bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditioning for Strength, Power, and Aerobic Fitness for Specialist Police Tactical Groups
Authors: Orr Robin , Lockie Robert , Canetti Elisa F. D. , Black Johnathan , Robinson Jeremy , Dawes J. Jay , Schram Ben 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Police officers serving in specialist Police Tactical Groups (PTG), including Special Weapons and Tactics teams, are called on to perform tasks in highly volatile and unpredictable situations beyond those of general duties police officers. In addition to carrying loads of 20–25 kg, these officers have, and require, levels of fitness above that of the civilian population, general duties police, and even elite athletes. Through the PTGs' occupational lifespan, from initial selection to operational duties, candidates and serving officers require strength (both absolute and relative), power, and metabolic fitness (aerobic and anaerobic) to pass selection, mitigate injury, and perform occupational tasks. Given the complexities of conditioning these officers, including shift work and unpredictable job demands, a conjugate block periodization approach may be of value. Evidence suggests that a block periodization approach of 3 to 4 mesocycles, including an accumulation phase, a transmutation phase, a realization phase, and potentially a deloading or recovery phase may ensure an adequate training stimulus for these specialist officers. This is especially the case when supported by a dedicated and experienced strength and conditioning coach.
Effect of Iron Ore and Copper Ore Tailings on Engineering Properties and Hydration Products of Sustainable Cement Mortar
Authors: Sumukh Ekkeri Prakash , Das Bibhuti Bhusan , Barbhuiya Salim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The prohibition of river sand mining has drawn the attention of researchers in finding practicable alternatives. In the approach of finding these alternatives, it is essential to ensure minimal or zero impairment to the ecological balance, which can be mainly attained by making use of industrial waste/byproducts. The wastes from the mining industry are the major contributors in causing impairment to the environment, and their influence on the stability of mortars on using as fine aggregates needs to be systematically investigated with the view of long-term performance concerns. Thus, the present study explores the applicability of mine tailings and finding the optimum dosage in cement mortars by investigating the engineering properties and microstructure development with the aid of qualitative and quantitative analysis associated with hydration products. The studies confirm that the increased consumption of portlandite for secondary hydration reactions followed by the additional formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and calcium aluminum silicate hydrate (CASH) phases in mine tailing-based mortars helped in achieving a quality microstructure. These additional formations of CSH and CASH phases are also confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by identifying the shift of Si-O-Si stretching vibration bands toward a lower wavenumber. The lowering of calcium/silicate atomic ratio and increased formation of mineralogical compounds related to CSH and CASH in x-ray diffraction patterns also confirms the same. Gismondine, chabazite, and hillebrandite are the additional phases formed and found to take part in refining the pore structure. This enhanced performance of mine tailing mortars was also verified with the aid of a modified Andreasen and Andersen particle packing model. The formation of high-quality microstructure is reflected in the hardened properties of optimized cement mortar in the proportion of 20 % for iron ore tailing and 30 % for copper ore tailing.
Differential expression analysis identifies candidate synaptogenic molecules for wiring direction-selective circuits in the retina
Authors: Tworig J. , Morrie R. , Bistrong K. , Somaiya R. D. , Hsu S. , Liang J. , Cornejo K. , Feller M. B. 
Published: March 2024

An organizational feature of neural circuits is the specificity of synaptic connections. A striking example is the direction-selective (DS) circuit of the retina. There are multiple subtypes of DS retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs) that prefer motion along one of 4 preferred directions. This computation is mediated by selective wiring of a single inhibitory interneuron, the starburst amacrine cell (SAC), with each DSGC subtype preferentially receiving input from a subset of SAC processes. We hypothesize that the molecular basis of this wiring is mediated in part by unique expression profiles of DSGC subtypes. To test this, we first performed paired recordings from isolated mouse retina of both sexes to determine that postnatal day 10 (P10) represents the age at which asymmetric synapses form. Second, we performed RNA-sequencing and differential expression analysis on isolated P10 ON-OFF DSGCs tuned for either nasal or ventral motion and identified candidates which may promote direction-specific wiring. We then used a conditional knockout strategy to test the role of one candidate, the secreted synaptic organizer cerebellin-4 (Cbln4), in the development of DS tuning. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we observed a small deficit in directional tuning among ventral-preferring DSGCs lacking Cbln4, though whole-cell voltage clamp recordings did not identify a significant change in inhibitory inputs. This suggests that Cbln4 does not function primarily via a cell-autonomous mechanism to instruct wiring of DS circuits. Nevertheless, our transcriptomic analysis identified unique candidate factors for gaining insights into the molecular mechanisms that instruct wiring specificity in the DS circuit.Significance StatementBy performing mRNA transcriptome analysis on three populations of direction-selective ganglion cells - two preferring horizontal motion and one preferring vertical motion - we identified differentially expressed candidate molecules potentially involved in cell subtype-specific synaptogenesis within this circuit. We tested the role of one differentially expressed candidate, Cbln4, enriched in ventral-preferring DSGCs. Using a targeted knockout approach, the deletion of Cbln4 led to a small reduction in direction-selective tuning while maintaining dendritic morphology and normal strength and asymmetry of inhibitory synaptic transmission. Overall, we have shown that this approach can be used to identify interesting candidate molecules, and future functional studies are required to reveal the mechanisms by which these candidates influence synaptic wiring within specific circuits.
Pupillary responses reflect dynamic changes in multiple cognitive factors during associative learning in primates
Authors: Zhang (张艳歌) Yange , Wang (王天) Tian , Dai (戴伟枫) Weifeng , Li (李洋) Yang , Yang (杨祎) Yi , Wu (武宇洁) Yujie , Huang (黄见操) Jiancao , Zhou (周婷婷) Tingting , Xing (邢大军) Dajun 
Published: March 2024

Associative learning involves complex interactions of multiple cognitive factors. While adult subjects can articulate these factors verbally, for model animals such as macaques, we rely on behavioural outputs. In our study, we used pupillary responses as an alternative measure to capture these underlying cognitive changes. We recorded the dynamic changes in the pupils of three male macaques when they learned the associations between visual stimuli and reward sizes under the classical Pavlovian experimental paradigm. We found that during the long-term learning process, the gradual changes in the pupillary response reflect the changes in the cognitive state of the animals. The pupillary response can be explained by a linear combination of components corresponding to multiple cognitive factors. These components reflect the impact of visual stimuli on the pupils, the prediction of reward values associated with the visual stimuli, and the macaques’ understanding of the current experimental reward rules. The changing patterns of these factors during interday and intraday learning clearly demonstrate the enhancement of current reward-stimulus association and the weakening of previous reward-stimulus association. Our study shows that the dynamic response of pupils can serve as an objective indicator to characterize the psychological changes of animals, understand their learning process, and provide important tools for exploring animal behaviour during the learning process.Significance StatementThis study aimed to understand animal learning by observing their behaviour. By recording macaque monkeys’ pupillary responses during a reward-based learning process lasting 2-3 months, researchers found that the dynamic changes in pupillary responses can be influenced by both external and internal factors, which can be explained by a linear combination of components corresponding to multiple factors. This study validates the effectiveness of using pupillary measurements to capture cognitive factors at different time scales, ranging from short term (hours) to long term (months), for the first time. This study provides valuable insights for a deeper understanding of animal learning processes and has significant implications for the application of pupillary responses in medicine, education, and scientific research.
High-intensity interval training combining rowing and cycling improves but does not restore beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Houborg Petersen Maria , Stidsen Jacob Volmer , Eisemann de Almeida Martin , Kleis Wentorf Emil , Jensen Kurt , Ørtenblad Niels , Højlund Kurt 
Published: March 2024

Aim
We investigated whether a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol could restore beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes compared with sedentary obese and lean individuals.

Materials and methods
In patients with type 2 diabetes, and age-matched, glucose-tolerant obese and lean controls, we examined the effect of 8 weeks of supervised HIIT combining rowing and cycling on the acute (first-phase) and second-phase insulin responses, beta-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity (disposition index), and serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels using the Botnia clamp (1-h IVGTT followed by 3-h hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp).

Results
At baseline, patients with type 2 diabetes had reduced insulin sensitivity (~40%), acute insulin secretion (~13-fold), and disposition index (>35-fold), whereas insulin-suppressed serum FFA was higher (⁓2.5-fold) compared with controls (all P < 0.05). The HIIT protocol increased insulin sensitivity in all groups (all P < 0.01). In patients with type 2 diabetes, this was accompanied by a large (>200%) but variable improvement in the disposition index (P < 0.05). Whereas insulin sensitivity improved to the degree seen in controls at baseline, the disposition index remained markedly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes after HIIT (all P < 0.001). In controls, HIIT increased the disposition index by ~20–30% (all P < 0.05). In all groups, the second-phase insulin responses and insulin-suppressed FFA levels were reduced in response to HIIT (all P < 0.05). No group differences were seen in these HIIT-induced responses.

Conclusion
HIIT combining rowing and cycling induced a large but variable increase in beta-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes, but the disposition index remained severely impaired compared to controls, suggesting that this defect is less reversible in response to exercise training than insulin resistance.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03500016).
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase Skin-to-Skin Care Duration in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Balasundaram Palanikumar , Frascone Melissa , Wnukowski Samantha , Murphy Alana G. , Connors Jillian 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUNDSkin-to-skin (STS) care effectively improves neonatal outcomes, particularly for preterm neonates. However, utilization of STS remains suboptimal for the most vulnerable preterm neonates in the first 4 weeks of life. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to increase STS duration for neonates under 35 weeks gestation.METHODSThe QI initiative was conducted in a 35-bed level IV NICU within a teaching hospital in New York City from July 2021 to January 2023. Six months of baseline data and a staff survey determined interventions across “Plan, Do, Study, Act” cycles. Interim analyses guided interventions using run charts. Interventions included parental counseling and information leaflets, discussion during rounds on STS eligibility, STS education for residents, nurses’ feedback, and visual reminders. The primary outcome measure was the mean duration of STS per eligible patient day. The process measures were the age at first STS and documentation of eligibility for STS care in the electronic medical records. Balancing measures included adverse events such as apnea, bradycardia, desaturation, hypothermia, and inadvertent dislodgement of central lines and endotracheal tube.RESULTSThe study included 185 infants with a mean gestational age of 29.1 weeks. The mean STS duration per eligible patient day increased from a baseline of 13.3 minutes to 32.4 minutes without significantly increasing adverse events.CONCLUSIONSThe QI interventions implemented have successfully increased the duration of STS in preterm infants. Our interventions combined into an STS bundle can be a potential model for other NICUs to improve STS practice.
Development and Validation of Staging Systems for AA Amyloidosis
Authors: Basset Marco , Schönland Stefan O. , Obici Laura , Günther Janine , Riva Eloisa , Dittrich Tobias , Milani Paolo , Ferretti Virginia Valeria , Pasquinucci Ettore , Foli Andrea , Kimmich Christoph , Nanci Martina , Bellofiore Claudia , Benigna Francesca , Beimler Jörg , Benvenuti Pietro , Fabris Francesca , Mussinelli Roberta , Nuvolone Mario , Klersy Catherine , Albertini Riccardo , Merlini Giampaolo , Hegenbart Ute , Palladini Giovanni , Blank Norbert 
Published: March 2024

Key Points

Patients with AA amyloidosis and age ≥65 years, eGFR <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and N-terminal type-B natriuretic peptide >1000 ng/L and/or type-B natriuretic peptide >130 ng/L at diagnosis have poorer survival.Proteinuria >3.0 g/24 hours and eGFR <35 ml/min per 1.73 m2 identify patients at high risk of progression to end-stage kidney failure.Prognostic stratification in AA amyloidosis can be easily made by staging systems, similarly to AL and transthyretin amyloidosis.

Background
The kidney is involved in almost 100% of cases of AA amyloidosis, a rare disease caused by persistent inflammation with long overall survival but frequent progression to kidney failure. Identification of patients with advanced disease at diagnosis is difficult, given the absence of validated staging systems.

Methods
Patients with newly diagnosed AA amyloidosis from the Pavia (n=233, testing cohort) and Heidelberg (n=243, validation cohort) centers were included in this study. Cutoffs of continuous variables were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis predicting death or dialysis at 24 months. Prognostic factors included in staging systems were identified by multivariable models in the testing cohort.

Results
Age ≥65 years, eGFR <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and elevated natriuretic peptides (type-B natriuretic peptide >130 ng/L and/or N-terminal type-B natriuretic peptide >1000 ng/L) were associated with overall survival and included in the staging system (all with simplified coefficients 1). Mean 36-month overall survival was lower with higher staging system scores (score 0–1: 92%; score 2: 72%; score 3: 32%). These results were confirmed in the validation cohort. For kidney failure, variables selected to enter in the staging system model were proteinuria >3 g/24 hour and eGFR <35 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (both with simplified coefficients 1). The 36-month cumulative incidence of kidney failure was higher with higher staging system scores (score 0: 0%; score 1: 24%; score 2: 51%). Again, similar results were obtained in validation cohort.

Conclusions
We identified and validated biomarker-based staging systems for overall survival and kidney failure in AA amyloidosis.
Imitatio e aemulatio: a recepção de Marcial em Friedrich von Logau a partir de três epigramas
Authors: Porto Roberto Carlos Conceição 
Published: March 2024

Resumo: este artigo analisa os epigramas satíricos de Friedrich von Logau (1605-1655), poeta alemão desconhecido no mundo lusófono. Epigramatista, Logau escreveu mais de três mil epigramas e Marcial, poeta romano do século I d.C. pode ser considerado um de seus principais modelos. Entretanto, até o presente momento, a recepção de Marcial em Logau não fora satisfatoriamente analisada, nem mesmo na Alemanha, terra natal do poeta. Esta pesquisa pretende examinar essa recepção a partir de três epigramas em que Logau imita ou emula Marcial. Para isso, investiga-se a origem e desenvolvimento do gênero epigramático, as principais características do gênero em Marcial, o contexto e as preceptivas poéticas humanistas (Scaliger e Opitz) epigramáticas, algumas marcas dos epigramas satíricos de Logau e, por fim, a imitação e emulação do poeta romano pelo alemão. Palavras-chave: Epigrama. Marcial. Friedrich von Logau. Epigrama satírico.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TACKLING CORONAVIRUS AND FUTURE PANDEMICS
Authors: Quazi Shagufta , Singh Sampa Karmakar , Saha Rudra Prasad , Das Arpita , Singh Manoj Kumar 
Published: March 2024

SARS-COV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) was initially tested in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019 and had a devastating impact worldwide, exterminating more than 6 million people as of September 2022. It became the biggest worldwide health crisis since the 1918 influenza outbreak. Viruses generally mutate randomly, so predicting how SARS-CoV-2 will transform over the next few months or years and which forms will predominate is impossible. The possibilities for virus mutation, in theory, are practically endless. Enabling researchers to determine which antibodies have the potential to be most effective against existing and future variations could help machine learning to assist in drug discovery. In the COVID-19 pandemic, AI has benefited four key areas: diagnosis, clinical decision-making for public health, virtual assistance, and therapeutic research. This study conducted a discourse analysis and textual evaluation of AI (deep learning and machine learning) concerning the COVID-19 outbreak. Further, this study also discusses the latest inventions that can be very helpful in future pandemic detection. COVID-19 has already changed our lives, and in the future, we might be able to deal with pandemics like this with the help of AI. This review has also emphasized the legal implications of AI in the battle against COVID-19.
Descubriendo a Lota España: manuscritos inéditos de Dolores González Pérez, escritora olvidada por la crítica y la historiografía patriarcales
Authors: Vela García Dolores 
Published: March 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar y rescatar la figura y la obra de la escritora malagueña Dolores González Pérez, alias Lota España, cuyos textos y manuscritos inéditos han sido recientemente hallados. Para realizar una exégesis adecuada y certera de los mismos, adoptaremos la perspectiva de la crítica feminista y la hermenéutica, las cuales nos permitirán presentar a la autora y adentrarnos en su universo personal y literario, a través de un corpus compuesto por más de 3000 textos de indudable calidad literaria, y que incluye poesía, relatos cortos, novelas, cuentos, ensayos, crítica literaria y reseñas, artículos periodísticos y de opinión, etc. Además, analizaremos algunas de las contradicciones más significativas en torno a la persona y la obra, y cómo aquellas han influido en su producción literaria, y provocado, de forma determinante, el haber sido olvidada e ignorada por el canon literario patriarcal.
Representation of prime numbers on the complex plane
Authors: Csóka Levente 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study proposes a novel representation of prime numbers implying a quasiperiodic pattern. Based on the result that any real number, and conse-quently, a prime number, can be represented in a complex plane using Euler’s notation; we investigated the quantities characterizing the sum of centers, which were observed as prime numbers. The numerical results indicate that prime numbers can be generated by rooting the real numbers, and their progression can be decomposed into periodic sequences. The primary approach involved the implementation of these methods to extract the hidden periodicity in quasi-periodic prime arithmetic progression, which was arranged in a parabolic spiral exhibiting the harmonic pattern.
Disseminated mucormycosis in an apparently immunocompetent adult- a case report and systematic review of literature
Authors: Sengupta Abhinav , Sarda Radhika , Singh Gagandeep , Soneja Manish 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Mucormycosis is an emerging infectious disease, but still under-recognized, with significant delays in diagnosis and costly treatment. With increasing prevalence in resource-limited settings, it can have devastating consequences.
Methods
We report a case of disseminated mucormycosis in a patient with no risk factors, with a systematic literature review of disseminated mucormycosis in apparently immunocompetent patients.
Result
We present the case of a 54-year-old woman from rural India with no prior medical history, who presented with intermittent fever, chronic cough with blood-streaked sputum, and new onset right-sided hemiparesis. Imaging revealed multiple non-cavitary and cavitary lung lesions, and abscesses in the spleen, kidneys, and brain, leading to a suspicion of infective endocarditis or disseminated tuberculosis. Biopsy revealed the presence of aseptate hyphae, and a trehalose peak on MRS further established the diagnosis of disseminated mucormycosis. Aggressive treatment with amphotericin B deoxycholate and posaconazole was initiated, leading to clinical improvement.
Conclusion
This case emphasizes the importance of considering disseminated mucormycosis in patients with atypical presentations and highlights the need for prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management to improve patient outcomes.
A modular platform to generate functional sympathetic neuron-innervated heart assembloids
Authors: Zeltner Nadja , Wu Hsueh-Fu , Saito-Diaz Kenyi , Sun Xin , Song Ming , Saini Tripti , Grant Courtney , James Christina , Thomas Kimata , Abate Yohannes , Howerth Elizabeth , Kner Peter , Xu Bingqian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The technology of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based 3D organoid/assembloid cultures has become a powerful tool for the study of human embryonic development, disease modeling and drug discovery in recent years. The autonomic sympathetic nervous system innervates and regulates almost all organs in the body, including the heart. Yet, most reported organoids to date are not innervated, thus lacking proper neural regulation, and hindering reciprocal tissue maturation. Here, we developed a simple and versatile sympathetic neuron (symN)-innervated cardiac assembloid without the need for bioengineering. Our human sympathetic cardiac assembloids (hSCAs) showed mature muscle structures, atrial to ventricular patterning, and spontaneous beating. hSCA-innervating symNs displayed neurotransmitter synthesis and functional regulation of the cardiac beating rate, which could be manipulated pharmacologically or optogenetically. We modeled symN-mediated cardiac development and myocardial infarction. This hSCAs provides a tool for future neurocardiotoxicity screening approaches and is highly versatile and modular, where the types of neuron (symN or parasympathetic or sensory neuron) and organoid (heart, lung, kidney) to be innervated may be interchanged.