bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mystik and Technik: Arnold Sommerfeld and Early‐Weimar Quantum Theory
Authors: Seth Suman 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMystik und Technik: Arnold Sommerfeld und die frühe Weimarer Quantentheorie. In seinem mittlerweile klassisch zu nennenden Aufsatz von 1971 über Physik und Kultur der Weimarer Zeit führte Paul Forman den Fall des Münchener Professors der Theoretischen Physik, Arnold Sommerfeld, als beredtes Beispiel für die linguistische Anpassung eines anerkannten Physikers an ein antagonistisches kulturelles Milieu an. Nicht gerade für phantastische Höhenflüge bekannt, began Sommerfeld – in der Zeit unmittelbar nach Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs – von Zahlenmysterien und ihrer Rolle in der Quantenspektroskopie zu sprechen. Forman nahm dies als genau den Beleg für “die Bereitschaft sogar eines Sommerfelds, mit antiwissenschaftlichen Tendenzen zu liebäugeln, die er eigentlich verabscheute”. Ohne die Dominanz des Mystizismus im populären Diskurs der Weimarer Zeit leugnen zu wollen, wird in diesem Beitrag vorgeschlagen, Sommerfelds Gebrauch des Begriffs ‘Mystik’ nicht als Tribut an eine feindliche Öffentlichkeit, sondern als integralen Bestandteil der von ihm geübten Praxis Theoretischer Physik, die er “die Technik der Quanten” nannte, zu sehen. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht erstens die produktive Rolle von ‘Mystik’ innerhalb von ‘Technik’ der frühen quantentheoretischen Forschung der Weimarer Zeit und zweitens Niels Bohrs geniale Verknüpfung der klassischen und der Quanten‐Welt durch sein ‘Korrespondenz‐prinzip’, welches Sommerfeld als (minderwertige) Alternative zu seiner eigenen ‘Technik’ ansah.Mystik and Technik: Arnold Sommerfeld and Early‐Weimar Quantum Theory. In his now‐classic 1971 paper on physics and Weimar culture, Paul Forman cited the case of Munich's professor of theoretical physics, Arnold Sommerfeld, as a telling example of a respected physicist's linguistic adaptation to an antagonistic cultural milieu. Hardly known for his flights of fancy, Sommerfeld began to speak – in the period after the end of the First World War – of number‐mysteries and their place in quantum spectroscopy. For Forman, this was evidence of “the readiness of even a Sommerfeld to flirt with the very anti‐scientific tendencies he deplored”. Without denying the prevalence of talk of mysticism in popular discourse during the Weimar period, this paper suggests that one should see Sommerfeld's use of the term ‘Mystik’ not as mere pandering to a hostile public, but as an integral part of the practice of his theoretical physics, what he termed “the craft of the quantum” (”die Technik der Quanten”). This paper, then, examines, first, the productive place of ‘Mystik’ within ‘Technik’ in early‐Weimar quantum‐theoretical research and, second, what Sommerfeld saw as the (lesser) alternative to his own ‘Technik’, Niels Bohr's gifted intermingling of the classical and quantum worlds through his ‘principle of correspondence’.
From MRI to anatomical simulation of the hip joint
Authors: Assassi Lazhari , Charbonnier Caecilia , Schmid Jérôme , Volino Pascal , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a methodology for the simulation of musculoskeletal disorders. Our clinical study is related to osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip, a pathogenesis possibly due to impingements. These bone collisions lead to abnormal joint mechanics which is characterized by contact pressure and stress distribution upon the joint cartilages. The proposed methodology combines different approaches from modeling to simulation. The simulation is based on patient‐specific anatomical models, where acquisition modalities are noninvasive and flexible. Based on static magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, a discrete deformable models method is used for modeling the organs of the musculoskeletal system. Femoroacetabular movements are estimated using an optical motion capture system and are validated by a dynamic MRI analysis. To achieve accurate deformations, techniques to generate volumetric meshes are developed based on the medial axis (MA) information. Finally, a computationally efficient fast functional joint model is used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the soft tissues. The goal of such a simulation is to allow the investigation of the relevant contact and cartilages deformation under movement, which can be useful for diagnosis, pre‐ or post‐operative planning and training. This will benefit further developments in surgical techniques and minimally invasive procedures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retrograde adenoviral vector targeting of nociresponsive pontospinal noradrenergic neurons in the rat in vivo
Authors: Howorth Patrick W. , Teschemacher Anja G. , Pickering Anthony E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe spinal dorsal horn receives a dense innervation of noradrenaline‐containing fibers that originate from pontine neurons in the A5, locus coeruleus (LC), and A7 cell groups. These pontospinal neurons are believed to constitute a component of the endogenous analgesic system. We used an adenoviral vector with a catecholaminergic‐selective promoter (AVV‐PRS) to retrogradely label the noradrenergic neurons projecting to the lumbar (L4–L5) dorsal horn with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP). Retrogradely labeled neurons (145 ± 12, n = 14) were found in A5‐12%, LC‐80% and A7‐8% after injection of AVV‐PRS‐EGFP to the dorsal horn of L4–L5. These neurons were immunopositive for dopamine β‐hydroxylase, indicating that they were catecholaminergic. Retrograde labeling was optimal 7 days after injection, persisted for over 4 weeks, and was dependent on viral vector titer. The spinal topography of the noradrenergic projection was examined using EGFP‐ and mRFP‐expressing adenoviral vectors. Pontospinal neurons provide bilateral innervation of the cord and there was little overlap in the distribution of neurons projecting to the cervical and lumbar regions. The axonal arbor of the pontospinal neurons was visualized with GFP immunocytochemistry to show projections to the inferior olive, cerebellum, thalamus, and cortex but not to the hippocampus or caudate putamen. Formalin testing evoked c‐fos expression in these pontospinal neurons, suggesting that they were nociresponsive (A5‐21%, LC‐16%, and A7‐26%, n = 8). Thus, we have developed a viral vector‐based strategy to selectively, retrogradely target the pontospinal noradrenergic neurons that are likely to be involved in the descending control of nociception. J. Comp. Neurol. 512:141–157, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the amphid sensilla in the microbial feeding nematode, Acrobeles complexus (nematoda: Rhabditida)
Authors: Bumbarger Daniel J. , Wijeratne Sitara , Carter Cale , Crum John , Ellisman Mark H. , Baldwin James G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAmphid sensilla are the primary olfactory, chemoreceptive, and thermoreceptive organs in nematodes. Their function is well described for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, but it is not clear to what extent we can generalize these findings to distantly related nematodes of medical, economic, and agricultural importance. Current detailed descriptions of anatomy and sensory function are limited to nematodes that recent molecular phylogenies would place in the same taxonomic family, the Rhabditidae. Using serial thin‐section transmission electron microscopy, we reconstructed the anatomy of the amphid sensilla in the more distantly related nematode, Acrobeles complexus (Cephalobidae). Amphid structure is broadly conserved in number and arrangement of cells. Details of cell anatomy differ, particularly for the sensory neurite termini. We identify an additional sensory neuron not found in the amphid of C. elegans and propose homology with the C. elegans interneuron AUA. Hypotheses of homology for the remaining sensory neurons are also proposed based on comparisons between C. elegans, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Haemonchus contortus. J. Comp. Neurol. 512:271–281, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
17β‐estradiol regulation of the mRNA expression of t‐type calcium channel subunits: Role of estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β
Authors: Bosch Martha A. , Hou Jingwen , Fang Yuan , Kelly Martin J. , RØnnekleiv Oline K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLow‐voltage‐activated (T‐type) calcium channels are responsible for burst firing and transmitter release in neurons and are important for exocytosis and hormone secretion in pituitary cells. T‐type channels contain an α1 subunit, of which there are three subtypes, Cav3.1, ‐3.2, and ‐3.3, and each subtype has distinct kinetic characteristics. Although 17β‐estradiol (E2) modulates T‐type calcium channel expression and function, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. We used real‐time PCR quantification of RNA extracted from hypothalamic nuclei and pituitary in vehicle and E2‐treated C57BL/6 mice to elucidate E2‐mediated regulation of Cav3.1, ‐3.2, and ‐3.3 subunits. The three subunits were expressed in both the hypothalamus and the pituitary. E2 treatment increased the mRNA expression of Cav3.1 and ‐3.2, but not Cav3.3, in the medial preoptic area and the arcuate nucleus. In the pituitary, Cav3.1 was increased with E2 treatment, and Cav3.2 and ‐3.3 were decreased. To examine whether the classical estrogen receptors (ERs) were involved in the regulation, we used ERα‐ and ERβ‐deficient C57BL/6 mice and explored the effects of E2 on T‐type channel subtypes. Indeed, we found that the E2‐induced increase in Cav3.1 in the hypothalamus was dependent on ERα, whereas the E2 effect on Cav3.2 was dependent on both ERα and ERβ. However, the E2‐induced effects in the pituitary were dependent on only the expression of ERα. The robust E2 regulation of T‐type calcium channels could be an important mechanism by which E2 increases the excitability of hypothalamic neurons and modulates pituitary secretion. J. Comp. Neurol. 512:347–358, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ADAM8 is selectively up‐regulated in endothelial cells and is associated with angiogenesis after spinal cord injury in adult mice
Authors: Mahoney Edward T. , Benton Richard L. , Maddie Melissa A. , Whittemore Scott R. , Hagg Theo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractEndothelial cell (EC) loss and subsequent angiogenesis occur over the first week after spinal cord injury (SCI). To identify molecular mechanisms that could be targeted with intravenous (i.v.) treatments, we determined whether transmembrane “a disintegrin and metalloprotease” (ADAM) proteins are expressed in ECs of the injured spinal cord. ADAMs bind to integrins, which are important for EC survival and angiogenesis. Female adult C57Bl/6 mice with a spinal cord contusion had progressively more ADAM8 (CD156) immunostaining in blood vessels and individual ECs between 1 and 28 days following injury. Uninjured spinal cords had little ADAM8 staining. The increase in ADAM8 mRNA and protein was confirmed in spinal cord lysates, and ADAM8 mRNA was present in FACS‐enriched ECs. ADAM8 colocalized extensively and exclusively with the EC marker PECAM and also with i.v.‐injected lectins. Intravenous isolectin B4 (IB4) labels a subpopulation of blood vessels at and within the injury epicenter 3–7 days after injury, coincident with angiogenesis. Both ADAM8 and the proliferation marker Ki‐67 were present in IB4‐positive microvessels. ADAM8‐positive proliferating cells were seen at the leading end of IB4‐positive blood vessels. Angiogenesis was confirmed by BrdU incorporation, binding of i.v.‐injected nucleolin antibodies, and MT1‐MMP immunostaining in a subset of blood vessels. These data suggest that ADAM8 is vascular selective and plays a role in proliferation and/or migration of ECs during angiogenesis following SCI. J. Comp. Neurol. 512:243–255, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current‐mode wave field programmable analogue arrays
Authors: Souliotis George , Fragoulis Nikos , Giannakopoulos Konstantine , Besiris Dimitris , Zigouris Evangelos 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA new configurable analogue block (CAB), the key element in the design of field programmable analogue arrays (FPAAs), is introduced in this paper. This CAB is based on wave equivalents of the passive elements and it is easily reconfigurable resulting in very simple and versatile FPAA structures. The proposed topology employs a minimum number of switches in the signal path due to the absence of the interconnection network required in other FPAA structures, and thus an improved performance is achieved in comparison with the already introduced corresponding programmable configurations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retinoic acid signaling in development: Tissue‐specific functions and evolutionary origins
Authors: Campo‐Paysaa Florent , Marlétaz Ferdinand , Laudet Vincent , Schubert Michael 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A‐derived morphogen important for axial patterning and organ formation in developing vertebrates and invertebrate chordates (tunicates and cephalochordates). Recent analyses of genomic data have revealed that the molecular components of the RA signaling cascade are also present in other invertebrate groups, such as hemichordates and sea urchins. In this review, we reassess the evolutionary origins of the RA signaling pathway by examining the presence of key factors of this signaling cascade in different metazoan genomes and by comparing tissue‐specific roles for RA during development of different animals. This discussion of genomic and developmental data suggests that RA signaling might have originated earlier in metazoan evolution than previously thought. On the basis of this hypothesis, we conclude by proposing a scenario for the evolution of RA functions during development, which highlights functional gains and lineage‐specific losses during metazoan diversification. genesis 46:640–656, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free exploration of painting uncovers particularly loose yoking of saccades in dyslexics
Authors: Kapoula Zoï , Ganem Rebecca , Poncet Sarah , Gintautas Daunys , Eggert Thomas , Brémond‐Gignac Dominique , Bucci Maria Pia 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBinocular yoking of saccades is essential for single vision of words during reading. This study examines the quality of binocular coordination in individuals with dyslexia, independent of the process of reading. Fifteen dyslexia children (11.2±1.4 years) and 15 non‐dyslexia individuals (8 children, aged 11.1±1.3 years, and 7 adults, 24±3 years) were studied. Eye movements were recorded in two conditions. In the control condition, participants made saccades to a single target where the saccade direction and magnitude were controlled. In the experimental condition saccades were allowed to move freely while viewing paintings. The results indicated that, compared with the non‐dyslexia group, the dyslexia group showed a larger saccade amplitude difference between the two eyes, as well as a larger conjugate post‐saccadic drift, during painting exploration than that for saccades to a single target. While both groups showed a larger disconjugate post‐saccadic drift during painting exploration relative to the control condition, this showed a negative correlation with saccade disconjugacy (i.e. disconjugate drift reduced the disparity) only for the non‐dyslexia group. These results indicate that individuals with dyslexia have problems of binocular coordination, both during the saccade and fixations, which are independent of the reading process. It is suggested that this reflects an immaturity of the normal oculomotor learning mechanisms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competence and warmth in context: The compensatory nature of stereotypic views of national groups
Authors: Kervyn Nicolas , Yzerbyt Vincent Y. , Demoulin Stephanie , Judd Charles M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn two experiments we show that the context in which groups are perceived influences how they are judged in a compensatory manner on the fundamental dimensions of social judgment, that is, warmth and competence. We manipulate the type of country (high in competence and low in warmth vs. high in warmth and low in competence) to which a target country is compared. Our data show that the target country is perceived as warmer and less competent when the comparison country is stereotypically high (vs. low) in competence and low (vs. high) in warmth. We also found compensation correlationally across targets and across dimensions in that the higher the comparison country is rated on one of the two dimensions, the higher the target country is rated on the other. Compensation effects are shown to affect judgments of both the ingroup (Experiment 1) and an outgroup (Experiment 2). Our results shed new light on context effects in group judgments as well as on the compensatory relation of the two fundamental dimensions of social judgment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communion and agency judgments of women and men as a function of role information and response format
Authors: Bosak Janine , Sczesny Sabine , Eagly Alice H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn past research, the presentation of men and women in the same social role has eliminated gender stereotypical ratings of greater agency and lesser communion in men compared with women. The social‐role interpretation of such findings is challenged from the shifting‐standards perspective, which suggests that the application of within‐sex judgmental standards to men and women in roles may have masked underlying gender stereotypes. To clarify this issue, 256 participants judged an average man or woman portrayed as an employee, homemaker, or without role information on agentic and communal traits. These judgments were given on subjective scales that were vulnerable to shifting standards (trait ratings) or on common rule measures that restrain shifting standards (estimates of test scores). As predicted from the shifting‐standards perspective, judgments of greater agency in men than women disappeared in the presence of role information only on the subjective scales, which enabled shifts to within‐sex standards. As predicted from the social‐role perspective, judgments of greater communion in women than men disappeared in the presence of the homemaker role on both the subjective and common rule measures. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding judgments of role occupants' agency and communion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct roles of left inferior frontal regions that explain individual differences in second language acquisition
Authors: Sakai Kuniyoshi L. , Nauchi Arihito , Tatsuno Yoshinori , Hirano Kazuyoshi , Muraishi Yukimasa , Kimura Masakazu , Bostwick Mike , Yusa Noriaki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSecond language (L2) acquisition is more susceptible to environmental and idiosyncratic factors than first language acquisition. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging for L2 learners of different ages of first exposure (mean: 12.6 and 5.6 years) in a formal school environment, and compared the cortical activations involved in processing English sentences containing either syntactic or spelling errors, where the testing ages and task performances of both groups were matched. We found novel activation patterns in two regions of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) that correlated differentially with the performances of the late and early learners. Specifically, activations of the dorsal and ventral triangular part (F3t) of the left IFG correlated positively with the accuracy of the syntactic task for the late learners, whereas activations of the left ventral F3t correlated negatively with the accuracy for the early learners. In contrast, other cortical regions exhibited differential correlation patterns with the reaction times (RTs) of the syntactic task. Namely, activations of the orbital part (F3O) of the left IFG, as well as those of the left angular gyrus, correlated positively with the RTs for the late learners, whereas those activations correlated negatively with the RTs for the early learners. Moreover, the task‐selective activation of the left F3O was maintained for both the late and early learners. These results explain individual differences in L2 acquisition, such that the acquisition of linguistic knowledge in L2 is subserved by at least two distinct inferior frontal regions of the left F3t and F3O. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscarinic receptor blockade in ventral hippocampus and prelimbic cortex impairs memory for socially transmitted food preference
Authors: Carballo‐Márquez Anna , Vale‐Martínez Anna , Guillazo‐Blanch Gemma , Martí‐Nicolovius Margarita 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAcetylcholine is involved in learning and memory and, particularly, in olfactory tasks, but reports on its specific role in consolidation processes are somewhat controversial. The present experiment sought to determine the effects of blocking muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and the prelimbic cortex (PLC) on the consolidation of social transmission of food preference, an odor‐guided relational task that depends on such brain areas. Adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally infused with scopolamine (20 μg/site) immediately after social training and showed impairment, relative to vehicle‐injected controls, in the expression of the task measured 24 h after learning. Results indicated that scopolamine in the PLC completely abolished memory, suggesting that muscarinic transmission in this cortical region is crucial for consolidation of recent socially acquired information. Muscarinic receptors in the vHPC contribute in some way to task consolidation, as the rats injected with scopolamine in the vHPC showed significantly lower trained food preference than control rats, but higher than both chance level and that of the PLC‐injected rats. Behavioral measures such as social interaction, motivation to eat, neophobia, or exploration did not differ between rats infused with scopolamine or vehicle. Such data suggest a possible differential role of muscarinic receptors in the PLC and the vHPC in the initial consolidation of a naturalistic form of nonspatial relational memory. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer among Scandinavian women with cosmetic breast implants: A pooled long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Lipworth Loren , Tarone Robert E. , Friis Søren , Ye Weimin , Olsen Jørgen H. , Nyren Olof , McLaughlin Joseph K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNo increased risks of specific types of cancer following breast implantation have been consistently reported, but data on risk beyond 15 years are limited. We have pooled the results of 2 nationwide cohort studies of 3,486 Swedish and 2,736 Danish women who underwent cosmetic breast implantation between 1965 and 1993. Cancer incidence through 2002 was ascertained through nationwide cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare cancer incidence among women with implants with women in the general population. Mean duration of follow up was 16.6 years (range 0.1–37.8 years). Over 50% of women were followed for 15 years or more after breast implantation and 13.3% for at least 25 years. There was a reduced incidence of breast cancer (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.58–0.90), whereas lung cancer was above expectation (SIR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.10–2.36). The increased risk of lung cancer is expected due to the high prevalence of smoking among the women with implants in our study. With respect to other site‐specific cancers, no significantly increased or decreased SIR was observed. This study, which includes women followed for almost 4 decades, represents the longest follow up of women with cosmetic breast implants to date. The results provide no evidence of an association between breast implants and any type of cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.