bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Studies on d‐Biotin. Part 9. An Improved Asymmetric Synthetic Route to d‐Biotin via Hoffmann—Roche Lactone—Thiolactone Approach.
Authors: Chen Fen‐Er , Jia Hui‐Qing , Chen Xu‐Xiang , Dai Hui‐Fang , Xie Bin , Kuang Yun‐Yan , Zhao Jian‐Feng 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New CVD Precursors Capable of Depositing Copper Metal under Mixed O2/Ar Atmosphere.
Authors: Lay Eddy , Song Yi‐Hwa , Chiu Yuan‐Chieh , Lin Yang‐Miin , Chi Yun , Carty Arthur J. , Peng Shie‐Ming , Lee Gene‐Hsiang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metal—Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Hollow Inorganic‐Fullerene‐Type MoS2 and MoSe2 Nanoparticles.
Authors: Etzkorn Johannes , Therese Helen A. , Rocker Frank , Zink Nicole , Kolb Ute , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Natural Products: (‐)‐Delactonmycin, (+)‐Plumerinine, and (‐)‐Parvistemoamide
Authors: Pilli Ronaldo A. , Correa, Ivan R. Jr. , Maldaner Adriano O. , Rosso Giovanni B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric epoxidation of cinnamyl alcohol with optically active titanium complexes
Authors: Pérez Yolanda , Morante‐Zarcero Sonia , del Hierro Isabel , Sierra Isabel , Fajardo Mariano , Otero Antonio 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA family of titanium(IV) alkoxo compounds [{Ti(O‐i‐Pr)2(OR)2}2] 1–4 prepared by alcohol exchange of Ti(O‐i‐Pr)4 and a chiral higher‐boiling alcohol [ROH = 1,2:3,4‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐d‐galactopyranose, 1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐d‐glucofuranose, (1R,2S,5R)‐(−)‐menthol, (1S‐endo)‐(−)‐borneol, (1S,2R,5S)‐(+)‐menthol, and (+)‐borneol] has been tested to evaluate their catalytic activity and stereoselectivity in the asymmetric epoxidation of cinnamyl alcohol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality
Determination of the stereoselectivity of chiral drug transport across Caco‐2 cell monolayers
Authors: He Ying , Zeng Su 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the transport characteristics of chiral drug enantiomers across Caco‐2 cell monolayers as a model of human intestinal epithelial membrane. Esmolol was chosen as a model drug, and the study focused on the transepithelial transport of esmolol enantiomers in this in vitro model system. Separation and quantitation of (S)‐ and (R)‐esmolol were performed by RP‐HPLC with the use of GITC as a precolumn derivatizing agent. Bidirectional transport studies of 5.0–400.0 μmol/l esmolol demonstrated that the two enantiomers were transported mainly by a passive, transcellular mechanism. At concentrations of 5.0–100.0 μmol/l, enantioselective permeability of esmolol was observed. In the absorptive transport, Papp of (S)‐esmolol was smaller than (R)‐esmolol and vice versa for secretory transport. The enantioselectivity disappeared when the drug concentration was increased to 200.0 μmol/l. In conclusion, the transport characteristics of (S)‐ and (R)‐esmolol were distinctly different. An enantioselective carrier‐mediated mechanism in addition to passive diffusion was involved in the transport process of esmolol across Caco‐2 cell monolayers. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality
Combining the enantioselectivity of a cyclodextrin and a diamide selector in a mixed binary gas‐chromatographic chiral stationary phase
Authors: Levkin Pavel A. , Ruderisch Alexander , Schurig Volker 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe present work reports on the investigation of a mixed binary chiral stationary phase (CSP) prepared by simultaneous attachment of permethylated‐β‐cyclodextrin (D selector) and resorcinarene with pendant l‐ or d‐valine diamide groups (L′ and D′ selectors, respectively) to a polysiloxane matrix via platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation. The gas‐chromatographic investigation of a number of racemates on the four different CSPs (D, D′, DD′, and DL′) showed that the enantioselectivity of the individual chiral selectors was retained in the mixed binary CSPs. As a consequence, hydrocarbons, underivatized alcohols, ketones, and almost all proteinogenic amino acid derivatives could be separated simultaneously on each of the mixed CSPs. Matched and mismatched cases of enantioseparation on the mixed binary CSPs were observed but turned out to be of minor importance for enantiomeric separation. In general, more racemates were separated with α ≥ 1.02 on the mixed phases as compared to the single phases. In order to analyze the influence of the presence of the diamide selector on the enantioselectivity of the cyclodextrin selector, a mixed ternary CSP containing the selector D and a racemic mixture of the selectors D′ and L′ [D(D′L′)] was prepared and investigated. Merits and limitations of the approach of mixed binary CSPs are discussed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality
Elderly subgroup analysis of a randomized phase III study of docetaxel plus platinum combinations versus vinorelbine plus cisplatin for first‐line treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (TAX 326)
Authors: Belani Chandra P. , Fossella Frank 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDControversy continues over whether elderly patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) should receive platinum‐based chemotherapy. TAX 326 reported improved survival with docetaxel–cisplatin (DC) versus vinorelbine–cisplatin (VC) for advanced NSCLC. DC and docetaxel–carboplatin (DCb) were better tolerated than VC. We analyzed the efficacy and toxicity in patients ages < 65 and ≥ 65 years.METHODSChemotherapy‐naive, TNM Stage IIIB–IV NSCLC patients were randomized to DC (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2, d1 q3w), DCb (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the concentration–time curve 6 mg/mL.min, d1 q3w), or VC (vinorelbine 25 mg/m2, d1, 8, 15, and 22 and cisplatin 100 mg/m2, d1 q4w).RESULTSOf 1218 patients, 401 were age ≥ 65 years (149/118/134 DC/DCb/VC arms). In the elderly, median survival was 12.6 versus 9.9 months, 1‐year survival was 52% versus 41%, 2‐year survival was 24% versus 17% for DC versus VC, respectively. DCb survival results were similar to those for VC: median, 9.0 months; 1‐year, 38%; 2‐year, 19%. Survival outcomes were similar between elderly and younger patients across treatment arms. Compared with younger patients, elderly patients reported moderately higher incidences of NCI CTC (version 1.0) Grade 3–4 asthenia, infection, and pulmonary toxicities across treatment arms, and diarrhea and sensory neurotoxicity for cisplatin‐containing arms. Most hematologic toxicities occurred with similar incidences between elderly and younger patients, although neutropenia was slightly increased in elderly patients.CONCLUSIONFirst‐line docetaxel–cisplatin chemotherapy showed similar activity in elderly and younger patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC; elderly patients tolerated docetaxel–platinum well despite experiencing slightly more toxicity than younger patients. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Angiosarcoma of the breast
Authors: Vorburger Stephan A. , Xing Yan , Hunt Kelly K. , Lakin Gregory E. , Benjamin Robert S. , Feig Barry W. , Pisters Peter W. T. , Ballo Matthew T. , Chen Lei , Trent Jonathan , Burgess Michael , Patel Shreyaskumar , Pollock Raphael E. , Cormier Janice N. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAngiosarcoma of the breast is a rare entity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate prognostic factors and determine outcomes in a large contemporary series of patients.METHODSClinical and pathologic factors were analyzed in all patients with angiosarcoma of the breast treated between 1990 and 2003. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were estimated using the methods of Kaplan and Meier. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic factors.RESULTSFifty‐five women with angiosarcoma of the breast were identified. The median age was 49.1 years, and the median follow‐up time was 3.7 years. The median OS and DFS were 2.96 years and 2.26 years, respectively. For the 32 patients withprimaryangiosarcoma of the breast 5‐year OS was 59%. Twenty‐three (42%) patients had received prior radiation therapy for the treatment of breast cancer. These patients with radiation therapy‐associated angiosarcoma were on average 30 years older and less likely to present with distant metastatic disease than patients presenting with radiation‐naive angiosarcoma of the breast. Although radiation‐naive patients appeared to have had better early DFS and OS, the Kaplan–Meier curves were not statistically different between patients with radiation therapy‐associated disease and radiation therapy‐naive patients. On multivariate analysis, tumor recurrence (P= 0.006) was the only significant adverse prognostic factor noted for OS.CONCLUSIONSIn this series of 55 patients with angiosarcoma of the breast, radiation therapy‐naive angiosarcomas occurred in younger patients, but they behaved similarly to radiation therapy‐associated angiosarcomas. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A population‐based description of glioblastoma multiforme in Los Angeles County, 1974–1999
Authors: Chakrabarti Indro , Cockburn Myles , Cozen Wendy , Wang Ya‐Ping , Preston‐Martin Susan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere have been reports that the incidence rates of brain tumors have increased over the past few decades, but most have considered all brain tumors together. The authors analyzed the pattern of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) occurrence in Los Angeles County, California to shed light on the incidence and descriptive epidemiology of this type of brain tumor.METHODSData were obtained from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program. Incidence rates were analyzed by gender, race, age at diagnosis, period of diagnosis (1974–1981, 1982–1988, or 1989–1999), and socioeconomic status (SES). In addition, data were stratified according to anatomic subsite. A multivariate model describing changes in rates by each of these variables was constructed.RESULTSAge‐specific incidence rates (ASIR) rose sharply after age 30 years. The peak ASIR was at age 70–74 years in males and at age 75–79 years in females. The age‐adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of GBM increased from 1974 to 1999 by an estimated 2.4% per year among males and 2.8% per year among females. Overall, males had a 60% increased risk of brain tumors compared with females. Males had a higher incidence of GBM compared with females at each anatomic subsite except the posterior fossa. The largest male:female ratio occurred in the occipital lobes. Non‐Latino whites had the highest incidence rates (2.5 per 100,000) followed by Latino whites (1.8 per 100,000), and blacks (1.5 per 100,000). After 1989, compared with the period before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was available, there was an increase in GBM incidence rates among those with of higher SES that was most pronounced in females. The incidence of GBM was highest for frontal lobe tumors and for tumors that involved two or more lobes (overlapping tumors), followed by tumors in the temporal and parietal lobes. In the multivariate analysis, year of diagnosis, SES, gender, race (Latino but not black), site, and age at diagnosis all were important predictors of incidence rate.CONCLUSIONSGBM incidence increased in Los Angeles County over the last 30 years and especially after 1989, suggesting that the introduction of MRI may have contributed to the increase. Individuals older than age 65 years experienced the greatest increase in incidence over time. Older age, male gender, higher SES, and non‐Latino white race increased the risk of GBM. Previously unreported incidence rates for GBM among Latino whites were significantly lower than among non‐Latino whites but were intermediate between non‐Latino whites and blacks. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term survivors after gamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastases
Authors: Kondziolka Douglas , Martin Juan J. , Flickinger John C. , Friedland David M. , Brufsky Adam M. , Baar Joseph , Agarwala Sanjiv , Kirkwood John M. , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDStereotactic radiosurgery, with or without whole‐brain radiation therapy, has become a valued management choice for patients with brain metastases, although their median survival remains limited. In patients who receive successful extracranial cancer care, patients who have controlled intracranial disease are living longer. The authors evaluated all brain metastasis in patients who lived for ≥ 4 years after radiosurgery to determine clinical and treatment patterns potentially responsible for their outcome.METHODSSix hundred seventy‐seven patients with brain metastases underwent 781 radiosurgery procedures between 1988 and 2000. Data from the entire series were reviewed; and, if patients had ≥ 4 years of survival, then they were evaluated for information on brain and extracranial treatment, symptoms, imaging responses, need for further care, and management morbidity. These long‐term survivors were compared with a cohort who lived for < 3 months after radiosurgery (n = 100 patients).RESULTSForty‐four patients (6.5%) survived for > 4 years after radiosurgery (mean, 69 mos with 16 patients still alive). The mean age at radiosurgery was 53 years (maximum age, 72 yrs), and the median Karnofsky performance score (KPS) was 90. The lung (n = 15 patients), breast (n = 9 patients), kidney (n = 7 patients), and skin (melanoma; n = 6 patients) were the most frequent primary sites. Two or more organ sites outside the brain were involved in 18 patients (41%), the primary tumor plus lymph nodes were involved in 10 patients (23%), only the primary tumor was involved in 9 patients (20%), and only brain disease was involved in 7 patients (16%), indicating that extended survival was possible even in patients with multiorgan disease. Serial imaging of 133 tumors showed that 99 tumors were smaller (74%), 22 tumors were unchanged (17%), and 12 tumors were larger (9%). Four patients had a permanent neurologic deficit after brain tumor management, and six patients underwent a resection after radiosurgery. Compared with the patients who had limited survival (< 3 mos), long‐term survivors had a higher initial KPS (P = 0.01), fewer brain metastases (P = 0.04), and less extracranial disease (P < 0.00005).CONCLUSIONSAlthough the expected survival of patients with brain metastases may be limited, selected patients with effective intracranial and extracranial care for malignant disease can have prolonged, good‐quality survival. The extent of extracranial disease at the time of radiosurgery was predictive of outcome, but this does not necessarily mean that patients cannot live for years if treatment is effective. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Diagnostic mammography performance and race
Authors: Yankaskas Bonnie C. , Gill Karminder S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDA previous study compared the performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and cancer detection rate) of screening mammography in Black and White women. No study, to the authors' knowledge, has evaluated the difference in the performance of diagnostic mammography between Black and White women.METHODSUnivariate analysis was used to evaluate differences in characteristics and cancers between Black and White women. Stratified and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to test the association of Black and White race with performance measures of diagnostic mammography.RESULTSThe sensitivity of diagnostic mammography was higher (91% vs. 84%) and specificity was lower (86% vs. 90%) among Black women compared with White women. After controlling for age, density, self‐reported breast problems, and previous mammography, sensitivity was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22–2.80) and specificity was significantly lower (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.70–0.81) among Black women. The crude cancer detection rate of mammography was higher for Black women (42.6/1000) than for White women (31.0/1000) and Black women had a higher proportion of cancers that were > 2.0 cm (57.4% vs. 46.2%) that were more often poorly differentiated (61.7% vs. 49.3%) and were more often estrogen‐receptor and progesterone‐receptor negative.CONCLUSIONSBlack women have lower specificity of diagnostic mammography and, consequently, more unnecessary workups than White women. Black women have higher sensitivity of diagnostic mammography, with cancers that are larger and more advanced than White women. Delay in responding to signs and symptoms would explain the size and later stage. However, more research is needed to understand the biologic differences of breast cancer characteristics between Black and White women. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Reduced cancer incidence among patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Barak Yoram , Achiron Anat , Mandel Matilda , Mirecki Ilona , Aizenberg Dov 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe incidence of cancer in patients with schizophrenia has been conversely reported to be higher, lower, or similar to that in the general population. The effects of lifestyle factors such as excess smoking, exposure to neuroleptic medications, and genetic factors that may influence the incidence of cancer in this group are not clear. The current study was performed to evaluate the frequency of cancer in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia and to determine the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of any malignancy in this group.METHODSData regarding the design, setting, and participants of the current study were analyzed from a cohort of 3226 patients with schizophrenia who were enrolled in the computerized health registry of the Abarbanel Mental Health Center between1993–2003. The mean age of the patients at the time of the diagnosis of cancer was 49 ± 14.7 years, with the majority of patients (61%) being male. All patients with schizophrenia records in the database were combined with the records of the Israeli National Cancer Registry to identify pathologically confirmed cancer comorbidity. The cancer incidence rates among patients with schizophrenia were compared with the expected incidence in an age‐matched and gender‐matched general population sample for the same time interval.RESULTSAmong 1247 female patients with schizophrenia, 22 (1.8%) developed breast cancer and 68 (5.5%) developed cancers of any type. Fifty‐two of the 1979 male schizophrenic patients (2.6%) developed cancer. The SIRs were 0.58 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.48–0.69) with a P value of < 0.05 for all cancers in the cohort, and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.37–0.90) for female breast cancer.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrate a reduced risk of cancer in patients with schizophrenia. The mechanisms responsible for the lower risk need be investigated further. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Dynamic Grid tasks composition and distribution through agents
Authors: Negri A. , Poggi A. , Tomaiuolo M. , Turci P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a multi‐agent system called GAIN (Grid Agent Infrastructure), which can be used for the development of flexible agent‐based Grid systems. The system supports users both in the development and execution of Grid applications. In particular, GAIN allows the definition of workflow applications by composing different tasks made available by the Grid nodes. Furthermore, it follows the different phases of the execution of the workflow providing transparent allocation and re‐allocation of the tasks on the different nodes of the Grid. A first prototype of the system has been realized by using the JADE agent development software and it has been tested in lab trials involving a network of different JADE platforms. In these trials, tasks provided both by the agents of the system and by external legacy software systems have been composed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the Grid paradigm for multimedia applications
Authors: Zaia Angelo , Bruneo Dario , Puliafito Antonio 
Published: November 2005

AbstractVery popular mobile devices such as cellular phones, laptops, and handheld and tablet PCs are becoming more and more powerful. One of today's trends is to access multimedia services from this sort of device. Their low capacity in terms of storage, and their high inclination to wireless connection, suggest the use of streaming techniques instead of media download. Mobile devices are, at present, dramatically unhomogeneous for visualization and audio reproduction characteristics. Consequently, today multimedia delivery systems are very customized for some device profiles or for wireless connection types. Transcoding techniques are used in order to adapt the same media source to the multiple hardware profiles. Client‐based transcoding techniques show their weakness in high energy consumption, and server‐based transcoding techniques suffer from scalability problems. In this paper we propose a scalable distributed multimedia server based on the Grid computing paradigm, which can adapt media content to the device profile and/or to the connection link. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing Grid services for multimedia streaming in an e‐learning environment
Authors: Amoretti M. , Bertolazzi R. , Reggiani M. , Zanichelli F. , Conte G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNext generation e‐learning platforms will support cooperative use of geographically distributed educational resources as an aggregated environment, thus enabling a more effective knowledge exchange. Sharing this goal, our research activity addresses the definition and implementation of a service‐based infrastructure for content distribution and multimedia streaming. The proposed architecture provides enough flexibility, extensibility, and scalability to cope with the ever‐increasing heterogeneity and mobility of edge devices. In this paper, we initially illustrate the general objectives and requirements in the development of an e‐learning oriented application for multimedia content discovery, access, and distribution in a virtual community. Architectural considerations have motivated the use of Grid technologies as they provide access to resources and services of different administrative domains in a transparent, seamless, and secure way. The Grid‐based architecture has been endowed with a number of services including discovery and streaming of multimedia objects, multimedia content update, quality of service (QoS) management, and support for user authentication and authorization. A multimedia application based on the architecture is described and evaluated on a multi‐domain network. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.