bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sticking and Agglomeration of Hygroscopic, Amorphous Carbohydrate and Food Powders
Authors: Wallack David A. , King C. Judson 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSticking temperatures as a function of moisture content have been measured for various hygroscopic powders by use of a closed and agitated vessel held in a temperature bath. Earlier results reported by Downton, et al., for a mixture of sucrose and fructose have been extended to cover coffee extract and a mixture of maltodextrin, sucrose, and fructose. Results for these various substances are interpreted in terms of the Frenkel model and approximation, which postulate that these phenomena occur by a coalescence process, driven by surface energy and accomplished through viscous flow. The size of the interparticle bridge required for sticking is an important parameter in the analysis, and has been measured through use of scanning electron microscopy.
Computer Simulation of Potato Processing
Authors: Kozempel M. , Craig J. C. , Sullivan J. F. , Damert W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe ERRC food process simulator computer program is described. With the potato flake process as a prototype, we show that the simulation computer program predicts composition and texture. It is written in a user friendly Fortran, requiring no Fortran knowledge by the user and can be used with an IBM* compatible PC. The program can be expanded, with appropriate models, to other food processes.
The Effect of Sugars on β‐Lactamase Aggregation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bowden Gregory A. , Georgiou George 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOverproduction of the secreted protein β‐lactamase in Escherichia coli results in the formation of inclusion bodies in the periplasmic space. The aggregation of β‐lactamase was inhibited when non‐metabolizable sugars, such as sucrose and raffinose, were added into the growth medium. A four‐fold increase in the amount of soluble protein was obtained under optimal conditions. The mechanism for the inhibition of protein aggregation was investigated. Addition of 0.3M sucrose decreased the rate of processing of the β‐lactamase precursor, causing its transient accumulation within the cell.
A Simplified Model for Protein Inclusion in Reverse Micelles SANS Measurements as a Control Test
Authors: Caselli M. , Maestro M. , Morea G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA short time ago a simplified model for inclusion of protein molecules in reverse micelles (r.m.) was presented [1]. The model was originally worked out in order to rationalize the protein extraction process [2, 3], but it has subsequently adapted [4] for dealing with systems obtained by injection technique [3].The results concerning the ultracentrifugation double‐dye experiments by Zampieri, et al. [5] have been used as a test for the model. The calculated values for the observables show a very good agreement with the experiments.
Microbial Desulfurization of Coals by Organisms of The Genus Pseudomonas
Authors: Rai Charanjit , Reyniers Jon P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPreliminary laboratory results on microbial processing of coals and lignites by the organisms of the genus Pseudomonas show that P. putida was much more effective than P. aeruginosa in removing the sulfur compounds present in the coals. P. putida reduced the pyritic sulfur by 75% and the organic sulfur by 37.4% from the Texas lignites in 5–7 days for particle sizes varying from 74μm to 295 μm. Preliminary screening of other enzymatic activities indicated some differences between the two microorganisms that could help explain observed differences in their activities towards desulfurization of coals and lignites. The slurry pipeline could be used as a biological plug‐flow reactor under aerobic conditions for microbial desulfurization of Texas lignites and coals.
A Transport Controlled Bioreactor for the Simultaneous Production and Concentration of Xanthan Gum
Authors: Robinson David K. , Wang Daniel I. C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe microbial production of a biopolymer, xanthan gum, was used to demonstrate that transport resistances inherent in immobilized cell systems can be exploited to concentrate macromolecular products within the porous support matrix. Mathematical models were developed to predict the diffusional limitations responsible for concentrating the xanthan internally in the immobilization matrix. However, total xanthan accumulation is very sensitive to oxygen transport limitations. Therefore, immobilized cell fermentations were conducted with the external oxygen concentration controlled at different levels. In agreement with model simulations, xanthan accumulated to the greatest extent in the absence of oxygen transport limitations, reaching a final internal concentration of 55 kg/m3‐pore volume. In comparable free‐cell fermentations, the maximum achievable xanthan concentration was only 35 kg/m3.
Use of Precipitation to Alter Flux and Fouling Performance in Cheese Whey Ultrafiltration
Authors: Kaiser J. M. , Glatz C. E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwo limitations to the flux rate in ultrafiltration (UF) of cheese whey are fouling and concentration polarization. An attempt was made to improve flux rates by a pretreatment to reduce the level of soluble proteins in the UF feed. The resistances to permeate flux and long‐term fouling behavior for the various feed components for both acid and sweet (Cheddar) wheys was examined.The rate of fouling could be reduced for the sweet whey by precipitation, but no improvement over simple pH adjustment was observed for acid whey.
Affinity Cross‐Flow Filtration: Experimental and Modeling Work Using the System of HSA and Cibacron Blue‐Agarose
Authors: Herak David C. , Merrill Edward W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA theoretical approach to the prediction of the performance of batch operation of affinity cross‐flow filtration (ACFF) for the separation of biomolecules is presented. The model applies general affinity theory to the ACFF system. Experiments were conducted using the affinity system of Cibacron Blue‐agarose and human serum albumin (HSA). The predictions of the model agree well with the experimental results. The slow kinetics of release of the adsorbed protein during the washing stage can be utilized to minimize the loss of this protein.
Characterization of an Immobilized Biocatalyst System for Production of Thermostable Amylase
Authors: Glassner David A. , Grulke Eric A. , Oriel Patrick J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn immobilized biocatalyst system for enzyme production using a thermophilic organism is described. Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 29609) immobilized on Rohm and Haas IRA–938 ion exchange resin was utilized for the production of a highly thermostable α‐amylase in a bench scale airlift fermentor. The equilibrium between suspended bacterial cells and the resin fit a Langmuir‐type sorption isotherm. Cell and α‐amylase productivity data for free cell and immobilized cell continuous culture were compared as functions of the dilution rate. Cell growth rates for free and immobilized cells were consistent with the Monod kinetic model, α‐Amylase production for free cells was described by an unstructured model associated with cell growth. The immobilized cell systems gave higher α‐amylase productivity than the free cell system but did not achieve the productivities predicted by the unstructured kinetic model.
Ice Cream Components Prepared With Ultrafiltration And Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Authors: Garcia Albert , Medina Benjamin , Verhoek Nico , Moore Patricia 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIce cream manufacturers now have the option of using membrane‐based units rather than flash evaporation towers to concentrate milk. This study investigates the manufacture of ice cream using different membrane methods and compares the oricesses to the current industry practice.
Stability of Cytochrome P‐450 Enzyme and the Dehalogenation Activity in Resting Cultures of Pseudomonas putida PpG 786
Authors: Vilker Vincent L. , Khan Fatima 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe activity of resting cultures of P. putida PpG 786 for dehalogenating trace levels of the substrate 1,2‐dibromo‐3‐chloropropane (DBCP) was examined as a function of the intracellular concentration of the enzyme cytochrome P‐450cam monooxygenase. The stability of both the intracellular enzyme concentration and dehalogenation activity were shown to decline when the resting cultures were aged up to 48 hours at room temperature.Activity was retained when the cultures were aged to 48 hours at refrigeration temperatures. Dehalogenation activity did not correlate as well with cell viability as with enzyme concentration. DBCP toxicity toward the bacteria was present over the entire substrate concentration range that was investigated, and at about one millimolar initial DBCP concentration, dehalogenation activity was almost completely lost.
Continuous Cell Debris Filtration Using A Magnetically Stabilized Fluidized Bed
Authors: Terranova Brenda E. , Burns Mark A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB) is capable, unlike most column operations, of handling streams with suspended particles. The MSFB has the contacting properties of a packed bed and the fluidity of a fluidized bed. When cell debris is fed into the column, either filtration or passage of the debris can be obtained depending on the bed height, solids velocity, pH, and liquid composition. Removal rates from as high as 99% to as low as 5% have been observed. The controlling mechanism of filtration appears to be an electrostatic adsorption of the debris onto the surface of the support. Debris/debris adhesion also affects filtration.
Concentration of Bioparticles by Axial Migration in Laminar Flow
Authors: Rakow A. L. , Chappell M. L. , Long R. L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDilute suspensions of Spirulina microalgae were pumped in laminar flow thru a 650‐micron diameter vertically mounted tube. Photographs of the tube bore at various downstream positions from the entrance at different Reynolds numbers indicate significant migration of the particles. Equilibrium radial position appears to be established within 30 cm from the tube entrance. A concentrated region of particles occupies a decreasing cross‐sectional area as the Reynolds number increases. Based on an order argument involving a balance between inertial and viscous forces, a relationship is established between the diameter of the concentrated particle region (dimensionless) and the tube Reynolds number, which provides a good fit of the data. The form is similar to an empirical form for spheres with one major difference: the helical Spirulina particles migrate inward with increasing Reynolds number whereas the spheres migrate outward. Since the Spirulina are individually aligned in the flow direction and since nonrotating spheres are known to migrate inwards, we believe that nonrotation might explain the inward migration. Since the particles migrate to a narrow region around the tube axis, Bioseparation potential is discussed and a comparison is made with microfiltration, which indicates significant advantages for an effective separator based on axial migration.
Phase Partitioning of Biomolecules: Solubilities of Amino Acids
Authors: Chen Chau‐Chyun , Zhu Yizu , Evans Lawrence B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe representation of phase equilibrium for amino acids, peptides, and proteins in solution is an important problem in the design and optimization of downstream processes for recovery of the biomolecules. This paper presents a molecular thermodynamic framework [1, 2] for the representation of the solubilities of amino acids and small peptides. With this framework, satisfactory results have been obtained in representing and predicting the solubilities of amino acids and small peptides in aqueous solution as functions of temperature, ionic strength, dipolar species concentrations, solvent compositions, and pH.
Metabolic Pathway Rates and Fluorescence Measurements During Bioconversions by Non‐Growing Immobilized Clostridium Acetobutylicum
Authors: Reardon Kenneth F. , Bailey James E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMetabolic and physiological aspects of non‐growing calcium alginate‐immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum were investigated in a continuous‐flow reactor system. Changes in metabolic reaction rates and product selectivity were analyzed via metabolic pathway rate analysis, and variations in intracellular NAD(P)H‐dependent fluorescence were monitored using an on‐line fluorometer. In addition, the effects of sporulation were studied by comparing experiments utilizing either a sporulating strain (ATCC 824) or a sporulation mutant (ATCC 39236). In both cases, biocatalytic activity was lost through an initial period of cell lysis; afterwards, the sporulation mutant retained overall activity for a longer time because of the much lower degree of sporulation in this strain. The analysis of metabolic pathway rates in both experiments showed that early formation of solvent products was replaced by acid product formation, that the specific rates of all metabolic reactions were likely enhanced by the release of cytoplasmic compounds from the lysed cells (to a greater extent for the ATCC 824 cells), and that the patterns of specific activity loss were different between the two strains.
An experimental model for assessing fibroblast migration in 3‐D collagen matrices
Authors: Karamichos Dimitris , Lakshman Neema , Petroll W. Matthew 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop and test a novel culture model for studying fibroblast migration in 3‐D collagen matrices. Human corneal fibroblasts were seeded within dense, randomly oriented compressed collagen matrices. A 6 mm diameter button of this cell‐seeded matrix was placed in the middle of an acellular, less dense outer collagen matrix. These constructs were cultured for 1, 3, 5 or 7 days in serum‐free media, 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), or 50 ng/ml PDGF. Constructs were then fixed and labeled with AlexaFluor 546 phalloidin (for f‐actin) and TOTO‐3 (for nuclei). Cell‐matrix interactions were assessed using a combination of fluorescent and reflected light confocal imaging. Human corneal fibroblasts in serum‐free media showed minimal migration into the outer (non‐compressed) matrix. In contrast, culture in serum or PDGF stimulated cell migration. Cell‐induced collagen matrix reorganization in the outer matrix could be directly visualized using reflected light imaging, and was highest following culture in 10% FBS. Cellular contraction in 10% FBS often led to alignment of cells parallel to the outer edge of the inner matrix, similar to the pattern observed during corneal wound healing following incisional surgery. Overall, this 3‐D model allows the effects of different culture conditions on cell migration and matrix remodeling to be assessed simultaneously. In addition, the design allows for ECM density, geometry and mechanical constraints to be varied in a controlled fashion. These initial results demonstrate differences in cell and matrix patterning during migration in response to serum and PDGF. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds in Pyrotechnics: Alkaline Earth Metal Salts of 5,5′‐Hydrazine‐1,2‐diylbis(1H‐tetrazole)
Authors: Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Klapötke Thomas M. , Sabaté Carles Miró 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlkaline earth metal (2: Mg, 3: Ca, 4: Sr, and 5: Ba) salts with the nitrogen‐rich 5,5′‐hydrazine‐1,2‐diylbis(tetrazolate) anion (HBT2–) were synthesized in high purities and yields and fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. In addition, the crystal structures of the new compounds were determined by X‐ray diffraction techniques. Whereas the tetrazole rings in 2 are twisted with respect to one another, as reported for compounds with the same anion, in the heavier‐metal salts 3–5 there exists “apparent coplanarity” between the same rings due to disorder, which is discussed. A detailed description of the structures is given. The compounds, obtained as the hydrated species, are insensitive to friction, shock, and electrostatic discharge (BAM testing), but react vigorously in a flame upon loss of water to give the characteristic flame color for the metal atom. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements showed strong bonding of the water of crystallization, which is lost at temperatures equal to or above 130 °C, and great thermal stabilities with decomposition points above 220 °C without melting. Additionally, loss of water was determined by using thermal gravimetry (TG). Lastly, due to the prospective interest in metal salts containing the HBT2– anion as energetic materials, their constant‐volume energies of combustion were measured experimentally by bomb calorimetry and their heats of formation were back‐calculated from these results. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Loss of NECL1, a novel tumor suppressor, can be restored in glioma by HDAC inhibitor‐Trichostatin A through Sp1 binding site
Authors: Gao Jing , Chen Tao , Liu Jin , Liu Wei , Hu Guangyu , Guo Xiaoxiao , Yin Bin , Gong Yanhua , Zhao Jizong , Qiang Boqin , Yuan Jiangang , Peng Xiaozhong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNectin‐like molecule 1 (NECL1)/CADM3/IGSF4B/TSLL1/SynCAM3 is a neural tissue‐specific immunoglobulin‐like cell–cell adhesion molecule downregulated at the mRNA level in 12 human glioma cell lines. Here we found that the expression of NECL1 was lost in six glioma cell lines and 15 primary glioma tissues at both RNA and protein levels. Re‐expression of NECL1 into glioma cell line U251 would repress cell proliferation in vitro by inducing cell cycle arrest. And also NECL1 could decrease the growth rate of tumors in nude mice in vivo. To further investigate the mechanism why NECL1 was silenced in glioma, the basic promoter region located at −271 to +81 in NECL1 genomic sequence was determined. DNA bisulfite sequencing was performed to study the methylation status of CpG islands in NECL1 promoter; however, no hypermethylated CpG site was found. Additionally, the activity of histone deacetylase (HDACs) in glioma was higher than that in normal brain tissues, and the expression of NECL1 in glioma cell lines could be reactivated by HDACs inhibitor‐Trichostatin A (TSA). So the loss of NECL1 in glioma was at least partly caused by histone deacetylation. Luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) assays indicated that Sp1 played an important role in this process by binding to either HDAC1 in untreated glioma cells or p300/CBP in TSA treated cells. Our finding suggests that NECL1 may act as a tumor suppressor in glioma and loss of it in glioma may be caused by histone deacetylation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ruminative thought style and depressed mood
Authors: Brinker Jay K. , Dozois David J.A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecent research has suggested that the measure most commonly used to assess rumination, the Response Style Questionnaire (RSQ; L. D. Butler & S. Nolen‐Hoeksema, 1994), may be heavily biased by depressive symptoms, thereby restricting the scope of research exploring this construct. This article offers a broader conceptualization of rumination, which includes positive, negative, and neutral thoughts as well as past and future‐oriented thoughts. The first two studies describe the development and evaluation of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTS), a psychometrically sound measure of the general tendency to ruminate. Further, the scale is comprised of a single factor and shows high internal consistency, suggesting that rumination does encompasses the factors mentioned. The final study involved a longitudinal diary investigation of rumination and mood over time. Results suggest that the RTS assesses a related, but separate, construct than does the RSQ. RTS scores predicted future depressed mood beyond the variance accounted for by initial depressed mood whereas RSQ scores did not. The implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–19, 2009.
Study on the redox reactions for organic dyes and S‐nitrosylated peptide in electrospray droplet impact
Authors: Asakawa Daiki , Hiraoka Kenzo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractReduction of analytes in ionization processes often obscures the determination of molecular structure. The reduction of analytes is found to take place in various desorption/ionization methods such as fast atom bombardment (FAB), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and desorption ionization on porous silicon (DIOS). To examine the extent of the reduction reactions taking place in electrospray droplet impact (EDI) processes, reduction‐sensitive dyes and S‐nitrosylated peptide were analyzed by EDI. No reduction was observed for methylene blue. While methyl red has a lower reduction potential than methylene blue, the reduction product ions were detected. For S‐nitrosylated peptide, protonated molecule ion [M + H]+ and NO‐eliminated molecular ion [M − NO + H]+• were observed but reduction reactions are largely suppressed in EDI compared with that in MALDI. As such, the analytes examined suffer from little reduction reactions in EDI. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Point‐wise decay estimate for the global classical solutions to quasilinear hyperbolic systems
Authors: Zhou Yi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we first consider the Cauchy problem for quasilinear strictly hyperbolic systems with weak linear degeneracy. The existence of global classical solutions for small and decay initial data was established in (Commun. Partial Differential Equations 1994; 19:1263–1317; Nonlinear Anal. 1997; 28:1299–1322; Chin. Ann. Math. 2004; 25B:37–56). We give a new, very simple proof of this result and also give a sharp point‐wise decay estimate of the solution. Then, we consider the mixed initial‐boundary‐value problem for quasilinear hyperbolic systems with nonlinear boundary conditions in the first quadrant. Under the assumption that the positive eigenvalues are weakly linearly degenerate, the global existence of classical solution with small and decay initial and boundary data was established in (Discrete Continuous Dynamical Systems 2005; 12(1):59–78; Zhou and Yang, in press). We also give a simple proof of this result as well as a sharp point‐wise decay estimate of the solution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.