bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of Temporomandibular Disorders before and after Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Abrahamsson Cecilia , Ekberg Ewa Carin , Henrikson Thor , Bondemark Lars 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To answer the question whether orthognathic surgery does affect the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).Materials and Methods: A literature survey in the PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases was performed and covered the period from January 1966 to April 2006. The inclusion criteria were controlled, prospective or retrospective studies comparing TMDs before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with malocclusion. There were no language restrictions, and three reviewers selected and extracted the data independently. The quality of the retrieved articles was evaluated by four reviewers.Results: The search strategy resulted in 467 articles, of which 3 met the inclusion criteria. Because of few studies with unambiguous results and heterogeneity in study design, the scientific evidence was insufficient to evaluate the effects that orthognathic surgery had on TMD. Moreover, the studies had problems with inadequate selection description, confounding factors, and lack of method error analysis.Conclusion: To obtain reliable scientific evidence, additional well-controlled and well-designed studies are needed to determine how and if orthognathic surgery alters signs and symptoms of TMD.
External Bleaching Effect on the Color and Luminosity of Inactive White-Spot Lesions after Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Knösel Michael , Attin Rengin , Becker Klaus , Attin Thomas 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of external bleaching on the color and luminosity of inactive white-spot lesions (WSLs) present after fixed orthodontic appliance treatment as means for achieving color matching of the WSLs with adjacent tooth surfaces.
Materials and Methods: Ten patients with inactive WSLs after therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances were selected. At baseline, the lightness of maxillary incisors and canines was assessed with a colorimeter. Color determinations were performed in the area of the initial lesions (F1) and at adjacent, sound enamel areas (F2). Then, anterior teeth were bleached once with a bleaching gel for 60 minutes. After a break of 14 days, in-office bleaching was followed by a 2-week home bleaching period with daily home bleaching for 1 hour. After this, color determinations were repeated. Additionally, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire to provide information about their degree of contentment with the treatment.
Results: The lightness values of both the F1 and F2 regions were significantly higher after bleaching as compared with baseline. F2 L-values increased significantly more as compared with F1, indicating a better color matching of these two areas in comparison with baseline. All patients were satisfied with the outcome of the bleaching therapy.
Conclusion: External bleaching is able to satisfactorily camouflage WSLs visible after therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Perceptions of Orthognathic Surgery Patient's Change in Profile
Authors: Montini Reid W. , McGorray Susan P. , Wheeler Timothy T. , Dolce Calogero 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objectives: To compare pairs of silhouettes generated from presurgical and 5-year postsurgical cephalometric radiographs to evaluate whether orthodontists, oral surgeons, and lay persons perceive changes in profile resulting from orthodontics and mandibular advancement surgical treatment.
Materials and Methods: A survey-based method of data collection was used to evaluate 15 pairs of silhouettes. These silhouettes included 1 control pair and 14 surgically treated pairs representing mandibular advancements ranging from 0.11 mm to 10.13 mm. Collected data were analyzed to determine whether changes can be perceived and whether these changes were esthetically pleasing.
Results: The control silhouette pair was identified by 104 of 127 evaluators. For the 14 surgical treated silhouette pairs, the vast majority of evaluators (N = 127; 53 orthodontists, 32 oral surgeons, and 42 lay persons) were able to identify changes in profile and individual features. At least one group of evaluators was able to perceive significant (P &lt; .05) improvement in the visual analog scale (VAS) score for all these silhouette pairs, except for the pair with 10.13 mm of mandibular advancement. This silhouette pair, which represented the largest mandibular advancement, was perceived to have a significant (P &lt; .05) worsening in the VAS score by the lay person group. There were significant differences among the groups of evaluators. Esthetic improvement in profile was perceived for 13 of 14 surgically treated silhouette pairs.
Conclusion: In some cases, orthodontists, oral surgeons, and lay persons perceived changes in profile differently.
Short-term Anteroposterior Treatment Effects of Functional Appliances and Extraoral Traction on Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Antonarakis Gregory Stylianos , Kiliaridis Stavros 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the anteroposterior short-term skeletal and dental effects on Class II malocclusion in growing patients following treatment with functional appliances (activators or twin block), extraoral traction, or combination appliances (appliances with both functional and extraoral traction components), based on published data.
Materials and Methods: A literature search was carried out identifying a total of nine prospective clinical trials. The data provided in the publications underwent meta-analysis using the random effects model with regard to SNA, SNB, ANB, and overjet.
Results: All appliance groups showed an improvement in sagittal intermaxillary relationships (decrease in ANB) when compared to untreated subjects. Activators and twin block appliances accomplish this mainly by acting on the mandible (increases in SNB) while twin block appliances also seem to act on the maxilla (decrease in SNA). Extraoral traction appliances achieve this by acting on the maxilla (decreases in SNA). Combination appliances mainly act on the mandible (increase in SNB). Activators, twin block, and combination appliances also reveal a decrease in overjet, which is not the case in the singular use of extraoral traction.
Conclusions: Intermaxillary changes being present in all appliance groups, anteroposterior treatment response following the use of functional appliances and/or extraoral traction in growing class II malocclusion patients is most evident in one of the two jaws (mandible for activators and combination appliances and maxilla for extraoral traction) except for the twin block group, which shows changes on both jaws.
Pain Intensity and Discomfort Following Surgical Placement of Orthodontic Anchoring Units and Premolar Extraction
Authors: Feldmann Ingalill , List Thomas , Feldmann Hartmut , Bondemark Lars 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate and compare perceived pain intensity and discomfort between the placement of two different orthodontic anchoring units designed for osseointegration and premolar extraction in adolescent patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 adolescent patients (60 girls and 60 boys) were recruited and randomized into three groups. Group A underwent installation of an onplant, group B installation of an Orthosystem implant, and group C premolar extraction. Pain intensity and discomfort, analgesic consumption, limitations in daily activities, and functional jaw impairment were evaluated the first evening and one week after the intervention.
Results: Pain intensity following surgical installation of an onplant was comparable to the pain intensity experienced after premolar extraction, but there was significantly less pain after surgical installation of an Orthosystem implant compared to installation of an onplant (P = .002) or premolar extraction (P = .007). The protective, vacuum-formed stent caused great discomfort, even more discomfort than the surgical sites following installation of the onplant or the Orthosystem implant.
Conclusion: The Orthosystem implant was better tolerated than the onplant in terms of pain intensity, discomfort, and analgesic consumption and was, therefore, the anchorage system of choice in a short-term perspective.
A Comparison of Hand-wrist Bone and Cervical Vertebral Analyses in Measuring Skeletal Maturation
Authors: Gandini Paola , Mancini Marta , Andreani Federico 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To compare skeletal maturation as measured by hand-wrist bone analysis and by cervical vertebral analysis.
Materials and Methods: A radiographic hand-wrist bone analysis and cephalometric cervical vertebral analysis of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females; 7–18 years of age) were examined. The hand-wrist bone analysis was evaluated by the Bjork index, whereas the cervical vertebral analysis was assessed by the cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS) method. To define vertebral stages, the analysis consisted of both cephalometric (13 points) and morphologic evaluation of three cervical vertebrae (concavity of second, third, and fourth vertebrae and shape of third and fourth vertebrae). These measurements were then compared with the hand-wrist bone analysis, and the results were statistically analyzed by the Cohen κ concordance index. The same procedure was repeated after 6 months and showed identical results.
Results: The Cohen κ index obtained (mean ± SD) was 0.783 ± 0.098, which is in the significant range. The results show a concordance of 83.3%, considering that the estimated percentage for each case is 23.3%. The results also show a correlation of CVMS I with Bjork stages 1–3 (interval A), CVMS II with Bjork stage 4 (interval B), CVMS III with Bjork stage 5 (interval C), CVMS IV with Bjork stages 6 and 7 (interval D), and CVMS V with Bjork stages 8 and 9 (interval E).
Conclusions: Vertebral analysis on a lateral cephalogram is as valid as the hand-wrist bone analysis with the advantage of reducing the radiation exposure of growing subjects.
A Self-Disinfecting Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Material Mixed with Chlorhexidine Solution
Authors: Wang Jian , Wan Qianbing , Chao Yonglie , Chen Yifan 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To examine the antibacterial effect and several physical properties of an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material mixed with chlorhexidine solution.
Materials and Methods: The experimental irreversible hydrocolloid specimens were prepared and allocated into four groups (Group0.1 g/L, Group0.2 g/L, Group0.5 g/L, Group1.0 g/L) according to the concentrations of chlorhexidine solution used as the mixing liquid. Specimens mixed with distilled water served as a control. The antibacterial effect, three-dimensional accuracy, flowability, and setting time were tested. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and a Tukey test, which was used for multiple comparisons (α = .05).
Results: Zones of growth inhibition were observed around the test specimens, but not around the control specimens, and there were significant intergroup differences in the diameters of the inhibition zones. In the accuracy test, no significant differences (P &gt; .05) were detected among all the measurements for all groups, and the accuracy was clinically acceptable. Also, no significant differences in the flowability (P = .987) and setting time (P = .103) were detected.
Conclusion: Chlorhexidine self-disinfecting irreversible hydrocolloid impression material can exhibit varying degrees of antibacterial activity without influencing the three-dimensional accuracy, flowability, and setting time.
Effects of Gradually Increasing Force Generated by Permanent Rare Earth Magnets for Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Tomizuka Ryo , Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Shimizu Yoshinaka , Suzuki Akihiro , Igarashi Kaoru , Mitani Hideo 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To examine the effects of gradually increasing force generated by permanent rare earth magnets for orthodontic tooth movement by using a novel experimental rat model and computer simulation.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-five male rats (age 18 weeks) were used as animal experiments. Magnetic (experimental groups) or titanium (control group) cuboids (1.5 × 1.5 × 0.7 mm) were bonded to the lingual surface of the maxillary first molars. The initial distance between materials was 1.0 mm, generating 4.96 gf (experimental group I), or 1.5 mm, generating 2.26 gf (experimental group II). Tooth movement was measured and periodontal structures were observed with microfocus x-ray computed tomography radiographs.
Results: The distance between the magnets decreased with time in experimental groups I and II (P &lt; .001), whereas there was no tooth displacement in the control group. Experimental group I showed rapid tooth movement in the initial phase followed by slower tooth movement. Experimental group II showed gradual tooth movement. Horizontal sections on microfocus computed tomgraphy radiographs revealed no pathological changes, such as root resorption, on the compressed side in the experimental groups.
Conclusions: The initial light force and gradual increasing force in magnetic attractive force induced effective tooth movement in rats without inducing any pathological changes.
Microbiological Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouth Rinse in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Sari Emel , Birinci Ilhan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To assess the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, aged 13–18, with fixed orthodontic appliances participated in the study. The levels of S mutans and lactobacilli in saliva samples were evaluated at four stages: at the beginning of the orthodontic treatment, at least 2 weeks after the bonding of brackets, 1 week after the introduction of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse, and at the fourth week. The changes in S mutans and lactobacilli levels were analyzed via Wilcoxon test.Results: Increases in bacterial levels of S mutans and lactobacilli were detected after the orthodontic appliances were bonded. A significant decrease in S mutans levels was observed 1 week after the introduction of chlorhexidine mouth rinse.Conclusions: An 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse decreased S mutans levels, but had no effect on lactobacilli levels.
Developmentally Regulated Expression of Msx1, Msx2 and Fgfs in the Developing Mouse Cranial Base
Authors: Nie Xuguang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To examine the expression pattern of the Fgf and Msx genes in cranial base development.Materials and Methods: To detect the expression of these genes, antisense riboprobes were synthesized by in vitro transcription. Radioactive in situ hybridization was performed on parasagittal sections of embryonic mouse heads.Results: Msx2 was observed in the underlying perichondrium at restricted stages. Msx1 was not observed in cranial base development. Fgf1 was localized in osteogenic cells from the time of ossification; Fgf10 was highly expressed in the occipital-vertebral joint during E13 to E14; Fgf2, Fgf7, and Fgf18 were localized in the perichondria; Fgf12 was transitorily expressed at early chondrocranium; Fgf9 was seen in the hypertrophic chondrocytes.Conclusions: The Fgf and Msx gene expression in the cranial base was different from that of other skeletons.
Treatment of a Patient with Metal Hypersensitivity after Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Kitaura Hideki , Fujimura Yuji , Nakao Noriko , Eguchi Toshiko , Yoshida Noriaki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this case report, orthodontic materials may have induced metal allergic reactions in the form of lip swelling and redness after orthognathic surgery. Two months after surgery, the patient suffered continuous lip swelling and redness. She visited a dermatological hospital and was diagnosed with herpes. However, since her symptoms did not improve after 1-month of drug therapy, a metal allergy was subsequently suggested. Patch tests conducted in the dental hospital revealed reactions to chromium, which is not used in prosthetic appliances. For confirmation, the metal composition of all prosthetic appliances was examined using a fluorescent x-ray analyzer, but no chromium was detected (copper, gold, palladium, and silver were detected). However, the orthodontic brackets, wires, and bands do contain chromium and, considering that they may have induced the metal allergic reactions, they were replaced with materials made of polymer with no metals. As a result, the lip swelling and redness improved. For retention, the anterior part of the retainer was bonded on the lingual side of the anterior lower and upper jaws. During retention, no further symptoms of hypersensitivity were observed, suggesting that the nonmetal polymer is useful for treatment of metal allergic patients.
Interdisciplinary Treatment of an Adult Patient with Old Extraction Sites
Authors: Taner Tülin Ugur , Germec Derya , Er Nuray , Tulunoglu Ibrahim 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This case report describes the interdisciplinary treatment of a 31-year-old female patient showing a protrusive profile, maxillary constriction, mandibular crowding, a Class III canine relationship complicated with multiple missing teeth, old atrophic extraction sites, and periodontal defects. The lower dental arch irregularity was eliminated by air-rotor stripping (ARS). The upper extraction site was opened for prosthetic rehabilitation, whereas closure of the lower extraction space was preferred. The narrow alveolar crest of the atrophic bone was augmented with the use of autogenous bone, beta-tricalcium phosphate (Cerasorb®), and autogenous platelet-rich plasma. A functional and esthetic occlusion in an improved facial profile was established at the end of orthodontic treatment combined with ARS technique, surgery, and prosthodontics.
Influence of Anterior Occlusal Characteristics on Self-perceived Dental Appearance in Young Adults
Authors: Bernabe Eduardo , Flores-Mir Carlos 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine the individual and combined influence of some anterior occlusal characteristics on self-perceived dental appearance in a sample of young adults.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a dental clinic of a private university in Lima, Peru. A total of 267 first-year students (16 to 25 years old) were randomly selected. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to determine the self-perceived dental appearance. Clinical examinations were conducted to determine incisal irregularity, anterior dentoalveolar spacing, midline diastema, anterior missing teeth, overjet, and overbite. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the individual and combined influence of each anterior occlusal characteristic on self-perceived dental appearance.
Results: From the eight occlusal characteristics and two covariables evaluated, only maxillary and mandible incisal irregularity (P = .001 and .002 respectively), presence of anterosuperior spacing (P &lt; .001), and number of missing anterior teeth (P = .003) were inversely associated with self-perceived dental appearance, whereas gender (male) was directly associated to the dependent variable (P = .021). Specifically, anterior maxillary spacing, maxillary incisal irregularity, mandible incisal irregularity, and the number of missing teeth were, in that order, the anterior occlusal characteristics with the most negative influence on self-perceived dental appearance.
Conclusions: This study confirmed that occlusal characteristics in the anterior portion of the mouth play a role on dental esthetics. However, it should be emphasized that their grouped influence is minimal (less than 20%).
Smile Attractiveness
Authors: Van der Geld Pieter , Oosterveld Paul , Van Heck Guus , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate self-perception of smile attractiveness and to determine the role of smile line and other aspects correlated with smile attractiveness and their influence on personality traits.
Subjects and Methods: Participants judged their smile attractiveness with a patient-specific questionnaire. The questionnaire contained a spontaneous smiling photograph of the participant. Objective smile-line height was measured using a digital videographic method for smile analysis. Personality was assessed with the Dutch Personality Index.
Results: Cronbach's α for the smile judgment questionnaire was .77. The results showed that size of teeth, visibility of teeth, and upper lip position were critical factors in self-perception of smile attractiveness (social dimension). Color of teeth and gingival display were critical factors in satisfaction with smile appearance (individual dimension). Participants, smiling with teeth entirely displayed and some gingival display (two to four millimeters), perceived their smile line as most esthetic. Smiles with disproportional gingival display were judged negatively and correlated with the personality characteristics of neuroticism and self-esteem. Visibility and position of teeth correlated with dominance.
Conclusion: The results of this research underpin the psychosocial importance and the dental significance of an attractive smile.
Outcome of Orthognathic Surgery in Chinese Patients
Authors: Chew Ming Tak , Sandham Andrew , Soh Jen , Wong Hwee Bee 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the outcome of orthognathic surgery by objective cephalometric measurement of posttreatment soft-tissue profile and by subjective evaluation of profile esthetics by laypersons and clinicians.
Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 Chinese patients who had completed combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment. The posttreatment cephalograms of these patients were analyzed with respect to profile convexity, facial height, and lip contours and these were compared to the previously established esthetic norms. Line drawings of the soft-tissue profile were displayed to a panel comprising six laypersons and six clinicians who scored the esthetics of each profile using a 7-point scale.
Results: Complete normalization of cephalometric soft-tissue variables was not achieved with orthognathic surgery in most patients, with four of the six soft-tissue cephalometric measurements showing significant differences compared to the esthetic norms. There were good correlations in the esthetic scores between laypersons and clinicians, even though clinicians tend to rate the profiles more favorably. Facial convexity and facial height did not significantly influence the subjective scores of both the laypersons and clinicians. Lower lip protrusion was the only cephalometric variable that significantly influenced clinicians' assessment of profile esthetics (P &lt; .01).
Conclusions: Profile convexity and lower facial height proportion had little influence on both lay and professional perception of profile esthetics. Lower lip position is the only cephalometric variable that significantly influenced clinicians' assessment of profile esthetics.