bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Frequency Vibroisolation Mounting of Power Plants for New Generation Airplanes with Engines of Extra-High by-Pass Ratio
Authors: Baklanov Viatcheslav S. 
Published: December 2008

Compliance of aircraft with new noise standards defines the tendency to switch to extra-high bypass ratio engines. Substantial noise redistribution has occurred in the aircraft of the new generation. While jet noise has been reduced dramatically, the engine still remains the basic source of noise, which is a fan noise. In the forward hemisphere, beside the discrete components at fan blade frequency, long row of discrete components has been observed around the principal blade frequencies as result of shockwave influence. This phenomenon is called “buzz-saw noise”. Fan shaft frequency reduction is one of the necessary measures for shockwaves control. Due to the decrease of frequency, the vibration spectrum shifts towards the low-frequency range. Such components will determine dynamical impact spectrum of power plant, transmitted through mounting to the airframe construction. An airframe typically possesses dozens of oscillation modes in the low-frequency spectrum part. Interaction of some of them with the influence of power plant may generation of discrete low-frequency high-level noise components in cabin. We have designed a new low frequency attachment containing built-in elastic elements with non-linear characteristics and with quasi-zero stiffness zone at proof load by cruise mode.
Germinal-Center T-Helper-Cell Markers PD-1 and CXCL13 Are Both Expressed by Neoplastic Cells in Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Yu Hongbo , Shahsafaei Aliakbar , Dorfman David M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Gene expression profiling identified genes uniquely expressed by human germinal-center T-helper (GCTh) cells, including programmed death-1 (PD-1) and CXCL13. Recently, we demonstrated that PD-1 is an immunophenotypic marker of GCTh cells and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). The goal of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of CXCL13 in comparison with PD-1. We studied 63 cases of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, including 22 cases of AITL. In cases of AITL, PD-1+ and CXCL13+ neoplastic cells were seen at foci of expanded CD21+ follicular dendritic cell networks. CXCL13 expression was limited in other peripheral T-cell lymphomas. PD-1 and CXCL13 identified germinal-center T-helper cells, showed a similar pattern of expression in AITL, and should serve as useful new markers for AITL. The similar pattern of expression of CXCL13 and PD-1 in AITL provides further evidence that AITL is a neoplasm derived from germinal-center T-helper cells.
A bcr3/Short Form PML-RARα Transcript in an Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Resulted From a Derivative Chromosome 17 Due to Submicroscopic Insertion of the PML Gene Into the RARα Locus
Authors: Wang Huan-You , Ding Jiantao , Vasef Mohammad A. , Wilson Kathleen S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. Submicroscopic insertion of RARα into PML, resulting in PML-RARα from derivative chromosome 15, has been rarely reported. Herein, we describe a functional PML-RARα transcript from the long arm of derivative chromosome 17 in a patient with microgranular APL. The conventional karyotype showed normal chromosomes 15 and 17. It is interesting that interphase and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridizations demonstrated a fusion signal on the long arm of one chromosome 17 homolog, with both PML and RARα still present on chromosomes 15 and 17, respectively, although the signal on one chromosome 15 was weaker, indicating partial loss of the PML gene. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction revealed a transcript corresponding to a break cluster region 3 (bcr3) short form PML-RARα. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an APL with a bcr3/short form PML-RARα transcript generated from derivative chromosome 17 due to submicroscopic insertion of the PML gene into the RARα locus.
Evidence-Based Criteria to Help Distinguish Metastatic Breast Cancer From Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma on Thoracic Frozen Section
Authors: Herbst Jonathon , Jenders Robert , McKenna Robert , Marchevsky Alberto 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The distinction between primary lung adenocarcinoma and metastatic breast carcinoma in patients with a history of breast cancer is difficult by frozen section (FS) analysis. Our experience with 129 FSs from 121 patients with a pulmonary nodule and a history of breast cancer was reviewed. The pretest odds ratio of primary pulmonary carcinoma/metastatic breast carcinoma was 2.6. The incidence of 12 histopathologic features was assessed in a “training set” composed of 20 FSs, 10 with primary lung adenocarcinoma and 10 with metastatic breast cancer. A differential diagnosis model composed of significant pathologic features that favor the diagnosis of primary lung adenocarcinoma (acini, lepidic growth, nuclear pseudoinclusions, and scar) or metastatic breast carcinoma (comedonecrosis, solid nests, trabecular architecture, and cribriform growth) was identified. The external validity of this model was successfully tested by challenging 19 pathologists and trainees with a test set of 20 unknown FSs, supporting the clinical applicability of the diagnostic model.
Lack of Clinical Usefulness of Das-1 Monoclonal Antibody and Mucin Expression as Risk Markers of Gastric Carcinoma in Patients With Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Forné Montserrat , Fernández-Bañares Fernando , González-Mínguez Clarisa , Casalots Jaume , Poblet-Mas Núria , Garcia-Gil L. Jesús , Esteve Maria , Rosinach Mercè , Espinós Jorge , Loras Carme , Salas Antonio , Viver Josep M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of the monoclonal antibody Das-1 as a premalignant marker of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) associated with gastric cancer and its association with mucin expression.
We evaluated Das-1 and mucin expression in 4 groups: 1 (n = 50), gastric carcinoma, paired samples of the cancer area and GIM away from the tumor; 2 (n = 25), gastric or duodenal ulcer with Helicobacter pylori infection with GIM and chronic gastritis; 3 (n = 25), H pylori–autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis with GIM; and 4 (n = 25), H pylori–chronic gastritis without GIM.
Das-1 immunostaining was observed in 20 (40%) of 50 cases in cancer areas. The expression of Das-1 in GIM from group 1 cases away from the cancer area was different from that in GIM from nontumor cases (groups 2 and 3): 13 (26%) of 50 vs 2 (8%) and 0 (0%) of 25 (P = .004). There was no association between Das-1 and mucin expression.
Das-1 expression was associated with GIM from patients with gastric cancer. However, this relation was weaker than previously reported, precluding clinical usefulness as a premalignant marker of GIM.
Small B-Cell Neoplasms With Typical Mantle Cell Lymphoma Immunophenotypes Often Include Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias
Authors: Ho Albert K. , Hill Sally , Preobrazhensky Sergey N. , Miller Mark E. , Chen Zhong , Bahler David W. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are CD5+ small B-cell neoplasms (SBCNs) with overlapping features. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping is often used to help differentiate CLL from MCL, and a characteristic CLL phenotype is considered essentially diagnostic. However, previous studies have not specifically examined how well a typical MCL immunophenotype distinguishes MCL from CLL. We identified 28 cases of SBCN with typical flow cytometry–determined MCL immunophenotypes consisting mostly of peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated that 57% (16/28) had t(11;14) translocations consistent with MCL, while 32% (9/28) lacked t(11;14) translocations but harbored other cytogenetic abnormalities commonly found in CLL. There were no significant morphologic or immunophenotypic differences between the t(11;14)-positive and t(11;14)-negative cases. Our findings suggest that many blood-based SBCNs with typical MCL immunophenotypes likely represent cases of phenotypically atypical CLL, which would have important clinical implications.
Determinants of the Acute-Phase Protein C-Reactive Protein in Myocardial Infarction Survivors: The Role of Comorbidities and Environmental Factors
Authors: Rückerl Regina , Peters Annette , Khuseyinova Natalie , Andreani Mariarita , Koenig Wolfgang , Meisinger Christa , Dimakopoulou Konstantina , Sunyer Jordi , Lanki Timo , Nyberg Fredrik , Schneider Alexandra 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP), a sensitive marker of the acute-phase response, has been associated with future cardiovascular endpoints independently of other risk factors. A joint analysis of the role of risk factors in predicting mean concentrations and variation of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) in serum has not been carried out previously.
Methods: We used data from 1003 myocardial infarction (MI) survivors who had hsCRP measured monthly up to 8 times and multivariate mixed effects statistical models to study the role of time-variant and -invariant factors on the geometric mean of and the intraindividual variation in hsCRP concentrations.
Results: Patients with ≥6.5% glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) had 26.2% higher hsCRP concentrations (95% CI, 7.2%–48.6%) and 20.7% greater variation in hsCRP values (P = 0.0034) than patients with lower baseline Hb A1c values (&lt;6.5%). Similar but less pronounced differences were seen in patients with a self-reported diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. hsCRP concentrations showed less variation in patients who reported angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, or emphysema (−11.0%, −24.9%, and −41.6%, respectively, vs patients without these conditions) but greater variation in males and smokers (+24.8% and +27.3%, respectively, vs females and nonsmokers). Exposures in the 24 h before blood sampling, including exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol consumption, and extreme stress, did not have a major impact.
Conclusions: One or 2 hsCRP measurements may not be sufficient to adequately characterize different patient groups after MI with similar precisions. We found hsCRP concentrations to be especially variable in males, smokers, and patients with increased Hb A1c values.
Auditors' Affirmations of Compliance with IFRS around the World: An Exploratory Study*
Authors: Nobes Christopher W. , Zeff Stephen A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTIt is widely believed that international financial reporting standards (IFRS) have been adopted in many countries, at least for the consolidated reporting of listed companies. However, in nearly all cases, what the rules require is some national or supranational version of IFRS. This might create problems for investor confidence and comparability. We examine what companies and auditors report concerning compliance with IFRS, focusing on the first full year of IFRS reporting by companies in the stock market indices of four major European countries and Australia. We find that, even when companies were complying with IFRS, they were generally not saying so, which seems to miss part of the point of the 35‐year project on international harmonization. In a small number of cases, auditors provided dual reports: on full IFRS in addition to the mandated reference to national GAAP where the latter corresponds with full IFRS. These cases were found only in Germany and the United Kingdom, and mainly related to companies that filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as foreign private issuers. We propose explanations for the general lack of dual reports and for the exceptions. We call for widespread adoption of dual reporting where a plain report on IFRS is not yet possible.
The Relationship between Fair Value, Market Value, and Efficient Markets*
Authors: Milburn J. Alex 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes that an assumption of reasonable market efficiency is at the essence of the relevance of fair value for financial reporting purposes. The paper's examination of this proposal begins with a review of recent academic literature on market efficiency, and on evidence of inefficiencies and their implications for the ability of the efficient market hypothesis to explain what market prices represent. It concludes that there is wide acceptance in this literature that a reasonable level of efficiency can generally be presumed to exist in active, well‐regulated capital markets.The paper examines the essential attributes of a reasonably efficient market for fair value measurement purposes, and some basic implications for its reliable estimation. This is done in comparison with the provisions of the fair value measurement standard of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (Statement of Financial Accounting Standards [SFAS] No. 157). It is concluded that the concept of reasonable market efficiency could provide a sound conceptual framework for defining fair value that is founded in real, observable market prices. It is demonstrated that, in contrast, SFAS No. 157 does not provide a clear, unequivocal concept of fair value, and that it permits estimates of fair value that have no demonstrable basis in real, observable market prices. Nevertheless, it appears that arguments typically put forward by the International Accounting Standards Board and the FASB for the relevance of fair value for financial reporting purposes do imply a presumption of reasonably efficient markets.
Voluntary Disclosure of Good and Bad Earnings News in a Low Litigation Setting*
Authors: Sinnadurai Philip T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThis study uses a historical setting in which expected litigation costs were low (i.e., Australia, from 1993 to 1996) to investigate whether companies with good news were more likely to preempt annual earnings than their counterparts with bad news. Empirical tests compare the probability of preemption conditional on having good news with the probability of preemption conditional on having bad news. The models control for other potential determinants of disclosure policy that have been documented in the literature. The results do not support the research hypothesis that companies with good news were more likely to preempt annual earnings than companies with bad news. This finding suggests that there may be other factors driving disclosure of bad news, in addition to those acknowledged in the extant literature. The evidence also indicates that in Australia during the investigation period, the probability of preemption was positively associated with firm size and analyst following and differed as a function of industry membership.
Horizontal transfer of boron by the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) after feedingon treated wood
Authors: Gentz Margaret C. , Grace J. Kenneth , Mankowski Mark E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The goal of the present study was to determine whether Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers exposed to boron-treated wood were capable of transferring quantifiable amounts of boron to non-exposed nestmates. This effect is called horizontal transfer. Borates are not repellent to termites, nor do they cause rapid mortality, making them excellent candidates for the study of horizontal transfer. In the present study, C. formosanus workers were collected from field colonies maintained in Honolulu, Hawaii and dyed with Sudan Red 7B over a 7-day period. These termites then underwent a 3-day exposure period to one of two types of composite board, either an experimental formulation of zinc borate and anhydrous boric acid or an untreated composite board. Treated termites were placed with an equal number of untreated termites for either 5 or 10 days; sham-dyed donors and recipients were used to control for possible effects of the dye. Horizontal transmission of boron and toxic effects were assessed based on termite wet weight, percent survival, and boron content. Horizontal transfer of boron was noted at both 5 and 10 days over those levels reported in untreated, field-caught termites from the same colony (ca. 7 μg boron g-1 termites). After 5 days, boron content was elevated in both dyed donor and recipient termites (ca. 92 and 38 μg boron g-1 dyed termites, respectively), as well as in undyed donors and recipients (ca. 84 and 30 μg boron g-1 undyed termites). The same pattern was observed after 10 days in both dyed donor and recipient termites (ca. 61 and 46 μg boron g-1, respectively) and undyed donor and recipient termites (59 and 24 μg boron g-1, respectively). Increased boron content of recipient termites after exposure to donor termites (fed on treated wood) demonstrated horizontal transfer of boron.
Acoustic wood tomography on trees and the challenge of wood heterogeneity
Authors: Schubert Sandy , Gsell Daniel , Dual Jurg , Motavalli Masoud , Niemz Peter 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The assessment of tree stability requires information about the location and the geometry of fungal decay or of a cavity in the interior of the trunk. This work aims at specifying which size of decay or cavity can be detected non-destructively by acoustic wood tomography. In the present work, the elastic waves that propagate in a trunk during a tomographic measurement were visualized by numerical simulations. The numerical model enabled to systematically investigate the influence of fungal decay on tomographic measurements neglecting the heterogeneity of wood. The influence of wood heterogeneity was studied in laboratory experiments on trunks. The experiments indicated that the waveforms of the measured signals are by far more sensitive to the natural heterogeneity of trunk wood than the travel times, thereby making waveforms unsuitable for decay detection. Thus, it is recommended to further develop the travel time inversion algorithms for trunks and to neglect the information in waveforms or amplitudes. Fungal decay is detectable if the influence of the decay is distinguishable from the influence of the heterogeneity. It was found from the numerical analysis that the cross-section of a cavity, which is larger than 5% of the total cross-section of the trunk, can be detected by acoustic wood tomography.
Oxidative modifications of cellulose in the periodate system – Reduction and beta-elimination reactions 2nd ICC 2007, Tokyo, Japan, October 25–29, 2007
Authors: Potthast Antje , Schiehser Sonja , Rosenau Thomas , Kostic Mirjana 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The conversion of cellulose to dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) by treatment with aqueous periodate was studied by the CCOA method, which is a combination of gel permeation chromatography and carbonyl-selective fluorescence labeling. The beta-alkoxy-elimination reaction under alkaline conditions was used as a diagnostic tool to address the regioselectivity of the oxidation at low degrees of conversion. The oxidation proceeded by random oxidant attack; cluster-like or isolated oxidation patterns were excluded. The beta-alkoxy-elimination proceeded as a competitive process during reduction of DAC by sodium borohydride. Reduction was thus inevitably accompanied by a significant loss in molecular weight. The borohydride treatment decompacted the molecules by reducing the aldehyde groups and destroying hemiacetal crosslinks. As a result, highly flexible chains were produced.
Regulation of Surfactant Protein B Gene Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Cells
Authors: Field-Corbett Ciara , English Karen , O'Dea Shirley 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
While investigating the differentiation potential of bone marrow-derived cells, we previously demonstrated upregulated expression of the lung-related surfactant protein B (SP-B) gene in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) when they were cocultured with macerated lung tissue. During coculture, HPCs differentiated toward a dendritic-like myeloid cell phenotype (hematopoietic progenitor cell-derived dendritic-like cells [HPC-DCs]). However, immature dendritic cells (iDCs) cocultured under identical conditions did not express SP-B mRNA before or after coculture. We have now further examined the regulation of SP-B expression in HPC-DCs and iDCs. Of the transcription factors involved in SP-B gene expression, neither cell type expressed TTF-1, HNF3α, or HNF3β, but both cell types expressed Sp1 and Sp3. Sp1 binding to the SP-B promoter was investigated in these cells. Three novel Sp1 binding motifs were identified in the mouse SP-B promoter. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, it was demonstrated that Sp1 was bound to all three sites in HPC-DCs after coculture with lung tissue, but not in iDCs. We hypothesized that although genes from multiple lineages may be active in HPCs, gene silencing events, such as methylation, may subsequently occur to suppress expression of these genes in more mature myeloid cells, such as iDCs. Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine resulted in expression of the SP-B gene in iDCs. These data indicate that tissue-specific transcription factors are not required to express the lung-related gene SP-B in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Furthermore, silencing events, such as methylation, may occur to suppress lung-related gene expression as progenitor cells become committed toward more mature hematopoietic cell phenotypes.
Lineage-Negative Bone Marrow Cells Protect Against Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Alexandre Cristianne Silva , Volpini Rildo Aparecido , Shimizu Maria Heloísa , Sanches Talita Rojas , Semedo Patricia , di Jura Vera Lúcia , Câmara Niels Olsen , Seguro Antonio Carlos , Andrade Lúcia 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Progressive renal failure continues to be a challenge. The use of bone marrow cells represents a means of meeting that challenge. We used lineage-negative (Lin−) cells to test the hypothesis that Lin− cell treatment decreases renal injury. Syngeneic Fischer 344 rats were divided into four groups: sham (laparotomy only, untreated); Nx (five-sixth nephrectomy and untreated); NxLC1 (five-sixth nephrectomy and receiving 2 × 106 Lin− cells on postnephrectomy day 15); and NxLC3 (five-sixth nephrectomy and receiving 2 × 106 Lin− cells on postnephrectomy days 15, 30, and 45). On postoperative day 16, renal mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 was lower in NxLC rats than in Nx rats. On postnephrectomy day 60, NxLC rats presented less proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, anemia, renal infiltration of immune cells, and protein expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, as well as decreased interstitial area. Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen showed that, in comparison with sham rats, Nx rats presented greater cell proliferation, whereas NxLC1 rats and NxLC3 rats presented less cell proliferation than did Nx rats. Protein expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and of vascular endothelial growth factor increased after nephrectomy and decreased after Lin− cell treatment. On postnephrectomy day 120, renal function (inulin clearance) was significantly better in Lin− cell-treated rats than in untreated rats. Lin− cell treatment significantly improved survival. These data suggest that Lin− cell treatment protects against chronic renal failure.