bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a student telehealth rotation at the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine
Authors: McCormick Elena S. , Graham Roseanna , Alraqiq Hosam , Kresch Steven 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of a telehealth rotation on the perceived benefits and challenges of telehealth use among third‐year dental students at the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine (CDM).MethodsA newly implemented weeklong telehealth rotation at CDM engaged all 95 third‐year dental students from the 2022 graduating class through assigned readings and virtual interaction with patients. The telehealth rotation involves virtual visits with patients for screening and triage. An ongoing retrospective assessment of the students’ post‐rotation evaluation was analyzed qualitatively to identify emerging themes and was coded to describe students’ attitudes and beliefs about telehealth.ResultsStudents reported that the greatest benefit of telehealth is logistical convenience, while the greatest challenge to telehealth is related to the use of technology. After the telehealth rotation, students reported improvement in their clinically relevant skills and knowledge, including patient education, facilitating access to care, and communication skills.ConclusionsThe skills reported by students as the most important learning takeaway from the telehealth rotation are applicable to many aspects of care delivery, beyond the scope of telehealth. The incorporation of telehealth education into dental curricula allows students to improve essential clinically relevant skills and knowledge beyond the procedural skills emphasized during in‐person patient appointments.
Association of HBV serological markers with host antiviral immune response relevant hepatic inflammatory damage in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Jiang Bei , Wang Leijie , Liu Huan , Wang Lin , Su Rui , Xu Liang , Wei Guochao , Li Jia , Lu Fengmin , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe natural progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is dynamic, but the longitudinal landscape of HBV serological markers with host antiviral immune response relevant hepatic inflammatory damage remains undetermined. To this issue, we studied the association of HBV serological markers with the severity of hepatic inflammatory damage and enumerated HBV‐specific T cells using the cultured enzyme‐linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot). Five hundred and twenty‐four treatment‐naïve chronic HBV infection patients were enrolled. The Spearman correlation analysis revealed that in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive patients, all HBV virologic indicators negatively correlated with liver inflammatory damage and fibrosis (p < 0.01). Stronger correlations were accessed in the subgroup of HBeAg‐positive patients with HBV DNA > 2 × 106 IU/mL (p < 0.01), whereas negative correlations disappeared in patients with HBV DNA ≤ 2 × 106 IU/mL. Surprisingly, in HBeAg‐negative patients, the HBV DNA level was positively correlated with the hepatic inflammatory damage (p < 0.01). The relationship between type Ⅱ interferon genes expression and HBV DNA levels also revealed a direct shift from the initial negative to positive in HBeAg‐positive patients with HBV DNA declined below 2 × 106 IU/mL. The number of HBV‐speciﬁc T cells were identiﬁed by interferon γ ELISpot assays and showed a significant increase from HBeAg‐positive to HBeAg‐negative group. The host's anti‐HBV immunity remains effective in HBeAg‐positive patients with HBV DNA levels exceeding 2 × 106 IU/mL, as it efficiently eliminates infected hepatocytes and inhibits HBV replication. However, albeit the increasing number of HBV‐specific T cells, the host antiviral immune response shifts towards dysfunctional when the HBV DNA load drops below this threshold, which causes more pathological damage and disease progression.
Precipitation over northern South America and the far‐eastern Pacific during ENSO: Phase synchronization at inter‐annual time scales
Authors: Salas Hernán D. , Builes‐Jaramillo Alejandro , Boers Niklas , Poveda Germán , Mesa Óscar J. , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigated the influence of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on inter‐annual precipitation variability in the far‐eastern Pacific (FEP) and northern South America (NSA) using an approach based on phase synchronization (PS). First, we carried out a detailed analysis of observational data to define the inter‐annual variability, eliminate the seasonal residual frequencies in hydro‐climatic anomalies, and assess the statistical significance of PS. Additionally, we characterized the seasonality of regional patterns of sea surface temperature, surface pressure levels, low‐level winds and precipitation anomalies associated with the ENSO states. We found that the positive (negative) precipitation anomalies experienced in the FEP and NSA differ from those previously reported in the literature. In particular, the Guianas (northeastern Amazon) and the Caribbean constitute two regions with negative (positive) rainfall anomalies during El Niño (La Niña), separated by a zone of non‐significant anomalies along the Orinoco Low‐level Jet corridor. Moreover, we showed that the ENSO signal is phase‐locked with inter‐annual rainfall and low‐level wind variability in most of the study regions. Furthermore, we found consistency in the PS between the Central and Eastern Pacific El Niño indices and hydroclimatic anomalies over the Pacific. However, some areas exhibited PS, although they did not show significant precipitation anomalies, suggesting that the influence of ENSO on tropical climatology manifests not only in terms of the magnitude of anomalies but also in terms of the phases only. Our approach advances the understanding of climatic anomalies in tropical regions and provides new insights into the non‐linear interactions between ENSO and hydroclimatic processes in tropical Americas.
Future precipitation changes in California: Comparison of CMIP5 and CMIP6 intermodel spread and its drivers
Authors: Petrova Desislava , Tarin‐Carrasco Patricia , Sekulic Aleksandar , Lukovic Jelena , Reniu Maria Gali , Rodo Xavier , Cvijanovic Ivana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCalifornia is one of the major uncertainty hotspots for climate change, as climate models have historically been split between projecting wetter and drier future conditions over the region. We analysed the future (mid‐century and end‐century) projections of California's winter precipitation changes from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), and studied its respective model agreement in comparison to the previous CMIP5 projections. Over northern California more than two thirds of the models in each ensemble agree on wetter future conditions. However, over southern California both ensembles show highly uncertain precipitation changes, with model projections almost equally divided between wetter or drier conditions. Projected end‐century precipitation changes range from −30% to +70% in CMIP5 and −20% to +80% in CMIP6. The CMIP6 ensemble mean changes are generally wetter and show larger model disagreement compared to CMIP5. Distribution of year‐to‐year precipitation indicates more extremely wet or dry years over southern California in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5, with some models suggesting that the five wettest years account for as much as ~55% of the 20‐year rainfall, and the five driest for as little as ~5%. Dynamically, both ensembles project weakened subsidence over Baja California that is stronger in CMIP6 than in CMIP5, in line with the wetter mean conditions in CMIP6. In the western tropical Pacific we find strengthening of the Hadley circulation in CMIP6 that is not seen in CMIP5, and more El Niño than La Niña conditions in the equatorial Pacific. More CMIP6 models also project an increase in ENSO events compared to CMIP5, and a stronger impact of ENSO on California's precipitation is found in CMIP6 than in CMIP5. These factors also contribute to larger model disagreement and more extremely wet or dry years over southern California in CMIP6.
Computational prediction of retention times of veterinary antibiotics obtained by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Rojas Cristian , Sarmiento Nicole , Ayora Emilia , Pis Diez Reinaldo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDVeterinary antibiotics are chemical compounds used to kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria associated with animal diseases. These molecules can be defined by their retention times (tR) in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). One strategy to predict the tR of new veterinary antibiotics is the development of predictive quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs), which were used in this study.RESULTSA database of 122 antibiotics was selected in which the tR was measured using a Hypersil GOLD column. An optimal three‐feature model was developed by integrating the unsupervised variable reduction, replacement method variable subset selection, and multiple linear regression. The negligible differences among the coefficient of determination and the root‐mean‐square error for the training set (R2 = 0.902 and RMSEC = 0.871) and test set (Q2 = 0.854 and RMSEP = 1.064) indicate a stable and predictive model. In a further step, a more in‐depth explanation of the mechanism of action of each descriptor in predicting the tR is provided, with the construction of the theoretical chemical space for accurate predictions of new antibiotics.CONCLUSIONThe in silico model developed in this work identified three molecular descriptors associated with aqueous solubility, octanol–water partition coefficient, and the presence of negative and lipophilic atom pairs. The QSPR developed here could be implemented by agricultural and food chemists to identify and monitor existing and new antibiotics within the framework of LC–MS. The computational model was developed in accordance with five principles outlined by the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synergistic enhancement of maize crop yield and nutrient assimilation via zinc oxide nanoparticles and phosphorus fertilization
Authors: Ahmad Ibrar , Ahmad Wiqar , Nepal Jaya , Junaid Muhammad Bilawal , Bukhari Najat A , Usman Muhammad , Ahmad Noman , Khan Rab Nawaz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow recovery of conventional fertilizers remains a significant bottleneck for maize production globally. In particular, with phosphate fertilization, zinc (Zn) is prone to precipitation in soil, reducing recovery of both phosphorus (P) and Zn by maize.RESULTSThe present study was designed to investigate the synergistic effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and P on maize crop growth, yield, and nutrient uptake under ZnO seed coating and foliar application in a randomized complete block design. However, plants were subjected to two ZnO NPs levels (0.5 and 12 kg ha−1) amended with two P levels (45 and 90 kg ha−1). ZnO NPs, especially in the form of foliar application, with a P dose of 90 Kg ha−1 significantly (P < 0.05) improved maize crop growth, yield, and nutrient uptake compared with control. In comparison with the control group, plants grown in these conditions absorbed higher levels of Zn and P. Zn uptake rose to 16.34 g ha−1, 137.88 g ha−1, and 166.89 g ha−1 in roots, grains, and stover respectively, and P uptake increased to 0.80 mg kg−1, 10.066 mg kg−1, and 12.17 mg kg−1 respectively. Additionally, seed emergence rate, plant height, and cob length increased by up to 2%, 1177 cm2, and 3.3 cm respectively compared with control. Furthermore, Zn use efficiency was increased up to 38.55% in ZnO NPs foliar application.CONCLUSIONSApplication of ZnO NPs at 0.5 kg ha−1 in the form of foliar application with 90 kg ha−1 P dose produced a more pronounced increment in the parameters studied than ZnO NPs seed coating did. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Validity and Reliability of the Reflux Sign Assessment‐10 (RSA‐10)
Authors: Lechien Jérôme R. , De Marrez Lisa G. , Finck Camille , Saussez Sven 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo develop and validate the Reflux Sign Assessment‐10 (RSA‐10) for documenting the physical findings of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD).MethodsPatients with LPRD at the hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring and asymptomatic individuals were consecutively recruited from two European hospitals. Three experienced otolaryngologists rated RSA‐10 in patients and controls for assessing internal validity. RSA‐10 was rated within a 7‐day period to assess test‐retest reliability. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's α in patients and controls. Convergent validity was evaluated through a correlation analysis between RSA‐10 and Reflux Finding Score (RFS). Interrater reliability was evaluated by comparing the RSA‐10 evaluations of the three otolaryngologists through Fleiss kappa. Pre‐ to posttreatment change of RSA‐10 was evaluated to assess responsiveness to change. The RSA‐10 thresholds were examined by receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsFifty‐five patients completed the pre‐ to posttreatment evaluations from January 2020 to December 2023. A total of 115 asymptomatic individuals completed the study. RSA‐10 reported high internal consistency reliability (α = 0.822) and test‐retest reliability (rs = 0.725). The RSA‐10 scores of patients were significantly higher than those of controls (p = 0.001), suggesting high internal validity. RSA‐10 was significantly correlated with the RFS (rs = 0.771). The interrater reliability was adequate for sub‐ and total RSA‐10 scores (k = 0.708). RSA‐10 significantly improved from baseline to 3‐month posttreatment (p = 0.001). An RSA‐10 > 13 may be suggestive of LPRD. Both RSA‐10 > 13 and Reflux Symptom Score‐12 > 11 were associated with a sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 97.3%.ConclusionThe RSA‐10 is a reliable and valid clinical instrument for documenting the most prevalent laryngeal and extra‐laryngeal findings associated with LPRD.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3981–3988, 2024
The dilemma of water, food, and greener energy nexus: A novel context of COP27 for G20 economies
Authors: He Kang , Shahzadi Irum , Khan Salahuddin , Mentel Grzegorz , Tarczyński Waldemar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the contemporary world, achieving sustainable food production has become an urgent task for the international community and policymakers due to the rapidly growing social challenges of mankind. Sustainable food production practices aid countries in adapting to the challenges posed by climate change, thereby ensuring a better and more sustainable future for all. This study examines the impact of land use, energy efficiency (ENE), water productivity (WP), renewable energy consumption (REC), and gross domestic product (GDP) on sustainable food production in G20 nations over the period of 1998–2020. We use quantile regression approaches to capture potential heterogeneity across various food value‐added distribution quantiles. The results show that arable land, WP, GDP, ENE, and REC are important factors affecting food value added in G20 nations. However, the nature of the relationship varies across different quantiles, suggesting heterogeneity in the relationships. The results show that ENE, renewable energies, and GDP are positively related to food production. However, arable land and WP are negatively related to food production. The findings can assist policymakers and stakeholders in making informed decisions to increase value added in the agricultural sector while promoting resilience and sustainability.
A Facile and Economical Method to Synthesize a Novel Isosorbide‐Based Fluorescent Copolyesters with Outstanding Properties
Authors: Ma Lele , Liu Jiajian , Li Chuncheng , Xiao Yaonan , Wu Shaohua , Zhang Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, non‐traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) materials containing only ester groups in their molecules have been emerging and received extensive attention and research. Nevertheless, the existing NTIL materials still have the problems of low molecular weight and insufficient mechanical properties, which limit their further application. Isosorbide is a kind of bio‐based rigid diol monomer which is mainly used to improve the heat resistance and mechanical properties of materials all along. Besides, the ring‐opening reaction under acidic conditions makes isosorbide‐based materials exhibit some new functionalities. In this paper, a series of isosorbide‐based copolyesters with high molecular weight are synthesized by a simple and economical two‐step melt polycondensation method. It is found that, on the basis of improving the thermal and mechanical properties of the materials, copolyesters also exhibit fluorescence emission in the visible region at the excitation wavelength of 350 nm. And the fluorescence emission wavelength can be adjusted from 400 to 480. This study broadens the functional application of the isosorbide‐based materials and effectively enriches fluorescence mechanism of NTIL.
Applications of Strain‐Specific Probiotics in the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systemic Review
Authors: Khan Saleha , Ahmad Firdos , Khalid Nauman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality and novel approaches for prevention and management are needed. The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse microbiota that is crucial in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The formulation of effective probiotics, alone or in combination, has been under discussion due to their impact on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Probiotics have been shown to impact cardiovascular health positively. An imbalance in the presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes has been linked to the progression of CVDs due to their impact on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. The probiotics primarily help in the reduction of plasma low‐density lipoprotein levels and attenuation of the proinflammatory markers. These beneficial microorganisms contribute to lowering cholesterol levels and produce essential short‐chain fatty acids. The impact of lipid‐regulating probiotic strains on human health is quite significant. However, only a few have been tested for potential beneficial efficacy, and ambiguity exists regarding strain dosages, interactions with confounding factors, and potential adverse effects. Hence, more comprehensive studies and randomized trials are needed to understand the mechanisms of probiotics on CVDs and to ensure human health. This review assesses the evidence and highlights the roles of strain‐specific probiotics in the management of CVDs.
The biological essence of synthetic lethality: Bringing new opportunities for cancer therapy
Authors: Ge Meiyi , Luo Jian , Wu Yi , Shen Guobo , Kuang Xi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSynthetic lethality (SL), a genetic concept, has revolutionized the development of antitumor therapies by providing avenues to target previously “undruggable” targets with enhanced specificity for tumor cells over normal tissue. The principles of SL have expanded beyond genetic definitions to encompass biological functions, including genome stability, cell cycle regulation, cell death mechanisms, cellular metabolism, cell–cell interactions, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor cells with inactivated survival pathways are sensitive to therapeutic inhibition of compensatory mechanisms, while normal cells remain unaffected. Exploiting SL based on functional contexts has the potential to significantly improve cancer patient survival by reducing resistance to targeted therapies and enhancing antitumor efficacy when combined with other treatment modalities. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of synthetic lethality interactions (SLI) characterized by biological functions in individual cancer cells and the TME. We also provide a comprehensive summary of strategies for leveraging the dynamic nature of SLI to overcome therapeutic resistance. Additionally, we discuss various approaches and models for screening and designing potent SL agents tailored to the specific needs of cancer patients, as well as strategies for combining SL drugs in tumor treatment. This review offers valuable insights into harnessing SL as a promising avenue for precision cancer therapy.
Trendbericht Analytische Chemie 2024
Authors: Gauglitz Günter , Bodensteiner Michael , Bohleber Pascal , Clases David , Dahms Marcel , Engelhard Carsten , Haider Markus , Hayen Heiko , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Jäger Martin , Kramell Annemarie E. , Legner Robin , Matysik Frank‐Michael , Pöthig Alexander , Rädle Matthias , Seifert Stephan , Steinhauser Georg , Wolter Kathrin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMehrdimensionale Trenntechniken sowie Kopplungstechniken verbessern weiter die Auflösung in der Analytik. In der Elementanalytik beeindrucken neue Entwicklungen der Massenspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma, in der Archäometrie zerstörungsfreie In‐situ‐Analysen. Der 3‐D‐Druck treibt die elektroanalytische Forschung voran, und die Prozessanalytik setzt auf Lab‐on‐a‐Chip und vermeldet Neues bei der Raman‐Spektroskopie mit Flüssigkernlichtleitern.
Nicht nur zum Abstempeln: Moleküle auf Marken
Authors: Schmid Rolf 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAuch wer sich neuester Technik und Fortschritt verschließt, kommt nicht an der Wissenschaft vorbei: Für Traditionsliebhaber hat China Sonderbriefmarken zu Fortschritten der Chemie und Biochemie herausgebracht.
Farbwelten: Kunst ist (fast) immer Chemie
Authors: Albus Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFrühe Kunstschaffende betrieben oft Chemie – freilich ohne dies zu wissen. Später bereicherte die chemische Industrie mit ihren Produkten die Farbpalette. Heute gelingt Künstlerisches sogar mit Massenproduktionsverfahren.
Bilanz BASF 2023: Mehr herstellen mit weniger Leuten
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDer Umsatz des Chemiekonzerns BASF ist im Jahr 2023 um etwa ein Fünftel gesunken. Nun verstärkt er seine Sparmaßnahmen. Für Forschung und Entwicklung hat er einen neuen Supercomputer gestartet.
Mixen und Mahlen statt Lösen und Rühren
Authors: Hering‐Junghans Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractManche Synthesen erfordern ungewöhnliche Reaktionstechniken oder Versuchsaufbauten – da läuft auch mal ein Küchenmixer im Labor. Und was klassisch in homogener Lösung in einem organischen Lösemittel unter Rückfluss reagiert, kann auch mechanochemisch in einer Kugelmühle funktionieren. So lassen sich sogar Moleküle realisieren, die als in Lösung unmöglich herstellbar gelten.
Why minors volunteer—A mixed‐method study of motivational factors in underage Generation Z volunteers in Europe
Authors: Hauser‐Oppelmayer Anna , Korac Sanja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivational factors in young volunteers are a long‐standing research issue, but evidence on Generation Z, and particularly minor volunteers, is thin. Furthermore, most studies have been conducted in the Anglo‐American context, even though motives have been shown to differ across countries. The present article explores motivational factors of young (underage) philanthropists belonging to Generation Z in a European country—Austria. The study tests widely researched motivational factors in a yet underrepresented population, but also captures further factors that motivate minors to volunteer for a specific nonprofit organization. We follow a two‐tiered mixed‐method approach: first, qualitative data yielded from 12 expert interviews are used to amend, adapt, and further inform a quantitative survey. Second, seven focus groups with 48 young volunteers were conducted to compare and contrast motivational factors with quantitative results, but also to capture further motivational factors. The results show that the widely applied Volunteer Functions Inventory and factors rooted in Self‐Determination Theory capture some, but not all motivational factors in the specific group of Generation Z minor volunteers in central Europe. This research highlights factors that may be specific to the study group: the role of the supervisory team, the types of activities, and the aspect of voluntariness.