bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The secret state
Authors: Thompson E.P. 
Published: March 2008

Behind President Carter's 'human rights' rhetoric lies the reality of dozens of dependent dictatorships in the Third World. Meanwhile, in the developed capitalist nations, whose leaders pride themselves on the liberty enjoyed by their citizens, new measures of social control are being introduced. In Britain the targets of these attacks include the right of citizens to know what is done in their name. The deportation from Britain of Philip Agee and Mark Hosenball and th prosecution, under the Official Secrets Act, of Crispin Aubrey, John Berry and Duncan Campbell have been part of a concerted campaign by the state to stop journalists from writing about matters of which it is determined the public should remain ignorant. By its actions the British state has focussed attention not only on official secrecy but also on the very questions it sought to hide from view — the operations of the CIA in Britain, western Europe and the Third World; the increased size of British security services and their brief to keep political activists under surveillance, and the role of Signal Intelligence (SIGINT), not only in monitoring the communist world, but in eavesdropping on the communications of many Third World countries. E.P. Thompson, the historian, here takes up two aspects thrown up by these cases. First, the secrecy that surrounds the British state and especially those agencies concerned with surveillance and covert actions at home and abroad. Secondly, he takes the left to task for failing to respond on questions of civil liberties and democratic rights in the past decade. Throughout the last two hundred years the liber tarian strand of radical and working-class groups have come together to oppose repeated attempts by the state to curb political rights. This 'nerve of outrage' is in urgent need of re-discovery. In particular, he attacks those on the left who dismiss the need for action on the grounds that all states, all police, all law are bad. And, in doing so, Thompson takes up questions which are relevant not only to Britain but to all liberal democracies.
The standard colonial pattern
Authors: Rabbani Mouin 
Published: March 2008

In the wake of the Gaza-Jericho Agreement, radical academic Noam Chomsky has renewed his criticism of US-Israeli collusion' in the Middle East. Chomsky, one of the foremost analysts of US foreign policy, is author, most recently, of World Orders, Old and New (Pluto, 1994). When the Israeli-Palestinian Declaration of Principles was first announced in September 1993, you came out with an article which was neither openly supportive nor dismissive. You took a very cautious approach. Could you elaborate on your position?
Arthroscopic Salvage of Failed Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
Authors: Franceschi Francesco , Longo Umile Giuseppe , Ruzzini Laura , Rizzello Giacomo , Maffulli Nicola , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: March 2008

Background Data on arthroscopic salvage of failed arthroscopic Bankart repair are lacking. Purpose To prospectively evaluate the surgical outcome of arthroscopic salvage of failed arthroscopic Bankart repair. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Operations were performed on 10 patients (8 male and 2 female; mean age at revision, 25.6 years; range, 18-41 years). The mean interval from the time of the revision surgery to the final follow-up was 68 months (range, 46-83 months). Objective testing included preoperative and postoperative range of motion. Outcome measures included the rating system of the University of California at Los Angeles. The surgical procedure was performed in a consistent manner: capsular plications, suture anchor repair of the displaced labrum, and, when indicated, rotator interval closure. Results The University of California at Los Angeles rating system showed a statistically significant improvement from a preoperative mean rating of 11.7 (range, 6-14) to a mean of 31.7 (range, 29-35) postoperatively ( P < .05). All patients had a full and equal postoperative range of motion compared with the preoperative range of motion. One patient experienced recurrent dislocations after the salvage procedure. None of the other 9 patients experienced a recurrent dislocation, with all returning to their previous sports levels. Conclusion Arthroscopic Bankart revision surgery is a reliable procedure with respect to recurrence rate, range of motion, and shoulder function in carefully selected patients.
Biomechanical and Radiographic Analysis of Partial Coracoclavicular Ligament Injuries
Authors: Mazzocca Augustus D. , Spang Jeffrey T. , Rodriguez Rudy R. , Rios Clifford G. , Shea Kevin P. , Romeo Anthony A. , Arciera Robert A. 
Published: March 2008

Background A spectrum of acromioclavicular joint injuries may exist between type II acromioclavicular joint disruption (coracoclavicular strain) and type III acromioclavicular joint injuries (coracoclavicular disruption). This may help explain the variability in outcomes seen in patients with type II acromioclavicular injuries. Hypothesis Injury to either the conoid or trapezoid ligaments would lead to instability of the acromioclavicular joint after complete acromioclavicular joint injury. A secondary hypothesis was that the resulting instability could be recognized with Zanca radiographs. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The acromioclavicular ligaments were sectioned in 40 cadaveric shoulder specimens. Ten intact specimens were loaded to failure to evaluate the normal failure patterns of the coracoclavicular ligaments. Thirty specimens then had either the conoid or trapezoid ligament sectioned after creation of complete acromioclavicular joint injury. Preinjury and postinjury radiographs and stability testing quantified the effect of coracoclavicular joint injury on acromioclavicular joint stability. Results During failure testing, the conoid always failed first. Sectioning of the conoid led to significant increases in posterior and superior displacement on radiographs and with materials testing. Sectioning of the trapezoid led to significant increases in posterior displacement for materials testing and superior displacement on radiographs. Conclusion Sectioning of the acromioclavicular ligaments in conjunction with partial disruption of the coracoclavicular ligament complex led to significant changes in both radiographic and mechanical measures of acromioclavicular stability. The conoid fails first when a load is applied to the coracoclavicular complex in a superior direction. Clinical Relevance Zanca radiograph may detect incomplete injury to the coracoclavicular ligaments associated with acromioclavicular disruption.
The Certain Standards in Context
Authors: Beswick Norman 
Published: March 2008

The Certain Standards ( report of the National Education Association's Committee on Library Organization and equipment, chairman: C. C. Certain) were adopted by the NEA in 1917, and also approved by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, and by ALA, who published them in 1920. Concerned with secondary school libraries, the standards were only advisory, but formed the basis of state and regional accreditation standards in the USA for over twenty years, and to British school librarians will seem remarkably practical and enlightened for their day. In particular, recommendations on the centralization in the library of audio-visual media suggest an early and authoritative source for the materials centre concept of today. The article traces the development of the school library art, and in particular the use of audio- visual materials, up to the publication of the standards, from the "school district libraries" of the 1830s to the rapid burgeoning in the 1890s and after. Quotations from the period illustrate the rapid growth of professionally-run school libraries, and the growing interest of teachers and librarians in audio-visual materials. The important contributions of C. C. Certain and Mary E. Hall are assessed, and the standards compared briefly with three contcmporancous publications.
Towards a Short-Title Catalogue of English Eighteenth Century Books
Authors: Roberts R.J. 
Published: March 2008

The nature of previous short-title catalogues is discussed, and the special problems arising from the quantity of eighteenth century printing and its spread outside London are considered. Discussions of the subject up to date are outlined. While it will soon be possible to use computers to make a rough but useful list of eighteenth century books, the state of biblio graphical knowledge about such books means that about ten years' well-directed research is needed before an edited catalogue can be produced. The organization of the work and details of information to be recorded are also considered. Revised version of a paper read to the Rare Books Group of the Library Association at Keele, toth April 1970.
Duplicate Provision for Undergraduates
Authors: Shaw Christine M 
Published: March 2008

The article discusses present attitudes and practices in Britain, studying official recommenda tions and the solutions adopted by several universities concerned with the problem. Special duplicate funds established by some university libraries are discussed and the role of the students' book grants is considered, together with methods of assessment for the extent of duplication. A voucher scheme for students' book grants is recommended for the future. This article is an abridged version of a study submitted in partial fuolment of the requirements for the degree of MA in Librarianship at the University of Sheffield in September 1970.
Local Information Services for Industry in the East Midlands
Authors: Rowley A.M. 
Published: March 2008

Visits to fourteen public and five academic libraries in the East Midlands revealed that, although there was not a great demand, a number had developed specialized services to industry: in particular, Loughborough University Library ( LETIS) , Northamptonshire County Technical Library, and Nottingham Public Library ( NANTIS) . A questionnaire sent to NANTIS members, and visits to members of both NANTIS and LETIS, were particularly informative, and from the results of this investigation, suggestions are made for the improvement of information services to industry. For comparison, other local co-operative schemes are briefly considered through an examination of the literature, and from material gained from brief visits to the headquarters of two schemes. It is concluded that the existence of a formal co-operative scheme does not noticeably affect the quality of the service to industry. The article arises out of a thesis submitted for a Master's degree at Loughborough University in 1970. No attempt has been made to bring the material up to date.
The Location of Public Libraries in Urban Areas
Authors: Osborn E. 
Published: March 2008

This paper introduces the public library and the problems of its location into the wider context of town planning. The difficulty of understanding the relationships between libraries and other town facilities is presented. The mathematical tool of cluster analysis is offered as a way of exploring these relationships and is explained in a simple manner, together with an example. The conclusions tend to confirm that public libraries are not "self-sufficient" or related to one or two other activities only, but are highly dependent on their links with a large number of dfferent types of activity. This paper was read to a "24-hour Workshop" on Libraries in New and Expanding Towns at Grafham Water Residential Centre, Huntingdon, on 11/12 March 1970.
Administrative Effectiveness : Times and Costs of Library Operations
Authors: Smith G C K , Schofield J.L. 
Published: March 2008

The kinds of information needed by managing librarians to make correct decisions are considered, with emphasis on the value of current data on the exceptional situation. Manage ment information in a library is of greatest use in comparison, either internally, or with data from other libraries. A simple, standard method of recording and costing is urged, so that librarians may readily identify procedures requiring improvement. Development of the present costing method is traced from its original state as a simple management information system based on exception reporting ( i.e. reporting the exceptions which occur in any particular survey) , through a pilot study in a large university library, to its full installation in two further university libraries. The method of analysing the raw data is described, and examples of the tables are given, together with brief background information on the libraries concerned. After a note on the limitations of the present costing method and of unit costs in general, unit times and costs are given for numerous operations in both the libraries surveyed, covering both reader and technical services. There is agreement between results of several American studies and those of the present investigation. For further comparison, the information on times and salaries has been used in conjunction with a standard civil service costing procedure. Finally, it is shown how far the system has achieved its original aims, and recommendations are made for the development of a ready-made costing method for librarians using suggested statistical units of work.
The House of Lords Sessional Papers
Authors: Mallaber Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2008

Compared with sets of House of Commons Sessional Papers, the House of Lords Sessional Papers from 1801 are almost unknown and unused, largely because only two reasonably complete sets have ever existed. A description is given of a major project undertaken by the Department of Trade and Industry Library, in co-operation with the libraries of the Treasury, the Home Office, the House of Lords, the British Museum, the Bodleian, and the National Library of Scotland, to re-arrange and complete the D.T.I. set, to assemble complete sets for the British Museum and the House of Lords, and to make up near-complete sets for the Bodleian and the National Library of Scotland. Differences in arrangement between the Lords and Commons sets are described. The importance to scholars of the Lords Papers is considered, and the amount of duplication between the Lords and Commons sets assessed. A description is also given of work in progress to locate copies of the very rare pre-I800 Lords papers and bills, and to reprint them in facsimile from I64I to I805. A microfilm edition of the Lords Papers from 1806 to 1859 is also nearly complete and ready for publi cation.
The Public Library in the Service of Leisure
Authors: Wilson Alexander 
Published: March 2008

The article stresses the need for greater public provision in adult education and the arts as recreational activities, and identifies various institutional "growth points", including public libraries which should find their special role in this sector of community life, as a combined "theatre of recorded entertainment" and a "library-college". Equally important to the public library is the information function as the "library of first resort" and this creates organisational and design problems when trying to reconcile the two objectives. Library success in the leisure field requires inter-disciplinary teamwork, flexibility in staff organisation and in allocation of resources, greater use of non-book media and a co ordinated approach by cultural associations and institutions at national, regional and local levels. Additional resources are required to exploit information and arts opportunities and these may be found partly by reducing investment in large reference libraries which are seen in practice as duplicate provision for the academic sector of the community. The right of librarians to set quality standards in selection is questioned, but supported, subject to the criteria being made explicit to governing bodies and to the public.
The Subject Approach: Recent Developments in Indexing
Authors: Foskett A.C. 
Published: March 2008

The complexity explosion has led to ever-increasing difficulties in subject specification, especially in the use of notation in classified arrangement. Two recent developments, the use of DC18 and PRECIS in the British National Bibliography, form a substantial contribution towards the solution of these difficulties, particularly in view of the increased presstere for standardization arising from the use of computers. Edited version of a paper read at the AAL Course "Cataloguing and Indexing: Recent Developments", held at Folkestone, March 6-9, I972.
Some Further Thoughts on the British Library
Authors: Richnell D.T. 
Published: March 2008

This paper was given to the London and Home Counties Branch of the Library Association at the precise moment that the British Library Board came into being (April 1973) and before the delayed Vesting Day ( July 1973 ) . Brief consideration is given to the work of the Organizing Committee and to the composition of the Board. The role of the Board in ensuring that the necessary finance is available is stressed, and it is suggested that the Advisory Councils (or preferably one Council) must play an import part in policy-making. The difficulties of integrating the staff are touched upon. Some account is given of the planning of the new Bloomsbury building. It is stressed that to complete this on time is of the utmost importance because of the very unsatisfactory conditions in which the Reference and Bibliographical Division will have to operate over the next decade. The Lending Division starts with far better conditions for immediate advance. The objectives of the lending service are discussed, and the need for an integrated lending/reference policy in acquisitions and services. The effects of an integrated lending system on the Regional Bureaux and other libraries is considered and suggestions are made for a policy for the Lending Division in building up, servicing and lending, a retrospective collection of British and foreign books. Acknowledgement is expressed to the London and Home Counties Branch of the LA for permission to reproduce.
The Marginal Man
Authors: Simsova S. 
Published: March 2008

The marginal man is "one who is poised in psychological uncertainty between two or more worlds." The paper attempts to summarize existing literature on the subject of marginality in immigrants and to put forward some hypotheses about the influence of the marginal status on reading. The marginal status resolves itself eventually in acculturation. Acculturation is a two-way process which involves the individual and his ethnic group on the one hand and the receiving country on the other. Libraries can contribute to successful acculturation. This paper was read at the opening of the Workshop on the public library and the needs of immigrants, held at The Polytechnic of North London April 2-4, I973. As a result of the discussions which followed, the Public Libraries Research Group have considered a research project on library services to immigrants ( 1) and the means for funding it are being investi gated.
Discovering the Most Consulted Scientific Serials in the Antwerp State University Centre Library
Authors: Van Styvendaele B.J.H. 
Published: March 2008

All researchers on the staff of the State University Centre of Antwerp (RUCA) were asked to indicate from the periodicals collection all journal titles whose contents they or the department wanted to scan. In exchange they would be provided by the library with a copy of the table of contents of all incoming issues of these so-called SDI-journals. By the time this library service became effective it covered 80% of all departments, each participant making 9.4 requests on the average. The experiment revealed that, in the subject fields studied, 57% of the journals currently taken by the library at RUCA are requested for SDI. If the service is continued over longer periods of time, lists of SDI-periodicals need to be systematically reviewed biannually or individually upon request.
Audio-Visual Materials in the Library: the relevance of some learning theories to the development of a new syllabus
Authors: Berkeley Virginia A. 
Published: March 2008

Experiences in developing a new syllabus are discussed and the steps in planning and develop ment detailed. The educational theories of concept development and analysis of learning objectives, as propounded by Pella, Margenau, Gagné and Bloom, proved useful and their relevance is analysed. A network analysis of the syllabus shows how its relationship with other aspects of librarianship was catered for, and has also facilitated adaptations resulting from reduced time-allocation to the course. This paper seeks to provoke discussion and to keep the profession informed of the way in which one library school is attempting to keep pace with library developments and provide the skills that will be needed in the future. The views expressed are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect the policy of the Library School.
The Library and Information Needs of Visually Handicapped Students: A Survey of the Problems with some Suggestions for Academic Library Policy
Authors: Judd P.M. 
Published: March 2008

The article discusses the library and information problems of visually handicapped sttedents, and how academic libraries can help solve these problems with examples of present practices in some British university libraries. The term "visually handicapped students" is taken to mean students who are unable to study or work by visual methods. Visually handicapped students are allowed to choose their course and academic institute themselves and are scattered in very small groups throughout a large number of institutes, and the Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB) is unable to meet the students' specialised individual requirements from stock or by producing material quickly enough. Present liaison between academic departments and the RNIB only partly solves the problem, and inter-library co-operation is hampered by poor bibliographic control. On campus, students need to have material rend for them, and must recruit and organize their readers. They study more slowly than sighted students because of the difficulties of using print equivalent media and their inability to use library facilities fully by themselves. Academic libraries can help by being aware of official institute policy towards handicapped students, providing an individualized educational programme, sound-proofed rooms or carrels and by adapting lending policy where possible. Although the libraries' role consists primarily of reader services to their own students, the conclusion suggests a role for them in the future provision of print equivalent study material.
Cognitive psychology and "library learning" Nigel Ford
Authors: Ford Nigel 
Published: March 2008

Assumptions that libraries are central to the process of learning are as yet neither well defined nor supported directly by empirical research evidence. However, recent advances in the study of learning have yielded research results of greater relevance to the study of library organization and use than were previously available, allowing a closer integration of the fields of librarianship and education. Several such studies are briefly reviewed. A conceptual model uniting "libraries" and "learning" is called for, in order to faci litate the application, and generation of research of relevance to the two areas. The concepts "independence" and "structure" are suggested as possibly central components of such a model, and problems of the operational definition of such terms are discussed. Recent approaches to the study of learning are interpreted as a new "challenge to librarians", and implications for research in librarianship are outlined.