bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharing the Work: Using Diversity Advocates to Develop Inclusive Excellence
Authors: King Barbara , Simpson Caroline E. , Rose Suzanna M. , Farhangi Sanaz , Wood Kirsten E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdministrators and faculty at many colleges and universities are dedicated to making the faculty hiring process fair and equitable. One program that has shown promise is to train and appoint a Diversity Advocate (DA) to serve on each faculty search and screen committee. In this study, we created and examined the early stages of a DA program at a single institution. After undergoing special training, the DA works on the search committee to encourage best practices and to discourage schemas and stereotypes from interfering with the process. Our DA program differs from some in that efforts are made to train DAs who are demographically in the majority, work in the area where the search is taking place, and have earned tenure or promotion. Training those who are demographically in the majority helps meet our goal of broadening the responsibility for evidence-based and equitable hiring practices across faculty members. While reliable data on hiring outcomes is not yet available, we developed a survey to evaluate the DA training and conducted focus groups to understand the DA experience better. Our results highlight how DAs intervened in the search process to make it more equitable. The interventions included encouraging the use of best practices, such as leading the committee in creating a rubric for evaluating candidates and intervening when bias was present. Our study provides evidence that a DA program is one way to expand the pool of faculty committed to inclusive excellence.
Ocular surface and meibomian gland evaluation in euthyroid Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Authors: Lai Kenneth Ka Hei , Liao Xulin , Aljufairi Fatema Mohamed Ali Abdulla , Sebastian Jake Uy , Ma Andre , Man Wong Yiu , Lam Lee Cheuk , Chen Wanxue , Hu Zhichao , Cheng George P. M. , Tham Clement C. , Pang Chi Pui , Chong Kelvin K. L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Euthyroid Graves’ ophthalmology (EGO) refers to the subgroup of thyroid eye disease patients with distinct clinical presentations. This study evaluated the ocular surface and meibomian gland changes in EGO patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at The Chinese University of Hong Kong including 34 EGO patients and 34 age-and sex- matched healthy controls. Outcome measures include anterior segment examination, keratographic and meibographic imaging.

Results
Between 34 EGO patients and 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls, EGO was associated with a higher ocular surface disease index (P < 0.01), higher severity of meibomian gland dropout (upper: P < 0.001, lower: P < 0.00001) and higher percentage of partial blinking (P = 0.0036). The worse affected eyes of the EGO patients were associated with corneal staining (P = 0.0019), eyelid telangiectasia (P = 0.0009), eyelid thickening (P = 0.0013), eyelid irregularity (P = 0.0054), meibomian gland plugging (P < 0.00001), expressibility (P < 0.00001), and meibum quality (P < 0.00001). When the two eyes of the same EGO patient were compared, the degree of meibomian gland dropout was higher among the worse affected eyes (upper: P < 0.00001, and lower: P < 0.00001). Tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, and noninvasive break-up time were comparable between the two eyes of EGO patients and also between EGO patients and healthy controls. TMH was positively correlated with the degree of exophthalmos (r = 0.383, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
EGO patients have more ocular surface complications and meibomian gland dropouts than healthy controls. Almost 60% of them had dry eye symptoms, but aqueous deficiency was not apparent. Further studies are warranted to clarify the mechanism of dry eye in EGO.
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Congenital ptosis with aponeurotic maldevelopment: clinical and surgical perspectives
Authors: Alahmadawy Yomna A , Ahmed Rania A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Levator muscle dystrophy has been commonly accused being the main pathology of congenital ptosis, nevertheless, few reports drew attention to the existence of congenital aponeurotic defects. This study aims at highlighting the detailed clinical and surgical features of aponeurotic maldevelopment together with the efficacy of simple aponeurosis repair.

Methods
This is a retrospective nonrandomised study including patients with congenital ptosis who underwent levator muscle surgery throughout 4 years. Patients’ records were reviewed for the preoperative clinical assessment and photographs, intraoperative recorded data, and videos as well as postoperative data and photographs.

Results
Twenty-seven eyes of 22 patients (9.4%) out of 287 eyes were recorded to have absent levator muscle at its typical anatomical insertion site intraoperatively. The mean preoperative MRD1 was (0.44 ± 1.17 mm). The mean levator function was 8.56 ± 3.89 mm, with higher-than-normal crease position (mean value 10.07 ± 1.62 mm). 25 eyes of included cases (92.6%) showed total absence of the levator aponeurosis edge which only was revealed after cutting through the orbital septal covering of the preaponeurotic fat.

Conclusion
Congenital aponeurotic defect is an established yet under reported entity of congenital ptosis with reproducible characteristic intraoperative findings. Simple aponeurosis repair could achieve ptosis correction in such cases.
Improved oxidative stability of functional oils with Spirulina enhanced by probiotic fermentation and encapsulation
Authors: Özyurt Gülsün , Durmuş Mustafa , Sakarya Yetkin , Uslu Leyla , Kuley Esmeray 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe bioavailability of Arthrospira platensis as an antioxidant in fish oil after fermentation and microencapsulation process was investigated in this study. Unfermented and fermented A. platensis (Spirulina) were dried in a spray dryer with different ratios of maltodextrin and the powdered Spirulina samples were added to fish oil at a rate of 2% to monitor oxidative stability. Following the BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) added group, unfermented and fermented Spirulina samples and those coated with equal amounts of maltodextrin showed the lowest peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values. On the other hand, according to p-anisidine and Totox (total oxidation) assessments, all Spirulina-added groups were at least as effective as BHT in preventing lipid oxidation. At the end of storage, total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was determined as 21.09% in the control group without antioxidants and 28.75% in the group with BHT added. However, in all other Spirulina added groups (unfermented, fermented and microencapsulated groups), total PUFA content was in the range of 27.671-29.72%. As a result, it was found that both the dried forms of Spirulina alone and dried with coating material were effective in delaying lipid oxidation. However, the fermented forms showed no additional effect on lipid stability compared to the unfermented ones.
Relational network of innovation ecosystems generated by digital innovation hubs: a conceptual framework for the interaction processes of DIHs from the perspective of collaboration within and between their relationship levels
Authors: Serrano-Ruiz Julio C. , Ferreira José , Jardim-Goncalves Ricardo , Ortiz Ángel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Collaboration plays a key role in the success attained to date by networks of innovation ecosystems generated around entities known as Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs), recently created following European Commission initiatives to boost the digitisation of the European economic fabric. This article proposes a conceptual framework that brings together, defines, structures and relates the concepts involved in the collaborative interaction processes within and between these innovation ecosystems to allow comprehensive conceptualisation. The developed framework also provides an approach that helps to tangibilise collaboration as a management process. Here the goal is to ultimately move towards not only qualitative, but also quantitative modelling to bridge the research gap in the state of the art in this respect. The data-driven business-ecosystem-skills-technology (D-BEST) model, devised to configure DIHs service portfolios in a collaborative context, provides the reference basis for the interorganisational asset transfer methodology (IOATM). This is the keystone that structures the framework and constitutes its main contribution. Through the IOATM, this conceptual framework points out collaboration quantification, and serves as a lever for its modelling to deal with collaboration accounting by: turning it into a more controllable management element; guiding practitioners' efforts to improve collaborative processes efficiency with an approach that pursues objectivity and maximises synergies.
Heterogeneous university research and firm R&D location decisions: research orientation, academic quality, and investment type
Authors: Belderbos René , Braito Nazareno , Wang Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUniversities play an important role in regional development and innovation and engage with the industry through various channels. In this paper, we examine the role of heterogeneous characteristics of university research, in particular universities’ orientation towards basic or applied research and the quality of this research, in attracting firms’ R&D investment. We analyze the location decisions in the United States by foreign multinational firms at the level of metropolitan areas. We contrast research and development projects and explore whether they are driven by different factors. We find that the drivers of location choice differ importantly as a consequence of the type of the focal R&D investment of the firm. Universities with an orientation towards applied scientific research and exhibiting higher academic quality of applied research attract more R&D investment focusing on development activities. In contrast, firms’ investments in research activities are attracted by the academic quality of basic scientific research of local universities. Hence, increased university emphasis on academic engagement and applied research may have negative consequences for industrial research in the region.
Parameter-Free Reduction of the Estimation Bias in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Deterministic Policy Gradients
Authors: Saglam Baturay , Mutlu Furkan Burak , Cicek Dogan Can , Kozat Suleyman Serdar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractApproximation of the value functions in value-based deep reinforcement learning induces overestimation bias, resulting in suboptimal policies. We show that when the reinforcement signals received by the agents have a high variance, deep actor-critic approaches that overcome the overestimation bias lead to a substantial underestimation bias. We first address the detrimental issues in the existing approaches that aim to overcome such underestimation error. Then, through extensive statistical analysis, we introduce a novel, parameter-free Deep Q-learning variant to reduce this underestimation bias in deterministic policy gradients. By sampling the weights of a linear combination of two approximate critics from a highly shrunk estimation bias interval, our Q-value update rule is not affected by the variance of the rewards received by the agents throughout learning. We test the performance of the introduced improvement on a set of MuJoCo and Box2D continuous control tasks and demonstrate that it outperforms the existing approaches and improves the baseline actor-critic algorithm in most of the environments tested.
Exponential Synchronization of Complex Dynamic Networks with Time Delay and Uncertainty via Adaptive Event-Triggered Control
Authors: Zhao Yinguang , Ma Yuechao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, exponential synchronization problem of uncertain complex dynamic networks with time delay is studied via adaptive event-triggered control. Considering the influence of external environment, a new dynamic event-triggered mechanism is proposed, in order to reduce the transmission signal among nodes and reduce the consumption of communication resources. Moreover, in the proposed control mechanism, the controller is adaptive, that is, it only works when the triggering conditions are satisfied. Then, according to the designed adaptive event-triggered control strategy, the sufficient conditions for exponential synchronization are obtained by using Lyapunov functions and inequality technique. In addition, it is proved that the system can avoid Zeno behavior. At last, using two examples to verify the feasibility of the results.
Competing to Sell the Reference Product
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez Francisco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn a sequential model of vertical product differentiation in which consumers are loss-averse, I analyse how firms compete to sell the reference product when they set prices. I find that there are two subgame perfect equilibria: one where the reference point for all consumers is the higher-quality product; and the other where the reference point is the lower-quality product. However, applying the risk-dominance criterion, I obtain that the sole risk-dominant equilibrium is for the higher-quality firm to sell the reference product. Since the hedonic price of the higher-quality product is the highest, consumers do not suffer any psychological disutility in the risk-dominant equilibrium.
Simulation and feasibility assessment of a green hydrogen supply chain: a case study in Oman
Authors: Tian Mi , Zhong Shuya , Al Ghassani Muayad Ahmed Mohsin , Johanning Lars , Sucala Voicu Ion 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe transition to sustainable energy is crucial for mitigating climate change impacts. This study addresses this imperative by simulating a green hydrogen supply chain tailored for residential cooking in Oman. The supply chain encompasses solar energy production, underground storage, pipeline transportation, and residential application, aiming to curtail greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). The simulation results suggest leveraging a robust 7 GW solar plant. Oman achieves an impressive annual production of 9.78 TWh of green hydrogen, equivalent to 147,808 tonnes of H2, perfectly aligning with the ambitious goals of Oman Vision 2040. The overall LCOH for the green hydrogen supply chain is estimated at a highly competitive 6.826 USD/kg, demonstrating cost competitiveness when benchmarked against analogous studies. A sensitivity analysis highlights Oman’s potential for cost-effective investments in green hydrogen infrastructure, propelling the nation towards a sustainable energy future. This study not only addresses the pressing issue of reducing carbon emissions in the residential sector but also serves as a model for other regions pursuing sustainable energy transitions. The developed simulation models are publicly accessible at https://hychain.co.uk, providing a valuable resource for further research and development in the field of green hydrogen supply chains.
Psychometric properties and factor structure of a motivation scale for higher education students to graduate and stimulate their entrepreneurship
Authors: Villena-Martínez Elisa I. , Rienda-Gómez Juan José , Sutil-Martín Dolores Lucía , García-Muiña Fernando E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this research work is to provide a measurement instrument, through the validation of a proposed scale, to determine the relevant factors that affect the motivation of university students, and that can be used as anticipatory indicators of personal entrepreneurship to achieve educational and work success. To carry it out, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been carried out, based on the principal components’ method, which have been validated through the usual model fit measures in the literature, considering an analysis of reliability and reliability of the measurement instrument. To obtain this purpose, a sample of the university population was selected, through a simple random sampling, considering heterogeneity of courses, subjects, areas, and teaching modalities, of 596 individuals, with a higher percentage of women compared to men, as can be seen from the total number of enrolled in university degrees in the Spanish education system. The scale proved to have good psychometric properties, obtaining good internal consistency and validity. Among the main findings, we can highlight several dimensions for motivation, for instance, emotional self-management and adversity management; and learning strategies, such as: active self-management of study material, study management and self-management of effort, among others. In conclusion, a scale has been validated to determine which dimensions should be considered to promote student motivation as a method of personal entrepreneurship, and which can be used by educational authorities to propose extracurricular training that affects the improvement of students' competence, both in academic and emotional management. The dataset was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Espionage, Ethics, and Law: From Philosophy to Practice
Authors: Fabre Cécile 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I respond to Lars Christie, David Omand and Stephen Ratner for their thoughtful comments on my book Spying through a Glass Darkly. In that book, I provide a philosophical defence of espionage and counter-intelligence activities. I have little to say about how best to implement the moral norms I defend so that they can help guide intelligence officers’ actions, in the world as we know it here and now. Relatedly, I have little if anything to say about whether domestic and international law should reflect and entrench those norms. These are the gaps which David Omand’s and Stephen Ratner’s contributions seek to fill. First, though, I consider Lars Christie’s probing objections to my views on the ethics of deception.
Is Population Genetics Really Relevant to Evolutionary Biology?
Authors: Olson Mark E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe goal of evolutionary biology is to explain the diversity of the entire sweep of the natural world; population biology only examines tiny slices of time of a few individuals of single species. What gives the tiny scale of population biology its relevance to evolutionary biology is the following assumption: processes identical or similar to those observed in a given population biology study are operative in unexamined individuals in the same species, have been operative throughout the history of the species, and are operative in other species. Without this assumption, population biology studies are just very detailed descriptions of a handful of individuals of a species. Population biology lacks the means to test its jusifying assumption. It is tested by the comparative method, studies of convergent evolution across species. The comparative method has its own blind spots, mainly its inability to examine intraspecific variation, heritability, and fitness directly, exactly the purview of population biology. Population and comparative biology thus provide complementary sources of direct evidence regarding evolutionary process. Both, along with optimality models, evo-devo studies of the variants that can or can’t be produced in development, together with assumptions about unseeable ancestral populations, make up essential parts of a maximally well-supported evolutionary explanation. Recognizing this essential epistemic interdependence shows why it is necessary to select sources of evidence from across population, comparative, optimality, and developmental studies, leading to collaboration rather than criticism across these fields, and stronger explanations accounting for the evolution of diversity in organismal form and function.
Bariatric Surgery and New-Onset Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Martinelli Silvia , Petrucciani Niccolò , Regazzi Luca , Gualano Maria Rosaria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that bariatric surgery (BS) patients are at risk for substance abuse disorders (SUD). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between BS and the development of new-onset substance abuse disorder (SUDNO) in bariatric patients. On October 31, 2023, we reviewed the scientific literature following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 3242 studies were analyzed, 7 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled incidence of SUDNO was 4.28%. Patients’ characteristics associated with SUDNO included preoperative mental disorders, high pre-BS BMI, and public health insurance. Surgical factors associated with new SUDNOs included severe complications in the peri- or postoperative period. The occurrence of SUDNOs is a non-negligeable complication after BS. Predisposing factors may be identified and preventive actions undertaken.
Navigating the learning curve: assessing caseload and comparing outcomes before and after the learning curve of computer-navigated total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hecht II Christian J. , Porto Joshua R. , Sanghvi Parshva A. , Homma Yasuhiro , Sculco Peter K. , Kamath Atul F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Computer-navigated (CN) total hip arthroplasty (THA) offers improved acetabular component placement and radiographic outcomes, but inconsistent assessment methods of its learning curves render the evaluation of adopting a novel platform challenging. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to assess the learning curve associated with CN-THA, both tracking a surgeon's performance across initial cases and comparing their performance to manual THA (M-THA).

Methods
A search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar on June 16, 2023 to find research articles published after January 1, 2000 (PROSPERO registration: CRD4202339403) that investigated the learning curve associated with CN-THA. 655 distinct articles were retrieved and subsequently screened for eligibility. In the final analysis, nine publications totaling 847 THAs were evaluated. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) tool was utilized to evaluate the potential for bias, with the mean MINORS score of 21.3 ± 1.2.

Results
CN-THA showed early advantages to M-THA for component placement accuracy and radiographic outcomes but longer operative times (+ 3− 20 min). There was a learning curve required to achieve peak proficiency in these metrics, though mixed methodologies made the required caseload unclear.

Conclusions
CN-THA offers immediate advantages to M-THA for component placement accuracy and radiographic outcomes, though CN-THA’s advantages become more pronounced with experience. Surgeons should anticipate longer operative times during the learning curve for CN-THA, which lessen following a modest caseload. A more thorough evaluation of novel computer-navigated technologies would be enhanced by adopting a more uniform method of defining learning curves for outcomes of interest.
Registration PROSPERO registration of the study protocol: CRD42023394031, 27 June 2023.