bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundance and Photosynthetic Characteristics ofTrichodesmiumspp. Along the Atlantic Barrier Reef at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize
Authors: Villareal T. A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract.Trichodesmiumabundance and photosynthetic rates were determined across a transect of the Atlantic Barrier Reef at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize in May 1993 and May‐June 1994. A fore reef station receiving oceanic water had aTrichodesmiumabundance characteristic of the open Caribbean Sea (≤ 102colonies m‐3and 104‐‐105trichomes m‐3). Several species were present; however, in all cases a sharp decrease in abundance occurred across the reef to the coastal lagoon. At this latter site, virtually noTrichodesmiumwas present, although a substantial bloom of the diatomProboscia alataoccurred in 1994.Maximum photosynthetic rates and the initial light‐limited slopeawere significantly lower in offshore stations than in reef top populations. The increased photosynthetic rates and light‐harvesting ability in reef‐top populations, as well as the lack of significant photoinhibition, indicated that theTrichodesmiumabundance decrease was probably not due to a decline in photosynthetic capacity. Grazing and physical removal rather than a physiological decline were likely mechanisms operating to reduceTrichodesmiumabundance in these regions. These data suggest that the Belizean barrier reef is a sink forTrichodesmiumtransported in from offshore regions.
Development of Small Mytllus Beds and its Effects on Resident Intertidal Macro fauna
Authors: Günther Carmen‐Pia 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. The development of temporary Mytilus edulis beds and their associated macro fauna was studied on an intertidal sand flat in the German Wadden sea during 1986 by comparing mussel beds with bare sandy areas of the same tidal elevation. Macro fauna samples We taken with a 100 cm2 corer (penetration depth 27 cm, mesh size 0.5 mm, 5 parallel samples).Numbers of taxa and diversity were higher in the mussel beds compared to the sandy areas. The abundance of macro fauna organisms decreased with the age of the mussel bed, whereas the relative abundance of species was not strongly affected. Hydrobia ulvae, oligochaetes, and Heteromastus filiformis dominated the macro fauna inside as well as outside the mussel beds. Among the lower ranks of dominance changes in species composition were observed due to increasing densities of opportunistic polychaetes.About six weeks after the establishment of the mussel beds a higher abundance of Capitella spp., Polydora ligni, Tharyx marioni, and nemerteans occurred within the mussel beds while other species such as Hydrobia ulvae and Pygospio elegans showed a significantly lower abundance compared to the adjacent flat. Macoma balthica as well as Mya arenaria were not affected by the alteration of a bare sand flat to a mussel bed. O‐group Carcinus maenas reached their highest abundance in the mussel beds (over 1000 indiv. m‐2). In contrast juvenile Crangon crangon preferred the bare sand flat. After destruction of the mussel beds by an early autumn storm, species abundance and composition was similar to the situation before the mussel beds had become established.
Impact of Biodeposition on Macrofaunal Communities in Intertidal Sandflats
Authors: Kröncke Ingrid 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. This investigation deals with the changes in macrofaunal communities in intertidal sandflats caused by the input of organic material via biodeposition produced by mussel beds. The area of investigation was the back barrier tidal flat system behind the East Frisian Island of Spiekeroog. Due to erosion by the ebb current a plume of biodeposits extended from an area of mussel beds (Mytilus edulis) towards the adjacent sandy sediments. This plume represented a gradient of decreasing contents of organic material. Five stations were installed along this gradient to analyse the effects of this organic input on the macrofaunal communities; a control station was placed on sandy sediments.The macrofaunal communities differed along the transect. In the mussel patches oligochaetes dominated, whereas deposit‐feeding polychaetes increased along the transect. These polychaetes were different from the communities of the sand flats. The changes in the macrofaunal communities discussed in the framework of the organic carbon contents of sediments and interspecific relationships.After a cover of green algae during summer and after a cold winter, the mussels were almost completely eliminated from the area of investigation and reaggregated in another area of the flat. The layer of biodeposits eroded as well. After the decrease in contents of organic matter, the macrofaunal communities no longer followed the transitional distribution but showed a diffuse and seasonally influenced distribution.The results indicate that biodeposits changed the quality of the sediment structure of the sand flats and that the amount of organic matter (TOC) is a main structuring factor for the macrofaunal communities.
The Boreholes of the Sea Urchin Genus Echinometra (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Echinometridae) as a Microhabitat in Tropical South America*
Authors: Schoppe Sabine , Werding Bernd 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. Members of the genus Echinometru (Echinoideu: Echinometridue) inhabit hard substrata in shallow waters where they live in self‐excavated dwellings. Boring by Echinometru spp. causes a secondary structure of the surface, thus forming additional microhabitats.In this study the effects of boring activities of Echinometru lucunter (L.) along the Caribbean coast of Colombia and of Echinometra vunbrunri A. Agassu in the Colombian Pacific is examined. Several species inhabit the boreholes occupied by these urchins. The associates live underneath the echinoid on the bottom of the borehole, where they find shelter from exposure and predators. The co‐inhabitants of E. lucunter include the porcellanid Clusroroechus vunderhorsri (Schmitt), the recently described brit‐tlestar Ophiorhrix synoecim (Schoppe), and the clingfish Acyrrus rubiginosus (Poey). The species co‐occumng with E. vunbrunti include the porcellanid crab Clusroroechus gorgonensis Werdingamp; Haig and the clingfish Arcos decoris Briggs. With the exception of A. decoris, all of these species are obligatorily associated with the Echinomerra host.
Effects of Dredging Activities on Growth of Laminaria saccharina
Authors: Lyngby Jens Erik , Mortensen Sverre Mohr 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. The possible effects of fine‐grained deposits on the photosynthesis, growth, and nutrient uptake of Laminaria have been studied in field and laboratory experiments. Some of the plants were treated with fine‐grained material for two hours and then transplanted in rows together with untreated plants. At two‐week intervals the treatment was repeated and samples collected. The macroalgae were analyzed for growth as well as chlorophyll a, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. In the laboratory experiments, plants of a uniform size were incubated in Plexiglas containers after leaf‐marking and treatment in a sediment suspension. At weekly intervals, photosynthesis, growth, chlorophyll a, and nutrients were analyzed.The field study showed that Laminaria growth was significantly affected by the fine‐grained material. The growth in the control experiment was 20% higher than in the treated plants. The chlorophyll a concentrations in the treated plants were significantly lower than in the control experiment, and the results indicated a reduced nutrient uptake in the treated plants. In the laboratory experiments the growth of the treated plants was only 30% of the controls, but no differences in photosynthetic capacities were detected. Nitrogen uptake was reduced in the treated plants, but no effects were observed on phosphorus uptake. Thick layers of fine‐grained material caused direct harmful effects and rotting.The results are discussed in relation to dredging activities; it is concluded that in heavy sedimentation areas, Laminaria growth may be significantly reduced beyond the indirect effect of shading from suspended material in the water.
Impact of Two “El Niño” Events of Different Intensity on the Hypoxic Soft Bottom Macrobenthos off the Central Peruvian wast
Authors: Tarazona Juan , Arntz Wolf E. , Canahuire Elba 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. Monthly changes in the community structure of hypoxic soft‐bottom macrobenthos have been studied at a station at 34 m depth in Ancón Bay (Peru) before and during two El Niño (EN) events. Of these events, 1982‐83 is considered the strongest, and 1991–93 one of the most prolonged in the 20th century. On the oceanographic scale, EN 1982–83 ranges as “very strong”, whereas EN 1991–93 ranges as “moderate”.The thermal anomalies at the station during EN 1982–83 (+ 7.8 °C) were almost twice those of EN 1991–93 (+ 4.1 °C). However, the community changes were not in all cases proportional to the extent of warming. Species numbers increased in a similar way (up to 24 species from near zero in each of the two events), but maximum faunal density was five times higher, and mean biomass was twice as high in 1982–83 compared with the event a decade later. Species diversity was slightly higher during EN 1982–83, whereas successional and trophic changes occurred on a broader scale during EN 1991–93. On the whole, the impact of the long‐lasting event on the small soft‐bottom macrofauna was not much weaker than that of the exceptionally strong event.The authors discuss the mechanisms which may be responsible for the differences and similarities encountered in the benthic community dynamics during these two events. Both in the unusually strong and the unusually long EN, the community revealed a pattern of early biological response several months ahead of the onset of local warming which marks the official begin of EN. The question is addressed to what extent the increase of certain parameters in the benthic community could be used for predictive purposes.
The Influence of Mucous Aggregates on the Microphytobenthic Community in the Northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Welker Chiara , Nichetto Paola 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. An extended reappearance of mumus aggregates in the Northern Adriatic Sea in 1991 gave rise to the hypothesis of a possible influence of the mucus, settled on the bottom, on benthic flora and fauna.This work investigates the variations in the microphytobenthic community in three stations of the Gulf of Trieste (AA1, AA2, AA3) during 1991, when mucous aggregates were present, and during the two following years, when no such aggregates were observed.Water samples were collected by Niskin bottle in the bottom layer for nutrient analysis, and sediment samples were collected by divers. The diatom species and cell densities were determined under an inverted microscope. All the data were processed with the aim to evaluate community composition and possible relations with the presence of mucous aggregates in 1991.The results showed a general decrease of benthic diatoms from 1991 to 1993, both in quality and quantity, for all the investigated sites. Statistical analyses on microphytobenthos, hydrological parameters, and nutrient concentrations indicated differences among the considered years. The microphytobenthic community in summer 1991 appeared to be quite different from those of the other years. The density of benthic diatoms was apparently not correlated with nutrient availability in the bottom layer, but was rather influenced by changes in temperature.The presence of a dense microphytobenthic community in 1991 might be explained by a combination of adequate conditions related to the presence of mucous aggregates, including a more undisturbed substratum caused by the interruption of dredging, decreased grazing pressure due to a declined filtering capacity of epifauna, and nutrient‐rich sediment for extra nutrient disposal remineralized at the mucus‐sediment interface. The mucilage aggregates therefore apparently stimulated the microphytobenthic community, in contrast to the effects on the benthic macrofauna, which were perturbed by the mucus.
The Amphipod Community as a Bioindicator in Algeciras Bay (Southern Iberian Peninsula) Based on a Spatio‐Temporal Distribution
Authors: Conradi M. , López‐González P. J. , García‐Gómez C. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. The amphipod population associated with Bugula neritina (L.), a verycommon bryozoan species in Algeciras Bay (Strait of Gibraltar), was studied on a spatio‐temporal scale, in order to define its role as a bioindicator. Samples were collected in December, March, June and September along a transect running from the external to the internal sampling stations.Fifty‐three species belonging to 22 families were identified; the most abundant species were Jassa marmorata Holmes, Ischyrocerus inexpectatus (Ruffo) and Phtisica marina Slabber.The spatial evolution of the amphipod community reflected the physico‐chemical conditions of Algeciras Bay, yielding a clear gradient from the outer to the inner stations. The stations located at the mouth of the bay, characterised by high hydrodynamism and low sedimentation, had a higher diversity and species richness than the inner stations with low water movement and higher sedimentation. Eight species preferred for the outer stations, while another nine species were typical of the inner harbours.The most notable aspect of the seasonal evolution was the increased dominance of the tube‐builder and deposit‐suspension feeder Jassa marmorota.Structural and ordination analyses corroborate the outer‐inner gradient in the bay and illustrate the importance of hydrodynamic forces and sedimentation in the amphipod community.
The Dynamics of an Introduced: Balanus glandula Population in the Southwestern Atlantic Rocky Shores. The Consequences on the Intertidal Community*
Authors: Vallarino E. A. , Elias R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. This paper deals with the population dynamics of the introduced barnacle Balanus glandula in a port shelter and a rocky shore exposed of a southwestern Atlantic area. Replicated areas in both zones were denuded monthly and censused in both the high intertidal and the upper mid intertidal zone. The settlement pattern. recruitment, mortality and growth of B. glandula and a comparative successional pattern in both areas were recorded.Recruitment began in winter, i.e., July in the port and August in the rocky shore. In the port, green algae dominate up to a final community of Balanus glandula all along the intertidal, while in rocky shores the red encrusting alga Hildenbrandia lecanellieri establishes a cover that is replaced by the mytilid Brachidontes rodriguezi in the mid intertidal and by B. glandula in the high intertidal and upper mid intertidal. B. glandula densities were greater in the upper mid intertidal 19 600 and 5050 indiv. · m‐2 in the port and rocky shore, respectively than in the high intertidal 13600 and 1100 indiv.· m‐2, respectively. Mortality was greater in the port up to 62%, but heavy settlement allows a final density 4 times greater than in eulittoral rocky shores and 10 times greater than in the high intertidal.The winter reproduction of Balanus glandula, the absence of predators, the neutral or beneficial effect of algae. with spatial and temporal partitioning of substrate allows it to successfully outcompete mussels and other barnacle species from the intertidal community of both sheltered and exposed areas.
Group decisions in oncology: Doctors’ perceptions of the legal responsibilities arising from multidisciplinary meetings
Authors: Sidhom MA , Poulsen MG 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThere is growing consensus that multidisciplinary meetings (MDMs) are the optimal means of arriving at a comprehensive treatment plan for cancer patients. However, if a patient was grieved by a decision made by an MDM and wished to recover damages, the courts would find all involved consultants responsible for decisions related to their area of expertise. The aim of this study was to assess (i) whether doctors participating in oncology MDMs are aware that they are individually accountable for the MDM decisions and (ii) whether MDMs are conducted in a way that reflects this individual responsibility. A 35‐question survey was developed and peer reviewed. Doctors attending MDMs in four Australian tertiary‐care hospitals were invited to respond. One hundred and thirty‐six responses (91% response rate) were received from 18 MDMs across 4 hospitals. Only 48% of doctors believe they are individually liable for decisions made by the MDM. This awareness was greater for an MDM where the patient attends, than in those that were ‘discussion only’ (58 vs 37%; P = 0.036). Seventy‐three per cent stated they would like further education about their legal responsibilities in MDMs. Thirty‐three per cent of doctors feel that the MDM discussion environment is suboptimal and radiation oncologists are significantly more likely to hold this view. Even though 85% of doctors have disagreed with the final MDM decision in an important way at some time, 71% did not formally dissent on those occasions. Doctors should be made aware of the legal implications of their participation in MDMs. A greater awareness of these responsibilities and improved team dynamics should optimize patient outcomes while limiting exposure of participants to legal liability.
Use of ‘sham’ radiotherapy in randomized clinical trials
Authors: Schwarz F , Christie D 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThe objective of this systematic review was to identify quality trials that use sham radiotherapy in their design and review them to determine its potential value. The Cochrane Library, Pubmed and a Reference Search served as data sources. Trials were included if they met a minimum quality score of 3 on a validated assessment instrument (which assesses randomization, control and blinding) and if they compared sham radiotherapy to active treatment. External beam therapy and brachytherapy trials were considered. Twenty‐six trials were identified, collectively including 2663 participants in the period of 1970–2004. All the trials studied the value of radiotherapy for treatment or prevention of benign diseases, including multiple sclerosis, coronary artery restenosis, age‐related macular degeneration and Graves’ ophthalmopathy. There were no trials relating to the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignancy. This review showed that it is possible to carry out sham radiotherapy with due regard for ethical concerns, with effective blinding and high levels of patient acceptance. Large sample sizes with multicentre trial designs were achievable. Although the statistical philosophy for using sham radiotherapy in trials is legitimate, it is no longer routinely used.
Radiological management of patients with urinary obstruction following urinary diversion procedures: Technical factors, complications, long‐term management and outcome. Experience with 378 procedures
Authors: Maher MM , Rizzo S , Kalra M , Mc Sweeney SE , Arellano R , Hahn P , Gervais D , Mueller P 
Published: May 2008

SummaryWe aimed to assess management by interventional radiology techniques of patients with urinary diversion procedures (UD) complicated by urinary obstruction (UO). A 12‐year electronic database of interventional cases was searched for urinary access in patients with UD. Patients’ records were assessed for aetiology of obstruction, indication for procedure, types of interventional radiology, complications and outcome. Management issues included frequency of visits for catheter care, type of catheter placement and technical problems associated with catheter maintenance. Three hundred and seventy eight procedures were carried out in 25 patients (mean age 70 years; Male : Female ratio 13:12). Indications for UD were malignancy (n = 22) and neuropathic bladder (n = 3). UD included ileal conduits (n = 17), cutaneous ureterostomy (n = 3 (2 patients)) and sigmoid colon urinary conduit (n = 6). In most patients, catheters were placed antegradely through nephrostomy tract, but subsequent access was through the UD. Twenty of 25 patients had unilateral stents where as 5 had bilateral stents (8‐10‐ Fr pigtail catheters (20‐45 cm in length)). The mean number of procedures including catheter changes was 15 ± 4 per patient and 331 of 378 procedures (87 %) were carried out as outpatients. Since catheter placement, 11 patients required hospital admission on 22 occasions for catheter‐related complications. Ureteric strictures in patients with UD can be successfully managed by interventional radiology.
Interplanner variability in carrying out three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy for non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Everitt S , Kron T , Fimmell N , Reynolds J , Laferlita C , Ball D , Schneider‐Kolsky M , Budd R , Mac Manus M 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThis study evaluated the variability among six radiation therapy planners in planning radiation treatment for four patients with lung cancer using two treatment protocols. The interplanner variability for target conformity and homogeneity was smaller than the variability among the patients and planning approaches. The same was found for the dose volume indices achieved for most critical structures, indicating that interplanner variability is not likely to be an important source of variation in radiotherapy studies if concise treatment protocols are followed.
Effects of Cholerella sp. microalgae extract on colonic anastomosis in rats with protein–energy malnutrition
Authors: Salman B. , Kerem M. , Bedirli A. , Katircioglu H. , Ofluoglu E. , Akin O. , Onbasilar I. , Ozsoy S. , Haziroglu R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective Algae, which are used as supplementary nutrients in various countries, are products rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of algae extracts on the healing of colonic anastomosis in malnourished rats.Method Seventy‐two rats were randomized to three groups. Group 1 was fed with standard diet for 15 days, before and after the colonic anastomosis. Groups 2 and 3 were fed with a malnutrition diet for 15 days prior to colonic anastomosis and then with the basic diet for 15 days there after. Group 3 also received an extract of algae derived from Cholerella sp. via oral gavage postoperatively, in addition to the basic diet. Rats were killed on the 3rd, 7th and 15th postoperative day. Blood samples were collected to evaluate prealbumin, transferring and albumin levels. Anastomotic bursting pressures (BPs), histopathology and tissue hydroxyproline levels were evaluated after killing.Results In group 3, the prealbumin level on the 3rd postoperative day and transferrin and albumin levels on the 7th and 15th postoperative days were significantly increased compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Tissue hydroxyproline levels and anastomotic BPs of group 3 were significantly higher than in group 2 on the 3rd, 7th and 15th postoperative days (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination of the anastomosis revealed significantly better healing patterns for group 3 than for groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05).Conclusion Extract derived from Cholerella sp. microalgae has favourable effects on healing of experimental colon anastomoses.
Endometriosis of the vermiform appendix as an exceptional cause of acute perforated appendicitis during pregnancy
Authors: Faucheron J.‐L. , Pasquier D. , Voirin D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe incidence of appendicitis presenting during pregnancy is less than 1 in 1500. Most cases of endometriosis of the appendix are discovered as a result of incidental appendectomy. True perforated appendicitis in an endometriotic area has not been reported before.The authors report the case of a 28‐year‐old woman in her 27th week of pregnancy who underwent an appendicectomy for inflamed, perforated appendix with transmural endometriosis and accompanying decidual reaction.