bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico Evolutionary Insights into Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Malate Dehydrogenases (MDH) Support the Archaebacterial Origin of Eukaryotes
Authors: Mishu Israt Dilruba , Kabir Nowshin , Mahmud Zimam 
Published: March 2024

Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) stands as a pivotal enzyme crucial for cellular energy metabolism, orchestrating the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. This study delves into the evolutionary trajectories of MDH1 (cytoplasmic) and MDH2 (mitochondrial), offering substantial evidence supporting the archaebacterial origin of eukaryotes. The dataset spans nine groups, encompassing human MDH1 and MDH2, mammalian MDH1 and MDH2, amphibian MDH2, arthropod MDH2, amoeba MDH1, archaea, and bacteria. Protein BLAST analysis revealed significant sequence homology in mammalian MDH1, particularly among primates, underlining a close evolutionary connection. Conversely, lower eukaryotes, including amoeba, arthropods, and amphibians, exhibited marked divergence from human MDH1 and MDH2. Phylogenetic analysis unveils distinct clusters for MDH1 and MDH2, accentuating significant genetic diversity between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic MDH enzymes. Prokaryotic MDH sequences cluster with human mitochondrial MDH2, while MDH1 forms a separate cluster. Staphylococcus MDH aligns with archaeal MDH, emphasizing the diversity within bacterial MDH evolution. Protein variability analysis indicates noteworthy divergence of human MDH1 from prokaryotic MDH, while MDH2 displays comparatively lower divergence. Pairwise evolutionary divergence analysis sheds light on complex relationships among MDH protein sequences. Human MDH1 shows close evolutionary ties to mammalian MDH1, whereas MDH2 exhibits a unique pattern, aligning closely with mammalian MDH2, arthropods, and amphibians. Furthermore, MDH2 demonstrates closer proximity to bacterial MDH, supporting a bacterial origin of mitochondrial MDH. In contrast, MDH1 displays less divergence to archaeal MDH than its bacterial counterpart, endorsing an archaeal origin for cytoplasmic MDH. In conclusion, this study provides compelling support for the archaebacterial origin of eukaryotes, suggesting a bacterial endosymbiont within an archaeal host that evolved into mitochondria. It contributes valuable insights into MDH evolution, unraveling the intricate relationships and unique adaptations shaping the evolutionary history of eukaryotic cells.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 40, Number 1, June 2023, pp 15-24
Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Dengue Viruses: Current Techniques and Future Prospect
Authors: Lee Min Kuang , Morshed Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

The Dengue virus is a prevalent mosquito-borne disease, and its global incidence has been steadily increasing due to the favorable environmental conditions that promote mosquito breeding, primarily influenced by rising temperatures. Bangladesh has been particularly hard-hit by an intense and ongoing outbreak, resulting in a surge of cases and fatalities. Effective management of this disease necessitates the implementation of robust public health measures, including rigorous surveillance and early diagnosis. While serological tests are commonly employed in clinical diagnosis, molecular methods hold a critical role in identifying the specific Dengue virus strain, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of disease severity. This article serves as an extensive review, delving into various molecular testing techniques employed for both surveillance and clinical diagnosis. It offers valuable insights for research and clinical laboratories engaged in the detection of Dengue virus RNA in mosquitoes, environmental samples, and clinical specimens. The methods covered encompass a spectrum of approaches, including conventional PCR, isothermal amplification, real-time RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing, providing a holistic overview of the available techniques. These methods play pivotal roles in clinical diagnosis, outbreak analysis, vector surveillance, and vaccine development. Furthermore, the article underscores the importance of integrating these techniques into existing healthcare systems, emphasizing their significance in ensuring precise dengue diagnostics to enhance the efficiency of disease management. These molecular methods are indispensable tools that contribute to accurate diagnosis, enable effective outbreak investigation, facilitate vector surveillance, and support vaccine preparation, thereby enhancing the overall management and control of dengue, ultimately working toward mitigating its impact on public health.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 40, Number 1, June 2023, pp 41-49
Teachers’ Opinion about Pharmacology MCQ Question Papers of MBBS Professional Examinations
Authors: Chowdhury Dipak Kumer Paul , Saha Debashish , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Habib Md Ahsan 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Multiple choice questions (MCQ) are very effective in assessing the students learning since it is very much objective and time saving. MBBS curriculum introduced MCQ in professional examination from 2002.
Objective: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted to get the teachers’ opinion about Pharmacology professional examination MCQ papers of different Universities of Bangladesh.
Methods: For this purpose, opinions of total 56 purposively selected teachers of the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics of 20 Medical Colleges were collected through self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Most of the teachers (61%) were in favour of existing distribution of different types of question in curriculum (recall-60%, understanding-30% and problem based-10%) for MCQ paper.
Results: Majority of the teachers (71% and 63%) were satisfied with the present coverage of recall and understanding type questions respectively and 60% teachers were satisfied with the coverage of problem based type questions. Fifty-seven percent teachers were satisfied with content coverage in MCQ papers. About 57% teachers were satisfied with the construction of MCQs and 78% teachers were in favour of introduction of single best answer (SBA) type MCQ. Regarding introduction of negative marking for wrong answer, 61% were agreed with the proposal.
Conclusion: Findings of this study may be used to redefine the distribution of different types question in SAQ papers and to improve the quality of question papers by ensuring their coverage and construction.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 19, No 1 (June) 2023: 6-10
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Anak Sebagai Pelaku Kejahatan Kesusilaan Terhadap Anak
Authors: Rahmatyar Ana , Setiyono Joko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to look at the accountability of the convict, children who commit decency crimes, especially rape, and to find useful concepts to overcome these crimes. The legal issues discussed in this study include the accountability of children who commit decency crimes in Indonesia and how the idea is useful in overcoming these problems. The research methodology used is "juridical normative concerning the invitation and case approach; the data used is secondary data." "Document study/literature study is used as a technique of data analysis and processing of legal materials." The traditional material analysis technique used is the hermeneutic method. Based on the results of the research, it can prove that the judge in deciding the case of a child who commits a crime of decency is oriented to Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the juvenile criminal justice system, namely the punishment for children who commit crimes of morality is ½ of the adult sentence. Children who commit decency crimes who have received a court decision are placed in the Special Development Institution for Children (LPKA) to receive guidance and guidance to become better children when returning to society.Keywords: Criminal Act; Criminal Liabilty; Restoratife JusticeAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertaggungjawaban pidana, anak yang melakukan kejahatan kesusilaan khususnya pemerkosaan dan mencari konsep yang efektif untuk mengatasi kejahatan tersebut. Adapun Permasalahan hukum yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini antara lain mengenai bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana anak yang melakukan kejahatan kesusilaan di Indonesia, dan bagaimana konsep yang efektif untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Metodelogi penelitian yang digunakan “yaitu yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder”. “Studi dokumen/studi pustaka digunakan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data dan pengolahan bahan hukum”. Teknik analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah metode penafsiran (hermeneutic). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bisa disimpulkan bahwa hakim dalam memutus perkara anak yang melakukan tindak pidana kesusilaan berkiblat pada Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 tentang sistem peradilan pidana anak yaitu dengan menetapkan hukuman pidana bagi anak yang melakukan kejahatan kesusilaan ½ dari pidana orang dewasa. Anak yang melakukan kejahatan kesusilaan yang telah medapatkan putusan bersalah dari pengadilan di tempatkan di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) untuk mendapakan bimbingan dan pembinaan guna menjadi anak yang lebih baik lagi ketika kembali ke masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Pertanggungjawaban; Restoratif Justice; Tindak Pidana
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA MATERI EKOSISTEM DI SMA NEGERI 12 HALMAHERA TIMUR
Authors: Jurubasa Nadila , Majid Ilham , Yusuf Yusmar 
Published: March 2024

Â Meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa dibutuhkan suatu pembelajaran yang efektif. Salah satu caranya yaitu dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas X semester II SMA Negeri 12 Halmahera Timur pada materi Ekosistem. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas X IPA di SMA Negeri 12 Halmahera Timur pada materi ekositem. Hasil observasiÂ aktivitas Â siswa pada siklus I yaituÂ 69%, siklus II yaitu meningkat menjadi 84%. Sedangkan hasil observasi aktivitasÂ guru siklus I yaitu 85%, siklus II meningkat menjadi 100%. Hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan modelÂ Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada siklus I sebanyak 13 orang yang belum tuntas atau sebanyak 65% yang belum mencapai ketuntasan belajar atau belum mencapai KKM. Sedangkan pada siklus II sudah mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar siswa sebanyak 19 orang yang tuntas atau sebanyak 95% siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL)Â dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar.
Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos: Prevalência e impacto na qualidade de vida em universitárias
Authors: Mendes Fernanda Santos , Martins Letícia Israel , Oppenheimer Drauzio 
Published: March 2024

A síndrome dos ovários policísticos é uma condição clínica muito comum na prática ginecológica e endocrinológica, afetando 6 a 16% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva. As principais manifestações clínicas dessa síndrome são a presença de hiperandrogenismo, oligo-amenorreia e anovulação crônica. Em virtude dessas manifestações, muitas mulheres apresentam hirsutismo, obesidade e podem desenvolver infertilidade e esses fatores estão diretamente relacionados com a auto-estima e qualidade de vida das portadoras da síndrome dos ovários policísticos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho visou observar quais manifestações são mais prevalentes e como elas impactam na qualidade de vida do grupo de acadêmicas observado. A pesquisa foi realizada individualmente com 100 estudantes do sexo feminino, maiores de 18 anos, que apresentam síndrome dos ovários policísticos, matriculadas do 1º ao 6º ano do curso de medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Itajubá e Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, através de um questionário pré-formulado e enviado através da ferramenta “google forms”. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a hipótese inicial do trabalho, tendo em vista que a maioria das participantes relataram que sintomas como hirsutismo, excesso de peso, distúrbios menstruais e medo de infertilidade afetam diretamente sua qualidade de vida e autoestima, causando ainda sintomas emocionais e transtornos psicológicos. O objetivo do estudo, foi observar quais os sinais e sintomas da síndrome dos ovários policísticos e como eles impactam na qualidade de vida das participantes. Portanto, essa análise é importante para que, novas intervenções sejam sugeridas e implementadas, aprimorando o tratamento e garantindo maior qualidade de vida para as pacientes.
Free Cognitive Capacity Assessed by the P300 Method During Manual Docking Training in Space
Authors: Bubeev Juri Akardevic , Johannes Bernd , Kotrovska Tatyana I. , Schastlivtseva Darya , Bronnikov Sergey , Hoermann Hans-Juergen , Gaillard Anthony W. K. 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: The classical P300 brain potential method was used to assess the cognitive capacity during training of manual docking in space. The aim of the study was to enhance the safety of this operation during a mission.
METHODS: To examine this, N = 8 cosmonauts had to perform the manually controlled docking task simultaneously with an acoustic monitoring task. The P300 component was evoked by the acoustic stimuli of the secondary task. The docking task had to be executed at three difficulty levels: low (station not turning); medium (station turning around one axis); and difficult (station turning around three axes). In the secondary task, subjects had to discriminate between a low and a high tone, which occurred with a probability of 90% and 10%, respectively. Subjects had to count the high tones. After the 10th high tone, they had to inspect the power supply by giving an oral command.
RESULTS: A methodology for event-related potentials was successfully demonstrated under space conditions. The P300 amplitude was largest and the latency shortest during the medium difficult task.
DISCUSSION: The results suggest that P300 can be recorded during the complex manual docking task in space and could be used to assess individual available cognitive capacity of cosmonauts during a space mission.
Bubeev JA, Johannes B, Kotrovska TI, Schastlivtseva D, Bronnikov S, Hoermann H-J, Gaillard AWK. Free cognitive capacity assessed by the P300 method during manual docking training in space. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(4):187–193.
Screening for Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Pilots with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zerrik Meryem , Moumen Amal , El Ghazi Mouna , Smiress Fahd Bennani , Iloughmane Zakaria , El M’hadi Choukri , Chemsi Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a cause of death in 75% of patients with diabetes. Its often asymptomatic nature delays diagnosis. In aeronautics, it can cause in-flight incapacitation, beyond which it represents a major fear for the medical expert. Screening for CAD is still a topical subject with the advent of new cardiovascular (CV) risk biomarkers and more effective screening tests. We report the experience of the Aeromedical Expertise Center of Rabat in this screening of diabetic pilots, with a recommendations review.
METHODS: A prospective study over 1 yr included diabetic pilots who benefited from systematic screening for CAD after a CV risk stratification. Coronary angiography is performed if a screening test is positive. Subsequent follow-up is carried out in consultation with the attending physician with regular evaluation in our center.
RESULTS: There were 38 pilots included in our study. The average age was 55 ± 4.19 yr and about 73% had a high CV risk. CAD was detected in 4 cases (10.52%) who had abnormal resting electrocardiograms and required revascularization with the placement of active stents. Approximately 75% of pilots with CAD returned to fly through a waiver with restrictions.
DISCUSSION: Screening for coronary disease in diabetics is controversial, and current recommendations are not unanimous. In our study, the screening did not identify coronary diabetic pilots who could benefit from bypass surgery. Nevertheless, coronary disease was diagnosed, justifying grounding to preserve flight safety, which is an absolute priority in aviation medicine.
Zerrik M, Moumen A, El Ghazi M, Smiress FB, Iloughmane Z, El M’hadi C, Chemsi M. Screening for coronary artery disease in asymptomatic pilot with diabetes mellitus. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(4):200–205.
Sleep Inertia in Aviation
Authors: Sauvet Fabien , Beauchamps Vincent , Cabon Philippe 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Sleep inertia is the transition state during which alertness and cognitive performance are temporarily impaired after awakening. Magnitude and time course of sleep inertia are characterized by high individual variability with large differences between the cognitive functions affected. This period of impairment is of concern to pilots, who take sleep or nap periods during on-call work hours or in-flight rest, then need to perform safety-critical tasks soon after waking. This review analyzes literature related to sleep inertia and countermeasures applicable for aviation.
METHODS: The large part of scientific literature that focuses on sleep inertia is based on studies in patients with chronic sleep inertia. We analyzed 8 narrative reviews and 64 papers related to acute sleep inertia in healthy subjects.
DISCUSSION: Sleep inertia is a multifactorial, complex process, and many different protocols have been conducted, with a low number of subjects, in noncontrolled laboratory designs, with questionnaires or cognitive tests that have not been replicated. Evidence suggests that waking after sleep loss, or from deeper stages of sleep, can exacerbate sleep inertia through complex interactions between awakening and sleep-promoting brain structures. Nevertheless, no meta-analyses are possible and extrapolation to pilots’ performances is hypothetical. Studies in real life or simulated operational situations must be conducted to improve the description of the impact of sleep inertia and kinetics on pilots’ performances. Taking rest or sleep time remains the main method for pilots to fight against fatigue and related decreases in performance. We propose proactive strategies to mitigate sleep inertia and improve alertness.
Sauvet F, Beauchamps V, Cabon P. Sleep inertia in aviation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(4):206–213.
Leveraging Space-Flown Technologies to Deliver Healthcare with Holographic Physical Examinations
Authors: Levschuk Adam , Whittal Jocelyn , Trejos Ana Luisa , Sirek Adam 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal injuries are one of the more common injuries in spaceflight. Physical assessment of an injury is essential for diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, when musculoskeletal injuries occur in space, the flight surgeon is limited to two-dimensional videoconferencing and, potentially, observations made by the crew medical officer. To address these limitations, we investigated the feasibility of performing physical examinations on a three-dimensional augmented reality projection using a mixed-reality headset, specifically evaluating a standard shoulder examination.
METHODS: A simulated patient interaction was set up between Western University in London, Ontario, Canada, and Huntsville, AL, United States. The exam was performed by a medical student, and a healthy adult man volunteered to enable the physical exam.
RESULTS: All parts of the standard shoulder physical examination according to the Bates Guide to the Physical Exam were performed with holoportation. Adaptation was required for the palpation and some special tests.
DISCUSSION: All parts of the physical exam were able to be completed. The true to anatomical size of the holograms permitted improved inspection of the anatomy compared to traditional videoconferencing. Palpation was completed by instructing the patient to palpate themselves and comment on relevant findings asked by the examiner. Range of motion and special tests for specific pathologies were also able to be completed with some modifications due to the examiner not being present to provide resistance. Future work should aim to improve the graphics, physician communication, and haptic feedback during holoportation.
Levschuk A, Whittal J, Trejos AL, Sirek A. Leveraging space-flown technologies to deliver healthcare with holographic physical examinations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(4):214–218.
One-step in vivo gene knock-out in porcine embryos using recombinant adeno-associated viruses
Authors: Gao Mengyu , He YuTing , Zhu XingLong , Peng WanLiu , Zhou YanYan , Deng Yang , Liao Guangneng , Ni Wei , Li Yi , Gao Jun , Bu Hong , Yang Jiayin , Yang Guang , Yang Yang , Bao Ji 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Gene-edited pigs have become prominent models for studying human disease mechanisms, gene therapy, and xenotransplantation. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology is a widely employed tool for generating gene-edited pigs. Nevertheless, delivering CRISPR/Cas9 to pre-implantation embryos has traditionally posed challenges due to its reliance on intricate micromanipulation equipment and specialized techniques, resulting in high costs and time-consuming procedures. This study aims to introduce a novel one-step approach for generating genetically modified pigs by transducing CRISPR/Cas9 components into pre-implantation porcine embryos through oviductal injection of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV).Methods: We first used rAAV-1, rAAV-6, rAAV-8, rAAV-9 expressing EGFP to screen for rAAV serotypes that efficiently target porcine embryos, and then, to achieve efficient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo for a short period, we packaged sgRNAs targeting the GHR genes to self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV), and Cas9 proteins to single-stranded adeno-associated virus (ssAAV). The efficiency of porcine embryos -based editing was then validated in vitro. The feasibility of this one-step method to produce gene-edited pigs using rAAV-CRISPR/Cas9 oviductal injection into sows within 24 h of conception was then validated.Results: Our research firstly establishes the efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 to pig zygotes, both in vivo and in vitro, using rAAV6. Successful gene editing in pigs was achieved through oviductal injection of rAAV-CRISPR/Cas9.Conclusion: This method circumvents the intricate procedures involved in in vitro embryo manipulation and embryo transfers, providing a straightforward and cost-effective approach for the production of gene-edited pigs.