bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic and clinical significance of tumor-associated macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after surgery: do biomarkers and distributions matter?
Authors: Yi Bin , Zeng Jun , Li Linfeng , Zhang Junjie , Chen Yufan , Gao Yang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) following surgery remains controversial. Hence, we performed the present study to systematically analyze the prognostic and clinical significance of distinct TAMs biomarkers and distributions in ESCC patients underwent surgery.
Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched up to March 31, 2023. The pooled analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of TAMs on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and clinicopathological characteristics using fixed-effects or random-effect model.
Results: Involving a total of 2,502 ESCC patients underwent surgery from 15 studies, the results suggested that the total count of CD68+ TAMs was inversely associated with OS and DFS in ESCC patients, which was also noticed in the relationship of CD68+ TAMs in tumor islet (TI) with OS (all P&lt;0.05), although no association between CD68+ TAMs in tumor stroma (TS) and OS (P&gt;0.05). Moreover, either islet or stromal CD163+ TAMs density was a prognostic factor ESCC (all P&lt;0.05). Similarly, an elevated CD204+ TAMs density in TI predicted a poor DFS (P&lt;0.05), although CD204+ TAMs in TI had no relationship with OS (P&gt;0.05). Besides, a high CD68+ TAMs density was significantly associated with lymphatic vessel invasion, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis (all P&lt;0.05).
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the prognostic and clinical significance of TAMs in ESCC patients underwent surgery. TAMs should be considered a target that could improve prognostic stratification and clinical outcomes in ESCC after surgery.
An in-depth analysis of the variable cyclotron lines in GX 301−2
Authors: Zalot Nicolas , Sokolova-Lapa Ekaterina , Stierhof Jakob , Ballhausen Ralf , Zainab Aafia , Pottschmidt Katja , Fürst Felix , Thalhammer Philipp , Islam Nazma , Diez Camille M. , Kretschmar Peter , Berger Katrin , Rothschild Richard , Malacaria Christian , Pradhan Pragati , Wilms Jörn 
Published: March 2024

Context.The high-mass X-ray binary system GX 301−2 is a persistent source with a well-known variable cyclotron line centered at 35 keV. Recently, a second cyclotron line at 50 keV has been reported with a presumably different behavior than the 35 keV line.Aims.We investigate the presence of the newly discovered cyclotron line in the phase-averaged and phase-resolved spectra at higher luminosities than before. We further aim to determine the pulse-phase variability of both lines.Methods.We analyze aNuSTARobservation of GX 301−2 covering the pre-periastron flare, where the source luminosity reached its peak of ∼4 × 1037 erg s−1in the 5–50 keV range. We analyze the phase-averaged spectra in theNuSTARenergy range from 3.5–79 keV for both the complete observation and three time segments of it. We further analyze the phase-resolved spectra and the pulse-phase variability of continuum and cyclotron line parameters.Results.We confirm that the description of the phase-averaged spectrum requires a second absorption feature at 51.5−1.0+1.1keV besides the established line at 35 keV. The statistical significance of this feature in the phase-averaged spectrum is > 99.999%. We further find that the 50 keV cyclotron line is present in three out of the eight phase bins.Conclusions.Based on the results of our analysis, we confirm that the detected absorption feature is very likely to be a cyclotron line. We discuss a variety of physical scenarios that could explain the proposed anharmonicity, but also outline circumstances under which the lines are harmonically related. We further present the cyclotron line history of GX 301−2 and evaluate concordance among each other. We also discuss an alternative spectral model including cyclotron line emission wings.
Phobos photometric properties from Mars Express HRSC observations
Authors: Fornasier S. , Wargnier A. , Hasselmann P. H. , Tirsch D. , Matz K.-D. , Doressoundiram A. , Gautier T. , Barucci M. A. 
Published: March 2024

Aims. This study aims to analyze Phobos’ photometric properties using Mars Express mission observations to support the Martian Moons exploration mission (MMX) devoted to the investigation of the Martian system and to the return of Phobos samples.
Methods. We analyzed resolved images of Phobos acquired between 2004 and 2022 by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on board the Mars Express spacecraft at a resolution ranging from ~30 m px−1 to 330 m px−1. We used data acquired with the blue, green, red, and IR filters of HRSC and the panchromatic data of the Super Resolution Channel (SRC). The SRC data are unique because they cover small phase angles (0.2–10°), permitting the investigation of the Phobos opposition effect. We simulated illumination and geometric conditions for the different observations using the Marx Express and the camera spice kernels provided by the HRSC team. We performed photometric analysis using the Hapke model for both integrated and disk-resolved data.
Results. The Phobos phase function is characterized by a strong opposition effect due to shadow hiding, with an amplitude and a half-width of the opposition surge of 2.28±0.03 and 0.0573±0.0001, respectively. Overall, the surface of Phobos is dark, with a geometric albedo of 6.8% in the green filter and backscattering. Its single-scattering albedo (SSA) value (7.2% in the green filter) is much higher than what has been found for primitive asteroids and cometary nuclei and is close to the values reported in the literature for Ceres. We also found a surface porosity of 87%, indicating the presence of a thick dust mantle or of fractal aggregates on the top surface. The SSA maps revealed high reflectance variability, with the blue unit area in the northeast Stickney rim being up to 65% brighter than average, while the Stickney floor is among the darkest regions, with reflectance 10 to 20% lower than average. Photometric modeling of the regions of interest selected in the red and blue units indicates that red unit terrains have a stronger opposition effect and a smaller SSA value than the blue ones, but they have similar porosity and backscattering properties.
Conclusions. The HRSC data provide a unique investigation of the Phobos phase function and opposition surge, which is valuable information for the MMX observational planning. The Phobos opposition surge, surface porosity, phase integral, and spectral slope are very similar to the values observed for the comet 67P and for Jupiter family comets in general. Based on these similarities, we formulate a hypothesis that the Mars satellites might be the results of a binary or bilobated comet captured by Mars.
Can an educational video improve the adequacy of bowel preparation for patients undergoing their first colonoscopy? Results of the EBOPS RCT
Authors: Archer Thomas , Corfe Bernard , Dear Keith , Cole Andy , Foley Stephen , Andreyev H Jervoise N , Fateen Waleed , Baxter Andrew , Riley Stuart , Parra-Blanco Adolfo , Thoufeeq Mo ,   The EBOPS study group
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an educational video on the quality of bowel preparation of patients from a UK population attending for their first colonoscopy.
Patients and methods A prospective, endoscopist-blinded trial with 1:1 allocation was performed. Patients referred for their first colonoscopy were recruited between February 2019 and December 2019. All participants were prescribed Moviprep and received the trial site’s standard written bowel preparation instructions, with the intervention group also receiving a bespoke educational video. Adequacy of bowel preparation (defined as a Boston Bowel Preparation Scale of ≥2 in each segment of the bowel) and polyp detection rates (PDRs) were compared. Fisher’s chi squared test was utilized with P <0.05 as the threshold for significance.
Results A total of 509 participants completed the trial from six centers; 251 were randomized to the intervention group. The mean age was 57 years and 52.3% were female. The primary endpoint was met with an adequacy rate of 216 of 251 (86.1%) in the intervention group, compared with 205 of 259 (79.1%) in the control group (P <0.05, odds ratio [OR] 1.626, 95% CI 1.017–2.614). The PDR was significantly higher in the intervention group (39% vs 30%, OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04–2.19, P <0.05).
Conclusions An educational video leads to improved bowel preparation for patients attending for their first colonoscopy, and is also associated with greater detection of polyps. Widespread adoption of an educational video incurs minimal investment, but would reduce the number of inadequate procedures, missed pathology, and the cost that both these incur.
Plan-do-study-act (PDSA) interventions to improve real-world endoscopy unit productivity
Authors: Bradley Christopher , Sumethasorn Matt , Kim Jin Sun , Wang Sarah , Martinez Leslie , Chang Megan , Lemus Lillian , Katebian Behrod , Bruce Dara , Lee Andy , Baden Rachel , Yee Hal , Buxbaum James 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims The Plan-Do-Study Act (PDSA) ramp is a framework that uses initial small changes to build consensus and momentum for subsequent, iterative process improvement. Our aim was to study its impact on endoscopy unit efficiency and throughput.
Methods Following a granular time-and-motion analysis to evaluate baseline performance (phase 1) we instituted successive interventions and measured their impact on core efficiency metrics including procedure volume and turnover time (phases 2–3).
Results We identified that inefficiency in turnover of anesthesia-supported endoscopy was the most crucial issue. Implementation of a pre-procedure anesthesia visit in phase 2 reduced turnover time by 15.5 minutes (95% confidence interval 3.9–27.1 minutes). Subsequent changes (phase 3) including front-loaded procedure scheduling and parallel in-room preparation resulted in an 18% increase in procedure volume.
Conclusions The PDSA ramp model is an effective means of assessing operational processes, developing novel interventions, and building consensus to improve the real-world productivity in a resource-conscious manner.
Novel treatment with double scope technique for disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome with external pancreatic fistula
Authors: Singla Vikas , Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Singh Pankaj , Bopanna Sawan , Shawl Muzaffer Rashid , Soni Harish , Goel Akash , Madan Kaushal , Garg Pallavi , Bhargava Richa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims External pancreatic fistula in association with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome is a common sequelae of the percutaneous step-up approach for infected pancreatic necrosis and is associated with significant morbidity. The present study aimed to report the initial outcome of a novel technique of two-scope guided tractogastrostomy for management of this condition.
Patients and methods The present study was a retrospective analysis of data from patients with external pancreatic fistula and disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome, who underwent two-scope-guided tractogastrostomy. All the patients had a 24F or larger drain placed in the left retroperitoneum. Transgastric echo endoscopy and sinus tract endoscopy were performed simultaneously to place a stent between the gastric lumen and the sinus tract. Technical success was defined as placement of the stent between the tract and the stomach. Clinical success was defined as successful removal of the percutaneous drain without the occurrence of pancreatic fluid collection, ascites, external fistula, or another intervention 12 weeks after the procedure.
Results Three patients underwent two scope-guided tractogastrostomy. Technical and clinical success were achieved in all the patients. No procedure-related side effects or recurrence occurred in any of the patients.
Conclusions Two-scope-guided tractogastrostomy for treatment of external pancreatic fistula due to disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome is a feasible technique and can be further evaluated.
A Cadaveric Study on Perforator Anatomy of the Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Titus Helen Mary , Sreedevi Sarath Radhakrishnapillai , Parameswaran Sabu Chaniveliyil , Malathi Lekshmi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap was described by Cavadas et al in 2001. The aim of this study was to analyze the flap characteristics in the regional population and was planned as a cadaveric dissection study.
Methods Thirty-three legs of fresh cadavers were studied for perforator characteristics, length, and origin of pedicle and skin paddle thickness. Observations were documented and analyzed.
Results Seventeen right legs (51.5%) and sixteen left legs (48.5%) were studied. Twenty-five pedicles originated from popliteal artery (86.2%) and four (13.8%) from the common sural trunk. No perforators were seen in four legs. The mean number of perforators is 2 (0–6). The mean distance of perforator from midpoint of popliteal fossa was 10.7 cm (8–13 cm) and from posterior midline it was 3.2 cm. The mean size of the perforator was 1.1 ± 0.8 mm (0.8–1.5 mm). The mean pedicle length was 9.3 ± 1.3 cm. The mean flap thickness was 4.3 ± 0.7 mm (3.0–5.5 mm). There was no correlation for flap or perforator characteristics with side of leg.
Conclusion This study concludes that MSAP is a good flap in terms of perforator characteristics, pedicle length, and flap thickness, when a medium sized thin flap with long pedicle is needed. The location of perforator on calf varies in different population. Being a perforator flap, anatomical variability is common and should be thought of while choosing this flap.
The Impact of Social Vulnerability on Substance Use Detection Practices in Pregnancy
Authors: Lijewski Virginia A. , Aldrich Heather , Straub Heather L. 
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to synthesize current literature regarding the impact of social vulnerability on pregnancy-related substance use detection in the United States and highlight disparities in substance use detection practices. Clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, PubMed (includes MEDLINE), and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): ([“pregnancy” or “prenatal”] AND [“substance use screening” or “urine toxicology testing” or “toxicology testing” or “urine drug screening” or “CRAFFT” or “4P's” or “4P's Plus” or “NIDA Quick Screen” or “DAST-10” or “SURP-P” or “WIDUS”], AND (“bias” or “disparities” or “social vulnerability”]). The search included systematic reviews, prospective and retrospective studies, randomized controlled trials, case studies, and qualitative and quantitative research from January 2014 through November 2023. Selected literature was limited to studies published in English, which included a study population of either pregnant individuals or pregnancy health care providers in the United States, and that were focused on inequities in pregnancy substance use detection. Using Covidence, three authors screened abstracts, and two screened full articles for inclusion. The included studies were evaluated for quality of evidence using the mixed methods appraisal tool. The search yielded 4,188 manuscripts; 37 were eligible for full review. A total of 18 manuscripts were included based on the relevancy of the topic. The most common social vulnerability domain identified was minority status (17/18), followed by socioeconomic status (11/18), household characteristics (8/18), and housing type (1/18). Social vulnerability plays a role in substance use detection among pregnant individuals. Most notably, race and ethnicity, age, and public insurance lead to increased rates of detection, though most individual factors need to be studied in greater depth. This study was registered with PROSPERO (PROSPERO ID CRD42022352598), the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.
Key Points
A comprehensive exploration of structural and electronic properties of molybdenum clusters
Authors: Wei Yao , Veryazov Valera , Kantorovich Lev 
Published: March 2024

Molybdenum clusters, characterized by their unique structure and intriguing catalytic properties, have gained significant attention in recent years. In several existing studies, density functional theory (DFT) methods have been used to find the lowest energy Mo clusters and explore their electronic and magnetic structure. In all cases, with the exception of a single recent study, where a genetic algorithm was employed, initial geometries of the clusters, prior to geometry optimization, were chosen using heuristic approaches based on symmetry considerations and known structures. DFT calculations were performed using different types of pseudopotentials, from soft to hard, and different types of basis sets. However, no comprehensive study has yet been carried out in which a DFT method with the best control on its precision would be complemented by a reliable global minimum search method to find the lowest energy Mo clusters. In this work, we employ a combination of a plane wave-based DFT method and ab initio random structure searching technique to find the lowest energy clusters of up to 10 Mo atoms. In each case, the search has been performed for clusters with different spin multiplicities, which enabled us to explore their magnetic structure. The results are compared for both hard and soft pseudopotentials stressing the importance of treating more electrons explicitly, in agreement with some of the previous studies. For most of the low-energy magnetic structures found, we investigate the distribution of their spin densities, and for all low energy clusters, we confirm their stability by calculating their vibrational structure. For a few smallest clusters, the results of multiconfigurational quantum chemistry calculations are also discussed. Finally, free energies of the Mo clusters, within the quasi-harmonic approximation, are also calculated and discussed.
The effects of partition function cutoff on spectral temperature measurement in argon plasma
Authors: Yang Po , Liu Hongbing , Wang Fei , Liu Zuming , Zhang Lingfeng , Li Huan 
Published: March 2024

In order to evaluate the effect of cutoff criteria on spectral temperature measurement, partition functions are calculated for argon plasma at 3000–30 000 K using three different cutoff criteria (semi-empirical method, NIST data, and Griem’s theory). The effects of cutoff criteria on particle number density and plasma temperature measurements were discussed. The results indicate that as the plasma temperature increases, the degree of particle ionization increases and the cutoff effect weakens. The cutoff criteria have little impact on the calculation of the number density of the main components of the plasma but have a significant impact on the calculation of the number density of non-major components. The cutoff criterion using the NIST data can be reliably used for the temperature measurement, especially when the standard temperature method is used. Nevertheless, Griem’s theory should be considered for accurate calculation of radiation intensity.
Chimpanzees coordinate interrogative markers to ask questions
Authors: Dombrausky Kailie , Jensvold Mary Lee , Shaw Heidi L. , Davis J. Quentin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Questions serve to initiate and continue conversation as well as to gain information and introduce new topics. In
signed languages a question can be signaled by modifying the content of an utterance or by coordinating the use of nonmanual
markers (e.g., the questioning look) and manual modulation (e.g., holding the sign for an extended duration). Cross-fostered
chimpanzees, who use signs of American Sign Language (ASL), have demonstrated behaviors that appear in human conversation,
including question-answer exchanges. The current study describes the production of questions by signing chimpanzees in a
conversational context and offers a methodology for quantifying the relationship between nonmanual markers and manual modulation
involved in interrogative utterances.
Please take her as your wife
Authors: Ito Rika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article investigates linguistic and visual representations of the Ainu, the indigenous people of northern
Japan, in Satoru Noda’s popular televised Japanese anime Golden Kamuy (GK). The study employs multimodal
analysis, focusing on content, context, characters, and perspectives related to the deployment of the Ainu language using the
perspectives of raciolinguistics, coloniality, and intersectionality, to examine GK’s representations of Ainu regarding two
Japanese national discourses on race: the current discourse of “ethnic harmony” (or multiculturalism) and Ainu as a dying race,
popularized in the early 20th century. It argues that GK unintentionally constructs a sanitized Ainu-Japanese
relationship that epitomizes the discourse of ethnic harmony by erasing Japan’s colonial past. Simultaneously, GK
reproduces Ainu as a dying race discourse by contrasting a young bilingual Ainu co-protagonist and her monolingual grandmother.
The article discusses how advanced/backward distinctions that the Japanese elites appropriated from the 19th-century colonial
discourse are reinscribed in this anime with a modern twist. It also advocates our need to raise critical questions about
language, race, and power for a just society in various contexts, including popular media.
Can We Influence Gut Health to Reduce the Need for Antimicrobials in Pig Production?
Authors: Hall Heidi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the ever-increasing pressure to reduce antimicrobial usage on farms and increasing knowledge of how this use can increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance, the pig industry is continuously reviewing natural products and management principles with the aim of mitigating any need for pharmaceutical intervention. Gut health has been linked to both general health and lifetime animal performance and is a term which is used to describe a beneficial microbiome (a population of organisms, mainly bacteria, fungi and viruses which reside in the gut, mainly the large intestine). The microbiome is fundamental in everyday digestive processes but also plays a vital role in stress response and disease protection. Harnessing the power of the microbiome is the key to sustainable pig production. Macro factors affecting gut health and the microbiome such as management, genetics, health and nutrition are rarely discussed in partnership due to the difficulties in assessing these jointly in a scientific manner. This case study evaluates the strategies implemented in major pig-producing countries to understand how we can best manage pigs to ensure they are both happy and healthy.

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