bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution computerized color transformation of real‐time gray scale ultrasound images
Authors: Toma Sameh K. , Seeds John W. , Cefalo Robert C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContemporary real‐time ultrasound images are constructed of graduated shades of gray. The practical range of echo contrast than can be depicted is therefore limited. The use of color as well as intensity would potentially increase the amount of information available and possibly augment tissue texture contrast. Previous efforts to color encode ultrasound images have not been of adequate visual resolution, and have not produced simultaneous or real‐time results. Described and illustrated here is a microcomputer‐based system that successfully produces high‐resolution simultaneous real‐time pseudocolor transformation of real‐time ultrasound images. The system accepts the composite video output in any ultrasound machine, and the specific color scheme may be chosen to suit the operator. It is proposed that such color enhancement improves visual clarity of fine fetal anatomy by highlighting tissue–tissue contrast and tissue–fluid interfaces.
Sonographic appearance of occipital fetal hair
Authors: Petrikovsky Boris M. , Vintzileos Anthony M. , Rodis John F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic characteristics and the frequency of the presence or absence of fetal hair in the occipital region was determined from 16 weeks to 42 weeks of menstrual age. Our results suggest that the ultrasonic appearance of occipital hair is first noted at approximately 24 weeks of menstrual age and there is a progressive increase in frequency of hair presence as pregnancy approaches term. The normal ultrasonic characteristics of occipital fetal hair are described, and the differential diagnoses between normal fetal hair and malformations such as meningocele, encephaloceles, or cystic hygromas is discussed.
Abdominal ultrasonography versus transvaginal scanning: Accuracy in follicular development evaluation and prediction for oocyte retrieval in stimulated cycles
Authors: Bonilla‐Musoles F. , Pardo G. , Perez‐Gil M. , Serra V. , Pellicer A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbdominal and vaginal sonographic monitoring were compared in 45 patients undergoing follicular development for the purposes of artificial insemination (N = 22) and in vitro fertilization (IVF; N = 23). Transvaginal sonography recorded a significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of follicles from cycle day 10 on, compared to the abdominal (sector and linear) approach. Starting on day 8, the size of the dominant follicle was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher when transvaginal endosongraphy was used. The number of follicles >15 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration was correlated with the number of oocytes retrieved in patients undergoing IVF. There was a significant linear correlation when transvaginal (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) and sector (r = 0.57, p < 0.05) scans were used.
Sonographic detection of the fetal pancreas
Authors: Hill Lyndon M. , Peterson Carol , Rivello Dawn , Hixson Joyce , Belfar Hanae L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the fetal stomach utilized as a general marker, targeted‐imaging of the fetal abdomen was initiated to locate the pancreas. Overall, the pancreas was seen in 77 of 149 cases (51.7%). Menstrual age and the position of the fetus were significant factors in determining the frequency of pancreatic visualization.
The intrauterine hernatorna: Diagnostic and clinical aspects
Authors: Mandruzzato G. P. , D'Ottavio G. , Rustico M. A. , Fontana A. , Bogatti P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐two cases of intrauterine hematoma (IUH) with a live fetus have been described. This condition was found in 11% of cases that presented with bleeding in early pregnancy. The rate of spontaneous abortion in this series was 12.9%, similar to that observed in cases of threatened abortion without observable hematoma. Spontaneous abortion and delivery rate before 35 weeks of pregnancy were correlated with the calculated volume of the hematoma. Fetal growth retardation seemed to be increased after observation of IUH, especially when the placenta was located on the posterior uterine wall. Uterine malformations and myomas were likely to represent a predisposing factor for IUH.
The impact of sonography on the management of extratesticular abnormalities of the scrotum
Authors: Yeager Bradford A. , Arger Peter H. , Mintz Marshall C. , Grumbach Kathryn , Coleman Beverly G. , Arenson Ronald L. , Riesch Deborah 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of scrotal sonography performed in a recent one‐year period (1987) were retrospectively reviewed to assess the role of sonography in the management of patients with extratesticular abnormalities. The study included 226 examinations performed in 204 men. In extratesticular abnormalities, scrotal sonography confirms the clinical impression of the referring physicians, monitors the progress of conservative treatment, and guides the surgical approach. Patients with sonographically classic cystic extratesticular abnormalities rarely come to surgery. Those with complicated cystic abnormalities are usually followed clinically but have a higher incidence of surgery. Those with solid‐appearing echogenic abnormalities usually have surgical removal.
The size of the renal pelvis on ultrasonography in children
Authors: Tsai Tsuen‐Chiuan , Lee Hung‐Chang , Huang Fu‐Yuan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighty‐seven patients and 60 normal children were studied to determine the upper limit of the renal pelvic size in children and its relation to disease and age. The renal pelves were all measured by ultrasonography. Further radiologic examinations were performed on the disease group to confirm the final diagnosis. We found that a 10 mm diameter was the upper limit of the normal renal pelvis. Second, measuring the renal pelvic size on an ultrasonogram was highly reliable in diagnosing obstructive uropathy (100% sensitivity, 90.3% specificity). However, when the ultrasonogram with the 10 mm criterion was the sole diagnostic measure, many nonobstructive hydronephroses cases (26/37) were misdiagnosed. Therefore, other diagnostic tools should be employed. Third, the size of the renal pelvis was not influenced by age in children.
Ultrasonographic follow‐up of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Zoli Marco , Cordiani Maria Rita , Marchesini Giulio , Abbati Simonetta , Bianchi Giampaolo , Pisi Emilio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were prospectively used to study 100 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis. After a period of 20 months to 55 months, 21 patients had died, 23 were lost at follow‐up, and 56 patients were reevaluated. In the patients who died during follow‐up, the entry liver volume, measured by means of the hepatic volumetric index, was lower as compared to the 56 cirrhotics who survived. During the study period, liver volume significantly decreased to values similar to those observed, at entry, in patients who died. Moreover, esophageal varices increased in size, and the splanchnic veins enlarged. Abdominal ultrasonography provides data regarding the natural history of liver cirrhosis, which might be used, in addition to tests of liver function and endoscopy, as prognostic factors in cirrhotic patients.
Effect of the pretest probability of intrauterine growth retardation on the predictiveness of sonographic estimated fetal weight in detecting IUGR: A clinical application of Bayes' theorem
Authors: Simon Nicolas V. , Surosky Bruce A. , Shearer David M. , Levisky John S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour hundred and five women with singleton pregnancies and fetal age determination by crown‐rump length were classified on the basis of their prenatal clinical findings into four risk categories for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), defined as a neonatal weight below the 10th percentile of age‐dependent birth weight distribution curve. The incidence of IUGR in these four groups were 3.5% (very low risk), 20.6% (low risk), 49.6% (intermediate risk), and 88.0% (high risk). Severe growth retardation (birth weight <2.5th percentile) increased from 0% to 76.0% as the incidence of IUGR increased throughout the risk groups. The effect of these pretest risks on the prediction of severe IUGR by sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) was evaluated. The positive predictive value of the test, as well as the probability of having a growth‐retarded infant after a normal EFW was obtained were considerably higher when the pretest probability of IUGR increased. In the very low risk group, the probability of severe IUGR was negligible regardless of the EFW. When the EFW was <10th percentile of our age‐dependent EFW curve, the probability of severe IUGR in the other risk groups was high enough to warrant fetal well‐being surveillance and for timely interruption of gestation as appropriate. However, when the pretest probability was high, the risk of severe IUGR in spite of an EFW within the 10th percentile to 90th percentile remained sufficient to require fetal well‐being surveillance as well. The study shows that placing ultrasound results in the context of the pretest risk of IUGR may improve clinical decision making in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation.
Acceleration time in cerebral arteries of preterm and term infants
Authors: van de Bor Margot , Walther Frans J. , Sims Maureen E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe measured the acceleration times in the pericallosal, internal carotid, and basilar arteries with two‐dimensional/pulsed Doppler ultrasonography in 145 nondistressed preterm and term infants between 24 and 48 hours after birth. In all three arteries we found a linear relationship between the acceleration time and menstrual age or birth weight. These findings were determined by changes in peak systolic flow velocity, but not by changes in mean arterial blood pressure or cardiac output. We speculate on an important role for cerebral autoregulation in the acceleration time variations between newborn infants of differing menstrual ages and birth weights.
Transvaginal sonographic technique: Targeted organ scanning without resorting to “planes”
Authors: Rottem Shraga , Thaler Israel , Goldstein Steven R. , Timor‐Tritsch Ilan E. , Brandes Joseph M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe orientation of the sonographer performing a transvaginal scan is currently based on a concept of anatomical planes, which is customary in transabdominal sonography. We challenge this concept and propose a different approach altogether based on focusing on target organs rather than anatomic planes. The problem of orientation in transvaginal sonography stems from the following: (1) There is a very short distance between the relatively high‐frequency transvaginal transducer‐probe and the scanned area; a close‐up image is generated encompassing a single organ or only part of it. (2) The scanning angle is initially perpendicular to that of abdominal sonography. (3) Transvaginal sonography is an endocavitary dynamic scanning technique. According to the experience in our department (30,000 examinations during the past 4 years) and in two other medical centers, best results from the transvaginal ultrasonographic examination are achieved when the operator searches for every specific organ as the main target, without resorting to pelvic “planes.” The guidelines for targeted organ scanning and the associated change in orientation are reported together with the limitations. Targeted organ scanning without resorting to “planes” helps the operator to resolve the problem of orientation during the transvaginal ultrasonographic examination, and to simplify the procedure to a great extent.
Criteria for Transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Rottem Shraga , Thaler Israel , Levron Jacob , Peretz Bezalel A. , Itskovitz Joseph , Brandes Joseph M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransvaginal ultrasonography was performed in 1150 patients suspected of having an ectopic gestation. The criteria for transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy were established by targeted scanning of the pelvic organs and spaces. Sonographic assessment of tubal pregnancy and its differential diagnosis were based on six criteria: (1) the presence or absence of gestational structures within the fallopian tube, (2) the presence or absence of amorphous material in a dilated fallopian tube, (3) the presence or absence of indirect signs of ectopic pregnancy within the pelvis, (4) the echogenicity of a suspected finding relative to the ovary, (5) the presence or absence of flow (of lacunar origin) within the suspected sonographic finding, and 16) the relationship of a suspected sonographic sign to an intentionally displaced ovary. The latter 3 criteria help differentiate between tubal gestation and a corpus luteum. We believe these diagnostic criteria should be applied when performing transvaginal sonographic scanning of patients suspected of having an ectopic gestation.
The uterus: A new look with transvaginal sonography
Authors: Lewit N. , Thaler I. , Rottem S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTargeted scanning of the uterus and its adjacent structures is made possible by high‐resolution transvaginal sonography. A systematic approach is applied so that the normal anatomy and abnormal processes in the various uterine components can be visualized. By adopting this method we detected various pathologies in the cervix, endometrium, myometrium, and in the uterine vessels and ligaments. Cervical pathology included inflammatory processes, cysts, malignant lesions, and incompetence during pregnancy. By scanning the endometrium, a reflection of the hormonal status of the patient under both normal (e.g., the menstrual cycle) and abnormal conditions may be obtained. More sinister lesions, such as endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, can be suspected based on the sonographic appearance of the endometrium. In hydatiform mole, a typical bnographic picture directs the sonographer to the diagnosis. Uterine fibroids are the most common lesion of the corpus uteri, and are readily detected by transvaginal sonography, including any degenerative changes that may complicate this condition. Changes in uterine size, particularly when accompanied by profuse intracavitary fluid, should raise the suspicion of a malignant process. Intracavitary fluid may also be associated with inflammatory lesions (e.g., tuberculosis). Congenital uterine anomalies may be diagnosed and defined by this method. Uterine ligaments are best visualized in the presence of fluid in the pelvis. Intraligamentary masses can be also be detected and defined. Finally, the main vessels supplying the uterus can be visualized, both in pregnant and nonpregnant patients. Using a transvaginal image‐directed Doppler system, flow velocity profiles can be obtained from these vessels and form the basis for defining abnormalities in uterine perfusion.
Classification of ovarian lesions by high‐frequency transvaginal sonography
Authors: Rottem Shraga , Levit Nathan , Thaler Israel , Yoffe Nechemia , Bronshtein Moshe , Manor Dorit , Brandes Joseph M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo hundred patients suspected of having ovarian pathology were scanned with a 6.5‐MHz transvaginal probe. Normal anatomical structures and abnormal findings were recorded and classified according to their shape, size, location, and sonographic characteristics. The sonographic images were correlated with the surgical findings, whenever available. A sonographic classification of ovarian lesions was compiled according to the presence or absence of the following sonographic components: septae, papillae, loculatione, daughter cysts, solid mass, or fluid, and their relationship to malignancy.
Assessment of female urinary incontinence by introital sonography
Authors: Koelbl H. , Bernaschek G. , Deutinger J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy the use of a vaginal sector scanner, placed to the vaginal introitus (introital sonography), we studied the static and dynamic function of the urethrovesical region in patients with genuine stress incontinence and detrusor instability. Patients with genuine stress incontinence (n = 25) revealed either an increase of the retrovesical angle or the angle of inclination associated with a descent of the bladder neck during coughing. Opening of the bladder neck during cystometry, showing an increase of the detrusor pressure, was observed in patients with motor urge incontinence (n = 10). Application of the technique is recommended in patients with stress incontinence undergoing surgery for objective intraoperative assessment of successful reformation of the urethrovesical junction, irrespective of the surgical procedure. Compared with radiologic techniques, introital sonography has many advantages with no radiation exposure and with minimal inconvenience to the patient.
Color Doppler sonography of portocaval shunts
Authors: Ralls Philip W. , Lee Kevin P. , Mayekawa Donald S. , Boswell William D. , Radin D. Randall , Colletti Patrick M. , Halls James M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNine patients who had undergone end‐to‐side portocaval shunts were assessed using a sector real‐time color Doppler sonography system. Shunt patency was demonstrated in 8 of 9 patients by detection of color‐coded flow within the portal vein, in the anastomotic region, and in the inferior vena cava adjacent to the shunt. Color flow could not be detected in 1 patient. This patient had no evidence of shunt compromise. Spectral Doppler studies were also performed in these patients and flow was demonstrated in all 8. In these instances, information available with color Doppler imaging allowed visualization of the shunt even when it had not been apparent on preliminary real‐time grey‐scale imaging.This study, which does not assess accuracy, nevertheless suggests that color flow Doppler sonography may prove useful in assessing patients with portocaval shunts.
Normal volume of the thyroid gland in children
Authors: Ueda Daisuke 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study has attempted to establish normal values for the pediatric thyroid gland volume. The real‐time ultrasound images of the thyroid gland in 300 healthy children were prospectively analyzed to determine the normal thyroid gland volume. The volume was calculated assuming each lobe of the thyroid gland to be a prolate ellipsoid. The thyroid gland volume was correlated with height, weight, body surface area, and age. Mean thyroid gland volume as a function of height was obtained. No significant difference was observed between males and females in each height group.
Prediction of brain blood flow using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography in newborn lambs
Authors: Martin Christopher G. , Hansen Thomas N. , Goddard‐Finegold Jan , Leblanc Adrian , Giesler Mark E. , Smith Sherilyn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of pulsed Doppler ultrasonography to predict brain blood flow by comparing measurements made in basal cerebral arteries using a pulsed Doppler system with measurements of brain blood flow using radioactive microspheres in lambs. We measured the instantaneous maximum velocity during peak systole and end diastole and the mean velocity over the pulse cycle in baisal cerebral arteries, calculated Pourcelot's index of resistance and Gosling's pulsatility index, and used regression analysis to compare the pulsed Doppler measurements with brain blood flow measured with radioactive micro‐spheres.Pulsed Doppler measurements of the peak systolic, end diastolic, and mean flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries were directly related to brain blood flow. In contrast, no linear relationship was detected between the resistance or pulsatility indices and brain blood flow measured by microspheres (p > 0.14). Prediction of brain blood flow for individual subjects lacks the quantitative precision necessary for use as a clinical tool. However, the direct relationship between brain blood flow and the peak systolic, end diastolic, and mean flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries supports the use of these measurements in clinical research for the qualitative assessment of change in brain blood flow.
Transcranial doppler ultrasonography versus arteriography for assessment of the vertebrobasilar circulation
Authors: Mull Michael , Aulich Albrecht , Hennerici Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe investigation of the vertebrobasilar arterial system by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is difficult due to the numerous anatomical variations in the posterior circulation. To test the validity of TCD, we compared topographic measurements from vertebrobasilar angiograms and corresponding TCD findings in 58 patients with cerebrovascular diseases (N = 37, 21 affecting the vertebrobasilar system), brain tumors (N = 8), and other neurological diseases (N = 13). Normal TCD recordings of the vertebrobasilar system were confirmed by the angiograms in 25 patients, although the noninvasive method failed to separate morphologic variants (N = 15). In patients with pathological conditions of the vertebrobasilar system revealed by either method (N = 17), the combined use of both hemodynamic and radiomorphologic methods improved the diagnostic validity in 24%. We conclude that TCD examination of the posterior fossa circulation provides unambiguous results only if used in combination with cerebral arteriography.
The contribution of sonography to the measurement of intra‐abdominal fat
Authors: Armellini Fabio , Zamboni Mauro , Rigo Laura , Todesco Tiziana , Bosello Ottavio , Bergamo‐Andreis Ivo Andrea , Procacci Carlo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study was conducted on a group of 50 obese females with a mean body mass index of 39 ± 16, aged 19 years to 60 years, in order to determine if sonography could be adopted as a direct means for measuring intra‐abdominal fat deposits. Adipose tissue evaluation was performed by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (using 3.5‐MHz and 5‐MHz probes) at the L4 level. CT intra‐abdominal fat area (VAT) and ultrasonography visceral thickness from abdominal muscle to aorta were the values mainly considered. Ultrasonographic intra‐abdominal thickness correlated well with VAT (r = 0.669, p < 0.001), supporting the hypothesis that ultrasonography could be useful in the direct evaluation of intra‐abdominal fat deposits.
Sonographic patterns of the affected spleen in malignant lymphoma
Authors: Goerg C , Schwerk W. B. , Goerg K , Havemann K 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonographic examination showed spleen involvement in 43 patients with histological evidence of malignant lymphoma. In 23% of these cases the spleen was of normal size and 77% exhibited variable splenomegaly. Focal lesions could be seen in 27 patients, 16 exhibiting diffuse, small‐nodule transformation of the sonographic parenchymal texture. Hodgkin lymphomas caused both focal (7 of 16) and diffuse (9 of 16), splenic lesions. All non‐Hodgkin lymphomas of high‐grade malignancy exhibited focal lesions, which are larger than 3 cm in diameter in 11 out of 13 patients. In non‐Hodgkin lymphomas of low‐grade malignancy, focal sites and diffuse destruction of splenic tissue texture were found, lesions of under 3 cm in diameter (11 of 13) being characteristic of this subtype.
Male genital tract malformations associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis: Sonographic findings
Authors: Trigaux Jean‐Paul , Van Beers Bernard , Delchambre Francis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen male patients with ultrasonographic evidence of an internal genital anomaly associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis are presented. The abnormalities consist of seminal vesicle agenesis in 4, seminal vesicle cyst in 3, Wolffian duct remnant in 2, and Mullerian duct remnant in 1. Such developmental defects are due to a primary anomaly of the mesonephros. Due to its capability of visualizing the lumbar and pelvic regions simultaneously, ultrasonography appears to be the first‐choice imaging modality for the screening of such genitourinary developmental malformations.