bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of physical activity and material culture on Gotland, Sweden, during the Middle Neolithic
Authors: Molnar P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLinking MSM (Musculoskeletal Stress Markers) to specific activities is difficult. This problem is explored by combining and comparing patterns of MSM and material culture. Sex‐ and age‐related patterns for MSM and grave goods distributions are analysed and compared from five Pitted Ware (c. 3400–2300 BC) sites on Gotland, Sweden. Possible links between MSM patterns, burial objects, faunal remains and subsistence are explored for a better understanding of some of the irregularities surrounding the Pitted Ware culture hunter‐gatherer complex on Gotland. Fifty‐two muscle and ligament attachments on seven skeletal elements were scored on adult skeletal remains (n = 126) from the five Middle Neolithic Pitted Ware sites at Ajvide, Västerbjers, Visby, Ire and Fridtorp. Noteworthy differences were observed in MSM mean scores between the sexes as well as significantly increased scores with increased age. Distributions for ten selected grave goods categories were also examined for the adult individuals as well as for 50 subadult individuals. The grave goods frequencies showed the opposite pattern from that of MSM: young individuals had higher frequencies of the selected grave goods than the old, and females generally more than males. Burial find distributions also differ at the five sites, as well as faunal refuse proportions, while isotopic data indicate homogeneous subsistence all over the island. Circumstances surrounding the faunal remains in graves and surrounding cultural layers indicate site‐specific utilisation, but also ritual handling of animals. An image of common identity on the island and membership of the local community is visible in the material culture. In addition, individual differences are apparent through MSM patterns and grave goods, but not in direct correlation to activities implied by the artefacts in the grave. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Candida albicans biofilm formation is associated with increased anti‐oxidative capacities
Authors: Seneviratne C. Jayampath , Wang Yu , Jin Lijian , Abiko Yoshi , Samaranayake Lakshman P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCandida albicans is a common, opportunistic, human fungal pathogen that causes a variety of mucosal and systemic afflictions. It exists in nature both in the biofilm or the sessile phase, as well as in the free‐floating or the planktonic phase. Candida biofilms, in particular, display unique characteristics that confer survival advantages over their planktonic counterparts, such as their recalcitrance to common antifungals. The mechanisms underlying Candida biofilm formation and their attributes are poorly understood. In this study, we used a 2‐DE‐based approach to characterize the protein markers that are differentially expressed in Candida biofilms in comparison to their planktonic counterparts. Using tandem mass spectrometric analysis, we have identified a significant number of proteins including alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, thioredoxin peroxidase, and thioredoxin involved in oxidative stress defenses that are upregulated in the biofilm phase. These proteomic findings were further confirmed by real‐time PCR and lucigenin‐based chemiluminescence assays. In addition, we demonstrate that a drug target for the new antifungal agent echinocandin, is abundantly expressed and significantly upregulated in Candida biofilms. Taken together, these data imply that the biofilm mode, Candida, compared with their planktonic counterparts, exhibits traits that can sustain oxidative stress (anti‐oxidants), and thereby exert resistance to commonly used antifungals.
Design and synthesis of ICT‐based fluorescent probe for high‐sensitivity protein detection and application to rapid protein staining for SDS‐PAGE
Authors: Suzuki Yoshio , Yokoyama Kenji 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA novel fluorescent molecular probe possessing styryl, sulfonyl, and cyanopyranyl moieties that was termed compound 1 was designed and synthesized to detect proteins through noncovalent bonding. Compound 1 did not produce fluorescence emission in the absence of proteins. However, its fluorescence spectrum showed a dramatic increase in the fluorescence intensity and strong orange emission after the addition of BSA. These changes were caused by intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The fluorescence intensities of compound 1 were plotted as a function of the protein concentrations. A good linear relationship was observed up to a protein concentration of 325 μg/mL, and the detection limit was 70 ng/mL under the given assay conditions; this detection limit was higher than that of previously reported compounds. To demonstrate the application of compound 1, proteins in an SDS‐PAGE gel were stained with compound 1 and were successfully imaged with a higher sensitivity and shorter staining operation time as compared to those of the silver staining method and SYPRO Ruby staining method. Thus, easy and high‐sensitivity protein detection can be performed with the fluorescent probe, and this probe is ideally suited to proteomic applications.
Synthesis and characterization of novel polybenzimidazoles bearing pendant phenoxyamine groups
Authors: Kulkarni Mahesh , Potrekar Ravindra , Kulkarni R. A. , Vernekar S. P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA novel aromatic diacid, 3, 5‐dicarboxyl‐4′‐amino diphenyl ether, containing pendant phenoxy amine group was synthesized. Homo‐ and co‐polybenzimidazoles containing different content of pendant phenoxyamine groups were synthesized by condensation of 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine with this acid and a mixture of this acid and isophthalic acid in different ratio in polyphosphoric acid. Copolybenzimidazoles with structural variations were also synthesized based on this acid and pyridine dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, adipic acid, or sebacic acid. The polymers have good solubility in polar aprotic solvents and strong acids and they form tough flexible films by solution casting. The polymers were characterized by different instrumental techniques (FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, etc.) and for solvent solubility, mechanical properties, inherent viscosity, and proton conductivity. The inherent viscosities of the polymers vary in the range of 0.62–1.52 dL/g. They have high thermal stability up to 475–506 °C (IDT) in nitrogen, high glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 313 to 435 °C and good tensile strength ranging from 58 to 125 MPa. Proton conductivity of homo polymer is 3.72 × 10−3S/cm at 25 °C and 2.45 × 10−2S/cm at 200 °C © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5776–5793, 2008
A strategy for synthesis of ion‐bonded amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers via supramolecular macro‐RAFT agent
Authors: Lu Dairen , Wang Yun , Wu Tianyuan , Tao Kang , An Lijia , Bai Ruke 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAmphiphilic supramolecular miktoarm star copolymers linked by ionic bonds with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity have been successfully synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using an ion‐bonded macromolecular RAFT agent (macro‐RAFT agent). Firstly, a new tetrafunctional initiator, dimethyl 4,6‐bis(bromomethyl)‐isophthalate, was synthesized and used as an initiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene to form polystyrene (PSt) containing two ester groups at the middle of polymer chain. Then, the ester groups were converted into tertiary amino groups and the ion‐bonded supramolecular macro‐RAFT agent was obtained through the interaction between the tertiary amino group and 2‐dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl‐2‐methyl propionic acid (DMP). Finally, ion‐bonded amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymer, (PSt)2‐poly(N‐isopropyl‐acrylamide)2, was prepared by RAFT polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of the supramolecular macro‐RAFT agent. The polymerization kinetics was investigated and the molecular weight and the architecture of the resulting star polymers were characterized by means of 1H‐NMR, FTIR, and GPC techniques. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5805–5815, 2008
Amphiphilic gradient copolymers containing fluorinated 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazolines: Microwave‐assisted one‐pot synthesis and self‐assembly in water
Authors: Lobert Matthias , Hoogenboom Richard , Fustin Charles‐André , Gohy Jean‐François , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHere, we present the one‐step synthesis of 2‐(m‐difluorophenyl)‐2‐oxazoline and its use as a monomer for microwave‐assisted statistical cationic ring‐opening copolymerizations (CROP). Well‐defined amphiphilic gradient copolymers, as evidenced by the polymerization kinetics, were prepared using 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline as comonomer and methyl tosylate as initiator in nitromethane at 140 °C. The resulting gradient copolymers (DP = 60 and 100) were characterized by means of size exclusion chromatography and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In the second part, we focus on a detailed study of the self‐assembly of the copolymers in aqueous solution using atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Both methods revealed the self‐assembly of the gradient copolymers into spherical micelles. To quantify the influence of the fluorine atoms and the monomer distribution on the self‐assembly, a comparative study with gradient copolymers of 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline and 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline was performed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5859–5868, 2008
Methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate oligomers adsorbed to porous isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) ultrathin films and mechanistic studies of living template polymerization
Authors: Ajiro Hiroharu , Kamei Daisuke , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMethacrylic acid (MAA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), methacrylamide, and oligomers of MAA and MMA were selected as a model of active radical species in living template polymerization using stereocomplex formation. The adsorption behaviors of the aforementioned model compounds were examined toward porous isotactic‐(it‐) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) ultrathin films on a quartz crystal microbalance, which was prepared by the extracting of syndiotactic‐(st‐) poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) from it‐PMMA/st‐PMAA stereocomplexes. The apparent predominant adsorption of oligomers to monomers was observed in both PMAA and PMMA oligomers, suggesting that the mechanism of template polymerization follows the pick up mechanism. Although vinyl monomers were not incorporated into the porous it‐PMMA ultrathin film, both PMMA and PMAA oligomers were adsorbed at the initial stages. However, adsorbed amounts were limited to about 5 and 15% at 0.1 mol L−1, respectively, which are much smaller values than corresponding st‐polymers. The results imply that radical coupling reaction is prevented during template polymerization to support the resulting living polymerization. ATR‐IR spectral patterns of oligomer complexes and it‐PMMA slightly changed in both cases, suggesting complex formation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5879–5886, 2008
Migration in a family way
Authors: Cooke Thomas J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis review traces the evolution of family migration research from one that was very narrowly focused on the trailing wife effect, to a transdisciplinary research topic which has the potential to greatly improve our understanding of family dynamics, life course events, family well‐being, gender differences in employment and earnings, and most importantly, migration research. The emerging scholarship surrounding family migration suggests that, firstly, family migration is extremely complicated and moves well beyond any conceptualisation that is brought to bear on individual migration, and secondly, a great deal of what has been traditionally thought of as individual migration should be more appropriately conceived of as family migration. The implication, of course, is that internal migration research should embrace the family as a central component of migration, or rather that family migration should move front and centre in discussions regarding migration in general. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of pre‐treatment with carbon monoxide and film properties on the quality of vacuum packaging of beef chops
Authors: Aspé Estrella , Roeckel Marlene , Martí M. Cristina , Jiménez Romel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBeef chops (longissimus dorsi) were pre‐treated with 5% carbon monoxide (CO) − 95% N2 for 24 h, vacuum packed in thermo‐contractile bags and stored at 0 ± 2°C. Shelf life, as determined by the viable aerobic bacterial load, was 11 weeks. Vacuum‐packed chops with heat‐contractile film produced a smaller drip loss, had a more intense red colour and higher colour stability under storage than chops with non‐heat‐contractile film. Chops pre‐treated with CO were redder during all the storage period than controls without CO. The pre‐treatment did not affect pH, water‐holding capacity, drip loss or rancidity of the meat stored in vacuum. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of routing protocols for the solar‐powered autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV) platform
Authors: Bartoš Radim , Chappell Steven G. , Komerska Rick J. , Haag Matthew M. , Mupparapu Sai S. , Agu Emmanuel , Katz Ian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe solar‐powered autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV) platform has been developed over the past several years as a means to achieve long‐endurance cooperative missions, and the design of mobile routing protocols has become one of the main areas of focus during this process. This paper reports on the lessons learned from the design, simulation‐based evaluation, and field testing of two protocols. Two areas for possible improvements are proposed and evaluated using simulations. Finally, we present suggestions drawn from field experience for improving the design, simulation, and evaluation of protocols for use in a harsh underwater environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenotypic spectrum of fucosidosis in Tunisia
Authors: Turkia H. Ben , Tebib N. , Azzouz H. , Abdelmoula M. S. , Bouguila J. , Sanhaji H. , Miladi N. , Maire I. , Caillaud C. , Kaabachi N. , Ben Dridi M. F. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryFucosidosis (OMIM 230000) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder due to deficient α‐l‐fucosidase activity(EC 3.2.1.51), leading to the accumulation of fucose‐containing glycolipids and glycoproteins in various tissues. This study contained the largest ever Tunisian survey of fucosidosis patients, diagnosed during the period 1987–2007. The clinical pictures and outcomes of these patients are compared with literature data. Ten patients (8 boys and 2 girls) from six unrelated families were diagnosed at a mean age of 29 ± 10.3 months. Six of the patients were diagnosed as having the more severe phenotype. The other four cases presented the low progressive phenotype. This distinction was determined by the presence or absence of angiokeratoma and age of death. For all of the patients in our survey, early motor development was more severely delayed than described in the literature. Six patients presented psychomotor decline during the second year of life. Clinical features consist of variable mental retardation (all patients), progressive spastic quadriplegia (6/10 cases), coarse facies (9/10 cases), growth retardation (7/9 cases), visceromegaly (3 cases), angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (4 cases), recurrent bronchopneumonias (all cases), seizures (4 cases) and variable degrees of dysostosis multiplex (all cases). Portal cavernoma, never described in the literature, was observed in one patient. The outcomes were severe in this survey, probably owing to restricted health care; death occurred in 6 of the 10 patients before age 10 years, following recurrent pulmonary infections and neurological deterioration. No intrafamilial variability was noted in the multiplex families. The clinical presentation and outcomes of some of these patients were consistent with the continuous clinical spectrum of severity in fucosidosis attested by most clinical studies.
Global existence for degenerate quadratic reaction–diffusion systems
Authors: Texier-Picard R. , Pierre M. 
Published: July 2008

We consider a class of degenerate reaction–diffusion systems with quadratic nonlinearity and diffusion only in the vertical direction. Such systems can appear in the modeling of photochemical generation and atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. The diffusion coefficients are different for all equations. We study global existence of solutions.

Résumé
Nous considérons une classe de systèmes dégénérés de réaction–diffusion avec une non-linéarité quadratique et avec diffusion uniquement dans la direction verticale. De tels systèmes peuvent apparaître dans la modélisation de la synthèse de polluants par réactions photochimiques et de leur dispersion atmosphérique. Les coefficients de diffusion sont différents pour chaque équation. Nous étudions l'existence globale de solutions.
Ouabain inhibits p38 activation in thymocytes
Authors: Rodrigues‐Mascarenhas Sandra , Bloise Flavia Fonseca , Moscat Jorge , Rumjanek Vivian M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe MAPK p38 is phosphorylated by multiple stimuli and regulates a number of transcription factors. It is reported that activation of p38 leading to the regulation of NFAT may result from an alternative MKK‐independent mechanism. This alternative pathway involves the protein Dlgh1 as an essential scaffold that assembles a module for the activation of p38. Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the Na+/K+‐ATPase, is capable of inducing the activation of various signal transduction cascades. In the present work, P‐p38 levels of ConA‐activated thymocytes treated with ouabain (1, 10 and 100 nM) were measured as also the effect of ouabain on NFATc1 expression. p38 phosphorylation and NFATc1 levels were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results indicated that ouabain inhibited both ConA‐dependent increase in P‐p38 and NFATc1 levels, which suggests an effect of ouabain on the p38 alternative pathway.
Interaction of p14ARF with Brca1 in cancer cell lines and primary breast cancer
Authors: He Lizhi , Fan Catherine , Ning Xiaoming , Feng Xinchang , Liu Yun , Chen Biao , Tang Damu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe report an association between p14ARF and Brca1 in which both proteins co‐immunoprecipitate (co‐IP) in DU145 cells. The N‐terminal 64 residues of p14ARF encoded by exon 1β are sufficient for this association. Inside the cell, ectopic p14ARF co‐localizes with ectopic and endogenous Brca1 in A375 cells. Endogenous p14ARF co‐localizes with endogenous Brca1 in DU145 cells but not in H1299 cells. Since p14ARF interacts with B23 in the nucleolus, Brca1 co‐localizes with B23 in DU145 but not in H1299 cells. While ectopic ARF potently inhibited DU145 cell proliferation, it had no effect on the proliferation of H1299 cells, suggesting that the interaction between ARF and Brca1 contributes to ARF‐mediated tumor suppression. Consistent with this notion, ectopic p14ARF modulates endogenous Brca1 expression in MCF7 breast cancer cells and p14ARF co‐localizes with Brca1 in normal breast epithelial cells. This co‐localization is enhanced in primary breast cancer. Taken together, the results show that p14ARF associates with Brca1, which may play a major role in tumor suppression.
Ghrelin attenuates plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 production induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α in HepG2 cells via NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Ding Liying , Liu Guoliang , Guo Wenshi , Zhao Hong , Zong Zhihong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPlasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1), produced partly from liver is a risk factor for macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Ghrelin, a recently described orexigenic peptide hormone, attenuates PAI‐1 induced by TNF‐α in the human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Exposure to TNF‐α (1 ng/ml) for 24 h caused a significant increase in PAI‐1 mRNA expression and protein secretion, as evaluated by RT‐PCR and ELISA, but pretreatment with ghrelin (1–100 ng/ml) inhibited both basal and TNF‐α‐induced PAI‐1 release in a dose and time‐dependent manner in HepG2. PDTC, selective NF‐κB inhibitor, had no additive inhibitory effects with ghrelin. The results indicate that ghrelin inhibits both basal and TNF‐α‐induced PAI‐1 production via NF‐κB pathway in HepG2 cells, and suggest that the peptide plays a therapeutic role in atherosclerosis, especially in obese patients with insulin resistance, in whom ghrelin levels were reduced.
Intraoperative mapping of anal and perineal anatomy using an electrostimulator
Authors: Aslan Erdogan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo present a new technique to identify perineal and anal sphincter anatomy using an electrostimulator in order to facilitate anatomical repair.MethodsA neglected perineal tear was repaired using the technique described.ResultsThe patient's St Mark's incontinence score improved from 22 out of 24 to 6 out of 24.ConclusionsThis technique may be practical and useful for intraoperative mapping of distorted perineal and anal anatomy to assist surgical repair.
TORSION UNITS IN INTEGRAL GROUP RINGS OF CERTAIN METABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: Hertweck Martin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt is shown that any torsion unit of the integral group ring $\mathbb{Z}G$ of a finite group $G$ is rationally conjugate to an element of $\pm G$ if $G=XA$ with $A$ a cyclic normal subgroup of $G$ and $X$ an abelian group (thus confirming a conjecture of Zassenhaus for this particular class of groups, which comprises the class of metacyclic groups).
ON THE REGULARITY CONJECTURE FOR THE COHOMOLOGY OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: Benson David J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLet $K$ be a field of characteristic $p$ and let $G$ be a finite group of order divisible by $p$. The regularity conjecture states that the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of the cohomology ring $H^*(G,K)$ is always equal to 0. We prove that if the regularity conjecture holds for a finite group $H$, then it holds for the wreath product $H\wr\mathbb{Z}/p$. As a corollary, we prove the regularity conjecture for the symmetric groups $\varSigma_n$. The significance of this is that it is the first set of examples for which the regularity conjecture has been checked, where the difference between the Krull dimension and the depth of the cohomology ring is large. If this difference is at most 2, the regularity conjecture is already known to hold by previous work.For more general wreath products, we have not managed to prove the regularity conjecture. Instead we prove a weaker statement: namely, that the dimensions of the cohomology groups are polynomial on residue classes (PORC) in the sense of Higman.