bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermediates from the microbial oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Markovetz A. J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOxidation of aliphatic saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi leads to the production of a variety of intermediates, e.g., mono‐ and dicarboxylic acids, primary alcohols, isomeric alcohols and their corresponding ketones, diols, epoxides, and hydroxy acids. Further degradation of isomeric ketones in two species ofPseudomonas occurs by a flavoprotein monooxygenase leading to the formation of ester intermediates. In the case of 2‐tridecanone→undecyl acetate, the esterase active on the acetate ester also has been characterized. Oxidation of pristane gives rise to several branched chain intermediates of varying carbon length. Products from other branched chain hydrocarbons are also presented. Oxidation of hydrocarbons that are not growth substrates but are nonetheless oxidized by microorganisms is reviewed. The examples presented reiterate the fact that microorganisms are a metabolically diverse group capable of altering an incredibly wide array of organic compounds of which aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons as a class represent but one example.
Oils and fats, the historical cosmetics
Authors: DeNavarre Maison G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMany of the uses of oils and fats in cosmetics are the same as those of antiquity. However, technical progress has taken these natural materials apart and put them together differently. So now cosmetic chemists have the advantages of both natural and man‐made fats and oils. Furthermore, today there are available a variety of antioxidants which extend the shelf life of cosmetics made with them.
Oily components in cosmetics from a European view
Authors: Kroke H. P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAt about the turn of the century, the natural fatty acid triglycerides used as oily components in cosmetics were replaced by low‐priced hydrocarbon oils of high purity. More recently the trend was reversed in Europe, and the hydrocarbon oils are being replaced by resynthesized triglycerides and liquid waxy esters derived from natural products. Apart from dermatological and toxicological safety aspects, the resynthesized triglycerides used are derived from natural fatty acids and may even be used as food additive constituents. These modern oily components are well suited for use in specialty applications and for solving problems in the formulation of cosmetics.
Lanolin and its derivatives
Authors: Schlossman Mitchell L. , McCarthy Justin P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLanolin, which is extensively used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, is generally considered to consist of a mixture of naturally formed esters derived from higher alcohols and higher fatty acids. This paper encompasses the chemical description of lanolin; the composition of its esters, acids, and alcohols; the chemical and physical modifications of lanolin; the refining of lanolin; and some of its applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Some new developments in lanolin chemistry will also be high‐lighted.
Effect of atrial fibrillation on long‐term survival in patients hospitalised for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction☆
Authors: Rusinaru Dan , Leborgne Laurent , Peltier Marcel , Tribouilloy Christophe 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic importance of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) is not clearly established. Studies conducted in systolic HF have led to discordant results.AimsTo evaluate the relation between AF and long‐term survival in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF).Methods and resultsWe prospectively included 368 consecutive patients hospitalised for a first episode of HFPEF during 2000 and compared the 5‐year outcome of patients according to the presence or absence of AF on the baseline electrocardiogram. Propensity scores were used to reduce imbalance in baseline characteristics. Baseline AF was observed in 36% (n=132) of the study population. Patients with AF were older and more often had hypertensive heart disease. On univariate analysis, baseline AF was associated with an increased risk of 5‐year overall mortality (HR=1.36; 95%CI 1.03–1.79; p=0.03). After adjustment for covariates, baseline AF was no longer a predictor of reduced survival. The risk of adjusted cardiovascular death in patients with and without AF was comparable. In the propensity‐matched patients, AF was not related to a poorer outcome (HR=1.08; 95%CI 0.78–1.51; p=0.63).ConclusionIn patients hospitalised for HFPEF, AF is frequent and associated with an excess mortality mainly related to the advanced age of these patients. After adjustment for covariates, baseline AF is not an independent predictor of long‐term mortality.
Serum carbohydrate antigen 125 levels in advanced heart failure: Relation to B‐type natriuretic peptide and left atrial volume
Authors: Duman Dursun , Palit Fatih , Simsek Ergun , Bilgehan Karadag 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAimsTo assess the relation between serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125) and parameters of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure in patients with advanced heart failure (AHF).MethodsForty‐nine patients (mean age 67±10 years) with LV ejection fraction (EF) ≤0.35 and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV symptoms of heart failure were enrolled. Left atrial volume indexed to body surface area (LAVI) and the ratio of mitral inflow early diastolic velocity to annulus velocity (E/e) were evaluated with pulsed wave and tissue Doppler. Plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) was also measured.ResultsThe median overall CA 125 value was 44.0 (17.7–140) U/ml. CA 125 above the normal value (<35U/ml) was found in 28 of the 49 patients (57%). Compared to patients with normal CA 125 levels, those with elevated CA 125 had a higher NYHA class and increased serum BNP levels, LAVI and E/e. In multivariate analysis, serum CA 125 levels were significantly associated with BNP (standardized β coefficient=0.58, p<0.001) and LAVI (standardized β coefficient 0.34, p<0.005).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that elevated serum CA 125 levels are associated with increased LAVI in parallel to increased neurohormonal activation in patients with AHF.
The prevalence and incidence of left bundle branch block in ambulant patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Clark Andrew L. , Goode Kevin , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundApproximately one third of patients with chronic heart failure have left bundle branch block (LBBB) on their 12‐lead ECG.Methods and results1418 consecutive patients (average (SD) age 70.5 (10.4) years; 74% male) first seen in a community heart failure clinic between December 2001 and June 2006 had a 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG). 485 (34%) had a QRS duration ≥ 120ms. Patients with a broad QRS were older (72.2 v 69.3years), had worse left ventricular systolic function, were on a higher daily dose of diuretic and were more likely to be on amiodarone (14.4 v 7.1%).12 lead ECG was available for 734 patients (52%) at 1year follow up. The QRS interval increased from 115.1ms at baseline to 117.6 (P<0.0001). There were 52 incident cases of LBBB, an incidence of 10.9%. The only predictors of incident LBBB were QRS duration at baseline and amiodarone use at baseline. The proportion of patients with LBBB increased from 34.0% at baseline to 36.7%, 37.7% and 42.3% at 1, 2 and 3 years follow up, respectively. Baseline LBBB was associated with a worse outcome (HR 1.25 (95% CI 1.01–1.55). New LBBB was an independent adverse prognostic feature (HR 2.09 (95% CI 1.17–3.73); P=0.013).ConclusionsThe crude incidence of LBBB is 10.9% in the first year of follow up in an unselected population of ambulatory outpatients with chronic stable heart failure. Ongoing care of patients with chronic heart failure should include a regular 12 lead electrocardiogram.
Carbonaceous substance of the Sukhoi Log gold deposit (East Siberia)
Authors: Razvozzhaeva E.A. , Nemerov V.K. , Spiridonov A.M. , Prokopchuk S.I. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Insoluble carbonaceous substance (ICS) at the Sukhoi Log gold deposit has been studied following the scheme: source shales — concentrates — residual substance of rocks. Examination by electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy with electron microdiffraction, thermography, and mass spectrometry revealed several morphogenetic ICS varieties: dot-drop-like, honeycomb, single graphite crystals, and spherical graphite crystals.
Study of source shales and concentrates has shown their similar carbon isotope compositions (δ13Cav = 18.03–17.54‰). Residual carbonaceous substance is characterized by a heavy carbon isotope composition (δ13Cav = 10‰). Its enrichment with heavy carbon isotope, as compared with the source rocks, calls for special geochemical studies. The ICS heterogeneity in the Sukhoi Log shales points to variations in the physicochemical settings of ore formation at the deposit.
Isotope fractionation in the systems CH4–H2O and CH4–CO2 during microbial methane genesis in the Earth’s crust
Authors: Gutsalo L.K. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Distribution of hydrogen and carbon isotopes (D/H and 13C/12C) in the microbial systems CH4–H2O and CH4–CO2 was studied in different world’s regions. According to the distribution of these isotopes in the above systems, two types of microbial methane are recognized in the Earth’s crust: (1) resulting from CO2 reduction and (2) produced through acetate fermentation. In the case of methane 1, the biologic distribution of hydrogen and carbon isotopes in the above systems corresponds to the thermodynamic isotope exchange equilibrium at a given temperature of the methane genesis medium. In the case of methane 2, the same systems show mainly a nonequilibrium distribution of these isotopes. We have revealed a linear relationship between the isotopic compositions of CH4, H2O, and CO2: δD(C&gt;H4)=αDbDδD(H2O)+b and δ13C(CH4)=αCbCδ13C(CO2)+d, where αDb and αCb are the general factors of biologic nonequilibrium fractionation of hydrogen and carbon isotopes, respectively, in the systems CH4–H2O and CH4–CO2. These factors are determined from the equations 103 ln αDb=−477.357(106/T2)+3458.55 and 103 ln αCb=−277.954(106/T2)+1988.677, where T(K) is the temperature of the acetate methanogenic medium. The values of αDb and αCb do not depend (in contrast to the values of b and d) on the kind of bacteria and the temperature of the methane genesis medium. Based on thermodynamic data, we proposed a model for the formation of the isotopic composition of microbial methane in nature. Variations in the hydrogen and carbon isotope compositions of microbial methane in various geologic objects are due mainly to the variations in the temperature of the methanogenic medium and the mixing (in different proportions) of methane 1 with methane 2. The portions of acetate fermentation methane in the total balance of microbial methane in different geologic objects vary over a wide range of values: 52 to 100% in marine deposits of Cape Lookout Bight, North Carolina, US; 65 to 100% in surface fresh waters of Lake Wuermsee, Germany; and 35% in Lake Kivu, East Central Africa.
Let the Volgian stage stay in the Jurassic
Authors: Zakharov V.A. , Rogov M.A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
In 1996 the Volgian Stage was divided into the Jurassic and Cretaceous units, removed from the Geological Time Scale, and substituted by the Tithonian Stage according to the guidelines of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee of the Russian Federation (ISC RF). Consequently, the Upper Volgian Substage including three zones (five subzones) was placed into the Berriasian Stage (the Cretaceous) proceeding from ammonite fauna, and the Cretaceous lower boundary was defined by the base of the Kachpurites fulgens Zone. Some stratigraphers, however, contested that decision and suggested to restore the former status of the Volgian Stage. Their idea has been validated by magnetostratigraphic studies carried out in 2003 in Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary strata in the Nordvik Peninsula (the Laptev Sea), which bear the most complete record of Boreal deposition and biostratigraphy. The new data prove that the Volgian Stage, in its nearly full stratigraphic volume, rather belongs to the Jurassic period.
Peat biostratigraphy and Holocene climate in the northwestern mountain periphery of Lake Baikal
Authors: Bezrukova E.V. , Belov A.V. , Letunova P.P. , Abzaeva A.A. , Kulagina N.V. , Fisher E.E. , Orlova L.A. , Sheifer E.V. , Voronin V.I. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
We report new radiocarbon ages, pollen stratigraphy, and botanical composition of an organic sediment sequence from mountains along the northwestern side of Lake Baikal. The calendar age of the peat is ca. 9.5 kyr BP. The pollen spectra between 9.5 and 8.5 kyr ago show vegetation consisting mostly of open larch and spruce-larch forests with minor birch. The interval from 7.5 to 6.8 kyr BP is marked by broad fir spread confirmed also by the peat botanical composition. The climate inferred for the period of fir dominance combines mild winters, cool summers, thick snow cover, and abundant moisture, apparently due to more intense North Atlantic air transport. Fir percentages decrease dramatically after 6.8 kyr BP, when pines begin to spread in the Baikal watershed. The peat record bears imprint of North Atlantic cooling events identified as intervals of ice-rafted detritus deposition and low surface water temperatures. The new data allow a better insight into the regional climate and landscapes, and the reliable age model provides regional and inter-regional correlations of global change events.
Signature of Cenozoic orogenic movements in combustion metamorphic rocks: mineralogy and geochronology (example of the Salair-Kuznetsk Basin transition)
Authors: Novikov I.S. , Sokol E.V. , Travin A.V. , Novikova S.A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Cenozoic combustion metamorphic (CM) complexes produced by fossil natural coal fires are widespread at range-basin junctions worldwide. Large-scale fires accompany the initial orogenic phases as fresh coal-bearing strata become drawn into the aeration zone as a result of crustal deformation. In combustion metamorphism, the protolith melts to different degrees either into ferrous basic paralava or in glassy clinker. The melt rocks have a phase composition favorable for 40Ar/39Ar dating of ignition coeval with the onset of each episode in Late Cenozoic orogenic events. We suggest an algorithm providing correct 40Ar/39Ar age determination of CM rocks followed by well-grounded geological interpretation and test the new approach on melt rocks from the Kuznetsk Coal Basin.
Paralava samples were dated by 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating and the isotope ratios were corrected for Ca-, Cl-, and K-derived Ar isotopic interferences. The interpretation of age-spectrum results was checked against internal and external criteria. The former were plateau and isochrone ages and the latter included the so-called “couple criterion” and conventional relative ages inferred from geological and stratigraphic evidence. As a result, we distinguished two groups of dates for combustion metamorphic events bracketed between 1.2±0.4 and 0.2±0.3 Ma. The older ages represent rocks in the western edge of the Prokopievsk-Kiselevsk block of the Salair zone and the younger dates correspond to those in its eastern edge. The reported dates record the time when the fault boundaries of the blocks were rejuvenated during recent activity and the block accreted to the Salair orogenic area as a submontane step. The suggested approach to the choice of objects, classification of rocks, and interpretation of 40Ar/39Ar spectra is universal and can be practiced in any area of combustion metamorphism.
When Finding a Mate Feels Urgent
Authors: Sanchez Diana T. , Good Jessica J. , Kwang Tracy , Saltzman Eric 
Published: May 2008

Given the central role of romantic relationships in the lives of men and women and the many benefits of having romantic relationships, some people may derive their self-worth from having a romantic partner (i.e., relationship contingency; Sanchez & Kwang, 2007 ). Moreover, relationship success may be viewed as somehow related to being beautiful and attractive. Under structural equation modeling, results suggested that both men and womens relationship contingency (N = 329) was connected to body shame, mediated by greater urgency about finding mates. In addition, greater body shame was connected to concern over romantic partners physical appearance. The findings are discussed considering contingencies of self-worth, rising appearance concerns for both men and women, and the perceived connection between relationship status and physical attractiveness.
The Transcriptional Repressor ARR1-SRDX Suppresses Pleiotropic Cytokinin Activities in Arabidopsis
Authors: Heyl Alexander , Ramireddy Eswar , Brenner Wolfram G. , Riefler Michael , Allemeersch Joke , Schmülling Thomas 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe signal transduction of the phytohormone cytokinin is mediated by a multistep histidine-to-aspartate phosphorelay system. One component of this system are B-type response regulators, transcription factors mediating at least part of the response to cytokinin. In planta functional analysis of this family is hampered by the high level of functional redundancy of its 11 members. We generated a dominant repressor version of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator ARR1 (ARR1-SRDX) using chimeric repressor silencing technology in order to study the extent of the contribution of B-type response regulators to cytokinin activities. In a protoplast test system, ARR1-SRDX suppressed ARR6:β-glucuronidase reporter gene activation by different B-type ARRs. 35S:ARR1-SRDX transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed phenotypic changes reminiscent of plants with a reduced cytokinin status, such as a strongly reduced leaf size, an enhanced root system, and larger seeds. Several bioassays showed that 35S:ARR1-SRDX plants have an increased resistance toward cytokinin. The rapid induction of a large part of the cytokinin response genes was dampened. The transcript levels of more than 500 genes were more than 2.5-fold reduced in 35S:ARR1-SRDX transgenic seedlings, suggesting a broad function of B-type ARRs. Collectively, the suppression of pleiotropic cytokinin activities by a dominant repressor version of a B-type ARR indicates that this protein family is involved in mediating most, if not all, of the cytokinin activities in Arabidopsis. In addition, a role for B-type ARRs in mediating cross talk with other pathways is supported by the resistance of 35S:ARR1-SRDX seeds to phytochrome B-mediated inhibition of germination by far-red light. This study demonstrates the usefulness of chimeric repressor silencing technology to overcome redundancy in transcription factor families for functional studies.
Dual Fatty Acyl Modification Determines the Localization and Plasma Membrane Targeting of CBL/CIPK Ca2+ Signaling Complexes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Batistič Oliver , Sorek Nadav , Schültke Stefanie , Yalovsky Shaul , Kudla Jörg 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana calcineurin B–like proteins (CBLs) interact specifically with a group of CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). CBL/CIPK complexes phosphorylate target proteins at the plasma membrane. Here, we report that dual lipid modification is required for CBL1 function and for localization of this calcium sensor at the plasma membrane. First, myristoylation targets CBL1 to the endoplasmic reticulum. Second, S-acylation is crucial for endoplasmic reticulum-to-plasma membrane trafficking via a novel cellular targeting pathway that is insensitive to brefeldin A. We found that a 12–amino acid peptide of CBL1 is sufficient to mediate dual lipid modification and to confer plasma membrane targeting. Moreover, the lipid modification status of the calcium sensor moiety determines the cellular localization of preassembled CBL/CIPK complexes. Our findings demonstrate the importance of S-acylation for regulating the spatial accuracy of Ca2+-decoding proteins and suggest a novel mechanism that enables the functional specificity of calcium sensor/kinase complexes.
Dynamics of Arabidopsis Dynamin-Related Protein 1C and a Clathrin Light Chain at the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Konopka Catherine A. , Backues Steven K. , Bednarek Sebastian Y. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Plant morphogenesis depends on polarized exocytic and endocytic membrane trafficking. Members of the Arabidopsis thaliana dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) subfamily are required for polarized cell expansion and cytokinesis. Using a combination of live-cell imaging techniques, we show that a functional DRP1C green fluorescent fusion protein (DRP1C-GFP) was localized at the division plane in dividing cells and to the plasma membrane in expanding interphase cells. In both tip growing root hairs and diffuse-polar expanding epidermal cells, DRP1C-GFP organized into dynamic foci at the cell cortex, which colocalized with a clathrin light chain fluorescent fusion protein (CLC-FFP), suggesting that DRP1C may participate in clathrin-mediated membrane dynamics. DRP1C-GFP and CLC-GFP foci dynamics are dependent on cytoskeleton organization, cytoplasmic streaming, and functional clathrin-mediated endocytic traffic. Our studies provide insight into DRP1 and clathrin dynamics in the plant cell cortex and indicate that the clathrin endocytic machinery in plants has both similarities and striking differences to that in mammalian cells and yeast.
Viewing and reading behaviour in a virtual environment
Authors: Nicholas David , Huntington Paul , Jamali Hamid R. , Rowlands Ian , Dobrowolski Tom , Tenopir Carol 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThis article aims to focus on usage data in respect to full‐text downloads of journal articles, which is considered an important usage (satisfaction) metric by librarians and publishers. The purpose is to evaluate the evidence regarding full‐text viewing by pooling together data on the full‐text viewing of tens of thousands of users studied as part of a number of investigations of e‐journal databases conducted during the Virtual Scholar research programme.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the web logs of a number of electronic journal libraries including OhioLINK and ScienceDirect using Deep Log Analysis, which is a more sophisticated form of transactional log analysis. The frequency, characteristics and diversity of full‐text viewing are examined. The article also features an investigation into the time spent online viewing full‐text articles in order to get a clearer understanding of the significance of full‐text viewing, especially in regard to reading.FindingsThe main findings are that there is a great deal of variety amongst scholars in their full‐text viewing habits and that a large proportion of views are very cursory in nature, although there is survey evidence to suggest that reading goes on offline.Originality/valueThis is the first time that full‐text viewing evidence is studied on such a large scale.