bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extensive episode of derecho‐producing convective systems in the United States during May and June 1998: A multi‐scale analysis and review
Authors: Ashley Walker S. , Mote Thomas L. , Bentley Mace L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA multi‐scale analysis is presented on widespread and long‐lived convectively generated windstorms, known as derechos. Analyses of the derecho‐producing environments during 15 May–30 June 1998 indicate that this exceptional episode of derechos and derecho groupings (or series) was supported by ingredients (i.e. moisture, instability, and wind shear) that were supplied by the large‐scale setting. In particular, the semi‐stagnant subtropical ridge and associated capping inversion across the southern tier of the U.S. were important in supplying amplified moisture and instability to derecho‐genesis regions through an underrunning process. Regions of preferred derecho formation appeared to correspond to shifts in the overall strength and position of the ridge, illustrating the importance of the ridge in focusing successive organized convection. Initiating mechanisms varied widely and were not restricted to warm‐air advection regimes along quasi‐stationary boundaries that forecasters often associate with warm‐season derecho environments. In several cases, derecho‐producing convective systems were generated by tropospheric features not consistent with common conceptual models of derecho environments such as closed lows and strong vorticity maxima. Further, three distinct series types were identified and classified based on their initiating mechanisms. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Chirped pulse control methods for imaging of biological structure and dynamics
Authors: Malinovskaya Svetlana 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAdvancements in coherent control of vibrational dynamics lie in the development of novel noninvasive imaging techniques that provide information about biological species with molecular specificity. Of particular interest is development of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy that contains vibrational finger‐prints of molecules. CARS is a nonlinear optical process utilizing ultrafast laser pulses to generate strong, molecular‐specific signals. Biological imaging techniques based on CARS employ selective excitation of Raman transitions and involve ultrafast laser pulse manipulation. We show that linearly chirped femtosecond pulses may be efficiently used for vibrational mode selective excitation in stimulated Raman scattering. Chirped pulse adiabatic passage is demonstrated in two‐photon Raman transitions implementing a pump and Stokes pulses having opposite linear chirps before pulse amplitude reaches maximum, and same chirps after. This approach allows one to selectively excite molecular modes in a wide range of field parameters and with high chemical sensitivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Preparation of14C‐gossypol by incorporation of acetate‐1‐14C and acetate‐2‐14C by biosynthesis
Authors: Smith F. H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDetails for the germination of cotton seedlings and their utilization for incorporating14C‐labeled acetate into gossypol are presented. Methods for the isolation and purification of the biosynthesized gossypol are given. The specific activity of the gossypol obtained from root tissue and cotyledons had mean values for 8 preparations of 428.6×103 and 6.3×103 dpm/mg, respectively. Corresponding incorporations were 5.42 and 0.32%.
Evaluation of eight extraction methods and their effects upon total fat and gas liquid chromatographic fatty acid composition analyses of food products
Authors: Sheppard A. J. , Hubbard W. D. , Prosser A. R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSamples of corn beef hash, frozen turkey pie, frozen beef pie, and beef stew were extracted by eight methods. Methyl esters of the fatty acids contained in the extracted fat residue were prepared with BF3‐methanol reagent and measured quantitatively by gas liquid chromatography. A 4N HCl digest followed by ethyl ether extraction was the most effective extraction method. Total lipid extracted, fatty acid distribution, and triglyceride recovery were the primary evaluation criteria. Recovery studies were carried out on eight different foods ranging from high meat content to pure vegetable shortening.
Surface‐active N‐acylglutamate: IV. Physicochemical properties of triethanolamine long chain N‐acylglutamates
Authors: Takehara Masahiro , Yoshimura Ippei , Yoshida Ryonosuke 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of triethanolamine long chain N‐acylglutamates are described. The monotriethanolamine salts were less soluble in water and superior in surface activity, compared with the corresponding ditriethanolamine salts. The monotriethanolamine salt showed weak acidity in an aqueous solution. There were some differences between optically active and racemic N‐acylglutamates, especially in the values of critical micelle concentration.
Synergistic Behavior of a Triblock Copolymer with Anionic and Cationic Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Azzam E. M. S. , Morsy S. M. I. , Saleh N. E. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe synergistic behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO) triblock copolymer in aqueous solution with the synthesized anionic surfactants [decyl sulfonate (A10), myristyl sulfonate (A14) and cetyl sulfonate (A16)] and cationic surfactants [decyl pyridinium bromide (C10), myristyl peridinium bromide (C14) and cetyl pyridinium bromide (C16)] was investigated using a surface tension technique at 25 °C. The results show that the CMC values of binary mixtures for anionic and cationic surfactants with the triblock copolymer are lower than that of single surfactants. The synergistic interaction between surfactant molecules and copolymer molecules in binary mixed solution enhance the adsorption of surfactant molecules at the interface. The micellar mole fractions (Xm) and the interaction parameter (β) of these surfactants in mixed micelles were determined.
Major ice sheet response in eastern New England to a cold North Atlantic region, ca. 16–15 cal ka BP
Authors: Kaplan Michael R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA large ice sheet still covered almost all of Maine and eastern New England until ca. 15 cal ka BP, reaching south of 45 °S, despite rising summer insolation intensity and major ice recession elsewhere outside the North Atlantic region. Furthermore, the well-studied moraine belt along eastern coastal Maine, including the prominent Pineo Ridge delta/moraine complex and Pond Ridge moraine, indicates repeated readvances and stillstands between ca. 16 and 15 cal ka BP. This moraine belt reflects a considerable ice sheet response over eastern North America during this time period, coeval with the latter half of the European Oldest Dryas period. Moraine deposition was concurrent with reduction or elimination of North Atlantic meridional overturning, starting with the earlier onset of peak IRD and Heinrich Event 1 (HE-1). The existing 14C chronology suggests that the coastal moraine belt and the persistence of the ice sheet until ∼ 15 cal ka BP was a response to the severe cooling of the North Atlantic region after ∼ 17 cal ka BP.
Use of sourdough lactobacilli and oat fibre to decrease the glycaemic index of white wheat bread
Authors: De Angelis Maria , Rizzello Carlo G. , Alfonsi Giuditta , Arnault Philip , Cappelle Stefan , Di Cagno Raffaella , Gobbetti Marco 
Published: August 2007

This work was aimed at decreasing the glycaemic index (GI) of white wheat bread. Breads made with wheat flour (WF) or wholemeal flour (WMF) and fermented with baker's yeast had similar values of resistant starch (RS; 1·4–1·7 %, starch basis). Sourdough Lactobacillus plantarum P1 and Lactobacillus brevis P2 favoured the highest formation of RS (approximately 5 %) when fermented with WF and WMF. The mixture (1:1) of WF and WMF (WF/WMF) was selected. The effect of dietary fibres, chemical or sourdough acidification on the hydrolysis index (HI) of WF/WMF bread was determined. Among fibres, only the addition of oat fibre (5 %) decreased the HI to 90·84 %. Lactic acid determined the lowest HI, and the effect was related to the decrease of pH. For the same decrease of pH, breads fermented with L. plantarum P1 and L. brevis P2 (sourdough WF/WMF) showed values of HI lower than chemical acidification. The glucose response and GI of WF bread or sourdough WF/WMF bread enriched with oat fibre was determined by using fifteen healthy volunteers. Anhydrous glucose was used as reference. The area under the glucose response curve and the value of GI (72 %) of WF bread were significantly (P < 0·05) higher than sourdough WF/WMF bread enriched with oat fibre (GI = 53·7 %). The decrease of GI of the sourdough WF/WMF bread may be due to both fibre content and decreased pH. Compared to WMF bread, sourdough WF/WMF bread, enriched with oat fibre, had higher specific volume, better cell crumb structure and more appreciated acidulous smell, taste and aroma.
Reponses of sheep to a vaccination of entodinial or mixed rumen protozoal antigens to reduce rumen protozoal numbers
Authors: Williams Yvette J. , Rea Suzanne M. , Popovski Sam , Pimm Carolyn L. , Williams Andrew J. , Toovey Andrew F. , Skillman Lucy C. , Wright André-Denis G. 
Published: August 2007

Two rumen protozoa vaccine formulations containing either whole fixedEntodiniumor mixed rumen protozoa cells were tested on Merino sheep with the aim of decreasing the number and/or activity of protozoa in the rumen. Negative control (no antigen) and positive control (Tetrahymena corlissiantigens) treatments were also included in the experiment. Blood and saliva were sampled to measure the specific immune response. Protozoal numbers in the rumen were monitored by microscopic counts. Vaccination with protozoal formulations resulted in the presence of specific IgG in plasma and saliva, but saliva titres were low. Titres after secondary vaccination were higher (P < 0·05) than after primary vaccination. There was a moderate (r20·556) relationship (P < 0·05) between plasma and saliva titres for the rumen protozoal vaccine formulations. Rumen protozoa were not decreased (P>0·05) by the vaccination and there was also no difference (P>0·05) between treatments in rumen fluid ammonia-N concentration or wool growth.In vitrostudies investigated the binding ability of the antibodies and estimated the amount of antibody required to reduce cell numbers in the rumen. The studies showed that the antibodies did bind to and reduced protozoa numbers, but the amount of antibody generated by vaccination was not enough to produce results in anin vivosystem. It is suggested that the vaccine could be improved if specific protozoal antigens are determined and isolated and that improved understanding of the actions of protozoa antibodies in rumen fluid and the relationships between levels of antibodies and numbers of protozoa in the rumen is needed.
Naturally occurring iodine in humic substances in drinking water in Denmark is bioavailable and determines population iodine intake
Authors: Andersen Stig , Pedersen Klaus M. , Iversen Finn , Terpling Steen , Gustenhoff Peter , Petersen Steffen B. , Laurberg Peter 
Published: August 2007

Iodine intake is important for thyroid function. Iodine content of natural waters is high in some areas and occurs bound in humic substances. Tap water is a major dietary source but bioavailability of organically bound iodine may be impaired. The objective was to assess if naturally occurring iodine bound in humic substances is bioavailable. Tap water was collected at Randers and Skagen waterworks and spot urine samples were collected from 430 long-term Randers and Skagen dwellers, who filled in a questionnaire. Tap water contained 2 μg/l elemental iodine in Randers and 140 μg/l iodine bound in humic substances in Skagen. Median (25; 75 percentile) urinary iodine excretion among Randers and Skagen dwellers not using iodine-containing supplements was 50 (37; 83) μg/24 h and 177 (137; 219) μg/24 h respectively (P < 0·001). The fraction of samples with iodine below 100 μg/24 h was 85·0 % in Randers and 6·5 % in Skagen (P < 0·001). Use of iodine-containing supplements increased urinary iodine by 60 μg/24 h (P < 0·001). This decreased the number of samples with iodine below 100 μg/24 h to 67·3 % and 5·0 % respectively, but increased the number of samples with iodine above 300 μg/24 h to 2·4 % and 16·1 %. Bioavailability of iodine in humic substances in Skagen tap water was about 85 %. Iodine in natural waters may be elemental or found in humic substances. The fraction available suggests an importance of drinking water supply for population iodine intake, although this may not be adequate to estimate population iodine intake.
Responses of surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis to changes in cholesterol metabolism during various amounts of fat and cholesterol feeding among healthy men
Authors: Nissinen Markku J. , Gylling Helena , Miettinen Tatu A. 
Published: August 2007

Serum ratios to cholesterol of lathosterol, and of cholestanol, campesterol and sitosterol measure respective relative cholesterol synthesis and absorption, but their clinical applicability is not known in evaluation of cholesterol metabolism under different dietary conditions. We compared relative synthesis and absorption of cholesterol to the respective absolute ones in healthy male volunteers (n29) on four subsequent diets: baseline home (HD), low-cholesterol low-fat (LCLF), high-cholesterol low-fat (HCLF) and low-cholesterol high-fat (LCHF). Serum lipids, lipoproteins, sterols, fractional cholesterol absorption and sterol synthesis were examined. HCLF and LCHF decreased fractional cholesterol absorption by approximately 23–27 % from baseline HD (P < 0·05) and increased the levels of total and LDL-cholesterol in serum from LCLF by approximately 9–14 % (P < 0·05). On HCLF, bile acid synthesis was high (P < 0·05 for each), and absolute cholesterol synthesis tended to be higher than on HD and LCHF (NS). Relative synthesis was positively associated with absolute cholesterol synthesis, but inversely with relative absorption during each diet (P < 0·05). The relative absorption markers were interrelated in each diet, and were also associated with fractional absorption of cholesterol in each diet but HD. In conclusion, relative markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis reflect changes in cholesterol metabolism despite the amount of dietary fat and cholesterol consumed, but their validity with this respect is strengthened by controlled diets in metabolic studies. Additions of cholesterol and fat to a diet low in fat and cholesterol cause practically equal changes in the serum lipid profiles, whereas synthesis of cholesterol (NS) and bile acids (P < 0·05) were higher with the high-cholesterol feeding.
Intranasal lysine-aspirin administration decreases polyp volume in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma
Authors: Ogata N , Darby Y , Scadding G 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIntroduction:Nasal polyposis associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma tends to be difficult to control, with frequent recurrences. We examined the effect of intranasal lysine-aspirin administration on resistant nasal polyps of asthmatic, aspirin-intolerant patients, when used in addition to routine therapy.Patients and methods:Thirteen patients with asthma and intolerance to aspirin were recruited. All but one had undergone numerous polypectomies and were uncontrolled on standard therapy with intranasal corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists and nasal douching. Aspirin treatment involved one drop (100 µl) of 30 mg/ml lysine-aspirin solution to each nostril, initially daily, increased every two or three days up to a maximal of 18 drops (54 mg lysine-aspirin) a day. Nasal symptoms, nitric oxide level, nasal inspiratory peak flow rate, peak expiratory flow rate and nasendoscopic grading were assessed prior to therapy and three months later. We also compared the change in endoscopic polyp scores during three months of lysine-aspirin administration with the changes which had occurred during the three months prior to administration (during which time other therapies had been identical).Results:Nasal blockage symptoms tended to decrease; other nasal symptoms were unchanged. Significant changes were seen in nasal inspiratory peak flow rate (103.3 ± 18.9 and 140.0 ± 16.7 l/min before and after aspirin, respectively; p = 0.014), but not in peak expiratory flow rate (438.7 ± 33.4 and 440.0 ± 28.4 l/min before and after aspirin, respectively; p = 0.700). Nasal nitric oxide levels rose significantly (in both sides, p = 0.028). Expired chest nitric oxide levels did not change. Nasal polyp scores on nasendoscopic examination were significantly reduced (right side, p = 0.027; left side, p = 0.018). Compared with the preceding three months, adding intranasal lysine-aspirin application had the effect on decreasing nasal polyp volume (right side, p = 0.031; left side, p = 0.016).Conclusion:This open study suggests that intranasal lysine-aspirin administration reduces nasal polyp volume in aspirin-intolerant patients, without any adverse affect on concomitant asthma. This was a preliminary study and should be followed by a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
Regional influence on the occurrence of road slipperiness during winter precipitation events
Authors: Eriksson M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere is a severe risk of road icing and slipperiness when rain or sleet falls on a frozen road surface. Traffic can be severely affected, with a higher frequency of road accidents. These conditions usually occur during warm frontal passages when cold weather and low road surface temperatures are replaced by warmer air and precipitation. Two case studies from southern Sweden show the spatial and temporal distribution of rain or sleet on a frozen road surface. The influence of regional‐scale characteristics is demonstrated. Air temperature governs the spatial distribution when temperatures around −10°C precede the event. Weather stations in an open environment experience slippery conditions first. If temperatures are just below zero before the front arrives, road surface temperature becomes the crucial factor. Weather stations in locations screened by forest or road cuts are the first to register this event. The methodology presented in this paper can be used to increase knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns of road slipperiness in an area. As a result, forecasts and maintenance activities can be improved and there is a better understanding of the relationship between synoptic events and road slipperiness. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
An investigation of winter nocturnal air and road surface temperature variation in the West Midlands, UK under different synoptic conditions
Authors: Weller J , Thornes J E 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study considers night‐time urban air and road surface temperature variations under different synoptic weather conditions. Five years of winter weather data from a single weather station were classified into groups with similar air‐mass characteristics. Using a two‐stage process of principal components analysis followed by cluster analysis, the resulting clusters were used to sort paired air and road‐surface temperature observations recorded at 2100hr from the West Midlands road weather information network into days with similar meteorological controls. The six resulting clusters have good between‐group variation and feature a dominant wind direction. The results show that the difference between air and road surface temperatures is significant except during strong westerly conditions. Days featuring clear and anticyclonic weather showed the greatest between‐site variation and evidence of the urban heat island effect. Under these conditions, road surface temperatures were warmer than the air –the opposite of what one would normally expect in rural areas. Those days with wet and windy weather were found to have the least between‐site variation, excepting that due to altitude. The presence of a high vapour flux in the urban environment literally dampens the temperature response. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Objective pattern discrimination model for dust storm forecasting
Authors: Tao Gao , Jingtao Liu , Xiao Yu , Ling Kang , Yida Fan , Yinghua Hu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFor forecasting strong dust storms in the central and western areas of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region an objective discrimination approach has been developed. The 37 strong dust‐storm events that occurred in this area during the last 40 years have been classified into four circulation patterns. Using the method suggested by Saaty (1996), a priority relationship matrix was set up and the discrimination function was then established. Depending on the function values, a judgement is then made about whether the real‐time situation belongs to any of the four patterns and, if so, to which one. If there is a match, then this typical event can be used as a basis for forecasting a strong dust storm. The successful application of this approach is demonstrated using results from 1998 and 2000. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Mouse Dendritic-Endothelial Cell Hybrids and 4-1BB Costimulation Elicit Antitumor Effects Mediated by Broad Antiangiogenic Immunity
Authors: Ko Eric , Luo Wei , Peng Liaomin , Wang Xinhui , Ferrone Soldano 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAntiangiogenic immunotherapy, which targets molecules critical to tumor angiogenesis, is expected to counteract the negative effect of tumor cell genetic instability on the outcome of immunotherapy targeting tumor antigens. Previously, targeting of individual angiogenic molecules has been shown to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and limit tumor growth. Nevertheless, this approach may be bypassed by redundant angiogenic pathways. To overcome this limitation, we have developed an immunization strategy targeting multiple molecules critical to angiogenesis. To this end, hybrids of dendritic cells (DC) and syngeneic endothelial cells (EC) were used as immunogens, because (a) whole EC express multiple molecules involved in angiogenesis and (b) DC tumor cell hybrids are effective in generating self-antigen–specific immune responses. The immunization strategy included the administration of an agonist 4-1BB–specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), because it augments self-antigen–specific immune responses elicited by DC hybrids. Immunization of mice with DC-EC hybrids and 4-1BB–specific mAb inhibited the growth of B16.F10 melanoma and MC38 colon adenocarcinoma tumors. This effect is mediated by EC-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, which markedly inhibited tumor angiogenesis. No therapy-related side effects, except minor and transient hematologic changes, were observed. Our findings represent a useful background for the design of antiangiogenic immunotherapeutic strategies to control tumor growth in a clinical setting. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7875–84]