bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RECURRENT VOLVULUS OF THE SIGMOID COLON IN A YOUNG PATIENT
Authors: Myers N. A. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

A case of recurrent volvulus of the sigmoid colon in a young patient has been reported.
Attention has been drawn to the relative rarity of this condition and the absolutrarity in young patients.
A plea has been made for a uniform terminology in describing volvulus of the sigmoid colon.
Radiological examination is diagnostic;. at the same time it has been pointed out that redundancy of the sigmoid colon as an isolated feature is in no way related to the condition discussed and does not warrant operative treatment.
The treatment of recurrent volvulus of the sigmoid colon is sigmoid colectomy.
APOCRINE GLAND CARCINOMA (SWEAT GLAND CARCINOMA) OF THE BREAST
Authors: Wald M. , Kakulas B. A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn apocrine gland carcinoma of the breast occurring in a woman aged 71 years is reported, in which the pathological features, while being in general similar to those which have been described in the literature, presept the unique features of areas of squamous metaplasia and abundant iron pigment.
LARSEN‐JOHANSSON DISEASE
Authors: Pirotta T. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

A brief discussion of Larsen‐Johansson disease, its history, aetiology, clinical findings and treatment is given.
A plea is made to restrict the term “Larsen‐Johansson Disease” to cases presenting clinically with the typical features. A normal accessory ossific centre discovered accidentally on X‐rays should not be called a disease.
Two new cases are presented.
ILEO‐CUTANEOUS URETEROSTOMY IN CHILDREN:OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE AND COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Smith E. Durham 
Published: January 2008

Summary(1) Modifications in the technique of the operation of ileo‐cutaneous ureterostomy in paediatric conditions are described to emphasize.(a)the value of performing the operationin two stages‐the first to establish the ileal segment and ileostomy stoma, the second to complete the ureteric anastomosis. The post‐operative course has been smoother than hitherto, following the 2‐stage procedure, and free of any operative complications.(b)the importance of making the ileal segment no longer than 9 centimetres in order to reduce the absorptive area and thus avoid post‐operative hyperchloraemic acidosis.(c)that the actual ureteric anastomosis remains in an extraperitoneal plane.(d)that the site of the stoma must be higher in the lordotic child in order to avoid slipping of the ileostomy ring.(e)that the nipple of the stoma is kept small, only about 0.5 centimetre above the skin, to avoid its being trauma‐tised.(f)that the stoma is fashioned in an eversion technique which has eliminated the risk of stenosis by the use of protective skin flaps.(2) The operative complications are reviewed, and attention is drawn to the high incidence of stoma1 complications; purulent discharge from the disconnected bladder still presents a problem in management.
RENAL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION FROM THE CADAVER USING A MODIFIED TECHNIQUE
Authors: Johnson Neil , Marshall Vernon , Myers Kenneth A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA method of cadaver renal grafting is dexribed based on the patch technique of arterial anastomosis of Carrel and Guthrie (1906). It is fell that the method offers advantagesin potential shortening of ischaemic time and in the ease of anastomosis, particularly when multiple arteries are found.
CARCINOMA OF THE GALL‐BLADDER
Authors: Bennett R. C. , Jepson R. P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFifty‐six cases of carcinoma of the gall‐bladder occurring in two Adelaide teaching hospitals over a five‐year period have been reviewed. Eighty‐four per cent. of patients were over the age of 60 years at the time of diagnosis, and the majority of cases occurred in women. Gall‐stones were present in all except one patient in whom this could be verified. The prognosis, as in other series, proved to be very gloomy, and 61 per cent. of all cases were dead within three months of presentation. The three patients who survived longer than eighteen months, had lesions which were diagnosed as carcinoma only when the specimens were opened after operation.The incidence of carcinoma of the gall‐bladder in 0·5 per cent. of consecutiveroutine autopsies and 3·7 per cent. of patients undergoing surgery for gall‐bladder disease, is greater than in most reported series.The question of cholecystectomy for symptomless gall‐stones is discussed, and it is concluded that in otherwise fit patients this should be recommended, not only because of the risk of carcinoma, but also because of the numerous other troubles and hazards to which these patients are exposed.The more radical surgical approach to established disease by means of right hepatic lobectomy must have a very limited place in view of the age and poor general condition of the majority of patients.
SEVERE CHRONIC RELAPSING PANCREATITIS*
Authors: Wood IAN J. , Goldstein Gideon 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Seven patients complaining of severe pain suggestive of chronic relapsing pancreatitis were not controlled by medical means and a laparotomy was performed.2. Case I had normal findings at laparotomy and serves as a “contrast case.” In the 6 remaining cases chronic pancreatitis was confirmed. In one, wedge biopsy was performed distal to stenosis of the pancreatic duct with subsequent pancreatic leakage. Three cases were treated by distal pancreatectomy and Roux‐en‐Y pancreaticojejunal anastomosis 2 were rendered pain free and one succumbed 4 months after operation with pancreatic leakage. One case was treated by distal pancreatectomy and pancreatico‐gastrostomy, with moderate relief of pain for six months. One case was treated by distal pancreatectomy and oversewing of the stump as the duct was not patent there was relief of pain but she died seven months later from an unrelated cause.3. A regime is suggested by one of us (I.J.W.) for the management of patients with severe chronic relapsing pancreatitis unresponsive to medical treatment. This includes meticulous medical care both pre‐ and post‐operatively and an operative pancreaticogram to reveal the state of the pancreatic duct system, thus enabling a rational operative approach to be planned. Needle biopsy of the pancreas may be of value and our experience indicates that this is hazardous only if performed distal to obstruction of the pancreatic duct.4. Improved results in the treatment of this challenging disease will accrue from close co‐operation between surgeon, physician, radiologist and pathologist.
RETROCAVAL URETER
Authors: Campbell G. D. , Anderson J. C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryRetrocaval ureter is due to an abnormality in development of the inferior vena cava. The incidence has been estimated at one in 1,000 but the number of documented cases in the world literature is still far from high. This paper gives a follow up on the case published in 1949 by Anderson and Hynes in which they described their plastic operation on the pelvi‐ureteric junction. Two further cases are reported, both treated in a similar fashion together with 2 other asymptomatic cases. The methods of diagnosis are reviewed together with treatment.
HYDATID DISEASE OF THE LIVER ASSOCIATED WITH THE BUDD‐CHIARI SYNDROME
Authors: Cox John S. T. , Seymour A. E. , Clarkson A. R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe case presented is that of a young male railway worker who presented with diarrhoea and abdominal distension. His history included an attack of jaundice two years prior to admission.Difficulty in diagnosis was due to ascites, an enlarged irregular liver, a 4 plus hydatid complement fixation test and a positive Casoni test. In view of the latter two investigations, it was almost certain that hydatid disease existed but the presence of malignancy and cirrhosis was not so certain. This was resolved at operation.An attempt was made to relieve the portal hypertension and hepatic vein occlusion by anastomosis of the inferior vena cava to the superior mesenteric vein.Autopsy confirmed the presence of cirrhosis with hydatid cysts in the liver and occlusion of the hepatic veins by one of them and the resultant Budd‐Chiari syndrome.
EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION USING A DISPOSABLE BUBBLE OXYGENATOR FOR OPEN HEART SURGERY IN CHILDREN*
Authors: Fisk G. C. , Cohen D. H. , Gengos D. C. , Steedman D. M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDisposable “Travenol” oxygenators are used for high flow perfusions using diluted blood with moderate hypothermia.A heat‐exchanger is placed in the venous line from the patient.Blood is collected on the afternoon prior to surgery.Clinical and laboratory data from fifty patients are presented and discussed.This technique has proved to be simple, flexible and satisfactory.
A PUMP TECHNIQUE FOR RADIAL‐CAROTID BY‐PASS
Authors: Harris J. D. , Rees V. E. , Jepson R. P. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. a technique using a radial‐carotid by‐pass is described, involving a rotary pump designed to have a variable, but predetermined, volume output.2. its use in 14 cases is described and it is suggested that it is most clearly indicated where advanced major cerebro‐vascular disease exists or where occlusion of the carotid has been shown to be deleterious.3. other methods of shunting are reviewed and some of their disadvantages outlined.
A LIGHT and ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL STUDY OF COLLAGEN DEGENERATION
Authors: Mitchell R. E. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. an electron microscopical study of skin with severe collagen degeneration showed that there are changes in elastic, collagen and reticular fibres which lead to a great reduction in the amount of organized fibrous tissue present in the dermis.2. the collagen fibrils, which are normally formed by tightly packed, strictly aligned filaments, were degraded with the release of the filaments to form disorientated masses.3. it is suggested that the material which stains like elastin in the dermis is derived from both elastin and collagen. there is hypertrophy and dispersion of elastic fibres, which have degraded collagen added to their surface. there is also a change of narrow bands of the degraded collagen masses to a material looking like elastin.4. the walls of the small blood‐vessels are profoundly altered, and it is considered that these changes would alter their permeability and therefore affect the nutrition of the overlying epidermis.
TERATOMA OF THE NECK IN THE ADULT
Authors: Kemp Donald R. 
Published: January 2008

Summarya case of malignant teratoma of the neck in an 85‐year‐old female is reported. successful surgical removal has resulted in no sign of recurrence after seven months.a review of the literature reveals 7 other similar cases, 4 of which were malignant, and of the 3 benign lesions, one was a recurrent tumour appearing 23 years after neonatal excision.although the age of presentation ranges from 23 to 85 years, the onset of growth as seen by the patient occurs in young adulthood.operation was performed on 7 of the patients without mortality. of the 4 patients whose tumours were malignant, at least 2 died of metastatic spread within ten months of operation.at least 4 of the tumours were examples of teratoma of the thyroid gland, and one case bore no relation to it whatsoever.malignant features are common, occurring in 5 cases. these are often of an anaplastic nature, the sarcomatous element appearing to predominate. on the other hand, 3 of the growths were benign and another (author's case) almost certainly so for many years.
Emphysematous Cholecystitis: An Unusual Form of Presentation
Authors: BOerema W. J. , MCwilliam R. A. 
Published: January 2008

The clinical features and pathology of emphysematous cholecystitis are briefly discussed. A description follows of a case which defied correct preoperative diagnosis in virtue of the presence of gas under the diaphragm without gas in the gallbladder wall or lumen.Summary1. Less than 150 cases of emphysematous cholecystitis have been described in the world literature. These all showed gas in the gall‐bladder wall or lumen, recognized either on X‐ray examination or at operation.2. A case is described where the preoperative X‐ray films showed free gas under the diaphragm and nowhere else. Laparotomy was undertaken with the provisional diagnosis of perforated viscus. An acutely inflamed gall‐bladder containing gas was removed. The patient died after operation; post‐mortem examination revealed gas in the spleen, an impacted stone at the ampulla of Vater and a necrotic liver and pancreas.3. A possible cause of pancreatitis other than one implicating the impacted stone is put forward.4. The frequent presence of clostridia in the biliary system
The Surgical Treatment of Pyloric Obstruction due to Peptic Ulceration
Authors: GILLETT DAVID J. , PHEILS MURRAY T. 
Published: January 2008

The results of surgery in 232 cases of peptic ulcer complicated by pyloric obstruction have been reviewed and the results of different operative procedures compared.SummaryIn this series vagotomy and drainage gave much better results in the presence of pyloric obstruction than in the treatment of peptic ulcer in general, whereas the results of Pólya gastrectomy appear marginally worse. It appears that the risk of stomal ulceration is the major difference, as the stomal ulcer rate for vagotomy and drainage in the presence of pyloric obstruction was 2% as compared with 8% in the total series. Conversely, the incidence of stomal ulcer following gastrectomy appears to be slightly increased. These findings suggest that vagotomy with drainage is the treatment of choice in pyloric obstruction.
Posterior Fracture‐Separation of the Lower Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: PHILLIPS PETER J. 
Published: January 2008

A case of posterior fracture‐separation of the lower femoral epiphysis is reported. Correction of the deformity by anterior wedge osteotomy produced a good functional result.SummaryA case of fracture‐separation of the lower femoral epiphysis, treated after a period of four months by anterior wedge osteotomy, is described. A good functional result was obtained.
A Different Approach Permitting Portal‐Systemic Shunt for Extrahepatic Portal Thrombosis1
Authors: MARTIN LESTER W. 
Published: January 2008

Studies of the anatomy and pathology in children with extrahepatic portal thrombosis and portal hypertension have shown that the portal vein is generally free of thrombosis for a distance of 1'5 to 2 cm beyond the junction of the superior mesenteric with the splenic vein. In nine children, it has been possible to dissect out this stump of portal vein and anastomore it directly in an end‐to‐side fashion to either the vena cavn or to the central portion of the left renal vein where it crosses anterior to the aorta. The spleen is not removed. The operation can be employed successfully following previous splenectomy, or following a previous unsuccessful conventional splenorenal shunt. Follow‐up evalution has been gratifying, with apparent relief of portal hypertension in each instance.SummaryIn extrahepatic block, the portal vein is generally free of disease for a distance sufficient to permit its division and an end‐to‐side anastomosis to the vena cava or the left renal vein near the cava.In our experience with nine consecutive patients, this has proved to be a successful and effective means of portal decompression. No adverse effects have been encountered relative to Eck fistula in the growing child.
The Present Status of Surgery in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Hip Joint1
Authors: MCNEUR J. CLARKE 
Published: January 2008

The surgical management of degenerative conditions affecting the hip joint has undergone very radical changes over a number of years, necessitating a reassessment of our approach to this common problem. When considering surgery, it is important to recognize the main types of degenerative joint, which may present subluxation, or concentric or atrophic changes. The type of joint change as well as age, sex and multiplicity of joint problems must be considered in helping one to determine the appropriate operative management. This paper attempts to assess the present value of, and indications for, osteotomy, arthrodesis, and partial replacement arthroplasty in the light of recent developments in surgery of the degenerative hip joint. It is concluded that high femoral osteotomy and total hip replacement arthroplasty are the two most useful procedures available, and that other operations have only limited application in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip joint.SummaryIn conclusion, therefore, it is considered that cup arthroplasty and partial replacement arthroplasty have little place in the treatment of degenerative and rheumatic hip disease. Arthrodesis is indicated in very few patients, but it can be particularly indicated in a fit young man undertaking heavy physical work.The two operative procedures considered to be of value in the treatment of degenerative hip disease are high femoral osteotomy and total hip replacement. When these are used according to a number of well‐defined criteria, a high percentage of satisfactory results can be expected. Both procedures have problems. Osteotomy fails to achieve a high standard of normal function, and non‐union at the osteotomy site is a possibility. Total hip replacement can be complicated by loosening of the prosthesis, by wearing of the prosthetic socket, and rarely, by infection of the prosthetic joint.
Complications following the Early Treatment of Hand Injuries: An Analysis of 100 Cases1
Authors: CONOLLY W. B. 
Published: January 2008

During 1970 and 1971, 100 major complications of treated hand injuries were referred to the Sydney Hospital Hand Clinic for further treatment. There were 21 cases of necrosis or infection complicating soft‐tissue injuries, 26 cases of severe stiffness complicating fractures and joint injuries, and 39 cases of loss of motor power and sensation complicating tendon and nerve injuries. There were 14 miscellaneous complications. A large proportion of these complications were probably preventable. Common errors and correct treatment are discussed.SummaryThe application alone of the principles described could probably have prevented a large proportion of the 100 major complications of early treated hand injuries reported in this series. It is the early treatment which decides the final outcome. Skeletal stiffness and failed tendon and nerve repairs may lead to permanent disability. It is far easier to prevent than to cure complications of hand injuries.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Patella
Authors: Srivastava K. K. , Ahuja S. C. , Kochhar V. L. 
Published: January 2008

A case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the patella is reported, bringing the total number of s:uh lesions so far recorded as occurring in this site to four.SummaryA case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the patella, the patient presenting with a displaced transverse fracture, is reported. She was successfully treated by total patellectomy. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination.
Appendicitis Causing Acute Intestinal Obstruction with Strangulation
Authors: Bose S. M. , Talwar B. L. 
Published: January 2008

Two cases are reported of acute intestinal obstruction associated with strangulation, each due to acute appendicitis. In one patient, appendicectomy was sufficient to cure the condition. but in the other, resection of about five feet of gangrenous ileum was required.SummaryTwo cases of acute intestinal obstruction caused by an acutely inflamed appendix encircling a loop of ileum are presented. In one case the gangrenous ileal segment had to be excised. This is a rare complication of a common disease.
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy: Report of a Case
Authors: Singh Ajmer , Singh Amarjit , Khanna S. D. , Kanta Shashi 
Published: January 2008

A case of melanotic neuroectodermal tumour occurring in a seven‐month‐old male infant is reported. The atiopaihogenesis, clinical features, treatment and prognosis of the condition are discussed. Tumours of the join in infancy are extremely rare, and pigmented tumours still rarer. One such case of pigmented tumour of the maxilla is the subject of this report.SummaryA case history of a seven‐month‐old male who had a melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy of the right upper jaw has been presented. The literature on the subject has been reviewed, and its setiohistogenesis has been discussed in detail. It has been widely accepted that the tumour arises from congeni‐tally displaced neural crest tissue. The classic clinical picture and the amenability of the tumour to radical cure by thorough surgical excision are stressed.
BURNS IN CHILDHOOD: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY
Authors: P. PEGG STUART , GREGORY J. J. , HOGAN P. G. , MOTTARELLY I. W. , WALKER L. F. 
Published: January 2008

The epidemiology of 382 burns admitted to the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, is reviewed. Accidents due to burn trauma are disproportionately common among children when compared with adults, and during childhood years make up a sizable proportion of all injuries, in addition to the immediate physical trauma, there can be severe psychological consequences as well as severe disturbances to family life. Seventy per cent of the children In this series were normal active children less than four years of age, who were too young to learn that certain things are dangerous, and for this group preventative measures must be directed towards the parents. Possible methods of prevention of burns In children are discussed, and It Is tragic that the very traits that make young children so engaging also lead them to accidental burn injuries. Their only hope of prevention lies In increased parental concern.SummaryA survey has been done of 382 burns admitted to the Burns Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, over a five and a half year period, there being 250 males and 132 females. The cause of these burns is described, particularly the common causes such as kitchen scalds, bath scalds, petrol burns and clothes burns, as well as predisposing causes. These are discussed to give an overall picture of the epidemiology of childhood burns. The comparison is made with other series from Australia, and possible methods of preventing these injuries are discussed.It is tragic that the very traits that make young children so engaging also lead them to accidental burn injury. The only hope of prevention lies in an increased parental concern.
THE USE OF THE URETERIC STENT
Authors: RUSSELL JOHN M. , CLARKE STEPHEN J‐ , BOYCE WILLIAM H. 
Published: January 2008

The use and placement of ureteric stents either endoscopically or as part of an open procedure are outlined. The ureteric stent can replace the pyelostomy or nephrostomy tube and significantly reduce the postoperative morbidity.SummaryWe feel that ureteric stents do permit primary healing following procedures such as pyelotomy, ureterotomy, and nephrotomy. Stents are well tolerated by the patient, help to improve the comfort of the convalescent period, and decrease the incidence of wound infection, stricture, and fistula. Problems with ureteric stents are rare and are easily managed.The extra effort required to insert a ureteric stent is insignificant compared with its advantages, and we recommend its adoption. We believe that for too long surgeons have tolerated postoperative urine leakage as inevitable, but it need not be. With adequate internal drainage associated with meticulous surgical repair, urine leakage and proximal urinary diversion should be phenomena of the past.