bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure–property–quality‐correlated paint design: An LMC‐based approach
Authors: Xiao Jie , Huang Yinlun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPaint is designed to offer various chemical and physical properties for surface protection, styling, and appearance. Nevertheless, the anticipated quality of the surface coating is frequently unsatisfactory, which is often attributed to paint formulation. As new demands on coating performance continuously emerge, paint formulation design becomes much more challenging than ever. It is recognized that paint design can be significantly improved with the help of advanced computational methods, as they can provide great freedom and control over the investigation of paint formulation through any number of in silico experiments virtually under any application conditions. This article introduces a lattice Monte Carlo based computational methodology for paint formulation design. By this methodology and structural analysis techniques, a variety of correlations among paint material, curing condition, coating microstructure, and coating qualities can be generated, which are critical for the development of superior paint formulations. A comprehensive study on acrylic‐melamine‐based paint design and analysis demonstrates the methodological efficacy. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Operational modeling of multistream heat exchangers with phase changes
Authors: Hasan M. M. Faruque , Karimi I. A. , Alfadala H. E. , Grootjans H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMultistream heat exchangers (MSHE) enable the simultaneous exchange of heat among multiple streams, and are preferred in cryogenic processes such as air separation and LNG. Most MSHEs are complex; proprietary and involve phase changes of mixtures. Although modeling MSHE is crucial for process optimization, no such work exists to our knowledge. We present a novel approach for deriving an approximate operational (vs. design) model from historic data for an MSHE. Using a superstructure of simple 2‐stream exchangers, we propose a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation to obtain a HE network that best represents the MSHE operation. We also develop an iterative algorithm to solve the large and nonconvex MINLP model in reasonable time, as existing commercial solvers fail to do so. Finally, we demonstrate the application of our work on an MSHE from an existing LNG plant, and successfully predict its performance over a variety of seasons and feed conditions. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Identification of occupational cancer risk in British Columbia: A population‐based case–control study of 2,998 lung cancers by histopathological subtype
Authors: MacArthur Amy C. , Le Nhu D. , Fang Raymond , Band Pierre R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated occupational lung cancer risk in relation to specific histopathological subtypes.MethodsA case–control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between lung cancer and occupation/industry of employment by histopathological subtype. A total of 2,998 male cases and 10,223 cancer controls, diagnosed between 1983 and 1990, were identified through the British Columbia Cancer Registry. Matched on age and year of diagnosis, conditional logistic regression analyses were performed for two different estimates of exposure with adjustment for potentially important confounding variables, including tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, marital status, educational attainment, and questionnaire respondent.ResultsFor all lung cancers, an excess risk was observed for workers in the primary metal (OR = 1.31, 95% CI, 1.01–1.71), mining (OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.20–1.96), machining (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.09–1.63), transport (OR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.08–2.07), utility (OR = 1.60, 95% CI, 1.22–2.09), and protective services (OR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.05–1.55) industries. Associations with histopathological subtypes included an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma in construction trades (OR = 1.25, 95% CI, 1.06–1.48), adenocarcinoma for professional workers in medicine and health (OR = 1.73, 95% CI, 1.18–2.53), small cell carcinoma in railway (OR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.06–2.49), and truck transport industries (OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.00–2.28), and large cell carcinoma for employment in the primary metal industry (OR = 2.35, 95% CI, 1.11–4.96).ConclusionsOur results point to excess lung cancer risk for occupations involving exposure to metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and asbestos, as well as several new histopathologic‐specific associations that merit further investigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:221–232, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural‐Product Sugar Biosynthesis and Enzymatic Glycodiversification
Authors: Thibodeaux Christopher J. , Melançon Charles E. , Liu Hung‐wen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMany biologically active small‐molecule natural products produced by microorganisms derive their activities from sugar substituents. Changing the structures of these sugars can have a profound impact on the biological properties of the parent compounds. This realization has inspired attempts to derivatize the sugar moieties of these natural products through exploitation of the sugar biosynthetic machinery. This approach requires an understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of each target sugar and detailed mechanistic knowledge of the key enzymes. Scientists have begun to unravel the biosynthetic logic behind the assembly of many glycosylated natural products and have found that a core set of enzyme activities is mixed and matched to synthesize the diverse sugar structures observed in nature. Remarkably, many of these sugar biosynthetic enzymes and glycosyltransferases also exhibit relaxed substrate specificity. The promiscuity of these enzymes has prompted efforts to modify the sugar structures and alter the glycosylation patterns of natural products through metabolic pathway engineering and enzymatic glycodiversification. In applied biomedical research, these studies will enable the development of new glycosylation tools and generate novel glycoforms of secondary metabolites with useful biological activity.
The development of clinical reasoning skills: A major objective of the anatomy course
Authors: Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo E. , López Santos Guzmán 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTraditional medical school curricula have made a clear demarcation between the basic biomedical sciences and the clinical years. It is our view that a comprehensive medical education necessarily involves an increased correlation between basic science knowledge and its clinical applications. A basic anatomy course should have two main objectives: for the student to successfully gain a solid knowledge base of human anatomy and to develop and hone clinical reasoning skills. In a basic anatomy course, clinical case discussions based on underlying anatomic anomalies or abnormalities are the major means to teach students clinical reasoning skills. By identifying, classifying, and analyzing the clinical data given, a student learns to methodically approach a clinical case and formulate plausible diagnoses. Practicing and perfecting clinical problem‐solving skills should be a major objective of the anatomy curriculum. Such clinical reasoning skills are indeed crucial for the successful and expert practice of medicine. Anat Sci Ed 1:267–268, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.
Effects of smoking on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a nicotine patch
Authors: Yun Hwi‐yeol , Seo Jeong‐won , Choi Ji‐eun , Baek In‐hwan , Kang Wonku , Kwon Kwang‐il 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of smoking on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a nicotine transdermal delivery system, administered as a single dose or multiple doses, was examined in smokers (n=12) and nonsmokers (n=12). The study was a two‐period, parallel trial. In the first period, a single dose of the Nicotinell TTS 20 patch was administered, followed by a 1‐week washout period. Then, in the second period, multiple doses of the Nicotinell TTS 20 patch were administered over 4 days. Regarding the pharmacokinetics of nicotine, theAUC36handAUCτof smokers were about 20% and 40% greater, respectively, than those of nonsmokers. Significant differences in heart rate were observed between smokers and nonsmokers at 10, 12, 16 and 24 h, and significant differences in systolic blood pressure were seen between smokers and nonsmokers at 12, 30 and 36 h in the single‐dose study. With multiple doses, significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were detected between smokers and nonsmokers only at 72.5 and 82 h. Here, it is demonstrated for the first time that the pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic effects of a nicotine patch are significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randnahe Vierfachbefestigungen unter Querlast
Authors: Unterweger Andreas , Spyridis Panagiotis , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAnkergruppen in Beton kommen als Befestigungsmittel häufig am Rand zur Anwendung. Bei der Verbindung der Stahlanker mit der Montageplatte kommt es wegen des Lochspiels zu einer zufälligen Ankerstellung in den Durchgangslöchern der Montageplatte. Dadurch werden bei einer Querbelastung nicht alle Anker gleichzeitig aktiviert, was die Tragfähigkeit der Gruppenbefestigung beeinflusst. Bei randnahen Vierfachbefestigungen ist die für die Bruchlast ungünstigste Ankerstellung dann erreicht, wenn die randnäheren Anker zuerst belastet werden. Ausgehend davon berücksichtigt die derzeitige Bemessung nach ETAG 001 für den Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit (ULS) ausschließlich die randnähere Ankerreihe.Wie in Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau Heft 11 gezeigt, weisen Versuche gängiger Geometrien mit ungünstigster Ankerstellung im Vergleich dazu wesentlich höhere Bruchlasten auf. Daher wird in diesem Beitrag für den ULS ein neues Bemessungskonzept erarbeitet, welches das bisherige System der Stirnflächen ausbaut und somit anwenderfreundlich die Bemessungslast kontinuierlich aufgrund der Geometrie bestimmt. Im Anschluss wird das neue Bemessungskonzept experimentell für quadratische Vierfachbefestigungen im niederfesten Beton verifiziert.
Efficiency of Functional Regression Estimators for Combining Multiple Laser Scans of cDNA Microarrays
Authors: Glasbey C. A. , Khondoker M. R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe first stage in the analysis of cDNA microarray data is estimation of the level of expression of each gene, from laser scans of hybridised microarrays. Typically, data are used from a single scan, although, if multiple scans are available, there is the opportunity to reduce sampling error by using all of them. Combining multiple laser scans can be formulated as multivariate functional regression through the origin. Maximum likelihood estimation fails, but many alternative estimators exist, one of which is to maximise the likelihood of a Gaussian structural regression model. We show by simulation that, surprisingly, this estimator is efficient for our problem, even though the distribution of gene expression values is far from Gaussian. Further, it performs well if errors have a heavier tailed distribution or the model includes intercept terms, but not necessarily in other regions of parameter space. Finally, we show that by combining multiple laser scans we increase the power to detect differential expression of genes. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pulsatile perfusion bioreactor for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Brown Melissa A. , Iyer Rohin K. , Radisic Milica 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in North America. Cardiac tissue engineering aims to engineer a contractile patch of physiological thickness to use in surgical repair of diseased heart tissue. We previously reported that perfusion of engineered cardiac constructs resulted in improved tissue assembly. Because heart tissues respond to mechanical stimuli in vitro and experience rhythmic mechanical forces during contraction in vivo, we hypothesized that provision of pulsatile interstitial medium flow to an engineered cardiac patch would result in enhanced tissue assembly by way of mechanical conditioning and improved mass transport. Thus, we constructed a novel perfusion bioreactor capable of providing pulsatile fluid flow at physiologically relevant shear stresses and flow rates. Pulsatile perfusion (PP) was achieved by incorporation of a normally closed solenoid pinch valve into the perfusion loop and was carried out at a frequency of 1 Hz and a flow rate of 1.50 mL/min (PP) or 0.32 mL/min (PP‐LF). Nonpulsatile flow at 1.50 mL/min (NP) or 0.32 mL/min (NP‐LF) served as controls. Static controls were cultivated in well plates. The main experimental groups were seeded with cells enriched for cardiomyocytes by one preplating step (64% cardiac Troponin I+, 34% prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase+), whereas pure cardiac fibroblasts and cells enriched for cardiomyocytes by two preplating steps (81% cardiac Troponin I+, 16% prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase+) served as controls. Cultivation under pulsatile flow had beneficial effects on contractile properties. Specifically, the excitation threshold was significantly lower in the PP condition (pulsatile perfusion at 1.50 mL/min) than in the Static control, and the contraction amplitude was the highest; whereas high maximum capture rate was observed for the PP‐LF conditions (pulsatile perfusion at 0.32 mL/min). The enhanced hypertrophy index observed for the PP‐LF group was consistent with the highest cellular length and diameter in this group. Within the same cultivation groups (Static, NP‐LF, PP‐LF, PP, and NP) there were no significant differences in the diameter between fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, although cardiomyocytes were significantly more elongated than fibroblasts under PP‐LF conditions. Cultivation of control cell populations resulted in noncontractile constructs when cardiac fibroblasts were used (as expected) and no overall improvement in functional properties when two steps of preplating were used to enrich for cardiomyocytes in comparison with only one step of preplating.
On the use, and reuse, of polymers for the treatment of hydrocarbon contaminated water via a solid–liquid partitioning bioreactor
Authors: Prpich George P. , Rehmann Lars , Daugulis Andrew J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAqueous environments contaminated with diesel components pose a threat to the native biota due to the intrinsically toxic nature of the many hydrocarbon compounds present. In the event of diesel being released into an aqueous environment it is imperative that the contaminant is recovered in a rapid manner to ensure the safety of aquatic organisms as well as to maintain desired water quality. The research presented in this study investigates the potential of polymeric sorbents to recover diesel from a contaminated aqueous source. Thermoplastic materials, such as styrene butadiene derived polymers, were shown to substantially reduce diesel levels in excess of 98% with 90% of this recoverable fraction being removed in less than 30 min. Recyclable materials, such as used automobile tires, were shown to obtain similar results with added potential benefit including lower cost and reuse of a waste material. The polymeric sorbents were also biologically regenerated and this was accomplished in a solid–liquid two‐phase partitioning bioreactor, in which 65% of the initial diesel contamination was degraded within a 9 day period. The result of this work was the demonstration of a low cost, reusable remediation technology for the recovery, and destruction of diesel from aqueous environments.
Rare Tautomers of 1‐Methyluracil and 1‐Methylthymine: Tuning Relative Stabilities through Coordination to PtII Complexes
Authors: van der Wijst Tushar , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Swart Marcel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Lippert Bernhard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe have computationally explored how the relative stabilities of 1‐methyluracil (1‐MeUH) tautomers can be tuned through coordination of these tautomers to PtII complexes with a particular set of ligands. This has been done using density functional theory at the BP86/TZ2P level. Thus, we have examined the water/1‐MeUH exchange reactions of [PtII(A)(B)(C)(OH2)]q + 1‐MeUH to uncover: i) which tautomers are best stabilized by the PtII complex, and ii) how the net charge q in the complex affects the reaction energy. The net charge q depends on the ligands A, B, and C, which can be the neutral NH3 or anionic Cl−. To reveal the effect of solvation, all reaction systems are studied both in the gas phase and in water. Also the stabilization of tautomers of 1‐methylthymine (1‐MeTH) by cisplatin is investigated. The calculations reveal that relative energies of the metal (here: PtII)‐complexed forms of the various tautomers (here: of 1‐MeUH and 1‐MeTH) do not parallel those of the free tautomers. Rather, a rare nucleobase tautomer, despite its low natural abundance, may become favored over the predominant one when complexed to a metal ion.
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Water‐Insoluble Porphyrin in Ionic Liquid: Direct Electrochemistry and Highly Sensitive Amperometric Biosensing for Trichloroacetic Acid
Authors: Tu Wenwen , Lei Jianping , Ju Huangxian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA functional composite of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with hematin, a water‐insoluble porphyrin, was first prepared in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) ionic liquid. The novel composite in ionic liquid was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and showed a pair of direct redox peaks of the FeIII/FeII couple. The composite–[BMIM][PF6]‐modified glassy carbon electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in neutral media due to the synergic effect among SWNTs, [BMIM][PF6], and porphyrin, which led to a highly sensitive and stable amperometric biosensor for TCA with a linear range from 9.0×10−7 to 1.4×10−4 M. The detection limit was 3.8×10−7 M at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The TCA biosensor had good analytical performance, such as rapid response, good reproducibility, and acceptable accuracy, and could be successfully used for the detection of residual TCA in polluted water. The functional composite in ionic liquid provides a facile way to not only obtain the direct electrochemistry of water‐insoluble porphyrin, but also construct novel biosensors for monitoring analytes in real environmental samples.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Optimum Luminescence of CaWO4‐Based Red Phosphors with Codoping of Eu3+ and Na+.
Authors: Su Yiguo , Li Liping , Li Guangshe 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Structures of Synthetic Natrochalcites, NaM2II(D3O2) (MoO4)2, M: Co or Ni.
Authors: Vilminot Serge , Andre Gilles , Bouree‐Vigneron Francoise , Baker Peter J. , Blundell Stephen J. , Kurmoo Mohamedally 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Ruthenium Ethylene Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, and Catalytic Applications in ATRA and ATRC Reactions.
Authors: Wolf Joffrey , Thommes Katrin , Briel Oliver , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multimetallic Zirconocene‐Based Catalysis: Alkyne Dimerization and Cyclotrimerization Reactions.
Authors: Joosten Antoine , Soueidan Mohamad , Denhez Clement , Harakat Dominique , Helion Florence , Namy Jean‐Louis , Vasse Jean‐Luc , Szymoniak Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloroalkylsulfonate Ionic Liquids by Ring Opening of Sultones with Organic Chloride Salts.
Authors: Paape Natalia , Wei Wei , Boesmann Andreas , Kolbeck Claudia , Maier Florian , Steinrueck Hans‐Peter , Wasserscheid Peter , Schulz Peter Steffen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated N‐Cyclopropylation of Azoles, Amides, and Sulfonamides by Cyclopropylboronic Acid.
Authors: Benard Sebastien , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Electrophilic α‐Hydrazination of β‐Ketoesters Using Bifunctional Organocatalysts.
Authors: Jung Sun Hee , Kim Dae Young 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyl Iodides in Organic Synthesis. Part 11. Unusual N—C Bond Cleavage in Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Tsyrendorzhieva I. P. , Rakhin V. I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Condensation of Terminal Acetylenic Ketones via Organozinc Species.
Authors: Gao Jun‐Li , Liu Yong‐Kang , Xue Song 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,4‐Diaminocyclohexanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Factor Xa Inhibitors.
Authors: Nagata Tsutomu , Nagamochi Masatoshi , Kobayashi Shozo , Komoriya Satoshi , Yoshino Toshiharu , Kanno Hideyuki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.