bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Electrochemical Rapid Induction of Highly Active γ‐NiOOH Species for Industrial Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Wang Fu‐Li , Tan Jin‐Long , Jin Zheng‐Yang , Gu Chao‐Yue , Lv Qian‐Xi , Dong Yi‐Wen , Lv Ren‐Qing , Dong Bin , Chai Yong‐Ming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLimited by the strong oxidation environment and sluggish reconstruction process in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), designing rapid self‐reconstruction with high activity and stability electrocatalysts is crucial to promoting anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzer. Herein, trace Fe/S‐modified Ni oxyhydroxide (Fe/S‐NiOOH/NF) nanowires are constructed via a simple in situ electrochemical oxidation strategy based on precipitation‐dissolution equilibrium. In situ characterization techniques reveal that the successful introduction of Fe and S leads to lattice disorder and boosts favorable hydroxyl capture, accelerating the formation of highly active γ‐NiOOH. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have also verified that the incorporation of Fe and S optimizes the electrons redistribution and the d‐band center, decreasing the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step (*O→*OOH). Benefited from the unique electronic structure and intermediate adsorption, the Fe/S‐NiOOH/NF catalyst only requires the overpotential of 345 mV to reach the industrial current density of 1000 mA cm−2 for 120 h. Meanwhile, assembled AEM water electrolyzer (Fe/S‐NiOOH//Pt/C‐60 °C) can deliver 1000 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 2.24 V, operating at the average energy efficiency of 71% for 100 h. In summary, this work presents a rapid self‐reconstruction strategy for high‐performance AEM electrocatalysts for future hydrogen economy.
Ultra‐Strong Janus Covalent Organic Framework Membrane with Smart Response to Organic Vapor
Authors: Cheng Gong , Sui Chao , Hao Weizhe , Li Jiaxuan , Zhao Yushun , Miao Linlin , Zhao Guoxin , Li Junjiao , Sang Yuna , Zhao Chenxi , Wen Lei , He Xiaodong , Wang Chao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVapor‐driven smart Janus materials have made significant advancements in intelligent monitoring, control, and interaction, etc. Nevertheless, the development of ultrafast response single‐layer Janus membrane, along with a deep exploration of the smart response mechanisms, remains a long‐term endeavor. Here, the successful synthesis of a high‐crystallinity single‐layer Covalent organic framework (COF) Janus membrane is reported by morphology control. This kind of membrane displays superior mechanical properties and specific surface area, along with excellent responsiveness to CH2Cl2 vapor. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms reveals that the vapor‐induced breathing effect of the COF and the stress mismatch of the Janus structure play a crucial role in its smart deformation performance. It is believed that this COF Janus membrane holds promise for complex tasks in various fields.
Rural healthcare access and supply constraints: A causal analysis
Authors: Melo Vitor , Sigaud Liam , Neilson Elijah , Bjoerkheim Markus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCertificate‐of‐Need (CON) laws require that healthcare providers receive approval from a state board before offering additional services in a given community. Proponents of CON laws claim that these laws are needed to prevent the oversupply of healthcare services in urban areas and to increase access in rural areas, which are predominantly underserved. Yet, the policy could lower rural access if used by incumbents to limit entry from competitors. We explore the repeal of these regulations in five U.S. states to offer the first estimate of the causal effects of CON laws on rural and urban healthcare access. We find that repealing CON laws causes a substantial increase in hospitals in both rural and urban areas. We also find that the repeal leads to fewer beds and smaller hospitals on average, suggesting an increase in entry and competition in both rural and urban areas.
Voacangine mitigates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in middle cerebral artery occlusion‐induced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by averting the NF‐κBp65/MAPK signaling pathways in rats
Authors: Xu Bo , Wu Hua , Guo Wei , Hussain Shaik Althaf , Wang Tian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIschemic stroke is a leading cause of human mortality. Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a primary cause of stroke. Ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) resulting in oxidative stress and inflammatory events may lead to severe neuronal impairments. Thus, anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory mediators that can alleviate post‐I/R neuronal injuries are required for the treatment of CI/RI. An alkaloid, voacangine (VCG) is a recognized antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer agent. Hence, the current study intended to explore the neuroprotective potential and the principal mechanisms of VCG in CI/RI. The experimental rats were divided into four sets: control, I/R‐induced, I/R + VCG (2.5 mg/kg), I/R + VCG (5 mg/kg). CI/RI was induced by implanting a thread into the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Brain damages were assessed on the basis of brain edema, brain infarct volume, neurological deficit score, histopathology, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Results revealed that VCG inhibited the triggering of NLRP3 inflammasome, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, but enhanced the antioxidant status in MCAO rats. Furthermore, VCG treatment averted brain damage by I/R, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress by suppressing NF‐κBp65/MAPK pathways. The results of the study provide pertinent insights pertaining to the role of VCG as a potential neuroprotective agent against ischemic stroke.
Hotspot sheep scab management: A community‐based regional approach in England
Authors: Burgess Stewart T. G. , Stubbings Lesley , Wall Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOvine psoroptic mange (sheep scab), caused by an infestation of the mite Psoroptes ovis, leads to clinical disease, economic loss and severely compromised animal welfare. Here, a community‐based approach to the management of scab in three high‐risk areas of England is described.MethodsFor each of the 254 farms included in the study, an initial survey of their clinical sheep scab history was followed up by a blood test (ELISA) to detect the presence of antibodies to P. ovis. This facilitated the coordination of treatment across groups of farms in each region. Blood testing was then repeated at the end of the treatment programme.ResultsOn the first blood test in 2021/2022, 25.6% (±5.5%) of the flocks were positive for sheep scab. On the second test in 2022/2023, 9% (±3.94%) of the flocks tested were positive, showing a highly statistically significant reduction in prevalence overall, but with strong regional variation.Limitationsgenerating an understanding of the flock‐level nature of the blood test and confidence in its detection of scab where clinical signs were not apparent provided ongoing challenges.ConclusionsThe programme demonstrated that a focused community‐based approach can be used to significantly reduce the prevalence of sheep scab in high‐risk areas of England. The use of the blood test on all farms allowed the identification of subclinical sheep scab. The programme provides an effective model for sheep scab management on a national scale.
Modeling multivariate extremes
Authors: Nolan John P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Central Limit Theorem justifies using a normal distribution when looking at sums of many terms. In a parallel way, extreme value distributions arise in the study of maxima of many terms. The goal of this paper is to briefly review the univariate theory of extremes based on the Fisher‐Tippet‐Gnedenko Theorem. We then state the basics of the multivariate theory, which is significantly more complicated because it requires a measure to define the distribution. Some properties of these laws are explored, including a description of the support, an expression for the density when it exists, and some examples that illustrate possible joint dependence structures.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Finance
Origin of functional de novo genes in humans from “hopeful monsters”
Authors: Liu Xiaoge , Xiao Chunfu , Xu Xinwei , Zhang Jie , Mo Fan , Chen Jia‐Yu , Delihas Nicholas , Zhang Li , An Ni A. , Li Chuan‐Yun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor a long time, it was believed that new genes arise only from modifications of preexisting genes, but the discovery of de novo protein‐coding genes that originated from noncoding DNA regions demonstrates the existence of a “motherless” origination process for new genes. However, the features, distributions, expression profiles, and origin modes of these genes in humans seem to support the notion that their origin is not a purely “motherless” process; rather, these genes arise preferentially from genomic regions encoding preexisting precursors with gene‐like features. In such a case, the gene loci are typically not brand new. In this short review, we will summarize the definition and features of human de novo genes and clarify their process of origination from ancestral non‐coding genomic regions. In addition, we define the favored precursors, or “hopeful monsters,” for the origin of de novo genes and present a discussion of the functional significance of these young genes in brain development and tumorigenesis in humans.This article is categorized under:
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
Introduction: Geographical Understanding and “Listening” in New Caledonia-Kanaky
Authors: Batterbury Simon P. J. , Kowasch Matthias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter is an introduction to “Geographies of New Caledonia-Kanaky”, edited by Matthias Kowasch and Simon Batterbury. The archipelago is a “biodiversity hotspot” with high species endemism, ultramafic soils and nickel resources that have been mined extensively for nearly 150 years. It remains a territory of France, and after three referendums on independence, decolonisation is an unfinished and ongoing process that still divides communities in their interpretation of history and their aspirations for the future. The 21 chapters of the book, including this introduction and the conclusion, reflect different themes and offer cultural, political, social and ecological perspectives. New Caledonia-Kanaky (NC-K) is a “window on the world” in terms of decolonisation paths, environmental and social justice, racial inequality, biodiversity and the impacts of mining. The book has seven parts: (1) biodiversity, environmental protection and policies; (2) fisheries and agriculture; (3) extractive industries, mining development and waste management; (4) land reform and urban development; (5) cultural heritage, languages and education; (6) small-scale politics and gender questions; and lastly (7) decolonisation and political independence.
Kanak Cultural Heritage on Colonised and Damaged Lands
Authors: Poady Antoine Cano , Ouetcho Chanel , Stastny Angélique , Kowasch Matthias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter – co-authored by two Kanak knowledge holders (a clan chief and a singer-songwriter) and two European researchers (from political science and geography) – discusses how Kanak communities deal with cultural heritage in the present, in a context of colonial legacies, institutional conservatism and depleting natural resources. We focus specifically on the communities of Bako and Touaourou in Paicî Cèmuhi and Drubea-Kapumë countries, respectively. We first analyse colonial policies of land dispossession and cultural oppression, as well as the ongoing inadequate support for Kanak languages from school institutions. We then discuss the ways in which grassroots initiatives testify to resilient and resurgent spaces for Kanak languages and cultural heritage in such contexts, by taking the example of (1) the work of the Agency for the Development of Kanak Culture (ADCK) to record oral histories, myths and toponyms as important identity markers and (2) Kaneka music as a contemporary transmitter of Kanak languages and cultural practices. In addition to the collection of toponyms in Kanak communities, Kaneka music is popular amongst young people and elders. Bands such as Humaa-gué from Touaourou provide songs engaging with colonial history, Kanak cultural life and practices, the mining industry and current sociopolitical issues. We draw the conclusion that the educational institution responds inadequately to Kanak needs, and initiatives undertaken by Kanak people at the grassroots level are key to the continuance of Kanak languages, cultural heritage and practices.
New Caledonia’s Self-Determination Process
Authors: Fisher Denise 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNew Caledonia has been under French tutelage from 1853. From the early-twentieth-century local parties have sought increasing autonomy, and some, mainly indigenous Kanaks, independence, culminating in a civil war in the 1980s. The 1988 Matignon-Oudinot Accords ended the violence and, together with the 1998 Nouméa Accord, delayed a promised independence referendum by 30 years, in return for increased autonomy with scheduled handovers of certain responsibilities by France, and more equitable distribution of nickel returns, in a common destiny across communities. The final, self-determination phase of these agreements is now formally complete, with three independence referendums held in 2018, 2020, and 2021. The first two votes, returning a slim and narrowing majority for staying with France, revealed the continuing deep ethnic divide over independence. A call for nonparticipation by indigenous leaders, after the devastating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their communities, widely heeded, effectively nullified the political effect of the final December 2021 vote, again favouring staying with France. Independence leaders are now calling for another vote. This paper reviews the historical context, the next steps, and key issues in the ongoing self-determination process, including issues engaging important geostrategic interests for France and, briefly, some implications for the South Pacific region.
Conclusion: Future Reflections
Authors: Batterbury Simon P. J. , Bouard Séverine , Demmer Christine , Fisher Denise , Kowasch Matthias , Leblic Isabelle , Pantz Pierre-Christophe , Wadrawane Eddie Wayuone 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis multi-authored chapter covers some statements and reflections on the geopolitical but also environmental, societal and economic futures in the aftermath of the third referendum in 2021 on political independence, and after the visit of French President Macron to New Caledonia-Kanaky in July 2023. While for the current French government, the future of the country lies within the French Republic, pro-independence parties see the decolonisation process as unfinished and continue fighting for independence from French authority. The political landscape thus remains strongly divided. References to historical events and social and ethnic aspects of voting patterns complete some of the reflections. We also highlight the profound changes which are taking place in rural communities, the future of the nickel sector, and educational reforms.
Conflicts and Legitimacy of Environmental Organisations Facing Mining Projects in New Caledonia-Kanaky
Authors: Kowasch Matthias , Merlin Julien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter deals with conflicts and the legitimacy of environmental associations in conflict with, or holding to account, recent nickel projects in New Caledonia-Kanaky – Goro Nickel in the South and Koniambo in the North. Based on the concepts of environmental justice and resource conflicts, and on environmental management provisions, we discuss how environmental associations dealing with mining impacts raise their voice, gain legitimacy and intervene in environmental monitoring. The organisations CEK/Environord, ŒIL, CCCE and Rhéébù Nùù pursue different approaches and strategies. CEK was internal to the mining company KNS (Koniambo Nickel SAS) before becoming more “independent” under the label “Environord” (despite continuing financing from KNS). Rhéébù Nùù aimed to fight against the Goro Nickel project in the South before signing a pact with the Brazilian group Vale, with royalties and community benefits. ŒIL is advised by an independent scientific committee which gives it broader legitimacy. Its environmental monitoring allows it some participation in the project, but decision-making remains with the mining operators. Despite the important actions of these NGOs, the pro-independence party FLNKS and the upheavals in 2020 around the selling of the Goro Nickel smelter show that political authorities in New Caledonia-Kanaky are trying to obtain greater control over nickel extraction, processing and exportation themselves.
Transport von Verstorbenen nach abgeschlossenem Nachweis des irreversiblen Hirnfunktionsausfalls zur Multiorganentnahme
Authors: Frings Gero , Jansen Scarlett 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungViele Krankenhäuser verfügen nicht mehr über genügend Infrastruktur, um Multiorganentnahmen
durchzuführen. Daher kann es mitunter erforderlich sein, potentielle Organspender nach Feststellung
des irreversiblen Hirnfunktionsausfalls an ein anderes Krankenhaus zu transportieren. Damit die Organe
später transplantiert werden können, sind auch während des Transports intensiv-medizinische
Bedingungen erforderlich. Dem entgegen stehen jedoch prima facie viele Bestattungsgesetze der Länder,
die den Transport von Verstorbenen teils nur in Leichenwagen zulassen. Es stellt sich daher die Frage,
ob hirntote potentielle Organspender als Leiche im Sinne dieser Gesetze gelten oder ob auf anderem Wege
der Transport mit geeigneten Beförderungsmitteln ermöglicht werden kann. Insoweit kommt auch
eine Reform des Transplantationsgesetzes in Betracht.
The confidence and competence of primary school staff to administer an adrenaline auto-injector
Authors: Donovan P. , O’Connor P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSchool teachers are often inadequately prepared to use an adrenaline auto-injector (AAI), resulting in potentially dangerous treatment delays. The purpose of this study was to assess the observed competence, and self-reported confidence, of primary school teachers in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) to use an AAI. An evaluation of whether there was a link between confidence and competence was also assessed. Teachers from four primary schools in the RoI completed a questionnaire to assess their prior level of experience, training, and confidence levels with AAI administration. The four steps in administrating trainer AAI to a mannequin simulator were then assessed. A total of 61 teachers participated (out of a population of 80). The mean self-reported confidence was 1.82 out of 5 (SD = 0.96). There was no significant difference in confidence between trained and untrained participants (U = 240.5, NS). Participants who had received AAI administration training performed significantly more of the steps correctly (mean = 3.85, SD = 0.95) as compared to those who had received no training (mean = 2.97, SD = 1.10; U = 180.5, p = 0.008). There was no correlation between confidence in administrating AAI and the percentage of steps in the procedure performed correctly (rho =  −0.17, NS). Conclusion: Improvements in readiness to administer AAIs can be achieved through the application of more effective approaches to teaching clinical skills, changes to school policies and practices, and consideration of the design of AAIs in order to make their operation safer and simpler. It is important that teachers have the confidence and competence to safely administer an AAI.

What is Known:• Poor ability in adrenaline auto-injector use seen across population groups—healthcare professionals, patients, carers, and school staff• Training in the use of adrenaline auto-injectors has positive impact on competency

What is New:• Irish school teachers show poor levels of competency in adrenaline auto-injector use• No observed correlation between reported confidence and competency
Camalexin quantification using HPLC and the novel internal standard thiabendazole
Authors: Großkinsky Dominik K. , Primisser Stefanie M. , Reichenauer Thomas , Pfeifhofer Hartwig 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCamalexin is the key phytoalexin in Arabidopsis thaliana and crops such as Camelina sativa. It is typically quantified by liquid chromatographic methods using camalexin dilutions as external standards. Alternatively, 6-fluoroindole-3-carboxaldehyde (6-FICA) is used as an internal standard with the advantage that identical conditions can be used for the analyte and standard, but two detectors are needed (ideally fluorescence for camalexin; UV for 6-FICA). We established an easy method to use readily available, cheap thiabendazole as a novel internal standard, facilitating the use of a fluorescence detector for standard and analyte for fast, reliable camalexin quantification in samples of diverse biological origin.
Correlates of teachers’ classroom management self-efficacy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Duan Siyu , Bissaker Kerry , Xu Zhan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis meta-analysis examined literature from the last two decades to identify factors that correlate with teachers’ classroom management self-efficacy (CMSE) and to estimate the effect size of these relationships. Online and reference list searches from international and Chinese databases yielded 1085 unique results. However, with a focus on empirical research the final sample consisted of 87 studies and 22 correlates. The findings cluster the correlates of CMSE into three categories: teacher-level factors (working experience, constructivist beliefs, teacher stress, job satisfaction, teacher commitment, teacher personality, and teacher burnout), classroom-level factors (classroom climate, classroom management, students’ misbehaviour, students’ achievement, classroom interaction, and student-teacher relationship), and school-level factors (principal leadership and school culture). The results of this meta-analysis show small to large correlations between these 15 factors with CMSE. How these factors are associated with teachers’ CMSE and recommendations for future CMSE research are discussed.
LC/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals Chemical Variations of Two Broccoli Varieties in Relation to Their Anticholinesterase Activity: In vitro and In silico Studies
Authors: Ibrahim Rana M. , El-Shiekh Riham A. , Mohamed Osama G. , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A. , Tripathi Ashootosh , Abdel-Baki Passent M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBroccoli is commonly consumed as food and as medicine. However, comprehensive metabolic profiling of two broccoli varieties, Romanesco broccoli (RB) and purple broccoli (PB), in relation to their anticholinergic activity has not been fully disclosed. A total of 110 compounds were tentatively identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS metabolomics. Distinctively different metabolomic profiles of the two varieties were revealed by principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, by volcano diagram analysis, it was found that PB had a significantly higher content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and glucosinolates, indicating the different beneficial health potentials of PB that demonstrated higher antioxidant and anticholinergic activities. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed 18 metabolites, mainly phenolic and sulfur compounds, as the main bioactive. The binding affinity of these biomarkers to the active sites of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes was further validated using molecular docking studies. Results emphasize the broccoli significance as a functional food and nutraceutical source and highlight its beneficial effects against Alzheimer’s disease.