bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of a rare form of congenital mid-ureteral stricture: a case report and literature revisited
Authors: Brugnara Milena , Cecchetto Mariangela , Manfredi Riccardo , Zuffante Michele , Fanos Vassilios , Pietrobelli Angelo , Zaffanello Marco 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Congenital mid-ureteral stricture is a rare malformation of the ureter leading to prenatal and neonatal hydronephrosis. Site characterization of the narrowing is important to optimize the surgical approach to the newborn affected by hydronephrosis.

Case presentation
We report a female EM with a rare form of hydronephrosis, (i.e. mid-ureteral stricture) which was detected early during pregnancy by imaging techniques. During fetal life both conventional fetal Ultrasound and maternal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were used to diagnose the obstruction. Magnetic Resonance pyelography and retrograde Ureteropyelography were performed after delivery and before surgical correction and confirmed the finding.
Furthermore, we revisited the literature using online MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The literature reported only a few cases of prenatal diagnosis of early onset mid-ureteral stricture.

Conclusion
Mid-ureteral stricture is a rare cause of prenatal hydronephrosis. The diagnosis should not be delayed in order to apply the appropriate surgical approach. As a result, we showed the usefulness of fetal MRI and postnatal Magnetic Resonance pyelography, in the event that radionuclide renography with Tc-MAG3 was less informative, to allow the detection of the site of ureteral narrowing. Intrasurgical retrograde ureteropyelography confirmed these findings.
Marker tolerant, immunocompetent animals as a new tool for regenerative medicine and long-term cell tracking
Authors: Odörfer Kathrin I , Unger Nina J , Weber Karin , Sandgren Eric P , Erben Reinhold G 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Immune-mediated rejection of labeled cells is a general problem in transplantation studies using cells labeled with any immunogenic marker, and also in gene therapy protocols. The aim of this study was to establish a syngeneic model for long-term histological cell tracking in the absence of immune-mediated rejection of labeled cells in immunocompetent animals. We used inbred transgenic Fischer 344 rats expressing human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP) under the control of the ubiquitous R26 promoter for this study. hPLAP is an excellent marker enzyme, providing superb histological detection quality in paraffin and plastic sections.

Results
Transplantation of cells from hPLAP transgenic (hPLAP-tg) F344 rats into wild-type (WT) F344 recipients failed because of immune-mediated rejection. Here we show that this problem can be overcome by inducing tolerance to the marker gene by transplantation of bone marrow from hPLAP-tg F344 rats into WT F344 hosts after lethal irradiation, or by neonatal exposure of WT F344 rats to hPLAP-tg F344 cells. As proof-of-principle, we injected bone marrow cells (BMC) from hPLAP-tg rats into the knee joint of marker tolerant, bone marrow-transplanted WT rats, and found successful engraftment and differentiation of donor cells. In addition, hPLAP-tg BMC injected intravenously in neonatally tolerized WT F344 hosts could be traced in lymph nodes, 2 months post-injection.

Conclusion
In combination with the excellent marker hPLAP, marker tolerant animals may open up new perspectives for all experiments requiring long-term histological tracking of genetically labeled cells.
Screen time and physical activity during adolescence: longitudinal effects on obesity in young adulthood
Authors: Boone Janne E , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Adair Linda S , Popkin Barry M 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe joint impact of sedentary behavior and physical activity on obesity has not been assessed in a large cohort followed from adolescence to adulthood.MethodsNationally representative longitudinal data from Waves II (1995; mean age: 15.9) and III (2001; mean age: 21.4) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 9,155) were collected. Sex-stratified multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed the odds of obesity associated with Wave II MVPA and screen time, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and change in MVPA and screen time from Wave II to III. Obesity was defined using body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) International Obesity Task Force cut-points at Wave II and adult cut-points at Wave III (BMI ≥ 30).ResultsIn males, adjusted odds of prevalent obesity was strongly predicted by MVPA bouts [OR (95% CI): OR6 vs. 1 MVPA bouts= 0.50 (0.40, 0.62); OR4 vs. 40 hrs screen time= 0.83 (0.69, 1.00)]. In females, greater MVPA bouts and lower screen time correlated with lower prevalent obesity [OR (95% CI): OR6 vs. 1 MVPA bouts= 0.67 (0.49, 0.91); OR4 vs. 40 hrs screen time= 0.67 (0.53, 0.85)]. Longitudinally, adolescent screen time hours had a stronger influence on incident obesity in females [OR (95% CI): OR4 vs. 40 hrs= 0.58 (0.43, 0.80)] than males [OR (95% CI): OR4 vs. 40 hrs= 0.78 (0.61, 0.99)]. Longitudinal activity patterns were not predictive of incident obesity.ConclusionReducing screen time during adolescence and into adulthood may be a promising strategy for reducing obesity incidence, especially in females.
Functional diversification of sonic hedgehog paralog enhancers identified by phylogenomic reconstruction
Authors: Hadzhiev Yavor , Lang Michael , Ertzer Raymond , Meyer Axel , Strähle Uwe , Müller Ferenc 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Background
Cis-regulatory modules of developmental genes are targets of evolutionary changes that underlie the morphologic diversity of animals. Little is known about the 'grammar' of interactions between transcription factors and cis-regulatory modules and therefore about the molecular mechanisms that underlie changes in these modules, particularly after gene and genome duplications. We investigated the ar-C midline enhancer of sonic hedgehog (shh) orthologs and paralogs from distantly related vertebrate lineages, from fish to human, including the basal vertebrate Latimeria menadoensis.

Results
We demonstrate that the sonic hedgehog a (shha) paralogs sonic hedgehog b (tiggy winkle hedgehog; shhb) genes of fishes have a modified ar-C enhancer, which specifies a diverged function at the embryonic midline. We have identified several conserved motifs that are indicative of putative transcription factor binding sites by local alignment of ar-C enhancers of numerous vertebrate sequences. To trace the evolutionary changes among paralog enhancers, phylogenomic reconstruction was carried out and lineage-specific motif changes were identified. The relation between motif composition and observed developmental differences was evaluated through transgenic functional analyses. Altering and exchanging motifs between paralog enhancers resulted in reversal of enhancer specificity in the floor plate and notochord. A model reconstructing enhancer divergence during vertebrate evolution was developed.

Conclusion
Our model suggests that the identified motifs of the ar-C enhancer function as binary switches that are responsible for specific activity between midline tissues, and that these motifs are adjusted during functional diversification of paralogs. The unraveled motif changes can also account for the complex interpretation of activator and repressor input signals within a single enhancer.
Alteration of Marrow Cell Gene Expression, Protein Production, and Engraftment into Lung by Lung-Derived Microvesicles: A Novel Mechanism for Phenotype Modulation
Authors: Aliotta Jason M. , Sanchez-Guijo Fermin M. , Dooner Gerri J. , Johnson Kevin W. , Dooner Mark S. , Greer Kenneth A. , Greer Deborah , Pimentel Jeffrey , Kolankiewicz Luiz M. , Puente Napoleon , Faradyan Sam , Ferland Paulette , Bearer Elaine L. , Passero Michael A. , Adedi Mehrdad , Colvin Gerald A. , Quesenberry Peter J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNumerous animal studies have demonstrated that adult marrow-derived cells can contribute to the cellular component of the lung. Lung injury is a major variable in this process; however, the mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesize that injured lung is capable of inducing epigenetic modifications of marrow cells, influencing them to assume phenotypic characteristics of lung cells. We report that under certain conditions, radiation-injured lung induced expression of pulmonary epithelial cell-specific genes and prosurfactant B protein in cocultured whole bone marrow cells separated by a cell-impermeable membrane. Lung-conditioned media had a similar effect on cocultured whole bone marrow cells and was found to contain pulmonary epithelial cell-specific RNA-filled microvesicles that entered whole bone marrow cells in culture. Also, whole bone marrow cells cocultured with lung had a greater propensity to produce type II pneumocytes after transplantation into irradiated mice. These findings demonstrate alterations of marrow cell phenotype by lung-derived microvesicles and suggest a novel mechanism for marrow cell-directed repair of injured tissue.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Development and evaluation of carvedilol transdermal patches
Authors: Tanwar Yuveraj , Chauhan Chetan , Sharma Anshu 
Published: June 2007

Development and evaluation of carvedilol transdermal patchesTransdermal patches of carvedilol with a HPMC-drug reservoir were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique. In this investigation, the membranes of Eudragit RL100 and Eudragit RS100 were cast to achieve controlled release of the drug. The prepared patches possessed satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. Thickness, mass and drug content were uniform in prepared batches. Moisture vapour transmission through the patches followed zero-order kinetics.In vitropermeation studies were performed using a K-C diffusion cell across hairless guinea pig skin and followed the super case II transport mechanism. The effects of non-ionic surfactants Tween 80 and Span 80 on drug permeation were studied. The nonionic surfactants in the patches increased the permeation rate, Span 80 exhibiting better enhancement relative to Tween 80. The patches were seemingly free of potentially hazardous skin irritation.
Mesoporous Separation Membranes of Polymer‐Coated Copper Hydroxide Nanostrands
Authors: Peng X. S. , Jin J. , Ichinose I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractExtremely long and thin nanocomposite fibers are prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (or aniline) around the surfaces of copper hydroxide nanostrands. The individual nanostrands of 2.5 nm are uniformly coated with a polypyrrole layer of 3 to 4 nm, resulting in hybrid core/shell fibers of about 10 nm in diameter and a few micrometers in length, as confirmed by high‐resolution electron microscopy. The as‐prepared nanocomposite fibers are dispersive in water and can be converted into thin free‐standing films by simply filtering a small volume of the aqueous solution using a polycarbonate membrane filter. The films covering the submicrometer pores of the membrane filter have a thickness of a few tens of nanometers, and provide a mechanically stable nanofiber network with abundant pores of a few nanometers. The network is stable in acidic and basic media, and can be used for protein separation under pressures of at least 90 kPa. The permeation rates of cytochrome c, myoglobin, and ferritin were examined by changing the pH around their isoelectric points. It is seen that the nanofibrous free‐standing films on the polycarbonate membrane filter show clear size selectivity for the proteins, retaining extremely high filtration rates for water. We demonstrate herein durable mesoporous separation membranes made of organic–inorganic nanocomposite fibers and their outstanding performance.
CFD and experimental study on methane hydrate dissociation. Part II. General cases
Authors: Sean Wu‐Yang , Sato Toru , Yamasaki Akihiro , Kiyono Fumio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRate equations proposed in Part I were extended to dissociation processes induced by different methods such as depressurization, raised temperature, or simultaneous changes in temperature and pressure. For all cases, the dissociation rate of hydrate into the two‐phase coexisting region (V‐LW) can be expressed by a general form of the product of the rate constant and the logarithm of the solubility ratio of methane in the aqueous solution, xR to xS: xR is the solubility of methane in the aqueous solution that is hypothetically in equilibrium with the hydrate phase under the dissociation pressure and temperature, and xS is the equilibrium solubility of methane in water under the same dissociation condition. The virtual solubility of methane, xR, can be estimated by extrapolating the solubility curve of methane under the conditions in equilibrium with the stable hydrate to the region at which the dissociation occurs by a simple thermodynamic treatment. The dissociation equation was applied to experimental results of dissociation processes induced by depressurization with methane bubble formation. The experimentally observed dissociation rates were well correlated by the rate equation with the dissociation constants determined in Part I. The results suggest that the dissociation equation can be applied generally to dissociation processes that occur by different methods, and the rate constant is a universal parameter within the experimental range examined in this work. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007.
Sumatriptan for prevention of acute mountain sickness: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jafarian Sirous , Gorouhi Farzam , Salimi Shabnam , Lotfi Jamshid 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of sumatriptan prophylaxis on acute mountain sickness (AMS) and altitude headache development within 24 hours of ascent, we designed a double‐blind, randomized, clinical trial.MethodsA prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted in Tochal Mountain Hotel at an altitude of 3,500 meters above sea level during October 2006 to November 2006. A total of 102 Iranian adults were assigned to receive either sumatriptan succinate (50mg) or placebo within 1 hour of ascent. AMS incidence was measured by Lake Louise AMS score ≥ 3 with headache and one other symptom. Secondary outcome measures included severity of syndrome (Lake Louise scores ≥ 5), incidence of headache, and severity of headache.ResultsBased on intention‐to‐treat analysis, AMS was more prevalent in placebo group (n = 23 [45.1%]) than sumatriptan group (n = 12 [23.5%]; p = 0.02). Headache also had a greater rate for placebo users (placebo vs sumatriptan group: 29 [56.9%] vs 17 [33.3%]; p = 0.02). No association was detected between sumatriptan prophylaxis and AMS or altitude headache severity.DiscussionSumatriptan prophylaxis is effective to prevent AMS development. Furthermore, our findings confirm cerebral vasodilative and edematous mechanisms of AMS progression, whereas sumatriptan is a selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine1 receptor subtype agonist and a selective cerebral vasoconstrictor as a result (http://www.controlled‐trials.com/ISRCTN87201238/). Ann Neurol 2007
Thesaurus control—The selection, grouping, and cross‐referencing of terms for inclusion in a coordinate index word list
Authors: Mandersloot Wim G. B. , Douglas Eleanor M. B. , Spicer Neville 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe selection, grouping and cross‐referencing of the (usually single‐word) terms are based on:
A systematic approach to indexing in depth, based on earlier work and resulting in reasonably consistent indexing.
An analytical approach to word forms in which the following categories are distinguished: ACTION forms; MEANS‐material, MEANS‐ma‐chine, and MEANS‐man forms; STATES; VARIABLES; and LATENT PROPERTIES. For each word, those forms included in a certain category are represented by a single code. The category‐switching caused by prepositions must be taken into account.
Criteria for term‐splitting with limited semantic factoring. Occasionally, semantic integration is used.
Criteria for dealing with antonyms, which are classified as reciprocals, complements, unequivalent opposites, diametrical opposites, and reversals.
Introduction of conditional cross‐referencing.
Recognition of multiword synonyms as the major difficulty in coordinate indexing.
Evolution & development of a versatile machine‐based information system
Authors: Srivastava R. K. , Garudadwajan B. , Sinha P. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe information system discussed in this paper is designed around punched cards and an electric sorter for information retrieval. The mechanism of “aerial and land surveys” is described as applicable to the field of petroleum refining and conversion processes culminating in an extensive and controlled term file in the field. The principles of the survey are general and are applicable to any other technology. The problems faced in the choice of code, ultimately leading to the binary code, and the card design that can work to give a six‐deep subject analytic are explained. The technique of assigning the roles of AICHE to the 10 corresponding “zones” of the card, are explained, and a practical example is given illustrating it and showing how the key words are accommodated in these role‐zones with a flexibility of approach to the same information through multiple search routes. The technique of “superimposition” of keywords in the same card as a powerful device to solve the problem of matching concept components is explained, thereby securing storage economy, simplicity of search strategy and speed of operation to deliver the goods. The article also envisages the prospect of SDI activities independent of computer hardware, showing the potential of the system under delineation to combine organizations of related technologies into a network of information centers with considerable uniformity of processing software.
How many cards per file guide? optimizing the two‐level file
Authors: Lipetz Ben‐Ami , Song Czetong T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA determination is made of the optimum ratio of records to file guides to minimize searching time in an ordered two‐level file such as a library card catalog. The solution is proportional to the square root of the number of records in the file container (card drawer). When scanning rates for cards and for file guides are equal, the solution is exactly the square root of file size. Simplifying assumptions employed in this determination are discussed. It is asserted that most library card catalogs contain far fewer file guides than would be justified in order to minimize searching time for users.
Measures of the usefulness of written technical information to chemical researchers
Authors: Kegan Daniel L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effective transfer of technology involves more than just distributing paper; it demands that useful documents be disseminated with a minimum of useless ones. For 1 month, 10 researchers recorded a sample of the written technical information items that they received; 4 months later they were interviewed to determine which of these items had proved useful, and in what ways.The results indicate that (1) a researcher will call an item “useful” even if it does not cause him to take some action, but only has some significance for him; (2) the more the source of an item knows about the needs of the researcher or the more the researcher knows about an item he seeks, the more likely it is that the researcher will find the item useful; (3) no strong relationships were found between certain readily observable, physical arrangements and information behavior; and (4) an item may prove useful, not because of the information objectively contained in that item, but because the item causes a cognitive restructuring of the researcher's mind or a “free association.”Other studies that restrict their measures of information usefulness to externally observable behavior or that do not carefully define usefulness may not be validly representing usefulness to the researcher.
A solution to the ASIS file management exercise using RCA's UL/1
Authors: Olle T. William , Gagnoud Andre M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper starts with an overview of the way the ASIS file management exercise was approached using three of the divisions of UL/1. These were establishment, update, and interrogation in that order. After the 65‐record file was established via a necessary data conversion, it was updated in one run. Finally, three of the four required listings and all queries were handled in one run of the interrogation division. Examples are included of how updates, listings, and queries are specified in UL/1. The conclusion discusses shortcomings in UL/1 which the exercise revealed and mentions UL/1 capability not called for in the exercise.
Obsolescence of special library periodicals: Sampling errors and utility contours
Authors: Brookes B. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractProblems arising in the measurement of the rates of obsolescence of the sets of periodicals taken by special libraries are discussed. The relatively large errors that arise in sampling the negative exponential distribution are analyzed because they may account for some of the discrepancies reported and because they indicate the need for firmer statistical control of work on obsolescence than has yet been generally appreciated.When the rate of decline has been satisfactorily established there still remains the problem of deciding how to apply it. Issues of those periodicals that contribute most productively should be retained for a longer period than those of periodicals that contribute less. To solve this problem the concept of “utility contours” is introduced and exemplified in the design of a p % library.It is argued that no discarding policy is likely to be generally applicable: every special library must be regarded as a special case. Rather than suggest new measurements, therefore, the paper offers simple graphical techniques that are applicable to any special case.
Enhancing quality of teaching by direct care staff through performance feedback on the job
Authors: Fleming Richard K. , Sulzer‐Azaroff Beth 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPerformance feedback was used on the job as the primary procedure to train four direct‐care staff at a large state residential facility to administer a comprehensive set of teaching behaviors while they taught self‐care skills to developmentally delayed residents. All trainees improved their teaching when provided feedback on the job, but maintained their skills to a lesser extent after a two month follow‐up assessment. Residents made modest progress toward independence. Implications for designing methods to promote acquisition and maintenance of staff teaching skills and to provide more effective learning experiences for residents are discussed.
The impact of environmental noise on mealtime social interactions in a residential facility for persons with mental retardation
Authors: Spreat Scott , Lamina Joseph , Jefferys Jeri , Axelrod Saul , Murphy Betty Jo , McGuffin Patrick 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFour levels of environmental noise were experimentally manipulated during lunch and dinner in a residential living unit for 10 behaviorally disordered persons with mental retardation. During the highest noise conditions, there appeared to be some suppression of social interaction between these people, while interaction rates were uniformly higher during softer noise conditions. This effect was evident at both lunch and dinner. Staff members were less affected by the fluctuation in noise levels, although lunchtime staff engaged in more interactions with clients when both the radio and TV were played softly.