bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality characteristics and proneness to burnout: A study among psychiatrists
Authors: Naisberg‐Fennig Silvana , Fennig Shmuel , Keinan Giora , Elizur A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBurnout syndrome is commonly considered as resulting from prolonged emotional load. Thus, it has been hypothesized that people with certain personality characteristics which make them more liable to intense emotional arousal are likely to be burnout‐prone. Forty‐nine psychiatrists, residents and specialists from three hospitals participated in the study. The personality characteristics chosen weree: repression‐sensitization (RS), anxiety state (AS) and learned resourcefulness (LR), Also recorded were age, tenure at job, time in workplace, marital status, and country of origin. Burnout was found to be positively related to AS and to RS and negatively related to LR. Burnout was negatively correlated with tenure and years in place of employment (but not significantly).
Teachers' stress in Japanese primary schools: Comparison with workers in private companies
Authors: Hatta Takeshi , Nishiide Sachiyo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe levels and characteristics of stress in Japanese primary school teachers and white‐collar workers of private companies were compared. Two hundred and twenty‐four teachers and two hundred and fifty workers answered the stress test, which included subscales on subjective mood, social events, and physical conditions. The results indicated that the claim of lower stress in Japanese primary school teachers than in white‐collar workers was not true. The findings suggested an interaction between group and stress subscales: that is, teachers were experiencing severe mental stress while white‐collar workers were suffering from physical disease.
Psychosomatically induced death: Relative to stress, hypnosis, mind control, and voodoo: Review and possible mechanisms
Authors: Morse Donald R. , Martin John , Moshonov Joshua 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA common denominator in psychosomatically induced death is stress. Death can occur slowly, as from the preponderance of chronic stressors, or it can come on suddenly, as from an acute stressor. Sudden death is more likely in an individual with a preexistent serious medical condition such as hypertension, CAD, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcer, Cushing's disease, and bronchial asthma. Individuals are more prone to sudden death who are: (1) highly anxious; (2) hostile; (3) manipulative of the environment; (4) anger repressors; (5) rapid shifters between anxiety and depression; (6) sufferers of a recent major less; or (7) socially isolated. Most cases of sudden death are related to the presence of a severely stressful situation in which there appears to be no means of control or escape. With mind control, hypnosis, and voodoo curses, circumstances can be manipulated to achieve severe stress and uncontrollability.
Type a behaviour pattern of faculty choice among males and females in Singapore
Authors: Chew Irene K. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis exploratory study examined the characteristics of Type A behaviour pattern (TABP) among 341 undergraduates of three different faculties of a university in Singapore. It attempted to show if differences in faculty choice of males and females could be attributed to TABP. The findings of the article indicated that the choice of the faculty differs between male and female and that these differences are explained by the hostility trait of the TABP. The sample showed a high proportion of a Type A behaviour pattern. The tendency towards TABP was higher among females than males. It would appear that increased urbanization, such as in Singapore, is a Type A‐promoting social contingency.
Plasma beta‐endorphin, cortisol and norepinephrine responses to physical and metabolic stressors in young and elderly humans
Authors: Martignoni E. , Costa A. , Blandini F. , Petraglia F. , Facchinetti F. , d'Eril G. V. Melzi , Nappi G. , Genazzani A. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ageing on the activity of both the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic system in response to physical and metabolic stimuli. Eight young and eight elderly healthy subjects were studied. Three different tests were performed: handgrip, cold pressor and insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia. Plasma beta‐endorphin (β‐END), cortisol and norepinephrine (NEpi) levels were measured before and during the tests. While the two physical tests, handgrip and cold pressor, did not induce significant changes in plasma β‐END and cortisol levels, plasma NEpi levels rose in both young and aged subjects. The response of plasma NEpi was significantly higher in elderly than in young men. During the insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia, plasma β‐END, cortisol and NEpi values significantly increased in both young and elderly men, the group of elderly subjects showing an enhanced responsiveness of plasma NEpi levels.These data suggest that ageing is associated with an increased activity of the sympathetic system and a normal responsiveness of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis to the hypoglycaemic stress.
Stress and lambliasis in patients with respiratory allergic disease
Authors: Herrera Julian A. , De Herrera Myriam Arevalo , Hurtado Hugo , Herrera Socrates 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe association between stress, humoral and cellular immune response and intestinal parasites was evaluated in 102 patients in a randomized double‐blind study. Sixty‐four (62.7 per cent) presented respiratory allergic disease (RAD) at the time of the clinical and laboratory tests; the other 38 (37.3 per cent) were normal individuals. Higher levels of IgE associated with RAD were observed in patients with family dysfunction (p< 0.05). All the other immunological parameters that were measured — total B and T lymphocytes, helper (CD4) and suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8) T lymphocytes as well as IgG and IgA levels — were similar in both the allergic and the control groups. Twenty‐two patients (22.5 per cent) were positive forGiardia lamblia, 86.3 per cent of them suffering RAD (p< 0.03). Regression analysis showed that patients with high levels of IgE and eosinophilia were associated withG. lambliainfection. This study indicates a higher frequency of lambliasis in RAD and shows that family stress was significantly associated with this allergic condition.
Anxiety sensitivity in essential hypertension
Authors: Pagotto Uberto , Fallo Francesco , Fava Giovanni Andrea , Boscaro Marco , Sonino Nicoletta 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA possible role of anxiety in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension is still controversial. We included the new concept of anxiety sensitivity (ie fears of anxiety symptoms) in the psychometric evaluation of hypertensive patients. Twenty patients with essential hypertension successfully managed by nifedipine and 20 normal subjects were administered two self‐rating scales, the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). Compared to controls, hypertensive patients showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of anxiety sensitivity measured by ASI, and no differences in anxiety and well‐being measured by SQ. Increased anxiety sensitivity could be a consequence of the diagnosis of hypertension or constitute itself a predisposing factor for its development.
Preclinical evidence for the anxiolytic activity of 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists: A review
Authors: Olivier Berend , Mos Jan , Van Der Heyden Jan , Van Der Poel Guus , Tulp Martin , Slangen Jef , De Jonge Rian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFrom ancient history to present times, mankind has sought for anxiolytics, and various medications have been found and consequently used, at present culminating in heavy benzodiazepine use. Side‐effects such as dependence and tolerance have always induced the need, and accordingly the search, for new and better treatments. The 5‐HT1A receptor agonists like buspirone are an example of such new therapeutic agents. Whether or not those compounds will indeed be better as well remains to be seen. Recently another new class of putative anxiolytics has been proposed, the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists. The present article reviews the evidence for anxiolytic activity of this new class of compounds of animal models of anxiety. Compared to the established anxiolytics (benzodiazepines and, to a lesser extent, 5‐HT1A receptor agonists) 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists have a different anxiolytic profile. They are active in a limited number of animal models, they often are very potent and the ratio between therapeutic activity and side‐effects is remarkably large. No evidence for tolerance or rebound effects was found, which makes them an attractive alternative to the benzodiazepines. Preliminary human clinical data are controversial; some investigators have reported positive effects in anxiety, others have not been able to demonstrate this.
The Wheatley Stress Profile
Authors: Wheatley David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Wheatley Stress Profile (WSP) has been designed to quantify stress in nine areas: Social habits (drinking, smoking, etc.), Social relationships (at work, recreation, with a partner, close confidante, other people and personal appearance), Life events (either recent or in the past), Sexual (libido, relations with partner, physical and psychological problems, guilt, dyspareunia and fear of pregnancy for women), Psychiatric (Raskin‐Covi and Hamilton Rating Scales), Old age (isolation, failing senses and bodily functions, etc.), Menstrual (menstrual irregularities, PMS, menopause), and ‘Stress and the Heart’.
General versus specific measures of occupational stress: An Australian police survey
Authors: Evans Barry J , Coman Greg J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGroups of police officers from two Australian police forces completed a number of psychological tests to determine the stressors of police life and to assess the impact of a number of personality variables on stress appraisals. Work stresses were found to fall into two discernible categories: job content stressors — those which arise from the duties police officers carry out — and job context stressors — those which derive from the nature of the police organizations in which officers perform their duties. All personality measures correlated more highly with job context stressors than with job content stressors, suggesting that the major source of stress for police officers come from the organization in which they work.
The stress profile in China: A pilot study in patients with psychological disorders
Authors: Jianlin Ji , Wheatley David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe stress Profile was translated into Chinese and used as an instrument for assessment of stress in 20 Chinese patients and 28 normal subjects. The Chinese profile was then validated for reliability and also against the Hamilton anxiety and depression rating scales (HRSA and HRSD). Good correlations were recorded for the total and sub scores of the Stress Profile in test–retest and interrater reliabilities and there was a significant correlation with the HRSD, but not quite significant with the HRSA. However, after treatment, the correlations became significant with both Hamilton scales.
Combined use of hypnosis and emg biofeedback in the treatment of stress‐induced conditions
Authors: Elton Diana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHypnotherapy has been used successfully in the treatment of stress‐induced conditions. In this study the use of hypnosis is compared with the use of hypnosis plus EMG biofeedback in the framework of behavioural therapy. Twenty subjects, seven male and 13 female, mean age 37 years, suffering from stress and tension headaches were treated by hypnosis and behavioural therapy. Their results were compared with a group of 20 subjects, eight male and 12 female, mean age 33 years, who were given EMG biofeedback therapy in conjunction with the above treatments. There was no significant difference between the two groups on age, sex or social economic status and on stress and pain measures. Assessment was by measures on stress inventories and pain charts. The baseline measures were compared with the measures at week 12 and after 6 months. EMG biofeedback therapy was administered by placing electrodes on the subjects' forehead 30 ms prior to seeing the therapist. Both groups received 12 half‐hour sessions of hypnosis and behavioural psychotherapy. The biofeedback group received an additional 30 ms on biofeedback apparatus. The results indicated that both groups showed significant gains, but the hypnosis and biofeedback group showed better results and reported that they found it easier to accept hypnotic training and self‐regulation. The study indicates that EMG biofeedback has been useful in facilitating the treatment process and subsequent self‐improvement training of the subjects. Follow‐up study shows that both groups maintained most of their original gains.
Effective management of life stress: The resource–congruence model
Authors: Wong Paul T. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article questions traditional conceptions of stress and coping and presents a more comprehensive analysis of stress management. Sources of stress are expanded to include various intrapsychic and interpersonal stressors. The evolution of coping strategies is described, culminating in proactive, collective, creative, existential and spiritual coping. The resource–congruence model posits that coping is effective to the extent that appropriate resources are available and congruent coping strategies are employed. The model emphasizes the importance of developing resources in anticipation of exigencies, and the need for acquiring cultural knowledge as to what coping strategies are suitable for a given stressor.
Catecholamine‐associated changes in the state of leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation in the peripheral blood
Authors: Arber Nadir , Liberman Eliezer , Vered Yafa , Fink Gershon , Marom Edith , Sinai Yechezkel , Shiber Amir , Pinkhas Jack , Aronson Moshe , Berliner Shlomo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article further explores the effects of stress on leukocyte adhesiveness. The concentration of plasma catecholamines as well as the LAA values were examined in 16 volunteers during a cold pressor test and in 15 volunteers following physical activity. A significant correlation between LAA values and plasma norepinephrine, dopamine and epinephrine was noted. In addition, experimental studies of anaesthetized dogs infused with dopamine and norepinephrine showed increased LAA values, and an insulin‐induced hypoglycaemic animal model for adrenergic stress indicated an inverse correlation between serum glucose concentrations and LAA values. Finally, in the presence of an MAO inhibitor, norepinephrine significantly increased the state of LAA in vitro. Thus, there exists an association between adrenergic stress and the appearance of sticky leukocytes in the circulating pool. We assume that, at least in part, this stickiness results from a direct effect of the catecholamines on the adhesive properties of the cells. Other factors might be related to the decreased endothelial adhesiveness towards the white blood cells as well as the concomitant effect of other mediators released during stress. This study also supports our notion that the state of LAA in the peripheral blood can serve as a useful stress marker.
The influence of psychic stress and brain death on the intestinal receptor for the cobalamin–intrinsic factor complex in rats
Authors: Dugué B. , Gräsbeck R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of psychic stress on receptor activity. The model studied was the intestinal receptor for the intrinsic factor — cobalamin complex of the rat. Several kinds of stress tended to decrease the activity of the receptor, but not quite significantly. Brain death caused significant decrease. Pregnancy and oestradiol treatment were included as positive controls as they significantly increased receptor activity.
Brain wave synchronizers: A review of their stress reduction effects and clinical studies assessed by questionnaire, galvanic skin resistance, pulse rate, saliva, and electroencephalograph
Authors: Morse Donald R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPreviously, stress induced sudden cardiac death (SCD) was discussed along with methods that might help prevent its occurrence. In this article, emphasis is on one aspect of prevention — a recently reintroduced technique to induce the relaxation response: photostimulation dark goggles that purportedly act as a brain wave synchronizer (BWS). Relative to BWS, first a review of the literature is given; then a summary of a recently completed clinical study is presented. Next, the results of an ongoing clinical study are given. Following this, case studies are presented of assessment by galvanic skin resistance, pulse rate, and electroencephalograph. Finally, future directions are discussed.
Attitudes towards health and illness among exercisers and non‐exercisers
Authors: Kirkcaldy Bruce , Furnham Adrian , Shephard Roy 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo hundred working German adults (100 M, 100 F) of working age completed the German version of the questionnaire Attitudes Towards Health and Medicine. The sample was partitioned into those exercising on a regular basis (exercisers) and those who scarcely participated in physical exercise (non‐exercisers). There was no evidence that exercisers differed significantly from non‐exercisers on the subscales of health consciousness, nor did they differ on any of the subscales of provider control over personal health. Nevertheless, differences in health‐related attitudes between exercisers and non‐exercisers emerged when the moderating effects of age were considered (particularly on the scale ‘provider control over health’). The active younger adults were less sceptical regarding the value of medical advice, and further believed in their ability to control their own health. Furthermore, they expressed less nutritional concern but greater health consciousness than their sedentary peers. On the other hand, among the over‐40s, the exercisers displayed less respect for the health provider than did the non‐exercisers. Similarly, age had an impact on the leisure time‐health attitude relationship; high‐leisure middle‐aged adults (31–40 years) showed lower scores on provider control over health. It is suggested that particularly for middle‐aged individuals, insistence on medically supervised exercise prescription and programming offers an unnecessary barrier to exercise adoption and compliance.
Stress effects on the health of chief executives of business organizations
Authors: Robinson Paul , Inkson Kerr 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNinety‐eight chief executive officers of business organizations employing at least 150 staff completed a battery of questionnaires measuring chronic and episodic non‐work‐related and work‐related stressors; trait anxiety, locus of control, and type A/type B personality; health‐related lifestyle practices; and behaviours related to coping with stress. The medical history and blood pressure and blood chemistry measures of each respondent were assessed by a panel of medical experts and an index of physical health risk was computed. Factor analysis was used to refine measures of key dimensions of episodic and chronic work‐related stress, and coping behaviours. Physical health risk was regressed as a dependent variable on to the independent variables of stressors, personality traits, and coping and health behaviours. Fifty‐seven per cent of the variance in health risk was accounted for, with the four types of stressor, anxiety, lifestyle habits and ‘self‐control’ coping mechanisms all contributing to the regression equation. The results particularly indicated the contribution of non‐work‐related stressors to physical health risk, and the moderating effects of lifestyle habits.
Psychiatric morbidity in policemen and the effect of brief psychotherapeutic intervention — a pilot study
Authors: S. Ronald , Curtis David , Isaacs Geoffrey 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe level of psychiatric morbidity and perceived sources of stress among police officers were investigated using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and a stress situation questionnaire, which were sent to 171 officers. Half of the responders were invited to attend group counselling sessions weekly for 12 weeks. Outcome measures studied were a second GHQ completed at the end of the treatment period and the amounts of sick leave taken in the 12‐week period before, during and after the treatment period. The results were that 61 people returned the first GHQ of whom 59 were male and of whom 14 were classed as ‘cases’. Of the 31 assigned to the treatment group, 22 attended at least one session. Responses to the stress situation questionnaire and the content of counselling sessions tended to confirm the impression that internal aspects of the organization were viewed as prime sources of stress and dissatisfaction. There were no significant changes in GHQ score within or between groups, nor were there significant differences in the amount of sick leave taken. Nevertheless the sessions appeared to be valued and we conclude that this sort of intervention is at least feasible. We recommend that similar studies measure psychiatric morbidity during treatment and at follow‐up, rather than immediately after finishing, when reactions to this termination are prominent.
Towards an understanding of work satisfactions and emotional well‐being of school‐based educators
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Greenglass Esther R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examined a research model developed to understand work satisfaction and emotional and physical well‐being of teachers. Data were collected from 833 school‐based educators using questionnaires completed anonymously. Five groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: individual demographic and situational variables, work stressors, role conflict, social support and components of psychological burnout. Some support for the model was found. Individual demographic characteristics, work stressors and components of psychological burnout were strong predictors of work attitudes and emotional and physical health. Social support had little effect on these dependent variables.
Short‐term psychotherapy of acute adult onset post‐traumatic stress: The role of weltanschauung
Authors: Everly George S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWithin the science of psychotraumatology there is compelling evidence that the interpretation of a given traumatic event can serve to augment or mitigate the subsequent post‐traumatic psychiatric sequelae. Psychological traumata exert their greatest adverse impact by contradicting the weltanschauung, in this case the patient's concept or particular view of life regarding safety and security. This article discusses the nature and treatment of acute adult onset post‐traumatic stress by focusing upon the violation of the weltanschauung and strategies that may be of value in resolving that violation.
Symptom laterality and psychological presentation in chronic pain syndrome
Authors: Levine John B. , Weisgerber Karen , Nehme Anne‐Marie , Mitra Nina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examined whether a subgroup of chronic pain patients would evidence laterality of somatic pain complaints, and whether there would be a relationship between laterality and: (a) intensity of psychological distress and (b) type of psychological distress. MMPI profiles were obtained from 152 patients. Patients were also asked to localize their pain on the Body Pain Diagram. There was no overall difference in sidedness of complaints for this cohort. However, patients with relatively elevated MMPI profile patterns showed a strong tendency to lateralize their symptoms towards the left side of the body. In contrast, patients with a suppressed profile of the ‘conversion v’ variety evidenced laterality of pain complaints towards the right side of the body. Possible implications for a neuropsychological model of somatoform pain symptoms are discussed.