bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug Classification and Identification Method Based on X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning
Authors: FANG Zheng , LIU Peiyuan , CHEN Yinbin , CAI Yuheng , QIU Haoran , WANG Yihui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

With the emergence of new drugs, it is imperative to study new detection methods with higher detection speed and accuracy. Traditional detection methods require high requirements for detection instruments and environments, and are complex to operate. x-ray absorption spectroscopy NDT technology has the advantages of low operational difficulty, penetrating observation, and strong ability to differentiate substances, and is well suited for drug detection and identification. A combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, convolutional neural network (CNN), support vector machine (SVM) and improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) is used to achieve the classification and identification of drugs. Firstly, 14 chemical reagents with chemical formula similar to that of drugs are selected as experimental samples, and the X-ray absorption spectra of these 14 samples are obtained using X-ray detectors. Then, the features of the spectral data are extracted using CNN, and the SVM model is trained with the extracted features and the two important initial parameters of the SVM are optimized using IPSO with the introduction of weight decay. Finally, the trained model is applied to the test set and the performance is evaluated by several metrics. The experimental results show that the model not only makes the parameter-optimized traditional machine learning model SVM very effective and improves the prediction accuracy to 99.14%, but also avoids the disadvantages of high complexity, dramatically long running time and reduced efficiency due to the direct fusion of IPSO and SVM, and can be well applied to drug classification, which can substantially improve the recognition accuracy with almost constant The algorithm running efficiency can be improved substantially with almost the same recognition accuracy. Therefore, the combination of X-ray absorption spectrometry with CNN, IPSO and SVM can provide a fast, highly accurate and reliable classification and recognition method with broad application prospects in the field of drug detection and identification.
CCTS: O611.5 Literature Identification Code: A
Microenvironmental Regulation of Macropinocytosis Facilitates Extracellular Fluid Sampling
Authors: Renkawitz Jörg , Braun Malte , Reza Rifat , Kameritsch Petra , Ruiz-Fernandez Mauricio , Schmitt Madeleine , Shnipova Margarita , Krug Anne , Merrin Jack , Polleux Julien 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Cells sense chemical and mechanical signals within their local microenvironment. To sample for chemical signals, cells employ bulk extracellular fluid uptake through macropinocytosis in a receptor-independent manner. Although macropinocytosis occurs in microenvironments of multicellular organisms, it remains largely unknown whether and how the microenvironment itself regulates fluid sampling. Here, we reveal that the microenvironmental properties regulate fluid sampling by macropinocytosis. Using macrophages as constitutively sampling immune cells, we discover that macropinocytosis in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments is more efficient than on flat 2D surfaces. Enhanced macropinocytosis in 3D is driven by low adhesiveness to the cellular substrate, releasing the mechanical linkage between the cell and its surroundings, thereby facilitating the formation of actin-based membrane protrusions that sample the local substrate-free space. Mechanistically, we identify that the microenvironment regulates the utilization of macropinocytosis-competent actin networks, as the actin nucleating Arp2/3 complex and its regulator Hem1 particularly drive macropinocytosis in 3D. Our results establish microenvironmental properties as stimulators and regulators of macropinocytosis, providing important implications for fluid sampling during physiology, immunity, and diseases. Additionally, our findings identify a reciprocal relationship between the microenvironment and fluid sampling, wherein cells acquire information from the microenvironment by macropinocytosis, while this process, in turn, is regulated by the microenvironment.
Differences in Self-reported Signs Related to Central Sensitization and Pressure Pain Threshold Related to Knee Osteoarthritis and Sarcopenia
Authors: imai ryota , Tanaka So , Kubo Takanari , Hida mitsumasa , Nakao Hidetoshi , Imaoka Masakazu , Nishigami Tomohiko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Neuroinflammation, which occurs in knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia, has attracted attention as a mechanism of central sensitization, but the relationship between central sensitization and these conditions has not been widely studied. This study investigates differences in self-reported signs of central sensitization and pressure pain threshold in individuals with knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia.
Methods
We examined 340 patients with knee osteoarthritis scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty. For comparison, 129 community-dwelling elderly individuals without a history of knee osteoarthritis or any other diagnosed illnesses were matched for age and sex. The stages of sarcopenia were classified according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Pain-related factors were assessed by measurements including pain intensity, pain catastrophizing scale, central sensitization inventory-9, and pressure pain threshold. A two-way analysis of covariance was performed to assess outcome measurements.
Results
The prevalence of sarcopenia among patients with knee osteoarthritis was 56.7%. Patients with knee osteoarthritis had significantly increased central sensitization inventory-9 compared with sarcopenia, and there was no significant pressure pain threshold between patients with knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia. In addition, patients with knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia had significantly higher levels of pain-related factors compared to those with robust.
Conclusions
When contemplated as an evaluative tool in clinical settings, the central sensitization inventory − 9 may offer greater ease of use and interpretability compared to pressure pain threshold assessments for appraising symptoms of central sensitization in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Efficient Hybrid Encryption Algorithm for Securing Data in Cloud Environment
Authors: Bhat Aaqib Nisar , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Protecting sensitive data is crucial in the age of widespread data digitalization and cloud-based services. This paper proposes a unique hybrid encryption algorithm deployed and tested over the cloud platform. The algorithm is reinforced with the robust cryptographic combination of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest-Shamir–Adleman (RSA). By utilizing the inherent benefits of symmetric and asymmetric encryption, the algorithm aims to improve the efficiency and security of data at rest and data being transmitted in a cloud-based environment. When tested on varied-length files and large data, the proposed algorithm encrypts the data securely and quickly. Various attacks including brute force, cryptanalysis were performed in the deployed environment to test the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm. It is observed that the algorithm outperformed Diffie-Hellman algorithm in terms of speed of encryption and data security with a factor of 6%. The algorithm's robustness against different security risks and its flexibility in changing cloud situations through an extensive examination is proven. The results not only highlight the hybrid approach's efficacy but also support its possible use in practical applications, therefore launching a new wave of robust cloud-based data management systems.
Clinical characteristic, management, and outcomes of cervical spinal brucellosis: a retrospective cohort study over 1-year postoperative follow-up
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ma Lihua , Liu Hua , Zhang Lian , Yang Chengwei , Li Songkai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background The incidence of cervical spinal brucellosis is low, only a few case reports have been published, and case series are not widely reported in the medical literature. Therefore, clinical features, management, and outcomes of cervical spinal brucellosis are relatively unknown. In this series, the authors report 15 cases of patients with cervical spinal brucellosis, including clinical characteristic, imaging findings, management plans, the institution’s experience, and outcomes at 1 year postoperatively.
Methods The study reviewed the clinical and radiographic records of 15 patients who received antimicrobial pharmacotherapy, and anterior cervical debridement and fusion for cervical spinal brucellosis. The data collected included patient demographic characteristics, spinal level affected, abscess, neurology, pathological reports, duration and type of antimicrobial regimens, details of orthopedic management, and complications incurred during the procedure.
Results Neck pain (100%) and limb paralysis (86.7%) were the most common clinical presentations, and the disease had a rapid progression. The C6-7 segment was the most commonly affected segment, followed by C4-5 and C5-6.Imaging commonly revealed epidural or paravertebral abscesses (80%). There was a significant improvement in the VAS, JOA, and NDI scores three months after surgery, and the scores continued to improve until the final follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and postoperative scores (P < 0.05). The ESR and CRP levels returned to normal within three months postoperatively, being 7.7±4.5 mm/h and 7.55±3.48 mg/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the pre- and postoperative levels (P < 0.05). The positive rate of bacterial culture testing of pus or lesion tissues was only 40%, but blood cultures revealed an even lower positivity rate (33.3%). The average antimicrobial pharmacotherapy regimen duration was 6.1±1.9 months. All patients achieved intervertebral bone fusion within 8 months (4.8±1.4 months) after surgery and were cured with non-recurrence.
Conclusions Spinal brucellosis rarely affects the cervical region, but its impact is more dangerous due to potential complications such as paraplegia or tetraplegia arising from epidural abscesses that compress the spinal cord. Surgical debridement, along with essential antimicrobial therapy, is an effective strategy and can lead to satisfactory prognosis in managing cervical spinal brucellosis.
Neutropenia and its possible effect on the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapy in pregnant women in Mali
Authors: Djimde Moussa , Arama Charles , Diakité Hamadoun , Keita Mohamed , Koné Bouréma , Tembely Bréhima , Samaké Mamadou D. , Bagayoko Balla , Traoré Mohamed B. , Tshiongo Japhet Kabalu , Ntlapo Noluthando , Dicko Alassane , Vaillant Michel , Mens Petra F. , Schallig Henk D. F. H. , Kayentao Kassoum 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Reducing the burden of malaria in pregnant women remains a serious challenge for control programmes. A possible waning in immunity makes pregnant women more vulnerable to infectious diseases, including malaria. In this study, the effect of neutropenia on artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) effectiveness in clearing current Plasmodium falciparum infection and preventing reinfection after treatment was investigated.
Methods
Data for this study were obtained within the context of a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of pyronaridine-artesunate compared to other ACTs to treat malaria infection in African pregnant women (PYRAPREG). Participants were treated with either artemether-lumefantrine (AL, n1 = 188), dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP, n2 = 183), or pyronaridine-artesunate (PA, n3 = 174) and were followed for 63 days after treatment. Dynamics of neutrophil levels in the peripheral blood of the participants were measured during the 63-day follow-up. Based on the neutrophil counts, the pregnant women were classified as either neutropenic or non-neutropenic. A chi-square test was used to compare adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) rate according to neutrophil status.
Results
Without molecular correction at Day 28, the rate of ACPR was higher in the non-neutropenic pregnant women 96.6% (54/56) compared to neutropenic pregnant women 87.0% (114/131) in the AL arm; p = 0.038. However, ACPR did not vary according to neutrophil status in DP and PA treatment arms. In the DP treatment arm, ACPR was 97.2% (105/108) versus 98.6% (73/74) respectively in neutropenic and non-neutropenic pregnant women (p = 0.463). In the PA treatment arm, it was 99.1% (105/106) versus 98.5% (66/67) respectively in neutropenic and non-neutropenic pregnant women (p = 0.851). Molecular analysis revealed that there was no recrudescence during the 28-day follow-up, regardless of the treatment arm.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that lower peripheral blood neutrophil levels may decrease the prophylactic effectiveness of AL but not of DP or PA in pregnant women.
Facile Fabrication of Hollow Ag-Au Alloy Nanostructures Directly on Filter Paper and their Enhanced Catalytic and Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Shafique Saima , Arif Saira , Batool Unsia , Ahmed Israr , Khan Ghazanfar Ali , Nawaz Rabia , Imran Muhammad , Butt Haider , Ahmed Waqqar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Hollow noble metal alloy nanostructures have recently attracted great attention owing to their exceptional potential for various applications. These nanostructures are generally synthesized in solution. However, for several applications, their deposition on the substrate is needed. Herein, we present the novel synthesis of hollow Au-Ag alloy nanostructures directly on the filter paper. The synthesis was carried out in two steps. First, Ag nanostructures were directly grown on the filter paper by reducing the pre-deposited Ag ions with ascorbic acid, yielding Ag nanostructure substrate (AgNS-S). These NPs were subsequently etched with HAuCl4 exploiting the galvanic replacement reaction (GRR), which yielded hollow Au-Ag alloy nanostructure substrate (HANS-S). Owing to the enhanced surface area and the presence of a high concentration of atoms in the low coordination state, these HANS-S showed excellent catalytic and antibacterial properties. In particular, the rate constants of the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP), and the degradation of methyl orange (MO) increased by a factor of approximately 3.5 and 3.4, respectively, when employing HANS-S compared to utilizing AgNS-S. Similarly, the filter paper having hollow Au-Ag alloy nanostructures showed markedly superior antibacterial activity. While AgNS-S did not show any zone of inhibition (ZOI) outside the substrate, HANS-S showed notable ZOI for both S. aureus and E. coli, which verifies the antibacterial activity of these nanostructures against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Thermal Energy Conversion Using Niti Shape Memory Alloy Material
Authors: Abubakar Rabiu , Nuhu Ibrahim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a NiTi SMA heat engine is proposed. It converts thermal energy from a source of temperature different to mechanical energy. The Assumed temperature difference is (70 oC). The temperature is obtainable when the engine is used in a geothermal source. But if the engine is used for ocean thermal energy, incorporated solar or heat pumped will be used. The engine behavior is simulated, and the model is compared to experimental data. The engine developed a maximum driving force of 17.3N, a torque of 0.9Nm, and an efficiency of 4.51%.
Gestational exposure to organochlorine compounds and metals and infant birth weight: Effect modification by maternal hardships
Authors: Hu Janice M.Y. , Arbuckle Tye E. , Janssen Patricia A. , Lanphear Bruce P. , Alampi Joshua D. , Braun Joseph M. , MacFarlane Amanda J. , Chen Aimin , McCandless Lawrence C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Gestational exposure to toxic environmental chemicals and maternal social hardships are individually associated with impaired fetal growth, but it is unclear whether the effects of environmental chemical exposure on infant birth weight are modified by maternal hardships.
Methods
We used data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a pan-Canadian cohort of 1982 pregnant females enrolled between 2008 and 2011. We quantified eleven environmental chemical concentrations from two chemical classes – six organochlorine compounds (OCs) and five metals – that were detected in ≥ 70% of blood samples collected during the first trimester. Using birth weight adjusted for gestational age (GA) as our outcome, we assessed nine maternal hardships by questionnaire. Each maternal hardship variable was dichotomized to indicate whether the females experienced the hardship. In our analysis, we used elastic net to select the environmental chemicals, maternal hardships, and 2-way interactions between maternal hardships and environmental chemicals that were most predictive of birth weight. Next, we obtained effect estimates using multiple linear regression, and plotted the relationships by hardship status for visual interpretation.
Results
Elastic net selected trans-nonachlor, lead, low educational status, minority status, and low supplemental folic acid intake. All were inversely associated with birth weight. Elastic net also selected interaction terms. Among those with increasing environmental chemical exposures and reported hardships, we observed stronger negative associations and a few positive associations. For example, every two-fold increase in lead concentrations was more strongly associated with reduced infant birth weight among participants with low educational status (β = -100 grams (g); 95% confidence interval (CI): -215, 16), than those with higher educational status (β = -34 g; 95% CI: -63, -3). In contrast, every two-fold increase in mercury concentrations was associated with slightly higher birth weight among participants with low educational status (β = 23 g; 95% CI: -25, 71) compared to those with higher educational status (β = -9 g; 95% CI: -24, 6).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that maternal hardships can modify the associations of gestational exposure to some OCs and metals with infant birth weight.
Design and Analysis of Novel Sense Amplifier for bio- medical Applications
Authors: Bikki Pavankumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the realization of a novel sense amplifier for biomedical applications, with a primary focus on its application in cardiac pacemakers. The researchers focus on low-power biomedical devices, achieving this by advanced active devices like the Differential Voltage Current Conveyor (DVCC). In a pacemaker, both sensing and pacing functions are crucial. The sense amplifier consists of an instrumentation amplifier, a bandpass filter, and a comparator, enabling it to recognize the PQRST complex in the cardiac cycle. We introduce a novel model for the sense amplifier, employing a DVCC, and conduct analyses using the TSMC 130 nm technology. The gain of the current-mode instrumentation amplifier (CMIA) is 56.3, and the CMRR is 60.7. Moreover, the proposed design analysis addresses power dissipation, temperature, and noise. Furthermore, experiments performed with the analog IC AD844 have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed sense amplifier design. Additionally, we analyzed the ECG (electrocardiogram) signal by identifying its patterns. We have used the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) to determine the power spectrum and frequency response of the signal. Studies that looked at signal analysis in the literature used radix-2, SRFFT, and other algorithms. These can save up to 5.066% of power compared to using an FFT ASIC. Hence, we proposed a modified radix-2 approach for the low power spectrum of an ECG cycle. The Radix-2 customized method drastically reduces the number of computations, resulting in a low power consumption of 3.339 mW, and a leakage power of 1.272 mW. Furthermore, it would promote real-time adaptability and increase accuracy in pattern recognition for ECG signals. The results demonstrate that the new sense amplifier model achieves substantial gain and a CMRR, making it more efficient than previous versions.
Flexible hydrophobic association hydrogel prepared by xylan and lauryl methacrylate
Authors: Fan Xiaotong , Xiang Zhouyang , Li Pengfei , He Chao , Zhang Xiaoran , Hu Zhenhua , Liu Yushen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the possibility of xylan-based flexible hydrophobic association hydrogels. Lauryl methacrylate (LMA) was used as hydrophobic monomer. The effects of acrylamide (AM), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and LMA amounts on the mechanical properties of the hydrogels were investigated. The hydrogels showed better tensile strength (30 kPa ~ 341.8 kPa) and higher elongation at break (1726.7%~2964.5%). These results suggested that these hydrogels have good flexibility. Moreover, the hydrogels exhibited good thermal properties at the range of 30 ~ 80 ℃. These hydrogels with toughness, good water-retaining property and good thermal property would be applied in many fields.
Serum LGALS3BP is a potential biomarker for interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis
Authors: Huang Liuyi , Zhou Wei , Jiang Yanting , Zhu Haiqing , Lao Yuehong , Huang Xiaoxia , Deng Zhenjia , Tang Yuting , Wang Jian , Li Xi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the relationship between serum LGALS3BP levels and clinical features in patients with dermatomyositis (DM), emphasizing interstitial lung disease (ILD) and disease activity.
Methods
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of LGALS3BP in 63 patients diagnosed with DM, 21 patients diagnosed with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and 36 healthy controls (HC). Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of patients were collected retrospectively.
Results
Serum LGALS3BP levels were significantly higher in DM patients than in IMNM patients and HC (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001). Serum LGALS3BP levels among DM patients were significantly higher in those with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) compared to those without ILD (p < 0.001) or with chronic interstitial lung disease (C-ILD) (p = 0.007). LGALS3BP levels were negatively correlated with pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters, including FVC% (r = -0.639, p = 0.008), FEV1% (r = -0.594, p = 0.015), but not with DLco (r = -0.308, p = 0.264). In addition to ILD, serum LGALS3BP levels were elevated in DM patients with muscle involvement and dysphagia (p < 0.05). Serum LGALS3BP levels in DM patients were positively correlated with albumin, globulin, LDH, CRP, ESR, ferritin, IL-6, and VAS scores (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The aberrant expression of LGALS3BP in DM patients may be involved in the pathogenesis of DM-ILD, and additionally, LGALS3BP may be a promising biomarker for tracking disease activity, especially the severity of RP-ILD.