bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Associated with Imatinib
Authors: Liapis Konstantinos , Apostolidis John , Charitaki Evangelia , Panitsas Fotios , Harhalakis Nikolaos , Nikiforakis Emmanuel 
Published: November 2008

Objective: Despite the high prevalence of headache and migraine in the general population, many people do not receive adequate medical attention and treatment. Case Summary: A 29-year-old woman was diagnosed with Bcr-abl+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and treatment was initiated with chemotherapy and imatinib 800 mg daily. Following imatinib initiation, a gradual decrease in serum sodium level was noticed. Prolonged aplasia and neutropenic fever prompted discontinuation of therapy for 4 weeks. Following the patient's recovery, complete remission was achieved and monotherapy with imatinib 800 mg daily was restarted; however, hyponatremia recurred a few days later. The clinical findings and laboratory workup were compatible with the diagnosis of SIADH, which was attributed to high-dose imatinib. Fluid restriction and imatinib dosage reduction (to 600 mg/day) restored sodium levels. According to the Naranjo probability scale, this adverse reaction was probably associated with imatinib. Discussion: Imatinib emerged as the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor to enter everyday clinical practice for the treatment of Ph+ leukemias. Due to its molecular specificity, imatinib lacks the broad cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapy. Inhibition of kinases in normal tissues accounts for many of imatinib's adverse reactions. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of imatinib-induced SIADH. Conclusions: We recommend monitoring for SIADH if a patient receiving high-dose imatinib develops hyponatremia.
Scope, Completeness, and Accuracy of Drug Information in Wikipedia
Authors: Clauson Kevin A , Polen Hyla H , Boulos Maged N Kamel , Dzenowagis Joan H 
Published: November 2008

Background: With the advent of Web 2.0 technologies, user-edited online resources such as Wikipedia are increasingly tapped for information. However, there is little research on the quality of health information found in Wikipedia. Objective: To compare the scope, completeness, and accuracy of drug information in Wikipedia with that of a free, online, traditionally edited database (Medscape Drug Reference [MDR]). Methods: Wikipedia and MDR were assessed on 8 categories of drug information. Questions were constructed and answers were verified with authoritative resources, Wikipedia and MDR were evaluated according to scope (breadth of coverage) and completeness. Accuracy was tracked by factual errors and errors of omission. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the components. Fisher's exact test was used to compare scope and paired Student's Most was used to compare current results in Wikipedia with entries 90 days prior to the current access. Results: Wikipedia was able to answer significantly fewer drug information questions (40.0%) compared with MDR (82.5%; p <0.001). Wikipedia performed poorly regarding information on dosing, with a score of 0% versus the MDR score of 90.0%. Answers found in Wikipedia were 76.0% complete, white MDR provided answers that were 95.5% complete; overall, Wikipedia answers were less complete than those in Medscape (p <0.001). No factual errors were found in Wikipedia, whereas 4 answers in Medscape conflicted with the answer key; errors of omission were higher in Wikipedia (n = 48) than in MDR (n = 14). There was a marked improvement in Wikipedia over time, as current entries were superior to those 90 days prior (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Wikipedia has a more narrow scope, is less complete, and has more errors of omission than the comparator database. Wikipedia may be a useful point of engagement for consumers, but is not authoritative and should only be a supplemental source of drug information.
Example of an Energy Calibration Report on a Standard Penetration Test (ASTM Standard D 1586–67) Drill Rig
Authors: Schmertmann JH , Smith TV , Ho R 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
This note provides an example of an energy calibration report on standard penetration test equipment. This calibration was designed to determine a standard hammer drop height that would produce 2100 in.·lb (237 N·m) of compression wave energy entering the drill rods as a result of the average hammer blow when using drop procedures as ordinarily used for the rig under calibration.
Starting School at Four: The Effect of Universal Pre-Kindergarten on Children's Academic Achievement
Authors: Fitzpatrick Maria D 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Universal Pre-Kindergarten (Pre-K) programs differ from widely known and extensively evaluated programs like Head Start and Perry Preschool because access is open to all children of the appropriate age. To estimate the intent-to-treat effects of these programs on the long term educational achievement of children, I use a differences-in-differences framework and individual-level data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. For disadvantaged children residing in small towns and rural areas, Universal Pre-K availability increases both reading and mathematics test scores at fourth grade as well as the probability of students being on-grade for their age. Increases in some measures of achievement also were seen among other groups, though the patterns were less uniform across outcome measures. The results correspond with other work showing children living in less densely populated areas are those most likely to enroll in preschool because of the program's availability.
Physical Inactivity Differentially Alters Dietary Oleate and Palmitate Trafficking
Authors: Bergouignan Audrey , Trudel Guy , Simon Chantal , Chopard Angèle , Schoeller Dale A. , Momken Iman , Votruba Susanne B. , Desage Michel , Burdge Graham C. , Gauquelin-Koch Guillemette , Normand Sylvie , Blanc Stéphane 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE— Obesity and diabetes are characterized by the incapacity to use fat as fuel. We hypothesized that this reduced fat oxidation is secondary to a sedentary lifestyle.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We investigated the effect of a 2-month bed rest on the dietary oleate and palmitate trafficking in lean women (control group, n = 8) and the effect of concomitant resistance/aerobic exercise training as a countermeasure (exercise group, n = 8). Trafficking of stable isotope–labeled dietary fats was combined with muscle gene expression and magnetic resonance imaging–derived muscle fat content analyses.
RESULTS— In the control group, bed rest increased the cumulative [1-13C]oleate and [d31]palmitate appearance in triglycerides (37%, P = 0.009, and 34%, P = 0.016, respectively) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) (37%, P = 0.038, and 38%, P = 0.002) and decreased muscle lipoprotein lipase (P = 0.043) and fatty acid translocase CD36 (P = 0.043) mRNA expressions. Plasma NEFA-to-triglyceride ratios for [1-13C]oleate and [d31]palmitate remained unchanged, suggesting that the same proportion of tracers enters the peripheral tissues after bed rest. Bed rest did not affect [1-13C]oleate oxidation but decreased [d31]palmitate oxidation by −8.2 ± 4.9% (P &lt; 0.0001). Despite a decreased spontaneous energy intake and a reduction of 1.9 ± 0.3 kg (P = 0.001) in fat mass, exercise training did not mitigate these alterations but partially maintained fat-free mass, insulin sensitivity, and total lipid oxidation in fasting and fed states. In both groups, muscle fat content increased by 2.7% after bed rest and negatively correlated with the reduction in [d31]palmitate oxidation (r2 = 0.48, P = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS— While saturated and monounsaturated fats have similar plasma trafficking and clearance, physical inactivity affects the partitioning of saturated fats toward storage, likely leading to an accumulation of palmitate in muscle fat.
Small Decrements in Systemic Glucose Provoke Increases in Hypothalamic Blood Flow Prior to the Release of Counterregulatory Hormones
Authors: Page Kathleen A. , Arora Jagriti , Qiu Maolin , Relwani Rachna , Constable R. Todd , Sherwin Robert S. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—The hypothalamus is the central brain region responsible for sensing and integrating responses to changes in circulating glucose. The aim of this study was to determine the time sequence relationship between hypothalamic activation and the initiation of the counterregulatory hormonal response to small decrements in systemic glucose.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Nine nondiabetic volunteers underwent two hyperinsulinemic clamp sessions in which pulsed arterial spin labeling was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) at euglycemia (∼95 mg/dl) on one occasion and as glucose levels were declining to a nadir of ∼50 mg/dl on another occasion. Plasma glucose and counterregulatory hormones were measured during both study sessions.
RESULTS—CBF to the hypothalamus significantly increased when glucose levels decreased to 77.2 ± 2 mg/dl compared with the euglycemic control session when glucose levels were 95.7 ± 3 mg/dl (P = 0.0009). Hypothalamic perfusion was significantly increased before there was a significant elevation in counterregulatory hormones.
CONCLUSIONS—Our data suggest that the hypothalamus is exquisitely sensitive to small decrements in systemic glucose levels in healthy, nondiabetic subjects and that hypothalamic blood flow, and presumably neuronal activity, precedes the rise in counterregulatory hormones seen during hypoglycemia.
Relationship of Insulin Resistance and Related Metabolic Variables to Coronary Artery Disease: A Mathematical Analysis
Authors: Eddy David , Schlessinger Len , Kahn Richard , Peskin Barbara , Schiebinger Rick 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—People with diabetes have an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). An unanswered question is what portion of CAD can be attributed to insulin resistance, related metabolic variables, and other known CAD risk factors.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Archimedes model was used to estimate the proportion of myocardial infarctions that would be prevented by maintaining insulin resistance and other risk factors at healthy levels. Person-specific data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2004 were used to create a simulated population representative of young adults in the U.S. This population was then entered into a series of simulated clinical trials designed to explore the effects of each risk factor. Each trial had a control arm (all risk factors were allowed to progress without interventions) and a treatment arm (a risk factor was held to its value in young healthy adults). The trials continued for 60 years. The effects of these hypothetical “cures” of each risk factor provide estimates of their impact on CAD.
RESULTS—In young adults, preventing insulin resistance would prevent ∼42% of myocardial infarctions. The next most important determinant of CAD is systolic hypertension, prevention of which would reduce myocardial infarctions by ∼36%. Following systolic blood pressure, the most important determinants are HDL cholesterol (31%), BMI (21%), LDL cholesterol (16%), triglycerides (10%), fasting plasma glucose and smoking (both ∼9%), and family history (4%).
CONCLUSIONS—Insulin resistance is likely the most important single cause of CAD. A better understanding of its pathogenesis and how it might be prevented or cured could have a profound effect on CAD.
Will People With Type 2 Diabetes Speak to Family Members About Health Risk?
Authors: Whitford David L. , McGee Hannah , O’Sullivan Bernadette 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—This study aimed to assess the potential for communication of familial risk by patients with type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A questionnaire was completed by a random sample of patients with type 2 diabetes registered with a hospital diabetes clinic.
RESULTS—Two-thirds of patients (65%) had spoken to at least one sibling or child about diabetes risk. They were more likely to believe their family was at risk, to worry about their family developing diabetes, and to be aware of the seriousness of diabetes. The results revealed greater awareness of family risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those from previous studies.
CONCLUSIONS—Many patients with type 2 diabetes had already taken the initiative, without formal prompting, to talk to family members about their risk of diabetes. Discussion of risk and interventions to reduce risk should be encouraged within families.
Web-Based Collaborative Care for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ralston James D. , Hirsch Irl B. , Hoath James , Mullen Mary , Cheadle Allen , Goldberg Harold I. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—To test Web-based care management of glycemic control using a shared electronic medical record with patients who have type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a trial of 83 adults with type 2 diabetes randomized to receive usual care plus Web-based care management or usual care alone between August 2002 and May 2004. All patients had GHb ≥7.0%, had Web access from home, and could use a computer with English language–based programs. Intervention patients received 12 months of Web-based care management. The Web-based program included patient access to electronic medical records, secure e-mail with providers, feedback on blood glucose readings, an educational Web site, and an interactive online diary for entering information about exercise, diet, and medication. The primary outcome was change in GHb.
RESULTS—GHb levels declined by 0.7% (95% CI 0.2−1.3) on average among intervention patients compared with usual-care patients. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol levels, and use of in-person health care services did not differ between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS—Care management delivered through secure patient Web communications improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Fasting Versus Postload Plasma Glucose Concentration and the Risk for Future Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Abdul-Ghani Muhammad A. , Lyssenko Valeriya , Tuomi Tiinamaija , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Groop Leif 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the postload plasma glucose concentration in predicting future risk of type 2 diabetes, compared with prediction models based on measurement of the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 2,442 subjects from the Botnia Study, who were free of type 2 diabetes at baseline, received an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after 7–8 years of follow-up. Future risk for type 2 diabetes was assessed with area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for prediction models based up measurement of the FPG concentration 1) with or without a 1-h plasma glucose concentration during the OGTT and 2) with or without the metabolic syndrome.
RESULTS—Prediction models based on measurement of the FPG concentration were weak predictors for the risk of future type 2 diabetes. Addition of a 1-h plasma glucose concentration markedly enhanced prediction of the risk of future type 2 diabetes. A cut point of 155 mg/dl for the 1-h plasma glucose concentration during the OGTT and presence of the metabolic syndrome were used to stratify subjects in each glucose tolerance group into low, intermediate, and high risk for future type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS—The plasma glucose concentration at 1 h during the OGTT is a strong predictor of future risk for type 2 diabetes and adds to the prediction power of models based on measurements made during the fasting state. A plasma glucose cut point of 155 mg/dl plus the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for the metabolic syndrome can be used to stratify nondiabetic subjects into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups.
Hyperglycemia and Stroke Mortality
Authors: Hyvärinen Marjukka , Qiao Qing , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Laatikainen Tiina , Heine Robert J. , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Alberti K. George M.M. , Pyörälä Kalevi , Zethelius Björn , Stegmayr Birgitta ,   for the DECODE Study Group
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—We investigated stroke mortality in individuals in different categories of glycemia and compared hazard ratios (HRs) corresponding to a 1-SD increase in 2-h plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) criteria.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We examined data from 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests taken from 13 European cohorts comprising 11,844 (55%) men and 9,862 (45%) women who were followed up for a median of 10.5 years. A multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate HRs for stroke mortality.
RESULTS—In men and women without a prior history of diabetes, multivariate adjusted HRs for stroke mortality corresponding to a 1-SD increase in FPG were 1.02 (95% CI 0.83–1.25) and 1.52 (1.22–1.88) and those in 2-h plasma glucose 1.21 (1.06–1.38) and 1.31 (1.06–1.61), respectively. Addition of 2-h plasma glucose to the model with FPG significantly improved prediction of stroke mortality in men (χ2 = 10.12; P = 0.001) but not in women (χ2 = 0.01; P = 0.94), whereas addition of FPG to 2-h plasma glucose improved stroke mortality in women (χ2 = 4.08; P = 0.04) but not in men (χ2 = 3.29; P = 0.07).
CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes defined by either FPG or 2-h plasma glucose increases the risk of stroke mortality. In individuals without a history of diabetes, elevated 2-h postchallenge glucose is a better predictor than elevated fasting glucose in men, whereas the latter is better than the former in women.
Free-Living Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Is Strongly Related to Glucose Intolerance in Cameroonian Adults Independently of Obesity
Authors: Assah Felix K. , Ekelund Ulf , Brage Soren , Mbanya Jean Claude , Wareham Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—We examined the cross-sectional association between objectively measured free-living physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and glucose tolerance in adult Cameroonians without known diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—PAEE was measured in 34 volunteers using the doubly labeled water method and indirect calorimetry (resting). Fasting blood glucose and 2-h postload blood glucose were measured during a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.
RESULTS—There was a significant negative correlation between PAEE and 2-h glucose (r = −0.43; P = 0.01) but not fasting glucose (r = 0.1; P = 0.57). The inverse association between PAEE and 2-h glucose remained after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and BMI (β = −0.017 [95% CI −0.033 to −0.002]) and was unchanged after further adjustment for waist circumference, body fat percentage, or aerobic fitness.
CONCLUSIONS—PAEE is inversely associated with 2-h glucose independently of adiposity or fitness. Interventions aimed at increasing PAEE could play an important role in diabetes prevention in developing countries.
Perturbation of the lipid phase of a membrane is not involved in the modulation of MRP1 transport activity by flavonoids
Authors: Wesołowska Olga , Hendrich Andrzej , Łania-Pietrzak Barbara , Wiśniewski Jerzy , Molnar Joseph , Ocsovszki Imre , Michalak Krystyna 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe expression of transmembrane transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) confers the multidrug-resistant phenotype (MDR) on cancer cells. Since the activity of the other MDR transporter, P-glycoprotein, is sensitive to membrane perturbation, we aimed to check whether the changes in lipid bilayer properties induced by flavones (apigenin, acacetin) and flavonols (morin, myricetin) were related to their MRP1 inhibitory activity. All the flavonoids inhibited the efflux of MRP1 fluorescent substrate from human erythrocytes and breast cancer cells. Morin was also found to stimulate the ATPase activity of erythrocyte ghosts. All flavonoids intercalated into phosphatidylcholine bilayers as judged by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy with the use of two carbocyanine dyes. The model of an intramembrane localization for flavones and flavonols was proposed. No clear relationship was found between the membrane-perturbing activity of flavonoids and their potency to inhibit MRP1. We concluded that mechanisms other than perturbation of the lipid phase of membranes were responsible for inhibition of MRP1 by the flavonoids.
Chemometrical analysis of computed QSAR parameters and their use in biological activity prediction
Authors: Nemeček Peter , Ďurčeková Tatiana , Mocák Ján , Waisser Karel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study gives a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) correlation of the 72 N-benzylsalicylamide derivatives properties with their antimycobacterial activity. The antimycobacterial activity was measured as the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) determined for four strains of mycobacterium (M. avium, M. kansasii, M. kansasii clin.-clinically isolated form, and M. tuberculosis) after 14 days and after 21 days of cultivation. The objective was to identify the factors most closely defining biological activity of N-benzylsalicylamides, in order to enable QSAR prediction of new derivatives with high antimycobacterial activity. Optimal properties for the QSAR analysis were selected from several physicochemical properties, including lipophilicity parameter log P, molecular mass M, molar refraction MR, NMR chemical shifts, polarizability, etc. Many of the considered properties are different from those typically used in traditional QSAR. Selection of the most important properties was performed by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis using the significance coefficients and the correlation coefficients, respectively. The chosen variables were further used in artificial neural networks (ANN) for predicting biological activity in the form of-log(MIC).
Concurrent chemoradiation in treatment of carcinoma cervix
Authors: Singh Meeta , Jha Rajshree , Baral Josie , Rawal Suniti 
Published: November 2008

Aim: to compare if concurrent chemoradiation is better than radiotherapy given alone in the treatment of women with locally advanced cervical cancer from published literature Method: Study Design: Randomized control trials of > than 2, 403 women participants who underwent treatment for advanced cervical carcinoma mainly in two huge center i.e. from National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) were reviewed regarding the treatment they received at the center: concurrent chemoradiation/ radiation therapy alone. The results were analyzed to come to conclusion. Result demonstrated a 30-50% improvement in survival when cisplatin-based chemotherapy in NCI or 5 fluorouracil and cisplatin based chemotherapy was used in EORTC was administered with concurrent radiation therapy (chemoradiation) Conclusions: The addition of chemotherapy (cisplatin) in NCI and (cisplatin and fluorouracil) in the EORTC for the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer with the concurrent chemoradition have elicited better survival than those treated with radiotherapy alone dittoed by several other trials which can be anticipated to benefit Nepalese women with locally advanced cervical carcinoma. Key-words: Cancer cervix, chemoradiation, radiotherapy doi:10.3126/njog.v2i1.1467 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 4 - 8 May -June 2007