bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchial artery embolization to control haemoptysis
Authors: WONG K P , YOUNG N , MARKSEN G 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis is a retrospective study of 15 patients who had bronchial artery angiography and embolization for life‐threatening haemoptysis in the period January 1986 to March 1993. Eight were male and seven were female, in the age range 32–77 years. Massive haemoptysis has a 50–100% mortality if treated conservatively and surgery has an up to 35% mortality in this high‐risk group.Nine patients had advanced tumours. Seven had technically successful procedures, with haemoptysis being controlled in six and one patient dying from post‐procedural massive haemoptysis. One of the patients with failed embolization died from massive haemoptysis and the other had spontaneous settling of bleeding.The other six patients suffered from bronchiectasis (2), aspergilloma involving tuberculous cavity (2), active tuberculosis (1), and abscess cavity presumably due to vasculitis (1). Technically successful embolizations were achieved in all six; three had control of haemoptysis, one required successful re‐embolization after massive bleeding following initial embolization, one suffered continuing non‐massive bleeding and one died soon afterwards from massive haemoptysis.
Carcinoma of the breast with sarcomatous metaplasia
Authors: TAYLOR DONNA B , ADAMSON ROSLYN , MINCHIN DAVID E , READING LEONIE 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCarcinoma of the breast with sarcomatous metaplasia (CSM) is a rare and interesting tumour with a poorer prognosis than the usual breast malignancies. The mammographic appearances of this lesion have only previously been described once in the literature. A case of CSM is presented with mammographic‐pathological correlation and review of the literature.
Shoulder impingement syndrome: Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and radiographic signs
Authors: WILLIAMSON M P , CHANDNANI V P , BAIRD D E , REEVES T Q , DEBERARDINO T M , SWENSON G W , HANSEN M F 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYShoulder impingement syndrome is commonly encountered in orthopaedics. In a blinded retrospective study, magnetic resonance imaging and roentgenographic signs in 41 patients with clinical signs of impingement syndrome were compared with 40 control patients. Statistically significant differences between the groups included the absence of subacromial fat, as well as the presence of a supraspinatus tear, subacromial osteophytes, and a decreased coracohumeral distance. Other signs reported to occur in patients with impingement syndrome did not vary significantly in the population studied.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: A comparative evaluation of computed tomography with plain chest radiography
Authors: SANDHU MANAVJIT , MUKHOPADHYAY SIMA , SHARMA SURENDER K 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYComputed tomography (CT) was done in 15 consecutive patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). When compared with chest X‐ray, CT was found to be superior in the diagnosis of bronchlectasis in patients with ABPA. Of the 90 lobes studied, CT detected bronchiectasis in 57 lobes and plain chest X‐ray in 44 lobes. In addition to central bronchiectasis, peripheral bronchiectasis was diagnosed with CT in 18 of the 57 lobes. Follow‐up CT was done in two patients after treatment for detection of progression or regression of bronchiectatic lesions. One patient showed radiological as well as clinical improvement, while the other patient presented with a recurrence of symptoms 4 months after stopping treatment. Computed tomography showed radiological progression of bronchiectasis and the patient was successfully treated with corticosteroids (thus preventing further bronchial damage). It is concluded from this study that CT is superior to plain chest X‐ray in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis in patients with ABPA. Being non‐invasive, it is also helpful in monitoring the course of bronchiectasis in these patients.
Computed tomography in acute small bowel obstruction
Authors: BLAKE MARTIN P , MENDELSON RICHARD M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe abdominal computed tomograms of 28 patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute small bowel obstruction were reviewed. Computed tomography accurately identified the presence, severity and level of obstruction. Signs such as angulated bowel loops and adjacent streaks within the mesentery at points of luminal calibre change were recognized in 69% of cases with adhesive obstruction. Computed tomography may reveal non‐adhesive causes and is the modality of choice for investigating patients with higher grades of bowel obstruction where early surgical intervention is contemplated.
Radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy for oesophageal carcinoma
Authors: HUI RINA , BULL COLIN A , GEBSKI VAL , O'ROURKE IAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis retrospective non‐randomized study reports the outcome of 67 patients who received radical radiotherapy with or without two courses of concomitant chemotherapy using 5‐fluorouracil and cis‐platin at Westmead Hospital from 1985 to 1992. The overall median survival was 14.0 months, the actuarial 5‐year survival was 18%, and median disease‐free survival was 11.3 months. Forty‐eight per cent of the 67 patients had complete endoscopic response and this resulted in a significantly improved survival for those patients. A pre‐treatment baseline Karnofsky performance ≧ 80, and a baseline swallowing score ≧ 80 also predicted for better survival. The development of acute toxicity did not predict the likelihood of developing chronic toxicity. The incidence of stricture formation (benign and malignant) requiring dilatation was 37%. There was no significant improvement in overall or disease‐free survival, nor significant worsening of toxicity in the group of patients who received concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy compared with patients receiving radiotherapy alone.
Mammographic features of adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: BOURKE A G , METCALF C , WYLIE E J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAdenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast accounts for < 1% of breast malignancies. This case report describes the mammographic features and the pathology. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a well‐circumscribed carcinoma that has a relatively good prognosis.
Longitudinal stress fracture in the femoral diaphysis
Authors: SCHUBERT F , CARTER S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYStress fractures occur in multiple sites but more so in the lower limbs and show a predilection for certain sites. The lower femoral shaft is not a common site and a longitudinal stress fracture is extremely rare. A case is reported of a longitudinal stress fracture in the distal femoral shaft that was not suspected initially despite the patient's athletic activities. Review of the literature did not reveal documentation of any similar case.
Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix with unusual sonographic appearances
Authors: FALLON MICHAEL J , LOW VINCENT H S , YU LAWRENCE L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of an appendiceal cystadenoma resulting in a large mucocele in a 35 year old man presenting with abdominal pain is reported. On ultrasonography, an unusual appearance of strand‐like layers of varying echotexture suggesting a solid lesion was seen. On computed tomography, calcification and contrast enhancement of the rim was noted. The spectrum of imaging appearances of appendix mucoceles is reviewed.
Computed tomography demonstration of mosaic oligaemia in pulmonary embolism
Authors: Frazer CK , Cameron DC 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPrevious reports on computed tomography findings in pulmonary embolism have concentrated on describing large peripheral wedged‐shaped opacities thought to represent infarcts, and filling defects in the central vessels presumed to represent emboli. Two cases are presented of mosaic oligaemia with areas of apparent increase in density initially thought to represent infiltrates.
Patterns of fractionation for palliation of bone metastases
Authors: Stevens G , Firth I 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe patterns of fractionation used to treat bone metastases in a single centre in two time periods were determined. Clinical audit was carried out, for two periods of 6 months each, in 1988 and 1993. Data recorded included patient, tumour and treatment variables. Palliation of bone metastases represented 40% and 44% of palliative treatment courses, and 20% and 21% of total treatment courses, respectively, in both time periods. Shorter treatment schedules were used in 1993 compared to 1988, with mean fraction numbers of 6.4 versus 8.5, respectively (P < 0.001). This reduction in fraction numbers occurred for the common primary tumour sites. In 1993, the mean numbers of fractions used were related to the primary tumour site (7.8 fractions for breast, 5.0 for lung, 6.7 for melanoma, 6.4 for other primary sites, P= 0.05), the treatment site (7.3 fractions for weight‐bearing bones, 4.0 for non‐weight‐bearing bones, P < 0.001) and patient address (6.0 fractions for city postcode vs 7.8 for country postcode, P= 0.02). Treating radiation oncologist (5.7‐7.8 mean fractions, P= 0.06) and patient age (P= 0.56) were not significant factors for the number of fractions used. It is likely that there were multiple causes for a reduction in the number of fractions used to treat bone metastases, including the results of clinical trials and increasing pressure to optimize the use of scarce resources. However, patients who may have a better prognosis (breast primary) and those with metastases in weight‐bearing bones continued to receive longer treatment schedules.
Haemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system
Authors: Borg MF , Benjamin CS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe records of four patients presenting with a histological diagnosis of haemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system, in Auckland, New Zealand, between 1970 and 1990 were reviewed retrospectively, with the aim of determining the natural history of the disease and response to various treatment modalities. Three out of the four patients reviewed presented with primary cerebral disease and the fourth with a primary spinal cord tumour. All three cerebral primary patients were initially treated with local surgical excision. All three patients received radical radiotherapy following local recurrence. The first two patients remained disease‐free locally although one patient developed a solitary liver metastasis 5 years after radiotherapy. The third patient was referred with multiple cerebral metastases and failed to respond to radiotherapy. The patient with the primary lesion in the spinal cord was treated with local excision followed by postoperative radiotherapy and remains disease‐free 17 years after treatment. One patient failed to respond to chemotherapy, prescribed to treat a local recurrence adjacent to the previous radiotherapy field. This was successfully excised subsequently. The patient presenting with multiple cerebral metastases was the only patient to die of this disease. Results suggest that local recurrence is avoidable with adequate wide excision of the primary tumour followed by local radical radiotherapy. The role of chemotherapy remains controversial and no conclusion could be drawn regarding the role of palliative radiotherapy from this study. Active treatment and long‐term follow‐up are necessary because of the relative aggressiveness of this disease and the propensity for late relapses.
Post‐orchidectomy radiation therapy alone for patients with early stage non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours of the testis
Authors: Kearsley JH , Tripcony L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to review the patterns of disease relapse and survival outcomes for patients treated postorchidectomy with radiotherapy for early stage (I and IIA) non‐seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (NSGCT). The clinical records were reviewed of 117 men consecutively treated at the Queensland Radium Institute from 1960–90 (inclusive) for stage I or MA NSGCT. A total of 108 patients received radiotherapy to the para‐aortic nodes and ipsilateral hemipelvis following orchidectomy; nine patients received radiotherapy to the para‐aortic nodes and whole pelvis. Twenty‐two of 99 (22.2%) stage I and eight of 18 (44.4%) stage MA patients relapsed following definitive radiotherapy. The 5 year overall and recurrence‐free survivals were 84 and 75%, respectively. Factors associated with a significantly worse outcome included: (i) patients with stage IIA disease; (ii) the presence of undifferentiated elements in the operative specimen; (iii) a primary tumor < 5 cm size; and (iv) treatment given prior to 1979. Given the unsatisfactory recurrence rate following radiation therapy alone and the availability of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy regimens, it is recommended that radiation therapy alone for patients with early stage NSGCT be abandoned in favour of other management strategies.
Malignant granular cell tumour of the sciatic nerve
Authors: Hurrell MA , McLean C , Desmond P , Tress BM , Kaye A 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of malignant granular cell tumour of the sciatic nerve is presented. Computed tomography demonstrated iso‐density with muscle and minimal enhancement. Magnetic resonance demonstrated T1 isointensity with muscle with marked enhancement, and isointensity with fat on proton and T2 images. Pathological evidence is presented for its probable Schwann cell histogenesis.
Myocardial perfusion imaging with technetium‐99m sestamibi SPECT in the evaluation of coronary artery disease
Authors: Mak KH , Ang ES , Goh ASW , Na KX , Sundram FX , Tan ATH 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTechnetium‐99m hexakis‐2‐methoxy‐isobutyl‐isonitrile(99mTc sestamibi) has been used for myocardial perfusion imaging in the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) since 1990. The experience of its use in an Asian population with and without previous myocardial infarction (Ml), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HPT) and collateral circulation (COL) is reported.One hundred and thirty‐nine patients who underwent treadmill exercise testing with 99mTc sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and coronary angiogram were studied. The overall sensitivity for the detection of CAD was 91.0% and specificity was 64.7%. For patients without previous myocardial infarction, the sensitivity was 83.8% and specificity was 83.3%. Patients with COL had a higher sensitivity while those with HPT had a lower specificity. Sensitivity was higher in patients with multi‐vessel disease (MVD) than single vessel disease (SVD). The overall detection for individual artery stenosis was 74.1% with a specificity of 73.1 %. Amongst the three major coronary arteries, sensitivity was highest for the right coronary artery and specificity was highest for the left circumflex artery. Specificity was higher in patients without MI or COL. We found that the agreement between 99mTc sestamibi SPECT and coronary angiogram for the extent of CAD was only 52.5%. The concordance rate was higher for patients with MVD than SVD.It is concluded that 99mTc sestamibi SPECT is a sensitive and specific test for the detection of CAD and localization of disease to individual coronary arteries in our patients with some differences in the subgroups. Agreement between coronary angiogram and 99mTc sestamibi for the extent of coronary artery disease was also satisfactory.
Ultrasonography, computed tomography and percutaneous intervention in acute pancreatitis: A serial study
Authors: Kumar Prem , Mukhopadhyay Sima , Sandhu Manavjit , Berry Manorama 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFifty‐seven patients (45 males, 12 females) with a clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were serially evaluated by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). Thirty patients had a single study, 18 had one follow‐up study while 9 had two follow‐up studies. The aetiology was gallstone disease in 26% of patients and a history of chronic alcohol abuse in only 16%. No cause could be identified in 47% of patients; 22% of US scans were unsatisfactory for the evaluation of pancreas whereas CT was uniformly satisfactory. Peripancreatic inflammation was detected in only 29% patients on US compared with 91% on CT. Pancreatic abscesses were detected in 8 patients on CT and gas was present in all of them. Fourteen patients underwent guided interventional procedures (US, 12; CT, 2). On follow up after 3 months, worsening of inflammation was detected in 11% patients on CT, which was not detected on US. It is concluded from this study that CT is far superior to US in the evaluation of acute pancreatitis, detection of peripancreatic inflammation and its extension into the retroperitoneal compartments and mesentery, and also for the evaluation of fluid collections, haemorrhage and abscesses. However, US provides easy guidance for percutaneous interventional procedures and can be used for follow‐up scans.
Abdominal wall endometriosis: Sonographic diagnosis
Authors: Khaleghian R 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAbdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) often occurs in the surgical scar of a previous Caesarean section. In females with unexplained lower abdominal and pelvic pain who have had a C‐section, the abdominal wall should be carefully examined to rule out AWE.
Incidental detection of skeletal metastases on technetium‐99m DTPA renal scintigraphy
Authors: Prakash R 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case is presented where skeletal metastases from a prostate carcinoma were detected during 99mTc DTPA scintigraphy performed for evaluation of renal function. The lumbar vertebrae in camera field of view were intensely perfused on the arterial phase of the radionuclide flow study. Tracer pooling in these vertebrae, visualized on initial serial images, progressively faded over the 30 minute study. Widespread areas of increased radionuclide uptake, consistent with skeletal metastases, were detected on 99mTc MDP bone imaging performed two days later. Subsequent prostatic biopsy revealed a well differentiated primary adenocarcinoma.
Healing of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures following cure of Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Goswami R , Shah P , Ammini AC , Berry M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYReversibility of gross radiologically manifest steroid‐induced osteoporosis is disputable. A young boy with endogenous Cushing's syndrome with severe osteoporosis, demonstrating satisfactory recovery of osteoporotic changes within 2 years after cure of Cushing's syndrome, is described.
Clinical follow‐up of patients with percutaneously inserted inferior vena caval filters
Authors: Young N 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis is a retrospective clinical follow‐up study of 45 consecutive patients who had percutaneous placement of inferior venal caval (IVC) filters in the period 1987 to 1993 to prevent mortality, or severe morbidity, from pulmonary embolism (PE). Ten patients had Gunther filters (GF) and 35 had bird's nest filters (BNF) from 1989. Clinical indications for filter placement were: 23 patients with anticoagulation contraindications, six with anticoagulation failure and recurrent PE, 10 with anticoagulation complications, two with critical PE and four with leg thrombi and PE. Two patients died from recurrent PE after filter placement, one with a GF migrating after replacement, and one with a BNF. Two patients died from severe PE, occurring prior to filter placement. Fifteen patients died in the study period, none due to recurrent PE. Twenty‐five patients remain alive, with a mean follow‐up period of 21 months, with none having recurring PE. One patient was lost to clinical follow‐up. One patient suffered technical difficulty in BNF placement, and underwent surgical removal of a hook penetrating an iliac vein wall. Inferior vena caval filters are efficacious in preventing potentially fatal pulmonary embolism, in both the acute period and the medium term. There are low rates of morbidity associated with their use.
Imaging features of dissecting neuropathic joints
Authors: Peh WCG , Brockwell J , Chau MT , Ng MMT 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe imaging appearances of three patients with variable clinical presentations of dissecting neuropathic joints are described. Plain radiographs demonstrated bony debris within the soft tissues adjacent to and distant from neuropathic joints. Computed tomography combined with arthrography confirmed that the soft tissue bony debris communicated with the joints.
Embolization of hepatic artery pseudo‐aneurysm facilitated by selective injection of thrombin and thrombin‐soaked coils
Authors: Landy P , Edwards RD , Blomley M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of recurrent haemobilia due to a pseudo‐aneurysm of the right hepatic artery is presented. The patient required long‐term anticoagulant therapy and, in order to achieve rapid haemostasis, thrombin was used as an adjunct to coil embolization. Rapid thrombosis of the pseudo‐aneurysm occurred after selective injection of 200 units of thrombin, and thrombin‐soaked coils were employed to occlude the arterial supply.
Breast cancer following treatment for Hodgkin's disease: The need for screening in a young population
Authors: O'Brien PC , Barton MB , Fisher R ,   for Australasian Radiation Oncology Lymphoma Group (AROLG)
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSeveral recent publications have highlighted the issue of an increased risk of breast cancer in women treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combined modality therapy for Hodgkin's disease. The risk is greatest in women 30 years or younger at the time of treatment. In the Australasian Radiation Oncology Lymphoma Group database, 60% of women fell into this age category. This article reviews the available data pertaining to induction of breast cancer by radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Breast examination should now be an integral part of the long term follow up for these women. There is also a case for the use of screening mammography. Any breast mass developing subsequent to treatment for Hodgkin's disease should be regarded with a high index of clinical suspicion and, accordingly, biopsies should be performed in the majority of cases, even when mammography is negative.
Dutch variant of Bellini metaphyseal dysplasia: Report of two siblings
Authors: Kozlowski K , Meradji M , Beemer FA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo sibling girls with cone‐shaped knee epiphyses and metaphyses are described. Bone dysplasia with this rare, distinctive, radiographic finding, was first reported by Bellini and Bardare with only few cases reported thereafter. Velores et al. divided bone dysplasias with cone‐shaped epiphyses and metaphyses of the knee in two entities which they named trichoscyphodysplasia and metaphyseal acroscyphodysplasia. Although the authors agree that there is more than one bone dysplasia that presents with these distinctive radiographic knee appearances, they consider that too few cases have been reported to satisfactorily classify this group of disorders.