bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamics of RWJ-54428 against
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, and
Enterococcus faecalis
in a Neutropenic Mouse Thigh Infection Model
Authors: Griffith David C. , Rodriguez David , Corcoran Erik , Dudley Michael N. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT

RWJ-54428 (also known as MC-02,479) is a new cephalosporin with promising activity against gram-positive bacteria. The pharmacodynamics (PDs) of RWJ-54428 against
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, and
Enterococcus faecalis
were studied in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. The RWJ-54428 MICs ranged from 0.25 to 1 mg/liter. Mice with ca. 10
6
CFU/thigh at the initiation of therapy were treated intraperitoneally with RWJ-54428 at doses that ranged from 3 to 1,200 mg/kg of body weight/day (in 2, 3, 4, 6, or 12 divided doses) for 24 h. The maximal reductions in bacterial counts in thigh tissues at 24 h for the methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
, penicillin-resistant
S. pneumoniae
, and
E. faecalis
strains were −2.8, −3.8, and −1.7 log
10
CFU/thigh, respectively. The percentage of a 24-h dosing interval that the unbound serum RWJ-54428 concentrations exceeded the MIC (
fT
>
MIC
) was the pharmacokinetic (PK)-PD parameter that best described the efficacy of RWJ-54428. The
fT
>
MIC
s for a bacteriostatic effect (no net change in the numbers of CFU/thigh over 24 h) ranged from 14 to 20% for staphylococci and streptococci; for maximal reductions in the numbers of CFU/thigh, the
fT
>
MIC
s ranged from 22 to 36% for these strains. For
E. faecalis
, the ranges of
fT
>
MIC
s for static and maximal effects were 30 to 46% and 55 to 60%, respectively. These data show that treatment with RWJ-54428 results in marked antibacterial effects in vivo, with the PK-PD parameters for efficacy being comparable to those for the efficacy of penicillins and carbapenems active against staphylococci and pneumococci.
Comparative Analysis of the Bactericidal Activities of Amphibian Peptide Analogues against Multidrug-Resistant Nosocomial Bacterial Strains
Authors: Mangoni Maria Luisa , Maisetta Giuseppantonio , Di Luca Mariagrazia , Gaddi Ludovica Marcellini Hercolani , Esin Semih , Florio Walter , Brancatisano Franca Lisa , Barra Donatella , Campa Mario , Batoni Giovanna 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT

Due to the widespread resistance of bacteria to the available drugs, the discovery of new classes of antibiotics is urgently needed, and naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered promising candidates for future therapeutic use. Amphibian skin is one of the richest sources of such AMPs. In the present study we compared the in vitro bactericidal activities of five AMPs from three different species of anurans against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates belonging to species often involved in nosocomial infections (
Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
, and
Acinetobacter baumannii
). The peptides tested were temporins A, B, and G from
Rana temporaria
; the fragment from positions 1 to 18 of esculentin 1b [Esc(1-18)] from
Rana esculenta
; and bombinin H2 from
Bombina variegata
. When they were tested in buffer, all the peptides were bactericidal against all bacterial species tested (three strains of each species) at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 48 μΜ, with only a few exceptions. The temporins were found to be more active against gram-positive bacteria, especially when they were assayed in human serum; Esc(1-18) showed fast and strong bactericidal activity, within 2 to 20 min, especially against the gram-negative species, which were killed by Esc(1-18) at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 μΜ; bombinin H2 displayed similar bactericidal activity toward all isolates. Interestingly, while the activities of the temporins and bombinin H2 were almost completely inhibited in the presence of 20% human serum, the activity of Esc(1-18) against the gram-negative species was partially preserved in the presence of 40% serum. This property renders this peptide an attractive molecule for use in the development of new compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Bystander Macrophage Apoptosis afterMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Ra Infection
Authors: Kelly Deirdre M. , ten Bokum Annemieke M. C. , O'Leary Seonadh M. , O'Sullivan Mary P. , Keane Joseph 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTHuman macrophages infected withMycobacterium tuberculosismay undergo apoptosis. Macrophage apoptosis contributes to the innate immune response againstM. tuberculosisby containing and limiting the growth of mycobacteria and also by depriving the bacillus of its niche cell. Apoptosis of infected macrophages is well documented; however, bystander apoptosis of uninfected macrophages has not been described in the setting ofM. tuberculosis. We observed that uninfected human macrophages underwent significant bystander apoptosis 48 and 96 h after they came into contact with macrophages infected with avirulentM. tuberculosis. The bystander apoptosis was significantly greater than the background apoptosis observed in uninfected control cells cultured for the same length of time. There was no evidence of the involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha, Fas, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, transforming growth factor β, Toll-like receptor 2, or MyD88 in contact-mediated bystander apoptosis. This newly described phenomenon may further limit the spread ofM. tuberculosisby eliminating the niche cells on which the bacillus relies.
Highly Attenuated
Bordetella pertussis
Strain BPZE1 as a Potential Live Vehicle for Delivery of Heterologous Vaccine Candidates
Authors: Ho Si Ying , Chua Shi Qian , Foo Damian G. W. , Locht Camille , Chow Vincent T. , Poh Chit Laa , Alonso Sylvie 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT

Bordetella pertussis
, the causative agent of whooping cough, is a promising and attractive candidate for vaccine delivery via the nasal route, provided that suitable attenuation of this pathogen has been obtained. Recently, the highly attenuated
B. pertussis
BPZE1 strain has been described as a potential live pertussis vaccine for humans. We investigated here the use of BPZE1 as a live vehicle for heterologous vaccine candidates. Previous studies have reported the filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a major
B. pertussis
adhesin, as a carrier to express foreign antigens in
B. pertussis
. In this study, we also examined the BrkA autotransporter as a surface display system. Three copies of the neutralizing peptide SP70 from enterovirus 71 (EV71) were fused to FHA or in the passenger domain of BrkA, and each chimera was expressed in BPZE1. The FHA-(SP70)
3
and BrkA-(SP70)
3
chimeras were successfully secreted and exposed at the bacterial surface, respectively. Nasal administration of the live recombinant strains triggered a strong and sustained systemic anti-SP70 antibody response in mice, although the titers and neutralizing activities against EV71 were significantly higher in the sera of mice immunized with the BrkA-(SP70)
3
-producing strain. These data indicate that the highly attenuated BPZE1 strain is a potential candidate for vaccine delivery via the nasal route with the BrkA autotransporter as an alternative to FHA for the presentation of the heterologous vaccine antigens.
Preclinical Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Vaccine Consisting ofPlasmodium falciparumLiver-Stage Antigen 1 with Adjuvant AS01B Administered Alone or Concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01B Vaccine in Rhesus Primates
Authors: Pichyangkul S. , Kum-Arb U. , Yongvanitchit K. , Limsalakpetch A. , Gettayacamin M. , Lanar D. E. , Ware L. A. , Stewart V. A. , Heppner D. G. , Mettens P. , Cohen J. D. , Ballou W. R. , Fukuda M. M. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTSeveral lines of evidence suggest that targeting pre-erythrocytic-stage parasites for malaria vaccine development can provide sterile immunity. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate preclinically the safety and immunogenicity of a new recombinant pre-erythrocytic-stage antigen, liver-stage antigen 1 (LSA1), in nonhuman primates; and (ii) to investigate the potential for immune interference between LSA1 and the leading malaria vaccine candidate, RTS,S, by comparing the immune responses after single-antigen vaccination to responses after simultaneous administration of both antigens at separate sites. Using a rhesus monkey model, we found that LSA1 formulated with the GlaxoSmithKline proprietary adjuvant system AS01B (LSA1/AS01B) was safe and immunogenic, inducing high titers of antigen-specific antibody and CD4+T-cell responses, as monitored by the production of interleukin-2 and gamma interferon, using intracellular cytokine staining. RTS,S/AS01B vaccination was well tolerated and demonstrated robust antibody and moderate CD4+T-cell responses to circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and HBsAg. Positive CD8+T-cell responses to HBsAg were detected, whereas the responses to CSP and LSA1 were negligible. For both LSA1/AS01B and RTS,S/AS01B, no statistically significant differences were observed between individual and concurrent administration in the magnitude or duration of antibody and T-cell responses. Our results revealed that both pre-erythrocytic-stage antigens were safe and immunogenic, administered either separately or simultaneously to rhesus monkeys, and that no significant immune cross interference occurred with concurrent separate-site administration. The comparison of the profiles of immune responses induced by separate-site and single-site vaccinations with LSA1 and RTS,S warrants further investigation.
Kupffer cells are central in the removal of nanoparticles from the organism
Authors: Sadauskas Evaldas , Wallin Håkan , Stoltenberg Meredin , Vogel Ulla , Doering Peter , Larsen Agnete , Danscher Gorm 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
The study aims at revealing the fate of nanoparticles administered intravenously and intraperitoneally to adult female mice, some of which were pregnant. Gold nanoparticles were chosen as a model because these particles have been found to be chemically inert and at the same time are easily traced by autometallography (AMG) at both ultrastructural and light microscopic levels.

Results
Gold nanoparticles were injected intravenously (IV) or intraperitoneally (IP) and traced after 1, 4 or 24 hours. For IV injections 2 and 40 nm particles were used; for IP injections 40 nm particles only. The injected nanoparticles were found in macrophages only, and at moderate exposure primarily in the Kupffer cells in the liver. IV injections resulted in a rapid accumulation/clustering of nanoparticles in these liver macrophages, while the uptake in spleen macrophages was moderate. IP injections were followed by a delayed uptake in the liver and included a moderate uptake in macrophages located in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and small intestine. Ultrastructurally, the AMG silver enhanced nanocrystals were found in lysosome-like organelles of the Kupffer cells and other macrophages wherever located.
Accumulations of gold nanoparticles were not found in any other organs analysed, i.e. kidneys, brain, lungs, adrenals, ovaries, placenta, and fetal liver, and the control animals were all void of AMG staining.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that: (1) inert gold nanoparticles do not penetrate cell membranes by non-endocytotic mechanisms, but are rather taken up by endocytosis; (2) gold nanoparticles, independent of size, are taken up primarily by Kupffer cells in the liver and secondarily by macrophages in other places; (3) gold nanoparticles do not seem to penetrate the placenta barrier; (4) the blood-brain barrier seems to protect the central nervous system from gold nanoparticles; (5) 2 nanometer gold particles seem to be removed not only by endocytosis by macrophages, and we hypothesize that part of these tiny nanoparticles are released into the urine as a result of simple filtration in the renal glomeruli.
Different Prognostic Value of Cytokeratin-19 mRNA–Positive Circulating Tumor Cells According to Estrogen Receptor and HER2 Status in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Ignatiadis Michail , Xenidis Nikos , Perraki Maria , Apostolaki Stella , Politaki Eleni , Kafousi Maria , Stathopoulos Efstathios N. , Stathopoulou Aliki , Lianidou Evi , Chlouverakis Grigorios , Sotiriou Christos , Georgoulias Vassilis , Mavroudis Dimitris 
Published: October 2007

Purpose To examine the prognostic value of cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) mRNA–positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in early-stage breast cancer patients focusing on clinically relevant subgroups based on estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 expression. Patients and Methods CK-19 mRNA–positive CTCs were detected by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the blood of 444 consecutive, stage I-III, breast cancer patients before initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. The association between detection of CK-19 mRNA–positive CTCs and clinical outcome was analyzed for patients with ER-positive, ER-negative, triple-negative, HER2-positive, and ER-positive/HER2-negative tumors. Results CK-19 mRNA–positive CTCs were detected in 181 (40.8%) of 444 patients; 109 (41.9%) of 260 patients with ER-positive tumors; 71 (40.6%) of 175 patients with ER-negative tumors; 27 (35%) of 77 patients with triple-negative tumors; 35 (39.8%) of 88 patients with HER2-positive tumors; and 82 (44.1%) of 186 patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative tumors. After a median follow-up of 53.5 months, patients with CK-19 mRNA–positive CTCs experienced reduced disease-free survival (DFS; P < .001) and overall survival (OS; P < .001); this was mainly observed in patients with ER-negative (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not ER-positive tumors (P = .172 and P = .425, respectively) and in patients with triple-negative (P = .008 and P = .001, respectively) and HER2-positive (P = .023 and P = .040, respectively) but not ER-positive/HER2-negative tumors (P = .210 and P = .578, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the interaction between CK-19 mRNA–positive CTCs and ER status was the strongest independent prognostic factor for reduced DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.808; 95% CI, 2.415 to 6.003; P < .001) and OS (HR, 4.172; 95% CI, 2.477 to 9.161; P < .001). Conclusion Detection of CK-19 mRNA–positive CTCs before adjuvant chemotherapy predicts poor clinical outcome mainly in patients with ER-negative, triple-negative, and HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer.
A New Approach to Prepare VO2 (B) Nanoribbons
Authors: Liu Xinghai , Xie Guangyong , Huang Chi , Wu Hanzheng , Luo Yunbai 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The VO2 nanoribbons have been successfully prepared via hydrothermal reaction of V2O5 and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution. The products consist of a large number of ribbon-like nanostructures, and nanoribbons are 100–200 nm in width, 0.8–1.9 μm in length and about 20–30 nm in average thickness. The influence on the morphology of the as-obtained products was briefly discussed on the basis of the experimental results.
Zinc Sulfide Nanocrystals in Paraffin Liquid Open to Air: Preparation, Structure, and Mechanism
Authors: Ye Xinyu , Zhuang Weidong , Hu Yunsheng , Luo Xinyu , Zhao Chunlei , Huang Xiaowei 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We describe a new, green, and cheap route to the preparation of zinc sulfide nanocrystals at moderate temperature open to air in noncoordinating solvent paraffin liquid. The as-prepared ZnS nanocrystals with average size 4.7 nm presented particular UV–vis absorption. Cubic crystal lattice structures with good crystallization are characterized. A mechanism of ZnS nanocrystals formed in paraffin liquid as well as other similar solvent is demonstrated.
Picosecond Time-resolved Infrared Imaging by a Nonscanning Two-color Infrared Super-resolution Microscope
Authors: Sakai Makoto , Ohmori Tsutomu , Kinjo Masataka , Ohta Nobuhiro , Fujii Masaaki 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A nonscanning two-color infrared super-resolution microscope combining a laser fluorescence microscope and picosecond time-resolved transient fluorescence detected IR (TFD-IR) spectroscopy has been developed. Picosecond time-resolved infrared super-resolution images were obtained with 2 ps time resolutions and 1.4 μm spatial resolutions, without XY scanning of the sample or the excitation light of infrared and visible. A demonstration measurement on Arabidopsis thaliana roots labeled by Rhodamine 6G is presented.
Synthesis of Glaziovianin A: A Potent Antitumor Isoflavone
Authors: Hayakawa Ichiro , Ikedo Akiyuki , Kigoshi Hideo 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Glaziovianin A (1) is a novel isoflavone derivative isolated from the leaves of the Brazilian tree Astelia glazioviana. Glaziovianin A (1) showed cytotoxic activity and was suggested to be an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. We achieved the total synthesis of glaziovianin A (1) by using the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling as a key step.
Analysis of hTERT expression in exfoliated cells from patients with bladder transitional cell carcinomas using SYBR green real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
Authors: Xie Xiao-Yan , Yang Xin , Zhang Jia-Hua , Liu Ze-Jun 
Published: October 2007

Aims: To investigate whether hTERT mRNA expression could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Methods: SYBR green I real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to quantify hTERT mRNA expression in exfoliated cells from patients with bladder transitional cell carcinomas. Results: A significant correlation was observed between the level of hTERT mRNA expression in exfoliated cells collected in urine with pathological grade and clinical stage. Conclusions: Our results show that SYBR green real-time fluorescence quantitative evaluation of hTERT mRNA could be a useful marker of tumor progression for the early diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancers.
Serum lysophospholipase D/autotaxin may be a new nutritional assessment marker: study on prostate cancer patients
Authors: Nakamura Kazuhiro , Takeuchi Takumi , Ohkawa Ryunosuke , Okubo Shigeo , Yokota Hiromitsu , Tozuka Minoru , Aoki Junken , Arai Hiroyuki , Ikeda Hitoshi , Ohshima Noriko , Kitamura Tadaichi , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: October 2007

Background: It is now established that the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) contributes to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis, including those of prostate cancer. LPA is produced in the serum and plasma mainly by conversion from lysophospholipids through the action of lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD), which is identical to the soluble form of autotaxin (ATX) originally isolated as a tumour cell motility-stimulating factor. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of lysoPLD/ATX activity as a diagnostic marker. Methods: The serum lysoPLD activity, assessed by measuring choline liberation from the substrate lysophosphatidylcholine, was measured in patients with prostate cancer and compared with the concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and conventional nutritional assessment markers. Results: The serum lysoPLD activity in prostate cancer patients was not statistically different from that in the controls. Consistent with this, there was no correlation between the serum lysoPLD activity and the serum PSA concentrations. However, the lysoPLD/ATX activity did decrease after operation in the prostate cancer patients and seemed to reflect the postoperative damage or the nutritional status. Conclusions: We postulate that while the serum lysoPLD/ATX may not be a marker of prostate cancer, it promises to instead be a new marker of nutritional status.
SurveyorTM nuclease-based detection of p53 gene mutations in haematological malignancy
Authors: Mitani Noriaki , Niwa Yoshimasa , Okamoto Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2007

Background: SurveyorTM nuclease is a new single-strand-specific endonuclease that cleaves heteroduplex DNA at a base-mismatch site in both DNA strands. We applied this enzyme to detection of p53 gene mutations in haematological malignancy. Methods: DNA fragments including exons 5 and 6, and those including exons 7 and 8, of the p53 gene, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using DNA samples extracted from bone marrow aspirates. Denaturation followed by gradual annealing of the amplified fragments formed a heteroduplex with a base-mismatch if a mutation existed because the DNA samples contained wild-type DNA derived from coexisting non-malignant cells. After cleavage by Surveyor nuclease, mutations were simply detected by gel electrophoresis as extra bands of shorter size. Results: Somatic mutations were clearly detected by this method in three of 39 different samples and confirmed by sequencing. The limit of detection estimated by changing the proportion of heteroduplexes in hetero/homoduplexes was between 1/8 and 1/16. Conclusion: We suggest that our method is not only simple, but also sensitive, compared with other complicated methods, and would therefore be useful in current clinical laboratory settings.
Enantioselective syntheses of organosulfur compounds via [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangements of ylides derived from di(allyl), di(propargyl), and di(benzyl) sulfide complexes; Control of carbon configuration by an easily resolved and recycled rhenium auxiliary
Authors: Meyer O. , Cagle P. C. , Weickhardt K. , Vichard D. , Gladysz John A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The development of more efficient syntheses of polycyclic diterpenes through intramolecular cyclopropanation of aryl rings in diazomethyl ketones
Authors: Rogers D. H. , Morris J. C. , Roden F. S. , Frey Barbara , King G. R. , Russkamp F.-W. , Bell R. A. , Mander L. N. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Novel biotransformations on peracylated polyphenolics by immobilized lipases in microemulsion-based gels and on carbohydrates by Candida antartica lipase
Authors: Parmar V. S. , Bisht K. S. , Pati H. N. , Sharma N. K. , Kumar A. , Kumar N. , Malhotra Sanjay , Singh A. , Prasad A. K. , Wengel J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The Budget and Cycle of Earth's Natural Chlorine
Authors: Graedel Thomas E. , Keene W. C. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Earth's chlorine, retained when the planet was formed from the Solar nebula, is contained largely in three reservoirs: the mantle (99.6%), the crust (0.3%), and the oceans (0.1%). Only oceanic chlorine is readily mobile, cycling among the lower and middle atmosphere, the pedosphere, freshwaters, and the cryosphere. Inter-reservoir chlorine fluxes are estimated for all transitions of interest; by far the most important on a mass basis is the injection of seasalt from the oceans to the atmosphere, and its return to the planetary surface by wet and dry deposition.
The Diversity of Natural Organochlorines in Living Organisms
Authors: Gribble G. W. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Of the more than 2,600 known naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, more than 1,500 contain chlorine. These organochlorines, which range in structural intricacy from the ubiquitous fungal and plant metabolite chloromethane to the complex life-saving antibiotic vancomycin, are produced by marine and terrestrial plants, bacteria, fungi, lichens, insects, marine animals (sponges, sea hares, nudibranchs, gorgonians, tunicates), some higher animals, and a few mammals. New examples are continually being discovered and the total number of natural organohalogens may surpass 3,000 by the turn of the century.