bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of glossitis in a boarding school, diagnostic challenges and the outcome after treatment with Vitamin B Complex tablets: A retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Nepal Tej Nath , Gyaltshen Dhendup 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The study aimed to understand the cause of glossitis that occurred among boarding students in a central school in Chhukha, Bhutan, and the outcome after 15 days of treatment with a vitamin B complex tablet. Methods: The researcher extracted data from the treatment records of patients treated for glossitis from 30 September 2020 to 30 October 2020 at the boarding school and conducted a retrospective descriptive study. A total of 97 records were used in the study: the age, gender,date of reporting to school, treatment, dietary preferences, and outcome of treatment. Results: In all, 63 (64.9%) patients were females. The students who were staying in the hostel for longer duration were more in proportion among the patients. About 80% of the patients had subjective improvement after treatment with two doses of one tablet of vitamin B complex tablet for 15 days. There were no deaths. Conclusion: The study could not ascertain the definite cause of glossitis among boarding students but 80 % of the patients showed subjective improvement after treatment with daily two doses of 32.5 mg of vitamin B complex tablet. The study recommends a prospective study to understand the cause of glossitis among boarding students to prevent similar future outbreaks.
Etiologic subtypes of first and recurrent ischemic stroke in young patients using A-S-C-O and TOAST classification criteria: A retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Aarnio Karoliina , Martinez-Majander Nicolas , Haapaniemi Elena , Kokkola Eeva , Broman Jenna , Tulkki Lauri , Kaste Markku , Tatlisumak Turgut , Putaala Jukka 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Scarce data exist on the etiology of recurrent ischemic strokes (ISs) among young adults. We analyzed the etiology of first-ever and recurrent events and the differences between them. Patients and methods: Patients aged 15–49 years with a first-ever IS in 1994–2007 were included in the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry. In this retrospective cohort study, data on recurrent ISs were identified from Care Register for Health Care until the end of 2017 and Causes of Death Register and from patient records until the end of 2020. All first-ever and recurrent ISs were classified using Atherosclerosis-Small vessel disease-Cardioembolism-Other Cause (A-S-C-O) and Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classifications. Results: A total of 970 patients were included (median age at index IS 46 years, interquartile range 43–48, 33% women), of which 155 (16.0%) patients had recurrent IS, with 8 (5.2%) fatal cases and 5 (3.2%) unverifiable cases. The median follow-up was 17.4 (IQR 13.9–21.7) years. Median time from the index event to the first recurrent event was 4.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.6–10.2) years. Recurrence was more often due to definite cardioembolism (10.7% vs 18.0%, p = 0.013), while the proportion of other definite A-S-C-O subgroups remained the same. With TOAST classification, the proportion of true cryptogenic ISs decreased (16.7% vs 6.7%, p = 0.003), while those with incomplete evaluation increased (9.3% vs 19.3%, p = 0.015). Other TOAST phenotypes remained the same. Conclusion: The proportion of definite cardioembolism increased at recurrence using the A-S-C-O classification and the number of cryptogenic ISs decreased using the TOAST classification, while cases with incomplete evaluation increased. Most etiologies remained the same.
Investigation of the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and catabolic characteristics and gene expression under drought stress in tolerant and sensitive genotypes of wild barley [Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Asch. & Graebn.]
Authors: Shirvani Hooman , Mehrabi Ali Ashraf , Farshadfar Mohsen , Safari Hooshmand , Arminian Ali , Fatehi Foad , Pouraboughadareh Alireza , Poczai Peter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Barley (H. vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop cultivated across various climates globally. Barley and its ancestor (H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) are an economically valuable model for genetic research and improvement. Drought, among various abiotic stresses, is a substantial threat to agriculture due to its unpredictable nature and significant impact on crop yield.

Results
This study was conducted in both greenhouse and laboratory settings. Prior to the study, wild barley accessions were pre-selected based on their sensitivity or tolerance to drought as determined from fieldwork in the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 cropping seasons. The effects of three levels of drought stress were evaluated (control, 90–95% field capacity [FC]; mild stress, 50–55% FC; and severe stress, 25–30% FC). Several parameters were assessed, including seedling and root growth, enzymatic activity (CAT, SOD, POD), soluble protein levels, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, abaxial and adaxial stomatal density and dimensions, and relative gene expression of Dhn1, SOD, POD, and CAT. Drought stress significantly increased enzyme activities, especially at 25–30% FC, and more in the tolerant genotype. On the other hand, sensitive genotypes showed a notable increase in stomatal density. Under drought stress, there was a general decline in seedling and root growth, protein content, chlorophyll and carotenoids, and stomatal dimensions. Importantly, gene expression analysis revealed that Dhn1, SOD, POD, and CAT were upregulated under drought, with the highest expression levels observed in the drought-tolerant genotype under severe stress conditions (25–30% FC).

Conclusions
Our investigation highlights the distinct morphological, physiological, biochemical, and gene-expression profiles of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive wild barley genotypes under varying degrees of drought.
Effect of pretreatment with a small dose of esketamine on sufentanil-induced cough during anesthesia induction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gao Liangliang , Zhang Zhuoliang , Zhu Yi , Lu Xinyu , Tian Yue , Wei Lei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Sufentanil-induced cough is common during the induction of anesthesia. The objective of this study was to determine whether pretreatment with a small dose of esketamine is effective in treating sufentanil-induced cough.

Methods
220 patients were screened, and 200 patients who had scheduled elective surgery and were between 18 and 70 years old were randomly divided into two groups. Before sufentanil was administered, esketamine group (group K) was injected with 0.15 mg/kg esketamine at 5 s, and control group (group C) was administered with the same volume. Within 1 min after sufentanil(0.4ug/kg) injection during induction, cough incidence and severity were evaluated. After sufentanil was injected, we recorded its hemodynamic changes and side effects.

Results
In the esketamine group (group K) and control group (group C), there was an incidence of cough of 5 and 34%, respectively. The esketamine group (group K) had a significantly lower incidence and severity of cough compared to the control group (group C) immediately after sufentanil injection (P < 0.05). MAP and HR did not differ significantly between the two groups during three different times of general anesthesia induction (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
In our study, we found that sufentanil-induced cough was significantly reduced by pretreatment with 0.15 mg/kg esketamine, but with no significant changes in the hemodynamic status.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200063821, registered date: 17/09/2022), http://www.chictr.org.cn
Socio-environmental predictors of diabetes incidence disparities in Tanzania mainland: a comparison of regression models for count data
Authors: Mbwambo Sauda Hatibu , Mbago Maurice C. , Rao Gadde Srinivasa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetes is one of the top four non-communicable diseases that cause death and illness to many people around the world. This study aims to use an efficient count data model to estimate socio-environmental factors associated with diabetes incidences in Tanzania mainland, addressing lack of evidence on the efficient count data model for estimating factors associated with disease incidences disparities.

Methods
This study analyzed diabetes counts in 184 Tanzania mainland councils collected in 2020. The study applied generalized Poisson, negative binomial, and Poisson count data models and evaluated their adequacy using information criteria and Pearson chi-square values.

Results
The data were over-dispersed, as evidenced by the mean and variance values and the positively skewed histograms. The results revealed uneven distribution of diabetes incidence across geographical locations, with northern and urban councils having more cases. Factors like population, GDP, and hospital numbers were associated with diabetes counts. The GP model performed better than NB and Poisson models.

Conclusion
The occurrence of diabetes can be attributed to geographical locations. To address this public health issue, environmental interventions can be implemented. Additionally, the generalized Poisson model is an effective tool for analyzing health information system count data across different population subgroups.
Impact of resistance exercise on patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chen Chong-Cheng , Huang Yue-Yang , Hua-Zhang  , Xia-Liu  , Li Xue-Qin , Long Yan-Qiong , Chen Zheng-Wen , Jin Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an increasingly important public health disease with a high incidence rate and mortality. Although several studies have explored the effectiveness of resistance exercise in improving the prognosis of CKD patients, the number of studies is still limited and the results are still controversial.ObjectivesWe conducted this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) studies to evaluate the effectiveness of resistance exercise on CKD patients.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from the inception date to October 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate 12 main indicators, including glomerular filtration rate (GFR)(ml/(min•1.73m2)), C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L), serum creatinine (mg/dL), hemoglobin (g/dL), Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Type A1C (HBA1c) (%), high Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dL), low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (mg/dL), 6-min walk(m), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), fat-free mass (kg), fat mass (kg), grip strength (kgf).ResultsSixteen RCT studies were included in this meta-analysis from 875 records. GFR exhibited no significant change in CKD patients treated with resistance exercise (WMD 1.82; 95%CI -0.59 to 4.23;P = 0.139). However, 6-min walk (WMD 89.93; 95%CI 50.12 to 129.74;P = 0.000), fat-free mass (WMD 6.53; 95%CI 1.14 to 11.93;P = 0.018) and grip strength (WMD 3.97; 95%CI 1.89 to 6.05;P = 0.000) were significantly improved with resistance exercise. The level of CRP (WMD − 2.46; 95%CI -4.21 to -0.72;P = 0.006) and HBA1c (WMD − 0.46; 95%CI -0.63 to -0.29;P = 0.000) dropped significantly after resistance exercise treatment.ConclusionsResistance exercise can improve physical function, metabolic condition, inflammatory response and cardiopulmonary function in CKD patients, specifically reflected in the increase of indicators fat-free mass, grip strength, 6-min walk, as well as the decrease of indicators HBA1c and CRP.
Immature central tumor tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with better prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xiaoxu Deng , Min Xu , Chengcheng Cao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background & aims
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are predictive biomarkers of favorable clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response in several solid malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the relationship between TLSs and NSCLC prognosis has not been eludicated from the aspects of location, density, and maturity. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of TLSs in NSCLC.

Methods
A collection of 151 resected pulmonary nodules in patients with NSCLC was retrospectively analyzed. Two experienced pathologists reviewed hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) slides and assessed TLS scores at different anatomic subregions. Then, we analyzed their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters and CD8 staining intensity and assessed multiple clinicopathological factors affecting patient prognosis.

Results
CD8 expression was correlated with total (TLS-CT) (P = 0.000), aggregates (Agg) (TLS-CT) (P = 0.001), follicles (FOL)-I (TLS-CT) (P = 0.025), and TLS(overall) (P = 0.013). TLS scores in the central tumor (CT) and invasion margin (IM) areas were negatively correlated with distant metastasis and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage in NSCLC patients, while TLS score in the CT area was positively correlated with CD8 expression. TLS (overall), Agg (TLS-CT), and FOL-I (TLS-CT) were positively correlated with distant metastasis, UICC stage, and CD8 expression in NSCLC patients. Agg (TLS-IM) was positively correlated with distant metastasis and UICC stage. FOL-I (TLS-IM) was positively correlated with UICC stage. FOL-II (TLS-IM) was positively correlated with distant metastasis (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that unfavorable independent prognostic factors were associated with metastasis status and UICC stage. Independent prognostic factors with protective effects included Agg (TLS-CT), FOL-I (TLS-CT), total (TLS-CT), and overall TLS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Histological score assessment of H&E sections of Agg (TLS-CT), FOL-I (TLS-CT), total (TLS-CT), and overall TLS levels in NSCLC has prognostic value.
The effect of hydrogen-rich water consumption on premenstrual symptoms and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aker Menekşe Nazlı , Gönenç İlknur M. , Çalişici Dilan , Bulut Menekşe , Alwazeer Duried , LeBaron Tyler W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) consists of psychiatric or somatic symptoms negatively affecting the daily life. PMS treatment can involve the use of complementary-alternative approaches. Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may treat PMS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of drinking HRW on the severity of premenstrual symptoms and the quality of life of women who suffer from PMS.MethodsThis study is a randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized into two groups (intervention group=33, control group=32) using the block randomization method. Participants were requested to consume 1500-2000 mL of HRW daily in the intervention group and drink water in the placebo group. Participants began drinking either HRW or placebo water from day 16 of their menstrual cycle until day 2 of the following cycle for three menstrual cycles. The research data were collected using a Demographic Information Form, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and Short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL- BREF).ResultsThe intervention group had significantly lower mean scores than the control group in both the first and second follow-ups on the PMSS (P<0.05). In the first follow-up, the intervention group had significantly higher mean scores in the Physical Health and Psychological domains of the WHOQOL-BREF compared to the control group (P<0.05). Group × time interaction was significant for PMSS (F = 10.54,P<0.001). Group × time interaction was insignificant for WHOQOL- BREF (P>0.05).ConclusionsThe consumption of HRW reduces the severity of premenstrual symptoms and improves individuals' quality of life in physical and psychological domains.
RAF inhibitor re-challenge therapy in BRAF-aberrant pan-cancers: the RE-RAFFLE study
Authors: Nelson Blessie Elizabeth , Roszik Jason , Ahmed Jibran , Barretto Carmelia Maria Noia , Nardo Mirella , Campbell Erick , Johnson Amber M , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Oliva Isabella C. Glitza , Weathers Shiao-Pei , Cabanillas Maria , Javle Milind , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown the clinical benefit of rechallenging the RAF pathway in melanoma patients previously treated with BRAF inhibitors. 44 patients with multiple tumors harboring RAF alterations were rechallenged with a second RAF inhibitor, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, after prior therapy with a first RAF inhibitor. This retrospective observational study results showed that rechallenging with RAFi(s) led to an overall response rate of 18.1% [PR in thyroid (1 anaplastic; 3 papillary), 1 ovarian, 2 melanoma, 1 cholangiocarcinoma, and 1 anaplastic astrocytoma]. The clinical benefit rate was 54.5%; more than 30% of patients had durable responses with PR and SD lasting > 6 months. The median progression-free survival on therapy with second RAF inhibitor in the rechallenge setting either as monotherapy or combination was shorter at 2.7 months (0.9-30.1 m) compared to 8.6 months (6.5-11.5 m) with RAF-1i. However, the median PFS with RAF-2i responders (PFS-2) improved at 12.8 months compared to 11.4 months with RAF-1i responders. The median OS from retreatment with RAF-2i was 15.5 months (11.1-30.8 m). Further prospective studies are needed to validate these results and expand targeted therapy options for RAF-aberrant cancers.
A new role for spinal manual therapy and for chiropractic? Part I: weaknesses and threats
Authors: O’Neill Søren Francis Dyhrberg , Nim Casper , Newell Dave , Leboeuf-Yde Charlotte 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpinal manual therapy is central to chiropractic history, clinical practice, and professional identity. That chiropractors have developed an expertise in this domain has provided some considerable advantages. However, we contend it is also at the crux of the ideological schism that fractures the chiropractic profession. In this article, which is the first in a series of two, we discuss chiropractors’ understanding and use of spinal manual therapy and do so with particular emphasis on what we see as weaknesses it creates and threats it gives rise to. These are of particular importance, as we believe they have limited the chiropractic profession’s development. As we shall argue, we believe that these threats have become existential in nature, and we are convinced that they call for a resolute and unified response by the profession. Subsequently, in part II, we discuss various strengths that the chiropractic profession possesses and the opportunities that await, provided that the profession is ready to rise to the challenge.
Newly designed plate for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures: a finite element analysis
Authors: Yan Zhaokui , Zou Chang , Kenmegne Guy Romeo , Pan Xuelin , Ghimire Nawin , Silva Kuruwitage Manthi Nihara , Fang Yue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
This study investigated the biomechanical properties of a new plate used for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures using finite element analysis.

Methods
The study groups were as follows: group PM, model of the new plate with posteromedial tibial plateau fracture; group PL, model of the new plate with posterolateral tibial plateau fracture; and group PC, model of the new plate with posterior tibial plateau fracture. We used two loading modes: uniform loading on the entire plateau, and loading on the posterior plateau. Data such as the displacement of the fracture and distribution of stress on the new plate and screws were recorded and analyzed.

Results
When the whole plateau was loaded, the displacement of fractures in groups PM, PL, and PC were 0.273, 0.114, and 0.265 mm, respectively. The maximum stresses on the plates in groups PM, PL, and PC were 118.131 MPa, 44.191 MPa, and 115.433 MPa. The maximum stresses on the screws in Groups PM, PL, and PC were 166.731, 80.330, and 164.439 MPa, respectively. When the posterior tibial plateau was loaded, the displacement of the fractures in groups PM, PL, and PC was 0.410, 0.213, and 0.390 mm, respectively. The maximum stresses on the plates in groups PM, PL, and PC were 194.012 MPa, 72.806 MPa, and 185.535 MPa. The maximum stresses on the screws in Groups PM, PL, and PC were 278.265, 114.839, and 266.396 MPa, respectively.

Conclusion
The results of this study revealed that titanium plates have good fixation effects in all groups; therefore, the use of the new plate for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures appears to be safe and valid.
Bispecific aptamer-decorated and light-triggered nanoparticles targeting tumor and stromal cells in breast cancer derived organoids: implications for precision phototherapies
Authors: Camorani Simona , Caliendo Alessandra , Morrone Elena , Agnello Lisa , Martini Matteo , Cantile Monica , Cerrone Margherita , Zannetti Antonella , La Deda Massimo , Fedele Monica , Ricciardi Loredana , Cerchia Laura 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Based on the established role of cancer-stroma cross-talk in tumor growth, progression and chemoresistance, targeting interactions between tumor cells and their stroma provides new therapeutic approaches. Dual-targeted nanotherapeutics selectively acting on both tumor and stromal cells may overcome the limits of tumor cell-targeting single-ligand nanomedicine due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment.

Methods
Gold-core/silica-shell nanoparticles embedding a water-soluble iridium(III) complex as photosensitizer and luminescent probe (Iren-AuSiO2_COOH) were efficiently decorated with amino-terminated EGFR (CL4) and PDGFRβ (Gint4.T) aptamers (Iren-AuSiO2_Aptamer). The targeting specificity, and the synergistic photodynamic and photothermal effects of either single- and dual-aptamer-decorated nanoparticles have been assessed by confocal microscopy and cell viability assays, respectively, on different human cell types including mesenchymal subtype triple-negative breast cancer (MES-TNBC) MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cell lines (both EGFR and PDGFRβ positive), luminal/HER2-positive breast cancer BT-474 and epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells (only EGFR positive) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) (only PDGFRβ positive). Cells lacking expression of both receptors were used as negative controls. To take into account the tumor-stroma interplay, fluorescence imaging and cytotoxicity were evaluated in preclinical three-dimensional (3D) stroma-rich breast cancer models.

Results
We show efficient capability of Iren-AuSiO2_Aptamer nanoplatforms to selectively enter into target cells, and kill them, through EGFR and/or PDGFRβ recognition. Importantly, by targeting EGFR+ tumor/PDGFRβ+ stromal cells in the entire tumor bulk, the dual-aptamer-engineered nanoparticles resulted more effective than unconjugated or single-aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles in either 3D spheroids cocultures of tumor cells and MSCs, and in breast cancer organoids derived from pathologically and molecularly well-characterized tumors.

Conclusions
Our study proposes smart, novel and safe multifunctional nanoplatforms simultaneously addressing cancer-stroma within the tumor microenvironment, which are: (i) actively delivered to the targeted cells through highly specific aptamers; (ii) localized by means of their luminescence, and (iii) activated via minimally invasive light, launching efficient tumor death, thus providing innovative precision therapeutics. Given the unique features, the proposed dual targeted nanoformulations may open a new door to precision cancer treatment.