bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLYMORPHISM OF BOVINE MHC CLASS II GENES. JOINT REPORT OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL BOVINE LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN (BOLA) WORKSHOP, INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND, 1 AUGUST 1992
Authors: Davies C. J. , Joosten I. , Andersson L. , Arriens M. A. , Bernoco D. , Bissumbhar B. , Byrns G. , van Eijk M. J. T. , Kristensen B. , Lewin H. A. , Mikko S. , Morgan A. L. G. , Muggli‐Cockett N. E. , Nilsson Ph. R. , Oliver R. A. , Park C. A. , Van Der Poel J. J. , Polli M. , Spooner R. L. , Stewart J. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPolymorphism of the bovine DRB, DQA, DQB, DYA, DOB and DIB genes was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, isoelectric focusing (IEF), class II serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based typing techniques. The simultaneous application of multiple typing techniques and the characterization of multiple genes resulted in a greatly enhanced picture of the bovine class II regions. Thirty‐eight class IIa (DR‐DQ) and 5 class lib (DYA‐DOB‐DIB) haplotypes were defined. It was found that IEF types were associated with DRB3 polymorphism defined by DRB3 PCR‐RFLP and DRB3 microsatellite PCR. Serologically defined polymorphism was associated with distinct molecular/IEF motifs and, therefore, DR and DQ specificities could be tentatively distinguished. Although the DR and DQ genes are tightly linked, neither DR nor DQ typing defined all of the class IIa region polymorphism. Furthermore, even the most powerful DRB3 typing technique, DRB3 PCR‐RFLP, failed to detect all expressed DRB3 polymorphism. All detected DRB3 polymorphism could, however, be distinguished with a combination of two molecular techniques: DRB3 PCR‐RFLP and DRB3 microsatellite PCR. RFLP typing with transmembrane probes detected significantly less polymorphism than typing with cDNA or exon probes. However, the transmembrane probes were useful because they were locus specific. The presence of only 5 of 12 possible class lib haplotypes was unexpected and indicates that the DYA, DOB and DIB genes are tightly linked.
THE FIRST HLA ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE KUWAITI POPULATION
Authors: Al‐Harbi S. , Fouad F. , Kaaba S.A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHLA antigens of the Kuwaiti population are not as well characterized as those of other international ethnic groups. We present results for HLA typing of Kuwaiti individuals using commercial Biotest sera. Six hundred and seventy one Kuwaiti were typed for HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C antigens and 399 were typed for HLA‐DR, ‐DQ antigens. Antigen frequency and gene frequency were computed for each phenotype observed. The antigens with the highest frequencies were HLA‐A2, A1 and A3; B5, B12 and B7; Cw″4 and Cw‐l; DR52, DR5, DR3 and DR7; DQ1 and DQ2. HLA haplotypes with strong linkage disequilibrium and characteristic of Kuwaiti population are A2‐B5, A1‐B8, B7‐DR7 and B8‐DR3. A comparison study with other populations is presented.
RAPID DNA CROSSMATCH ANALYSIS OF HLA CLASS II GENOTYPIC POLYMORPHISMS BY TEMPERATURE GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS IN UNRELATED BONE MARROW DONOR SELECTION
Authors: Uhrberg M. , & J. Enczmann , Wernet P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe present paper demonstrates the usefulness of the temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) as a precise method for the rapid identification of HLA‐DR full matched donors by molecular crossmatch analysis. The resulting TGGE fingerprints are highly diverse for different HLA‐DR genotypes and identical for samples with identical HLA‐DR type, as shown for a panel of 25 randomly selected PCR‐SSO pretyped DNA samples. In addition, TGGE analysis of a panel of homozygous typing cell lines (HTCs) established, that even subtle differences in the DR4 subtypes are detectable by TGGE crossmatch analysis. Furthermore, TGGE crossmatch analysis of unrelated donor/patient pairs demonstrated, that only HLA‐DR identical patient/donor combinations showed identical TGGE patterns. Thus crossmatch analysis by TGGE presents a novel basis for a rapid and safe unrelated bone marrow donor selection strategy. Only HLA class I identical donors which also show HLA‐DR identity in the TGGE crossmatch test are selected for the final confirmation of the HLA class II genes by a suitable DNA subtyping method.
Gm and Km PHENOTYPE FREQUENCIES IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS (CAH) B VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Kacprzak‐Bergman I. , Halasa J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPatients with CAH, extrahepatic HBV manifestation and healthy children were studied for presence of Gm 1,2,3,10,21 factors and Km 1 factor. Significantly higher frequency of Gm (1, 2, 3, 10, 21) phenotype was shown in CAH group as compared with the other two groups. Relationship between Km factors and examined groups was not found.
GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE F SUBTYPES OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT FACTOR B
Authors: Jahn I. , Mejéa J. E. , Thomas M. , Darke C. , Schröder H. , Geserick G. , Hauptmann G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFactor B of human complement is encoded within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and is polymorphic, with up to 30 alleles defined by electrophoretic mobility. One of the most common alleles, BF*F, is subdivided into the FA and FB subtypes, which differ at the gene level by non‐synonymous base substitutions in the seventh codon. We have found at this position a new restriction site polymorphism, as a Bsl I site absent from the FB allele. Using this restriction polymorphism, we have developed a method for BF F subtype determination, based on amplification by polymerase chain reaction of the 5’ end of the BF gene, and digestion with Bsl I. This new method has been applied to a panel of 29 selected BF F individuals. A single strand DNA conformation analysis of the same region of the gene allowed us to confirm the above DNA‐based BF F subtyping. During this study, two BF*F1 alleles showed discrepancies between protein and DNA typing, which were confirmed by our sequencing data. These were identical, in the 5’ region, to BF*S and BF*FB genes, respectively. In a comparison with two protein subtyping methods, identical results were found for only one third of the selected samples. The conflicting results may arise, in part, from previously undescribed molecular heterogeneity within BF F subtypes, or from the presence of a null allele. Our new method allows RF*F subtyping to be used with confidence in the definition of disease‐associated MHC haplotypes.
PCR SSCP REVEALS HAPLOTYPE RELATED POLYMORPHISM OF PERB 1: A NEW MARKER FOR MHC β BLOCK TYPING
Authors: Leelayuwat C. , Degli‐Esposti M. A. , Taylor E. , Abraham L. J. , Dawkins R. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMany new Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes have been discovered in the last 5 years. Defining the polymorphism of these new genes may elucidate their function and their relevance to diseases with MHC associations. Polymerase chain reaction and single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR SSCP) analyses were used to detect sequence polymorphisms of PERB1 demonstrated by comparing the available genomic sequence of four haplotypes. This study showed that PCR SSCP of PERB 1 is reproducible. In addition, PERB1 alleles segregate within families together with MHC haplotypes. Typing results from the Forth Asia and Oceania Histocompatibility Workshop (4AOHW) cell panel indicate that the identified polymorphisms of PERB 1 are ‘haplotypic’, i.e., unrelated individuals carrying the same MHC ancestral haplotypes carry the same PERB1 SSCP pattern. Interestingly, PERB1 SSCP patterns allow the distinction of ancestral haplotypes which share HLA‐B serological specificities, such as HLA‐B44 and therefore this analysis can be used to further define MHC haplotypes and thus to improve our understanding of the evolution of this complex.
TNF Nco‐I RFLP IS NOT AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Campbell D. A. , Nelson S. , Madhok R. , Field M. , Gallagher G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe human TNF genes are located within the MHC class‐III region on chromosome 6. The presence or absence of an Nco‐I restriction site in the 5’ non‐coding sequence of the TNFβ gene defines two alleles (TNFB*1 and TNFB*2). The segregation of these alleles has been associated with levels of TNFα or TNFβ production in systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in healthy control individuals.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by high levels of TNFα within the synovial fluid and to address the question of whether this could be brought about by a genetic predisposition to high TNF production by RA individuals, we examined the distribution of this Nco‐I polymorphism in 98 healthy volunteers and 123 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. No difference was observed between the normal and RA groups with respect to haplotype segregation or allelic frequency. Furthermore, no difference was observed between DR4+ or DR4‐ individuals in the control or RA groups.These data demonstrate that the high level of TNFα seen in the joints of RA patients is unlikely to be due to a genetic predisposition of these patients to high TNFα production, as defined by the TNF Nco‐I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
ANTIGENIC CHARACTERISTICS AND cDNA SEQUENCES OF HLA‐B73
Authors: Hoffmann H.J. , Kristensen T.J. , Jensen T.G. , Graugaard B. , Lamm L.U. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe cDNA sequence and serological data for HLA‐B73 are reported. Anti‐B73 sera are found relatively frequently, considering the rarity of the antigen. It was noted early that in some cases the antibodies in sera of multiparous women did not react with the eliciting cells (fathers) and thus all behaved as a naturally occurring antibody. We report on 18 B73 antisera found during the screening of 55000 Danish sera. Only one of the 17 stimulators typed also had the B73 tissue type. Ten of the stimulators had antigens from the B7 CREG (B7, B22, B27, B42, B67, B73), whereas none of the responders had such tissue types. In seven cases the serum was not able to react with the stimulator's lymphocytes in a cytotoxicity assay and in four cases the stimulator lymphocytes could not deplete the anti‐B73 activity from the serum in absorption experiments. The cDNA of B73 was expressed correctly in COS cells and was recognized on the cell surface by a monospecific serum. The α1α2 domains of B73 are most similar to those of the HLA‐B22 family. Interestingly, the α3 and transmembrane domains of HLA‐B73 are not standard human domains, but are most similar to the corresponding domains of some gorilla and chimpanzee HLA‐B genes.
IMMUNOPRINTING EXCLUDES MANY POTENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES AS PREDISPOSING TO EARLY ONSET PAUCIARTICULAR JUVENILE CHRONIC ARTHRITIS EXCEPT HLA CLASS II AND TNF
Authors: Epplen C. , Rumpf H. , Albert E. , Haas P. , Truckenbrodt H. , Epplen J. T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDNA profiles (immunoprints) were generated for 120 patients suffering from early onset pauciarticular chronic arthritis (EOPA‐JCA) and <500 healthy controls utilizing highly polymorphic microsatellites in the vicinity of immunorelevant genes. Six T cell receptor (TCR) markers for the CD3D, TCRDVAJ, TEA, TCRBV6S1, BV6S3, BV6S7 and BV13S2 genes were analysed. Furthermore markers for the cell surface molecule CD40L, for cytokine genes (IL‐1A, IL‐2, IFN‐α, FGF‐α, TNF‐α), the chromosomal region of the 1RF2 and the cytokine receptor gene IL5RA were studied as well as two polymorphisms within the promotor region of the TNF‐α gene. Coding region polymorphisms were evidenced indirectly by repeat length variation or they were predicted from the microsatellite distribution profiles and then confirmed by direct sequence analysis. Statistical evaluations were performed with respect to known predispositions, predominance of females (<80%) and HLA‐DR and ‐DQ haplo‐types. Cell surface molecules (TCR, CD40L, IL5RA) as well as almost all cytokines (IL‐1 A, IFNα, FGFA, IRF2 region) were excluded as predisposing in our JCA panel. The TNF‐a microsatellite alleles (GT)10–12 contribute considerably to manifestation of the disease, in HLA‐DRB1*11(12) individuals (RR = 12.8). The TNF‐α allele is not found in linkage disequilibrium with HLA‐DRB1*11(12) and may be present on either chromosome 6. Thus, a novel susceptibility factor probably within the TNFAITNFB gene region has been identified via linkage with the TNF‐α microsatellite allele. Apparently complex compositions of the genetic background rather than single genes provide the precondition for manifestation of the autoimmune disease EOPA‐JCA. Immunoprinting unravels the variability of the immunological genome via the semi‐directed microsatellite approach efficiently.
ANALYSIS OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX MICROSATELLITE CL1 IN DIFFERENT HUMAN HAPLOTYPES
Authors: Ulgiati D. , Grimsley G. , Leelayuwat C. , Abraham L.J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCharacterization of the region between HLA‐B and the TNF loci in the human MHC revealed the presence of duplicated loci, named CL1 and CL2, that included repeat sequences. Development and use of a PCR typing methodology that amplified both CL microsatellites simultaneously indicated that PCR product patterns analysed on native agarose gels were allelic (Abraham et al., 1992). The purpose of the current study was to determine the molecular explanation for the unique patterns achieved. Sequence analysis of the CL1 locus from 32 chromosomes representing 10 ancestral haplotypes indicated that six alleles were present. The CL microsatellites also provided an opportunity to study the evolutionary relationships between MHC haplotypes from different racial groups. Sequence comparison of closely related ancestral haplotypes from different racial groups suggested that the CL1 microsatellite has not changed in the period since divergence.
HLA‐DPB 1 POLYMORPHISM IN SEVEN SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBES IN COLOMBIA
Authors: Briceno I. , Gomez A. , Bernal J. E. , Papiha S. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHLA‐DPB 1 allele frequencies were investigated in seven geographically and linguistically distinct Amerindian tribes of Colombia. Allele *1301 was found only in the Embera tribe living along the Pacific coast, while allele *0101 was found only in two individuals of the Wayuu tribe inhabiting the Guajira desert. Significant geographical variation was observed in the other two alleles (*1401 and *0402), which were found in all seven tribal groups. The possible reasons for this restricted polymorphism and the genetic diversity found in the investigation are discussed.
EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION OF HLA‐DQ8 (DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302) GENES IN TRANSGENIC MICE
Authors: Cheng S. , Baisch J. , Krco C. , Savarirayan S. , Hanson J. , Hodgson K. , Smart M. , David C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTransgenic mice expressing HLA‐DQA1*0301 and HLA‐DQB1*0302 genes (DQ8) were produced. The transgenes were then transferred into mouse (Ab°) class II negative mice: the only class II molecules expressed in these animals were therefore coded by the HLA‐DQ8 genes. Good expression of HLA‐DQ molecules was found. Both CD4+ T cells and DQ8‐specific T‐cell receptor Vβ expressing cells were positively selected in these mice. The HLA‐DQ8 molecules expressed in these animals can present various foreign and self antigens and induce T‐cell proliferation in vitro. These mice will be invaluable in future studies of the structure and function of HLA‐DQ8 genes.
DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION OF THE MOUSE MHC Q GENES
Authors: Wang Q. , Flaherty L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTo investigate the role of class lb genes in the Q region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the developmental expression and foetal tissue distribution of the Q genes were studied in the C57BL/6 mouse. Using RNase protection assays, we examined Q gene expression in a wide spectrum of foetal tissues at different stages of gestation. Q4, Q6 and Q8 were widely expressed in a variety of tissues. In contrast, the expression of Q1 was restricted to the thymus and intestinal epithelium.
AN APPARENT FUNCTIONAL CORRELATION BETWEEN VARIATIONS IN AMINO ACID RESIDUES IN HLA‐DR 4.1 AND 4.2 SEROLOGICAL SUBTYPES AND OLIGONUCLEOTIDE CHARACTERIZATION*
Authors: Lee. T. D. , Lee. A. , Lai S. , Huang R. , Yan L. , Lee G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHLA‐DR4 can be subdivided serologically into two specificities, DR4.1 and DR4.2, using well‐defined monospecific alloantisera used in the 11th International Histocompatibility Workshop. In this study, a total of 1095 random DR4‐positive individuals from several ethnic groups were tested first for serotype DR4.1/4.2 and then for DRB1 *04 alleles using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (SSOPH). An almost 100% correlation between samples testing positive for DR4.1 and the presence of alanine at position 74 was observed, while samples testing positive for DR4.2 correlated with the presence of glutamic acid at position 74. DRB 1*04 alleles 0401, 0402, 0404, 0405, 0408, 0409 and 0410 are aligned in functional groups which coincide with the serological subtype of DR4.1. DRB 1*04 alleles 0403, 0406, 0407 and 0411 coincide with subtype DR4.2. Amino acid substitutions at positions 57, 71 and 86 indicate other significant variations between alleles within the serological subgroup of DR4.1 and define five minor subgroups. The serologic and oligonucleotide allelic subgroups are in turn correlated with recognized cellular Dw antigens. While sequence data provide evidence of structural differences, data on cellular antigens support a functional association between these designated groups and their significance in transplantation and GVHD. Testing results are categorized by ethnic group in order to establish frequency data for donor selection criteria.
The Use of Portfolios in Coordinated School Health Programs: Benefits and Challenges to Implementation
Authors: Barnes Seraphine Pitt , Torrens Anna , George Valerie , Brown Kelli McCormack 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Coordinated school health programs (CSHP) frequently struggle with how to adequately evaluate implementation. The CSHP framework provides flexibility in how it is implemented; however, this flexibility makes it a challenge to effectively evaluate. Portfolios have been used as a technique for evaluating progress and achievement. This article describes the development and implementation of a CSHP portfolio and examines the perceptions of school personnel who have used CSHP portfolios.Methods:  This study employed content analysis and key informant interviews. Two elementary, 4 middle, and 2 high schools in Florida participated.Results:  Portfolios (N = 5) contained rich descriptions and program artifacts documenting each school’s CSHP goals and activities. Key informant interviews (N = 14) revealed that school personnel found value in completing CSHP portfolios. CSHP portfolios were described as helpful in assessing progress, facilitating transition with new members, and building support for their efforts. Barriers to portfolio development included lack of time, money, and human resources.Conclusions:  This study found the use of portfolios in documenting the implementation of the CSHP feasible and useful for school personnel. Portfolios provide a rich description of CSHP activities that may not be apparent through traditional program reports used for evaluation. As portfolios continue to be used in implementing CSHP, they may be viewed as a best process for CSHP implementation and a key element in the evaluation of CSHP.
Social Influences, and Attitudes and Beliefs Associated With Smoking Among Border Latino Youth
Authors: Chalela Patricia , Velez Luis F. , Ramirez Amelie G. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Adolescent smoking rates have declined among all ethnic groups since the late 1990s. However, despite the recent declines and intervention efforts, today smoking remains a serious problem among youth, with a quarter of adolescents being current smokers by the time they complete 12th grade. This problem is particularly prevalent among Latino youth, who have among the highest rates of lifetime and past‐30‐day use. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between psychosocial factors and the smoking behavior of Latino youth living along the Mexico‐US border.Methods:  A convenient sample of 2471 middle and high school Latino students was surveyed in fall 2000. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between study risk factors and youth smoking behavior.Results:  The strongest predictor of lifetime and past‐30‐day smoking was peer influence; however, the strength of the association was greater with recent use. There were also differences in the influence of family and attitudes and beliefs between the 2 groups.Conclusions:  These differences need to be taken into consideration to guide development of tailored prevention and control interventions aimed at this specific group. These efforts should address social influences to smoke, particularly those from peers; promote changes in attitudes and beliefs toward smoking; increase understanding of the addictive nature of nicotine; and provide development of skills young people need to resist social and environmental pressures to smoke. Strict control and enforcement measures are needed to completely eliminate the sale of cigarettes to minors.
Clinical presentation and incidence of complications in patients with coeliac disease diagnosed by relative screening
Authors: Sundar Neela , Crimmins Rosemary , Swift Gillian L 
Published: April 2007

Abstract

Background
There is an increased prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) among relatives of those with the disease.

Aims
To compare the clinical features in patients with CD detected via family screening with those in patients diagnosed routinely.

Methods
Information on screening was provided to relatives of patients. Those who wished to be screened were tested for endomysial and/or tissue transglutaminase antibodies. Duodenal biopsy was performed in those with positive antibodies. The clinical details of the relative screening group were compared with those of 105 patients diagnosed routinely.

Results
183 relatives underwent screening, of whom 32 had positive serology, 24 had histology diagnostic of CD, six had normal biopsies and two declined duodenal biopsy. Patients in the relative screening group were younger with a median age of 33 years (range 17–72 years) compared to the routine group which had a median age of 54 years (range 25–88 years). In the relative screening group, there was a male preponderance (M:F ratio 16:8), anaemia at presentation was significantly less common (13% v 58%; p&lt;0.001) and osteoporosis was less frequent (9% v 22%; p&lt;0.244) compared with the routine group. 65% of the relative screening group had gastrointestinal symptoms or anaemia at diagnosis.

Conclusions
Patients detected by family screening are younger with a male preponderance, but fewer had anaemia and osteoporosis.