bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolution of venous thrombosis using a novel oral small-molecule inhibitor of P-selectin (PSI-697) without anticoagulation
Authors: Wrobleski Shirley , Longo Chris , Bedard Patricia , Kaila Neelu , Shaw George , Londy Frank , Rohrer Suzan , Fex Beverly , Zajkowski Paul , Meier Thomas , Hawley Angela , Farris Diana , Ballard Nicole , Henke Peter , Schaub Robert , Wakefield Thomas , Myers Daniel 
Published: February 2007

SummaryP-selectin inhibition has been shown to decrease thrombogenesis in multiple animal species. In this study, we show that a novel oral small-molecule inhibitor of P-selectin, PSI-697, promotes thrombus resolution and decreases inflammation in a baboon model of venous thrombosis. Experimental groups consisted of the following: 1) primates receiving a single oral dose of PSI-697 (30 mg/kg) daily starting three days pre-iliac vein balloon occlusion, and continued for six days; 2) primates receiving a single treatment dose of a low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMVVH) (1.5 mg/kg) daily starting one day pre-iliac balloon occlusion, and continued for six days; and 3) primates receiving a single oral dose of a vehicle control daily starting three days pre-iliac vein balloon occlusion, and continued for six days. Animals receiving PSI-697, although thrombosed after balloon deflation, demonstrated greater than 80% vein lumen opening over time, with no opening (0%) for vehicle control (p<0.01). LMVVH opening evident after balloon deflation slightly deteriorated overtime compared to PSI-697. PSI-697 therapy also significantly decreased vein wall inflammation determined by magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Importantly, this beneficial opening occurred without measured anticoagulation. Animals receiving PSI-697 demonstrated significantly increased plasma D-dimer levels versus LMVVH and control animals six hours post thrombus induction (p<0.01). This study is the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of oral P-selectin inhibition to modify venous thrombogenesis, increase vein lumen opening, and decrease inflammation in a large animal model.
Factor XIII Val34Leu variant protects against coronary artery disease
Authors: Bereczky Zsuzsanna , Katona Éva , Ádány Róza , Muszbek László , Vokó Zoltán 
Published: February 2007

SummarySeveral studies suggested that Val34Leu variant of factor XIII (FXIII) might have a protective effect against coronary artery disease (CAD), but studies not supporting these findings have also been published. The authors performed a meta-analysis of 16 studies on 5,346 cases and 7,053 controls that investigated the association between Val34Leu polymorphism and CAD defined as history of myocardial infarction or significant stenosis on a coronary artery assessed by coronary angiography. Because of the heterogeneity of the study-specific results, the pooled effect estimates were calculated by a random-effects empirical Bayes model. The combined odds ratios for CAD were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [95% Cl] 0.73, 0.94) for the heterozygotes of the FXIIIVal34Leu variant, 0.89 (95% CI 0.69, 1.13) for the homozygotes, and 0.81 (95% CI 0.70, 0.92) for the heterozygotes and homozygotes combined. The results were essentially the same when only myocardial infarction was considered as outcome. The beneficial effect of the polymorphism might be smaller than the effect estimates obtained in this metaanalysis, because the analysis raised the possibility of publication bias. Data published in the literature suggest that gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions might significantly influence the protective effect of FXIII-AVal34Leu polymorphism.
Response
Authors: Seal David Wyatt , Bloom Frederick R. , Somlai Anton M. 
Published: February 2007

Lew Margolis’s commentary on our discussion of field dilemmas delineates the basic tenets of research ethics and presents the historical backdrop for Institutional Review Board governance of the conduct of scientific research. Margolis’s commentary also highlights two important points: (1) within broad boundaries, multiple strategies may exist for resolving ethical dilemmas, and (2) field judgments about the best strategy for resolving ethical dilemmas may sometimes appear less than optimal with hindsight. These emphases reinforce the critical need for continued dialogue about the practical application of research ethics in applied field settings. We further emphasize the importance of conducting this dialogue not only in community forums but in academic arenas. The professional expertise of field researchers often is derived from direct experience with or membership in the communities being studied. For academic discussion of research ethics to have real-life utility, it is essential that conceptual discussion be translated into discussion of these issues as they apply to real-life situations demanding real-life solutions. We invite others to continue this dialogue about the practical application of research ethics to dilemmas that have been encountered during the conduct of applied field research.
The Implications of Developing a Profession-Wide Code of Ethics
Authors: Clark Kim Robert 
Published: February 2007

Current efforts by two professional health education associations to draft a code of ethics could lead to the establishment of a profession-wide code serving as the basis for awareness, inspiration, train ing, and professional conduct. Such a code would also serve the social functions of professional protection and control. A coordinated attempt to formulate a profession-wide code could more closely unite all existing national health education organizations through a process of cooperative effort and value clarification, with implications for centralization, enforcement, and licensure. Members of the Society for Public Health Education, Inc. (SOPHE) and the Association for the Advancement of Health Education (AAHE) are currently engaged in an attempt to formulate a health education code of ethics. This article explores the history and purposes of such codes. In addition, it compares current health education professional concerns with those of the American Medical Association during the last century. Finally, it discusses the implications of a profession-wide code for cen tralization, enforcement, and licensure.
An Application of the Health Belief Model Toward Educational Diagnosis for VD Education
Authors: Simon Kenneth J. , Das Anima 
Published: February 2007

A protocol is developed which allows the translation of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to practice in supplying empirical needs assessment data on which to build responsive and effective VD education. The HBM is recognized as among the most important theoretical formulations to explain health behavior available in the health education literature, although there has to date been no information as to how to bridge the gap between theory and practice for actual, specific, and detailed programmatic input. The present study describes a procedure for using the HBM as a tool enabling practitioners to isolate those beliefs that need to be addressed for a given population. Prior attempts at belief identification have been limited to the four major dimensions of the HBM (perceptions of susceptibility, seriousness, barriers, and benefits), often with a single item to address each gross dimension. Such efforts are incapable of determining discrete areas of beliefs subject to change through direct educational intervention. The conceptualization and development of an extended view of these dimensions to include numerous individual entities enables the practitioner to create a data base which overcomes this limitation. The development of the VD Health Belief Scale is detailed. Subscales were operationalized by developing standardized attitude scales comprised of Likert-type items requiring a response on a five-point scale of agreements instrument refinement occurred at several stages; and selected items were screened through internal consistency item analysis. Resultant scales had acceptable reliability with alphas of .89, .66, .91, .86, and .84. A straightforward procedure is described to explain how the measure is used to develop appropriate needs assessment data using the HBM framework. Studies performed by the authors utilizing the procedure are presented to illustrate the application of the research protocol.
Some Notions About Assumptions Underlying Health Education
Authors: Lorig Kate , Laurin Janette 
Published: February 2007

By definition, the objective of health education is to change health behavior. One assumption underlying this objective is that changed health behaviors will result in improved health status. Both the objective and its assumption are based largely on experience with acute health problems. However, health education is now changing its focus towards chronic diseases. This paper cxamines a number of chronic disease health education studies. Investigation reveals that although there is often an improvement in health status, the associations between changed health behaviors and improved health status are not clear and at times do not appear to exist. In light of this evidence, the authors suggest that there is, in some cases, a need to reevaluate the assumptions that underlie health education and a need in health education programs to study factors other than, or in addition to, behavior change as mediators of health status.
A Study of a Self-Care Rehabilitation Program in Pediatric Asthma
Authors: Whitman Neal , West Dee , Brough Franklin K. , Welch Molly 
Published: February 2007

The Self-Care Rehabilitation in Pediatric Asthma (SCRPA) project was designed to ascertain (1) the level to which children with asthma are able to acquire the asthma knowledge and skills presented in a self-management training program conducted by the American Lung Association of Utah and (2) the effect of such training on the asthma experience. The preschool SCRPA Curriculum (ages 2-5) consisted of six 1-hour classes scheduled twice a week for 3 weeks. The first and last classes were for one or both parents only, and the middle four sessions were for the child and parent(s). The school-age SCRPA curriculum (ages 6-14) consisted of eight 90-minute classes for both child and parent(s) scheduled twice a week for 4 weeks. Private physicians referred 21 preschool children and 38 school-age children into the program. The school-age children were randomly assigned to a study or control group, and the preschool children served as their own controls. A comparison of asthma episodes during the 3 months before and after training showed a statistically significant decrease in the number of episodes but no change in severity in the preschool, school study, and school control groups. The decrease in episodes for the control groups suggest that the family record keeping required of all subjects may have a beneficial effect, a phenomenon worth further investigation. Also, the school-age group, in pre- and posttesting, demonstrated that the SCRPA curriculum increased knowledge and skills in the study group, changes not found in the control group.
Health Educators in the Workplace: Helping Companies Respond to the AIDS Crisis
Authors: Bauman Laurie J. , Aberth John 
Published: February 2007

As the number of cases of AIDS increases, more and more companies will have to decide how to handle employees with AIDS and those at high risk. AIDS creates medi cal, legal, and ethical issues in the workplace, all of which are emotional and complex; managers need expert assistance to guide their decision-making and policy develop ment. This article identifies various dimensions of the AIDS-related issues emerging in corporations nationwide, including: confidentiality, the right of patients to work, ben efits and insurance, HTLV-III screening, fears of contagion among workers, needs of companies to avoid financial and legal exposure, and effects on worker productivity. Health educators are in a unique position to contribute to the satisfactory resolution of AIDS-related problems in the workplace through their training and experience in education, policy development and the relevant legal and ethical issues in the health care field. However, they will have to initiate discussions with corporation executives themselves in order to reach this most important audience.
An Evaluation of Approaches to Asthma Self-Management Education for Adults: The AIR/Kaiser-Permanente Study
Authors: Wilson-Pessano Sandra R. , Scamagas Peter , Arsham Gary M. , Chardon Luis , Coss Stamatiki , German Donald F. , Hughes Gary W. 
Published: February 2007

The purpose of the AIR/Kaiser-Permanente asthma project is to evaluate various approaches to the education of adults with asthma, identifying those types of patients for whom particular approaches are most cost effective. Critical self-management prac tices for adults with asthma were identified using the critical incident technique. An individualized and a group administered educational program are being developed to teach the identified critical skills, using the instructional models previously employed in AIR WISE and AIR POWER programs for children with asthma. Three hundred patients with moderate to severe asthma from Northern California Kaiser-Permanente Medical Group clinics will participate in a trial of these programs. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of four conditions: One of two educational programs, an information/attention control, or a data-only control condition. Data will be collected on all patients for 15 months; health care utilization data covering a two-year period will be available from medical records. Program effectiveness will be evaluated in terms of pre-post changes in the patients' knowledge, attitudes, self-man agement practices, medical condition, daily functioning, and utilization of services. Cost effectiveness will be evaluated, paying specific attention to the cost effectiveness of different educational approaches for different types of patients.
Empowerment Education: Freire's Ideas Adapted to Health Education
Authors: Wallerstein Nina , Bernstein Edward 
Published: February 2007

Empowerment Education is proposed as an effective health education and preven tion model that promotes health in all personal and social arenas. The model suggests that participation of people in group action and dialogue efforts directed at commun ity targets enhances control and beliefs in ability to change people's own lives. The article is divided into three parts: a literature review demonstrating that powerlessness is linked to disease, and conversely, empowerment linked to health; an exposition of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire's empowering education theory with a comparison to traditional health education; and a case study of an empowering education substance abuse prevention project. The Alcohol and Substance Abuse Prevention (ASAP) Program is a University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Emergency Center, and community and school-based prevention project for adolescents. The case study will present ASAP's theoretical underpinnings and social practice, evaluation results, preliminary understandings of the stages for an empowering process, and future questions for practitioners interested in this approach. Empowerment education with its emphasis on organizing is recom mended to be integrated into other prevention strategies of health promotion, disease prevention, and health policy.
The Role of Linking Agents in the Diffusion of Health Promotion Programs
Authors: Monahan Jennifer L. , Scheirer Mary Ann 
Published: February 2007

This article examines the role of state health department dental offices as linking agents in the diffusion of an effective preventive health program, the fluoride mouth rinse program (FMRP) in public schools. The aim of this program is to prevent dental caries by a weekly mouthrinsing by elementary school students. In contrast to the tra ditional focus of diffusion research on characteristics of the innovation and character istics of the adopter, this study emphasizes an ecological approach, i.e., the transmittal mechanisms for diffusion. The state dental offices are examined as linking agents, which serve as program advocates or champions for diffusing the FMRP from the national level, where it was developed, to the thousands of local school districts and schools for adoption and continued delivery. Using data from interviews with state dental directors and archival sources, a multi variate model was developed and used to explain the percent of a state's elementary schools using the mouthrinse program. The results support the key role of linking agents in disseminating effective health promotion programs into actual use. Implica tions are discussed for both research and practice.
Health Education and Injury Control: Integrating Approaches
Authors: Gielen Andrea Carlson 
Published: February 2007

The prevention of injuries, a major public health problem, is of interest to a growing number of public health professionals from a variety of disciplines. Historically, there has been tension between those who propose injury prevention strategies that focus on the adoption of protective behaviors by individuals and those who propose strategies that circumvent the role of individual behavior by providing automatic or passive protection. This tension may be counterproductive to finding comprehensive solutions to injury problems, and a better understanding of the inherent strengths and limitations of each of these approaches is needed. The purposes of this paper are to: (1) describe the arguments over individual liberties and individual behavior that can occur in the design of injury prevention programs; (2) review the principles that typically guide the development of injury control programs and health education programs; and (3) integrate the two most widely used approaches in injury control and health education programs—Haddon's injury countermeasures and Green's PRECEDE framework—into one program planning framework that addresses both behavioral and nonbehavioral components of an injury problem. This unified framework is offered in the hope that its use will facilitate multidisciplinary, comprehensive approaches to developing injury prevention programs that are efficient and effective.
Process Evaluation of a Home-Based Program to Reduce Diet-Related Cancer Risk: The "WIN At Home Series"
Authors: Finnegan John R. , Rooney Brenda , Viswanath K. , Elmer Patricia , Graves Karen , Baxter Judith , Hertog James , Mullis Rebecca , Potter John 
Published: February 2007

A random mailed survey (response N = 226; 75.3%) of participants in diet-related home-based learning evaluated exposure to recruitment channels and impact on salience, utility, level of participation, sharing the course with others, knowledge, and performing recommended behaviors. A post-only design, the study was conducted in a small Minnesota city (population = 20,000), part of the Cancer and Diet Intervention (CANDI) project. About 18.5% of residents (3,711) enrolled during an 8-week media campaign; women, college graduates, and those over 44 years old were overrepresented. Participants learned about the program through mass media (97%); small media (41.9%); and interpersonal sources (50%). Women were more likely to learn about the course through interpersonal sources. In analysis of variance (ANOVA) modeling, salience and utility predicted level of participation in course activities. Level of participation in turn predicted nutrition knowledge and with salience predicted performance of recommended behaviors. Although the course appealed to individuals who needed it less, there was evidence of diffusion to the unenrolled. About 57% of responding participants reported sharing it with spouses; about 67% reported sharing it with someone outside their households.
Practitioners' Use of Theory: Examples from a Workgroup
Authors: Burdine James N. , McLeroy Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2007

There is a continuing discussion within the field of health education about the rela tionship between theory and practice. Much of this discussion, particularly that which appears in professional journals, has been developed by academicians and is prescriptive. That is, it identifies ways in which theory should be used by practitioners. The purpose of this article is to facilitate this ongoing discussion by providing descriptive information on how theory is used by a group of health educators who work for the same organization. This information is used as a springboard for discussion more generally about the nature of theory in health education. This article represents the thinking and experiences of a dozen health professionals, in reaction to the question, "How do you use theory in your practice?" The authors believe this information will be useful in helping theoreticians develop more useful theory and helping practitioners increase their understanding of the utility of good theory. The division between theory and practice in the field of health education represents a sig nificant opportunity and challenge to the discipline if energy can be redirected from criticism of the other "camp" to effective collaboration and enhanced effectiveness of health education efforts.
Low-dose imatinib mesylate leads to rapid induction of major molecular responses and achievement of complete molecular remission in FIP1L1-PDGFRA–positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia
Authors: Jovanovic Jelena V. , Score Joannah , Waghorn Katherine , Cilloni Daniela , Gottardi Enrico , Metzgeroth Georgia , Erben Philipp , Popp Helena , Walz Christoph , Hochhaus Andreas , Roche-Lestienne Catherine , Preudhomme Claude , Solomon Ellen , Apperley Jane , Rondoni Michela , Ottaviani Emanuela , Martinelli Giovanni , Brito-Babapulle Finella , Saglio Giuseppe , Hehlmann Rüdiger , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Reiter Andreas , Grimwade David 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene is a recurrent molecular lesion in eosinophilia-associated myeloproliferative disorders, predicting a favorable response to imatinib mesylate. To investigate its prevalence, 376 patients with persistent unexplained hypereosinophilia were screened by the United Kingdom reference laboratory, revealing 40 positive cases (11%). To determine response kinetics following imatinib, real-time quantitative–polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) assays were developed and evaluated in samples accrued from across the European LeukemiaNet. The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion transcript was detected at a sensitivity of 1 in 105 in serial dilution of the EOL-1 cell line. Normalized FIP1L1-PDGFRA transcript levels in patient samples prior to imatinib varied by almost 3 logs. Serial monitoring was undertaken in patients with a high level of FIP1L1-PDGFRA expression prior to initiation of imatinib (100 mg/d-400 mg/d). Overall, 11 of 11 evaluable patients achieved at least a 3-log reduction in FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion transcripts relative to the pretreatment level within 12 months, with achievement of molecular remission in 9 of 11 (assay sensitivities 1 in 103-105). In 2 patients, withdrawal of imatinib was followed by a rapid rise in FIP1L1-PDGFRA transcript levels. Overall, these data are consistent with the exquisite sensitivity of the FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion to imatinib, as compared with BCR-ABL, and underline the importance of RQ-PCR monitoring to guide management using molecularly targeted therapies.