bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese visible human project
Authors: Zhang Shao‐Xiang , Heng Pheng‐Ann , Liu Zheng‐Jin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractResearch on the digital visible human is of great significance and has considerable application value. The US visible human project created the first digital image dataset of a complete human (one male and one female) in 1995. To promote worldwide application‐oriented visible human research, additional visible human datasets, representative of different populations of the world, are needed. The Chinese visible human (CVH) male (created in October 2002) and female (created in February 2003) Project achieved greater integrity of images, better blood vessel identification, and were free of organic disease. The most noteworthy technical advance of the Chinese visible human project (CVHP) was the construction of a low temperature laboratory, which prevented loss of small structures (including teeth, nasal conchae, and articular cartilage) from the milling surface. Thus, better integrity of images was achieved. To date, we have acquired five CVH datasets and volume rendered them for visualization on a PC. 3D reconstruction of some organs and structures has been completed and work to segment a complete dataset is under way. Although there is still a long way to go to make the visible human meet the application‐oriented needs in various fields, progress is being made toward acquiring new datasets, performing segmentation, and setting up a platform of computer‐assisted medicine. Here, we review the history and highlights of the CVHP and foresee its future development as well. Clin. Anat. 19:204–215, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The psoas quartus muscle
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Oakes W. Jerry , Salter E. George 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe report an unusual finding in an adult male cadaver. During the routine dissection of the posterior abdominal wall as part of an anatomy course at our institution, an anomalous muscle was noted. This muscle originated from the transverse process of the left L3 vertebrae and the medial aspect of the quadratus lumborum. We believe this muscle to represent a variety of the psoas quartus that, to our knowledge, has only been described once before in the extant medical literature. The presence of a psoas quartus muscle may contribute to femoral nerve compression. The clinician may wish to consider this rare muscular anomaly in patients with symptoms of femoral nerve compression in which no other clear etiology is found. Furthermore, clinicians who image the posterior abdominal wall should be aware of this potential anomaly when interpreting the anatomy of this region. Clin. Anat. 19:678–680, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photorealistic virtual anatomy based on Chinese Visible Human data
Authors: Heng P.A. , Zhang S.X. , Xie Y.M. , Wong T.T. , Chui Y.P. , Cheng C.Y. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractVirtual reality based learning of human anatomy is feasible when a database of 3D organ models is available for the learner to explore, visualize, and dissect in virtual space interactively. In this article, we present our latest work on photorealistic virtual anatomy applications based on the Chinese Visible Human (CVH) data. We have focused on the development of state‐of‐the‐art virtual environments that feature interactive photo‐realistic visualization and dissection of virtual anatomical models constructed from ultra‐high resolution CVH datasets. We also outline our latest progress in applying these highly accurate virtual and functional organ models to generate realistic look and feel to advanced surgical simulators. Clin Anat. 19:232–239, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the Architectures of Ferrichrome‐Type Siderophore Synthetases in Fungi
Authors: Schwecke Torsten , Göttling Kirsten , Durek Pawel , Dueñas Ines , Käufer Norbert F. , Zock‐Emmenthal Susanne , Staub Eike , Neuhof Torsten , Dieckmann Ralf , von Döhren Hans 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which possesses an unusual structure incorporating three adenylation domains, six thiolation domains and six condensation domains, has been shown to produce the cyclohexapeptide siderophore ferrichrome. One of the adenylation domains is truncated and contains a distorted key motif. Substrate‐binding specificities of the remaining two domains were assigned by molecular modelling to glycine and to N‐acetyl‐N‐hydroxy‐L‐ornithine. Hexapeptide siderophore synthetase genes of Magnaporthe grisea and Fusarium graminearum were both identified and analyzed with respect to substrate‐binding sites, and the predicted product ferricrocin was identified in each. A comparative analysis of these synthetase systems, including those of the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis, the homobasidiomycete Omphalotus olearius and the ascomycetes Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium graminearum, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Neurospora crassa and Aureobasidium pullulans, revealed divergent domain compositions with respect to their number and positioning, although all produce similar products by iterative processes. A phylogenetic analysis of both NRPSs and associated L‐N5‐ornithine monooxygenases revealed that ferrichrome‐type siderophore biosynthesis has coevolved in fungi with varying in trans interactions of NRPS domains.
On‐Bead Chemical Synthesis and Display of Phosphopeptides for Affinity Pull‐Down Proteomics
Authors: Brandt Malene , Madsen Jens C. , Bunkenborg Jakob , Jensen Ole N. , Gammeltoft Steen , Jensen Knud J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe describe a new method for phosphopeptide proteomics based on the solid‐phase synthesis of phosphopeptides on beads suitable for affinity pull‐down experiments. Peptide sequences containing the Bad Ser112 and Ser136 phosphorylation motifs were used as bait in affinity pull‐down experiments to determine their ability to bind 14‐3‐3 proteins. Support‐bound peptides were assembled directly on the solid support (PEGA) by standard solid‐phase synthesis through a BAL‐type handle. The peptides were varied in length and sequence. This synthetic strategy also allowed introduction of a soft electrophile (aldehyde) at the C terminus for potential activity‐based proteomics. The synthetic support‐bound Bad phosphopeptides were able to pull down 14‐3‐3ζ. Furthermore, Bad phosphopeptides bound endogenous 14‐3‐3 proteins, and all seven members of the 14‐3‐3 family were identified by mass spectrometry. In control experiments, none of the unphosphorylated Bad peptides bound transfected 14‐3‐3ζ or endogenous 14‐3‐3. We conclude that the combined synthesis and display of phosphopeptides on‐bead is a fast and efficient method for affinity pull‐down proteomics.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Fluorescent Oligomers Assembled on a DNA Backbone
Authors: Cho Younjin , Kool Eric T. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA number of research laboratories have investigated the properties of multichromophore molecules and their applications in materials science and in biotechnology. Previous approaches for preparing such molecules have involved traditional organic synthesis. Here we describe the one‐step enzymatic synthesis of such a multichromophore species by using a DNA‐polymerizing enzyme (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)). We find that a nucleotide‐like molecule with pyrene replacing the DNA base (dPTP) can be accepted as a substrate for this enzyme to produce discrete chromophores that have 3 or 4 pyrenes consecutively, depending on which anomer (α or β) is used. Products were characterized by gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence. The reaction was found to change the fluorescence emission of the chromophore from a maximum at 375 nm (the monomer nucleotide) to 490 nm in the oligomeric product. This new green–white emission is consistent with the formation of a pyrene excimer between adjacent pyrene glycosides, which exhibit a large Stokes shift of 130 nm. The enzymatic synthesis of the pyrene excimer might have applications in homogeneous biological assays for DNA fragments, such as those that arise during apoptosis.
A working model of the neurophysiology of hypnosis: a review of evidence
Authors: Gruzelier John 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNeuropsychophysiological evidence is reviewed testing a three‐stage, top‐down working model of the traditional hypnotic relaxation induction involving: (1) a thalamocortical attentional network engaging a left frontolimbic focused attention control system underpinning sensory fixation and concentration on the induction; (2) instatement of frontolimbic inhibitory systems through suggestions of tiredness at fixation and relaxation whereby anterior executive functions are suspended and directed by the induction; (3) engagement of right‐sided temporoposterior functions through passive imagery and dreaming. A selectivity of action in high susceptibles was a hallmark of the studies. Increased Stroop interference coincided with maintenance of error detection and abolition of error evaluation potentials, interpreted as dissociation of cognitive and affective executive systems of the anterior cingulate. Verbal, category and design fluency tasks were dissociated with hypnosis centring on left anterior processes as seen in left lateral and medial reduced EEG connectivity. Limbic modulated electrodermal orienting responses and frontal modulated mismatch negativity waves were inhibited. Asymmetries in electrodermal and electrocortical responses to tones shifted to favour the right hemisphere, an asymmetry also seen in visual sensitivity. Haptic processing and visual sensitivity disclosed more distributed changes in medium susceptibles, while low susceptibles were characterized by poorer attentional functions at baseline and improvements through the induction. Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The nature of hypnotic analgesia: neurophysiological foundation and evidence
Authors: Crawford Helen J. , Knebel Timothy , Vendemia Jennifer M.C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews neurophysiological research (EEG, event‐related potential, regional cerebral blood flow, neurochemical) that supports the proposal that hypnotic analgesia is an active inhibitory process involving several brain systems mediating attentional and nociceptive processes. Even though the processes of hypnotic analgesia may be dissociated from conscious awareness and appear to be out of volitional control, it is proposed that hypnotic analgesia depends on the activation of a supervisory, attention control system – involving the anterior frontal cortex – which then participates with other cortical and subcortical systems in the allocation of thalamocortical activities. Hypnotic analgesia affects the active allocation of attention and disattention associated with the anterior frontal region, as well as spatio‐temporal aspects of pain perception associated with the posterior cortical systems. Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnosis and cancer: host defences, quality of life and survival
Authors: Walker Leslie G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn recent years it has become increasingly clear that the diagnosis and treatment of cancer are stressful experiences. Not surprisingly, therefore, high levels of psychiatric morbidity and psychological distress have been reported (Derogatis et al., 1983). There is now evidence, however, from prospective, randomized, controlled trials, that psychological interventions can enhance the quality of life of patients with cancer (see Meyer and Mark, 1995 for a meta‐analysis). In addition, psychological interventions, including hypnosis, can modulate the immune response in a way that might be relevant to the progression of malignant disease (Walker and Eremin, 1995). Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotic susceptibility, or F‐bias: its relevance to eating disorders
Authors: Oakley David , Frasquilho Francisco 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHypnosis research and theory has recently paid increasing attention to hypnotizability as a trait in its own right and to a convergence with ideas in neuropsychology. Hypnotizability, or F‐bias, may be broadly characterized as involving focused attention, flexibility in switching cognitive styles and the activity of frontal cortical systems. F‐bias/hypnotizability correlates with a number of activities other than hypnotic performance, one of which is disordered eating behaviour. Within the clinical literature the general finding has been that restricting anorexics are of normal or slightly above normal hypnotizability whereas bulimics are very significantly above normal hypnotizability and show increased dissociative tendencies. In normal weight non‐clinical populations also there is also a positive correlation between hypnotizability, dissociative tendencies and attitudes to food intake. A recent study looked at both dissociation and hypnotizability in relation to disordered eating, as measured by an eating questionnaire, in a normal weight female undergraduate population. The data confirmed that those with bulimic tendencies scored higher on both hypnotizability and dissociation. The results also showed that hypnotizability was specifically related to a factor of dietary restraint, whereas dissociation was related to a factor of impulsive eating. The latter may account for the binge components of disordered eating. In contrast to earlier views, which tended to equate hypnotizability and dissociative tendencies, these data suggest that they are independent factors which influence different aspects of eating behaviour. Other work is described, which indicates that restrained eaters are more responsive than non‐restrained eaters to suggestions of increased body size, which may account in part at least for the distortions of body image seen in clinical eating disorders. The ways in which both hypnotizability and dissociative tendencies might operate as independent moderators in a sociocultural model of the development of anorexia and bulimia nervosa are discussed. Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotic susceptibility and holistic/emotional styles of thinking
Authors: Brown R.J. , Oakley D.A 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIt has been suggested that an everyday preference for holistic and emotional thought is related to the ability to enter hypnosis, although research addressing the idea has often yielded inconsistent results. This study correlated hypnotic susceptibility, as measured by the Harvard Group Scale (Shor and Orne, 1962), with three measures of a holistic/emotional thinking style: the experiential sub‐scale of the Rational Versus Experiential Inventory (RVEI) (Epstein et al., 1995), the right hemisphere sub‐scale of the Human Information Processing Survey (HIPS) (Taggart and Torrance, 1984) and the elaborative processing sub‐scale of the Inventory of Learning Processes (ILP) (Schmeck et al., 1977). A social desirability measure was also included. Only the experiential scale of the RVEI and the social desirability scale showed significant positive correlations with susceptibility; a multiple regression analysis showed the RVEI scale to be the best predictor of susceptibility. The implications of these results for the analytic‐holistic hypothesis in hypnosis are discussed. Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
An investigation of the ‘state‐dependency’ of recall during hypnotic amnesia
Authors: Henry Smith Caleb , Morton John , Oakley David 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIf hypnosis was to be considered a state, one would expect that entering or leaving it would lead to spontaneous state‐dependent effects on free recall (e.g. Tulving and Thompson, 1973; Eich, 1980). In apparent support of the contrary view, that hypnosis does not provide state‐cues that facilitate free recall, Kihlstrom, Brenneman, Pistole and Shor (1985) found that the reinduction of hypnosis did not differentially facilitate the breaching of post‐hypnotic amnesia compared to a non‐reinduction group. However, following the second deinduction of hypnosis, subjects' recall level decreased, whereas subjects' recall level in the non‐reinduction group increased. This apparent state‐dependent effect is interpreted here as indicating that ‘state incongruence’ can constitute a task‐demand for greater amnesia. In order to test this suggestion, subjects in the present study memorized a word‐list either before or after a hypnotic induction. Following an amnesia suggestion, subjects who learned the word‐list before the induction recalled fewer items than those who learned it afterwards, which could be interpreted as a state‐dependent effect. However, an equivalent recall level in the two groups following the reversal of the amnesia and before the deinduction of hypnosis, suggests that the apparent state‐dependency of amnesic recall reflects subjects' belief that hypnosis represents an ‘altered state’ rather than an effect of the presence of state‐cues per se. Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The effect of guided imagery in a hypnotic context on forearm blood flow
Authors: McGuirk Joan , Fitzgerald David , Friedmann Peter S. , Oakley David , Salmon Peter 
Published: February 2006

AbstractVenous leg ulceration is a painful and debilitating condition. Current treatment comprises local or systemic medical interventions intended to influence the pathological changes associated with ulceration. This study was conducted to determine in a non‐ulcerated population, the potential of guided imagery in a hypnotic context to influence blood flow, which is a critical variable in the process of ulcer healing. In a within‐subjects design, subjects each underwent one experimental session during which they listened to two kinds of imagery designed respectively to increase and decrease forearm blood flow by suggesting hot or cold sensations. Script order and arm order were counterbalanced. Objective measurement of blood‐flow was by a Laser‐Doppler flowmeter. Analysis of variance confirmed significant changes in line with the predictions on both objective and subjective measures. Further analysis revealed that the differential changes in blood flow were present only when the left arm was targeted first. The results are discussed in relation to previous literature, particularly in relation to expectancy effects, and implications for treatment of venous leg ulceration are considered. Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Facilitation of sexual pleasure via hypnosis: a case for the court
Authors: Vingoe Frank J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe Defendant charged with the rape of his stepson's girlfriend (C ), had been approached by C because of his interest in hypnosis. C wondered whether hypnosis could increase sexual pleasure. Following a party, C was apparently hypnotized and penetration occurred. Issues in the trial presented to the Court by the expert‐witness included: the motivation of C, the influence of alcohol on hypnotic responsivity, awareness during hypnosis, coercion, controllability and simulation. Convinced that C was not hypnotized, the jury's verdict was Guilty of Unlawful Intercourse. Mitigation resulted in a sentence of nine months, suspended for two years. Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The effect of two procedures on hypnotic susceptibility modification
Authors: Cangas Adolfo J. , Pérez Marino 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe object of this research was to compare the effectiveness of two standardized programmes of hypnotic susceptibility modification, that of Sachs and Anderson (1967) and the Carleton Skills Training Package (CSTP) (Gorassini and Spanos, 1986). The results showed a statistically significant difference between these two programmes and the control group for both objective and subjective reponses to the suggestions, but no significant difference between the two programmes. The effectiveness of the CSTP in modifying hypnotic responsiveness scores, which had been placed in doubt in several studies, was confirmed. Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The use of hypnosis and brief strategic therapy with a case of separation anxiety and school refusal
Authors: Roberts Dennis 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper is a case report on a 14‐year‐old, Year 9 pupil (‘Jane’) presenting separation anxieties and long‐term school attendance difficulties (school phobia). Referral was made to the psychology service from a pupil referral unit. Parental views included their concerns about non‐attendance, difficulties separating from her parents, and the need for confidence building and coping with stomach pains and panic attacks.The intervention consisted of a preliminary interview to gather information and decide upon appropriate action, two individual therapy sessions, and two follow‐up review meetings. Hypnosis and brief strategic therapy techniques were used in the individual therapy sessions. Techniques included the use of metaphor, positive reframing of negative associations, tasking and relaxation training with suggestions for confidence building and anxiety‐reduction. The metaphor and the tasks chosen were particularly helpful because they utilized information given by the pupil about her family and their new puppy. A metaphor about the puppy incorporated aspects of the pupil's presenting problem and was used to provide positive suggestions about successful early learning experiences, separation and independence. Other aspects of this intervention also helped in bringing about a successful outcome. Acceptance and acknowledgement of negative feelings helped to develop trust, and firm expectations about the pupil's own resources to cope encouraged her confidence.At the follow‐up, the pupil reported no recurrence of the panic attacks or stomach pains, and attendance had improved from 3% to 67% (over 10 and seven weeks respectively), rising to 90% attendance for the following school term (12 weeks). Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Phenomenological state effects during hypnosis: a cross‐validation of findings
Authors: Kumar V. K. , Pekala Ronald J. , McCloskey Michael M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFrom a factor analysis of Pekala's (1982, 1991b) Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory completed retrospectively in reference to the Harvard scale induction, Kumar et al. (1996) obtained the following five correlated state effects factors: dissociated control state, positive affect, negative affect, visual imagery and attention to internal processes. They found that the factor‐based scores of dissociated control state, positive affect and attention to internal processes were significantly correlated with the Harvard scores. The present study found evidence for the cross‐validity of the factor weights (obtained in the previous study) in computing factor‐based scores in data from two separate studies. The same factors (as in the previous study) of dissociated control state, positive affect, and attention to internal processes were significantly correlated with hypnotizability not only as assessed by the Harvard, but also the Stanford scale. These findings fit well with the traditional conceptions of hypnosis and observations by clinicians and experimentalists that certain phenomenological states are reliably observed to occur under a hypnotic induction. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis