bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THREE MEXICAN AVENEAE AND SOME NEW CHARACTERS FOR DISTINGUISHINGDESCHAMPSIAANDTRISETUM(GRAMINEAE)
Authors: Koch Stephen D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe generaDeschampsiaandTrisetumwere found to be clearly distinct with respect to 13 characteristics of the lemmas, caryopses, lodicules, ligules, basal culm branching and chromosome number. Of these, the type of endosperm and lodicule morphology were found to be the most reliable. Comparison ofDeschampsia mexicana, D. pringlei, andPeyritschia koelerioideswith these two genera on the basis of the 13 characters showed that all three are closely related toTrisetum.The application of McVaugh's criteria for segregate genera resulted in the retention ofPeyritschiaas distinct fromTrisetum, but with the addition of the formerDeschampsia pringlei. Deschampsia mexicanawas transferred toTrisetum.New names:Peyritschia pringlei(Scribn.) S. D. Koch;Trisetum mexicanum(Swallen) S. D. Koch.ResumenSe encontró que los génerosTrisetumyDeschampsiason muy diferentes, tomando como base a 13 características encontradas en las lemas, cariopses, lodículos, lígulas, ramificación de la parte basal de los culmos y número de cromosomas. Entre éstas, se encontró que el tipo de endosperma y la morfología de las lodículas son las mas confiables. Se utilizó estos 13 carácteres para compararDeschampsia mexicana, D. pringlei, yPeyritschia koelerioidescon las especies típicas de aquellos dos géneros. Se concluyó que las tres estén muy relacionadas conTrisetum.Como resultado de la aplicación de los criterios de McVaugh para géneros segregados, quedó el géneroPeyritschiaseparado deTrisetum, pero con la adición deDeschampsia pringlei.Se cambióDeschampsia mexicanaaTrisetum.Nombres nuevos:Peyritschia pringlei(Scribn.) S. D. Koch;Trisetum mexicanum(Swallen) S. D. Koch.
THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PRESERVATIONS ON PLANT COLLECTIONS TO BE USED IN CHEMOTAXONOMIC SURVEYS
Authors: Coradin Lidio , Giannasi David E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe absence of flavonoids in otherwise perfectly preserved tropical plant specimens suggest that chemical solutions used to preserve these specimens in the field are responsible for the removal (i.e. pre‐extraction) of flavonoids during pressing and storage in the field. Accordingly, seventeen temperate plant taxa representing two fem and nine angiosperm families were subjected to collecting procedures and preservative solutions typically used in tropical field work. These solutions, especially those containing formaldehyde, effectively “pre‐extracted” flavonoids and other phenolics from plants placed in presses and stored in plastic bags, and the newspaper blotter in which the chemically treated specimen had been stored could also be extracted and upon two‐dimensional paper chromatography show a partial flavonoid “profile” of spots corresponding to that observed in the “donor” species. Direct extraction of fresh or dried material in flasks with any of the common preservatives used confirms that all of these solutions are highly effective in extracting flavonoids. It is recommended that chemical preservatives not be employed indiscriminately on plant material to be used later in chemotaxonomic surveys.
REMARKS ON ALGAL NOMENCLATURE VI
Authors: Silva Paul C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirty‐nine generic names of living algae are formally proposed for conservation. Two new combinations are made, Hormiscia gregaria (Braun) P. C. Silva, replacing H. neglecta Kornmann in connection with the proposal to conserve Urospora, and Desmococcus viridis (C. Agardh) P. C. Silva, replacing D. vulgaris Brand in connection with the proposal to conserve Chlamydomonas.
TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE OF FOSSIL POLLEN FROM THE TERTIARY
Authors: Boulter Michael C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWhen names are given to dispersed fossil pollen and spores from the Tertiary, fundamental questions are raised concerning the relationships to modern forms and the effects on taxonomy of the detachment of plant parts. Through the stimulus of increasing international co‐operation, this article attempts to review the response to these factors by Tertiary palynologists over the last 30 years, and examines the problems involved from basic principles. Arguments are presented to encourage the inclusion of details of the geological age in the description of the fossil taxa, so as to help understand evolutionary and stratigraphic processes. It is also thought to be useful to make taxonomic distinction between fossil and modern forms unless there is scientific evidence available to prove similarity. It is important for full discussion to take place before formal changes are made to the Code, and that any alterations are simple and compatible with previous work.
NOMENCLATURE OFBOMBAX, CEIBA(BOMBACACEAE) ANDCOCHLOSPERMUM(COCHLOSPERMACEAE) AND THEIR TYPE SPECIES
Authors: Nicolson Dan H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryConservation ofBombax ceibaLinnaeus as the type species ofBombaxLinnaeus is proposed because the type of the species is contrary to the original generic description. Revision of the citation of the type species ofCochlospermumKunth., nom. cons., is proposed in order to reflect the fact that the type species,Bombax gossypiumLinnaeus, is an illegitimate renaming ofBombax religiosumLinnaeus. Discussions are given of the typification of the three species originally included inBombaxby Linnaeus, each of which has become the type of a generic name, i.e.,BombaxLinnaeus,CochlospermumKunth, andCeibaMiller.
GLEDITSIA CASPIA, NOT A DISTINCT SPECIES (LEGUMINOSAE)
Authors: Pack J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe so‐called Caspian Locust is morphologically so closely related to Gleditsia horrida (Thunb.) Miq. from Japan that it has been considered by C. K. Schneider merely as a variety of the latter. Legumes of both taxa were compared without finding differences. It is pointed out that laterally setose legumes as that figured recently by Dudik, do not occur in G. horrida. The area of distribution, both present and past, of relict laurel‐type forests is discussed with the conclusion that G. caspia Desf. is best regarded as a subspecies of G. horrida; three necessary new combinations are made in an Appendix.
SEROLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS OF THE TRIBE GENISTEAE (FABACEAE)
Authors: Cristofolini Giovanni , Chiapella Laura Feoli 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn order to assess the systematic relations within the tribe Genisteae, the water‐soluble seed proteins of 45 species have been studied serologically. The reaction was tested by immunodiffusion and the results have been processed by cluster analysis and by principal component analysis.Based on these data, the genus Cytisus s.l. (incl. Chamaecytisus, Sarothamnus and Corothamnus) represents a single homogeneous unit, except for C. sessilifolius, which appears to be more closely related to Laburnum and to Genista than to the other species of Cytisus. Also, C. emeriflorus is very similar to Lembotropis nigricans; its inclusion in the genus Lembotropis is sustained.Genista is much more complex; its section Asterospartum should be segregated as the genus Cytisanthus Lang, being internally homogeneous, distinct from all other sections and fairly close to Lygos. A new combination, Cytisanthus aetnensis (Biv.) comb, nova, is published. Genista pilosa and G. anglica seem very much isolated, but the authors do not intend to propose here a new taxonomic rank, due to the scarcity of data. Teline is very similar to Genista. Even more similar to Genista is Chamaespartium sagittale, which biochemically and morphologically fits very well in the subgenus Genista, in spite of its winged stem.In a general arrangement of the tribe, two groups of genera represent the extreme points of diversification: (1) Cytisus‐Lembotropis‐Calycotome and (2) Genista‐Teline‐Petteria‐Spartium and (with decreasing similarity) Cytisanthus and Lygos. Between these two groups there are a series of intermediate genera, that may be placed in one group or the other depending on the method of analysis: Adenocarpus, Argyrolobium (both of them should be included in the tribe), Cytisus sessilifolius and Laburnum. Ulex and Lupinus are very dissimilar from all other genera.
NICKEL ACCUMULATION BY SPECIES OF PELTARIA JACQ. (CRUCIFERAE)
Authors: Reeves Roger D. , Brooks Robert R. , Press J. Robert 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe species Peltaria emarginata (Boiss.) Hausskn., from areas of serpentine in northern Greece and Euboea, has been found to accumulate extremely high concentrations of nickel, often exceeding 1% of the dry mass of the plant leaf. Extreme behaviour of this kind is not found in other species of Peltaria, nor in related genera such as Ricotia, even for those plants which have grown on a nickel‐rich substrate.Several herbarium specimens labelled Peltaria dumulosa Post have also been shown to have very high nickel levels. P. dumulosa appears never to have been described properly, and the specimens have now been identified as Alyssum samariferum Boiss. & Hausskn., a species in which nickel accumulation has been demonstrated previously.
GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ULMACEAE BASED ON FLAVONOID CHEMISTRY
Authors: Giannasi David E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe family Ulmaceae is most often treated as a single family with two subfamilies: The Ulmeae (Ulmoideae) and Celteae (Celtidoideae) or, more recently, as two separate families: the Ulmaceae and the Celtidaceae (sensu Grudzinskaya). A flavonoid survey of 80 species of Ulmaceae shows that each of the 19 genera is characterized by the production of flavonols (Ulmoid) or glycoflavones (Celtoid), but not both. Further, the arrangement of genera based on this flavonoid dichotomy is remarkably compatible with the generic assignments in Grudzinskaya's bifamilial concept of the Ulmaceae. The only exceptions are Ampelocera, Aphananthe, and Gironniera (in part), which are normally considered Celtoid but possess Ulmoid (flavonols) chemistry. However, recent anatomical and morphological studies of these three genera indicate that their relationship to the Celtoid line may not be as direct as has been supposed, a point also suggested by the flavonoid chemistry.
OBSERVACIONES BIOLOGICAS Y TAXONOMICAS SOBRE HYDROMYSTRIA LAEVIGATA (HYDROCHARITACEAE)
Authors: Hunziker Armando T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryObservations on living plants of Hydromystria laevigata found in an Argentinian site (Prov. Córdoba); a report on the germination of the seeds is also included, together with a short discussion on the differences between the monotypic genus Hydromystria and Limnobium, its boreal counterpart, also monotypic (L. spongia).
FLORAL ODORS AND QUANTITATIVE TAXONOMY OF MAGNOLIA AND LIRIODENDRON
Authors: Thien L. B. , Heimermann W. H. , Holman R. T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe eight species of Magnolia native to the United States are pollinated by a variety of beetles. Flower color as well as floral odors, produced primarily by the androphore, attract the insects. Analysis of the floral odors using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, indicates that aliphatic hydrocarbons, methyl esters and terpenes comprise the fragrances. A quantitative correlation of the species of Magnolia was developed utilizing the composition of the floral odors.
THE PROGYMNOSPERMOPSIDA: BUILDING A CONCEPT
Authors: Bonamo Patricia M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFifteen years have elapsed since the establishment of the Progymnospermopsida, a class of plants showing both pteridophytic reproduction and gymnospermous anatomy. Subsequent work has yielded many taxa ascribed to the group but only a few show the dual characteristics upon which the class was founded: Archaeopteris, Protopitys, Tetraxylopteris, Aneurophyton and Rellimia. Our concept of this extinct group must be based on these few genera. All five are similar in the branching pattern of their fructifications, dichotomous then pinnate. This is obvious in Tetraxylopteris, Rellimia and Protopitys, less so in Archaeopteris and Aneurophyton. The other taxa merely show similarities to one or another of the above, but not the combination of characters diagnostic of the group. They should be treated as form genera assigned only tentatively to the progymnosperms. Such isolated pieces of anatomy, vegetative axes and sporangial fragments add little to the concept. If incorrectly assigned, due to parallelisms in other plant groups, the evolutionary, ecological and stratigraphic value of the Progymnospermopsida would be obscured.
ON THE GENERIC STATUS OF SYMPHYSIA
Authors: Kloet S. P. Vander 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTransferring Symphysia to Vaccinium expands the circumscription of the latter in terms of pedicel morphology, calyx tube enlargement before anthesis, floral plasticity and seed shape. Although Vaccinium is a diverse genus comprising about 30 sections, adding Symphysia is tantamount to making the genus a dumping ground for any Vaccinieae of uncertain affinity.
THE CALIFORNIAN CLOSED CONE PINES (SUBSECTION OOCARPAE LITTLE AND CRITCHFIELD): A TAXONOMIC HISTORY AND REVIEW
Authors: Millar Constance I. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOf the seven pines that compose subsection Oocarpae (Little and Critchfield) in the genus Pinus, only the three Californian species form a coherent group, while the other four differ from each other and from the Californian species. Traits of the Californian species (Pinus radiata, P. muricata, P. attenuata) vary in complex geographic patterns, a situation that has led to nomenclatural confusion. Modern studies of genetic varation clarified some relationships among the taxa and uncovered other new problems. The taxonomic history and present status are reviewed and discussed. Monterey pine has been described as Pinus californiana, P. adunca, P. Montereyensis, P. monteragensis, P. Sinclairii, P. tuberculata, P. insignis, and P. radiata. Numerous varietal names for the mainland populations were described, then dropped. Current understanding of this species describes pines at Año Nuevo, Monterey, and Cambria as P. radiata var. radiata, pines on Guadalupe Is. as P. radiata var. binata, and on Cedros Is. as P. radiata var. cedrosensis. Complex variation in bishop pine led populations of that species to be called P. insignis, P. Edgariana, P. murrayana, P. contorta, and P. muricata. Present taxonomy describes central and southern populations as P. muricata var. muricata, populations north of (and including a few individuals at) Monterey as P. muricata var. borealis. The status of two cone variants, P. muricata var. stantonii and P. remorata is disputed on the basis of relationships among other traits. The latter appears to be a variant of bishop pine. Knobcone pine has been described as P. californica, P. tuberculata and P. attenuata. Only the latter name is currently used.
PRESERVATION OF HERBARIUM SPECIMENS: AN ARCHIVE CONSERVATOR'S APPROACH
Authors: Clark Susie H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPaper conservation techniques were successfully used to restore severely flood‐damaged herbarium specimens from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. A conservation assessment of the materials used for specimen preservation is made; some were found to be particularly unsuitable where permanence is required. Recommendations are given for improving general herbarium methods of specimen preservation.
THE TYPIFICATION AND STATUS OF THE NAMECHAETANGIUM(ALGAE)
Authors: Parkinson P. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe nomenclatural problems connected with the nameChaetangiumare resolved by abandoning this name and proposing the conservation ofSuhriaagainst it, the adoption of a new family name to replace Chaetangiaceae Kuetzing, and the re‐adoption of the old nameNothogeniaMontagne (to replaceChaetangiumin its established application), with six recombinations:Nothogenia fastigiata, N. pulvinata, N. cornea, N. pseudosaccata, N. erinaceaandN. ovalis.The homonymy ofErinaceaLamouroux (1824) andErinaceaLink (1831) is discussed and the suggestion is made to conserveErinaceaLink.
NOMENCLATURAL AND TAXONOMIC NOTES ONDILSEAANDNEODILSEA(DUMONTIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA)
Authors: Lindstrom Sandra C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe genusDilseaStackhouse (1809, p. 55) currently contains two species,D. carnosa(Schmidel) Kuntze (1898, p. 404) andD. californica(J. Agardh) Kuntze (1891, p. 892); the genusNeodilseaTokida (1943, p. 96) encompasses six species,N. americanaAbbott (1968, p. 187),N. crispataMasuda (1973a, p. 37),N. integra(Kjellman) Zinova (1961, p. 84),N. natashaeLindstrom (1984, p. 29),N. tenuipesYamada et Mikami in Mikami (1954, p. 83), andN. yendoanaTokida (1943, p. 96). Masuda (1973b, p. 468) describedN. integravar.longissima, and Abbott (1982, p. 301) made the combinationN. araneosaforAbbotia araneosaPerestenko (1975, p. 1686). I discuss the use of the nameDilsea carnosarather thanD. edulis(Stackhouse) Stackhouse (1809, p. 55) and argue for the reinstatement ofNeodilsea integrainDilseaasD. integra(Kjellman) Rosenvinge (1898, p. 19).Neodilsea longissima(Masuda) comb. nov. is proposed forN. integravar.longissima, andN. borealis(Abbott) comb. nov. is proposed forSchizymenia borealis, an earlier name forN. americana. Neodilsea araneosais removed from the Dumontiaceae to the Cryptonemiaceae; its correct name isNeoabbottiella araneosa(Perestenko) comb. nov. Lectotypes are designated forD. integra(asKallymenia?integra),N. borealis(asSchizymenia borealis), andN. yendoana.
A NEW METHOD FOR ESTIMATING KARYOTYPE ASYMMETRY
Authors: Zarco Carlos Romero 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo numerical parameters are used to estimate the karyotype asymmetry in twenty‐two taxa of the tribe Aveneae (Gramineae) from the Iberian Peninsula and Baleares. The new method is useful when there are only slight differences in karyotype asymmetry and when karyograms or idiograms are available.
TYPIFICATION OF NAMES IN CERATOZAMIA BRONGN., DION LINDL., AND MICROCYCAS A. DC. (ZAMIACEAE)
Authors: Stevenson Dennis Wm. , Sabato Sergio 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAll valid combinations in the genera Ceratozamia, Dion, and Microcycas are presented. The holotypes are identified, and, in those cases where no holotype has been found, a lectotype or neotype is designated.
INCONGRUENCE BETWEEN GAMETOPHYTIC AND SPOROPHYTIC CLASSIFICATIONS IN MOSSES
Authors: Rohrer Joseph R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBryophyte systematists have long believed that because both the gametophytic and sporophytic generations are well developed and diverse, the classification of mosses presents difficulties not found in other plants. Often classifications based on the sporophyte are quite different from those based on the gametophyte. Following methods developed by Rohlf, the product–moment correlation between two matrices of similarity values was used as a numerical measure of congruence, and a randomization test was applied to assess its significance. The degree of incongruence between phenetic similarity matrices based independently on gametophytic and sporophytic characters was measured for three published data sets. The similarity matrix correlation coefficients range from 0.07 to 0.21, all indicating a high degree of incongruence. This incongruence is as great as or greater than that reported for classifications based on different life stages or body parts in other groups of plants and animals. For two of the three data sets studied, classifications based independently on gametophytic and sporophytic characters are significantly less congruent than classifications based on randomized subsets of the characters. The differences in phenetic relationships as expressed by the gametophytic and sporophytic generations thus appear to be real rather than being simply an artifact of splitting a homogeneous set of characters into two subsets.
A SUPRAGENERIC TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE HAMAMELIDACEAE
Authors: Endress Peter K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe first comprehensive suprageneric classification of the family Hamamelidaceae since the treatment by Harms (1930) is provided. Four subfamilies are recognized: Hamamelidoideae, Rhodoleioideae, Exbucklandioideae (incl. Disanthoideae and Mytilarioideae), and Altingioideae. The Hamamelidoideae contain four tribes: Hamamelideae, Corylopsideae, Eustigmateae, and Fothergilleae (incl. Distylieae). Within the Hamamelideae three subtribes are described: Hamamelidinae subtrib. nov., Loropetalinae subtrib. nov., and Dicoryphinae subtrib. nov.
Observations on the unique form of sweeping hairs on the styles of the Eremothamneae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Robinson Harold 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRobinson, H.: Observations on the unique form of sweeping hairs on the styles of the Eremothamneae (Asteraceae). ‐ Taxons: 199–200. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The same, unique type of stylar sweeping hairs that had been used in defining the originally monogeneric tribe Eremothamneae has been found in Hoplophyllum. This underscores the close relationship of Hoplophyllum and Eremothamnus and the distinctness of Eremothamneae to which they both belong.
Validation of Synchysidendron, gen. nov. (Fossiles)
Authors: DiMichele William A. , Bateman Richard M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDiMichele, W. A. & Bateman, R. M.: Validation of Synchysidendron, gen. nov. (Fossiles). – Taxon 42: 647–648. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Omission of the type citation in an earlier publication requires republication to validate the name of the genus Synchysidendron and of its constituent species, S. resinosum and S. dicentricum (Pennsylvanian lycopsids).
Pollination, adaptation and speciation models in the Cape flora of South Africa
Authors: Johnson Steven D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryJohnson, S. D.: Pollination, adaptation and speciation models in the Cape flora of South Africa. – Taxon 45: 59‐66. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Recent species definitions have placed emphasis on “diagnostic characters” rather than isolating mechanisms. Such characters can be informative about the evolutionary processes which lead to speciation in highly diversified plant groups, such as those found in the Cape floral region of South Africa. Rampant speciation in the Cape flora has often been attributed to heterogeneity of the physical environment, yet many large Cape genera show radiation in floral, rather than vegetative, characters, which suggests that adaptation to pollinators has played a major role in speciation. Selection for more efficient pollination systems in a pollinator‐limited context, rather than isolating mechanisms, is suggested to be the primary driving force behind floral evolution in the Cape flora.
IN SITU PRESERVATION OF DNA IN PLANT SPECIMENS
Authors: Pyle Marla Meeth , Adams Robert P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty‐seven treatments of plant specimens were examined to determine their effects on the quantity and quality of DNA obtained from spinach leaves. Treatments included various drying methods, cold storage, and chemical preservatives. Good yields of quality genomic DNA (30–50 kbp) were obtained from fresh, frozen, and dried leaves, but none of the chemical preservatives yielded high molecular weight DNA, even after only three to seven days of storage. The application of the hot CTAB procedure to fresh and dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus ashei, J. virginiana, Magnolia grandiflora, Phoradendron tomentosum. Pinus ponderosa, Quercus virginiana and Thuja orientalis, species that possess considerable tannins, yielded high molecular weight DNA from all the fresh leaves with some degradation. The dried leaves of Juniperus ashei, Quercus virginiana and Magnolia grandiflora yielded only small amounts of high molecular weight DNA with the hot CTAB extraction procedure.