bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus Enteritis in Pigs
Authors: Coussement W. , Ducatelle R. , Charlier G. , Hoorens J 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Experimental transmissions were done with adenovirus strain 6618 in hysterectomy-produced colostrum-deprived pigs. After an incubation period of 3 to 4 days, all inoculated animals had diarrhea. Histopathologically, many intranuclear inclusion bodies were present on short villi of the terminal parts of jejunum and ileum. With electron microscopy, the inclusion bodies were observed to contain numerous adenovirus particles. Immunoperoxidase-positive cells were seen on short villi of the terminal parts of jejunum and ileum. Adenovirus particles also were detected by negative staining of intestinal contents.
In 1 pig (naturally occurring infection), adenovirus enteritis was studied by the aforementioned techniques. Similar intestinal lesions as described in the experimental pigs were observed.
Influence of Outdoor Winter Environment on the Course of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Kopecky K. E. , Pugh G. W. , McDonald T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of environmental conditions on the onset, severity, and duration of Moraxella bovis infection and subsequent clinical disease was studied. Twelve calves were used; 6 were maintained under usual isolated experimental conditions (inside), and 6 were kept under normal feedlot conditions (outside) during the winter (−20 to +15 C). The cattle housed inside had a higher infection rate, a milder disease, and longer duration of infection than did the cattle kept outside. Seemingly, the stress of the cold weather caused a more severe disease of shorter duration.
Staining Characteristics of Colonies of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in Dermacentor andersoni Stiles
Authors: Oberst Richard D. , Kocan Katherine M. , Hair Jakie A. , Ewing S. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Colonies of Anaplasma marginale Theiler were studied in midgut epithelial cells of adult Dermacentor andersoni Stiles that were infected as nymphs. The colonies were demonstrated in plastic sections (1 μm) and frozen sections (6 μm) with Mallory’s stain. Colonies were also demonstrated in frozen sections, using direct fluorescent antibody technique. Colonies were not observed in plastic or frozen sections stained by the Giménez method. In all preparations, the colonies were usually found near the basement membrane of the midgut tissue.
Induction of Immunologic Memory by a Lipopolysaccharide-Protein Complex Isolated from Fusobacterium necrophorum: Cellular Response
Authors: Hodges G. F. , Regan K. M. , Foss C. L. , Teresa G. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The ability of a lipopolysaccharide protein (lps-p) complex extracted from Fusobacterium necrophorum to establish immunologic memory in BALB/c mice splenocytes was demonstrated. The lps-p molecule differed from the phenol water-extracted lps because it contained approximately 12% protein. Initial experiments showed that primary and secondary spleen plaque-forming cell (pfc) responses to iv or im injections of lps-p were highly dose-dependent. Suitable primary doses stimulated significant(P < 0.05) amounts of direct and direct+indirect pfc by postinoculation day (pid) 14 and primed the mice for an enhanced secondary response to smll booster injections. When mice were inoculated with a suitable primary im dose of aluminum hydroxide-precipitated lps-p, significant amounts of direct and direct+indirect pfc were detectable through pid 120. Moreover, significant enhancement of these values was attained with an iv booster injection at pid 105. Primary iv inoculation with lps-p produced similar results, although the primary response was not as persistent.
Anthelmintic Efficacy of Ivermectin Given Intramuscularly in Horses
Authors: DiPietro J. A. , Todd K. S. , Lock T. F. , McPherron T. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The anthelmintic activity of ivermectin was evaluated in 18 female horses with naturally acquired parasitic infections. Horses were treated once (im) with vehicle only (n = 6), 200 μg/kg of body weight (n = 6), and 300 μg/kg (n = 6).
Efficacy of both dosages of ivermectin was > 99% against Gasterophilus spp, 100% against Trichostrongylus axei, Habronema muscae, H majus, and Draschia megastoma, 98% to 99% against adult cyathostomes, 86% to 97% against 4th-stage cyathostomes, and 100% against adult large strongyles. Although ivermectin was incomplete in its activity against arterial stages of Strongylus vulgaris, it was effective against microfilariae of Onchocerca spp. Adverse local or systemic reactions were not observed due to treatment with ivermectin.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Bovine Immunoglobulin G2
Authors: Srikumaran S. , Guidry A. J. , Goldsby R. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Spleen cells from Balb/cJ mice inoculated with bovine immunoglobulin (Ig)G were hybridized with hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine-sensitive nonsecreting cell line SP-2/0, and the hybrid cell culture fluid was tested for specificity. Hybrid cells secreting monoclonal antibodies to bovine IgG were isolated and recloned. The monoclonal antibody DAS 2 was specific for bovine IgG2 by an indirect solidphase radioimmunoassay. This clone was adapted for growth as antibody-secreting neoplasms in Balb/cJ mice, the sera from which contained high titers (1:128,000) of anti-bovine IgG2 antibodies. Antibody specific to bovine IgG2 was isolated by affinity chromatography. This antibody was shown by Ouchterlony analysis to be mouse IgG1 with the κ light chain. On isoelectric focusing, this antibody gave a pattern that was consistent with monoclonality.
Malignant Catarrhal Fever in an Indian Gaur and Greater Kudu: Experimental Transmission, Isolation, and Identification of a Herpesvirus
Authors: Castro A. E. , Daley G. G. , Zimmer M. A. , Whitenack D. L. , Jensen J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Herpesviruses were isolated in bovine cell cultures from buffy coat cells obtained from an Indian gaur (Bos gaurus) and a greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) with clinical signs of the head and eye form of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). Both animals were from herds housed in a zoologic park in Oklahoma. Serial transmission of the head and eye form of mcf was accomplished by using whole blood from the gaur into a Hereford-Angus heifer, then whole blood from the heifer into a Holstein calf, and finally, whole blood from the calf into a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). A herpesvirus was isolated in bovine cell cultures inoculated with buffy coat cells from the heifer, and 2 deer inoculated with this herpesvirus developed the head and eye form of mcf. A deer inoculated with whole blood from the greater kudu also developed clinical signs of mcf, and a herpesvirus was subsequently recovered from the deer. Clinical signs of mcf included a mucopurulent catarrh, pyrexia (38.8 to 42.1 C), anorexia, and corneal opacity, and death occurred between postinoculation days 15 and 21.
Viral isolates from the gaur, kudu, heifer, and white-tailed deer were identified morphologically as herpesviruses by electron microscopy. Each viral isolate produced a cytopathic effect in bovine cell culture which was characterized by the formation of syncytia and intranuclear inclusions. In bovine cells, the cytopathic effect of the viral isolates obtained from the gaur and kudu was inhibited by antisera to the African strain of mcf virus. Immunofluorescence specific for mcf virus was found in bovine cells inoculated with herpesvirus isolated from each of 4 species. Serologic, morphologic, and cytopathic characteristics of the virus isolated from each species indicated that each viral isolate was related to the herpesvirus identified as the wildebeest-derived (African) strain of mcf virus.
Radiologic Observations of Gastric and Small Intestinal Motility in Suckling Pigs
Authors: Wood A. K. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The passage of a single oral dose of barium sulfate through the stomach and small intestine of 18 pigs (1 to 21 days of age) was studied. In a series of lateral radiographs, the stomach had a smooth oval appearance, filling the cranial third of the abdomen. Barium mixed rapidly with the milk clot in the stomach immediately after swallowing and became distributed throughout the stomach (except for the diverticulum, which contained gas). Barium passed into the duodenum by postdosing minute (pdm) 3 in 1 pig, and by pdm 10 in 11 pigs. In 32 experiments in 17 pigs, gastric emptying of barium was complete by pdm 100 in 91% of the experiments, whether or not the pigs had suckled the sow. Suckling also did not influence the time taken for barium to reach the large intestine (by pdm 360 in 12 pigs). When a hyperosmolar contrast medium (diatrizoate meglumine) was given instead of barium sulfate to 10 pigs, gastric emptying was delayed (it was not complete by up to pdm 218), but the small intestine filled rapidly (the contrast medium reached the cecum by pdm 218).
Plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Hirsh Dwight C. , Martin Lori D. , Libal Melissa C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, isolated from the lungs of a pig, was resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfadiazine. This isolate, SD-1, possessed 1 plasmid (pVM105) coded for resistance to ampicillin and sulfadiazine, and the other (pVM104) for resistance to streptomycin and sulfadiazine. A 2nd isolate of H pleuropneumoniae, SD-2, recovered from a pig in a different outbreak of porcine pleuropneumonia, was resistant to streptomycin and sulfadiazine. These resistance determinants were on 1 plasmid (pVM106).
All 3 plasmids were nontransmissible and small (pVM105 = 3.6 × 106 daltons, pVM104 and pVM106 = 2.3 × 106 daltons).
The basis for resistance to ampicillin, encoded on plasmid pVM105, was due to a β-lactamase. This β-lactamase was highly active on penicillin G and ampicillin, moderately active on cephalothin, and inactive on oxacillin, indicating a TEM type of β-lactamase.
Acute aflatoxicosis in swine: Clinical pathology, histopathology, and electron microscopy
Authors: Miller Doris M. , Crowell Wayne A. , Stuart Barry P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Feeder pigs weighing 12 to 15 kg each were given a single oral dose of aflatoxin, 1.2 mg/kg of body weight. Liver-specific serum enzyme activities were compared with gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural hepatic changes in individual pigs euthanatized at 24, 48, and 72 hours after they were given aflatoxin. The greater the morphologic change in liver of the treated pigs, the greater the increase in liver-specific serum enzyme activities. Isocitric dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities increased in 6 of 8 treated pigs by 24 hours. Increase in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was not significant.
Microscopic and ultrastructural changes in centrilobular hepatocytes included glycogen depletion, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum swelling, membrane disruption, and nuclear fragmentation at 24 hours. The centrilobular areas had marked extravasation of erythrocytes at 24 hours without basal lamina changes. At 72 hours, the centrilobular hepatocytes had increased lipid vacuoles and acceptable amounts of glycogen. Marked infiltrations of monocytes, plasma cells, and lymphocytes were also present at this time.
Effect of bambermycins on quantity, prevalence, duration, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium in experimentally infected broiler chickens
Authors: George Beverly A. , Fagerberg Diane J. , Quarles Carey L. , Fenton Janine M. , McKinley Geoffrey A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty broiler chickens were fed bambermycins (Flavomycin; an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces) at the rate of 3 g/ton (US) for 63 days, and 20 control birds were fed nonmedicated feed. The birds were inoculated (dosed) on the 10th and 11th feeding day with Salmonella typhimurium. The study evaluated the effects of bambermycins on Salmonella incidence, shedding, and antimicrobial resistance. Bambermycins had no effect on body weights, duration of shedding of salmonellae, number of salmonellae shed on postdosing day 3, tissue recoverability of salmonellae, and total number of resistance patterns. Bambermycins resulted in the decrease of salmonellae to be more gradual; however, both treatments were comparable at the end of the study. The majority of S typhimurium from bambermycins-treated birds maintained the original antibiogram of streptomycin, sulfadiazine, and nalidixic acid. The salmonellae isolated from the control birds were more resistant to 2 drugs (varying antibiograms). Bambermycins as a feed additive in broiler diets given at the dose level of 3 g/ton had no detrimental effects based on salmonellae shedding and antimicrobial resistance.
Trace elements status of fetuses from ewes fed a copper-deficient ration
Authors: Hidiroglou M. , Williams C. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tissue samples were taken from 130-day-old fetuses from ewes fed a synthetic diet low in copper (Cu), a Cu-supplemented synthetic diet, or a roughage diet adequate in Cu content. The fetal liver and kidney Cu concentrations were substantially lower when the dams were fed the Cu-deficient ration than when they were fed the Cu-supplemented ration or natural diet. Differences between dams’ rations in Cu concentrations for the other 3 fetal tissues (spleen, heart, and lung) were small. Differences among groups in fetal tissue iron concentrations were not significant at the P > 0.05 level. Concerning zinc concentrations, there were significant interactions between dams’ diets and fetal tissues, mainly attributable to differences between rations in liver, heart, and kidney zinc levels.
For manganese, the difference among dams’ rations and among fetal tissues were significant at the 1% level, but the interactions of ration × tissue were also significant. Heart and spleen manganese concentrations were substantially higher in the fetuses from dams given Cu-deficient diet than in fetuses from dams fed Cu-adequate diet.
Lymphocyte subpopulations of the goat: Isolation and identification
Authors: Banks Keith L. , Greenlee Anne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Experiments were designed to identify and isolate goat monocytes and lymphocytes. Leukocytes were obtained from peripheral blood, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Thymocytes lacked surface immunoglobulin (Ig) detectable by immunohistochemical techniques and receptors for complement or Ig. A majority of the thymocytes and nylon-wool purified blood T lymphocytes bound peanut agglutinin (pna). However, a distinct minority of the T lymphocytes lacked receptors for pna. The pna nonreactive lymphocytes represented a greater portion of the cells of the spleen and lymph nodes, suggesting that caprine T lymphocytes may be placed in pna reactive and nonreactive subpopulations. Lymphocytes with complement and Ig receptors and surface Ig were detected in the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes. These cells met the criteria for caprine B lymphocytes. The B lymphocytes were enriched by immunocytoadherence techniques followed by isopyknic centrifugation, and the portion of pna reactive cells decreased as the number of B lymphocytes increased.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in cattle vaccinated and medicated against Moraxella bovis before parturition
Authors: Pugh G. W. , Kopecky K. E. , Kvasnicka W. G. , McDonald T. J. , Booth G. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A vaccination and prophylactic treatment study for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) was conducted on selection line purebred Hereford and recombination mixed-breed cattle. In February, prepartum cows were allotted to 4 groups: group 1—mixed-breed cows vaccinated with a formalin-killed trivalent Moraxella bovis bacterin; group 2—Hereford cows vaccinated and treated with tylosin; group 3—Hereford cows treated with tylosin; and group 4—mixed-breed cows neither vaccinated nor treated (controls). Groups 2 and 3 were pastured together > 3 km from other cattle; cattle added to groups 2 and 3 were treated before being added. group 1 and 4 cattle were pastured together; cattle added to groups 1 and 4 were not treated. cows, and subsequently their calves, were observed cursorily for clinical signs of ibk during the spring and early summer. The eyes of calves were examined in September and October 1979, and their eye secretions were examined for M bovis.
The first clinical signs pf ibk were seen in the herds in late July, and the largest percentages of acute disease were seen in mid-August. There were no significant differences (P = 0.18) in the percentages of calves that deveoped ibk, regardless of whether (or not) their dams were vaccinated. A larger percentage of the calves from tylosin-treated cows develpoed ibk than did calves from nontreated cows. The Smallest percentage of disease was seen in calves of cows that were vaccinated only, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.10). The percentages of isolations of M bovis were similar (P = 0.23) among the 4 groups of calves.
When compared on the basis of breed, the percentage of Hereford calves (62%) that developed ibk was greater than that of the mixed-breed calves (47%). When compared on the basis of color pattern, the percentages with ibk were signficantly different (p < 0.001). The percentages of ibk in calves were: red white-face (70%), black white-face (52%), black blackface with some white on body (40%), black (34%), and others (all color patterns not confroming to the to the 4 other groups; 21%). When compared on the basis of sire, the percentage of ibk in Hereford calves were significantly different (P < 0.05). The percentages of affected calves ranged from 80% to 31%; the percentages of affected eyes ranged from 67% to 22%. When compared on the basis of sire, the percentages of ibk in mixed-breed calves were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001). The percentages of affected calves ranged from 63% to 27% and the percentages of affected eyes ranged from 49% to 16%.
Detection of anti-rotavirus antibody-producing cells in paraffin-embedded tissue sections
Authors: Vonderfecht S. L. , Osburn B. I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An assay to detect anti-rotavirus antibody-producing cells was developed in rabbits. Sections of alcohol-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were used to make an immunofluorescent “sandwich” consisting of specific antibody-producing cells, a concentrated suspension of bovine rotavirus, and rhodamine-conjugated anti-rotavirus serum. Rhodamine-stained, anti-rotavirus antibody-producing cells could be simultaneously stained by a fluorescein-conjugated antiserum reactive to rabbit immunoglobulin.
Retropulsion-propulsion in equine large colon
Authors: Sellers A. F. , Lowe J. E. , Drost C. J. , Rendano V. T. , Georgi J. R. , Roberts M. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The circular and longitudinal muscle coats of equine “midcolon” were found to be directly electrically coupled. They appear to act in concert, in healthy animals, as a pacemaker in the area of the large colon pelvic flexure, for retropulsive-propulsive myoelectrical events. The retropulsive events keep the cecum and right ventrical and left ventrical divisions of the colon filled, imposing a delay time for fermentation of cellulose and for bacterial protein synthesis. Point-to-point involvement of adjacent colon sections was slowed by cooling the intestinal contents with no adverse clinical signs.
Diminution of the blood flow to this regulatory area was achieved in 12 weanling foals (raised parasite-free) by parasitic cranial mesenteric arteritis, using Strongylus vulgaris larvae. Four of the 12 developed clinical signs of abdominal pain, but on necropsy 3 of these 4 had no gross lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Dissociation of the left ventral and left dorsal colon divisions, as regards intraluminal pressure events and their antecedent myoelectrical action potentials, was induced in 7 of 8 adult animals given an acaricide which under field conditions is associated with progressive large colon obstruction and colic.
Bluetongue virus in pregnant elk and their calves
Authors: Stott J. L. , Lauerman L. H. , Luedke A. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two pregnant North American elk (Cervus canadensis), in the 3rd and 4th months of gestation, were inoculated with bluetongue (bt) virus (btv) serotype 11. The virus was not isolated from the blood of the cows beyond postinoculation day (pid) 8, but was isolated from bone marrow and spleen samples obtained at necropsy on pid 190. Although neither cow had overt clinical signs of bt infection, fluctuations in specific neutralizing btv antibody titers indicated viral replication. However, in 2 attempts, btv was not recovered biologically via bites of colonized Culicoides variipennis (biting gnats) with subsequent transmission of the btv to sheep.
Bluetongue virus was isolated from the elk calves at birth and before they nursed. These calves remained latently infected, and btv was transmitted from each calf to sheep by bites of the biting gnats. Most of the btv biological recovery attempts resulted in suspicious bt clinical responses in sheep, but without viral isolation. However, after challenge exposure with the homologous virus, 5 of 7 recipient sheep bitten by the gnats reacted with an intensified bt clinical response that indicated viral sensitization. One calf was born weak, never attained a healthy appearance, was latently infected with btv, and had fluctuating btv neutralizing antibody titers. The other calf was in apparently good health, was latently infected with btv, and was immunologically tolerant to btv.
Transfer of drug resistance and enterotoxin production in porcine Escherichia coli strains and relationship between K88 antigen and raffinose (melitose) fermentation
Authors: de Lopez Aura G. , Kadis Solomon , Shotts Emmett B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To obtain an indication of the frequency of drug resistance together with enterotoxin production in a select group of porcine E coli strains, those enterotoxigenic strains that were resistant to specific antimicrobial agents were mated as donors with nonenterotoxigenic E coli strains that were sensitive to these drugs as recipients. Seven of the 17 strains tested transferred drug resistance by direct mating. These 7 strains also transferred drug resistance following mobilization. The frequency of recipient conversion was increased following mobilization, as compared with the frequency of conversion resulting from direct mating. In 2 of these strains, enterotoxin production was transferred together with drug resistance. Eight strains transferred drug resistance only after mobilization, and in 2 of these, enterotoxin production was transferred simultaneously with resistance to the antimicrobial agents. In 2 of the 17 strains tested, neither transfer of drug resistance nor transfer of enterotoxin production could be achieved by direct mating or after mobilization.
Thirty-nine porcine E coli strains were tested for K88 antigen production and raffinose (melitose) fermentation with a view toward determining whether raffinose fermentation could be used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of the K88 antigen. In 11 of the K88-positive strains tested, only 7 fermented raffinose. In the remaining 28 K88-negative strains, 17 fermented raffinose. Consequently, no meaningful correlation existed between these 2 properties of porcine enterotoxigenic E coli strains.