bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Experiences of Computer Numeric Control‐Milled Titanium Frameworks Supported by Implants in the Edentulous Jaw: A 5‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Örtorp Anders , Jemt Torsten 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Few long‐term follow‐up studies on treatment concepts using computer numeric control‐milled titanium frameworks have been conducted.Objective:To evaluate the clinical and radiographic performance of implant‐supported prostheses provided with computer numeric control‐milled titanium frameworks in the edentulous jaw and to compare their performance during the first 5 years of function with that of prostheses provided with conventional cast gold alloy frameworks.Materials and Methods:A consecutive group of 126 edentulous patients were randomly provided with 67 prostheses with titanium frameworks (test group) in 23 upper jaws and 44 lower jaws and with 62 conventional prostheses with gold alloy castings (control group) in 31 upper jaws and 31 lower jaws. Clinical and radiographic 5‐year data were collected for the test and control groups.Results:The frequency of problems was low, and clinical and radiologic performances were similar in both groups. In the test group, the 5‐year cumulative survival rates (CSRs) were 94.9% and 98.3% for implants and titanium prostheses, respectively. The respective corresponding CSRs for the control group were 97.9% and 98.2%. More loaded implants were lost in the maxillas in the test group (p < .01), but this difference was not significant on the patient/prosthesis level (p > .05). Smokers lost more implants than nonsmokers lost (p < .01). Similar survival rates were observed for implants in the mandible. One prosthesis was lost in each group because of the loss of implants. Metal fractures were seen only in the control group, and resin veneer fractures were more frequent in the maxilla in the gold alloy group (p < .05). In the test group, the mean marginal bone loss was 0.5 mm (SD, 0.44) in the maxilla and 0.4 mm (SD, 0.50) in the mandible. A similar pattern of bone reaction was observed in the control group. Mean marginal bone loss was similar for smokers and nonsmokers (p > .05).Conclusion:Computer numeric control‐milled titanium frameworks are a viable alternative to gold alloy castings in the edentulous jaw and present clinical and radiologic performances similar to those of conventional gold alloy frameworks during the first 5 years of function.
Stability of the Implant/Abutment Joint in a Single‐Tooth External‐Hexagon Implant System: Clinical and Mechanical Review
Authors: Khraisat Ameen , Abu‐Hammad Osama , Al‐Kayed Awni M. , Dar‐Odeh Najla 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTRigorous efforts have recently been made to reduce the recurrence of implant/abutment joint failure in single‐tooth implant restorations. However, the current knowledge about the stability of implant/abutment joints in an external hexagon implant system is incomplete. We reviewed clinical data regarding single‐tooth implant treatment with Brånemark implants, specifically the CeraOne abutment system (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden). In vitro studies on joint stability were systematically assessed. Bending overload and the presence of misfit at the implant/abutment joint interface are the critical mechanical conditions that can make the joint unstable. Appropriate joint fitness and proper alignment of the implant should be assessed, and occlusal adjustment by narrowing the restoration width and flattening cuspal inclination should be applied to avoid bending moments caused by the lateral component of occlusal forces. Sufficient clinical reports of longer duration that evaluate and verify longer‐term success of the newly manufactured joint components were unavailable.
Clinical Evaluation of a 3% Hydrogen Peroxide Tooth‐Whitening Gel
Authors: MYERS MICHAEL L. , BROWNING WILLIAM D. , DOWNEY MARY C. , HACKMAN STEVEN T. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this randomized double‐blind investigation was to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially available 3% hydrogen peroxide tooth‐whitening material (ADS Tooth Whitening Gel, Applied Dental Sciences, Inc., Lee, MA). The material was used over 2 weeks in a dentist‐supervised, patient‐applied application. Materials and Methods: The evaluation was carried out in accordance with American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home‐Use Tooth Whitening Products (May 1998). Sixty‐five participants were randomized into two groups (active and placebo) for a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. A custom application tray, scalloped without reservoirs, was fabricated for each participant. Tooth shades were documented by matching with the Vita shade guide ordered according to value and assigned a numeric ranking from 1 to 16, darkest to lightest. Participants were supplied with the treatment solutions to use in the application tray. Duration of active treatment was 30 minutes 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 1 week and 2 weeks treatment, and 12 and 26 weeks post‐treatment. The statistical analysis used at each time point to determine the difference between the active and placebo groups based on the change in value was the two‐sample f‐test. Plaque and soft tissue indices were also recorded. Results: The teeth treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide were significantly lighter at 2, 12, and 26 weeks (p≤ .0140, .0004, and .0001, respectively) compared with the placebo group. The mean shade change was 4.2 Vita shade tabs at 2 weeks. At 26 weeks (6 months), the degree of whitening was 4.1 tabs.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis study demonstrated that a 3% hydrogen peroxide gel used for 30 minutes 3 times a day is effective in lightening teeth after 2 weeks of active treatment. The color change was effectively maintained at 6 months.
Esthetic Techniques and Restorative Systems Used in the Second‐Year Undergraduate Dental Curriculum
Authors: RAIGRODSKI ARIEL J. , HARRISON JAMES D. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTMetal‐free tooth‐colored restorative systems for fabricating indirect intracoronal and extracoronal restorations have been developed because of patients' demand for superior esthetics. During the past decade, long‐term clinical studies have demonstrated the success of many of these types of restorations in terms of function and esthetics. Ceramic veneers, all‐ceramic crowns, ceramic onlays, and composite‐resin inlays are becoming an integral part of contemporary clinical practice. The constant evolution in bonding techniques, adhesive systems, and cements plays a major role in the success of these metal‐free restorations. In addition, home‐bleaching procedures have become an integral part of the esthetically oriented dental practice. This article discusses the rationale, scientific basis, and implementation of a new undergraduate preclinical esthetics course for second‐year dental students at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEChanges in the undergraduate dental curriculum are ultimately necessary to provide undergraduate students with the adequate theoretic knowledge and clinical skills they require to face challenging practice demands and patients' requests for esthetic restorations. The implementation of the Preclinical Esthetics course at Louisiana State University School of Dentistry gives undergraduate dental students a foundation for restoring patients with indirect tooth‐colored restorations, such as composite‐resin inlays, ceramic onlays, ceramic veneers, and all‐ceramic crowns, and vital bleaching procedures.
Effect of Resin Surface Sealers on Improvement of Stain Resistance for a Composite Provisional Material
Authors: DORAY PAMELA G. , ELDIWANY MAGDA S. , POWERS JOHN M. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Resistance to staining is desirable to maintain the esthetic appearance of a provisional material. A resin sealant may improve stain resistance. Purpose: Color changes of a resin composite provisional material were measured by reflection spectrophotometry after storage in three staining solutions and water to determine stain resistance when treated with three methacrylate or urethane dimethacrylate resin surface sealants and when left untreated. Materials and Methods: Specimens of a resin composite provisional material received one of three resin sealants (Fortify Plus°, Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL; Jet Seal°, Lang Dental Manfacturing, Wheeling, IL; Triad LC°, Dentsply International, York, PA, USA) or no surface sealer and then were stored for 72 hours in one of four staining solutions (water [control], black coffee, cranberry juice, red wine). Color was measured by CIE L*a*b*on a reflection spectrophotometer (Color‐Eye° 7000, Macbeth Division, Kollmorgen Instruments, Newburgh, NY, USA) at baseline and after storage. Color change (ΔE*) was calculated and analyzed statistically by two‐factor analysis of variance, with four solutions and four surface treatments as independent variables. Results:ΔE* ranged from 0.7 to 1.7 in water, from 1.1 to 5.5 in cranberry juice, from 1.1 to 6.5 in black coffee, and from 1.5 to 3.9 in red wine. Statistically significant differences were observed (p <.05), with Fortify Plus showing increased staining (AE* > 3.3) and Jet Seal and Triad LC showing decreased staining (AE* < 2.0) in cranberry juice and coffee compared with staining of the unsealed specimens. Only Jet Seal provided resistance to staining in red wine. Conclusions: Specimens without a surface sealer had statistically higher (p <.05) and perceptible or nearly perceptible color changes in cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine than in water. Specimens coated with Jet Seal had statistically lower (p < .05) color changes than uncoated specimens in cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine. When coated, the color changes of the stained specimens were not perceptible. Specimens coated with Triad LC had statistically lower (p < .05) color changes than unsealed specimens in cranberry juice and black coffee. When sealed, the color changes of the specimens stained with cranberry juice and black coffee were not perceptible. Both unsealed and sealed specimens stained with red wine were nearly perceptible. Specimens coated with Fortify Plus had statistically higher (p <.05) color changes than uncoated specimens in cranberry juice and black coffee but statistically the same (p <.05) color change as uncoated specimens in red wine. These specimens had perceptible color changes in cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESurface sealers of methacrylate or dimethacrylate resins can improve resistance of a resin composite provisional material to staining caused by cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine.
Abfraction Lesions: Myth or Reality?
Authors: REES J.S. , JAGGER D.C. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTLoss of tooth substance in the cervical region is usually attributed to toothbrush abrasion, erosion, or a combination of both factors. Recently the role of occlusal loading has become increasingly prominent. It is suggested that high occlusal loads cause large cervical stress concentrations, resulting in a disruption of the bonds between the hydroxyapatite crystals and the eventual loss of cervical enamel. This process has been called noncarious cervical tooth loss or abfraction.This article reviews the available evidence to support the thesis that occlusal loading can contribute to the process of abfraction. It also reviews the potential interactions between occlusal loading and erosion that may contribute to abfraction lesion formation.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIt is important to recognize the potential role of occlusal loading in the loss of cervical tooth tissue so that management of the occlusion can be incorporated into a treatment plan for a patient with abfraction lesions.
Perioesthetic Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Carious and Noncarious Cervical Lesions: Part II
Authors: TERRY DOUGLAS A. , McGUIRE MICHAEL K. , MCLAREN EDWARD , FULTON RUDOLPH , SWIFT EDWARD J. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTSeveral classes of tooth‐colored materials are available for restoring carious and noncarious cervical lesions. Included are the composite resins, which can be bonded into the cervical area to provide predictable form, function, and esthetics. Part I of this two‐part report reviewed the etiology of noncarious cervical lesions and provided a series of clinical case reports showing the importance of the periodontal aspect of lesion management. In part II we present information about adhesive preparation design and esthetic restoration of the noncarious cervical lesion.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEWhen used with proper attention to preparation design and restoration placement and finishing, resin composites can be used to successfully restore form, function, and esthetics to defective cervical areas of teeth.
Long‐Term Resin Bond to Densely Sintered Aluminum Oxide Ceramic
Authors: BLATZ MARKUS B. , SADAN AVISHAI , SOIGNET DONOVAN , BLATZ ULRIKE , MERCANTE DONALD , CHICHE GERARD 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Densely sintered aluminium oxide ceramic is a popular material for ceramic copings and all‐ceramic restorations. A strong, predictable, and long‐term durable resin bond is key for long‐term clinical success of bonded alumina‐based restorations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare in vitro shear bond strengths of three resin cements with and without their corresponding silane coupling/bonding agent to air particle‐abraded densely sintered aluminum oxide ceramic after long‐term water storage and thermocycling. Materials and Methods: Composite resin cylinders were bonded to air particle‐abraded samples of densely sintered aluminum oxide ceramic with Noribond DC® (Noritake Dental Supply, Inc., Aichi, Japan), Panavia 21® EX (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), and Variolink II® (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), which were used with and without their corresponding silane coupling and bonding agents (n= 15). All specimens (N= 90) were stored for 180 days in water and subjected to repeated thermocycling for a total of 12,000 cycles before shear bond strength was tested. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal‐Wallis test and the Wilcoxon two‐sample rank sum test at the 5% level of significance. Results: Most groups had no or only minimal bond strength to densely sintered alumina after simulated aging. Panavia had the highest bond strength without silane/bonding agent application. Noribond with its silane/bonding agent revealed the highest overall bond strength, which was significantly greater than that of either Variolink or Panavia after silanization. Conclusions: Resin cements revealed significantly different bond strengths, and the use of silane coupling and bonding agents had various effects on the resin bond to pure densely sintered alumina.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESelection of the proper cement/bonding system is fundamental to clinical long‐term success of bonded alumina‐based restorations. Noribond with its bonding agent and ceramic primer seem to fulfill these requirements under clinically relevant testing conditions.
Use of Shade Guides for Color Measurement in Tooth‐Bleaching Studies
Authors: BROWNING WILLIAM D. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTSeveral different methods are used to measure tooth color in bleaching studies. The ADA Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home Use Tooth Whitening Products specify the use of a value‐oriented shade guide and/or electronic color measurement devices. Since people perceive color differently, shade guides are a subjective measure. Differences between raters and by the same rater are well documented in the dental literature. The purposes of this article will be to discuss the advantages and disadvantages using shade guides to measure color change related to tooth whitening, and to evaluate the correlation of data gathered from the use of shade guides to electronic color measurement devices.Using an order published by the manufacturer, both the TRUBYTE® Bioform and Vita Classical guides can be arranged by value. A study by O'Brien demonstrated however, that the order is flawed and the change in brightness from tab to tab varies greatly. Despite these disadvantages, a review of data from several clinical trials demonstrates that Vita Classical shade guide data is consistent with data gathered using electronic color measurements. Furthermore, the O'Brien data can be used to make both these guides better measurement systems.The ADA Certification program standards define the degree of overall color change that should be considered clinically important. This issue is as critical as the measurement system used. Reporting color changes that are neither detectable to the human eye nor considered by the public to be important offers the profession little usable information. Given that any standard for color change during bleaching must relate to the abilities of the human eye, it is the conclusion of the author that shade guides should remain a critical element of any bleaching study.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEClinicians are frequently exposed to reports of bleaching agents that have been shown to result in a change of 6, 7, 8, etc., tabs. Without understanding the limitations of the shade guide used, reports of a specific shade tab change are of little use and may actually be misleading.
Influence of Cavity Configuration on Microleakage around Class V Restorations Bonded with Seven Self‐Etching Adhesives
Authors: SANTINI ARIO , IVANOVIC VLADIMIR , IBBETSON RICHARD , MILIA EGLE 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose::The purpose of this study was to evaluate microleakage around Class V resin composite restorations with different cavity configurations, bonded with one of seven self‐etching materials or with an adhesive using the total‐etch technique.Materials and Methods:Ninety‐six human molars and premolars were randomly assigned to eight groups and bonded with one of seven self‐etching adhesives—Prompt‐L‐Pop™ (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), Adper Prompt‐L‐Pop™ (3M ESPE), Clearfil SE Bond® (Kuraray Medical, Okayama, Japan), Prime & Bond® NT/NRC (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), Xeno® III (Dentsply DeTrey), One‐Up Bond® (Tokuyama Dental, Tokuyama, Japan), AdheSE® (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein)—or with Prime & Bond® NT (Dentsply DeTrey) using a separate total‐etch technique. Cavities were cut in both the lingual and buccal surfaces and were approximately 3 mm mesiodistally, 1.5 mm deep, and 2.0 mm occlusogingivally. Selected at random, box‐shaped cavities were cut on one side and V‐shaped cavities were cut on the contralateral side. After bonding, the cavities were incrementally filled with a microhybrid composite (Tetric Ceram®, Ivoclar Vivadent), cured, and immediately polished with Sof‐Lex™ (3M ESPE) disks. The teeth were thermocycled, and the specimens were examined for microleakage using Procion Brilliant Red® (ICI, Slough, UK) as a marker.Results:Comparisons of both gingival and enamel margins within each of the groups showed no significant difference owing to configuration factor (C‐factor; p < .5 in all cases, calculated with Kruskal‐Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and Dunn's multiple comparison test). All groups showed microleakage at the gingival margins irrespective of C‐factor or bonding agent (box‐shaped cavities, p < =.8862; V‐shaped cavities, p < =.9623; using the ANOVA).Microleakage was not observed at all enamel margins regardless of C‐factor or bonding agent, and there were no significant differences between the groups (box‐shaped cavities, p < =.9869; V‐shaped cavities, p < =.9550; using the Kruskal‐Wallis nonparametric ANOVA).
Impression Matrix Technique for Cusp Replacement Using Direct Composite Resin
Authors: DENEHY GERALD , COBB DEBORAH 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTPlacement of Class II composite resin restorations often presents unique challenges in achieving proper contour and contact. Although the use of sectional bands has provided solutions to these problems, their use typically is limited to more ideal cavity preparations. With more extensive loss of tooth structure, recreating the natural tooth contours and contacts with direct resin composite can be difficult. Typically an indirect restoration is the treatment of choice when a cusp is lost. However, situations may arise that require the use of direct resins for cusp replacement. This article describes the use of an impression matrix to facilitate the replacement of missing tooth structure and allow the dentist to use sectional bands in certain cusp loss situations.
One‐Year Tensile Bond Strengths of Two Self‐Etching Primers to Bovine Enamel
Authors: MIGUEZ PATRICIA A. , PEREIRA PATRICIA N.R. , SWIFT EDWARD J. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose::The purpose of this study was to evaluate the enamel bond strengths of two self‐etching primer systems and a total‐etch self‐priming adhesive system at 24 hours and after a 1‐year period of storage in water at 37°C.Materials and Methods:An experimental self‐etching priming system (ABF, Kuraray Medical, Tokyo, Japan), Clearfil™ SE Bond (Kuraray), and One‐Step® (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA) were used as the adhesive systems. Eleven bovine incisors stored frozen were ground with 600‐grit SiC paper, bonded as recommended by the manufacturers, and restored with Clearfil™ AP‐X (Kuraray) or Renew® (Bisco). After 24 hours in water at 37°C, the teeth were sectioned into 0.7 mm‐thick slabs that were trimmed and tested for microtensile bond strength using a tabletop tester (EZ test, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Alternate slices were either tested at 24 hours or kept in an incubator at 37°C for 1 year prior to testing. The data were analyzed using paired t‐test (p < .05).Results:Differences in bond strengths were not significant at 24 hours. After 1 year, ABF and Clearfilk SE Bond had significantly higher mean bond strengths than at 24 hours (p < .001).Conclusions: Enamel bond strengths of the total‐etch two‐step adhesive remained stable, and the bond strengths of the two self‐etching primer systems increased with time.