bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability testing of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales 2018
Authors: Painter Jon , James Mick 
Published: March 2024

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject

The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) is a widely used clinical measure designed to rate and monitor the outcomes of service users accessing specialist mental healthcare.

Since its development (in 1996), numerous research studies have confirmed the HoNOS captures the aspects of care that it purports to (validity), and that clinicians' ratings are consistent both over time, and between different raters (reliability).

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

In 2018, the HoNOS was reviewed with updates made to some terminology and other revisions intended to remove ambiguity in the guidance for raters. However, although the new version (HoNOS 2018) was accompanied by a recommendation that its validity and reliability be re‐tested this was not undertaken.

To our knowledge, this is the first study to re‐assess the updated tool's reliability by measuring the level of agreement between different raters. Our findings confirm that there is an acceptable level of consistency between student mental health nurses that have been trained to use the (new) HoNOS 2018.

What are the implications for practice

The HoNOS is nationally mandated for use by all specialist mental healthcare providers in the UK.

Our findings provide some assurance that, with appropriate update training and monitoring of organisational‐level data sets, the original HoNOS glossary can safely be replaced with the HoNOS 2018 to ensure more contemporary routine outcome measurement can occur.

AbstractIntroductionThe Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) is a well‐established clinician rated outcome measure for use in mental health services. Following an international review, an updated version (HoNOS 2018) was published with a recommendation that its psychometric properties be re‐tested prior to widespread implementation. To date, only one such study has been published.AimsTo test the inter‐rater agreement levels for HoNOS 2018.MethodThird‐year student mental health nurses received training to complete the HoNOS 2018. Following this timetabled session, they were each invited to independently rate two, randomly selected, videos of (simulated) patient interviews. The resulting data were then analysed to calculate the tool's internal consistency and inter‐rater agreement levels.ResultsThe 55 participants provided 106 ratings from four vignettes. Cronbach's alphas and McDonalds omegas confirmed the revised tool's internal consistency was acceptable. Average measure intraclass correlation coefficients for the four patient vignettes indicated excellent reliability.Implications for practiceThis study provides initial assurance that the HoNOS 2018 is a reliable clinician rated outcome measure suitable for use in routine clinical practice by relatively inexperienced mental health practitioners with limited training.
What happens to rural hospitals during a ransomware attack? Evidence from Medicare data
Authors: Neprash Hannah T. , McGlave Claire C. , Rydberg Katie , Henning‐Smith Carrie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeHospitals are increasingly the target of cybersecurity threats, including ransomware attacks. Little is known about how ransomware attacks affect care at rural hospitals.MethodsWe used data on hospital ransomware attacks from the Tracking Healthcare Ransomware Events and Traits database, linked to American Hospital Association survey data and Medicare fee‐for‐service (FFS) claims data from 2016 to 2021. We measured Medicare FFS volume and revenue in the inpatient, outpatient, and emergency room setting—at the hospital‐week level. We then conducted a stacked event study analysis, comparing hospital volume and revenue at ransomware‐attacked and nonattacked hospitals before and after attacks.FindingsRansomware attacks severely disrupted hospital operations—with comparable effects observed at rural versus urban hospitals. During the first week of the attack, inpatient admissions volume fell by 14.7% at rural hospitals (P = .04) and 16.9% at urban hospitals (P = .01)—recovering to preattack levels within 2‐3 weeks. Outpatient visits fell by 35.3% at rural hospitals (P<.01) and 22.0% at urban hospitals (P = .03) during the first week. Emergency room visits fell by 10.0% at rural hospitals (P = .04) and 19.3% at urban hospitals (P = .01). Travel time and distance to the closest nonattacked hospital was 4‐7 times greater for rural ransomware‐attacked hospitals than for urban ransomware‐attacked hospitals.ConclusionsRansomware attacks disrupted hospital operations in rural and urban areas. Disruptions of similar magnitudes may be more detrimental in rural areas, given the greater distances patients must travel to receive care and the outsized impact that lost revenue may have on rural hospital finances.
Plasmodesmata and intercellular molecular traffic control
Authors: Tee Estee E. , Faulkner Christine 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPlasmodesmata are plasma membrane‐lined connections that join plant cells to their neighbours, establishing an intercellular cytoplasmic continuum through which molecules can travel between cells, tissues, and organs. As plasmodesmata connect almost all cells in plants, their molecular traffic carries information and resources across a range of scales, but dynamic control of plasmodesmal aperture can change the possible domains of molecular exchange under different conditions. Plasmodesmal aperture is controlled by specialised signalling cascades accommodated in spatially discrete membrane and cell wall domains. Thus, the composition of plasmodesmata defines their capacity for molecular trafficking. Further, their shape and density can likewise define trafficking capacity, with the cell walls between different cell types hosting different numbers and forms of plasmodesmata to drive molecular flux in physiologically important directions. The molecular traffic that travels through plasmodesmata ranges from small metabolites through to proteins, and possibly even larger mRNAs. Smaller molecules are transmitted between cells via passive mechanisms but how larger molecules are efficiently trafficked through plasmodesmata remains a key question in plasmodesmal biology. How plasmodesmata are formed, the shape they take, what they are made of, and what passes through them regulate molecular traffic through plants, underpinning a wide range of plant physiology.
Complex control of seed germination timing by ERF50 involves RGL2 antagonism and negative feedback regulation of DOG1
Authors: Carrera‐Castaño Gerardo , Mira Sara , Fañanás‐Pueyo Iris , Sánchez‐Montesino Rocío , Contreras Ángela , Weiste Christoph , Dröge‐Laser Wolfgang , Gómez Luis , Oñate‐Sánchez Luis 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Seed dormancy governs germination timing, with both evolutionary and applied consequences. Despite extensive studies on the hormonal and genetic control of these processes, molecular mechanisms directly linking dormancy and germination remain poorly understood.

By screening a collection of lines overexpressing Arabidopsis transcription factors, we identified ERF50 as a key gene to control dormancy and germination. To study its regulation, we measured seed‐related physiological parameters in loss‐of‐function mutants and carried out transactivation, protein interaction and ChIP‐PCR analyses.

We found direct ERF50‐mediated repression of DOG1 and activation of EXPA2 transcription, which results in enhanced seed germination. Although ERF50 expression is increased by DOG1 in dormant seeds, ERF50 germination‐promoting activity is blocked by RGL2.

The physiological, genetic and molecular evidence gathered here supports that ERF50 controls germination timing by regulating DOG1 levels to leverage its role as enhancer of seed germination, via RGL2 antagonism on EXPA2 expression. Our results highlight the central role of ERF50 as a feedback regulator to couple and fine‐tune seed dormancy and germination.
A major gene for chilling tolerance variation in Indica rice codes for a kinase OsCTK1 that phosphorylates multiple substrates under cold
Authors: Wu Jiawen , Liu Huimin , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yingdong , Li Dongling , Liu Shiyan , Lu Shan , Wei Lihui , Hua Jian , Zou Baohong 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Rice is susceptible to chilling stress. Identifying chilling tolerance genes and their mechanisms are key to improve rice performance. Here, we performed a genome‐wide association study to identify regulatory genes for chilling tolerance in rice.

One major gene for chilling tolerance variation in Indica rice was identified as a casein kinase gene OsCTK1. Its function and natural variation are investigated at the physiological and molecular level by its mutants and transgenic plants. Potential substrates of OsCTK1 were identified by phosphoproteomic analysis, protein–protein interaction assay, in vitro kinase assay, and mutant characterization.

OsCTK1 positively regulates rice chilling tolerance. Three of its putative substrates, acidic ribosomal protein OsP3B, cyclic nucleotide‐gated ion channel OsCNGC9, and dual‐specific mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase OsMKP1, are each involved in chilling tolerance. In addition, a natural OsCTK1 chilling‐tolerant (CT) variant exhibited a higher kinase activity and conferred greater chilling tolerance compared with a chilling‐sensitive (CS) variant. The CT variant is more prevalent in CT accessions and is distributed more frequently in higher latitude compared with the CS variant.

This study thus enables a better understanding of chilling tolerance mechanisms and provides gene variants for genetic improvement of chilling tolerance in rice.
National Identity in Qatar: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cochrane Logan , Amin Hira , Al‐kaabi Nouf 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Arabian Gulf region has witnessed tremendous social, political and economic change in recent decades. The State of Qatar's ambitious global visions mean that it is a significant player in both creating and riding these transformational waves. Yet with a minority citizen population of only ~12%, protecting the language, culture and values of the nation in the midst of rapid development and modernization presents unique challenges that most governments do not have to grapple with. This has led to strategic and legal stances and policies as well initiatives by governmental and non‐governmental organizations to maintain and develop national identity and Qatari culture. Through a systematic literature review, this paper synthesizes available evidence regarding national identity for Qatari citizens. It explores dominant themes that emerged in the literature related to identity in Qatar, namely: architecture, education and language policy, gender, media and social media, museums, politics and governance, and sports. Each are synthesized, from which we offer reflections on what is (not) known regarding national identity, identifying a number of areas in need of research related to better understanding the complexity and diversity within the citizen population.
Villages in the City – Urban Planning for Neighbourhood Love
Authors: Kourtit Karima , Nijkamp Peter , Turk Umut , Wahlström Mia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe city comprises of a wide variety of heterogeneous territorial units (e.g. districts or neighbourhoods). In many – especially larger – cities, social capital assets (like community bonds) are mirrored at the level of neighbourhoods which form the home for many sociocultural communities or distinct socio‐economic classes. We postulate in this study that the big city is essentially an ‘archipelago’ made up of ‘urban villages’. We analyse the residents' perceived attractiveness regarding their daily local neighbourhood by introducing the concept of ‘village love’ (or ‘neighbourhood love’), inspired by the recent literature on ‘city love’ (comprising ‘body’, ‘soul’ and ‘community’ constituents of urban life). Based on an extensive and detailed multi‐annual database for all neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the present paper seeks to identify the background factors shaping ‘village love’ in the city, with particular attention to the citizens' subjective appreciation for and access to a great variety of (physical and immaterial) urban amenities shaping the place‐based satisfaction of residents. The theoretical framing of our research resembles the basics of traditional central place theory here transmitted to the urban space in which local proximity to amenities plays a key role. A wide array of relevant amenities impacting on the place‐specific well‐being feelings (‘village love’) of residents in various neighbourhoods in the city of Rotterdam is distinguished using inter alia‐rich multi‐annual survey data. This approach is empirically tested and verified by means of LISA statistics and advanced spatial econometric dependence models (‘urbanometrics’). The findings confirm the usefulness of a central place interpretation of ‘urban village love’ in the city.
Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of the lateral digital palmar artery in pregnant mares
Authors: de Chiara Mariaelena , Montano Chiara , Costanza Dario , Coluccia Pierpaolo , Auletta Luigi , Greco Adelaide , Pasolini Maria Pia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCardiovascular changes have been reported in late pregnancy in mares. However, there are no data on changes in peripheral blood flow. Doppler ultrasound represents a sensitive method for assessing the blood flow directed to the hoof. The aims of this study were to evaluate the blood flow parameters of the lateral palmar digital artery (LPDA) in pregnant mares and to assess intra‐ and interrater agreement between two observers with different levels of experience. The LPDAs of pregnant Italian Standardbred mares were examined. The vessels were located with B‐mode ultrasound and analyzed with color and pulsed wave Doppler. The following parameters were recorded by the operators: heart rate (HR), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI). Measurements were performed between 2 and 3 months of gestation (T1), in the last month of pregnancy (T2) and a week after delivery (T3). Seventeen mares aged 3–18 years met the inclusion criteria. Ultrasound examinations of the LPDA were subjectively easy to perform and well tolerated by the mares. Interrater and intrarater agreement were good and moderate, respectively. The HR was higher at T2 than at T1 and T3. The PSV and RI changed significantly during pregnancy, with higher values at T2 and T3, whereas the EDV remained unchanged throughout the examination. Doppler examination showed that peripheral flow changes were present in mares in late pregnancy. However, the persistence of higher values after delivery invites further investigation to assess the correlation between metabolic/endocrine changes related to pregnancy and Doppler parameters.
Fungible, Multiyear Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Demonstrated via the Cobalt Oxide Cycle
Authors: Bassett Katherine , Silcox Rachel , Will Jeffrey D. , Hill Sarah , Smith Paul , Smith Ben , Schmit Brian , Venstrom Luke J. , Krenzke Peter T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a proof of concept demonstration of solar thermochemical energy storage on a multiple year time scale. The storage is fungible and can take the form of process heat or hydrogen. We designed and fabricated a 4-kW solar rotary drum reactor to carry out the solar-driven charging step of solar thermochemical storage via metal oxide reduction–oxidation cycles. During the summer of 2019, the solar reactor was operated in the Valparaiso University solar furnace to effect the reduction of submillimeter cobalt oxide particles in air at approximately 1000∘C. A particle collection system cooled the reduced particles rapidly enough to maintain conversions of 84–94% for feed rates of 2.9−60.8gmin−1. The solar-to-chemical storage efficiency, defined as the enthalpy of the reduction reaction at 1000∘C divided by the solar energy input, reached 20%. Samples of the reduced cobalt oxide particles were stored in vials in air at room temperature for more than 3 years. The stored solar energy was released by reoxidizing samples in air in a benchtop reactor and by electrochemically reoxidizing samples to produce H2. Measurements of the oxygen uptake by the reduced metal oxide confirm its promise as a medium to store and dispatch solar energy over long durations. Linear sweep voltammetry and bulk electrolysis demonstrate the promise of H2 production at 0.55 V relative to the normal hydrogen electrode, 0.68 V below the 1.23 V potential required for conventional electrolysis.
Topology Optimization of a Compliant Constant-Force End Effector for Robotic Operations Over Uneven Surfaces
Authors: Liu Chih-Hsing , Ho Yuan-Ping , Chi Jui-Chih 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A compliant constant-force mechanism (CCFM) is a specific type of compliant mechanism that serves as a passive force regulation device. When subjected to a load, it undergoes deformation, resulting in an almost consistent output force regardless of changes in input displacement. Traditional methods used to design CCFMs typically rely on either stiffness combination or parametric optimization based on existing design configurations. To enable the direct synthesis of CCFMs according to desired boundary conditions, this study proposes a systematic topology optimization method. This method includes a new morphology-based scheme designed to ensure the connectivity of the topological results, thereby achieving this objective. Using this approach, a CCFM suitable for end effector applications is designed and manufactured through 3D printing. Four of these CCFMs are then utilized to create an innovative compliant constant-force end effector for robotic operations on uneven surfaces. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented design achieves output force modulation through elastic deformation, eliminating the need for additional sensors and controllers to regulate the output force. The presented design can be mounted on a robotic arm to provide overload protection and maintain a consistent force output during operation when encountering irregular and uneven surfaces.
Isolation of a recombinant simian adenovirus encoding the human adenovirus G52 hexon suggests a simian origin for human adenovirus G52
Authors: Pinski Amanda N. , Gan Tianyu , Lin Shih-Ching , Droit Lindsay , Diamond Michael , Barouch Dan H. , Wang David 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are causative agents of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. These double-stranded DNA viruses are phylogenetically classified into seven different species (A–G). HAdV-G52, originally isolated in 2008 from a patient presenting with gastroenteritis, is the sole human-derived member of species G. Phylogenetic analysis previously suggested that HAdV-G52 may have a simian origin, indicating a potential zoonotic spillover into humans. However, evidence of HAdV-G52 in either human or simian populations has not been reported since. Here, we describe the isolation and
in vitro
characterization of rhesus (rh)AdV-69, a novel simian AdV with clear evidence of recombination with HAdV-G52, from the stool of a rhesus macaque. Specifically, the rhAdV-69 hexon capsid protein is 100% identical to that of HAdV-G52, whereas the remainder of the genome is most similar to rhAdV-55, sharing 95.36% nucleic acid identity. A second recombination event with an unknown adenovirus (AdV) is evident at the short fiber gene. From the same sample, we also isolated a second, highly related recombinant AdV (rhAdV-68) that harbors a distinct hexon gene but nearly identical backbone compared to rhAdV-69.
In vitro
, rhAdV-68 and rhAdV-69 demonstrate comparable growth kinetics and tropisms in human cell lines, nonhuman cell lines, and human enteroids. Furthermore, we show that coinfection of highly related AdVs is not unique to this sample since we also isolated coinfecting rhAdVs from two additional rhesus macaque stool samples. Our data collectively contribute to elucidating the origins of HAdV-G52 and provide insights into the frequency of coinfections and subsequent recombination in AdV evolution.

IMPORTANCE
Understanding the host origins of adenoviruses (AdVs) is critical for public health as transmission of viruses from animals to humans can lead to emergent viruses. Recombination between animal and human AdVs can also produce emergent viruses. HAdV-G52 is the only human-derived member of the HAdV G species. It has been suggested that HAdV-G52 has a simian origin. Here, we isolated from a rhesus macaque, a novel rhAdV, rhAdV-69, that encodes a hexon protein that is 100% identical to that of HAdV-G52. This observation suggests that HAdV-G52 may indeed have a simian origin. We also isolated a highly related rhAdV, differing only in the hexon gene, from the same rhesus macaque stool sample as rhAdV-69, illustrating the potential for co-infection of closely related AdVs and recombination at the hexon gene. Furthermore, our study highlights the critical role of whole-genome sequencing in understanding AdV evolution and monitoring the emergence of pathogenic AdVs.
Type 1 fimbriae-mediated collective protection against type 6 secretion system attacks
Authors: Dessartine Margot Marie , Kosta Artemis , Doan Thierry , Cascales Éric , Côté Jean-Philippe 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial competition may rely on secretion systems such as the type 6 secretion system (T6SS), which punctures and releases toxic molecules into neighboring cells. To subsist, bacterial targets must counteract the threats posed by T6SS-positive competitors. In this study, we used a comprehensive genome-wide high-throughput screening approach to investigate the dynamics of interbacterial competition. Our primary goal was to identify deletion mutants within the well-characterized
E. coli
K-12 single-gene deletion library, the Keio collection, that demonstrated resistance to T6SS-mediated killing by the enteropathogenic bacterium
Cronobacter malonaticus
. We identified 49 potential mutants conferring resistance to T6SS and focused our interest on a deletion mutant (∆
fimE
) exhibiting enhanced expression of type 1 fimbriae. We demonstrated that the presence of type 1 fimbriae leads to the formation of microcolonies and thus protects against T6SS-mediated assaults. Collectively, our study demonstrated that adhesive structures such as type 1 fimbriae confer collective protective behavior against T6SS attacks.

IMPORTANCE

Type 6 secretion systems (T6SS) are molecular weapons employed by gram-negative bacteria to eliminate neighboring microbes. T6SS plays a pivotal role as a virulence factor, enabling pathogenic gram-negative bacteria to compete with the established communities to colonize hosts and induce infections. Gaining a deeper understanding of bacterial interactions will allow the development of strategies to control the action of systems such as the T6SS that can manipulate bacterial communities. In this context, we demonstrate that bacteria targeted by T6SS attacks from the enteric pathogen
Cronobacter malonaticus
, which poses a significant threat to infants, can develop a collective protective mechanism centered on the production of type I fimbriae. These adhesive structures promote the aggregation of bacterial preys and the formation of microcolonies, which protect the cells from T6SS attacks.