bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosine‐induced apoptosis and cytokine activation in immune peripheral cells of Krabbe patients
Authors: Formichi Patrizia , Radi Elena , Battisti Carla , Pasqui Annalaura , Pompella Gerarda , Lazzerini Pietro Enea , Laghi‐Pasini Franco , Leonini Alessandra , Di Stefano Anna , Federico Antonio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGloboid cell leukodystrophy or Krabbe disease (KD), is a hereditary disorder caused by galactosylceramidase deficiency. Progressive accumulation of psychosine is considered to be the critical pathogenetic mechanism of cell death in the Krabbe brain. Psychosine mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. It seems to induce apoptosis in oligodendrocytes through a mitochondrial pathway and to up‐regulate inflammatory cytokines production resulting in oligodendrocyte loss. Our aim was to evaluate the role of psychosine in apoptotic cell death and inflammatory response in a group of patients affected by KD using peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a cellular model. PBLs from KP and healthy controls were exposed to 20 µM psychosine and analysed by flow cytometry, agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescence microscopy. Our results showed that psychosine induces apoptosis in PBLs through a mitochondrial pathway, but the apoptotic response was quite low especially KP. The role of psychosine in the up‐regulation of cytokines (TNFalpha, IL8 and MCP1) has been evaluated by ELISA in PBMCs from KP and controls after stimulation with LPS and phytohemagglutinin. Both in basal condition and after LPS stimulation, cells from KP showed a significant increase in TNF‐α production, reduced MCP1 levels and no modification in IL8. These results indicate that lymphomonocytes from KP had a basal proinflammatory pattern that was amplified by psychosine. In conclusion, the reduced apoptotic response and the atypical cytokine production observed in our experiments, suggest an involvement of inflammatory pattern in immune peripheral cells of KP. J. Cell. Physiol. 212:737–743, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accelerated and safe expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells in animal serum‐free medium for transplantation and regenerative medicine
Authors: Lange Claudia , Cakiroglu Figen , Spiess Andrej‐Nikolai , Cappallo‐Obermann Heike , Dierlamm Judith , Zander Axel R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHuman bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) are currently investigated for a variety of therapeutic applications. However, most expansion protocols still use fetal calf serum (FCS) as growth factor supplement which is a potential source of undesired xenogeneic pathogens. We established an expansion protocol for hMSC based on the use of GMP‐produced basic medium LP02 supplemented with 5% of platelet lysate (PL) obtained from human thrombocyte concentrates. Compared to FCS‐supplemented culture conditions, we found a significant increase in both colony forming unit‐fibroblast (CFU‐F) as well as cumulative cell numbers after expansion. This accelerated growth is optimized by pooling of at least 10 thrombocyte concentrates. A minimal requirement is the use of 5% of PL with an optimal platelet concentration of 1.5 × 109/ml, and centrifugation of thawed lysate at high speed. Cells expanded by this protocol meet all criteria for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), e.g. plastic adherence, spindle‐shaped morphology, surface marker expression, lack of hematopoietic markers, and differentiation capability into three mesenchymal lineages. MSC at passage 6 were cytogenetically normal and retained their immune‐privileged potential by suppressing allogeneic reaction of T‐cells. Additionally, gene expression profiles show increased mRNA levels of genes involved in cell cycle and DNA replication and downregulation of developmental and differentiation genes, supporting the observation of increased MSC‐expansion in PL‐supplemented medium. In summary, we have established a GMP‐compatible protocol for safe and accelerated expansion of hMSC to be used in cell and tissue therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 18–26, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology of the femoral glands in the lizard Ameiva ameiva (teiidae) and their possible role in semiochemical dispersion
Authors: Imparato Beatriz A. , Antoniazzi Marta M. , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Jared Carlos 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMany lizards have epidermal glands in the cloacal or femoral region with semiochemical function related to sexual behavior and/or territorial demarcation. Externally, these glands are recognized as a row of pores, opening individually in the center of a modified scale. In many species the pores are used as systematic characters. They form a glandular cord or, in some species, a row of glandular beads below the dermis, and are connected to the exterior through the ducts, which continuously liberate a solid secretion. Dead cells, desquamated from the secretory epithelium, constitute the secretion, known as “a secretion plug.” The present work focusses on the morphology of the femoral glands of the teiid lizard Ameiva ameiva, correlating it to the way in which the secretion is deposited in the environment. The results here obtained are compared to those available for other lizards and amphisbaenians. We observed that the diameter of the glandular pores did not show significant differences between males and females. The glands comprise germinative and secretory cells, which pass through at least three stages of differentiation, during which an accumulation of cytoplasmic granules, with a glycoprotein content, occurs. The cells eventually die and desquamate from the secretory epithelium, forming a secretory plug mostly constituted by juxtaposed nonfragmented secretory cells. Because of the arrangement of the rosette‐like scales surrounding the femoral pores, we suggest that when the animal is in a resting position, with its femoral regions touching the ground, these scales may be involved in the breakage of their respective plugs, depositing tiny portions on the substrate. In this manner, it seems that the method for signal dispersion in this species involves specifically adapted structures and does not simply involve the chance breakage of the plug, as the gland secretes it. Signal dispersion must also be intimately associated with the animal's movement within its territory. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sperm transfer and reproductive biology in species of hermaphroditic bivalves (Galeommatoidea: Montacutidae)
Authors: Fox Thomas H. , Jespersen Åse , Lützen Jørgen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe histology of the reproductive organs is studied in the protandric hermaphroditicTellimya ferruginosa.In NW Europe the species reproduces from May through August. Sperm transfer takes place when mature testis follicles are transplanted to the gills or walls of the mantle cavity in recipient hermaphroditic or female bivalves. Transplantation is accompanied by histological changes and sperm cells are released when transplants perish with age. Details are given on the reproduction inMontacuta percompressawhich takes place from March through October in North Carolina, USA. All shelled bivalves are females and it is postulated that spermatogenic bodies attached to gills or other surfaces in the female's mantle cavity and previously considered to be dwarf males arise from transplanted larval gonads. The ultrastructure of the euspermatozoa and/or the anucleate paraspermatozoa is described inT. ferruginosa, T. tenella,andM. percompressa. The sperm of the first two species share a number of significant apomorphies with those of another montacutid,Brachiomya stigmatica. In the simultaneous hermaphroditicM. substriatathe nucleate paraspermatozoa associate with the euspermatozoa to form spherical spermatozeugmata that are stored in the testis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protective effect of HLA‐B57 on HCV genotype 2 infection in a West African population
Authors: Chuang Wing Chia‐Ming , Sarkodie Francis , Brown Colin J. , Owusu‐Ofori Shirley , Brown Juliette , Li Chengyao , Navarrete Cristina , Klenerman Paul , Allain Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecovery from Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered infrequent (<20%) in western populations but reaches 50% in West Africa where genotype 2 infection is predominant. To investigate the role of cellular immune responses and host genetics in this phenomenon, samples from 104 Ghanaian blood donors reactive with anti‐HCV assays were collected between 2000 and 2005. HCV antibody was confirmed by Western blot using genotype 2 recombinant core, E2 and NS3 proteins. Viral load and genotype were determined. Samples were stratified into 37 chronic, 35 recovered infections and 32 false positive. Eighty‐one percentage of subjects with chronic infection (RNA positive) carried genotype 2 HCV. Cellular immune response was investigated in 35 frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples suitable for interferon‐gamma ELISPOT assay. Twelve out of 24 confirmed recovered, 1 out of 5 chronically infected and none of the 6 false‐positive controls reacted to recombinant proteins. HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR types were determined by DNA methodology. HLA‐B*57 was significantly more frequent in the group which had recovered from HCV infection compared with chronically infected subjects (P = 0.0053, OR = 8.02). In conclusion, it is hypothesized that the dominance of genotype 2 HCV strains may be an important factor explaining the high rate of recovery from HCV infections in Ghana via an efficient contribution of HLA‐B*57 which is relatively frequent in the population. J. Med. Virol. 79: 724–733, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioenergetics of mitochondria in cultured neurons and their role in glutamate excitotoxicity
Authors: Nicholls David G. , Johnson‐Cadwell Linda , Vesce Sabino , Jekabsons Mika , Yadava Nagendra 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe pathologic activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate is a major contributor to neuronal cell death after stroke. Receptor activation causes a massive influx of calcium into the neuron that is accumulated by the mitochondria. The favored hypothesis is that the calcium loaded mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species that damage and ultimately killed the neuron. In this review this hypothesis is critically re‐examined with an emphasis on the role played by deficits in ATP generation. Novel techniques are developed to monitor the bioenergetic status of in situ mitochondria in cultured neurons. Applying these techniques to a model of glutamate excitotoxicity suggests that enhanced reactive oxygen species are a consequence rather than a cause of failed cytoplasmic calcium homeostasis (delayed calcium deregulation, [DCD]), but that prior oxidative damage facilitates DCD by damaging mitochondrial ATP generation. This impacts on current hypotheses relating to the neuroprotective effects of mild mitochondrial uncoupling. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of Toll‐like receptor 4 expression and its signaling by hypoxia in cultured microglia
Authors: Ock Jiyeon , Jeong Jaeyoon , Choi Wan Sung , Lee Won‐Ha , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Kim In Kyeom , Suk Kyoungho 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHypoxia is an important biological signal that regulates a wide variety of physiological responses. At the same time, hypoxia is involved in multiple pathological situations. In particular, hypoxia is closely associated with neural injury in the brain. Hypoxia has been recently proposed as a neuroinflammatogen, as it can induce the inflammatory activation of microglia, a major cellular source of inflammatory mediators in the brain. In this article, we present evidence that hypoxia enhances Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in cultured microglia and differentially regulates the downstream signaling pathways of TLR4. Hypoxia up‐regulated TLR4 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in a microglia cell line, as well as in primary microglia cultures. Hypoxia, however, differentially regulated MyD88‐dependent and ‐independent pathways of TLR4 signaling: Hypoxia enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced interferon regulatory factor–3 (IRF‐3) activation and the subsequent expression of IFNβ (MyD88‐independent pathway), whereas it suppressed LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation (MyD88‐dependent pathway). Hypoxia did not affect IFNγ signaling, which was represented by signal transducer and activator of transcription–1 (STAT1) activation and interferon‐regulatory factor‐1 (IRF‐1) induction. Taken together, although hypoxia up‐regulates TLR4 expression, its downstream signaling pathways appear to be differentially modulated by hypoxia. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of elevated temperature and mobile phase composition on a novel C18 silica column
Authors: Lippert J. Andreas , Johnson Todd M. , Lloyd Jarem B. , Smith Jared P. , Johnson Bryce T. , Furlow Jason , Proctor Angela , Marin Stephanie J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA novel polydentate C18 silica column was evaluated at an elevated temperature under acidic, basic, and neutral mobile phase conditions using ACN and methanol as the mobile phase organic modifier. The temperature range was 40–200°C. The mobile phase compositions were from 0 to 80% organic–aqueous v/v and the mobile phase pH levels were between 2 and 12. The maximum operating temperature of the column was affected by the amount and type of organic modifier used in the mobile phase. Under neutral conditions, the column showed good column thermal stability at temperatures ranging between 120 and 200°C in methanol–water and ACN–water solvent systems. At pH 2 and 3, the column performed well up to about 160°C at two fixed ACN–buffer compositions. Under basic conditions at elevated temperatures, the column material deteriorated more quickly, but still remained stable up to 100°C at pH 9 and 60°C at pH 10. The results of this study indicate that this novel C18 silica‐based column represents a significant advancement in RPLC column technology with enhanced thermal and pH stability when compared to traditional bonded phase silica columns.
Separation and evaluation of free radical‐scavenging activity of phenol components of Emblica officinalis extract by using an HPTLC–DPPH• method
Authors: Pozharitskaya Olga N. , Ivanova Svetlana A. , Shikov Alexander N. , Makarov Valery G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new procedure has been developed to separate and quantify the free radical‐scavenging activity of individual compounds from an Emblica officinalis extract based on the combination of HPTLC with a diode array detector (DAD) and postchromatographic DPPH• radical derivatization. Free gallic and ellagic acids and emblicanins A and B in the E. officinalis extract were separated by TLC and identified. All the compounds of the extract were capable of scavenging of DPPH• radicals. It was established that the DPPH• scavenging activity of emblicanins A and B was 7.86 and 11.20 times more than that of ascorbic acid and 1.25 and 1.78 times more than gallic acid, respectively. From the estimated ID50 values, it can be seen that the increasing order of activity was emblicanin B > emblicanin A > gallic acid > ellagic acid > ascorbic acid. Probably, the antioxidant activity of E. officinalis extract is associated with the presence of hydrolyzable tannins having ascorbic acid‐like action.
HPLC analysis of selected xanthones in mangosteen fruit
Authors: Walker Edward B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractXanthones are unique chemical compounds found in nature, composed of a tricyclic aromatic system with a variety of phenolic, methoxy, and isoprene substituents, giving rise to numerous derivatives. They dissolve to varying degrees in solvents ranging from alcohol to hexane. An optimum solvent mixture of acetone/water (80:20) selectively and effectively extracts a wide variety of xanthones. Subsequent HPLC analysis using standard C‐18 RP and a 30‐min gradient of 65–90% MetOH in 0.1% formic acid detects and separates numerous different xanthones with UV detection at 254 nm. The xanthones alpha‐mangostin, 8‐desoxygartanin, gartanin, beta‐mangostin, 3‐mangostin, and 9‐hydroxycalabaxanthone have been extracted, identified, and quantitatively determined using this method. This analytical method is applied to the analysis of these xanthones in the rind of the mangosteen fruit, Garcinia mangostana.
Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations
Authors: Wu Naijun , Clausen Andrew M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe ongoing development of HPLC has been focused on increasing the speed and efficiency of separations over the past decade. The advances in separation speed have been primarily related to the development of column technology and instrumentation. Relatively short columns packed with sub‐2 μm particles provide high‐speed separations while maintaining or increasing resolution. Ultrahigh pressure pump systems have been developed to overcome the high‐pressure drop generated by such sub‐2 μm packings. In this review, fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure or ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (U‐HPLC) are discussed. Applications of fast U‐HPLC separations are also presented.
Kinetics and dynamics of O + OClO reaction in a modified many‐body expansion potential energy surface for ClO3
Authors: Teixeira O. B. M. , Marques J. M. C. , Varandas A. J. C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe ClO3 many‐body expansion potential energy surface of Farantos and Murrell (Int J Quantum Chem 1978, 14, 659) has been modified along the minimum energy path for the reaction O + OClO → ClO + O2 such as to conform with the available kinetics data. The dynamics of the title reaction is also studied for temperatures of relevance in stratospheric chemistry. Two mechanisms for ClO + O2 formation are identified: (i) direct abstraction of a terminal oxygen atom from the OClO reactant and (ii) formation of an intermediate ClO3 complex followed by dissociation. The novel potential energy surface gives also a good description of the kinetics of the reaction Cl + O3 → ClO + O2. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 422–430, 2007
A Note on the Convergence of KAMPÉ DE FÉRIET's Double Hypergeometric Series
Authors: Srivastava H. M. , Daoust Martha C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBy using a technique of HORN [4], the authors discuss here the convergence conditions of the double hypergeometric series of the generalized KAMPÉ DE FÉRIET function introduced earlier by them [7]. It is shown that the recent observations of RAGAB [6] would follow fairly easily by suitably specializing the results of the present note. Also the method employed here is appropriately extended to obtain the domain of convergence of the authors' multiple hypergeometric series associated with the generalized LAURICELLA function of several variables [8].
On Δ‐principal directions of a congruence of curves in a FINSLER hypersurface
Authors: Prasad C. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the existing literature of FINSLER spaces, it has been stressed [ELIOPOULOS 1959, RUND 1956] that the process of Δ‐differentiation leads to the use of DUPIN's indicatrix in finding out the principal directions at a point of a hypersurface which are indeterminate. The process of Δ‐differentiation [4, 7] requires the use of the osculating DUPIN's indicatrix corresponding to a line‐element of FINSLER hypersurface which leads to the linear eigen value problem and thereby helps in determining the principal directions of a congruence of curves. This fact increases the scope of the theory of FINSLER spaces to a considerable extent. In this paper, therefore, an attempt has been made to find the Δ‐principal directions, generalized EULER's theorem, minimal congruences, Δ‐geodesic principal directions and Δ‐absolute curvature of the congruence with respect of a curve of Fn −1.
LEVINSONtheorem, instabile Eigenwerte und Streuquerschnittmaxima
Authors: Wollenberg M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMit Hilfe des Begriffs der Spektralverschiebungsfunktion wird eine Verallgemeinerung des aus der Streutheorie bekannten LEVINSONtheorems und eine Beziehung zwischen instabilen Eigenwerten und Maxima im Streuquerschnitt hergeleitet.
Projective limits of finite decomposition systems
Authors: Feiste U. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSpecial finite topological decomposition systems were used to get compactifications of topological spaces in [6]. In this paper the notion of finite decomposition systems is applied for topological measure spaces. We get two canonical topological measure spaces X∞ and X∞d being projective limits of (discrete) finite decomposition systems for each topological measure space X = (X, O, A, P) and each net (Aα) α ϵ I of upward filtering finite σ‐algebras in A. X∞ is a compact topological measure space and the idea to construct is the same as used in [6]. The compactifications of [6] are cases of some special X∞. Further on we obtain that each measurable set of the remainder of X∞ has measure zero with respect to the limit measure P∞ (Theorem 1). X∞d is the STONE representation space X(\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop \cup \limits_{\alpha \in I} A\alpha $\end{document}) of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop \cup \limits_{\alpha \in I} A\alpha $\end{document} Aα, hence a Boolean measure space with regular Borel measure. Some measure theoretical and topological relations between X, X(\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop \cup \limits_{\alpha \in I} A\alpha $\end{document}) and x(A) where x(A) is the Stone representation space of A, are given in Theorem 2. and 4. As a corollary from Theorem 2. we get a measure theoretical‐topological version to the Theorem of Alexandroff Hausdorff for compact T2 measure spaces x with regular Borel measure (Theorem 3.).
A Class of Spaces Containing all Connected and all Locally Connected Spaces
Authors: Kohli J. K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA simultaneous generalization of connectedness and local connectedness, called sum connectedness, is introduced. The category of sum connected spaces forms the smallest co‐reflective subcategory of TOP containing all connected spaces. A product theorem, analogous to that for locally connected spaces, is proved for sum connected spaces and a necessary and sufficient condition for the STONE‐ČECH compactification of a TYCHONOFF space to be sum connected is obtained.
The Kernels of Skeletal Congruences on a Distributive Lattice
Authors: Cornish William H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLet L be a distributive lattice with 0 and C(L) be its lattice of congruences. The skeleton, SC(L), of C(L) consists of all those congruences which are the pseudocomplements of members of C(L), and is a complete BOOLEan lattice. An ideal is the kernel of a skeletal congruence if and only if it is an intersection of relative annihilator ideals, i.e. ideals of the form <r, s>j={x∈L: xΔr≤s} for suitable r, s∈L. The set KSC(L) of all such kernels forms an upper continuous distributive lattice and the map a ↦ (a={x∈L: x≤a} is a lower regular joindense embedding of L into KSC(L). The relationship between SC(L) and KSC(L) leads to numerous characterizations of disjunctive and generalized BOOLEan lattices. In particular, a distributive lattice L is disjunctive (generalized Boolean) if and only if the map Θ ↦ ker Θ is a lattice‐isomorphism of SC(L) onto KSC(L), whose inverse is the map J ↦ Θ (J)** (the map J ↦ Θ(J)). In addition, a study of KSC(L) leads to new simple proofs of results on the completions of special classes of lattices.
Linear integral equations of the third kind arising from neutron transport theory
Authors: Shulaia D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study, in the class of Hölder functions, linear integral equations with coefficients cos x having zeros in an interval under consideration. Using the theory of singular integral equations, necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of these equations under some assumptions on their kernels are given. The kernels of transport equations satisfy the required assumptions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.