bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative estimation of sucrose esters of plamitic acid
Authors: WEiss T. J. , Brown Mona , Zeringue H. J. , Feuge R. O. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThin layer chromatography was adapted for direct quantitative estimation of sucrose esters of palmitic acid. Urea‐phosphoric acid spray was used to detect the sucrose moiety of the various esters. The photometrically metermined density density of each spot on the thin layer plate was found to be proportional to its sucrose content. Ester content was then obtained by multiplying sucrose found by the factor, mol. wt. ester/mol. wt. sucrose. Ester mixtures were prepared by interesterifying sucrose with various proportions of methyl palmitate in dimethylformamide solution. Positional isomers were observed at each level of substitution but could not be adequately separated from each other for quantitative evaluation.
Changes in carotenoid and oil content during maturation of peanut seeds
Authors: Pattee H. E. , Purcell A. E. , Johns Elizabeth B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTo understand the changes in the color of peanut oil during maturation of the seeds, measurements were made of carotenoid and oil contents per kernel and carotenoid concentration of extracted peanut oil between the 4th and 12th weeks from pegging. Initially carotenoid concentration in the oil declined rapidly followed by a 50% decline between the 6th and 12th week. Changes in the carotenoid content and oil content of the peanut kernel indicated that the decrease in carotenoid concentration was due to a dilution produced by the rapid increase in oil content. Evidence is presented to indicate that the carotenoids are in areas separated from the oil containing spherosomes of the peanut kernel.
Quantitative separation of diazelaoglycerides from insoluble azelaoglycerides and its applications in glyceride structure studies
Authors: Kartha A. R. S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDiazelains can be quantitatively removed from mixtures of di‐ and monoazelains by treatment in diethyl ether with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate under specified conditions. The total monoazelains produced by oxidation of GS3nil fats of C16‐C18 acid type can be isolated quantitatively for further examination by applying this procedure to the insoluble azelaoglycerides. Similar treatment of the insoluble azelaoglycerides from GS3 positive fats will give a mixture of GS3 and GS2A in the bicarbonate insoluble fraction. The GS3 can be accurately estimated from the analysis of the latter by already available procedures.
Chemical inactivation of cyclopropenoid fatty acids in cottonseed meals and their physiological evaluation
Authors: Reilich H. G. , O'neill H. J. , Levi R. S. , Proctor J. , Pons W. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemical inactivation of cyclopropenoid fatty acids in commercial cottonseed meals was explored with three classes of compounds: anhydrous gases, organic acids and sulfhydryl compounds. Of the reagents screened, sulfur dioxide reduced the cyclopropenoid content by over 90% while free cottonseed fatty acids and thioglycollic acid reduced the cyclopropenoid fatty acid content by over 30%. Large batches of the above three selected meals, as well as a control commercial screw‐pressed meal, were then incorporated at 20 wt % levels in the rations of laying hens. A negative control containing 25% soybean meal and a positive control containing a 2% refined cottonseed oil of known CPA content were also employed. During a four‐week feeding period, eggs were collected during the third and fourth week and stored at 35 F for periods of 3 and 6 months. Overall egg quality and the fatty acid distribution of the yolk lipids were determined after the 3 and 6 months' storage periods.
A study on alkylation of phenol with isano oil
Authors: Ravve A. , Fitko C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPhenol was alkylated with isano oil under both acidic and basic conditions. The products were studied with infrared and NMR spectroscopy. Both olefinic and acetylenic bonds apparently participated in the alkylation reactions. The phenol added 1,2 across these bonds mainly at the aromatic nucleus and predominantly in the ortho position. No vinyl ethers could be detected when KOH was used as the catalyst.
An amperometric titration method for bleach evaluation
Authors: Sargent D. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn analytical method has been devised as a rapid screening procedure which predicts how effective an active chlorine containing compound will be as a bleaching agent. The method is based on an amperometric titration which indicates bleaching performance from both the increase in whiteness and fabric tendering standpoints. Excellent correlation was obtained between amperometrically determined data and practical bleaching data for several extensively used bleaching agents. In connection with this amperometric titration method, a polarographic method is also presented which provides good correlation between the polarographically determined data and practical bleaching data.
Rearrangement of epoxy fatty esters to keto fatty esters
Authors: Walens H. A. , Koob R. P. , Ault W. C. , Maerker G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe rearrangement of fatty epoxyesters to ketoesters was studied. The isomerization is carried out in nonaqueous media and is catalyzed by acids. Esters containing one epoxy group per fatty acid chain are isomerized to the corresponding ketones in 70舑90% yields using boron fluoride etherate catalyst in boiling dioxane. Conversion to ketonic products is measured either by chromatographic separation followed by IR analysis or by oximation. Principal byproducts are hydroxy derivatives. Fatty esters containing more than one epoxy group/fatty acid chain give low ketone yields.
Manufacturing and marketing of soy products for human consumption in mexico
Authors: Tello Felipe 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe following items are discussed: (A) the importance of distributing products that can be consumed directly or formulating fortified products for daily use without producing physical or flavor changes in the product; (B) ways of popularizing the acceptance of soy products through demonstration, promotion, and publicity; (C) commercial presentation of the product, cost, and keeping quality; and (D) distribution.
Use of soy proteins in bakery products
Authors: Hoover William J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA brief description of the products from soy used in the baking industry is given. The functional properties and the nutritional values are discussed. Emphasis is upon the production of high protein soy fortified yeast leavened breads, tortillas, unleavened breads, and chemically leavened products, such as cookies, cakes, and doughnuts. The nutritional significance and economics of such products also are explained.
Rapid quantitative determination of residual hexane in oils by direct gas chromatography
Authors: Dupuy H. P. , Fore S. P. , Rayner E. T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA simple, direct, gas chromatographic technique is described for the quantitative determination of residual hexane in extracted vegetable oils. The method if rapid and sensitive to one ppm hexane. The inlet liner of a gas chromatograph was packed with 1 1/2 in. glass wool, and 25 mg oil was added onto it. The sample was capped with a small plug of glass wool, and the liner was inserted in the heated inlet of the gas chromatograph. Residual hexane rapidly eluted onto the Poropak P column by heat, and carrier gas was resolved in 20 min by temperature programing between 70–180 C. The method appears useful for monitoring continuous solvent removal processes.
Modifying proteins for maximum utilization in the ruminant
Authors: Mc Gilliard A. Dare 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMuch of the early work on nitrogen metabolism in ruminants has clearly established that the rumen microflora have a considerable modifying effect on the utilization of dietary nitrogen. This modifying effect may be advantageous to the animal under certain conditions, i.e., when the diet contains mainly poor quality protein or a nonprotein nitrogenous material such as urea. On the other hand, this modifying effect may not be advantageous when high quality protein is fed. From a practical standpoint it appears that limiting the degradation of dietary protein in the rumen would be advantageous under most conditions. Chemical modification of good quality proteins or coating of proteins and individual amino acids to render them resistant to microbial attack, without greatly reducing their nutritive value in the small intestine, appears to offer the most promising approach.
Direct gas chromatographic analysis of volatiles from raw and roasted peanuts
Authors: Brown David F. , Dollear F. G. , Dupuy H. P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGround samples of raw and roasted peanuts were packed in glass liners and introduced into the heated injection port of a gas chromatograph where the volatiles were vaporized in situ. Chromatograms from ground peanuts are qualitatively similar to those from expressed oil samples. Fourteen compounds were tentatively identified.
Report of the AOCS Instrumental Techniques Committee, 1972–73
Authors: O'Connor R. T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe Committee met twice during the year at the 46th Fall Meeting of the Society in Ottawa, Canada, and at the 64th Spring Meeting in New Orleans, La. The Spectroscopy Subcommittee had planned to study, in collaborative investigation, 2 published methods, 1 designed to provide a rapid determination of isolatedtrans isomers without recourse to external standards and the other to increase the sensitivity of these determinations. However, these investigations have been delayed because of lack of interest and inability to establish task groups within various laboratories. The Atomic Absorption Subcommittee completed collaborative testing of a method originating at the Southern Regional Research Center for the direct determination of trace metals in fats and oils by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method will be submitted to the Uniform Methods Committee with recommendation for inclusion in theAOCS Book of Official and Tentative Methods. This Subcommittee has found that methods to provide increased sensitivity in determining small traces of metals by preconcentration by means of extraction procedures are not entirely satisfactory. Apparently this is because of inability to quantify the extraction preconcentration procedure. It will attempt to develop a more sensitive method, required for the analysis of refined oils, by the use of graphite furnace and carbon rods or carbon tube atomizers. Resignations of the chairman and 2 task group chairmen of the Gas Chromatography Subcommittee necessitated a reorganization of this Subcommittee, delaying plans to establish collaborative evaluation of methods for the determination of: (a) pesticides; (b) sterols; (c) resin acids in fats, oils, and other lipids; (d) the composition of turpentine by means of gas liquid chromatography; and (e) the composition of fatty acids by means of programed gas liquid chromatography. The NMR Spectroscopy Subcommittee conducted several collaborative tests to show that the instrumental method has advantages over the present dilatometric procedure in precision, scope, and time of analysis. The NMR procedure was found satisfactory with either wideline or pulsed‐source instrumentation but was dependent upon the method of tempering of the sample prior to analysis. A method specifying a precise tempering procedure in detail will be studied in additional collaborative tests. Satisfactory results will permit development of a specific procedure to be recommended as an offical method of the Society.
Studies of ester‐containing surfactants: Effect of position of ester group on surface tension
Authors: Hikota Takeshi , Meguro Kenjiro 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe properties in aqueous solution of the series of sodium sulfoalkyl alkanoates of general formula CnH2n+1COO(CH2)mSO3Na (where n=9,10, and 11; m=2,3, and 4) have been investigated by measurements of surface tension. According to the Gibbs absorption isotherm equation, the slope of the curves of the surface tension vs. logarithm concentration gives the amount of surfactant adsorbed. The surface tension of sodium 4‐sulfobutyl ester derivatives was lower than that of sodium 2‐sulfoethyl and 3‐sulfopropyl ester derivatives in the region below the critical micelle concentration. The areas occupied/molecule for sodium 2‐sulfoethyl and 3‐sulfopropyl ester derivatives were in the range 51–56 Å2, which agreed with the value 50 Å2 obtained for the sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, the values of the areas occupied/molecule for sodium 4‐sulfobutyl ester derivatives were 63–65 Å2, which was large compared with that of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The effect of the ester group in the sodium 4‐sulfobutyl ester derivatives on the orientation of the molecule at the air‐water interface is different from the effect of the ester group in the sodium 2‐sulfoethyl and 3‐sulfopropyl ester derivatives on the orientation of the molecule at the air‐water interface.
Laboratory pressure reaction apparatus
Authors: Smith Lloyd M. , Vasconcellos Andres 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA laboratory reactor which can be readily built at low cost is described. It provides convenient control of pressure, temperature, and agitation and permits removal of samples under pressure. The reactor has been used to study hydrogenation of 0.5–1.0 kg samples of edible oils at pressures up to 53 psi and temperatures up to 121 C. This equipment should be useful in studying a variety of other reactions of interest to oil chemists.
Dimer acid esters by simultaneous dehydration and polymerization of technical methyl ricinoleate
Authors: Silverstone G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFiltrol 13 may be used to dehydrate methyl ricinoleate with simultaneous dimerization and polymerization of the linoleate esters formed. Hydrolysis of the ester group is avoided by the use of xylene as an azeotroping solvent and the preferred method of reaction is the dropwise addition of the ester to a stirred suspension of catalyst in xylene. Products prepared by this technique had a dimer/polymer ratio of about 5 when the yield was 50%. The acid value of the polymer was 7 and of the recovered monomer 3‐4.
Net hydrogenation activity: A rational index
Authors: Dafler J. R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn a fixed regime of temperature, agitation, and hydrogen pressure, regression analysis yields a rational technique for indexing the activity of hydrogenation catalysts. Refractive index measurements as a function of time were analyzed to produce a family of rate constants. These, in turn, were analyzed via polynomial regression to yield a quantitative activity index.
Chemical aspects of chlorophyll breakdown products and their relevance to canola oil stability
Authors: Tautorus C. L. , Low N. H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe production of prooxidant compounds brought about through subjecting chlorophyll a or pheophytin a to laboratory‐scale processing in the presence of canola oil or tricapryloylglycerol was investigated. The addition of chlorophyll a (60 ppm) to canola oil prior to processing resulted in an oil of lowered stability. No large contribution to the produced instability by any one processing step was found when pheophytin a was added (60 ppm) to canola oil prior to processing. To isolate the effect of processing on the pigment, tricapryloylglycerol was used in the place of unsaturated canola oil as a carrier for pheophytin a (60 ppm). A control consisted of processed tricapryloylglycerol that had no added pheophytin prior to processing. The subsequent addition of pigment‐treated processed tricapryloylglycerol to linseed oil (1:1, w/w) caused a decrease in the stability of the latter, when compared with the control. No differences were observed between the prooxidant tricapryloylglycerol and the control tricapryloylglycerol by methods involving ultraviolet spectroscopy and thin‐layer or gas chromatography.
Influence of viscosity on wax settling and refining loss in rice bran oil
Authors: Gopala Krishna A. G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe role of viscosity on was settling and refining loss in rice bran oil (RBO) has been studied with model systems of refined peanut oil and RBO of different free fatty acids contents. Wax was the only constituent of RBO that significantly increased the viscosity (81.5%) of oil. Monoglycerides synergistically raised the viscosity of the oil (by 114.2%) and lowered the rate of wax settling. Although a reduction in the viscosity of the oil significantly decreased the refining loss, the minimum loss attained was still 20% more than the theoretically predicted value. This led us to conclude that some chemical constituents, such as monoglycerides, must be removed before dewaxing; thereafter, oryzanol and phospholipids have to be removed. One can get an oil free of wax, recover other by‐products and reduce processing losses.
Polymerizable monomers from castor oil: II. Syntheses of some divinyl monomers
Authors: Kulkarni N. G. , Krishnamurti N. , Chatterjee P. C. , Aggarwal J. S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTen divinyl monomers have been synthesized, based on commonly available products derived from castor oil, in 50–100 g lots of high purity. These were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and their purity was checked by chromatographic methods. Boiling points, refractive indices and iodine values of the products are reported. Thin layer chromatography of divinyl monomers based on decanedioic acid has also been studied.
Fatty acid contents of certain processed foods
Authors: Willard Constance , Englert R. D. , Richards L. M. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryFatty acid constituents of two cheeses, four cured meats, and two hydrogenated oils were determined; two sets of data were obtained for each sample. Unsaturated acids were determined spectrophotometrically in the total fatty acids prepared from each fat, and saturated and unsaturated components were determined chemically and spectrophotometrically on each fraction obtained from distilling the methyl esters prepared from the fats. Close agreement was obtained between the percentages of unsaturated components found in distilled and non‐distilled samples. Methyl esters of cheese fats were prepared without prior distillation of steam‐volatile acids; no separation of saturated and unsaturated components was made on any sample. Fatty acid components were also converted to percent of each fatty acid in each food.
Mycoflora, aflatoxins and free fatty acids in California cottonseed during 1967–1968
Authors: Ashworth L. J. , McMeans J. L. , Houston B. R. , Whitten M. E. , Brown C. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn central California, neither fungal infections nor aflatoxins are significant problems in cottonseed during the receiving and storage seasons. However, in southern California, the 1967 harvest contained a relatively high percentage of seed which were invaded before harvest by fungi, includingAspergillus flavus. Seed infection and concentrations of aflatoxins in seed increased significantly during the time between harvest and storage in southern California. For a short time during storage, seed infection byA. flavus increased because of the moisture the seed received late in the season; however, aflatoxin concentrations in seed did not increase in storage. The aflatoxin content of the seed removed from storage was a reflection of the relative amount of aflatoxins the seed contained when they were received for storage. In 1967, the conditions that existed in the large, densely packed seed pile did not favor accummulation of aflatoxins in seed, even thoughA. flavus was active.
Triglyceride composition of coconut oil
Authors: Bezard J. , Bugaut M. , Clement G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTriglycerides of coconut oil were fractionated by GLC into 13 groups based on their carbon numbers of 28 to 52. These groups represent 99.8% of the total glycerides of coconut oil. With the fatty acid composition of each group, it was possible to calculate the composition of 79 types of triglycerides. These types are defined by the nature of their constitutive fatty acids but the position of the acids on glycerol is unknown. Each group usually has only one major type of triglyceride. For example, group 36 has 52% of trilaurin. Also four types of triglycerides comprise 42.4% of the total glycerides and 24 types comprise 85%. The experimentally found distributions in each group are compared to the random distributions calculated from the fatty acid composition. For groups with carbon numbers 38 and 40, the experimental and random distributions were very similar but for most other groups, the distributions found were much different from the calculated random distributions.
Determination of residual solvent in oilseed meals and flours: III. Isopropanol
Authors: Fore S. P. , Rayner E. T. , Dupuy H. P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA relatively simple volatilization procedure is described for the determination of residual isopropanol in oilseed meals and flours. A 1 g sample is placed in a 100 ml serum bottle, 200 µl of distilled water containing 0.075 mg of ethanol is added and the bottle is sealed with a rubber stopper and heated at 110 C for 1 hr. A 2 ml aliquot of the headspace gas is analyzed by gas chromatography using the added ethanol as an internal standard. Values determined by this procedure for three cottonseed, two peanut and two fish meals or flours which had been processed with isopropanol, ranged from 10 to 12,000 ppm and were of the same order of magnitude as values determined by a modification of the Todd azeotropic distillation procedure. Advantages of the volatilization over the azeotropic distillation procedure are that less operator and gas chromatograph time are required per analysis.
Current aspects of soy protein fractionation and nomenclature
Authors: Brooks J. R. , Morr C. V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSignificant advances have been made recently in studying the basic physico‐chemical properties of the major soy storage proteins and their subunits using such techniques as differential solubility, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, immunoelectrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and dissociating gel electrophoresis. This paper reviews and discusses the principal findings from this work and summarizes the current status of the nomenclature of the major soy storage proteins, e.g., 11S glycinin, 7S β‐conglycinin and γ‐conglycinin and their subunits.
Increasing the stability of vegetable oil solutions with the aid of monoglycerides and a cosurfactant
Authors: Vesala Aino‐Maija , Rosenholm Jarl B. , Laiho Stiven 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe conditions for an enhanced mutual miscibility of water and Canola oil, with the aid of one or two surface active components, were investigated at 25 C. First, the ability of short chain alcohols to increase the mutual solubility was charted. Such systems frequently are denoted detergentless microemulsions. Second, normal microemulsion systems were formed by using surface active monoglycerides of foodstuff grade. Third, the synergism was monitored when both the surfactant and the cosurfactant (the alcohols) were mixed either with water or oil. Finally, the combined effect was determined when all four components were mixed together into a microemulsion system.It is shown that the extension of the ternary solution phase is dependent primarily on the surfactant used. Some improvement of the mutual solubility of water and oil, however, also was produced by the alcohols. The solubilization capacity of water in the quaternary systems is easily understood when the solution phase is compared with the microemulsion phases of the ternary systems included. Although no dramatic composition dependency was found, an enhanced solubility of water was observed for the oil rich microemulsions of roughly equal weight fractions of the surfactant components.