bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampled‐data‐based disturbance compensation distributed optimization control for a class of multi‐agent systems
Authors: Yuan Ruonan , Zhao Zhi‐Liang , Chen Sen , Chai Tianyou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the distributed optimization feedback control for a family of multi‐agent systems with external disturbances. For physical implementation in the scenario that only the sampled‐state information is available, a novel disturbance compensation distributed optimization control strategy is proposed by designing a sampled‐data‐based distributed protocol and a sampled‐data‐based disturbance compensator. The disturbances in the current sampling interval are compensated by an exact value at the time in the last sampling interval obtained by using the sampled data. It is proved that the states of agents converge to an arbitrarily small domain of the optimal point of the global cost function if the disturbances and their derivatives are bounded, and the sampling period is short enough. Besides, when disturbances are constants, all the agents' states converge to the optimal point asymptotically. Simulations consolidated the validity of the proposed method.
Temporal variability is a major source of uncertainty in soil carbon measurements
Authors: Wuest Stewart B. , Durfee Nicole 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMonitoring changes in soil organic carbon over time is important to many agricultural and environmental goals. Despite decades of measurements, temporal variability in soil carbon measurements has not been studied extensively. In this report, we examine five sets of monthly samples extending up to 3 years each that were collected from field experiments at four locations representative of dryland farming in the Pacific Northwest. The variance from month‐to‐month was 15%–32% of the random error, averaging 20%. This was often greater than the variance between replicate experimental units (2%–42%, averaging 17%). At certain sites, sequential samples were found to be temporally autocorrelated, but no consistent trend patterned on seasonal factors like precipitation was found. This suggests that a single point‐in‐time sample can deviate substantially from the long‐term average soil carbon at the site. We illustrate this problem with the results of repeated soil samples taken from 12 commercial farm fields. We recommend that confidence intervals for soil organic carbon estimates should include variance based on a large population of samples rather than from a single sample set at one timepoint.
Hydrazide‐Bridged Pyridazines for Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterizations, In Silico, and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Gursoy Sule , Taskor Onel Gulce , Turkmenoglu Burcin , Bozbey Merde Irem , Dilek Esra , Hepokur Ceylan , Algul Oztekin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the inhibitory potential of a series of hydrazide derivatives bearing different substituents with the pyridazine structure (5 a–i and 6 a–f) against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using a modified Ellman's method. The inhibitory profiles of the synthesized compounds were assessed by comparing their IC50 and Ki values. Our results demonstrate that all the compounds exhibit significant inhibitory activity against both AChE and BChE when compared to the reference compound, tacrine. Particularly, compound 6 a exhibited the highest activity against Electrophorus electricus AChE (EeAChE) with a Ki value of 3.26 nM, while compound 5 a displayed the most potent inhibition against equine BChE (eqBChE) with a Ki value of 0.94 nM. The compounds did not possess significant cytotoxicity action using the MTT assay on the cancer cell lines. The DPPH assays revealed that all the compounds have moderate antioxidant activities. Furthermore, molecular docking studies provided valuable insights into the interaction mechanisms of these compounds within the active sites of AChE and BChE crystal structures (PDB ID: 4EY7 and 4BDS, respectively). The above results indicated that the pyridazine‐based compounds were a promising functional agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Electrostatic Potential Design of Solid Additives for Enhanced Molecular Order of Polymer Donor in Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Zhenghong , Guo Chuanhang , Wang Liang , Chen Chen , Cai Jinlong , Liu Chenhao , Gan Zirui , Sun Yuandong , Zhou Jinpeng , Zhou Jing , Liu Dan , Wang Tao , Li Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolymeric semiconducting materials struggle to achieve fast charge mobility due to low structural order. In this work, five 1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)dione‐benzene structured halogenated solid additives namely INB‐5F, INB‐3F, INB‐1F, INB‐1Cl, and INB‐1Br with gradually varied electrostatic potential are designed and utilized to regulate the structural order of polymer donor PM6. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that although the dione unit of these additives tends to adsorb on the backbone of PM6, the reduced electrostatic potential of the halogen‐substituted benzene can shift the benzene interacting site from alkyl side chains to the conjugated backbone of PM6, not only leading to enhanced π–π stacking in out‐of‐plane but also arising new π–π stacking in in‐plane together with the appearance of multiple backbone stacking in out‐of‐plane, consequent to the co‐existence of face‐on and edge‐on molecular orientations. This molecular packing transformation further translates to enhanced charge transport and suppressed carrier recombination in their photovoltaics, with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.4% received in PM6/L8‐BO layer‐by‐layer deposited organic solar cells.
Arsenic exposure induced renal fibrosis via regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3‐TGF‐β1/SMAD signaling pathway
Authors: Ren Miaomiao , Li Jing , Xu Zehua , Nan Bingru , Gao Hongying , Wang Heng , Lin Yi , Shen Heqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnvironmental arsenic exposure is one of the major global public health problems. Studies have shown that arsenic exposure can cause renal fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Integrating the in vivo and in vitro models, this study investigated the potential molecular pathways for arsenic‐induced renal fibrosis. In this study, SD rats were treated with 0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L NaAsO2 for 8 weeks via drinking water, and HK2 cells were treated with different doses of NaAsO2 for 48 h. The in vivo results showed that arsenic content in the rats' kidneys increased as the dose increased. Body weight decreased and kidney coefficient increased at 100 mg/L. As a response to the elevated NaAsO2 dose, inflammatory cell infiltration, renal tubular injury, glomerular atrophy, tubulointerstitial hemorrhage, and fibrosis became more obvious indicated by HE and Masson staining. The kidney transcriptome profiles further supported the protein–protein interactions involved in NaAsO2‐induced renal fibrosis. The in vivo results, in together with the in vitro experiments, have revealed that exposure to NaAsO2 disturbed mitochondrial dynamics, promoted mitophagy, activated inflammation and the TGF‐β1/SMAD signaling pathway, and finally resulted in fibrosis. In summary, arsenic exposure contributed to renal fibrosis via regulating the mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3‐TGF‐β1/SMAD signaling axis. This study presented an adverse outcome pathway for the development of renal fibrosis due to arsenic exposure through drinking water.
Discovery of the tryptanthrin‐derived indoloquinazoline as an anti‐breast cancer agent via ERK/JNK activation
Authors: Chang Chih‐Shiang , Bai Li‐Yuan , Chiu Chang‐Fang , Hu Jing‐Lan , Weng Jing‐Ru 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTryptanthrin, an alkaloid applied in traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti‐tumor activity of the tryptanthrin derivative (8‐cyanoindolo[2,1‐b]quinazoline‐6,12‐dione [CIQ]) in breast cancer cells. In both MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, CIQ inhibited cell viability and promoted caspase‐dependent apoptosis. At the concentration‐ and time‐dependent ways, CIQ increased the levels of p‐ERK, p‐JNK, and p‐p38 in breast cancer cells. We found that exposure to the JNK inhibitor or the ERK inhibitor partially reversed CIQ's viability. We also observed that CIQ increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and upregulated the phosphorylation and expression of H2AX. However, the pretreatment of the antioxidants did not protect the cells against CIQ's effects on cell viability and apoptosis, which suggested that ROS does not play a major role in the mechanism of action of CIQ. In addition, CIQ inhibited the invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells and decreased the expression of the prometastatic factors (MMP‐2 and Snail). These findings demonstrated that the possibility of this compound to show promise in playing an important role against breast cancer.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of metallic copper‐chitosan nanomaterial using environmentally friendly Cleistocalyx operculatus leaf extract as a reducing agent
Authors: Pham Phuong Anh , Doan Thi Hai , Nguyen Thi Nhiem , Nguyen Minh Viet , Ngo Quoc Anh , Kulikouskaya Viktoryia , Tran Quang Vinh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe copper‐chitosan nanomaterial (CuNPs‐CTS) was effectively produced through a chemical reduction process employing Cleistocalyx operculatus leaf extract (COLE) as a reduction agent and chitosan as a stabilization agent. Both COLE and chitosan were derived from natural sources and are environmentally friendly. Various techniques including XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS were used to characterize the samples. The findings revealed the exclusive presence of CuNPs metal when COLE was used as the reducing agent, while the presence of both metallic Cu and Cu2O was the result of using NaBH4. The CuNPs‐CTS material synthesized with COLE displayed CuNPs particles with diameters varying from 10 to 30 nm. CuNPs‐CTS materials were tested for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. CuNPs‐CTS materials effectively inhibited the growth of these bacteria, significantly expanding the bacterial inhibition zone compared to the control sample (distilled water). The CuNPs‐CTS material using COLE exhibited a bacterial inhibition zone diameter of around 20 and 18 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. This surpassed the antibacterial performance of the CuNPs‐CTS material employing NaBH4 against S. aureus (18 mm).
The colourful antenna subtraction method
Authors: Gehrmann T. , Glover E. W. N. , Marcoli M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a general subtraction scheme for NNLO calculations in massless QCD: the colourful antenna subtraction method. It is a reformulation of the antenna subtraction approach designed to address some of the limitations of the traditional framework, especially aiming at high-multiplicity processes. In the context of the new formalism, structures needed to locally subtract the infrared-divergent behaviour of real emission corrections are systematically inferred from virtual subtraction terms, relying on the cancellation of infrared singularities and on the correspondence between integrated and unintegrated antenna functions. We illustrate in detail how the colourful antenna subtraction method works up to NNLO. The algorithm is particularly suited to be fully automated for the generation of NNLO subtraction terms for generic processes. We employ the new formalism to assemble the subtraction terms required for the calculation of the NNLO correction to hadronic three-jet production and describe their validation procedure.
Boosting likelihood learning with event reweighting
Authors: Chen Siyu , Glioti Alfredo , Panico Giuliano , Wulzer Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Extracting maximal information from experimental data requires access to the likelihood function, which however is never directly available for complex experiments like those performed at high energy colliders. Theoretical predictions are obtained in this context by Monte Carlo events, which do furnish an accurate but abstract and implicit representation of the likelihood. Strategies based on statistical learning are currently being developed to infer the likelihood function explicitly by training a continuous-output classifier on Monte Carlo events. In this paper, we investigate the usage of Monte Carlo events that incorporate the dependence on the parameters of interest by reweighting. This enables more accurate likelihood learning with less training data and a more robust learning scheme that is more suited for automation and extensive deployment. We illustrate these advantages in the context of LHC precision probes of new Effective Field Theory interactions.
Fully nonlinear transformations of the Weyl-Bondi-Metzner-Sachs asymptotic symmetry group
Authors: Flanagan Éanna É. , Nichols David A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The asymptotic symmetry group of general relativity in asymptotically flat spacetimes can be extended from the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) group to the generalized BMS (GMBS) group suggested by Campiglia and Laddha, which includes arbitrary diffeomorphisms of the celestial two-sphere. It can be further extended to the Weyl BMS (BMSW) group suggested by Freidel, Oliveri, Pranzetti and Speziale, which includes general conformal transformations. We compute the action of fully nonlinear BMSW transformations on the leading order Bondi-gauge metric functions: specifically, the induced metric, Bondi mass aspect, angular momentum aspect, and shear. These results generalize previous linearized results in the BMSW context by Freidel et al., and also nonlinear results in the BMS context by Chen, Wang, Wang and Yau. The transformation laws will be useful for exploring implications of the BMSW group.
The exon junction complex is required for DMD gene splicing fidelity and myogenic differentiation
Authors: Da Cunha Dylan , Miro Julie , Van Goethem Charles , Notarnicola Cécile , Hugon Gérald , Carnac Gilles , Cossée Mireille , Koenig Michel , Tuffery-Giraud Sylvie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeposition of the exon junction complex (EJC) upstream of exon-exon junctions helps maintain transcriptome integrity by preventing spurious re-splicing events in already spliced mRNAs. Here we investigate the importance of EJC for the correct splicing of the 2.2-megabase-long human DMD pre-mRNA, which encodes dystrophin, an essential protein involved in cytoskeletal organization and cell signaling. Using targeted RNA-seq, we show that knock-down of the eIF4A3 and Y14 core components of EJC in a human muscle cell line causes an accumulation of mis-splicing events clustered towards the 3′ end of the DMD transcript (Dp427m). This deregulation is conserved in the short Dp71 isoform expressed ubiquitously except in adult skeletal muscle and is rescued with wild-type eIF4A3 and Y14 proteins but not with an EJC assembly-defective mutant eIF4A3. MLN51 protein and EJC-associated ASAP/PSAP complexes independently modulate the inclusion of the regulated exons 71 and 78. Our data confirm the protective role of EJC in maintaining splicing fidelity, which in the DMD gene is necessary to preserve the function of the critical C-terminal protein–protein interaction domain of dystrophin present in all tissue-specific isoforms. Given the role of the EJC in maintaining the integrity of dystrophin, we asked whether the EJC could also be involved in the regulation of a mechanism as complex as skeletal muscle differentiation. We found that eIF4A3 knockdown impairs myogenic differentiation by blocking myotube formation. Collectively, our data provide new insights into the functional roles of EJC in human skeletal muscle.
Contests on networks
Authors: Matros Alexander , Rietzke David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe develop a model of contests on networks. Each player is connected to a set of contests and exerts a single effort to increase the probability of winning each contest to which she is connected. We explore how behavior is shaped by the pattern of interactions and characterize the networks that tend to induce greater effort; in particular, we show that the complete bipartite network is the unique structure that maximizes aggregate player effort. We also obtain a new exclusion result—akin to the Exclusion Principle of Baye et al. (Am Econ Rev 83(1):289-294, 1993)—which holds under the lottery CSF, and contrasts prior work in contests. Finally, new insight into uniqueness of equilibrium for network contest games is provided. Our framework has a broad range of applications, including research and development, advertising, and research funding.
End-time regularity theorem for Brakke flows
Authors: Stuvard Salvatore , Tonegawa Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor a general k-dimensional Brakke flow in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

locally close to a k-dimensional plane in the sense of measure, it is proved that the flow is represented locally as a smooth graph over the plane with estimates on all the derivatives up to the end-time. Moreover, at any point in space-time where the Gaussian density is close to 1, the flow can be extended smoothly as a mean curvature flow up to that time in a neighborhood: this extends White’s local regularity theorem to general Brakke flows. The regularity result is in fact obtained for more general Brakke-like flows, driven by the mean curvature plus an additional forcing term in a dimensionally sharp integrability class or in a Hölder class.
Predicting Peri-Operative Cardiorespiratory Adverse Events in Children with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization Using Echocardiography: A Cohort Study
Authors: Dawes Timothy J. W. , Woodham Valentine , Sharkey Emma , McEwan Angus , Derrick Graham , Muthurangu Vivek , Moledina Shahin , Hepburn Lucy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
General anesthesia in children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) carries an increased risk of peri-operative cardiorespiratory complications though risk stratifying individual children pre-operatively remains difficult. We report the incidence and echocardiographic risk factors for adverse events in children with PAH undergoing general anesthesia for cardiac catheterization. Echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and adverse event data from consecutive PAH patients are reported. A multivariable predictive model was developed from echocardiographic variables identified by Bayesian univariable logistic regression. Model performance was reported by area under the curve for receiver operating characteristics (AUCroc) and precision/recall (AUCpr) and a pre-operative scoring system derived (0–100). Ninety-three children underwent 158 cardiac catheterizations with mean age 8.8 ± 4.6 years. Adverse events (n = 42) occurred in 15 patients (16%) during 16 catheterizations (10%) including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 5, 3%), electrocardiographic changes (n = 3, 2%), significant hypotension (n = 2, 1%), stridor (n = 1, 1%), and death (n = 2, 1%). A multivariable model (age, right ventricular dysfunction, and dilatation, pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation severity, and maximal velocity) was highly predictive of adverse events (AUCroc 0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.00; AUCpr 0.68, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.91; baseline AUCpr 0.10). Pre-operative risk scores were higher in those who had a subsequent adverse event (median 47, IQR 43 to 53) than in those who did not (median 23, IQR 15 to 33). Pre-operative echocardiography informs the risk of peri-operative adverse events and may therefore be useful both for consent and multi-disciplinary care planning.
Long-term CT follow-up of patients with lumbar spondylolysis reveals low rate of spontaneous bone fusion
Authors: Staudenmann Anita , Marth Adrian Alexander , Stern Christoph , Fröhlich Stefan , Sutter Reto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Knowledge about the long-term outcome of patients with lumbar spondylolysis (LS) is limited. This study assessed the frequency of bone fusion in conservatively treated lumbar spondylolysis with photon counting detector computed tomography.

Methods
Patients with lumbar spondylolysis diagnosed with CT or MRI were prospectively enrolled and underwent CT 5–10 years after initial imaging. Image assessment included evaluation of Meyerding grade, listhesis size, measurement of the lysis gap, and disc integrity on the lysis level. Comparisons were made between bone fusion as the primary endpoint and sex, body mass index, age at diagnosis, follow-up interval, size of listhesis, Meyerding grade, size of the lysis gap, sports activity, and presence of pain.

Results
A total of 39 patients (26.0 ± 3.1 years, 15 female) with lumbar spondylolysis on 41 levels were included after a mean follow-up period of 9.1 ± 2.2 years. Nine patients (22.0%, four female) showed complete fusion of the lysis gap. Patients with bone fusion of the lysis gap had a significantly lower Meyerding grade (p = 0.01), smaller size of the listhesis (p = 0.019), and smaller anterior and posterior lysis gap size (p = 0.046 and p = 0.011, respectively). Unilateral lyses showed significantly higher fusion rates than bilateral lyses (40.0% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found for pain at follow-up between patients with and without bone fusion (p = 0.253).

Conclusion
Bone fusion occurred in about a fifth of conservatively treated lumbar spondylolysis after a follow-up period of 9 years. Factors associated with a successful fusion were a lower Meyerding grade, minimal listhesis, and a small lysis gap.
Background contrast affects detection and recognition of courting wolf spiders by intended and unintended receivers
Authors: Uetz George W. , Gilbert Rachel , Wilson Rebecca , Mann Jacqueline , Macedonia Joseph , Clark David L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe used video playback of courting male Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders to examine responses of intended receivers (conspecific females) and eavesdroppers (competitor males, predatory spiders, toads) to manipulations of spider color (natural color, monochromatic gray, monochromatic RBG average) displayed against complex leaf litter backgrounds (color, grayscale). Models of chromatic and achromatic contrast between spider stimuli and backgrounds were used to predict receiver responses. The results support the hypothesis that interactions between spider and background coloration affect detection and recognition, although responses varied with receiver type. Detection responses of intended receivers (female S. ocreata) did not fit predictions of the chromatic contrast model in some cases, but showed a fair fit to the achromatic model. Detection responses of social eavesdroppers (male S. ocreata) fit the chromatic and achromatic contrast models slightly better than did female responses (poor fit and very good fit, respectively). Eavesdropping wolf spider predators (Rabidosa) exhibited detection responses that significantly matched predictions of the chromatic (very good fit) and achromatic (excellent fit) models. Whereas jumping spiders (Phidippus) showed a good fit to the chromatic and achromatic contrast models, toad predators had a good fit only to the chromatic model. Recognition responses revealed a different pattern of fit to the chromatic and achromatic models across receiver types, although Rabidosa again indicated a significant fit to both models. Taken together, the results of this study identify both chromatic and achromatic features of spider appearance as likely explanations for differences in behavioral responses of intended and unintended receivers. This outcome suggests the possibility that both sexual and natural selection likely target different features of male appearance during courtship.