bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐racemic Tin(IV) Complexes Containing P‐chirogenic Phosphinomethylphenolate Ligands
Authors: Müller Gerhard , Brand Jörg 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe chiral SnIV complexes L*SnMe2Cl (5) and L*SnMe2H (6) containing the P‐chirogenic o‐[(t‐butyl)(phenyl)phosphinomethyl]phenolate ligand (L*) have been synthesized via the respective lithium complex [LiL*]4 (4). The synthesis and structure of 4 are described. The stereochemical course of the ligand synthesis was monitored by chiral HPLC and single crystal structure analysis on suitable intermediates. The tin atom in 5 is pentacoordinate by intramolecular phosphine coordination whereas 6 contains tetracoordinate tin without phosphine coordination. Slow racemization of 5 at 100 °C afforded 5‐rac while oxidation with elemental oxygen led under retention of configuration at phosphorus to the phosphinoxide complex o‐[(tBu)(Ph)P*(O)CH2]C6H4OSnMe2Cl (7) with P‐O coordination to tin. The compounds 5, 5‐rac, and 7 were also characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Comparative Reductive Reactivity of SmI2 with TmI2 in the Synthesis of Lanthanide Arene Complexes
Authors: Fagin Anatolii A. , Bochkarev Mikhail N. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Ziller Joseph W. , Evans William J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractArene complexes of divalent samarium, [(C6R6)Sm(AlCl3I)2]n (C6R6 = C6H5Me (1); C6Me6 (2)), were obtained by reaction of unsolvated SmI2 with AlCl3 in toluene and hexamethylbenzene. Crystallization of the tetrahalo‐aluminate lanthanide arene complexes gave single crystals that showed disorder in the Cl and I positions by X‐ray crystallography, but provided detailed information on η6‐arene coordination to SmII. The more strongly reducing lanthanide diiodide TmI2 did not form analogous products under the same conditions, but the reaction of TmI2 with AlCl3 in toluene in the presence of naphthalene formed the trivalent arene complex (C6H5Me)Tm(AlCl4‐xIx)3 (3).
Chains of OH−‐centered [Pb2+]3 Triangles in the Crystal Structure of Pb3(OH)2(NH2SO3)4
Authors: Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractColourless single crystals of Pb3(OH)2(NH2SO3)4 were obtained hydrothermally by the reaction of PbO with NH2SO3H in aqueous solution. In the crystal structure (orthorhombic, Z = 8, Pnma, a = 2018.5(2), b = 2184.5(2), c = 722.19(6) pm, R1 = 0.0757 (all data), OH− centred [Pb2+]3 triangles are connected to infinite cationic chains $^{1}_{\infty}\rm [(OH)Pb_{3/2}]^{2+}$ that are coordinated by the NH2SO3− ligands.
Organometallic Derivatives at the Core of Phosphorus‐Containing Dendrimers
Authors: Turrin Cédric‐Olivier , Donnadieu Bruno , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Majoral Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of a new family of phosphorus‐containing dendrimers is described up to the fourth generation. These compounds are built from a ferrocene core substituted by two electron withdrawing P=N‐P=S linkages, which dramatically modify the electrochemical properties of the ferrocene. These substituents are able to complex instantaneously group 11 metals, and the structure of one of these complexes has been determined by X‐ray diffraction.
Lithium, Aluminum, and Gallium Complexes of the C6F5‐Substituted β‐Diketiminate Ligand [HC(CMe)2(NC6F5)2]‐
Authors: Vidovic Dragoslav , Jones Jamie N. , Moore Jennifer A. , Cowley Alan H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe β‐aminoimine [HC(CMe)2(NC6F5)2]H (1) is readily converted into the lithium β‐diketiminate [HC(CMe)2(NC6F5)2]Li·OEt2 (2) by treatment with MeLi. The aluminum and gallium derivatives [{HC(CMe)2(NC6F5)2}MMe2] (M = Al (3); Ga (4)) have been prepared via the CH4 elimination reactions of 1 with MMe3. The X‐ray crystal structures of 1 ‐ 4 have been determined and the trends in metrical parameters are discussed.
[p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(O)2Ce(acac)2]: A Calix[4]arene Stabilized Cerium(IV) Complex
Authors: Gottfriedsen Jochen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCe(acac)4 (acac = acetylacetonate) reacts with p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(OH)2 (1) in toluene to give the new cerium(IV) calix[4]arene complex [p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(O)2Ce(acac)2] (2). The compound has been fully characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods and X‐ray single crystal structure analysis.
Organometallic Sandwich Compounds in Homogeneous Catalysis: An Overview
Authors: Colacot Thomas J. , Hosmane Narayan S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn overview on the applications of metallocene based molecules such as ferrocenyl phosphines, Ti, Zr and Hf complexes of cyclopentadienes and carboranes in homogeneous catalysis are discussed.The industrial applications of organometallic sandwich compounds include carbon‐carbon and carbon‐hetero atom coupling, chiral catalysis and olefin polymerization reactions.
Neue Silber(I)‐oxotellurate(IV/VI)
Authors: Klein Wilhelm , Curda Jan , Peters Eva‐Maria , Jansen Martin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNew Silver(I) Oxotellurates(IV/VI)Reactions of Ag2O and TeO2 at elevated oxygen pressures resulted in three new silver oxotellurates: Ag2Te4O11 ($P{\bar 1}$, a = 7,287(4), b = 7,388(3), c = 9,686(7) Å, α = 95,67(3)°, β = 94,10(3)°, γ = 119,40(3)°, Z = 2, 1973 independent reflections, R1 = 2,51 %, wR2 = 5,42 %) and two modifications of AgTeO3 (AgTeO3‐I: P21/n, a = 5,9099(5), b = 11,6831(8), c = 8,0305(7) Å, β = 100,424(7)°, Z = 4, 1249 independent reflections, R1 = 7,72 %, wR2 = 13,24 %; AgTeO3‐II: P21/m, a = 5,4562(5), b = 7,4009(7), c = 6,9122(7) Å, β = 101,237(2)°, Z = 2, 1221 independent reflections, R1 = 2,84 %, wR2 = 6,16 %). All the three compounds contain tellurium in the oxidation states +4 and +6. Te6+ is coordinated by distorted octahedra of oxygen atoms in each case, while the lone pair of Te4+ is stereochemically active, and the coordination numbers are 5 in Ag2Te4O11 and AgTeO3‐II (distorted square pyramids, pseudo octahedra) and 4 in AgTeO3‐I (pseudo trigonal bipyramid). All compounds show diamagnetic and insulating behaviour.
Neue eindimensionale Koordinationspolymere des Typs (NBu4)[(Me3Sn)MO4] (M = Mo, W)
Authors: Rosenland Frank , Kondracka Małgorzata , Merzweiler Kurt 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNovel One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers of the Type (NBu4)[(Me3Sn)MO4] (M = Mo, W)The reaction of Me3SnBr with (NBu4)2[Mo6O19] and (NBu4)OH in acetonitrile as solvent leads to the formation of (NBu4)[(Me3Sn)MoO4] (3). 3 and the analogous tungsten derivative (NBu4)[(Me3Sn)WO4] (4) are also available by the reaction of [(Me3Sn)2MO4] (M = Mo, W) with (NBu4)OH. 3 crystallizes monoclinic in the space group P21/n with a = 983,8(2), b = 1240,3(2), c = 2172,0(4) pm , β = 99,05(2)° (at 220 K). 4 forms isotypic crystals with a = 989,3(2), b = 1238,7(1), c = 2168,5(4) pm, β = 99,31(2)° (at 220 K). 3 and 4 contain anionic coordination polymers of the type [(Me3Sn)MO4]‐ (M = Mo, W) in which Me3SnO2 bipyramides are linked with MO4 tetrahedra to form chains.
The Syntheses and Structures of Ph4EN3 (E = P, As, Sb), an Example for the Transition from Ionic to Covalent Azides within the Same Main Group
Authors: Haiges Ralf , Schroer Thorsten , Yousufuddin Muhammed , Christe Karl O. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe compounds Ph4EN3 (E = P, As, Sb) were prepared from the corresponding halides by ion exchange in aqueous solution. [Ph4P]N3 crystallizes in the triclinic space group $P{\bar 1}$, while [Ph4As]N3·H2O and Ph4SbN3 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n. In contrast to ionic [Ph4P]+[N3]− and [Ph4As]+[N3]−, the antimony atom in Ph4SbN3 is pentacoordinated and contains a covalently bound azide ligand. This family of compounds serves as an example for the transition from ionic to covalent azides with increasing size of the central atom within the same group of the periodic table.
The Di(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐phosphanide Janus Head Ligand in Zinc and Cadmium Coordination
Authors: Stey Thomas , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe metal phosphanide complexes [(Me3Si)2NZn(BTH)2P]2, (1), and [(Me3Si)2NCd(BTH)2P]2, (2), (BTH = benzothiazolyl, C7H4NS) were synthesized via metalation of the di(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐phosphane employing the metal bis(bis(trimethylsilyl)amides) and structurally characterized. Apart from the deprotonated central phosphorus atom both benzothiazolyl substituents in the anionic Janus head ligand contain a sulfur and a nitrogen ring atom as potential donor sites. As the π‐electron density is mainly located at both nitrogen atoms, zinc and cadmium ions are chelated by the two ring nitrogen atoms. In the head‐to‐tail dimers additional metal‐phosphorus bonds are formed. The sulfur atom is not involved in the coordination in either complex. Although the Cd2+ ion is remarkably bigger than the Zn2+ ion the ligand can respond by a slightly more pronounced butterfly arrangement.
The belief in a just world and subjective perceptions of society: A developmental perspective
Authors: Oppenheimer Louis 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTThe hypothesis guiding this study stated that just world beliefs (i.e., the belief that the world is orderly and just) are primitive beliefs that lose their importance across age as they become replaced by more sophisticated forms of reasoning enabling individuals to handle a world that is neither orderly nor just. In addition, just world beliefs were thought to relate to perceptions of inequality and collectivism within society. In this study, a cross‐sectional design was employed involving 235 secondary school pupils and 268 psychology students divided over six age groups with mean ages 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 years and older. They were presented with the Just World Beliefs Scale and the Individualism–Collectivism Scale. Outcomes revealed that general beliefs in a just world begin to loose their importance around the age of 12, followed by personal beliefs around the age of 16. Vertical collectivism related positively to general and personal just world beliefs showing that the experience of social ‘inequality’ plays an important role in the maintenance of such beliefs.
Is the spring water responsible for the fossilization of faunal remains at Florisbad, South Africa?
Authors: Douglas Rod M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIt is has been suggested that faunal remains at Florisbad were fossilized in a spring context due to the mineralized spring water. However, the environment conducive to the precipitation of CaCO3 and other authigenic minerals was formed largely through the salinization of the organic layers and clay, and the mineralization of the groundwater. Factors contributing to this favorable environment include: CaCO3 saturation, pH, the decomposition of halophytes, Eh, rainfall, biomineralization, and aeolian deposition. With the exception of pH, none of the above factors feature in a spring context, with evidence suggesting that the spring water may historically never have carried sufficient minerals for fossilization, and that contact with the spring water may actually have resulted in the demineralization of previously fossilized material. In light of this evidence, it is concluded that the fossilization of faunal remains at Florisbad took place in a sedimentary organic matter and clay environment and could not have taken place in the spring vents where there is an undersaturation of Ca.
The Archaeological and Genetic Foundations of the European Population during the Late Glacial: Implications for ‘Agricultural Thinking’
Authors: Gamble Clive , Davies William , Pettitt Paul , Hazelwood Lee , Richards Martin 
Published: October 2005

This article presents the initial results from the S2AGES data base of calibrated radiocarbon estimates from western Europe in the period 25,000–10,000 years ago. Our aim is to present a population history of this sub-continental region by providing a chronologically-secure framework for the interpretation of data from genetics and archaeology. In particular, we define five population events in this period, using dates-as-data, and examine the implications for the archaeology of Late Glacial colonization. We contrast this detailed regional approach to the larger project which we call the cognitive origins synthesis that includes historical linguistics in the reconstruction of population history. We conclude that only archaeology can currently provide the framework for population history and the evaluation of genetic data. Finally, if progress is to be made in the new interdisciplinary field of population history then both disciplines need to refrain from inappropriate agricultural thinking that fosters distorting models of European prehistory, and they should also pay less, if any, attention to historical linguistics.With comments from L.G. Straus, J.-P. Bocquet-Appel, P.A. Underhill & R. Housley and followed by a reply from the author.
Mothers' and fathers' childcare involvement with young children in rural families in Malaysia
Authors: Hossain Ziarat , Roopnarine Jaipaul L. , Masud Jariah , Muhamed Abdullah Al‐Hadi , Baharudin Rozumah , Abdullah Rohani , Juhari Rumaya 
Published: October 2005

There is a paucity of data on paternal involvement in childcare in traditional Muslim families in Asia. Using cultural‐ecological models of human development that focus on the developmental niche and hegemonic perspectives on masculinity, mothers' and fathers' levels of childcare involvement with infants were examined in 50 two‐parent, low‐income, rural Malay Muslim families residing in peninsular Malaysia. The major goals were to examine gender of parent and gender of child differences in involvement in childcare activities. Mothers and fathers were interviewed separately in their homes regarding the amount of time and levels of involvement in bedtime routines, physical care of, playing with, singing to, feeding, and soothing infants. Groupwise comparisons of parental perceptions revealed a marked gender‐differentiated pattern of involvement: Mothers perceived that they were significantly more involved in bedtime routines, physical care, feeding, playing, soothing, and singing to infants than did fathers. On average fathers estimated that they spent 18% as much time cleaning infants (0.63 versus 3.50 hours), 22% as much time feeding infants (0.76 versus 3.49), and 56% as much time playing with infants (2.77 versus 4.92 hours) relative to mothers. These patterns of involvement suggest that in traditional, rural Malay Muslim families, mothers are the primary caregivers to infants, and contrary to the father as play partner hypothesis, mothers engaged in more play with infants than did fathers. Despite divergent levels of involvement, mothers and fathers were equally as inclined to be involved with their male or female infants. Findings are interpreted in terms of traditional Muslim beliefs about gendered ideologies regarding childcare roles and levels of paternal involvement in groups of fathers in rural and urban Malaysia. The limitations, due in part to gathering data from single informants and the nature of the sample, and the implications of the findings for increasing paternal involvement are noted.
Nonselective access of spelling–sound knowledge for Korean‐English bilinguals
Authors: Lee Chang H. , Nam Kichun , Katz Leonard 
Published: October 2005

An intense debate in monolingual research concerns the presence of phonological recoding in word recognition. Research supporting the phonological recoding hypothesis in monolingual research suggests the possibility of phonological recoding even in L2 recognition. There has been some experimental evidence showing phonological priming between L1 and L2 for alphabetic bilinguals (e.g., French‐Dutch). In the present study, lexical decision experiments used either L1 or L2 primes with targets from the other language at SOAs of 140 ms and 250 ms for Korean‐English bilinguals. It was found that phonological information activated by either an L1 or L2 prime can interact with phonological information in the other language. That is, L2 shares phonological information with L1, and its spelling–sound knowledge is activated, apparently automatically, at an SOA of 140 ms. The consistent pattern of phonological priming of both L1 and L2 targets at the 140 ms SOA indicates that the spelling–sound knowledge of bilingual lexicons is activated when any linguistic form is presented. Importantly, this indiscriminate activation of spelling–sound knowledge in the Korean‐English bilingual system occurs in the absence of any common orthographic cues because the two languages have totally different writing systems.
Corruption-mitigating Policies: The Case of Italy
Authors: Newell James L. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryOne of the circumstances likely to be associated with the intensity of both investigative and legislative efforts designed to curb political and bureaucratic corruption is institutional reform. Since the characteristics of electoral and party systems seem to be associated with variations in the intensity of anti-corruption efforts cross-nationally, it was reasonable to think that changes in the characteristics of these systems in Italy in the 1990s would be reflected in a corresponding change in the efforts of legislators and members of the judiciary to tackle corruption. Prior to the 1990s Italy's tripolar party system and its numerous concomitants placed considerable obstacles in the way of the willingness and the ability of judicial investigators and parliamentarians to deal with the corruption emergency. The 1993 electoral law reform, the eventual emergence of a largely bipolar party system and the circumstances surrounding these processes considerably diminished the significance of the aforementioned obstacles, yet there has been little noticeable increase in anti-corruption efforts. This is probably explicable in terms of the electoral effects of such efforts and suggests that institutional change is at most only one of a number of conditions that must be fulfilled in order for more strenuous efforts to be observed.
The 1922 Turin Massacre (Strage di Torino): Working Class Resistance and Conflicts within Fascism
Authors: Sonnessa Antonio 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThis article explores the reasons why Turin's Fascists launched a violent offensive against the local labour movement two months after the Fascist seizure of power. The article demonstrates that the residual resistance of the working class to Fascism was the major reason behind the Turin massacre. However, it also investigates other decisive factors for the violence of December 1922: the conflict between the national Fascist leadership and Turin Fascism and within the Turin fascio itself. The article challenges the interpretation, best exemplified by Renzo De Felice, that the Fascist violence was spontaneous, carried out by undisciplined squadristi without the approval of Mussolini and the Fascist leadership. Rather, it argues that there existed significant levels of planning and a high degree of toleration by the Turinese and national Fascist leaderships and the local authorities. Using Turin as a case study, the article provides a clearer view of the tensions existing within the Fascist movement in the months after the seizure of power. It analyses how Turin Fascism was riddled by factional disputes and how its attempts to gain control of the major political and economic institutions of the city were frustrated by the opposition of the local authorities and industrialists, backed by Mussolini's government. The events of the months preceding and following the strage also afford insights into the conflicts within Fascism over the future role squadrism and violence was to play in the Fascist movement now Mussolini was head of government.
Equivariant derived category of a complete symmetric variety
Authors: Guillermou Stéphane 
Published: October 2005

LetGGbe a complex algebraic semi-simple adjoint group andXXa smooth complete symmetricGG-variety. LetL=⨁αLαL= \bigoplus _\alpha L_\alphabe the direct sum of all irreducibleGG-equivariant intersection cohomology complexes onXX, and letE=ExtDG(X)⋅⁡(L,L)\mathcal E= \operatorname {Ext}^\cdot _{\mathrm {D}_G(X)}(L,L)be the extension algebra ofLL, computed in theGG-equivariant derived category ofXX. We consideredE\mathcal Eas a dg-algebra with differentialdE=0d_\mathcal E =0, and theEα=ExtDG(X)⋅⁡(L,Lα)\mathcal E_\alpha = \operatorname {Ext}^\cdot _{\mathrm {D}_G(X)}(L,L_\alpha )asE\mathcal E-dg-modules. We show that the bounded equivariant derived category of sheaves ofC\mathbf {C}-vector spaces onXXis equivalent toDE⟨Eα⟩\mathrm {D}_\mathcal E\langle \mathcal E_\alpha \rangle, the subcategory of the derived category ofE\mathcal E-dg-modules generated by theEα\mathcal E_\alpha.
A novel strategy to design highly specific PCR primers based on the stability and uniqueness of 3′-end subsequences
Authors: Miura Fumihito , Uematsu Chihiro , Sakaki Yoshiyuki , Ito Takashi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Motivation: In contrast with conventional PCR using a pair of specific primers, some applications utilize a single unique primer in combination with a common primer, thereby relying solely on the former for specificity. These applications include rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), adaptor-tagged competitive PCR (ATAC-PCR), PCR-mediated genome walking and so forth. Since the primers designed by conventional methods often fail to work in these applications, an improved strategy is required, particularly, for a large-scale analysis.
Results: Based on the structure of ‘off-target’ products in the ATAC-PCR, we reasoned that the practical determinant of the specificity of primers may not be the uniqueness of entire sequence but that of the shortest 3′-end subsequence that exceeds a threshold of duplex stability. We termed such a subsequence as a ‘specificity-determining subsequence’ (SDSS) and developed a simple algorithm to predict the performance of the primer: the algorithm identifies the SDSS of each primer and examines its uniqueness in the target genome. The primers designed using this algorithm worked much better than those designed using a conventional method in both ATAC-PCR and 5′-RACE experiments. Thus, the algorithm will be generally useful for improving various PCR-based applications.
Availability: The source code of the program is available upon request from the authors or can be obtained from
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: ito@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp