bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of a linking agent in an information center network
Authors: Long Susan , Rawnsley David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe San Mateo Educational Resources Center (SMERC) is an educational information service which processes 24,000 search requests per year, combing in‐depth literature reviews and direct document orders. SMERC is unique in that it not only provides bibliographic information but also includes key documents in its search package enabling its clientele to obtain information, not just references, in a single step. SMERC is a division of the San Mateo County Office of Education. It is supported entirely by the County Schools Office and income from contracts with other educational agencies. At present, SMERC has contracts to provide search services for 25 counties in California, 8 State Departments of Education, and several special contracts with colleges and professional organizations. In order to serve effectively this widespread clientele, SMERC has established a system of linking agents. These linking agents have responsibility for receiving, negotiating, and transmitting search statements to SMERC and for marketing the service. Each contracting agency appoints a linking agent from its staff, SMERC provides the training. Because the contracting agency rather than SMERC assigns its personnel to the linking agent position, those serving in this position have disparate backgrounds, experiences, and organizational settings, as described in this article. The findings of this study indicate that knowledge of the content field of the information service and familarity with the clientele may be more important for linking agents than a specialized background in library science or an advanced degree.
Towards everyday language information retrieval systems via minicomputers
Authors: Bell Colin , Jones Kevin P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMinicomputer‐operated information retrieval (IR) systems are capable of employing relatively advanced methods, some of which are comparable with those employed in main‐frame systems. Many of these systems operate on dedicated machines and can therefore provide very rapid access to information, while remaining under the direct control of an information department. One system has now given over three years of satisfactory operation: this is MORPHS‐Minicomputer Operated Retrieval (Partially Heuristic) System. This system incorporates a number of linguistic features including the ability to find roots of words through affix stripping. Synonyms and compound words can also be handled and several search strategies (including SDI) are available. The latter have been developed considerably since the inception of the system. Consideration is given to the automation of the indexing process which is currently restricted to material for SDI.
The ICSU AB International classification system for physics: Its history and future
Authors: Berthelot A. , Clague Peter , Schiminovich Samuel , Zwirner Wolfgang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn account is given of the process by which the International Classification System for Physics was developed and finally adopted by four major services that abstract and index the world's physics literature. Details are given of the relevant historical background and of the collaborative procedures followed in achieving consensus in this international project, unique in its scale. This effort was pursued under the aegis of the International Council of Scientific Unions and involved four services and other physics organizations. Some technical points are discussed that bear on the problems of constructing classification systems that fulfill a variety of needs and express a compromise between similar preexisting structures. Aspects of the experience of collaboration, which may be of use to similar enterprises, and some implications for the future of processing of scientific information on an international scale, are briefly reviewed.
The logics and boundary concepts of information acquisition
Authors: Ozog Stanley 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBased on the concept of a set of mutually exclusive alternatives, the process of acquisition of knowledge is explained as a change from logical sum to logical product proposition. It is shown further that the definitions of the concept of information and ignorance can be derived from the basic concept of the mutually exclusive set and the definition of information acquisition. It is then demonstrated that other concepts essential in information theory can be defined and explained on the basis of the theory of information acquisition as presented in this article in a consistent way. It is further demonstrated that any nonmutually exclusive set can be converted to a mutually exclusive one, therefore a set of mutually exclusive alternatives represents a boundary concept that can form a foundation for information theory. The concept of a priori knowledge can be explained as a concept of a one‐alternative set and by that it forms another boundary where acquisition of information is no longer necessary. This way there are two boundary concepts in information theory and other concepts are then defined from them. They include the definition of the concept of problem and the concept of so‐called general statements, the role and function of prior knowledge and deductive reasoning in design of mutually exclusive sets, the function of our senses, their substitutes, and the concept of so‐called sixth sense as their boundary concept. Finally the concepts of the amount of information and ignorance and their measures are presented.
Information system design methodology
Authors: Wasserman Anthony I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere is a great need for a systematic approach to the specification, design, and development of information systems. This article describes the motivating reasons for such an approach and surveys some of the techniques that have been developed to assist the software specification and design activity. A methodology is seen as a combination of tools and techniques employed within an organizational and managerial framework that can be consistently applied to successive information system development projects. The ways that information system development organizations can create and use such methodologies are emphasized.
Education and training for computer‐based reference services: Review of training efforts to date
Authors: Bourne Charles P. , Robinson Jo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article raises several questions regarding training for computer‐based reference services, including who is to be trained and who is responsible for training. It discusses these issues and then provides a summary of the training provided to date by search service suppliers, database suppliers, library schools and extension programs, library cooperatives, and professional organizations. The available training materials are also discussed. Some projections are made of likely future activities.
Retrieval behavior of derived truncated search keys for a large on‐line bibliographic file
Authors: Rastogi Kunj B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo models of retrieval behavior of name/title‐derived search keys in a large on‐line library network system were studied. The results predicted by the two models were compared with results obtained from actual retrieval behavior of keys entered by users of the system. The findings of the study form the basis of recommendations to improve overall efficiency of the on‐line system for its users.
On‐line systems of disciplines and specialty areas in science and technology
Authors: Regazzi John J. , Bennion Bruce , Roberts Susan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOver 130 on‐line bibliographic data bases in science and technology, available through common vendors as of December 1979, are identified and reviewed. These have been classified as (1) discipline‐wide, transdisciplinary, or multidisciplinary and (2) specialty or problem‐oriented. Selected data bases of both types are discussed, including areas covered and functions served.
On‐line systems in the communication process: Projections
Authors: Lancaster F. W. , Smith Linda C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe current place of on‐line systems within the communication process in science and technology is defined. On‐line systems can be termed “value‐added information sources,” as illustrated by examples of available bibliographic data bases, numeric data banks, and referral data bases. Limitations of existing patterns of data base production and distribution are described, and the management considerations in operating on‐line search services in libraries are outlined, including financing, facilities, staffing, service promotion, document delivery, and evaluation. The role of library schools in preparing searchers of on‐line systems is also reviewed. A number of future developments in on‐line systems are predicted based on available technological forecasts. The ways in which professionals can be expected to use future on‐line systems are described, highlighting important differences from the present information‐seeking environment. The article concludes with an assessment of the roles of libraries and of information specialists in the world of electronic publication, suggesting that while the library as an institution may decline in importance, the information specialist of the future is likely to provide information support services much richer and more varied than those offered by the librarian of today.
Indexing exhaustivity and the computation of similarity matrices
Authors: Harding Alan F. , Willett Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSome of the automatic classification procedures used in information retrieval derive clusters of documents from an intermediate similarity matrix, the computation of which involves comparing each of the documents in the collection with all of the others. It has recently been suggested that many of these comparisons, specifically those between documents having no terms in common, may be avoided by means of the use of an inverted file to the document collection. This communication shows that the approach will effect reductions in the number of interdocument comparisons only if the documents are each indexed by a limited number of indexing terms; if exhaustive indexing is used, many document pairs will be compared several times over and the computation will be greater than when conventional approaches are used to generate the similarity matrix.
Another look at OCLC's potential for special libraries
Authors: Beasley Ruth Ann 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe issue of OCLC benefits for special libraries is discussed in terms of “find rates.” A stratified random sample revealed that 21% of a special collection's holdings were in the OCLC data base and were scattered among 95 libraries. This low find rate is useful for documenting the uniqueness of the special collection and the lack of existing bibliographic control for such material. The study suggests that special libraries consider OCLC participation when find rates are low based on considerations other than cost savings for technical services.
An online information system for aggregate state and local area economic data
Authors: Renfro Charles G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article describes the design and development of the Kentucky Economic Information System. This system, which is the first of its particular type, is a public computer‐based data storage, retrieval, display, and analysis facility that has been developed in order to make aggregate economic data pertaining primarily to the state of Kentucky readily available to and easily usable by a wide variety of people. The system is currently resident on two separate computer networks and is accessible via a telecommunications terminal over an ordinary telephone line, as well as through local modes of access. The system consists of three integrated components: an extensive data‐base; software to permit storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of the data; and a user manual which not only explains how to use the system, but also provides detailed descriptions of the data, in terms of concepts, collection or construction methodology, and reliability. This article discusses the various considerations that underlie the design of the system, describes the system's present characteristics, briefly evaluates the development of the system, and points out how this system provides a prototype for the development of other economic database systems.
Patron use of an online circulation system in known‐item searching
Authors: Specht Jerry 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPatron use of the University of Illinois' online circulation system (LCS) was studied by interviewing and observing sample patrons at public terminals. It was found that 56% of the “original known‐item searches” (searches in which the user had not obtained any information from the card catalog) were successful—with 16% failing as a result of error in using LCS—and that 86% of the “location searches” (searches in which the user had obtained the call number of the item from the card catalog and was looking for the location) were successful—with 8% failing as a result of error in using LCS. It was also found that the way in which graduate students use the system is significantly different from the way in which undergraduates use it. It is suggested that the greatest increase in user success per dollar expended is likely to come from the addition of online user aids. It is also suggested that the evaluation of patron use of online catalogs will continue to rely on sample interviews.
The application of a minicomputer to thesaurus construction
Authors: Kazlauskas Edward John , Holt Thomas D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe use of a minicomputer in various phases of creating the thesaurus for the National Information Center for Special Education Materials (NICSEM) database is described. The minicomputer is used to collect, edit, and correct candidate thesaurus terms. The use of the minicomputer eases the process of grouping terms into files of similar concepts and facilitates the generation of products useful in vocabulary review and in term structuring. Syndetic relations, indicated by assigning coded identification numbers, are altered easily in the design phase to reflect restructuring requirements. Because thesaurus terms are already in machine‐readable form, it is simple to prepare print programs to provide permuted, alphabetic, hierarchical, and chart formatted term displays. Overall, the use of the minicomputer facilities initial thesaurus entry development by reducing clerical effort, editorial staff decisions, and overall processing times.
The library community at a technological and philosophical crossroads: Necessary and sufficient conditions for survival
Authors: Heilprin Laurence B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe community consisting of libraries and library schools is examined for the probability of its long‐term survival in its recognizable present form. Evolution, especially the later human‐artificial stage, shows essential functions tending to continue but intense competition to determine which structures (self‐regulatory adaptive systems) will carry on those functions. The library community is a system that appears insufficiently equipped to compete adaptively over the long term. To be competitively invulnerable would require, in addition to carrying on its present essential functions, assumption of two new ones: (1) support of basic information science, including research leadership in the field, and (2) constant self‐renewal through some drastic form of continuing education, e.g., joint commitment by school and student to lifelong cyclic return to the school, following the first degree. (An example of such a competitively invulnerable community is the medical community.) Assumption of both new functions would be necessary and sufficient. More are not needed, but anything short of both would probably lead to absorption of functions and personnel of the library community by other, more competitively adaptive informational communities.
Library networks and resource sharing in the united states: An historical and philosophical overview
Authors: Stevens Norman D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the origins of library networks and traces their development in the United States in the late 1960s through the present. The concept of resource sharing, with particular attention to the interlibrary loan and programs for the cooperative acquisition and storage of materials, is examined in relationship to library networks. In particular, attention is given to the question of how these two major components of library cooperation, which have tended to be separate, might become more closely integrated.
Information and documentation in chile: Progress report. bibliography 1974‐1976
Authors: Freudenthal Juan R. , Fuentes HÉCtor GÓMez 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis progress report focuses on contemporary developments in information and documentation in Chile and provides an annotated bibliography of sources published in Spanish between 1974 and 1978. While the 1960s and 1970s saw the emergence of a national information system in Chile, the 1980s will see an improved foundation for old and new document subsystems as well as a closer coordination and faster integration of all types of information into the educational, industrial, and social mainstream of the country.
Implications of the exact bradford distribution
Authors: Morse Philip M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe exact Bradford distribution fits data on the scatter of articles in a given specialty among journals remarkably well, perhaps better than the approximate form of the distribution. This implies certain tendencies of authors in the specialty to distribute their future articles among the journals, on the basis of the past productivity (the number of articles previously published) of the journals. In particular it is shown that if this tendency follows a Bradford law for each group of journals with a given past productivity, then the distribution of papers among all the journals active in the specialty must also follow the exact Bradford distribution. Conversely, since this distribution does fit the data, it implies that the authors' tendencies also are Bradford. The consequences, when the statistical situation is fairly constant with time, are explored. Applications to citation scattering also are discussed.
The brillouin measure of an author's contribution to a literature in psychology
Authors: Boyce Bert R. , Martin David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Brillouin measure of an author's importance to a subject literature relates closely to that author's total contribution to the literature. Synthetic authors (those with negative entropy) are generally highly cited but citation ranking does not correlate well with synthetic strength. Synthetic authors do not concentrate in highly productive journals. The analysis is based on a 40‐year bibliography of the psychological phenomenon of extinction containing 894 distinct authors and 877 items.
The impact of interlibrary access to periodicals on subscription continuation/cancellation decision making
Authors: Warner Edward S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe notion that interlibrary access to periodicals may influence subscription continuation/cancellation decision making is tested empirically in one academic library environment. In the case reported, the existence of an effective interlibrary access network has an apparent impact on faculty willingness to borrow rather than purchase some titles needed, in turn significantly impacting subscription continuation/cancellation decision making.
Transfer of information technology to less developed countries: A systems approach
Authors: Eres Beth Krevitt 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLess developed countries (LDCs) need appropriate information technology to support indigenous scientific and technical activities. The importance of information to scientific and technical achievement has already been recognized. Still lacking is a systematic approach to information technology transfer which considers the specific socioeconomic conditions of the recipient country. The author suggests adaptation of general systems methodology to the design of technology transfer mechanisms. Prior research is required into areas such as the determination of levels and interaction of socioeconomic conditions and the information infrastructure.
Patterns in the use of information: The right to be different
Authors: Hall Homer J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAxioms or priorities in the value of information are a dynamic function for each user which changes with the intended use. The viewpoints of users can frequently be grouped into related “dimensions of value”: what is chosen as most important in STI is quite different from the viewpoints of science, of technology, and the information itself. There are many such sets of interacting viewpoints. Values differ for use for information operations, for planning, or for research. Preferred information may be qualitative or judgmental and not quantitative, or subjective/intuitive and not rational. Other differences may depend on the environment of use, in government/industry/academia, in business/economics/statistics, or in the argument between public versus private versus the basic urge to know. Two dimensions in any of these sets is not enough and each has to some extent its own language, with characteristic shifts in the meanings of words. The recognition of patterns in value has a direct bearing on the conservation of the energy put into evaluation. Information analysis and evaluation can be envisioned as a pyramid of work where progressively smaller parts of the original are pointed at a desired target, by being pumped up through successively higher energy levels of selection and rejection. It is possible to convert part of this work into potential energy for future reference, but information systems designed to handle facts alone have a chronic problem: they try to convert all input on values into the quantitative dimension, and they make no provision for sending the user's opinion along with the product. Intractable conflicts in information policy can be expected whenever such a reduction in values is imposed upon a multidimensional pattern, if this allows one protagonist to deny to another the right to be different. Help can come from the user's learning to recognize his own changes in identity, and where his friends are.
Author cocitation: A literature measure of intellectual structure
Authors: White Howard D. , Griffith Belver C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt is shown that the mapping of a particular area of science, in this case information science, can be done using authors as units of analysis and the cocitations of pairs of authors as the variable that indicates their “distances” from each other. The analysis assumes that the more two authors are cited together, the closer the relationship between them. The raw data are cocitation counts drawn online from Social Scisearch (Social Sciences Citation Index) over the period 1972–1979. The resulting map shows (1) identifiable author groups (akin to “schools”) of information science, (2) locations of these groups with respect to each other, (3) the degree of centrality and peripherality of authors within groups, (4) proximities of authors within group and across group boundaries (“border authors” who seem to connect various areas of research), and (5) positions of authors with respect to the map's axes, which were arbitrarily set spanning the most divergent groups in order to aid interpretation. Cocitation analysis of authors offers a new technique that might contribute to the understanding of intellectual structure in the sciences and possibly in other areas to the extent that those areas rely on serial publications. The technique establishes authors, as well as documents, as an effective unit in analyzing subject specialties.