bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary attraction and random landing in host‐selection by wood‐feeding insects: a matter of scale?
Authors: Saint‐Germain Michel , Buddle Christopher M. , Drapeau Pierre 
Published: April 2007

Abstract1 Most plant‐feeding insects show some degree of specialization and use a variety of cues to locate their host. Two main mechanisms of host location, primary attraction and random landing, have been investigated for such insects.2 Research has led to contradictory conclusions about those hypotheses, especially for wood‐feeding insects; however, recent studies suggest that both mechanisms may take place in a single taxon but at different scales.3 We developed a field experiment to test the hypothesis that primary attraction occurs at larger scale and random landing at finer scale in wood‐feeding insects. Landing rates, measured using sticky traps, were compared first between patches and then between individual trees according to their distance to a baited central tree.4 Polynomial functions describing landing rate to distance relationships were compared with a function produced by a null model describing what should occur under the random landing hypothesis. Scolytidae and Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) responded to volatiles at the patch scale, supporting the primary attraction hypothesis, but the landing patterns of some groups at finer scale matched closely the predictions of our null model, giving support to the random landing hypothesis.5 Our results show that the primary attraction and random landing hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and that prelanding use of host‐produced volatile is scale‐dependant. Scale considerations should thus be included in the study of prelanding host‐selection of wood‐feeding insects.
A comparison of student feedback obtained through paper‐based and web‐based surveys of faculty teaching
Authors: Ardalan Ali , Ardalan Roya , Coppage Samuel , Crouch William 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMany colleges have either begun or are contemplating using the web‐based survey to gather student feedback on faculty teaching. Unlike the paper‐based method, the web‐based approach gives every student in the class the opportunity to provide feedback. Hence, the populations that participate in the web‐based and paper‐based methods may be quite different, and so may be the feedback. This paper compares the results of student feedback gathered through paper‐based and web‐based approaches. The results provide information to faculty and administrators on any differences they may expect as they make the transition from a paper‐based to a web‐based survey of faculty teaching.
Business Cycles and the Role of Confidence: Evidence for Europe*
Authors: Taylor Karl , McNabb Robert 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper examines whether indicators of consumer and business confidence can predict movements in GDP over the business cycle for four European economies. The empirical methodology used to investigate the properties of the data comprises cross‐correlation statistics, implementing an approach developed by den Haan [Journal of Monetary Economics (2000), Vol. 46, pp. 3–30]. The predictive power of confidence indicators is also examined, investigating whether they can predict discrete events, namely economic downturns, and whether they can quantitatively forecast point estimates of economic activity. The results indicate that both consumer and business confidence indicators are procyclical and generally play a significant role in predicting downturns.
Is the Aggregate Investor Reluctant to Realise Losses? Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Barber Brad M. , Lee Yi‐Tsung , Liu Yu‐Jane , Odean Terrance 
Published: April 2007

Abstract We ask whether the typical investor and the aggregate investor exhibit a bias known as the disposition effect, the tendency to sell investments that are held for a profit at a faster rate than investments held for a loss. We analyse all trading activity on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE) for the five years ending in 1999. Using a dataset that contains all trades (over one billion) and the identity of every trader (nearly four million), we find that in aggregate, investors in Taiwan are about twice as likely to sell a stock if they are holding that stock for a gain rather than a loss. Eighty‐four percent of all Taiwanese investors sell winners at a faster rate than losers. Individuals, corporations, and dealers are reluctant to realise losses, while mutual funds and foreigners, who together account for less than 5% of all trades (by value), are not.
Acquisitions, Overconfident Managers and Self‐attribution Bias
Authors: Doukas John A. , Petmezas Dimitris 
Published: April 2007

Abstract We examine whether acquisitions by overconfident managers generate superior abnormal returns and whether managerial overconfidence stems from self‐attribution. Self‐attribution bias suggests that overconfidence plays a greater role in higher order acquisition deals predicting lower wealth effects for higher order acquisition deals. Using two alternative measures of overconfidence (1) high order acquisition deals and (2) insider dealings we find evidence supporting the view that average stock returns are related to managerial overconfidence. Overconfident bidders realise lower announcement returns than rational bidders and exhibit poor long‐term performance. Second, we find that managerial overconfidence stems from self‐attribution bias. Specifically, we find that high‐order acquisitions (five or more deals within a three‐year period) are associated with lower wealth effects than low‐order acquisitions (first deals). That is, managers tend to credit the initial success to their own ability and therefore become overconfident and engage in more deals. In our analysis we control for endogeneity of the decision to engage in high‐order acquisitions and find evidence that does not support the self‐selection of excessive acquisitive firms. Our analysis is robust to the influence of merger waves, industry shocks, and macroeconomic conditions.
Childhood psoriasis: a study of 277 patients from China
Authors: Fan X , Xiao F‐L , Yang S , Liu J‐B , Yan K‐L , Liang Y‐H , Sun L‐D , Du W‐H , Jin Y‐T , Zhang X‐J 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectives  Psoriasis is common in childhood. The aim of this study was to present the clinical and epidemiological profile of childhood psoriasis in China.Methods  A total of 277 childhood psoriasis patients younger than 16 years old were enrolled. Statistical analysis and heritability were performed using EPI INFO 6.0, spss 10.0 and Falconer's method.Results  The median age was 11 years. The male : female ratio was 1 : 1.13. The median age of onset was 10 years. Of the patients, 48.7% had previous episodes of psoriasis. Of the 277 children with psoriasis, 68.6% had plaque‐type psoriasis, 28.9% had guttate psoriasis, 1.1% presented pustular forms of psoriasis and 1.4% had erythroderma. The extensor surface of the extremities was the most frequently affected site in our patients, followed by the appearance of lesions on the scalp. A positive family history of psoriasis was found in 34.3% patients. The prevalence of psoriasis in first‐ and second‐degree relatives was 7.0% and 1.0%, respectively. The heritability of psoriasis in first‐ and second‐degree relatives was 72.67% and 55.18%, respectively.Conclusion  Our epidemiologic studies offer the information about Han Chinese distribution, which provide clues to describe psoriasis in children.
Irreversible blockade of sigma‐1 receptors by haloperidol and its metabolites in guinea pig brain and SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Cobos Enrique J. , Pozo Esperanza del , Baeyens José M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of haloperidol (HP) and its metabolites on [3H](+)‐pentazocine binding to σ1receptors in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and guinea pig brain P1, P2and P3subcellular fractions. Three days after a single i.p. injection in guinea pigs of HP (but not of other σ1antagonists or (−)‐sulpiride), [3H](+)‐pentazocine binding to brain membranes was markedly decreased. Recovery of σ1receptor density to steady state after HP‐induced inactivation required more than 30 days. HP‐metabolite II (reduced HP, 4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐α‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐piperidinebutanol), but not HP‐metabolite I (4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐hydroxypiperidine), irreversibly blocked σ1receptors in guinea pig brain homogenate and P2fractionin vitro. We found similar results in SH‐SY5Y cells, which suggests that this process may also take place in humans. HP irreversibly inactivated σ1receptors when it was incubated with brain homogenate and SH‐SY5Y cells, but not when incubated with P2fraction membranes, which suggests that HP is metabolized to inactivate σ1receptors. Menadione, an inhibitor of the ketone reductase activity that leads to the production of HP‐metabolite II, completely prevented HP‐induced inactivation of σ1receptors in brain homogenates. These results suggest that HP may irreversibly inactivate σ1receptors in guinea pig and human cells, probably after metabolism to reduced HP.
DNA methylation regulates tissue‐specific expression of Shank3
Authors: Beri Silvana , Tonna Noemi , Menozzi Giorgia , Bonaglia Maria Clara , Sala Carlo , Giorda Roberto 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTissue‐specific gene expression can be controlled by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. SHANK3, together with its homologues SHANK1 and SHANK2, has a central functional and structural role in excitatory synapses and is involved in the human chromosome 22q13 deletion syndrome. In this report, we show by DNA methylation analysis in lymphocytes, brain cortex, cerebellum and heart that the three SHANK genes possess several methylated CpG boxes, but only SHANK3 CpG islands are highly methylated in tissues where protein expression is low or absent and unmethylated where expression is present. SHANK3 protein expression is significantly reduced in hippocampal neurons after treatment with methionine, while HeLa cells become able to express SHANK3 after treatment with 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine. Altogether, these data suggest the existence of a specific epigenetic control mechanism regulating SHANK3, but not SHANK1 and SHANK2, expression.
The urge to change appearance in different psychopathological categories
Authors: Campo Joost à , Hardy Solange , Merckelbach Harald , Nijman Henk , Zwets Almar 
Published: April 2007

Background:In professional literature, mainly anecdotic descriptions can be found of striking, sometimes even bizarre manipulations of the appearance by psychiatric patients.Objective:In this study, it was examined whether the inclination to (drastically) change the appearance is related to (pre)psychotic symptoms.Methods:By means of a questionnaire, the frequency and nature of changing the appearance was studied among a sample of healthy volunteers (n = 38) and psychiatric patients (n = 61). The psychiatric group consisted of 1) patients with schizophrenia (n = 22), 2) patients with a borderline personality disorder (n = 20) and 3) patients with a depressive disorder (n = 19).Results:In accordance with previous findings, self-reports of drastic changes of appearance were associated with scores on various schizotypy scales. Psychiatric patients reported more changes of appearance, compared with healthy volunteers. Patients with schizophrenia reported most changes, followed by the group of patients with borderline personality disordered.Conclusions:Perhaps, drastic changes of the appearance are a visible expression of the loss of ego boundaries and/or of the sense of reality.
Marital satisfaction, conflict communication, attachment style and psychological distress in couples with a hospitalized depressed patient
Authors: Lemmens Gilbert M. D. , Buysse Ann , Heene Els , Eisler Ivan , Demyttenaere Koen 
Published: April 2007

Background:There has been fairly consistent empirical support for the association between major depressive disorder and marital dissatisfaction. However, this evidence is limited mostly to out-patient and population-based samples. Further, the role of possible mediating factors such as attachment style and conflict communication are less well investigated in major depression.Objective:The present study aims to investigate whether couples with a depressed partner and nonclinical couples differ in marital satisfaction, attachment style, psychological distress and conflict communication. Gender differences are also investigated.Methods:Seventy-seven couples, who participated in a family intervention trial, were compared with 77 age- and gender-matched nonclinical couples.Results:The depressed patients reported more psychological distress and attachment difficulties and less marital satisfaction than their partners and the nonclinical couples. Partners perceived their relationship as more satisfying than the nonclinical couples. The clinical couples reported less mutual constructive and more mutual avoidant communication in their relationship compared with the nonclinical couples. Finally, female depressed patients reported higher levels of psychological symptoms and were more avoidant attached than male patients.Conclusions:This study shows important differences in several individual and relational characteristics between couples with a depressed partner and nonclinical couples. Further research will be necessary to clarify whether the investigated psychosocial variables play a causal and/or a maintaining role in depression.
Brånemark Novum®: A New Treatment Concept for Rehabilitation of the Edentulous Mandible. Preliminary Results from a Prospective Clinical Follow‐up Study
Authors: Brånemark Per‐Ingvar , Engstrand Per , Öhrnell Lars‐Oluf , Gröndahl Kerstin , Nilsson Peter , Hagberg Kiell , Darle Christina , Lekholm Ulf 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: Brånemark fixtures were originally prescribed to be placed in two surgical stages. During the past years, reports on the placement of machined titanium implants in a one‐stage procedure have been published, and the results have been encouraging. Recendy there has been considerable interest in early or immediate loading. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to report the preliminary clinical results of a new method for implant treatment of the edentulous mandible. The new protocol involves prefabricated components and surgical guides, elimination of the prosthetic impression procedure and attachment of the permanent fixed bridge on the day of implant placement. Methods: Fifty patients (26 males, 24 females) received 150 Brånemark Novum implants and were followed from 6 months to 3 years after implant placement. Bone width and height were determined preoperatively with the use of radiographs. The jaw was reduced in height to accommodate three special 5‐mm wide implants. Precise implant positioning was accomplished with special drilling templates. Drill guides were placed over the drilling templates during site preparation using a series of specially designed drills. After the mucosa had been sutured back into position, a prefabricated titanium lower bar was connected with titanium screws to the transmucosal fixture. Another titanium bar was then attached by the prosthodontist, and a bite registration was performed. The bridge was attached to the upper bar. The permanent reconstruction was provided to the patient later the same day. Results: Three implants were lost to follow‐up and three failed, resulting in an overall survival rate of 98%. One prosthesis failed, leaving a prosthetic survival rate of 98%. The average treatment time was approximately 7 hours. At the baseline examination, the marginal bone level was 0.72 mm below the reference point. The average marginal bone loss was 0.2 mm per year and 0.26 mm between the 3‐month and 1‐year control visits. The accumulated mean bone loss, including baseline, was‐1.25 mm. A patient questionnaire demonstrated that 94% of the patients did not experience any discomfort during treatment and all patients would recommend the procedure to others. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the precise surgical and prosthetic protocol allows successful prosthetic rehabilitation of mandibular edentulism and that the permanent reconstruction can be provided to the patient on the day of fixture surgery.
Bone‐Tissue Formation and Integration of Titanium Implants: An Evaluation with Newly Developed Enzyme and Immunohistochemical Techniques
Authors: Johansson Carina B. , Röser Kerstin , Bolind Pia , Donath Karl , Albrektsson Tomas 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: Examination of the tissue surrounding retrieved implants involve routine investigations on cut and ground sections. Undecalcified sections with implants in situ are histologically stained followed by qualitative and quantitative observations of the tissue response to the implants by light microscopy. Purpose: A novel technique that allows for the accurate definition and quantification of enzymes involved in bone formation (alkaline phosphatase) and resorption (acid phosphatase) in the tissue is presented. Materials and Methods: Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy (Ti6A14V) implants were retrieved after 6 and 12 weeks of healing in rabbit bone. In addition, 4‐week specimens from commercially pure titanium bone harvest chambers placed in rabbit bone were used. Undecalcified cut and ground sections were produced and evaluated with enzyme and immunohistochemical staining techniques. Results: The titanium implants retrieved after 6 weeks of insertion in rabbit bone revealed a higher activity of both alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity compared to the implants followed for 12 months. The former samples revealed ongoing bone‐tissue remodeling in the interface, whereas the latter ones showed steady‐state bone conditions. Applying the new technique allowed for investigation of various bone proteins present in the tissue that had formed inside titanium canals of harvest chambers at various times of follow‐up. Conclusions: The combination of routine histologic stainings with enzyme and immunohistochemical technique of cut and ground specimens is a valuable tool in the investigations of retrieved implants from humans and animals. This novel technique now may be used to describe the state of bone regeneration in the interface zone associated with implant research.
Influence of Surface Roughness of Barrier Walls on Guided Bone Augmentation: Experimental Study in Rabbits
Authors: Lundgren AnnaKarin , Lundgren Dan , Wennerberg Ann , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Nyman Sture 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: By using the guided tissue regeneration concept it is possible to augment bone, beyond the skeletal envelope, provided certain biologic, surgical, and barrier‐related demands are met. Among barrier‐related factors of importance are the surface properties. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different surface roughness of the barrier wall influences the amount and morphology of augmented bone in a secluded space, using a titanium cylinder as barrier device placed on the rabbit skull. Materials and Methods: Cylinders of commercially pure titanium were fabricated by machining, using a turning tool. The inner cylinder wall was either left untreated or grit‐blasted with titanium dioxide to increase surface roughness. The topographic profile of the inner surface of two cylinders (1 turned and 1 grit‐blasted) was measured in vitro to achieve a numeric characterization of each type of surface topography. Two cylinders, one with grit‐blasted and one with turned inner walls, were surgically placed and secured to the skull bone of each of eight rabbits. The plate of the cortical bone, facing the experimental area framed by the cylinder wall was removed, and care was taken to ensure total blood fill of the cylinders. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed to obtain histology for histomorphometry. Results: The relative volume of augmented tissue in the grit‐blasted cylinders (77.9 ± 10.5%) did not differ significantly from that in the turned cylinders (73.4 ± 5.5%, p =.118), neither did the volume of mineralized bone (20.1 ± 8.2% vs. 22.1 ± 7.2%, p =.064). The trabecular density of the augmented bone was higher close to the walls of both the turned and the grit‐blasted cylinders compared to the overall trabecular density within the cylinders, but with no significant difference between the two groups. However, the area of mineralized bone in direct contact with the inner surface of the titanium cylinder was significantly larger in the grit‐blasted (33.9 ± 13.3%) compared to the turned cylinders (12.0 ± 8.5%, p =.01). Conclusions: The use of titanium barriers with a grit‐blasted inner surface compared to barriers with a turned surface resulted in the formation of similar amounts of bone beyond the skeletal envelope of the rabbit skull. However, a larger area of augmented mineralized bone was found in direct contact with the inner surface of the grit‐blasted cylinders.
Complications in Partially Edentulous Implant Patients: A 5‐Year Retrospective Follow‐up Study of 133 Patients Supplied with Unilateral Maxillary Prostheses
Authors: Wennerberg Ann , Jemt Torsten 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Background: Numerous studies have reported successful outcomes for restoration of fully endentulous patients with Brånemark implants. However, some studies indicate more mechanical problems in restored partially endentulous situations. Purpose: The objective was to study patients with potential risk for mechanical complications after implant treatment. Materials and Methods: Patients were retrospectively evaluated 5 years after implant treatment in upper jaw Appelgate‐Kennedy Class II situations. Altogether 422 implants ad modum Brånemark were installed in 137 consecutively treated patients. One hundred thirty‐three prostheses were placed and followed‐up for 5 years, according to routine clinical protocols. Results: The overall 5‐year implant cumulative survival rate (CSR) was 94.0%. The corresponding CSR for loaded implants and prostheses was 97.7% and 98.4%, respectively, and the overall marginal bone loss was 0.8 mm (0.6 mm) after 5 years. Sixteen abutment screws fractured in seven patients (5%) and 17 prostheses (13%) presented loose abutment or gold screws during the follow‐up period. Significantly more problems were reported in association with prostheses that included the canine (p <.05), and significantly more gold screws were working loose when only two implants were supporting the frameworks (p<.01). Conclusions: Upper jaw implant treatment in unilateral free‐end situations seems to involve more mechanical problems than other implant treatment groups when only two implants can be installed and when the canine tooth is missing. However, most of these complications are easily adjusted, and the clinical survival of implants and prostheses is the same for these groups compared to other groups of partially edentulous implant patients.