bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Network for Asymptotic Dependence/ Independence Classification: A Series of Experiments
Authors: Wixson Troy P. , Cooley Daniel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An early choice in the modeling of multivariate extremes is to infer whether the data are asymptotically dependent (AD) or asymptotically independent (AI). We perform a series of experiments to determine whether a convolutional neural network can reliably distinguish between these asymptotically defined regimes in the finite sample bivariate case. Along the way we develop a new classification tool for practitioners which we call \texttt{nnadic} as it is a Neural Network for Asymptotic Dependence/ Independence Classification. This tool accurately classifies 95% of test datasets and is robust to a wide range of sample sizes. The datasets which we are unable to correctly classify tend to either be nearly exactly independent or exhibit near perfect dependence, which are boundary cases for both the AD and AI models used for training.
Datasets for Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Liu Yang , Cao Jiahuan , Liu Chongyu , Ding Kai , Jin Lianwen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This paper embarks on an exploration into the Large Language Model (LLM) datasets, which play a crucial role in the remarkable advancements of LLMs. The datasets serve as the foundational infrastructure analogous to a root system that sustains and nurtures the development of LLMs. Consequently, examination of these datasets emerges as a critical topic in research. In order to address the current lack of a comprehensive overview and thorough analysis of LLM datasets, and to gain insights into their current status and future trends, this survey consolidates and categorizes the fundamental aspects of LLM datasets from five perspectives: (1) Pre-training Corpora; (2) Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets; (3) Preference Datasets; (4) Evaluation Datasets; (5) Traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) Datasets. The survey sheds light on the prevailing challenges and points out potential avenues for future investigation. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the existing available dataset resources is also provided, including statistics from 444 datasets, covering 8 language categories and spanning 32 domains. Information from 20 dimensions is incorporated into the dataset statistics. The total data size surveyed surpasses 774.5 TB for pre-training corpora and 700M instances for other datasets. We aim to present the entire landscape of LLM text datasets, serving as a comprehensive reference for researchers in this field and contributing to future studies. Related resources are available at: \href{https://github.com/lmmlzn/Awesome-LLMs-Datasets}{https://github.com/lmmlzn/Awesome-LLMs-Datasets}.
An Intelligent Model and Simulation of High Voltage Transmission Line Protection Using Time Overcurrent Relay Optimization Settings
Authors: BONIFACE NTAMBARA , Sitati Simiyu S. , Byiringiro Jean Bosco , Wambua Paul M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The novel method based on optimal overcurrent relay settings and coordination for effective substation relays in interconnected power systems was designed and developed. In this paper, the feeder impedance equivalences, phase-to-phase fault currents, current settings of 110kV incoming and 15kV outgoing feeders, and operating times for relay characteristics (standard, very, and extremely inverse of overcurrent relay) of the power network were computed and determined. The maximum fault current of the interconnected power grids was considered. The network MVA short circuit was considered with both positive and negative sequence impedance of the feeder. The power system parameters like X/R ratio, current transformer (CT) ratio, transmission line length, positive & zero-sequence resistances, positive & zero-sequence inductances, full load current, line capacity, CT ratio for outgoing feeders, grid frequency, and real power were also considered and deployed in the power network. To ensure safety, reliable, and rapid operation of overcurrent relays, settings such as pickup value, time setting multiplier (TMS) of 0.05sec, and overcurrent relay (OCR) characteristics were carefully considered. The selection and determination of OCR characteristics were taken into account by calculating the fault current levels of each fault location percentage based on feeder impedance, turn CT ratio, and pickup values. The results proved that the OCRs coordination interval time to fastest clear faults was between 0.0927 sec-0.062 sec, 0.0949 sec-0.0720 sec, and 0.0764 sec-0.0661 sec for extremely, very, and standard inverse relays, respectively.
Differentiation signals induce APOBEC3A expression via GRHL3 in squamous epithelia and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Smith Nicola , Reddin Ian , Policelli Paige , Oh Sunwoo , Buisson Rémi , Zainal Nur , Howes Emma , Jenkins Benjamin , Tracy Ian , Sharpe Benjamin , Amendra Damian , Hanley Christopher , King Emma , Thomas Gareth , Edmond Mark , Ali Simak , Zheng Ke , Egawa Nagayasau , Doorbar John , Carpenter Michael , Harris Reuben , Rao Anjali , Mahadevan Sangeetha , Fenton Tim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Two APOBEC (apolipoprotein-B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like) DNA cytosine deaminase enzymes (APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B) generate somatic mutations in cancer, driving tumour development and drug resistance. Here we used single cell RNA sequencing to study APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B expression in healthy and malignant mucosal epithelia, validating key observations with immunohistochemistry, spatial transcriptomics and functional experiments. Whereas APOBEC3B is expressed in keratinocytes entering mitosis, we show that APOBEC3A expression is confined largely to terminally differentiating cells and requires Grainyhead-like transcription factor 3 (GRHL3). Thus, in normal tissue, neither deaminase appears to be expressed at high levels during DNA replication, the cell cycle stage associated with APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis. In contrast, we show that in squamous cell carcinoma tissues, there is expansion of GRHL3 expression and activity to a subset of cells undergoing DNA replication and concomitant extension of APOBEC3A expression to proliferating cells. These findings indicate a mechanism for acquisition of APOBEC3A mutagenic activity in tumours.
Observations of the Polarized Solar Corona During the Annular Eclipse of October 14, 2023
Authors: Seaton Daniel B. , Caspi Amir , Alzate Nathalia , Davis Sarah J. , DeForest Craig , Erickson Nicholas F. , Kovac Sarah A. , DeForest Alec R. , Patel Ritesh , Osterman Steven N. , Tosolini Anna , Kooten Samuel J. Van , West Matthew J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We present results of a dual eclipse expedition to observe the solar corona from two sites during the annular solar eclipse of 2023 October 14, using a novel coronagraph designed to be accessible for amateurs and students to build and deploy. The coronagraph CATEcor builds on the standardized eclipse observing equipment developed for the Citizen CATE 2024 experiment. The observing sites were selected for likelihood of clear observations, for historic relevance (near the Climax site in the Colorado Rocky Mountains), and for centrality to the annular eclipse path (atop Sandia Peak above Albuquerque, New Mexico). The novel portion of CATEcor is an external occulter assembly that slips over the front of a conventional dioptric telescope, forming a \textit{shaded-truss} externally occulted coronagraph. CATEcor is specifically designed to be easily constructed in a garage or ''makerspace'' environment. We successfully observed the solar corona to an altitude of approximately 2.25 RSun during the annular phases of the eclipse.
Resveratrol-Based 5-Membered Carbonate (Res-TC) Resins: Synthesis and Curing with Trioxyethylene Diamine (TODA)
Authors: Matsumoto Kozo , Yamashita Iku , Watanabe Tatsuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Novel bio-based trifunctional 5-membered cyclic carbonate (Res-TC) resins were synthesized via glycidyl etheration of resveratrol and successive insertion of carbon dioxide to the epoxy groups. The resins were thermally cured with trioxyethylene diamine (TODA), and cured Res-TC/TODA films were prepared. Thermal properties of the cured material were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The glass transition temperature (Tg) and 5% weight loss temperature (Td5) of the cured Res-TC/TODA were determined to be 15.4oC and 224oC, respectively. These results indicated that the cured material was rubbery at room temperature and easily decomposable at elevated temperature. The elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break were 850 MPa, 38.3 MPa, and 0.068, respectively, which shows that the cured material was tough and flexible. Shear adhesion strength of the cured materials toward stainless substrates was estimated at 10.8 MPa, indicating their high applicability to adhesives. Examination of the enzymatic degradation of the cured materials revealed their potential degradability by enzymes such as lipase and protease.
Advancing Phase Change Materials (PCM) Technology: Research, Development, and Optimization
Authors: Proca Andrei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Phase Change Materials (PCMs) play a pivotal role in various heating and refrigeration applications by leveraging the latent heat exchange during phase transitions. However, recent demands for PCMs with higher melting temperatures, superior mechanical properties, enhanced thermal conductivity, and reduced reactivity to environmental conditions have necessitated a focused research effort. Our team embarked on a systematic exploration of alloy compositions theoretically suited to meet these stringent requirements. Employing advanced techniques in material science, we conducted comprehensive analyses to identify promising candidates with the desired attributes. Subsequent experimental phases involved the fabrication and thorough testing of these alloys under controlled conditions. Through meticulous evaluation of their performance characteristics, including thermal behavior, mechanical strength, and environmental stability, we aimed to pinpoint the most suitable material for PCM applications. Our research endeavors not only contribute to the advancement of PCM technology but also hold significant implications for energy efficiency and sustainability in diverse industrial sectors.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among middle-aged patients and its association with chronic kidney disease: A Cross-sectional study
Authors: M Shankar Ganesh , S Aravindhan , S Satheesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous surveys suggest that obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus may be positively related to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, this association might be altered by metabolic syndrome. Chronic kidney disease has become a worldwide health problem among aging populations. Hence, epidemiological information on middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome is still lacking.
Objectives
The study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged patients and its association with chronic kidney disease.
Methodology:
The hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 317 participants aged 40–59 years. All participants received a standardized personal interview, including a structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples collected for laboratory testing. Metabolic syndrome was identified based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using the Cockroft-Gault formula, which in turn is utilized to predict the stages of chronic kidney disease based on the eGFR range based on NKF-KDOQI.
Result and discussion:
We investigated the association between metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 317 participants aged 40-59 years. We found that metabolic syndrome was prevalent in more than half of the participants (54.2%) and increased with the worsening of CKD stages. We also identified waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, and triglycerides as significant metabolic factors associated with CKD. Furthermore, we observed that longer durations of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, especially when combined, increased the risk of CKD.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that metabolic syndrome is a major contributor to CKD and that early detection and management of metabolic factors are essential to prevent kidney damage.
A Content Analysis of Indoor Tanning Twitter Chatter During COVID-19 Shutdowns: Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study
Authors: Groshon Laurie , Waring Molly E , Blashill Aaron J , Dean Kristen , Bankwalla Sanaya , Palmer Lindsay , Pagoto Sherry 
Published: March 2024

Background
Indoor tanning is a preventable risk factor for skin cancer. Statewide shutdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in temporary closures of tanning businesses. Little is known about how tanners reacted to losing access to tanning businesses.

Objective
This study aimed to analyze Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X) chatter about indoor tanning during the statewide pandemic shutdowns.

Methods
We collected tweets from March 15 to April 30, 2020, and performed a directed content analysis of a random sample of 20% (1165/5811) of tweets from each week. The 2 coders independently rated themes (κ=0.67-1.0; 94%-100% agreement).

Results
About half (589/1165, 50.6%) of tweets were by people unlikely to indoor tan, and most of these mocked tanners or the act of tanning (562/589, 94.9%). A total of 34% (402/1165) of tweets were posted by users likely to indoor tan, and most of these (260/402, 64.7%) mentioned missing tanning beds, often citing appearance- or mood-related reasons or withdrawal. Some tweets by tanners expressed a desire to purchase or use home tanning beds (90/402, 22%), while only 3.9% (16/402) mentioned tanning alternatives (eg, self-tanner). Very few tweets (29/1165, 2.5%) were public health messages about the dangers of indoor tanning.

Conclusions
Findings revealed that during statewide shutdowns, half of the tweets about indoor tanning were mocking tanning bed users and the tanned look, while about one-third were indoor tanners reacting to their inability to access tanning beds. Future work is needed to understand emerging trends in tanning post pandemic.
A case of co-infection with head lice and varicella in a child: considerations for rational management
Authors: Shvaratska O.V. , Mavrutenkov V.V. , Svyatenko T.V. , Yakunina O.M. 
Published: March 2024

Pediculosis and varicella, common in children, typically pose no significant diagnostic or treatment challenges. However, the ongoing full-scale war in Ukraine has led to severe humanitarian consequences, including mass migration and health care infrastructure damage. Under such conditions, standard treatment modalities, including isolation and hygiene measures, may be impracticable. These challenges underscore the need for adapting patient management strategies to crisis conditions. We report a case of a previously well 10-year-old female, presenting with pediculosis capitis and varicella co-infection, complicated by folliculitis. Pediculosis had been detected by the parents one week before the onset of varicella, and they self-administered a topical anti-pediculosis agent based on clearol and dimethicone once. On the 12th day of varicella infection, we found purulent rash elements on the scalp, severe pruritus, and presence of lice eggs and nits. Considering the evidence of folliculitis on the scalp, which complicated the use of external pediculicides and hygienic procedures, the case necessitated a tailored treatment approach. This included oral cefuroxime for bacterial superinfection, and two doses of oral ivermectin for pediculosis 200 mcg/kg one week apart, along with chloropyramine hydrochloride for pruritus management. The strategy resulted in elimination of head lice infestation with no adverse events. This case illustrates the critical need for updated clinical protocols and health care provider education on optimal treatment practices, especially in crisis contexts. The coexistence of varicella with a pediculosis infection precipitated a secondary bacterial infection requiring systemic antibacterial treatment. Clinical research provides evidence of oral ivermectin effectiveness in pediculosis treatment when topical pediculicides cannot be utilized. To mitigate varicella complications and control epidemic processes, integrating varicella vaccination into the national immunization schedule is recommended. Moreover, for cases with varicella and ectoparasitic infections, systemic treatment with antiviral and antiparasitic agents like acyclovir and ivermectin should be considered to minimize the risk of superinfection. The registration of oral ivermectin for pediculosis treatment by state health authorities is advocated to formalize its use in clinical practice.
Inventarisasi Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) di Dua Kawasan Air Terjun Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Pratiwi Eka Ahda , Dahelmi Dahelmi 
Published: March 2024

This study aims to identify of butterflies found in two waterfall areas in the city of Padang. Sampling was carried out in March - April 2018 with the transect walk method, butterflies were captured using insect net. Total butterflies obtained were 179 individuals consisting of 51 species belonging to 37 genera and 7 families. The highest number of species found in the family Nymphalidae (17 species), followed by Papilionidae (10 species), Lycaenidae (6 species), Pieridae (6 species), Satyridae (6 species), Danaidae (4 species), and Amathusidae (2 species ) The most common species is Junonia atlites (Linnaeus).
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE SNOWBALL-THROWING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF BIOLOGI SISWA
Authors: Nopriyeni Nopriyeni , Nurdiana Nova 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh model pembelajaran snowball-throwing terhadap hasil belajar kognitif biologi siswa di SMA Negeri 8 Mukomuko. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bulan Januari-Februari 2023, dengan populasinya yaitu seluruh kelas X MIA SMA Negeri 8 Mukomuko dan sampel nya yaitu kelas X MIA 1 (kelas eksperimen) dan Kelas X MIA 2 (kelas kontrol). Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling dengan desain penelitian berjenis quasi eksperimen pre-test post-test group design. Tes yang diberikan yaitu berupa soal dalam bentuk pilihan ganda berjumlah 15 soal. Data hasil belajar kognitif didapatkan dari uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, kemudian dilakukan pengujian hasil analisis data menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran snowball-throwing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif biologi siswa di SMA Negeri 8 Mukomuko. Hasil uji Independent Samples t-Test (t) sebesar 2,473 dengan nilai p sebesar 0,016. Karena nilai p ˂0,05 maka ada pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran snowball-throwing dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif biologi Siswa di SMA Negeri 8 Mukomuko.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF TIPE QUESTIONS STUDENTS HAVE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X IPS
Authors: Vani Welya Septi 
Published: March 2024

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil belajar matematika siswa yang masih rendah, siswa kurang mau bertanya bertanya selama proses belajar mengajar matematika. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran aktif Tipe Questions Students Have lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar matematika siswa tanpa menerapkan pembelajaran aktif Tipe Questions Students Have. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian random terhadap subjek. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPS SMA Negeri 3 Sijunjung. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak, terpilih kelas X IPS 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X IPS 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes akhir berbentuk esai. Teknik analisis data untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan uji t satu pihak. Hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh = 2,192929 lebih besar dari = 1,645. Dengan demikian, hipotesis diterima yaitu hasil belajar matematika matematika siswa dengan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran aktif Tipe Questions Students Have lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar matematika siswa tanpa menerapkan pembelajaran aktif Tipe Questions Students Have terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X IPS SMA Negeri 3 Sijunjung.AbstractThe background of this research are the students mathematics learning outcomes that still low and the students do not want to ask questions during the teaching learning process. The research purpose is to find out whether students’ mathematics learning outcomes by applying type of active learning Questions Students Have strategy is better than not applying toward students’ mathematics study result at X IPS SMA N 3 Sijunjung. The method used is experimental research with random research plan toward subject. The population is at the tenth grade IPS 2 student SMA N 3 Sijunjung academic year 2017/2018. Sampling technique is done randomly. X IPS 3 class are selected as the experimental class and X IPS 2 class are selected as the control class. The research instrument is final test in the form essay where the final test. analysis of using test of t. The result of hypothesis testing are obtained tcount = 2,192929 is bigger than ttable = 1,645. Therefore, mathematics learning outcomes by applying type of active learning Questions Students Have strategy is better toward students’ mathematics study result at X IPS SMA N 3 Sijunjung.
ANALISIS SIKAP BERTANGGUNG JAWAB DI SEKOLAH KELAS VIII B DAN VIII D SMP N KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Ratna Ratna , Nurhidayah Siti 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pendekatan inkuiri melalaui metode resitamsi dan sikap bertanggung jawab siswa terhadap mata pelajaran IPA ada dua bertanggung jawab positif dan sikap bertanggung jawanb negatif ditandai dengan siswa cendrung tekun belajar,sedangkan sikap bertanggung jawab negatif ditandai dengan siswa tidak bersemangat dalam belajar .tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sikap siswa terhadap mata pelajaran IPA di SMP kota jambi.sikap siswa yang diteliti memiliki indikator . implikasi sosial IPA , sikap terhadap penyelidikan IPA dan keinginan berkalir dibidang IPA dan keinginan berkarir di bidang IPA .penelitian mengunakan jenis penelitian survey.Instrumen penelitian berupa angket bertanggung jawab dan wawancara . teknik analisis data untuk angket bertanggung jawab menggunakan statistik deskriptif sedangkan analisis data wawancara menggunakan model miles dan huberman . hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada indikator pertama,implikasi sosial siswa terhadap IPA termasuk kedalam katagori cukup baik.dan pada indikator ketiga, keinginan berkarir dibidang IPA termasuk ke dalam kategori baik.
IDENTIFIKASI MINAT BACA PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Atrini Susi , Krismawanti Dany Tri 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik minat baca pada siswa SMP kelas VII yang masih memiliki sifat cepat tanggap dalam menerima informasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif dan jenis data yang diambil yaitu kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 62 siswa yang terdiri dari kelas VII B dan kelas VII F. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VII B dan siswa kelas VII F memilki minat baca yang cukup tinggi, data minat baca yang cukup tinggi ini diperoleh dari hasil pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS dan EXCEL yang menunjukkan persentase tertinggi yaitu pada karakteristik sikap setuju dengan nilai persentese 48,4% untuk kelas VII B dan 35,5% untuk kelas VII F.