bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human sialidase as a cancer marker
Authors: Miyagi Taeko , Wada Tadashi , Yamaguchi Kazunori , Shiozaki Kazuhiro , Sato Ikuro , Kakugawa Yoichiro , Yamanami Hideaki , Fujiya Tsuneaki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAltered sialylation of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids is closely related to the malignant phenotype of cancer cells, including the metastatic potential and invasiveness. Many cancer‐related antigens in clinical use contain sialic acids at the terminal position of sugar chains in the molecules. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we focused our investigation on sialidase, which catalyzes the removal of sialic acid residues from the glycoconjugates. Four types of human sialidases identified to date behave in different manners during carcinogenesis. One of the sialidases, found in the lysosomes, showed downregulation in cancers, promoting anchorage‐independent growth, and metastatic ability, while another, found in the plasma membrane, showed marked upregulation, causing apoptosis suppression. It was found that estimation of the mRNA levels of sialidases by real‐time PCR allowed discrimination of cancerous from noncancerous tissues and even determination of the pathological stage in some cancers. Immunohistochemistry of cancer tissues using the antibody against the plasma membrane sialidase was useful for clinical diagnosis. This paper briefly summarizes our findings of the altered sialidase expression in cancers and the possibility of their clinical application as cancer markers. Human sialidases are indeed related to malignancy and may be potential targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Monitoring coping style moderates emotional reactions to genetic testing for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: a longitudinal study
Authors: Shiloh S. , Koehly L. , Jenkins J. , Martin J. , Hadley D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectives: The emotional effects of genetic testing for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) provided within a counseling program were assessed among 253 individuals.Methods: Assessments were scheduled at baseline before testing, and again after 6 and 12 months post‐test. Negative emotional reactions were evaluated using the Revised Impact of Event Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale. Monitoring coping style was assessed at baseline using the Miller Behavioral Style Scale.Results: Mean reductions were indicated in distress and depression levels within the first 6 months after counseling and testing. High monitors were generally more distressed than low monitors, specifically if they had indeterminate or positive results.Conclusions: Genetic counseling and testing for HNPCC do not result in long‐term distress for most people. Of the variables investigated, only time and coping style have main effects on emotional reactions, and the impacts of mutation status are moderated by coping style. Psychological interventions, aimed to alleviate adverse emotional effects, were suggested for certain participants, i.e. recipients of positive or indeterminate results who are high monitors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The meaning of work and working life after cancer: an interview study
Authors: Rasmussen Dorte M. , Elverdam Beth 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: Cancer survivors have diverse and complex patterns of return to work, but little attention has been given to individual experiences of returning to work.Objectives: To analyse the meaning of work and working life for cancer survivors over time.Methods: Participant observation was carried out at a cancer rehabilitation centre. A total of 23 participants were interviewed twice. Results: Cancer survivors try to get back to work after treatment and try to re‐establish their former structure of everyday‐life that is seen as a normal and healthy existence. Work contributes to creating the individual as a social being, partaking in social relations with others. Work plays a role in establishing the individual's identity. It is difficult for many to resume work. When they are unable to work, they establish new activities in everyday‐life that give meaning to a life. In order to understand the cultural meaning of work in capitalist society, we incorporate the theoretical perspective of Max Weber.Conclusion: Those who after cancer treatment are unable to work lose a part of their identity; they lose the personal challenge and satisfaction related to work. They are no longer part of the companionship related to work. Having had cancer means a disruption of the structure of everyday‐life that is taken for granted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial issues in genetic testing for familial adenomatous polyposis: a review of the literature
Authors: Douma K. F. L. , Aaronson N. K. , Vasen H. F. A. , Bleiker E. M. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectives: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterized by the development of multiple adenomas in the colon that can lead to colorectal cancer. Being a carrier for FAP is hypothesized to have a negative impact on psychosocial well‐being. This paper reviews the current literature on the psychosocial aspects of FAP.Methods: Four literature databases were used to identify all papers published between 1986 and 2007 about psychosocial and behavioral issues in FAP related to genetic testing. The following topics were reviewed: uptake and psychosocial impact of genetic testing, endoscopic screening behavior and psychosocial well‐being in general.Results: Seventeen papers were identified. Across studies, genetic test uptake varied between 62 and 97%. Two out of three studies showed clinical levels of anxiety and/or depression after genetic testing. A minority of individuals were not reassured by a negative test result, and intended to continue endoscopic surveillance. Well‐being (e.g. quality of life, family functioning) was found to be lower in some studies, while comparable to the general population in other studies. The studies had several shortcomings, such as mixed patient population (e.g. colorectal and breast cancer) and small sample sizes, and provided no information on other potentially important issues, such as psychosexual development.Conclusions: Future studies should employ larger sample sizes and standardized measurements. Additionally, future studies should address the long‐term consequences of genetic testing for FAP, psychosexual development and consequences of FAP for the family as a whole. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk perception and cancer worries in families at increased risk of familial breast/ovarian cancer
Authors: Mellon Suzanne , Gold Robin , Janisse James , Cichon Michelle , Tainsky Michael A. , Simon Michael S. , Korczak Jeannette 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWhile families at increased risk for familial breast/ovarian cancer continue to overestimate their cancer risk with increased cancer worries about the future, few studies have examined factors that affect inherited cancer risk perception and cancer worries in both survivors and unaffected female relatives. The purpose of this study was to examine variables that may affect cancer worries and risk perceptions from a family‐based perspective in a racially diverse, community‐based, random sample of 146 dyads consisting of adult female breast and/or ovarian cancer survivors and their unaffected female relatives (N=292). Results indicated that coping style, self‐efficacy, partner's income, family role relationship, and cancer risk perception were significant contributors to the survivors' and their unaffected relatives' cancer worries. Significant variables for perception of cancer risk for both survivors and relatives included income, race, family history of cancer, and cancer worries. Relatives had a higher perception of cancer risk, whereas survivors had more cancer worries. Additionally, the level of cancer worries reported by one member of the dyad was related to the amount of worries reported by the other. The results from this study underscore the importance of clinicians addressing concerns of both affected and unaffected members of families at increased risk of cancer to assist them in managing cancer worries and having realistic risk appraisals to make informed decisions about their own and their family's health surveillance options. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic testing in familial melanoma: uptake and implications
Authors: de Snoo Femke A. , Riedijk Samantha R. , van Mil Anneke M. , Bergman Wilma , ter Huurne Jeanet A.C. , Timman Reinier , Bertina Wieke , Gruis Nelleke A. , Vasen Hans F.A. , van Haeringen Arie , Breuning Martijn H. , Tibben Aad 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: We report on the uptake and psychological impact of p16‐Leiden genetic testing to contribute to a greater understanding of counseling melanoma families.Methods: Within a defined research setting, genetic counseling and testing were offered to members of p16‐Leiden‐positive melanoma pedigrees, at risk of carrying a gene defect associated with an increased risk of melanoma and pancreatic cancer.Results: One hundred and eighty‐four individuals sought counseling, of which 141 (77%) opted for genetic testing. Uptake of genetic counseling and testing, and psychological motivation was evaluated in 94 (57%) individuals. Higher pre‐test risk of carrying the mutation and older age proved significantly predictive for counseling uptake. Age was predictive for test acceptance, whereas fearful test expectancies predicted test decline. Counselees had lower distress levels than those reported in other oncogenetic testing settings.Conclusion: We are the first to report on genetic testing for familial melanoma. Following the first counseling session, we found a relatively high uptake rate for p16‐Leiden testing and no clinically worrisome levels of distress. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transition from breast cancer ‘patient’ to ‘survivor’
Authors: Allen Jennifer D. , Savadatti Sanghamitra , Gurmankin Levy Andrea 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: While much is now known about breast cancer survivors' long‐term health, quality of life, and psychological state, relatively little is known about the period immediately following completion of treatment, when women transition out of the role of breast cancer ‘patient’ to life as ‘survivor’.Objective: To explore women's fears regarding risk of cancer recurrence, sense of loss of medical monitoring, and social support from health‐care providers and other patients, and the strategies they use to cope with these issues.Method: Focus group interviews were conducted with women who had completed adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation for new stage I or II breast cancer in the prior 12 months. Interviews were audio‐taped, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparative analysis approach.Results: Of 216 women identified as eligible, over half (155) were reached by telephone and invited to participate. Of those invited, 47 (30%) agreed. Findings suggest that while women acknowledge positive life changes as a result of the cancer experience, emotional and physical stresses are prevalent following the completion of treatment.Conclusion: The period of time when women who have been treated for breast cancer transition to life without treatment presents numerous emotional and physical challenges. By illuminating patients' experience during this transition period, this study provides insights into the development of interventions to support women after treatment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioural functioning of retinoblastoma survivors
Authors: van Dijk J. , Oostrom K. J. , Imhof S. M. , Moll A. C. , Schouten‐van Meeteren A. Y. N. , Bezemer P. D. , Huisman J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess behavioural problems in retinoblastoma (RB) survivors.Methods: This population‐based cross‐sectional study included 148 RB survivors (8–35 years), registered in the Dutch national RB register. Survivors and parents were asked to fill in behavioural questionnaires. Prevalence rates were computed, based on both self‐reports and proxy reports. One‐sample T‐tests were applied to analyse differences compared with healthy reference samples. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for behavioural problems within the RB sample.Results: Between‐group differences varied across informants and across age groups. Parents reported significantly elevated total problem behaviour in 30% of their offspring (aged 8–17 years); this against 9% in adolescents (12–17 years) and 12% in adults (18–35 years) based on self‐report. Parental reports showed significantly elevated rates of (1) internalising problems in boys and (2) somatic complaints in both girls and boys. Self‐reports indicate significantly lowered levels of (1) externalising problems in adolescent and adult women and (2) thought problems in female adolescents and in adult men. Especially survivors who suffered hereditary RB, who had undergone more intensive treatment, and who came from a single‐parent family were identified to be at most behavioural risk.Conclusion: Perception of severity and the nature of behavioural problems seem to differ between beholder, and to vary between age groups, if not between life stages. Health professionals should be aware that especially those who are confronted with hereditary RB and who subsequently undergo intensive treatment, and who grow up in broken families, run the risk of developing behavioural difficulties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast cancer in young families: a qualitative interview study of fathers and their role and communication with their children following the diagnosis of maternal breast cancer
Authors: Forrest Gillian , Plumb Caroline , Ziebland Sue , Stein Alan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To explore father–child communication following the diagnosis of maternal breast cancer, examine disparities in their understandings of the impact of the illness, and identify gaps in their need for support and information.Methods: The design is the qualitative interview study with thematic analysis. The interviews were home‐based with fathers and children in Oxfordshire, UK. The participants were 26 fathers whose partners had early breast cancer and 31 of their children aged between 6 and 18 years.Results: Fathers described graphically their reaction to news of their partner's breast cancer and their attempts to provide support for their partners and maintain normal family life for their children. Fathers were keen to reassure and protect children but often said that they lacked sufficient information about breast cancer—especially side effects of treatments. Fathers sometimes did not recognise the extent of their children's distress and some interpreted their children's reactions as ‘bad behaviour’ or ‘rudeness’. Children were often acutely aware of the father's emotional state, and expressed a wish to protect him. Some fathers would have liked an opportunity to talk to a clinician directly about the children but did not want to claim clinical time for themselves or their children.Conclusion: This study suggests that clinicians could improve their care of breast cancer patients by being more family‐centred. Fathers routinely need more information and preparation about the likely impact of the illness and its treatment (especially side effects) on the mother, and how children of different ages may react to the emotional strain. Clinicians need to be prepared to offer to talk to teenagers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antecedents of domain‐specific quality of life after colorectal cancer
Authors: Steginga Suzanne K. , Lynch Brigid M. , Hawkes Anna , Dunn Jeff , Aitken Joanne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The present study prospectively assessed the influence of medical, socio‐demographic, psychological, and lifestyle variables on physical, social/family, emotional, functional well‐being and colorectal cancer‐specific concerns in a population‐based sample of colorectal cancer survivors.Methods: Participants (n=1822) were assessed at 6 and 24 months post‐diagnosis. Predictor variables assessed at 6 months included socio‐demographic and medical variables, symptoms/side‐effects, body mass index, physical activity, optimism, social support, and cancer threat appraisal. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed at 6 and 24 months post‐diagnosis using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Colorectal (FACT‐C).Results: For each QOL subscale and for the overall FACT‐C scale, 6 month scores were the strongest predictor of QOL scores at 24 months post‐diagnosis (e.g. β=0.447, p < 0.001 for overall QOL). Socio‐demographic, medical, and psychosocial variables, but not lifestyle variables, differentially predicted domain specific QOL. Only cancer threat appraisal was associated with all five QOL domains.Conclusion: Cancer threat appraisal presents as a potentially modifiable variable for interventions seeking to improve QOL. Symptom management and lifestyle strategies to ameliorate the effects of co‐morbidities, disease stage and troublesome symptoms such as faecal incontinence on QOL should also be included. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive and mood changes in men undergoing intermittent combined androgen blockade for non‐metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Cherrier M.M. , Aubin S. , Higano C.S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose: Men with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐only relapse of prostate cancer after primary therapy are generally fully functional and asymptomatic with a life expectancy of up to 10 or more years. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment option. This study examined mood and cognitive changes in otherwise healthy men with prostate cancer prior to, during and after ADT.Experimental design: Twenty hormone naïve, eugonadal prostate cancer patients without evidence of metastases and with a rising PSA were treated with intermittent ADT consisting of 9 months of complete androgen blockade (CAB) achieved with combined leuprolide and flutamide followed by an ‘off treatment’ period. Cognitive function tests and mood measures were administered at baseline, after 3 and 9 months of ADT and after 3 months of no treatment. Twenty healthy control patients without prostate cancer range matched for age and education were tested at the same time intervals.Results: ADT patients evidenced a significant decline in spatial reasoning, spatial abilities and working memory during treatment compared with baseline. No changes were noted for measures of verbal or spatial memory, selective attention or language. Significant changes in self‐rated mood such as increased depression, tension, anxiety, fatigue and irritability were evident during treatment compared with baseline for ADT patients. No significant changes in either cognitive tests or mood measures were noted for the healthy control group.Conclusions: These findings, suggest that 9 months of combined androgen blockade may result in some adverse changes in cognition and mood. However, many but not all of these changes can return to baseline after cessation of ADT. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some recommendations for the practitioner to improve the precision of experimentally determined protein folding rates and ϕ values
Authors: Ruczinski Ingo , Plaxco Kevin W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe mechanism by which proteins fold from an initially random conformation into a functional, native structure remains a major unsolved question in molecular biology. Of particular interest to the protein folding community is the structure that the protein adopts in the folding transition state (the highest free energy state on the pathway from unfolded to folded), as that state forms the barrier that defines the folding pathway. Unfortunately, however, unlike those of the initial, unfolded state and the final, folded state of the protein, the structure in the transition state cannot be directly assessed via experiment. Instead, experimentalists infer the structure of the transition state, often by estimating changes in its free energy by measuring the effects of amino acid substitutions on folding and unfolding rates (Φ‐value analysis). In this article we show how to obtain more efficient estimates of these important quantities via improved experimental designs, and how to avoid common pitfalls in the analysis of kinetic data during the extraction of these parameters. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the outer membrane protein OprF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a lipopolysaccharide membrane by computer simulation
Authors: Straatsma T.P. , Soares T.A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe N‐terminal domain of outer membrane protein OprF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms a membrane spanning eight‐stranded antiparallel β‐barrel domain that folds into a membrane channel with low conductance. The structure of this protein has been modeled after the crystal structure of the homologous protein OmpA of Escherichia coli. A number of molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out for the homology modeled structure of OprF in an explicit molecular model for the rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outer membrane of P. aeruginosa. The structural stability of the outer membrane model as a result of the strong electrostatic interactions compared with simple lipid bilayers is restricting both the conformational flexibility and the lateral diffusion of the porin in the membrane. Constricting side‐chain interactions within the pore are similar to those found in reported simulations of the protein in a solvated lipid bilayer membrane. Because of the strong interactions between the loop regions of OprF and functional groups in the saccharide core of the LPS, the entrance to the channel from the extracellular space is widened compared with the lipid bilayer simulations in which the loops are extruding in the solvent. The specific electrostatic signature of the LPS membrane, which results in a net intrinsic dipole across the membrane, is found to be altered by the presence of OprF, resulting in a small electrically positive patch at the position of the channel. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.