bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effects of cetylpyridinium chloride with an essential oil mouth rinse on dental plaque and gingivitis – a six‐month randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Albert‐Kiszely A. , Pjetursson B. E. , Salvi G. E. , Witt J. , Hamilton A. , Persson G. R. , Lang N. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: To compare the effects of an experimental mouth rinse containing 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (Crest Pro‐Health®) with those provided by a commercially available mouth rinse containing essential oils (EOs) (Listerine®) on dental plaque accumulation and prevention of gingivitis in an unsupervised 6‐month randomized clinical trial.Material and Methods: This double‐blind, 6‐month, parallel group, positively controlled study involved 151 subjects balanced and randomly assigned to either positive control (EO) or experimental (CPC) mouth rinse treatment groups. At baseline, subjects received a dental prophylaxis procedure and began unsupervised rinsing twice a day with 20 ml of their assigned mouthwash for 30 s after brushing their teeth for 1 min. Subjects were assessed for gingivitis and gingival bleeding by the Gingival index (GI) of Löe & Silness (1963) and plaque by the Silness & Löe (1964) Plaque index at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of rinsing. At 3 and 6 months, oral soft tissue health was assessed. Microbiological samples were also taken for community profiling by the DNA checkerboard method.Results: Results show that after 3 and 6 months of rinsing, there were no significant differences (p=0.05) between the experimental (CPC) and the positive control mouth rinse treatment groups for overall gingivitis status, gingival bleeding, and plaque accumulation. At 6 months, the covariant (baseline) adjusted mean GI and bleeding sites percentages for the CPC and the EO rinses were 0.52 and 0.53 and 8.7 and 9.3, respectively. Both mouth rinses were well tolerated by the subjects. Microbiological community profiles were similar for the two treatment groups. Statistically, a significant greater reduction in bleeding sites was observed for the CPC rinse versus the EO rinse.Conclusion: The essential findings of this study indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the anti‐plaque and anti‐gingivitis benefits between the experimental CPC mouth rinse and the positive control EO mouth rinse over a 6‐month period.
Factors influencing the outcome of non‐surgical periodontal treatment: a multilevel approach
Authors: Tomasi Cristiano , Leyland Alastair H. , Wennström Jan L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAim: To investigate, by means of multilevel analysis, factors that may affect the short‐term clinical outcome of non‐surgical periodontal treatment.Materials and Methods: Forty‐one patients randomly assigned to two protocols of non‐surgical therapy were included. The impact of different covariates on the probability of “pocket closure” [i.e. probing pocket depth (PPD)4 mm] was explored using a logistic multilevel model. The impact on the final PPD was explored using a continuous multilevel model.Results: The logistic model revealed a significant impact of smoking (p<0.001), presence of plaque at the site (p<0.001) and location of the pocket at a multi‐rooted tooth (p<0.001). The model explained 44% of the total variability. Of the unexplained variance, 19% was attributed to inter‐patient variability. The continuous model revealed the same factors to be significant and an additional significant impact of interactions between the covariates. The R2 was 0.50 and the random slopes model revealed an increase in the variability of the final pocket depth with an increase in the initial PPD.Conclusion: Smoking habits, plaque at site level and tooth type were significant factors in determining the short‐term clinical outcome of non‐surgical periodontal treatment.
Relations between the bone density values from computerized tomography, and implant stability parameters: a clinical study of 230 regular platform implants
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Tumer Celal , Ozbek Esma Nida , Tözüm Tolga F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAims: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bone density, insertion torque, and implant stability at implant placement.Materials and Methods: One‐hundred and eight patients were treated with 230 Brånemark System implants. A computerized tomography (CT) machine was used for pre‐operative evaluation of the jaw bone for each patient. The maximum insertion torque values were recorded with the OsseoCare equipment. Implant stability measurements were performed with the Osstell machine for only 142 implants.Results: The mean bone density and insertion torque values were 721±254 Hounsfield unit (HU) and 39.1±7 N cm for 230 implants, and the correlation was significant (r=0.664, p<0.001). The mean bone density, insertion torque, and resonance frequency analysis values were 751±257 HU, 39.4±7 Nc m, and 70.5±7 implant stability quotient (ISQ), respectively, for 142 implants. Statistically significant correlations were found between bone density and insertion torque values (p<0.001); bone density and ISQ values (p<0.001); and insertion torque and ISQ values (p<0.001).Conclusion: The bone density values from pre‐operative CT examination may provide an objective assessment of bone quality, and significant correlations between bone density and implant stability parameters may help clinicians to predict primary stability before implant insertion.
Foam sclerotherapy — A possible option in therapy of varicose veins
Authors: Kendler Michael , Wetzig Tino , Simon Jan C. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe therapy of varicose veins is multimodal and depends on the individual clinical findings. In addition to compression therapy, invasive approaches for elimination of reflux for the treatment of varicose veins are available, such as surgical and interventional methods and sclerotherapy. The administration of a scle‐rosing agent into a varicose vein results in an occlusion of the treated vein. Recently the use of foam sclerotherapy had a renaissance. Several studies have documented the efficacy of foam sclerotherapy in selected patients. The possibility of treating patients in an outpatient setting, with low costs and rapidly, makes foam sclerotherapy very attractive compared to invasive and minimally invasive methods. However long‐term follow‐ups in properly controlled randomized trials are needed before foam sclerotherapy can be recommended as a routine procedure. This paper introduces the method and the treatment possibilities with foam sclerotherapy in chronic venous insufficiency.
Cutaneous lymphomas in Germany: an analysis of the Central Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry of the German Society of Dermatology (DDG)
Authors: Assaf Chalid , Gellrich Sylke , Steinhoff Matthias , Nashan Dorothée , Weiße Franca , Dippel Edgar , Coors Esther , Stein Anette , Gollin Philippa , Henke Ulrike , Adam‐Murati Sabrina , Koch André , Klemke Claus‐Detlev , Stadler Rudolf , Sterry Wolfram 
Published: July 2007

Summary Background: Primary cutaneous lymphomas form a heterogenous group of lymphatic neoplasias.They manifest themselves on the skin and are the second most frequent group of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) following gastrointestinal lymphomas.The number of epidemiologic studies is small due to limited availability and limited comparability on population‐based data. Patients and methods: In the present study the first evaluation of the German Central Registry for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ZRKL) of the German Society of Dermatology (DDG) is undertaken on the basis of 998 patients.The epidemiology of cutaneous lymphomas in Germany is compared to other national or regional lymphoma registries. Results: Based on the registration of 998 patients from 26 clinics in Germany,a clear predominance of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (85 %) in comparison to cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas (14 %) is seen.The most frequent representative of CTCL is mycosis fungoides,composing 62 % of cases with a slight predominance of men (M:F = 1.6:1).Differences are also seen in stage of the disease at first presentation of patients with cutaneous lymphomas.While, for example, 80 % of patients with mycosis fungoides in Germany present in early stages (I–IIA),in the USA 34 % of patients are in the tumor stage or have organ involvement at presentation. Conclusions: The ZRKL of the DDG for the first time presents epidemiologic data from Germany, allowing comparison with other nations for the study of etio‐logical factors and socioeconomic influences. Further, the ZRKL supports the development of uniform and quality‐oriented diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options. Finally, the ZRKL provides a foundation for future intensive study of clinical and scientific questions regarding cutaneous T‐ and B‐cell lym‐phomas.
Relationship between symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and dental status, general health and psychosomatic factors in two cohorts of 70‐year‐old subjects
Authors: Österberg Tor , Carlsson Gunnar E. 
Published: July 2007

Objective:  To study the prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in two cohorts of 70‐year‐old subjects examined 8 years apart and analyse the relationship between such symptoms and dental status, general health and various background factors.Materials and methods:  Two cohorts of 70‐year‐old subjects, born in 1922 (n = 422) and 1930 (n = 491) respectively, were examined with an interval of 8 years. A TMD symptom index (0–5) was established on answers to five questions related to TMD symptoms.Results:  There were no statistically significant differences between the two cohorts for prevalence of TMD symptoms and TMD index, neither for headache, neck ache, bruxism and chewing ability. TMJ sounds was the most prevalent symptom, 14%, whereas other TMD symptoms had low prevalence. The distribution of the TMD symptom index showed that 81% reported no symptoms, 15% one symptom, 3% two symptoms and 1% three to five symptoms. Single TMD symptoms and the TMD index exhibited significant associations (p < 0.001) with bruxism, headache, neck pain and several general health and psychosomatic factors, but with dental status only in women. Logistic regression showed that bruxism, neck pain, mouth dryness and a number of psychosomatic factors were associated with the TMD index.Conclusions:  Besides TMJ sounds (14%), other TMD symptoms were rarely reported by the 70‐year‐old subjects. The TMD index was significantly associated with bruxism and several general health and psychosomatic complaints but with dental status only in women.
Surgical correction of ventricular septal defect with aortic regurgitation in a dog
Authors: SHIMIZU M. , TANAKA R. , HOSHI K. , HIRAO H. , KOBAYASHI M. , SHIMAMURA S. , YAMANE Y. 
Published: July 2007

An 8‐month‐old entire Miniature Dachshund, weighing 4.2 kg, was presented for examination following development of a cough. Ventricular septal defect had been diagnosed tentatively in its infancy on the basis of a cardiac murmur detected by auscultation and echocardiography.Echocardiography using a B mode right parasternal long‐axis view showed a defect at the atrioventricular junction and a thickened cusp of the aortic valve prolapsing into the defect. Colour‐flow Doppler showed shunt blood flow across the defect at the level of the atrioventricular junction, from left to right. The sinus of Valsalva was dilated, with turbulent blood flow. Aortic regurgitation was also observed. Cardiac catheterisation studies confirmed the diagnosis of a supracristal ventricular septal defect with aortic regurgitation.Despite medication with digoxin, enalapril and aminophylin, started from the first admission, left ventricular internal dimensions gradually increased, and fractional shortening of the left ventricle gradually decreased. Surgery, with the aid of extracorporeal circulation, to close the ventricular septal defect, was performed 1 year after the initial examination. The aortic valve was left untreated.Postoperatively, the systolic murmur disappeared. Shunt flow from the left to the right ventricle was no longer observed on echocardiography, however there was still a small amount of aortic regurgitation during diastole visualised with colour‐flow Doppler echocardiography. The prolapse of the cusp of the aortic valve on B‐mode echocardiography was no longer observed and thickening of the cusp had not progressed. Left ventricular function measurement using M mode echocardiography showed a reduced left ventricular volume overload with reduced left ventricular internal dimensions and increased fractional shortening. The cough was relieved and no follow‐up medication was scheduled. Early surgical closure of the ventricular septal defect improved the patient's condition and controlled prolapse and thickening of the aortic valve.
Inheritance of proportionate dwarfism in Angus cattle
Authors: LATTER MR , LATTER BDH , WILKINS JF , WINDSOR PA 
Published: July 2007

Objective To determine the mode of inheritance of congenital proportionate dwarfism in Angus and Angus crossbred cattle, initially detected in two commercial beef herds in northern New South Wales. Design Matings of normal carrier sires to unrelated cows of diverse breeds, and of one carrier sire to his unaffected daughters. An unrelated Piedmontese bull was also mated to unaffected daughters of the carrier sires. Procedure Two carrier Angus bulls and nine unaffected daughters, all of whom were completely indistinguishable from normal animals, were purchased for controlled breeding studies under known nutritional and disease conditions. Affected and carrier individuals were examined for the presence of obvious chromosomal abnormalities. Results Angus dwarfism has been successfully reproduced under controlled experimental conditions over successive years using unrelated dams and is undoubtedly heritable. The high frequency of occurrence of affected individuals (23/61 = 0.38 ± .06) among the progeny of matings of the Angus sires to unrelated females of diverse breeding is not compatible with recessive inheritance, because of the negligible frequency of proportionate dwarfism in the breeds of the dams. Both paternal and maternal transmission of the defect was demonstrated, so that imprinting in the strict sense of a gene that is only expressed when received from the male parent appears not to be involved. Tested individuals showed no evidence of gross chromosomal abnormality. Dominant autosomal inheritance with incomplete penetrance was indicated by the lack of expression of the defective gene in the two Angus sires and in three unaffected daughters who produced dwarf calves from matings to the Piedmontese bull. Conclusions The mode of inheritance is that of a single autosomal dominant gene with a penetrance coefficient of 0.75 ± 0.12, estimated from the observed incidence of 23/61 affected offspring of the two carrier Angus bulls mated to unrelated dams. Simple genetic models involving either (i) an unstable mutant which changes at high frequency to the expressed dominant dwarfing allele during gametogenesis, or (ii) a dominant allele with penetrance determined by an unlinked modifying locus, are shown to be compatible with the experimental data. Both models indicate that penetrance of the dwarfing gene may possibly be higher in matings involving carrier daughters of the two Angus bulls.
The occurrence of congenital heart defects in an inbred herd of pigs in Australia
Authors: HOLYOAKE PK , STEVENSON J. , MORAN C. , STOKES R. , KIRK EP , SUGO E. , HAWTHORNE WJ 
Published: July 2007

Objective To report on the first case of congenital heart defects in pigs in Australia. Design Retrospective analysis of case records from an inbred herd of “Westran’ pigs at the University of Sydney, between January 2001 and December 2004. Detailed gross and histological examination of 15 hearts from pigs that had died or were euthanased in 2004. Case Details The necropsy records from a population of 471 pigs that had died (106 pigs) or were euthanased for research purposes (365 pigs) were analysed and the incidence of heart defects recorded, together with basic demographic data. No attempts were made to diagnose the condition in live pigs. Results Congenital heart defects were diagnosed in 6.4% of pigs but this is likely to be an underestimate of the incidence of the deformity. Eighteen pigs died on the farm as a result of the defect, and 12 pigs were diagnosed with the defect as an incidental finding. The most common abnormality seen at necropsy was a sac‐like dilatation on the right lateral surface of the right atrium. This was associated with secondary deformity and hypoplasia of the adjacent left ventricle, interventricular region and part of the right ventricle. All hearts showed atrial septal defects of varying size. Conclusion This is the first reported case of congenital heart defects in pigs in Australia, and one of less than five reported cases of atrial septal defects in pigs in the world. The authors conclude that there may be an element of genetic predisposition to the malformation, since it has only been reported in this inbred line of pigs.
Effects of temperature and duration of sample storage on the haematological characteristics of western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus)
Authors: HULME‐MOIR KL , CLARK P. , SPENCER PBS 
Published: July 2007

Objective To investigate the effects of storage duration and temperature on haematological analyses performed on blood from the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosis). Method Blood samples from five western grey kangaroos were stored at 4°C, 24°C and 36°C. Each sample was analysed haematologically over a 5‐day period. Results The blood samples maintained optimal stability at 4°C. At this temperature the haematological values remained essentially unchanged for the duration of the study, while samples stored at 36°C and 24°C showed significant changes in some haematological measures by 12 h and 48 h, respectively. Disturbances in leukocyte morphology were evident, to varying degrees, in all samples. Conclusions Blood samples from macropodids should be tested within 48 h of collection if stored at a room temperature of about 24°C. Where testing is to be delayed for more than 48 h, samples should be refrigerated as soon as possible. Exposure of samples to heat in excess of 24°C should be avoided at all times.
Cloning, Nucleotide Sequencing, and Analysis of the AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump of
Enterobacter cloacae
and Determination of Its Involvement in Antibiotic Resistance in a Clinical Isolate
Authors: Pérez Astrid , Canle Delia , Latasa Cristina , Poza Margarita , Beceiro Alejandro , del Mar Tomás María , Fernández Ana , Mallo Susana , Pérez Sonia , Molina Francisca , Villanueva Rosa , Lasa Iñigo , Bou Germán 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Enterobacter cloacae
is an emerging clinical pathogen that may be responsible for nosocomial infections. Management of these infections is often difficult, owing to the high frequency of strains that are resistant to disinfectants and antimicrobial agents in the clinical setting. Multidrug efflux pumps, especially those belonging to the resistance-nodulation-division family, play a major role as a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative pathogens. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the genes encoding an AcrAcB-TolC-like efflux pump from an
E. cloacae
clinical isolate (isolate EcDC64) showing a broad antibiotic resistance profile. Sequence analysis showed that the
acrR, acrA, acrB
, and
tolC
genes encode proteins that display 79.8%, 84%, 88%, and 82% amino acid identities with the respective homologues of
Enterobacter aerogenes
and are arranged in a similar pattern. Deletion of the
acrA
gene to yield an AcrA-deficient EcDC64 mutant (EcΔacrA) showed the involvement of AcrAB-TolC in multidrug resistance in
E. cloacae
. However, experiments with an efflux pump inhibitor suggested that additional efflux systems also play a role in antibiotic resistance. Investigation of several unrelated isolates of
E. cloacae
by PCR analysis revealed that the AcrAB system is apparently ubiquitous in this species.
In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Cross-Resistance Profile of PL-100, a Novel Protease Inhibitor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: Dandache Serge , Sévigny Guy , Yelle Jocelyn , Stranix Brent R. , Parkin Neil , Schapiro Jonathan M. , Wainberg Mark A. , Wu Jinzi J. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Despite the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the current emergence and spread of drug-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stress the need for new inhibitors with distinct properties. We designed, produced, and screened a library of compounds based on an original
l
-lysine scaffold for their potentials as HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors (PI). One candidate compound, PL-100, emerged as a specific and noncytotoxic PI that exhibited potent inhibition of HIV-1 protease and viral replication in vitro (

K
i

, ∼36 pM, and 50% effective concentration [EC
50
], ∼16 nM, respectively). To confirm that PL-100 possessed a favorable resistance profile, we performed a cross-resistance study using a panel of 63 viral strains from PI-experienced patients selected for the presence of primary PI mutations known to confer resistance to multiple PIs now in clinical use. The results showed that PL-100 retained excellent antiviral activity against almost all of these PI-resistant viruses and that its performance in this regard was superior to those of atazanavir, amprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir. In almost every case, the increase in the EC
50
for PL-100 observed with viruses containing multiple mutations in protease was far less than that obtained with the other drugs tested. These data underscore the potential for PL-100 to be used in the treatment of drug-resistant HIV disease and argue for its further development.
Phase I and II Study of the Safety, Virologic Effect, and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Single-Dose 3-O-(3′,3′-Dimethylsuccinyl)Betulinic Acid (Bevirimat) against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Smith Patrick F. , Ogundele Abayomi , Forrest Alan , Wilton John , Salzwedel Karl , Doto Judy , Allaway Graham P. , Martin David E. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTBevirimat [3-O-(3′,3′-dimethylsuccinyl)betulinic acid] is the first in a new class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs that inhibit viral maturation by specifically blocking cleavage of the Gag capsid (CA) precursor, CA-SP1, to mature CA protein, resulting in defective core condensation and release of immature noninfectious virions. Four cohorts of six HIV-infected adults, with CD4 counts of >200 and plasma viral loads of 5,000 to 250,000 transcripts/ml and not currently receiving antiretroviral therapy, were randomized to receive a single oral dose of placebo, 75, 150, or 250 mg of bevirimat. Thirty blood samples for drug concentrations and 20 HIV RNA measures were collected from each subject over a 20-day period. Candidate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models were fit to individual subjects by maximum likelihood followed by Bayesian estimation; model discrimination was by corrected Akaike's Information Criterion. The bevirimat pharmacokinetics was well described by an oral two-compartment linear model (r2, 0.98), with a mean (percent coefficient of variation) half-life of 60.3 (13.6) h and apparent oral clearance of bevirimat from the plasma compartment of 0.17 (18) liters/h. HIV RNA was modeled as being produced in infected CD4 cells, with bevirimat inhibiting infection of new CD4 cells thru a Hill-type function (r2, 0.87). Single oral doses of bevirimat were well tolerated and demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in viral load. The average maximum reduction from baseline following the 150- and 250-mg doses was greater than 0.45 log10, with individual patients having reductions of greater than 0.7 log10. No bevirimat resistance mutations were detected during the course of the study.