bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Budd‐Chiari syndrome: Diagnosis with ultrasound and nuclear medicine calcium colloid liver scan following non‐diagnostic contrasted CT scan
Authors: Mulholland John P , Fong Sum M , Kafaghi Frederick A , Fong William 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBudd‐Chiari syndrome is a rare condition characterized by thrombosis within the hepatic veins and inferior vena cava. A case of Budd‐Chiari syndrome is presented in a patient who presented acutely 3 days following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acalculous cholecystitis. A discussion of pathology and findings on calcium colloid scintigram, CTscan and Doppler ultrasound is provided.
Prevertebral soft‐tissue measurements in cervical spine injury
Authors: Matar LD , Doyle AJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTo clarify normal values for cervical prevertebral soft‐tissue measurements and evaluate when they are useful as a marker of cervical spine injury, the prevertebral soft‐tissue measurements of 79 control and 57 acutely injured patients were retrospectively compared by two independent observers. The second, blinded, observer made a provisional diagnosis and indicated if increased soft‐tissue measurements had assisted in making a diagnosis of injury. If measurements ≥7 mm at C2/3 and ≥21 mm at C6/7 were considered abnormal, a true positive rate of 53% and false positive rate of 5% were observed. The differences between the mean measurements in the control and injured groups were statistically significant (P<0.0001 at C2/3 and P<0.01 at C6). Soft‐tissue measurement improved the diagnostic confidence of the blinded second reviewer in 17.5% of the injured group. Analysis of this subgroup revealed a 50% error rate in initial reporting. In all of these cases, the abnormal soft‐tissues had been ignored prospectively. Routine measurement of the prevertebral soft tissues is a simple procedure that may provide an important clue to subtle cervical spine injury.
Dysgerminoma of the ovary: A retrospective study
Authors: Reddy KB , Ahuja VK , Kannan V , Vallikad E , Anantha N 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA retrospective analysis of 22 patients with ovarian dysgerminoma who were treated between 1980 and 1987 was carried out. The median age at presentation was 24.5 years. A total of 15 patients were in stage I, one patient was in stage II and six patients were in stage III. Bilateral ovarian involvement was present in four patients. Conservative surgery was carried out in nine patients and 11 patients underwent radical surgery. Two patients had biopsy only. Fourteen patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and three patients received salvage radiation for recurrent disease. The 10‐year actuarial survival rate was 81.8%. All 15 patients in stage I were alive and disease‐free at a median follow‐up of 125 months. Four patients (one in stage II and three in stage III) died of progressive or recurrent abdominopelvic disease. Pelvic recurrence occurred after conservative surgery in two patients in stage IA who had a tumour size greater than 10 cm, but they were salvaged with radical surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There were seven patients aged 20 years or less. All were alive and disease‐free at a median follow‐up of 127 months.
Combined modality therapy for early Hodgkin's disease: Heterogeneity in Australasian clinical practice
Authors: Roos Daniel , O'Brien Peter 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo case studies of locally extensive clinical stage IIA Hodgkin's disease (HD) were presented to radiation oncologists at a meeting of the Australasian Radiation Oncology Lymphoma Group, and subsequently to non‐attending members who were asked to indicate their recommended treatment. This paper discusses the 25 responses which were notable by considerable heterogeneity in philosophy and detail. There is clearly no consensus among Australasian radiation oncologists at present, although combined modality therapy (CMT) with Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by low‐medium‐dose involved field radiotherapy (25–36 Gy) was the most popular response. The literature on radiation dose and chemotherapy in CMT for HD is then reviewed. It seems very likely that low doses in the range of 25–30 Gy (at 1.5–2.0 Gy per fraction) are sufficient. The ABVD should be considered as the ‘standard’ regimen at present, although the optimal sequencing with radiation and number of cycles remain unknown. The heterogeneity of responses to management of the case studies raises questions about ongoing education processes in radiation and medical oncology. Hypothetical case management review may complement currently proposed methods of assessing continuing medical education.
Pseudotumour due to surgical sponge: Gossypiboma
Authors: Şahin‐Akyar Gulden , Yaĝci Cemil , Aytaç Suat 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe plain‐film, ultrasonography and computed tomography findings of retained surgical sponges (gossypibomas) are described in three patients. When a mass with hyperechoic wavy structures and posterior acoustic shadowing is seen on ultrasonography, the history of previous surgery must be questioned. Gossypiboma should be included in the differential diagnosis of such cases with a previous surgery. Plain film and computed tomography examinations should be obtained for correct pre‐operative diagnosis.
Hydatid cysts of the kidney, seminal vesicle and gluteus muscle
Authors: Pasaoglu Esref , Damgaci Lale , Tokoglu Figen , Boyacigil Sureyya , Yuksel Enis 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHydatid disease has a high incidence in Turkey and causes significant complications. A case is reported here of unusual localization of hydatidosis, with involvement of hydatid cysts of the seminal vesicle, kidney and gluteus muscle. A review of the literature is also included.
Neurenteric cyst: Antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound
Authors: Perera G Brian , Milne Maureen 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe antenatal diagnosis of a thoracic neurenteric cyst with vertebral abnormality during routine ultrasound is described here. The diagnosis was made at 34 weeks gestation but with hindsight, the abnormality was visible on the 18‐week scan. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first recorded instance of the antenatal demonstration of a neurenteric cyst with a vertebral anomaly. With modern high‐resolution machines it is possible to detect the abnormality at as early as 18 weeks gestation. As a result of early diagnosis, the mother could be counselled and both the mother and the obstetrician could be better prepared to manage the pregnancy and take early remedial action before the onset of complications, to obtain the best possible outcome for all concerned.
Pedicular stress fracture in the lumbar spine
Authors: Chong VFH , Htoo MM 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSpondylolisthesis with or without spondylolysis is common in the lumbar spine. Associated fracture in the pedicle Cpediculolysis') is unusual. The margins of pedicular stress fractures, like spondylolysis, usually appear sclerotic. A patient with a pedicular stress fracture with minimal marginal sclerosis suggesting an injury of recent onset is presented here. There was associated bilateral spondylolysis. The findings in this patient suggest that established pediculolysis probably represents a stress fracture that has failed to heal.
Rapid destructive osteo‐arthritis of the hip
Authors: Schubert F , Parker WR 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of an unusual destructive hip osteoarthropathy with a plain‐film record of rapid joint destruction is reported. In the absence of any laboratory or pathological support for other pathology this is thought to be an uncommon example of erosive or inflammatory osteo‐arthritis in a large joint.
Helical computed tomography in the assessment of abdominal aortic pathology
Authors: Vicaretti M , Young N , Jenkins J , Fletcher J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the role of helical computed tomography in the assessment of abdominal aortic pathology. A total of 17 patients underwent intra‐arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) and helical computed tomography, with eight patients undergoing subsequent operative intervention. A comparison of radiological findings between IADSA and helical computed tomography (CT) was made and, where applicable, a comparison was made with operative findings. Pathology included abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) (n=12), thoracoabdominal aneurysm (n=2) and dissection (n=1), graft distension following AAA repair (n=1) and plaque haemorrhage in the distal aorta following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the iliac artery (n=1).Planned operative management as based on pre‐operative helical CT imaging findings, in particular with reference to the type of graft used (straight or bifurcated) was not changed at operation. Our findings on helical CT in regards to AAA, thoroco‐abdominal aneurysm and dissection correlated well with angiography and surgery findings.
The efficacy of treatment for malignant epidural spinal cord compression
Authors: Milross CG , Davies MA , Fisher R , Mameghan J , Mameghan H 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe aims of this study were to document the efficacy of treatment and to identify factors that were predictive of the outcome in malignant epidural spinal cord compression. The medical records of patients treated at the Prince Henry and Prince of Wales Hospitals in the period 1980‐1989 with a diagnosis of malignant epidural spinal cord compression were reviewed. A total of 94 patients were eligible for the study and were treated by radiotherapy alone (37), surgery alone (19) and surgery followed by radiotherapy (38). Efficacy was determined by measuring complete resolution of symptoms and signs at 1 month after presentation, and also by using an overall functional improvement score (FIS). Complete resolution of individual pre‐treatment symptoms that were measured 1 month after treatment occurred as follows: pain (30/88), sensory disturbance (12/61), weakness (8/17), bladder dysfunction (10/42), and bowel dysfunction (10/36). Complete resolution of motor deficit occurred in 7/82 and of sensory deficit in 9/73. The ability to walk was regained in 19/51 previously non‐ambulatory patients, and bladder function improved sufficiently to remove an indwelling catheter in 9/32 previously catheterized patients. As judged by FIS, 67 patients improved, 15 patients remained stable and 12 patients deteriorated. Of the treatments given, a combination of surgery followed by radiotherapy was associated with the greatest functional improvement (P=0.001). The coexistence of‘liver failure’was the only patient‐related factor identified which was associated with outcome (P=0.041). The treatment of malignant spinal cord compression appears to be worthwhile; however, the outcome of treatment is not easy to predict from pre‐treatment factors. A‘functional improvement score’may be useful in assessing treatment efficacy.
Benign hepatic portal venous gas following blunt abdominal trauma
Authors: Dill‐Macky MJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of transient hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) following blunt abdominal trauma is presented. No evidence of a serious mucosal breach or direct complication was seen. Benign forms of HPVG are being increasingly reported and must be considered in order to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures.
Vertebral hydatid disease
Authors: Paşaoglu E , Boyacigil S , Damgaci L , Tokoglu F , Soydinc P , Yuksel E 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHydatid disease affecting the bones is a rare condition, its incidence ranging from 0.5‐2% of all cases of hydatidosis. The bones most often involved are the vertebrae (44%). A 22‐year‐old man presented to the hospital with low back pain. A CT scan revealed intracanal and paravertebral cystic lesions at the level of L5‐S1 with destruction of the corpus and lamina, and sacral foramen invasion. An operation was performed and histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis. In countries where hydatidosis is endemic, the possibility of the disease must be borne in mind.
Sonographic evaluation of biliary ascariasis
Authors: Mani S , Merchant H , Sachdev R , Rananavare R , Cunha N 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn a prospective 6‐month study, sonographic diagnosis of biliary ascariasis was made in 14 patients; in nine patients, the diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and bile analysis, while in five patients, confirmation was obtained by proven intestinal infestation. No false‐positive or false‐negative cases were encountered. Ascariasis of the biliary tract was seen on ultrasound as echogenic, non‐shadowing images, either as single or multiple strips, with visualization of the digestive tract of the worm as an anechoic inner tube, or as amorphous fragments. Follow‐up sonograms helped in detection of worm expulsion following medical therapy in five patients, while endoscopic extraction of the worm was performed in four patients. In three patients, disappearance of the worm from the biliary tract was noted following a therapeutic sphincterotomy, and two patients detected to have a worm within the gall‐bladder were operated on. In all patients, serial sonograms revealed disappearance of the worm, and the regression of biliary tract dilatation.
Frontal sinus carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chowdhury AD , Ijaz T , El‐Sayed S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA rare case of frontal sinus carcinoma is reported. The patient developed early recurrence following surgery, and was managed by accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatinum‐based systemic chemotherapy. The patient has remained disease‐free for 30 months following the end of treatment.
Diagnostic Radiology Audit of barium enema examinations in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Foster DR 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBarium enema is a commonly used technique. A number of papers have been published describing its accuracy in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. A retrospective comparison of pathology and radiology reports was made to determine rates of demonstration and reporting of colorectal carcinoma on barium enema examinations for a 12‐month period.
Set‐up variation of patients treated with radiotherapy to the prostate measured with an electronic portal imaging device
Authors: Greer PB , Jose CC , Matthews JHL 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe set‐up variation of 11 patients treated supine with radical radiotherapy for carcinoma of the prostate was measured with an electronic portal imaging device to determine the adequacy of set‐up techniques and current margins, as well as the need for immobilization. During the treatments 172 images of the anterior fields and 159 images of the left‐lateral fields were taken and the errors in treatment placement were measured by template matching. The variation in the superior‐inferior direction was small, 1.4‐1.6 mm (1 SD), while the medio‐lateral variation was 2.8 mm (1 SD). The anterior‐posterior variation was largest, 4.6 mm (1 SD) with an offset of 3.3 mm anterior. This anterior offset and large anterior‐posterior variation suggests that set‐up techniques were not optimal for this direction. The 1 cm margin used was adequate for set‐up variation except in a small number of cases, which was mainly due to the anterior trend. Random (treatment‐to‐treatment) variations were small (1.1‐2.3 mm; 1 SD), indicating that immobilization would result in only modest improvement in reproducibility for these supine patients.
Two case reports: Carcinoma of the cervix and carcinoma of the endometrium treated with radiotherapy after previous irradiation for benign uterine bleeding
Authors: MacLeod Craig 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, low closes of radiotherapy were used to treat benign uterine bleeding. The cases of two women who received this form of therapy and later developed gynaecological malignancies and had high‐dose pelvic radiotherapy are presented. A 76‐year‐old woman with an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage‐IIB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix received external beam radiotherapy and intra‐uterine brachytherapy and a 77‐year‐old woman with a FIGO stage‐IB endometrial adenocarcinoma received adjuvant postoperative pelvic radiotherapy. Both women had a significant past history of low‐dose‐rate intra‐uterine irradiation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Therefore the theoretical question of carcinogenesis was raised, and also the practical questions of what dose had previously been given and what further dose could be safely given with regard to normal tissue tolerance.
Post‐traumatic intra‐osseous pseudomeningocele of the occipital bone
Authors: Turgut Mehmet , Ozcan Ösman Ekin , Karaman Can Zafer 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYClinical, radiographic, and operative findings in two children with intra‐osseous pseudomeningocele of the occipital bone due to cranial trauma are presented here, along with a literature review of this uncommon radiologic entity.
Silicone breast implants: A review
Authors: Hadden Wendy E 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe diagnostic imaging procedures used to evaluate silicone prostheses used for breast augmentation are reviewed. The nature of silicone and the types of prostheses used are discussed, as are the complications and risks from use of these prostheses. For each imaging modality, mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging, criteria for rupture with examples of silicone leak into adjacent tissues are given.
The DMSA scan in paediatric urinary tract infection
Authors: Ditchfield MR , Nadel HR 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe objective of the present paper was to review the use of the dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan in urinary tract infection at British Columbia's Children's Hospital to determine the frequency of cortical defects and the association between vesicoureteric reflux and the presence of cortical defects in children with urinary tract infection. A total of 129 consecutive children with a urinary tract infection referred for a DMSA scan in a 2‐year period (January 1992‐January 1994) were retrospectively studied. The results were analysed in terms of kidneys, and the incidence of cortical defects was determined. Eighty‐eight patients (68%) had a radiographic micturating cystourethrogram within 6 months of the DMSA scan, and in this group the relationship of defects with vesicoureteric reflux was determined. Overall, 81/258 (31%) of kidneys had a cortical defect on a DMSA scan. Of those who had a micturating cystourethrogram, 53/176 (30%) kidneys had vesicoureteric reflux, and of those that had reflux, 21/53 (40%) had a cortical defect on a DMSA scan. In the group of children without reflux, 38/123 (31%) had a cortical defect. Renal cortical scan defects are common findings in paediatric urinary infection, and frequently occur in the absence of vesicoureteric reflux. These defects represent either established scars or acute pyelonephritis that can proceed to scarring. The micturating cystourethrogram alone is insufficient as a screening modality to identify those kidneys at risk of renal scarring.
Quantitative diagnostic methods in osteoporosis: A review
Authors: Pocock Nicholas A 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYDuring the last two decades there have been major advances in the understanding of pathophysiology and in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. There are now, in addition to standard radiographs, a number of different diagnostic modalities available to doctors for the quantitative assessment of bone mass. These methodologies are having an increasingly important role, not only in the clinical diagnosis, but also in the monitoring of patients with osteoporosis. As the population ages there will be an increasing demand for these services, and radiologists need to be aware of the strength and limitations of the different modalities available.
Blood‐brain barrier and blood volume imaging of cerebral glioma using functional CT: A pictorial review
Authors: Leggett David AC , Miles Kenneth A , Kelley Benjamin B 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFive cases of cerebral glioma are presented here that illustrate the benefit of functional CT imaging of blood‐brain barrier permeability and cerebral blood volume. Functional CT uses Patlak analysis of a single location dynamic sequence to extract physiological information that is useful clinically in the assessment of cerebral gliomas. Functional CT offers distinct advantages over other functional modalities including clearer delineation of tumour, tumour grading, measurement of tumour activity and monitoring response to therapy.
Multiseptate gall‐bladder: Incidental diagnosis on ultrasound
Authors: Saddik Daniel 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMultiseptate gall‐bladder is a very rare congenital condition, and fewer than 30 cases are reported in the literature. Most patients are female adults though it can occur in children and men. Although usually symptomatic, a case is described of a patient diagnosed incidentally on ultrasound. In the former group it is important to recognize because cholecystectomy is curative. Biliary calculi are usually absent in multiseptate gall‐bladder while choledochal cysts have been associated.
Desmoplastic small round cell tumour
Authors: Tan Thuan Heng Lawrence , Ong Kim Lian , Au Yeung Man Chiu 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe present report describes a rare case of primary desmoplastic small cell tumour of the recto‐sigmoid colon with hepatic metastases and lymphadenopathy. There are no pathognomonic radiological features and often their features overlap with other diseases including lymphoma. Histology is necessary to confirm this diagnosis. Unfortunately despite aggressive therapy, the prognosis for this disease is poor.
Mammogram screening of Chinese women in Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
Authors: Chan L‐K , Lam H‐S , Chan EH‐S , Lau Y , Chan M , Gwi E , Leung T‐Y 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe incidence of primary carcinoma of the breast in Hong Kong has been rising. A screening team including radiologists, breast surgeons, cytopathologists, a full‐time gynaecologist and mammographers was set up at Kwong Wah Hospital. The screening method includes a clinical breast examination (CBE) and two‐view mammography. The target age group is 40‐70. A total of 13 033 women were screened from March 1993 to March 1995 and 8504 mammograms were performed. A double reading system was used, with an experienced mammographer as the first reader. The films were then read by radiologists and were reported. All abnormal films and normal films with palpable masses or clinical symptoms were reviewed in a weekly meeting. A total of 113 biopsies were performed including 86 stereotactic‐guided fine needle aspirations (FNA) and 27 stereotactic‐guided hook‐wire biopsies. Four FNA showed malignant cells and another five showed suspicious cells. Eleven hook‐wire biopsies showed carcinoma. The benign to malignant ratio of the hook‐wire biopsies was 16 : 11 (< 1.5). The total number of carcinomas disclosed was 42, and 16 of these were not palpable. Four palpable tumours were not detected by mammography. The overall carcinoma of the breast detection rate was 4.94/1000, with a rate of 4.61/1000 for the 40‐49‐year age group and a rate of 6.46/1000 for the over 50 years of age group. The incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ plus Ti tumours was 2.82/1000.