bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected natural and synthetic retinoids impair CCR7- and CXCR4-dependent cell migration in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Villablanca Eduardo J , Zhou Dan , Valentinis Barbara , Negro Aurora , Raccosta Laura , Mauri Laura , Prinetti Alessandro , Sonnino Sandro , Bordignon Claudio , Traversari Catia , Russo Vincenzo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDendritic cell (DC) migration to secondary lymphoid organs is a crucial step to initiate adaptive immune responses. This step requires the expression of a functional CCR7 chemokine receptor on DC undergoing maturation. Here, we show that the natural retinoid 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and the synthetic retinoid fenretinide (4-HPR) specifically inhibit the functional up-regulation of CCR7 on maturing human DCs, without affecting early steps of DC maturation. As a consequence, mature DCs do not migrate in vitro toward the chemokine CCL19. Importantly, 4-HPR and 9cRA by inhibiting the expression of CCR7 on bone marrow-derived murine DCs dampen their in vivo migration to draining lymph nodes. 4-HPR also inhibits the expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR4, therefore, impairing in vitro migration of human DCs to CXCL12 and inhibiting in vivo the CXCR4-dependent migration of the posterior lateral line primordium (PLLp) in zebrafish embryos. Taken together, these data highlight a novel function of retinoids and suggest the possibility of using retinoids to treat inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.
Immune-mediated dormancy: an equilibrium with cancer
Authors: Teng Michele W L , Swann Jeremy B , Koebel Catherine M , Schreiber Robert D , Smyth Mark J 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis brief review discusses the role of the immune system in tumor development, covering a history of cancer immunity and a summary of the concept of cancer immunoediting, including its three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. The latter half of this review then focuses specifically on the equilibrium phase, making note of previous work, suggesting that immunity might maintain cancer in a dormant state, and concluding with a description of a tractable mouse model unequivocally demonstrating that immunity can indeed hold preformed cancer in check. These findings form a framework for future studies aimed at validating immune-mediated cancer dormancy in humans with the hopes of devising new, immunotherapeutic strategies to treat established cancer.
Endothelins modulate inflammatory reaction in zymosan-induced arthritis: participation of LTB4, TNF-α, and CXCL-1
Authors: Conte Fernando de Paiva , Barja-Fidalgo Christina , Verri Waldiceu A , Cunha Fernando Queiroz , Rae Giles A , Penido Carmen , Henriques Maria das Graças M O 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEndothelins (ETs) are involved in inflammatory events, including pain, fever, edema, and cell migration. ET-1 levels are increased in plasma and synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but the evidence that ETs participate in RA physiopathology is limited. The present study investigated the involvement of ETs in neutrophil accumulation and edema formation in the murine model of zymosan-induced arthritis. Intra-articular (i.a.) administration of selective ETA or ETB receptor antagonists (BQ-123 and BQ-788, respectively; 15 pmol/cavity) prior to i.a. zymosan injection (500 μg/cavity) markedly reduced knee-joint edema formation and neutrophil influx to the synovial cavity 6 h and 24 h after stimulation. Histological analysis showed that ETA or ETB receptor blockade suppressed zymosan-induced neutrophil accumulation in articular tissue at 6 h. Likewise, dual blockade of ETA/ETB with bosentan (10 mg/kg, i.v.) also reduced edema formation and neutrophil counts 6 h after zymosan stimulation. Pretreatment with BQ-123 or BQ-788 (i.a.; 15 pmol/cavity) also decreased zymosan-induced TNF-α production within 6 h, keratinocyte-derived chemokine/CXCL1 production within 24 h, and leukotriene B4 at both time-points. Consistent with the demonstration that ET receptor antagonists inhibit zymosan-induced inflammation, i.a. injection of ET-1 (1–30 pmol/cavity) or sarafotoxin S6c (0.1–30 pmol/cavity) also triggered edema formation and neutrophil accumulation within 6 h. Moreover, knee-joint synovial tissue expressed ETA and ETB receptors. These findings suggest that endogenous ETs contribute to knee-joint inflammation, acting through ETA and ETB receptors and modulating edema formation, neutrophil recruitment, and production of inflammatory mediators.
Out-patient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder:
Cost-effectiveness of schema-focused therapy v.
transference-focused psychotherapy
Authors: van Asselt Antoinette D. I. , Dirksen Carmen D. , Arntz Arnoud , Giesen-Bloo Josephine H. , van Dyck Richard , Spinhoven Philip , van Tilburg Willem , Kreimers Ismay P. , Nadort Marjon , Severens Johan L. 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundSchema-focused therapy (SFT) and transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP)
for borderline personality disorder were recently compared in a
randomised multicentre trial.AimsTo assess the societal cost-effectiveness of SFT v. TFP in treating
borderline personality disorder.MethodCosts were assessed by interview. Health-related quality of life was
measured using EQ-5D. Outcomes were costs per recovered patient (recovery
assessed with the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index) and
costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).ResultsMean 4-year bootstrapped costs were $37826 for SFT and $46 795 for TFP
(95% uncertainty interval for difference −21 775 to 3546); QALYs were
2.15 for SFT and 2.27 for TFP (95% UI −0.51 to 0.28). The percentages of
patients who recovered were 52% and 29% respectively. The SFT
intervention was less costly and more effective than TFP (dominant), for
recovery; it saved $90457 for one QALY loss.ConclusionsDespite the initial slight disadvantage in QALYs, there is a high
probability that compared with TFP, SFT is a cost-effective treatment for
borderline personality disorder.
First- v. second-generation antipsychotics and
risk for diabetes in schizophrenia: Systematic review and
meta-analysis
Authors: Smith M. , Hopkins D. , Peveler R. C. , Holt R. I. G. , Woodward M. , Ismail K. 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundThe increased prevalence of diabetes in schizophrenia is partly
attributed to antipsychotic treatment, in particular second-generation
antipsychotics, but the evidence has not been systematically
reviewed.AimsSystematic review and meta-analysis comparing diabetes risk for different
antipsychotics in people with schizophrenia.MethodWe searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical
Abstracts, CINAHL and Web of Knowledge until September 2006. Studies were
eligible for inclusion if the design was cross-sectional, case-control,
cohort or a controlled trial in individuals with schizophrenia or related
psychotic disorders, where second-generation antipsychotics (defined as
clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine) were compared with
first-generation antipsychotics and diabetes was an outcome. Data were
pooled using random effects inverse variance weighted meta-analysis.ResultsOf the studies that met the inclusion criteria (n=14), 11 had sufficient
data to include in the meta-analysis. Four of these were retrospective
cohort studies. The relative risk of diabetes in patients with
schizophrenia prescribed one of the second-generation v.
first-generation antipsychotics was 1.32 (95% CI 1.15-1.51). There were
insufficient data to include aripiprazole, ziprasidone and amisulpride in
this analysis.ConclusionsThere is tentative evidence that the second-generation antipsychotics
included in this study are associated with a small increased risk for
diabetes compared with firstgeneration antipsychotics in people with
schizophrenia. Methodological limitations were found in most studies,
leading to heterogeneity and difficulty interpreting data. Regardless of
type of antipsychotic, screening for diabetes in all people with
schizophrenia should be routine.
Changes in male suicides in Scottish prisons: 10-year study
Authors: Bird Sheila M. 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundIn 1999 I estimated the expected number of UK prison suicides, taking into account that opioid users' deaths from suicide were 10 times the number expected for their age and gender. Changes have since taken place in Scottish prisons.AimsTo estimate the expected number of male suicides in Scottish prisons in 1994–2003, having taken age and opioid dependency into account; and to consider the extremes of prisoner age.MethodThe effective number that prisons safeguard in terms of suicide risk was approximated as 10 times the number of opioid-dependent inmates plus other inmates. By applying age-appropriate suicide rates for Scottish males to these effective numbers, expectations for male suicides in Scottish prisons were calculated.ResultsIn 1994-98, there were at least 57 male suicides, significantly exceeding the age- and opioid-adjusted expectation of 41. In 1999–2003, the 51 male suicides in prison were consistent with expectation (upper 95% limit: at least 54). During the decade 1994–2003, observed and expected suicides were mismatched at both extremes of age: 40 males aged 15-24 years died by suicidev.24 expected, and 13 males aged 45+ v. 2 expected. Against 4.5 prison suicides expected for males aged 15-24 years during a 2-year period, actual suicides were 3 in 2002 + 2003 and 4 in 2004 + 2005.ConclusionsScotland has redressed an excess of male suicides, especially by its youngest prisoners.
Emotional memory in bipolar disorder
Authors: Kauer-Sant'Anna Marcia , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Tramontina Juliana , Weyne Fernanda , Cereser Keila Maria , Gazalle Fernando Kratz , Andreazza Ana Cristina , Santin Aida , Quevedo Joao , Izquierdo Ivan , Kapczinski Flavio 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundCognitive impairment has been well documented in bipolar disorder.
However, specific aspects of cognition such as emotional memory have not
been examined.AimsTo investigate episodic emotional memory in bipolar disorder, as
indicated by performance on an amygdala-related cognitive task.MethodTwenty euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and 20 matched controls
were recruited. Participants were shown a slide show of an emotionally
neutral story, or a closely matched emotionally arousing story. One week
later, participants were assessed on a memory-recall test.ResultsIn contrast with the pattern observed in controls, patients with bipolar
disorder had no enhancement of memory for the emotional content of the
story (F=14.7, d.f.=1.36, P < 0.001). The subjective perception of the
emotional impact of the emotional condition was significantly different
from that of the neutral condition in controls but not in people with
bipolar disorder.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the physiological pattern of enhanced memory
retrieval for emotionally bound information is blunted in bipolar
disorder.
Hippocampal volume and 2-year outcome in
depression
Authors: Kronmüller Klaus-Thomas , Pantel Johannes , Köhler Sebastian , Victor Daniela , Giesel Frederik , Magnotta Vincent A. , Mundt Christoph , Essig Marco , Schröder Johannes 
Published: May 2008

SummaryAlthough the hippocampus has been found to be smaller in people with
depression, the clinical relevance of this is unclear. We investigated
hippocampal volume (using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging) and
2-year outcome in 57 patients with major depression. The left and right
hippocampal volumes of patients with a depression relapse were significantly
smaller than those of healthy controls. Our results support the hypothesis
that the hippocampus is crucial in the outcome of depression.
Morphology of the corpus callosum at different stages of
schizophrenia: Cross-sectional study in first-episode and chronic
illness
Authors: Walterfang Mark , Wood Amanda G. , Reutens David C. , Wood Stephen J. , Chen Jian , Velakoulis Dennis , McGorry Patrick D. , Pantelis Christos 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundThe shape of the corpus callosum may differ in schizophrenia, although no
study has compared first-episode with established illness.AimsTo investigate the size and shape of the corpus callosum in a large
sample of people with first-episode and established schizophrenia.MethodCallosal size and shape were determined using highresolution magnetic
resonance imaging on 76 patients with first-episode
schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, 86 patients with established
schizophrenia and 55 healthy participants.ResultsThere were no significant differences in total area across groups.
Reductions in callosal width were seen in the region of the anterior genu
in first-episode disorder (P<0.005). Similar reductions were seen in
the chronic schizophrenia group in the anterior genu, but also in the
posterior genu and isthmus (P = 0.0005).ConclusionsReductions in anterior callosal regions connecting frontal cortex are
present at the onset of schizophrenia, and in established illness are
accompanied by changes in other regions of the callosum connecting
cingulate, temporal and parietal cortices.
Influence of 5-HT2Creceptor and leptin gene polymorphisms, smoking and drug treatment on metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Yevtushenko Olga O. , Cooper Stephen J. , O'Neill Ryan , Doherty Jennifer K. , Woodside Jayne V. , Reynolds Gavin P. 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundObesity and metabolic syndrome are significant problems for patients taking antipsychotic drugs. Evidence is emerging of genetic risk factors.AimsTo investigate the influence of two candidate genes, smoking and drug treatment on obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia.MethodPatients (n=134) were assessed for measures of obesity, other factors contributing to metabolic syndrome, and two genetic polymorphisms (5-HT2Creceptor −759C/T and leptin −2548A/G).ResultsNeither genotype nor smoking was significantly associated with measures of obesity. However, both leptin genotype and smoking were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Significant interaction occurred between the genetic polymorphisms for effects on obesity, whereby a genotype combination increased risk. Drug treatment showed significant effects on measures of obesity and triglyceride concentrations; risperidone was associated with lower values than olanzapine or clozapine.ConclusionsThe findings suggest interacting genetic risk factors and smoking influence development of metabolic syndrome in patients on antipsychotic drugs.
High-dose and combination antipsychotic prescribing in acute adult wards in the UK: The challenges posed by p.r.n. prescribing
Authors: Paton Carol , Barnes Thomas R. E. , Cavanagh Mary-Rose , Taylor David , Lelliott Paul 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundClinical guidelines recommend the routine use of a single antipsychotic drug in a standard dose, but prescriptions for high-dose and combined antipsychotics are common in clinical practice.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of a quality improvement programme in reducing the prevalence of high-dose and combined antipsychotic prescribing in acute adult in-patient wards in the UK.MethodBaseline audit was followed by feedback of benchmarked data and delivery of a range of bespoke change interventions, and then by a further audit 1 year later.ResultsThirty-two services participated, submitting data for 3942 patients at baseline and 3271 patients at the 1-year audit. There was little change in the prevalence of high-dose (baseline 36%; re-audit 34%) or combined antipsychotic prescribing (baseline 43%; re-audit 39%). As required (‘p.r.n.’) prescriptions were the principal cause of both high-dose and combined antipsychotic prescribing on both occasions.ConclusionsThe quality improvement programme did not have a demonstrable impact on prescribing practice in the majority of services. Future efforts to align practice with clinical guidelines need to specifically target the culture and practice of p.r.n. prescribing.
Hospital care and repetition following self-harm: Multicentre
comparison of self-poisoning and self-injury
Authors: Lilley Rachael , Owens David , Horrocks Judith , House Allan , Noble Rachael , Bergen Helen , Hawton Keith , Casey Deborah , Simkin Sue , Murphy Elizabeth , Cooper Jayne , Kapur Navneet 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundQuantitative research about self-harm largely deals with self-poisoning,
despite the high incidence of self-injury.AimsWe compared patterns of hospital care and repetition associated with
self-poisoning and self-injury.MethodDemographic and clinical data were collected in a multicentre,
prospective cohort study, involving 10 498 consecutive episodes of
self-harm at six English teaching hospitals.ResultsCompared with those who self-poisoned, people who cut themselves were
more likely to have self-harmed previously and to have received support
from mental health services, but they were far less likely to be admitted
to the general hospital or receive a psychosocial assessment. Although
only 17% of people repeated self-harm during the 18 months of study,
survival analysis that takes account of all episodes revealed a
repetition rate of 33% in the year following an episode: 47% after
episodes of self-cutting and 31% after self-poisoning (P<0.001). Of
those who repeated, a third switched method of self-harm.ConclusionsHospital services offer less to people who have cut themselves, although
they are far more likely to repeat, than to those who have self-poisoned.
Attendance at hospital should result in psychosocial assessment of needs
regardless of method of self-harm.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy and family intervention for
relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis: Randomised controlled
trial
Authors: Garety Philippa A. , Fowler David G. , Freeman Daniel , Bebbington Paul , Dunn Graham , Kuipers Elizabeth 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundFamily intervention reduces relapse rates in psychosis.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) improves positive symptoms but
effects on relapse rates are not established.AimsTo test the effectiveness of CBT and family intervention in reducing
relapse, and in improving symptoms and functioning in patients who had
recently relapsed with non-affective psychosis.MethodA multicentre randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN83557988) with two
pathways: those without carers were allocated to treatment as usual or
CBT plus treatment as usual, those with carers to treatment as usual, CBT
plus treatment as usual or family intervention plus treatment as usual.
The CBT and family intervention were focused on relapse prevention for 20
sessions over 9 months.ResultsA total of 301 patients and 83 carers participated. Primary outcome data
were available on 96% of the total sample. The CBT and family
intervention had no effects on rates of remission and relapse or on days
in hospital at 12 or 24 months. For secondary outcomes, CBT showed a
beneficial effect on depression at 24 months and there were no effects
for family intervention. In people with carers, CBT significantly
improved delusional distress and social functioning. Therapy did not
change key psychological processes.ConclusionsGeneric CBT for psychosis is not indicated for routine relapse prevention
in people recovering from a recent relapse of psychosis and should
currently be reserved for those with distressing medication-unresponsive
positive symptoms. Any CBT targeted at this acute population requires
development. The lack of effect of family intervention on relapse may be
attributable to the low overall relapse rate in those with carers.
Gender differences in the association of mixed anxiety and
depression with suicide
Authors: Bjerkeset Ottar , Romundstad Pål , Gunnell David 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThe incidence of depression is higher in women than men but the reverse
pattern is seen with suicide. In a cohort of 50 692 Norwegians we found that
suicide risk associated with comorbid anxiety and depression was two-fold
higher in men (OR=7.4, 95% CI 3.1-17.5) than women (OR=2.9, 95% CI
0.8-10.6), although statistical evidence for a difference was weak (P=0.4).
If real, these gender differences could reflect either a more severe symptom
profile in men with self-reported anxiety and depression, perhaps because of
gender differences with regard to the stigma associated with mental illness,
or gender differences in the way men respond to mental illness (e.g.
self-medication/help-seeking).
Association of cannabis use with prodromal symptoms of psychosis
in adolescence
Authors: Miettunen Jouko , Törmänen Sari , Murray Graham K. , Jones Peter B. , Mäki Pirjo , Ebeling Hanna , Moilanen Irma , Taanila Anja , Heinimaa Markus , Joukamaa Matti , Veijola Juha 
Published: May 2008

SummaryRecent interest has focused on the association between cannabis use and risk
of psychosis. In the largest unselected population-based study on this topic
to date, we examined cannabis use and prodromal symptoms of psychosis at age
15-16 years among 6330 adolescents. Those who had tried cannabis (n=352;
5.6% of the total sample) were more likely to present three or more
prodromal symptoms even after controlling for confounders including previous
behavioural symptoms (OR=2.23; 95% CI 1.70-2.94). A dose-response effect was
seen. We conclude that cannabis use is associated with prodromal symptoms of
psychosis in adolescence.
Neuropsychiatric morbidity in focal epilepsy
Authors: Adams Sophia J. , O'Brien Terence J. , Lloyd John , Kilpatrick Christine J. , Salzberg Michael R. , Velakoulis Dennis 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundPrevious work has identified elevated prevalence rates for psychiatric
disorders in individuals with medically refractory focal epilepsy,
particularly temporal lobe epilepsy. Many studies were undertaken before
the advent of video electroencephalogram monitoring (VEM) and magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI).AimsTo investigate which characteristics of the focal epilepsy syndromes are
associated with the presence of depression or psychosis.MethodThree hundred and nineteen individuals with focal epilepsy admitted for
VEM were seen over an 11-year period. The lifetime history of depression
and psychosis, epileptic site, laterality and type of lesion were
determined by clinical assessment, VEM and MRI scan.ResultsThere was a significant association between the prevalence of depressive
symptoms and non-lesional focal epilepsy. There were no significant
differences in prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders between the
groups with temporal lobe epilepsy and those with extratemporal lobe
epilepsy.ConclusionsThese findings contrast with previous findings in smaller cohorts. The
association between non-lesional focal epilepsy and depression may be due
to the effects of a more diffuse epileptogenic area.
Communication and psychosis: It's good to talk, but how?
Authors: McCabe Rose , Priebe Stefan 
Published: May 2008

SummaryCommunication between clinicians and patients is at the heart of psychiatric practice and particularly challenging with psychotic patients. It may influence patient outcome indirectly or be therapeutic in its own right. Appropriate conceptual models, evidence on effective interventions and specific training are required to optimise communication in everyday routine practice.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy for severe mental disorders: Back
to the future?
Authors: Scott Jan 
Published: May 2008

SummaryLike recent medication studies, it appears that when cognitive-behavioural
therapy is tested in pragmatic effectiveness trials involving routine
clinical populations it does not fare as well as in efficacy trials. Given
the multitude of factors that can ‘muddy the waters’ in clinical trials, how
do we best make sense of the findings?
Alternative Route to Metal Halide Free Ionic Liquids
Authors: Takao Koichiro , Ikeda Yasuhisa 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
An alternative synthetic route to metal halide free ionic liquids using trialkyloxonium salt is proposed. Utility of this synthetic route has been demonstrated by preparing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid through the reaction between 1-methylimidazole and triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in anhydrous ether.