bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular Experimental Riffle–Pool Stream System
Authors: Matthews William J. , Gido Keith B. , Garrett Gary P. , Gelwick Frances P. , Stewart Jeffrey G. , Schaefer Jacob 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe describe a modular method for building a large, outdoor experimental stream system that has great flexibility for research projects in fish ecology, behavior, conservation, or management. The system has been in use for more than a decade at the University of Oklahoma Biological Station (Kingston, Oklahoma) and has been used with modification at four other research facilities in the Midwest. Here, we document the system in detail, including specifications for construction of the original system and modifications or improvements at other sites. The system uses commercially available, customized fiberglass round tank and trough units that can be configured in many different ways to create flowing pool and riffle habitats. The system appears to be a good mimic of small natural streams based on system flow rates, establishment of natural substrates and cover, stream chemistry relative to that of a natural creek, and fish behaviors. At least 39 fish species have been used successfully in 1–14‐month experiments in these systems and approximately half have reproduced. The system offers great flexibility of design to experimenters, is cost effective, and may be of interest at other facilities that research basic biology, conservation, or management of stream fishes.
Defining the roles of Ca2+ — permeable channels in sperm
Authors: Sadiqul Islam M. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Ion channels exert a vital role in the dialogue between male and female gametes and thus in the generation of new individuals in many species. Intracellular Ca2+ is possibly the key messenger between gametes. Different Ca2+-permeable channels have been detected in the plasma membrane and in the organelle-like acrosome membrane of sperm, which play vital roles in determining sperm fertilizing ability. Recent reports from several laboratories have adequately documented that the Ca2+-permeable channels of a sperm control a variety of functions ranging from motility to the acrosome reaction. In this article, we have reviewed the data from our and other laboratories, and have documented the mechanisms of different Ca2+-permeable channels involved in the fertilization event.
Evaluation of the burden of logging injuries using West Virginia workers' compensation claims data from 1996 to 2001
Authors: Mujuru Priscah , Singla Lisa , Helmkamp James , Bell Jennifer , Hu Wen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe risks associated with logging are well documented, however little work has been done on estimating the economic impact of injuries among loggers.MethodsWest Virginia Workers' Compensation claims data for the period 1996–2001 was used to assess the economic burden of logging injuries in the state.ResultsThere were 1,371 claimants during this period with the highest number of claims (39%) in the 25–34 years age category. The total cost of injuries was over $14 million. The most severe injuries, traumatic brain injuries (TBI), thoracic, cervical, and lumbar, resulted in the highest medical costs, indemnity costs and permanent disability. The average medical cost for logging‐related to TBI was $198,048 compared to $15,321 for other major industries.ConclusionsThe magnitude of the economic costs underscores the need for active research of injury prevention among loggers and for greater attention to occupational safety and health programs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as a screening instrument of major depressive disorder among Japanese workers
Authors: Wada Koji , Tanaka Katsutoshi , Theriault Gilles , Satoh Toshihiko , Mimura Masaru , Miyaoka Hitoshi , Aizawa Yoshiharu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) is used at workplaces to screen depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the CES‐D for depression in a workplace.MethodsThe CES‐D was administered to 2,219 workers (84.2% men; age 21–68 years) at a manufacturing company in Japan. Concomitantly all workers had an interview with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) as a gold standard for diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD). The validity was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe area under the ROC curve of the CES‐D was 0.96 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.94–0.99]. The optimal cut‐off score of MDD was 19 for screening.ConclusionsThe validity of CES‐D is confirmed and it is a valid instrument for detecting MDD in working populations in Japan. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:8–12, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk for hypertension in workers exposed to carbon disulfide in the viscose rayon industry
Authors: Chang Shu‐Ju , Chen Chiou‐Jong , Shih Tung‐Sheng , Chou Tzu‐Chieh , Sung Fung‐Chang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundChronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) has been associated with hypertension, elevated cholesterol, arteriosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and related mortality, adverse nervous and reproductive health effects, and hearing impairment. This study assessed the hypertension risk for male rayon workers exposed to CS2.MethodsA total of 251 rayon workers and 226 administrative clerks at two plants in Taiwan received health examination and interviews, and were compared for hypertension risk. On‐site CS2 levels were measured.ResultsThe hypertension was more prevalent in the exposure group (43.4%) than in controls (7.1%) with greater impact on systolic blood pressure than diastolic. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant dose–response relationship between hypertensive risk and cumulative exposure index (CEI) with an odds ratio of 15.1 for workers exposed to 343–468 year‐ppm of CS2. The overall risk was elevated to 7.6 times higher for rayon workers. The risk increased significantly after more than 10 years of employment.ConclusionsThis study suggests that it takes a long exposure period to develop hypertension for rayon workers with CS2 exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:22–27, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An unusual cause of atrial fibrillation: Exposure to insecticides
Authors: Topacoglu Hakan , Unverir Pinar , Erbil Bulent , Sarikaya Sezgin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there are many well‐known cardiac results of insecticide poisoning, atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been reported as the result of insecticide intoxication.CaseTwenty‐six‐year‐old male, complaining of nausea and vomiting, presented to the emergency department with a history of methomyl dust exposure. All physical examination findings were normal except irregular heart rate on cardiac auscultation. The electrocardiogram of the patient showed AF with normal ventricular response. Patient's acetylcholinesterase (ACE) level was 3,319 IU/L in presentation and pralidoxim use was seen unnecessary for the treatment. The patient's rhythm spontaneously returned to sinus rhythm 24 hr after the presentation and no cardiopulmonary pathology was found during the follow‐up. The patient was discharged without symptoms.ConclusionAF is a rare complication of insecticide intoxication. In this case, treatment of symptoms was adequate until a normal sinus rhythm returned. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:48–49, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GLI2 mutations in four Brazilian patients: How wide is the phenotypic spectrum?
Authors: Rahimov Fedik , Ribeiro Lucilene Arilho , de Miranda Eziquiel , Richieri‐Costa Antonio , Murray Jeffrey C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe report four patients with GLI2 mutations together with their associated phenotypes: (1) holoprosencephaly‐like phenotype, (2) anophthalmia, branchial arch anomalies, and CNS abnormalities, (3) heminasal aplasia and orbital anomalies, and (4) lobar holoprosencephaly. This diversity of phenotypes expands our understanding. Findings include not only (1) holoprosencephaly or a holoprosencephaly‐like phenotype, but also (2) heminasal aplasia with orbital anomalies, and (3) branchial arch anomalies of the type seen in hemifacial microsomia with anophthalmia and in oculoauriculofrontonasal syndrome. Finally, this is the first report of a double mutation involving GLI2 and PTCH in the same patient. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement in processability of metallocene polyethylene by ultrasound and binary processing aid
Authors: Chen Jinyao , Liu Xiaolong , Li Huilin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of ultrasonic vibration and binary processing aid in improving the processability of metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene (mLLDPE) was investigated. During extrusion, ultrasonic vibration clearly reduced the die pressure and apparent viscosity of mLLDPE but had only a slight effect on its melt fracture. The effect of diatomite/PEG binary processing aid (BPA) was excellent in reducing the viscosity and eliminating the sharkskin fracture of mLLDPE. The effect of ultrasonic vibration and binary processing aid in improving the processability of mLLDPE was synergetic. With a combination of ultrasonic vibration and a small amount of processing aid, the flowability of mLLDPE was further improved, and the critical shear rate for the onset of sharkskin fracture was increased. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1927–1935, 2007
Comparative study on the preparation and properties of radiation‐grafted polymer electrolyte membranes based on fluoropolymer films
Authors: Chen Jinhua , Septiani Upita , Asano Masaharu , Maekawa Yasunari , Kubota Hitoshi , Yoshida Masaru 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study the fluoropolymers, poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films, together with the radiation‐induced crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (cPTFE) film were compared on the basis of their preparation and properties of radiation‐grafted polymer electrolyte membranes. The polymer electrolyte membranes were prepared by radiation grafting of styrene into the base films and subsequent sulfonation. The proton conductivity and chemical stability of the three types of membranes with a similar ion exchange capacity (IEC) near 1.0 mmol/g were investigated and are discussed in detail. Although the ETFE‐based polymer electrolyte membrane was relatively more stable, its proton conductivity was lower than those of the PVDF‐ and cPTFE‐based membranes. On the other hand, the cPTFE‐based membrane showed a significantly higher proton conductivity, but its chemical stability was shorter than that of the ETFE‐based membrane. It is considered that the difference in the preparation and properties of the polymer electrolyte membranes was due to the difference in the degree of crystallinity as well as in the chemical structure of the fluoropolymer base films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1966–1972, 2007
Dielectric and thermal properties of polymer network based on bismaleimide resin and cyanate ester containing dicyclopentadiene or dipentene. III
Authors: Hwang Hann‐Jang , Shieh Jeng‐Yueh , Li Chun‐Hung , Wang Chun‐Shan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA series of bismaleimide‐triazine (BT) resins were prepared from commercial bismaleimide (DDMBMI) and 2,6‐dimethylphenol‐dicyclopentadiene dicyanate ester (DCPDCY) or 2,6‐dimethylphenol‐dipentene dicyanate ester (DPCY). The thermal properties of cured BT resins containing DCPD or DP were studied using a dielectric analyzer (DEA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). These data were compared with that of DDMBMI cured with bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCY). The cured DDMBMI/DCPDCY or DDMBMI/DPCY exhibits a lower dielectric constant, dissipation factor, and moisture absorption than those of DDMBMI/BADCY. The effects of blend composition on the glass transition temperatures and thermal stability are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1942–1951, 2007
Thermal oxidative degradation kinetics of PP and PP/mg (OH)2 flame‐retardant composites
Authors: Chen Xiaolang , Yu Jie , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe thermal stability and thermal oxidative degradation kinetics of polypropylene (PP) and flame‐retardant PP composites filled with untreated and treated magnesium hydroxide (MH) in air were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of the heating rate in dynamic measurements (5°C–30°C/min) on kinetic parameters such as activation energy was also investigated. The Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods were used to determine the apparent activation energy for the degradation of neat PP and flame‐retardant PP composites. The results of TGA showed that the addition of untreated or treated MH improved the thermal oxidative stability of PP in air. The kinetic results showed that the apparent activation energy for degradation of flame‐retardant PP composites was much higher than that of neat PP, suggesting that the flame retardant used in this work had a great effect on the mechanisms of pyrolysis and combustion of PP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1978–1984, 2007
Blend membranes of chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) in pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Rao K. S. V. Krishna , Subha M. C. S. , Sairam M. , Mallikarjuna N. N. , Aminabhavi T. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBlend membranes of a natural polymer, chitosan, with a synthetic polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), were prepared by solution casting and crosslinked with a urea formaldehyde/sulfuric acid (UFS) mixture. Chitosan was used as the base component in the blend system, whereas PVA concentration was varied from 20 to 60 wt %. Blend compatibility was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study membrane crosslinking. Membranes were tested for pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 30°C in close proximity to their azeotropic compositions. Membrane performance was assessed by calculating flux and selectivity. Swelling experiments performed in water + organic mixtures at 30°C were used to explain the pervaporation results. The blend membrane containing 20 wt % PVA when tested for 5 and 10 wt % water–containing THF and isopropanol feeds exhibited selectivity of 4203 and 17,991, respectively. Flux increased with increasing concentration of water in the feed. Selectivity was highest for the 20 wt % PVA‐containing blend membrane. The results of this study are unique in the sense that the crosslinking agent used—the UFS mixture—was novel. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1918–1926, 2007
Ink and moisture sorption study in UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate
Authors: Tey J. N. , Soutar A. M. , Priyadarshi A. , Mhaisalkar S. G. , Hew K. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA study of the interaction of commercial black ink with a UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) is presented. Diffusivity and solubility in PUA cured using different UV dosages, and subjected to different post‐UV curing conditions, were studied, as was the swelling produced by such sorption. Experiments were also conducted using water, to serve as a benchmark and compare with the effect of ink. The percentage ink absorption was found to decrease with higher degree of cure. In addition, through desorption measurements, ink induced swelling of PUA processed under different conditions was determined. The degree of swelling per unit solvent uptake was observed to increase with the degree of cure. PUA was determined to be more prone to moisture rather than solvent uptake. However, the coefficient of moisture expansion (CME) was found to be ∼ 35% lower than the coefficient of ink expansion (CIE) for a fully cured PUA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JAppl PolymSci 103: 1985–1991, 2007
In vitro degradation of dry‐jet‐wet spun poly(lactic acid) monofilament and knitted scaffold
Authors: Gupta Bhuvanesh , Revagade Nilesh , Hilborn Jöns 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn vitro degradation behavior of dry‐jet‐wet spun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) monofilament and knitted scaffold were studied at three different pH i.e., at 4.6, 7.4, and 8.0 at 37°C for 20 weeks. Characterization of PLA by intrinsic viscosity, thermal properties, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out. It is observed that the pH of the medium has significant role on degradation behavior of PLA. The degradation at pH 4.6 is observed to be maximum, which is confirmed by the drop of 52% in intrinsic viscosity. The degradation process has effect on the hydrophobicity of the PLA. The decrease in contact angle from 73° to 48° indicates that the PLA surface tends to become more hydrophilic as the degradation proceeds. The SEM analysis showed that with the degradation, surface deterioration takes place. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2006–2012, 2007
Enzymatic degradation of poly(L‐lactic acid) fibers: Effects of small drawing
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Kidokoro Yuki , Mochizuki Masatsugu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe enzymatic degradation of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers with different low draw ratios (1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 times) was investigated in tris‐HCl buffer solution (pH = 8.6) with proteinase K by the use of gravimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile testing. Surprisingly, even the small drawings (1.2 and 1.4 times) disturbed the proteinase K catalyzed enzymatic degradation of the PLLA fibers. This should have been because the enzyme could not attach to the extended (strained) chains in the amorphous regions of the uniaxially oriented PLLA fibers or could not catalyze the cleavage of the strained chains. The accumulation of crystalline residues formed as a result of selective cleavage, and removal of the amorphous chains was not observed, even for as‐spun PLLA fibers. This indicated the facile release of formed crystalline residues from the surface of the as‐spun PLLA fibers during enzymatic degradation. Such release may have been because the crystalline regions of the as‐spun PLLA fibers were oriented with their c axis parallel to the machine direction, as reported for biaxially oriented PLLA films. Gravimetry, SEM, and tensile testing could trace the enzymatic degradation of the PLLA fibers, although the enzymatic degradation of the PLLA fibers was untraceable by GPC and DSC. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2064–2071, 2007
Ionic elastomers based on carboxylated nitrile rubber and magnesium oxide
Authors: Ibarra L. , Alzorriz M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe crosslinking of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) with magnesium oxide (MgO) leads to an ionic elastomer with thermoplastic nature and better physical properties than the ones obtained with other metallic oxides. The crosslinking reaction leads to the formation of a metallic salt as unique product, as it could be seen on the ATR analysis of the samples, prepared at different reaction times. The mechanical properties of the material increase with the amount of crosslinking agent and segregation of an ionic microphase takes place. The presence of this microphase is demonstrated by a relaxation at high temperatures. The apparent activation energy of this relaxation is smaller than the activation energy of the glass transition of the elastomer, the former being more dependent on the amount of metallic oxide than is the latter. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1894–1899, 2007
Understanding journal usage: A statistical analysis of citation and use
Authors: McDonald John D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between print journal use, online journal use, and online journal discovery tools with local journal citations. Local use measures were collected from 1997 to 2004, and negative binomial regression models were designed to test the effect that local use, online availability, and access enhancements have on citation behaviors of academic research authors. Models are proposed and tested to determine whether multiple locally recorded usage measures can predict citations and if locally controlled access enhancements influence citation. The regression results indicated that print journal use was a significant predictor of local journal citations prior to the adoption of online journals. Publisher‐provided and locally recorded online journal use measures were also significant predictors of local citations. Online availability of a journal was found to significantly increase local citations, and, for some disciplines, a new access tool like an OpenURL resolver significantly impacts citations and publisher‐provided journal usage measures.
The changing nature of information work in museums
Authors: Marty Paul F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article presents results from 21 semi‐structured interviews with museum information professionals (MIPs) who were asked about their experiences working with information resources, tools, and technologies. Interviews were analyzed to determine (a) the challenges MIPs face as they adapt to changing technical capabilities and strive to meet the changing needs and expectations of museum users and (b) the coping mechanisms MIPs employ on the job that enable them to deal effectively with those challenges. This article explores the results of this analysis, exploring how MIPs cope with the changing nature of information work in museums by relying on thirteen different strategies including (a) assessing new technologies in relation to the museum's core mission, (b) helping museum professionals embrace new ideas about information access and provision, and (c) promoting internal practices that encourage the sharing of information and the integration of information science into museum work. This article also discusses the implications of these challenges and strategies for current and future MIPs, and assesses their impact on changing perceptions, roles, and research for information professionals in museums as they work to meet the information needs of all museum users.
Amine‐Templated One‐Dimensional Metal Sulfates Including a Mixed‐Valent Fe Compound with a Half‐Kagome Structure
Authors: Behera J. N. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOrganically templated metal sulfates are relatively new. Six amine‐templated transition‐metal sulfates with different types of chain structures, including a novel iron sulfate with a chain structure corresponding to one half of the kagome structure, were synthesized by hydro/solvothermal methods. Amongst the one‐dimensional metal sulfates, [C10N2H10][Zn(SO4)Cl2] (1) is the simplest, being formed by corner‐linked ZnO2Cl2 and SO4 tetrahedra. [C6N2H18][Mn(SO4)2(H2O)2] (2) and [C2N2H10][Ni(SO4)2(H2O)2] (3) have ladder structures comprising four‐membered rings formed by SO4 tetrahedra and metal–oxygen octahedra, just as in the mineral kröhnkite. [C4N2H12][VIII(OH)(SO4)2]⋅H2O (4) and [C4N2H12][VF3(SO4)] (5) exhibit chain topologies of the minerals tancoite and butlerite, respectively. The structure of [C4N2H12][H3O][FeIIIFeII F6(SO4)] (6) is noteworthy in that it corresponds to half of the hexagonal kagome structure. It exhibits ferrimagnetic properties at low temperatures and the absence of frustration, unlike the mixed‐valent iron sulfate with the full kagome structure.