bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Context as a factor in categorization of personal documents
Authors: Weinberger Jessie Syd , Quiroga Luz M. , Crosby Martha E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of this research is to look for a theoretical basis for the observed behavior of users organizing their digital documents. Participants (academics who do not work as classifiers or indexers) are asked to categorize their documents while describing their thought processes. Interviews are used to add additional data, and subjects' file structures are examined. Analysis may show the influence of situational context on categorization behavior.
Trends in the use of digital libraries by scientists in 2000‐2005: A case study of finelib
Authors: Vakkari Pertti 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study explores the trends in the use of electronic material and digital libraries by university faculty between the years 2000 and 2005. The data consist of nationwide web‐based surveys of the end‐users of FinELib, Finnish Electronic Library, at all Finnish universities. Although material provision has grown tremendously and consequently the use of electronic literature and of FinELib, the clients were polarizing into frequent and infrequent users. Perceived availability of the material provided was a major factor influencing this polarization. Availability was significantly stronger predictor of the use than users' discipline. It seems that availability underlies the disciplinary variation in the use of digital libraries.
Making a dent? Information literacy instruction in Canada's public libraries
Authors: Julien Heidi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis poster presents results of Canada's only recent study of information literacy (IL) practices in public libraries. The overall objective of this project was to explore the actual and potential role of public libraries in Canada in developing the public's information literacy skills. A skills deficit exists among the general population, ironically in parallel with much (misplaced) confidence about those skills; that deficit is a kind of second‐level digital divide (Hargittai, 2002). Thus, access to digital information in particular is compromised in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. Despite an urgent need to develop IL skills, and expectations that public libraries fulfill that role (Canadian Library Association, 1998) (imposed by the federal government ‘Connecting Canadians’ initiative, particularly via the Community Access Program) (Government of Canada, 2006), the author's previous research suggested that the real experiences of public librarians and of public library customers may not bear out this expectation. Public libraries are challenged to fulfill the policy roles imposed by the federal government, because of a systemic lack of resources, because public libraries attempt to fulfill a range of roles (e.g, social gathering place, developers of early literacy, supporters of life‐long learning, supporters of recreational needs), and because library staff are conflicted about imposed mandates in the face of these historical roles.
Taking leisure seriously: Information realities in leisure time
Authors: Hartel Jenna , Stebbins Robert A. , Fulton Crystal , Chang Shan Ju , Case Donald O. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis panel presents the information realities that exist within leisure time. It introduces a conceptual model of leisure, called serious leisure (Stebbins,1982), that affirms the role of information in enabling leisure experience. Our panel offers a theoretical perspective and case studies of a meaningful area of everyday life that has not been a subject of much information research. The specific goals are threefold:To present state of the art theorizing and research underway into the information seeking and use that occurs in the everyday life realm of leisureTo introduce serious leisure, a concept that serves as a unifying umbrella and theoretical frame for such work, andTo showcase fruitful international collaboration underway between leisure science and information studies
An adaptive user profile for filtering news based on a user interest hierarchy
Authors: Singh Sarabdeep , Author) Michael Shepherd (Corresponding , Duffy Jack , Watters Carolyn 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA prototype system for the filtering and ranking of news items has been developed and a pilot test has been conducted. The user's interests are modeled by a user interest hierarchy based on explicit user feedback with adaptive learning after each session. The system learned very quickly, reaching normalized recall values of over 0.9 within three sessions. When the user's interests “drifted”, the system adapted but the speed with which it adapted seemed dependent on the amount of feedback provided by the user.
Forgetting and (Not) forgotten in the digital future
Authors: Rosenbaum Howard , Blanchette Jean‐François , Curry Michael R. , Lievrouw Leah A. , Day Ronald E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWhy does information force us to remember and to be remembered in certain ways? If we do have an information (particularly, digital information) future, and this is a future of being always present as, and to, information, then what are the political, social, and psychological risks involved? When, today, do we want‐and have the right‐‐to be forgotten? And when is remembering a form of forgetting, according to the times of our particular information day and age?This panel addresses the issue of forgetting and the right to be forgotten in the midst of information presents and futures, which remember us and make us remember at times and in ways that we don't always desire. Information presents and futures that sometimes force us to be remembered when we don't want to be remembered and sometimes construct the future, informationally, that is, as presents already said to be.The panel examines laws of forgetfulness, cultural technologies and techniques of remembering/forgetfulness, and the rights of readers and speakers to remain anonymous. It is important to sketch out the laws of forgetting, the technologies and techniques of forgetting, and the places or zones of forgetting, in order to see where information, as a form of presence and recall, has not yet been or is being barred from, sometimes by the strategic use of information itself. Sometimes such places or zones occur by legislation, sometimes by tradition and in practices (such as reading) and sometimes they ironically occur by the very overload of information itself, forming a type of forgetting that is not a relief, but rather, numbing. The occurrence of digital information has intensified these questions, as digital information increasingly occurs in multimedia, mobile, manners.Indeed, a history of modernity could be sketched out by examining not the founding, protection, and loss of private space‐‐that is, as a history of being remembered‐‐, but rather as a history of trying to be forgotten and of forgetting amidst an overabundance of information, and with this, the rights, spaces, difficulties and impossibilities today of being a person that is forgotten, solitary, or even inattentive and bored. Why, for example, can we no longer read today, but rather, are we more inclined to skim documents‐‐and everything else for that matter‐‐for information? What is the relation between the forgetting of reading, the overabundance of traditional and digital information, and our inability, today, to simply be bored; while instead of boredom today we are filled with anxiety for attention? Is this anxiety fueled by laws, technologies, and social practices which demand and engage our constant attention as information sources and as information “seeking” beings? In sum, what is the relation between information and forgetting today, and what does it mean if we cannot stop remembering and being remembered in a certain way (i.e., informationally), now and into our particular, digital, “information future”?
Visualizing meta search results: Evaluating the metacrystal toolset
Authors: Spoerri Anselm 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMetaCrystal aims to help users find the documents that are most likely to be relevant. It compares the results returned by multiple search engines and displays the documents based on the number of engines that found them and their rank positions in the result lists. First, this paper examines the validity of the MetaCrystal design approach by calculating the probability that a document is relevant based on the number of engines that found it and its rank positions in the result lists. Using TREC data, it is shown that MetaCrystal's visual design is sound because it visually emphasizes documents based on their likelihood of being relevant. Second, this paper investigates if users are able to use the MetaCrystal's visualizations to find the documents that are most likely to be relevant. The results of a user study are reported that show that novice users are able to accomplish this task.
[Name withheld]: Anonymity and its implications
Authors: Weicher Maureen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAnonymity allows the individual to have a voice without having a name. Since the word “anonymous” entered the English language with the advent of the printing press, the implications of being anonymous – and its lexical offspring “anonymity” – have shifted with time, place, and circumstance. What are the perceived effects of being anonymous/anonymity on the individual and on society? In this paper, I will explore some of the shifting meanings and implications of this concept, first as it relates to authorship, then (as it came to be viewed) as a signature condition of modern life. The perceived effect of anonymity on the social good includes promoting freedom of expression, enabling the free flow of information, enhancing therapeutic disinhibition, and fostering an atmosphere where ideas are judged on merit. Negative consequences include lack of accountability and credibility, nondisclosure, and deindividuation. The requirements for maintaining anonymity and pseudonymity are discussed and anonymity on the Internet. Finally, I will explore how anonymity/pseudonymity has come to be seen as a key way to protect privacy in an era of ubiquitous surveillance technologies and to promote free expression in cyberspace.
Comparison of anterolateral thigh and radial forearm free flap donor site morbidity
Authors: Novak Christine B. , Lipa Joan E. , Noria Sabrena , Allison Keith , Neligan Peter C. , Gilbert Ralph W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study evaluated patient‐reported outcome of the donor site in patients following head and neck cancer reconstruction. Patients who had undergone cancer reconstruction using either an anterolateral thigh or a radial forearm free flap and who were at least 6 months postsurgery were included and contacted by telephone. There were 37 patients (mean age 61 years, standard deviation 16 years) with 18 anterolateral thigh flaps and 19 radial forearm flaps. The majority of patients were not bothered by scar appearance, light touch, numbness or pain. Significantly more females (P = 0.038) and more patients with radial forearm flaps (P = 0.045) were bothered by the cold at the donor site and more females reported that the shape of the operated extremity was different (P = 0.009). Donor site morbidity is not significant following a radial forearm or anterolateral thigh free flap and the reconstruction should be based upon individual patient factors and surgeon expertise. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Differences between the data from free flow and intubated flow in women with urinary incontinence. What do they mean?
Authors: Valentini Françoise , Marti Brigitte , Robain Gilberte , Nelson Pierre 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAimsTo assess the effects of a urethral catheter on the urodynamic data extracted from uroflow in women, and to interpret the differences from free uroflow using the VBN® mathematical micturition model.MethodsUrodynamic data of 217 consecutive (June 2002 to December 2004) women with urinary incontinence and without neurological disease or more than grade 2 prolapse were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were to perform one free flow (FF) and one intubated flow (IF) (voided volumes of at least 100 ml and continuous flow curves). Voiding parameters: volumes, maximum flow rate, detrusor pressure and flow time, were analyzed as some characteristic ratios. The VBN® model was used to make simulations of various pathophysiological hypotheses.ResultsSignificant increased residual volume and flow time, decreased maximum flow rate were observed during IF. Twenty five patients had a residual volume only during IF; in that group, both decrease of Qmax and increase of flow time were significant. Simulations showed that the geometrical effect of the catheter was not the only cause and allowed to propose the occurrence of a compression‐like effect of the urethra and of a fading of the detrusor excitation after Qmax to explain the results.ConclusionSignificant differences were found between the data from a FF and an IF in women with urinary incontinence. These findings bring to the fore the impact of the transurethral catheter and underline the necessity to obtain at least one FF and one IF during a urodynamic session. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:297–300, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urea‐based two‐dimensional electrophoresis of beta‐amyloid peptides in human plasma: Evidence for novel Aβ species
Authors: Maler Juan Manuel , Klafki Hans‐Wolfgang , Paul Sabine , Spitzer Philipp , Groemer Teja Wolfgang , Henkel Andreas Wolfram , Esselmann Hermann , Lewczuk Piotr , Kornhuber Johannes , Wiltfang Jens 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe detailed analysis of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides in human plasma is still hampered by the limited sensitivity of available mass spectrometric methods and the lack of appropiate ELISAs to measure Aβ peptides other than Aβ1–38, Aβ1–40, and Aβ1–42. By combining high‐yield Aβ immuno­ precipitation (IP), IEF, and urea‐based Aβ‐SDS‐PAGE‐immunoblot, at least 30 Aβ‐immuno­reactive spots were detected in human plasma samples as small as 1.6 mL. This approach clearly resolved Aβ peptides Aβ1–40, Aβ1‐42, Aβ1‐37, Aβ1‐38, Aβ1‐39, the N‐truncated Aβ2–40, Aβ2–42, and, for the first time, also Aβ1–41. Relative quantification indicated that Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 accounted for less than 60% of the total amount of Aβ peptides in plasma. All other Aβ peptides appear to be either C‐terminally or N‐terminally truncated forms or as yet uncharacterized Aβ species which migrated as trains of spots with distinct pIs. The Aβ pattern found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was substantially less complex. This sensitive method (2‐D Aβ‐WIB) might help clarifying the origin of distinct Aβ species from different tissues, cell types, or intracellular pools as well as their amyloidogenicity. It might further help identifying plasma Aβ species suitable as biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Modulation of β‐catenin‐mediated TCF‐signalling in prostate cancer cell lines by wild‐type and mutant p53
Authors: Prowald Alexandra , Cronauer Marcus V. , von Klot Christoph , Eilers Tyark , Rinnab Ludwig , Herrmann Thomas , Spindler Klaus‐Dieter , Montenarh Mathias , Jonas Udo , Burchardt Martin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeregulation of the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin‐pathway is known to play an important role in the progression of various tumour cell types including prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, the tumour‐suppressor p53 was shown to down‐regulate β‐catenin‐signalling in colon cancer. As p53 is frequently mutated in late stage PCa we investigated the effect of wild‐type p53 (p53wt) as well as p53‐mutants on β‐catenin‐signalling in PCa‐cell lines.METHODSThe effects of p53wt and p53‐mutants on Wnt/β‐catenin‐signalling were studied using reporter gene assays. Expression of β‐catenin levels was monitored by Western blotting.RESULTSOverexpression of p53wt as well as p53249Ser (a structural mutant) and p53273His (a DNA‐contact‐mutant) almost completely inhibited β‐catenin‐mediated transcriptional activity of the T‐cell factor (TCF) whereas p53175His, a structural mutant, and a p53‐mutant with a C‐terminal deletion in the tetramerization domain (Δp53) were unable to do so. Co‐transfection experiments with p53wt and a dominant negative p53‐mutant reversed the down‐regulation of TCF‐signalling, while Δp53 was unable to interfere with p53wt‐function. Down‐regulation of TCF‐signalling by p53wt and p53273His was accompanied by a reduction in β‐catenin protein level.CONCLUSIONSp53wt, p53273His‐ and p53249Ser‐mutants are able to down‐regulate β‐catenin‐signalling in PCa‐cells probably via degradation of β‐catenin. The degradation of β‐catenin in PCa by p53 is not linked to transcriptional activity of p53. So far the mechanism how p53 interferes with β‐catenin‐signalling is unknown. For the first time we provide experimental evidence that the C‐terminus of p53 plays an important role in the down‐regulation of β‐catenin‐mediated TCF‐signalling in PCa‐cell lines possibly via p53 transrepressional function. Prostate 67: 1751–1760, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inducible expression of a prostate cancer‐testis antigen, SSX‐2, following treatment with a DNA methylation inhibitor
Authors: Dubovsky Jason A. , McNeel Douglas G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDActive immunotherapies are one approach being developed as novel treatments for prostate cancer. Critical to the success of these therapies is the identification of appropriate target antigens. We have been seeking to identify immunologically recognized proteins, cancer‐testis antigens (CTA) in particular, in patients with prostate cancer that would be rational target antigens.METHODSUsing a previously reported panel of 29 different CTA, we used sera from 98 patients with prostate cancer and 50 healthy male blood donor controls to detect CTA‐specific IgG. We then further evaluated the expression of one antigen, SSX‐2, in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues.RESULTSWe identified IgG specific for NY‐ESO‐1, LAGE‐1, NFX‐2, and SSX‐2 in at least 1/98 individuals with prostate cancer. We demonstrated that SSX‐2 is a prostate CTA, and its expression is associated with metastatic prostate cancer. In addition, we report that the treatment of at least two human prostate cancer cell lines with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine induced the expression of SSX‐2. In contrast, treatment of a normal prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE‐1) with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine did not induce SSX‐2 expression.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that SSX‐2 could be further pursued as an immunotherapeutic target in prostate cancer, and that treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine could be exploited to modulate antigen expression in combination with immunotherapeutic approaches. Prostate 67: 1781–1790, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical studies of the spin Hamiltonian parameters for the tetragonal Co4+ and Ir4+ centers in SrTiO3
Authors: Wu Shao‐Yi , Zhang Hua‐Ming , Lu Guang‐Duo , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Wei Li‐Hua 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe spin Hamiltonian parameters, g factors and the hyperfine structure constants for Co4+ (3d5) and Ir4+ (5d5) in SrTiO3 are theoretically studied from the formulas of these parameters for an n d5 (n = 3 and 5) ion in a tetragonally distorted octahedron with low spin S = 1/2. According to the theoretical analyses, the impurity–ligand bond lengths R ′‖ parallel to the C4 axis are found to be larger than the host values R‖ based on the phase transition rotation angles ϕ of the [TiO6]8– octahedron by the C4 axis at 4.2 and 77 K, respectively. The elongation of the ligand octahedra in the host may be enhanced in the impurity centers by the Jahn–Teller effect of the n d5 ions. The theoretical results based on the above local structures show good agreement with the experimental data. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anomalous refraction of backward waves in ferromagnet–semiconductor superlattices in the presence of an external magnetic field
Authors: Tarkhanyan Roland H. , Niarchos Dimitris G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFeatures of anomalous refraction of electromagnetic waves in a semiconductor–ferromagnet superlattice are investigated in the presence of an external magnetic field which is parallel to the optical axis of the superlattice. Effective permittivity and permeability tensors are obtained using the method of anisotropic homogeneous medium. General conditions are found at which the structure behaves as a left‐handed negative‐index metamaterial. Field structure of the waves is found and frequency regions are studied at which the medium is described by negative group refractive index. It is shown that main properties of the refracted waves, in particular, the number of the backward bulk modes and the width of the frequency regions with anomalous refraction can be changed using the external magnetic field as tuning parameter. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of optical spectra of V2+ centres in ZnS and ZnSe single crystals
Authors: Brik M. G. , Kityk I. V. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA systematic spectroscopic study of V2+‐doped ZnS and ZnSe single crystals (which includes crystal growth, absorption spectra measurements and combined application of the crystal field calculations and first‐principles analysis of V2+ energy levels and absorption spectra) is reported. Detailed comparison between the calculated energy levels and experimental absorption spectra enabled the assignment of the absorption peaks. The dependence of the crystal field and covalent effects on the interionic distance is analysed qualitatively. Several existing discrepancies between various literature data concerning the order of the V2+ energy levels (in particular, the positions of the 2E and 4T1 (4P) levels) are resolved. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electromagnetic fields induced by a concentrated heat source in multiferroic materials
Authors: Wang X. , Pan E. , Feng W. J. , Albrecht J. D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects are important for applications of multiferroic materials in elevated temperature environments. In this paper, we derive exact closed‐form electromagnetic Green's function expressions for polarization fields in uniaxial multiferroic materials and bimaterials induced by a steady point heat source. The pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects as a result of temperature change in multiferroic materials are incorporated in this study. The degen‐ erate and nondegenerate cases, which pertain to whether the heat conduction characteristic constant is equal to one of the two electromagnetic characteristic constants, are discussed in detail. The Green's functions for a bimaterial composed of two perfectly bonded uniaxial multiferroic half‐spaces subjected to a point heat source are further obtained by means of the image method. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of electric and magnetic fields on the binding energy of a Coulomb impurity bound polaron in a cylindrical quantum dot
Authors: Vartanian Arshak L. , Vardanyan Lyudvig A. , Kazaryan Eduard M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe influence of electric and magnetic fields as well as electron‐polar optical phonon interaction on an electron bound to a Coulomb impurity in a cylindrical quantum dot is studied theoretically. The interplay between the confinement effects due to applied fields, quantum‐size confinements, and the electron–phonon coupling on the impurity binding energy is analyzed. Analytical expression for polaron energy has been obtained as a function of the QD sizes, intensities of the electric and magnetic fields and the position of the impurity in the QD. It is found that the corrections on impurity binding energy due to the LO phonons are very important and cannot be neglected. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)