bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanotechnological Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis: Imaging and Quantification of Pericellular Proteolytic Activity
Authors: Ludwig Thomas 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionQuantification of Local Proteolytic Activity – an ObjectiveRegulation of Protease ActivitySecretionActivationInactivationEndogenous Protease InhibitorsGlycosylationOligomerizationProtein TraffickingMechanisms of Confining Proteolytic ActivityMembrane‐type Matrix MetalloproteinasesCell Surface Receptors for Protease BindingECMBinding of ProteasesCellular MicrodomainsThe Tumor–Host ConspiracyLocal Proteolytic Activity Regulates Complex Cellular FunctionsLocal Proteolytic Activity in Cancer Cell MigrationLocal Proteolytic Activity and Cell SignalingFunctional Insights from Matrix‐metalloprotease Deficient MiceEvaluation of Classical Methods for Quantification of Net Proteolytic ActivityFunctional Detection of Local Proteolytic Activity byIn SituZymographyTumor Cell Invasion AssaysElectrical Resistance Breakdown AssayIn vivoDetection of Proteolytic ActivityMultiphoton Microscopy and Second‐harmonic GenerationIn vitroDetection of Local Proteolytic Activity by Labeled SubstratesNovel Approaches to Local Proteolytic ActivityConclusions and PerspectivesAcknowledgments
Biosensing Using Carbon Nanotube Field‐effect Transistors
Authors: Kichambare Padmakar D. , Star Alexander 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areOverviewIntroductionCarbon Nanotube Field‐effect Transistors (NTFETs)Carbon NanotubesNanotube SynthesisFabrication ofNTFETsSensor Applications ofNTFETsSensitivity ofNTFETsto Chemical EnvironmentBioconjugates of Carbon NanotubesProtein DetectionDetection of Antibody–Antigen InteractionsDNADetectionEnzymatic ReactionsGlucose DetectionConclusion and Outlook
Nanotubes, Nanowires, and Nanocantilevers in Biosensor Development
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Guodong , Lin Yuehe 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Carbon Nanotubes in Biosensor Development

Preparation and Purification of
CNTs

Construction of
CNT
‐based Biosensors

Dispersion and Stabilization by Oxidative Acids

Dispersion by Surfactant Interaction

Polymer‐assisted Solubilization

CNT
Adsorption on the Transducer Substrate

Surface Functionalization of
CNTs

Composite Entrapment and
CNTs
Bulky Electrode Material

More Sophisticated Surface Tailoring Based on Combination of Co‐adsorption, Integration, Prohibition, Spacing, Linkage, Sandwich, Tagging, and other Anchoring Approaches

CNT
‐based Electrochemical Biosensors

Direct Electrochemistry of Biomolecules on Carbon Nanotubes

Enzyme/
CNTs
Biosensors

DNA
and Protein Biosensors

Immunosensors

Flow‐injection Analysis

Carbon Nanotube Array‐based Biosensors

Chemiluminescence

Field‐effect Transistor and Bioelectronics

Nanowires in Biosensor Development

Silicon Nanowire‐based Biosensors

Conducting Polymer Nanowire‐based Biosensors

Metal Oxide Nanowire‐based Biosensors

Nanocantilevers for Biosensors

Summary

Acknowledgments
Fullerene‐based Electrochemical Detection Methods for Biosensing
Authors: Chaniotakis Nikos 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionAims of the ChapterElectrochemical BiosensingMaking a BiosensorEvolution of BiosensorsMediation Process in BiosensorsCase A: Non‐mediated BiosensorCase B: Mediated BiosensorFullerenesSynthesis of FullerenesBiofunctionalization of FullerenesElectrochemistry of FullerenesFullerene‐mediated BiosensingConclusions
Quantum Dot‐based Nanobiohybrids for Fluorescent Detection of Molecular and Cellular Biological Targets
Authors: Bakalova Rumiana , Zhelev Zhivko , Ohba Hideki , Baba Yoshinobu 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Quantum Dots – Basic Principles of Design and Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Advantages over Classical Fluorophores

Basic Principles of Design and Synthesis of Quantum Dots

Optical and Chemical Properties – Advantages Compared with Classical Fluorophores

Quantum Dots for Fluorescent Labeling and Imaging

Structure of Quantum Dot Nanobiohybrids for Fluorescent Microscopic Imaging

Quantum Dots for Fluorescent Cell Imaging

Quantum Dots for Fluorescent Deep‐tissue Imaging
In Vivo

Potential of Quantum Dots for Positron Emission Tomography (
PET
) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (
f
MRI
)

Quantum Dots for Immunoblot Analysis with Fluorescent Detection

Basic Principles of Classical and
QD
‐
based
Immunoblot Analyses

QD
‐
based
Immunoblot Analysis of “tracer” Proteins – Privileges over Classical Immunoblot Analysis

Quantum Dots for
FRET
Analyses, Time‐resolved Fluorimetry, and Development of Optical Recognition‐based Biosensors

Quantum Dots for
FRET
‐
based
Bioanalyses

Quantum Dots for Time‐resolved Fluorimetry

Quantum Dots for development of New Generation Optical Recognition‐based Biosensors

Quantum Dots as New Fluorescent Standards for the Thin Calibration of Fluorescent Instrumentation
Detection of Biological Materials by Gold Nano‐biosensor‐based Electrochemical Method
Authors: Jiang Juan , Basu Manju , Seggerson Sara , Miller Albert , Pugia Michael , Basu Subhash 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTemplate Synthesis of Gold Nano‐wire Arrays for Biosensor ApplicationsGeneral Template SynthesisTemplate FormationFabrication of Gold Nano‐wire Arrays (GNW)Synthesis of a Linker and its Attachment to Gold Posts ofGNWfollowed by Binding to Specific AntibodiesDevelopment of Electrochemical Nano‐biosensor for Bacteria DetectionGeneral Detections for BiosensorsExperimental ConditionsElectrochemical Impedance (EIS) Detection ofE. coliEISon Flat Gold SurfacesEISonGNWEISonGNWwithAl2O3Summary ofEISDetection ofE. coliBacteriaConclusionsAcknowledgments
Dendrimer‐based Electrochemical Detection Methods
Authors: Kim Hak‐Sung , Yoon Hyun C. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Overview

Introduction

Background

Dendrimers as a new Constituent of Biocomposite Structures

Applications for Biosensors

Bioelectrocatalytic Enzyme Electrodes based on
LBL
(layer‐by‐layer) Assembly with Dendrimers

Bioelectrocatalytic Immunosensors based on the Dendrimer‐associated
SAMs

Affinity Recognition Surface based on the Dendrimer‐associated
SAMs

Electrochemical Signaling from Affinity Recognition Reactions

Protein Micropatterning on Sensor Surfaces for Multiplexed Analysis

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
Protein‐based Biosensors using Nanomaterials
Authors: Li Genxi 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Metal Nanoparticles

Gold Nanoparticles

Silver Nanoparticles

Other Metal Nanomaterials

Metallic Oxide Nanoparticles

Carbon Nanotubes

Nanocomposite Materials

Nanoparticles with Special Functions

Semiconductor Nanoparticles

Magnetic Nanoparticles

Other Nanomaterials

Conclusion
Biomimetic Nanosensors
Authors: Jelinek Raz , Kolusheva Sofiya 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionNanostructures in Biosensor DesignNanosensors for Probing Biological and Cellular SystemsBiological Components in NanosensorsNano‐biotechnology and Biomedical DiagnosisConclusions and Future Directions
Reagentless Biosensors Based on Nanoparticles
Authors: Benson David E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionSurface Dielectric EnhancementGold Nanoparticle Enhanced Surface Plasmon ResonanceCarbon Nanotube and Silicon Nanowire Enhanced ConductivityAdvantages and CaveatsCatalytic ActivationElectrocatalytic DetectionCatalytically Enabled Optical and Magnetic DetectionAdvantages and CaveatsBiomolecule Conformational Modulated EffectsBiosensors Based onDNAConformation ChangesBiosensors Based on Protein Conformation ChangesConclusionAcknowledgments
Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering: The Scaffold Based Approach
Authors: Nair Lakshmi S. , Bhattacharyya Subhabrata , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areOverviewIntroductionThe Importance of Scaffolds in Tissue EngineeringStructure and Functions of Natural Extracellular MatrixApplications of Nanotechnology in Developing Scaffolds for Tissue EngineeringPolymeric Nanofiber ScaffoldsTop‐down Approaches in Developing Scaffolds for Nano‐based Tissue EngineeringBottom‐up Approaches in Developing Scaffolds for Nano‐based Tissue EngineeringCell Behavior Towards Nano‐based MatricesApplications of Nano‐based Matrices as Scaffolds for Tissue EngineeringStem Cell Adhesion and DifferentiationNeural Tissue EngineeringCardiac and Blood Vessel Tissue EngineeringBone, Ligament and Cartilage Tissue EngineeringConclusions
Nanofibrous Scaffolds and their Biological Effects
Authors: Smith Laura A. , Beck Jonathan A. , Ma Peter X. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areOverviewIntroductionMethods of FormationElectrospinningSelf‐assemblyPhase SeparationNanofibrous Composite ScaffoldsInorganic CompositesSurface ModificationFactor Delivery ScaffoldsBiological Effects of NanofibersAttachmentProliferationDifferentiationMigrationTissue FormationConnective TissueLigamentsCartilageBoneNeural TissueCardiovascular TissueCardiac MuscleBlood VesselLiver TissueConclusion
Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals as Bone Tissue Substitute
Authors: Roveri Norberto , Palazzo Barbara 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areOverviewIntroductionBiogenic Hydroxyapatite: Bone and TeethBiomimetic Hydroxyapatite: Porous and Substituted ApatitesBiologically Inspired Hydroxyapatite:HA–Collagen Composites and CoatingsFunctionalized Hydroxyapatite:HANanocrystals – Bioactive MoleculesConclusion and Future ChallengesAcknowledgments
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ito Akira , Honda Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Isolation and Expansion

MSC
Expansion using
MCLs

MSC
Isolation and Expansion using
AMLs

Mag‐seeding

Construction of 3
D
Tissue‐like Structure

Cell Sheet Engineering using
RGD
‐
MCLs

Construction of a Keratinocyte Sheet using
MCLs

Delivery of Mag‐tissue Engineered
RPE
Sheet

Construction of a Liver‐like Structure using
MCLs

Construction of Tubular Structures using
MCLs

Conclusion
Applications and Implications of Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes in Tissue Engineering
Authors: McFetridge Peter S. , Nollert Matthias U. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionElectromagnetic Fields for Tissue RegenerationTissue EngineeringSWNTPreparation: Purification and FunctionalizationSpecific Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Tissue EngineeringConclusions
Nanoparticles for Cell Engineering – A Radical Concept
Authors: Rzigalinski Beverly A. , Danelisen Igor , Strawn Elizabeth T. , Cohen Courtney A. , Liang Chengya 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction and Overview

Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress

Sources of Intracellular Free Radicals

Oxidative Stress

Oxidative Stress and Disease

A Nanotechnological Approach to Oxidative Stress

Rare Earth Oxide Nanoparticles – Cerium

Biological Effects of Cerium

Biological Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Other Oxide Nanoparticles

Fullerene Derivatives and Carbon Nanotubes

Nano‐Pharmacology

Absorption

Agglomeration

Dose

Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Nanoparticle Antioxidants and Treatment of Disease

Toxicology

Summary
Nanoparticles and Nanowires for Cellular Engineering
Authors: Winter Jessica O. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionBiological Opportunities at the NanoscaleNanostructures and CellsNanoparticle and Nanowire Synthesis for Biological SystemsNanoparticle SynthesisNanowire SynthesisSurface Passivation StrategiesBioconjugationConjugation Strategies to Promote Non‐specific Cellular AffinityBiomolecular RecognitionConjugation Strategies for Antibody‐mediated RecognitionConjugation Strategies for Protein‐ and Peptide‐mediated RecognitionToxicity (see also Volume 5 of this Series)Nanostructures to Modify Cell Adhesion and MigrationCell Adhesion at the NanoscaleCell Adhesion and Nanoscale Physical TopographyCell Adhesion and Nanoscale Chemical PatternsCytoskeletal ManipulationFuture Applications of Nanostructures for Cell Adhesion and MigrationFuture Physical Nanostructures for Cell AdhesionFuture Chemical Patterns for Cell AdhesionActive Investigation of the CytoskeletonNanostructure Cellular EntryBiology of Molecular DeliveryNanostructure Endocytotic DeliveryOther Methods of Cellular EntryNanoparticle Intracellular SensingSemiconductor Quantum DotsMagnetic NanoparticlesFuture DirectionsNanostructure Intracellular DeliveryIntracellular SensingIntracellular Transport of NanostructuresBiology of Intracellular TransportActin‐based Nanostructure TransportMicrotubule‐based Nanostructure TransportFuture DirectionsBiomolecule Delivery Using NanostructuresBiology of Controlled DeliveryDrug DeliveryGene TherapyDrug DeliveryCell TargetingIn VivoDrug Delivery for Cancer TreatmentGene TherapySilica NanocarriersGold NanocarriersMagnetic NanocarriersFuture DirectionsDrug DeliveryGene TherapyProtein ManipulationBiology of Protein ManipulationManipulation of Free Proteins: EnzymesManipulation of Bound Proteins: Receptors and Ion ChannelsFuture DirectionsSummary and ConclusionsSummaryConclusions
Nanoengineering of Biomaterial Surfaces
Authors: Jayagopal Ashwath , Shastri Venkatram Prasad 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionConventional PhotolithographyElectron‐Beam LithographySoft LithographyPolymer‐Demixed NanotopographiesStar‐Shaped and other Novel Polymer StructuresVapor DepositionSelf‐AssemblyParticle BlastingIon Beam and Plasma‐Guided Surface EngineeringSol–Gel TechnologyNanolithographyLaser‐Guided StrategiesRapid Prototyping TechniquesConclusionsAcknowledgments
Nanotechnologies for Diagnosis – Present and Future
Authors: Hughes Gareth A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroduction to Patient DiagnosticsNanotechnology and Patient DiagnosticsOpticalFluorescenceQuantum DotsSurface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Nanoparticles and NanoshellsFiber Optic BiosensorsElectricalNanomaterials for Enhanced Electron TransferElectrochemical BiosensorsMagneticMechanicalImaging DiagnosticsNanotechnology‐enhanced ToolsAnalytical ToolsRaman SpectroscopyMass SpectrometryGeneticsImmunoassaysNanotechnology and the Future of Patient DiagnosticsMultifunctional PlatformsReal‐time MonitoringMultiplexed Diagnostic AssaysPoint‐of‐care DiagnosticsRegulations, Risks and Ethics
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles of Iron Oxides for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications
Authors: Idee Jean‐Marc , Port Marc , Raynal Isabelle , Schaefer Michel , Bonnemain Bruno , Prigent Philippe , Robert Philippe , Robic Caroline , Corot Claire 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Physicochemical Characteristics

Physicochemical Properties of the Crystal

Hydrodynamic Particle Size and Charge

Pharmacology and Metabolism

Role of Physicochemical Parameters

Mechanism and Consequences of Interaction with Macrophages

Pharmacokinetics

Nanoparticle Vectorization

Current Clinical Uses and Future Developments

Gastrointestinal Tract Imaging

Liver and Spleen Diseases

Lymph Node Metastases

Blood Pool Characteristics

Characterization of the Atheromatous Plaque

Other Potential Uses

Stroke

Cerebral Tumor Characterization

Multiple Sclerosis

Arthritis

Infection

Kidney Imaging

Acute Cardiac Transplant Rejection

In Vivo
Monitoring of Cell Therapy

T
‐staging of Uterine Neoplasms

MRI
‐detectable Embolotherapy

Conclusion
Carbon Nanotube‐based Vectors for Delivering Immunotherapeutics and Drugs
Authors: Bianco Alberto , Wu Wei , Pastorin Giorgia , Klumpp Cédric , Lacerda Lara , Partidos Charalambos D. , Kostarelos Kostas , Prato Maurizio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionChemical Functionalization ofCNTsNoncovalent Functionalizationπ–π Stacking InteractionsHydrophobic InteractionsCovalent FunctionalizationDefect FunctionalizationSidewall FunctionalizationCNTsin DiagnosisCNTsinFETsFabricationFETBiosensorsCNT‐basedElectrodesFabricationNanoelectrode BiosensorsCNTCell UptakeCNTsas Delivery Devices for Antigens and AdjuvantsInteraction off‐CNTswithCpGMotifs and Potentiation of their Immunostimulatory ActivityPresentation and Immunogenic Potential of Peptide Antigens Attached ontof‐CNTsCNTsfor Drug DeliveryCNTsfor Gene TransferInteraction withDNAandRNADelivery and Expression of Gene‐encodingDNAandRNAHealth Impact ofCNTsParameters ofCNTsRelated to Health ImpactPuritySolventsSurface ofCNTsLengthIn VitroEffect ofCNTsIn VivoEffects ofCNTsGeneral ConclusionsAcknowledgments
Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Molecular Imaging
Authors: Han Sung Kyun , Kim Ree Sun , Lee Jin Ho , Tae Giyoong , Cho Sun Hang , Yuk Soon Hong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionCore–shell Nanoparticles with a Lipid CoreCore–Shell Nanoparticles with a Polymeric CoreHyaluronic Acid (HA)‐functionalizedPLGANanoparticlesHeparin‐functionalizedPLGANanoparticlesCore–shell Nanoparticles with a Metallic CoreConclusionsAcknowledgments
Nanoporous and Nanosize Materials for Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Fukumori Yoshinobu , Takada Kanji , Takeuchi Hirofumi 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Nanomaterials for Coating

Commercially Available Aqueous Polymeric Nanomaterials

Novel Terpolymer Nanoparticles for Coating

Core–shell Nanoparticles for Fine Particle Coating

Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Thermosensitively Drug‐releasing Microcapsules

Chitosan Nanoparticles for Microparticle Coating

Materials for Nanoparticulate Therapy and Diagnosis

Inorganic Nanoparticles

Polymeric Nanoparticles

Other Case Studies

Nanoporous Materials as Drug Delivery System Carriers

Inorganic Calcium Compounds

Silastic Compounds

Nanoporous Silastic Materials for Solidifying Oily Drugs

Nanoporous Silastic Materials for Poorly Absorbable Drugs

Nanoporous Silica Materials for Controlled Release of Drugs

Carbon Nanotubes (
CNTs
)

CNTs
for Oral Delivery of Protein Drug

CNTs
for Intracellular Delivery of Protein

Toxicity of
CNTs

Functionalized
CNTs
(
f
‐
CNTs
) for Drug Delivery

f
‐
CNTs
for Gene Delivery

CNHs
for Drug Delivery

Physicochemical Aspects of Porous Silastic Materials for Drug Delivery

Solid Dispersion Particles with Porous Silica

Mesoporous Silica
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
Authors: Kallinteri Paraskevi , Garnett Martin C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroduction: Application of Nanoparticles for Noncancer ApplicationsPhysiological and Uptake of ParticlesRoutes of Tissue and Cellular Uptake of ParticlesUptake by Macrophages and Lymphoid TissuesMucosal‐associated Lymphoid Tissues (MALT)Routes of DeliveryOralNasalPulmonaryTransdermal/SubcutaneousDrug DeliveryOcular DeliveryAnatomy of the EyePathologyDrug DeliveryTolerabilityFuture Prospects for Nanoparticles in Ocular DeliveryMacrophage‐related DiseasesLeishmaniasisOther Parasitic InfectionsAntifungalTreatmentDrug Delivery SystemsTuberculosisPhysiology and PathologyTreatmentFuture ProspectsAIDSPathologyTreatmentNanoparticle Delivery SystemsVaccines andAIDSVaccinesDelivery RouteDiabetesTreatmentDelivery RoutesConclusions
Intelligent Hydrogels in Nanoscale Sensing and Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Hilt J. Zach 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Intelligent Hydrogels

Ionic Hydrogels

Temperature‐Responsive Hydrogels

Biohybrid Hydrogels

Imprinted Hydrogels

Sensor Applications

Actuation Detection

Optical Detection

Electrical Detection

Drug Delivery Applications

Micro/nanoscale Devices

Nanoscale Macromolecular Structures

Conclusions
Nanoshells for Drug Delivery
Authors: De Villiers Melgardt M. , Lvov Yuri M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMetallic NanoshellsSynthesis of the NanoshellsApplication in NanomedicineNanoshells Formed by PolyionE‐LbLSelf‐assemblyPreparation ofE‐LbLNanoshellsProving the NanoshellsInfluence of the Core on Nanoshell PropertiesBarrier Properties ofE‐LbLAssembled NanoshellsControlled Release of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Encapsulated byE‐LbLAssembled NanoshellsNanoshell Permeability for Low‐molecular‐weight CompoundsNanoshell Permeability for High‐molecular‐weight CompoundsE‐LbLAssembled Nanoshells as Protective and Functional BarriersMagnetic NanoshellsNano‐organized Shells with Functions other than a Adjustable Diffusion BarrierColloidal StabilizationInterpolyelectrolyte Complex FormationBiomimetic ApproachConclusion
Bionanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lee L. Andrew , Barnhill Hannah N. , Wang Qian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionBNPsGenetic and Chemical Alterations ofBNPsChemical ModificationsConventional Bioconjugation Methods for Selective Modifications“Click Chemistry” for Bioconjugation ofBNPsNew Developments in Tyrosine ModificationGenetic AlterationsHeterologous Peptide InsertionsNAASubstitutionsProtein Expression SystemsBNPsin TherapeuticsCell TargetingGene DeliveryBioimagingDrug Encapsulation and ReleaseImmune ResponseVaccine DevelopmentImmune ModulationFuture DirectionsAcknowledgments
Nanotechnology for Gene Therapy –
HVJ
‐
E
Vector
Authors: Nakagami Hironori , Tabata Yasuhiko , Kaneda Yasufumi 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Biological Barriers to Gene Transfer

Reaching Target Cells

Recognition by Specific Target Tissues

Avoidance of Nonspecific Uptake

Resistance to Degradation in Systemic Circulation

Crossing the Cell Membrane

Nuclear Targeting

Regulation of Gene Expression

Stable Retention of Transgenes

Regulation of Transcription

HVJ
‐
E
Vector

Development of
HVJ
‐
E
Vector

Approaches to Cancer Gene Therapy Utilizing
HVJ
‐
E
Vector

Transfection of Dendritic Cells (
DCs
) with Melanoma‐associated Antigen (
MAA
) using
HVJ
Envelope Vector for Immunotherapy of Melanoma

Fusion of
DC
Tumor Cells and Simultaneous Gene Transfer to the Hybrid Cells using
HVJ
‐
E
for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers

Biocompatible Polymer with
HVJ
‐
E

Magnetic Nanoparticles for Medicine

Conclusion
Nanotoxicology of Synthetic Gene Transfer Vectors: Poly(ethyleneimine)‐ and Polyfectin‐mediated Membrane Damage and Apoptosis in Human Cell Lines
Authors: Moghimi Seyed M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPEIas a Nonviral VectorStructure and Properties ofPEIandPEI–DNAComplexesCytotoxicityPEI‐mediated Cell Dysfunction and ApoptosisPEIandPEI–DNAComplex InternalizationPlasma Membrane Damage and ApoptosisEffect ofPEIon the Function of Isolated MitochondriaOther Plausible Apoptotic RoutesCell Damage and Apoptosis with Related Polycations and Cationic LipidsConclusions and Future Outlook