bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonergic Antidepressants and Linezolid: A Retrospective Chart Review and Presentation of Cases
Authors: Lorenz Raymond A. , Vandenberg Amy M. , Canepa Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2008

Objective: To report the results from a retrospective chart review looking at the combination of linezolid and serotonergic antidepressants and to report two cases of serotonin syndrome which were identified at our hospital. Case Summary: During the retrospective chart review one case of serotonin syndrome was identified. A 65-year-old female was receiving escitalopram for the treatment of depression prior to admission. Linezolid therapy was initiated on admission and two days later the patient had a tonic-clonic seizure. Escitalopram was discontinued and the patient did not have any further seizure activity. In a second case, a 37-year-old male was receiving citalopram during hospitalization and was started on concomitant linezolid. The patient had myoclonus and was observed to be tremulous throughout therapy with linezolid. Ten days after discontinuation oflinezolid the patient continued to have symptoms until the withdrawal of citalopram. The Naranjo probability scale scores the first case as possibly related and the second case as probably related to the combination. Discussion: It has been well documented in the literature that the combination of linezolid and serotonergic antidepressants may cause serotonin syndrome. In this retrospective chart review only one patient of 53 (1.8%) had symptoms highly suggestive of serotonin syndrome. A second patient continued to have symptoms of serotonin syndrome even after withdrawal of linezolid. Conclusions: This retrospective review and subsequent case reports confirm the rare, but serious, potential of serotonin syndrome associated with the combination of linezolid and serotonergic antidepressants.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Inpatients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Boke Omer , Aker Servet , Sarisoy Gokhan , Saricicek Esin Boke , Sahin Ahmet Rifat 
Published: May 2008

Objective: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most prevalent factors responsible for excess mortality in schizophrenia. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with the development of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. The aim in this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of MetS in schizophrenic Turkish inpatients. Method: The study was conducted from January 2006 to June 2006, and included 231 patients with schizophrenia. All participants were enrolled from inpatients attending the Samsun Mental Health Hospital psychiatry clinic. All subjects were aged between 18 and 65 and met the DSM IV criteria for schizophrenia. MetS was taken as central obesity (defined as waist circumference: men ≥ 94 cm, women ≥ 80 cm) and meeting ≥ 2 of the following abnormalities described by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF): a serum triglyceride level > 150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < 40 mg/dL in men and < 50 mg/dL in women, blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mm Hg, and a fasting serum glucose level ≥ 100 mg/d/L. Results: The study group consisted of 174 male and 57 female patients. Mean age was 38.5 ± 10.5 and mean duration of illness was 15.76 ± 9.95 years. The overall prevalence of MetS diagnosed according to the IDF criteria was 32.0% ( n=74) and was higher in females (61.4%) than in males (22.4%; p=0.0001). In logistic regression analysis the last step of the regression model was gender (B=1.70, p=0.0001, OR=5.50, 95% Cl=2.90–10.45). Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of MetS in Turkish patients with schizophrenia is similar to that of the general population, but lower than in other reports regarding the schizophrenia population.
Flow‐injection method for the determination of iodide/iodine using Ru(bpy)33+–NADH chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Waseem Amir , Yaqoob Mohammad , Nabi Abdul 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA two‐channel flow‐injection (FI) method is reported for the determination of iodide and iodine by its enhancement effect on the Ru(bpy)33+–NADH chemiluminescence (CL) system. The limit of detection (3 s of blank) was 1.0 × 10–9 mol/L iodide/iodine, with a sample throughput of 60/h. The calibration graphs over the range 1.0–50 × 10–8 mol/L gave correlation coefficients of 0.9994 and 0.999 (n = 5) with relative standard deviations (RSD; n = 4) of 1.0–2.5%, respectively. The effects of interfering cations, anions and some organic compounds were also studied. The method was applied to iodized salts and pharmaceutical samples and the results obtained were in good agreement with the value quoted. The CL method developed was compared with spectrophotometric method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A research project‐based and self‐determined teaching system of molecular biology techniques for undergraduates
Authors: Zhang Shuping 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMolecular biology techniques play a very important role in understanding the biological activity. Students who major in biology should know not only how to perform experiments, but also the reasons for performing them. Having the concept of conducting research by integrating various techniques is especially important. This paper introduces a research project‐based and self‐determined teaching system of molecular biology techniques for undergraduates. Its aim is to create an environment mimicking real research programs and to help students build up confidence in their research skills. The students are allowed to explore a set of commonly used molecular biology techniques to solve some fundamental problems about genes on their own. They find a gene of interest, write a mini‐proposal, and give an oral presentation. This course provides students a foundation before entering the research laboratory and allows them to adapt easily to real research programs.
Problem‐solving test: Expression cloning of the erythropoietin receptor
Authors: Szeberényi József 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTerms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: cytokines, cytokine receptors, cDNA library, cDNA synthesis, poly(A)+ RNA, primer, template, reverse transcriptase, restriction endonucleases, cohesive ends, expression vector, promoter, Shine‐Dalgarno sequence, poly(A) signal, DNA helicase, DNA ligase, topoisomerases, [125I] labeling, transfection, mock transfection, SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, β‐mercaptoethanol, autoradiography.
Trends in prognostic factors and survival from cutaneous melanoma in Yorkshire, UK and New South Wales, Australia between 1993 and 2003
Authors: Downing Amy , Yu Xue Qin , Newton‐Bishop Julia , Forman David 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare trends in prognostic factors and survival from cutaneous melanoma between 1993 and 2003 in 2 populations with dramatically different underlying incidence rates [Yorkshire, UK, and New South Wales (NSW), Australia] and to look at whether the greater investment in melanoma prevention and early detection in Australia has resulted in any relative differences in survival. Patients diagnosed with invasive melanoma between 1993 and 2003 in Yorkshire (n = 4,170) and NSW (n = 30,520) were identified from cancer registry databases and prognostic information (age, sex, socioeconomic background, tumour site and Breslow thickness) was extracted. Age‐standardised incidence rates, 5‐year relative survival and relative excess risk of death were calculated. Between 1993–1995 and 2001–2003, the incidence of melanoma increased in both areas. These increases were mainly seen in tumours with thickness ≤1 mm. Five‐year relative survival was 86.9% (95% CI 85.2–88.5) in Yorkshire and 88.6% (95% CI 88.1–89.1) in NSW. Compared with that in NSW, survival in Yorkshire was lower for males and for those living in the most deprived areas. Despite the increase in good prognosis of thin tumours, there was no significant change in survival over the time period in either area. After adjustment for differences in prognostic factors, the relative excess risk of death in Yorkshire compared to that in NSW reduced from 1.36 (95% CI 1.20–1.53) to 1.11 (95% CI 0.99–1.23). Differences in tumour thickness appeared to be the most important factor. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anaerobic co‐digestion of potato processing wastewater with pig slurry and abattoir wastewater
Authors: Monou Maria , Pafitis Nicolas , Kythreotou Nicoletta , Smith Stephen R , Mantzavinos Dionissios , Kassinos Despo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Small‐scale experimental investigations were carried out on the anaerobic digestion of potato processing wastewater and its co‐digestion with pig slurry and/or abattoir wastewater. A simple and rapid procedure was used to determine the suitability of these wastes for digestion.RESULTS: During the initial 5‐day acclimation phase, the seed (digested brewery waste) was replaced by the test waste before allowing the tests to incubate without further addition, where methanogenesis was measured. Although potato processing wastewater has low pH, with high fat content treatment via anaerobic digestion was still feasible in spite of low methane production. Co‐digestion with pig slurry and abattoir wastewater was therefore investigated to enhance the process. Pig slurry improved the process, which, when co‐digested with potato processing wastewater in equal ratio achieved 72% volatile solids removal, 35 mL average daily biogas production and 32% maximum methane content in 22 days (following the acclimation period). Co‐digestion with abattoir wastewater did not improve the digestion process due to poor buffering and low pH value.CONCLUSION: Anaerobic co‐digestion may be a feasible treatment option for industrial bio‐wastes and livestock wastes produced in Cyprus and indeed in similar other countries of comparable market size and activities. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Preoperative MR imaging in the evaluation of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: Pattern analysis of seminal vesicle lesions
Authors: Jung Dae Chul , Lee Hak Jong , Kim Seung Hyup , Choe Ghee Young , Lee Sang Eun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPurposeTo develop an image‐based classification system for seminal vesicle lesions (SVL) to detect seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in prostate cancer and to evaluate whether pattern analysis of SVL with MR imaging could improve the accuracy of evaluating SVI.Materials and MethodsThe MR images of 217 patients who had undergone retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) due to prostate cancer were retrospectively analyzed by two uroradiologists, focusing on SVL. The SVL on T2‐weighted sequences was classified as five classes. In each class the results were correlated with histopathologic findings.ResultsFourteen (6.5%) of 217 patients had evidence of SVI at histopathologic evaluation after RRP. Pattern analysis of SVL showed 71.4% sensitivity, 96.6% specificity for predicting SVI. ROC curves for the subjective scoring of SVI showed that reader 1 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69 and reader 2 had an AUC of 0.81. The overall accuracy of pattern analysis was superior to both serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level and subjective scoring (P < 0.01, McNemar test).ConclusionThe classification system of SVL on the basis of their imaged morphologic features can provide an objective standard and simplify the abnormal findings to help predict SVI in prostate cancer. Pattern analysis of SVL with MR imaging improves the accuracy of detecting SVI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attenuation of hippocampal mossy fiber long‐term potentiation by low micromolar concentrations of zinc
Authors: Takeda Atsushi , Kanno Shingo , Sakurada Naomi , Ando Masaki , Oku Naoto 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe role of zinc in long‐term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses is controversial because of the contrary results obtained when using zinc chelators. On the basis of the postulation that exogenous zinc enhances the action of zinc released from mossy fibers, mossy fiber LTP after tetanic stimulation (100 Hz, 1 sec) was checked in the presence of exogenous zinc at low micromolar concentrations. Mossy fiber LTP was significantly attenuated in the presence of 5–30 μM ZnCl2, and the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials 60 min after tetanic stimulation was decreased to almost the basal level. Mossy fiber LTP was also attenuated in the presence of 5 μM ZnCl2 5 min after tetanic stimulation. The present study is the first to demonstrate that low micromolar concentrations of zinc attenuate mossy fiber LTP. When mossy fiber LTP was induced in the presence of CaEDTA and ZnAF‐2 DA, a membrane‐impermeable and a membrane‐permeable zinc chelator, respectively, extracellular and intracellular chelation of zinc enhanced a transient posttetanic potentiation (PTP) without altering LTP. It is likely that zinc released by tetanic stimulation is immediately taken up into the mossy fibers and attenuates mossy fiber PTP. These results suggest that attenuation of PTP rather than LTP at mossy fiber synapses is a more physiological role for endogenous zinc. Targeting molecules of zinc in mossy fiber LTP seem to be different between during and after LTP induction because of the differential synaptic activity between them. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatoprotective effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats
Authors: Geetha Suryakumar , Jayamurthy Purushothaman , Pal Karan , Pandey Shweta , Kumar Ratan , Sawhney RC 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride are the best‐characterized system of xenobiotic‐induced hepatotoxicity and commonly used model for the screening of hepatoprotective activities of drugs. The present study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), family Elaeagnaceae, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver injury in male albino rats. The study was performed on Sprague–Dawley male albino rats weighing about 180–200 g. The animals were pretreated with three different doses of leaf extract (50, 100 and 200 mg kg−1 body weight) for 5 days. Hepatotoxicity was induced by single oral administration of 1.5 mL CCl4 kg−1 body weight on the fifth day. The animals were then sacrificed and assessed for various biochemical parameters.RESULTS: Administration of CCl4 significantly enhanced glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transferase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin, and decreased total protein levels in the serum. Treatment with CCl4 also significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), and decreased glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity. CCl4 treatment also caused a significant increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation as assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the tissue. Pretreatment of leaf extract at a concentration of 100 and 200 mg kg−1 body weight significantly (P < 0.05) protected the animals from CCl4‐induced liver injury. The extract significantly restricted the CCl4‐induced increase of GOT, GPT, ALP and bilirubin and better maintained protein levels in the serum. Further, it also enhanced GSH and decreased MDA levels.CONCLUSION: The results show that sea buckthorn leaf extract has significant hepatoprotective effects which might be due to its antioxidant activity and can be developed as a nutraceutical or food supplement against liver diseases. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Neurotherapeutics in multiple sclerosis: Novel agents and emerging treatment strategies
Authors: DeAngelis Tracy , Lublin Fred 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNew insights into the complex immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis have led to a proliferation of promising new therapeutic strategies. While the current armamentarium of immunomodulatory medications has demonstrated beneficial effects on the disease, more effective and tolerable therapies are needed. Several novel therapeutic strategies under investigation include oral therapies, monoclonal antibodies, symptomatic treatments, insights into neuroprotection and repair as well as combination regimens. New therapies may prove more efficacious and tolerable than the available arsenal of treatments; however, decisions regarding first‐line therapies will expectedly become more complicated, with greater influence if risk‐to‐benefit ratios in light of premature safety data. Biomarker profiles may help elucidate disease subtypes as well as therapeutic response in an effort to individualize treatment choice. This review will highlight recent promising therapeutic strategies under investigation in the field of MS. Mt Sinai J Med 75: 157–167, 2008 © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Management of cystic fibrosis related diabetes: A survey of UK cystic fibrosis centers
Authors: Mohan Kamlesh , Miller Helen , Burhan Hassan , Ledson Martin J. , Walshaw Martin J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIntroductionCystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD), a poor prognostic factor in cystic fibrosis (CF), is an increasing problem and guidelines regarding its management have recently been published. However, the evidence base for CFRD screening and diagnosis is not comprehensive and its current management in the UK is unknown. We therefore conducted a questionnaire survey of all recognized UK CF centers to assess clinical practice and determine adherence to these recent recommendations.MethodsA questionnaire survey (regarding screening, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of CFRD) sent to all 45 recognized CF centers (>50 patients) in the UK.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were returned by 37 centers (82%). Although 35 (95%) centers screened patients annually for CFRD, 12 (34%) used a single investigation whereas the remaining 23 (66%) used two or more methods. As regards diagnosis only 11 (30%) used the recommended combination of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and serial glucose monitoring, with 18 (49%) using OGTT alone. Insulin was the preferred treatment of choice in 36 (97%) centers, and pediatric centers were less likely to use oral hypoglycemic agents (4/17 vs. 9/16; χ2 = 3.6, P < 0.05). 29 (78%) centers carried out an annual diabetes review and in 34 (92%) patients were cared for jointly between the CF and endocrinology teams. Glycosylated hemoglobin and serial glucose monitoring were the most common investigations used to monitor glycemic control.ConclusionsThis survey highlights the disparities in the management of CFRD with regards to screening and diagnostic practice, and poor adherence to national guidelines. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:642–647. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical invasive aspergillosis in a neutropenic child
Authors: Nyman A.G. , Peters M. , Jaffe A. , Sonnappa S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate requiring a high index of clinical suspicion in susceptible patients. We report an atypical presentation of IA, not previously published. A 2‐year‐old girl with underlying neuroblastoma developed IA, which manifested as fungal pneumonia associated with an intrabronchial polypoid mass. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:717–720. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A drop in gas temperature in the external part of the endotracheal tube is problematic during neonatal respiratory support
Authors: Yamada Yasumasa , Kyuno Teruo , Suzuki Satoshi , Ito Tetsuya , Kato Ineko , Togari Hajime 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDuring neonatal respiratory support, maintaining optimal humidity minimizes the risk of airway occlusion and chronic lung disease. With neonatal respiratory support using a heated humidifier,condensation following decreases in temperature within the unheated part of the inspiratory circuit represents a serious problem, due to the resulting drop in absolute humidity. Several reports describing the temperature/humidity gradient in the unheated inspiratory limb have excluded the endotracheal tube (ETT). The present study investigated the extent to which the temperature gradient in the ETT affects breathing gas conditioning in premature infants, who display tiny minute volumes. By measuring temperature/dew point at various sites along the inspiratory circuit, including inside the ETT, we evaluated the effects of temperature change in the ETT using an in vitro model of a micropremie on mechanical respirator care in an incubator. We confirmed significant moisture loss (absolute humidity loss; 7.5–10.1 mg/L) with decreasing gas temperature in the ETT external to the body, with subsequent drying of the gas (relative humidity drop, 10.7–22.3%) as temperature increased in the ETT inside the body. The present results suggest that temperature decreases in the ETT represent an important issue in the respiratory care of very premature infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:666–673. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloud‐resolving ensemble simulations of the August 2005 Alpine flood
Authors: Hohenegger Cathy , Walser André , Langhans Wolfgang , Schär Christoph 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this study we explore the potential benefits of applying a cloud‐resolving ensemble prediction system (EPS; 2.2 km grid spacing) over its driving synoptic‐scale limited‐area EPS (COSMO‐LEPS, 10 km grid spacing, driven by the ECMWF EPS) for a case of heavy precipitation over the Alpine region. The selected event is the devastating August 2005 flood that affected the northern Alpine slopes. The cloud‐resolving EPS includes an explicit treatment of deep convection and dynamically downscales the COSMO‐LEPS information. Results are compared against rain‐gauge and radar data. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the results to initial versus lateral boundary uncertainties are analyzed using a series of additional simulations.Comparison of the cloud‐resolving and its driving limited‐area EPS pinpoints the high skill of both ensembles in simulating the major phase of heavy precipitation. The high‐resolution EPS yields more realistic rain amounts, in particular in areas of active convection, but in general the resolution‐induced differences tend to be smaller than typical member‐to‐member variability. The differences between the two ensembles can be tied to the synoptic situation (stratiform or convective precipitation, location of the cyclone), to the mesoscale interaction of the flow with the topography (flow over the Alpine ridge), and to the experimental set‐up (lead time and computational domain).For the considered event and set‐up, the growth of initial perturbations dominates over lateral boundary uncertainties during the first ∼12 integration hours. Afterwards, the ensemble spread is controlled by large‐scale error growth advected from the lateral boundaries into the domain. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Late collapse of distal radius fractures after K-wire removal: is it significant?
Authors: Kurup H. V. , Mandalia V. M. , Shaju K. A. , Singh B. , Beaumont A. R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to find out whether distal radius fractures treated by Kirschner wire (K wire) fixation loose reduction after wire removal and analyze the variables may influence this.

Materials and methods
Patients who underwent K wire fixation for unstable fractures of distal radius over a period of 3 years were included in this retrospective study. Fractures were classified according to AO classification. Radiographs taken just prior to removal of K wires and radiographs taken at least 1 month after wire removal were analyzed to study three radiological parameters; Palmar or dorsal tilt, radial inclination and ulnar variance. Loss of these angles was analyzed statistically against variables like age, sex, AO classification and duration of fixation.

Results
59 fractures were analyzed with mean age of 56 years and male to female ratio of 1:2. Average loss of radial tilt was 2.6°, loss of palmar tilt was 2.6° and loss of ulnar variance was 1.3 mm.

Conclusions
We found that distal radius fractures treated by percutaneous K wire fixation, did not suffer significant loss of reduction of fracture position after removal of wires. This remains true regardless of age, sex, fracture type according to AO type or duration of wire fixation.