bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A discussion about the limitations of the Eurocode’s high-speed load model for railway bridges
Authors: Ferreira Gonçalo , Montenegro Pedro , Pinto José Rui , Henriques António Abel , Calçada Rui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh-speed railway bridges are subjected to normative limitations concerning maximum permissible deck accelerations. For the design of these structures, the European norm EN 1991-2 introduces the high-speed load model (HSLM)—a set of point loads intended to include the effects of existing high-speed trains. Yet, the evolution of current trains and the recent development of new load models motivate a discussion regarding the limits of validity of the HSLM. For this study, a large number of randomly generated load models of articulated, conventional, and regular trains are tested and compared with the envelope of HSLM effects. For each type of train, two sets of 100,000 load models are considered: one abiding by the limits of the EN 1991-2 and another considering wider limits. This comparison is achieved using both a bridge-independent metric (train signatures) and dynamic analyses on a case study bridge (the Canelas bridge of the Portuguese Railway Network). For the latter, a methodology to decrease the computational cost of moving loads analysis is introduced. Results show that some theoretical load models constructed within the stipulated limits of the norm can lead to effects not covered by the HSLM. This is especially noted in conventional trains, where there is a relation with larger distances between centres of adjacent vehicle bogies.
Investigating Appraisal and the Language of Evaluation in Fake News Corpora
Authors: Trnavac Radoslava , Põldvere Nele 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present corpus study, which is grounded in Appraisal Theory, investigates evaluative language use in fake news in English. The primary aim is to find out how and why, if at all, evaluative meanings are construed differently in fake news compared to genuine news. The secondary aim is to explore potential differences between types of fake news based on contextual factors. The data are from two carefully-designed corpora containing both fake and genuine news: a single-authored corpus and a multi-authored corpus. Both corpora contain false information that is meant to deceive, but they also differ from each other in terms of register, genre and the motivational goals of the authors. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, we show that there are systematic differences in the occurrence of Appraisal expressions across fake and genuine news, with Appraisal being more common in the former. However, the exact nature of the affective, dialogic and modal expression of fake news is influenced by contextual factors that, so far, have largely been ignored in fake news research. Therefore, the study has important implications for the development of fake news detection systems based on data sources of different kinds, a task which is in grave need of the input of corpus linguists.
The method and implementation of a Taiwan building recognition model based on YOLOX-S and illustration enhancement
Authors: Zhuang Yung-Yu , Chen Wei-Hsiang , Wu Shao-Kai , Chang Wen-Yao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarthquakes pose significant risks in Taiwan, necessitating effective risk assessment and preventive measures to reduce damage. Obtaining complete building structure data is crucial for the accurate evaluation of earthquake-induced losses. However, manual annotation of building structures is time-consuming and inefficient, resulting in incomplete data. To address this, we propose YOLOX-CS, an object detection model, combined with the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), to enhance recognition capabilities for small structures and reduce background interference. Additionally, we introduce the Illustration Enhancement data augmentation method to improve the recognition of obscured buildings. We collected diverse building images and manually annotated them, resulting in a dataset for training the model. YOLOX-CS with CBAM significantly improves recognition accuracy, particularly for small objects, and Illustration Enhancement enhances the recognition of occluded buildings. Our proposed approach advances building structure recognition, contributing to more effective earthquake risk assessment systems in Taiwan and beyond.
When a “Feminist” Government Tackles Gender-Based Violence: A WPR Approach to the Speeches of Canadian Cabinet Ministers (2015–2019)
Authors: Gerrits Bailey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ending gender-based violence was a central promise of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's self-declared feminist government. Executive speeches about gender-based violence provide clues about what types of feminist ideas undergird the 42nd Parliament. Was carceral feminism advanced, by focusing on punishment? Or neoliberalized feminist ideas, by focusing on the market? Or social justice feminist ideas, by focusing on systemic change? Applying the concept of governance feminism and using Bacchi's WPR approach, this article investigates how gender-based violence is problematized in English- and French-language House of Commons debates in the 42nd Parliament by the cabinet. The speeches problematize gender-based violence as preventable and caused by systemic issues, but this transformational discourse is undermined by a focus on strengthening carceral responses and limiting human potential to economic productivity. Feminist ideas about gender-based violence were adopted, relying on carceral and neoliberalized feminist ideas. The Trudeau Liberals’ campaign for change was discursively undermined.
Community social capital and self-rated health among older adults in urban China: the moderating roles of instrumental activities of daily living and smoking
Authors: Sun Qian , Lu Nan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Scholars have not yet explored the relationship between community social capital and self-rated health (SRH) among older adults in China in depth, including potential moderators in this relationship. In response to this gap, this study aimed to investigate the association between community social capital and SRH among urban Chinese older adults and the moderating roles of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and smoking. We used a quota sampling method to recruit 800 respondents aged 60 years and older from 20 communities in Shijiazhuang and Tianjin, China. SRH was used as the dependent variable. Binary logistic regression models with interaction terms were used to analyse the data. The results showed that trust (a cognitive social capital indicator), volunteering (a structural social capital indicator) and family social capital were significantly associated with SRH when controlling for other social capital indicators and covariates. Difficulties with IADL and smoking significantly moderated the association between community social capital and SRH. Cognitive social capital was only positively associated with SRH health among respondents who did not experience difficulty with IADLs. The positive association between citizenship activities and SRH was only significant among those who experienced difficulty with IADLs. The number of organisational memberships was negatively associated with SRH among respondents with a history of smoking. Volunteering was positively associated with SRH in respondents with a history of smoking. These findings highlight the important role of social capital in promoting SRH among older adults in urban areas of China and notably identify within-population heterogeneity in the associations between social capital and SRH. This study offers insights useful for developing social capital policies and interventions to meet the specific social needs of older adults with varied levels of difficulty with IADLs and health behaviours.
Expectation formation and the Phillips curve revisited
Authors: Czudaj Robert L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper studies expectation formation of professional forecasters in the context of the Phillips curve. We assess whether professionals form their expectations regarding inflation and unemployment consistent with the Phillips curve based on individual forecast data taken from the ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters. We consider expectations over different horizons and do not restrict the analysis to point forecasts but we also take the information inherent in density forecasts into account. We explicitly consider the role of anchoring of inflation expectations as potential source of nonlinearity, and we also assess whether the Phillips curve relation translates to a link between uncertainty regarding inflation and unemployment. Our findings show that professionals tend to build their expectations in line with the Phillips curve but this is only observed for expectations made for shorter horizons. For longer horizons, the Phillips curve connection is much weaker. This relationship also depends on the degree of anchoring and results in a connection between uncertainty regarding future inflation and unemployment.
THE
$\boldsymbol {(2,3)}$
-GENERATION OF THE FINITE SIMPLE ODD-DIMENSIONAL ORTHOGONAL GROUPS
Authors: PELLEGRINI MARCO ANTONIO , TAMBURINI BELLANI MARIA CHIARA 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe complete classification of the finite simple groups that are
$(2,3)$
-generated is a problem which is still open only for orthogonal groups. Here, we construct
$(2, 3)$
-generators for the finite odd-dimensional orthogonal groups
$\Omega _{2k+1}(q)$
,
$k\geq 4$
. As a byproduct, we also obtain
$(2,3)$
-generators for
$\Omega _{4k}^+(q)$
with
$k\geq 3$
and q odd, and for
$\Omega _{4k+2}^\pm (q)$
with
$k\geq 4$
and
$q\equiv \pm 1~ \mathrm {(mod~ 4)}$
.
Characterizing Offshore Freshened Groundwater Salinity Patterns Using Trans‐Dimensional Bayesian Inversion of Controlled Source Electromagnetic Data: A Case Study From the Canterbury Bight, New Zealand
Authors: Faghih Zahra , Haroon Amir , Jegen Marion , Gehrmann Romina , Schwalenberg Katrin , Micallef Aaron , Dettmer Jan , Berndt Christian , Mountjoy Joshu , Weymer Bradley A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study of offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) is gaining importance due to population growth and environmental pressure on coastal water resources. Marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods can effectively map the spatial extent of OFG systems using electrical resistivity as a proxy. Integrating these resistivity models with sub‐surface properties, such as host‐rock porosity, allows for estimates of pore‐water salinity. However, evaluating the uncertainty in pore‐water salinity using resistivity models obtained from deterministic inversion approaches presents challenges, as they provide only one best‐fit model, with no associated estimate of uncertainty. To address this limitation, we employ trans‐dimensional Markov‐Chain Monte‐Carlo inversion on marine time‐domain CSEM data, acquired in the Canterbury Bight, New Zealand. We integrate resistivity posterior probability distributions with borehole and seismic reflection data to estimate pore‐water salinity with corresponding uncertainty estimates. The results highlight a low‐salinity groundwater body in the center of the survey area, hosted by consecutive silty‐ and fine‐sand layers approximately 20–60 km from the coast. The posterior probability distribution of resistivity models indicates freshening of the OFG body toward the shoreline within a permeable, coarse‐sand layer 40–150 m beneath the seafloor, suggesting an active connection between the OFG body and the terrestrial groundwater system. The approach demonstrates how Bayesian inversion constrains the uncertainties in resistivity models and subsequently in pore‐water salinity estimates. Our findings highlight the potential of Bayesian inversion to enhance our understanding of OFG systems and provide uncertainty constraints for hydrogeological modeling, thereby contributing to sustainable water resource development.
A Machine Learning and Remote Sensing‐Based Model for Algae Pigment and Dissolved Oxygen Retrieval on a Small Inland Lake
Authors: Beal Maxwell R. W. , Özdoğan Mutlu , Block Paul J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExcessive algae growth can lead to negative consequences for ecosystem function, economic opportunity, and human and animal health. Due to the cost‐effectiveness and temporal availability of satellite imagery, remote sensing has become a powerful tool for water quality monitoring. The use of remotely sensed products to monitor water quality related to algae and cyanobacteria productivity during a bloom event may help inform management strategies for inland waters. To evaluate the ability of satellite imagery to monitor algae pigments and dissolved oxygen conditions in a small inland lake, chlorophyll‐a, phycocyanin, and dissolved oxygen concentrations are measured using a YSI EXO2 sonde during Sentinel‐2 and Sentinel‐3 overpasses from 2019 to 2022 on Lake Mendota, WI. Machine learning methods are implemented with existing algorithms to model chlorophyll‐a, phycocyanin, and Pc:Chla. A novel machine learning‐based dissolved oxygen modeling approach is developed using algae pigment concentrations as predictors. Best model results based on Sentinel‐2 (Sentinel‐3) imagery achieved R2 scores of 0.47 (0.42) for chlorophyll‐a, 0.69 (0.22) for phycocyanin, and 0.70 (0.41) for Pc:Chla. Dissolved oxygen models achieved an R2 of 0.68 (0.36) when applied to Sentinel‐2 (Sentinel‐3) imagery, and Pc:Chla is found to be the most important predictive feature. Random forest models are better suited to water quality estimations in this system given built in methods for feature selection and a relatively small data set. Use of these approaches for estimation of Pc:Chla and dissolved oxygen can increase the water quality information extracted from satellite imagery and improve characterization of algae conditions among inland waters.
Compartmentalized ocular lymphatic system mediates eye–brain immunity
Authors: Yin Xiangyun , Zhang Sophia , Lee Ju Hyun , Dong Huiping , Mourgkos George , Terwilliger Gordon , Kraus Aurora , Geraldo Luiz Henrique , Poulet Mathilde , Fischer Suzanne , Zhou Ting , Mohammed Farrah Shalima , Zhou Jiangbing , Wang Yongfu , Malloy Seth , Rohner Nicolas , Sharma Lokesh , Salinas Irene , Eichmann Anne , Thomas Jean-Leon , Saltzman W. Mark , Huttner Anita , Zeiss Caroline , Ring Aaron , Iwasaki Akiko , Song Eric 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe eye, an anatomical extension of the central nervous system (CNS), exhibits many molecular and cellular parallels to the brain. Emerging research demonstrates that changes in the brain are often reflected in the eye, particularly in the retina1. Still, the possibility of an immunological nexus between the posterior eye and the rest of the CNS tissues remains unexplored. Here, studying immune responses to herpes simplex virus in the brain, we observed that intravitreal immunization protects mice against intracranial viral challenge. This protection extended to bacteria and even tumours, allowing therapeutic immune responses against glioblastoma through intravitreal immunization. We further show that the anterior and posterior compartments of the eye have distinct lymphatic drainage systems, with the latter draining to the deep cervical lymph nodes through lymphatic vasculature in the optic nerve sheath. This posterior lymphatic drainage, like that of meningeal lymphatics, could be modulated by the lymphatic stimulator VEGFC. Conversely, we show that inhibition of lymphatic signalling on the optic nerve could overcome a major limitation in gene therapy by diminishing the immune response to adeno-associated virus and ensuring continued efficacy after multiple doses. These results reveal a shared lymphatic circuit able to mount a unified immune response between the posterior eye and the brain, highlighting an understudied immunological feature of the eye and opening up the potential for new therapeutic strategies in ocular and CNS diseases.
Numerical study and orthogonal analysis of optimal performance parameters for vertical cooling of sintered ore
Authors: Wang Weishu , Li Shuailong , Zhen Juan , Guo Jiawei , Xu Weihui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sinter cooler, essential for cooling hot sintered ore to a specific temperature, has seen recent advancements with the introduction of a vertical sinter cooling furnace. This innovation aims to enhance energy efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve waste heat recovery. Despite significant research, a quantitative analysis of factors impacting its cooling and heat transfer efficiency is lacking. This study utilizes the Euler model and local non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory to identify key factors affecting the gas–solid cooperative cooling process in the vertical cooler. Through an orthogonal experimental approach, the paper determines the optimal structural and operational parameters for the furnace. Key findings include that a gas–solid ratio of 1200m^3/t, inlet air temperature of 50 ℃, cooling section height of 6m, and diameter of 13.25m maximize efficiency, achieving a weighted range normalization value of 0.962. This configuration meets sintered ore cooling requirements while optimizing waste heat recovery. The study reveals that the impact on heat transfer efficiency is influenced primarily by the gas–solid ratio, followed by the cooling section's height, diameter, and inlet air temperature. These insights are crucial for enhancing the vertical sinter cooler's design, contributing to more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly sintering processes.
Carbon sequestration and credit potential of gamhar (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) based agroforestry system for zero carbon emission of India
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Malik M. S. , Shabnam Swati , Kumar Rakesh , Karmakar S. , Das Soumitra Sankar , Lakra Kerobim , Singh Indra , Kumar Rikesh , Sinha Asha Kumari , Barla Sheela , Kumari Nargis , Oraon P. R. , Prasad Muneshwar , Hasan Wajid , Mahto Dinesh , Kumar Jeetendra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe agroforestry system is the best option to achieve the net zero carbon emissions target for India. Keeping this view, carbon sequestration and credit potential of gamhar based agroforestry system has been assessed. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design in seven different treatments with five replications. Gamhar tree biomass accumulation was higher in gamhar based agroforestry system compared to sole gamhar. Among different tree components, stem contributed a maximum to total gamhar tree biomass followed by roots, leaves and branches. The average contributions of stems, roots, leaves and branches in total tree biomass in two annual cycles (2016–17 and 2017–18) varied between 50 and 60, 19.8 and 20, 19.2 and 20, and 10.7 and 12.7 percent, respectively. In case of crops, above ground, below ground and total biomass was significantly higher in sole intercrops than gamhar based agroforestry system. Total (Tree + interrops + Soil) carbon stock, carbon sequestration, carbon credit and carbon price were significantly affected by treatments, and was maximum in Sole Greengram-Mustard. Net carbon emission was also recorded lowest in Sole Greengram-Mustard for which the values were 811.55% and 725.24% and 760.69% lower than Sole Gamhar in 2016–17, 2017–18 and in pooled data, respectively.
The connectivity indices concept of neutrosophic graph and their application of computer network, highway system and transport network flow
Authors: Kaviyarasu M. , Aslam Muhammad , Afzal Farkhanda , Mohammed Saeed Maha , Mehmood Arif , Gul Saeed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo address information ambiguities, this study suggests using neutrosophic sets as a tactical tool. Three membership functions (called $$T_r, I_n, $$

T
r

,

I
n

,

and $$ F_i$$

F
i

) that indicate an object’s degree of truth, indeterminacy, and false membership constitute the neutrosophic set. It becomes clear that the neutrosophic connectivity index (CIN) is an essential tool for solving practical problems, especially those involving traffic network flow. To capture uncertainties, neutrosophic graphs are used to represent knowledge at different membership levels. Two types of $$CIN_s,$$

C
I

N
s

,

mean CIN and CIN, are investigated within the framework of neutrosophic graphs. In the context of neutrosophic diagrams, certain node types-such as neutrosophic neutral nodes, neutrosophic connectivity reducing nodes (NCRN) , and neutrosophic graph connectivity enhancing nodes (NCEN) , play important roles. We concentrate on two types of networks, specifically traffic network flow, to illustrate the real-world uses of CIN. By comparing results, one can see how junction removal affects network connectivity using metrics like Connectivity Indexes (CIN) and Average Connectivity Indexes (ACIN) . A few nodes in particular, designated by ACIN as Non-Critical Removal Nodes $$ (NCRN_s) $$

(
N
C
R

N
s

)

, show promise for increases in average connectivity following removal. To fully comprehend traffic network dynamics and make the best decisions, it is crucial to take into account both ACIN and CIN insights. This is because different junctions have different effects on average and overall connectivity metrics.
Anaerobic flora, Selenomonas ruminis sp. nov., and the bacteriocinogenic Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain MP3 from crossbred-lactating goats
Authors: Poothong Saranporn , Tanasupawat Somboon , Chanpongsang Somchai , Kingkaew Engkarat , Nuengjamnong Chackrit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the distribution of anaerobic bacteria in the rumen fluid of Thai crossbred goats and to screen potential probiotic strains capable of producing antimicrobial compounds and inhibiting bacteria that cause milk fat depression. Thirty-four strains of bacteria from the rumen fluid were divided into 13 groups within 12 genera based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The RF1-5 and RF5-12 were identified as Streptococcus luteliensis and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively, and demonstrated non-ropy exopolysaccharide. Furthermore, mPRGC5T was closely related to Selenomonas caprae JCM 33725 T (97.8% similarity) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. It exhibited low average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values with related type strains ranging from 84.9 to 86.0%, 21.3 to 21.8%, and 73.8 to 76.1%, respectively. The genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of mPRGC5T strongly support this strain as a new species of the genus Selenomonas for which the name Selenomonas ruminis mPRGC5T was proposed. The type strain is mPRGC5T (= JCM 33724 T = KCTC 25177 T). Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP3 showed antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes subsp. acnes DSM 1897 T and Kocuria rhizophila MIII. The enterolysin A cluster gene was identified in its genome. The auto-aggregation of L. salivarius MP3 was 93.6 ± 0.2%. Additionally, co-aggregation of L. salivarius MP3 with C. acnes DSM 1897 T and K. rhizophila MIII had 92.2 ± 3.4% and 87.3 ± 4.5%, respectively. The adhesion capacity of strain MP3 was 76.11 ± 2.2%. Probiogenomic analysis revealed that L. salivarius MP3 was nonhazardous to animal supplementation and included acid- and bile-tolerant ability. However, strain MP3 contained three antibiotic resistance genes. Thus, the supplementation of L. salivarius MP3 could increase the milk fat content by suppressing C. acnes DSM 1897 T with antibiotic resistance gene horizontal transfer awareness.