bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avian species richness and abundance at Lake Constance: diverging long-term trends in Passerines and Nonpasserines
Authors: Bauer Hans-Günther , Lemoine Nicole , Peintinger Markus 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn Central Europe, massive losses in species richness of breeding birds have been documented in the last decades, but the question arises whether species richness is currently still decreasing or again increasing due to conservation efforts. In this study, we investigated regional and local species richness as well as mean number of breeding pairs and mean biomass per tetrad over a period of some 20 years at Lake Constance. Three quantitative censuses of 303 tetrads (2 × 2 km2) repeated at 10-year intervals (1980–1981, 1990–1992, 2000–2002) revealed an increase in regional species richness (total number of breeding species). At the same time, however, a strong decline in local species richness (number of breeding species per tetrad), number of breeding pairs, and estimated biomass were observed. Changes of species richness differed markedly between Nonpasserine and Passerine birds. Whereas species richness of Nonpasserines remained constant from 1980 to 1990, and even increased between 1990 and 2000, that of Passerines decreased in both periods. This indicates that effects of conservation efforts apparently eclipse more general effects of climate and habitat change in Nonpasserines. The massive abundance and biomass losses observed in formerly common Passerine species are not compensated by gains in populations of Nonpasserine species. The results of the three bird censuses at Lake Constance imply that ongoing habitat degradation and human impacts as well as increasing effects of climate change are the main drivers of the observed population changes.
The Importance of Program Evaluation: How Can it be Applied to Diverse Genetics Education Settings?
Authors: Metcalfe Sylvia A. , Aitken MaryAnne , Gaff Clara L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe role of a genetic counselor often entails providing education to patient, community and/or health professional groups. While counseling supervision assists genetic counselors to be reflective about their clinical work and to enhance clinical skills, evaluation is a rather analogous process in the provision of education. Program evaluation of education activities can be applied to provide information about the needs of the target group (needs assessment), the delivery of the program (process evaluation) as well as determining the extent to which the education activity has met its intended aims (summative evaluation). Evaluation assists the educator to assess the impact of their program and provides an evidence base about genetics education. Although program evaluation can be a complex activity, the tools are ones that can be used by individuals to evaluate single or simple education activities. The components of evaluation are discussed with reference to genetic counseling practice and three very different examples of actual evaluations are provided to illustrate the diversity of evaluation strategy and programs to which it can be applied.
Genetics Education for Health Professionals: Strategies and Outcomes from a National Initiative in the United Kingdom
Authors: Farndon Peter A. , Bennett Catherine 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe National Health Service (NHS) National Genetics Education and Development Centre was established by the Department of Health in 2004 to help drive and co‐ordinate genetics education for health professionals working outside specialist genetic services. This paper reviews the experiences and lessons learned to date. At the outset, it was clear that understanding the learning ethos, preferred delivery methods and attitudes towards genetics of different NHS healthcare groups was vital. We collected evidence by undertaking needs assessments with educators, practitioners and patients. We have determined the genetics knowledge, skills and attitudes which they said were needed and translated these into learning outcomes and workforce competences in a continuum of education. Beginning with core concepts introduced (and examined) pre‐registration, the continuum continues with development of concepts post‐registration as appropriate for role, leading to practical application and assessment of competences in the workplace. These are supported by a portfolio of resources which draw heavily on patient based scenarios to demonstrate to staff that genetics is relevant to their work, and to convince educators and policy makers that genetic education is likely to result in real clinical benefit. A long term educational policy, inclusive of learners, educationalists and their institutions must be evidence based, flexible and responsive to changes in workforce structure, provision of clinical services and conceptual and financial commitments to education. The engagement of national policy, regulatory and professional bodies is vital (www.geneticseducation.nhs.uk).
Styrene Solubilization and Adsolubilization on an Aluminum Oxide Surface Using Linker Molecules and Extended Surfactants
Authors: Charoensaeng Ampira , Sabatini David A. , Khaodhiar Sutha 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe impact of lipophilic linker and extended surfactant properties on admicelle formation and styrene adsolubilization were evaluated through adsorption and adsolubilization studies on aluminum oxide. While linker‐based systems achieved a higher maximum adsorption than extended surfactants, the extended surfactants reached maximum adsorption at a lower aqueous surfactant concentration. Results of solubilization and adsolubilization studies are summarized by the extent of solute solubilization into micelles and admicelles, as captured through the micellar partition coefficient, Kmic, and the admicellar partition coefficient, Kadm. The extended‐surfactant‐based micelles showed greater solubilization capacity than linker‐based micelles. Relative to the effect of the number of propoxy groups for extended surfactants with the same alkyl chain length, the results show that the solubilization capacity increases when the PO number increases for both C12,13‐ and C14,15‐based surfactant series. Thus, adsolubilization using extended‐surfactant‐based admicelles showed adsolubilization enhancement but required lower amounts of surfactants to form admicelles. These results thus provide insights into external and internal linker‐based and extended‐surfactant‐based admicellar systems and highlight the differences observed between them and admicelles based on conventional surfactant systems.
Possibilities of Fisherman’s Friend Type Lozenges Fortification with Omega‐3 LC PUFA by Addition of Microencapsulated Fish Oil
Authors: Kolanowski Wojciech , Weißbrodt Jenny 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fish oil powder addition on sensory quality and oxidative stability of Fisherman’s Friend type lozenges. Microencapsulated fish oil (MFO) was used for lozenge formulation. Sensory quality of the moderate and strong mint flavored lozenges was not significantly affected by fish oil powder addition up to 60 and 80 g kg−1, respectively. Higher MFO addition resulted in significant reduction in the sensory quality and increases in fishy off‐flavor intensity. During 4 months of storage in air permeable packages, a gradual decrease in sensory quality and an increase in fishy off‐flavor were detected in lozenges containing MFO, which were more significant in moderately flavored than in strongly flavored ones. The peroxide value increased significantly during air storage. However, the peroxide value of vacuum stored samples increased slightly whereas sensory scores remained stable. A recommendation to pack and store the MFO lozenges under limited oxygen is suggested due to the low stability of the MFO product. A dose of 5 lozenges fortified with MFO might provide 40 mg of omega‐3 LC PUFA elevating its average level in the diet.
Second-order analysis for optimal control problems with pure state constraints and mixed control-state constraints
Authors: Bonnans J. Frédéric , Hermant Audrey 
Published: February 2008

This paper deals with the optimal control problem of an ordinary differential equation with several pure state constraints, of arbitrary orders, as well as mixed control-state constraints. We assume (i) the control to be continuous and the strengthened Legendre–Clebsch condition to hold, and (ii) a linear independence condition of the active constraints at their respective order to hold. We give a complete analysis of the smoothness and junction conditions of the control and of the constraints multipliers. This allows us to obtain, when there are finitely many nontangential junction points, a theory of no-gap second-order optimality conditions and a characterization of the well-posedness of the shooting algorithm. These results generalize those obtained in the case of a scalar-valued state constraint and a scalar-valued control.

Résumé
Dans cet article on s'intéresse au problème de commande optimale d'une équation différentielle ordinaire avec plusieures contraintes pures sur l'état, d'ordres quelconques, et des contraintes mixtes sur la commande et sur l'état. On suppose que (i) la commande est continue et la condition forte de Legendre–Clebsch satisfaite, et (ii) une condition d'indépendance linéaire des contraintes actives est satisfaite. Des résultats de régularité des solutions et multiplicateurs et des conditions de jonction sont donnés. Lorsqu'il y a un nombre fini de points de jonction, on obtient des conditions d'optimalité du second-ordre nécessaires ou suffisantes, ainsi qu'une caractérisation du caractère bien posé de l'algorithme de tir. Ces résultats généralisent les résultats obtenus dans le cas d'une contrainte sur l'état et d'une commande scalaires.
Non‐enzymatic fast repair of DNA oxidative damage might also exist in cells
Authors: Zhang Qi , Pan Jing , Zhao Chenyang , Wang Yuan , Jia Zhongjian , Zheng Rongliang 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMany studies have shown that in a chemical system natural polyphenols can rapidly repair DNA oxidative damage. In this paper we report that in a cellular system the non‐enzymatic fast repair activities of two natural polyphenols might also exist. The viability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line (AA8) highly expressing the XRCC1 gene (a DNA repairing protein) treated with H2O2 is significantly higher than that of a normal Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO). Following inhibition of the enzymatic repair system by different inhibitors—methoxyamine (MX), 3‐aminobenzamide (3AB) or nicotinamide (NIC)—DNA oxidative damage by H2O2 increased 2–5‐fold in both cell lines. However, when natural polyphenols—rosmarinic acid (RA) or verbascoside (VER)—were added, DNA oxidative damage was significantly reduced. This decrease of DNA oxidative damage by RA or VER is not due to their scavenging activity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) because cells suffered from heavy ROS throughout the whole experimental process. Therefore, the decrease of DNA damage might be due to their non‐enzymatic fast repair mechanisms. Further investigation showed that H2O2 induced a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and that RA and VER were able to attenuate the drop. Previous studies have shown that H2O2 initiates a chain of events in cells, involving mtDNA damage, a drop in MMP and loss of repair activity. These results, taken together with our present results, suggest that the non‐enzymatic fast repair mechanism exists not only in chemical systems but also might exist in cells.
In vitro odontoblast‐like cell differentiation of cranial neural crest cells induced by fibroblast growth factor 8 and dentin non‐collagen proteins
Authors: Jiang Hong‐Bing , Tian Wei‐Dong , Liu Lai‐Kui , Xu Yan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDuring tooth development, cranial neural crest (CNC) cells represent a population of pluripotent stem cells that give rise to various dental tissues. This study aimed to investigate whether CNC cells could differentiate into odontoblast‐like cells by in vitro induction. CNC cells were isolated from explants of cranial neural tubes and cultured in serum‐free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F12 medium which contained fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and dentin non‐collagen proteins (DNCP). The initiation of controlled differentiation was determined using histological assays, and the expression of specific gene phenotypes was detected using immunocytochemical staining and reverse transcription—polymerase chain reaction (RT—PCR). The first branchial arch phenotype of the CNC cells demonstrated negative Hoxa2 expression and positive vimentin expression in the presence of 100 ng/ml FGF8. Following DNCP induction, the CNC cells became bipolar, demonstrated high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and formed mineralized nodules. In addition, the expression of DSPP, DMP1, and collagen type I confirmed the odontoblast phenotype. The results indicate that the tissue‐specific cellular differentiation (odontoblast‐like cells) of early‐stage embryonic‐derived cells (such as CNC cells) can be induced by adult extracellular matrix proteins (such as DNCP). CNC cells may be used as a valuable cell model for research on dental tissue differentiation and regeneration.
HALL'S CONDITION AND IDEMPOTENT RANK OF IDEALS OF ENDOMORPHISM MONOIDS
Authors: Gray R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn 1990, Howie and McFadden showed that every proper two-sided ideal of the full transformation monoid $T_n$, the set of all maps from an $n$-set to itself under composition, has a generating set, consisting of idempotents, that is no larger than any other generating set. This fact is a direct consequence of the same property holding in an associated finite $0$-simple semigroup. We show a correspondence between finite $0$-simple semigroups that have this property and bipartite graphs that satisfy a condition that is similar to, but slightly stronger than, Hall's condition. The results are applied in order to recover the above result for the full transformation monoid and to prove the analogous result for the proper two-sided ideals of the monoid of endomorphisms of a finite vector space.
THE OPERATOR SHIFT SPACE
Authors: Oikhberg Timur 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe construct and examine an operator space $X$, isometric to $\ell_2$, such that every completely bounded map from its subspace $Y$ into $X$ is a compact perturbation of a linear combination of multiples of a shift of given multiplicity and their adjoints. Moreover, every completely bounded map on $X$ is a Hilbert–Schmidt perturbation of such a linear combination.
SOME INEQUALITIES FOR THE GENERALIZED GRÖTZSCH FUNCTION
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Gendi , Chu Yuming 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFor $a\in(0,\tfrac12]$ and $r\in(0,1)$, let $\mu_a(r)$ be the so-called generalized Grötzsch function which appears in Ramanujan's generalized modular equations. In this paper, several sharp inequalities for $\mu_a(r)$ are obtained and a conjecture on $\mu_a(r)$, which was presented by Qiu and Vuorinen in 1999, is proved.
ON THE ASPHERICITY OF LENGTH-6 RELATIVE PRESENTATIONS WITH TORSION-FREE COEFFICIENTS
Authors: Kim Seong Kun 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn interesting result of Ivanov implies that a non-aspherical relative presentation that defines a torsion-free group would provide a potential counterexample to the Kaplansky zero-divisor conjecture. In this point of view, we prove the asphericity of the length-6 relative presentation $\langle H,x: xh_1xh_2xh_3xh_4xh_5xh_6\rangle$, provided that each coefficient is torsion free.
INEQUALITIES OF THE HILBERT TYPE IN $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ WITH NON-CONJUGATE EXPONENTS
Authors: Čižmešija Aleksandra , Perić Ivan , Vuković Predrag 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper we state and prove a new general Hilbert-type inequality in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ with $k\geq2$ non-conjugate exponents. Using Selberg's integral formula, this result is then applied to obtain explicit upper bounds for the doubly weighted Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality and some further Hilbert-type inequalities for $k$ non-negative functions and non-conjugate exponents.
AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO HEAT KERNEL ESTIMATES ON STRONGLY RECURRENT METRIC SPACES
Authors: Hu Jiaxin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper we prove that sub-Gaussian estimates of heat kernels of regular Dirichlet forms are equivalent to the regularity of measures, two-sided bounds of effective resistances and the locality of semigroups, on strongly recurrent compact metric spaces. Upper bounds of effective resistances imply the compact embedding theorem for domains of Dirichlet forms, and give rise to the existence of Green functions with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. Green functions play an important role in our analysis. Our emphasis in this paper is on the analytic aspects of deriving two-sided sub-Gaussian bounds of heat kernels. We also give the probabilistic interpretation for each of the main analytic steps.
ON $m$-ACCRETIVE SCHRÖDINGER OPERATORS IN $L^1$-SPACES ON MANIFOLDS OF BOUNDED GEOMETRY
Authors: Milatovic Ognjen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLet $(M,g)$ be a manifold of bounded geometry with metric $g$. We consider a Schrödinger-type differential expression $H=\Delta_M+V$, where $\Delta_M$ is the scalar Laplacian on $M$ and $V$ is a non-negative locally integrable function on $M$. We give a sufficient condition for $H$ to have an $m$-accretive realization in the space $L^1(M)$.špace{-4pt}
SOME NEW IMMERSION RESULTS FOR COMPLEX PROJECTIVE SPACE
Authors: Davis Donald M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe prove the following two new optimal immersion results for complex projective space. First, if $n\equiv3\,\Mod 8$ but $n\not\equiv3\,\Mod 64$, and $\alpha(n)=7$, then $CP^{n}$ can be immersed in $\mathbb{R}^{4n-14}$. Second, if $n$ is even and $\alpha(n)=3$, then $CP^n$ can be immersed in $\mathbb{R}^{4n-4}$. Here $\alpha(n)$ denotes the number of 1s in the binary expansion of $n$. The first contradicts a result of Crabb, which said that such an immersion does not exist, apparently due to an arithmetical mistake. We combine Crabb's method with that developed by the author and Mahowald.
DEMOGRAPHIC DECOMPOSITION OF THE MARRIAGE MARKET IN ENGLAND AND WALES 1911–1991
Authors: BHROLCHÁIN MÁIRE NÍ 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA method for decomposing partner availability into its demographic components (preferences, previous birth trends, migration and mortality, and structure by marital status) is presented and applied to marriage market estimates for selected census years 1911–91 in England and Wales. Preferences are a key component at the youngest ages. The role of other factors varies by age and time period. Contrary to widespread assumption, variation in cohort sizes resulting from past fertility trends is not the dominant contributor to partner availability during this period. Mortality and migration effects tend to be larger than the effect of birth trends and the two marital status components are generally the largest in size. Determinants of intercensal change are similar to the cross-sectional picture. Reasons for the modest contribution of trends in annual births are discussed. Cohort effects on partner supply are not necessarily absent but could arise through a number of mechanisms.
RURAL, SUBURBAN AND URBAN DIFFERENCES IN THE SELF-DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: JONES ANTWAN , GOZA FRANKLIN 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThis study explores rural, suburban and urban differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) using the 2005 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey conducted in the United States. Although areal context is not often considered in morbidity studies, this study evaluates the importance of place of residence given that areas offer differential access to health infrastructures and different contextual factors that could affect health. Also examined is the role of geographic heterogeneity on the recent racial divergence in CHD in the United States. Results indicate that area of residence is associated with CHD diagnosis, net of health and demographic variables. The area-stratified analysis documents that rural residents are most impacted by exercise and smoking, while being male or above age 50 are most detrimental for suburban residents. In addition, the racial divergence in CHD is driven by differences in rural locales. These findings indicate a disparate impact of geography on CHD and highlight the need for health research to take into account areal context.
Jamaat-i-Islami in Bangladesh: Women, Democracy and the Transformation of Islamist Politics
Authors: SHEHABUDDIN ELORA 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article argues that leaders of the Jamaat-i-Islami in Bangladesh regularly invoke women's privileged status as mothers to counter the claims of the largely secularist non-governmental organizations operating in the country today that Islam has been harmful to women and that the only route to progress is to discard the shackles of religion and tradition. The current Jamaat rhetoric marks a significant change from the original Jamaat position—elaborated by the party's founder Abul Ala Maududi—that women's divinely ordained place is in the home. Now, several decades later, Jamaat leaders in Bangladesh still enjoin women to fulfil domestic obligations; however, they also go to great lengths to highlight Islam's recognition of women as ‘individuals’ with ‘individual’ responsibilities to God and Islam as well as Islam's support for women's right to study, work and vote. I contend that the Jamaat in Bangladesh has been prompted to undertake these recent modifications by specific developments in local social and political contexts, specifically the twin pressures on the Jamaat of operating in a functioning, if often imperfect, democratic polity; and of competing with more secular organizations for the hearts, minds and votes of impoverished women.
Phylogenetic relationships amongEimeriaspp. (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) infecting rabbits: evolutionary significance of biological and morphological features
Authors: KVIČEROVÁ J. , PAKANDL M. , HYPŠA V. 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYMonophyly of all 11 validEimeriaspecies from rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculusLinnaeus, 1758) was revealed based on nuclear 18S rDNA sequence data. This finding implies that these species, which vary considerably in terms of their morphology and biology, diversified on a single host or several closely related species. Phylogenetic analysis divided rabbitEimeriaspecies into 2 sister lineages, corresponding to the presence/absence of the oocyst residuum. Other morphological or biological traits (oocyst shape and size, presence/absence of oocyst inner structures, pathogenicity, infection site, pre-patent and patent periods, sporulation time, and number of asexual generations) do not explicitly correlate with the phylogeny of rabbit coccidia.
Finite-rank Bratteli–Vershik diagrams are expansive
Authors: DOWNAROWICZ TOMASZ , MAASS ALEJANDRO 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe representation of Cantor minimal systems by Bratteli–Vershik diagrams has been extensively used to study particular aspects of their dynamics. A main role has been played by the symbolic factors induced by the way vertices of a fixed level of the diagram are visited by the dynamics. The main result of this paper states that Cantor minimal systems that can be represented by Bratteli–Vershik diagrams with a uniformly bounded number of vertices at each level (called finite-rank systems) are either expansive or topologically conjugate to an odometer. More precisely, when expansive, they are topologically conjugate to one of their symbolic factors.