bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of humidity and surface roughness on direct wafer bonding
Authors: Persson B. N. J. , Mate C. Mathew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bodies made from elastically stiff material usually bind very weakly unless the surfaces are flat and extremely smooth. In direct wafer bonding flat surfaces bind by capillary bridges and by the van der Waals interaction, which act between all solid objects. Here we study the dependency of the work of adhesion on the humidity and surface roughness in hydrophilic direct wafer bonding. We show that the long-wavelength roughness (usually denoted waviness) has a negligible influence on the strength of wafer bonding (the work of adhesion) from the menisci that form from capillary condensation of water vapor.

Graphic abstract
AFM surface topography for Si(100) wafer
Constraints on Einstein-dilaton Gauss-Bonnet gravity with Taiji
Authors: Luo Weilong , Liu Chang , Guo Zong-Kuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the 2030s, space-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will exhibit unprecedented sensitivity in the millihertz frequency band, greatly expanding the potential for testing theories of gravity compared to ground-based GW detectors. Inspired by effective string theory, Einstein-dilaton Gauss–Bonnet (EdGB) gravity introduces an extra dilaton scalar field that is directly coupled to higher curvature terms. Here, we investigate the capability of Taiji to constrain the parameters of EdGB gravity by analyzing GWs from massive black hole binaries (MBHBs). We utilize the parameterized post-Einsteinian (ppE) waveform with the leading order EdGB corrections for the inspiral phase of MBHBs. The constraints on the coupling constants are obtained by performing Fisher matrix analysis. With different mass ratios and spins$$\chi _i$$χiat redshifts$$z=2,3,4,5$$z=2,3,4,5, the$$1\sigma $$1σbounds on the parameter$$\alpha $$αhave the same order of magnitude:$$\sqrt{\alpha }\sim 10^7$$α∼107m.
Guano e burguesia nacional no Peru: 1840-1880
Authors: Megale Januário Francisco 
Published: April 2024

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Nosso objetivo neste pequeno estudo é mostrar a sociedade peruana na época do Guano em sua composição de classes e estrutura de poder. Procuramos descrever e analisar o surto do guano e suas consequências para a economia e política peruanas. Reconhecemos de antemão nossa limitação sobre o tema, o que torna este estudo um tanto geral, não precisando este ou aquele ponto relevante para uma análise histórico-estrutural do referido período.
A contribuição de Gilberto Freyre em Casa Grande e Senzala para o estudo da sociedade brasileira: o papel da cultura africana
Authors: Mourão Fernando Augusto Albuquerque 
Published: April 2024

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Casa Grande e Senzala marcou época na história do pensamento brasileiro, quer pelo seu pioneirismo, quer pelas amplas sugestões que oferece ao pesquisador. Uma vez que a obra, que tem merecido várias edições nacionais e estrangeiras, vem, de longa data, sendo objeto de análises mais ou menos sistemáticas, pretendemos identificar as sugestões nela contidas e as examinar em função de um tempo novo, dentro de uma perspectiva temporal. Partindo da hipótese da existência de uma especificidade da cultura brasileira, de uma síntese em elaboração no devir da história, pretendemos recolocar o problema do papel representado pela contribuição da cultura africana a esta síntese em plena elaboração no “novo mundo”.
resenha do livro: O Egito antigo - coleção Saber Atual
Authors: Mello Maria Martha Pimentel de 
Published: April 2024

resenha do livro:
VERCOUTTER (Jean). — O Egito Antigo. Coleção "Saber Atual", tradução de Francisco G. Heidemann. São Paulo. Difusão Européia do Livro. 1974, 121 páginas. 1 mapa fora do texto, 1 ilustração de hieróglifos, 1 volume nº 164 (12 x 18.5 cms). Título do original francês: L'Egypte Ancienne (Col "Que sais-je?", nº 247).
(1º parágrafo da resenha)
A Coleção "Saber Atual" consegue realizar tarefa relevante, publicando obras de valor científico, numa apresentação despretenciosa e usando uma linguagem simples capaz de satisfazer o grande público, e, ao mesmo tempo atender o especialista sequioso de uma síntese científica e objetiva somente possível através de uma exposição didática.
resenha do livro: A Daughter of Han: The Autobiography of a Chinese Working Woman (From the Story Told Her by Ning Lao T'ai-t'ai)
Authors: Zaratin Terezinha Naked 
Published: April 2024

resenha do livro
PRUITT, Ida. A Daughter of Han — The Autobiography of a Chinese Working Woman. (From the Story Told Her by Ning Lao T'ai-t'ai). Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1967, 254 págs.
Are Character-level Translations Worth the Wait? Comparing ByT5 and mT5 for Machine Translation
Authors: Edman Lukas , Sarti Gabriele , Toral Antonio , Noord Gertjan van , Bisazza Arianna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pretrained character-level and byte-level language models have been shown to be competitive with popular subword models across a range of Natural Language Processing tasks. However, there has been little research on their effectiveness for neural machine translation (NMT), particularly within the popular pretrain-then-finetune paradigm. This work performs an extensive comparison across multiple languages and experimental conditions of character- and subword-level pretrained models (ByT5 and mT5, respectively) on NMT. We show the effectiveness of character-level modeling in translation, particularly in cases where fine-tuning data is limited. In our analysis, we show how character models’ gains in translation quality are reflected in better translations of orthographically similar words and rare words. While evaluating the importance of source texts in driving model predictions, we highlight word-level patterns within ByT5, suggesting an ability to modulate word-level and character-level information during generation. We conclude by assessing the efficiency tradeoff of byte models, suggesting their usage in non-time-critical scenarios to boost translation quality.
Do Text Simplification Systems Preserve Meaning? A Human Evaluation via Reading Comprehension
Authors: Agrawal Sweta , Carpuat Marine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Automatic text simplification (TS) aims to automate the process of rewriting text to make it easier for people to read. A pre-requisite for TS to be useful is that it should convey information that is consistent with the meaning of the original text. However, current TS evaluation protocols assess system outputs for simplicity and meaning preservation without regard for the document context in which output sentences occur and for how people understand them. In this work, we introduce a human evaluation framework to assess whether simplified texts preserve meaning using reading comprehension questions. With this framework, we conduct a thorough human evaluation of texts by humans and by nine automatic systems. Supervised systems that leverage pre-training knowledge achieve the highest scores on the reading comprehension tasks among the automatic controllable TS systems. However, even the best-performing supervised system struggles with at least 14% of the questions, marking them as “unanswerable” based on simplified content. We further investigate how existing TS evaluation metrics and automatic question-answering systems approximate the human judgments we obtained.
Development of an Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Pathological Tumor Response Assessment After Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Wang Yichen , Zhang Wenhua , Chen Lijun , Xie Jun , Zheng Xuebin , Jin Yan , Zheng Qiang , Xue Qianqian , Li Bin , He Chuan , Chen Haiquan , Li Yuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery has become the standard of care for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and accurate pathological response assessment is critical to assess the therapeutic efficacy. However, it can be laborious and inconsistency between different observers may occur. Hence, we aim to develop an interpretable deep-learning model for efficient pathological response assessment following neoadjuvant therapy in ESCC.

Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 337 ESCC resection specimens from 2020–2021 at the Pudong-Branch (Cohort 1) and 114 from 2021–2022 at the Puxi-Branch (External Cohort 2) of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Whole slide images (WSIs) from these two cohorts were generated using different scanning machines to test the ability of the model in handling color variations. Four pathologists independently assessed the pathological response. The senior pathologists annotated tumor beds and residual tumor percentages on WSIs to determine consensus labels. Furthermore, 1850 image patches were randomly extracted from Cohort 1 WSIs and binarily classified for tumor viability. A deep-learning model employing knowledge distillation was developed to automatically classify positive patches for each WSI and estimate the viable residual tumor percentages. Spatial heatmaps were output for model explanations and visualizations.

Results
The approach achieved high concordance with pathologist consensus, with an R^2 of 0.8437, a RAcc_0.1 of 0.7586, a RAcc_0.3 of 0.9885, which were comparable to two senior pathologists (R^2 of 0.9202/0.9619, RAcc_0.1 of 8506/0.9425, RAcc_0.3 of 1.000/1.000) and surpassing two junior pathologists (R^2 of 0.5592/0.5474, RAcc_0.1 of 0.5287/0.5287, RAcc_0.3 of 0.9080/0.9310). Visualizations enabled the localization of residual viable tumor to augment microscopic assessment.

Conclusion
This work illustrates deep learning's potential for assisting pathological response assessment. Spatial heatmaps and patch examples provide intuitive explanations of model predictions, engendering clinical trust and adoption (Code and data will be available at https://github.com/WinnieLaugh/ESCC_Percentage once the paper has been conditionally accepted). Integrating interpretable computational pathology could help enhance the efficiency and consistency of tumor response assessment and empower precise oncology treatment decisions.
Multi-trait GWAS for diverse ancestries: mapping the knowledge gap
Authors: Troubat Lucie , Fettahoglu Deniz , Henches Léo , Aschard Hugues , Julienne Hanna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Approximately 95% of samples analyzed in univariate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are of European ancestry. This bias toward European ancestry populations in association screening also exists for other analyses and methods that are often developed and tested on European ancestry only. However, existing data in non-European populations, which are often of modest sample size, could benefit from innovative approaches as recently illustrated in the context of polygenic risk scores.

Methods
Here, we extend and assess the potential limitations and gains of our multi-trait GWAS pipeline, JASS (Joint Analysis of Summary Statistics), for the analysis of non-European ancestries. To this end, we conducted the joint GWAS of 19 hematological traits and glycemic traits across five ancestries (European (EUR), admixed American (AMR), African (AFR), East Asian (EAS), and South-East Asian (SAS)).

Results
We detected 367 new genome-wide significant associations in non-European populations (15 in Admixed American (AMR), 72 in African (AFR) and 280 in East Asian (EAS)). New associations detected represent 5%, 17% and 13% of associations in the AFR, AMR and EAS populations, respectively. Overall, multi-trait testing increases the replication of European associated loci in non-European ancestry by 15%. Pleiotropic effects were highly similar at significant loci across ancestries (e.g. the mean correlation between multi-trait genetic effects of EUR and EAS ancestries was 0.88). For hematological traits, strong discrepancies in multi-trait genetic effects are tied to known evolutionary divergences: the ARKC1 loci, which is adaptive to overcome p.vivax induced malaria.

Conclusions
Multi-trait GWAS can be a valuable tool to narrow the genetic knowledge gap between European and non-European populations.
Atrial fibrillation: real-life experience of a rhythm control with electrical cardioversion in a community hospital
Authors: Okhotin Artemiy , Osipov Maxim , Osipov Vasilij , Barchuk Anton 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Electrical cardioversion, a well-established part of the rhythm control strategy, is probably underused in community settings. Here, we describe its use, safety, and effectiveness in a cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation treated in rural settings.

Methods
It is a retrospective cohort study. Data on all procedures from January 1, 2016, till December 1, 2022, in Tarusa Hospital, serving mostly a rural population of 15,000 people, were extracted from electronic health records. Data on the procedure’s success, age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, previous procedures, echocardiographic parameters, type and duration of arrhythmia, anticoagulation, antiarrhythmic drugs, transesophageal echocardiography, and settings were available.

Results
Altogether, 1,272 procedures in 435 patients were performed during the study period. The overall effectiveness of the procedure was 92%. Effectiveness was similar across all prespecified subgroups. Electrical cardioversion was less effective in patients undergoing the procedure for the first time (86%, 95% CI: 82-90) compared to repeated procedures (95%, 95% CI: 93-96), OR 0.39 (95% CI: 0.26-0.59). Complications were encountered in 13 (1.02%) procedures but were not serious.

Conclusions
Electrical cardioversion is an immediately effective procedure that can be safely performed in community hospitals, both in inpatient and outpatient settings. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to investigate the rate of sinus rhythm maintenance in these patients.
Adverse birth outcome among women who gave birth at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Jejaw Melak , Teshale Getachew , Yazachew Lake , Dellie Endalkachew , Debie Ayal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
In Ethiopia, various maternal and child health interventions, including comprehensive and basic obstetric cares were conducted to curb high neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality. As such, adverse birth outcome has been a public health concern in the country. Thus, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors with adverse birth outcomes among women who gave birth at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed from 30 March to 01 May 2021 at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A total of 455 women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A binary logistic regression model was fitted Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95%CI and p-value < 0.05 were used to declare factors significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes.

Results
In this study, 28% of women had adverse birth outcomes (8.4% stillbirths, 22.9% preterm births, and 10.11% low birth weights). Women aged 20–34) (AOR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.76), rural dwellers (AOR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.06, 6.32), lack of ANC visits (AOR: 4.10, 95%CI: 1.55, 10.85), APH (AOR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.27, 7.10) and fever (AOR: 7.80, 95%CI: 3.57, 17.02) were associated to stillbirths. Multiple pregnancy (AOR:7.30, 95%CI:1.75, 20.47), rural dwellers (AOR:4.60, 95%CI:1.36, 15.52), preterm births (AOR: 8.60, 95% CI: 3.88, 19.23), previous perinatal death (AOR:2.90, 95%CI:1.35, 6.24), fever (AOR:2.7,95%CI:1.17 ,6.23) and premature rupture of membrane (AOR:2.60, 95% CI:1.02, 6.57) were affecting low birth weights. In addition, previous antepartum hemorrhage (AOR: 2.40, 95%CI: 1.37, 4.10) and fever (AOR: 3.8, 95%CI: 2.13, 6.89) were also factors contributing to preterm births.

Conclusion
Adverse birth outcomes continue to pose a significant public health concern. Such high rates of adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and birth defects, can have serious and long-lasting effects on the health and well-being of both infants and their families, and the community at large. As such, public health efforts are crucial in addressing and mitigating the risk factors associated with adverse birth outcomes. This may involve implementing interventions and policies to improve maternal health, access to prenatal care and nutritional support, and reducing exposure to environmental risks.
Metabolic difference between patient-derived xenograft model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and corresponding primary tumor
Authors: Wen Shi , Lin Xianchao , Luo Wei , Pan Yu , Liao Fei , Wang Zhenzhao , Zhan Bohan , Feng Jianghua , Huang Heguang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients-derived xenograft (PDX) model have been widely used for tumor biological and pathological studies. However, the metabolic similarity of PDX tumor to the primary cancer (PC) is still unknown.

Methods
In present study, we established PDX model by engrafting primary tumor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and then compared the tumor metabolomics of PC, the first generation of PDX tumor (PDXG1), and the third generation of PDX tumor (PDXG3) by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Then, we assessed the differences in response to chemotherapy between PDXG1 and PDXG3 and corresponding metabolomic differences in drug-resistant tumor tissues. To evaluate the metabolomic similarity of PDX to PC, we also compared the metabolomic difference of cell-derived xenograft (CDX) vs. PC and PDX vs. PC.

Results
After engraftment, PDXG1 tumor had a low level of lactate, pyruvate, citrate and multiple amino acids (AAs) compared with PC. Metabolite sets enrichment and metabolic pathway analyses implied that glycolysis metabolisms were suppressed in PDXG1 tumor, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-associated anaplerosis pathways, such as amino acids metabolisms, were enhanced. Then, after multiple passages of PDX, the altered glycolysis and TCA-associated anaplerosis pathways were partially recovered. Although no significant difference was observed in the response of PDXG1 and PDXG3 to chemotherapy, the difference in glycolysis and amino acids metabolism between PDXG1 and PDXG3 could still be maintained. In addition, the metabolomic difference between PC and CDX models were much larger than that of PDX model and PC, indicating that PDX model still retain more metabolic characteristics of primary tumor which is more suitable for tumor-associated metabolism research.

Conclusions
Compared with primary tumor, PDX models have obvious difference in metabolomic level. These findings can help us design in vivo tumor metabolomics research legitimately and analyze the underlying mechanism of tumor metabolic biology thoughtfully.
Corneal endothelial cell density and associated factors among adults at a regional referral hospital in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Namwase Shamiim , Ruvuma Sam , Onyango John , Kwaga Teddy , Ebong Abel , Atwine Daniel , Mukunya David , Arunga Simon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
To assess the prevalence of low corneal endothelial cell density and correlates of corneal endothelial cell density among adults attending Mbarara University and Referral Hospital Eye Centre in Uganda.

Methods
In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, participants 18 years and older, were enrolled. We obtained informed consent, and basic demographic data. We also conducted visual acuity, a detailed slit lamp examination, intra-ocular pressure, corneal diameter, tear-film break-up time, keratometry, A-scan, and pachymetry on all participants. A confocal microscope Heidelberg HRT3 was used to examine the central cornea and to obtain the mean cell density (cells/mm2). To calculate the proportion of low endothelial cell density, descriptive statistics were used, whereas correlates of endothelial cell density were assessed, using linear regression analyses.

Results
We evaluated a total of 798 eyes of 404 participants aged between 18 and 90 years (males = 187, females = 217). The average endothelial cell density was 2763.6 cells/mm2, and there was a decrease in endothelial cell density with increasing age, irrespective of gender. There was no significant difference in endothelial cell density between males and females. Increasing age (adjusted coefficient − 10.1, p < 0.001), history of smoking (adjusted coefficient − 439.6, p = 0.004), history of ocular surgery (adjusted coefficient − 168.0, p = 0.023), having dry eye (adjusted coefficient − 136.0, p = 0.051), and having arcus senilis (adjusted coefficient − 132.0, p = 0.08), were correlated with lower endothelial cell density. However, increasing corneal diameter (adjusted coefficient 134.0, p = 0.006), increasing central corneal thickness (adjusted coefficient 1.2, p = 0.058), and increasing axial length (adjusted coefficient 65.8, p = 0.026), were correlated with higher endothelial cell density. We found five eyes (0.63%) from different participants with a low endothelial cell density (< 1000cells/mm2).

Conclusion
Our study established baseline normal ranges of ECD in a predominantly black African population, and found that low ECD is rare in our population. The elderly, smokers, and those with past ocular surgery are the most vulnerable. The low prevalence could be due to a lack of reference values for the black African population.
Seizures in febrile children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical features, short-term follow-up
Authors: Jiang Jipeng , Shen Zhengsong , Cao Jie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
As the Omicron variant of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerges, the neurological manifestations correlated with this epidemic have garnered increasing attention. This study was primarily intended to compare seizures in febrile children with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection and to conduct short-term follow-up of the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University for fever and seizures between October 1 and December 30, 2022. Based on the results of SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR) at the time of admission, the patients were divided into a Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) positive group and a COVID-19 negative group. Aside from that, we followed up COVID-19-positive patients for 3 months after their discharge from the hospital. The follow-up included monitoring for post-discharge seizures.

Results
Compared with the COVID-19-negative group, the COVID-19-positive group had a higher proportion of seizure duration ≥ 15 min(18.7%VS5.1%;P = 0.001), seizure ≥ 2 time(54.4%VS41.0%; P = 0.024), status epilepticus(15.4%VS5.1%; P = 0.005), and Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities(29.4%VS13.6%; P = 0.016). Among the 161 individuals under follow-up, 21 (13.0%)experienced a recurrence of seizures.

Conclusions
Although the incidence of seizure duration ≥ 15 min, number of seizures ≥ 2 time, and status epilepticus was higher in the COVID-19-positive group, the majority of patients had a favorable prognosis. Nonetheless, patients with COVID-19 who present with seizures and persistent impaired consciousness need to be alerted to serious neurological disorders such as acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Owing to the consideration that some patients may experience a recurrence of seizures within a short period of time, it is paramount to provide guardians with education about the emergency management of seizures and to follow up with patients over time.