bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bactericidal effects of diode laser on Streptococcus mutans after irradiation through different thickness of dentin
Authors: Lee Bor‐Shiunn , Lin Yueh‐Wen , Chia Jean‐San , Hsieh Tseng‐Ting , Chen Min‐Huey , Lin Chun‐Pin , Lan Wan‐Hong 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA reliable method to eradicate the bacteria of residual carious dentin has not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of a diode laser on Streptococcus mutans through different thickness (500, 1,000, and 2,000 µm) of human dentin. The thermal effect of laser irradiation was also investigated.Study Design/Materials and MethodsDentin specimens were inoculated with 2 µl of S. mutans on one side and irradiated by a diode laser on the other side with a power output ranging from 0.5 to 7 W. The laser tip was swept with the whole irradiation area of 7 mm×3 mm at a speed of about 10 mm/second with a total irradiation time of 30 seconds. Cooling with distilled water (30 ml/minute) was applied simultaneously during laser irradiation. After laser irradiation, the bacteria was removed from the dentin surfaces and cultured for 48 hours at 37°C anaerobically to assess the colony forming units (CFU) per ml. The morphology of the lased bacteria and the temperature rise during laser irradiation were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and measured by thermocouple, respectively.ResultsThe results revealed that 7 W of laser power could kill 97.7% of CFU through 500 µm thickness of dentin. However, the bactericidal efficiency was significantly reduced as the dentin thickness was increased. The morphological changes of lased bacteria ranged from less affected such as loss of their wall bands and existence of minicells to more severely degenerated, such as disintegration and fusion of cells with pores on the cell wall. Only the dentin specimens with a thickness of 500 µm exhibited a temperature rise greater than 5.5°C after receiving 5 or 7 W of laser irradiation.ConclusionsA diode laser can eliminate the Streptococcus mutans of the residual carious dentin without inducing high pulpal temperature rise when the remaining dentin thickness is greater than 1 mm. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:62–69, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Training protocol for feline renal transplantation, using rat vascular anastomosis
Authors: Iwai Satomi , Endo Kaoru , Kobayashi Eiji 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRenal transplantation (RTx) has been a potential treatment for renal failure in pet cats. We developed a training protocol for the microsurgical skills required for feline RTx using rat vessels, which are the same size as the feline renal artery and vein. Using interrupted sutures, the transected abdominal aorta was reestablished in an end‐to‐end fashion. Venous anastomosis was performed with a continuous running suture in an end‐to‐side fashion between the portal vein and inferior vena cava. In the arterial anastomotic model, technical errors were checked by postoperative hemorrhaging. Those failures in the venous anastomotic model, technical errors were confirmed by the rat's death. Histological examinations of the epithelialization at the anastomotic site were evaluated in both groups. After training, nine cases of feline RTx were performed safely, using an adequate microsurgical technique. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 8–12, 2006.
Regulatory dendritic cells modulate immune responses via induction of T‐cell apoptotic death
Authors: Liang Xiaoyan , Chen Zongyou , Fung John J. , Qian Shiguang , Lu Lina 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe describe a regulatory lymphoid dendritic cell (LDC) population propagated from mouse liver nonparenchymal cells (NPC) in IL‐3 and anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibody that are phenotypically mature, and induce T‐cell hyporesponsiveness by promoting T‐cell apoptotic death, which is partially caspase‐dependent, but is unlikely to be mediated by soluble factor(s). In vivo administration of liver LDC significantly prolonged the survival of vascularized cardiac allografts in an alloantigen‐specific manner. This is associated with enhanced T‐cell death in secondary lymphoid organs. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 21–24, 2006.
Hemorheological follow‐up after splenectomy and spleen autotransplantation in mice
Authors: Miko Iren , Nemeth Norbert , Sipka Sandor , Brath Endre , Peto Katalin , Gulyas Adrienn< , Furka Istvan , Zhong Robert 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe previously reported on a spleen autotransplantation model in mice, with spleen function studies at 6 weeks. The present study was undertaken to investigate long‐term hemorheological functions. A/J and BALB/c inbred mice were divided into four groups: control, sham surgery (SH), splenectomy (SE), and spleen autotransplantation (AU). Hematological and hemorheological parameters were determined. Leukocyte counts in the SE and AU groups were significantly higher than in controls, while hematocrit levels were markedly lower. Mean erythrocyte volume did not change significantly. Platelet counts in the AU group were significantly lower, and red blood cell deformability was significantly worse in the SE group. The AU group also had increased cell transit time, but it was less than that in the SE group. The SE group showed the highest fibrinogen levels. We conclude that there are some consistent differences in hematological parameters between splenectomy and spleen autotransplantation. These data suggest that spleen autotransplantation may partially restore hemorheological functions following splenectomy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 38–42, 2006.
Distribution of peripheral blood cells in mice after splenectomy or autotransplantation
Authors: Sipka Sandor , Brath Endre , Toth Ferenc F. , Fabian Akos , Krizsan Csilla , Barath Sandor , Sipka Sandor , Nemeth Norbert , Balint Anita , Furka Istvan , Miko Iren 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOur aim was to compare the distribution changes of peripheral leukocytes and erythrocytes in splenectomized and spleen‐autotransplanted BALB/c female mice (n = 96), 2 and 8 months after surgery. In total, there were eight groups of animals: splenectomy, autotransplantation, sham, and untreated controls at both time points. We used the spleen‐apron method of Furka et al. (Khirurgiia (Mosk) 1989;9:125–127), inserting five spleen chips into the greater omentum, for autotransplantation. Quantitative and qualitative blood cell counts and the phagocytic activity of cells (stimulated with zymosan) were determined. In splenectomized animals, the number of neutrophils significantly increased 8 months after surgery. The greatest phagocytic activity of neutrophils, however, was observed in autotransplanted animals of the same age. In splenectomized animals, erythrocyte volumes were significantly higher in the second postoperative month, but normalized by the eighth month. In conclusion, spleen autotransplantation has some beneficial effects, including clearing erythrocytes and preserving the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in peripheral blood. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 43–49, 2006.
Murine fetal small‐intestine grafts: Morphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation
Authors: Saldanha De Almeida Carlos Eduardo , Ferreira De Oliveira Kátia , Bochetti Manna Mônica Cecília , Artigiani Ricardo , Koike Márcia Kiyomi , De Souza Montero Edna Frasson 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe investigated histopathological changes following murine fetal intestinal transplantation. Fetal intestine, obtained from a pregnant C57BL/6 mouse, was transplanted into BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice. Recipients were divided into three groups: isogeneic, and allogeneic treated with 3 mg/kg/day gangliosides (Allo‐a) or 9 mg/kg/day (Allo‐b). One week after transplant, all grafts showed good viability, confirmed by cellular mitosis in the mucosa and a well‐defined propria muscular layer. Isogeneic grafts showed a thicker muscular layer than in the Allo‐a (P = 0.02) and Allo‐b (P = 0.004) groups. There was no difference in number of mitotic cells among groups. Goblet cells were significantly reduced in allografts treated with 3 mg gangliosides (P = 0.013) or 9 mg gangliosides (P = 0.002) compared to isografts. Villi height was similar in all studied groups. There was no difference in positivity of the enteric nervous system among groups. Atrophy was more common in the allogeneic groups, suggesting that isografts had better development than allografts treated with gangliosides. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 61–64, 2006.
Is there a role for microsurgery in the prevention of arm lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment?
Authors: Campisi C. , Davini D. , Bellini C. , Taddei G. , Villa G. , Fulcheri E. , Zilli A. , Da Rin E. , Eretta C. , Boccardo F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe secondary lymphedema of the upper limb (post‐mastectomy lymphedema) has an incidence, in patients who underwent axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer, between 5 to 25%, up to 40% after radiotherapic treatment. We studied 50 patients treated for breast cancer. The patients were divided in two groups of 25 each, comparable for age, sex, pathology and treatment and followed up to 5 years after operation for breast. One group of 25 patients was controlled only clinically (physical examination, water volumetry) at 1‐3‐6 months and 1‐3‐5 years from breast cancer treatment. The other group of 25 patients was followed also by lymphatic scintigraphy performed pre‐operatively and after 1‐3‐6 months and 1‐3‐5 years from operation. In the first group, followed only clinically, lymphedema appeared in 9 patients after a period variable from 1 week to 2 years, with highest incidence between 3 and 6 months. In the second group of 25 patients, the preventive therapeutic protocol allowed to have a clinically evident arm lymphedema only in 2 patients. The comparison of the two groups of 25 patients proved a statistically significant difference in the appearance of arm secondary lymphedema (p = 0.01, using Fisher's exact test). The diagnostic and therapeutic preventive procedures allow to reduce the incidence rate of lymphedema significantly, in comparison with patients who did not undergo this protocol of prevention. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 70–72, 2006.
Intraocular Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a neonate resulting in bilateral loss of vision
Authors: Boztug Kaan , Frimpong‐Ansah Kwabena , Nanduri Vasanta Rao , Lawson Joanna , Russell‐Eggitt Isabelle , Brock Penelope 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIntraocular involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare. We describe the case of a neonate with congenital disseminated LCH involving skin, liver, spleen, and intraocular structures including uvea and retina. Early and aggressive treatment according to the LCH‐II treatment protocol was administered and resulted in remission of the disease. However, despite close follow‐up and additional local treatment, involvement of intraocular structures resulted in severe long‐term ophthalmological sequelae including complete bilateral loss of vision. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 47:633–635. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of refractory chronic disseminated candidiasis after prolonged administration of caspofungin in a child with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kontny Udo , Walsh Thomas J. , Rossler Jochen , Uhl Markus , Niemeyer Charlotte M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis report documents the clinical activity of caspofungin in a 13‐year‐old girl with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC), refractory to amphotericin B and fluconazole. Caspofungin was started at 50 mg/d resulting in a temporary response. With no further clinical improvement and radiological progress after 2 months of therapy, the dose of caspofungin was increased to 100 mg/d, leading to a sustained clinical response. Therapy was given for a total of 12 months and had no attributable adverse effects. This approach resulted in successful treatment of refractory CDC with caspofungin. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:360–362. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the molecular weight and architecture on the size and glass transition of arborescent polyisobutylenes
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Chen Yaohong , Kulbaba Kevin , Kaszas Gabor , Soleymannezhad Ali 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis article discusses the characterization of arborescent (hyperbranched) polyisobutylenes (arb‐PIBs) by size exclusion chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry, in comparison with linear PIB standards. The radius of gyration (〈r〉1/2 = Rz), measured from the angle dependence of light scattering of high‐molecular‐weight arb‐PIBs, was significantly larger than the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) from size exclusion chromatography/viscometry, and the Rh values were significantly smaller than Rh of linear PIBs. The glass‐transition temperature of arb‐PIBs having a branch molecular weight higher than the critical entanglement molecular weight was dependent on both the total number‐average molecular weight and BR up to BR ∼ 15. A modified Fox–Flory equation is proposed to describe the effect of architecture on the thermal transition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1770–1776, 2006
Cationic copolymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with phthalide or 3,3′‐diphtalide catalyzed by lanthanide triflates
Authors: Mas Cristina , Ramis Xavier , Salla Josep Maria , Mantecón Ana , Serra Angels 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMixtures of the diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and phthalide (PT) or 3,3′‐diphthalide (DPT) were cured using ytterbium or lanthanum triflate as catalyst. The curing was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared in attenuated‐total‐reflection mode (FTIR/ATR). FTIR/ATR was used to monitor the competitive reactive processes and quantify the evolution of the epoxide and lactone groups. The Tg of the crosslinked materials increased when the proportion of lactone in the curing mixture decreased. The kinetics was studied with DSC experiments and isoconversional procedures. The differences in the reactivity of the systems were related to the Lewis acidity of the lanthanide salt used as initiator. The increase in the proportion of lactone leads to an increase in the reaction rate. The shrinkage was determined from the densities before and after curing and its evolution was studied by thermomechanical analysis. The materials obtained were characterized by thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1711–1721, 2006
Double‐hydrophilic block copolymer for encapsulation and two‐way pH change‐induced release of metalloporphyrins
Authors: Bo Qi , Zhao Yue 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA double hydrophilic block copolymer composed of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) was obtained through hydrolysis of diblock copolymer of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and P4VP synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization. Water‐soluble micelles with PAA core and P4VP corona were observed at low (acidic) pH, while micelles with P4VP core and PAA corona were formed at high (basic) pH. Two metalloporphyrins, zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) and cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP), were used as model compounds to investigate the encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules by both types of micelles. UV–vis spectroscopic measurements indicate that micelles with P4VP core are able to entrap more ZnTPP and CoTPP as a result of the axial coordination between the transition metals and the pyridine groups. The study found that metalloporphyrins encapsulated by the micelles with PAA core could be released on pH increase, while those entrapped by the micelles with P4VP core could be released on pH decrease. This behavior originates from the two‐way pH change‐induced disruption of PAA‐b‐P4VP micelles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1734–1744, 2006
Preparation and properties of polysulfone/TiO2 composite ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Yang Yanan , Wang Peng , Zheng Qingzhu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe influence of inorganic filler TiO2 nanoparticles on the morphology and properties of polysulfone (PS) ultrafiltration membranes was investigated. PS/TiO2 composite membranes were prepared by a phase‐inversion method. TiO2 nanoparticles modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate were uniformly dispersed in an 18 wt % PS casting solution. The addition of TiO2 resulted in an increase in the pore density and porosity of the membrane skin layer. The pore size distribution changed from the log‐normal distribution to the bimodal distribution because of the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles, and some large pores were observed when the concentration of the filler was over 3 wt %. The skin layer was gradually thickened; meanwhile, the morphology sublayer changed from macrovoids to spongelike pores, in comparison with PS membranes without the filler. The addition of TiO2 also induced increases in the hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. The ultrafiltration experiments showed when the concentration of TiO2 was less than 2 wt %, the permeability and rejection of the membrane was enhanced and then decreased drastically with a higher filler concentration (>3%). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 879–887, 2006
Intrinsic disorder is a key characteristic in partners that bind 14‐3‐3 proteins
Authors: Bustos Diego M. , Iglesias Alberto A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProteins named 14‐3‐3 can bind more than 200 different proteins, mostly (but not exclusively) when they are at a phosphorylated state. These partner proteins are involved in different cellular processes, such as cell signaling, transcription factors, cellular morphology, and metabolism; this suggests pleiotropic functionality for 14‐3‐3 proteins. Recent efforts to establish a rational classification of 14‐3‐3 binding partners showed neither structural nor functional relatedness in this group of proteins. Using three natural predictors of disorder in proteins, and the structural available information, we show that >90% of 14‐3‐3 protein partners contain disordered regions. This percentage is significantly high when compared with recent studies on cell signaling and cancer‐related proteins or RNA chaperons. More important, almost all 14‐3‐3‐binding sites are inside disordered regions, this reinforcing the importance of structural disorder in this class of proteins. We also propose that a disorder‐to‐order transition occurs in the binding of 14‐3‐3 proteins with their partners. We discuss the consequences of the latter for consensus binding sequences, specificity, affinity, and thermodynamic control. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dielectric anomaly of tungsten trioxide WO3 with giant dielectric constant
Authors: Hirose Toshikazu , Furukawa Kazuo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTemperature dependences of the dielectric constant and the dielectric dispersion of a WO3 single crystal have been measured in the temperature range from –180 °C to 100 °C and at frequencies from 20 Hz to 1 MHz. A large dielectric anomaly has been observed at 16.2 °C on heating, and the peak value of the dielectric constant is as large as about 105. The anomaly has large thermal hysteresis, long relaxation time and large dielectric dispersion. A transition from ferrielectric state to ferroelectric state induced by an electric field has been observed by D–E hysteresis measurement below room temperature. In the triclinic phase, the coexistence of the monoclinic(II) and the monoclinic(I) phases was observed by EPR (ESR) measurements of doped Cr+3 ions. These results suggest that a frustration of the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric states exists at the dielectric anomaly temperature. The dielectric anomaly can be interpreted as a result of the phase transition between the triclinic phase with micro ferroelectric regions and the antiferroelectric monoclinic(I) phase. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of Hedera colchica: 3‐O‐(β‐d‐glucopyranosyl)‐hederagenin
Authors: İlhami Gülçin  , Mshvildadze Vakhtang , Gepdiremen Akçahan , Elias Riad 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside [3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐hederagenin; OGH] isolated from the berries of Hedera colchica, an ivy species endemic in Georgia, was investigated. The antioxidant properties of OGH were evaluated using different antioxidant assays: 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl free radical (DPPH·) scavenging, total antioxidant activity, reducing power, superoxide anion radical (O2·−) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging and metal chelating activities. The total antioxidant activity was measured according to the ferric thiocyanate method. α‐Tocopherol and trolox, a water‐soluble analogue of tocopherol, were used as reference antioxidant compounds. At a 30 µg/mL concentration, the inhibitory effects of OGH on the peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion was found to be 95.3%, whereas α‐tocopherol and trolox exhibited 88.8% and 86.2% inhibition of peroxidation in the system, respectively. In addition, OGH had effective DPPH· scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total reducing power and metal chelation of ferrous ions activities. These various antioxidant activities were compared with α‐tocopherol and trolox. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Withania somnifera root extract on reserpine‐induced orofacial dyskinesia and cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Naidu Pattipati S. , Singh Amanpreet , Kulkarni Shrinivas K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long‐term neuroleptic treatment. The pathophysiology of this disabling and commonly irreversible movement disorder is still obscure. Vacuous chewing movements in rats are widely accepted as an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Oxidative stress and products of lipid peroxidation are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Repeated treatment with reserpine (1.0 mg/kg) on alternate days for a period of 5 days (days 1, 3 and 5) signicantly induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions in rats. Chronic treatment with Withania somnifera root extract (Ws) for a period of 4 weeks to reserpine treated animals signicantly and dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the reserpine‐induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions. Reserpine treated animals also showed poor retention of memory in the elevated plus maze task paradigm. Chronic Ws administration signicantly reversed reserpine‐induced retention decits. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic reserpine treatment signicantly induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of rats. Chronic reserpine treated rats showed decreased levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Chronic administration of Ws root extract dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) and signicantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the decreased glutathione levels by chronic reserpine treatment. It also signicantly reversed the reserpine‐induced decrease in brain SOD and catalase levels in rats. The major ndings of the present study indicate that oxidative stress might play an important role in the pathophysiology of reserpine‐induced abnormal oral movements. In conclusion, Withania somnifera root extract could be a useful drug for the treatment of drug‐induced dyskinesia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.