bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide‐range optical spectra of carbon nanotubes: a comparative study
Authors: Kamarás K. , Pekker Á. , Bruckner M. , Borondics F. , Rinzler A. G. , Tanner D. B. , Itkis M. E. , Haddon R. C. , Tan Y. , Resasco D. E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present optical spectra from the far infrared through the ultraviolet spectral region of freestanding transparent carbon nanotube films: single‐, double‐ and multiwalled, and containing varying amounts of tubes of different chirality. By comparing the spectral features in the far infrared and the near infrared/visible, we can estimate the metallic/semiconducting content. We show by spectroscopic methods that doping the tubes increases both the conductivity and the transparency for visible light.We also discuss the influence of sample preparation and subsequent treatment on application possibilities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
La@C82 as a spin‐active filling of SWCNTs: ESR study of magnetic and photophysical properties
Authors: Ćirić Luka , Pierzchala Katarzyna , Sienkiewicz Andrzej , Magrez Arnaud , Náfrádi Bálint , Alexander Duncan , Warner Jamie , Shinohara Hisanori , Ruemmeli M. H. , Pichler T. , Briggs G. Andrew D. , Forró László 
Published: September 2008

AbstractElectron microscopy (TEM) and electron spin resonance (ESR) were applied to characterize lanthanum metallo‐fullerene (La@C82)‐filled peapods. The peapods were prepared by encapsulation of La@C82 in SWCNTs, which were obtained by laser ablation technique in the presence of non‐magnetic catalysts Pt: Rh: Re. Empty fullerenes, C60, were used as separators for the spin‐active La@C82. TEM analysis confirmed filling of peapods with both C60 and La@C82 molecules. ESR spectra acquired in the temperature range from 5 K to 295 K provided indirect evidence of encapsulation of the spin‐active La@C82 in carbon nanotubes and pointed to marked differences in magnetic properties of peapods as a function of the relative concentration of La@C82. Preliminary ESR studies of the photo‐physical properties of La@C82 in CS2 revealed that, under illumination with white light, La@C82 neither generated singlet oxygen nor was photoactive against a paramagnetic target, nitroxide radical (TEMPO). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibrational properties of four consecutive carbon picotubes
Authors: Rosenkranz Nils , Machón María , Herges Rainer , Thomsen Christian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFour different picotubes have been synthesized up to now. These highly symmetric, ringlike hydrocarbons are closely related to the smallest armchair nanotubes available. We investigate vibrational properties of the different picotubes using first principles calculations and polarization‐dependent Raman spectroscopy. Our results emphasize the strong relationship between picotubes and nanotubes.In this context, two features in the picotube spectra are of particular interest: The high‐energy bands and breathing‐like modes. Vibrational patterns calculated for the high‐energy modes of picotubes are similar to the axial and transversal high‐energy vibrations of armchair nanotubes. Concerning the radial breathing modes of picotubes, our calculations suggest a d–1‐dependence of the radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency, which is again in analogy to nanotubes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of Phragmites japonica on a sandbar of regulated river: morphological adaptation of the plant to low water and nutrient availability in the substrate
Authors: Asaeda Takashi , Siong Kian , Kawashima Takayuki , Sakamoto Kentaro 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe construction of upstream dams regulates flood magnitudes, reduces the inundation frequency of the riparian zones and curtails the discharge of sediments to the downstream. Adaptation of a Phragmites japonica colony growing at a rarely flooded sandbar (1.4 × 0.25 km) was investigated. Above‐ and belowground biomass was sampled, together with litters on the ground surface of a quadrat and soil in the rhizosphere. Five sampling locations were selected with three locations located in sandy and two in stony areas. The results showed the total biomass and the ratio of above‐ to belowground biomasses were larger at the sandy sites than the stony sites. However, the fraction of root biomass (i.e. root to rhizome ratio) in the belowground biomass at the stony sites was higher than that at the sandy sites. Higher aboveground and total plant biomass in the sandy areas was because the plants had better access to water and nutrients than plants growing in stony beds. A higher proportion of root biomass, at the expense of rhizome biomass, in the belowground biomass of plant growing in stony sites was due to the difficulty in accessing water and inorganic nutrients. The ratios of nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) in the plant tissues were mostly between 5 and 10, indicating that plant growth was N limited. Low ratios of total N (TN) to total P (TP) were also recorded in soil samples, where TN was 300–700 mg/kg and TP was 300–350 mg/kg. A wide phenotypic plasticity observed in P. japonica was an importance factor to maximize the plant survival and fitness in frequently disturbed habitats, and this plasticity was the result of both true adjustment and ontogenetic drift. A mitigation effort, aimed to prevent coarsening of the riverbed by supplying sand to the downstream, can actually advance the development of P. japonica colonies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Socially sustainable work organizations: A chaordic systems approach
Authors: Kira Mari , Eijnatten Frans M. van 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper outlines an approach to socially sustainable work organizations. Socially sustainable work organizations have a dynamic ability to function both by repeating accustomed and by devising innovative solutions, and they maintain this operational viability by promoting the functional capabilities of their stakeholders. The organizational and stakeholder functional capabilities are founded on complexity stemming from the simultaneous uniqueness and integration of resources. It is argued that traditional socio‐ technical systems (STSs) approaches do not offer optimal foundations for achieving sustainability. Instead, a migration into chaordic systems thinking (ChST) is proposed. It is concluded that to promote social sustainability, a work organization has to be understood as a holon system in which development can only take place when also its members grow in their interior and exterior complexities. Complexity development is outlined as an emergent process; the importance of ‘un‐learning’ or dissipation is also explored. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gratitude and subjective well‐being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences
Authors: Froh Jeffrey J. , Yurkewicz Charles , Kashdan Todd B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGratitude was examined among 154 students to identify benefits from its experience and expression. Students completed measures of subjective well‐being, social support, prosocial behavior, and physical symptoms. Positive associations were found between gratitude and positive affect, global and domain specific life satisfaction, optimism, social support, and prosocial behavior; most relations remained even after controlling for positive affect. Gratitude demonstrated a negative relation with physical symptoms, but not with negative affect. Relational fulfillment mediated the relation between gratitude and physical symptoms. Gratitude demonstrated strong relations with the following positive affects: proud, hopeful, inspired, forgiving, and excited. The relation between gratitude and family support was moderated by gender, indicating that boys, compared with girls, appear to derive more social benefits from gratitude. Strengths, limitations, and implications are discussed.
Pain and somatosensory findings in patients 3 years after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Nikolajsen Lone , Kristensen Anders D. , Thillemann Theis M. , Jurik Anne Grethe , Rasmussen Thomas , Kehlet Henrik , Jensen Troels S. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic hip pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a significant problem, but the aetiology remains unclear.Aims: To determine sensory function in patients with chronic hip pain 3 years after THA. Patients without hip pain after THA served as controls.Methods: Eighteen patients with chronic hip pain and 18 controls without chronic hip pain were recruited from a previous questionnaire study about hip pain after total hip arthroplasty. All participants answered questions about pain and mental vulnerability and underwent clinical examination followed by quantitative sensory testing (brush‐evoked allodynia, pinprick hyperalgesia, mechanical and thermal thresholds).Results: Brush‐evoked allodynia was present in 4 patients with hip pain (P=0.1) and pinprick hyperalgesia (P=0.02) was more frequent in patients with chronic hip pain. Mechanical and thermal thresholds were similar in patients and controls. Patients with chronic hip pain had higher scores on the mental vulnerability scale (P<0.001). Chronic hip pain was significantly associated with low back pain (P=0.002).Conclusions: We found signs of hypersensitivity on the operated side, which was more prominent in patients with pain. Pain referred from the back or deeper structures in the hip seems to play a role for the pain in subgroups of patients. In addition, chronic hip pain was associated with mental vulnerability.
Sex differences in perceptions of pain coping strategy usage
Authors: Keogh Edmund , Denford Sarah 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTSex differences are generally found in the perception and experience of pain, with women reporting more intense and frequent pain than men. One reason why such differences may occur has been linked to socially‐acquired gender‐role expectations associated with pain. Although there is evidence that men and women report using different pain coping strategies, we do not know the extent to which gender‐specific expectations are associated with pain‐related coping. The current study sought to examine this in more detail by administering a standard pain coping measures on three separate occasions, but with different instructions. Hundred and twenty two participants (57 male, 65 female) were asked to complete the coping measure as themselves, then again as they would expect the typical man and the typical woman to complete it. Results indicated that there were no significant differences between men and women in their own self‐reported usage of pain coping strategies. However, there was general evidence to suggest that there are differences in stereotypical views of how men and women are thought to cope with pain. Furthermore, sex differences were also found in how participants viewed their own coping behaviours in comparison to that of the typical man and typical woman. These results confirm that alongside pain, men and women hold different gender‐specific expectations with respect to certain pain coping strategies. Future research is required to examine whether these different coping expectations influence an individuals own choice of strategy, and whether this in turn affects actual pain experiences.
Isolation of human mesenchymal stem cells from third‐trimester amniotic fluid
Authors: You Qi , Cai Liying , Zheng Jianhua , Tong Xiaojing , Zhang Dan , Zhang Yuanlong 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated in third‐trimester amniotic fluid (AF) and their differentiation induced.MethodSufficient numbers of MSCs were isolated from the AF of 15 healthy women undergoing cesarean delivery in the third trimester to be cultured and induced to differentiate into osteocytes.ResultsReverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed the MSCs to express the pluripotency marker gene OCT4, and flow cytometry showed these cells to be positive for CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105 and negative for CD31, CD45, and CD61. The MSCs were also determined to be nontumorigenic.ConclusionMultipotent MSCs can be obtained from AF in the third trimester, which may be less dangerous than the second trimester to women and their fetuses.
The need for integrating family planning and postabortion care in China
Authors: Cheng Yimin , Xu Xiao , Xu Juncai , Wuillaume Françoise , Zhu Jinliang , Gibson Diana , Temmerman Marleen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the need for integrating postabortion care with family planning services in China.MethodWe collected data from a clinic‐based study of 24 abortion clinics in 3 large cities in China.ResultsThere was a total of 287 (10.3%) high‐risk abortions among the 2780 respondents, 974 (35%) of whom had had repeated abortions and 48.4% had had 2 abortions within 1 year; 63.7% of the current pregnancies resulted from not using contraceptives; 28.8% and 19.8% of these new pregnancies, respectively, were due to the failure of the rhythm or the withdrawal method; only 9.7% of the respondents consistently used condoms; and only 9.1% could identify the correct time of their first ovulation following an abortion.ConclusionContraceptive neglect and the high rates of repeated and high‐risk abortions call for the integration of postabortion care with family planning services in China.
A criterion‐based obstetric morbidity audit in southern Thailand
Authors: Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Promvijit Thadpong , Pattanapisalsak Chaiwat , Silalai Sorawasa , Ampawa Theeradet 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incidences of severe pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia, obstructed labor, and postpartum hemorrhage in the 5 southernmost provinces of Thailand, and the quality of care for these conditions, using a modified version of a criterion‐based clinical audit.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of the 3669 women admitted in the obstetric wards of 7 referral hospitals from January through March 2005.ResultsOf 515 severely morbid conditions recorded for 486 women (13.2%), there were 113 cases of pre‐eclampsia, 320 of obstructed labor, and 82 of postpartum hemorrhage. Documentation for the diagnosis of obstructed labor was often incomplete. Condition severity and standard of care varied among hospitals. The most common indicators of substandard care were a lack of record of respiratory rate and tendon reflex for women with severe pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (35%); of antibiotic prophylaxis for those with obstructed labor (28%); and of record of urine output for those with postpartum hemorrhage (32%).ConclusionsIncomplete diagnosis documentation and evidence of substandard care were common, which warrants auditing for such problems and providing feedback to physicians.
Effectiveness and safety of loop electrosurgical excision procedure in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Rema Prabhakaran , Suchetha Sambasivan , Thara Somanathan , Fayette Jean Marie , Wesley Ramani , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in a low‐resource setting.MethodsWomen participating in a cervical screening study in India with histologically confirmed CIN unsuitable for cryotherapy were advised to undergo LEEP. One year after treatment the cervix was visually inspected with acetic acid, followed by colposcopy and biopsy taken from abnormal areas. Cure was defined as no clinical or histologic evidence of CIN. Factors influencing cure rates were evaluated by tests.ResultsOf the 311 women who underwent LEEP, 283 reported for 1‐year follow‐up and 248 (87.6%) were disease free. Cure rates were 93.0% for CIN 1, 85.5% for CIN 2, and 72.7% for CIN 3. Minor adverse effects were observed in 34 women and complications were seen in 5 women.ConclusionLEEP was associated with minimal complications and acceptable cure rates in a low‐resource setting, although women with larger lesions had lower cure rates.
The influence of carbon sources on recombinant‐human‐ growth‐hormone production by Pichia pastoris is dependent on phenotype: a comparison of Muts and Mut+ strains
Authors: Orman Mehmet Ali , Çalık Pınar , Özdamar Tunçer H. 
Published: September 2008

The influence of carbon sources on rhGH (recombinant human growth hormone) production by two Pichia pastoris strains having different methanol utilization phenotypes (P. pastoris‐hGH‐Mut+ and P. pastoris‐hGH‐Muts) was investigated using batch bioreactors. The effect of methanol concentration (CMeOH) in defined and complex media, and further glycerol/methanol mixed defined media, was analysed systematically over a wide range. With methanol as the sole carbon source, strain Muts grew only slightly, whereas with Mut+, a cell concentration (CX) of 6.0 g of dry cells/dm3 was obtained and an rhGH concentration (CrhGH) of 0.032 g/dm3 was produced. In complex medium without glycerol at a CMeOH of 2% (v/v), a CrhGH of 0.16 g of rhGH/dm3 was produced by Muts, a value 3‐fold higher than that produced by Mut+, despite the fact that the CX of Mut+ (6.1 g/dm3) was 2‐fold higher than that of Muts (3.0 g/dm3). In a glycerol/methanol mixed defined medium, methanol consumption began when glycerol was totally depleted, indicating that glycerol is a repressor of the AOX1 (alcohol oxidase‐1 gene) promoter. With strain Muts at a glycerol concentration (CGly) of 30 g/dm3 and a CMeOH of 1% (v/v), the CrhGH produced was 0.11 g/dm3, whereas, with the Mut+ strain, a CrhGH of 0.06 g/dm3 was obtained at a CGly of 30 g/dm3 and a CMeOH of 4%. As methanol is not consumed by Muts strain effectively and the presence of methanol in the fermentation broth triggers induction of the AOX1 promoter, our results encourage the use of the Muts strain for rhGH production. In addition to rhGH production, the specific cell growth rates, specific methanol and/or glycerol utilization rates and maintenance coefficients in methanol‐ and glycerol‐based defined media were determined. With a methanol‐based defined medium and using the Mut+ strain, a higher specific growth rate (μ) of approx. 0.14 h−1 was observed during the exponential cell growth phase at a CMeOH of ≤2.0%. When glycerol was used as a sole carbon source, both phenotypes showed similar cell‐growth and glycerol‐utilization rates. The results of the present study should enable one to optimize the expression of other therapeutic proteins by P. pastoris.
The Treatment of ‘Nomen’ in the First Slovenian Grammar (Bohorič 1584)
Authors: Ahačič Kozma 
Published: August 2008

Summary
The article focuses on the treatment of the noun (nomen) in the grammar published in 1584 by the first Slovenian grammarian, Adam Bohorič (c.1520–1598), under the title Arcticae horulae succisivae de Latinocarniolana literatura (“Spare winter hours on Latin-Carniolan grammar”). The chapter on the noun is examined in the larger context of European grammar-writing, revealing the Bohorič grammar to be a fully-fledged humanist text. In addition, the article explains certain aspects of the work which have sometimes been criticised as weaknesses, provides graphic representations of its structure, and describes Bohorič’s debt to Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560), the similarities between his work and the German grammar by Johannes Clajus (1535–1592), and the parallels with other grammarians. Moreover, some new findings are presented concerning the glossaries accompanying the paradigms.
Diabetes mellitus and pelvic girdle syndrome in pregnancy – Is there an association?
Authors: EBERHARD‐GRAN MALIN , ESKILD ANNE 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective. Increased levels of relaxin, a hormone structurally belonging to the insulin‐like growth factor family, has been associated with both pelvic girdle pain and type 1 diabetes in pregnancy. However, an association between pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy and diabetes has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not an association exists between diabetes and pelvic girdle syndrome. Design. Cross‐sectional questionnaire study. Setting. All women 18–40 years old, in two municipalities in Norway during 1998–1999 were eligible for the study. Sample. A total of 1,816 women with at least one prior delivery constituted the study sample. Methods. Pelvic girdle syndrome during last pregnancy was the outcome variable, defined as pain in the anterior pelvis and bilateral posterior pelvis. The impact of diabetes on developing pelvic girdle syndrome was estimated as odds ratios in logistic regression analyses. Results. Diabetes increased the risk of pelvic girdle syndrome (adjusted odds ratio 7.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.8–28.5). In addition, age ≥25 years at delivery and obesity (body mass index ≥35) were associated with pelvic girdle syndrome. Parity and time since delivery were not significantly associated with pelvic girdle syndrome. Conclusions. The results in multivariate analyses indicate an association between pelvic girdle syndrome and diabetes. The causes of pelvic girdle pain are not known. However, our results encourage further exploration of hormonal factors.
The n-Cu0.9Ag0.1In3Se5chalcopyrite, electronic as well as ionic conductor
Authors: Díaz R 
Published: August 2008

A resistance increase with time of the n-Cu0.9Ag0.1In3Se5chalcopyrite has been observed. This new effect is analysed in terms of a hypothesis of ion migration and Schottky barrier formation. These results might explain why different solar cell efficiencies are obtained for the chalcopyrites, CuInSe2and CuInxGa1−xSe2, when an In-rich film is deposited on top of the chalcopyrite. In these solar cells, ion migration can exist and a new effect appears similar to the one observed in our compound.The ions, probably the cations, are moved by the electrical field towards the cathode. A gradient of mobile ions appears across the sample and the positive charge is accumulated near this electrode such that it varies the metal–semiconductor interface. This interface is a Schottky barrier where the contact potential is a function of time due to the arrival of ions.The electrical measurements have been carried out on a solid state device, graphite/n-Cu0.9Ag0.1In3Se5/graphite. The current intensity and the potential drop across the sample have been measured with time when a constant electrical potential is applied for 600 s at dark or under ultraviolet illumination and at room temperature. A comparative study in similar electrical conditions is done; the current intensity difference and the potential drop across the difference (under ultraviolet illumination minus at dark) are not constant and both measurements increase with time.