bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free vascularized fibular graft for treatment of pathological femoral neck fracture and osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A case report with a long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Beris Alexandros E. , Lykissas Marios G. , Payatakes Alexandros , Kontogeorgakos Vasileios A. , Mavrodontidis Alexandros , Korompilias Anastasios V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe present a case of a 34‐year‐old white female patient who, 13 years ago, sustained a pathological intracapsular femoral neck fracture on a pre‐existing aneurysmal bone cyst. Three months later radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation revealed both femoral neck fracture and stage IV osteonecrosis of the femoral head according to Steinberg classification system. Management was accomplished with combined free vascularized fibular grafting and internal osteosynthesis with a 130° blade plate. Union was achieved in 7 months. Progression of osteonecrosis was arrested. Hip salvage and a satisfactory subjective and clinical outcome were achieved. At the last follow‐up, 13 years postoperatively, the patient had satisfactory functional outcome. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Insulin strategies for managing inpatient and outpatient hyperglycemia and diabetes
Authors: Moghissi Etie S. , FACE  
Published: November 2008

AbstractOptimal fasting and postprandial glycemic control are essential to limiting microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes. Recently, stringent control of hyperglycemia in critically ill hospitalized patients with diabetes or acute hyperglycemia has been shown to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. This article reviews effective strategies for insulin initiation, titration, and intensification in inpatient and outpatient settings and discusses current treatment strategies when patients are being transitioned from the intensive care unit to general wards and discharged. The development of insulin analogs and premixed insulin analogs has created new options for treating inpatients and outpatients. The more physiologic time‐action profiles, improved insulin delivery systems, and standardized protocols for subcutaneous insulin administration and intravenous insulin infusion have improved the safety and convenience of insulin therapy. Mt Sinai J Med 75:558–566, © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Diversity in academic medicine no. 2 history of battles lost and won
Authors: Strelnick A. Hal , Lee‐Rey Elizabeth , Nivet Marc , Soto‐Greene Maria L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSpurred by its rapidly changing demographics, the United States is striving to reduce and eliminate racial and ethnic health disparities. To do so, it must overcome the legacy of individual, institutional, and structural racism and resolve conflicts in related political and social ideologies. This has moved the struggle over diversity in the health professions outside the laboratories and ivy‐covered walls of academic medicine into the halls of Congress and chambers of the US Supreme Court. Although equal employment opportunity and affirmative action programs began as legal remedies for distinct histories of legally sanctioned racial and gender discrimination, they also became effective means for increasing the representation of underrepresented minorities in higher education and the health professions. Beginning in the 1970s and continuing today, legal challenges to measures for realizing equal opportunity and leveling the playing field have reached the US Supreme Court and state‐wide ballot initiatives. These historical challenges and successes are the subject of this article. Although the history is not exhaustive, it aims to provide an important context for the struggles of advocates to improve the representation of underrepresented minorities in medicine and reduce racial and ethnic health disparities. Mt Sinai J Med 75:499–503, © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Diversity in academic medicine no. 6 successful programs in minority faculty development: ingredients of success
Authors: Daley Sandra P. , Palermo Ann‐Gel , Nivet Marc , Soto‐Greene Maria L. , Taylor Vera S. , Butts Gary C. , Johnson Jerry , Strelnick A. Hal , Lee‐Rey Elizabeth , Williams Beverly , Dorscher Jocelyn , Lipscomb Wanda D. , McDowell Sherria , Cornbill Ray , Mindt Monica Rivera , Herbert‐Carter Janice , Fry‐Johnson Yvonne W. , Smith Quentin T. , Rust George , Kondwani Kofi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article describes the ingredients of successful programs for the development of minority faculty in academic medicine. Although stung by recent cuts in federal funding, minority faculty development programs now stand as models for medical schools that are eager to join the 140‐year‐old quest for diversity in academic medicine. In this article, the ingredients of these successful faculty development programs are discussed by experts in minority faculty development and illustrated by institutional examples. Included are descriptions of program goals and content, mentoring and coaching, selecting participants, providing a conducive environment, managing the program, and sustaining support. This article is a companion to another article, “Successful Programs in Minority Faculty Development: Overview,” in this issue of the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. Mt Sinai J Med 75:533–551, © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Talon cusp in a deciduous lateral incisor from prehistoric Southeast Asia
Authors: Halcrow S. E. , Tayles N. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a rare case of talon cusp in an infant from prehistoric Southeast Asia and represents the earliest case of talon cusp recorded. In addition to talon cusp, other aspects of its morphology may indicate a possible double tooth. This case is interpreted in the context of clinical and bioarchaeological research on this dental trait. Issues pertaining to the recognition of talon cusp, including clinical terminology used for this anomaly and the accuracy of prevalence data, are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elongated styloid process in late medieval skeletons from Uzdolje‐Grablje, Croatia
Authors: Šikanjić P. Rajić , Vlak D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAnalysis of skeletons from Uzdolje‐Grablje cemetery near Knin, Croatia, reveals three cases of an elongated styloid process. Elongation is a condition of unknown aetiology characterised by a styloid process that exceeds 30 mm. Although the prevalence of this condition has been reported in modern populations, we document for the first time elongated styloid processes in human skeletal material from an archaeological population. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The frequency and distribution of dental caries and tooth wear in a Byzantine population of Sa'ad, Jordan
Authors: Albashaireh Z. S. M. , Al‐Shorman A. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the frequency, distribution and extent of dental caries and tooth wear in a Byzantine population in Sa'ad, to compare these with modern Jordanians, and to draw inferences about their lifestyle. Dental caries and tooth wear were examined in 1159 permanent teeth using direct vision and dental explorer. The location and extent of the lesions were recorded and evaluated according to defined criteria. The overall caries prevalence was 16.8% (n = 1159). Most of the carious lesions (13. 9%,n = 1159) were present in the tooth crown, on occlusal or proximal surfaces; 2.9% of teeth displayed root caries alone. The upper and lower central incisors exhibited the lowest coronal caries frequency, while molars showed the highest frequency. Attrition with moderate dentine exposure was evident in most teeth. Some teeth (9.8%) demonstrated oblique abrasion and 9 (0.78%) teeth exhibited cupped occlusal surfaces. The prevalence of caries was within the range reported for other Byzantine populations and lower than that of modern Jordanians. The attrition seen in most teeth and the cupped occlusal surfaces might be due to eating abrasive food, drinking wine or acidic beverages. Oblique abrasion on the facial and palatal surfaces reflects their business or craft, such as basket making and leather processing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cranioplasty in ancient Peru: a critical review of the evidence, and a unique case from the Cuzco area
Authors: Verano J. W. , Andrushko V. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCranioplasty is a well‐known procedure in modern neurosurgery. Although some authors have claimed it was also performed by prehistoric trepanners in various parts of the world, there is little hard evidence to support this. Here we review various claims of cranioplasty in Peru, where trepanation was widely practised in Prehispanic times. We find little support for assertions that cranioplasty was common. One recently discovered burial from the Cuzco region, however, provides the first documented case of the reinsertion of a bone plug into a trepanation opening. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk stratification based on the clinical factors at diagnosis is closely related to the survival of localized osteosarcoma
Authors: Lee Jun Ah , Kim Min Suk , Kim Dong Ho , Lim Jung Sub , Park Kyung Duk , Song Won Seok , Cho Wan Hyeong , Lee Soo‐Yong , Jeon Dae‐Geun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundSurvival of osteosarcoma patients has reached a plateau with the addition of chemotherapy and in part predicted based on histologic response. Risk‐adapted therapy might be an alternative approach. We aimed to identify risk groups using clinical variables available at time of diagnosis in order to better predict outcomes and form the basis for risk‐adapted therapy.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 288 patients with high‐grade osteosarcoma of their extremities. Clinicopathologic variables were analyzed to identify factors relevant to risk stratification.ResultsA risk assessment system was developed using age, maximal tumor length (MTL) and tumor location. Index scores were based on the sum total of factor scores, for each of the following: Age (years); “1” for ≥40 or 12–14 (female) or 13–15 (male), “0” for other ages; MTL (cm); “2” for ≥8, “1” for 6–8, “0” for ≤6; Tumor location; “1” for humerus, “0” for elsewhere. Index score 0 or 1 was assigned as low‐risk, 2 as intermediate‐risk, and 3 or 4 as high‐risk. Of the 288 patients, 98 (34.0%) were designated as low‐risk, 128 (44.4%) as intermediate‐risk and 62 (21.6%) as high‐risk. Risk group was related to histologic response and survival. While 63.3% of low‐risk patients were good responders, only 43.0% and 33.9% of intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients were good responders. Ten‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 81.6 ± 3.9% for low‐risk group, but 31.6 ± 6.0% for high‐risk group.ConclusionWe defined three risk groups that could be used as basis of risk‐adapted therapy for osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:340–345. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric oncologists and evidence‐based medicine: A postal survey in The Netherlands
Authors: ten Bruggencate M.J.M. , Kremer L.C.M. , Caron H.N. , Knops A.M. , van Dalen E.C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe interest in evidence‐based medicine (EBM) is still increasing throughout medicine, but the precise role of EBM in the field of pediatric oncology remains unclear. We undertook this survey to evaluate the attitude of Dutch pediatric oncologists and pediatric oncologists in training towards EBM and their views on how to move from opinion‐based medicine to EBM.ProcedureA questionnaire was sent to all pediatric oncologists (n = 44) and pediatric oncologists in training (n = 13) of the 8 university medical centers in the Netherlands.ResultsThe questionnaire was returned by 71% of the pediatric oncologists and pediatric oncologists in training. The majority had a positive attitude towards EBM, but at the moment only approximately 50% of their clinical practice was thought to be evidence‐based. The most important barrier to practicing EBM in pediatric oncology was a lack of time. However, only a minority of the respondents thought that more time was an appropriate method to facilitate the use of EBM in pediatric oncology. The majority of pediatric oncologists and pediatric oncologists in training would prefer to be able to use EBM summaries, guidelines and protocols.ConclusionsDespite the positive attitude of the majority of pediatric oncologists and pediatric oncologists in training towards EBM, only half of clinical practice is currently believed to be evidence‐based. By using EBM summaries, guidelines and protocols as time‐saving methods the use of EBM in pediatric oncology practice may be improved. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:231–236. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive factors of invasion in eyes with retinoblastoma enucleated after eye salvage treatments
Authors: Balaguer Julia , Wilson Matthew W. , Billups Catherine A. , Mancini John , Haik Barrett G. , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Khoury Joseph D. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of chemotherapy, focal therapies, radiation and co‐existing ocular morbidities on histology of eyes with retinoblastoma enucleated following chemoreduction is not well known.ProcedureTwenty‐five eyes (23 patients) with retinoblastoma enucleated after failing eye‐salvage therapy were evaluated. Reasons for enucleation (tumor progression, subretinal or vitreous seeds) and co‐morbid conditions (neovascular glaucoma, cataract, vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment) were documented. All specimens were reviewed for evidence of ciliary body, choroidal, optic nerve, and scleral invasion.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 14 months (range, 1–37 months). Twenty eyes were classified as Reese‐Ellsworth Group IV–V at diagnosis. Twenty‐four eyes had recurrent disease at enucleation; one eye was enucleated for neovascular glaucoma and vitreous hemorrhage. Co‐existing ocular morbidities at enucleation included vitreous hemorrhage (n = 6), retinal detachment (n = 9), neovascular glaucoma (n = 9) and cataracts (n = 3). Histologic findings included choroidal invasion (n = 7), ciliary body invasion (n = 4), optic nerve invasion (n = 6) and scleral invasion (n = 3). The median time from diagnosis to enucleation was 11 months. Co‐existing retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage significantly increased the likelihood of optic nerve invasion (P = 0.014 and P = 0.011, respectively). Prolonged time to enucleation was significantly associated with the likelihood of choroidal (P = 0.010) and ciliary body (P = 0.021) invasion as well as invasion of multiple sites.ConclusionIn eyes with retinoblastoma enucleated after chemoreduction, co‐existing ocular morbidities and time to enucleation are predictive of extra‐retinal extension. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:351–356. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rheological investigations on the flow behavior of polymer‐microsized iron powder composites
Authors: Hanemann T. , Honnef K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWith respect to the fabrication of metal parts carrying surface relief microstructures using composite reaction molding as a rapid prototyping variant of micrometal injection molding, the influence of microsized iron powder on the viscosity of different unsaturated polyester resins applied as polymer binder has been investigated systematically. The initial binder viscosity determines the viscosity of the composite and hence the accessible critical filler load. A further dilution of the unsaturated polyester resin with styrene allows a significant increase of the filler load at constant shear rate and temperature from 36 up to 57 vol% iron content. A successful estimation of the critical filler load using different established empirical models initially developed for ceramic‐filled solutions or dispersions is possible. A pronounced flow activation energy increase at high iron loads was also observed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of fiber content and type, compatibilizer, and heating rate on thermogravimetric properties of natural fiber high density polyethylene composites
Authors: Tajvidi Mehdi , Takemura Akio 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNatural fiber polyethylene composites containing kenaf fibers, wood flour, newsprint, and rice hulls at 25 and 50% (by weight) fiber content were sampled and studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of fiber type and content, compatibilizer and heating rate on the thermal stability and degradation of the composites were evaluated. Among different natural fibers, kenef fibers were found to be the least thermally stable ones whereas newsprint fibers proved to be the most stable fibers in composite formulations. Composites containing higher amounts of natural fiber degraded at a higher rate and exhibited higher weight loss. The presence of the compatibilizer resulted in composites with slower thermal degradation. Heating rate increased both temperature and rate of main degradation peaks. FTIR and DSC results are also presented to discuss phenomena leading to thermal degradation. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Effect of phosphorus diffusion to the recombination at the Si–SiO2 interface
Authors: Jin H. , Weber K. J. , Zhang C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMeasurements of the excess carrier lifetime of diffused and undiffused, thermally oxidized silicon samples are used to show that the presence of a phosphorus diffusion results in a modification of the interface defect properties, resulting in significantly higher surface recombination velocity compared to undiffused samples. In addition, for undiffused samples, positive and negative charges are demonstrated to be equally effective at passivating the silicon surface. Both results hold for (100) and (111) oriented samples, as well as for samples subjected to various post‐oxidation treatments. The results may have practical implications particularly for the design of rear contacted solar cells. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of perceived stage of cancer on carers' anxiety and depression during the patients' final year of life
Authors: Burridge Letitia H. , Barnett Adrian G. , Clavarino Alexandra M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjective: This paper explores the effects of perceived stage of cancer (PSOC) on carers' anxiety and depression during the patients' final year.Methods: A consecutive sample of patients and carers (N=98) were surveyed at regular intervals regarding PSOC, and anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Means were compared by gender using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. The chi‐square was used to analyse categorical data. Agreement between carers' and patients' PSOC was estimated using kappa statistics. Correlations between carers' PSOC and their anxiety and depression were calculated using the Spearman's rank correlation.Results: Over time, an increasing proportion of carers reported that the cancer was advanced, culminating at 43% near death. Agreement regarding PSOC was fair (kappa=0.29–0.34) until near death (kappa=0.21). Carers' anxiety increased over the year; depression increased in the final 6 months. Females were more anxious (p=0.049, 6 months; p=0.009, 3 months) than males, and more depressed until 1 month to death. The proportion of carers reporting moderate–severe anxiety almost doubled over the year to 27%, with more females in this category at 6 months (p=0.05). Carers with moderate–severe depression increased from 6 to 15% over the year. Increased PSOC was weakly correlated with increased anxiety and depression.Conclusions: Carers' anxiety exceeded depression in severity during advanced cancer. Females generally experienced greater anxiety and depression. Carers were more realistic than patients regarding the ultimate outcome, which was reflected in their declining mental health, particularly near the end. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of priming and pre‐existing knowledge of chemotherapy‐associated cognitive complaints on the reporting of such complaints in breast cancer patients
Authors: Schagen Sanne B. , Das Enny , van Dam Frits S.A.M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjective: Many cancer patients report cognitive changes following chemotherapy. In social psychology, there is ample evidence that psychological and physical complaints can increase with increased accessibility of relevant schemata. The accessibility of related concepts in memory may be facilitated through priming or by pre‐existing knowledge, resulting in an increase of reported complaints. We examined whether pre‐existing knowledge of chemotherapy‐associated cognitive problems and priming the ‘chemo‐brain’ schema increase the reporting of cognitive complaints.Methods: Two hundred and sixty‐one breast cancer patients were interviewed about cognitive problems and other cancer‐related symptoms. Preceding the interview, half of the patients were primed with an introduction letter to the study in which the occurrence of cognitive complaints and its relation with chemotherapy was explicated. The remaining patients received a neutral letter that did not mention this relationship.Results: Patients with pre‐existing knowledge about chemotherapy‐associated cognitive problems reported more cognitive complaints (M=3.04) than patients without this knowledge (M=2.21; p<0.001). The priming letter increased the reporting of cognitive complaints only for patients without a history of chemotherapy (p<0.05). All effects were independent of negative affect, age and education level.Conclusion: Our study shows that facilitating the accessibility of concepts related to chemotherapy‐associated cognitive complaints directly increases the reporting of such complaints, in particular in patients without firsthand chemotherapy experience. This increase in prevalence of cognitive complaints following a chronically or temporarily accessible ‘chemo‐brain’ schema has relevant implications for clinical practice and for scientific research in this area. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial interventions for adolescent cancer patients: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Seitz Diana C. M. , Besier Tanja , Goldbeck Lutz 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjective: Both cancer diagnosis and the consequent treatment are particularly challenging for adolescent patients. Adjuvant psychological interventions to reduce cancer‐related distress are therefore a fundamental part of a multidisciplinary treatment. Assuming that psycho‐oncology has to consider developmentally specific aspects, this review summarizes empirical studies of the efficacy and effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for adolescent cancer patients.Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in four databases. Studies were included only if they were exclusively designed for adolescent cancer patients and incorporated a defined outcome measure to evaluate the effects of the implemented intervention.Results: Only four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. One of those studies reported a significant improvement compared with a waitlist control group. The relevant gains were found in the overall level of distress, as well as in additional outcome variables such as knowledge of sexual issues, body image and anxiety about psychosexual issues. The remaining studies revealed no significant changes related to psychological distress and psychosocial functioning.Conclusion: Taken together, the findings point out that there is a lack of intervention research in psycho‐oncology with adolescents. So far, there is only limited evidence for the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to improve coping with cancer‐associated problems in adolescent patients. Future research needs to be done in this population. In order to establish more conclusive results, larger samples and interventions particularly designed for adolescent patients ought to be studied. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.