bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of cancer cells in effusion specimens: Diagnostic and research applications
Authors: Davidson Ben , Dong Hiep Phuc , Holth Arild , Berner Aasmund , Risberg Björn 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFlow cytometry (FCM) immunophenotyping is frequently used as an ancillary technique for the diagnosis of hematological malignancies or for measurement of DNA content. In recent years, we applied FCM to the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma and malignant mesothelioma in effusions. We established a panel of antibodies that allows for rapid and effective differentiation between epithelial cells, mesothelial cells, and leukocytes. FCM was subsequently used for quantitative analysis of integrin subunits. Recently, we studied different parameters of the immune response, including HLA molecules and chemokine receptors, using this method. Our data suggest that FCM is an effective method for the characterization of cancer cells in clinical effusion specimens in both the diagnostic and research setting, and that this method is comparable to immunohistochemistry in terms of sensitivity and specificity, with the additional advantage of providing quantitative data. This review discusses previous work in this area and the future potential of this method in the characterization of tumor cells in serous effusions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:568‐578. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic features of müllerian papilloma of the cervix: Mimic of malignancy
Authors: Hollowell Monica L. , Goulart Robert A. , Gang David L. , Otis Christopher N. , Prior Jeffrey , Sachs Barry F. , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMüllerian papilloma is a rare benign tumor of the cervix and/or vagina that occurs predominantly in young children. The cytologic features of benign müllerian papilloma have never been described. We report for the first time, to our knowledge, the cytologic findings of a benign müllerian papilloma from the vaginal fluid specimen of a 15‐mo‐old girl using touch prep, ThinPrep™, and cell block preparations. The deceptive cytologic features of a cellular specimen with complex papillary fronds composed of overlapping and crowded small hyperchromatic cells, with a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, and feathering in this case resembled a malignant neoplasm. The clinical findings and cytomorphology of a benign müllerian papilloma can mimic those of malignant lesions of the female lower genital tract such as sarcoma botryoides and adenocarcinoma. An awareness of this entity and its potential to mimic these more aggressive neoplasms is essential for accurate diagnosis and to avoid over‐treatment. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:607‐611. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concordance between thyroid nodule sizes measured by ultrasound and gross pathology examination: Effect on patient management
Authors: Salih Deveci M. , Deveci Güzin , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Gupta Prabodh K. , Baloch Zubair W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractUltrasound examination (US) is an essential tool in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. The size determined by US is used to distinguish between clinical vs. nonclinical thyroid nodules i.e. greater than or equal to or less than 1 cm. In this study, we evaluated the concordance between the sizes of thyroid nodules measured by US and by gross examination after thyroidectomy. This study included 664 nodules that underwent fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and subsequent excision in 621 patients; 580 had single and 41 patients had multiple (39 with 2, and 2 with 3 nodules) nodules. Both US and gross pathology measurements were taken in three dimensions. The nodule sizes as measured by US were stratified into five groups: A: ≤1.0 cm, B: 1.1–2.0 cm, C: 2.1–3.0 cm, D: 3.1–5.0 cm, and E: ≥5.1 cm. FNA diagnoses were categorized into: Benign (n = 59), Neoplastic / Indeterminate (n = 342), Suspicious (n = 123), Malignant (n = 106), and nondiagnostic (n = 34). Upon excision 278 (42%) nodules were classified as malignant and 386 (58%) as benign. In group A the concordance between US and excisional size was 78.5%, group B 56%, group C 34.5%, group D 40% and group E 52.5%. Only 14 (14/664 2%) nodules measured ≤1.0 cm by US, however, after thyroidectomy 105 (105/664 15.5%) measured ≤1.0 cm in size. Histological diagnoses of this group were benign 62 (58%), papillary microcarcinoma 39 (37%), medullary microcarcinoma 3 (3%) and follicular/Hurthle cell carcinoma 2 (2%) cases. In this study the concordance in benign or malignant nodules measured by US and surgical pathology examination is ≤50%, except in the ≤1.0 cm size range (78.5%). This may lead to an increase in the number of patients undergoing FNA and subsequent surgical excision. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:579‐583. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome of enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Gaucher disease type I. The Romanian experience
Authors: Sido P. Grigorescu , Drugan C. , Cret V. , Al‐Kzouz C. , Denes C. , Coldea C. , Zimmermann A. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryAim:This study reports the first evaluation of therapeutic response in Romanian patients with Gaucher disease type I, after therapy with Cerezyme recently became available in our country.Patients and methods:24 patients (11–50 years) received Cerezyme 20–60 U/kg every two weeks for at least 18 months. Haemoglobin, platelet count, volume of the liver and spleen, plasma chitotriosidase and the severity score were assessed every 6 months; skeletal radiography and osteodensitometry were also monitored.Results:Eleven patients were splenectomized before start of therapy. Eight patients had anaemia (mean haemoglobin 9.4 g/dl) and 14 patients, of whom 13 were without splenectomy, had thrombocytopenia (mean 65 692/mm3). Haemoglobin values normalized after 6 months and the platelet count increased to 147 818/mm3 after 18 months of treatment. Splenomegaly improved (mean 13.8× to 5.6× normal), hepatomegaly improved (mean 1.4× to 1.06× normal), the severity score decreased (mean 15.9 to 8.4), plasma chitotriosidase levels showed a reduction from 40 956 to 11 266 nmol/h per ml plasma. Bone disease improved clinically in all patients; bone radiography and osteodensitometry showed no further disease progress. We observed a mean weight gain of 4.3 kg, an improvement in quality of life, and the absence of therapeutic adverse events.Conclusions:Enzyme replacement therapy administered for 18 months in Romanian patients with Gaucher disease type I led to a marked improvement in haematological parameters and hepato‐ and splenomegaly. In the majority of patients we observed no further progress of bone disease; for an improvement in skeletal disease, a longer treatment period is required.
Real-time computed tomography image update for endoscopic skull base surgery
Authors: Woodworth B A , Chiu A G , Cohen N A , Kennedy D W , O'Malley B W , Palmer J N 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIntroduction:The development of computer-aided systems for endoscopic sinus surgery has enabled surgical navigation through diseased or surgically altered sinus anatomy with increased confidence. However, conventional computer-aided systems do not provide intra-operative updated computed tomography imaging. We describe the technical aspects of the xCAT™, a new intra-operative mobile volume computed tomography scanner.Technical report:A patient with a malignant melanoma unwittingly removed at another hospital underwent surgery for removal of the lateral nasal wall and directed biopsies, in an attempt to identify the site of tumour origin. The procedure was performed with the GE InstaTrak 3500 PlusTM computer-aided system, updated with intra-operative computed tomography images. Intra-operative, updated images were integrated successfully into the InstaTrak system, and these images were consistent with the observed endoscopic anatomy.Conclusion:The xCAT intra-operative mobile volume computed tomography scanner is a technological advancement that can assist the endoscopic sinus surgeon when performing complex rhinological and skull base procedures.
Evolution and biogeography ofLyalliaandHectorella(Portulacaceae), geographically isolated sisters from the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Wagstaff Steven J. , Hennion Françoise 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Southern Hemisphere contains many monotypic taxa, for which phylogenetic relationships are important to illuminate biogeographical history. The monotypic genusLyalliais endemic to the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen. A close relationship with another monotypic taxon, the New Zealand endemicHectorella, was proposed. They share a dense cushion growth habit with small coriaceous leaves that lack stipules. The solitary flowers are bicarpellate with two sepals, 4–5 petals, 3–5 stamens and a bifid style. The fruit is an indehiscent capsule with 1–5 seeds. The flowers ofLyallia kerguelensisare hermaphroditic with four petals and three stamens whereas the flowers ofHectorella caespitosaare female, male or hermaphroditic, with five petals and five stamens.Lyallia kerguelensisis rare on Kerguelen, whereasHectorella caespitosais confined to the South Island of New Zealand. Our phylogenetic analysis oftrnK/matK intergenic spacer andrbcL sequences provides evidence supporting a close relationship betweenLyalliaandHectorella. The two species form a well-supported clade that is nested within the Portulacaceae. Divergence estimates suggest they shared a common ancestor during the late Tertiary long after the fragmentation of Gondwana. Such relationships underscore the importance of transoceanic dispersal and extinctions for plant evolution in the Southern Hemisphere.
Strong-wind events and their impact on the near-surface climate at Kohnen Station on the Antarctic Plateau
Authors: van As Dirk , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Helsen Michiel M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStrong-wind events occur 10–20 times per year at Kohnen Station, East Antarctica (75°00′S, 0°04′E, 2892 m above sea level), and are often caused by warm-core cyclones in the north-eastern Weddell Sea. An uncommon event occurred in January 2002, when blocking both in the south Atlantic Ocean and in the south Tasman Sea caused a split-up of the circumpolar vortex, and large amounts of heat and moisture were transported onto the Antarctic Plateau. During strong-wind events over the plateau the near-surface temperature can increase by tens of degrees, which is partly caused by the advection of heat, but for an important part by the destruction of the stable temperature-deficit layer by enhanced vertical mixing. The temperature rise is larger during the winter/night than during the summer/day, due to a better-developed temperature deficit. Snowdrift during the January 2002 event linearly increased surface roughness for momentum with friction velocity, for values over about 0.18 m s-1. The cloud cover during the event reduced down-welling solar radiation by 32%, and increased the albedo from about 0.86 to 0.92. Changes in longwave radiation largely cancelled the daytime changes in shortwave radiation, thus net radiation was most affected at night.
THE GROWTH OF SEGMENTAL NERVES FROM THE SPINAL CORD TO THE HIND LIMB‐BUD IN THE AXOLOTL
Authors: Freeman JM , Bennett MR 
Published: August 2007

SummaryIt has been concluded from previous experiments involving the growth of segmental nerves from the amphibian spinal cord to the limb‐bud that axons are attracted to the limb‐bud region by their target tissue (Hamburger, 1929; Hughes and Tschumi, 1958). In the present study this hypothesis has been tested by obstructing the pathways over which the nerves normally grow. It was found that for those nerves which were marginally obstructed far fewer axons were able to reach their target. The spinal ganglia associated with these nerves contained up to 50% fewer cells than the adjacent unobstructed segmental level. These results suggest that nerves are not attracted from the spinal cord by the target tissue, but rather that the pathways provided by the axial segmental nerves are essential if a normal number of axons are to reach their target.
METABOLISM OF BABESIA PARASITES IN VITRO. COMPARISON OF SEVERAL ZWITTERION BUFFERS FOR THE IN VITRO INCUBATION OF BARESIA RODHAINI
Authors: Barry DN 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe effect on the haemoprotozoan parasite Babesia rodhaini of adding a zwitterion buffer, HEPES, to a basal medium was studied by comparing the glucose uptake, ATP concentration, medium pH and infectivity of parasitized rat erythrocytes every 4 h during 24 h incubation in either Krebs Ringer phosphate (KRP) or KRP plus 28 mM HEPES. KRP plus HEPES was found to be superior to KRP for the maintenance of glucose uptake, erythrocyte ATP concentration, medium pH and infectivity of the parasite.Having established that HEPES improved the basal KRP medium, HEPES was then compared to three other buffers TES, BES and TRIS, to determine their relative effects on B. rodhaini during 18 h of incubation. At 28 and 56 mM concentration there was no significant difference in glucose uptake or lactate production among the 4 buffers. However, TES maintained the medium pH best, and BES preserved the infectivity of the parasite best. Further comparison of TES and BES at 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM established 40 mM TES to be best for buffering the pH of the medium and maintaining infectivity of B. rodhaini.
LUPINOSIS: RESPONSE OF SHEEP TO DIFFERENT DOSES OF PHOMOPSIN
Authors: Jago MV , Peterson JE , Payne AL , Campbell DG 
Published: August 2007

SummaryPhomopsin, the mycotoxin produced by Phomopsis leptostromiformis, was found to have a very high toxicity for sheep. When administered as a single, subcutaneous injection over the dose range 1·25 to 98 μg/kg body weight, all sheep given 37·5 μg/kg or more died. Some, though not all, died following lower doses, the minimum lethal dose being 10 μg/kg. The time course of hepatic response over 21 days after phomopsin administration was followed by plasma biochemical analyses including those for some enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), total bilirubin and the determination of bromosulphophthalein clearance rates. Hepatobiliary impairment was apparent after all dosages of 2·5 μg/kg and above while 1·25 μg/kg approximated the ‘no effect’ level.
THE HYPOTHALAMO‐NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL SYSTEM OF NATIVE AUSTRALIAN DESERT RODENTS. THE CATECHOLAMINE CONTENTS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND POSTERIOR PITUITARY OF NOTOMYS ALEXIS, PSEUDOMYS AUSTRALIS AND THE LABORATORY RAT
Authors: Bridges TE , Bridges DCM 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe putative central catecholamine neurotransmitters, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, have been quantified by enzyme radiochemical methods in the hypothalamo‐neurohypophysial system (HNS) of the xeric rodents, Notomys alexis and Pseudomys australis, using the laboratory rat for comparison. All three catecholamines were found (noradrenaline > dopamine > adrenaline) in the hypothalami of the three species. The hypothalami of the two xeric rodents contained some 5–10 times as much of each of the catecholamines (when expressed as ng per body weight) as the rat. The ratio of noradrenaline to dopamine was constant (3·8–4·2) between species. Posterior pituitary contents of the catecholamines were generally inconsistent within and between species, with only dopamine being invariably and consistently present. It was also found that, like the antidiuretic hormone content, the dopamine content of the neural lobe was significantly correlated with the body surface area of the animal.Withdrawal of drinking water or its replacement with 2·5% saline increased hypothalamic noradrenaline synthesis and dopamine utilisation. In the neural lobe, saline ingestion produced a significant increase in all three catecholamines, but with water deprivation only dopamine was increased (relative to body weight).The results of these studies are interpreted as indicating a possible role for catecholamine neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, in the control of neurohypophysial hormone release in the HNS.
PROPERTIES OF ABLASTIN—A FACTOR IN THE SERUM OF RATS INFECTED WITH TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI WHICH INHIBITS THE PARASITES' DIVISION
Authors: Drew PA , Jenkin CR 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe present study investigated the nature of ablastin, a factor present in the serum of rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi and which inhibits the parasites' division. Ablastin was unstable to dialysis at pH 1·8, was not adsorbed from serum by trypanosomes and could not be induced in vivo by means other than a natural infection. Attempts to purify ablastin from serum by conventional chromatographic techniques were unsuccessful. Removal of over 90% of the immunoglobulins from ablastinic serum did not reduce the ablastin titre. It is concluded that ablastin is unlikely to be an immunoglobulin as has been previously suggested.
THREE MODES OF TRANSMISSION OF ROSS RIVER VIRUS BY AEDES VIGILAX (SKUSE)
Authors: Kay BH 
Published: August 2007

SummarySome 15% of the saltmarsh mosquito, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) vigilax (Skuse) mechanically transmitted the T48 strain of Ross River virus from viraemic donors to uninfected recipient suckling mice. The population tested from near Brisbane was moderately susceptible to infection (ID50=104·5±0·1 suckling mouse LD50/mosquito) when fed virus diluted in blood on a cotton pledget. Rapid proliferation of the virus in the mosquito allowed transmission from 4 days after ingestion with maximum transmission of 50–57% occurring from 10 days. From assay of Ae vigilax ovaries and of progeny reared from parentally‐infected females, preliminary data suggest transovarial transmission as a potential survival method for this virus.
HAEMAGGLUTININ LEVELS IN HAEMOLYMPH FROM THE COLONIAL ASCIDIAN BOTRYLLOIDES LEACHII FOLLOWING INJECTION WITH SHEEP OR CHICKEN ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Coombe Deirdre R , Ey PL , Jenkin CR 
Published: August 2007

SummaryHaemolymph was collected from colonies of Botrylloides leachii killed at various times after injection with sheep or chicken erythrocytes and the agglutination titre for sheep, chicken and guinea‐pig erythrocytes was determined. Controls included haemolymph from groups of uninjected colonies and from others injected with balanced salt solution. Animals given a single injection of erythrocytes exhibited no change in titre until the second week when a marginal (2‐ to 4‐fold) but statistically significant rise in titre was detected using each of the 3 types of indicator erythrocytes. A return to control values was observed by 6 weeks. The response to a second injection of erythrocytes, given 6 weeks after the first, appeared to be identical in magnitude and time of onset to the primary response, i.e. there was no indication of an anamnestic response. The increased haemagglutinating activity apparent 2 weeks after each injection was attributable to a rise in the HA‐2 agglutinin specifically, since the activity of the HA‐1 agglutinin (a calcium‐dependent lectin which binds to guinea‐pig erythrocytes only) remained unchanged. The results are considered in relation to self: non‐self recognition in this species.
IMMUNOGENICITY OF ISOLATED FOETAL MOUSE PROISLETS
Authors: Simeonovic Charmaine J , Lafferty Kevin J 
Published: August 2007

SummaryIsolated foetal mouse proislets are significantly less immunogenic than uncultured or 10‐day cultured foetal pancreas. In contrast to uncultured and 10‐day cultured foetal pancreas allografts which are acutely rejected, a proportion of proislet allografts show no evidence of rejection up to 12 weeks post‐transplantation.
COMPARISON OF RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE PROFILES OF DNA FROM LOCAL HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 (HSV‐2) STRAINS
Authors: Sheppard Michael , Arsenakis Minas , May John T 
Published: August 2007

SummaryComparisons of restriction endonuclease profiles of DNA isolated from nine genital HSV‐2 strains isolated from 1973 to 1981 were, made using six restriction endonucleases (Bg1 II, Hind III, Xba 1, Eco RI, Bam HI and Hpa I). The only variation detected in the DNA profiles was found with Eco RI and Bam HI, and in each case all the isolates could he classified into two groups. The difference between the two Eco RI groups could be accounted for by the absence of an Eco RI cleavage site from the HSV DNA. However, if comparison of the profiles of Eco RI and Bam HI cleaved DNA of the individual HSV‐2 strains is made then this yields four different groups. The complete Bg1 II, Xba I, Eco RI and Hpa I restriction endonuclease maps for the DNA from one isolate (HSV‐2M1) are shown.Little variation in the DNA profiles can be found in local genital HSV‐2 strains isolated over a 9‐year period, when individual restriction enzymes are used. Thus, restriction endonuclease analysis has limited use in local epidemiological studies of genital HSV‐2 isolates unless a wide variety of restriction endonucleases are used. However, the technique offers rapid differentiation between HSV‐2 and HSV‐1 local strains by using Hpa I endonuclease cleavage of HSV DNA.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GC (GROUP‐SPECIFIC COMPONENT) SUBTYPES IN CORD BLOODS AND BLOOD DONORS
Authors: Nicholls Catherine , Mulley JC 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe common allele, GC*1, was subtyped into GC*IF and GC*IS by isoelectric focusing, increasing the proportion of heterozygotes from 0.42 to 0.58. In a series of 200 blood donors and 200 cord bloods the allele frequencies were found to be: GC*IS = 0.59, GC*IF = 0.11, GC*2 = 0.30; and GC*IS = 0.54, GC*IF = 0.16, GC*2 = 0.30, respectively. These values were similar to frequencies obtained in studies of other Caucasian populations. The average probability of detecting non‐paternity for this population is increased from 17% to 30% after subtyping GC 1.
DETRIMENTAL EFFECT OF HIGH MEDIUM GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION ON SUBSEQUENT ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF TRANSPLANTED ORGAN‐CULTURED FOETAL MOUSE PANCREAS
Authors: Collier SA , Mandel TE , Carter WM 
Published: August 2007

SummarySingle 17‐day foetal mouse pancreases, cultured for 15 days in RPMI 1640 or DME containing either 1 or 4 g/1 glucose, were grafted under the kidney capsule of syngeneic mice made diabetic with Streptozotocin. Islets cultured in media containing 1 g/l glucose secreted less insulin in vitro than those grown in media containing 4 g/1 glucose. After transplantation, the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice grafted with islets grown in media containing 1 g/l glucose decreased to normal limits, whereas mice grafted with islets grown in media with 4 g/l glucose never became normoglycaemic. Histologically, grafts of tissue from high glucose cultures were smaller and had less well organized islet tissue than grafts from tissue maintained in physiological glucose concentrations. Islets cultured in DME secreted more insulin in vitro than those cultured in RPMI 1640, but the type of culture medium had no significant effect on subsequent graft function. These data support the concept that chronic exposure of foetal islets to high glucose concentrations may be deleterious to their subsequent function as grafts despite the fact that they secrete more insulin in vitro.