bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitor and Protein Microarrays for Activity‐Based Recognition of Lipolytic Enzymes
Authors: Schmidinger Hannes , Susani‐Etzerodt Heidrun , Birner‐Gruenberger Ruth , Hermetter Albin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractProtein and small‐molecule microarrays are useful tools for high‐throughput analysis of DNA–protein, protein–protein, and protein–small molecule interactions. Here we report on novel microarrays for activity screening of lipases and esterases based on phosphonic acid ester inhibitors. These compounds are activity recognition probes (ARPs) and bind to active serine hydrolases in a stoichiometric and irreversible manner. Protein microarrays were generated by spotting six different lipolytic enzymes onto hydrogel‐coated glass slides. The activity of immobilized enzymes was determined after treatment with fluorescently labeled ARPs. Alternatively, biotinylated ARPs were bound to streptavidin slides in order to identify their affinity for enzymes in solution. Both systems, the protein‐ and ARP microarrays proved to be useful and versatile tools for the rapid identification and characterization of novel and known lipolytic enzymes.
Interplay of p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene and Crown Ethers En Route to Molecular Capsules and “Russian Dolls”
Authors: Dalgarno Scott J. , Fisher Julie , Raston Colin L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDiffusion‐ordered 1H NMR spectroscopy techniques have been used to determine the binding strength of p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SO3[4]) towards a number of charged crown ether species in aqueous conditions. For several (doubly) charged (di)azacrown ethers, all were bound by SO3[4] either well or very well with binding constants between 5.1×102–9.9×105 M−1. These results correlate with, and thus explain the phenomenon of rapid capture of azacrown ethers in molecular capsules based on p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene and lanthanide metals. Similarly, the formation of “Russian doll” superanions in the solution phase is also elucidated. These superanions have been shown to selectively crystallise particular polynuclear aquated metal ions from mixtures in the aqueous phase. Neutral [18]crown‐6 is not bound by p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene and displays a binding constant of 0 M−1. When sodium [18]crown‐6 is examined in a similar fashion, binding by SO3[4] is observed in solution with Ka∼3.1×103 M−1.
Glycopeptide Synthesis through endo‐Glycosidase‐Catalyzed Oligosaccharide Transfer of Sugar Oxazolines: Probing Substrate Structural Requirement
Authors: Zeng Ying , Wang Jingsong , Li Bing , Hauser Steven , Li Hengguang , Wang Lai‐Xi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn array of sugar oxazolines was synthesized and tested as donor substrates for the Arthrobacter endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (Endo‐A)‐catalyzed glycopeptide synthesis. The experiments revealed that the minimum structure of the donor substrate required for Endo‐A catalyzed transglycosylation is a Manβ1→4‐GlcNAc oxazoline moiety. Replacement of the β‐D‐Man moiety with β‐D‐Glc, β‐D‐Gal, and β‐D‐GlcNAc monosaccharides resulted in the loss of substrate activity for the disaccharide oxazoline. Despite this, the enzyme could tolerate modifications such as attachment of additional sugar residues or a functional group at the 3‐ and/or 6‐positions of the β‐D‐Man moiety, thus allowing a successful transfer of selectively modified oligosaccharides to the peptide acceptor. On the other hand, the enzyme has a great flexibility for the acceptor portion and could take both small and large GlcNAc‐peptides as the acceptor. The studies implicate a great potential of the endoglycosidase‐catalyzed transglycosylation for constructing both natural and selectively modified glycopeptides.
Synthesis of Substituted Chromenes through the DABCO‐Catalyzed Reaction of But‐3‐yn‐2‐one and Methyl Propiolate with Salicyl N‐Tosylimines (DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)
Authors: Shi Yong‐Ling , Shi Min 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe DABCO‐catalyzed (DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) reaction of but‐3‐yn‐2‐one and methyl propiolate with salicyl N‐tosylimines yields highly functionalized chromenes and has been thoroughly investigated; the rational mechanism for the reaction has been demonstrated on the basis of 1H NMR spectroscopic investigation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal‐Centered, Six‐Membered, Mixed‐Valent, Heterometallic Wheels of Iron, Manganese, and Indium
Authors: Saalfrank Rolf W. , Prakash Raju , Maid Harald , Hampel Frank , Heinemann Frank W. , Trautwein Alfred X. , Böttger Lars H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHeptanuclear metal‐centered, six‐membered, mixed‐valent, heterometallic wheels 1–3 of iron, manganese, and indium were prepared in a one‐pot reaction from N‐benzyldiethanolamine (H2L1), cesium carbonate, [PPh4]2[MnCl4], and FeCl3 or InCl3. All three complexes were characterized by the combination of elemental analysis, FAB mass spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry. and in the case of 1 additionally by Mössbauer spectroscopy. In 1, four MnII ions in the periphery are arranged in pairs alternating with one FeIII ion each, with an FeIII ion located in the center. In 2, three MnII ions alternate with three InIII ions, whereas in 3, four InIII ions are arranged in pairs and alternate with one MnII ion each. In 2 and 3 an MnII ion is encapsulated in the center.
Factors associated with surgical options for breast carcinoma
Authors: Chagpar Anees B. , Studts Jamie L. , Scoggins Charles R. , Martin Robert C.G. , Carlson David J. , Laidley Alison L. , El‐Eid Souzan E. , McGlothin Terre Q. , Noyes Robert D. , McMasters Kelly M. ,   University of Louisville Breast Sentinel Lymph Node Study
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDBreast conservation surgery (BCS) and mastectomy have equivalent survival outcomes for women with breast carcinoma, but treatment decisions are affected by many factors. The current study evaluated the impact of patient and physician factors on surgical decision‐making.METHODSStatistical analyses were performed on a prospective multicenter study of patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Patient, physician, and geographic factors were considered.RESULTSOf 4086 patients, BCS was performed in 2762 (67.6%) and mastectomy was performed in 1324 (32.4%). The median tumor size was 1.5 cm (range, < 0.1–9.0 cm) in patients undergoing BCS and 1.9 cm (range, 0.1–11.0 cm) in patients undergoing mastectomy (P < 0.00001). The median age of patients undergoing BCS was 59 years (range, 27–100 yrs), whereas patients who underwent mastectomy were older (median age of 63 yrs, range, 27–96 yrs [P < 0.00001]). Physicians in academic practices performed more lumpectomies than those who were not in an academic practice (70.9% vs. 65.7%; P = 0.001). More breast conservation procedures were performed by surgeons with a higher percentage of breast practice (P = 0.012). Geographic location was found to be significant, with the Northeast having the highest rate of breast conservation (70.8%) and the Southeast having the lowest (63.2%; P = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, patient age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.455; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.247–1.699 [P < 0.001]), tumor size (P < 0.001), tumor palpability (OR: 0.613; 95% CI, 0.524–0.716 [P < 0.001]), histologic subtype (P = 0.018), tumor location in the breast (P < 0.001), physician academic affiliation (OR: 1.193; 95% CI: 1.021–1.393 [P = 0.026]), and geographic location (P = 0.045) were found to be significant.CONCLUSIONSTreatment decisions were found to be related to patient clinicopathologic features, surgeon academic affiliation, and geographic location. Future studies will elucidate the communication and psychosocial factors that may influence patient decision‐making. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Genetic alterations in urothelial bladder carcinoma
Authors: Mhawech‐Fauceglia Paulette , Cheney Richard T. , Schwaller Juerg 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNew oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that play an important role in the pathogenesis of urothelial bladder carcinoma have been discovered. The objectives of this review were to summarize the most important oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in urothelial carcinoma and to address their role in pathogenesis, their prognostic value, and their potential use as therapeutic targets. The collected data led the authors to propose a common pathway in which the fibroblastic growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation seems to be the earliest genetic abnormality responsible for the transformation from normal tissue to atypia and dysplasia. Three different progression pathways were proposed: The first operative pathway is from dysplasia to superficial papillary pathologic Ta (pTa) tumors to pT1 tumors and, ultimately, to pT2 tumors with FGFR3 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) the responsible genes. The second major operative pathway is from dysplasia, to carcinoma in situ, and to solid pT1 and pT2 tumors. The third pathway of progression is from dysplasia to papillary T1 and pT2 tumors. The genes involved in the last 2 pathways are the p53, serine threonine protein kinase 15 (STK15), triple‐function domain (TRIO), fragile histidine triad (FHIT), p63 genes; and alterations of 20q and 5p, alterations of adhesions, angiogenesis, and matrix‐remodeling gene products also are involved. Finally, murine leukemia viral oncogene homologue 1 (RAF1) and CD9 are involved in the progression from papillary pT1 tumors to pT2 tumors. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
An improved method for discrimination of cell populations in tissue sections using microscopy‐based multicolor tissue cytometry
Authors: Ecker Rupert C. , Rogojanu Radu , Streit Marc , Oesterreicher Katja , Steiner Georg E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground:In tissue context, researchers and pathologists lack a generally applicable standard for quantitative determination of cytological parameters. Increasing knowledge of disease‐specific markers calls for an appropriate in situ tissue cytometry.Methods:Microscopy‐based multicolor tissue cytometry (MMTC) permits multicolor analysis of single cells within tissue context.Results:Tissue specimens stained for CD45/CD3/CD4/CD8 were analyzed. Specificity as well as reproducibility of MMTC is demonstrated and a novel MMTC‐based function to improve visual discrimination of subpopulations is introduced.Conclusions:Our data demonstrate that MMTC constitutes an important step toward automated and quantitative fluorometry of solid tissues and cell monolayers. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Increased immature hematopoietic progenitor cells CD34+/CD38dim in myelodysplasia
Authors: Monreal Mariela B. , Pardo Maria L. , Pavlovsky Miguel A. , Fernandez Isolda , Corrado Claudia S. , Giere Isabel , Sapia Sandra , Pavlovsky Santiago 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders affecting hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). Despite the relevance of clonal CD34+ cells in developing MDS, only few studies analyze the phenotype of this cell population. The aim of this study was to evaluate phenotypic changes on HPC in MDS that could reflect abnormalities in the differentiation process of stem cells.MethodsWe analyzed the expression of CD38 and HLA‐DR on CD34+ cells by flow cytometry in 36 patients with MDS, as well as in healthy donors (n = 12) and patients with other hematological disorders: non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma, both in complete remission (CR) (n = 32); acute lymphoblastic leukemia in CR (n = 17); de novo acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) at diagnosis (n = 22) and in CR (n = 37); and AML secondary to MDS at diagnosis (n = 19). Cases with available karyotype were grouped according to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS).ResultsCompared to normal BM, the fraction of immature HPC, characterized as CD34+bright, intermediate FSC/SSC, and CD38dim, was significantly increased in high risk MDS and secondary AML, but not in low risk MDS, (P ≤ 0.001, P = 0.03, and P = 0.7). De novo AML showed decreased immature HPC. High numbers of immature HPC correlated with higher IPSS risk groups (P = 0.05) and showed significant impact on disease progression (P = 0.03).ConclusionOur study confirms that evaluation of CD38 expression pattern on HPC is an easy and reproducible test that allows evaluating the immature subset of progenitor cells. Increased immature HPC in high risk MDS and secondary AML may reflect blocked differentiation of CD34+ cells in these diseases. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Combined fair packet scheduling policy and multi‐class adaptive CAC scheme for QoS provisioning in multimedia cellular networks
Authors: Bejaoui Tarek , Vèque Véronique , Tabbane Sami 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a combined multi‐class adaptive connection admission control algorithm and a new fair packet scheduling policy, based on an enhanced weighted fair queuing algorithm. It takes into account a realistic behaviour of traffic while considering the spatial variation of the system characterizing both the user mobility and the signal propagation impairments due to the surrounding effects. The proposed allocation scheme provides enhanced traffic performance in heterogeneous environments and achieves a good level of capacity gain. The new adaptive quality of service (QoS) oriented connection admission control (CAC) function is proposed to meet the rapidly increasing demand for providing multimedia services with diversified quality requirements. It decides whether the connection request is to be admitted into the system, on the basis of the generated interference level and the waiting time before access. This CAC scheme, based on service class differentiation, aims at maximizing the use of available radio resource and meeting the QoS requirement of higher priority users as much as possible while maintaining the minimum requirements of lower priority users, especially when the system suffers from congestion. The results indicate that significantly increased traffic performance can be achieved in comparison with other conventional investigated policies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layered view of QoS issues in IP‐based mobile wireless networks
Authors: Bai Haowei , Atiquzzaman Mohammed , Lilja David J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWith the convergence of wireless communication and IP‐based networking technologies, future IP‐based wireless networks are expected to support real‐time multimedia. IP services over wireless networks (e.g. wireless access to Internet) enhance the mobility and flexibility of traditional IP network users. Wireless networks extend the current IP service infrastructure to a mix of transmission media, bandwidth, costs, coverage, and service agreements, requiring enhancements to the IP protocol layers in wireless networks. Furthermore, QoS provisioning is required at various layers of the IP protocol stack to guarantee different types of service requests, giving rise to issues related to cross‐layer design methodology. This paper reviews issues and prevailing solutions to performance enhancements and QoS provisioning for IP services over mobile wireless networks from a layered view. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gebäudeaussteifung mittels vorgespannter Dünn‐ und “Normalbett”‐Mauertafeln
Authors: Budelmann Harald , Gunkler Erhard , Wichmann Hans‐Joachim , Husemann Ulf 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird die Wirkung von vorgespannten Wandtafeln aus Kalksandstein zur Aussteifung von Gebäuden am Beispiel der neu errichteten Halle 8 der MPA Braunschweig vorgestellt. Erstmalig wurde in Deutschland die Vorspannung von vor Ort erstelltem Mauerwerk am technischen Museum in Berlin eingesetzt. Der Unterschied der Bauweise der Halle 8 zu der des technischen Museums liegt in der Vorspannung von werkseitig gefertigten Wandtafeln in Dünn‐ und Normalbett, die geschoßhoch auf die Baustelle geliefert und vor Ort vorgespannt wurden. Derzeit existiert für dieses Bauverfahren noch keine allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung. Die Xella International GmbH rechnet für das erste Quartal 2006 mit der Erteilung einer Allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung für vorspannbare Wandtafeln mit dem dazugehörigen Spannsystem der Firma SUSPA DSI.
Grundlegende Erläuterung zum modifizierten Zulassungsverfahren für Feuerschutzabschlüsse (Stand: 1. Dezember 2005)
Authors: Wimmer Heidrun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDie Ergebnisse aus der Erprobung des modifizierten Zulassungsverfahrens für Feuerschutzabschlüsse, gewonnen in Zusammenarbeit der am Zulassungsverfahren Beteiligten (Antragsteller, Prüfstelle und DIBt), werden im Folgenden grundlegend erläutert. Sie werden – nach Beratung im dafür zuständigen Sachverständigenausschuss (SVA) “Feuerschutzabschlüsse” – als Zulassungsgrundsätze die Grundlage bilden für die Erteilung von allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen durch das Deutsche Institut für Bautechnik. Die Erkenntnisse aus der Erprobungsphase sind daher in ihrem Aufbau bereits als Zulassungsgrundsätze zusammengefasst.
Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung Z‐14.1‐4 “Verbindungselemente zur Verbindung von Bauteilen im Metallleichtbau” vom 6. September 2005
Authors: Ulbrich Detlef 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMit Bescheid vom 6. September 2005 wurde die allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung (abZ) Z‐14.1‐4 “Verbindungselemente zur Verbindung von Bauteilen im Metallleichtbau” erteilt. Sie ersetzt die allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung Z‐14.1‐4 “Verbindungselemente zur Verwendung bei Konstruktionen mit Kaltprofilen aus Stahlblech – insbesondere mit Stahlprofiltafeln” vom 25. Juni 1990 und somit auch die zugehörigen diversen Änderungs‐, Ergänzungs‐ und Verlängerungsbescheide.
Die neuen Normen der Reihe DIN�1055 und ihre bauaufsichtliche Behandlung
Authors: Häusler Vera 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDieser kurze Überblick über die neuen Normen der Reihe DIN 1055 zeigt, dass sich die Ermittlung der einwirkenden Lasten auf Tragwerke geändert hat: Insgesamt bedeutet die genauere Erfassung der Einwirkungen z. T. erheblich höheren Aufwand – nicht nur bei der eigentlichen Lastermittlung, sondern auch bei der nachfolgenden Tragwerksberechnung. Letzteres trifft besonders bei den Windlasten und Schneelasten zu.Die Gründe für die z. T. erheblichen Änderungen liegen in der Anpassung an das neue Sicherheitskonzept und der daraus folgenden Anpassung der Lastannahmen an die realen klimatischen Verhältnisse.
Betonstahl nach EN 10080 – Was haben wir zu erwarten?
Authors: Hartz Uwe 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMit Ausgabedatum August 2005 liegt die Europäische Norm DIN EN 10080 als Weißdruck vor (englische Fassung Mai 2005), im Amtsblatt der EU ist die harmonisierte Norm mit Datum vom 14. Dezember 2005 veröffentlicht, der Beginn der Koexistenzperiode wurde auf den 1. Dezember 2006 festgelegt. Damit sind in absehbarer Zeit (nach Bekanntmachung der Norm in den Mitgliedstaaten) die Voraussetzungen gegeben, CE‐gekennzeichneten Betonstahl in Verkehr zu bringen und frei zu handeln. Diese durch ECISS/TC19/SC1 erarbeitete harmonisierte Norm stellt einen neuen Typ insofern dar, dass sie zwar die Parameter aufführt, die technische Klassen definieren, diese Parameter aber ohne konkrete Zahlenwerte bleiben. Dem Produkt Betonstahl wird neben dem aus DIN 488 bekannten Werkkennzeichen eine zusätzliche dauerhafte (unauslöschliche) Kennzeichnung in Form einer Produktnummer aufgewalzt, die die jeweiligen Parameter (Leistungsmerkmale) symbolisiert und damit eine Klasse definiert. Welche Stähle mit welcher Produktnummer in den einzelnen Ländern verwendet werden dürfen, ist national unter Verweis auf entsprechende technische Spezifikationen (i.Allg. Normen) festzulegen. Im Folgenden werden nach einer kurzen Einführung über Entstehungsgeschichte und Inhalt der Norm die zu erwartenden Konsequenzen und die notwendigen bauaufsichtlichen Regelungen erläutert, wobei zu berücksichtigen ist, dass diese noch in der Diskussion sind.
Calcium‐responsive contractility during fertilization in sea urchin eggs
Authors: Stack Christianna , Lucero Amy J. , Shuster Charles B. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFertilization triggers a reorganization of oocyte cytoskeleton, and in sea urchins, there is a dramatic increase in cortical F‐actin. However, the role that myosin II plays during fertilization remains largely unexplored. Myosin II is localized to the cortical cytoskeleton both before and after fertilization and to examine myosin II contractility in living cells, Lytechinus pictus eggs were observed by time‐lapse microscopy. Upon sperm binding, a cell surface deflection traversed the egg that was followed by and dependent on the calcium wave. The calcium‐dependence of surface contractility could be reproduced in unfertilized eggs, where mobilization of intracellular calcium in unfertilized eggs under compression resulted in a marked contractile response. Lastly, inhibition of myosin II delayed absorption of the fertilization cone, suggesting that myosin II not only responds to the same signals that activate eggs but also participates in the remodeling of the cortical actomyosin cytoskeleton during the first zygotic cell cycle. Developmental Dynamics 235:1042–1052, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of the forkhead transcription factor, Foxc1, in the development of the mouse lacrimal gland
Authors: Mattiske Deidre , Sommer Paula , Kidson Susan H. , Hogan Brigid L.M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye. Foxc1 encodes a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor required for the development of many embryonic organs. Autosomal dominant mutations in human FOXC1 cause eye disorders such as Axenfeld‐Rieger Syndrome and glaucoma iris hypoplasia, resulting from malformation of the anterior segment of the eye. We show here that lacrimal gland development is severely impaired in homozygous null Foxc1 mouse mutants, with reduced outgrowth and branching. Foxc1 is expressed in both the epithelium of the lacrimal gland and the surrounding mesenchyme. FGF10 stimulates the growth and branching morphogenesis in cultures of wild type and Foxc1 mutant gland epithelial buds. However, using micromass culture of lacrimal gland mesenchyme, we show that Bmp7 induces wild type mesenchyme cells to aggregate, but Foxc1 mutant cells do not respond. This study demonstrates that Foxc1 mediates the BMP signaling required for lacrimal gland development. Developmental Dynamics 235:1074–1080, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Xenopus laevis Lhx2 during eye development and evidence for divergent expression among vertebrates
Authors: Viczian Andrea S. , Bang Anne G. , Harris William A. , Zuber Michael E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMembers of the LIM homeodomain (LIM‐HD) family of proteins are double zinc‐finger containing transcription factors with important functions in pattern formation and cell lineage determination. The LIM‐HD family member Lhx2 is required for normal eye, liver, and central nervous system formation. Lhx2−/− mice lack eyes, and experiments in Xenopus predict that Lhx2 forms a regulatory network with other eye field transcription factors to specify the eye field during eye formation. Here, we describe the structure and developmental expression pattern of the Xenopus laevis homologue, XLhx2. We show that XLhx2 shares significant amino acid sequence identity with other vertebrate Lhx2 proteins and Drosophila apterous (ap). The expression patterns of XLhx2 in the early neural plate and during eye development are consistent with a role in eye field specification and retinal differentiation. Despite highly similar expression patterns in the mouse and Xenopus central nervous system, divergent expression patterns were also observed. Phylogentic analysis confirmed the identity of the isolated cDNA as a Xenopus ortholog of Lhx2. Therefore, in spite of structural similarities, the mouse and Xenopus Lhx2 expression patterns differ, suggesting potential functional differences in these species. Developmental Dynamics 235:1133–1141, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.