bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer HCT116 cells
Authors: Yun Jung‐Mi , Afaq Farrukh , Khan Naghma , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBecause of unsatisfactory treatment options for colon cancer, there is a need to develop novel preventive approaches for this malignancy. One such strategy is through chemoprevention by the use of non‐toxic dietary substances and botanical products. Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, possesses strong anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties of delphinidin in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. We found that treatment of cells with delphinidin (30–240 µM; 48 h) resulted in (i) decrease in cell viability (ii) induction of apoptosis, (iii) cleavage of PARP, (iv) activation of caspases‐3, ‐8, and ‐9, (v) increase in Bax with a concomitant decrease in Bcl‐2 protein, and (vi) G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. NF‐κB provides a mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer, and is a major factor controlling the ability of both pre‐neoplastic and malignant cells to resist apoptosis‐based tumor surveillance mechanisms. We therefore, determined the effect of delphinidin on NF‐κB signaling pathway. The immunoblot, ELISA and EMSA analysis demonstrated that the treatment of HCT116 cells with delphinidin resulted in the inhibition of (i) IKKα, (ii) phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, (iii) phosphorylation of NF‐κB/p65 at Ser536, (iv) nuclear translocation of NF‐κB/p65, (v) NF‐κB/p65 DNA binding activity, and (vi) transcriptional activation of NF‐κB. Our results suggest that delphinidin treatment of HCT116 cells suppressed NF‐κB pathway, resulting in G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. We suggest that delphinidin could have potential in inhibiting colon cancer growth. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motor cortical physiology in patients and asymptomatic carriers of parkin gene mutations
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Talelli Penelope , Cheeran Binith J. , Khan Naheed L. , Wood Nicholas W. , Rothwell John C. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAutosomal recessive parkin (PARK2) gene‐related parkinsonism may be phenotypically and pathophysiologically distinct from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, asymptomatic subjects carrying a single parkin mutation (“parkin carriers”) may show striatal dopaminergic dysfunction and increased cortical movement‐related activation. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study corticospinal and intracortical excitability in manifesting parkin patients and asymptomatic carriers. We studied resting and active motor thresholds (RMT/AMT), central motor conduction time (CMCT), active recruitment curves, short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (ICF), SICI recruitment curve, and cortical silent period (CSP) in 8 patients “off” medication, 7 carriers, and two groups of age‐matched controls (n = 21). Patients had longer CMCTs compared to controls with a significant negative correlation between CMCT duration and onset age (r = −0.83, P = 0.04). Carriers had increased RMT/AMT; the time course of SICI/ICF and the duration of CSP were normal in both patients and carriers; however slight abnormalities in the recruitment of SICI were found in the carriers. Prolonged CMCT and normal cortical inhibitory mechanisms in parkin patients may be of value in the differentiation from idiopathic PD. The subclinical electrophysiological abnormalities found in carriers may represent underlying compensatory mechanisms. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Complete 1H and 13C data assignments of two new guaianolides isolated from Ainsliaea fragrans
Authors: Li Xingshang , Liu Jiangyun , Cai Jinna , Cai Peilie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTwo new guaianolides, 8α‐hydroxy‐11α,13‐dihydroglucozaluzanin C and 11α,13‐dihydroglucozaluzanin C, were isolated from Ainsliaea fragrans, along with two known guaianolides, 8α‐hydroxy‐11α,13‐dihydrozaluzanin C and glucozaluzanin C. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established by HR‐ESI‐MS, one‐dimensional (1D) (DEPT), two‐dimensional (2D) (1H1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, ROESY) NMR experiments and by comparison with structurally related compounds. The known compounds were identified by comparison of spectral data with published references. Some NMR data of the known compounds were reported for the first time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential regulation of human and mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter activity during testis development
Authors: Weise J.M. , GüneŞ Ç. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn adult testis, telomerase activity is exclusively detectable during the early steps of spermatogenesis and is downregulated during differentiation to spermatozoa. Knowledge about telomerase activity during testis development from birth to adulthood is still scarce. Telomerase activity is regulated primarily via the transcriptional initiation of TERT expression which encodes its catalytic subunit. We used the hTERTp‐lacZ transgenic mouse model that expresses the bacterial lacZ reporter gene under the control of an 8.0‐kbp human TERT promoter fragment to analyze simultaneously endogenous mouse Tert gene expression as well as human TERT promoter activity during mouse testis development. We show that human TERT promoter activity increased during puberty and was highest in adult mouse testis whereas mouse Tert expression and telomerase activity were found to be high in testis from the earliest time point tested (6 days postpartum). Histological analysis revealed that β‐galactosidase expression, encoded by the lacZ reporter gene, is present in all seminiferous tubules in adult testis, but in a subset of tubules before puberty. We further analyzed the expression of SCF/ c‐KIT, which was described to regulate spermatogonia proliferation and mouse Tert expression, in prepubertal and adult testis by immunohistochemistry. Whereas SCF and c‐KIT were detectable in all seminiferous tubules, a spatial and preclusive expression pattern of human TERT promoter activity and activated c‐KIT (p‐c‐KIT Tyr 567/569) was observed in prepubertal testes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 309–317, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation and treatment of thyroid nodules: a clinical guide
Authors: Galofré Juan C. , Lomvardias Stylianos , Davies Terry F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThyroid nodules are inexplicably frequent and affect approximately one‐third of the adult population. The appropriate clinical management is focused primarily on excluding thyroid cancer and also on evaluating thyroid dysfunction and mechanical obstruction. There remains no evidence that a benign thyroid nodule, once diagnosed appropriately, will progress to a malignant lesion. The initial evaluation should include a complete clinical review, a thyroid sonogram by an experienced sonographer, a laboratory assessment of thyroid function, and, where indicated, a cytological assessment of the nodule(s) by fine needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance. Only patients with suppressed serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels, indicating hyperthyroidism, may need further evaluation by radioactive iodine uptake and scanning. Optimal treatment depends on the patient as well as the nodule characteristics. The usual options remain a simple annual follow‐up to detect changes in nodule size and thyroid function and surgical removal. Levothyroxine therapy is now seldom indicated because of poor efficacy in nodule suppression and its inability to differentiate benign lesions from thyroid carcinoma. Clinical guidelines have a very arbitrary recommendation of aspiration biopsy in all lesions greater than 1 cm in size, but this proposal has no scientific basis and should always be viewed in the clinical context. Mt Sinai J Med 75:299–311, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Experimental therapeutics for refractory obsessive‐compulsive disorder: translational approaches and new somatic developments
Authors: Berlin Heather A. , Hamilton Holly , Hollander Eric 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSignificant advances over the past 20 years in our understanding of the phenomenology and pathophysiology of obsessive‐compulsive disorder, made in part from structural and functional neuroimaging and genetics research, can guide treatments that target brain regions, circuits, and neurotransmitter systems specific to obsessive‐compulsive disorder, the disruption of which may alleviate obsessive‐compulsive disorder symptoms. We discuss here our current understanding of the underlying neurobiology and heritability of obsessive‐compulsive disorder and integrate that understanding with a review of the current pharmacological, neurosurgical, and brain stimulation treatments of refractory obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Expanding on these studies, we hope that new pharmacological and psychological treatment strategies and research‐driven targets for lesioning, stimulation, or other types of focal neuromodulation can be identified that could lead to future research directions. Cross‐species translational research and neuroimaging of the physiological and anatomical pathways implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment response in obsessive‐compulsive disorder will advance our understanding of the neural basis of obsessive‐compulsive disorder and lead to more targeted and effective treatment options. Mt Sinai J Med 75:174–202, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Immunology and genetics of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Morran Michael P. , Omenn Gilbert S. , Pietropaolo Massimo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractType 1 diabetes is one of the most well‐characterized autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes compromises an individual's insulin production through the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β‐cells. Although much is understood about the mechanisms of this disease, multiple potential contributing factors are thought to play distinct parts in triggering type 1 diabetes. The immunological diagnosis of type 1 diabetes relies primarily on the detection of autoantibodies against islet antigens in the serum of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Genetic analyses of type 1 diabetes have linked human leukocyte antigen, specifically class II alleles, to susceptibility to disease onset. Environmental catalysts include various possible factors, such as viral infections, although the evidence linking infections with type 1 diabetes remains inconclusive. Imbalances within the immune system's system of checks and balances may promote immune activation, while undermining immune regulation. A lack of proper regulation and overactive pathogenic responses provide a framework for the development of autoimmune abnormalities. Type 1 diabetes is a predictable and potentially treatable disease that still requires much research to fully understand and pinpoint the exact triggering events leading to autoimmune activation. In silico research can aid the comprehension of the etiology of complex disease pathways, including Type I diabetes, in order to and help predict the outcome of therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving β‐cell function. Mt Sinai J Med 75:314–327, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Past, present, and future of insulin pump therapy: better shot at diabetes control
Authors: Sherr Jennifer , Tamborlane William V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWith the advent of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and the findings of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, the management of type 1 diabetes has changed drastically. Over the past 30 years since its development, the effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion has been assessed in comparison with other modes of intensive treatment. Additionally, improvements in pump delivery systems have been made. Here, the findings of the studies on pump therapy are reviewed. Selection criteria of patients for pump use and how to initiate pump therapy are presented. Finally, newer findings on continuous glucose sensors are discussed as the next era of pump therapy continues to focus on the goal of developing an artificial pancreas. Mt Sinai J Med 75:352–361, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Kidney and pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lerner Susan M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to a state of absolute insulin deficiency. Glycemic control via the use of exogenous insulin injections is often imperfect, resulting in multiple long‐term complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, vasculopathy, and nephropathy. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial has provided conclusive evidence that better glycemic control by intensive insulin treatment effectively delays the onset and slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. At this moment, the only reliable option for achieving long‐term insulin independence is whole‐pancreas transplantation. The proposed benefits of pancreas transplantation are clear: improved quality of life, prevention of recurrent diabetic nephropathy, freedom from exogenous insulin with euglycemia and normalization of glycosylated hemoglobin, less stringent dietary restrictions, less frequent blood glucose monitoring, and stabilization of or improvement in secondary complications. The trade‐offs to the patient are the operative risk, the need for chronic immunosuppression, and the inherent side effects of chronic immunosuppression. Mt Sinai J Med 75:372–384, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Complications of type 1 diabetes: new molecular findings
Authors: Stirban Alin , Rösen Peter , Tschoepe Diethelm 
Published: August 2008

AbstractInterventions targeting the treatment of diabetic complications have not been nearly as successful as initially estimated, despite a marked improvement in therapeutic options for diabetes. The need for understanding why some very promising interventions have failed demands a closer look at the pathomechanisms of the complications. Great strides have been made in understanding the pathology, and several important hypotheses have emerged in recent years. On this basis, Brownlee and coworkers suggested a unifying hypothesis integrating various mechanisms discussed in past years with an overproduction of reactive oxygen species as an initiating cause. This hypothesis and further hypotheses, as well as mechanisms, are highlighted in this article. The field of pathomechanisms of diabetic complications is very wide, and any attempt to completely cover it within a single article is unrealistic. Therefore, our purpose is to present the most relevant concepts underlying diabetic complications in an attempt to contribute to a better understanding and pinpoint areas that warrant further research. Mt Sinai J Med 75:328–351, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Displacement and stress distributions under a uniform inclined rectangular load on a cross‐anisotropic geomaterial
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Der , Ye Zhi‐Qi , Ruan Zheng‐Wei 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn practical engineering, an applied rectangular area load is not often horizontally or vertically distributed but is frequently inclined at a certain angle with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes. Thus, the solutions of displacements and stresses due to such a load are essential to the design of foundations. This article yields the analytical solutions of displacements and stresses subjected to a uniform rectangular load that inclines with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes, resting on the surface of a cross‐anisotropic geomaterial. The planes of cross‐anisotropy are assumed to be parallel to the horizontal ground surface. The procedures to derive the solutions can be integrated the modified point load solutions, which are represented by several displacement and stresses elementary functions. Then, upon integrations, the displacement and stress integral functions resulting from a uniform inclined rectangular load for (1) the displacements at any depth, (2) the surface displacements, (3) the average displacements in a given layer, (4) the stresses at any depth, and (5) the average stresses in a given layer are yielded. The proposed solutions are clear and concise, and they can be employed to construct a series of calculation charts. In addition, the present solutions clarify the load inclinations, the dimensions of a loaded rectangle, and the analyzed depths, and the type and degree of geomaterial anisotropy profoundly affect the displacements and stresses in a cross‐anisotropic medium. Parametric results show that the load inclination factor should be considered when an inclined rectangular load uniformly distributed on the cross‐anisotropic material. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A duality‐based relaxation and decomposition approach for inventory distribution systems
Authors: Kunnumkal Sumit , Topaloglu Huseyin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe propose a new method for making the inventory replenishment decisions in distribution systems. In particular, we consider distribution systems consisting of multiple retailers that face random demand and a warehouse that supplies the retailers. The method that we propose is based on formulating the distribution problem as a dynamic program, and relaxing the constraints that ensure the nonnegativity of the shipments to the retailers, by associating Lagrange multipliers with them. We show that our method provides lower bounds on the value functions, and a good set of values for the Lagrange multipliers can be obtained by maximizing a concave function in a relatively straightforward manner. Computational experiments indicate that our method can provide significant improvements over the traditional approaches for making the inventory replenishment decisions, in terms of both the tightness of the lower bounds on the value functions and the performance of the policies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Optimal sensor placement for underwater threat detection
Authors: Pashko Sergei , Molyboha Anton , Zabarankin Michael , Gorovyy Sergei 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe optimization framework for optimal sensor placement for underwater threat detection has been developed. It considers single‐period and multiperiod detection models, each of which includes two components: detection algorithm and optimization problem for sensor placement. The detection algorithms for single‐period and multiperiod models are based on likelihood ratio and sequential testing, respectively. For the both models, the optimization problems use the principle of superadditive coverage, which is closely related to energy‐based and information‐based approaches. An algorithm for quasi‐regular sensor placement approximating solutions to the optimization problems has been developed based on corresponding continuous relaxations and a criterion for its applicability has been obtained. Numerical experiments have demonstrated that the algorithm consistently outperforms existing optimization techniques for optimal sensor placement.© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Explosion‐induced dynamic soil–structure interaction analysis with the coupled Godunov–variational difference approach
Authors: Karinski Y. S. , Feldgun V. R. , Yankelevsky D. Z. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe paper presents a coupled 2D Godunov–variational difference approach for soil–structure interaction due to a nearby explosion. Owing to the high‐intensity dynamic loads, complex processes take place, including transient separation of the buried structure from the surrounding soil, large deformations of the buried structure including loss of stability, and so on. The approach takes into account the irreversible bulk compaction of the soil medium and is based on the relationships of the shock and rarefaction waves with finite‐difference equations of the shell motion, using a simple iteration method. The model reduces the contact problem to the self‐similar symmetric Riemann problem.The proposed approach is demonstrated by the solution of a buried explosion in the proximity of a lined tunnel buried in soil. The peak contact pressure envelope along the lining was studied. It was found that for an explosion in the proximity of a relatively rigid shell, the maximum value of this envelope is located at some distance from the lining's axis of symmetry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence, adaptive refinement, and scaling in 1D peridynamics
Authors: Bobaru Florin , Yang Mijia , Alves Leonardo Frota , Silling Stewart A. , Askari Ebrahim , Xu Jifeng 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe introduce here adaptive refinement algorithms for the non‐local method peridynamics, which was proposed in (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2000; 48:175–209) as a reformulation of classical elasticity for discontinuities and long‐range forces. We use scaling of the micromodulus and horizon and discuss the particular features of adaptivity in peridynamics for which multiscale modeling and grid refinement are closely connected. We discuss three types of numerical convergence for peridynamics and obtain uniform convergence to the classical solutions of static and dynamic elasticity problems in 1D in the limit of the horizon going to zero. Continuous micromoduli lead to optimal rates of convergence independent of the grid used, while discontinuous micromoduli produce optimal rates of convergence only for uniform grids. Examples for static and dynamic elasticity problems in 1D are shown. The relative error for the static and dynamic solutions obtained using adaptive refinement are significantly lower than those obtained using uniform refinement, for the same number of nodes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.