bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐CT‐guided lung biopsy optimisation of the observation period by identifying patients at risk of delayed pneumothorax
Authors: Tan Samantha , Di Loreto Murray , Melsom Stephen , Jefferies Reece , Padgham Christopher , Boardman Glenn , Saffar Bann 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionIdentify the risk factors for delayed pneumothorax after lung biopsy.MethodsA retrospective study of 355 CT‐guided lung biopsies was performed at Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia over 42 months. A comprehensive range of patient, lesion and procedural variables were recorded. All post‐procedural complications including time, size of pneumothorax and post‐biopsy radiographs were reviewed. Lasso logistic regression model was utilised to determine factors predicting patient complications.ResultsA total of 167 patients (47%) developed a pneumothorax, in which 34% were significant, requiring longer observation or drain insertion. The majority of pneumothoraces occurred within the first hour (86%), with 90% detected at the time of the procedure. Then, 12% were detected more than 3 h post‐procedure, of which 8 patients (5%) had a significant delayed pneumothorax. Factors increasing the likelihood of significant pneumothorax include the length of lung traversed, smaller nodule size, surrounding emphysema, increased age and lateral patient position with the lesion in the non‐dependent aspect. Increasing patient age, longer length of lung traversed and smaller nodule diameter increase the risk of delayed onset of pneumothorax (more than 3 h).ConclusionThe results of this study align with other studies indicating it is safe to discharge stable patients within an hour post‐lung biopsy. However, specific risk factors, including age, small lesion size and deep lesions, may identify patients who could benefit from a longer observation period.
A complex psychosocial portrait of substance use disorders among Indigenous people in the United States: A scoping review
Authors: Edinoff Amber N. , Maudrie Tara L. , Chiwiwi Carly , Kjerland Tonya M. , Contreras Liz , Gone Joseph P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere has been a prevailing but erroneous belief in the medical community that there is a biological vulnerability in the American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) community to substance use disorders (SUDs), with alcohol use disorder (AUD) being the most prevalent. This scoping review aimed to examine what possible psychosocial issues could lead to the development of the perpetuation of SUDs in the AI/AN population.MethodsThe protocol for this scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. There were 405 articles included for full‐text review. Further inclusion criteria were applied which included: Directly looking at participants who had a SUD, including either in the discussion or conclusion a statement linking their data to psychosocial issues as a possible explanation for their data, and having measured the psychosocial issue with a research device. The final review included 15 studies.ResultsFour psychosocial themes were uncovered using an inductive process, where recurring words related to identity, prejudice, isolation, discrimination, and self‐concept in the literature. These themes were trauma/historical loss, mood, and discrimination/self‐esteem. All of these themes are interrelated, and all influence the development or sustainment of a SUD.Discussion and ConclusionsComplex psychosocial factors in the AI/AN community are associated with SUDs. This trauma and historical loss should be addressed with culturally tailored treatments.Scientific SignificanceThere are not many manuscripts that specifically look at the interplay of mood, trauma, self‐worth, and discrimination with SUD in the AI/AN community. This scoping review aims to highlight these issues as well as discuss how culture should play a part in treatment.
Occupational hazards and pregnancy in orthopaedics: female surgeons are at increased risk of infertility and pregnancy complications
Authors: Garcia Elizabeth , Mandaleson Avanthi , Stannage Katherine , Williams Nicole 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFemale surgeons have increased rates of infertility and pregnancy complications compared to the general population. Reported infertility rates in surgeons are 32% compared to 10.9% in the general population. Reported pregnancy complication rates in surgeons range from 25% to 35%. In the orthopaedic operating theatre occupational hazards that have an effect on pregnancy outcomes include radiation, exposure to methyl methacrylate in bone cement, surgical smoke, sharps injuries, exposure to anaesthetic waste gases and the effects of the physical demands of surgery including prolonged work hours and night shift work. Outside the operating theatre exposure to nitrous oxide, formaldehyde, surgical scrub also have evidence of negative pregnancy outcomes. This review summarizes the available evidence as it relates to specific occupational hazards that face health workers in an orthopaedic operating theatre. This information, while targeted at orthopaedic health workers, is also relevant to anaesthetists, radiographers, nursing staff, medical device company representatives and female surgeons in other specialties.
Gender identity importance in cisgender and gender diverse adolescents in the US and Canada
Authors: Wittlin Natalie M. , Gallagher Natalie M. , Olson Kristina R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransgender adolescents often categorize themselves in the same way that cisgender adolescents do—that is, as girls/women and boys/men. Potential differences in the extent to which these self‐categorizations matter to transgender and cisgender adolescents, however, have yet to be explored, as has the relative importance transgender adolescents place on their gender compared to their transgender self‐categorization. In the current study, we explored self‐reported identity importance in a sample of 392 primarily White (70%) and multiracial/ethnic (20%) 12–18‐year‐old (M = 15.02) binary transgender (n = 130), binary cisgender (n = 236), and nonbinary (n = 26) adolescents in the United States and Canada. Results revealed that binary transgender adolescents considered their gender self‐categorization to be more important to them than both binary cisgender and nonbinary adolescents did. Most binary transgender adolescents rated their gender self‐categorization as maximally important to them. Additionally, transgender adolescents considered their gender self‐categorization to be more important to them than their transgender self‐categorization (that is, their identification with the label “transgender”). These findings demonstrate that the identities that are often denied to binary transgender adolescents may be the very identities that are most important to them. Results also suggest that gender diverse adolescents with different gender identities may differ in the importance they place on these identities.
Teacher toads: Buffering apex predators from toxic invaders in a remote tropical landscape
Authors: Ward‐Fear Georgia , Rangers Bunuba , Bruny Miles , Everitt Corrin , Shine Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEven after research identifies new approaches for wildlife management, translating those methods for delivery can be logistically challenging. In tropical Australia, invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) fatally poison many anuran‐eating native predators. Small‐scale trials show that vulnerable predators exposed to small (nonlethal) toads can learn to delete toads from their diets, increasing survival of those predators after toads invade. We deployed this method in the remote Kimberley region of tropical Australia, with >200,000 eggs, tadpoles, or metamorph toads released in advance of the expanding toad invasion front. Remote camera surveys before and after “teacher toad” deployment showed that large monitor lizards (Varanus panoptes) were almost extirpated from control plots but remained abundant in treatment plots, indicating broad‐scale success of this novel intervention.
The role of Aurora kinase A in hepatocellular carcinoma: Unveiling the intriguing functions of a key but still underexplored factor in liver cancer
Authors: Grisetti Luca , Garcia Clarissa J. C. , Saponaro Anna A. , Tiribelli Claudio , Pascut Devis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAurora Kinase A (AURKA) plays a central role as a serine/threonine kinase in regulating cell cycle progression and mitotic functions. Over the years, extensive research has revealed the multifaceted roles of AURKA in cancer development and progression. AURKA's dysregulation is frequently observed in various human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its overexpression in HCC has been associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor clinical outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the molecular mechanisms underlying AURKA expression in HCC and its functional implications in cell migration, invasion, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, metastasis, stemness, and drug resistance. This work focuses on the clinical significance of AURKA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. High levels of AURKA expression have been correlated with shorter overall and disease‐free survival in various cohorts, highlighting its potential utility as a sensitive prognostic indicator. Recent insights into AURKA's role in modulating the tumour microenvironment, particularly immune cell recruitment, may provide valuable information for personalized treatment strategies. AURKA's critical involvement in modulating cellular pathways and its overexpression in cancer makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapies. This review discusses the evidence about novel and selective AURKA inhibitors for more effective treatments for HCC.
Trophic tug‐of‐war: Coexistence mechanisms within and across trophic levels
Authors: Song Chuliang , Spaak Jurg W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEcological communities encompass rich diversity across multiple trophic levels. While modern coexistence theory has been widely applied to understand community assembly, its traditional formalism only allows assembly within a single trophic level. Here, using an expanded definition of niche and fitness differences applicable to multitrophic communities, we study how diversity within and across trophic levels affects species coexistence. If each trophic level is analysed separately, both lower‐ and higher trophic levels are governed by the same coexistence mechanisms. In contrast, if the multitrophic community is analysed as a whole, different trophic levels are governed by different coexistence mechanisms: coexistence at lower trophic levels is predominantly limited by fitness differences, whereas coexistence at higher trophic levels is predominantly limited by niche differences. This dichotomy in coexistence mechanisms is supported by theoretical derivations, simulations of phenomenological and trait‐based models, and a case study of a primeval forest ecosystem. Our work provides a general and testable prediction of coexistence mechanism operating in multitrophic communities.
Enchanting encounters in ordinary writing for children
Authors: Hunter Carolyn , Kivinen Nina H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe invite you to explore with us the enchanting affects that move us, through ordinary moments in writing for children. Enchantment shows how we are entangled with the world, that which surprises us and builds a sense of wonder. A wind in the trees, a gentle smile, a look of horror. The smell of fresh coffee and the final words of a manuscript. We explore enchantment as mundane but gendered experiences which entail a promise and a potentiality, one that is part of power relations, and where an ethical possibility to engage in the world differently emerges. This paper shows how enchantment is not a detachment from, but a connection to the world. Through interviews with children's writers, we ask how enchanting affect can help us to see work through a different ethical lens.
Patient versus physician preferences for lipid‐lowering drug therapy: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Chen Jiali , Cao Zhaoliu , Zhang Mengdie , Ma Rui , Zhang Pei , Yao Guiqing , Li Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors offered dyslipidemia patients an alternative to statins for lipid‐lowering treatment. Understanding patient and physician preferences for lipid‐lowering drugs may promote shared decision‐making and improve treatment outcomes.MethodsThis study utilized an online discrete choice experiment (DCE) to assess the relative importance (RI) of six attributes related to lipid‐lowering drugs, including frequency of administration, mode of administration, reduction of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level, risk of myopathy, risk of liver damage, and out‐of‐pocket monthly cost. Respondents were recruited from dyslipidemia patients and cardiovascular physicians in China. A mixed logit model and latent class analysis were employed to estimate the preference coefficient, marginal willingness to pay (mWTP), and RI of attributes. Ethical approval has been obtained for this study.ResultsA total of 708 patients and 507 physicians participated in the survey. Patients prioritized the ‘risk of liver damage’ (RI = 23.6%) with ‘mode of administration’ (RI = 19.2%) and ‘frequency of administration’ (RI = 18.8%) following closely. Contrarily, physicians prioritized the ‘reduction of LDL‐C level’ (RI = 33.5%), followed by ‘risk of liver damage’ (RI = 26.0%) and ‘risk of myopathy’ (RI = 16.1%). Patients placed a higher value on ‘frequency of administration’ (p < .001) and ‘mode of administration’ (p < .001) compared to physicians, while physicians valued ‘reduction of LDL‐C level’ (p < .001) and ‘risk of myopathy’ (p = .012) more than patients. Physicians exhibited higher mWTP than patients for all attributes except frequency and mode of administration. The LCA revealed three distinct patient classes: focus on oral administration, focus on hepatic safety and frequency and focus on hepatic safety and cost. Likewise, three physician classes were identified: frequency‐insensitive, efficacy‐focused and safety‐focused.ConclusionsThe preferences for lipid‐lowering drug therapy differed between patients and physicians in China. Physicians should take into account patients' preferences and provide personalized treatment when they formulate lipid‐lowering treatment plans.Patient or Public ContributionPatients participated in the questionnaire design process. They engaged in a focus group discussion to determine attributes and levels and also participated in a pilot survey to assess the comprehensibility of the questionnaires. Additionally, patients were involved in the DCE survey to express their preferences. The findings of patient preference for lipid‐lowering drug therapy will promote shared decision‐making and optimize the treatment regimen.
The use of information and communication technologies by adolescents living with a mental illness in the past 5 years: Scoping review
Authors: Caron Marie‐Ève , Maltais Nathalie , Corriveau Stacy , Rassy Jessica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is a huge part of adolescents' lives, especially by those living with a mental illness. However, very few studies explore their experience with the use of ICT and how it affects their health. The purpose of this study was to better understand the use of ICT by adolescents living with a mental illness. A scoping review was undertaken using Arksey and O'Malley's method to explore this understudied topic. The following databases were searched: Medline, CINAHL and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. Studies published between 2017 and 2022 were included. Data were analysed using a data extraction and an analysis grid developed by the research team. Of 1984 articles, only seven met the inclusion criteria. These articles allowed for a better understanding of the type of mental illness these young ICT users had, the type of ICT they use and their overall experience using ICT. The diagnoses most associated with the use of these ICT were suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety and eating illnesss. Types of ICT used were very diverse and adolescents had both positive and negative experiences using these ICT. Very few interventions using ICT were developed according to the needs of adolescents with mental illness. These adolescents often cope with the help of ICT and can have an overall positive experience. Their experience can also be negative as some of them were exposed to suicide‐related and violent content. Future research is needed to better understand the best ICT interventions for these young people.
The frictional energy absorber effectiveness and its impact on the pressure ulcer prevention performance of multilayer dressings
Authors: Marché Cécile , Creehan Sue , Gefen Amit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPressure ulcers including heel ulcers remain a global healthcare concern. This study comprehensively evaluates the biomechanical effectiveness of the market‐popular ALLEVYN® LIFE multilayer dressing in preventing heel ulcers. It focuses on the contribution of the frictional sliding occurring between the non‐bonded, fully independent layers of this dressing type when the dressing is protecting the body from friction and shear. The layer‐on‐layer sliding phenomenon, which this dressing design enables, named here the frictional energy absorber effectiveness (FEAE), absorbs approximately 30%–45% of the mechanical energy resulting from the foot weight, friction and shear acting to distort soft tissues in a supine position, thereby reducing the risk of heel ulcers. Introducing the novel theoretical FEAE formulation, new laboratory methods to quantify the FEAE and a review of relevant clinical studies, this research underlines the importance of the FEAE in protecting the heels of at‐risk patients. The work builds on a decade of research published by our group in analysing and evaluating dressing designs for pressure ulcer prevention and will be useful for clinicians, manufacturers, regulators and reimbursing bodies in assessing the effectiveness of dressings indicated or considered for prophylactic use.
Factors associated with health behaviours among stroke survivors: A mixed‐methods study using COM‐B model
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , Guo Lina , Namassevayam Genoosha , Wei Miao , Xie YuYing , Guo Yuanli , Liu Yanjin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo identify factors associated with health behaviours among stroke survivors, through a multi‐centre study.DesignA sequential mixed methods design.MethodsIn the quantitative research phase, a total of 350 participants were recruited through multi‐stage sampling from December 2022 to June 2023. General information questionnaires, The Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire (SPKQ), Short Form Health Belief Model Scale (SF‐HBMS), Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLPII), and the WHOQOL‐BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Brief Version) were distributed across five tertiary hospitals in Henan province, China. For the qualitative research component, semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore the barriers and facilitators of health behaviour. This study adheres to the GRAMMS guidelines.ResultsA total of 315 participants (90.0%) completed the survey. Identified barriers to health behaviour included residing in rural areas, higher scores on the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and mRS, as well as lower scores on SPKQ, SF‐HBMS and WHOQOL‐BREF. Twenty‐four individuals participated in qualitative interviews. Twenty‐eight themes were identified and categorised by frequency, covering areas such as knowledge, skills, intentions, social influences, social/professional role and identity, environmental context and resources, beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences and behavioural regulation. Both quantitative and qualitative data suggested that health behaviour among stroke survivors is at a moderate level, and the identified barrier factors can be mapped into the COM‐B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour).ConclusionThe study indicates that key barriers to health behaviour among stroke survivors align with the COM‐B model. These identified factors should be carefully considered in the planning of future systematic interventions aimed at improving health behaviours among stroke survivors.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were invited to completed questionnaires in the study and semi‐structured interviews. The investigators provided explanation of this study’ content, purpose and addressed issues during the data collection.
Severe hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet syndrome requiring differentiation of thrombotic microangiopathy: Four cases from a nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Komatsu Reina , Mimura Kazuya , Matsuyama Tatsuya , Kawanishi Yoko , Nakamura Hitomi , Tomimatsu Takuji , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSevere cases of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome requiring plasma exchange or dialysis should be differentiated from other thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and treated appropriately. To evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of such cases in Japan, a questionnaire‐based survey was conducted among obstetricians who are members of the Perinatal Research Network Group in Japan. There were a total of 335 cases of HELLP syndrome over a 3‐year period in the 48 facilities that responded to the survey. Four patients required plasma exchange or dialysis, of which two were diagnosed with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and two with TMA secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. Although such severe HELLP syndrome is rare, identifying the clinical features and making accurate differential diagnosis are critical for optimal clinical outcomes for mothers and neonates.