bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Antibiotics and Related Substances. V. Synthesis of 5-Methylenecyclopentanone-3-carboxylic Acid, an Antitumor Isomer of Sarkomycin
Authors: Umezawa Sumio , Kinoshita Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) 5-(Dimethylaminomethyl)cyclopentanone-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (I) has been synthesized from cyclopentanone-3-carboxylic acid by means of the Mannich reaction.
2) Methyl 5-(dimethylaminomethyl)cyclopentanone-3-carboxylate hydrochloride (II) has been degraded to give methyl 5-methylenecyclopentanone-3 -carboxylate (III), which has been hydrolyzed into 5-methylenecyclopentanone-3-carboxylic acid (IV), an isomer of sarkomycin.
3) The structures of III and IV have been proven.
4) It has been found that III possesses significant antitumor and antibacterial activities and IV shows also antibacterial activities.
Effect of Emulsifier upon the Compositions of Emulsion Copolymers of Acrylonitrile and Water-soluble Monomers
Authors: Uchida Moriya , Nagao Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The following facts are found from emulsion copolymerizations of acrylonitrile and water soluble monomers such as methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate.
(1) The compositions of copolymer are independent of the concentration of the emulsifiers used.
(2) The monomer-polymer composition curve of emulsion copolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate is made consistent with that of bulk copolymerization, when the composition of emulsion oil phace is used in place of that of the monomer.
(3) The monomer-polymer composition curves of emulsion copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate or methyl acrylate fall on that of bulk copolymerization.
The Adsorption of Non-polar Gases on Alkali Halide Crystals. IV Calculations of the Adsorption Behaviour of Non-polar Gases on Cubic Potassium Chloride and Cubic Potassium Bromide
Authors: Hayakawa Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The potential energy of each isolated atom or molecule (argon, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide) adsorbed on the (100) plane of cubic potassium chloride and cubic potassium bromide has been theoretically calculated at four representative positions on the surface.
According to the present theoretical calculations, it seems reasonable to consider that the high initial heat of adsorption experimentally found for nitrogen or carbon dioxide is mainly attributed to the quadrupole interaction of each molecule with the surface of the crystals. The present results suggest that the surface may be influenced by the different types of the surface heterogeneity due to the defects of the crystals and the distribution of sites grouped in patches. The present theoretical calculations also suggest that adsorbed atoms or molecules of these non-polar gases easily migrate two-dimen-sionally. These results on the surface migration are qualitatively in good agreement with the experimental entropy curves.
The Adsorption of Non-polar Gases on Alkali Halide Crystals. V. The Low-temperature Adsorption of Non-polar Gases on Cubic Potassium Bromide
Authors: Hayakawa Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The low-temperature adsorption of non-polar gases (argon, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide) on cubic potassium bromide was investigated. According to the results of the present experiments and the theoretical calculations given in the preceding paper, the high initial heat of adsorption experimentally found for nitrogen or carbon dioxide is mainly attributed to the quadrupole interaction of each molecule with the surface of the crystal. The present results also indicate that the non-uniformity of the surface is considerably predominant at lower coverage and this is partly attributed to the lattice imperfection and the defects of the crystals.
According to the present results on the entropies of the adsorbed atoms or molecules, the adsorbed phase of argon has the nature of the two-dimensional gas at least in the range of θ=0.3–0.9, while the adsorbed phase of oxygen or nitrogen shows a similar nature in the range of θ=0.3–0.8. The present results suggest that the phase change of argon from a gaseous film to a condensed film has occurred at about θ=0.9. In the case of oxygen or nitrogen, it is also suggested that the phase change of each adsorbed phase from a gaseous film to a condensed film has occurred at about θ=0.8.
The Adsorption of Non-polar Gases on Alkali Halide Crystals. VI(1). The Low-temperature Adsorption of Non-polar Gases on Octahedral Potassium Chloride
Authors: Hayakawa Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The low-temperature adsorption of non-polar gases on octahedral potassium chloride was studied. The present results were compared with those already obtained for cubic potassium chloride.
2. The initial heats of adsorption of non-polar gases on the (111) plane of potassium chloride are all considerably greater than the corresponding values on the (100) plane.
3. The surface heterogeneity due to the imperfection of the crystal for octahedral potassium chloride is more predominant than that for cubic crystals.
4. The present results on the isosteric heat of adsorption and the entropies of the adsorbed phase indicate that the low-temperature adsorption of non-polar gases on the (111) plane of potassium chloride is practically localized.
Amino Acid Synthesis from Nitromalonic Ester. II. Synthesis of Proline and Glutamic-γ-semialdehyde
Authors: Okuda Tôru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. A synthesis of Dl-proline from diethyl nitromalonate and acrolein by intramolecular reductive alkylation is described.
2. A new method for preparation of the dimethyl acetal of glutamic-γ-semialdehyde from the same starting materials in an over-all yield of 38% (based on diethyl nitromalonate) is also presented.
Hydrogen Bonding Effect on the Fluorescence of Some Nitrogen Heterocycles. I
Authors: Mataga Noboru , Tsuno Shizuyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The hydrogen bonding effect on the fluorescence of quinoline and acridine was studied in non-polar solvent mixed with various proton donors.
2. The equilibrium constants of hydrogen bonding calculated from the absorption and fluorescence data were the same for these molecules, in contradistinction to the case of naphthols. Possible mechanisms for this experimental fact were proposed.
3. The larger the relative fluorescenceyields of hydrogen bonded nitrogen heterocycles become, the stronger the donating powers of proton donors are, and from this fact, discussions were given on the role of non-bonding electrons in the inner-quenching of these molecules.
4. The difference between quinoline and acridine in their fluorescence quenching caused by the existence of a halogen atom was ascribed to the different emitting π-electronic states in these molecules (1Lb in quinoline, 1La in acridine), and some considerations by means of analogy to the π-electronic structures of aromatic hydrocarbons were given.
An Electron Diffraction Investigation of the Molecular Structure of 1,4-Dichlorobutyne. II. A Study of Internal Rotation by Use of Halos in Small Angle Region
Authors: Kuchitsu Kôzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The internal rotation of l,4-dichloro-2-butyne was investigated by the sector-microphotometer method of electron diffraction, examining the region of smaller scattering angles (q\lesssim15) ; photographs taken at a long camera length were analyzed using a criterion that the “background function” should have no sudden fluctuation. Free internal rotation is in good agreement with the observed scattering data, and a high potential barrier is inconsistent.
On the Thermal Dissociation of Organic Compounds. XII. The Effects of the Substituents on the Thermal Dissociation of Substituted Phenylureas
Authors: Ozaki Shoichiro , Nagoya Tsutomu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Eleven new ureas of the type, 1,1-diethyl-3-arylureas and 1-pentyl-3-arylureas were synthesized. The rate constants and ρ values of thermal dissociation of these ureas in fatty acids were determined. In 1,1-diethyl-3-arylureas, the ρ value of the dissociation reaction at 95°C. in chloro-acetic acid was −0.196, and it may be concluded that the protonation process seems to be the rate-determining step in the dissociation reaction of ureas in fatty acid. The activation energy was compared with those of other ureas.
Sedimentation of Spheres in a Suspension of Finite Concentration
Authors: Noda Haruhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Experiments were performed in order to find out the relation between the volume fraction concentration and the sedimentation coefficient in a suspension of spheres. The polystyrene latex suspension, Dow Latex 580 G, was used as the suspension of spheres of known hydrodynamic properties. No theoretical equation proposed in the past corresponds well with the experimental result obtained here. Therefore an experimental equation,
S_0=S{1+φ^2/3/(1-φ^1/3)^2(1+2φ^1/3)}
is proposed. Using this equation the amount of solvation in solution of some proteins and other molecules was calculated. The amount of solvation found is nearly enough to explain the frictional ratio for such molecules.
Studies on Azeotropic Mixtures. III. Physical Basis of Azeotropic Correlation Rules
Authors: Yoshimoto Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The physical meaning of four empirical correlation rules of azeotropic data, i.e. two types of Lecat’s, Denyer et al.’s and Skolnik’s rules, is clarified simultaneously with their mutual relations, by using the equations derived in part I and the assumption of constancy of molecular interchange energy for homologous azeotropes found in part II of the series of this study. The theoretically derived equations by Kuhn et al. are also given as a limiting case of ours.
Bromometric Oxidation of Red Phosphorus by Bromide Bromate Mixtures
Authors: Venugopalan M , George K J 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bromometric oxidation of red phosphorus using an acid solution of bromide-bromate mixture has been studied and applied in the volumetric determination of red phosphorus. The kinetics of the oxidation process show that the reaction is of the second order. The influence of temperature and concentration of the reactants, have been investigated and the energy of activation calculated. Further the applicability of this procedure for a bromometric determination of red phosphorus is emphasized and such determinations can be carried out over a period of three to four hours.
Studies on Antibiotics and Related Substances. VI. Configurations of Isomeric O-Methylphenylserines and a New Route for the Synthesis of Chloramphenicol
Authors: Suami Tetsuo , Umezawa Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Dl-threo-O-Methylphenylserine has been isolated through its N-formyl derivative from the diastereomeric mixture of O-methylphenylserines which was prepared by the route of Van Loon and Carter.
(2) Dl-threo-O-Methylphenylserine has been led to Dl-threo-2-amino-1-p-nitrophe-nyl-1,3-propanediol and further to Dl-chloramphenicol.
(3) The other diastereomer of O-methylphenylserine (m. p. 251–253°C) has been led to Dl-erythro-2-amino-1-p-nitrophenyl-l,3-propanediol hydrochloride.
(4) Several derivatives of the diastereomers of O-methylphenylserine and O-methylphenylserinol have been described.
Dielectric Investigation on Coals. III. On a Variety of Coals
Authors: Miyasita Isao , Higasi Keniti , Kugo Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By using a method of paraffin-wax mixture dielectric constants were determined for a variety of coals including five specimens from foreign sources. It was found that dielectric constants of lower rank coals are generally higher than those of bituminous coals of higher rank. Large difference in dielectric behavior was detected among the coal specimens (C % 87–90) from different sources. The present dielectric measurement supported the view that the nature of Japanese coals is particular as compared with European and American coals.
Anton Exchange Adsorption of Some Metals from Mixed Solvents
Authors: Yoshino Yukichi , Kurimura Yoshimi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) It was found that the addition of some organic solvents such as methanolethanol, n-propanol and acetone to the hydrochloric acid solution of zinc(II) and copper(II) increases the anion exchange adsorption of the elements in the range of relatively low hydrochloric acid concentrations (less than 2 m). In the 0.1 m hydrochloric acid solution, the straight line relation between log Kd and concentration of organic solvent was observed up to ca. 60 %.
2) In the case of copper(II), this effect of increasing the adsorbability was observed up to higher hydrochloric acid concentrations i.e., at least 8 m, which seems to reflect that the adsorption maximum occurs at a higher hydrochloric acid concentration than in the case of Zn(II).
3) It was suggested that these solvent effects may be, as a first approximation, explained by the increase in the formation of negatively charged chloride complexes of the metals as a consequence of the decrease in the tendency for solvation of metallic ions in mixed solvents.
Solvent Selectivity of Liquid Ammonia for Pure HydrocarbonsTie-Line Data and Comparison of Selectivity with Other Solvents
Authors: Ishida Kiyoharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Equilibria for the systems n-hexanebenzene-liquid ammonia (20°C), cyclohexane-benzene-liquid ammonia (20°C and 0°C), and ethylbenzene-styrene-liquid ammonia (0°C and −15.5°C) were determined. It was shown that the ability of a solvent would be most practically compared by the product of the maximum value of selectivity and the maximum concentration of the solute in the extract, i. e. maximum separation factor. Selectivity and solvent power of some solvents were compared by this definition and it was recognized that liquid ammonia is comparable to diethyleneglycol as a solvent for the separation of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic or olefinic hydro-carbons, rather than liquid sulfur dioxide.
Polarography of Bis(nitrophenyl)arsinic Acids
Authors: Maruyama Masao , Furuya Toshiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Polarographic behavior of the six isomers of bis(nitrophenyl)arsinic acid was considered and the waves can roughly be divided into 1st and 2nd waves in acid range at the dropping mercury electrode.
2) The limiting current is controlled by the diffusion process and the Ilkovic equation is applicable.
3) The electrolytic reduction mechanisms of the 1st and 2nd waves are considered to be in the following manner, taking that of 4,4′-bis(nitropenyl)arsinic acid as an example: (see the figure of the preceding page).
4) By the utilization of the 1st wave, polarography can be used for the determination of bis(nitrophenyl)arsinic acids, especially those with the nitro group in 2-position.
Polarography of Bis(aminophenyl)arsinic Acids, Phenylarsonic Acid and Arsanilic Acids
Authors: Maruyama Masao , Furuya Toshiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Polarographic behaviors of bis(aminophenyl)arsinic acids, phenylarsonic acid and arsanilic acids, were examined with dropping mercury electrode.
2) The reduction wave of bis(aminophenyl)arsinic acids appearing on the acid side is an irreversible three-electron reduction and this reduction mechanism is considered to be of the following type.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
3) An assumption was forwarded in the preceding paper that the 2nd wave shown by bis(nitrophenyl)arsinic acids on the acid side may contain a reduction wave owing to the reduction of arsenic and that it is more likely to be a three-electron rather than a 4-electron reduction. The foregoing results obtained with bis(aminophenyl)arsinic acids suggest that it would be more appropriate to consider an irreversible, three-electron reduction.
4) The reduction waves shown by phenylarsonic acid and arsanilic acids on the acid side are an irreversible, four-electron reduction and the reduction mechanism may be assumed as follows:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
5) Compounds like phenylarsinic acid (IX) do not exhibit a reduction wave at the dropping mercury electrode.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
6) Summarizing the foregoing facts, it may be concluded that these organic arsenic compounds which show a reduction wave at the dropping mercury electrode are quiquevalent arsenic compounds, the reduction wave is that of quinquevalent to tervalent, and that the compounds not possessing As=O are not reduced.
7) The limiting current of these compounds in the acid side is controlled by the diffusion process and is in proportiona.1 relationship with the concentration, so that it can be utilized for quantitative analysis.
Studies on the Mechanism of Eder’s Reaction. I. Inducing Photochemical Reaction of Manganese (II) -Oxalate System
Authors: Sakuraba Shukichi , Ikeya Shozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Manganese(II)-oxalate is formed in the solution containing the manganese(II) and the oxalate ion and is activated by the ultraviolet absorption. The presence of this active manganese(II)-oxalate was supported by the reducing power towards mercury(II) ions and by the spectrophoto- metric measurement. This active manganese(II)-oxalate reacts with oxygen and hydrogen ion to form hydrogen peroxide and manganese(III) oxalate complex.
The photochemical catalytic action of the manganese(II) ion upon formation of hydrogen peroxide in an oxalic acid solution appears to be due to the activation of manganese(II)-oxalate molecule.
Studies on the Chemical Constitution of Agar-agar. XIX. Pyruvic Acid as a Constituent of Agar-agar (Part 1). Identification and Estimation of Pyruvic Acid in the Hydrolysate of Agar
Authors: Hirase Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Pyruvic acid has been isolated as its 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone from the hydrolysate of agar for the first time.
2. Quantitative determination has indicated that the content of pyruvic acid is 1.06% of agar or one residue for every fifty one hexose residues.
3. It has been suggested that pyruvic acid would be an intrinsic constituent of agar.
4. Several polysaccharides other than agar have been examined, but none of them produced pyruvic acid on hydrolysis.
Oxidimetric and Reductometric Titrations in Neutral Solutions. (Application of Sodium Triphosphate as Masking Agent to Volumetric Analysis.)
Authors: Suzuki Susumu , Harimaya Kenji , Ueno Morio , Tsuji Nobuo , Yamaoka Noriko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Antimony(III), arsenic(III), chromium(II), iron(II), molybdenum(V), selenium(IV), thallium(I), titanium(III) and vanadium(IV) are titrated in neutral solutions with oxidizing standard solutions, chromate,bromate, hypobromite, permanganate, and vanadate solution, in the presence of triphosphate. A few of these elements, chromium(II), iron(II), titanium(III) and vanadium(IV) in their mixture are also determined.
On the other hand, cerium(IV), hypobromite, chromate, triiodide, permanganate, vanadate and hydrogen peroxide, are titrated with reducing standard solutions, chromium(II), iron(II), titanium(III), and vanadyl solution containing triphosphate. Some of them in mixtures are also determined.
Sedimentation and Diffusion Studies of Calf Thymus Histone
Authors: Ui Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two fractions of calf thymus histone, histone I and histone II, were examined by sedimentation and diffusion. Histone I was ultracentrifugally homogeneous in the buffer solutions below pH 7, but showed the presence of an aggregate above pH 7. The sedimentation constant (at infinite dilution) of histone I was calculated to be 2.03 S in an acetate buffer of pH 5.0 at ionic strength of 0.2. The homogeneity of this sample was also confirmed by diffusion experiments in the same buffer, and 5.13×10−7cm2/sec., was obtained as the diffusion constant. Combining the values of sedimentation and diffusion constants as well as the value of partial specific volume, 0.74, the molecular weight was calculated to be 37,000.
Histone II was also found to be homogeneous by sedimentation and diffusion measurements in the acetate buffer of pH 5.0. Its sedimentation constant, diffusion constant, and molecular weight were calculated as 0.66 S, 7.30×10−7cm2/sec., and 8,400, respectively.
Electrophoretic Studies of Calf Thymus Histone
Authors: Ui Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electrophoretic studies were made on histone I, the main fraction of calf thymus histone, at various ionic strengths, pH’s and temperatures. It was found that at least three components are present in this fraction.
Histone II, the other fraction, was electrophoretically not homogeneous either. One main and three minor components were found to exist, and their mobilities differed from that of any component of histone I.
Studies on Inorganic Constituents in Biological Materials.—On the Inorganic Constituents in Human Stones
Authors: Ohta Naoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Quantitative analyses of major constituents (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium) and heavy metal constituents (iron, copper, zinc, lead and manganese) were made on human stones (gallstone, urinary and pancreatic calculus) and their respective humours (blood, bile and urine). Then the distribution of these elements and the mutual relations present among them were discussed.
(1) According to the process of formation of gallstone (blood→bile→gallstone), the concentration of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus increases, while that of sodium and potassium decreases in case of major constituents, On the other hand, the concentration of heavy metal constituents, copper, zinc, lead and manganese increases. The concentration of iron decreases in the process of blood→bile and then increases again in the process of bile→a gallstone, whilst copper is extremely concentrated throughout these processes.
(2) In the process of urine→urinary calculus, each of major constituents increases; calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are extraordinarily concentrated, and heavy metal constituents also increase zinc is especially the most abundant of all. The correlation between lead and the calcification phenomenon in biological materials is observed, for lead indicates the highest concentration ratio in every case of gallstones (203 times that of bile) and urinary calculi (500 times that of urine).
(3) Pancreatic calculi differ greatly from the other stones, as their major constituents are calcium carbonate and they contain but little of the other constituents. Among heavy metals, zinc and lead are contained in a relatively high quantity; it seems that special connections exist between zinc and Insulin and between zinc and Carbonic anhydrase.
(4) The internal portion of a gallstone that is of layer structure contains a greater quantity of heavy metals than the external portion.
Oxidation of Chromia Supported on Alumina
Authors: Matsunaga Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxidation of chromia supported on gamma- and alpha-alumina at room temperature, 250, 350 and 450°C was examined by chemical and magnetic method. The mean oxidation number of chromium in the oxidized catalyst samples was determined as a function of the concentration of chromium. In the extreme case, infinite two-dimensional dilution of chromium, it was shown that chromia is oxidized completely to chromic anhydride. This chemical change is in sharp contrast to our knowledge of the thermal decomposition of chromic anhydride. The remarkable property of supported chromia to suffer oxidation was attributed to the relative importance of surface oxidation and explained nearly quantitatively by comparing it with the conclusion deduced from the susceptibility composition isotherm method developed by Selwood and his coworkers. Therefore, the study of oxidation of the chromia-alumina catalyst system by chemical analysis seems to be useful to the same degree as the magnetic method proposed by Selwood and more convenient for deducing the dispersed structure of supported chromia. Finally the condition of preparing the catalyst sample which has the greatest surface area of chromia per gram of catalyst was examined in reference to the above-mentioned conclusion.