bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of decreasing PEEP on hyperinflation and collapse in COVID‐19: A computed tomography study
Authors: Santini Alessandro , Protti Alessandro , Pennati Francesca , Dalla Corte Francesca , Martinetti Nicolò , Pugliese Luca , Picardo Giorgio , Chiurazzi Chiara , Ferrari Michele , Costantini Elena , Aliverti Andrea , Cecconi Maurizio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP>10 cmH2O) is commonly used in mechanically ventilated hypoxemic patients with COVID‐19. However, some epidemiological and physiological studies indirectly suggest that using a lower PEEP may primarily and beneficially decrease lung hyperinflation in this population. Herein we directly quantified the effect of decreasing PEEP from 15 to 10 cmH2O on lung hyperinflation and collapse in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID‐19.MethodsTwenty mechanically ventilated patients with COVID‐19 underwent a lung computed tomography (CT) at PEEP of 15 and 10 cmH2O. The effect of decreasing PEEP on lung hyperinflation and collapse was directly quantified as the change in the over‐aerated (density below −900 HU) and non‐aerated (density above −100 HU) lung volumes. The net response to decreasing PEEP was computed as the sum of the change in those two compartments and expressed as the change in the “pathologic” lung volume. If the pathologic lung volume decreased (i.e., hyperinflation decreased more than collapse increased) when PEEP was decreased, the net response was considered positive; otherwise, it was considered negative.ResultsOn average, the ratio of arterial tension to inspiratory fraction of oxygen (PaO2:FiO2) in the overall study population was 137 (119–162) mmHg. In 11 (55%) patients, the net response to decreasing PEEP was positive. Their over‐aerated lung volume decreased by 159 (98–186) mL, while the non‐aerated lung volume increased by only 58 (31–91) mL. In nine (45%) patients, the net response was negative. Their over‐aerated lung volume decreased by 46 (18–72) mL, but their non‐aerated lung volume increased by 107 (44–121) mL.ConclusionIn 20 patients with COVID‐19 the net response to decreasing PEEP, as assessed with lung CT, was variable. In approximately half of them it was positive (and possibly beneficial), with a decrease in hyperinflation larger than the increase in collapse.
A de novo mutation in CACNA1A is associated with autosomal dominant bovine familial convulsions and ataxia in Angus cattle
Authors: Reith Rachel R. , Beever Jonathan E. , Paschal Joe C. , Banta Jason , Porter Brian F. , Steffen David J. , Hairgrove Thomas B. , Petersen Jessica L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBovine familial convulsions and ataxia (BFCA) is considered an autosomal dominant syndrome with incomplete penetrance. Nine Angus calves from the same herd were diagnosed with BFCA within days of birth. Necropsy revealed cerebellar and spinal cord lesions associated with the condition. Parentage testing confirmed that all affected calves had a common sire. The sire was then bred to 36 cows across two herds using artificial insemination, producing an additional 14 affected calves. The objective of this investigation was to identify hypothesized dominant genetic variation underlying the condition. Whole‐genome sequencing was performed on the sire, six affected and seven unaffected paternal half‐sibling calves and combined with data from 135 unrelated controls. The sire and five of the six affected calves were heterozygous for a nonsense variant (Chr7 g.12367906C>T, c.5073C>T, p.Arg1681*) in CACNA1A. The other affected calves (N = 8) were heterozygous for the variant but it was absent in the other unaffected calves (N = 7) and parents of the sire. This variant was also absent in sequence data from over 6500 other cattle obtained via public repositories and collaborator projects. The variant in CACNA1A is expressed in the cerebellum of the ataxic calves as detected in the transcriptome and was not differentially expressed compared with controls. The CACNA1A protein is part of a highly expressed cerebellar calcium voltage gated channel. The nonsense variant is proposed to cause haploinsufficiency, preventing proper transmission of neuronal signals through the channel and resulting in BFCA.
‘I was able to make a better decision about my health.’ Wāhine experiences of colposcopy at a marae‐based health clinic: A qualitative study
Authors: Ormandy Judy , Phillips Simon , Campbell Maringikura , Haenga‐Melvin Bernie , Phillips‐Govind Luana , Filoche Sara 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundEquitable access to colposcopy services is required if we are to realise the benefit of the introduction of human papilloma virus (HPV) screening in Aotearoa New Zealand. We piloted a community colposcopy clinic, co‐located at an urban marae health clinic.AimTo describe the experiences of wāhine (women) attending the marae‐based colposcopy clinic.MethodsAn in‐depth reflexive thematic analysis from 34 people's accounts was undertaken.ResultsFive themes were identified from the experiences of wāhine attending the clinic. Three themes related to how having a local clinic supported access: everyone was welcoming and friendly, the environment was familiar and non‐clinical and the clinic was accessible. The fourth theme related to how this contributed to agency. A fifth theme relates to wāhine views about informing the ongoing provision of colposcopy services. The experiences reflected the principles and values practised at the marae health clinic. Wāhine described feeling cared for as soon as they entered the clinic. As the clinic was local, and for some based at their marae, it was a known space where they knew the experience would be safe. Whānau were welcome with spaces for children to play. Being local meant there were fewer logistics to manage, all of which supported access.DiscussionPrioritising wāhine through the provision of culturally safe and accessible colposcopy is feasible. It has the potential to contribute to the elimination of cervical cancer in Aotearoa, New Zealand.
Surgical resection of adrenal metastasis from colorectal cancers: a systematic review
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ai Van Terresa , Wong Sze Ling , Ng Zi Qin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe decision for resection of adrenal metastasis from colorectal cancers remain controversial and there is no proposed standard treatment. The aim of the article is to review the available literature on outcomes and complications rates following adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis from colorectal cancer.MethodsRelevant papers were identified through electronic databases. Data was extracted independently by two authors on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet up to June 2023.ResultsA total of 55 studies were included in the final analysis (145 cases). A large proportion of patients had an uneventful postoperative recovery following surgical adrenalectomy. The mean length of follow up ranged from 2 months to 9.5 years. A total of 33 (22.8%) patients were alive and well with no evidence of local or systemic recurrence; 2 (1.4%) patients had recurrence in the bed of adrenalectomy; 2 (1.4%) patients were alive with recurrence in the contralateral adrenal gland; 4 (2.8%) patients were alive with extra‐adrenal metastasis, and 7 (4.8%) patients were alive and well with no comments regarding local and systemic recurrence. Post‐operative mortality following adrenalectomy was uncommon: 1 patient died due to systemic sepsis following anastomotic leak. 17.2% of patients died due to disease progression.ConclusionIf complete resection can be achieved, surgical adrenalectomy in the surgically fit patient should be strongly considered, especially in patients with solitary adrenal metastasis which may translate into survival benefits and potential surgical cure.
Speech analysis of teaching assistant interventions in small group collaborative problem solving with undergraduate engineering students
Authors: D'Angelo Cynthia M. , Rajarathinam Robin Jephthah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis descriptive study focuses on using voice activity detection (VAD) algorithms to extract student speech data in order to better understand the collaboration of small group work and the impact of teaching assistant (TA) interventions in undergraduate engineering discussion sections. Audio data were recorded from individual students wearing head‐mounted noise‐cancelling microphones. Video data of each student group were manually coded for collaborative behaviours (eg, group task relatedness, group verbal interaction and group talk content) of students and TA–student interactions. The analysis includes information about the turn taking, overall speech duration patterns and amounts of overlapping speech observed both when TAs were intervening with groups and when they were not. We found that TAs very rarely provided explicit support regarding collaboration. Key speech metrics, such as amount of turn overlap and maximum turn duration, revealed important information about the nature of student small group discussions and TA interventions. TA interactions during small group collaboration are complex and require nuanced treatments when considering the design of supportive tools.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Student turn taking can provide information about the nature of student discussions and collaboration.
Real classroom audio data of small groups typically have lots of background noise and present challenges for audio analysis.
TAs have little training in how to productively intervene with students about collaborative skills.
What this paper adds

TA interaction with groups primarily focused on task progress and understanding of concepts with negligible explicit support on building collaborative skills.
TAs intervened with the groups often which gave the students little time for uptake of their suggestions or deeper discussion.
Student turn overlap was higher without the presence of TAs.
Maximum turn duration can be an important real‐time turn metric to identify the least verbally active student participant in a group.
Implications for practice and/or policy

TA training should include information about how to monitor groups for collaborative behaviours and when and how they should intervene to provide feedback and support.
TA feedback systems should keep track of previous interventions by TAs (especially in contexts where there are multiple TAs facilitating) and the duration since previous intervention to ensure that TAs do not intervene with a group too frequently with little time for student uptake.
Maximum turn duration could be used as a real‐time metric to identify the least verbally active student in a group so that support could be provided to them by the TAs.
Exploring the origins of identity fusion: Shared emotional experience activates fusion with the group over time
Authors: Zabala Jon , Vázquez Alexandra , Conejero Susana , Pascual Aitziber 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIdentity fusion is a visceral feeling of oneness with a group, known to strongly motivate extreme pro‐group behaviour. However, the evidence on its causes is currently limited, primarily due to the prevalence of cross‐sectional research. To address this gap, this study analysed the evolution of fusion in response to a massive collective ritual, Korrika—a race in support of the Basque language—, over three time periods: before (n = 748) and immediately following participation (n = 402), and 7 weeks thereafter (n = 273). Furthermore, we explored the potential mediating roles of two key factors: perceived emotional synchrony, a sense of emotional unity among participants that emerges during collective rituals, and kama muta (moved by love), an unexplored emotion in relation to fusion, which arises from feelings of shared essence. The proportion of fused participants increased significantly after participation and remained stable for at least 7 weeks. Perceived emotional synchrony and kama muta apparently explained the effect of participants' behavioural involvement in the ritual on subsequent fusion, but only among those who were not previously fused with Korrika participants. We conclude that emotional processes during collective rituals play a fundamental role in the construction of identity fusion.
Rehabilitation for adults with an intellectual disability and mental health and behavioural complexities: A scoping review
Authors: Williams Jonathan , Shahzad Saman , Manandhar‐Richardson Mizla , Jaydeokar Sujeet , Bramwell Vicky , Garland Adam , Hutchinson Christine , Odiyoor Mahesh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere has been significant focus in the past decade on reducing admissions to assessment and treatment units for people with intellectual disabilities experiencing mental health or behavioural concerns. This has included the development of intensive support functions of National Health Service Learning Disability services to bolster community support and treatment for people at risk of admission. However, in recent years, there has been increased consideration of service development to include rehabilitation functions which would aim to proactively provide medium‐term additional input to individuals with a complexity of need. This input would aim to improve future trajectories and support the individuals to remain living a good life in their own community. This review focuses on community and in‐patient approaches to meeting a complexity of need.MethodA scoping review was carried out according to established best practice guidelines. Papers returned from the search were screened by the following inclusion criteria (a) Models or Outcomes of Rehabilitation; (b) Intellectual Disability Population; (c) Sample being 18 or above and (d) longer than short‐term stay/treatment, defined as 6 months or longer; and (e) Mental health and/or behaviour complexities. The search was conducted in electronic databases CINAHL, PsycInfo, Medline, Embase and Social Policy & Practice. Here, 3790 articles were initially identified and 27 were ultimately included in the review.FindingsThere are few studies evaluating rehabilitation for people with intellectual disabilities and mental health or behavioural concerns. There was some evidence that accessing assessment and treatment inpatient provision resulted in clinical improvements. Some studies demonstrated initial evidence that longer term rehabilitation was beneficial as a step‐down from inpatient care. Some key principles were identified in terms of rehabilitation approaches: the need for person‐centred creative approaches, suitable staff training, focus on building skills, and a focus on increasing quality of life.ConclusionThere are some indicators of what good rehabilitation services might comprise for people with an intellectual disability, who have rehabilitation needs. However, far more research and guidance are required in this area. In particular, it is unclear whether rehabilitation is best provided within an inpatient or community model, and further detail is required about optimal components of such rehabilitation.
Exploring long‐term outcomes of a peer support programme for parents* of children with disability in Australia
Authors: Lancaster Katharine , Kern Margaret L. , Harding Katherine , Bayasgalan Mogi , Janson Annick , Mahmic Sylvana , Bhopti Anoo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPeer support groups can offer parents of children with disability, positive well‐being outcomes. Peer support groups not only provide opportunities for connections with others with similar experiences but also provide resources and information, emotional support, a sense of belonging and may help reduce stress and isolation. Peer support groups are an established form of support existing within family centred practice. However, it is unclear whether peer support groups achieve the outcomes that they aim to deliver. Further, little is known about the longer‐term outcomes for parents attending such groups. This study aimed to explore the medium‐ and long‐term outcomes and experiences of parents who participated in a peer support programme (the Now and Next programme) for parents of children with disability. Well‐being data were collected at three timepoints (Ts): prior to commencing the programme (T1), immediately after completion of the programme (T2) and 6–30 months after completion of the programme (T3). Results of the study showed empowerment and well‐being improved from T1 to T2, with gains maintained at T3. Hope scores did not significantly change over time. Participants continued to set and achieve goals over time using resources from the programme. Improvements in parents' well‐being and empowerment scores were maintained in the longer‐term. Our study contributes to evidence confirming sustained long‐term outcomes of peer support programmes and demonstrates that building parent capacity, empowerment and well‐being has a lasting effect on the parents of children with disability.
Participation of adolescents with and without physical disabilities and chronic diseases: A comprehensive conceptualization
Authors: Bernard Marie , Hoffmann Laura , Richter Matthias , Völlm Carina , Fink Astrid , Dawal Britta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn 2001, the International Classification of Functioning and Disability (ICF) introduced participation as a main goal of rehabilitation processes. However, to date, a comprehensive concept of participation in the rehabilitative context is missing, particularly in German‐speaking countries. We thus aimed to refine and extend the existing concepts of participation in this brief communication.MethodsIn preceding studies, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with adolescents who either had chronic diseases and/or physical disabilities or had no impairments and focus groups with parents and experts. Based on these diverse perspectives and findings, we refine the term participation.ResultsParticipation is a construct that is embedded in a social context and consists of objective (i.e., attendance) and subjective (i.e., satisfaction and involvement) dimensions. These dimensions are reflected in different domains and areas that are relevant to adolescents' lives. In addition, the subjective relevance of respective areas in life needs to be regarded as a weighing component when evaluating participation.ConclusionOur results reflect international models on participation, refine the existing concept, and underline the multidimensional character of participation. These findings are urgently needed to develop appropriate instruments, for example, for assessing whether rehabilitative processes are effective regarding the goal of participation.
A Three Delays theoretical framework to describe social determinants as barriers to dental care
Authors: Ticku Shenam , Watrous Olivia , Burgess Danielle , Luo Yuanyuan Laura , DSouza Sabina , Simpson Catherine , King Kareem , Riedy Christine A. , Seymour Brittany 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe Three Delays model is a well‐established global public health framework for the utilization of obstetric services where each delay represents a series of factors affecting utilization: (1) Delay #1—Deciding to seek care, (2) Delay #2—Reaching an appropriate facility and (3) Delay #3—Receiving adequate care. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the application of the Three Delays model to dental service utilization and describe factors attributed to delayed utilization within this framework.MethodsThis study utilized a framework analysis, underpinned by the Three Delays model, to examine delays in dental care utilization. A criterion purposive sample of English‐speaking adults (18+ years) in Massachusetts and Florida, USA with limited dental care access was recruited. Data were collected via semi‐structured interviews conducted in two phases: 17 individual interviews, followed by interviews with a subset of five participants over 3 months (a total of 18 interviews). The analysis involved inductive thematic coding and systematic organization within the framework.ResultsMajor themes and subthemes were constructed from the participants' narratives, identified and categorized as factors in the Three Delays framework. Each of the delays was interrelated to the other two, and Delay #1 was the most common delay based on the participants' interviews. The themes and subthemes contributing to one or more delays included interpersonal communication, prior dental experience, financial considerations, childcare costs, social connection, technology literacy, time constraints, competing priorities, stressors such as eviction and immigration status and microaggressions including racism and stigma.ConclusionThe Three Delays model was applicable to the study of dental care utilization and factors that impact the decision to seek dental care, reaching an appropriate dental facility and receiving adequate dental care in this study context.
Influence of keratinized mucosa width on the resolution of peri‐implant mucositis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Blasi Gonzalo , Chierico Francesco , Amerio Ettore , Àlvarez Gerard , Isabal Sergio , Arredondo Alexandre , Blanc Vanessa , Nart José , Monje Alberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of peri‐implant diseases, driven by biofilm accumulation and influenced by factors such as the width of keratinized mucosa (KM), underscores the need for understanding their etiology and management.PurposeTo evaluate the association between the KM width and the clinical resolution of peri‐implant mucositis after mechanical therapy.Materials and methodsPatients with an implant diagnosed with peri‐implant mucositis were allocated to two groups: wide band of KM (WKM ≥ 2 mm) and narrow/no band of KM (NKM < 2 mm). Data and submucosa biofilm were collected at baseline and at 8, 12, and 24 weeks after nonsurgical therapy. A Brunner–Langer model was estimated for longitudinal data to evaluate and compare changes in any clinical parameter throughout follow‐up between both groups. Furthermore, the microbial profiles were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsA total of 38 implants were analyzed. At 24 weeks, bleeding on probing was substantially reduced in both groups, reaching statistical significance (p < 0.001). Treatment resulted in 23.9% less effective in achieving success for NKM. As such, NKM reduced the odds of disease resolution by 80% compared to WKM. The rest of the explored clinical parameters yielded more favorable outcomes for WKM versus NKM. Neither the alpha nor the beta diversity of the microbial profiles were significantly modulated by KM.ConclusionsKM width influences the clinical resolution of peri‐implant mucositis after mechanical therapy (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04874467?cond=keratinized%20mucosa&rank=8, NCT04874467, 04/30/2021).