bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of antigen‐induced hyperresponsiveness in horses with allergic respiratory disease and possible links with early airway obstruction
Authors: FAIRBAIRN S. M. , LEES P. , PAGE C. P. , CUNNINGHAM F. M. 
Published: April 2008

Fairbairn, S.M., Lees, P., Page, C.P., Cunningham, F.M. Duration of antigen‐induced hyperresponsiveness in horses with allergic respiratory disease and possible links with early airway obstruction. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 16, 469–476.Antigen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic horses has previously been demonstrated when clinical signs of acute airway obstruction were apparent, as a consequence of exposure of animals to hay and straw for variable periods of time, and repeat measurements of hyperresponsiveness have been made no earlier than 1 week after challenge. In the present study airway responsiveness to methacholine has been measured in normal horses and allergic horses in clinical remission before and 24, 48 and 72 h after a hay and straw challenge of fixed, short, duration (7 h). Correlations between early increases in interpleural pressure and hyperresponsiveness have also been investigated. As in other studies, the mean airway responsiveness of groups of normal and allergic horses in clinical remission was not significantly different. The responsiveness to methacholine of allergic, but not normal, horses was increased after antigen challenge and was significantly greater than that of normal horses at 48 and 72 h after challenge (log PD8 cm: ‐0.77 ± 0.28 vs. 0.27 ± 0.14 at 48 h and ‐0.6 ± 0.25 vs. 044 ± 01 at 72 h; P < 0.05). There was also a significant correlation between interpleural presssure at the end of the 7‐h challenge in allergic horses and the increase in responsiveness to methacholine at 24, 48 and 72 h. These results demonstrate that antigen induces an increase in airway responsiveness in allergic horses that persists for up to 3 days and which may be linked to the initial increase in interpleural pressure.
A comparison of the efficacy of danofloxacin and tylosin in the control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broiler chicks
Authors: JORDAN F. T. W. , HORROCKS B. K. , JONES S. K. , COOPER A. C. , GILES C. J. 
Published: April 2008

Groups of chicks were infected with a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and treated with either danofloxacin or tylosin while one infected group was left untreated and a further group was uninfected and untreated. Control ofclinical signs and mortality was better with danofloxacin than tylosin and therewas significantly (P <0.05)greater weight gain with danofloxacin at 21 daysafter infection. However ht necropsy the prevalence of lesions of the airsac wallswas similar in both groups. MG was recovered from fewer live chicks for the firstweek following treatment with danofloxacin, but at 2 weeks and at necropsy, atthe termination of the experiment, it was recovered from a similar proportion ofbirds in both treated groups. This was reflected also in the serological results atthe end of the trial.
Pharmacokinetic and toxicological aspects of the medication of beef‐type calves with an oral formulation of chloramphenicol palmitate
Authors: GASSNER B. , WUETHRICH A. 
Published: April 2008

Gassner, B., Wuethrich, A. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological aspects of the medication of beef‐type calves with an oral formulation of chloramphenicolpalmitate.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 17, 279–283.Chloramphenicol (CAP) plasma levels were determined after oral administration of four doses of CAP palmitate (each dose corresponding to CAP 25 mg/kg/12 h) to four ruminating beef‐type calves. Steady‐state plasma concentrations of CAP were reached after the fourth oral dose and varied between 5 and 6 μg/ml. Half‐life of elimination of CAP was 4.5 h. In addition to CAP, dehdrochloramphenicol (DH‐CAP), a metabolite of chloramphenicol, was detected in plasma at concentrations between 3 and 7 ng/ml. DH‐CAP is known to be produced from CAP by intestinal bacteria. This is significant since DH‐CAP is suspected of being involved in the development of fatal aplastic anaemia, which occurs in man after exposure to CAP. Thus, it cannot be excluded that DH‐CAP residues may occur in edible tissues. A risk arising from DH‐CAP can neither be excluded for the animals being treated with CAP nor for consumers.
Pharmacokinetic behaviour of fenbendazole in buffalo and cattle
Authors: SANYAL P. K. 
Published: April 2008

Sanyal, P.K. Pharmacokinetic behaviour of fenbendazole in buffalo and cattle. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 17, 1–4.Concentrations of fenbendazole and of drug metabolites in plasma were measured in buffalo and cross‐bred cattle after single intraruminal administration at two different doses. Plasma concentrations of the parent compound fenbendazole and the two metabolites, viz. oxfendazole and fenbendazole sulfone, were much lower in buffalo compared with cattle, at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight as indicated by lower area under concentration curve and concentration maximum. At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight there were corresponding increases in plasma metabolite concentrations in cattle. However, buffaloes did not show a similar corresponding increase.
A field evaluation of the efficacy of tolfenamic acid and oxytetracycline in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease
Authors: DELEFORGE J. , THOMAS E. , DAVOT J. L. , BOISRAME B. 
Published: April 2008

Deleforge, J., Thomas, E., Davot, J.L., Boisrame, B. A field evaluation of the efficacy of tolfenamic acid and oxytetracycline in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease. J. vet. Pharmacol Therap. 17,43–47.In ablinded multicentre trial 313 cattle showing clinical signs of respiratory disease were allocated randomly into three groups, treated intramuscularly with a long‐acting oxytetracycline formulation at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg bodyweight in combination with vehicle alone (placebo) or with tolfenamic acid at 2mg/kg, bodyweight once or on two occasions with a 48‐h interdosing interval. The clinical status of the animals was monitored for 5 days using a specific scoring system and weight gain was calculated between day 0 and day 21. Relapses were monitored from day 5 until day 21. When oxytetracycline was combined with two injections of tolfenamic acid, there was a significant (P < 0.04) improvement in the clinical resolution. This regimen also produced non‐significant improvements in cure rate, reduced frequency of relapses and improved weight gain.
Vitamin supplement use among children with Down's syndrome and risk of leukaemia: a Children's Oncology Group (COG) study
Authors: Blair Cindy K. , Roesler Michelle , Xie Yang , Gamis Alan S. , Olshan Andrew F. , Heerema Nyla A. , Robison Leslie L. , Ross Julie A. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryVitamin supplements have been proposed for children with Down's syndrome (DS) with claims of improving cognitive abilities, or immune or thyroid function. Several studies have shown decreased levels of zinc in this population. Because children with DS have a 50‐fold increased risk of developing acute leukaemia during the first 5 years of life, we explored the relation between child vitamin and herbal supplement use and the risk of leukaemia in a case‐control study. During the period 1997–2002, we enrolled 158 children with DS aged 0–18 years that were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (n = 97) or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (n = 61) at participating Children's Oncology Group institutions. We enrolled 173 DS children without leukaemia (controls), selected from the cases' primary care clinic and frequency‐matched on age. Data were collected via telephone interviews with mothers of the index child regarding use of multivitamins, zinc, vitamin C, iron and herbal supplements, including age at first use, frequency and duration.Among controls, 57% reported regular multivitamin use (≥3 times/week for ≥3 months) compared with 48% of ALL cases and 61% of AML cases. We found no evidence of an association between children's regular multivitamin use and ALL or AML (adjusted odds ratios [OR] = 0.94 [95% CI 0.52, 1.70] and 1.90 [0.73, 4.91] respectively). There was a suggestion of an increased risk for AML associated with regular multivitamin use during the first year of life or for an extended duration (ORs = 2.38 [0.94, 5.76] and 2.59 [1.02, 6.59] respectively). Despite being the largest study of DS‐leukaemia, our sample size was small, resulting in imprecise effect estimates. Future research should include larger sample sizes as well as a full assessment of diet including vitamin supplementation to adequately examine the relation between nutritional status and childhood leukaemia.
Correspondence between Helicobacter pylori antibodies and urea breath test results in a US – Mexico birth cohort
Authors: Nurgalieva Zhannat , Goodman Karen J. , Phillips Carl V. , Fischbach Lori , De La Rosa J. Manuel , Gold Benjamin D. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe uncertain accuracy of methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection in young children complicates research on this infection in early life. The aim of the present report was to describe the correspondence between positive serology and positive urea breath test (UBT) in children followed from age 0 to 24 months in the Pasitos Cohort Study, conducted along the US–Mexico border at El Paso and Juarez. Children were recruited before birth during 1998–2000 and examined at target ages of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. H. pylori infection was detected using an enzyme immunoassay for serum immunoglobulin G antibodies and the 13C‐urea breath test corrected for age‐dependent variation in CO2 production.Of 472 children, 125 had one or more positive UBT results and 46 had one or more positive serology results. The prevalence of H. pylori infection at target ages of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months was 7%, 14%, 16% and 19%, respectively, by UBT and 8%, 2%, 3% and 3%, respectively, by serology. Few (<1%) of those tested on both tests were positive on both at any age. Among UBT‐positive children, 6% were concurrently seropositive and 6% became seropositive later. Because UBT positivity cut points were selected to minimise false positives, these results suggest that H. pylori infection occurred frequently in this cohort, but rarely produced detectable antibodies. For clinical or epidemiological investigations, serology should not be used as the sole method for detecting H. pylori infection in children aged 2 years or less.
Preanalytical conditions for broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility of Microsporum spp.
Authors: Corrêa Biancalana Fernanda Simas , Telles Paula Fernanda Gomes , Lyra Luzia , Schreiber Angélica Zaninelli 
Published: April 2008

SummaryDermatophytoses caused by the genus Microsporum require a long‐duration therapy compared to infections caused by other genera. Treatment of these cutaneous infections includes topical and systemic antifungal agents. Tinea capitis and tinea unguium caused by M. canis and M. gypseum are the most difficult‐to‐treat dermatophytoses. There are few specific studies about corresponding antifungal susceptibility in vitro. Recently, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute proposed the M38A document as standard to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of several antifungal agents against conidium‐forming filamentous fungi; however, dermatophytes were not included in this document. This study aimed to contribute to continuing investigations concerning the optimal antifungal susceptibility testing conditions of Microsporum spp. to terbinafine, ciclopiroxolamine and griseofulvin. The results pointed out potato dextrose agar as the best culture medium for inducing conidia sporulation, inoculum density amounting to 1 × 103 conidia ml−1, containing only microconidia, with an incubation time of 7 days at 28 °C and 100% growth inhibition serving as an endpoint. The minimum fungicidal concentration values were in accordance with the MICs values, showing a fungicidal activity of these drugs towards the tested strains. According to our results, in general, terbinafine was more active than griseofulvin and ciclopiroxolamine.
Widespread, chronic, and fluconazole‐resistant Trichophyton rubrum infection in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Balci Didem Didar , Cetin Meryem 
Published: April 2008

SummaryChronic, widespread and invasive cutaneous dermatophytoses due to Trichopyhton rubrum are common in immunocompromised patients. In immunocompetent individuals, however, chronic widespread dermatophytoses are more often associated with onychomycosis and tinea pedis. We describe a 54‐year‐old immunocompetent female who presented with a 2‐year history of extensive erythematous and hyper‐pigmented scaly plaques involving the abdominal, gluteal and crural regions without concomitant tinea pedis, tinea manus or onychomycosis. The diagnosis was made by mycological examination including culture. The pathogen identified was T. rubrum. The patient had a history of resistance to systemic fluconazole and topical ketoconazole. After an 8‐week therapy period with systemic itraconazole and sertaconazole nitrate cream, a near‐complete clearing of all lesions was observed. Trichophyton rubrum may thus present atypical aspects in immmunocompetent patients.
Prevalence of sicca symptoms in a South Australian cohort with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Swaminathan S. , Goldblatt F. , Dugar M. , Gordon T. P. , Roberts‐Thomson P. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground:  The presence of sicca symptoms is a frequent finding in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of sicca symptoms in a South Australian cohort of SSc patients and correlate this to a number of parameters, including autoantibody status, use of anticholinergic medication, age and the presence of functional anti‐muscarinic‐3 receptor (M3R)‐blocking antibodies.Methods:  A screening questionnaire was sent out to all patients on the South Australian Scleroderma Register from the years 1998–2006 to determine the prevalence of sicca symptoms. A subset of patients on the register had ocular sicca symptoms tested by use of Schirmer’s strips to validate the accuracy of the questionnaire. Eight patients were tested for anti‐M3R‐blocking antibodies using a functional physiological assay.Results:  One hundred and ninety‐three SSc patients took part in this study. Sicca symptoms were present in 59% of patients with the limited form of SSc, compared with 49% of patients with the diffuse form and 40% of patients with the overlap syndrome. The use of anticholinergic medication or thyroxine was associated with higher sicca scores in SSc patients. SS‐A and SS‐B autoantibodies (seen in Sjögren’s syndrome) were detected in eight patients in this study. The detection of anti‐M3R‐blocking antibodies correlated well to presence of sicca.Conclusion:  This study confirmed that sicca symptoms are found in a high proportion of patients with SSc, especially those with the limited variant. Further testing of larger numbers of SSc patients with sicca for anti‐M3R‐blocking antibodies will be needed before more definitive conclusions can be drawn. Physicians should be made aware that sicca symptoms are a frequent cause of morbidity for SSc patients*.
Evaluation of cryoprobe deployment precision with body surface and in situ templates
Authors: Maxwell Keegan L. , Phillips Courtney , Belani Jay S. , Yan Yan , Landman Jaime 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the precision of cryoprobe targeting with a surface template, an in situ template (on the target organ), or a combined approach.MATERIALS AND METHODSFourteen participants placed five 17 G cryoprobes into porcine kidneys in a laparoscopic trainer using a surface template (group 1), an in situ template (group 2) or a combination of the two templates (group 3). The distance from the ideal probe placement was measured both on the anterior and posterior aspect of the kidney. The sequence of attempts was randomized. The distances were compared across the three groups using anova with the adjustment for multiple comparisons.RESULTSThe mean distance from the ideal probe placement was 1.58 cm (anterior) and 1.81 cm (posterior) in group 1, 0.05 cm and 0.39 cm in group 2, and 0.07 cm and 0.22 cm in group 3, respectively. The placement of the probes was significantly more accurate in groups 2 (P < 0.001 anteriorly and P < 0.002 posteriorly) and 3 (P = 0.001 anteriorly and P < 0.001 posteriorly) compared with group 1. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3.CONCLUSIONIn this in vitro model, the use of internal or combined internal and external templates allows for significantly more precise deployment of 17‐G cryoprobes than a standard external template alone.
When Do Employees Leave Their Job for Entrepreneurship?*
Authors: Hyytinen Ari , Maliranta Mika 
Published: April 2008

AbstractExisting firms are argued to be an important source of new entrepreneurs. Yet, relatively little is known about the characteristics of firms that breed new entrepreneurs. We use a large linked employee–employer dataset to trace and characterize the types of firms which generate new entrepreneurs in Finland. We find that such transitions are rare and that smaller firms spawn new entrepreneurs more frequently than larger firms. We also find that firms' R&D intensity and, to a lesser extent, their productivity are negatively related to the probability that employees transit into entrepreneurship. These results are robust to controlling for a number of employee and employer attributes.
Age‐related Optimal Income Taxation*
Authors: Blomquist Sören , Micheletto Luca 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn most countries, average income varies with age. In this paper we investigate if and how it is possible to enhance the redistributive mechanism by relating tax payments to age. Using an OLG model where some individuals are low skilled all their life while others are low skilled when young but high skilled when old, we first show how an age dependent optimal income tax can Pareto improve upon an age independent income tax. We then characterize the optimal age dependent income tax. A tax on interest income is part of the optimal tax structure.
A Transactional Model of Temperamental Development: Evidence of a Relationship between Child Temperament and Maternal Stress over Five Years
Authors: Pesonen Anu‐Katriina , Räikkönen Katri , Heinonen Kati , Komsi Niina , Järvenpää Anna‐Liisa , Strandberg Timo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough there is growing consensus that parental stress is a risk factor in child development, longitudinal studies of its effects are few. This study tested a sample of 231 mother–child dyads in terms of whether the relations between the global experience of stress in mothers (perceived stress scale) and child temperamental characteristics (infant behavior questionnaire and child behavior questionnaire) could be conceptualized through transactional models of development. The assumption was that higher negative emotionality and lower positive affectivity in the infants would contribute to an increase in maternal stress over a five‐year period, beginning in infancy, and that higher maternal stress would contribute to an increase in child negative affectivity and a decrease in positive affectivity and self‐regulation over the same period. Evidence was found for both hypotheses, but not within the same models: the effect of maternal stress on child temperamental development was greater. The results are discussed with reference to bidirectional models of temperamental development.
Construct Validation of the Social Competence Scale in Preschool‐age Children
Authors: Gouley Kathleen Kiely , Brotman Laurie Miller , Huang Keng‐Yen , Shrout Patrick E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study evaluated the utility of the social competence scale (SCS)‐parent version, a measure of social competence developed for children of elementary school age, for use with preschool‐age children. Data were derived from two samples of preschoolers: a community sample assessed at enrollment to pre‐kindergarten programs and a high‐risk sample of children at familial risk for conduct problems participating in a preventive intervention trial. Using data from both samples, we assessed the factor structure, internal consistency, and stability of the SCS, and whether the SCS discriminated the high‐risk sample from the community sample. Results support the utility and construct validity of the SCS for use in preschoolers. The total SCS scale was relatively stable over 24 months during the preschool period and was correlated with other measures of social competence, parent ratings of emotion regulation, lability and behavior problems, and tests of child cognitive ability.
Pilot study of response inhibition and error processing in the posterior medial prefrontal cortex in healthy youth
Authors: Fitzgerald Kate Dimond , Zbrozek Christopher D. , Welsh Robert C. , Britton Jennifer C. , Liberzon Israel , Taylor Stephan F. 
Published: April 2008

Background:  Recent neuroimaging work suggests that inhibitory and error processing in healthy adults share overlapping, but functionally distinct neural circuitries within the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC); however, it remains unknown whether the pMFC is differentially engaged by response inhibition compared to error commission in the developing brain. Developmental neuroimaging studies of response inhibition have found pMFC activation, but the possible contribution of error‐related activation during inhibitory processing has not been well studied in youth.Method:  To examine the processing of correct response inhibition compared to errors in the developing brain, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 11 healthy subjects, ages 8–14 years, during an antisaccade task while performance was monitored.Results:  Successful antisaccades activated the pre‐supplementary motor area. In contrast, errors on the antisaccade task activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.Conclusion:  The findings suggest the functional sub‐specialization of inhibitory and error processing within the pMFC in this pilot sample of children and adolescents. Future neuroimaging studies of developing inhibitory control should examine both between correct and error trials.
Prospective evaluation of a transfusion policy of D+ red blood cells into D− patients
Authors: Gonzalez‐Porras Jose R. , Graciani Ignacio F. , Perez‐Simon Jose A. , Martin‐Sanchez Jesus , Encinas Cristina , Conde Maria P. , Nieto Maria J. , Corral Mercedes 
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND: Although D− patients should receive red blood cells (RBCs) from D− donors, the scarcity of D− blood components in certain situations makes the transfusion of D+ RBCs unavoidable. Therefore it is recommended that guidelines be developed in order to standardize transfusion policy in these scenarios.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We have prospectively evaluated a policy for the use of D+ RBCs in 905 D− patients. The amount of D− RBCs saved as well as the incidence of hemolytic reactions and anti‐D alloimmunization were assessed.RESULTS: 554 patients received D− RBCs while 351 received a total of 1032 D+ RBCs, all of them within our criteria for the acceptable use of D+ RBCs. This strategy allowed us to save 25.6 percent of D− RBCs (1032 out of 4024 RBCs requested). No hemolytic reactions were reported. The incidence of alloimmunization was 21.4 percent. Most patients who developed anti‐D did so within the first 2 or 4 RBCs transfused (64% after the first 2 RBCs transfused and 88% after the first 4). In multivariate analysis the age of less than 77 years was the only predictor for alloimmuization (HR = 2.48 [95% CI = 1.21‐3.81]; p = 0.014).CONCLUSION: The use of D+ RBCs in selected D− patients does not induce adverse reactions and allows the saving of a significant number of D− RBCs.