bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical analysis of the relationship between adult attention deficit and efficacy for working in teams
Authors: Coetzer Graeme H. , Richmond Lynn 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between adult attention deficit and efficacy for working in teams.Design/methodology/approachA total of 181 management students working in short term project teams (13 weeks) completed established assessments of efficacy for working in teams and a multi‐dimensional measure of adult attention deficit. The hypotheses were tested using product moment correlations and multiple regression.FindingsMultiple regression provided support for the general hypothesis that adult attention deficit predicts lower efficacy for working in teams (F(5, 176) = 7.31,p=0.00). All dimensions of adult attention deficit were significantly correlated with efficacy for teamwork (r= −0.20 to −0.41), and the hypothesis that difficulty managing emotional interference uniquely predicts efficacy for teamwork was supported (β:p=0.000).Research limitations/implicationsFuture research needs to include a variety of workplace teams.Practical implicationsThe strength of the results suggests that organizations implementing work teams need to be more aware of the effect of adult attention deficit on team member confidence and ability. Organizational development practices need to include interventions that assist the members with adult attention deficit.Originality/valueThis research helps to raise awareness of the relationship between adult attention deficit and key organizational behaviors. This research is of value to researchers, managers, organizational development specialists and employees who are trying to develop effective ways of supporting employees who are struggling with adult attention deficit.
Police detectives' perceptions of giving evidence in court
Authors: Kebbell Mark R. , O'Kelly Caitriona M.E. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to review common methods used by English lawyers when questioning police witnesses, and to identify training issues for preparing officers for giving evidence in court.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was administered to 48 police detectives concerning the last time they gave evidence in court, the types of questions they were asked during cross‐examination, lawyers' tactics, and what they believed to be personal attacks.FindingsThe findings indicated that detectives perceived they were questioned in a consistent manner, and asked questions that they felt at times were difficult to understand, difficult to answer, upsetting, and distorted their evidence. Nevertheless, they were generally satisfied with their experiences in court.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study in this paper uses self‐report methodology that may be less objective than independent observation. A potentially fruitful avenue of research might be the study of court cases where police officers give evidence to measure the influence of lawyers' questions directly.Practical implicationsThe results indicate a number of training issues for preparing police officers to give evidence in court. Officers should be trained to deal with confusing or constraining questioning, and to thoroughly prepare. Officers should also be trained concerning how to deal with inconsistencies in evidence, mistakes, and having their character attacked.Originality/valueThis is the first survey, to the authors' knowledge, of police officers' experiences of giving evidence in court and suggests some ways of improving the overall accuracy of police witnesses' accounts in court.
The structure of informal communication between police agencies
Authors: Roberts Aki , Roberts John M. 
Published: March 2007

PurposePolice agency networks are likely to be important for the adoption of policing innovations and the visibility of demonstration projects. This study of police network data has four main goals: to use multivariate models for the influence of agency characteristics on the sort of agency it contacted; to investigate the extent of symmetry of ties in the police network; to examine models for the specific departments chosen as agencies' network contacts; and to identify, through network data, agencies as “relative experts” in several different policing domains.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses Weiss agency survey data to conduct a variety of analyses of agencies' choices of informal communication partners.FindingsThe analysis showed regularities in agencies' choices of contacts. Whether a contact was of the same type or from the same state as the respondent was influenced by the respondent's population and type. There was some evidence of size‐based asymmetry in contacts. The choice of a particular contact was influenced by agency type, population and geographic distance. There appeared to be “relative experts” in specific policing domains.Originality/valueThe results increase understanding of the structure of the agency network. By describing the nature of communication ties on planning issues, the results give essential background for any efforts to encourage the diffusion of policing innovations (or successful practices) by inducing ties between particular agencies. Results can also help predict the potential visibility of demonstration projects if placed in particular agencies.
Areal policing and public perceptions in a non‐urban setting: one size fits one
Authors: Crank John P. , Giacomazzi Andrew L. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeA neighborhood‐based notion of the distribution of policing services is a hallmark of community policing philosophy. The purpose of this research is to focus on two policy issues: are there significant differences in important policing issues among the different communities, and what factors within the Sheriff's control might account for these differences?Design/methodology/approachIn 2002, the Ada County Sheriff's Office (ACSO), servicing the area around Boise, Idaho, carried out a survey of citizens stratified across four areas: two contract communities, one non‐contract community, and the unincorporated remainder of the county.FindingsThe survey found significant variation in perceptions of crime and disorder, in perceptions of safety, in social cohesion, and in attitudes toward deputies and to the sheriffs office. Findings suggested the importance of local policy through the tailoring of services to local needs. However, some community factors appeared to provide limits on the extent to which the police could respond to dissatisfaction with their services, regardless of adaptive strategy.Originality/valueOnly limited empirical research has studied neighborhood variation in citizens' perceptions of differences pertinent to policing services, and virtually no such research has been carried out outside urban areas. This research fills this gap.
The threat of mission distortion in police‐probation partnerships
Authors: Murphy David , Worrall John L. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeThe growth of formal police‐probation partnerships in the USA has been accompanied by an increased awareness of the potential threats of mission distortion. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of mission distributionDesign/methodology/approachThe paper is based on interviews with police and community corrections officers involved in an active partnership in Spokane, Washington. The paper emphasizes the abuse of authority, stalking horse incidents, and the scope of legitimate police and probation authority.FindingsUltimately, mission distortion has the potential to undermine the credibility of police‐probation partnerships.Originality/valueThe paper offers training and policy recommendations for police and community corrections administrators.
Treatment of idiopathic prurigo nodularis in Taiwanese patients with low‐dose thalidomide
Authors: LAN Cheng‐Che E. , LIN Chi‐Ling , WU Ching‐Shuang , CHAI Chee‐Yin , CHEN Wan‐Tzu , CHEN Gwo‐Shing 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTPrurigo nodularis is an intensely pruritic dermatosis characterized by lichenified and excoriated papules and nodules. The course of prurigo nodularis is often chronic, and some patients respond very poorly to the standard therapeutic modalities. Because the pathogenesis of this disease remains obscure, the treatment of prurigo nodularis can be disappointing and frustrating for both the patients and physicians. Thalidomide, a tumor necrosis factor‐alpha antagonist, has been suggested as an alternative treatment option for recalcitrant prurigo nodularis. In the past, the regimen for treatment of prurigo nodularis often required thalidomide at 200 mg/day. We recruited patients with intractable prurigo nodularis and treated them with low‐dose thalidomide. Six patients with idiopathic prurigo nodularis were successfully treated with low‐dose thalidomide (50–100 mg/day) without clinical development of peripheral neuropathy. In summary, our preliminary results suggest that low‐dose thalidomide may be a safe and effective treatment option for patients with recalcitrant idiopathic prurigo nodularis.
Cancer patients’ distresses and inquiries: proposal of four‐level classification based on consultation service and questionnaire survey
Authors: Yamaguchi Ken , Ishikawa Mutsumi , Takada Yuka , Hamazaki Ryo , Hamada Yuka , Fukuchi Tomoha , Muramatsu Harumi , Ito Hajime , Iwase Tomohisa , Kitamura Yuko , Abe Yumiko , Hirose Yayoi , Horiuchi Tomoko 
Published: March 2007

The present study was undertaken to understand the realities of cancer patients’ and their family members’ distresses and inquiries, including medical/physical, emotional/spiritual and social/economic problems, from scientific viewpoints. The initial step of the study was to develop the classification category for these distresses and inquiries. The category was proposed based on information from two different sources; one is the consultation records of the Patient Support and Inquiry Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center and the other is the database of the Questionnaire Survey, which consisted of more than 25 000 distresses from 7885 people who faced up to cancer. The four‐level classification category was constructed from 16 primary categories, 35 secondary categories, 129 tertiary categories and 619 quaternary categories. The classification category made it possible to analyze the distresses of cancer patients and their family members. The present study demonstrated the differences between the patterns of distresses for the consultation service and the questionnaire survey. In consultation centers belonging to hospitals, such as the Patient Support and Inquiry Division in the Shizuoka Cancer Center, patients wanted to consult on distresses and inquiries related to medical care. In contrast, they rarely consulted on emotional/spiritual or social problems. Based on the present classification category, we are developing a database called ‘Questions and Answers for Cancer Patients’ Distresses’. The database enables medical staff to learn what distresses patients and their family members, and to implement high‐quality consultation in cancer clinics. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 612–616)
Polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene XRCC1 associated with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in a Korean population
Authors: Kang Sang Yoon , Lee Kwang Gil , Lee Wooseung , Shim Jeong Yun , Ji Seung Il , Chung Ki Wha , Chung Yoon Kyu , Kim Nam Keun 
Published: March 2007

DNA in most cells is regularly damaged by endogenous and exogenous mutagens. Unrepaired damage can result in apoptosis or may lead to unregulated cell growth and cancer. Inheritance of genetic variants at one or more loci results in reduced DNA repair capacity. This hospital‐based case‐control study examined whether polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene X‐ray repair cross‐complementing groups 1 (XRCC1) (Arg194Trp[C > T], Arg280His[G > A] and Arg399Gln[G > A]) play a role in susceptibility to skin cancer. We genotyped these polymorphisms for 212 histopathologically confirmed skin cancer cases (n = 114 basal cell carcinoma, n = 98 squamous cell carcinoma) and 207 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control cases in Korea. We found that individuals with the Arg/Gln and Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln genotypes at XRCC1 Arg399Gln(G > A) had an approximately 2‐fold increased risk of basal cell carcinoma compared to individuals with the Arg/Arg genotype (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.812, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–5.98, and AOR = 2.324, 95% CI 1.11–4.86). However, we observed that the 194Trp allele of the Arg194Trp(C > T) polymorphism was inversely associated with squamous cell carcinoma risk (Trp/Trp, AOR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.006–0.63). Our data suggest that the Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms may be differentially associated with skin cancer risk. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 716–720)
Group size, density and biomass of large mammals in the Réserve de Faune du Petit Loango, Gabon
Authors: Morgan Bethan J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGroup size, density and biomass of large‐bodied diurnal mammal species in the Réserve de Faune du Petit Loango, Gabon (now Parc National de Loango) was determined over a 12‐month period using standard line‐transect methods. Petit Loango encompasses a range of distinct habitat types, including coastal scrub, savanna, swamps and disturbed and mature forest. Such intact coastal habitats are increasingly rare on the Central‐West African coastline. Faecal censusing indicated highest forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) and buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus) ecological densities at the extreme coast (2.48 and 1.29 km−2respectively), probably reflecting high intensity of use of this habitat. Ape density was comparable with that at other Central African study sites at 1.01 individuals km−2. Mean total biomass of diurnal primates, elephants and other ungulates over the 20 km2site was 3290 kg km−2. Forest elephants and red river hogs (Potamochoerus porcus) constituted the bulk of the biomass, at 67% and 14% respectively. Primates made up 5% of the biomass. This is the first estimation of mammal density and biomass over an annual cycle at a Central African coastal site, and provides baseline data for long‐term studies in such habitats and to aid habitat and wildlife management decisions.
Influence of oblique basement strike–slip faults on the Mesozoic evolution of the south‐eastern segment of the Mid‐Polish Trough
Authors: Gutowski Jacek , Koyi Hemin A. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTA series of analogue models are used to demonstrate how the multistage development of the Mid‐Polish Trough (MPT) could have been influenced by oblique basement strike–slip faults. Based on reinterpretation of palaeothickness, facies maps and published syntheses of the basin development, the following successive stages in the Mesozoic history of the south eastern part of the MPT were simulated in the models: (1) Oblique extension of the NW segment of the MPT connected with sinistral movement along the Holy Cross Fault (HCF, Early Triassic–latest Early Jurassic). (2) Oblique extension of both NW and SE segment of the MPT, parallel to the HCF (latest Early and Middle Jurassic). (3) Oblique extension of the SE segment of the MPT and much lesser extension of its NW segment connected with dextral movement along the HCF (Early Oxfordian–latest Early Kimmeridgian). (4) Oblique extension of the SE segment of the MPT and much lesser extension of its NW segment connected with dextral movement along the Zawiercie Fault (ZF, latest Early Kimmeridgian–Early Albian). (5) Oblique inversion of the NW segment of the MPT connected with dextral movement along the HCF (Early Albian–latest Cretaceous). (6) Oblique inversion of the SE segment of the MPT along the W–E direction (latest Cretaceous–Palaeogene). The different sense of movements of these two basement strike–slip faults (HCF and ZF) resulted in distinct segmentation of the basin and its SW margin by successive systems of extensional en‐echelon faults. The overall structure of this margin is controlled by the interference of the border normal faults with the en‐echelon fault systems related to successive stages of movement along the oblique strike–slip faults. This type of en‐echelon fault system is absent in the opposite NE‐margin of the basin, which was not affected by oblique strike–slip faults. The NE‐margin of the basin is outlined by a typical, steep and distinctly marked rift margin fault zone, dominated by normal and dip–slip/strike–slip faults parallel to its axis. Within the more extended segment of the basin, extensive intra‐rift faults and relay ramps develop, which produce topographic highs running across the basin. The change in the extension direction to less oblique relative to the basin axis resulted in restructuring of the fault systems. This change caused shifting of the basin depocentre to this margin. Diachronous inversion of the different segments of the basin in connection with movement along one of the oblique basement strike–slip faults resulted in formation of a pull‐apart sub‐basin in the uninverted SE‐segment of the basin. The results of the analogue models presented here inspire an overall kinematic model for the southeastern segment of the MPT as they provide a good explanation of the observed structures and the changes in the facies and palaeothickness patterns.
Initiation and growth of salt‐based thrust belts on passive margins: results from physical models
Authors: Dooley Tim P. , Jackson Martin P. A. , Hudec Michael R. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTScaled sandbox models simulated primary controls on the kinematics of the early structural evolution of salt‐detached, gravity‐driven thrust belts on passive margins. Models had a neutral‐density, brittle overburden overlying a viscous décollement layer. Deformation created linked extension–translation–shortening systems. The location of initial brittle failure of the overburden was sensitive to perturbations at the base of the salt. Salt pinch‐out determined the seaward limit of the thrust belt. The thrust belts were dominated by pop‐up structures or detachment folds cut by break thrusts. Pop‐ups were separated by flat‐bottomed synclines that were partially overthrust. Above a uniformly dipping basement, thrusts initiated at the salt pinch‐out then consistently broke landward. In contrast, thrust belts above a seaward‐flattening hinged basement nucleated above the hinge and then spread both seaward and landward. The seaward‐dipping taper of these thrust belts was much lower than typical, frictional, Coulomb‐wedge models. Towards the salt pinch‐out, frictional resistance increased, thrusts verged strongly seawards and the dip of the taper reversed as the leading thrust overrode this pinch‐out. We attribute the geometry of these thrust belts to several causes. (1) Low friction of the basal décollement favours near‐symmetric pop‐ups. (2) Mobile salt migrates away from local loads created by overthrusting, which reduces the seaward taper of the thrust belt. (3) In this gravity‐driven system, shortening quickly spreads to form wide thrust belts, in which most of the strain overlapped in time.
Origin of early overpressure in the Upper Devonian Catskill Delta Complex, western New York state
Authors: Lash Gary G. , Blood David R. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThe Upper Devonian Rhinestreet black shale of the western New York state region of the Appalachian Basin has experienced multiple episodes of overpressure generation manifested by at least two sets of natural hydraulic fractures. These overpressure events were thermal in origin and induced by the generation of hydrocarbons during the Alleghanian orogeny close to or at the Rhinestreet's ∼3.1 km maximum burial depth. Analysis of differential gravitational compaction strain of the organic‐rich shale around embedded carbonate concretions that formed within a metre or so of the seafloor indicates that the Rhinestreet shale was compacted ∼58%. Compaction strain was recalculated to a palaeoporosity of 37.8%, in excess of that expected for burial >3 km. The palaeoporosity of the Rhinestreet shale suggests that porosity reduction caused by normal gravitational compaction of the low‐permeability carbonaceous sediment was arrested at some depth shy of its maximum burial depth by pore pressure in excess of hydrostatic. The depth at which the Rhinestreet shale became overpressured, the palaeo‐fluid retention depth, was estimated by use of published normal compaction curves and empirical porosity‐depth algorithms to fall between 850 and 1380 m. Early and relatively shallow overpressuring of the Rhinestreet shale likely originated by disequilibrium compaction induced by a marked increase in sedimentation rate in the latter half of the Famennian stage (Late Devonian) as the Catskill Delta Complex prograded westward across the Appalachian Basin in response to Acadian tectonics. The regional Upper Devonian stratigraphy of western New York state indicates that the onset of overpressure occurred at a depth of ∼1100 m, well in advance of the Rhinestreet shale's entry into the oil window during the Alleghanian orogeny.
Roles of volume‐activated Cl− currents and regulatory volume decrease in the cell cycle and proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Chen L. X. , Zhu L. Y. , Jacob T. J. C. , Wang L. W. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract.  Objectives: Previously it has been shown, that the volume‐activated plasma membrane chloride channel is associated with regulatory volume decrease (RVD) of cells and may play an important role in control of cell proliferation. We have demonstrated that both expression of the channel and RVD capacity are actively regulated in the cell cycle. In this study, we aimed to further study the role of the volume‐activated chloride current and RVD in cell cycle progression and overall in cell proliferation. Materials and methods: Whole‐cell currents, RVD, cell cycle distribution, cell proliferation and cell viability were measured or detected with the patch‐clamp technique, the cell image analysis technique, flow cytometry, the MTT assay and the trypan blue assay respectively, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE‐2Z cells). Results: The Cl− channel blockers, 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and tamoxifen, inhibit the volume‐activated chloride current, RVD and proliferation of CNE‐2Z cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Analysis of relationships between the current, RVD and cell proliferation showed that both the current and RVD were positively correlated with cell proliferation. NPPB (100 µm) and tamoxifen (20 µm) did not significantly induce cell death, but inhibited cell proliferation, implying that the blockers may inhibit cell proliferation by affecting cell cycle progression. This was verified by the observation that tamoxifen (20 µm) and NPPB (100 µm) inhibited cell cycle progress and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase boundary. Conclusions: Activity of the volume‐activated chloride channel is one of the important factors that regulate the passage of cells through the G1 restriction point and that the Cl− current associated with RVD plays an important role in cell proliferation.