bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Stability of the Cross‐Section of Expected Stock Returns in the Cross‐Section: Understanding the Curious Role of Share Turnover
Authors: Subrahmanyam Avanidhar 
Published: November 2005

Abstract In this paper, we shed further light on cross‐sectional predictors of stock return performance. Specifically, we explore whether the cross‐section of expected stock returns is robust within stock groups sorted by past monthly return. We find that the book/market and momentum effects are remarkably robust to sorting on past returns. However, share turnover is negatively related to future returns for stocks with abnormally low stock price performance in the recent past, but postively related to returns for well‐performing stocks. This casts doubt on the use of turnover as a liquidity proxy, but is consistent with turnover being a proxy for momentum trading which pushes prices in the direction of past price movements. Our results are robust to both NYSE/AMEX and Nasdaq stocks, and also robust to stratifying the sample by time period.
Simultaneous cytokine analysis by cytometric bead array for the detection of leukaemia‐reactive T cells in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Westermann Jörg , van Lessen Antje , Schlimper Claudia , Baskaynak Gökben , Coutre Philipp le , Dörken Bernd , Pezzutto Antonio 
Published: November 2005

SummaryIn order to detect T cells against several chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)‐associated antigens we used: (i) a novel T‐cell assay [cytometric bead array (CBA)]; (ii) γ‐interferon enzyme‐linked immunoSPOT (γ‐IFN‐ELISpot); and (iii) tetramer staining in peripheral blood from CML patients. Peptide‐specific cytokine release was detected by CBA in some patients, whereas standard γ‐IFN‐ELISpot and tetramer staining were negative in the vast majority of cases. In CBA, peptide‐specific cytokine release was predominantly tumour necrosis factor‐α, raising questions about the responding cells and their functional status. CBA appears to be a new useful tool for the detection of leukaemia‐reactive T cells.
Virulence and Host–pathogen Interaction of Botryodiplodia theobromae Isolates of Cassava Root Rot Disease
Authors: Onyeka T. J. , Ekpo E. J. A. , Dixon A. G. O. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPathogenic variation of Botryodiplodia theobromae, the cause of cassava root rot disease in Nigeria, was evaluated with 84 isolates from three different ecological zones and four genetically diverse cassava genotypes using root slice inoculation assay. Significant variation was observed for the aggressiveness of isolates, resistance of cassava genotypes and isolate–genotype interactions for percentage diseased area. The isolate effect accounted for 32.13% of total variation, 38.60% was due to genotype effect and 29.16% due to isolate–genotype interactions. The virulence distribution of the pathogen isolates on each of the cassava genotypes showed that 11.36% of the isolates were highly virulent on 30572, 27.27% on 91/02324, 67.05% on TME‐1 and 90.91% on 92/0057. Biplot and joint regression analysis confirmed that the isolates varied significantly in their aggressiveness, and there was a quantitative differential interaction between B. theobromae isolates and cassava genotypes for percentage diseased area of inoculated root slice. However, there was relative consistency in the virulence classification of the isolates on resistant and susceptible controls.
Development of Greenhouse Inoculation Procedures for Evaluation of Partial Resistance to Cercospora zeae‐maydis in Maize Inbreds
Authors: Asea G. , Lipps P. E. , Pratt R. C. , Gordon S. G. , Adipala E. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGreenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of inoculation methods on incubation period, lesion length, percentage leaf area affected and sporulation of Cercospora zeae‐maydis on young maize (Zea mays L.) plants inoculated at V3 growth stage. Seedling plants were inoculated by four methods: (i) application of conidial suspension while puncturing the leaves within the whorl several times, (ii) spraying conidial suspension on leaves, (iii) placing colonized agar into lateral slits in leaves and (iv) placing colonized agar into whorls. Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of genotype and inoculation method on several components of resistance and overall disease severity. Application of conidial suspension while puncturing the whorl was found to be the least laborious method, and it produced characteristic symptoms of gray leaf spot. Consistent trends were observed in classification of inbreds to resistant, susceptible and intermediate classes. Increasing the duration of exposure to high humidity by placing plastic bags over plants for 5 days significantly increased disease severity (P ≤ 0.001). Cercospora zeae‐maydis produced conidia in all the lesions examined. Spore production was generally most abundant in lesions on susceptible inbreds that displayed necrotic lesion types (LT) and least abundant in lesions on resistant inbreds that were characterized by chlorotic and fleck LTs. The results demonstrated that inoculations in the greenhouse can provide an indication of inbred responses to C. zeae‐maydis and may be useful in evaluating resistance and in studies of host–pathogen interactions.
Phytoplasma Association with Gerbera Phyllody in Australia
Authors: Siddique A. B. M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) plants with phyllody symptoms (green flower) were observed in Central Queensland, Australia. Leaves and flowers from both symptomatic and asymptomatic healthy plants were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of pleomorphic bodies similar to phytoplasma was observed exclusively in diseased plants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with phytoplasma‐specific primers confirmed the presence of phytoplasma DNA in the infected plants. Further DNA sequencing analysis of the PCR product revealed high homology with other phytoplasma DNA in the database. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA the gerbera phyllody phytoplasma was grouped under Peanut witches’ broom as described by Lee et al. (1998). The results of TEM, PCR and sequencing analysis clearly indicate phytoplasmal association with phyllody disease of gerbera.
Induction of Chlamydospores in Trichoderma harzianum and Gliocladium roseum by Antifungal Compounds Produced by Bacillus subtilis C2
Authors: Li L. , Qu Q. , Tian B. , Zhang K. Q. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractOne bacterial strain was isolated from a Panax notoginseng field and identified as Bacillus subtilis C2 by its physiological and biochemical characteristics. The culture filtrate of the bacterium showed strong antifungal activity against Trichoderma harzianum and Gliocladium roseum. The antifungal compound termed 10M was purified from the culture filtrates of B. subtilis C2 through organic solvent extraction, silica gel H and Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography. Chlamydospores were formed either inside the conidia or from hyphae, when the conidia of T. harzianum and G. roseum were cultured on the surface of the potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing relatively low concentrations of 10M for 48 h. While they were cultured on the surface of PDA containing relatively high concentrations of 10M for 48 h the cells were swollen and then lysed. The 10M had high similarity to iturin A as showed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. This is the first report that antifungal compounds produced by B. subtilis can induce chlamydospore formation in biocontrol fungi at relatively low concentrations.
Molecular Characterization of Alternanthera yellow vein virus: a new Begomovirus Species Infecting Alternanthera philoxeroides
Authors: Guo X. , Zhou X. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA virus isolate designated Hn51 was obtained in 2004 from Alternanthera philoxeroides with yellow vein symptoms in Danzhou, Hainan Province, China. A specific 500 bp product was consistently detected in total DNA extracts, amplified with universal primers for members of the genus Begomovirus. The complete nucleotide sequence of the Hn51 DNA‐A like molecule was determined to be 2745 nucleotides and most closely related to that of Ageratum yellow vein virus (65.2% sequence identity). The molecular data show that the isolate Hn51 is a new Begomovirus species, for which the name Alternanthera yellow vein virus is proposed. This is the first report of a begomovirus infecting an aquatic plant (the GenBank accession number of the sequence reported in this study is AM050736).
Occurrence of Puccinia helianthi Races on Sunflower in Mozambique
Authors: Zazzerini A. , Tosi L. , Mondjana A. M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSunflower rust, caused by Puccinia helianthi, is common and widespread in Mozambique. Investigations conducted during 1996–1997 to gather information on the incidence and severity of rust infections in southern Mozambique indicated that race 4 (or 700) was the predominant race in the rust population. Further surveys in 2002 revealed an increase in rust infection and the occurrence of a new race (314) identified using the new triplet coding system. Rust isolates collected in 2003 and 2004 were identified as race 314, the predominant race, whereas in 2003 only the new race 315 was recovered.
Application of Talc Formulations of Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex S.F. Gray Decrease the Sheath Blight Disease and Enhance the Plant Growth and Yield in Rice
Authors: Mathivanan N. , Prabavathy V. R. , Vijayanandraj V. R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe effect of talc formulations of Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex S.F. Gray applications either alone or in combination on crop growth, sheath blight disease and grain yield in rice was investigated in three different field experiments. Increased root and shoot lengths, dry weight and plant height were recorded following treatment of plants with P. fluorescens and T. viride either alone or in combination when compared with control. Application of P. fluorescens and T. viride resulted in a significant reduction of sheath blight incidence caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and was comparable to the treatment with a systemic fungicide, Carbendazim. The number of productive tillers, grains per panicle and grain test weight were also significantly increased in the treated plots with commensurate increase in grain and straw yields when compared with control. The promotion of plant growth and yield and suppression of sheath blight disease were marginally improved following combined application of P. fluorescens and T. viride. Although the combined application of both biocontrol agents did not lead to statistically significant additive effects in reducing the sheath blight and increasing grain yield when compared with their individual applications, no negative effect was recorded in this combined application treatment. Hence, the talc formulations of biocontrol agents either alone or in combination can be recommended as one of the crop protection strategies for the management of sheath blight of rice.
Using Real‐time PCR to Discriminate and Quantify the Closely Related Wheat Pathogens Oculimacula yallundae and Oculimacula acuformis
Authors: Walsh K. , Korimbocus J. , Boonham N. , Jennings P. , Hims M. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis are the causal agents of eyespot disease of wheat and other cereals. The two fungi react differently to the application of fungicides, but they cannot be distinguished visually and their occurrence is often masked by other less damaging pathogens. Current methods to detect and distinguish Oculimacula species are impractical when testing large numbers of samples. A real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, suitable for large‐scale testing, was developed and used for quantitative detection and discrimination of O. yallundae and O. acuformis. As the available DNA sequences differ by only a small number of conserved nucleotide polymorphisms, three different methods were investigated to achieve the desired specificity. A combination of mutagenically separated PCR and a shortened primer gave the best specificity for O. yallundae and O. acuformis, respectively. Although the comparison illustrated the practicalities of each method, it was not possible to devise a fixed set of rules for the design of primers to discriminate two closely related sequences; it is assumed that sequence context is an overriding and difficult to predict factor, and that a range of empirical approaches may need to be taken to reach the specificity required.
A Factor Endowment Theory of Endogenous Growth and International Trade
Authors: Hu Yunfang , Kemp Murray C. , Shimomura Koji 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model of multi‐country, two‐good and two‐factor, in which both long‐run growth and international trade patterns are examined. In each country, government expenditure on a public intermediate good plays a crucial role in the realization of persistent growth. It is shown that the long‐run pattern of international trade is determined in a Heckscher‐Ohlin manner.
Health Infrastructure, Demographic Transition and Growth
Authors: Hashimoto Ken‐ichi , Tabata Ken 
Published: November 2005

AbstractEmpirical studies show that the fertility rate (mortality rate) exhibits an inverted u‐shaped dynamic in some countries, while it decreases monotonically in other countries. This paper formulates the concept of public health infrastructure and constructs a growth model that replicates various historically observed patterns of fertility and mortality rates.
FROM A CENTRED TO A DECENTRED TROPICALITY: FRANCOPHONE COLONIAL AND POSTCOLONIAL GEOGRAPHY IN MONSOON ASIA
Authors: Bruneau Michel 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses four key phases in the study of the tropical milieu of monsoon Asia by French geographers and colonial actors over the last 150 years. First, it sees how the natural milieu initially occupied a central and determining place in French colonial and scientific assessments of Indochina, and how the notion of monsoon Asia appeared within the framework of an academic geography (and formatively in the two regional theses produced by Charles Robequain and Pierre Gourou). It then shows how, after the Second World War, francophone geographers developed a “tropicalist” approach to monsoon Asia, one that was inextricably linked with the culturalist approach that was pioneered by Gourou, which later evolved into new, model‐building and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of tropical systems. It argues that these successive phases have marked a shift from a centred tropicality ‐ a system of knowledge anchored in French colonialism and centring on debate about the determinist influence of the natural milieu ‐ to a decentred tropicality that rejects environmental determinism, questions the ethnocentric character of tropical geography and integrates the study of tropical geography into the wider social sciences. The paper concludes with the suggestion that tropicality has had an epistemologically stronger and more institutionalised relationship with francophone geography than was the case in anglophone geography.
Chinese Immigrants in Canada: Their Changing Composition and Economic Performance1
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Lo Lucia 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTUsing landing records and tax data, this paper examines both the changing composition of the Chinese immigrants in Canada in the past two decades and their levels of economic performance. Our research found that, in addition to a shift in origin, economic immigrants have been on the rise and other classes of immigrants have declined. This has been accompanied by a significant increase in their educational qualifications and proficiency in a Canadian official language. Yet, despite their increased human capital, Chinese immigrants still experience very different economic outcomes in the Canadian labour market compared to members of the general population of Canada. For one thing, they have much lower employment and self‐employment income than the general population. Moreover, these earning differentials hold true for all age groups, both genders, and Chinese immigrants from all origins. While their levels of economic performance increases with length of residency in Canada, this study suggests that it would take more than 20 years for Chinese immigrants to close the earning gaps with the general population. Evidence also suggests that Canadian‐specific educational credentials are indeed worth more than those acquired in the immigrants' country of origin, and are much better remunerated by Canadian employers.
Christianity among Transnational Chinese: Religious versus (Sub)ethnic Affiliation
Authors: Nagata Judith 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTThe approximately 5 per cent of the diaspora Chinese who are Christian are faced with the question as to whether religious or sectarian affiliation takes priority over Chinese unity or sub‐Chinese identity. For many, the solution is to form (sub)ethnic congregations, and the issue is how far and how fast they (especially younger members) should “assimilate” linguistically and socially to Anglo‐Canadian or other local styles in the host country. One response is the formation of a pan‐Chinese transnational Christian organization, the Chinese Coordination Centre for World Evangelism (CCCOWE), whose mission attempts to unite Chinese of all subethnicities, reach Chinese in remote areas, control and manage existing congregations everywhere, and resist local assimilation. Although claiming to represent all Chinese, in fact, CCCOWE began as a Cantonese‐medium movement in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (hereinafter Hong Kong), but is now coming to terms with Chinese Christians from other parts of Asia, as well as with the inevitable localization/anglicization of congregations. Some churches refuse to associate with CCCOWE for dislike of Hong Kong, others due to preference for their own language (Indonesian), or birth place (Malaysia/Singapore). Thus, in some cases, subethnicity is subordinated to religious (Christian) identity across the world, in others, to a pan‐Chinese religious membership, while for many, religion continues to follow subethnic lines, variously defined by language or birth place.
NCAM140 stimulates integrin‐dependent cell migration by ectodomain shedding
Authors: Diestel Simone , Hinkle C. Leann , Schmitz Brigitte , Maness Patricia F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays a key role in neural development, regeneration and synaptic plasticity. This study describes a novel function of NCAM140 in stimulating integrin‐dependent cell migration. Expression of NCAM140 in rat B35 neuroblastoma cells resulted in increased migration toward the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen IV, vitronectin, and laminin. NCAM‐potentiated cell migration toward fibronectin was dependent on β1 integrins and required extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. NCAM140 in B35 neuroblastoma cells was subject to ectodomain cleavage resulting in a 115 kDa soluble fragment released into the media and a 30 kDa cytoplasmic domain fragment remaining in the cell membrane. NCAM140 ectodomain cleavage was stimulated by the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate and inhibited by the broad spectrum metalloprotease inhibitor GM6001, characteristic of a metalloprotease. Moreover, treatment of NCAM140‐B35 cells with GM6001 reduced NCAM140‐stimulated cell migration toward fibronectin and increased cellular attachment to fibronectin to a small but significant extent. These results suggested that metalloprotease‐induced cleavage of NCAM140 from the membrane promotes integrin‐ and ERK1/2‐dependent cell migration to extracellular matrix proteins.
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) inhibition increases the inflammatory response in the brain during systemic immune stimuli
Authors: Blais Véronique , Turrin Nicolas P. , Rivest Serge 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways are currently recommended for the prevention and treatment of several inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. However non‐selective blockade of COX was found to have pro‐inflammatory properties, because they have the ability to alter the plasma glucocorticoid levels that play a critical role in the control of the innate immune response. The present study investigated the role of non‐selective (ketorolac or indomethacin) or specific inhibitors of COX‐1 (SC‐560) and COX‐2 (NS‐398) in these effects. Mice challenged systemically with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited a robust hybridization signal for numerous inflammatory genes in vascular‐associated cells of the brain and microglia across the cerebral tissue. Ketorolac, indomethacin and NS‐398 significantly increased the ability of LPS to trigger such an innate immune response at time 3 h post challenge, whereas SC‐560 failed to change gene expression in the brain of animals treated with the endotoxin. These data together with the crucial role of COX‐2‐derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the increase of glucocorticoids during systemic immune stimuli provide evidence that inhibition of this pathway results in an exacerbated early innate immune reaction. This may have a major impact on the use of these drugs in diseases where inflammation is believed to be a contributing and detrimental factor.
The activation of 5‐HT2A receptors in prefrontal cortex enhances dopaminergic activity
Authors: Bortolozzi Analía , Díaz‐Mataix Llorenç , Scorza M. Cecilia , Celada Pau , Artigas Francesc 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAtypical antipsychotics show preferential 5‐HT2A versus dopamine (DA) D2 receptor affinity. At clinical doses, they fully occupy cortical 5‐HT2 receptors, which suggests a strong relationship with their therapeutic action. Half of the pyramidal neurones in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) express 5‐HT2A receptors. Also, neurones excited through 5‐HT2A receptors project to the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We therefore hypothesized that prefrontal 5‐HT2A receptors can modulate DA transmission through excitatory mPFC–VTA inputs. In this study we used single unit recordings to examine the responses of DA neurones to local (in the mPFC) and systemic administration of the 5‐HT2A/2C agonist 1‐[2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodophenyl‐2‐aminopropane] (DOI). Likewise, using microdialysis, we examined DA release in the mPFC and VTA (single/dual probe) in response to prefrontal and systemic drug administration. The local (in the mPFC) and systemic administration of DOI increased the firing rate and burst firing of DA neurones and DA release in the VTA and mPFC. The increase in VTA DA release was mimicked by the electrical stimulation of the mPFC. The effects of DOI were reversed by M100907 and ritanserin. These results indicate that the activity of VTA DA neurones is under the excitatory control of 5‐HT2A receptors in the mPFC. These observations may help in the understanding of the therapeutic action of atypical antipsychotics.