bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adding deductive logic to a COTS spreadsheet
Authors: TALLIS MARCELO , WALTZMAN RAND , BLAZER ROBERT 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe exploit the spreadsheet metaphor to make deductive problem-solving methods available to the vast population of spreadsheet end-users. In particular, we show how the function-based problem-solving capabilities of spreadsheets can be extended to include logical deductive methods in a way that is consistent with the existing spreadsheet ‘look and feel’. The foundation of our approach is the integration of a standard deductive logic system into a successful Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) spreadsheet. We have demonstrated this by designing and implementing an extension to Excel that manages the integration of Excel and a deductive logic engine based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard ontology language OWL + SWRL.
XcelLog: a deductive spreadsheet system
Authors: RAMAKRISHNAN C.R. , RAMAKRISHNAN I.V. , WARREN DAVID S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe promise of rule-based computing was to allow end-users to create, modify, and maintain applications without the need to engage programmers. But experience has shown that rule sets often interact in subtle ways, making them difficult to understand and reason about. This has impeded the widespread adoption of rule-based computing. This paper describes the design and implementation of XcelLog, a user-centered deductive spreadsheet system, to empower non-programmers to specify and manipulate rule-based systems. The driving idea underlying the system is to treat sets as the fundamental data type and rules as specifying relationships among sets, and use the spreadsheet metaphor to create and view the materialized sets. The fundamental feature that makes XcelLog suitable for non-programmers is that the user mainly sees the effect of the rules; when rules or basic facts change, the user sees the impact of the change immediately. This enables the user to gain confidence in the rules and their modification, and also experiment with what-if scenarios without any programming. Preliminary experience with using XcelLog indicates that it is indeed feasible to put the power of deductive spreadsheets for doing rule-based computing into the hands of end-users and do so without the requirement of programming or the constraints of canned application packages.
Educating Idiots: Utopian Ideals and Practical Organization Regarding Idiocy inside Nineteenth-Century French Asylums
Authors: Lachapelle Sofie 
Published: November 2007

ArgumentThroughout the nineteenth century, French alienists reflected on the nature of idiocy, on its causes and possible treatments. Central to this reflection was the question of education. Was it possible to teach a child idiot to develop physically, intellectually, and morally? Schools were established, wards were rearranged, and educational methods were suggested. The extent to which all of this succeeded is hard to assess. The optimistic tone of educational treatises was never reflected in the life in the asylum. By the end of the century, the dichotomy between theoretical ideals and practical reality came to a halt as both methodological treatises on education and pleas for funding ceased. Soon, idiots left the wards and their schools for new classes within the common school system. While the former practice had proved successful in improving the patients' abilities, it was claimed that it had failed to bring about the social integration for which alienists had once hoped. This final period marked a rupture in the treatment of idiocy, both in terms of space and organization from asylums to schools and from alienists to psychologists.
The Rhetoric of Informational Molecules: Authority and Promises in the Early Study of Molecular Evolution
Authors: Suárez Díaz Edna 
Published: November 2007

ArgumentThis paper explores the connection between the epistemic and the “political” dimensions of the metaphor of information during the early days of the study of Molecular Evolution. While preserving some of the meanings already documented in the history of molecular biology, the metaphor acquired a new, powerful use as a substitute for “history.” A rhetorical analysis of Emilé Zuckerkandl's paper, “Molecules as Documents of Evolutionary History,” highlights the ways in which epistemic claims on the validity and superiority of molecular evidence for evolution were intimately connected with authority issues in evolutionary biology. The debate is situated within the framework of the battle for resources between traditional evolutionists and molecular biologists at the beginning of the 1960s. The architects of evolutionary synthesis questioned the idea that molecular characters constitute “cleaner” and “more direct” evidence of evolution. Nevertheless, the information discourse constituted a productive space for the development of a new research program that, paradoxically, has made explicit the limitations of the information metaphor in reconstructing life's history.
The impact of treatment on 3 years' outcome for heroin dependence: findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS)
Authors: Teesson Maree , Mills Katherine , Ross Joanne , Darke Shane , Williamson Anna , Havard Alys 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTAim To examine the impact of treatment for heroin dependence on drug use, injection‐related risk‐taking, health problems, criminality and general physical and mental health over 3 years among heroin‐dependent Australians.Design Longitudinal prospective cohort study.Participants A total of 615 heroin users enrolled in the Australian Treatment Outcome Study; 94.5% of the sample completed at least one follow‐up interview over 36‐month follow‐up.Findings The proportion who reported using heroin in the preceding month continued to decrease significantly from baseline to 24‐month follow‐up (99% versus 35%), with this rate remaining stable to 36‐month follow‐up. The reduction in heroin use was accompanied by reductions in other drug use. There were also substantial reductions in risk‐taking, crime, injection‐related health problems and improvements in general physical and mental health. Positive outcomes were associated with more time in maintenance therapies and residential rehabilitation and fewer treatment episodes. Time spent in detoxification was not associated with positive outcomes. Major depression was also associated consistently with poorer outcome.Conclusions At 3 years, there were impressive reductions in drug use, criminality, psychopathology and injection‐related health problems following treatment exposure.
Alcohol, nightlife and violence: the relative contributions of drinking before and during nights out to negative health and criminal justice outcomes
Authors: Hughes Karen , Anderson Zara , Morleo Michela , Bellis Mark A. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTAims  To explore differences in alcohol consumption and negative nightlife experiences between young people who drink prior to attending city nightlife venues and those who do not drink until reaching bars and nightclubs.Design, setting and participants  A cross‐sectional survey of 380 young people (aged 18–35 years) in bars and nightclubs in a large city centre in the North‐west of England.Measurements  An anonymous questionnaire explored participants' basic demographics; frequency of utilizing nightlife; quantities of alcohol consumed prior to and during a typical night out in the city; and negative experiences in the city's nightlife in the previous year [fighting, being verbally abused, being sexually molested (e.g. groped) and being too drunk to walk].Findings  Participants who reported drinking prior to attending nightlife (e.g. at their own or a friend's home) reported significantly higher total alcohol consumption over a night out than those not drinking until reaching bars and nightclubs. Over a quarter (26.5%) of female and 15.4% of male alcohol consumption over a night out occurred prior to attending nightlife. Individuals who drink before going out were over four times more likely to report drinking >20 units on a usual night out and 2.5 times more likely to have been involved in a fight in the city's nightlife during the previous 12 months.Conclusions  Measures to tackle drunkenness and alcohol‐related violence in nightlife should expand beyond those targeted solely at nightlife environments. Continued disparities in pricing and policing of alcohol between on‐ and off‐licensed premises may increase at‐home drinking prior to nights out and alcohol‐related problems in residential areas.
Conditional models accounting for regression to the mean in observational multi‐wave panel studies on alcohol consumption
Authors: Ripatti Samuli , Mäkelä Pia 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTAims  To develop statistical methodology needed for studying whether effects of an acute‐onset intervention differ by consumption group that accounts correctly for the effect of regression to the mean (RTM) in observational panel studies with three or more measurement waves.Design  A general statistical modelling framework, based on conditional models, is presented for analysing alcohol panel data with three or more measurements, that models the dependence between initial drinking level and change in consumption controlling for RTM. The method is illustrated by panel data from Finland, southern Sweden and Denmark, where the effects of large changes in alcohol taxes and travellers' allowances were studied.Findings  The suggested model allows for drawing statistical inference of the parameters of interest and also the identification of non‐linear effects of an intervention by initial consumption using standard statistical software modelling tools. There was no evidence in any of the countries of the changes being larger among heavy drinkers, but in southern Sweden there was evidence that light drinkers raised their level of consumption.Conclusions  Conditional models are a versatile modelling framework that offers a flexible tool for modelling and testing changes due to intervention in consumption by initial consumption while controlling simultaneously for RTM.
Spectral models for solar-scaled and α-enhanced stellar populations
Authors: Coelho P. , Bruzual G. , Charlot S. , Weiss A. , Barbuy B. , Ferguson J. W. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
We present the first models allowing one to explore in a consistent way the influence of changes in the α-element-to-iron abundance ratio on the high-resolution spectral properties of evolving stellar populations. The models cover the wavelength range from 3000 Å to 1.34 μm at a constant resolution of full width at half-maximum (FWHM) = 1 Å and a sampling of 0.2 Å, for overall metallicities in the range 0.005 ≤Z≤ 0.048 and for stellar population ages between 3 and 14 Gyr. These models are based on a recent library of synthetic stellar spectra and a new library of stellar evolutionary tracks, both computed for three different iron abundances ([Fe/H]=−0.5, 0.0 and 0.2) and two different α-element-to-iron abundance ratios ([α/Fe]= 0.0 and 0.4). We expect our fully synthetic models to be primarily useful for evaluating the differential effect of changes in the α/Fe ratio on spectral properties such as broad-band colours and narrow spectral features. In addition, we assess the accuracy of absolute model predictions in two ways: first, by comparing the predictions of models for scaled-solar metal abundances ([α/Fe]= 0.0) to those of existing models based on libraries of observed stellar spectra; and secondly, by comparing the predictions of models for α-enhanced metal abundances ([α/Fe]= 0.4) to observed spectra of massive early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4. We find that our models predict accurate strengths for those spectral indices that are strongly sensitive to the abundances of Fe and α elements. The predictions are less reliable for the strengths of other spectral features, such as those dominated by the abundances of C and N, as expected from the fact that the models do not yet allow one to explore the influence of these elements in an independent way. We conclude that our models are a powerful tool for extracting new information about the chemical properties of galaxies for which high-quality spectra have been gathered by modern surveys.
Supernovae in the Subaru Deep Field: an initial sample and Type Ia rate out to redshift 1.6
Authors: Poznanski D. , Maoz D. , Yasuda N. , Foley R. J. , Doi M. , Filippenko A. V. , Fukugita M. , Gal-Yam A. , Jannuzi B. T. , Morokuma T. , Oda T. , Schweiker H. , Sharon K. , Silverman J. M. , Totani T. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Large samples of high-redshift supernovae (SNe) are potentially powerful probes of cosmic star formation, metal enrichment and SN physics. We present initial results from a new deep SN survey, based on re-imaging in the R, i′, z′ bands, of the 0.25 deg2 Subaru Deep Field (SDF), with the 8.2-m Subaru telescope and Suprime-Cam. In a single new epoch consisting of two nights of observations, we have discovered 33 candidate SNe, down to a z′-band magnitude of 26.3 (AB). We have measured the photometric redshifts of the SN host galaxies, obtained Keck spectroscopic redshifts for 17 of the host galaxies and classified the SNe using the Bayesian photometric algorithm of Poznanski et al. that relies on template matching. After correcting for biases in the classification, 55 per cent of our sample consists of Type Ia SNe and 45 per cent of core-collapse SNe. The redshift distribution of the SNe Ia reaches z≈ 1.6, with a median of z≈ 1.2. The core-collapse SNe reach z≈ 1.0, with a median of z≈ 0.5. Our SN sample is comparable to the Hubble Space Telescope/Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) sample in both size and redshift range. The redshift distributions of the SNe in the SDF and in GOODS are consistent, but there is a trend (which requires confirmation using a larger sample) for more high-z SNe Ia in the SDF. This trend is also apparent when comparing the SN Ia rates we derive to those based on GOODS data. Our results suggest a fairly constant rate at high redshift that could be tracking the star formation rate. Additional epochs on this field, already being obtained, will enlarge our SN sample to the hundreds, and determine whether or not there is a decline in the SN Ia rate at z≳ 1.
Compact stellar systems around NGC 1399
Authors: Firth P. , Drinkwater M. J. , Evstigneeva E. A. , Gregg M. D. , Karick A. M. , Jones J. B. , Phillipps S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
We have obtained spectroscopic redshifts of colour-selected point sources in four wide area VLT-FLAMES (Very Large Telescope-Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph) fields around the Fornax cluster giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1399, identifying as cluster members 27 previously unknown faint compact stellar systems (CSS), and improving redshift accuracy for 23 previously catalogued CSS.
By amalgamating our results with CSS from previous 2dF observations and excluding CSS dynamically associated with prominent (non-dwarf) galaxies surrounding NGC 1399, we have isolated 80 ‘unbound’ systems that are either part of NGC  1399's globular cluster (GC) system or intracluster GCs. For these unbound systems, we find (i) they are mostly located off the main stellar locus in colour–colour space; (ii) their projected distribution about NGC  1399 is anisotropic, following the Fornax cluster galaxy distribution, and there is weak evidence for group rotation about NGC  1399; (iii) their completeness-adjusted radial surface density profile has a slope similar to that of NGC  1399's inner GC system; (iv) their mean heliocentric recessional velocity is between that of NGC  1399's inner GCs and that of the surrounding dwarf galaxies, but their velocity dispersion is significantly lower; (v) bright CSS (MV &lt; −11) are slightly redder than the fainter systems, suggesting they have higher metallicity; (vi) CSS show no significant trend in g′−i′ colour index with radial distance from NGC  1399.
Arterial stiffness correlated with cardiac remodelling in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: WANG MING‐CHENG , TSAI WEI‐CHUAN , CHEN JU‐YI , CHENG MENG‐FU , HUANG JENG‐JONG 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARY:Background:  It is well known that both pressure and volume overloads contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left ventricular dilatation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies have evaluated the association between increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) and LVH in CKD patients not yet receiving dialysis. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between arterial stiffness and cardiac remodelling in patients with CKD, and to determine the independent factors associated with increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular volume index (LVVI).Methods:  This cross‐sectional study included 96 patients with CKD. Echocardiography and measurement of arterial stiffness by PWV were performed. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were compared and analysed.Results:  Associated with the increase of PWV, there were significant trends for progressive increase in LVMI, LVH, LVVI, left ventricular dilatation and left atrium in CKD patients. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that decreased PWV, in addition to increased haemoglobin and the use of β‐blocker, was an independent determinant associated with decrease in LVMI and LVVI.Conclusion:  Our study demonstrated the progressive structural remodelling of left ventricle and left atrium in CKD patients associated with increased severity of arterial stiffness. PWV was an important determinant of LVMI and LVVI in CKD patients.
Early postnatal renal growth in premature infants
Authors: HUANG HSIN‐PING , TSAI I‐JUNG , LAI YI‐CHUN , CHENG CHI‐HUI , TSAU YONG‐KWEI 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARY:Aims:  To assess postnatal kidney volume development and to compare the intrauterine and extrauterine kidney growth curves of premature infants.Methods:  One hundred neonates were enrolled in this study, and all infants had their kidney volumes measured by renal ultrasound examination. Group GA consisted of 44 neonates who were evaluated within 48 h after birth, and their gestational ages were used in the analysis. Group CA included 56 premature infants born before 34 weeks of gestation and was evaluated 14–96 days after birth, and their conceptional ages were used in the analysis. Left kidney volume, body weight, body height and age were used in the correlation analysis.Results:  There was a better kidney growth rate for Group GA infants than for Group CA infants (P = 0.001). Kidney volumes in Group CA infants were thus apparently larger than those of the Group GA infants before 31 weeks of age, but they were smaller after 31 weeks of age. Group GA infants had a significantly faster growth in body weight (P = 0.001) and body height (P < 0.001). However, a larger kidney volume was noted in Group CA infants with the same body weight (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  A chart is presented of the postnatal growth of normal kidney volume before 40 weeks conceptional age in premature infants. These data suggest that intrauterine growth may have a regulatory influence on kidney growth, and the reduced kidney volume in premature infants may result from the early extrauterine period.
Bilateral periocular psoriasis: an initial manifestation of acute generalized pustular psoriasis with coexistent Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Fernandes Merle , Vemuganti Geeta K , Rao Gullapalli N 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 21‐year‐old febrile lady presented to the emergency service with severe lid oedema, conjunctivitis, dry mouth and abdominal skin rash. Over 5 days, she developed silvery scales and pustules on the lids, and generalized pustules on an erythematous base. Multiple focal sterile corneal infiltrates were seen. Haematological investigations and a skin biopsy were done as the consulting dermatologist suspected acute generalized pustular psoriasis. In addition, secondary Sjögren's syndrome was diagnosed since she had keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate and positive antinuclear antibodies. The presence of microabscesses in the epidermis on skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pustular psoriasis. With oral methotrexate 7.5 mg weekly and topical corticosteroids, the acute condition gradually resolved; however, the keratoconjunctivitis sicca is persisting. Secondary Sjögren's syndrome associated with acute generalized pustular psoriasis and ocular psoriasis is extremely rare. Awareness of the ocular and dermatological features of these two conditions would result in earlier diagnosis and institution of appropriate treatment.
Retinal astrocytic hamartoma and Stargardt's disease: unusual association in a patient with ABCR mutation without phacomatosis
Authors: Bini Alessandro , Sodi Andrea , Passerini Ilaria , Menchini Ugo , Torricelli Francesca 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report the unusual association of a retinal astrocytic hamartoma and Stargardt's disease in a patient with ABCR mutation. A healthy 24‐year‐old man exhibited the typical fundus appearance of Stargardt's disease in both eyes, associated with a white, well‐circumscribed, elevated lesion in the inferotemporal area of the right eye. Molecular genetic examination of the ABCR gene detected three heterozygous missense mutations, described in the literature in association with Stargardt's disease. Optical coherence tomography, fluorangiography, electroretinography and B scan ultrasonography were performed. The clinical findings were consistent with the diagnosis of retinal astrocytic hamartoma. The connection between Stargardt's disease and this tumour has never been previously reported. The astrocytic hamartoma of our patient showed unusual clinical features. This association is probably incidental.
Sticky platelet syndrome and anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Randhawa Sandeep , Van Stavern Gregory P 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report a young patient who presented with nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy associated with the sticky platelet syndrome (SPS, a congenital prothrombotic disorder). A 15‐year‐old boy presented with a sudden, painless onset of a right inferior altitudinal visual field defect and marked optic disc oedema. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (including orbits), orbital ultrasound and haematological investigations including a routine hypercoagulability work‐up were negative. Further evaluation showed a positive assay for SPS which was confirmed on repeat testing. The SPS (characterized by platelet hyperaggregability and vascular occlusion) may be a potential thrombophilic risk factor for nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.
Metastatic breast carcinoma presenting as a conjunctival lesion
Authors: Skalicky Simon E , Hirst Lawrence W , Conway R Max 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMetastatic carcinoma to the conjunctiva is a rare tumour that reflects advanced disease with a poor prognosis. A case of conjunctival metastatic breast carcinoma is described which developed 9 months after the primary cancer was removed, and led to the detection of diffuse systemic malignancy. The tumour responded to intravenous chemotherapy.