bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
À propos de trois lettres de Čičerin, Šljapnikov et Radek sur les rapports entre les bolcheviks et la Suède, 1911-1919
Authors: Mousson-Lestang Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Jean-Pierre Mousson-Lestang, Three letters of Chicherin, Shliapnikov and Radek respectively concerning the relations between the Bolsheviks and Sweden, 1911-1919.
Swedish archives contain three letters that project an interesting light on former relations between Russian and Swedish Social Democrats. The first of these letters is the one addressed on August 8, 1911 by Chicherin to Hjulman Branting. The other two were written by Alexander Shliapnikov and Karl Radek respectively; the first is dated May 16, 1916; the second is undated but has probably been sent during summer 1919. The three documents witness in various manners the importance that the RSDWP attached to the Swedes. Whilst Leninist Bolsheviks endeavored to conquer the adhesion to their thesis of Zimmerwaldian "Young Swedes," ambiguous relations were being maintained until 1917 with members of Swedish majority led by Branting, a dominant and too little known personality of the Ilnd International.
A glimpse of Borodin...
Authors: McKay Craig Graham 
Published: October 2008

Craig Graham McKay, Un aperçu de Borodin...
M.N. Roy a brossé un portrait amusant de l'arrivée du camarade Borodin au Mexique en 1919. Mais que faisait Borodin avant sa mission dans le Nouveau Monde avec les bijoux de la Couronne ? En se fondant sur des rapports de la police Scandinave, l'auteur fournit une pièce du puzzle et jette en même temps quelque lumière sur les activités des bolcheviks en matière de propagande.
Les juifs de Buhara [ou la permanence d'une communauté]
Authors: Poujol Catherine 
Published: October 2008

Catherine Poujol, The Bukharan Jews or the permanence of a community.
The present-day study of the specific group constituted by the Jews of Bukhara would certainly help to understand the nationalities' problem in the Soviet Central Asia. The Jews of Bukhara represent the only non-Muslim community that remained in this region after its conquest by the Arabs in the eighth century and that played a rather important part - often concealed - in the problems originating from contacts between Russians and Muslims since the nineteenth century and especially since the colonization of Turkestan. Although R. Loewenthal considers that they are completely assimilated, the Jews of Bukhara seem on the contrary, in the light of recent observations, to have remained solidly attached to their faith and their tradition, which goes to demonstrate the permanent character of this community.
А. Блок : « Жило двенадцать разбойников » (К истории создания поэмы « Двенадцать »)*
Authors: Schwarzband Samuel 
Published: October 2008

Samuel Schwarzband, A. Blok: "Once upon a time there were twelve highwaymen".
A study of Blok's autograph manuscripts of "The twelve" enabled the author of the present article to reconstruct the order in which the separate "chapters" were composed and to clarify the progress of Blok' s thought. After having completed his research on the history of the creation of "The twelve," the author drew the following conclusions: 1. Blok founded his composition on the methods used by silent movies; 2. partition into acts, author's comments, "subtitles" and the "accompaniment" allowed Blok to present his composition of distinct poems as an organized whole; 3. the distinctive feature of the poem is the presence of several lateral on-lookers: operator, commentator, pianist, character ("a man," "a passer-by," "a bourgeois").
Notes sur l'attribution du nom au Daghestan
Authors: Longuet-Marx Frédérique 
Published: October 2008

Frédérique Longuet-Marx, Notes on the attribution of a name in Daghestan.
In this Soviet republic names have different origins. Some names are commemorative, generally borrowed from Muslim tradition, others are strategic, traditional or modern. When comparing their distribution among various nationalities in rural or urban areas, we note variations conditioned by the history of these peoples, the interethnic contacts and the locality where they reside. We observe a tendency among the population living in cities to preserve traditional values in spite of the diversity of attributed names.
Les « pièces de production » après 1953 : Entre l'humanisme et la cruauté nécessaire
Authors: Autant-Mathieu Marie-Christine 
Published: October 2008

Marie-Christine Autant-Mathieu, "Production plays" after 1953: Between humanism and the necessary cruelty.
In reaction to the stereotyped phrases conveyed by the plays devoted to production under Stalin, in the 1950's playwrights are interested less in workers than in human beings wronged by the productivist fever of former times. But in the early 1960's, the situation is reversed. Economic difficulties call for a stiffening of discipline in the enterprise. Particularly, the 1965 reform which aims at modernizing production processes implies a change in the style of management. The "production plays" embark upon a second Golden Age, in particular with Dvoretskii, Bokarev, Gel'man who stage pure and tough heroes devoted to the limits of neurosis to the Cause; refusing any compromise they do not endeavor to increase the output but to change the outlooks, to make the workers at all levels more aware of their responsibilities. After several violent attacks of the press against these radical supermen and the reconversion of the main authors to psychological drama, the "production plays" are at present noticeably declining.
The Soviet government and moonshine, 1917-1929
Authors: Stone Helena 
Published: October 2008

Helena Stone, The Soviet government and moonshine, 1917-1929.
The article attempts to explain the epidemic of homebrewing the Soviet society experienced in the 1920's by linking the production of moonshine with the fluctuation in the grain prices and with the Soviet government's policy towards the peasants in general. Moonshine is interpreted as a byproduct of the confrontation between the peasants and the government.
Entre Russie et Bulgarie [Contribution à l'histoire de la première église bulgare de Constantinople (1847-1859) : Un texte inédit d'Alexandre Exarh]
Authors: Voillery Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Pierre Voillery, Between Russia and Bulgaria. Contribution to the history of the first Bulgarian church in Constantinople.
This previously unpublished text of Alexander Exarh pertaining to the foundation of a Bulgarian church in Constantinople constitutes a contribution to the history of the national revival of Bulgaria insofar as it represents a testimony of one of the principal promoters of this event. The author does not supply a new interpretation of this question but clarifies some of its points. He reinstates the role played by A. Exarh in the establishment of an autonomous Bulgarian church; he points out the balance of power then prevailing within the Bulgarian community of the Ottoman capital and supplies a better understanding of the rivalry that opposed foreign Powers desirous to acquire the control of this movement; finally he throws a light on the interplay of different factions within the leading circles of the Ottoman Empire, be they Turkish or Greek.
Who was Foy de la Neuville ?
Authors: Madariaga Isabel de 
Published: October 2008

Isabel de Madariaga, Qui était Foy de la Neuville ?
Cet article tente de découvrir l'identité de l'auteur de la Relation curieuse de la Moscovie, publiée sous le nom de Foy de la Neuville. Son identification avec Adrien Baillet est rejetée. La Neuville est solidement en place à la Cour de Pologne. Sa présence en qualité d'envoyé de la Pologne en Angleterre et en France est attestée et on émet l'hypothèse qu'il a agi en sa qualité d'agent de la Pologne lors de sa visite en Russie, en 1689. Ses sources d'information sur les événements russes font l'objet d'une rapide discussion et on émet quelques doutes à propos de sa description des idées du prince V.V. Golicyn, étant donné que la seule langue dans laquelle ces deux hommes pouvaient s'entretenir était le latin !
Une approche de Bunin : Étude des qualificatifs
Authors: Stulz Ginette 
Published: October 2008

Ginette Stulz, Une approche de Bunin. Étude des qualificatifs.
Centrée sur les livres I et II de La vie d'Arsen'ev, l'analyse détaillée des adjectifs et participes passés passifs permet de prendre conscience de la subtilité et de la rigueur de la prose bouninienne. A la fois abondants et variés, souvent même créés de toutes pièces, d'une infinie souplesse, ils se plient à une exigence constante de véracité, d'originalité, de poésie. L'accumulation de ces qualificatifs et leur place dans la phrase, toujours motivées, convainquent à leur tour d'un choix délibéré, subtilement souligné par le rythme et les sonorités que Bunin manie en poète. L'analyse conduit à un paradoxe apparent : ce luxe d'adjectifs est concision !
Naissance d'un roman : Remarques sur le cas d'Un héros de notre temps
Authors: Bonamour Jean 
Published: October 2008

Jean Bonamour, Naissance d'un roman : remarques sur le cas d'Un héros de notre temps.
Un héros de notre temps est ordinairement, et non sans raison, inséré dans l'histoire du roman russe, au prix de grandes incertitudes terminologiques. Ce « presque roman » est-il une étape dans l'histoire du genre romanesque en Russie ? Une telle interprétation risque d'être réductrice. L'autonomie de chaque nouvelle, déjà remarquée par Belinskij, est un aspect essentiel de la poétique de l'œuvre, significatif à tous les niveaux. L'interprétation du personnage de Pečorin ne peut ignorer cette poétique du fragment, qui s'oppose à la visée globalisante du titre dans une tension créatrice. Une vision existentielle de la vie sous-tend l'œuvre éclatée en fragments, et dont la fragmentante était pour cette vision la seule forme adéquate, fort éloignée de ce que sera ultérieurement le roman réaliste russe.
A friendship destroyed [The hitherto unpublished correspondence (1917-1921) of the academicians Rozhdestvenskie with the expatriate A. V. Gol'stein]
Authors: Kasinec Edward 
Published: October 2008

Edward Kasinec, A friendship destroyed : the hitherto unpublished correspondence (1917-1921) of the academicians Rozhdestvenskie with the expatriate, A.V. Got 'stein.
The seven letters published in this communication, dating from the period 1917-1921, were sent from Ol'ga Antonovna Dobiash-Rozhdestvenskaia (d. 1939) and her husband, Dmitrii Sergeevich (d. 1940) to Aleksandra Vasil'evna Gol'stein (d. 1937), a Russian expatriate living in France. Although the Rozhdestvenskie had lived in Western Europe for extensive periods of time, these letters from the extensive Gol'stein papers held at the Bakhmeteff archives (Columbia University, New York) date from the period when both held academic positions in Petrograd. They shed important light on specific points in the biographies and careers of both scholars, as well as giving us insight into the process whereby they gradually accommodated to the new political and social order. Their acceptance of the Soviet regime was evidently the decisive factor in the rupture of their relationship with Gol'stein, still a little-studied though important catalyst in Russo-French cultural relations of the early twentieth century.
Горький и ложь
Authors: Heller Michel 
Published: October 2008

Michel Heller, Gor'kii and the lies.
The essential quality of a Russian writer occupying the throne of "master of thought", since Belinskii, was the "edinobozhie" , that is a fanatical dedication to an idea. M. Gor'kii often changed ideas and "gods", but always remained within the framework of an unvarying outline : a researcher of truth (god), bearer of collective energy, entrusted with the expression of mass desires as opposed to the mass, to the crowd that does not understand its own interests. The strong and the weak, the strong leading the weak. Since the weak do not want to go anywhere, they must be drawn into motion, given a "golden dream", a beautiful lie. The truth, within Gor'kii's conception is a force hostile to humanity, an obstacle to progress. For the first time, Gor'kii explained this conception in a "poetical tale" "About the canary that was lying and the woodpecker who loved truth", published in 1893. The article describes the evolution of this conception in Gor'kii's work, till the end of his life, till his articles glorifying Stalinist terror and the concentration camps.
« Visitors from other times » : Foreign workers in the prewar piatiletki
Authors: Graziosi Andrea 
Published: October 2008

Andrea Graziosi, « Visiteurs d'un autre temps » : les travailleurs étrangers dans les plans quinquennaux avant la guerre.
Cet essai utilise les récits et les témoignages laissés par certains des 70 000 à 80 000 travailleurs et spécialistes étrangers qui ont vécu et travaillé en Russie soviétique dans les années 1920 et 1930, pour examiner le développement de l'industrie soviétique dans une perspective comparatiste. Il comporte trois parties : 1) une brève description du milieu et de la formation de ces travailleurs ; 2) une analyse de leurs témoignages centrée sur les différences entre les expériences occidentales et soviétique ; 3) un examen comparatif de l'industrialisation soviétique. Il se penche notamment sur les problèmes du rendement de la main-d'oeuvre, de l'organisation de la production et des relations au sein de l'entreprise.
Древние религиозные воззрения дидойцев (цезов)
Authors: Mahomedov Danijal M. 
Published: October 2008

Danijal M. Mahomedov, Les anciennes croyances religieuses chez les Didos.
Les peuples didos, un des groupes ethniques du Daghestan, n'ont adopté l'Islam que tardivement (XVIIIe siècle). Ceci confère un intérêt tout particulier à ces peuples chez lesquels on trouve des traces d'anciennes croyances pré-monothéistes. Les informations présentées ici ont été obtenues grâce à de nombreuses enquêtes sur le terrain. Des fouilles archéologiques de tombeaux témoignent de croyances en une vie après la mort et nous informent sur les cultes funéraires. L'auteur rend compte de récits sur le monde des esprits, le culte des montagnes, celui de la pierre blanche, et enfin celui du feu. Il fait état de rites liés à la fécondité et de l'existence de figurines représentant des animaux ou des hommes.
Venise et la Horde d'Or, fin XIIIe-début XIVe siècle [A propos d'un document inédit de 1324]
Authors: Migliardi O'Riordan Giustiniana , Berindei Mihnea 
Published: October 2008

Mihnea Berindei, Giustiniana Migliardi O'Riordan, Venice and the Golden Horde, end of thirteenth-beginning of fourteenth centuries.
The publication for the first time of a document of the year 1324 bearing on a commercial transaction - the sale of a large quantity of tin - between two Venetian tradesmen in the Estates of Khan Özbeg, gives an opportunity to take up a question but little studied until now: that of commercial relations between Venice and the Golden Horde in the late 1200's and the first half of the fourteenth century. It thus appears that this venture is in no way exceptional but takes place within the framework of a period when economic relations were intensified in particular because of the development of civilization of the Golden Horde under the rule of Özbeg.
Апофеоз книги
Authors: Siniavski André 
Published: October 2008

André Siniavski, The apotheosis of the book.
Ancient Russia venerated books because they were rare and their image was always connected to the Sacred Book, the Bible. Since the Book of depth (Golubinaia kniga) which is a heavenly message in poetical form and till the touching story of Druzhina Osorgin (seventeenth century) on his mother, Saint Ul'ianiia, the ancient Russian book aims at being precise and well-documented. It excludes individual imagination because it constitutes a piece of evidence. The author, as well as the scribe, said prayers at the beginning and the end of the work. Each word and even each letter had a sacred character. The written text was a temple and as such it summarized the universe.
Leskov face aux schismatiques
Authors: Müller de Morogues Inès 
Published: October 2008

Inès Müller De Morogues, Leskov face aux schismatiques.
Passionné d'histoire et de questions religieuses, Leskov devait obligatoirement se pencher sur le schisme, un sujet de polémique brûlant entre conservateurs et radicaux dans les années 60. Se prévalant de sa connaissance personnelle des communautés sans-prêtres de Riga après son enquête sur leurs écoles, Leskov réfute la théorie des radicaux sur les potentialités révolutionnaires du schisme en arguant, entre autres choses, des profondes dissensions qui empêchent le schisme de constituer véritablement une force sociale. Par ailleurs si, sur le plan religieux, il nie la valeur et le bien-fondé du schisme, il se refuse à en minimiser l'importance et l'influence, et il ne cesse de plaider en faveur de la tolérance, de la création d'écoles pour les schismatiques et de l'instauration de lois justes.
L'itinéraire religieux de Zinaida Hippius
Authors: Crainz Alessandra 
Published: October 2008

Alessandra Crainz, The religious itinerary of Zinaida Hippius.
The religious itinerary of Zinaida Hippius connected with revival of interest for religion in Russia at the end of the nineteenth century, acquires a mystic aspect reflected by her poetry. It lead to the creation of Religious philosophy meetings which she contributed to found. Christianity played an essential part in her conception of the world. She saw in it an absolutely positive force that had totally changed the perspectives of humanity. Nevertheless, the attitude of Hippius towards Church was a critical one because she coasidcred that historical Church could not incarnate universal Christianity. It is only the lacerations of the war and of the October revolution that modified her attitude in this respect. Faced with the suffering of what she viewed as the martyred Church, she considered that all criticism should be abolished and unconditional support given to religion.
Народные святые в России : Отец Иоанн Кронштадский
Authors: Levitin-Krasnov Anatolij 
Published: October 2008

Anatolii Levitin-Krasnov, The popular saints in Russia. Father Ioann Kronshtadtskii.
It is the saints that constitute the strength of a Church. In the eighteenth century, Petersburg had known the blessed Kseniia. The article speaks of another popular saint of Petersburg, Father Ioann Kronshtadtskii (1829-1908). He left two texts: My life in Christ and Extracts of my diary. His vast renown, his pastoral action, his gifts as a healer, the attacks directed against him indicate the important place he occupies in popular piety during the second half of the nineteenth century and until now.
Les études bibliques russes au XXe siècle
Authors: Fotiev Kirill 
Published: October 2008

Kirill Fotiev, Les études bibliques russes au XXe siècle.
En dépit d'une opinion répandue en Occident, les études bibliques ont attiré l'attention des théologiens érudits en Russie, tant avant la révolution qu'après 1945, lorsque certains séminaires qui avaient été fermés tout de suite après la révolution ont pu reprendre leur activité. La Société biblique impériale et les professeurs des Académies spirituelles travaillèrent à la traduction des saintes Écritures de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament de leurs langues d'origine en russe, dès la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. L'énorme entreprise de la traduction des saintes Écritures dans les langues des peuples de l'Asie Centrale et de la Sibérie a été poursuivie dans les murs de l'Académie spirituelle de Kazan. Les spécialistes russes des études bibliques en émigration - surtout l 'évoque Kassian (Bezobrazov) et le professeur A.V. Kartašev - ont largement introduit dans la science biblique les principes de l'analyse philologique et de la critique biblique. Leurs méthodes et les conclusions auxquelles ils arrivèrent sont maintenant totalement admises aussi par la nouvelle génération de spécialistes des études bibliques dans les écoles de théologie de l'Union Soviétique.
L'homme devant Dieu chez Lev Šestov et Marina Cvetaeva
Authors: Lossky Véronique 
Published: October 2008

Véronique Lossky, L'homme devant Dieu chez Lev Šestov et Marina Cvetaeva.
Marina Cvetaeva et Lev Šestov n'ont fait que se croiser épisodiquement à Paris, mais leur itinéraire à tous les deux est fait de tourments et d'interrogations, et leurs démarches - poétique pour l'une et philosophique pour l'autre - nous paraissent proches.
Tous deux interrogent les créateurs pour essayer de définir leur nature exceptionnelle et la façon dont ils se placent devant Dieu : Šestov interroge l'œuvre d'écrivains, Cvetaeva celle de ses amis poètes, et, à travers eux, la sienne propre.
La création est pour eux une marche au bord de l'abîme et c'est en même temps une relation d'amour entre le créateur et son œuvre. Ils adoptent une morale « à l'envers », celle des Béatitudes, et cherchent à débarrasser Dieu des déguisements dont les hommes, les institutions, les Églises L'affublent. Leur art, à chacun, est exigeant, il revêt la puissance d'une vocation, d'où leur véhément refus des clichés et des évidences concernant Dieu lui-même. Leur conviction à tous les deux est que le créateur est appelé à réaliser cette relation d'amour privilégiée avec son œuvre et, en même temps, sa ressemblance avec Dieu, puisqu'il a été créé à l'Image de Dieu.
En ce sens ces deux créateurs sont les dignes héritiers des mille ans de christianisme russe que nous célébrons cette année.
Incidences en Occident (et en Russie) du renouveau théologique russe au XXe siècle
Authors: Lossky Nicolas 
Published: October 2008

Nicolas Lossky, Repercussions in the West, and in Russia of the twentieth-century Russian theological revival.
The twentieth-century Russian theological revival is a heir to several trends that appeared in the nineteenth century: translation into Russian of the Philocalia, the Russian "religious philosophy" and the rediscovery of the patristic literature.
In the twentieth century this revival produces two trends : the heirs of religious philosophy on the one hand and the patrologists and patristic theologians on the other. These two trends are complementary, especially insofar as their repercussions in the West are concerned.
The meeting with the West takes place first of all in Prague, then in Paris and in England. In Prague, the Seminar of N.P. Kondakov plays an important part. In Paris, the foundation of the Institute of Saint Sergius and the creation of the Fraternity of Saint Photius have greatly contributed to this meeting. In England, Russian orthodoxy and Anglicanism meet within the framework of the Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius which had been organized in the 1930's.
In USSR, after studies made in underground groups, the "Parisian" theology is at present officially recognized more and more as the authentic Russian theology of the twentieth century.