bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulus Specificity of Electrodermal Recovery Time: An Examination and Reinterpretation of The Evidence
Authors: Bundy Robert S. , Fitzgerald Hiram E. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTTwo experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that skin conductance response recovery time can be (a) independent of other electodermal measures and (b) responsive in particular stimulus manipulations when other measures of electrodermal activity are not Experiment I employed a reaction time task. The results indicated that recovery time discriminated between the warning and execution signals only when the number of responses in the intertrial interval and preparatory interval differed. For those subjects who responded only to the signals, the recovery lime was strongly correlated with the time since the previous response. In Experiment II each subject was presented three different stimulus conditions (mirror tracing, rest, and pressor). The recovery time did not discriminate between the stimulus conditions differently than other electrodermal measures. The results of these experiments suggest that the recovery time primarily reflects the amount of previous responding and is not independent of other electrodermal measures.
Frontalis Muscle Tension and Sleep Latency
Authors: Good Robin 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThis study examined the relationship between frontalis muscle tension and sleep latency. Fifteen subjects reporting various sleep latencies participated. In addition to recording frontalis muscle tension, sleep was monitored on a polygraph for 3 nights. Contrary to expectation, the waking frontalis EMG level did not predict sleep latency. If future research were to show a similar lack of relationship between tension in other muscle groups and sleep onset, it would call into question the use of muscle relaxant drugs and muscle relaxation training in the treatment of sleep‐onset insomnia.
Interval Histogram Analysis of Period of the Electroencephalogram in Relation to Age During Growth and Development in Normal Children
Authors: Surwillo Walter W. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTEEGs were recorded in a group of 41 healthy children aged 5–17 yrs, under conditions where state of the organism was carefully controlled, For each child, durations of a sample of 760 EEG half wavelengths were measured and distributed into an interval histogram. A central‐moments analysis revealed that the first four central moments of the distributions‐which measure the central tendency, dispersion, skewness, and kurtosis of the interval histograms‐were significantly correlated (p<.01) with age of the children. Multiple regression analysis yielded a statistically‐significant multiple correlation coefficient (R) which was equal to 711. Successive recomputations of R using fewer than the four predictor predictor variable yielded an R of .704, when only the measures of dispersion, skewness. and kurtosis were employed.The Predictive value of the multiple regression equation based on the three predictor variables was tested in an independent group of 42 children also aged 5‐17 yrs. EEGs were recorded us in the previous sample, and the second, third, and fourth moments of their distributions of 760 EEG half wavelength were determined. When used in the previously‐derived multiple regression equation, these moments yielded estimated ages which correlated significantly (.47) with the children's actual ages. Since the regression equation could reduce from chance the error of predicting age in the 5–17 yr old range by about 22%, it was concluded that the higher‐order central moments of EEG interval histograms can be of use in charting the course of normal growth and development.
Systolic Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Changes During Three Sessions Involving Biofeedback or No Feedback
Authors: Fey Steven G. , Lindholm Ernest 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTTwo groups of normotensive human subjects of both sexes received contingent feedback for increases or decreases in systolic blood pressure, and two additional groups received random (non‐contingent) feedback or no feedback. Subjects in all groups served fur three 1‐hr sessions separated by intervals of 24 hrs. Reliable decreases in blood pressure, reaching a maximum of 9.5 mm Hg at the end of the third session, were observed in the decrease group. No systematic changes in blood pressure were observed in the increase, random, or no‐feedback groups. Heart rate increased or decreased in the groups receiving contingent feedback for increasing or decreasing blood pressure, respectively. It is concluded that contingent feedback is effective in lowering blood pressure and that decreases are augmented by extended training. The covariance of heart rate and blood pressure is discussed with reference lo curlier experiments.
Effect of Self‐Enhanced EEG Alpha on Performance and Mood After Two Nights of Sleep Loss
Authors: Hord D. J. , Tracy M. L. , Lubin A. , Johnson L. C. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTCan the deleterious effects of acute sleep loss on performance and mood be ameliorated by self‐enhanced alpha activity? Fourteen Naval volunteers were divided equally into an experimental (alpha‐contingent auditory feedback) group and a yoked control (pseudo feedback) group. All subjects received feedback plus performance and mood tests during 3 baseline days and following 2 days and 2 nights without sleep. Feedback was given for 45 min in the morning and 45 mm in the afternoon, preceding performance and mood tests. The self‐enhanced alpha (experimental) subjects did produce more alpha than the yoked controls during all feedback sessions except for one pair that was discarded. Of eleven measures that were sensitive to deep loss, two performance scores and one mood score showed significantly less sleep‐loss decrement for the self‐enhanced alpha group (at the usual univariate. 05 level). Two recall scores and an anxiety score showed more impairment for the self‐enhanced alpha group following sleep loss. The differences were not significant, however, by (he conservative Dunn‐Bonferroni multivariate criterion, so our results are not conclusive.Alpha enhancement may help maintain performance that requires continuous attention, such us counting and auditory discrimination, but does not ameliorate the sleep‐loss effect for anxiety, memory, and addition.
Sleep Efficiency for Sleep‐Wake Cycles of Varied Length
Authors: Webb W. B. , Agnew H. W. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to test sleep efficiency while subjects were maintained on non‐24‐hr regimens of sleep and wakefulness. The regimens studied were 9, 12, 18, 30, and 36‐hr sleep‐wake cycles. In each regimen the ratio of.sleep to wakefulness was held constant in a 1:2 ratio, i.e. there were 2 hrs of wakefulness for each hour of scheduled sleep.The amounts of sleep obtained under each experimental regimen were less than those obtained under the baseline days or 24 hrs. The sleep losses resulted both from an increase in the latency of sleep onset and increased wakefulness after sleep unset. The primary variables which resulted in less efficient sleep were schedule differences in prior wakefulness, circadian effects on the displacement of sleep onset times, a sleep termination effect, and the frequency of occurrence of the allotted sleep periods. In the short regimens the awake time after sleep onset was strongly associated with the degree to which prior wakefulness was reduced. In the longer regimens the principal sources of awake time were extended sleep length and a sleep termination effect.
Psychopathy and Physiological Arousal in an Aggressive Task
Authors: Dengerink H. A. , Bertilson H. S. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTHeart rate level (HRL) and both dorsal and palmar skin conductance level (SCL) of Psychopathic, Mixed, and Non‐psychopathic prison inmates were measured while the inmates were engaged in the Buss aggression task which requires subjects to shock a learner for making errors. The Mixed and Psychopathic groups evidenced HRLs which were significantly higher than those of the Non‐psychopathic group during the later trial Mocks. The Non‐psychopathic group increased palmar SCLs across trial blocks, while no such changes were observed for Mixed and Psychopathic groups. No differences between groups were observed in the dorsal SCL measures. This pattern of low SCL together with elevated HRL, reported previously for psychopaths in conditioning or “count‐down” situations with electric shock, may also appear in psychopaths engaged in a mildly stressful social interaction.
An Application Language for Psychophysiological Experimentation
Authors: Legewie Heiner , Dirlich Gerhard , Gerster Freidemann 
Published: February 2007

ABS: AN APPLICATION LANGUAGE FOR PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTATION IBM 1130 (8K) Acronym: ABS (Adaptive Bio‐Signal Language). Machine Sensible Materials: Preamplified biosignals. Documentation: Operating manual (80 pp. German). Author: F. Gerster. Submitted by: H. Legewie Submitter's Affiliation: Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatric, Munich, Federal Republic of GermanyABS is an application language for biosignal processing and experimental control. It is running on an IBM 1130 which is connected to a WDV Lab Interface which allows biosignal input and process control output and which serves as a realtime clock. ABS is implemented on the basis of the IBM 1130/1800 macro assembler, so it can be adapted to an IBM 1800 with slight modifications.It allows the easy programming of individual ABS programs to solve a set of problems in psychophysiological experimentation: On‐line acquisition and reduction of biosignals from up to 20 input channels, including 4 channels of EEG; simultaneous experimental control by simple statement for time scheduling, control of the output channels, logic and arithmetic operations applied to the reduced biosignals for feedback functions; facilities for on‐line interaction with the experimenter and for on‐line testing: organization of a complete data file of the experiment on a background storage device. Minimum Hardware: IBM 1130 (8K core and 520K disc), WDV Laboratory Interface1 realtime clock, 8 analog, 8 digital, 4 trigger input channels; digital mag tape optional.
The Effects of Paced Tapping on Heart Rate, Skin Conductance, and Muscle Potential
Authors: Carriero Nicholas John 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe use of a tapping response as an indicant of interest or preference in studies of the physiological correlates of attitude and attitude change is discussed. The physiological effects of paced tapping, using rates that might be employed in attitudinal studies, were examined under conditions free of attitudinal import. Major findings were: (1) There is no significant difference in the effect on HR with rates up to 3/sec. (2) There is no significant difference in the effect on SCL with rates up to 7/sec. (3) When raw EMG scores are used as the basis of analysis no significant differences are found with rates up to 3/sec; however, when the square root transform of this variable is used, a significant effect is found for all rates used in at least one of the phases of the experiment. The results, taken as a whole, indicate the possibility of either controlling or mathematically compensating for the physiological effect of the tapping response, per se, in attitudinal studies.
Sleep Stage Deprivation and Total Sleep Loss: Effects On Sleep Behavior
Authors: Moses J. M. , Johnson L. C. , Naitoh P. , Lubin A. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe combined effects of total sleep loss and the deprivation of stage 4 or stage REM were studied in I two separate experiments. Two full nights or sleep loss preceded stage 4 deprivation or stage REM deprivation in Experiment 1 (N=12); 1 full night of sleep loss followed 3 nights or stage 4 deprivation or stage REM deprivation in Experiment 2 (N=I4).Total sleep loss before sleep stage deprivation significantly increased the number of attempts to enter stage 4, but had little influence on stage REM. A significant REM rebound was found in only one of the REM‐deprived groups, but there was a significant stage 4 rebound in all groups on the first full recovery night, supporting the hypothesis from other studies that stage 4 has priority over REM in terms of recovery from sleep loss. The results suggested that stages 2, 3, and 4 partially overlap in their recuperative functions.
Visual Evoked Potentials Before and After Kraepelin Performance Test in Schizophrenia
Authors: Kadobayashi Iwao , Toyoshima Akiteru , Kato Nobukatsu 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTVisual evoked potentials of a group of 25 schizophrenic patients, a group of 13 neurotics, and a group of 24 healthy subjects were recorded before and after Kraepelin performance test. Soon after performance of the addition test for 15 min. amplitudes of later components (waves IV, V, and VI) of the potential were reduced in schizophrenics, while neurotic patients and healthy subjects did not show such changes.
Schizophrenia and Evoked Potentials: Maximum Amplitude, Frequency of Peaks, Variability, and Phenothiazine Effects
Authors: Rappaport Maurice , Hopkins H. Kenneth , Hall Karyl , Belleza Teodoro , Hall Robert A. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare averaged visual evoked potentials AVEPs) in normal subjects and in schizophrenics off and on phenothiazine medication. Flashes of 4 intensities were used. Ss were tested 3 times within a 1 month period. Measures of maximum amplitude (Am), frequency of peaks I FOP), and variability (V) were obtained‐ With increases in stimulus intensity all Ss showed increases in Ams and decreases in FOPs and V. Schizophrenics had smaller Ams. greater FOPs, and grear V than normals. Schizoprenies on phenothiazines generally had less FOPs initially and after 1 wk mi medication but not after about I month on medication. There was no consistently significant effect of phenothiazines on maximum amplitude. NO drug effect on variability was observed. Schizophrenics showed a decrease in FOPs over time while normals showed an increase. A relationship was found between variability and overall thought disturbance. Changes in clinical condition over a month were not associated with discernible AVEP changes. Relationships between Am, FOP, unit V are presented.
Effects of Vibrotactile Background on the Somatosensory Evoked Response
Authors: Feinsod Moshe , Feinsod Rachel , Madey Julius M. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe somatosensory evoked response (SER) to Vibrotactile stimuli superimposed on a constant vibrotactile background of different intensities was studied in 5 subjects. It was found that vibrotactile background of low intensity enhanced the amplitude of the SER. Further increase of the intensity of the background caused a decrease in the SER amplitude.These resulted are compared to evoked response studies in visual and auditory systems.
Influence of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs on Recovery of Skeletal Electromyographic Activity in the Rat
Authors: Wilson J. Roger , Dicara Leo V. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTDose‐related from muscular paralysis was examined in rats following a single intraperitoneal injection of one of three neuromuscular blockers: succinylcholine (SC), dimethyl d‐tubocurarine iodide (DM), or d‐tubocurarine chloride (dTC), Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the ipsilateral biceps femoris and biceps brachii muscles were sampled in each S. Time required to attain a predetermined percent integrated EMG activity, relative in a level established after drug stabilization, served as the major index of recovery. The results showed that the effect of SC and DM on regaining motor control is predictable on a mg/kg body weight basis. However, increasing the dose level of dTC produced no difference in the time required for the initial consistent signs of EMG recovery. Drug‐dosage effects on recovery from paralysis could not be attributed to systematic changes in either basal heart rate or rectal temperature. The results are interpreted as supporting other reports of the unpredictable consequences of dTC‐induced paralysis.
The Effects of Stress Films on Dream Affect and on Respiration and Eye‐Movement Activity During Rapid‐Eye‐Movement Sleep
Authors: Goodenough Donald R. , Witkin Herman A. , Koulack David , Cohen Harvey 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe effects of stress on the affective content of dreams and on rapid‐eye‐movement (REM) period eye‐movement activity and respiration were studied. The experiment was also designed to examine the similarity between walking and sleeping states in the respiratory correlates of emotion. Sleep records and dream reports were collected following the viewing of stress and neutral films. The stress films significantly increased dream anxiety and also increased REM‐period respiratory irregularity among those Ss who, in the walking state, showed irregular breath patterns in response to stressful film scenes. Some evidence was also found that dream affect is related to RFM‐period respiratory irregularity among the Ss who are walking responders. These data are interpreted as supporting the hypothesized congruence between the waking und dream states in The relationship between affect and breathing irregularity.
An Evaluation of Field Techniques in Detection of Deception
Authors: Barland Gordon H. , Raskin David C. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTField techniques of detecting deception were evaluated using a mock crime situation. Thirty‐six Ss were “guilty” of taking $10, and 36 Ss were “innocent,” A field‐type interview was followed by a zone comparison control‐question polygraph examination. A Keeler field polygraph was used to record physiology activity, and field (semi‐objective) and quantitative evaluations of the charts were made. Those who evaluated the charts were not informed about the “guilt” or “innocence” of each S. Using field evaluations, there were 53% correct. 12% incorrect, and 35% inconclusives. Excluding inconclusives there were 81% correct decision. using quantitative scoring, significant discriination between “guilty” and “innocent” was obtaindd with skin resistance, cardiovascular, and respiration measures, with skin resistance best. Field evaluations also produced significant discrimination for all three measures. Blind evaluations of the charts by 5 additional examiners produced high agreement among examiner decisions and a mean correlation of .86 among total scores. Thus, the effectiveness of commonly used field techniques and equipment in differentiating truth and deception was demonstrated in a laboratory setting.
Voluntary Control and Reactivity of Human Heart Rate
Authors: Bell Iris R. , Schwartz Gary E. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTFactors in human voluntary heart rate control with and without external feedback were studied. Average voluntary heart rate control in the laboratory was comparable to the range of heart rates obtained during accelerative‐decelerative ‘reactivity’ tasks in the laboratory and to heart rates obtained during various situation* outside of the laboratory. However, cardiac rate reactivity did not reliably predict voluntary control performance across subjects (Ss). With full instructions, Ss were able to increase but not decrease heart rate relative to resting levels before feedback was provided. With full‐scale meter feedback. Ss could both increase and decrease heart rate relative to resting levels. Performance in Bidirectional control during feedback remained constant. The ability both to increase and to decrease heart rate transferred to the postfeedback. no‐meter condition. Reversing the meaning of the Up and Down cue lights during post‐feedback for half of the As had no deleterious effect on bidirectional heart rate control. The importance of physiological and situational constraints in Bidirectional heart rate control is discussed.
Response Relationships in SRR Conditioning
Authors: Martin Irene , Levy A. B. , Slubicka Barbara 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTRelationships among orienting responses (ORs), anticipatory responses (ARs), and both unconditioned responses. (UCRs) and the UCR‐latency responses which occur on acquisition test trials were examined in an 8 sec CS/UCS skin resistance response (SRR) conditioning schedule, Response characteristics were scored objectively by means of a Linc‐8 program based on the rate of change of amplitude, and included response frequency, amplitude, onset and peak latencies.Substantial interaction were observed between AR and UCR characteristics, Negative correlations were obtained between AR and UCR occurrences on reinforced trials, shown to be associated with a long peak latency of the AR. AR/UCR amplitude relationships were also negative, indicating that high amplitude ARs lend to occur with low amplitude UCRs. Results on reinforced trials, however, showed a positive relationship between AR/UCR‐latency frequency.
Calibration of Earphone‐Transmitted Sounds
Authors: Putnam Lois E. , Graham Frances K. , Sigafus David L. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe intensity of acoustic stimulation is frequently a variable of interest in psychophysiological studies but calibration procedures, particularly when earphones are employed, are not always adequate. The present study demonstrates that intensity is underestimated, more seriously at low frequencies, when calibration does not employ an appropriate coupler. Several standardized calibration methods are discussed in terms of their suitability For routine laboratory use.
A Chronic Electrode for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: Application for Vagal Stimulation
Authors: Slaughter John S. , Hahn William W. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTAn electrode suitable for chronic implantation around the cervical vagus with lead wires attached to a female connector head piece was developed. Electrical stimulation through the electrode effectively produced a heart rate decrease, an indicator of effective vagal stimulation, in approximately 75 of the subjects implanted for a 14 day test period.
Electrodermal Responses and Subjective Estimates of UCS Probability in a Long Interstimulus Interval Conditioning Paradigm
Authors: Ohman Arne , Ellstrom Per‐Eerikm , Bjorkstrand Par‐Ake 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTIn an investigation of the relationship between subjective awareness and classical conditioning, two groups of 20 subjects each were required to state subjective estimates of shock‐UCS probabilities for 5 visual CSs differing in geometrical form and signalling objective UCS probabilities of 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100%. First‐and second‐interval anticipatory and third‐interval unconditioned and omission skin conductance responses (FARs, SARs, TURs, and TORs) were measured. One group was required to learn the different CS‐UCS contingencies, and the other was instructed about the contingencies by having the objective probability superimposed on the geometrical form. The instruction group showed over‐all steeper probability gradients for subjective expectancies and FARs, whereas SARs and TORs tended to show inverted‐U shaped relationships to probability. The TUR showed no effect of probability. The trial‐by‐trial correlations between subjective expectancy and skin conductance responses were generally significant, and for the FAR they were larger in the instruction than in the learning group. The magnitude of correlation, however, was quite low. Differentiation between the 0 and 100% CSs in subjective expectancy and FARs coincided temporally.