bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ExponentialH∞filtering for switched linear systems with interval time‐varying delay
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Wei , Shi Peng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of exponentialH∞filtering for a class of continuous‐time switched linear system with interval time‐varying delay. The time delay under consideration includes two cases: one is that the time delay is differentiable and bounded with a constant delay‐derivative bound, whereas the other is that the time delay is continuous and bounded. Switched linear filters are designed to ensure that the filtering error systems under switching signal with average dwell time are exponentially stable with a prescribedH∞noise attenuation level. Based on the free‐weighting matrix approach and the average dwell technology, delay‐dependent sufficient conditions for the existence of such a filter are derived and formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). By solving that corresponding LMIs, the desired filter parameterized matrices and the minimal average dwell time are obtained. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault‐tolerant control synthesis for a class of nonlinear systems: Sum of squares optimization approach
Authors: Ma Hong‐Jun , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper studies the fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem for nonlinear systems, with guaranteed cost orH∞performance objective in the presence of actuator faults. The faulty mode is built as a multi‐model framework of the typical aberration in actuator effectiveness. The novelty of this paper is that the effect of the nonlinear terms is described as an index in order to transform the FTC design problem into a semi‐definite programming. The proposed optimization approach is to find zero optimum for this index. Combined with other performance indexes, the conceived multi‐objective optimization problem is solved by using sum of squares method in a reliable and efficient manner. Numerical examples are included to verify the applicability of this new approach for the nonlinear FTC synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust adaptive control for a class of uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Hong F. , Ge S. S. , Ren B. , Lee T. H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper, robust adaptive control is presented for a class of perturbed strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with both completely unknown control coefficients and parametric uncertainties. The proposed design method does not require the a priori knowledge of the signs of the unknown control coefficients. For the first time, the key technical Lemma is proven when the Nussbaum function is chosen by N(ζ)=ζ2cos(ζ), based on which the proposed robust adaptive scheme can guarantee the global uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed‐loop system signals. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H∞ control for discrete‐time Markovian jump linear systems with partly unknown transition probabilities
Authors: Zhang Lixian , Boukas El‐Kébir 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of H∞ control for a class of discrete‐time Markovian jump linear system with partly unknown transition probabilities is investigated. The class of systems under consideration is more general, which covers the systems with completely known and completely unknown transition probabilities as two special cases. Moreover, in contrast to the uncertain transition probabilities studied recently, the concept of partly unknown transition probabilities proposed in this paper does not require any knowledge of the unknown elements. The H∞ controllers to be designed include state feedback and dynamic output feedback, since the latter covers the static one. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired controllers are derived within the matrix inequalities framework, and a cone complementary linearization algorithm is exploited to solve the latent equation constraints in the output‐feedback control case. Two numerical examples are provided to show the validness and potential of the developed theoretical results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LMI approach to reliable guaranteed cost control with multiple criteria constraints: The actuator faults case
Authors: Zhang Dengfeng , Su Hongye , Pan Shuwen , Chu Jian , Wang Zhiquan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBased on the multi‐objective optimization strategy and linear matrix inequality approach, the problem of reliable guaranteed cost control with multiple criteria constraints is investigated for a class of uncertain discrete‐time systems subject to actuator faults. A fault model in actuators, which considers outage or partial degradation in independent actuators, is adopted. The quadratic stability is proved to be independent of the disturbance and the upper bound of a quadratic cost index is improved. The reliable feedback controller is designed to minimize the upper bound of the quadratic cost index, place all the closed‐loop poles in a specified disk, constrain theH∞norm level of the disturbance attenuation into a given range and guarantee the magnitudes of control inputs less than the given bound, as well. Thus, the resulting closed‐loop system can provide satisfactory stability, transient behavior, disturbance rejection level and optimized upper bound of the quadratic cost performance despite possible actuator faults. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐diagonal MIMO QFT controller design reformulation
Authors: Garcia‐Sanz Mario , Eguinoa Irene , Bennani Samir 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a reformulation of the full‐matrix quantitative feedback theory (QFT) robust control methodology for multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) plants with uncertainty. The new methodology includes a generalization of previous non‐diagonal MIMO QFT techniques; avoiding former hypotheses of diagonal dominance; simplifying the calculations for the off‐diagonal elements, and then the method itself; reformulating the classical matrix definition of MIMO specifications by designing a new set of loop‐by‐loop QFT bounds on the Nichols Chart, which establish necessary and sufficient conditions; giving explicit expressions to share the load among the loops of the MIMO system to achieve the matrix specifications; and all for stability, reference tracking, disturbance rejection at plant input and output, and noise attenuation problems. The new methodology is applied to the design of a MIMO controller for a spacecraft flying in formation in a low Earth orbit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common factors in international securitized real estate markets
Authors: Liow Kim Hiang , Webb James R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the presence of common factors in the securitized real estate markets of the Untied States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Hong Kong (HK), and Singapore (SG). Using a combination of factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis on 10‐year monthly return data for 142 real estate securities in the four markets, more common risk factors among real estate securities within a country than across countries are detected. In addition, there is at least one common securitized real estate market factor that is moderately correlated with the world real estate market, and to a lesser extent, with the world stock market. However, the degree of linkage across the four securitized real estate markets is much weaker than the strong linkages present across the four economies. It further appears that the extent to which correlations are found in international securitized real estate markets might largely be due to the increasing integrated nature of the world real economy, rather than a result of the globalization of financial markets. The results are preliminary, but indicative, and suggest that more studies exploring how common factors, together with the local market portfolio, could help explain the return‐generating process of securitized real estate.
Kinematic and thermal constraints on the reactivation of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, NW Scotland
Authors: SZULC A. G. , ALSOP G. I. , OLIVER G. J. H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Outer Hebrides Fault Zone is a major easterly dipping reactivated shear zone which displaces Lewisian gneiss of the Laurentian craton, NW Scotland. Despite a number of detailed field studies, the fault zone remains poorly understood with regard to both its age of inception and precise conditions of reactivation. The island of Scalpay in the northern portion of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone provides exceptional exposures through a variety of reactivated fault rock types and therefore represents an ideal location to investigate fault zone evolution via fluid inclusion studies of syn-tectonic quartz veins. This fluid inclusion study constrains reactivation temperatures more precisely than hitherto possible with top-to-the-NW ductile thrusting occurring at 500 ± 30°C. Subsequent phyllonitization is associated with oblique sinistral top-to-the-NE strike-slip at 230 ± 20°C, followed by a discrete system of top-to-the-NE/SE extensional detachments at 150 ± 20°C. Other recent fluid inclusion studies in the southern portion of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone constrain phyllonitization associated with top-to-the-E displacement to 370 ± 20°C, with subsequent top-to-the-NE extensional detachments operating at 150–210°C. Thus, late-stage extensional detachment systems record consistent conditions of reactivation along the strike length of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone. However, our results also clearly emphasize that conditions of earlier fault zone reactivation and phyllonitization were highly heterogeneous between the northern and southern portions, thus suggesting a spatial and temporal variation in the deformation and/or fluid flux system.
RAPCAL code: A flexible package to compute radiative properties for optically thin and thick low and high-Z plasmas in a wide range of density and temperature
Authors: Rodríguez R. , Florido R. , Gil J.M. , Rubiano J.G. , Martel P. , Mínguez E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRadiative properties are fundamental for plasma diagnostics and hydro-simulations. For this reason, there is a high interest in their determination and they are a current topic of investigation both in astrophysics and inertial fusion confinement research. In this work a flexible computation package for calculating radiative properties for low and high Z optically thin and thick plasmas, both under local thermodynamic equilibrium and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, named RAPCAL is presented. This code has been developed with the aim of providing accurate radiative properties for low and medium Z plasmas within the context of detailed level accounting approach and for heavy elements under the detailed configuration accounting approach. In order to show the capabilities of the code, there are presented calculations of some radiative properties for carbon, aluminum, krypton and xenon plasmas under local thermodynamic and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions.
Practical Strategies: Nourishing Liquid Diet
Authors: Emley Sharon J. , Gluch Lynda , Casper Mary 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The aging population is increasingly subject to dementia. All types and etiologies of dementia result in impaired memory, personality changes, and loss of cognitive function. Success with oral intake is often affected as dementia progresses. The individual with dementia may have issues with self-feeding, recognizing food, maintaining attention, persistence of action, or apraxia—all of which affect the ability to chew and swallow safely and effectively (Advisory Panel on Alzheimer's Disease, 1993). The patient's ability to maintain adequate nutritional status through eating by mouth may be lost as dementia progresses (Chouinard et al., 1998).
Caregivers and professionals may find themselves in a practical dilemma—how to provide nutritional intake and allow the patient to continue to eat by mouth safely and successfully while also overcoming the complicating factors present with dementia. In our organization, our dietitians developed an approach that offers a nutritional alternative to tube feeding—the nourishing liquid diet.
ASHA 2007 Zemlin Memorial Award Lecture: The Neural Control of Speech
Authors: Guenther Frank H. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Speech production involves coordinated processing in many regions of the brain. To better understand these processes, our research team has designed, tested, and refined a neural network model whose components correspond to brain regions involved in speech. Babbling and imitation phases are used to train neural mappings between phonological, articulatory, auditory, and somatosensory representations. After learning, the model can produce combinations of the sounds it has learned by commanding movements of an articulatory synthesizer. Computer simulations of the model account for a wide range of experimental findings, including data on acquisition of speaking skills, articulatory kinematics, and brain activity during speech. The model is also being used to investigate speech motor disorders, such as stuttering, apraxia of speech, and ataxic dysarthria. These projects compare the effects of damage to particular regions of the model to the kinematics, acoustics, or brain activation patterns of speakers with similar damage. Finally, insights from the model are being used to guide the design of a brain-computer interface for providing prosthetic speech to profoundly paralyzed individuals.
Management of Adults With Tracheostomy Across the Continuum of Care
Authors: Tippett Donna C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article, intervention for adults with tracheostomy and ventilator dependency specific to acute inpatient, rehabilitation, and outpatient settings is described. During the acute hospitalization, restoration of communication is paramount. Candidacy for different communication options is explored. Patients and families are introduced to the role of the speech-language pathologist and begin to become informed about tracheostomy. Education is provided about the effects of tracheostomy on speaking, prognosis for improvement of speech, and the need for post acute therapy. The emphasis of speech-language pathology intervention in the post acute setting, particularly in the rehabilitation setting, is maximizing independence. Specific goals include restoring oral communication during all waking hours; refining ventilator-supported speech production; facilitating independence with cuff deflation/inflation; and fostering autonomous application and care of speaking valves. The goals of outpatient intervention are to promote carryover, monitor, and re-evaluate clinical status as needed and foster return to school and employment, resumption of recreational activities, and reintegration into home and family.
Bradykinin Degradation and Relation to Myocyte Contractility
Authors: Krombach R. Stephen , McElmuray James H. , Gay David M. , Clair Mark J. , Mukherjee Rupak , Goldberg Aron T. , Baicu Simona C. , Spinale Francis G. 
Published: July 2008

Background: Past studies have demonstrated that exogenous bradykinin (BK) causes vasodilation and increases coronary blood flow, effects that may be beneficial in the setting of cardiac disease states. An important pathway for BK degradation is through angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which results in the formation of a degradative peptide, BK(1-7). The goal of this study was to examine the effects of BK, BK(1-7), and the potential modulation of BK by ACE inhibition on myocyte contractility.Methods and Results: Contractile function was examined in isolated adult porcine (n = 15) left ventricular (LV) myocyte preparations in the presence or absence of BK (10-8mol/L), BK(1-7)(10-8mol/L), and with pretreatment by ACE inhibition (benazaprilat). Myocyte velocity of shortening fell by over 15% in the presence of BK and by 8% with BK(1-7)( P < .05 vs basal). ACE inhibition blunted the negative effect of BK on myocyte velocity of shortening by over 60% ( P < .05). Furthermore, robust ACE activity coupled with significant BK degradation was demonstrated in LV-isolated myocyte preparations, and BK proteolysis was influenced by ACE inhibition.Conclusion: These results suggest that BK has a direct effect on LV myocyte contractility, and that this effect may be mediated by proteolysis of BK at the level of the LV myocyte sarcolemma.
Cost Analysis of Transthoracic Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation With and Without Ibutilide Pretreatment
Authors: Oral Hakan , Knight Bradley P. , Sticherling Christian , Kim Michael H. , Baker Robert L. , Chough Steven P. , Wasmer Kristina , Pelosi Frank , Michaud Gregory F. , Fendrick A. Mark , Adam Strickberger S. , Morady Fred 
Published: July 2008

Background: Ibutilide may result in chemical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and facilitates transthoracic cardioversion by lowering the defibrillation energy requirement. Whether routine pretreatment with ibutilide increases or decreases the cost of cardioversion is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost of outpatient transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with and without ibutilide pretreatment. Methods: Using a model based on published literature and hospital accounting information, a hypothetical group of 100 patients with atrial fibrillation and a left ventricular ejection fraction >0.30 underwent 2 strategies of outpatient cardioversion: transthoracic cardioversion with and without routine pretreatment with 1 mg ibutilide, and with and without involvement of an anesthesiologist for sedation. If transthoracic cardioversion was unsuccessful in patients who did not receive ibutilide, transthoracic cardioversion was repeated after administration of ibutilide. Results: If an anesthesiologist was involved, transthoracic cardioversion with ibutilide was associated with incremental cost-savings as the efficacy of ibutilide alone in restoring sinus rhythm increased above the critical values of 20%, 27%, and 35% when the efficacy of transthoracic cardioversion alone was 60%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. In the absence of an anesthesiologist, routine pretreatment with ibutilide increased the cost of cardioversion at all success rates of transthoracic cardioversion. Conclusions: In the presence of an anesthesiologist, whether or not routine pretreatment with ibutilide lowers the mean cost of cardioversion is determined by the success rates of chemical cardioversion with ibutilide and transthoracic cardioversion. In the absence of an anesthesiologist, ibutilide pretreatment increases the cost of cardioversion.
Effects of Cilostazol on Heart Rate and its Variation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Bradycardia
Authors: Toyonaga Shinji , Nakatsu Takaaki , Murakami Takashi , Kusachi Shozo , Mashima Keiichi , Tominaga Youkou , Yamane Shinichi , Uesugi Tadahisa , Kanai Hideaki , Tsuji Takao 
Published: July 2008

Background: Heart-rate (HR) variability is an important predictor of mortality in patients with heart disease. We examined the effects of cilostazol, a quinolinone derivative, on HR and HR variability in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation associated with bradycardia episodes.Patients and Methods: Thirteen patients with chronic atrial fibrillation associated with bra dycardia episodes (minimal HR <40/min and/or pauses, ie, episodes with an RR interval > 2.5 sec) received cilostazol (100 or 200 mg/day) orally for at least 2 months and 24-hour Holter electrocardiography was performed before and after the start of cilostazol administration.Results: Minimal HR was significantly increased, by an average of 14 beats/min (bpm), at 3.3 ± 0.8 weeks (mean ± SD) after the start of cilostazol treatment. The number of pauses was significantly decreased. As a consequence, mean HR was increased by an average of 18 bpm. Maximal HR was also increased by an average of 19 bpm. The circadian variation of the HR, determined by cosine fitting, was not changed by cilostazol treatment. The time-domain HR variabilities, ie, the SD of the mean RR interval and the SD of the 5-minute mean RR intervals, were also unchanged. New York Heart Association functional class was signifi cantly improved and the plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide level was significantly de creased after the initiation of cilostazol treatment.Conclusion: Cilostazol improves the slow HR episodes associated with chronic atrial fibril lation and maintains the HR circadian variation and time-domain variability, indicating that cilostazol has therapeutic utility for the treatment of the slow HR associated with chronic atrial fibrillation.
Morules in endometrioid proliferations of the uterus and ovary consistently express the intestinal transcription factor CDX2
Authors: Houghton O , Connolly L E , McCluggage W G 
Published: July 2008

Aims:  To undertake an immunohistochemical analysis of squamous elements in endometrioid proliferations of the uterus and ovary and to compare the immunophenotype of typical squamous elements and so‐called squamous morules.Methods and results:  Cases of uterine or ovarian endometrioid glandular lesions with squamous elements were stained with CDX2, β‐catenin, oestrogen receptor (ER), CD10, p63 and high‐molecular‐weight cytokeratin LP34. Thirteen cases had typical squamous elements and 18 cases morules. Morules typically exhibited diffuse nuclear CDX2 and β‐catenin immunoreactivity and were positive for CD10 and LP34. They were usually ER– and p63–. In contrast, typical squamous elements were usually positive for ER, CD10, p63 and LP34. They were usually CDX2– or focally positive and exhibited no nuclear immunoreactivity for β‐catenin. Ten endometrioid carcinomas not exhibiting squamous differentiation were immunoreactive for CDX2; one was focally positive. Electron microscopy in two ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas with extensive morular differentiation showed that the morules exhibited epithelial features, but no overt evidence of squamous differentiation.Conclusions:  Typical squamous elements and morules have an overlapping but differing immunophenotype. Morules exhibit no firm immunohistochemical or ultrastructural evidence of squamous differentiation, although immature squamous differentiation cannot be excluded. Nuclear β‐catenin positivity is in keeping with the observation that endometrioid glandular lesions with morules are often associated with β‐catenin gene mutation. The explanation for diffuse nuclear positivity with the intestinal transcription factor CDX2 in morules is not clear, but may be a result of overexpression of nuclear β‐catenin. We suggest that the term morular metaplasia is used instead of squamous morules.