bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geschichte der chirurgischen Behandlung von Herzrhythmusstörungen in Deutschland
Authors: Klein Helmut U. , Trappe Hans-Joachim , Frank Günter 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Geschichte der Behandlung ventrikulärer Tachykardien durch chirurgische Verfahren ist kurz; sie dauerte nicht länger als 15 Jahre von etwa 1978 bis 1993. Grundsätzlich sind zwei chirurgische Verfahren zu unterscheiden. Die indirekten Verfahren mit Resektion einer Infarktnarbe ohne elektrophysiologische Untersuchung und die direkten Verfahren mit gezielter Endokardinzision („encircling endocardial ventriculotomy“). In Deutschland haben Ostermeyer, Breithardt und Seipel (Düsseldorf) 1979 erstmals über intraoperatives, elektrophysiologisches Mapping bei ventrikulären Tachykardien (VT) berichtet; 1981 hat dann die Gruppe in Hannover (Frank, Klein) über erste Ergebnisse bei der chirurgischen Therapie von Kammertachykardien berichtet. 1984 konnten Ostermeyer, Breithardt und Borggrefe zeigen, dass eine nur partielle Endokardinzision deutlich günstiger und weniger Ventrikel schädigend (8 % vs. 46 %) ist als eine komplette zirkuläre Inzision. 1987 berichtete die Düsseldorfer Gruppe über Behandlungsergebnisse von 93 Patienten. Nach 5 Jahren waren 77 % der Patienten ohne VT-Rezidiv, die Gesamtmortalität nach einem Jahr war 11 %, nach 5 Jahren 30 %. Die Hannover Gruppe berichtete 1992 über 147 Patienten, die mit endokardialem Resektionsverfahren behandelt wurden; die Gesamtmortalität nach 3 Jahren war 27 %, VT-Rezidive traten bei 18 % der Überlebenden auf.Die Geschichte der chirurgischen Verfahren bei supraventrikulären Tachykardien (SVT), insbesondere dem Wolff-Parkinson-White(WPW)-Syndrom ist noch kürzer als die der Chirurgie für VT. Bereits 1969 berichteten Sealy, Gallagher und Cox über die ersten Fälle einer chirurgischen Intervention beim WPW-Syndrom über einen endokardialen Zugang bei kardioplegischem Herzstillstand. 1984 berichteten Guiraudon und Klein über ein neues Verfahren mit epikardialem Zugang zum akzessorischen Bündel ohne Kardioplegie bei lateral lokalisierten Leitungsbahnen. Auch in Deutschland führten seit 1980 die Gruppen in Düsseldorf (Ostermeyer, Seipel, Breithardt, Borggrefe) und seit 1981 die Hannover Gruppe (Frank, Klein und Kallfelz) operative Verfahren bei WPW-Syndrom durch. Borggrefe berichtete 1987 über 18 operierte Patienten mit WPW-Syndrom und Vorhofflimmern. Nach 2 Jahren blieben 14 von 18 Patienten ohne Tachykardie Rezidive; 1989 berichteten Frank, Klein und Kallfelz (Hannover) über 10 operierte Kinder (2−14 Jahre) unter Anwendung der Kryoablationstechnik. Zwischen 1984 und 1992 wurden in Hannover insgesamt 120 Patienten mit SVT, meist WPW-Syndrom, operiert; nach 42 Monaten hatten 12 Patienten ein SVT-Rezidiv. Bei der Reoperation verstarben 2 Patienten.
Can frequent long stimulus onset ansynchronies (SOAs) foster the representation of two separated task-sets in dual-tasking?
Authors: Pelzer Lasse , Naefgen Christoph , Herzig Julius , Gaschler Robert , Haider Hilde 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent findings suggest that in dual-tasking the elements of the two tasks are associated across tasks and are stored in a conjoint memory episode, meaning that the tasks are not represented as isolated task-sets. In the current study, we tested whether frequent long stimulus onset ansynchronies (SOAs) can foster the representation of two separated task-sets thereby reducing or even hindering participants to generate conjoint memory episodes—compared to an integrated task-set representation induced by frequent short SOAs. Alternatively, it is conceivable that conjoint memory episodes are an inevitable consequence of presenting two tasks within a single trial. In two dual-task experiments, we tested between consecutive trials whether repeating the stimulus–response bindings of both tasks would lead to faster responses than repeating only one of the two tasks’ stimulus–response bindings. The dual-task consisted of a visual-manual search task (VST) and an auditory-manual discrimination task (ADT). Overall, the results suggest that, after processing two tasks within a single trial, generating a conjoint memory episode seems to be a default process, regardless of SOA frequency. However, the respective SOA frequency affected the participants’ strategy to group the processing of the two tasks or not, thereby modulating the impact of the reactivated memory episode on task performance.
Role of hydroxymethylglutharyl-coenzyme A reductase in the induction of stem-like states in breast cancer
Authors: Marks María Paula , Giménez Carla Alejandra , Isaja Luciana , Vera Mariana Belén , Borzone Francisco Raúl , Pereyra-Bonnet Federico , Romorini Leonardo , Videla-Richardson Guillermo Agustín , Chasseing Norma Alejandra , Calvo Juan Carlos , Vellón Luciano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
De novo synthesis of cholesterol and its rate-limiting enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutharyl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), is deregulated in tumors and critical for tumor cell survival and proliferation. However, the role of HMGCR in the induction and maintenance of stem-like states in tumors remains unclear.

Methods
A compiled public database from breast cancer (BC) patients was analyzed with the web application SurvExpress. Cell Miner was used for the analysis of HMGCR expression and statin sensitivity of the NCI-60 cell lines panel. A CRISPRon system was used to induce HMGCR overexpression in the luminal BC cell line MCF-7 and a lentiviral pLM-OSKM system for the reprogramming of MCF-7 cells. Comparisons were performed by two-tailed unpaired t-test for two groups and one- or two-way ANOVA.

Results
Data from BC patients showed that high expression of several members of the cholesterol synthesis pathway were associated with lower recurrence-free survival, particularly in hormone-receptor-positive BC. In silico and in vitro analysis showed that HMGCR is expressed in several BC cancer cell lines, which exhibit a subtype-dependent response to statins in silico and in vitro. A stem-like phenotype was demonstrated upon HMGCR expression in MCF-7 cells, characterized by expression of the pluripotency markers NANOG, SOX2, increased CD44 +/CD24low/ −, CD133 + populations, and increased mammosphere formation ability. Pluripotent and cancer stem cell lines showed high expression of HMGCR, whereas cell reprogramming of MCF-7 cells did not increase HMGCR expression.

Conclusion
HMGCR induces a stem-like phenotype in BC cells of epithelial nature, thus affecting tumor initiation, progression and statin sensitivity.
Behandlung von biogenen Abfällen in Kleingeräten in Haushalten und Kleinanlagen in der Gastronomie
Authors: Bockreis Anke , Hecher Julius , Schäfer Luzia , Knapp Julika 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Abfallwirtschaft wird in den Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), den Zielen für nachhaltige Entwicklung der Vereinten Nationen, durch mehrere spezifische Ziele und Indikatoren berücksichtigt. Biogene Abfälle spielen in der Abfallwirtschaft eine wesentliche Rolle, zum einen aufgrund ihrer Mengenrelevanz sowie ihres Emissionspotenzials vor allem bei der Deponierung unbehandelter Abfälle, zum anderen auch aufgrund ihres Energie- und Nährstoffpotenzials. Wesentlich ist daher die getrennte Erfassung der biogenen Abfälle und ihre entsprechende Behandlung bzw. Verwertung. Im Haushaltsbereich gibt es seit einiger Zeit eine verstärkte Entwicklung und Verwendung von Kleingeräten zur Sammlung bzw. zur Behandlung von Lebensmittelabfällen. Diese sollen die Sammlung bzw. Behandlung hygienischer und geruchsärmer gestalten. Am Markt verfügbar sind sowohl Geräte mit bzw. ohne Strombedarf. Die Geräte haben verschiedene Zielsetzungen und Funktionsweisen, wie z. B. Kühlung der Bioabfälle, Trocknung oder auch „Schnellkompostierung“. Solche „Schnellkomposter“ und Trockner werden heutzutage auch verstärkt für den Gastronomiebereich beworben. Bei den „Schnellkompostern“ ist die Zielsetzung, einen „Kompost“ bzw. ein umweltfreundliches Produkt in kurzer Zeit herzustellen und damit sowohl das Volumen der gelagerten Lebensmittelabfälle (und damit verbundene Entsorgungskosten) als auch die Gerüche zu reduzieren. Solche Geräte aus dem Haushaltsbereich bzw. Kleinanlagen aus dem Gastronomiebereich wurden untersucht und evaluiert. Zielsetzung war, neben der Ermittlung der Handhabung solcher Geräte, die Überprüfung der Funktionsweise und bei den Kleingeräten für den Haushaltsbereich auch die ökologische Bewertung der Geräte.
3D orientation field transform
Authors: Yeung Wai-Tsun , Cai Xiaohao , Liang Zizhen , Kang Byung-Ho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVascular structure enhancement is very useful in image processing and computer vision. The enhancement of the presence of the structures like tubular networks in given images can improve image-dependent diagnostics and can also facilitate tasks like segmentation. The two-dimensional (2D) orientation field transform has been proved to be effective at enhancing 2D contours and curves in images by means of top-down processing. It, however, has no counterpart in 3D images due to the extremely complicated orientation in 3D against 2D. Given the rising demand and interest in handling 3D images, we experiment with modularising the concept and generalise the algorithm to 3D curves. In this work, we propose a 3D orientation field transform. It is a vascular structure enhancement algorithm that can cleanly enhance images having very low signal-to-noise ratio, and push the limits of 3D image quality that can be enhanced computationally. This work also utilises the benefits of modularity and offers several combinative options that each yield moderately better enhancement results in different scenarios. In principle, the proposed 3D orientation field transform can naturally tackle any number of dimensions. As a special case, it is also ideal for 2D images, owning a simpler methodology compared to the previous 2D orientation field transform. The concise structure of the proposed 3D orientation field transform also allows it to be mixed with other enhancement algorithms, and as a preliminary filter to other tasks like segmentation and detection. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with synthetic 3D images and real-world transmission electron microscopy tomograms ranging from 2D curve enhancement to, the more important and interesting, 3D ones. Extensive experiments and comparisons with existing related methods also demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed 3D orientation field transform.
Segmenting large historical notarial manuscripts into multi-page deeds
Authors: Prieto Jose Ramón , Becerra David , Toselli Alejandro Hector , Alonso Carlos , Vidal Enrique 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArchives around the world hold vast digitized series of historical manuscript books or “bundles” containing, among others, notarial records also known as “deeds” or “acts”. One of the first steps to provide metadata which describe the contents of those bundles is to segment them into their individual deeds. Even if deeds are often page-aligned, as in the bundles considered in the present work, this is a time-consuming task, often prohibitive given the huge scale of the manuscript series involved. Unlike traditional Layout Analysis methods for page-level segmentation, our approach goes beyond the realm of a single-page image, providing consistent deed detection results on full bundles. This is achieved in two tightly integrated steps: first, we estimate the class-posterior at the page level for the “initial”, “middle”, and “final” classes; then we “decode” these posteriors applying a series of sequentiality consistency constraints to obtain a consistent book segmentation. Experiments are presented for four large historical manuscripts, varying the number of “deeds” used for training. Two metrics are introduced to assess the quality of book segmentation, one of them taking into account the loss of information entailed by segmentation errors. The problem formalization, the metrics and the empirical work significantly extend our previous works on this topic.
Using a virtual reality interview simulator to explore factors influencing people’s behavior
Authors: Luo Xinyi , Wang Yuyang , Lee Lik-Hang , Xing Zihan , Jin Shan , Dong Boya , Hu Yuanyi , Chen Zeming , Yan Jing , Hui Pan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVirtual reality interview simulator (VRIS) is an effective and valid tool that uses virtual reality technology to train people’s interview skills. Typically, it offers candidates prone to being very nervous during interviews the opportunity to practice interviews in a safe and manageable virtual environment and realistic settings, providing real-time feedback from a virtual interviewer on their performance. It helps interviewees improve their skills, reduce their fears, gain confidence, and minimize the cost and time associated with traditional interview preparation. Yet, the major anxiety-inducing elements remain unknown. During an interview, the anxiety levels, overall experience, and performance of interviewees might be affected by various circumstances. By analyzing electrodermal activity and questionnaire, we investigated the influence of five variables: (I) Realism; (II) Question type; (III) Interviewer attitude; (IV) Timing; and (V) Preparation. As such, an orthogonal design $$L_8(4^1 \times 2^4)$$

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matrix) was implemented, in which 19 college students took part in the experiments. Considering the anxiety, overall experience, and performance of the interviewees, we found that Question type plays a major role; secondly, Realism, Preparation, and Interviewer attitude all have middle influence; lastly, Timing has little to no impact. Specifically, professional interview questions elicited a greater degree of anxiety than personal ones among the categories of interview questions. This work contributes to our understanding of anxiety-stimulating factors during job interviews in virtual reality and provides cues for designing future VRIS.
Vocabulary knowledge as a reliable proxy of cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: a validation study
Authors: Maggi Gianpaolo , Altieri Manuela , Risi Mario , Rippa Valentina , Borgo Riccardo Maria , Sacco Rosaria , Buonanno Daniela , D’Ambrosio Alessandro , Bisecco Alvino , Santangelo Gabriella , Gallo Antonio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The present study aimed to explore the suitability of the vocabulary knowledge (VOC) test as an accurate and reliable proxy of cognitive reserve (CR) by evaluating its psychometric properties and discrimination accuracy compared with other CR measures in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods
Sixty-eight consecutive people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), followed at our MS outpatient clinic, completed a clinical evaluation and neuropsychological assessment including: VOC, Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N), Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq), Beck Depression Inventory-II, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and discrimination accuracy of the VOC were assessed using educational level as reference standard. The possible effects of sociodemographic and clinical factors on VOC and their role in predicting global cognitive status were also explored.

Results
VOC demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.894) and adequate construct validity. It showed an acceptable level of discrimination between pwMS with high and low CR, comparable to the CRIq score. Education strongly affected VOC scores, which in turn were independent of MS features. VOC emerged as an independent predictor of global cognitive status together with MS-related disability.

Conclusion
We demonstrated the validity of VOC as a reliable CR measure in pwMS. Thus, CR may also be estimated using fixed objective measures, independent of brain pathology and clinical features. Early CR estimation may help clinicians identify pwMS at a higher risk of cognitive decline and plan strict neuropsychological monitoring and cognitive interventions.
Effect of RVAD Cannulation Length on Right Ventricular Thrombosis Risk: An In Silico Investigation
Authors: Thum Kar Ying , Liao Sam , Šeman Michael , Khamooshi Mehrdad , Carberry Josie , McGiffin David , Gregory Shaun D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLeft ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been used off-label as long-term support of the right heart due to the lack of a clinically approved durable right VAD (RVAD). Whilst various techniques to reduce RVAD inflow cannula protrusion have been described, the implication of the protrusion length on right heart blood flow and subsequent risk of thrombosis remains poorly understood. This study investigates the influence of RVAD diaphragmatic cannulation length on right ventricular thrombosis risk using a patient-specific right ventricle in silico model validated with particle image velocimetry. Four cannulation lengths (5, 10, 15 and 25 mm) were evaluated in a one-way fluid–structure interaction simulation with boundary conditions generated from a lumped parameter model, simulating a biventricular supported condition. Simulation results demonstrated that the 25-mm cannulation length exhibited a lower thrombosis risk compared to 5-, 10- and 15-mm cannulation lengths due to improved flow energy distribution (25.2%, 24.4% and 17.8% increased), reduced stagnation volume (72%, 68% and 49% reduction), better washout rate (13.0%, 11.6% and 9.1% faster) and lower blood residence time (6% reduction). In the simulated scenario, our findings suggest that a longer RVAD diaphragmatic cannulation length may be beneficial in lowering thrombosis risk; however, further clinical studies are warranted.
Why converging technologies need converging international regulation
Authors: Helbing Dirk , Ienca Marcello 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, gene editing, nanotechnology, neurotechnology and robotics, which were originally unrelated or separated, are becoming more closely integrated. Consequently, the boundaries between the physical-biological and the cyber-digital worlds are no longer well defined. We argue that this technological convergence has fundamental implications for individuals and societies. Conventional domain-specific governance mechanisms have become ineffective. In this paper we provide an overview of the ethical, societal and policy challenges of technological convergence. Particularly, we scrutinize the adequacy of domain-specific governance mechanisms in the face of such integrated technologies and highlight their growing ineffectiveness. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive governance framework that is anticipatory, inclusive, and resilient. Central to this framework is the principle of participatory governance, which calls for a proactive engagement of all stakeholders, including those from marginalized and vulnerable populations, ensuring that their voices and concerns shape the trajectory of technological development. The framework emphasizes the need for protective measures that preemptively address potential risks and inequities that may arise from the adoption and integration of emerging technologies. Based on a detailed analysis of case studies and current governance models, we present and discuss a set of ten actionable recommendations. These are designed to facilitate the transition towards a governance approach that not only respects individual autonomy and privacy, but also fosters a collective responsibility towards sustainable and fair technological progress. By placing human dignity, societal welfare and the protection of the most vulnerable at the center of technological innovation, we advocate for a future where convergence is synonymous with progress that is both ethically grounded and universally beneficial.
Specific Trends in Pediatric Ethical Decision-Making: An 18-Year Review of Ethics Consultation Cases in a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Bosompim Yaa , Aultman Julie , Pope John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This is a qualitative examination of ethics consultation requests, outcomes, and ethics committee recommendations at a tertiary/quaternary pediatric hospital in the U.S. The purpose of this review of consults over an 18-year period is to identify specific trends in the types of ethical dilemmas presented in our pediatric setting, the impact of consultation and committee development on the number and type of consults provided, and any clinical features and/or challenges that emerged and contributed to the nature of ethical situations and dilemmas. Furthermore, in reviewing clinical ethics consultation trends for nearly two decades, we can identify topic areas for further ethics education and training for ethics consultants, ethics committee members, and pediatric healthcare teams and professionals based on our experiences. Our study with nearly two decades of data prior to the COVID-19 pandemic can serve as groundwork for future comparisons of consultation requests and ethics support for pediatric hospitals prior to, during, and following a pandemic.
Medical Home Care and Educational Services for Children and Youth on the Autism Spectrum: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rizk Sabrin , Ngui Emmanuel M. , Salgado Zurisadai , Bosak Dianna L. , Khetani Mary A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This scoping review examined current evidence on medical home care and its association with educational services for children and youth on the autism spectrum. We searched five databases and grey literature resulting in 328 publications. Publications meeting inclusion criteria were mapped to medical home care component(s) addressed, type(s) of educational services and their strength and type of association. The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was used to summarize predisposing, enabling, and need factors considered. Eighteen publications were reviewed, including eight practice/policy reports and ten original research publications. Medical home care components most addressed included family-centered care (n = 10), referrals (n = 16), and effective care coordination (n = 13). Seven publications also addressed multiple educational service types. Two of the five publications that established a significant association between medical home care components and educational services had mixed results, with one publication reporting a negative association and the other publication reporting a positive association. Challenges to medical home care and educational services were most categorized as enabling factors. Results suggest three areas for further investigation: (1) limited evidence on the strength and type of association between medical home care components and educational services; (2) limited use of population data sources; and (3) the need to consider a broader range of factors when examining their association.