bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid column‐switching liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric assay for DHEA‐sulfate in the plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cho Sung‐Hee , Jung Byung Hwa , Lee Won‐Yong , Chung Bong Chul 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA simple and highly sensitive method for the quantification of dehydroepiandrosterone‐3‐sulfate (DHEAS) in human plasma was developed. DHEAS was directly determined in plasma using column‐switching liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). The plasma was filtered with a membrane filter. The filtrate was injected onto a pre‐column without further sample preparation such as extraction or derivatization. The pre‐column was washed with an aqueous solution to remove interference and the analyte was eluted into a reversed‐phase C18 analytical column for separation and detection using a column‐switching valve. The calibration range of DHEAS was 0.01–10 µmol/L, and the linearity of the method was 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) at a signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio of 3 was 5 nmol/L. The accuracy and precision (%CV) were less than 10% in within‐day and day‐to‐day variations. To explore the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the DHEAS level in human plasma, the concentrations of DHEAS in female patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 20) and in normal female subjects (n = 20) were measured. The level of DHEAS was significantly decreased in the plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease (p < 0.0002) compared with that in normal subjects. From the results, we concluded that our method is sufficiently sensitivity and reliability for the quantification of DHEAS in clinical samples. Plasma DHEAS concentration could be an important marker to understand the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional survival of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Moller Michael B. , Pedersen Niels T. , Christensen Bjarne E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrognosis of lymphoma patients is usually estimated at the time of diagnosis and the estimates are guided by the International Prognostic Index (IPI). However, conditional survival estimates are more informative clinically, as they consider those patients only who have already survived a period of time after treatment. Conditional survival data have not been reported for lymphoma patients.METHODSConditional survival was estimated for 1209 patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) from the population‐based LYFO registry of the Danish Lymphoma Group. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate conditional survival at 0‐5 years after diagnosis.RESULTSThe probability of surviving 5 years increases with each year survived for the first 3 years after diagnosis, after which the increase is minimal. The median survival increases from 38 months for all patients to between 108 and 120 months, conditioned on survival for at least 3‐5 years. The prognostic capacity of the IPI and the age‐adjusted IPI was high at diagnosis, but the significance gradually declined in the first years after diagnosis. Furthermore, the prognostic impact of the individual clinical variables of the IPI was also significant at diagnosis, but 2 years after diagnosis only age had prognostic impact. Multivariate analysis of patients who survived ≥3 years identified only age as a prognostic factor.CONCLUSIONFor patients with DLBCL who have survived more than 1 year after diagnosis, the conditional survival probability provides more accurate prognostic information than the conventional survival rate estimated from the time of diagnosis. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
ACTIBIND, an actin‐binding fungal T2‐RNase with antiangiogenic and anticarcinogenic characteristics
Authors: Roiz Levava , Smirnoff Patricia , Bar‐Eli Menashe , Schwartz Betty , Shoseyov Oded 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDACTIBIND is an Aspergillus niger extracellular ribonuclease (T2‐ribonuclease [RNase]) that possesses actin‐binding activity. In plants, ACTIBIND inhibits the elongation and alters the orientation of pollen tubes by interfering with the intracellular actin network. The question rose whether ACTIBIND can also affect mammalian cancer development.METHODSCell colony formation was performed in human colon (HT‐29, Caco‐2, RSB), breast (ZR‐75‐1), and ovarian (2780) cancer cells in the presence or absence of 1 μM ACTIBIND. In HT‐29 and ZR‐75‐1 cells, the effect of ACTIBIND on cell migration was studied by microscopic observations and by invasion assay through Matrigel. Tube formation was assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the presence of angiogenin or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (1 μg/mL each) following overnight incubation with 1 or 10 μM ACTIBIND. In an athymic mouse xenograft model, HT‐29 cells were injected subcutaneously, followed by subcutaneous (0.4‐8 mg/mouse/injection) or intraperitoneal (0.001‐1 mg/mouse/injection) injections of ACTIBIND. In a rat dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐colorectal carcinogenesis model, ACTIBIND was released directly into the colon via osmotic micropumps (250 μg/rat/day) or given orally via microcapsules (1.6 mg/rat/day). Aberrant crypt foci, tumors in the distal colon, and tumor blood vessels were examined.RESULTSACTIBIND had an anticlonogenic effect unrelated to its ribonuclease activity. It also inhibited angiogenin‐induced HUVEC tube formation in a dose‐responsive manner. ACTIBIND was found to bind actin in vitro. It also bound to cancer cell surfaces, leading to disruption of the internal actin network and inhibiting cell motility and invasiveness through Matrigel‐coated filters. In mice, ACTIBIND inhibited HT‐29 xenograft tumor development, given either as a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal treatment. In rats, ACTIBIND exerted preventive and therapeutic effects on developing colonic tumors induced by DMH. It also reduced the degree of tumor observation.CONCLUSIONSThis study indicated that ACTIBIND is an effective antiangiogenic and anticarcinogenic factor. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Palladium‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling and Related Reactions Involving Pyrroles
Authors: Banwell Martin G. , Goodwin Thomas E. , Ng Sarah , Smith Jason A. , Wong David J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Pd0‐catalysed cross‐coupling of intact pyrroles with various reaction partners is reviewed. Coverage includes the Buchwald–Hartwig, carbonylation, Heck, Kumada, Negishi, Sonogashira, Stille, Suzuki–Miyaura, Tsuji–Trost, and (Pd0‐catalysed) Ullmann reactions. Some emphasis is given to the application of such processes in the synthesis of pyrrole‐containing natural products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Pyroglutamate Hydantoin Rearrangement
Authors: Dieltiens Nicolai , Claeys Diederica D. , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Nemykin Victor N. , Allaert Bart , Verpoort Francis , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWhen a mixture of a pyroglutamate and an isocyanate in THF is treated with NaH, a ring transformation occurs leading to functionalised hydantoins. The novel reaction involves a ring‐closing ring‐opening sequence providing a new and straightforward access to an interesting class of heterocyclic compounds. Furthermore, starting from pyroglutamates allows the synthesis of highly substituted hydantoins under very mild conditions. This ring transformation in combination with ring‐closing metathesis is used in a four‐step reaction sequence for the synthesis of multi‐functionalised bicyclic hydantoin derivatives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Metalation of 9‐Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonadiene – the Deprotonation Path to Bridgehead Olefins
Authors: Bassioni Ghada , Köhler Frank H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA new route to bridgehead olefins based on a deprotonation reaction has been established. The deprotonation of 9‐oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonadiene (1) with tBuLi/TMEDA occurs selectively in the allylic position. Whilst 1 has four allyl positions, only one bridgehead proton was removed, as demonstrated by quenching with Me3SnCl, Me3SiOTf, and Me3PbCl. With a threefold excess of deprotonating agent and subsequent treatment with Me3SnCl, three stannylated derivatives – 3, 4a, and 4b – were obtained. Compound 3 is the starting diene 1 substituted at the bridgehead position 1 in the skeleton, and when smaller quantities of deprotonating agent were used it was the only stannylated derivative of 1 formed. Compounds 4a and 4b had each undergone a shift of one double bond to give bridgehead olefins exo‐ and endo‐stannylated at position 3 in the skeleton. The common intermediate precursor of compounds 3, 4a, and 4b was a bridgehead allyl anion, which can also be generated from 3 and could be observed directly by 6Li and 13C NMR spectroscopy. After quenching of the anion with Me3SiOTf, and Me3PbCl, two silylated and plumbylated derivatives of 1 were obtained in each case: the bridgehead‐substituted compounds and the 3‐exo‐substituted bridgehead olefins. The stannylated bridgehead olefins 4a and 4b rearranged slowly to give 3 in what is formally a 1,3‐stannatropic shift reaction. The kinetics of the reactions are zero‐order in 4a and 4b, respectively, pointing to intermediate light‐promoted homolytic cleavage of the Sn–C bond and the formation of a tight radical pair.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Essential oil of Elettariopsis elan C.K. Lim
Authors: Wong K. C. , Sivasothy Y. , Boey P. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves, rhizomes and roots of Elettariopsis elan C.K. Lim were analysed by capillary GC and GC‐MS. Twenty‐eight compounds were identified in the leaf oil, among which monoterpenoids predominated and the most abundant component was geraniol (71.6%). The rhizomes and roots yielded an oil also rich in monoterpenoids but with a distinctly different odour, with camphene (28.6%), fenchyl acetate (8.6%) and α‐phellandrene (8.4%) as the major components. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the essential oil of two different altitudinal populations of Coespeletia moritziana (Sch. Bip.ex Wedd) Cuatrec
Authors: Ibañez J. , Usubillaga A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCoespeletia moritziana is a resinous plant that grows between 3700 and 4400 m at the high paramos of western Venezuela. The essential oil of leaves and flowering stalks of two altitudinal populations was analyzed at different blooming stages. GC‐MS analysis permitted identification of 21 components which made up 90–96% of the oil. It was found that α‐pinene (>50%) and β‐pinene (11–19%) were the most abundant constituents, while germacrene D, α‐ylangene and α‐zingiberene were the most abundant sesquiterpenes. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the existence of chemical variation in the essential oil at the two altitudinal populations of C. moritziana while oil composition at different vegetative stages did not show significant differences. These results suggest that altitude is a factor influencing the chemistry of this plant. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil of Algerian Saccocalyx satureioides Coss. et Durieu
Authors: Biondi Daniela M. , Sari Madani , Ghani Zedam Abdel , Ruberto Giuseppe 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe volatile components of the aerial parts of Saccocalyx satureioides Coss et Durieu, obtained by hydrodistillation, have been analysed by GC and GC‐MS. Forty‐one components have been fully identified and grouped into three classes, namely monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The oxygenated monoterpenes, with 76.9%, was the most represented class, α‐terpineol (32.7%), thymol (22.8%), borneol (11.6%) and carvacrol (6.9%) being the main components. p‐Cymene (5.0%), camphene (2.9%), γ‐terpinene (2.8%), α‐pinene (1.8%) and limonene (1.5%) were the more significant monoterpene hydrocarbons. The concentration of sesquiterpenes was lower than 3%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pesticide and plasticizer residues in biological citrus essential oils from 2003–2004
Authors: Bella G. Di , Serrao L. , Salvo F. , Turco V. Lo , Croce M. , Dugo G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractContamination of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides, phosphorated plasticizers, chloroparaffins and phthalate, adipate and sebacate ester in citrus essential oils produced in Sicily in the crop years 2003–2004 was studied by HRGC in connection with FPD, ECD and MS detectors. All the samples, 40 from 2003 and 10 from 2004, were grown using biological cultivation and were industrially produced. Biological farming is based on the abolition of chemicals and produces food free from contaminants. Unfortunately, residues of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides were found in some of the analysed citrus essential oils from both the crop years. Also, plasticizers residues were found in some of the studied oils, probably as a result of the use of different types of plastic components during the extraction process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil of Homalomena sagittifolia Jungh.
Authors: Wong K. C. , Lim T. B. , Ali D. M. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves and rhizomes of Homalomena sagittifolia Jungh. were analysed by capillary GC and GC‐MS; 59 constituents were identified in the leaf oil, monoterpene hydrocarbons being the major chemical class with α‐pinene (22.2%) and β‐pinene (17.2%) dominating. Among the sesquiterpenoids present, the most abundant was neointermedeol. The rhizome oil yielded 49 identified constituents and was characterized by a very high level of linalool (61.9%). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrusive lherzolites within the basalts of Küre ophiolite (Turkey): an occurrence in the Tethyan suprasubduction marginal basin
Authors: Çakir Üner , Genç Yurdal , Paktunç Doğan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Küre ophiolite is interpreted as the remnants of the suprasubduction marginal basin formed on the northwardly subducted Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. The Küre Basin was opened during late Late Triassic and closed during late Middle Jurassic.Intrusive lherzolites cut the lower part of the basalts forming the volcanic upper unit of the Küre ophiolite. Lherzolites occur in tabular form with hectometric dimensions and have a massive character. High temperature metamorphic effects were developed in the wallrock along a zone a few metres thick. The lherzolite is relatively fresh and displays poikilitic texture where subhedral and anhedral olivines are included in large pyroxenes. The primary mineral paragenesis of the lherzolite is represented by olivine and chromite as early cumulus phases. Diopside, bronzite and plagioclase are the late igneous minerals. Hornblende and titanite formed during the late stage of crystallization at the expense of clinopyroxene. Serpentine minerals, phlogopite and hydrogrossular are the secondary minerals formed at the expense of olivine, bronzite and diopside. Tremolite, actinolite, chlorite and sericite are the late alteration products of the lherzolite.High temperature and low pressure conditions are indicated based on the mineral compositions. The crystallization temperature of the olivine and chromite is estimated to be 1015–1070°C, and that of the pyroxenes, the last crystallized primary minerals, around 900–950°C. The solidification of the magma was completed in the lower part of the basalts, at a depth of c. 2.7 km. The Küre lherzolite has a very high oxygen fugacity indicating an oxidized arc magma origin. The magma rose as a crystal mush and intruded the basalts. The generation of the parental magma may be explained by extensive melting of the upper mantle, facilitated by the presence of hydrous fluids released from the subducted Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new deep‐water Upper Ordovician (Caradocian) trilobite fauna from south‐west Wales
Authors: Fortey Richard A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA deep‐water trilobite fauna has been discovered in the otherwise graptolitic Mydrim Formation near Clarbeston Road, Pembrokeshire, south‐west Wales. Associated graptolites indicate an early Caradocian age. The trilobites comprise three species with eyes reduced or absent, representing an atheloptic assemblage with benthic life habits, which appeared during a short period of relative oxygenation of the Welsh Basin. The trilobite Platycalymene dilatata (Tullberg) is redescribed from the type material from Sweden, and new material from Wales is assigned to this species. Two new species are described in addition. Rorringtonia multisegmentata sp. nov. possesses twelve thoracic segments, which has implications for the classification of the Rorringtoniidae within the Aulacopleuroidea. Trinucleus conollyi sp. nov. differs from T. fimbriatus in the proliferation of the radial sulci. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of stormflow responses of surface‐mined and forested watersheds in the Appalachian Mountains, USA
Authors: Negley Timothy L. , Eshleman Keith N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe results of a hydrological analysis that was conducted as part of a larger, multifaceted, collaborative effort to quantify ecosystem functions in watersheds subjected to land‐use and land‐cover change are presented. The primary goal of the study was to determine whether a small watershed in the Appalachian region (USA) that was recently subjected to surface mining and reclamation practices produces stormflow responses to rain events that are different from those produced by a nearby reference watershed covered by young, second‐growth forest. Water balances indicated that runoff yields did not vary significantly between the two watersheds on an annual basis. Statistically significant differences (p⩽0·05) in runoff responses were observed on an event basis, however, with the mined/reclaimed watershed producing, on average (a) higher storm runoff coefficients (2·5×), (b) greater total storm runoff (3×), and (c) higher peak hourly runoff rates (2×) when compared with the reference watershed. Results of a unit hydrograph analysis also showed, unexpectedly, that the modelled unit responses of the two watersheds to effective rainfall pulses were similar, despite the noted differences in land cover. Differences in stormflow responses were thus largely explained by dramatic reductions in cumulative rates of rainfall abstraction (measured using infiltrometers) attributable to soil compaction during land reclamation. Additional field hydrological measurements on other mined watersheds will be needed to generalize our results, as well as to understand and predict the cumulative hydrological impacts of widespread surface mining in larger watersheds and river basins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic identification of the left ventricle in cardiac cine‐MR images: Dual‐contrast cluster analysis and scout‐geometry approaches
Authors: Pednekar Amol S. , Muthupillai Raja , Lenge Veronica V. , Kakadiaris Ioannis A. , Flamm Scott D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the technical feasibility of two approaches—dual‐contrast (DC) cluster analysis, and scout geometry (SG)—for automatic identification of the left ventricular (LV) cavity in short‐axis (SA) cine‐MR images.Materials and MethodsThe DC algorithm uses Fuzzy C‐Means (FCM) cluster analysis of SA images from a black‐blood double‐inversion recovery turbo spin‐echo (dual IR TSE) sequence, and bright‐blood images from a steady‐state free precession (SSFP) sequence. The SG algorithm employs geometric information from scout views (i.e., vertical long‐axis (VLA) and four‐chamber (4CH) views). Both algorithms incorporate additional geometric continuity constraints along with LV region segmentation to identify the LV. The performance of both algorithms was compared on images of eight healthy volunteers, and the SG algorithm was further evaluated on images of 13 clinical patients.ResultsThe DC algorithm identified the LV in 89% (72/75 at end‐diastole (ED) and 47/59 at end‐systole (ES)) of the images from healthy volunteers, compared to 98% (74/75 at ED and 57/59 at ES) by the SG algorithm. Both methods are robust against interslice signal variations and misalignment. The DC method suffers from misregistration between the dual IR TSE and SSFP images near the apex at ES. The SG method identified the LV in 91% (112/122 at ED and 91/102 at ES) of the images from clinical patients.ConclusionThe SG method requires no additional scan, is robust and accurate, and performs better than the DC method for automatic identification of the LV. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone loss dynamics result in trabecular alignment in aging and ovariectomized rats
Authors: Waarsing Jan H. , Day Judd S. , Verhaar Jan A.N. , Ederveen Antwan G.H. , Weinans Harrie 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBecause of the destructive nature of techniques used to measure bone morphometry, studies of architectural changes and bone loss have utilized cross‐sectional study designs, with all its inherent limitations in nuances. Here, the results of a longitudinal study using in vivo micro‐CT are presented elucidating the dynamics of bone loss and architectural adaptation in rat models of aging and postmenopausal bone loss. Using 3‐D methodology, we observed the changes in bone architecture in the proximal tibia of normally aging and ovariectomized rats for 54 weeks. Spatial patterns in bone resorption were observed that were similar for both groups. Remaining trabeculae increased in thickness or were remodeled into new trabecular structures, especially in the ovariectomized animals. The combination of bone loss and bone formation resulted in alignment of trabeculae across the growth plate. Cortical modeling that was associated with growth continued after cessation of longitudinal growth in the ovariectomized animals, resulting in shape changes of the proximal tibia. The organized nature of the changes in bone architecture that occurred after ovariectomy and the high similarity with the changes observed in the normally aging animals, suggest that estrogen depletion resulted in an acceleration of a normal bone adaptation process. The observed aligning of trabeculae suggests regulation through mechanical loading. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Cartilage tissue engineering by expanded goat articular chondrocytes
Authors: Miot S. , Scandiucci de Freitas P. , Wirz D. , Daniels A.U. , Sims T. J. , Hollander A. P. , Mainil‐Varlet P. , Heberer M. , Martin I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this study we investigated whether expanded goat chondrocytes have the capacity to generate cartilaginous tissues with biochemical and biomechanical properties improving with time in culture. Goat chondrocytes were expanded in monolayer with or without combinations of FGF‐2, TGF‐β1, and PDGFbb, and the postexpansion chondrogenic capacity assessed in pellet cultures. Expanded chondrocytes were also cultured for up to 6 weeks in HYAFF®‐M nonwoven meshes or Polyactive™ foams, and the resulting cartilaginous tissues were assessed histologically, biochemically, and biomechanically. Supplementation of the expansion medium with FGF‐2 increased the proliferation rate of goat chondrocytes and enhanced their postexpansion chondrogenic capacity. FGF‐2‐expanded chondrocytes seeded in HYAFF®‐M or Polyactive™ scaffolds formed cartilaginous tissues with wet weight, glycosaminoglycan, and collagen content, increasing from 2 days to 6 weeks culture (up to respectively 2‐, 8‐, and 41‐fold). Equilibrium and dynamic stiffness measured in HYAFF®‐M‐based constructs also increased with time, up to, respectively, 1.3‐ and 16‐fold. This study demonstrates the feasibility to engineer goat cartilaginous tissues at different stages of development by varying culture time, and thus opens the possibility to test the effect of maturation stage of engineered cartilage on the outcome of cartilage repair in orthotopic goat models. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res