bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Feasibility of Deep Learning–Based Attenuation Correction Models for Tl-201 Myocardial Perfusion SPECT
Authors: Lim Sungjoo , Park Yong-Jin , Lee Su Jin , An Young-Sil , Yoon Joon-Kee 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
We aimed to develop deep learning (DL)–based attenuation correction models for Tl-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) images and evaluate their clinical feasibility.

Patients and Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease. We proposed a DL-based image-to-image translation technique to transform non–attenuation-corrected images into CT-based attenuation-corrected (CTAC) images. The model was trained using a modified U-Net with structural similarity index (SSIM) loss and mean squared error (MSE) loss and compared with other models. Segment-wise analysis using a polar map and visual assessment for the generated attenuation-corrected (GENAC) images were also performed to evaluate clinical feasibility.

Results
This study comprised 657 men and 328 women (age, 65 ± 11 years). Among the various models, the modified U-Net achieved the highest performance with an average mean absolute error of 0.003, an SSIM of 0.990, and a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 33.658. The performance of the model was not different between the stress and rest datasets. In the segment-wise analysis, the myocardial perfusion of the inferior wall was significantly higher in GENAC images than in the non–attenuation-corrected images in both the rest and stress test sets (P < 0.05). In the visual assessment of patients with diaphragmatic attenuation, scores of 4 (similar to CTAC images) or 5 (indistinguishable from CTAC images) were assigned to most GENAC images (65/68).

Conclusions
Our clinically feasible DL-based attenuation correction models can replace the CT-based method in Tl-201 MPS, and it would be useful in case SPECT/CT is unavailable for MPS.
Dual 177Lu–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen and 177Lu-DOTATATE Therapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Neuroendocrine Differentiation
Authors: Beyhan Ediz , Erol Fenercioğlu Özge , Şahin Rahime , Çermik Tevfik Fikret , Ergül Nurhan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present an 87-year-old man diagnosed with prostate cancer and neuroendocrine differentiation, posttherapy results to consecutive 177Lu–prostate-specific membrane antigen and 177Lu-DOTATATE. Despite hormonal therapy and chemoradiotherapy, the patient progressed rapidly, and multiple liver and bone metastases showed regression after 177Lu–prostate-specific membrane antigen and 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment. Prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation is resistant to treatments; however, treatment with the combination of 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy may be promising.
Rare Presentations of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Exposing Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Nature of an Otherwise Indolent Disease
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Malhotra Gaurav , Rao Ramesh D. , Sonavane Sunita , Agrawal Ritesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) usually manifests as an indolent cancer with good prognosis. However, rarely uncommon sites of metastatic involvement can worsen the prognosis and require aggressive therapeutic approach. Here in, we describe 5 patients (3 women and 2 men) harboring rare sites of metastatic involvement from DTC including the adrenals, colon, kidneys, urinary bladder, brachial plexus, and superior vena cava with contiguous right atrial involvement. The awareness of such rare sites of involvement from DTC is imperative for treating clinicians to plan individualistic approach in management including multiprong therapies for better patient care.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Synovial Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Chiu Ka Lun , Chow Tsz Kit , Ma Wai Han , Ma Kwok Man 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an uncommon and aggressive form of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Synovial anaplastic large cell lymphoma is very rare. We present PET/CT findings in a patient with synovial anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Intense FDG accumulation was found in irregular synovial thickening of the right knee. Biopsy of the synovium was performed and revealed anaplastic large cell lymphoma. This case demonstrates that anaplastic large cell lymphoma should be included as one of the differential diagnoses of FDG-avid synovial lesions.
An Anthropometric Study of the Morphologic Facial Index of Tibetan Youth in Tibet
Authors: Zhong Hua , Tong Qinghua 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to understand sex differences and variations in facial indices among Tibetans and to create and evaluate anthropometric data on facial morphology. The study population consisted of 476 native Tibetans (241 males and 235 females) aged 18 to 24 years. The means and SD facial width was 133.53±7.31 mm for males and 133.95±8.10 mm for females; the difference between the sexes was not statistically significant. The means and SD facial height was 107.68±5.76 mm for males and 111.95±14.28 mm for females; the difference between the sexes was statistically significant (u=−8.394, P=0.000). The morphologic facial index was 80.86±5.82 (means±SD) for males and 83.91±11.90 (means±SD) for females; the difference between the sexes was statistically significant (u=−6.581, P=0.000). The proportion of the Tibetan male facial shape was hypereuryprosopic (45.6%) > euryprosopic (31.1%) > mesoprosopic (18.7%) > leptoprosopic (3.3%) > hyperleptoprosopic (1.2%). The proportion of the Tibetan female facial shape was hypereuryprosopic (25.5%) > mesoprosopic (22.6%) > euryprosopic (21.7%) > leptoprosopic (17.4%) > hyperleptoprosopic (12.8%). Facial width was positively correlated with height (male r=0.306, P=0.000; female r=0.144, P=0.027), weight (r=0.470, P=0.000 for males; r=0.337, P=0.000 for females), and BMI (r=0.378, P=0.000 for males; r=0.291, P=0.000 for females). Facial height was positively correlated with height (r=0.329, P=0.000 for males; r=0.137, P=0.035 for females) and weight (r=0.391, P=0.000 for males; r=0.170, P=0.009 for females). Facial height was positively correlated with BMI in Tibetan males (r=0.293, P=0.000), but no significant correlation was found in Tibetan females. The morphologic facial index of Tibetans was positively correlated with age (r=0.183, P=0.004 for males; r=0.171, P=0.009 for females). The results indicated that Tibetan youth in Tibet have a predominantly hypereuryprosopic facial shape and that facial features are related to age, height, and weight. Some common facial morphology features exist among the Tibet Tibetans, northeastern Indians, and Nepalese in the 3 different regions of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The data from this study provide basic information for the study of Tibetans in the fields of physical anthropology, forensic medicine, maxillofacial surgery, and plastic surgery.
Prognostic Factors for Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: A Single-Center Series
Authors: Zhou Han , Liu Heng-Jian , Wang Chao , Lin Yuan , Feng Yu-Gong 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
The aim of the present study is to summarize the characteristics of anterior cerebral artery aneurysms and to explore the prognostic factors of microsurgical clipping treatment for anterior cerebral artery aneurysms.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 90 anterior cerebral artery aneurysms (ACAAs) are reviewed from January 2000 to July 2019. Patients are categorized into good outcome group and poor outcome group according to Glasgow outcome scale scores. Multiple factors, including clinical characteristics and aneurysms’ characteristics, are evaluated to identify the independent risk factors associated with prognosis of ACAAs.

Results:
This analysis reveals that in the ACAAs database the number of SAH (P=0.01), high H-H grade (P<0.001) and high Fisher grade (P<0.001) are correlated with prognosis of ACAAs. Finally, age (P=0.007, odds ratio=1.124, 95% CI: 1.033–1.223) and Hunt-Hess (grade III–V, P=0.022, odds ratio =59.77, 95% CI: 1.794–1991.298) are found to be independent risk factors for prognosis.

Conclusions:
The age and high Hunt-Hess grade seem to be important factors affecting the prognosis of ACAAs.
Nasopharyngeal carriage rate, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae among patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto Diana Shintawati , Khoeri Miftahuddin Majid , Tafroji Wisnu , Margaretha Kaligis Stefana Helena , Wilar Rocky , Kepel Billy Johnson , Raranta Hessyani Patricia Theodora , Gaghiwu Lidia , Hammerschmidt Sven , Ervina Waode Fifin , Safari Dodi 
Published: February 2024

We studied the carriage rate, distribution of serotype, and antimicrobial profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) among patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in two primary health centers and a tertiary referral hospital from 2019 to 2020 in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia before 13-valent PCV (PCV13) introduction. 106 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from children and adult patients. Serotyping of S. pneumoniae strain was performed with sequential multiplex PCR and Quellung reaction. Antimicrobial profile was performed by the disk diffusion method. We identified thirty-one patients carried S. pneumoniae strains (29%). The S. pneumoniae carriage rate was found to be higher among children aged 2-5 years (13/32; 40.6%) than in children under 1 year (8/27; 29.6%), children and adolescents under 18 years of age (5/20; 25.0%) and adult patients (5/27; 18.5%). The distribution of serotypes varied, including 14, 18C, 19A, 23F, 19F and 35B (two strains each) and 1, 3, 6B, 6C, 31, 9V, 15C, 16F, 17F, 23A, 35F (one strain each) and non-typeable (9/31; 29%). We found S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (30/31; 97%), chloramphenicol (29/31; 94%), clindamycin (29/31; 94%), erythromycin (22/31; 71%), azithromycin (22/31; 71%), tetracycline (14/31; 45%), penicillin (11/31; 35%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (10/31; 32%). This study provides supporting baseline data on distribution of serotype and antimicrobial profile of S. pneumoniae among patients with ARTI before PCV13 introduction in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
The transcription factor RIP140 regulates interferon γ signaling in breast cancer
Authors: Jalaguier S. , Kuehn A. , Petitpas C. , Dulom A. , Jacquemont R. , Assi C. , Sixou S. , Jeschke U. , Colinge J. , Cavaillès V. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTRIP140 (receptor interacting protein of 140 kDa) is an important player in breast cancer (BC) by regulating key cellular pathways such as nuclear hormone receptors signaling. In order to identify additional genes specifically regulated by RIP140 in BC, we performed an RNA sequencing after silencing its expression in MCF-7 cells. We identified the interferon γ (IFNγ) signaling as being substantially repressed by RIP140 knock-down. Using theGBP1(guanylate binding protein 1) gene as a reporter of IFNγ signaling, we demonstrated its robust induction by RIP140 through an ISRE motif, leading to a significant reduction of its induction upon IFNγ treatment. Furthermore, we showed that low levels of RIP140 amplified the IFNγ-dependent inhibition of BC cell proliferation. In line with these data, reanalysis of transcriptomic data obtained in human BC samples, revealed that IFNγ levels were associated with good prognosis only for BC patients exhibiting tumors expressing low levels of RIP140, thus confirming its effect on the anti-tumor activity of IFNγ provided by our experimental data. Altogether, this study identifies RIP140 as a new regulator of IFNγ signaling in breast tumorigenesis.
Integrated Short-TE and Hadamard-edited Multi-Sequence (ISTHMUS) for Advanced MRS
Authors: Hui Steve C.N. , Murali-Manohar Saipavitra , Zöllner Helge J. , Hupfeld Kathleen E. , Davies-Jenkins Christopher W. , Gudmundson Aaron T. , Song Yulu , Yedavalli Vivek , Wisnowski Jessica L , Gagoski Borjan , Oeltzschner Georg , Edden Richard A.E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo examine data quality and reproducibility using ISTHMUS, which has been implemented as the standardized MR spectroscopy sequence for the multi-site Healthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study.MethodsISTHMUS is the consecutive acquisition of short-TE PRESS (32 transients) and long-TE HERCULES (224 transients) data with dual-TE water reference scans. Voxels were positioned in the centrum semiovale, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and bilateral thalamus regions. After acquisition, ISTHMUS data were separated into the PRESS and HERCULES portions for analysis and modeled separately using Osprey. In vivo experiments were performed in 10 healthy volunteers (6 female; 29.5±6.6 years). Each volunteer underwent two scans on the same day. Differences in metabolite measurements were examined. T2correction based on the dual-TE water integrals were compared with: 1) T2correction based the default white matter and gray matter T2reference values in Osprey; 2) shorter WM and GM T2values from recent literature; and 3) reduced CSF fractions.ResultsNo significant difference in linewidth was observed between PRESS and HERCULES. Bilateral thalamus spectra had produced significantly higher (p<0.001) linewidth compared to the other three regions. Linewidth measurements were similar between scans, with scan-to-scan differences under 1 Hz for most subjects. Paired t-tests indicated a significant difference only in PRESS NAAG between the two thalamus scans (p=0.002). T2correction based on shorter T2values showed better agreement to the dual-TE water integral ratio.ConclusionsISTHMUS facilitated and standardized acquisition and post-processing and reduced operator workload to eliminate potential human error.HighlightsISTHMUS has been implemented into the HBCD study protocol.It acquires both short-TE and Hadamard-edited transients.ISTHMUS reduces operator workload.ISTHMUS potentially allows improved T2 relaxation correction
Performance of GPT-4 on the American College of Radiology In-Service Examination
Authors: Payne David L. , Purohit Kush , Borrero Walter Morales , Chung Katherine , Hao Max , Mpoy Mutshipay , Jin Michael , Prasanna Prateek , Hill Virginia 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesNo study has evaluated the ability of ChatGPT-4 to answer image-rich diagnostic radiology board exam questions or assessed for model drift in GPT-4’s image interpretation abilities. In our study we evaluate GPT-4’s performance on the American College of Radiology (ACR) 2022 Diagnostic Radiology In-Training Examination (DXIT).MethodsQuestions were sequentially input into GPT-4 with a standardized prompt. Each answer was recorded and overall accuracy was calculated, as was logic-adjusted accuracy, and accuracy on image-based questions. This experiment was repeated several months later to assess for model drift.ResultsGPT-4 achieved 58.5% overall accuracy, lower than the PGY-3 average (61.9%) but higher than the PGY-2 average (52.8%). Adjusted accuracy was 52.8%. GPT-4 showed significantly higher (p = 0.012) confidence for correct answers (87.1%) compared to incorrect (84.0%). Performance on image-based questions was notably poorer (p < 0.001) at 45.4% compared to text-only questions (80.0%), with adjusted accuracy for image questions of 36.4%.When the questions were repeated, GPT-4 chose a different answer 25.5% of the time and there was a small but insignificant decrease in accuracy.DiscussionGPT-4 performed between PGY-2 and PGY-3 levels on the 2022 DXIT, but significantly poorer on image-based questions, and with large variability in answer choices across time points. This study underscores the potential and risks of using minimally-prompted general AI models in interpreting radiologic images as a diagnostic tool. Implementers of general AI radiology systems should exercise caution given the possibility of spurious yet confident responses.
A Neural Network Approach to Identify Left-Right Orientation of Anatomical Brain MRI
Authors: Nishimaki Kei , Iyatomi Hitoshi , Oishi Kenichi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLeft-right orientation misidentification in brain MRIs presents significant challenges due to several factors, including metadata loss or ambiguity, which often occurs during the de-identification of medical images for research, conversion between image formats, software operations that strip or overwrite metadata, and the use of older imaging systems that stored orientation differently. This study presents a novel application of deep-learning to enhance the accuracy of left-right orientation identification in anatomical brain MRI scans. A three-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network model was trained using 350 MRIs and evaluated on eight distinct brain MRI databases, totaling 3,384 MRIs, to assess its performance across various conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed deep-learning framework demonstrated a 99.6% accuracy in identifying the left-right orientation, thus addressing challenges associated with the loss of orientation metadata. GradCAM was used to visualize areas of the brain where the model focused, demonstrating the importance of the right planum temporale and surrounding areas in judging left-right orientation. The planum temporale is known to exhibit notable left-right asymmetry related to language functions, underscoring the biological validity of the model. More than half of the ten left-right misidentified MRIs involved notable brain feature variations, such as severe temporal lobe atrophy, arachnoidal cysts adjacent to the temporal lobe, or unusual cerebral torque, indicating areas for further investigation. This approach offers a potential solution to the persistent issue of left-right misorientation in brain MRIs and supports the reliability of neuroscientific research by ensuring accurate data interpretation.
Early-life exposures to specific commensal microbes prevent type 1 diabetes
Authors: Green Jamal , Deschaine John , Lubin Jean-Bernard , Flores Julia N. , Maddux Sarah , Duranova Tereza , Grimes Logan , Planet Paul J. , Eisenlohr Laurence C. , Silverman Michael A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarly-life disruptions of the gut microbiome have long-lasting impacts on the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. How the composition of the early-life microbiota contributes to autoimmunity and whether manipulating it can prove therapeutically beneficial remains largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that a simple consortium of nine early-life commensal bacteria (PedsCom) prevents type 1 diabetes (T1D) in diabetes-susceptible NOD mice. Remarkably, we find that this protection is completely dependent upon early-life colonization. During this critical time window of early-life colonization and immune development, specific microbes unexpectedly translocate from the gut to peripheral tissues and induce the tolerogenic responses required for T1D protection. These findings highlight how the timing and localization of microbial interactions during a pivotal stage of immune development contribute to protection from T1D. Altogether, these findings suggest an opportunity to develop microbial therapies for human infants to prevent autoimmune diseases.One sentence summaryA defined consortium of early-life microbes shapes immune development and prevents type 1 diabetes.
A Machine Learning Enhanced EMS Mutagenesis Probability Map for Efficient Identification of Causal Mutations inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Guo Zhengyang , Wang Shimin , Wang Yang , Wang Zi , Ou Guangshuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChemical mutagenesis-driven forward genetic screens are pivotal in unveiling gene functions, yet identifying causal mutations behind phenotypes remains laborious, hindering their high-throughput application. Here, we reveal a non-uniform mutation rate caused by Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in theC. elegansgenome, indicating that mutation frequency is influenced by proximate sequence context and chromatin status. Leveraging these factors, we developed a Machine Learning enhanced pipeline to create a comprehensive EMS mutagenesis probability map for theC. elegansgenome. This map operates on the principle that causative mutations are enriched in genetic screens targeting specific phenotypes among random mutations. Applying this map to Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data of genetic suppressors that rescue aC. elegansciliary kinesin mutant, we successfully pinpointed causal mutations without generating recombinant inbred lines. This methodology can be adapted in other species, offering a scalable approach for identifying causal genes and revitalizing the effectiveness of forward genetic screens.Significance statementExploring gene functions through chemical mutagenesis-driven genetic screens is pivotal, yet the cumbersome task of identifying causative mutations remains a bottleneck, limiting their high-throughput potential. In this investigation, we uncovered a non-uniform mutation pattern induced by Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in theC. elegansgenome, highlighting the influence of proximate sequence context and chromatin status on mutation frequency. Leveraging these insights, we engineered a machine learning enhanced pipeline to construct a comprehensive EMS mutagenesis probability map for theC. elegansgenome. This map operates on the principle that causative mutations are selectively enriched in genetic screens targeting specific phenotypes amid the backdrop of random mutations.Applying this mapping tool to Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data derived from genetic suppressors rescuing aC. elegansciliary kinesin mutant, we achieved precise identification of causal mutations without resorting to the conventional generation of recombinant inbred lines. Our work not only advances understanding of mutation dynamics but also revitalizes the efficacy of forward genetic screens, contributing to the refinement of genetic exploration methodologies with implications for various organisms.
Dominant nonsense mutations in efemp1 alter vertebral and craniofacial characteristics in adult zebrafish
Authors: Gómez Arianna Ericka , Alvarado Kurtis , Yase Rohda Ahmed , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Hulleman John D. , Kwon Ronald Young 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHeritable Disorders of Connective Tissues (HDCT) are a heterogenous, pleiotropic group of conditions that broadly affect connective tissues.EFEMP1is a member of the fibulin family of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins which is expressed in various human tissues. Individuals withEFEMP1variants have recently been identified and appear to have Marfan-like characteristics. Clinical phenotypes of these individuals include hernias, advanced bone age, tall stature, myopia, joint laxity, and thin skin.EFEMP1-associated HDCTs have been identified in individuals with biallelic and monoallelic variants. There is an urgent need to better understand the role ofEFEMP1in regulating connective tissues including bone, and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the spectrum of genotype-phenotype relationships seen in EFEMP1-associated HDCTs. To investigate the role ofEFEMP1in developing and adult bone, we used CRISPR-based editing to generate two efemp1 zebrafish alleles encoding for premature termination codons (PTCs) predicted to delete or severely alter the fibulin-type domain. Both alleles exhibited similar phenotypes in juvenile and adult fish. In juvenile fish, we did not identify changes in body size or vertebral development. In adults, we found significant changes in body length, bone microarchitecture, and craniofacial measurements in both heterozygous and homozygous mutant fish. These results expand our understanding of the role ofefemp1in the skeleton and highlight the potential for dominant nonsense variants to play a role in manifestation of clinical phenotypes inEFEMP1-associated HDCTs.