bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric tracheostomy
Authors: Newlands W. J. , McKerrow W. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifty-seven operations on 53 patients represents the total experience of tracheostomy in children under 13 years during 1964–1985 in an area with half a million inhabitants. No complications occurred during surgery and no deaths were related to the operations. Complications followed 16 out of 30 (53%) operations on children under three years and four out of 27 (15%) of the remainder, an overall complication rate of 35%. Many fewer operations have been required since 1973 because of the successful employment of nasotracheal intubation in the treatment of upper and lower airway obstruction caused by acute infection. Obstruction by-pass remains the commonest function of tracheostomy, with congenital lesions and trauma now the commonest causes of obstruction as opposed to acute infection in the earlier years. Despite the successful use of nasotracheal intubation there were absolute indications for tracheostomy—blockage of the nasotracheal tube; inability to intubate a child with epiglottitis; and necessity for an artificial airway of long duration.
Antroscopy via the inferior meatal route under local anaesthetic:
Authors: Pfleiderer A. G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAntroscopy has been shown to have a significant role to play in the management of chronic sinus disease. A technique, performed via the inferior meatus, is described which has been used successfully in 103 patients under local anaesthetic. Particular attention has been paid to the practical problems and pitfalls which may be encountered and how they may be overcome. Vasovagal symptoms were the commonest adverse effect, occurring in 15 patients; otherwise the associated morbidity was encouragingly low. It is concluded that antroscopy performed with a good technique can be a rewarding procedure suitable for use in the outpatient department.
The successful closure of a colono-cutaneous fistual in the neck
Authors: Morrison G. A. J. , Breach N. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case is presented of the successful closure of a colono-cutaneous fistula in the neck, which developed twenty-one years after pharyngo-laryngectomy. A pectoralis major muscle flap and a delto-pectoral skin flap were used.
The value of computerized tomography (CT) in the evaluation of the anatomic structure of the attic
Authors: Savi´ D. , Jašović A. , Djerić D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBy the use of computerized tomography (CT) the authors have examined and precisely defined the radiological anatomical characteristics of the attic and its relation to other structures of the middle and inner ear. The identification of individual morphological structures has been made on axial, semi-axial and frontal CT sections. Each type of original CT section has been compared with the corresponding original anatomical section.
Minitracheotomy and laryngeal function
Authors: Campbell J. B. , Watson M. G. , Povey L. , Shenoi P. M. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe ‘minitracheotomy’ i.e. an indwelling narrow-bore endotracheal tube which is inserted via the cricothroid membrane to provide access for the removal of secretions from the tracheobronchial tree following major thoracic and abdominal surgery, has recently been developed. In order to investigate whether its use may be injurious to the larynx, a prospective study was carried out assessing laryngeal function pre- and post-operatively in 14 patients, No permanent changes in laryngeal function were found and it was concluded that, when used for shourt post-operative periods, the larynx is not adversely effected.
Acute and acute-on-chronic mastoiditis
Authors: Mathews T. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOne hundred and thirty patients with acute-on-chronic mastoiditis were managed by the ENT Department of Groote Schuur Hospital between 1980 and 1984 inclusive. Seventy-four patients had cholesteatomas, of whom 78.4 per cent had intracranial extension and 44.6 per cent had intradural extension of the infection. In contrast, of the 56 patients without cholesteatomas, only 23.2 per cent had intracranial extension of the infection. These may be rare conditions in some privileged parts of the world but their lethal potential requires all ENT surgeons to be competent in their management.
An improved technique for the study of immunofluorescence using non-decalcified frozen guinea pig cochlea
Authors: Soliman A. M. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA technique for producing frozen sections from the non-decalcified guinea pig cochlea is described. The sections can be utilised or various immunofluorescent studies, including the detection of humoral anti-bodies against different cellular elements in patients with cochleo-vestibular disorders. The technique assures the preservation of the cochlear architecture and the tissue antigenicity, and it avoids damage to the fine cochlear structural details.
Tracheostomal reconstruction using a fenestrated deltopectoral skin flap
Authors: East Charles A. , Flemming A. F. Stewart , Brough Michael D. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTracheostomal stenosis following laryngectomy can prevent satisfactor rehabilitation of a patient, and may be difficult to correct. A reconstructive technique using a flap within a deltopectoral flap to treat this condition is described.
Local rifampicin in treatment of rhinoscleroma
Authors: Gamea A. M. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryMany antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents and other chemicals have been tried in the treatment of scleroma without much success (Toppozada et al, 1967). The most popular of these drugs are streptomycin and aureomycin (Botros et al, 1954; Zwiefach, 1955; El-Mofty, 1962), terramycin and chloromycetin (Hoover and King, 1953) and ampicillin, septrin and vibramycin (Ssali, 1975).El-Mofty and Attia (1957) attributed considerable value to the use of 20 per cent aureomycin ointment locally in treating the disease. Nigonol in the form of a local injection was tried by Toppozada et al. (1967) and they claimed good results. Shaer et al. (1981) reported that local application of 2 per cent acriflavine solution over an eight-week period was an effective and safe remedy for rhinoscleroma.Rifampicin has been used systemically with success as a new antibiotic for the treatment of scleroma (Riad, 1982). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of rhinoscleroma to local medication with rifampicin.selected for this study. The cases were diagnosed by clinical, histopathological (Fig. 1) and bacteriological data. Twelve cases were in the atrophic stage while eighteen were in the granulomatous stage of the disease. Rifampicin was applied locally into the nose in two forms:1. Nasal instillations: used mainly in the atrophic cases. One ampoule of rifampicin (Rifocin-Lepetit®) 125 mg. diluted in 20 ml. saline solution was used and 2 ml. of the solution was applied twice daily.2. Nasal infiltration: used mainly in the granulomatous cases. One ampoule of rifampicin (Rifocin-Lepetit®) 125 mg. was infiltrated into the granulomas every other day.Treatment was continued for eight weeks. Punch bio-spies were taken from the nasal lesions after four and eight weeks during the course of therapy and six months after the cessation of treatment. Biopsies were fixed, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with H and E. Part of each specimen was submitted to bacteriological studies for the isolation of K. rhi-noscleromatis (Levine, 1951).
Chronic labyrinthine ischemia
Authors: Rubinstein Moshe , Hildesheimer Minka , Muchnik Chava 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to describe the audiological and vestibular deficit in patients presumed to suffer from chronic impairment of the blood supply to the labyrinth. Thirty-nine subjects affected by various pathologies often impairing systemic blood circulation, which also presented labyrinthine damage of unclear origin, were evaluated for a possible relationship between these two conditions. At the time of this study 80 per cent of the subjects showed also a certain degree of increased blood viscosity. The most common finding in the group was slow and progressive bilateral sensorineural loss of hearing. In most of the subjects the labyrinthine damage began with high-tone loss which, in time, became a flat curve. Less common, but still found in many patients, was a fluctuation in threshold. Short periods of spontaneous subjective improvement in hearing were accompanied by a better result in the Pure Tone Audiogram and Speech Reception Threshold. The discrimination scores remained generally lower than expected. Vestibular examination revealed pathological results for all the subjects in at least some of the tests. The mild subjective complaints concerning equilibrium could be explained by a central nervous system compensation.
The effects of D and L Isomers of menthol upon nasal sensation of airflow
Authors: Eccles R. , Griffiths D. H. , Newton C. G. , Tolley N. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective and subjective measurements of nasal airflow were made before and after inhalation of Vanilla, D-Menthol and L-Menthol separately. Despite the fact that the menthol isomers were mirror images of one another, only L-Menthol produced the sensation of increased nasal airway patency. No objective change in resistance was found after inhaling either D-Menthol, L-Menthol or the vanilla control. These findings demonstrate that L-Menthol exerts a specific action upon nasal sensory nerve endings, which are responsible for the subjective appreciation of nasal airflow.
Comparison of cocaine and lignocaine as intranasal local anaesthetics
Authors: Jonathan D. A. , Violaris N. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe relative efficacy of Cocaine and Lignocaine as local anaesthetic agents in the nose were compared. Twenty-five patients undergoing bilateral intra-nasal antroscopy under local anaesthetic were used as their own controls when one nasal cavity was anaesthetised with Cocaine and the other with Lignocaine. On 56 per cent of occasions the patients experienced no difference in the level of discomfort. However, on 36 per cent of occasions Cocaine was noted to give better subjective anaesthesia as compared with 8 per cent of occasions when Lignocaine was superior.
Vascular leiomyoma of the inferior turbinate–report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Hanna G. S. , Akosa A. B. , Ali M. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLeiomyoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is rare. It constitutes about 1 per cent of all benign tumours. This is due to the paucity of smooth muscle in the nose.In this paper, the authors present one case of vascular leiomyoma which arose in the inferior turbinate in a 64-year-old lady. It was treated by partial turbinectomy with the relief of her symptoms of nasal obstruction, epistaxis and facial pain.The English literature on the topic is reviewed.
Strategy and benefits of acoustic neuroma searching
Authors: Moffat D. A. , Hardy D. G. , Baguley D. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdvances in audiological, radiological and microsurgical techniques have enabled otologists to diagnose and excise very small acoustic tumours with a low morbidity and mortality. Is this cost effective?In an attempt to answer this question, an analysis of 66 cases of surgically treated acoustic neuromas is presented. This represents part of a series of skull base procedures carried out at Addenbrooke's Hospital over the last five years. As a result of this work an investigative protocol is suggested. By studying the relative morbidity of early and late surgical intervention in these cases, and by costing the exercise, the justification for early diagnosis and treatment is presented both in financial and human terms.
Role of post-operative electroneuronography in predicting facial nerve recovery after acoustic neuroma removal: a pilot study
Authors: Croxson G. R. , Moffat D. A. , Hardy D. G. , Baguley D. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractComplete clinical facial paralysis immediately after acoustic neuroma removal occurs in between 40 to 90 per cent of patients despite the fact that the facial nerve has been preserved anatomically. Some of these patients improve rapidly with adequate cosmetic and functional recovery. Others however, have incomplete or no return of useful function.A pilot study to assess the prognostic value of electroneuronography (ENOG) in 14 patients following acoustic neuroma removal was performed. The results suggest that post operative ENOG is of value in dividing those patients with anatomically intact facial nerves yet complete clinical paralysis post-operatively into groups: one with rapid improvement to an acceptable functional and cosmetic result and one with prolonged paralysis with incomplete or no recovery. Electroneuronography may thus be used to predict the initial recovery profile in patients with complete facial paralysis after surgery.
Cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal in hemifacial hypertrophy (hyperplasia)
Authors: Gadre Arun K. , Gadre K. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCongenital hemifacial hypertrophy is an extremely rare condition. At the time of writing this article, there have been 37 cases reported in the literature. Of these, only two have appeared in the otolaryngologic literature. Cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal (EAC) in hemifacial hypertrophy has not been reported before. This article reports one such case, and discusses the classification of hemihypertrophies. A review of the literature is included in the discussion. Management of cholesteatomas of the external auditory canal is also touched upon. A new theory for the peculiar site selection of cholesteatomas of the external auditory canal is postulated.
Morphology of a columellaform stapes
Authors: Maelea C. Vande , Cauwenberge P. Van , Kluyskens P. , Vakaet L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA columellaform stapes found in male patient 18 years old with a conductive hearing loss, has been examined by SEM and light microscopy. The ossicle was smaller than a normal stapes. The head was linked to the base by a crural plate, probably formed by the fusion of the material of the two crura. Microscopy showed a slightly less interwoven structure of the fibrillar bone present mainly at the cranial aspect of the crural plate. Honeycomb-like bone was confined to the caudal part of the crural plate. Microscopy revealed a cavity in the centre of the stapes at the transition between the base and the plate. During surgery, a bony structure was found linking the posterior side of the head of the stapes to the pyramidal eminence. Post-operative audiograms revealed improved hearing with some residual conductive loss of about 10 dB. This case illustrates that a columellaform stapes may occur without forming part of a syndrome.
Post-traumatic asymptomatic saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Vanlierde M. J. R. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA patient presented with mild upper airway obstruction after being shot from behind through the neck and soft palate. Two days later he developed palsies of the IXth to XIIth cranial nerves inclusive on the traumatised side. These palsies resolved spontaneously after three weeks. Further investigation revealed the presence of a saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. The internal carotid artery was ligated after gradual closure for three days using a Preston clamp.
Aberrant reinervation of the stapedius muscle following facial palsy
Authors: McFerran D. J. , Baguley D. , Moffat D. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis case report describes the clinical course of a patient with Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. Partial recovery of the lower motor neuron facial palsy was associated with decreased hearing and a reduction of the middle ear compliance on voluntary contraction of the facial musculature. It is suggested that this is due to misdirection of regenerating nerve fibres, normally destined for facial muscles, to stapedius muscle.
Out-patient examination of the upper airway: A survey of current practice in the UK
Authors: Albizzati C. , Mills R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractQuestionnaires have been sent to all ENT Consultants practising in the UK in an attempt to establish current practice with regard to out-patient examination of the upper aerodigestive tract. Seventy-eight per cent of these were returned completed. The results indicate that mirror examination remains the most widely used method, though the fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope and/or the Hopkins rod telescope are now used by many specialists. Mirrors are most frequently warmed by a spirit lamp, despite the fact that 125 respondents reported having had a fire in their departments. Other methods of warming mirrors are discussed.
Nasal endoscopy in chronic maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Kamel R. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe role of the anterior ethmoids in the pathogenesis of chronic maxillary sinusitis is still a subject of controversy. Although the symptoms of maxillary sinusitis may be clinically dominant, many previous studies have showed that the origin of this disease was, in most cases, located within the anterior ethmoid region.This study included 100 Egyptian patients, suffering from chronic maxillary sinusitis (confirmed by maxillary sinoscopy), who were subjected to ‘systematic nasal endoscopy’. It was found that all cases of chronic maxillary sinusitis were associated with anatomical variations and/or pathological abnormalities of ‘the ostiomeatal area’. It is recommended, therefore, that during the diagnosis and treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis, attention should be given to the region of the middle meatus and anterior ethmoid complex (or ‘ostiomeatal area’) for any anatomical variations and/or pathological abnormalities in order to avoid recurrence of maxillary sinusitis. This is the basis of the procedure of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Use of a Braunula® for maxillary sinus irrigation
Authors: Zohar Y. , Talmi Y. P. , Finkelstein Y. , Shem-Tov Y. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPuncture and lavage of the maxillary sinuses is a common procedure in ENT practice. Repeated irrigations are required in chronic sinusitis refractory to treatment. In our department we use a No. 14 gauge Braunula® for such cases. Over 100 patients have been treated over the past two years with no significant complications. This device is inexpensive, sterile, safe and easy to use and we recommend its use for patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis requiring repeated irrigations.
Idiopathic fibrosis of the upper aero-digestive tract.
Authors: Violaris N. S. , Windle-Taylor P. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIdiopathic fibrosis of different areas of the body such as retroperitoneal fibrosis, mediastinal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis, Reidel's thyroiditis and pseudo-tumour of the orbit are well recognised entities that manifest individually or in combination. A case of idiopathic fibrosis of the upper aerodigestive tract is presented, which caused dense fibrosis of the floor of mouth, tongue, pharynx and larynx leading to aphonia and severe dysphagia. A permanent tracheostomy was performed and regular bouginage is necessary. This is the first such case reported in the literature.
Combined treatment of large head and neck capillaro-venous malformation by a fibrosing agent
Authors: Fradis M. , Podoshin L. , Simon J. , Lazarov N. , Shagrawi I. , Boss J. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report our experience of seven cases suffering from capillaro-venous malformation localized in the head and neck area, treated preoperatively by a fibrosing agent—ETHIBLOC. Four of the cases are presented and analysed.We suggest the pre-operative injection of Ethibloc as the treatment of choice for capillaro-venous malformations in the head and neck region
Surgery for otitis media with effusion in children and its relationship to parental smoking
Authors: Hinton A. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA study was conducted to ascertain whether there is any relationship between parental smoking and various factors in children undergoing surgery for otitis media with effusion.Information was recorded on 115 children admitted to hospital for grommet insertion. Details of parental smoking habits, previous surgery for ottis media with effusion and operative findings were noted. A group of 36 children with healthy ears attending an orthoptic clinic were used as controls.Those children with at least one parental smoker were found to have a higher chance of being admitted to hospital for grommet insertion and were more likely to have had previous surgery for otitis media with effusion.
Maxillary antral lavage—infiltration and surface anaesthesia compared
Authors: Paulose K. O. , Khalifa S. Al , Shenoy P. , Sharma R. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA prospective study on 210 patients was conducted to determine the relative efficacy of infiltration anaesthesia as against surface anaesthesia for antral lavage. The patients were categorized into three groups and comparisons were made on patient response and our observations. This study confirms that infiltration technique is superior to surface anaesthesia and is, also, less time consuming.
Snoring as a presenting feature of the Shy-Drager syndrome
Authors: McGlashan J. A. , Golding-Wood D. G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 67-year-old man with a progressive snoring habit is presented. Fluctuant bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis was later recognized together with autonomic features suggesting a diagnosis of Shy-Drager syndrome. Snoring as a presenting feature of this condition has been infrequently described. This case highlights the importance of careful assessment of snorers.
Nasopharyngeal Warthin's tumour: A metaplastic lesion
Authors: Kristensen S. , Tveterås K. , Friedmann I. , Thomsen Per 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWarthin's tumour arising from minor salivary glands of the nasopharynx is described in a patient with eosinophilic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. The microscopical features of this lesion were indistinguishable from those of Warthin's tumours of the parotid gland. The present case supports the histogenetic theory that the epithelial component of extraparotid Warthin's tumours represents reactive oncocytic metaplasia and hyperplasia induced by chronic inflammation rather than genuine neoplasia. It is suggested that the term Warthin's tumour is preferable to designations indicating neoplasia of these extraparotid lesions which are indistinguishable histologically and ultrastructurally from parotid and juxtaparotid adenolymphomas.
Glial teratoma thought to be a lingual thyroid
Authors: Tumushime-Buturo C. G. , Nkanza N. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of a glial teratoma occurring in the tongue of a twelve week old male child is presented. This lesion was thought clinically to be a lingual thyroid. Histopathological examination revealed the true nature of the lesion. The mother had noticed the lesion since birth but only sought medical attention when the child developed difficulty in breathing.Teratomas in the head and neck region are uncommon and are commonly diagnosed wrongly as lingual thyroid. These lesions are usually benign.
Vocal cord paralysis with Ebstein's anomaly
Authors: Krishnamurthy S. N. , Paulose K. O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLeft recurrent laryngeal nerve runs a long intrathoracic course in close relationship to the aortic arch and adjacent heart structures and, hence, is liable to be injured by diseases affecting the heart and its great vessels.We report a case of Ebstein's anomaly causing left recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in a neonate. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of vocal cord paralysis associated with this condition.