bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC GONADOTROPHINRELEASING HORMONE (Gn-RH) ON CIRCULATING LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) AND TESTOSTERONE IN YOUNG POST-PUBERTAL BULLS
Authors: Thibier M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The reproducibility of LH and testosterone responses after Gn-RH treatment in young post-pubertal bulls was tested. Ten bulls were injected im (250 μg) twice with an interval of 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected every 15 min for 2½ h and then on the second occasion, every hour. LH increases very rapidly and reaches an initial peak by 30 min after GnRH injection. This increase over basal level was 25 to 30-fold. After a plateau of high levels lasting 40 to 50 min, a second peak of LH concentration occurs. LH then decreases and returns to basal levels by 6 to 7 h after treatment. The increase of plasma testosterone was more prolonged and of smaller magnitude than that of LH: 3 to 4-fold. There was a large and significant variation between bulls; but with LH, a given individual responded in a consistent manner on the two separate occasions. It is concluded that LH response to Gn-RH treatment might be useful and should be tested as of diagnostic value for clinical or breeding purposes. The testosterone response does not seem to be as valuable and reliable as that of LH.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF OESTRONE IN PLASMA
Authors: Doerr Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for oestrone (Oe1) in plasma was developed using an ether extraction, a partition between NaOH and light petroleum, and a TLC as sample purification and an antiserum cross-reacting with Oe2 for the final assay (Method A1). The reliability criteria are given in detail. In order to simplify this method a highly specific antiserum was developed by using Oe1-3-hemisuccinate-BSA as an antigen. Using this antiserum for the final assay but omitting the TLC (Method B) the Oe1 concentration in male plasma was 76 % overestimated (Method B compared with Method A1). In pregnancy plasma Oe1 could specifically be determined after a simple ether extraction (Method C). It was concluded that the use of a highly specific antiserum (as determined by cross-reaction studies) for the final assay does not necessarily imply that a chromatographic sample purification can be omitted without loss in assay specificity. This appears to be true mainly in cases where the steroid concentration of the sample is low.
Normal values of Oe1 from 80 healthy adult males were ascertained by Method A1. Age group I (22–61 years, n = 48) ranged from 1.22–5.60 ng/100 ml, median 2.81; age group II (67–90 years, n = 32) from 1.55–6.40, median 3.41. The small increase of Oe1 with age was highly significant.
PITUITARY LH AND FSH SECRETION AND RESPONSIVENESS IN WOMEN OF OLD AGE
Authors: Scaglia Hugo , Medina Martha , Pinto-Ferreira Ada L. , Vazques Guadalupe , Gual Carlos , Perez-Palacios Gregorio 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The plasma concentrations and episodic fluctuations of immunoreactive FSH and LH as well as the pituitary sensitivity to LH-RH stimulation were evaluated in post-menopausal women. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to age. Group 1: 60–70 years old (n=11), group 2: 70–80 years old (n=22), group 3: 80–90 years old (n=31) and group 4: 90–100 years old (n=8). Standards used in gonadotrophin radioimmunoassays included the LER-907 preparation and a pooled post-menopausal serum. Since it was found that circulating gonadotrophins have an immunological pattern different from that shown by the pituitary preparation, the results were expressed in mIU/ml calculated accordingly to the immunological behaviour of pooled post-menopausal sera. The mean (± se) plasma levels of FSH (mIU/ml) were: group 1: 105.9 ± 9.5, group 2: 149.3 ± 10.5, group 3: 124.8 ± 7.1 and group 4: 149.4 ± 25.3. The mean (± se) plasma levels of LH (mIU/ml) were: group 1: 81.9 ± 12.5, group 2: 95.4 ± 9.9, group 3: 84.3 ± 7.7 and group 4: 113.5 ± 19.1. No statistically significant differences were observed among the 4 groups. One patient from each group was randomly selected in order to evaluate their LH and FSH episodic release as well as their pituitary responsiveness to exogenous stimulation. A pulsatile plasma pattern of gonadotrophin and a normal pituitary response to LH-RH injection were observed in the 4 patients studied. The results are interpreted as demonstrating that normal pituitary gonadotrophin function and pituitary reserve and responsiveness to exogenous stimulation are maintained in women of advanced age.
ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT NEUROHYPOPHYSIS DURING INCREASED LEVELS OF GONADOTROPHIC HORMONES, IN DIABETES INSIPIDUS (BRATTLEBORO STRAIN) AND AFTER WATER LOADING
Authors: Boer G. J. , van Leeuwen F. W. , Swaab D. F. , Nolten J. W. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The acid phosphatase activity of the rat neurohypophysis was measured during increased gonadotrophic hormone levels, in diabetes insipidus (DI) (Brattleboro strain) and after water loading, i. e. conditions that interfere with the function of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS). In addition determinations of tissue protein, lipid and DNA and of water metabolism were performed.
Neurohypophyseal acid phosphatase activity expressed on a dry weight basis increased under all conditions. For gonadectomized females, Brattleboro rats and water loaded males an increased water metabolism was observed. The increased acid phosphatase activity is interpreted as being related to disposal of release residues during stimulation of the HNS (increased gonadotrophic hormone levels and DI) and to disposal of neurosecretory material during inhibition (water loading).
SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Lebacq E. G. , Therasse G. , Schmitz A. , Delannoy A. , Destailleurs C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Eleven cases are reported of subacute thyroiditis with histopathological study; there were 9 females and 2 males.
Bacteriological studies were inconclusive.
Different stages of pathological involvement were observed at the same time in all patients.
The clinical course followed the classical pattern in most cases: hyperthyroid-like, hypothyroid-like phase and recovery.
Blood TSH assessment before and after TRH stimulation revealed an early phase of depression unresponsive to TRH, followed by high levels with marked stimulation; during the first phase, radioiodine uptake was low, but was enhanced by exogenous TSH administration; accordingly the low uptake seems to be due to low TSH levels and not to complete destruction of the thyroid gland. Failure of TSH levels to rise after TRH stimulation is typical of this stage of the disease.
Although the final outcome is not yet predictable in some patients, definitive myxoedema appears to be probable in two cases.
EFFECT OF METYRAPONE ON CORTISOL BINDING CAPACITY IN PLASMA
Authors: Kehlet Henrik , Binder Chr. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Metyrapone was added in vitro to six different samples of normal plasma (0.1 mg/ml plasma) and administered orally (30 mg/kg) to 5 adrenalectomized patients. An increased ratio free, non protein-bound cortisol: total cortisol in plasma was demonstrated after metyrapone in all six in vitro studies and in 4 of the 5 adrenalectomized patients. These findings may explain the accelerating effect of metyrapone on cortisol metabolism.
DECARBOXYLATION OF ORNITHINE AND ADENOSYLMETHIONINE IN RAT OVARY DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Guha S. K. , Janne J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The activities of L-ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) fluctuate markedly in rat ovary during the normal oestrous cycle. Ovarian ornithine and adenosylmethionine decarboxylases also showed profound changes during pregnancy of the rat. Both enzyme activities were remarkably low in the ovary through the first 11 days of pregnancy, but sharply increased at the time the placenta is formed in the rat. The enzyme activities remained elevated almost until term. It appears that the stimulation of polyamine synthesis in rat ovary, as reflected by the enhanced decarboxylation of ornithine and adenosylmethionine, is associated with the growth of the ovarian tissue rather than the secretory function of the corpus luteum during pregnancy.
IN VITRO STUDIES ON ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE OF STEROID ESTERS IN THE FEMALE ORGANISM
Authors: Bellmann Otto , Duhme Hans-Jürgen , Gerhards Erich 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The decreasing water-solubility of steroid esters concomitant with increasing chain length of monocarboxylic acids provides a prolonged therapeutic effect of the steroid. Whether a slow release of the steroid from an oily depot in the muscle or a secondary storage of the ester in the body fat ("deep compartment") are responsible for this prolonged action, is open to discussion. The aim of this study was to investigate the steroid ester cleaving enzyme activity of human subcutaneous fatty tissue. The following steroid esters were investigated: Testosterone acetate and oenanthate, metenolone acetate and oenanthate, norethisterone acetate and oenanthate, dehydroepiandrosterone acetate and oenanthate, fluocortolone acetate and caproate.
In the 10 000 x g supernatant phase of the female subcutaneous fatty tissue the rate of enzymatic cleavage of the long-chain oenanthates was considerably greater than that of the corresponding short-chain steroid esters. The nature and position of the ester group in the steroid molecule exhibited a marked effect on the rate of enzymatic cleavage of steroid esters.
The cleavage rate of long- and short-chain steroid esters in human myometrium and endometrium resembled that in the fatty tissue. On the other hand, the gastric mucosa, rectus musculature, placenta and vaginal mucosa split the short-chain steroid esters more rapidly than the long-chain esters. The marked differences in the relation of the cleavage rate of long- and short-chain steroid esters in the various tissues allow the assumption that long- and short-chain steroid esters are cleaved by different enzymes.
UPTAKE OF [3H]PROGESTERONE BY THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY AND SOME OTHER TISSUES OF THE HEN DURING AN OVULATORY CYCLE
Authors: Tanaka Katuhide , Kamiyoshi Michiharu , Kawashima Mitsuo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
[1,2-3H]progesterone was injected intravenously into White Leghorn hens at various times during the period between ovulations of the initial ovum and the second ovum (C2) of an egg-laying sequence, and the uptake of radioactivity was determined in tissues of the anterior lobe of pituitary, median eminence, telencephalon, liver, adrenal, magnum and pectoral muscle. The uptake by the anterior lobe of the pituitary changed during the ovulatory cycle showing a peak 8 h before C2 ovulation. Similar changes were also observed in the median eminence and in the magnum, but not in the other tissues examined.
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PITUITARY ADENOMA BEFORE AND AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY
Authors: Lindholm J. , Rasmussen P. , Korsgaard O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The thyroid and adrenal function was studied in 54 patients with a histologically verified pituitary adenoma before and after neurosurgical therapy. Even following operation at which radical removal of the pituitary was intended more than 50 per cent of the patients had a normal function of the thyroid and of the adrenal cortex.
MEASUREMENT OF INTRACELLULAR T3 AND T3 DISPOSAL IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Hennemann G. , Smeulers J. , van der Does I. , Docter R. , Visser T. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The exchangeable intracellular T3 pool (Z1) and the T3 disposal (D) were measured in a group of 11 normal subjects.
For the calculation of D an integral approach of the 125I triiodothyronine kinetics was used. The final distribution space of injected 131I human serum albumin was used for the calculation of Z1. It was found that (mean ± sd) 80.6 ± 3.25 % of the total body T3 was confined to the intracellular compartment. D was 26.3 ± 9.1 μg/day and Z1 26.3 ± 9.4 μg. On the basis of available data with regard to T4 body distribution it is concluded that T3 not only differs from T4 with respect to intra- and extracellular distribution but also in partition between the non-hepatic and hepatic intracellular compartments. In addition it is calculated that the turnover of the exchangeable intracellular T3 pool is more rapid (24 h) than that of T4 (4.5 days).
OVARIAN ENZYMATIC DIVERGENCE IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME EXCRETING URINARY PREGNANETRIOLONE
Authors: Maschler Itzhak , Salzberger Maccabi , Finkelstein Michael 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When ovarian mitochondria from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (POS) were incubated with [7-3H] 17α-hydroxypregnenolone and [4-14C]-17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 11β-hydroxylated metabolites were obtained. The mitochondria, prepared from pooled, frozen, polycystic ovarian tissue of 5 patients, converted [7-3H] 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to 3β,11β,17α-trihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one (yield 0.065%) and to 3β,17α-dihydroxy-5-pregnene-11,20-dione (0.22%), while [4-14C] 17α-hydroxyprogesterone was converted to 21-deoxycortisol (0.1%). Incubation of mitochondria, prepared from 4 pooled samples of frozen, normal ovarian tissue, yielded no evidence of 11β-hydroxylation of either of the substrates. Mitochondria obtained from fresh, polycystic ovarian tissue of a single patient with POS converted [7-3H] 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to 3β,17α-dihydroxy-5-pregnene-11,20-dione (2.1%) and [4-14C] 17α-hydroxyprogesterone to 21-deoxycortisol (0.1 %). When the same mitochondrial preparation was incubated simultaneously with [7-3H] 17α-hydroxypregnenolone and [4-14C] 11-deoxycortisol, it converted 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to 3β,17α-dihydroxy-5-pregnene-11,20-dione (1.9%), but no 11β-hydroxylated derivatives of 11-deoxycortisol were found. These results demonstrate that ovaries of patients with POS contain an 11β-hydroxylase active towards C-21-deoxysteroids but inert to C-21-hydroxysteroids such as 11-deoxycortisol.
THE RESPONSE OF THE IMMATURE RAT OVARY TO GONADOTROPHINS: ACUTE CHANGES IN CYCLIC AMP, PROGESTERONE, TESTOSTERONE, ANDROSTENEDIONE AND OESTRADIOL AFTER TREATMENT WITH PMS OR FSH + LH
Authors: Sashida T. , Johnson D. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioimmunoassays were used to measure changes in progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, oestradiol, gonadotrophin and ovarian cyclic AMP in immature female rats during the first 24 h after exposure to slowly (PMS) or rapidly (FSH + LH) disappearing gonadotrophins. Cyclic AMP was increased 30 min after injection of either kind of gonadotrophin but it had returned to control level within 4 h. Serum and ovarian testosterone and androstenedione also increased to a peak at 30 min but decreased to base line by the 4th h. Multiple injections of FSH + LH maintained an elevated serum testosterone level but they had little effect upon the secretion of androstenedione.
Serum and ovarian progesterone increased quickly after treatment with gonadotrophin. With PMS the peak in the serum was reached at 8 h, it remained high for 4 h and then fell precipitously between the 12th and 16th h. FSH + LH produced a prompt increase in serum progesterone but the level could be maintained only by repeated doses given every 4 h. Oestradiol was not increased in the serum or the ovary until 20 h after PMS. One or two doses of FSH + LH did not produce an increase in oestrogen but a transient increase was found with 3 doses; 4 doses kept an elevated level of oestradiol for 12 h. These results indicate that the aromatizing system of the immature rat ovary is relatively inactive and that continual stimulation by gonadotrophin for about 10–12 h is necessary to bring about increased function. In contrast, the mechanisms for the synthesis and secretion of progesterone and androgens are very active and can be immediately stimulated by exposure to gonadotrophins.
CO-EXISTENT PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM AND ISOLATED ACTH DEFICIENCY
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Ogihara T. , Miyai K. , Kumahara Y. , Hirata Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 52 year old man is described in whom the simultaneous occurrence of isolated adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) deficiency and primary hypothyroidism was documented by the determination of six anterior pituitary hormones by specific radioimmunoassays after suitable stimulations. The urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids excretion was persistently reduced and was increased by repeated ACTH injections. The low basal metabolic rate, reduced serum thyroid hormones and elevated serum thyrotrophic hormone were consistent with primary hypothyroidism. After resumption of euthyroidism, secretory reserves of growth hormone and ACTH were assessed. The growth hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was normal. No rise in plasma cortisol and ACTH was observed following insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Plasma ACTH was not augmented by iv infusion of metyrapone. The pathogenesis of two co-existent endocrine deficiencies was discussed.
THYROID IODINE UPTAKE, THYROID IODINE SECRETION AND PLASMA TSH LEVELS IN MALE RATS DURING THE DAY AND NIGHT
Authors: Pallardo Luis F. , Pericás Isabel , Jolín Trinidad 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experiments were performed to assess whether the diurnal changes in thyroid 131I metabolism are paralleled by variations in endogenous iodine. The uptake of iodide by the thyroid gland was determined by a double isotope technique. The T/S iodine ratio and the rate of 131I and 127I secretion from the thyroid gland were determined in rats fed LID during 20 days. The accumulation of iodine by the thyroid gland was prevented by KClO4 and organic iodine formation was blocked by PTU. The absolute uptake of iodide by the thyroid gland was twice as high during the night than during the day. The thyroid/serum iodide ratios were highest during the night. The rate of release of 131I and 127I from the thyroid gland was augmented in the afternoon. The concentration of TSH in the plasma, measured by radioimmunoassay, was elevated in the afternoon as compared to other times during the day and night. The close association between the diurnal changes in thyroid iodine secretion and plasma TSH concentrations suggest that TSH may be responsible for the differences in iodine secretion observed during the day and night. On the other hand, the intake of iodine in the diet and the urinary clearance of iodine showed diurnal rhythms; the highest values occurred during the night. In addition, about twice as much iodine was available to the thyroid gland at night than during the day. These factors might also contribute to the diurnal variations observed in thyroid iodine metabolism.
PLASMA ALDOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS RELATED TO 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Pham-Huu-Trung M. T. , Raux M. C. , Gourmelen M. , Baron M. C. , Girard F. , Marrec D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma aldosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentrations were measured in 35 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia resulting from 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Ten patients had never been treated and among them were 4 salt-losing infants. Both aldosterone and 17-OHP were high in the 6 untreated non salt-losers. The values ranged respectively from 110 to 376 pg/ml and from 150 to 292 ng/ml. Results were variable in the 4 salt-losers. Three out of 5 untreated non salt-losers who were submitted to a low sodium diet, responded by doubling their aldosterone levels.
When plasma 17-OHP concentrations were < 30 ng/ml, the mean aldosterone level in the treated non salt-losers (n = 6) was 15.3 pg/ml ± 4.3 (se). This value was not different from the mean level found in the control children (n = 7), 18.8 pg/ml ± 3.2. In the treated salt-losers (n = 9), the measured aldosterone levels were ≦ 10 pg/ml 7 times out of 9. When the treated patients exhibited plasma 17-OHP concentrations > 30 ng/ml, the salt-losers (n = 11) were distinguished from the non salt-losers (n = 8) in that they showed a significantly lower aldosterone mean level, 24.6 pg/ml ± 4.3 against 69 pg/ml ± 13.4 found in the non salt-losers.
The salt-losers displayed no aldosterone increases to synthetic ACTH stimulation under treatment or at the withdrawal of treatment, while positive aldosterone responses were often observed in the non salt-losers. In the latter group, studied under different conditions (with and without therapy, on low sodium diet, after ACTH test) a significant correlation was found between aldosterone and 17-OHP levels expressed in log. values, (n = 38, r = 0.80, P < 0.001). The relationship could also be established with the values obtained from all the salt-losers, but it was less significant, (n = 35, r = 0.46, P < 0.02).
PLASMA LEVELS OF UNCONJUGATED STEROIDS IN MALE BABOONS (PAPIO HAMADRYAS) AND RHESUS MONKEYS (MACACA MULATTA)
Authors: Aso T. , Goncharov N. , Cekan Z. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to find suitable animal models to aid in the study of the reproductive processes of the human male, plasma levels of unconjugated pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, oestrone and oestradiol were measured in 18 male baboons and 10 male rhesus monkeys and the steroid levels were compared with those previously established in normospermic, middle-aged men.
Significant species differences were found with regard to the three Δ5-steroids studied; whereas the approximate relationship of pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone was 1:2:4 in men, the corresponding relationship was 1:5:30 in rhesus monkeys and 1:10:10 in baboons.
Similar levels of 20α-dihydroprogesterone were found in the three species. On the other hand, the 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels in baboons were much lower and the levels of androstenedione lower than those found in men and in rhesus monkeys.
No species difference was found with regard to circulating testosterone levels. However, both rhesus monkeys and baboons exhibited much higher levels of dihydrostestosterone than did men.
Oestrone levels were higher in baboons than in men and oestradiol levels were higher in rhesus monkeys than in men and in baboons.
The significant differences in circulating steroid levels suggest that further studies (including i.a. steroid analyses in testicular tissue, seminal plasma and spermatic artery and vein following both stimulation and suppression of testicular endocrine function) are required before preference can be given to any of the two species studied as a suitable animal model for the study of new fertility regulating agents.
GROWTH HORMONE, INSULIN AND SUGAR IN THE BLOOD PLASMA OF BULLS. INTERRELATED DIURNAL VARIATIONS
Authors: Blom Anne Kristine , Halse K. , Hove K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma growth hormone (GH) of eight young, sexually mature, pedigree bulls, observed at hourly intervals, varied during the day in a manner indicating intermittent secretion in peaks or bursts. The diurnal GH averages were about 10 ng/ml.
GH averages for 2–3 h intervals showed minima following or during the periods of morning and afternoon feeding. A third minimum occurred between 10 and 12 p.m. Peak activity, estimated by the frequency of GH values greater than 10 ng/ml was significantly reduced during two of these low-GH-periods (afternoon and late night).
The minima in GH followed after (morning) or coincided with (afternoon) maxima in plasma insulin (two materials, GH/insulin, 11 a. m.-10 p. m.: r=−0.31 and −0.34, P < 0.01). This means that the two hormones behaved after food intake much in the same ways as in man in spite of the fact that plasma sugar decreased after feeding (GH/sugar, 11 a. m.-10 p.m.: r = 0.27, two materials combined, P < 0.001).
The possibility of GH involvement in the hour-to-hour metabolic homoeostasis of the animals is discussed.