bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glassy‐Crystalline Nanostructured Polymers Via Reactive Blending
Authors: Iliopoulos Ilias , Leibler Ludwik , Freluche Mathilde , Flat Jean‐Jacques , Gerard Pierre 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNanostructured glassy‐crystalline blends were obtained by reactive blending of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly‐(n‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (MBM) triblock copolymer, with polyamide‐6 (PA). The PMMA chain, or block, contains a low fraction of glutaric anhydride units which are strongly reactive toward the terminal amino group of PA. Under the blending conditions the grafting reaction is very efficient leading to a high fraction of graft copolymer. When the PA is short, Mn = 2500, nanostructured blends are obtained with both PMMA and MBM while for longer PA, Mn = 15000, nanostructures form only with the triblock MBM copolymer. The intrinsic property of MBM to self‐organize in lamellar‐like morphology seems to favour the nanostructure formation in the final blend. The resulting materials exhibit unique properties such as transparency, creep resistance and solvent resistance.
Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs): High Free Volume Polymers for Membrane Applications
Authors: Budd Peter M. , McKeown Neil B. , Fritsch Detlev 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe are developing new types of polymer – termed polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) – which in the solid state behave like molecular sieves. As pervaporation membranes, they show selectivity for organics over water. As gas separation membranes, they exhibit a remarkable combination of high permeability and good selectivity for gas pairs such as O2/N2.
Sulfonated SEBS Membranes for HVAC Systems
Authors: Hwang Hae Young , Ha Seong Yong , Nam Sang Yong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of partially sulfonated SEBS(polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene‐r‐butylene)‐ b‐polystyrene) was synthesized. The sulfonation degree of the sulfonated SEBS, that reacted with acetyl sulfate, was characterized by FT‐IR and elementary analysis. Water permeability, water sorption (which strongly affect proton conductivity), and DSC (to determine the amount of bound water and free water) were investigated for application of sulfonated SEBS for HVAC system. It was observed that increasing sulfonation degree water permeability, water sorption, and bound water content increased. It revealed that sulfonation of SEBS membrane contributes to elevate hydrogen bonding between water vapour and hydrophilic polymer.
Oligomerization of Bovine Hemoglobin and Characterization of the Potential Blood Substitutes
Authors: Lima Maria Celiana Pinheiro , Pinto Patrícia Reis , Andrade Cristina Tristão 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBovine hemoglobin (HbBv) was isolated from whole blood and additionally purified by anion exchange chromatography. To obtain derivatives potentially suitable as oxygen carriers, oxidized trehalose was used as cross‐linking reagent. Intra‐ and intermolecular bonds were formed by reaction between reactive aldehyde groups of oxidized trehalose and primary amine groups on the protein surface. After reduction of the Schiff bases formed, the HbBv derivatives were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrophoresis and by ultraviolet spectroscopy to evaluate methemoglobin contents.
Solid State Nitric Oxide Sensor Using a Latex Rubber Matrix
Authors: Herculano R. D. , Brunello C. A. , Graeff C. F. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this work we propose a sensor made of a spin trap (iron(II)‐diethyldithiocarbamate complex, FeDETC) encapsulated in a latex rubber matrix. Latex was used as solid matrix due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and natural angiogenic properties. The fabrication and optimization processes were done by varying: FeCl36H2O and DETC concentrations in the system, polymerization temperature, FeDETC/latex ratio. The sensor presents high stability, the observed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance signal can be detected even after the sensor is exposed to ambient atmosphere for 40 days. It can be reused and is able to measure NO concentration as low as 0,1 mM. These results make NO‐FeDETC in the rubber matrix a promising NO sensor.
Preparation of Biocompatible Materials and Their Evaluation
Authors: Nakabayashi Nobuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiomedical application of polymers is an important topicin polymer society. Firstly, we have applied polymers developed for general usage. There has also been a need to prepare speciallydesigned polymers to substitute or assist lost or diseased function of tissues and organs to improve quality of patients' lives. There was a big demand for non‐thrombogenic materials to develop artificialheart. 2‐Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was prepared and functions of MPC copolymers were evaluated. MPC is a promising methacrylate to develop several advanced artificialorgans and therapeutic instruments requiring fouling‐free, bloodcompatibility, permeability, biocompatibility, etc.
The Influence of the Chemical Additives in Polystyrene on the Features of Flocculants Obtained during Sulphonation of the Polystyrene
Authors: Sułkowski Wiesłw W. , Wolińska Agnieszka , Pentak Danuta , Maślanka Sławomir , Sułkowska Anna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSumary: One of the ways of polymer waste management is its chemical modification. Waste polystyrene foam (EPS) and virgin polystyrene (VPS) as reference material were converted into polymeric flocculants by chemical reactions. One of the most popular and widely used procedures to follow the flocculation kinetics is the monitoring of the turbidity as a function of the polyelectrolyte dosage. The application of the obtained products caused a significant decrease of turbidity of the studied solutions. The products were successfully used as flocculants in the treatment of waste water. A colloid system composed of ferrum(III) hydroxide formed the discharge model.
Reinforcing of Elastomers with Mesoporous Silica
Authors: León D. Pérez , Luis F. Giraldo , Betty L. López , Hess Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbstract: Mesoporous silica is used as filler for styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR); filler–polymer interactions are compared with those exhibited when commercial ultrasil silica (VN3) is used. A silane coupling agent is added to improve the filler dispersion and its influence on the bound rubber formation is also investigated before vulcanization. The bound rubber content is higher for the mesoporous silica and increases further for the sample containing alquil silanes improving the mechanical properties. For vulcanized samples, the reinforcing is measured by the vulcanization degree and the mechanical properties. The swelling degree, elastic modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) are higher for samples containing mesoporous silica and increased by the use of organosilane (bis‐ trietoxisililpropil tetrasulfano (TESPT) or bis‐trietoxisililpropil disulfano (TESPD) during vulcanization. The vulcanization kinetics of the SBR is evaluated by rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The vulcanization rate is higher for the rubber filled with mesoporous silica indicating its autocatalytic effect. This can be explained by chemical interactions between the filler and rubber and the penetration of the rubber chains into the mesopore.
Various Ways to Reduce Zinc Oxide Levels in S‐SBR Rubber Compounds
Authors: Heideman Geert , Noordermeer Jacques W.M. , Datta Rabin N. , van Baarle Ben 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause of environmental concerns, the zinc content in rubber compounds has come under scrutiny. The research described in this article encompasses zinc‐oxide, various zinc‐complexes and alternative metal oxides as activators for sulphur vulcanisation. Regarding zinc complexes, it can be concluded that zinc‐ m‐glycerolate is a good substitute for ZnO as activator for sulphur vulcanisation in s‐SBR rubber, without detrimental effects on the cure characteristics. Of particular interest is also the positive effect of CaO and MgO in s‐SBR, while BaO, Cu(II)O and BeO hardly show any activation. The present article also reports on the application of a novel activator for sulphur vulcanisation: ZnClay. Results with s‐SBR rubber demonstrate, that this ZnClay can substitute conventional ZnO, retaining the curing and physical properties of the rubber products, while significantly reducing the environmental impact. A reduction of the zinc concentration with a factor 10 to 20 can be realised. Model Compound Vulcanisation studies are used to gain insight into the mechanism of this activator.
MRI of intravenously injected bone marrow cells homing to the site of injured arteries
Authors: Gao Fabao , Kar Sourav , Zhang Jiangyang , Qiu Bensheng , Walczak Piotr , Larabi Malika , Xue Rong , Frost Emma , Qian Zhiping , Bulte Jeff W. M. , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the feasibility of using MRI to detect magnetically labeled, intravenously injected bone marrow (BM) cells homing to injured arteries. In the first phase, BM cells from LacZ‐transgenic or green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐transgenic mice were transplanted into eight recipient mice. The left femoral arteries of recipient mice were injured using a cuff‐constriction or endothelium‐damage approach, and the right femoral arteries were uninjured to serve as controls. The location and distribution of migrated LacZ‐BM or GFP‐BM cells were confirmed with histology. In the second phase, BM‐derived cells from LacZ‐transgenic mice were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (Feridex) and then transplanted into eight recipient mice with cuff‐induced injuries in the left femoral arteries. Migrated Feridex/LacZ‐BM cells were monitored in vivo using a 4.7 T MR scanner. Subsequently, high‐resolution ex vivo MRI was performed on 9.4 T and 11.7 T. LacZ‐positive or GFP‐positive cells in the thickened adventitia of the injured arteries were evident on histology. Both in vivo and ex vivo MRI showed larger regions of hypointensity with Feridex‐labeled cells at the sites of the injured arteries compared with control arteries (P < 0.01). This study provides initial evidence that may support the potential use of MRI to detect homing of intravenously injected BM cells to injured arteries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neurological basis of occupation
Authors: Gutman Sharon A , Schindler Victoria P 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper was to survey the literature about the neurological basis of human activity and its relationship to occupation and health. Activities related to neurological function were organized into three categories: those that activate the brain's reward system; those that promote the relaxation response; and those that preserve cognitive function into old age. The results from the literature review correlating neurological evidence and activities showed that purposeful and meaningful activities could counter the effects of stress‐related diseases and reduce the risk for dementia. Specifically, it was found that music, drawing, meditation, reading, arts and crafts, and home repairs, for example, can stimulate the neurogical system and enhance health and well‐being, Prospective research studies are needed to examine the effects of purposeful activities on reducing stress and slowing the rate of cognitive decline. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of energy policies for promotion and dissemination of photovoltaic technology in Italy
Authors: Aste N. , Adhikari R. S. , Tagliabue L. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present paper describes three case studies of photovoltaic installation integrated in shelters and realised between 2003 and 2005 under the Italian national financing programme Tetti Fotovoltaici (PV Roofs) based on Subsidy Grant Scheme. These multifunctional shelters, located near to school buildings, offer a suitable protection for bicycles and motorbikes of the students and the employees of the schools and, at the same time, produce electric energy from photovoltaic modules integrated in the roof of the structure. Based on net present value (NPV) calculations, an economical feasibility analysis is carried out for these three PV installations. Further, for a comparison purpose, the calculations have also been made considering (hypothetically) if these systems were realised under the new Italian financing programme Conto Energia, based on Feed in Tariffs Scheme, recently launched in Italy and substitutive of the previous one. For the environmental benefits derived from these plants, also the preliminary results are presented on the avoided GHG emission to the atmosphere. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping the 5–50‐kDa fraction of human amniotic fluid proteins by 2‐DE and ESI‐MS
Authors: Gianazza Elisabetta , Wait Robin , Begum Shaina , Eberini Ivano , Campagnoli Monica , Labò Sara , Galliano Monica 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report presents a proteomic analysis and provides a reference map of the 5–50‐kDa components of normal amniotic fluid collected in gestational weeks 16–18. Early amniocentesis samples were pooled and proteins with molecular mass lower than albumin were separated by gel filtration chromatography. The 2‐DE protocol was optimized for the separation of the small proteins and peptides in the fraction of interest. A total of 132 Coomassie blue‐stained protein spots were analyzed, following in‐gel tryptic digestion, by ESI‐MS/MS and 49 different gene products were identified. The treatment with alkaline phosphatase caused the shift of the phosphoisoforms of insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐1 and of the N‐terminal osteopontin fragment. Of the 33 full‐length proteins identified in the 2‐DE profile, 23 had not been previously detected in the amniotic fluid and, of these, 22 are not present in the human plasma proteome under physiological conditions. Fragments of 16 larger proteins were identified and the sequence coverage data revealed that several correspond to autonomous domains that may have biological roles on their own. Several of the detected proteins and peptides appear to be involved in critical regulatory processes associated with placentation and early development, thus representing potential markers of various physiological or pathological conditions.
Spin‐Hall effect in a finite 2D Rashba electron system
Authors: Liu S. Y. , Horing Norman J. M. , Lei X. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe spin‐Hall effect in semiconductors with spin‐orbit coupling has been extensively investigated recently. However, such spin‐Hall current was shown to vanish quite generally in the diffusive regime in infinitely large two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors with Rashba spin‐orbit interaction. Here, employing a kinetic equation approach, we investigate the spin‐Hall effect in finite‐size Rashba 2D semiconductors. We find that the fluctuation of electron density near the sample boundaries may give rise to a nonvanishing spin polarization, notwithstanding the vanishing of spin‐Hall current. With decreasing impurity density, the spin polarization increases. Our result indicates that the spin‐Hall current does not directly relate to spin accumulation, the latter of which may be observed experimentally. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selective deposition of gold nanoparticles using Van der Waals interactions
Authors: Viallet B. , Ressier L. , Grisolia J. , Peyrade J. P. , Podgajny R. , Amiens C. , van den Boogaart M. A. F. , Brugger J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGold nanoparticles with hydrophobic surface have been deposited on a silicon substrate chemically patterned by reactive ion etching through a stencil mask and chemical vapour deposition of alkyl silanes. After deposition by dipping and adequate rinsing, the density of nanoparticles was found twice higher on the chemical patterns due to a difference of solvent affinity between patterned and bare silica. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interaction of amylopectin with monoglycerides in model systems
Authors: Batres Lilian V. , White Pamela J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of glyceryl monomyristate (GMM), glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS) to form insoluble complexes with amylopectin was studied in model systems. Amylopectin complexed to the greatest extent with GMP, followed by GMM and GMS, respectively. The degree of complex formation was statistically different (p<0.01) among monoglycerides. Iodimetric titrations of the complexes showed that the presence of GMP and GMM in the model systems significantly (p<0.01) decreased the iodine affinity of the amylopectin when compared with the control. The presence of GMS in the model systems decreased the iodine affinity of the amylopectin slightly but not with statistical significance. The decrease in iodine affinity caused by the three monoglycerides was statistically different (p<0.01) among treatments. There was a negative linear relationship between the yield of complex and the amount of monoglyceride (MG) and the iodine affinity of the complexes. No conclusion about the nature of the interaction between amylopectin and the MG could be made by doing infrared and NMR analyses of the model systems.
Fractionation of commercial frying oil samples using sep‐pak cartridges
Authors: Sebedio J. L. , Septier Ch. , Grandgirard A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCommercial frying oil samples were fractionated by column chromatography on hydrated silicic acid according to the standardized DGF‐IUPAC‐AOAC method. The non‐polar fraction was isolated using a mixture of petroleum ether:diethyl ether (87:13), while the polar fraction was eluted by diethyl ether. These used frying oil samples were also fractionated using Sep‐Pak cartridges. The non‐polar fraction was eluted with 20 ml of a mixture of petroleum ether:diethyl ether (92:8), while the polar fraction was eluted with methanol.The purity of each fraction was studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and by the Iatroscan TLC/FID system using a mixture of hexane:tetrahydrofuran:acetic acid (97:3:1) as solvent system.The Sep‐Pak and the standardized methods gave similar results. This indicates that the state of degradation of a frying oil (detection of polar components) could be studied using Sep‐Pak cartridges, which is less time‐ and solvent‐consuming than column chromatography.
Diozonide of jojoba wax as intermediate for synthesis
Authors: Zabicky Jacob , Mhasalkar Moshe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractJojoba wax reacts with ozone yielding diozonide, which is a viable synthetic intermediate. The diozonide of jojoba wax is a white solid of low titre which decomposes violently around 110–120 C. We have studied several synthetic methods based on the diozonide, such as the preparation of dialdehyde; the corresponding dicarboxylic acid, and derivatives of the latter, such as metal soaps, esters and polyesters. Many additional paths may start from the diozonide intermediate and its derivatives.
Monomeric N‐hydroxyethylated amides
Authors: Sonnet Philip E. , Piotrowski Edwin G. , Wise William B. , Micich Thomas J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOxyethylated amides that are good wetting agents have been prepared as mixtures by allowing amides to react with ethylene oxide under base catalysis. Individual components of such mixtures can be synthesized by allowing 1‐alkylaziridines to react with p‐toluenesulfonic acid in monomethylethers of di‐, tri‐ and tetraethylene glycol used as solvents. The aminoethers are then acylated, and the methylether group is removed with trimethylsilyliodide from the resulting amide ethers. The sequence should allow the synthesis of specific wetting agents of quite varied structure (alkyl, aryl groups) with an option for isotopic labeling for more detailed analysis of the wetting properties.
Synthesis and properties of new cationic surfactants
Authors: Pegiadou‐Koemtjopoulou S. , Tsatsaroni E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNew pyrimidinium cationic surfactants containing a positively charged nitrogen atom of the pyrimidine ring and a long‐chain alkyl group of 6,8,10,12,14 carbon atoms were prepared. The structural assignment of these compounds was made on the basis of the elemental analysis and spectroscopic data, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Surface tension and after‐treatment of direct dyed cotton fabrics were determined for these surfactants. Antibacterial activities also were examined.
The determination of tocopherol content during the commercial processing of soybean oil
Authors: Rawlings H. W. , Kuhrt Noel H. , Baxter J. G. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA method for the analysis of the total tocopherols in soybean oil has been presented, and judged by distillation and other procedures is estimated to be accurate to within 10%. A discussion is made of the tocopherol to within 10%. A discussion is made of the tocopherol losses in various steps of soybean oil refining.
Temperature and frequency dependence of ultrasonic velocity and absorption in sperm and seal oils
Authors: Kuo Hung‐Liang , Weng Jung‐Shien 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe variation of ultrasonic velocity and absorption in sperm oil and seal oil with temperature range of 5–55 C and frequency range of 1.5–60 MHz are measured. In both oils, the velocity increases ca. linearly with decreasing temperature and increases with increasing frequency; the absorption increases not only with decreasing temperature but also with decreasing frequency.
Gas‐liquid chromatography of hydroxy fatty esters: Comparison of trifluoroacetyl and trimethylsilyl derivatives
Authors: Freedman Bernard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransformations of hydroxy to keto fatty esters have been monitored successfully by converting the hydroxy compounds to their trifluoroacetyl (TFA) or trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives followed by gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC). The TFA derivatives have shorter retention times, are better separated from the keto esters, and permit more complete resolution of saturated and unsaturated hydroxy fatty esters than the TMS derivatives. Improved methods for derivative preparation which are rapid and convenient are described. Methyl dimorphecolate (methyl 9‐hydroxy‐trans,trans,10,12‐octadecadienoate), which is thermally unstable and cannot be chromatographed as the trifluoroacetate or free hydroxy compound, was chromatographed satisfactorily as the trimethylsilyl ether.