bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quetiapine monotherapy in the treatment of patients with bipolar I or II depression and a rapid‐cycling disease course: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Vieta E , Calabrese JR , Goikolea JM , Raines S , Macfadden W ,   for the BOLDER Study Group
Published: June 2007

Objectives:  To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine monotherapy in patients with bipolar I or II disorder with a rapid‐cycling disease course.Methods:  Adult patients with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder, most recent episode depressed, with a rapid‐cycling disease course from a previously completed multicenter trial randomized to 8 weeks of treatment with quetiapine 600 mg/day (n = 31), quetiapine 300 mg/day (n = 42), or placebo (n = 35) were included in this sub‐analysis. The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline to week 8 in Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score.Results:  Quetiapine (600 and 300 mg/day) provided significantly greater mean reductions from baseline to week 8 in the MADRS total score than placebo (−21.1, −20.7 versus −11.6, both p < 0.001) in this patient population. Effect sizes in patients with a rapid‐cycling disease course were 1.2 (600 mg/day) and 1.1 (300 mg/day) and were similar for bipolar I (0.98 and 1.22) and bipolar II (1.45 and 0.97) sub‐groups. Significant improvements were also noted on the Clinical Global Impression, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire scales. Quetiapine was generally well tolerated with moderate increases in weight and extrapyramidal side effects compared to placebo. The incidence of treatment‐emergent mania was similar to placebo.Conclusions:  Quetiapine monotherapy (600 or 300 mg/day) is clinically effective and well tolerated in the short‐term treatment of depressive episodes in patients with bipolar I or II disorder who have a rapid‐cycling disease course.
Effectiveness of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in the maintenance phase of bipolar disorder: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Smith Lesley A , Cornelius Victoria , Warnock Adrian , Bell Angus , Young Allan H 
Published: June 2007

Background:  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of disability. Systematic reviews of randomized trials for the treatment of the maintenance phase of BD are lacking.Objectives:  To determine the efficacy and tolerability of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in the maintenance treatment of BD.Methods:  We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials of licensed medications for the treatment of any phase of BD. We included randomized controlled trials comparing a medication to placebo or another medication. Comprehensive searches of electronic databases were conducted to March 2005. Outcomes investigated were relapse due to mania, depression or any mood episode, and withdrawal due to any reason or due to an adverse event. Data were combined through meta‐analysis.Results:  Fourteen studies (n = 2,526) met the inclusion criteria. Lithium, lamotrigine, olanzapine and valproate semisodium each demonstrated evidence to support long‐term use. Compared with placebo, all medications were more effective at preventing relapse because of any mood episode. Hazard ratios (HR) were 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53–0.86] for lithium, 0.68 (95% CI = 0.55–0.85) for lamotrigine, and 0.82 (95% CI = 0.57–1.20) for valproate semisodium; for olanzapine, the risk ratio (RR) was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.49–0.69). Lithium and olanzapine significantly reduced manic relapses (HR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.35–0.79 and RR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.24–0.57, respectively). Lamotrigine and valproate semisodium significantly reduced depressive relapses (HR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.46–0.91 and RR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.20–0.82, respectively). Lithium significantly reduced manic relapses compared with lamotrigine (HR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.34–0.92) and olanzapine significantly reduced manic relapses compared with lithium (RR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.12–2.55). Withdrawal due to an adverse event was approximately twice as likely with lithium compared with valproate semisodium (RR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.08–3.03) and lamotrigine (RR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.31–3.70). There were few data for carbamazepine or medications given as adjunct therapy.Conclusions:  Mood stabilizers have differing profiles of efficacy and tolerability, suggesting complementary roles in long‐term maintenance treatment.
Effects of crop type on Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity and residual activity against Trichoplusia ni in greenhouses
Authors: Janmaat A. F. , Ware J. , Myers J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:We assessed the efficacy and persistence of a Bacillus thuringiensiskurstaki (Btk) formulation (Dipel) against Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lep., Noctuidae), the cabbage looper, on three greenhouse vegetable crops (tomato, bell pepper and cucumber). First, T. ni larvae were fed leaf discs treated with Btk to assess how Btk toxicity varies with host plant. Secondly, T. ni larvae were fed leaf discs harvested from plants that had been sprayed with Btk 1, 5 and 9 days previously to assess the residual activity of Btk toxicity in greenhouse environments. Mortality of T. ni larvae fed tomato leaf discs was significantly higher than T. ni fed cucumber or pepper leaf discs. The toxicity of Btk had declined by less than 50% after 9 days, which suggests that Btk persistence is lengthy in greenhouse environments. No crop effects on the residual activity of Btk were found. These results demonstrate that the greenhouse environment and the crop should be considered when using Btk for insect management on greenhouse crops.
Withholding anticoagulation after a negative computed tomography pulmonary angiogram as a stand‐alone imaging investigation: a prospective management study
Authors: Subramaniam R. M. , Blair D. , Gilbert K. , Coltman G. , Sleigh J. , Karalus N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) is essential and it is not clear whether a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) could be used as a stand‐alone imaging investigation. The aim of the study was to test the accuracy of the clinical outcome of a negative CTPA as a stand‐alone imaging investigation to exclude PE.Methods: Five hundred and thirty‐four consecutive patients who had a CTPA for diagnosis or exclusion of PE were recruited from March 2003 to October 2004. Four hundred and ninety‐four patients had a helical CTPA as a stand‐alone imaging investigation for diagnosis or exclusion of PE. A 3‐month post‐CTPA follow up was carried out in all patients to establish the clinical outcome accuracy of a negative CTPA as a stand‐alone imaging investigation.Results: There were 387 (78.3%) negative and 107 (21.7%) positive CTPA examinations. The average age of the patients was 57.16 years (standard deviation 18.57). Among those with a negative CTPA who survived, one patient had deep vein thrombosis and 342 patients had no evidence of an episode of venous thromboembolism or PE at the 3‐month follow up. Thirty‐eight patients died within the 3‐month follow‐up period and one patient’s death was attributed to suspected PE. The negative predictive value of a CTPA is 99.5% (95% confidence interval 98.1–99.9%).Conclusion: Helical negative CTPA examination excludes clinically significant PE as a stand‐alone imaging investigation. Where concurrent deep vein thrombosis is suspected, lower limb needs to be imaged by ultrasound if the CTPA is negative.
D‐dimer concentration increases with age reducing the clinical value of the D‐dimer assay in the elderly
Authors: Harper P. L , Theakston E. , Ahmed J. , Ockelford P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: The D‐dimer assay is used as an exclusion test in the assessment of suspected venous thromboembolic disease; patients with a negative result have a low probability of thrombosis. We reviewed the D‐dimer results from a hospital and community laboratory using the vidas D‐dimer test to assess the influence of age on the D‐dimer assay.Methods: D‐dimer results from 6631 unselected patients aged more than 16 years were analysed in four age groups and it was shown that the median D‐dimer concentration increased with age (16–40 years, 294 ng/mL; 40–60 years, 387 ng/mL; 60–80 years; 854 ng/mL; >80 years, 1397 ng/mL). To test the effect of age on the assay specificity, a cohort of 1897 patients with suspected venous thromboembolic disease was analysed separately. Patients with a negative D‐dimer were discharged without further investigation. Patients with a positive result and a clinical suspicion of thrombosis underwent further investigation. One hundred and sixty‐five deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolus cases were identified.Results: The assay specificity decreased with age from 70% in patients less than 40 years to below 5% in patients more than 80 years. Receiver operator curves were prepared for each age group and the effect of altering the threshold value was analysed. In patients 60–80 years old a threshold value of 1000 ng/mL increased assay specificity to 55% without loss of assay sensitivity.Conclusion: The vidas D‐dimer assay with a threshold value of 500 ng/mL has little clinical value as an exclusion test in patients more than 80 years old. The assay specificity is poor (26%) in patients aged 60–80 years but could be improved by increasing the threshold value to 1000 ng/mL. We believe that this should be tested in a prospective trial.
Hippocampal gene expression profiling reveals the possible involvement of Homer1 and GABAB receptors in scopolamine‐induced amnesia
Authors: Brouillette Jonathan , Young Deborah , During Matthew J. , Quirion Rémi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractScopolamine‐treated rats are commonly used as a psychopharmacological model of memory dysfunction and have been extensively studied to establish the effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Scopolamine is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that induces memory deficits in young subjects similar to those occurring during aging. The amnesic effect of scopolamine is well established but the molecular and cellular mechanisms that sustain its neuropharmacological action are still unclear. The present genome wide study investigates hippocampal gene expression profiling in scopolamine‐treated adult rats following stimulation in a spatial memory task. Using microarray and quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR approaches, we identified several genes previously known to be associated with memory processes (Homer1, GABAB receptor, early growth response 1, prodynorphin, VGF nerve growth factor inducible) and multiple novel candidate genes possibly involved in cognition (including calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase 2, dual specificity phosphatase 5 and 6, glycophorin C) that were altered following scopolamine treatment. Moreover, we found that stable over‐expression of glutamatergic components Homer1a and 1c in the hippocampus of adult rats induced by recombinant adeno‐associated virus vector abolished memory improvement produced by the GABAB receptor antagonist SGS742 in scopolamine‐treated rats. Taken together, these results reveal novel genes and mechanisms involved in scopolamine‐induced amnesia, and demonstrate the involvement of both GABA and glutamate neurotransmission in this animal model of cognitive dysfunctions.
Isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci in the mangrove mud‐nesting ant, Polyrhachis sokolova
Authors: BAY LINE K. , CROZIER Y. CHING , CROZIER ROSS H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe isolated and characterized eight anonymous microsatellite loci in the mangrove mud‐nesting ant, Polyrhachis sokolova. Three to 18 alleles were detected in 20 female workers collected from individual colonies at one location and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.45 to 0.85. These microsatellite loci will be useful in studies on mating strategy, colony and population structure in P. sokolova.
Crucial role of thalami and basal ganglia in emotional memory and cognition: association with the recognition of Niigata Ken Chuetsu earthquake 2004
Authors: IMAI Kunihide , YAMAGUCHI Kennichi , WATANABE Mayumi , KAINUMA Eisuke , HIKAKE Naohumi , SAITOH Shizuka , TANAKA Masaharu , MORITA Masahiro , SUNAYAMA Toru , NOMURA Miyoshi , KOZAKAI Tetsuo , WADA Shigetsugu , UEKI Ken , KIMURA Reiko 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:  It is suggested that thalami, basal ganglia, putamina and caudate heads play a crucial role in strong emotion such as the fear of serious earthquake. The aim of this study was to elucidate the radiographic findings (mainly the lacunae) in these regions, mental abilities and the extent of the activities of daily livings (ADL) of moderately demented patients who could recognize the Niigata Ken (prefecture) Chuetsu earthquake 2004 Japan.Methods:  In patients with moderate dementia, mainly Alzheimer’s disease, who could recognize the Niigata Ken (prefecture) Chuetsu earthquake 2004 in Niigata prefecture in Japan, their radiographic findings regarding thalami, basal ganglia, putamina and caudate heads were investigated by counting the numbers of lacunae using magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, their mental abilities were examined by Mini‐Mental Examination Score and Hasegawa Dementia Scale–Revised. Their activities of daily living were also assessed.Results:  The patients who could recognize the earthquake have statistically fewer lacunae in the thalami, basal ganglia, putamina and caudate heads, than those who could not (P < 0.01 by Student’s t‐test). This analysis revealed that the patients who could recognize the earthquake have statistically significant higher scores in both Mini‐Mental Examination Score, Hasegawa Dementia Scale–Revised (P < 0.05 by Student’s t‐test) and activities of daily living (P < 0.01 by Student’s t‐test). However, statistical significance was not obtained regarding education between two groups.Conclusion:  Thalami and the structures around them such as basal ganglia, putamina and caudate heads play an important role in emotion and cognition. Therefore, we concluded that numbers of lacunae might be a valuable marker in evaluating the cognitive abilities of the demented patients.
Successful treatment with quetiapine for delirium in terminally ill cancer patients
Authors: SHINNO Hideto , MATSUOKA Tatsuo , YAMAMOTO Osamu , NOMA Yoko , HIKASA Satoshi , TAKEBAYASHI Minoru , HORIGUCHI Jun 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe describe six patients with terminal cancer whose delirium improved after they started quetiapine (QTP). Haloperidol (HPD) had failed to improve their delirium, and they had suffered adverse effects, including over‐sedation, extrapyramidal signs and dysphagia. We prescribed QTP to improve their delirium. We evaluated the severity of the delirium using the Japanese version of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (jMDAS) before QTP treatment and 3, 7 and 14 days after QTP administration. The basal the Japanese version of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale score ranged from 18 to 24. Effective doses of QTP in the present cases were 12.5–50 mg/day. Delirium improved in all patients, and no significant adverse effects were observed. Several factors appear to contribute to symptoms of delirium in patients with terminal cancer. These causative factors are usually complicated and delirium often is refractory to usual pharmacotherapy, involving typical neuroleptics like HPD. QTP, however, appeared to be useful for delirium treatment in patients with advanced cancer.
Periodic stupor‐like states in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: SASAYAMA Daimei , MIYASHITA Mitsuhiro , FUKUDA Takahiro , TAKAHASHI Toru , INUZUKA Shin , WASHIZUKA Shinsuke , HANIHARA Tokiji , AMANO Naoji 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFour patients with progressive supranuclear palsy presented with various psychiatric symptoms. Periodic stupor‐like states due to fluctuations of consciousness were observed in all four cases. Magnetic resonance imaging showed severe dilatation of the third ventricle suggesting atrophy of the thalami. Neuropathological examination in one of the cases confirmed severe fibrillary gliosis in the intralaminar thalamic nucleus. So far, few studies have focused on periodic stupor‐like states observed in progressive supranuclear palsy patients. From our cases and from the literature, we postulate that the lesions in the intralaminar thalamic nuclei may have close relevance to the stupor‐like states seen in progressive supranuclear palsy patients.
Hippocampal size may contribute to prospective diagnosis of age‐related dementia
Authors: SAKAMOTO Toshiro , EBISU Youya , IKEDA Aya , NAKAYA Masashi , NISHIZAKI Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground:  The hippocampus is a center of cognitive function and therefore hippocampal atrophy is the major factor in cognitive decline. Analysis of hippocampal size may make it possible to predict progression in cognitive impairment. To address this point, the present study investigated the relationship between hippocampal atrophy and dementia using magnetic resonance (MR) images and the Hasegawa Dementia Scale‐Revised (HDS‐R).Methods:  The present study was performed on 274 subjects (14–97 years old; average, 66 years; 106 male and 168 female) who had no focal neurological deficit. Hippocampal area and whole brain area were measured in three series of coronal MR images taken from a 5‐mm slice rostrally along dorsal edge of the pons, and hippocampal size normalized by calculating summated hippocampal areas as percentages of summated whole brain areas. Dementia was screened for using HDS‐R.Results:  Hippocampal size decreased and HDS‐R reduced with age. Hippocampal atrophy was highly correlated with cognitive deterioration; a critical normalized hippocampal size for HDS‐R of less than 20, which corresponds with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, was found in 65% of over 60‐years old subjects and 98% of subjects with HDS‐R of less than 20 were over 60 years old.Conclusion:  There is a high probability that over 60‐year‐old people with a normalized hippocampal size of less than 1.0 would develop dementia in the future, even though their HDS‐R might presently be over 20. Measurement of hippocampal size with coronal MR imaging may therefore contribute to prospective diagnoses of age‐related dementia.
Complication Risk with Pulse Generator Change: Implications When Reacting to a Device Advisory or Recall
Authors: KAPA SURAJ , HYBERGER LINDA , REA ROBERT F. , HAYES DAVID L. 
Published: June 2007

Background:

Recent advisories and recalls of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) have highlighted the need for evidence‐based recommendations regarding management of patients with advisory devices. In order to better facilitate decision‐making when weighing the relative risks and benefits of performing generator changes in these patients, we conducted a review to assess operative complication rates.
Methods:

We reviewed generator changes performed between 2000 and 2005 at the Mayo Clinic‐Rochester, including a total of 732 change‐outs consisting of 570 done for elective replacement indicators (ERI) and 162 for manufacturer advisories or recalls. Complications included all those requiring reoperation, occurring within a 60‐day period postoperatively and directly attributable to the generator change. These included infection requiring device excision, hematoma requiring evacuation, and incisional dehiscence requiring reclosure.
Results:

Operation‐associated complications requiring intervention were noted in 9 patients, or 1.24% of our population. Of these nine complications, eight occurred among patients receiving pulse generator replacement for ERI (1.40%) and one occurred in a patient receiving replacement for a manufacturer advisory or recall (0.62%). Complications included 5 infections, 3 hematomas, and 1 incisional dehiscence.
Conclusions:

Generator replacement is not a benign procedure and associated risks must be weighed in the context of other variables when making management choices in patients with advisory or recall devices.
Topical plus subconjunctival anaesthesia: foldable intraocular lens implantation in eyes without capsule support through a self‐sealing incision
Authors: Monteiro Manuel , Marinho António , Salgado‐Borges José , Ribeiro Lucas , Castro Correia J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the clinical outcomes of topical plus subconjunctival anaesthesia for secondary implantation of foldable intraocular lens (IOL) (Ophtec PC 425Y) in eyes without capsule support through a self‐sealing incision.Methods:  We reviewed the medical records of 22 patients (22 eyes) who received topical plus subconjunctival anaesthesia for scleral fixation of a foldable IOL through small incision. The scleral incision technique was used for IOL scleral fixation. Twelve eyes had traumatic cataract, seven had postphacoemulsification complications and three were aphakic. We studied visual outcome, intraoperative complications and perioperative pain. Autorefractometry and keratometry measurements and central endothelial cell counts were evaluated 1 day preoperatively and 4 months postoperatively. The level of intraoperative pain was scored on a scale of 1–10, where 1 = no pain and 10 = severe pain.Results:  Nineteen patients (86%) tolerated the procedure well, giving pain scores of 1–3, and none required supplemental anaesthesia. The mean age of the patients was 60 years. The postoperative best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged between 20/100 and 20/25. Four months postoperatively, the mean myopic shift by autorefractometry was −1.25 dioptre (D) and the mean postoperative astigmatism was 1.75 D. The mean central corneal endothelial loss at 4 months was 12.24% (range 4.5–17.2%). Five microscopic hyphaema occurred intraoperatively. Four cystoid macular oedema and four peripheral anterior synechia were the only complications, each occurring at the final follow‐up.Conclusion:  Topical plus subconjunctival anaesthesia and scleral fixation of foldable IOL (Ophtec PC 425Y) was safe, quick, required a small incision, led to favourable visual outcomes and minimized the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications in eyes without capsule support. However, a long‐term study of a large population is required to confirm these findings.
Effect of Lead Acetate on Cytosolic Thioredoxin Reductase Activity and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Rat Kidneys
Authors: Conterato Greicy M. M. , Augusti Paula R. , Somacal Sabrina , Einsfeld Lídia , Sobieski Rocheli , Torres Juliana R.V. , Emanuelli Tatiana 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:   Oxidative stress has been suggested to be an important molecular mechanism of toxic effects of lead in the kidney. Thioredoxin reductase‐1 is a selenoprotein involved in many cellular redox processes. This study evaluated the effect of acute and chronic exposure intraperitoneally to lead acetate on thioredoxin reductase‐1 activity and on other oxidative stress parameters in the rat kidney, as well as on indicators of renal function commonly used to assess lead poisoning. Acute exposure to 25 mg/kg lead acetate increased superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin reductase‐1 activity (after 6, 24 and 48 hr), while exposure to 50 mg/kg lead acetate increased catalase activity (after 48 hr) and inhibited δ‐aminolevulinate dehydratase activity (after 6, 24 and 48 hr) in the kidney (P < 0.05). Chronic exposure (30 days) to 5 mg/kg lead acetate inhibited δ‐aminolevulinate dehydratase and increased glutathione S‐transferase, non‐protein thiol groups, catalase, thioredoxin reductase‐1 and uric acid plasma levels, while exposure to 25 mg/kg lead acetate reduced body weight and δ‐aminolevulinate dehydratase, but increased glutathione S‐transferase, non‐protein thiol groups and uric acid plasma levels (P < 0.05). No changes were observed in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, glutathione peroxidase, creatinine or inorganic phosphate levels after either acute or chronic exposure. Our results suggest that thioredoxin reductase‐1 may be an early indicator of acute exposure to low lead doses.