bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term Tracking of Atherosclerosis in Operated and Unoperated Human Carotid Arteries by High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Martin Kirt , Brownfield Douglas , Karmonik Christof , Sanford Lee , Torres Lynne , Insull William , Morrisett Joel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntroductionA previous study demonstrated the efficacy of a phospholipid (PL) complexed with a protein (apoAI Milano) in causing 4.6% regression of atheroma volume as assessed by intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) in a group of 47 patients with carotid atherosclerosis. The results of this study raised the question of whether the phospholipid alone could produce a similar effect.MethodsTo answer this question a trial of 39 subjects at five sites was designed. Patients with > 15% stenosis of at least one carotid artery as determined by US underwent intravenous PL (200 mg/kg) or placebo infusions weekly for 8 weeks. The wall/outer wall ratio, percent lipid‐rich/necrotic core, and percent calcification were measured as a proportion of the vessel wall by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 0, 4, 8, and 14 weeks.ResultsThe substudy of seven of these patients evaluated at our site allowed comparison of the dimensions of five unoperated‐unoperated carotid pairs and two operated‐unoperated pairs. In patient 1, MRI measurements on unoperated left and unoperated right carotids tracked almost identically over the 14‐week study. Both carotids showed similar increases in the volumes of the total wall (+61% vs. 56%), the normal wall (+51% vs. 49%), and plaque (+99% vs. 85%). Both carotids showed similar decreases in lumen volume (−11% vs. −17%). The other four unoperated‐unoperated carotid pairs showed dimensional changes over 14 weeks similar to those of patient 1. In patient 2, who underwent left endarterectomy, the operated carotid had a total artery volume of 2300 mm3, about twofold greater than the unoperated carotid (1100 mm3). Operated and unoperated carotid measurements tracked in parallel. The unoperated carotid had volume increases of 25% (+200 mm3) in total wall, +19% (+100 mm3) in normal wall, and 43% (+75 mm3) in plaque. The operated carotid lumen showed no significant changes. Patient 7, who also underwent left endarterectomy, exhibited carotid changes similar to those of patient 2.ConclusionsIndividual unoperated carotid pairs have volumes that track almost identically. In unilateral operated carotid pairs, the operated artery has 1.5‐ to 2.0‐fold greater volume than unoperated carotids. In each of our two unilaterally operated patients, the operated carotid had decreased plaque volume (−3%, −58%), whereas the unoperated carotid had increased plaque volume (+43%, +7%). Among the five unoperated patients, one pair had 85%/99% increase in plaque volume; one pair had −15%/−10% decrease; and the other three pairs had intermediate changes. This study provides additional support to the view that unoperated human carotid arteries are bilaterally symmetrical.
Intrathyroid Parathyroid Adenoma in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Can It Be Predicted Preoperatively?
Authors: Abboud Bassam , Sleilaty Ghassan , Ayoub Selim , Hachem Kamal , Smayra Tarek , Ghorra Claude , Abadjian Gerard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntroductionThe role of cervical ultrasonography (US)‐guided surgery for intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma in primary hyperparathyroidism is rarely reported. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of cervical US in identifying this entity.MethodsFrom 1996 to 2003, cervical explorations were performed in 178 patients (mean age 57 years) with primary hyperparathyroidism. High‐resolution cervical US was performed in all of the patients. Patients’ characteristics were reviewed to identify predictive factors for intrathyroid adenoma.ResultsCervical US identified abnormal parathyroid glands in 163 of 178 patients, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%. Six patients (3.4%) were found to have intrathyroid parathyroid adenomas (two in the superior parathyroid and four in the inferior parathyroid). Cervical US predicted this anomaly in four of six patients (67%) in whom the thyroid gland was not nodular and allowed total enucleation of the adenoma to be performed in three and subtotal thyroid loboisthmectomy in three; these operations were performed uneventfully and rapidly. The PPV in this anomaly was 80%. Thirteen patients required postoperative calcium supplementation for 2 to 4 months, and all were normocalcemic at the time of the last clinic visit, with follow‐up varying from 12 to 96 months. On multivariable analysis, no factor predicted intrathyroid localization of parathyroid adenoma.ConclusionsThe PPV of high‐resolution cervical US for identifying an abnormal parathyroid gland was 100% in this series. It was 80% for predicting intrathyroid localization of the adenoma. This method allows us to shorten the operating time by guiding the exploration immediately toward the thyroid gland.
Platelets Promote Liver Regeneration in Early Period after Hepatectomy in Mice
Authors: Murata Soichiro , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro , Matsuo Ryota , Ikeda Osamu , Myronovych Andriy , Hoshi Reiko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundPlatelets contain several growth factors, including platelet‐derived growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor.Materials and methodsWe examined the effects of platelet increment on liver regeneration after 70% hepatectomy. Hepatectomies were carried out in male BALB/c mice, and subsequently divided into three groups: (i) untreated mice, (ii) thrombocytotic mice induced with thrombopoietin, and (iii) thrombocytopenic mice induced with anti‐platelet antibody. Growth kinetics in the liver were analyzed as a function of the liver/body weight ratio, the mitotic index, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index and Ki‐67 labeling index. Activation of signal transduction pathways relating to cell proliferation were examined, including the STAT3, Akt, and ERK1/2 pathways. Platelet accumulation in the residual liver was quantified by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsIn thrombocytotic and thrombocytopenic mice, liver/body weight ratios and Ki‐67 labeling indices were significantly increased and significantly decreased, respectively, compared with untreated mice 48 hours post‐hepatectomy. The Akt pathway was strongly activated, and platelet accumulation was significantly increased in thrombocytotic group 5 minutes post‐hepatectomy compared with normal and thrombocytopenic groups. After hepatectomy platelets accumulated in the sinusoids of liver and promoted hepatocyte proliferation in early period after hepatectomy.ConclusionBy increasing or decreasing the platelet, marked changes in liver regeneration can occur, due to differences in cellular signaling and mitosis.
Liver Resection for Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Thelen Armin , Jonas S. , Benckert C. , Lopez‐Hänninen E. , Rudolph B. , Neumann U. , Neuhaus P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of liver resection in patients with hepatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma and to identify selection criteria for patients suitable for resection.MethodsBetween January 1988 and March 2006, 31 patients underwent liver resection for metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Patients were identified from a prospective database and retrospectively reviewed. Patient, tumor, and operative parameters were analyzed for their influence on long‐term survival.ResultsThe overall 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 82.2%, 54.3%, and 38.9%, respectively. One patient was deceased and 4 developed complications during the postoperative course. In the univariate analysis, site of the primary tumor (P = 0.013), disease‐free interval (P = 0.012), and resection margins (P = 0.008) showed significant influence on long‐term survival. In the multivariate analysis, only the resection margins were identified as an independent prognostic factor after liver resection.ConclusionsLiver resection is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with hepatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma and offers the chance of long‐term survival and cure. Achieving a margin‐negative resection is the most important criterion in the selection of suitable patients for liver resection. However, the number of patients in the present study was small, and investigations of larger series may provide further prognostic parameters in these patients.
Prenatal Fatty Acid Status and Immune Development: The Pathways and the Evidence
Authors: Prescott Susan L. , Dunstan Janet A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis review explores the effects of dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on various aspects of early immune development and their potential role in the development or the prevention of immune disease. Modern diets have become increasingly rich in n‐6 LCPUFA and relatively n‐3 LCPUFA deficient. These potentially “pro‐inflammatory” dietary changes have clear implications for the immature and developing fetal immune system. It is now well known that immunological abnormalities precede the development of allergic disease and are frequently evident at birth or in the first months of life. This has lead to the hypothesis that potential effects of LCPUFA could be greatest in very early life before immune responses and clinical phenotype are established. Here we summarise the evidence that patterns of LCPUFA exposure in pregnancy can influence aspects of fetal immune in ways that are consistent with the immunological properties of these nutrients in adults. Specifically, human studies have shown that higher levels of n‐3 LCPUFA are associated with reduction in neonatal oxidative stress, reduced production of inflammatory leukotienne B4 (LTB4) and altered T cell function. Inverse correlations between n‐3 LCPUFA levels and neonatal T cell cytokine production, are consistent with adult studies showing reduction in T cell cytokine production with fish oil supplementation. At this stage the relevance of these effects in the prevention of disease is unclear. Although there have been no effects of postnatal fish oil supplementation (from 6 months of age) on allergy prevention, preliminary studies suggest possible merits in pregnancy and there are ongoing pregnancy intervention studies to address this more definitively.
The Effect of Partial Acylglycerols on the Exchange Between Liquid and Solid Tripalmitoylglycerol
Authors: Smith Paul R. , Furó István , Smith Kevin W. , Cain Fred 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExchange of molecules between liquid and solid components of a triacylglycerol (TAG) system is an important process in the degradation of many food components as well as for many industrial processes such as fractionation. NMR is a technique that can be used to measure the exchange between solid and liquid phases. In this work we show that monoacylglycerols (MAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG) have a retarding effect on the rate of exchange between solid and liquid TAG. In particular dipalmitoylglycerol significantly retards the rate of exchange. It is postulated that this result suggests that exchange occurs primarily through certain hotspots, probably kinks and defects on the crystal surface. MAG and, in particular, DAG can block these hotspots. It is suggested that because of their molecular structure they can partially co‐crystallize with the TAG crystal during the exchange process and then block further exchange.
Outcomes of septal surgery
Authors: Calder N J , Swan I R C 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective:To assess the change in health-related quality of life following septal surgery.Study design:Post-intervention, health-related quality of life questionnaire.Participants:Adult patients undergoing septal surgery, recruited from two sources (the Scottish ENT outcomes study and the North Glasgow National Health Service Trust) over an 18-month period.Main outcome measure:Glasgow benefit inventory score.Results:A total of 149 Glasgow benefit inventories were returned. Of these, 13 were incomplete and were thus excluded, leaving 136 to be analysed. The response rate from the Scottish ENT outcomes study patients was 55 per cent and the response rate from the North Glasgow National Health Service Trust patients was 41 per cent, giving an overall response rate of 49 per cent. The mean Glasgow benefit inventory score was 11.3 (standard deviation 20, 95 per cent confidence interval 7.8 to 14.7). This result was similar to those of other studies using the Glasgow benefit inventory to assess septal surgery outcomes.Conclusion:Patients reported minimal improvement in their health-related quality of life following septal surgery.
Efficacy of Gyrus diego® microdissector at varying oscillation speeds
Authors: Sim R J , McDonald S , Gillett S 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective:To determine the efficacy of the Gyrus diego® microdissector at increasing oscillation speeds, using an in vitro tissue model.Background:It had not previously been established whether microdissectors were more efficient at higher or lower speeds.Methods:We investigated the effect of varying microdissector oscillation speeds on the weight of material aspirated in a given time. A 4 mm straight blade was used with constant suction strength. Jelly and liver were used to simulate polyps and muscle plus connective tissue, respectively. Water was used as a control. Repeat readings were taken at speeds of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 rpm. Data were analysed using linear bivariate regression.Results:The results showed significant linear trends in the cases of liver and jelly, with faster cutter speeds being associated with higher aspiration rates.Conclusion. These results suggest that microdissector efficacy increases with speed, up to 5000 rpm.
Fibro-osseous lesion of the middle turbinate: ossifying fibroma or fibrous dysplasia?
Authors: Galvan O , Gassner E M , Neher A , Gunkel A R 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBenign fibro-osseous tumours of the head and neck region seldom appear in the midface and nasal cavity. Correct differential diagnosis of fibro-osseous tumours is crucial for adequate therapy, as their clinical aggressiveness seems to differ.The rather uncommon case of a 14-year-old boy with a tumour of the middle turbinate is presented. The radiologic appearance of the tumour, on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, was consistent with fibrous dysplasia. Angiography revealed extensive vascularisation of the tumour from both the internal and external carotid arteries. To avoid ipsilateral blindness following embolisation, a superselective embolisation of the supplying blood vessels was performed. The tumour was completely resected via an endoscopic approach. Histopathology revealed an ossifying fibroma.This case emphasises the importance of interpretation of the clinical, radiological and histological features before planning definitive treatment. Moreover, when fibro-osseous tumours are suspected, the possibility of extensive, complicated vascularisation must be considered. This case underwent radical resection, with no recurrence after four years' follow up.
Sacculo-collic response in otosclerosis and following successful stapes surgery
Authors: Stapleton E , Mills R , Tham J C 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntroduction:The sacculo-collic reflex is believed to be a short latency, otolith-mediated myogenic response to sound. With the application of air-conducted sound, one would expect an absent response in stapes fixation, as a fixed stapes footplate will not transmit a pressure wave to the saccule.Methods:Fifty patients (70 stapes surgery ears, 26 otosclerotic ears and four normal ears) and 40 controls underwent repeated sacculo-collic tests.Results:The results support the proposed mechanism for the sacculo-collic response. The study also suggests that, whilst stapedotomy piston prostheses are effective in the reversal of conductive hearing loss, they produce an insufficient pressure wave to elicit a myogenic response to sound.Conclusion:The sacculo-collic test could be a useful tool for screening otolith function and inferior vestibular nerve integrity, but further work is needed to determine the effect of stapes surgery on saccular function.
Idiopathic, inflammatory, medial meatal, fibrotising otitis presenting with lichen planus
Authors: Hopsu E , Pitkäranta A 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground:Background: Of the acquired ear canal atresias, idiopathic, inflammatory, medial meatal, fibrotising otitis has been suggested as a distinct disease entity, for reasons of aetiology.Objective:To report three more cases of idiopathic, inflammatory, medial meatal, fibrotising otitis and to further consider the possible relationship between this condition and lichen planus.Patients:Three adult patients with idiopathic, inflammatory, medial meatal, fibrotising otitis, two with bilateral aural symptoms, treated and followed up at the department of otorhinolaryngology of Helsinki University Hospital.Results:We found idiopathic, inflammatory, medial meatal, fibrotising otitis, affecting solely the glabrous skin of the osseous part of the external ear canals, in three patients who also suffered from severe oral lichen planus.Conclusions:The aetiopathology or pathophysiology of idiopathic, inflammatory, medial meatal, fibrotising otitis may be linked with lichen planus. Early, active treatment of idiopathic, inflammatory, medial meatal, fibrotising otitis with local corticosteroids may prevent total medial meatal atresia.
Seroprevalence ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in patients with chronic nonspecific pharyngitis: preliminary study
Authors: Aladag İ , Bulut Y , Guven M , Eyibilen A , Yelken K 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and objectives:Chronic nonspecific pharyngitis is a chronic inflammation of the pharynx. It is found worldwide, and treatment is difficult. The underlying aetiopathogenesis is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigateHelicobacter pyloriseroprevalence in chronic nonspecific pharyngitis patients without other possible causative factors for chronic pharyngeal irritation and withoutH pylorigastric mucosal infection.Materials and methods:Forty-one patients with symptoms of chronic nonspecific pharyngitis and 30 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this prospective, controlled, clinical study. In both study and control groups, selected patients were shown to have gastric mucosa uninfected byH pylori, as demonstrated by the 14C-urea breath test. Comprehensive otorhinolaryngological examination did not elicit any factor contributing to the chronic pharyngeal complaint. SerumH pyloriimmunoglobulin G antibody titres were assayed using serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The difference between the study and control groups was analysed by the chi-square test (the likelihood ratio was used).Results:Thirty-two of the 41 patients (78 per cent) and 14 of the 30 control subjects (46.7 per cent) were found to beH pyloripositive. Patients with chronic nonspecific pharyngitis were found to have a significantly higher rate ofH pyloriseropositivity than the control group (p = 0.016).Conclusion:These data may be important in developing future treatment strategies for chronic nonspecific pharyngitis.
Morbidity and mortality of post-tonsillectomy bleeding: analysis of cases
Authors: Cohen D , Dor M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives:To analyse the circumstances of mortality in post-tonsillectomy bleeding cases, in order to better manage serious problems during resuscitation.Design:Reports of inquiry committees on post-tonsillectomy mortalities.Setting:State of Israel Ministry of Health committees.Participants:Senior otolaryngologists and related professionals, and the involved medical staff who participated in the inquiry committees.Main outcomes measures:Identification of actions causing undesirable effects on resuscitation outcomes.Results:In recent years, the post-tonsillectomy mortality rate in Israel has been one in 12 000. The two main causes of death have been severe haemorrhagic shock and airway obstruction.Conclusions:Active bleeding should be treated, rather than waiting for spontaneous resolution. An efficient airway should be established early during resuscitation, either by intubation (within two minutes) or by cricothyroidotomy. The two main factors endangering the patient's life during resuscitation are severe blood loss, interfering with effective cardiac output, and airway obstruction. Blood loss should be quickly substituted.
Clinical presentation of postnatal and non-postnatal depressive episodes
Authors: COOPER CARLY , JONES LISA , DUNN EMMA , FORTY LIZ , HAQUE SAYEED , OYEBODE FEMI , CRADDOCK NICK , JONES IAN 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe relationship of postnatal (postpartum) depression (PND) to episodes of depression occurring at other times is not well understood. Despite a number of studies of clinical presentation, there is little consistency in the literature. We have undertaken within- and between-individual comparisons of the clinical presentation of postnatal (PN) and non-postnatal (NPN) depressive episodes in women with recurrent depression.MethodIn a sample of well-characterized, parous women meeting DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria for recurrent major depressive disorder, the clinical presentation of episodes of major depression with onset within 4 weeks of giving birth (PND group,n=50) were compared with (i) the non-postnatal episodes of women with PND, and (ii) episodes of major depression in parous women who had not experienced episodes of mood disorder in relation to childbirth (NPND group,n=132). In addition, the non-postnatal episodes of the PND group of women were compared with the depressive episodes of the NPND group.ResultsThe small number of differences found between PN and NPN depressive episodes, such as reduced early morning wakening in postnatal episodes, are likely to be explicable by the context of having a new baby rather than by any difference in the nature of the underlying depression.ConclusionsThe results do not point to substantial differences in clinical presentation between episodes of major depression occurring in relation to childbirth and at other times. Other avenues of research are therefore required to demonstrate a specific relationship between childbirth and depression.
Personality diatheses: a superior explanation than disorder
Authors: TYRER PETER 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTDiatheses confer vulnerability to disorder but are not necessarily manifest overtly or consistently. It is suggested that the main empirical findings of studies with abnormal personality support the notion that they are diatheses rather than disorders. This includes their onset early in life, their variability of expression dependent on setting, their greater association with more severe disorders and their acceptance as intrinsic components of functioning by most suffering from these conditions. It is argued that a separate axis of classification for personality diatheses rather than disorders is justified.