bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVIDENCE THAT BLOOD GROUP A ANTIGEN ON LYMPHOCYTES IS DERIVED FROM THE PLASMA
Authors: Rachkewich R. A. , Crookston M. C. , Tilley C. A. , Wherrett J. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSerum from group O volunteers, who had been injected with porcine A blood group substance, was used in lymphocytotoxicity tests. Positive reactions were obtained only with lymphocytes of group A secretors; the strongest reactors were Le(a‐b‐). The same group O sera reacted with group O lymphocytes which had been exposed to a glycosphingolipid fraction prepared from the plasma of A, Le(a‐b‐) secretors. These reactions were specifically inhibited by A substance. It is suggested that, unlike the A antigen on red cells, the A antigen detected in lymphocytotoxicity tests is entirely derived from the plasma.
THE ROLE OF H‐2 AND H‐2‐LIKE DETERMINANTS IN SYNGENEIC AND ALLOGENEIC CYTOSTASIS
Authors: De Giorgi Luisa , Biasi G. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSpecific sensitization against H‐2 determinants was effected by immunizing allogeneic mice with spleen and lymph node cells in H‐2 congenic combinations. Lymph nodes from the sensitized and non‐sensitized mice were respectively cultured together with H‐2 syngeneic tumour cell lines. The growth and viability of the tumour cells was subsequently measured by the amount of radiothymidine incorporation. If the tumour cells incorporated less isotope when cultured with the immune cells than with the normal cells this was termed ‘cytostasis’. To identify the H‐2 genes controlling the sensitization phase in the cytostasis assay, we studied the effect on different transplantable tumour target cells of lymphoid cells from mice sensitized against different congenic spleen cells. The results suggest that the cytostasis assay can measure an in vitro specific response to H‐2‐incompatible sensitizing antigens, and that I‐B incompatibility, together with K and/or D, is essential to produce effectors. Furthermore, H‐2 allogeneic sensitization could induce cytostasis even against tumour cells syngeneic for the H‐2 halotype of the responder strain. The implications of these findings are discussed.
ROLE OF CELL‐CELL INTERACTIONS IN MITOGENIC STIMULATION OF LYMPHOCYTES: I. DISSOCIATION OF CONCANAVALIN A‐INDUCIBLE LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND AGGLUTINATION
Authors: Dráber P. , Viklický V. , Lengerová Alena 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe aim of the study was to decide whether the delayed agglutination of lymphocytes following mitogenic doses of concanavalin A (Con A) is a prerequisite of the activation process. It was shown that both phenomena can be greatly dissociated; suitable doses of cytochalasin B (CB) completely block agglutination, while the capacity to respond (by [14C]thymidine incorporation) to Con A‐induced stimulation is retained. It was concluded that agglutinability is acquired in the early phase of the activation process, concomitant with induced changes in the cell membrane structure; the manifestation (i.e. agglutination) of this capacity is not necessary for the activation of the cell nucleus to take place, and it depends on the cells' chances of being brought together, either by active movement or by external forces.
X CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT AND SERUM LEVELS OF IgM IN MAN AND MOUSE
Authors: Adinolfi M. , Haddad Susan A. , Seller Mary J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe levels of IgM were measured in sera from mice with different chromosome complements, including 39, XO mice and phenotypically male mice bearing the sex‐reversed gene (Sxr) (XX,Sxr/+ and XY,Sxr/+).The mean values of IgM were found to be higher in normal female mice than in the males belonging to two different strains. This is in agreement with the higher mean serum levels of IgM observed in two groups of sera from normal human females and males.However, while we could confirm that the mean level of IgM was lower in 45, XO women than in normal females and comparable to the mean value of normal males, the same effect was not seen in 39, XO mice. In fact, the mean concentration of serum IgM in 39, XO mice was similar to that in normal females. Furthermore, it was observed that the mean values of serum IgM in the two groups of sex‐reversed male mice (XX,Sxr/+ and XY,Sxr/+) were also not statistically different from those in normal males.Thus the role that the number of X chromosomes plays in the control of the serum levels of IgM is different in man and the mouse, in agreement with the observed different phenotypic manifestations, and in particular with the hormonal situations existing in X chromosome abnormalities in these two species.
INHERITED STRUCTURAL VARIATION AND LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS OF C7
Authors: Hobart M. J. , Joysey V. , Lachmann P. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThree structural forms of C7 have been distinguished by isoelectric focusing. They are the products of three co‐dominantly expressed alleles at an autosomal locus. The C7 locus is close to that for C6, but is not close to the HLA complex.
TEMPERATURE STRESS AND IMMUNITY IN MICE: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONEMTAL TEMPERATURE ON THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN OF MICE, DIFFERING IN AGE AND STRAIN
Authors: Sabiston B. H. , Rose J. E. M. Ste , Cinader B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPhysiological responses at different ambient temperatures and temperature‐dependent changes in immune responsiveness are polymorphic. At 4d̀C, the antigen elimination from the bodies of SJL and C57B1/6 mice is accelerated. In SJL, but not in C57B1/6 mice, the half‐life of antigen elimination decreased between the ages of 3 and 11 weeks. Parental mice and their F1 hybrids showed a fall in rectal temperature, which was greatest in young animals. Hypothermia was greater in C57B1/6 than in SJL and F1 hybrids; in 3 week old C57B1/6 it resulted in high mortality. The response to aggregated human immunoglobulin (HGG) was evaluated by (a) the number of animals with detectable antibody, (b) the minimal dose of antigen eliciting detectable antibody, and (c) the mean titre of haemagglutinating antibody. SJL mice were more responsive than C57B1/6 mice. Low antibody formation in the secondary response was dominant, i.e. the amount of antibody produced by (SJL × C57B1/6)F1 mice was the same as that produced by the parental C57B1/6 strain. In a primary response, the quantity of antibody varied with the age of the immunized animal; 18 week old mice responded to lower minimal doses of antigen and produced more haemagglutinating antibody than 3 week old animals.After a second injection with HGG, SJL but not C57B1/6 mice produced more antibody when kept at 14d̀C rather than at 22d̀C or 30d̀C, and produced the lowest antibody titres when kept at 4d̀C. The relation between ambient temperature and the response of the SJL mice was dominant over that of the C57B1/6 strain.Primary differed from secondary responsiveness in that neither strain produced significantly lower titres when ambient temperature fell to 4d̀C; only 18 week old SJL mice responded with a marginal decrease in peak antibody production.The described polymorphism may affect both the individual capacity to cope with low temperatures and the evolutionary adaptation of a species to climatic extremes.
INHERITED ‘MOSAICISM’ WITHIN THE ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM
Authors: Bird G. W. G. , Wingham June , Watkins Winifred M. , Greenwell Pamela , Cameron A. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA family with examples of the rare condition known as ‘inherited mosaicism affecting the ABO blood groups’ has been studied. In this family there were five examples of Bmos:O mosaicism. Blood group gene‐specified transferase estimations were studied in this condition for the first time. In ‘affected' members, levels of B gene‐specified transferease were low, and amounted to only 7‐10% of the activity of a normal control. It is proposed that Bmos is correctly classified as a new form of weak B.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON WATER FROG EGGS: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON RANA RIDIBUNDA, RANA LESSONAE AND THEIR HYBRID RANA ESCULENTA
Authors: Kothbauer H. , Schenkel‐Brunner H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEggs of Rana ridibunda, Rana lessonae and their hybrid Rana esculenta were examined for their immunochemical properties. The reaction spectra obtained confirm the hybrid origin of Rana esculenta.
IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HUMAN ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (ADH) ISOZYMES
Authors: Adinolfi A. , Adinolfi M. , Hopkinson D. A. , Harris H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRabbit immune sera, raised against purified horse alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and against human β1β1 ADH isozyme, were found to react specifically against the enzyme. The antisera reacted against one or more common antigenic determinants of the ADH from primates and other mammals, indicating that common structures have been preserved in ADH over a long evolutionary period. The antisera did not react against Drosophila and yeast ADH.The human ADH isozymes coded by the three loci ADH1, ADH2 and ADH3, and the allelic variants, were immunologically indistinguishable. In contrast, the ‘anodal' form of human ADH showed no reaction with the immune sera, suggesting a separate evolutionary origin of this molecule. Results from the single radial diffusion test indicated that the high enzymatic activity of ‘atypical' human ADH was not associated with high concentrations of the enzyme protein.
ORIGINAL H‐2d AND FOREIGN H ‐ 2k ‐ LIKE ANTIGENS ARE INDEPENDENT ENTITIES ON A CHEMICALLY INDUCED SARCOMA
Authors: Parmiani G. , Meschini Angela , Ballinari D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe have previously shown that a methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcoma of BALB/c strain (C‐1) expressed, in addition to its original H‐2d antigens, foreign H‐2k‐like determinants. In the present study the relationship between H‐2d and H‐2k‐like antigens was examined by in vitro and in vivo assays. Cultured tumour cells were exposed in the cold to either a monospecific (D‐23, D‐25, D‐1) or polyspecific (BALB/c anti‐C3Hf) alloantiserum directed to H‐2k specificities and then used to absorb the cytotoxic activity of either monospecific (D‐31) or a polyspecific (C3Hf anti‐BALB/c) alloantisera to H‐2d antigens (blocking test). The opposite was also done, i.e. tumour cells were coated with anti‐H‐2d sera and used to absorb the cytotoxicity of anti‐H‐2k sera. No reciprocal interference was found between the two H‐2‐different antigens in the absorption of related alloantisera. Suspensions of irradiated C‐1 tumour cells were exposed in vitro to either anti‐H‐2d or anti‐H‐2k antisera and then used to immunize either syngeneic BALB/c or allogeneic C3Hf mice. The coating of immunizing neoplastic cells with BALB/c anti‐C3Hf serum prevented anti‐C3Hf (anti‐H‐2k) antibody production in BALB/c mice without affecting anti‐BALB/c (anti‐H‐2d) antibody development in C3Hf animals; coating of H‐2d antigens on tumour cells strongly reduced anti‐BALB/c but not anti‐C3Hf antibody production. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that foreign H‐2k‐like determinants are physically separated from the wild H‐2d antigens on the C‐1 sarcoma cells.
DETECTION AND CROSS‐REACTION OF H‐Y ANTIGEN BY HAEMAGGLUTINATION
Authors: Shalev A. , Berczi I. , Hamerton J. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHaemagglutination has been developed for the detection of H‐Y antigen and antibodies by using mouse and rat red blood cells (RBC). The method is simple, specific and sensitive. With this method, the H‐Y antigen was demonstrated on the surface of RBC from mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, chicken, trout and man, as a cross‐reactive surface component. RBC of the quail and the cat differed from the other species in their ability to absorb the H‐Y antibodies, indicating unknown differences in the H‐Y antigen of these species. The female trout was found to carry the H‐Y antigen and thus is assumed to be the heterogametic sex of this species. Trout serum contains factor(s) with a potential for agglutinating mouse and rat RBC. Female mice (C57B1/6J) and rats (DA) were immunized with various male tissues according to different schedules. All H‐Y antisera contained autoantibodies when tested by haemagglutination. The problems involving the detection of H‐Y antigen and the effect of autoimmunity in H‐Y antiserum are discussed.
MEMBRANE ANTIGENS RECOGNIZED BY HETEROANTISERA AGAINST MOUSE TUMOURS, TESTED IN CELL LINES OF DIFFERENT H ‐ 2 HAPLOTYPES
Authors: Garcia‐Olivares E. , Garrido F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe pattern of reactivity of two heteroantisera against mouse tumour cells (rabbit anti‐Meth A sarcoma: RAMA; and rabbit anti‐RBL‐5 leukaemia: RAR‐5) has been studied in various cell lines of different H‐2 haplotypes in complement‐dependent cytotoxicity tests using a microadioassay.RAMA was cytotoxic not only for Meth A (H‐2d) but also for MCG4, P815Y, LSTRA, YC8 (H‐2d), L929, TLC5, Gardner (H‐2k), RBL‐5 and TLX/9 (H‐2b). RAR‐5 similarly killed RBL‐5, as expected, as well as Meth A, P815Y, MCG4, SL2, YC8, LSTRA (H‐2d), L929 (H‐2k), TLX/9, MBL2, Gil IV, EL4 (H‐2b) and YAC (H‐2a).The cross‐cytotoxicity RAMA‐RBL‐5 and RAR‐5‐Meth A was abolished when RAMA or RAR‐5 were absorbed with allogeneic tissues from C57B1/6, BALB/c, CBA/H, C57B1/10 (B10), B10.BR, B10.D2, but not with rat lymphoid cells. A species‐specific antigen present in these strains of mice thus appeared to be responsible for this cytotoxicity.The direct killing obtained with RAMA on Meth A and RAR‐5 on RBL‐5 was not absorbed by: (a) allogeneic cells of C57B1/6, CBA/H, AKR, B10, B10.BR, B10.D2 for RAMA, and CBA/H, BALB/c, B10, B10.BR, B10.D2 for RAR‐5; or (b) syngeneic normal lymphoid cells (BALB/c and C57B1/6 respectively).This suggests the presence of a heteroantibody in the sera recognizing structures at the tumour cell surface that are absent in normal lymphoid cells—a tumour‐specific antigen (TSA).Finally, the TSA of Meth A (recognized by BALB/c‐absorbed RAMA) did not cross‐react with eight mouse cell lines of different aetiology and origin: MCG4, P815Y, Gardner, TLC5, L929, TLX/9, LSTRA and RBL‐5. However, the TSA of RBL‐5 (recognized by C57B1/6 absorbed RAR‐5) reacted not only with RBL‐5 but also with tumour cells induced by viruses antigenically related to Rauscher, belonging to the group FMR Gi. It reacted also with EL4, a tumour cell line not virus induced, and weakly with SL2, a spontaneous tumour cell line. It did not react with TLX/9 (X‐ray induced) or Meth A (chemically induced).From these results it is concluded that heteroantisera against mouse tumour cells recognize at least species‐specific antigens and tumour‐specific antigens.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN EVOLUTION: CHEMICAL STUDY OF CLAWED TOAD (XENOPUS LAEVIS) HEAVY AND LIGHT CHAINS
Authors: Wang A. C. , Tung E. , Fudenberg H. H. , Hadji‐Azimi I. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYNH2, terminal amino acid sequence determinations of clawed toad (Xenopus laevis) immunoglobulins indicate that approximately 30% of the heavy chains and less than 5% of the light chains have unblocked NH2 termini. The major amino acid sequence of the X. laevis 7S immunoglobulin heavy chains is the same as that of the 19S immunoglobulin heavy chains. Thus in the synthesis of the heavy chains, the VH genes coding for unblocked heavy chains can associate with CH genes of both the 19S and 7S classes. This association is particularly important in amphibians because, in contrast to mammals and birds, the majority of amphibian antibody‐producing cells synthesize both 19S and 7S immunoglobulins and do not participate in the ‘genetic switch’ characteristic of lymphocyte differentiation in higher organisms. In X. laevis, the major amino acid sequence at the first twenty‐four positions of the unblocked heavy chains shows approximately 54% difference from the prototype amino acid sequence of the mammalian VHIII subgroup. Thus, the VHIII gene(s) must have started to appear after the evolutionary divergence of the common ancestor of mammals and birds from the amphibian line. The amino acid composition of the X. laevis 7S immunoglobulin heavy chains differs from that of its 19S immunoglobulins as well as those of human IgG and IgA. These data support the concepts (a) that amphibian 7S and 19S immunoglobins belong to distinct classes and (b) that amphibian 7S immunoglobulin does not resemble mammalian IgG or IgA.
THE EFFECT OF FOSTERING NUDE MICE WITH ALLOGENEIC MOTHERS ON SUBSEQUENT MORTALITY
Authors: Hetherington C. M. , Hegan Moira A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMortality in nude mice fostered by allogeneic mothers was studied. The data failed to support the hypothesis that mortality was due to graft versus host disease resulting from the passage of immunocomponent cells to the young in the mothers' milk. It was apparent that there were significant differences in the ability of mothers of different strains to rear nude mice.
PROBABLE EnaEn HETEROZYGOTES IN TWO BRITISH FAMILIES
Authors: Inglis G. , Anstee D. J. , Giles C. M. , Tanner M. J. A. , Mitchell R. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryAn investigation of the serological and biochemical properties of red cells in two unrelated British families revealed the probable presence of examples of the rare genotype EnαEn.In one family the En‐modified red cells carried N‐like determinants associated with s. In the other family M‐like determinants associated with S were found.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO MAMMALIAN CHYMOTRYPSINS IN MICE
Authors: Young C. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe primary and secondary immune response to the antigen bovine pancreatic α‐chymotrypsin was investigated in in inbred mice. It was found that strain differences in the immune response only became apparent after secondary immunization. The genetic control of the immune response was investigated in twelve different strains of mice, F1, F2 and F1 backcross hybrids, following secondary immunization. A continous distribution for the mean antibody responsiveness was obtained. High responsiveness was associated with both the H‐2 haplotype and three non‐H‐2 loci. Furthermore the F1 hybrids produced a greater quantitative antibody response to chymotrypsin than either of the corresponding parental strains.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO MAMMALIAN CHYMOTRYPSINS IN MICEq
Authors: Young C. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe immune response to the antigen bovine pancreatic α‐chymotrypsin was investigated in ten recombinant strains of mice. Using a fixed antigen‐percentage bound isotope technique, it was found that the quantity of antibody produced was related to the H‐2 haplotype of the responding animal. A continuous distribution for the mean antibody responses was obtained for the ten strains of mice. High responsiveness was associated with the H‐2 haplotype y2. The genetic control of the immune response to this immunogen was found to be both quantitative and qualitative.
THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN‐LIKET‐CELL RECEPTOR: I. IN SITU DEMONSTRATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN Fab‐REGION DETERMINANTS OF RODENT T‐ AND B‐LYMPHOCYTES USING CHICKEN ANTIBODIES*
Authors: Marchalonis J. J. , Warr G. W. , Bucana C. , Hoyer L. C. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryAntibodies were raised in chickens to the (Fab')2 fragment of normal murine IgG and to the κ‐myeloma protein MOPC 41. Following appropriate absorptions or purification by immune affinity chromatography the chicken antibodies bound specifically to both T‐ and B‐cells of mice, rats and guinea‐pigs as detected by quantitative cytofluorescence, radioactive binding assays and transmission and scanning immunoelectronmicroscopy. These antibodies are directed against polypeptide determinants of the Fab fragment, block antigen binding by purified idiotype‐bearing murine antibodies, and provide useful probes for visualization and analysis of immunoglobulin‐like surface receptors of rodent B‐ and T‐cells.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES AND RESPONSE TO TETANUS TOXOID IN PAPUA, NEW GUINEA
Authors: Schanfield M. S. , Wells J. V. , Fudenberg H. H. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe data indicates that Papuans with the Austronesian haplotype Gmf,a;b produce significantly higher levels of tetanus specific antibody, than Papuans without this haplotype, suggesting that response to tetanus toxoid in man is associated with the Gm phenotype of the individual. Km (1) status was not related to response.
TWO APPARENTLY HEALTHY JAPANESE INDIVIDUALS OF TYPE MkMk HAVE ERYTHROCYTES WHICH LACK BOTH THE BLOOD GROUP MN AND Ss‐ACTIVE SIALOGLYCOPROTEINS
Authors: Tokunaga E. , Sasakawa S. , Tamaka K. , Kawamata H. , Giles C. M. , Ikin E. W. , Poole J. , Anstee D. J. , Mawby W. , Tanner M. J. A. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryA Japanese blood donor (H. T.) and his brother (M. S.) are the first homozygous MkMk individuals described; their red cells lack, as expected, known antigens of the MNSs blood group system and also have no demonstrable MN‐active and Ss‐active glycoproteins. Both MkMk individuals have a naturally occurring atypical antibody in their serum. The antibody in the serum of H. T. is inhibited by MNSs‐active glycoprotein preparations from normal erythrocytes.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HEN'S EGG‐WHITE LYSOZYME IN MICE: I. ANTIBODY AND T‐LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES TO THE NATIVE PROTEIN*
Authors: Okuda K. , Sakata S. , Atassi M. Zouhair , David C. S. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryWe have initiated studies to determine whether the antibody and T‐lymphocyte proliferative responses to lysozyme and its antigenic sites is genetically controlled in mice. Mice of the H‐2f, H‐2k and H‐2p were high responders, while haplotypes H‐2b, H‐2d, H‐2r and H‐2s were low responders. Studies with recombinants indicated that the immune response is controlled by two H‐2I region loci, one being in the I‐A subregion and the other may be in the I‐C subregions.
SEROLOGICAL AND IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF H‐2 ALLOSPECIFICITIES ON k36, A SYNGENEIC TUMOUR OF AKR
Authors: Schmidt W. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryExpression of H‐2 antigenic specificities on K36, a spontaneous leukaemia originating from AKR (H‐2k) mice, was studied by serology and immunochemistry. Two ascites lines of the tumour, as well as a tissue culture adjusted and cloned tumour line, were used in these studies with similar results being obtained.K36 expresses on its cell surface D‐region encoded H‐2K antigens but does not express K‐region encoded H‐2K alloantigens. It also expresses on its cell membrane, H‐2 specificities of foreign haplotypes not present on normal AKR lymphoid cells. The molecular basis of the H‐2Dd specificity on K36 (H‐2k was analysed by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specificity was shown to be present on a glycoprotein of apparent molecular weight 45,000. However, antisera against the H‐2Dd private specificity (H‐2.4) precipitate additional glycoprotein of 45,000D and also 70,000D.In tryptic peptide maps of the isolated 45,000D fraction precipitated by anti‐H‐2.4 serum from radiolabelled K36 glycoprotein, all H‐2Dd specific peptides were present in the same quantitative ratio. This is consistent with the structural identity of the foreign H‐2Dd from the K36 tumour with normal H‐2Dd and supports the hypothesis of a regulator system controlling the H‐2 allelism. Under certain circumstances such a system could cause suppression of one and derepression of the other H‐2 gene products.