bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy Planning Accuracy in Terms of C.T. Numbers and Inhomogeneity Correction Techniques: Presented at the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine (New Zealand Branch) Conference, November 1986, Hamilton, New Zealand
Authors: METCALFE P.E. , BECKHAM W.A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe use of C.T. scanners in radiotherapy planning is becoming widespread. It is essential therefore that adequate assessment of the reliability of the C.T. acquired data for planning purposes is carried out. It is also important that all makes of C.T. scanner be assessed due to their varying characteristics.Dose computation inaccuracies have to be considered also if one is to get an estimate of the overall accuracy of a given radiotherapy planning technique. In general, it would appear that until the convolution techniques become commercially available the Radiotherapy computer is now the primary source of dose calculation error, due to inadquacies in commonly used inhomogeneity correction algorithms.ABSTRACTA protocol is described for assessing the accuracy of radiotherapy plans produced using C.T. derived electron density information. Essentially there are two main sources of error, those coming from various C.T. related inaccuracies and those from inaccuracies in the radiotherapy dose calculation algorithms. The various subdivisions of these two sources of inaccuracy are discussed in detail.More specifically this paper deals with the effective depth method of inhomogeneity correction, but sufficient generality is applied to the discussion to enable the same analysis to be applied to other dose calculation algorithms.It would appear that with state of the art C.T. scanning that the area which introduces the greatest errors is now radiotherapy computing accuracy. Until convolution correction techniques become commercially available this will probably continue to be the case.
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis
Authors: CHEONG WING‐YEE , WANG YEE‐TANG , TAN LENNY K.A. , CHEAH ELIZABETH S.T. , POH SOO‐CHUAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe report a 51 year old woman with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in whom the diagnosis was made by transbronchial lung biopsy and magnification radiography. Computerised axial tomography of the thorax revealed dense interstitial infiltration and diffuse pleural calcification.
Urethral Hemangioma—A Case Report
Authors: GUPTA S. K. , BHATNAGAR B. N. S. , GUPTA SUNIL K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA case of extensive hemangioma of the anterior urethra associated with hemangioma of glans penis in a twenty years male showing urethro‐venous intravasation on retrograde urethrography is reported.
The Intravenous Pyelogram in Rend Colic
Authors: WEISS A. , PRICE R. , SAGE M. , BARRATT L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe medical records and IVP examinations of 143 patients presenting with renal colic have been reviewed. The study has demonstrated that renal colic is more common in males, is rare under the age of 20 and may be precipitated by dehydration. The IVP has been shown to be a useful examination in renal colic due to nephrolithiasis, providing guidance to management. The majority of patients with renal colic due to nephrolithiasis will have partial obstruction on IVP by a radiopaque calculus, less than 4 mm in diameter which will pass spontaneously, reflecting the generally benign nature of this condition.
Sterno‐Costoclavicular Hyperostosis A Report of Two New Cases and Review
Authors: GEAKE T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSterno‐costoclavicular hyperostosis is a benign condition of unknown aetiology comprising bony hyperostosis and soft tissue ossification between clavicles and manubrium and upper ribs. This is a relatively rare condition worldwide, initially described in 1974 (Sonazaki et al 1974) but is being increasingly recognised and documented in orthopaedic and radiologcal literature. The clinical presentation of ph and erythema over the sterno‐clavicular remon and manubrium associated with typical radiologd features should suggest the diagnosis and may obviate the need for biopsy.
Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in a Young Chinese Patient
Authors: WALLINGTON MARGARET M. , SHIU WESLEY C.T. , MARTIN W.M. CRAIG 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the case history of a young Chinese male who developed hyper‐trophic osteoarthropathy associated with pulmonary metastases less than one year after successful treatment by radiotherapy of a poorly
Tumoral Calcinosis in Children (Report of 13 Cases)
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , BARYLAK A. , CAMPBELL J. , DIARD F. , MASEL J. , MASSEN R. , KAN A.E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY13 cases of Tumoral Calcinosis in children from 6 Paediatric Institutions are presented. Rare localisations and importance of CT investigation are stressed. The youngest patient with Tumoral Calcinosis and another in whom Tumoral Calcinosis was associated with Acroosteolysis & Idiopathic Osteoporosis are described.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Intracranial Aneurysm clips
Authors: CONDON P.M. , ROBERTSON A.R. , LENNON‐GEORGE J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSix different types of Intracranial Aneurysm Clips representative of those used in South Australian Neurosurgical practice were tested for their ferromagnetic quality measured by deflection at the portal of a 1.0 Tesla superconductive M.R.I. unit.One clip (Sugita) exhibited no deflection and was regarded as non‐ferromagnetic.Radiographic identification of the Sugita Intracranial Aneurysm clip appears possible.
Extrathoracic Metastatic Thymoma A Case Report
Authors: JOSE C.C. , JOHN S. , SINGH A.D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of malignant thymoma who developed an extrathoracic metastatic lesion in the lumbar vertebra three years later, is presented. Radiotherapy can be used effectively in the local control of this disease as well as in the metastatic lesions.
Radionuclide Assessment of Patency of Pericardio‐Peritoneal Shunt
Authors: JOST G. MACK , ANDREWS J.T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTechnetium labelled compounds can be used as tracers in the serous cavity of the abdomen and thorax. Here we describe the use of Technetium Sulphur Colloid to assess the patency of a pericardial peritoneal shunt inserted to drain a pericardial effusion.
Rationales for the Use of Intravenous Contrast Medium in Computed Tomography
Authors: ALBERTYN LYNDA E. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThere are currently many computed tomographic units with differing performance capabilities, resulting in confusion over protocols for contrast medium usage. Additionally, the development of the safer but more expensive low osmolar contrast agents has increased interest in evolving clearer indications for contrast medium usage in C.T. scanning.Rationales for the use of intravenous agents in C.T. scanning are proposed. These include the labelling of normal structures for anatomic clarification, the assessment of perfusion, the characterisation of a specific lesion, CT Angiography, demonstration of defects in the blood brain barrier and the phenomenon of neovascularity. The logical use of contrast agents should involve the deliberate invocation of one or more of these mechanisms coupled with the appropriate technique of administration.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Project Planning and Management of a Superconductive M.R.I. Installation
Authors: CONDON P.M. , ROBERTSON A.R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe planning and installation of a Superconductive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (M.R.I.) installation is described at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia. Tender specification, assessment of offers via criteria weighted analysis of technical and economic factors and the final recommendation for a 1.0 Tesla unit are discussed. Building and installation considerations are noted including fringe field effects, magnetic shielding, radiofrequency shielding, cryogens, metallic screening and specific considerations in the Magnet room.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Cerebellopontine Angle Tumours
Authors: LONERAGAN R. , DOUST B. , FAGAN P. , TONKIN J. , DONCHEY S. , BRAZIER D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn the evaluation of tumours of the cerebellopontine angle MRI has a sensitivity and a specificity slightly greater than that of CT. At present it does not appear justified to displace CT as the standard means of investigation of a CPA tumour. The role of MRI is analagous to that of air‐CT.
The Radiology of Cystic Liver Tumours
Authors: PHILIPS R.L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSix patients with cystic liver tumours are presented. The definitive diagnosis of such cystic lesions may be difficult and needle aspiration or biopsy or even operation may be necessary. Clinical and biochemical features may be helpful and in five of the six patients presented, the liver function tests were abnormal. In two patients, diagnostic imaging could not distinguish the tumour from a benign cyst. The differential diagnosis of such cystic liver tumours includes simple cyst, polycystic liver disease, hydatid, liver abscess, haematoma and biloma.
Caecal Herniation Through the Foramen of Winslow
Authors: LEMISH WAYNE , CAMERON DAVID 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCaecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and the pre‐operative diagnosis is rarely made. A patient with caecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow is presented and differentiation from caecal volvulus is stressed. In caecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow the “hilum” of the kidney shaped loop of bowel points towards the foramen of Winslow rather than the right iliac fossa.
The Effects of Water Soluble Contrast Agents on the Respiratory Tract
Authors: LOVETT IAN , DONCHEY STEVEN , DOUST BRUCE , BRANSON JOHN , MUNRO VINCENT 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe water soluble contrast agents GastrografinR (Sodium diatrizoate and meglumine diatrizoate, Schering, Berlin), Iopamiro 300 R (Iopamidol, Schering, Berlin), and Dionosil AqueousR (propyliodone BP, Glaxo, England) were instilled into the tracheobronchial tree of rats in doses of either 0.1 ml and 0.25 ml. Rats being used as controls, underwent sham operations with the instillation of air instead of contrast agent. In all, 85 rats were used. All rats that had not already died from the effects of contrast agent were sacrificed 30 minutes after instillation.The relative effects of the contrast agents were measured by comparing: 1. survival time; 2. radiographic effects of the contrast agents on the lungs and; 3. pathological changes as estimated by post mortem lung section andmicroscopy.The least toxic agent was the one with the lowest osmotic activity, namely Aqueous Dionosil.It is therefore recommended that Aqueous Dionosil be used in preference to Gastrografin or Iopamidol for studies of the oesophagus whenever there is a danger of aspiration of contrast agent into the tracheobronchial tree.
The Role of Dynamic Corpora Cavernosography in the Management of Impotence
Authors: GLANCY JOHN J. , WISNIEWSKI Z. STAN , EARLE CAROLYN M. , KEOGH EDWARD J. , WAITERS GREGORY R. , TULLOCH ALASTAIR G.S. , LORD DAVID J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSixty eight impotent men underwent corpora cavernosography and corpora cavernosal pressure measurements during saline infusion. Nineteen of the men had internal pudendal arteriograms. Correlation between the cavernosograms and saline infusion induced pressure measurements was “good” in 56/66(84%), “approximate” in 5/66(8%) and there was no correlation in 5/66(8%). Two patients were excluded for technical reasons. The spread of results and the good correlation of the two tests speaks for the accuracy of the method. It was of value in diagnosis and will be of paramount importance if veno occlusive surgery becomes a reliable method of treatment.
Neonatal Posterior Fossa Haemorrhage: A Difficult Ultrasound Diagnosis
Authors: de CAMPO MARGARET 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTFour newborn neonates with a historyof birth trauma and significant neurological signs were examined with both ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) performed within hours of each other. Ultrasound was inadequate in initial assessment, as it missed or underestimated posterior fossa haemorrhage, particularly where this was extraparenchymal or vermian. CT is the examination of choice in these patients.
Metastatic Thymoma: Case Report
Authors: STEVENS MARK J. , BIGGS BERNARD J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA patient with myasthenia gravis who developed skeletal metastases 9 years following the complete excision of a thymoma is described. Several aspects of the case were noteworthy:

the original thymoma failed to demonstrate evidence of capsular invasion,
the association of myasthenia gravis with metastatic predominantly epithelial cell thymoma has not been previously documented, and
the time to development of metastatic disease is the second longest interval reported in the medical literature. The clinical implications of these features are discussed.
Problem‐Solving Model in Radiology for Medical Students
Authors: BLANE C.E. , VYDARENY K.H. , HAKEN J.D. TEN , CALHOUN J.G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCurrent undergraduate medical education is criticized for not preparing physicians to be independent thinkers. The rapid development of new imaging techniques and the problem of escalating medical costs call for efficient patient management, The development of algorithms in imaging work‐up of patient problems is an excellent example of problem solving or medical decision making. The senior elective in radiology at our institution incorporates this type of problem‐solving session. Small groups (15–25 students) with faculty guidance discuss 5–6 common patient problems to develop an investigative plan in imaging. Algorithms are thus developed by the group, but not presented for memorization. Small changes are then made in the case history so that the students are forced to make new hypotheses and generate a modified algorithm. Correlative costs are included. Flexibility and initiative in development of patient management algorithms are stressed.
Unusual Manifestation of Intramedullary Haematopoiesis in Thalassaemia Major (Report of 2 Cases)
Authors: RAO MEERA , MUKHOPADHYAY SIMA , BHARGAVA S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT2 cases of thalassaemia reported with skeletal changes of severe haemolytic anaemia with the striking feature of extra‐medullary haematopoiesis in relation to anterior ends of the rib. This is a rare finding in thalassaemia and is a manifestation of long‐standing disease found in thalassaemia intermedia.
Magnetic Resonance in Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: GUPTA R.K. , KAKAR A.K. , JENA A. , MISHRA P.K. , KHUSHU S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwelve cases of obstructive jaundice in whom ultrasound failed to demonstrate the site and/or the cause of obstruction of the biliary tract were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), correctly diagnosing the site and cause of obstruction in 10 of 12 surgically proven cases. In one case of cholangiocarcinoma, the site of obstruction was well shown on MR but a definite cause could not be ascertained. In another patient who developed intermittent jaundice following surgery for choledochal cyst, MR demonstrated a solitary stone in the common hepatic duct. Surgical confirmation could not be achieved as the patient was lost to follow up. There were 6 cases of choledocholithiasis, 3 cases of gall bladder carcinoma and one case each of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. It is believed that MRI will provide obstructive jaundice and will be able to minimize the use of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in view of its ability to perform multiplanar imaging in multiple sequences.
Primary Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Stomach: (A Case Report)
Authors: RATHAKRISHNAN VIMALAH , ARIANAYAGAM SHOBANA , KUMAR G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA case of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the stomach is reported. The patient was a 51‐year‐old man who had a laparotomy for a malignant gastric tumour diagnosed by radiological studies and endoscopic examination. An inoperable gastric malignancy was found at operation. Histopathological studies of tissue biopsied at surgery showed characteristic light microscopic findings and strong positivity for alpha‐1‐antitrypsin by immunoperoxidase technique indicating the diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The absence of any other soft tissue or retroperitoneal tumour strongly indicated the stomach is the primary site.
A Comparison of Different Doses of Non‐Ionic Contrast Media in I.V. Urography
Authors: EAGAR G.M. , MALING T.M. , BILLINGS J.D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study attempts to find out what is the appropriate dose of non‐ionic contrast media to provide an acceptable study at the lowest possible cost.139 adults with normal renal function were studied. Four different dose regimes were employed and a standardised set of I.V.U. films were obtained. These were reviewed by two independent assessors who were unaware of the dose regime used. Each I.V.U. was scored on a modified Fry regime.This survey showed a clear relationship between quality and dosage.
CT Findings in Melioidosis
Authors: SINGCHAROEN T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCT findings in 5 patients with melioidosis were presented. Lungs lesions consisted of upper lobe infiltration with a small thin‐walled cavity in 2 cases and lower lobe consolidation without cavity in another case. Pleural lesions may be seen as a small pleural nodule, effusion with associated lung lesion, hydropneumo‐thorax as a complication or the end stage fibrothorax due to chronic empyema thoracis. In one case hepato‐splenic microabscesses were observed.
Microcy stic Adenoma of the Pancreas — An Incidental Finding
Authors: PIKE J. , EHSANI MOHAMMAD TAGHI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMicrocystic adenoma of the pancreas is a rare benign pancreatic tumour usually occurring in elderly females. These tumours have characteristic radiological appearances that should allow their differentiation from the potentially malignant macrocystic adenoma as well as other cystic lesions of the pancreas. A case of a large micro‐cystic adenoma of the pancreas found incidentally in a patient with carcinoma of the kidney is presented.
Indications for Surgical or Radiological Placement of Cannulas for Intra‐arterial Induction Chemotherapy
Authors: WAUGH RICHARD C. , STEPHENS FREDERICK O. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIntra‐arterial chemotherapy achieves a higher concentration and increased total dose of drugs to a locally advanced cancer. This principle is increasingly being applied for pretreatment of advanced or aggressive localised tumours to make them more curable by subsequent radiotherapy. This is sometimes called “neo‐adjuvant” chemotherapy but better called INDUCTION chemotherapy (Stephens 1989).
The Evaluation of Thoracic Paraspinal Neurogenic Tumours The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: MORGAN P. W. , KHANGURE M. S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTParaspinal neurogenic tumours may have associated intraspinal tumour extension. It is important that such extension be accurately defined preoperatively in order that an appropriate surgical approach may be planned. It has been suggested in the literature that MRI (where available) should replace myelography and post myelographic CT in the preoperative evaluation of these patients.The literature is reviewed and the potential role of MRI is illustrated in three cases.
CT of Genitourinary Calcification due to Schistosomiasis
Authors: FATAAR S. , RUDWAN M. , BASSIONY H. , SATYANATH S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCalcification of the ureters, bladder and seminal vesicles was detected in six patients studied on computed tomography (CT) for evaluation of genitourinary schistosomiasis and in four others examined for intestinal schistosomiasis. Other findings included pyelocaliectasis in ten kidneys, vesical carcinoma in one, seminal vesicle granuloma in one and non‐visceral calcification in pelvic tissue in one patient.
Radiotherapy and Oncology in Papua New Guinea ‐ How it Differs from Western Practice
Authors: MARTIN W. M. CRAIG 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis article describes differences in professional oncology practice between Papua New Guinea and developed countries. The rugged terrain and tribalism have created the late persistence of a stone age culture with a low level of education and this in turn has caused the late presentation of tumours. Paradoxically the commonest cancers are those which are frequently cured in Western countries, yet the cure rates are low in PNG due to late presentation. Despite this very few metastasize ‐ in contrast to cancers in developed countries. Difficulties in diagnosis are discussed. Differences in management arise due to lack of facilities such as electrons or iridium wires, but policy differences arise also due to the poor follow‐up. Many patients cannot afford to return for follow‐up and the government cannot assist. Many patients abscond and good pre‐treatment counselling is essential. Chemotherapy is available but doses of the more marrow‐toxic or expensive drugs are reduced in view of the poor support facilities. Problems of training staff and of Cancer Registration are discussed. Most of the above problems are non‐medical and should gradually diminish with government determination to provide a Health Service to benefit the whole population.
Low Dose Rate Teletherapy Using a Telecaesium 137 Unit Radiobiological, Physical and Clinical Considerations
Authors: COOPER S. G. , CARDEW A. P. , FERGUSON S. , JOSEPH D. J. , HAMILTON C. S. , DENHAM J. W. , WILLIAMS A. R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTLow dose rate teletherapy aims to combine the supposedly superior results obtained with low dose rate implants with the convenience and staff protection characteristics of external beam therapy. Previous investigators have used telecobalt units to produce dose rates of 1.1 to 1.8 Gy/hr to treat in daily sessions lasting 6–10 hours to total doses of 60–70 Gy. These studies have not discounted the possibility that much of the advantage of interstitial implants results from the low dose rates used per se, and from the fact that the total dose is delivered in a short overall time. The relationship between total dose, dose rate and volume giving normal tissue and anti‐tumour effects, however, remains ill‐defined. At the Newcastle Mater Misericordiae Hospital a Caesium teletherapy unit has been modified to treat at low dose rates and a study has been designed with a view to establish which permutations of total dose and dose rate are isoeffective for acute mucosal and acute skin reactions in the dose rate range between 0.8 and 9.6 Gy/hr (1.3 and 16 cGy/min).
Diverticular Mass Mimicking Ovarian Malignancy
Authors: ADLER B. D. , BREIDAHL P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA patient is described with a large diverticular mass presenting with a clinical picture suggestive of locally advanced ovarian malignancy. Computed tomography demonstrated diffuse thickening of the wall of the sigmoid colon with infiltration of the peri‐colonic fat. The imaging diagnosis of primary bowel wall disease was confirmed pathologically.
Primary Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Terminal Ileum with Enterovesical Fistula : A Case Report
Authors: NURUDDIN REGINA N. , RATHAKRISHNAN VIMALAH 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA case of primary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the terminal ileum with enterovesical fistula is reported.A 50‐year‐old Malay man presented with haematuria, dysuria and per‐rectal bleeding. Intravenous urogram, double contrast enema and an MDP bone scintigram showed a fistulous communication between the bladder and distal ileum. At laparotomy, a large tumour attaching the terminal ileum to the dome of the bladder was found. Histopathological examination of resected small bowel revealed a diffuse histiocytic non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small bowel. The bladder mucosa was shown to be normal.