bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALDH1 & CD133 in invasive cervical carcinoma & their association with the outcome of chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Javed Shifa , Sood Swati , Rai Bhavana , Bhattacharyya Shalmoli , Bagga Rashmi , Srinivasan Radhika 
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:
Chemoradiation is the standard therapy for locally advanced invasive cervical cancer and response to treatment determines the outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) play a role in response to treatment and hence the aim of this study was to evaluate if their levels in pre-treatment biopsies by immunohistochemistry (IHC) could predict response to treatment and outcome.

Methods:
The study comprised 60 patients with FIGO Stage IIB/III invasive cervical carcinoma treated by chemoradiation. They were divided into two groups based on their clinical outcome: group 1, 30 patients who had no evidence of disease at 48 month follow up and group 2, 30 patients who had disease relapse within 6-12 months of treatment completion. IHC was performed for CSC markers (ALDH1, CD133, Nanog and Oct-4), EMT markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) and squamocolumnar junction (KRT7) markers and H-scores determined. Intergroup comparison was performed. The expression of these markers was also evaluated in histological sections of cervical pre-cancer (CIN1 and CIN3) in comparison to normal cervix.

Results:
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) showed high expression of ALDH1 and KRT7 as compared to normal cervical epithelium. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and CD133 were overexpressed in 70 and 24 per cent cervical carcinoma cases whereas E-cadherin showed reduced expression in invasive carcinoma as compared to normal controls. ALDH1 overexpression was significantly associated with disease relapse in invasive cervical carcinoma treated by chemoradiation (P<0.01).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Determination of ALDH1 levels in pre-treatment cervical biopsies of invasive cervical carcinoma may be useful for prediction of response to chemoradiation, with high levels predicting for a poor response.
Conceptualizing Spirituality in Occupational Therapy Practice: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vajaratkar Pooja Vivek , Dwivedi A. K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Spirituality is a key domain of occupational therapy practice, and for some individuals and communities, all occupations are viewed as spiritual. However, occupational therapists find conceptualizing spirituality and its meaning for both themselves and their patients challenging. The purpose of this concept analysis was to clarify the concept of spirituality and provide occupational therapists with guidance on how to integrate spirituality into practice.

Objectives:
This concept analysis was to clarify the concept of spirituality and how it has been articulated in studies.

Study Design:
A concept analysis approach, inspired by Walker and Avant, was used for a systematic review and selection of studies to be included.

Methods:
After selecting spirituality as a concept and having determined the aim of the analysis, the systematic selection of studies adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of seven articles was performed. Articles from 2005 to 2020 were considered as there was scarcity in this area of work; a long time frame was considered. The literature was found using research databases including CINAHL, Pub Med, OT Search, and SCOPUS.

Results:
Through the conceptual analysis of spirituality in occupational therapy, current concepts and themes of spirituality, occupational therapy assessments, and intervention in spirituality integration were identified. The empirical references highlight the application of addressing spiritual needs in occupational therapy practice. The key findings within each study were analyzed to identify the antecedents, defining attributes, and consequences of addressing spiritual needs in occupational therapy practice.

Conclusion:
The results led to a description of spirituality that could facilitate future research communication and common definition in occupational therapy practice.
A Clinical and Dermatoscopic Perspective of the Efficacy and Safety of Erbium: YAG Laser Ablation Versus 50% Trichloroacetic Acid for the Management of Xanthelasma Palpebrarum
Authors: Arora Aakanksha , Mohta Alpana , Mehta Rajesh Datt , Ghiya Bhikam Chand , Soni Prasoon , Jangir Vishnu Kumar , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Khokhar Rajesh , Mangava Vijay 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is a benign cosmetic condition. Although the role of CO2 laser is well described, there are only a few studies on Erbium: YAG in XP. Similarly, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is commonly used in XP. However, there are only a few studies comparing these modalities in the treatment of XP.

Aim:
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Erbium: YAG laser and 50% TCA in the treatment of XP with the role of dermoscope in the evaluation of lesions.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 20 subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: group A (TCA) and group B (laser). All patients were subcategorized into three grades viz. I (mild), II (moderate), and III (severe) using a self-devised scoring system.

Results:
About 25% and 70% of patients achieved complete clearance in groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.017). The rate of recurrence was 40% and 15% in groups A and B. Dyspigmentation and erythema were the most common side effects. Pretreatment dermoscopic evaluation of the lesion showed a network of brown streaks on a background of a yellowish structureless area and was used to assess the area and margins of the lesion where the adipose tissue was found during the procedure and serial assessment of the lesion.
Comparative evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and safety of black peel versus 25% trichloroacetic acid peel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a split face study
Authors: Puri Neerja , Kumar Sumir , Kaur Sameer , Brar B K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Peeling has withstood the test of time as a simple, minimally invasive method to renew the skin, despite the introduction of more advanced procedures like lasers.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients (or 60 sites) with age ranging from 15 to 45 years with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris were included in the study. Assessment at baseline was done by the global acne grading system score for including mild and moderate acne patients.

Results:
On grading the improvement according to the 5-point Global Assessment Scale (GAS), it was found that in area A (black peel), 6.7% of patients showed excellent improvement, 86.7% of patients showed good improvement, and 6.7% of patients showed fair improvement. In area B (25%TCA peel), 6.7% of patients showed excellent improvement, 80% of patients showed good improvement, and 13.3% of patients showed fair improvement.

Discussion:
None of the patients showed poor or worse outcomes in any of the areas. The difference between the groups was not significant (P = 0.688).

Conclusion:
There is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the comparison of black peel with other conventional peels in the treatment of acne vulgaris. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing black peel with TCA peel in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Full Thickness Macular Hole in Aesthetician Occurring Due to Accidental Self-exposure to Cosmetic Laser Machine Trying to Take Special Precautions Against COVID-19
Authors: Banker Alay S , Mahadevia Bansri M , Shah Harita , Banker Ahan A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A 25-year-old aesthetician was operating Q-switch pulse (SPECTRA) cosmetic laser machine of 1,064 nm wavelength, for the purpose of skin bleaching. The probe suddenly slipped over the plastic sheet that had been placed to avoid COVID-19 exposure after which she complained of sudden loss of vision. She was diagnosed as having vitreous hemorrhage in her right eye and was treated conservatively for one month. She then complained of central scotoma and was diagnosed to have developed a full-thickness macular hole, for which she was advised vitrectomy surgery. The purpose of this case report is to emphasize the importance of taking precautions during the COVID-19 era and while doing that making sure how to handle the machines so as not to inflict any accidental injury to the operating physician. Macular Holes following skin bleaching with Nd:YAG laser occurring in operating aesthetician is rare as compared to that occurring in the patients.
Intra-fractional dose rate effect in continuous and interrupted irradiation of the MCF-7 cell line: Possible radiobiological implications for breath-hold techniques in breast radiotherapy?
Authors: Mosleh-Shirazi Mohammad Amin , Kazempour Somayeh , Fardid Reza , Sharifzadeh Sedigheh , Karbasi Sareh 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of different dose rates (DRs) in continuous and interrupted irradiation on in-vitro survival of the MCF-7 cell line, towards finding possible radiobiological effects of breath-hold techniques in breast radiotherapy (RT), in which intra-fractional beam interruptions and delivery prolongation can occur.

Materials and Methods:
MCF-7 cells were irradiated continuously or with regular interruptions using 6 MV x-rays at different accelerator DRs (50-400 cGy/min) to deliver a 2 Gy dose. The interrupted irradiation was delivered in a 10 s on, 10 s off manner. Then, cell survival and viability were studied using colony and MTT assays, respectively.

Results:
Survival and viability with continuous and interrupted irradiation were similar (P > 0.5). A significant increase in survival at 50, 100, and 400 cGy/min compared to 200 and 300 cGy/min was observed, also a significant decreasing and then increasing trend from 50 to 200 cGy/min and 200 to 400 cGy/min, respectively (P < 0.04). Relative to 200 cGy/min, the survival fractions at 50, 100, 300, and 400 cGy/min were 1.24, 1.23, 1.05, and 1.20 times greater, respectively. Cell viability did not show significant differences between the DRs, despite following the same trend as cell survival.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that for continuous irradiation of in-vitro MCF-7 cells, with increasing DR within the 50-400 cGy/min range, sensitivity increases and then decreases (inverse effect), also that up to doubling of treatment time in breath-hold techniques does not affect in-vitro radiobiological efficacy with 200-400 cGy/min accelerator DRs. Further confirmatory studies are required.
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in the Extraction Socket Preservation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohanasatheesh S , Balaji Anitha , Subramaniam Deepa , Ganapathy Vishnu , Rajendran Karthikeyan P. , Farjana Nilofer 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Various studies have suggested use of socket grafting materials after dental extraction for socket preservation. However, there is no single material that has been accepted as standard for preserving the socket. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the evidence for the use of biphasic calcium phosphate for socket regeneration.

Materials and Methods:
The team conducted a systematic literature search in accordance with the protocol registered at PROSPERO. PubMed, OVID, and EMBASE databases were used in the search. The articles were then screened using RAYYAN open-source software for the synthesis of evidence.

Results:
Of the 240 articles found in the search, two studies could be included in the review.

Conclusion:
Biphasic calcium phosphate (60% hydroxyapatite, HA and 40% beta-tricalcium phosphate, β-TCP) has a significant effect in the socket preservation and quality of bone regeneration.
Whole-Slide Imaging (WSI) Versus Traditional Microscopy (TM) Through Evaluation of Parameters in Oral Histopathology: A Pilot Study
Authors: Islam Atikul , Banerjee Abhishek , Wati Sisca M. , Roy Bireswar , Chatterjee Kumarjyoti , Singhania Kumari N. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
histopathology plays a pivotal role in clinical diagnosis, research, and medical education. In recent years, whole slide imaging (wsi) has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional microscopy for pathological examination. This study aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of wsi and traditional microscopy(tm) in various aspects of histopathology practice.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, total of 30 cases comprising of oral premalignant and malignant cases which were diagnostically challenging was considered from the archives of the institute for validation. The slides were scanned with slide scanner and were evaluated by histopathologists. The comparative parameters which were noted were diagnostic discordances, number of fields observed to reach the diagnosis and time taken.

Results:
The mean time taken by the pathologists to reach the diagnosis was significantly less in whole slide imaging technique. The average number of fields observed was higher by using wsi that too in a lesser time compared to tm, the results were found to be statistically significant with p=0.001.however the diagnostic disparity were seen to be maximum for verrucous lesions both in wsi and tm.

Conclusion:
wsi has facilitated the specialty with rapid mode of diagnosis in a more efficient and error less manner. It has also aided in case banking as well as research possibilities. Hence with the advent of telepathology it is very much necessary to get trained with wsi as early as possible so that the professionals can render correct diagnosis.
Comparative Evaluation of the Apical Sealability of AH Plus and RealSeal SE Using 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite with 17% EDTA and 10% Citric Acid as Irrigants—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mohan Naveen , Arumugam Selvabalaji , Alaguselvaraj Joseph , Selvaraj Kandanraj , Chonat Anagha , Kumar K. Krishna 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Apical microleakage is considered to be a common reason for the clinical failure of endodontic therapy. Three dimensional sealing of the root canal is one of the main goals of endodontic treatment and is essential for preventing reinfection of the canal and for preserving the health of the periapical tissues, Recently Epoxy resin sealers have been used because of their reduced solubility apical seal and micro-retention to root dentine.

Aim and Objective:
This in vitro study was done to evaluate and compare the apical sealability of AH Plus and RealSeal SE using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid as irrigants. Materials and methods: 44 single-rooted premolars were selected and the teeth are randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) and 2 control groups (n=2). The extent of dye penetration, from the apical to the coronal part of the root canal, was assessed using a stereomicroscope at 10x magnification for all groups.One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to compare statistically significant differences among the groups, using SPSS software version 10.0.

Results:
Group IV (Citric acid + RealSeal SE) showed a statistically lower mean microleakage when compared to all other groups.

Conclusion:
From, the present study, it was concluded that, RealSeal SE sealer with 10% citric acid as irrigant (group IV) showed better apical sealability followed by RealSeal SE sealer with 17% EDTA as irrigant (group III), when compared to AH Plus groups which showed least sealability.
Effect of Early Orthodontic Treatment on Long-Term Stability of Class II Malocclusions
Authors: Sinha Abhishek , Subashree S , Avirachan Tara V. , Imran Md. , Chidambaram D. , Prasad S.M Vignesh 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Class II malocclusions are a common orthodontic problem, often requiring comprehensive treatment to achieve proper occlusion and facial harmony. Early orthodontic intervention in the mixed dentition phase has been advocated to address these issues.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 150 patients with class II malocclusions who underwent early orthodontic treatment between the ages of 7 and 10 years. The treatment included fixed or removable appliances, headgear, and functional appliances, depending on individual needs. Records of their initial malocclusion severity, treatment modalities, and long-term follow-up data (mean follow-up duration of 10 years) were collected and analyzed. Stability was assessed by evaluating overjet and overbite changes from post-treatment to the long-term follow-up.

Results:
The initial mean overjet and overbite values were 8.5 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively. Following early orthodontic intervention, these values were significantly reduced to 3.0 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). At the long-term follow-up, the mean overjet and overbite remained stable at 3.2 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively. Analysis revealed that 85% of patients maintained their corrected class II occlusion within clinically acceptable limits, while 15% experienced minor relapse requiring minimal additional treatment.

Conclusion:
Early orthodontic treatment in class II malocclusions can lead to significant improvements in overjet and overbite, and these corrections tend to remain stable over the long term.
To Restrain or Refrain: Determination of Parental Attitude towards the Child’s Experience with Protective Stabilization
Authors: Ramadevi R. P. , Kandaswamy Saravana Kumar , Hemamalini Rangarajan , Raj Santosh , Aravinth V. , Vijila K. V. , Yamunadevi Andamuthu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
To overcome disruptive behavior of children, pediatric dentists rely on various behavior management techniques. When dental therapy is pertinent and nonaversive techniques like tell-show-do, voice control, and positive reinforcement are ineffective; the role of advanced behavior guidance techniques like physical restraints and protective stabilization is of paramount importance.

Aim:
The study was carried out to elicit parents’ opinion and record their response to their children’s experience who underwent dental treatment with an extra assistant for protective stabilization.

Materials and Methods:
Response was elicited to a questionnaire from 50 parents of children lacking cooperative ability and were exposed to an extra assistant for protective stabilization during various dental procedures.

Results:
The dental assistant was most preferred as the extra assistant to provide active stabilization. An overwhelming 98% of the parents agreed to protective stabilization with an extra assistant as advantageous and a good 88% of the parents recommended its use for further appointments of their children.

Conclusion:
Majority of the parents approved protective stabilization with an extra assistant in future appointments of their children.
Cultural Competency Training of Medical Students among Trauma Patients: Training and Assessment Strategies
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Mendhe Harshal G , Tiwade Yugeshwari R , Mishra Vaishnavi H 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTIn the field of health care, cultural competency refers to the ability of healthcare professionals to acknowledge, respect, and accordingly respond to the varied needs, beliefs, values, and practices followed by persons and the communities they serve. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of cultural factors and trauma experience, and identify the strategies that can be employed to train and assess medical students in cultural competency pertaining to trauma patients. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines and a total of 21 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Cultural factors play a defining role in determining the experiences of trauma patients, and how these patients and family members perceive, cope, and recover from such traumatic events. To meet the diverse needs of the community, the medical curriculum has to be flexible and must include the component of cultural competency. Like any other domain, medical educators must plan for the assessment of cultural competencies while delivering trauma education, as it will provide insights into the readiness of the students to deliver culturally sensitive and effective care to trauma patients. In conclusion, the inclusion of cultural competency training within trauma care in the medical curriculum carries immense utility as it can help healthcare professionals to effectively communicate and respond to the varied needs of trauma patients, regardless of their cultural backgrounds. This calls for the adoption of a combination of teaching–learning methods and assessment methods by medical educators so that medical students can be empowered to deliver culturally sensitive medical care to trauma patients.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of E- Cadherin in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jain Amol , Gupta Aashi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cancers arising in the oral cavity are more commonly of squamous cell carcinomas. E-cadherin is a calcium-dependant transmembrane glycoprotein of the type-1 cadherin superfamily is an invasion/tumor suppressor gene, which plays a vital role in epithelial cell–cell adhesion. Epithelial E-cadherin expression loss increases tumor invasiveness and metastasis.

Aim:
To determine the expression of E-cadherin in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods:
Analysis of E-cadherin expression in 10 cases of normal mucosa, 15 cases of various grades of OED, 15 cases of OSCC.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were calculated using Chi-square test and analysis of variance test (ANOVA).

Results:
An intragroup comparison of staining intensity and staining location for OED showed a highly significant difference between mild and moderate grade (P < 0.001). A significant difference of staining intensity was noted among well and moderately differentiated grades, and well and poorly differentiated grades of OSCC. A comparison of staining location among well and poorly differentiated grades of OSCC was found to be significant.

Conclusion:
Expression loss is observed as the severity of the lesion progresses in both OSCC and OED. The increased loss of expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma poorer the prognosis.
A Study Comparing Centchroman and Evening Primrose Oil in the Treatment of Benign Breast Disease
Authors: Sinha Nirupam , Tajdar Yasir , Pankaj Deepak , Kumar Nitesh , Muni Sweta , Bhushan Vibhuti 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Females seeking medical attention at breast clinics commonly present with nonmalignant breast conditions, including nonspecific breast pain or distinct masses like fibroadenomas. Due to its variability, it may be difficult to quantify breast pain. The purpose of the research was to compare centchroman and evening primrose oil to identify a cost-effective, secure, and efficient treatment for benign breast disease.

Material and Methods:
In this prospective hospital-based observational study, 100 breast diseases with or without lumpiness for 1 year were included and divided into two groups with 50 cases each, Group-A (Centchroman) and Group-B (Evening primrose oil).

Results:
Centchroman exhibited a significantly greater treatment response for alleviating pain-free mastalgia compared to evening primrose oil. Additionally, centchroman showed an excellent response (P < .05). Among participants with mastalgia, centchroman significantly reduced the number of mastalgia patients with tender nodularity post-treatment (P = .035) than evening primrose oil. On the basis of fibroadenoma, partial and complete response was significantly seen in higher number of cases in the centchroman group (P = .007).

Conclusion:
Centchroman therapy demonstrates that the treatment for benign breast disease is safe, effective, and economical.