bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diversity of macrozoobenthos on Sialang Buah Beach, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Leidonald Rusdi , Gultom Cahya Filia , Fadhilah Amanatul , Muhtadi Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sialang Buah Beach is located in Teluk Mengkudu Subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province. The purpose of this research is to determine the biodiversity of macrozoobenthos and the relationship between macrozoobenthos diversity and environmental parameter conditions. This study was conducted in March 2024 with three station points on Sialang Buah Beach. The identification results of macrozoobenthos found 21 species from 18 families. The diversity index value (H’) at each station falls into the medium category. The Principal Component Analysis correlation shows that the diversity of macrozoobenthos is positively correlated with temperature and pH, whereas depth, salinity, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), brightness, total nitrogen, and phosphate are negatively correlated with macrozoobenthos diversity.
Implications of Income Value in the Community Forest Utilization Business Permit Area (IUPHKm) of the Cendana Forest Farmers Group, Enrekang Regency
Authors: Sabar Adrayanti , Hasdisyah  , Ridwan  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Forest management is the main focus in efforts to improve the welfare of local communities and a sustainable environment. The granting of Community Forest Utilization Business Permits (IUPHKm) is expected to have a positive impact on the forestry household and social income management. The study focused on changes in member group income before and after IUPHKm. The research data collection method uses a quantitative approach. The data collected includes data on the period before and after IUPHKm. The results of the study show that there is a difference in the amount of production and household income after IUPHKm, but it is still sourced from the management of forest farmer groups outside the community forestry area. This is due to the limited number of members of forest farmer groups in accessing community forestry locations, so that there is no addition of new types of businesses in community forestry areas after IUPHKm. Although the impact of economic benefits is still low, the social forestry program has an impact on increasing knowledge and new insights for the community through various trainings. The implication of this study is the joint need of relevant agencies and the government to continue to evaluate and adjust policies that can support the provision of IUPHKm as a strategy to maximize the improvement of community welfare and sustainable social forest management.
Identification of bee feed plants of Apis cerana and honey production in buffer zone of Martelu Purba Natural Reserve
Authors: Widyastuti Dwi Endah , Permatasari Marbun Yuni Ayu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Apis cerana honeybee is a part of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) cultivated by the community around the buffer zone of the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve. It is important for beekeepers to know the types of bee feed plants and a map of the distribution of bee feed sources which helps beekeepers around the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve area in managing bee colonies so as to increase honey production. This research was conducted to identify the diversity of honey bee (Apis cerana) feed plants in the buffer zone of the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve and to determine the yield of honey production in the buffer zone of the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve. The method used in this study is an exploratory survey method and interviews. The research was conducted in two supporting villages of the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve, namely Tiga Runggu Village and Purba Tongah Village. It was found that the research results for forestry plants had a species diversity value of 2.30 consisting of 20 plant species. Agricultural plants had the highest species diversity value of 3.13 consisting of 31 plant species. Ornamental/wild flower plants have the second largest species diversity value after agricultural crops, namely 2.73 consisting of 19 plant species. Harvesting honey in the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve area is carried out with a total harvest of 1 time/month with a harvest period of 2 months. The highest production yield was obtained in August 2023 where the total amount of honey production obtained was 8.7 liters.
Plantation of Meranti Bukit (Shorea platyclados) with NPK fertilizer treatment at Arboretum Kwala Bekala
Authors: Hartini Kansih Sri , Rangkuti Ahmad Baiquni , Prasetyo Bayu Nur , Sinaga Jefferey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Meranti Bukit (Shorea platyclados) is categorized as near threatened. It can be found in Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. S. platyclados grows in hilly and mountainous areas, so often called Meranti Bukit. This study aims to determine the appropriate dosage of NPK fertilizer to enhance the growth percentage of S. platyclados plantations. The research design used was a non-factorial Randomized Completely Block Design with Duncan Multi Range’s Test, a statistical method used to compare the means of treatments and determine if they are significantly different, as a further test. The doses of NPK fertilizer used were control (0 g), 50 g, 100 g, 150 g, and 200 g for each plant. S. platyclados allegedly experienced death after being given 200 g of NPK fertilizer; besides that, several things caused this plant to experience death, such as pests and diseases that attack, climatic factors, and edaphic factors at the research location. Based on the study’s results, it can be concluded that the use of NPK fertilizer with control doses (0 g) to 150 g still supports plant growth, marked by the percentage of survival, height growth, and positive diameter growth.
Tree height estimation using unmanned aerial vehicle-imagery in Kwala Bekala Arboretum of Universitas Sumatera Utara, Deli Serdang, Indonesia
Authors: Thoha Achmad Siddik , Nasibah Shofia Putri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Measuring tree height in diverse forests such as the Kwala Bekala Arboretum of the Universitas Sumatera Utara is not easy to do, requiring large costs and long time. With the various advantages of UAVs, tree height measurement is expected to be more efficient. This study aims to map the Kwala Bekala Arboretum area of Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and to compare tree height measurements in the field with measurements through UAV imagery. This study also analyzed the variability of tree height and the efficiency of using UAVs in measuring tree height. Data were collected through direct observation in the field using a hagameter. A total of 60 sample trees from 11 different species were measured using two different methods of hagameter and DSM, with a representative distribution of trees in Kwala Bekala Arboretum. UAV image processing used photogrammetric algorithms to generate orthomosaic and Digital Surface Model (DSM). The results of mapping using UAVs in the Kwala Bekala USU Arboretum produced a very high resolution orthomosaic of 3.23 cm/pix and DSM with elevations of 29-97 meters. This study found that there was no significant difference between the measurement of total tree height in the field using the hagameter tool and the measurement of total tree height through aerial photography using the Digital Surface Model (DSM). This shows that the height estimation from the UAV is not different from the field measurement. The use of UAVs proved to be efficient in measuring tree height, saving time and costs compared to conventional methods, and providing reliable data for forest management and monitoring.
The effect of BAP on the tissue culture of Melaleuca cajuputi
Authors: Misbahuljannah  , Mukrimin  , A’ida Nur , Larekeng Siti Halimah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Melaleuca cajuputi is a non-wood-producing tree that benefits both as a greening plant and as an M. cajuput oil-producing plant. Efforts to support the increase in the need for M. cajuputi begin by knowing the propagation techniques used. Propagation of M. cajuputi generatively and vegetatively by cuttings takes a relatively long time, so modern vegetative propagation is carried out, namely tissue culture. Multiplication is one of the stages of tissue culture with the primary goal of bud propagation. Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) greatly influence the success of multiplication in the media. Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) is a Growth Regulator that significantly influences bud formation. This study aims to obtain the right concentration of PGRs in the form of BAP to support the multiplication process of M. cajuputi. The research method starts from the sterilization stages of the instrument, making media, initiation of M. cajuputi seeds, multiplication, and observation. The data obtained were analyzed by Variance (ANOVA) and correlation tests using the SPSS program and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using Minitab Statistical Software. The findings showed that Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with PGRs added at BAP 1 ppm levels was the best medium for M. cajuputi to grow or multiply in a lab setting in order to form buds.
Spatial Model of Driving Factors Deforestation in Central Sulawesi (Case Study of Banggai Islands Regency, Tojo Una-Una Regency and Palu City), Indonesia
Authors: Rijal Syamsu , Syahraeni  , Barkey Roland , Nursaputra Munajat , Chairil A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Indonesia has islands, one of which is Sulawesi Island, which has biodiversity known as the Wallacea Region. Specially, Central Sulawesi Province has the largest forest on the island of Sulawesi but also has very high rates of deforestation. One of the most important pieces of information about deforestation events is the driving factors. The analysis of the drivers of deforestation begins with a spatial query operation which is then analyzed using the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method of deforestation events. The case study sites selected in Central Sulawesi Province were based on the level of vulnerability to deforestation in Central Sulawesi in the very vulnerable and not vulnerable categories. The selected representative profiles are three districts/cities consisting of very vulnerable levels Banggai Islands Regency and Palu City, and not vulnerable Tojo Una-Una Regency. The drivers of deforestation in the vulnerable and vulnerable profiles are influenced by population density factors. The next factor is the population density of productive age and the density of the working population. While the driving factor in the form of biophysical conditions did not have a significant effect. This explains that deforestation events greatly affected by the social conditions of the community. This information forms the basis for extensive forest and environmental management.
Induction callus of species Palapi (Heritiera javanica) in several combinations of concentrations of 2,4 Dichlorophenoaccetate and BAP
Authors: Iswanto  , A’ida Nur , Wahyuningsih  , Restu Muhammad , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Gusmiaty  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Palapi (Heritiera javanica) is a type of tree that produces wood with high use and economic value because it is included in durable class II-IV wood and strong class II. Providing superior seeds conventionally is considered ineffective because it takes a long time and is determined by the season, so modern vegetative propagation is carried out, namely tissue culture. Callus induction as a technical part of tissue culture has the advantage of separating callus cells which can be directed to develop into stomatic embryos, as well as a very high level of plant development. The research method starts from the stages of instrument sterilization, media creation, explant preparation, multiplication and observation. The data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SPSS program. The research results showed that Murashige and Skoog (MS) media in combination4 ppm 2,4-D and 0.75 ppm BAP are the most optimal treatments based on callus growth and weight. Treatment4 ppm 2,4-D in combination with 0.5, 0.75 and 1 ppm BAPis the most optimal treatment based on the percentage of live explants and callus texture. Meanwhile, the combination of MS with a concentration of 4 ppm 2,4-D and BAP 1 ppm is the best combination for callus color parameters, namely green.
The effect of organic Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) on the performance of Nitrification-Denitrification (ND) reactors on tofu industrial wastewater treatment
Authors: Fatimah  , Turmuzi Muhammad , Yanqoritha Nyimas , Arimbi Wijaya Aura Naza , Khairunnisa  , Sitorus Adolf Bastian , Pardosi Samuel , Tuah Ambarita Saylando Hot 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work aims to investigate how Nitrogen Organic Load Rate (NLR) affects nitrification-denitrification (ND) reactor performance when treating industrial wastewater containing tofu. This study uses bio-ball as a biofilter in the ND reactor, NLR variation to substrate concentration is carried out to determine the level of NH3-N removal efficiency in the nitrification-denitrification process so that nitrate production and nitrogen release are obtained optimally. The Effect of Nitrogen Organic Load Rate (NLR) on the Performance of Nitrification-Denitrification (ND) Reactors is determined by substrate equilibrium, which is the relationship between the rate of organic nitrogen entry and the capacity of microorganisms to process it, which is also greatly influenced by operational parameters, such as concentration, retention time and acidity degree. The rate of removal efficiency of NH3-N, nitrate in the ND biofilter reactor showed a significant increase in removal, at the NLR variation.
Bioinformatic of binding protein by PHYRE2 and SWISS-MODEL software from Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris
Authors: Aznawi Andi Aznan , Basyuni Mohammad , Hanafiah Diana Sofia , Mubaraq Alfian , Leopardas Venus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mangroves are constituent plants of tropical forest communities. zoning where mangroves grow affects the growth mechanism and adaptation to salinity conditions. Mangrove species that are able to adapt to low salinity are the family Sonneratiaceae. In open coastal areas there are Sonneratia alba species except Sonneratia caseolaris which grows in salinity less than 10%. Protein binding of both species was analysed using PHYRE2 and SWISS-MODEL software. There are 2 genes from S. alba, namely rpl19 and rpl20, while S. caseolaris rps4 and rps14. The results showed that the homology model of the rps4 gene was 199, so that from the results of the analysis of physical and chemical properties, rps4 was better at synthesising proteins. This study contributed to anticipate the stability of the protein associated with the gene.
Spin-decoupled amplitude and phase control by chiral metasurfaces for four-channel focusing
Authors: Liu Ying , Shi Weijie , Sun Wenjing , Zhang Shuyan , Dong Zhenggao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The spin-decoupled phase modulation by metasurfaces mainly depended on a combination of the propagation phase and the Pancharatnam–Berry phase, and there was few research on the phase modulation by a single approach. In this paper, we propose an amplitude-phase joint modulation method via L-shaped enantiomers of the two-dimensional (2D) chiral geometry feature by numerical simulations. By adjusting the top and bottom arm of the 2D L-shape meta-atom, independent modulations on both the spin-related amplitude and phase can be obtained. Consequently, as a proof-of-concept demonstration, the spin-selective focusing effect in both transmission and reflection channels are achieved by a typical L-enantiomer metalens. The proposed amplitude-phase joint modulation method, feasibly achieved by tailoring the enantiomer geometry of 2D chiral nano-structures, provides a new approach for the modulation of circularly polarized light and has potential applications in high-performance spin-photonic devices, including polarimetric imaging and chiral bioimaging.
Phase-field simulation study of dendritic growth in directional solidification of Fe-C alloy under varied initial solute concentrations
Authors: Zeng Hong-bo , Ai Xin-gang , Chen Ming , Guan Rui , Chen Qing-song , Hou Zhong-lin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a method to control the solidification process of metal to optimize the microstructure, directional solidification technology is a common and effective way to improve the axial mechanical properties of alloy. In this paper, the dendrite growth process during isothermal directional solidification is simulated by using Kim-Kim-Suzuki (KKS) phase field model (PF model). The effect of different initial solute concentrations on the microscopic morphology of isothermal directionally solidified dendrites under uniform distribution conditions is investigated. In addition, considering the non-uniform distribution of solutes in real environments, the evolution of directionally solidified dendrites under conditions of vertical, parallel, and localized solute distribution is explored. The results indicate that the lower the initial solute concentration, the denser the dendrites. There is a quantitative relationship between the stable growth rate of directionally solidified dendrites and the initial solute concentration: v = −113372.4c + 880. When dendrites move from a region of low initial solute concentration to a region of high concentration, they transition from dense to sparse. The difference in solute concentration vertical to the solidification direction causes the primary dendrite arms in the adjacent regions of parallel boundary line to tilt in their growth, and the degree of tilt increases with increasing differences in solute concentration. When the local solute concentration reaches 0.0075 mole, the growth of columnar dendrites is significantly hindered, leading to the occurrence of annihilation. As the solute concentration and the size of the local regions increase, the number of annihilated directionally solidified dendrites increases, and the development of secondary dendrites on the sidewalls of adjacent dendrites is enhanced. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced the closer the solute non-uniform regions are to the root positions of the dendrites.
Experimental analysis of drilling forces and edge defects in SiCp/Al composites using PCD drills
Authors: Yang Hailong , Yao Jun , Zhang Xiaofeng , Gao Renzhi , Du Baorui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
SiCp/Al composites are increasingly utilized in electronics, automobiles and other fields, where their drilling process significantly impacts their application and reliable performance. This study presented an experimental investigation into the thrust drilling forces and edge defects encountered when drilling SiCp/Al composites with PCD drills. The experimental findings demonstrated that the drilling velocity has a minimal impact on the thrust drilling forces, whereas the thrust drilling forces increase with higher feed rates. The edge defects are closely linked to variations in thrust drilling force. The entry edge defects are primarily caused by crack growth under compressive stress, including small macro fracture notches, SiC particles shedding and brittle fracture along with plastic bulge. The exit edge defects are mainly created by the debonding of SiC particles and matrix under tensile stress. Macroscopically, exit edge defects are annular along the edge of the hole. Microscopically, they include the fracture, shedding of SiC particles and the ductile fracture of the matrix.The effect of drilling velocity on the entry and exit edge defects is not significant, but both types of defects increase significantly with higher feed rate.
Non-iterative disentangled unitary coupled-cluster based on lie-algebraic structure
Authors: Haidar Mohammad , Adjoua Olivier , Badreddine Siwar , Peruzzo Alberto , Piquemal Jean-Philip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to their non-iterative nature, fixed unitary coupled cluster (UCC) ansätze are attractive for performing quantum chemistry variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) computations as they avoid pre-circuit measurements on a quantum computer. However, achieving chemical accuracy for strongly correlated systems with UCC requires further inclusion of higher-order fermionic excitations beyond triples increasing circuit depth. We introduce k-non-iterative disentangled unitary coupled cluster (NI-DUCC), a fixed and non-iterative disentangled UCC compact ansatz, based on specific ‘k’ sets of ‘qubit’ excitations, eliminating the needs for fermionic-type excitations. These elements scale linearly (

O

(
n
)

) by leveraging Lie algebraic structures, with n being the number of qubits. The key excitations are screened through specific selection criteria, including the enforcement of all symmetries, to ensure the construction of a robust set of generators. NI-DUCC employs ‘k’ products of the exponential of

O

(
n
)

- anti-Hermitian Pauli operators, where each single Pauli string has a length p. This results in a fewer two-qubit CNOT gates circuit scaling,

O

(
k
n
p
)

, suitable for hardware implementations. Tested on LiH, H6 and BeH2, NI-DUCC-VQE achieves both chemical accuracy and rapid convergence even for molecules deviating significantly from equilibrium. It is hardware-efficient, reaching the exact full configuration interaction energy solution at specific layers, while reducing significantly the VQE optimization steps. NI-DUCC-VQE effectively addresses the gradient measurement bottleneck of ADAPT-VQE-like iterative algorithms, yet the classical computational cost of constructing the

O

(
n
)

set of excitations increases exponentially with the number of qubits. We provide a first implementation for constructing the generators’ set, able to handle up to 20 qubits and discuss the efficiency perspectives.
Finding quantum codes via Riemannian optimization
Authors: Casanova Miguel , Ohki Kentaro , Ticozzi Francesco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We propose a novel optimization scheme designed to find optimally correctable subspace codes for a known quantum noise channel. To each candidate subspace code we first associate a universal recovery map, as if the code was perfectly correctable, and aim to maximize a performance functional that combines a modified channel fidelity with a tuneable regularization term that promotes simpler codes. With this choice optimization is performed only over the set of codes, and not over the set of recovery operators. The set of codes of fixed dimension is parametrized as a complex-valued Stiefel manifold: the resulting non-convex optimization problem is then solved by gradient-based local algorithms. When perfectly correctable codes cannot be found, a second optimization routine is run on the recovery Kraus map, also parametrized in a suitable Stiefel manifold via Stinespring representation. To test the approach, correctable codes are sought in different scenarios and compared to existing ones: three qubits subjected to bit-flip errors (single and correlated), four qubits undergoing local amplitude damping and five qubits subjected to local depolarizing channels. Approximate codes are found and tested for the previous examples as well pure non-Markovian dephasing noise acting on a

7

/

2

spin, induced by a

1

/

2

spin bath, and the noise of the first three qubits of IBM’s ibm_kyoto quantum computer. The fidelity results are competitive with existing iterative optimization algorithms, with respect to which we maintain a strong computational advantage, while obtaining simpler codes.