bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 12 days of artificial rearing on morphology of hypoglossal motoneurons innervating tongue retrusors in rat
Authors: Smith J. Chadwick , Mcclung J. Ross , Goldberg Stephen J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of reduced tongue activity by artificial rearing on the morphology of motoneurons innervating the extrinsic tongue retrusors. Artificially reared rat pups were fed via gastric cannula from postnatal day 3 to postnatal day 14. Artificially reared animals and dam‐reared controls had cholera toxin (subunit B) conjugate of horseradish peroxidase injected into the styloglossus to label motoneurons innervating hyoglossus and styloglossus on postnatal day 13 and postnatal day 59. Following perfusion on postnatal days 14 and 60, serial transverse sections treated with tetramethyl benzidine and counterstained neutral red were used to analyze motoneuron morphology. The shorter diameter of hyoglossus motoneurons increased with age for the dam‐reared but not the artificially reared group. There was a tendency for a similar pattern for styloglossus motoneurons across the two rearing groups. The changes in form factor reflected the changes in shorter diameter for both motoneuron pools. Therefore, reducing suckling activity during normal postnatal development leads to diminished motoneuron somal growth in rats. This may also be the case in premature infants necessarily fed artificially. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tail equivalence relationships for ruin probabilities in several risk models
Authors: Hu Feng , Yin Chuancun , Zong Zhaojun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper is a further investigation into the ruin probability ψ(x) in several risk models, where x is the initial surplus. Under the assumption that the claim sizes are heavy‐tailed, we get some tail equivalence relationships of ψ(x). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric extreme interdependence in emerging equity markets
Authors: Vaz de Melo Mendes Beatriz 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe assess the extent of integration between stock markets during stressful periods using the concept of copulas. Our methodology consists of fitting copulas to simultaneous exceedances of high thresholds, and computing copula‐based measures of interdependence and contagion. Using 21 pairs of emerging stock markets daily returns, we investigate if dependence increases with crisis, and analyse the chances of both markets crashing together. Dependence at joint positive and negative extreme returns levels may differ. This type of asymmetry is captured by the upper and lower tail dependence coefficients. Propagation of crisis may be faster in one direction, and this feature is captured by asymmetric copulas. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ridge regression in two‐parameter solution
Authors: Lipovetsky Stan , Conklin W. Michael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider simultaneous minimization of the model errors, deviations from orthogonality between regressors and errors, and deviations from other desired properties of the solution. This approach corresponds to a regularized objective that produces a consistent solution not prone to multicollinearity. We obtain a generalization of the ridge regression to two‐parameter model that always outperforms a regular one‐parameter ridge by better approximation, and has good properties of orthogonality between residuals and predicted values of the dependent variable. The results are very convenient for the analysis and interpretation of the regression. Numerical runs prove that this technique works very well. The examples are considered for marketing research problems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction in diabetes‐induced craniofacial defects by maternal immune stimulation
Authors: Hrubec Terry C. , Prater M. Renee , Toops Kimberly A. , Holladay Steven D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUND: Maternal diabetes can induce a number of developmental abnormalities in laboratory animals and humans, including facial deformities and defects in neural tube closure. The incidence of birth defects in newborns of diabetic women is approximately 3–5 times higher than among non‐diabetics. In mice, non‐specific activation of the maternal immune system can reduce fetal abnormalities caused by diverse etiologies, including diabetes induced neural tube defects. This study was conducted to determine whether non‐specific maternal immune stimulation could reduce diabetes‐induced craniofacial defects as well. METHODS: Maternal immune function was stimulated before streptozocin (STZ) treatment by maternal footpad injection with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), maternal intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), or maternal i.p. injection with interferon‐γ (IFNγ). Streptozocin (200 mg/kg i.p.) was used to induce hyperglycemia (26–35 mmol blood glucose) in female ICR mice before breeding. Fetuses from 12–18 litters per treatment group, were collected at Day 17 of gestation. RESULTS: Craniofacial defects were observed in fetuses from all hyperglycemic groups. The incidence of defects was significantly decreased in fetuses from dams immune stimulated with IFNγ or GM‐CSF. The most common defects were reduced maxillary and mandibular lengths. Both were prevented by maternal stimulation with GM‐CSF. CONCLUSION: Maternal immune stimulation reduced the incidence of diabetic craniofacial embryopathy. The mechanisms for these protective effects are unknown but may involve maternal or fetal production of cytokines or growth factors that protect the fetus from the dysregulatory effects of hyperglycemia. Birth Defects Res Part B 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Entwurfsparameter für fugenlose Betonbrücken mit gekrümmtem Grundriß
Authors: Pötzl Michael , Maisel Jürgen 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDie gekrümmte Grundrißform läßt sich optimal mit der fugenlosen Bauweise kombinieren. Denn Zwängungen aus Temperaturschwankungen und Betonschwinden lassen sich durch horizontales “Atmen” des Überbaus auf niedrigem Niveau halten. Damit können aufwendige technologische und konstruktive Maßnahmen zur Beherrschung der Rißbildung vermieden und Kosten gesenkt werden. Zudem eröffnen sich neue Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten. Im folgenden Beitrag wird gezeigt, daß zum Entwerfen gekrümmter Betonbrücken bereits wenige Parameter ausreichen.
Innovative Betondeckung – chemisch‐physikalische und mechanische Voraussetzungen
Authors: Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAufbauend auf experimentelle Untersuchungen von unterschiedlichen Mörtelzusammensetzungen der Betondeckung werden die chemisch‐physikalischen und mechanischen Anforderungen diskutiert. Das Ziel einer funktionstüchtigen Betondeckung ist es einerseits eine Schutzfunktion für die darunterliegende Stahlbewehrung und andererseits den Verbund zwischen Beton und Stahl zu gewährleisten. Verschiedene Betonmischungen mit und ohne Beschichtung wurden auf deren Permeabilität und deren Verhalten bei konzentrierter NaCl‐Einwirkung untersucht. An Hand von Bauaufnahmen wurden die realen Betondeckungen an Hoch‐ und Brückenbauelementen gemessen, statistisch ausgewertet und dem Sollmaß der Planvorgaben gegenübergestellt. Auf diesen Grundlagen werden konstruktive Folgerungen für die Praxis gezogen.
An Energetic Measure of Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity Based on the Pauling–Wheland Resonance Energies
Authors: Mo Yirong , Schleyer Paul von Ragué 
Published: December 2005

AbstractVarious criteria based on geometric, energetic, magnetic, and electronic properties are employed to delineate aromatic and antiaromatic systems. The recently proposed block‐localized wave function (BLW) method evaluates the original Pauling–Wheland adiabatic resonance energy (ARE), defined as the energy difference between the real conjugated system and the corresponding virtual most stable resonance structure. The BLW‐derived ARE of benzene is 57.5 kcal mol−1 with the 6‐311+G** basis set. Kistiakowsky's historical experimental evaluation of the stabilization energy of benzene (36 kcal mol−1), based on heats of hydrogenation, seriously underestimates this quantity due to the neglect of the partially counterbalancing hyperconjugative stabilization of cyclohexene, employed as the reference olefin (three times) in Kistiakowsky's evaluation. Based instead on the bond‐separation‐energy reaction involving ethene, which has no hyperconjugation, as well as methane and ethane, the experimental resonance energy of benzene is found to be 65.0 kcal mol−1. We derived the “extra cyclic resonance energy” (ECRE) to characterize and measure the extra stabilization (aromaticity) of conjugated rings. ECRE is the difference between the AREs of a fully cyclically conjugated compound and an appropriate model with corresponding, but interrupted (acyclic) conjugation. Based on 1,3,5‐hexatriene, which also has three double bonds, the ECRE of benzene is 36.7 kcal mol−1, whereas based on 1,3,5,7‐octatetraene, which has three diene conjugations, the ECRE of benzene is 25.7 kcal mol−1. Computations on a series of aromatic, nonaromatic, and antiaromatic five‐membered rings validate the BLW‐computed resonance energies (ARE). ECRE data on the five‐membered rings (derived from comparisons with acyclic models) correlate well with nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) and other quantitative aromaticity criteria. The ARE of cyclobutadiene is almost the same as butadiene but is 10.5 kcal mol−1 less than 1,3,5‐hexatriene, which also has two diene conjugations. The instability and high reactivity of cyclobutadiene thus mainly result from the σ‐frame strain and the π–π Pauli repulsion.
Chemical Waves
Authors: Biosa Grazia , Bastianoni Simone , Rustici Mauro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn our paper we try to describe the basic concepts of chemical waves and spatial pattern formation in a simple way. We pay particular attention to self‐organisation phenomena in extended excitable systems. These result in the appearance of travelling waves, spiral waves, target patterns, Turing structures or more complicated structures called scroll waves, which are three‐dimensional systems. We describe the most famous oscillating reaction, the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, in greater detail. This is because it is of great interest in both physical chemistry and in studies on the evolution and sustenance of self‐organising biological systems.
Polynuclear Lanthanide Hydroxo Complexes: New Chemical Precursors for Coordination Polymers.
Authors: Mahe N. , Guillou O. , Daiguebonne C. , Gerault Y. , Caneschi A. , Sangregorio C. , Chane‐Ching J. Y. , Car P. E. , Roisnel T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A0.3ZrNF1.3 Phases (A: Na, K) with Layered ZrNCl‐Type Structures Prepared by Anion Metathesis.
Authors: Stoltz C. , Ramesha K. , Piccoli P. , Toby B. H. , Eichhorn B. W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
NMR Study of the [VO(O2)2F]2‐ Ion in Solution: Synthesis, Vibrational Spectra and Crystal Structure of [NH3CH2CH2NH3] [VO(O2)2F].
Authors: Chrappova Jana , Schwendt Peter , Marek Jaromir 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Cu—Zn—Cu—Zn Heterometallomacrocycle Shows Significant Antiferromagnetic Coupling Between Paramagnetic Centers Mediated by Diamagnetic Metal.
Authors: Buvaylo Elena A. , Kokozay Vladimir N. , Vassilyeva Olga Yu. , Skelton Brian W. , Jezierska Julia , Brunel Louis C. , Ozarowski Andrew 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Cycloisomerization of Nitrogen‐Bridged 1,6‐Enynes to 3‐Azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptenes.
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Kobayashi Yuka , Maekawa Shunsuke , Toshida Natsuko , Takagi Kentaro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(S)‐2‐[(R)‐Fluoro(phenyl)methyl]oxirane: A General Reagent for Determining the e.e. of α‐Chiral Amines.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Escrich Sergi , Popa Dana , Jimeno Ciril , Vidal‐Ferran Anton , Pericas Miquel A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides with Phenols: Facile Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryloxy‐2‐propanols.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Ahmed Syed Kaleem , Sandbhor Mahendra , Khan Mohammed Naseer Ahmed , Arifuddin Mohammed 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Processes for the Functionalization and Desymmetrization of Malononitrile Derivatives.
Authors: Grigg Ronald , Hasakunpaisarn Anuch , Kilner Colin , Kongkathip Boonsong , Kongkathip Ngampong , Pettman Alan , Sridharan Visuvanathar 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using N,O‐Bidentate Ligands (I)—(IV).
Authors: Lai Yi‐Chun , Chen Hsuan‐Ying , Hung Wen‐Chou , Lin Chu‐Chieh , Hong Fung‐E 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stable Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes as Rigid or Flexible, Bulky, Electron‐Rich Ligands for Transition‐Metal Catalysts: A Quaternary Carbon Atom Makes the Difference.
Authors: Lavallo Vincent , Canac Yves , Praesang Carsten , Donnadieu Bruno , Bertrand Guy 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Dihydrofurans Based on 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) Catalyzed Reaction of Halides with Enones.
Authors: Yang Zhanjun , Fan Mingjin , Mu Ruizhu , Liu Weimin , Liang Yongmin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Synthesis of o‐Naphthothiophenequinone Derivatives via Regioselective Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Shen Yu‐Dong , Wu Hai‐Qiang , Zhang Sheng‐Ling , Bu Xian‐Zhang , An Lin‐Kun , Huang Zhi‐Shu , Liu Pei‐Qing , Gu Lian‐Quan , Li Yue‐Ming , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 4‐Benzylidene‐2,5‐dimethyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrole Derivatives from Baylis—Hillman Adducts and Their Chemical Transformations.
Authors: Lee Mi Jung , Lee Ka Young , Park Da Yeon , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of 1‐Aryl‐3‐methyl‐pyrazol‐5‐ones with 2‐Cyanoaryldiazonium Bisulfates.
Authors: Shvekhgeimer M.‐G. A. , Ushakova O. A. , Nesterov V. V. , Antipin M. Yu. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regiocontrolled, Palladium‐Catalyzed Bisfunctionalization of Allenyl Esters. Multicomponent Coupling Approaches to Highly Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated δ‐Lactones.
Authors: Hopkins Chad D. , Guan Lisa , Malinakova Helena C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Domino Reaction of 2,3‐Epoxy‐1‐alcohols and PIFA in the Presence of H2O and the Concise Synthesis of (+)‐Tanikolide.
Authors: Kita Yasuyuki , Matsuda Satoshi , Fujii Eri , Horai Mai , Hata Kayoko , Fujioka Hiromichi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1‐Substituted β‐Carbolines by a Pictet—Spengler Cyclization with Thioortho Esters and Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation via N‐Sulfonyl Iminium Ions Generated from N,S‐Sulfonyl Acetals.
Authors: Silveira Claudio C. , Felix Luciana A. , Braga Antonio L. , Kaufman Teodore S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Double Carboxylation of Trimethylsilylallene under an Atmosphere of Carbon Dioxide and Its Application to the Synthesis of Chaetomellic Acid A Anhydride.
Authors: Takimoto Masanori , Kawamura Mitsunobu , Mori Miwako , Sato Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Bioactivity of Schischkiniin, a Unique Indole Alkaloid from the Seeds of Centaurea schischkinii.
Authors: Shoeb Mohammad , Celik Sezgin , Jaspars Marcel , Kumarasamy Yashodharan , MacManus Stephen M. , Nahar Lutfun , Thoo‐Lin Paul K. , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biomarkers of potential prognostic significance in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Wu Grace , Keating Armand 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically heterogeneous disease for which the current approach to treatment is only successful for 50% of patients. The prognostic value of various clinical and biological factors in predicting treatment outcome is discussed in this paper. A review of the English literature was performed including original articles and relevant reviews from MEDLINE that addressed the topics of DLBCL biology and potential prognostic factors. The International Prognostic Index is, to date, the most successful clinical model for predicting outcome. In addition, a rapidly expanding list of molecules has been identified by conventional and newer diagnostic methods that may be of significant prognostic value. Gene expression profiling has led to the discovery of new biological subtypes of DLBCL based on patterns of gene expression, and a host of new genes that may play important roles in this disease. Various derangements in apoptosis, cell‐cycle regulation, differentiation, and signal transduction have been noted, while the host environment and immune response also appear to modify clinical outcome. Although to our knowledge, the fundamental abnormalities underlying DLBCL remain elusive, progress is being continuously made to further the understanding of the biological heterogeneity of this disease and the use of various clinical and biological variables to predict treatment outcome. The goal is to be able to identify subgroups of patients at high risk of treatment failure and develop more effective treatment based on specific biological defects that may represent new rational therapeutic targets. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Complementary Gli activity mediates early patterning of the mouse visual system
Authors: Furimsky Marosh , Wallace Valerie A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a key role in the development of the vertebrate central nervous system, including the eye. This pathway is mediated by the Gli transcription factors (Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3) that differentially activate and repress the expression of specific downstream target genes. In this study, we investigated the roles of the three vertebrate Glis in mediating midline Shh signaling in early ocular development. We examined the ocular phenotypes ofShhandGlicombination mutant mouse embryos and monitored proximodistal and dorsoventral patterning by the expression of specific eye development regulatory genes using in situ hybridization. We show that midline Shh signaling relieves the repressor activity of Gli3 adjacent to the midline and then promotes eye pattern formation through the nonredundant activities of all three Gli proteins. Gli3, in particular, is required to specify the dorsal optic stalk and to define the boundary between the optic stalk and the optic cup. Developmental Dynamics 235:594–605, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the NKG2D ligand UL16 binding protein‐1 (ULBP‐1) on dendritic cells
Authors: Schrama David , Terheyden Patrick , Otto Kerstin , Kämmerer Ulrike , Bröcker Eva‐Bettina , Lühder Fred , Cosman David , Andersen Mads Hald , Becker Jürgen C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInnate and adaptive immunity have not evolved separately. In this regard, the NKG2D molecule first identified on NK cells and classified as an activating NK cell receptor is also an important receptor for CD8+ T cells. Functional analyses of human NKG2D and its ligands, i.e. UL16 binding proteins (ULBP) and MHC class I chain‐related (MIC), have so far focused on immune cell‐target cell situations because of the expression of NKG2D ligands on infected, stressed or transformed cells. Here, however, we address a possible function of NKG2D/ULBP‐1 during the initiation of T cell responses. ULBP‐1 can be detected on mature dendritic cells both in situ in the T cell areas of lymph nodes as well as in vitro after artificial maturation. FCM analysis further demonstrated that although NKG2D is expressed to some degree on all analyzed T cell subsets from peripheral blood, in vitro stimulation of T cells results in up‐regulation of NKG2D on proliferating T cells. Using the sentinel lymph nodes of primary melanoma as a model for induction of defined T cell responses in vivo, we were able to demonstrate the expression of NKG2D on melanoma‐associated antigen‐specific T cells. Thus, our results suggest a role for NGK2D‐ULBP‐1 in the induction or reactivation of T cell responses.
Complex regulation of CCR9 at multiple discrete stages of T cell development
Authors: Wurbel Marc‐André , Malissen Bernard , Campbell James J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have conducted a comprehensive assessment of CCR9 expression and function at the important milestone stages of murine thymocyte development. We reveal an unusually complex regulatory pattern, in which CCR9 influences T cell development at several widely dispersed stages. We find that CCR9 is not expressed within the thymus until the double‐negative (DN)3 stage, although it appears to contribute to T cell precursor development prior to residence in the thymus. CCR9 expression is influenced by pre‐T cell receptor signals, and is dramatically up‐regulated in a population that appears to be transitional between the DN4 and double‐positive stages. In the periphery, functional CCR9 is expressed by all naive CD8 T cells, but not by naive CD4 T cells. To our knowledge, this latter finding is the first difference observed in homing receptor expression between naive lymphocyte populations. This suggests that naive CD8 T cells might have access to lymphoid microenvironments from which naive CD4 T cells are excluded.
Electroanalytical Determination of Carbaryl in Natural Waters on Boron Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Codognoto Lucia , Tanimoto Sonia T. , Pedrosa Valber A. , Suffredini Hugo B. , Machado Sergio A. S. , Avaca Luis A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe anodic voltammetric behavior of carbaryl on a boron‐doped diamond electrode in aqueous solution is reported. The results, obtained by square‐wave voltammetry at 0.1 mol L−1 Na2SO4 and pH 6.0, allow the development of a method to determine carbaryl, without any previous step of extraction, clean‐up, preconcentration or derivatization, in the range 2.5–30.0×10−6 mol L−1, with a detection limit of 8.2±0.2 μg L−1 in pure water. The analytical sensitivity of this electrochemical method diminished slightly, from 3.07 mA mmol−1 L to 2.90 mA mmol−1L, when the electrolyte was prepared with water samples collected from two polluted points in an urban creek. In these conditions, the recovery efficiencies obtained were around 104%. The effect of other pesticides (fenthion and 4‐nitrophenol) was evaluated and found to exert a negligible influence on carbaryl determination. The square‐wave voltammetric data obtained for carbaryl were typical of an irreversible electrode process with mass transport control. The combination of square‐wave voltammetry and diamond electrodes is an interesting and desirable alternative for analytical determinations.