bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometric Determination of Micro-Amounts of Ruthenium(III) and Platinum(IV) with Acenaphthenequinone Mono(thiosemicarbazone)
Authors: Singh Shailendra Kumar , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Sindhwani Sharwan Kumar 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ruthenium(III) and platinum(IV) form 1:2 (metal:ligand) complexes with acenaphthenequinone mono(thiosemicarbazone) (AQTS). The complexes are soluble in 70% N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The reagent has been used for the spectrophotometric determination of Ru(III) and Pt(IV). The optimum ranges of concentration for the determination of Ru(III) and Pt(IV) are 2.02–7.09 and 2.83–11.6 ppm over the pH range 5.3–6.8 and 1.9–4.1, respectively. The Sandell sensitivities for the determination of Ru(III) and Pt(IV) are 0.01 and 0.016 μg cm−2, respectively. The determination has also been carried out in the presence of foreign ions.
The Structure of Diaquatetrakis(thiocyanato)cobalt(II)mercury(II)-N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone(1/2), CoHg(SCN)4(H2O)2·2(C3H6CONCH3)
Authors: Kinoshita Hisashi , Shimoi Mamoru , Ouchi Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of the title complex was determined using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. A crystal of CoHgC14H22N6O4S4, F.W. 726.15, is tetragonal with a space group P\bar4, a=12.082(3), c=8.097(2)Å, U=1182.0(5)Å3, Z=2, Dx=2.04 Mg m−3, and μ(Mo Kα)=7.72 mm−1. Tetrahedral mercury(II) coordinated with four sulfur atoms and octahedral cobalt(II) coordinated with four nitrogen atoms of SCN− (equatorially) and two oxygen atoms of H2O (axially) are linked by thiocyanate bridges to form planar networks parallel to (001). The planes are connected by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (mpd) molecules through the hydrogen bonds with two coordinated water molecules at both side networks. The structure resembles that of the N,N-dimethylacetamide (dma) adduct, CoHg(SCN)4(H2O)2·2dma. These are new types of inclusion compounds.
Acid Dissociation Constants of Dialkyldithiocarbamic Acids and O,O′-Dialkyl S-Hydrogen Dithiophosphates and Formation Constants of Their Complexes with Cadmium(II), Zinc(II), and Lead(II) in 1:1 v/v Water-DMF Medium
Authors: Hayashi Kenjiro , Sasaki Yoshiaki , Tagashira Shoji , Yanagidani Takagimi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The log values of β3, the formation constants of metal complexes with dialkyldithiocarbamates and O,O′-dialkyl dithiophosphates, were determined by polarography. The pKa values, the acid-dissociation constants of these ligands, were also determined kinetically. A linear relationship exists between these two variables for each metal and straight parallel lines were obtained.
Metal Complexes of Octabutyl- and Octaoctylporphyrins Preparation and Properties
Authors: Ye Chang Quing , Tsuruta Haruki , Otsuka Sei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Octabutyl- and octaoctylporphyrin complexes of FeII, CoII, NiII, and CuII ions were prepared as a family of highly lipophilic metalloporphyrins.
The Effect of Intermolecular Association on Kinetic Behavior. Rate Acceleration with Time in Oxidation of a Pair of Thiols
Authors: Ito Masato M , Ogikubo Toshikazu , Ueda Hideki , Hagino Kazuomi , Endo Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In base-catalyzed oxidation of a pair of associating thiols [HSCH2–CONHCONH–Ph and HSCH2CH2–NHCONHCO–C6H13], rate enhancement with time occurred in protic media, whereas the rate was reduced with time in aprotic solvents. For a pair of nonassociating thiols [HSCH2CO2C2H5 and HSCH2CH2OH], the rate enhancement was neither observed in a protic solvent nor in an aprotic one.
A New Synthesis of α-Phenylhomoallylnitriles from β-Nitrostyrene and Allylic Silanes
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Fujiki Satomi , Suzuki Hitomi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
TiCl4-catalyzed addition of allylic silanes to β-nitrostyrene affords γ,δ-unsaturated nitronates which, on treatment with low valent titanium in situ generated from Ti(IV) and zinc, are smoothly converted to γ,δ-unsaturated nitriles in moderate yields.
Synthesis and Chiral Recognition of Optically Active Crown Ethers Incorporating a 9,9′-Biphenanthryl Moiety as the Chiral Center
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Kitsuki Tomohito , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two chiral crown ethers incorporating a 9,9′-biphenanthryl moiety as the chiral center have been prepared, and their chiral recognition properties in transport of methyl (±)-phenylglycinate hydrochloride, (±)-1-phenylethylamine hydrochloride, and (±)-1,2-diphenylethylamine hydrochloride were examined.
Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of (TTM-TTF)I2.47
Authors: Wu Peiji , Mori Takehiko , Enoki Toshiaki , Imaeda Kenichi , Saito Gunzi , Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The X-ray crystal structure analysis of a novel organic conductor (TTM-TTF)I2.47 (TTM-TTF: tetrakis(methylthio)tetrathiafulvalene) shows that the donors with an almost flat structure are stacked face-to-face to form columns. The iodine lattice composed of I3− columns is incommensurate with the donor lattice. The measurements of resistivity, thermoelectric power, and ESR show a metal-insulator transition around 100 K. This transition is attributed to the Peierls type phase transition. The quasi-one-dimensional electronic structure is supported by the arrangement of the donor molecules in the crystal and the calculated anisotropy of transfer integrals.
Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanoid Complexes with 1,3-Bis(2-pyridylmethyleneamino)-2-propanol
Authors: Sakamoto Masatomi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Lanthanoid complexes of a general formula [Ln(appy)(NO3)2]H2O (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Eu, or Gd) have been synthesized with 1,3-bis(2-pyridylmethyleneamino)-2-propanol (Happy). The complexes were characterized to be mononuclear and of nine-coordination in solid state with quinquedentate appy− and two bidentate NO3− ions. On dissolution in dimethyl sulfoxide, the complexes were shown to dissociate into [Ln(appy)(dmso)n]2+ based on 13C-NMR spectra and molar conductance measurements.
Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides with Optically Active Hydroperoxides Prepared by Singlet Oxygenation of Thiazolidine Derivatives
Authors: Takata Toshikazu , Ando Wataru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Asymmetric oxidation of prochiral sulfides with optically active hydroperoxides prepared in situ by photo-sensitized oxygenation, gives chiral sulfoxides with moderate optical yields which are enhanced by addition of Ti(OPri)4.
2-Allylisourea as a Starting Material for Palladium-Catalyzed Wittig-Type Allylidenation of Aldehydes
Authors: Inoue Yoshio , Toyofuku Masanori , Hashimoto Harukichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Allylic-substituted isoureas underwent Wittig-type allylidenation of aldehydes in the presence of triphenylphosphine and 2 mol% of [Pd(PPh3)3] to give the corresponding conjugated olefins in tolerable to good yields.
On the Synthesis of Crystalline and Semicrystalline Tin(IV) Selenophosphate
Authors: Nabi Syed Ashfaq , Siddiqi Zia Mahmood 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Samples of tin(IV) selenophosphate have been synthesized by mixing 0.05 M (1 M=1 mol dm−3) aqueous solutions of tin(IV) chloride, sodium selenite, and sodium dihydrogenphoshate in different volume ratios and at different pH. A crystalline and a semicrystalline products are obtained when the precipitates are refluxed. Ion-exchange behavior of refluxed product is compared with the unrefluxed one.
Hydrogen Bonding in Polyfluoride Ions
Authors: Kar Tapas , Sannigrahi Abani Bhusan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrogen bonding in the polyfluoride ions (HnFn+1−, n=1 to 4) has been discussed in the light of atomic charges, bond ionicities, valencies and bond indices calculated from CNDO/2 wave functions. The hydrogen-bond energy in these ions is found to bear a qualitative relation with the bond index of the hydrogen bond.
A New Aspect of the Pressure Effect in Syngas Conversion to Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Masuda Takashi , Murata Kazuhisa , Matsuda Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pressure effect in syngas conversion to ethylene glycol (EG) is understood in terms of respective partial pressures of hydrogen (PH2) and carbon monoxide (PCO). A new mechanism is proposed to explain an extraordinary effect of PH2 on the selectivity to EG.
Preparation and Stereochemistry of (Acetylacetonato)(2,2′-bipyridine)chromium(III) Complexes with 2,2′-Bipyridine N,N′-Dioxide or Its 3,3′-Dimethyl Derivative
Authors: Kanno Hideaki , Utsuno Shunji , Fujita Junnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Four new mixed-ligand chromium(III) complexes, [Cr(acac)(bpy)(L)]2+ and [Cr(bpy)(phen)(L)]3+, where L denotes a seven-membered chelate ligand, 2,2′-bipyridine N,N′-dioxide (bpdo) or its 3,3′-dimethyl derivative (mbdo), were prepared and resolved. All of the complexes formed only one of two possible racemic pairs of diastereomers. The pair was assigned to have an ob(Δ(δ), Λ(λ)) structure on the basis of the circular dichroism spectra and the absolute configuration of optically active mbdo recovered from the resolved complex.
Linear Furano Compounds: Synthesis of 7H-Furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-ones
Authors: Geetanjali Y , Rajitha B , Rao M Kanakalingeswara 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A novel synthesis of 2-aroyl-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-ones, viz., IIIa and b was reported by condensing 2-benzoyl- and 2-(p-methoxybenzoyl)-3-methyl-5-acetyl-6-hydroxybenzofuran (Ia and b) with C6H5CH2COONa-Ac2O. VI was synthesised by condensing 7-hydroxy-6-benzoyl-4,8-dimethylcoumarin (IV) with V. The basic ethers (IIId–j) were synthesised by demethylating IIIb with pyridinehydrochloride and resultant IIIc was condensed with N,N-dialkyl-2-haloalkanamine hydrochlorides. UV, IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectral data are also given.
129I Mössbauer Spectroscopic Studies on the Iodine Complexes of N,N′-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and N,N′-Diphenylbenzidine
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Maeda Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
129I Mössbauer and resonance Raman spectroscopy have been applied to the iodine complexes of N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD–I2.4) and N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (DPB–I2.7), which exhibit relatively high electrical conductivities. The Mössbauer spectra of these complexes indicate the existence of two unequivalent iodine sites, corresponding to the central and terminal iodine atoms of a linear I3− unit. The resonance Raman spectra suggest that the I3− unit exists as a successive chain in these complexes. This is consistent with the crystallographic data of the DPPD–I2.4 complex. The charge density of the I3− unit is slightly different from that of the isolated I3− ion because of a weak covalent bond between I3− units. It is confirmed that both complexes are partially oxidized mixed-valence compounds, formulated as (DPPD)+0.8 (I3−)0.8 and (DPB)+0.9 (I3−)0.9.
Intramolecular “Diene-Regenerable” Diels–Alder Reaction of 2-Pyrone-6-carboxamides. Preparation and Reaction of Fused 1,3-Cyclohexadiene Systems
Authors: Noguchi Michihiko , Kakimoto Shinji , Kawakami Hisao , Kajigaeshi Shoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 2-pyrone-6-carboxamides, prepared from 2-pyrone-6-carbonyl chloride and substituted allylamine, undergo an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction spontaneously to give 3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1-oxoisoindoline-5,7a-carbolactones, which regenerate the diene moieties by the decarboxylation to afford 3a,4-dihydro-1-oxoisoindolines. 3a,4,4a,5-Tetrahydro-1(2H)-isoquinolone and 2,3,4,5,5a,6-hexahydro-1H-2-benzazepin-1-one derivatives are obtained similarly from the corresponding amides. These fused 1,3-cyclohexadiene systems reveal to be versatile synthetic intermediates for polycyclic compounds by cycloaddition reaction and for benzo-fused heterocycles by dehydrogenation. The stereochemistries in the successive cycloaddition reactions are also discussed.
From Penicillin to Penem and Carbapenem. VIII. Introduction of an Allyl Group at the C-4 Position of the Azetidinone Molecule, and the Synthesis of Dethiathienamycin
Authors: Fujimoto Katsumi , Iwano Yuji , Hirai Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new C3-unit introduction reaction at the C-4 position of 4-acetoxy-2-azetidinone derivatives using tetraallyltin in the presence of 1/10 equiv of boron trifluoride etherate in dichloromethane is described. Dethiathienamycin was synthesized from (3S,4R)-4-allyl-3-[(R)-1-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-2-azetidinone via the ylide intermediate.
A Revised Primary Structure of Neocarzinostatin Using the Combination of Endopeptidase, Carboxypeptidase Y and Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hirayama Kazuo , Ando Toshihiko , Takahashi Rei , Murai Asao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The amino acid sequence of antitumor protein neocarzinostatin was revised and confirmed on the basis of mass spectrometric studies. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric experiments on neocarzinostatin and its tryptic, chymotryptic, staphylococcal protease, and carboxypeptidase Y digested peptides gave the molecular weights of various peptides and, in some cases, partial sequence information. These experiments gave a revised sequence, Glu(105)–Pro(106) to Pro(105)–Glu(106) and Asp(60) to Asn(60). The peptide fragments produced by these endopeptidase cleavage completely covered the full sequence of neocarzinostatin. Thirty-five of the 113 amino acids were determined by the carboxypeptidase Y digestion.
Nature of Substituent Effect of Nitro and Methoxyl Group on Photocycloaddition of Polymethylene Dicinnamates
Authors: Kuzuya Masayuki , Yokota Naohisa , Noguchi Akihiro , Okuda Takachiyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nature of the nitro substituent effect and topotactic assistance by the polymethylene chain of polymethylene dicinnamates upon the rate of photocyclization and the stereochemistry of photoproducts have been explored, in comparison with the similar effect of a methoxyl substituent; a striking rate enhancement and stereospecificity of the photoproduct were observed on a trimethylene dicinnamate derivative. However, the detailed study of the stereochemical course of the photoproduct has revealed that the dependence of the topotactic assistance of nitro derivatives on the polymethylene chain length largely differs from that of methoxy derivatives. Based on the results of the CNDO/S-CI excited state calculation of the model compounds, it is concluded that the acceleration character of the nitro substituent is mainly due to the odd electron density at the reaction site, i.e. the olefinic double bond; it is not due to the facile exciplex formation on the excited singlet state, unlike that of a methoxyl substituent.
Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Complex Formation of Nickel(II) with Carboxylate Ligands at High Pressure. III. Nickel(II) Malonate and Nickel(II) Tartronate
Authors: Kojima Kiyotaka , Inoue Tohru , Izaki Michiko , Shimozawa Ryosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Kinetic and equilibrium measurements were carried out for the complexation reaction of nickel(II) malonate and nickel(II) tartronate in an aqueous solution at 20 °C and at pressures up to 100 MPa. The reaction volume, ΔV0, and the activation volume, ΔVf*, for the complex formation were estimated from the pressure dependence of the stability constant and the rate constant. The results are as follows: ΔV0=13.5±1.0 cm3 mol−1 and ΔVf*=14.7±0.5 cm3 mol−1 for nickel(II) malonate, and ΔV0=13.3±0.7 cm3 mol−1 and ΔVf*=15.2±0.5 cm3 mol−1 for nickel(II) tartronate. The larger ΔV0 value compared with those obtained for dicarboxylate ligands which form a monodentate complex coincides with that malonate and tartronate form a chelate complex with nickel(II) in an aqueous solution. By appropriately estimating the volume changes associated with the outer-sphere complex formation and first-bond formation, the overall volume profile for the complexation reaction was obtained. A Similar feature regarding the volume profile for the complexation of nickel(II) malonate and nickel(II) tartronate suggests that tartronate forms a bidentate chelate complex by two carboxyl groups rather than by carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.
Synthesis of 6-Amino-6-deoxy-l-idopyranosides
Authors: Matsuda Keiji , Tsuchiya Tsutomu , Torii Takahiro , Umezawa Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl 6-amino-6-deoxy-α- and -β-l-idopyranosides have been prepared from 3-O-acetyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-d-glucofuranose via 5,6-anhydro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-l-idofuranose and the azide product derived from it. Isopropyl 6-amino-6-deoxy-α- and -β-l-idopyranosides were prepared from 6-azido-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-α-l-idopyranosyl chloride and 2-propanol. Nonprotected α- and β-l-idopyranosides were distinguished by their J1,2 proton couplings.
New Synthesis and Some Reactions of Vinyl Arenecarbodithioates. Wittig Reaction of (Triphenylphosphonio)methyl Arenecarbodithioate Iodides
Authors: Ishida Masaru , Kaga Koh-ichi , Sato Hiroyuki , Yokoi Masato , Kato Shinzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Wittig reaction of new phosphonium salts, (triphenylphosphonio)methyl arenecarbodithioate iodides, with variety of aldehydes gave the corresponding vinyl arenecarbodithioates in moderate to good yields. Reaction of the vinyl dithiocarboxylate with nucleophiles such as potassium alkoxide or alkanethiolate was investigated and found to give the thioacylated products in high yields. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations of the model compound, vinyl dithioformate, are also discussed.
Spectrophotometric and Analogue Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Chromium(III) with 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)phenol
Authors: Shijo Yoshio , Sakai Kaoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of chromium(III) with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)phenol (5-Br-PAPS) is described. 5-Br-PAPS reacts with chromium(III) to form a 1:2 (metal:ligand) complex in weakly acidic media upon heating at 95 °C. The complex has an absorption maxima at 592 nm and gives a constant absorbance in the pH range of 3.4–6.2. The molar absorptivity and sensitivity for an absorbance of 0.001 are 8.94×104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 and 0.58 ng cm−2 respectively. The complex, once formed, is not decomposed by the addition of trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA). Thus, the selectivity of the method can be increased by the use of CDTA as a masking agent. The sensitivity of the method can be increased by employing analogue-derivative spectrophotometry, chromium(III) determination at parts-per-billion levels being feasible.
Nucleophilic Ring-Substitution Reactions of Unsymmetrical Quadridentate Schiff Base and Its Complex of Nickel(II) or Copper(II) with Ethyl Mercaptoacetate
Authors: Kasuga Kuninobu , Kuramitsu Hiroshi , Kadowaki Mayumi , Nagahara Takeo , Yamamoto Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nucleophilic replacement of halogen on the methine carbon of a Schiff base complex of nickel(II) or copper(II) by ethyl mercaptoacetate in dichloromethane proceeds via a four-centered intermediate, in which two polarizable atoms, such as bromine and sulfur, may stabilize strained bond angles. In the case of a free Schiff base ligand, a relatively stable adduct was spectrophotometrically confirmed. The adduct is thought to have a configuration analogous to that of a spiro compound containing a five-membered ring. Free ligands show no absorption bands in the wavelength region longer than 340 nm, while the adduct shows band at 375 nm assignable to a n-π* transition.
13C NMR Study of the Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing Ethylenediamine-N-acetate (edma): [Co(edma)2]+ and [Co(ida)(edma)]
Authors: Ama Tomoharu , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Yasui Takaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 13C NMR chemical shifts of the glycinate ring (G-ring) carbons of edma’s in the six geometrical isomers of [Co(edma)2]+ were measured. It was shown that the trans ligands and chelation form (meridional or facial form) influence the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the G-ring carbons in the same way as the magnetic anisotropy generated on the cobalt(III) center does. The chemical shifts of the ethylenediamine ring (E-ring) carbons of coordinating edma’s were also influenced by the trans ligands and the chelation form, similarly to those of the G-ring carbons. Four geometrical isomers of [Co(ida)(edma)] were newly prepared and their structural assignments were made according to their 13C NMR behavior.
The Chromatographic Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Cations on Crown Ether-Modified Silica Gels and Polymer Matrices
Authors: Iwachido Tadashi , Naito Hirohiko , Samukawa Fumihiko , Ishimaru Kenji , Tôei Kyoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Alkali and alkaline earth metal cations were chromatographed over silica gels and polymer matrices which had been modified by the addition of benzo-15-crown-5, benzo-18-crown-6, and benzo-21-crown-7, using water as the mobile phase. The retention sequences of the cations agreed closely with the stability sequences of the corresponding crown-ether complexes. The best separation was attained on the silica gels modified by the use of benzo-18-crown-6. The retention times increased in this sequence: Li+&lt;Na+&lt;Rb+&lt;Cs+&lt;K+; Mg2+&lt;Ca2+&lt;Sr2+&lt;Ba2+. The retention sequences on the benzo-15-crown-5 and benzo-21-crown-7 columns were Li+&lt;Na+≈Cs+&lt;Rb+&lt;K+ and Li+≈Na+&lt;K+&lt;Rb+≈Cs+ respectively. The resin-based columns showed similar retention sequences, but were inferior in their separation ability to the silica-based ones. The retention times were affected by many factors, such as the cation concentration, the species of the counter anions, the kind and composition of the second solvents in the mixed mobile phase, and the column temperature.
Potentiometric and Calorimetric Studies on Formation of Glycinato Complexes of Nickel(II) in Water and in an Aqueous Dioxane Solution
Authors: Ishiguro Shin-ichi , Pithprecha Taweesri , Ohtaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Protonation equilibria of glycinate (gly−) ion and complex formation equilibria between nickel(II) and glycinate ions have been studied by potentiometry and calorimetry in water and in 0.2 mole fraction (55.0%w/w) dioxane–water mixture, each containing 3 mol dm−3 LiClO4 as a constant ionic medium at 25 °C. A series of mononuclear complexes, [NiLn](2−n)+ (L−=gly− and n=1–3) were found in both solutions and their formation constants, enthalpies and entropies were determined. It elucidated that the stepwise Gibbs energies of formation of the metal complexes varied in the sequence, ΔG1°&lt;ΔG2°&lt;ΔG3°, and the stepwise enthalpies, ΔH1°&gt;ΔH2°&gt;ΔH3°, and thus, the stepwise entropies markedly decreased in the order, ΔS1°&gt;ΔS2°&gt;ΔS3°. The result was discussed in relation to changes in the metal–water and metal–ligand bond lengths within [NiLn(H2O)6−2n](2−n)+ (n=1–3) with n. As to the solvent effects, the formation constants of each metal complex increased with the addition of dioxane to water, the increase was caused by both enthalpies and entropies of formation of the complexes, the former mainly contributing to the formation of [NiL2] and the latter to [NiL]+ and [NiL3]−. The Gibbs energies of transfer of single species from water to the dioxane–water mixture were also evaluated. The enthalpy and entropy of transfer of any ionic species mostly compensated each other, so that the Gibbs energies of transfer of ions were rather small.