bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching microsurgery to gynecologists
Authors: Phillips Jordan M. , Winchester William J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe gynecologist must master microsurgical techniques in the laboratory prior to engaging in clinical microsurgical work. This article describes an introductory microsurgical workshop program that is sponsored by the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists in cooperation with the University of California at Irvine. The program encompasses films and lectures as well as laboratory experience that progresses from inanimate objects to small animals to fresh‐frozen human fallopian tubes. The goals, preliminary arrangements, and curriculum of the workshop are explained, and guidelines are offered for optimal workshop experience. The workshop can serve as a model for hospitals or educational institutions planning to create a microsurgical laboratory and for the physician who wishes to establish a small personal laboratory area.
Experiences in microsurgery in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Chang Ti‐sheng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 1963, the successful replantation of an upper extremity amputated at the forearm provided the impetus for great interest in this surgical procedure in the People's Republic of China. In the 16 years since that time, much progress has been made, especially after the introduction of microsurgical techniques. Prior to 1973, replantation of digits was performed 443 times under the naked eye, with a digit survival rate of 51%. Since 1973, 92 replantations have been done under the microscope, with a digit survival rate of 91%. Experience is also recorded for free abdominal skin grafts, toe transplants for thumb and finger reconstruction, free dorsalis pedis flaps, free vascularized fibular transplants, free muscle transplants, jejunal transplants for esophageal defects, combined free grafts of the omentum and skin for repair of scalp, cranial, and extremity defects, and extracranial‐intracranial blood flow diversion.
Pars plana transvitreal carbon dioxide laser photocautery: A new surgical technique
Authors: Miller James B. , Smith Michael R. , Boyer David S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntraocular carbon dioxide laser photocautery has been used experimentally as well as clinically to surround and seal retinal tears and to treat fibrovascular fronds and blood vessels at the time of vitrectomy. All biologic tissue will absorb the 10.6‐μm infrared wavelength; thus the tissue does not have to be pigmented in order to absorb infrared energy. This technique involves no electrical hazard to the patient or surgeon. We have followed patients treated with the carbon dioxide laser, and they have retained improved vision for over 18 months. lntraocular carbon dioxide laser photocautery appears to be a safe, reliable, and effective means of performing intraocular photocautery at the time of vitrectomy.
Microvascular surgery in plastic surgery: Free‐tissue transfer
Authors: Harii Kiyonori 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProgress in microvascular surgery has made possible important advances in reimplantation and transplantation. The author briefly reviews the success of early pioneers of these procedures and discusses the surgical equipment required and the techniques that he uses for microvascular anastomoses. A discussion of the clinical applications of free skin flap transfers, free transfer of omentum and muscle, toeto‐ hand transplantation, and vascularized bone grafts, with brief case reports from the author's experience, is included.
Free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps in the dynamic reconstruction of cheek defects: A preliminary report
Authors: Maruyama Yu , Nakajima Hideo , Fossati Enrique , Fujino Toyomi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the past, reconstruction of defects after cheek resection for such lesions as cancer or hemangioma was performed primarily by using local components. Two cases are reported in which free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps with neurovascular microanastomoses were used to reconstruct cheek defects. Early follow‐up has shown that the results are satisfactory.
The creation of a scalp A‐V fistula followed by an STA‐MCA vein graft bypass: A case report
Authors: Feild James Rodney , Lee Ling 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA thirty‐two‐year‐old male developed multiple neurologic symptoms. Medical evaluation disclosed hypertension, obesity, and a type IV hyperlipoprotein electrophoresis. A nuclear cerebral arteriogram showed reduced flow in the right middle cerebral artery. Arteriographic examination revealed an occlusion at the origin of this artery. The ipsilateral superficial temporal artery was too small to be used in an EC‐IC bypass procedure. To correct these conditions, a two‐stage procedure was performed. First, an arteriovenous fistula was created between the superficial temporal artery and its accompanying vein. Second, four and onehalf months later, the temporal vein, which had by then enlarged, was resected and grafted from the proximal superficial temporal artery to the right angular artery. Angiography three months after the latter procedure showed that the anastomosis was patent.
Brain tissue pO2 and pCO2 levels before and after cerebral revascularization
Authors: Shields Christopher B. , Roberts Esther , Numoto Mitsuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMicrovascular surgical techniques have made possible the improvement of cerebral blood flow, as demonstrated by angiography and by regional cerebral blood flow research. In this study, simultaneous mass spectrometer determinations of brain tissue and blood PO2, and pCO2, levels were used to evaluate the effectiveness of common carotid‐supraclinoid carotid anastomoses (CC‐SCA) in dogs. With blood pCO2 maintained at a constant level, the baseline brain tissue pO2 and pCO2 levels were recorded. During the CC‐SCA procedure, which involved brain retraction and temporary vascular occlusion, brain tissue pO2 levels fell to 40% of baseline and pCO2 levels rose by 35%. Following restoration of flow via the anastomosis, the brain tissue pO2 and pCO2 levels agina reached baseline.
Pituitary microadenomas in children: A cause of growth failure
Authors: Maira G. , Di Rocco C. , Borrelli P. , Belloni G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSix children, originally regarded as being affected by prepubertal idiopathic growth failure, were found to have pituitary microadenomas. In all six patients, the growth failure (⩽ 2 cm/yr) was the primary clinical sign, and was accompanied by a growth hormone deficiency that was discovered during the laboratory evaluation. Prominent alteration of the sella turcica was not demonstrated in the skull x‐ray examinations of any of the children, even when the x‐ray examinations were supplemented by hypocycloidal tomography. CT scanning proved to be a very useful integrating diagnostic procedure, revealing the adenoma to be a nodular area of increased density within the sella turcica. In all of the children, resumption of normal growth was obtained following the surgical removal of the tumor through a transsphenoidal approach.
The effect of portacaval shunt on hyperlipidemia in rats
Authors: Numata Minoru , Sutherland David E. R. , Hayashi Shiro , Najarian John S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHyperlipidemia was induced in rats by feeding them cheese mixed with high levels of cholesterol. Triglyceride levels more than doubled from 70.4 ± 25.8 mg/dl before the diet to 160.1 ± 50.5 mg/dl three weeks after initiation of the diet, and cholesterol levels were increased by approximately 25% from 72.5 ± 8.1 mg/dl to 98.9 ± 18.5 mg/dl after three weeks of the diet. The effects of microsurgically created side‐to‐side and end‐to‐side portacaval shunts were then studied. Triglyceride levels were lowered to normal after either type of shunt (68.4 ± 19.2 mg/dl in the side‐to‐side group and 58.1 ± 25.7 mg/dl in the end‐to‐side group) by four weeks after the creation of the shunt. Cholesterol levels tended to be slightly lower after either type of portacaval shunt, but did not return to normal. The mechanism by which the portacaval shunt reduced elevated triglyceride levels and, to a lesser extent, cholesterol levels is not clear, but hyperlipidemia induced by a high cholesterol diet in rats should be a useful model for further study of this question.
Microsurgical treatment of ten arteriovenous malformations in critical areas of the cerebrum
Authors: Da Pian Renato , Pasqualin Alberto , Scienza Renato , Vivenza Carlo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTen cases of arteriovenous malformations located in critical areas of the cerebrum, i.e., motor and speech areas, the insular cortex, the corpus callosum, and the basal ganglia, were treated surgically by radical removal of the lesion. In four of the cases a neurologic examination before surgery was negative; five cases exhibited only mild hemiparesis or dysphasia; only one case exhibited hemiplegia and stupor. There were no postoperative deaths and a residual permanent deficit was noted in only one patient. Postoperative control angiograms failed to show any filling of the arteriovenous malformations in any of the cases. Recovery of the ability to work was achieved in all of the patients. The operating microscope and controlled hypotension made possible a precise resection at the edges of the lesion, and damage to surrounding important cerebral structures was thus avoided. Based on these results, microsurgery should be considered as an elective therapy for these kinds of arteriovenous malformations, even when preoperative symptoms are minimal.
Local cerebral blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rabbits following transposition of omentum to the brain
Authors: De Riu P. L. , Falzoi A. , Papavero L. , Rocca A. , Viale G. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTransposition of pedicled omental grafts to the brain has been shown to minimize the effects of cerebral infarction in dogs and monkeys. An experimental study in which pedicled omental grafts and free non‐revascularized omental grafts were placed on the brains of rabbits is reported. With the use of a modified inhaled hydrogen clearance technique to measure blood flow in the brain tissue, it was determined that the pedicled omental graft minimized the effects of middle cerebral artery occlusion by maintaining a collateral blood supply and limiting the decline of local cerebral flow. Superposition of free omental grafts on the brain had no effect on the threshold for infarction.
An improved microsurgical clamp and stay suture retractor for use in vascular surgery in rats
Authors: Lee Sun , Jay David , Orloff Marshall J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMicrosurgical procedures require the use of a variety of expensive precision instruments. This expense can be a problem for surgeons working in surgical research laboratories. To help combat rising expenses in our laboratory, we developed a new microsurgical vascular clamp and a new stay suture retractor for use in experimental surgery in rats. These instruments are inexpensive, can be manufactured in any medical machine shop, and have proved to be efficient and effective in surgical procedures.
New trends in carbon dioxide laser microsurgery
Authors: Smith Michael R. , Miller James B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe carbon dioxide laser has been used for cutting and cauterizing tissue in a variety of surgical procedures by means of a dry‐field air/tissue interface approach. Recently, a new wet‐field CO2 laser technique has been developed and is being used successfully in humans to seal intraocular fibrovascular fronds and retinal tears at the time of vitrectomy, to close rubeotic vessels in the iris, and to excise fibrovascular fronds and epiretinal membranes in cases of severe diabetic retinopathy. Specialized wetfield CO2 laser photosurgical probes for use in gynecologic microsurgery have been developed and are being studied experimentally. Other potential applications include otolaryngologic microsurgery, neurosurgery, and gastrointestinal and urologic wet‐field surgery.
Microsurgery in andrologic urology I. Refertilization
Authors: Wagenknecht L. V. , Klosterhalfen H. , Schirren C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEpididymovasostomies and vasovasostomies were used to treat infertility in aseries of 465 men from 1964 to the present. Of the cases availablefor follow‐up, duct patency was demonstrated in 42% receiving epididymovasostomies and in 77% receiving vasovasostomies. The specific techniques and the reasons for failures are also discussed.
A technical modification of heart‐lung transplantation in rats
Authors: Fox Umberto , Montorsi Marco 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHemodynamic studies were carried out on a series of rats undergoing heart‐lung transplantation according to the technique of Sun Lee. The results suggested a new hypothesis of blood circulation in the heart‐lung block by demonstrating the lack of necessity for the venovenous anastomosis. A new technique, with just one aortoaortic anastomosis, was therefore evaluated. Its value and reliability in a series of 30 rats are discussed.
Histopathologic findings in a human arterial anastomosis after free flap transfer
Authors: Karl Peter , Tilgner Anneliese , Heiner Harry 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring the removal of subcutaneous fat 4 months after free groin flap transfer in a 25‐yearold male, the anastomosed artery was also removed for histologic examination. The removal of the artery did not impair flap viability. The considerable narrowing of the arterial lumen caused by extensive hyperplasia of the intima suggested a restriction of arterial function. In addition, the internal elastic membrane had disappeared or was partially intact, doubled, and fragmented. Where sutures were tight, necrosis of the media was found, with heavy scar formation. If the sutures were loose, the media remained intact. The tissue of the flap artery was more heavily altered than the tissue of the recipient artery. This was evidently the result of trauma incurred during preparation of the flap vessels. Functional restriction of the anastomosed artery and secondary flap revascularization apparently occurred in a temporally favorable relationship in this case.
Revascularization of isolated extracorporeal canine eyes by direct microsurgical anastomosis
Authors: Sher Herman , Cohen Ronald J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMicrosurgical techniques were used to anastomose the femoral artery and vein of anesthetized rats to the ciliary artery and internal ophthalmic vein of isolated extracorporeal canine eyes. Microscopic inspection and fluorescein angiography appeared to show early patency of the anastomoses. The applications of such an experimental model are discussed.
Microsurgery in andrologic urology. II. Alloplastic spermatocele
Authors: Wagenknecht L. V. , Weitze K. H. , Hoppe L. P. , Krause D. , Becker H. , Schirren C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental studies in rats and bulls demonstrated the feasibility of using a silicone‐Dacron prosthesis as a sperm reservoir in cases of excretory azoospermia. In the study in bulls, 50% of the cows inseminated with spermatozoa aspirated from the alloplastic spermatocele conceived and delivered healthy calves. The clinical results of a series of 14 humans suffering from excretory azoospermia not treatable by other means (e.g., epididymovasostomy or vasovasostomy) also are presented. The aspirations from these spermatoceles produced motile spermatozoa; however, none of the patients' spouses conceived after insemination.
Spontaneous cervical epidural hemorrhage, anterior cord syndrome, and familial vascular malformations: Case report
Authors: Foo Dominic , Chang Young C. , Rossier Alain B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractComplete motor tetraplegia with incomplete sensory loss was caused by spontaneous epidural bleeding from an arteriovenous malformation in the cervical region. There was a family and personal history of cutaneous hemangioma.
A new clamp for end‐to‐side microvascular anastomosis
Authors: Baek Se‐Min , Jacobson Julyus H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new clamp for use in microvascular end‐to‐side anastomosis is described. The advantages of the clamp are that the end of the donor vessel is placed precisely over the opening of the recipient vessel without tension, good exposure of the posterior wall is provided, and the tension on the stay sutures is easily adjusted.
Microvascular anastomoses: A comparison of the end‐to‐end and the telescoped techniques in rats
Authors: Krag Christen , Holck Susanne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe end‐to‐end anastomotic technique and the telescoped anastomotic technique were compared in a paired experimental study of 200 primarily patent anastomoses in the femoral arteries and veins of rats. It was found that the arterial telescoped anastomosis was faster and simpler to perform and had a significantly lower frequency of late thrombotic deposition (13%) than the arterial end‐to‐end anastomosis (41%), although the patency rates at 1 week were equal (88%). Aneurysms at the site of the anastomosis were not observed in the arterial telescoped anastomoses, while initial stages of probable aneurysms were observed in 24% of the arterial end‐to‐end anastomoses. The venous telescoped anastomoses were also less timeconsuming and simpler to construct. Although equal patency rates at 1 week were obtained (84%–88%), the venous telescoped anastomoses displayed a significantly more pronounced incidence of thrombotic deposition at the site of the anastomosis.
Microvascular anastomosis with absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures—A comparative study in rats
Authors: Mii Yoshio , Tamai Susumu , Hori Yoshihide , Shimizu Toyonobu , Fukui Akihiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolyglycolic acid, polypropylene, and nylon sutures were used to anastomose the aortas of 40 rats. Comparative studies of the healing process at the suture sites were performed. The long‐term observations, by means of light and scanning electron microscopy, revealed that the regeneration of endothelium was more rapid and the endothelium had a smoother surface in the aortas that received the polyglycolic acid sutures than in the aortas receiving polypropylene or nylon sutures because the polyglycolic acid sutures were absorbed after 6 weeks. It was concluded that polyglycolic acid suture material may be more desirable than nonabsorbable suture material in microvascular anastomoses.
Urologic microsurgery—Current perspectives: II. Orchiopexy and testicular homotransplantation
Authors: Belker Arnold M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReports of microsurgical testicular autotransplantation as a method of dealing with the high undescended testis have prompted this review. Results with various methods are compared. The increasing success being reported with division of the internal spermatic vessels (when certain principles as enumerated herein are followed) leads to the conclusion that the more technically complex method of microsurgical testicular autotransplantation will not come into general use. The opportunities for testicular homotransplantation are rare, and no definitive conclusions can be made concerning this rarely reported procedure.
Reconstruction of esophageal defects with microsurgically revascularized jejunal segments: A report of 13 cases
Authors: Ti‐Sheng Chang , Oi‐Ling Hwang , Wang‐Wei  
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental free transfer of a jejunal segment to a recipient bed in the neck was successfully performed in 5 mongrel dogs. This was followed by clinical application of 2 different microvascular procedures in 13 patients for repair of esophageal defects. In 7 of these patients a free jejunal transfer was used; in 6 of these patients a pedicled jejunal graft with revascularization of its distal end by microvascular anastomosis was used. The esophageal defects were located in the cervical portion in 7 cases, the cervicothoracic portion in 5 cases, and the thoracic portion in 1 case. Ten (77%) of the 13 procedures were successful.
The effects of short‐term preservation on microvascular free groin flaps in rats
Authors: Ballantyne Donald L. , Reid Carolyn A. , Harper Alice D. , Shaw William W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFree groin flaps taken from rats were preserved by refrigeration at 4°C in either lactated Ringers solution or tissue culture medium for various periods of time. The results indicate that a high survival rate can be expected at periods up to 72 hours, but there was no success in preserving flaps longer than 72 hours. These preliminary experimental findings suggest that, clinically, a high survival rate can be achieved in free flaps following excision from donor sites even if the microvascular transfer must be postponed for a period up to but not exceeding 48 hours.
End‐to‐side anastomoses: A model and a technique with clinical application
Authors: Hall Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecently, the advantages of end‐to‐side anastomoses in reconstructive microvascular surgery have been emphasized. This article describes a practical laboratory model for practicing end‐to‐side anastomoses and a simplified technique for suturing the posterior wall in such anastomoses. The left common iliac artery of a rat is transected and an end‐to‐side anastomosis with the right common iliac artery is performed. A single clamp is manipulated to present the posterior wall for suturing.
Blood flow in small arteries after end‐to‐end and end‐in‐end anastomoses: An experimental quantitative comparison
Authors: Wieslander Jan B. , Åberg Magnus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMicrovascular anastomoses were performed under standardized conditions on the central artery of the ear in 23 rabbits. Fifteen end‐to‐end and 13 end‐in‐end anastomoses were compared. No anticoagulants or vasodilating agents, other than the local application of lidocaine, were used. Blood flow was measured by electromagnetic flowmetry before anastomosis and after anastomosis at intervals of 30 minutes for 4 hours and at 1 and 3 days. The validity of the electromagnetic flowmetry method was established in a control group of 7 rabbits. The mean volume of blood flow after end‐to‐end anastomosis was 93% of the preoperative value (P < 0.05). The corresponding mean volume of blood flow after end‐in‐end anastomosis was 47% of the preoperative value (P > 0.001). The difference in flow between end‐to‐end and end‐in‐end anastomosis was highly significant (P < 0.001). Microangiography demonstrated marked stenosis in the end‐in‐end anastomoses but not in the end‐to‐end anastomoses.
Vasography in rats
Authors: Lamesch Alfred J. , Schreiner Bernard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVasovasostomy was performed in 20 rats. Vasography then was used to determine the patency of the vas. The scrotum was entered through a longitudinal incision and the scrotal contents were extruded extravaginally. The vas was divided near the epididymis and a 0.4/0.7‐mm cannula was inserted into the abdominal end of the vas and contrast medium was injected under fluoroscopic control. The results were documented by radiography. It is concluded that vasography is a reliable method for assessing the success of vasovasostomy in rats.
The microvascular technique of vein grafting in rats as a training and experimental model
Authors: Razaboni R. M. , Ballantyne Donald L. , Harper Alice D. , Shaw William W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTechniques for obtaining and implanting vein grafts in the femoral arteries of rats are described. Grafts 5 mm in length can be removed from the femoral vein without ligating any side branches; a 15‐mm segment is the maximum graft that can be obtained from the femoral vein in a rat. This requires ligation and division of all the branches between the inguinal ligament and the great saphenous vein. The superficial epigastric vein also can be used as a source of grafts to be used in the femoral artery. In this study, neither the femoral nor the superficial epigastric vein appeared to have functioning valves. Therefore, reversing the vein graft before implantation was not necessary.