bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoradionecrosis of the maxilla and skull base
Authors: Silver Carl , Komisar Arnold , Kalnicki Shalom 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOsteoradionecroses of the maxilla and base of skull are rare phenomena, usually seen after combined therapy for malignancies of the maxillary sinus. While the mandible is most commonly affected by osteoradionecrosis, the maxilla and skull base may also be affected when preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy is combined with surgery.Contributing factors may be: high radiation dosage delivered to the treatment volume (> 6000 rads), loss of tissue protective effects due to surgery, decreased vascularity caused by surgery and radiation, and proximity of a contaminated field.Onset of symptoms mny vary. One patient presented 25 years after postoperative radiotherapy. Major symptoms were pain, trismus, and purulent discharge. The best diagnostic modality remains the history and physical exam, as the area is readily accessible. CT scans may be helpful in diagnosis and treatment planning.Therapy should follow time honored principles of local wound care. Home irrigations and hyperbaric therapy have been helpful in encouraging early sequestration and rapid healing.
Autoimmune vestibular dysfunction: Preliminary report
Authors: Hughes Gordon B. , Kinney Sam E. , Hamid Mohamed A. , Barna Barbara P. , Calabrese Leonard H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince 1981, 28 patients have been diagnosed with autoimmune inner ear disease. This preliminary, retrospective study reviews clinical and laboratory manifestations of autoimmune vestibular dysfunction.Sixteen of 28 patients presented with dizziness (7 vertigo, 8 lightheadedness, 1 ataxia). Twelve of these patients presented with Meniere's syndrome. Seven of 16 dizzy patients underwent formal vestibular testing. Five had reduced vestibular response in the involved ear(s); one patient had positional nystagmus only; and one had normal results.Of 17 patients with adequate follow‐up, 11 presented with dizziness. Hearing improved and dizziness resolved in two patients following treatment. Hearing stabilized and dizziness resolved in two. Hearing stabilized but lightheadedness (without vertigo) persisted in five. Hearing was lost and oscillopsia resulted in two patients.Preliminary conclusions are 1. vestibular dysfunction in autoimmune inner ear disease is nonspecific; 2. bilateral vestibular dysfunction is more common; 3. Meniere's syndrome is relatively common; 4. medical management usually is helpful; surgery at this time does not seem appropriate; 5. vestibular treatment results tend to parallel auditory treatment results.
The application of magnetic resonance imaging in otolaryngology
Authors: Baker Hillier L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging is a new diagnostic technique that is being applied to study disease processes that involve the upper aerodigestive tract and cranial nerves of interest to otolaryngologists. As with all imaging techniques, an in‐depth knowledge of the normal anatomy of a region is a prerequisite for the appreciation of disease states. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging requires a familiarity with the signal intensity produced by the different structures and the relationship of that signal to various radiofrequency pulse sequences that may be used. This report briefly reviews the techniques of magnetic resonance imaging and the normal anatomy of the cervical region and presents examples of pathologic processes that have been studied with this powerful diagnostic technique.
Tracheostomy in intensive care setting
Authors: Dayal Vijay S. , Masri William El 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA detailed analysis of early complications resulting from tracheostomy in 50 consecutive patients, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, who had required ototracheal intubation, is presented. The very low incidence of complications seen in this study supports the contention that a carefully performed tracheostomy is a safe procedure in the management of these critically ill patients. In view of this and the greater incidence of laryngeal and tracheal stenosis associated with longer periods of orotracheal intubation followed by tracheostomy, early tracheostomy should be considered in patients intubated for five days in whom further prolonged respiratory assistance is anticipated.
Effects of photosensitizer (hematoporphyrin derivative ‐ HPD) and light dose on vascular targets in the albino mouse ear
Authors: Davis R. Kim , Davis Kent , Straight Richard C. , Waner Milton 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPhotodynamic damage to normal tissues, including skin, appears to occur by photooxidative damage to the normal microvasculature as the primary target sensitized by HPD bound to the vascular wall or endothelial cell. Initial damage to the microvasculature was measured by the increase in vascular permeability (VP) as measured by Evans Blue dye (EB) extravasation as a function of HPD and laser light (632 nm) dose. Albino, Swiss‐Webster mice (♀ 122–25 g, 5 mice per group) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with incremental doses of HPD (Photofrin II, Photofrin Medical, Inc.) (1, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg). After 48 hours the left ear of each mouse was masked as a control and the right ear was irradiated at 632 nm using the Aurora‐Lexel Argon‐dye laser (Cooper Laser Sonics, Inc.) with an intensity of 50 mW/cm2 and light doses of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 J/cm2 directed to a 3‐mm spot on the mouse ear. No EB leakage occurred in the absence of HPD at any light dose or in the absence of light at any HPC dose. Vascular permeability increased as a function of HPD dose up to 30 mg/kg. AT 50 mg/kg HPD, there was a decrease in VP. At each HPD dose above 10 mg/kg, the VP increased as a function of light dose up to 75 J/cm3. Further increase in light dose was without effect. The amount of HPD porphyrin recovered from irradiated ears decreased as a function of light dose. There appeared to be an irreversible photo destruction of the porphyrin exposed to light.
Biostimulation of human caecinoma cells with the argon laser: A previously unreported potential iatrogenic effect of lasers
Authors: Castro Dan J. , Fetterman Harold R. , Ward Paul H. , Saxton Romaine E. , Castro Donna J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe human squamous carcinoma cell line Ps was subjected to treatment with a single mode argon laser at 514.5 nm. The temperature and energy levels delivered to the target cells were determined by a reproducible method of dosimetry. At energy levels between 860 to 990 J/cm2 and a corresponding temperature of 39±1 °C, a significant delayed stimulation in DNA synthesis was noted after 24 hours, but the cells remained viable. However, at energy levels and temperatures higher or equal to 1100 J/cm2 (41 °C), an immediate suppression of DNA synthesis was accompanied by nonviability of the Ps carcinoma cells. These results indicate that the argon laser has potential for selective biostimulation on carcinoma cell duplication at the specific “non‐thermal” range of 39±1 °C. Similar effects were not observed when the Ps carcinoma cells were heated to this same temperature using a standard heat bath. This phenomenon appears to represent a previously undescribed potential iatrogenic effect of the monochromatic laser beam in the treatment of cancer.
Surgical management of severe laryngomalacia
Authors: Holinger Lauren D. , Konior Raymond J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInfants and children with laryngomalacia exhibit varying degrees of upper airway obstruction and dysphagia. Although the disorder is usually self‐limited, the potential exists for symptoms so severe that operative intervention cannot be avoided. Relief of progressive airway compromise traditionally has involved bypassing the obstruction with tracheotomy. Recently, endoscopic surgical management of the most severe cases has been reexamined by the authors and others.Thirteen infants and children underwent supraglottoplasty (also referred to as epiglottoplasty or partial arytenoidectomy) for severe, complicated laryngomalacia. Endoscopic laser removal of flaccid supraglottic tissue resulted in improvement of the airway in all patients. In most patients, associated symptoms improved or completely resolved. Supraglottoplasty is an effective alternative to tracheotomy in carefully selected patients with severe laryngomalacia.
Alterations in glycoconjugate expression following malignant transformation of human oropharyngeal squamous mucosa
Authors: Freije Steven A. , Mostofi Reza S. , Bostwick David G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMalignant transformation of the squamous mucosa in the human oropharynx may be accompanied by alterations in carbohydrate production. Glycoconjugate expression was assessed by examining lectin‐binding patterns and ABH isoantigen expression in human biopsy specimens from nine cases of carcinoma in situ and ten cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma as well as adjacent normal squamous mucosa. Ten different fluoresceinconjugated lectins were used. Each lectin binds to specific nonreducing end‐terminal carbohydrate residues. Wheat germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin displayed intense cytoplasmic and/or membrane binding in more than 90% of the carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma specimens. However, only 40% of normal squamous epithelium specimens displayed intense cytoplasmic and/or membrane binding with wheat germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin. Bandieraea simplicifolia I and Helix pomatia exhibited weak binding in less than 35% of normal and neoplastic tissues. Weak cnnnvalia ensiformis binding was identified infrequently in the superficial layers of normal squamous mucosa, but was not found in neoplastic epithelium. None of the cases displayed binding for Dolichos biflorus, Ulex europaeus I, Sophora japonica, Glycine maximus, or Ricinus communis. Monoclonal antibodies directed against ABH blood group isoantigens showed increased cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for anti‐H in dysplastic and neoplastic tissues, when compared with normal squamous mucosa. These findings indicate that wheat germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin and H isoantigen are useful markers of malignancy in squamoproliferative lesions of the oropharynx, apparently reflecting alterations in expression of N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine and galactose‐related sugars, which appear following malignant transformation.
Gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in temporal bone lesions
Authors: Millen Steven J. , Daniels David L. , Meyer Glenn A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA 2‐year experience with an enhancement agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is examined through case presentations. Characteristics of the agent Gadolinium DTPA/Dimeglumin are reviewed. Radiographic capabilities in enhanced versus unenhanced MRI are compared. Temporal bone lesions, including acoustic neuromas and facial nerve neuromas, are presented. Recent experience with facial nerve enhancement in Bell's palsy is also presented. Greater accuracy in defining small temporal bone lesions and increased delineation of facial nerve involvement appear to be significant benefits with enhanced MRI.
Septal chondromucosal flap with preservation of septal integrity
Authors: Weisman Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNasal septal flaps are a convenient source of lining and support in nasal reconstructive surgery. Most technical descriptions of these flaps demonstrate designs that result in septal perforation. By properly planning the design of a contralateral mucosal flap, septal perforation can be avoided when septal chondromucosal flaps are used. Eight such flaps have been used by the author, four to provide lining and support in total nasal reconstruction after removal of very large basal cell cancers, and four to repair cerebrospinal fluid leaks. None of these eight patients developed septal perforations. Details of the operative technique and illustrative cases are presented.
Functional endonasal sinus surgery (FESS) in the pediatric age group
Authors: Gross Charles W. , Gurucharri Michael J. , Lazar Rande H. , Long Thomas E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFunctional endonnsal sinus surgery has become a popular mode of surgical treatment for sinus disease in the United States. The literature has primarily addressed its use in the adult population. We present our series of 57 children who underwent functional endonasal sinus surgery. The children ranged in age from 3 to 15 years. Follow‐up was from 3 to 13 months. Fifty‐four of the patients were treated for chronic or recurrent sinus infections. Three patients were treated for complications of acute sinusitis. All patients tolerated the procedure well, and there were no major complications. We conclude that functional endonasal sinus surgery is a safe procedure in the pediatric age group. Although postoperative follow‐up in the series was very short, early results appear encouraging. The technical approach is similar to that used in the adult procedure. The pediatric procedure, however, requires a follow‐up nasal endoscopy under general anesthesia to achieve optimal results.
Synchronous facial vascular vasodilation and salivatory response to atropine in the parasympathetically denervated human salivary parotid gland
Authors: Levin Samuil L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHypersalivation and facial skin hyperemia that simultaneously emerge in response to atropinization have been observed in patients who suffered trauma to the skull base combined with damage of the parasympathetic secretory and vasodilatory fibers in the greater and lesser petrosal nerves at the tip of the temporal bone pyramid. The study was facilitated by special vacuum capsules applied to both outlet ducts of the parotid glands. Hyperemia and hyperthermia of the face were evaluated visually, by thermometer readings, and color photography. The events described are distinct from those reported in the literature (i.e., paradoxical disturbances of facial and salivary gland innervation). This study analyzes the mechanism of initiation and the manifestations of this complex syndrome.
Normal brainstem auditory evoked potentials in adult hypothyroidism
Authors: Vanasse Michel , Fischer Catherine , Berthezène François , Roux Yves , Volman Gabriel , Mornex René 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNervous system dysfunction and hearing loss are part of the clinical picture of hypothyroidism. Several studies on visual evoked potential and two brainstem auditory evoked potential studies have shown abnormalities in this disease that are reversible with treatment. It has been suggested that visual evoked potential and brainstem auditory evoked potential could be useful to evaluate the effects of hypothyroidism on the central nervous system and to monitor the response to treatment. We recorded brainstem auditory evoked potentials in 15 adult hypothyroid patients immediately before treatment. All patients were women, ranging in age from 34 to 82 years. Fourteen also had an audiometric study. In five patients, both tests were repeated 20 to 22 months after treatment. Audiometry showed that hearing loss increased with age, suggesting that hearing loss in these patients could be secondary more to aging than to hypothyroidism. When compared to sex‐matched controls of similar ages, our patients showed no statistically significant differences in brainstem auditory evoked potentials before treatment. Brainstem auditory evoked potential values were not modified in the five patients whose tests were repeated after treatment. The normality of these results raises serious objections to the clinical use of brainstem auditory evoked potential for central nervous system evaluation and therapy monitoring in adult hypothyroidism.
An autosomal dominant inherited syndrome with congenital stapes ankylosis
Authors: Teunissen Bert , Cremers Cor W. R. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA newly recognized autosomal dominant inherited syndrome associated with congenital conductive deafness, hy‐peropia, broad thumbs, broad first toes, short distal phalanges, and syndactyly is reported. The conductive loss was the result of congenital stapes ankylosis and, in two cases, was associated with ankylosis of the short process of the incus in the fossa incudis. Stapedectomy improved hearing in these patients. Fused cervical vertebrae are also an associated feature.
KTP‐532 laser tonsillectomy: A comparison with standard technique
Authors: Oas Richard E. , Bartels James P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt has been stated that laser excision of oral and oro‐pharyngeal lesions result in less intraoperative blood loss, reduced postoperative pain, and quicker wound healing, but few controlled studies have been done to substantiate these claims. A study was undertaken to examine the benefits of the KTP‐532 laser in a group of 31 patients who underwent tonsillectomy. One tonsil was removed with the KTP‐532 laser and the other was excised with conventional dissection and snare technique. Patients were not told which tonsil was removed with the laser. Pain, healing, and intraoperative blood loss comparing one side to the other was assessed.On the evening of surgery, 83% of patients selected the side that underwent standard dissection and snare tonsillectomy as the most painful. By midweek, however, approximately equal numbers of patients selected the laser side as the most painful. At the end of 1 week, 63% of patients felt more pain on the laser dissection side. Possible reasons for these results are discussed.Intraoperative blood loss was significantly reduced with the use of the KTP‐532 laser, but healing was not accelerated.
Quantitative bacteriology of closed‐suction wound drainage in contaminated surgery
Authors: Becker Gary D. , Welch William D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the predictive value of quantitative bacteriology of closed‐suction postoperative wound drainage in identifying the patient likely to develop wound infection as well as its subsequent flora. Forty‐one patients undergoing major cancer surgery of the head and neck were studied. Postoperatively, closed‐suction wound drainage was cultured, and anaerobic and aerobic bacterial isolates were quantitated. The wound infection rate was 20% (8/41). No trend toward increased rate of wound infection with increased numbers of bacteria colonizing the wound was observed. Additionally, there was no consistent correlation between species of bacteria isolated from closed‐suction wound drainage and recovery from subsequent wound infection.Quantitative bacteriology of closed‐suction wound drainage after contaminated head and neck cancer surgery does not accurately predict which patients were likely to become infected, or the probable bacteriology of subsequent wound infection.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy: Application to pediatric head and neck masses
Authors: Mobley David L. , Frable Mary Ann Smith , Wakely Paul E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy cytology is widely used to screen masses in adults. The authors present a series of 89 fine‐needle aspiration biopsies performed between January 1973 and December 1988 on 86 pediatric patients with clinically significant head and neck masses. All fine‐needle aspiration diagnoses were confirmed by subsequent surgical biopsy, autopsy, or clinical follow‐up for a minimum of 18 months. Of 21 tumors identified, 19 were malignant.Of the 89 aspirations performed, 67 required no subsequent surgical biopsy. In 11 of these cases, meta‐static or recurrent tumor was diagnosed and appropriate therapy instituted. Fifteen of the 89 aspirates revealed previously undiagnosed tumors requiring surgical intervention.One false‐negative and two false‐positive results were obtained. No radical treatment resulted from the false‐positive diagnoses, and no patient delay in treatment occurred because of the false‐negative result. The sensitivity was 94.4%, and the specificity was 97.1%. The usefulness and cost‐effectiveness of fine‐needle aspiration is stressed.
Retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section: Efficacy in disorders other than meniere's disease
Authors: Kemink John L. , Telian Steven A. , Langman Alan W. , El‐Kashlan Hussam 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section has evolved as an effective treatment for intractable vertigo of peripheral vestibular origin when hearing preservation is desired. This report studies the efficacy of retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section for control of vertigo due to causes other than Meniere's disease. This report details our experience with 42 patients with a wide variety of diagnoses. The reduced success rate of retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section in these patients is difficult to evaluate, as very few patients have been analyzed with respect to their specific diagnoses. Of patients who underwent retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section for control of vertigo, 23 patients had uncompensated vestibular neuritis and 19 others had a wide range of other diagnoses. For patients with uncompensated vestibular neuritis (n = 23), the physician record noted that 39% of patients were cured and 30% improved. This compares to our series of patients with Meniere's disease (n = 48), where 94% were cured and 2% improved. The true vestibular abnormality may be less reliably identified in patients with uncompensated vestibular neuritis, contributing to the less effective results. Since the development of a vestibular rehabilitation program, retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section for uncompensated vestibular neuritis has been all but abandoned. Retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section appears to achieve a high cure rate in patients with sensorineural hearing loss associated with their vestibular abnormalities. While retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section is helpful for control of vertigo in some diagnoses, a substantial incidence of persistent postoperative dysequilibrium was noted.
Facial nerve regeneration through autologous nerve grafts: A clinical and experimental study
Authors: Spector J. Gershon , Peterein Judy , Lee Patty , Roufa Dikla 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHuman facial nerve regeneration was compared in two systems: autologous neural cable grafts (N = 56) and direct end‐to‐end anastomosis (N = 34). The data were analyzed based on the following criteria: facial symmetry and muscle tone at rest, degree of total facial reinnervation, voluntary motion, syn‐kinesis, and electrophysiologic testing. Facial tone and symmetry at rest, and electrophysiologic tests were similar, while voluntary motion and facial rein‐nervation were decreased and synkinesis increased in the autologous cable graft repairs. Electrophysiologic tests failed to distinguish between the two repair methods in successful regenerates. Neural cable grafts were associated with more mass movement and less fine precise emotive facial movement. Excellent cable graft repair results diminish with time because of continual progressive synkinesis, which may take up to 4 years to develop.Eight‐millimeter neural cable graft repairs of the buccal division of the facial nerve in rabbits (N = 8) demonstrate, at 5 weeks, equal myelinated and more unmyelinated axons than in the normal nerve controls. Neural cable graft repairs demonstrate two features not found in the normal nerve: 1. myelin debris and 2. two subpopulations of axons extrafascicular and intrafascicular. Myelin debris predisposes towards extrafascicular axon regeneration. Extrafascicular axons are the major neurite regenerates (63%). Intrafascicular axons are the major reinnervators of the distal transected nerve stump. Electrophysiologic studies demonstrate decreased conduction velocities which are related to the number and size of myelinated axonal regenerates. The implications for neurite reinnervation of the autologous cable graft and their role in synkinesis are discussed.