bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Romiplostim: a breakthrough treatment for the management of immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Newland Adrian 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInitially, immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was considered to be a disease of increased platelet destruction. Consequently, treatments for ITP patients were focused on reducing the destruction of platelets. However, recent research on the pathogenesis of ITP points to a role of suboptimal platelet production, and this has led to the development of new treatment options which increase platelet production such as the novel thrombopoiesis‐stimulating agent, romiplostim. In two, multicentre, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, phase III trials, romiplostim was able to increase and sustain platelet counts in both splenectomized and non‐splenectomized patients. Eighty‐three per cent (69/83) of the romiplostim‐treated patients achieved an overall platelet response compared with 7% (3/42) of patients receiving placebo (P < 0.0001; Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test controlled for splenectomy and baseline concurrent ITP therapy). Patients from the romiplostim studies, with platelet counts below 50 × 109/L, were able to enter a long‐term, open‐label, extension study. The results of the long‐term study showed that platelet counts above 50 × 109/L were maintained for ≥10, ≥25 and ≥52 consecutive weeks by 78% (102/131), 54% (66/122) and 35% (29/84) of patients, respectively. Romiplostim appears to be generally well tolerated and several patients have now been treated for more than 3 yrs. Most adverse events tend to be mild to moderate in nature. Romiplostim provides a valid treatment option that may bring about a change in the way that patients with ITP are treated in the future. Further studies are now being undertaken in paediatric patients with ITP, patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and patients with chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia.
HUMAN LOWER PREMOLARS: MACRO‐MORPHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE ONTOGENESIS OF THE ROOT COMPLEX
Authors: Carlsen Ole 
Published: February 2009

Sammenfatning (Danish summary)I det foreliggende arbejde meddeles en række makroskopiske, morfologiske iagttagelser, som forfatteren har gjort af roddannelsen på humane underkæbepraemolarer.Materialet bestod af 1712 præparater. Disse tænder var ekstraheret og indsamlet i Danmark. Indsamlingsperioden omfattede årene 1962‐67. For at blive indlemmet, i studiematerialet skulle præparaterne opfylde føgende krav: 1) roddannelsen måtte ikke være afsluttet på ekstraktionstidspunktet, eller 2) såfremt rodkomplekset på et præparat varfærdigdannet, skulle “lukningen” af apex have fundet sted umiddelbart inden ekstraktionen. Rodkomplekset skulle i øvrigt være helt eller meget nær ved “intakt”. Iagttagelserne blev foretaget direkte og meddet blotte øje.Ved undersøgelse af et ekstraktionsmateriale med henblik på rodontogenesen benytter man sig af, at dynamiske fænomener, der har betydning for roddannelsen, kan afspejle sig i de hårde tandvaev, som rodkomplekset er opbygget af. Disse processer kan derfor studeres indirekte—på grundlag af den “statiske” rodmorfologi. En forudsætning herfor er dog, at materialet udgøres af “unge” tænder, hvis rodkompleks ikke er sekundært forandret.For at vurdere den makro‐morfologiske variation i de pågældende tandtypers roddannelse blev føgende faktorer registreret:1. Antallet af separationsstrukturer (rodfurer, interradikulære tunger);2. Separationsstrukturernes position;3. Det initiale og det definitive separationstidspunkt;4. Separationshastigheden;5. Vakstmønster: kontinuært eller diskontinuært.En del af de gjorte fund er—for så vidt angår princippet—illustreret i fig. 1–26.
ELEKTROGNATHOGRAPHIE Elektronische dreidimensionale Messung und Registrierung von Kieferbewegungen
Authors: Bewersdorff H.‐J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA threedimensional measuring and recording system for mandibular movements is described, which graphically with time marking records the space‐coordinates of a measuring point, intra‐extraorrally fixed to the mandible.The apparatus, called “Electrognathograph” (E.G.) uses as electronic measuring devices resolvers, which are mounted on a movable X‐ray support. They are connected to a measuring point at the maxilla and at the mandible by 0,2 mm inoxydable steel wires. By measuring the movements of the maxilla (i.e. the movements of the head) and of the mandible and by continous electrical subtraction of the corresponding values the movements of the head are compensated for.The measuring results are continously recorded as a diagram, called “Electrognathogram” (E.G.G.), by a Visicorder‐Honeywell. In the E.G.G. the coordinates of the movements can be read off at every moment of the chewing act without any other preparatory work.By means of a “chewing”‐simulator, continously repeating the same “chewing‐cycle” and of an apparatus, producing accurate, kinetic distances, the E.G. has been tested and calibrated. Errors of the method are discussed and their effect on the results is calculated.By means of the E.G.G. of a normal patient the shape and the analysis of a chewing‐diagram is discussed.
PULPOTOMY OF PRIMARY MOLAR TEETH USING “TOVERUD'S PASTE”
Authors: Sveen Odd B. 
Published: February 2009

Summary391 pulpotomies in primary molar teeth using Toverud's paste are investigated. The study shows based on clinical and radiographic signs, an overall success rate of 61 % using this pulp dressing. The success rate is higher in the maxillary molars (74%). However, more mandibular molars are treated and at a slightly earlier age than maxillary molars. The success rate seems to decrease when the pulp wound is contaminated with saliva. The tooth retention time for the successful treatments varies from 1 year to 8 years with a mean of 2.8 years. For the unsuccessful pulpotomies the tooth retention time varies from 1 week to 4 years with a mean of 1.5 years.The results obtained using Toverud's paste is compared to the results obtained in other studies using formocresol and calcium hydroxide. The formocresol technique seems to yield a higher degree of success. The studies on the use of calcium hydroxide show variable success rates.ResumePulpaamputasjon i primære molarer med Triny pasta (“Toveruds pasta”) til dekning av såretTriny pasta, også kalt “Toveruds pasta”, har i 40 år vzrt brukt i de fleste tilfeller som dekmiddel ved vitalamputasjon i primære molarer på Barneavdelingen ved Det odontologiske fakultet i Oslo. Pastaenbestår av Xeroform 1/3, Zinkoksyd 2/3 blandet med en væske av følgende sammensetning: formalin 1,75 g, fenol 1,74 g, glycerin 8,26 g og kreosot 8,20 g. Pastaen lages til like før bruk.Indikasjon og behandling: Kun svake subjektive symptomer, vitalpulpa, ingen kliniske eller røntgenografiske tegn på affeksjon av rothinne, rot eller ben, lys farve ved blødning. Under lokal anestesi og etter tørrlegging fjernes kronepulpa og ca. I mm av rotpulpa med steril ekskavator og eller sterile bor. Etter vasking av pulpakammer med 3% H2O2 og blødningen er stanset, tørrres og pastaen appliseres forsikti gover sårene og hele den subpulpale bunn dekkes. Over pastaen legges fosfatsement eller zinkoksyd‐ eugenol sement. Hvis forholdeneikke er ideelle, forsegles en tampong fuktet med kamfer‐fenol 1:1, og pastaen appliseres etter 4–7 dager. Røntgenkontroll. Pasienten kontrolleres klinisk og røntgenografisk hvert halvår, hvis mulig, I 4–5 år fremover.I perioden 1955–1964 foreligger på avdelingen fullstendige journaler over 391 pulpaamputasjoner med ovenfor beskrevne utgangspunkt og kontroll. Behandlingen er karakterisert som vellykket når tannen harvært fri for subjektive og objektive symptomer i minst ett år. Gjennemsnitt observasjons tid er 2,8 år (1–8 år).Resultat ved klinisk og røntgenografisk bedømmelse: 61% av de 391 tilfeller viste et vellykket resultat. I overkjeven var prosenten 74 mot iunderkjeven 53. 6% av hele materialet viste intern rotresorbsjon, 16% viste interradikulær benresorbsjon og 21% viste periapikal bennedbrytning. Histologiske undersøkelser er ilrke foretat.Bruken av andre midler som Ca(OH)2 og Formo‐cresol er omtalt. De fleste publikasjoner over bruken av Ca(OH)2 viser spesielt meget høy present av intern rotresorbsjon, og er derfor lite egnet. Bruken av Formo‐cresol synes å gi best resultat.
ELEKTROGNATHOGRAPHIE Elektronische dreidimensionale Messung und Registrierung von Kieferbewegungen Teil 3 Studien über den Einfluss verschiedenartiger Faktoren auf dem Kauverlauf
Authors: Bewersdorff H.‐J. 
Published: February 2009

ZusammenfassungFür die Analyse der nach der Methode des Autors elektronisch gemessenen Kauvorgänge wurde ein Datamaschinenprogramm ausgearbeitet. Jeder Kauzyklus wurde durch eine Anzahl von Variablen beschrieben. Diese beziehen sich sowohl auf die Kieferbewegungen ausserhalb des Artikulationsbereiches als auch auf den Anteil der Kaubahnen in der funktionellen Endphase der Kautätigkeit nahe der Zentralocklusion. Desgleichen wurden verschiedene Zeitabläufe innerhalb eines Zyklus beschrieben.
Purification and some properties of dextranase from Penicillium funiculosum
Authors: BAASTAD KIRSTEN LYCHE , RØLLA GUNNAR 
Published: February 2009

Abstract— Dextranase was obtained from cultures of Penicillium funiculosum IMI 7915 and purified in a one‐step procedure by the use of iso‐electric focusing for 45 h with a pH gradient from 3–10. The enzyme was concentrated in one narrow peak at PI 4.6 and the yield was 70–90 %. The purified enzyme was homogeneous in disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, pH 9.5, showing one fast‐moving band. pH optimum for activity was 3.5‐5.5. The dextranase was stable over a wide pH‐range at low temperatures. Equilibrium centrifugation indicated a molecular weight of 55,000.. The amino acid composition showed high amounts of acidic amino acids and traces of aminosugars.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Incidence of Antisperm Antibodies in Males with Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuko , Shibahara Hiroaki , Koriyama Junko , Hirano Yuki , Okazaki Hitoaki , Minota Seiji , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: February 2009

Problem  To investigate if systemic autoimmune diseases could be one of the risk factors for developing antisperm antibodies (ASA) in males.Method of study  Antisperm antibodies in the sera of 70 males with systemic autoimmune diseases and 80 healthy controls were examined, by using the indirect‐immunobead test (I‐IBT). The sperm immobilization test (SIT) was also performed to detect sperm immobilizing antibodies to the patients who were positive in I‐IBT.Results  Among 70 males with systemic autoimmune diseases, five were I‐IBT positives, with incidence of 7.1%. However, no positives existed in 80 healthy males. Compared with the healthy controls, the incidence of ASA in males with systemic autoimmune diseases was significantly higher (P = 0.020). None of these five ASA‐positive patients had sperm immobilizing antibodies.Conclusion  The incidence of ASA in males with systemic autoimmune diseases was significantly higher than in the healthy controls. Systemic autoimmune diseases may be one of the risk factors for developing ASA in men.
The Tudor Coronation Ceremonies in History and Criticism
Authors: Hunt Alice 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe coronation was one of the most important – and scrutinised – ceremonies of a Tudor monarch's reign. Five coronations took place in sixteenth‐century England, but there is currently no comprehensive history of these ceremonies. Criticism has tended to focus on coronation processions, divorcing them from the sacred service they precede and often presenting them as exercises in royal propaganda. The story of the Tudor coronations has also been co‐opted as part of the more general history of the Protestantisation of ceremonies: the emptying out of ceremony is assumed. But the Tudor coronations remained significant throughout the sixteenth century, and their relationship with power and legitimacy troubled contemporaries far more than has been sometimes been claimed. Revisionist histories now consider continuity as well as change. They treat power as less centralised and less coherent, and recognise the persistence of the idea of sacred monarchy. As such, they demand that we look again at the coronations in all their religious, political and symbolic complexity. This article offers a brief account of the Tudor coronations and the place that state ceremonies have occupied in recent and past criticism. It also suggests how future research might build on a fresh understanding of the role of ceremonies in early modern England.
Erectile Dysfunction in End-Stage Liver Disease Men
Authors: Huyghe Eric , Kamar Nassim , Wagner Fabien , Capietto Aude-Hélène , El-Kahwaji Labib , Muscari Fabrice , Plante Pierre , Rostaing Lionel 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In men, erectile dysfunction (ED) is an important issue. Data concerning ED in men with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) is limited, and the risk factors for ED in this population are still unknown.

Aims
To determine the prevalence, timescale, and risk factors for ED in ESLD patients candidates to liver transplantation.

Methods
Patients candidates for a liver transplantation were asked to participate in a mailed survey about sexual function. Among the 123 eligible men, 98 (84%) agreed to complete the questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measures
The quality of erection was evaluated using the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score, and satisfaction for sexuality, using the patient-baseline Treatment-Satisfaction Scale (TSS) score. Other questions also focused on patient perception of changes over time.

Results
On the overall population, 28 patients (29%) were nonsexually active. Among the 70 patients who were sexually active, 52 patients (74%) had ED. Regarding the development of ED, 50% of the patients perceived that a deterioration of erectile function occurred within the six previous months. The absence of sexual activity was more frequent in hepatitis B or C patients (P = 0.02). The risk factors for ED were alcohol intake (P = 0.03), tobacco use (P = 0.03), and cardiovascular disease (P = 0.004). The significant risk factors for having a low TSS score were having viral hepatitis (P = 0.01), and cardiovascular disease (P = 0.01).

Conclusion
Population of men with ESLD who are candidates for a liver transplantation is characterized by a high frequency of lack of sexual activity, and by a high prevalence of ED and should be targeted by interventions to improve sexual functioning. These preliminary data need further validation in prospective trial using more comprehensive questionnaires.
Targeting Vascular Structure for the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Hale Taben M , Hannan Johanna L , Carrier Serge , DeBlois Denis , Adams Michael A. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease often coexist and have many common risk factors. In hypertension, the structure of blood vessels is modified such that there is an increase in medial wall thickness relative to lumen size. Certain antihypertensive agents have been found to induce a regression of vascular structure such that a “hypertensive” vessel appears phenotypically more like that from a normotensive.AimTo provide an update on the findings to date on the impact of vascular remodeling on erectile function.Main Outcome MeasuresReview of peer reviewed literature related to vascular remodeling induced by antihypertensive agents and the potential impact on sexual function.MethodsA literature review was performed on clinical and experimental evidence regarding the association between cardiovascular disease and ED, the impact of vascular remodeling on these conditions, the impact of antihypertensive therapy on ED, and the mechanisms of antihypertensive drug-induced remodeling.ResultsThere is increasing evidence that ED may be an early marker for progressing cardiovascular disease. Certain antihypertensive agents have beneficial effects on both vascular structure and erectile function. The major site of resistance in the penile vasculature occurs at the level of the pudendal artery. Although structural remodeling has not yet been investigated in this vessel specifically, antihypertensive drugs have been shown to induce remodeling of the pudendal-penile vasculature and cavernosal arteries. Antihypertensive drug-induced vascular remodeling can be characterized by a decrease in the ratio of wall thickness to lumen diameter, and may result from vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, rearrangement of cells around a smaller lumen, and/or changes in the extracellular matrix composition depending on the vessel type.ConclusionsDetermining the mechanisms involved in antihypertensive drug-induced vascular remodeling in the pudendal vasculature may provide novel targets for the treatment of ED.
Corporal “Snake” Maneuver: Corporoglanular Shunt Surgical Modification for Ischemic Priapism
Authors: Burnett Arthur L. , Pierorazio Phillip M. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Current surgical shunting procedures for major ischemic priapism do not always effectively resolve acute presentations of this disorder.

Aim
To evaluate a modification of the Al-Ghorab distal penile corporoglanular shunt surgery for ischemic priapism.

Methods
Three previously potent men (48, 43, 40 years of age) presented with major ischemic priapism episodes (5, 2, and 6 days in duration, respectively), which were refractory to clinical management including sympathomimetic intracavernosal treatments, intracorporal aspiration and saline irrigation, and penile shunt surgery attempts. We offered a surgical technique for facilitating corporal blood evacuation by retrograde insertion of a cavernosal dilator through the excised tunical windows of the distal corpora cavernosa after transglanular incision.

Main Outcome Measures
Clinical evaluation of priapism resolution and erection recovery.

Results
All men achieved successful resolution of priapism, with meaningful erection recovery assessable in one man.

Conclusions
The modified Al-Ghorab corporoglanular shunt surgery appears to offer an advantageous management approach to resolve ischemic priapism, particularly for cases refractory to first-line management.
Factors associated with functional psychosocial status in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Lucas Sara K. , Redoblado‐Hodge M. Antoinette , Shores E. Arthur , Brennan John , Harris Anthony 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAim: This study aimed to determine which of demographic/premorbid, psychiatric or neuropsychological variables are most closely associated with functional status around the time of diagnosis of first‐episode psychosis. This was with a view to determining factors that should be the focus of intervention in these early stages of illness.Methods: The Western Sydney First Episode Psychosis Project collected data on young persons (aged 13–25) with newly diagnosed psychosis (n = 92). Psychosocial functional status was measured using the Role Functioning Scale (RFS). Multiple regression analyses were carried out to identify predictors of RFS score from a wide range of predictor variables.Results: Psychiatric variables accounted for the most variance in RFS score. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Negative subscale and Young Mania Rating Scale score were found to be significant individual predictors, with variables from the other domains failing to contribute to the overall model. In separate models, demographic/premorbid and neuropsychological factors weakly related to functional status.Conclusions: Psychiatric factors were the main influence on psychosocial functioning in first‐episode psychosis at baseline. Evidence suggests the relationships between symptoms, cognition and demographics with function might change over time, depending on the stage of illness being examined.
Initial medical work‐up of first‐episode psychosis: a conceptual review
Authors: Freudenreich Oliver , Charles Schulz S. , Goff Donald C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAim: To help clinicians carry out a comprehensive, medical diagnostic assessment in first‐episode patients who are suspected of developing schizophrenia.Methods: Conceptual review of the published work with emphasis on the diagnostic goals of excluding medical causes of psychosis and establishing a medical baseline.Results: There is no agreed‐upon standard for the initial medical work‐up of first‐episode cases. Excluding secondary causes of schizophrenia requires consideration of likelihood of disease; laboratory test performance; and relevance of positive test results.Conclusions: We propose a medical work‐up for first‐episode psychosis that combines: (i) broad screening; (ii) exclusion of specific diseases informed by treatability and epidemiology; and (iii) medical baseline measures.
Cost implications of specific and non‐specific treatment for young persons at ultra high risk of developing a first episode of psychosis
Authors: Phillips Lisa J. , Cotton Sue , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Shih Sophy , Yung Alison R. , Carter Rob , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAim:Costs associated with mental health treatment for young persons at ‘ultra’ high risk (UHR) of developing a psychotic disorder have not previously been reported. This paper reports cost implications of providing psychological and pharmacological intervention for individuals at UHR for psychosis compared with minimal psychological treatment.Method:Mental health service costs associated with a randomized controlled trial of two treatments (Specific Preventive Intervention: SPI and Needs‐Based Intervention: NBI) for UHR young persons were estimated and compared at three time points: treatment phase, short‐term follow up and medium‐term follow up.Results:Although the SPI group incurred significantly higher treatment costs than the NBI group over the treatment phase, they incurred significantly lower outpatient treatment costs over the longer term.Conclusion:This study indicates that specific interventions designed to treat young persons who are identified as being at UHR of psychosis might be associated with some cost savings compared with non‐specific interventions.
Development of 52 new polymorphic microsatellite markers for the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: KIM WOO‐JIN , KANG JUNG‐HA , NAM BO‐HYE , KONG HEE JEONG , PARK EUN‐MI , LEE JEONG‐HO , KIM KYUNG‐KIL , KIM YOUNG‐OK , HAN HYON SOB , CHOI TAE‐JIN , CHEONG JAEHUN 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe characterized 52 new microsatellite markers isolated from (GT)n and (CT)n microsatellite‐enriched genomic libraries of the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). All markers were polymorphic, with eight to 30 (mean 15.1) alleles detected in 30 individuals from a single natural population. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.20 to 1.0. Segregation analysis within a mapping family revealed non‐amplifying null alleles at six loci. These results indicate that these new microsatellite markers will be useful for population genetic, parentage, and genome mapping studies.