bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated Analysis of Comparative Toxicity of Proton and Photon Radiation for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yu James B. , DeStephano David M. , Jeffers Brian , Horowitz David P. , Soulos Pamela R. , Gross Cary P. , Cheng Simon K. 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE Previous comparative effectiveness studies have not demonstrated a benefit of proton beam therapy (PBT) compared with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer. An updated comparison of GI and genitourinary (GU) toxicity is needed. METHODS We investigated the SEER-Medicare linked database, identifying patients with localized prostate cancer diagnosed from 2010 to 2017. Procedure and diagnosis codes indicative of treatment-related toxicity were identified. As a sensitivity analysis, we also identified toxicity based only on procedure codes. Patients who underwent IMRT and PBT were matched 2:1 on the basis of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. We then compared GI and GU toxicity at 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. RESULTS The final sample included 772 PBT patients matched to 1,544 IMRT patients. The frequency of GI toxicity for IMRT versus PBT was 3.5% versus 2.5% at 6 months ( P = .18), 9.5% versus 10.2% at 12 months ( P = .18), and 20.5% versus 23.4% at 24 months ( P = .11). The frequency of only procedure codes indicative of GI toxicity for IMRT versus PBT was too low to be reported and not significantly different. The frequency of GU toxicity for IMRT versus PBT was 6.8% versus 5.7% ( P = .30), 14.3% versus 12.2% ( P = .13), and 28.2% versus 25.8% ( P = .21) at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. When looking only at procedure codes, the frequency of GU toxicity for IMRT was 1.0% at 6 months, whereas it was too infrequent to report for PBT ( P = .64). GU toxicity for IMRT versus PBT was 3.3% versus 2.1% ( P = .10), and 8.7% versus 6.7% ( P = .10) at 12 and 24 months, respectively. CONCLUSION In this observational study, there were no statistically significant differences between PBT and IMRT in terms of GI or GU toxicity.
Stress in the metastatic journey – the role of cell communication and clustering in breast cancer progression and treatment resistance
Authors: Grasset Eloïse M. , Barillé-Nion Sophie , Juin Philippe P. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent malignancy afflicting women. Despite significant advancements in its diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer metastasis continues to be a leading cause of mortality among women. To metastasize, cancer cells face numerous challenges: breaking away from the primary tumor, surviving in the circulation, establishing in a distant location, evading immune detection and, finally, thriving to initiate a new tumor. Each of these sequential steps requires cancer cells to adapt to a myriad of stressors and develop survival mechanisms. In addition, most patients with breast cancer undergo surgical removal of their primary tumor and have various therapeutic interventions designed to eradicate cancer cells. Despite this plethora of attacks and stresses, certain cancer cells not only manage to persist but also proliferate robustly, giving rise to substantial tumors that frequently culminate in the patient's demise. To enhance patient outcomes, there is an imperative need for a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that empower cancer cells to not only survive but also expand. Herein, we delve into the intrinsic stresses that cancer cells encounter throughout the metastatic journey and the additional stresses induced by therapeutic interventions. We focus on elucidating the remarkable strategies adopted by cancer cells, such as cell–cell clustering and intricate cell–cell communication mechanisms, to ensure their survival.
MADD regulates natural killer cell degranulation through Rab27a activation
Authors: Medlyn Michael J. , Maeder Easton , Bradley Claire , Phatarpekar Prasad , Ham Hyoungjun , Billadeau Daniel D. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Natural killer (NK) cells have the ability to lyse other cells through the release of lytic granules (LGs). This is in part mediated by the small GTPase Rab27a, which was first identified to play a crucial role in degranulation through the study of individuals harboring mutations in the gene encoding Rab27a. However, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) regulating the activation of Rab27a in cytotoxic lymphocytes was unknown. Here, we show that knockout of MADD significantly decreased the levels of GTP-bound Rab27a in both resting and stimulated NK cells, and MADD-deficient NK cells and CD8+ T cells displayed severely reduced degranulation and cytolytic ability, similar to that seen with Rab27a deficiency. Although MADD colocalized with Rab27a on LGs and was enriched at the cytolytic synapse, the loss of MADD did not impact Rab27a association with LGs nor their recruitment to the cytolytic synapse. Together, our results demonstrate an important role for MADD in cytotoxic lymphocyte killing.
Bumblebees compensate for the adverse effects of sidewind during visually guided landings
Authors: Goyal Pulkit , van Leeuwen Johan L. , Muijres Florian T. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Flying animals often encounter winds during visually guided landings. However, how winds affect their flight control strategy during landing is unknown. Here, we investigated how sidewind affects the landing performance and sensorimotor control of foraging bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). We trained bumblebees to forage in a wind tunnel, and used high-speed stereoscopic videography to record 19,421 landing maneuvers in six sidewind speeds (0 to 3.4 m s−1), which correspond to winds encountered in nature. Bumblebees landed less often in higher windspeeds, but the landing durations from free flight were not increased by wind. By testing how bumblebees adjusted their landing control to compensate for adverse effects of sidewind on landing, we showed that the landing strategy in sidewind resembled that in still air, but with important adaptations. Bumblebees landing in a sidewind tended to drift downwind, which they controlled for by performing more hover maneuvers. Surprisingly, the increased hover prevalence did not increase the duration of free-flight landing maneuvers, as these bumblebees flew faster towards the landing platform outside the hover phases. Hence, by alternating these two flight modes along their flight path, free-flying bumblebees negated the adverse effects of high windspeeds on landing duration. Using control theory, we hypothesize that bumblebees achieve this by integrating a combination of direct aerodynamic feedback and a wind-mediated mechanosensory feedback control, with their vision-based sensorimotor control loop. The revealed landing strategy may be commonly used by insects landing in windy conditions, and may inspire the development of landing control strategies onboard autonomously flying robots.
Spatiotemporal modulation of a common set of muscle synergies during unpredictable and predictable gait perturbations in older adults
Authors: Brüll Leon , Santuz Alessandro , Mersmann Falk , Bohm Sebastian , Schwenk Michael , Arampatzis Adamantios 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Muscle synergies as functional low-dimensional building blocks of the neuromotor system regulate the activation patterns of muscle groups in a modular structure during locomotion. The purpose of the current study was to explore how older adults organize locomotor muscle synergies to counteract unpredictable and predictable gait perturbations during the perturbed steps and the recovery steps. Sixty-three healthy older adults (71.2±5.2 years) participated in the study. Mediolateral and anteroposterior unpredictable and predictable perturbations during walking were introduced using a treadmill. Muscle synergies were extracted from the electromyographic activity of 13 lower limb muscles using Gaussian non-negative matrix factorization. The four basic synergies responsible for unperturbed walking (weight acceptance, propulsion, early swing and late swing) were preserved in all applied gait perturbations, yet their temporal recruitment and muscle contribution in each synergy were modified (P&lt;0.05). These modifications were observed for up to four recovery steps and were more pronounced (P&lt;0.05) following unpredictable perturbations. The recruitment of the four basic walking synergies in the perturbed and recovery gait cycles indicates a robust neuromotor control of locomotion by using activation patterns of a few and well-known muscle synergies with specific adjustments within the synergies. The selection of pre-existing muscle synergies while adjusting the time of their recruitment during challenging locomotor conditions may improve the effectiveness to deal with perturbations and promote the transfer of adaptation between different kinds of perturbations.
Management Practices and Resilience to Shocks: Evidence from COVID-19
Authors: Lamorgese Andrea , Patnaik Megha , Linarello Andrea , Schivardi Fabiano 
Published: March 2024

We use the spread of COVID-19 in Italy, the first Western country hit by the pandemic, to investigate the role of structured management practices in responding to a large shock. We exploit a survey eliciting expected sales growth for 2020 to set up a difference-in-difference analysis with repeated cross sections, leveraging the fact that the data collection began prior to the pandemic and continued throughout its spread. We find a sizable effect of such practices on firm performance: a one-standard-deviation increase in the management score increases expected sales growth by 2.3%, against an average drop of 8.3%. Results are confirmed with actual sales growth. Firms with more structured practices were more likely to implement a comprehensive set of changes, including a more intense use of remote work. This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy. Funding: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [Grant agreement 835201]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01341 .
Effects of e-cigarette smoking on periodontal health: A scoping review
Authors: Charde Priti , Ali Kamran , Hamdan Nader 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
Use of electronic cigarettes (ECs), also known as vaping, has gained remarkable popularity globally during the last decade especially among young people. Current evidence suggests that vaping may be associated with health risks. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether vaping increases the risk for initiation and progression of periodontal disease; and to appraise the clinical changes seen in patients using e-cigarettes, and how these changes impact the management of periodontal disease.

Study selection, data and sources
A comprehensive electronic search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases using the following search terms: Electronic Cigarettes OR vaping OR electronic nicotine delivery systems OR e-cigarettes AND Periodontitis. The search was limited to studies published from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2022.

Results
A total of 23 clinical studies focusing on the effect of e-cigarette smoking on the periodontal clinical parameters, levels of inflammatory mediators, alteration in periodontal microflora, and response to periodontal treatment were found to be eligible for inclusion in the review. Vaping may be associated with greater clinical attachment loss (CAL) compared to non-smokers. Moreover, ECs are also associated with unfavorable effects on periodontal microbial counts, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Conclusions
Vaping may play a role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease by altering the host response resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines and periodontal microflora. Clinical studies show deleterious effects of vaping on periodontal health as well as less favourable response to periodontal treatment is observed in e–cigarette users compared to non-smokers. However, compared to cigarette smoking, the effects of vaping are less remarkable.
Thrombophilia genetic mutations and their relation to disease severity among patients with COVID-19
Authors: Moness Hend , Mousa Suzan Omar , Mousa Sarah Omar , Adel Nashwa Mohamed , Ibrahim Reham Ali , Hassan Ebtesam Esmail , Abdelhameed Nadia Ismail , Meshref Dalia Abdelrahman , Abdullah Noha M. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
Patients with COVID-19 infection appear to develop virus-induced hypercoagulability resulting in numerous thrombotic events. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the thrombophilia genes mutations (prothrombin G20210A, factor V Leiden, and methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)) and the severity of COVID-19 patients.

Design
Prospective cross-sectional study.

Method
One hundred and forty patients (80 adults and 60 children) were included in the current study. They were divided into the severe COVID-19 group and the mild COVID-19 group, with each group comprising 40 adults and 30 children. The patients were assessed for FV R506Q, FV R2H1299R, MTHFR A1298C, MTHFR C677T, and prothrombin gene G20210A polymorphisms. CBC, D-dimer, renal and liver function tests, hs-CRP, ferritin, and LDH were also assessed. Thrombotic events were clinically and radiologically documented.

Results
Severe COVID-19 cases were significantly more frequent to have a heterozygous mutation for all the studied genes compared to mild COVID-19 cases (p<0.05 for all). Being mutant to gene FV R506Q carried the highest risk of developing a severe disease course (p<0.0001). Patients with abnormally high D-dimer levels were significantly more frequent to be heterozygous for FV R506Q, FV R2H1299R, and prothrombin gene G20210A (p = 0.006, 0.007, and 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion
We concluded that there is an evident relationship between severe COVID-19 and inherited thrombophilia. In the current study, FV R506Q gene mutation carried the highest risk of developing a severe COVID-19 disease course.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti6Al4V alloy recycled by waste chips vacuum arc melting
Authors: Ozkan Dilara Nur , Sahin Omer , Icin Kursat , Kilicli Volkan , Akar Neset 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of the recycled Ti6Al4V alloy produced using the waste chips vacuum arc melting (VAM) process. The waste chips were cleaned to remove machining residues before VAM and dried in the oven. The dried and compressed chip compacts are vacuum arc melted and hot rolled. Microstructural characterization was performed by using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Mechanical properties were determined by tensile and hardness tests. The microstructures of recycled Ti6Al4V alloy, which produced the VAM process, consist of acicular structures due to rapid solidification. After hot rolling from 950 °C, the elongated α grains and transformed β grains consisting of fine acicular α phase were observed. The recycled Ti6Al4V alloy by hot rolling after VAM exhibited very low total elongation compared to the as-received Ti6Al4V alloy. While a micro dimples ductile fracture was observed on the fracture surfaces of the as-received Ti6Al4V alloy after the tensile test, a brittle fracture surface was observed in the recycled Ti6Al4V alloy samples after VAM + hot rolling due to the coarse α and β grain structure after cooling in the air after hot rolling.
Metallographic characterization of metallic heat shields, accidentally precipitation-hardened with tripled soaking time
Authors: Neidel A. , Fischer B. , Rockel J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Heat treatment (HT) problems, or the lack of necessary HT, are a regular topic of discussion in the papers published in this section Failure Analysis of Practical Metallography. In this present contribution, a case study is presented that shows how an erroneous furnace run almost caused the scrapping of an entire engine set of Metallic Heat Shields (MHS) of a heavy-duty gas turbine engine. The authors readily admit that the subject components did not fail. They were not even put in engine service yet. That means that this case study does not describe a failure in the original sense of the word. However, from a metallurgical point of view, it is still an interesting case that shows that without proper scrutiny during metallurgical investigation in the laboratory, considerable economic loss could have resulted from a simple fabrication problem, that involved a malfunctioning control system of a heat treatment furnace. It was concluded from the metallurgical investigation that is the subject of this contribution that an almost tripled soaking time during aging, i. e., precipitation hardening, of an entire engine set of MHS did not cause any microstructural alterations that could have detrimentally affected mechanical properties of the subject components.
Tmod2is a regulator of cocaine responses through control of striatal and cortical excitability, and drug-induced plasticity
Authors: Mitra Arojit , Deats Sean P. , Dickson Price E. , Zhu Jiuhe , Gardin Justin , Nieman Brian J. , Henkelman R. Mark , Tsai Nien-Pei , Chesler Elissa J. , Zhang Zhong-Wei , Kumar Vivek 
Published: March 2024

Drugs of abuse induce neuroadaptations, including synaptic plasticity, that are critical for transition to addiction, and genes and pathways that regulate these neuroadaptations are potential therapeutic targets.Tropomodulin 2(Tmod2) is an actin-regulating gene that plays an important role in synapse maturation and dendritic arborization and has been implicated in substance-abuse and intellectual disability in humans. Here we mine the KOMP2 data and find thatTmod2 knockout mice show emotionality phenotypes that are predictive of addiction vulnerability. Detailed addiction phenotyping showed thatTmod2deletion does not affect the acute locomotor response to cocaine administration. However, sensitized locomotor responses are highly attenuated in these knockouts, indicating perturbed drug-induced plasticity. In addition,Tmod2mutant animals do not self-administer cocaine indicating lack of hedonic responses to cocaine. Whole brain MR imaging shows differences in brain volume across multiple regions although transcriptomic experiments did not reveal perturbations in gene co-expression networks. Detailed electrophysiological characterization ofTmod2KO neurons, showed increased spontaneous firing rate of early postnatal and adult cortical and striatal neurons. Cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity that is critical for sensitization is either missing or reciprocal inTmod2KO nucleus accumbens shell medium spiny neurons, providing a mechanistic explanation of the cocaine response phenotypes. Combined, these data collected from both males and females, provide compelling evidence thatTmod2is a major regulator of plasticity in the mesolimbic system and regulates the reinforcing and addictive properties of cocaine.Significance statementWe identify, characterize, and establish tropomodulin 2(Tmod2),an actin-regulating gene exclusively expressed in neurons, as an important regulator of addiction-related phenotypes. We show thatTmod2, knockout mice (Tmod2 KO) exhibit phenotypes that are predictive of addiction. In detailed addiction phenotyping, we find theTmod2regulates cocaine sensitization and self-administration. We explore anatomical, transcriptional, electrophysiological mechanisms of this regulation. Combined these studies provide compelling evidence thatTmod2is critical for synaptic plasticity necessary for transition to addiction.
INDEKS KELELAHAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA SETELAH MENGIKUTI PERKULIAHAN SAMPAI PERTENGAHAN SEMESTER
Authors: Sinulingga Andrew Rinaldi , S Wedi , Nova Andi , Rajagukguk Christin P.M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

Istilah "Indeks Kelelahan" mengacu pada tingkat penurunan output daya atlet selama aktivitas intensitas tinggi, yang dapat memberikan informasi tentang kapasitas anaerobik atlet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih baik kinerja fisik dan indeks kelelahan mahasiswa setelah mengikuti perkuliahan selama pertengahan semester di jurusan pendidikan olahraga universitas Riau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik tes dan pengukuran. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yang berjumlah dua puluh lima mahasiswa semester tiga (umur: 19,36 tahun; tinggi: 169,88 cm; berat: 61,92 kg). Instrumen indeks kelelahan berupa tes Repeat Anaerobic Ability (RSA) dengan lari sprint jarak 10X30 meter yang dilakukan setiap 30 detik. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh satu siswa memiliki indeks kelelahan kategori istimewa, delapan siswa memiliki kategori baik, lima belas siswa kategori sedang, dan satu siswa kategori kurang baik. Hasilnya, Indeks Kelelahan mahasiswa semester tiga pada tengah semester termasuk dalam kategori sedang.

Abstract

The term "Fatigue Index" refers to the rate at which the athlete's power output decreases during a high-intensity performance, which can provide information on the athlete's anaerobic capacity. This study aims to understand better student university's physical performance and fatigue index after mid-semester at the department of sports education, university of Riau. This quantitative descriptive study uses survey methods with test and measurement techniques. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique with a total of twenty five third-semester students (age: 19.36 years; height: 169.88cm; weight: 61.92 kg). The fatigue index instrument is Repeat Anaerobic Ability (RSA) test involving 10X30 meters performed every 30 seconds. The measurement results obtained that one student had an excellent category of fatigue index, eight students had a good category, average categories belonged to fifteen students, and Poor categories belonged to one student. As a result, the Fatigue index of students third semester in the mid-semester is the average category.