bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nurse-led intervention for carers of people with high-grade glioma: A case series of carers reporting high distress
Authors: Halkett Georgia K B , McDougall Emma , Berg Melissa , Clarke Jenny , Dhillon Haryana M , Lobb Elizabeth , Phillips Jane L , Hudson Peter , Faris Mona M , Campbell Rachel , Shaw Joanne , Coyne Elisabeth , Kelly Brian , Ownsworth Tamara , Legge Dianne M , Nowak Anna K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Carers play an important role in supporting patients diagnosed with high-grade glioma (HGG). However, this experience is frequently distressing and many carers require support.

Objectives
To describe unmet needs of highly distressed carers of people with HGG and recommendations and referrals made by a nurse to support them within the Care-IS trial.

Methods
Descriptive case series. Carers of people with HGG in the Care-IS trial reporting severe anxiety and/or depression at baseline and/or 4 months and high distress at baseline (during chemoradiotherapy) and at 4 months were included. Carers completed the Partner and Caregiver Supportive Care Needs Scale and Brain Tumor Specific Unmet Needs Survey for carers at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. Monthly nurse telephone assessments documented carers’ needs, recommendations, and referrals made. Data are reported descriptively.

Results
Four highly distressed carers were identified (N = 98). Each reported a moderate-high need at ≥1 timepoint for: financial support and/or travel insurance; making life decisions in uncertainty; information about cancer prognosis/likely outcome; and coping with unexpected treatment outcomes. Specific brain tumor unmet needs were: adjusting to changes in personality, mental and thinking abilities, and accessing government assistance. Nurses provided information about treatment, side effects, and practical support. Recommendations for clinical care and referrals to community-based services, and medical specialists were offered.

Conclusions
Highly distressed carers have diverse support needs in many domains, which can change over time. Nurses were critical in identifying carers’ needs, providing support, and making referrals. Carers’ distress and needs require ongoing screening and management.
High-capacity dilithium hydroquinone cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lu Yong , Han Haoqin , Yang Zhuo , Ni Youxuan , Meng Zhicheng , Zhang Qiu , Wu Hao , Xie Weiwei , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Lithiated organic cathode materials show great promise for practical applications in lithium-ion batteries owing to their Li-reservoir characteristics. However, the reported lithiated organic cathode materials still suffer from strict synthesis conditions and low capacity. Here we report a thermal intermolecular rearrangement method without organic solvents to prepare dilithium hydroquinone (Li2Q), which delivers a high capacity of 323 mAh g−1 with an average discharge voltage of 2.8 V. The reversible conversion between orthorhombic Li2Q and monoclinic benzoquinone during charge/discharge processes is revealed by in situ X-ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations show that the unique Li–O channels in Li2Q are beneficial for Li+ ion diffusion. In situ ultraviolet-visible spectra demonstrate that the dissolution issue of Li2Q electrodes during charge/discharge processes can be handled by separator modification, resulting in enhanced cycling stability. This work sheds light on the synthesis and battery application of high-capacity lithiated organic cathode materials.
Towards rational design in electrochemical denitrification by analyzing pH dependence
Authors: Li Huan , Luan Dong , Long Jun , Fu Xiaoyan , Xiao Jianping 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
A small fraction of NOx (&lt;1%) always exists in CO2 feedstock (e.g. exhausted gas), which can significantly reduce the efficiency of CO2 electroreduction by ∼30%. Hence, electrochemical denitrification is the precondition of CO2 electroreduction. The pH effect is a key factor, and can be used to tune the selectivity between N2 and N2O production in electrochemical denitrification. However, there has been much controversy for many years about the origin of pH dependence in electrocatalysis. To this end, we present a new scheme to accurately model the pH dependence of the electrochemical mechanism. An extremely small pH variation from pH 12.7 to pH 14 can be accurately reproduced for N2O production. More importantly, the obviously different pH dependence of N2 production, compared to N2O, can be attributed to a cascade path. In other words, the N2 was produced from the secondary conversion of the as-produced N2O molecule (the major product), instead of the original reactant NO. This is further supported by more than 35 experiments over varying catalysts (Fe, Ni, Pd, Cu, Co, Pt and Ag), partial pressures (20%, 50% and 100%) and potentials (from −0.2 to 0.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). All in all, the insights herein overturn long-lasting views in the field of NO electroreduction and suggest that rational design should steer away from catalyst engineering toward reactor optimization.
Integrating Medical Librarians Into Infectious Disease Rounding Teams: Survey Results From a Pilot Implementation Study
Authors: Vogel Mia T , Yaeger Lauren H , Burnham Jason P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Medical librarians participating as infectious disease rounding team members add value by facilitating knowledge acquisition and dissemination and by improving clinical decision making. This pilot study implementing medical librarians on infectious disease rounding teams was a well-received and beneficial intervention to study participants.
Supporting the quality of deliberative democracy: The contribution of parliamentary library and research services
Authors: Alexander David A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite the significant role they are created to perform, to act as a source of independent information that informs the legislator about policy-choice, the parliamentary library and research service (PLRS) has been an underexplored component of legislatures within Europe. This article explores the Scottish Parliament Information Centre (SPICe), the Parliament’s combined library and research service, investigating how the unit fulfils an expert function, but also its contribution to deliberative democratic efforts. I find that the PLRS staff member could contribute to supporting the quality of deliberative devices, by lowering the cost of information for participants.
Saving, Inheritance and Future-Making in 1940s Kenya
Authors: Velasco Christian , Willis Justin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The colonial state in Kenya offered its African subjects a novel tool for imagining a future life. The Post Office Savings Bank (POSB) was meant to encourage ‘thrift’ — the postponement of consumption — and to play its part in a wider colonial project of turning disparate forms of value into money that could be gathered and used by the state. In practice, Kenya’s POSB was inaccessible and/or unappealing to many people: it disappointed official expectations at the time and has retrospectively been deemed a failure. Yet some colonial subjects, mostly literate men, were able to incorporate the paper passbook issued by the POSB into strategies for managing multiple forms of value in the context of long-standing debates over the circulation of wealth. The numbers written in their savings book became an additional resource in arguments over inheritance and accumulation as they, like others, looked for ways to channel and contain the possibilities created by money and new institutions of finance.
JOINTLESS Maintains Inflorescence Meristem Identity in Tomato
Authors: Huerga-Fernández Samuel , Detry Nathalie , Orman-Ligeza Beata , Bouché Frédéric , Hanikenne Marc , Périlleux Claire 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
JOINTLESS (J) was isolated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from mutants lacking a flower pedicel abscission zone (AZ) and encodes a MADS-box protein of the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE/AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 subfamily. The loss of J function also causes the return to leaf initiation in the inflorescences, indicating a pivotal role in inflorescence meristem identity. Here, we compared jointless (j) mutants in different accessions that exhibit either an indeterminate shoot growth, producing regular sympodial segments, or a determinate shoot growth, due to the reduction of sympodial segments and causal mutation of the SELF-PRUNING (SP) gene. We observed that the inflorescence phenotype of j mutants is stronger in indeterminate (SP) accessions such as Ailsa Craig (AC), than in determinate (sp) ones, such as Heinz (Hz). Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the return to vegetative fate in j mutants is accompanied by expression of SP, which supports conversion of the inflorescence meristem to sympodial shoot meristem in j inflorescences. Other markers of vegetative meristems such as APETALA2c and branching genes such as BRANCHED 1 (BRC1a/b) were differentially expressed in the inflorescences of j(AC) mutant. We also found in the indeterminate AC accession that J represses homeotic genes of B- and C-classes and that its overexpression causes an oversized leafy calyx phenotype and has a dominant negative effect on AZ formation. A model is therefore proposed where J, by repressing shoot fate and influencing reproductive organ formation, acts as a key determinant of inflorescence meristems.
The role of corticosterone in nevirapine-induced idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Jee Alison , Sernoskie Samantha Christine , Uetrecht Jack 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nevirapine, an antiretroviral used in the treatment of HIV, is associated with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI), a potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction. Its usage has decreased due to this concern, but it is still widely used in lower-resource settings. In general, the mechanisms underlying idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) are poorly understood, but evidence indicates that most are immune-mediated. There is very limited understanding of the early immune response following administration of drugs associated with IDRs, which likely occurs due to reactive metabolite formation. In this work, we aimed to characterize the links between covalent binding of nevirapine, the development of an early immune response, and the subsequent liver injury using a mouse model. We describe initial attempts to characterize an early immune response to nevirapine followed by the discovery that nevirapine induced the release of corticosterone. Corticosterone release was partially associated with the degree of drug covalent binding in the liver but was also likely mediated by additional mechanisms at higher drug doses. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed metabolic activation, glucocorticoid signaling, and decreased immune activation; GDF-15 also warrants further investigation as part of the immune response to nevirapine. Finally, glucocorticoid blockade preceding the first dose of nevirapine attenuated nevirapine-induced liver injury at 3 weeks, suggesting that acute glucocorticoid signaling is harmful in the context of nevirapine-induced liver injury. This work demonstrates that nevirapine induces acute corticosterone release, which contributes to delayed-onset liver injury. It also has implications for screening drug candidates for IDILI risk and preventing nevirapine-induced IDILI.
A long-snouted marine bonytongue (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) from the early Eocene of Morocco and the phylogenetic affinities of marine osteoglossids
Authors: Capobianco Alessio , Zouhri Samir , Friedman Matt 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Osteoglossid bonytongues (arapaimas, arowanas, and relatives) are extant tropical freshwater fishes with a relatively abundant and diverse fossil record. Most osteoglossid fossils come from a 25-million-year interval in the early Palaeogene, when these fishes were distributed worldwide in both freshwater and marine environments. Despite their biogeographic and palaeoecological relevance, and a relative abundance of well-preserved material, the evolutionary relationships between these Palaeogene forms and extant bonytongues remain unclear. Here we describe a new genus of bonytongue from early Eocene marine deposits of Morocco, represented by an articulated, three-dimensionally preserved skull with associated pectoral girdle. This taxon is characterized by an elongated snout, contrasting with the short jaws usually found in marine representatives of the clade. A revision of morphological characters in bonytongues allows us to place this new genus, together with other marine and freshwater Eocene taxa, within crown osteoglossids and closely related to extant arapaimines. The discovery of the new Moroccan taxon hints at a previously underestimated eco-morphological diversity of marine bonytongues, highlighting the diverse trophic niches that these fishes occupied in early Palaeogene seas.
Associations Between Body Image, Kinesiophobia, and Pain in Women Post-Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Smoot Betty J. , Nee Robert J. , Boyd Benjamin S. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with body image, kinesiophobia, pain severity, and pain interference in women following breast cancer (BrCA) treatment.

Methods:
A convenience sample of women (n = 160) post-BrCA treatment participated in this cross-sectional study. They completed demographic and clinical questionnaires and performed left/right judgment tasks (LRJTs). Regression analyses evaluated factors associated with the Body Image Scale, Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) pain severity subscale, and BPI pain interference subscale.

Results:
Higher quality of life (QoL) and older age were associated with better body image, while mastectomy and greater kinesiophobia were associated with worse body image. Higher QoL, better body image, more exercise time (minutes/week), and mastectomy were associated with less fear of movement. Slower chest LRJT response time, higher pain interference, and reconstructive surgery were associated with greater kinesiophobia. Higher QoL was associated with lower pain severity, while more exercise time was associated with higher pain severity. Higher QoL and slower chest LRJT response time were associated with lower pain interference. More exercise time and greater kinesiophobia were associated with greater pain interference.

Conclusion:
Poor body image and kinesiophobia are common in women after unilateral BrCA treatment. This study provides evidence on positive and negative associations between several factors associated with body image, fear of movement, pain severity, and pain interference in women following BrCA treatment. There is benefit to including assessment of these predictors and outcomes in research and clinical settings.
Precision Medicine for COVID-19 Based on the Inflammatory Response
Authors: Kothalkar Amol D. , Jambhale Dipali , Hingane Vinayak , Gore Satish , Deshpande Sudeep 
Published: April 2024

Background
The threat due to the global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demands a search for effective treatments to combat the severity of the infections and their associated morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. One of the medications with putative antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects is fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and σ-1 receptor agonist. A few studies have reported doses of 100–300 mg/day to be effective.

Aim
This retrospective study evaluates the outcomes of an individually tailored dosing strategy for fluvoxamine, based on measurements of inflammatory status, in treating COVID-19-positive individuals in India.

Methods
This study included patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection visiting the outpatient department of a super speciality hospital in India from February to July 2021. Fluvoxamine was initiated at 50 mg or 100 mg twice daily based on their individual C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer status. By day five, patients with rising or static levels of CRP and D-dimer were up-titrated.

Results
In a population of 104 individuals infected with COVID-19, 10 required up-titration of dose, and 94 patients did not need up-titration. Overall, there was very low mortality (N = 1) and hospitalization rate (8.7%). Those individuals who required an up-titration on day five had significantly elevated CRP and D-dimer levels compared to those who were maintained at the initial dose of 50 mg twice daily. In such patients, up-titration of the dose on day 5 appeared to offer better treatment benefits and outcomes. In our study population, there was only one mortality during the course of COVID-19.

Conclusions
Given the individual variability in the host immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, tailoring the dose of a drug such as fluvoxamine based on the inflammatory status of the individual may be beneficial. Individually tailored dosing could combat disease progression while reducing side effects.
A case of uveitis associated with novel corona-virus inactivated vaccine engineered CHO cells: A case report
Authors: Liu Caihui , Zhang Bozhou , Bao Tong , Mudoti Nyasha Grace , Liu Yihan , Zhang Xiaoguang , Yang Yajun , Pang Yunlei 
Published: April 2024

Rationale:
The pathogenesis and course of recombinant Corona Virus Disease 2019 vaccine (CHO cell) associated uveitis is rarely seen in clinical practice, thus, it is difficult and time-consuming to diagnose.

Patient concerns:
An adult female patient suffered from binocular visual impairment after receiving the Corona Virus Disease 2019 vaccine. The patient was healthy and had no family history of retinal dystrophy previously. This case showed the following features in multimodal imaging including scattered speckled fluorescein leakage was seen around the optic disc, and the leakage was slightly enhanced in the later stage. The macular area showed about 4 papillary diameter size discoid retinal detachment area fluorescein pool staining. Optical coherence tomography showed retinal choroidal folds above the optic disc, a small amount of fluid under the neuroepithelial layer, and serous detachment of the neuroepithelial layer in the macular area.

Diagnosis:
Posterior uveitis of both eyes.

Intervention:
Orally Maizhiling, Ginkgo biloba leaves, and multivitamins.

Outcome:
After treatment, the symptoms of the patient were significantly improved, and optical coherence tomography reexamination showed exudation had been absorbed.

Lessons:
The injection of a novel coronavirus-inactivated vaccine (CHO cell) can lead to potential uveitis disorders, which is worthy of clinical attention, but the prognosis of patients is good.
Gastric Leiomyosarcoma in Post–Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Era: Revisit
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Leng Bing 
Published: April 2024

Primary gastric leiomyosarcoma is an exceptionally rare disease. This review covers 41 post-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) era gastric leiomyosarcoma cases that are supported by immunohistochemistry markers. Other spindle cell lesions are also excluded through histological and immunohistochemistry evaluations. The patients range from 3 to 82 years old, with an average age of 54.6 years. The male-to-female ratio is 1.4:1, from diverse geographic areas. Patients may experience abdominal symptoms, and tumor sizes vary between 1 cm and 22 cm. Morphologically, tumors originate from the muscularis propria or the muscularis mucosae, well-circumscribed with spindle cells arranged in fascicule. Tumoral cells exhibit positivity for smooth muscle markers while being negative for GIST markers and others. The mitotic index ranges from 2 to 500/50 high power field. Ki-67 index varies from 15% to 70%. Management typically involves gastrectomy and other appropriate treatments, with tumor recurrence being uncommon. 56% of patients are alive, with 5 patients dying from this disease. Statistical analyses conducted on post-GIST era cases reveal that a mitotic index of ≥100/50 high power field, tumor recurrence, metastasis, or positive lymph nodes significantly correlate with prognosis.
Differential burden of HIV among adolescent girls and young women by places associated with sex work: an observational study in Mombasa, Kenya
Authors: BECKER Marissa , MISHRA Sharmistha , BHATTACHARJEE Parinita , MUSYOKI Helgar , TENNAKOON Aruni , LEUNG Stella , CHEUK Eve , LORWAY Rob , ISAC Shajy , MA Huiting , CHOLETTE Francois , SANDSTROM Paul , GICHANGI Peter , MWATELAH Ruth , MCKINNON Lyle , BLANCHARD James , PICKLES Michael ,   the Transitions Study Team
Published: April 2024

Background:
The design of HIV prevention programs for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are informed by data on who is at highest risk, and where they can be reached. Places (hotspots) associated with selling sex are an established outreach strategy for sex work programs, but could be used to reach other AGYW at high risk.

Setting:
This study took place in Mombasa, Kenya.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional, bio-behavioural survey among (N=1,193) sexually active AGYW aged 14-24 years recruited at hotspots. We compared HIV prevalence by sub-group (sex work, SW; transactional sex, TS; and non-transactional sex, NTS), stratified by hotspot type (venues and non-venues). We examined whether associations between HIV prevalence and hotspot/subgroup remained after adjustment for individual-level risk factors, and estimated HIV prevalence ratio (PR) with and without adjustment for these individual-level factors.

Results:
Overall HIV prevalence was 5.6%, 5.3% in venues and 7.3% in non-venues. Overall SW HIV prevalence was two-fold higher than among participants engaged in NTS. After adjusting for age and individual-level risk factors, HIV prevalence was 2.72 times higher among venue-based SWs (95% CI: 1.56-4.85) and 2.11 times higher among non-venue AGYW not engaged in SW (95% CI: 0.97-4.30) compared to venue-based AGYW not engaged in SW.

Conclusion:
AGYW who sell sex remain at high risk of HIV across types of hotspots. The residual pattern of elevated HIV burden by AGWY subgroup and hotspot type suggests that unmeasured, network-level factors underscore differential risks. As such, hotspots constitute a “place” to reach AGYW at high risk of HIV.