bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden of hyperlipidaemia and diabetes in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Merkler Marijan , Reiner Željko 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHyperlipidaemia and diabetes are among the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The incidence of CVD, as evidenced by the respective mean incident rate for each of the risk factor, is quite high throughout the European countries. Of late, these risk factors for CVD, especially for hyperlipidaemia and diabetes are setting in at an alarming rate in many of the low‐ and medium‐income countries also, particularly among their urban populations. Therefore, planning and implementing programmes for prevention of CVD, particularly for controlling risk factors like hyperlipidaemia and diabetes should be accorded high priority.
Glitazones in the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Bouhlel Mohamed Amine , Chinetti‐Gbaguidi Giulia , Staels Bart 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis review focuses on the recent advances on the role of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ in the modulation of vascular lipid homeostasis and the inflammatory response and the potential role of these activities in the modulation of metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
Expression of E‐cadherin in canine anal sac gland carcinoma and its association with survival*
Authors: Polton G. A. , Brearley M. J. , Green L. M. , Scase T. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether an association could be demonstrated between survival and the expression of the adhesion molecule E‐cadherin by the neoplastic cells in a group of dogs with anal sac gland carcinomas (ASGCs). Archived formalin‐fixed, paraffin wax‐embedded primary tumour specimens were obtained for 36 cases of canine ASGC with known clinical management and survival data. Immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate E‐cadherin expression by the neoplastic cells and data were evaluated for an association between E‐cadherin expression and survival. On univariate analysis, the median survival time for cases with tumours expressing E‐cadherin in more than 75% of cells was significantly greater than that for cases with tumours expressing E‐cadherin in fewer than 75% of cells (1168 versus 448 days, P = 0.0246). Both E‐cadherin expression and presence or absence of distant metastases were significantly associated with survival on multivariate analysis. This study demonstrates that expression of E‐cadherin at the cytoplasmic membrane in canine ASGCs is variable and potentially predictive of survival.
Transforming mylonitic metagranite by open‐system interactions during melt flow
Authors: HASALOVÁ P. , ŠTÍPSKÁ P. , POWELL R. , SCHULMANN K. , JANOUŠEK V. , LEXA O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGneisses and migmatites of the Gföhl unit (Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif) range from banded mylonitic orthogneiss with recrystallized monomineralic bands, through stromatic (metatexite) and schlieren (inhomogeneous diatexite) migmatite, to isotropic nebulite (homogeneous diatexite). This sequence was classically attributed to increasing degree of anatexis. Under the microscope, the evolution is characterized by progressive destruction of the monomineralic banding that characterizes the original mylonitic orthogneiss. Throughout, the mineral assemblage is biotite–K‐feldspar–plagioclase–quartz ± garnet ± sillimanite, but the mineral compositions exhibit systematic changes with progressive disintegration of the layering. From banded orthogneiss to nebulite, the garnet composition changes systematically, Alm75→94Prp17→0.8Grs2.5→1.2Sps2→11 and XFe = 0.45→0.99 and for biotite, XFe = 0.80→1. This is consistent with a decrease in equilibration temperature and pressure of 790 °C and 8.5–6 kbar, to 690 °C and 5–4 kbar respectively. There is also a systematic change of whole‐rock composition, marked by an increase in SiO2 (71→77 wt%) and XFe (0.62→0.85) and by a decrease in Al2O3 (16→13 wt%) and CaO (1.50→0.43 wt%). Assuming that the rocks started with the same composition, these systematic changes indicate open‐system behaviour. The predicted consequences of various open‐system processes are assessed using thermodynamic modelling. The observed variations are interpreted as being a consequence of melt flow through, and interaction with the rocks, and, to change the rock composition sufficiently, a large volume of melt must have been involved.
Does Early Migraine Treatment Shorten Time to Headache Peak and Reduce Its Severity?
Authors: Hu X. Henry , Ng‐Mak Daisy , Cady Roger 
Published: November 2007

Objective.— To explore whether early treatment would shorten the duration of headache from headache onset to its peak and reduce headache severity at peak.Background.— Prior clinical studies almost exclusively focused on headache relief after dosing. No data are available on whether early intervention affects the duration from headache onset to peak and headache severity at peak.Methods.— Adult migraineurs were enrolled in this observational study from multi‐site headache clinics. Patients recorded their migraine experiences via an electronic diary over 1 month. Patients reported the time and pain severity at onset, dosing, and peak. We used a linear mixed model to evaluate the impact of the timing of treatment and to adjust for covariates and correlation of observations within subjects.Results.— A total of 182 patients reported 970 migraine episodes, 620 of which were treated before headaches progressed to peak. Mean time from headache onset to peak varied from 1.9 hours to 8.9 hours for patients treated within 15 minutes of onset and those who waited for 4 or more hours, respectively. However, early intervention was not associated with reduced headache severity at peak. In multivariate analysis, early treatment, use of triptans, and mild migraine headache in the past 3 months were significantly associated with shorter time from onset to headache peak. A separate model indicated that the timing of medication was not associated with the duration between dosing and headache peak, but use of triptans shortened the time from dosing to headache peak.Conclusions.— Early treatment and use of triptans may lead to shorter duration from migraine headache onset to its peak but did not alleviate headache severity at peak. This could result in decreased migraine burden by reducing total migraine headache duration.
Increased Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 Levels in Migraineurs
Authors: Imamura Keiko , Takeshima Takao , Fusayasu Emi , Nakashima Kenji 
Published: November 2007

Background and Objective.— Cortical spreading depression and neurogenic inflammation have been hypothesized to be key steps in the development of migraine headache. Recent studies have highlighted matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in cortical spreading depression, neurogenic inflammation, and cerebral ischemia. To seek their possible association, we investigated plasma MMP‐9 levels in migraineurs during headache‐free periods.Methods.— Plasma MMP‐9 levels in 84 migraine subjects and 61 controls were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, 23 patients with tension type headache were included in the study as comparative subjects.Results.— The MMP‐9 levels in migraineurs (42.5 ± 4.6 ng/mL, mean ± SE) were significantly higher than those in controls (25.4 ± 2.7 ng/mL, P < .005). Those levels in tension type headache subjects (24.6 ± 4.8 ng/mL) did not differ from those in controls. There was no significant difference between subjects having migraine with aura and those without aura. The MMP‐9 levels did not correlate with age, duration of illness, frequency of migraine attack, duration of headache attack, or medication for headache. Mean plasma MMP‐9 levels were the highest in subjects from whom blood samples were taken 2‐4 days after their latest attack.Conclusions.— The degradation of extracellular matrix showing the increase of MMP‐9 in migrainurs may be associated with an abnormality in their blood vessel permeability. MPP‐9 plays some role in migraine pathophysiology. Further studies of MMPs are necessary to elucidate their role.
Percutaneous Balloon Compression for Trigeminal Neuralgias and Autonomic Cephalalgia
Authors: Constantoyannis Constantine , Kagadis George , Chroni Elisabeth 
Published: November 2007

Objective.— This prospective study aimed to evaluate the results of percutaneous trigeminal ganglion balloon compression (BC) in patients with various types of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and autonomic cephalalgia.Methods.— Twenty‐five consecutive patients underwent BC and were followed up for 27‐60 months. They were divided into 2 groups: group A (n = 18) patients with idiopathic TN and group B (n = 7) patients with secondary TN (n = 5) and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) (n = 2).Results.— Postoperatively, 15 patients in group A experienced pain relief, one required medication and 2 had no response; in group B, 6 were free of pain, including the 2 patients with TAC, and one required medication. Complications in both groups were either functionally trivial or infrequent. None of the patients developed keratitis or anesthesia dolorosa. Pain recurrence occurred early (<6 months) in one patient from group B, and late in 2 patients from group A.Conclusion.— Balloon compression is a minimally invasive procedure that seems to be comparably successful for idiopathic and secondary TN, as well as TAC. However, further studies are deemed necessary to establish it as the first‐line treatment in medically resistant trigeminal pain.
Concomitant Triptan and SSRI or SNRI Use: A Risk for Serotonin Syndrome
Authors: Sclar David A. , Robison Linda M. , Skaer Tracy L. 
Published: November 2007

Objective.— To discern the prevalence of concomitant use of a triptan and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or a selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) in the USA.Background.— In July, 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration warned patients and health‐care professionals to be aware that use of a triptan in combination with an SSRI or an SNRI may result in a potentially life‐threatening problem known as serotonin syndrome.Methods.— We used weighted data from the US National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for years 2003 and 2004 to derive national estimates of the number of office‐based visits documenting concomitant use of a triptan and an SSRI or an SNRI.Results.— During the time frame 2003‐04, an annualized mean of 3,874,367 patients were prescribed a triptan, and 50,402,149 patients were prescribed an SSRI or an SNRI. An annualized mean of 694,276 patients were simultaneously prescribed or continued use of a triptan along with an SSRI or SNRI.Conclusion.— Our study documents that 1.3% of patients prescribed a triptan or an SSRI or an SNRI were prescribed the potentially fatal combination. While this is a small fraction overall, the actual number of patients on a nationwide basis is significant (n = 694,276).
TDIQ (5,6,7,8–tetrahydro‐1,3‐dioxolo [4,5‐g]isoquinoline): Discovery, Pharmacological Effects, and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Young Richard 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTChemically, TDIQ (5,6,7,8–tetrahydro‐1,3‐dioxolo[4,5‐g]isoquinoline) can be viewed as a conformationally restricted phenylalkylamine that is related in structure to amphetamine but does not stimulate (or depress) locomotor activity in rodents. In radioligand binding studies TDIQ displays selective affinity for α2‐adrenergic receptor subsites (i.e., α2A‐, α2B‐, and α2C‐adrenergic receptors), and behavioral data suggest that it might exert an agonist (or partial agonist) effect at α2‐adrenergic receptors or interact at α2‐adrenergic heteroreceptors. Drug discrimination studies in rats indicate that TDIQ: (1) serves as a discriminative stimulus, (2) may be useful in the treatment of symptoms associated with the abuse of cocaine, and (3) exhibits a low potential for abuse. In addition, TDIQ exhibits a dose‐dependent and wide dissociation between doses that produce an anxiolytic‐like effect or an inhibition of “snack” consumption in mice and doses that produce minimal, if any, effects in tests that measure a potential for disruption of coordinated movement or motor activity. Also, TDIQ displays negligible effects on the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) of mice. Taken together, the preclinical data suggest that TDIQ exhibits a favorable ratio of therapeutic‐like effects (anxiolytic, therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of cocaine abuse, and appetite suppression) to side effect‐like activities (behavioral impairment, drug abuse, or adverse cardiovascular effect). As such, TDIQ could: (1) be a forerunner for a new type of chemical entity in the treatment of certain forms of anxiety and/or obesity and (2) serve as a structural template in the discovery and development of additional agents that might be selective for α2‐adrenergic receptors.
The Preclinical Properties of a Novel Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonist LY379268
Authors: Imre Gabor 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTActivation of group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2/3) receptors reduces excessive glutamate release that is often associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This finding encouraged the search for potent and selective agonists as potential therapeutic agents. The search led to the discovery of LY379268 {(‐)‐2‐oxa‐4‐aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane‐4,6‐dicarboxylic acid}, which is a highly potent and systemically available mGlu2/3 receptor agonist. LY379268 was effective in several animal models of stroke, epilepsy, drug abuse, schizophrenia, and pain. Suppression of motor activity is the major side effect of LY379268. Upon repeated administration tolerance develops to this side effect, while the therapeutic effects of LY379268 remain. To date, no clinical data with LY379268 are available. This review article summarizes the preclinical pharmacology of LY379268.
Long‐Term Clinical Benefit of Sirolimus‐Eluting Stents Compared to Bare Metal Stents in the Treatment of Saphenous Vein Graft Disease
Authors: MINUTELLO ROBERT M. , BHAGAN SHERRITA , SHARMA ATUL , SLOTWINER ALEXANDER J. , FELDMAN DMITRIY N. , CUOMO LINDA J. , WONG S. CHIU 
Published: November 2007

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) in the treatment of saphenous vein graft (SVG) disease.
Background:

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of SVG lesions with bare metal stents (BMS) is associated with frequent in‐stent restenosis, progression of disease in nonstented SVG segments, and suboptimal clinical outcomes. While SES have been shown to reduce restenosis rates in various native lesion subsets, the long‐term clinical impact of SES use in SVG lesions is less clear.
Methods:

We compared our first 59 patients who underwent SES implantation in SVGs with 50 consecutive patients who received BMS in an equivalent time period prior to SES availability. Clinical outcomes were compared in both groups.
Results:

Baseline clinical variables between the two groups were similar. Mean graft age in the SES cohort was older than that in the BMS cohort (12.9 years vs. 9.4 years). At follow‐up, the SES group had a 24.6% absolute lower incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (25.4% vs. 50.0%), driven by a 20.7% absolute lower incidence of target vessel revascularization (TVR) (15.3% vs. 36.0%). The SES treatment group had a 24.1% lower rate of clinical restenosis (11.9% vs. 36.0%). The use of a SES was an independent negative predictor of MACE at a mean follow‐up of 20 months (odds ratio [OR]= 0.48,P = 0.03).
Conclusions:

Despite the placement of longer stents in patients with older, smaller SVGs, the use of SES in the treatment of SVG lesions appears to be safe and is associated with less clinical restenosis and more favorable long‐term clinical outcomes as compared with BMS.
Modélisation spatiale de la pauvretéà Montréal: apport méthodologique de la régression géographiquement pondérée
Authors: APPARICIO PHILIPPE , SÉGUIN ANNE‐MARIE , LELOUP XAVIER 
Published: November 2007

Spatial Modeling of Poverty in Montréal: Methodological Contribution of the Geographically Weighted RegressionThe Island of Montréal is particularly concerned with the issue of poverty. In 2000, 29 percent of its inhabitants lived under the low income cut‐offs as defined by Statistics Canada. However, poverty is not a homogeneous phenomenon at the intra‐urban scale, and identifying and categorizing spaces of poverty has become a main concern for ongoing researches. According to this way of thinking, this paper proposes an analysis of the factors influencing the geographical distribution of poverty on the Island of Montréal. To be able to identify properly the various profiles of poverty, this analysis uses a specific methodology, the geographically weighted regression (GWR), and compares its results with the ones of a classical regression model. At the global level, the most important factors to explain poverty are in order: unemployment, lone‐parent families, one person households, recent immigrants, part time or part year workers, school dropouts. At the local level,
Optimization of pheromone lure and trap design for monitoring the fir coneworm, Dioryctria abietivorella
Authors: Strong Ward B. , Millar Jocelyn G. , Grant Gary G. , Moreira Jardel A. , Michael Chong J. , Rudolph Carline 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe major components of the sex pheromone of Dioryctria abietivorella (Groté) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were recently identified as (9Z,11E)‐tetradecadien‐1‐yl acetate (9Z,11E‐14:Ac) and a polyunsaturated, long‐chain hydrocarbon (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)‐pentacosapentaene (C25 pentaene). The optimal ratio of these components and the role of potential minor components were not fully determined in the initial short report on the pheromone's identification. We tested different ratios of the two major components loaded into grey halobutyl rubber septum dispensers, placed in sticky traps deployed in conifer breeding arboreta. The optimal ratio of the two components was 200 µg 9Z,11E‐14:Ac to 2000 µg C25 pentaene. (Z)‐9‐Tetradecen‐1‐yl acetate, which had been identified previously in female pheromone gland extracts, and five other potential minor pheromone components, were tested individually as additions to the optimized two‐component lure blend. None of the ternary blends were more attractive than the optimized two‐component blend, at the ratios tested. Two lure adjuvants, a UV stabilizer (Sumisorb 300) and the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene, added individually or together, did not affect the attractiveness of the optimized lure blend. The Pherotech diamond sticky trap baited with the optimized lure blend was the most effective trap design among eight types of sticky trap and a bucket style trap that were tested. Traps baited with synthetic lures were as attractive as traps baited with virgin female moths. The optimized two‐component lure blend in the Pherotech diamond trap is recommended for monitoring fir coneworm infestations. The availability of an effective synthetic pheromone opens the possibility for control tactics using mating disruption or attract‐and‐kill techniques.
Evaluation of survivin and NF‐κB in psoriasis, an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Abdou Asmaa Gaber , Hanout Hayam Mohamed 
Published: November 2007

Background:  Suppression of apoptosis is generally one of the accepted pathogenetic mechanisms for psoriasis and any epidermal hyperproliferative states. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family mediating its apoptosis suppressive function by the inhibition of caspase pathway. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) is a transcription factor that regulates hundreds of genes including many critically involved in apoptosis. The aim of this study was to explore the role could be played by survivin and NF‐κB in psoriasis and the link between them.Methods:  Thirty cases of lesional psoriasis, 10 perilesional and 10 control specimens from normal skin were studied by immunohistochemical method for expression of survivin and NF‐κB.Results:  Survivin was detected in 73% of psoriatic lesions distributed either in epidermis, in endothelial cells of proliferating capillaries or in both of them. In non‐psoriatic lesions either perilesional or control specimens, survivin was confined to basal layer of epidermis, significantly up regulated in psoriasis in comparison with non‐psoriatic lesions (p = 0.0001). Nuclear expression of NF‐κB was detected in 66% of psoriatic lesions; this active phosphorylated form was significantly over expressed in psoriasis in comparison with normal skin (p = 0.0004). Diffuse nuclear expression of NF‐κB was significantly associated with up‐regulation of survivin in psoriatic plaque (p = 0.03).Conclusions:  Survivin and NF‐κB appeared to be important factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Survivin could be the target of NF‐κB mediating its death signal inhibition pathway in psoriasis.
Hedgehog Theory: How to Read a Romantic Fragment Poem
Authors: Bradshaw Michael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe writing and publication of unfinished texts has long been a recognised feature of the British Romantic period. Recent scholarship has observed that the reading public in the late 18th century and early 19th century became accustomed to the fragment, and found it acceptable and even fashionable: the idea of an unfinished text evolved from being a failure of genre, into a quasi‐genre in it own right. Poets such as Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats published texts in unfinished forms, and often advertised this fact rather than apologised for it. One established critical method of reading the Romantic fragment poem is in relation to key features of German Romantic philosophy, especially the fragmentary writings of Friedrich Schlegel, who developed a theory of the artistic or philosophical fragment as a radiant moment that reached beyond its own boundaries. Modern interpretations of Romantic fragments have included formalist, deconstructionist and New Historicist approaches. This article provides a survey of the most influential overviews of the Romantic fragment, arguing for the importance of maintaining a simple common terminology that distinguishes between those fragments that were deliberately published by the author, and those that are recovered by editors. There is some analysis of examples from Coleridge, Ann Batten Cristall and Lord Byron, in which the versatility of fragment poems is explored, with an emphasis on self‐reflexivity, the text providing an allegory of its own reading. The article argues that fragment poems are highly useful in the teaching of Romanticism, since they demand bold, imaginative readings that project a resolution beyond the text, and thus dramatise in miniature some key aspects of Romantic thought and aesthetics, such as thwarted idealism, and the visionary longing for the absolute.