bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body temperature depression and peripheral heat loss accompany the metabolic and ventilatory responses to hypoxia in low and high altitude birds
Authors: Scott Graham R. , Cadena Viviana , Tattersall Glenn J. , Milsom William K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe objectives of this study were to compare the thermoregulatory,metabolic and ventilatory responses to hypoxia of the high altitude bar-headed goose with low altitude waterfowl. All birds were found to reduce body temperature (Tb) during hypoxia, by up to 1–1.5°C in severe hypoxia. During prolonged hypoxia, Tb stabilized at a new lower temperature. A regulated increase in heat loss contributed to Tb depression as reflected by increases in bill surface temperatures (up to 5°C) during hypoxia. Bill warming required peripheral chemoreceptor inputs, since vagotomy abolished this response to hypoxia. Tb depression could still occur without bill warming, however, because vagotomized birds reduced Tb as much as intact birds. Compared to both greylag geese and pekin ducks, bar-headed geese required more severe hypoxia to initiate Tb depression and heat loss from the bill. However, when Tb depression or bill warming were expressed relative to arterial O2 concentration (rather than inspired O2) all species were similar; this suggests that enhanced O2 loading,rather than differences in thermoregulatory control centres, reduces Tb depression during hypoxia in bar-headed geese. Correspondingly, bar-headed geese maintained higher rates of metabolism during severe hypoxia (7% inspired O2), but this was only partly due to differences in Tb. Time domains of the hypoxic ventilatory response also appeared to differ between bar-headed geese and low altitude species. Overall, our results suggest that birds can adjust peripheral heat dissipation to facilitate Tb depression during hypoxia,and that bar-headed geese minimize Tb and metabolic depression as a result of evolutionary adaptations that enhance O2transport.
Alcohol Oxidation in Ionic Liquid with UHP and Recyclable Amberlite IR-120 Acidic Resin: A Green Approach
Authors: Bhati Nishi , Sarma Kuladip , Goswami Amrit 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Amberlite IR-120 acidic resin, an age old polymer matrix, plays a significant role as catalyst in the oxidation of aromatic alcohols with urea–hydrogen peroxide in ionic liquid at 70 °C to disproportionate into phenols and carbonyl compounds in 30–60 min following two pathways. Under similar condition tertiary aromatic alcohol gave exclusively monohydroxyphenol accompanied by acetone. However, aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols yielded carbonyl compounds in moderate to good yields in 1–5 h.
Barium-stabilized Sr2AlxSi12−xN16−xOx+2:Eu Green Phosphor for White Light UVLED
Authors: Xie Wenjie , Wang Yachong , Xu Xin , Chen Chusheng 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
We discovered the stabilization effect of only 1 wt % Ba on synthesizing Eu2+-doped pure Sr–S-phase(Sr2AlxSi12−xN16−xOx+2) under a moderate condition and studied their luminescent properties. The excitation band is at UV–vis spectral region which is about 300–370 nm, and the emission band at 508–538 nm. The emission wavelength changes from 508 to 538 nm as a function of Eu2+ concentration, and the maximum emission intensity could be obtained with the Eu2+ concentration of 0.2. This phosphor can be the potential candidate for using as the green phosphor for UVLED-based white light.
Reversible Single Crystal-to-Amorphous Phase Transition upon Dehydration–Rehydration and Associated Magnetism in [MnII(enH)(H2O)][CrIII(CN)6]·H2O
Authors: Yoshida Yusuke , Inoue Katsuya , Kurmoo Mohamedally 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
We report the rare occurrence of a reversible loss of crystallinity upon dehydration and regain upon rehydration by in situ X-ray diffraction on a single crystal of [MnII(enH)(H2O)][CrIII(CN)6]·H2O and the associated thermal and magnetic properties characterized by an increase of the Curie temperature of the soft ferrimagnet from 42 to 75 K.
Testing rates for sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected men who have sex with men attending two different HIV services
Authors: Teague Richard , Mijch Anne , Fairley Christopher K , Sidat Mohsin , Watson Kerrie , Boyd Kerri , Chen Marcus Y 
Published: March 2008

Summary This study compares the testing rates of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) attending two HIV clinics in Melbourne. Data on STI testing over a 12-month period were obtained for all HIV-positive MSM who attended the clinics between January and March 2006. Screening rates for bacterial STIs were significantly higher at a sexual health clinic (n = 254) compared with an infectious diseases clinic (n = 351), whether this was measured according to: at least one STI test being performed for chlamydia, gonorrhoea or syphilis (69% vs. 38%, P < 0.01); serological testing for syphilis alone (67% vs. 34%, P < 0.01); or ‘complete’ STI screening for pharyngeal gonorrhoea, urethral chlamydia, anal gonorrhoea, anal chlamydia and syphilis (41% vs. 6%, P < 0.01). Substantial differences in STI testing rates among HIV-positive MSM may exist between HIV clinical services depending on the measures in place that promote STI screening.
Low seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among pregnant women in Senegal
Authors: Diawara Silman , Kane Coumba Toure , Legoff JÉRÔMe , Gaye Astou Gueye , Mboup Souleymane , BÉLec Laurent 
Published: March 2008

Summary Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is considered as a major co-factor of both sexual transmission and acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The HIV epidemic in Senegal is characterized by a remarkable and stable low prevalence. Whether HSV-2 may also constitute a possible co-factor favouring the spreading of HIV epidemic in Senegal is yet unknown. This prompted us to evaluate the HSV-2 seroprevalence in the sentinel population of pregnant women in Senegal. Two hundred and sixty pregnant women attending Roi Baudouin maternity in the capital city Dakar (n = 135) and the antenatal clinic in Kaolack (n = 125), the third city of Senegal, were prospectively recruited between March and August 2003. Fifty-six women (22%) were positive for HSV-2 serology. The prevalence of HSV-2 seropositivity was higher in women living in Dakar (26%) than in those living in Kaolack (16%) (P < 0.01). Only two women from Dakar and two other from Kaolack were found to be HIV-1-infected. Our observations suggest a seemingly low seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection in adult women Senegal, comparable with those usually reported in Western countries. Further, epidemiological surveys are needed to confirm these results in the general population.
The demographical and clinical features of patients reattending a genitourinary medicine clinic and the role of counselling on subsequent incidence of sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Manavi K , Bolton N 
Published: March 2008

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of reinfection with sexually transmitted infection (STI) and its possible predicting factors among patients reattending a department of genitourinary (GU) medicine. The method included a retrospective study on consecutive patients re-screened for STI in a busy department of GU medicine between January 1996 and April 2005. Cox regression model was used to investigate the association of age, gender, sex group, previous STI, counselling for an STI on the last attendance, number of sexual partners in the previous attendance episode, condom use and the number for partners with whom they had unprotected sex, with STI at current screening. The results show that 302 consecutive patients with more than two attendance episodes were included in the study. Patients were mostly women (92%), younger than 35 years (80%) and heterosexual (98%). At baseline, 70 (23%) patients had STI. The incidence density of STI at the end of follow-up period was 15.69/100 person-years. Testing positive for an STI was associated with age younger than 25 years (hazard ratio 2.70 [95% confidence interval 1.70–4.57]; P = 0.000). In conclusion, our study confirmed the improvement in access to GU medicine services, encouragement of patients with an STI for re-screening on regular basis and use of novel STI counselling strategies, especially for younger patients may reduce the incidence of subsequent STI.
Variation in the dynamic stiffness index of different types of medical elastic compression stockings
Authors: van der Wegen-Franken C P M , Mulder P , Tank B , Neumann H A M 
Published: March 2008

Objectives To calculate the dynamic stiffness index (DSI) of 18 different brands of medical elastic compression stockings (MECS). Methods In all, 18 different brands of MECS that were divided into five categories (class II round-knitted, class II flat-knitted, class III round-knitted, class III flat-knitted and class IV flat-knitted MECS) were tested. The static pressure and dynamic pressure pulsations at the B1 level were measured with a newly developed dynamic pressure-determining device. The DSI was calculated. Results The DSI of all 18 brands of MECS showed higher values compared with the static stiffness. A wide range of dynamic stiffness indices was observed not only between all brands of MECS, but also within the five categories. Conclusions The DSI of MECS is independent of the compression class and the type of knit. The variation in the DSIs between MECS is not because of any measurement error and would indicate that different therapeutic effectiveness may be expected within one compression class. Therefore, a refinement in the current classification system for MECS with other characteristics such as the DSI is warranted.
Anatomy of the lateral retinaculum of the knee
Authors: Merican A. M. , Amis A. A. 
Published: March 2008

Anatomical descriptions of the lateral retinaculum have been published, but the attachments, name or even existence of its tissue bands and layers are ill-defined. We have examined 35 specimens of the knee. The deep fascia is the most superficial layer and the joint capsule is the deepest. The intermediate layer is the most substantial and consists of derivatives of the iliotibial band and the quadriceps aponeurosis. The longitudinal fibres of the iliotibial band merge with those of the quadriceps aponeurosis adjacent to the patella. These longitudinal fibres are reinforced by superficial arciform fibres and on the deep aspect by transverse fibres of the iliotibial band. The latter are dense and provide attachment of the iliotibial band to the patella and the tendon of vastus lateralis obliquus. Our study identifies two important new findings which are a constant connection of the deep fascia to the quadriceps tendon superior and lateral to the patella, and, a connection of the deeper transverse fibres to the tendon of vastus lateralis obliquus.
The development and validation of a patient-reported questionnaire to assess outcomes of elbow surgery
Authors: Dawson J. , Doll H. , Boller I. , Fitzpatrick R. , Little C. , Rees J. , Jenkinson C. , Carr A. J. 
Published: March 2008

We developed a questionnaire to assess patient-reported outcome after surgery of the elbow from interviews with patients. Initially, 17 possible items with five response options were included. A prospective study of 104 patients (107 elbow operations) was carried out to analyse the underlying factor structure, dimensionality, internal and test-retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness of the questionnaire items. This was compared with the Mayo Elbow performance score clinical scale, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, and the Short-Form (SF-36) General Health Survey. In total, five questions were considered inappropriate, which resulted in the final 12-item questionnaire, which has been referred to as the Oxford elbow score. This comprises three unidimensional domains, ‘elbow function’, ‘pain’ and ‘social-psychological’; with each domain comprising four items with good measurement properties. This new 12-item Oxford elbow score is a valid measure of the outcome of surgery of the elbow.
Chromium, cobalt and titanium metallosis involving a Nottingham shoulder replacement
Authors: Khan W. S. , Agarwal M. , Malik A. A. , Cox A. G. , Denton J. , Holt E. M. 
Published: March 2008

Metallosis after shoulder replacement has not previously been described in the literature. We report a patient who developed extensive metallosis after implantation of an uncemented Nottingham shoulder replacement. He underwent a revision procedure. Examination of the retrieved prosthesis showed that the titanium porous coating was separating from the humeral stem and becoming embedded in the ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene glenoid component, resulting in abrasive wear of the humeral component. There was metallosis despite exchange of the modular humeral head. Both components had to be exchanged to resolve the problem.
The Unispacer knee implant
Authors: Bailie A. G. , Lewis P. L. , Brumby S. A. , Roy S. , Paterson R. S. , Campbell D. G. 
Published: March 2008

The Unispacer knee system is a cobalt-chrome self-centring tibial hemiarthroplasty device for use in the treatment of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. The indications for use are similar to those for high tibial osteotomy, but insertion does not require bone cuts or component fixation, and does not compromise future knee replacement surgery. A prospective study of a consecutive series of 18 patients treated with the Unispacer between June 2003 and August 2004 was carried out to determine the early clinical results of this device. The mean age of the patients was 49 years (40 to 57). A total of eight patients (44%) required revision within two years. In two patients revision to a larger spacer was required, and in six conversion to either a unicompartmental or total knee replacement was needed. At the most recent review 12 patients (66.7%) had a Unispacer remaining in situ. The mean modified visual analogue score for these patients at a mean follow-up of 19 months (12 to 26) was 3.0 (0 to 11.5). The mean pain level was 30% that of the mean pre-operative level of 10. The early clinical results using this device have been disappointing. This study demonstrates that use of the Unispacer in isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis is associated with a high rate of revision surgery and provides unpredictable relief of pain.
A comparison of augmentation techniques for reconstruction of the extensor mechanism following proximal tibial replacement in an experimental animal model
Authors: Pendegrass C. J. , Sundar S. , Oddy M. J. , Cannon S. R. , Briggs T. , Blunn G. W. 
Published: March 2008

We used an in vivo model to assess the use of an autogenous cancellous bone block and marrow graft for augmenting tendon reattachment to metallic implants. We hypothesised that augmentation of the tendon-implant interface with a bone block would enable retention of the graft on the implant surface, enhance biological integration, and result in more consistent functional outcomes compared with previously reported morcellised graft augmentation techniques. A significant improvement in functional weight-bearing was observed between six and 12 weeks. The significant increase in ground reaction force through the operated limb between six and 12 weeks was greater than that reported previously with morcellised graft augmented reconstructions. Histological appearance and collagen fibre orientation with bone block augmentation more closely resembled that of an intact enthesis compared with the morcellised grafting technique. Bone block augmentation of tendon-implant interfaces results in more reliable functional and histological outcomes, with a return to pre-operative levels of weight-bearing by 24 weeks.
Transferring simulated arthroscopic skills to the operating theatre
Authors: Howells N. R. , Gill H. S. , Carr A. J. , Price A. J. , Rees J. L. 
Published: March 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of laboratory-based simulator training on the ability of surgical trainees to perform diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee. A total of 20 junior orthopaedic trainees were randomised to receive either a fixed protocol of arthroscopic simulator training on a bench-top knee simulator or no additional training. Motion analysis was used to assess performance objectively. Each trainee then received traditional instruction and demonstrations of diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee in theatre before performing the procedure under the supervision of a blinded consultant trainer. Their performance was assessed using a procedure-based assessment from the Orthopaedic Competence Assessment Project and a five-point global rating assessment scale. In theatre the simulator-trained group performed significantly better than the untrained group using the Orthopaedic Competence Assessment Project score (p = 0.0007) and assessment by the global rating scale (p = 0.0011), demonstrating the transfer of psychomotor skills from simulator training to arthroscopy in the operating theatre. This has implications for the planning of future training curricula.
Trends in Circulating Concentrations of Total Homocysteine among US Adolescents and Adults: Findings from the 1991–1994 and 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Authors: Pfeiffer Christine M , Osterloh John D , Kennedy-Stephenson Jocelyn , Picciano Mary Frances , Yetley Elizabeth A , Rader Jeanne I , Johnson Clifford L 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Background: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has monitored total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in a nationally-representative sample of the US population since 1991. Until recently, however, data could not be compared across survey periods because of changes in analytical methods and specimen matrices. Such an analysis of these data could supplement current knowledge regarding whether the US folic acid fortification program has modified national plasma tHcy concentrations.
Methods: We examined tHcy data in the prefortification NHANES III survey (phase II, 1991–1994) and in 3 postfortification survey periods (1999–2000, 2001–2002, and 2003–2004). We applied method adjustment equations to the survey data based on method comparison studies of separate samples. Persons with chronic kidney disease were excluded from the analyses.
Results: Mean plasma tHcy concentrations decreased by 8%, 9%, and 10% for adolescent, adult, and older men and by 6%, 3%, and 13% for women, respectively, from before to after fortification. Concentrations remained unchanged between the first and third postfortification survey periods. Prevalence estimates of increased plasma tHcy concentrations (&gt;13 μmol/L) for older men and women decreased from prefortification (32% and 20%, respectively) to postfortification (14% and 5%, respectively) but remained unchanged thereafter (16% and 14%, respectively [males] and 5% and 9%, respectively [females]).
Conclusions: After adjusting for method changes, we quantified a prefortification to postfortification decrease in circulating tHcy concentrations of about 10% in a national sample of the US population. This change is similar to effects seen in intervention trials with folic acid and in smaller observational studies.
Association between the UGT1A1 TA-Repeat Polymorphism and Bilirubin Concentration in Patients with Intermittent Claudication: Results from the CAVASIC Study
Authors: Rantner Barbara , Kollerits Barbara , Anderwald-Stadler Marietta , Klein-Weigel Peter , Gruber Ingrid , Gehringer Anke , Haak Markus , Schnapka-Köpf Mirjam , Fraedrich Gustav , Kronenberg Florian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Bilirubin has antioxidative and cytoprotective properties. Low plasma concentrations of bilirubin are reportedly associated with the development of coronary and cerebrovascular disease, and bilirubin concentrations are strongly correlated with the enzyme activity of the hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1). The activity of UGT1A1 is influenced by a TA-repeat polymorphism in the promoter of the UGT1A1 gene (UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1). In a case-control study, we investigated the association between the UGT1A1 polymorphism, bilirubin concentration, and intermittent claudication.Methods: We included 255 consecutive male patients presenting with intermittent claudication in the investigation and matched the patients by age and diabetes mellitus with 255 control individuals.Results: Plasma bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in patients than in controls [mean (SD), 12.5 (5.3) μmol/L vs 15.4 (7.9) μmol/L; P &lt; 0.001]. We found a clear association between the number of TA repeats and plasma bilirubin concentration. Considering the 6/6 TA-repeat genotype as the wild type, we observed a slight increase in bilirubin concentration individuals with the heterozygous 6/7 genotype and pronounced increases for those with the homozygous 7/7 genotype. This association occurred in both controls and patients; however, patients and controls were not significantly different with respect to UGT1A1 TA-repeat genotype frequencies.Conclusions: Our study of a well-phenotyped group of patients with intermittent claudication and control individuals revealed a clear association between low bilirubin concentrations and peripheral arterial disease but no association between the UGT1A1 polymorphism and the disease.
Regelung des lagerlosen Segmentmotors (Control Concept for the Bearingless Segment Motor)
Authors: Gruber Wolfgang , Amrhein Wolfgang , Grabner Herbert 
Published: March 2008

In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuartiges Aktorprinzip für magnetisch gelagerte Antriebe vorgestellt. Für diese neue Scheibenläuferkonstruktion wird nach der Modellbildung auch ein entsprechendes Regelschema in Form der Eingangs-/Zustandslinearisierung hergeleitet. Zur Realisierung des Konzeptes auf einem digitalen Signalprozessor wurden Entwicklungswerkzeuge für die Finite-Elemente-Simulation (Matmag) und die Programmierung des Prozessors (M2C) realisiert. Beide Tools basieren auf dem numerischen Algebraprogramm Matlab von Mathworks. Abschließend wird auf die beiden lagerlosen Segmentmotor-Prototypen mit ihren unterschiedlichen Betriebseigenschaften eingegangen.
This article introduces a new actuator principle for magnetically levitated drive systems. The resulting bearingless motor is a subtype of the bearingless slice motor. A proper modelling is done and a suitable control scheme is presented by the help of nonlinear feedback control. For easier implementation of the control concept on a digital signal processor development tools have been created. These tools help calculating finite element simulations (Matmag) and coding the processor (M2C). Both of these tools are based on the numerical algebra software Matlab developed by Mathworks. Finally two bearingless segment motor prototypes with different operation behaviour are presented.
Does Feeling Come First? How Poetry Can Help Readers Broaden Their Understanding of Metacognition
Authors: Eva‐Wood Amy L. 
Published: March 2008

Assuming that readers' emotional responses can enhance readers' metacognitive experiences and inform literary analysis, this study of 11th‐grade poetry readers features instruction that models both cognitive and affective reading processes. The author
Presents a case for more explicit attention to emotion in language arts classrooms
Provides a practical overview of the “think‐and‐feel‐aloud” instruction used in a poetry classroom
Describes the reading strategies students drew on to help them understand poems
Analyses of classroom discussions indicated that students used four strategies, which appeared to be driven primarily by sensory and emotional responses rather than cognitive processes alone. These included
Responding to key words and phrases
Visualizing and using the senses
Relating the text to personal experiences
Identifying with the poems' speakers
Based on the study's findings, the article provides justification for a more expansive definition of metacognition, which includes “thinking about feeling.”