bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant and dialysis patients by DNA‐DNA hybridisation assay
Authors: Agha S. A. , Mahmoud L. A. , Archard L. C. , Abd‐Elaal A. M. , Selwyn S. , Mee A. D. , Coleman J. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne hundred forty‐eight urine specimens were collected from 47 renal transplant and dialysis patients and screened for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV). Diagnosis of CMV infection was suggested in 17 out of 47 patients (36.2%) by more than one of the five methods used. DNA hybridisation assay (DNA HA) using 32P‐labelled probe detected CMV DNA in 15 (31.9%) of 47 patients, whereas virus isolation on conventional tube cell cultures (CTC), immunofluorescence incorporating monoclonal antibodies on centrifugation vial cultures (IF), complement fixation test (CFT), and electron microscopy (EM) yielded positive results in only nine (19.2%), 12 (25.2%), 11 (23.4%), and one (2.1%) of 47 patients, respectively. The significance of these results obtained by DNA HA lies not only in the apparent increase in number of patients diagnosed, but also in both early and rapid detection of CMV DNA. More importantly, the DNA HA is highly specific in that it correlates accurately with clinical and laboratory data characteristic of CMV disease. In respect of clinically manifest CMV disease, the specificity of DNA HA, CTC, IF, CFT, and EM was 87.5, 43.7, 56.3, 43.7, and 6.3%, respectively. These advantages of DNA HA make it the test of choice for early diagnosis of CMV infections in immunosuppressed patients.
High frequency of hepatitis B virus DNA in anti‐HBe positive sera on longitudinal follow‐up of patients with renal transplants and chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Norder Helene , Brattström Christina , Magnius Lars 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were determined in 821 patients receiving renal allografts and undergoing immunosuppressive therapy during 1970–1986. Twenty‐four of the patients with a renal transplant functioning for longer than 1 year originally were or became chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). These patients remained carriers during the follow‐up period, which lasted until death or until the end of 1986. Follow‐up time was 1.2–15.3 years (mean 9.1 years). A total of 301 samples from the HBsAg‐positive patients were tested for HBV DNA and HBeAg/DNA and HBeAg/anti‐HBe.Nine patients who were constantly positive for HBeAg also remained positive for HBV DNA. Reactivation of HBV replication occurred in 11 patients. Among these, HBV DNA and HBeAg varied in parallel in six patients, three patients developed anti‐HBe, and two patients were constantly positive for anti‐HBe. Another four of the 24 patients seroconverted to anti‐HBe, and two of these also lost HBV DNA.Three of 12 deceased patients died from liver failure during follow‐up. None of these three had been constantly positive for HBeAg or HBV DNA, but they had had reactivations of HBV; two were also positive for HBV DNA in serum specimens available from their terminal month.HBV DNA was demonstrated in 99% of HBeAgpositive and 53% of anti‐HBe‐positive sera and in at least two samples from each of the 24 patients. It may be presumed that the reason for failure to eliminate the HBV infection, and for progressive liver disease in this group of patients, was a discordant T‐and B‐cell response to HBeAg. Due to the high frequency of HBV DNA in HBeAg negative and in anti‐HBe positive sera from immunosuppressed HBsAg‐positive renal transplant patients, determination of serum HBV DNA is important for defining infectivity in these patients.
Protective effect of a synthetic peptide comprising the complete pres2 region of the hepatitis b virus surface protein
Authors: Emini Emilio A. , Larson Vivian , Ellis Ronald W. , Miller William J. , Gerety Robert J. , Conard Patricia , Garsky Victor M. , Anderson Charles A. , Eichberg Jorg , Rick Lee D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA peptide was synthesized containing the entire 55 amino acid residue sequence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen preS2 region (ad subtype). The unconjugated peptide was inoculated into four chimpanzees. Following multiple injections, all of the animals developed specific antipeptide antibodies that reacted with intact surface antigen particles bearing the preS2 moiety. All four peptide‐inoculated animals were found to be protected from infection after intravenous challenge with live HBV of either the ad or ay subtypes.
Brief report: Primary human herpesvirus 6 infection in a patient following liver transplantation from a seropositive donor
Authors: Ward K. N. , Gray J. J. , Efstathiou S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA virus, isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient 23 days after liver transplantation, was identified by negative contrast and thin‐section electron microscopy, DNA hybridisation, and immunofluorescence as human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6). The patient was seronegative for antibodies to HHV‐6 before receiving the liver from a seropositive donor. Seroconversion for IgM and IgG antibodies occurred at the same time as the viraemia, indicating a primary response to HHV‐6 infection that was probably acquired from the donor liver. The relationship of the infection to the patient's subsequent disease episodes is discussed.
Immune response of patients with congenital coagulation disorders to hepatitis b vaccine: Suboptimal response and human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Miller Elizabeth J. , Lee Christine A. , Holmes Sue , Kernoff P. B. A. , Thomas H. C. , Karayiannis P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeventy‐eight patients with congenital coagulation disorders were treated with hepatitis B vaccine either subcutaneously or intradermally. All the children (eight vaccinated subcutaneously and eight vaccinated intradermally) responded. Seventeen of 19 (90%) anti‐HIV‐negative adults vaccinated subcutaneously and 14/25 (56%) anti‐HIV‐negative adults vaccinated intradermally showed an immune response. At 24 months, the anti‐HBs level was > 10 IU/I in all children vaccinated subcutaneously, 83% of children vaccinated intradermally, 77% of adults vaccinated subcutaneously, and 55% of adults vaccinated intradermally. Eight of 15 (53%) adult patients who were anti‐HIV positive were also anti‐HBc positive before vaccination and 6/8 (75%) failed to produce an amnestic response to vaccine. Subcutaneous vaccination with regular monitoring of anti‐HBs levels and appropriate boosting is recommended.
Epidemiology of hepatitis B in eastern Kenya
Authors: Hyams Kenneth C. , Morrill John C. , Woody James N. , Okoth F. A. , Tukei P. M. , Mugambi M. , Johnson Bruce , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA cross‐sectional survey of outpatients attending the three district hospitals in the towns of Mombasa, Kilifi, and Malindi was conducted to determine the patterns of hepatitis B transmission in eastern Kenya. Of 1,533 study subjects (mean age 21.9 ± 13.2 years; range, 4 months to 80 years), 11.4% were positive for HBsAg and 56.2% were seropositive for at least one hepatitis B marker (HBsAg, anti‐HBs, or anti‐HBc). Antidelta antibody was found in 1.2% of HBsAg‐positive samples. HBeAg was found in 36.0% of HBsAg‐positive samples obtained from women of childbearing age. The prevalance of seropositivity for hepatitis B markers was positively correlated with age, increasing from 20% in subjects less than 4 years old to more than 80% in study subjects greater than 40 years old. On multivariate analysis, male sex was found to be associated with HBsAg positivity, and age and previous deliveries of children were associated with seropositivity for any hepatitis marker (HBsAg, anti‐HBs, or anti‐HBc). An effective hepatitis B immunization strategy in this region of Kenya would require vaccination early in life because a major portion of hepatitis B transmission occurs in childhood.
Brief report: Killer cell defect and persistent immunological abnormalities in two patients with chronic active epstein‐barr virus infection
Authors: Joncas J. , Monczak Y. , Ghibu F. , Alfieri C. , Bonin A. , Ahronheim G. , Rivard G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo members of a family have manifested a syndrome of chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. A father and his daughter suffered prolonged or recurrent mononucleosis, with splenomegaly, anemia, and intermittent fever; persistent immunological abnormalities included defective natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, inverted CD4/CD8 ratios, hyper IgG1, high EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA) antibodies, and low or undetectable EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibody titers. The EBV seronegative member of the family was free of these abnormalities. However, NK activity in the seronegative individual was low‐normal and its EBV‐specific antibody‐dependent K‐cell cytotoxicity (EBV‐ADCC) was abnormally low, suggesting that this K‐NK cell defect may be primary. The father, who suffered from the syndrome for more than 15 years, lacked (or lost) antibodies to EBV‐envelope and infected cell membranes, such as antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), neutralizing (NT), and gp 350/220 antibodies. Slow improvement over a period of years was heralded by rising NK cytotoxicity.
Toga‐Like virus as a cause of fulminant hepatitis attributed to sporadic non‐a, non‐b
Authors: Fagan Elizabeth A. , Portmann Bernard , Williams Roger , Ellis David S. , Tovey George M. , Zuckerman Arie J. , Lloyd Graham 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVirus‐like particles (60–70 nm) with spiked surfaces budding into cell vacuoles and rod‐shaped inclusions were detected in nuclei of hepatocytes from a British patient transplanted for sporadic non‐A, non‐B fulminant hepatitis (NANBFHF), probably contracted in Kenya. Identical particles were seen in two successive grafts (days 2 and 10) at regrafting for recurrent FHF. Ultrastructural features resembled those of the RNA‐containing arbovirus, Rift Valley fever virus, but serological markers against a representative panel for arboviruses (Togaviruses) and transmission in mice proved negative. The particles shared features with the different arboviruses seen in the hepatectomy specimen of a second patient with NANB‐FHF, and in both patients an insect vector was implicated in the clinical history. The particles were identical in size to those of a third patient with NANB‐FHF, who had remained in the United Kingdom. These findings, together with the recent report of isolation of an RNA‐containing virus resembling the Togaviridae, in parenteral NANB, suggest that several exotic virus‐like agents resembling the arboviruses may be involved in the aetiology of NANB, including in the sporadic forms of FHF in the United Kingdom.
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis b virus, hepatitis d virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among parenteral drug abusers in southern taiwan
Authors: Chung Dye‐Chii , Ko Ying‐Chin , Chen Chien‐Jen , Chen Eng‐Rin , Wu Chung‐Chieng , Wu Pyng‐Shouh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA total of 390 parenteral drug abusers (PDAs) at the Kaohsiung Municipal Narcotics Abstention Institute were examined for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (anti‐HBs), and core antibody (anti‐HBc) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and for antibody to HIV (anti‐HIV) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HDV (anti‐HDV) were also tested for HBsAg‐positive serum samples. Although the HBsAg‐positive rate (22.1%) among PDAs was similar to that of the general population in southern Taiwan, the HBV infection rate (99.2%) and the anti‐HDV‐positive rate (78.5%) among HBsAg‐positive subjects were significantly higher than those of the general population in southern Taiwan (P < 0.0001). None of the PDAs studied were positive for anti‐HIV.The levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) among PDAs were significantly higher than those of the general population in southern Taiwan (P < 0.0001). The more frequent the institutionalisation, the higher the infection rates with HBV and HDV and elevated levels of SGOT and SGPT. Horizontal transmission through parenteral drug abuse may be considered a possible reason for the significantly higher rates of HBV and HDV among parenteral drug abusers.
Mutations that change the immunological subtype of hepatitis b virus surface antigen and distinguish between antigenic and immunogenic determination
Authors: Ashton‐Rickardt Philip G. , Murray Kenneth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe molecular basis of the d or y immunological subtype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) has been investigated by mutation of specific amino acid residues. When combined with substitution of serine 113 by threonine, replacement of arginine 122 by Iysine or of tyrosine 134 by phenylalanine, or both of these changes, altered the antigenic subtype of HBsAg from y+ d– to y+ d+. These same mutations had a more dramatic effect on the subtype of antibodies induced by the antigens, a combination of all three mutations completely changing the subtype from y to d. Our study thus identifies residues in HBsAg that not only affect the subtype but discriminate between changes in antigenic and immunogenic behaviour. It also shows how the y and d subtypes may be manifest by the same molecule.
Free and antibody‐complexed antigen and antibody profile in apparently healthy HIV seropositive individuals and in aids patients
Authors: Portera Mario , Vitale Francesco , Licata Rosaria La , Alesi Domenico Russo , Lupo Giuseppina , Bonura Filippa , Romano Nino , Cuonzo Giordano Di 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe pattern of free and antibody‐complexed HIV antigen and the antibody profile were investigated retrospectively in 305 serum samples taken from 22 AIDS patients before and during the development of AIDS and from 40 apparently healthy seropositive individuals.Most AIDS patients were found positive for both free and complexed antigen and had high gp41 antibody titres but low or undetectable p24 antibody. Four different patterns of HIV antigenaemia were observed: 1) positive for both free and complexed antigen; 2) negative for free HIV antigen at first, but always positive for complexed antigen; 3) positive for free antigen without complexed antigen; and 4) negative for both free and complexed antigen.The development of immune complexes preceded the appearance of free antigen and might reflect the ongoing viral replication with antigen excess and binding of anticore antibodies. No correlation was found between the development of AIDS symptoms and either the duration of free antigen positivity or the level of antigenaemia.A different pattern was observed in apparently healthy seropositive individuals: 90% of whom had high antibody titres to p24 and gp41 and were persistently negative for free and complexed HIV antigen.This study demonstrates that testing HIV markers in sequentially collected serum samples from HIV seropositive individuals is a useful and simple tool for early identification of persons at risk of developing AIDS.
Serum IgG subclass responses of humans to inactivated and live influenza A vaccines compared to natural infections with influenza A
Authors: Hocart Michael J. , Mackenzie John S. , Stewart Geoffrey A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractStudies with various viral agents have suggested that a preferential production of IgG subclasses may occur during infection, but limited information has been reported on the IgG isotypes produced during vaccination with live or killed virus preparations. The serum IgG subclass responses to influenza A infection or inoculation with live or killed influenza A vaccines were examined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and results were expressed using a 4‐parameter logistic model. It was observed that IgG1 was induced by both natural infections and the live virus vaccine depending on the dose given. Inactivated vaccines induced significant titres of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 isotypes in vaccines, again depending upon the amount of virus preparation administered.
Speed of progression to AIDS and degree of antibody response to accessory gene products of HIV‐1
Authors: Reiss Peter , Lange Joep M. A. , de Ronde Anthony , de Wolf Frank , Dekker John , Debouck Christine , Goudsmit Jaap 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAntibodies to E. coli‐produced HIV‐1 nef, rev, tat, vpu, and vpr proteins were measured by enzyme immunoassay in serial sets of sera from 72 men seroconverting for antibodies to HIV‐1 structural proteins, and from 190 initially symptom‐free men who were seropositive for these antibodies at entry into the study. In the men seroconverting for antibodies to structural proteins the levels of nef‐, rev‐, and tat‐specific antibodies, but not of vpu‐, and vpr‐specific antibodies, within 3 months of seroconversion, appeared to be lower in the five men progressing to AIDS, compared with the men remaining symptom‐free during follow‐up. Analysis of the prevalence of previously described antibody profiles to these accessory gene products was carried out. In all HIV‐1 antibody seroconverters and in those HIV‐1 antibody seropositive men with 15 or more months of follow‐up who progressed to AIDS, there was a shift from predominantly nef‐ and vpu‐specific antibody negative profiles in the men developing AIDS in the early years of the study to predominantly nef‐ and vpu‐specific antibody positive profiles in men who developed AIDS later. Rev‐ and tat‐specific antibody negative profiles were dominant in men progressing to AIDS throughout follow‐up. No vpr‐specific antibody profile occurred preferentially in the men progressing to AIDS throughout follow‐up. Low antibody reactivity to accessory gene products nef, rev, and tat appears, like low anti‐core antibody reactivity, to be associated with progression to AIDS relatively rapidly after infection with HIV‐1.
Reduced duck hepatitis B virus viraemia in ducklings coinfected with the immunodepressive reticuloendotheliosis virus
Authors: Dixon Robert J. , Jones Noel F. , Freiman John S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCoinfection of avian hosts by duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was studied to assess the effect of immunodepression by REV on the replication of DHBV. One‐day‐old ducklings, domestic chickens, and turkey poults were inoculated either with DHBV or DHBV and REV and were bled and weighed at regular intervals. DHBV infection as manifested by viraemia and DHBV DNA in liver was established only in ducklings. All chickens and turkeys were negative for DHBV DNA in serum and liver. However, ducklings coinfected with REV showed a delayed onset and reduced level of viraemia compared to ducklings infected only with DHBV. The narrow host range of DHBV was confirmed even in immunodepressed species. It is suggested that the reduction in DHBV viraemia in ducklings was due to factors not involving the specific immune system.
Intrahepatic expression of HBcAg and delta antigen in anti‐HBe positive HBsAg carriers with acute exacerbation or chronic active liver disease
Authors: Chu Chia‐Ming , Liaw Yun‐Fan , Sheen I‐Shyan , Chen Tong‐Jong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntrahepatic expression of HBcAg and hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) was studied in 43 patients with acute exacerbation AE and 37 with chronic active liver disease CALD, in order to evaluate the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfection in development of AE or CALD in anti‐HBe positive HBsAg carriers in Taiwan, and the results were compared with 37 patients with only minor hepatitic activity. Only 8.1% of patients with minor hepatitic activity were HBcAg positive and none were HDAg positive. In contrast, 41.8% and 32.6% of patients with AE were positive for HBcAg and HDAg, respectively, and the other 25.6% were negative for both. The clinical features of AE showed no difference in relation to HBcAg and HDAg activity in the liver except that patients without HBcAg and HDAg were predominantly older adults. These patients might be supposed to have non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (NANB) virus superinfection, as many reports have shown a predominance of older patients in acute NANB hepatitis. Of the patients with CALD, 40.5% were HBcAg positive, 27.0% were HDAg positive, and 32.5% were positive for neither. Histological features of CALD were identified in 83.3% and 100% of patients with HBcAg and HDAg activity, respectively, but only in 26.1% of those without HBcAg and HDAg. The etiology of CALD in the latter group remains unclear. Furthermore, some of the anti‐delta seropositive patients with AE or CALD expressed HBcAg rather than HDAg in the liver. In conclusion, the majority of AE or CALD instances in anti‐HBe carriers in Taiwan could be attributed to HBV replication or HDV superinfection. Studies of HBcAg and HDAg activity in the liver are thus of great importance in the diagnosis and management of HBsAg/anti‐HBe positive chronic liver disease.
Very low dose hepatitis B vaccination in the newborn: Anamnestic response to booster at four years
Authors: Moyes C. D. , Milne A. , Waldon J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeventy‐eight children who had received three very low doses (1 or 2 μg) of Merck, Sharp, and Dohme (MSD) plasma‐derived vaccine (PDV) in early infancy were followed to approximately four years of age. Of the 70 who had responded to the initial course of vaccine with measurable anti‐HBs, levels had fallen to below 10 mlU/ml in 38% of subjects given 1 μg doses and in 17% of those who had been given 2 μg doses. None of the children were positive for anti‐HBc. Two weeks after a 2 μg dose of MSD recombinant DNA (rDNA) vaccine all subjects had more than 10 mlU/ml of anti‐HBs, with 90% exceeding 1,000 mlU/ml. A response to hepatitis B vaccine in infancy is followed by an effective immunological memory for serveral years, even if anti‐HBs falls to low levels. The rDNA hepatitis B vaccine (MSD) in 2 μg doses is an effective booster following a primary course of plasma derived vaccine.
Serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sbolli G. , Zanetti A. R. , Tanzi E. , Cavanna L. , Civardi G. , Fornari F. , Di Stasi M. , Buscarini L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAntibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) were detected in 60.8% of 78 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cirrhosis, present in most of the patients, as well as alcohol abuse, age, sex, and α‐fetoprotein were equally distributed in the anti‐HCV‐positive and ‐negative groups. HBsAg positivity was significatively higher in negative anti‐HCV group. By contrast, hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibodies were detected more frequently in positive anti‐HCV patients than in the negative anti‐HCV group. These data must be considered with caution becuase of the small number of HBsAg‐positive patients. It is concluded that the high prevalence of anti‐HCV in patients with HCC may suggest an etiological role of the hepatitis C virus, although in relationship to age, alcohol abuse and cirrhosis, the similarity in the two groups questions this hypothesis.