bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS LESIONS DEVELOPED ON LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PROFUNDUS NODULES
Authors: CAPRONI MARZIA , PALLESCHI G.M. , PAPI C. , FABBRI P. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYWe describe this case of LEP for its unusual way of presentation. It first appeared with a LEP pattern, followed by a typical DEE of the skin, overlying the nodules only. Moreover, our histologic findings showed the typical pattern of lymphocytic lobular panniculitis, with hyaline necrosis of fat, the lymphoid nodule, and even the lymphocytic nuclear “dust.” The epidermal changes, with the liquefaction degeneration of the basal cell layer, a moderate follicular hyperkeratosis, and a perivascular and periappendeal lymphocytic infiltrate, were also observed in the abdominal lesion that developed last without clinically evident DLE.
CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS IN HONG KONG: A 10‐YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: CHONG LAI‐YIN , LO KUEN‐KONG 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Cutaneous tuberculosis was once a relatively common skin disease in Hong Kong. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis was the commonest type. Because the last survey was carried out 25 years ago, it was thought necessary to find out the new incidence and pattern of this important disease in this locality. Methods. A 10‐year (1983‐1992) retrospective survey on the epidemiologic and clinicobacteriologic aspects of cutaneous tuberculosis had been done in the public sector of Hong Kong. The records of the confirmed cases were retrieved for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 176 cases are included in the final analysis. This represents 0.066% of all new skin cases seen during the 10‐year period. Among these, 79.5% are erythema induratum, 6.3% lupus vulgaris, and 4.5% tuberculosis verrucosa cutis. They are further divided into true cutaneous tuberculosis (14.8%, n=26) and the tuberculide (85.2%, n=150). Among the patients with true tuberculosis, 42.3% had lupus vulgaris, 30.8% had tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, and 26.9% had scrofuloderma. Among the tuberculides, erythema induratum accounted for 93.3%. Conclusions. Cutaneous tuberculosis is now uncommon in Hong Kong. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis is no longer the commonest type in Hong Kong as described in some textbooks. Erythema induratum is now the most common among the total cases and lupus vulgaris is the most common among the true cutaneous forms of tuberculosis.
ACQUIRED PORT‐WINE STAINS
Authors: DINEHART SCOTT M. , PARKER RAY K. , HERZBERG ARLENE J. , PAPPAS ALEX J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. An acquired port‐wine stain is a rarely reported vascular lesion that mimics a congenital port‐wine stain clinically, but is acquired after birth. Methods. Clinical and histologic information concerning ten patients with acquired port‐wine stains was recorded. Stains of seven of these patients were treated with either the copper vapor or pulsed dye laser. Results. Collected information suggests that many acquired port‐wine stains are idiopathic in nature. Light microscopic examination of tissue showed vascular dilation identical to that seen in congenital port‐wine stains. Results of laser treatment were excellent in four patients, good in one patient, and poor in two patients. Conclusions. Although some differences exist, acquired port‐wine stains are similar to congenital port‐wine stains in their clinical morphology, histologic findings, and response to laser treatment.
SKIN CANCERS AT TERTIARY REFERRAL SKIN HOSPITAL IN SINGAPORE
Authors: TAN SUAT HOON , THAM SIEW NEE , GOH CHEE LEOK 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Skin cancer is the seventh most common cancer in Singapore. This study was performed to determine the pattern of skin cancers seen in a tertiary referral skin hospital. Methods. Histologically confirmed skin cancers, seen between 1980 and 1991, were analyzed according to age, sex, race, site, and presence/absence of preexisting skin conditions. Results. Of a total of 520 patients, the commonest skin cancer was basal cell carcinoma (bcc) (36.5%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (scc) (24.4%), Bowen's disease (16.7%), and mycosis fungoides (9.0%). Malignant melanomas (2.7%) were rare. The sharp increase (26.2%) in bcc in the recent 3 years was largely contributed by a fivefold increase of nonresident Caucasian patients with bcc. All types of skin cancers were more common in Chinese (78.1%) and less frequent in the more pigmented races (9.4%). The men to women ratio was 1.72:1. The peak age distribution was in the 51–70‐year group, with the exception of mycosis fungoides (31–50 years). The commonest site involved in bcc was the head and neck (67.0%) and in Bowen's disease the trunk (33.3%). Squamous cell carcinoma was found on the head and neck and the lower extremities with equal frequency (29.3%) and 46.2% of all sec on the lower extremities occurred in leprosy patients with chronic trophic ulcers. Of patients with Bowen's disease involving the nonsunexposed parts (trunk and upper extremities), 42.6% had probable arsenic exposure evident either from the history or clinical examination. Malignant melanomas were commonly located on the foot (71.4%). Conclusions. The commonest skin cancers seen were bcc, sec, Bowen's disease, and mycosis fungoides. There were differences in the site distribution of sec, Bowen's disease, and malignant melanomas in our study when compared to studies in Caucasians.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN HISTOID LEPROSY
Authors: KONTOCHRISTOPOULOS GEORGE J. , ARONI KYRIAKI , PANTELEOS DEMETRIOS N. , TOSCA ANDRONIKI D. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Histoid leprosy is a rare form of multibacillary leprosy as the result of secondary or even primary resistance to dapsone. The etiopathogenesis has not been clarified up to now. Methods. An immunohistochemical study was carried out for the expression of various markers on epidermal and dermal cell populations using sections of frozen skin specimens from 5 patients with histoid leprosy as compared to specimens from 7 tuberculoid and 7 lepromatous patients. Results. Dendritic epidermal cells, identified by monoclonal antibodies against CD1, hla‐dr, CD45, and CD36, were found reduced in histoid leprosy as compared to both tuberculoid and lepromatous groups. A gradual reduction of keratinocytic hla‐dr expression from tuberculoid to lepromatous to histoid leprosy was observed. The pattern of CD36, CD4, and CD8 expression of lymphomonocytic cells in the dermis of histoid lesions was similar to that of tuberculoid leprosy, but without the formation of an organized granuloma. CD45+ cells as well as activated lymphocytic cells, expressed by the activation immunophenotype (CD1, hla‐dr, CD25, CD71, egf‐r) were found frequently in all groups. Conclusions. The in situ immunohistochemical findings support a modified hypersensitivity reaction of the cellular type that results in an inhibition of the lesional expansion, but not in the destruction of the bacilli within the histoid lesion.
CELL INFILTRATEN PROGRESSIVE PIGMENTED PURPURA (SCHAMBERG'S DISEASE): IMMUNOPHENOTYPE, ADHESION RECEPTORS, AND INTERCELLULAR RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: GHERSETICH ILARIA , LOTTI TORELLO , BACCI STEFANO , COMACCHI CLAUDIO , CAMPANILE GRAZIA , ROMAGNOLI PAOLO 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Progressive pigmented purpura (Schamberg's disease), a form of purpura pigmentosa chronica, is a lymphocytic capillaritis of unknown etiology and obscure pathogenesis. Our purpose was to assess the expression of cell membrane antigens (CD3, CD4, CD1a, CD36), of adhesion receptors (leukocyte function adhesion 1, LFA‐1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, ELAM‐1) intercellular adhesion molecule 1, ICAM‐1), and the intercellular relationships in the early phase of the disease. Methods. Quantitative immunohistochemistry and electron‐microscopy were performed on specimens of five subjects, aged 45 to 63 years. These studies were repeated in two patients after treatment with topical corticosteroid (betamethasone valerate cream 0.1%) and psoralen‐ultraviolet A (puva). Results. The infiltrate consisted mainly of CD4+ lymphocytes and CD1a+ dendritic cells. Electron‐microscopic investigation showed typical lymphocytes and two distinct types of dendritic cells. In the very early phase of the disease the adhesion receptors LFA‐i and ICAM‐1 were expressed intensely by all infiltrating cells; the adhesion receptors icam‐1 and ELAM‐i were expressed by endothelial cells. Close contact occured between lymphocytes and dendritic cells. After PUVA (120 J per cm2) and topical steroid therapy the infiltrate disappeared completely. Conclusions. These data suggest that a cell‐mediated immune mechanism may be important in progressive pigmented purpura and that the early endothelial expression
KERATOACANTHOMA IN JAPANESE HAWAIIANS IN KAUAI, HAWAII
Authors: REIZNER GEORGE T. , CHUANG TSU‐YI , ELPERN DAVID J. , STONE JENNY L. , FARMER EVAN R. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. This is the first incidence report of keratoacanthoma (KA) in a Japanese ethnic population. Methods. The study was designed as a 5‐year prospective incidence study using an island‐wide survey of Japanese residents in Kauai, Hawaii, during the years 1983 through 1987. Results. Eleven Japanese residents of Kauai, three men and eight women, had ka. The crude incidence is 22.1 per 100,000 Japanese Kauaiian population. Two thirds of the lesions were on the extremities. No recurrence was noted, but a nonmelanoma skin cancer developed in some patients. Conclusions. The incidence of ka in a Japanese ethnic population is not low. Ultraviolet light exposure must, in part, contribute to the development of ka. This is supported by fact that the incidence of ka in Japanese residents in Kauai is much higher than in Japan and that most of the KAS appear on exposed skin.
LOCAL INTERFERON THERAPY FOR MELANOMA PATIENTS
Authors: IKIĆ DRAGO , SPAVENTI ŠIME , PADOVAN IVO , KUSIĆ ZVONKO , ČAJKOVAC VLADIMIR , IVANKOVIĆ DAVOR , DAKOVIĆ NIKOLA , NOLA PETAR 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. Melanoma, once considered a rare form of cancer, is increasing in incidence throughout the world. The prognosis of malignant melanoma is inversely related to the depth of tumor invasion.Methods. Twenty‐seven patients were treated with r.IFN alpha 2c. Four patients were treated with human natural leukocyte interferon (HNLI). Interferon was applied locally. Historical control groups were used for comparison in the statistical analysis. The data were evaluated taking into account the single risk factor Clark levels III and IV. In the control group there were 10 patients with Clark levels III and IV; in the group of r.IFN apha 2c‐treated patients there were 20 patients. The data were analyzed by using the Kaplan‐Meier and Cox methods.Results. The percentage of survivals was higher in the interferon‐treated groups with Clark levels III and IV, than in the control group, that is 60% compared to 25%, and 40% compared to 33%, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis after 60 months of follow‐up are significantly better in the interferon group (P = 0.0175).Conclusions. The control group was not selected at random. Therefore, on the basis of our results, one can say that the treatment of the melanoma patients, Clark levels III and IV, with the r.IFN alpha 2c is promising and that further investigation is justified.
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN KAUAI, HAWAII
Authors: CHUANG TSU‐YI , EIZNER GEORGE T. , ELPERN DAVID J. , STONE JENNY L. , ARMER EVAN R. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. It is estimated that over 100,000 new cases of squamous cell carcinoma are diagnosed in the United States annually. This number is compounded by an increasing concern over the ozone layer depletion and the continued sunbathing behavior of many individuals. This could be particularly acute in Hawaii, which may have the highest rates of skin cancer in the country. We believe the updated information on skin cancer is essential to address the magnitude of the problem. Methods. A prospective 5‐year population‐based incidence study was conducted on Kauai, Hawaii, between 1983 and 1987 to investigate the frequency of squamous cell carcinomas in resident Caucasians. Results. A total of 58 residents, 37 men and 21 women, were identified with an initial episode of squamous cell carcinoma during the 5‐year period. The average annual incidence rate per 100,000 Kauai Caucasian residents, standardized to the 1980 U.S. white population, was 153 for men and 92 for women with a combined rate of 118. The average patient age was 66.4 years. The head and neck was the most common anatomic site, with the extremities second. Subsequent new squamous cell carcinoma occurred in 13.8% of patients. Only one patient (2%) developed a recurrence after treatment. Twenty‐five patients (43%) had basal cell carcinoma simultaneously or at other earlier times. Conclusions. In Kauai the incidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma is the highest yet documented in the United States. No consistent trend in incidence rates was appreciated during this 5‐year period.
THE INCIDENCE OF BIRTHMARKS IN ISRAELI NEONATES
Authors: KAHANA MICHAEL , FELDMAN MICHAEL , ABUDI ZAMIR , YURMAN SHMUEL 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Several studies have documented cutaneous findings in neonates of various racial groups. Our purpose was to determine the frequency of birthmarks in Israeli neonates of Jewish and Arabic origin. Methods. A cohort of 1672 newborn infants under 96 hours of age were examined for the presence of birthmarks. Of these 841 (50·3%) were Jewish and 831 (49·7%) were Arab. The Jewish group was further subdivided into various ethnic groups according to parental ancestry. Results. Melanocytic brown lesions (Mongolian spots, congenital nevi, and cafe‐au‐lait spots), were more common in Arab infants. The vast majority of Jewish infants with Mongolian spots were of Asian or African ancestry. On the other hand, congenital melanocytic nevi were found only in Jewish infants of European ancestry. Vascular lesions (salmon patch and port‐wine stain) in Arab neonates exhibited a female preponderance. Conclusions. Our data suggest that the prevalence of birthmarks in Israeli neonates is similar to the prevalence reported by others in white neonates.
PSEUDOPELADE: AN INHERITED ALOPECIA
Authors: SAHL WILLIAM J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Pseudopelade is a rare idiopathic progressive alopecia that has no initial inflammatory phase. Even so, pseudopelade has been classified as a scarring alopecia with postinflammatory alopecias. Atrophy rather than true scarring is the cardinal feature of pseudopelade. Materials and Methods. A review of reported cases of pseudopelade, especially those with a family history, was undertaken. The discovery of a young man and his mother, who had pseudopelade, plus two other familial cases prompted this study. Results. Examination of the clinical and pathologic material shows pseudopelade to be a disease separate from other alopecias. The striking familial association in these cases demonstrates a plausible etiology. Conclusions. Pseudopelade is an autosomal dominant disorder of the scalp marked by atrophic loss of hair follicles.
PSORIASIS AND PREGNANCY: HORMONE AND IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACTION
Authors: BOYD ALAN S. , MORRIS LAURA F. , PHILLIPS CHARLES M. , MENTER M. ALAN 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Various hormonal states are known to be associated with the waxing and waning of psoriasis. Patients with psoriasis commonly experience changes in their cutaneous disease during pregnancy or post partum. Objective. We evaluated 100 women with psoriasis by questionnaire and interview. The women had been seen at the Baylor Psoriasis Center, Dallas, and had experienced a pregnancy while having psoriasis. The answers were sorted and tabulated. In addition, we reviewed the literature to ascertain possible causes of clinical changes in psoriasis during pregnancy. Results. Ninety questionnaires were completed. Sixty‐nine women (76.7%) described a change In their psoriasis during pregnancy with 57 (63.3%) noting improvement. Seventy‐nine patients (87.7%) had a postpartum flare, most within 4 months of delivery. Conclusions. The majority of women with psoriasis, who become pregnant, experience a change, usually an improvement, in their cutaneous disease. Pregnancy is associated with hormonal changes in estrogens and progesterone resulting in a state of altered immune surveillance.
CLINICAL‐EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF ALOPECIA AREATA
Authors: ROSELINO ANA MARIA F. , ALMEIDA ANA MARCIA , HIPPOLITO MIGUEL A. , CERQUEIRA BRASILINA C. S. , MAFFEI CLAUDIA M. L. , MFNEZES JOãO B. , VIEIRA RUBENS E. , ASSIS SERGIO L. W. , ALI SALIM AMED 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Alopecia areata is a common disease and may be associated with autoimmune disease, atopy, Down syndrome, emotional stress, and foci of sepsis. Methods. Seven cases of alopecia areata were diagnosed among workers in the Water and Effluent Treatment Sector (WETS) of a paper factory, representing a 0.6% incidence, when the value for the population at large is 0.1%. Three of these workers are assigned to the WETS on a permanent basis and four provide maintenance services. One of the latter patients had alopecia areata that fully regressed. Because biologic treatment of water and effluents involves saprophytic bacteria and fungi as well as chemical substances such as acrylamide, a clinical examination and laboratory tests were performed on all workers assigned permanently to the WETS (N = 9) and on 25% of the workers, selected at random providing services to the sector (N = 14). Results. There was no association between alopecia areata and atopy, dermatophytosis, or bacteria isolated. Toxicologic evaluation revealed an acrylamide‐like substance in 7 workers with alopecia areata, with a statistically significant correlation. Measures were taken at the workplace to decrease worker contact with the mists (probably containing acrylamide) in the pulp‐pressing room; no other cases of alopecia areata had been detected 1 year after the study. Conclusions. A survey of the literature did not show reports of alopecia areata as an occupational dermatosis, but our conclusion is, that this dermatosis could be due to the professional activities of the workers at the paper factory studied.
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 IN BRAZIL: SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY
Authors: DA ROSA‐SANTOS OMAR LUPI , DA SILVA ANGELA GONÇALVES , PEREIRA ANTORNIO CARLOS 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. The incidence of genital herpes is increasing worldwide. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV–2) is the most common cause of genital ulcerations among the sexually transmitted diseases (STDS). In order to investigate the sexual transmission of genital herpes infection in Brazil, the prevalence of specific antibodies to HSV‐2, in populations of high and low risk for STDS was evaluated. Methods. The population at low risk for STDS was composed of 155 voluntary blood donors at the University Hospitals between February and August, 1994. The population at high risk for STDS was composed of 85 HIV‐seropositive persons, consisting of homosexual and promiscuous heterosexual men. A group of 20 highly active prostitutes was also studied between May and July, 1994. All blood samples were screened using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects type‐specific antibodies to HSV–2 glycoprotein G. Before donating blood, all persons in the study group were given a questionnaire concerning risk factors for acquisition of STDS and suitable to show the socioepidemiologic characteristics of the subjects. Results. The prevalence of ELISA showing HSV–2 infections among HIV‐seroposite persons, was 73% (P < 0.01). In the whole group at high risk for STDS, the prevalence was 72% (P < 0.05). Infection with HSV‐2, as determined by seroprevalence, was significantly and independently associated with years of sexual activity, history of previous STDS, number of sexual partners in the previous month, number of pregnancies, and previous induced abortions, as well as the percentage of sexual acts involving receptive anal intercourse.
ERYTHEMA INDURATUM OE BAZIN
Authors: CHO KWANG‐HYUN , LEE DONG‐YOUN , KIM CHUL‐WOO 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. There has been a long controversy about the tuberculous cause of erythema induratum, a chronic form of nodular vasculitis. Method. We investigated clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of patients with erythema induratum who showed positive tuberculin hypersensitivity reactions or had associated active tuberculosis. Results. The ages of the 32 patients (M 7: W 25) ranged from 13 to 66 years (mean 36.6 years). All patients displayed recurrent crops of tender, painful, violaceous nodules or plaques. Most lesions presented on the legs, but they also occurred on thighs, feet, buttocks, and forearms. The skin lesions evolved for several weeks and healed with scarring and residual pigmentation. Twenty‐two patients were treated with isoniazid alone and the remaining 10 patients received combinations of antituberculous drugs. Relapses were encountered in four patients who received isoniazid alone or stopped the medication against medical advice. In most biopsies, histologic examination revealed lobular or septolobular panniculitis with varying combinations of granulomatous inflammation, primary vasculitis, and necrosis. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed a preponderance of T lymphocytes, monocyte‐macrophages, and Langerhans' cells, indicative of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. Conclusion. Erythema induratum of Bazin has distinct clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features. Erythema induratum of Bazin should be considered as a separate entity of nodular vasculitis caused by latent foci of tuberculous infection.
PROPOSAL FOR A PATHOGENESIS‐BASED CLASSIFICATION OF TUMORAL CALCINOSIS
Authors: SMACK DAVID PHILLIPS , NORTON SCOTT A. , FITZPATRICK JAMES E. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Deposition of calcium in skin is currently categorized into a group of disorders referred to as calcinosis cutis. Divisions between types and subtypes within this confusing classification are predominantly based on morphologic differences in the calcification and serve to obscure pathogenesis. This is especially evident in a subtype of calcinosis cutis, known as tumoral calcinosis. Calcifications in cases of tumoral calcinosis share the following characteristics, but without evidence of a common pathogenesis: large size, juxtaarticular location, progressive enlargement over time, a tendency to recur after surgical removal, and an ability to encase adjacent normal structures. The goal of this study was to formulate a pathogenesis‐based classification for cases of tumoral calcinosis. Methods. In a literature review 121 cases of tumoral calcinosis were identified. These cases, along with a case evaluated in our clinic, were reviewed retrospectively, and their features compared. Results. Analysis suggests three pathogenetically distinct subtypes of tumoral calcinosis: (1) Primary normophosphatemic tumoral calcinosis: patients have normal serum phosphate, normal serum calcium, and no evidence of disorders previously associated with soft tissue calcification; (2) primary hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis: patients have elevated serum phosphate, normal serum calcium, and no evidence of disorders previously associated with soft tissue calcification; and (3) secondary tumoral calcinosis: patients have a concurrent disease capable of causing soft tissue calcification. Justification for this classification is based on the presence or absence of disorders known to promote soft tissue calcification and statistically significant differences in family history, mean calcification number, mean serum phosphate level, and calcification recurrence after excision. Conclusions. A classification for tumoral calcinosis is devised that outlines potential pathogenetic mechanisms and predicts response to therapy and prognosis. Analysis of other forms of calcinosis cutis may reveal definable pathogenetic differences that suggest a coherent classification for all cutaneous calcinoses.