bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of renal gentamicin depletion kinetic properties in sheep, using serial percutaneous biopsies
Authors: Brown S. Anthony , Baird A. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tissue drug residue research often involves the killing of an animal every time tissue concentrations are determined. To decrease the number of animals required to perform tissue depletion studies and to circumvent the statistical problems associated with determining tissue depletion kinetic properties, using multiple animals, the renal depletion profile of gentamicin from individual sheep was studied, using a bilateral renal translocation technique. Seven ewes were surgically altered, allowed to stabilize, and then allocated into 2 groups; group-1 sheep (n = 4) were given 3 mg of gentamicin/kg, im, q 12 h for 10 days, and group-2 sheep (n = 3) were not given gentamicin. The kidneys from all ewes were biopsied 9 times over 74 days after the termination of gentamicin treatment. The renal concentrations of gentamicin were measured by use of a validated tissue digestion procedure coupled with a liquid-phase fluorescence polarization immunoassay. On days 75 and 77 after the end of gentamicin treatment, all ewes were euthanatized and necropsied. The concentrations of gentamicin in the biopsy specimens ranged from 71.9 to 183 μg/g on days 1 and 2 after dosing, and decreased to concentrations ranging from 3.99 to 7.35 μg/g on days 73 and 74 after the end of dosing. The decrease in renal gentamicin concentrations was best described by a biexponential equation. The early phase half-life was 2.8 days, whereas the terminal phase half-life was 59 days (harmonic means). There was no difference in the appearance or histologic features of the kidneys from groups 1 and 2. The only lesions noticed were linear fibroses that were attributed to the biopsy procedure.
Peanut agglutinin as a surface marker for canine T lymphocytes
Authors: Turnwald Grant H. , McClure Jill J. , Powell Mary D. , Shao Kung-Ping P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Peanut agglutinin (pna) and surface immunoglobulin (SIg) were investigated as markers for T and B lymphocytes in blood and lymphoid tissues of dogs of various ages. In the blood study, 4 age groups (n = 8 dogs/group) were used. The mean (± sd) percentages of pna-positive (pna+) cells were 68.4 ± 8.6% (group 1, < 1 year old), 70.3 ± 9.2% (group 2, 1 to 2 years old), 72.0 ± 3.7% (group 3, 5 to 6 years old), and 63.8 ± 10.1% (group 4, 10 to 11 years old). The mean percentages of SIg-positive (SIg+) cells in blood were 32.1 ± 10.6% (group 1), 43.2 ± 7.0% (group 2), 34.3 ± 4.8% (group 3), and 35.0 ± 6.8% (group 4). The mean total percentages of pna+ and SIg+ cells were 100 ± 6.0% (group 1), 113.5 ± 4.9% (group 2), 106.3 ± 5.3% (group 3), and 98.9 ± 9.2% (group 4). The proportions of pna+ and SIg+ cells in dogs of group 2 were significantly (P < 0.05) different from those in dogs of the other groups.
Serial changes in pna+ and SIg+ cells were investigated in blood of 6- to 29-week-old pups (n = 8). A significant (P < 0.05) transient decrease in pna+ cells and a corresponding increase in SIg+ cells was observed in pups between 14 and 17 weeks old.
Lymphoid tissue specimens and blood samples were obtained from 2- to 6-month-old dogs (n = 11) and from 6-to 12-month-old dogs (n = 10). Percentages reflected the combined data from both groups because there were no significant differences between the 2 age groups. The mean percentages of pna+ cells were: blood, 68.4 ± 8.6%; thymus, 86.6 ± 16.3%; spleen, 29.5 ± 16.0%; lymph node, 48.5 ± 16.0%; and bone marrow, 30.8 ± 26.4%. The mean percentage of SIg + cells were: blood, 32.1 ± 10.6%; thymus, 3.1 ± 5.5%; spleen, 69.3 ± 10.3%; lymph node, 55.4 ± 15.2%; and bone marrow, 65.4 ± 22.4%.
The procedure to identify T lymphocytes in blood and lymphoid tissue was easy to perform, was reproducible, and could be performed on as few as 106 cells. Percentages of T lymphocytes identified compared favorably with those of other studies.
Susceptibility of cats to infection with Ehrlichia risticii, causative agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
Authors: Dawson Jacqueline E. , Abeygunawardena Indra , Holland Cynthia J. , Buese Margaret M. , Ristic Miodrag 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight adult cats were inoculated iv (n = 6) or sc (n = 2) with Ehrlichia risticii-infected P388D1 (continuous murine macrophage) cells or with E risticii released from P388D1 cells. Three additional cats were inoculated with organism-free P388D1 cultured monocytes, and 1 cat, which served as a medium control, was inoculated with balanced salt solution. Clinical signs of illness were observed in the iv inoculated cats from which E risticii was isolated. One cat developed intermittent diarrhea between postinoculation days (pid) 8 and 18, and the other cat developed lymphadenopathy, acute depression, and anorexia between pid 20 and 24. Ehrlichia risticii was isolated in cultures from 2 of 6 iv inoculated cats on pid 6, 10, and 17. Both cats were inoculated with E risticii released from the P388D1 cells. Ehrlichia risticii was not isolated from sc inoculated cats or from control cats. All 8 cats inoculated with E risticii seroconverted between pid 10 and 23.
A pony inoculated with E risticii isolated from 1 of the inoculated cats developed clinical signs of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis including fever, anorexia, depression, and mild colic. Ehrlichia risticii was isolated from the blood of this pony on pid 7, 9, 11, and 16.
Morphologic and morphometric studies of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves in clinically normal adult dogs
Authors: Braund Kyle G. , Steiss Janet E. , Marshall Arvle E. , Mehta Jagjivan R. , Toivio-Kinnucan Maria , Amling Karen A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Morphologic and morphometric studies were performed on the vagus nerve and its major branch, the recurrent laryngeal nerve (rln): (1) to determine normal histologic data in myelinated fibers of clinically normal young adult dogs, (2) to establish reference values for mean fiber diameter in the vagus nerve and in the proximal and distal portions of the rln, and (3) to delineate relative frequency distribution curves for each nerve. Few degenerative changes were observed in single teased-nerve fiber preparations. There was no statistical difference between left and right sides of the vagus nerve or between the proximal and distal portions of the rln (right and left sides). In contrast to the unimodal distribution of fibers in the vagus nerve and the proximal portion of the rln, the distribution of fibers in the distal portion of the rln was bimodal. Mean (± sd) fiber diameters of the vagus nerve and in the proximal portion of the rln (3.02 ± 1.44 μm and 3.63 ± 1.49 μm, respectively) were not significantly different, despite a shift to large-diameter fibers in the latter. However, mean fiber diameters of distal and proximal portions of the rln (5.56 ± 1.88 μm and 3.63 ± 1.49 μm, respectively) were significantly (P < 0.001) different. Approximately 86% of fibers in the vagus nerve and 76% of fibers in the proximal portion of the rln, had a diameter < 5 μm, and about 70% of fibers in the distal portion of the rln had a diameter > 5 μm. The fiber diameter in the distal portion of the rln ranged from 2 μm to 10 or 11 μm, yielding a computed conduction velocity of 54 to 60 m/s.
Comparison of three techniques to detect Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis in bovine urine
Authors: Bolin Carole A. , Zuerner Richard L. , Trueba Gabriel 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nucleic acid hybridization, bacteriologic culture, and a fluorescent antibody test were compared for detection of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis in bovine urine. Seventy-five urine samples were collected from pregnant cows challenge exposed with type hardjo-bovis. Twenty samples were collected from steers not exposed to hardjo-bovis. Sediments from each sample were examined, using fluorescent antibodies and a repetitive sequence element nucleic acid probe, to detect the presence of leptospires. Urine samples were processed for bacteriologic culture, using standard techniques. Under laboratory conditions typically used for these techniques, leptospires were detected in 60 of 75 urine samples from challenge exposed cows by nucleic acid hybridization, in 24 samples by fluorescent antibody test, and in 13 samples by bacteriologic culture. Leptospires were not detected in the urine of steers not exposed to hardjo-bovis.
Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition of turkey red blood cells with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Young Theresa F. , Erickson Barbara Z. , Ross Richard F. , Wannemuehler Yvonne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The ability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to agglutinate rbc was evaluated to develop an in vitro cytadsorption assay. Using swine rbc in a microtitration hemagglutination test, no agglutination or partial agglutination was detected. Comparison of rbc from various other species indicated that improved hemagglutination was obtained with rbc from turkeys. This hemagglutination was detected only when mycoplasma cells used in the assay had been frozen and thawed, heated at 50 C for 30 minutes, or treated with trypsin. Treatment of rbc with trypsin or neuraminidase enhanced hemagglutination. Possible surface lectin activity in M hyopneumoniae was evaluated by use of carbohydrates in a blocking assay; hemagglutination was not inhibited by any of 13 carbohydrates evaluated. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae convalescent porcine serum and monoclonal antibodies against 2 M hyopneumoniae immunogens of molecular weights of 64,000 and 41,000 inhibited hemagglutination.
Dose titration and confirmation tests for determination of cesticidal efficacy of epsiprantel in dogs
Authors: Corwin R. M. , Green S. P. , Keefe T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifty-five dogs, naturally infected with Taenia sp or Dipylidium caninum or both, were assigned to the following treatment groups for dose titration studies with epsiprantel: nonmedicated control dogs (n = 14), medicated dogs given a dosage of 2.75 mg/kg of body weight (n = 15), medicated dogs given a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg (n = 16), and medicated dogs given a dosage of 8.25 mg/kg (n = 10). Medication was given orally in a tablet formulation. Feces were examined for cestodes passed and the gastrointestinal tract was examined at necropsy for retained cestodes. Efficacy of epsiprantel was 92.9% against Taenia and 44.8% against Dipylidium for a dosage of 2.75 mg/kg, 100% against Taenia and 99.8% against Dipylidium for a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg, and 94.6% against Taenia and 100% against Dipylidium for a dosage of 8.25 mg/kg.
For dose confirmation, 36 dogs naturally infected with Taenia sp or D caninum or both were allotted to 2 treatment groups: nonmedicated control dogs (n = 16) and dogs medicated with epsiprantel at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg (n = 20). Efficacy was 100% for both Taenia sp and D caninum.
Atrophic rhinitis in New Zealand White rabbits infected with Pasteurella multocida
Authors: DiGiacomo Ronald F. , Deeb Barbara J. , Giddens W. Ellis , Bernard Bon L. , Chengappa M. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Atrophic rhinitis was detected in New Zealand White rabbits when upper respiratory tract disease was evaluated during a vaccine field trial for the prevention of pasteurellosis. Of 52 adult rabbits euthanatized and necropsied, 26 (50%) had evidence of turbinate atrophy. Atrophy was detected in 77% of rabbits with Pasteurella multocida infection only, 71% of rabbits with concurrent P multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica infections, and 6% of rabbits with B bronchiseptica infection only. Grossly, turbinate atrophy was characterized by a mild to severe loss or diminution in the maxilloturbinates. Histologically, turbinate bones were small and irregular in thickness and had numerous osteoclasts and osteoblasts. A neutrophilic exudate filled the nasal passages, and infiltrates of neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected in the mucosa and submucosa of the nasal turbinates. Rhinitis was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with turbinate atrophy. Isolates of P multocida from rabbits with turbinate atrophy were serotype A:12.
Interleukin-2 production by mitogen-stimulated intestinal mucosal leukocytes from cattle
Authors: Nagi Abdelbagi M. , Babiuk Lorne A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Leukocytes isolated from intraepithelium, lamina propria, and aggregated lymphatic follicles of the small intestine of healthy adult cattle were tested for their ability to produce interleukin 2 (il-2) by in vitro stimulation of cells with mitogens. Supernatants from interepithelial leukocytes, lamina propria leukocytes, and cultures stimulated with concanavalin A (conA), phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen contained growth factors with the capacity to maintain proliferation of a bovine il-2-dependent lymphoblastoid cell line. Interleukin-2 activity was demonstrated in supernatants of all 3 conA-stimulated leukocytes populations as early as 20 hours after initiation of culture, reached peak values at 30 to 50 hours, and decreased by 72 hours. Although quantitative variations of il-2 production were observed between various cell types and among cattle, conA was the most potent in inducing il-2 activity in all 3 leukocyte populations.
Supplementaion of culture medium with 2-mercapto-ethanol or phorbol myristrate acetate neither induced il-2 production nor enhanced mitogen-induced il-2 production. Addition of indomethacin to conA-stimulated cultures enhanced il-2 production. Although depletion of adherent cells did not affect il-2 production, total eliminaiton of la-positive accessory cells inhibited its production by all 3 cell populations. Lymphocytes responsible for il-2 production in aggregated lymphatic follicle population were presumptive T cells because they were nylon wool-nonadherent, B26A positive (monoclonal antibody directed against pan T cells), pIg45A negative (antibody directed against pan B cells), and considered peanut agglutination-positive.
Thoracic and Abdominal Radiographic Abnormalities in the Multicentric Form of Lymphosarcoma in Dogs
Authors: Ackerman Norman , Madewell Bruce R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thoracic and abdominal radiographs from 100 dogs with lymphosarcoma were reviewed to determine the type and frequency of radiographic abnormalities associated with the disease. Sternal lymphadenopathy was the most frequent (60%) thoracic radiographic abnormality. Hepatomegaly (47%), splenomegaly (55%), and sublumbar lymphadenopathy (49.5%) were the most frequent abdominal radiographic abnormalities; these were most often seen in combination. A single radiographic abnormality or combination of abnormalities was not observed frequently enough to suggest that a diagnosis could be made only on the basis of radiographic findings.
Tracheal Resection and Anastomosis in Dogs
Authors: Lau Richard E. , Schwartz Anthony , Buergelt Claus D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Resection and end-to-end anastomosis of the trachea is a practical procedure for the correction of various forms of tracheal stenosis. Preplacing retention sutures facilitates manipulation of the trachea and rapid apposition of the tracheal ends. These same sutures then relieve tension on the primary suture line, assuring early epithelialization.
Two dogs with tracheal stenosis were treated by use of this technique. Slight narrowing of the trachea was evident postoperatively in both dogs, but neither dyspnea nor coughing occurred during the follow-up period.
Pet Ownership in Rural Northern California (El Dorado County)
Authors: Franti C. E. , Kraus J. F. , Borhani N. O. , Johnson S. L. , Tucker S. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Demographic and economic aspects of pet ownership were studied in 488 households in El Dorado County, California, from May to July 1971. About 60% of households owned dogs or cats, and pet ownership was most prevalent (75%) in two small residential communities in the western end of the county. Among dogs, Poodle and German Shepherd Dog were the most popular breeds; about 36% of the females in the sample were spayed, but only 6% of the males were castrated. Approximately one third of all cats had been neutered. Reported use of veterinary services was higher for dogs (79%) than for cats (53%).
The results of the survey indicated pet ownership is most likely to be found in households with children, where the head of household is employed, generally confirming findings from earlier surveys in Yolo, Alameda, and Contra Costa Counties (all in northern California) and later surveys in Champaign County, Illinois, and Garland, Tex.
Some community health findings were included for El Dorado County and nearby Yolo County. In these two counties, cancer was reported more frequently by adults without pets (3.9% of those ≥ 65 years old) than by pet owners (1.8% of those ≥ 65 years old). Among children < 5 years old, “frequent diarrhea” was reported more commonly in homes without pets (9.5% vs 2.6%; P < 0.01). On the other hand, pet-owning adults, 16 to 64 years of age, living in rural areas or areas with generally lower than average incomes reported “frequent headaches” (21%) more frequently than did adults without pets (17%; P < 0.025%) who resided in the same areas.
Salmonellosis in a Group of Ponies: Failure To Identify a Chronic Active Carrier
Authors: Smith Bradford P. , Timm Karen , Jahn Sharon , Reina-Guerra Mario 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three of 33 ponies died after the herd had been moved to a new environment 3 months earlier. One mare died without premonitory signs of illness. Shortly thereafter, a 5-day-old foal and a 2-year-old gelding died after brief illness. Although cultures were not performed on the mare, Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the feces and tissues of the foal and gelding. Lesions in the foal were confined to ecchymotic hemorrhages on the mucosal surface of the colon and petechial hemorrhages in the splenic capsule, with adhesions to the parietal peritoneum. The gelding had evidence of severe typhlitis and colitis.
Subsequent culturing of feces from all ponies for 5 consecutive days revealed five ponies shedding S typhimurium, including the dam of the dead foal, the 6-week-old foal of the dead mare, and three others. Phage typing indicated that all isolants were of the same type. Weekly fecal cultures of all ponies for the next 9 weeks revealed that 1 month after the initial cultures, none of the ponies was shedding Salmonella. Monthly cultures for the next year did not yield any growth of Salnomella, indicating there was no active carrier (shedder) in the herd. The source of Salmonella that initiated the outbreak was not found, in spite of environmental culturing.
Occlusion of Internal Carotid Artery in the Horse by Means of a Balloon-Tipped Catheter: Evaluation of a Method Designed To Prevent Epistaxis Caused by Guttural Pouch Mycosis
Authors: Freeman David E. , Donawick William J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A procedure developed to occlude the internal carotid artery of horses with guttural pouch mycosis was modified and evaluated in nine clinically normal horses. The left internal carotid artery was ligated at its origin and occluded distally with an intraluminal balloon catheter.
In four horses, the balloon-tipped catheters were left in place until these horses were euthanatized at 4 to 244 days after surgery. In the remaining horses, the catheters were removed after 10 to 14 days by a cutdown procedure, and these horses were euthanatized 1 to 60 days after catheter removal. In both groups, gross and histologic examinations revealed that occlusive thrombosis had developed in sections of artery distal to the balloon. Postoperative complications were not encountered.
Pseudoachondroplastic Dysplasia in Miniature Poodles: Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Features
Authors: Riser Wayne H. , Haskins Mark E. , Jezyk Peter F. , Patterson Donald F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia were studied in 13 affected Miniature Poodles. The disease became evident when pups were about 3 weeks old. Normal-appearing and affected pups were in the same litter, and both sexes were affected. Abnormal locomotion with abducted hindlimbs and flattened rib cages were accompanied by short, bent limbs and enlarged joints. Radiographically, areas of stippling and patchy densities were evident in the epiphyses. Histologically, these densities were identified as areas of bone associated with retarded ossification. After growth is completed, the epiphyses ossify, but the bones are shortened and deformed. General health appears normal, except for restricted locomotion due to secondary arthritis and difficult breathing in dogs with a deformed thorax.
Acquired Peripheral Arteriovenous Fistula in a Dog
Authors: Butterfield Arthur B. , Hix William R. , Pickrel Jerry C. , Johnson Karen E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A pulsating mass with a continuous bruit was discovered in a dog's flank during routine examination. Based on a history of trauma and clinical signs, an acquired arteriovenous (av) fistula and a false aneurysm were included in the differential diagnosis. Arteriography confirmed the presence of an av fistula and outlined the lesion for successful surgical extirpation. Histopathologic characteristics of the av fistula were similar to those in man.
Veterinary Services to the Pennsylvania Sheep Industry
Authors: Donoghue Susan , Kronfeld David S. , Menhennett Annette 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Questionnaires on ovine management and disease were distributed to sheep producers and large animal veterinarians in Pennsylvania. Returns indicated economic analysis of veterinary services to eastern farm flocks to be of primary importance. Although most producers were reluctant to request veterinary services because of cost, the average expenditure for veterinary services was reasonable ($143 per flock per year). Producers appeared to have little awareness of expected benefits from veterinary services. It was concluded that coordination of veterinary services and producer management should increase production and economic returns. Determination of cost/benefit ratios for individual and flock veterinary care would allow for formulation of sound flock health programs and would demonstrate effectiveness of such programs to producers and veterinarians.
Spontaneous Shedding of Pseudorabies Virus from a Clinically Recovered Postparturient Sow
Authors: Davies E. B. , Beran G. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pseudorabies virus was shed by a sow that had been clinically infected 19 months earlier (when 1 month old) and had been in isolation for 3½ months. The shedding was detected from the third to eighth days after farrowing and was confined to the nasal secretion. Two susceptible pigs in Contact with the sow after farrowing were not infected.
Photosensitization of Sheep on Kleingrass Pasture
Authors: Muchiri D. J. , Bridges Charles H. , Ueckert Darrell N. , Bailey E. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The clinical appearance and serum gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) activity were studied in 5 groups of sheep (12 per group) on kleingrass (Panicum coloratura) pasture plots and in 1 group of sheep (10 animals) on native buffalograss (Buchloë dactyloides) pasture. Eleven sheep (at least 1 from each group on kleingrass pasture plots) had elevated serum ggtactivity. Seven of 11 sheep with elevated serum ggtactivity developed signs of photosensitization. None of the sheep on buffalograss pasture developed signs of photosensitization or elevated ggtactivity.
The pathologic findings were similar in the sheep that had signs of photosensitization. Grossly, there was icterus and subcutaneous edema. The livers had tapeworms (Thysanosoma actinioides) in the bile ducts, were slightly swollen, and varied in color from yellow to ochre in severe cases of biliary system derangements. Microscopically, there was cholangitis.