bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suboptimal Fault Tolerant Control Design with the Use of Discrete Optimization
Authors: Kowalczuk Zdzisław , Oliński Krzysztof 
Published: January 2009

Suboptimal Fault Tolerant Control Design with the Use of Discrete OptimizationThis paper presents a concept of designing fault tolerant control systems with the use of suboptimal methods. We assume that a given (nonlinear) dynamical process is described in a state space. The method consists in searching (at the off-line stage) for a trajectory of operational points of the system state space. The sought trajectory can be constrained by certain conditions, which can express faults or failures already detected. Within this approach, we are able to use the autonomous dynamics of the process in order to minimize a control cost index (a sub-optimality property). The search itself is based on finding a cheapest path in a graph structure, which represents the system's dynamics described in the state space. Such a cheapest path (if it exists) represents the sought trajectory. Another (on-line) design stage consists in tracking this trajectory by an executive controller.
Inheritance of Sensitivity to Fenthion in Resistant and Susceptible to Bacterial Speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) Tomato Genotypes
Authors: Kozik Elżbieta , Sobiczewski Piotr 
Published: January 2009

Inheritance of Sensitivity to Fenthion in Resistant and Susceptible to Bacterial Speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) Tomato Genotypes
In developing bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) resistant cultivars the reaction of tomato plants to fenthion (Lebaycid 50EC) can be used as an indicator in differentiation between resistant and susceptible genotypes. The presence of concentric light brown necrotic lesions on tomato leaves after spraying with Lebaycid 50EC corresponds with resistance to this disease. The method appeared to be simple, reliable and useful in tomato breeding program. Genetic analysis in F1, F2 and backcross segregation populations generated from crosses cv. Ontario 7710 (sensitive) and A100 (insensitive) indicated that sensitivity to fenthion in tomato is governed by one completely dominant gene Fen.
Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate
Authors: Obidoska Grażyna , Jasińska Dorota 
Published: January 2009

Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate
Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate. The most common method of municipal solid waste disposal is storing at landfills. Many hazardous substances are present in garbage and some more are formed during degradation. They may be assimilated by numerous organisms, pass through the food chain and bioaccumulate by long-term exposure in animals and humans. Therefore it seems an important tusk to monitor the toxic and genotoxic potential of municipal landfill leachates, which may contaminate waters and soils. Higher plants provide a very useful, uncomplicated and inexpensive tool for first-step screening of environmental pollutants. The objective of our study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate by the means of plant bioassays and to preliminary valuate the efficiency of zeolite as a leachate purifier. Phytotoxicity was assessed by the Allium cepa Root Elongation Bioassay and genotoxicity by the means of Allium and Vicia Root Tip Assays (RTA). Results were subjected to the F-test for the two way analysis of variance (ANOVA 2) and subsequently the Tukey's test, with statistical significance set at p = 0.05. Applied plant bioassays indicated significant phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo landfill leachate The process of zeolite filtration did not eliminate, but evidently decreased phytotoxicity. It did not cause significant change in genotoxic potential of 100% leachate, but resulted in its more rapid decrease in a concentration dependent manner.
The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios
Authors: Szporak Sylwia , Mirosław-Świątek Dorota , Chormański Jarosław 
Published: January 2009

The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios
The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios. An application of an steady 1D flow model for determination of a flood extent in the natural river valley is discussed in this paper. The Pasche method was used to calculate the total Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for each cross section according to the type of vegetation and flow interaction between the main channel and vegetated areas. In this approach friction caused by interaction between the main channel and vegetated areas are taken into account. The model was applied to the Biebrza Valley, fairly undisturbed river-marginal peatland, located in the north-east of Poland. Actual land use carried out in the National Park was analyzed to determine the influence of changes in the vegetation structure on the flood extent in the river valley. The obtained results show variation of a flooded area in relation to the vegetation of the floodplain.
The uncertainty of the water flow velocity data obtained in the laboratory test
Authors: Malinowska Edyta , Sas Wojciech , Szymański Alojzy 
Published: January 2009

The uncertainty of the water flow velocity data obtained in the laboratory test
The uncertainty of the water flow velocity data obtained in the laboratory test. Some of the engineering constructions are significant for the environment and flood protection. There are dams for water retention as well as waste tailings dams and road embankments founded on organic soils. Constructions on soft organic soils make it necessary to calculate subsoil deformations with a special regard of the water flow. In this thesis, the approach of the water flow test in soft organic soils is presented. In the permeability test the modern flow-pump technique was applied. This technique takes into consideration organic fiber structure, large soil strain, short time of research and "real" hydraulic gradients appearing in situ. The specific behavior of soft subsoil demands to calculate the test reliability results. Therefore in the statistical analysis of the test results the suitable statistical method and the proper laboratory technique should be used. Several statistical models have been applied to the flow pump test results in order to find the correct description of water flow velocity in soft subsoil.
The use of resistivity and seismic cone penetration tests for site characterization
Authors: Lech Mariusz , Bajda Marek , Markowska-Lech Katarzyna 
Published: January 2009

The use of resistivity and seismic cone penetration tests for site characterization
The use of resistivity and seismic cone penetration tests for site characterization. Recent application of cone penetration tests to geotechnical and environmental site characterization has generated a wide collection of new sensors. This paper presents methods of interpreting geotechnical in situ investigations carried out by electrical resistivity (RCPT) and seismic (SCPT) cones. It contains some fundamental equations and the description of in situ electrical resistivity and shear wave velocity measurements and presents the results of SCPT and RCPT investigations at the experimental Stegny site in Warsaw. The aim of the paper is to present the approach to determination of shear wave velocity and porosity of clayey soils. According to the test results obtained, it can be concluded that both applied techniques are very useful to estimate the distribution of clay deposits and some of their geotechnical parameters.
Leptin and Other Factors as Determinants of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Roy Manindra Nath , Akter Salima , Jafarulla Mohammad , Mollah Forhadul Hoque , Saha Ajanta Rani , Ali Liaquat 
Published: January 2009

Background: The relative contribution of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vary from population to population due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease. The study was undertaken to evaluate insulin secretory capacity and sensitivity in a Bangladeshi Type 2 diabetic population and to explore the association of some of the anthropometric and biochemical factors known to modulate B-cell function and insulin action. Methods: Ninety one T2DM subjects and 32 age-matched controls were studied for their fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipids, HbA1c (by HPLC), leptin and C-peptide (ELISA). Insulin secretion (HOMA B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA S) were calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results: Both insulin secretion and sensitivity were significantly reduced in diabetic as compared to control (HOMA B%, geometric meanÂ±SD, 35.65Â±1.75 vs. 96.29Â±1.50, p < 0.001; HOMA S%, 68.66Â±1.71 vs. 104.951.63, p < 0.001). However, B-cell dysfunction was predominant than insulin resistance in predicting T2DM as the discriminate function coefficient for HOMA B (1.098) was greater than that for HOMA S (0.821). In T2DM, HOMA B had positive correlation with BMI (r=0.368, p < 0.001) and HOMA S was inversely correlated to BMI (r=-0.261, p < 0.01), WHR (r=-0.258, p < 0.01) and plasma TG (r=-0.233, p < 0.001). On multiple regression analysis HOMA B and HOMA S were found to be inversely associated to FPG (p < 0.001) and leptin (p < 0.05) in T2DM. Conclusions: Both insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance are present in Bangladeshi T2DM subjects, but B-cell failure seems to be the predominant abnormality. BMI, plasma glucose, insulin and leptin are the major determinants of insulin secretory capacity and generalized as well as central obesity, plasma glucose, triglycerides, insulin and leptin are among the major determinants of insulin sensitivity in this population. Key Words: Leptin, Insulin, Diabetes Â doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1786 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2008 Dec;(3):1-7.
What We Know About Cardiac Function of Our Retired People
Authors: Khan AKM Hafiz Uddin , Latif Shah Abdul 
Published: January 2009

Background: Bangladesh is one of the twenty countries in the world with the largest elderly populations, and by 2025, along with four other Asian countries, will account for 44% of world's total elderly population. This rapidly increasing population is a new and important group in terms of social and health policy in the country. As retired geriatric population is increasing day by day and there is a striking increase in their life expectancy and age is a key risk factor for coronary artery disease and because morbidity and mortality from coronary artery diseases increase with age. so evaluation of the cardiac function of retired persons are essential.Objective: To analyze the cardiovascular function of retired geriatric population in terms of measurement of ejection fraction by echocardiography.Design: This was a cross-sectional study.Participants: 70 Retired persons aged 57 years and above without known hypertension, diabetes, renal diseases as study group and 70 healthy adult aged 18-55 years as control group were included in this study. All were obtained from different areas of greater Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh.Intervention: Ejection fraction by echocardiography.Out come measures: Ejection fraction fraction %.Results: Significant decrease of ejection fraction was found in the study group( 57 years and above) in comparison to control group.(P < 0.01) The mean ejection fraction in different age group shows that there is decrease in ejection fraction of study groups than the control groups irrespective of age.Limitation: There was scarcity of Echocardiography at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Color doppler echocardiograph was poorly available at the present settings. So diastolic function can not be assessed.Conclusion: Though the mean ejection fraction value was significantly decreased in 57 years and above, which was progressively decreased by age, yet nearly all the values(2.72%) were within normal physiological limits. So, it seems that the retired geriatric population was having good cardiac function in our setting. Key Words : Retirement, Geriatric, Ejection fraction, Echocardiography Â Â Â doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1789 Â Â J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):17-22.
Serum Immunoglobulin-G Level In Children With Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Akhter Salma , Begum Noorzahan 
Published: January 2009

Introduction- Acute respiratory tract infection is one of the important cause of death in children under 5 years of age in developing countries. Perhaps they have a reduced immunologic capacity. Objectives- To observe the serum IgG level in the children suffering from respiratory tract infection in order to evaluate the immunity status in this group of population. Study design- This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka from January to December 2001.Total 60 children age ranged from 3-5 years of both sexes were included in this study. Of them 30 apparently healthy children were considered as control and 30 children suffering from respiratory tract infection were considered as study group and further subdivided into 2 subgroups on the basis of presence of type of RTI. Group B1 consisted of 15 children with acute attack and B2 with recurrent attack. Method: Serum imunoglobulin G level of all the children were measured by Radial Immuno diffusion Method. Datawere analyzed by unpaired t test. Result- The mean (Â±SE) of serum IgG levels were 10.17Â±0.37, 10.05Â± 0.40 and 10.01Â± 0.52 g/l in control group and two study subgroups respectively. The data were almost similar in all the groups and no statistically significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed. Conclusion - This study reveals that there was no involvement of the IgG status with acute and recurrent respiratory tract infections in the children. Keywords - Children, Respiratory tract infection, Immunoglobulin G. Â Â doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1798 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):55-57.
Cultural and Health Management Practices of the Garo Community of Bangladesh: A Case Study of the Garos of Greater Mymensingh District
Authors: Sarker Md Moklesur Rahman , Ghani Abdul 
Published: January 2009

An extensive survey study was carried out on different aspects of health management practices of the Garo communities in Bangladesh to assess their actual present health status. The study was carried out on 1205 respondents out of 40,173 total Garo people of the study area of greater Mymensingh district. The study revealed that Garos enjoy a better health status than the common Bengali community. It was also observed that traditional cultural practices have great influence on the health management of the Garos. Many of the Garos think that diseases result from the dissatisfaction of the gods and goddesses or curses of the evil spirits. Thus they sacrifice animals to please the spirits to get relief of their diseases. Almost all the Garos use water from tube well (53.69%) or puller pump (44.81%) for drinking, bathing and cleaning purposes. Every family has a latrine. Almost everybody is concerned about regular dental care and half of the Garos are concerned about family planning. Garos eat a wider variety of foods including numerous natural plants as vegetables, some of which have medicinal values. Traditionally Garos are fond of drinking wine, prepared from boiled rice. The study also revealed that the Garos are generally less attacked by diseases than the common Bengali people. This may be attributed to their better living environment, food habits, cleanliness, hard work in the fields and sufficient rest after work and, after all, consciousness about health and diseases. But yet, diseases are quite common in this community; the most common one being Malaria. Most of the Garos take treatment from their traditional health practitioners although treatment of modern Allopathic system is available in the local Christian hospitals. About 55.68% of the Garos expressed their firm faith on their traditional treatment systems. In spite of some superstitions about diseases and health, the overall health status of the Garos is comparatively better than the majority of the mainland Bengali community. Key Words: Garo community, Garo culture, Health management practices, Traditional healers Â Â Â doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1783 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 29-37
Conditions for partial nitrification in biofilm reactors and a kinetic explanation
Authors: Pérez Julio , Costa Engràcia , Kreft Jan‐Ulrich 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNitrification is a two‐step process in which ammonia is incompletely oxidized by ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria or archaea (AOB) to nitrite, which is then further oxidized to nitrate by nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Literature reports show that segregation of initially coexisting ammonia and nitrite oxidizing populations co‐immobilized in gel cubes and cultured in a set‐up with three reactors in series (without recirculation) is attained. In those studies NOB were present and nitrite was oxidized mainly in the last reactor. We developed a mathematical model for immobilized biomass that allows for one‐dimensional gradients of metabolites and changes of porosity within the gel due to growth. The model reproduced the experimentally observed compartmentalization under the conditions used by Noto et al. (Noto et al., 1998. Water Res 32(3): 769– 773), using standard kinetic parameters of nitrifying bacteria including free ammonia inhibition of AOB and NOB. The model predicted compartmentalization when the ammonium load was sufficiently high and liquid phase mixing sufficiently limited (close to plug‐flow). Modeling results demonstrated that inhibition of NOB by free ammonia did not substantially contribute to the compartmentalization in biofilm reactors. Additional simulations identified the higher oxygen affinity of AOB as the key parameter leading to compartmentalization (i.e., partial nitrification) in artificial and natural biofilms since they enable the formation of oxygen gradients. As a result, a tendency for compartmentalization was found even at equal competitiveness. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 282–295. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secondary follicle growth and oocyte maturation by culture in alginate hydrogel following cryopreservation of the ovary or individual follicles
Authors: Xu Min , Banc Anna , Woodruff Teresa K. , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn option for fertility preservation for women facing a cancer diagnosis involves the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for later re‐transplantation or in vitro culture, with in vitro culture preferred to avoid reintroduction of the cancer. Small, immature follicles survive the freeze‐thaw process, and can be matured through in follicle maturation (IFM) that involves an initial growth of the follicle and subsequent maturation of the oocyte. The ovarian tissue can be cryopreserved in two forms: (i) cortical strips consisting of follicles and surrounding stroma (Cryo‐Ov) or (ii) individually isolated follicles (Cryo‐In). The aim of this study was to assess the follicle growth and oocyte maturation for follicles that were cryopreserved either as strips or individually using a slow‐freezing cryopreservation method. The two follicle groups, together with non‐cryopreserved control follicles, were grown in an alginate‐based three‐dimensional culture system for 12 days. The overall survival, size increase and antrum formation rates were comparable among the three groups. At day 12 of culture, Androstenedione levels were decreased in the Cryo‐Ov group relative to the other two, and the ratio of progesterone to estradiol was increased in the two cryopreserved groups relative to the control. Both Gja1 (known as connexin 43) and Gja4 (known as connexin 37) mRNA expression were decreased at day 6 in the cryopreserved groups relative to controls, and by day 12, Gja1 was similar for all three groups. Moreover, Cryo‐In resulted in lower GVBD rate indicating some impaired oocyte development. Overall, the present study demonstrated that mouse preantral follicles, either within ovarian tissues or individually isolated, could be successfully cryopreserved by the slow‐freezing method, as evidenced by post‐thaw follicle development and steroidgenesis, oocyte maturation and molecular markers for oocyte and/or granulosa cells connection. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 378–386. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Grafting of antibacterial polymers on stainless steel via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for inhibiting biocorrosion by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
Authors: Yuan S.J. , Xu F.J. , Pehkonen S.O. , Ting Y.P. , Neoh K.G. , Kang E.T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo enhance the biocorrosion resistance of stainless steel (SS) and to impart its surface with bactericidal function for inhibiting bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, well‐defined functional polymer brushes were grafted via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from SS substrates. The trichlorosilane coupling agent, containing the alkyl halide ATRP initiator, was first immobilized on the hydroxylated SS (SS‐OH) substrates for surface‐initiated ATRP of (2‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The tertiary amino groups of covalently immobilized DMAEMA polymer or P(DMAEMA), brushes on the SS substrates were quaternized with benzyl halide to produce the biocidal functionality. Alternatively, covalent coupling of viologen moieties to the tertiary amino groups of P(DMAEMA) brushes on the SS surface resulted in an increase in surface concentration of quaternary ammonium groups, accompanied by substantially enhanced antibacterial and anticorrosion capabilities against Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in anaerobic seawater, as revealed by antibacterial assay and electrochemical studies. With the inherent advantages of high corrosion resistance of SS, and the good antibacterial and anticorrosion capabilities of the viologen‐quaternized P(DMAEMA) brushes, the functionalized SS is potentially useful in harsh seawater environments and for desalination plants. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 268–281. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐renaturing enzymes: Design of an enzyme‐chaperone chimera as a new approach to enzyme stabilization
Authors: Bergeron Lisa M. , Gomez Lizabeth , Whitehead Timothy A. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMolecular chaperones in aqueous‐organic mixtures can broaden the utility of biocatalysis by stabilizing enzymes in denaturing conditions. We have designed a self‐renaturing enzyme‐chaperone chimera consisting of penicillin amidase and a thermophilic chaperonin that functions in aqueous‐organic mixtures. The flexible linker separating the enzyme and chaperone domains was optimized and the design was extended to incorporate a chitin binding domain to facilitate immobilization of the chimera to a chitin support. The initial specific activity of penicillin amidase was not compromised by the enzyme‐chaperone fusion or by immobilization. The total turnover number of immobilized chimera for amoxicillin synthesis in aqueous‐methanol mixtures was 2.8 times higher after 95 h than the total turnover number of the immobilized penicillin amidase lacking a chaperone domain. Similarly, in 32% methanol the soluble chimera was active for over three times longer than the enzyme alone. This approach could easily be extended to other enzyme systems. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1316–1322. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.