bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverted U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and phenotypic age in US adults: a population-based study
Authors: You Yanwei , Chen Yuquan , Liu Ruidong , Zhang Yangchang , Wang Meiqing , Yang Zihao , Liu Jianxiu , Ma Xindong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSleep is a modifiable behavior that can be targeted in interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging. This study aims to (i) identify the sleep duration trend in US adults; (ii) investigate the relationship between sleep duration and phenotypic age; and (iii) explore the role of exercise in this relationship. Phenotypic age as a novel index was calculated according to biomarkers collected from US adults based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Sleep information was self-reported by participants and discerned through individual interviews. The principal analytical method employed was weighted multivariable linear regression modeling, which accommodated for the complex multi-stage sampling design. The potential non-linear relationship was explored using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Furthermore, subgroup analyses evaluated the potential effects of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors on the primary study outcomes. A total of 13,569 participants were finally included in, thereby resulting in a weighted population of 78,880,615. An examination of the temporal trends in sleep duration revealed a declining proportion of individuals with insufficient and markedly deficient sleep time since the 2015–2016 cycle. Taken normal sleep group as a reference, participants with extreme short sleep [β (95% CI) 0.582 (0.018, 1.146), p = 0.044] and long sleep [β (95% CI) 0.694 (0.186, 1.203), p = 0.010] were both positively associated with phenotypic age using the fully adjusted model. According to the dose–response relationship between sleep duration and phenotypic age, long sleep duration can benefit from regular exercise activity, whereas short sleep duration with more exercise tended to have higher phenotypic age. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between short and long sleep durations and phenotypic age. This study represents an important step forward in our understanding of the complex relationship between sleep and healthy aging. By shedding light on this topic and providing practical exercise recommendations for promoting healthy sleep habits, researchers can help individuals live longer, healthier, and more fulfilling lives.
Effects of different nitrogen applications and straw return depth on straw microbial and carbon and nitrogen cycles in paddy fields in the cool zone
Authors: Liu Lin , Cheng Ming , Jin Jingyi , Fu Minjie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStraw is an important source of organic fertilizer for soil enrichment, however, the effects of different nitrogen(N) application rates and depths on straw decomposition microorganisms and carbon and nitrogen cycling under full straw return conditions in cool regions of Northeast China are not clear at this stage. In this paper, we applied macro-genome sequencing technology to investigate the effects of different N application rates (110 kg hm−2, 120 kg hm−2, 130 kg hm−2, 140 kg hm−2, 150 kg hm−2) and depths (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm) on straw decomposing microorganisms and N cycling in paddy fields in the cool zone of Northeast China. The results showed that (1) about 150 functional genes are involved in the carbon cycle process of degradation during the degradation of returned straw, of which the largest number of functional genes are involved in the methane production pathway, about 42, the highest abundance of functional genes involved in the citric acid cycle pathway. There are 22 kinds of functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle degradation process, among which there are more kinds involved in nitrogen fixation, with 4 kinds. (2) High nitrogen application (150 kg hm−2) inhibited the carbon and nitrogen conversion processes, and the abundance of straw-degrading microorganisms and nitrogen-cycling functional genes was relatively high at a nitrogen application rate of 130 kg hm−2. (3) Depth-dependent heterogeneity of the microbial community was reduced throughout the vertical space. At 71 days of straw return, the nitrogen cycling function decreased and some carbon functional genes showed an increasing trend with the increase of straw return depth. The nitrogen cycle function decreased with the increase of straw returning depth. The microbial community structure was best and the abundance of functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycling process was higher under the conditions of 0–15 cm of returning depth and 130 kg hm−2 of nitrogen application.
Analysis and comparative study of a deterministic mathematical model of SARS-COV-2 with fractal-fractional operators: a case study
Authors: Kubra Khadija Tul , Ali Rooh , Alqahtani Rubayyi Turki , Gulshan Samra , Iqbal Zahoor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a fractal-fractional-order mathematical model with the influence of hospitalized patients and the impact of vaccination with fractal-fractional operators. The respective derivatives are considered in the Caputo, Caputo Fabrizio, and Atangana–Baleanu senses of fractional order $$ \alpha $$
α
and fractal dimension $$ \tau $$
τ
. For the proposed problem, some results regarding basic reproduction number and stability are given. Using the next-generation matrix approach, we have investigated the global and local stability of several types of equilibrium points. We provide a detailed analysis of the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Moreover, we fit the model with the real data of Pakistan from June 01, 2020, till March 24, 2021. Then, we use the fractal-fractional derivative to find a numerical solution for the model. MATLAB software is used for numerical illustration. Graphical presentations corresponding to different parameteric values are given as well.
Investigating effects of FFP2 wearing during physical activity on gas exchange, metabolism and affective state using a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Engeroff Tobias , Heinsel Katrin , Niederer Daniel , Nienhaus Albert , Groneberg David A. , Vogt Lutz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConcerns are repeatedly raised about possible adverse respiratory effects of wearing filtering face pieces (FFP) during physical activity. This study compared the impact of FFP type 2 (NF95) on pulmonary function, blood gas values, metabolism and discomfort during light, moderate and vigorous physical activity. Healthy adults (n = 13; 6 females, 7 males; mean 31.3, SD 5.5 years) participated in this randomized two-armed (Ergometer cycling with a FFP type 2 vs. no mask) crossover trial. Baseline cardiopulmonary exercise testing and two interventions (masked and unmasked ergometer cycling 40%, 50% and 70% VO2max, 10 min each) were separated by 48 h washout periods. Spiroergometric data (End tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure PetCO2; breathing frequency; inspiration time), blood gas analysis outcomes (capillary carbon dioxide partial pressure, pCO2) and subjective response (Breathing effort and perceived exertion) were contrasted between conditions using ANOVAs. All participants completed the crossover trial, seven started with the FFP2 condition (No adverse events or side effects). FFP2 decreased breathing frequency, prolonged inspiration time, increased perceived breathing effort and PetCO2 (p < .05). Blood pCO2 in millimetres mercury increased during exercise with 50%VO2max (mean 36.67, SD 3.19 vs. mean 38.46, SD 2.57; p < .05) and 70%VO2max (35.04, 2.84 vs. 38.17, 3.43; p < .05) but not during exercise with 40%VO2max (36.55, 2.73 vs. 38.70). Perceived exertion was not affected (p > 0.05) by mask wearing. Conclusion: Mask-induced breathing resistance decreased respiratory performance and limited pulmonary gas exchange. While FFP2 affected subjective breathing effort per se, invasive diagnostics showed that statistically significant metabolic effects are induced from moderate intensity upwards.Trial registration: DRKS-ID: DRKS00030181, Date of registration: 05/09/2022 (German Register for Clinical Trials).
A new method for deep learning detection of defects in X-ray images of pressure vessel welds
Authors: Wang Xue , He Feng , Huang Xu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGiven that defect detection in weld X-ray images is a critical aspect of pressure vessel manufacturing and inspection, accurate differentiation of the type, distribution, number, and area of defects in the images serves as the foundation for judging weld quality, and the segmentation method of defects in digital X-ray images is the core technology for differentiating defects. Based on the publicly available weld seam dataset GDX-ray, this paper proposes a complete technique for fault segmentation in X-ray pictures of pressure vessel welds. The key works are as follows: (1) To address the problem of a lack of defect samples and imbalanced distribution inside GDX-ray, a DA-DCGAN based on a two-channel attention mechanism is devised to increase sample data. (2) A convolutional block attention mechanism is incorporated into the coding layer to boost the accuracy of small-scale defect identification. The proposed MAU-Net defect semantic segmentation network uses multi-scale even convolution to enhance large-scale features. The proposed method can mask electrostatic interference and non-defect-class parts in the actual weld X-ray images, achieve an average segmentation accuracy of 84.75% for the GDX-ray dataset, segment and accurately rate the valid defects with a correct rating rate of 95%, and thus realize practical value in engineering.
Synergistic preparation and application in PCU of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers from phosphogypsum and electrolytic manganese residue
Authors: Wang Ting , Ke Xuan , Li Jia , Wang Ying , Guan Weiwei , Sha Xia , Yang Chenjing , Zhang Tian C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers (α-CSHWs) were first prepared using phosphogypsum (PG) and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) as raw materials for coating urea, demonstrating excellent controlled-release properties. The effects of different reaction conditions on α-CSHWs, achieved by optimizing the reaction time, the concentrations of NH4+, Mn2+, and other factors, were discussed. Results showed that when the EMR content was 25 wt%, the reaction temperature was 100 °C, and the reaction time was 3 h, α-CSHWs with a length-to-diameter ratio of 39 were obtained. Through experiments and density functional theory (DFT), the mechanism of α-CSHWs preparation was elucidated. The results show that the addition of EMR reduces the content of impurity ions PO43− and F− in PG while introducing NH4+ and Mn2+. Interestingly, both NH4+ and Mn2+ can reduce the nucleation time of α-CSHWs, while PO43−, Mn2+, and F− are more likely to adsorb on the (0 0 6) crystal plane of α-CSHWs, NH4+ readily adsorbs on the (4 0 0) crystal plane. The controlled-release performance of modified α-CSHWs incorporated into polyurethane-coated urea (PCU) was investigated, and it was found that the addition of Mα significantly prolonged the nutrient release period, with the period extending up to 116 days for coatings of 5wt% and above. This work not only enhances the efficiency of PG and EMR utilization but also serves as a reference for the straightforward synthesis and application of α-CSHWs.
Comparative analysis of adding cotton straw and corn stover to improve the combustion performance of municipal sludge
Authors: Xu Feng , Li Jing , He Zihan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo address issues of high water content and low calorific value during combustion of municipal sludge, we added water-absorbent, easy-to-burn agricultural waste to improve the overall combustion performance. Cotton straw or corn stover were added to the sludge and mixed at high-speed to compare their capacities for improving combustion performance. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that cotton straw or corn stover attached to the surface of the municipal sludge particles after blending, while analysis of thermogravimetric curves and activation energies of the blends showed that combustion and exhaustion rates increased significantly when 40% cotton straw or corn stover were blended into the sludge. Using the quadrilateral cut-ring boiler as a prototype, the mix of sludge with cotton straw or corn stover was simulated, and FLUENT software was used to obtain the temperature and pollutant emissions of the boiler. Sludge blended with cotton straw or corn stover increased furnace temperature and reduced SO2 and NO emissions, while that with cotton straw burned at higher temperatures with lower SO2 and NO emissions. Overall, the CO content of sludge combustion was lower when blended with proportions of cotton straw or corn stover under 50%. The findings of this study lay a theoretical foundation for treatment of municipal sludge according to local conditions.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 lysates regulate hypoxia-induced gene expression
Authors: Jeong Jaehyeon , Kang Byeong-Hee , Ju Sangmin , Park Na Yeon , Kim Deukyeong , Dinh Ngoc Thi Bao , Lee Jeongho , Rhee Chang Yun , Cho Dong-Hyung , Kim Hangeun , Chung Dae Kyun , Bunch Heeyoun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHypoxic responses have been implicated in critical pathologies, including inflammation, immunity, and tumorigenesis. Recently, efforts to identify effective natural remedies and health supplements are increasing. Previous studies have reported that the cell lysates and the cell wall-bound lipoteichoic acids of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 (K8) exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulative effects. However, the effect of K8 on cellular hypoxic responses remains unknown. In this study, we found that K8 lysates had a potent suppressive effect on gene expression under hypoxia. K8 lysates markedly downregulated hypoxia-induced HIF1α accumulation in the human bone marrow and lung cancer cell lines, SH-SY5Y and H460. Consequently, the transcription of known HIF1α target genes, such as p21, GLUT1, and ALDOC, was notably suppressed in the K8 lysate supplement and purified lipoteichoic acids of K8, upon hypoxic induction. Intriguingly, K8 lysates decreased the expression of PHD2 and VHL proteins, which are responsible for HIF1α destabilization under normoxic conditions, suggesting that K8 may regulate HIF1α stability in a non-canonical pathway. Overall, our results suggest that K8 lysates desensitize the cells to hypoxic stresses and suppress HIF1α-mediated hypoxic gene activation.
Effect of sodium hypochlorite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and dual-rinse irrigation on dentin adhesion using an etch-and-rinse or self-etch approach
Authors: Par Matej , Steffen Tobias , Dogan Selinay , Walser Noah , Tauböck Tobias T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the influence of endodontic irrigation solutions and protocols on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin using an etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) adhesive approach. Eighty extracted human molars were ground to dentin. After pretreating for 27 min (21 min–3 min–3 min) with five different endodontic irrigation protocols (Group 1: NaOCl–EDTA–NaOCl; Group 2: NaOCl–NaOCl–EDTA; Group 3: NaOCl–NaCl–NaOCl; Group 4: Dual Rinse–Dual Rinse–Dual Rinse; Group 5: NaCl–NaCl–NaCl), an ER (Optibond FL, Kerr) or a SE (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray) adhesive system was applied. After light-curing, composite build-ups were made and cut into dentin-composite sticks. μTBS and failure modes were analyzed. Nonparametric statistical analyses (α = 0.05) were performed for comparison of the five groups within each type of adhesive as well as between the two adhesive systems used. The use of an ER instead of a SE adhesive system resulted in significantly higher μTBS for all irrigation protocols except for group 1 (NaOCl–EDTA–NaOCl) and 2 (NaOCl–NaOCl–EDTA). A statistical difference between the five different endodontic irrigation protocols was only found within the SE adhesive group, where group 1 (NaOCl–EDTA–NaOCl) achieved highest values. The use of an ER adhesive system cancels out the effect of the endodontic irrigation solution. The highest μTBS was achieved when using a NaOCl–EDTA–NaOCl-irrigation protocol in combination with Clearfil SE Bond, which shows that the selection of the endodontic irrigation should match the corresponding SE adhesive system.
The impact of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) on pulmonary function in US adults: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES (2007–2012)
Authors: Mao Haiyan , Lin Tong , Huang Shanshan , Xie Zhenye , Jin Shaofeng , Shen Xingkai , Jin Yuhong , Ding Yi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBrominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a group of chemicals widely used in various applications to prevent or slow down the spread of fire. However, they have adverse effects on human health. There is a relative scarcity of population-based studies regarding BFRs, particularly their impact on the respiratory system. This study aimed to investigate the influence of BFRs on pulmonary function using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study found that elevated serum concentrations of certain BFRs were associated with pulmonary ventilatory dysfunction. Adjusted analyses revealed positive correlations between PBDE47, PBDE183, and PBDE209 concentrations and ventilatory dysfunction. The analysis of mixed BFRs showed a positive relationship with pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, with PBDE47 making the most significant contribution. Our study demonstrates that both individual and combined BFRs exposure can lead to impaired pulmonary ventilation function. These findings provide evidence of the adverse effects of BFRs on lung function, emphasizing the importance of further investigating the potential health consequences of these compounds. Further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to investigate this relationship in the future.
SorLA restricts TNFα release from microglia to shape a glioma-supportive brain microenvironment
Authors: Kaminska Paulina , Ovesen Peter L , Jakiel Mateusz , Obrebski Tomasz , Schmidt Vanessa , Draminski Michal , Bilska Aleksandra G , Bieniek Magdalena , Anink Jasper , Paterczyk Bohdan , Jensen Anne Mette Gissel , Piatek Sylwia , Andersen Olav M , Aronica Eleonora , Willnow Thomas E , Kaminska Bozena , Dabrowski Michal J , Malik Anna R 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSorLA, encoded by the gene SORL1, is an intracellular sorting receptor of the VPS10P domain receptor gene family. Although SorLA is best recognized for its ability to shuttle target proteins between intracellular compartments in neurons, recent data suggest that also its microglial expression can be of high relevance for the pathogenesis of brain diseases, including glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we interrogated the impact of SorLA on the functional properties of glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs). In the GBM microenvironment, GAMs are re-programmed and lose the ability to elicit anti-tumor responses. Instead, they acquire a glioma-supporting phenotype, which is a key mechanism promoting glioma progression. Our re-analysis of published scRNA-seq data from GBM patients revealed that functional phenotypes of GAMs are linked to the level of SORL1 expression, which was further confirmed using in vitro models. Moreover, we demonstrate that SorLA restrains secretion of TNFα from microglia to restrict the inflammatory potential of these cells. Finally, we show that loss of SorLA exacerbates the pro-inflammatory response of microglia in the murine model of glioma and suppresses tumor growth.
Impact of the transport of magnetospheric electrons on the composition of the Triton atmosphere
Authors: Benne B. , Benmahi B. , Dobrijevic M. , Cavalié T. , Loison J.-C. , Hickson K. M. , Barthélémy M. , Lilensten J. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Due to its inclined orbit and the complex geometry of the magnetic field of Neptune, Triton experiences a highly variable magnetic environment. As precipitation of magnetospheric electrons is thought to have a large impact on the Triton atmosphere, a better understanding of the interaction between its atmosphere and the magnetosphere of Neptune is important.
Aims. We aim to couple a model of the Triton atmosphere with an electron transport model to compute the impact of a varying electron precipitation on the atmospheric composition.
Methods. We coupled a recent photochemical model of the Triton atmosphere with the electron transport model TRANSPlanets. The inputs of this code were determined from Voyager 2 observations and previous studies. The main inputs were the electron precipitation flux, the orbital scaling factor, and the magnetic field strength. The electron-impact ionization and electron-impact dissociation rates computed by TRANSPlanets were then used in the photochemical model. We also analyzed the model uncertainties.
Results. The coupling of the two models enabled us to find an electron density profile, as well as N2 and N number densities, that are consistent with the Voyager 2 observations. We found that photoionization and electron-impact ionization are of the same order, in contrast to the results of previous photochemical models. However, we emphasize that this result depends on the hypotheses we used to determine the input variables of TRANSPlanets. Our model would greatly benefit from new measurements of the magnetic environment of Triton, as well as of the electron fluxes in the Neptune magnetosphere.
Planetesimal and planet formation in transient dust traps
Authors: Sándor Zs. , Guilera O. M. , Regály Zs. , Lyra W. 
Published: March 2024

Context. The ring-like structures in protoplanetary discs that are observed in the cold dust emission by ALMA might be explained by dust aggregates trapped aerodynamically in pressure maxima.
Aims. We investigate the effect of a transient pressure maximum that develops between two regimes with different turbulent levels. We study how such a pressure maximum collects dust aggregates and transforms them into large planetesimals and Moon-mass cores that can further grow into a few Earth-mass planets by pebble accretion, and eventually into giant planets by accreting a gaseous envelope.
Methods. We developed a numerical model, incorporating the evolution of a gaseous disc, the growth and transport of pebbles, N-body interactions of growing planetary cores, and their backreaction to a gas disc by opening a partial gap. Planetesimal formation by streaming instability is parametrised in our model.
Results. A transient pressure maximum efficiently accumulates dust particles that can grow larger than millimetre-sized. If this happens, dust aggregates can be transformed by the streaming instability process into large planetesimals, which can grow further by pebble accretion according to our assumptions. As the gas evolves towards a steady state, the pressure maximum vanishes, and the concentrated pebbles not transformed into planetesimals and accreted by the growing planet drift inward. During this inward drift, if the conditions of the streaming instability are met, planetesimals are formed in the disc within a wide radial range.
Conclusions. A transient pressure maximum is a favourable place for planetesimal and planet formation during its lifetime and the concentration of pebbles induces continuous formation of planetesimals even after its disappearance. In addition, the formation of a planet can trigger the formation of planetesimals over a wide area of the protoplanetary disc.