bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mild form of strangles caused by an atypical Streptococcus equi
Authors: Prescott J. F. , Srivastava S. K. , deGannes R. , Barnum D. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A mild form of strangles caused by an atypical Streptococcus equi was recognized on a large horse breeding farm. The organism differed from most S equi isolates by disappearance of the mucoid capsule by 24 hours of culture, leaving a matt-type colony. Typically, the clinical signs were a transient (24-48 hour) fever, profuse nasal discharge, and anorexia. In about half the affected animals, there was moderate mandibular lymph node enlargement, and these glands usually ruptured or were drained. The use of a passive hemagglutination antibody test showed that subclinical infection was widespread in horses on the farm.
Environmental zinc and cadmium pollution associated with generalized osteochondrosis, osteoporosis, and nephrocalcinosis in horses
Authors: Gunson Diane E. , Kowalczyk David F. , Shoop C. Rennie , Ramberg Charles F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Several suspect cases of chronic zinc/cadmium toxicosis in horses near a zinc smelter were investigated following observations of lameness, swollen joints, and unthriftiness, particularly in foals. Two foals born and raised near the smelter were lame and had joint swellings that were attributable to severe generalized osteochondrosis. Zinc and cadmium concentrations were markedly increased in the pancreas, liver, and kidney. In the serum of 1 foal, zinc and potassium concentrations were high, whereas calcium and magnesium concentrations were low. Marked nephrocalcinosis and osteoporosis were observed in this foal. Nephrocalcinosis also was observed in his dam, who died of a punctured lung following rib fractures, though there was no history of trauma. The joint cartilage lesions were similar to those induced experimentally in animals fed high-zinc diets and may have been the result of a zinc-induced abnormality of copper metabolism. The osteoporosis and nephrocalcinosis were consistent with chronic cadmium toxicosis.
Myelomonocytic myeloproliferative disease in a horse
Authors: Brumbaugh Gordon W. , Stitzel Katherine A. , Zinkl Joseph G. , Feldman Bernard F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Myelomonocytic myeloproliferative disease in a horse was diagnosed on the basis of hematologic, enzymatic, and histopathologic findings. It was characterized clinically by depression, weight loss, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, coagulopathy, and bacteremia. Hematologic findings included severe refractory anemia, thrombocytopenia, monocytosis, and pleomorphic leukocytes, with a left shift of the myeloid series. The serum lysozyme concentration was 14.5 µg/ml (normal, < 5 µg/ml). The bone marrow contained many immature cells of the myeloid series and had a myeloid-to-erythroid ratio of 30.5 to 1. The horse died after brief hospitalization.
Necropsy revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and hemorrhages throughout the body. Histopathologically, primitive cells were seen in several tissues. Cells that proliferated in the bone marrow were primarily myeloblastic, with some additional erythropoietic cells. Myeloblastic cells with evidence of normal erythropoiesis were seen in numerous lymph nodes and in the spleen, whereas primarily normal erythropoietic cells proliferated in the adrenal glands. Myeloid blast-type cells predominated in the lungs, myocardium, liver, and kidneys.
Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs with pneumonia
Authors: Libai Melissa C. , Gates Constance E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns were determined for 53 isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae from pneumonic porcine lung tissue. All strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, spectinomycin, and sulfachlorpyridazine. Other antimicrobials tested had less efficacy for in vitro inhibition of H pleuropneumoniae.
Evaluation of 60-minute blood p-aminobenzoic acid concentration in pancreatic function testing of dogs
Authors: Strombeck Donald R. , Harrold Doris 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
For evaluation of pancreatic function testing, a peptide that releases p-aminobenzoic acid (paba) on digestion by chymotrypsin was given to clinically normal dogs and to dogs with unexplained diarrhea. Blood concentration of paba and percentage of paba excretion in the urine at 6 hours after oral administration were determined. One-hour blood values did not reflect pancreatic exocrine secretion as well as did the 6-hour urinary excretion values.
Clinical observations on Babesia gibsoni and Babesia canis infections in dogs
Authors: Farwell G. E. , LeGrand E. K. , Cobb C. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-five cases of Babesia gibsoni infection and 11 cases of Babesia canis infection were diagnosed and treated in dogs at Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, Japan, between April 1979 and February 1980. Diagnosis was made by demonstrating the organisms in blood smears and by serologic examination, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Serologic findings correlated well with the occurrence of infection in mature dogs, but poorly in young (1- to 3-month-old) dogs. Although these 2 intraerythrocytic parasites were readily distinguishable on Giemsa-stained blood smears and by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the clinical syndromes were similar. Most dogs were anorectic and depressed and were found to have regenerative anemia. Of 37 dogs tested, 31 were Coombs' test-positive, and most of these became Coombs' test-negative after treatment and disappearance of clinical signs. Specific treatment consisted predominantly of the use of diminazene aceturate. Pentamidine isethionate also was used. Although these drugs were effective in halting and reversing the clinical progression of the disease, they usually were ineffective in clearing the blood of B gibsoni organisms, and relapses commonly occurred. Both drugs appeared to be more effective against B canis. It was concluded that some of the several hundred dogs arriving in the United States annually from Okinawa are carriers of B gibsoni, a parasite only recently discovered in North America
Canine cutaneous lymphoma
Authors: McKeever Patrick J. , Grindem Carol B. , Stevens Jerry B. , Osborne Carl A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cutaneous lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) was diagnosed by multiple biopsies of nonulcerated cutaneous lesions in 13 dogs. The disease was initially characterized by erythema and alopecia of the trunk. Subsequently severe scaling, pruritus, and skin nodules developed. Lymph nodes were usually normal in size during early stages of the disease but became enlarged as the disease became extensive. Four dogs were treated with cytotoxic drugs. Marked improvement of skin lesions occurred in 3 dogs, but treatment did not prevent development of extra-cutaneous lesions.
Internal fixation of a tibial fracture in an adult horse
Authors: Bramlage L. R. , Hanes G. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 3-year-old Thoroughbred mare was examined because of hindlimb lameness from incomplete fracture of the tibia, which became a complete diaphyseal fracture during the examination. The fracture was repaired by open reduction and internal fixation with lag screws and 2 neutralization plates. A cranial approach was used and the plates were placed craniolateral and medial on the tibia. At 18 months after surgery, there was no evidence of complications resulting from the fracture or its repair. It was concluded that a cranial approach with craniolateral and medial plate placement allows easier insertion and gives increased stability over previously described methods.
Neurologic disease associated with lymphosarcoma in ten dogs
Authors: Rosin Anne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lymphosarcoma was diagnosed in 10 dogs with initial signs referable to the nervous system. Six dogs had signs of spinal cord disease, 2 had signs of peripheral nerve disease, and 2 had signs of cranial disease. The diagnosis of lymphosarcoma involving the nervous system was made prior to the death of each dog, and necropsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis in each case. The clinical diagnosis was based on the results of blood analysis, bone marrow examination, lymph node cytology, cerebrospinal fluid evaluation, and tumor biopsy.
Cholelithiasis in four horses
Authors: Traub Josie Lynn , Rantanen Norman , Reed Stephen , Schecter Lee 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four cases of cholelithiasis in horses were reviewed. Two horses were examined because of recurrent abdominal pain. Clinical laboratory data, results of physical examination, and history indicated biliary obstruction. In 1 case, B-mode ultrasonography aided in the diagnosis, which was confirmed at necropsy. In 2 horses, the biliary calculi were incidental necropsy findings.
Myocardial ischemia in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus
Authors: Muir W. W. , Weisbrode S. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 13 dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus, 8 had cardiac arrhythmias and histologic evidence of myocardial degeneration and necrosis. One dog had myocardial degeneration and necrosis without cardiac arrhythmias; 2 had cardiac arrhythmias without cardiac histologic changes, and 2 had neither. The most common arrhythmias were ventricular tachycardia and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with fusion complexes.
Evaluation of renal biopsy in 197 dogs and cats
Authors: Jeraj Karim , Osborne Carl A. , Stevens Jerry B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A retrospective study of needle biopsy of the kidney of 163 dogs and 34 cats was performed to evaluate its clinical value and postbiopsy complications. Complications included microscopic hematuria (41 of 53 cases in which urinalyses were performed within 48 hours following the biopsy), gross hematuria (4 dogs), and hydronephrosis (3 of 82 dogs and 1 of 19 cats necropsied). Satisfactory needle biopsy specimens were obtained by use of Franklin-Silverman, Metcoff, and true-cut needles. The necropsy diagnosis matched the biopsy diagnosis in 80 of 82 dogs necropsied and in 17 of 19 cats necropsied.
Serologic surveillance of Louisiana goats for antibody to Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides
Authors: Johnson John B. , Hagstad Harry V. , Springer W. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a serologic survey of 640 goats in Louisiana, 13 sera (2%) were positive for antibody to Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. One of the seropositive goats had pneumonic lesions and another had conjunctivitis.
Primary gastric impaction in the horse
Authors: Barclay William P. , Foerner Joseph J. , Phillips Thomas N. , MacHarg Margaret A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four cases of primary gastric impaction in the horse were diagnosed at surgery. The clinical findings had been unremarkable except for unrelenting pain. All horses had been given mineral oil before surgery. The impactions responded well to injection of water or saline solution into the stomach at surgery.
Canine Protothecosis: Review of the Literature and Report of an Additional Case
Authors: Migaki George , Font Ramon L. , Sauer Robert M. , Kaplan William , Miller Robert L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A review of protothecosis in dogs revealed that this malady usually begins in the gastrointestinal tract and progresses to systemic involvement. Clinical signs generally include bloody diarrhea or blood-stained feces as well as blindness, ataxia, and polyuria. Histologically, myriads of protothecal organisms in different stages of development are found in the granulomatous lesions. Two main species have been culturally identified: Prototheca zopfii and P wickerhamii. In the absence of cultural studies, species identification can be accomplished readily by immunofluorescence. The present case involved P zopfii infection in a 5-year-old female Cocker Spaniel that had bloody diarrhea, with a history of bloody diarrhea 6 months earlier.
Pleuritis secondary to pneumonia or lung abscessation in 90 horses
Authors: Raphel Corinne F. , Beech Jill 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 122 horses with pleural effusion, 90 (73.8%) had pleuritis secondary to pneumonia or lung abscessation. Fifty-one horses died or were euthanatized. The highest prevalence was in Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses. Eleven (12.2%) horses were postsurgical patients and 22 (24.4%) horses had been transported over 500 miles. There was no relationship between final outcome and the age, sex, breed, hematologic values, or laboratory findings pertaining to pleural fluid except for the bacterial isolation of Escherichia coli from the pleural fluid, as this was more frequently associated with death.
Follow-up on 38 of the 39 horses that survived showed that 18 (46.2%) recovered and were able to return to performance equal to that prior to their illness. Ten (25.6%) were returned for breeding or pleasure use, with no attempt made to return them to racing. Follow-up was not available for 5 horses, 4 horses had just recently been discharged from the hospital, and 2 horses are racing poorer than prior to their illness.
Secretion and composition of colostrum and milk
Authors: Norcross N. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lacteal fluids contain antibodies of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM classes, and these proteins are complete and biologically active. Lymphocytic cells have also been demonstrated that are capable of an array of biological activity characteristic of similar cells in the blood. Lacteal fluids are rich in phagocytic cells that function less efficiently than do their corresponding blood cells.
Respiratory tract immune response to microbial pathogens
Authors: Wilkie B. N. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Effective resistance to respiratory tract infection depends principally on specific immunity on mucosal surfaces of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Respiratory tract immune response comprises antibody and cell-mediated systems and may be induced most readily by surface presentation of replicating agents but can result from parenteral or local presentation of highly immunogenic antigens. Upper and lower respiratory tract systems differ in immunologic competence, with the lungs having a greater inventory of protective mechanisms than the trachea or nose. Several effective vaccines have been developed for prevention or modification of respiratory tract diseases.
Recombinant DNA technology for the preparation of subunit vaccines
Authors: Bachrach Howard L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Recombinant DNA technology appears to be on the verge of producing safe and effective protein vaccines for animal and human diseases. The procedure is applicable to most viruses because their isolated surface proteins generally possess immunogenic activity. Strategies used for the preparation and cloning of the appropriate genes depend on the characteristics of the viral genomes: whether DNA or RNA; their size, strandedness, and segmentation; and whether messenger RNA are monocistronic or polycistronic. Cloned surface proteins of foot-and-mouth disease and hepatitis B viruses are being tested for possible use as practical vaccines. Two doses of the cloned foot-and-mouth disease viral protein have elicited large amounts of neutralizing antibody and have protected cattle and swine against challenge exposure with the virus. Surface proteins have also been cloned for the viruses of fowl plague, influenza, vesicular stomatitis, rabies, and herpes simplex. Cloning is in progress for surface proteins of viruses causing canine parvovirus gastroenteritis, human papillomas, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Rift Valley fever, and paramyxovirus diseases. In addition, advances in recombinant DNA and other facilitating technologies have rekindled interest in the chemical synthesis of polypeptide vaccines for viral diseases.
The bioengineering of bacterial vaccines is also under way. Proteinaceous pili of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are being produced in E coli K-12 strains for use as vaccines against neonatal diarrheal diseases of livestock.
Serologic evidence of Anaplasma marginale infection in illinois white-tailed deer
Authors: Smith Ronald D. , Woolf Alan , Hungerford Laura L. , Sundberg John P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 175 deer and 54 cattle from Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge in southern Illinois were tested for antibody to Anaplasma marginale, using the capillary tube agglutination test. A total of 12 (6.9%) deer and 7 (13%) cattle were serologically positive. Serologic prevalence in deer increased from 0 at 6 months of age to 14% at 2½ or more years of age. Cattle less than approximately 1 year of age were not seropositive.
Sarcocystosis in neonatal bison fed Sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts derived from cattle
Authors: Dubey J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 6-day-old female (Bison bison) was inoculated with 10 million sporocysts of the B1 isolate of Sarcocystis cruzi originally obtained by feeding heart of a naturally infected cow (Bos taurus) to a laboratory-raised coyote. The bison became febrile, lethargic, and anorectic at about 25 days after inoculation of the sporocysts, and was euthanatized 3 days later. There were widespread hemorrhages, hepatitis, myocarditis, nephritis, and enteritis; intravascular meronts were found in the adrenal cortex and lamina propria of the small intestine. Another 7-day-old male bison was inoculated with 100,000 sporocysts of the same B1 isolate of S cruzi. Except for mild fever and transient diarrhea, the bison remained clinically normal. Sarcocysts were found at necropsy on day 76 after inoculation. It was concluded that S cruzi of cattle is transmissible to bison.
Lungworms of feral swine in Florida
Authors: Forrester Donald J. , Porter John H. , Belden Robert C. , Frankenberger William B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Metastrongylus apri, Μ salmi, and Μ pudendotectus were found in 94%, 76%, and 64%, respectively, of 90 feral swine from a study area in southern Florida. The mean number of worms per infected animal was 155, with a range of 1-1,980 (1 or more species). Metastrongylus apri was found singly or in combination with 1 or both of the other species. Single or concurrent infections of Μ salmi and Μ pudendotectus were not found. Male hogs had significantly (P<0.05) higher intensities of Μ apri infection. Juvenile animals were infected with Μ apri only, but subadults and adults were infected with all 3 species. Hogs examined during October, November, and December had significantly (P<0.05) higher intensities of infection of all 3 species, compared with hogs examined at other times of the year. There were significant (P<0.05) interactions between host sex, host age, and season for intensities of infection with Μ pudendotectus.
Serologic survey for certain zoonotic diseases in black bears in California
Authors: Ruppanner R. , Jessup D. A. , Ohishi I. , Behymer D. E. , Franti C. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Black bears (Ursus americanus) from 3 geographic areas of California were tested for antibodies against agents of 6 zoonotic diseases: toxoplasmosis (indirect hemagglutination), Q fever (microagglutination), trichinosis (latex particle agglutination), botulism (passive hemagglutination), leptospirosis (plate agglutination), and plague (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Of 149 sera tested, 40 (27%) were positive for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and 25 (17%) had antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Of 141 bears tested for Trichinella spiralis, 18 (13%) were seropositive, and 19 (15%) of 125 tested had antibodies against the plague organism, Yersinia pestis. Only 2% (2 of 123 tested) had antibodies against Clostridium botulinum. Sera from 129 bears were tested against 4 pools of Leptospira interrogans representing 12 serovars, and 16% of the sera reacted with the pool containing the serovars australis, hyos. and mini georgia.
Herpesvirus-like infection in map turtles
Authors: Jacobson Elliott R. , Gaskin Jack Μ. , Wahlquist Harold 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two map turtles housed in an aquarium with a group of other map turtles became lethargic and anorectic, and subcutaneous edema developed prior to their deaths. Gross postmortem findings included subcutaneous edema and swollen, diffusely pale livers. Histologic examination of the livers revealed multifocal to diffuse areas of necrosis, with intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions in hepatocytes. Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic aggregates of particles morphologically resembling herpesvirus were identified in degenerating hepatocytes by electron microscopy.
Mycobacterial osteomyelitis in captive marsupials
Authors: Mann Peter C. , Montali Richard J. , Bush Mitchell 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycobacterial osteomyelitis was detected in 3 marsupials exhibited at the National Zoological Park, Washington, DC. One Matschiei's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei), 1 Parma wallaby (Macropus parma), and 1 long-nosed rat kangaroo (Potorous tridactylus) were affected. The Parma wallaby had disseminated granulomatosis. Acid-fast organisms were observed in the bone marrow of the wallaby, using the auramine-O-rhodamine fluorescent technique; however, cultures were negative. The tibiotarsal joint of the rat kangaroo contained exudate, with fistulous tracts and necrosis of the articular surface. Granulomas with necrotic centers from this area were positive by auramine-O-rhodamine but were negative on culture. The tree kangaroo had thickening of the right ischium, with a pocket of exudate caudal to the acetabulum. The musculature in the acetabular area was thickened and fibrotic. Mycobacterium avium serotype 15 was isolated from the ischium and liver of this animal.
Intestinal obstruction and perforation caused by undigested Acacia sp leaves in langur monkeys
Authors: Ensley Philip K. , Rost Thomas L. , Anderson Marilyn , Benirschke Kurt , Brockman Diane , Ullrey Duane 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During a 2-week period, 3 hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) died from severe fibrinopurulent and proliferative peritonitis. Partially digested plant material was identified in the necrotic abdominal debris of the 1st and 2nd langurs. In the 3rd, a phytobezoar that extended 17.5 cm distally from the pyloric area had caused a 1-cm perforation. Seven months later, surgery was performed on a douc langur (Pygathrix nemaeus) to remove 1 gastric and 2 intestinal phytobezoars composed primarily of undigested Acacia sp leaves. An analysis of Acacia sp leaves consumed by these langurs revealed a high cell wall concentration (40%, dry basis), with an exceedingly high proportion of this cell wall composed of indigestible lignin. It was concluded that the species of acacia (Acacia saligna and A longifolia) fed in these cases are inappropriate browse items for langurs.
Mycobacterium bovis isolated from a dusky langur with granulomas in the intestine
Authors: Himes Elmer M. , Wendt Wallace A. , Luchsinger Donald W. , Jarnagin Jerald L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Tubercles were seen in the spleen of a male dusky langur (Presbytis obscurus) on laparotomy. Subsequently, tuberculous lesions in the intestine, lungs, and a hilar lymph node were observed on necropsy of the monkey. Histologic examinations of these tissues revealed granulomas, and acid-fast bacilli were observed within granulomas in replicate sections that were stained with auramine-O. An acid-fast organism was isolated and identified as Mycobacterium bovis. Guinea pigs and rabbits inoculated intraperitoneally with the organism developed granulomas in the lungs, liver, and spleen. Lesions did not develop in chickens inoculated with the culture.