bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of heat transfer and pressure drop for various obstacles in a rectangular‐sectioned 90° bend
Authors: Ünalan Sebahattin , Orhan Akansu Selahaddin , Konca Ahmet 
Published: June 2007

PurposeRe<95,000 based on hydraulic diameter, heat transfer and turbulent flow through a rectangular‐sectioned 90° bend was investigated numerically and experimentally. To develop turbulence level, square prism and cylindrical obstacles was placed in the center of the bend.Design/methodology/approachFor heat transfer, uniform heat flux of 5,000 W/m2 from bend surfaces is assumed. Numerical analysis was realized for both the turbulent flow and heat transfer. For numerical study, FLUENT 6.1.22 code, RSM turbulence model, hybrid hexahedral‐tetrahedral cell structures and uniform inlet velocity assumption were selected. For the pressure distribution in the bend and velocity profile at the outlet of the bend, the experiments was carried out by means of manometers with ethyl alcohol, Mano‐air 500 Equipment and pitot‐static tube.FindingsThere was a high level of validation obtained between the numerical and the experimental results. Thereby, the mentioned numerical calculation method can be used most engineering applications. For Re>20,000, the square prism obstacles provide higher turbulence level and more favorable heat transfer than cylindrical obstacles. For Re<20,000, the obstacle use would not require for enhanced heat transfer aim. The obstacle in the bend cause considerably pressure drop in the bend.Originality/valueThe turbulent flow in the bend without obstacle has been numerically investigated by various turbulence models with the non‐refined mesh structure and various wall functions. For numerical solution of the turbulence flows and the heat transfer in the rectangular bend with obstacles, the FLUENT code and RSM turbulence model with enhanced wall functions are selected. In order to adapt the cell size and number to the turbulent flow the mesh structure was refined over curvature of turbulence dissipation rate in the bend.
Effects of temperature and salinity on the suspended sand transport
Authors: Dang Huu Chung 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to present a study on the effects of temperature and salinity on the vertical distribution of suspended sand concentration and transport rate on the basis of 1DV model.Design/methodology/approachThe finite difference method based on the implicit scheme of Crank‐Nicolson with an irregular grid was used for the fluid flow equation and the implicit upwind scheme with a staggered grid for the equation of concentration diffusion. The model was applied to five tests of the data sets from the Delta Flume with three different cases of temperature and salinity on the basis of parameterisation of the kinematic viscosity, the turbulence‐related sediment mixing coefficient and the concentration at the reference level.FindingsThe computed results showed that the vertical distributions of suspended sand concentration depend on salinity and specially, on temperature. When temperature increases or salinity decreases, the settling process of particles occurs considerably faster. For fine sand, the discrepancy on suspended sand transport rates due to temperature or salinity decreases with wave height. For coarse sand, the effect of temperature and salinity is not much affected by the wave height.Originality/valueThe quantitative evaluation of the roles of salinity, especially temperature once again confirmed their importance for the sediment transport and the process of coastal morphology. The further sense from this research may suggest some new ideas on the tendency of evolution of sea bed due to the warming of the earth in the future.
Modelling ice melting processes: numerical and experimental validation
Authors: Cruchaga Marcela , Celentano Diego 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis work is devoted to the experimental analysis, numerical modelling and validation of ice melting processes.Design/methodology/approachThe thermally coupled incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations including water density inversion and isothermal phase‐change phenomena are assumed as the governing equations of the problem. A fixed‐mesh finite element formulation is proposed for the numerical solution of such model. In particular, this formulation is applied to the analysis of two different transient problems.FindingsThe numerical results computed with the finite element formulation have been found to be very similar to the corresponding predictions, also obtained in this study, provided by a finite volume enthalpy‐based technique. Both numerical results, in turn, satisfactorily approached the available experimental measurements expressly conducted in the context of this work for validation purposes.Research limitations/implicationsThey are mainly due to some model simplifications (e.g. no volume changes are considered during the solid‐liquid transformation) and to the inherent difficulties associated with the experimental measurements.Practical implicationsThis study may be relevant for a better understanding of the phenomena occurring in different engineering applications involving phase‐change in water: food freezing, ice formation in pipes, freezing/melting processes in soils, ice growth in plane wings, etc.Originality/valueThe study is mainly focused on the validation of the numerical predictions obtained with the finite element formulation mentioned above with other results provided by a well‐known finite volume technique and, in addition, with available laboratory measurements carried out in the context of this work.
Developing culturally diverse organizations: a participative and empowerment‐based method
Authors: Sippola Aulikki 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the promotion of workplace multiculturalism via the use of a participative and empowerment‐based diversity training and development method.Design/methodology/approachA two‐year long qualitative, multiple case‐study amongst 15 Finnish organizations was conducted by means of the focus group method. Altogether 20 group interviews were held with so‐called “working culture bridge groups” consisting of different stakeholders and their four coordinators to explore the approaches, modes of action, achievements and explanatory factors that contributed to the development of working cultures towards multiculturalism.FindingsThe development method was directed more at individual than organizational level change processes. More specifically, the attitudes of the majority were perceived as the main problem and the goal was to influence them by enhancing their knowledge and awareness of multicultural issues. The effectiveness of the method was recognized to depend on the clarity of set goals, adequate resources, systemic development work at both the individual and organizational level as well as on the commitment of management.Research limitations/implicationsDespite being conducted in one country with low cultural diversity, an empowerment‐based method proved to be useful in directing the creation of inclusive working organizations.Practical implicationsThe method helps in planning the content and delivery of different diversity training and development approaches.Originality/valueThe paper offers a powerful tool and an innovative way for practitioners to align both organisational and diversity goals to meet individual needs, to identify inequalities and to increase the effectiveness of diversity initiatives.
Female part‐time workers' experiences of occupational mobility in the UK service industry
Authors: Tomlinson Jennifer 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis purpose of this paper it to explore the extent to which female part‐time workers experience occupational mobility in UK service sector firms, particularly promotional opportunities, since the implementation of the Part‐time Workers' Directive in 2000.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopts a qualitative methodology. In‐depth interviews were carried out with 62 women and 12 of their managers in five case study workplaces in the service industry, so as to better understand individuals' perceptions of part‐time work and the processes that shape part‐time working at an organisational level.FindingsThe findings are not particularly encouraging in terms of female part‐time workers' perceptions of their opportunities for career progression in four of the five case studies. Distinctions were found between legislation, organisational policies and informal workplace practices. It is argued in this paper that each of these levels is important in understanding patterns of change and continuity in the use and structuring of part‐time work.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in its use of occupational closure to explain the stratification of part‐time workers and this paper has significance and value for debates surrounding the progression and career prospects of non‐standard workers and diversity management more broadly.
Forest fire susceptibility and risk mapping using remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS)
Authors: Pradhan Biswajeet , Dini Hairi Bin Suliman Mohd , Arshad Bin Awang Mohamad 
Published: June 2007

PurposeIn a tropical country like Malaysia, forest fire is a very common natural and man‐made disaster that prevails in the whole South East Asian region throughout the year. Recently, the haze problem in Malaysia has created a lot of awareness among the government and eco‐tourism sectors. Therefore, detection of the hotspot is very important to delineate the forest fire susceptibility mapping. In this study, remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) have been used to evaluate forest fire susceptibility at Sungai Karang and Raja Muda Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Frequency ratio model has been applied for the delineation of forest fire mapping for the study area.Design/methodology/approachForest fire locations were identified in the study area from historical hotspots data from year 2000 to 2005 using AVHRR NOAA 12 and NOAA 16 satellite images. Various other supported data such as soil map, topographic data, and agro climate were collected and created using GIS. These data were constructed into a spatial database using GIS. The factors that influence fire occurrence, such as fuel type and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), were extracted from classified Landsat‐7 ETM imagery. Slope and aspect of topography were calculated from topographic database. Soil type was extracted from soil database and dry month code from agroclimate data. Forest fire susceptibility was analyzed using the forest fire occurrence factors by likelihood ratio method.FindingsA new statistical method has been applied for the forest fire susceptibility mapping. The results of the analysis were verified using forest fire location data with the help of a newly written programming code. The validation results show satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility map and the existing data on forest fire location. The GIS was used to analyze the vast amount efficiently, and statistical programs were used to maintain the specificity and accuracy. The result can be used for early warning, fire suppression resources planning and allocation.Originality/valueAll data used in this study are original. The forest fire susceptibility mapping has been done in this study area for the first time. A new program has been coded to cross‐verify the susceptibility map. The results were also verified with field data and other supporting weather data.
Using art in pre‐registration nurse education
Authors: Robinson Sally 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe paper comprises an evaluation of the inclusion of art‐related education within a health promotion course for student nurses, which ran for four cohorts from 2001 to 2005, and a description of a project to introduce art into a clinical skills laboratory as part of the course.Design/methodology/approachThe art‐related aspects of the course were evaluated by analysing qualitative comments from a questionnaire completed by a total of 83 students from the four cohorts. In addition, lecturers were invited to write their reflections. Only the 2003‐2004 cohort worked on the clinical skills laboratory art project in which students acted as a focus group, and later carried out interviews with patients.FindingsThe art‐related education was positively evaluated by most students, and appeared to have increased their awareness of health care environments. For some, it had promoted emotional awareness, empathy for patients and had been a therapeutic and enjoyable experience. A specification for art work to be introduced to the university's clinical skills laboratory was produced.Originality/valueUsing the arts in pre‐registration nurse education is relatively new in the UK, and this work provides an example of its potential to encourage empathy among student nurses for the experience of patients in health care settings. The paper provides an example of how art work could be introduced into health care settings.
Childhood obesity prevention and physical activity in schools
Authors: Davidson Fiona 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe aim of this literature review is to summarise and synthesise the research base concerning childhood obesity and physical activity, particularly in relation to teachers and schools and within a policy context of the UK. The review investigates childhood obesity, physical activity, physical education, the role of teachers, the role of schools and physical activity in the classroom.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was undertaken involving selection of primary research and other systematic reviews. A computer search was performed using a combination of keywords including: obesity, prevention, intervention, preventive, teachers, schools, healthy schools, role models, physical activity, physical education, active school, active classroom. The review also includes samples of media coverage of the issue.FindingsThis review highlights the complex and ambiguous nature of the evidence in relation to this important contemporary issue.Originality/valueA limited understanding of childhood obesity is evident from the review and this precludes definitive conclusions in relation to almost all aspects of the agenda. More quality research is needed in almost all areas of the topic, including areas such as the engagement of schools and teachers.
Analyzing bloggers data on software design patterns and applications integration; methodology and implementation
Authors: Fathelrahamn Adil , Shafaghi Mathew 
Published: June 2007

PurposeBlogs (a term that is short for weblogs) are one mean of getting public opinions about important topics. Several techniques could be used to reveal important views and directions from the analysis of blogs posted on the internet. The paper investigates issues concerning blogs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies a methodology to investigate blogs on domains of software design patterns and integration solutions within information technology community.FindingsThe methodology developed and implemented is an end‐to‐end approach to the collection, cleansing and analysis of bloggers posts.Originality/valueWhile the paper addresses a specific sector of bloggers, the methodology and templates used could be implemented and further improved for use with any other bloggers segment.
Analysis of security‐relevant semantics of BPEL in cross‐domain defined business processes
Authors: Fischer K.P. , Bleimann U. , Fuhrmann W. , Furnell S.M. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeAims to identify security‐relevant semantics of business processes being defined by WS‐BPEL (Web Services Business Process Execution Language, BPEL for short) scripts, in particular, when such scripts defining collaborative business processes on top of web services are deployed across security domain boundaries.Design/methodology/approachAnalysing potential of BPEL to define behaviour of business processes violating restrictions implied by security policies.FindingsSemantic patterns being combinations of particular BPEL features and web services with specific access restrictions implied by security policies are defined and their implications for analysis of BPEL scripts during compliance assessment of cross‐domain defined business processes are identified.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the research part of which is reported here have been applied in a research prototype to BPEL scripts of limited size and comparatively simple business logic. Real‐world examples of BPEL scripts with respect to size and complexity should be examined for further approving suitability of the algorithms used.Originality/valueThe results can be used to specify security policies in terms of security‐critical semantics of BPEL scripts in order to facilitate compliance assessment. In conjunction with other results of this research, this will help to overcome security issues arising from cross‐domain definition of business processes by enabling automatic compliance assessment prior to execution.
A risk‐control framework for e‐marketplace participation: the findings of seven cases
Authors: Ratnasingam Pauline 
Published: June 2007

PurposeE‐marketplaces have recently become a popular internet‐based e‐commerce application. Despite extensive research on this topic, there has been limited work in the realm of e‐marketplace security. This paper aims to discuss the role of e‐marketplace risks and controls in seven e‐marketplace firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have identified four types of risks and controls of e‐marketplaces namely; technological, economical, implementation, and relational. Seven e‐marketplace firms from a cross‐section of industries were chosen.FindingsThe research suggests that the type and extent of risks, as well as the type of industry and the products the firm sells, have a direct correlation with the method of e‐commerce application implemented for e‐marketplace.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to a risk control framework in e‐marketplace participation which will increase the awareness of security in e‐marketplace participation.
Investigating corporate intranet effectiveness: a conceptual framework
Authors: Noorman Masrek Mohamad , Shahriza Abdul Karim Nor , Hussein Ramlah 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis paper attempts to discuss at a conceptual level on the concept of intranet effectiveness and further analyze the effectiveness model with several contributing factors grouped as organizational, technological and individual factors.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's approach is a discussion of the issues.FindingsFirst, the relationship between antecedent factors, i.e. organizational, technological and individual factors and intranet effective usage and intranet service quality as well as the consequences of these two factors on user performance warrants for more exploration. Second, through an understanding of antecedent factors with intranet effective usage and intranet service quality as well as the impact of these two factors on employee effectiveness, organizations may gain an understanding that could improve their intranet usage and service quality leading towards better employee performance. Lastly, since the effectiveness of intranet is directly or indirectly impact organizational effectiveness, a better understanding of intranet success would definitely promote towards clearer understanding of organizational success.Originality/valueThe proposed model adapts IS success model by Delone and Mclean and defines intranet effectiveness as a composite of intranet effective usage, intranet service quality and individual impact.
Precisiated information retrieval for RSS feeds
Authors: Tseng Chris , Ng Patrick 
Published: June 2007

PurposeAims to report a novel method of filtering RSS feeds for obtaining more precise and related information without having to browse through all the incoming feeds.Design/methodology/approachImprove relevance ratio of incoming RSS feeds with configurable filtering phrases on feed title and feed page content. More relevant RSS feeds are obtained when additional semantically related synonym filtering phrases are used.FindingsFinds that filtering leads to more precise RSS feeds and extending the filtering phrase with synonym semantic can increase the number of relevant feeds by 3‐5 times.Originality/valueThe system documented here has been found to be able to help RSS feeds subscribers to browse fewer items with higher matching rate.
The application of signature recognition to transparent handwriting verification for mobile devices
Authors: Clarke N.L. , Mekala A.R. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe popularity of mobile devices and the evolving nature of the services and information they can delivery make them increasingly desirable targets for misuse. The ability to provide effective authentication of the user becomes imperative if protection against misuse of personally and financially sensitive information is to be provided. This paper discusses the application of biometrics to a mobile device in a transparent and continuous fashion and the subsequent advantages and disadvantages that are in contention with various biometric techniques.Design/methodology/approachAn investigation was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of utilising signature recognition, to verify users based upon written words and not signatures, thereby enabling transparent handwriting verification. Participants were required to write a number of common words, such as “hello” “sorry” and “thank you”. The ability to correctly verify against their own template and to reject impostors was then established.FindingsTotally, 20 users participated in the study and an average FAR and FRR of 0 and 1.2 per cent, respectively, were experienced across eight common words.Research limitations/implicationsThe initial study has proven very successful, however, further investigations need to be established with a larger population of users and a wider vocabulary of words.Originality/valueThis study has verified the feasibility of applying an existing signature recognition technique to transparent handwriting verification.
Incident response requirements for distributed security information management systems
Authors: Mitropoulos Sarandis , Patsos Dimitrios , Douligeris Christos 
Published: June 2007

PurposeSecurity information management systems (SIMs) have been providing a unified distributed platform for the efficient management of security information produced by corresponding mechanisms within an organization. However, these systems currently lack the capability of producing and enforcing response policies, mainly due to their limited incident response (IR) functionality. This paper explores the nature of SIMs while proposing a set of requirements that could be satisfied by SIMs for the efficient and effective handling of security incidents.Design/methodology/approachThese requirements are presented in a high‐level architectural concept and include policy visualization, system intelligence to enable automated policy management, as well as, data mining elements for inspection, evaluation and enhancements of IR policies.FindingsA primitive mechanism that could guarantee the freshness and accuracy of state information that SIMs provide in order to launch solid response alarms and actions for a specific incident or a series of incidents is proposed, along with a role based access control administrative model (ARBAC) based on a corporate model for IR. Basic forensic and trace‐back concepts that should be integrated into SIMs in order to provide the rich picture of the IR puzzle are also examined.Practical implicationsThe support of policy compliance and validation tools to SIMs is also addressed.Originality/valueThe aforementioned properties could greatly assist in automating the IR capability within an organization.