bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and gender differences in the incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism
Authors: Dager William , Zhou Hong , Murin Susan , White Richard 
Published: October 2006

SummaryMen have been reported to have a higher incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism than women. However, it is not known if this gender effect holds among different racial/ethnic groups and for both venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. We conducteda retrospective analysis of 18-to 65-year-old Caucasian, African-American and Hispanic cases hospitalized in California with unprovoked venous thromboembolism. The principal outcome was recurrent venous thromboembolism 7–60 months after the index event. Among 11,514 cases that were followed for a mean of 3.0 years, men had a significantly higher rate (events/100 patient-years) of recurrent venous thromboembolism than women for both venous thrombosis [rate ratio (RR)=1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.3–1.8] and pulmonary embolism [RR=1.3, 95%CI:1.0–1.6].Among men the recurrence rate did not vary significantly between the racial/ethnic groups (p>0.05). However, the recurrence rate among Hispanic women with venous thrombosis was significantly higher than in Caucasian women (p<0.001) and was comparable to the rate in men. Both Hispanic and African-American women with pulmonary embolism had a higher recurrence rate compared with Caucasian women (p<0.02) that was comparable to the rate in men. We conclude that women in California had a 40% lower risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism compared to men. Rates were comparable among men of different races, but there were significant inter-racial differences among women, which also varied with the type of initial event. The effect of gender on the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism can not be generalized because it varies between racial/ethnic groups and with the type of index event.
Interferon-β modulates bone-associated cytokines and osteoclast precursor activity in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Hong Jianming , Santos Roseane , Tamaño-Blanco Miriam , Badgett Darlene , Patrick Kara , Baier Monika , Feichter Joan , Gallagher Eileen , Garg Neeta , Ramanathan Murali 
Published: October 2006

Purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a high risk of low bone density. The purpose of this study was to examine the molecular mechanisms potentially capable of modulating bone home-ostasis in response to interferon-β-1a (IFN-β-1a) treatment and the focus was the bone-modulating system comprised of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), its ligand RANKL and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG).Methods In this open-label pharmacodynamic study, peripheral blood was obtained from relapsing remitting MS patients just prior to and at multiple time points after intramuscular injection of 30 μg IFN-β-1a. Samples were analysed for RANKL, tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), OPG and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α/β expression. Osteoclast precursor differentiation from peripheral blood cells of MS patients in the presence of exogenously added IFN-β-1a was also assessed. Additionally, the changes in plasma levels of osteocalcin and the C-telopeptides after 1 year of treatment were measured as surrogate markers of bone formation and degradation, respectively.Results IFN-β-1a treatment modulated RANKL and OPG in a selective, time-dependent manner. The levels of OPG protein decreased 25% at the 8-h time point, then increased 43% at the 24-h time point. The levels of free RANKL reached a maximum at the 8-h time point. Increases in the levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), a chemokine that increases osteolysis, were observed. The levels of the bone formation marker, osteocalcin, were lower in MS patients compared to controls and increased after one year of treatment. Ex vivo treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes with IFN-β resulted in a marked reduction of osteoclast-like cells in the presence of RANKL and macrophage colony stimulating factor.Conclusions IFN-β treatment induces complex, specific and time-dependent changes in multiple proteins and mRNAs related to bone homeostasis in MS patients.
Cervical cord magnetization transfer ratio and clinical changes over 18 months in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study
Authors: Charil A , Caputo D , Cavarretta R , Sormani M P , Ferrante P , Filippi M 
Published: October 2006

Background Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) permits the quantitative estimation of cervical cord tissue damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To determine whether a single time-point MTR scan of the cervical cord is associated with short-term disease evolution in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. Methods Using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with a tailored cervical cord phased array coil, fast short-tau inversion recovery (fast-STIR) and MTR scans were obtained from 14 untreated patients with RRMS at baseline. Cervical cord MTR histograms were derived. Over the 18- month follow-up period, relapse rate was measured and disability assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Results Average cervical cord MTR was correlated with relapse rate ( r= -0.56, P = 0.037). A moderate correlation ( r values ranging from -0.33 to -0.36) between baseline cervical cord MTR metrics and EDSS changes over 18 months was also noted, albeit statistical significance was not reached ( P = 0.26 and 0.21, respectively) perhaps because of the relatively small sample size. Conclusions This study suggests that a ‘snapshot’ MT MRI assessment of the cervical cord may detect cervical cord tissue changes associated with short-term disease evolution in RRMS.
A Square-sheet Structure of Paddlewheel Dirhodium Complexes in Mixed Oxidation States with Perrhenate Linkers
Authors: Fuma Yasuhiro , Ebihara Masahiro 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A mixed oxidation-state (Rh24+ and Rh25+) complex, [{Rh2(acam)4}2(μ4-ReO4)] (1, Hacam = acetamide), was synthesized and characterized by X-ray structure analysis. A square-sheet structure is constructed from Rh2(acam)4 units and ReO4− ion linkers in which all dirhodium units are crystallographically equivalent. In the mixed oxidation-state compounds, the electrical conductivity of 1 (8.9 × 10−6 S cm−1) is higher than that of [{Rh2(acam)4}3(μ3-Cl)2]·4H2O, but lower than that of [{Rh2(acam)4}2(μ4-I)]·6H2O.
Transmastoid labyrinthectomy indications. Technique and early postoperative results
Authors: Colton Jeffrey J. , Graham Malcolm D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPersistent labyrinthine symptoms may manifest as unsteadiness veering or frank rotational vertigo. When these symptoms are resistant to medical therapy and are associated with hearing in the involved ear which is not of a serviceable level, then a transmastoid labyrinthectomy may be of value in ridding the individual of this disability. We have found that this operation may be performed expeditiously and safely; and if the entire vestibular epithelium is removed, the results of surgery are effective and predictable.
Combination therapy protocol for stage iii or iv carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx
Authors: Schuller David E. , King Gerald W. , Smith Roy E. , Wilson Henry E. , James Arthur D. , Batley Frank 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCombined therapy programs have improved recurrent and nodal metastatic rates but have not controlled distant metastases. A pilot study undertaken at Ohio State University evaluated the feasibility of adding chemotherapy to a combined modality regimen. The first phase determined that the toxicity of a four‐drug combination chemotherapy yielded a favorable risk/benefit ratio and justified its inclusion in a protocol for untreated cancers.
The incidence of vasovagal reflex activity during radical neck dissection
Authors: Babin Richard W. , Panje William R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPressure receptors exist within the walls of the carotid bulb which are responsible for maintaining the balance between blood volume, vascular tone, and cardiac output. When these receptors are manipulated during neck surgery the result may be bradycardia, hypotension or cardiac arrythmia. Such events occur sporatically during head and neck surgery and occasionally may prove fatal. While many surgeons advocate anesthetizing the carotid bulb prophylactically, this practice is not universally accepted.
The underdeveloped palate in ear, nose and throat practice
Authors: Saad Ezzat F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of palatal underdevelopment in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Signs of underdevelopment were found in 24 out of 1,500 consecutive children admitted for tonsil and adenoid surgery (1.6%). Bifid uvula was found in 15 children (1%). Five palates showed deficiency in length or thickness (0.33%) and submucous cleft palate was found in 4 children (0.27%). The palatopharyngeal sphincter was often compensated and adequate. Middle ear disease attributable to Eustachian tube dysfunction, with or without infection, was found in the majority of the children with underdeveloped palate. Tonsil and adenoid surgery was modified according to the palatopharyngeal condition.
Oval and round window changes in otitis media. Potential pathways between middle and inner ear
Authors: Goycoolea Marcos V. , Paparella Michael M. , Juhn S. K. , Carpenter Anna‐Mary 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA longitudinal sequential study of oval and round window changes in otitis media in an experimental animal (cat) using Eustachian tube obstruction was done. Thirty‐two animals were used.
Revision endolymphatic sac and duct surgery for recurrent meniere's disease and hydrops: Failure analysis and technical aspects
Authors: Arenberg I. Kaufman , Balkany Thomas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEndolymphatic system surgery for Meniere's disease has been shown to be effective in selected cases; however, some patients do not achieve substantial long‐term relief from their symptoms in spite of early success and may require revision surgery. Revision endolymphatic system surgery has been reported in the literature in 9.7% to 16.3% of patients.As part of an ongoing prospective analysis of endolymphatic valve implant surgery, the first 400 procedures performed over 6 years were analyzed to determine the rate and cause for revision surgery. Fifty‐four of 386 (13.9%) of endolymphatic valve implants performed by the authors required revision. Fourteen cases initially operated on elsewhere are also analyzed. The most frequent causes of failure was outflow tract obstruction caused by temporalis fascia, previously used to anchor the valve. Since that technique has been abandoned, the revision rate of primary valve implants is 6.7%.
Overpressure in treatment of meniere's disease
Authors: Densert B. , Densert O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInfluence of ambient pressure changes on the hearing levels in Meniere's disease was previously demonstrated, using a pressure chamber. The present report concerns a new method for management of Meniere's disease by local application of overpressure. The experimental background and methodologic considerations in therapy are summarized.Five illustrative cases of verified Meniere's disease are presented. The patients had advanced, nonfluctuating hearing loss and incapacitating vestibular symptoms. Long periods of remission were obtained in all cases. Improvement of hearing was a major clinical consideration in the treatment.Use of local overpressure seems to offer possibilities of improving hearing even in advanced stages of Meniere's disease. Despite the disabling pretreatment hearing loss, hearing in these 5 patients was restored to normal or serviceable levels. The follow‐up period was about 2 years from start of treatment.
Myringotomy and ventilation tubes: A report of 1,568 ears
Authors: Luxford William M. , Sheehy James L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe reviewed the records of all patients who had a myringotomy and insertion of a ventilation tube at Otologic Medical Group during a 6‐year period; there were 2,266 intubations on 1,568 ears.Uncomplicated serous otitis media was the indication in 1,055 ears; 19% developed brief episodes of otorrhea. Persistent otorrhea necessitated tube removal in 9 ears, all but 2 of which became dry. These 2 patients required mastoid surgery.We conclude that myringotomy and insertion of a ventilation tube in serous otitis media is associated with infrequent complications, and these complications are probably related more to the underlying disease process than to the ventilation tube.
Successful systemic chemotherapy of advanced squamous and basal cell carcinoma of the skin with cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum iii and doxorubicin
Authors: Guthrie Troy H. , Porubsky Edward S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSuccessful systemic chemotherapy of advanced squamous and basal cell carcinoma of the skin using the combination of cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum III and doxorubicin in five patients is reported. Brief comments on historial background and rationale for future usage are included.
Epidemiologic patterns of frontal and maxillary sinus cancer
Authors: Vianna Nicholas J. , Ulitsky George , Shalat Stuart L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA significant decrease in mortality rates for maxillary and frontal sinus cancer was found for older females, particularly in urban areas of New York State, over a 30‐year period. A similar observation was made for males residing in rural areas. The decline in female rates might be related to the discontinued use of carcinogenic agents such as Thorotrast, whereas that in males might be related to changes in those industries associated with an increased risk for these cancer sites.
Fracture of the clavicle following radical neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Strauss Melvin , Bushey Michael J. , Chung Chan , Baum Sheldon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe treatment of head and neck cancer with radiotherapy and radical neck dissection has many well recognized complications. Radiotherapy in therapeutic doses can produce devascularization and weakening of bone. Radical neck dissection results in altered mechanics of the shoulder girdle and a disruption of normally balanced forces acting on the clavicle. An unusual case of clavicle fracture which is considered to have resulted from an interaction of the effects of these therapies is discussed. An approach for recognizing and distinguishing this entity by its time course, and radiographic and nuclide bone scan appearance is presented.
The relationship of the facial nerve and first branchial cleft anomalies — embryologic considerations
Authors: Liston Stephen L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA Type II first branchial cleft anomaly may lie superficial to, deep to, or between the branches of the facial nerve. The embryologic basis of this finding depends on the variable relationship between the migrating facial musculature, as it passes forward from the second branchial arch to the face, and the epithelial elements which persist in the region of fusion between the inferior portions of the mandibular and hyoid arches.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in HIV‐Positive Patients Under Age 45
Authors: Roland J. Thomas , Rothstein Stephen G. , Mittal Khushbakhat R. , Perksy Mark S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEight patients 45 years of age and under (range, 29 to 45) with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus are reported. Primary tumor sites include nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx. Probes for the human papillomavirus were positive in two of the patients. Therapy consisted of surgery followed by radiation therapy in five patients, surgery alone in one patient, and radiation therapy in the remaining two patients. Follow‐up ranged up to 2 years and revealed four deaths, three patients alive without disease, and one patient recently posttreatment with residual disease. The significance of the presence of the human papillomavirus in these individuals remains to be determined. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck under age 45 is low, and whether there may be a higher incidence in HIV‐positive patients cannot be determined from this small series.
Localization of interleukin‐1 in human squamous carcinomas of the head and neck
Authors: Ahn Jeffrey M. , Huang Cheng‐Chun , Cho Hyung T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent investigations revealed that interleukin‐1 can promote bone resorption by activating osteoclasts. The authors' immunocytochemical studies with monoclonal antibody against human interleukin‐1 localized interleukin‐1 at the bone resorption site of the squamous carcinomas as well as within the squamous carcinomas. In addition, Western blotting and dot blotting methods were used to isolate interleukin‐1 from the extracts of the squamous carcinomas in the head and neck.Finding interleukin‐1, a potent bone resorption–stimulating factor, in squamous carcinomas suggests that interleukin‐1 might play an important role in the extensive local bone destruction seen in the head and neck patients with squamous carcinomas.
Quantitative cytology of nasal secretions under various conditions
Authors: Lee Hwa Sik , Majima Yuichi , Sakakura Yasuo , Shinogi Jun , Kawaguchi Shinya , Kim Byung Woo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractQuantitative cytology was performed in nasal secretions of normal control (NC), seasonal allergic rhinitis in season (SAR), perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), chronic sinusitis with mucoid secretion (MS), and chronic sinusitis with mucopurulent secretion (MPS). The majority of inflammatory cells were neutrophils in NC, MS, and MPS; the majority were eosinophils in SAR and PAR. The concomitant appearance of inflammatory cells in nasal secretions was found, i.e., there were significant correlations between neutrophil and eosinophil counts in MPS, and between eosionophil and basophil counts in SAR. The eosinophil/neutrophil ratio was more than 0.1 in SAR and PAR, but the ratio was less than 0.1 in all NC, all MPS, and in 93% of MS; this indicates that 0.1 in eosinophil/neutrophil ratio is the critical value between allergic and nonallergic nasal diseases.
Stylistic and thematic shifting as a narrative resource: Assessing asylum seekers' repertoires
Authors: Maryns Katrijn , Blommaert Jan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to come closer to an empirically grounded view of the functions served by shifting and mixingwithinan intrinsically mixed speaker's repertoire. We shall do this by means of a detailed narrative analysis of a fragment taken from an autobiographical narrative of a West African asylum seeker. In the data a large variety of ‘shifts’ can be detected at various levels: phonetic, grammatical and paralinguistic. Small linguistic details are iconic of general moves and switches in the narrative, the total shape of which is in turn indexical of speaker identity. This provides arguments in favor of an indexical view of code-switching and related phenomena. At the same time, the data invoke issues of the unequal value of linguistic-narrative resources. In the asylum procedure, different preconditions for narrating are brought into the encounters between asylum seekers and officials, different conditions on sayability and interpretability are present and some of the meanings produced or sought fall in the gap between what is recognized and what can be produced. We shall address these ‘pretextual gaps’ in terms of event perspective, resource control, deterritorialization, transidiomaticity.
Towards a definition of Egyptian complimenting
Authors: Mursy Ahmad Aly , Wilson John 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Compliments are often viewed within the framework of politeness theory. Work on politeness, such as that of Brown and Levinson (1987), has, however, often been infected with a western ethnocentrism, such that cross cultural variations are assumed to be captured within a single politeness model. Recent research on cultures such as Chinese and Japanese have challenged this ethnocentric perspective, and the present work extends the critique in relation to Egyptian Arabic. In the paper, we argue that compliments are culture specific objects. In the case of Egyptian Arabic, any understanding of compliment behavior must take account of such things as values, tact, courtesy, and general group, as opposed to individual, values. Working with a range of compliment behaviours we introduce a model of a ‘social contract of values’ which allows us to move beyond western ethnocentrism, and to capture more directly the process of Egyptian complimenting behavior.
Pronouns of power and solidarity: The case of Spanish first person pluralnosotros
Authors: Stewart Miranda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStudies of personal reference to the speaker in Spanish have typically focused on the presence or absence and position when present of the personal pronoun and have taken place within the fields of theoretical syntax or variationist sociolinguistics. This study places the occurrence of the first person plural form within the framework of interactional pragmatics and investigates the potential effects of extralinguistic factors on the linguistic choices of speakers within a broad framework of Gricean pragmatics and politeness theory. It argues that the indeterminacy or ambivalence inherent in speaker–hearer reference functions as a strategic resource and that an awareness of the status of and relationship between participants (power and solidarity) and of their interactional goals as well as an awareness of the mechanics of ‘politeness’ itself can be crucial to the negotiation and maintenance of interpersonal relationships.
To claim or not to claim? An analysis of the politeness of self-evaluation in a corpus of French corporate brochures
Authors: Mclaren Yvonne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have examined the way in which politeness operates in spoken exchanges, relatively few have focused on politeness in written language. This study adopts an interactional view of written texts and, drawing on Brown and Levinson's (1978, 1987) model, investigates the pragmatics of politeness in a corpus of French-language corporate brochures. One of the most important categories of face-threatening act (FTA) in such brochures is the making by the writer (the company) of self-evaluative claims – claims which praise the company's abilities, qualities, products, etc. To commit such an FTA ‘politely’, the writer may opt either for an off-record strategy or an on-record strategy with appropriate face redress. In the corpus there is evidence that his/her choice may be influenced by the position of the claim within the text, since this, it is suggested, affects the ‘weightiness’ of the claim. This is explained in terms of the evolving writer–reader relationship, particularly the variables of power and distance. The evolution of the text user relationship would appear, therefore, to be one of the key factors influencing the writer's choice of politeness strategy and hence the way in which s/he makes strategically important claims.