on an array of attitudinal variables
Authors: Wells Deborah L. , Moorman Robert H. , Werner Jon M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs a form of performance monitoring, electronic performance monitoring (EPM) offers the opportunity for unobtrusive and continuous performance data gathering. These strengths can also make EPM stressful and threatening. Many features of performance evaluation systems, including the organizational purposes for which they are used, can affect employee attitudes. We explored the relationships among the perceived purpose of EPM and an array of job attitudes, including fairness, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and felt obligation to reciprocate. Results indicate that when monitoring is viewed as developmental, it is judged as fairer than when it is perceived as a deterrent to future behavior and is also associated with higher levels of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and felt obligation. These findings suggest that employees will respond more positively to EPM when managers and human resource development professionals carefully frame the reasons for monitoring and feedback in constructive, developmental terms.
Thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA expression after administration of 5‐fluorouracil to patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Mauritz Robert , van Groeningen Cees J. , Smid Kees , Jansen Gerrit , Pinedo Herbert M. , Peters Godefridus J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study explores the effect of 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) exposure on mRNA levels of its target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and the rate‐limiting catabolic enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in tumors of colorectal cancer patients. TS and DPD mRNA levels were determined in primary tumor and liver metastasis samples from patients who were either not pretreated (n = 29) or given one presurgery bolus of 5FU (n = 67). In both groups a wide variation in TS mRNA levels was observed. Median TS mRNA expression in 17 primary tumors of exposed patients was 3.0‐fold higher than in 19 primary tumors of unexposed patients (p = 0.015). TS mRNA expression in liver metastasis samples of exposed patients (n = 16) was also higher (5.2‐fold) than that of unexposed patients (n = 48; p < 0.001). Also DPD mRNA expression displayed a large degree of interpatient variation. No difference in DPD expression in liver metastasis samples was observed between exposed and unexposed patients. However, median DPD mRNA expression in 15 primary tumors of exposed patients was 3.2‐fold lower than in 18 primary tumors of unexposed patients (p = 0.027). In conclusion, administration of 5FU in vivo influences the gene expression of TS and DPD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of hepatocarcinoma and tumor metastasis to liver by gene therapy with recombinant CBD‐HepII polypeptide of fibronectin
Authors: Liu Yi , Huang Bo , Yuan Ye , Gong Wei , Xiao Han , Li Dong , Yu Zhi‐Rui , Wu Feng‐Hua , Zhang Gui‐Mei , Feng Zuo‐Hua 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnlike the intact fibronectin (FN) molecule, some proteolytic or recombinant fragments of FN possess inhibitory activities on tumor, providing potential strategies in tumor therapeutics. Using the hydrodynamics‐based gene delivery technique, we demonstrated that the treatment by in vivo expression of a recombinant CBD‐HepII polypeptide of FN, designated as CH50, strongly inhibited the tumor growth, tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Such inhibitory effects of CH50 on tumor were partly ascribed to its influence on the activities of MMP‐9 and αvβ3 integrin. The in vivo expressed CH50 decreased both the production and the activity of MMP‐9 in tumor tissues. CH50 also down‐regulated αvβ3 expression in tumor cells and endothelial cells in vitro. The decreased activity of αvβ3 integrin was proved by its reduced binding ability to fibrinogen and the down‐regulation of cdc2 expression. The gene therapy with CH50 not only prolonged the survival of mice bearing hepatocarcinoma in the liver, but also suppressed the growth and invasive ability of tumor in spleen and its metastasis to liver. Taken together, these findings suggest a prospective utility of CH50 in the gene therapy of liver cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High resolution real time ultrasound of the carotid bifurcation
Authors: Cooperberg P. L. , Robertson W. D. , Fry P. , Sweeney V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have been using a high resolution real time ultrasound mechanical sector scanner to visualize the carotid bifurcation. Twenty‐six patients were studied before carotid arteriography for transient ischemic attacks. One bifurcation was not adequately visualized. Of the remaining 51, plaques were identified correctly in 29; absence of plaques was identified correctly in 15; small plaques were demonstrated by ultrasound in two that did not appear on the arteriogram; and four small plaques and one significant stenosis were not identified by ultrasound.
Identification of fetal growth retardation by ultrasonographic estimation of total intrauterine volume
Authors: Levine Sandra C. , Filly Roy A. , Creasy Robert K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent literature has suggested that total intrauterine volume (TIUV) estimation is useful for distinguishing normal from growth‐retarded fetuses. One hundred seventy‐nine measurements of TIUV were obtained from the ultrasonograms taken between 21 and 40 weeks of gestation in 140 patients who delivered average birthweight babies. We constructed a mean curve for TIUV with upper and lower 2.5 and 10% tolerance limits and later evaluated the TIUV's of 16 patients with growth‐retarded fetuses. Nine of these fetuses had birthweights below the fifth percentile for gestational age, and in each of these pregnancies the TIUV ultimately fell below the lower 2.5% tolerance limit.
Ultrasonic visualization of Wirsung's duct: Dream or reality?
Authors: Eisenscher Albert , Weill Francis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonic visualization of normal and pathological Wirsung's ducts has become quite common, especially with the newest gray scale units. Ductal images were studied in 17 cases of quiescent chronic pancreatitis. Duct dilatation could be identified in the majority.
The ultrasonic findings in intussusception of the blind loop in a jejunoileal bypass for obesity
Authors: Sarti Dennis A. , Zablen Marshall A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 34 year old woman with bowel bypass surgery and persistent abdominal pain had intussusception of the blind loop, which was visualized on an abdominal ultrasound examination. The ultrasonic and radiographic findings are compared and presented. Ultrasound should prove to be an invaluable tool in evaluating abdominal pain in bowel bypass patients.
Gray scale ultrasound in adnexal thickening: Correlation with laparoscopy
Authors: Kirkpatrick Rob H. , Nikrui Najmosama , Wittenberg Jack , Hann Lucy , Ferrucci Joseph T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective comparison between ultrasound and subsequent laparoscopy was made in 70 female patients to evaluate the sonographic features of minimal pelvic disease (in particular, adnexal thickening). The overall accuracy of sonography as compared with laparoscopy was 75 percent (53 of 70), with a true positive rate of 72 percent (40 of 51) and a true negative rate of 68 percent (13 of 19). In this study the concept of clinical or sonographic adnexal thickening did not correlate with observations at laparoscopy. Of the 7 patients diagnosed by ultrasound as having adnexal thickening, only 1 had pelvic inflammatory disease, whereas the other 6 showed no abnormalities at laparoscopy.
The influence of hydration and bladder distension on the sonographic diagnosis of hydronephrosis
Authors: Morin Martin E. , Baker Dennis A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRenal sonography is frequently employed to exclude obstructive uropathy in patients with uremia. Sonographic findings of moderate bilateral hydronephrosis were encountered in a dehydrated patient undergoing rehydration. Subsequent excretory urography and a follow‐up renal sonogram were normal. To investigate the possibility that hydration and bladder distension in an otherwise normal and unobstructed collecting system could result in hydronephrosis detectable by ultrasound, 23 apparently normal volunteers underwent renal sonography in the hydrated and basal states. The filled urinary bladder in a patient undergoing hydration frequently results in the sonographic appearance of hydronephrosis.
A simple optical method for observing medical ultrasound pulse characteristics in vitro
Authors: Riley Ward A. , Barnes Ralph W. , McKinney William M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn optical method is described for studying the spatial and temporal characteristics of broad‐band ultrasonic pulses propagating in transparent media. The simplicity of the approach suggests its consideration as a method for calibration and comparison of the transmitted pulse characteristics of medical ultrasound systems.
Sonographic anatomy of the normal placenta
Authors: Spirt Beverly A. , Kagan Eugene H. , Rozanski Richard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe normal anatomy of the placenta and the retroplacental area can be well defined with gray scale sonography. The placenta has a characteristic granular echo pattern, with strong echoes emanating from the chorionic plate. After 37 weeks, strong echoes representing calcification may appear; this is a normal physiologic process. The significance of early calcification is unclear. The retroplacental myometrium and venous drainage of the placenta are easily visualized by sonography. Variations in the appearance of the retroplacental myometrium result from different degrees of bladder filling and from uterine contractions. These normal retroplacental structures should not be mistaken for myomas or hematomas.
Echogenic fluid: A pitfall in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of cystic lesions
Authors: Thurber Lynette A. , Cooperberg Peter L. , Clement John G. , Lyons Edward A. , Gramiak Raymond , Cunningham Jerry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough it is well known that biliary sludge can produce fine diffuse echoes within the gallbladder, it is less commonly appreciated that other cystic structures may contain echogenic fluid and therefore be mistaken sonographically for solid lesions. In this article three cases of splenic cysts and one case each of pyometrocolpos, hydroureter, and pyonephrosis presented with diffuse fine echoes in the fluid. Three of these cases were misinterpreted as a result of this echogenic appearance. These cases serve to emphasize the need for awareness of the echogenicity of some types of fluid and the value of other signs of cystic lesions besides absence of internal echoes.
The fluid‐filled stomach: A new sonic window
Authors: Weighall Steven L. , Wolfman Neil T. , Watson Nat 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGastric air and peristalsis usually are obstacles to ultrasound imaging of the tail of the pancreas. Fifteen normal volunteers were scanned transversely in the supine position before and after intravenous administration of glucagon (1 mg) and oral administration of water. In 13 of 15 subjects glucagon produced a dilated gastric fundus that retained fluid for 30–60 min, thus allowing good imaging of the pancreatic tail in 10 subjects and fair imaging in 2 subjects. This method of creating a gastric sonic window should prove to be valuable in ultrasound imaging of the pancreas.
Detection of persistent left superior vena cava by two‐dimensional contrast echocardiography
Authors: Stewart James A. , Fraker Theodore D. , Slosky David A. , Wise N. Kent , Kisslo Joseph A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred seventy adult patients with possible congenital or valvular heart disease underwent contrast two‐dimensional echocardiographic examination as part of a precatheterization evaluation. Persistent left superior vena cava was detected in 5 patients, each of whom demonstrated an abnormally large coronary sinus. Injection of echocardiographic contrast material from a peripheral left arm vein resulted in early opacification of this structure before other right‐side chambers, thus suggesting abnormal venous drainage. Persistent left superior vena cava was confirmed in all 5 patients at the time of catheterization and/or surgery.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal lymphatic system abnormalities by Ultrasound
Authors: Adam A. H. , Robinson H. P. , Aust F. , Pont M. , Hood V. D. , Gibson A. A. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntenatal ultrasound diagnoses of gross lymphatic system abnormalities were made in three fetuses. Although the diagnosis was made in only 1 fetus at a stage early enough in pregnancy to allow selective termination, knowledge of the abnormality in the remaining 2 fetuses proved to be valuable for subsequent management of those pregnancies. It is stressed that the extent of the abnormality must be carefully assessed because of the possibility of corrective surgery should the lesion be small and that the parents must be given detailed counseling before any definitive measures are taken.
Ultrasound findings in liver hydatid cysts
Authors: Hadidi Ali 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighty‐one liver hydatid cysts evaluated by gray‐scale ultrasound were accumulated in our experience over a period of 2 years. The echographic evidence in accordance with our experience can be categorized as follows: (a) nonsuppurative hydatid cysts in which echo‐free area within the fine homogeneous structure of the organ provide the basic clue to the diagnosis; then the echographic appearance of the wall offers further hints to the identity of solitary, multiloculated, and multiple cysts; (b) suppurative hydatid cysts in which, depending on the intensity of secondary microbial infection, the echo‐free area turns to a low, medium, or high level of echoes while holding its constitutional pattern. This report is designed to present the various ultrasound patterns of hydatid disease of the liver and show how ultrasound may be most effective in achieving the correct diagnosis.
Echocardiographic aortic ejection area as a reflection of left ventricular stroke volume
Authors: Jacobs William R. , Croke Robert P. , Loeb Henry S. , Gunnar Rolf M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSystolic cusp separation of normal aortic valves has been shown by echocardiography and by angiography to be related to left ventricular stroke volume. In this study, stroke volume was compared with echocardiographic area between the aortic cusps in systole (aortic ejection area). An excellent correlation was observed (r = 0.93) over a wide range of stroke volumes, even in the presence of mitral regurgitation. Stroke volume appears to correlate more closely with aortic ejection area than with angiographic or echocardiographic measurements of peak systolic cusp separation.
Real‐time ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: Schwerk W. , Braun B. , Dombrowski H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInflammatory and neoplastic infiltrations of the intestinal wall lead in advanced stages to a tumorous thickening that can be visualized by ultrasound as the so‐called cockade sign. The possibilities and limitations of ultrasound diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors are presented. Over a period of 2 years, 73 tumors were diagnosed, 39 primarily by means of ultrasound with the real‐time technique; 15 tumors were curatively resected at the time of primary ultrasound diagnosis.
Ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy: Findings and pitfalls
Authors: Graham Mary , Cooperberg Peter L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis of an unruptured interstitial gestation can be made by means of ultrasound examination. The most specific finding is an incomplete myometrial mantle around the sac. An eccentrically placed sac and failure to demonstrate the sac within the uterine cavity, i.e., near the internal os on the longitudinal scans, may be helpful ancillary findings. The differential diagnosis must take into consideration a pregnancy within one horn of a bicornuate uterus and a pregnancy within a myomatous uterus. Although this is a rare condition, it carries significant mortality if it ruptures. Diagnosis prior to rupture will reduce mortality and offer the possibility of preserving reproductive capabilities.
Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects: Evaluation of an adult population without clinically apparent heart disease
Authors: Gardin Julius M. , Henry Walter L. , Savage Daniel D. , Ware James H. , Burn Cora , Borer Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to determine normal echocardiographic values for older subjects, we studied 136 adults (78 men and 58 women, 20 to 97 years of age) without evidence of cardiovascular disease. When patients were subdivided into six age groups, progressive changes were found in mean normal values for various parameters. Specifically, when the oldest group (over 70 years) was compared with the youngest group (21–30 years), significant (p < 0.01) increases in aortic root (22 percent) and left atrial (16 percent) dimensions, in ventricular septal (20 percent) and left ventricular free‐wall (18 percent) thicknesses, and in estimated left ventricular mass (15 percent) were noted. In addition, a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in mean mitral E‐F slope (43 percent) and slight decreases in mean left ventricular systolic and diastolic internal dimensions (5 and 6 percent, respectively; p < 0.05) were noted. Left ventricular ejection fraction and percentage fractional shortening were found to be independent of age. These data have been used to derive regression equations that are related to both age and body surface area. The regression equations can be used to calculate mean normal values and 95 percent prediction intervals for echocardiographic measurements in adults.
Ultrasound visualization of the human yolk sac
Authors: Mantoni Margit , Pedersen Jan Fog 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound scanning in early pregnancy sometimes reveals a 2–5‐mm spheric structure lying adjacent to the fetus. The occurrence of this structure was studied in 60 consecutive ultrasound examinations. In the 7th to 9th weeks the sphere was seen in 19 of 22 examinations, and in the 10th and 11th weeks it was seen in 10 of 20 examinations. The sphere was not demonstrated in any of 18 examinations in the 12th to 14th weeks. It is believed that the spheric structure is the yolk sac.
Ultrasound: Patients' views
Authors: Janus Cynthia , Janus Samuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is virtually nothing in the literature about patients' perceptions and misconceptions regarding sonography. From January to June, 1979, 204 patients at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City were asked to fill out questionnaires before and after their sonographic examinations. The results showed that many of the first‐time patients did not know what to expect, had never heard of ultrasound, and were incorrectly prepared for the examination. Education of both patients and physicians is needed to prevent unnecessary patient anxiety and to encourage the use of this safe and accurate diagnostic modality.
The placental‐subplacental complex: A specific indicator of placental position on ultrasound
Authors: Callen Peter W. , Filly Roy A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSubplacental tissue frequently appears as a less echogenic zone adjacent to the more echogenic parenchymal texture of the placenta on gray‐scale sonograms. This complex of parenchymal structures is useful in specifically localizing placental position and extent, especially in posteriorly positioned placentas, which may be shadowed by the fetus, or in cases in which focally thickened portions of the myometrium or reverberation artifact may simulate the placenta.
Omentum mimicking cystic masses in the pelvis
Authors: Engel Juliette M. , Deitch Edwin A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree female patients with ultrasound criteria of pelvic cysts but with wads of omentum mimicking cystic structures are reported. In 2 patients the omentum was involved in an inflammatory process; in the third, normal omentum was found filling old surgical defects. All were confirmed surgically.
Real‐time aspiration‐biopsy transducer
Authors: Goldberg Barry B. , Cole‐Beuglet Catherine , Kurtz Alfred B. , Rubin Carl S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vitro and in vivo experience with a real‐time aspiration‐biopsy transducer indicates that the advantage of this instrument is that it permits the examiner to monitor the movement of the structure being aspirated or biopsied, as well as the movements of adjacent organs, while the needle tip is being inserted into the structure. When the needle tip is inserted into the skin, a strong acoustic shadow is produced along the path of the needle, indicating the optimum position for aspiration and biopsy. Within fluid‐filled areas the needle tip is imaged consistently. For solid‐organ biopsies, the movement of the structure of interest as well as the acoustic‐shadow path of the needle can be consistently observed, but the needle tip is recorded with more difficulty.
The ultrasound spectrum of prune‐belly syndrome
Authors: Garris Joel , Kangarloo Hooshang , Sarti Dennis , Sample W. Frederick , Smith Lorraine E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic features of prune‐belly syndrome are illustrated and described, corresponding to a classification based on clinical and radiographic findings. The severity of urinary tract involvement determines to which group a given patient is assigned. In group I, the kidneys are dysplastic, with no appreciable surrounding renal parenchyma. In group II, there is marked dilatation of the ureter and mild dilatation or no dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces. In group III, the involvement is milder, ranging from the sonographic findings typical of group II to those of normal‐appearing urinary tract.
The nonspecificity of the thyroid halo sign
Authors: Propper Richard A. , Skolnick M. Leon , Weinstein Barbara J. , Dekker Andrew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a series of 28 patients with solitary solid thyroid masses, 10 of the patients had a mass surrounded by a rim of decreased echoes or by an echo‐free rim, previously termed the halo sign. Eight of these lesions were benign, being either adenomas or benign nodules; however, two halos were also demonstrated surrounding proven carcinomas. The presence of the halo in both benign and malignant disease is illustrated, and the possibility of pericapsular inflammatory infiltrate as its underlying anatomic correlate is suggested.
Ultrasound demonstration of uterus subseptus
Authors: McArdle Colin R. , Berezin Andrew F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUterus subseptus, a common uterine anomaly, can be detected by ultrasound examination. In this series it was detected only during the second trimester of pregnancy. The reasons for this are discussed, and it is concluded that although ultrasound can be used to detect these anomalies, it is not sufficiently sensitive to supplant hysterography.
Anatomic variations of the carotid bifurcation affecting Doppler scan interpretation
Authors: Prendes José Luis , McKinney William M. , Buonanno Ferdinando S. , Jones Ann M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn anatomic variant for the position of the external carotid artery (ECA) at the carotid bifurcation was noted in 5.3 percent of patients studied by Doppler ultrasound and contrast angiography. The ECA is lateral to and posterior to the internal carotid artery (ICA) in these patients. Consideration of this important variant is mandatory for accurate ultrasound image correlation.