bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of cancer‐associated antigen 195, a circulating marker for colon cancer, and its relationship to carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Bray Kurtis R. , Gaur Pramod K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCA‐195 is a circulating cancer‐associated antigen defined by its reactivity with monoclonal antibody CC3C 195. The epitope with which this antibody reacts has previously been shown to be the Lewis A blood group antigen and its sialylated derivative.By using CC3C 195 as both capture and tracer antibody, serum levels of CA‐195 were measured with an immunoradiometric assay. CA‐195 was found to be elevated in the sera of 36 of 68 advanced colon cancer patients, 12 of 26 advanced liver cancer patients, 9 of 30 advanced breast cancer patients, and 4 of 19 advanced lung cancer patients. This is in contrast to healthy individuals, in which only 11 of 203 had elevated CA‐195, and to benign colon disease patients, which had 10 of 76 elevated. Benign breast disease patients, benign liver disease patients, and benign lung disease patients had 5 of 30, 6 of 25, and 2 of 30 sera with elevated CA‐195 levels, respectively. This elevation of serum CA‐195 was statistically significant in colon cancer patients compared to benign colon patients (P<.0001) or healthy individuals (P<.0001), as well as in liver cancer patients compared to benign liver patients (P < .025). Elevations in other conditions studied were not statistically significant. A separate panel of sera from staged, pretreatment colon cancer patients was also tested, and elevated CA‐195 was found in 6 of 17, 17 of 54, 10 of 18, and 12 of 17 patients which were staged Dukes A, 8, C, and D, respectively. Dukes C and/or D patients were significantly elevated compared to Dukes A and/or 6 (P<.0035), and all stages were significantly elevated compared to sera from healthy individuals (P<.0001). This indicates that the incidence of CA‐195 elevation increases as the disease progresses and suggests that CA‐195 may be a useful marker at all stages. Anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and anti CA‐195‐coated beads were used to immunodeplete specimens; CA‐195 epitopes were found to be present on the same molecular structure as CEA epitopes in tumors but not in patients' sera. This confirms the nature of CA‐195 as a separate cancer marker in patients' sera and suggests that cleavage of CA‐195 and CEA epitopes from a larger precursor moiety occurs prior to secretion into the serum.
Dot‐immunobinding assay with the globular domain of collagen type IV for antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies
Authors: Weber M. , Manns M. , Meyer zum Büschenfelde K.‐H. , Köhler H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA dot‐immunobinding assay for the detection of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies has been developed. The globular domain NC1 of basement membrane collagen type IV was used as antigen. The assay proved to be specific, sensitive, and reproducible. Circulating antibodies in each of 12 sera from patients with florid Goodpasture's syndrome could be demonstrated, whereas sera from patients with Goodpasture's syndrome in clinical remission and various control sera showed no reactivity. The advantages of the dot‐blot assay are: the usage of the purified Goodpasature target antigen NCI reduces unspecific binding of IgG; only minimal amounts of antigen are required to give a positive signal; evaluation of the assay is possible without expensive laboratory equipment; precoated nitrocellulose sheets can be stored for several months without loss of activity.
IgA With altered carbohydrate structure as a tumor‐associated marker in serum of cancer patients
Authors: Henslee Jerry G. , Rittenhouse Harry G. , Matias Matthew S. , Michael Hass G. , Schenck Jay R. , Tomita Joseph T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum IgA1 contains O‐linked carbohydrate structures, whereas other immuno‐globulins contain only N‐linked structures. An assay was developed which detects IgA1 by measuring the DGalβ(1–3) DGalNAc structures O‐linked to the IgA1 hinge region. Fifty percent of the serum specimens from cancer patients tested were elevated compared to 1% of the total normal serum specimens tested by this assay. The assay combines antibody (anti‐human IgA) and lectin and measures the DGalβ(1–3)DGalNAc structure in the IgA1 molecule accessible to lectin binding. Three lectins were compared–the lectins from Bauhinia purpurea alba, Maclura pomifera, and peanut agglutinin (PNA). PNA in the assay discriminated best between serum specimens from normal subjects and cancer patients and was chosen as the lectin component in the assay. The anti‐IgA‐PNA enzyme immunoassay was evaluated in a retrospective study of cancer patients. A panel of 845 serum specimens was tested and the results analyzed at three cutoff R values. The R value of a specimen is the ratio of the assay absorbance obtained for that test specimen with respect to the assay absorbance obtained for a pool of normal human sera. At a cutoff R value of 2.38, 1% normals and 26% benigns were elevated. The following cancer specimens had elevated R values: 52% lung, 60% colon, 43% head and neck, 35% breast, 64% kidney, 38% bladder, 43% prostate, 8% ovarian, and 67% pancreas. Further testing showed a significant percentage of serum specimens from patients with cirrhosis, pancreatitis, or ulcerative colitis also had elevated R values. No correlation of this assay was observed with CEA levels. The results suggest that the carbohydrate structure of serum IgA1 is altered by malignancies and that measurement of this altered IgA may supplement CEA testing.
Sandwich immunoassay for the detection of lipoteichoic acid
Authors: Tadler Monica B. , Tice George , Wos Susan M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sandwich immunoassay has been developed for the detection of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell wall constituent of gram‐positive bacteria, from whole blood and ISOLATOR supernate. Monoclonal antibodies were produced to purified LTA from Streptococcus mutans, BHT and were further characterized for crossreactivity with gram‐positive and negative bacteria and for reactivity to substituted and unsubstituted LTA. Eight monoclonal antibodies were identified that reacted exclusively with gram‐positive bacteria. Those antibodies able to capture H‐LTA were chosen to develop a sandwich immunoassay. The assay has a sensitivity of 0.2 ng LTA/mL in PBS, 0.5 ng/mL in whole blood and 2.0 ng/mL in whole blood that has been processed through the ISOLATOR. Further development of this assay may lead to the rapid detection of LTA from body fluids.
Influence of methisoprinol (lsoprinosine) on hiv‐infected human lymphocytes: In vitro immunological, virological, and ultrastructural studies
Authors: De Simone Claudio , DeMarco Federico , Arancia Giuseppe , Tzantzoglou Sonia , Paradisi Silvia , Sorice Franco 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMethisoprinol (isoprinosine) is a synthetic compound with reported antiviral and immunomodulating properties. Results of the present study showed that methisoprinol at concentrations ≥ 200 μg/ml reduces the p24 and gp120 viral antigen expression on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected lymphocytes and the reverse transcriptase levels. In addition, cell viability, the number of the CD4 + cells, and the CD4 + /CD8+ cell ratio are higher in methisoprinol‐pretreated cell suspensions than in untreated HIV‐infected cell cultures. A quantitative freeze‐fracture study on the density of the intramembranous particles (IMP) present on both fracture faces of the plasma membrane of lymphocytes has shown that pretreatment with methisoprinol induces a different molecular organization resulting in a nearly three times increase of IMP density.
Human monoclonal antibodies reactive with colon carcinoma: Identification by a novel screening procedure with xenografts
Authors: Kan‐Mitchell June , Formenti Silvia C. , Mitchell Malcolm S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo identify tumor‐associated antigens immunogenic to man, human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated by fusing regional lymph node lymphocytes (LNLs) of each of three colon adenocarcinoma patients with the M5 mouse myeloma cell line. Heterohybridomas in 19 wells secreted human immunoglobulin (lg) for at least 60 days. To identify immunoreactive MAbs, we devised an immunohistochemical assay with xenografts of six colon tumors. Binding was visualized with a biotin‐conjugated goat antihuman lg antibody followed by an avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex. This assay detected binding with a sensitivity of 0.5 ug/ml human lg. Reactivity against tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) in frozen sections of the colon xenografts was detected in 14 of the 19 supernates. However, only nine (three IgGs, five lgMs and one IgA) were reactive against formalin‐fixed sections, showing that formalin‐fixation destroyed some but not all antigenicity. Four MAbs were cloned and tested against the entire panel of 19 xenografts. One IgM MAb reacted only against colon carcinomas, while the other three (one each of IgA, IgG and IgM) had broader reactivities. Three of the four human MAbs did not cross‐react with melanomas. In summary, human regional lymph nodes contain a high proportion of B lymphocytes sensitized to the autochthonous tumor. Immunostaining of human colon tumor xenografts can readily identify human MAbs reactive with colon carcinomas.
Analysis of peroxidase negative acute leukemias by monoclonal antibodies: III. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Imamura Nobutaka , Kuramoto Atsushi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeripheral‐blood leukemic cells from 45 patients with peroxidase negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which did not express either myeloid or megakaryocyte‐platelet‐related cell surface antigens, were analyzed by using monoclonal antibodies capable of recognizing T‐ or B‐cell‐associated and/or T‐ or 6‐cell‐restricted antigens. Numerous subclasses of ALL, including B‐cell lineage leukemias and T‐cell lineage leukemias, were identified phenotypically and immunophenotypically in an effort to more accurately characterize the heterogeneous ALLs, their states of differentiation, and their relationships to normal B‐ and T‐lymphoid cells. Among the cases studied, only seven (15.6%) were found to have stem cell (undifferentiated) leukemia (la+, CD24+, CD9+, CD34+). It is concluded that the use of monoclonal antibodies for the characterization of heterogeneous ALLs improves the specificity of leukemia classification, which may contribute to the selection of more effective forms of therapy for the types of leukemia identified.
Characteristics and distribution of receptors for [d‐trp6]‐ luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone, somatostatin, epidermal growth factor, and sex steroids in 500 biopsy samples of human breast cancer
Authors: Fekete Matyas , Wittliff James L. , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBinding capacities and apparent dissociation constants of receptors for [D‐Trp6]‐luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone ([D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH), somatostatin (SS‐14), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and estrogen and progesterone were determined in 500 breast cancer specimens using multipoint assays. Specific binding sites greater than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein for estrogen were found in 408 carcinomas (81.6%), and for progesterone in 340 specimens (68%). High affinity EGF receptors were present in membrane preparations from 335 samples (67%). In 260 of 500 samples (52%), two classes of [D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH membrane receptor sites were also detected, one class showing high affinity and low capacity, and the other class showing low affinity and high capacity; 178 biopsy samples (35.6%) exhibited binding sites for SS‐14. Statistically significant inverse correlations were found between the binding capacities of estrogen and EGF receptors as well as between Bmax of progesterone and EGF receptors. Significant positive correlations were demonstrated between binding capacities of estrogen and progesterone and between Bmax of high affinity and low affinity binding sites of [D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH receptors. However, no correlation was found between the dissociation constants of different receptor sites in human breast cancer specimens. These results demonstrate that numerous human breast cancers, in addition to receptors for estrogen and progesterone, also show binding sites for EGF, [D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH and SS‐14. The methods described herein permit a routine quantification of receptor sites for [D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH, SS‐14, and EGF in membrane preparations of biopsy samples of breast cancer and can be used in conjunction with the determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in nuclear‐cytosolic extracts. The simultaneous measurements using a microanalytic approach allow the determination of peptide and steroid hormone receptors that might be involved in the response mechanisms of human breast cancer. It should be possible to correlate the levels of these receptors with clinical parameters to better identify endocrine‐responsive neoplasms. This approach might be useful to guide a rational hormonal therapy in women with breast cancer.
IgM to human cytomegalovirus: Comparison of two enzyme immunoassays and igm reactivity to viral polypeptides detected by immunoblotting
Authors: Re M. C. , Landini M. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIgM detection by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most used method of establishing a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy. In this paper, we discuss the results obtained assaying 1,000 sera from pregnant women by two ELISA kits: a traditional indirect ELISA and a more recent IgM‐capture ELISA. All the sera that gave a positive ELISA value with one or both kits were further tested by immunoblotting (IB) to establish which CMV polypeptides were detected by IgM antibodies. From the results obtained, IgM‐capture ELSA seems less sensitive than indirect ELISA, but correlates better with serological evidence of active CMV infections as judged by typical IB profiles.
Detection of a tumor‐associated glycoprotein antigen in serum and urine of melanoma patients by murine monoclonal antibody (AD1‐40F4) in enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Euhus David M. , Gupta Rishab K. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe urine of 68% of melanoma patients contains a high molecular weight glycoprotein which is expressed by melanoma cells and reacts with autologous antibody. Since high levels of this antigen in urine correlate with disease recurrence in surgically treated melanoma patients, it has been termed urinary tumor‐associated antigen (U‐TAA). We report the development of a murine monoclonal IgM antibody (AD1‐40F4), which is specific for U‐TAA. AD1‐40F4 showed the same pattern of reactivity as the allo‐antibodies previously used for the detection of U‐TAA. The antigen recognized by AD1‐40F4 has a high molecular weight (590– 620 kilodaltons [kd]) and is heat stable. The AD1‐40F4‐reactive epitope is a protein. When AD1‐40F4 was applied in an enzyme immunoassay, it allowed for the detection of U‐TAA in the serum of 64% (33/52) of melanoma patients as opposed to only 5% (1/20) of normal controls. Thus, the murine monoclonal antibody AD1‐40F4, which has been specifically developed against an allogeneic antibody defined antigen, U‐TAA, appears to be important for immuno‐prognosis of human melanoma.
Effect of azidothymidine (AZT) on P24 antigen levels in patients with AIDS‐related complex and AIDS
Authors: Reddy Mohan M. , McKinley George , Englard Arthur , Grieco Michael H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCirculating HIV P24 antigen levels at baseline and following AZT therapy were measured in 9 patients with ARC and 11 patients with AIDS. Eight of these patients had no detectable levels of P24. The P24 antigen levels in the remaining 12 patients decreased significantly after AZT treatment. Following discontinuation of AZT treatment in 2 patients, the P24 antigen levels went up. These results clearly demonstrate the efficacy of AZT in reducing P24 antigen levels in circulation.
Effect of a marine toxin on human peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Hokama Y. , Scheuer P. J. , Yasumoto T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of okadaic acid (OA), a non‐TPA (12‐0‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13—acetate)‐type tumor promoter, on interleukin 1 (IL‐1) synthesis in human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro was examined using immunofluorescence and the mouse thymocyte assays. Stimulation of IL‐1 was shown with 0.05 μg OA/ml (the peak response), while concentrations of greater than 1.0 μg OA/ml showed significant inhibition of IL‐1 synthesis by monocytes in the immunofluorescence analysis. Okadaic acid added directly to mouse thymocytes showed a peak response in IL‐1 synthesis at 0.01 μg OA/ml, while significant inhibition was shown for concentrations of OA greater than 0.1 μg ONA/ml. Supernatants of monocytes exposed to OA gave maximum stimulation at 0.05 μg OA/ml for both 24 and 48 hr exposures. Significant inhibition of IL‐1 synthesis in monocytes was shown by supernatants obtained from monocytes exposed 24 hr with 1.0 μg OA/ml. Addition of various concentrations of OA to monocyte cultures in the presence of increasing concentrations of monoclonal antibody to OA showed significant reduction of the inhibition of IL‐1 synthesis by OA at the 0.10 μg level, but more significantly at the 1.0 μg OA/ml level. The higher levels of OA associated with inhibition of IL‐1 synthesis in monocytes in this study were comparable to the concentrations used in the tumor promotion studies by others. The reversal of the inhibitory effect of OA by the monoclonal antibody to OA is of interest and should be applicable to further studies on the mechanism of OA tumor promotion.
Jacalin: A new laboratory tool in immunochemistry and cellular immunology
Authors: Aucouturier Pierre , Pineau Nathalie , Brugier Jean‐Christophe , Mihaesco Edith , Duarte Françoise , Skvaril Frantisek , Preud'homme Jean‐Louis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn recent years, a new lectin—jacalin—has raised the interest of immunologists because of its original properties with respect to human immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. Its structure and carbohydrate binding specifity are now well documented, and it can be purified easily from jackfruit seeds by ion exchange or affinity chromatography. The binding and precipitating specificities of jacalin with heavy chains of human immunoglobulins allow its use as a diagnostic (IgA subclass typing) and preparative tool (purification of IgA and IgD, removal of IgA from biologic samples and preparations). Other possible applications of jacalin's binding properties also can be envisaged. In addition, the lectin displays a mitogenic activity specific for human CD4 T‐lymphocytes; consequently, the proliferative response induced by jacalin appears to represent a new and interesting assay for a functional study of CD4 cells, with obvious applications in primary and acquired, especially AIDS, immune deficiency states.
Comparison of igg subclasses and complement binding activity of autoantibodies from patients with bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus
Authors: Brooks Walter S. , Lee Yue‐Yun , Abell Edward , Deng Jau‐Shyong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBullous pemphigoid and pemphigus are autoimmune disorders of skin of unknown etiology and are characterized by the presence of immunoreactants in the skin and circulating autoantibodies to skin components. The distribution of IgG subclass antibodies to intercellular substance (ICS) of pemphigus and basement membrane zone substance (BMZ) of bullous pemphigoid was analyzed by using monoclonal antibodies to human IgG subclasses. IgG, type anti‐BMZ antibody was found in the majority of patients with bullous pemphigoid (88% in skin and 96% in serum). One third to one half of bullous pemphigoid patients had lgG, and IgG, anti‐BMZ antibodies. The majority of bullous pemphigoid skin (92%) had complement in skin, however only one third of their sera had complement binding activity in vitro. lgG, anti‐ICS antibody was the predominant one in patients with pemphigus (86% in skin and 80% in circulation). IgG4 anti‐ICS antibody was seen in two thirds of specimens from pemphigus patients. IgG, subclass antibody was more frequently seen in pemphigus than in bullous pemphigoid patients. Two‐thirds of pemphigus sera were capable of activating complement in vitro. The complement binding activity was directly associated with IgG1 and/or IgG3 subclass antibodies. The possible mechanisms for the restricted IgG4 subclass antibodies in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus are discussed.
Effects of substance p on the spontaneous binding of salmonella minnesota r345 (rb) to human peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: De Simone Claudio , Misefari Aldo , Antonaci Salvatore , Maffione Angela B. , Jirillo Emilio , Covelli Vito 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of substance P (SP) on Salmonella minnesota R345 (Rb) binding to human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were evaluated. Two parameters of bacterial cytoadherence were considered, namely the binding lymphocytes (BL) and the number of bound‐bacteria/lymphocyte (BB). The results showed that SP inhibits both BL and BB in a significant manner. Furthermore, distribution of Salmonella binding to CD4+ and CD8 + lymphocytes was studied following SP pre‐treatment of lymphoid cells. This neuropeptide is able to hamper the bacterial cytoadherence to both T‐cell subpopulations and, in particular, the inhibitory effect on the T‐suppressor/cytotoxic subset was more pronounced.These findings are discussed in terms of SP intervention in the mechanism of host protection against invading microorganisms.
Serum levels of interleukin‐2 receptor and disease activity in patients with iga nephropathy
Authors: Tomino Yasuhiko , Ozaki Teruyo , Koide Hikaru , Takahashi Masayoshi , Ito Kiichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe levels of serum interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) were studied by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with IgA nephropathy. The aim of the present study was to determine if levels of serum IL‐2R might correlate with disease activity in patients with IgA nephropathy. Twenty‐eight patients with IgA nephropathy were examined.This study showed a significant correlation between the levels of serum IL‐2R and disease activities, i.e., levels of urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid, in patients with IgA nephropathy. The levels of serum IL‐2R in patients with moderate or advanced stage of IgA nephropathy were significantly higher than those in patients with the minimal or slight stage of this disease or in healthy adults. It was suggested that the measurement of serum IL‐2R is useful in evaluating the degree of disease activity and/or prognosis in patients with IgA nephropathy.
Human psychoneuroimmunology today
Authors: Biondi Massimo , Kotzalidis Giorgio D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractStudies in human psychoneuroimmunology began around 1919, but a systematic approach wasn't used until the work of Solomon in the 1960s. Recently, the new specialty has achieved relative independence due to considerable data acquisition.Stress research has revealed relationships between neuroendocrine and immune changes. In parallel, increasing evidence of immunological alterations in psychiatric diseases has expanded the field; presently, immunological correlates of psychosomatic diseases and personality are sought. On the other hand, while immunological disease has been psychologically assessed for many years, a clear‐cut link between psyche and immunological changes has yet to be shown. This fact, along with the therapeutic implications of advancing knowledge, will influence strongly the future trends of psychoneuroimmunology. Concepts emerging from the study of this field will be of heuristic value to both psychiatry and immunology and will help define new and expanded limits for both disciplines.