bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary history and environmental variability structure contemporary tropical vertebrate communities
Authors: Hsieh Chia , Gorczynski Daniel , Bitariho Robert , Espinosa Santiago , Johnson Steig , Lima Marcela Guimarães Moreira , Rovero Francesco , Salvador Julia , Santos Fernanda , Sheil Douglas , Beaudrot Lydia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTropical regions harbour over half of the world's mammals and birds, but how their communities have assembled over evolutionary timescales remains unclear. To compare eco‐evolutionary assembly processes between tropical mammals and birds, we tested how hypotheses concerning niche conservatism, environmental stability, environmental heterogeneity and time‐for‐speciation relate to tropical vertebrate community phylogenetic and functional structure.LocationTropical rainforests worldwide.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedGround‐dwelling and ground‐visiting mammals and birds.MethodsWe used in situ observations of species identified from systematic camera trap sampling as realized communities from 15 protected tropical rainforests in four tropical regions worldwide. We quantified standardized phylogenetic and functional structure for each community and estimated the multi‐trait phylogenetic signal (PS) in ecological strategies for the four regional species pools of mammals and birds. Using linear regression models, we test three non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses by comparing the relative importance of colonization time, palaeo‐environmental changes in temperature and land cover since 3.3 Mya, contemporary seasonality in temperature and productivity and environmental heterogeneity for predicting community phylogenetic and functional structure.ResultsPhylogenetic and functional structure showed non‐significant yet varying tendencies towards clustering or dispersion in all communities. Mammals had stronger multi‐trait PS in ecological strategies than birds (mean PS: mammal = 0.62, bird = 0.43). Distinct dominant processes were identified for mammal and bird communities. For mammals, colonization time and elevation range significantly predicted phylogenetic clustering and functional dispersion tendencies respectively. For birds, elevation range and contemporary temperature seasonality significantly predicted phylogenetic and functional clustering tendencies, respectively, while habitat diversity significantly predicted functional dispersion tendencies.Main conclusionsOur results reveal different eco‐evolutionary assembly processes structuring contemporary tropical mammal and bird communities over evolutionary timescales that have shaped tropical diversity. Our study identified marked differences among taxonomic groups in the relative importance of historical colonization and sensitivity to environmental change.
Root‐zone enrichment of soil organic carbon and nitrogen under grazing and other land uses in a humid‐temperate region
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGrazing lands can be considered a conservation land use providing value to farmers and society. An underappreciated value of these lands may be in C and N storage and cycling. However, soil organic C (SOC) and total soil N (TSN) storage under humid‐temperate zone pastures have not been well characterized. A survey of 31 farms in Virginia USA characterized SOC and TSN depth distributions under a diversity of grassland management scenarios, as well as in comparison with long‐term no‐till cropland and woodland uses on the same farms. Root‐zone enrichment calculations separated management‐controlled SOC and TSN stocks from a baseline condition characterized at 30‐cm depth. Total stock of SOC at 0–30‐cm depth varied from 46 to 88 Mg C ha−1 (5%–95% range from 304 soil profiles) across all land uses. Root‐zone enrichment of SOC was maximized under mature pastures (≥20 years old) at 38.3 ± 1.6 Mg C ha−1, which was not different from that under woodland (39.8 ± 1.2 Mg C ha−1), but was greater than under no‐till cropland (28.3 ± 1.3 Mg C ha−1) and conventional‐till cropland (15.1 ± 5.1 Mg C ha−1). Root‐zone enrichment of TSN was optimized at stocking rate of ~1 Mg live weight ha−1, but was not affected by stocking method, N fertilization history, or low levels of hay feeding. These results suggest that grazed pastures in Virginia are storing significant amounts of SOC and TSN, with at least half due to management‐induced compared with pedogenic‐controlled accumulation.
Assessment of weight gain in adult patients living with HIV receiving first‐line dolutegravir‐based or efavirenz‐based ART regimens in routine care clinics in Tshwane district, South Africa: An observational study
Authors: Sawry Shobna , Ayalew Kassahun , Maimela Gloria , Briggs‐Hagen Melissa , van Wyk‐Heath Marelize , Mthethwa Simangele , Shai Sannie , Mngomezulu Nkululeko N. , Tlhowe Lawrence , Achere‐Darko Josephine , Bedford Jason , Martin Catherine E. , Fairlie Lee , Imrie John 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlthough dolutegravir (DTG) is deemed stable, safe, cost‐effective, and clinically beneficial, it also carries the risk of side effects, including observed weight gain among patients on DTG‐based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. We compared weight changes among adults (≥18 years) initiating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and efavirenz (TEE) regimens and those switching from TEE to TLD (TEE‐to‐TLD switchers) in three large primary care facilities in South AfricaMethodsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal record review using patient medical records, extracting relevant demographic and clinical data from October 2018 to June 2021 from randomly selected adults who initiated TLD or TEE (initiators) and adult TEE‐to‐TLD switchers. We assessed weight, body mass index (BMI), and percentage weight changes for both groups and fitted linear regression and generalized linear models to determine factors associated with weight and BMI change and percentage weight change ≥10%, respectively, among treatment initiators. We fitted linear mixed‐effect models among TEE‐to‐TLD switchers to consider repeated measures.ResultsOf 860 initiators, 450 (52.3%) initiated on TEE and 410 (47.7%) on TLD, with median follow‐up of 1.4 years and 1.0 year, respectively. At initiation, 43.3% on TEE and 40.8% on TLD were overweight or obese. TLD initiators had an adjusted higher mean weight gain of 1.6 kg (p < 0.001) and mean BMI gain of 0.51 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) than TEE initiators. Independent risk factors for higher mean weight and BMI included age ≥50 years, male, on ART for >12 months, initial BMI of <18.5 kg/m2, and CD4 counts <200 cells/μL.Of 298 TEE‐to‐TLD switchers, 36.6% were overweight or obese at TEE initiation. Comparing before and after TLD switch, TEE‐to‐TLD switchers had an adjusted mean weight of 1.2 kg less while on TLD (p = 0.026). Being overweight and CD4 counts >350 cells/μL were independent risk factors for lower weight gain after TLD switch.ConclusionsWe report more weight gain among TLD than among TEE initiators, although to a lesser extent than previously reported. TEE‐to‐TLD switchers experienced less weight gain after TLD switch; return to health before receiving TLD may be a contributory factor. The current findings are reassuring for those switching to a DTG‐based regimen
A comprehensive study of dielectric, modulus, impedance, and conductivity of SrCeO3 synthesized by the combustion method
Authors: Verma Harish , Tripathi Arpita , Upadhyay Shail 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, perovskite oxide SrCeO3 was synthesized using the solution combustion method (SCM). Synthesized samples have been characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, ultra violet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The XRD and Rietveld refinement has confirmed the orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. The average grain size of this ceramic sample is 1.2 µm. The dielectric constant, dissipation factor, modulus, impedance, and alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) conductivities were analyzed in the temperature range RT to 600°C and frequency range 20 Hz–2 MHz. Further, it was observed that the role of grain boundaries in dielectric and electrical properties is significant, at low temperatures. The origin of the dielectric relaxation and conduction process is the same. The activation energy for DC conduction (Edc) was found to be .79 eV. Electrical conduction/relaxation is assigned to the diffusion of doubly ionized oxygen (Vo··). The value of DC conductivity (1.2 × 10−3 Ω−1 cm−1 at 600°C) and activation energy of .79 eV is very close to the values reported for doped CeO2‐based oxide ion conductors for SOFCs. This study has demonstrated that SrCeO3 can be an alternative candidate for the oxide ion conductor electrolyte application and the potential to be used as a thermally stable capacitor application for microwave dielectric applications.
The efficacy of nursing interventions in preventing surgical site infections in patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease
Authors: He Ping , Hai Yue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs) pose significant risks to patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD), impacting recovery and increasing healthcare burdens. This study assesses the efficacy of targeted nursing interventions in reducing SSIs and enhancing wound healing in this vulnerable patient group. A prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2022 to August 2023 at a single institution, involving 120 paediatric patients divided into control (standard postoperative care) and observation (specialized nursing interventions) groups. Nursing interventions included preoperative disinfection, strategic use of antibiotics, rigorous aseptic techniques and comprehensive postoperative care. Inclusion criteria encompassed a broad spectrum of CHD patients, while exclusion criteria aimed to minimize confounders. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study protocols. Baseline characteristics were comparable across groups, ensuring homogeneity. The observation group exhibited significantly lower SSI rates (1.7%) compared to the control group (11.6%), with a notable increase in optimal wound healing (Grade A) outcomes (73.3% vs. 30%). The differences in healing efficacy and infection rates between the two groups were statistically significant, emphasizing the effectiveness of the targeted nursing interventions in enhancing postoperative recovery for paediatric patients undergoing CHD surgery. The study demonstrates that targeted nursing interventions can significantly reduce SSI rates and improve wound healing in paediatric CHD surgery patients. These results underscore the importance of specialized nursing care in postoperative management. Future research, including larger‐scale clinical trials, is necessary to validate these findings and develop comprehensive nursing care guidelines for this population.
The correlation between domestic violence awareness and attitudes toward child marriage: The case of Turkey
Authors: Gülbetekin Eda , Yildirim Sait 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProblemThe aim of this study is to determine the correlation between domestic violence awareness and attitudes toward child marriages among individuals living in Iğdır city.MethodThe correlational survey model was used in the study. The sample consisted of 814 adult individuals who lived in Iğdır city, did not have any health problem, and volunteered to participate in the study between September 2022 and January 2023. Personal Information Form, Domestic Violence Awareness Scale, and Attitude Toward Child(Girls) Marriages Scale were used to collect data. Data were obtained through online environment and face‐to‐face interview.FindingsIt was found that 59.5% of the sample group were female and 27% were aged between 18 and 24 years. 61.9% of the participants were married and 88.1% were married when they were over the age of 18. In addition, 51.9% were university graduates while 50.9% of them stated that they had witnessed domestic violence. The results of the study revealed that while the variables of gender, age, marital status, education level, and place of residence affected the attitudes toward child marriages, the variables of gender, age, age at marriage, education level, place of residence and witnessing domestic violence affected domestic violence awareness. Furthermore, when examining the scales used, it was concluded that the attitude toward child marriages affected the awareness of domestic violence.ConclusionSince domestic violence and child marriages are very common, it is recommended to conduct further studies on these issues and to identify support systems that will increase the awareness of the society on these issues.
Exosomal circSTRBP from cancer cells facilitates gastric cancer progression via regulating miR‐1294/miR‐593‐3p/E2F2 axis
Authors: Wang Yin , Zou Rong , Li Deke , Gao Xiankui , Lu Xingjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCircRNAs represent a new class of non‐coding RNAs which show aberrant expression in diverse cancers, such as gastric cancer (GC). circSTRBP, for instance, is suggested to be overexpressed in GC cells and tissues. However, the biological role of circSTRBP in the progression of GC and the potential mechanisms have not been investigated. circSTRBP levels within GC cells and tissues were measured by RT‐qPCR. The stability of circSTRBP was assessed by actinomycin D and Ribonuclease R treatment. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and in vitro angiogenic abilities after circSTRBP knockdown were analysed through CCK‐8 assay, transwell culture system and the tube formation assay. The interaction of circSTRBP with the predicted target microRNA (miRNA) was examined by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Xenograft tumour model was established to evaluate the role of exosomal circSTRBP in the tumour formation of GC cells. circSTRBP was upregulated in GC cells and tissues, and there was an increased level of circSTRBP in GC‐derived exosomes. circSTRBP in the exosomes enhanced GC cell growth and migration in vitro, which modulates E2F Transcription Factor 2 (E2F2) expression through targeting miR‐1294 and miR‐593‐3p. Additionally, exosomal circSTRBP promoted the tumour growth of GC cells in the xenograft model. Exosomal circSTRBP is implicated in the progression of GC by modulating the activity of miR‐1294/miR‐593‐3p/E2F2 axis.
MAOB expression correlates with a favourable prognosis in prostate cancer, and its genetic variants are associated with the metastasis of the disease
Authors: Huang Hsiang‐Ching , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Hsiao Chi‐Hao , Lin Chia‐Yen , Wang Shian‐Shiang , Ho Kuo‐Hao , Chang Lun‐Ching , Huang Huei‐Mei , Yang Shun‐Fa , Chien Ming‐Hsien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMonoamine oxidase B (MAOB), a neurotransmitter‐degrading enzyme, was reported to reveal conflicting roles in various cancers. However, the functional role of MAOB and impacts of its genetic variants on prostate cancer (PCa) is unknown. Herein, we genotyped four loci of MAOB single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs1799836 (A/G), rs3027452 (G/A), rs6651806 (A/C) and rs6324 (G/A) in 702 PCa Taiwanese patients. We discovered that PCa patients carrying the MAOB rs6324 A‐allele exhibited an increased risk of having a high initial prostate‐specific antigen (iPSA) level (>10 ng/mL). Additionally, patients with the rs3027452 A‐allele had a higher risk of developing distal metastasis, particularly in the subpopulation with high iPSA levels. In a subpopulation without postoperative biochemical recurrence, patients carrying the rs1799836 G‐allele had a higher risk of developing lymph node metastasis and recurrence compared to those carrying the A‐allele. Furthermore, genotype screening in PCa cell lines revealed that cells carrying the rs1799836 G‐allele expressed lower MAOB levels than those carrying the A‐allele. Functionally, overexpression and knockdown of MAOB in PCa cells respectively suppressed and enhanced cell motility and proliferation. In clinical observations, correlations of lower MAOB expression levels with higher Gleason scores, advanced clinical T stages, tumour metastasis, and poorer prognosis in PCa patients were noted. Our findings suggest that MAOB may act as a suppressor of PCa progression, and the rs3027452 and rs1799836 genetic variants of MAOB are linked to PCa metastasis within the Taiwanese population.
Depression and anxiety among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Longitudinal results over 2 years from the multicentre VOICE–EgePan study
Authors: Grasmann Lenja , Morawa Eva , Adler Werner , Schug Caterina , Borho Andrea , Geiser Franziska , Beschoner Petra , Jerg‐Bretzke Lucia , Albus Christian , Weidner Kerstin , Mogwitz Sabine , Baranowski Andreas M. , Erim Yesim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo examine symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety among nurses over 2 years during the pandemic and compare them to the general population.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in mental stress among the population worldwide. Nursing staff have been identified as being under remarkable strain.DesignA multicentre prospective longitudinal study.MethodsSymptoms of depression and generalised anxiety in 507 nurses were examined at four different time points (T1: April–July 2020, T2: November 2020–January 2021, T3: May–July 2021, T4: February–May 2022). Results were compared with values of the German general population, presence of gender‐specific differences was analysed and frequencies of clinically relevant levels of depression and anxiety were determined.ResultsThroughout the study (T1–T4), a significant increase in depressive and anxiety symptoms was observed. At all four measurement time points, nurses showed significantly higher prevalence for depression and anxiety compared to the German general population. No significant gender differences were found. Frequencies for probable depression and generalised anxiety disorder among nurses were: 21.6% and 18.5% (T1), 31.4% and 29.2% (T2), 29.5% and 26.2% (T3), 33.7% and 26.4% (T4).ConclusionDuring the pandemic, symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety among nurses increased significantly and remained elevated. Their symptom levels were permanently higher than in the general population. These findings strongly suggest that the circumstances of the pandemic severely affected nurses´ mental health.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused a great mental strain on caregivers. This study was able to demonstrate the significant increase in depression and anxiety among nurses during the pandemic. It highlights the urgent need for prevention, screening and support systems in hospitals.Implications for the ProfessionSupportive programmes and preventive services should be developed, not least to prevent the growing shortage of nurses in the health care systems.Reporting MethodThe study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines. The STROBE checklist for cohort study was used as the reporting method.Patient ContributionFive hundred and seven nurses completed the questionnaire and provided data for analysis.Trial and Protocol RegistrationThe study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (https://drks.de/search/en) under the following ID: DRKS00021268.
The effectiveness of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions for cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Sitao , Song Huali , Liu Qian , Zhao Mingzhu , Bai Xuechun , Ding Yiwen , Chen Li , Yin Huiru 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo determine the effectiveness of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions in alleviating psychological distress in cancer patients.BackgroundCancer patients suffer tremendous psycho‐spiritual pain, which affects their quality of life. Brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions have demonstrated positive effects on the mental health of cancer patients; however, the efficacy of these interventions has been inconsistent.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsThis review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 checklist provided by the EQUATOR network. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases were systematically searched from inception to 27 November 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English.ResultsTwenty studies involving 1744 cancer participants were included. The meta‐analysis showed statistically significant effects of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions on hope, anxiety and depression at post‐intervention. A separate analysis revealed that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions had a sustainable effect on hope, spiritual well‐being, anxiety and depression at 1 month after the intervention. However, no statistically significant effect on quality of life was found in our study either immediately after the intervention or at 1 month.ConclusionsBrief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions can significantly reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms and improve hope and spiritual well‐being in cancer patients.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study further supports that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions should be incorporated into the routine care of cancer patients to address their psychosocial distress.Patient or Public ContributionAll authors of this article contributed to the study conception and design. All authors of the included studies provided original data for this paper.
Effect of different framework materials on stresses induced in distal extension removable partial dentures: A strain gauge analysis
Authors: Fahmy Maha Mahmoud , Al‐Afandy Mahmoud Hassan , Mohamed Hebatallah Tarek , Abdelfattah Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeEvaluation of the strain transmitted to the abutments and residual ridge by polyetherketoneketone material compared to the cobalt‐chromium one in distal extension removable partial dentures (RPDs) to fulfill the objective of preservation of the supporting structures.Materials and MethodsA virtual model simulating a Kennedy class I partially edentulous mandibular arch was designed. Two models, one for each group, were printed. Five RPDs were made in each group. In group CR, the framework was milled from a cobalt‐chromium alloy. While in group PK, it was milled from a polyetherketoneketone blank. Strain gauge rosettes were bonded distal to the last abutment and posteriorly in the distal end of the residual ridge. Unilateral vertical and oblique loadings were applied. Mann‐Whitney U test was used for inter‐group comparisons while the Friedman test was used for intra‐group comparisons and corrected by Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Sum. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsDuring unilateral vertical load application, a statistically significant difference was found between both groups distal to the abutment in the loaded and unloaded sides as well as the residual ridge on the unloaded side. During oblique load application, a statistically significant difference was found between both groups in all slots.ConclusionPolyetherketoneketone material induces less stress on the abutments and more stress on the residual ridges compared to the cobalt‐chromium ones. Therefore, it may be recommended for weak abutments supporting RPDs.