bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stepwise examination for differential diagnosis of primary lung cancer and breast cancer relapse presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule in patients after mastectomy
Authors: Okasaka Toshiki , Usami Noriyasu , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Yatabe Yasushi , Matsuo Keitaro , Yokoi Kohei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe distinction of primary lung from metastatic breast cancer is crucial in patients presenting with a solitary pulmonary nodule after mastectomy, because treatment strategies are completely different. Definitive diagnosis of these nodules, however, is often difficult. We assessed the feasibility of our diagnostic approach for these nodules and estimated the frequency of primary lung cancer occurrence in patients after mastectomy.MethodsWe evaluated solitary pulmonary nodules appearing in 48 patients after mastectomy. For histological examination, CT‐guided needle aspiration biopsy (CT‐NAB) or trans‐bronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) was performed. Besides conventional morphopathological examination, differential diagnosis was performed by immunohistochemical examination and evaluation using a molecular marker (mammaglobin 1).ResultsBiopsy specimens were obtained using minimally invasive methods, namely CT‐NAB and TBLB, in 91.7% of patients. From 48 patients, differential diagnosis was obtained by morphopathological methods alone in 32, and by immunohistochemical and molecular marker examination in the remaining 16. Final diagnosis was metastatic breast and primary lung cancer in 40 (83.3%) and 8 patients (16.7%), respectively.ConclusionsOur results show the clinical feasibility of our stepwise approach to the differential diagnosis of primary lung cancer and breast cancer relapse presenting as a solitary nodule in patients after mastectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:510–514. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastric Cancer histology: Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic value
Authors: Park Joong‐Min , Jang You‐Jin , Kim Jong‐Han , Park Sung‐Soo , Park Seong‐Heum , Kim Seung‐Joo , Mok Young‐Jae , Kim Chong‐Suk 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGastric cancer can be divided into two major histologic categories, that is, differentiated and undifferentiated types. In the present study, we sought to clarify the prognoses and clinicopathologic characteristics of signet ring cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma, both of which are mucin‐producing tumors of the undifferentiated type.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of 2,275 patients who underwent gastric resection. Cases were divided into four histologic groups: differentiated carcinoma (well differentiated and moderately differentiated, WMD), poorly differentiated (PD), signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC), and mucinous carcinoma (MC).ResultsThe overall cumulative 5‐year survival rates for patients were 67% for WMD, 54% for PD, 65% for SRC, and 48% for MC. The outcome of SRC was similar to that of WMD, whereas that of MC was similar to that of PD. Stage‐stratified analysis revealed that histologic type was not statistically related to survival in patients with stage I, II, or III. On the other hand, histologic type in patients with stage IV disease was found to be significantly associated with survival.ConclusionsHistologic classifications of mucin‐producing gastric cancers should separately be considered from other histologic types. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:520–525. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Collagen‐Like Sequential Polypeptides Containing O‐Phospho‐L‐Hydroxyproline and Preparation of Electrospun Composite Fibers for Possible Dental Application
Authors: Ohkawa Kousaku , Hayashi Shinya , Kameyama Naoto , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Mina , Kimoto Shigenari , Kurata Shigeaki , Shinji Hisaaki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA synthetic route is described for collagen‐like polypeptides constructed from O‐phospho‐L‐hydroxyproline [Hyp(PO3H2)] residues. Using the synthetic polypeptides and a natural protein, gelatin, fine fibers and their network structures (ESNWs) were prepared via electrospinning. The composite ESNWs can induce the mineralization of calcium phosphate. The phosphoryl groups of the Hyp(PO3H2) residues affect both the crystalline phase and amount of the calcium phosphate, depending on the chemical structure in the repeating sequence. The composite ESNWs can be developed as a biocompatible replacement of the extracellular matrix of hard tissues, and thus can be applied as dental materials for restoration of dental cavities or as a sealant for pits and fissures.magnified image
Comonomer Length Influence on the Structure and Mechanical Response of Metallocenic Polypropylenic Materials
Authors: Palza Humberto , López‐Majada Juan M. , Quijada Raúl , Pereña José M. , Benavente Rosario , Pérez Ernesto , Cerrada María L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe structure and properties have been comprehensively studied for metallocene copolymers of propylene‐1‐hexene (CiPH) and propylene‐1‐octadecene (CiPOD). The comonomer content constitutes the most important factor affecting both structure and properties in these CiPH and CiPOD copolymers, although the length of the comonomer is also very important. Thus, a considerable decrease in crystallinity and an easier obtainment of mesomorphic‐like ordered entities are observed in the two kinds of copolymers as comonomer content increases. The variations in crystalline structure significantly influence the viscoelastic and mechanical behaviors of these CiPH and CiPOD copolymers. Consequently, the location and intensity of the different relaxation mechanisms as well as stiffness parameters (storage, Young's moduli, and microhardness) and deformation mechanism are strongly dependent upon composition.magnified image
Smart Surface of Gold Nanoparticles Fabricated by Combination of RAFT and Click Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zheng Zhaohui , Ding Xiaobin , Peng Yuxing 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA simple efficient post‐modification route to the fabrication of hybrid gold nanoparticles with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) based on click chemistry is described. The PNIPAm was prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT). The PNIPAm was immobilized onto gold nanoparticles with grafting densities of 5.8 chains · nm−2 by a click reaction. The hybrid gold nanoparticles showed a temperature responsive phenomenon as the temperature changed between 20 and 45 °C.magnified image
A New pH Sensor Using the Fluorescence Quenching of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Cho Eun Seon , Hong Sung Woo , Jo Won Ho 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA new pH sensor based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which consist of a fluorescent molecule and a CNT attached to each chain end of a pH sensitive polysulfonamide, respectively, is synthesized, and its pH sensitivity is examined in terms of the fluorescent quenching efficiency of the CNT. The pH sensitive polymeric linker shows an abrupt conformational change between an expanded coil structure and a collapsed globule structure, which results in the drastic on‐and‐off fluorescent quenching efficiency because of the change in the distance between the fluorophore and CNT. This CNT‐based sensor responds to a small change in pH with well‐defined on‐and‐off behavior, and also shows an excellent reversibility against pH change, which explains its feasibility to be widely used in the areas of biological and environmental applications.magnified image
The FOOTSTEP self‐management foot care programme: Are rheumatoid arthritis patients physically able to participate?
Authors: Semple R. , Newcombe L.W. , Finlayson G.L. , Hutchison C.R. , Forlow J.H. , Woodburn J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground: The FOOTSTEP self‐management foot care programme is a clinical and cost‐effective programme for basic foot care in the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine if patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) would be physically able to participate.Methods: A consecutive cohort of RA patients undergoing podiatry care underwent tests for sight, reach and grip strength to determine their physical ability to undertake self‐managed foot care.Results: Thirty RA patients (10 male, 20 female), with a median age of 61 years (range 42 to 84) and disease duration of 10 years (range one to 40), were recruited. All patients passed the sight test, whereas the reach and grip tests were passed by 77% and 67% of patients, respectively. Only 57% of patients passed all the physical tests. Patients who failed the physical tests were older, and had longer disease duration and higher physical disability, pain and general health scores but these were not statistically different.Conclusions: Just over half the patients in this present cohort may be physically able to undertake some aspects of self‐managed foot care, including nail clipping and filing, callus filing and daily hygiene and inspection. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized midpoint algorithm for the integration of a generalized plasticity model for sands
Authors: Mira P. , Tonni L. , Pastor M. , Fernández Merodo J. A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a method of performing the integration of generalized plasticity models, in which, unlike classical elastoplasticity, the yield surface is not explicitly defined. The algorithm is based on a generalized midpoint scheme and is applied to a specific generalized plasticity model for sands, in which a hyperelastic formulation is introduced to describe the reversible component of the soil response instead of the hypoelastic approach originally proposed. In this way, an efficient integration scheme is developed in the elastic strain space. The consistent, algorithmic tangent operator is derived. Isoerror maps are generated to study the local accuracy of the numerical integration algorithm. Results from a series of numerical examples based on the simulation of drained triaxial tests are given to illustrate the accuracy and convergence properties of the algorithm, both at the local and at the global level. Finally an example is given of the simulation of a cyclic triaxial test to illustrate the improvement on accuracy caused by the use of a hyperelastic law into the constitutive equations, as opposed to the hypoelastic formulation initially adopted in the model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversal of the Hall coefficient sign under homogenization
Authors: Briane Marc , Milton Graeme 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis work deals with the homogenization of the Hall effect in dimension three. The effective Hall coefficient preserves the bounds of the local Hall coefficient in dimension two. This is not the case in dimension three. We present a three‐dimensional composite for which the homogenized Hall coefficient has opposite sign to the local Hall coefficient. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Retrieving topological information from the phase‐field description of geometric evolution
Authors: Du Qiang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPhase field and diffuse interface are popular methods for the modeling and simulations of evolving interfaces. They do not track the interface explicitly, and are insensitive to topological events. In some areas of applications, detecting and controlling topological change may be important. In this talk, we discuss some recent works with current and former colleagues at Penn State (C. Liu, R. Ryham, and X. Wang) on the development of effective formula for retrieving topological information within the phase field framework. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal control for networks of gas‐pipelines
Authors: Dymkou Siarhei , Leugering Guenter 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe consider the optimization and control of gas‐flow in networks of pipelines. The main objective is to maximize the throughput through the pipeline from the providers to the customers by choosing proper valve‐ and release‐configurations as well as compressors in order to maintain the pressure in given bounds. This problem is considered in the context of a multistage mathematical formalization. Namely on the first stage we use the graph model in order to define the “basic regime” for the pressure and flow gas. On the second stage the detailed description of dynamic processes in gas pipeline units based on nonlinear partial hyperbolic equation which are linearized in some neighborhood of the “basic regime” defined on the first stage. In the presented paper the mathematical model and the corresponding optimization problem of gas transport networks are introduced on the basis of the constructive approach in the graph and 2‐D system setting. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability and bound‐exceeding elastic and viscoelastic response of composite materials having a negative‐stiffness phase
Authors: Kochmann D. M. , Drugan W. J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe show that a composite material with one phase having negative bulk and Young's moduli (and therefore being unstable by itself) can be stable overall under dead traction boundary conditions if the encapsulating phase is sufficiently stiff. We also show experimental evidence that appropriate tuning of the negative‐stiffness phase can lead to bound‐exceeding elastic and viscoelastic overall material response. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Algebraic substructuring (AS) for eigenvalue and frequency response calculations
Authors: Bai Zhaojun , Gao Weiguo , Ko Jin‐Hwan , Li Xiaoye S. , Yang Chao 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEigenvalue and frequency response calculations are ubiquitous in scientific modeling and engineering analysis. Algebraic substructuring (AS) method is a powerful numerical technique for solving extremely large scale problems. We developed a unified framework and AS code that can solve both problems efficiently. Furthermore, we addressed some of the open problems in this field, including resolving arbitrary eigenmodes, performing high frequency response analysis, accuracy and performance. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence and uniqueness results for a nonlinear differential system
Authors: Luca‐Tudorache Rodica 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe study the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of the strong and weak solutions of a nonlinear differential system with 2Nequations in a real Hilbert spaceH, subject to a boundary condition and initial data. This problem is a discrete version with respect to spatial variable x of some partial differential problems (withH= ℝn), which have applications in integrated circuits modelling
On a numerical solution of the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation by the fundamental solutions method
Authors: Ohe Takashi , Yamatani Katsu , Ohnaka Kohzaburo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe discuss a numerical method to solve a Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation in the two‐dimensional annular domain.We consider the case that the Cauchy data is given on an arc. We develop an approximation method based of the fundamental solutions method using the least squares method with Tikhonov regularization. The effectiveness of our method is examined by a numerical experiment. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aspects of vortex dynamics in Ginzburg‐Landau models
Authors: Bethuel Fabrice , Orlandi Giandomenico , Smets Didier 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe survey some recent work concerning the asymptotic dynamics of vortices in the 2‐dimensional parabolic Ginzburg‐Landau equation, the interaction of vortices with the phase field and the limiting initial value problem for both vortices and phase. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards the problem of hydrodynamic stability of plane‐parallel dusty‐gas flows
Authors: Osiptsov Alexander , Boronin Sergei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSeveral modifications of the classical Saffman formulation of the dusty‐gas flow linear stability problem are considered. Dispersed flows are described by a two‐fluid model. Linear stability problems are reduced to the solution of modified Orr‐Sommerfeld equations which are solved by the orthogonalization method. It is shown, that the additional factors taken into account in the problem formulation affect significantly the flow stability limits. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new stretch‐twist‐fold model for fast dynamo
Authors: Ricca Renzo L. , Maggioni Francesca 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPreliminary results on a new Stretch‐Twist‐Fold (STF) kinematic model for fast dynamo are presented. The evolution is prescribed by equations that govern the simultaneous stretching, writhing and coiling of a magnetic flux‐tube by diffeomorphism of the initial circular configuration. Simple estimates based on minimized magnetic energy show that exponential growth of the magnetic field is indeed possible. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Turbulent shear‐layer scaling in the limit of infinite Reynolds number derived from the unsteady equations of motion
Authors: Scheichl Bernhard , Kluwick Alfred 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBy considering the time‐mean motion, an asymptotic description of turbulent shear flows in the limit of high Reynolds numbers, conveniently carried out by adopting the method of matched asymptotic expansions, is inherently based on (a few) assumptions regarding the essential physical properties of the flow in the respective layer considered. Although this procedure has substantiated some classical results, as, for instance, the logarithmic law of the wall, it is, nevertheless, not completely satisfactory from a rational point of view: for this reason, we first demonstrate that a rigorous application of the matching principle alone is not capable of deducing the aforementioned wall law in the case of boundary layer flows by taking into account the widely accepted presumption of the so‐called ‘inviscid’ nature of the fully turbulent main portion of the shear layer. Therefore, to some extent, the usual approaches turn out to be incomplete, for (i) the motivation for the assumptions commonly employed seems not stringent and, unfortunately, (ii) are, strictly speaking, insufficient for developing a complete asymptotic theory. To be more precise, assumptions that are usually expressed by dimensional considerations can not adequately enter the matching conditions derived from the non‐dimensional form of the governing equations, which, however, is required for an asymptotic analysis. Consequently, the time‐mean scaling of the asymptotic structure of the flow is seen to result from an asymptotic analysis of the Navier–Stokes equations by, as the only fundamental assumption, considering an asymptotically slender turbulent shear layer. Amongst others, it is demonstrated briefly how a combination of multiple‐scales techniques and matched asymptotic expansions leads to the internal boundary layer splitting. Also, it is outlined how the latter also reflects the time‐mean characteristics of the flow, which have already been adopted successfully in former studies, e.g. by using rather conventional mixing length arguments. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Partly dissipative reaction diffusion systems: global attractors and determining modes
Authors: Shao Zhoude 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis is an outline of a paper that extend the results of Hale and Raugel [2003] on regularity and determining nodes for solutions of dissipative evolutionary equations to abstract partly dissipative systems. The results are applicable to partly dissipative reaction diffusion systems. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiscale singularity trees
Authors: Somchaipeng K. , Sporring J. , Johansen P. , Kreiborg S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe propose MultiScale Singularity Trees (MSSTs) as a structure to represent images, and we propose an algorithm for image comparison based on comparing MSSTs. The algorithm is tested on 3 public image databases and compared to 2 state‐of‐theart methods. We conclude that the computational complexity of our algorithm only allows for the comparison of small trees, and that the results of our method are comparable with state‐of‐the‐art using much fewer parameters for image representation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Convex separable minimization with box constraints
Authors: Stefanov Stefan M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA minimization problem with convex separable objective function subject to a convex separable inequality constraint of the form “less than or equal to” and bounds on the variables (box constraints) is considered. Necessary and sufficient condition is proved for a feasible solution to be an optimal solution to this problem. An iterative algorithm of polynomial complexity for solving problems of the considered form is suggested and its convergence is proved. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Model order reduction for nonlinear problems in circuit simulation
Authors: Verhoeven A. , Voss T. , Astrid P. , ter Maten E.J.W. , Bechtold T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractElectrical circuits usually contain nonlinear components. Hence we are interested in MOR methods that can be applied to a system of nonlinear Differential‐Algebraic Equations (DAEs). In particular we consider the TPWL (Trajectory PieceWise Linear) and POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) methods. While the first one fully exploits linearity, the last method needs modifications to become efficient in evaluation. We describe a particular technique based on Missing Point Estimation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA is located within Alzheimer's disease amyloid plaques
Authors: Wozniak MA , Mee AP , Itzhaki RF 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe brains of Alzheimer's disease sufferers are characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. However, the cause(s) of these features and those of the disease are unknown, in sporadic cases. We previously showed that herpes simplex virus type 1 is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease when in the brains of possessors of the type 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE‐ε4), and that β‐amyloid, the main component of plaques, accumulates in herpes simplex virus type 1‐infected cell cultures and mouse brain. The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship of the virus to plaques by determining their proximity in human brain sections. We used in situ polymerase chain reaction to detect herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA, and immunohistochemistry or thioflavin S staining to detect amyloid plaques. We discovered a striking localization of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA within plaques: in Alzheimer's disease brains, 90% of the plaques contained the viral DNA and 72% of the DNA was associated with plaques; in aged normal brains, which contain amyloid plaques at a lower frequency, 80% of plaques contained herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA but only 24% of the viral DNA was plaque‐associated (p < 0.001). We suggest that this is because in aged normal individuals, there is a lesser production and/or greater removal of β‐amyloid (Aβ), so that less of the viral DNA is seen to be associated with Aβ in the brain. Our present data, together with our finding of Aβ accumulation in herpes simplex virus type 1‐infected cells and mouse brain, suggest that this virus is a major cause of amyloid plaques and hence probably a significant aetiological factor in Alzheimer's disease. They point to the usage of antiviral agents to treat the disease and possibly of vaccination to prevent it. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.