bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of two hydroxytrichloropicolinic acids: application of the one‐bond chlorine‐isotope effect in 13C NMR
Authors: Irvine Nicholas M. , Cooper David H. , Thornburgh Scott 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe structures of 4‐hydroxy‐3,5,6‐trichloropyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid (1a) and 6‐hydroxy‐3,4,5‐trichloro‐2‐carboxylic acid (1b) were verified by the NMR analysis of their corresponding methylated and decarboxylated derivatives 2,3,5‐trichloro‐4‐methoxypyridine (5) and 3,4,5‐trichloro‐2‐methoxypyridine (8), respectively. The 6‐hydroxy isomer (1a) was found to be in equilibrium with its pyridinone tautomer as evidenced by the formation of significant amounts of 3,4,5‐trichloro‐1‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (6b) on exhaustive methylation. The one‐bond chlorine‐isotope effect was used and shown to be an effective tool for the identification of chlorinated carbons in 13C NMR spectra providing an additional tool for solving structural problems in chlorinated compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Description of a return‐to‐work occupational therapy programme for stroke rehabilitation in Singapore
Authors: Chan Mei Leng 
Published: March 2008

AbstractStroke is the fourth leading cause of death and the major cause of disability in Singapore. The number of stroke survivors is expected to rise with the increase in the ageing population. This paper describes how occupational therapists are involved in stroke and work rehabilitation in Singapore. A retrospective study of stroke clients referred to a vocational assessment unit in 2004 showed that 55% of the clients were able to return to work. The majority of the clients changed their job positions from blue‐collar workers to clerical workers. On the other hand, the main reasons for poor outcome were: unfit to work in general, needed further rehabilitation, further medical care was indicated, failed to meet appointments and withdrawal from the job trial. Three case vignettes are discussed to illustrate the multifactorial aspects influencing positive work outcomes. Further research is needed in exploring the factors that affect stroke rehabilitation and return‐to‐work outcomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization and destabilization in non‐conservative gyroscopic systems
Authors: Kirillov Oleg N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractStability of a linear autonomous non‐conservative system in presence of potential, gyroscopic, dissipative, and nonconservative positional forces is studied. The cases when the non‐conservative system is close to a gyroscopic system or to a circulatory one, are examined. It is known that the marginal stability of gyroscopic and circulatory systems can be destroyed or improved up to asymptotic stability due to action of small non‐conservative positional and velocity‐dependent forces. The present contribution shows that in both cases the boundary of the asymptotic stability domain of the perturbed system possesses singularities such as “Dihedral angle” and “Whitney umbrella” that govern stabilization and destabilization. Approximations of the stability boundary near the singularities and estimates of the critical gyroscopic and circulatory parameters are found in an analytic form. In case of two degrees of freedom these estimates are obtained in terms of the invariants of matrices of the system. As an example, the asymptotic stability domain of the modified Maxwell‐Bloch equations is investigated with an application to the stability problems of gyroscopic systems with stationary and rotating damping, such as the Crandall gyropendulum, tippe top and Jellet's egg. An instability mechanism in a system with two degrees of freedom, originating after discretization of models of a rotating disc in frictional contact and possessing the spectral mesh in the plane ‘frequency’ versus ‘angular velocity’, is described in detail and its role in the disc brake squeal problem is discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On soft‐fuzzy computing and modelling
Authors: Kosiński Witold 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn real‐life problems both parameters and data used in mathematical modelling are vague. Pattern recognition, system modelling, diagnosis, image analysis, fault detection and others are fields where soft calculation with unprecise, fuzzy, objects plays an important role. In the presentation recent results in the theory of ordered fuzzy numbers and their normed algebra are shortly reviewed. Then possible applications in modelling dynamical systems and mechanics are presented. From the classical framework known algebraic and evolution equations describing such systems are transformed to their fuzzy versions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Controllability of neutral functional evolution integrodifferential systems with infinite delay
Authors: Balachandran K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this paper we establish sufficient conditions for the controllability of neutral functional evolution integrodifferential systems. The results are obtained by using analytic semigroup theory and the Nussbaum fixed point theorem. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Control analysis for water quality problem
Authors: Louaked Mohammed , Saïdi Abdelkader 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe optimal control of water quality model is considered. We analyze a regularized version of the pointwise control. A numerical algorithm is presented. The solution approach is a combination of a TVD scheme for the shallow water equations and a purley deterministic particle method for the pollutant problem. We present some computational results. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dual‐based error analysis for uncertainty quantification in a chemical system
Authors: Mathelin Lionel , Le Maître Olivier P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn a posteriori error estimation for the numerical solution of a stochastic variational problem arising in the context of parametric uncertainty is presented. The discretization of the stochastic variational problem uses piecewise continuous orthogonal polynomials in the stochastic domain. The a posteriori methodology is derived by measuring the error as the functional difference between the continuous and discrete solutions. An example is shown on a chemical system which reaction rates are uncertain. The present approach efficiency in providing a good accuracy in the uncertainty quantification at a reasonable computational cost is demonstrated. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability and robustness properties of a class of discrete–time residual generators
Authors: Stoica Adrian–Mihail 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a design methodology for an observer–based fault detection filter. This approach allows to compute a filter gain such that both fault detection and disturbance attenuation requirements are accomplished. The developments are based on H∞ optimization in the discrete–time framework. The existence conditions for the observer–based detection filter are expressed in terms of feasibility of a system of matrix inequalities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical methods for 2D weakly singular Volterra integral equations of the second kind
Authors: Tynda Alexander N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe paper is dedicated to the numerical solution of 2D weakly singular Volterra integral equations with two different kernels. In order to weaken a singularity influence on the numerical computations we transform these equations in both cases into equivalent equations. The piecewise polynomial approximation of the exact solution is then applied. For numerical computing of weakly singular integrals we construct the special Gauss‐type cubature formula based on a nonuniform grid. Also we suggest the practical mesh which is less nonuniform than standard graded mesh tk = (k/N)r /(1–α) T, and at the same time it gives an equivalent approximation error for the functions from Cr,α (0, T ]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear dynamics of an inclined cable subjected to boundary motion conditions
Authors: Woszczyna Anna , Bryja Danuta , Prokopowicz Dawid 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the dynamic modelling of pretensed cable with geometry distinguished by a small or large sag‐tospan ratio and horizontal or inclined cable chord. Spatial cable vibrations are considered from the viewpoint of kinematic excitation caused by a motion of connecting points between the cable and suspended structure or pylon. The nonlinear equations describing in‐plane and out‐of‐plane cable vibrations are derived and solved by standard Galerkin's procedure. Linear and nonlinear solutions for simple model of cable‐stayed bridge loaded by moving unit force are presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Problem of magnetoelasticity for a solid with the spherical cavity
Authors: Dashko Olga 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe solution of a static problem of magnetoelastisity for a soft ferromagnetic elastic solid with the spherical cavity is obtained on the base of the linear theory of Brown, Pao and Yeh. It is assumed that the solid has a multi‐domain structure, so the hysteresis loss and remanent magnetization are neglected. The solid is affected by a magnetic field which is uniform at infinity and determined by the magnetic induction vector. The cavity causes some distortion of the field distribution near the interface. So the field induces magnetic moments and produces stresses and deformations in the body. The problem is solved for an unperturbed strain state. An approach is discussed to find the perturbed values on the base of the solution obtained. The Fourier variable separation method is used. The stresses are presented via harmonic functions. As a result magnetoelastic stresses are obtained in the closed form. Their distribution in the body is studied and some results of numerical calculations are shown. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Moment closure for FENE models of complex fluids
Authors: Du Qiang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this talk, we present some joint work with current and former colleagues at Penn State (C. Liu, P. Yu and Y. Hyon) on moment closure approximations of multiscale complex fluid models. Moment closure not only provides a computationally feasible approach to simulate many multiscale phenomena but also offers insight to the understanding of the underlying physical processes. We will discuss some of our recent works on developing systematic moment closure models for micromacro FENE models of complex fluids and demonstrate their effectiveness for a wide range of parameter regimes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A mesh adaptation for non‐stationary problems
Authors: Felcman Jiří , Kubera Petr 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe subject‐matter of this paper is the numerical simulation of the multidimensional inviscid compressible transonic gas flow. An adaptive mesh is constructed in the framework of the ADER higher order cell‐centred finite volume scheme. An adaptation strategy based on the residual error indicator is followed by a recovery of the approximate solution on the new mesh. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Description of light focusing by a spherical lens using diffraction integral method
Authors: Guha Shekhar , Gonzalez Leonel P. , Sheng Qin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe describe here the propagation of light through a plano‐convex spherical lens using the Stratton‐Chu vector diffraction integrals. The values of the electric and magnetic fields on the two lens surfaces and at a point outside the lens are calculated by repeated use of the diffraction integrals and the intensity distribution in the focal region of the lens is determined. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemotoxicity recovery of mitochondria in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma resulting in minimal residual disease
Authors: Kusao Ian , Agsalda Melissa , Troelstrup David , Villanueva Nicolas , Shiramizu Bruce 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms responsible for resistant disease or recurrence of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children cover a wide spectrum from drug resistance to genetic mutations. A unique mechanism suggesting the role of mitochondria as the key energy source is studied following a clinical observation where pediatric Burkitt lymphoma (BL) specimens from patients on therapy were found to have increased copies of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) in specimens which were shown to be positive for minimal residual disease and/or persistent disease (MRD/PD). This study hypothesized that the mitochondria play an important role in a cell's recovery from toxicity via a compensatory increase in mtDNA.ProcedureBL specimens with MRD/PD were assayed for mtDNA. An in vitro model was then designed using Ramos cell lines by exposing the lymphoma cells to varying concentrations of doxorubicin and vincristine for 1 hr; and allowing for recovery in culture over 7 days. DNA was extracted from aliquots over several days to determine mtDNA copy numbers by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsIncreased mtDNA copy numbers were found in clinical specimens with MRD/PD as well as in recovering Ramos cells from chemotoxicity.ConclusionsThe recovering lymphoma cells from the chemotoxic effects appeared to compensate by increasing mtDNA content, which may contribute to the clinical residual or resistant disease in some cases of childhood BL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:193–197. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shwachman–Diamond syndrome presenting in a premature infant as pancytopenia
Authors: Black L. Vandy , Soltau Thomas , Kelly David R. , Berkow Roger L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractShwachman–Diamond syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow dysfunction, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, failure to thrive, and skeletal abnormalities. It is most commonly diagnosed in early childhood after the development of hematologic abnormalities. We report a premature infant born at 33 weeks gestation who was small for gestational age and displayed persistent cytopenias requiring transfusion. Genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:123–124. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antimicrobial prescribing trends in primary care: implications for health policy in Bahrain
Authors: Al Khaja Khalid A. J. , Sequeira Reginald P. , Damanhori Awatif H. H. , Ismaeel Abdulrahman Y. , Handu Shailendra S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate antimicrobial prescribing pattern by primary care physicians.MethodsA nation‐wide, retrospective, multi‐centric prescription‐audit was carried out in primary care health centres in Bahrain.ResultsSystemic antimicrobials ranked the fourth most common class of drugs prescribed. Amoxycillin, cephalexin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole were prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) more often than by family physicians (FPs) (p < 0.05). With respect to prescribing of other antimicrobials and anthelmintic mebendazole, the differences between GPs and FPs were nonsignificant. Seventy‐seven per cent of systemic antimicrobials prescribed were for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Topical antimicrobial preparations for ear and eye infections were prescribed by GPs in a rate significantly higher than by FPs (p < 0.05); of these, chloramphenicol and Locacorten vioform® (flumethasone +  clioquinol) ear drops and sulphacetamide eye drops were more often prescribed by GPs (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in prescribing between GPs and FPs as regards topical antimicrobials used for oropharyngeal, skin and vulvovaginal infections.ConclusionAntimicrobials were extensively used in primary care, mainly for treating RTIs. The general practitioners were more avid prescribers of antimicrobials compared to the FPs. Rational use of antimicrobials in primary care should be encouraged and the reasons for the observed differences in prescribing of antimicrobials between the GPs and FPs need further evaluation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spirituality as a core domain in the assessment of quality of life in oncology
Authors: Whitford Hayley S. , Olver Ian N. , Peterson Melissa J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives: This study investigated including spiritual wellbeing as a core domain in the assessment of quality of life (QOL) in an Australian oncology population.Methods: Four hundred and ninety consecutive cancer patients with mixed diagnoses completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well‐Being (FACIT‐Sp) and the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale.Results: Overall, 449 patients completed assessments. Spiritual wellbeing demonstrated a significant, positive association with QOL (r=0.59), fighting spirit (r=0.49) and a significant, negative relationship with helplessness/hopelessness (r=−0.47) and anxious preoccupation (r=−0.26). A hierarchical multiple regression showed spiritual wellbeing to be a significant, unique contributor to QOL beyond the core domains of physical, social/family, and emotional wellbeing (R2 change=0.08, p=0.000). However, high levels of meaning/peace or faith did not appear to significantly impact patients' ability to enjoy life despite chronic symptoms of pain or fatigue, making the current results inconsistent with other findings.Conclusion: Results lend further support to the biopsychosocialspiritual model. By failing to assess spiritual wellbeing, the ‘true’ burden of cancer is likely to be miscalculated. However, at this stage, the exact clinical utility of spirituality assessment is unclear. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of psychological distress on quality of life of adult daughters and their mothers with cancer
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Wellisch David K. , Spillers Rachel L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntroduction: As the population continues to age, adult daughters are more likely to be involved in caregiving. Given the fact that sharing emotional experiences is common in female relationships, (dis)similarity between mothers with cancer and their adult caregiving daughters is expected. However, the extent to which the (dis)similarity in psychological distress influences the quality of life of each person remains unknown.Method: This study aims at addressing this concern, using a total of 98 mother–daughter dyads participating in the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors‐I and Quality of Life Survey for Caregivers. Results: Using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model, the results showed that although each person's psychological distress is the strongest predictor of their own quality of life, a mother's distress also plays a significant role in the daughter's quality of life. Specifically, when mothers experienced greater levels of psychological distress, the daughters reported better mental health but poorer physical health.Conclusions: Our findings on the disproportionately strong association between psychological distress of mothers with cancer and their adult caregiving daughters' quality of life suggest that caregiving daughters may benefit from programs designed to assist them to cope better with their mothers' psychological distress when both are living with cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Modification of Nafion Membranes Using Atmospheric‐Pressure Low‐Temperature Plasmas for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Kim Jong Hoon , Sohn Juhee , Cho Jin Hoon , Choi Myeong Yeol , Koo Il Gyo , Lee Woong Moo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe surface morphology of a proton‐conducting polymer membrane is modified by plasma treatments in view of electrochemical applications. The atmospheric‐pressure glow plasmas generated using helium/hydrogen gas mixtures, or helium as the working gas are etching the surfaces very efficiently. The Nafion membranes placed between two dielectric disks undergo morphological, as well as surface chemical structural changes during exposure to the RF powered discharges. The change in the surface morphology depends on the composition of the plasma. The electrochemical cell employing the modified membrane as the electrolyte displays remarkable improvements in registering the current density.magnified image
Catalytic effect of dissolved humic acids on the chemical degradation of phenylurea herbicides
Authors: Salvestrini Stefano , Capasso Sante , Iovino Pasquale 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although biodegradation seems to be the main cause of herbicide degradation, abiotic degradation can also be important for chemicals such as phenylureas, which are subject to catalysed soil reactions. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of dissolved humic acids (HAs), normally present in natural waters, on the hydrolysis of phenylurea herbicides, and it presents a kinetic model that takes into account the role of adsorption.RESULTS:The linearity of the adsorption isotherms indicates that phenylurea–humic acid interaction can be considered in terms of a repartition‐like equilibrium of phenylurea between water and HAs. Kinetic experiments show that the degradation rates of phenylureas increase with HA concentration.CONCLUSION:The kinetic equation adopted adequately describes the experimental data trend, allowing the evaluation of the catalytic effect of HAs on the chemical degradation of phenylureas. Carboxyl groups of HAs seem to play a leading role in the catalysis. The kinetic equation derived in this work could be helpful in predicting the persistence of phenylureas and of related compounds in natural water. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Intermolecular band dispersion in highly ordered monolayer and multilayer films of pentacene on Cu(110)
Authors: Yamane Hiroyuki , Kawabe Eiji , Yoshimura Daisuke , Sumii Ryohei , Kanai Kaname , Ouchi Yukio , Ueno Nobuo , Seki Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report the electronic structure and the charge transport mechanism of highly ordered films of pentacene on Cu(110) surface studied by angle‐resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. For a flat‐lying monolayer film, we observed the evidences of (i) formation of the interface states and (ii) two‐dimensional intermolecular band dispersion of the resultant interface states, which may originate from the hybridization between the molecular orbi‐tals and the wave function of the substrate. For an upright‐standing multilayer film, we observed the two‐dimensional intermolecular band dispersion, which originates from the intermolecular π–π interaction. The observed effective masses of the hole for different azimuths demonstrate the presence of the anisotropy of the hole mobility in pentacene crystals also at higher temperatures. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)