bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitation and metabolism of mitoquinone, a mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant, in rat by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Hu , Fawcett J. Paul , Tucker Ian G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMitoquinone (MitoQ10 mesylate) is a mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant undergoing development for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an assay based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to determine mitoquinone and to detect and identify the metabolites of MitoQ10 in rat plasma after an oral dose. After a simple protein precipitation step, plasma samples were analyzed by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography using gradient elution with acetonitrile/water/formic acid. Electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to analyze mitoquinone employing the deuterated compound (d3‐MitoQ10 mesylate) as internal standard. The calibration curve for mitoquinone was linear over the concentration range 0.5–250 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient >0.995. The method was sensitive (limit of quantitation 0.5 ng/mL) and had acceptable accuracy (relative error <8.7%) and precision (intra‐ and inter‐day coefficient of variation <12.4%). Recoveries of mitoquinone at concentrations of 1.5, 20 and 200 ng/mL were in the range 87–114%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rat after a single oral dose in which four metabolites of MitoQ10 were tentatively identified as hydroxylated MitoQ10, desmethyl MitoQ10 and the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of the quinol form of MitoQ10. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of palmatine and its metabolites in rat urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Mingming , Han Fengmei , Chen Huaixia , Peng Zhihong , Chen Yong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPalmatine is an isoquinoline alkaloid that has been widely used in China for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases such as gynecological inflammation, bacillary dysentery, enteritis, respiratory tract infection, urinary infection, etc. In the study reported in this paper, a simple and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometric method (MS/MS) was developed for elucidation of the structures of metabolites of palmatine in rat urine after administration of a single dose (20 mg/kg). The rat urine samples were collected and purified through C18 solid‐phase extraction cartridges, and then injected onto a reversed‐phase C18 column with 60:40 (v/v) methanol/0.01% triethylamine solution (2 mM, adjusted to pH 3.5 with formic acid) as mobile phase and detected by on‐line MS/MS. Identification of the metabolites and elucidation of their structures were performed by comparing changes in molecular masses (ΔM), retention times and spectral patterns of product ions with those of the parent drug. As a result, six phase I metabolites, the parent drug palmatine and two phase II metabolites were identified in rat urine for the first time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining enediol compounds in tea using surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with titanium dioxide nanoparticle matrices
Authors: Lee Kun‐Hong , Chiang Cheng‐Kang , Lin Zong‐Hong , Chang Huan‐Tsung 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe describe the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as selective probes and matrices for the determination of catechins using surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI‐MS). The interactions between the enediol compounds and TiO2 NPs were evident by the change in color of the TiO2 NP solution from milky white to orange. Through these interactions, the TiO2 NPs could be used to concentrate enediol compounds, including catechins and ascorbic acid. The limits of detection (LODs) for three catechins – catechin, (−)‐epigallocatechin, and (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate – at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 were 0.45, 1.85 and 0.65 µM, respectively. The TiO2 NP matrices provide a number of advantages over conventional organic matrices (e.g. 2′,4′,6′‐trihydroxyacetophenone), including ease of sample preparation, less background noise in the low‐mass region, and high repeatability. The applicability of this method was confirmed through the high reproducibility of the determination of the two catechins in tea samples that had not been subjected to any sample preparation procedures (shot‐to‐shot variation: <10%). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A metabonomic study of strain‐ and age‐related differences in the Zucker rat
Authors: Granger Jennifer H. , Williams Rebecca , Lenz Eva M. , Plumb Robert S. , Stumpf Chris L. , Wilson Ian D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUltra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to orthogonal acceleration time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (oa‐TOFMS) in positive electrospray ionization mode was used to obtain metabolite profiles for urine obtained from three strains of Zucker rat. These were the Zucker lean, the Zucker (fa/fa) obese and the Zucker lean/(fa) cross. Clear age‐ and strain‐related differences were noted with the leptin‐deficient (fa/fa) obese animal showing significant differences from both the other Zucker rat strains with respect to metabolite profiles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An approach to developing complex database schemas using form types
Authors: Luković Ivan , Mogin Pavle , Pavićević Jelena , Ristić Sonja 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we consider an approach to developing complex database schemas. Apart from the theoretical model of the approach, we also developed a CASE tool named Integrated Information Systems*Case, R.6.2 (IIS*Case) that supports the practical application of the approach. In this paper the basis of our approach to the design and integration of database schemas and ways of using IIS*Case is outlined. The main features of a new version of IIS*Case, developed in Java, are described. IIS*Case is based on the concept of ‘form type’ and supports the conceptual modelling of a database schema, generating subschemas and integrating them into a relational database schema in 3NF. IIS*Case provides an intelligent support for complex and highly formalized design and programming tasks. Having an advanced knowledge of information systems and database design is not a compulsory prerequisite for using IIS*Case. IIS*Case is based on a methodology of gradual integration of independently designed subschemas into a database schema. The process of independent subschema design may lead to collisions in expressing real‐world constraints. IIS*Case uses specialized algorithms for checking the consistency of constraints embedded in a database schema and its subschemas. This paper briefly outlines the application of the process of detecting collisions, and actions the designer may take to resolve them. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NOAH: A CSP‐based language for describing the behaviour of coupled models
Authors: Armstrong C. W. , Ford R. W. , Freeman T. L. , Riley G. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractScientists in many fields rely on computational simulations that are built from a collection of separate, inter‐communicating single models (e.g. Earth System Models often consist of single models of the ocean, atmosphere and land processes); these simulations are called coupled models. Coupled models allow scientists to simulate richer scientific phenomena than is possible by running single models alone. Scientific interest is typically focused on the investigation served by a coupled model, rather than the complex and inadequately supported software engineering activity of constructing it. In response to this lack of support, a coupling methodology called the Flexible Coupling Approach (FCA) has been developed at the University of Manchester together with a tool that implements this approach, the Bespoke Framework Generator (BFG). Whilst being adequate for a large class of coupled models (e.g., many Earth System Models), the BFG is unable to handle coupled models with complex behavioural requirements (in terms of the scheduling and inter‐communication of single models). To capture these more complex expressions of behaviour, this paper introduces NOAH, a domain‐specific language that is implemented in the formalism Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP), and which is used by a new implementation of the FCA, called the CSP‐based Framework Generator (CFG). NOAH is introduced through two example coupled models which have complex behavioural requirements. NOAH represents the first attempt to bring the advantages of using formal descriptions of coupled models to application scientists, providing a language in which to specify coupled model behaviour precisely and the ability to check that a coupled model is deadlock free using tools such as the Failures‐Divergence Refinement (FDR) model checker. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic side effects accompanying gene targeting in yeast: the influence of short heterologous termini
Authors: Svetec Ivan‐Krešimir , Štafa Anamarija , Zgaga Zoran 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe investigated the influence of short terminal heterologies on recombination between transforming linear DNA fragments and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. The efficiency of plasmid integration to the CYC1 locus (ends‐in assay) was decreased more than five‐fold when the size of terminal heterology exceeded 28 nucleotides (nt) and a similar inhibitory effect was also observed in the ends‐out assay (replacement of the ura3‐52 allele by the URA3 gene). Plasmid integration occurred almost exclusively in the target homology and was accompanied by excessive degradation of the heterologous termini. Illegitimate integrations were much more frequent in the ends‐out transformation in both the absence (8.9%) and the presence (23.7%) of 45/46 heterologous nucleotides at the ends of the transforming fragment. Interestingly, only about 60% of transformants arose by simple gene replacement, regardless of the presence of heterologous ends, whereas more complex interactions resulted in gene or whole chromosome duplications. Our results warn that different genetic alterations may be introduced in the host strain during ends‐out transformation but also indicate possible mechanisms for formation of duplications in the genome. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Über die Anfangswertaufgabe in der Theorie der Rayleigh wellen
Authors: Hardtwig Erwin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Bewegungen, die von den Massenpunkten eines, den Halbraum erfüllen den elastischen (oder fastelastischen) Mediums ausgeführt werden, hängen davon ab, aus welchen Anfangsbedingungen heraus sie erfolgen. Die Bestimmung dieser Bewegungen wird für den Fall durchgeführt, daß Anfangsverschiebung und Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Oberflächenpunkte vorgegeben sind. Der zwei‐ und dreidimensionale Fall werden getrennt behandelt.
Kondensationsstöße bei kompressibler Strömung an gewölbten Wänden. Prof. Dr. L. Prandtl zum 70. Geburtstag
Authors: Frössel W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn Strömungen mit adiabatischer Abkühlung treten bei Überschreiten der Sättigungsgrenze statt Nebelbildungen Unterkühlungen des Wasserdampfes ein, die erst bei einer bestimmten unteren Grenze stoßartig zusammenbrechen und dadurch den Kondensationsstoß erzeugen.
Zur Membrantheorie der Drehschalen negativer Krümmung. Herrn Prof. Dr. L. Prandtl zum 70. Geburtstag
Authors: Flügge W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür Drehschalen negativer Krümmung hat die Differentialgleichung der Membranschnittkräfte reelle Charakteristiken. Daraus folgen Besonderheiten des Spannungszustandes, durch die sich diese Schalen von den kuppelartigen Schalen positiver Krümmung wesentlich unterscheiden. Sie werden mit mathematisch einfachen Mitteln dargestellt, und es wird auf die Notwendigkeit einer genaueren Untersuchung hingewiesen.
Runge‐Kutta‐Verfahren zur numerischen Integration von Differentialgleichungen n‐ter Ordnung
Authors: Zurmühl Rudolf 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn Verallgemeinerung der meist benutzten Runge‐Kutta‐Formel für Differentialgleichungen 1. Ordnung wird ein Integrationsverfahren nach dem Runge‐Kutta ‐ Prinzip zur unmittelbaren Integration von Differentialgleichungen beliebig hoher Ordnung angegeben, welches sich gegenüber dem gewöhnlichen Runge‐Kutta ‐ Verfahren durch eine mit der Ordnungszahl n wachsende Genauigkeit und durch Arbeitsersparnis in Sonderfällen auszeichnet. Das Verfahren, welches insbesondere zur Integration von Differentialgleichungen 4. Ordnung vorteilhaft benutzt werden kann, wird an einem Zahlenbeispiel einer solchen Differentialgleichung erläutert.
Die Stabilität des Verdichtungsstoßes in einer konkaven Ecke
Authors: Richter Hans 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBei der Berechnung des Verdichtungsstoßes in einer konkaven Ecke oder bei ähnlichen stationären Problemen ist die Lösung im allgemeinen zweideutig („schwache”︁ und „starke”︁ Lösung). Die bisher üblichen Begründungen für die Bevorzugung der schwachen Lösung werden abgelehnt. Statt dessen wird eine instationäre, rein mechanische Stabilitätsbetrachtung durchgeführt, die sich auf die Abhängigkeit der Stromlinienknickung von der Stoßintensität stützt. Diese Stabilitätsbetrachtung zeigt, daß ein an einer starren Wand ansetzender starker Stoß instabil ist.
Über Rayleigh‐Wellen an der Grenzfläche zweier Medien
Authors: Koppe H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Rayleighsche Theorie der Oberflächenwellen wird auf die Verhältnisse an der Grenzfläche zweier Körper resp. eines Körpers gegen eine Flüssigkeit verallgemeinert. Im ersten Fall ergibt sich, daß nur unter bestimmten Bedingungen Grenzflächenwellen entstehen können, die dann immer schneller laufen als die Rayleigh‐Wellen im Körper größerer akustischer Dichte. Im zweiten Fall gibt es immer Grenzflächen, die stets langsamer laufen als die Rayleight‐Wellen in der festen Komponente.
Role Of Ultrasonography in Predicting Malignancy in Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Moon Hyeong‐Gon , Jung Eun‐Jung , Park Soon‐Tae , Ha Woo‐Song , Choi Sang‐Kyung , Hong Soon‐Chan , Lee Young‐Joon , Joo Young‐Tae , Jeong Chi‐Young , Choi Dae‐Seob , Ryoo Jae‐Wook 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe use of ultrasonography (USG) has become an essential part of endocrine surgical practice. We evaluated the value of USG in predicting malignancy of thyroid nodules. The accuracy of USG in 857 patients who underwent fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) with or without surgery was analyzed in a prospective setting. The diagnostic accuracy of USG was compared to that of FNA and of combined models in 153 operated patients. The malignancy‐predicting value of USG in follicular neoplasms and its relation to nodule size were also investigated. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy (OA) of USG were 84.9%, 95.5%, and 93.7%, respectively. In operated patients, USG had accuracy comparable to that of FNA and combined models (sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 90.6%, OA 92.0%) regardless of nodule size but showed a significant rate of indeterminate results (29.4%). For follicular neoplasms, the sensitivity, specificity, and OA of USG were 100%, 95.4%, and 96.1%, respectively, with indeterminate results for three malignant nodules (42.8%). This acceptable malignancy‐predicting value of USG in thyroid nodules supports the potential role of USG for predicting malignancy in selected patients with thyroid nodules. However, the high rate of indeterminate results precludes it from being a standard independent diagnostic method for the present time.
Lung Function after the Minimal Invasive Pectus Excavatum Repair (Nuss Procedure)
Authors: Aronson Daniel C. , Bosgraaf Remko P. , Merz Eva‐Maria , van Steenwijk Reindert P. , van Aalderen Wim M. C. , van Baren Robertine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe Nuss procedure was introduced at our center in 1999. The operation was mainly performed for cosmesis. Little information is available regarding the influence of this operation on lung function.MethodsThe aim of this study, a prospective analysis, was to analyze the effect of the Nuss procedure on lung function variables. Between 1999 and 2007 a total of 203 patients with pectus excavatum were treated with the Nuss procedure, of whom 145 (104 male, 41 female) were located at Emma Children’s Hospital. In the latter subset of consecutive patients, static lung function variables [total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC), vital capacity (VC)] and dynamic lung function variables [forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1), maximum expiratory flow (MEF50)] were performed using spirometry and body box measurements at four time points: prior to operation (T0), 6 months after the Nuss procedure (T1, n = 111), prior to removal of the Nuss bar (T2, n = 74), and 6 months after removal (T3, n = 53). All values were expressed as a percent of normal values for sex, age, and height. Results were compared with a paired‐samples t‐test, with the level of significance at p = 0.05.ResultsAt 6 months after bar insertion the TLC, FRC, VC, FEV1, and MEF50 showed a significant increase; and prior to bar removal the FRC and MEF50 showed significantly increased values. At 6 months after Nuss bar removal, none of the lung function variables showed any significant change compared to the preoperative values.ConclusionAfter the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum, there was no improvement of pulmonary function, but neither was the patient’s pulmonary function harmed by resolving a largely cosmetic problem.
Synchronous Resection of Colorectal Primary Cancer and Liver Metastases
Authors: Yan Tristan D. , Chu Francis , Black Deborah , King Denis W. , Morris David L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundPatients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases are thought to have a less favorable prognosis than those with colorectal cancer alone. Surgical treatment options are controversial, be it synchronous resection or staged resection. This study compared the clinical, perioperative, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) results of patients undergoing synchronous resection versus staged resection.MethodsAn observational cohort study of 103 patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases was performed. All data were collected prospectively. Clinical, perioperative, DFS, and OS results of patients undergoing synchronous resection (group I, n = 73) and staged resection (group II, n = 30) were compared.ResultsMore patients in group I had poorly differentiated colorectal cancer, bilobar liver metastases, more than three liver metastases, ≤4 cm liver metastases, and shorter hospital stays than patients in group II. There were no significant statistically differences in DFS and OS between the two groups. The median DFS of groups I and II were 28 and 26 months, respectively (p = 0.585). The median OS of groups I and II were 37 and 36 months, respectively (p = 0.900).ConclusionsSynchronous resection achieved DFSs and OSs similar to those seen after staged resection while avoiding a second major operation.
Prognosis and Prognostic Factors of Follicular Carcinoma in Japan: Importance of Postoperative Pathological Examination
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Higashiyama Takuya , Takamura Yuuki , Miya Akihiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Matsuzuka Fumio , Kuma Kanji , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundFollicular carcinoma is known to show a worse prognosis than papillary carcinoma because of distant metastasis in higher incidence. However, few studies have been published regarding the prognosis of follicular carcinoma patients in Japan, which prompted us to investigate this issue.MethodsWe examined the prognosis and whether and how various clinicopathological features have affected disease‐free survival (DFS) and cause‐specific survival (CSS) of 334 patients who underwent initial surgery for follicular carcinoma.ResultsIn 18 patients (5.4%), curative surgery could not be achieved because of distant metastasis at surgery in 17 patients and local extension in 1 patient. For 316 patients who underwent curative surgery, 5‐year and 10‐year DFS rates were 88.4% and 75.3%, respectively. Poorly differentiated carcinoma and widely invasive carcinoma, together with some conventional prognostic factors, predicted poorer DFS of patients. On multivariate analysis, poorly differentiated carcinoma was an independent prognostic factor for DFS. The 5‐year and 10‐year CSS rates for these 334 patients were 96.4% and 90.4%, respectively. Curative surgery and poorly differentiated carcinoma were recognized as independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsWe can hypothesize that follicular carcinoma in Japan is generally a nonaggressive disease with a good prognosis. However, because poorly differentiated or widely invasive carcinomas showed a worse prognosis, postoperative pathological examination is important in predicting patient prognosis.
Phenotypic plasticity and contemporary evolution in introduced populations: evidence from translocated populations of white sands pupfish (Cyrpinodon tularosa)
Authors: Collyer Michael L. , Stockwell Craig A. , Adams Dean C. , Reiser M. Hildegard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractContemporary evolution has been shown in a few studies to be an important component of colonization ability, but seldom have researchers considered whether phenotypic plasticity facilitates directional evolution from the invasion event. In the current study, we evaluated body shape divergence of the New Mexico State‐threatened White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa) that were introduced to brackish, lacustrine habitats at two different time in the recent past (approximately 30 years and 1 year previously) from the same source population (saline river environment). Pupfish body shape is correlated with environmental salinity: fish from saline habitats are characterized by slender body shapes, whereas fish from fresher, yet brackish springs are deep‐bodied. In this study, lacustrine populations consisted of an approximately 30‐year old population and several 1‐year old populations, all introduced from the same source. The body shape divergence of the 30‐year old population was significant and greater than any of the divergences of the 1‐year old populations (which were for the most part not significant). Nonetheless, all body shape changes exhibited body deepening in less saline environments. We conclude that phenotypic plasticity potentially facilitates directional evolution of body deepening for introduced pupfish populations.
Are quantum dots ready for in vivo imaging in human subjects?
Authors: Cai Weibo , Hsu Andrew R , Li Zi-Bo , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to profoundly transform the nature of cancer diagnosis and cancer patient management in the future. Over the past decade, quantum dots (QDs) have become one of the fastest growing areas of research in nanotechnology. QDs are fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles suitable for multiplexed in vitro and in vivo imaging. Numerous studies on QDs have resulted in major advancements in QD surface modification, coating, biocompatibility, sensitivity, multiplexing, targeting specificity, as well as important findings regarding toxicity and applicability. For in vitro applications, QDs can be used in place of traditional organic fluorescent dyes in virtually any system, outperforming organic dyes in the majority of cases. In vivo targeted tumor imaging with biocompatible QDs has recently become possible in mouse models. With new advances in QD technology such as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, synthesis of smaller size non-Cd based QDs, improved surface coating and conjugation, and multifunctional probes for multimodality imaging, it is likely that human applications of QDs will soon be possible in a clinical setting.