bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Solvent Effects on the Rate of Heterolysis Reactions: Relative Importance of Cation and Anion Solvation
Authors: Mitsuhashi Tsutomu , Yamamoto Gaku , Hirota Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A number of heterolysis reactions which are insusceptible or less susceptible to hydrogen bonding by protic solvents are exemplified. It is emphasized that reactions of this type are as important as those of the hydrogen bond-susceptible type that are prone to be taken as a common feature of heterolysis reactions. Evidence that a primary factor in determining the type of reaction is the relative importance of cation and anion solvation is given by introducing a two-parameter equation for solvent effects on the rate: ΔG‡ = ΔG‡DMSO − a(χ+ + bχ− − 1) in which χ+ and χ− are scales for cation and anion solvation for a particular solvent, respectively. These scales have been derived from purely kinetic data for eight solvents; methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, pyridine, nitrobenzene, and acetone. The equation applies satisfactorily to twelve typical heterolysis reactions. The coefficients a and b represent the sensitivity to solvent change and the relative importance of cation and anion solvation, respectively. When b = 1, the rate in DMSO is equal to that in methanol, and thus heterolysis reactions can be classified: b &gt; 1, hydrogen bond-susceptible; b &lt; 1, hydrogen bond-insusceptible.
Synthesis of (E)-9,10,13-Trihydroxy-11-octadecenoic Acids
Authors: Kato Tadahiro , Hirukawa Toshihumi , Yano Masakuni 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Our previous research concerning anti-rice blast fungus substances from the rice plants has led to the isolation of various types of oxygenated fatty acids as exemplified by 9,12,13-trihydroxy C-18 fatty acid. The fatty acids play an important role in the defense of the rice plants against this fungus. For evaluation of biological activity, we needed the isomeric trihydroxy fatty acids. This paper describes the synthesis of four stereoisomers of 9,10,13-trihydroxy fatty acid.
Photoelectrochemical Deposition of Nickel onto TiO2 Particles. Formation of Nickel Patterns without Resists
Authors: Morishita Shinya , Suzuki Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the presence of citric acid, the photoelectrochemical deposition of nickel onto TiO2-sol particles was observed due to the quantum size effect. Selective plating of nickel onto irradiated parts of a TiO2-adhered-alumina plate without resists was accomplished in an electroless nickel plating solution containing citric acid.
Study of Reverse Micellization of Span 60 in Toluene
Authors: Rakshit Animesh Kumar , Vangani Veena 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Critical reverse micelle concentration (crmc) of Span 60 in toluene was determined by iodine solubilization method at 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. The corresponding thermodynamic quantities of reverse micellization process were computed and are discussed.
Temperature Dependence of Viscosity B Coefficients for Disodium α,ω-Alkanedisulfonates and Disodium α,ω-Alkanediyl Disulfates in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Tamaki Kunio , Ohara Yoko , Akimoto Yukiko , Koshiishi Kyoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The viscosity B coefficients for aqueous solutions of disodium α,ω-alkanedisulfonates NaO3S(CH2)nSO3Na (n = 2, 4, 6—8, 10, and 12) and disodium α,ω-alkanediyl disulfates NaO3SO(CH2)nOSO3Na (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) have been determined at 15, 25, and 35 °C. The effect of structural changes in the solvent water upon the dissolution of these amphiphilic electrolytes is discussed.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of Asebotoxin IV
Authors: Sato Mamoru , Katsube Yukiteru , Katai Masaaki , Katakawa Jun’ichi , Tetsumi Tadahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of asebotoxin IV has been determined by X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The crystals are triclinic, space group P1, with a = 9.934(2), b = 8.8746(9), c = 7.0073(9) Å, α = 71.05(1), β = 80.04(1), γ = 70.71(1)°, V = 549.8(2) Å3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.337 g cm−3. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by the full matrix least-squares method to a final R = 0.038 for 1604 independent reflections with Fo &gt; 3σ (Fo). The molecule is based on a tetracyclic structure consisting of two five-membered, one six-membered and one seven-membered rings with various conformations.
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Give Unstable Carbon Oxides. Electron Transfer from the Reduction Products of Carbon Dioxide with Benzoin Carbanion to Triphenylcarbenium Ion
Authors: Akiyama Fuminori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaction of the reduction products of carbon dioxide (CO2) by benzoin carbanion with triphenylcarbenium ion (1) gave 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-(triphenylmethyl)benzene (2) which was considered to be electron transfer product from the reduction products of CO2 to 1.
Co2(CO)8-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Carbonylation of Cyclic Ethers Using N-Silylamines
Authors: Watanabe Yoshihisa , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Zhang Kunsan , Okuda Fumio , Kondo Teruyuki , Tsuji Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Co2(CO)8-catalyzed ring-opening carbonylation of oxiranes and oxetane smoothly proceeds with high regioselectivity under 1 atm of carbon monoxide at room temperature to give the corresponding β- and γ-siloxy amides in high yields, respectively. [(R3Si)2NR1R2]+[Co(CO)4]− is thought to be an active catalyst species and directs the high regioselectivity of the carbonylation.
Addition Reaction of a p-Benzoquinone Diimine Derivative to p-Substituted Phenols
Authors: Miyagi Yo , Takano Machiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A facile reaction between N,N′-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-p-benzoquinone diimine and electron-donating para-substituted phenols proceeded at room temperature in benzene in the presence of benzoic acid to give adducts which were formed by insertion of the diimine into the O–H bond of the phenols.
A One-Step Conversion of p-Methoxybenzyl Ethers into Methoxymethyl Ethers by the Action of Dimethoxymethane in the Presence of Tin(II) Bromide and Bromomethyl Methyl Ether
Authors: Oriyama Takeshi , Kimura Mikio , Koga Gen 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The combined use of dimethoxymethane with catalytic amounts of tin(II) bromide and bromomethyl methyl ether cleaves p-methoxybenzyl ethers to give methoxymethyl ethers in good yields. The chemoselective conversion of p-methoxybenzyl ethers in the presence of the benzyl ether function into methoxymethyl ethers has also occurred successfully.
Semiempirical Calculation of the Triplet–Triplet Absorption Spectra of 2-Anthrylethylenes Undergoing Photochemical One-Way Isomerization
Authors: Karatsu Takashi , Arai Tatsuo , Sakuragi Hirochika , Tokumaru Katsumi , Wirz Jakob 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Semiempirical PPP-SCF-SCI calculations support the assignment of the triplet–triplet absorption spectra of 2-anthrylethylenes to the planar trans conformations, which act as a key intermediate in adiabatic cis-to-trans one-way isomerization on the triplet energy surface.
Photolysis of 2-Amino-2′-azidobiphenyls: Formal Formation of Internally Trapped Didehydroazepines
Authors: Murata Shigeru , Tsuji Hiroshi , Tomioka Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photolysis of 2-amino-2′-azidobiphenyls in diethylamine gave 4,10-dihydroazepino[2,3-b]indoles (7), the structure of which corresponded to the didehydroazepines formally trapped with an internal amino group. However, the yields of 7 were considerably low, which was due to the significant intramolecular interaction of the photolytically generated nitrene with an amino group, to afford benzo[c]cinnoline as a final product.
Reduced-Dose Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Wyatt Katleen N , Ryan Gina J , Sheerin Kathleen A 
Published: July 2006

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of reduced-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in adults. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search was conducted (1966–May 2006) using the key search terms inactivated, trivalent, influenza vaccine, dose, and intradermal. Data Synthesis: Four recent studies evaluated the safety and effectiveness of reduced-dose, inactivated, trivalent influenza vaccine. Reduced doses had immunogenicity similar to that of standard dose vaccination in healthy individuals less than 60 years old. Intramuscular administration caused fewer local adverse effects compared with the other routes of administration. The differences in vaccine administration and dosing used in these studies limit the comparison of their results. Conclusions: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend vaccinating with reduced-dose influenza vaccine. If reduced-dose vaccination is to be employed during times of vaccine shortage, it should be administered only to healthy adults under the age of 60, and the intramuscular route is preferred.
Effects on virological and immunological parameters during CD34 mobilization in HIV patients with lymphoma
Authors: Bortolin Maria Teresa , Simonelli Cecilia , Zanussi Stefania , Pratesi Chiara , Bidoli Ettore , Rupolo Maurizio , Berretta Massimiliano , Tedeschi Rosamaria , De Paoli Paolo 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe effects of CD34 mobilization with chemotherapy and G‐CSF administration were evaluated in 13 HIV‐positive patients with relapsed lymphomas and low CD4 counts. After mobilization, CD4+ cells increased significantly while HIV‐RNA and integrated HIV‐DNA showed no increases. G‐CSF led to an increase of CD4+ cells with limited effects on HIV replication. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptosome and serum cytokine profiling of an atypical case of myelodysplastic syndrome with progression to acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Mahadevan Daruka , DiMento Johanna , Croce Kimiko Della , Riley Christopher , George Benjamin , Fuchs Deborah , Mathews Timothy , Wilson Charlton , Lobell Michael 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA Native American‐Indian female presenting with anemia and thrombocytosis was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, refractory anemia). Over the course of 5 years she developed cytopenias and periods of leukocytosis with normal bone marrow (BM) blast counts, features of an unclassifiable MDS/MPS syndrome. The patient ultimately progressed to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, FAB M2) and had a normal karyotype throughout her course. The episodes of leukocytosis were associated with infectious complications. Transformation to AML was characterized by a BM blast percentage of 49%. Peripheral blood and BM samples were obtained for serum protein analysis and gene expression profiling (GEP) to elucidate her disease process. An ELISA assay of the serum analyzed ∼80 cytokines, which demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 were markedly elevated compared to normal. GEP demonstrated a unique “tumor molecular profile,” which included overexpression of oncogenes (HOXA9, N‐MYC, KOC1), proliferative genes (PAWR, DLG5, AKR1C3), invasion/metastatic genes (FN1, N‐CAM‐1, ITGB5), pro‐angiogenesis genes (c‐Kit), and down regulation of tumor suppressor genes (SUI1, BARD1) and anti‐apoptotic genes (PGLYRP, SERPINB2, MPO). Hence, a biomics approach has provided insight into elucidating disease mechanisms, molecular prognostic factors, and discovery of novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duration of vitamin K antagonist therapy for venous thromboembolism: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Streiff Michael B. , Segal Jodi B. , Tamariz Leonardo J. , Jenckes Mollie W. , Bolger Dennis T. , Eng John , Krishnan Jerry A. , Bass Eric B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence on the optimal duration of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy for venous thromboembolism (VTE).Methods:Randomized controlled trials of VKA for VTE were identified by a computerized database search. Summary event rates for relevant outcomes were calculated using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results:Ten studies met inclusion criteria. The incidence of recurrent VTE (3 months, 7.9 VTE per 100 patient‐years [95% CI, 5.2 to 10] versus 4–12 months, 4.9 VTE per 100 patient‐years [95% CI, 3.6 to 6.2] versus continuous therapy, 0.7 VTE per 100 patient‐years [95% CI, 0.3 to 1.1]) and total adverse events (3 months, 11.2 events per 100 patient‐years [95%CI, 7.1 to 15.4] versus 4–12 months, 7.4 events per 100 patient‐years [95%CI, 6.2 to 8.5] versus continuous therapy 3.1 events per 100 patient‐years [95%CI, 2.2 to 4.0] declined as VKA therapy duration increased. Continuous reduced intensity therapy (INR 1.5–2) was associated with more recurrent VTE (2.3 VTE per 100 patient‐years [95%CI, 1.5 to 3.0]). Continuous VKA therapy (INR 2–3) was beneficial for patients with a second VTE and antiphospholipid antibodies. The incidence of recurrent VTE was similar with 6 or 12 weeks of therapy for isolated calf DVT.Conclusion:Randomized controlled trials indicate that continuous VKA therapy (INR 2–3) for VTE is associated with better clinical outcomes than shorter durations. Patients with a second VTE or antiphospholipid antibodies also benefit from continuous anticoagulation. Patients with calf DVT should be treated for at least 6 weeks. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of hepatitis C in hemophiliacs
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Nicolini Nicoletta , Capra Franco 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hemophiliacs who received nonvirucidally treated large‐pool clotting factor concentrates before 1986. In fact, although many hemophiliacs infected with HCV have a slow progression of liver disease, in a minority of them hepatitis evolves toward end‐stage liver disease and hepatocarcinoma. Moreover, a significant percentage of HCV‐infected hemophiliacs were also coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which can accelerate the progression of liver disease. Thus, the aim of anti‐HCV therapy is to interrupt the chronic infection in order to prevent the progression of hepatitis to cirrhosis, liver decompensation, cancer and, ultimately, death. In this review we present the literature data on anti‐HCV treatment in hemophiliacs. Combination therapy with interferon (IFN) and ribavirin has improved the poor results obtained with IFN monotherapy and has become the standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Given the positive results obtained with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in nonhemophiliacs, ongoing trials are evaluating this promising therapy in HCV‐chronically infected hemophilic patients; preliminary results show a sustained response rate similar to that in patients without coagulopathy. Finally, based on the encouraging results in coinfected nonhemophiliacs, anti‐HCV treatment should also be considered for those HIV‐positive hemophiliacs in whom anti‐retroviral treatment has stabilized the HIV infection. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iron overload and prolonged ingestion of iron supplements: Clinical features and mutation analysis of hemochromatosis‐associated genes in four cases
Authors: Barton James C. , Lee Pauline L. , West Carol , Bottomley Sylvia S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe evaluated and treated four white adults (one man, three women) who had iron overload associated with daily ingestion of iron supplements for 7, 15, 35, and 61 years, respectively. We performed HFE mutation analysis to detect C282Y, H63D, and S65C in each patient; in two patients, HFE exons were sequenced. In two patients, direct sequencing was performed to detect coding region mutations of TFR2, HAMP, FPN1, HJV, and ALAS2. Patients 1–4 ingested ˜153, 547, 1,341, and 4,898 g of inorganic iron as supplements. Patient 1 had hemochromatosis, HFE C282Y homozygosity, and β‐thalassemia minor. Patient 2 had spherocytosis and no HFE coding region mutations. Patient 3 had no anemia, a normal HFE genotype, and no coding region mutations in HAMP, FPN1, HJV, or ALAS2; she was heterozygous for the TFR2 coding region mutation V583I (nt 1,747 G→A, exon 15). Patient 4 had no anemia and no coding region mutations in HFE, TFR2, HAMP, FPN1, HJV, or ALAS2. Iron removed by phlebotomy was 32.4, 10.4, 15.2, and 4.0 g, respectively. There was a positive correlation of log10 serum ferritin and the quantity of iron removed by phlebotomy (P = 0.0371). Estimated absorption of iron from supplements in patients 1–4 was 20.9%, 1.9%, 1.1%, and 0.08%. We conclude that the clinical phenotypes and hemochromatosis genotypes of adults who develop iron overload after ingesting iron supplements over long periods are heterogeneous. Therapeutic phlebotomy is feasible and effective, and would prevent complications of iron overload. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RMRP mutations in cartilage‐hair hypoplasia
Authors: Hermanns Pia , Tran Alyssa , Munivez Elda , Carter Susan , Zabel Bernhard , Lee Brendan , Leroy Jules G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH) or McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MCD) (OMIM # 250250) is due to either the homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the nuclear encoded, non‐coding RNA gene RMRP. Twenty‐seven CHH patients were referred for molecular evaluation of the clinical diagnosis. RMRP mutations were found in 22 patients. The phenotype in one of the five mutation‐negative patients was fully congruent with the adopted case definition of CHH. In a second of these patients, the diagnosis of Schmid type MCD (OMIM # 156500) was made and confirmed by the detection of a mutation in the COL10A1 gene. The remaining patients most likely represent one or more MCDs hitherto not yet delineated. The pattern of cumulative growth in infancy and early childhood in the latter four patients was the single feature with greatest negative predictive power for CHH. Fourteen mutations detected here, had not been reported previously. In this ethnically heterogeneous population, we performed a retrospective study to compare the prevalence of clinical features compared to previous reports based mostly on more ethnically homogenous groups. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microdissection‐based high‐resolution genomic array analysis of two patients with cytogenetically identical interstitial deletions of chromosome 1q but distinct clinical phenotypes
Authors: Rice G.M. , Qi Z. , Selzer R. , Richmond T. , Thompson K. , Pauli R.M. , Yu J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe describe two boys with cytogenetically identical interstitial deletions in the q42.11‐q42.13 region of the long arm of chromosome 1 detected by high‐resolution G‐banding analysis. These children share some phenotypic features but also exhibit distinct morphologic differences. We further characterized the deletions using a new technical strategy—microdissection‐based high‐resolution genomic array (MHGA) analysis—to define the breakpoints, genomic sizes, and gene contents of the deletions. This showed that the patients had distinguishable deletions that were adjacent but did not overlap, thus explaining the observed phenotypic differences. These results were surprising because we expected at least some degree of overlap to explain the features that were shared. MHGA can quickly give precise and detailed information about any rearrangement in the genome using as little material as a single cell. This novel strategy provides unique advantages for both clinical diagnosis and genomic research. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trisomy 8q and partial trisomy 22 in a 43‐year‐old man with moderate intellectual disability, epilepsy and large cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Helbig Ingo , Wirtenberger Michael , Jauch Anna , Hager Hans‐Dieter , Tariverdian Gholamali , Hemminki Kari , Burwinkel Barbara , Klaes Ruediger 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPartial trisomies are chromosome abnormalities resulting in a broad range of malformations depending on the size and location of the chromosomal rearrangement. Whereas diagnosis of these syndromes is usually made in early childhood, few descriptions exist about the clinical picture in adulthood. We report on a patient diagnosed at the age of 43 years with a 47,XY,+der(22)t(8;22)(q24.13;q11.21) karyotype and predominant clinical features of trisomy 8q. To our knowledge, this is the oldest patient described with a partial trisomy 8. The patient presented with moderate intellectual disability, a past history of epilepsy and facial anomalies. In addition, a large cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed in adulthood. Detailed breakpoint mapping by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays showed that the derivative chromosome contains a full‐length copy of the C‐MYC oncogene. Given that trisomy 8q is the most frequent secondary chromosomal abnormality in hematological diseases, the possibility of a genetic predisposition for these disorders in patients with 8q duplication is raised. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital malformations among liveborn infants with trisomies 18 and 13
Authors: Pont Stephen J. , Robbins James M. , Bird T.M. , Gibson James B. , Cleves Mario A. , Tilford John M. , Aitken Mary E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTrisomy 18 and trisomy 13 are associated with serious and/or fatal birth defects, with death frequently occurring in the first month of life. Previous studies are limited by small samples and are dated. This study characterized the comorbid birth defects associated with trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 among US liveborn infants using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Kids' Inpatient Database and Nationwide Inpatient Sample, two large, current and nationally representative databases. The occurrence of 39 commonly reported comorbid birth defects among infants with trisomies 18 and 13 was compared to the occurrence of malformations among newborns without trisomies. The prevalences of trisomy 18 and 13 were 1.29/10,000 and 0.85/10,000 live births, respectively. Among infants with trisomy 18, 61% were female, 45.4% with heart defects. Among those with trisomy 13, 53% were female, 38.4% had heart defects, 24.5% had orofacial anomalies, and 11.2% had central nervous system abnormalities. More than half of the newborns with both conditions died prior to discharge. This updated information can be used to inform clinical decision‐making and may help providers better prepare families for infants with trisomies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resistivity imaging survey of the Roman barrows at Bartlow, Cambridgeshire, UK
Authors: Astin Timothy , Eckardt Hella , Hay Sophie 
Published: July 2006

AbstractResistivity imaging was carried out on four large Roman barrows at Bartlow in Cambridgeshire. The geophysical survey formed part of a wider research project designed to record and assess the landscape context of the largest surviving Roman burial mounds in Britain. The barrows today range in height from 6.6 m to 13.2 m and their steep profile posed particular practical and modelling challenges. Data were obtained using a Campus Geopulse resistance meter with up to 50 electrodes spaced at 1 m intervals and lines up to 76 m long. A total of 24 lines was obtained. Topographic corrections were applied to the pseudosections, which were inverted using Res2Dinv and Res3Dinv. Resistivity imaging was particularly successful in identifying evidence for the antiquarian explorations of the site. Central collapse features or in‐filled tunnels image as high resistance features in all barrows and in one (Barrow IV) there is also a low resistance feature in the approximate position of a known antiquarian tunnel. Barrow VI had a thick covering of high‐resistivity that may relate to nineteenth century landscaping and reconstruction of this monument. Resistivity imaging also revealed possible evidence for ancient revetments in all four large barrows. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.