bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception with percipience
Authors: Pettit Philip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Percipience involves the exercise of judgment and reasoning in relation to perception. All animals rely on direct, causal interaction with their environment to endorse the perceptual predication of properties to objects; all shift attention sub-intentionally, often in pursuit of other intentional goals; and all dismiss or neglect perceptions that prove behaviorally misleading. But equipped with percipience, the humanoids can increase the range of properties perceived, can regulate their attention intentionally in seeking the answers to various questions, and can judge and believe that things are not as they are perceived to be rather than investing perception with unquestioned authority: they can distinguish appearance from reality, finding their way to aesthetic appreciation and speculative thought. Percipience can also enhance the awareness of what they perceive, which they share with the non-percipient, transforming their consciousness-in-perception. And it can enable them, unlike other perceivers, to enjoy consciousness-of-perception: to be able to recognize as such the perceptual states in which their world is presented, and possibly mis-presented, to them.
A Musician for Hire
Authors: Winters Ben 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 examines the nature of Korngold’s contracts with Warner Bros. Although he was never employed on a permanent full-time contract, Korngold signed regular agreements between 1934 and 1946, and each of these documents reveals something about his developing relationship with the studio. As a composer under contract, he had as much or as little autonomy as any other musician working in the collaborative atmosphere of a movie studio. One of the more persistent myths about Korngold concerns the apparently special terms under which he operated at Warner Bros.—including the freedom to always choose the films on which he worked and his supposed ownership of the music he produced. This chapter challenges those myths, drawing upon evidence from the archives to provide a fuller picture of his contractual arrangements with Warner Bros.
Introduction to the Handbook
Authors: LeBaron-Black Ashley B , Kelley Heather , Sorgente Angela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Emerging adults across the globe face significant financial challenges, yet managing finances is a pivotal aspect of becoming an adult. This introduction chapter presents our evidence-based, application-centered handbook that lays the foundation for understanding financial literacy in emerging adulthood, framing it as a multifaceted concept essential for navigating this life stage. We outline the book’s structure, beginning with theoretical models and key components of financial literacy, such as financial knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. We then highlight the unique financial realities and aspirations of emerging adults, such as career development and achieving financial independence, as well as diverse personal and societal factors (e.g., socioeconomic vulnerability, culture, race) affecting this process. Finally, we emphasize the importance of targeted interventions—like parental guidance and educational programs—in fostering financial well-being.
Emerging Adults’ Financial Attitudes
Authors: Lutter Sonya , Saxey Matthew T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, we describe how emerging adults’ financial attitudes take form. During the crucial developmental period of emerging adulthood, financial attitudes can shift quickly and vastly—and we provide a few reasons why. Indeed, we delineate how emerging adults’ family of origin experiences, individual demographic characteristics, and social influences could shape their financial attitudes. Financial attitudes are especially important during this period because they can have long-term effects on emerging adults’ financial outcomes, such as financial behaviors. Understanding emerging adults’ financial attitudes provides the space for designing policy, programs, and interventions to promote financial attitudes that are associated with financial flourishing. Two suggested implementation strategies include gender-based programming and peer ambassadors for social media messaging. We also provide directions for future research throughout the chapter.
Emerging Adults’ Consumption and Borrowing Behavior
Authors: Jian Xiao Jing , Alyssa Scott  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, we review the research literature on the consumption and borrowing behavior of emerging adults. Research indicates that emerging adults have different patterns in consumption compared to other age groups. They are encouraged to engage in sustainable consumption behaviors and reduce less desirable consumption behaviors such as conspicuous consumption and overspending. To make ends meet, many emerging adults borrow funds from various sources to smooth out their consumption at their low-income, high-consumption life-cycle stage, compared to older populations. Desirable borrowing behaviors help these emerging adults better manage their finances for achieving financial flourishing and overall well-being. At the chapter’s end, we discuss future directions for research on the consumption and borrowing behaviors of emerging adults.
Cultural and Racial Considerations in Financial Literacy
Authors: Friedlmeier Mihaela , Dang Phuc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Financial literacy provides an essential foundation for the flourishing of emerging adults around the world. Ethnic, cultural, and cross-cultural considerations in connection to financial literacy (e.g., knowledge, skills, attitudes), behaviors, and well-being of emerging adults help us understand unique but also universal challenges in the 21st century. While scholars have examined aspects of the culture–finances link in some world regions (e.g., North America, Australia, Europe), there is limited published literature from other parts of the world (e.g., Asia, Africa, South America). The current chapter first introduces the concept of (national) culture and identifies important cultural dimensions in connection to financial literacy. A review of the relevant literature from around the world is presented, followed by culturally sensitive suggestions for flourishing financially in emerging adulthood.
Financial Education of Emerging Adults
Authors: Porto Nilton , Carroll Kathryn A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We review four possible sources of financial education for emerging adults: college, work, the military, and on their own via free access resources. For each, we discuss benefits, challenges, and current trends. This chapter primarily focuses on the experience of U.S. emerging adults due to greater data availability, although international examples and research are also discussed. To examine the relationships between prior financial education, literacy, and behaviors, we also provide an example of financial education in action. We use a survey with emerging adults enrolled at a 4-year public university in the Southern United States to examine differences between financial education groups (those with and without prior financial education). We find that a general education college financial course may be one way to help address potential discrepancies between these financial education groups. Finally, we discuss needs and areas for improvement and advancement in current financial education programming and dissemination.
Conclusion and Future Research Directions
Authors: Danes Sharon M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The important study of the financial journey of emerging adults is in its infancy. This book captures what we currently know about financial literacy and how it relates to the flourishing and floundering of emerging adults. This chapter summarizes the current state of financial literacy research. It also provides questions, challenges, and ideas for future research. Suggestions include: (1) establishing more precise conceptual definitions, (2) collecting samples more representative of the emerging adult population, (3) collecting longitudinal data to reflect the fluctuating nature of financial decision-making and behavior over time (turning and tipping points), (4) utilizing qualitative methodologies to capture nuances of decision-making and financial capability, (5) transitioning from financial literacy to financial capability as a research focus, (6) introducing the financial capability systems theory (FCST), and (7) capturing perceptions and comprehensions underlying financial capability identity verification as motivators of the financial decision process.
Altruistic ToN
Authors: Zhang Yaning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces altruistic ToN, which corresponds to the Commission’s institutional facet as a judicial trustee. As the first ideal type of the Commission’s enforcement forbearance, altruistic ToN argues that enforcement leniency enables the Commission to cope with inherent deficiencies of the EU legal order and thus maintain its stability. Through the infringement case against unlawful restrictions on pharmaceutical parallel trade by three member states, this chapter traces how enforcement leniency in this case navigates the Commission through a litigation dilemma that pits the protection of human life against the integrity of the internal market law. This case study demonstrates that ToN is not necessarily a ‘malady’ of the rule of law, as it has the potential, at least temporarily, to mitigate the deficiencies of the EU legal order.
Egocentric ToN
Authors: Zhang Yaning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces egocentric ToN, which corresponds to the Commission’s institutional facet as a political agent. Building upon the classic argument that the Commission uses targeted enforcement to advance its legislative agenda in the Council, egocentric ToN adds that strategic enforcement can also impose policy change directly on member states, regardless of the supranational legislative process. To illustrate the logic of egocentric ToN, this chapter focuses on the relinquishment of the defence offset autonomy of the Czech government. To outlaw defence offset—a long-standing protective procurement practice in the EU, the Commission utilized the infringement case against a problematic defence contract of Prague as a bargaining chip to force the latter to give up its defence offset programme. This case shows that the enforcement discretion of the Commission can have autonomous policy impact, only if the functional concerns of member states are sufficiently addressed.
Conclusion
Authors: Zhang Yaning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the main findings of the previous chapters and discusses the theoretical and normative implications of enforcement forbearance. The empirical evidence of the four in-depth case studies of ToN collectively demonstrates that the proposed conceptualization and typology of ToN are highly valid and promising. Additionally, findings from the case studies also add to the broad scholarly discussions such as the judicial relations between the Commission and the Court of Justice. More importantly, this book shows that the legitimacy of enforcement forbearance is far from certain, and it largely rests on the specific enforcement motives of the Commission and its legitimation efforts. All these complexities around enforcement forbearance require follow-up research into the generality of ToN in the EU and other regional or international organizations.
Introduction
Authors: Kubátová Hana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Introduction establishes the central concern of the book, revolving around how Christian nationalism gave rise to the Slovak state while also enabling genocide. Christian nationalism, it explains, provided the ideological terrain on which the regime and those at the edges collaborated to envision and work toward a racial society centered around the privileged Slovak and Christian nation. It also introduces arguments about the significant role played by meso-level actors, teachers, doctors, and clergy especially, in translating and molding concepts introduced from above. These arguments lay the groundwork to help the reader understand conceptually that the interplay between the center and the edges, and between the elites and the masses, shaped how the official state ideology of Christian nationalism materialized on the ground in the form of communal complicity in genocide. Next, it provides an overview of the historical and geographical scope of the study, the types of sources used, and how this work enhances a larger body of scholarship that has elided the significance of Slovakia to the history of the Holocaust, the intertwined relationship between Slovak formal independence and the Holocaust, and the complexities of complicity with Jozef Tiso’s regime in the eastern peripheries. Finally, the chapter explains the book’s structure and key terms used throughout the book.
The Edges
Authors: Kubátová Hana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter moves to the edges of the newly independent nation, a rural region in flux. Eastern Slovakia, and its Šariš Zemplín County in particular, held a significant place in the collective imagination of the nation. It was the supposed birthplace of the nation and the stronghold of its religious beliefs. However, being situated on the fringes of the Slovak people, especially along the contested eastern borderlands, these areas posed challenges to the vision of discipline and progress of the fascist regime. Eastern Slovakia was a diverse region, encompassing various ethnic groups, such as Slovaks with both Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic traditions, Czechs, Hungarians, Rusyns, and the largest Jewish and Romani populations in the country. It was also the least developed region of the state, and, as such, reliant on support from the central authorities. Nevertheless, and as revealed here, eastern Slovakia was not merely a passive object of the regime; it possessed its own agency. This chapter argues that the eastern borderlands of the state, with its different categories of people and groups, could make or break the fascist order. This explains why the peripheries of the state came to be at the core of the regime’s operations: it was here that the state’s boundaries were shaped, and it was here that the state’s ideology was ultimately put to the test.
Student Activities in Public Universities
Authors: Ramzy Farah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter follows the emergence of Student Activities, a cluster of new organizations of which the main form was a set of simulation models (e.g., Model United Nation), in Egyptian public universities in the late 1990s. Student Activities reflected the neoliberal mission of higher education and contributed to consolidating it. Nonetheless, they reveal the complexities of authoritarian neoliberalism and of its impact on students and student politics both before and after 2011. While Student Activities intersected with the socio-economic visions of Mubarak’s and later El-Sisi’s regime, various dynamics of politicization resulted from students’ negotiation of the potentialities of the space and the meaning of its activities: critique of the regime, intersections with protest movements and parties, adaptations of Islamist discourses, and action towards broader social change. Dynamics of politicization coexisted with active strategies of depoliticization that actors pursued, inevitably due to their neoliberal logic, and due to the necessity to survive in an increasingly restrictive environment.
Artificial Intelligence assisted detection of large vessel occlusion on CT angiography in acute stroke patients: A multi-reader multi-case study
Authors: Nagaratnam K , Mathieson P , Podlasek A , Slade P , Ford G A , Cox A , Briggs J H , Woodhead Z V J , Harston G 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
We assessed the impact of artificial intelligence software (e-CTA, Brainomix) on clinical decision-making in patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke.

Methods
A retrospective, multi-reader-multi-case crossover design compared readers' performance with versus without software support. Twenty cases were included, 10 with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and 10 without LVO. Twenty one NHS clinicians, representing intended software users ranging in experience, conducted two sessions (washout period &gt;2 weeks). In session one, software support was provided for 10 randomly selected cases. In session two, support allocation was reversed. Outcome measures included LVO detection, collateral scoring, diagnosis, treatment decision, time taken and confidence.

Results
Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of LVO detection improved with imaging software for LVO detection, with increased confidence and reduced time taken. There was no significant difference in collateral scoring or diagnoses.

Conclusion
e-CTA can improve performance of NHS clinicians when interpreting acute stroke imaging.

Advances in knowledge
This paper provides new evidence that AI decision support software has the capacity to improve the performance of representative users in the NHS when interpreting imaging to identify patients for acute stroke treatments.
PEAR: privacy-preserving and effective aggregation for byzantine-robust federated learning in real-world scenarios
Authors: Sun Han , Zhang Yan , Zhuang Huiping , Li Jiatong , Xu Zhen , Wu Liji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative training of global models among distributed clients without sharing local data. Secure aggregation, a new security primitive of FL, enhances the confidentiality of data and model parameters. Unfortunately, privacy-preserving (PP) FL is vulnerable to common poisoning attacks by Byzantine adversaries. Existing defense strategies mainly focus on identifying abnormal local gradients over plaintexts, which provides a weak privacy guarantee. In PPFL, adversaries can escape existing defenses by uploading encrypted poisonous gradients. In addition, most mainstream aggregation algorithms assume that clients’ local training data is uniformly distributed, Independent and Identically Distributed (IID), which is unrealistic for real-world FL scenarios where data are only stored on large-scale terminal devices. To address these issues, we propose PEAR, a PP aggregation strategy based on single key-dual server CKKS full homomorphic encryption in real-world distributed scenarios, which can resist encrypted poisoning attacks. Specifically, we use cosine similarity to measure the distance between encrypted gradients. Then, we propose a novel Byzantine-tolerance aggregation mechanism using cosine similarity, which includes trust score generation that can tolerate differentiated local gradients and a two-step weight generation method that considers both the degree of gradient deviation in direction and training data size. This mechanism can achieve robustness for both IID and non-IID data without compromising privacy. Our extensive evaluations for two typical poisoning attacks on different datasets show that PEAR is robust and effective in IID and non-IID data and outperforms existing mainstream Byzantine-robust algorithms, especially achieving 16.4% to 53.2% testing error rate reduction in non-IID settings with significant label distribution and quantity skew while maintaining the same efficiency as FedAvg.
Identification and functional characterization of genes associated with anthocyanin acylation in blueberry
Authors: Mengist Molla F , Abid Muhammad Ali , Grace Mary H , Seth Romit , Bassil Nahla , Kay Colin D , Dare Andrew P , Chagné David , Espley Richard V , Neilson Andrew , Lila Mary Ann , Ferruzzi Mario , Iorizzo Massimo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Blueberry is promoted as a super food with several health properties derived from chlorogenic acid and anthocyanin. Previous studies indicated that anthocyanin acylation and the content of chlorogenic acid could affect their level of absorption and biological activity. In this study, a genome-wide association study was performed to identify loci associated with anthocyanin and chlorogenic acid and characterize the candidate genes controlling anthocyanin acylation. Two stable loci controlling anthocyanin acylation and glucose specific glycosylation were confirmed on chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively, while no stable loci associated with chlorogenic acid were identified. Two acyl-CoA acyltransferases named VcBAHD-AT1 and VcBAHD-AT4, were identified as best candidate genes controlling anthocyanin acylation. Interestingly, the two genes clustered in acyl-CoA acyltransferases clade III, a clade that is not commonly associated with anthocyanin acylation. A Virus-induced gene silencing approach optimized for silencing VcBAHD-AT1 and VcBAHD-AT4 in the whole blueberry fruits, confirmed the role of these two genes in anthocyanin acylation. Overall, this study establishes the foundation to develop a molecular marker to select for higher acylated anthocyanin and delivered a method for rapid functional characterization of genes associated with other fruit related traits in blueberry. Also, the study adds evidence that during the evolution of acyl-CoA acyltransferases multiple routes led to the emergence and/or fixation of the anthocyanin acyltransferase activity. These outcomes advance knowledge about the genes controlling anthocyanin acylation in blueberries and that extend to other plants. Selecting new blueberry cultivars with higher acylated anthocyanin levels could potentially increase absorption of this health related bioactive.
ADAM: Automated Digital phenotyping And Morphological texture analysis of bone biopsy images using deep learning
Authors: Bharadwaj Satvika , Lima Florence , Pathak Tilak Bahadur , Dhamdhere Rohan , Fu Pingfu , Malluche Hartmut , Rao Madhumathi , Madabhushi Anant 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified bone biopsy images provides quantitative assessment of bone turnover, volume, and mineralization using static and dynamic parameters. Traditionally, quantification has relied on manual annotation and tracing of relevant tissue structures, a process that is time-intensive and subject to inter-operator variability. We developed ADAM, an automated pipeline for digital phenotyping, to quantify tissue and cellular components pertinent to static histomorphometric parameters such as bone and osteoid area, osteoclast and osteoblast count, and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) area. The pipeline allowed rapid generation of delineated tissue and cell maps for up to 20 images in less than a minute. Comparing deep learning-generated annotation pixels with manual annotations, we observed Spearman correlation coefficients of ρ = 0.99 for both mineralized bone and osteoid, and ρ = 0.94 for BMAT. For osteoclast and osteoblast cell counts, which are subject to morphologic heterogeneity, using only brightfield microscopic images and without additional staining, we noted ρ = 0.60 and 0.69, respectively (inter-operator correlation was ρ = 0.62 for osteoclast and 0.84 for osteoblast count). The study also explored the application of Morphological Texture Analysis (MTA), measuring relative pixel patterns that potentially vary with diverse tissue conditions. Notably, MTA from mineralized bone, osteoid, and BMAT showed differentiating potential to identify common pixel characteristics between images labeled as low or high bone turnover based upon the final diagnostic report of the bone biopsy. The AUC-ROC obtained for BMAT MTA features as a classifier for bone turnover, was 0.87, suggesting that computer-extracted features, not discernable to the human eye, hold potential in classifying tissue states. With additional evaluation, ADAM could be potentially integrated into existing clinical routines to improve pathology workflows and contribute to diagnostic insights into bone biopsy evaluation and reporting.