bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'action politique des mouvements sociaux
d'aujourd'hui : Le déclin du politique comme
procès de politisation?
Authors: Robert Stéphanie 
Published: March 2007

L'action politique des mouvements sociaux
d'aujourd'hui : Le déclin du politique comme
procès de politisation?, Denis, Serge. Édité par
Guy Laforest,, Coll. Prisme. Québec: Presses de
l'Université Laval, 2005.Le constat d'une fracture du rapport entre
l'électorat et les grands partis politiques n'est plus
à faire. Des analyses sociopolitiques calculent les taux
d'abstention au vote et les expliquent par les
désarticulations entre les aspirations des
électeurs/électrices et les politiques
d'orientation néolibérale adoptées
récemment par les partis au pouvoir (Sommier, Le renouveau des
mouvements contestataires à l'heure de la mondialisation,
2003). On parle de “ désenchantement ”
démocratique (Perrineau, Le désenchantement
démocratique, 2003). Ce contexte incite d'aucuns à
parler de “ dépolitisation ” d'un électorat
qui se tournerait vers les mouvements sociaux afin de trouver une issue
à ce marasme. Est-ce la fin de la politique traditionnelle ou un
nouveau départ?
Courts and Federalism: Judicial Doctrine in the United States,
Australia, and Canada
Authors: Esselment Anna 
Published: March 2007

Courts and Federalism: Judicial Doctrine in the United States,
Australia, and Canada, Gerald Baier, Vancouver and Toronto: UBC
Press, 2006, pp. 207.Is everything old new again? Gerald Baier's insightful book
brings back into the mainstream a long neglected examination of federalism
from the perspective of judicial review. His analysis of the courts'
impact on the development of federalism involves a detailed study of
division of powers jurisprudence in the United States, Australia, and
Canada. In each of these countries, Baier argues, the decisions of the
highest courts continue to affect the shape of federalism, but his central
claim turns on how these decisions are made. For Baier, judicial doctrine
plays a significant role in influencing the reasoning of the courts and
must be considered an independent variable worthy of study in its own
right. Many scholars have debated the significance of doctrine on judicial
decision making. However, Baier takes issue with scholars who, on the one
hand, have characterized doctrine as a tool of objectivity and certainty,
and those, on the other hand, who view doctrine as entirely political in
nature (27). For Baier, doctrine is neither of these but it is
“distinctly legal in character” and it is this legal reasoning
that shapes outcomes (27).
The Courts
Authors: Hirschl Ran 
Published: March 2007

The Courts, Ian Greene, The Canadian Democratic Audit Series;
Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2006, pp. xvii, 182.This book is another welcome addition to the Canadian Democratic Audit
Series. It sets out to assess the democratic credentials of Canada's
judiciary—a most significant branch of government in post-1982
Canada. The book's approach is refreshing in several respects.
Instead of the traditional focus on the well-rehearsed debate over the
questionable democratic credentials of judicial review, the book attempts
to evaluate the adequacy of the Canadian court system in relation to three
basic tenets of democracy: participation, inclusiveness, and
responsiveness. Unlike most accounts of Canadian political institutions,
it pays due attention to elements of the court system beyond the Supreme
Court of Canada. In so doing, Greene is able to assess more accurately
whether the Canadian judiciary as a whole is living up to that set of
reasonable democratic expectations.
The Liberal Conscience: Politics and Principle in a World of
Religious Pluralism
Authors: Mellon James G. 
Published: March 2007

The Liberal Conscience: Politics and Principle in a World of
Religious Pluralism, Lucas Swaine, New York: Columbia University
Press, 2006, pp. xxii, 215.The Liberal Conscience by Lucas Swaine represents a response
from a liberal to those who affirm a theocratic conception of the good.
Swaine distinguishes between logic and rhetoric, between that which should
persuade and that which is likely to persuade. He suggests that a
justification of liberal principles founded on conscience should persuade
honest theocrats and Swaine makes the case that this should matter to both
liberals and theocrats. The liberal, who founds a justification of liberal
principles in conscience and accommodates those whose conscience forces
them to seek exemption from certain conventional norms, in Swaine's
view, is acting in a manner consistent with the authentic spirit of
liberal principles. A liberal democratic state reflecting such a spirit,
Swaine argues, is in a stronger position logically to expect theocrats to
view it as a legitimate political authority. Otherwise, it is
presumptuous, he suggests, for a liberal democratic state to expect the
allegiance of theocrats.
Bienvenue dans le désert du réel
Authors: Lemieux René 
Published: March 2007

Bienvenue dans le désert du réel,, Slavoj
Žižek,, Édition Flammarion, 2005.Le statut de Slavoj Žižek dans les universités
américaines est ambigu. D'une part, sa popularité ne
cesse de grandir – comme le démontrent le succès de
ses livres et l'affluence à ses conférences –
d'autre part, rarement pris au sérieux par ses pairs, il est
relégué à l'univers des cultural
studies. Élève de Jacques-Alain Miller,
Žižek offre une vision originale de la politique où
il mélange psychanalyse, commentaires philosophiques de haute
voltige, anecdotes tirées de l'actualité,
interprétations et réinterprétations de sujets divers
allant du cinéma à la critique d'art, souvent avec un
humour peu caractéristique des milieux universitaires. Après
son Plaidoyer en faveur de l'intolérance
(Éditions Climats, 2004) qui critiquait la fausse tolérance
pratiquée par la société libérale et
multiculturelle, son essai Bienvenue dans le désert du
réel, traduit récemment en français, a
été écrit dans l'urgence après les
attentats du 11 septembre, au lendemain de l'invasion
américaine de l'Afghanistan. Žižek
présente dans ce livre la suite de certaines thèses
qu'il avait déjà évoquées. Il remet non
seulement en question le caractère “
d'événement ” attribué au 11 septembre
– pour lui, rien n'aurait vraiment changé – mais
il revisite l'opposition que les théoriciens politiques
décrivent (et imposent) entre l'Occident et son Autre
islamique : ces deux entités ne sont pas antagonistes, elles
appartiennent au contraire à la même dynamique capitaliste
mondiale et font le jeu de l'immobilisme. L'alternative doit
être pensée en dehors des oppositions. Ce que cherche donc
à faire Žižek, c'est moins d'offrir une
thèse en remplacement de celles qui existent déjà que
de réfuter celles-ci, en montrant l'identité
intrinsèque d'opinions qu'on prétend être
différentes.
Villes, Régions et Universités : Recherches,
Innovations et Territoires
Authors: Champagne Éric 
Published: March 2007

Villes, Régions et Universités : Recherches,
Innovations et Territoires., Sous la direction de Hudon, Raymond et
Jean-Pierre Augustin,, Les Presses de l'Université Laval,
Québec, 2005, 385 p.Ce livre est un compte rendu particulièrement fidèle des
deuxièmes Rencontres Champlain-Montaigne entre la ville de Bordeaux
en France et celle de Québec au Canada, qui se sont tenues en 2002.
Ces rencontres se veulent un forum d'échanges portant sur les
relations entre les universités et les partenaires
socioéconomiques de leurs espaces régionaux respectifs.
Elles ont été établies dans le contexte des relations
bilatérales entre ces deux villes qui prévalent depuis leur
jumelage en 1962. Depuis 2000, un protocole de coopération a
été signé entre l'Université Laval, le
Pôle universitaire de Bordeaux, la ville de Québec, la ville
de Bordeaux, le Conseil régional de concertation et
développement de la région de Québec et le Conseil
régional d'Aquitaine. Les premières Rencontres
Champlain-Montaigne se sont déroulées à Québec
en 2001. Elles avaient déjà pour thème les villes,
les régions et les universités et
s'intéressaient tout particulièrement aux acteurs et
à leurs pratiques. La seconde édition de ces rencontres les
inscrit donc dans la durée et confirme l'intérêt
pour le même sujet. Ces deuxièmes rencontres abordent
toutefois la question du point de vue de la recherche, des innovations et
de la dimension territoriale.
The Power of Greed: Collective Action in International
Development
Authors: Stevenson Michael 
Published: March 2007

The Power of Greed: Collective Action in International
Development, Michael Rosberg, Edmonton: University of Alberta Press,
2005, pp. 299.This book has a title that promises interesting and provocative
content. It is published by the press of one of Canada's major
universities. It is written by a Canadian who, after graduating from a US
university with a fine reputation in development studies, accumulated
years of field experience with development projects in Colombia and
Belize. It is sad, therefore, that this volume supports the adage against
judging a book by its cover.
Temporal bone study of development of the organ of Corti: correlation between auditory function and anatomical structure
Authors: Bibas A G , Xenellis J , Michaels L , Anagnostopoulou S , Ferekidis E , Wright A 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective:To study the development of the organ of Corti in the human cochlea, and to correlate our findings with the onset of auditory function.Material and methods:Step sections of 81 human fetal temporal bones were studied, from eight weeks of gestation to full term.Results:By the end of the 10th week, the tectorial membrane primordium could be traced even in the most apical turns. Individual hair cells became identifiable at the basal turn at 14 weeks. At the same time, a small but well formed oval space was observed between the inner and outer hair cells in the basal turn. This does not correspond to the tunnel of Corti, as is erroneously quoted in the literature, as the individual pillar cells develop at later stages. Between 14 and 15 weeks, Hensen's cells were recognised for the first time. Individual pillar cells were identifiable at 17 weeks and the tunnel of Corti opened at 20 weeks. By 25 weeks, the cochlea had reached its adult size, but continued to develop until full term.Discussion and conclusions:A temporal coincidence of different developmental events is responsible for early fetal audition at 20 weeks, including growth of pillar cells, opening of the tunnel of Corti and regression of Kollicker's organ, with the subsequent formation of the inner spiral sulcus and then separation of the tectorial membrane. The fine structures of the organ of Corti continue to develop well after the 25th week, and this may well alter the mechanical properties of the vibrating parts of the cochlea, which may in turn account for the frequency shift observed in preterm infants. These changes will have to be taken into account in the development of prenatal hearing screening tests.
Endoscopic removal of foreign body from the anterior cranial fossa
Authors: Thomas S , Daudia A , Jones N S 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntracranial foreign bodies are typically removed via a craniotomy, which carries significant peri-operative risks. Nasal endoscopy for removal of intracranial foreign bodies is rare and has been attempted only a few times. Here, we describe a case in which nasal endoscopy was employed to successfully remove an air rifle pellet from the anterior cranial fossa, with subsequent repair of the associated cerebrospinal fistula. We thus advocate nasal endoscopy as an alternate line of management for the removal of foreign bodies from the anterior cranial fossa when possible, due to its significantly lower associated morbidity, provided adequate neurosurgical backup is available if required.
Appropriateness of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Children: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jantchou Prévost , Schirrer Jacques , Bocquet Alain 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) is appropriate in many situations in adults and children. Recommendations for UGIE use in children were published recently by the French‐language Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Nutrition Group (GFHGNP).Patients and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the 293 UGIE procedures undertaken in 251 children between January 1, 2001 and June 30, 2003 by 2 senior endoscopists. The UGIE procedures were categorized as appropriate or inappropriate based on GFHGNP recommendations, and diagnostic efficiency was compared in the 2 groups with the χ2 test followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:Of the 293 UGIE procedures, 52 (17.7%) were considered inappropriate. Diagnostic efficiency was 51% in the appropriate group versus 17.3% in the inappropriate group (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 2–8.7; P < 10−3). The proportion of appropriate UGIE procedures was higher among inpatients than outpatients (odds ratio, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.24–5.08; P = 0.01). Inappropriate reasons for performing UGIE included isolated failure to thrive and follow‐up after neonatal esophagogastroduodenitis. Nine inappropriate UGIE procedures contributed useful information: ulcerative esophagitis in 1 patient, hemorrhagic esophagitis in 4 patients, duodenitis in 1 patient, and malabsorption in 3 patients caused in 1 case by cow's milk allergy and in 2 cases to fully documented celiac disease.Conclusions:UGIE was usually performed appropriately in our pediatric hospital. Inappropriate UGIE procedures were more common in outpatients than in admitted patients. Awareness of the recommendations for appropriate UGIE use needs to be improved among office‐based and hospital‐based physicians.
Long‐term Treatment With Autologous Red Blood Cells Loaded With Dexamethasone 21–Phosphate in Pediatric Patients Affected by Steroid‐dependent Crohn Disease
Authors: Castro M , Rossi L , Papadatou B , Bracci F , Knafelz D , Ambrosini MI , Calce A , Serafini S , Isacchi G , D'Orio F , Mambrini G , Magnani M 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) present in childhood in 15% to 25% of cases. The aim of therapy in children is not only to guarantee normal growth but also to prevent relapse and to maintain remission. Steroids are effective to induce remission; however, resistance, dependency, and irreversible side effects can develop. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with repeated infusions of autologous red blood cells (RBCs) loaded with dexamethasone 21‐phosphate (Dex 21‐P) is safe and allows maintenance of long‐term remission in children with steroid‐dependent Crohn disease (CD).Patients and Methods:Eighteen consecutive pediatric patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the study. Infusions of autologous RBCs loaded with Dex 21‐P were performed every 4 weeks; the mean duration of treatment was 24 months. At the beginning of treatment and after 6, 12, and 24 months, we performed clinical evaluation according to the Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index (pCDAI). Assessment of body mass indexamethasone and bone mineral density by means of computerized bone mineralometry‐dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry, endoscopic evaluation, and hematic morning cortisol determination were also performed.Results:During treatment, the mean pCDAI significantly decreased (P < 0.05); 78% of patients discontinued steroids. Determination of morning cortisol showed suppression only on the first day after infusion, followed by normalization of values. Endoscopic findings showed remission in 44% of patients. None of the patients experienced serious side effects.Conclusions:These data suggest that repeated infusions of RBCs loaded with Dex 21‐P can be safe and useful to maintain long‐term remission in pediatric patients with moderately active CD.
Reversal of Liver Cirrhosis: A Desirable Clinical Outcome and Its Pathogenic Background
Authors: Bortolotti Flavia , Guido Maria 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTCirrhosis is the final stage of chronic liver damage of various etiologies. It used to be considered an irreversible lesion, but enormous advances in our understanding of hepatic cellular and molecular biology in the past 2 decades have challenged this view. There is now substantial evidence that cirrhosis can be a reversible process. This concept is supported by an increasing number of clinical reports showing the disappearance of cirrhotic lesions from liver biopsies taken from patients cured of their liver disease. The reversal of cirrhosis usually occurs in patients with short‐lived liver disease, after the successful treatment of the underlying liver damage. Recently, however, we observed the spontaneous reversal of cirrhosis after the loss of hepatitis B viremia in 2 men, 21 and 28 years old, who had developed cirrhosis as young children. Several questions and controversial issues concerning the definition of advanced cirrhosis, the limitations of liver biopsy (eg, sampling, interpretation error), and the applicability of noninvasive methods to the assessment of fibrosis, are being addressed. Future prospects include the possibility of antifibrotic therapy to prevent fibrosis or favor its degradation.
Community‐based Case‐Control Study of Childhood Chronic Abdominal Pain: Role of Selected Laboratory Investigations
Authors: Soon Gordon S , Saunders Norman , Ipp Moshe , Sherman Philip M , Macarthur Colin 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTObjective:To compare laboratory investigation results in children with chronic abdominal pain and in healthy control children. Our hypothesis was that parasitic infection was not a causal factor for chronic abdominal pain and that there would be no difference in leukocyte count, hemoglobin level, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) between the 2 groups.Patients and Methods:Children with chronic abdominal pain and healthy control children (5–15 years) were recruited from the practices of 6 primary care pediatricians in Toronto, Canada. Stool samples were analyzed for ova and parasites, and serum samples were used to estimate leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and ESR. A standardized questionnaire was used to gather social, demographic, and clinical information.Results:A total of 157/200 children (79%) provided samples. Children with chronic abdominal pain were more likely to be female than were control children. Stool samples were positive for parasitic infection in 15 children, with no difference in prevalence between children with chronic abdominal pain (6/87; 7%) and healthy control children (9/70; 13%); P = 0.28). The mean (standard deviation) leukocyte count in children with chronic abdominal pain was 7.4 × 109/L (2.03), compared with 8.3 × 109/L (1.82) in healthy control children. No child had a leukocyte count above 20 × 109/L. The mean (SD) hemoglobin in children with chronic abdominal pain was 131 g/L (8.4), compared with 130 g/L (9.2) in healthy control children. Last, the median ESR in children with chronic abdominal pain was 5 mm/hour, compared with 3 mm/hour in control children.Conclusions:The study findings suggest that in the absence of alarming symptoms and signs, parasitic infection is not a causal factor for chronic abdominal pain and that routine screening tests (leukocyte count, hemoglobin, ESR) are not useful.
Prenatal Molecular Diagnosis of Inherited Cholestatic Diseases
Authors: Jung Camille , Driancourt Catherine , Baussan Christiane , Zater Mokhtar , Hadchouel Michelle , Meunier‐Rotival Michèle , Guiochon‐Mantel Anne , Jacquemin Emmanuel 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTObjectives:Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) and to a lesser extent, Alagille syndrome, often lead to end‐stage liver disease during childhood. We report our experience of DNA‐based prenatal diagnosis of PFIC1–3 and Alagille syndrome.Patients and Methods:Four molecular antenatal diagnoses were performed in 3 PFIC families and 17 in 11 Alagille syndrome families. DNA was isolated from chorionic villus or cultured amniocyte samples from women, without pregnancy complications.Results:All four foetuses with a family history of PFIC1, 2, or 3 were heterozygous for an ATP8B1, ABCB11, or ABCB4 mutation and pregnancies were continued. Three of the infants were healthy after birth, and 1 premature infant, who had an ABCB4 mutation, experienced transient neonatal cholestasis. Among the families with a history of de novo JAG1 mutation, none of the foetuses was mutated, versus 40% of those with a history of familial mutation. Of 4 pregnant women with a JAG1‐mutated foetus, 3 cut short their pregnancy and 1 gave birth to a child with overt Alagille syndrome.Conclusions:Molecular antenatal diagnosis of PFIC1–3 and Alagille syndrome is reliable because clinical outcome after birth corresponded to molecular foetal data.
Combined ecological niche modelling and molecular phylogeography revealed the evolutionary history of Hordeum marinum (Poaceae) — niche differentiation, loss of genetic diversity, and speciation in Mediterranean Quaternary refugia
Authors: JAKOB SABINE S. , IHLOW ALEXANDER , BLATTNER FRANK R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Hordeum marinum species group consists of two annual grasses of western Eurasian saline meadows or marshes. The two grasses split in the Quaternary about two million years ago. Hordeum marinum and the diploid of Hordeum gussoneanum (2×) co‐occur throughout the Mediterranean basin, while the autotetraploid cytotype of H. gussoneanum (4×) overlaps with its diploid progenitor geographically only in the utmost Eastern Mediterranean, extending from there eastwards into Asia. Using chloroplast sequences of the trnL‐F region, six newly developed chloroplast microsatellite loci, ecological predictive models based on climate data, and the present geographical distribution of the two species we analysed differentiation processes in the H. marinum group. The chloroplast data indicated clear differences in the history of both species. For H. marinum we found a subdivision between genetically variable populations from the Iberian Peninsula and the more uniform populations from the remaining Mediterranean. As an explanation, we assume Pleistocene fragmentation of an earlier widespread population and survival in an Iberian and a Central Mediterranean glacial refuge. Chloroplast variation was completely absent within the cytotypes of H. gussoneanum, indicating a severe and recent genetic bottleneck. Due to this lack of chloroplast variation only the combination of ecological habitat modelling with molecular data analyses allowed conclusions about the history of this taxon. The distribution areas of the two cytotypes of H. gussoneanum overlap today in parts of Turkey, indicating an area with similar climate conditions during polyploid formation. However, after its origin the polyploid cytotype underwent a pronounced ecological shift, compared to its diploid progenitor, allowing it to colonize mountainous inland habitats between the Mediterranean basin and Afghanistan. The extant sympatric occurrence of H. marinum and H. gussoneanum 2× in the Mediterranean region is interpreted as a result of secondary contact after fast Holocene range expansion out of different ice age refugia.