bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer incidence trends in Urban Shanghai, 1972‐1989
Authors: Jin Fan , Devesa Susan S. , Zheng Wei , Blot William J. , Fraumeni Joseph F. , Gao Yu‐Tang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIncidence data pertaining to more than 250,000 cancer cases diagnosed during the years 1972‐1989 among residents of urban Shanghai, China, were analyzed to determine the relative importance of the various malignancies and to discover changes over time. In the most recent 3‐year period, lung cancer was the most frequent cancer among men (57.0 per 100,000 person‐years, age‐adjusted world standard), followed by cancers of the stomach (50. 1), liver (29.6), esophagus (13.3), colon (11.2) and rectum (9.4). Among women, breast cancer leads (25.1), followed by cancers of the stomach (23.2), lung (18.8), liver (10.9), colon (10.2) and rectum (7.3). The most impressive increases in incidence rates from 1972‐74 to 1987‐89 were observed for cancers of the gallbladder (119% and 101% among men and women, respectively), colon (85% and 78%), and brain and other nervous system (71% and 60%). In addition, increases of 20‐50% occurred for cancers of the pancreas, male lung, female breast, corpus uteri, kidney, and for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Rates declined notably for cancers of the esophagus (‐54% and ‐53%), cervix uteri (‐86%), and to a lesser extent (10‐20%) cancers of the male stomach and liver. These observed trends can be explained only partly by improvements in cancer diagnosis and completeness of the cancer registry, and most likely reflect changes in the prevalence of risk factors in this population.
int‐2 Amplification in breast cancer: Association with decreased survival and relationship to amplification of c‐erbb‐2 and c‐myc
Authors: Henry J. A. , Hennessy C. , Leveit D. L. , Nard T. W. J. Len , Westley B. R. , May F. E. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmplification of the int‐2 oncogene was measured in a series of breast tumours and related to amplification of the c‐myc and c‐erbB‐2 oncogenes, histopathological features and relapse‐free and overall survival. int‐2 was amplified in 11%, c‐myc in 20% and c‐erbB‐2 in 27% of the tumours assessed. int‐2 amplification was associated with large tumour size (p < 0.05) and reduced relapse‐free (p < 0.05) and overall (p < 0.0005) survival. c‐myc amplification was associated with poor tumour differentiation p < 0.05) but had no association with prognosis. c‐erbB‐2 amplification was associated with low levels of expression of oestrogen receptor mRNA (p < 0.05), poor tumour differentiation (p < 0.05) and shortened relapse‐free (p < 0.OOOl) and overall survival (p < 0.0001). This is the first report of an association between amplification of the int‐2 oncogene in breast tumours and a significantly increased risk of death from breast cancer, and suggests that int‐2 may be useful for identifying breast‐cancer patients having a poor prognosis.
Differences in the post‐translational modification of proteins by polyamines between weakly and highly metastatic B16 melanoma cells
Authors: Beninati Simone , Abbruzzese Alberto , Cardinali Massimo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe identification of (γ‐glutamyl)polyamines in proteolytic digest of proteins from the cytosolic and particulate fractions of B16‐F10 and B 16‐F1OLr6 cell lines, originating from a spontaneous tumor in C57BL/6 mice, indicates that polyamines are incorporated into melanoma cell proteins by transglutaminases (TGases‐EC 2.3.2.13). The levels of spermidine‐derived protein cross‐links were found to be inversely related with the meta‐static potential of the 2 melanoma lines. Characterization of TGase activity in the 2 tumor cell lines showed 3 types of enzyme. The soluble cellular TGase activity (TGase C) was higher, and increased more, during the growth of the least metastasizing clone B16‐F10Lr6 than in the B16‐F10 line, which is the most metastasizing. Consistently, NN8‐bis(γ‐glutamyl) spermidine, which is responsible for protein cross‐link formation, was present in greater amount in B16‐F10Lr6 cells. The enhancement by theophylline of soluble‐TGase activity and spermidine‐dependent protein cross‐links of B16‐F10 cells reduced, with linear dose dependence, the ability of these cells to penetrate through human fibronectin‐coated membrane in an in vitro assay of invasiveness. Our data confirm and extend earlier observations indicating that the propensity of a tumor to metastasize can be indirectly related to intracellular levels of TGase activity, and provide the basis for some speculation concerning the role of polyamines as modifiers of murine melanoma cell proteins in metastasis.
Effects of all‐trans retinoic acid as a potential chemopreventive agent on the formation of azoxymethane‐induced aberrant crypt foci: Differential expression of c‐myc and c‐fos mrna and protein
Authors: Stopera Shelley A. , Bird Ranjana P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe main objectives were to determine the modulating effects of all‐trans retinoic acid on the number, size and multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci as well as the in vivo expression of the genes c‐myc and c‐fos. These foci, which are hypothesized to be the pre‐malignant lesions of colon cancer, were induced in Sprague‐Dawley rats with a single injection of azoxymethane. Rats were fed either a control diet (AIN‐76) or the control diet to which had been added 75 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg all‐trans retinoic acid. Within 4 weeks, we observed that the diets containing all‐trans retinoic acid reduced the total number and multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci in the colon. However, all‐trans retinoic acid increased the size of the lesions that persisted, possibly due to a greater proportion of lesions with dilated crypts. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed on the colons for the in vivo analysis of gene expression in these lesions. The expression of myc‐specific mRNA and protein in aberrant crypt foci significantly decreased with both levels of all‐trans retinoic acid. In contrast, fos‐specific mRNA and protein in aberrant crypt foci significantly increased when 150 mg/kg all‐trans retinoic acid was added to the diet. The most important findings of this investigation are that intervention with all‐trans retinoic acid in the pre‐malignant stage of colon carcinogenesis is effective in decreasing the number and growth of aberrant crypt foci and altering the expression of the c‐myc and c‐fas genes.
Combined therapy with IL‐6 and inactivated tumor cells suppresses metastasis in mice bearing 3LL lung carcinomas
Authors: Katz Anne , Shulman Lester M. , Revel Michel , Feldman Michael , Eisenbach Lea 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated the anti‐tumor effects of human recombinant interleukin‐6 (hrlL‐6) on the highly metastatic Lewis lung‐carcinoma clone, D122. These cells express high‐affinity IL‐6 receptors at numbers comparable to the IL‐6‐dependent murine hybridoma B9 cells; however, IL‐6 did not affect D122 cell proliferation or expression of MHC‐class‐1 antigens in vitro. In vivo, treatment of mice bearing D122 tumors in the footpads, with a low dose of IL‐6 in 3 daily injections, 4 days a week for 3 weeks, significantly decreased spontaneous metastases. However, only combined treatment of IL‐6 and irradiated tumor cells resulted in almost complete protection against spontaneous metastases. Histological analysis confirmed the absence of micrometastases in most of the animals treated by this combination protocol. Analysis of the cytolytic activity of splenocytes at various time points during combined IL‐6 and immunotherapy of tumor‐bearing mice revealed significant and sustained lysis of the poorly immunogenic D122 carcinoma cells, while splenocytes of control mice could not lyse D122 target cells. Activation of specific immunity was also demonstrated when mice were pre‐immunized with hrlL‐6 and inactivated D122 cells and challenged with live carcinoma cells 10 days later. Significant growth inhibition of the primary tumor was observed.
Tumor‐necrosis factor can enhance radio‐antibody uptake in human colon carcinoma xenografts by increasing vascular permeability
Authors: Folli Silvio , Épèlegrin Andr , Chalandon Yves , Yao Xiaofei , Buchegger Franz , Lienard Danielle , Lejeune Ferdi , Mach Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMarked differences in the tumor uptake of a 125I‐labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were observed in 4 serially transplanted human colorectal carcinomas in nude mice. A comparative study showed that elevated values of measurable tumor vascular parameters, such as permeability, blood flow and blood volume, correlated better with high MAb tumor uptake than the concentration of target antigen in the tumor. In an attempt to modify the vascular parameters and to determine if this could increase antibody uptake by the tumor, rhTNFα (TNF) was injected i.t. or i.v. and antibody localization experiments were performed immediately thereafter. Results showed that the permeability of the tumor vessels increased 8 to 10 fold 1 hr after i.t. injection of TNF as compared to control tumors injected with saline. Tumor uptake of 125I‐labeled anti‐CEA MAb, was 3 times higher 2 hr after i.v. injection and still 27% higher 22 hr later, as compared to results from controls. Intravenous injection of TNF simultaneously with the l25I‐ labeled anti‐CEA MAb also resulted in a 2‐fold increase in tumor uptake 4 hr after injection, but the increase was no longer significant 24 hr after injection. Interestingly after i.v. injection of TNF, the MAb concentration in the blood and other normal tissues, such as liver, kidneys, lungs and heart was decreased, resulting in significantly higher ratios of tumor to normal tissue. Taken together the results demonstrate that injection of TNF can increase tumor vascular permeability and improve radioantibody uptake. This raises the possibility of increasing the radiation dose delivered by antibody to the tumor in the course of radioimmunotherapy.
Antigen processing and presentation by EBV‐carrying cell lines: Cell‐phenotype dependence and influence of the EBV‐encoded LMP1
Authors: de Campos‐Lima Pedro O. , Torsteinsdóttir Sigurbjörg , Cuomo Laura , Klein George , Sulitzeanu Dov , Masuccii Maria G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBurkitt's‐lymphoma (BL) lines which have maintained in vitro the tumor‐cell phenotype (group‐1 BLs) are poor antigen‐ presenting cells (APC), in spite of a relatively high surface expression of MHC class II. In order to investigate the mechanism of this deficiency, we have compared group‐1 BL lines, their sub‐lines which have progressed in vitro towards an LCL‐like phenotype (group‐III BL), and EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), for their ability to bind and process tetanus toxoid (TT). The uptake and internalization of 125I‐labelled TT was equivalent in the 3 cell types. Only LCLs and group‐III BL lines were able to process the IT,as shown by the identification of discrete proteolytic products after separation of whole‐cell extracts in tricine‐SDS‐polyacrylamide gels, and by the recovery of TCA‐soluble radioactivity in the culture supernatant. Processing of TT was induced by expression of the EBV‐ encoded membrane protein LMPI in transfected group‐I BLs. The present findings suggest that the inability of group‐I BLs to act as APC is due to their failure to process exogenous antigens. This function appears to be related to phenotypic properties that can be modulated by the expression of LMPI.
Age distribution of histologic types of breast carcinoma
Authors: Stalsberg Helge , Thomas David B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe large number of cases in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program of the US National Cancer Institute allowed a detailed analysis of the age distribution of the histologic types of invasive breast carcinoma. Between ages 50 and 85 years in females, the age‐specific incidence rate shows little change for medullary, inflammatory and apocrine carcinomas; is about doubled for Paget's disease and for ductal, lobular, tubular and metaplastic carcinomas; and increases to 4 to 8 times the menopausal level for mucinous, papillary and signet‐ring‐cell carcinomas. The peri‐menopausal break on the age‐incidence curve is most marked for carcinomas of predominantly lobular origin and virtually absent for carcinomas of predominantly ductal origin. In males, the age distribution of papillary carcinoma is similar to that of all types combined, whereas that of mucinous carcinoma is skewed towards older ages, as in females.
Cancer in Kampala, Uganda, in 1989–91: Changes in incidence in the era of aids
Authors: Wabinga Henry R. , Mugerwa Joshua W. , Parkin D. Maxwell , Wabwire‐Mangen Fred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRe‐establishment of the cancer registry in Kyadondo County, Uganda, has allowed estimation of incidence rates for the period September 1989 to December 1991. The results are compared with earlier data from the same area, and from other African cancer registries. The most striking feature is the emergence of Kaposi's sarcoma as the leading cancer in males (almost half of all registered cases) and the second most frequent (17.9%) in females. This parallels the evolution of the epidemic of AIDS. There were also marked increases in the incidence of both oesophageal and prostatic carcinoma, while the incidence of cancer of the penis and the urinary bladder declined, possibly as a result of improved standards of hygiene. In females, the incidence of cancer of the cervix has more than doubled since the 1950s, and is now among the highest recorded in the African continent.
Expression of the neuroglandular antigen and analogues in melanoma. CD9 expression appears inversely related to metastatic potential of melanoma
Authors: Si Zhaoyi , Hersey Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunohistological methods were used to examine the relation between the metastatic potential of melanoma and expression of the neuroglandular antigen (CD63) and other members of this family of molecules, CD53, CD37, CD9 and the target of an anti‐proliferative antibody (TAPA‐1), as well as MHC‐class‐I and ‐II antigens. The criteria used to establish metastatic potential were their relation to thickness of the primary melanoma, and differences in expression between vertical and radial growth phases of primary melanoma and between primary and metastatic melanoma. Studies on basal‐cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) were also included as controls for malignant skin cancers with low metastatic potential. Expression of CD9 and MHC‐class‐1 antigen was found to be inversely related to thickness of the primary tumor, and CD9 was expressed predominantly on primary rather than on metastatic tumors. CD9 expression correlated with MHC‐class‐1 expression on melanoma, and both were expressed on BCCs and SCCs having low metastatic potential, but not on compound nevi. CD63 and TAPA‐1 were expressed on nevi but not on SCC and BCC. Leu 13 is a molecule associated with TAPA‐1 in lymphomas, and was found to be expressed in sections from 5 out of 34 primary and 5 out of 21 metastatic melanoma. CD53 and CD37 were not detected on melanoma. Our results indicate that several members of the neuroglandular antigen are expressed in melanoma and that low expression of CD9 on primary melanomas might have prognostic significance with respect to the potential for metastasis.
Sex differences in lung‐cancer risk associated with cigarette smoking
Authors: Osann Kathryn E. , Anton‐Culver Hoda , Kurosaki Tom , Taylor Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe importance of cigarette smoking as a risk factor for specific histologic types of lung cancer in men and women has been examined in a case‐control analysis of data from the Cancer Surveillance Program of Orange County, a population‐based registry. Smoking habits were abstracted from medical records for 1153 men and 833 women diagnosed with primary lung cancer in 1984–1986 and 1851 men and 1656 women aged 30 or older diagnosed with cancers not associated with smoking. Ninety‐six percent of men and 89% of women with lung cancer were current or former cigarette smokers, as compared with 55% of men and 34% of women with other cancers. The age and ethnicity‐adjusted odds ratios (OR) for ever‐smoking were 19.7 for men and 15.0 for women. Men and women who smoked 2 or more packs per day experienced nearly equal risks. Comparison of the most common cell types showed that women smokers had equal or lower ORs for squamous‐cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, but higher OR for small‐cell carcinoma, as compared with men smokers. While the smoking‐associated OR were equal for small‐cell and squamous‐cell carcinomas in men, the OR for women were significantly higher for small‐cell carcinoma than for squamous‐cell carcinoma.
Estrone sulfate promotes human breast cancer cell replication and nuclear uptake of estradiol in MCF‐7 cell cultures
Authors: Santner S. J. , Ohlsson‐Wilhelm B. , Santen R. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEstradiol levels in breast tumors from post‐menopausal women are similar to those in pre‐menopausal women even though plasma estrogens are much lower after the menopause. In situ estrogen production by the tumor provides a potential means of maintaining high estradiol levels in post‐menopausal breast cancer tissue. The estrone sulfatase pathway has been proposed as the mediator of in situ estrogen production. A number of studies suggest that estrone sulfate may be converted into estradiol in breast tumors via the catalytic activity of estrone sulfatase and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. However, these studies used pharmacologic levels of estrogen sulfates and have not shown that physiologic levels can support biologic effects. Accordingly, the present study examined the dose relationship of estrone sulfate to a variety of biologic endpoints in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells in culture. These cells converted physiologic concentrations of estrone sulfate to quantities of free estradiol capable of stimulating cell growth. Under these conditions, the nuclear steroids observed were free estrone and estradiol. Increase in cell number after 6 days of exposure to steroid required 100 nM estrone sulfate. However, S‐phase, a more sensitive measure of cell proliferation, was stimulated by 0.1 nM estrone sulfate, a clearly physiologic concentration. Stimulation of estrogen‐dependent protein markers such as pS2 and progesterone receptor required much higher concentrations of estrone sulfate. These effects were mediated through the estrogen receptor since the pure anti‐estrogen, ICI 164384, blocked all effects produced by estrone sulfate. While it has been suggested that anti‐estrogens may partly exert their effects by inhibition of sulfatase and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, this did not occur under our experimental conditions. These data provide evidence of the relevance of the estrone sulfatase pathway since biologic effects can be demonstrated in response to physiologic concentrations of estrone sulfate.
N‐terminal peptide fragments of lipocortin‐1 inhibit a549 cell growth and block EGF‐induced stimulation of proliferation
Authors: Croxtall J. D. , Waheed S. , Choudhury Q. , Anand R. , Flower R. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLipocortin‐1 mediates growth inhibition of glucocorticoids in A549 cells by suppressing the release of PGE2 necessary for their proliferation. We now show that 2 peptide fragments derived from the N‐terminal portion of lipocortin‐1 corresponding to amino‐acids 13–25 and 21–33 also inhibited A549 cell growth and suppressed release of PGE2, whereas peptides 1–12 and 13–25 (Phe21; in which the tyrosine at position 21 was replaced by a phenylalanine residue) were inactive. Similarly, peptide 21–33 (Phe21) and a scrambled sequence of 13–25 failed to inhibit cell growth. Moreover, the EGF‐induced stimulation of cell proliferation and PGE2 release in these cells was blocked by peptides 13–25 and 21–33, and also by peptides 1–12, 13–25 (Phe21) and 21–33 (Phe21), but not by a scrambled sequence of peptide 13–25.
Potentiation of dna‐adduct formation and cytotoxicity of platinum‐containing drugs by low pH
Authors: Atema Anita , Buurman Karin J. H. , Smets Lou A. , Noteboom Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe low interstitial pH of tumor tissue is an important modulator of various anti‐tumor modalities. In order to explore the optimal conditions for the potentiating action of low pH on the cytotoxic activities of cis‐ and carbo‐platin, we have investigated the temporal aspects of drug activity and pH modulation in L1210 murine leukemia cells in comparison with various other drugs. Extra‐ and intra‐cellular pH of L1210 cells was modulated before, during and after drug exposure and survival of L1210 cells was determined. During short exposures, cytotoxicity of cisplatin and alkylating drugs was potentiated by conditions of low pH in the ranking order of: cisplatin, mitomycin C., melphalan and chlorambucil. Low pH had no effect on the cytotoxic activity of carboplatin and cytosine arabinoside and it inhibited the action of doxorubicin. During prolonged incubation at low pH, potentiation of cisplatin was increased and a more than 3‐fold potentiation was induced in the case of carboplatin. Part of the latter effect was also manifested by 20 hr post‐incubation in drug‐free medium at low pH after a 4‐hr exposure to carboplatin. Post‐incubation did not increase the stimulating effect of low pH on the cytotoxic activity of melphalan and cisplatin. Acidification affected neither the uptake nor the extracellular hydrolysis of platinum‐containing drugs. Under all circumstances, potentiation of platinum‐containing drugs was accompanied by an increase in platinum‐induced DNA modification, as detected by immunocytochemistry.
Genital types of papillomavirus in children of women with HIV‐1 infection in Kinshasa, Zaire
Authors: Louis Michael E. St. , Kamenga Munkolenkole , Ryder Robert W. , Heyward William L. , Icenogle Joseph P. , Reeves William C. , Manzila Tarande 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that infection with genital types of human papillomavirus (HPV) can occur prior to the onset of sexual activity, possibly by perinatal transmission. Evidence is also accumulating that women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) more frequently express HPV. We conducted this study to measure HPV prevalence in HIV‐seropositive and ‐seronegative women in Kinshasa, Zaire and in their children. We collected cervico‐vaginal lavage specimens from 80 mothers (52 HIV‐seropositive and 28 HIV‐seronegative at the time of delivery) and oropharyngeal and perineal specimens from their 81 3‐year old children (21 HIV‐seropositive and 60 ‐seronegative). We used the ViraPap and ViraType assay to test specimens for HPV DNA by the dot‐blot technique. Detection of HPV in the mother was highly associated with HIV: 20 HIV‐seropositive women and one seronegative woman had HPV DNA. Ten children had HPV DNA. However, detection of HPV in the children was not associated with the mothers' HPV or HIV status or with the child's own HIV status. These findings document a substantial prevalence in young children of HPV DNA types that are linked to genital‐tract neoplasia in adults, but do not specifically support a hypothesis of mother‐to‐child transmission of genital HPV types.