bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartilage repair using bone morphogenetic protein 4 and muscle‐derived stem cells
Authors: Kuroda Ryosuke , Usas Arvydas , Kubo Seiji , Corsi Karin , Peng Hairong , Rose Tim , Cummins James , Fu Freddie H. , Huard Johnny 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveMuscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) isolated from mouse skeletal muscle exhibit long‐time proliferation, high self‐renewal, and multipotent differentiation. This study was undertaken to investigate the ability of MDSCs that were retrovirally transduced to express bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP‐4) to differentiate into chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo and enhance articular cartilage repair.MethodsUsing monolayer and micromass pellet culture systems, we evaluated the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of LacZ‐ and BMP‐4–transduced MDSCs with or without transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. We used a nude rat model of a full‐thickness articular cartilage defect to assess the duration of LacZ transgene expression and evaluate the ability of transplanted cells to acquire a chondrocytic phenotype. We evaluated cartilage repair macroscopically and histologically 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery, and performed histologic grading of the repaired tissues.ResultsBMP‐4–expressing MDSCs acquired a chondrocytic phenotype in vitro more effectively than did MDSCs expressing only LacZ; the addition of TGFβ1 did not alter chondrogenic differentiation of the BMP‐4–transduced MDSCs. LacZ expression within the repaired tissue continued for up to 12 weeks. Four weeks after surgery, we detected donor cells that coexpressed β‐galactosidase and type II collagen. Histologic scoring of the defect sites 24 weeks after transplantation revealed significantly better cartilage repair in animals that received BMP‐4–transduced MDSCs than in those that received MDSCs expressing only LacZ.ConclusionLocal delivery of BMP‐4 by genetically engineered MDSCs enhanced chondrogenesis and significantly improved articular cartilage repair in rats.
Morphologic and quantitative assessment of CD20+ B cell infiltrates in rheumatoid arthritis–associated nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Atkins Sarah R. , Turesson Carl , Myers Jeffery L. , Tazelaar Henry D. , Ryu Jay H. , Matteson Eric L. , Bongartz Tim 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveB lymphocytes are emerging as important elements in the events leading to joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, B lymphocytes have not been studied in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)–associated lung disease. We performed a morphologic and quantitative analysis of B lymphocytes and plasma cells in RA‐associated interstitial pneumonia (IP) in comparison with idiopathic IP and normal lungs.MethodsOpen‐lung biopsy specimens from patients with RA‐associated IP (n = 18), patients with idiopathic IP (n = 21), and control subjects (n = 11) were stained with antibodies to CD20 and CD138. Morphologic patterns of stained specimens were characterized and staining was quantified using computer‐assisted image analysis.ResultsIn RA‐associated IP, marked follicular B cell hyperplasia was detected, which was limited almost entirely to peribronchiolar lymphoid aggregates. Plasma cells were also present in large numbers, but showed a more diffuse tissue infiltration. Quantification of B cells demonstrated higher cellularity in RA‐associated IP (median 2.0%, interquartile range [IQR] 1.0–5.7) as compared with idiopathic IP (0.9%, IQR 0.5–2.1). Control specimens showed a significantly smaller number of B cells compared with both diseases (0.4%, IQR 0.1–1.3). In RA patients who were smokers and in those who were male, the proportion of CD20+ tissue areas further increased to 4.3% (IQR 1.0–5.8) and 3.9% (IQR 0.7–6.9), respectively.ConclusionWe demonstrated a significant follicular B cell hyperplasia in RA‐associated IP. The differences between RA‐associated IP and idiopathic IP imply a differential emphasis of B cell–mediated mechanisms in the 2 diseases despite radiologic and histologic similarities and provide a rationale for studying functional aspects of B cell involvement in the pathogenesis of RA‐associated IP.
Applying incremental tree induction to retrieval from manuals and medical texts
Authors: White Kieran J. , Sutcliffe Richard F. E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Decision Tree Forest (DTF) is an architecture for information retrieval that uses a separate decision tree for each document in a collection. Experiments were conducted in which DTFs working with the incremental tree induction (ITI) algorithm of Utgoff, Berkman, and Clouse (1997) were trained and evaluated in the medical and word processing domains using the Cystic Fibrosis and SIFT collections. Performance was compared with that of a conventional inverted index system (IIS) using a BM25‐derived probabilistic matching function. Initial results using DTF were poor compared to those obtained with IIS. We then simulated scenarios in which large quantities of training data were available, by using only those parts of the document collection that were well covered by the data sets. Consequently the retrieval effectiveness of DTF improved substantially. In one particular experiment precision and recall for DTF were 0.65 and 0.67 respectively, values that compared favorably with values of 0.49 and 0.56 for IIS.
Formation of stable nanoparticles via electrostatic complexation between sodium caseinate and gum arabic
Authors: Ye Aiqian , Flanagan John , Singh Harjinder 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe formation of electrostatic complexes between sodium caseinate and gum arabic (GA) was studied as a function of pH (2.0–7.0), using slow acidification in situ with glucono‐δ‐lactone (GDL) or titration with HCl. The colloidal behavior of the complexes under specific conditions was investigated using absorbance measurements (at 515 or 810 nm) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In contrast to the sudden increase in absorbance and subsequent precipitation of sodium caseinate solutions at pH < 5.4, the absorbance values of mixtures of sodium caseinate and GA increased to a level that was dependent on GA concentration at pH 5.4 (pHc). The absorbance values remained constant with further decreases in pH until a sudden increase in absorbance was observed (at pH∅︁1). The pH∅︁1 was also dependent upon the GA concentration. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) data showed that the sizes of the particles formed by the complexation of sodium caseinate and GA between pHc and pH∅︁1 were between 100 and 150 nm and these nanoparticles were visualized using negative staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Below pH∅︁1, the nanoparticles associated to form larger particles, causing phase separation. ζ‐Potential measurements of the nanoparticles and chemical analysis after phase separation showed that phase separation was a consequence of charge neutralization. The formation of complexes between sodium caseinate and GA was inhibited at high ionic strength (>50 mM NaCl). It is postulated that the structure of the nanoparticles comprises an aggregated caseinate core, protected from further aggregation by steric repulsion of one, or more, electrostatically attached GA molecules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 121–133, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Structure and pH sensitivity of the transmembrane segment 3 of rhodopsin
Authors: Madathil Sineej , Furlinski Georgi , Fahmy Karim 
Published: February 2006

AbstractActivation of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) originates in ligand‐induced protein conformational changes that are transmitted to the cytosolic receptor surface. In the photoreceptor rhodopsin, and possibly other rhodopsin‐like GPCRs, protonation of a carboxylic acid in the conserved E(D)RY motif at the cytosolic end of transmembrane helix 3 (TM3) is coupled to receptor activation. Here, we have investigated the structure of synthetic peptides derived from rhodopsin TM3. Polarized FTIR spectroscopy reveals a helical structure of a 31‐mer TM3 peptide reconstituted into PC vesicles with a large tilt of 40–50° of the helical axis relative to the membrane normal. Helical structure is also observed for the TM3 peptide in detergent micelles and depends on pH, especially in the C‐terminal sequence. In addition, the fluorescence emission of the single tyrosine of the D(E)RY motif in the TM3 peptide exhibits a pronounced pH sensitivity that is abolished when Glu is replaced by Gln, demonstrating that protonation of the conserved Glu side chain affects the structure in the environment of the D(E)RY motif of TM3. The pH regulation of the C‐terminal TM3 structure may be an intrinsic feature of the E(D)RY motif in other class I receptors, allowing the coupling of protonation and conformation of membrane‐exposed residues in full‐length GPCRs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82:329–333, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharide‐rich particulate organic waste
Authors: He Pin‐Jing , Lü Fan , Shao Li‐Ming , Pan Xiu‐Jiang , Lee Duu‐Jong 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHydrolysis of organic particulates in rapid fermentative processes can be inhibited. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) released during fermentation reduce pH. Whether VFA or the drop in pH inhibits hydrolysis is unclear. The effects of pH and acetate on the enzymatic hydrolysis of a potato sample that contains both carbohydrate and protein were studied at fixed pH (5–9) in the presence/absence of 20 g/L of acetate. Experimental results showed that the effects of pH and acetate on the hydrolysis of carbohydrate differed from those on the hydrolysis of protein. Numerous kinetic models fitted the hydrolysis data obtained during the first 40 h of hydrolysis when inhibitory effects were insignificant. The Chen‐Hashimoto model was used herein to fit the hydrolysis data obtained during 144 h of reaction. Also, the non‐competitive inhibition model of three inhibitors (H+, OH−, total/undissociated/dissociated acetate) successfully described the inhibition of the hydrolysis of both carbohydrate and protein. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Erten Şener Derya , Gönenç Aymelek , Akıncı Melih , Torun Meral 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of all cancers. The aim of this study is to examine oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with breast cancer by evaluation of the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation products as malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxide and to investigate the relationship between these parameters, oxidative stress and serum lipids and lipoproteins. In our study, serum TAC, MDA, lipid hydroperoxide, HDL‐cholesterol, VLDL‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), albumin and uric acid levels of 56‐breast cancer patients in different clinical stages and 18 healthy women were determined. Significantly lower‐levels of TAC were detected in patients with breast cancer in comparison to controls (2.01 ± 0.01 mmol/l and 2.07 ± 0.03 mmol/l, respectively, p < 0.05). Serum MDA levels of the patients were higher compared to the controls (3.64 ± 0.25 µM and 2.72 ± 0.22 µM, respectively, p < 0.05). No significant difference between lipid hydroperoxide levels of patients and controls was found (0.33 ± 0.05 µM and 0.32 ± 0.01 µM, respectively, p > 0.05). These data show that lower TAC and higher MDA levels i.e. increased oxidative stress may be related to breast cancer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effect of cerebrocrast on rat brain ischaemia induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries
Authors: Brīede Janïna , Duburs Gunárs 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is accompanied by several cardiovascular complications including atherosclerosis, cerebral ischaemia and stroke. We examined the neuroprotective effect of a 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivative cerebrocrast (C, a new antidiabetic agent, synthesized in the Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis) on the level of ATP in the brain, and on changes of the EEG and ECG, as well as blood pressure parameters in anaesthetized Wistar male rats before and during 10‐min occlusion of both common carotid arteries. Cerebrocrast was administered i.v. at doses of 1.0 and 10 µg/kg in the v. femoralis 20 min prior to ischaemia. After 10‐min ischaemia animals were decapitated and the brain was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and subsequently used for analysis of changes of ATP contention.Cerebrocrast, administered at doses of 1.0 and 10 µg/kg 20 min prior to occlusion of both common carotid arteries, completely prevented a fall in the ATP content of brain compared with the control rats. In control rats the content of ATP in brain during ischaemia decreased from 2.77 ± 0.22 (basal level) to 1.74 ± 0.20 µmol/g as a result of ischaemia. By administration of cerebrocrast 20 min before occlusion of the arteries, the content of ATP in the brain remained at the level of preischaemia (1.0 µg/kg C + ischaemia 2.82 ± 0.36; 10 µg/kg C + ischaemia 2.42 ± 0.22 µmol/g). Analysis of EEG parameters both before and during 10 min of occlusion showed that at a C dose of 1.0 µg/kg before occlusion produced a regular alpha rhythm during ischaemia and prevented cerebral bioelectric activity from significant changes. The depression of basal rhythm was observed at a C dose of 10 µg/kg during ischaemia in two rats out of six as well as an increase in the ECG ST segment above the isoelectric line. Blood pressure was decreased by about 10–20 mm Hg.We propose that pretreatment of rats with cerebrocrast at doses of 1.0 or 10 µg/kg 20 min prior to ischaemia can prevent ischaemic damage of rat brain, maintain necessary energy consumption, promote ATP production in brain cells, and prevent significant changes in EEG and ECG parameters. These properties are important in diabetes mellitus and its evoked cardiovascular complications as stroke, ischaemia, etc. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The α‐to‐β Conformational Transition of Alzheimer's Aβ‐(1–42) Peptide in Aqueous Media is Reversible: A Step by Step Conformational Analysis Suggests the Location of β Conformation Seeding
Authors: Tomaselli Simona , Esposito Veronica , Vangone Paolo , van Nuland Nico A. J. , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. , Guerrini Remo , Tancredi Teodorico , Temussi Piero A. , Picone Delia 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCurrent views of the role of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptide fibrils range from regarding them as the cause of Alzheimer's pathology to having a protective function. In the last few years, it has also been suggested that soluble oligomers might be the most important toxic species. In all cases, the study of the conformational properties of Aβ peptides in soluble form constitutes a basic approach to the design of molecules with “antiamyloid” activity. We have experimentally investigated the conformational path that can lead the Aβ‐(1–42) peptide from the native state, which is represented by an α helix embedded in the membrane, to the final state in the amyloid fibrils, which is characterized by β‐sheet structures. The conformational steps were monitored by using CD and NMR spectroscopy in media of varying polarities. This was achieved by changing the composition of water and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). In the presence of HFIP, β conformations can be observed in solutions that have very high water content (up to 99 % water; v/v). These can be turned back to α helices simply by adding the appropriate amount of HFIP. The transition of Aβ‐(1–42) from α to β conformations occurs when the amount of water is higher than 80 % (v/v). The NMR structure solved in HFIP/H2O with high water content showed that, on going from very apolar to polar environments, the long N‐terminal helix is essentially retained, whereas the shorter C‐terminal helix is lost. The complete conformational path was investigated in detail with the aid of molecular‐dynamics simulations in explicit solvent, which led to the localization of residues that might seed β conformations. The structures obtained might help to find regions that are more affected by environmental conditions in vivo. This could in turn aid the design of molecules able to inhibit fibril deposition or revert oligomerization processes.
A CD14 Domain with Lipopolysaccharide‐Binding and ‐Neutralizing Activity
Authors: Voss Söhnke , Welte Stefan , Fotin‐Mleczek Mariola , Fischer Rainer , Ulmer Artur J. , Jung Günther , Wiesmüller Karl‐Heinz , Brock Roland 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe interaction of lipopolysaccharide with CD14 plays a key role in signaling that activates an early defense against pathogens but also contributes to the development of sepsis and septic shock. Here we have mapped the entire 356‐amino‐acid protein with synthetic 20‐amino‐acid peptides and have identified a new lipopolysaccharide‐binding domain with a strong LPS‐neutralizing activity. Moreover, analysis of the structure–activity relationship of this peptide, which corresponds to amino acids 81–100 of human CD14, revealed that leucines 87, 91, and 94 are essential for these activities. The functional relevance of these residues was confirmed by cellular expression of mutant CD14 proteins that are no longer able to bind LPS. Furthermore, the peptide provided a basis for the generation of highly soluble analogues with stronger lipopolysaccharide‐neutralizing activity.
Determination of Operating Conditions for Controlled Batch Cooling Crystallization
Authors: Yang G. , Louhi‐Kultanen M. , Sha Z. , Kallas J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn batch cooling crystallization, the supersaturation courses, obtained at different operating conditions, directly influence the crystallization kinetics. Therefore, the product sizes obtained strongly depend on the operating conditions. In order to control the supersaturation level during batch processes, a cooling model was introduced which included the seeding conditions, cooling rate, batch time, and crystallization kinetics. The cooling profiles, which maintain the different constant levels of supersaturation, were, therefore, predicted by numerically solving the model equation. Furthermore, the mean product sizes, obtained with the different specified cooling profiles, were simulated using the mass balance and the moment transformation of the population balance. Based on the simulation results, the relationship between the operating conditions, the supersaturation level, and product size was established. Hence, a strategy to select the appropriate operating conditions, in order to meet the required mean product size, was demonstrated. The results highlight that, by using the developed strategy, the batch cooling crystallization can be operated at optimal conditions, e.g., short batch time, slow cooling rate, or low seed loading. A potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) system was selected for the case study.
Raman Spectroscopy – A Powerful Tool for the Quantitative Determination of the Composition of Polymorph Mixtures: Application to CaCO3 Polymorph Mixtures
Authors: Dandeu A. , Humbert B. , Carteret C. , Muhr H. , Plasari E. , Bossoutrot J. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is an ideal method for identifying polymorphs, because it provides excellent fingerprint spectra specific to each crystal structure. Currently, Raman spectroscopy is successfully used for the quantitative polymorphic analysis of calcium carbonate only in the case of binary mixtures. When a third polymorph is present in the mixture, errors in the quantitative determination increase due to the difficulty in discriminating the different phases in the Raman spectra. In the present work, a new method is developed for mixtures containing more than two polymorphs and tested in the case of vaterite, aragonite, and calcite mixtures of different compositions. It is proved that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful, accurate, and reliable technique for quantitative determination of polymorph mixtures of calcium carbonate. The method can be used for other compounds exhibiting multiple polymorphs.
Utilization of Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement in the Control of Crystal Size Distribution in a Batch Cooled Crystallizer
Authors: Barthe S. , Rousseau R. W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractControlling crystal size distribution (CSD) is important to downstream processing and to product quality. The distribution can be characterized by a mean or dominant size and the spread about the mean or dominant size. The development of tools leading to the control of the distribution in a batch crystallizer is the main topic of the present study. An experimentally based control scheme was implemented for batch cooling crystallization of paracetamol from ethanol solutions. Estimates of the CSD in the batch crystallizer were obtained by applying a model of the octahedral paracetamol crystals to a chord length distribution (CLD) obtained from focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and Lasentec software. The model estimates showed reasonably good agreement with results obtained from sieve analyses performed at the end of the runs.
Factors Affecting Metal Removal in Mixed Sulfide Precipitation
Authors: Lewis A. , Swartbooi A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSulfide precipitation of nickel and cobalt was investigated in three reactors: batch, seeded fluidized bed with an aqueous sulfide source, and bubble column with a gaseous sulfide source. In terms of metal removal and settling rate, the sulfide system is more efficient than either hydroxide or carbonate. In the batch system, the kinetics of the nickel and cobalt sulfide precipitation reactions are first order in metal and sulfide concentrations. Metal removals of approximately 90 % were achieved, but when excess sulfide was used the removals decreased, probably due to the formation of aqueous polysulfide species. In the fluidized bed, significant fines were measured, due to homogeneous nucleation and attrition. It was concluded that this reactor configuration is not suitable for these very high supersaturation levels. Using a gaseous sulfide source reduced the supersaturation and the measured metal removal improved.
Validation of a Model for Multiple Agglomeration
Authors: Cameirão A. , Espitalier F. , David R. , Rouleau L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA two‐step agglomeration model is developed for the crystallization of a zeolite. It accounts for the crystallization of crystallites from the amorphous phase and the subsequent growth and agglomeration processes. The model explains the morphology of agglomerates with multiple structures, which were obtained. When porosity of the secondary agglomerates is introduced in the model, the agreement with experimental data is largely improved.