bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of escape from suppression of Ig heavy chain allotypes in multiheterozygous rabbits
Authors: Eskinazi Daniel P. , Knight Katherine L. , Dray Sheldon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree rabbits of genotype a1n81f73g74/a2n82f71g75 which had been injected at birth with anti‐a 1 (VH) antiserum and which were previously shown to be suppressed for the paternal allotypes a1, n81, f73 and g74 at 8 weeks of age, were monitored over a 2‐year period for the concentration of suppressed and non suppressed allotypes in their sera. In all three suppressed animals, the f 73 (Cα) and g74 (Cα) allotypes were expressed again at a much greater rate than the a1 (VH) and n81 (Cμ) allotypes. In one suppressed animal, the a 1 (VH) allotype was re‐expressed at a much greater rate than the n81 (Cμ) allotype and reflected primarily the reappearance of a 1 IgG. Thus, the escape from allotype suppression in this animal was in the order IgA, IgG, IgM which is the reverse of the order of appearance of these Ig classes during ontogeny. While the al(VH) and n81 (Cμ) allotypes remained suppressed, the f 73 (Cα) and g74 (Cα) allotypes were re‐expressed to the same concentration as in the unsuppressed controls, and no compensatory decrease of the f71 and g75 allotypes occurred. During the re‐expression of the f 73 and g74 allotypes, the ratio of the concentrations of f 73/g74 remained approximately constant.
A functional comparison of tumor cell killing by activated macrophages and natural killer cells
Authors: Roder John C. , Kiessling Rolf , Lohmann‐Matthes Marie‐Luise , Domzig Wolfang , Haller Otto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report compares the sensitivity of 17 tumor cell lines to cytolysis mediated by natural killer (NK) cells or by activated, bone marrow‐derived macrophages (AM) from 15 inbred mouse strains. Some tumor cell lines, notably P815, were highly sensitive to AM‐mediated lysis but almost completely insensitive to NK cells, whereas other cell lines were lysed by NK cells but not AM. In a genotype survey, some low‐responder strains in the NK system, such as A/Sn, were high responders in the AM system, and, conversely, one intermediate to high‐responder strain (C3 H/HeJ) in the NK system was a low responder in AM‐mediated cytolysis. In addition, macrophage cytotoxicity factor was necessary to activate macrophages, but this lymphokine did not augment NK activity. Furthermore, the NK population did not contain pre‐activated macrophages since pre‐activated cells were removed on glass bead columns or by iron carbonyl and a magnet; treatments which have been previously shown not to affect NK cells. These results suggest that NK cells are distinct from AM in physical characteristics, target selectivity, genotype distribution and the mechanism of cytolysis.
The effect of light chain gene expression on the inheritance of an idiotype associated with primary anti‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl(NP) antibodies
Authors: Imanishi‐Kari Thereza , Rajnavölgyi Eva , Takemori Toshitada , Jack Robert S. , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrimary anti‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies from C57BL/6 mice were idiotypically defined by a rabbit anti‐idiotypic antiserum. The idiotypic marker detected by this antiserum (the NPb idiotype) requires for its expression a specific heavy (H) chain‐lambda (Λ) light (L) chain combination as shown in chain reassociation experiments. The idiotypic binding reaction is inhibitable by hapten. BALB/c and CBA mice also produce large amounts of Λ‐bearing anti‐NP antibodies, but these do not express the NPb idiotype as defined by the rabbit antiserum. Since the NPb idiotype could be reconstituted by reassociating C57 BL/6 anti‐NP antibody H chains with either HOPC 1, or BALB/c or CBA anti‐NP antibody Λ chains, the absence of the NPb idiotype in BALB/c and CBA antibodies implies that these animals express different sets of H chain variable (V) regions in the anti‐NP response.SJL mice, in contrast to other mouse strains with the Ig‐1b allotype, express only traces of NPb idiotype in their anti‐NP antibodies, the L chains of which are almost exclusively of the χ type.Knowing that SJL mice possess a regulatory gene responsible for the low level of Λ (Λ10) chains in their immunoglobulins, we have analyzed the progeny of (SJL × BALB/C)F1, (SJL × BALB/C)F1 × BALB/C and (SJL × BALB/C)F1 × SJL for the expression of Λ‐bearing anti‐NP antibodies and NPb idiotype.In accord with previous work (SJL × BALB/c)F1 mice produced substantial amounts of anti‐NP antibodies with the NPb idiotype. Backcross of these mice to BALB/c revealed linkage of the NPb idiotype to the Ig‐1b allotype, in agreement with previous data. Backcross of the F1 animals to SJL demonstrated control of the NPb idiotype by the gene regulating Λ chain expression in serum immunoglobulin.Chain reassociation experiments showed that in SJL mice, the regulation against Λ chain expression prevents the selection in the anti‐NP response of those H chains that together with Λ chains constitute the NPb idiotype. Apparently, these H chains are unable to contribute to a binding site with specificity for the NP hapten when combined with χ chains.
Nonspecific suppressor cell activity and specific cellular unresponsiveness in rat schistosomiasis
Authors: Camus Daniel , Dessaint Jean‐Paul , Fischer Elizabeth , Capron André 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from inbred Fischer rats infected with Schistosoma mansoni were cultured with S. mansoni antigen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A). During the first 3 weeks of infection, both a significant proliferative response and a delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to S. mansoni antigen were observed. In contrast, during the fourth to the seventh week both responses were reduced to a nonsignificant level, and the proliferative response to PHA or Con A also decreased during this period. At the time of minimal reactivity to PHA or Con A, the depletion of cells adherent to nylon wool (but not depletion of mononuclear phagocytic cells by plating on plastic) restored a significant response to Con A. At this time, infected rat lymphocytes reduced the proliferative response of noninfected syngeneic cells induced by Con A. This inhibition was not observed when infected cells were previously passed through a nylon wool column. Inversely, nylon wool depletion of day‐28 or 35‐infected spleen cells did not restore lymphocyte response to S. mansoni antigen. Serum (or the dialyzable fraction thereof) from day‐29‐infected rats inhibited thymidine incorporation of PHA‐stimulated normal lymphocytes and the response to S. mansoni of spleen cells from infected rats. This information suggests that at the end of the first month of infection in the rat, lymphocyte unresponsiveness to S. mansoni antigen could not be related to a demonstrable suppressor cell activity. Low molecular weight inhibitory factor(s) released by the parasite and acting directly on lymphocytes could partly account for this unresponsiveness in rat schistosomiasis.
The proliferative capacity of human T lymphocyte subpopulations in a continuous culture system
Authors: Pang Gerald T. M. , Booth Roger J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe continuous growth of subpopulations of human T lymphocytes was investigated using a culture system containing conditioning factors from mitogen‐stimulated lymphocytes. Cultures of purified peripheral blood lymphocytes rapidly became enriched for T lymphocytes, detected as sheep erythrocyte rosette‐forming cells, and could be maintained for up to a month in an actively growing state. Subpopulations of T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgM (T.M) or IgG(T.G) could not be detected in these cultures unless the cells were first washed and cultured for 3 days in medium devoid of conditioning factors. During this second culture step, many of the cells reverted from a large, blast‐like state to a small lymphocyte morphology and a proportion of the T lymphocytes re‐expressed Fc receptors. The proportions of T.M and T.G lymphocytes so detected remained constant throughout the continuous culture period indicating that the system permitted the proliferation of all T lymphocytes. Fractionation studies supported this conclusion by demonstrating that purified T, T.M and T.G but not B lymphocyte populations proliferated when cultured in the presence of conditioned medium. The majority of cells in cultures of purified T.M lymphocytes re‐expressed IgM Fc receptors following reculture in unconditioned medium. However, the re‐expression of IgG Fc receptors by cultured T.G lymphocytes could not be achieved.
Antigen‐specific suppressor factors produced by T cell hybridomas for delayed‐type hypersensitivity
Authors: Hewitt Jane , Liew Foo Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study describes the generation of T hybridoma lines which secrete factors specifically suppressing delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). AKR strain‐derived T lymphoma BW 5147 cells were fused with spleen cells from mice primed with SRBC and containing antigen‐specific T suppressor cells for DTH. Supernatants from the derived hybridomas were tested for suppression of either expression or induction of DTH to SRBC. Six lines produced specific suppressor activity for the expression of DTH; 4 lines produced suppressor activity for the induction of DTH of which only one line was antigen‐specific. These lines were passaged in normal AKR mice, and the serum obtained had activity up to 10−4dilution. The factor was effective across the H‐2 barrier.
Lipopolysaccharide and lipid A‐induced human blood lymphocyte activation as detected by a protein A plaque assay
Authors: Smith C. I. Edvard , Hammarström Lennart , Bird A. Graham , Kunori Takao , Gustafsson Björn , Holme Tord 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVarious purified cell wall lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from gram‐negative bacteria and derivatives of these LPS were tested for their stimulatory capacity for human peripheral blood cells. Immunoglobulin (Ig) production was tested by an indirect plaque‐forming cell assay using Staphylococcus aureus protein A‐coupled erythrocytes and specific anti‐Ig as developing serum. This method allows the detection of the majority of cells secreting Ig of a single class, and the number of plaque‐forming cells detected are approximately 100–1000 times the amount obtained using normal sheep red cells as targets. LPS containing the O antigen‐specific chain, as well as mutant products only containing lipid A and ketodeoxyoctonate trisaccharide, could induce cell division and antibody synthesis. The polypeptide antibiotic polymyxin B was found to inhibit LPS‐induced activation. Furthermore, purified lipid A, complexed with bovine serum albumin, was also found to activate human peripheral blood B cells. These findings demonstrate that human peripheral blood lymphocytes can be activated by LPS and also indicate that lipid A is the active part of these molecules.
Monoclonal antibodies in cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against human melanoma and colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Herlyn Dorothee , Herlyn Meenhard , Steplewski Zenon , Koprowski Hilary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHybridoma‐derived monoclonal anti‐melanoma antibodies and anti‐colorectal carcinoma antibodies were found to mediate in vitro antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) reactions against melanoma and colorectal carcinoma cells, respectively.The antigen(s) detected in ADCC on melanoma cells maintained for more than one hundred passages in tissue culture were also found on two recently established melanoma cell lines. These antigens were not detected on skin fibroblasts of the same patients from whom the melanomas were obtained.The ADCC reactivities of anti‐melanoma and anti‐colorectal carcinoma antibodies were found to be specific for melanoma cells and colorectal carcinoma cells, respectively.
Generation of virus‐specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro I. Induction conditions of primary and secondary Sendai virus‐specific cytotoxic T cells
Authors: Koszinowski Ulrich H. , Simon Markus M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractH‐2‐restricted cytotoxic T cells specific for Sendai virus were generated in vitro in a primary response from normal mouse lymphocytes cultured in the presence of infective as well as inactivated Sendai virus. Antigen‐presenting cells of different origin, including T cells, were found to be effective stimulators. Antibodies to Sendai virus were shown to inhibit the activation of specific precursor killer cells when added to cultures before, but not after, the addition of viral antigen. Data obtained by Lyt phenotyping, revealed that precursor killer cells specific for Sendai virus reside in the Lyt‐2,3+ T cell population and that Lyt‐l,2,3+ T cells are not required for the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Different activation kinetics were demonstrated for primary and secondary antiviral cytotoxic responses, and the analysis of the proliferation and stimulation requirements suggests qualitative differences.
H‐2 restriction for lymphocyte homing into lymph nodes
Authors: Degos Laurent , Pla Marika , Colombani Jacques M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMigratory patterns into lymph nodes of labeled spleen lymphocytes, injected intravenously, showed considerable differences according to the genetic identity or disparity of donor and recipient mice. The use of mice carrying different H‐2 haplo‐types in the same B 10 background, or, conversely, the same H‐2b haplotype in different backgrounds, showed that no homing was observed in the case of complete disparity at the H‐2 complex, contrasting with optimal homing in the case of H‐2 identity. Homing was not influenced by disparity at the genetic background.Irradiation of recipient mice did not change the results and suggested that no immunological host‐vs.‐graft reaction was involved in the H‐2 restriction observed. The use of donor‐recipient pairs carrying recombinant H‐2 haplotypes showed that a single H‐2 K and/or H‐2 D identity allowed almost optimal homing. The results indirectly suggested that an immunological graft‐vs. ‐host reaction was not involved in the phenomenon but rather a positive recognition of H‐2K or H‐2D identity between donor and recipient cells.
Production of interferon in the murine mixed lymphocyte culture. II. Interferon production is a T cell‐dependent function, independent of proliferation
Authors: Kirchner Holger , Zawatzky Rainer , Engler Helmut , Schirrmacher Volker , Becker Hans , von Wussow Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInterferon production occurs after two days of culture in murine mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). This was demonstrated in various combinations of mouse spleen cells differing at the major histocompatibility (H‐2) locus. Interferon production could be demonstrated in one‐way MLC when F1/parent combinations were used and in reactions in which one partner was treated by puromycin. After treatment of both cell populations with mitomycin C, interferon production occurred in the absence of lymphoproliferation. Interferon production in response to alloantigen did not occur in spleen cell cultures of nude mice and in cultures treated by anti‐Θ antiserum plus complement indicating that interferon production is a T cell‐dependent function.
The idiotypy of the MOPC 173 (IgG2a) mouse myeloma protein: Characterization of syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic anti‐idiotypic antibodies. Contribution of the H and L chains to the idiotypic determinants
Authors: Schiff Claudine , Boyer Claude , Milili Michèle , Fougereau Michel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐idiotypic antibodies were raised against the mouse (γ2a, κ) myeloma protein MOPC 173 in syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic conditions. Syngeneic immunization resulted in individual hemagglutination titers ranging from 1:40 to 1:160000 with about 30% of nonresponders, whereas upon allogeneic immunization (in A/J mice) almost all animals responded, with titers ranging from 1:1250 to 1:320000. Anti‐idiotypic antisera were also obtained in the rabbit.Inhibition of a radioimmunoassay using 125I‐labeled MOPC 173 Fab fragments as the reference antigen indicated that the native Ig and the Fab competed on a similar molar basis. No inhibition was observed with the Fc or with other mouse monoclonal Ig, of the same or different classes or subclasses. Standard BALB/c serum did not inhibit either.Whatever the anti‐idiotypic antiserum used, idiotypic determinants were not found on isolated heavy (H) and light (L) chains provided they were carefully purified. Reoccurrence of idiotypic determinants was obtained in high yield whenever Ig molecules were reformed from the homologous H and L chains, whereas no potentiation of the low inhibition of isolated chains was observed when hybrid molecules were formed using heterologous complementary chains isolated from the MOPC 21A (γl, ϰ) or the LPC 1 (γ2a, ϰ) protein. These results suggest that MOPC 173 idiotypic determinants rely on the specific H‐L interaction and that they must be largely conformational in nature.Heterogeneity of the anti‐idiotypic antibodies was analyzed by isoelectric focusing. A major pattern was observed for the A/J antisera, whereas, in the case of BALB/c, expression of a few clones, characteristic of each “high responder” animal, was strongly suggested, superimposed to faint production of antibodies by clones that were common to all mice.
The ontogeny of B lymphocytes V. Lipopolysaccharide‐induced changes of IgD expression on murine B lymphocytes
Authors: Sitia Roberto , Abbott Joan , Hämmerling Ulrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMurine splenocytes contain two minor subpopulations of B cells, one inducible by lipopolysaccharide to convert within 2 h from IgD− to IgD+ and the other to change from IgD+ to IgD−. These two subpopulations can be separated by density centrifugation. Their relative proportions show a marked age dependency: IgD− → IgD+ cells are more frequent in suckling mice, while IgD+ → IgD− inducible cells become predominant in mice older than 3 weeks. The age dependency observed in the relative proportions between the two cell types suggests that they are ontogenetically related as progenitor‐successor. This hypothesis is corroborated by phenotype analysis of the two subsets, revealing IgD− → IgD+ cells as IgM+, Ia+, complement receptor−(CR−) and IgD+ → IgD− cells as IgM+, Ia+, CR+.Our data show that IgD and CR are expressed concomitantly during B cell differentiation. On further differentiation, induced by lipopolysaccharide, both markers are lost from the cell surface at different rates: IgD decreases significantly in a very short period (<2.5 h) while induction of a decline in CR requires longer culture periods (>8 h). The loss of IgD may thus herald an early differentiation event toward antibody‐producing cells.
Antibody response to embryonal carcinoma cells in syngeneic mice
Authors: Damonneville Marline , Morello Dominique , Gachelin Gabriel , Stanislawski Marc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and subclasses of the specific antibodies contained in antisera raised in male 129/Sv mice against cells of a syngeneic clonal line of embryonal carcinoma (F9) have been determined. Cytotoxic activity was found associated almost exclusively with anti‐F9 IgM (μχ) antibodies. A large part of anti‐F9 activity was found associated with IgG1 (γ1χ and presumably also γ1λ) antibodies, and was detectable only by indirect immunofluorescence. Traces of specific IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies were also found. No IgG3 and IgA antibodies reacting with embryonal carcinoma cells were detectable under these conditions. The serum of F9 tumor‐bearing animals had a very similar Ig composition. fürthermore, IgM and IgG1, but not IgG2 antibodies, were detected at the surface of in vivo growing F9 tumor cells.
IgG‐binding sites on macrophage cell membrane. II. Mobility of Fc receptors induced by the interaction with their corresponding IgG ligands
Authors: Sulica Andrei , Gherman Maria , Medeşan Cornel , Gheţie Victor , Sjöquist John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse peritoneal macrophages were charged with IgG molecules in monomeric (mIgG), heat‐aggregated (agIgG) or antigen‐complexed (acIgG) form. Upon exposure to 37 °C, all bound IgG ligand types are redistributed on the cell surface due to the mobilization of their corresponding Fc receptor (FcR). The major findings regarding the fate of FcR on macrophages bearing IgG ligands are as follows: (a) the FcR involved in the binding of cytophilic molecules has a slow movement on the cell membrane and forms patches but never caps, while the opsonic type of FcR is rapidly capped; (b) the mobility of IgG‐binding sites was temperature‐dependent and was affected differently by sodium azide; this metabolic inhibitor enhances the disappearance of mIgG from the cell surface but decreases the capping and the disappearance of polymeric ligands; (c) both FcR types are probably ingested when complexed with specific ligand, and consequently, the rebinding of homologous IgG molecules is reduced, the clearing induced by agIgG or acIgG binding being much more extensive; and (d) cells cleared of their opsonic type of FcR are able to regenerate the receptor molecules within 8 h of incubation at 37 °C.
Suppression of phosphorylcholine‐specific IgE antibody formation in BALB/c mice by isologous anti‐T 15 antiserum
Authors: Blaser Kurt , Geiser Marianne , de Week Alain L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to study the regulation of IgE antibody formation, isologous anti‐idiotypic antisera against the phosphoryl choline (PC)‐specific BALB/c myeloma proteins T15 and M167 were passively administered to BALB/c mice in the course of an anti‐PC IgE response. Isologous anti‐T 15 antiserum had a long‐lasting suppressive effect on the formation of IgE antibodies with PC specificity, whereas administration of anti‐ M167 antiserum had no or only little effect, similar to that of normal BALB/c serum. This indicates that anti‐PC IgE antibodies consist mainly of the T15 idiotype or of cross‐reacting idiotypes, and that IgE response is accessible to regulation with anti‐ idiotypic antibodies. This murine model may permit the study of regulation of an IgE response largely restricted to few defined idiotypes characterized as tumor proteins.
Generation of virus‐specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro II. Induction requirements with functionally inactivated virus preparations
Authors: Koszinowski Ulrich H. , Gething Mary‐Jane 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing noninfectious Sendai virus preparations after selective enzymatic digestion of either of the two viral envelope glycoproteins, it was possible to study the effect of different virion‐cell membrane interactions on virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction in vitro. Three different virus preparations having capacity for virus‐ cell fusion, for virus‐cell adsorption or lacking the ability to bind to cell membranes, were all active in the generation of virus‐specific primary and secondary cytotoxic T cells, when added to the culture. Investigations on the responder cell requirements during CTL induction revealed that activation by addition of virions lacking the capacity to bind to cells was sensitive to the depletion of adherent cells. When virions with fusion and binding capacity were presented on tumor stimulator cells, different requirements with respect to adherent cells were obtained in the primary and secondary CTL response to Sendai virus. The data indicate that different viral antigen‐cell membrane interactions govern the activation phase and effector phase of antigen‐ primed T cell populations, while sensitization of unprimed cells is dependent on the presence of adherent, perhaps antigen‐presenting cells.