bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial occurrence of multiple pterygium syndrome: Expression in a heterozygote of the recessive form or variability of the dominant form?
Authors: Prontera Paolo , Sensi Alberto , Merlo Luciano , Garani Gianpaolo , Cocchi Guido , Calzolari Elisa 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report on a case with apparently familial multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS). The proposita was a 3‐year‐old girl with classical symptoms of MPS. A careful clinical examination of the father disclosed the presence of few minor signs of the syndrome, including difficulty in opening the mouth widely, scoliosis, pectus excavatum, hands with slight cutaneous syndactyly, and bilateral single palmar creases. The radiograph of the hands disclosed malformed carpal bones and an altered metacarpal‐phalangeal pattern. The father shows limited symptoms, which has been reported before in the autosomal dominant form of MPS. However, it is also possible that he is showing a heterozygous state of the autosomal recessive form of MPS. In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of examining accurately the parents of a child who has classical MPS phenotype, even those with normal stature and an absence of facial anomalies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
pH‐dependent aggregation of cutinase is efficiently suppressed by 1,8‐ANS
Authors: Pedersen Shona , Nesgaard Lise , Baptista Ricardo P. , Melo Eduardo P. , Kristensen Søren R. , Otzen Daniel E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have studied the thermal stability of the triglyceride‐hydrolyzing enzyme cutinase from F. solani pisi at pH values straddling the pI (pH 8.0). At the pI, increasing the protein concentration from 5 to 80 μM decreases the apparent melting temperature by 19°C. This effect vanishes at pH values more than one unit away from pI. In contrast to additives such as detergents and osmolytes, the hydrophobic fluorophore 1,8‐ANS completely and saturably suppresses this effect, restoring 70% of enzymatic activity upon cooling. ANS binds strongly to native cutinase as a noncompetitive inhibitor with up to 5 ANS per cutinase molecule. Only the first ANS molecule stabilizes cutinase; however, the last 4 ANS molecules decrease Tm by up to 7°C. Similar pI‐dependent aggregation and suppression by ANS is observed for T. lanuginosus lipase, but not for lysozyme or porcine α‐amylase, suggesting that this behavior is most prevalent for proteins with affinity for hydrophobic substrates and consequent exposure of hydrophobic patches. Aggregation may be promoted by a fluctuating ensemble of native‐like states associating via intermolecular β‐sheet rich structures unless blocked by ANS. Our data highlight the chaperone activity of small molecules with affinity for hydrophobic surfaces and their potential application as stabilizers at appropriate stoichiometries. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 619–629, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Nonisothermal denaturation kinetics of human hair and the effects of oxidation
Authors: Wortmann F.‐J. , Popescu C. , Sendelbach G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHuman hair as α‐keratin fiber exhibits a complex morphology, which for the context of this investigation is considered as a filament/matrix‐composite, comprising the intermediate filaments (IF) and a variety of amorphous protein components as matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under aqueous conditions was used to analyze the denaturation of the α‐helical material in the IFs and to assess the changes imparted by repeated, oxidative bleaching processes. The DSC curves were submitted to kinetic analysis by applying the Friedman method and assuming first order kinetics. It was found that the course of the denaturation process remains largely unchanged through oxidation, despite the fact that pronounced decreases of denaturation temperature as well as of enthalpy occur. In parallel, the reaction rate constant at the denaturation temperature, k(TD), increases with repeated treatments, that is with cumulative chemical modification. However, this effect is in fact small compared to the overall change of k(T) through the denaturation process. This leads to conclude that once the temperature rise in combination with the chemical change has induced a suitable drop of the viscosity of the matrix around the IFs, denaturation of the remaining helical material occurs along a pathway that is largely independent of temperature and of the pretreatment history. This emphasizes the kinetic control of the matrix over the denaturation process of the helical segments in the filament/matrix composite. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 630–635, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
All‐atom contact potential approach to protein thermostability analysis
Authors: Chen Changjun , Li Lin , Xiao Yi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper we use all‐atom potential energy to define and analyze the inter‐residue contacts in mesophilic and thermophilic proteins. Fifteen families of proteins are selected and each family has two representative proteins with greatly different preferred environmental temperatures. We find that both the number and energy of the contacts defined in this way show stronger correlations with the preferred temperatures of proteins than other factors used before. We also find that the charged‐polar and charged‐nonpolar residue contacts not only have larger contact numbers but also have lower single contact energies. Furthermore, the most important is that most of the thermophilic proteins have more charged‐polar and charged‐nonpolar residue contacts than their mesophilic counterparts. This suggests that they may play an important role in the thermostability of proteins, except usual charged–charged and nonpolar–nonpolar residue contacts. Charged residues may exert their profound influence by forming contacts not only with other charged residues but also with polar or nonpolar residues, thus further increasing the strength of contact network and then the thermostability of proteins. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 28–37, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Plasmid system for the intracellular production and purification of affinity‐tagged proteins in Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Biedendieck Rebekka , Yang Yang , Deckwer Wolf‐Dieter , Malten Marco , Jahn Dieter 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA multiple vector system for the intracellular high‐level production of affinity tagged recombinant proteins in Bacillus megaterium was developed. The N‐ and C‐terminal fusion of a protein of interest to a Strep II and a His6‐tag is possible. Corresponding genes are expressed under the control of a xylose‐inducible promoter in a xylose isomerase deficient host strain. The exemplatory protein production of green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed differences in produced and recovered protein amounts in dependence of the employed affinity tag and its N‐ or C‐terminal location. Up to 9 mg GFP per liter shake flask culture were purified using one‐step affinity chromatography. Integration of a protease cleavage site into the recombinant fusion protein allowed tag removal via tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease or Factor Xa treatment and a second affinity chromatographic step. Up to 274 mg/L culture were produced at 52 g CDW/L using a glucose limited fedbatch cultivation. GFP production and viability of the production host were followed by flow cytometry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 525–537. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The hydrogen atom, revisited: Parallel‐field magnetic resonance
Authors: Weil John A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractConsideration of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the free hydrogen atom (1H0) reveals that, in addition to the well‐known transitions (EPR and NMR) occurring between the four spin states when the excitation magnetic field B1 is perpendicular to the static external field B, there exists a combination line (simultaneous electronic and nuclear spin flips) when B1 ∥ B, which becomes strong under some circumstances. The latter phenomenon is focused on and discussed herein, in some detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 331–336, 2006
Para‐hydrogen enrichment and hyperpolarization
Authors: Canet Daniel , Aroulanda Christie , Mutzenhardt Pierre , Aime Silvio , Gobetto Roberto , Reineri Francesca 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis article begins with general considerations about enrichment of hydrogen gas into its para isomer (corresponding to nuclear spins in the singlet state); this is a necessary condition to obtain hyperpolarization from transfer of the relevant population excess. This transfer is generally mediated by a hydrogenation reaction such that the two protons become nonequivalent. The energy level populations of this new spin system can be calculated unambiguously using a density matrix formalism. This formalism is reviewed, and the authors propose a simple method that leads to the spin state after the hydrogenation reaction and the insertion of the sample in the NMR magnet. The effect of radio‐frequency pulses is also considered. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 321–330, 2006
Multiple operating points in a square‐root domain first‐order filter
Authors: De La Cruz‐Blas Carlos A. , López‐Martín Antonio , Carlosena Alfonso , Sarmiento Arturo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper novel corrective circuits to avoid multiple operating points in a square‐root domain first‐order filter are proposed. By employing a DC test it is demonstrated that the filter possesses three operating points (two stable and one unstable) and the corrective circuits enforce the proper operating mode. The corrective circuits and filter are able to operate with very low supply voltages (as low asVGS+2VDSsat). Moreover, a detailed analysis concerning the impact that produces the corrective circuits on the filter performance is discussed. Both measurement and simulation results are provided to validate the circuits and analysis employed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unicast probing techniques for estimation of shared loss rate
Authors: Dinh Luong Dung , Vidács Attila , Bíró József , Dinh Dang Trang , Satoh Daisuke , Ishibashi Keisuke 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe paper introduces two new unicast active end‐to‐end measurement techniques, called the single–double unicast probing (SDUP) and the delay‐based unicast probing (DUP), to estimate the rate of losses which occurs on the shared network path of two flows. A comprehensive performance evaluation and a comparison between these two techniques and an existing one having the same objective, the striped unicast probing (SUP) (Proceedings of the INFOCOM 2001—The IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, No. 2, Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.A., 2001; 915–923), were carried out. We demonstrate that our proposed SDUP technique provides even better estimation accuracy compared to that of the SUP while it requires only one piece of measurement equipment at only one receiver instead of deploying units to both receivers. Furthermore, with only one sender and receiver pair we can measure not only one shared path, but any partial path that begins at the sender and is located on the sender–receiver path. We also show that while the DUP have the same accuracy as the SUP in the case of Drop‐Tail buffer management, the DUP is capable of measuring loss rates of RED buffers, which the other techniques do not work with. The SDUP and the DUP are less intrusive and cause less bursty traffic compared to the SUP. Finally, the adaptation of these techniques into passive measurements is also considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common infections in diabetes: pathogenesis, management and relationship to glycaemic control
Authors: Peleg Anton Y. , Weerarathna Thilak , McCarthy James S. , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSpecific defects in innate and adaptive immune function have been identified in diabetic patients in a range ofin vitrostudies. However, the relevance of these findings to the integrated response to infectionin vivoremains unclear, especially in patients with good glycaemic control. Vaccine efficacy seems adequate in most diabetic patients, but those with type 1 diabetes and high glycosylated haemoglobin levels are most likely to exhibit hypo‐responsiveness. While particular infections are closely associated with diabetes, this is usually in the context of extreme metabolic disturbances such as ketoacidosis. The link between glycaemic control and the risk of common community‐acquired infections is less well established but could be clarified if infection data from large community‐based observational or intervention studies were available. The relationship between hospital‐acquired infections and diabetes is well recognized, particularly among post‐operative cardiac and critically ill surgical patients in whom intensive insulin therapy improves clinical outcome independent of glycaemia. Nevertheless, further research is needed to improve our understanding of the role of diabetes and glycaemic control in the pathogenesis and management of community‐ and hospital‐acquired infections. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A green to red photoconvertible protein as an analyzing tool for early vertebrate development
Authors: Wacker Stephan A. , Oswald Franz , Wiedenmann Jörg , Knöchel Walter 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLineage labeling is one of the most important techniques in developmental biology. Most recently, a set of photoactivatable fluorescent proteins originating from marine cnidarians became available. Here, we introduce the application of the green to red photoconvertible protein EosFP as a novel technique to analyze early vertebrate development. Both injection of EosFP mRNA and purified, recombinant EosFP followed by a light‐driven green to red conversion allow lineage labeling in virtually any temporal and spatial dimension during embryonic development for at least 2 weeks. Specific staining of cells from nonsurface layers is greatly facilitated by light‐driven conversion of EosFP compared with traditional methods. Therefore, green to red photoactivatable proteins promise to be a powerful tool with the potential to satisfy the increasing demand for methods enabling detailed phenotypical analyses after manipulations of morphogenetic events, gene expression, or signal transduction. Developmental Dynamics 236:473–480, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spirituality and clinical care in eating disorders: A qualitative study
Authors: Marsden Patricia , Karagianni Efthalia , Morgan John F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective:Historical and contemporary research has posited links between eating disorders and religious asceticism. This study aimed to examine relationships between eating disorders, religion, and treatment.Method:Qualitative study using purposeful sampling, applying audiotaped and transcribed depth interview, subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results:Participants were 10 adult Christian women receiving inpatient treatment for anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Five dominant categories emerged: locus of control, sacrifice, self‐image, salvation, maturation. Appetitive control held moral connotations. Negative self‐image was common, based more on sin than body‐image. Medical treatment could be seen as salvation, with religious conversion manifesting a quest for healing, but treatment failure threatened faith. Beliefs matured during treatment, with prayer, providing a healing relationship.Conclusion:Religious beliefs impact on attitudes and motivation in eating disorders. Clinicians' sensitivity determines how beliefs influence clinical outcome. Treatment modifies beliefs such that theological constructs of illness cannot be ignored. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Synthesis and Properties of Complexes of Vanadium(V) Oxide Trichloride with Nitrogen‐ and Oxygen‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Beard Charlotte D. , Barrie Rosalind J. , Evans John , Levason William , Reid Gillian , Spicer Mark D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIntensely coloured, extremely moisture sensitive complexes [VOCl3(L)] (L = pyridine, quinoline, Ph3PO, Ph3AsO, pyridine N‐oxide), [VOCl3(L)2] (L = pyridine, Me3PO, pyridine N‐oxide), [VOCl3(L–L)] [L–L = 2,2′‐bipyridyl, 1,10‐phenanthroline, Ph2P(O)CH2P(O)Ph2, MeOCH2CH2OMe, 15‐crown‐5or Me2NCH2CH2NMe2] and [Cl3OV(μ‐L–L)VOCl3] [L–L =18‐crown‐6 or Ph2P(O)CH2P(O)Ph2] have been prepared from VOCl3 and the appropriate ligands in dichloromethane solution. These constitute the first extended series of complexes of vanadium(V) with neutral donor ligands. They have been fully characterised by analysis, IR, UV/Visible and multinuclear (1H, 31P, 51V) NMR spectroscopy, and their solution behaviour probed as a function of temperature using 51V NMR spectroscopy. Reducing ligands including phosphanes, arsanes, thio‐ and selenoethers immediately reduce VOCl3 to give VIV or VIII species. Oxygen atom transfer reactions of some of the complexes with Ph3P, Ph3As, Me2Se and Bu2S, leading to the corresponding ligand oxides are also described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Effects of Fluorine and Chlorine Substituents across the Fjords of Bifluorenylidenes: Overcrowding and Stereochemistry
Authors: Pogodin Sergey , Rae Ian D. , Agranat Israel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe bistricyclic aromatic enes (BAEs) (E)‐ and (Z)‐1,1′‐difluorobifluorenylidene, 1,8,1′,8′‐tetrafluorobifluorenylidene, (E)‐ and (Z)‐3,3′‐difluorobifluorenylidene, 3,6,3′,6′‐tetrafluorobifluorenylidene, and their chlorinated analogues were subjected to a DFT study of overcrowding in their fjord regions. The B3LYP hybrid functional was employed to calculate energies and geometries of the twisted conformations of these BAEs. The diastereomers E11′F2 and Z11′F2 have identical twist angles (ω = 37.1°) and similar degrees of overcrowding, but differ in the degree and mode of pyramidalization, χ. In E11′F2, χ(C9) = +χ(C9′) = 7.0° (syn‐pyramidalization), while in Z11′F2, χ(C9) = –χ(C9′) = 1.0° (anti‐pyramidalization). By contrast, in E11′Cl2 and Z11′Cl2, ω = 40.6° and 42.7°, respectively. Introducing four halogen substituents results in higher twist angles: ω = 40.3° in 181′8′F4 and 52.6° in 181′8′Cl4. Surprisingly, Z11′F2 is more stable than E11′F2 (ΔH298 = –1.9 kJ/mol), whereas Z11′Cl2 is less stable than E11′Cl2 (ΔH298 = 2.2 kJ/mol). Both results are consistent with the experimental relative stabilities of these diastereomers. The unexpected stability of Z11′F2 is explained by a combination of steric and electronic effects. Calculations of Coulomb energies for point charge systems of atoms C, F, and H in the fjord regions shows stabilization of the (Z) diastereomer by –45.5 kJ/mol. The dipole–dipole interactions in the fjord region destabilize Z11′F2 by 6.4 kJ/mol relative to E11′F2. Careful examination of the NMR spectra of E11′F2 and Z11′F2 shows, in the latter, evidence of long‐range fluorine–fluorine coupling over seven bonds (11.4 Hz) and carbon–fluorine coupling over six bonds (4.8 Hz).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Stream geomorphology in a mountain lake district: hydraulic geometry, sediment sources and sinks, and downstream lake effects
Authors: Arp C. D. , Schmidt J. C. , Baker M. A. , Myers A. K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLakes are common in glaciated mountain regions and geomorphic principles suggest that lake modifications to water and sediment fluxes should affect downstream channels. Lakes in the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho, USA, were created during glaciation and we sought to understand how and to what extent glacial morphology and lake disruption of fluxes control stream physical form and functions. First, we described downstream patterns in channel form including analyses of sediment entrainment and hydraulic geometry in one catchment with a lake. To expand on these observations and understand the role of glacial legacy, we collected data from 33 stream reaches throughout the region to compare channel form and functions among catchments with lakes, meadows (filled lakes), and no past or present lakes. Downstream hydraulic geometry relationships were weak for both the single catchment and regionally. Our data show that downstream patterns in sediment size, channel shape, sediment entrainment and channel hydraulic adjustment are explained by locations of sediment sources (hillslopes and tributaries) and sediment sinks (lakes). Stream reaches throughout the region are best differentiated by landscape position relative to lakes and meadows according to channel shape and sediment size, where outlets are wide and shallow with coarse sediment, and inlets are narrow and deep with finer sediment. Meadow outlets and lake outlets show similarities in the coarse‐sediment fraction and channel capacity, but meadow outlets have a smaller fine‐sediment fraction and nearly mobile sediment. Estimates of downstream recovery from lake effects on streams suggest 50 per cent recovery within 2–4 km downstream, but full recovery may not be reached within 20 km downstream. These results suggest that sediment sinks, such as lakes, in addition to sources, such as tributaries, are important local controls on mountain drainage networks. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time trends of breast cancer survival in Europe in relation to incidence and mortality
Authors: Sant Milena , Francisci Silvia , Capocaccia Riccardo , Verdecchia Arduino , Allemani Claudia , Berrino Franco 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIncreasing breast cancer survival, observed in most western countries, is not easily interpreted: it could be due to better treatment, more effective treatment due to earlier diagnosis or simply lead‐time bias. Increased diagnostic activity (e.g., screening) can inflate both incidence and survival. To understand interrelations between incidence, mortality and survival trends and their consequences, we analyzed survival trends in relation to mortality and incidence. Starting with observed survival from EUROCARE, mortality from WHO and using the MIAMOD method, we estimated breast cancer incidence trends from 1970 to 2005 in 10 European countries. To smooth out peaks in incidence and survival due to early diagnosis activity, survival trends were assumed similar to those observed by EUROCARE in 1983–1994. The following patterns emerged: (1) increasing survival with increasing incidence and declining or stable mortality (Sweden, Finland); (2) slight survival increase, marked incidence increase and slight mortality decrease (Denmark, the Netherlands and France); (3) increasing survival, marked decrease in mortality and tendency to incidence stabilization (UK); (4) marked survival increase, steady or decreasing mortality and moderate increases in incidence (Spain, Italy); (5) stable survival, increasing incidence and mortality (Estonia). In most countries survival increased, indicating a real advantage for patients when accompanied by decreasing or stable mortality, and attributable to improved cancer care (Sweden, UK, France, Italy and Spain). In Finland (with high survival), the Netherlands and Denmark, increasing mortality and incidence indicate increasing breast cancer risk, probably related to life‐style factors. In Estonia, low and stable survival in the context of increasing incidence and mortality suggests inadequate care. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.