bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma using yttrium‐90 microspheres
Authors: Ibrahim Saad M. , Mulcahy Mary F. , Lewandowski Robert J. , Sato Kent T. , Ryu Robert K. , Masterson Elizabeth J. , Newman Steven B. , Benson Al , Omary Reed A. , Salem Riad 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this report was to present data from an open‐label cohort study in which patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) underwent radioembolization with yttrium‐90 (90Y) microspheres.METHODS.Twenty‐four patients with histologically proven ICC were treated. The planned target dose was 120 Gray. Patients were stratified according to Eastern Cooperation Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, tumor morphology (infiltrative vs peripheral), tumor distribution (solitary vs multifocal), and the presence or absence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Before and after the procedure, the following variables were assessed: 1) biochemical and clinical toxicity, 2) imaging (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging) response according to World Health Organization and European Association for the Study of Liver Disease (EASL) criteria, and 3) median survival after the first treatment using Kaplan‐Meier methodology.RESULTS.In total, 48 90Y treatments were administered to hepatic segments or lobes. Fatigue and transient abdominal pain were reported in 18 patients (75%) and 10 patients (42%), respectively. One patient (4%) developed grade 3 bilirubin toxicity. One patient (4%) developed a treatment‐related gastroduodenal ulcer. On imaging follow‐up of 22 patients, tumors demonstrated a partial response in 6 patients (27%), stable disease in 15 patients (68%), and progressive disease in 1 patient (5%). By using EASL guidelines, 17 patients (77%) showed >50% tumor necrosis on imaging follow‐up. Two patients (9%) demonstrated 100% tumor necrosis. The median overall survival for the entire cohort (n = 24) was 14.9 months. The median survival for patients with an ECOG performance status of 0, 1, and 2 was 31.8 months, 6.1 months, and 1 month, respectively (P < .0001); the median survival for patients without and with PVT was 31.8 months and 5.7 months, respectively (P = .0003); and the median survival for patients with peripheral versus periductal‐infiltrative tumors was 31.8 months and 5.7 months, respectively (P = .0005).CONCLUSIONS.Radioembolization with 90Y may be a therapeutic option for the treatment of unresectable ICC. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Early treatment of high‐risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia with alemtuzumab and rituximab
Authors: Zent Clive S. , Call Timothy G. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Tschumper Renee C. , Jelinek Diane F. , Bowen Deborah A. , Secreto Charla R. , LaPlant Betsy R. , Kabat Brian F. , Kay Neil E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) usually are treated only for progressive disease. However, the discovery of biologic predictors of a high risk of disease progression, together with the development of newer, more targeted therapies, could change this paradigm. In this phase 2 study, the authors tested the safety and efficacy of early treatment for patients with high‐risk CLL using alemtuzumab and rituximab.METHODS.Patients were eligible for treatment if they were 1) previously untreated, 2) had no National Cancer Institute‐Working Group 1996 criteria for treatment, and 3) had at least 1 marker of high‐risk disease 17p13−, 11q22−, or a combination of unmutated IgVH and CD38+/ZAP70+). Treatment consisted of subcutaneous alemtuzumab (initial dose escalation followed by 30 mg on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 4 weeks) and intravenous rituximab (375 mg/m2 per week ×4 doses). All patients received Pneumocystis pneumonia and herpes virus prophylaxis and were monitored for cytomegalovirus reactivation.RESULTS.Twenty‐seven of 30 patients (90%) responded to therapy with 11 (37%) complete responses (CRs). Five patients (17%) patients who had a CR had no detectable minimal residual disease. The median response duration was 14.4 months, and only 9 patients required retreatment for progressive disease at the time of the current report (median follow‐up, 17.6 months). Study patients had a significantly longer time from diagnosis to first treatment for CLL according to conventional indications than a comparison cohort with similar biologic risk profiles.CONCLUSIONS.The therapy regimen used was safe and effective for early treatment of patients with high‐risk CLL. Further studies will be required to determine whether this early treatment strategy decreases morbidity and mortality for high‐risk CLL. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Donor–Acceptor Systems: Energy Transfer from CdS Quantum Dots/Rods to Nile Red Dye
Authors: Sadhu Suparna , Patra Amitava 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe demonstrate strong evidence of shape‐dependent efficient resonance energy transfer between CdS quantum dots (QDs) and quantum rods (QRs) (donor) to Nile Red dye (acceptor). We also report a simple solution‐based method for the preparation of high quality CdS QDs and CdS QRs at relatively low temperature. The observed quenching of PL intensities are 78.8 % and 63.8 % for CdS QDs and QRs, respectively in the presence of Nile Red dye. The calculated energy‐transfer efficiencies are 45 % and 19 % from QDs and QRs to dyes, respectively. The energy transfer varies with changing the shape of the nanoparticles. The estimated Förster distances (R0) are 37.8 and 33.8 Å for CdS QDs and QRs, respectively. In the present study, the estimated distances (r) between one donor and one acceptor are 39.1 and 43.1 Å for QDs and QRs, respectively, using the efficiency of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) which depends on the inverse sixth power of the distance of separations between one nanocrystal and one dye molecule. Considering single donor and multiple acceptors interactions, the calculated average distances (rn) between the donor and acceptor are 47.7 and 53.9 Å for QD’s and QR’s, respectively. The steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopic analysis of nanoassemblies confirm the formation of one donor and multiple acceptors.
Inflamed adipose tissue, insulin resistance and vascular injury
Authors: Andersson Christian X. , Gustafson Birgit , Hammarstedt Ann , Hedjazifar Shahram , Smith Ulf 
Published: August 2008

AbstractType 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder today and has reached epidemic proportions in many countries. Insulin resistance and inflammation play a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and are present long before the onset of the disease. During this time, many of the complications associated with type 2 diabetes are initiated. Of major concern is the two‐ to fourfold increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this group compared to a nondiabetic population. Obesity, characterized by enlarged fat cells, and insulin resistance are, like type 2 diabetes, associated with impaired adipogenesis and a low‐grade chronic inflammation that to a large extent emanates from the adipose tissue. Both these processes contribute to unfavourable alterations of the circulating levels of several bioactive molecules (adipokines) that are secreted from the adipose tissue, many of which have documented inhibitory effects on insulin sensitivity in the liver and peripheral tissues and, in addition, have negative effects on the cardiovascular system.Here we review current knowledge of the adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, the local and systemic effects of a chronic state of low‐grade inflammation residing in the adipose tissue, and, in particular, the effects of inflammation and circulating adipokines on the vascular wall. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable Coordination Modes of Benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazones – Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of Some Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Dutta Swati , Basuli Falguni , Castineiras Alfonso , Peng Shie‐Ming , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Bhattacharya Samaresh 
Published: August 2008

AbstractReaction of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones [H2LR, where H2 stands for the two protons, the hydrazinic proton, and the phenyl proton at the ortho position, with respect to the imine function and R (R = OCH3, CH3, H, Cl, and NO2) for the para substituent] with [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)2Cl2], carried out in refluxing ethanol, afforded monomeric complexes of type [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)(HLR)(H)]. The crystal structure of the [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)(HLNO2)(H)] complex was determined. The thiosemicarbazone ligand is coordinated to the ruthenium center as a bidentate N,S‐donor ligand forming a four‐membered chelate ring. When the reaction of the thiosemicarbazones with [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)2Cl2] was carried out in refluxing toluene, a family of dimeric complexes of type [Ru2(PPh3)2(CO)2(LR)2] were obtained. The crystal structure of [Ru2(PPh3)2(CO)2(LCl)2] was determined. Each thiosemicarbazone ligand is coordinated to one ruthenium atom, by dissociation of the two protons, as a dianionic tridentate C,N,S‐donor ligand, and at the same time the sulfur atom is also bonded to the second ruthenium center. 1H NMR spectra of the complexes of both types are in excellent agreement with their compositions. All the dimeric and monomeric complexes are diamagnetic (low‐spin d6, S = 0) and show intense absorptions in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Cyclic voltammetry of the [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)(HLR)(H)] and [Ru2(PPh3)2(CO)2(LR)2] complexes show the ruthenium(II)–ruthenium(III) oxidation within 0.48–0.73 V vs. SCE followed by a ruthenium(III)–ruthenium(IV) oxidation within 1.09–1.47 V vs. SCE. Potentials of both the oxidations are found to correlate linearly with the electron‐withdrawing character of the substituent R. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Rational Assembly of High‐Spin Polynuclear Magnetic Complexes into Coordination Networks: the Case of a [Mn4] Single‐Molecule Magnet Building Block
Authors: Roubeau Olivier , Clérac Rodolphe 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of transition‐metal high‐spin complexes and of infinite coordination networks of these high‐spin carriers now represents a recognized subdiscipline of coordination chemistry. This new research trend has been particularly encouraged by the discoveries that molecular and one‐dimensional coordination aggregates may behave as nanomagnets, as illustrated by the so‐called single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) and single‐chain magnets (SCMs). While the synthesis of isolated polynuclear high‐spin complexes still rely mostly on serendipitous assembly with appropriate ligands, the synthesis of SCMs or extended networks of high‐spin complexes demands a more designed and controlled bottom‐up assembly of precursor complexes and bridging species selected for their coordination abilities. In this context, the case of a [Mn4] SMM is unique in the literature, as one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional networks have been rationally designed by using this SMM unit as a building block, giving rise to original magnetic properties. This review gathers all reported systems that we know of, having the corresponding [Mn4O6] core, either in isolated complexes or in frameworks. Their structures and, when relevant, the synthetic strategy and magnetic properties are described. The demonstrated and potential outcomes, in terms of physical properties, of such coordination assemblies of high‐spin complexes are then discussed. These are highlighted through examples with other building blocks, to broaden the scope of possible strategies and building blocks, and thus provide a basis for the further development of this promising area. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Tetranuclear and Octanuclear Cobalt(II) Citrate Cluster Single Molecule Magnets
Authors: Moubaraki Boujemaa , Murray Keith S. , Hudson Timothy A. , Robson Richard 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn a follow‐up study of the cobalt(II) member 1 of a family of isostructural cubane clusters of type [C(NH2)3]8[MII4(cit)4]·8H2O (cit = citrate, M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) by measuring AC magnetic susceptibilities, as a function of frequency, this compound clearly displays behaviour typical of magnetization reversal and slow magnetic relaxation (ΔE = 13.1 K, τo = 8.4 × 10–7 s). A related octanuclear cluster [Co8(C4O7)4(H2O)12]·24H2O (2) that contains a [Co4(C4O7)4] cubane moiety, behaves likewise (ΔE = 20.5 K, τo = 1.0 × 10–7 s).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Electrochemical Study and Direct Determination of Adenosine‐5′‐Monophosphate Coupled to 6‐Thioguanosine and a Glassy Carbon Modified Electrode with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Mora Laura , Hernández Pedro , Vicente José , Galán Fernando , Hernández Lucas 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe direct accumulation of 6‐thioguanosine (6‐TG) and its electrochemistry has been studied by cyclic voltammetry in different conditions physical and chemical. In a first moment the surface of electrode was modified with gold nanoparticles. This modification was realized by electrodeposition on the active surface of a glassy carbon electrode with a HAuCl4 solution. The nucleotide 6‐thioguanosine was deposited in this gold nanoparticles monolayer. The study of accumulation of other nucleotide, adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP), was realized by the direct reaction with 6‐TG deposited. The conditions of the reaction and its electrochemical response were tested to fix the ideal conditions of its determination. The ideal conditions of formation of the monolayer and its electrochemical response were studied; the possibility of preconcentration of 6‐TG nucleotide in gold nanoparticles, the possibility of catalysis and limits of identification and quantification were also determined. The method proposed can be applied in direct determination of oligonucleotides. In this respect we applied it in the determination of AMP in a commercial product of infantile nutrition.
Detection of Biomarkers for Liver Fibrosis Using High‐Throughput Electrochemical Microimmunosensor
Authors: Peng Youyuan , Shi Mianhong , Kong Jilie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA high‐throughput electrochemical microimmunosensor for the detection of biomarkers for liver fibrosis was developed. The antibodies, hyaluronic acid binding protein (HABP), lamin antibody (a‐LN) and type IV‐collagen antibody (a‐IVC), are immobilized on different electrodes of the microelectrode array by copolymerizing into the partly insulated poly(o‐phenylenediamine) by means of cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical detection of the corresponding antigen was based on the extent of electrode insulation toward a redox probe (ferrocenemethanol) solubilized in the electrolyte as a result of the formation of the antigen‐antibody complex at the electrode surface. The microimmunosensor exhibits enough sensitivity to detect the three biomarkers at a concentration level down to 3 ng/mL. The microimmunosensor has been applied to real samples, the results agree well with those obtained by radioimmunoassay (RIA). With the possibility of being portable and considering its ease of use, robustness, and simplicity, the microimmunosensor has great potential as a tool for the screening and early detection of liver fibrosis.
Speciation Analysis of Chromium by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry in Tap and River Water Samples
Authors: Grabarczyk Malgorzata 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAn adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for speciation analysis of chromium in natural water samples has been developed. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were used as complexing agents for Cr(III) present in the sample and formed as products of Cr(VI) reduction, respectively. Under optimum experimental conditions linear relations in the range from 1×10−6 to 3×10−5 mol L−1 without accumulation and from 1×10−9 to 1×10−7 at 30 s accumulation time were obtained for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. For samples in which Cr(III) concentration is higher than 1×10−6 mol L−1 the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were determined simultaneously in one voltammetric cell. For samples in which Cr(III) concentration is below 1×10−6 mol L−1 only Cr(VI) was selectively determined in the presence of Cr(III), which did not influence the Cr(VI) signal. The determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was successful with the application of the proposed procedure in the presence of common foreign ions. The presented method was applied for the speciation of chromium in spiked tap and river water samples with satisfactory results.
Comparison of Electrochemical and Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor Responses on Single Thin Film
Authors: Kurita Ryoji , Nakamoto Kohei , Ueda Akio , Niwa Osamu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper reports results obtained when comparing an electrochemical enzyme immunosensor and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based immunosensor on the same gold surface installed in an electrochemical SPR flow cell. Simultaneous electrochemical and SPR measurements were performed on a gold surface modified with multilayers of poly‐L‐lysine and poly‐styrenesulfonate assembled with the layer‐by‐layer method. First, we obtained the SPR response induced by the formation of an immunocomplex from the shift in the SPR angle by injecting an anti tumor necrosis factor‐α antibody solution labeled with alkaline phosphatase into the flow cell containing the multilayer modified with tumor necrosis factor‐α. Then we compared this SPR result with that obtained for the electrochemical oxidation current of p‐aminophenol catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase from p‐aminophenolphosphate on the same gold film. We compared the two immunosensor responses obtained using the different measurement principles and found that there was a high correlation efficient of 0.973 between them. This was because we were able to immobilize the immunoreagents with good stability and without losing the transport of the enzyme product in the multilayer whose thickness we easily controlled with nanometer scale accuracy. We also report that the detection limit of our electrochemical immunosensor after optimization was around 100 pg/mL (0.4 pM), which is one of the lowest values yet reported for an electrochemical immunosensor.
Direct Electron Transfer and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin on Chitosan‐TiO2 Nanorods‐Glass Carbon Electrode
Authors: Xiao Xiaoling , Lu Wu , Yao Xin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe direct electron transfer between hemoglobin (Hb) and the glassy carbon electrode (GC) can be readily achieved via a high biocompatible composite system based on biopolymer chitosan (CHT) and TiO2 nanorods (TiO2‐NRs). TiO2‐NRs greatly promote the electron transfer between Hb and GC, which contribute to the higher redox peaks. UV‐vis spectra result indicated the Hb entrapped in the composite film well keep its native structure. The immobilized Hb remains its bioelectrocatalytical activity to the reduction of H2O2 with a lower detection limit. A novel, sensitive, reproducible and stable electrochemical biosensing platform of H2O2 based on Hb‐TiO2‐CHT electrode is explored.
Die Geschichte der „Exkursionsflora”︁ von Werner Rothmaler
Authors: Jäger Eckehart Johannes , Werner K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWerner Rothmaler hat in der Erarbeitung von Floren eine wesentliche Aufgabe der Pflanzensystematik gesehen. Der im Zweiten Weltkrieg gefasste Plan einer „Flora Europaea”︁, von der die beiden ersten Bände Ende 1944 fertig werden und 1945 erscheinen sollten, konnte nicht realisiert werden. Ein zunächst ganz bescheidenes Vorhaben war die für den Schul‐ und Universitätsunterricht gedachte Exkursionsflora (der DDR), die er nach dem Krieg erarbeitete. Diese Flora erlebte von 1952 bis 1957 sieben Auflagen; 1958 wurde sie auf ganz Deutschland erweitert. Ein Jahr später folgte der Atlasband. Kurz nach Rothmalers Tod (1962) erschien der Kritische Ergänzungsband, für den Rothmaler zahlreiche bekannte Wissenschaftler zur Mitarbeit gewonnen hatte. Konzipiert war damals auch schon der Band 1 (Niedere Pflanzen), aber es dauerte bis zu seinem Erscheinen noch zwei Jahrzehnte. Zusammen mit dem 2007 publizierten Band 5 (Zier‐ und Nutzpflanzen) umfasst das Werk jetzt 4052 Seiten, gestattet die Bestimmung von etwa 12000 Pflanzensippen und ist zur wichtigsten Flora Deutschlands geworden. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Greifswalder vegetationskundliche Arbeiten der „Rothmaler‐Schule”︁ 1954 bis 1992
Authors: Jeschke L. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract1953 übernahm Werner Rothmaler, zunächst geschäftsführend, die Leitung des Instituts für Agrobiologie der Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt‐Universität Greifswald und begründete damit in Greifswald eine moderne vegetationskundliche Arbeitsrichtung. Nach dem Ableben von Werner Rothmaler führte Franz Fukarek, der erste Habilitand Werner Rothmalers, die Arbeiten bis 1992 fort. Während dieser Zeit wurden vegetationskundlich Staatsexamens‐ und Diplomarbeiten sowie Dissertationen von folgenden Schülern Rothmalers angefertigt: Bochnig, Erhard: 1957 Dissertation; Holdack, Helga: 1957 Diplom (1959); Jeschke, Lebrecht: 1957 Diplom (1959), 1962 Dissertation (1964); Kloss, Klaus: 1958 Diplom (1960), 1963 Dissertation; Fukarek, Franz: 1961 Habilitation; Voigtländer, Ulrich: 1964 Diplom (1966), 1971 Dissertation A.; Succow, Michael: 1965 Diplom (1967), 1970 Dissertation A, 1981 Dissertation B (1988); Hofemeister, Brigitte: 1966 Diplom; Henker, Heinz: 1972 Dissertation A; Schmidt, Dietrich: 1965 Diplom, 1977 Dissertation A, (1981); Krisch, Haubold: 1972 Dissertation A, 1987 Dissertation B; Slobodda, Siegfried: 1965 Staatsexamen, 1977 Dissertation A, 1989 Dissertation B.In (Klammern) gesetzte Jahreszahlen beziehen sich auf die Publikation der Arbeit.Der Inhalt dieser Arbeiten wird kurz charakterisiert, und es wird auf einige, aus heutiger Sicht bemerkenswerte Ergebnisse eingegangen. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monokotylen in der mitteleozänen Braunkohle des Geiseltales bei Merseburg (Sachsen‐Anhalt) und ihre ökologische Bedeutung
Authors: Kahlert Eberhard , Rüffle Ludwig 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAus dem Mitteleozän des Geiseltales werden Epidermen von Dioscoreaceae, Pandanaceae, Liliaceae und zwei fossile Blätter von Alismataceae, Liliaceae und Smilacoideae beschrieben. Ökologische Hinweise auf Trockenheit durch Smilacoideae (Dry Tropic Forest) werden angezeigt. Feuchtes Klima ist nicht nachweisbar. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Neue oder kritische Cotoneaster ‐Arten X (Rosaceae)
Authors: Klotz Gerhard 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAusgehend von der Biodiversity‐Situation in der Rosaceaen‐Gattung Cotoneaster Medik. sowie neuen Publikationen zum Cotoneaster ‐Bestand Indiens (Kumar & Panigrahi 1995) und Chinas (Yü & Lu 1974; Lu & Brach 2003) werden auf der Basis des Typmaterials und von neu (seit 1990) aufgesammeltem Herbarmaterial die Cotoneaster ‐Series Acuminati, Adpressi und Alpigeni diskutiert. Die Spaliersträucher mit zweizeilig angeordneten, dünnledrigen Blättern und nickenden Früchten werden aus den Alpigeni gesondert und in der neuen Serie Repentes G.Klotz, ser. nov. zusammengefasst. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)