bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting brain growth patterns in normal children using tensor‐based morphometry
Authors: Hua Xue , Leow Alex D. , Levitt Jennifer G. , Caplan Rochelle , Thompson Paul M. , Toga Arthur W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPrevious magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based volumetric studies have shown age‐related increases in the volume of total white matter and decreases in the volume of total gray matter of normal children. Recent adaptations of image analysis strategies enable the detection of human brain growth with improved spatial resolution. In this article, we further explore the spatio‐temporal complexity of adolescent brain maturation with tensor‐based morphometry. By utilizing a novel non‐linear elastic intensity‐based registration algorithm on the serial structural MRI scans of 13 healthy children, individual Jacobian growth maps are generated and then registered to a common anatomical space. Statistical analyses reveal significant tissue growth in cerebral white matter, contrasted with gray matter loss in parietal, temporal, and occipital lobe. In addition, a linear regression with age and gender suggests a slowing down of the growth rate in regions with the greatest white matter growth. We demonstrate that a tensor‐based Jacobian map is a sensitive and reliable method to detect regional tissue changes during development. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of the increase in variability when combining volumetric data from different scanners
Authors: Reig Santiago , Sánchez‐González Javier , Arango Celso , Castro Josefina , González‐Pinto Ana , Ortuño Felipe , Crespo‐Facorro Benedicto , Bargalló Nuria , Desco Manuel 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn multicenter MRI studies, pooling of volumetric data requires a prior evaluation of compatibility between the different machines used. We tested the compatibility of five different scanners (2 General Electric Signa, 2 Siemens Symphony, and a Philips Gyroscan) at five different sites by repeating the scans of five volunteers at each of the sites. Using a semiautomatic method based on the Talairach atlas, and SPM algorithms for tissue segmentation (multimodal T1 and T2, or T1‐only), we obtained volume measurements of the main brain lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal) and for each tissue type. Our results suggest that pooling of multisite data adds small error for whole brain measurements, intersite coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 1.8 to 5.2%, respectively, for GM and CSF. However, in the occipital lobe, intersite CV can be as high as 11.7% for WM and 17.3% for CSF. Compared with the intersite, intrasite CV values were always much lower. Whenever possible, T1 and T2 tissue segmentation methods should be used because they yield more consistent volume measurements between sites than T1‐only, especially when some of the scans were obtained with different sequence parameters and pixel size from those of the other sites. Our study shows that highest compatibility among scanners would be obtained using equipments of the same manufacturer and also image acquisition parameters as similar as possible. After validation, data from a specific ROI or scanner showing values markedly different from the other sites might be excluded from the analysis. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mature adipocyte‐derived dedifferentiated fat cells exhibit multilineage potential
Authors: Matsumoto Taro , Kano Koichiro , Kondo Daisuke , Fukuda Noboru , Iribe Yuji , Tanaka Nobuaki , Matsubara Yoshiyuki , Sakuma Takahiro , Satomi Aya , Otaki Munenori , Ryu Jyunnosuke , Mugishima Hideo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWhen mature adipocytes are subjected to an in vitro dedifferentiation strategy referred to as ceiling culture, these mature adipocytes can revert to a more primitive phenotype and gain cell proliferative ability. We refer to these cells as dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells. In the present study, we examined the multilineage differentiation potential of DFAT cells. DFAT cells obtained from adipose tissues of 18 donors exhibited a fibroblast‐like morphology and sustained high proliferative activity. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that DFAT cells comprised a highly homogeneous cell population compared with that of adipose‐derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), although the cell‐surface antigen profile of DFAT cells was very similar to that of ASCs. DFAT cells lost expression of mature adipocytes marker genes but retained or gained expression of mesenchymal lineage‐committed marker genes such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), RUNX2, and SOX9. In vitro differentiation analysis revealed that DFAT cells could differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts under appropriate culture conditions. DFAT cells also formed osteoid matrix when implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. In addition, clonally expanded porcine DFAT cells showed the ability to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal cell lineages. These results indicate that DFAT cells represent a type of multipotent progenitor cell. The accessibility and ease of culture of DFAT cells support their potential application for cell‐based therapies. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 210–222, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pressure loading and ethanol exposure differentially modulate rat hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: Okada Yoshikiyo , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Hokari Ryota , Miyazaki Jyunichi , Matsuzaki Koji , Mataki Norikazu , Komoto Shunsuke , Watanabe Chikako , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Nagao Shigeaki , Itoh Kazuro , Miura Soichiro 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEthanol may cause an increase in sinusoidal pressure accompanied by portal hypertension. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) located in hepatic sinusoids may therefore be frequently exposed to dual stimulations of mechanical pressure and ethanol exposure in alcoholic liver injury. In this study, the effects of pressure loading and ethanol exposure on activation of rat cultured HSCs were investigated using an in vitro pressure‐inducing apparatus. HSCs were cultured in media containing ethanol (0–100 mM) under different pressures (1–40 mmHg). Morphological changes and migration index were determined. We also determined the expression levels of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by Western blot analysis and the level of collagen IV and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) by ELISA. Pressure loading alone induced up‐regulation of α‐SMA via the extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, prolonged extension of marginal length, and increased production of collagen IV. In contrast, ethanol exposure alone increased only extension of marginal length and cell migration. Dual stimulations of pressure loading and ethanol exposure enhanced the production of TGF‐β1 and migration index. The TGF‐β1‐dependent p38 MAPK pathway may operate for production of extracellular matrix (ECM) or enhanced migration in the case of dual stimulations. In conclusion, static pressure loading is an important factor directly accelerating the activation of HSCs. Although increased sinusoidal pressure and ethanol exposure might differentially modulate HSC activation, both stimuli are involved in an additive manner in some situations. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 472–480, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipocalin 2‐mediated growth suppression is evident in human erythroid and monocyte/macrophage lineage cells
Authors: Miharada Kenichi , Hiroyama Takashi , Sudo Kazuhiro , Danjo Inaho , Nagasawa Toshiro , Nakamura Yukio 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLipocalin 2 (LCN2), a secreted protein of the lipocalin family, induces apoptosis in some types of cells and inhibits bacterial growth by sequestration of the iron‐laden bacterial siderophore. We have recently reported that LCN2 inhibits the production of red blood cells in the mouse. Here we analyzed the role of LCN2 in human hematopoiesis. Expression of LCN2 was observed not only in mature cells such as those of the granulocyte/macrophage and erythroid lineages but also in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We also examined expression of two candidate receptors for LCN2, brain type organic cation transporter (BOCT) and megalin, in various cell types. BOCT showed relatively high levels of expression in erythroid and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells but lower levels in granulocyte/macrophage and T lymphoid cells. Megalin was expressed at high levels in T lymphoid and erythroid cells but at lower levels in granulocyte/macrophage lineage cells. LCN2 suppressed the growth of erythroid and monocyte/macrophage lineages in vitro, but did not have this effect on cells of other lineages. In addition, immature hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were not sensitive to LCN2. These results demonstrate a lineage‐specific role for LCN2 in human hematopoiesis that is reminiscent of its effects upon mouse hematopoiesis and strongly suggest an important in vivo function of LCN2 in the regulation of human hematopoiesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 526–537, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is necessary for progression of autoimmune diabetes mellitus
Authors: Stosic‐Grujicic Stanislava , Stojanovic Ivana , Maksimovic‐Ivanic Danijela , Momcilovic Miljana , Popadic Dusan , Harhaji Ljubica , Miljkovic Djordje , Metz Christine , Mangano Katia , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Al‐Abed Yousef , Nicoletti Ferdinando 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine of the innate immune system that plays a major role in the induction of immunoinflammatory responses. To examine the role of endogenous MIF in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (TID) we evaluated the effects of administration of neutralizing anti‐MIF antibodies to NOD mice with accelerated forms of diabetes induced by injection of cyclophosphamide or by transfer of diabetogenic spleen cells. Both accelerated forms of diabetes were markedly reduced by anti‐MIF antibody. Furthermore, MIF‐deficient (MIF−/−) mice were less susceptible to the induction of immunoinflammatory diabetes, insulitis and apoptosis within the endocrine pancreas by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD‐STZ) than genetically matched wild type (WT) mice. MIF deficiency resulted in lower proliferation and lymphocyte adhesion, as well as reduced production from the spleens and peritoneal cells of a variety of inflammatory mediators typically associated with development of the disease including IL‐12, IL‐23, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β. Furthermore, MIF deletion affected the production of IL‐18, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and iNOS in the islets of Langerhans. These data, along with the higher expression of IL‐4 and TGF‐β observed in the periphery and in the pancreas of MLD‐STZ‐challenged MIF−/− mice as compared to WT controls suggest that MIF deficiency has induced an immune deviation towards protective type 2/3 response. These results suggest that MIF participates in T1D by controlling the functional activity of monocytes/macrophages and T cells and modulating their secretory capacity of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory molecules. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 665–675, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of extracellular ubiquitination in the mammalian epididymis
Authors: Baska Kathleen M. , Manandhar Gaurishankar , Feng Dawn , Agca Yuksel , Tengowski Mark W. , Sutovsky Miriam , Yi Young‐Joo , Sutovsky Peter 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPosttranslational modification by ubiquitination marks defective or outlived intracellular proteins for proteolytic degradation by the 26S proteasome. The ATP‐dependent, covalent ligation and formation of polyubiquitin chains on substrate proteins requires the presence and activity of a set of ubiquitin activating and conjugating enzymes. While protein ubiquitination typically occurs in the cell cytosol or nucleus, defective mammalian spermatozoa become ubiquitinated on their surface during post‐testicular sperm maturation in the epididymis, suggesting an active molecular mechanism for sperm quality control. Consequently, we hypothesized that the bioactive constituents of ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway were secreted in the mammalian epididymal fluid (EF) and capable of ubiquitinating extrinsic substrates. Western blotting indeed detected the presence of the ubiquitin‐activating enzyme E1 and presumed E1‐ubiquitin thiol–ester intermediates, ubiquitin‐carrier enzyme E2 and presumed E2‐ubiquitin thiol–ester intermediates and the ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase PGP 9.5/UCHL1 in the isolated bovine EF. Thiol–ester assays utilizing recombinant ubiquitin‐activating and ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes, biotinylated substrates, and isolated bovine EF confirmed the activity of the ubiquitin activating and conjugating enzymes within EF. Ubiquitinated proteins were found to be enriched in the defective bull sperm fraction and appropriate proteasomal deubiquitinating and proteolytic activities were measured in the isolated EF by specific fluorescent substrates. The apocrine secretion of cytosolic proteins was visualized in transgenic mice and rats expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the direction of ubiquitin‐C promoter. Accumulation of eGFP, ubiquitin and proteasomes was detected in the apical blebs, the apocrine secretion sites of the caput epididymal epithelia of both the rat and mouse epididymal epithelium, although region‐specific differences exist. Secretion of eGFP and proteasomes continued during the prolonged culture of the isolated rat epididymal epithelial cells in vitro. This study provides evidence that the activity of the ubiquitin system is not limited to the intracellular environment, contributing to a greater understanding of the sperm maturation process during epididymal passage. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 684–696, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of insulin receptor substrate‐1 in transformation by v‐src
Authors: Sun Hongzhi , Baserga Renato 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1), a docking protein for both the insulin (InR) and the insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐IR) receptors, sends a mitogenic, anti‐differentiation and transforming signal. We now show that down‐regulation of IRS‐1 in cells transformed by v‐src reverses the transformed phenotype (growth in serum‐free medium and colony formation in soft agar). IRS‐1 translocates to nuclei and is found in the cyclin D1 and rDNA promoters. Stat3, which is activated by src, requires both IRS‐1 and src for promoter occupancy. IRS‐1 (by itself or in combination with src) also markedly increases transcription from these two promoters. We also show that IRS‐1 binds to src via its two PI3‐K binding tyrosine residues, and that these two residues are required for transformation of mammary cancer cells expressing v‐src. Taken together, these results indicate a significant role of IRS‐1 in the activation of cell cycle progression genes and transformation of cells by v‐src. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 725–732, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epac/Rap and PKA are novel mechanisms of ANP‐induced Rac‐mediated pulmonary endothelial barrier protection
Authors: Birukova Anna A. , Zagranichnaya Tatiana , Alekseeva Elena , Bokoch Gary M. , Birukov Konstantin G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAcute lung injury, sepsis, lung inflammation, and ventilator‐induced lung injury are life‐threatening conditions associated with lung vascular barrier dysfunction, which may lead to pulmonary edema. Increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in lung circulation reported in these pathologies suggest its potential role in the modulation of lung injury. Besides well recognized physiological effects on vascular tone, plasma volume, and renal function, ANP may exhibit protective effects in models of lung vascular endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms of ANP protective effects are not well understood. The recently described cAMP‐dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Epac activates small GTPase Rap1, which results in activation of small GTPase Rac‐specific GEFs Tiam1 and Vav2 and Rac‐mediated EC barrier protective responses. Our results show that ANP stimulated protein kinase A and the Epac/Rap1/Tiam/Vav/Rac cascade dramatically attenuated thrombin‐induced pulmonary EC permeability and the disruption of EC monolayer integrity. Using pharmacological and molecular activation and inhibition of cAMP‐and cGMP‐dependent protein kinases (PKA and PKG), Epac, Rap1, Tiam1, Vav2, and Rac we linked ANP‐mediated protective effects to the activation of Epac/Rap and PKA signaling cascades, which dramatically inhibited the Rho pathway of thrombin‐induced EC hyper‐permeability. These results suggest a novel mechanism of ANP protective effects against agonist‐induced pulmonary EC barrier dysfunction via inhibition of Rho signaling by Epac/Rap1‐Rac and PKA signaling cascades. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 715–724, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A further analysis of the spatio‐temporal variability in aerosols across North America: Incorporation of lower tropospheric (850‐hPa) flow
Authors: Sheridan Scott C. , Power Helen C. , Senkbeil Jason C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn our previous research (Power et al., 2006), we analysed the variability in spectral aerosol optical depth (τa), as well as Ångström's wavelength exponent (α), which represents the relative size distribution of aerosols, at 27 sites across North America. The variability was assessed by incorporating the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC) surface weather type across each of these sites. In this research, we further our analysis by examining the effect of different 850‐hPa flow patterns within the lower troposphere on variability in τa and α. To accomplish this, an 850‐hPa flow classification was first developed from principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis on National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis geopotential‐height data, normalized by month of year. Nine flow types were identified.Cluster analyses yielded five clusters for both τa and α. For τa, spatially cohesive regions were identified, with a western cluster with low aerosol optical depth and minimal synoptic variability, and eastern clusters that showed higher turbidity as well as synoptic variability. In these clusters, higher turbidity was associated with southerly advection. For α, results were less cohesive, with clusters largely representing the different seasonal patterns of the variable, with synoptic variability difficult to interpret.Jackknifing was also utilized to evaluate whether τa and α could be predicted based on SSC weather type and 850‐hPa flow type. Results varied at the three stations evaluated, with the method yielding potentially useful results for τa across the two eastern sites, where synoptic variability at the surface and 850‐hPa is greater. At the western site, τa could not be successfully predicted. Synoptic variability is too weak for α to be predicted effectively at any of the sites examined. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Expanded measurement uncertainty of soil parameters derived from proficiency‐testing data
Authors: Munzert Manfred , Kießling Günter , Übelhör Walter , Nätscher Ludwig , Neubert Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBasic parameters for the calculation of the expanded measurement uncertainty (U) of 33 soil parameters were derived from the data base of proficiency tests of the Association of German Agricultural Analytical and Research Institutes (VDLUFA) over the years 1993–2005. The underlying statistical model was the regression of the standard deviations of the means for all participating laboratories on the mean of all laboratories. In general, the linear model fits U very well. Only in three cases, a curvilinear equation showed a better significance. The calculated regressions were nonsignificant only in the cases of copper (using the Westerhoff method), pH, and the percentage of sand in the soil samples. All regressions were tested for plausibility using the Horwitz equation (HORRAT). Given a medium range of concentrations, practically all analytes fell well within a ratio of 2, only the results for manganese (Schachtschabel method) did not comply. Plausibility could be proven also for higher‐concentration ranges with the single exception of boron (hot‐water extraction). At very low–concentration ranges, for some of the analytes a HORRAT value of 2 was exceeded, presumably due to the proximity of the limit of detection in conjunction with some methodological problems. For all of these cases, a concentration limit for the reliability range of the regression for the analytes was calculated, at which the HORRAT values just met the critical ratio of 2. Laboratories are recommended to integrate the regression functions for U into their specific laboratory information and management system (LIMS) or other documentation systems in order to specify U for the measured values. Results are also considered as a solid basis for the evaluation of legally defined limits in agricultural fertilization of soils.
Influence of nitrogen forms and mycorrhizal colonization on growth and composition of Chinese bunching onion
Authors: Perner Henrike , Schwarz Dietmar , Krumbein Angelika , Li Xiaolin , George Eckhard 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn recent years, interest has grown in cultivating Allium species with enhanced health benefits and/or distinct flavor. Concentrations of phytochemicals determining these desired characteristics may be influenced by nitrogen forms (ammonium or nitrate) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We examined these relations with the test plant bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.). Three different ammonium‐to‐nitrate (NH$ _4^+ $ : NO$ _3^- $) ratios were supplied in combination with or without inoculation with an AM fungus (Glomus mosseae). The plants were evaluated for dry weight, leaf number, and content of nutrients (N, NO$ _3^- $, P, S), sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), and organosulfur compounds (measured as pyruvic acid). The experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Plants were grown on perlite amended twice a day with nutrient solution. In nonmycorrhizal plants, the application of nutrient solution with predominant NO$ _3^- $ or NH4NO3 as N source supported adequate growth of Allium fistulosum while predominant NH$ _4^+ $ supply resulted in decreased growth and occurrence of wilting symptoms. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased dry weight and leaf number of predominantly NH$ _4^+ $‐fed or NH4NO3‐fed plants. While shoot P concentration increased with higher NH$ _4^+ $ supply, shoot N concentration increased in predominantly NH$ _4^+ $‐fed plants only. Nitrogen form and AM colonization had little effect on shoot S or sugar concentrations. The total content in organosulfur compounds was significantly affected by both, N form and AM colonization. The optimal growth condition for a high formation of organosulfur compounds in this experiment was a nutrient solution with predominant NO$ _3^- $ supply, but when supported by AM fungi, Allium fistulosum produced similar amounts of pyruvic acid in NH4NO3‐fed plants.