bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buffy‐Coat‐Derived Platelet Concentrates Prepared from Half‐Strength Citrate CPD and CPD Whole‐Blood Units: Comparison between Three Additive Solutions: In vitro Studies
Authors: Gulliksson H. , Eriksson L. , Högman C.F. , Payrat J.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe in vitro effects of storage of platelets prepared from 4 or 6 pooled buffy coat (BC) units and stored in a platelet storage medium consisting of 30–40% of CPD plasma or alternatively half‐strength citrate CPD (0.5 CPD) plasma and 60–70% of different alternative platelet additive solutions (PASs) were evaluated. Measurements of mean platelet volume, pH, pO2, pCO2, bicarbonate, glucose, lactate, ATP, total adenine nucleotide content, extracellular lactate dehydrogenase or adenylate kinase activity, as markers for disintegration of platelets, and extracellular β‐thromboglobulin, as a marker for activation of platelets, were included in the in vitro studies. Previous studies indicated that a reduction of the citrate concentration from the standard 21 to 8 mmol/l is associated with a significant reduction of the consumption of glucose and production of lactate. Alternatively, similar effects can be obtained by the addition of acetate. In a preliminary paired study, the effects of different concentrations of acetate were tested. In an additional paired study, the effects of CPD plasma in combination with either saline or a PAS containing NaCl (115.5 mmol/l), citrate (10 mmol/l), and acetate (30 mmol/l), pH 7.2 (PAS‐2) were evaluated. 0.5CPD plasma in combination with either PAS‐2 or a nonacetate PAS (PAS‐1) were also tested. The storage of platelets in 0.5CPD plasma was used as a reference. The conclusions are: (1) A minimum acetate concentration of 30 mmol/l is needed to counteract the effects of citrate on the production of lactate. (2) pH and the bicarbonate buffering capacity are significantly better maintained in PAS‐2 than in PAS‐1. With PAS‐2, a significantly lower consumption of glucose and a significantly lower production of lactate are also observed. (3) When the storage period exceeds 5 days, PAS‐2 is superior to saline as plasma diluent with regard to the maintenance of pH. (4) A significantly lower consumption of glucose was noted in 0.5CPD plasma diluted with PAS‐2 as compared to undiluted 0.5CPD plasma. A significantly better maintenance of bicarbonate buffering capacity was also seen. (5) By comparing PAS‐2 in combination with either CPD or 0.5CPD, significantly lower values for pCO2 and consumption of glucose were observed with 0.5CPD. The levels of pH and pO2 are significantly higher with 0.5CPD. We conclude that PAS‐2 during 9‐day storage is associated with the most stable storage conditions with regard to the in vitro variables used in this study. The results suggest that at least 7 days storage of PCs in a medium consisting of 30% of either standard CPD or 0.5CPD plasma and 70% PAS‐2 is possible.
Storage of Platelet Concentrates from Overnight‐Stored Blood and Overnight‐Stored Buffy Coat: In vitro Studies
Authors: Rácz Z. , Baróti C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPlatelet concentrates (PCs) were prepared from single buffy coats derived from fresh blood and from blood units stored overnight, as well as from buffy coats that were stored overnight. The platelet yield from overnight‐stored buffy coats was similar to that of fresh blood or overnight‐stored blood. PCs were stored at 20–24°C and on day 5 of storage, platelet aggregation with ADP was tested both at 37 and 25°C. Stored platelets aggregated better at 25°C than 37°C. The maximal aggregation (10 μM ADP) of stored platelets from overnight‐stored buffy coats was 46±23% (n = 30), while that of stored platelets prepared either from fresh or overnight‐stored blood was 27±21% (n = 29) and 22±15% (n = 29), respectively. Extracellular lactate dehydrogenase and ammonia levels, as well as elastase activity were similar in stored PCs of different origin. Our conclusion is that PCs prepared from overnight‐stored buffy coat might also be suitable for storage and clinical use. In vivo studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Mixed‐Type Auto‐Immune Haemolytic Anaemia in a Patient with HIV Infection
Authors: De Angelis V. , Biasinutto C. , Pradella P. , Errante D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA young HIV‐infected patient presented with a severe auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia with both warm and cold auto‐antibodies, an infrequent category of anti‐erythrocyte auto‐immunity. Serological findings were compatible with the presence of a low‐titre, high‐thermal‐amplitude anti‐I cold‐reacting antibody and a pan‐reactive warm‐reactive auto‐antibody. Immunochemical characterisation of the warm antibody failed to identify any membrane protein acting as auto‐antigen. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of mixed‐type autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in a patient with HIV infection. Overt haemolysis is a very rare complication in HIV‐infected patients, despite the high prevalence of a positive direct antiglobulin test reported in these patients. This suggests that HIV infection is a condition in which anti‐erythrocyte auto‐immunity is a serological finding without haemolytic effects in the large majority of cases.
Bedside Transfusion Errors: Analysis of 2 Years' Use of a System to Monitor and Prevent Transfusion Errors
Authors: Mercuriali F. , Inghilleri G. , Colotti M.T. , Farè M. , Biffi E. , Vinci A. , Podico M. , Scalamogna R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractClerical errors occurring during specimen collection, issue and transfusion of blood are the most common cause of ABO incompatible transfusions. 40–50% of the transfusion fatalities result from errors in properly identifying the patient or the blood components. The frequency and type of errors observed, despite the implementation of measures to prevent them, suggests that errors are inevitable unless major changes in procedures are adopted. A fail‐safe system, which physically prevents the possibility of error, was adopted in January 1993 and concurrently a quality improvement program was implemented to monitor any transfusion errors. Up to December 1994, 10,995 blood units (5,057 autologous and 5,938 allogeneic) were transfused to 3,231 patients. Seventy‐one methodological errors (1/155 units) were observed, half of which were concentrated during the first 4 months of introducing the system. However the system detected and avoided four potentially fatal errors (1/2,748 units). Two cases involved the interchanging of recipient sample tubes, 1 case was due to patient misidentification and the other involved misidentification of blood units. In conclusion the system is effective in detecting otherwise undiscovered errors in transfusion practice and can prevent potential transfusion‐associated fatalities caused by misidentification of blood units or recipients.
Frequent Occurrence of a Variant O1 Gene at the Blood Group ABO Locus
Authors: Olsson Martin L. , Chester M. Alan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBlood group ABO polymorphism was analysed in genomic DNA isolated from 150 blood donors by restriction endonuclease digestion of three polymerase chain reaction‐amplified exons in the ABO genes and by sequencing of randomly selected samples. An anomalous O1 allele first described in a cancer cell line is now shown to account for approximately 40% of the O alleles described to date. This is 10 times more frequent than the only other known variant O allele (O2). This variant O1 allele has at least seven point mutations when compared to the consensus gene, in addition to the deletion characterising the normal O1 allele.
PEL, a ‘New’ High‐Frequency Red Cell Surface Antigen
Authors: Daniels G.L. , Simard H. , Goldman M. , Taliano V. , Fleury M. , Decary F. , Spurll G. , Garcia C. , Ouellet P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA ‘new’, inherited, high‐frequency blood group antigen has been named PEL and is numbered 901014. Two PEL‐propositi with anti‐PEL have been found, both French‐Canadians. Two other French‐Canadian propositi with very weak expression of PEL on their red cells have an antibody, provisionally named anti‐MTP, which does not react with PEL‐cells.
Genotype Frequencies of the Human Platelet Antigen, Ca/Tu, in Japanese, Determined by a PCR‐RFLP Method
Authors: Tanaka Shigenori , Taniue Atsuko , Nagao Nobuo , Tomita Tadao , Ohnoki Shiro , Shibata Hirotoshi , Okubo Yasuto , Yamaguchi Hideo , Shibata Yoichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecently, the polymorphism of a new human platelet antigen, Ca/Tu, was shown to be derived from a G‐A nucleotide substitution at base 1564 of GPIIIa cDNA, which leads to a single amino acid difference, Arg/Gln at amino acid 489 of GPIIIa. We developed a PCR‐RFLP method to determine the genotypes of Ca/Tu and their frequencies in a Japanese population. Fifteen Ca/Tua donors comprising 1 Ca/Tu(a/a) homozygous donor and 14 Ca/Tu(a/b) heterozygous donors were found among the 314 random donors analyzed. The frequencies of Ca/Tu genes were 0.025 (Ca/Tua) and 0.975 (Ca/Tub). The present study showed that the frequency of Ca/Tua individuals in the Japanese (15/314) was approximately 7‐fold higher than in the Finnish population (1/150) previously reported by Kekomäki et al. Therefore, attention must be given to the involvement of the Ca/Tu alloantigen in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and the refractoriness of platelet transfusion.
Coagulation Factor Activation in Stored Platelet Concentrates is Modulated by the Platelets
Authors: Gyöngyössy‐Issa Maria I. C. , Black Timothy , Devine Dana V. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTTo assess alterations in coagulation proteins in stored platelet concentrates, we used a series of platelet parameters and measures of coagulation activation to compare samples collected before unit donation, during the processing of platelet concentrates (PC) from CPDA‐1 blood, and in storage up to 5 days as well as stored platelet‐poor plasma (PPP). Storage‐dependent increases in activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were seen in both PC and PPP. However, FVII, FXI, FXII, kallikrein activity and prothrombin F1.2 levels remained unchanged in stored PC. Surprisingly, in stored PPP, significant alterations in FXII, FVII, kallikrein and prothrombin F1.2 levels were seen. Platelet morphology and surface marker studies demonstrated platelet activation during storage. These data suggest that the presence of platelets in the CLX storage container partially suppresses coagulation activation at significant cost to platelet viability.
Donor‐to‐Donor and Donor‐to‐Patient Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Kitchen Alan D. , Wallis Paul A. , Gorman Angela M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA patient was reported with suspected acute post‐transfusion hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 5 months after the transfusion of 2 units of red cells. The archived serum samples of the two implicated donations were retested by the original 3rd‐generation assay together with another 3rd‐generation assay and RI‐BA III, and were tested for HCV RNA using the PCR. Both donations were anti‐HCV negative but one was found to be PCR positive. This donor was a regular donor and was identified as the husband of a donor identified 18 months earlier as being HCV positive. This case is an example of transmission of HCV in the window period of infection, and a probable example of the transmission of HCV from wife to husband through intimate contact.
Analysis for Recovery and Loss of Mononuclear Cells and Colony‐Forming Units Granulocyte‐Macrophage during ex vivo Processing of Autologous Bone Marrow
Authors: Schwella N. , Heuft H. G. , Rick O. , Blasczyk R. , Wittmann G. , Huhn D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDuring ex vivo processing of autologous bone marrow (BM) substantial loss of stem and progenitor cells should be avoided to achieve rapid and sustained hematopoietic reconstitution after high‐dose radio‐/chemotherapy. We processed 25 autologous BM grafts with the Fresenius AS 104 cell separator for cryopreservation and we determined recoveries for mononuclear cells (MNC) and colony‐forming units granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐GM) in the BM concentrates. To identify cell loss in BM fractions not cryopreserved, we investigated the MNC and CFU‐GM content of BM fat and BM blood. MNC and CFU‐GM recovery yielded a mean (± SEM) of 42±12 and 54±20% in the BM concentrate. BM fat showed a mean loss of 7±5% for MNC and 4±3% for CFU‐GM, BM blood 30 ±12% for MNC and 13±13% for CFU‐GM, respectively. CFU‐GM recovery was significantly higher in the BM concentrate of patients with hematologic malignancy (HM) compared with patients suffering from germ cell cancer (GCC): 66 ±21 vs. 43±12% (p<0.02). Seventeen patients (7 GCC, 10 HM) underwent high‐dose chemotherapy or radio‐/chemotherapy and were autografted with 0.8 ±0.2times108 MNC/kg and 3.7±2.0×104 CFU‐GM/kg. All patients achieved engraftment with neutrophils >0.5×109/1 at a mean of 14±6 days. We conclude that: (1) ex vivo processing of autologous BM with a mean recovery of 42% for MNC and 54% for CFU‐GM in the BM concentrate can result in a cell population capable of sustained hematopoietic reconstitution, (2) CFU‐GM recovery is significantly higher in patients with HM than in patients with GCC and (3) 37% MNC and 17% CFU‐GM represent in fact cell losses recovered from BM fractions not cryopreserved (BM fat, BM blood). Furthermore, it is likely that MNC and CFU‐GM not recovered from BM concentrate, BM fat and BM blood are cell losses related to the cell separator.
Collaborative Study to Assess the Suitability of an HCV RNA Reference Sample for Detection of an HCV RNA in Plasma Pools by PCR
Authors: Saldanha J. , Minor P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA collaborative study was undertaken to examine the sensitivity and reproducibility of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA PCR assays of plasma pools in order to establish a reference sample for HCV PCR testing of plasma pools. Samples consisting of an HCV‐RNA‐positive donation diluted tenfold in an HCV‐RNA‐negative cryosupernatant were sent to 16 participating laboratories (including blood product manufacturers and control authorities). The results of the in‐house assays indicate that a lo‐4 dilution of the positive donation in the cryosupernatant could be used as the reference sample as this was the highest dilution of the positive donation that was detected in all assays. In contrast, the results obtained with a commercially available assay, designed for use with single‐donation plasma or serum (Roche AmplicorTM HCV test), were not so clear‐cut and the assay appeared to be ten‐fold less sensitive than the in‐house assays.
Inhibition of the Monocyte Chemiluminescent Response to Anti‐D‐Sensitized Red Cells by FcγRI‐Blocking Antibodies Which Ameliorate the Severity of Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: Shepard S. L. , Noble A. L. , Hadley A. G. , Filbey D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLuminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) may be used to measure the metabolic response of human monocytes to red cells sensitized by anti‐D. The functional activity of maternal anti‐D when measured in this way correlates with the severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in D‐positive fetuses. Occasionally, however, women with levels of functionally active anti‐D predictive of moderate to severe HDN may deliver D‐positive babies with unexpectedly mild disease. In the current study we have shown that serum from 12 of 15 such women contained monocyte‐binding IgG antibodies which blocked FcγRI and inhibited the CL response of moncytes to red cells sensitized with monoclonal anti‐D. In contrast, FcγRI‐blocking antibodies were found in the serum from only 4 of 11 women who were matched for anti‐D activity but who delivered babies with severe HDN (p < 0.05). Antibodies responsible for inhibition of CL responses were predominantly against HLA class I antigens. The CL response of monocytes to sensitized red cells was at least as sensitive to inhibition by FcγRI‐blocking antibodies as were phagocytic and lytic responses. Our data suggest that inhibition of the CL test is an objective, sensitive and relatively simple technique for detecting and investigating FcγRI‐blocking antibodies which may ameliorate the severity of HDN.
DNA‐Based Rhesus Typing: Simultaneous Determination of RHC and RHD Status Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Poulter Mark , Kemp Tim J. , Carritt Ben 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe describe a PCR‐based method of performing RHD and C/c typing in a single reaction. The method is based on an earlier observation of a polymorphism in intron 2 of both genes which, in addition to detecting the RHD deletion responsible for most known D‐negative phenotypes, is also associated with C/c serological type. Using this assay, we typed 105 unrelated individuals from at least four different population groups and compared the results to those obtained using conventional serological testing of red cells. An absolute correlation, with no exceptions, was seen. We also showed that the method has potential in the antenatal determination of RH type, as it was possible to type fetal trophoblasts recovered from the endocervical canal at 9 weeks pregnancy.
The D Antigen Characteristic of RoHar Is a Partial D Antigen
Authors: Wallace M. , Lomas‐Francis C. , Tippett P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe results of testing RoHarr cells with panels of monoclonal anti‐D suggest that the D antigen (referred to as DHar) encoded by the haplotype (D)c(e) Rh33 is a partial D antigen. IgM monoclonal anti‐D are more efficient than IgG monoclonal anti‐D in detecting DHar. DHar expresses some but not all of both epD5 and epD6/7 and appears to lack epD1‐epD4, epD8 and epD9.
Current Research on the Immunomodulatory Effect of Allogeneic Blood Transfusion
Authors: Dzik Sunny , Blajchman Morris A. , Blumberg Neil , Kirkley Scott A. , Heal Joanna M. , Wood Kathryn 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis review summarizes three aspects of current research on the immunomodulatory effect of allogeneic transfusion. Representatives of three laboratories ‐ each of which is actively engaged in research on transfusion‐induced immunomodulation ‐ summarize their current investigative approach. First, current animal models of transfusion‐induced immunomodulation are presented and research on the tumor growth‐promoting effect of allogeneic transfusion is described. Second, mechanisms underlying an immunomodulatory effect of transfusion are summarized and experiments on the induction of transplant tolerance by selective introduction of donor‐type MHC antigens is presented. Third, the potential clinical impact of increased infection and tumor recurrence resulting from transfusion‐induced immunomodulation is assessed. The potential role of donor‐derived hematopoietic stem cells is presented as an area of future investigation in the area of transfusion‐induced immunomodulation.
A Randomised Trial of Fibrin Sealant in Peripheral Vascular Surgery
Authors: Milne A. A. , Murphy W. G. , Reading S.J. , Ruckley C. V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a prospective randomised trial 39 patients undergoing either arterial bypass surgery with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bypass graft (n = 18) or aortic aneurysm repair with a woven Dacron graft (n = 21) were randomised either to receive fibrin sealant as a topical haemostatic agent at the arterial anastomosis or to act as control. The main outcome measure was the time taken to achieve haemostasis at the suture line. The median time to achieve haemostasis was 0.5 min (range 0–11 min) in the treatment group and 4 min (range 0–21 min) in the control group. This difference was statistically significant p < 0.014 by the Mann‐Whitney test. Immediate haemostasis on release of the clamps was achieved in 13/21 patients in the treatment group and in 4/18 patients in the control group (p = 0.023 by Fisher's exact test). There was no difference in total operative time or operative blood loss. No patients in the treatment group suffered any perioperative thromboembolic event and 1 patient in the control group suffered an early graft occlusion. There was no evidence of transmission of hepatitis B or C, or parvovirus B19. In conclusion, fibrin sealant is an effective topical haemostatic agent for arterial suture lines involving PTFE or woven Dacron.
Genetic Variability of Phytopathogenic Fusarium proliferatum Associated with Crown Rot in Asparagus officinalis
Authors: Bargen Susanne von , Martinez Oliver , Schadock Ines , Eisold Anne‐Mareen , Gossmann Monika , Büttner Carmen 
Published: March 2009

Abstract Fusarium proliferatum (teleomorph: Gibberella intermedia) is a causal agent of crown rot of Asparagus officinalis and is one potential fumonisin‐producing species within the genus Fusarium. It colonizes roots and crowns of asparagus plants, but could also be isolated from symptomless asparagus spears. Fusarium proliferatum isolates obtained from perennial asparagus plantings from Austria and Germany were included in a study on detectability and variability of two essential genes of the fumonisin‐gene cluster. Genetic fingerprinting of 45 isolates revealed 14 different fingerprint groups, indicating genetic heterogenicity of F. proliferatum. Most isolates differentiated into three main fingerprint clusters, but no association was found between fingerprint group and origin of the isolates. By gene‐specific PCR it was shown that, in 25 isolates tested, both initial genes of the fumonisin biosynthetic pathway –FUM1, encoding a polyketide synthase and FUM8, a gene for a putative aminoacyl transferase – were detectable. This suggests that these isolates were able to produce fumonisins and could contribute to the detected contamination in originating asparagus spears with this mycotoxin. Thus, early detection of FUM‐genes in F. proliferatum‐colonized asparagus may be suited to prevent uptake of fumonisin contaminated food with the human diet. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR‐RFLP) of the amplified FUM gene fragments revealed little sequence variability, suggesting a conserved structure of these genes within this species. However, sequence analysis confirmed intraspecific nucleotide polymorphisms of these genes.
The Grain Mold Pathogen, Fusarium thapsinum, Reduces Caryopsis Formation in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Little Christopher R. , Magill Clint W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGrain mold is a globally important panicle disease of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] that occurs between floral anthesis and physiological maturity of the caryopsis. Many fungi, including Fusarium thapsinum, cause grain mold. In this study, sorghum florets of grain mold resistant (Sureno and Tx2911), moderately resistant (SC170), and susceptible (Tx430) cultivars were spray‐inoculated with a high density (1 × 106 microconidia/ml) of F. thapsinum at anthesis. Mean caryopsis formation frequencies [CFF = (total caryopses/total spikelets per panicle) × 100] for F. thapsinum‐inoculated Sureno and Tx2911 panicles did not significantly differ from their respective controls, however F. thapsinum‐inoculated SC170 and Tx430 panicles were significantly less than controls. In addition, CFF was significantly reduced in F. thapsinum‐inoculated Tx430 panicles when compared to the F. thapsinum‐inoculated grain mold resistant genotypes (P = 0.011). This study suggests that screening of sorghum varieties for caryopsis formation using high‐density inoculations at anthesis would provide an additional assay to measure F. thapsinum resistance in the greenhouse.