bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Long‐Term Abstinent Alcoholic Individuals
Authors: Di Sclafani Victoria , Finn Peter , Fein George 
Published: March 2007

Background: A high prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders has been demonstrated in individuals with an alcohol use disorder in both community and treatment samples, with higher comorbidity in treatment samples. In this study, we examined lifetime and current psychiatric diagnoses in long‐term abstinent alcoholic individuals (LTAA; mean abstinence=6.3 years; n=52) compared with age and gender‐comparable non‐alcoholic controls (NC; n=48). We asked the following questions: (1) to achieve long‐term abstinence, must an individual be relatively psychiatrically healthy (i.e., comparable with NC) and (2) can ongoing abstinence be maintained in the face of a current psychiatric disorder?Methods: Lifetime and current (prior 12 months) psychiatric diagnoses were assessed in the mood, anxiety, and externalizing disorder domains using the computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule (c‐DIS).Results: Over 85% of LTAA had a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis, compared with 50% of NC. Long‐term abstinent alcoholic individuals had a higher prevalence than NC of lifetime mood, anxiety, and externalizing disorder diagnoses. Long‐term abstinent alcoholic individuals also had a greater prevalence than NC of current mood and anxiety diagnoses. Although LTAA had a greater lifetime prevalence of an antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) than NC, no LTAA or NC had a current ASPD diagnosis. Finally, there was no association of duration of abstinence with lifetime or current psychiatric diagnoses, consistent with psychiatric diagnoses having little effect on relapse.Conclusions: Our results suggest that: (1) the presence of a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis does not militate against achieving long‐term abstinence, (2) abstinence can be maintained in the presence of a current mood or anxiety disorder, and (3) a current diagnosis of ASPD may not be compatible with long‐term abstinence. The relatively low levels of antisocial behavior compared with preabstinence (as indicated by no LTAA meeting current criteria for ASPD) raises the question of whether the neurobiology underlying antisocial behavior is changed in abstinence, or brought under increased executive control, or both.
Structure Flexibility Impacts on Robust Active Vibration Isolation Using Mixed Sensitivity Optimization
Authors: Olsson Claes 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Active vibration isolation from an arbitrarily, structurally complex receiver is considered with respect to the impacts of structure flexibility on the open- and closed-loop system characteristics. Specifically, the generally weak influence of flexibility on the open-loop transfer function in the case of total force feedback, in contrast to acceleration feedback, is investigated. The open-loop system characteristics are analyzed based on open-loop transfer function expressions obtained using modal expansion and on modal model order reduction techniques. To closely demonstrate and illustrate the impacts of flexibility on the closed-loop system performance and stability, a problem of automotive engine vibration isolation from a flexible subframe is presented where the neglected dynamics are represented as an output multiplicative model perturbation. A physical explanation as to why the contribution of flexibility to the open-loop transfer function could be neglected in the case of total force feedback in contrast to acceleration feedback is given. Factors for an individual eigenmode to not significantly contribute to the total force output are presented where the deviation of the mode direction relative to the actuator force direction is pointed out as a key one in addition to modal mass and damping coefficient. In this context, the inherent differences between model order reduction by modal and by balanced truncation are being stressed. For the specific automotive vibration isolation application considered, the degradation of robust performance and stability is shown to be insignificant when obtaining a low-order controller by using total force feedback and neglecting flexibility in the design phase.
Establishing Acceptance Criteria for Cell-Mediated-Immunity Assays Using Frozen Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Stored under Optimal and Suboptimal Conditions
Authors: Smith Jeffrey G. , Joseph Heather R. , Green Tina , Field Jodie A. , Wooters Melissa , Kaufhold Robin M. , Antonello Joseph , Caulfield Michael J. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay is a powerful tool for measuring antigen-specific cellular immune responses. The ability to use frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) facilitates testing samples in multicenter clinical trials; however, unreliable ELISPOT responses may result if samples are not handled properly. Exposure of frozen PBMC to suboptimal storage temperature (−20°C) or repeated cycling between more optimal storage temperatures (less than −130°C and −70°C) reduced the quality of frozen PBMC, as assessed by cell viability and functional ELISPOT response measures. Cell viability as assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion was reduced, and the percentage of apoptotic cells, as determined by the Guava Nexin assay, was significantly increased after these events. The functional gamma interferon ELISPOT responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) mitogen, a CD4 T-cell-specific antigen (varicella-zoster virus), and a CD8 T-cell-specific antigen (pool containing known cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and influenza virus peptides) were all significantly reduced after suboptimal storage events. However, for a given suboptimal storage event, the magnitude of the reduction varied between individuals and even among aliquots within an individual bleed, indicating the need for sample-specific acceptance criteria (AC). The percent viable or percent apoptotic cells after thaw, as well as the functional ELISPOT response to PHA, were all effective when applied with limits as AC for separating samples damaged during storage from valid control samples. Although all three AC measures could be effectively applied, the apoptosis AC limit applied was best for separating samples that could respond to antigenic stimulation from samples that could not effectively respond.
Multilocus Sequence Typing of the Pathogenic Fungus
Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Bain J. M. , Tavanti A. , Davidson A. D. , Jacobsen M. D. , Shaw D. , Gow N. A. R. , Odds F. C. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was devised for
Aspergillus fumigatus
. The system involved sequencing seven gene fragments and was applied to a panel of 100 isolates of
A. fumigatus
from diverse sources. Thirty different sequence types were found among the 100 isolates, and 93% of the isolates differed from the other isolates by only one allele sequence, forming a single clonal cluster as indicated by the eBURST algorithm. The discriminatory power of the MLST method was only 0.93. These results strongly indicate that
A. fumigatus
is a species of a relatively recent origin, with low levels of sequence dissimilarity. Typing methods based on variable numbers of tandem repeats offer higher levels of strain discrimination. Mating type data for the 100 isolates showed that 71 isolates were type
MAT1
-
2
and 29 isolates were
MAT1
-
1
.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific CD8+TEMRACells in Early Infection Are Linked to Control of HIV-1 Viremia and Predict the Subsequent Viral Load Set Point
Authors: Northfield John W. , Loo Christopher P. , Barbour Jason D. , Spotts Gerald , Hecht Frederick M. , Klenerman Paul , Nixon Douglas F. , Michaëlsson Jakob 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTCD8+T cells are believed to play an important role in the control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, despite intensive efforts, it has not been possible to consistently link the overall magnitude of the CD8+T-cell response with control of HIV-1. Here, we have investigated the association of different CD8+memory T-cell subsets responding to HIV-1 in early infection with future control of HIV-1 viremia. Our results demonstrate that both a larger proportion and an absolute number of HIV-1-specific CD8+CCR7−CD45RA+effector memory T cells (TEMRAcells) were associated with a lower future viral load set point. In contrast, a larger absolute number of HIV-1-specific CD8+CCR7−CD45RA−effector memory T cells (TEM) was not related to the viral load set point. Overall, the findings suggest that CD8+TEMRAcells have superior antiviral activity and indicate that both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the CD8+T-cell response need to be considered when defining the characteristics of protective immunity to HIV-1.
Strafrecht und die Herausforderungen des Pluralismus: 10./11. März 2006, Columbia University Law School, New York,
Authors: Petersdorf Boris 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Am 10. und 11. März 2006 fand an der Columbia University Law School, New York, ein internationaler und interdisziplinärer Workshop zum Thema „Criminal Law and Cultural Diversity“ statt. Der Workshop wurde gemeinsam von der Columbia University Law School und der Queen's University, Kingston (Ontario), veranstaltet. An ihm nahmen Strafrechtler, Rechtsphilosophen und politische Philosophen teil, wofür auch die Organisatoren beispielhaft standen: Dozent Claes Lernestedt (Örebro Universitet), Prof. Jeremy Waldron (Columbia University) und Prof. Will Kymlicka (Queen's University). Die Herausforderungen des Rechts durch den Pluralismus, insbesondere die Herausforderungen, vor denen das Strafrecht steht, wurden in neun Beiträgen beleuchtet, die Anlass für umfassende und teilweise kontroverse Diskussionen boten: Im Folgenden werden die Diskussionen zusammengefasst (II.); dazu ist es jedoch erforderlich, den Ausgangspunkt der US-amerikanischen Diskussion, namentlich die Debatte um cultural defenses, in Erinnerung zu rufen (I.). Abschließend wird versucht, die Bedeutung zu umreißen, welche die Pluralismusdebatte für die deutschsprachige Strafrechtslehre haben könnte (III.).
Combined use of chitosan and alginate in the treatment of wastewater
Authors: Qin Yimin , Cai Liling , Feng Deming , Shi Bingbing , Liu Jingjie , Zhang Wentao , Shen Yichao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined the combined use of chitosan and sodium alginate in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy‐metal ions and dye. Wastewater samples were divided into two equal parts before chitosan and sodium alginate solutions were added to each part. When these two solutions were mixed together, the heavy‐metal ions and dye molecules were separated from the water as the positively charged chitosan and the negatively charged sodium alginate precipitated each other. The effects of the concentration and ratio of chitosan and sodium alginate, the treatment temperature, and the time on the efficiency of metal‐ion and dye removal were investigated. The results showed that when used in combination, sodium alginate and chitosan were effective in removing copper, cadmium, lead, and silver ions as well as acid dye molecules © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3581–3587, 2007
Template Synthesis of a Huge Macrocycle by Olefin Metathesis Using Easily Accessible [Pt(PEt3)2] Templates
Authors: Song Kyu Ho , Kang Sang Ook , Ko Jaejung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have reported the template synthesis of a 90‐membered macrocycle by olefin metathesis. The macrocycle 7 was prepared by an initial six‐oxidative‐addition reaction of 2 by [Pt(PEt3)4]. The definite structure of a six‐oxidative product was confirmed by the crystal structure. The coordination of 2,6‐bis(hex‐5‐enyloxy)pyridine to 3 led to the hexacationic aryl complex of type 4. The metathesis of olefin‐substituted pyridine with Grubbs catalyst ([PhCHRuCl2(Cy3P)2]) formed the expected macrocycle 5. The olefin metathesis reaction was formed under high dilution to suppress intermolecular olefin metathesis polymerization. The detachment of the newly formed macrocycle 6, followed by reduction to alkane macrocycle 7 by using palladium on charcoal and hydrogen led to a huge macrocycle. The mild and easy access of the template protocol opens a host of potential subsequent transformations toward the construction of a variety of macrocycles.
Polyoxometalate Clusters, Nanostructures and Materials: From Self‐Assembly to Designer Materials and Devices
Authors: Long De‐Liang , Burkholder Eric , Cronin Leroy 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dynamic response of rectangular foundations to obliquely incident seismic waves
Authors: Wong H. L. , Luco J. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA study is made of the harmonic response of a rigid massless rectangular foundation bonded to an elastic half‐space and subjected to the action of both external forces and obliquely incident plane seismic waves. The associated mixed boundary value problem is discretized and solved numerically. The results obtained indicate that the angle of incidence of the seismic wave has a marked effect on the nature and magnitude of the foundation response.
Fix‐point linearization schemes for nonlinear steady‐state eddy current problems
Authors: Janíková E. , Slodička M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe study a nonlinear degenerate partial differential equation strongly motivated by the modelling of processes in type‐II superconductors in a bounded domain along with appropriate boundary conditions. We design a robust and efficient linear approximation scheme based on fix‐point principle. We prove the convergence of approximations to a weak solution of the original problem. Some numerical experiments are presented in order to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of decoupling recurrent and disruption risks in a supply chain
Authors: Chopra Sunil , Reinhardt Gilles , Mohan Usha 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper focuses on the importance of decoupling recurrent supply risk and disruption risk when planning appropriate mitigation strategies. We show that bundling the two uncertainties leads a manager to underutilize a reliable source while over utilizing a cheaper but less reliable supplier. As in Dada et al. (working paper, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 2003), we show that increasing quantity from a cheaper but less reliable source is an effective risk mitigation strategy if most of the supply risk growth comes from an increase in recurrent uncertainty. In contrast, we show that a firm should order more from a reliable source and less from a cheaper but less reliable source if most of the supply risk growth comes from an increase in disruption probability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Prenatal screening and diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: a review of safety issues and psychological consequences for women who undergo screening
Authors: Khoshnood Babak , De Vigan Catherine , Goffinet François , Leroy Valériane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAs part of the EUROTOXO initiative, this review focuses on the potential risks associated with prenatal testing for congenital toxoplasmosis. We first review the evidence on the risks of adverse events associated with amniocentesis, which is required for definitive diagnosis of toxoplasmosis infection in the fetus, and for which the most important risk is fetal loss. To date, there has been only one randomized trial to document risks associated with amniocentesis. This trial, which was conducted in 1986, reported a procedure‐related rate of fetal loss of 1.0% (95% CI, 0.3–1.5). However, evidence from available controlled studies suggests that the pregnancy loss associated with mid‐trimester amniocentesis may be lower.Potential psychological consequences of prenatal testing for congenital toxoplasmosis include parental anxiety due to false positive results and uncertainties related to prognosis of children with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Parental anxiety may be particularly important in screening strategies that include more frequent screenings, which may in turn entail substantial, and at times unnecessary, anxiety or other negative consequences for women and their families. These negative psychological outcomes should be balanced against the benefits of testing, which can allow women to make an informed choice regarding the pregnancy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bench‐scale processing of amaranth seed for oil
Authors: Sun H. , Wiesenborn D. , Rayas‐Duarte P. , Mohamed A. , Hagen K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAmaranth seed (Amaranthus hypochondriacus cv. K432) was processed to obtain oil, reported to be a promising source of squalene. The amaranth seed was ground using a stone mill, then separated into oil‐rich embryonic tissue (or “bran”) and starchy perisperm. Amaranth bran was much more stable than rice bran when free fatty acid (FFA) content and peroxide value were monitored. Milling at a gap of 0.755 mm did not result in excessive damage to the starch in the perisperm fraction and yielded a bran fraction that contained more than three‐fourths of the oil and a starchy fraction consisting of more than two‐thirds of the seed weight. The bran particles were too fine for effective bench‐scale extraction of the oil. Consequently the bran was extruded into collects prior to extraction. Two extrusion settings were evaluated regarding the rate of moisture injection, while the bran feed rates were constant. There was no significant difference in appearance or size between the two dried collets. Collets were extracted with hexane using an Armfield Extraction/Desolventizing Unit (Model FT 29, Armfield, Ltd., Hampshire, England). Oil recovery averaged 97.7 and 80.0%, respectively. Oil was extracted at high yield from the bran when the bran was extruded into collets. Oil can be obtained as a coproduct of amaranth starch by milling and separating the fractions of amaranth seed. Milling, extrusion, and extraction did not decrease significantly the squalene content in amaranth oil, but increased FFA content and peroxide value and changed tocopherol content of the oil.
Spectrophotometric assay of 2,4‐dienoyl coenzyme a reductase with 5‐phenyl‐2,4‐pentadienoyl‐coenzyme a as substrate
Authors: Nada Mohamed A. , Shoukry Khaled , Schulz Horst 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe spectrophotometric assay of 2,4‐dienoyl coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) was modified to improve the linearity and sensitivity of this method. 5‐Phenyl‐2,4‐pentadienoyl‐CoA, which has an absorbance maximum at 340 nm with an extinction coefficient of 44,300 M−1 cm−1, was synthesized and used as substrate. This compound is reduced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐dependent 2,4‐dienoyl‐CoA reductase to 5‐phenyl‐3‐pentenoyl‐CoA. When a tissue homogenate serves as an enzyme source, the product is further metabolized by Δ3Δ2‐enoyl‐CoA isomerase (EC 5.3.3.8) to 5‐phenyl‐2‐pentenoyl‐CoA, which is hydrated to 5‐phenyl‐3‐hydroxypentanoyl‐CoA by enoyl‐CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17). The modified assay method, which measures the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm due to the reduction of 5‐phenyl‐2,4‐pentadienoyl‐CoA and the oxidation of NADPH, is linear for a longer period of time and is twice as sensitive as the conventional assay with 2,4‐decadienoyl‐CoA as substrate.
A sharp inequality for the logarithmic coefficients of univalent functions
Authors: Roth Oliver 
Published: March 2007

We prove the sharp inequality
\[

∑

k
=
1

∞

(

k

k
+
1

)

2

|

c
k

(
f
)

|

2

≤
4

∑

k
=
1

∞

(

k

k
+
1

)

2

1

k
2

=

2

π
2

−
12

3

\sum \limits _{k=1}^{\infty } \left ( \frac {k}{k+1} \right )^2 |c_k(f)|^2 \le 4 \sum _{k=1}^{\infty } \left ( \frac {k}{k+1} \right )^2 \frac {1}{k^2}=\frac {2 \, \pi ^2-12}{3}

\]
for the logarithmic coefficients

c
k

(
f
)

c_k(f)

of a normalized univalent function

f
f

in the unit disk.
Plasma glucose levels in the peri‐operative period in children
Authors: PAYNE K. , IRELAND P. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryPeri‐operative plasma glucose levels were studied in one hundred children under 5 years of age and under 20 kg. All underwent procedures of less than 30 minutes. Of 32 cases under the third percentile for weight, ten developed low plasma glucose during the pre‐operative andlor postoperative phase. This occurred despite receiving 5% dextrose by mouth 4 hours before induction. Even in children of normal weight there was a low incidence of peri‐operative hypoglycaemia. Routine intravenous glucose‐containing fluids are thus recommended during the peri‐operative period.
Bupivacaine leak past inflated tourniquets during intravenous regional analgesia
Authors: DAVIES J. A. H. , WILKEY A. D. , HALL I. D. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA small leak of bupivacaine n'as detected in 13 out of 52 cases (25%) during intravenous regional analgesia for the upper limb whilst the tourniquet cuff remained properly inflated. The plasma levels of bupivacaine (runge 0.2–0.4 μg/ml) were well below the toxic range, and no adverse sequelae resulted.
Nonstationary
Heat Conduction in Complex-Shape Laminated
Plates
Authors: Shupikov Alexander
N. , Smetankina Natalia
V. , Svet Yevgeny V. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Based on the immersion method, an analytical solution has been obtained for the problem of nonstationary heat conduction in laminated plates of complex plan shape when they are heated with interlayer film heat sources. The temperature distribution over the thickness of each layer is represented in the form of an expansion in a system of the orthonormal Legendre polynomials and, in the plate plane, it is represented as trigonometric series expansions. Temperature fields were investigated in a five-layer plate for conditions of convective heat exchange with the environment. The method suggested can be applied for designing heating systems and determining temperature stresses in laminated glazing for different vehicles
Multiplex PCR Assay for Rapid and Accurate Capsular Typing of Group B Streptococci
Authors: Poyart Claire , Tazi Asmaa , Réglier-Poupet Hélène , Billoët Annick , Tavares Nicole , Raymond Josette , Trieu-Cuot Patrick 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
We developed a simple, specific, and sensitive two-multiplex-PCR assay that enabled the detection of all known group B streptococcal (GBS) capsular polysaccharides. This test is well adapted for GBS capsular polysaccharide typing in large-scale epidemiological studies.