bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forschung und Entwicklung im Konstruktiven Glasbau
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Schadow Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForschung und Entwicklung im Konstruktiven Glasbau werden an der Technischen Universität Dresden weiterhin intensiv mit dem Ziel betrieben, lichtdurchlässige und innovative Gebäudehüllen zu schaffen. Neben dem zunehmenden Einsatz von lastabtragenden Bauteilen aus Glas wird auch verstärkt Forschungs‐ und Entwicklungsleistung in glasgerechte Verbindungstechniken investiert, um zukünftig den Baustoff Glas noch umfassender im Hochbau einsetzen zu können.
Experimentelle Untersuchung von Punkthaltern
Authors: Siebert Geralt , Haese Andreas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDa ein rechnerischer Nachweis von (Glas‐)Punkthaltern auf Grund der oft komplexen Geometrie meist sehr aufwendig wäre, wird der Nachweis in der Regel durch experimentelle Untersuchung geführt. Dazu gibt es bisher keine Prüfvorschrift, und man beschränkte sich in aller Regel auf den Nachweis ausreichender Tragfähigkeit. Für sichere und solide Konstruktionen muß aber auch der Zustand des Halters unter Last berücksichtigt werden. Im Entwurf der DIN 18008‐Teil 3: “Punktförmig gelagerte Verglasungen” ist daher eine Prüfvorschrift vorgesehen, die neben der Untersuchung der Tragfähigkeit auch die Ermittlung von Gebrauchstauglichkeitslasten und die Angabe der Steifigkeitswerte fordert.
Selective x‐ray Bragg spectrometry: optimizing fluorescence microprobe sensitivity for precious metals
Authors: Etschmann B. E. , Ryan C. G. , Vogt S. , Maser J. , Brugger J. , Harland C. L. , Legnini D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis instrument development project was aimed at developing an x‐ray spectrometer configuration for the x‐ray fluorescence microprobe optimized for the detection of precious metals in geological and biological samples with the objective of improving detection limits and reducing interference from major elements and the scattered beam. The approach used Bragg diffraction from a surface shaped to a log‐spiral to focus x‐rays of a particular energy onto a solid‐state detector. The result is an enhancement of the precious metal lines within the relatively narrow bandpass of the Bragg crystal surface and suppression of interfering elements and detector artefacts, such as tailing and escape peaks arising from intense elemental lines and scattered photons. This combined enhancement resulted in a factor of 3 improvement in the count rates at the optimized energy. Combined with the reduction in background, this results in an order of magnitude improvement of the Au detection limits for samples of geological significance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phenotypic trade‐off between previous growth and present fecundity in round sardinellaSardinella aurita
Authors: Tsikliras Athanassios C. , Antonopoulou Efthimia , Stergiou Konstantinos I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe decision of how to allocate surplus energy to reproduction and growth can have important effects on fish population dynamics as well as on other life history traits. The natural examples on the interrelationship between maternal growth and number of offspring produced in fishes are scarce. We tested the hypothesis that these traits are competing for resources by estimating maternal previous growth decisions, using back‐calculation, and present reproduction, expressed as absolute fecundity, of female round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Despite the overall increasing trend of fecundity with age, individual fecundity was negatively related to individual specific growth rate between the most recent annulus formation and spawning within ages. A decreasing trend between previous growth rate and present fecundity emerged, showing that round sardinella allocate increasingly less energy to growth with age and more into reproduction and that the previous growth decisions determine present fecundity.
Quantitative food webs of lepidopteran leafminers and their parasitoids in a Japanese deciduous forest
Authors: Hirao Toshihide , Murakami Masashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuantitative food webs were constructed to explore the community structure of leaf‐mining moths in the family Gracillariidae and their parasitoid wasps in a deciduous forest in Hokkaido, Japan. A whole food web was constructed from data collected from June to October 2001. In the web, 16 leafminer species on seven tree species were attacked by 58 species of hymenopteran parasitoid; 376 links between leafminers and parasitoids were observed. Leafminers were specialist herbivores, but most parasitoids were generalists. Five webs were constructed for the seasonal prevalence of leafminers over the one‐year period to reveal the temporal dynamics in community structure. Among the seasonal webs, the first web in June was distinctive because two tree species, Japanese umbrella tree Magnolia obovata and Japanese magnolia M. kobus, supported the community. Second to fourth webs from July to September were dominated by the leafminer species on Japanese oak Quercus crispula, and the fifth web was marked by that on Carpinuscordata. The extent of potential apparent competition among leafminers was evaluated using quantitative parasitoid overlap diagrams. These diagrams suggested that abundant host species are likely to have large indirect effects on less abundant species. Moreover, the potential for apparent competition between leafminer species inhabiting different host tree species can occur, although leafminers sharing the same tree species are prone to interact via shared parasitoids. In this system, particular leafminer species, acting as potential sources of apparent competition, can affect other species as sinks, and control whole‐community dynamics. Directed apparent competition may potentially occur around oak trees.
Breast-feeding Performance Index: a composite index to describe overall breast-feeding performance among infants under 6 months of age
Authors: Senarath Upul , Dibley Michael J , Agho Kingsley E 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a composite index to describe the overall breast-feeding performance of infants < 6 months of age; and, using this index, to identify the factors associated with poor breast-feeding practices and the association between breast-feeding and infant morbidity.Design, setting and subjectsThe 2003 Demographic and Health Survey was a multi-stage cluster sample survey of 4320 households in Timor-Leste which covered 573 infants aged < 6 months. Breast-feeding Performance Index (BPI) was constructed by allocating one point for each of seven infant feeding practices: first suckling within an hour of birth; absence of prelacteals; non-use of feeding bottles; current breast-feeding; not receiving liquids; not receiving formula or other milk; and not receiving solids in the last 24 hours. BPI was treated as the dependent variable in univariate and multivariate analyses to identify the factors associated with poor breast-feeding.ResultsExclusive breast-feeding rate was 29.9%. The BPI (mean 4.4, standard deviation 1.77) was categorised as low, average and high according to tertiles. Multivariate analysis indicated that infants from the richest households were 1.70 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–2.77) times more likely to have ‘low BPI’ than the poorest. Maternal BMI < 18.5 kg m− 2was predictive of poor breast-feeding (odds ratio = 1.79; 95% CI 1.27–2.52). In the ‘low’ BPI group, the incidence of diarrhoea (13.4%) and acute respiratory infections (20.7%) during the previous two weeks was significantly higher than in ‘average’ (4.3 and 9.3%) and ‘high’ BPI groups (4.6 and 5.5%).ConclusionsCreating a composite index to assess the overall breast-feeding performance among infants < 6 months of age is feasible. BPI can be effectively used to identify target groups for breast-feeding promotion interventions.
Can psychiatric intervention improve major depression in very near end-of-life cancer patients?
Authors: SHIMIZU KEN , AKECHI TATSUO , SHIMAMOTO MASAYA , OKAMURA MASAKO , NAKANO TOMOHITO , MURAKAMI TADASHI , ITO TATSUHIKO , OBA AKIRA , FUJIMORI MAIKO , AKIZUKI NOBUYA , INAGAKI MASATOSHI , UCHITOMI YOSUKE 
Published: February 2007

Objective: Although depression is a prevalent and burdensome psychiatric problem in end-of-life cancer patients, little is known about its susceptibility to treatment, especially when patients reach very close to the end of life. This study was conducted to evaluate response rate of that end-of-life depression to psychiatric intervention and to assess the feasibility of conventional evidence-based pharmacological therapy for depression.Methods: The medical records of 20 patients who were referred to the psychiatry division for major depressive disorder and died within 3 months after the referral were reviewed. The Clinical Global Impression–Improvement (CGI-I) Scale was used for each case, and responders were defined as patients whose scores were much or very much improved. All pharmacological treatments were extracted, and the doses of the antidepressant prescribed were compared to their evidence-based-defined therapeutic doses.Results: Of the 20 patients, seven were responders, but no response was achieved when the survival time was less than 3 weeks. Most patients were treated with antidepressants, but the doses prescribed were far less than the defined doses, especially the doses of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).Significance of results: These results suggested that patients' survival time largely determines susceptibility to psychiatric treatment, and it is hard to achieve response in patients whose survival time was less than about 1 month. Implementation of conventional evidence-based pharmacological treatment is difficult, especially with TCAs, and various antidepressants, which can be administrated by other routes, are needed when oral intake is impossible.
From “invincibility” to “normalcy”: Coping
strategies of young adults during the cancer journey
Authors: MIEDEMA BAUKJE , HAMILTON RYAN , EASLEY JULIE 
Published: February 2007

Objective: Little research has been undertaken regarding the
psychological impact of cancer on those stricken during the young adult
years. Specifically, research on the coping strategies of young adults
with cancer is limited.Method: In this qualitative, Grounded Theory study, we did
not set out to examine coping; rather, it emerged as a major phenomenon in
the analysis of interview data from 15 young adults with cancer.Results: These young adults used various coping strategies to
come to terms with the cancer diagnosis, management of the illness, its
treatment, and treatment sequelae. The coping strategies varied
considerably from person to person, depended on the stage(s) of the
illness, and were rooted in their precancer lives. We were able to discern
a pattern of coping strategies used by most participants. The prevailing
goal for all participants was to achieve what they called
“normalcy.” For some, this meant major changes in their lives;
for others it meant to “pick up” where they had left off
before the cancer diagnosis.Significance of results: To aid the understanding of the
issues that influence coping, we have developed a model to illustrate the
bidirectional nature and the complexities of the coping strategies as they
relate to the phases of the disease and the disease treatment. The model
also affirms Folkman and Lazarus' coping theory.
Pursuing Truth, Exercising Power: Social Science and Public Policy
in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Leonard Stephen T. 
Published: February 2007

Pursuing Truth, Exercising Power: Social Science and Public Policy
in the Twenty-First Century. By Lisa Anderson. New York: Columbia
University Press, 2003. 176p. $29.00.The large question looming over this series of lectures by Lisa
Anderson is the perennial problem of the relationship between social
inquiry and political practice. Her engagement with this issue takes the
explicit form of parsing the political—and specifically the
public policy—aspirations, achievements, and failures of
American academic social science from its founding in the late nineteenth
century to the present. None of this is new territory, and Anderson's
debt to the historical and analytical work of many (for her, mostly
contemporary) scholars is both obvious and readily acknowledged (p. x).
However, it is not really Anderson's intent to make a contribution to
the historical or philosophical literature; rather, this is an argument
with a definitively presentist goal, namely, understanding the conditions
that define (as the title of her book intimates) what it means to be
committed to a public role for scholarship and scholars
today.
Writing the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Pragmatism and Historical
Inquiry
Authors: Meilleur Maurice J. 
Published: February 2007

Writing the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Pragmatism and Historical
Inquiry. By Jonathan B. Isacoff. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006.
216p. $70.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.Jonathan Isacoff argues that American political scientists, and in
particular international relations researchers, should be much more
self-critical about their historiography. Political science, he claims, is
afflicted by a stubborn “positivism” that leads case-study,
qualitative researchers (like Kenneth Waltz) and large-n, quantitative
researchers (like J. David Singer) alike to treat historical data as if
they are value-free and unchanging. This historiography blinds researchers
to the normative and theoretical biases of their theories—especially
a bias toward system-structural explanations for international
conflict—by screening out data that contradict those theories.
Moreover, subsequent revisions to the historical record undermine their
findings, leaving research that is empirically disengaged and irrelevant
to political experience.
Free Speech and Democracy in Ancient Athens
Authors: Vaughan Geoffrey M. 
Published: February 2007

Free Speech and Democracy in Ancient Athens. By Arlene W.
Saxonhouse. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 246p. $70.00.The subject of this book is parrhêsia, free or, as the
author sometimes prefers, frank speech. Through close readings of stories
by Plato and Homer, she identifies free speech with shamelessness and
self-exposure, claiming that “[s]hame and free speech
represent opposing points in the political order that play off one another
in the construction of a stable democratic polity” (p. 8). However,
the ambitions of this book go well beyond the historical account of what
happened in Athens. Rather, the author argues “there is a congruence
between the Athenian version of freedom of speech, of philosophy, and
democracy, all exhibiting a common hostility to hierarchy and to history
or the past” (p. 36).
The Disorder of Political Inquiry
Authors: Xenos Nicholas 
Published: February 2007

The Disorder of Political Inquiry. By Keith Topper.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005. 336p. $45.00.The conceit framing Keith Topper's fine and necessary book is
that the state of social science methods has grown so disordered it has
even come to public attention, first when the journal Social Text
unwittingly published Alan Sokal's parody of poststructuralist jargon
and the now defunct Lingua Franca exposed the hoax, and then when
the so-called Perestroika movement emerged to challenge dominant
approaches in political science. Because the first instance attacked the
perceived consequences of epistemic relativism in the social sciences
generally and the latter the rigor mortis resulting from an allegedly
hegemonic notion of scientific rigor in its discipline in particular,
Topper's conceit allows him to play the role of Odysseus steering
through the straits, lashed to his hermeneutic mast while shunning the
Manichean siren songs of scientific monism to the one side and empty
pluralism on the other, and heading for more open, ecumenical waters. It
also enables him to claim that all this tacking to and fro has a public,
political import. Indeed, he asserts that his primary concern in this book
is “with a set of contemporary questions about the ways in which
particular methodological commitments enable or constrain one's
capacity to identify and act upon opaque power relations that sustain
forms of domination” (p. 12).
The U.S. Women's Movement in Global Perspective
Authors: de Volo Lorraine Bayard 
Published: February 2007

The U.S. Women's Movement in Global Perspective. Edited
by Lee Ann Banaszak. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. 288p.
$72.00 cloth, $27.95 paper.This pathbreaking edited volume combines a classic article with 10
original essays to present a comparative examination of the women's
movement. As the title indicates, analyses largely revolve around the U.S.
case, with comparison carried out over time or in relation to cases in
other countries. In bringing together this group of prominent and emerging
scholars of women's movements to place the United States in
international perspective, this volume works to fill a large gap in the
literature.
After Brown: The Rise and Retreat of School
Desegregation
Authors: McMahon Kevin J. 
Published: February 2007

After Brown: The Rise and Retreat of School Desegregation. By
Charles T. Clotfelter. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. 216p.
$55.00 cloth, $17.95 paper.Those who live or have lived in metropolitan areas that faced
court-ordered desegregation of the schools in the latter part of the
twentieth century have likely heard a common theory about the connection
of those efforts to the state of the relevant city. It goes something like
this: Once federal courts ordered city schools to desegregate, many white
city dwellers either fled to the suburbs for protection or plucked their
kids from city schools and enrolled them in private ones. Under the first
scenario, the end of neighborhood schools negatively affected the city, as
families in once-vital neighborhoods abandoned desegregating city schools
they perceived as problematic for their children's education for
virtually lily-white suburban schools thought to be of a higher quality.
Under the second scenario, white parents remained in the city of their
birth but undermined desegregation efforts by transferring their children
to private schools (which were mostly Catholic in the Northeast and
Midwest and mostly newly opened in the South). In the end, long-frustrated
federal judges and civil rights leaders ultimately succeeded in increasing
the levels of interaction between white and black children, but their
efforts had significant side effects for those cities as well.
To the Flag: The Unlikely History of the Pledge of Allegiance
Authors: Mattson Kevin 
Published: February 2007

To the Flag: The Unlikely History of the Pledge of
Allegiance. By Richard J. Ellis. Lawrence: University Press of
Kansas, 2005. 312p. $29.95 cloth, $15.95 paper.This is an intelligent book about the strange story of American
patriotism. Strange because America is much more of an “imagined
community,” to use Benedict Anderson's evocative concept, than
most Western European states. Also strange because, as Richard Ellis
points out, it has been so contested over the years.
Disability Rights and the American Social Safety Net
Authors: Howard Christopher 
Published: February 2007

Disability Rights and the American Social Safety Net. By
Jennifer L. Erkulwater. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006. 272p.
$42.50.Political scientists who study the American welfare state tend to
focus on a small number of social programs. Social Security and
“welfare” (now called Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)
are probably the best known. Typically, the goal is to show how much one
or two factors—for example, public opinion, institutional design,
policy elites, race, gender—influence these programs. This book is
different. It focuses on two programs for the disabled, Disability
Insurance (DI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), which are studied
less often. And it tries to account for a wide range of influences on
their development. The book is a genuine addition to our understanding of
U.S. social policy and a fine example of how to create a rich explanation
of policy change.
The First Amendment in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Comparative
Legal Analysis of the Freedom of Speech
Authors: Yalof David 
Published: February 2007

The First Amendment in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Comparative
Legal Analysis of the Freedom of Speech. By Ronald J. Krotoszynski,
Jr. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 336p. $50.00.The growing influence of modern foreign laws and legal rulings on the
American model of constitutionalism is a dirty little secret no longer. In
Lawrence v. Texas (2003), Supreme Court Justice Anthony
Kennedy, writing for the majority, made no apologies about his willingness
to consult with rulings from the European Court of Human Rights in holding
that the Fourteenth Amendment's promise of due process of law forbids
the state of Texas from prohibiting sodomy between consenting adults.
Court observers should have seen this development coming: With the
breakdown of the Soviet Union came the emergence of new Western-style
democracies thrust into the position of building new republics from
scratch. American constitutional scholars were called upon in the late
1980s and early 1990s to consult with officials from these countries and
advise them on the drafting of their own constitutions. Constitutionalism
is now a commodity that travels across international lines. The Supreme
Court's controversial method in Lawrence may or may not
signal the beginning of a new era of cross-national consultations by the
high Court. However, it does coincide with a growing interest on the part
of political scientists studying comparative law and comparative
constitutionalism during the past decade.
Deliberative Choices: Debating Public Policy in Congress
Authors: Martin Paul S. 
Published: February 2007

Deliberative Choices: Debating Public Policy in Congress. By
Gary Mucciaroni and Paul J. Quirk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
2006. 296p. $50.00 cloth, $20.00 paper.Gary Mucciaroni and Paul Quirk have done the field a service by
reminding us that Congress is a deliberative body, even if it is not
always a good deliberative body. The authors foreshadow their
findings, stating: “Congressional debate is only moderately
realistic and informed. Listeners encounter a considerable volume of
distortions, omissions, and even falsehoods, with apparent potential to
mislead” (p. x). They base this conclusion on a study of effects
claims made during three significant policy debates: Welfare Reform in
1995 and 1996, the Estate Tax Repeal in 1999 and 2000, and the
Telecommunication Deregulation Act of 1996. Effects claims are claims made
during debate about the likely effects of the legislation or amendment
under consideration: Reforming welfare will reduce illegitimate births;
current tax rates depress incentives to invest; deregulation will help the
telecommunications industry grow. The heavy lifting in the book comes from
the authors' assessments of the validity of these effects claims (and
rebuttals) based on contemporary knowledge of the issues that would have
been available to members of Congress.